gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial activity of five essential oils against origin strains of the <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> family (2005)

An in vitro assay measuring the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Coridothymus capitatus (Spanish origanum), Satureja montana, Thymus mastichina (Spanish Origanum majorana), Thymus zygis (Spanish variety of Thymus vulgaris) and Origanum vulgare has been carried out against poultry origin strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella essen, and pig origin strains of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella typhimurium. Using the broth microdilution method, all the essential oils showed an MIC > or = 2% (v/v) for the two strains of E. coli. The essential oil that showed the highest antimicrobial activity against the four strains of Salmonella was Origanum vulgare (MIC < or = 1% v/v), followed by Thymus zygis (MIC < or =2% v/v). Thymus mastichina inhibited all the microorganisms at the highest concentration, 4% (v/v), while the rest of the essential oils showed highly variable results. By chemotyping, higher inhibitory capacity was observed in the oils with a higher percentage of phenolic components (carvacrol and thymol) in comparison with oils containing the monoterpenic alcohol linalool. The results of this work confirm the antimicrobial activity of some essential oils, as well as their potential application in the treatment and prevention of poultry and pig diseases caused by salmonella.
Specimen holder for energy dispersive x-ray analysis in the transmission electron microscope (1975)

A specimen holder constructed of magnesium and poly-methyl-methacrylate for use in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) is described which can be used for energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The holder is designed to eliminate unwanted detectable x-ray radiation from the body of the holder and to permit EDS analysis with only a 3 ° sample tilt toward the x-ray detector. The specimen holder incorporates two tilt axes which allow examination of materials for both EDS and TEM analysis simultaneously.
Syntheses of Phencyclone Analogues. Applications for NMR Studies of Hindered Rotations and Magnetic Anisotropy in Crowded Diels–Alder Adducts (2001)

Undergraduate organic chemistry special laboratory projects based upon the synthesis of phencyclone, 1 (a potent Diels–Alder diene), and the preparation of a series of highly hindered Diels–Alder adducts of the phencyclone, were described earlier. Details of the synthesis of an analogue of 1 are presented here as an extension of these projects. The analogue, 3,6-dibromophencyclone, 2, and adducts from a wide range of dienophiles, can be prepared by undergraduate organic chemistry students. These adducts (from 1 or 2) are eminently suitable for student characterization by NMR to examine aspects of hindered rotation, magnetic anisotropy, and dynamic NMR spectroscopy, using modern one- and two-dimensional multinuclear methods with a medium-field instrument (7 T), to observe 1H, 13C, and 19F. Use of 2 effectively doubles the range of potential target compounds for students. The Diels–Alder adducts (and their precursors) have been studied by molecular modeling methods. This present paper describes the reaction of 2 with 4, the dienophile N-(4-dimethylamino-3,5-dinitrophenyl)maleimide (“Tuppy’s maleimide”), to form the adduct 5. Compound 5 has been well-characterized by 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR, and is illustrative of the wide range of adducts that can be made from 2 by students. The structure of 5, as determined by geometry optimization at the semiempirical (AM-1) level, is included here.
An <i>in vivo</i> model for dissociating α <sub>2</sub> - and DA <sub>2</sub> -adrenoceptor activity in an ocular adnexa: Utility of the cat nictitating membrane preparation (1984)

Recent reports from this laboratory indicate that dopamine (DA2) agonists can lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits, monkeys and rats. This communication suggests that the cat nictitating membrane (CNM) preparation is a useful model for localizing the site(s) and mechanism(s) of action of dopamine (DA2) agonists and that this model can be used to discriminate between alpha 2 and DA2 activity. This in vivo preparation consists of indirect (neuronal)- and direct (agonist)-induced activation of the CNM by: 1) pre- and postganglionic stimulation of sympathetic nerves and 2) injection of norepinephrine (NEPI) into the external carotid artery (i.a.). A variety of DA2-agonists (ergolines, azepines, aminotetralins, aporphines) can cause dose-dependent depression of neuronally mediated contractions with minimal effects on contractions elicited by NEPI i.a. Characteristically, DA2-agonists depressed contractions elicited by low frequency (2 & 4 Hz) stimulation more than high frequency (6 & 8 Hz) stimulation. For example, the inhibitory effects of an ergoline derivative LY141865 on neuronally mediated contractions of the CNM could be reversed (or prevented) by relatively selective DA2 antagonists, such as sulpiride and domperidone, but not by relatively selective alpha 2-antagonists, such as yohimbine and rauwolscine. Interestingly, alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists, such as clonidine and xylazine, caused less depression of nerve-stimulated responses than did DA2-agonists at the same dose. This modest suppression by alpha 2-agonists could be inhibited by yohimbine but not by sulpiride or domperidone. These results with the CNM document the presence of DA2 receptors on sympathetic neurons innervating an ocular adnexa and demonstrate a model for dissociating DA2 from alpha 2 activity.
Ultrahigh Speed Electron Beam Pulsing Systems For Electron Beam Testing (1988)

Measurement of high speed waveforms within operating integrated circuits presents a major challenge to design engineers. Electron beam testing techniques are well suited to the task due to their essentially non-loading properties. A number of such systems are briefly reviewed and their properties and drawbacks outlined. In addition, a recently developed system is described which overcomes some of the difficulties encountered with previous implementations.
Design and performance of a reconfigurable liquid-crystal-based optical add/drop multiplexer (2006)

The authors describe a reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer designed for 50-GHz channel spacing over either the C- or L-bands. The system may also function as a variable optical attenuator. The design features a reflective liquid-crystal modulator, a compact free-space spectrometer, polarization diversity, and fine-scale attenuation control.
Preliminary study on dynamic control of flood limited level of reservoir (2012)

Dynamic control of the flood limit water level is one of the key research topics in water conservancy field. This method is based on dynamic control of flood limited level of new concept, analysis of rainfall, flood forecast information availability, identification of reservoir flood limit water level dynamic control domain, and studied based on the comprehensive information of the reservoir water level dynamic control. The study on dynamic control of flood limit water level is conducive to the improvement of the current operation mode of reservoir, without losing the function of flood control to give full play to the potential of reservoir benefit, effectively solve the contradiction between flood control and the interest, increase the utilization ratio of water resources, provide the basis for sustainable development of water resources. This paper takes Geheyan reservoir as the object of study, systematic study of Qingjiang reservoir flood limit water level dynamic control domain, and the analysis of risks and benefits of dynamic control scheme, designed to fully confirm the superiority and feasibility of dynamic control of flood limited level of reservoir.
Admission control for variable bit rate traffic using variable service interval in IEEE 802.11e WLANs (2005)

The IEEE 802.11 working group is currently working on the standard IEEE 802.11e and introduces the hybrid coordination function (HCF) to provide better QoS support to real-time traffic. A reference design of simple scheduling and admission control algorithm is proposed in a TGe consensus proposal. However, this scheduling and admission control unit only consider the mean data rate and mean packet size. The rate and packet size variation are not taken into account. Thus, it is only efficient to CBR traffic and the packet loss rate of VBR traffic may be very high. In W. F. Fan et al. (Aug. 2004), we analyzed the packet loss rate of the reference scheme and proposed a new method to determine the effective TXOP duration for admission control so that the packet loss rate of VBR flows can be guaranteed. In both reference and our proposed scheme, all stations use fixed schedule service interval (SI) which is the minimum of all maximum service interval of all admitted flows. Thus, maximum packet delay of all stations is limited by the most stringent SI and some traffic with larger delay bound may be over-guaranteed. Also, the efficiency of the admission control scheme in W. F. Fan et al. (Aug. 2004), becomes lower than that of the reference one. We extend our admission control scheme by using variable service interval to improve the efficiency about 20% - 30% and avoid over guarantee on packet delay. Also, the packet loss rate of VBR traffic can be guaranteed.
Impact of Handwashing on Mortality in Intensive Care: Examination of the Evidence (1994)

Our highest priority should be to increase compliance with hand hygiene guidelines. It is food for thought that in several studies the group with the lowest compliance in intensive care settings is intensive care physicians. It is a reasonable assumption that they are role models for the rest of the ICU staff. Studies on practical and efficient means to increase compliance with hand hygiene guidelines and to influence behavior surely are needed more than are elaborate and sophisticated studies on the effects of handwashing.
New polymeric material containing the tricyanovinylcarbazole group for photorefractive applications (1992)

We report on the synthesis and characterization of a new, completely polymeric material with a large electro-optic coefficient and photoconductivity. A methacrylic ester polymer containing the tricyanovinylcarbazole group with an alkylene spacer was synthesized. With 49 mW laser power, the photoconductivity of the polymer is 9.8×10−10 Ω−1 cm−1 at an applied electric field of 1.4×106 V/cm. Its electro-optic coefficient is 6.1 pm/V. The quantum efficiency of photocarrier generation and the photorefractive figure of merit were calculated. This electro-optic polymer is photoconductive and has photocarrier trap sites without any added sensitizer or photocarrier transport reagent, making it a suitable candidate for photorefractive applications.
HTML5 Solutions: Essential Techniques for HTML5 Developers (2011)

has been passionate about informatics since he was little more than a child and used to program games in BASIC for the Commodore 64
Satellite-enabled LTE systems in LEO constellations (2017)

LTE-based satellite systems in LEO constellations are a promising solution for extending broadband coverage to areas not connected to a terrestrial infrastructure. However, the large delays and Doppler shifts over the satellite channel pose severe technical challenges to a traditional LTE system. In this paper, two architectures are proposed for a LEO mega-constellation realizing a satellite-enabled LTE system, in which the on-ground LTE entity is either an eNB (Sat-eNB) or a Relay Node (Sat-RN). Focusing on the latter, the impact of large delays and Doppler shifts on LTE PHY/MAC procedures is discussed and assessed. It will be shown that, while carrier spacings, Random Access, and RN attach procedures do not pose specific issues, HARQ requires substantial modifications. Moreover, advanced handover procedures will be also required due to the satellites' movement.
External urethral sphincter activity in a rat model of pudendal nerve injury (2006)

Our results indicate that pudendal nerve transection in rats decreases urethral outlet resistance and causes striated muscle atrophy in the EUS, EUS-EMG abnormalities and inefficient voiding. The results demonstrate that BPNT is a durable model for SUI.
Multigram codes (Corresp.) (1982)

A multigram code is a list of codewords for multigrams (of various lengths) belonging to a set <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> . Three interrelated problems require designing a good set <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> , good codewords, and a good strategy for dissecting messages into multigrams of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> . Focus is placed on the dissection strategy and applications to English.
<title>Fluorescence-based fiber optic temperature sensor for aerospace applications</title> (1991)

Increasing levels of electromagnetic interference (EMI) coupled with the increasing use of composite materials on aircraft have created awareness and concern for susceptibility and weight of existing shielded electronics. Optical sensing techniques offer a solution due to their inherent immunity to EMI. Rosemount Inc.’s Aerospace Division has been developing an optical temperature sensor designed for aircraft and engine environments based on the fluorescent time rate of decay (TRD) principle.
Long-term subthalamic nucleus stimulation improves sensorimotor integration and proprioception (2013)

Chronic STN DBS in PD normalises sensorimotor integration and proprioception, likely through long-term plastic changes in the basal ganglia thalamocortical circuit.
Combined Synchrotron XRD/Raman Measurements: <i>In Situ</i> Identification of Polymorphic Transitions during Crystallization Processes (2010)

A combination of two analytical methods, time-resolved X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, is presented as a novel tool for crystallization studies. An acoustic levitator was employed as sample environment. This setup enables the acquisition of XRD and Raman data in situ simultaneously within a 20 s period and hence permits investigation of polymorphic phase transitions during the crystallization process in different solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, dichloromethane, acetonitrile). These real time measurements allow the determination of the phase content from the onset of the first crystalline molecular assemblies to the stable system. To evaluate the capability of this approach, the setup was applied to elucidate the crystallization process of the polymorphic compound nifedipine. The results indicate the existence of solvent-dependent transient phases during the crystallization process. The quality of the data allowed the assignment of the lattice constants of the hitherto unknown crystal structure of the beta-polymorph.
Association of the ???1438 G/A and 102 T/C Polymorphism of the 5-Ht2A Receptor Gene with Irritable Bowel Syndrome 5-Ht2A Gene Polymorphism in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (2004)

This study suggests that the patients with homozygote C allele of the 102 T/C polymorphisms or homozygote A allele of the -1438 G/A polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene, have a high risk of IBS. On the other hand, T/T genotype of 102 T/C polymorphism may be associated with more severe pain in patient with IBS.
Motion adaptive x-ray therapy: a feasibility study (2000)

Intrafraction motion caused by breathing requires increased treatment margins for chest and abdominal radiotherapy and may lead to 'motion artefacts' in dose distributions during intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Technologies such as gated radiotherapy may significantly increase the treatment time, while breath-hold techniques may be poorly tolerated by pulmonarily compromised patients. A solution that allows reduced margins and dose distribution artefacts, without compromising delivery time, is to synchronously follow the target motion by adapting the x-ray beam using a dynamic multileaf collimator (MLC), i.e. motion adaptive x-ray therapy, or MAX-T for short. Though the target is moving with time, in the MAX-T beam view the target is static. The MAX-T method superimposes the target motion due to respiration onto the beam originally planned for delivery. Thus during beam delivery the beam is dynamically changing position with respect to the isocentre using a dynamic MLC, the leaf positions of which are dependent upon the target position. Synchronization of the MLC motion and target motion occurs using respiration gated radiotherapy equipment. The concept and feasibility of MAX-T and the capability of the treatment machine to deliver such a treatment were investigated by performing measurements for uniform and IMRT fields using a mechanical sinusoidal oscillator to simulate target motion. Target dose measurements obtained using MAX-T for a moving target were found to be equivalent to those delivered to a static target by a static beam.
A Mechanical Approach for Smooth Surface Fitting to Delineate Vessel Walls in Optical Coherence Tomography Images (2018)

Automated analysis of vascular imaging techniques is limited by the inability to precisely determine arterial borders. Intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers unprecedented detail of artery wall structure and composition, but does not provide consistent visibility of the outer border of the vessel due to the limited penetration depth. Existing interpolation and surface fitting methods prove insufficient to accurately fill the gaps between the irregularly spaced and sometimes unreliably identified visible segments of the vessel outer border. This paper describes an intuitive, efficient, and flexible new method of 3D surface fitting and smoothing suitable for this task. An anisotropic linear-elastic mesh is fit to irregularly spaced and uncertain data points corresponding to visible segments of vessel borders, enabling the fully automated delineation of the entire inner and outer borders of diseased vessels in OCT images for the first time. In a clinical dataset, the proposed smooth surface fitting approach had great agreement when compared with human annotations: areas differed by just 11 ± 11% (0.93 ± 0.84 mm<sup>2</sup>), with a coefficient of determination of 0.89. Overlapping and non-overlapping area ratios were 0.91 and 0.18, respectively, with a sensitivity of 90.8 and specificity of 99.0. This spring mesh method of contour fitting significantly outperformed all alternative surface fitting and interpolation approaches tested. The application of this promising proposed method is expected to enhance clinical intervention and translational research using OCT.
Site‐Specific DNA‐Controlled Fusion of Single Lipid Vesicles to Supported Lipid Bilayers (2010)

We investigate the Ca(2+)-triggered fusion of lipid vesicles site-selectively tethered to a DNA-modified supported lipid bilayer array, with the DNA strands designed such that hybridization occurs in a zipperlike fashion. Prior to the addition of Ca(2+), which is observed to induce docking and subsequent fusion (within 200 ms), the vesicles display lateral mobility determined by the number of tethers. Fusion is observed to require around ten DNA strands per vesicle, but does not occur at higher DNA coverage. However, despite the fact that fusion was restricted to occurring for vesicles tethered with around ten DNA strands, there is no correlation between single-vesicle diffusivity and fusogenicity. A possible scenario for the DNA-induced fusion machinery, consistent with these observations, is that prior to Ca(2+)-induced docking, the vesicles diffuse with a small number (2-4) of DNA tethers. Upon addition of Ca(2+), the vesicles dock, presumably due to bridging of lipid head groups. Fusion then occurs under conditions where 10-16 DNA tethers form and rearrange at the rim of the contact region between a docked vesicle and the SLB. The time required for this rearrangement, which may include both DNA hybridization and dehybridization during zipping, is expected to represent the observed docking and fusion time of less than 200 ms.
Formation of liquid-core capsules having a thin hydrogel membrane: liquid pearls (2010)

We report an experimental investigation on the formation of liquid-core capsules having a thin hydrogel elastic membrane, named ‘liquid pearls’. These fish-egg-like structures are initially made of a millimetric liquid drop, aqueous or not, coated with an aqueous liquid film containing sodium alginate that gels once the double drop enters a calcium chloride bath. The creation of such pearls with a micrometer-thick membrane requires the suppression of mixing until gelling takes place. Here, we show that superimposing a two-dimensional surfactant precipitation at the interface confers a transient rigidity that can damp the shear-induced instability at impact. Based on this, pearls containing almost any type of liquid can be created. This opens the possibility to use such structures as a new tool for screening microorganism survival and growth in various three-dimensional environments.
DNA Repair by Homologous Recombination, But Not by Nonhomologous End Joining, Is Elevated in Breast Cancer Cells (2009)

Aberrant double-stranded break (DSB) repair leads to genomic instability, which is a hallmark of malignant cells. Double-stranded breaks are repaired by two pathways: homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous DNA end joining (NHEJ). It is not known whether these repair pathways are affected in sporadic breast tumors. Here, we examined the efficiency of HR and NHEJ repair in a panel of sporadic breast cancer cell lines and tested whether the efficiency of HR or NHEJ correlates with radioresistance. Homologous recombination and NHEJ in breast cancer cells were analyzed using in vivo fluorescent assays. Unexpectedly, our analysis revealed that the efficiency of HR is significantly elevated in breast cancer cells compared with normal mammary epithelial cells. In contrast, the efficiency of NHEJ in breast cancer cells is not different from normal cells. Overall, breast cancer cells were more sensitive to radiation than normal cells, but the levels of resistance did not correlate with either HR or NHEJ efficiency. Thus, we demonstrate that sporadic breast cancers are not associated with a deficiency in DSB repair, but rather with upregulation of the HR pathway. Our finding of elevated HR in sporadic breast cancer cell lines suggests that therapies directed against the components of HR will be highly tumor-specific.
Oxidizer Size Distribution Effects on Propellant Combustion (1979)

The effect of the oxidizer size and size distribution on the pressure and temperature sensitivity for a nonaluminized composite solid propellant was investigated using a new mathematical model called the Petite Ensemble Model. Calculations were made using the new model, taking into account the oxidizer size and size distribution in determining the burning rates, rate exponents, and temperature sensitivities. Results were obtained for both unimodal and bimodal propellants with oxidizer particle sizes ranging from ultrafine (0.7 /*) to coarse (400 /*). For unimodal propellants, it was determined that the burning rate was higher for the smaller oxidizer sizes, as would be expected. Moreover, the rate exponent was larger for the small and large oxidizer particles with a minimum exponent obtained for some intermediate oxidizer diameter. Temperature sensitivity was found to be higher for propellants with larger oxidizer particles. However, it was found that the temperature sensitivity was constant for small particles. It was shown that for large particles, the temperature sensitivity and rate exponent decreased as the oxidizer distribution was widened.