gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully Integrated HBT MMIC Series-Type Extended Doherty Amplifier for W-CDMA Handset Applications (2010)

A highly efficient linear and compactly integrated series-type Doherty power amplifier (PA) has been developed for wideband code-division multiple access handset applications. To overcome the size limit of a typical Doherty amplifier all circuit elements, such as matching circuits and impedance transformers, am fully integrated into a single monolithic microwave integrated circuit WC). The implemented PA shows a very low idle current of 25 mA and an excellent power added efficiency of 25.1% at an output power of 19 dBm by using an e-wended Doherty concept. Accordingly, its average current consumption was reduced by 51% and 41% in urban and suburban envinonments, respectively when compared with a class-AB PA. By adding a simple predistorter to the PA, the PA showed an adjacent channel leakage ratio better than -42 dBc over the whole output power range.
Fence For Contour Farming (1948)

Contour farming is good business- if your land is sloping and you're troubled with soil and water run-off. Farners by and large know the good that comes from conservation practices. Yet many who have sloping land haven't made the shift to contour farming. They wonder about the costs involved.
Design Applicable 3D Microfluidic Functional Units Using 2D Topology Optimization with Length Scale Constraints (2020)

Due to the limits of computational time and computer memory, topology optimization problems involving fluidic flow frequently use simplified 2D models. Extruded versions of the 2D optimized results typically comprise the 3D designs to be fabricated. In practice, the depth of the fabricated flow channels is finite; the limited flow depth together with the no-slip condition potentially make the fluidic performance of the 3D model very different from that of the simplified 2D model. This discrepancy significantly limits the usefulness of performing topology optimization involving fluidic flow in 2D-at least if special care is not taken. Inspired by the electric circuit analogy method, we limit the widths of the microchannels in the 2D optimization process. To reduce the difference of fluidic performance between the 2D model and its 3D counterpart, we propose an applicable 2D optimization model, and ensure the manufacturability of the obtained layout, combinations of several morphology-mimicking filters impose maximum or minimum length scales on the solid phase or the fluidic phase. Two typical Lab-on-chip functional units, Tesla valve and fluidic channel splitter, are used to illustrate the validity of the proposed application of length scale control.
Ethylene Production by Fruit of Some Slow-ripening Nectarine Genotypes (1984)

Abstract The relationship between the ripening behavior and C 2 H 4 production of 4 slow-ripening nectarine [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] genotypes was investigated. While there was no change in C 2 H 4 production and little ripening in fruit kept for one month in air at 20°C, continuous exposure to 1300 μl·liter −1 propylene (C 3 H 6 ) stimulated ripening and C 2 H 4 production in these genotypes. The concentration of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in freshly harvested fruit was less than 0.05 nmol·g −1 and rose 6- to 8-times during the rise in C 2 H 4 production. ACC levels remained low in preclimacteric fruit of all genotypes except P19-70, in which ACC concentration increased without an accompanying increase in C 2 H 4 production. Wounding had little effect on C 2 H 4 production by these 4 genotypes, but addition of one m m ACC stimulated C 2 H 4 production by tissue plugs 35 to 70 fold. Delaying the harvest by up to 6 weeks had no effect on fruit weight or firmness, but flesh color and pH increased while titratable acidity and soluble solids content decreased; the onset of C 2 H 4 production during storage at 20° was advanced, while the ability to convert ACC to C 2 H 4 declined. In no case did C 2 H 4 production rates by these fruit reach the levels of normal nectarine genotypes. We conclude that these slow-ripening genotypes lack the capacity to produce normal C 2 H 4 levels for nectarines.
Topics in Biostatistics (2007)

Basic Biostatistics presents a multidisciplinary survey of biostatics methods, each illustrated with hands-on examples. Methods range from the elementary, including descriptive statistics, study desig
A Fourth-Order Lumped-Element Bandpass Filter Constructed on Multilayer Substrates (2014)

A fourth-order bandpass filter scheme and its implementation with multilayer substrates are proposed in this letter. The filter is composed of two second-order filters and an impedance matching network between them, which provides one additional controllable transmission zero. By using two different feedback capacitors, two additional transmission zeros are introduced. The physical layout is fully interpreted and an experimental prototype is fabricated and measured. Good agreement between measured results and simulated results is observed. The results show the high out-of-band suppression.
Multi-Pattern Matching Algorithms and Hardware Based Implementation (2006)

This paper surveys the algorithms and hardware implementations of the multi-pattern matching. Firstly, two commonly used multi-pattern algorithms, Aho-Corasick's automata based algorithm and Wu-Manber's hash based suffix matching with skipping algorithm are introduced. And then, some improving ways are referred. Next, time and space complexity of these algorithms are analyzed, and the experimental results show their performances. Further, several hardware based implementations are taken as examples to demonstrate the general methods and strategies for the implementation on hardware. The developing trend is predicted in the end.
The effect of catheters and coatings on the performance of palladium-nickel thermoseeds: evaluation and design of implantation techniques (1997)

In the development of materials for self-regulating thermoseeds much effort is put in improvement of the self-regulating temperature control mechanism of the seeds. The catheters and coatings which are needed to implant the seeds or to guarantee biocompatibility, generally impair the optimized performance of the ferromagnetic seeds. The influence of various coatings on the performance of PdNi seeds has been investigated by means of one-dimensional modelling and calorimetric experiments. Implantation using thin walled catheters is acceptable provided that the catheters are filled with water to assure good thermal coupling. Air layers inside catheters should be avoided as they reduce the sharp gradient of the heat production at the Curie temperature significantly. An alternative for the application of catheters is to insert the seeds into metallic needles. The effect of shielding by the metal needle can be minimized by driving the seed into its saturated state using a high magnetic field strength. The thermal interaction between the seed and surrounding tissue can also be enhanced by placing PdNi, e.g. tubular, on the outside of the catheter or brachytherapy needle. An additional advantage of this new design is an increase in the heat production and the quality of temperature control due to an increase in the amount of PdNi. For permanent implantation seeds can be coated with an inert metal, ceramics or plastic. The performance of the seeds is not affected by any of the coatings if certain conditions are met. For plastic coatings the thickness of the coating has to be very thin, preferably < or = 20 microns, to avoid thermal isolation.
<title>Modeling and optimization of a multiresolution remote image retrieval system</title> (1994)

We study the tradeoffs involved in choosing the bit allocation in a multiresolution remote image retrieval system. Such a system uses a multiresolution image coding scheme so that a user accessing the database will first see a coarse version of the images and will be able to accept or discard a given image faster, without needing to receive all the image data. We formalize the problem of choosing the bit allocation (e.g., in the two resolution case, how many bits should be given to the coarse image and the additional information, respectively?) so that the overall delay in the query is minimized. We provide analytical methods to find the optimal solution under different configurations and show how a good choice of the bit allocation results in a reduction of the overall delay in the query.
Characterization of Functional Domains within Smad4/DPC4 (1997)

Smad proteins are a family of highly conserved, intracellular proteins that signal cellular responses downstream of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family serine/threonine kinase receptors. One of these molecules, Smad4, originally identified as the candidate tumor suppressor gene dpc-4, reconstitutes TGF-beta- and activin-dependent transcriptional responses in Smad4 null cell lines and interacts in a ligand-dependent manner with other Smad family members in both TGF-beta, activin, and bone morphogenetic protein-2/-4 pathways. Here, we used an assay based on the restoration of ligand-dependent transcriptional responses in a Smad4 null cell line to characterize functional domain structures within Smad4. We showed that restoration of TGF-beta-induced transcriptional responses by Smad4 was inhibited by co-transfection with a kinase dead TGF-beta type II receptor and that constitutive activation was blocked with TGF-beta neutralizing antibodies, confirming the essential role of Smad4 in TGF-beta signaling. Using a series of Smad4 mutation, deletion, and Smad1/Smad4 chimera constructs we identified a 47-amino acid deletion within the middle-linker region of Smad4 that is essential for the mediation of signaling responses. In addition, we showed that the NH2-terminal domain of Smad4 augments ligand-dependent activation associated with the middle-linker region, indicating that there is a distinct ligand-response domain within the N terminus of this molecule.
Gleason grading of prostate cancer in needle biopsies or radical prostatectomy specimens: contemporary approach, current clinical significance and sources of pathology discrepancies (2005)

The Gleason grading system is a powerful tool to prognosticate and aid in the treatment of men with prostate cancer. The needle biopsy Gleason score correlates with virtually all other pathological variables, including tumour volume and margin status in radical prostatectomy specimens, serum prostate-specific antigen levels and many molecular markers. The Gleason score assigned to the tumour at radical prostatectomy is the most powerful predictor of progression after radical prostatectomy. However, there are significant deficiencies in the practice of this grading system. Not only are there problems among practising pathologists but also a relative lack of interobserver reproducibility among experts.
A Research on Strategies for Construction of MAS-Based Urban ITIS (2009)

In urban areas around the world, the number of trips made by vehicles has significantly increased in recent decades and resulted in frequent traffic congestions. ITIS offer optimal travel routes to road users with regard to the actual traffic state in order to increase the efficiency of vehicles travelling, reduce travel time and traffic congestion, along with reduced pollution and energy consumption. A simple measure-forecasting mode of traffic information service isn't enough to realize optimal traffic control. Researchers suggested many new strategies and methods for building urban ITIS in recent years. In this paper we have a investigation on those MAS-based traffic management strategies and methods, make a primary appreciation about their merits and disadvantages using AHP. Our work would be useful for construction of an urban ITIS.
Theory of the double critical state in type-II superconductors (1984)

A double critical-state theory is described by which hysteretic states of a type-II superconductor in an applied magnetic field that varies in both magnitude and direction can be calculated. In this theory, if the magnitude of the electrical current density component perpendicular to the magnetic induction B vector exceeds the corresponding critical value J/sub c perpendicular/, depinning occurs, and an electric field component E/sub perpendicular/ perpendicular to B vector appears; if the magnitude of the current density component parallel to B vector exceeds the corresponding critical value J/sub C parallel/, flux-line cutting occurs, and an electric field component E/sub parallel/ parallel to B vector appears. Solutions of the double critical-state model are presented for a hysteretic type-II superconducting slab subjected to a parallel applied magnetic field that is constant in magnitude but varying in direction.
Region-Based and Panel-Based Algorithms for Unroutable Placement Recognition (2015)

To avoid producing unroutable placement solutions, many state-of-the-art routability-driven placers iteratively invoke global routers to evaluate their placement solutions, and then perform routability optimization. However, using a global router to evaluate hard-to-route placement solutions may spend considerable runtime and it cannot guarantee that a placement is truly unroutable to any router. This paper presents an unroutable placement recognizer based on a window-based unroutable region recognition algorithm and a length-bounded unroutable panel recognition (UPR) algorithm, which can confirm some placements that are exactly unroutable among a set of hard-to-route placements. In addition, if a placement is recognized to be unroutable, the recognizer can report a lower bound of total overflow for the placement. The experimental results reveal that the unroutable region recognition algorithm can find out 16 placements that are definitely unroutable among 23 widely used hard-to-route global routing benchmarks. Moreover, when a scenic constraint is considered, the UPR algorithm can find out a few more placements that are also unroutable.
Olfactory ensheathing cells: potential for glial cell transplantation into areas of CNS injury. (1995)

Ensheathing cells are the glial cells that ensheath olfactory axons within both the PNS and CNS portions of the primary olfactory pathway. These glial cells express a mixture of astrocyte-specific and Schwann cell-specific phenotypic features, support axonal growth by olfactory as well as by non-olfactory neurons, and survive transplantation into injured areas of the CNS. This review article focuses on those phenotypic features that are expressed by ensheathing cells that make them ideal candidates for transplantation into wound cavities in the damaged spinal cord of humans. Although much work remains to be done before such a therapeutic approach can be tried, the likelihood that ensheathing cells could simultaneously perform the roles of both astrocytes and Schwann cells following transplantation is the justification for developing such a therapeutic approach using animal models of spinal cord injury.
Back gate effects on threshold voltage sensitivity to SOI thickness in fully-depleted SOI MOSFETs (2001)

The dependence of threshold voltage on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) thickness is studied on fully-depleted SOI MOSFETs, and, for this purpose, back-gate oxide thickness and back gate voltage are varied. When the back gate oxide is thinner than the critical thickness dependent on the back gate voltage, the threshold voltage has a minimum in cases where the SOI film thickness is decreased, because of capacitive coupling between the SOI layer and the back gate. This fact suggests that threshold voltage fluctuations due to SOI thickness variations are reduced by controlling the back gate voltage and thinning the back gate oxide.
Fluconazole Dose Recommendation in Urinary Tract Infection (2001)

Questions remain about the optimal dosing of fluconazole, including the most appropriate dose in non-albicans species of candida as well as the optimal duration of therapy. Until further studies are performed, a fluconazole 200-mg loading dose followed by 100 mg/d for at least four days appears to be the most appropriate dose for the treatment of symptomatic candidal UTI in patients without systemic fungal infection or severe renal failure.
The Correct Taxonomic Status Of Pheidole (Pheidolacanthinus) Brevispinosa Donisthorpe (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). (1955)

xBio:D Automated Upload
Gas Management in a Large, Complex, Miscibly Flooded Oil Field (2000)

Abstract The Kuparuk River Field, on the North Slope of Alaska, is an extremely complex system when predicting and managing produced gas and artificial lift gas. Encompassing an area of almost 200 square miles, it is one of the largest full-field waterfloods in the world. On a daily volume basis, it is the second largest miscible gas flood in the world, second only to Prudhoe Bay. The field has approximately 400 gas-lifted wells and a dozen wells on ESPs. Currently, the field is characterized as "formation gas constrained" because wells over a formation GOR of ~6000 scf/bbl must be shut-in. Fluids are processed and gas is compressed at three different processing plants, with some processes being shared between plants, and other processes being independent. Combined with a reservoir that is composed of two distinctly different sands, makes reservoir management and particularly gas management, an extremely challenging task. In late 1998 a multi-disciplinary team was assembled to develop a framework and implement tactics that would better optimize gas handling at Kuparuk. At the time, several nearby "satellite" fields had just come on-stream that further taxed the existing gas handling capacity and oil prices were such that expansion projects were unattractive. This Gas Management Team was charged with optimizing reservoir, gas lift, and equipment performance. This required developing a better understanding of the leveraging mechanisms and processes, and communicating a set of tactics that could be implemented by the Organization. This paper discusses the work of the Kuparuk Gas Management Team, composed of EOR, reservoir, optimization, and process engineers. This team studied the various facets of gas injection, gas production, gas storage, and gas lift to establish a plan to optimize this system. Efforts and topics that will be discussed are as follows: More consistent measures of gas handling capacities Methods to improve forecasts of gas production Identification of the reservoir management "levers" that effect gas production Definition of the value of gas lift and the importance of quality data Results to date show the optimization target was significant, and that much of it was achieved by applying the recommended tactics. This paper should benefit anyone who is working large fields where gas is re-injected for disposal or EOR purposes. It should also benefit those working gas-lifted fields where the value of gas lift must be understood in order to optimize the entire system.
The application of breath hold phase velocity mapping techniques to the measurement of coronary artery blood flow velocity: Phantom data and initial <i>in vivo</i> results (1994)

A segmented kappa-space breath hold phase velocity mapping technique has been developed for the study of coronary artery blood flow velocity. In vitro validation has been performed using a number of pulsatile flow phantoms and the accuracy of the technique for determining the velocity increase at the site of a stenosis demonstrated in several phantom models. Examples of both in-plane and through-plane velocity maps of the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries of normal subjects in early diastole are presented. In one subject, through-plane velocity maps were obtained in the right and left anterior descending arteries throughout the cardiac cycle in order to generate flow velocity time curves. The problems associated with coronary artery velocity mapping are discussed.
Afterpulsing in InGaAs/InP Single Photon Avalanche Photodetectors (2006)

The effect of short gating pulses on after-pulsing in a single photon avalanche photodetector operating at a telecom wavelength of 1.5 mum is characterized and discussed. Comparison between short and longer overbias gate pulses shows that the number of carriers created with a 1 ns (short) gating pulse is lower than that of a 20 ns pulse, when the avalanche is dark-count generated
Applications of Random Nonlinear Photonic Crystals Based on Strontium Tetraborate (2012)

Properties of strontium tetraborate (SBO) and features of as-grown anti-parallel domains are summarized. From the point of view of nonlinear optics, these domains form nonlinear photonic crystals (NPC). Applications of NPC to the deep ultraviolet generation and fs pulse diagnostics are described. NPC and SBO are prospective media for the creation of a widely tunable source of fs pulses in the vacuum ultraviolet and for autocorrelation diagnostics of broadly tunable sources.
Pseudorandom signals for the dynamic analysis of multivariable systems (1966)

The extension of the input/output-crosscorrelation method of system dynamic identification, using a pseudorandom input signal, to multi-input/multioutput systems is considered. The system impulse responses may be obtained directly from the measured crosscorrelation functions (in a similar manner to the single-input/single-output case), provided that the system-input signals have autocorrelation functions of delta-function form and are uncorrelated with each other, it is found that it is not possible to meet both these requirements without resorting to a very prolonged integration time. Methods of overcoming this difficulty by using signals of practicable lengths, the properties of which approximate to those required, are therefore proposed. Both 2- and 3-level signals are considered.
Electroacupuncture-induced analgesia in a rat model of ankle sprain pain is mediated by spinal α-adrenoceptors (2007)

In a previous study, we showed that electroacupuncture (EA) applied to the SI-6 point on the contralateral forelimb produces long-lasting and powerful analgesia in pain caused by ankle sprain in a rat model. To investigate the underlying mechanism of EA analgesia, the present study tested the effects of various antagonists on known endogenous analgesic systems in this model. Ankle sprain was induced in anesthetized rats by overextending their right ankle with repeated forceful plantar flexion and inversion of the foot. When rats developed pain behaviors (a reduction in weight-bearing of the affected hind limb), EA was applied to the SI-6 point on the contralateral forelimb for 30 min under halothane anesthesia. EA significantly improved the weight-bearing capacity of the affected hind limb for 2h, suggesting an analgesic effect. The alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (2mg/kg, i.p. or 30 microg, i.t.) completely blocked the EA-induced analgesia, whereas naloxone (1mg/kg, i.p.) failed to block the effect. These results suggest that EA-induced analgesia is mediated by alpha-adrenoceptor mechanisms. Further experiments showed that intrathecal administration of yohimbine, an alpha(2)-adrenergic antagonist, reduced the EA-induced analgesia in a dose-dependent manner, whereas terazosin, an alpha(1)-adrenergic antagonist, did not produce any effect. These data suggest that the analgesic effect of EA in ankle sprain pain is, at least in part, mediated by spinal alpha(2)-adrenoceptor mechanisms.