gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle growth and atrophy (2013)

Skeletal muscle mass increases during postnatal development through a process of hypertrophy, i.e. enlargement of individual muscle fibers, and a similar process may be induced in adult skeletal muscle in response to contractile activity, such as strength exercise, and specific hormones, such as androgens and β-adrenergic agonists. Muscle hypertrophy occurs when the overall rates of protein synthesis exceed the rates of protein degradation. Two major signaling pathways control protein synthesis, the IGF1-Akt-mTOR pathway, acting as a positive regulator, and the myostatin-Smad2/3 pathway, acting as a negative regulator, and additional pathways have recently been identified. Proliferation and fusion of satellite cells, leading to an increase in the number of myonuclei, may also contribute to muscle growth during early but not late stages of postnatal development and in some forms of muscle hypertrophy in the adult. Muscle atrophy occurs when protein degradation rates exceed protein synthesis, and may be induced in adult skeletal muscle in a variety of conditions, including starvation, denervation, cancer cachexia, heart failure and aging. Two major protein degradation pathways, the proteasomal and the autophagic-lysosomal pathways, are activated during muscle atrophy and variably contribute to the loss of muscle mass. These pathways involve a variety of atrophy-related genes or atrogenes, which are controlled by specific transcription factors, such as FoxO3, which is negatively regulated by Akt, and NF-κB, which is activated by inflammatory cytokines.
Depression: relationship to somatization and chronic medical illness. (1984)

Although depression has been found to be the most common medical or psychiatric diagnosis among patients seen in primary care settings, the disorder is often missed and/or treated inappropriately. Problems in differential diagnosis, particularly among patients presenting primarily with somatic complaints, are reviewed. A study is described in which patients referred to a psychiatric consultation-liaison service were categorized as somatizing or nonsomatizing and given DSM-III diagnoses. Somatoform disorders occurred in only 33% of somatizing patients; the predominant diagnosis in this group was major depression. Implications of these findings for the recognition and treatment of depression, especially that associated with physical symptoms or disease, are discussed.
The Devonian corals of the Yarrol province, Eastern-central Queensland (2005)

The Yarrol Province in eastern-central Queensland contains rocks ranging from latest Silurian to Permian. Devonian corals are locally abundant within the Yarrol Province, but their preservation is typically poor compared to the well known Carboniferous coral faunas of this Province and except for the Mount Etna coral fauna, the Devonian corals have not been systematically described. Early and Middle Devonian corals have been known from the Yarrol Province for a long time, even though they have never been properly described. As a result of this study it is now known that a fairly diverse Late Devonian coral fauna is also present, and this is the first Late Devonian coral fauna identified in Queensland. Overall, this study has identified seventy-seven species of coral referable to forty-five genera. Seventeen of the species are new: Tryplasma? careoseptum, T? abyssum, Aphyllum simplexum, Cystiphylloides immanum, Breviphyllum mirourum, Smithiphyllum petercollsi, S. finseni, Papiliophyllum jelli, Disphyllum castellum, D. stupendum, Temnophyllum kroombitense, T. stainesi, Squameofavosites craigileei, Alveolites murrayi, Heliolites amplusa, H. comminus and Multithecopora tubus. Eighteen species have been left in open nomenclature due to insufficient material or poor preservation, and the remainder have been placed into forty-two previously described species. The corals have been divided into six faunas, with three faunas in the Early Devonian, two in the Middle Devonian, and one in the Late Devonian. These are the Taragoola, Holly, Armagh, Hopeful, Beschs and Kroombit faunas respectively. The Early Devonian faunas share some of the common corals, such as Heliolites daintreei, but do not show any strong affinities with other Early Devoniann coral faunas around Australia. The Middle Devonian Hopeful Fauna contains only a small number of species. The Givetian Beschs Fauna was diverse and many of the species are well known from eastern Australia, though it has few colonial rugose corals compared to most other Givetian faunas in Australia. The Kroombit Fauna is less diverse than other described Late Devonian faunas in the Canning Basin of Western Australia and Mostyn Vale Formation in New South Wales, and it shares only a few species with them. The distribution of corals such as Alveolites murrayi were very useful in mapping the Late Devonian rocks of the Yarrol Province.
The Fightback Health Policy: Just What the Doctor Ordered (1992)

The Liberal and National Parties' Fightback health policy proposes to maintain Medicare as a system of universal health insurance. However, major changes are to be introduced to make the system work better. A taxation-based insurance system, the policy argues, is the best way of ensuring universal coverage, but Medicare as it presently operates, has a number of fundamental flaws. The role of government is too big and the role of the private sector is too small. Moreover, individuals and families are not taking enough responsibility for their own health care. The result is said to be a series of problems such as overuse of services and long waiting-times for elective surgery. The solution proposed by the Fightback policy is to create a much larger private sector of health care provision. Private insurance agencies, private hospitals, pharmacists and doctors in private medical practice will all play expanded roles under a Liberal-National coalition government. Three main instruments are to be used to induce people to take out private insurance. The first is a set of subsidies and surcharges. Low income-earners and the aged will receive tax credits ranging in value from the full cost of basic hospital insurance to about a quarter of the
Brain ‘Ouabain’ Mediates Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Congestive Heart Failure (1995)

In congestive heart failure (CHF), endogenous compounds with ouabainlike activity (OLA) may contribute to the maintenance of the circulatory homeostasis by peripheral as well as central effects. In the present study, we assessed changes in peripheral (plasma and left ventricle) and central (pituitary, hypothalamus, pons, and cortex) OLA in two animal models of CHF and determined whether brain OLA mediates sympathetic hyperactivity in CHF. Cardiomyopathic hamsters with their controls were studied at 9 months of age for tissue OLA. Rats were studied 4 weeks after acute coronary artery ligation for tissue OLA and sympathetic activity. In both models, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was markedly increased. CHF was associated with significant increases in both plasma and tissue OLA in both models. In the brain, the most marked (twofold to threefold) increases occurred in the hypothalamus. In vitro, all OLA measured could be blocked by antibody Fab fragments (Digibind). Conscious rats with CHF showed elevated plasma catecholamines and enhanced responses of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) to air stress and to intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist guanabenz compared with sham-operated rats. ICV administration of the Fab fragments did not change resting RSNA or responses to air stress at 1 hour. However, 18 hours after injection of the Fab fragments, resting RSNA levels had significantly decreased compared with the control values, and plasma catecholamine levels had decreased to control values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Freeze-Dried Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Paracrine Factors: A Simplified Novel Material for Skin Wound Therapy (2014)

The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) supernatant is well known as a rich source of autologous cytokines and universally used for tissue regeneration in current clinical medicine. However, the limitation of conditioned medium used in open-wound repair compels the need to find a more sophisticated way to take advantage of the trophic factors of MSCs. We have now fabricated a three-dimensional membrane from freeze-dried bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium (FBMSC-CM) using a simple freeze-dried protocol. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the microstructure of the FBMSC-CM membrane (FBMSC-CMM) resembling a mesh containing growth factors. ELISA was used to test the paracrine factors retained in the FBMSC-CMM, and the results indicated that FBMSC-CMM withheld over 80% of the paracrine factors. Live/dead assays were adopted to test the toxicity of the FBMSC-CMM on cultured rat dermal fibroblasts, and the results confirmed its biological safety with low toxicity. Moreover, the FBMSC-CMM could significantly accelerate wound healing and enhance the neovascularization as well as epithelialization through strengthening the trophic factors in the wound bed as determined by immunohistochemical staining. Thus, the ability to maintain paracrine factors and enhance the effectiveness of these growth factors in the wound as well as the simple procedure and economical materials required for production qualifies the FBMSC-CMM to be a candidate biomaterial for open-wound regeneration.
Efficient embedding of a hypercube in an irregular WDM network (2002)

A heuristic algorithm is presented for efficiently embedding a virtual hypercube into an irregular wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network so that the message propagation delay is minimized. Embedding a hypercube allows the communications of the many hypercube-base algorithms to map directly to the virtual network. The authors' algorithm optimizes the embedding by effective assignment of virtual addresses as well as the efficient routing of virtual connections. The three-step approach is first based on embedding the irregular graph in a hypercube so that the number of virtual edges that correspond to physical edges is minimized. The routing of the virtual connections and their assignment to logical channels is performed while minimizing the number of wavelengths that must be supported by the WDM system. Experiments with the proposed algorithm show it to produce embeddings with significantly shorter path lengths and requiring fewer wavelengths than previous methods for practical networks.
.alpha.-Chloro ketoximes as precursors of nitrosoalkenes: preparation, stereochemistry and conformation (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.-Chloro ketoximes as precursors of nitrosoalkenes: preparation, stereochemistry and conformationScott E. Denmark and Michael S. DappenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 5, 798–806Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00179a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00179a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1150Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
640. A Tissue Engineered Nipple and Areola Complex (2015)

There are more than 2.8 million breast cancer survivors in the United States, many of who have undergone reconstructive surgery. Approximately 36% of patients with early stage diagnoses and 60% of patients with late stage diagnoses undergo mastectomies. Moreover, immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomies has become more common, significantly increasing at an average rate of 5% per year, from 20.8% in 1998 to 37.8% in 2008. This increasing trend is not surprising as breast reconstruction likely provides psychological benefits for women who undergo mastectomies. There is evidence to suggest that nipple and areola complex (NAC) reconstruction affects psychological wellbeing by enhancing body image and selfesteem, or decreasing the feeling of distress felt by female patients with mastectomies. Due to this, there exists a need for a reproducible and more naturally aesthetic architecture for NAC reconstruction. Current strategies for NAC reconstruction are limited to surgical techniques that create a NAC-like structure from existing local tissue, secondary site grafting, 3D tattooing, or using commercially available acellular dermal matrix sheets, such as Alloderm. Generating a tissue engineered, biocompatible NAC implant, made of decellularized whole NAC, for use in place of surgically created NAC structures is a promising approach to NAC reconstruction following mastectomies. To date, no tissue engineering and cellular therapy strategies have been developed focused on NAC reconstruction. The application of decellularization to the whole, semi-glandular NAC can create a non-immunogenic NAC that retains the microarchitecture and gross structures of a native NAC. This tissue engineering approach to whole NAC structure regeneration allows for the effective removal of cellular material, the retention of the extracellular matrix components and structure, as well as cell adhesion molecules. Once decellularized, NAC scaffolds would be seeded with autologous cells to create a graft that is patient-specific. Preliminary studies have shown, using tissues from a Rhesus Macaque Non- Human Primate animal model, that biologically derived scaffolds were able to be reproducibly isolated with effective removal of nuclear material—less than ≈50ng of 200bp DNA per mg of sample remaining. Through histological analysis of the NAC scaffolds it was shown that the presence of extracellular matrix and adhesion proteins were maintained after the decellularization process. Additionally, bioactivity of the scaffolds were assessed using rhesus bone marrow-derived stem cells for one week, under dynamic cell culture conditions. Herein, a tissue engineered, regenerative medicine approach to reconstruct the nipple and areola complex using a biologically derived scaffold and autologous cell sources is described.
Changes in creatine transporter function during cardiac maturation in the rat (2010)

The maturation-dependant alterations of CK and LDH isoenzyme activities and of mitochondrial oxidative capacity were paralleled by a progressive increase of CrT expression, creatine uptake kinetics and creatine content in the heart.
Image Data Hiding Method Based on Multi-Pixel Differencing and LSB Substitution Methods (2008)

A novel data hiding method based on the least significant bit (LSB) substitution and the multi-pixel differencing (MPD) method is presented on the proposed method to improve the capacity of hidden secret data and to provide an imperceptible visual quality. First, a sum of different values for a four-pixel sub-block is calculated. The low value of the sum can be located on a smooth block and the high value is located on an edged block. The secret data are hidden into the cover image by the LSB method in the smooth block, while the MPD method is concealed in the edged block. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher capacity and maintains good visual quality.
Acute and short-term toxicoses associated with the administration of doxorubicin to dogs with malignant tumors (1989)

One hundred eighty-five dogs with histologically confirmed, measurable malignant tumors were used in a study to determine the toxicity of the anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, doxorubicin, which was administered once or twice (at a 21-day interval) at the rate of 30 mg/m2 of body surface area, iv. During this study, 7 dogs died as a direct result of doxorubicin-induced toxicosis and 16 died as a direct result of the malignant neoplastic disease. Each dog was evaluated for signs of toxicosis for 3 weeks after the last dose was administered (15 dogs received 1 dose, 170 dogs received 2 doses) or until the dog died, whichever came first. The most common signs of toxicosis were vomiting, diarrhea, colitis, anorexia, and pruritus. The probability of doxorubicin-induced toxicosis decreased significantly (P less than 0.0001) in inverse relationship to body weight. Dogs with signs of toxicosis during the 21-day interval from administration of the first dose of doxorubicin were 17.2 times (P less than 0.01; 95% confidence interval; 5.5, 54.2) more likely to develop signs of toxicosis during the 21-day interval from the second dose of doxorubicin. The performance status of each dog was evaluated using a modified Karnofsky performance scheme; the only time the performance status was adversely affected to a significant extent by doxorubicin-induced toxicosis was during the 21-day period, starting with the second dose (P less than 0.0001).
Effects of antifungal agent combinations administered simultaneously and sequentially against Aspergillus fumigatus (1994)

The in vitro effects of antifungal agent combinations administered simultaneously and sequentially against 15 strains of Aspergillus fumigatus were tested by the yeast-malt broth method. The synergistic effect of the combination of amphotericin B (AMPH) and miconazole was observed in nine strains (60%). However, the combinations of AMPH and fluconazole, AMPH and ketoconazole, and AMPH and itraconazole administered simultaneously showed antagonistic effects against three (20%), five (34%), and four (26%) strains, respectively. The effects of combinations of azole antifungal agents administered simultaneously were indifferent or antagonistic against A. fumigatus. In experiments measuring the effects of sequentially administered antifungal agents, however, pretreatment with AMPH and then azole antifungal agents exhibited better in vitro efficacy than that found in experiments measuring the effects of simultaneously administered AMPH and azole compounds.
La condictio indebiti et l'erreur dans le droit de Justinien (1982)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Radio channel structure for SCPC/FDMA digital mobile systems (2003)

For an SCPC/FDMA digital mobile radio system, a channel structure supporting ISDN services is described. Three kinds of radio channels are proposed offering ISDN services with efficient spectrum utilization. They are: an information channel, control channel, and packet channel. The effects of diversity and FEC (forward error correction) are discussed for the improvement of digital transmission quality and frequency spectrum utilization. Some studies are presented regarding quality objectives for bearer services under multipath fading environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fetal blood sampling—indication-related losses (1998)

The aim of this study, was to determine the fetal loss rate after fetal blood sampling (FBS) in relation to the indication. In total, 1981 FBS procedures (1878 pregnancies) were included, of which 117 were performed for the detection of congenital infection (group 1), 1437 for the detection of haemoglobinopathy (group 2), 233 for prenatal diagnosis with normal ultrasound findings (group 3), 121 for rapid karyotyping in cases with abnormal sonographic findings (group 4) and 73 for severe growth retardation (group 5). All the procedures were performed with a free-hand technique under continuous ultrasound guidance. Pregnancy losses occurring within two weeks of FBS were considered procedure-related losses. 343 pregnancies were terminated. Of the remaining 1535 continuing pregnancies, 73 (4.8 per cent) were lost, of which 39 (2.5 per cent) were lost within two weeks of the procedure. The procedure-related losses were 3 in 103 (2.9 per cent), 17 in 1090 (1.6 per cent), 2 in 191 (1 per cent), 11 in 84 (13.1 per cent) and 6 in 67 (8.9 per cent) in groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. The differences in procedural loss between the five groups were highly significant, suggesting that the method entails a much higher risk when the fetus is structurally abnormal, or severely growth retarded. Patients should therefore be counselled before the procedure accordingly.
[The scientific revolution in medicine of the last quarter of XIX-first half of XX centuries. Report I. The causes and mechanisms of scientific revolution]. (2015)

The article describes the system of conceptions about subject of investigation in medicine and methods of research activities of physicians well-established by early 70s of XIX century. It is postulated that in the middle of 1870s in medicine occurred an objective need of entirely different from before vision of investigated reality, development and implementation of fundamentally new methodological approaches to its studying that by-turn initiated global scientific revolution in medicine of the last quarter of XIX-first half of XX centuries. It is substantiated that need of new vision of investigated reality became first of all a consequence of profound intra-disciplinary crisis related to awareness of fallibility of existed ideas of human organism and its vital activity. The second cause is two "paradigm inoculations" from biology which resulted in forced acceptance by physicians the extreme incompleteness and fallacy of their previous views concerning environment and essence of its effect on human organism.
New Condensed Tri- and Tetracyclic 1,2,4-Triazole Ring Systems (1983)

A faoile tuu step synthesis of 7,8-dihydroimidaao L1.2-e] -1,2,4-triasolo[1,5-a]-l,3,5-tri~ine and 1,2,4-triawlo[1',5'r1,2]-1,3,5-triasino [5,6-a] benzhidawle is described.Heterocpclio hydrasines react easily with ethyl U-cyanafonnhidate to form 1,2,btria w l e derivatives, whioh are then oyoliaed with ortho esters into hitherto amknorn polyazsbetemoyules.The valuable pharmacologioal properties of condensed 1,Z.k-triawles are well & m t e d l .In vier of the ourrent interest in the biological activity of these derivatives we wish to report here our research in the fused polyoyolio systen area.
Detection of Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband Signals using Recursive Transmitted Reference Receivers (2007)

For the detection of impulse radio (IR) UWB signals, complex RAKE receiver or low-complexity transmitted reference (TR) autocorrelation receivers can be used. However, there is a performance loss associated with the low-complexity TR scheme. This paper proposes recursive structures of the conventional TR and averaged TR schemes to improve the detection performance of IR-UWB signals. The performance of proposed schemes is evaluated over the standard IEEE 802.15.4a multipath channels. The performance is compared with conventional TR receivers in terms of uncoded bit-error-rate (BER), assuming that the channel is quasi-static. For averaged and recursive averaged TR schemes, the TR sequence is also slightly modified. The simulation results validate that the proposed schemes has better performance by about 2 dB than the conventional TR and averaged TR receivers.