gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
El sujeto activo en los delitos tributarios, y los problemas relativos a la participación criminal (2007)

No reina el consenso en la doctrina ni en la jurisprudencia, a la hora de pronunciarse sobre la naturaleza del delito tributario, en consideracion al autor de estos. Mientras que nuestra escasa doctrina mayoritariamente, se inclina por la tesis que afirma que nos encontramos ante un delito comun, la doctrina extranjera por el contrario, mayoritariamente, se pronuncia en sentido contrario, esto es que nos encontramos ante un delito especial propio. Asimismo, algunos autores, se han adherido a las nuevas corrientes dogmaticas impulsadas tanto por Roxin, como por Jakobs, quienes han creado una nueva clasificacion de los delitos, llamandolos delitos de infraccion de deber. La discusion no es un tema menor, dado los alcances en materia de autoria y participacion criminal, derivados de optar por una u otra postura, ello especialmente en legislaciones, como la nuestra, que no establecen normas especiales para la distribucion de responsabilidades entre los diferentes participantes del delito
Laser welding with albumin-based solder: Experimental full-tubed skin graft urethroplasty (1996)

The near-uniform occurrence of strictures in both groups suggests that the rabbit is not an ideal model for free tube graft urethroplasty. However, our data indicate that laser welding with albumin-based solder, when used in the appropriate setting, may offer the potential for the rapid creation of watertight grafts in reconstructive urology.
Expansion of Two-dimension Electrospun Nanofiber Mats into Three-dimension Scaffolds (2019)

Electrospinning has been the preferred technology in producing a synthetic, functional scaffold due to the biomimicry to extracellular matrix and the ease control of composition, structure, and diameter of fibers. However, despite these advantages, traditional electrospun nanofiber scaffolds come with limitations including disorganized nanofiber orientation, low porosity, small pore size, and mainly two-dimensional mats. As such, there is a great need for developing a new process for fabricating electrospun nanofiber scaffolds that can overcome the above limitations. Herein, a novel and simple method is outlined. A traditional 2D nanofiber mat is transformed into a 3D scaffold with desired thickness, gap distance, porosity, and nanotopographic cues to allow for cell seeding and proliferation through the depressurization of subcritical CO2 fluid. In addition to providing a scaffold for tissue regeneration to occur, this method also provides the opportunity to encapsulate bioactive molecules such as antimicrobial peptides for local drug delivery. The CO2 expanded nanofiber scaffolds hold great potential in tissue regeneration, wound healing, 3D tissue modeling, and topical drug delivery.
Immunophenotypic Characterization of 225 Prostate Adenocarcinomas With Intermediate or High Gleason Scores (2002)

This study provides detailed staining results for 225 prostate adenocarcinomas, including 150 Gleason score 8, 9, and 10 adenocarcinomas with cytokeratins (CKs) 7, 20, 5/6, and 17, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), WT1, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), and villin. CK7 was reactive in 112 adenocarcinomas (49.8%). The percentage of CK7-reactive adenocarcinomas and the percentage of CK7-stained cells increased in higher Gleason score adenocarcinomas; most reactive neoplasms had CK7 staining of fewer than 25% of cells. CK20 had similar results. The percentage of PSA- and PAP-reactive adenocarcinomas and the percentage of stained cells in reactive neoplasms decreased in higher Gleason score adenocarcinomas. CK5/6 and CK17, WT1, CA-125, TTF-1, and villin were nonreactive. The prostate can be the primary site of metastatic adenocarcinoma that is nonreactive for PAP and PSA and has CK7 or CK20 reactivity in fewer than 50% of the cells. The likelihood that a metastatic adenocarcinoma is from the prostate is low if reactivity with any of the cytokeratin antibodies, CEA, TTF-1, CA-125, WT1, or villin is extensive.
Technetium-99m-N1-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropyl)-N2-(2-propargylthio-2- methylpropyl)-1,2-benzenediamine (T691): preclinical studies of a potential new tracer of regional cerebral perfusion. (1992)

We report in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies of a new cerebral blood flow tracer, [99mTc]N1-(2-mercapto-2-methyl-propyl)-N2-(2- propargylthio-2-methylpropyl)-1,2-benzenediamine (T691). The tracer demonstrates excellent in vitro chemical stability and accumulates regionally in the brain in a pattern consistent with that of cerebral blood flow. First-pass cerebral extraction determined with the use of the brain uptake index method in the rat was 0.76. Bolus intracarotid injection in monkeys indicated a cerebral extraction of 68% and prolonged retention of 67% of the initially extracted activity. Autoradiographic studies in rats revealed a pattern characteristic of cerebral blood flow at both 1 and 60 min after systemic injection. Dynamic tomographic imaging following systemic injection in the monkey revealed peak brain activity 1 to 2 min postinjection, without significant decline over 60 min. Chromatographic studies of brain as long as 60 min following systemic injection of [99mTc]T691 showed no evidence of tracer metabolism to account for its retention. Overall, [99mTc]T691 demonstrates promise as a potential new clinical tracer of cerebral perfusion.
Azimuth depolarization ambiguities in Synthetic Aperture Radar (1988)

Abstract The effects of target depolarization in measurements made by stationary microwave systems have been extensively investigated. The use of depolarized measurements can provide information not available in the like-polarized measurement alone. Depolarized measurements acquired by non-Doppler systems were susceptible to errors induced by the measurement antenna. We extend this previous research to non-stationary (Doppler) systems. In both stationary and Doppler systems, adequate antenna polarization isolation is required to allow high quality polarization (especially depolarized) measurements to be acquired. In the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems the effect of azimuth ambiguities caused by the pulse repetition frequency (prf) of the system must also be incorporated in the analysis. Normally the effects of PRF can be filtered by the azimuth spectrum processor, however when measuring the weak depolarized cross-section in the presence of the strong like-polarized cross-section the polarization isolation in the side lobes of the aliased azimuth spectrum may become significant. Inadequate isolation can cause a like-polarized feed through return to exist in the depolarized measurement channel at a position in the image different from the resolution cell in question. The complexity of the SAR introduces two feed-through problems, one associated with the main processing beamwidth (azimuth Doppler bandwidth) and the other associated with the aliased function coupling into the main processing bandwidth. Stationary systems must only be concerned with the former; however, both can be controlled with proper specification of the antenna bandwidth and its side lobes.
Imaging CFTR Protein Localization in Cultured Cells and Tissues (2011)

CFTR functions as a chloride channel at the apical membrane of airway, gastrointestinal, and other epithelial cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy is commonly used to assess the subcellular localization and relative abundance of CFTR. Visualization of heterologously overexpressed CFTR is typically unproblematic and straightforward, whereas detection of small quantities of endogenous CFTR in tissues can be challenging and requires highly specific antibodies and optimized staining protocols. CFTR tagged by green fluorescent protein can be employed to study trafficking in live cells. Tagging of CFTR with an extracellular epitope permits detection exclusively at the cell surface and subsequent chasing allows visualization of endocytic trafficking.
Real-World Gait Speed Estimation Using Wrist Sensor: A Personalized Approach (2019)

Gait speed is an important parameter to characterize people's daily mobility. For real-world speed measurement, inertial sensors or global navigation satellite system (GNSS) can be used on wrist, possibly integrated in a wristwatch. However, power consumption of GNSS is high and data are only available outdoor. Gait speed estimation using wrist-mounted inertial sensors is generally based on machine learning and suffers from low accuracy because of the inadequacy of using limited training data to build a general speed model that would be accurate for the whole population. To overcome this issue, a personalized model was proposed, which took unique gait style of each subject into account. Cadence and other biomechanically derived gait features were extracted from a wrist-mounted accelerometer and barometer. Gait features were fused with few GNSS data (sporadically sampled during gait) to calibrate the step length model of each subject through online learning. The proposed method was validated on 30 healthy subjects where it has achieved a median [Interquartile Range] of root mean square error of 0.05 [0.04-0.06] (m/s) and 0.14 [0.11-0.17] (m/s) for walking and running, respectively. Results demonstrated that the personalized model provided similar performance as GNSS. It used 50 times less training GNSS data than nonpersonalized method and achieved even better results. This parsimonious GNSS usage allowed extending battery life. The proposed algorithm met requirements for applications which need accurate, long, real-time, low-power, and indoor/outdoor speed estimation in daily life.
Treatment of Large Human Burns With 0.5% Silver Nitrate Solution (1965)

WITHIN THE LAST 30 years the mortality from burns and scalds has fallen. However, this change is largely relatable to the reduction of the death rate from burns and scalds covering 60% or less of the body's surface, and the more especially from those covering less than 50% (Table 1). Although burns covering more than 65% of the body are still regularly but not always fatal, the fact that, on a graph, the relationship of mortality to the size of burn is ogival is reason to believe that ultimately even burns covering 90% to 100% of the body will not always be lethal. Traumatic shock is no longer a significant contributing factor to the mortality rate. Even the shock attending thermal injuries covering 50% to 85% of the body is successfully treated by the provision of a sufficient quantity of a balanced solution of sodium salts, such as Hartmann's solution.*
4-phenylbutyrate enhances the cell surface expression and the transport capacity of wild-type and mutated bile salt export pumps (2007)

4PBA treatment with a clinically achievable concentration enhances the cell surface expression and the transport capacity of WT, E297G, and D482G BSEP in MDCK II cells, and also induces functional BSEP expression at the canalicular membrane and bile acid transport via canalicular membrane in vivo. 4PBA is a potential pharmacological agent for treating not only PFIC2 patients with E297G and D482G mutations but also other cholestatic patients, in whom the BSEP expression at the canalicular membrane is reduced.
Preparation and Characterization of Fe<sup>3+</sup>, La<sup>3+</sup> Co-Doped Tio<sup>2</sup> Nanofibers and Its Photocatalytic Activity (2012)

Nanofibers of Fe 3+ , La 3+ co-doped titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )/Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) composite have been prepared by electrospinning process. The ceramic nanofibers co-doped with metal ions were obtained by high temperature calcination of the organic/inorganic composite fibers. The structure, crystalline state and surface morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. The observation by SEM revealed that there was a significant difference in the fibrous structure of the nanofibers before and after co-doping and calcinating. XRD patterns indicated the lattice of TiO 2 nanocrystalline were distorted by co-doped ions. FTIR spectrum further confirmed the presence of Fe and La oxidate in the co-doped nanofibers. AFM images showed that comparing to TiO 2 nanofibers, the roughness was increased on the surface of co-doped nanofibers. Before and after doping, the photocatalysis activity of the nanofibers were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). The photocatalysis activity were significantly improved by the porous roughness surface structure and cooperative actions of Fe 3+ , La 3+ co-doping.
Pack Cementation Aluminide Coatings on Superalloys: Codeposition of Cr and Reactive Elements (RE). Technical Report 1. Chromium and Reactive Element(RE)- Modified Aluminide Diffusion Coatings on Superalloys: Environmental Testing. Technical Report 2 (1992)

A single-step, chloride-activated pack cementation process has been developed for growing a Cr/RE (Y, Zr) -modified or a RE(Y,Zr,Hf)-doped aluminide diffusion coating on commercial Ni-base superalloys. The coatings consisted of an outward-grown, hypostoichiometric B-NiAl layer with a substantial enrichment in Cr and a low reactive element content. The Cr was both dissolved. in the B- NiAl matrix and precipitated as Alpha-Cr second-phase particles. Aluminide coatings grown outwards in a pack permitting powder contact with the substrate were embedded with Al203 and RE oxide pack particles. Physical separation of the substrates from the powder mixture eliminated powder entrapment, but reduced the growth rate and the amount of Cr enrichment in the coating. Isolation of the substrate from the pack introduced partial rate control by gaseous diffusion. Diffusion coating, Aluminizing/Chromizing, Reactive element.
Interoperability between phenotypes in research and healthcare terminologies—Investigating partial mappings between HPO and SNOMED CT (2016)

Through complete and partial mappings, 92% of the 10,454 HPO concepts can be mapped to SNOMED CT (30% complete and 62% partial). Equivalence mappings between HPO and SNOMED CT allow for interoperability between data described using these two systems. However, due to differences in focus and granularity, equivalence is only possible for 30% of HPO classes. In the remaining cases, partial mappings provide a next-best approach for traversing between the two systems. Both lexical and logical mapping techniques produce mappings that cannot be generated by the other technique, suggesting that the two techniques are complementary to each other. Finally, this work demonstrates interesting properties (both lexical and logical) of HPO and SNOMED CT and illustrates some limitations of mapping through UMLS.
Purification by Affinity Chromatography and Properties of a β-Lactamase Isolated from <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (1979)

beta-Lactamase activity was detected in cell-free preparations obtained from ultrasonic treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae after growth in liquid medium. Crude preparations of beta-lactamase were subjected to affinity chromatography, using several beta-lactam antibiotics as ligands bound to agarose supports. Affinity gels produced by coupling 7-aminocephalosporanic acid or 6-aminopenicillanic acid by their amino groups to carboxyl-terminal agarose via a five- to eight-carbon spacer arm proved to be effective chromatography media. beta-Lactamase preparations subjected to chromatography using these gels were purified 200-fold, with approximately 80% recovery of active material. Purified preparations were judged homogeneous by their behavior during electrophoresis on polyacrylamide in both the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Characterization of the purified enzyme established a molecular weight of approximately 25,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.4. Analyses of substrate specificity, effect of inhibitors, pH, and kinetic parameters were performed. The evidence suggests that the beta-lactamase produced in N. gonorrhoeae closely resembles the character of class IIIa (TEM-type) beta-lactamases.
High-Rate, Gas-Phase Growth of MoS <sub>2</sub> Nested Inorganic Fullerenes and Nanotubes (1995)

The gas-phase reaction between MoO3-x and H(2)S in a reducing atmosphere at elevated temperatures (800 degrees to 950 degrees C) has been used to synthesize large quantities of an almost pure nested inorganic fullerene (IF) phase of MoS(2). A uniform IF phase with a relatively narrow size distribution was obtained. The synthesis of IFs appears to require, in addition to careful control over the growth conditions, a specific turbulent flow regime. The x-ray spectra of the different samples show that, as the average size of the IF decreases, the van der Waals gap along the c axis increases, largely because of the strain involved in folding of the lamella. Large quantities of quite uniform nanotubes were obtained under modified preparation conditions.
Ship Hull Resistance Prediction from Model Tests with a Resistance Similitude Simulator (2020)

Depending on model sizes and test speeds, model Reynolds numbers are typically one to two orders of magnitude less than those occurring at full scale. The region of laminar flow is significantly larger on a model surface than at full scale. Turbulence stimulators (TSs) are extensively applied in model resistance tests to simulate ship boundary layer flow. Because of lack of theoretical guidance, the size, shape, and location of turbulent stimulators used in each test facility are typically selected based on experience gained in each laboratory, and parasitic drag induced by TSs is subtracted from measured model resistance in some test facilities and not subtracted in other facilities. If turbulence stimulation can be specified in such a way as to achieve momentum thickness similarity between the model and full scale, the form factor will be constant, so a simple scaling formula can be applied to predict ship resistance. Ship resistance can be predicted from measured model resistance with the application of this simple scaling formula. The article describes how for a given body geometry, ship Reynolds number and model Reynolds number, a unique TS (size, shape, and location) can be designed based on three equations derived in this article. This uniquely designed TS is termed the "resistance similitude simulator" in this article. The parasitic drag induced by the simulator is a part of the similarity solution and does not need to be subtracted from measured model resistance. 1. Introduction The ability to predict resistance plays an important role in the design of a ship or submarine. An accurate prediction of the drag of the vessel is required for the propulsor design and to determine the required power. The resistance of the vessel also strongly influences its lifetime operation costs. Although computational methods are now commonly used to estimate ship resistance, model tests are still heavily relied on, and scaling formulae are used to relate model data to full-scale performance.
Recognizing, treating, and preventing common foot problems (2000)

The incidence, prevalence, and severity of foot conditions increase with age. Teaching patients simple preventive techniques is crucial. Recognition, treatment, and prevention of common foot complaints--i.e., toenail problems, infections, corns and calluses, injuries, flat feet, bunions, arthritis of the toes, and toe and joint deformities--are reviewed.
Liposomes as Carriers of Radionuclides: From Imaging to Therapy (1999)

Liposomes have been studied quite extensively during the last twenty years or so as carriers for a variety of diagnostic molecules, in order to enhance the obtained in vivo target-to-background contrast, thus improve imaging resolution. In such applications, unlike chemotherapy and even more radiotherapy, low radiation doses are generally administered hence, apart from risk assessment purposes, the need for radiation dosimetry is not critical for their success. In the present article we will try to present and analyze critical factors that may affect any attempt to construct and investigate liposomes as carriers of particle-emitting radionuclides for radiotherapeutic purposes. Since dosimetric considerations for this kind of applications are considered essential for establishing radiotoxicity levels and dose-response relations for both healthy and tumor tissues, a description of current dosimetry methodologies will be included. It is aimed that the conceptual differences between imaging and therapy using radiolabeled liposome conjugates, along with those between chemotherapy and radiotherapy will be elucidated. The complex interplay of different pharmacokinetic (liposome biodistribution), physical (radionuclide half-life, particle emission characteristics), physicochemical (liposome particle size, surface charge), and physiological (tumor dimensions, vasculature, pH) parameters will be qualitatively investigated towards optimal selection and design of liposome-radionuclide complexes.
Kruppel-like Factor 4 Regulates Endothelial Inflammation (2007)

The vascular endothelium plays a critical role in vascular homeostasis. Inflammatory cytokines and non-laminar blood flow induce endothelial dysfunction and confer a pro-adhesive and pro-thrombotic phenotype. Therefore, identification of factors that mediate the effects of these stimuli on endothelial function is of considerable interest. Kruppel-like factor 4 expression has been documented in endothelial cells, but a function has not been described. In this communication we describe the expression in vitro and in vivo of Kruppel-like factor 4 in human and mouse endothelial cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that endothelial Kruppel-like factor 4 is induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli and shear stress. Overexpression of Kruppel-like factor 4 induces expression of multiple anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic factors including endothelial nitric-oxide synthase and thrombomodulin, whereas knockdown of Kruppellike factor 4 leads to enhancement of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and tissue factor expression. The functional importance of Kruppel-like factor 4 is verified by demonstrating that Kruppel-like factor 4 expression markedly decreases inflammatory cell adhesion to the endothelial surface and prolongs clotting time under inflammatory states. Kruppel-like factor 4 differentially regulates the promoter activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes in a manner consistent with its anti-inflammatory function. These data implicate Kruppel-like factor 4 as a novel regulator of endothelial activation in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli.
<b>Pre‐clinical Cushing's syndrome: an unexpected frequent cause of poor glycaemic control in obese diabetic patients</b> (1996)

The prevalence of pre-clinical Cushing's syndrome in obese patients with poorly controlled diabetes appears to be considerably higher than previously believed. The overnight dexamethasone suppression test proved to be a simple, sensitive and highly specific screening test for Cushing's syndrome despite the presence of obesity and hyperglycaemia.