gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient implementation of primary synchronisation signal detection in 3GPP LTE downlink (2010)

In 3GPP long-term evolution (LTE), the Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence is employed as the downlink primary synchronisation signal (PSS). A property of the ZC sequence is brought forward to simplify ZC sequence related computation, namely that the number of distinct elements in a ZC sequence with its length P satisfying P=sm2 (s and m are primers) is no greater than one third of its length (this ratio is about one fourth when it comes to the PSS of 3GPP LTE). An efficient PSS detector (matched filter) is proposed based on this property and it saves up to 63.46% constant complex multiplications.
Catalytic Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines: A Possible Explanation for the Woschni Effect in Thermally-Insulated Diesel Engines. (1996)

Abstract : This report describes research undertaken to determine if catalytic combustion effects occur with the use of zirconia (ZrOsub2) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), or other coatings, in diesel engines, and if so, whether these effects have significant impact upon engine combustion, fuel economy, or pollutant emissions. A simple furnace system was used to identify catalytic combustion effects in the ignition and combustion of propane/air mixtures over catalyst-doped m-ZrOsub2 spheres. Three classes of catalysts were examined: zirconia-stabilizing oxides (CeOsub2, Ysub2Osub3, MgO), transition metal oxides (Cosub3Osub4, Crsub2Osub3, Fesub2O3), and noble metals (Pt). Each class exhibited characteristic combustion effects, with the ignition temperature increasing, e.g., from approximately 2000 deg C for Pt to 5500 deg C for the stabilizing oxides. The results suggest that the Woschni effect, a controversial phenomenon wherein thermal-insulating measures are postulated to actually increase heat transfer from the diesel combustion chamber, may be only a manifestation of catalytic combustion. Previous research on catalytic combustion in internal combustion engines is briefly reviewed and discussed. An earlier version of this report is to be published in J. Surface and Coatings Technology as 'Catalytic Combustion Effects on m-ZrOsub2 Doped with Various Metal Nitrates.'
Formation of graphite nanocones using metal nanoparticles as plasma etching masks (2004)

Arrays of graphite nanocones were fabricated by oxygen-plasma etching of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). As it turned out gold nanoparticles, which were deposited by immersing HOPG samples pretreated with 3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane into colloidal gold solutions, were very efficient for the self-aligned formation of graphite nanocones; the density of nanocones were found comparable with that of gold nanoparticles deposited on HOPG surfaces. We were able to control the shapes and sizes of nanocones by manipulating the plasma-etching parameters such as plasma power and etching time. In particular, nanopillars were formed using high plasma-etching power together with relatively short etching time. Graphite nanocones showed a potential to be good electron-emitters. The emission from the graphite nanocone arrays was turned on at 2.3 V/μm, and the emission current from the area of 6 mm diameter reached the level of 100 μA.
Waste generation reduction - nitrates. Comprehensive report of denitrification technologies (1986)

A five-year denitrification technology development program has been conducted at the Rocky Flats Plant and has identified several promising denitrification methods. DOE sites were first surveyed to determine nitrate waste generation rates, inventory and regulatory concerns. The need for processes to handle this waste category was evident, both from the survey results and comments of site operations. The denitrification methods identified are classified as thermal, aqueous and biological; physical disposal is also discussed. Thermal processes were demonstrated to destroy the nitrates with the creation of less than 500 ppM NO/sub x/ as a by-product. Studies were performed on a molten salt destructor, a high temperature fluid wall reactor (HTFWR), a glass furnace, a plasma arc furnace, laser excitation and microwave heating. A preliminary design and cost estimate report was prepared for a one million kilogram-per-year process for denitrification using the HTFWR. Monsanto Research Corporation-Mound published a report of their glass furnace denitrification efforts. An aqueous process consisting of formic acid and sulfuric acid reflux was developed which converts the nitrate to other forms, but results in slightly elevated NO/sub x/ emissions. Biodenitrification was developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and is in production use at Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant. Resultsmore » and conclusions on the program are discussed. 17 refs., 10 figs., 26 tabs.« less
Protonic Conduction in Oxides at Elevated Temperatures and Their Possible Applications (2000)

Protonic conduction in oxide ceramics under hydrogen-containing atmosphere at elevated temperatures is reviewed with respect to oxide materials, their electrochemical properties, conduction mechanism and possible applications. These oxides are unique in respect of the fact that they have no protons as a host component, but incorporate protons via reactions with the atmosphere. The materials of this class are some perovskite-type oxides and other oxides which contain crystal defects. Defect equilibria for proton formation in these kinds of oxides are discussed citing some experimental results. Possible electrochemical devices using proton conducting ceramics are briefly introduced.
Integrated Internet collaboration (2003)

The last four years have brought tremendous advances in software applications, software tools, and software systems for modernizing, consolidating, and coordinating an enterprise's computer applications. Many companies have existing legacy applications and databases and want to continue to use them while adding or migrating to a new set of applications that exploit the Internet, e-commerce, Intranet, remote collaboration, independence from operating systems, and other new technologies. They should be able to do this because the new software tools have orders of magnitude more functionality than mid-1990s software applications that relied on Xwindows, some mathematical libraries, and a compiler. The built-in network communications, remote collaboration support, database support, and 3D and 2D graphic libraries give programmers the power to create industrial strength solutions that integrate all these new technologies in a specific application—for example, a data-processing or depth-imaging system.
The Noise Generating and Suppressing Characteristics of Bio-Inspired Rough Surfaces (2014)

It is hypothesized that the structure of the down covering the flight feathers of larger species of owls contributes to their ability to fly almost silently at frequencies above 1.6kHz. Microscope photographs of the down show that it consists of hairs that form a structure similar to that of a forest. The hairs initially rise almost perpendicular to the feather surface but then bend over in the flow direction to form a canopy with an open area ratio of about 70%. Experiments have been performed to examine the noise radiated by vertical filaments and by a large open area ratio canopy suspended above a surface. The canopy is found to dramatically reduce pressure fluctuations on the underlying surface, in a manner that is found to be consistent with the theory of flows over and through vegetation. While the canopy can produce its own sound, particularly at high frequencies, the reduction in surface pressure fluctuations can reduce the noise scattered from an underlying rough surface at lower frequencies. Theoretical studies are also being performed to look at the noise radiating/suppressing characteristics associated with the flexibility of the hairs, and to examine the extent to which the aeroacoustics of the down can be modeled by treating it as a porous layer.
A 57-to-64-GHz 0.094-mm<sup>2</sup>5-bit Passive Phase Shifter in 65-nm CMOS (2015)

This paper presents the design of a compact 60-GHz phase shifter that provides a 5-bit digital phase control and 360° phase range for beam-forming systems. The phase shifter is designed using the proposed cross-coupled bridged T-type topology and switched-varactor reflective-type topology. The topologies are analyzed using a small-signal equivalent circuit model. Furthermore, the design equations are derived and investigated. To validate the theoretical analysis, 60-GHz 5-bit 360° phase shifters are designed in a commercial 65-nm CMOS technology. The fabricated 360° phase shifter features good performance of 32 phase states from 57 to 64 GHz with an rms phase error of 4.4°, a total insertion loss of 14.3 ± 2 dB, an rms gain error of 0.5 dB, P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> dB of better than 9.5 dBm, and the power consumption of almost zero. To the best of our knowledge, the designed 360° phase shifter with the size of 0.094 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is the smallest 5-bit passive phase shifter at frequencies around 60 GHz.
Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide (2011)

In a two-dimensional carbon system for graphene (GP), three carbon electrons in four hybridized bonding electrons (2s12px12py12pz1) form strong in-plane sp2 bonds consisting of a honeycomb structure, and a fourth electron spreads out over the top or bottom of the layer as a π electron. The π electrons play an important role in the coupling interactions of multilayered GPs. A two-dimensionally spread C=C resonance structure and the hybridized electrons confined in GP are directly related to graphene’s unique characteristics, such as its ballistic electron conduction, high thermal conduction, and high mechanical strength (Geim & Novoselov, 2007; Lee et al., 2008). These fundamental properties have been well studied using high-quality graphene produced by the “top-down” physical exfoliation (McAllister et al., 2007) and solvation-assisted exfoliation of graphite (Lotya et al., 2009) and GP thin films produced using chemical vapor deposition (Kim et al., 2009; Obraztsov, 2009). Meanwhile, thermally reduced GP from graphene oxide (GO) (Gao et al., 2009; Jeong et al., 2009), produced from graphite using various chemical oxidation routes (Brodie, 1859; Hummers & Offerman, 1958; Hirata et al., 2004), has attracted considerable attention as a potential material for use in various industrial applications such as photovoltaic cells, capacitors, sensors, and transparent electrodes (Geim & Novoselov, 2007; Stoller et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2009). This is because of not only its potential in significantly lowering the cost of mass-produced graphene but also the simple, nonchemical, thermal conversion of GO powder or film to GP powder or film, respectively (Titelman et al., 2005; (a) Jeong et al., 2009; (b)). However, the thermal reduction of GO is a very complex phenomenon because of the thermal-energy-induced multistep removal processes of intercalated H2O molecules and oxide groups of –COOH (carboxyl group), –OH (hydroxyl group), and >O (epoxy group). It should be noted that in chemical reduction, individual GO sheets in the solution phase are chemically reduced by the strong chemical base (Titelman et al., 2005; Ju et al., 2010). Therefore, the thermal reduction of GO and resultant GP needs to be studied in great detail. In this research, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to probe the temperature-dependent evolution of the interlayer distance (d002) of GO/GP films and powders within temperature ranges of room temperature (RT) to 1000°C and RT to 2000°C, respectively. XRD results show a detailed thermal reduction of GO with the removal of intercalated H2O molecules and oxide groups, defect formation, lattice contraction and exfoliation mechanisms of the GO/GP sheets, the folding and unfolding of the GO/GP layers, and a bottom-up layer stacking toward bulk graphite.
Genome Wide Analysis of Narcolepsy in China Implicates Novel Immune Loci and Reveals Changes in Association Prior to Versus After the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic (2013)

Previous studies in narcolepsy, an autoimmune disorder affecting hypocretin (orexin) neurons and recently associated with H1N1 influenza, have demonstrated significant associations with five loci. Using a well-characterized Chinese cohort, we refined known associations in TRA@ and P2RY11-DNMT1 and identified new associations in the TCR beta (TRB@; rs9648789 max P = 3.7 × 10(-9) OR 0.77), ZNF365 (rs10995245 max P = 1.2 × 10(-11) OR 1.23), and IL10RB-IFNAR1 loci (rs2252931 max P = 2.2 × 10(-9) OR 0.75). Variants in the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)- DQ region were associated with age of onset (rs7744020 P = 7.9×10(-9) beta -1.9 years) and varied significantly among cases with onset after the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic compared to previous years (rs9271117 P = 7.8 × 10(-10) OR 0.57). These reflected an association of DQB1*03:01 with earlier onset and decreased DQB1*06:02 homozygosity following 2009. Our results illustrate how genetic association can change in the presence of new environmental challenges and suggest that the monitoring of genetic architecture over time may help reveal the appearance of novel triggers for autoimmune diseases.
Racemic drug resolution: a comprehensive guide (2016)

The human body is amazingly chirally selective, and consequently enantiopure drugs are essential for treating disease. Nowadays, market approval of enantiopure drugs has increased exponentially whereas it has tremendously decreased for racemic and achiral drugs.
Multiple Novel Inhibitors of the NorA Multidrug Transporter of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1999)

The multidrug transporter NorA contributes to the resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to fluoroquinolone antibiotics by promoting their active extrusion from the cell. Previous studies with the alkaloid reserpine, the first identified inhibitor of NorA, indicate that the combination of a chemical NorA inhibitor with a fluoroquinolone could improve the efficacy of this class of antibiotics. Since reserpine is toxic to humans at the concentrations required to inhibit NorA, we sought to identify new inhibitors of NorA that may be used in a clinical setting. Screening of a chemical library yielded a number of structurally diverse inhibitors of NorA that were more potent than reserpine. The new inhibitors act in a synergistic manner with the most widely used fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin, by substantially increasing its activity against both NorA-overexpressing and wild-type S. aureus isolates. Furthermore, the inhibitors dramatically suppress the emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus upon in vitro selection with this drug. Some of these new inhibitors, or their derivatives, may prove useful for augmentation of the antibacterial activities of fluoroquinolones in the clinical setting.
Placebo-controlled comparison of the effects of nebivolol and low-dose hydrochlorothiazide as monotherapies and in combination on blood pressure and lipid profile in hypertensive patients. (1994)

The effects of nebivolol, a new beta-blocker with vasodilating properties, and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) as monotherapies and in combination on BP and plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were compared with placebo in a parallel 3 x 4 factorial design study. After an eight week wash-out period, 240 patients with primary hypertension were randomised to receive either placebo, nebivolol 1, 5 or 10 mg, HCTZ 12.5 or 25 mg or one of the six possible combinations of nebivolol and HCTZ. Twenty patients were assigned to each of the 12 parallel groups. After 12 weeks of treatment, there was a significant dose-related reduction in BP among all active treatment groups. Apart from a slight and isolated increase in triglycerides with HCTZ 12.5 mg, lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels as well as lipoprotein and apolipoprotein ratios were not significantly modified by 12 week active treatments when compared with placebo treatment. The results of this multifactorial study with 12 small sample size groups, suggest that nebivolol as monotherapy and in combination with HCTZ does not cause deleterious effects on the lipid profile.
A survey of provably correct fault-tolerant clock synchronization techniques (1988)

Six provably correct fault-tolerant clock synchronization algorithms are examined. These algorithms are all presented in the same notation to permit easier comprehension and comparison. The advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques are examined and issues related to the implementation of these algorithms are discussed. The paper argues for the use of such algorithms in life-critical applications.
Disulfide bond as peptide-resin linkage in Boc-Bzl SPPS, for potential biochemical applications. (1992)

Use of disulfide bonds for labile linkage in solid-phase peptide synthesis was investigated using polyacrylic polymers (Expansin). Three bifunctional disulfide handles were synthesized for the introduction of disulfide linkage to the synthesis support. This work showed that only N-Boc aminoethyl 2-propionic acid and N-Boc aminoethyl 2-isobutyric acid were fully compatible with Boc/Bzl peptide synthesis and trifluoromethane sulfonic acid side-chain protection. Qualitative and quantitative synthesis results were comparable to those obtained by conventional peptide synthesis using polyacrylic resins. The resulting peptidyl-resins, which swelled in water or aqueous buffers, may be suitable for various biochemical applications, including use as peptide-resin conjugates for antibody production. Thiolysis by aqueous dithiothreitol released mercapto amide peptides suitable for various uses in solution (e.g., direct coupling with activated protein carrier, specific labeling in the mercapto amide group). Partial thiolysis of the disulfide linkage allowed easy post-synthetic adjustment of the peptide loading of peptidyl-resins.
Tricyclic aryl-substituted anticoccidial azauracils (1978)

Syntheses of tricyclic aryl-substituted 6-azauracils are described. These compounds showed anticoccidial activity when tested against Eimeria tenella and E. necatrix. Compound activity was correlated with the chemical shift of the azauracil ring proton. No correlation existed between activity and compound lipophilicity. One of the compounds, 2-(11-oxo-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin-3yl)-as-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione (23), was tested extensively against E. tenella and E. brunetti both in vivo and in vitro. Compound 23 controlled mortality due to E. tenella at 62 ppm, and it afforded protection as measured by weight gain at 31 ppm. Compound 23 afforded little protection against E. brunetti. In vitro experiments with 23 showed that it exerted a coccidiostatic effect.
High-mobility thin InSb films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2004)

The problem of preparing high-mobility thin InSb films is revisited for magnetoresistive and spintronic sensor applications. We introduce a growth process that significantly improves the electrical properties of thin unintentionally doped InSb layers (60–300 nm) epitaxially grown on GaAs(100) substrates by reducing the density of dislocations within the interfacial layer. The epilayer properties are well described by a differential two-layer model. This model confirms that the contribution of the interface can only be donor-like. Moreover, the electrical properties of the InSb layers change continuously away from the interface up to sample thickness of the order of 1 μm.
Cooperative caching algorithm based on grouping nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (2010)

This paper investigates cooperative caching in mobile ad hoc networks. The network topology is partitioned into groups based on the physical network proximity. A cooperative caching algorithm based on grouping node is presented, which considers the query access frequency, the energy consumption of nodes, changeable topology of nodes, and the data updating of nodes. In order to select the data items to be cached effectively, a caching cost estimation model is also presented. Simulation experimental results show that the caching algorithm achieves significant improvements in cache hit ratio and average query processing time in comparison with other caching strategies. Furthermore, the caching algorithm not only greatly decreases energy cost of a query but also adapts to characteristics of Ad Hoc wireless networks, including multi hop communication and dynamically changing topology.
A Unified View of Localized Kernel Learning (2016)

Multiple Kernel Learning, or MKL, extends (kernelized) SVM by attempting to learn not only a classifier/regressor but also the best kernel for the training task, usually from a combination of existing kernel functions. Most MKL methods seek the combined kernel that performs best over every training example, sacrificing performance in some areas to seek a global optimum. Localized kernel learning (LKL) overcomes this limitation by allowing the training algorithm to match a component kernel to the examples that can exploit it best. Several approaches to the localized kernel learning problem have been explored in the last several years. We unify many of these approaches under one simple system and design a new algorithm with improved performance. We also develop enhanced versions of existing algorithms, with an eye on scalability and performance.
Operating system profiling via latency analysis (2006)

Operating systems are complex and their behavior depends on many factors. Source code, if available, does not directly help one to understand the OS's behavior, as the behavior depends on actual workloads and external inputs. Runtime profiling is a key technique to prove new concepts, debug problems, and optimize performance. Unfortunately, existing profiling methods are lacking in important areas---they do not provide enough information about the OS's behavior, they require OS modification and therefore are not portable, or they incur high overheads thus perturbing the profiled OS.We developed OSprof: a versatile, portable, and efficient OS profiling method based on latency distributions analysis. OSprof automatically selects important profiles for subsequent visual analysis. We have demonstrated that a suitable workload can be used to profile virtually any OS component. OSprof is portable because it can intercept operations and measure OS behavior from user-level or from inside the kernel without requiring source code. OSprof has typical CPU time overheads below 4%. In this paper we describe our techniques and demonstrate their usefulness through a series of profiles conducted on Linux, FreeBSD, and Windows, including client/server scenarios. We discovered and investigated a number of interesting interactions, including scheduler behavior, multi-modal I/O distributions, and a previously unknown lock contention, which we fixed.
High-level executable specification of the universal plug and play architecture (2003)

Recently, Microsoft took the lead in the development of a standard for peer-to-peer network connectivity of various intelligent appliances, wireless devices and PCs. It is called the Universal Plug and Play Device Architecture (UPnP). We construct a high-level abstract state machine (ASM) model for UPnP using AsmL. AsmL is an advanced ASM-based executable specification language that has been developed at Microsoft Research. It provides a modern specification environment that is object-oriented and component-based. AsmL is integrated into Microsoft Visual Studio, Word and COM.
Effects of Rare Earth Oxides on Sintering of Alumina (1979)

アルミナの焼結に対する希土類酸化物 (Y2O3, La2O3, Sm2O3, Er2O3) 添加の影響を, 収縮率の測定や微構造の観察から検討した. いずれの希土類酸化物も1500℃までの昇温過程ではち密化を阻害するが, 1500℃で保持した場合には, Sm2O3とEr2O3は焼結を促進し, Y2O3とLa2O3は焼結を妨げた. また, 1700℃以上の焼成温度ではいずれの希土類酸化物もアルミナのち密化を促進し, 特にEr2O3を添加した場合が最も高密度の焼結体が得られた. このアルミナ-希土類酸化物系の素地では低温度で液相を生成することもなく, 一般に固溶もしなかったため, アルミナ希土類酸化物との反応性, 焼成中の複酸化物の生成に伴うイオン拡散や体積変化, 第2相としてコランダム粒子間に存在する状態などがち密化に影響を与える要因となっているものと考えられた. いずれの添加試料もアルミナと複酸化物との共融温度より50°-100℃低い温度で焼成した場合には, 異常粒子成長が観察された. また共融温度以上で焼成した場合には, 生成した液相とコランダム粒子とのぬれ性の差により, 組織に大きな影響を与えることが分った.