gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of a high-<i>Tc</i> superconducting flux pump: Using alternating magnetic field to trigger flux flow (2015)

High-Tc Superconducting (HTS) magnets operating in persistent current mode suffer a current decay due to flux creep of superconductor and joint resistance. Flux pumps are able to inject direct current into superconducting circuit to compensate the current decay, without the thermal loss caused by current leads. In this work, we proposed a flux pumping mechanism for HTS coils, with an experimental verification and an analytical model. The basic principle we have used is that flux flow can be triggered when the superconductor carrying a direct current is subjected to a perpendicular AC magnetic field. Low frequency alternating current is induced in a loop of YBCO tape using an AC field. A portion of the tape which we refer to as the “bridge” shorts a superconducting coil. A high frequency AC field is applied perpendicular to the bridge tape when alternating current in the tape reaches one polarity. This triggers a net flux flow and results in a current increase in the coil. The proposed flux pump has clear physics and is easily controllable, which may make it promising in practical use.
Development of two-degree-of-freedom control for robot manipulator with biarticular muscle torque (2009)

This paper suggests control algorithm for a robot manipulator which has biarticular muscle torque input in addition to the conventional two monoarticular muscle torques. Using a modified Jacobian matrix which is based on the absolute angle of two joints, we derive simple relationship between an endpoint force/position and three muscle torques. Based on this relationship a feedback controller is developed to design endpoint stiffness. The proposed control realizes the endpoint stiffness with arbitrary major axis, minor axis, and tilt angle with simple gain decision. As for the feedforward control, the dynamics of three muscles torque are derived and used as inverse dynamics in the control. It is found that with this biarticular muscle torque, the inertia matrix can be decoupled and has only diagonal elements. Simulation result shows the effectiveness of the proposed control.
A surface-displayed cholera toxin B peptide improves antibody responses using food-grade staphylococci for mucosal subunit vaccine delivery (1999)

The possibility of improving the antibody responses to a model streptococcal antigen, administered by intranasal immunization as surface-displayed on the food-grade bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus, by co-exposure of a peptide (CTBp) comprising amino acids 50-75 of the cholera toxin B subunit, was investigated. It was found that the introduction of the CTBp into the chimeric surface proteins, containing a serum albumin binding protein (ABP) from streptococcal protein G as model antigen, significantly increased serum IgG responses upon intranasal immunization. Similarly, elicited local IgA responses were also found to be improved. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that live delivery of the staphylococci was required to obtain this effect, since UV-irradiated or heat-killed bacteria exposing the same chimeric surface proteins did not show increased anti-ABP IgG responses.
Optimizing Paraffin and Naphthene Wax-Treatment Options Using Cross-Polarized Microscopy (2011)

Abstract Wax deposition is a worldwide problem for the upstream petroleum industry. Considerable resources are expended every year on trial-and-error type chemical treatment options. In a laboratory setting chemical treatments are often optimized using viscosity and pour point measurements. Viscometry and pour points can only measure bulk properties. Cross-Polarized Microscopy (CPM), however, has been shown in previous work to be a useful tool to determine individual wax crystal size and morphology. Thus, in this work CPM was used to evaluate the effectiveness of wax inhibitor treatments for paraffinic and naphthenic base oils by monitoring the morphology and size of the wax crystals before and after the application of the chemical treatments. It has been demonstrated that there is a statistically significant reduction in wax crystal size after the wax treatment. Furthermore, the observations of the wax morphologies through CPM have demonstrated that the chemical treatment effectively inhibits wax crystal growth for both macrocrystalline (paraffin) and microcrystalline (naphthene and iso-paraffin) waxes. In addition to viscosity and pour point measurements CPM has been demonstrated to be a valuable tool to the optimization of wax-treatment options.
Molecular Characterization of CRMP5, a Novel Member of the Collapsin Response Mediator Protein Family (2000)

The CRMP (collapsin response mediator protein) family is thought to play key roles in growth cone guidance during neural development. The four members (CRMP1-4) identified to date have been demonstrated to form hetero-multimeric structures through mutual associations. In this study, we cloned a novel member of this family, which we call CRMP5, by the yeast two-hybrid method. This protein shares relatively low amino acid identity with the other CRMP members (49-50%) and also with dihydropyrimidinase (51%), whereas CRMP1-4 exhibit higher identity with each other (68-75%), suggesting that CRMP5 might be categorized into a third subfamily. The mouse CRMP5 gene was located at chromosome 5 B1. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses indicated that CRMP5 is expressed throughout the nervous system similarly to the other members (especially CRMP1 and CRMP4) with the expression peak in the first postnatal week. Association experiments using the yeast two-hybrid method and co-immunoprecipitation showed that CRMP5 interacts with dihydropyrimidinase and all the CRMPs including itself, except for CRMP1, although the expression profile almost overlaps with that of CRMP1 during development. These results suggest that CRMP complexes in the developing nervous system are classifiable into two populations that contain either CRMP1 or CRMP5. This indicates that different complexes may have distinct functions in shaping the neural networks.
The Electronic Nature of the Aglycone dictates the Drive of the Pseudorotational Equilibrium of the Pentofuranose Moiety in C-Nucleosides (1998)

Abstract We herein show for the first time that the specific electronic character of a C-aglycone dictates the thermodynamic preference of the two-state N ⇄ S pseudorotational equilibrium to either N- or S-type sugar. As the electron-deficiency of the C-aglycone increases, a more favourable O4′(n) → σ*(Cl'-C(sp2)) interaction results into anomeric stabilization as indicated by more positive ΔH° for the drive of the N ⇄ S equilibrium to more N-type sugar conformation with pseudoaxial aglycone. Alternatively, as the C-aglycone becomes more electron-rich, an unfavourable O4′(n) → σ*(Cl'-C(sp2)) interaction results into anomeric destabilization as indicated by more negative ΔH° for the drive of the N ⇆ S equilibrium to more S-type sugar conformation with pseudoequatorial aglycone.
A CMOS op amp using a regulated-cascode transimpedance building block for high-gain, low-voltage achievement (2002)

A CMOS, self-biasing, single-supply op amp for low-voltage, high-gain applications is presented. The two-stage op amp includes a transimpedance building block used as a composite load for the input stage. The dc gain of the stage is substantially enhanced thanks to the very high output resistance of the active load. The building block is designed with regulated cascode components and, for bias stabilisation, a technique of replica bias sensing and common-mode feedback. This technique allows the supply voltage lowering to about (2|V/sub T/|+2|V/sub dc, out/|), which determines the minimum supply voltage of the op amp. At V/sub dd//spl ges/1.8 V, major performances of the op amp are: A/sub dc/>115 dB, f/sub T/=9 10/sup 6/ Hz, S/sub R/=8 V//spl mu/s, P/sub dis/=0.55 mW.
A Practical Synthesis of Isotopically Labelled 1-(4-Isothiocyanatophenyl)-4-(t-butyl)-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, a Probe for the Benzodiazepine Receptor Coupled Chloride Ionophore (1991)

An efficient synthesis of high specific activity [ 3 H]1-(4-isothiocyanato-3,5-ditritiophenyl)-4-(t-butyl)-2,6,7-trioxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane([ 3 H]-1), an affinity ligand for the benzodiazepine (BZ)-coupled γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel, was achieved starting with methyl p-aminobenzoate and 3-(t-butyl)-3-oxetanemethanol.
Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline in middle-aged adults (2001)

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were positively associated with cognitive decline over 6 years in this late middle-aged population. Interventions aimed at hypertension or diabetes that begin before age 60 might lessen the burden of cognitive impairment in later life.
Solvents and Solvent Effects:  An Introduction (2006)

Solution chemistry is carried out in solvents, that is in liquids under the conditions of application, which can exert a considerable influence on the properties of the dissolved solute species. A short historical overview on the influence of solvents on chemical processes (equilibria, reaction rates) and physical processes (absorption spectra, crystallization) is presented. The term “solvent polarity” is discussed, and a solvatochromic parameter for its empirical determination is mentioned. A classification of solvents according to their chemical bonds is given, with special attention to supercritical fluids, fluorous solvents, and room temperature ionic liquids as promising new reaction media.
High performance solution-deposited amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin film transistors by oxygen plasma treatment (2012)

Solution-deposited amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) with high performance were fabricated using O2-plasma treatment of the films prior to high temperature annealing. The O2-plasma treatment resulted in a decrease in oxygen vacancy and residual hydrocarbon concentration in the a-IGZO films, as well as an improvement in the dielectric/channel interfacial roughness. As a result, the TFTs with O2-plasma treated a-IGZO channel layers showed three times higher linear field-effect mobility compared to the untreated a-IGZO over a range of processing temperatures. The O2-plasma treatment effectively reduces the required processing temperature of solution-deposited a-IGZO films to achieve the required performance.
An efficient 3-D visualization technique for finite element models and other coarse volumes (1989)

We have developed a technique that extends existing 3-D result visualization methods for use with discretized volumes such as finite element models, where result values are only available at coarsely spaced points throughout the volume. It represents results as smooth isosurfaces within the volume for one or more result values, using visually continuous, bi-cubic polynomials.At each of the points where results are available, result gradients are calculated by a finite difference procedure. The result values and result gradients are used to obtain the location of and the tangents to the isosurfaces on lines connecting the result points. Continuous doubly curved surfaces and surface normals are constructed separately between these discrete isosurface points using bi-cubic polynomials. The isosurfaces are rendered with standard light-source shading and optional levels of translucency, surrounded by translucent free faces of the structure.The method generates isosurfaces on an element-by-element basis, without reference at display time to the behavior of neighboring elements. It is intended for high speed display-time processing of either static or varying isosurface values.
Distribution of deoxyribonuclease I in rat tissues and its correlation to cellular turnover and apoptosis (programmed cell death). (1994)

The expression of deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) in various rat tissues was screened by use of a cDNA-probe of rat parotid DNase I and monospecific polyclonal antibodies. High amounts of DNase I-specific mRNA were found in the parotid gland, kidney and small intestine. Homogenates of these organs also contain elevated levels of DNase I-specific DNA-degrading activity as verified by the zymogram technique and immunoblots. Affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies against rat parotid DNase I were employed in an immunohistochemical study of the cellular distribution of DNase I antigen in rat parotid gland, kidney, small intestine, and a number of stratified epithelia. In the parotid gland the DNase I antigenicity was found to be confined to the secretory cells. Within these cells the secretory granules exhibit the highest immunoreactivity. In contrast, within the small intestine and stratified epithelia we found a preferential localization and concentration of DNase I in cells prone to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death), i.e., within the migrating enterocytes present at the villar tips and the keratinocytes above the basal cell layer. Within the kidney, the cells lining the convoluted distal tubules and collecting ducts exhibit strong DNase I immunoreactivity which was found to often localize perinuclearly. The cells exhibiting chromatin fragmentation were identified on paraffin-embedded sections by in situ end-labeling of free 3'-OH-ends of cleaved DNA using fluorescent dATP or dUTP and terminal transferase. It was found that only a small fraction of the DNase I positive cells showed signs of apoptotic chromatin degradation. Thus only a few enterocytes at the uppermost villar tips and very few keratinocytes underneath the keratinized layer were in situ end-labeled, i.e., exhibited a high concentration of fragmented DNA. This result is taken as evidence that these cells express DNase I in advance of their apoptotic death and furthermore that the actual apoptosis is a rapid process only detectable in a few cells. In contrast, no in situ end-labeled apoptotic nuclei were detected in rat kidney provided that care was taken to rapidly excise and fix this organ.
Chemotherapy dose reduction due to chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant settings: a single-center experience (2014)

The incidence of CIPN-associated dose reduction in our patient population was 17%. African-American patients, diabetics and subjects treated with paclitaxel had a higher risk for CIPN-associated dose reduction in our study.
Phase noise and frequency stability of Ka-band harmonic dielectric resonator oscillators (2002)

Harmonic dielectric resonator oscillators (HDROs) designed for 25 and 27 GHz were fabricated using a two-stage GaAs MESFET amplifier and a passive two-port resonant structure (RS). The RS consists of a metal cavity, an X-band ceramic dielectric resonator, 50 /spl Omega/ microstrip transmission lines, and a support for elevating the dielectric resonator inside the cavity. The electromagnetic behavior of the RS was analyzed using Hewlett-Packard's High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The simulator was used to calculate the electromagnetic fields and S-parameters of the passive RS. Solutions were obtained for the dominant mode. The predicted computer results were then compared to measured data. The material properties of dielectric resonators were obtained from two different vendors and evaluated for low-noise microwave oscillator applications. The important material properties for oscillator applications are the unloaded Q, the temperature coefficient, and the dielectric constant. Measured data for resonators from both vendors are presented. The measured phase noise levels at 27 GHz are a 15-20 dBc/Hz improvement over previously published results for DROs. The oscillator also demonstrated a superior frequency vs. temperature characteristic, over the temperature range /spl plusmn/55/spl deg/C, of less than 40 ppm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of toll-like receptors in human iris pigment epithelial cells and their response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (2014)

Ocular pigment epithelial cells respond to PAMPs through activation of TLRs, particularly TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4. Expression of TLRs in human IPE cells provides a basis for responses to many ocular pathogens and their activation may be involved in the pathogenesis of ocular inflammation.
Selective Anticancer Effect of Phellinus Linteus on Epidermoid Cell Lines Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy: Anticancer Activity on A431 Cancer Cells and Low Toxicity on HaCat Normal Cells (2020)

The research on the morphological and mechanical properties of single cells has provided a crucial way of understanding the cellular physiology and metabolism. In this study, the selective anticancer effects of Phellinus linteus on A431 and HaCat cells and their morphological and mechanical properties were systematically investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Notably, the cell morphology on the micronano scale was observed under both the physiological environment and immobilization conditions. The significant morphological changes of A431 cells from the flat to spherical shape, the increase of cell height, and the decrease of the particles on the cell membrane were confirmed to be related to the cell apoptosis under the treatment of the Phellinus linteus water extract (PLWE). Moreover, the small morphology variations of HaCat cells showed that the PLWE presented a high anticancer effect on A431 cells but low toxicity on HaCat cells, which indicated a potential cell selectivity between cancer and normal cells. This work proved that Phellinus linteus could be used as a <;i>potential candidate<;/i> for selective anticancer treatments.
Two-Step CNN Framework for Text Line Recognition in Camera-Captured Images (2020)

In this paper, we introduce an “on the device” text line recognition framework that is designed for mobile or embedded systems. We consider per-character segmentation as a language-independent problem and individual character recognition as a language-dependent one. Thus, the proposed solution is based on two separate artificial neural networks (ANN) and dynamic programming instead of employing image processing methods for the segmentation step or end-to-end ANN. To satisfy the tight constraints on memory size imposed by embedded systems and to avoid overfitting, we employ ANNs with a small number of trainable parameters. The primary purpose of our framework is the recognition of low-quality images of identity documents with complex backgrounds and a variety of languages and fonts. We demonstrate that our solution shows high recognition accuracy on natural datasets even being trained on purely synthetic data. We use MIDV-500 and Census 1961 Project datasets for text line recognition. The proposed method considerably surpasses the algorithmic method implemented in Tesseract 3.05, the LSTM method (Tesseract 4.00), and unpublished method used in the ABBYY FineReader 15 system. Also, our framework is faster than other compared solutions. We show the language-independence of our segmenter with the experiment with Cyrillic, Armenian, and Chinese text lines.
Cache Clouds: Cooperative Caching of Dynamic Documents in Edge Networks (2005)

Caching on the edge of the Internet is becoming a popular technique to improve the scalability and efficiency of delivering dynamic web content. In this paper we study the challenges in designing a large scale cooperative edge cache network, focusing on mechanisms and methodologies for efficient cooperation among caches to improve the overall performance of the edge cache network. This paper makes three original contributions. First, we introduce the concept of cache clouds, which forms the fundamental framework for cooperation among caches in the edge network. Second, we present dynamic hashing-based protocols for document lookups and updates within each cache cloud, which are not only efficient, but also effective in dynamically balancing lookup and update loads among the caches in the cloud. Third, we outline a utility-based mechanism for placing dynamic documents within a cache cloud. Our experiments indicate that these techniques can significantly improve the performance of the edge cache networks.
Conversion of energy distribution with kaleidoscope in laser processing. Effects of cylindrical pipes. (1990)

In CO2 laser processing, laser beam is converted to have an adequate energy distribution for a processing purpose. This paper describes in both calculation and experiment what energy distributions have been obtained by kaleidoscopes of cylindrical pipes. Calculated without respect to interference, the energy distribution of a single-mode laser beam approaches that of a higher energy concentration on the center of kaleidoscope outlet as its length increases. The calculation with respect to inter ference indicated that interference fringes appear on energy distribution. Cylindrical pipes of which inner diameter is less than hundred times as large as laser wavelength can concentrate the energy on the center of the outlet by utilizing the influence of interference that depend on kaleidoscope length. The same kind of calculation was done for multi-mode laser beam. Calculated without respect to interference, the energy distribution which concentrates the energy on the center of kaleidoscope outlet changes periodically as kaleidoscope length increases. The calculation with respect to interference had the same tendency as that for the single-mode. In experiment, acrylic burn patterns have been made by cylindrical kaleidoscopes of which inner diameters are both more and less hundred times than the laser wavelength in order to verify the conversion of single-mode beam. The experimental result has been in accordance with the calculation with regard to interference.
Capacity Enhancement Using Throw-Boxes in Mobile Delay Tolerant Networks (2006)

Abstract — Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) are a class of emerging networks that are subject to frequent and longduration partitions. Due to intermittent connectivity, DTNs might be significantly limited in supporting application needs, for example, leading to low throughput or high delay. To address this problem, we propose the use of throw-boxes to improve data delivery performance. Throw-boxes are small, inexpensive devices equipped with wireless interfaces and deployed to relay data between mobile nodes. Being small and inexpensive, throwboxes represent a flexible and cost-effective approach to enhance network capacity. In this paper, we systematically study two inter-related issues, namely deployment and routing, in using throw-boxes for throughput enhancement. Specifically, we develop algorithms for throw-box deployment and data forwarding under various routing strategies, including single path, multi-path and epidemic routing. Using extensive ns simulations, we evaluate the utility of throw-boxes and the impact of various routing and deployment strategies on network performance. Our objective is to guide the design and operations of throw-box-enhanced DTNs. We find that throw-boxes are very effective in improving both data delivery ratio and delay, especially for multi-path routing and environments with regular node movement. I.
Innovations in Collective Bargaining: NUMMI - Driven to Excellence (1996)

NUMMI, New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc., has surely accomplished one of the most remarkable transformations in the annals of U.S. manufacturing.'In 1982, General Motors Corp. ("GM") closed its twenty year old automobile production plant in Fremont, California.This plant was renowned for the militancy of its unionized workforce, represented by Local 1364 of the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America ("UAW").The Fremont operations were characterized by extreme