gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supporting learners in a remote CSCL environment (1997)

This paper describes novel research in the area of remote Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL). A multi-media activity (Builder) was designed to allow a pair of players to build a house together, each working from their own computer. Features of the activity include: interactive graphical interface, two- and three-dimensional views, sound feedback, and real-time written and spoken communication. Mathematical concepts, including area, perimeter, volume, and tiling of surfaces, are embedded in the task. A field study with 134 elementary school children was undertaken to assess the learning and collaborative potential of the activity. Specifically the study addressed how different modes of communication and different task directives affected learning, interpersonal attitudes, and the perceived value and enjoyment of the task. It was found that playing led to academic gains in the target math areas, and that the nature of how the task was specified significantly impacted the size of the gains. The mode of communication was found to affect attitudes towards the game and the player's partner. Gender differences were found in attitude to game, communication and partner.
Data warehousing alternatives for mobile environments (1999)

With rapid advancement in technology, mobile devices are increasingly becomino the norm. These devices are char-P acterized by their need to operate even when they are disconnected from the fixed non-mobile world. Since existing software technology is tuned to applications that operate in a fully connected world, this requirement of disconnected 6peration creates a need to adapt existing software technology to a partially disconnected world.
A Novel Reconfigurable Robot for Urban Search and Rescue (2006)

This paper presents a novel mobile robot for urban search and rescue based on reconfiguration. The system consists of three identical modules; actually each module is an entire robotic system that can perform distributed activities. To achieve highly adaptive locomotion capabilities, the robot's serial and parallel mechanisms form an active joint, enabling it to change its shape in three dimensions. A docking mechanism enables adjacent modules to connect or disconnect flexibly and automatically. This mechanical structure and the control system are introduced in detail, followed by a description of the locomotion capabilities. In the end, the successful on-site tests confirm the principles described above and the robot's ability.
Anthrax vaccines: present status and future prospects (2013)

The management of anthrax remains a top priority among the biowarfare/bioterror agents. It was the Bacillus anthracis spore attack through the US mail system after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the USA that highlighted the potential of B. anthracis as a bioterrorism agent and the threat posed by its deliberate dissemination. These attacks invigorated the efforts toward understanding the anthrax pathogenesis and development of more comprehensive medical intervention strategies for its containment in case of both natural disease and manmade, accidental or deliberate infection of a non-suspecting population. Currently, efforts are directed toward the development of safe and efficacious vaccines as well as intervention tools for controlling the disease in the advanced fulminant stage when toxemia has already developed. This work presents an overview of the current understanding of anthrax pathogenesis and recent advances made, particularly after 2001, for the successful management of anthrax and outlines future perspectives.
Investigating the cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing effects of monoterpenoid stylosin in vitro (2011)

The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and anticancer activities of stylosin, a monoterpene extracted from an edible plant, Ferula ovina, on 5637 and HFF3 cells using MTT and comet assays and DAPI staining. To assess stylosin effects, cells were cultured in the presence of various concentrations of stylosin during three days; the IC(50) of stylosin on cancerous 5637 cells was less than its value on HFF3 normal cells, indicating that it might have anticancer properties. Investigating the mechanism of stylosin action revealed that it quickly induced DNA lesions and increased the number of apoptotic cells.
Genetic analysis of blood pressure and sodium balance in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1986)

Blood pressure and parameters of sodium balance were measured during the first 16 weeks of life in male Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, n = 22), Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n = 25), and the F1 (n = 27) and F2 (n = 81) hybrids of the SHR and WKY. Genetic analysis revealed that blood pressure in SHR was controlled by approximately four independent genetic loci and the degree of genetic determination was 64.5%. No difference in blood pressure was discernible before 12 weeks of age between those F2 rats that at 16 weeks had blood pressures either higher or lower than one standard deviation from the mean. Exchangeable sodium was measured sequentially in individual rats of all populations by determining their whole-body radioactivity while receiving 37.5 mM 22Na/23NaCl drinking fluid of constant specific activity as their sole source of sodium. The SHR had consistently higher exchangeable sodium levels than WKY and showed evidence of relative sodium retention during the early developmental phase of hypertension. Sodium intake was higher in SHR than WKY from 4 to 16 weeks of age, although saline preference was the same in both strains. None of these parameters of sodium balance were found to correlate with blood pressure in the F2 population. It is concluded that the heritable abnormalities of sodium balance in SHR appear to represent coincidental inbred characteristics controlled by genetic loci that are unrelated to those loci responsible for the expression of hypertension in this model.
In-tool process control for advanced patterning based on integrated metrology and tool-level data stream analysis (2004)

Advanced Process Control (APC) and Advanced Equipment Control (AEC) which has come to the foreground with current design nodes is expected that the 65nm node requires implementation of both. The main goal has been to improve overall fab efficiency (OEF) with better tool utilization. This paper has described the necessary aspects of process control to reduce variance by utilizing the tool-level data for both AEC and APC that were available with leading edge etch systems. In terms of AEC, the tool-level data can be analyzed for various important applications including chamber baselining, chamber matching, process monitoring, wafer state monitoring and process optimization. With regards to APC the use of tool-level metrology and process information can be used to control and improve the on-wafer performance and to achieve the tight tolerances for advanced fabrication.
Dendrimers based on [1,3,5]‐triazines (2006)

A comprehensive and chronological account of dendrimers based on [1,3,5]-triazines is provided. Synthetic strategies to install the triazine through cycloaddition, cyclotrimerization, and nucleophilic aromatic substitution of cyanuric chloride are discussed. Motivations and applications of these architectures are surveyed, including the preparation of supra-molecular assemblies in the solution and solid states and their use in medicines, advanced materials, and separations when anchored to solid supports.
RNA-Seq Reveals Enhanced Sugar Metabolism in Streptococcus mutans Co-cultured with Candida albicans within Mixed-Species Biofilms (2017)

Early childhood caries (ECC), which can lead to rampant tooth-decay that is painful and costly to treat, is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases affecting children worldwide. Previous studies support that interactions between <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> are associated with the pathogenesis of ECC. The presence of <i>Candida</i> enhances <i>S. mutans</i> growth, fitness and accumulation within biofilms <i>in vitro</i>, although the molecular basis for these behaviors is undefined. Using an established co-cultivation biofilm model and RNA-Seq, we investigated how <i>C. albicans</i> influences the transcriptome of <i>S. mutans</i>. The presence of <i>C. albicans</i> dramatically altered gene expression in <i>S. mutans</i> in the dual-species biofilm, resulting in 393 genes differentially expressed, compared to mono-species biofilms of <i>S. mutans</i>. By Gene Ontology analysis, the majority of up-regulated genes were related to carbohydrate transport and metabolic/catabolic processes. KEGG pathway impact analysis showed elevated pyruvate and galactose metabolism, suggesting that co-cultivation with <i>C. albicans</i> influences carbohydrate utilization by <i>S. mutans</i>. Analysis of metabolites confirmed the increases in carbohydrate metabolism, with elevated amounts of formate in the culture medium of co-cultured biofilms. Moreover, co-cultivation with <i>C. albicans</i> altered transcription of <i>S. mutans</i> signal transduction (<i>comC</i> and <i>ciaRH</i>) genes associated with fitness and virulence. Interestingly, the expression of genes for mutacins (bacteriocins) and CRISPR were down-regulated. Collectively, the data provide a comprehensive insight into <i>S. mutans</i> transcriptomic changes induced by <i>C. albicans</i>, and offer novel insights into how bacterial-fungal interactions may enhance the severity of dental caries.
Java server benchmarks (2000)

The Java™ platform has the potential to revolutionize computing, with its promise of “write once, run anywhere”™ development. However, in order to realize this potential, Java applications must demonstrate satisfactory performance. Rapid progress has been made in addressing Java performance, although most of the initial efforts have targeted Java client applications. To make a significant impact in network computing, server applications written in the Java language, or those using Java extensions, frameworks, or components, must exhibit a competitive level of performance. One obstacle to obtaining this goal has been the lack of well-defined, server-specific, Java benchmarks. This paper helps address this shortcoming by defining representative Java server benchmarks. These benchmarks represent server application areas, including Web-based dynamic content delivery (servlets), business object frameworks, and multitier transactional data acquisition. Where applicable, we present benchmarks written using both the Java programming model (i.e., servlets) and the legacy model (i.e., the Common Gateway Interface) for direct comparisons of delivered performance. We also present performance measurements and analysis from multiple IBM server platforms, including both uniprocessor and multiprocessor systems.
Three-dimensional maps of grain boundaries and the stress state of individual grains in polycrystals and powders (2001)

A fast and non-destructive method for generating three-dimensional maps of the grain boundaries in undeformed polycrystals is presented. The method relies on tracking of micro-focused high-energy X-rays. It is verified by comparing an electron microscopy map of the orientations on the 2.5 × 2.5 mm surface of an aluminium polycrystal with tracking data produced at the 3DXRD microscope at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The average difference in grain boundary position between the two techniques is 26 µm, comparable with the spatial resolution of the 3DXRD microscope. As another extension of the tracking concept, algorithms for determining the stress state of the individual grains are derived. As a case study, 3DXRD results are presented for the tensile deformation of a copper specimen. The strain tensor for one embedded grain is determined as a function of load. The accuracy on the strain is Δ∊ ≃ 10 −4 .
Fates of human B-cell precursors (2000)

Development of mammalian B-lineage cells is characterized by progression through a series of checkpoints defined primarily by rearrangement and expression of immunoglobulin genes. Progression through these checkpoints is also influenced by stromal cells in the microenvironment of the primary tissues wherein B-cell development occurs, ie, fetal liver and bone marrow and adult bone marrow. This review focuses on the developmental biology of human bone marrow B-lineage cells, including perturbations that contribute to the origin and evolution of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia and primary immunodeficiency diseases characterized by agammaglobulinemia. Recently described in vitro and in vivo models that support development and expansion of human B-lineage cells through multiple checkpoints provide new tools for identifying the bone marrow stromal cell-derived molecules necessary for survival and proliferation. Mutations in genes encoding subunits of the pre-B cell receptor and molecules involved in pre-B cell receptor signaling culminate in X-linked and non-X-linked agammaglobulinemia. A cardinal feature of these immunodeficiencies is an apparent apoptotic sensitivity of B-lineage cells at the pro-B to pre-B transition. On the other end of the spectrum is the apoptotic resistance that accompanies the development of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia, potentially a reflection of genetic abnormalities that subvert normal apoptotic programs. The triad of laboratory models that mimic the bone marrow microenvironment, immunodeficiency diseases with specific defects in B-cell development, and B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia can now be integrated to deepen our understanding of human B-cell development.
Rapid protein fragment search using hash functions based on the Fourier transform (1997)

This paper presents a novel method for searching for similar fragments of proteins. In this method, a hash vector (a vector of real numbers) is associated with each fixed-length fragment of three-dimensional protein structure. Each vector consists of low-frequency components of the Fourier-like spectrum for the distances between C alpha atoms and the centroid. Then, we can analyze the similarity between fragments by evaluating the difference between hash vectors. The novel aspect of the method is that the following property is proved theoretically: if the root mean square distance between two fragments is small, then the distance between the hash vectors is small. Several variants of this method were compared with a naive method and a previous method using PDB data. The results show that the fastest one among the variants is 18-80 times faster than the naive method, and 3-10 times faster than the previous method.
Effects of acute and chronic angiotensin receptor blockade on myocardial vascular blood volume and perfusion in a pig model of coronary microembolization (2000)

Based on the reduction of ischemic cardiac events in clinical trials and experimental observations, inhibition of the effects of angiotensin II on coronary microcirculatory function may afford myocardial protection after injury. The immediate effects of intracoronary AT1 receptor blockade with irbesartan were examined in a pig model in the healthy myocardium and in acute ischemia induced by injection of 30-microm microspheres into the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Electron-beam computed tomography was performed for in-vivo quantitative measurements of regional intramyocardial vascular blood volume (V(B)) and perfusion (F(M)), as well as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and muscle mass. Ratios of V(B) and F(M) in the anterior (LAD-supplied)/ inferior (control) myocardium were generated. At baseline, 0.2 mg/kg irbesartan injected into the LAD increased V(B) and F(M) ratios significantly by 27 +/- 8% and 51 +/- 13%, respectively. After anterior coronary microembolization, V(B) and F(M) ratios were 0.60 +/- 0.05 and 0.51 +/- 0.05, respectively, and were significantly increased by irbesartan (by 24 +/- 10% and by 36 +/- 11%, respectively). After 4 weeks of treatment with oral irbesartan (n = 7) or placebo (n = 7), an improved LVEF (56 +/- 4% v 44 +/- 4%, P = .046) was observed in irbesartan-treated animals, but no difference in LV end-diastolic volumes or muscle mass. Resting V(B) (0.95 +/- 0.06 v 0.76 +/- 0.06; P = .047) and F(M) (0.84 +/- 0.05 v 0.64 +/- 0.04; P = .016) ratios were significantly greater in irbesartan-treated animals. Using adenosine, there was a trend for higher V(B) and F(M) ratios in irbesartan- v placebo-treated animals. Therefore, in a pig model of acute myocardial ischemia, AT1 receptor blockade by irbesartan induced microvascular vasodilation and, ostensibly, conveyed myocardial protection. Long-term treatment with irbesartan resulted in moderate enhancements of resting V(B) and F(M) compared with placebo, suggesting a role for coronary microcirculatory effects of chronic AT1 receptor blockade in preserving LVEF.
Lysozyme and cancer: role of exogenous lysozyme as anticancer agent (review). (1989)

The use of lysozyme preparations in the treatment of tumor diseases is based on more than 30 years' experience, using different methodologies and showing various results from which suggestions on the mechanism of action were derived. Lysozymes have no established place in the treatment of human tumors in spite of some interesting findings described in some reports. Nevertheless, many studies have confirmed the tumor-inhibitory activity of lysozyme treatment in a number of experimental tumors. The first half of the sixties saw increased attention on the part of scientists to the antitumor activity of lysozyme in many in vivo experimental systems of animal tumors. All of them emphasized tumor inhibitory effects after administration of lysozyme by various routes including admixture with tumor cells, peritumor and intratumor treatments, or indirectly by systemic injections and oral treatment. From these observations, at least two possible mechanisms of action can be derived, both involving the activation of the immune reactivity of the host. Lysozyme can directly activate immune cells or it can increase tumor cell immunogenicity. Alternatively, lysozyme can liberate substances from bacteria (peptidoglycans and/or polyribopyrimidinic acids) responsible for immunopotentiation and therefore antitumor activity. The present work will focus on the possibilities offered by the use of lysozyme(s) in cancer management, citing the evidence to be found in the literature with the aim of contributing to a better understanding of the activity and the role of lysozyme in the treatment of neoplastic diseases.
Staphylococcus aureus carriage rate of patients receiving long-term hemodialysis. (1978)

We studied the carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus in patients receiving long-term hemodialysis and also noted the incidence of shunt infections, bacteremia, and septicemia in colonized patients. Thirty-one of 50 patients (62%) carried S aureus in the nose, throat, or on the skin, of whom 20 patients developed shunt infections; nine infections resulted in episodes of bacteremia. Patients with chronic renal failure not undergoing hemodialysis had a 21% carriage rate. Thus, there is a high carriage rate of S aureus in asymptomatic patients receiving hemodialysis that is probably related to an increased incidence of shunt infections and bacteremia.
Miltefosine, an Oral Agent, for the Treatment of Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis (1999)

Orally administered miltefosine appears to be an effective treatment for Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
Materials and Fabrication Strategies for Biocompatible and Biodegradable Conductive Polymer Composites toward Bio‐Integrated Electronic Systems (2021)

Abstract Biocompatible and biodegradable polymer composite systems equipped with electrical/mechanical functions have been researched as a tool that can be applicable for bio‐integrated electronics to obtain a variety of useful information, through formation of reliable interfaces with soft, non‐planar skin and organs in the human body. Although previous review articles have explored various types of organic materials (natural/synthetic polymers), including intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) as constituent materials for such composites, there has been a lack of consideration of inorganic materials, which may narrow the scope of material options for diverse electrical/functional properties. Indeed, biocompatible and/or biodegradable inorganic elements exhibit high electrical conductivity, various morphologies for effective percolation networks, cytocompatibility, soft mechanical characteristics compared to ICPs, and many functions such as magnetism, photoluminescence, and electrochemical reactivity. This review introduces recent advances in biologically safe and biodegradable conductive polymer composites, including materials selection, relevant fabrication strategies, and various potential applications, aimed at revealing the potential applicability of inorganic elements in conductive composites, which has not been discussed in other reviews. Finally, it concludes with remarks on key issues and challenges to overcome corrosion and oxidation issues of inorganic metals and to improve the electrical performance of composite systems.
Adequacy of "hot biopsy" for the treatment of diminutive polyps: a prospective randomized trial. (1989)

Patients with diminutive polyps in the rectum or sigmoid colon were randomized to "hot biopsy" treatment for either 1) electrocautery for 2 s (fixed duration cautery) or 2) cautery until visible necrosis of the polyp base was evident (variable duration cautery). Sigmoidoscopy was performed 4 wk after treatment to determine the adequacy of polyp eradication. In the fixed duration cautery group, 11 of 21 polyps (52%) were eradicated, compared with 12 of 14 polyps (86%) in the variable duration cautery group (p = 0.04). When analyzed according to whether or not visible necrosis was achieved (some of the polyps in the fixed duration cautery group showed necrosis with 2 s cautery), 19 of 23 polyps (83%) were eradicated when necrosis was evident, compared to 5 of 12 (42%) without necrosis (p = 0.004). We conclude that hot biopsy treatment for diminutive polyps is significantly more effective when visible necrosis is achieved during cautery. Furthermore, even with visible necrosis, there is a 17% failure rate of polyp eradication.
Tioga-2: a direct manipulation database visualization environment (2002)

The paper reports on user experience with Tioga, a DBMS centric visualization tool developed at Berkeley. Based on this experience, we have designed Tioga-2 as a direct manipulation system that is more powerful and much easier to program. A detailed design of the revised system is presented, together with an extensive example of its application.
Design and control of fault-tolerant permanent magnet machines (2013)

This paper discusses design and control techniques for fault tolerant permanent-magnet (PM) machines that are suitable for applications where safety is of paramount importance. Back-EMF based design and analysis approach for a multiphase air-core linear motor has been presented in this paper. Apart from the design approach, fault tolerant techniques for current control in both time and frequency domains have also been discussed. In time domain, an iterative learning based control method is also presented and is found to be very robust. Both open-circuit and short-circuit fault tolerant operation have been discussed in this paper.