gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cutting Edge: A New Tool to Evaluate Human Pre-Erythrocytic Malaria Vaccines: Rodent Parasites Bearing a Hybrid <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Circumsporozoite Protein (2002)

Malaria vaccines containing the Plasmodium falciparum Circumsporozoite protein repeat domain are undergoing human trials. There is no simple method to evaluate the effect of vaccine-induced responses on P. falciparum sporozoite infectivity. Unlike the rodent malaria Plasmodium berghei, P. falciparum sporozoites do not infect common laboratory animals and only develop in vitro in human hepatocyte cultures. We generated a recombinant P. berghei parasite bearing P. falciparum Circumsporozoite protein repeats. These hybrid sporozoites are fully infective in vivo and in vitro. Monoclonal and polyclonal Abs to P. falciparum repeats neutralize hybrid parasite infectivity, and mice immunized with a P. falciparum vaccine are protected against challenge with hybrid sporozoites.
Structure of the Lithosphere and Mesozoic Sedimentary Basins in Western Liaoning, Northern Liaoning, and Songliao, Northeast China (2000)

The western Liaoning, northern Liaoning, and Songliao areas represent three different tectonic units with different lithospheric thermal-mechanical properties in terms of composition, thickness of the thermal lithosphere, effective elastic thickness, depth of the detachment surface, and strength of the lithosphere. Western Liaoning is characterized by a thick lithosphere with high rigidity and strength, whereas Songliao and northern Liaoning are characterized by relatively thin lithosphere with low rigidity and strength. These differences controlled the development of distinct types of basins under an extensional regime during the Early Cretaceous. The basins in western Liaoning are controlled by faulting rather than by thermal subsidence. The Songliao basin is controlled both by faulting and by thermal subsidence, and thus both syn- and post-rift sequences developed with the same thickness in the center of the basin. In contrast, in northern Liaoning, the basins are mainly controlled by faulting, and to a lesser extent by subsequent thermal subsidence. As a part of east China, where more than 93% of the proven oil reserves of China are distributed, the western Liaoning-northern Liaoning-Songliao area also has attracted considerable attention for its hydrocarbon potential. The Songliao basin is proven to be the largest non-marine petroliferous basin and one of the most important oil- and gas-producing basins in China. In addition, the Tieling-Changtu basin and the Zhezhong depression in northern Liaoning show some petroleum potential. In contrast, basins in western Liaoning represent a limited prospect for oil and gas.
Aberrant Right Hepatic Duct Draining into the Cystic Duct: Clinical Outcomes and Management (2011)

Background. Aberrant right hepatic duct (ARHD) draining into cystic duct (CD) is relatively rare but clinically important because of its susceptibility to injuries during cholecystectomy. These injuries are often-times missed or diagnosed late and as a result can develop serious complications. Methods. Four consecutive patients diagnosed with ARHD draining into CD were identified for inclusion. Results. The mean age of patients was 42.5 years. The diagnosis in one of the patient was incidental during a routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Other three patients were diagnosed post-cholecystectomy- one presented with suspected intra-operative biliary injury, one with persistent bile leak and another with recurrent cholangitis. Inadequate filling of the segment of liver on ERCP with dilation of intrahepatic ducts in the corresponding segment on imaging was present in two patients with complete obstruction of ARHD which was managed surgically. In another patient, the partially obstructed ARHD was managed by endoscopic therapy. Conclusion. ARHD draining into the CD can have varied clinical manifestations. In appropriate clinical settings, it should be suspected in patients with persistence of bile leak early after cholecystectomy, segmental dilation of intrahepatic-bile ducts on imaging and paucity of intrahepatic filling in a segment of liver on ERCP.
VSP normal moveout stretch (1995)

Abstract The vertical seismic profiling, common depth-point (VSPCDP) transformation is a technique used to image the reflected waves in an offset VSP. This coordinate transformation procedure maps reflection amplitudes from receiver depth and reflection times to lateral offset and reflector depth (Wyatt and Wyatt, 1981). The process involves the application of moveout correction followed by stacking. This moveout correction results in a distortion of the original waveform and a smear of the reflection event that consequently degrades the lateral resolution of the transformation (Owusu, 1991). Therefore, to determine the optimum processing parameters for the transformation we need to understand the effects of the VSP moveout stretch.
복합체계의 정량적 상호운용성 평가 방법론 연구 (2012)

한국군은 LISI 모델을 활용하여 소요제기 및 획득단계에서 체계의 상호운용성 수준측정 및 평 가를 실시하고 있다. 그러나 LISI 모델은 체계 간 상호운용성 평가에 초점이 맞추어져 있기 때문에 다수 체계가 유기적으로 연결된 복합체계의 상호운용성 평가에는 제한적이다. 또한 LISI 모델은 정량 적이기 보다는 정성적인 접근방법이기 때문에 상호운용성 의사결정에 가시적인 정보 제공에는 한계가 있다. 이에 대한 해결책으로 본 연구에서는 복합체계의 정량적인 상호운용성 평가 방법론을 제안 한다. 제안 방법론에서는 아키텍처를 활용하여 임무 프로세스를 지원하는 복합체계가 식별되고, 체계 의 다중도와 유사도 계수를 기반으로 상호운용성 평가가 이루어진다. 그리고 제안 방법론의 효용성을 보이기 위해 사례연구 결과를 제시한다.
MEASLES VACCINE: IMMUNITY, REINFECTION AND REVACCINATION1 (1973)

Journal Article MEASLES VACCINE: IMMUNITY, REINFECTION AND REVACCINATION Get access CALVIN C. LINNEMANN, JR CALVIN C. LINNEMANN, JR Address for reprint requests Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 97, Issue 6, June 1973, Pages 365–371, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121517 Published: 01 June 1973 Article history Received: 09 March 1973 Published: 01 June 1973
Molecular Structures of DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases (II) from Calf Thymus and Rat Liver (1971)

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II has been purified to high specific activity and apparent homogeneity from both calf thymus and rat liver. Two form II enzymes are present in rat-liver preparations, one with the molecular structure [(190,000)(1)(150,000)(1)(35,000)(1)(25,000)(1)], the other with a molecular structure of [(170,000)(1)(150,000)(1)(35,000)(1)(25,000)(1)] (molecular weights are within +/-5% but the absolute values are approximate). Inclusion of a proteolytic inhibitor during the isolation procedure decreases the proportion of the molecule containing the 170,000 subunit. Calf-thymus RNA polymerase preparations typically exhibit four components on polyacrylamide gels that contain sodium dodecyl sulfate, with an apparent molecular structure of [(190,000)(1)(150,000)(1)(35,000)(1)(25,000)(1)]. In addition, some calf-thymus polymerase II preparations contain small quantities of the [(170,000)(1)(150,000)(1)(35,000)(1)(25,000)(1)] species; the quantity of this species may also be increased from less than 5% in the normal preparation to at least 40% in an "aged" preparation. Thus, the 170,000 subunit may be derived from the 190,000 subunit in both tissues. Until unequivocal evidence is obtained on this point, however, the possibility that the large subunits are unique species should not be eliminated. The general structural similarity of the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II with that of the prokaryotic polymerase suggests that the modes of action and regulation may be analogous.
The Addition of Fluorine to Halogenated Olefins by Means of Metal Fluorides (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Addition of Fluorine to Halogenated Olefins by Means of Metal FluoridesDouglas A. Rausch, Ralph A. Davis, and D. Wendell OsborneCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 2, 494–497Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01037a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01037a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
5-GHz and 2.4-GHz dual-band RF-transceiver for WLAN 802.11a/b/g applications (2003)

A fully monolithic dual-band radio transceiver chip for 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g applications is presented in a 0.25 /spl mu/m 40 GHz BiCMOS technology. The transceiver chip contains a complete receiver chain with low noise amplifier, mixer, programmable gain amplifier, CCK and OFDM channel filters. In the transmit path, a direct-modulation transmitter with integrated anti aliasing filters and programmable gain control is implemented. The frequency synthesizer consists of a fully integrated VCO, a reference oscillator and a phase locked loop for both supported frequency bands of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. For a 3 V power supply, the overall power consumption for 802.11a receive-mode and transmit-mode are 600 mW and 450 mW, respectively.
Relationship of structure to properties of surfactants. 16. Linear decyldiphenylether sulfonates (1992)

The properties of some well‐characterized sodium linear decyldiphenylether (C 10 DPE)sulfonates have been studied. Among the properties investigated are dynamic and equilibrium surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), area per molecule at the aqueous solution/air interface, wetting time by the Draves technique, foaming by the Ross‐Miles method, solubilization, and hydrotropy. The decyldiphenylether moiety appears to be equivalent to a terminally substituted straight alkyl chain of 16 carbon atoms. The trialkyl‐ and dialkyl‐mono‐sulfonates have solubilities of < 0.01 g/dm 3 in water, but are readily soluble in hexane. The didecyldiphenyl ether disulfonate (DADS) has a very low CMC value (1.0 × 10 −5 mol dm −3 ) in aqueous 0.1 N Na + solution (NaCl), characteristic of surfactants with two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic groups. It also has a much larger area per molecule at the aqueous solution/air interface than the monodecyldiphenyl‐ether monosulfonate (MAMS) and a much higher surface tension at the CMC. MAMS has a much lower surface tension at a surface age of 1 second (γ 1s ) than either DADS or the monodecyldiphenylether disulfonate (MADS). In agreement with γ 1s and γ eq values, wetting times increase in the order: MAMS < DADS < MADS and initial foam heights decrease in the order: MAMS > DADS > MADS. Solubilization for three water‐insoluble surfactants decreases in the order: DADS > MAMS > MADS, while hydrotropy is most pronounced with the disulfonates.
A mechanism supported by extensive experimental evidence to explain high heat fluxes observed during nucleate boiling (1976)

Abstract This paper attempts to elucidate the mechanism responsible for high heat transfer rates occurring in nucleate boiling when liquid films exist on the heating surface. High‐speed cinematography and simultaneous transient surface temperature measurements provide a basis for describing the mechanism. In a liquid film, bubbles grow and detach rapidly. The film is quickly renewed. A liquid microlayer exists beneath a bubble its entire life. Conditions are very favorable for rapid evaporation from the microlayer so that heat transfer is rapid. A number of independent observations by other investigators working on diverse problems are cited in support of the mechanism.
Glycemic Index for the Management of Chronic Disease: Why Certain Foods Like Raisin may be Beneficial (2011)

The glycemic index (GI) refers to impact of the ingestion of carbohydrate-containing foods on blood sugar concentrations. High-GI foods increase blood glucose levels more and for a longer time, than those with low GIs. It appears that those who adopt a low-GI diet have a reduced risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Carbohydrate-containing foods on a low-GI diet include an abundance of fruits and vegetables, lesser amounts of grains including whole grains, and dairy products; those rich in sugar are to be consumed sparingly. Despite tasting sweet, raisins have a low-to-moderate GI (50-64). Raisins can be substituted for other high-GI snack foods, as well as serve as preexercise snacks. Thus, those wishing to adopt a low-GI diet should consider raisins as a healthy fruit serving to be used as a snack or with a meal.
Flue‐Gas‐Derived Sulfur‐Doped Carbon with Enhanced Capacitance (2017)

Sulfur dioxide, generally coincident in CO 2 sources, is a major air pollutant and causes inconvenient poisoning effects of catalysts in state‐of‐the‐art carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies. This study demonstrates an efficient strategy of directly capturing and in situ transforming flue gas into nanostructured sulfur‐doped carbon by molten salt electrolysis. The hazardous SO 2 is fully captured and sulfur is utilized simultaneously. The obtained S‐doped carbon has ultrahigh surface‐area‐normalized capacitance of 71.5 µF cm −2 , high gravimetric capacitance of 257.3 F g −1 , excellent cycling stability, and good high‐rate capability. The process is realized in molten Li 2 CO 3 –Na 2 CO 3 –K 2 CO 3 –Li 2 SO 4 at 475 °C armed with a nickel cathode and a SnO 2 inert anode. This continuous‐operation process integrates carbon reduction, deep desulfurization, promising potential massive preparation of advanced carbon materials from practical waste gas without purification.
Synthesis and Ionic Conductivity Studies of New Water Insoluble Polyphosphazene Polymer Electrolytes (1995)

New polyphosphazene containing oligooxyethylene side chains have been synthesized. The polymer, PP, is readily soluble in all organic solvents including hydrocarbons but not in water. It readily forms polymer‐metal salt complexes with alkali metal salts. Detailed dc conductivity measurements by the complex impedance method have been carried out on the metal salt complexes of the polymer PP. The maximum conductivity observed for (O:Li ratio, 8:1) complex is at 333 K.
ON-LINE SUPPLY VOLTAGE SCALING BASED ON <i>IN SITU</i> DELAY MONITORING TO ADAPT FOR PVTA VARIATIONS (2012)

The presented Pre-Error Adaptive Voltage Scaling (AVS) approach tunes the supply voltage of digital circuits dependent on the present Process, Voltage and Temperature variations as well as Aging (PVTA). By exploiting unused timing margin, produced by state-of-the-art worst-case designs, power consumption is minimized. Timing information of the circuit is obtained by in situ delay monitors (Pre-Error flip-flops), detecting late-arriving signals (pre-errors) in critical paths. Based on the occurrence of pre-errors, the voltage is adjusted by a low-overhead control unit connected to the on-chip voltage regulator. As the voltage is adapted during normal circuit operation (on-line), the randomness of the applied input pattern has to be considered. We developed a Markov chain model, based on transistor level simulations, to describe the resulting statistics of the closed-loop voltage control. With this model, the risk of overcritical voltage reductions and the effect of global and local variations on the closed-loop control can be analyzed. For an arithmetic circuit, synthesized in an industrial 65nm design-flow, an average power saving of 23% (including all overheads) is achieved for very low error rates below 1E-11.
A novel interlaced chirp sequence radar concept with range-Doppler processing for automotive applications (2015)

In this paper, we introduce a novel concept for primary frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar. The approach is based on a phase locked loop-controlled interlaced chirp sequence (ICS) waveform and, in contrast to basic range-Doppler processing, it enables higher target velocities to be detected. It is thus very suitable for automotive applications. The interlaced ramps in the system are generated by two separate frequency synthesizers. These are combined by an RF switch to suppress transients caused by oscillator overshoot and to avoid incoherencies due to programming times of the phase locked loop (PLL) ICs. A prototype radar system was realized in K-Band. Promising test results bode well for other applications.
Color measurements for pearlescent coatings (2003)

Abstract This article describes recent developments at the National Institution of Standards and Technology in the colorimetric characterization of pearlescent coatings. The goal of this research is to develop a measurement protocol for the accurate color characterization of these coatings using an understanding of their scattering mechanism as a guide. A large ensemble of bi‐directional reflectance measurements on a series of pearl interference pigmented coatings show general trends in the color variations with illumination and viewing angles. These measurements were used to define a set of geometries (illumination angles of 15°, 45°, and 65° and aspecular angles of 15°, 35°, 45°, 70°, and 85°) to characterize the angle dependent color travel observed in these coatings. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 38–42, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10210
Optical Field Recovery via Stokes Vector Direct Detection (2019)

We first review the architectures and information capacities of Stokes vector direct detection. We then discuss various polarization modulation schemes to recover the optical field and their associated optical and spectral efficiencies.
Large area metal-silicone flexible electronic structures (2010)

Conductive structures on flexible substrates are expected to be the foundation of the next generation of electronics, displays, and solar cells. This work presents a simplified fabrication process for definition of electrode structures on silicone polymer. Flexible gold thin film structures on polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) were successfully realised. This process is conducive to large area fabrication of flexible electrode structures, for incorporation with microfluidics, and for conformal adhesion to non-planar surfaces.
Heat-Aggregated Human IgG As Immunosorbent for Rheumatoid Arthritis (1998)

In order to selectively remove pathogenic rheumatoid factors (RF) from plasma of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, a new immunosorbent was developed by immobilizing heat-aggregated human IgG (HAH IgG) on epichlorohydrin-activated agar gel. Different parameters influencing ligand coupling were studied, i.e., ligand concentration, reaction time, temperature and pH. The maximum amount of HAH IgG immobilized on the carrier was 2.7 mg/ml. Adsorption capacity was evaluated by ELISA technique. After incubation of 3.0 ml of RA plasma with 1.0 ml of the adsorbent, the RF IgM, IgG, and IgA were removed by 88%, 74%, and 50%, respectively. The decrease of total immunoglobulins and albumin were less than 7% and 9%. In vitro, perfusion of 10.0 ml plasma at 37 degrees C through 3.0 ml of adsorbent, at a flow rate of 5.0 ml/min for 60 min, resulted in the removal of 49% of RF IgM, 72% of RF IgG and 58% of RF IgA. No leakage of ligand and no decline in adsorption capacity and mechanical strength were observed after steam-sterilization.
TIV contrast source inversion of mCSEM data (2011)

Abstract We present a 3D contrast source inversion scheme for electromagnetic data in conductive media. We consider only contrasts in electric conductivity but allow the medium to be transversely isotropic in the vertical direction. This has applications in, for instance, inversion of marine controlled-source electromagnetic data. The contrast source inversion (CSI) method is based on the integral equation formulation of electromagnetic field propagation and solves the inverse problem of determining the conductivity structure of the subsurface. The method minimizes a cost functional that enforces both data fidelity and that the solution satisfy the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. Further regularization is introduced linearly into the cost functional to incorporate prior model information. Although the problem is nonlinear, the chosen strategy splits the minimization problem into two linear problems, which are solved alternatingly. To this end, contrast sources are introduced, which may be interpreted as sources emitting the scattered field from a scattering object. Two synthetic and two real field examples are inverted, which demonstrates the method and how the transversely isotropic in the vertical direction (TIV) inversion performs compared with isotropic inversion. The CSI method is found to be applicable to real field examples, and the results show that a TIV inversion is preferred over isotropic to identify weak anomalies in these examples. The reason for this is that both the horizontal and vertical conductivity affects the signal propagation in the overburden.
Splitting Behaviour Into Bouts; a Maximum Likelihood Approach (1995)

One method of splitting behaviour into bouts is to model the data as a mixture of two (or more) exponential distributions and to calculate a bout criterion from the resulting parameter estimates. The parameter estimates under a mixture model can be obtained using a maximum likelihood approach. The sample size required to obtain reasonable estimates of the parameters using this approach is investigated using simulated data, and found to depend on the ratio between the two densities of the two exponential processes and the proportion in which they are mixed. The use of likelihood ratio tests in helping to determine whether the data occur in bouts is also described and illustrated.
The Effect of Diaphragmatic Attenuation on 201TI Images (1979)

The effect of diaphragmatic attenuation on 231Ti images of the heart was studied by intermittent recording with patients in inspiration and expiration. These studies suggest that the commonly observed posteroinferior defects in the left lateral projection can be explained by this mechanism. Possible effects on the anterior view are also suggested.