gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genipin Cross-Linked Chitosan-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Hydrogels: Influence of Composition and Postsynthesis Treatment on pH Responsive Behaviour (2015)

Understanding the factors that influence the pH responsive behaviour of biocompatible cross-linked hydrogel networks is essential when aiming to synthesise a mechanically stable and yet stimuli responsive material suitable for various applications including drug delivery and tissue engineering. In this study the behaviour of intelligent chitosan-polyvinylpyrrolidone-genipin cross-linked hydrogels is examined as a function of their composition and postsynthesis treatment. Hydrogels are synthesised with varying amounts of each component (chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and genipin) and their response in a pH 2 buffer is measured optically. The influence of postsynthesis treatment on stability and smart characteristics is assessed using selected hydrogel samples synthesised at 30, 40, and 50°C. After synthesis, samples are exposed to either continuous freezing or three freeze-thaw cycles resulting in increased mechanical stability for all samples. Further morphological and mechanical characterisations have aided the understanding of how postsynthesis continual freezing or freeze-thaw manipulation affects network attributes.
The immunomodulatory adapter proteins DAP12 and Fc receptor γ-chain (FcRγ) regulate development of functional osteoclasts through the Syk tyrosine kinase (2004)

Osteoclasts, the only bone-resorbing cells, are central to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, yet their development and regulation are incompletely understood. Multiple receptors of the immune system use a common signaling paradigm whereby phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) within receptor-associated adapter proteins recruit the Syk tyrosine kinase. Here we demonstrate that a similar mechanism is required for development of functional osteoclasts. Mice lacking two ITAM-bearing adapters, DAP12 and the Fc receptor gamma-chain (FcRgamma), are severely osteopetrotic. DAP12(-/-)FcRgamma(-/-) bone marrow cells fail to differentiate into multinucleated osteoclasts or resorb bone in vitro and show impaired phosphorylation of the Syk tyrosine kinase. syk(-/-) progenitors are similarly defective in osteoclast development and bone resorption. Intact SH2-domains of Syk, introduced by retroviral transduction, are required for functional reconstitution of syk(-/-) osteoclasts, whereas intact ITAM-domains on DAP12 are required for reconstitution of DAP12(-/-) FcRgamma(-/-) cells. These data indicate that recruitment of Syk to phosphorylated ITAMs is critical for osteoclastogenesis. Although DAP12 appears to be primarily responsible for osteoclast differentiation in cultures directly stimulated with macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand cytokines, DAP12 and FcRgamma have overlapping roles in supporting osteoclast development in osteoblast-osteoclast cocultures, which mirrors their overlapping functions in vivo. These results provide new insight into the biology of osteoclasts and suggest novel therapeutic targets in diseases of bony remodeling.
Increases in levels of procollagenase messenger RNA in cultured fibroblasts induced by human recombinant interleukin 1 beta or serum follow c-jun expression and are dependent on new protein synthesis. (1989)

The protein encoded by the protooncogene c-jun, included in the activator protein-1 (AP-1) complex, is probably the critical trans-acting factor controlling transcription of the procollagenase gene which is rate limiting for subsequent synthesis of procollagenase. Therefore, to elucidate possible mechanisms whereby IL-1 stimulates procollagenase synthesis, we measured levels of c-jun and procollagenase mRNA in human serum-starved dermal fibroblasts in response to human recombinant IL-1 beta (hrIL-1 beta). hrIL-1 beta or serum induced rapid increases in c-jun mRNA levels; mRNA levels declined rapidly after hrIL-1 beta and more slowly after exposure to serum. The increases in levels of c-jun mRNA preceded the increases in procollagenase mRNA. Whereas the increases in levels of procollagenase mRNA were blunted by cycloheximide, those of c-jun mRNA were enhanced. We interpret these results as follows: IL-1 or serum induce transcription of c-jun by mechanisms independent of new protein synthesis; c-JUN, the protein product of c-jun in the AP-1 complex, is an essential mediator of the effects of IL-1 or serum in the subsequent induction of expression of the procollagenase gene.
PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF DNA CONTAINING IODINATED CYTOSINE* (1979)

Abstract— –Irradiation at 313 nm of compounds containing iodinated cytosine moieties results in the photolysis of iodine. Photolysis occurs with a quantum yield of 0·0224·024 for 5‐iododeoxycytidine and 5‐iododeoxycytidine monophosphate, and 0·004–0·008 for iodinated DNA as well as for iodinated polycytidylate. Photodegradation of the cytosine moiety occurs when air is present during irradiation, presumably due to the reaction of oxygen with the cytosyl radical formed when iodine is lost. This oxygen promoted photodegradation destroys the cytosine chromophore and is complete in the monomers but occurs to only a limited extent in the polymers. In the absence of oxygen or in the presence of ethanol, photodegradation is prevented and the loss of iodine leads exclusively to the formation of the cytosine chromophore. In DNA, the loss of iodine is accompanied by the formation of sugar damage and/or chain breaks. As measured by sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients, approximately one break is made for every six iodinqs lost in denatured DNA. The frequency of chain breakage per iodine photolyzed is reduced 2‐fold in renatured DNA. Analysis in neutral gradients suggests that half of the breaks observed in alkali are alkali‐labile bonds. Both ethanol and cysteamine reduce the number of chain breaks observed in alkali by ˜ 3‐fold.
FRONT PAGES (2019)

1. Cover2. Editorial Team3. from the editor4. Table of Contents)
The Design of a NPVR System for an IPTV Platform (2013)

IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) is one of the main Internet applications developed in recent years. It provides an unprecedented variety of multimedia services in the form of streaming media, delivers real time contents to users directly, and supports new services such as user interactive TV programs. In this paper, we design and implement a cross-platform web IPTV systems based on the functional definitions of the OIPF (Open IPTV Forum) standard. We implement a few multimedia streaming functions, including video upload, NPVR (Network Personal Video Recorder), VoD (Video on Demand) and live video services. 
Hydroxycitric acid delays intestinal glucose absorption in rats (2004)

In this study, we investigated in rats if hydroxycitric acid (HCA) reduces the postprandial glucose response by affecting gastric emptying or intestinal glucose absorption. We compared the effect of regulator HCA (310 mg/kg) and vehicle (control) on the glucose response after an intragastric or intraduodenal glucose load to investigate the role of altered gastric emptying. Steele's one-compartment model was used to investigate the effect of HCA on systemic glucose appearance after an intraduodenal glucose load, using [U-(13)C]-labeled glucose and d-[6,6-(2)H(2)]-labeled glucose. Because an effect on postabsorptive glucose clearance could not be excluded, the effect of HCA on the appearance of enterally administered glucose in small intestinal tissue, liver, and portal and systemic circulation was determined by [U-(14)C]glucose infusion. Data show that HCA treatment delays the intestinal absorption of enterally administered glucose at the level of the small intestinal mucosa in rats. HCA strongly attenuated postprandial blood glucose levels after both intragastric (P < 0.01) and intraduodenal (P < 0.001) glucose administration, excluding a major effect of HCA on gastric emptying. HCA delayed the systemic appearance of exogenous glucose but did not affect the total fraction of glucose absorbed over the study period of 150 min. HCA treatment decreased concentrations of [U-(14)C]glucose in small intestinal tissue at 15 min after [U-(14)C]glucose administration (P < 0.05), in accordance with the concept that HCA delays the enteral absorption of glucose. These data support a possible role for HCA as food supplement in lowering postprandial glucose profiles.
The effect of isolation edge profile on the leakage and breakdown characteristics of advanced bipolar transistors (2003)

The authors describe the effect of the isolation edge profile on the leakage and breakdown characteristics of advanced poly emitter NPN bipolar transistors. It is shown that the isolation edge profile can cause considerable base narrowing and reduction of the Gummel number, thus controlling the collector-emitter breakdown voltage, BV/sub ceo/, and the collector-emitter leakage current, I/sub ceo/. The reduction in BV/sub ceo/ can become severe enough so that the devices cannot operate at the maximum supply voltages used in emitter coupled logic (ECL) and BiCMOS circuits. The vertical scaling of the intrinsic device will be constrained under these circumstances to meet the required circuit breakdown characteristics, compromising device parameters such as beta and the unity gain cutoff frequency. Therefore device isolation can control key device parameters, thus becoming a major limiting factor in the development of high-performance bipolar devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Peptide Leukotriene Antagonistic Activity of AS-35, a New Antiallergic Drug (1992)

The effects of 9-[(4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-2-n-propylphenoxy)methyl]-3-(l//-tetrazol-5-yl)-4//-pyrido[l,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (AS-35), a newly synthesized compound, on leukotrienes (LTs) antagonistic activities were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In isolated guinea pig preparations, AS-35 antagonized LTC4-, LTD4- and LTE4-induced contractions of the ileum with IC50 values of 8 nM, 4 nM and 3 nM, respectively. In the trachea, the agent also antagonized LTD4- and LTE4-induced contractions with IC50 values of 10 nM and 20 nM, respectively. However, LTC4-induced tracheal contraction in the presence of L-serine borate was not antagonized by AS-35. Histamine-, acetylcholine-, serotonin- and bradykinin-induced contractions of the ileum, carbachol-, prostaglandin D2-, prostaglandin F2α-induced contractions of the trachea and LTB4-induced chemotaxis of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes were not inhibited by AS-35. As to the in vivo models, AS-35 (i.v.) dose-dependently antagonized bronchoconstriction induced by i.v.-injection of LTC4 and LTD4 in anesthetized guinea pigs, but did not inhibit histamine-induced bronchoconstriction. Oral administration of AS-35 also antagonized LTD4- as well as antigen-induced LT-mediated bronchoconstriction. In addition, LTD4-induced increase in the cutaneous vascular permeability of guinea pig was inhibited by the drug (p.o.). These results indicate that AS-35 is an orally effective, potent and selective peptide LT antagonist.
Digital adaptative filters for interrogating fiber optic sensors (2005)

The use of digital adaptative filters for the processing of signals coming from fiber optic sensors is discussed. An insight into the theoretical operating principle and the experimental parameters that affect their performance is given.
Endophytic Actinobacteria Induce Defense Pathways in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2008)

Endophytic actinobacteria, isolated from healthy wheat tissue, which are capable of suppressing a number wheat fungal pathogens both in vitro and in planta, were investigated for the ability to activate key genes in the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) or the jasmonate/ethylene (JA/ET) pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. Inoculation of A. thaliana (Col-0) with selected endophytic strains induced a low level of SAR and JA/ET gene expression, measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Upon pathogen challenge, endophyte-treated plants demonstrated a higher abundance of defense gene expression compared with the non-endophyte-treated controls. Resistance to the bacterial pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora required the JA/ET pathway. On the other hand, resistance to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum involved primarily the SAR pathway. The endophytic actinobacteria appear to be able to "prime" both the SAR and JA/ET pathways, upregulating genes in either pathway depending on the infecting pathogen. Culture filtrates of the endophytic actinobacteria were investigated for the ability to also activate defense pathways. The culture filtrate of Micromonospora sp. strain EN43 grown in a minimal medium resulted in the induction of the SAR pathway; however, when grown in a complex medium, the JA/ET pathway was activated. Further analysis using Streptomyces sp. strain EN27 and defense-compromised mutants of A. thaliana indicated that resistance to E. carotovora subsp. carotovora occurred via an NPR1-independent pathway and required salicylic acid whereas the JA/ET signaling molecules were not essential. In contrast, resistance to F. oxysporum mediated by Streptomyces sp. strain EN27 occurred via an NPR1-dependent pathway but also required salicylic acid and was JA/ET independent.
Extracting Moods from Pictures and Sounds (2006)

[Towards truly personalized TV] Intensive research efforts in the field of multimedia content analysis in the past 15 years have resulted in an abundance of theoretical and algorithmic solutions for extracting the content-related information from audiovisual signals. The solutions proposed so far cover an enormous application scope and aim at enabling us to easily access the events, people, objects, and scenes captured by the camera, to quickly retrieve our favorite themes from a large music video archive (e.g., a pop/rock concert database), or to efficiently generate comprehensive overviews, summaries, and abstracts of movies, sports TV broadcasts, surveillance, meeting recordings, and educational video material. However, what about the task of finding exciting parts of a sports TV broadcast or funny and romantic excerpts from a movie? What about locating unpleasant video clips we would be reluctant to let our children watch? This article considers how we feel about the content we see or hear. As opposed to the cognitive content information composed of the facts about the genre, temporal content structure (shots, scenes) and spatiotemporal content elements (objects, persons, events, topics) we are interested in obtaining the information about the feelings, emotions, and moods evoked by a speech, audio, or video clip. We refer to the latter as the affective content, and to the terms such as “happy ” or “exciting ” as the affective labels of an audiovisual signal.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ZOOGLAN‐115, AN EXOCELLULAR GLYCAN OF Zoogloea ramigera‐115 (1980)

ABSTRACT Zooglan‐115 shows Newtonian flow at a concentration of 0.2% or less, Bingham flow between 0.2 and 0.4%, and mixed flow greater than 0.4%. It was stable in the pH range 3.0–10.0. Zooglan‐115 is compatible with most gum systems such as guar, locust bean, arabic, karaya, xanthan, and tragacanth, but shows an antagonistic effect with cellulose backbone glycans, microcrystalline cellulose, and CMC. A 0.1% solution at 22°C reduced the surface tension of water from 72 dynes/cm to 63 dynes/cm, and also lowered the interfacial tension with winterized soybean oil from 19 dynes/cm to 12 dynes/cm. The combined functional properties of viscoelasticity (and therefore possessing a yield value), surface‐activtity, acid stability, and salt compatability enable Zooglan‐115 to be a good stabilizer/emulsifier when used in oil‐in‐water emulsion systems.
Burden of atherosclerosis and risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with migraine (2008)

This study is the first to compare the burden of atherosclerosis as quantified by high-resolution duplex ultrasound between migraineurs and nonmigraineurs in the general community, and provides solid evidence against the view that migraine predisposes to atherosclerosis. The higher risk for venous thromboembolism among migraineurs (prothrombotic state) awaits confirmation and elaboration in future research.
Incorporating the survivin promoter in an infectivity enhanced CRAd-analysis of oncolysis and anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo (2005)

Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) represent a promising new modality for the treatment of cancer. A key contribution in this regard was the introduction of tumor-selective viral replication for amplification of the initial inoculum. Specifically, following cellular infection, the virus replicates selectively in the infected tumor cells and kills the cells by cytolysis. Next, the progeny virions infect surrounding target cells, replicate and eradicate the infected tumor cells, leaving normal cells unaffected. However, to date there have been two limitations to clinical application of these CRAd agents; i.e., both infectivity and tumor specificity are poor. Survivin protein is a novel member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, which plays an important role in the survival of cancer cells and progression of malignancies. Previous data have shown the survivin promoter has high activities in multiple cancer cells with a low activity in mouse liver. In this study, we propose an improved CRAd agent to circumvent the obstacles. We constructed a novel CRAd agent, CRAd-Survivin-RGD, which contains both the survivin promoter (either the short version, S-S, or the long version, S-L) to selectively drive E1 gene expression in tumor cells and a capsid modification and RGD4C to specifically enhance the tumor infectivity of CRAd agents. Both CRAd agents (S-S and S-L) showed high replication rates in the breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-361, and low promoter activity in both normal mouse and human liver, thus signifying the CRAd agents have the phenotype of 'tumor on/liver off'. In cytocidal experiments, the CRAd agents demonstrated a high cytocidal effect on multiple cancer cell lines, including the breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231; the glioma cell line, D65, the melanoma cell line, MEL-28; and mesothelioma, Meso2374. The results also showed the tumor growth was dramatically inhibited by intertumoral administration of the CRAd agents in a breast cancer (MDA-MB-361) xenograft animal model. These data clearly demonstrate that CRAd-Survivin-RGD is a potential novel therapeutic agent for treatment in many, but not all, human cancers.
Modular synchronization in distributed, multiversion databases: version control and concurrency control (1993)

A version control mechanism is proposed that enhances the modularity and extensibility of multiversion concurrency control algorithms. The multiversion algorithms are decoupled into two components: version control and concurrency control. This permits modular development of multiversion protocols and simplifies the task of proving the correctness of these protocols. A set of procedures for version control is described that defines the interface with the version control component. It is shown that the same interface can be used by the database actions of both two-phase locking and time-stamp concurrency control protocols to access multiversion data. An interesting feature of the framework is that the execution of read-only transactions becomes completely independent of the underlying concurrency control implementation. Unlike other multiversion algorithms, read-only transactions in this scheme do not modify any version-related information, and therefore do not interfere with the execution of read-write transactions. The extension of the multiversion algorithms to a distributed environment becomes very simple.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New Trends in Robotics for Agriculture: Integration and Assessment of a Real Fleet of Robots (2014)

Computer-based sensors and actuators such as global positioning systems, machine vision, and laser-based sensors have progressively been incorporated into mobile robots with the aim of configuring autonomous systems capable of shifting operator activities in agricultural tasks. However, the incorporation of many electronic systems into a robot impairs its reliability and increases its cost. Hardware minimization, as well as software minimization and ease of integration, is essential to obtain feasible robotic systems. A step forward in the application of automatic equipment in agriculture is the use of fleets of robots, in which a number of specialized robots collaborate to accomplish one or several agricultural tasks. This paper strives to develop a system architecture for both individual robots and robots working in fleets to improve reliability, decrease complexity and costs, and permit the integration of software from different developers. Several solutions are studied, from a fully distributed to a whole integrated architecture in which a central computer runs all processes. This work also studies diverse topologies for controlling fleets of robots and advances other prospective topologies. The architecture presented in this paper is being successfully applied in the RHEA fleet, which comprises three ground mobile units based on a commercial tractor chassis.
Efficacy of bupropion for smoking cessation in smokers with a former history of major depression or alcoholism∗ (1999)

Bupropion is efficacious for smoking cessation independently of a former history of major depression or alcoholism. Increases in depressive symptoms during an initial period of abstinence are associated with a return to smoking.
Molecular Imaging Insights into Neurodegeneration: Focus on Tau PET Radiotracers (2014)

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive dysfunction and neuronal death, showing specific protein inclusions at autopsy. In vivo detection of these key proteins, namely amyloid-β, tau, α-synuclein, and trans-active response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa, is possible by means of molecular neuroimaging techniques, such as PET. The development of selective PET radiotracers targeting these proteins is critical for early and accurate diagnosis and for the successful development of disease-modifying therapies. Selective PET radiotracers for amyloid-β are already available, and potential tau tracers are emerging as new-generation biomarkers. An overview of the tau-PET radiotracer development scenario, focusing on tracers that are presently being examined in humans, is presented.
Superheating Antigen Retrieval (2002)

Heat-induced antigen retrieval in a variety of solutions has been shown to enhance the immunoreactivity of a wide range of antigens in routine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Accurate time and temperature control is important for standardization and optimization of the procedure but is difficult to achieve. This study used a device to attain precise time and temperature control for antigen retrieval at 120 degrees C under 1.9 bar pressure. It compares the efficacy of this method with antigen retrieval in a conventional pressure cooker, by microwave heating at 98 degrees C, and ultrasound retrieval at 40 and 70 W for 40 and 100 seconds. Multitissue and multitumor blocks containing a spectrum of normal tissues and a variety of tumors, respectively, were used, and 42 routine diagnostic antibodies were applied with a standard peroxidase conjugated streptavidin technique. Sections in which antigen retrieval was not performed served as controls. The three heat-induced methods showed distinctly better immunostaining for all antigens compared with those obtained with ultrasound retrieval. The latter method did not produce consistent staining and intensity, and the extent of staining was only marginally better than sections not subjected to antigen retrieval. Superheating at 120 degrees C produced the best overall results with the exception of antibodies to cytokeratin clones Cam 5.2, AE1/3, and 34BE12 in which superheating resulted in slightly inferior immunostaining compared with heating in a pressure cooker and at 98 degrees C.