gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dyson: an architecture for extensible wireless LANs (2010)

As wireless local area networks (WLANs) continue to evolve. the fun-damental division of responsibility between the access point (AP) and the client has remained unchanged. In most cases, clients make independent decisions about associations and packet transmissions, using only locally available information. Furthermore, the IEEE 802.11 standard defines a very limited interface for transferring information between the APs and the clients. These factors impede customization of WLANs to meet site-specific challenges, and in a more general sense, impede rapid innovation to face challenges posed by new applications such as VoIP. This paper describes Dyson, an extensible architecture for WLANs, tar-geted primarily at enterprise scenarios. Our architecture is based on cen-tralized, global management of channel resources. To provide extensibility, the interface between the infrastructure and clients is simple and relatively low-level, and can be controlled through a programmatic interface. Clients provide primitives that allow the central controller to control many aspects of client behavior. The controller can also instruct clients to gather and re-port information about channel conditions. We show that using these simple primitives, and by leveraging historical information, the network designer can easily customize many aspects of the WLAN behavior. We have built a prototype implementation of Dyson, which currently runs on a 23-node testbed distributed across one floor of a typical academic building. Using this testbed, we examine various aspects of the architecture in detail, including a range of policies for improving client-AP associations, providing user-specific airtime reservations, mitigating the effects of inter-ference, and improving mobile handoffs. We show that Dyson is effective at providing greater efficiency while opening up the network to site-specific customizations. 1.
Building a replicated logging system with Apache Kafka (2015)

Apache Kafka is a scalable publish-subscribe messaging system with its core architecture as a distributed commit log. It was originally built at LinkedIn as its centralized event pipelining platform for online data integration tasks. Over the past years developing and operating Kafka, we extend its log-structured architecture as a replicated logging backbone for much wider application scopes in the distributed environment. In this abstract, we will talk about our design and engineering experience to replicate Kafka logs for various distributed data-driven systems at LinkedIn, including source-of-truth data storage and stream processing.
Substrate effects of silicon nitride on i-line and deep-UV lithography (1996)

Thin films of silicon nitride (Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) which has been taking a crucial role as an etch or oxidation barrier specially in the local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) process affect optical lithographic performances seriously. In this study, substrate effects of Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> were delved through two kinds of points of view. Thin films underlying below the photoresist have induced thin-film interference effects which have caused in turn the degradation of the fidelity of the pattern transfer in i-line lithography. Recently, the chemically amplified resists mainly applied in DUV lithography have been revealed vulnerable to the chemical contamination from the substrate as well as the optical disturbances. We investigated the substrate effects of Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> thin films which represent the optical and the chemical effects simultaneously to the chemically amplified resists, in which the optical aspect and the chemical influences were studied separately. Consequently, we determined the optimum thickness of Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> substrate to reduce the thin-film interference effects and contrived the favorable methods for the chemical passivation of Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> substrate which was confirmed to be effective with the quantification of chemical state at the surface.
A re-evaluation of transparent conductor requirements for thin-film solar cells (2016)

We analyse the effect of metallization on the transparent conductor requirements for thin-film solar cells, identifying new directions for the future of transparent conductor research.
Worst-Fechner biconcave minus power phakic iris-claw lens. (1999)

Implantation of a biconcave Worst-Fechner lens into a phakic eye effectively corrected high myopia with a stable refractive outcome, but 13.4% of implanted eyes suffered significant progressive reduction of endothelial cell density. This style lens is no longer in clinical use.
Generation of Bleustein–Gulyaev and bulk-shear waves by interdigital transducers on a piezoelectric ceramic (1973)

Theoretical predictions are made of the piezoelectric generation of Bleustein–Gulyaev and bulk-shear waves by interdigital transducers on p.z.t.-4 ceramic. Variation with frequency and number of periods of each transducer is studied for both metallised and free-external-surface regions. Bulk-wave radiation patterns for the two sets of electrical boundary conditions are also studied.
Doctor Frank E. Walsh (1943)

The veterinary students passed by room 107 in the quadrangle on Oct. 7 with bowed heads and earnest faces in respect for a man who had won their admiration and high regard. A few days before they had volunteered to donate their blood to prolong his life. The faculty felt the loss of one of their finest colleagues. Dr. Frank E. Walsh died at the University Hospital in Iowa City after an acute illness of 6 weeks. With the passing of Dr. Walsh much of the philosophy so necessary in the education of a practitioner will be missed from the classroom.
EB1089, a synthetic analogue of vitamin D, induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (1998)

1. Effects of the synthetic vitamin D analogue EB1089 on indices of apoptosis in cultured human breast cancer cells and in nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumours in vivo were investigated. 2. At a dose of 0.5 microg kg(-1) body weight, EB1089 caused significant inhibition of tumour progression over the 28 day treatment period in the absence of a significant increase in serum calcium concentration. Higher doses of EB1089 (1 and 2.5 microg kg(-1)) produced substantial regression of the experimental tumours which was accompanied by a striking change in the histological appearance of tumours consistent with induction of tumour cell death. 3. Fragmentation of genomic DNA is a characteristic feature of apoptosis. With the terminal transferase (TdT) assay, 3' DNA breaks indicative of DNA fragmentation were detected histochemically in mammary tumour cells from animals treated with EB1089 (2.5 microg kg(-1)) for 14 days. 4. Effects of the vitamin D analogue on induction of apoptosis were examined in vitro using the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Using the TUNEL method, positive nuclear staining indicative of DNA fragmentation was detected in cells treated for 4 days with 10 nM EB1089. Apoptosis was also quantitated using a cell death ELISA which revealed a time and dose dependent induction of apoptosis by EB1089. 5. The effects of EB1089 on the expression of two oncoproteins which may regulate apoptosis, bcl-2 and bax were examined by Western analysis. In MCF-7 cell cultures treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 or EB1089 (1 x 10(-8) M), bcl-2 protein levels were decreased in a time-dependent manner relative to control levels. In contrast bax protein was not markedly regulated by these compounds. Densitometric analyses indicate that the vitamin D compounds lower the bcl-2/bax ratio favouring increased susceptibility of MCF-7 cells to undergo apoptosis. 6. These results suggest that the synthetic vitamin D analogue EB1089 may promote tumour regression by inducing active cell death.
Polysiloxane zwitterionomers and related model compounds. I. Synthesis (1979)

Abstract Polymers containing zwitterions were prepared by reacting γ‐propanesultone with polydimethylsiloxane‐co‐(4,7‐diazaheptylmethylsiloxane), which generated substituted di(ammonium‐3‐propane‐sulfonate) groups pendant from the siloxane chain. Their concentration in the polymers varied from 0.5 to 10 mole %. Two model compounds were also prepared in order to (1) characterize the reaction leading to the formation of these zwitterions and (2) characterize the ionic forces in solutions (tetrahydrofuran and benzene were used as solvents). The degree of aggregation of these model compounds was higher in tetrahydrofuran and increased in both solutions with the concentration. No rearrangements of siloxane bonds were observed in the presence of these zwitterions or γ‐propanesultone.
[Perioperative treatment of diabetics]. (1991)

The metabolic changes in connection with fasting, anaesthesia and surgery in diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients are reviewed. Various perioperative forms of treatment are described. The forms of treatment most commonly employed are infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) and subcutaneous administration of insulin followed by infusion of glucose (KON). The more intensive GIK regime provides the diabetic patient with a biochemical regulation which resembles that found in non-diabetics. It has not been proved whether this marginal regulation influences the well-being, morbidity or mortality of the patients. In critically ill patients or patients with concurrent diseases, the GIK regime is recommended as this provides optimal regulation of the diabetes. In the remaining patients, local conditions will influence the choice of form of treatment.
Calibration and application of PUF disk passive air samplers for tracking polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) (2013)

Results are reported from a field calibration of the polyurethane foam (PUF) disk passive air sampler for measuring polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in the atmosphere of the Alberta oil sands region of Canada. Passive samplers were co-deployed alongside conventional high volume samplers at three sites. The results demonstrate the ability of the PUF disk sampler to capture PACs, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylated PAHs and parent and alkylated dibenzothiophenes. Both gas- and particle-phase PACs were captured with an average sampling rate of approximately 5 m3 day−1, similar to what has been previously observed for other semivolatile compounds. This is the first application of the PUF disk sampler for alkylated PAHs and dibenzothiophenes in air. The derived sampling rates are combined with estimates of the equilibrium partitioning of the PACs in the PUF disk samplers to estimate effective sample air volumes for all targeted PACs. This information is then applied to the passive sampling results from two deployments across 17 sites in the region to generate spatial maps of PACs. The successful calibration of the sampler and development of the methodology for deriving air concentrations lends support to the application of this cost-effective and simple sampler in longer term studies of PACs in the oil sands region.
Drift-Compensated Adaptive Filtering for Improving Speech Intelligibility in Cases with Asynchronous Inputs (2010)

In general, it is difficult for conventional adaptive interference cancellation schemes to improve speech intelligibility in the presence of interference whose source is obtained asynchronously with the corrupted target speech. This is because there are inevitable timing drifts between the two inputs to the system. To address this problem, a drift-compensated adaptive filtering (DCAF) scheme is proposed in this paper. It extends the conventional schemes by adopting a timing drift identification and compensation algorithm which, together with an advanced adaptive filtering algorithm, makes it possible to reduce the interference even if the magnitude of the timing drift rate is as big as one or two percent. This range is large enough to cover timing accuracy variations of most audio recording and playing devices nowadays.
HMGB1 loves company (2009)

HMGB1, outside of a cell, is a trigger of inflammation and a stimulus for tissue reconstruction; the balance may depend on the complexes it forms with other molecules. HMGB1 is the prime example of a danger signal that originates from the damaged self rather than from invading pathogens. HMGB1 is released by cells that die traumatically and is secreted by cells destined to die and by activated cells of the innate immunity system. As a danger signal, HMGB1 is expected to trigger inflammation, but recent reports indicate that pure recombinant HMGB1 has no proinflammatory activity and only acts as a chemoattractant and a mitogen. However, HMGB1 forms highly inflammatory complexes with ssDNA, LPS, IL-1beta, and nucleosomes, which interact with TLR9, TLR4, IL-1R, and TLR2 receptors, respectively. Thus, HMGB1 has dual activities, solo or in company; I speculate that this may serve our body's necessity to sacrifice or reconstruct tissues as required by the presence or absence of pathogens.
Noise-shaping coding through bounding the frequency-weighted reconstruction error (2006)

A novel noise-shaping feedback coding scheme is derived by bounding and minimizing its filtered reconstruction error. The stability and performance of this coding scheme are rigorously analyzed. Analytic designs then can be obtained based on the derived stability conditions and noise-shaping equation. A fifth-order coder is designed for converting 3 MHz wide-band signal to a 4-bit quantized signal at a sampling rate of 96 MHz, with an effective resolution of 17 bits.
Minimal Transgene cassettes generate transgenic rice plants which accumulate higher levels of insecticidal proteins. (2001)

Particle bombardment was used to transform genes encoding the insecticidal proteins snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin ; GNA) and cryIAc Bt toxin ( �endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis ) into two elite rice (Oryza sativa ) cultivars. Plant transformation was carried out in parallel experiments simultaneously by using either whole plasmids containing suitable gene constructs, or the corresponding minimal gene cassettes, which were linear DNA fragments lacking vector backbone sequences excised from the plasmids. Both transformation methods generated similar numbers of independent transformation events. Selected R 0 clonal plant lines and R 1 plants from selected lines of minimal cassette transgenic rice lines were further characterised for presence and expression of transgenes. Co-transformation of the unselected genes (cry1Ac and gna) with the selectable marker (hpt) was at least as efficient for transformation with minimal gene cassettes as with whole plasmid DNA, and higher levels of accumulation of the insecticidal gene products GNA and cry1Ac were observed in plants resulting from minimal gene cassette transformation.
Food commensal microbes as a potentially important avenue in transmitting antibiotic resistance genes (2005)

The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant (ART) pathogens is a major threat to public health. While the surfacing of ART food-borne pathogens is alarming, the magnitude of the antibiotic resistance (AR) gene pool in food-borne commensal microbes is yet to be revealed. Incidence of ART commensals in selected retail food products was examined in this study. The presence of 10(2)-10(7) CFU of ART bacteria per gram of foods in many samples, particularly in ready-to-eat, 'healthy' food items, indicates that the ART bacteria are abundant in the food chain. AR-encoding genes were detected in ART isolates, and Streptococcus thermophilus was found to be a major host for AR genes in cheese microbiota. Lactococcus lactis and Leuconostoc sp. isolates were also found carrying AR genes. The data indicate that food could be an important avenue for ART bacterial evolution and dissemination. AR-encoding plasmids from several food-borne commensals were transmitted to Streptococcus mutans via natural gene transformation under laboratory conditions, suggesting the possible transfer of AR genes from food commensals to human residential bacteria via horizontal gene transfer.
CD28 costimulation promotes the production of Th2 cytokines (1997)

CD28 ligation augments TCR-mediated proliferation, IL-2 production, and T cell survival. However, the role of CD28 costimulation in T cell differentiation remains controversial. To address this issue, CD28+ and CD28-deficient TCR alphabeta transgenic (Tg) mice were used to examine cytokine production by T cells following antigenic stimulation. Increasing CD28 ligation resulted in increased production of IL-4 and IL-5, consistent with differentiation toward a Th2 phenotype, in both CD4+ TCR Tg T cells and CD8+ TCR Tg T cells. The same result was obtained with CD4+ TCR Tg mice bred to RAG2-deficient mice, indicating that the Th2 differentiation observed with increased CD28 ligation was not due to the presence of memory T cells. Although CD28 costimulation is an essential factor regulating IL-2 synthesis, differentiation toward a Th2-like phenotype by CD28 ligation was not an indirect effect of enhanced IL-2 production. In contrast, blockade of IL-4 during the primary cultures of the T cells resulted in a profound inability to produce Th2-type cytokines upon restimulation. The critical role of IL-4 was confirmed by the finding that CD28-deficient TCR alphabeta Tg+ T cells cultured with rIL-4 differentiated into Th2-like T cells. Therefore, CD28 ligation promotes the production of Th2-type cytokines by naive murine T cells via an IL-4-dependent mechanism.
Subsatellite studies of wave, plasma, and chemical injections from Spacelab (1983)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Foxp2 Regulates Gene Networks Implicated in Neurite Outgrowth in the Developing Brain (2011)

Forkhead-box protein P2 is a transcription factor that has been associated with intriguing aspects of cognitive function in humans, non-human mammals, and song-learning birds. Heterozygous mutations of the human FOXP2 gene cause a monogenic speech and language disorder. Reduced functional dosage of the mouse version (Foxp2) causes deficient cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity and impairs motor-skill learning. Moreover, the songbird orthologue appears critically important for vocal learning. Across diverse vertebrate species, this well-conserved transcription factor is highly expressed in the developing and adult central nervous system. Very little is known about the mechanisms regulated by Foxp2 during brain development. We used an integrated functional genomics strategy to robustly define Foxp2-dependent pathways, both direct and indirect targets, in the embryonic brain. Specifically, we performed genome-wide in vivo ChIP-chip screens for Foxp2-binding and thereby identified a set of 264 high-confidence neural targets under strict, empirically derived significance thresholds. The findings, coupled to expression profiling and in situ hybridization of brain tissue from wild-type and mutant mouse embryos, strongly highlighted gene networks linked to neurite development. We followed up our genomics data with functional experiments, showing that Foxp2 impacts on neurite outgrowth in primary neurons and in neuronal cell models. Our data indicate that Foxp2 modulates neuronal network formation, by directly and indirectly regulating mRNAs involved in the development and plasticity of neuronal connections.
Designer Oncolytic Adenovirus: Coming of Age (2018)

The licensing of talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) represented a landmark moment for oncolytic virotherapy, since it provided unequivocal evidence for the long-touted potential of genetically modified replicating viruses as anti-cancer agents. Whilst T-Vec is promising as a locally delivered virotherapy, especially in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, the quest continues for a virus capable of specific tumour cell killing via systemic administration. One candidate is oncolytic adenovirus (Ad); it’s double stranded DNA genome is easily manipulated and a wide range of strategies and technologies have been employed to empower the vector with improved pharmacokinetics and tumour targeting ability. As well characterised clinical and experimental agents, we have detailed knowledge of adenoviruses’ mechanisms of pathogenicity, supported by detailed virological studies and in vivo interactions. In this review we highlight the strides made in the engineering of bespoke adenoviral vectors to specifically infect, replicate within, and destroy tumour cells. We discuss how mutations in genes regulating adenoviral replication after cell entry can be used to restrict replication to the tumour, and summarise how detailed knowledge of viral capsid interactions enable rational modification to eliminate native tropisms, and simultaneously promote active uptake by cancerous tissues. We argue that these designer-viruses, exploiting the viruses natural mechanisms and regulated at every level of replication, represent the ideal platforms for local overexpression of therapeutic transgenes such as immunomodulatory agents. Where T-Vec has paved the way, Ad-based vectors now follow. The era of designer oncolytic virotherapies looks decidedly as though it will soon become a reality.
High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composites: An Alternative for Seismic Design of Structures (2005)

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Bacteria-Specific IgE in Patients With Nasal Polyposis: A Preliminary Report (1983)

Sixty-one patients exhibiting chronic nasal polyposis had their conditions evaluated by radioallergosorbent tests to determine the presence of bacteria-specific serum IgE. Fifty-nine patients exhibited positive serum IgE to at least one of 11 bacteria tested. There are several implications of the collected data.
Purification of intracellular compartments involved in antigen processing: a new method based on magnetic sorting (1999)

In the present study, we describe a method to specifically isolate intracellular compartments containing endocytosed antigen. We have demonstrated that isolated compartments represent a small proportion of the intracellular material, highly enriched in antigen. Antigen-containing vesicles are specifically sorted from other intracellular compartments, such as endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus, and from the plasma membrane. They remain functional in vitro since they can be acidified, and the antigen inside has been found to be partially proteolysed. In macrophages, kinetic analysis has revealed that the antigen is first found in compartments of endosomal density, carrying Rab 5 and Rab 7, then in late compartments of lysosomal density, which are rich in proteases. The global protein content of the compartments was mapped by two-dimensional electrophoresis. In B lymphocytes, this method has allowed the isolation of endocytic compartments emerging from receptor-mediated endocytosis of the antigen. After 2 h of chase, the antigen reached vesicles containing large amounts of MHC-class II molecules, invariant chain and human leucocyte antigen-DM, where peptide loading can occur.
Macroscopic model of electroporating membrane (2002)

This study presents a concise macroscopic model of electroporating membrane. The membrane is represented by a parallel-conductance model in which the transmembrane current consists of the capacitive current, the leakage current, and the electroporation current through a variable conductance that reflects the shock-induced creation of hydrophilic pores. This model was used to compare the responses of the electroporating and nonelectroporating membrane to strong stimuli and to examine the difference in the response of the electroporating membrane to the first and to subsequent shocks.