gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed matrix membrane materials with glassy polymers. Part 2 (2002)

Abstract Analysis presented in Part 1 of this paper indicated the importance of optimization of the transport properties of the interfacial region to achieve ideal mixed matrix materials. This insight is used in this paper to guide mixed matrix material formation with more conventional gas separation polymers. Conventional gas separation materials are rigid, and, as seen earlier, lead to the formation of an undesirable interphase under conventional casting techniques. We show in this study that if flexibility can be maintained during membrane formation with a polymer that interacts favorably with the sieve, successful mixed matrix materials result, even with rigid polymeric materials. Flexibility during membrane formation can be achieved by formation of films at temperatures close to the glass transition temperature of the polymer. Moreover, combination of chemical coupling and flexibility during membrane formation produces even more significant improvements in membrane performance. This approach leads to the formation of mixed matrix material with transport properties exceeding the upper bound currently achieved by conventional membrane materials. Another approach to form successful mixed matrix materials involves tailoring the interface by use of integral chemical linkages that are intrinsically part of the chain backbone. Such linkages appear to tighten the interface sufficiently to prevent “nonselective leakage” along the interface. This approach is demonstrated by directly bonding a reactive polymer onto the sieve surface under proper processing conditions.
Development of Air-Assisted Injector System (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to realize higher response and lower emissions for 4-valve engines, TOYOTA has researched ways to homogenize the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber as well as to reduce intake port wall-wetting. To achieve these items we have developed an air-assisted type two-hole injector (air-assisted injector) system which has improved both fuel atomization and spray directions. This system has been introduced to a 3Liter V-6 passenger car engine and mass produced.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The air-assisted injector atomizes the fuel by causing the air to collide and mix with the fuel. In order to obtain the air needed for atomization under all driving conditions, including idling, a new type idling speed control valve (ISCV) which has two air outlet passages has been developed. By means of this new ISCV, the new air-assisted injector system improves both fuel atomization and engine idling speed control during cold and hot engine conditions. This new system reduces hydrocarbon emissions, improves transient driveability and improves idling performances as a result of magnifying the area of fuel atomization.</div>
Improving Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort of Smart Buildings with HVAC Systems in the Presence of Sensor Faults (2015)

The smart building, as an application of the cyber-physical systems (CPSs), plays an important role in everyday lives of people. Thermal comfort and energy efficiency are primary goals for HVAC systems in smart buildings. Since the controllers of the HVACs heavily rely on data of sensors that are deployed in the buildings, temporary or permanent sensor faults may lead to increased energy consumption or decreased thermal comfort far below expectations. In this paper, we examine sensor data faults observed in the real-world sensor deployments, and their effects on thermal comfort and energy efficiency in multi-room buildings. The read-back and nearest neighbor monitoring approaches are proposed considering temporal and spatial correlations between data of sensors to mitigate the faults of interest. We adopt a model-based design methodology for the multi-room building as a CPS application and develop reusable system models in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. We conclude that the aforementioned faults may significantly reduce energy efficiency and thermal comfort unless mitigated. The proposed approaches improved thermal comfort by up to 75% for the room where the faulty sensor was deployed and reduced total energy consumption by up to 38%.
Aquaporin Water Channels (2004)

Thank you very much. I am humbled, I am delighted; I am honored. This is every scientist's dream: to give the Nobel Lecture in Stockholm. But I would not be honest if I did not tell you that I am having a little anxiety being on this platform. I have lectured a number of times in Sweden, and I thought I would share with you some events preceding a special lecture that I gave here a few years ago. Arriving at Arlanda Airport, I waited in line at the Pass Control behind a group of businessmen in suits with briefcases. I heard the first in line asked by the control officer to state the purpose of his visit to Sweden. When the man replied "business," the officer approved and stamped his passport. One at a time, each stepped forward and was asked the same thing; each answered "business" and was approved. Eventually it was my turn, and I was dressed in rumpled clothes after spending the night in the Economy Minus section of an SAS jetliner. The officer asked me the purpose of my visit, and I said "I am here to give the von Euler Lecture at Karolinska Institute." The officer immediately looked up, stared at me, and asked, "Are you nervous?" At that point I became intensely nervous and said "Yes, I am a little nervous." The officer looked up again and stated "Well, you should be!" So if the lecturers look a little nervous, the problem is at Arlanda.
Vapor phase silylation of resist images (1989)

The silylation of novolak resin-based resist images has been reported, in which a volume expansion of the photoresist image upon silylation with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) has been noted. The volume expansion becomes noticeable only when silylation occurs through the whole resist thickness and is particularly noticeable in geometries &lt;1 μm. The volume expansion becomes insignificant with an estimated volume expansion of about 3% when silylation is restricted to only a superficial layer of about 100 nm thickness of the resist images &gt;0.35 μm width. For vapor phase silylation at 95 °C, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazane and tetramethyl-2,5-disila-1-azacyclopentane were used along with HMDS, bis(dimethylamino)methylsilane and others. We studied the oxygen RIE resistance and bilayer resist image transfer of the silylated images, and carried out depth analysis of silicon incorporation by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Without UV exposure the HMDS-silylated layer is very shallow, and considerable image flow occurs during the silylation reaction. Silylation with tetramethyldisilazane penetrates deeper and occurs at a faster rate, as shown by RBS data, but no swelling and no thermal flow of resist images were observed. Although a definite correlation was noted between the silicon distribution and oxygen RIE resistance, this resistance can differ considerably depending on the silylation agent, even when a similar silicon distribution is obtained. This is due to differing degrees of crosslinking.
Aberrations in temporal imaging (2001)

Recent advances in temporal imaging allow construction of systems that can expand or compress arbitrary waveforms in time, while maintaining the shape of their envelope profile with subpicosecond resolution. The process is analogous to imaging in space, with the quadratic spectral phase introduced by narrow-band dispersion performing the time-domain role of paraxial diffraction and quadratic temporal phase modulation acting as a time lens. Higher order phase terms in the dispersive networks and the time lens modulation introduce aberrations into the system. The effect each aberration has on the final temporal image varies depending on the system configuration and where the source is located in the system. A theoretical and experimental study of aberration effects is presented.
GPU-based tuning of quantum-inspired genetic algorithm for a combinatorial optimization problem (2012)

Abstract. This paper concerns efficient parameters tuning (meta-optimization) of a state-of-the-art metaheuristic, Quantum-Inspired Genetic Algorithm (QIGA), in a GPU-based massively parallel computing environment (NVidia CUDATMtechnology). A novel approach to parallel implementation of the algorithm has been presented. In a block of threads, each thread transforms a separate quantum individual or different quantum gene; In each block, a separate experiment with different population is conducted. The computations have been distributed to eight GPU devices, and over 400× speedup has been gained in comparison to Intel Core i7 2.93GHz CPU. This approach allows efficient meta-optimization of the algorithm parameters. Two criteria for the meta-optimization of the rotation angles in quantum genes state space have been considered. Performance comparison has been performed on combinatorial optimization (knapsack problem), and it has been presented that the tuned algorithm is superior to Simple Genetic Algorithm and to original QIGA algorithm.
Self‐Repairing Coatings Containing Active Nanoreservoirs (2007)

Nanocontainers with the ability to release encapsulated active materials in a controlled way can be employed to develop a new family of self-repairing multifunctional coatings, which possess not only passive functionality but also rapid feedback activity in response to changes in local environment. Several approaches to fabricate self-repairing coatings on plastic and metal substrates were surveyed. The release of the active materials occurs only when triggered, which prevents leakage of the active component out of the coating and increases coating durability. This Review also covers some principles and recent developments in the fabrication of nanocontainers with good compatibility with the coating components, the possibility to encapsulate and upkeep active material, and permeability properties of the shell controlled by external stimuli. Depending on the nature of the sensitive components introduced into the container shell, reversible and irreversible changes of the shell permeability can be induced by various stimuli. Different responses can be then observed varying from fine effects like tunable permeability to more drastic ones like total rupture of the container shell.
Hydrophilic Phage-Mimicking Membrane Active Antimicrobials Reveal Nanostructure-Dependent Activity and Selectivity (2017)

The prevalent wisdom on developing membrane active antimicrobials (MAAs) is to seek a delicate, yet unquantified, cationic-hydrophobic balance. Inspired by phages that use nanostructured protein devices to invade bacteria efficiently and selectively, we study here the antibiotic role of nanostructures by designing spherical and rod-like polymer molecular brushes (PMBs) that mimic the two basic structural motifs of bacteriophages. Three model PMBs with different well-defined geometries consisting of multiple, identical copies of densely packed poly(4-vinyl-N-methylpyridine iodide) branches are synthesized by controlled/"living" polymerization, reminiscent of the viral structural motifs comprised of multiple copies of protein subunits. We show that, while the individual linear-chain polymer branch that makes up the PMBs is hydrophilic and a weak antimicrobial, amphiphilicity is not a required antibiotic trait once nanostructures come into play. The nanostructured PMBs induce an unusual topological transition of bacterial but not mammalian membranes to form pores. The sizes and shapes of the nanostructures further help define the antibiotic activity and selectivity of the PMBs against different families of bacteria. This study highlights the importance of nanostructures in the design of MAAs with high activity, low toxicity, and target specificity.
Role of CXCR4 and SDF1 as prognostic factors for survival and the association with clinicopathology in colorectal cancer: A systematic meta-analysis (2017)

C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 and stromal cell-derived factor-1 were proven to play important roles in several types of cancer and in many biological processes connected with tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. However, the clinical significance of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 and stromal cell-derived factor-1 expression in colorectal cancer remains inaccurate. The purpose of this systematic meta-analysis is to investigate the role of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 and stromal cell-derived factor-1 as prognostic factors for survival and the association between C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4/ stromal cell-derived factor-1 and clinicopathology in colorectal cancer. Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant literatures updated till January 2017. Review Manager 5.3 was used for data analysis. In our meta-analysis, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 expression is related to tumor-node-metastasis stage, tumor differentiation, liver metastasis, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and diagnosis, and no correlation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 expression with tumor size, gender, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen, age, or vascular invasion has been observed. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 expression has no relationship with tumor-node-metastasis stage, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, age, gender, distant metastasis, or diagnosis. The expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 has association with tumor differentiation. Moreover, the pooled hazard ratio for disease-free survival/overall survival showed that overexpression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4/stromal cell-derived factor-1 reduced disease-free survival/overall survival in colorectal cancer. Therefore, High expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4/stromal cell-derived factor-1 which is essential in tumor progression can predict poor survival that may provide more advance prognostic clues to colorectal cancer patients.
Isolation and structure of brevetoxin B from the "red tide" dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis (Gymnodinium breve) (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and structure of brevetoxin B from the "red tide" dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis (Gymnodinium breve)Yong-Yeng Lin, Martin Risk, Sammy M. Ray, Donna Van Engen, Jon Clardy, Jerzy Golik, John C. James, and Koji NakanishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 22, 6773–6775Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00412a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00412a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1902Altmetric-Citations458LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Music Information Retrieval Based on Signal Processing (2007)

The main focus of this special issue is on the application of digital signal processing techniques for music information retrieval (MIR). MIR is an emerging and exciting area of research that seeks to solve a wide variety of problems dealing with preserving, analyzing, indexing, searching, and accessing large collections of digitized music. There are also strong interests in this field of research from music libraries and the recording industry as they move towards digital music distribution. The demands from the general public for easy access to these music libraries challenge researchers to create tools and algorithms that are robust, small, and fast. Music is represented in either encoded audio waveforms (CD audio, MP3, etc.) or symbolic forms (musical score, MIDI, etc.). Audio representations, in particular, require robust signal processing techniques for many applications of MIR since meaningful descriptions need to be extracted from audio signals in which sounds from multiple instruments and vocals are often mixed together. Researchers in MIR are therefore developing a wide range of new methods based on statistical pattern recognition, classification, andmachine learning techniques such as the HiddenMarkov Model (HMM), maximum likelihood estimation, and Bayes estimation as well as digital signal processing techniques such as Fourier and wavelet transforms, adaptive filtering, and source-filter models. New music interface and query systems leveraging such methods are also important for end users to benefit from MIR research. This issue contains sixteen papers covering wide range of topics in MIR. In the first paper, Diniz et al. introduce new spectral analysis methods that may be useful for pitch and feature extraction of music. In the second paper, Lacoste and Eck make an important contribution in detecting where a note starts, which is fundamental to many of higher-level MIR tasks. The next two papers, by Peeters and Alonso et al. deal with the challenge of finding tempo in music. The subsequent two papers by Kitahara et al. and Woodruff and Pardo consider the problem separating and identifying instruments in music with multiple instruments playing together while Poliner and Ellis focus on the difficult problem of piano transcription. To enhance queries based on sung melodies, Suzuki et al. use both lyric and pitch information. The problem of segmenting music into large sections is refined in the two papers by Jensen and Muller and Kurth. The issue of key finding in music is nontrivial and is covered by Chuan and Chew. The next three papers by West and Lamere, Cataltepe et al., and Barbedo and Lopes address the problem of music similarity and genre classification. A paper by Rossant and Bloch contributes to the advancement of optical music recognition systems, which help to create large symbolic music databases. The last paper by Goto et al. makes a worthy contribution by converting the emerging music notation standard MusicXML to Braille music notation.
Modification of Fully Automated Total Iron-binding Capacity (TIBC) Assay in Serum and Comparison with Dimension TIBC Method (2002)

Abstract Background: We previously reported the development of a fully automated assay for total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) in serum, using a multipurpose automated analyzer. However, this method requires four different reagents and is thus useful only with a limited number of available analyzers. We simplified our original assay and compared the analytical performance of the modified method with that of a commercial, fully automated TIBC assay (Dimension® TIBC assay). Methods: We simplified our original method to require only three reagents. Calibration was also altered and was performed with human transferrin standard solutions. An advantage of this method is that it does not require separation of excess unbound iron after the first step of transferrin saturation. Unbound iron is eliminated by formation of a complex with the chromogenic reagent ferrozine in the second step. Iron dissociated from transferrin by acidic pH reacts with ferrozine to form a colored complex in the final step, and the increase in absorbance at 570/660 nm is directly proportional to the TIBC measured. TIBC values were determined for 49 healthy individuals and 148 patients with this modified TIBC assay and with a commercial, fully automated TIBC method (Dimension clinical chemistry system), and calculation of TIBC based on the sum of the serum iron and unsaturated iron-binding capacity was performed for 97 patients. Results: The within-run CVs for the modified TIBC assay and the Dimension TIBC assay were &lt;4.8% and &lt;2.4%, and the between-run CVs were 1.2% and 1.7%, respectively. The dilution curves were linear for TIBC values up to at least 180 μmol/L with both methods. TIBC values obtained by our method were linearly correlated with serum transferrin concentrations (r = 0.984; Sy|x = 3.18 μmol/L; P &lt;0.001). The correlation between the values obtained with the present method (y) and those obtained with the Dimension TIBC method (x) was y = 1.04x + 1.19 μmol/L (r = 0.985; Sy|x = 2.47 μmol/L), and with the calculation method (x) was y = 1.18x + 2.62 μmol/L (r = 0.976; Sy|x = 3.27 μmol/L). Conclusions: Our modified, fully automated TIBC assay performed similarly to the Dimension TIBC assay and is adaptable for use with many multipurpose automated analyzers.
Battery Aging Deceleration for Power-Consuming Real-Time Systems (2019)

Battery aging is one of the critical issues in battery-powered electric systems. However, this issue has not received much attention in the real-time systems community. In this paper, we present the first attempt to translate the problem of minimizing battery aging subject to timing requirements into a real-time scheduling problem, addressing the following issues. (i) Can scheduling make a systematic impact on battery aging? If so, which scheduling principles are favorable to minimizing battery aging? (ii) If there exists any, how can we build upon the scheduling principle to guarantee real-time requirements? For (i), we first illuminate the connection between task scheduling and battery aging minimization and then derive a principle for task scheduling from abstracting the complicated dynamics of battery aging, which is to minimize the variance of total power consumption over time. In addition, we implement a battery aging simulator and use it to verify the effectiveness of the proposed principle in minimizing battery aging and its impact on quantitative improvement. For (ii), we propose a scheduling framework that separates control for timing guarantees from that for battery aging minimization. Such a separation allows reducing the complexity significantly such that we can employ existing scheduling algorithm and schedulability analysis for real-time guarantee and tailor the proposed scheduling principle to decelerate battery aging without taking real-time guarantees into accounts. Our simulation results show that the proposed framework can extend the battery lifespan by up to 144.4%.
<i>EGFR</i> mutation testing in lung cancer: a review of available methods and their use for analysis of tumour tissue and cytology samples (2012)

Several different testing methods offer a more sensitive alternative to direct sequencing for the detection of common EGFR mutations. Evidence published to date suggests cytology samples are viable alternatives for mutation testing when tumour tissue samples are not available.