gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast neutron and mixed (neutron/photon) beam teletherapy for grades III and IV astrocytomas (1978)

A study was performed in order to assess the efficacy of using fast neutron irradiation, either alone or in conjunction with megavoltage photons, in treating Grades III and IV astrocytomas. The study encompasses fifteen patients with Grade III lesions and twenty-two patients with Grade IV lesions. Various fractionation schemes are described. Only one patient is still alive at the present time. Regarding the other patients, the mean survival after completing therapy was 10.8 months for those patients with Grade III lesions and 7.5 months for those patients with Grade IV lesions. Particularly for Grade III lesions, the average survival was appreciably less than that of patients treated with photons alone. The treated patients also had no noticeable improvement in quality of survival when compared with the results of conventional photon irradiation. There was no appreciable difference in survival between the group treated with neutrons alone or with mixed (neutron/photon) irradiation. Autopsy data on fifteen patients showed gross tumor progression in only one instance, and this patient also had liver metastases. In the other fourteen cases, the gross tumor volume was replaced by coagulation necrosis. In general, there were some abnormal cells intermixed with the regions of coagulation. These cells are currently felt to be reactive astrocytes. Both a diffuse gliosis and a white matter demyelination were found in regions far from the tumor volume and this presumably is related to the ultimate cause of death.
Energy, exergy and thermoeconomic analysis of the effects of fossil-fuel superheating in nuclear power plants (1997)

Starting with information from Indian Point 1, a full size nuclear plant with fossil-fuel superheat which was built and operated, this paper examines the effect of superheat on both energy and exergy performance, as well as on the thermoeconomics of such plants. The study finds that adding superheat to the nearly saturated steam generated by water-cooled nuclear reactors increases the amount of power generated by at least 70%, the plant efficiency by at least 16%, the plant effectiveness by at least 6%, and reduces the cost of generated electricity by at least 32%. These costs are competitive with fossil-fuel plant generated electricity. These features make fossil-fuel superheat of nuclear power plants interesting both for new plants and for retrofit of existing nuclear plants. Hardware failures which were experienced during the operation of the Indian Point 1 plant appear to be easily avoidable. The superheater accounts for the major portion of exergy destruction in the system excluding the reactor, with the extraction turbine taking second place, and it appears that optimization of their combination will lead to even better system performance.
The Viscosities of Arabogalactan Solutions (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Viscosities of Arabogalactan SolutionsHarry S. OwensCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 4, 930–932Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01861a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01861a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Occurrence in various mammalian cells and tissues of the Ca 2+ activated protease specific for the intermediate-sized filament proteins vimentin and desmin. (1981)

Several mammalian cell lines propagated in suspension and monolayer culture and some normal and cancerous tissues from rat, hamster and cat were screened for the presence of the Ca 2+ activated protease specific for the intermediate-sized filament protein vimentin. Gel permeation chromatography on Sephacryl S-300 of postnuclear supernatants, and sucrose density gradient centrifugation of extracts from Triton X-100-resistant residual cell structures revealed the presence of the enzyme in all cells and tissues tested. Its apparent molecular weight amounted to 100 000. Except in the cases of a spontaneous rat lung tumour and a rat hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine, most of the enzyme was released into the postnuclear supernatant during cell or tissue extraction, indicating that it is of cytoplasmic origin. There was no correlation between the enzyme level and the vimentin content of cells and tissues. Rat and hamster liver as well as cat kidney, in which vimentin has not been detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were relatively rich in the Ca 2+ activated protease. The experimental results point at the widespread, if not general, occurrence of the enzyme in mammalian cells.
A comparison of theoretical methods of calculation of partition coefficients for selected drugs. (2006)

Hundred ninety three drugs of different pharmacological activity were studied. Lipophilicity of a drug is one of the parameters, which influence its biological activity. The n-octanol-water partition coefficients were calculated for these compounds by use of different theoretical procedures (AlogPs, IAlogP, miLogP, ClogP, logP(Kowwin), and xlogP). Particular theoretical partition coefficients were compared with experimental n-octanol-water partition coefficients (logP(exp)) for all studied drugs. It was shown that experimental partition coefficients correlate the best with theoretical partition coefficients calculated by use of logP(Kowwin) and AlogPs methods. It was shown that it exists the possibility of the prediction of experimental n-octanol-water partition coefficients on the basis of logP(Kowwin), AlogPs, and ClogP for fifteen drugs (adrenalin, clobazam, 5,5-dimethylbarbituric acid, ethyl nicotinate, fluphenazine, ibuprofen, methyllorazepam, pimozide, prednisolone, promethazine, spironolactone, surital, theophylline, triamterene, and trimethoprim).
Asymmetric Activation (2000)

While nonracemic catalysts can generate nonracemic products with or without the nonlinear relationship in enantiomeric excesses between catalysts and products, racemic catalysts inherently give only a racemic mixture of chiral products. Asymmetric catalysts, either in nonracemic or racemic form, can be further evolved into highly activated catalysts with association of chiral activators. This asymmetric activation process is particularly useful in racemic catalysis through selective activation of one enantiomer of the racemic catalyst. Recently, a strategy whereby a racemic catalyst is selectively deactivated by a chiral additive has been reported to yield nonracemic products. However, reported herein is an alternative and conceptually opposite strategy in which a chiral activator selectively activates, rather than deactivates, one enantiomer of a racemic chiral catalyst. The advantage of this activation strategy over the deactivation counterpart is that the activated catalyst can produce a greater enantiomeric excess in the products-even with the use of a catalytic amount of activator relative to chiral catalyst-than that attained by the enantiomerically pure catalyst on its own. Therefore, asymmetric activation could provide a general and powerful strategy for not only the use of atropisomeric, racemic ligands but also chirally flexible and proatropisomeric ligands without enantiomeric resolution!
Localized and systemic scleroderma (2001)

Scleroderma is a broad term encompassing both localized and systemic sclerosis. Localized scleroderma is a cutaneous limited fibrosis that manifests as plaque morphea, generalized morphea, linear scleroderma, and deep morphea. Systemic scleroderma (sclerosis) can manifest as either limited or diffuse disease. Limited systemic sclerosis is typically preceded by Raynaud's phenomenon, involves cutaneous sclerosis distal to the elbows, with gastrointestinal and pulmonary fibrosis, and anticentromere antibody positivity. Diffuse systemic scleroderma is characterized by simultaneous Raynaud's phenomenon, cutaneous skin involvement proximal to the elbow with gastrointestinal, pulmonary, renal and cardiac fibrosis, and positive serology for antitopoisomerase and anti-RNAP III antibodies. This article discusses the classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of the scleroderma.
p-Channel MOSFET's in LPCVD PolySilicon (1983)

p-channel MOSFET's have been fabricated in LPCVD polysilicon. A 5000-Å n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> poly acts as the gate electrode on which a 500-Å thermal oxide is grown to act as the gate insulator. Then a 1500-Å LPCVD polysilicon layer is deposited at 620°C and is subsequently boron doped to form the conductive channel. Devices with channel length as small as 2 µm show well-behaved transistor characteristics. The drive current and leakage current are as suitable for usage as load element in memory applications. At large gate voltages the accumulation hole mobility is 9 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V.s. The drain-to-source breakdown voltage exceeds -20 V.
Acoustic radiation force imaging sonoelastography fornoninvasive staging of liver fbrosis (2009)

ARFI elastography had very good accuracy for the assessment of liver fibrosis and was superior to other noninvasive methods (APRI Index, FibroMax) for staging liver fibrosis.
Valproic acid, in combination with all-<i>trans</i> retinoic acid and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, restores expression of silenced <i>RARβ2</i> in breast cancer cells (2005)

Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes has been established as an important process of carcinogenesis. The retinoic acid (RA) receptor beta2 (RARbeta2) gene is one such tumor suppressor gene often silenced during carcinogenesis. The combined use of histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors has been shown to reverse the epigenetic silencing of numerous growth regulatory genes. Valproic acid (VPA), which has long been used in the treatment of epilepsy, was shown recently to be an effective histone deacetylase inhibitor that can induce differentiation of neoplastically transformed cells. In this study, we show for the first time that VPA, in combination with RA and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza-dC), can overcome the epigenetic barriers to transcription of a prototypical silenced tumor suppressor gene, RARbeta2, in human breast cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that the combination of VPA, RA, and Aza-dC increases histone acetylation at the silenced RARbeta2 promoter of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, reverse transcription-PCR analyses reveal cell type-specific effects in the actions of VPA on RARbeta2 expression in cultured human breast cancer cells. Finally, we show that VPA, in combination with RA and Aza-dC, inhibits the proliferation of both estrogen receptor alpha-positive (MCF-7) and estrogen receptor alpha-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. These data suggest that VPA may ultimately be useful in combination therapies in the treatment of human breast cancers.
Words and pictures in the news (2003)

We discuss the properties of a collection of news photos and captions, collected from the Associated Press and Reuters. Captions have a vocabulary dominated by proper names. We have implemented various text clustering algorithms to organize these items by topic, as well as an iconic matcher that identifies articles that share a picture. We have found that the special structure of captions allows us to extract some names of people actually portrayed in the image quite reliably, using a simple syntactic analysis. We have been able to build a directory of face images of individuals from this collection.
Photolocalized varicella in a middle-aged adult. (1998)

We report a case of photolocalized varicella occurring in a middle-aged woman. Photolocalized or actinic varicella is rarely described, and most reported cases have occurred in children. This is the first case in a middle-aged adult.
Monitoring and diagnostic of transformer solid insulation (2002)

Liberalization of the energy market has put increasing pressure on both electricity producers and distributors for lower costs. Since maintenance is a major expense account, such companies hill be inclined to reduce maintenance budgets. At the same time, increased liability for nondelivered-energy increases the costs of sudden failure of a component. Transformers are such a component; they are often an essential link in the distribution network. In order to reconcile both decreasing maintenance spending and reliable service, condition-based maintenance (CBM) is often proposed. The basis of a successful application of CBM lies in obtaining information on transformers, so that, on the one hand, a critical condition will be noted early enough to take measures and, on the other hand, so that only minimal maintenance is being applied to transformers still in good condition. This paper will review a series of often mentioned techniques in order to assess what the value of this technique will be for CBM and whether it can be used for condition monitoring.
Generation of localized pulses from incoherent wave in optical fiber lines made of concatenated Mamyshev regenerators (2008)

We investigate the novel properties of optical fiber lines made of Mamyshev regenerators (MRs) based on self-phase modulation and subsequent spectral filtering. In particular, we show that such a regenerator line can be used to generate random sequences of optical pulses from an incoherent wave. This behavior is related to the existence of stable eigenpulses that can propagate unchanged through the regenerator line and act as attractors for incoming pulses. By changing the regenerator parameters, we also report the existence of multiple eigenpulses and limit cycles. Finally, we demonstrate that MRs could be used as efficient nonlinear gates in fiber laser cavities.
Lactic acid bacteria differ in their ability to induce functional regulatory T cells in humans (2009)

Some probiotic strains are potent inducers of regulatory cells, while others are not. The clear differences between strains imply that an in vitro characterization of probiotic strains before application is recommended.
Evaluation of the Swedish breeding program for cavalier King Charles spaniels (2010)

A breeding program with the aim of reducing the prevalence of mitral regurgitation (MR) caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) is currently ongoing in Sweden. In this investigation 353 CKCS were selected as a sample of the population and 150 were examined by auscultation for heart murmurs when they reached the age of six years in 2007 and 2009. The aim with this investigation was to study the prevalence of heart murmurs in six-year-old CKCS and to estimate if prevalence has decreased since the breeding program was introduced 2001. The effect of the breeding program was evaluated by comparing the prevalence of heart murmurs in the two groups. In 2007, the prevalence of heart murmurs was 52% (50% for females and 54% for males) and in 2009, the prevalence was 55% (44% for females and 67% for males). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of heart murmurs between 2007 and 2009 (P=0.8). For all six-year-old CKCS, the prevalence of heart murmur was 53% (females 46% and males 61%), which is higher than previous Swedish investigations.
A pre‐operative approach of range of motion simulation and verification for femoroacetabular impingement (2011)

The present study demonstrates a pre-operative approach to virtually simulate and predict the functional hip ROM based on the given bone models. The impingement detection and ROM simulation systems developed may also be used for other orthopedic applications.
Human Leucocyte Urokinase Inhibitor - Purification, Characterization and Comparative Studies Against Different Plasminogen Activators (1985)

A plasminogen activator inhibitor (PA-I) which inhibits primarily plasminogen activator of the urokinase type (u-PA) was isolated from the cytosol of human peripheral leukocytes. The inhibitor was isolated using ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and FPLC. This inhibitor has an apparent molecular weight of 45 kDa, determined by SDS-PAGE, and a pI of 5.5-5.7. The inhibitor is a fast reacting inhibitor, is thermally unstable and is inactivated outside the pH range 7-9. Treatment of cytosol to pH 9 for 30 min at 37 degrees C resulted in a large increase in inhibitory activity. Antibodies against human placental UK-I completely quenched the inhibitory activity of human leucocyte UK-I.
Round-Based Public Transit Routing (Extended Abstract) (2021)

We study the problem of computing all Pareto-optimal journeys in a dynamic public transit network for two criteria: arrival time and number of transfers. Existing algorithms consider this as a graph problem, and solve it using variants of Dijkstra's algorithm. Unfortunately, this leads to either high query times or suboptimal solutions. We take a different approach. We introduce RAPTOR, our novel round-based public transit router. Unlike previous algorithms, it is not Dijkstra-based, looks at each route (such as a bus line) in the network at most once per round, and can be made even faster with simple pruning rules and parallelization using multiple cores. Because it does not rely on preprocessing, RAPTOR works in fully dynamic scenarios. Moreover, it can be easily extended to handle flexible departure times or arbitrary additional criteria, such as fare zones. When run on London's complex public transportation network, RAPTOR computes all Pareto-optimal journeys between two random locations an order of magnitude faster than previous approaches, which easily enables interactive applications. This is an extended abstract of the paper published at ALENEX 2012.
Azacitidine (AZA) Treatment Prolongs Overall Survival (OS) in Higher-Risk MDS Patients Compared with Conventional Care Regimens (CCR): Results of the AZA-001 Phase III Study. (2007)

Abstract Background: A previous CALGB trial (JCO2002;20:2429) showed a positive OS trend with AZA vs best supportive care (BSC) in MDS. The objective of this Phase III, international, multicenter, randomized, prospective trial was to demonstrate the superiority of AZA + BSC for prolonging OS vs CCR + BSC. Design: Higher-risk MDS patients (pts), FAB-defined as RAEB, RAEB-T, or CMML (10–29% marrow blasts) with an IPSS of Int-2 or High by central pathology/cytogenetic review, were enrolled. Before randomization, investigators preselected pts to 1 of 3 CCR: BSC only (transfusions, antibiotics, and G-CSF for neutropenic infection); low-dose ara-C (LDAC, 20 mg/m2/d x 14d, q 28d); or standard chemotherapy (Std CT: conventional induction/consolidation). Pts were stratified by FAB/IPSS and randomized to AZA (75 mg/m2/d x 7d, q 28d) or CCR. This trial did not allow erythropoietin. All analyses used the ITT population. Results: In all, 358 pts (70% male), were randomized at 79 sites to AZA (N=179) or CCR (N=179): BSC only (N=105, 59%), LDAC (N=49, 27%), or Std CT (N=25, 14%). Median age was 69 yrs (38–88) and per treatment (TX): AZA (69 yrs); BSC only (70 yrs); LDAC (71 yrs); and Std CT (65 yrs). The AZA and CCR groups were comparable for baseline (BL) parameters. At BL, 95% of pts were higher risk: RAEB (58%), RAEB-T/WHO AML (34%), CMML (3%), and other (5%). By IPSS, 87% were higher risk: Int-2 (40%), High (47%), and 13% indeterminate/other. AZA was administered for a median of 9 cycles; LDAC for 4 cycles. Median followup for the OS analysis was 21.1 months (mo). AZA demonstrated statistically superior OS vs CCR (stratified log-rank p=0.0001). AZA showed a median Kaplan-Meier (KM) OS time of 24.4 mo vs 15 mo with CCR (Figure). The hazard ratio (HR, Cox Model) was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.77) for a 74% OS improvement. At 2 yrs, there was a 2-fold OS advantage: AZA (51%) vs CCR (26%), 95% CI: 13, 36%, p<0.0001. Differences in OS KM medians (HR; log-rank p) between AZA and BSC, LDAC, and Std CT, respectively, were 12.9 mo (0.55; p=0.0003), 9.1 mo (0.60; p=0.016), and 8.7 mo (0.69; p=0.19). Median OS per IPSS cytogenetic subgroup showed similar results (Table). The 1, 2, and 3-mo survival rates did not differ between AZA and BSC only (p>0.20). AZA was well tolerated with safety data consistent with previous reports. Conclusion: These data confirm and extend previous CALGB findings. This AZA trial is the first MDS clinical study to demonstrate a significant OS advantage, thus altering the natural disease course. AZA should now be considered first-line therapy for higher-risk MDS pts. OS Analyses per IPSS Cytogenetic Group Group % (n/N) Pts AZA Median (Months) CCR Median (Months) HR (95%CI) Log-rank p Good 46 (166/358) Not reached 17.1 0.61 (0.39, 0.96) 0.030 Intermediate 21 (76/358) 26.3 17.0 0.43 (0.21, 0.88) 0.017 Poor 28 (100/358) 17.2 6.0 0.52 (0.32, 0.87) 0.011 Figure Figure
A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Subatmospheric Wound Therapy With a Sealed Gauze Dressing and the Standard Vacuum-Assisted Closure Device (2011)

GSUC is noninferior to VAC with respect to changes in wound volume and surface area in an acute care setting. In addition, GSUC dressings were easier to apply, less expensive, and less painful.
First Total Synthesis of Hunanamycin A (2013)

The first total synthesis of hunanamycin A, an antibiotic natural product with a pyrido[1,2,3-de]quinoxaline-2,3-dione core from a marine-derived Bacillus hunanensis, is disclosed. The present effort provides access to sufficient amounts of scarce hunanamycin A for further biological evaluation and confirmation of the assigned absolute configuration. In addition, four new analogues of the natural product are reported.
The Effect of the World Wide Web on Agency—Advertiser Relationships: Towards A Strategic Framework (1997)

Buffeted by the fragmentation of media and markets, the World Wide Web has started transforming the competitive landscape in the advertising industry. Increasingly, advertising agencies are forced to compete with in-house CIS/MIS departments, public relations agencies and computer graphic studios and boutiques for Web-related accounts. Vis-à-vis the immediacy of the challenge, agencies are forced to either broaden their business horizon to include all aspects of communications or to stay focused on their core business-making advertisements for traditional media. This article examines the possible effects of the World Wide Web on the blurring of boundaries in advertiser- agency performed promotional activities, analyses the similarities in the strategies adopted in the transition from radio to television, and appraises the options which agencies face in adopting the Web.
A Keyword Based Interactive Speech Recognition System for Embedded Applications (2011)

Speech recognition has been an important area of research during the past decades. The usage of automatic speech recognition systems is rapidly increasing among different areas, such as mobile tele ...