gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Improved mobility in a multi-degree-of-freedom unmanned ground vehicle</title> (2004)

Mandelbrot, through his analysis of Fractals (Mandelbrot, 1977), has shown that the complexity of the physical geometry of nature is similar at all scales. This implies that a robot of fixed dimensions will always be too big to get through some passageways, and too small to get over some other obstacles. However, as others have demonstrated, increasing the number of the vehicle’s motion degrees of freedom (dof) may permit it to change its conformation and dimensions, affording to it a greater range of environmental dimensionality through which it may move. This paper contains a description of our multi dof unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), including the variety of basic behaviors of which it is capable. Our UGV is a six-dof, sensor-rich small mobile robot composed of three segments -- a central core and two tracked pods. The rotations of the pod tracks are the primary mobility mode (2-dof) of the vehicle. The pods are attached to the core at opposite ends, each by a single "L" axle that rotates through 180 degrees (2-dof), serving to improve balance and leverage. The pods can rotate 360 degrees about their end of the axle (2-dof) providing increased mobility over obstacles. The UGV in compact form is 17.6" long, 16.2" wide, and 4.6" tall, but can extend to 49" long to climb over obstacles or cross chasms, or rise to 16" high to straddle low obstacles. In its extended mode its maximum width is 9.5" permitting it to squeeze through an opening of that size. The UGV can independently draw in its two outer pods to grasp and longitudinally traverse horizontal pipes or logs or travel within a narrow culvert.
Regeneration of Sulfur-Fouled Bimetallic Pd-Based Catalysts (2007)

Pd-based catalysts provide efficient and selective reduction of several drinking water contaminants, but their long-term application requires effective treatments for catalyst regeneration following fouling by constituents in natural waters. This studytested alumina-supported Pd-Cu and Pd-In bimetallic catalysts for nitrate reduction with H2 after sulfide fouling and oxidative regeneration procedures. Both catalysts were severely deactivated after treatment with microM levels of sulfide. Regeneration was attempted with dissolved oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and heated air. Only sodium hypochlorite and heated air were effective regenerants, specifically restoring nitrate reduction rates for a Pd-In/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst from 20% to between 39 and 60% of original levels. Results from ICP-MS revealed that sodium hypochlorite caused dissolution of Cu from the Pd-Cu catalyst but that the Pd-In catalyst was chemically stable over a range of sulfide fouling and oxidative regenerative conditions. Analysis byXPS indicated that PdS and In2S3 complexes form during sulfide fouling, where sulfur is present as S2-, and that regeneration with sodium hypochlorite converts a portion of the S2- to S6+, with a corresponding increase in reduction rates. These results indicate that Pd-In catalysts show exceptional promise for being robust under fouling and regeneration conditions that may occur when treating natural waters.
Profiling Entities over Time in the Presence of Unreliable Sources (2017)

To harness the rich amount of information available on the web today, many organizations aggregate public (and private) data to derive knowledge repositories for real-world entities. This paper aims to build historical profiles of real-world entities by integrating temporal records collected from different sources. This problem is challenging not only because entities may change their attribute values over time, but also because information provided by the sources could be unreliable. In this paper, we present a new solution for profiling entities over time. To understand the evolution of entities, we describe a novel transition model which gives the probability that an entity will change to a particular attribute value after some time period. Next, a set of quality metrics are defined for the data sources to capture the exactness and timeliness of their provided values. The transition model and the quality metrics are then built into a source-aware temporal matching algorithm that can link temporal records to entities at the right time and augment entity profiles with correct values. Our suite of experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to outperform the state-of-the-art techniques by constructing more complete and accurate profiles for entities.
Limitations of handsfree acoustic echo cancellers due to nonlinear loudspeaker distortion and enclosure vibration effects (2002)

The limitations of adaptive echo cancellers (AEC) for handsfree telephony include noise, finite precision and truncation effects, undermodelling of the acoustic impulse response, vibration of the plastic enclosure, loudspeaker nonlinearities, dynamic tracking and convergence and double-talk. This paper examines the effect that the loudspeaker nonlinearity and enclosure vibration have on the steady state ERLE performance and concludes that enclosure vibration is an important limitation which, although rarely mentioned in the literature, is probably the major limitation in terms of sound quality. Experimental measurements indicate that enclosure vibration at medium to high loudspeaker volumes limits the achievable ERLE and the perceived audio quality more than any other limitation mentioned above.
PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN RASIDANCE MIMIKA (2021)

ABSTRAK Perumahan merupakan salah satu elemen penting dalam pembangunan suatu wilayah, Maka dari itu dalam pembuatan perumahan sebaiknya di sertakan site plan perumahan yang telah di rencanakaan. Yang dimanasite plan salah satu bentuk kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan perencanaan dari suatu lahan atau kawasan yang akan didirikan sarana bangunan atau fasilitas arsitektwal, seperti: bangunan atau gedung, jalan dan jembatan. Dalam pembuatan sife pilar dalam kawasan perumahan, digunakan istilah yang berhubungan dengan tata guna lahan di suau kawasan. Dengan memperhatikan dan mempertimbangkan aspek tata guna lahan tersebut yang berkaitan dengan tingkat kepadatan dari hunian yang akan di rencanakan.
Magnetic resonance imaging with non-uniform fields (1986)

Various methods have been used to recover NMR images with non-uniform magnetic fields. The authors describe a new method which recovers the image, and an exact solution for the spatially dependent magnetic inhomogeneities from data obtained from commonly used direct Fourier transform pulse-gradient sequences, at a negligible cost of extra computation.
Regulation of interleukin 2 receptor alpha subunit (Tac or CD25 antigen) gene expression: binding of inducible nuclear proteins to discrete promoter sequences correlates with transcriptional activation. (1988)

Transfection of deleted forms of the human interleukin 2 receptor alpha subunit (IL-2R alpha; also called CD25 or Tac antigen) gene (IL2RA) promoter revealed a requirement for sequences 3' of base -317 for phytohemagglutinin- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced promoter activation in CD4+ Jurkat T cells. In contrast, sequences 3' of base -271 were sufficient for promoter induction in CD4-/CD8- YT-1 T cells or Jurkat cells expressing the transactivator protein (tat-I) of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). Gel retardation assays revealed that nuclear extracts from induced, but not uninduced, Jurkat and YT-1 cells mediated the formation of two specific DNA-protein complexes with oligonucleotides spanning the region of the IL2RA promoter from position -291 to -245, which contains two imperfect direct repeats (IDRs). Consistent with the different 5' sequence requirements for promoter activation in Jurkat and YT-1 cells, oligonucleotides corresponding to the region from -267 to -243 (downstream IDR and flanking region) formed only one complex with induced Jurkat extracts but two complexes with induced YT-1 extracts. Oligonucleotides containing the region of the IL2RA promoter from -293 to -270 (upstream IDR and flanking region) failed to bind protein in either cell type. In further support of the biological significance of these DNA-protein interactions, the IL2RA oligonucleotide from -291 to -245 proved to be sufficient in either orientation to confer PMA inducibility to the mitogen-insensitive thymidine kinase gene promoter in Jurkat cells. Together, these findings suggest that the interaction of inducible DNA binding proteins with the IL2RA promoter between bases -291 and -245 plays an important role in mitogen-induced changes in the transcriptional activity of this receptor gene. Furthermore, the requisite 5' sequences appear to differ in T cells depending upon the nature of the activation signal and perhaps the stage of cellular maturation.
A Generalization of PGV-Hash Functions and Security Analysis in Black-Box Model. (2004)

In [1] it was proved that 20 out of 64 PGV-hash functions [2] based on block cipher are collision resistant and one-way-secure in blackbox model of the underlying block cipher. Here, we generalize the de - nition of PGV-hash function into a hash family and we will prove that besides the previous 20 hash functions we have 22 more collision resistant and one-way secure hash families. As all these 42 families are keyed hash family, these become target collision resistant also. All these 42 hash families have tight upper and lower bounds on (target) collision resistant and one-way-ness.
Full-spectrum nonlinear response of a sinusoidally modulated rotating disk electrode (2005)

The nonlinear behavior of a sinusoidally modulated rotating disk electrode (RDE) is analyzed to identify the flow and concentration field interactions that lead to resonance and nullification conditions in the electrochemical response of the system. Steady periodic solutions to the von Kármán self-similar form of the Navier–Stokes equations and convective diffusion equation are examined using a combined Fourier transform/perturbation approach that yields a set of frequency dispersion equations solved using the finite element method. Experimental measurements using a RDE with sinusoidal angular velocity waveform Ω=Ω0+ΔΩcos(ω0t) are compared to theory for modulation amplitudes ΔΩ∕Ω0&lt;1 and electrolyte Schmidt number of 1680. The modulation frequency ω0 is varied from the quasisteady to high-frequency limits to obtain the phase and amplitude of the mean, fundamental, and higher-harmonic limiting current. We show that distinct features (resonances and nullifications) in the nonlinear mean and higher harmonic components of limiting current result from constructive and destructive (in phase and 180° out of phase, respectively) interactions between cross terms of the oscillating components in the axial flow and concentration fields near the disk surface.
The effect of fructose on collagen glycation. (1989)

The effect of fructose on the formation of advanced Maillard reaction products which have fluorescence and cross-links was investigated. Type I collagen was added to various concentrations of glucose and fructose which were then incubated at 37 C for 4 weeks. Both the level of furosine and the fluorescence intensity increased in direct proportion to glucose and fructose levels and to the duration of incubation. Incubation with fructose produced less furosine but more intense fluorescence than incubation with glucose. These results suggest that fructose in the polyol pathway plays an important role in the formation of advanced Maillard products.
Selective preservation of protein kinase C‐ζ in the chemoprevention of azoxymethane‐induced colonic tumors by piroxicam (1995)

While nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to exert preventive effects against the development of colonic tumors in humans and in chemically-induced tumors in animal models, the mechanism(s) involved in this phenomenon is unclear. We have recently demonstrated that one such agent, piroxicam, when supplemented (75 ppm) in the diets of rats administered azoxymethane, reduced the incidence of rats bearing tumors. To date, the effects of piroxicam on protein kinase C, a family of serine/threonine kinases which may be intimately involved in the colonic malignant transformation process, have not been examined. It was, therefore, of interest to determine whether piroxicam altered the expression of one or more isoforms of this kinase in these tumors. The present studies demonstrate that dietary piroxicam selectively preserved the expression of protein kinase C-zeta in azoxymethane-induced tumors; suggesting that this is at least one mechanism involved in this agent's chemopreventive actions in this organ.
Motion-compensated temporal summation of cardiac gated SPECT images using a deformable mesh model (2009)

We propose a motion-compensated non-rigid summation method for noise reduction in cardiac gated SPECT. This approach generates a static SPECT image containing counts from all frames of the gated sequence while accounting for heart motion to avoid motion-blur artifact. Static cardiac images typically suffer from heart motion occurring during acquisition which introduces the so-called motion blur artifact. Gated acquisitions, on the other hand, are characterized by lower counts in each individual frame, thus resulting in noisy images. Methods have been proposed to sum the gated sequence along the time dimension while accounting for heart motion, but they do not account for partial volume effect, manifested by an intensity increase as the myocardium contracts. The partial volume effect, a useful diagnostic feature has to be accounted for during both motion estimation and temporal summation. The proposed method relies on a deformable mesh model to estimate heart motion while accounting for the partial volume effect. The estimated motion is further used to perform non-rigid summation along the time dimension. We show that the proposed method yields visual improvement on clinical data. In addition, quantitative evaluation from phantom studies proves that the proposed method achieves better noise reduction performance than available clinical techniques.
Position estimation for mobile robot using in-plane 3-axis IMU and active beacon (2009)

In most cases, indoor environment is unstable because of floor condition, obstacles and room noise. So, to elevate accuracy of robot position data at unstable condition, a robot navigation system needs to apply diverse sensor fusion methods. This paper presents a navigation system consisting of a MEMS based digital in-plane 3 axis IMU (inertial measurement unit), an active beacon system and an odometer to obtain more precise robot position data and to monitor robot movement in realtime. Two accelerometers and one gyroscope compensate the nonsystematic errors of an odometer and perceive collision, bounce and slippage. Besides, fusing data of an IMU and an odometer can provide robot position data when an active beacon is losing its signal. When relative robot position data is unreliable, an active beacon system provides the absolute position data of the robot. To reduce noise of input sensors signal, low-pass filter and Kalman filter are applied. The sensor data from an in-plane 3-axis IMU, an odometer and an active beacon system are combined to obtain a precise navigation system. Results from two experiments in a real environment show that accuracy of robot position is elevated and that robot position data is not lost irrespective of robot's environment.
Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar pomona Antibodies in Bovine Sera (2001)

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a specific monoclonal antibody (M898) was developed for detection of bovine antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. This assay was evaluated using field sera (n = 190) with serovar pomona microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titers of > or =100 as the positive population (group A); field sera (n = 1,445) which were negative in the MAT (1:100 dilution) for serovar pomona (group B); and sera (from a specific-pathogen-free cattle herd [n = 210]) which were negative in the MAT (1:100 dilution) for serovars canicola, copenhageni, grippotyphosa, hardjo, pomona, and sejroe (group C). At the cutoff point recommended by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the combined ELISA results of serum groups A, B, and C, the sensitivity and specificity values were 93.7 and 96.3%, respectively. The value for the area under this ROC curve was 0.977, indicating a high level of accuracy for the ELISA. Similar results were obtained from the analysis of the combined results of serum groups A and B and from the analysis of the combined results of serum groups A and C.
Seromic profiling of ovarian and pancreatic cancer (2010)

Autoantibodies, a hallmark of both autoimmunity and cancer, represent an easily accessible surrogate for measuring adaptive immune responses to cancer. Sera can now be assayed for reactivity against thousands of proteins using microarrays, but there is no agreed-upon standard to analyze results. We developed a set of tailored quality control and normalization procedures based on ELISA validation to allow patient comparisons and determination of individual cutoffs for specificity and sensitivity. Sera from 60 patients with pancreatic cancer, 51 patients with ovarian cancer, and 53 age-matched healthy donors were used to assess the binding of IgG antibodies against a panel of >8000 human antigens using protein microarrays and fluorescence detection. The resulting data interpretation led to the definition and ranking of proteins with preferred recognition by the sera from cancer patients in comparison with healthy donors, both by frequency and strength of signal. We found that 202 proteins were preferentially immunogenic in ovarian cancer sera compared to 29 in pancreatic cancer, with few overlaps. Correlates of autoantibody signatures with known tumor expression of corresponding antigens, functional pathways, clinical stage, and outcome were examined. Serological analysis of arrays displaying the complete human proteome (seromics) represents a new era in cancer immunology, opening the way to defining the repertoire of the humoral immune response to cancer.
Computationally Efficient Pseudo-2D Non-Isothermal Modeling of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells with Two-Phase Phenomena (2016)

In this article, a computationally efficient pseudo-2D model for real-time dynamic simulations of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is developed with a specific focus on water and thermal management. The model accounts for temperature dynamics, two-phase flow and flooding in the diffusion media, and membrane water crossover as well as absorption and desorption processes. Computational efficiency is achieved by leveraging the disparate time scales within the system dynamics, in addition to exploiting the large aspect ratio of the cell layers to create a spatio-temporal decoupling. Taking advantage of such decoupling, the model yields a computationally efficient solution while providing detailed information about the state of water and temperature throughout the cell. Through this approach, the current implementation of the model is found to be about twice faster than real time. Moreover, a case study is carried out where different mechanisms contributing to overall water balance in the cell are investigated. The results are shown to be in qualitative agreement with published experimental data, thereby providing a preliminary validation of the modeling approach. Finally, using the modeling results, an equivalent electrical circuit model is proposed to help elucidate water transport inside various cell layers.
Myocardial collagen remodeling and left ventricular diastolic function. (1992)

1. The myocardial collagen matrix is an active participant in determining ventricular architecture and diastolic function, and myocardial structural integrity and mechanical properties. It consists of a network of fibrillar collagen which is intimately related with the myocyte, myofibril and muscle fiber as well as the coronary vasculature. Consisting primarily of collagen types I and III, this material exhibits a high tensile strength which, even though normally present in relatively small amounts, plays an important role in the behavior of the ventricle during diastole. 2. Removal of less than half of the normal amount of collagen results in a dilated ventricle with increased compliance. Collagen degradation of this magnitude and similar myocardial and ventricle with increased compliance. Collagen degradation of this magnitude and similar myocardial and ventricular histologic and functional alterations are evident during ischemia and in dilated cardiomyopathy. Thus, it would appear that a chronic change in the shape and size of the heart must be preceded by alterations in the interstitial collagen matrix. 3. With elevations in the circulating levels of angiotensin and/or mineralocorticoids, the hypertrophic response of the myocardium to the accompanying hypertension includes a progressive remodeling of the collagen component. Typically there is an increase in collagen concentration, thickening of existing fibrillar collagen and the addition of new collagen at all levels of the matrix. The consequences of this remodeling are an adverse alteration of the passive mechanical properties of the myocardium and LV diastolic dysfunction. This pathophysiologic aspect of the hypertrophic process is independent of the concomitant remodeling of the myocyte.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Algorithms for Reengineering 1991 Census Geography (1995)

"The availability of GIS [geographic information systems] technology and digital boundaries of census output areas now makes it possible for users to design their own census geography. Three algorithms are described that can be used for this purpose. An Arc/Info implementation is briefly outlined and case studies presented to demonstrate some of the results of explicitly designing zoning systems for use with 1991 [U.K.] census data."
<title>Macroscopic devices and complex movements developed with artificial muscles</title> (2002)

Conducting polymer-based actuators undergo volumetric changes as they are oxidized or reduced, from which mechanical work can be obtained. Polypyrrole (Ppy)-based actuator devices have attracted recent interest because of their similarities with the natural muscles. However, the operation of these and others actuators has largely been constrained to microscopical world. Macroscopical operation is clearly desirable for many potential applications. We have fabricated a new macroscopical actuator device based on PPy acting in liquid media. Using trilayers (PPy film/adhesive polymer /PPy film), and rigid pieces articulate actuators of 9,5 cm in long have been developed. The position of the trilayers at the device and its design simulate the movement of a finger where the movements of each trilayer are as articulations. These materials present a high degree of mobility, a good energy density, a medium speed of response and low operation voltages; these features are desirable for robotic applications. A simple equation based on electrochemical characterization of trilayer can predict device performance from load conditions. A lineal join for a double articulated (finger-like) device using macroscopical trilayer actuator has been demonstrated.