gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrahepatic and circulating HLA class II-restricted, hepatitis C virus-specific T cells: Functional characterization in patients with chronic hepatitis C (2002)

To compare the functional features of circulating and intrahepatic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD4+ T cells in chronic HCV infection, peripheral blood and liver-infiltrating lymphocytes from 29 patients with chronic hepatitis C were stimulated with structural and nonstructural HCV proteins to produce antigen-specific T-cell lines and clones. Antigen specificity, fine specificity, phenotype, cytokine production, and T-cell receptor (TCR)-vbeta chain expression were analyzed. The results indicate a hierarchy of stimulatory capacity by the different HCV proteins, core being the antigen most frequently recognized by CD4+ intrahepatic lymphocytes, followed by NS4 and NS5. The CD4 response was directed simultaneously against different HCV proteins in individual patients, but fine-specificity analysis indicated that the response was generally focused on a limited number of immunodominant epitopes. Although the narrowly focused nature of this response may favor the emergence of escape mutations, this event was not observed by following-up over time the sequence of 2 epitopes strongly immunodominant for intrahepatic CD4 cells of a patient with chronic HCV infection. In conclusion, simultaneous analysis of peripheral blood and intrahepatic CD4 cells in the same patients indicated a predominant Th1 profile of HCV-specific CD4 cells and suggests a specific compartmentalization of virus-specific T cells into the liver.
Clinical and biochemical observations during treatment of depression with electroacupuncture: a pilot study (2002)

Six patients suffering from major depression were treated with electroacupuncture. During 4 weeks of treatment, the total CPRS-S-A score decreased from 23.8 to 13.4 (p=0.0095). A decrease of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in plasma during the first 2 weeks of treatment was noted in five of the patients, all being women (p=0.0431). The decrease was negatively correlated with age (rs=-0.29; p=0.046). The results are in line with a putative antidepressive effect of electroacupuncture, along with an influence on NPY in plasma.
NO-Sartans:  A New Class of Pharmacodynamic Hybrids as Cardiovascular Drugs (2004)

The aim of this work was to develop lead pharmacodynamic hybrids, NO-sartans, possessing the characteristics of a typical AT1-antagonist and of a "slow NO donor", by adding NO-donor side chains to losartan. These new compounds, 2a and 2b, displayed vasorelaxing effects, due to the release of NO, and antagonized the vasocontractile effects of angiotensin II, with potency values similar to that of losartan. In vivo, the antihypertensive effects of 2a were similar to those of losartan and captopril.
Powerful anticonvulsant action of IL-1 receptor antagonist on intracerebral injection and astrocytic overexpression in mice (2000)

IL-1beta and its endogenous receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) are rapidly induced by seizures in the rodent hippocampus. Exogenously applied IL-1beta prolongs seizures in an IL-1R type I-mediated manner. This effect depends on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activation. We report here that intrahippocampal application of recombinant IL-1Ra or its selective endogenous overexpression in astrocytes under the control of glial acidic fibrillary protein promoter potently inhibits motor and electroencephalographic seizures induced by bicuculline methiodide in mice. Accordingly, transgenic mice show a reduced seizure-related c-fos mRNA expression in various forebrain areas compared with their wild-type littermates. Recombinant IL-1Ra was ineffective in mice deficient in IL-1R type I, having per se a delayed onset to generalized convulsions. These results demonstrate that IL-1Ra mediates potent anticonvulsant effects acting on IL-1R type I and suggest that the balance between brain IL-1beta and IL-1Ra represents a crucial mechanism to control seizure generalization.
A simpler and better LSH for Maximum Inner Product Search (MIPS) (2014)

We consider the problem of designing locality sensitive hashes (LSH) for inner product similarity, and of the power of asymmetric hashes in this context. Shrivastava and Li argue that there is no symmetric LSH for the problem and propose an asymmetric LSH based on different mappings for query and database points. However, we show there does exist a simple symmetric LSH that enjoys stronger guarantees and better empirical performance than the asymmetric LSH they suggest. We also show a variant of the settings where asymmetry is in-fact needed, but there a different asymmetric LSH is required.
3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane Effect on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Epoxy Composites (2009)

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A nanocomposites with unmodified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (u-MWCNTs) and silanized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (si-MWCNTs) were prepared by cast molding method. The effects of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalization of MWCNTs on the thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were examined. The nanocomposites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and flexural testing. The results showed that epoxy composites based on si-MWCNTs showed better thermal stability, glass transition temperature, and flexural properties than the composites based on u-MWCNTs. These results prove the effect of silane functionalization on the interfacial adhesion between epoxy and MWCNTs. This was further confirmed by morphology study of fractured surfaces of nanocomposites by scanning electron microscopy.
Investigation of HCI effects in FinFET based ring oscillator circuits and IP blocks (2017)

Hot carrier injection (HCI) effect with circuits running at very high frequency through overdrive (OD) can manifest under very long stress time and lower temperature where negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is suppressed. On FinFET technology with presence of self-heating effects (SHE), it is important to decouple the effects to obtain accurate HCI modeling along with right duty cycle for the process wafer level reliability (WLR) requirements and design for reliability (DFR). We'd devised a unique Ring Oscillator (RO) test structure to characterize HCI duty cycle and compare with HCI duty extracted from the RO and IP aging results.
Tissue-specific Tropomyosin Isoform Composition (2005)

Four distinct genes encode tropomyosin (Tm) proteins, integral components of the actin microfilament system. In non-muscle cells, over 40 Tm isoforms are derived using alternative splicing. Distinct populations of actin filaments characterized by the composition of these Tm isoforms are found differentially sorted within cells (Gunning et al. 1998b). We hypothesized that these distinct intracellular compartments defined by the association of Tm isoforms may allow for independent regulation of microfilament function. Consequently, to understand the molecular mechanisms that give rise to these different microfilaments and their regulation, a cohort of fully characterized isoform-specific Tm antibodies was required. The characterization protocol initially involved testing the specificity of the antibodies on bacterially produced Tm proteins. We then confirmed that these Tm antibodies can be used to probe the expression and subcellular localization of different Tm isoforms by Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining of cells in culture, and immunohistochemistry of paraffin wax-embedded mouse tissues. These Tm antibodies, therefore, have the capacity to monitor specific actin filament populations in a range of experimental systems.
Comparative Genomics of Rice and Arabidopsis. Analysis of 727 Cytochrome P450 Genes and Pseudogenes from a Monocot and a Dicot  (2004)

Data mining methods have been used to identify 356 Cyt P450 genes and 99 related pseudogenes in the rice (Oryza sativa) genome using sequence information available from both the indica and japonica strains. Because neither of these genomes is completely available, some genes have been identified in only one strain, and 28 genes remain incomplete. Comparison of these rice genes with the 246 P450 genes and 26 pseudogenes in the Arabidopsis genome has indicated that most of the known plant P450 families existed before the monocot-dicot divergence that occurred approximately 200 million years ago. Comparative analysis of P450s in the Pinus expressed sequence tag collections has identified P450 families that predated the separation of gymnosperms and flowering plants. Complete mapping of all available plant P450s onto the Deep Green consensus plant phylogeny highlights certain lineage-specific families maintained (CYP80 in Ranunculales) and lineage-specific families lost (CYP92 in Arabidopsis) in the course of evolution.
Maintenance: From Philosophy to Practice (2005)

Even with increasing attention to issues of sustainability and despite being cited as a key element in approaches to building conservation, maintenance of historic buildings has received little academic study or practice-orientated development in the United Kingdom. European models of best practice have seldom been disseminated or emulated. Maintain our Heritage (MoH) is seeking to change this. It has developed a wide programme of research aimed at understanding current attitudes towards maintenance and exploring potential ways forward; and has undertaken a pilot maintenance service, the first of its kind in the United Kingdom, inspecting 73 listed buildings in the Bath area. This paper examines the results of the latter in the context of the former. It explains the genesis of the project, examines the constraints and opportunities encountered, and looks to the future. It also points to the need for a national maintenance strategy.
Single Phase Power Factor Correction Circuit with Wide Output Voltage Range (1998)

The conventional power factor correction circuit has a fixed output voltage. However, in some applications, a PFC circuit with a wide output voltage range is needed. A single phase power factor correction circuit with wide output voltage range is developed in this work. After a comparison of two main power stage candidates (Buck+Boost and Sepic) in terms of efficiency, complexity, cost and device rating, the buck+boost converter is employed as the variable output PFC power stage. From the loss analysis, this topology has a high efficiency from light load to heavy load. The control system of the variable output PFC circuit is analyzed and designed. Charge average current sensing scheme has been adopted to sense the input current. The problem of high input harmonic currents at low output voltage is discussed. It is found that the current loop gain and cross over frequency will change greatly when the output voltage changes. To solve this problem, an automatic gain control scheme is proposed and a detailed circuit is designed and added to the current loop. A modified input current sensing scheme is presented to overcome the problem of an insufficient phase margin of the PFC circuit near the maximum output voltage. The charge average current sensing circuit will be bypassed automatically by a logical circuit when the output voltage is higher than the peak line voltage. Instead, a resistor is used to sense the input current at that condition. Therefore, the phase delay caused by the charge average current sensing circuit is avoided. The design and analysis are based on a novel air conditioner motor system application. Some detailed design issues are discussed. The experimental results show that the variable output PFC circuit has good performance in the wide output voltage range, under both the Boost mode when the output voltage is high and the Buck+Boost mode when the output voltage is low.
Computer-aided definition, manipulation and depiction of objects composed of spheres (1981)

As previously demonstrated by Badler and O'Rourke, a variety of 3-D objects can be defined conveniently as collections of spheres-having various sizes and positions in 3-D space and possibly intersecting. This paper is an elaboration on the technique, describing methods of constructing and manipulating such objects and, most particularly, a method of achieving realism in rendering the picture-even though, for reasons of efficiency, computation is performed as if everything were 2-dimensional, with depth ordering.Pictorial realism results from three features of the overall method: roundedness of the basic picture plane images of individual spheres, pictorial merging of 3-dimensionally intersecting spheres (which are very likely intended as parts of the same object), and pictorial separation of spheres whose images overlap but which lie at significantly different depths in 3-space. Separation is achieved by a black line and resembles the lines traditionally found in cartoon cel animation; merging is accomplished by arranging, in effect, for every sphere image to be transparent to the brighter parts of images of other spheres of the same color.The system lends itself well to construction and manipulation of objects defined by geometry and mathematical transformations; it also serves well in construction and depiction of organic forms which arise and/or are modified by random growth and rules of contingency. Several examples of pictorial results are presented.
Reverse Phase HPLC Separation of Cis-and Trans-Carotenoids and Its Application to β-Carotenes in Food Materials (1987)

Abstract Four trans-carotenoids, β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein and lycopene, were isomerized with light energy under iodine catalysis and the isomeric mixtures were subjected to reverse phase chromatography on a 5μ VYDAC TP-201 column with mobile phases of methanol-chloroform to separate the major isomers. The amounts and properties of the cis-compounds conformed with separations obtained by others from lime and alumina columns. In each case, the predominant isomers behaved as 13-cis-and 9-cis-isomers, except for the lycopene set which included isomers not previously separated. Use of the system for rapid analysis of 13-cis, 9-cis-and trans-β-carotene in some common food materials was demonstrated. The percentage of cis-isomers in the β-carotene fraction ranged from 1.6 in raw carrot to 29.6 in canned peach.
Decision tree analysis of treatment strategies for mild and moderate cases of clinical mastitis occurring in early lactation (2011)

The objective of this study was to develop a decision tree to evaluate the economic impact of different durations of intramammary treatment for the first case of mild or moderate clinical mastitis (CM) occurring in early lactation with various scenarios of pathogen distributions and use of on-farm culture. The tree included 2 decision and 3 probability events. The first decision evaluated use of on-farm culture (OFC; 2 programs using OFC and 1 not using OFC) and the second decision evaluated treatment strategies (no intramammary antimicrobials or antimicrobials administered for 2, 5, or 8 d). The tree included probabilities for the distribution of etiologies (gram-positive, gram-negative, or no growth), bacteriological cure, and recurrence. The economic consequences of mastitis included costs of diagnosis and initial treatment, additional treatments, labor, discarded milk, milk production losses due to clinical and subclinical mastitis, culling, and transmission of infection to other cows (only for CM caused by Staphylococcus aureus). Pathogen-specific estimates for bacteriological cure and milk losses were used. The economically optimal path for several scenarios was determined by comparison of expected monetary values. For most scenarios, the optimal economic strategy was to treat CM caused by gram-positive pathogens for 2 d and to avoid antimicrobials for CM cases caused by gram-negative pathogens or when no pathogen was recovered. Use of extended intramammary antimicrobial therapy (5 or 8 d) resulted in the least expected monetary values.
Government perspective on air pollution : EPA Victoria - The next twenty years (1992)

EPA is primarily a regulatory agency, but regulation, while it may contribute, cannot of itself bring about such a partnership. Indeed, if inappropriately applied, it may hinder partnership development. Yet, as a society, we are not mature enough to move away from regulation as a means of discouraging unacceptable behaviour. So the regulatory role for EPA will remain an important one. The real challenge is to build an effective bridge to a new approach that will enable us to move towards a partnership model but still retain the comfort and security that all sectors derive from the certainty of regulation.
Intranasal immunization with heterologously expressed polysaccharide protects against multiple <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> infections (2007)

Surface-expressed bacterial polysaccharides are often immunodominant, protective antigens. However, these antigens are chemically and serologically highly heterogeneous, and conjugation to protein carriers is often necessary to enhance their immunogenicity. Here we show the efficacy of intranasal immunization of mice with attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing the O antigen portion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide. P. aeruginosa is an ideal model system because it can cause a myriad of localized and systemic infections. In particular, this bacterium is a leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia and is responsible for infections after burns and after eye injury. In addition, there are mouse models of infection that mimic the clinical manifestations of P. aeruginosa infections. Immunized mice were highly protected against infection, with long-lasting immunity to acute P. aeruginosa pneumonia, whereas mice immunized with Salmonella containing only the cloning vector or PBS were not. Prophylactic and therapeutic administration of sera from vaccinated animals protected naive mice. Intranasal vaccination also provided complete protection from infections after burns and reduced pathology after corneal abrasions. These results indicate that intranasal delivery of heterologously expressed polysaccharide antigens provides protection at distinct sites of infection. This approach for the expression and delivery of polysaccharide antigens as recombinant immunogens could be easily adapted to develop vaccines for many infectious agents, without the need for complicated purification and conjugation procedures.
BPSS: A Scheduling Support System for the Packaging Industry (1993)

This paper describes a scheduling support system for plants that produce multiply paper bags. The machine environment in these plants may be described as a flexible flow shop. That is, there are a number of stages in series with a number of machines in parallel at each stage. The jobs have specified shipping dates as well as priorities; their processing times and setup times are known in advance. We developed a five-step algorithm that schedules all the jobs at the various stages. This algorithm has been incorporated in a system, the Bagpak Production Scheduling System (BPSS), which also contains a data base management module and a user interface module. The system has been implemented in two plants, and is used on a regular basis. It has increased considerably the accuracy of the available information regarding the production process. The scheduler, in conjunction with the system, is able to produce better schedules; he now always knows where given performance measures stand. In addition, the available information enables the scheduler to provide better service to customers.
Thermal Diode: Rectification of Heat Flux (2004)

By coupling two nonlinear one dimensional lattices, we demonstrate a thermal diode model that works in a wide range of system parameters. We provide numerical and analytical evidence for the underlying mechanism which allows heat flux in one direction while the system acts like an insulator when the temperature gradient is reversed. The possible experimental realization in nanoscale systems is briefly discussed.
Analysis of Primary Stripper Foils at SNS by an Electron Beam Foil Test Stand (2015)

Diamond foils are used at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) as the primary strippers of hydride ions. A nanocrystalline diamond film, typically 17x45 mm with an aerial density of 0.35 mg/cm², is deposited on a corrugated silicon substrate by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition. After growth, 30 mm of the silicon substrate is etched away, leaving a freestanding diamond foil with a silicon handle that can be inserted into SNS for operation. An electron beam test facility was constructed to study stripper foil degradation and impact on foil lifetime. The electron beam capabilities include: current up to 5 mA, focused spot size of 0.30 mm², and rastering in the x- and y-directions. A 30 keV and 1.6 mA/mm² electron beam deposits the same power density on a diamond foil as a 1.4 MW beam on SNS target. Rastering of the electron beam can expose a similar area of the foil as SNS beams. Experiments were conducted using the foil test stand to study: foil flutter and lifetime; effects of corrugation patterns, aerial densities, crystal size (micro vs. nano), and boron doping; temperature distributions and film emissivity; and conversion rate of nanocrystalline diamond into graphite.
p53-Mediated down-regulation of the human DNA repair gene O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) via interaction with Sp1 transcription factor. (2009)

O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a ubiquitous DNA repair protein, reverses mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of O(6)-alkylguanine in DNA induced by chemotherapeutic N-alkyl N-nitrosourea and procarbazine type drugs by dealkylating the adduct. MGMT expression is down-regulated by wild-type p53 (WTp53) in human tumor cells. Here we report that p53 sequesters the Sp1 transcription factor to prevent its binding to the cognate cis elements in the MGMT promoter and thus inhibits MGMT expression. Sp1 overexpression abrogated the inhibitory effect of p53 on the MGMT promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. Stable interaction of Sp1 with WTp53 was observed in HCT116 cells. Moreover, WTp53 overexpression reduced the binding of the nuclear extract to the Sp1 consensus sequence, even though recombinant p53 alone did not bind to the same sequence. Taken together, these results suggest that sequestration of Sp1 could be one of the mechanisms by which p53 negatively regulates MGMT expression, thus enhancing sensitivity of tumor cells to O(6)-alkylguanine generating drugs.
Increased Expression of Angiogenic Genes in the Brains of Mouse Meg3-Null Embryos (2010)

Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a noncoding RNA highly expressed in the normal human brain and pituitary. Expression of MEG3 is lost in gonadotroph-derived clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Meg3 knockout mice were generated to identify targets and potential functions of this gene in embryonic development and tumorigenesis. Gene expression profiles were compared in the brains of Meg3-null embryos and wild-type littermate controls using microarray analysis. Microarray data were analyzed with GeneSifter, which uses Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and Gene Ontology classifications to identify signaling cascades and functional categories of interest within the dataset. Differences were found in signaling pathways and ontologies related to angiogenesis between wild-type and knockout embryos. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistological staining showed increased expression of some Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor pathway genes and increased cortical microvessel density in the Meg3-null embryos. In conclusion, Meg3 may play an important role in control of vascularization in the brain and may function as a tumor suppressor in part by inhibiting angiogenesis.