gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling Friction Performance of Drill String Torsional Oscillation Using Dynamic Friction Model (2017)

Drill string torsional and longitudinal oscillation can significantly reduce axial drag in horizontal drilling. An improved theoretical model for the analysis of the frictional force was proposed based on microscopic contact deformation theory and a bristle model. The established model, an improved dynamic friction model established for drill strings in a wellbore, was used to determine the relationship of friction force changes and the drill string torsional vibration. The model results were in good agreement with the experimental data, verifying the accuracy of the established model. The analysis of the influence of drilling mud properties indicated that there is an approximately linear relationship between the axial friction force and dynamic shear and viscosity. The influence of drill string torsional oscillation on the axial friction force is discussed. The results indicated that the drill string transverse velocity is a prerequisite for reducing axial friction. In addition, low amplitude of torsional vibration speed can significantly reduce axial friction. Then, increasing the amplitude of transverse vibration speed, the effect of axial reduction is not significant. In addition, by involving general field drilling parameters, this model can accurately describe the friction behavior and quantitatively predict the frictional resistance in horizontal drilling.
The Efficacy of Transcranial Current Stimulation Techniques to Modulate Resting-State EEG, to Affect Vigilance and to Promote Sleepiness (2018)

Transcranial Current Stimulations (tCSs) are non-invasive brain stimulation techniques which modulate cortical excitability and spontaneous brain activity by the application of weak electric currents through the scalp, in a safe, economic, and well-tolerated manner. The direction of the cortical effects mainly depend on the polarity and the waveform of the applied current. The aim of the present work is to provide a broad overview of recent studies in which tCS has been applied to modulate sleepiness, sleep, and vigilance, evaluating the efficacy of different stimulation techniques and protocols. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in these stimulations and their ability to affect arousal and sleep dynamics. Furthermore, we critically review works that, by means of stimulating sleep/vigilance patterns, in the sense of enhancing or disrupting them, intended to ameliorate several clinical conditions. The examined literature shows the efficacy of tCSs in modulating sleep and arousal pattern, likely acting on the top-down pathway of sleep regulation. Finally, we discuss the potential application in clinical settings of this neuromodulatory technique as a therapeutic tool for pathological conditions characterized by alterations in sleep and arousal domains and for sleep disorders per se.
Robust Real-Time-Constrained Estimation of Respiratory Motion for Interventional MRI on Mobile Organs (2012)

Real-time magnetic resonance imaging is a promising tool for image-guided interventions. For applications such as thermotherapy on moving organs, a precise image-based compensation of motion is required in real time to allow quantitative analysis, retrocontrol of the interventional device, or determination of the therapy endpoint. Reduced field-of-view imaging represents a promising way to improve spatial and / or temporal resolution. However, it introduces new challenges for target motion estimation, since structures near the target may appear transiently due to the respiratory motion and the limited spatial coverage. In this paper, a new image-based motion estimation method is proposed combining a global motion estimation with a novel optical flow approach extending the initial Horn and Schunck (H&S) method by an additional regularization term. This term integrates the displacement of physiological landmarks into the variational formulation of the optical flow problem. This allowed for a better control of the optical flow in presence of transient structures. The method was compared to the same registration pipeline employing the H&S approach on a synthetic dataset and in vivo image sequences. Compared to the H&S approach, a significant improvement (p <; & 0.05) of the Dice's similarity criterion computed between the reference and the registered organ positions was achieved.
A calibration method for automotive augmented reality head-up displays using a chessboard and warping maps (2020)

We propose a calibration method for automotive augmented reality head-up displays (AR-HUD) using a chessboard pattern and warping maps. The HUD is modeled as a pinhole camera whose intrinsic parameters are determined by employing a stereo method. We select several viewpoints within the driver’s eye box and place a smartphone at each of them in sequence, whose position is sensed by a head tracker. By automatically shifting 2D points on the HUD virtual image to 3D chessboard corners within the view of the smartphone camera, we obtain a group of 2D–3D correspondences and then compute view-dependent extrinsic parameters. Using these parameters, we reproject the chessboard corners back to the virtual image. Comparing the results with measured virtual points, we acquire 2D distributions of biases, from which we reconstruct a series of warping maps as a tool for compensating optical distortions. For any other uninvolved viewpoint in the eye box, we obtain its corresponding extrinsic parameters and warping maps through interpolation. Our method outperforms the existing ones in terms of modeling complexity as well as experimental workload. The reprojection errors at 7.5 m distance fall within a few millimeters, which indicates a high augmentation accuracy. Besides, we calibrate the head tracker by utilizing the acquired extrinsic parameters and viewpoint tracking results.
Membrane Transporters and Channels (2004)

Membrane transporters and channels (collectively the transportome) govern cellular influx and efflux of ions, nutrients, and drugs. We used oligonucleotide arrays to analyze gene expression of the transportome in 60 human cancer cell lines used by the National Cancer Institute for drug screening. Correlating gene expression with the potencies of 119 standard anticancer drugs identified known drug-transporter interactions and suggested novel ones. Folate, nucleoside, and amino acid transporters positively correlated with chemosensitivity to their respective drug substrates. We validated the positive correlation between SLC29A1 (nucleoside transporter ENT1) expression and potency of nucleoside analogues, azacytidine and inosine-glycodialdehyde. Application of an inhibitor of SLC29A1, nitrobenzylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside, significantly reduced the potency of these two drugs, indicating that SLC29A1 plays a role in cellular uptake. Three ABC efflux transporters (ABCB1, ABCC3, and ABCB5) showed significant negative correlations with multiple drugs, suggesting a mechanism of drug resistance. ABCB1 expression correlated negatively with potencies of 19 known ABCB1 substrates and with Baker's antifol and geldanamycin. Use of RNA interference reduced ABCB1 mRNA levels and concomitantly increased sensitivity to these two drugs, as expected for ABCB1 substrates. Similarly, specific silencing of ABCB5 by small interfering RNA increased sensitivity to several drugs in melanoma cells, implicating ABCB5 as a novel chemoresistance factor. Ion exchangers, ion channels, and subunits of proton and sodium pumps variably correlated with drug potency. This study identifies numerous potential drug-transporter relationships and supports a prominent role for membrane transport in determining chemosensitivity. Measurement of transporter gene expression may prove useful in predicting anticancer drug response.
Review of "Competitive Engineering by Tom Gilb", Elsevier, 2005. ISBN: 0-7506-6507-6. (2006)

No abstract available.
Bias Analysis of A Gain/phase/DC-offset Estimation Technique For Direct Frequency Conversion Modulators (2006)

This paper studies a least-square-based technique for compensation of gain and phase imbalances and DC-offsets in a direct frequency conversion quadrature modulator. The technique requires the instantaneous power measurement at the transmitter to calculate the gain/phase/DC-offset compensation coefficients. The biases of the estimated coefficients are analyzed when there exist various distortions in the power measurement circuit including circuit noise, quantization error, DC-offset, power detector modeling error, and filtering. A numerical method is used to validate these analyses.
The Single Slice Method for Measurement of Axisymmetric Residual Stresses in Solid Rods or Hollow Cylinders in the Region of Plane Strain (1998)

A new method is presented for the measurement of axisymmetric residual stresses in a solid rod or hollow cylinder in the region which is in a state of plane strain. The experimental procedure involves, first, making a complete transverse cut, normal to the axis of the part in the region which is initially in plane strain. Next, a number of strain gages are mounted on one of the faces produced by the first cut. A second transverse cut, parallel to the first, is then made to remove a thin slice containing the strain gages. It is shown that the change in strain gage readings due to removal of the slice may be used to deduce the axial stress in plane strain at the location of the first cut. The hoop stresses in the thin slice, which is in a state of plane stress, are readily obtained from the “crack compliance” procedure which we have described in earlier work. From this information and the initial axial stress in plane strain it is shown that the initial hoop and radial stresses in plane strain may be determined. The method is validated by obtaining the stresses in a water quenched rod which are shown to be in excellent agreement with those measured using a different experimental approach. Since the method does not require the measurement to be carried out on the original rod or cylinder, it allows the original residual stresses to be measured from a fractured shaft by making a slice near the plane of the fracture if the fracture is dominated by elastic deformation.
Evaluation Research (2015)

In recent years, conditions of funding to state and local agencies with regard to social service programming have been contingent upon the ability of organizations to prove efficacy through evidence‐based assessment of program goals and outcomes. This is accomplished through the use of program evaluation, which utilizes the systematic assessment of program processes to determine whether program goals are being met. This entry discusses the various types of program evaluation available to researchers and practitioners, the reasons for undergoing such evaluation, and the ways to conduct evaluations with appropriate rigor. It also places this process within the larger area of evidence‐based criminology.
Rhodium-catalyzed biphasic hydroformylation of 4-octene using water-soluble calix[4]arene-phosphine ligands (2001)

The hydroformylation of water-insoluble internal olefins has been realized in biphasic systems via the use of rhodium complexes of water-soluble calix[4]arene-phosphines. This catalytic system resulted in a good level of activity and reusability.
FOSSILIZATION PROCESSES IN MODERN THERMAL SPRINGS: CLUES FOR ASSESSING THE BIOGENICITY OF ANCIENT HYDROTHERMAL DEPOSITS. Jack (1997)

Hydrothermal systems have been cited as important targets in the search for evidence of an ancient biosphere on Mars (1,2). Indeed, such environments appear to have been widespread on Mars earlier in its history (3), while subsurface hydrothermal systems may have provided clement environments for life throughout the subsequent history of planet. Comparative studies of modern and ancient hydrothermal systems on Earth have the potential to provide important constraints on longterm evolutionary trends in hydrothermal ecosystems (4). And the results of such studies also assist in refining strategies to explore Mars for a fossil record of ancient hydrothermal life. To create a comparative framework for interpreting the fossil record of ancient hydrothermal deposits on the Earth, and possibly Mars, we have carried out parallel studies of the microbial biosedimentology, taphonomy and geochemistry of active hydrothermal environments in Yellowstone National Park. One goal of the research is the development of highly integrated biosedimentological and paleontological models for siliceous (5,6), carbonate (7) and Fe-oxideprecipitating springs (8, and Farmer et al., work in progress). In this report we emphasize fossilization processes in subaerial siliceous thermal springs over a broad range of temperatures. Although such studies are primarily intended to provide a basis for evaluating the microbial contributions to the fossil record of ancient hydrothermal deposits on Earth, they also have implications for the biogenicity of suspect “nanofossils” in Martian meteorite ALH84001 (9).
Purification and Properties of α-<scp>d</scp>-Galactosidase Produced by<i>Corticium rolfsii</i> (1972)

An α-d-galactosidase was purified from the culture filtrate of Corticium rolfsii IFO 6146 by a combination of QAE-Sephadex A-50 and SE-Sephadex C-50 chromatography. The purified enzyme was demonstrated to be free of other possibly interfering glycosidases and glycanases. The maximum activity of the enzyme towards p-nitrophenyl α-d-galactopyrano-side was found to be at pH 2.5 to 4.5, and the enzyme was fairly active at pH 1.1 to 2.0. The enzyme was stable over a pH range 4.0 to 7.0 at 5°C for 72 hr and relatively unstable at pH 1.1 to 2.0 as compared with endo-polygalacturonase, α-l-arabinofuranosidase and β-d-galactosidase produced by C. rolfsii. The enzymic activity was completely inhibited by Hg2+ and Ag+ ions, respectively. Km values were determined to be 0.16 × 10−3 m for p-nitrophenyl α-d-galactopyranoside and 0.26 × 10−3m for o-nitrophenyl α-d-galactopyranoside. The values of Vmax were also determined to be 26.6 μmoles and 28.6 μmoles per min per mg for p- and o-nitrophenyl α-d-galactopyranoside, respectively.
The impact of long-chain<i>n</i>-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human health (2005)

A considerable literature has been published on the health benefits of fish, oil-rich fish and fish oils and their constituent long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA. Evidence from epidemiological studies highlights the cardioprotective attributes of diets rich in fish, especially oil-rich fish. Data from intervention trials are consistent in suggesting that LC n-3 PUFA lower the risk of CVD, probably by the multiple mechanisms of lowering serum triacylglycerols, improving the LDL:HDL ratio, anti-arrhythmic effects on heart muscle, improved plaque stability, anti-thrombotic effects and reduced endothelial activation. Research indicates LC n-3 PUFA provision has an impact during development, and there is preliminary evidence that docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy could optimise brain and retina development in the infant. LC n-3 PUFA are also postulated to ameliorate behavioural and mental health disturbances such as depression, schizophrenia, dementia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, despite some positive evidence in each of these areas, use of LC n-3 PUFA in these conditions remains at the experimental stage. In the case of immune function, there is little doubt that LC n-3 PUFA have a positive effect. Although intervention trials in rheumatoid arthritis show strong evidence of benefit, evidence for efficacy in other inflammatory conditions, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, cystic fibrosis and asthma, is inconsistent or inadequate. More promising evidence in some conditions may come from studies which attempt to modify the fetal environment using LC n-3 PUFA supplementation during pregnancy.
Identification of Conserved Residues in the E2 Envelope Glycoprotein of the Hepatitis C Virus That Are Critical for CD81 Binding (2006)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cell entry involves interaction between the viral envelope glycoprotein E2 and the cell surface receptor CD81. Knowledge of conserved E2 determinants important for successful binding will facilitate development of entry inhibitors designed to block this interaction. Previous studies have assigned the CD81 binding function to a number of discontinuous regions of E2. To better define specific residues involved in receptor binding, a panel of mutants of HCV envelope proteins was generated, where conserved residues within putative CD81 binding regions were sequentially mutated to alanine. Mutant proteins were tested for binding to a panel of monoclonal antibodies and CD81 and for their ability to form noncovalent heterodimers and confer infectivity in the retroviral pseudoparticle (HCVpp) assay. Detection by conformation-sensitive monoclonal antibodies indicated that the mutant proteins were correctly folded. Mutant proteins fell into three groups: those that bound CD81 and conferred HCVpp infectivity, those that abrogated both CD81 binding and HCVpp infectivity, and a final group containing mutants that were able to bind CD81 but were noninfectious in the HCVpp assay. Specific amino acids conserved across all genotypes that were critical for CD81 binding were W420, Y527, W529, G530, and D535. These data significantly increase our understanding of the CD81 receptor-E2 binding process.
Comparing the Profile of Temperament and Character Dimensions in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Mood Disorder with a Control Group. (2017)

<b>Objective:</b> This study was conducted to compare the profile of temperament and character dimensions in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder with a control group. <b>Method:</b> In this causal-comparative study, the population consisted of 2 clinical groups (major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder) and a non-clinical group. The sample was 193 individuals (77 patients with major depressive disorder, 86 patients with bipolar mood disorder, and 30 controls), with an age range of 18 to 65 years and the mean age of 40.1. They were selected from Roozbeh psychiatric hospital using available sampling method. Tools used in this research included Temperament and Character Inventory-140 and General Health Questionnaire-28. Collected data were analyzed by independent t test and one-way analysis of variance using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences-22 software. <b>Results:</b> The results revealed a significant difference among groups in dimensions of novelty seeking, harm avoidance, persistence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness (P <0.05). The results showed that the mean was different in males and females only in the novelty seeking dimension (P <0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> In general, our results revealed that patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder have different personality profiles in some dimensions of temperament and character compared with the control group.
Effects of the Mechanical Properties of Collagen Gel on the <i>In Vitro</i> Formation of Microvessel Networks by Endothelial Cells (2007)

Vascularization by endothelial cells (ECs) is an essential element in tissue-engineering of organoids. Morphogenesis of these cells is regulated not only by the biochemical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) but also by its mechanical properties. Here, we investigated the effect of substrate mechanical properties on the formation of capillary-like networks by ECs; in particular, we examined the three-dimensional (3D) configurations of the resulting networks. Bovine pulmonary microvascular ECs (BPMECs) were cultured on a series of collagen gels of different stiffness but the same collagen concentration. Imaging techniques revealed that cells cultured in rigid and flexible gels formed 3D networks via different processes; cells formed dense, thin networks in the flexible gel, whereas thicker and deeper networks were formed in the rigid gel. Cross-sections of the networks revealed that those formed within the rigid gel had large lumens composed of multiple cells, whereas those formed within the flexible gel had small, intracellular vacuoles. The expression of vinculin, a focal adhesion protein, appeared to change with the mechanical properties of collagen gel. Our results indicate that the mechanical properties of adhesion substrates play an important role in regulating 3D network formation.
Identification of an antigen associated with transforming genes of human and mouse mammary carcinomas. (1982)

Sera from tumor-bearing mice immunoprecipitated a 86,000-dalton glycoprotein from extracts of NIH cells transformed by human mammary carcinoma DNA. This antigen was not immunoprecipitated from extracts of NIH 3T3 cells, spontaneously transformed NIH cells, NIH cells transformed by normal human DNA, NIH cells transformed by human bladder carcinoma DNA, or NIH cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus DNA. In addition, sera from mice bearing tumors induced by NIH cells transformed by either normal human DNA or human bladder carcinoma DNA did not immunoprecipitate this antigen from extracts of NIH cells transformed by human mammary carcinoma DNA. However, this antigen was immunoprecipitated by sera from mice bearing tumors induced by NIH cells transformed by mouse mammary carcinoma DNAs and from mice bearing primary mammary carcinomas. These results indicate that this glycoprotein represents an antigen that is specifically associated with expression of the transmissible transforming genes of human and mouse mammary carcinomas.
Synthesis of Organic Compounds by Direct Carbonylation Reactions Using Metal Carbonyls. (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Organic Compounds by Direct Carbonylation Reactions Using Metal Carbonyls.C. W. BirdCite this: Chem. Rev. 1962, 62, 4, 283–302Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60218a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60218a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1301Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts