gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Map in Your Head: How Does the Brain Represent the Outside World? (2002)

In neurophysics, a "map" is a neuronal representation of the outside world. It originates from spatiotemporal activity of a sensory organ. For example, touch provides a one-to-one representation of our skin in the cortex, a somatosensory map. In a similar way, visual and auditory maps are representations of the retina and the cochlea and provide us with spatial, temporal, and, more generally, spatiotemporal maps of sensory activity. In this introduction we concentrate on temporal aspects and show how temporal maps arise in the brain. Through prey localization the sand scorpion, the barn owl, and the paddle fish provide fascinating examples of neuronal maps, which are analyzed in detail.
Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Thermoset Obtained from Biphenyl Mesogen (2005)

Abstract: A liquid crystalline epoxy polymer based on an epoxy monomer with biphenyl type mesogenic compound was synthesized and characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The monomer without liquid crystalline properties was transformed into a liquid crystalline state by a curing reaction with 2,7-diaminofluorene. A smectic-like structure developed in time, in the temperature range between 132 and 162°C.
An adaptive user interface based on spatiotemporal structure learning (2011)

We developed a user interface prototype for the Android smartphone, which recommends a number of applications to best match the user's context. To consider the user's context of use, we utilized 5 prototypical variables; time, location, weather, emotion, and activities. The developed system derives the best three recommended applications based on the results of supervised machine learning from such data sets. To consider the history of past context information, in addition to the current one, we developed a novel and effective probabilistic learning and inference algorithm named "Spatiotemporal Structure Learning." By extending Naïve Bayesian Classifier, the spatiotemporal structure learning can create a probability model which represents relationship between time-series contextual variables. We implemented a prototype system which shows the current context and the inferred recommendation of applications. For the prototype system, we developed an Android widget application for the user interface and a Java-based server application which learns structure from training data and provides inference results in real time. To gather training data and evaluate the proposed system, we conducted a pilot study which showed 69 percent accuracy in predicting the user's application usage. The prototype demonstrated the feasibility of an adaptive user interface applied to a state of the art smartphone. We also believe that the suggested spatiotemporal structure learning can be applied to number of application areas including healthcare or energy problems.
Nicotinamide for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (2021)

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a highly prevalent and intractable form of cardiac decompensation commonly associated with diastolic dysfunction. Here, we show that diastolic dysfunction in patients with HFpEF is associated with a cardiac deficit in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>). Elevating NAD<sup>+</sup> by oral supplementation of its precursor, nicotinamide, improved diastolic dysfunction induced by aging (in 2-year-old C57BL/6J mice), hypertension (in <i>Dahl</i> salt-sensitive rats), or cardiometabolic syndrome (in ZSF1 obese rats). This effect was mediated partly through alleviated systemic comorbidities and enhanced myocardial bioenergetics. Simultaneously, nicotinamide directly improved cardiomyocyte passive stiffness and calcium-dependent active relaxation through increased deacetylation of titin and the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase 2a, respectively. In a long-term human cohort study, high dietary intake of naturally occurring NAD<sup>+</sup> precursors was associated with lower blood pressure and reduced risk of cardiac mortality. Collectively, these results suggest NAD<sup>+</sup> precursors, and especially nicotinamide, as potential therapeutic agents to treat diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF in humans.
A Study of Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Potato Waste using Reactors under Mesophilic and Thermophilic Conditions (2007)

A two-stage anaerobic digestion process operated under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions was investigated for the treatment of solid potato waste to determine optimal methane yield, efficiency of operation and process stability. A solid-bed reactor was used for hydrolysis/acidification stage while an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was used in the second stage, for methanogenesis. Three sets of conditions were investigated: (1) mesophilic + mesophilic, (II) mesophilic + thermophilic and (III) thermophilic + thermophilic in the hydrolysis/acidification and methanogenesis reactors, respectively. The methane yield was higher under mesophilic conditions (0.49 l CH4 g COD(-1)degraded) than thermophilic conditions (0.41 l CH4 g COD(-1)degraded) with reference to the methanogenic reactors. (COD)--chemical oxygen demand. However, the digestion period was shorter in systems II and III than in system I. Also, in system III the UASB reactor (thermophilic conditions) could handle a higher organic loading rate (OLR) (36 g COD 1(-1)d(-1)) than in system I (11 g COD 1(-1)d(-1)) (mesophilic conditions) with stable operation. Higher OLRs in the methanogenic reactors resulted in reactor failure due to increasing total volatile fatty acid levels. In all systems, the concentration of propionate was one of the highest, higher than acetic acid, among the volatile fatty acids in the effluent. The results show the feasibility of using a two-stage system to treat solid potato waste under both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. If the aim is to treat solid potato waste completely within a short period of time thermophilic conditions are to be preferred, but to obtain higher methane yield mesophilic conditions are preferable and therefore there is a need to balance methane yield and complete digestion period when dealing with large quantities of solid potato waste.
Directed Self-Assembly of Colloidal Dumbbells with an Electric Field (2010)

We demonstrate the assembly of colloidal particles with the shape of diatomic molecules ("dumbbells") into crystals that we study with confocal microscopy. The literature on the preparation of nonspherical colloidal particles has grown steadily. Assembly of these particles into regular three-dimensional crystalline lattices, however, is rarely, if ever, achieved and has not yet been studied quantitatively in 3D real space. We find that, by application of an electric field, such particles assemble quite readily. By varying the particle aspect ratio, range of interactions, and electric field strength, we find several different crystal structures of which three have never before been observed. Moreover, the electric field can be used to switch between different structures and manipulate/switch the photonic properties. Moreover, our work sheds light on fundamental questions related to the self-assembly of nonspherical particles.
Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 1979 (1979)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
of the Large Subunit of Mol (Mo1; formerly gp 110), a Surface Glycoprotein Associated with Neutrophil Adhesion (1984)

Mola (formerly gp 110) is a neutro- phil glycoprotein whose deficiency is associated with abnormalities in several neutrophil functions, including defects in adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. Examination ofwhole cells and subcellular components by the use of both immunological and electrophoretic techniques demonstrated that Mo la was located primar- ily in the specific granules but that a small portion was present in the plasma membrane, where it is exposed to the extracellular environment and can bind to anti-Mo 1 antibody. During degranulation, Mola is translocated from the specific granules to the plasma membrane, resulting in a 5-10-fold increase in the surface expression of this glycoprotein. These findings plus previous work suggest that plasma membrane-associated Mole is needed for a normal interaction between neutrophils and un- derlying surfaces, and raise the possibility that the in- crease in surface adhesiveness of neutrophils that have discharged their specific granules might be due in part to the increase in the amount of Mo 1a in the plasma membranes of these degranulated cells.
The Pricing of IPO Services and Issues: Theory and Estimation (2014)

We estimate a model for the process for setting IPO spreads and offer prices. We establish that the partially rigid spread schedule observed for IPOs, where over 90% of IPOs with proceeds between $20 and $80 million have a spread of 7%, can be rationalized as optimal collusion. Optimal collusion creates a rationale for high underpricing, and we use data on both spreads and underpricing to estimate structural parameters. Our estimates suggest that firms benefit from holding IPOs but that idiosyncratic manager preferences may drive much of the IPO market. Much of the money left on the table is estimated to accrue to underwriters.
Development of Human Tracking System For Video Surveillance (2011)

Visual surveillance in dynamic scenes, especially for human and some objects is one of the most active research areas. An attempt has been made to this issue in this work. It has wide spectrum of promising application including human identification to detect the suspicious behavior, crowd flux statistics, and congestion analysis using multiple cameras. In this paper deals with the problem of detecting and tracking multiple moving people in a static background. Detection of foreground object is done by background subtraction. Detected objects are identified and analyzed through different blobs. Then tracking is performed by matching corresponding features of blob. An algorithm has been developed in this perspective using Angular Deviation of Center of Gravity (ADCG), which gives a satisfying result for segmentation of human object.
Experimentação política da amizade: alteridade e solidariedade nas classes populares (2007)

Pensar na possibilidade da amizade como espaço de experimentação capaz de irromper formas fixas de subjetividade e sociabilidade constituindo uma forma de resistência política representa um convite à alteridade numa relação experimental designada pelo compromisso irreversível com o outro. Este trabalho pretende descrever e discutir alguns resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado que investigou as semânticas da amizade e a possibilidade da amizade se configurar como espaço de experimentação política. Buscando compreender como os laços de amizade podem constituir relações privilegiadas de experimentação de outras formas de relacionamento incompatíveis com os modelos individualistas e excludentes do capitalismo, entrevistou-se trabalhadores de cooperativas populares sobre as suas histórias de amizade. Os resultados dessa pesquisa destacam que os laços solidários que florescem entre amigos nas classes populares escapam aos imperativos neoliberais e resistem à situação de opressão, revelando modos criativos e astuciosos de enfrentamento de condições espoliantes, contribuindo para reverter situações de penúria.
gp330 and RAP: The Heymann Nephritis Antigenic Complexa (1994)

It is apparent that significant progress has been made in the characterization of gp330 in the years that have elapsed since its initial identification as the nephritogenic antigen of Heymann nephritis. However, there are still many gaps in our knowledge and we do not yet have a full picture of the molecular events leading to the formation of immune deposits in glomerular capillaries. Moreover, we still do not have direct information on the normal function(s) of gp330 and RAP and their trafficking in renal and other epithelia. The availability of the yolk sac and other cell lines that express gp330 and RAP together with the identification of the functional domains of RAP should greatly facilitate experimental studies designed to elucidate these problems. Progress will also be greatly facilitated in the future when the complete amino-acid sequence of gp330 becomes available, making possible further structural studies. It is our hope that new knowledge obtained on the molecular mechanisms of HN will provide insights into the molecular pathogenesis of human membranous nephropathy and will provide a strategy for the design of appropriate treatments to interrupt the process.
Estado social de derecho y ley general: una perspectiva constitucional (1994)

One of the most important results of this study was discovering a common trend and consistency of Iranian and international publications on COVID-19. Accordingly, in the topic category "Covid-19 Proteins: Vaccine and Antibody Response," Iranian publications have a common publishing and research trend with international ones.
Reciprocity, unitarity, and time-reversal symmetry of the<b><i>S</i></b>matrix of fields containing evanescent components (2000)

We derive general relationships of the S matrix of fields containing evanescent components. Our formalism covers time-independent quantum scattering as well as scattering of classical scalar waves. We show that reciprocity, energy (or probability) conservation, and time-reversal symmetry in the presence of evanescent waves lead to relationships that extend the well-known relations previously derived in asymptotic scattering. On this basis, we discuss the link between reciprocity and time-reversal symmetry. We also address the experimental feasibility of time reversal of a field containing evanescent components.
A 4GL Based Executive Search System (1993)

Information systems for executive search firms combine the need for relational database applications with the necessity to perform text searches on often large databases of candidate resumes. In addition mechanisms for efficient addition of resumes received by mail or fax to the existing database, transmission of selected resumes to client companies, usually via fax, and editing capabilities to update or improve resumes, have to be provided. A system with these capabilities has been developed, as an exhaustive evaluation of commercially available software failed to identify a package with all required capabilities.
The undifferentiated enzymic composition of human fetal lung and pulmonary tumors. (1977)

The concentrations of 16 to 21 enzymes, representing various metabolic pathways, have been determined in human adult, fetal, and neoplastic lung. At midgestation, 12 enzymes (among them, several that metabolize amino acids) were above their adult values while 3 other enzymes were still at low concentrations. These signs of biochemical immaturity are contrasted and compared with those in fetal human liver and rat lung. The enzymic composition of the 11 human pulmonary tumors studied resembled that of the normal fetal lungs closely; the same 12 enzymes were elevated and the same 2 were decreased (compared to nonneoplastic adult lung) in both. The characteristic abnormality in the overall pattern of enzymes, in the concentrations of individual ones, and in the quality of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase was clearly evident in both primary and metastatic tumors. The mean concentrations of 10 enzymes in the tumors were significantly different (higher or lower) from those in the control lungs (p less than 0.001 to less than 0.05). The best markers of neoplasticity were thymidine kinase, peptidyl proline hydroxylase, phosphoserine phosphatase, hexokinase, and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase. The results demonstrate that quantification of a small battery of enzymes, none of them tissue specific, can distinguish adult human lung from its neoplasms.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan in Patients with Nonerosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study (2016)

Vonoprazan at doses of 10 mg and 20 mg are not superior to placebo with respect to proportion of days without heartburn, whereas the mean severity of heartburn is lower with vonoprazan compared with placebo in patients with NERD. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01474369.
Treatment of Heterotopic Cervical and Intrauterine Pregnancy (2000)

Cervical pregnancy is usually considered a life-threatening event. Other factors such as concomitant intrauterine pregnancy and the patient's infertility history generally would be secondary concerns. In this case, we were able to selectively terminate the cervical pregnancy, while preserving the intrauterine one, allowing this couple to have a healthy newborn. Further cases will be necessary to appropriately define risk rates for such an approach.
What studies of fusion peptides tell us about viral envelope glycoprotein-mediated membrane fusion (Review) (1997)

This review describes the numerous and innovative methods used to study the structure and function of viral fusion peptides. The systems studied include both intact fusion proteins and synthetic peptides interacting with model membranes. The strategies and methods include dissecting the fusion process into intermediate stages, comparing the effects of sequence mutations, electrophysiological patch clamp methods, hydrophobic photolabelling, video microscopy of the redistribution of both aqueous and lipophilic fluorescent probes between cells, standard optical spectroscopy of peptides in solution (circular dichroism and fluorescence) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of peptides bound to planar bilayers. Although the goal of a detailed picture of the fusion pore has not been achieved for any of the intermediate stages, important properties useful for constraining the development of models are emerging. For example, the presence of alpha-helical structure in at least part of the fusion peptide is strongly correlated with activity; whereas, beta-structure tends to be less prevalent, associated with non-native experimental conditions, and more related to vesicle aggregation than fusion. The specific angle of insertion of the peptides into the membrane plane is also found to be an important characteristic for the fusion process. A shallow penetration, extending only to the central aliphatic core region, is likely responsible for the destabilization of the lipids required for coalescence of the apposing membranes and fusion. The functional role of the fusion peptides (which tend to be either nonpolar or aliphatic) is then to bind to and dehydrate the outer bilayers at a localized site; and thus reduce the energy barrier for the formation of highly curved, lipidic 'stalk' intermediates. In addition, the importance of the formation of specific, 'higher-order' fusion peptide complexes has also been shown. Recent crystallographic structures of core domains of two more fusion proteins (in addition to influenza haemagglutinin) has greatly facilitated the development of prototypic models of the fusion site. This latter effort will undoubtedly benefit from the insights and constraints gained from the studies of fusion peptides.
Datebase Management in a Multi-Access Environment (1971)

It has been the intent of this paper to define a Database Management System as a network of logical subsystems, to include a specification of the gross function of each subsystem. Figures 1 and 2 describe the network and illustrate the relationships between the subsystems. An attempt has been made to define a hierarchy of solutions to the problem of file sharing - a problem which must be solved if performance is to be maintained in the face of a movement toward multi-access systems operating on large integrated databases. These solutions are developed in sufficient detail so as to make them clearly distinguishable. The ingredients of a ``secure'' Database Management System were discussed. The security problem, like the sharing problem, becomes critical as databases are made available to more and more users.
Phase transformation and magnetic properties of Sm(Co0.91−xFexCu0.07Zr0.02)z powders for bonded magnet applications (1998)

Structural and magnetic properties of Sm(Co0.91−xFexCu0.07Zr0.02)8.0, where x=0, 0.12, 0.21, 0.29, and 0.32, and Sm(Co0.64Fe0.28Cu0.06Zr0.02)z, where z ranged from 6.9 to 8.6, have been systematically investigated by x-ray powder diffraction. It was found that most of these alloys exhibit a hexagonal Th2Ni17 structure with a space group P63/mmc after an optimum solid solution treatment with rapid quench. The fully processed materials (after precipitation hardening) all exhibit a rhombohedral Th2Zn17 structure with a space group of R3̄m as the primary phase. For Sm(Co0.91−xFexCu0.07Zr0.02)8.0, the lattice parameters, a and c, and cell volume, V, increase slightly at first with increasing x, and then more sharply when x is increased above 0.28. The latter drastic increase in lattice parameters and cell volume results in a sharp decrease in the Hci, Hc, and Hk values of fully processed materials. For Sm(Co0.64Fe0.28Cu0.06Zr0.02)z, the lattice parameters, a and c, and cell volume increase slightly when z is varied from 6.8 to 7.8, then exhibit a drastic decrease when z is further increased beyond 8.0. A Br of 11.3 kG, Hci of 27 kOe, and BHmax of 30 MGOe have been obtained on Sm(Co0.63Fe0.28Cu0.07Zr0.02)8.0 after a solid solution at 1160 °C and aging at 850 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS AND OXIDATION OF 4‐(N‐ARYLMETHYLIDENEAMINO)‐2,6‐DI‐T‐BUTYLPHENOLS (1975)

Abstract Die Pyridin‐katalysierte Reaktion des Aminophenols (I) mit den Benzaldehyden (II) liefert die Azomethine (III); diese‐gehen bei der Oxidation mit PbO 2 in THF in die stabilen Phenoxyradikale (IV) über, die sich beim Einengen ihrer Cyclohexan‐Lösungen zu den gelben kristallinen Cyclohexadienonen (V) dimerisieren.
WiGipedia: A Tool for Improving Structured Data in Wikipedia (2011)

Wikipedia is emerging as the dominant global knowledge repository. Recently, large numbers of users have collaborated to produce more structured information in the so called "info boxes''. However, editing this data requires even more care than editing standard wikitext, as one must follow arcane template syntax. This paper describes WiGipedia, a novel tool which provides an alternative to the traditional approach, by supporting editing of structured wiki data through two intuitive and interactive interfaces, facilitating user input on both tabular and graph-based representations of structured data. The tool allows users to identify and correct inconsistencies that are otherwise hidden across multiple articles. Furthermore, a novel recommendation algorithm is applied to assist users in their contribution to the wiki. The paper discusses design, implementation details, and results of a usability study in which the system compares significantly well against the traditional approach to editing Wikipedia infoboxes.
Promise and pitfalls of the Immunochip (2010)

Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have proven a powerful hypothesis-free method to identify common disease-associated variants. Even quite large GWAS, however, have only at best identified moderate proportions of the genetic variants contributing to disease heritability. To provide cost-effective genotyping of common and rare variants to map the remaining heritability and to fine-map established loci, the Immunochip Consortium has developed a 200,000 SNP chip that has been produced in very large numbers for a fraction of the cost of GWAS chips. This chip provides a powerful tool for immunogenetics gene mapping.