gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of cyclic amp in differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells in culture (1975)

The inhibitors of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (papaverine and 4-(-3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone), serum-free medium, and x irradiation caused cell death and neurite formation in human neuroblastoma cells in culture (IMR-32), whereas theophylline was ineffective. Prostaglandin (PG) E1, N6O'2-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP) induced neurites without causing cell lethality. Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase and PGE1 increased the intracellular level of cAMP by about 2- and 4-fold respectively, whereas serum-free medium and x irradiation did not. The combination of PGE1 and phosphodiesterase inhibitor was more effective in causing morphological differentiation and in increasing the cAMP level than the individual agent. Sodium butyrate induced cell death and neurites, probably in part by increasing the cAMP level. cAMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, and adenosine had no detectable effect on the growth or morphology of neuroblastoma cells in culture. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate produced cell death without causing neurite formation. DbcAMP, and to a much lesser degree, sodium butyrate increased the tyrosine hydroxylase activity.
A Dynamically Regenerated Electrostatic Memory System (1950)

In an electrostatic memory system, the words are stored as charge patterns on the screen of a cathode-ray tube. Memory is extended by a systematic regeneration process. All experiments were performed on a standard cathode-ray tube. This paper discusses the fundamental theory behind electrostatic storage. The principal problem was that of finding a method for storing the charges such that two easily and reliably distinguishable states could be established at various points on the face of the tube. After experimenting with various patterns, a dot-circle combination was chosen as superior to all those tested. The dot, representing binary one, is generated by sharply focusing the beam on a spot. The circle is generated by imposing high-frequency sinusoidal electromotive forces, 90° apart, on the vertical and horizontal deflection plates. The paper then offers a comparison of the dot-circle pattern with the several other systems of electrostatic storage now under test. The details of numerous experiments are given, together with a description of the apparatus used for test. The effects of phospbor type, gun structure, tube diameter, accelerating voltage, leakage, transients, and other factors affecting memory are discussed. The concluding section of the paper describes the various types of large capacity high-speed memory designs which could be constructed from a reliable electrostatic memory tube.
<i>Yersinia</i>-induced Apoptosis In Vivo Aids in the Establishment of a Systemic Infection of Mice (1998)

Pathogenic Yersinia cause a systemic infection in mice that is dependent on the presence of a large plasmid encoding a number of secreted virulence proteins called Yops. We previously demonstrated that a plasmid-encoded Yop, YopJ, was essential for inducing apoptosis in cultured macrophages. Here we report that YopJ is a virulence factor in mice and is important for the establishment of a systemic infection. The oral LD50 for a yopJ mutant Yersinia pseudotuberculosis increases 64-fold compared with wild-type. Although the yopJ mutant strain is able to reach the spleen of infected mice, the mutant strain seldom reaches the same high bacterial load that is seen with wild-type Yersinia strain and begins to be cleared from infected spleens on day 4 after infection. Furthermore, when in competition with wild-type Yersinia in a mixed infection, the yopJ mutant strain is deficient for spread from the Peyer's patches to other lymphoid tissue. We also show that wild-type Yersinia induces apoptosis in vivo of Mac-1(+) cells from infected mesenteric lymph nodes or spleens, as measured by quantitative flow cytometry of TUNEL (Tdt-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling)-positive cells. The levels of Mac-1(+), TUNEL+ cells from tissue infected with the yopJ mutant strain were equivalent to the levels detected in cells from uninfected tissue. YopJ is necessary for the suppression of TNF-alpha production seen in macrophages infected with wild-type Yersinia, based on previous in vitro studies (Palmer, L.E., S. Hobbie, J.E. Galan, and J.B. Bliska. 1998. Mol. Microbiol. 27:953-965). We conclude here that YopJ plays a role in the establishment of a systemic infection by inducing apoptosis and that this is consistent with the ability to suppress the production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha.
Application of Dynamic Computer Graphics Simulation to Advanced Manufacturing Systems (1985)

The concept and development of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) is described. The importance of FMS to industrial producers is explained. A method for simulating robot motion using computer graphics is presented. The application and significance of such simulation techniques to advanced manufacturing systems is discussed.
<i>N</i>-Linked Glycosylation of Antibody Fragments in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2011)

Glycosylation is the predominant protein modification to diversify the functionality of proteins. In particular, N-linked protein glycosylation can increase the biophysical and pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic proteins. However, the major challenges in studying the consequences of protein glycosylation on a molecular level are caused by glycan heterogeneities of currently used eukaryotic expression systems, but the discovery of the N-linked protein glycosylation system in the ε-proteobacterium Campylobacter jejuni and its functional transfer to Escherichia coli opened up the possibility to produce glycoproteins in bacteria. Toward this goal, we elucidated whether antibody fragments, a potential class of therapeutic proteins, are amenable to bacterial N-linked glycosylation, thereby improving their biophysical properties. We describe a new strategy for glycoengineering and production of quantitative amounts of glycosylated scFv 3D5 at high purity. The analysis revealed the presence of a homogeneous N-glycan that significantly increased the stability and the solubility of the 3D5 antibody fragment. The process of bacterial N-linked glycosylation offers the possibility to specifically address and alter the biophysical properties of proteins.
Changes in phosphorylation of histone H2A.X and p53 in response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to gamma irradiation. (2008)

The main aim of this study was to compare the reaction of quiescent and proliferating, i.e. phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to gamma-radiation, and analyse changes of proteins related to repair of DNA damage and apoptosis, such as gammaH2A.X, p53, p53 phosphorylation at serines-15 and -392, and p21 and their dose dependence. Freshly isolated PBMCs in peripheral blood are predominantly quiescent, in G(0) phase, and with very low amounts of proteins p53 and p21. Using confocal microscopy we detected dose dependent (0.5-5 Gy) induction of foci containing gammaH2A.X (1 h after gamma-ray exposure), which are formed around radiation-induced double strand breaks of DNA. Apoptosis was detected from 24 h after irradiation by the dose of 4 Gy onwards by Annexin V binding and lamin B cleavage. Seventy two hours after irradiation 70% of CD3(+) lymphocytes were A(+). Neither increase in p53 nor its phosphorylation on serine-392 after irradiation was detected in these cells. However, massive increase in p21 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A) was detected after irradiation, which can be responsible for late occurrence of apoptosis in these quiescent cells. PHA-stimulation itself (72 h) caused an increase in early apoptosis (A(+)PI(-)) in comparison to non-stimulated PBMCs (38% A(+) resp. 13.4%). After PHA-stimulation also the amount of gammaH2A.X, p53, and p21 increased, but no phosphorylation of p53 on serine-392 or -15 was detected. Reaction to gamma-radiation was different in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes: the p53 pathway was activated and p53 was phosphorylated on serines-15 and -392 4 h after irradiation by the dose of 4 Gy. Phosphorylation of p53 at serine-15 increased in a dose-dependent manner in the studied dose range 0.2-7.5 Gy. Also the amount of p21 increased after irradiation. Seventy two hours after irradiation of PHA-stimulated CD3(+) T lymphocytes by the dose of 4 Gy 65% of cells were A(+).
High Photovoltaic Performance of Inkjet Printed Polymer:Fullerene Blends (2007)

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are compatible with printing processes. We show that inkjet printing technology can be used for the fabrication of high- efficiency OPVs. The appropriate selection of organic solvent mixture creates an ultrasmooth inkjet printed active layer with intimate morphology and interfaces for efficient performance (see figure). We report 3% power- conversion-efficiency organic solar cells with inkjet printed polymer: fullerene blend photoactive layer.
Dynamic Forcing, a Method for Evaluating Activity and Selectivity Profiles of RGD (Arg‐Gly‐Asp) Peptides (1992)

The easy interconversion between two conformations , which is deduced from molecular dynamics simulations, explains why the cyclopeptide 1 is equally well bound to two receptors whereas the very similar cyclopeptide 2 shows a selectivity towards these receptors of ca. 30:1. The method of “dynamic forcing” showed that 1 can very easily be transformed from its most stable conformation into a conformation which corresponds to that of 2 . Thus, for the first time a connection between the biological activity of a compound and its conformational freedom has been established. equation image
Secure Erase of Disk Drive Data (2002)

Consequently, user data often remains stored on disk drives when they are discarded, transferred to another user, or returned off lease. Even if users delete their files, they can be recovered from “recycling” folders or by special programs such as Norton Unerase. Other special programs are available to more definitely erase user data, such as Norton WipeInfo, which offers a “Government Wipe.” Because these are special programs, they are not widely known or used. Additionally, some user data can be unreachable by erasure programs, such as drive data blocks removed from use due to excessive errors. (These blocks are reassigned to other disk locations, and the defective record area is marked unusable in the drive’s “g-list”but the original data can remain in g-list sectors.) Norton WipeInfo only runs on older Windows OS, and wipes an individual folder.
Lifestyle Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Z-Score in US Adolescents (2020)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of abnormalities including abdominal obesity that increases risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. MetS affects ∼10% of US adolescents, but more may be at risk. The MetS severity z-score (MetS-z) is a continuous measure that may be useful for indicating MetS risk. Preventing at-risk adolescents from developing MetS may be achievable through changes in lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship of lifestyle-related factors with MetS-z in adolescents. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of adolescents (12 to 19 y) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2016. MetS-z was calculated from sex- and race-specific equations developed for adolescents. Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD, representing abdominal visceral fat) was obtained using NHANES standard procedures. Dietary intake was estimated via two 24-hour diet recall interviews and used to calculate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 total (range 0–100) and component scores (range 0–10) indicating diet quality. Physical activity (PA, minutes/week of voluntary moderate or vigorous exercise) was reported by participants to trained interviewers and used to determine adherence to national PA guidelines of at least 60 min/day. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship of HEI scores, SAD and physical activity with MetS-z. Sample size was 1291 (49% female, 50% white) adolescents. Means (SEM) were: Age, 15.4 y (0.09); BMI z-score, 0.63 (0.04); MetS-z, −0.08 (0.03); SAD, 18.3 cm (0.14); and HEI score, 47.4 (0.46). Median min/week of PA was 178.5, with 30.4% of adolescents meeting PA guidelines. The final model (R2 = 0.53) included age, SAD (β = 0.17, P < 0.0001), HEI score (β = −0.003, P = 0.09), and physical activity (β = −0.005, P = 0.69). US adolescents consume a poor-quality diet and less than half meet physical activity guidelines, yet as a group they have a MetS z-score <0, indicating low overall risk. SAD had a significant, positive association with MetS-z. While physical activity and diet were not significant in the model, results suggest the need for improvement of overall diet quality to potentially reduce risk of MetS and related chronic diseases in youth. None.
Real-time expert systems for diagnostics and closed-loop control (2002)

The architecturally relevant issues which arise in the development of both plant transgression-based and plant parameter-based fault-diagnostic and reconfigurable closed-loop control systems are discussed. Moreover, the technical issues of acquiring such process knowledge and using it effectively are addressed. A direct comparison is drawn between the performance of fault-detection and closed-loop reconfigurable control systems while detecting the same fault on an industrial hydraulic drive system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparative study of the perovskite phase microstructure evolution and electrical properties of lead zirconate titanate thin-film capacitors annealed in oxygen and nitrogen ambients (1991)

Lead zirconate titanate [PZT, Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3, x=0.65, 400 nm] thin-film capacitors with very low leakage current and large stored charge densities (Q′c=Pmax–Pr) for ultralarge scale integration dynamic random access memory (ULSI DRAM) memory applications have been fabricated by reactive dc magnetron sputtering followed by an annealing step. In this letter, we present a comparative study of the significant influence of the use of an oxidizing (O2) as against a nonoxidizing annealing ambient (N2) on the evolution of the perovskite phase microstructure and the electrical properties of PZT capacitors. The phase transformation kinetics are faster in a N2 annealing ambient at low temperatures, yielding capacitors with a large Q′c at low annealing thermal budgets. However, N2 annealed films exhibit a lower breakdown field and time to breakdown which is in agreement with a degradation model based on the field-induced concentration polarization of oxygen vacancies.
IgG subclass distribution of antibodies against S. aureus teichoic acid and alpha-toxin in normal and immunodeficient donors. (1984)

IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE class and IgG and IgA subclass levels were determined in 18 IgG2 deficient and six IgG3 deficient donors. IgG2 deficiency was associated with concomitant IgG4, IgA (in particular IgA2) and IgE deficiency. This pattern is compatible with a regulation defect of the downstream switch in the heavy chain locus on chromosome 14. IgG3 subclass deficiency was not associated with further deficiencies. Specific anti-teichoic acid antibodies were lacking in most IgG2 deficient donors supporting the notion that anti-teichoic acid antibodies are normally of this subclass. This was also confirmed in a subclass-specific ELISA using sera from normal donors although substantial amounts of specific IgG1 antibodies were also noted. Two IgG2 deficient donors had normal IgG titres (IgG1 in the subclass specific ELISA) and the lack of IgG1 anti-teichoic acid antibodies in most IgG2 deficient donors may suggest a lack of maturation of the appropriate idiotype. IgG antibodies to alpha-toxin, a pure protein, were within the lower normal range in a large proportion of IgG2 deficient donors but largely normal in the IgG3 deficient donors.
An Analysis of the Added Water Effect on NO Formation in D.I. Diesel Engines (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The effect of water in the suction air and in the emulsified fuel on NO formation was analyzed experimentally and theoretically from the point of view of changes in specific heat and the entrained air rate of the burned gas in the combustion chamber. The specific heat was calculated accurately through the chemical equilibrium composition analysis considering the absolute humidity of the suction air, the amount of water added in the emulsified fuel as well as the residual gas fraction. In order to estimate the NO formation rate, the burned gas temperature which is dominated by the excess air ratio and the specific heat of the burned gas was calculated by using the two-zone combustion model.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The effect of absolute humidity of the suction air on NO formation is so large that a change in absolute humidity of 0.01 kg/kg results in about 20% reduction of NOx. This large reduction is based on only about 1% change in specific heat of the burned zone gas. With respect to the mechanism of a large NOx reduction due to the water emulsified fuel, it is found by the two-zone model analysis that the entrained air rate of the burned gas is hardly changed by the added amount of water, therefore, the increases in both specific heat and the gas weight due to the added amount of water in the burned zone result in a decrease in the burned gas temperature which reduces NOx largely. On the other hand, an increase of ignition delay due to the added water results in a small negative effect for the NOx reduction although it shows a positive effect for smoke reduction. Furthermore, it is shown that the NOx reduction due to the added water amount of 20% in the emulsified fuel is almost equal to the one due to an increase of 0.01 kg/kg in the absolute humidity of the suction air.</div>
The Reading Conference: Questions, Information, Activities and Feedback (1986)

Just as a lesson can fail because of poor planning, so can a conference. To avoid this, the teacher must make some preliminary decisions. The teacher must first decide the purpose of the conference. According to Hunter (1976), there are three types of conferences and each type serves a different purpose. These types include giving information, receiving information and problem solving. We are now ready to enter the first phase of the conference.
The performance of two-phase commit protocols in the presence of site failures (2002)

Much of the existing literature on the two phase commit protocol is restricted to discussing and analyzing the protocol (and its variants) in the absence of failure. Very little, especially in quantitative terms, has been written about its performance in the presence of site failures. We use a simulation test bed of a distributed database system to quantify the differences in the performances of four 2PC protocols (the generic 2PC, presumed commit, presumed abort, and early prepare). Our study covers both the no-failure case and the case of site failures. We present a number of interesting experimental results. One is that the performance of these protocols is highly dependent on the message-processing latency at the transaction coordinator site. Another is that the presumed abort protocol does not necessarily yield better performance in the presence of site failures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An overview of GSM data services (1995)

One key objective for the design of GSM was to provide a system which would provide consistently reliable mobile communications, suitable for both speech and data. The author describes the technical functionality required in GSM to support data services. In particular this is: rate adaptation; radio link protocol; forward error correction; and layer 2 relay. Some examples are included of how Cellnet is presenting the technical capabilities to the market within packaged data products.
Growth and clinical course of children with Crohn's disease. (1993)

Growth impairment is a common complication of childhood Crohn's disease, but longitudinal data and follow up studies into adulthood are sparse. This study reviewed the records of 100 Tanner stages 1 and 2 children (66 males, 34 females) consecutively diagnosed with Crohn's disease at this hospital between January 1980 and June 1988. The influence of sex, anatomical location of disease, severity of symptoms, corticosteroids, and surgical intervention on growth were analysed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. At diagnosis mean standard deviation score (SDS) for height was -1.11 (1.28) (males -1.14 (1.26), females -1.05 (1.33)). Twenty one children were below the third centile for height. During years one and two height velocity (cm/y) was 4.4 (2.3) and 5.1 (2.7), but 40% of children in year one and 33% of children in year two grew less than expected (< 4 cm). Forty nine children grew < 4 cm/y during two or more of the 4.9 (1.8) years of follow up. Severity of gastrointestinal symptoms was the major factor influencing linear growth velocity (p < 0.01 for years one and two). Despite the high prevalence of growth impairment, the subset of children who had reached maturity by the time of the study (n = 67) nevertheless maintained their height centile. The SDS for height at ultimate follow up was -0.82 (1.1). Compared with diagnosis, change in SDS was +0.35 (1.08). Growth increments were comparable for surgically treated patients v patients only treated medically and among patients stratified by location of disease. Females (n = 25) achieved greater catch up growth than males (n = 42). Ultimate SDS for height for females was -0.48 (0.91) v -1.02 (1.19) for males. Change in SDS for height was +0.66 (1.27) for females v +0.16 (0.90) for males (p=0.02). These data confirm the frequency of growth impairment in childhood Crohn's disease. After diagnosis, however, the prognosis for ultimate linear growth is good.
Calculating a next-hop metric in multiradio networks (2008)

With the proliferation of multiple radio devices, simply choosing to send all traffic over the one next-hop radio link with the lowest metric is foolish. Unfortunately, this behavior is what exists today. In this paper, we describe how to combine multiple radio links¿ metrics to a particular next-hop device. The combined next-hop metric allows a multiple radio device to choose the best next-hop device for traffic considering all the radio opportunities available. By considering all radio opportunities, performance may be improved significantly.
Molecular cloning of the cDNA for the large subunit of the high-calcium-requiring form of human calcium-activated neutral protease (1988)

A nearly full-length cDNA clone for the large subunit of high-Ca2+-requiring Ca2+-activated neutral protease (mCANP) from human tissues has been isolated. The deduced protein, determined for the first time as an mCANP, has essentially the same structural features as those revealed previously for the large subunits of the low-Ca2+-requiring form (muCANP) [Aoki, K., Imajoh, S., Ohno, S., Emori, Y., Koike, M., Kosaki, G., & Suzuki, K. (1986) FEBS Lett. 205, 313-317] and chicken CANP [Ohno, S., Emori, Y., Imajoh, S., Kawasaki, H., Kisaragi, M., & Suzuki, K. (1984) Nature (London) 312, 566-570]. Namely, the protein, comprising 700 amino acid residues, is characterized by four domains, containing a cysteine protease like domain and a Ca2+-binding domain. The overall amino acid sequence similarities of the mCANP large subunit with those of human muCANP and chicken CANP are 62% and 66%, respectively. These values are slightly lower than that observed between muCANP and chicken CANP (70%). Local sequence similarities vary with the domain, 73-78% in the cysteine protease like domain and 48-65% in the Ca2+-binding domain. These results suggest that CANPs with different Ca2+ sensitivities share a common evolutionary origin and that their regulatory mechanisms are similar except for the Ca2+ concentrations required for activation.