gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whole-Genome Pyrosequencing of an Epidemic Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Strain Belonging to the European Clone II Group (2008)

The whole-genome sequence of an epidemic, multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain (strain ACICU) belonging to the European clone II group and carrying the plasmid-mediated bla(OXA)(-)(58) carbapenem resistance gene was determined. The A. baumannii ACICU genome was compared with the genomes of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 and Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1, with the aim of identifying novel genes related to virulence and drug resistance. A. baumannii ACICU has a single chromosome of 3,904,116 bp (which is predicted to contain 3,758 genes) and two plasmids, pACICU1 and pACICU2, of 28,279 and 64,366 bp, respectively. Genome comparison showed 86.4% synteny with A. baumannii ATCC 17978 and 14.8% synteny with A. baylyi ADP1. A conspicuous number of transporters belonging to different superfamilies was predicted for A. baumannii ACICU. The relative number of transporters was much higher in ACICU than in ATCC 17978 and ADP1 (76.2, 57.2, and 62.5 transporters per Mb of genome, respectively). An antibiotic resistance island, AbaR2, was identified in ACICU and had plausibly evolved by reductive evolution from the AbaR1 island previously described in multiresistant strain A. baumannii AYE. Moreover, 36 putative alien islands (pAs) were detected in the ACICU genome; 24 of these had previously been described in the ATCC 17978 genome, 4 are proposed here for the first time and are present in both ATCC 17978 and ACICU, and 8 are unique to the ACICU genome. Fifteen of the pAs in the ACICU genome encode genes related to drug resistance, including membrane transporters and ex novo acquired resistance genes. These findings provide novel insight into the genetic basis of A. baumannii resistance.
Role of Intracellular pH in Mammalian Cell Proliferation (1992)

Cytoplasmic pH of mammalian cells is regulated by Na+/H+ exchange and HCO-3 transport. In most proliferating cells, these systems collaborate to maintain pH in within a window of values that are permissive for growth. The enzyme systems whose ionization states and activities are affected by pH in this range are not known, but can include glycolysis, protein synthesis and degradation, and the DNA synthetic machinery. Thus, proper regulation of pH is a necessary, but not sufficient, criterion for proliferative control. On the other hand, there is mounting evidence that pH (and/or ΔΨ) ‘crises’ might be important to carcinogenesis. At least two different stages of in vitro carcinogenesis appear to have distinct (e.g. one acidic, one alkaline) pH optima. Once these stages have been passed, and the new phenotype is expressed, cells exhibit a decreased sensitivity to pH changes. The stage with the alkaline pH optimum can be induced by transfection with a H+-ATPase. This results in cells with homogeneous secondary phenotypic characteristics, such as: increased glycolysis, pH, Ca2+, constitutive fos expression and PDGF-independent growth. Furthermore, expression of H+-ATPases on the cell surface is observed in a subset of naturally occurring tumor cells.
O caso Ellen West de Binswanger: fenomenologia clínica de uma existência inautêntica (2005)

"Este artigo tem como objetivo a discussão de um caso clínico clássico da Fenomenologia - o de Ellen West - aqui descrito e analisado segundo os pressupostos básicos da teoria de Ludwig Binswanger aplicada à psicopatologia. Analisam-se os conceitos de Umwelt, Mitwelt e Eigenwelt, bem como de corporeidade e temporalidade enquanto constitutivos de uma existência inautêntica. Finalmente, busca-se compreender tais conceitos no contexto do estudo de caso de Ellen West."
Spray Cooling Using Multiple Nozzles: Visualization and Wall Heat Transfer Measurements (2004)

Time- and space-resolved heat transfer data on a nominally isothermal surface, cooled by two spray nozzles, were obtained using an array of individually controlled microheaters. Visualization and measurements of the liquid-solid contact area and three-phase contact line length were made using a total internal reflectance technique. The spacing between the nozzles and the heated surface was varied between 7 and 17 mm. Little interaction between the two sprays was observed for the tested conditions, with the heat flux due to a single nozzle remaining comparable to that due to two nozzles, provided the areas considered were limited to the regions impacted by the sprays. Variations in the heat transfer across the surface, however, increased significantly with decreasing nozzle-to-heater spacing. The phase change heat transfer was strongly correlated with the length of the three-phase contact line and was not correlated with the wetted area.
Robust Logistic Regression and Classification (2014)

We consider logistic regression with arbitrary outliers in the covariate matrix. We propose a new robust logistic regression algorithm, called RoLR, that estimates the parameter through a simple linear programming procedure. We prove that RoLR is robust to a constant fraction of adversarial outliers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first result on estimating logistic regression model when the covariate matrix is corrupted with any performance guarantees. Besides regression, we apply RoLR to solving binary classification problems where a fraction of training samples are corrupted.
Convenient Methods for the Synthesis of β-C-Glycosyl Aldehydes (1994)

Two methods for the stereoselective ß-formylation at the anomeric carbon of three saccharides are described. In Method A the formyl group is introduced on the starting lactone by a dithiane ring which, after stereospecific reductive dehydroxylation, is hydrolysed to generate the ß-glycosyl aldehyde. In Method B the aldehyde is prepared by introduction of phenylacetylene followed by stereospecific reductive dehydroxylation, partial hydrogenation and subsequent ozonolysis.
On the Reaction of Acyl Chlorides and Carboxylic Anhydrides with Phosphazenes (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTOn the Reaction of Acyl Chlorides and Carboxylic Anhydrides with PhosphazenesImma Bosch, Angel González, Fèlix Urpí, and Jaume VilarrasaView Author Information Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 16, 5638–5643Publication Date (Web):August 9, 1996Publication History Received2 November 1995Published online9 August 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo951951bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo951951bbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1031Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Anions,Chemical reactions,pH,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
A New type of body-powered prosthesis: Using wrist flexion instead of shoulder movement (2010)

Body powered prostheses have many advantages: They are reliable, lightweight and relatively cheap. The disadvantage is the need of a shoulder harness, which causes discomfort, pain and trouble donning and doffing the prosthesis. The goal of this thesis is to develop a body-powered prosthesis without the need for a shoulder harness. This is realized by making a design that uses passive wrist flexion of the prosthesis itself to operate the grasping mechanism. The force and displacement are converted to a grasping motion by using a hydraulic system. The grasping force is enhanced by a pressure intensifier and holding an object is achieved by including an automatic lock.
A granule cell neuron-associated JC virus variant has a unique deletion in the VP1 gene (2006)

The human polyomavirus JC (JCV) typically infects glial cells and is the aetiological agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which occurs in immunosuppressed individuals. The full-length sequence of a granule cell neuron-tropic JCV variant, JCV(GCN1), associated with lytic infection of granule cell neurons and cerebellar atrophy in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient with PML was determined and compared with the sequence of the JCV isolate from the classic PML lesions present in the hemispheric white matter of the same individual (JCV(HWM)). A unique deletion was found in the C terminus of the VP1 gene of JCV(GCN1), which encodes the major capsid protein, resulting in a frame shift and a total change of the C-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein. This deletion was not present in JCV(HWM), suggesting that this mutation may be instrumental in facilitating entry or replication of JCV into granule cell neurons.
A New Force-Feedback Arm Exoskeleton for Haptic Interaction in Virtual Environments (2005)

The paper presents the mechanical design of the L-EXOS, a new exoskeleton for the human arm. The exoskeleton is a tendon driven wearable haptic interface with 5 dof 4 actuated ones, and is characterized by a workspace very close to the one of the human arm. The design has been optimized to obtain a solution with reduced mass and high stiffness, by employing special mechanical components and carbon fiber structural parts. The devised exoskeleton is very effective for simulating the touch by hand of large objects or the manipulation within the whole workspace of the arm. The main features of the first prototype that has been developed at PERCRO are presented, together with an indication of the achieved and tested performance.
Ice Flow Direction Change in Interior West Antarctica (2004)

Upstream of Byrd Station (West Antarctica), ice-penetrating radar data reveal a distinctive fold structure within the ice, in which isochronous layers are unusually deep. The fold has an axis more than 50 kilometers long, which is aligned up to 45 degrees to the ice flow direction. Although explanations for the fold's formation under the present flow are problematic, it can be explained if flow was parallel to the fold axis approximately 1500 years ago. This flow change may be associated with ice stream alterations nearer the margin. If this is true, central West Antarctica may respond to future alterations more than previously thought.
5-Substituted-2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]pyrimidinesAcyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate Analogues with Antiviral Activity (2003)

2,4-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidines substituted in position 5 by an allyl, benzyl, cyanomethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, phenyl, cyclopropyl, or methyl group were prepared either by C5-alkylation or by formation of the pyrimidine ring by cyclization. Their alkylation with 2-[(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)methoxy]ethyl tosylate afforded N1- and O6-regioisomers that were separated and converted to the free phosphonic acids by treatment with bromotrimethylsilane followed by hydrolysis. Reaction of 2,4-diamino-6-[[(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)methoxy]ethoxy]pyrimidine with elemental bromine, N-chloro-, or N-iodosuccinimide gave the corresponding phosphorus-protected 5-bromo-, 5-chloro-, and 5-iodo derivatives, respectively. Their deprotection afforded 2,4-diamino-5-bromo- and -5-chloro-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]pyrimidines. 2,4-Diamino-5-methyl-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]pyrimidine was synthesized also by cross-coupling of the 5-bromo compound with AlMe(3), followed by deprotection. The compounds showed poor, if any, inhibitory activity against DNA viruses such as herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and vaccinia virus. In contrast, several 5-substituted 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivatives markedly inhibited retrovirus replication in cell culture. The 5-methyl derivative was exquisitely inhibitory to human immunodeficiency virus and Moloney murine sarcoma virus-induced cytopathicity in cell culture (EC(50) approximately 0.00018 mumol/mL) but also cytostatic to CEM cell cultures. In contrast, the 5-halogen-substituted derivatives showed pronounced antiretroviral activity (EC(50) = 0.0023-0.0110 mumol/mL), comparable to that of the reference drugs adefovir and tenofovir, but were devoid of measurable toxicity at 0.3 mumol/mL.
Confronting Transatlantic Discord: Major United States Policy Differences with Europe (2003)

This article reviews the Bush administration's justifications for removing Saddam Hussein and his regime and the global and European opposition to the U.S.-led war against Iraq. The author contends that the war was not a reaction to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, but rather a continuation of a plan developed over the previous decade by prominent members of the current Bush administration. Moreover, the war was completely consistent with the Bush doctrine of pre-emptive war as embedded in the U.S. “National Security Strategy.” That strategy is enabled by the fact that U.S. military power is unsurpassed and unchallengeable, surpassing that of the 18 other NATO countries combined. The worldview reflected by this strategy has provoked widespread opposition within Europe, appearing to many to have put in jeopardy the future of the transatlantic alliance. Arab and European resentment of U.S. partiality toward Israel is also examined. The author concludes, however, that America's most important partnership remains with Europe.
Vehicle routing through deadlock-free policy for cooperative traffic control in a network of intersections: Reservation and congestion (2014)

This paper considers a network of intersections, traversed by autonomous vehicles. Vehicles negotiate the right-of-way before traversing each intersection. The cooperative traffic management at intersections allows high traffic performance at a single intersection. This paper extends the issue of the traffic control efficiency to a network of intersections. It proposes a hierarchical architecture of the traffic control for preventing traffic from deadlock into a grid of intersections. Then, it discusses policies for routing vehicles in the network. Three policies are considered: shortest path, reservation and congestion avoidance. Furthermore, three traffic contexts are considered and simulated. Since, the traffic management at intersections is adapted to the currently observed vehicles, then the simulation shows that it is required to define new policy that considers the overall network performance rather than optimizing the route of each vehicle according to a given criteria. Indeed, reorienting vehicles according to a given policy can increase the number of conflicts and risks of cycles.
Oxetanyl Peptides: Novel Peptidomimetic Modules for Medicinal Chemistry (2014)

The synthesis of novel oxetanyl peptides, where the amide bond is replaced by a non-hydrolyzable oxetanylamine fragment, is reported. This new class of pseudo-dipeptides with the same H-bond donor/acceptor pattern found in proteins expands the repertoire of peptidomimetics.
Solvothermal reaction route to nanocrystalline semiconductors AgMS2 (M=Ga, In) (1999)

J. Hu, Q. Lu, K. Tang, Y. Qian, J. Hu, Q. Lu, K. Tang, Y. Qian, G. Zhou and X. Liu, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1093 DOI: 10.1039/A902218J
SMIL to MPEG-4 BIFS Conversion (2006)

Traditional media, such as text, image, audio and video, have long been the main media resources and granted full support of standard desktop tools and applications. Interactive rich multimedia documents, adding resources such as video or synthetic animations and relying on complex synchronization among objects, are now making their entrance into the world as new multimedia formats emerge. In this context, the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) is receiving more and more attention from content authors due to its fine property of multimedia synchronization and authoring interactivity for the content production. At the same time, MPEG-4 is designed to address the requirement of new generation of highly interactive multimedia applications, while simultaneously maintaining the support of traditional applications. MPEG-4 provides facilities (KMT and BIFS) to integrate and synchronize, spatially and temporally, many different media objects together. However, these facilities lack appropriate authoring tools to widen its audience and subsequently limit the application. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis between SMIL and XMT, the textual description of MPEG-4, to illustrate the pros and cons of these two major interactive media. And then we propose a conversion scheme from SMIL to the binary format for scenes (BIFS) of MPEG-4 to take advantage of both formats. According to this scheme, we design the real implementation method using the current available tools and discuss the purpose and significance of such conversion
Cimetidine—A Non-Thiourea H<sub>2</sub>-Receptor Antagonist (1975)

Cimetidine is a non-thiourea analogue of metiamide. It is a specific competitive histamine H 2 -receptor antagonist and is an effective inhibitor of gastric secretion in animals and man with similar pharmacological properties to metiamide. No renal damage or haematological changes were observed in 90-day studies in rats or dogs.
Renal Physiology in Infants and Children: I. Method for Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate (1940)

The more exact methods for estimation of kidney function have been quite successfully employed in older children, but they have not been very widely applicable to infants because of the obvious difficulties in obtaining complete urine specimens. Schoenthal and his coworkers studied the urea clearance in 9 normal infants ranging in age from 2 to 11 1/2 months and concluded that the urea clearance corrected for surface area agreed with the values observed by Van Slyke and his coworkers for older children and adults, which indicated to them that renal function measured by the ability to excrete urea is as well developed in infants as in later life. Their studies did not include, however, the investigation of renal function during very early postnatal life. The method to be described here originated in an attempt to study the renal physiology during the newborn period. The single injection inulin clearance test proposed by Alving and Miller seemed especially applicable to this problem. Inulin clearances seemed preferable to urea clearances for this study since it has been well established that the inulin clearance is at the level of glomerular filtration and that the filtration rate is fairly constant at low and high rates of urine formation. Alving and Miller have shown that after the intravenous injection of inulin (10 g in adults) the plasma inulin concentration, plotted logarithmically against time, decreased at first in a curvilinear manner, later falling, however, in a linear or almost linear relationship with time. The curvilinear relationship marks, presumably, the period of equilibration between the blood and plasma and the extracellular fluids. The straight line relationship follows because once equilibrium has been established the rate of fall of the plasma inulin level is determined by the rate at which inulin is cleared from the plasma by the kidneys.
Breastfeeding and Childhood Leukemia Incidence (2015)

Breastfeeding is a highly accessible, low-cost public health measure. This meta-analysis that included studies not featured in previous meta-analyses on the subject indicates that promoting breastfeeding for 6 months or more may help lower childhood leukemia incidence, in addition to its other health benefits for children and mothers.
The Physics of Frisbees (2005)

Abstract. Frisbees are a common source of entertainment and sport, although the physics behind these flying discs is often taken for granted. Frisbees operate under two main physical concepts, aerodynamic lift and gyroscopic stability. When flying through the air, a Frisbee can be viewed as a wing, with Bernoulli’s Principle governing the magnitude of the lift force which keeps it aloft. The various forces applied are not centered on the disc though, so to keep the Frisbee from flipping over a high angular momentum is needed. This angular momentum resists the torque caused by the various forces. A computer program using the numerical technique Euler’s method was written to model the trajectory of a flying Frisbee. Different trials were made with different angles of attack and the various distances and heights that the Frisbee reached were observed.
Epidermal loss of JunB leads to a SLE phenotype due to hyper IL-6 signaling (2009)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease affecting various tissues. Involvement of B and T cells as well as increased cytokine levels have been associated with disease manifestation. Recently, we demonstrated that mice with epidermal loss of JunB (JunB(Deltaep)) develop a myeloproliferative syndrome (MPS) due to high levels of G-CSF which are secreted by JunB-deficient keratinocytes. In addition, we show that JunB(Deltaep) mice develop a SLE phenotype linked to increased epidermal interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion. Intercrosses with IL-6-deficient mice could rescue the SLE phenotype. Furthermore, we show that JunB binds to the IL-6 promoter and transcriptionally suppresses IL-6. Facial skin biopsies of human SLE patients similarly revealed low JunB protein expression and high IL-6, activated Stat3, Socs-1, and Socs-3 levels within lupus lesions. Thus, keratinocyte-induced IL-6 secretion can cause SLE and systemic autoimmunity. Our results support trials to use alpha-IL-6 receptor antibody therapy for treatment of SLE.
An Efficient Grating Mount (1951)

It is possible by modern methods to shape the grooves of a grating in such a manner that a major portion of the incident flux is reflected into the desired order and wavelength region; but this wavelength region of high efficiency is small for gratings used in conventional mounts. By solving, simultaneously, the law of specular reflection and the grating diffraction law, it is possible to determine the conditions for working on the blaze, that wavelength region for which the direction of diffracted flux coincides with that of specularly reflected flux. It can be shown that by rotation of the grating in combination with rotation and translation of a plane mirror from which the diffracted flux is reflected, the grating may be used on the blaze over wide wavelength regions in a particular order. Design equations are derived and examples of visible and infrared applications are given. The system is particularly applicable to infrared spectrometry where ordinarily several gratings are required to cover the desired wavelength range.