gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Implantable Hearing System with Direct Acoustic Cochlear Stimulation (2008)

A new implantable hearing system, the direct acoustic cochlear stimulator (DACS) is presented. This system is based on the principle of a power-driven stapes prosthesis and intended for the treatment of severe mixed hearing loss due to advanced otosclerosis. It consists of an implantable electromagnetic transducer, which transfers acoustic energy directly to the inner ear, and an audio processor worn externally behind the implanted ear. The device is implanted using a specially developed retromeatal microsurgical approach. After removal of the stapes, a conventional stapes prosthesis is attached to the transducer and placed in the oval window to allow direct acoustical coupling to the perilymph of the inner ear. In order to restore the natural sound transmission of the ossicular chain, a second stapes prosthesis is placed in parallel to the first one into the oval window and attached to the patient's own incus, as in a conventional stapedectomy. Four patients were implanted with an investigational DACS device. The hearing threshold of the implanted ears before implantation ranged from 78 to 101 dB (air conduction, pure tone average, 0.5-4 kHz) with air-bone gaps of 33-44 dB in the same frequency range. Postoperatively, substantial improvements in sound field thresholds, speech intelligibility as well as in the subjective assessment of everyday situations were found in all patients. Two years after the implantations, monosyllabic word recognition scores in quiet at 75 dB improved by 45-100 percent points when using the DACS. Furthermore, hearing thresholds were already improved by the second stapes prosthesis alone by 14-28 dB (pure tone average 0.5-4 kHz, DACS switched off). No device-related serious medical complications occurred and all patients have continued to use their device on a daily basis for over 2 years.
Site-Specific Recombination Between Homologous Chromosomes in <i>Drosophila</i> (1991)

The ability to mark a cell and its descendants genetically so that the resulting cell clone can be distinguished from neighboring cells facilitates studies in animal biology and development. A method of generating clones by inducing homologous mitotic recombination in Drosophila with a site-specific yeast recombinase is described. This method allows for frequent mosaicism after mitotic exchange is induced at predefined sites in the genome.
Locate Hazelnut Axis Based on Projection Gradient Statistics (2019)

The hazelnut should be cracked before it is sold. Presently, the mechanical crack is often adopted to process the hazelnut for food. In order to ensure the crack effect, it needs to manual located the axis of the hazelnuts so that the hazelnuts can be cracked along the axial direction. This paper proposes an innovative method for axial locating of hazelnut based on projection gradient statistics. Firstly the images of the hazelnut on the production line are obtained by industrial camera, and then the edge and contour of hazelnut are extracted according to the difference values of brightness between hazelnut image and the background area. Secondly, an adaptive circle is used to select the optimal projection area. The center of the adaptive circle is set on the center of gravity of the hazelnuts, and the adjustable diameter is analyzed also. The region selected by the adaptive circle in the hazelnut image is projected from different orientations. Finally, the sum of the gradients of each projection histogram is calculated and the axial orientation of the hazelnut is determined based on the statistical values. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the method for the axial recognition of the hazelnut is up to 94.1%, which satisfies the requirements for axial locating of hazelnut in automatic test system.
Delivery of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors in Adult Mammalian Inner-Ear Cell Subtypes Without Auditory Dysfunction (2017)

Hearing loss, including genetic hearing loss, is one of the most common forms of sensory deficits in humans with limited options of treatment. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer has been shown to recover auditory functions effectively in mouse models of genetic deafness when delivered at neonatal stages. However, the mouse cochlea is still developing at those time points, whereas in humans, the newborn inner ears are already fully mature. For effective gene therapy to treat genetic deafness, it is necessary to determine whether AAV-mediated therapy can be equally effective in the fully mature mouse inner ear without causing damage to the inner ear. This study tested several AAV serotypes by canalostomy in adult mice. It is shown that most AAVs transduce the sensory inner hair cells efficiently, but are less efficient at transducing outer hair cells. A subset of AAVs also transduces non-sensory cochlear cell types. Neither the surgical procedure of canalostomy nor the AAV serotypes damage hair cells or impair normal hearing. The studies indicate that canalostomy can be a viable route for safe and efficient gene delivery, and they expand the repertoire of AAVs to target diverse cell types in the adult inner ear.
Overexpression of High-Mobility Group Box 2 Is Associated with Tumor Aggressiveness and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2010)

Our clinical and in vitro data suggest that HMGB2 plays a significant role in tumor development and prognosis of HCC. These results can partly be explained by altered cell proliferations by HMGB2 associated with the antiapoptotic pathway.
Fluoro diphenyldiacetylene and tolane liquid crystals for display applications (1993)

Several fluorinated diphenyldiacetylene and tolane liquid crystals are synthesized and their physical properties evaluated. These liquid crystals exhibit a high resistivity, high birefringence, low viscosity, and modest dielectric anisotropy. Some difluoro compounds show a relatively low melting temperature and small heat fusion enthalpy and are useful for formulating eutectic mixtures. The mixtures consisting of these fluorinated compounds are particularly useful for active matrix, photoactivated light valve, and polymer-dispersed liquid crystal displays.
The immunosuppressive compound 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole inhibits the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction by sequestration of a recirculating subpopulation of T cells. (1996)

2-acetyl-4(5)-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)imidazole (THI) is an immunosuppressive component of caramel food colouring that causes lymphopenia in mice and rats by an unknown mechanism. In this study we investigated some of the affects of THI on the murine immune system. Initially we showed that splenic T lymphocytes from mice treated with 50 mg/l THI in their drinking water were unable to launch a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) against allogeneic stimulator cells, and had decreased and delayed interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. However, these T cells exhibited a normal proliferative response to concanavalin A (Con A), immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 mAb. Furthermore, the MLR response could be restored by the addition of IL-2 to the MLR culture. Homing studies using intravenous injection of fluorescence-labelled splenocytes showed that THI treatment decreased absolute numbers of labelled T and B lymphocytes in the blood and the spleen. Furthermore, these labelled cells reappeared in the blood and the spleen when mice were taken off THI, indicating that lymphocyte recirculation and splenic homing were modified reversibly by THI treatment. Cessation of THI treatment also resulted in a rapid reappearance of MLR responsiveness in the spleen, indicating that THI treatment does not functionally impair recirculating T cells. Collectively these data are compatible with the concept that a rapidly recirculating population of T cells, which produce IL-2 in an allogeneic MLR, are lost from the blood and spleen following THI treatment, and are sequestered in other, yet to be identified, tissues.
The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase selectively regulates p53-dependent apoptosis but not cell-cycle arrest (2000)

DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation (IR) activates p53, leading to the regulation of downstream pathways that control cell-cycle progression and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms for the IR-induced p53 activation and the differential activation of pathways downstream of p53 are unclear. Here we provide evidence that the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) serves as an upstream effector for p53 activation in response to IR, linking DNA damage to apoptosis. DNA-PKcs knockout ( DNA-PKcs −/−) mice were exposed to whole-body IR, and the cell-cycle and apoptotic responses were examined in their thymuses. Our data show that IR induction of apoptosis and Bax expression, both mediated via p53, was significantly suppressed in the thymocytes of DNA-PKcs −/− mice. In contrast, IR-induced cell-cycle arrest and p21 expression were normal. Thus, DNA-PKcs deficiency selectively disrupts p53-dependent apoptosis but not cell-cycle arrest. We also confirmed previous findings that p21 induction was attenuated and cell-cycle arrest was defective in the thymoctyes of whole body-irradiated Atm −/− mice, but the apoptotic response was unperturbed. Taken together, our results support a model in which the upstream effectors DNA-PKcs and Atm selectively activate p53 to differentially regulate cell-cycle and apoptotic responses. Whereas Atm selects for cell-cycle arrest but not apoptosis, DNA-PKcs selects for apoptosis but not cell-cycle arrest.
Ropinirole is effective in the treatment of restless legs syndrome. TREAT RLS 2: A 12‐week, double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled study (2004)

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological condition with significant impact on sleep and quality of life (QoL). This double-blind, randomized, 12-week, multinational study compared the efficacy and safety of ropinirole and placebo in RLS. In total, 267 outpatients with moderate-to-severe RLS were randomly assigned to ropinirole (0.25-4.0 mg/day) or placebo, 1 to 3 hours before bedtime. The primary endpoint was the change in International Restless Legs Scale (IRLS) score at week 12. Key secondary endpoints were the percentage of patients showing significant improvement on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale at week 12 and changes in IRLS and CGI-I scale scores at week 1. Other measures included the Medical Outcomes Study sleep scale and Restless Legs Syndrome Quality of Life questionnaire. Improvements were significantly greater for ropinirole than placebo for change in IRLS score at week 12 (-11.2 [SE 0.76] vs. -8.7 [0.75], respectively; adjusted treatment difference -2.5 [95% confidence interval [CI], -4.6, -0.4], P = 0.0197); all key secondary endpoints; sleep and QoL parameters. Adverse events were typical for dopamine agonists; disease augmentation, although not directly assessed, was not reported during treatment. Ropinirole improves symptoms, associated sleep disturbance, and QoL of RLS patients and is generally well tolerated.
Parallel program visualization using SIEVE.1 (1992)

In this paper we introduce a new model for the design of performance analysis and visualization tools. The system integrates static code analysis, relational database designs and a spreadsheet model of interactive programming. This system provides a general methodology for visualizing parallel program executions by providing correlation to the source program, a convenient method for rapidly developing new visualizations of the program and a framework for performance studies.
A Remote Wavelength Setting Procedure based on Wavelength Sense Random Access (¿-RA) for Power-splitter-based WDM-PON (2006)

We propose a remote wavelength setting procedure to achieve a colorless ONU for a WDM-PON that uses the existing power-splitter-based infrastructure. Issues for this power-splitter-based WDM-PON are clarified and the feasibility is demonstrated.
High Progesterone Receptor Expression Correlates to the Effect of Adjuvant Tamoxifen in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients (2006)

Adjuvant tamoxifen improved recurrence-free and overall survival for premenopausal patients with tumors showing >75% PR-positive nuclei. No effect could be shown in tumors with fewer PR-positive nuclei. The PR was a stronger predictor of treatment response than the ER. Based on these findings, we suggest the implementation of a fractioned rather than dichotomized immunohistochemical evaluation of hormone receptors in clinical practice, possibly with greater emphasis on the PR than the ER.
PlayByPlay (2009)

Collaborative web browsing tasks occur frequently, such as one user showing another how to use a web site, several users working together on a search task, or even one user sending an interesting link to another user. Unfortunately, tools for browsing the web are commonly designed for a single user. PlayByPlay is a general purpose web collaboration tool that uses the communication model of instant messaging to support a variety of collaborative browsing tasks. PlayByPlay also supports collaborative browsing between mobile and desktop users, which we believe is useful for on-the-go scenarios. We conducted user studies of the desktop and mobile versions of PlayByPlay and found the system to be usable and effective.
Testing unmanned aerial vehicle airfoils (2004)

The output of the MHFS is the most sensitive and definitive indicator of the state of the boundary layer and the locations of the various critical aerodynamic flow points and, therefore, serves conveniently as a primary diagnostic tool for boundary-layer flow directed aerodynamic properties for both static and unsteady low-Re airfoils. Caution, however, must be executed to evaluate and minimize the effects of "long" cable length or capacitance deriving from the distant sensor location to the data acquisition system, as frequently encountered in transonic wind tunnel tests. This caution also applies to the lead resistance, maximum sensitivity, change in sensor resistance with temperature and the degradation of the sensor outputs.
Markerless Motion Capture with unsynchronized moving cameras (2009)

In this work we present an approach for markerless motion capture (MoCap) of articulated objects, which are recorded with multiple unsynchronized moving cameras. Instead of using fixed (and expensive) hardware synchronized cameras, this approach allows us to track people with off-the-shelf handheld video cameras. To prepare a sequence for motion capture, we first reconstruct the static background and the position of each camera using Structure-from-Motion (SfM). Then the cameras are registered to each other using the reconstructed static background geometry. Camera synchronization is achieved via the audio streams recorded by the cameras in parallel. Finally, a markerless MoCap approach is applied to recover positions and joint configurations of subjects. Feature tracks and dense background geometry are further used to stabilize the MoCap. The experiments show examples with highly challenging indoor and outdoor scenes.
Room Temperature Water Splitting at the Surface of Magnetite (2011)

An array of surface science measurements has revealed novel water adsorption behavior at the Fe(3)O(4)(001) surface. Following room temperature exposure to water, a low coverage of hydrogen atoms is observed, with no associated water hydroxyl group. Mild annealing of the hydrogenated surface leads to desorption of water via abstraction of surface oxygen atoms, leading to a reduction of the surface. These results point to an irreversible splitting of the water molecule. The observed phenomena are discussed in the context of recent DFT calculations (Mulakaluri, N.; Pentcheva, R.; Scheffler, M. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 11148), which show that the Jahn-Teller distorted surface isolates adsorbed H in a geometry that could kinetically hinder recombinative desorption. In contrast, the adsorption geometry facilitates interaction between water hydroxyl species, which are concluded to leave the surface following a reactive desorption process, possibly via the creation of O(2).
Molecular photochemistry. XXIV. Photocycloaddition of acetone to 1,2-dicyanoethylene (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular photochemistry. XXIV. Photocycloaddition of acetone to 1,2-dicyanoethyleneJ. Christopher Dalton, P. A. Wriede, and Nicholas J. TurroCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 5, 1318–1326Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00708a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00708a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views231Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rapid degradation of extracellular matrix proteins by normal human uroepithelial cells. (1990)

The degradation of subendothelial and smooth muscle matrices by normal and neoplastic uroepithelial cells grown under serum-free conditions was examined. Normal urothelial cells were compared with neoplastic cells derived from a low grade papillary tumor (RT4) and a more invasive carcinoma (EJ). Low levels of degradation were observed with all cell types in serum-free medium alone. Supplementing the medium with plasminogen increased the degradative activity of each cell type. Logarithmically growing normal urothelial cells degraded extracellular matrix proteins 6 to 14 times faster on a per cell basis than their transformed counterparts. Analysis of the residual matrix constituents revealed that, while the levels of glycoprotein breakdown by the normal and neoplastic cells were similar, the normal cells degraded more of the collagen components than the neoplastic cells. Epidermal growth factor and cell density were examined as possible regulators of degradative activity. The neoplastic cells were not responsive to cell density as a regulatory factor and were only slightly responsive to epidermal growth factor. However, epidermal growth factor increased the degradative activity of logarithmically growing normal urothelial cells in the presence of plasminogen and the activity of confluent cells was increased to an even greater extent. Gelatin substrate gel analysis confirmed that the normal urothelial cells elaborated a more diverse set of gelatinases than the tumorigenic cells. Although normal urothelial cells had higher degradative abilities than their malignant counterparts, it is significant that the neoplastic cells were less responsive to regulatory signals in our model system. Thus, loss of regulatory mechanisms for protease secretion and matrix degradation may be a more important determinant of invasive ability in vivo than protease secretion or matrix degradation in vitro.
Grammarless Parsing for Joint Inference (2012)

Many NLP tasks interact with syntax. The presence of a named entity span, for example, is often a clear indicator of a noun phrase in the parse tree, while a span in the syntax can help indicate the lack of a named entity in the spans that cross it. For these types of problems joint inference offers a better solution than a pipelined approach, and yet large joint models are rarely pursued. In this paper we argue this is due in part to the absence of a general framework for joint inference which can efficiently represent syntactic structure. We propose an alternative and novel method in which constituency parse constraints are imposed on the model via combinatorial factors in a Markov random field, guaranteeing that a variable configuration forms a valid tree. We apply this approach to jointly predicting parse and named entity structure, for which we introduce a zero-order semi-CRF named entity recognizer which also relies on a combinatorial factor. At the junction between these two models, soft constraints coordinate between syntactic constituents and named entity spans, providing an additional layer of flexibility on how these models interact. With this architecture we achieve the best-reported results on both CRF-based parsing and named entity recognition on sections of the OntoNotes corpus, and outperform state-of-the-art parsers on an NP-identification task, while remaining asymptotically faster than traditional grammar-based parsers.
Automatic control of lesion size in a simulated model of the eye (1990)

A multiple-layer phantom consisting of a thin absorbing layer sandwiched between two nonabsorbing layers was created to simulate laser-induced thermal lesions in the eye. The nonabsorbing layers consisted of clear egg white, and the thin (20-40- mu m) absorbing layer was created with black spray paint. Heat generated in the absorbing layer during 0.5-10-s argon irradiation was conducted to the adjacent egg white. Sufficient heat produced a region of coagulation that was graphically evidenced by the characteristic whiteness of cooked egg white. Light reflected from the lesion was monitored with a video camera and used as a feedback signal to control irradiation time. The laser irradiation was automatically ended when the diameter of the reflectance parameter related to coagulation thickness reached a preselected value.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diabetes management: current diagnostic criteria, drug therapies, and state legislation. (1997)

The policies, standards, guidelines, and criteria that each member of the healthcare team uses to assist in the delivery of comprehensive healthcare are constantly being defined and redefined. This article has discussed many of those changes as they relate to diabetes management. The entire healthcare team must have a working knowledge of these changes so that they can continue to deliver the best possible care to patients with diabetes. Improvements in quality of life, decreases in mortality and morbidity, and subsequent declines in healthcare costs will benefit both individual patients and society. The profession of pharmacy has realized the need for additional education and training in managing the patient with diabetes. Many colleges of pharmacy, as well as companies in the pharmaceutical industry, are offering diabetes certification and diabetes disease management programs to pharmacists to enhance their ability to manage these patients (Lyons T, Gourley DR, unpublished data, 1997. Similar efforts in diabetes management have been made in other health professions as well, such as nursing.