gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fractionating the neural substrate of cognitive control processes (2002)

Psychological and neurobiological theories of cognitive control must account for flexible, seemless transitions among cognitive operations. When subjects switch between tasks, they must both inhibit the previous task and re-engage in a different task. Inhibition of the disengaged task remains active for a period of time and has to be overcome when re-engaging in the same task. Here we used a task-switching paradigm that allows distinction of two control processes: overcoming the inhibition of a previously performed task when re-engaging it and restarting a sequence of tasks after a period of interruption. Behaviorally, these processes were reflected in the facts that: (i) switching to a recently performed task, that is thus unlikely to have fully recovered from inhibition, takes longer than switching to a task less recently performed and (ii) re-engaging in a sequence of tasks after a period of interruption transiently increases response time. Using event-related functional MRI, we found that these two behavioral effects were accompanied by a double dissociation: the right lateral prefrontal cortex was more activated when switching to a task recently performed compared to a task less recently performed, while the anterior cingulate cortex was recruited when a sequence of tasks was initiated. These results provide insights into the functional organization of the frontal lobe in humans and its role in distinct processes involved in cognitive control.
InP microwave oscillations with 2-zone cathodes (1975)

A 2-zone cathode comprising a thin n+ region under a high-resistance contact improves the efficiency on transferred-electron oscillators. InP devices have shown high efficiency over a temperature range of −50 to +150°C.
Don't evaluate, inherit (2001)

This paper studies fitness inheritance as an efficiency enhancement technique for genetic and evolutionary algorithms. Convergence and population sizing models are derived and compared with experimental results. These models are optimized for greatest speed-up and the optimal inheritance proportion to obtain such a speed-up is derived. Results also show that when the inheritance effects are considered in the population sizing model, the number of function evaluations are reduced by 20 % with the use of fitness inheritance. Results indicate that for a fixed population size, the number of function evaluations can be reduced by 70 % using a simple fitness inheritance technique. 1
Secure data exchange using authenticated Ciphertext-Policy Attributed-Based Encryption (2015)

Easy sharing files in public network that is intended only for certain people often resulting in the leaking of sharing folders or files and able to be read also by others who are not authorized. Secure data is one of the most challenging issues in data sharing systems. Here, Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is a reliable asymmetric encryption mechanism which deals with secure data and used for data encryption. It is not necessary encrypted to one particular user, but recipient is only able to decrypt if and only if the attribute set of his private key match with the specified policy in the ciphertext. In this paper, we propose a secure data exchange using CP-ABE with authentication feature. The data is attribute-based encrypted to satisfy confidentiality feature and authenticated to satisfy data authentication simultaneously.
pH dependent transfer of nano-pores into membrane of cancer cells to induce apoptosis (2013)

Proper balance of ions in intracellular and extracellular space is the key for normal cell functioning. Changes in the conductance of membranes for ions will lead to cell death. One of the main differences between normal and cancerous cells is the low extracellular pHe and the reverse pH gradient: intracellular pHi is higher than extracellular pHe. We report here pH-selective transfer of nano-pores to cancer cells for the dis-regulation of balance of monovalent cations to induce cell death at mildly acidic pHe as it is in most solid tumors. Our approach is based on the pH-sensitive fusion of cellular membrane with the liposomes containing gramicidin A forming cation-conductive β-helix in the membrane. Fusion is promoted only at low extracellular pH by the pH (Low) Insertion Peptide (pHLIP®) attached to the liposomes. Gramicidin channels inserted into the cancer cells open flux of protons into the cytoplasm and disrupt balance of other monovalent cations, which induces cell apoptosis.
Preliminary communication - The effect of a substituent in the central ring on the liquid crystalline properties of di(4-alkoxycarbonylphenyl) terephthalates (1998)

Four series of di(4-alkoxycarbonylphenyl) terephthalates with different lateral substituents in the central ring and lengths of the terminal alkyl groups were synthesized. The influence of the lateral substituent on thermodynamical parameters of the phase transitions and elastic properties of the nematic phases (ratio of bend elastic constant to diamagnetic anisotropy K3/Delta chi) were studied by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and observations of the Freedericksz transition. It was found that increasing the alkyl chain length and the substituent size in the sequence H, Cl, Br, NO2 results in reduction in stability of the crystal and (as frequently observed in other cases) the liquid crystal phases. The changes in the bend elastic constant and the melting enthalpy caused by the substituent variation are correlated with each other, a fact that is explained by the dependence of short-range lamellar packing on size and polarity of substituent.
A simple design of maximally flat delay digital filters (1972)

The problem of maximally flat delay design of recursive digital filters has been solved by Thiran, using a direct z-domain approach. In this paper, the solution is obtained in a much simpler way by making use of the familiar bilinear transform s of the variable z. A suitable continued fraction expansion available in the mathematical literature is shown to lead immediately to the required solution. The approach corresponds to the one used by Abele in transmission line filter design.
Highly Selective Synthesis of Hydrosiloxanes by Au-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling Reaction of Silanols with Hydrosilanes (2017)

We report a highly selective synthesis of siloxane building blocks containing SiH2 or SiH functionalities. AuCl(PPh3)/PPh3 or AuCl(PPh3)/PnBu3 system catalyzed the reaction of trihydrosilanes with silanols giving SiH2-containing siloxanes exclusively. On the other hand, a highly selective reaction of dihydrosilanes with silanols to afford SiH-containing siloxanes was achieved by simply changing the phosphine ligand to a bidentate one, xantphos. Usefulness of SiH2-containing siloxanes was demonstrated by the synthesis of a trisiloxane, Et3SiOSi(Ph)(H)OSitBuMe2, and a pentasiloxane, Ph2Si(OSiHPhOSiEt3)2, bearing SiH functionalities.
Rejection of CW Interference in QPSK Systems Using Decision-Feedback Filters (1983)

In this paper, the performance of QPSK systems using complex transversal filters with additional decision-feedback taps, in the presence of Gaussian noise and a single CW interferer, is analyzed. Both one-sided (with lagging taps) and two-sided transversal filters with additional decision-feedback taps are considered. Analytic expressions for the tap weights and the minimum mean square errors are obtained. The effect of error propagation on the error probability is discussed and an approximate solution for the error probability is obtained. The transient behavior of the filters using the LMS adaptation algorithm is analyzed. It is shown that if the filter is used for rejecting CW interference only, the one-sided decision-feedback filter is preferred.
Large-Scale Synthesis of Gold Nanorods through Continuous Secondary Growth (2013)

Gold nanorods (GNRs) exhibit a tunable longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) that depends on the GNR aspect ratio (AR). Independently controlling the AR and size of GNRs remains challenging but is important because the scattering intensity strongly depends on the GNR size. Here, we report a secondary (seeded) growth procedure, wherein continuous addition of ascorbic acid (AA) to a stirring solution of GNRs, stabilized by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and synthesized by a common GNR growth procedure, deposits the remaining (~70%) of the Au precursor onto the GNRs. The growth phase of GNR synthesis is often performed without stirring, since stirring has been believed to reduce the yield of rod-shaped nanoparticles, but we report that stirring coupled with continuous addition of AA during secondary growth allows improved control over the AR and size of GNRs. After a common primary GNR growth procedure, the LSPR of GNRs is ~820 nm, which can be tuned between ~700-880 nm during secondary growth by adjusting the rate of AA addition or adding benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride hydrate (BDAC). This approach for secondary growth can also be used with primary GNRs of different ARs to achieve different LSPRs and can likely be extended to nanoparticles of different shapes and other metals.
Dysbiotic gut microbiota causes transmissible Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of failure in antimicrobial defence (2015)

We provide clear experimental evidence for the causal role of gut bacterial dysbiosis in the development of chronic ileal inflammation with subsequent failure of Paneth cell function.
Silsesquioxanes as Synthetic Platforms. Thermally Curable and Photocurable Inorganic/Organic Hybrids (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorSilsesquioxanes as Synthetic Platforms. Thermally Curable and Photocurable Inorganic/Organic HybridsAlan Sellinger and Richard M. LaineView Author Information Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136Cite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 6, 2327–2330Publication Date (Web):March 11, 1996Publication History Received6 October 1995Revised4 January 1996Published online11 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma951499yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma951499yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1604Altmetric-Citations242LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydrosilylation,Organic compounds,Propargyls,Silsesquioxanes,Size exclusion chromatography Get e-Alerts
The Trace transform and its applications (2001)

The Trace transform proposed, a generalization of the Radon transform, consists of tracing an image with straight lines along which certain functionals of the image function are calculated. Different functionals that can be used may be invariant to different transformations of the image. The paper presents the properties the functionals must have in order to be useful in three different applications of the method: construction of invariant features to rotation, translation and scaling of the image, construction of sensitive features to the parameters of rotation, translation and scaling of the image, and construction of features that may correlate well with a certain phenomenon we wish to monitor.
Lord Herbert of Cherbury and His Son (1942)

XMONG THE PAPERS1 of John Egerton, first Earl of Bridgewater, now in the Huntington Library, is series of documents involving the relations of Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury, and his eldest son, Richard. The episode which they reveal gives an additional touch of reality to the portrait presented to us in the pages of Lord Herbert's autobiography and amplifies the story of his later life to an extent hardly to be expected after the researches of Sir Sidney Lee.' The preservation of these materials in Bridgewater House is explained by the fact that the Earl was Richard Herbert's fatherin-law and himself party to the complicated transactions of which they are the record. The marriage of Lady Mary Egerton and Richard Herbert took place in November, 1627. Lord Herbert, after long and frequent absences from his family, had returned from the Continent in 1624, rich in chivalric experience but burdened by the expenses of his career. In March, 16627, his French creditors had appealed to the English Treasury to secure from him the payment of debt of ?2,ooo.' The match with the then wealthy Egerton family presumably served the purpose not only of providing for the welfare of his neglected offspring but also of enabling him to satify some of the personal obligations which were pressing on him. The marriage settlement, dated November 1 9 of that year, mentions a great sum
Synthesis of PWM Dc-to-Dc Power Converters (1996)

A novel systematical synthesis method of PWM dc-to-dc converters is established in this thesis. The new method can generate converters in an efficient way, with clear circuit insight.

The family of PWM dc-to-dc converters is defined to include converters with multiple-input and/or multiple-output; converters with arbitrary switched networks in each switching period; and converters with loops consisting only of capacitors and possibly a voltage source or cut-sets consisting only of inductors and possibly a current source in the individual switched networks.

This method is based on the equivalent ac and dc circuits of a PWM dc-to-dc converter, which consist only of switches in the converter.

The first part of the synthesis procedure is carried out without the participation of reactive elements. For a given number of switches and other requirements, the ac topology and its control sequence can be decided. Basic properties of ac and dc circuits are derived. Moreover, the topological relation between an ac circuit and its associated dc circuits is discovered. Based on the volt-second and ampere-second balance equations of the ac circuit and the matrix representation of dc circuits, a formalized dc model in terms of average switch voltages and currents is first developed. Consequently, the dc conversion ratio and switch implementation can be derived for each pair of ac and dc circuits. The associated dc circuits of the given ac circuit can be formally generated and sorted out according to the required dc conversion ratio, the types of switches, the order of the dc circuit, and other properties.

The insertion procedure for reactive elements is also formalized. The basic procedure generates the converters with the minimum number of inductors and capacitors. A modification of the basic procedure is given to generate converters with continuous input and output currents.

Different classes of converters are generated by the new synthesis approach. A class of three-switch converters are discovered, each of which has a loop of capacitors and possibly the voltage source. Some of these three-switch converters are of special practical interests. Also, a class of three-switch, and two-output converters are discovered that can provide opposite polarity output voltages without using a transformer.

Most importantly, this systematic synthesis method provides an analytic and circuit-oriented approach to develop new converter topologies in order to meet new requirements introduced by ever growing number of applications.
The rate controlling step in the oxidative coupling of methane over a lithium-promoted magnesium oxide catalyst (1988)

The rate of conversion of CH4 in the oxidative coupling reaction over a Li/MgO catalyst at 750 °C is 1.5 times greater than that of CD4 demonstrating that C–H bond breaking is the rate determining step in this reaction.
Effect of growth interruptions on the light emission and indium clustering of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (2001)

InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown with various growth interruptions between the InxGa1−xN well and GaN barrier by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were investigated using photoluminescence (PL), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). The integrated PL intensity of the MQWs with growth interruptions is abruptly reduced compared to that of the MQW without growth interruption. Also, as the interruption time increases the peak emission shows a continuous blueshift. Evidence of indium clustering is directly observed both by using an indium ratio map of the MQWs and from indium composition measurements along an InGaN well using EFTEM. The higher-intensity and lower-energy emission of light from the MQW grown without interruption showing indium clustering is believed to be caused by the recombination of excitons localized in indium clustering regions and the increased indium composition in these recombination centers.
Meeting GHG reduction targets requires accounting for all forest sector emissions (2019)

Abstract Atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) must be reduced to avoid an unsustainable climate. Because carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and sequestered in forests and wood products, mitigation strategies to sustain and increase forest carbon sequestration are being developed. These strategies require full accounting of forest sector GHG budgets. Here, we describe a rigorous approach using over one million observations from forest inventory data and a regionally calibrated life-cycle assessment for calculating cradle-to-grave forest sector emissions and sequestration. We find that Western US forests are net sinks because there is a positive net balance of forest carbon uptake exceeding losses due to harvesting, wood product use, and combustion by wildfire. However, over 100 years of wood product usage is reducing the potential annual sink by an average of 21%, suggesting forest carbon storage can become more effective in climate mitigation through reduction in harvest, longer rotations, or more efficient wood product usage. Of the ∼10 700 million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents removed from west coast forests since 1900, 81% of it has been returned to the atmosphere or deposited in landfills. Moreover, state and federal reporting have erroneously excluded some product-related emissions, resulting in 25%–55% underestimation of state total CO 2 emissions. For states seeking to reach GHG reduction mandates by 2030, it is important that state CO 2 budgets are effectively determined or claimed reductions will be insufficient to mitigate climate change.
Identification of Soluble Forms of Lectin-Like Oxidized LDL Receptor-1 (2000)

Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a type II membrane protein belonging to the C-type lectin family molecules, which can act as a cell-surface endocytosis receptor for atherogenic oxidized LDL. In this study, we show that soluble forms of LOX-1 are present in conditioned media of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) and CHO-K1 cells stably transfected with LOX-1 cDNA. Immunoblot analysis of conditioned media from TNF-alpha-activated BAECs and CHO-K1 cells stably expressing LOX-1 revealed that soluble LOX-1 has an approximate molecular mass of 35 kDa. In TNF-alpha-activated BAECs, cell-surface expression of LOX-1 precedes soluble LOX-1 production. Cell-surface biotinylation followed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting showed that soluble LOX-1 in cell-conditioned media is derived from LOX-1 expressed on the cell surface. Production of soluble LOX-1 was inhibited by PMSF, suggesting that PMSF-sensitive proteases may be involved in this process. Purification of soluble LOX-1 by high-performance liquid chromatography and N-terminal amino acid sequencing of soluble LOX-1 identified the 2 cleavage sites between Arg(86)-Ser(87) and Lys(89)-Ser(90), which were located in the membrane proximal extracellular domain of LOX-1. The data demonstrate that cell-surface LOX-1 can be cleaved at 2 different sites and transformed into soluble forms. Further studies may explore therapeutic and diagnostic applications of soluble LOX-1 in atherosclerotic diseases.
Large Deformation Analysis of Strip Footing on Layered Purely Cohesive Soils (2000)

The bearing capacity of footings on layered soils has already received significant attention of researchers, however, most of the reported studies are limited to footings resting on the surface of soil, and are based on the assumption that the displacement of the footing is very small. In this paper, an approach developed by Hu and Randolph, which combines the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) approach and the finite element (FE) method, is adopted to allow the large penetration analysis of footings on layered soil. The FE configurations and ALE approach were verified by comparing the FE small deformation analysis results with available analytical and semi-empirical predictions, and the results of ALE large deformation analyses with available solutions for homogeneous soil. Large deformation analyses of strip footings on strong-over-weak layered cohesive soils were carried out. The load-displacement curves and the bearing capacity factors predicted by the large deformation analysis are given in the paper. It is shown that during footing penetration, both the increased bearing resistance from the soil above the footing base and the decreased bearing resistance from the weaker bottom soil affect the overall bearing capacity. Bearing capacity factors are given for various cases of different layer thickness and different cohesion ratios for the two soil layers. Unlike the small deformation analysis for cohesive soil, it is found that the soil self-weight can have a significant effect on the bearing capacity in large penetration problems.
The Corneomandibular Reflex (1963)

The corneomandibular reflex, or von Sölder phenomenon, is an automatic, involuntary movement of the mandible elicited by touching the cornea. This phenomenon is helpful in diagnosis of supranculear lesions of the trigeminal nerve. It simply requires observation of the relaxed and slightly opened jaw when the cornea is stroked with a cotton wisp, and it can be handily included in the testing of corneal sensation. A prominent deviation of the jaw, the result of homolateral contraction of the external pterygoid muscle, constitutes a positive response. Because this reflex has not been previously reported in the ophthalmic literature to our knowledge, the following cases are presented. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —This 61-year-old Negro male was seen in October, 1961. He had known severe hypertensive vascular disease for many years. He suffered a sudden right hemiplegia in 1952 and a left hemiparesis in 1955. Three weeks prior to admission, he developed