gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer Acquisition of Nuclear Medicine Images (1994)

Objective: The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive description of computer acquisition modes in nuclear medicine. Methods: The paper discusses each acquisition mode in detail, explaining when use of each mode is justified. Results: The effects of each acquisition mode on the resulting images are discussed. Conclusion: Knowledge of acquisition modes and competence in acquiring digital images is a vital skill for nuclear medicine technologists.
Syntax tree fingerprinting for source code similarity detection (2009)

Numerous approaches based on metrics, token sequence pattern-matching, abstract syntax tree (AST) or program dependency graph (PDG) analysis have already been proposed to highlight similarities in source code: in this paper we present a simple and scalable architecture based on AST fingerprinting. Thanks to a study of several hashing strategies reducing false-positive collisions, we propose a framework that efficiently indexes AST representations in a database, that quickly detects exact (w.r.t source code abstraction) clone clusters and that easily retrieves their corresponding ASTs. Our aim is to allow further processing of neighboring exact matches in order to identify the larger approximate matches, dealing with the common modification patterns seen in the intra-project copy-pastes and in the plagiarism cases.
Detection of false data injection in power grid exploiting low rank and sparsity (2013)

Smart grids are vulnerable to cyber attacks because of the inevitable coupling between cyber and physical operations. Diagnosing such malicious false data attack has significant importance to ensure reliable operations of power grids. This task is challenging, however, when attackers inject bad data into power systems that are able to circumvent the traditional maximum residual detection method. By noticing the intrinsic low rank structure of temporal erroneous-free measurements of power grid as well as sparse nature of observable malicious attacks, we formulate the false data detection problem as low-rank matrix recovery and completion problem, which is solved by convex optimization that minimizes a combination of the nuclear norm and the l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm. To efficiently solve this mixed-norm optimization, the method of augmented Lagrange multipliers is applied, which offers provable optimality and convergence rate. Numerical simulation results both on the synthetic and real data validate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.
Enantioselective Tandem <i>O</i>-Nitroso Aldol/Michael Reaction (2004)

This communication presents studies that illustrated nitroso Diels-Alder adduct has been obtained in uniformly high enantioselectivity via a tandem nitroso aldol/Michael reaction using an amine catalyst. The regiochemical outcome of this construction is documented to be the opposite to that of the normal nitroso aldol reaction, which has been determined by X-ray analysis. The reaction of the enone with silver-BINAP catalyst has also been investigated in conjunction with the control of regiochemistry in a stepwise process.
Elastomer membrane pressure sensors for microfluidics (2010)

We present a novel pressure sensor for microfluidics with optical readout. The multilayer soft lithographic design allows high sensitivity pressure measurements in microchannels using only an optical microscope in transmission mode. We discuss their fabrication, operation and performance.
Chemical Modification of a Bridging Ligand Inside a Metal–Organic Framework while Maintaining the 3D Structure (2008)

Abstract A new metal–organic framework (MOF) with amino groups situated inside the pores has been synthesized. This MOF has been modified by post‐synthesis with two different functionalities. The crystal structures of the two functionalized MOFs clearly demonstrate that it is possible to transform the cavities of a MOF without modifying its original 3D structure. These unprecedented results open up tremendous possibilities in the field of MOF chemistry because many potential applications in the fields of catalysis, material science ornanochemistry can be envisaged when applying the reported synthetic pathway.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Independent recovery in large-scale distributed systems (1996)

In large systems, replication can become important means to improve data access times and availability. Existing recovery protocols, on the other hand, were proposed for small-scale distributed systems. Such protocols typically update stale, newly-recovered sites with replicated data and resolve the commit uncertainty of recovering sites. Thus, given that in large systems failures are more frequent and that data access times are costlier, such protocols can potentially introduce large overheads in large systems and must be avoided, if possible. We call these protocols dependent recovery protocols since they require a recovering site to consult with other sites. Independent recovery has been studied in the context of one-copy systems and has been proven unattainable. This paper offers independent recovery protocols for large-scale systems with replicated data. It shows how the protocols can be incorporated into several well-known replication protocols and proves that these protocols continue to ensure data consistency. The paper then addresses the issue of nonblocking atomic commitment. It presents mechanisms which can reduce the overhead of termination protocols and the probability of blocking. Finally, the performance impact of the proposed recovery protocols is studied through the use of simulation and analytical studies. The results of these studies show that the significant benefits of independent recovery can be enjoyed with a very small loss in data availability and a very small increase in the number of transaction abortions.
Novel Technique for Zirconia‐Coated Mullite (1993)

A novel, low‐cost, screen‐printing route to obtain zirconiacoated mullite starting from zircon powder has been proposed. A zirconia thick film of ∼30‐μm thickness with a strong adherence to the mullite substrate has been obtained. The role of zircon impurities in the coating characteristics as well as the effect of firing temperature are discussed.
Ultrasound transducer models for piezoelectric polymer films (1989)

A method is presented for determining the piezoelectric constants and the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of the polymers from a five-step algorithm based on analysis of air-loaded broadband impedance measurements. It is shown how to account for the frequency-dependent lossy properties of these films in an equivalent impedance circuit model and a modified Mason's model. Comparisons between the models and actual film transducers show excellent broadband simulation of both electrical input impedance and ultrasonic pulse-echo performance.
Application of Hole Theory to the Viscosity of Ionic and Molecular Liquids (2004)

Holey waters: The viscosity of a range of ionic and molecular fluids is shown to be proportional to the probability of finding an adjacent hole of sufficient dimensions to permit movement. An expression for the viscosity of an ideal gas can be modified by this probability function to account for the viscosity of liquids (see graphic).
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIP AND KNEE OSTEOARTRRITIS1 (1988)

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIP AND KNEE OSTEOARTRRITIS Get access DAVID T. FELSON DAVID T. FELSON Reprint requests to Dr. David T. Felson, ACC 3E-09, Boston City Hospital, Boston, MA 02118 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Epidemiologic Reviews, Volume 10, Issue 1, 1988, Pages 1–28, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036019 Published: 01 March 1988
Analysis of colorectal cancer by comparative genomic hybridization: evidence for induction of the metastatic phenotype by loss of tumor suppressor genes. (1998)

Current models suggest that colon cancer initiation and progression are secondary to both the activation of oncogenes and the deletion of tumor suppressor genes. The role of each, however, is still poorly understood, particularly with regard to the induction of metastasis. We hypothesized that genetic differences exist between tumors that metastasize distantly and those that do not, and that oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes participate equally in this process. To address this hypothesis, human tumor specimens from localized [tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage I-III] and primary colon cancers (n = 10) were directly compared with metastatic (TNM stage IV) lesions (n = 10) using comparative genomic hybridization analysis. Although several alterations were shared equally between primary tumors and metastases (+7q, +19q, and +20q), two patterns of distinguishing alterations were observed: (a) alterations that were more extensive in liver metastases than in primary tumors (+8q, +13q, -4p, -8p, -15q, -17p, -18q, -21q, and -22q); and (b) alterations that were unique to metastatic lesions (-9q, -11q, and -17q). Overall, genetic losses were more common than gains, and, more importantly, the number of losses/tumor was significantly higher for metastases than for primary tumors (9.3 + 1.3 versus 4.1 + 0.7; P = 0.00062, Wilcoxon's rank-sum test). The distinct predominance of genetic losses in the metastatic lesions when compared with the primary localized tumors provides evidence that the metastatic phenotype is induced by the deletion of tumor suppressor genes and permits the construction of physical maps targeting regions where novel tumor suppressor genes are likely to exist.
Auxin-Regulated Transcription (1993)

We have cloned and sequenced a number of auxin-responsive cDNAs and their corresponding genes from soybean and Arabidopsis. Each of these genes, with the exception of GH2/4, is transcriptionally regulated specifically by auxins within minutes after hormone application. The auxin-responsive mRNAs are induced some 3-60-fold depending on the type of mRNA analysed, the tissue examined, the dose and duration of auxin application, and the manipulation of the organ tested. Some of the mRNAs show rapid turnover kinetics. The mRNAs show distinct patterns of organ-specific, tissue-specific, and developmental-specific expression. The promoters of the auxin-responsive genes have been fused to the E. coli uidA gene which encodes β-glucuronidase (GUS) and transferred into tobacco and/or Arabidopsis via Agrobacterium T-DNA. These promoters and parts of these promoters have been used to follow the expression patterns and auxin-inducibility of the reporter genes in transgenic plants. We are attempting to identify minimal auxin-responsive elements and gravity-responsive elements within these promoters. We have also fused the auxin-inducible promoters to bacterial genes that encode cytokinin and auxin biosynthetic or conjugating enzymes to study the effects of organ, tissue, and developmental-specific expression of cytokinins and auxins on plant growth, development, and physiology.
A kinetic study of the reaction of NO2 with HI over the temperature range 278 to 333 K (2001)

The rate constant, k, for the reaction, NO2 + HI → products, has been measured directly for the first time. The rate was found to be − d[NO2]/dt = k[NO2][HI] with k = (6.9 ± 1.1) × 10−19 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 303 K. The measurements were made under pseudo-first-order conditions with HI in excess over NO2. NO2 loss rate was monitored by FTIR in a static glass reactor. NO, H2O and I2 were observed as products and HNO2 as an intermediate. The study showed that the reaction was influenced by the conditions of the wall which had a surface loss rate constant kw = 0.13 s−1. This indicates that the measured k is an upper limit. Within a limited pressure range, the rate was independent of the total pressure in the system. From measurements made over the temperature range 278–333 K, we obtained the following expression for k = (3.6 ± 0.2) × 10−14 × exp[ − (2.7 ± 0.7) × 104/RT] cm3 molecule−1 s−1 valid between 293 and 333 K. A reaction scheme is proposed involving as the initiation step based on the kinetic and product studies, followed by a heterogeneous reaction between HNO2 and HI. A comparison of the reactions between NO2 with HX is made. This reaction is unlikely to play a major role in the removal of HI and as a source for HNO2 in the atmosphere because of its slow rate.
Retention mechanism study of the ferroelectric field effect transistor (2011)

Single-transistor ferroelectric field effect transistor offers attractive features for future memory applications, such as scalable cell structure, high speed, and low power consumption. However, its relatively short retention time has prevented its application as a non-volatile memory. In order to investigate its retention mechanism, we have developed an automatic retention measurement technique, which enables direct flatband voltage tracking shortly after programming. Two mechanisms, based on the effects of the depolarization field and the gate leakage followed by trapping, respectively, have been identified responsible for the memory window loss in different time regimes, according to the data obtained from this technique.
Interferometric Measurement of Large Indices of Refraction (1966)

A method for determination of refractive indices which may be applied to thin flat plates of optical materials is considered. It is particularly suited for use with materials whose refractive indices are large (>1.8), but is not limited in the range of refractive index it can determine. The method uses an interferometer to measure the optical pathlength through a sample, and is shown to have moderate accuracy: +/-2 x 10(-4) in refractive index for a sample 0.5 mm thick. The effect of a nonideal sample is considered, and is shown to have only a small effect on the accuracy. The method has been applied to singlecrystal barium titanate in the visible spectrum, and tabulated results are given.
A role for hyaluronan in joint development. (1990)

Hyaluronan, a common connective tissue component, influences cell adhesion, migration and cytodifferentiation in vitro, and because of these properties has been postulated to have a role in morphogenesis. Its role in the development of cartilage-associated structures, such as joints, has yet to be defined. Using a biotinylated hyaluronan-binding region-link protein complex, free hyaluronan binding sites have been localised in the joint region concomitant with the first signs of cavitation (Stage 37), whereafter it is localised in the joint space and is maintained here as this enlarges. The application of our results is discussed in the context of a primary role for hyaluronan in joint cavity formation.
Microarray analysis of genes associated with cell surface NIS protein levels in breast cancer (2011)

Further investigation on genes associated with cell surface NIS protein levels within each breast cancer molecular subtype may lead to novel targets for selectively increasing NIS expression/function in a subset of breast cancers patients.
The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthetic pathway of bloodstream‐form<i> Trypanosoma brucei </i>is dependent on the<i> de novo </i>synthesis of inositol (2006)

In bloodstream-form Trypanosoma brucei (the causative agent of African sleeping sickness) the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor biosynthetic pathway has been validated genetically and chemically as a drug target. The conundrum that GPI anchors could not be in vivo labelled with [3H]-inositol led us to hypothesize that de novo synthesis was responsible for supplying myo-inositol for phosphatidylinositol (PI) destined for GPI synthesis. The rate-limiting step of the de novo synthesis is the isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to 1-D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate, catalysed by a 1-D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (INO1). When grown under non-permissive conditions, a conditional double knockout demonstrated that INO1 is an essential gene in bloodstream-form T. brucei. It also showed that the de novo synthesized myo-inositol is utilized to form PI, which is preferentially used in GPI biosynthesis. We also show for the first time that extracellular myo-inositol can in fact be used in GPI formation although to a limited extent. Despite this, extracellular inositol cannot compensate for the deletion of INO1. Supporting these results, there was no change in PI levels in the conditional double knockout cells grown under non-permissive conditions, showing that perturbation of growth is due to a specific lack of de novo synthesized myo-inositol and not a general inositol-less death. These results suggest that there is a distinction between de novo synthesized myo-inositol and that from the extracellular environment.
Mitochondrially Targeted α-Tocopheryl Succinate Is Antiangiogenic: Potential Benefit Against Tumor Angiogenesis but Caution Against Wound Healing (2011)

We conclude that MitoVES, a mitochondrially targeted analog of α-tocopheryl succinate, is an efficient antiangiogenic agent of potential clinical relevance, exerting considerably higher activity than its untargeted counterpart. MitoVES may be helpful against cancer but may compromise wound healing.
Center pivot irrigation system analysis using airborne remotely sensed imagery: a commercial remote sensing case study (2002)

TRW's Ag Resource Mapping agricultural remote sensing program operated a commercial airborne remote sensing service in the State of Washington during the growing season of 1994. As part of the remote sensing program, TRW offered a prototype irrigation management service that was targeted at the early season verification/evaluation of the functionality of center pivot irrigation systems. Initial commercial market evaluation regarding this service indicated a substantial number of potential customers over a wide area. Initial concepts for the fulfilment of the service indicated good economics (based on number of fields covered per flight and cost per field imaged). During the study, it was demonstrated that the remote sensing of center pivot irrigation systems can be successfully addressed with high resolution film based remote sensing systems. However, the author's experience indicates that servicing a very large number of customers over a wide area can be economically problematic and that the difficulties are an interplay of complex market, system, weather, geographic, crop, and customer related factors.
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by high affinity cross-linking of gp41 to human macrophage Fc IgG receptor using bispecific antibody (1994)

Human monocytes/macrophages, which express Fc receptors for IgG are involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and pathogenesis. These receptors are known to mediate numerous immunological functions including cell-mediated killing and possibly targeting of HIV to the lysophagosome monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) entry route for virus neutralization. To study both activities in HIV-1 infection, MDM Fc gamma RI was specifically selected using bispecific antibody (Bs-Ab) containing whole human monoclonal antibody against gp41 and the Fab' fragment of murine anti-Fc gamma RI 22.2 antibody. Bs-Ab was found to mediate potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and virus neutralization.
Cytokine‐Leukocyte Networks and the Establishment of Pregnancy (1997)

Our studies suggest that semen may play a critical role in providing the antigenic and environmental signals necessary to initiate an appropriate maternal immune response to the conceptus during pregnancy.
Remodeling of Membrane Lipids in Iron-starved Chlamydomonas (2013)

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells exposed to abiotic stresses (e.g. nitrogen, zinc, or phosphorus deficiency) accumulate triacylglycerols (TAG), which are stored in lipid droplets. Here, we report that iron starvation leads to formation of lipid droplets and accumulation of TAGs. This occurs between 12 and 24 h after the switch to iron-starvation medium. C. reinhardtii cells deprived of iron have more saturated fatty acid (FA), possibly due to the loss of function of FA desaturases, which are iron-requiring enzymes with diiron centers. The abundance of a plastid acyl-ACP desaturase (FAB2) is decreased to the same degree as ferredoxin. Ferredoxin is a substrate of the desaturases and has been previously shown to be a major target of the iron deficiency response. The increase in saturated FA (C16:0 and C18:0) is concomitant with the decrease in unsaturated FA (C16:4, C18:3, or C18:4). This change was gradual for diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), whereas the monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) FA profile remained stable during the first 12 h, whereas MGDG levels were decreasing over the same period of time. These changes were detectable after only 2 h of iron starvation. On the other hand, DGTS and DGDG contents gradually decreased until a minimum was reached after 24-48 h. RNA-Seq analysis of iron-starved C. reinhardtii cells revealed notable changes in many transcripts coding for enzymes involved in FA metabolism. The mRNA abundances of genes coding for components involved in TAG accumulation (diacylglycerol acyltransferases or major lipid droplet protein) were increased. A more dramatic increase at the transcript level has been observed for many lipases, suggesting that major remodeling of lipid membranes occurs during iron starvation in C. reinhardtii.
Scalable QoS guaranteed communication services for real-time applications (2002)

We propose an approach to flow-unaware admission control which is a combination with an aggregate packet forwarding scheme, improving scalability of networks while guaranteeing end-to-end deadlines for real-time applications. We achieve this by using an off-line delay computation and verification step, which allows to reduce the overhead at admission control while keeping admission probability and resource utilization high. Our evaluation data show that our system's admission probabilities are very close to those of significantly more expensive flow-aware approaches. At the same time, the admission control overhead during flow establishment is very low. Our results therefore support the claim from the DS architecture literature that scalability can be achieved through flow aggregation without sacrificing resource utilization and with significant reduction in run time overhead.
A Strategy for the Convergent and Stereoselective Assembly of Polycyclic Molecules (2018)

The stereoselective oxidative coupling of cyclic ketones via silyl bis-enol ethers followed by ring-closing metathesis is shown to be a general and powerful reaction sequence for the preparation of diverse polycyclic scaffolds from simple precursors. The modular strategy successfully constructs substructures prevalent in numerous bioactive natural product families, varying in substitution and carbocyclic composition. Several of the prepared compounds were shown to possess potent cytotoxic activity against a panel of tumor cell lines. The utility of this strategy was further demonstrated by a concise and highly convergent 17-step formal synthesis of the complex antimalarial marine diterpene, (+)-7,20-diisocyanoadociane.