gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine Phenol Lyase (1970)

Abstract Crystalline l-tyrosine phenol lyase of Escherichia intermedia A-21 is inactive in the absence of added pyridoxal phosphate. Half-maximal enzymatic activity is obtained at a concentration of 1.3 x 10-6 m pyridoxal phosphate. Binding of pyridoxal phosphate to the apoenzyme is accompanied by pronounced increase in absorbance at 340 and 430 mµ. Holotyrosine phenol lyase requires K+ or NH4+ for its maximal activity, but Na+ is inactive. When K+ is replaced by Na+, a small decrease in absorbance at 430 mµ is observed. The amount of pyridoxal phosphate bound to the apoenzyme was determined by equilibrium dialysis and spectrophotometric titration to be 2 moles per mole of enzyme. Reduction of holoenzyme with sodium borohydride results in a shift of the absorption peak at 430 mµ to 336 mµ. e-Pyridoxyllysine was isolated from the acid hydrolysate of the reduced holoenzyme by paper chromatography and electrophoresis. Addition of the substrate, l-tyrosine, or the competitive inhibitor, l-alanine, to the holoenzyme causes appearance of a new absorption peak near 500 mµ which disappears as the substrate is decomposed but remains unchanged in the presence of the inhibitor.
The predominance of flunisolide in the topical use of anti-inflammatory steroids. (1982)

Local and systemic anti-inflammatory effects of topically applied flunisolide on hind footpad edema induced by subplantar injection of 1 microgram of serotonin in mice were evaluated in comparison with those of three related steroids. The order of the potency for local anti-inflammatory effect observed in the foot injected with the steroids was flunisolide, dexamethasone, betamethasone valerate and beclomethasone dipropionate in decreasing order. In contrast, potency for systemic effect of flunisolide observed on the opposite foot was rather weak compared with its strong local effect. When steroids were administered orally, the order of the anti-inflammatory potency as dexamethasone, beclomethasone dipropionate, flunisolide and betamethasone valerate in decreasing order. All of the data demonstrate that flunisolide is highly active in topical use, while systemically it is relatively weak, especially by oral administration. Those characteristics of flunisolide could be attributable to its rapid metabolic inactivation in the liver, which suggests a great advantage of its topical use in the clinical medicine.
Against Materialism (2006)

Materialism is the idea that human beings are material objects-brains, perhaps, or some part of the brain-without immaterial selves or souls.I give two arguments against materialism.The first is an argument from possibility: it is possible that I should exist when no part of my body exists, in which case I am not identical with my body or any part of my body.The second is an argument from impossibility.If materialism is true, a belief, for example, the belief that the British lost the American Revolutionary War, would have to be something like an event in one's nervous system.But it is impossible that a material process or event be about something; no such process could be about the British or anything else.So either there are no beliefs or materialism is false.But obviously there are beliefs.1 propose to give two arguments against materialism-or, if you think that's too negative, two arguments for substantial dualism.'Substantial' is to be taken in two senses: first, the dualism in question, the dualism for which 1 mean to argue, is substantial as opposed to trivial; some versions of property dualism seem to me to be at best wholly insubstantiaL Second, according to the most popular form of dualism -one embraced by Plato, Augustine, Descartes and a thousand others-a human person is an immaterial substance: a thing, an object, a substance, a suppositum (as my Thomist colleagues would put it), and a thing that isn't material, although, of course, it is intimately connected with a material body.But there is also the view the name' dualism' suggests: the view according to which a human person is somehow a sort of composite substance S composed of a material substance S* and an immaterial substance S**.1 We can sensibly include this view under 'dualism' -provided, that is, that having S* as a part is not essential to S. (I add this proviso because my first argument is for the conclusion that possibly, 1 exist when my body does not.)Perhaps a better name for the view 1 mean to defend is 'immaterialis:n'; the view that a human person is not a material object.Of course it's far from easy to say just what a material object is. 2 For present purposes let's put it recursively: a material object is either an atom, or is composed of atoms.Thus atoms, molecules, cells, hearts, brains and human bodies are all material objects; we'll leave open the question whether such things aE, electrons, quarks, protons, fields, and superstrings (if indeed there are such things) are material objects.What I'll argue for, accordingly, is the view that human persons are not material objects.They are objects (substances), however; therefore they are immaterial objects.My conclusion, of course, is hardly original (going back at least to Plato); my general style
High efficiency LTE band base station antenna array for MIMO system evaluation (2010)

This paper describes the thorough analysis of a highly-efficient prototype antenna array primarily aimed at providing a benchmark for MIMO base station antenna array and system evaluation. Results for a single element, dual-polarised antenna and a 4-element planar array employing air-dielectric patch elements to minimise losses are presented. Measured input response data show agreement in resonant frequency with FDTD simulations to within 1%. The single element is highly linearly polarised, has a maximum gain of 10dB and an estimated efficiency of 95% (all the errors in measurement having been identified systematically). The 2×2 planar array of elements has mutual coupling less than -25dB, almost zero pattern correlation and almost identical embedded far-field radiation patterns for each element, and thus ideal for MIMO system evaluation.
Efficacy of ivermectin delivered from a sustained-release bolus against inhibited early fourth-stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi and other nematodes in cattle. (1992)

The anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) delivered from a sustained-release (SR) bolus was evaluated against natural infections with gastrointestinal tract nematodes in 12 crossbred beef heifers in spring. The 12 calves were randomly allotted to 2 groups of 6 calves each. Group-1 calves were treated with an SR bolus designed to deliver 8 mg of ivermectin/d. Group-2 calves were nontreated controls. Cattle groups were kept in separate concrete-floored pens (grass hay nutrition) and slaughter was performed at 35 days after treatment. Fecal egg counts for group-1 calves remained zero after treatment, except for detection of less than 1 egg/g of feces in 1 calf at the time of slaughter; counts in nontreated calves increased. Mean and range of Ostertagia ostertagi inhibited larvae in nontreated calves were 27,093 and 10,622 to 56,368, respectively. Efficacy of the IVM SR bolus was 100% against O ostertagi developing fourth-stage larvae (L4) and inhibited early L4, Haemonchus placei adults, Cooperia punctata and C spatulata adult males, Cooperia spp adult females, Cooperia spp L4, Trichostrongylus colubriformis adults, Bunostomum phlebotomum adults, and Oesophagostomum radiatum adults. Efficacy for O ostertagi and T axei adults was 99.9%. Numbers of nontreated calves infected with C pectinata adult males and Oes radiatum L4 were too low to evaluate efficacy. Calves treated with the IVM bolus gained 10.2 kg, whereas nontreated calves lost 1.8 kg. Abomasal lesions were clearly greater in nontreated calves on the basis of index comparisons of abomasal weight and total live weight and gross pathologic features.
Features of Effective T Cell-Inducing Vaccines against Chronic Viral Infections (2018)

For many years, the focus of prophylactic vaccines was to elicit neutralizing antibodies, but it has become increasingly evident that T cell-mediated immunity plays a central role in controlling persistent viral infections such as with human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis C virus. Currently, various promising prophylactic vaccines, capable of inducing substantial vaccine-specific T cell responses, are investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. There is compelling evidence that protection by T cells is related to the magnitude and breadth of the T cell response, the type and homing properties of the memory T cell subsets, and their cytokine polyfunctionality and metabolic fitness. In this review, we evaluated these key factors that determine the qualitative and quantitative properties of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses in the context of chronic viral disease and prophylactic vaccine development. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying T cell-mediated protection against chronic viral pathogens will facilitate the development of more potent, durable and safe prophylactic T cell-based vaccines.
Insulitis in Type 1 Diabetes: A Sticky Problem (2009)

Lymphocytic infiltration in the islets of Langerhans is generally recognized as the defining lesion in young patients with recent-onset type 1A diabetes. In a landmark article published in Diabetes in 1965, Gepts (1) described insulitis in 70% of cases with acute diabetes and found that the lesion only affected islets with residual β-cells in pancreatic organs that had otherwise lost most of their β-cell mass. He concluded that the disease was probably caused by a protracted β-cell–specific (auto)immune process, thereby initiating a domain of study that has led to many new insights into the disease process, the identification of preclinical markers, and the definition of new intervention strategies.

Unfortunately, our knowledge of the early disease processes leading to the specific destruction of β-cells is far from complete. Among other things, it is still unknown what event triggers the T-cell–mediated inflammatory process, why the infiltrate of predominantly CD8+T-cells and macrophages is limited to the islets of Langerhans and only β-cells are destroyed, against which antigen the inflammatory infiltrate is directed, and whether this antigen is of an endogenous or exogenous nature (2–5). This lack of knowledge is, to a considerable extent, caused by the scarcity of material regarding those recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, of which only several dozen cases have been described in the literature (6). It is especially due to the virtual absence of material regarding pre-diabetic individuals …
Atmospheric pressure plasma jet utilizing Ar and Ar/H <sub>2</sub> O mixtures and its applications to bacteria inactivation (2014)

An atmospheric pressure plasma jet generated with Ar with H2O vapor is characterized and applied to inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores. The emission spectra obtained from Ar/H2O plasma shows a higher intensity of OH radicals compared to pure argon at a specified H2O concentration. The gas temperature is estimated by comparing the simulated spectra of the OH band with experimental spectra. The excitation electron temperature is determined from the Boltzmann's plots and Stark broadening of the hydrogen Balmer Hβ line is applied to measure the electron density. The gas temperature, excitation electron temperature, and electron density of the plasma jet decrease with the increase of water vapor concentration at a fixed input voltage. The bacteria inactivation rate increases with the increase of OH generation reaching a maximum reduction at 2.6% (v/v) water vapor. Our results also show that the OH radicals generated by the Ar/H2O plasma jet only makes a limited contribution to spore inactivation and the shape change of the spores before and after plasma irradiation is discussed.
NOC-centric Security of Reconfigurable SoC (2007)

This paper presents a first solution for NoC-based communication security. Our proposal is based on simple network interfaces implementing distributed security rule checking and a separation between security and application channels. We detail a four- step security policy and show how, with usual NOC techniques, a designer can protect a reconfigurable SOC against attacks that result in abnormal communication behaviors. We introduce a new kind of relative and self-complemented street-sign routing adapted to path-based IP identification and reconfigurable architectures needs. Our approach is illustrated with a synthetic set-top box, we also show how to transform a real-life bus-based security solution to match our NOC-based architecture
Increased power output and resonance effects in a thermal engine driven by a first or second order model reaction (1985)

In the preceding article we show that in a model of a chemically driven thermal engine the dissipation may be decreased and the power output and efficiency may be increased by an appropriate variation of external constraints which couple to nonlinearities in the reaction mechanism. Here we investigate these possibilities, and resonance phenomena, for two cases: an engine driven by a first order reaction and one driven by a second order reaction. The reactions may be exothermic or endothermic. We discuss the properties and mechanisms which lead to an increased power output: the unperturbed stationary state must be sufficiently far from equilibrium that LeChatelier’s principle is not obeyed; high frequency perturbations are favorable in the exothermic case, whereas an increase in power output of an endothermic reaction requires low frequency perturbations. With a linear response analysis we find resonances in power output for both first order and second order reactions when the system approaches a Hopf-type instability. The evaluation of the actual shape of the resonance curves, of course, requires the inclusion of the full nonlinearities which is left to a future numerical investigation.
Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Alumina‐Based Ceramics with Novel Mechanical, Electrical, and Thermal Properties (2004)

The extraordinary mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have prompted the development of advanced engineering materials with improved properties through the incorporation of carbon nanotubes in selected matrices. Dense SWCNT reinforced alumina nanocomposites have been fabricated by novel spark‐plasma‐sintering (SPS) technique. SWCNT were also successfully used to convert insulating nanoceramics to metallically conductive composites. Additionally, novel anisotropic thermal properties have been observed in the carbon nanotube composites. Such multifunctional carbon nanotube/ceramic composites with improved mechanical and electrical properties along with anisotropic thermal properties are envisaged for a wide range of applications.
Infrared emissions from turbofans with high aspect ratio nozzles (1981)

A mixed flow turbofan is analyzed from the point of view of i.r. emission characteristics. A simple absorption coefficient model of the core flow gas displays the potential effectiveness of high aspect ratio nozzles as a variable in the design of aircraft engine installations for low i.r. signature. The simplicity of the model described and the limited view perspectives used to assess the signature restrict the usefulness of the results to that of guiding preliminary design. In general, more precise solutions are complex and depend on specification of a relatively large number of independent variables to describe the source—seeker geometry, weather, etc. The level of effort to carry out more accurate analysis may be inconsistent with the preliminary design process where simple criteria such as those described here may be sufficient to select the best of several candidate designs. The influence of cycle parameters is assessed using an /zth power dependence of radiation on temperature and a simple mixing model to estimate the core length. The analysis shows that cycle parameters which improve cycle efficiency and thus fuel consumption also reduce i.r. emissions. Bypass ratio near unity gives low i.r. signature for both optically thin and thick spectral regions.
Ozonation as a non-chemical stored product protection technology. (2006)

Scale-up and demonstration trials were conducted at the pilot bin facility of the Purdue University Post-Harvest Education &amp; Research Center in June 2005 with conventional maize, at a popcorn facility in July 2005, and at an organic maize storage and processing facility in September 2005. The primary objective of these trials was to determine the efficacy of ozonation to control insect pests. The basic setup for ozonation at these sites consisted of generating ozone with commercially available generators, introduction in the headspace, drawdown to the plenum with a suction fan, and re-circulation of ozone back into the bin headspace. Ozonation was done to attain an ozone concentration of 50 ppm in the plenum and maintained for a period of 3 days to achieve mortality of insects comparable to phosphine fumigation. The trials were performed using insect bioassays with adults of maize weevil, red flour beetle and larvae of Indianmeal moth that were placed 0.6 m below the grain surface and in the plenum of silos. The concept of two phases of ozonation and the airflow rates needed to achieve the required treatment levels of 50 ppm were confirmed. The trials proved the efficacy of ozonation in achieving stored product insect mortality comparable to phosphine fumigation. The trials at the popcorn and organic maize facilities confirmed that end-use parameters like popping volume of popcorn and milliability of organic maize were not affected.
Rock mechanics design in mining and tunneling (1984)

Keywords: Tunnels ; Construction du tunnel Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
Increased leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate of patients with exacerbations of COPD (2003)

Non-invasive markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are increased during an infective exacerbation of COPD and only slowly recover after treatment with antibiotics.
NiO nanorod array anchored Ni foam as a binder-free anode for high-rate lithium ion batteries (2014)

3D binder-free NiO nanorod-anchored Ni foam electrodes synthesized by <italic>in situ</italic> anodization and annealing exhibit superior cyclability and high rate performance.
Multi-Column Deep Neural Networks for Offline Handwritten Chinese Character Classification (2013)

Our Multi-Column Deep Neural Networks achieve best known recognition rates on Chinese characters from the ICDAR 2011 and 2013 offline handwriting competitions, approaching human performance.
Using Proteomic Approach to Identify Tumor-Associated Proteins as Biomarkers in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2011)

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers in China. The lower survival rate of ESCC is attributed to late diagnosis and poor therapeutic efficacy; therefore, the identification of tumor-associated proteins as biomarkers for early diagnosis, and the discovery of novel targets for therapeutic intervention, seems very important for increasing the survival rate of ESCC. To identify tumor-associated proteins as biomarkers in ESCC, we have analyzed ESCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. The results showed that a total of 104 protein spots with different expression levels were found on 2DE, and 47 proteins were eventually identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Among these identified proteins, 33 proteins including keratin 17 (KRT17), biliverdin reductase B (BLVRB), proteasome activator subunit 1 (PSME1), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), high-mobility group box-1(HMGB1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), peroxiredoxin (PRDX1), keratin 13 (KRT13), and so on were overexpressed, and 14 proteins including cystatin B (CSTB), tropomyosin 2 (TPM2), annexin 1 (ANX1), transgelin (TAGLN), keratin 19 (KRT19), stratifin (SFN), and so on were down-expressed in ESCC. Biological functions of these proteins are associated with cell proliferation, cell motility, protein folding, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. In the subsequent study using immunoassay on ESCC serum samples and tissue-array slides, two representative proteins, HSP70 and HMGB1, were selected as examples for the purpose of validation. The results showed that both HSP70 and HMGB1 can induce autoantibody response in ESCC sera and have higher expression in ESCC tissues. Especially, the frequency of antibodies to HSP70 in ESCC sera was significantly higher than that in normal human sera. The preliminary results suggest that some of these identified proteins might contribute to esophageal cell differentiation and carcinogenesis, certain proteins could be used as tumor-associated antigen (TAA) biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, and further studies on these identified proteins should provide more evidence of how these proteins are involved in carcinogenesis of ESCC.
COMPARISON OF RFLP-DR BETA AND SEROLOGICAL HLA-DR TYPING IN 1500 INDIVIDUALS (1990)

A group of 1522 individuals were HLA-DR-typed both by the standard serological technique and by the RFLP method. Whereas 11% (n = 164) of the serological typings were technically unsuccessful or doubtful, all typings were successful by RFLP. The results of the remaining 1358 typings revealed a serological error rate of 25%. In 16% a serological "blank" turned out to be a definable allele by RFLP, while in 9% an allele was incorrectly interpreted by serology. Of the individuals tested, 11% were HLA-DR homozygous by RFLP. Our results demonstrate an important clinical potential of RFLP typing for the typing of bone marrow transplant candidates in whom serology often fails, and for kidney transplant candidates with "blanks" or serologically "difficult" HLA antigens.
Equalization of Waveguide Delay Distortion (1965)

Microwave all-pass circuits, consisting of reactive networks used in conjunction with wide-band circulators or couplers, are described. An extremely useful all-pass circuit for minimizing phase distortion results when the restive network is a linear taper extending beyond cutoff. The delay characteristics of this circuit are well suited to the correction of the dispersive characteristics of TE or TM mode waveguides. Design formulas have been derived for the parameters of the tapers and a set of design curves is presented. The use of composite tapered sections and the use of tapers in conjunction with other equalizing circuits are described. Experimental results have been obtained for the phase of the reflection factor of a linear taper. Close agreement was observed between the results predicted by theory and the experimental data. Typical examples demonstrate that the time-delay variation of a length of uniform waveguide can be substantially reduced by linearly tapered waveguide equalizers.
Multi-view Human Recognition based on Face and Gait Features Detection (2008)

In this paper, we proposed a new multi-view human recognition method based on face and gait features detection algorithm. For getting the position of moving object, we used the different of two consecutive frames. And then, base on the extracted object, the first important characteristic, walking direction, will be determined by using the contour of head and shoulder region. If this individual appears in camera with frontal direction, we will use the face features for recognition. The face detection technique is based on the combination of skin color and Haar~like feature whereas eigen-images and PCA are used in the recognition stage. In the other case, if the walking direction is frontal view, gait features will be used. To evaluate the effect of this proposed and compare with another method, we also present some simulation results which are performed in indoor and outdoor environment. Experimental result shows that the proposed algorithm has better recognition efficiency than the conventional single view recognition method.