gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH: VOLUMES 1 AND 2. CD-ROM (2002)

The purpose of this manual is to improve the quality of transportation research. It was written in response to a perceived need for a single, comprehensive source of information on the conduct of research. Emphasis has been placed on applied research because this constitutes the dominant research activity of most transportation agencies. The manual includes state-of-the-art techniques for problem statement development; literature searching; development of the research work plan; execution of the experiment; data collection, management, quality control, reporting of results; and evaluation of the effectiveness of the research, as well as the requirements for the systematic, professional, and ethical conduct of transportation research. The recommended practices are based largely on the procedures of the Transportation Research Board. The contents of Volume 1 have been organized into five chapters and five appendices. The manual has been written for transportation agency personnel who perform or supervise research, though it will also be useful to people conducting transportation research in other work environments such as universities and consulting. The contents are directed primarily to individuals with a college or university education, but with no formal training in research. The presentation presumes that the reader has completed a basic course in statistics, and is comfortable working with a personal computer. Volume 2 is intended to complement Volume 1. Volume 2 consists of six chapters and four appendices.
다문화가정 자녀들의 스포츠 참여 의미와 적응과정 탐색 (2014)

이 연구는 다문화가정 자녀들이 참여하는 스포츠의 의미구조와 적응과정을 탐색한 연구이다. 총 8명의 연구 참여자(주 참여자 5명, 보조 참여자 3명)를 연구의 참여자로 선정하고 사례연구방법을 적용하여 심층면담, 참여관찰, 참여관찰 일지를 통해 귀납적 범주분석을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 다문화가정 자녀들의 스포츠 참여는 건강한 몸을 만들고 정신적 스트레스를 해소해주는 매개로``나의 모습을 변화시키는 것``의 의미로 작용하고 있었다. 또한, 스포츠를 통해 또래 친구와의 공감대를 형성하고 소통의 방법을 배우며 부모와 갈등의 벽을 허무는``너와 나의 관계를 변화 시키는 것``의 의미로 작용하였다. 마지막으로 스포츠의 참여는 자아 존중감을 형성하고 정체성을 확립하여 사회의 구성원으로 적응하도록 하며``세상으로 나아가게 하는 통로``의 의미로 작용하고 있었다.
Regulation of visceral and epicardial adipose tissue for preventing cardiovascular injuries associated to obesity and diabetes (2017)

Nowadays, obesity is seriously increasing in most of the populations all over the world, and is associated with the development and progression of high-mortality diseases such as type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its subsequent cardiovascular pathologies. Recent data suggest that both body fat distribution and adipocyte phenotype, can be more determinant for fatal outcomes in obese patients than increased general adiposity. In particular, visceral adiposity is significantly linked to long term alterations on different cardiac structures, and in developed forms of myocardial diseases such as hypertensive and ischaemic heart diseases, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, this depot may be also related to epicardial fat accumulation through secretion of lipids, adipokines, and pro-inflammatory and oxidative factors from adipocytes. Thus, visceral adiposity and its white single-lipid-like adipocytes, are risk factors for different forms of heart disease and heart failure, mainly in higher degree obese subjects. However, under specific stimuli, some of these adipocytes can transdifferentiate to brown multi-mitochondrial-like adipocytes with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic proprieties. Accordingly, in order to improve potential cardiovascular abnormalities in obese and T2DM patients, several therapeutic strategies have been addressed to modulate the visceral and epicardial fat volume and phenotypes. In addition to lifestyle modifications, specific genetic manipulations in adipose tissue and administration of PPARγ agonists or statins, have improved fat volume and phenotype, and cardiovascular failures. Furthermore, incretin stimulation reduced visceral and epicardial fat thickness whereas increased formation of brown adipocytes, alleviating insulin resistance and associated cardiovascular pathologies.
Inhibition of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase by 3′‐azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine triphosphate but not by its threo analog (1987)

An inhibitory effect of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine triphosphate on hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase was found. No effect was seen by its threo analog. The effect was detected at and above a concentration of 0.05 microM. The inhibition of DNA polymerase activity was the same in ten different strains of HBV. The mechanism was shown to be competitive, with an inhibition constant (Ki) of approximately 0.04 microM, and the Km value for dTTP was 0.1 microM.
Systemic lupus erythematosus with nephritis. (1981)

Thirty-six patients with the onset of symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus before age 20 years (23 aged less than 15 years at onset) were studied during a 15-year period. All had clinical evidence of nephritis. They were followed for a mean of 5 years (range 6 months to 13 years) or until death. Survival was calculated to be 77% at 10 years for those aged less than 15, and 74% for those aged less than 20, from the onset of clinical nephritis. At referral, renal function was already impaired in two-thirds of patients. Renal biopsies showed mild focal or proliferative changes in 19% of patients, membranous lesions in 11%, and diffuse proliferative lesions in 70%. Three (8%) patients died during follow-up, all from sepsis, and 3 (8%) others required chronic haemodialysis for terminal renal failure. The prognosis even of severe lupus nephritis in childhood and adolescence has improved in recent years. Side effects of treatment remain an important cause of death and morbidity.
A study on the association between infectious burden and <scp>A</scp>lzheimer's disease (2014)

IB consisting of CMV, HSV-1, B. burgdorferi, C. pneumoniae and H. pylori is associated with AD. This study supports the role of infection/inflammation in the etiopathogenesis of AD.
Lead-Free Solder Bump Technologies for Flip-Chip Packaging Applications (2001)

ABSTRACT We describe the fabrication and characterization of five different types of lead-free solder bump interconnections for use in flip-chip electronic packaging applications. Lead-free solder bumps were fabricated from pure-tin (Sn), tin-bismuth (Sn:Bi), eutectic tin-copper (Sn:Cu), eutectic tin-silver (Sn:Ag), and ternary tin-silver-copper (Sn:Ag:Cu) alloys. The fabrication process consists of the electrolytic plating, using a fountain (cup) plater, of a 5 μm thick copper under-bump-metal (UBM) onto which is plated the lead-free solder. The as-plated bumps were subsequently re-flowed in a 5-zone re-flow oven. Due to the characteristic high-tin compositions of the lead-free solder alloys, which can cause the rapid and uneven formation of tin-copper intermetallics at the bump-UBM interface upon re-flow, a unique proprietary nickel “cap” using a single photolithography process that completely encapsulates the copper UBM was developed. Two different test structures, one with perimeter- and a second with area-distributed solder bumps, each with bumps of average size 125 μm diameter (post-re-flow) were fabricated onto “daisy-chain” wafers to characterize the lead-free solder bumping and bonding process and to conduct a series of reliability tests. Tests conducted to characterize the properties of the lead-free bumps included Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), micro-sectioning, and ball shear measurements for which the bumps were re-flowed multiple times and subjected to ball shear tests in-between re-flows to study the formation of intermetallic compounds. Lead-free solder bumped “daisy-chain” test die were also flip-chip bonded onto BT-epoxy substrates with patterned copper traces overplated with nickel/gold. The bonded die were underfilled and subjected to environmental tests consisting high-temperature storage, thermal cycling, and accelerated aging. Details of the lead-free solder bump fabrication process together with the performance results including their electrical, mechanical, and reliability characteristics will be presented for all five lead-free alloys chosen in this study.
Low-cost cadmium zinc telluride radiation detectors based on electron-transport-only designs (1999)

The goal of this project was to utilize a novel device design to build a compact, high resolution, room temperature operated semiconductor gamma ray sensor. This sensor was constructed from a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) crystal. It was able to both detect total radiation intensity and perform spectroscopy on the detected radiation. CZT detectors produced today have excellent electron charge carrier collection, but suffer from poor hole collection. For conventional gamma-ray spectrometers, both the electrons and holes must be collected with high efficiency to preserve energy resolution. The requirement to collect the hole carriers, which have relatively low lifetimes, limits the efficiency and performance of existing experimental devices. By implementing novel device designs such that the devices rely only on the electron signal for energy information, the sensitivity of the sensors for detecting radiation can be increased substantially. In this report the authors describe a project to develop a new type of electron-only CZT detector. They report on their successful efforts to design, implement and test these new radiation detectors. In addition to the design and construction of the sensors the authors also report, in considerable detail, on the electrical characteristics of the CZT crystals used to make their detectors.
Integrating copy number polymorphisms into array CGH analysis using a robust HMM (2006)

Source code written in Matlab is available from http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~sshah/acgh.
Unreliability of Chromogenic Substrates for Assay of the Clotting Activity of Thrombin (1978)

The rapid loss in clotting activity of commercially available thrombins during storage is not reflected by their activity as measured by synthetic chromogenic substrates. It is suggested that conformational changes occurring during storage can affect the binding sites of thrombin for fibrinogen, whereas small synthetic substrates are incapable of monitoring these changes.
Secure traceroute to detect faulty or malicious routing (2003)

Network routing is vulnerable to disruptions caused by malfunctioning or malicious routers that draw traffic towards themselves but fail to correctly forward the traffic. The existing approach to addressing this problem is to secure the routing protocol by having it validate routing updates, i.e., verify their authenticity, accuracy, and/or consistency. In this paper, we argue that it is also important to ensure the robustness of packet forwarding itself. To this end, we propose a different approach, the central idea of which is a secure traceroute protocol that enables end hosts or routers to detect and locate the source of (arbitrarily severe) routing misbehaviors, so that appropriate action can be taken.
Cytolethal distending toxin: a conserved bacterial genotoxin that blocks cell cycle progression, leading to apoptosis of a broad range of mammalian cell lineages (2011)

Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is a heterotrimeric AB-type genotoxin produced by several clinically important Gram-negative mucocutaneous bacterial pathogens. Irrespective of the bacterial species of origin, CDT causes characteristic and irreversible cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a broad range of cultured mammalian cell lineages. The active subunit CdtB has structural homology with the phosphodiesterase family of enzymes including mammalian DNase I, and alone is necessary and sufficient to account for cellular toxicity. Indeed, mammalian cells treated with CDT initiate a DNA damage response similar to that elicited by ionizing radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The mechanism of CDT-induced apoptosis remains incompletely understood, but appears to involve both p53-dependent and -independent pathways. While epithelial, endothelial and fibroblast cell lines respond to CDT by undergoing arrest of cell cycle progression resulting in nuclear and cytoplasmic distension that precedes apoptotic cell death, cells of haematopoietic origin display rapid apoptosis following a brief period of cell cycle arrest. In this review, the ecology of pathogens producing CDT, the molecular biology of bacterial CDT and the molecular mechanisms of CDT-induced cytotoxicity are critically appraised. Understanding the contribution of a broadly conserved bacterial genotoxin that blocks progression of the mammalian cell cycle, ultimately causing cell death, should assist with elucidating disease mechanisms for these important pathogens.
RAGE serves as a Signal Transduction Receptor for Aβ fibrils Mediating cell Stress (2000)

Conference Abstract| February 01 2000 RAGE serves as a Signal Transduction Receptor for Aβ fibrils Mediating cell Stress Shi Du Yan; Shi Du Yan 1Departments of Pathology, Surgery and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Aiping Zhu; Aiping Zhu 1Departments of Pathology, Surgery and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Huaijie Zhu; Huaijie Zhu 1Departments of Pathology, Surgery and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Ann Marie Schmidt; Ann Marie Schmidt 1Departments of Pathology, Surgery and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar David Stern David Stern 1Departments of Pathology, Surgery and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (2000) 28 (1): A14. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a014a Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Shi Du Yan, Aiping Zhu, Huaijie Zhu, Ann Marie Schmidt, David Stern; RAGE serves as a Signal Transduction Receptor for Aβ fibrils Mediating cell Stress. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 2000; 28 (1): A14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a014a Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Deposition of zirconium monoxide glomeruli by laser ablation (1998)

Zirconia is evermore in demand as a thermal barrier coating (TBC) for energy economy and metal protection. Several methods are in use to produce the coatings, including sol-gel, CVD and PVD, however laser ablation, has not been notoriously reported. The present work presents the use of a N2-SF6 pulsed laser beam, focused (6 J/cm2) on a metallic zirconium target in a reactor with low pressures of oxygen or helium. Sparks were observed in oxygen atmosphere, which denoted oxidation of laser ablated zirconium. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and optical interferometric microscopy, identifying small agglomerates of ZrO (cubic phase) studied the crystallographic structure and morphology of the obtained particles. The pyrophorous oxidation phenomenon of ablated Zr droplets is described and interpreted by thermochemical simulations, and the deposited morphology is characterized.
Application of Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with a Stopped-FIow System for the Simultaneous Determination of Pb, Cu, Sb, and Bi in Environmental Samples (1994)

Abstract Cu(II), Sb(III), Bi(III) and Pb(II) were cathodically deposited to a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) from a 1.0 M HCl medium in a flow cell followed by quantification by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) in a malonic acid / HCl stripping medium. Well-defined peaks were observed and peak separation of ΔEp > 80 mV was achieved for the four metals. This method has been applied successfully to the analysis of environmental water samples. Recovery of 100±7 % was obtained at 10−8 -10−9 M levels and detection limits were at the level of 10−10 M.
Growth hormone protects against radiotherapy-induced cell death (2002)

Growth hormone exerts a radioprotective effect in CHO-4 cells stably transfected with the complementary DNA for the rat growth hormone receptor. The radioprotection is triggered directly by the hormone and it is also observed with bleomycin. The increased survival in response to radiation and bleomycin treatment induced by growth hormone correlates with an enhanced ability of the cells to repair damaged DNA.
Animal Models in Drug Development for MRSA (2013)

One of the foremost challenges of drug discovery in any therapeutic area is that of solidifying the correlation between in vitro activity and clinical efficacy. Between these is the confirmation that affecting a particular target in vivo will lead to a therapeutic benefit. In antibacterial drug discovery, there is a key advantage from the start, since the targets are bacteria-therefore, it is simple to ascertain in vitro whether a drug has the desired effect, i.e., bacterial cell inhibition or killing, and to understand the mechanism by which that occurs. The downstream criteria, whether a compound reaches the infection site and achieves appropriately high levels to affect bacterial viability, can be evaluated in animal models of infection. In this way animal models of infection can be a highly valuable and predictive bridge between in vitro drug discovery and early clinical evaluation.The Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide variety of infections in humans (Archer, Clin Infect Dis 26:1179-1181, 1998), and has been said to be able to infect every tissue type. Fortunately, over the years a great deal of effort has been expended toward developing infection models in rodents using this organism, with good success. This chapter describes the advantages, setups, and outcome measurements of the rodent models most used in drug discovery for S. aureus. Mouse models will be the focus of this chapter, as they are the most economical and thus most commonly used, but a rat infection model is included as well.
The transient time domain analysis of non-linear electro-mechanical systems (1994)

A coupled transient finite element/system simulation technique is applied to the analysis of a non-linear electro-mechanical actuation system. It facilitates the investigation of alternative control strategies for an application in which performance analysis in the time domain is important to the design optimization process. The technique permits the modelling of all the multi-disciplinary facets of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC): Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody (PBC‐MoAb) having Specificity Identical with Disease‐Associated Auto‐antibodies (1991)

We have raised a monoclonal antibody (PBC-MoAb) directed against mitochondria which resembles patent anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA) (M2 type) in several respects. The reaction pattern of PBC-MoAb was characterized by western blot experiments, immunoaffinity purification and enzyme inhibition studies. PBC-MoAb reacts specifically with an epitope on the E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase) which is essential for enzymatic activity. This was shown as follows: (1) PBC-MoAb, like PBC-AMA, completely inhibited PDH enzyme activity and reacted weakly with OGDH; (2) PBC-MoAb bound strongly to the E2 subunit in western blots, with weaker binding to a doublet of about 56 kDa; and (3) in immunosorbent experiments, PBC-MoAb absorbed most (greater than 95%) of the AMA reactive material found in solubilized mitochondria. The present data together with earlier findings that the majority of PBC patient autoantibodies bind to epitopes defined by the PBC-MoAb, makes this antibody a valuable tool for characterizing the major PBC-associated epitope on PDH-E2 and localizing this epitope in liver tissue.
Cation disorder and vacancy distribution in nonstoichiometric magnesium aluminate spinel, MgO{center{underscore}dot}xAl{sub 2}O{sub 3} (1999)

Neutron diffractometry and X-ray diffractometry were used to characterize the cation disorder and vacancy distribution in nonstoichiometric spinel, MgO{center{underscore}dot}xAl{sub 2}O{sub 3}, where x {ge} 1.0. Both synthetic and natural samples were examined. Least-squares refinements of integrated intensities for single crystals and Rietveld profile refinements for powders yielded the average scattering power from tetrahedral and octahedral sites within the almost-perfect cubic close-packed oxygen sublattice. The cation disorder was calculated assuming models in which the vacancies resided on tetrahedral, octahedral, or both types of sites. No degree of cation disorder was consistent with the tetrahedral vacancy model, and vacancies most likely resided on octahedral sites.
Resource reservation and power management in Android (2011)

Saving battery time for mobile devices has been a goal for the industry for many years. With the advent of smartphones, reduction of energy consumption is even more important since they consume a lot more energy than the generation of mobile phones before them. Consumers are demanding longer battery life and greener electronics. One way to meet these demands is to reduce energy consumption. In order to make the mobile operating system utilize the Central Processing Unit (CPU) more efficiently, applications should have different reservations based on how much they need to use the CPU. A challenge the industry is facing is its lack of knowledge of the behavior of third party applications. Especially since they are an increasing portion of the applications run on smartphones. Without knowledge of how third party applications behave, it is hard to make good reservations for them. If there was a way to dynamically make reservations for the applications with adequate performance while they are running, the system could use this information to reduce battery consumption by e.g. clocking down the CPU when a high clock frequency is not needed. In this master thesis project, an open source resource manager called ACTORS Resource Manager (ACTORS RM) [5][6] for desktop Linux [57] is ported to the Android [37] operating system. The resource manager is also optimized for the applications being run there. A power management patch to the Linux kernel was also used to get greater control over the CPU's frequency changes.
Metabolic Cardioprotection by Pyruvate: Recent Progress (2005)

Pyruvate, a natural metabolic fuel and antioxidant in myocardium and other tissues, exerts a variety of cardioprotective actions when provided at supraphysiological concentrations. Pyruvate increases cardiac contractile performance and myocardial energy state, bolsters endogenous antioxidant systems, and protects myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxidant stress. This article reviews and discusses basic and clinically oriented research conducted over the last several years that has yielded fundamental information on pyruvate's inotropic and cardioprotective mechanisms. Particular attention is placed on pyruvate's enhancement of sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ transport, its antioxidant properties, and its ability to mitigate reversible and irreversible myocardial injury. These research efforts are establishing the essential foundation for clinical application of pyruvate therapy in numerous settings including cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, myocardial stunning, and cardiac failure.