gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of telecommunications network management (1999)

From the Publisher:
In this practical tutorial, a world-class expert shows how to transform the promises of Telecommunications Management Network (TMN) into a reality. You will find a useful road map to the development of the standards underlying TMN, and how to take the specifications of these standards and apply them to product development. Drawing from her professional experience as director of a team implementing TMN standards, author Lakshmi G. Raman shows service providers what they can ask of their suppliers, helps developers grasp key insights into TMN specifications, and provides practicing telecommunications engineers with a clear guide so how TMN standards meet the overall goals of system/network management. This book offers any system designer, developer, network manager, or network operator in telecommunications an in-depth discussion of TMN that is unmatched in the field.
Glucose concentrations of less than 3.0 mmol/l (54 mg/dl) should be reported in clinical trials: a joint position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the Europian Association for the Study of Diabetes (2016)

Glucose concentrations of less than 3.0 mmol/l (54 mg/dl) should be reported in clinical trials: a joint position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the Europian Association for the Study of Diabetes
Synthesis of End‐capped Regioregular Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)s via Direct Arylation (2012)

The synthesis of regioregular head-to-tail poly(3-hexylthiophene)s capped with aryl groups (Ar-HT-P3HTs) has been accomplished by palladium-catalyzed polycondensation of 2-bromo-3-hexylthiophene (1) via direct arylation. A variety of aryl groups are installed at the initiated end in 86%-98% selectivity using aryl bromides and iodides as capping agents. The polymerization proceeds via a two-stage process. Before monomer 1 is consumed, the competitive formation of end-capped and non-capped HT-P3HTs is operative, where the molecular weight increases linearly with monomer conversion. After 1 is consumed, the resulting polymers are coupled with each other to afford highly end-capped HT-P3HTs.
The aerobic carbohydrate metabolism of leukocytes in health and leukemia. I. Glycolysis and respiration. (1952)

Summary A detailed investigation of the dynamic biochemistry of leukocytes is an approach to the study of leukemia of possible importance. Leukocytes offer striking opportunities for the study of human material on the level of cellular biochemistry. Data have been presented on the oxygen consumption, glucose utilization, and lactic acid production of homogenates of leukocytes isolated from normal (N), chronic myelocytic (CML), and chronic lymphatic leukemic (CLL) blood. Glucose utilization was determined by the highly specific glucose oxidase method which gives higher disappearance rates than the reducing method. Tissues were incubated in buffered media containing added DPN, ATP, cytochrome c, phosphate, Mg ++ , and various substrates. Data were expressed per 10 10 cells. With glucose and hexose diphosphate as substrates, oxygen consumption, glucose utilization, and lactic acid production were significantly higher in N than in CML and CLL homogenates. Lactic acid production and glucose utilization were higher in CML than in CLL. Leukocytes have a predominantly aerobic glycolytic metabolism. The ratio of aerobic glycolysis to respiration (in terms of glucose equivalents) is about 30 in N and CML and about 15 in CLL.
Redirection of prostaglandin endoperoxide metabolism at the platelet-vascular interface in man. (1989)

Prostacyclin (PGI2) is an inhibitor of platelet function in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that PGI2 is formed in biologically active concentrations at the platelet-vascular interface in man and can be pharmacologically modulated to enhance its inhibitory properties. This became feasible when we developed a microquantitative technique that permits the measurement of eicosanoids in successive 40-microliters aliquots of whole blood emerging from a bleeding time wound. In 13 healthy volunteers the rate of production of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) gradually increased, reaching a maximum of 421 +/- 90 (mean +/- SEM) fg/microliters per s at 300 +/- 20 s. The hydration product of PGI2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, rose earlier and to a lesser degree, reaching a peak (68 +/- 34 fg/microliters per s) at 168 +/- 23 s. The generation of prostaglandins PGE2 and D2 resembled that of PGI2. Whereas the threshold concentration of PGI2 for an effect on platelets in vitro is approximately 30 fg/microliters, only less than 3 fg/microliters circulates under physiological conditions. By contrast, peak concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha obtained locally after vascular damage averaged 305 fg/microliters. Pharmacological regulation of PG endoperoxide metabolism at the platelet-vascular interface was demonstrated by administration of a TX synthase inhibitor. The rate of production of PGI2, PGE2, and PGD2 increased coincident with inhibition of TXA, as reflected by three indices; the concentration of TXB2 in bleeding time blood and serum, and excretion of the urinary metabolite, 2,3-dinor-TXB2. These studies indicate that PGI2 is formed locally in biologically effective concentrations at the site of vessel injury and provide direct evidence in support of transcellular metabolism of PG endoperoxides in man.
Performance Analysis of a Magnetorheological Damper with Energy Harvesting Ability (2016)

A magnetorheological (MR) damper with energy harvesting ability was proposed based on electromagnetic induction (EMI) principle. The energy harvesting part was composed of a permanent magnet array and inducing coils which move vertically. This device could act as a linear power generator when the external excitation was applied, and the kinetic energy could be converted into electrical energy due to the relative linear motion between the magnets array and the inducing coils. Finite element models of both the MR damper part and the linear power generator part were built up separately to address the magnetic flux distributions, the magnetic flux densities, and the power generating efficiency using ANSYS software. The experimental tests were carried out to evaluate the damping performance and power generating efficiency. The results show that the proposed MR damper can produce approximately 750 N damping forces at the current of 0.6 A, and the energy harvesting device can generate about 1.0 V DC voltage at 0.06 m·s −1 excitation.
ZIFA: Dimensionality reduction for zero-inflated single-cell gene expression analysis (2015)

Single-cell RNA-seq data allows insight into normal cellular function and various disease states through molecular characterization of gene expression on the single cell level. Dimensionality reduction of such high-dimensional data sets is essential for visualization and analysis, but single-cell RNA-seq data are challenging for classical dimensionality-reduction methods because of the prevalence of dropout events, which lead to zero-inflated data. Here, we develop a dimensionality-reduction method, (Z)ero (I)nflated (F)actor (A)nalysis (ZIFA), which explicitly models the dropout characteristics, and show that it improves modeling accuracy on simulated and biological data sets.
An electromyogram based force control coordinated in assistive interaction (2013)

This study proposes the design of electromyography (EMG)-based force feedback controller which explicitly considers human-robot interaction for the exoskeletal assistive robot. Conventional approaches have been only consider one-directional mapping from EMG to control input for assistive robot control. However, EMG and force generated by the assistive robot interfere each other, e.g., amplitude of EMG decreases if limb movements are assisted by the robot. In our proposed method, we first derive the nonlinear mapping from EMG signal to muscle force for estimating human joint torque, and convert it to assistive force using human musculoskeletal model and robot kinematic model. Additionally the feedforward interaction torque is feedback into torque controller to acquire the necessity loads. To validate the feasibility of the proposed method, assistive One-DOF system was developed as the real equipment and the simulator. We compared the proposed method with conventional approaches using both the simulated and the real One-DOF systems. As the result, we found that the proposed model was able to estimate the necessary torque adequately to achieve stable human-robot interaction.
Effects of Pinhole Material and Aperture Size on Lesion Contrast and SNR in (2001)

Pinhole collimators made of depleted uranium-238 (DU) and tungsten alloy (W) with aperture diameters from 1 - 4 mm were used to image <0.6 ml breast lesions in a pendulous breast reference frame, centered on the axis-of-rotation, with incomplete circular orbit (IC0 <180 deg) SPECT. Breast, body and myocardial activity were included in the phantoms to simulate clinical imaging conditions. The background from the DU aperture was ~12% contribution to the emission photopeak, and was inversely proportional to aperture size. Scans performed for clinical counting times included 1esion:background ratios of 12: 1 and 7: 1. Contrast and signalto-noise ratios (SNR) were better with smaller apertures, and measurements indicate that 2 - 3 mm apertures may have the best performance down to 0.1 1 ml lesions with near clinical uptake ratios of Tc-99m compounds. Contrast generally decreased for increasing aperture diameter, indicating that the enhanced spatial resolution may outweigh the loss in sensitivity in small lesion identification with IC0 breast SPECT. Dedicated pinhole IC0 SPECT of the breast appears to be a dramatically improved technique over conventional planar breast scintimammography, providing enhanced contrast and SNR for imaging smaller lesions with the dedicated high resolution pinholes.
Ultraviolet Radiation-induced Ubiquitination and Proteasomal Degradation of the Large Subunit of RNA Polymerase II (1998)

We have shown previously that UV radiation and other DNA-damaging agents induce the ubiquitination of a portion of the RNA polymerase II large subunit (Pol II LS). In the present study UV irradiation of repair-competent fibroblasts induced a transient reduction of the Pol II LS level; new protein synthesis restored Pol II LS to the base-line level within 16-24 h. In repair-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum cells, UV radiation-induced ubiquitination of Pol II LS was followed by a sustained reduction of Pol II LS level. In both normal and xeroderma pigmentosum cells, the ubiquitinated Pol II LS had a hyperphosphorylated COOH-terminal domain (CTD), which is characteristic of elongating Pol II. The portion of Pol II LS whose steady-state level diminished most quickly had a relatively hypophosphorylated CTD. The ubiquitinated residues did not map to the CTD. Importantly, UV-induced reduction of Pol II LS level in repair-competent or -deficient cells was inhibited by the proteasome inhibitors lactacystin or MG132. These data demonstrate that UV-induced ubiquitination of Pol II LS is followed by its degradation in the proteasome. These results suggest, contrary to a current model of transcription-coupled DNA repair, that elongating Pol II complexes which arrest at intragenic DNA lesions may be aborted rather than resuming elongation after repair takes place.
A novel NN-fuzzy-SPC feedback control system (2002)

It is a difficult challenge to develop a feedback control system for statistical process control (SPC) because there is no effective method that can be used to accurately calculate the magnitude of the feedback control actions in traditional SPC. Suitable feedback adjustments are normally generated from the experiences of process engineers. In this paper, fuzzy logic and neural network (NN) techniques are used to develop a NN-fuzzy-SPC control system. The fuzzy inference is used to generate the numeric feedback control actions and the neural network optimises the fuzzy membership functions in order to increase the control accuracy. A combined forecaster with EWMA chart and digital filtering is also developed for the NN-fuzzy-SPC system to reduce the control delay. Simulation results show that the NN-fuzzy-SPC system can provide high control accuracy and satisfactorily short control delay.
Statistical Analysis of a Telephone Call Center (2005)

A call center is a service network in which agents provide telephone-based services. Customers who seek these services are delayed in tele-queues. This article summarizes an analysis of a unique record of call center operations. The data comprise a complete operational history of a small banking call center, call by call, over a full year. Taking the perspective of queueing theory, we decompose the service process into three fundamental components: arrivals, customer patience, and service durations. Each component involves different basic mathematical structures and requires a different style of statistical analysis. Some of the key empirical results are sketched, along with descriptions of the varied techniques required. Several statistical techniques are developed for analysis of the basic components. One of these techniques is a test that a point process is a Poisson process. Another involves estimation of the mean function in a nonparametric regression with lognormal errors. A new graphical technique is introduced for nonparametric hazard rate estimation with censored data. Models are developed and implemented for forecasting of Poisson arrival rates. Finally, the article surveys how the characteristics deduced from the statistical analyses form the building blocks for theoretically interesting and practically useful mathematical models for call center operations.
Trauma and the localization of tumor cells (1967)

Injection of 51Cr labeled Walker tumor cells either intravenously or via the aorta into normal rats or those subjected to mechanical, chemical or surgical trauma of a hind limb resulted in (a) equal distribution of cells to both hind legs when neither was traumatized; (b) a lodgement of a greater number of cells in legs subjected to either of the three types of trauma than in the untraumatized extremity of the same animal; (c) a failure of adequate heparinization to alter cell localization at sites of trauma; (d) no difference in tumor cell localization between normal limbs of control or traumatized animals, minimizing the roll of stress or other systemic factors. It is concluded that increased numbers of tumor cells lodge at sites of trauma and may well be the reason for the observed augmented metastases.
Palladium-catalyzed three-component domino reaction for the preparation of benzo[b]thiophene and related compounds (2011)

A simple and efficient palladium-catalyzed three-component domino reaction of bromothiophenes with internal alkynes has been developed to produce benzo[b]thiophenes in moderate to good yields.
Modified slanted-edge method and multidirectional modulation transfer function estimation (2014)

The slanted-edge method specified in ISO Standard 12233, which measures the modulation transfer function (MTF) by analyzing an image of a slightly slanted knife-edge target, is not robust against noise because it takes the derivative of each data line in the edge-angle estimation. We propose here a modified method that estimates the edge angle by fitting a two-dimensional function to the image data. The method has a higher accuracy, precision, and robustness against noise than the ISO 12233 method and is applicable to any arbitrary pixel array, enabling a multidirectional MTF estimate in a single measurement of a starburst image.
NMR Diffusion Editing for D?T2 Maps: Application to Recognition of Wettability Change (2005)

The inclusion of diffusion information with relaxation information has the potential to make contributions to the interpretation of NMR well logs. The results of NMR experiments can be displayed as a two-dimensional map or distribution of intrinsic diffusion coefficient (D) versus transverse relaxation time (T 2 ) called a D-T 2 map. These maps have already been proven useful as tools for fluid characterization, but there are other benefits to employing D-T 2 maps for interpretation. Divergence of the measured diffusion coefficient from bulk fluid values can give information about the system in which diffusion is occurring. For example, diffusion coefficient values above the bulk fluid diffusivity indicate the presence of internal field gradients, while values below bulk suggest the presence of restricted diffusion. The fluid characterization available with diffusion information also allows the observation of wettability alteration. When an oil phase relaxes and diffuses as bulk oil, the response will appear on the line corresponding to the correlation of diffusivity and relaxation time for hydrocarbons. Departure of the oil response from this line to shorter relaxation time is usually due to surface relaxation of the oil phase, indicating a change in wettability from water-wet conditions. This change can also be indicated by the water phase relaxation time shifting towards the bulk value, a phenomenon more easily monitored when oil saturations are low. The naturally oil-wet character of West Texas dolomites, as well as the wettability alteration due to oil-base drilling mud additives in Berea Sandstones, were both interpreted with Diffusion Editing NMR sequences. In these samples, the interpretation must be qualified with the condition that internal gradients will also result in departure of the oil response from the line for hydrocarbons. These examples will illustrate the process of generating and interpreting D-T 2 maps to observe internal gradients, multiple fluid saturations, and wettability changes.
A Sulfone-mediated Synthesis of (+)-Preussin (2001)

The synthesis of the antifungal pyrrolidine (+)-preussin is described, utilising the 5-endo-trig cyclisation of a vinylic sulfone generated in situ to give the requisite pyrrolidine nucleus.
Biological characterization of human fibroblast-derived mitogenic factors for human melanocytes (1998)

To clarify the paracrine linkage between human fibroblasts and melanocytes in cutaneous pigmentation, we studied the effects of human fibroblast-derived factors on the proliferation of human melanocytes. In medium conditioned for 4 days with human fibroblast culture, factors were produced that markedly stimulated DNA synthesis of human melanocytes. The stimulatory effect was higher in medium conditioned with fibroblasts from aged skin than in medium conditioned with fibroblasts from young skin, and was interrupted by inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, such as tyrphostin, genistein and herbimycin, but not by inhibitors of protein kinases C and A, such as H-7 and phloretin. The conditioned medium was also capable of activating mitogen-activated protein kinase of human melanocytes, with old fibroblasts being more effective than young ones. Analysis of factors released into the conditioned medium revealed that levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and stem cell factor (SCF) were increased in old-fibroblast-conditioned medium compared with young-fibroblast-conditioned medium. In contrast, levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were similar in both media. When the conditioned medium was treated with HGF antibody with or without SCF antibody, the increase in DNA synthesis by human melanocytes was decreased to 20% of the elevated level, whereas antibodies to bFGF had no effect. Analysis of the medium conditioned for 4 days after cytokine application demonstrated that, of the cytokines tested, interleukin 1alpha and tumour necrosis factor alpha are highly effective in stimulating HGF secretion by old fibroblasts. HGF and SCF, but not bFGF, were markedly increased in culture medium in the presence of IL-1alpha, and this stimulatory effect was confined to young human fibroblasts. These findings suggest that SCF and HGF derived from human fibroblasts may play a part in regulating cutaneous pigmentation during inflammation and aging.
<title>Bilirubin measurements in neonates</title> (2000)

Infant Jaundice is a physiologic condition of elevated bilirubin in the tissue that affects nearly 60 percent of all term newborns and virtually 100 percent of premature infants. The high production of bilirubin in the newborn circulatory system and the inability of the immature liver to process and eliminate it case the condition. When the bilirubin levels rise, it starts to deposit in the baby's skin and in the brain. The deposits in the brain can cause neurologic impairment and death. The BiliCheck is a handheld, battery-powered device that measures the level of jaundice non-invasively using BioPhotonics at the point of care. The result is displayed on an LCD screen immediately, so physicians can now make treatment decision without waiting for results to return from the lab. The BiliCheck System has been marketed worldwide since April of 1998 and has received FDA clearance for use in the USA on pre-photo therapy infants in March of 1999.
Physical linkage of the fragile site <i>FRA11B</i> and a Jacobsen Syndrome chromosome deletion breakpoint in 11q23. 3 (1994)

Autosomal fragile sites, unlike their X-linked counterparts, are not known to be associated with disease. However, one case report has highlighted a possible relationship between the inheritance of a rare folate-sensitive fragile site in band 11q23.3 (FRA11B) and the chromosome 11q23-->qter deletion in Jacobsen (11q-) syndrome. The mother and brother of the reported Jacobsen syndrome child are FRA11B carriers, suggesting that in vivo breakage at the fragile site during early development could have given rise to the chromosome deletion. We have tested this hypothesis by high resolution physical mapping of FRA11B and of the deletion chromosome breakpoint in the Jacobsen syndrome patient. A detailed restriction map of 600 kb of human chromosome band 11q23.3 has been assembled which covers the PBGD, CBL2 and THY1 genes. FISH experiments with YACs and cosmids from this region have localised FRA11B to an interval of approximately 100 kb containing the 5' end of the CBL2 gene, which includes a CCG trinucleotide repeat. This class of repeat is expanded in the four cloned examples of fragile site and therefore the CBL2 repeat is a candidate for the location of FRA11B. Further, it is shown that the chromosomal deletion breakpoint of the Jacobsen syndrome child maps within the same interval as the fragile site. The breakpoint has apparently been repaired and stabilised by the de novo addition of a telomere. These data are consistent with a role for an inherited fragile site in the aetiology of a chromosome deletion syndrome.
High-Gain Wide-Bandwidth Capacitor-Less Low-Dropout Regulator (LDO) for Mobile Applications Utilizing Frequency Response of Multiple Feedback Loops (2016)

This paper presents a novel capacitor-less low-dropout regulator (LDO) for mobile applications. The proposed capacitor-less LDO utilizes multiple feedback loops to satisfy several design challenges for some mobile applications which were not considered in the previous capacitor-less LDOs. The proposed LDO has a wide bandwidth of 3.03 MHz at a load current of 150 mA with a bias current of 40 μA, and the best line and load regulations of 0.0024%/V and 0.0000417%/mA, respectively, which are improvements over previously reported LDOs. This chip has a 100 mV dropout voltage with a 150 mA maximum load current. A total capacitance of 29 pF was used with a chip size of 0.279 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .