gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Diagnosis of Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Children: Clinicopathologic Features and Prognostic Implications (2002)

Myocarditis is the most common cause of heart failure in children. We investigated viral etiology of myocarditis/dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in children and correlated molecular findings with pathologic and clinical data. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription (RT)-PCR were used to analyze 59 endomyocardial biopsies from 48 consecutive young (<18 yrs) patients (pts) with clinical and histologic diagnosis of myocarditis and DCM, employing primers designed to amplify specific sequences of various DNA and RNA viruses. Nucleic acids were successfully extracted in 41 pts and viral genomes were found in 20 (49%): 12 out of 26 pts (46%) with myocarditis, 6 out of 13 (46%) pts with DCM, and both patients with endocardial fibroelastosis. Enteroviruses were more common in DCM (72%), whereas adenoviruses and enteroviruses shared the same rate (36%) in myocarditis. The mumps virus genome was detected in the two pts with endocardial fibroelastosis. More diffuse inflammatory infiltrates and myocyte damage as well as more impaired left ventricular end diastolic volume and shortening fraction were noted in viral positive cases. PCR positive pts had a worse outcome, resulting in transplantation or death. Three out of 8 pts with viral myocarditis who underwent cardiac transplantation had recurrent PCR-proven graft viral infection. Viral myocarditis/DCM appeared to be a more severe disease than nonviral forms. Enteroviruses were more common in DCM, whereas adenoviruses were as frequent as enteroviruses in myocarditis. Persistence of viral infection was associated with disease deterioration. Viral myocarditis relapsed after transplantation.
Diagnosing battery behavior with an expert system in PROLOG (1986)

Power for the Hubble Space Telescope comes from a system of 20 solar panel assemblies (SPAs) and six nickel-cadmium batteries. The HST battery system is simulated by the HST Electrical Power System (EPS) testbed at Marshall Space Flight Center. The Nickel Cadmium Battery Expert System (NICBES) is being used to diagnose faults of the testbed system, evaluate battery status and provide decision support for the engineer. Extensive telemetry of system operating conditions is relayed through a DEC LSI-11. A BASIC program running on a PC monitors the flow of data, figures cell divergence and recharge ratio, and stores these values, along with other selected data, for use by the expert system.
A new Outlier detection algorithm based on Manifold Learning (2010)

Detecting outliers in a large set of data objects is a major data mining task aiming at finding different mechanisms responsible for different groups of objects in a data set. All existing approaches, however, are based on an assessment of distances (sometimes indirectly by assuming certain distributions) in the full-dimensional Euclidean data space. In high-dimensional data, these approaches are bound to deteriorate due to the notorious “curse of dimensionality”. In this paper, we propose a novel approach named MLOD (Manifold Learning -Based Outlier Detection), This way, the effects of the “curse of dimensionality” are alleviated compared to purely distance-based approaches. A main advantage of our new approach is that our method does not rely on any parameter selection influencing the quality of the achieved ranking. Empirical studies conducted on both real and synthetic data sets show that significant improvements in detection rate and false alarm rate are achieved using the proposed framework.
Gout. Epidemiology of gout (2010)

Gout is the most prevalent form of inflammatory arthropathy. Several studies suggest that its prevalence and incidence have risen in recent decades. Numerous risk factors for the development of gout have been established, including hyperuricaemia, genetic factors, dietary factors, alcohol consumption, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, obesity, diuretic use and chronic renal disease. Osteoarthritis predisposes to local crystal deposition. Gout appears to be an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, additional to the risk conferred by its association with traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Deformed cross‐dissolves for image interpolation in scientific visualization (1994)

Abstract Deformed cross‐dissolves are methods for inconspicuous interpolation between images. We describe methods for deformation based on scattered data interpolation methods using correspondence points in the images to be interpolated and an algorithm for automatic establishment of these correspondence points. We also describe efficient cross‐dissolve algorithms for the computation of intermediate images. Results for interpolation in the field of medical visualization are presented.
Reductive Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethene to Ethene by a Two-Component Enzyme Pathway (1998)

Two membrane-bound, reductive dehalogenases that constitute a novel pathway for complete dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene [PCE]) to ethene were partially purified from an anaerobic microbial enrichment culture containing Dehalococcoides ethenogenes 195. When titanium (III) citrate and methyl viologen were used as reductants, PCE-reductive dehalogenase (PCE-RDase) (51 kDa) dechlorinated PCE to trichloroethene (TCE) at a rate of 20 micromol/min/mg of protein. TCE-reductive dehalogenase (TCE-RDase) (61 kDa) dechlorinated TCE to ethene. TCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and 1,1-dichloroethene were dechlorinated at similar rates, 8 to 12 micromol/min/mg of protein. Vinyl chloride and trans-1,2-dichloroethene were degraded at rates which were approximately 2 orders of magnitude lower. The light-reversible inhibition of TCE-RDase by iodopropane and the light-reversible inhibition of PCE-RDase by iodoethane suggest that both of these dehalogenases contain Co(I) corrinoid cofactors. Isolation and characterization of these novel bacterial enzymes provided further insight into the catalytic mechanisms of biological reductive dehalogenation.
Frame-rate Multi-body Tracking for Surveillance (1998)

Video surveillance is watching an area for significant events. Perimeter security generally requires watching areas that afford trespassers reasonable cover and concealment. Almost by definition such &quot;interesting &quot; areas have limited visibility distance. These situations call for a wide field of view, and are a natural application for omni-directional VSAM. This paper summarizes our ongoing efforts on developing an omni-directional tracking system. We begin with a few examples and then discuss the background and application constraints. We end with a summary of our approach and its novel components. 1 Examples &amp; Background The paracamera system captures omni-directional video that allows one to generate geometrically correct perspective images in any viewing direction. Figure 1 shows an example. While unwarping in multiple directions and then doing tracking on the perspective images would be possible, it would add considerable expense. Therefore, we are working directly in the complex...
Finding Genetic Network from Experiments by Weighted Network Model. (1998)

We study the problem of finding a genetic network from data obtained by multiple gene disruptions and overexpressions. We define a genetic network as a weighted graph, and analyze the computational complexity of the problem. We show that if there exists a weighted network which is consistent with given data, we can find it in polynomial time. Moreover, we also consider the optimization problem, where we try to find an optimally consistent weighted network with given data. We show that the problem is NP-hard. On the other hand, we give a polynomial-time approximation algorithm to solve it with approximation ratio 2. We report some simulation results on experiments.
UWB-Sensors for Industrial Applications (2007)

Apart of the new perspectives ultra wideband technology opens in communications, it also permits the development of a new class of electromagnetic industrial sensors, which is based on multi-parameter measurements. This paper presents three versions of experimental UWB-sensors of the new kind and demonstrates their capabilities. A non-contacting free space sensor for determining the moisture content of granular materials, a contacting sensor for estimating the storage time and quality of foodstuffs, and a sensing system for detecting and locating foreign bodies in material streams are described. The fundamental system design for all sensors is quite similar and based on pulses with picosecond rise times. An engineered version of the sensor system is presented for the quality sensor.
Studies on the synthesis of ginkgolides. Rapid construction of the spiro[4.4]nonane A and B rings (1991)

The functionalised spiro [4.4] nonane 30 is available from tert-butylcyclopentadiene 16via spiroalkylation with 12b to give 17/18, followed by singlet oxygenation/aldolisation to the mixture of 21, 22, 25 and 26. Oxidation of the mixture gave two enediones 28/29, which were reduced with K-Selectride and the diastereoisomer 26 was separated and hydrogenated to give 30.
Design and Synthesis of Charge-Transfer-Based Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as Multicolor Light-Up Probes (2009)

Cationic poly[9,9-bis(6′-N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)fluorene-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) dibromide] (PFBT) and poly[9,9-bis(6′-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)fluorenyldivinylene-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) dibromide] (PFVBT) are designed and synthesized to serve as multicolor light-up probes for biomolecular quantification. Because of the charge-transfer electronic states of the polymers, they exhibit weak fluorescence in aqueous media which can be significantly enhanced by increasing the hydrophobicity of polymeric microenvironment. Molecular orbital simulations further reveal that the presence of vinyl bonds endows PFVBT with a stronger charge-transfer character relative to that of PFBT. Both PFBT and PFVBT exhibit linear fluorescence enhancement as a function of bovine serum albumin (BSA) or DNA concentration in buffer solution, allowing effective biomolecular quantification. Of particular interest is that the light-up responses of PFBT or PFVBT in the presence of BSA and DNA are different, featuring biomolecule-dependent yellow-to-golden and orange-to-red light-up signatures, respectively. With a more sensitive light-up response, PFVBT can quantify biomolecules more effectively than PFBT does, which highlights the crucial role of charge transfer in determining the microenvironment-responsive fluorescence of conjugated polyelectrolytes for chemical and biological sensing.
Application of Super Carburizing to Hydraulic Lash Adjuster (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">As hydraulic lash adjuster (HLA) gives great advantages to valve trains such as less maintenance cost, no variations in load exchange and engine power and so forth, the number of engines equipped with HLA is increasing. Being contact-loaded by cams or rockers, the contact face of HLA is usually case hardened or coated with wear resisting materials. The study was made to apply super carburizing to HLA to improve wear, pitting and scuffing resistance. Super carburizing is characterized by its carbide precipitation in case due to higher carbon contents than in conventional gas carburizing. Super carburizing was appplied to cam follower type HLA in trial using the newly alloy designed steel, 0.17 C-0.5Si-2.25Cr-0.4Mo. It was found that the super carburized HLA showed higher endurance life than gas carburized one and almost the same properties as wear resisting material coated one.</div>
Growth of spontaneous periodic surface structures on solids during laser illumination (1982)

Spontaneous periodic surface structures, or ripples, are frequently observed after illumination of metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics by intense laser pulses. We develop a theory which predicts the observed spacing, polarization, and growth properties of these ripples. In this model, one or several Fourier components of a random surface disturbance scatter light from the incident beam very nearly along the surface. The interference of this diffracted optical wave with the incident beam then gives rise to optical interference fringes which can reinforce the initial disturbance. Sinusoidal corrugations on either metallic or molten surfaces seem to provide strong positive feedback for ripple growth, whereas sinusoidal gratings in temperature, electron-hole density, or dielectric constant seem much less well correlated with observations.
(18)F-FDG PET in localization of frontal lobe epilepsy: comparison of visual and SPM analysis. (2002)

(18)F-FDG PET was sensitive in localizing epileptogenic zones by revealing hypometabolic areas in nonlesional patients with frontal lobe epilepsy as well as in lesional patients. SPM analysis showed a comparable sensitivity to visual assessment and could be used as an aid in diagnosing epileptogenic zones in frontal lobe epilepsy.
Determinants That Control the Distinct Subcellular Localization of p38α-PRAK and p38β-PRAK Complexes (2008)

p38alpha and p38beta MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) share about 80% of their protein sequence identity, but have quite different biological functions. One such difference is in regulating the subcellular localization of their downstream kinases, such as PRAK (p38-regulated/activated protein kinase or MK5). The p38alpha-PRAK complex is found in the nucleus, whereas the p38beta-PRAK complex is exclusively localized to the cytosol. By generating a series of chimeric and point mutants of p38alpha and p38beta, we found two amino acid residues (Asp(145) and Leu(156) in p38alpha, Gly(145) and Val(156) in p38beta) that determine the distinct subcellular locations of p38alpha-PRAK and p38beta-PRAK. The subcellular localization of MK2 (MAPK-activated protein kinase 2), another downstream kinase of p38, was regulated in the same manner as that of PRAK. We found that nuclear import, but not export, determines the subcellular localization of p38alpha-PRAK and p38beta-PRAK. The published structure of the p38alpha-MK2 complex suggests Leu(156) of p38alpha is involved in the interaction with the nuclear localization signal in PRAK. The difference at this residue between p38alpha and p38beta may affect the nuclear localization signal in PRAK differently, and thereby influence the import of the complexes. Asp(145) in p38alpha (or Gly(145) in p38beta) is located on a different surface patch, and further random mutagenesis revealed that mutation of Asp(145), Thr(123), and Gln(325), the residues that can directly interact with importin alpha as predicted by modeling, but not mutation of the other 7 amino acid residues that cannot reach importin alpha, re-locate p38alpha-PRAK to the cytosol, suggesting that interaction with import machinery is involved in determining the subcellular localization of the p38alpha-PRAK and p38beta-PRAK complexes. Last, we show that nuclear localization of PRAK is required for its role in inhibiting the proliferation of NIH3T3 cells. In conclusion, multiple determinants control the distinct subcellular localization of p38alpha-PRAK and p38beta-PRAK complexes, and the location of PRAK plays a role in its function.
Brown-like adipose progenitors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells: Identification of critical pathways governing their adipogenic capacity (2016)

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) show great promise for obesity treatment as they represent an unlimited source of brown/brite adipose progenitors (BAPs). However, hiPSC-BAPs display a low adipogenic capacity compared to adult-BAPs when maintained in a traditional adipogenic cocktail. The reasons of this feature are unknown and hamper their use both in cell-based therapy and basic research. Here we show that treatment with TGFβ pathway inhibitor SB431542 together with ascorbic acid and EGF were required to promote hiPSCs-BAP differentiation at a level similar to adult-BAP differentiation. hiPSC-BAPs expressed the molecular identity of adult-UCP1 expressing cells (PAX3, CIDEA, DIO2) with both brown (ZIC1) and brite (CD137) adipocyte markers. Altogether, these data highlighted the critical role of TGFβ pathway in switching off hiPSC-brown adipogenesis and revealed novel factors to unlock their differentiation. As hiPSC-BAPs display similarities with adult-BAPs, it opens new opportunities to develop alternative strategies to counteract obesity.
3D photonic integrated circuits for WDM applications (1999)

The wafer fusion technique for realization of compact waveguide switches, filters and 3D photonic integrated circuits is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Calculations based on the beam propagation method show that very short vertical directional couplers with 40-220 μm coupling lengths and high extinction ratios from 20 to 32 dB can be realized. These extinction ratios can be further improved using a slight asymmetry in waveguide structure. The optical loss at the fused interface was investigated by comparison of the transmission loss in InGaAsP-based ridge-loaded waveguide structures with and without a fused layer near the core region. This reveals an excess loss of 1.1 dB/cm at 1.55 μm wavelength due to the fused interface. Fused straight vertical directional couplers have been fabricated and characterized. Waveguides separated by 0.6 μm gap layer exhibit a coupling length of 62 μm and a switching voltage of about 12 volts. Since GaAs and InP have different material dispersion at 1.55 μm wavelength, a combination of InP and GaAs couplers is used to demonstrate an inherent polarization independent and narrowband filter.
A structured and scalable test access architecture for TSV-based 3D stacked ICs (2010)

New process technology developments enable the creation of three-dimensional stacked ICs (3D-SICs) interconnected by means of Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs). This paper presents a DfT test access architecture for such 3D-SICs that allows for both pre-bond die testing and post-bond stack testing. The DfT architecture is based on a modular test approach, in which the various dies, their embedded IP cores, the inter-die TSV-based interconnects, and the external I/Os can be tested as separate units to allow optimization of the 3D-SIC test flow. The architecture builds on and reuses existing DfT hardware at the core, die, and product level. It adds a die-level wrapper, which is based on IEEE 1500, with the following novel features: (1) dedicated probe pads on the non-bottom dies to facilitate pre-bond die testing, (2) TestElevators that transport test control and data signals up and down during post-bond stack testing, and (3) a hierarchical Wrapper Instruction Register (WIR) chain. The paper also hints at opportunities for optimization and standardization of this architecture.
Factors Affecting Cellulolysis by <i>Ruminococcus albus</i> (1973)

The factors influencing the digestion of pebble-milled cellulose by enzymes were studied by using several strains of Ruminococcus albus including a mutant characterized by a more eccentric location of its colony in the clearing produced by digestion of the cellulose in the thin layer lining the wall of a culture tube. Most of the cellulase is extracellular. As much as 65% of the cellulose could be digested by the cell-free enzymes provided the quantity of cellulose was small. Fresh enzyme was repeatedly administered or the digestion experiment was arranged in a dialysis bag through which digestion products could diffuse. Cellobiose and, to a lesser extent, glucose inhibited digestion. Pebble-milled filter paper, moist crystalline cellulose from cotton, and dry crystalline cellulose (Sigmacel) were digested, but in decreasing rapidity, respectively. Carboxymethylcellulose was digested more rapidly than pebble-milled cellulose but to approximately the same final extent as judged by Cu reduction values. Cell walls from alfalfa were digested. The enzyme preparation was active over the pH range 6.0 to 6.8 and showed most rapid cellulose digestion at 45 C. Part of the cellulolytic activity was irreversibly destroyed by exposure to oxygen. Much of the enzyme was absorbed on cellulose. The absorption and desorption characteristics, as well as the partial inhibition by oxygen, indicate that multiple enzymes are involved.
Optical Network Design and Implementation (2004)

A comprehensive guide to understanding and configuring multiservice DWDM, SONET, and SDH architecturesOptical Network Design and Implementation provides in-depth coverage of the following: DS1/DS3/E1/E3 over SONET/SDH IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) Fast/Gigabit Ethernet over SONET/SDH VRF virtual private networks Double-tagged 802.1Q VPNs SAN transport, FICON, and Fibre Channel over SONET/SDH DWDM infrastructures Analysis of DWDM, SONET, and SDH architecturesMultiservice optical networking has multiple applications in service provider and enterprise environments. To help you make the most of these applications, Optical Network Design and Implementation provides a complete reference of technology solutions for next-generation optical networks. The book explains the differences among various MAN technologies, getting you up to speed on the solutions you need to use.Optical Network Design and Implementation contains a broad range of technical details on multiservice optical networking and covers optical networking theory, design, and configuration by providing informative text, illustrations, and examples. It can be used as a reference for anyone designing, implementing, or supporting an optical network. Even if you're not using Cisco ONS equipment, this book can increase your awareness and understanding of optical technologies and provide you with detailed design concepts and rules for building highly scalable multiservice optical networks.This book covers the entire spectrum of optical networking technologies from the physical layer to the network layer. If you are a network architect, network manager, or a consultant who designs, deploys, operates, or troubleshoots multiservice optical and DWDM networks, Optical Network Design and Implementation is your comprehensive guide to optical networking.This represents the first book that offers a comprehensive and technical guide to unique IP+Optical innovations with Cisco COMET. -Jayshree V. Ullal, Senior Vice President, Optical Networking Group Cisco Systems, Inc.This book is part of the Networking Technology Series from Cisco Press, which offers networking professionals valuable information for constructing efficient networks, understanding new technologies, and building successful careers.158705105203152004