gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
No Correlation Exists between the Conjugative Transfer of the Autotrophic Character and That of Plasmids in Nocardia opaca Strains (1986)

A new isolate of Nocardia opaca was obtained by enrichment culture for aerobic lithoautotrophic growth on CO2 and H2. This strain, MR22, is very similar to N. opaca MR11 (formerly 1b) in functioning as a donor for genetic information determining the ability to grow lithoautotrophically (Aut character) in matings with Aut- strains of N. opaca or closely related heterotrophic species. The strain contains a plasmid, pHG33 of about 110 kb. A mutant was isolated from strain MR22 which was plasmid-free, and had lost the Aut character, resistance to 50 microM-thallium salt and susceptibility to the nocardia-specific bacteriophage phi B1. As a recipient of the Aut character, this plasmid-free mutant was as well suited as plasmid-bearing Aut- strains of N. opaca. In matings with the mutant as recipient the frequency of Aut+ transconjugants per donor was 3 X 10(-4) with N. opaca MR11 (pHG31-a, Aut+, Tlr, Strs, phi B1s) and 2 X 10(-3) with N. opaca MR22 (pHG33, Aut+, Tlr, Strs, phi B1r) as donor. Phenotypic characterization of the transconjugants, which had been selected for the Aut marker, revealed that in many cases the Aut marker had been transferred without plasmid transfer. Furthermore, plasmid-free, Aut+ transconjugants functioned as donors for the Aut marker. Both plasmid-free and plasmid-bearing transconjugants transferred the Aut marker to the Aut- strains of N. opaca with a frequency which was one or two orders of magnitude higher than that of the wild-type strains. The plasmids pHG31-a and pHG33 code for thallium resistance (50 microM-thallium acetate). The frequency of thallium-resistant transconjugants was 10(-1) to 10(-2) per donor; all thallium-resistant transconjugants contained the donor plasmid. We conclude that the plasmids pHG31-a of strain MR11 and pHG33 of strain MR22 of N. opaca carry the genetic information for thallium resistance but not the Aut character. As plasmid-free Aut+ strains can function as donors the Aut character is assumed to reside on the chromosome and to function as an independent self-transmissible genetic element.
Scanning electrochemical and tunneling ultramicroelectrode microscope for high-resolution examination of electrode surfaces in solution (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScanning electrochemical and tunneling ultramicroelectrode microscope for high-resolution examination of electrode surfaces in solutionHsue Yang. Liu, Fu Ren F. Fan, Charles W. Lin, and Allen J. BardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 13, 3838–3839Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00273a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00273a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views945Altmetric-Citations196LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vaccinology in the era of high-throughput biology (2015)

Vaccination has been tremendously successful saving lives and preventing infections. However, the development of vaccines against global pandemics such as HIV, malaria and tuberculosis has been obstructed by several challenges. A major challenge is the lack of knowledge about the correlates and mechanisms of protective immunity. Recent advances in the application of systems biological approaches to analyse immune responses to vaccination in humans are beginning to yield new insights about mechanisms of vaccine immunity, and to define molecular signatures, induced rapidly after vaccination, that correlate with and predict vaccine induced immunity. Here, we review these advances and discuss the potential of this systems vaccinology approach in defining novel correlates of protection in clinical trials, and in infection-induced 'experimental challenge models' in humans.
Colour segmentation for lesion classification (2002)

The incidence of skin cancer is increasing globally. Prognosis falls quickly as malignant skin cancers develop and so early detection is paramount in the fight against this disease. Colour is an important feature in the differential diagnosis of skin cancers in particular malignant melanoma. This paper describes a region based approach to segmentation of lesion images into areas of differing colour. The process initially divides the image into rectangular regions small enough to be considered as having only a single colour. This is then followed by conservative merging, where adjacent regions whose colours are very similar are coalesced. The segmentation is then completed by an iterative optimal merging process, the two most similar regions being merged at each step until the stopping condition is reached. Results show that the method produces a robust segmentation of regions of high colour contrast.
Analytics for the Internet of Things: A Survey (2018)

The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions a world-wide, interconnected network of smart physical entities. These physical entities generate a large amount of data in operation and as the IoT gains momentum in terms of deployment, the combined scale of those data seems destined to continue to grow. Increasingly, applications for the IoT involve analytics. Data analytics is the process of deriving knowledge from data, generating value like actionable insights from them. This article reviews work in the IoT and big data analytics from the perspective of their utility in creating efficient, effective and innovative applications and services for a wide spectrum of domains. We review the broad vision for the IoT as it is shaped in various communities, examine the application of data analytics across IoT domains, provide a categorisation of analytic approaches and propose a layered taxonomy from IoT data to analytics. This taxonomy provides us with insights on the appropriateness of analytical techniques, which in turn shapes a survey of enabling technology and infrastructure for IoT analytics. Finally, we look at some tradeoffs for analytics in the IoT that can shape future research.
Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio and geological conditions: The case of Garner Valley Downhole Array in southern California (1996)

Abstract The aim of the present article is to further check the use of the horizontal-to-vertical (h/v) spectral ratio, which has been recently suggested as an indicator of site effects. The data set consists of 110, three-component, high sensitivity accelerograms, recorded at five different depths by the Garner Valley Downhole Array (GVDA), in southern California, with peak ground accelerations 0.0002 g ≦ ag ≦ 0.04 g, magnitudes 3.0 ≦ ML ≦ 4.6, and hypocentral distances 16 km ≦ R ≦ 107 km. First, the stability of the (h/v) spectral ratio is investigated by computing the mean for the whole data set in different depths. The (h/v) spectral ratio on the surface is compared with the surface-to-depth standard spectral ratio, with theoretical S-wave transfer functions derived from the vertical geotechnical profile, as well as with the (h/v) spectral ratio of synthetic accelerograms generated by the discrete wavenumber method. Both theoretical and experimental data show a good stability of the (h/v) spectral ratio shape, which is in good agreement with the local geological structure and is insensitive to the source location and mechanism. However, the absolute level of the (h/v) spectral ratio depends on the wave field and is different from the surface-to-depth spectral ratio. Consequently the (h/v) spectral ratio technique provides only partially the information that can be obtained from a downhole array. But surface-to-depth ratios may also be misleading because they combine effects at surface and at depth.
Synthesis of model compounds for coal liquefaction research (1991)

Coal liquefaction investigations required the availability of model compounds for mechanistic investigations. Towards this end, IITRI was funded to develop an approach for the synthesis of one of the target compound. This study was carried out in several phases as outlined here. Initial synthetic investigations on obtaining 2-tetrolol was carried out using high pressure and temperature reduction with Raney nickel catalyst. The next step consisted in incorporation of a hydroxymethyelene group at the C-3 position. This was successfully carried out utilizing 2-tetrolol, formaldehyde, and calcium oxide. An alternate improved method was developed using 3-carboxyl-2-naphthol. This required less time, gave a cheer product in higher yield. Efforts at the introduction of a chloromethylene group only yielded polymeric material or starting material in spite of protection the phenolic group by various groups. They synthesis of 3, 5-dimethyl-6- bromobenzyl chloride was successfully carried out by performing the Blank reaction of 2, 4-dimethyl bromobenzene. The product was characterized by GC/MS. Purification was not possible, as it was a complex mixture. Efforts at converting it to the acetate followed by separation to was not feasible. Unlike in the case of 2- hydroxyteralol, hydroxymetylation by established procedure yielded only the starting materials. Commercially available 4-methoxy-1- maphthaldehyde was protected as the ethylene acetal. The Wittig reagent 3-chlorobenzyl phosphonium bromide was prepared and condensed with 4-methoxy-1-napthaldehyde successfully and proved that the overall synthetic approach was proceeding in the desired direction. All the necessary intermediates have been synthesized,and we have demonstrated using model compounds, that the synthetic objective can be attained.
Improving Formation-Strength Tests and Their Interpretation (2008)

Summary Verifying pressure integrity of a casing string and the adjacent formation is an important requirement during drilling of a well. Crucial decisions on mud weight, kick tolerance, and the setting depth of the next casing string are based on the outcome of formation-strength tests (FSTs) such as leakoff tests (LOTs) or formation-integrity tests (FITs). Moreover, government regulations usually require that a minimum integrity is guaranteed before a well may be deepened. Yet the majority of FSTs and their interpretations currently carried out in the field can only be characterized as inadequate. Commonly, FSTs lack quality and accuracy because of insensitivity in the hydraulic system to subtle pressure effects in the wellbore, use of highly compressible synthetic or oil muds, nonlinear thermal profiles, poorly understood formation-stress and -strength behavior, or simply because of poor data capturing (e.g., by using hand-generated plots). This may have a significant negative impact on the drilling operation. For instance, when mud-weight windows are assessed incorrectly after testing, lost circulation or well-control problems may ensue on wells with tight drilling margins. Here, we highlight several of the problems underlying current FSTs and their interpretations, illustrating them with actual field examples [such as the discrepancy often observed between surface readings and downhole pressure-while-drilling (PWD) readings obtained while testing], and show how test artifacts can be either avoided or accounted for. A case is made for the use of downhole recorded pressure data to determine casing-shoe strength correctly.
Role of the tumor microenvironment in PD-L1/PD-1-mediated tumor immune escape (2019)

Tumor immune escape is an important strategy of tumor survival. There are many mechanisms of tumor immune escape, including immunosuppression, which has become a research hotspot in recent years. The programmed death ligand-1/programmed death-1 (PD-L1/PD-1) signaling pathway is an important component of tumor immunosuppression, which can inhibit the activation of T lymphocytes and enhance the immune tolerance of tumor cells, thereby achieving tumor immune escape. Therefore, targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway is an attractive strategy for cancer treatment; however, the therapeutic effectiveness of PD-L1/PD-1 remains poor. This situation requires gaining a deeper understanding of the complex and varied molecular mechanisms and factors driving the expression and activation of the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize the regulation mechanisms of the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathway in the tumor microenvironment and their roles in mediating tumor escape. Overall, the evidence accumulated to date suggests that induction of PD-L1 by inflammatory factors in the tumor microenvironment may be one of the most important factors affecting the therapeutic efficiency of PD-L1/PD-1 blocking.
Chemistry of thienopyridines. XXV. Comparative mass spectra of some amino and acylamino derivatives (1977)

Abstract Electron‐impact mass spectral fragmentation patterns are reported for various aminothieno‐pyridines (TPNH 2 ) and aeylaminothtenopyridines. The molecular ion TPNH 2 + shows loss of atomic hydrogen, hydrogen cyanide and both thioformyl radical and cation. TPNH 2 + is the most abundant ion in the spectrum of each acylamino compound investigated. A semiquanti‐tative mass spectrum of the amine TPNH 2 can be obtained by deletion of selected peaks (for the acetylium and molecular ions) from the observed mass spectrum of the A‐acetyl derivative.
The 121 amino acid isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor is more strongly tumorigenic than other splice variants in vivo (2000)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to occur as at least six differentially spliced variants, giving rise to mature isoforms containing 121, 145, 165, 183, 189 and 206 amino acids. However, little is yet known concerning the in vivo activities of this differential splicing. Stably transfected MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells were constructed that secreted comparable amounts of the 121, 165 or 189 isoforms. Rabbit corneal angiogenesis assays showed the VEGF121 transfectant to have much greater angiogenic activity than the 165 or 189 expressing MCF-7 cells. While the VEGF121-expressing MCF-7 cells were reproducibly more tumorigenic than the control transfectants, this was not the case with the VEGF165- or VEGF189-expressing cells. More surprising was the observation that VEGF189 located to the nucleus, consistent with the presence of a highly conserved nuclear localization sequence in exon 6a that is expressed in VEGF189 but not 121 or 165. It was concluded that the VEGF121 isoform is both more angiogenic and tumorigenic than are the 165 and 189 isoforms. This is probably due to the ability of the 121 isoform, unlike the 165 and 189 isoforms, to freely diffuse from the cells producing it.
Frontolimbic Response to Negative Feedback in Clinical Depression. (2003)

Functional neuroimaging suggests that limbic regions of the medial frontal cortex may be abnormally active in individuals with depression. These regions, including the anterior cingulate cortex, are engaged in both action regulation, such as monitoring errors and conflict, and affect regulation, such as responding to pain. The authors examined whether clinically depressed subjects would show abnormal sensitivity of frontolimbic networks as they evaluated negative feedback. Depressed subjects and matched control subjects performed a video game in the laboratory as a 256-channel EEG was recorded. Speed of performance on each trial was graded with a feedback signal of A, C, or F. By 350 ms after the feedback signal, depressed subjects showed a larger medial frontal negativity for all feedback compared with control subjects with a particularly striking response to the F grade. This response was strongest for moderately depressed subjects and was attenuated for subjects who were more severely depressed. Localization analyses suggested that negative feedback engaged sources in the anterior cingulate and insular cortices. These results suggest that moderate depression may sensitize limbic networks to respond strongly to aversive events.
Suppression of near-surface scattered body to surface waves: Steerable and non-linear filtering approach (2014)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014Suppression of near-surface scattered body to surface waves: Steerable and non-linear filtering approachAuthors: Abdulaziz M. Almuhaidib*M. Nafi ToksözAbdulaziz M. Almuhaidib*MIT and M. Nafi ToksözMIThttps://doi.org/10.1190/segam2014-0397.1 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract We present an approach based on local-slope estimation for the separation of scattered surface waves. The near-surface scattered body-to-surface waves, which have comparable amplitudes to reflections, can mask the seismic reflections. These difficulties, added to large amplitude direct and back-scattered surface (Rayleigh) waves, create a major reduction in signal-to-noise ratio and degrade the final subsurface image quality. Removal of these waves can be difficult using conventional filtering methods, such as an f – k filter, without distorting the reflected signal. The filtering algorithm we present is based on predicting the spatially varying slope of the noise, using steerable filters, and separating the signal and noise components by applying a directional non-linear filter oriented toward the noise direction. The slope estimation step using steerable filters is very efficient. It requires only a linear combination of a set of basis filters at fixed orientation to synthesize an image filtered at an arbitrary orientation. We apply our filtering approach to simulated seismic data and demonstrate its superiority over conventional f – k techniques in signal preservation and noise suppression. Keywords: elastic, near surface, noise, separation, signal processingPermalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2014-0397.1FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byNear-surface scattered waves enhancement with source-receiver interferometryJixiang Xu, Shitai Dong, Huajuan Cui, Yan Zhang, Ying Hu, and Xiping Sun23 October 2018 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 83, No. 6 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2014 Pages: 5183 publication data© 2014 Published in electronic format with permission by the Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 05 Aug 2014 CITATION INFORMATION Abdulaziz M. Almuhaidib* and M. Nafi Toksöz, (2014), "Suppression of near-surface scattered body to surface waves: Steerable and non-linear filtering approach," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 4268-4273. https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2014-0397.1 Plain-Language Summary Keywordselasticnear surfacenoiseseparationsignal processingPDF DownloadLoading ...
Phosphorus in Runoff Assessed by Anion Exchange Resin Extraction and an Algal Assay (2003)

Eutrophication of surface waters can be accelerated by agricultural inputs of phosphorus (P), provided that P is in a form that can be utilized by aquatic algae. We studied anion exchange resin (AER) extraction and a dual culture algal assay (DCAA) for the determination of potentially algal-available P in water samples without sediment preconcentration. Our material consisted of agricultural and forest runoff and wastewaters. The results obtained by the two methods were essentially equal when the samples contained only small amounts of particulate phosphorus (PP) in relation to dissolved molybdate-reactive phosphorus (DRP). However, in turbid agricultural runoff, P extracted with AER averaged 72% (n = 17) of the P yield of the 3-wk DCAA (R2 = 0.94). When the runoff samples were diluted for the AER extraction in the same manner as for the DCAA, the AER-P yield increased to 85% (n = 5) of DCAA-P. The minimum detectable value was greater for the AER test (41 microg L(-1) AER-extractable P) than for the DCAA (7 microg L(-1) DCAA-P). At concentrations greater than about 50 microg L(-1) AER-P or DCAA-P, the accuracy of the methods was satisfactory, with the coefficient of variation in replicated analyses being less than 10% for the AER test and less than 20% for the DCAA. Other anions competing for the exchange sites of the AER decreased P recovery by 15 to 20% when their equivalent concentration exceeded about 4 mmol, L(-1), and this effect was relatively constant over a large concentration range. We consider that AER extraction is a suitable low-cost method to estimate the algal availability of P in runoff samples.
Radiofrequency Cartilage Reshaping (2003)

Radiofrequency heating has been shown to effectively reshape cartilage while maintaining cellular viability, illustrating a novel application for a widely used technology.
FLUOROUS SILYL PROTECTING GROUP FOR 5'-HYDROXYL PROTECTION OF OLIGONUCLEOSIDES (2005)

(2005). FLUOROUS SILYL PROTECTING GROUP FOR 5'-HYDROXYL PROTECTION OF OLIGONUCLEOSIDES. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 257-263.
Effectiveness of Eye Drops Protective against Ultraviolet Radiation (1998)

The transmission spectrum of the eye drops under realistic conditions does not show a protective effect against solar UV radiation. However, there exists reduction of UVC radiation in the spectral range typical of artificial UV sources such as arc-welding. We cannot recommend the application of these eye drops as an UV-protective aid against eye damage by solar UV radiation.
1-Sila-3-azacyclobutanes: the insertion of isocyanides into silaaziridines (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1-Sila-3-azacyclobutanes: the insertion of isocyanides into silaaziridinesA. G. Brook, A. K. Saxena, and J. F. SawyerCite this: Organometallics 1989, 8, 3, 850–852Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/om00105a049RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (346 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Demonstration and Field Trial of a Scalable Resilient Hybrid ngPON (2011)

The built multi-layer SARDANA prototype proves the feasibility of extended hybrid DWDM/TDM-XGPON FTTH networks with resilient optically-integrated ring-trees architecture, supporting broadband multimedia services.