gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Fab fragment of a directly activating monoclonal antibody that precipitates a disulfide-linked heterodimer from a helper T cell clone blocks activation by either allogeneic Ia or antigen and self-Ia. (1984)

We characterize a monoclonal antibody directed against the antigen/Ia receptor of a cloned helper T cell line that induced T cell clone proliferation and T cell clone-dependent B cell proliferation at antibody concentrations as low as 10(-11) M. A Fab fragment of this antibody was not stimulatory, implicating cross-linking of antigen receptors as the primary signal for T cell activation. The Fab fragment inhibited activation of this clone by both allogeneic Ia and antigen plus self-Ia, but not by the nonspecific stimulators concanavalin A and rabbit anti-mouse brain serum. This strongly supports the hypothesis that a single molecule mediates both self-Ia plus antigen and non-self-Ia recognition. This molecule is presumably the disulfide-linked heterodimer comprised of 42,000 mol wt acidic and basic subunits precipitated by this monoclonal antibody. The cell surface and internal precursor forms of this protein are also identified. In addition, the response to allogeneic Ia stimulation was more readily inhibited by the Fab fragment than was the response to antigen plus self-Ia, suggesting that alloreactivity reflects a low affinity interaction with a ligand represented at high frequency on the stimulatory cell.
Horizon detection in foggy aerial image (2010)

Vision-based automatically landing is important for micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Horizon is a very useful clue. Most of the existing solutions for the problem can get accurate results in clear weather. However, for some images shoot in extreme environmental conditions like foggy or cloudy sky these methods are difficult in identifying the horizon correctly. In this paper, we propose a robust, vision-based horizon detection algorithm fit for this condition. The algorithm we put forward is based on a dark channel prior, which describes the depth of haze naturally. The horizon can be easily determined in dark channel property space. We then verify our vision-based horizon detection algorithm with real flying data. The results indicate that the algorithm is robust to heavy foggy weather conditions. This algorithm can also be useful in synthetic vision system.
Microtexture and Chitin/Calcite Orientation Relationship in the Mineralized Exoskeleton of the American Lobster (2008)

Abstract The exoskeleton of the American lobster Homarus americanus is a hierarchical nanocomposite consisting of chitin–protein fibers, reinforced with amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and a small amount of crystalline calcite. Crystallographic pole‐figure analysis reveals two texture components of the crystalline α ‐chitin in the exoskeleton. One component represents the well‐known twisted plywood structure of chitin–protein fibers within the cuticle plane, and the second component represents fibers oriented roughly perpendicular to the cuticle surface. These perpendicular fibers interpenetrate the open canals of the planar honeycomblike structure originating from the well‐developed pore‐canal system present in this material. The calcite crystallites reveal fiber texture with the crystallographic c ‐axis oriented perpendicular to the cuticle surface, suggesting an orientation relationship between calcite and the organic chitin–protein fibers. Local orientation analysis using X‐ray microdiffraction reveals that the crystalline calcium carbonate fraction is associated with the chitin–protein fibers oriented perpendicular to the surface. Calcite is exclusively found in the exocuticle and is mostly restricted to a thin layer in the outermost region, while the major part of the exocuticle and the whole endocuticle contain ACC exclusively. It is therefore speculated that the most likely function of calcite in the exoskeleton of the American lobster is related to impact‐ and wear‐resistance.
Control of the SRM operating as a motor/generator (2009)

This paper deals with switched reluctance machine used as a motor/generator drive. The motoring operation is achieved with a half-bridge converter. A strategic modification in the electronic converter topology is required to allow the generator operation mode. It is achieved automatically as well as the phase switching angles control is simultaneously provided. Three different techniques to control the voltage delivered to the load when the machine is operating as a generator are evaluated. All of them exert control on the machine magnetization level. Simulated results are included to show the feasibility of the proposed techniques and to confirm the applicability of the switched reluctance machine as a motor/generator device.
Effect of selected oat sterols on the deterioration of heated soybean oil (1986)

Abstract Two sterol fractions of different purity, each containing both Δ 5 ‐avenasterol and β‐sitosterol, were separated from oat oil, and their antioxidant effects studied in soybean oil at 180 C. Oil samples with added pure β‐sitosterol and control samples (no added sterol) also were studied. Fatty acid changes, conjugated diene formation and polymerization were monitored in all samples. All heated oils with added oat‐sterol fractions containing Δ 5 ‐avenasterol deteriorated more slowly than did the controls. Oil with added pure β‐sitosterol was altered at a rate similar to that of the controls.
Use of 2,5-dichlorothiophene in the synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted thiophenes (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of 2,5-dichlorothiophene in the synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted thiophenesDenis W. H. MacDowell, Timothy B. Patrick, Brenda K. Frame, and David L. EllisonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 4, 1226–1229Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01279a086https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01279a086research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views258Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improvement of photovoltages in organic dye-sensitized solar cells by Li intercalation in particulate TiO2 electrodes (2007)

Photovoltages of nanoporous TiO2 solar cells sensitized by organic dyes are found to be improved by up to 200mV with a negligible decrease in photocurrent by treating TiO2 electrodes with intercalation of Li. The enhancement in photovoltage is explained in terms of the formation of a dipole layer due to adsorption of Li ions on the TiO2 surface generated by the reaction of intercalated Li atoms with moisture in air.
One-Pot Synthesis of Sustainable High-Performance Thermoset by Exploiting Eugenol Functionalized 1,3-Dioxolan-4-one (2018)

1,3-Dioxolan-4-one (DOX) chemistry was explored for production of “one-pot” biobased polyester thermosets. DOX monomer was first functionalized by naturally occurring eugenol to introduce a structural element, which could induce cross-linking reaction through cationic polymerization of the double bond. The feasibility of polymerizing DOX monomers bearing bulky side groups was proven by model phenol-substituted DOX monomer (PhDOX). Once the reaction was shown to be effective, the same protocol was applied to eugenol-substituted monomer (EuDOX). A brief screening of the optimal catalyst concentration was performed, to obtain a highly cross-linked product. The synthesized thermoset showed good thermal resistance and high mechanical strength probably due to the rich aromatic content. The obtained thermoset was further subjected to microwave-assisted hydrothermal degradation test, which demonstrated complete recyclability to water or methanol soluble products. NMR and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectroscopy analyses of the obtained degradation products unveiled the structure of the thermoset, strongly indicating that the polymerization of eugenol-functionalized DOX monomer resulted in polylactide-like chains connected with aromatic–aliphatic segments resulting from the reaction of the eugenol double bonds. The presence of free hydroxyl and carboxyl groups sheds light on the mechanism behind the observed shape-memory and self-healing properties.
Trends in dividend payout ratio of selected companies listed at bse India (2012)

The investor community always looks for higher return either in terms of capital gain or higher and regular dividend. The dividend policy varies from companies to companies and it also differs for different industry groups. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the trends in the dividend payout ratio of selected companies listed at BSE India. This paper takes the sample companies from BSE listed companies and analyze their dividend policy by analyzing the past trends in dividend payout ratio. The samples are drawn from BSE 500 keeping in mind the representation of different industries to draw meaningful conclusion. The time frame for financial data is March 2002 to March 2010. This paper helps the investors for the purpose of their investment and also helps the companies to focus more on the interest of the investors.
Identification of Genes and Pathways Involved in Retinal Neovascularization by Microarray Analysis of Two Animal Models of Retinal Angiogenesis (2010)

Genes and pathways known to be involved in angiogenesis, as well as other biologically plausible genes and pathways, were identified. This work serves as a comprehensive resource for the study of retinal neovascularization and identification of potential rational targets for antiangiogenic therapy.
Los supuestos de la responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado en el funcionamiento de la administración de justicia reconocidos como derechos humanos en el ámbito internacional (2013)

En México no se encuentra regulada la Responsabilidad Patrimonial del Estado en el funcionamiento de la Administración de Justicia y los medios de control previstos en la legislación para obtener una indemnización como consecuencia de la actividad de administrar justicia nos obligan a accionar en contra de los servidores públicos, ahora con la reforma ocurrida en materia de Derechos Humanos surge la oportunidad de hacer valer esta figura como un Derecho Humano.Es por ello que se desea destacar un tema que produce serias consecuencias, concretamente en los particulares que a diario se ven afectados ante innumerables errores y deficiencias producidos por los órganos encargados de Administrar Justicia, pues aunque dice la sabiduría ancestral “errar es de humanos” la pregunta que se hace en este momento es ¿hasta qué punto estamos obligados a soportar esas fallas?
Preparation of<i>N,N</i>'-bis-<i>tert</i>-Butoxycarbonylthiourea (1993)

Abstract The preparation of N,N'-bis-tert-butoxycarbonylthiourea from thiourea and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in tetrahydrofuran is described.
Robust video fingerprinting based on visual attention regions (2009)

This paper presents a robust video fingerprinting based on visual attention regions. Video fingerprints, which are a set of short feature vectors, are unique to video clips and used for video identification. The performance of video fingerprinting is usually measured in terms of robustness and accuracy of identification. In our proposed approach, we extract video fingerprints using visual attention regions which remain the same for the perceptually same scenes with different types of distortions and different for different scenes. The experimental results show that the proposed video fingerprinting is effective for constructing video fingerprints that are robust against various content-preserving distortions and accurate in identifying different video clips.
Genetic Diversity of Boeseman's Rainbowfish (<i>Melanotaenia Boesemani</i>) Reared in Indonesian Farms Compared to Endangered Natural Populations (2015)

Endemic to two lakes (Ayamaru and Uter) of West Papua (Indonesia), the Boeseman's Rainbowfish Melanotaenia boesemani Allen & Cross, 1980 is a very popular ornamental freshwater fish. As a result, this rainbowfish species faces great threats and is on the red list of endangered species. Therefore, rearing of this species in aquaculture systems appears to be a promising solution to limit capture of wild specimens and prevent its extinction. Although its reproduction cycle has been controlled for more than 30 years, very few farms still raise M. boesmani, probably due to the problems reported by the farmers, such as decline of production, higher proportion of females per spawning, loss of coloration, lower growth rate and fecundity. Using 12 microsatellites previously developed for this species, comparison of genotypes within six farms around Jakarta indicated that all reared strains originated from Ayamaru Lake. No deficit in heterozygotes was evidenced, suggesting that there was no major inbreeding in these reared populations. Genotype analysis also suggested that M. boesemani species is a metapopulation composed of genetically differentiated populations. Altogether, these results indicate that the problems experienced by the farmers are due not to inbreeding depression but to other factors such as inadequate management and/or poor water quality. Yet, increasing aquaculture production is probably the most effective way to alleviate the pressure that M. boesemani faces in its natural environment.
영업손실 보상범위의 문제점과 개선방안 (2009)

Usually, the rightful persons of business compensations have to transfer their business offices. However they are consistently complaining about the difficulties of selecting alternative offices and lack of compensation, etc. Those complaints bring about the delay of public works. Thus, rational and realistic system is urgently needed to avoid the delay of public works. The purpose of this study is to find out the problems on coverage of business loss compensation. Largely the coverage is divided into the compensation items and period of compensation. Literature reviews, interviews and survey are used for the research. In the compensation items, the special articles of compensation are confusing and the goodwill is not included on the business compensation. The compensation for temporary offices is insufficient. The periods for the closure compensation are fixed and the periods for closed compensation are unreasonable. Improvements are as follows : First, in the compensation items, the special articles of compensation should be unified. The administration goodwill should be included in the business compensation. The compensation for temporary offices should be sufficient. Next, the period of closure compensation should be applied flexibly and the period of closed compensation should be expanded.
Consequent-pole permanent-magnet machine with extended field-weakening capability (2003)

In this paper a description and operating principles of a consequent-pole permanent-magnet machine are presented. In addition, a sizing analysis, finite-element analysis, and experimental results for a prototype machine are addressed. Due to its particular configuration, this machine allows for a wide range of control of the air-gap flux with minimum field ampere-turn requirements and without brushes or slip rings. Two components of the field flux are produced. One, which is almost constant, is produced by the permanent magnet located on the rotor surface. The other, which is variable, is produced by a field winding positioned circumferentially in the center of the stator. These two flux components converge in the air gap. The excitation level of the machine is manipulated by controlling the DC field current. Three-dimensional finite-element analysis and experimental results demonstrate that it is possible to vary the flux over a wide range to keep the terminal voltage constant as the speed increases. A 3 kW 1000-3000 r/min eight-pole and 32 VAC generator using this configuration is tested to verify the flux control capability of this structure.
Properties of some novel materials from first principles (2009)

We have studied the physical and chemical properties of some novel materials from first principles.A variety of materials with different dimensions(from solid,surface,and nanotube to molecule) are studied.
Use of Coreceptors Other Than CCR5 by Non-Syncytium-Inducing Adult and Pediatric Isolates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Is Rare In Vitro (1998)

We have tested a panel of pediatric and adult human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primary isolates for the ability to employ the following proteins as coreceptors during viral entry: CCR1, CCR2b, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR8, CXCR4, Bonzo, BOB, GPR1, V28, US28, and APJ. Most non-syncytium-inducing isolates could utilize only CCR5. All syncytium-inducing viruses used CXCR4, some also employed V28, and one (DH123) used CCR8 and APJ as well. A longitudinal series of HIV-1 subtype B isolates from an infected infant and its mother utilized Bonzo efficiently, as well as CCR5. The maternal isolates, which were syncytium inducing, also used CXCR4, CCR8, V28, and APJ.
The Vaginal Microenvironment: The Physiologic Role of Lactobacilli (2018)

In addition to being a passage for sperm, menstruum, and the baby, the human vagina and its microbiota can influence conception, pregnancy, the mode and timing of delivery, and the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections. The physiological status of the vaginal milieu is important for the wellbeing of the host as well as for successful reproduction. High estrogen states, as seen during puberty and pregnancy, promote the preservation of a homeostatic (eubiotic) vaginal microenvironment by stimulating the maturation and proliferation of vaginal epithelial cells and the accumulation of glycogen. A glycogen-rich vaginal milieu is a haven for the proliferation of <i>Lactobacilli</i> facilitated by the production of lactic acid and decreased pH. <i>Lactobacilli</i> and their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory products along with components of the epithelial mucosal barrier provide an effective first line defense against invading pathogens including bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis-associated bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. An optimal host-microbial interaction is required for the maintenance of eubiosis and vaginal health. This review explores the composition, function and adaptive mechanisms of the vaginal microbiome in health and those disease states in which there is a breach in the host-microbial relationship. The potential impact of vaginal dysbiosis on reproduction is also outlined.
Aerodynamic and structural studies of joined-wing aircraft (1991)

A method for rapidly evaluating the structural and aerodynamic characteristics of joined-wing aircraft was developed and used to study the fundamental advantages attributed to this concept. The technique involves a rapid turnaround aerodynamic analysis method for computing minimum trimmed drag combined with a simple structural optimization. A variety of joined-wing designs are compared on the basis of trimmed drag, structural weight, and, finally, trimmed drag with fixed structural weight. The range of joined-wing design parameters resulting in best cruise performance is identified. Structural weight savings and net drag reductions are predicted for certain joined-wing configurations compared with conventional cantilever-wing configurations.
Inducible nuclear expression of NF-kappa B in primary B cells stimulated through the surface Ig receptor (1991)

Constitutive expression of NF-kappa B has been associated with developmental maturity in B cells on the basis of studies using continuously growing cell lines and plasmacytomas; however, little is known about the behavior of NF-kappa B in primary, mature B cells. In the present work, the regulation of NF-kappa B expression was studied by analyzing subcellular fractions of adult murine splenic B cells with the electrophoretic mobility shift assay using a kappa B-containing oligonucleotide. Although nuclear extracts from resting B cells contained kappa B-binding activity, additional kappa B-binding activity was present in cytosolic fractions in a form that became apparent after treatment with detergent. Competition analysis indicated that the DNA binding activity detected by electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay was specific for the kappa B motif, and UV photo-cross-linking showed the molecular size of kappa B-binding protein to be similar to that of the DNA binding subunit of NF-kappa B. Nuclear expression of kappa B-binding activity was markedly induced by treatment of B cells with phorbol ester or with LPS. Most notably, kappa B-binding activity was induced after surface IgR cross-linking, and the mechanism of this induction involved PKC. Further, anti-Ig-induced activity was superinduced in the presence of cycloheximide. These results indicate that nuclear NF-kappa B is rapidly induced as a result of B cell stimulation, and further suggest that NF-kappa B may play a specific role in mature B cells after ligand binding to surface Ig distinct from its postulated developmental role as a stage-specific factor involved in kappa-enhancer function.
A joint adaptive interferometric phase unwrapping and filtering algorithm (1998)

SAR interferometry has come to the fore with the realization of the applicability and the general availability of interferometric data. With the widespread use of interferometry come problems concerning analysis and interpretation. Two aspects of these problems are phase unwrapping and speckle filtering. The authors present a joint phase unwrapping and filtering algorithm that optimally extracts the absolute phase from the relative phase via an adaptive weighted least-square method. SIR-C/X-SAR interferometric images of Mt. Etna, Italy are used to illustrate the method.
Synthesis and Properties of Trigeminal Tricationic Ionic Liquids (2007)

Novel trigeminal tricationic ionic liquids (TTILs) have been successfully synthesized in high yields by means of Menschutkin quaternization via an S(N)1 mechanism. This reaction presents a new convenient method for transforming glycerol into multifunctional compounds. The physical properties of a series of TTILs were characterized by using a variety of techniques. The prepared salts were tested for antimicrobial activity. Electrochemical characterization of TTILs was also performed, which allowed the estimation of the conductivity of these new compounds, to establish their electrochemical stability window and capacitance properties over a wide range of temperatures. A good correlation of the physical properties of TTILs with capacitance values was observed.