gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A memory yield improvement scheme combining built-in self-repair and error correction codes (2012)

Error correction code (ECC) and built-in self-repair (BISR) schemes have been wildly used for improving the yield and reliability of memories. Many built-in redundancy-analysis (BIRA) algorithms and ECC schemes have been reported before. However, most of them focus on either BIRA algorithms or ECC schemes. In this paper, we propose an ECC-Enhanced Memory Repair (EEMR) scheme for yield improvement. Many modern memories are equipped with ECC in addition to BISR. We evaluate the back-end flow that combines both ECC and BIRA to determine whether yield can be improved by proper sequencing of the two steps. We also collect and identify important failure patterns and their distributions from over 100,000 sample memory instances, which are used to enhance the EEMR scheme that incorporates ECC. As ECC is failure pattern sensitive, careful evaluation from realistic failure bitmaps is necessary. We also verify the feasibility of implementing the proposed EEMR scheme by real test data. Experimental results from industrial 4Mb memory instances show that the proposed EEMR scheme gains over 2% instance yield on average, as compared with the traditional scheme. We also investigate the reliability of the EEMR scheme with different ECC specifications and BIRA algorithms.
RFID Technology-based Exploration and SLAM for Search And Rescue (2006)

Robot search and rescue is a time critical task, i.e. a large terrain has to be explored by multiple robots within a short amount of time. The efficiency of exploration depends mainly on the coordination between the robots and hence on the reliability of communication, which considerably suffers under the hostile conditions encountered after a disaster. Furthermore, rescue robots have to generate a map of the environment which has to be sufficiently accurate for reporting the locations of victims to human task forces. Basically, the robots have to solve autonomously in real-time the problem of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). This paper proposes a novel method for real-time exploration and SLAM based on RFID tags that are autonomously distributed in the environment. We utilized the algorithm of Lu and Milios for calculating globally consistent maps from detected RFID tags. Furthermore we show how RFID tags can be used for coordinating the exploration of multiple robots. Results from experiments conducted in the simulation and on a robot show that our approach allows the computationally efficient construction of a map within harsh environments, and coordinated exploration of a team of robots
Security Vulnerabilities, Attacks, Countermeasures, and Regulations of Networked Medical Devices—A Review (2019)

Over the last few years, healthcare administrations have been digitizing their provision of care that led to an increased number of networked medical devices and medical telemetry. Due to such digitization, medical devices have made phenomenal strides in the course of the last half-century. These networked medical devices have enhanced the quality and accessibility of health treatments by achieving pervasive healthcare vision. Moreover, these devices have transformed the canvas of medical treatments and improved the lives of the masses. Such innovation, as a result, assisted in paving the way for reliable healthcare facilities through the introduction of new areas of therapeutic and diagnostic treatments. Medical devices, nowadays, are portable, networked, and capable enough to facilitate human lives. The refined quality and variety of these devices put forward a promising future. However, on the other hand, the healthcare sector is experiencing the greatest amount of security breaches due to the presence of security flaws in medical devices. As these devices are no longer standalone systems and are network-connected, the attack surface has increased profoundly. Actually, devices in practice were designed, developed, and disseminated long ago. Therefore, they were not developed from the ground up with security as a vital design constraint. The flaws present in these devices have acquired the consideration of researchers from both industry and academia. In this paper, we studied security vulnerabilities present in state-of-the-art medical devices by studying security tests and the attacks demonstrated by the researchers on more than a hundred devices. Finally, some state-of-the-art solutions and countermeasures along with applicable regulations in literature were also studied and analyzed. Since these devices are life-critical and can even cause the death of a patient, therefore, this survey is significant as it can assist researchers to get an overview of loopholes present in medical devices and existing countermeasures. We concluded this survey paper with some open research areas that should be properly considered in order to secure these life-critical medical devices.
IL-6 augments the invasiveness of U87MG human glioblastoma multiforme cells via up-regulation of MMP-2 and fascin-1 (2010)

Invasion into adjacent brain parenchyma is the key cause of recurrent human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The role of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the malignant progression of glioma remains undefined. Here, we found that IL-6 promotes the invasion of U87 MG human glioma cells but not in U343 cells. An advanced level of STAT3 activity, and increased expression and secretion of MMP-2, induced by IL-6 in U87 MG cells were observed. Blocking the STAT3 pathway with specific inhibitors of STAT3, JSI-124 or small interfering RNA (siRNA), inhibited the invasion of U87MG promoted by IL-6 with concomitant down-regulation of MMP-2. Furthermore, rapid up-regulation of fascin-1 (a cell motility-related protein) induced by IL-6 was apparent in U87MG cells. However, this up-regulation of fascin-1 was not inhibited by JSI-124 or siRNA. These results suggest that the STAT3 pathway and fascin-1 may play crucial roles in the invasiveness of U87MG cells promoted by IL-6.
Research Article: Extensions to least-cost path algorithms for roadway planning (2003)

Abstract Finding a least-cost-path in a raster data format is a useful function in geographical information systems. However, existing algorithms are often inadequate for practical roadway planning. This paper improves conventional algorithms by including the considerations of spatial distances, anisotropic costs and the presence of bridges and tunnels in the paths. This new algorithm is implemented in JAVA to run with actual remote sensing and DEM data. The experimental results show that this approach produces realistic least-cost paths for practical roadway planning.
Historical Perspectives and Guidelines for Botulinum Neurotoxin Subtype Nomenclature (2017)

Botulinum neurotoxins are diverse proteins. They are currently represented by at least seven serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. New clostridial strains that produce novel neurotoxin variants are being identified with increasing frequency, which presents challenges when organizing the nomenclature surrounding these neurotoxins. Worldwide, researchers are faced with the possibility that toxins having identical sequences may be given different designations or novel toxins having unique sequences may be given the same designations on publication. In order to minimize these problems, an ad hoc committee consisting of over 20 researchers in the field of botulinum neurotoxin research was convened to discuss the clarification of the issues involved in botulinum neurotoxin nomenclature. This publication presents a historical overview of the issues and provides guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin subtype nomenclature in the future.
Successful single-dose prophylaxis of Staphylococcus aureus foreign body infections in guinea pigs by fleroxacin (1990)

Single-dose administration of fleroxacin was evaluated as a means of preventing foreign body infection due to staphylococci. Tissue cages were implanted into guinea pigs and subsequently infected (100% rate) with 10(2) or more CFU of Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46. When a single dose of 30 mg of fleroxacin or vancomycin per kg of body weight was administered intraperitoneally, bactericidal levels of the antimicrobial agent were found in the tissue cage fluid after 3 h (when guinea pigs were inoculated with S. aureus) and during the next 24 h. Either fleroxacin or vancomycin successfully prevented experimental infection in all tissue cages challenged by 10(2) CFU of S. aureus Wood 46. When tissue cages were challenged with 10(4) CFU of S. aureus Wood 46, however, fleroxacin was more effective than vancomycin (P less than 0.05) in reducing colony counts below the detection limit of 10 CFU/ml in the inflammatory fluid of all tissue cages during the initial 48 h. In contrast to their initially different actions, the effects of the antibiotics were similar after 7 days, mostly because bacterial regrowth occurred more frequently in the fleroxacin-treated than in the vancomycin-treated tissue cages. These data show that experimental infections of subcutaneous tissue cages are a useful model for studying the prophylaxis of foreign body infections with antimicrobial agents.
The case for 'Benevolent' mobile apps (2015)

Some companies' smartphone apps focus on pushing product sales. However, benevolent apps that build trust by providing consumers with valuable information can improve users image of a brand and increase their willingness to purchase a company's products. Whereas push apps, such as those offered by companies including Staples, Dominos Pizza and Zappos, are designed to generate sales and promote special deals to customers, benevolent apps offer services that aren't directly tied to sales but are designed to help customers solve problems or make decisions. A good example of a company that does this is Sea Tow Service International, headquartered in Southold, New York, which provides emergency towing and rescue services for boaters in the United States, the Caribbean and Europe. In this article the authors describe a Mobile App Benevolence Spectrum; show that benevolent apps can increase brand image, trust, consideration, preference and purchase intent; and examine the managerial implications of benevolent apps in a company's new media mix
Clinical evidence for the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, and the management of patients with colorectal adenomas. (2000)

A large body of clinical evidence supports the belief that over 95% of colorectal cancers arise in benign adenomatous polyps that develop and grow very slowly over many years. Interruption of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence by resecting adenomatous polyps is a powerful method of secondary prevention of colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy is the procedure of choice for the diagnosis and resection of colorectal polyps. Patients who have had colonoscopic resection of adenomas, and in some cases their close relatives, are at increased risk for developing metachronous polyps and cancer and may benefit from follow-up colonoscopic surveillance. This surveillance should be individually tailored to the perceived risk of each case depending on the features of the adenomas removed and other patient factors such as family history. Widespread adoption of current postpolypectomy guideline recommendations is protective and conserves medical resources.
Plasma free reversible and irreversible microfluidic bonding (2016)

We demonstrate a facile, plasma free process to fabricate both reversibly and irreversibly sealed microfluidic chips using a PDMS-based adhesive polymer mixture. This is a versatile method that is compatible with current PDMS microfluidics processes. It allows for easier fabrication of multilayer microfluidic devices and is compatible with micropatterning of proteins for cell culturing. When combined with our Shrinky-Dink microfluidic prototyping, complete microfluidic device fabrication can be performed without the need for any capital equipment, making microfluidics accessible to the classroom.
Detection of lines and boundaries in speckle images-application to medical ultrasound (1999)

This paper describes an approach to boundary detection in ultrasound speckle based on an image enhancement technique. The enhancement algorithm works by filtering the image with "sticks," short line segments which are varied in orientation to achieve the maximum projected value at each point. The statistical properties of this approach have been described in an earlier paper; in this work we present three significant extensions to improve the performance of the basic method. First, we investigate the effect of varying the size and shape of the sticks. We show that these variations affect the performance of the algorithm in very fundamental ways, for example by making it more or less sensitive to thinner or more tightly curving boundaries. Second, we present a means of improving the performance of this technique by estimating the distribution function of the orientation of the line passing through each point. Finally, we show that images can be "stained" for easier visual interpretation by applying to each pixel a false color whose hue is related to the orientation of the most prominent line segment at that point. Examples are given to illustrate the performance of the different settings on a single image.
Photochemistry of substituted cyclic enones. Part 2. 5-[Prop-2-enyl]cyclopentenones (1980)

The preparation of 5-(prop-2-enyl)-3,4,4-, and-2,4,4-trimethylcyclopentenones is described. Both isomers undergo an intramolecular Eaton–de Mayo photochemical reaction to give the appropriate trimethyltricyclo[3,2,1,03.6]octan-2-ones. The reaction appears to proceed via a singles excited state.The tricyclo-octanones can be oxidised under Baeyer–Villiger conditions to afford the expected lactones, and the 6,7,7-trimethyl isomer on treatment with acid gives 6-exo-7,7-trimethylbicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-one. The 3,7,7-trimethyl ketone has been reduced to the corresponding alcohol. Quantitative europium-shift measurements have been used to determine the structure of these compounds.
Malware analysis reverse engineering (MARE) methodology & malware defense (M.D.) timeline (2010)

Currently there exist no formal or structured method for analyzing malware, the implications of a hodgepodge method leads to inconsistencies and incomplete findings of analyzed malware. Malware Analysis and Reverse Engineering (MARE) is a methodology that introduces a structured approach to malware analysis. A structured approach leads to a more consistent and complete analysis report. The MARE methodology is designed to take a malware analyst from the moment of detecting malware to the end of fully grasping the analyzed malware's full functionality and capabilities. The MARE methodology presents helpful tools and more importantly, a structured process flow to help analyst better understand how to analyze malware. The Malware Defense (M.D.) timeline maps out our ultimate research goal and presents where we are currently at in reaching that goal - eliminate the threat of malware. Finally, the applicability of MARE to the judicial system and teaching is discussed.
GMP Production and Scale-Up of Adherent Neural Stem Cells with a Quantum Cell Expansion System (2018)

Cell-based therapies hold great promise for a myriad of clinical applications. However, as these therapies move from phase I to phase II and III trials, there is a need to improve scale-up of adherent cells for the production of larger good manufacturing practice (GMP) cell banks. As we advanced our neural stem cell (NSC)-mediated gene therapy trials for glioma to include dose escalation and multiple treatment cycles, GMP production using cell factories (CellStacks) generated insufficient neural stem cell (NSC) yields. To increase yield, we developed an expansion method using the hollow fiber quantum cell expansion (QCE) system. Seeding of 5.2 × 10<sup>7</sup> NSCs in a single unit yielded up to 3 × 10<sup>9</sup> cells within 10 days. These QCE NSCs showed genetic and functional stability equivalent to those expanded by conventional flask-based methods. We then expanded the NSCs in 7 units simultaneously to generate a pooled GMP-grade NSC clinical lot of more than 1.5 × 10<sup>10</sup> cells in only 9 days versus 8 × 10<sup>9</sup> over 6 weeks in CellStacks. We also adenovirally transduced our NSCs within the QCE. We found the QCE system enabled rapid cell expansion and increased yield while maintaining cell properties and reducing process time, labor, and costs with improved efficiency and reproducibility.
Systematic Modification of Parity-Check Matrices for Efficient Encoding of LDPC Codes (2007)

An algorithm for efficient encoding of LDPC codes is presented that does not impose any restrictions on the construction of the parity-check matrices. The algorithm modifies the parity check matrix, without changing the subspace spanned by its rows, by removing linear dependent rows and adding a small number of new rows such that the graph-based message-passing encoder will not get stuck in a stopping set. The added rows are designed by a new algorithm which is based on the notion of the "key set". The encoder exploits the sparseness of the parity-check matrix, and the encoding complexity grows almost linear with the blocksize, because the number of added rows, which may not be sparse, is relatively small.
Spectrally resolved Rayleigh scattering diagnostic for hydrogen-oxygen rocket plume studies (1992)

A Rayleigh scattering diagnostic has been developed to measure gas density, temperature, and velocity in the exhaust plume of 100 N thrust class hydrogen-oxygen rockets. The spectrum of argon-ion laser light scattered by the gas molecules in the plume (predominantly water vapor) is measured with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer. The gas density is determined from the total scattered power, the gas temperature from the spectral width, and the velocity from the shift in the peak of the spectrum from the frequency of the incident laser light. The diagnostic has been demonstrated in a rocket test cell and a discussion of results is given.
Intercomparison of the effective areas of a pneumatic piston gauge determined by different techniques (1993)

A variety of primary measurement techniques is available for the measurement of pressure to 1 MPa and above. To ascertain the systematic uncertainty, it is best to perform direct intercomparisons of primary instruments. When direct intercomparison is not possible, one can use a highly stable, reproducible transfer artifact such as a simple piston gauge. Such intercomparisons are described, utilizing a piston gauge calibrated by a mercury manometer (with 0.1 MPa full-scale pressure), four large diameter 'dimensional' piston gauges from two different manufacturers (all with 1 MPa full-scale pressure), and a controlled clearance piston gauge (with 7 MPa full-scale pressure).
Northern Star shines brightly (2013)

Northern Star Ltd posted record profits for the 2013 financial year: the company's after tax profit of $28.3 million was 30% higher than the previous year.
α- AND β-ADRENOCEPTORS IN THE DETRUSOR MUSCLE AND BLADDER BASE OF THE PIG AND β-ADRENOCEPTORS IN THE DETRUSOR MUSCLE OF MAN (1979)

1 The presence and type of adrenoceptors in the smooth muscle of the pig and human urinary bladder was assessed on the basis of the relative potency of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists.2 In isolated, carbachol-contracted bladder strips from the pig detrusor muscle the relaxing potency of isoprenaline was four times that of salbutamol and ritodrine and thirty times that of noradrenaline.3 Propranolol caused a parallel shift to the right of the noradrenaline dose-response curve which was not changed by phentolamine.4 Propranolol and butoxamine showed, in contrast to practolol, a dose-dependent antagonism of the response to isoprenaline. A pA(2) value of 9.2 +/- 0.2 and 6.8 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- s.e. mean) for the first two antagonists was calculated.5 In the bladder base of the pig, propranolol caused a parallel shift to the right and phentolamine a shift to the left of the dose-response curve to noradrenaline.6 In the human detrusor muscle the potency and maximum effect of isoprenaline and salbutamol were less than those in the pig detrusor muscle. The potency of isoprenaline was sixty times that of salbutamol.7 Whereas a parallel shift to the right of the dose-response curve to isoprenaline was obtained with propranolol, no antagonism was obtained with butoxamine or practolol.8 The results are interpreted as indicating the presence of beta(2)-adrenoceptors in the detrusor muscle of the pig and beta-adrenoceptors with neither beta(1)- nor beta(2)-characteristics in the detrusor muscle of man. An indication of the presence of alpha-adrenoceptors in the bladder base but not in the detrusor muscle of the pig was obtained.
Genital tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis fails to induce protective immunity in gamma interferon receptor-deficient mice despite a strong local immunoglobulin A response (1997)

CD4+ T cells have been found to play a critical role in immune protection against Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Since both humoral and cell-mediated antichlamydial immunity have been implicated in host protection, the crucial effector functions provided by the CD4+ T cells may rely on Th1 or Th2 functions or both. In the present study, we evaluated the development of natural immunity following vaginal infection with C. trachomatis serovar D in female gamma interferon receptor-deficient (IFN-gammaR-/-) mice with a disrupted Th1 effector system. We found that in comparison with wild-type mice, the IFN-gammaR-/- mice exhibited a severe ascending primary infection of prolonged duration which stimulated almost 10-fold-stronger specific local immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG responses in the genital tract. Following resolution of the primary infection and despite the augmented antibody responses to chlamydiae, the IFN-gammaR-/- mice were completely unprotected against reinfection, suggesting that local antibodies play a subordinate role in host protection against chlamydial infection. Immunohistochemical analysis of frozen sections of the genital tract revealed many CD4+ T cells in the IFN-gammaR-/- mice, with a dominance of interleukin 4-containing cells in mice following resolution of the secondary infection. However, in contrast to the findings with wild-type mice, the typical clusters of CD4+ T cells were not found in the IFN-gammaR-/- mice. Few and similarly distributed CD8+ T cells were observed in IFN-gammaR-/- and wild-type mice. Whereas chlamydia-infected macrophages from wild-type mice had no inclusion bodies (IB) and produced significant amounts of nitric oxide (NO) in the presence of IFN-gamma, macrophages from IFN-gammaR-/- mice contained many IB but no NO. These results indicate that CD4+ Th1 cells and IFN-gamma, rather than local antibodies, are critical elements in host immune protection stimulated by a natural ascending C. trachomatis infection in the female genital tract.
Understanding and Optimization of Pulsed SET Operation in HfO<sub>x</sub>-Based RRAM Devices for Neuromorphic Computing Applications (2018)

We use experiments and device simulations to investigate pulsed SET operation of HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based RRAM devices for their possible use as electronic synapses. The application of a train of identical pulses only allows for an abrupt change of the device current, which is not suitable for synaptic devices. By using simulations, we link the microscopic properties and changes of the conductive filament during the pulsed operation to the measured conductance and its dependence on pulse voltage, width, and number. The results allow us to derive guidelines that we use to design optimized SET pulses (or pulse trains) allowing extending the conventional binary operation of HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based RRAMs to the multi-level cell operation required by electronic synapses.