gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Parameters of Hyperbranched Copolymers Obtained by Self-Condensing Vinyl Copolymerization. 1. Equal Rate Constants (1999)

The kinetics, molecular weight averages and the average degree of branching, DB, are calculated analytically for the self-condensing vinyl copolymerization (SCVCP) of a vinyl monomer M with an “inimer” AB*, i.e., a molecule having a vinyl group A and an initiating group B*. MWD and DB strongly depend on the monomer/inimer ratio γ = M0/I0 (or the “dilution factor”, γ + 1 = (M0 + I0)/I0). At low conversions, the process resembles a living polymerization of M, where the AB* inimers act as initiators only; at high conversions, the process resembles a self-condensing vinyl homopolymerization (SCVP) of AB* inimers. For a high monomer/inimer ratio (γ ≫ 1), the number-average molecular weight, M̄n, is given by the product of the values for the SCVP of inimer and the living polymerization of monomer initiated by inimer. For a given M̄n value, the polydispersity index decreases with γ. For γ > 1, DB decreases with γ, however, the DB values are 4 times higher than expected from the “dilution” of AB* molecules by M molecules. For low values of γ, DB even exceeds the values for a homo-SCVP; a maximum of DB = 0.5 is reached at γ ≈ 0.6. These effects can be explained by the addition of monomer molecules to in-chain active centers (i.e., in linear segments) leading to very short branches. The trends predicted by our calculations are confirmed by preliminary experimental data.
Optical transceiver technologies for inter-data center connectivity (2014)

In this paper, bandwidth and bit rate variable optical transceiver architectures, targeting high capacity and low cost, are presented and discussed as technology enablers for inter-data center connection, in the context of flexgrid networks. Potential candidates, based on multicarrier technologies, are considered for their spectral efficiency and reconfiguration capabilities. Cost-effective designs using low complex digital signal processing are proposed for flexible, software-defined transmission. Furthermore, programmable, modular transceiver architectures, equipped with tuneable optoelectronic front-end, are investigated for enabling sliceable functionality.
Effect of relaparotomy through previously integrated polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene experimental implants in the abdominal wall (1999)

We conclude that relaparotomy through an existing PL prosthesis previously integrated with the abdominal wall does not affect the tissue integration process or the tensile resistance of the implant. When the relaparotomy involves an ePTFE prosthesis, however, although the repair process itself is unaffected, significant loss in tensile strength is incurred. In addition, relaparotomy through both types of biomaterial is likely to result in the neoformation of adhesions in the areas of the prosthesis subjected to opening and repair but, in general, the number of adhesions formed in the presence of intact or repaired polypropylene implants was larger than that observed with the use of ePTFE.
Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Synthetic Isoflavone Derivatives in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice (2003)

Dietary flavonoids are thought to protect against cardiovascular disease. We have studied the effects of bioactive isoflavone metabolites on hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and the development of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(0)) mice fed a Western high-fat diet. Supplementation with dihydrodaidzein (DiD), dehydroequol (DeE) (both 25 mg kg(-1) x day(-1)) and their combination (D/D; 12.5 mg kg(-1) x day(-1) for each) for 24 weeks reduced plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol. D/D also reduced the triglyceride level. In the abdominal aorta of apoE(0) mice, these compounds significantly increased endothelial nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasorelaxations induced by acetylcholine, but had a minor effect on relaxations induced by the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine. Isoflavone treatment for 24 weeks had no effect on the total area of atherosclerotic plaques in the whole aorta, but DeE reduced the plaque thickness in the aortic arch by 29%, although this did not reach statistical significance. The endothelial dysfunction in apoE(0) mice is associated with hyperlipidemia and increased vascular oxidative stress measured as increased superoxide production. Both isoflavones have superoxide-scavenging activities in vitro. We suggest that chronic supplementation with bioactive isoflavone metabolites may protect endothelial NO function in apoE(0) mice, through both lipid-lowering and antioxidant actions.
Deletions of Portions of the Extracellular Loops of the Lutropin/Choriogonadotropin Receptor Decrease the Binding Affinity for Ovine Luteinizing Hormone, but Not Human Choriogonadotropin, by Preventing the Formation of Mature Cell Surface Receptor (1996)

The rat lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (rLHR) is a G protein-coupled receptor which binds either human choriogonadotropin (hCG) or lutropin (luteinizing hormone, LH) and, therefore, plays a central role in reproductive physiology. In addition to the seven transmembrane helices, three extracellular loops, three intracellular loops, and a cytoplasmic tail characteristic of all G protein-coupled receptors, the rLHR also contains a relatively large N-terminal extracellular domain. Since high affinity hormone binding occurs to this N-terminal extracellular domain and since G proteins are activated by intracellular regions of the receptor, it has been hypothesized that upon hormone binding a portion of the hormone or the receptor's extracellular domain might interact with the receptor's extracellular loops and/or transmembrane helices, thus evoking an intracellular conformational change. To explore this possibility, we prepared and characterized several mutants of the rLHR in which portions of the extracellular loops were deleted. Ultimately, it was not possible to examine the signal transduction properties of the mutants because all but one mutant were retained intracellularly. Although the intracellularly retained mutants must be somewhat misfolded, all were found to bind hCG with high affinity if the cells were first solubilized in detergent. However, the binding of oLH to the detergent solubilized mutants was altered. Thus, whereas the wild-type rLHR bound oLH with two apparent affinities, the solubilized deletion mutants bound oLH with only one apparent affinity. Although these data could be interpreted to suggest that an ovine LH (oLH) binding site on the extracellular loops of the rLHR was deleted, data shown argue against this hypothesis. Rather, the results presented suggest that the two apparent affinities of the wild-type rLHR for oLH represent the binding affinities of two populations of rLHR where the mature, cell surface form binds oLH with a higher affinity than the immature, intracellular form. Furthermore, we show that mutations of the rLHR which cause intracellular retention of the receptor result in a decrease from two to one apparent binding sites for oLH due to the absence of the high affinity oLH binding component contributed by the mature cell surface receptor. Therefore, whereas hCG cannot discriminate between the mature cell surface wild-type receptor and an intracellularly retained rLHR mutant, oLH can make this discrimination, thus suggesting a conformational difference between the two forms of the receptor.
<i>N</i>‐Azolylmethyl ketones as building blocks in heterocyclic synthesis: Synthesis of new polyfunctionally substituted azolylarylazophenols, azolylpyridones and azolylthiophenes (2003)

Abstract The title compounds 1a‐b and 2 reacted with 2‐arylhydrazonopropanals 3a‐c to yield polyfunctionally substituted azolylarylazophenols 5 and 8. The reaction of 1b and 2 with phenylisothiocyanate in the presence of α‐haloketones afforded the azolylthiophenes 12a,b and 13a,b. The reaction of 20 with α‐haloketone afforded 5‐benzotriazol‐1‐yl‐6‐methyl‐2‐(2‐oxopropylsulfanyl)nicotinonitrile 21 that was utilized as building blocks for the synthesis of condensed pyridines. Compound 21 was condensed with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal to yield thieno[2,3‐ b ]pyridin‐3‐yl‐ N , N ‐dimethylformamidine derivative 22. This was further cyclized with sodium hydride to 1 H ‐fhieno[2,3‐ b ; 4,5‐ b' ]dipyridin‐4‐one derivative 23.
Synthesis of copolyamide–esters and some aspects involved in their hydrolysis by lipase (1979)

Abstract Copolyamide–esters (CPAEs) were synthesized by the amide–ester interchange reaction. The change of intrinsic viscosity during CPAE synthesis was negligible. Polyamide blocks were shortened with increasing reaction time and polyester content. The polymerization degree of nylon 12 blocks on CPAE was smaller than that of nylon 6 blocks. CPAEs were hydrolyzed by Rhizopus delemar lipase. The biodegradability decreased with the shortening of the polyamide blocks and with increasing polyamide content. It was concluded that the amount and distribution of the hydrogen bonds, based on the amide group, in the CPAE chains strongly influenced their biodegradation by this lipase.
Composition and antimicrobial activity of <i>Achillea clavennae</i> L. essential oil (2003)

The volatile constituents of Achillea clavennae L. (Asteraceae), rare plant of Europe, have been analysed using GC/MS. Twenty- five components making up 81.6% of the oil were characterized with camphor (29.5%), myrcene (5.5%), 1,8-cineole (5.3%), beta-caryophyllene (5.1%) and linalool (4.9%) being the major constituents. The essential oil was evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The screening of the antimicrobial activity of essential oil was conducted by a disc diffusion test against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis) and fungal organisms (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans). The activity was more pronounced against Gram-negative and fungal organisms than against Gram-positive bacteria. A. clavennae oil was found to possess antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and all fungal organisms.
Real-time pulse echo and photoacoustic imaging using an ultrasound array and in-line reflective illumination (2010)

Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that photoacoustic (PA) imaging, in conjunction with pulse echo (PE) ultrasound is a promising modality for diagnosing breast cancer. However, existing devices are unwieldy and are hard to integrate into the clinical environment. In addition, it is difficult to illuminate thick samples because light must be directed around the transducer. Conventional PA imaging designs involve off-axis illumination or transillumination through the object. Whereas transillumination works best with thin objects, off-axis illumination may not uniformly illuminate the region of interest. To overcome these problems we have developed an attachment to an existing clinical linear array that can efficiently deliver light in line with the image plane. This photoacoustic enabling device (PED) exploits an optically transparent acoustic reflector to co-align the illumination with the acoustic waves, enabling realtime PA and PE imaging. Based on this concept, we describe results from three types of PEDs in phantoms and rat tissue. The most recent version is fabricated by rapid prototyping, and attached to a 10 MHz linear array. Real-time PA and PE images of a 127-μm diameter wire were consistent with our expectations based on the properties of the ultrasound transducer. Comparisons with and without the PED of another test phantom printed on transparency demonstrated that the PED does not appreciably degrade or distort image quality. The PED offers a simple and inexpensive solution towards a real-time dual-modality imaging system for breast cancer detection. It could also be adapted for virtually any kind of ultrasound transducer array and integrated into routine ultrasound exams for detection of cancerous lesions within 1-2 cm from the probe surface.
An Overview and Performance Evaluation of Classification-Based Least Squares Trained Filters (2008)

An overview of the classification-based least squares trained filters on picture quality improvement algorithms is presented. For each algorithm, the training process is unique and individually selected classification methods are proposed. Objective evaluation is carried out to single out the optimal classification method for each application. To optimize combined video processing algorithms, integrated solutions are benchmarked against cascaded filters. The results show that the performance of integrated designs is superior to that of cascaded filters when the combined applications have conflicting demands in the frequency spectrum.
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY SHIFTS INTO HIGH (1951)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPETROLEUM INDUSTRY SHIFTS INTO HIGHIndustry to meet increased military demands without decreasing supply of civilian products... Shortage of manpower already acuteR. W. THOMAS and P. M. ARNOLDView Author Information Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartlesville, Okla.Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1951, 29, 1, 22Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1951Publication History Published online5 November 2010Published inissue 1 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v029n001.p022https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v029n001.p022newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1951 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Fossil fuels Get e-Alerts
The rise of encrypted malware (2019)

Increasingly complex multi-cloud architectures and more stringent regulatory environments have increased reliance on encryption – primarily secure sockets layer (SSL) and transport layer security (TLS) – to the extent that over 80% of all network traffic is now encrypted. While in many ways the growth of encryption is a good thing for security, it also creates a backdoor for hackers and threat actors looking to hide from traditional detection tools. Organisations are adopting more stringent encryption practices. And while the growth of encryption might seem a good thing for security, it also creates a backdoor for hackers and threat actors looking to hide from detection tools. Additionally, as organisations continue to move to the cloud, increase their utilisation of APIs and adopt ever-more complex and sensitive systems, they find themselves with ever-more complex multi-cloud architectures. The solution lies in encrypted cognitive analytics, argues Omar Yaacoubi of Barac, which enables the creation of new types of data elements or telemetry that are independent of protocol details.
Daily Variations in Oligosaccharides of Human Milk Determined by Microfluidic Chips and Mass Spectrometry (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionDaily Variations in Oligosaccharides of Human Milk Determined by Microfluidic Chips and Mass SpectrometryMilady R. Niñonuevo, Patrick D. Perkins, Jimi Francis, LaTasha M. Lamotte, Riccardo G. LoCascio, Samara L. Freeman, David A. Mills, J. Bruce German, Rudolf Grimm, and Carlito B. Lebrilla*Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 12, 4854Publication Date (Web):May 21, 2008Publication History Published online21 May 2008Published inissue 1 June 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf800912vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jf800912vcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views493Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (36 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biotechnology,Dairy products,Fluid dynamics,Luminescence,Mass spectrometry Get e-Alerts
Expression of simian virus 40 T antigen in Escherichia coli: localization of T-antigen origin DNA-binding domain to within 129 amino acids (1988)

The genomic coding sequence of the large T antigen of simian virus 40 (SV40) was cloned into an Escherichia coli expression vector by joining new restriction sites, BglII and BamHI, introduced at the intron boundaries of the gene. Full-length large T antigen, as well as deletion and amino acid substitution mutants, were inducibly expressed from the lac promoter of pUC9, albeit with different efficiencies and protein stabilities. Specific interaction with SV40 origin DNA was detected for full-length T antigen and certain mutants. Deletion mutants lacking T-antigen residues 1 to 130 and 260 to 708 retained specific origin-binding activity, demonstrating that the region between residues 131 and 259 must carry the essential binding domain for DNA-binding sites I and II. A sequence between residues 302 and 320 homologous to a metal-binding "finger" motif is therefore not required for origin-specific binding. However, substitution of serine for either of two cysteine residues in this motif caused a dramatic decrease in origin DNA-binding activity. This region, as well as other regions of the full-length protein, may thus be involved in stabilizing the DNA-binding domain and altering its preference for binding to site I or site II DNA.
Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia in Endometrial Carcinoma (1989)

Humoral hypercalcemic syndrome associated with tumors of the female reproductive system is believed to be uncommon, and only 27 such cases have been identified prior to 1980. We describe 2 patients with humoral hypercalcemia in clear cell adenocarcinoma of the uterus, and review the literature on previously published cases. Both our patients fulfilled the criteria for humoral hypercalcemic syndrome, namely: hypercalcemia without bone metastases ranging from 12.8 to 14.1 mg/dl in the presence of normal serum parathyroid hormone levels, reduced tubular reabsorption of phosphate, and reduced serum albumin. We propose that humoral hypercalcemia is perhaps not a rare complication of uterine malignancy and, that increased awareness may result in early diagnosis of this important metabolic problem.
Characterization of High-k Gate Stacks in Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Capacitors (2001)

The purpose of this research has been to use off-line characterization techniques to establish material-specific properties of gate-stack constituents (i.e., high-k dielectric stacks and electrodes) and complete gate-stack structures. Hence, the characterization methodologies were established to evaluate high-k dielectrics at various processing levels, which, in part, determine the final characteristics of an advanced gate-stack device. Material systems that were investigated include: Al-O, Hf-Si-O, Zr-Si-O, Ti-O, Ta-O and Sr-Ti-O. Various physical and electrical characterization techniques were used to establish fundamental understandings of the materials selected, thin-film growth/deposition processes, and gate-stack structures. General conclusions for stable and unstable gate-dielectric materials have been establishedregarding the presence of a problematic interfacial layer at the Si/dielectric interface, graded dielectric layers, and the stability of gate electrodes on high-k dielectrics.The nanometer-scale chemistry of a gate-stack capacitor whose expected structure is Si/SiOxNy/Ta2O5/TiN/Al was studied by high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Elemental profiles with near-atomic-level resolution for Si, Ti, N, Al, and O demonstrate that the device structure deviates drastically from the expectation and is chemically complex.It is concluded that the graded distribution of certain elements across the gate-stack capacitor completely precludes a band-structure model that assumes abrupt interfaces and chemically discrete layers. This study impacted on subsequent interpretations of flatband voltage extractions and electrical degradation following backside metallization/postmetallization annealing for capacitors whose dielectric-stack was based on Ta-O.Detailed and extensive electrical characterizations of Pt/SiOx/Sr-Ti-O/Si MOS capacitors were carried out to investigate reliability issues in a bi-layer gate dielectric. Based on these studies, models are proposed to describe the carrier transport and dielectric degradation for a Sr-Ti-O capacitor. It is concluded that conduction is dominated by Frenkel-Poole emission from mid-gap trap levels. The trap barrier height is estimated to be 1.51eV. A model based on the atomic and electronic structure of oxygen vacancies can account for the reported leakage-current characteristics. In addition, it is tentatively proposed that anode-hole injection and hole trapping control the dielectric degradation under gate injection.
Bilingual automatic text summarization using unsupervised deep learning (2016)

In the world of digitization, the growth of big data is raising at large scale with usage of high performance computing. The huge data in English and Hindi is available on internet and social media which need to be extracted or summarized in user required form. In this paper we are presenting Bilingual (Hindi and English) unsupervised automatic text summarization using deep learning. which is an important research area with in Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning and data mining, to improve result accuracy, we are using restricted Boltzmann machine to generate a shorter version of original document without losing its important information. In this algorithm we are exploring the features to improve the relevance of sentences in the dataset.
Optimizing the noise performance of broad-band WDM systems with distributed Raman amplification (2002)

We derive the fundamental limit for the ratio of path-averaged signal power to optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), and show that for a fixed nonlinear weight, the OSNR is maximized if the signal power variation along the fiber is minimal. We also derive the conditions under which the noise performance of Raman amplification can be improved by erbium-doped fiber amplifier post amplification.