gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting medium access diversity in rate adaptive wireless LANs (2004)

Recent years have seen the growing popularity of multi-rate wireless network devices (e.g., 802.11a cards) that can exploit variations in channel conditions and improve overall network throughput. Concurrently, rate adaptation schemes have been developed that selectively increase data transmissions on a link when it offers good channel quality. In this paper, we propose a Medium Access Diversity (MAD) scheme that leverages the benefits of rate adaptation schemes by aggressively exploiting multiuser diversity. The basic mechanism of MAD is to obtain instantaneous channel condition information from multiple receivers and selectively transmit data to a receiver that improves the overall throughput of the network, while maintaining temporal fairness among multiple data flows. We identify and address the challenges in the design and implementation of MAD's three phases: channel probing, data transmission, and receiver scheduling. We also use analytical models to examine the tradeoff between network performance improvement and overhead of channel probing, and derive an asymptotic performance bound for the receiver scheduling algorithms used by MAD. Results from the analysis and the extensive simulations demonstrate that, on average, MAD can improve the overall throughput of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs by 50% as compared with the best existing rate adaptation scheme.
[Salvia miltiorrhizae in the treatment of the viral myocarditis]. (1992)

In Order to evaluate the effect of Salvia miltiorrhizae (SM) on the acute viral myocarditis (AVM), 60 children with AVM were studied. The patients were divided in random into two groups, group 1 treated with vit. C, ATP, CoA (n = 30), group II with SM plus vit. C, ATP, CoA (n = 30). The levels of plasma lipid peroxide (LPO), erythrocyte membrane microviscosity (EMMV), LDH, CPK, GOT and ECG in each patient were determined before and after one course of treatments respectively. The results revealed that before treatment the levels of plasma LPO and EMMV in both groups increased significantly compared with those of normal controls (n = 30, P < 0.01) respectively. There was a close correlation between LPO and EMMV (r = 0.6774, P < 0.01) and a close correlation between LPO and LDH (r = 0.5703, P < 0.01). After one course, the levels of plasma LPO and EMMV in both groups decreased significantly (compared with those before treatment, P < 0.01, respectively). But the LPO level and EMMV in group I were much higher than those in normal controls yet (P < 0.05, respectively). And LDH, GOT and ECG in nearly half of the patients in group I did not recover after one course while most patients in group II recovered. The results suggested that free radical plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AVM. SM as a good antioxidant, could protect myocardium from repairing membrane damage and clearing away free radical. This provided a new approach to treatment of viral myocarditis.
Integrated Fresnel lens on thermally oxidized silicon substrate (1981)

Thin film Fresnel lenses have been achieved on SiO(2)/Si substrates covered with a waveguide layer of Si(3)N(4) grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). The phase shift between the different zones is induced by a SiO(2) top layer chemically etched. The use of this additional layer having a smaller refractive index than the waveguide results in a saturation of the lens characteristics vs the thickness of the SiO(2) layer; this feature associated with the good reproducibility of the LPCVD technology allows good control of the lens characteristics.
The need to develop new geodesic-based computational algorithms for marine navigation electronic devices and systems (2015)

The Author presents research problems related to the computational algorithms implemented in the software applied in marine navigation electronic devices and systems, such as GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo), AIS, ECDIS/ECS, and other marine GIS that deserve to be collected together. He argues that there is an urgent need to develop and standardise new geodesic-based navigational methods, algorithms and calculations. The geometry of approximated structures implies the calculus essentially, in particular the mathematical formulae in the algorithms applied in the navigational electronic devices and systems. The question he ask affects the range and point in applying the loxodrome (rhumb line) in case the ECDIS equipped with the great circle (great ellipse) approximation algorithms of given accuracy replaces the traditional nautical charts based on Mercator projection. Moreover, the navigation based on geodesic curves and connected software of the ship's devices (electronic chart, identification, positioning and steering systems) gives a strong argument to research and use geodesic-based methods for calculations instead of the loxodromic trajectories in general. The paper concludes with summary of findings related to discrepancies between theoretical background, good seamanship practice and real actions taken by navigators.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 is a Diagnostic Marker of Heterotopic Ossification in a Murine Model (2011)

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a serious disorder that occurs when there is aberrant bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling in soft tissues. Currently, there are no methods to detect HO before mineralization occurs. Yet once mineralization occurs, there are no effective treatments, short of surgery, to reverse HO. Herein, we used in vivo molecular imaging and confirmatory ex vivo tissue analyses of an established murine animal model of BMP-induced HO to show that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) can be detected as an early-stage biomarker before mineralization. Ex vivo analyses show that active MMP-9 protein is significantly elevated within tissues undergoing HO as early as 48 h after BMP induction, with its expression co-localizing to nerves and vessels. In vivo molecular imaging with a dual-labeled near-infrared fluorescence and micro-positron emission tomography (μPET) agent specific to MMP-2/-9 expression paralleled the ex vivo observations and reflected the site of HO formation as detected from microcomputed tomography 7 days later. The results suggest that the MMP-9 is a biomarker of the early extracellular matrix (ECM) re-organization and could be used as an in vivo diagnostic with confirmatory ex vivo tissue analysis for detecting HO or conversely for monitoring the success of tissue-engineered bone implants that employ ECM biology for engraftment.
Measurement of Commercial Peer-To-Peer Live Video Streaming (2006)

Peer-to-peer technologies have proved to be effective for various bandwidth intensive, large scale applications such as file-transfer. For many years, there has been tremendous interest in academic environments for live video streaming as another application of P2P. Recently, a number of new commercial scale video streaming systems have cropped up. These systems differ from others in the type of content that they provide and attract a large number of users from across the globe. These are proprietary systems and very little is known about their architecture and behavior. This study is one of the first of its kind to analyze the performance and characteristics of P2P live streaming applications. In particular, we analyze PPLive and SOPCast, two of the most popular systems in this class. In this paper, we (1) present a framework in which to analyze these P2P applications from a single observable point, (2) analyze control traffic to present a probable operation model and (3) present analysis of resource usage, locality and stability of data distribution. We conclude that P2P live streaming has an even greater impact on network bandwidth utilization and control than P2P file transfer applications.
Techniques for aggressive supply voltage scaling and efficient regulation (1997)

Aggressive voltage scaling to 1 V and below through technology, circuit, and architecture optimization is the key to low-power design. Threshold voltage scaling enables aggressive supply scaling but increases leakage power. Technology and circuit trends to control idle leakage power are presented including MTCMOS, variable VT bulk-CMOS, and variable VT Sol. Power can also be reduced by adaptively varying the supply voltage in applications where the computational workload varies with time. Aggressive voltage and power level scaling requires efficient DC-DC conversion circuitry and in some cases, it is necessary to embed this function in the processor. 1. Analysis of Power Components There are three main sources of power consumption in digital CMOS circuits: switching power, short circuit power, and leakage power. In conventional process technology, the switching component dominates and is given by a*CL. VDo *AV.fclkwhere a is the node transition activity factor, CL is load capacitance, VDD is the supply voltage, AV is the voltage swing, and fclk is the clock frequency. The activity factor (a) is a strong function of signal statistics and circuit topology. A variety of techniques have been proposed to reduce switching activity ranging from low level logic restructuring and power down techniques, to architectural restructuring and selection of data representation [l]. It is important to consider transitions that are fundamentally required to perform a given operation as well as spurious transitions arising from imbalances in the signal path. Various approaches have been proposed to reduce glitching transitions in arithmetic structures by balancing signal paths (e.g., [2]). increasing silicon area. Associated with aggressive voltage and power scaling is the need for high-efficiency regulation techniques. In many cases, embedding the power converter control in the processor can significantly reduce power dissipation. The switching power can also be reduced at a fixed supply voltage by using low-swing signalling. One approach involves reducing the swing on high capacitance nodes using reference voltages generated on-chip [3]. Charge kharing techniques can also be used significantly reduce the voltage swing on data busses
Tert-Butyl hydroperoxide-pyridinium dichromate: a convenient reagent system for allylic and benzylic oxidations (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTert-Butyl hydroperoxide-pyridinium dichromate: a convenient reagent system for allylic and benzylic oxidationsNallaperumal Chidambaram and Srinivasan ChandrasekaranCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 22, 5048–5051Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00231a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00231a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2797Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of a Purified Cholera Toxoid I. Purification of Toxin (1974)

The enterotoxin from Vibrio cholerae is selectively concentrated from cell-free culture supernatant by co-precipitation with hexametaphosphate and is further purified by adsorption on aluminum hydroxide powder. The bulk of residual somatic antigen becomes insoluble upon lyophilization of the toxin preparation and is removed by centrifugation of the rehydrated material. Other contaminants are eliminated by treatment with activated carbon. Preparations of toxin, purified by this method, have been characterized by: (i) a single immunoprecipitin line against polyvalent antisera; (ii) homogeneity on acrylamide gels; (iii) specific activities on the order of 22 limit-of-bluing doses/mug; (iv) ultraviolet spectra characteristic of pure protein; and (v) overall yields on the order of 50%, irrespective of purification scale. Such preparations, however, have been shown to contain trace amounts of somatic antigen when they are intensively tested either for their ability to elevate serum vibriocidal antibody titers in immunized rabbits or for their ability to increase resistance of immunized mice to live vibrio challenge. In the latter test system, the level of residual somatic antigen per 50 mug of toxin (toxoid) antigen generally did not exceed 0.025% of the Division of Biological Standards reference vaccine, V. cholerae Inaba IN-12. Methods for elimination of this small amount of somatic antigen have been investigated and are discussed. The particular combination of purification steps which are presently described have been easily and reproducibly applied on a production scale to prepare gram amounts of toxin with a high degree of purity, even under a variety of initial conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF METHOXYCARBONYLATED INDENES, 1,2‐DIHYDRONAPHTHALENES, AND BENZOCYCLOHEPTENE. PREPARATION OF THE STARTING 1‐INDANONES, 1‐TETRALONES, AND BENZOSUBERONE (1982)

Abstract Die Darstellung der Titelverbindungen (IV), (VIII) und (XII) wird beschrieben.
Cloud computing for the masses (2009)

Cloud Computing provides virtual server infrastructures for companies. The intended benefit is that enterprises do not have to buy their own hardware to provide services for their customers. Therefore, end-users usually do not directly access the raw cloud service (Infrastructure as a Service) as of yet, they use derived services instead.
Role of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Compensatory Renal Hypertrophy (2005)

Loss of functioning nephrons stimulates the growth of residual kidney tissue to augment work capacity and maintain normal renal function. This growth largely occurs by hypertrophy rather than from hyperplasia of the remaining nephrons. The signaling mechanisms that increase RNA and protein synthesis during compensatory renal hypertrophy are unknown. This study found that the remaining kidney hypertrophied 42% by 16 d after unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) in DBA/2 mice. Immunoblotting analysis revealed increased phosphorylation of the 40S ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), the two downstream effectors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The highly specific mTOR inhibitor rapamycin blocked UNX-increased phosphorylation of both rpS6 and 4E-BP1. UNX increased the content of not only 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits but also 80S monosomes and polysomes in the remaining kidney. Administration of rapamycin decreased UNX-induced polysome formation and shifted the polysome profile in the direction of monosomes and ribosomal subunits. Pretreatment of the mice with rapamycin inhibited UNX-induced hypertrophy. These studies demonstrate that activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in the remaining kidney after UNX plays an essential role in modulating RNA and protein synthesis during development of compensatory renal hypertrophy.
Delivering the Internet of Things (2015)

The Internet of Things – objects and appliances with embedded sensors and chips capable of communicating online – will result in 50 billion devices being connected to the Internet by 2020, according to Gartner.1 From fridges and bathroom scales, to fitness bands and home thermostats, the number of ‘things’ connected to the Internet is really taking off and it's a very exciting time for everyone. However, for many enterprises and consumers, the excitement of this new realm of connectivity is clouding the fact that, with more devices connected to the network, there comes a new array of security implications.
Design and implementation of multi-channel land fowls stunner with current sharing controller (2010)

This paper presents an intelligent humane stunner for a multi-channel poultry stunning system with current sharing features. This proposed system consists of an interleaved buck-boost converter for driving the stunning system, a full bridge inverter for generating the stunning voltage, a half bridge inverter for generating dither voltages to expedite the breakdown of skin impedance, and a current sharing controller for providing uniform current to each channel of the stunning system. Hence, the slaughtering quantities of poultry can be increased, and also can reduce poultry stress and improve carcass quality during stunning interval. In this paper, a multi-channel poultry stunning system with ±160 V stunning voltage and 320 W output power is implemented for verifying its performance. Experimental results shown that the proposed stunning system can raise 10% more coma effectiveness over the one without current sharing algorithm, thus improve carcass quality. Hence, with this approach, fewer components are needed to achieve the better performance, resulting in a multi-channel poultry stunning system with lighter weight and smaller size.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma metastatic to the lung. Report of a case diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology. (1985)

Cytologic examination of a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimen served to diagnose a lung metastasis in a patient with an adenoid cystic carcinoma primary in a minor salivary gland of the hard palate. The aspiration cytologic features of the metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma were similar to those of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma, including uniform tumor cells with scant cytoplasm surrounding transparent, mucoid spherical bodies. FNA biopsy cytologic diagnosis of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma is accurate, particularly if mucoid spherical bodies are present.
Efficacy of aztreonam in pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis (1987)

A noncomparative pilot study was conducted to assess the potential usefulness of aztreonam in pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. Of 27 patients initially enrolled 25 received sufficient courses of aztreonam therapy to be evaluable. All patients received 200 mg/kg/day of aztreonam in 4 equally divided doses administered intravenously. Of 57 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from pretherapy sputum cultures, 48 were susceptible to aztreonam in vitro as were 11 of 18 strains isolated at the conclusion of therapy. With treatment colony counts of P. aeruginosa in sputum were reduced by 3 log10 or more in 15 patients. It was totally (but temporarily) eradicated in 11 of these patients. Clinical scores and white blood cell counts improved significantly (P less than 0.05). Side effects of aztreonam were limited to transient elevations of liver enzymes occurring in 16 patients. Aztreonam merits further evaluation in a randomized, comparative trial with standard antibiotic therapy for cystic fibrosis.
Problems of the Small Technical College (1960)

VARIOUS FACTORS account for the smallness of some technical colleges. Perhaps the most obvious case would be the local college situated in a rural area where both the population and industry are thinly spread. Industrial development often tends to snowball, and, despite the amazing growth of technical education in some areas, there are other parts of the country where the industrial pattern has hardly changed since the war, and even areas where industries have left, making unemployment a serious problem. Alternatively, the small college may be a new one catering for a new and probably expanding industrial area. A third possibility would be the long-established college surrounded by other well-established colleges, all of which may have started to expand almost simultaneously within rigidly defined catchment areas, complicated possibly by awkward county or city boundaries. The net result may be not only that one college is left with too small a catchment area, but that it may be quite impossible to increase that catchment area.
A novel Hsp90 inhibitor AT13387 induces senescence in EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and suppresses tumor formation (2013)

AT13387 suppressed cell growth, cell migration, tumor sphere formation and induced cellular senescence on EBV-positive NPC cell line C666-1. Also, the antitumor effect of AT13387 was demonstrated in an in vivo model. This study provided experimental evidence for the preclinical value of using AT13387 as an effective antitumor agent in treatment of NPC.
Contrast-Gain-Based Visual Tone Mapping for Digital Photo Prints (2006)

With the popularization of digital photo printing, there is a demand for print image quality that approaches the quality of silver halide photographs. One way to achieve this is through automatic correction of image luminance/tone. The conventional approach based on spatially invariant mapping often causes undesired luminance changes when enhancing contrast; moreover, luminance changes are also accompanied by changes in contrast. This paper proposes a novel algorithm for the enhancement of the contrast and lightness using spatially variant mapping to achieve high-quality printing of images photographed using digital cameras. First, we define a "contrast-gain" function to quantitatively evaluate the visual contrast that results from tone mapping. Based on this function, the proposed tone mapping algorithm enables independent control of the lightness and contrast through spatially variant processing. Next, we formalize a "shadow-up tone curve," which produces an effect similar to auxiliary lighting during photography. Our contrast-gain-based visual tone mapping method, which uses the shadow-up tone curve in the algorithm, has none of the unnaturalness that arises with a conventional single tone curve. Furthermore, it provides an extremely natural effect similar to that in images photographed by a professional photographer using auxiliary light provided by a reflection board.
Design of a dual stage actuator tape head with high-bandwidth track following capability (2009)

As tape recording density increases, high-frequency track following capability of the tape head actuator becomes more important. This paper details the mechanical design and experimental analysis of a dual state actuator tape head. The dual stage actuator design combines a traditional voice coil motor for low frequency track following with a piezoelectric actuator for high-frequency track following. Non-parametric and parametric modeling techniques are used in the analysis of the dual stage actuator. The performance of the dual stage actuator head shows good correlation with the model and will enable improved track following capability for future high-performance tape drives.