gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pkd1 Haploinsufficiency Increases Renal Damage and Induces Microcyst Formation following Ischemia/Reperfusion (2009)

Mutations in PKD1 cause the majority of cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Because polycystin 1 modulates cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis, its lower biologic activity observed in ADPKD might influence the degree of injury after renal ischemia/reperfusion. We induced renal ischemia/reperfusion in 10- to 12-wk-old male noncystic Pkd1(+/-) and wild-type mice. Compared with wild-type mice, heterozygous mice had higher fractional excretions of sodium and potassium and higher serum creatinine after 48 h. In addition, in heterozygous mice, also cortical damage, rates of apoptosis, and inflammatory infiltration into the interstitium at time points out to 14 d after injury all increased, as well as cell proliferation at 48 h and 7 d. The mRNA and protein expression of p21 was lower in heterozygous mice than wild-type mice at 48 h. After 6 wk, we observed dilated tubules, microcysts, and increased renal fibrosis in heterozygotes. The early mortality of heterozygotes was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice when we extended the duration of ischemia from 32 to 35 min. In conclusion, ischemia/reperfusion induces a more severe injury in kidneys of Pkd1-haploinsufficient mice, a process that apparently depends on a relative deficiency of p21 activity, tubular dilation, and microcyst formation. These data suggest the possibility that humans with ADPKD from PKD1 mutations may be at greater risk for damage from renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Implications for treatment: GABAA receptors in aging, Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease (2011)

In addition to progressive dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by increased incidence of seizure activity. Although originally discounted as a secondary process occurring as a result of neurodegeneration, more recent data suggest that alterations in excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance occur in AD and may be a primary mechanism contributing AD cognitive decline. In this study, we discuss relevant research and reports on the GABA(A) receptor in developmental disorders, such as Down syndrome, in healthy aging, and highlight documented aberrations in the GABAergic system in AD. Stressing the importance of understanding the subunit composition of individual GABA(A) receptors, investigations demonstrate alterations of particular GABA(A) receptor subunits in AD, but overall sparing of the GABAergic system. In this study, we review experimental data on the GABAergic system in the pathobiology of AD and discuss relevant therapeutic implications. When developing AD therapeutics that modulate GABA it is important to consider how E/I balance impacts AD pathogenesis and the relationship between seizure activity and cognitive decline.
Authorship Cross-Examined by Critical Legal Studies (1998)

Cet article présente le travail de juristes qui ont récemment élaboré une critique des présupposés sous-jacents à la théorie et à la législation sur le copyright. Cette reconceptualisation des notions d'auteur, de propriété intellectuelle et de copyright amène à réviser les conclusions de chercheurs qui ont, depuis vingt ans, étudié les conditions de travail (matérielles en particulier) des auteurs américains.
Epidemiology of human noroviruses and updates on vaccine development (2013)

The importance of NoVs as a major gastrointestinal pathogen underscores the need for well tolerated and effective vaccines. Results of VLP vaccine trials appear promising. However, the rapid evolution of NoV genotypes through antigenic drift and changing glycan specificities provide new challenges to epidemiology studies and vaccine trials.
Detection of knots in veneer surface by using laser scattering based on the tracheid effect (2009)

This work introduces a method for measuring the location and size of knots in veneer surface by using laser point scanning. Scattering patterns formed by laser spots are analyzed and image processing methods are employed in order to measure the amount and direction of scattering at each measurement point. Three different algorithms are used to detect knots based on these data.
High-Definition Reconstruction of Clonal Composition in Cancer (2014)

The extensive genetic heterogeneity of cancers can greatly affect therapy success due to the existence of subclonal mutations conferring resistance. However, the characterization of subclones in mixed-cell populations is computationally challenging due to the short length of sequence reads that are generated by current sequencing technologies. Here, we report cloneHD, a probabilistic algorithm for the performance of subclone reconstruction from data generated by high-throughput DNA sequencing: read depth, B-allele counts at germline heterozygous loci, and somatic mutation counts. The algorithm can exploit the added information present in correlated longitudinal or multiregion samples and takes into account correlations along genomes caused by events such as copy-number changes. We apply cloneHD to two case studies: a breast cancer sample and time-resolved samples of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, where we demonstrate that monitoring the response of a patient to therapy regimens is feasible. Our work provides new opportunities for tracking cancer development.
Design of Multilevel Sequential Rotation Feeding Networks Used for Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Arrays (2012)

Sequential rotation feeding networks can significantly improve performance of the circularly polarized microstrip antenna array. In this paper, single, double, and multiple series-parallel sequential rotation feeding networks are examined. Compared with conventional parallel feeding structures, these multilevel feeding techniques present reduction of loss, increase of bandwidth, and improvement of radiation pattern and polarization purity. By using corner-truncated square patch as the array element and adopting appropriate level of sequential rotation series-parallel feeding structures as feeding networks, microstrip arrays can generate excellent circular polarization (CP) over a relatively wide frequency band. They can find wide applications in phased array radar and satellite communication systems.
Gradients as visual primitives. (1997)

Following J. J. Gibson (1950), it is implicitly assumed in the literature that texture gradients are directly available as perceptual primitives. Yet, the depth response to compression gradients is poor compared with gradients of linear perspective. This may indicate that mechanisms for directly detecting the differential structure that constitutes a compression gradient do not exist. We tested this hypothesis outside the context of depth perception by measuring the speed with which participants could detect a gradient anomaly as a function of the number of elements in the gradient. Only in the case of linear perspective did anomalies "pop out." This was attributable to the emergent feature of alignment of the ends of the elements forming the gradient rather than the direct detection of its differential structure. It is argued that gradients are not perceptual primitives and that the poor depth response to compression in a variety of context (motion parallax, stereo, and perspective) therefore is not surprising.
Enalapril to Prevent Cardiac Function Decline in Long-Term Survivors of Pediatric Cancer Exposed to Anthracyclines (2004)

Enalapril treatment did not influence exercise performance, but did reduce LVESWS in the first year; this reduction was maintained over the study period. Any theoretical benefits of LVESWS reduction in this anthracycline-exposed population must be weighed against potential side effects from ACE inhibitors when making treatment decisions.
MiR-27b regulates podocyte survival through targeting adenosine receptor 2B in podocytes from non-human primate (2018)

MicroRNAs are a group of small non-coding RNAs that play key roles in almost every aspect of mammalian cell. In kidney, microRNAs are required for maintaining normal function of renal cells, disruption of which contributes to pathogenesis of renal diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential role of miRNAs as key regulators of podocyte survival by using a primary cell culture model from non-human primates (NHPs). Through microRNA profile comparison in glomeruli from mouse, rat and NHP, miR-27b was found to be among a list of glomeruli-enriched miRNA conserved across species. In NHP primary podocyte culture, significant downregulation of miR-27b was observed during treatment of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), a classic nephrotoxin. Overexpression of miR-27b enhanced PAN-induced apoptosis and cytoskeleton destruction in podocytes while its inhibition had a protective effect. Target identification analysis identified Adora2b as a potential direct target of miR-27b. Ectopic expression of miR-27b suppressed both Adora2b mRNA and protein expression, whereas inhibition of miR-27b increased the transcript and protein expression levels of Adora2B. Dual luciferase assay further confirmed Adora2b as a direct target of miR-27b. Furthermore, knockdown of Adora2b by siRNAs enhanced PAN-induced apoptosis, similar to the phenotypes we had observed with miR-27b overexpression. In addition, stimulating the adenosine signaling by an Adora2b agonist, NECA, improved podocyte survival upon PAN treatment. Taken together, our data identified a novel role of miR-27b-adora2b axis in primary podocyte survival upon injury and suggested a critical role of adenosine signaling pathway in podocyte protection.
A dual electrospray ionization source combined with hexapole accumulation to achieve high mass accuracy of biopolymers in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (2000)

A dual electrospray ionization (ESI) source employed with hexapole accumulation and gated trapping provides a novel method of using an internal standard to achieve high mass accuracies in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Two ESI emitters are sequentially positioned in front of the heated metal capillary inlet by a solenoid fitted to an XYZ micromanipulator; one emitter contains the analyte(s) of interest and the other an internal standard. A 5 V transistor-transistor logic pulse from the data station controls the solenoid by means of a solid-state relay so that matching of spectral peak intensities (i.e., analyte and internal standard intensities) can be accomplished by adjusting the hexapole accumulation time for each species. Polythymidine, d(pT)18, was used as the internal standard for all studies reported here. The absolute average error for an internally calibrated 15-mer oligonucleotide (theoretical monoisotopic mass = 4548.769 Da) was -1.1 ppm (external calibration: 41 ppm) with a standard deviation of +/-3.0 ppm (external calibration: +/-24 ppm) for a total of 25 spectra obtained at various hexapole accumulation time ratios. Linear least squares regression analysis was carried out and revealed a linear dependence of the magnitudes of the peak height ratios (analyte/internal standard) vs. hexapole accumulation time ratios (analyte/internal standard) which is described by the following equation: y = 0.45 x - 0.02. The fitted line had a %RSD of the slope of 28% with an R2 of 0.93. The applicability of this methodology was extended to a polymerase chain reaction product with a theoretical average molecular mass of 50,849.20 Da. With the internal standard, d(pT)18, an absolute average error of -8.9 ppm (external calibration: 44 ppm) based on five measurements was achieved with a standard deviation of 11 ppm (external calibration: +/-36 ppm), thus illustrating this method's use for characterizing large biomolecules such as those encountered in genomics and proteomics related research.
Performance and packaging implications of a MEMS based optical modulator for WDM fiber-to-the home systems (2002)

Fabrication and performance of a silicon micromechanical optical modulator are presented. The modulator is expected to be very low cost due to the ease of providing fiber alignment to the large optical window of the device. Two packaging configurations are described which take advantage of this attribute.
Dermal Application of Nitric Oxide In Vivo: Kinetics, Biological Responses, and Therapeutic Potential in Humans (2012)

Many local hemodynamic and vascular disorders may be the result of impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Previous findings point to a therapeutic potential of dermal NO application in the treatment of hemodynamic disorders, but no reliable data are available on the mechanisms, kinetics, or biological responses relating to cutaneous exposure to NO in humans in vivo. Here we show that, owing to its excellent diffusion capacity, cutaneously applied NO rapidly penetrates the epidermal barrier in significant amounts, strongly enriching skin tissue and blood plasma with its vasoactive derivates. In parallel, it significantly increased vasodilatation and blood flow and reduced thrombocyte aggregation capacity. Data presented here for the first time show that, in humans, dermal application of NO has strong potential for use in the therapy of local hemodynamic disorders arising from insufficient availability of NO or its bioactive derivates.
Pharmacodynamics of Levofloxacin in a Murine Pneumonia Model of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Infection: Determination of Epithelial Lining Fluid Targets (2009)

The dose choice for Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains a matter of debate. The actual exposure targets required for multilog killing of organisms at the primary infection site have not been delineated. We studied Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 using a murine model of pneumonia. We employed a large mathematical model to fit all the concentration-time data in plasma and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) as well as colony counts in lung simultaneously for all drug doses. Penetration into ELF was calculated to be approximately 77.7%, as indexed to the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve for ELF (AUC(ELF)) to the AUC(plasma). We determined the ELF concentration-time profile required to drive a stasis response as well as 1-, 2-, or 3-log(10)(CFU/g) kill. AUC/MIC ratios of 12.4, 31.2, 62.8, and 127.6 were required to drive these bacterial responses. Emergence of resistance was seen only at the two lowest doses (three of five animals at 50 mg/kg [body weight] and one of five animals at 100 mg/kg). The low exposure targets were likely driven by a low mutational frequency to resistance. Bridging to humans was performed using Monte Carlo simulation. With a 750-mg levofloxacin dose, target attainment rates fell below 90% at 4 mg/liter, 1 mg/liter, and 0.5 mg/liter for 1-, 2-, and 3-log kills, respectively. Given the low exposure targets seen with this strain, we conclude that levofloxacin at a 750-mg dose is not adequate for serious Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia as a single agent. More isolates need to be studied to make these observations more robust.
Effects of Different Cation and Anion Interdiffusion Rates in Disordered In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As/InP Single Quantum Wells (1995)

The effects of different cation and anion interdiffusion rates when disordering In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As/InP single quantum wells are investigated using an error function distribution to model the compositional profile after interdiffusion. The early stages of disordering result in a spatially dependent strain buildup, which can be either compressive or tensile. The effects of this strain profile and the compositional distribution give rise to interesting carrier confinement profiles after disordering. A significantly faster cation interdiffusion rate produces a red shift of the ground-state transition energy, which with prolonged interdiffusion saturates and then decreases. A significantly higher anion interdiffusion rate causes a blue shift in the ground state transition energy, and shifts the light hole ground state above the heavy hole ground state. The results from the model are compared with reported experimental results which have been interpreted in terms of different interdiffusion rates on the two sublattices.
Key-lock mechanism in nematic colloidal dispersions (2004)

We consider the interaction between two-dimensional nematic colloids and planar or sculpted walls. The elastic interaction between colloidal disks and flat walls, with homeotropic boundary conditions, is always repulsive. These repulsions may be turned into strong attractions at structured or sculpted walls, with cavities that match closely the shape and size of the colloids. This key-lock mechanism is analyzed in detail for colloidal disks and spherocylindrical cavities of various length to depth ratios, by minimizing the Landau-de Gennes free energy functional of the nematic orientational order parameter. We find that the attractions occur only for walls with cavities within a small range of the colloidal size and a narrow range of orientations with respect to the cavity's symmetry axis.
Double-Blind, Controlled, Crossover Trial of Inositol Versus Fluvoxamine for the Treatment of Panic Disorder (2001)

Only 70% of patients respond to current treatments for panic disorder, and many discontinue drugs because of side effects. myo-Inositol, a natural isomer of glucose and a precursor for the second-messenger phosphatidyl-inositol system, has previously been found superior to placebo in the treatment of depression, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but a direct comparison with an established drug has never been performed. A double-blind, controlled, random-order crossover study was undertaken to compare the effect of inositol with that of fluvoxamine in panic disorder. Twenty patients completed 1 month of inositol up to 18 g/day and 1 month of fluvoxamine up to 150 mg/day. Improvements on Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety scores, agoraphobia scores, and Clinical Global Impressions Scale scores were similar for both treatments. In the first month, inositol reduced the number of panic attacks per week (mean and SD) by 4.0 (2) compared with a reduction of 2.4 (2) with fluvoxamine (p = 0.049). Nausea and tiredness were more common with fluvoxamine (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). Because inositol is a natural compound with few known side effects, it is attractive to patients who are ambivalent about taking psychiatric medication. Continuing reports of inositol’s efficacy in the treatment of depression, panic disorder, and OCD should stimulate replication studies.
Bifunctional activation of coordinated carbon monoxide: a kinetic study of Lewis acid induced alkyl migration (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBifunctional activation of coordinated carbon monoxide: a kinetic study of Lewis acid induced alkyl migrationThomas G. Richmond, Fred Basolo, and Duward F. ShriverCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 3, 1272–1273Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00133a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00133a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advanced Stereo Projection Using Interference Filters (2008)

Stereo projection using interference filters is an advanced wavelength multiplexing approach that specifically takes into account the nature of the human eye characterized by three types of color receptors. Accordingly, the filters used to code image information for the left and for the right eye image have three narrow bands each. Wavelength multiplexing represents a modern approach by overcoming earlier drawbacks in color reproduction of image separation methods such as anaglyph technologies. In contrast to polarizing technologies, there is neither a need of polarization preservation nor a limitation to the projection technology.
High voltage trench drain LDMOS-FET using SOI wafer (2002)

Silicon direct bonding and deep trench techniques are a good combination for high density and high voltage ICs such as display drivers. High voltage devices in these ICs are perfectly isolated by thick SOI oxide and isolation trenches. The SOI oxide thickness increases the blocking voltage of full depletion devices. On the other hand, it increases the warpage of SOI wafers and makes troubles in handling them. The new trench drain structure solves these problems and provides high voltage, low ON resistance LDMOS-FET. Its drain-source blocking voltage is 290 V, and the ON resistance is 0.37 /spl Omega/cm/sup 2/ including the isolation area.
Accurate estimation of total leakage in nanometer-scale bulk CMOS circuits based on device geometry and doping profile (2005)

Dramatic increase of subthreshold, gate and reverse biased junction band-to-band-tunneling (BTBT) leakage in scaled devices results in the drastic increase of total leakage power in a logic circuit. In this paper, a methodology for accurate estimation of the total leakage in a logic circuit based on the compact modeling of the different leakage current in nanoscaled bulk CMOS devices has been developed. Current models have been developed based on the device geometry, two-dimensional doping profile, and operating temperature. A circuit-level model of junction BTBT leakage has been developed. Simple models of the subthreshold current and the gate current have been presented. Also, the impact of quantum mechanical behavior of substrate electrons, on the circuit leakage has been analyzed. Using the compact current model, a transistor has been modeled as a sum of current sources (SCS). The SCS transistor model has been used to estimate the total leakage in simple logic gates and complex logic circuits (designed with transistors of 25-nm effective length) at room and elevated temperatures.
Improvement of Birefringent Filters 2:Achromatic Waveplates (1975)

By use of Jones' matrix techniques, nine-element achromatic waveplates are developed. These combination plates are achromatic to within 1 degrees throughout the visible (3,500-10,000 A). In addition, a two-section general retarder rotator is demonstrated. The retardation of the combination is twice the complement of the angle between the halves, while the rotation is equal to the angle between the halves. For a 90 degrees retardation, the dual five-element combination is also achromatic to within 1 degrees throughout the visible.