gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Chain Polyphosphate Causes Cell Lysis and Inhibits <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Septum Formation, Which Is Dependent on Divalent Cations (1999)

We investigated the cellular mechanisms that led to growth inhibition, morphological changes, and lysis of Bacillus cereus WSBC 10030 when it was challenged with a long-chain polyphosphate (polyP). At a concentration of 0.1% or higher, polyP had a bacteriocidal effect on log-phase cells, in which it induced rapid lysis and reductions in viable cell counts of up to 3 log units. The cellular debris consisted of empty cell wall cylinders and polar caps, suggesting that polyP-induced lysis was spatially specific. This activity was strictly dependent on active growth and cell division, since polyP failed to induce lysis in cells treated with chloramphenicol and in stationary-phase cells, which were, however, bacteriostatically inhibited by polyP. Similar observations were made with B. cereus spores; 0.1% polyP inhibited spore germination and outgrowth, and a higher concentration (1.0%) was even sporocidal. Supplemental divalent metal ions (Mg(2+) and Ca(2+)) could almost completely block and reverse the antimicrobial activity of polyP; i. e., they could immediately stop lysis and reinitiate rapid cell division and multiplication. Interestingly, a sublethal polyP concentration (0.05%) led to the formation of elongated cells (average length, 70 microm) after 4 h of incubation. While DNA replication and chromosome segregation were undisturbed, electron microscopy revealed a complete lack of septum formation within the filaments. Exposure to divalent cations resulted in instantaneous formation and growth of ring-shaped edges of invaginating septal walls. After approximately 30 min, septation was complete, and cell division resumed. We frequently observed a minicell-like phenotype and other septation defects, which were probably due to hyperdivision activity after cation supplementation. We propose that polyP may have an effect on the ubiquitous bacterial cell division protein FtsZ, whose GTPase activity is known to be strictly dependent on divalent metal ions. It is tempting to speculate that polyP, because of its metal ion-chelating nature, indirectly blocks the dynamic formation (polymerization) of the Z ring, which would explain the aseptate phenotype.
Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit: A New Terminology to Embrace the Evolving Concepts of Sarcopenia and Age-Related Muscle Dysfunction (2014)

Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit is proposed as a new terminology to embrace the evolving conceptualization of sarcopenia and other age-related muscle dysfunctions. It comprises a variety of contributory etiologies and has the potential to provide a framework for developing diagnostic categories that are useful for both clinical practice and research.
Communities of Endophytic Fungi in Leaves of a Tropical Timber Tree (Guarea guidonia: Meliaceae)<sup>1</sup> (2001)

ABSTRACT Endophytes are microorganisms that live inside plant tissues without causing symptoms of disease. They are a largely unexplored component of biodiversity, especially in the tropics. In this study, leaves from two populations of Guarea guidonia trees (Meliaceae) in the Luquillo region, Puerto Rico, were screened for diversity and composition of en‐dophytic fungal communities. A total of 268 leaf fragments from 14 trees were surveyed. Thirty‐eight morphospecies of endophytes were found. Phomopsis, Colletotrichum, Xylaria, and Rhizoctonia‐iike fungi were the most abundant taxa. Over 95 percent of the leaf pieces had endophytes. Communities had a few abundant species and many species with few individuals. The fungal community from the Guarea population in a forest preserve was more diverse than that from a disturbed area. Fungal communities were stratified according to height within a tree, but no differences were found between blade, petiolule, and rachis. The data suggest that the smaller and the more scattered the plant fragments sampled, the higher the probability of approaching real diversity values of endophytic fungal communities. RESUMES Los endófitos son microorganismos que viven dentro de las tejidos vegetales sin manifestarse patológicamente. Ellos constituyen un componente poco explorado de la biodiversidad, especialmente en las zonas tropicales. En este trabajo se estudió la diversidad y composición de las comunidades de hongos endófitos en hojas de dos poblaciones del árbol Guarea guidonia (Meliaceae), en la región de Luquillo, Puerto Rico. Un total de 268 fragmentos provenientes de 14 árboles fueron muestreados, encontrándose 38 morfoespecies de hongos endófitos. Los taxones más abundantes fueron Phomopsis, Colletotrichum, Xylaria, y Rhizoctonia. Más del 95 por ciento de los fragmentos presentó endófitos; las comunidades tenían pocas especies abundantes y muchas especies raras. De las dos poblaciones de G. guidonia estudiadas, la situada en una zona más conservada fue más diversa en cuanto a su comunidad de endófitos. Se observó estratificación de acuerdo con la altura del árbol, pero no se observaron diferencias entre la lámina, el peció1ulo, y el raquis de las hojas. Los datos sugieren que entre más pequeños y esparcidos scan los fragmentos muestreados, mayor será la probabilidad de aproximarse a los valores reales de diversidad de las comunidades de hongos endófitos.
Real-time parallel optical logic in photorefractive bismuth silicon oxide (1988)

Fast parallel analog and digital optical computing operations are demonstrated by using an interferometric arrangement with photorefractive bismuth silicon oxide. Image subtraction, coherent weighted-image addition, exclusive OR/NOT, and OR optical gates are achieved by controlling the relative phase shifts of two phase-conjugate waves generated by degenerate four-wave mixing.
Partial purification and characterization of a new intracellular β-glucosidase of <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> (1980)

A new intracellular beta-glucosidase was isolated from Trichoderma reesei. It was sequentially purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and chromatography and rechromatography on Sephadex G-150. The enzyme has a mol.wt. of 98 000, optimal activity at pH 6.5, pI 4.4 and Km values of 6.7 mM and 3.3 mM for sophorose and cellobiose respectively. Possible functions of the enzyme may be regulation of cellulase induction and/or to serve as a proenzyme.
Mitogen-induced recruitment of ERK and MSK to SRE promoter complexes by ternary complex factor Elk-1 (2008)

Many eukaryotic genes are acutely regulated by extra-cellular signals. The c-fos serum response element (SRE) mediates transcriptional activation in response to mitogens through serum response factor (SRF)-dependent recruitment of Elk-1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-responsive transcription factor. How subsequent events at SRE promoters stimulate initiation of transcription has yet to be fully resolved. Here we show that extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and mitogen and stress-activated kinase (MSK) are recruited to SRE promoter complexes in vitro and in vivo. Their recruitment in vitro correlates with Elk-1 binding and for ERK the D domain/KIM of Elk-1 is specifically involved. In vivo, recruitment of ERK and MSK is stimulated by mitogens, correlates with histone H3 phosphorylation and is impaired by Elk-1 knockdown. Immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy reveal that ERK appears to associate to some extent with initiating rather than elongating RNA polymerase II. Taken together, our data add to the body of evidence implying that ERK and related MAPKs may fulfil a generic role at the promoters of acutely regulated genes.
Evaluation of a UAV-Assisted Autonomous Water Sampling (2018)

Water quality assessment programs for the management of water resources require the collection of water samples for physical, chemical, and biological analyses. Lack of personnel, accessibility of water bodies, and time constraints, especially after natural disasters and emergencies, are some of the challenges of water sampling. To overcome these challenges, a custom-made thief-style water sampling mechanism was developed and mounted on a multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for autonomous water sampling. The payload capacity and endurance of the UAV were determined using an indoor test station. The UAV was equipped with floatation, and electronic components were coated to prevent water damage in the event of a forced landing or for sample collection. Water samples from a 1.1 ha pond were collected with the developed UAV-assisted water sampling system and traditional manual methods. Dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, temperature and chloride measurements were made on samples collected with both UAV-assisted and manual methods and compared. Percent differences between the two sampling methods for DO, EC, pH, and temperature were minimal except for chloride level. Percent differences between the two sampling methods for DO, EC, pH, and temperature measurements were 3.6%, 2.3%, 0.76%, and 0.03%, respectively. Measured chloride levels for the manual and UAV-assisted sampling methods were 3.97 and 5.46 mg/L. UAV-assisted water sampling may prove faster and safer than manual water sampling from large surface waters and from difficult to access water bodies.
Experiences with compiler-directed storage reclamation (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Experiences with compiler-directed storage reclamation Author: James Hicks View Profile Authors Info & Claims FPCA '93: Proceedings of the conference on Functional programming languages and computer architectureJuly 1993 Pages 95–105https://doi.org/10.1145/165180.165194Published:01 July 1993Publication History 13citation149DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations13Total Downloads149Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Parametric soliton laser (1989)

The parametric soliton laser is described. It operates through parametric four-photon mixing in a synchronously pumped ring cavity. A dispersion-shifted single-mode fiber at 1.525 microm is used, and the pump wavelength is set at the wavelength of zero chromatic dispersion. Clear evidence of a threshold was found, and a pulse width of 210 fsec was obtained. An intensity-dependent carrier frequency was observed and is explained by phase matching through the nonlinear index.
Evidence for a role of oxygen derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of caerulein induced acute pancreatitis in rats. (1988)

The effects of a polyethylene glycol linked oxygen free radical scavenger enzyme, superoxide dismutase (PEG:SOD) on caerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in rats were examined. Pancreas weights and serum amylase concentrations in rats given a three hour continuous intravenous infusion of caerulein (7.5 micrograms/kg/h, n = 18) for induction of AP followed by a three hour infusion of normal saline were significantly raised by approximately 25% (p less than 0.005) and 750% (p less than 0.001), respectively, compared with values obtained in control rats (n = 7) infused for six hours with normal saline alone. A single intraperitoneal injection of either 1 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 6), 2 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 5), or 4 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 5) of PEG:SOD immediately before caerulein infusion did not significantly alter pancreas weights, serum amylase content, or pancreatic histopathology compared with rats given caerulein alone. By contrast, a single intravenous bolus injection of 4 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 9) of PEG:SOD before caerulein treatment significantly reduced serum amylase content by approximately 25% (p less than 0.05) and a continuous six hour intravenous infusion of 4 X 10(4) U/kg/h of PEG:SOD (n = 5) produced significant reductions of approximately 25% (p less than 0.001), 35% (p less than 0.05), and 50% (p less than 0.01) in pancreas weights, serum amylase concentrations, and acinar cell vacuolisation (p less than 0.01), respectively, compared with values in rats given caerulein alone. In studies using bovine serum albumin linked to polyethylene glycol and infused for six hours at protein concentrations identical to high dose PEG:SOD (n = 6), no beneficial effects against caerulein induced AP were observed. These data suggest that (a) oxygen derived free radicals are involved in the early pathogenesis of caerulein induced AP in rats, and (b) the greatly extended circulating half life of polyethylene PEG:SOD ( > 35 hours in rats compared with less than six minutes for native superoxide dismutase) may make this compound more suitable than native superoxide dismutase as a potential therapeutic agent in AP.
Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Covert Communication With Transmission Probability Optimization (2021)

This letter investigates covert communication in an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted system. We propose a novel algorithm that jointly optimizes the transmission probability, transmit power at a transmitter, and the reflection matrix of an IRS with the goal of maximizing the achievable rate at a receiver while ensuring the covertness of the transmission. We first analyze the expected detection error probability at a warden, and then develop a technique for covert rate maximization using only one-dimensional search methods. The proposed strategy achieves near-optimal performance and its performance is superior to that of the conventional scheme with a fixed transmission probability.
A large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition system for Hindi (2004)

In this paper we present two new techniques that have been used to build a large-vocabulary continuous Hindi speech recognition system. We present a technique for fast bootstrapping of initial phon...
Complete noise analysis for CMOS switching mixers via stochastic differential equations (2002)

A complete analysis of noise in CMOS switching mixers using stochastic differential equations (SDE) is presented. The noise figure is calculated using this analysis which takes both cyclostationary noise sources and capacitive high frequency effects into account. The analysis leads to important design implications for mixer design and shows that some commonly-used approximations for mixer noise calculations can be misleading in certain cases even at low frequencies. It is demonstrated that there is an optimum value for the load capacitor leading to minimum noise figure and maximum conversion gain for the mixer.
Current Therapeutic Approaches to Viral Hepatitis (1995)

Journal Article Current Therapeutic Approaches to Viral Hepatitis Get access Shalom Z. Hirschman Shalom Z. Hirschman From the Division of Infectious Diseases, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Shalom Z. Hirschman, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 20, Issue 4, April 1995, Pages 741–746, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/20.4.741 Published: 01 April 1995 Article history Received: 31 August 1994 Revision received: 21 November 1994 Published: 01 April 1995
The Use of Asymptotic Models in Multiple Hormone Assays (1974)

SUMMARY Hormone assay data are generally analysed by fitting a linear model to a transformation of the variables. An alternative approach which has proved to be very successful for a variety of assays is proposed, and involves the use of a fairly general empirical model. An outline is given of the fitting procedure and two examples presented. The reliability of the standard errors of concentration estimates obtained from the fitted model are checked by means of Monte Carlo methods.
Event Extraction via Dynamic Multi-Pooling Convolutional Neural Networks (2015)

Yubo Chen, Liheng Xu, Kang Liu, Daojian Zeng, Jun Zhao. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2015.
Toward a uniform model for the sorption of inorganic ions on hydrous oxides (1986)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1986.
Face to Face: Global Understanding Through Personal and Virtual Contact (2013)

Based on travel-study experiences in Ghana, Peru, South Africa and other sites, Cohen discusses the positive effects of short-term travel study immersion for students and faculty. Citing research studies that explore global attitudes of participants after such travel, Cohen makes a strong case for including travel-based courses in the college curriculum. She covers programs of Sister Cities and Sister Schools that connect younger students and teachers to age-mates in other countries through electronic means. She argues that personal connections offer powerful ways to raise the consciousness of American students and teachers about global poverty and women’s issues. The benefits of such contacts can lead to improved conditions in developing countries. However, decreasing the isolation of Americans is the primary goal of these contacts.
Wear of Small Orifices by Streaming Current Driven Corrosion (1970)

Wear on the upstream side of small metal orifices subject to large pressure drops (3000 psi) in phosphate ester base hydraulic fluids has been found to be the result of an electrochemical corrosion driven by a streaming current. A calculation for the current produced by the flowing fluid is described. Results of the calculation and of experimental work are given as evidence in support of the proposed wear mechanism. A large variation of wall shear stress along the metal surface is found to be necessary for the wear.
Ultrastructural Characterization of a New Human B Lymphotropic DNA Virus (Human Herpesvirus 6) Isolated From Patients With Lymphoproliferative Disease (1987)

A new DNA virus, designated "human B lymphotropic virus" or "human herpesvirus 6" (HBLV), has been isolated from the peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with various lymphoproliferative disorders, in some instances also associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. HBLV, propagated in vitro in human cord blood lymphocytes, was found to be ultrastructurally similar to members of the herpesvirus family. It is an enveloped virus with an icosahedral nucleocapsid made up of 162 capsomeres. Unenveloped nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm wee always coated with a tegument, a feature also described for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). However, the nucleoprotein core of HBLV does not have the beaded appearance as that of HCMV, nor do HBLV-infected cells contain the skein-like structure. Immune electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of specific antibodies to viral envelope and internal antigens in sera of infected patients, indicating that this virus is a possible human pathogen. These and previously reported characteristics are consistent with the HBLV being a new and unique DNA virus morphologically belonging to the herpesvirus family.
Matt’s story: learning from heartbreak (2018)

The victims of medical error reach far beyond the patient. The aftermath forever changes the lives of the patient's family and physician alike. We explore the life and death of nineteen-year-old Matt, a stellar athlete and better son, and the cognitive bias that led to an unfortunate and consequential medical misdiagnosis. This story is one of family heartbreak, the harsh reality of second victim phenomenon, and ultimately lessons learned in compassion, vigilance, and candidness for the health care industry. We share this tragedy with the medical community in hopes that we improve the use of post-mortems, transparency and disclosure to heal the wounds of our patients' families.
Novel Recombinant Parapoxvirus Vectors Induce Protective Humoral and Cellular Immunity against Lethal Herpesvirus Challenge Infection in Mice (2003)

Orf virus (ORFV; Parapoxvirus ovis) was used to develop a novel vector system for the generation of effective and safe live vaccines. Based on the attenuated ORFV strain D1701-V, recombinants were produced that express the glycoproteins gC (D1701-VrVgC) or gD (D1701-VrVgD) of the alphaherpesvirus of swine, pseudorabies virus (PRV). Expression of gC and gD was also demonstrated on the surface of recombinant virus-infected murine cells that do not produce infectious ORFV. Single or combined immunization with the ORFV recombinants protected different mouse strains of a host species nonpermissive for ORFV against a fulminant, lethal PRV challenge infection equal to immunization with PRV live vaccine. Most notably, even a single immunization with D1701-VrVgC was protective, whereas two applications of D1701-VrVgD were required for immune protection. The higher protective capacity of D1701-VrVgC correlated with the induction of a strong specific humoral immune response. This suggestion was supported by transfer experiments using sera from recombinant-immunized mice, which resulted in partial gC but not gD antibody-mediated protection of the naïve recipients. Remarkably, immunization of different immune-deficient mice demonstrated that the application of the PRV gC-expressing recombinant controlled the challenge infection in the absence of either CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells, B cells, or an intact perforin pathway. In contrast, D1701-VrVgD-immunized mice lacking CD4(+) T cells exhibited reduced protection, whereas animals lacking CD8(+) T cells, B cells, or perforin resisted the challenge infection. The present study demonstrates the potential of these new vector vaccines to efficiently prime both protective humoral and cell-mediated immune mechanisms in a host species nonpermissive for the vector virus.
Blood-digestion kinetics of four<i>Anopheles</i>species from Trinidad, West Indies (1995)

The blood-digestion kinetics of Anopheles albitarsis, An. aquasalis, An. bellator and An. homunculus were determined in the laboratory using females collected from two field sites in Trinidad. Anopheles aquasalis displayed the highest rate of haemolysis (giving an absorbance of 0.36 at 410 nm), followed by An. albitarsis (0.16), An. bellator (0.07) and An. homunculus (0.05). Trypsin activity peaked 12-24 h after blood feeding and then declined to zero at 60 h in all four species. Anopheles albitarsis had significantly higher maximum trypsin activity (0.69 units) than An. aquasalis (0.28), An. bellator (0.18) or An. homunculus (0.12) (P < 0.01). Aminopeptidase activity patterns were similar for An. aquasalis, An. bellator and An. homunculus, with peak activity at 18 h. Among the An. albitarsis mosquitoes, peak aminopeptidase activity occurred at 24 h. The peritrophic membrane developed 18, 30, 30 and 36 h post-feeding in An. aquasalis, An. albitarsis, An. bellator and An. homunculus, respectively. Stage V ovarian follicles began to mature 36 h after An. albitarsis and An. bellator fed to repletion and after 48 h in An. aquasalis and An. homunculus. Ovarian development in the four species was not affected by patterns of erythrocyte haemolysis, proteolytic enzyme activity or peritrophic-membrane development. The inter- and intra-specific variations observed in the blood-processing physiology of the four species of Anopheles are briefly discussed in terms of phylogeny.