gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mass-transported efficient microlenses in GaAs and GaP for integration with high-power diode lasers (2002)

We describe the successful fabrication of the first mass-transported microlenses in GaAs, suitable for monolithic integration with lasers. We also describe a novel two-sided microlens in a GaP substrate, designed for high collection efficiency from a tapered laser and direct coupling to a single-mode fiber.
High Efficiency RF Transmitter Architectures Modulating Power Supply (2007)

The RF transmitter architecture for mobile communication necessitates high efficiency for long battery time. There are several highly efficient transmitter architectures including EER/polar transmitters. In this paper, we present the EER/polar transmitter based on the high efficiency envelope amplifier and delta-sigma modulator based envelope control circuit; hybrid-EER transmitter and the DeltaSigma-digitized polar transmitter.
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems of a Beta Blocker: Design, In Vitro, and In Vivo Characterization (2004)

The matrix type transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) of metoprolol were prepared by film casting technique using a fabricated stainless steel film casting apparatus and characterized in vitro by drug release, skin permeation, skin irritation, and in vivo pharmacodynamic and stability studies. Four formulations were prepared that differed in the ratio of matrix forming polymers. Formulations M-1, M-2, M-3, and M-4 were composed of Eudragit RL-100 and polyvinyl acetate with the following ratios: 2:8, 4:6, 6:4, and 8:2, respectively. All the four formulations carried 10% (w/w) of metoprolol tartrate, 5% (w/w) of dibutylphthalate, and 5% (w/w) of (+/-) menthol in dichloromethane:isopropyl alcohol (80:20 v/v). Cumulative amount of drug released in 48 hr from the four formulations was 79.16%, 81.17%, 85.98%, and 95.04%. The corresponding values for cumulative amount of drug permeated for the said formulations were 59.72%, 66.52%, 77.36%, and 90.38%. On the basis of in vitro drug release and skin permeation performance, formulation M-4 was found to be better than the other three formulations and it was selected as the optimized formulation. The formulation appeared to be stable when stored at 40 degrees C and 75% RH with negligible degradation of the drug. The TDDS was found to be free of any skin irritation as suggested by skin irritation score of 1.16 (<2.00) under Draize score test. Statistically significant reduction in mean blood pressure (p < .01) was achieved in methyl prednisolone-induced hypertensive rats on treatment with the TDDS.
Interior type permanent magnet synchronous motor analysis by equivalent circuits (1989)

Experimental tests show that steady-state core loss of interior-type permanent magnet machines changes with the terminal voltage in a peculiar way due to flux redistribution produced by armature reaction. An equivalent circuit is proposed to predict such loss through new parameters that can be easily determined by experimental tests. Different operating conditions of the motor such as under demagnetizing or magnetizing armature reaction effects and under saturation influence are included in the analysis. The new circuit allows a detailed representation of the interior-type permanent magnetic machines that can be usefully adopted in loss and efficiency computations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Defining a Metric Space of Host Logs and Operational Use Cases (2018)

Host logs, in particular, Windows Event Logs, are a valuable source of information often collected by security operation centers (SOCs). The semi-structured nature of host logs inhibits automated analytics, and while manual analysis is common, the sheer volume makes manual inspection of all logs impossible. Although many powerful algorithms for analyzing time-series and sequential data exist, utilization of such algorithms for most cyber security applications is either infeasible or requires tailored, research-intensive preparations. In particular, basic mathematic and algorithmic developments for providing a generalized, meaningful similarity metric on system logs is needed to bridge the gap between many existing sequential data mining methods and this currently available but under-utilized data source. In this paper, we provide a rigorous definition of a metric product space on Windows Event Logs, providing an embedding that allows for the application of established machine learning and time-series analysis methods. We then demonstrate the utility and flexibility of this embedding with multiple use-cases on real data: (1) comparing known infected to new host log streams for attack detection and forensics, (2) collapsing similar streams of logs into semantically-meaningful groups (by user, by role), thereby reducing the quantity of data but not the content, (3) clustering logs as well as short sequences of logs to identify and visualize user behaviors and background processes over time. Overall, we provide a metric space framework for general host logs and log sequences that respects semantic similarity and facilitates a wide variety of data science analytics to these logs without data-specific preparations for each.
Convergent Temporal-Difference Learning with Arbitrary Smooth Function Approximation (2009)

We introduce the first temporal-difference learning algorithms that converge with smooth value function approximators, such as neural networks. Conventional temporal-difference (TD) methods, such as TD(λ), Q-learning and Sarsa have been used successfully with function approximation in many applications. However, it is well known that off-policy sampling, as well as nonlinear function approximation, can cause these algorithms to become unstable (i.e., the parameters of the approximator may diverge). Sutton et al. (2009a, 2009b) solved the problem of off-policy learning with linear TD algorithms by introducing a new objective function, related to the Bellman error, and algorithms that perform stochastic gradient-descent on this function. These methods can be viewed as natural generalizations to previous TD methods, as they converge to the same limit points when used with linear function approximation methods. We generalize this work to nonlinear function approximation. We present a Bellman error objective function and two gradient-descent TD algorithms that optimize it. We prove the asymptotic almost-sure convergence of both algorithms, for any finite Markov decision process and any smooth value function approximator, to a locally optimal solution. The algorithms are incremental and the computational complexity per time step scales linearly with the number of parameters of the approximator. Empirical results obtained in the game of Go demonstrate the algorithms' effectiveness.
Systemic Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Chronic Pruritus: A Literature Review (2012)

Chronic pruritus is frequently refractory to currently available treatments. Studies suggest that pruritus may arise from an imbalance of the mu- and kappa-opioid receptor system activity in either the skin or the central nervous system. Stimulation of kappa-opioid receptors by their agonists inhibits pruritus in both animals and humans. The antipruritic effect of kappa-opioid receptors agonists can currently be assumed to be related to their binding to kappa-opioid receptors on keratinocytes and cutaneous and/or central itch neurones. To date, several case reports and 2 controlled trials have demonstrated a beneficial effect of systemic kappa-opioid receptor agonists in the treatment of uraemic pruritus, prurigo nodularis, paraneoplastic and cholestatic pruritus. Nalfurafine hydrochloride (Remitch(®)), a selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist, is approved for the treatment of chronic pruritus in Japan. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the promising role of kappa- opioid receptors and their agonist in the pathophysiology and treatment of pruritus.
Building Color Management Modules Using Linear Optimization II. Prepress System for Offset Printing (1998)

A spectral model was derived to predict the spectral reflectance factor of colors formed using a color proofing system simulating offset printing. A first-order model was based on the spectral Neugebauer equation modified by the Yule-Nielsen correction in which n was assumed to vary as a function of wavelength. The nλ and effective dot areas were optimized using primary (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) halftone tints. Systematic errors were observed. The systematic error behaved in a similar fashion to the phenomenon of ink trapping. Because ink trapping, ink spread, ink mixture and variance of mechanical dot gain were negligible for this proofing system, this is an optical effect to be referred to as “optical trapping.” An interaction model was derived that compensated for optical trapping. Adding the optical trapping effect to the first-order model significantly improved model prediction to an average ΔE*ab, of 2.2 with a maximum of 5.5. A simple black printer model was derived for an inversion of the forward model that aimed to provide a similar black amount with a conventional color-separation method and colorimetric match applying a concept of under-color removal (UCR) in original density space with tone reproduction curves of a gray scale. Using the Simplex method, the modified spectral Neugebauer model with the black printer model was inverted to build a backward model. Influences of the dot area transform function obtained from the backward model were compared with those from a conventional method for an evaluation of similarity. A desktop drum scanner was colorimetrically characterized using a spectral reconstruction model for a reflective photographic material to build a concatenated device profile in which digital counts of a scanned photographic reflection print were the input and those of the roofing system were the output. Performances of the concatenated device profile were evaluated for practical use. The average ΔE*aberror from the profile was 2.1 including colors outside of the proofing system's color gamut.
An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus Antigens (1988)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of the antigens of avian encephalomyelitis viruses (AEVs) was developed, using an antigen capture method with affinity-purified anti-AEV immunoglobulins prepared in rabbits. Both the Van Roekel strain and a field strain of AEV could be detected at concentrations of 4 x 10(3) ng/g tissue in the presence or absence of an uninfected chicken embryo extract. The procedure was used to determine the distribution of antigens to the Van Roekel strain after inoculation of 6-day-old chicken embryos. Antigen concentrations were highest in the embryo brain and lower in the heart and other tissues. When the same strain was inoculated intramuscularly into day-old chickens, highest levels of antigen were noted in the pancreas, gizzard, and brain. Patterns of fecal antigen excretion and antibody production were studied after inoculation of the field strain by the intramuscular, intracerebral, and oral routes. Excretion was most prolonged following oral inoculation (4-10 days), although antigen could be detected by 2 days after intracerebral inoculation. Detectable antibody was present by 10 days following infection by each route.
Growth, cell division and sporulation in mycobacteria (2010)

Bacteria have the ability to adapt to different growth conditions and to survive in various environments. They have also the capacity to enter into dormant states and some bacteria form spores when exposed to stresses such as starvation and oxygen deprivation. Sporulation has been demonstrated in a number of different bacteria but Mycobacterium spp. have been considered to be non-sporulating bacteria. We recently provided evidence that Mycobacterium marinum and likely also Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin can form spores. Mycobacterial spores were detected in old cultures and our findings suggest that sporulation might be an adaptation of lifestyle for mycobacteria under stress. Here we will discuss our current understanding of growth, cell division, and sporulation in mycobacteria.
Monolithic filters using strong piezoelectrics (2002)

The authors give information about development of monolithic filters using quartz material, lithium tantalate and La/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/SiO/sub 14/ (langasite). Their principal parameters and angle of cut are reported which ensure obtaining a minimum or zero frequency-temperature coefficient over the operating temperature range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibitory Effect of Decamethylene-Diguanidine (Synthalin) against Leukemia L1210 and Sarcoma 180 (Ascites) (1960)

Summary Intraperitoneal treatment with Synthalin resulted in an inhibition of the growth of Leukemia L1210 and of Sarcoma 180 (ascites) and in a prolongation of the survival time of the tumor-bearing mice. When the compound was administered subcutaneously or in the diet, toxicity to the host was evident and limited the therapeutic activity studied. Four potent oral hypoglycemic agents, chemically unrelated to the diguanidine structures, were not active against Sarcoma 180 (ascites). Thus, the antitumor effects of Synthalin do not seem to be associated with its hypoglycemic activity.
Surfactant-mediated growth of nanostructured zinc oxide thin films via electrodeposition and their photoelectrochemical performance (2008)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were electrodeposited from an aqueous zinc acetate solution onto fluorine-doped thin oxide (FTO) coated conducting glass substrates. The effect of organic surfactants like polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), ethylene glycol (EG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on their structural, morphological, optical and photoelectrochemical properties was studied. The x-ray diffraction patterns revealed the formation of phase-pure ZnO thin films. The films deposited using organic surfactants exhibit different surface morphologies. It was observed that the organic surfactants play important roles in modifying the surface morphology and size of the crystallites. A compact granular morphology was observed for the ZnO samples grown without organic surfactants. The films exhibit nanoparticles of size 100-150 nm for PVP, EG and PVA mediated growth. The vertically aligned thin and compact hexagonal crystallites stem from the SDS, whereas microporous corrugated morphology is observed for PEG-mediated growth. All the samples exhibit room temperature photoluminescence (PL). Oxygen vacancies contribute to the active luminescent centers for the emission of green light in ZnO thin films. PL gets quenched for the SDS surfactant. All the samples were post-treated with ethanol to remove stray surfactant molecules. FTIR study was used to confirm the removal of adsorbed surfactant molecules from the samples. Moreover the samples are photoelectrochemically (PEC) active and exhibit the highest photocurrent of 231 µA, a photovoltage of 492 mV and 0.42 fill factor for the ZnO:SDS films.
Locality-Sensitive Hashing Techniques for Nearest Neighbor Search (2012)

When the volume of data grows big, some simple tasks could become a significant concern. Nearest neighbor search is such a task which finds from a data set the k nearest data points to queries. Locality-sensitive hashing techniques have been developed for approximate but fast nearest neighbor search. This paper introduces the notion of locality-sensitive hashing and surveys the locality-sensitive hashing techniques. It categories them based on several criteria, presents their characteristics, and compares their performance.
Biochemical and Genetic Studies of Recombination Proficiency in <i>Escherichia coli</i> , II. Rec <sup>+</sup> Revertants Caused by Indirect Suppression of Rec-Mutations (1970)

All recB(-) and recC(-) mutants of E. coli carry out significant residual genetic recombination, whereas all recA(-) mutants form no recombinants. This observation suggests that an alternative minor pathway of recombination, independent of recB(+) and recC(+) products, may be operative in Escherichia coli. Rec(+) revertants of recB(-)recC(+), recB(+)recC(-), and recB(-) strains of E. coli have been isolated and are shown to fall into at least two major genotypic classes. One class carries revertant mutations which map in or very near the recB and recC genes. In this class an ATP-dependent DNase characteristic of wild type E. coli is restored. The reversions in this class are probably back-mutations or intragenic suppressor mutations. A second class carries revertant mutations which are located far from the recB and recC genes. In this class there is a high level of DNase activity which does not require ATP and is inactive on T4 DNA. Indirect and not informational suppression appears to be responsible for the second class of revertants. The suggestion is made that restoration of recombination by indirect suppression involves an activation or derepression of one or a series of enzymes, which participate in a pathway of recombination, alternative to the recB and recC pathway, but normally of minor importance. The ATP-independent DNase may be one of these enzymes.
ChemInform Abstract: DEMONSTRATION OF EFFICIENT NONLINEAR OPTICAL CRYSTALS WITH VANISHING MOLECULAR DIPOLE MOMENT: SECOND‐HARMONIC GENERATION IN 3‐METHYL‐4‐NITROPYRIDINE‐1‐OXIDE (1981)

Abstract Es werden die Bedingungen untersucht, die eine organische Verbindung besitzen muß, um gute optische Kristalle zu liefern ( ;z.B. hohe Hyperpolarisierbarkeit 1. Ordnung, geeignete Kristallstruktur, ausreichende optische Qualität).
Freeze drying of pharmaceuticals (1977)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Patrick P. DeLuca; Freeze drying of pharmaceuticals. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1 January 1977; 14 (1): 620–629. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.569163 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science and Technology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The Effect of Molecular Interactions on N. M. R. Reference Compounds (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effect of Molecular Interactions on N. M. R. Reference CompoundsEdwin D. BeckerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1959, 63, 9, 1379–1381Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150579a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j150579a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of the luminescent intramolecular reaction of aequorin (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the luminescent intramolecular reaction of aequorinOsamu Shimomura, Frank H. Johnson, and Hiroshi MoriseCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 16, 3278–3286Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00713a016https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00713a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views781Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Towards effective partition management for large graphs (2012)

Searching and mining large graphs today is critical to a variety of application domains, ranging from community detection in social networks, to de novo genome sequence assembly. Scalable processing of large graphs requires careful partitioning and distribution of graphs across clusters. In this paper, we investigate the problem of managing large-scale graphs in clusters and study access characteristics of local graph queries such as breadth-first search, random walk, and SPARQL queries, which are popular in real applications. These queries exhibit strong access locality, and therefore require specific data partitioning strategies. In this work, we propose a Self Evolving Distributed Graph Management Environment (Sedge), to minimize inter-machine communication during graph query processing in multiple machines. In order to improve query response time and throughput, Sedge introduces a two-level partition management architecture with complimentary primary partitions and dynamic secondary partitions. These two kinds of partitions are able to adapt in real time to changes in query workload. (Sedge) also includes a set of workload analyzing algorithms whose time complexity is linear or sublinear to graph size. Empirical results show that it significantly improves distributed graph processing on today's commodity clusters.
High-power high-efficiency superluminescent diodes with J-shaped ridge waveguide structure (2003)

In order to improve the L-I characteristics of conventional SLDs, a new ridge waveguide structure has been proposed and fabricated. As results, considerably improved light emission threshold characteristics (Ith/spl sim/30mA), a COD (catastrophic optical damage) level limited output power with high slope efficiency /spl sim/0.6W/A, and fairly improved output linearity have been obtained on the J-shaped ridge waveguide SLD by using aluminum-free materials (InGaAs/InGaAsP/InGaP).