gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subcellular Arrangement of Molecules for 2-Arachidonoyl-Glycerol-Mediated Retrograde Signaling and Its Physiological Contribution to Synaptic Modulation in the Striatum (2007)

Endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) mediate retrograde signals for short- and long-term suppression of transmitter release at synapses of striatal medium spiny (MS) neurons. An endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), is synthesized from diacylglycerol (DAG) after membrane depolarization and Gq-coupled receptor activation. To understand 2-AG-mediated retrograde signaling in the striatum, we determined precise subcellular distributions of the synthetic enzyme of 2-AG, DAG lipase-alpha (DAGLalpha), and its upstream metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 (M1). DAGLalpha, mGluR5, and M1 were all richly distributed on the somatodendritic surface of MS neurons, but their subcellular distributions were different. Although mGluR5 and DAGLalpha levels were highest in spines and accumulated in the perisynaptic region, M1 level was lowest in spines and was rather excluded from the mGluR5-rich perisynaptic region. These subcellular arrangements suggest that mGluR5 and M1 might differentially affect endocannabinoid-mediated, depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) and depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE) in MS neurons. Indeed, mGluR5 activation enhanced both DSI and DSE, whereas M1 activation enhanced DSI only. Importantly, DSI, DSE, and receptor-driven endocannabinoid-mediated suppression were all abolished by the DAG lipase inhibitor tetrahydrolipstatin, indicating 2-AG as the major endocannabinoid mediating retrograde suppression at excitatory and inhibitory synapses of MS neurons. Accordingly, CB1 cannabinoid receptor, the main target of 2-AG, was present at high levels on GABAergic axon terminals of MS neurons and parvalbumin-positive interneurons and at low levels on excitatory corticostriatal afferents. Thus, endocannabinoid signaling molecules are arranged to modulate the excitability of the MS neuron effectively depending on cortical activity and cholinergic tone as measured by mGluR5 and M1 receptors, respectively.
Stabilised power-supply characteristics and facilities (1984)

Stabilised DC power-supply characteristics vary considerably with the control techniques employed and the application of some features, and user facilities may require certain precautionary measures to avoid unsatisfactory performance or catastrophic failure
Tunable guided-mode resonances in coupled gratings (2009)

We present a rigorous numerical analysis on tunable characteristics of guided-mode resonances (GMRs) in coupled gratings. Two schemes of strong and negligible evanescent coupling of guided modes are treated. Both show wide range tunability. In the case of strong evanescent coupling, independent control of the center wavelength and the linwidth of the resonance is obtained via variations of a gap size between the gratings and lateral alignment conditions. We believe that this characteristic will provide a useful means to realize a tunable filter in conjunction with micro/nano-electromechanical system technologies. We also present a generalized theoretical analysis on the tunable characteristics of the GMRs in coupled gratings, which is qualitatively in good agreement with the numerical analysis.
Interpretation of scattering phenomenology in slotted waveguide structures via time-frequency processing (1995)

The scattering phenomenology in slotted waveguide structures is investigated using time-frequency processing of numerically simulated data. Two geometries are studied, a finite waveguide with one slot on each end and a linear slotted waveguide array comprised of 16 equally spaced slots. The numerical simulation is accomplished via a three-dimensional moment-method procedure in conjunction with a connection scheme which makes possible the simulation of a long waveguide structure spanning over 32 wavelengths at 10 GHz. The resulting numerical data are then processed using the short-time Fourier transform to identify the dominant scattering mechanisms. In the joint time-frequency plane, the unique scattering physics associated with slotted waveguide structures are more clearly revealed. In particular, the Floquet harmonics due to the exterior slot structure, the dispersion due to the interior waveguide modes, and the "interior Floquet" phenomenon can be readily identified and fully interpreted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diagnostic accuracy of the vegetative and minimally conscious state: Clinical consensus versus standardized neurobehavioral assessment (2009)

Despite the importance of diagnostic accuracy, the rate of misdiagnosis of VS has not substantially changed in the past 15 years. Standardized neurobehavioral assessment is a more sensitive means of establishing differential diagnosis in patients with disorders of consciousness when compared to diagnoses determined by clinical consensus.
Mechanism and kinetics of the crosslinking reaction between biopolymers containing primary amine groups and genipin (2003)

Abstract The reaction mechanism of chitosan, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and gelatin with genipin (a natural crosslinking reagent) was examined with infrared, ultraviolet–visible, and 13 C NMR spectroscopies; protein‐transfer reaction mass spectrometry; photon correlation spectroscopy; and dynamic oscillatory rheometry. Two reactions that proceeded at different rates led to the formation of crosslinks between primary amine groups. The fastest reaction to occur was a nucleophilic attack on genipin by a primary amine group that led to the formation of a heterocyclic compound of genipin linked to the glucosamine residue in chitosan and the basic residues in BSA and gelatin. The second, slower, reaction was the nucleophilic substitution of the ester group possessed by genipin to form a secondary amide link with chitosan, BSA, or gelatin. A decreased crosslinking rate in the presence of deuterium oxide rather than water suggested that acid catalysis was necessary for one or both of the reactions to proceed. The behavior of the gel time with polymer concentration was consistent with second‐order gelation kinetics resulting from an irreversible crosslinking process, but was complicated by the oxygen radical‐induced polymerization of genipin that caused the gels to assume a blue color in the presence of air. The lower elastic modulus attained after a given time during crosslinking of the globular protein BSA as compared to the coiled protein gelatin, despite possessing more crosslinkable basic residues, demonstrated the importance of protein secondary and tertiary structures in determining the availability of sites for crosslinking with genipin in protein systems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3941–3953, 2003
Vapor-fed microfluidic hydrogen generator (2015)

Water-splitting devices that operate with humid air feeds are an attractive alternative for hydrogen production as the required water input can be obtained directly from ambient air. This article presents a novel proof-of-concept microfluidic platform that makes use of polymeric ion conductor (Nafion®) thin films to absorb water from air and performs the electrochemical water-splitting process. Modelling and experimental tools are used to demonstrate that these microstructured devices can achieve the delicate balance between water, gas, and ionic transport processes required for vapor-fed devices to operate continuously and at steady state, at current densities above 3 mA cm(-2). The results presented here show that factors such as the thickness of the Nafion films covering the electrodes, convection of air streams, and water content of the ionomer can significantly affect the device performance. The insights presented in this work provide important guidelines for the material requirements and device designs that can be used to create practical electrochemical hydrogen generators that work directly under ambient air.
Spiral Urethral Prosthesis as an Alternative to Surgery in High Risk Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Prospective Study (1989)

A spiral urethral prosthesis was inserted with use of local anesthesia in 22 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who had long-term indwelling bladder catheters (mean 13 months) and anesthetic contraindications to an operation (American Society of Anesthesiologists rating of 4 in 86% of the patients). Of the 22 patients 7 (31.8%) did not reach 12 months of followup for different reasons. The remaining 15 patients were followed with clinical evaluations, urine cultures, transrectal ultrasound, voiding urethrography and urine flow rates at 3, 6 and 12 months. Final evaluation at 12 months showed normal voiding in 74% of the patients with an absence of significant post-void residual in all. In 10 patients (67%) urinary flow rates varied between 6 and 14 cc per second and in the remaining it was less than 6 cc per second. In 60% of the patients urine culture was negative. Our results suggest that a spiral urethral prosthesis, placed with the patient under local anesthesia, is an excellent substitute for long-term, indwelling, bladder catheterization, and is a useful alternative to an operation in patients with an increased surgical risk.
Self-isolation NMOS-DMOS technology for automotive low-side switches (2002)

A self-isolation NMOS-DMOS technology has been developed and successfully applied to an automotive intelligent power MOSFET low-side switch. Though self-isolation technology provides a cost-effective approach for intelligent power switches (IPSs), there are strict limitations for usable device structures and device connections. The limitations are tightest in the case of low-side IPSs. To overcome these limitations, an over-temperature detection circuit, a current limiting circuit, a dynamic clamping circuit, and an electrostatic surge protection method have been developed for self-isolation low-side IPSs. The principles of these circuits and experimental results are presented together with an outline of self-isolation NMOS-DMOS technology. The applicability of self-isolation NMOS-DMOS technology to high voltage and/or IGBT (insulated-gate bipolar transistor) type IPSs is also demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Energy-efficient extraction of fuel and chemical feedstocks from algae (2012)

Microscopic algae occupies every photic niche on Earth and provides an efficient and inherently scalable sunlight energy capture and chemical storage mechanism. However, fuel production from algae remains outside economic viability due to limitations in biomass cultivation and feedstock extraction. In particular, extraction strategies require prohibitive energy inputs to breach the cell wall and separate lipids, while underutilizing polysaccharide- and protein-rich leftovers. Also due to focus on lipids, cultivars become either unstable or unproductive. Meanwhile, recent advances have demonstrated the synthesis of a variety of fuels and other chemicals from sugars and proteins. Here, the energy-efficient deconstruction of algae cell walls, resulting in release of cell contents, is reported. This occurs by dissolution and hydrolysis of wet algae biomass in ionic liquids without acids, bases or other catalysts. Deconstruction reached completion in <50 min regardless of algae species, at 100 to 140 °C and atmospheric pressure. Based on this finding, a simple process that converts wet algae biomass into constituent fractions is proposed and modeled. These results show it is possible to eliminate intensive energy demand currently hindering the economic viability of algae while co-producing sugar and protein feedstocks that tie into emerging fuel and chemical conversion paths.
Mitochondrial proteomic approach reveals galectin-7 as a novel BCL-2 binding protein in human cells (2011)

Although the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-2 has been extensively studied, its mode of action remains incompletely understood. Deciphering the network of Bcl-2 interacting factors is necessary to better understand the key function of Bcl-2 in apoptosis initiation. To identify novel Bcl-2 mitochondrial partners, we have combined a Bcl-2 immunocapture with a mass spectrometry analysis using highly pure mitochondrial fractions isolated from human cancer cells. We identified at high confidence 127 potential Bcl-2-interacting proteins. Gene ontology mining reveals enrichment for mitochondrial proteins, endoplasmic reticulum-associated proteins, and cytoskeleton-associated proteins. Importantly, we report the identification of galectin-7 (Gal7), a member of a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins that was already known to exhibit a pro-apoptotic function, as a new mitochondrial Bcl-2 interacting partner. Our data further show that endogenous Bcl-2 coimmunoprecipitates with Gal7 and that recombinant Gal7 directly interacts with recombinant Bcl-2. A fraction of Gal7 is constitutively localized at mitochondria in a Bcl-2-dependent manner and sensitizes the mitochondria to the apoptotic signal. In addition, we show that the Bcl-2/Gal7 interaction is abolished following genotoxic stress. Taken together, our findings suggest that the binding of Gal7 to Bcl-2 may constitute a new target for enhancing the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
Structure-based design of parasitic protease inhibitors (1996)

To streamline the preclinical phase of pharmaceutical development, we have explored the utility of structural data on the molecular target and synergy between computational and medicinal chemistry. We have concentrated on parasitic infectious diseases with a particular emphasis on the development of specific noncovalent inhibitors of proteases that play a key role in the parasites' life cycles. Frequently, the structure of the enzyme target of pharmaceutical interest is not available. In this setting we have modeled the structure of the relevant enzyme by virtue of its sequence similarity with proteins of known structure. For example, we have constructed a homology-based model of falcipain, the trophozoite cysteine protease, and used the computational ligand identification algorithm DOCK to identify in compuo enzyme inhibitors including oxalic bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl-methylene)hydrazide (1) [Ring, C. S.; Sun, E.; McKerow, J. H.; Lee, G.; Rosenthal, P. J., Kuntz, I. D.; Cohen, F. E., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1993, 90, 3583]. Compound 1 inhibits falcipain (IC50 6 microM) and the organism in vitro as judged by hypoxanthine uptake (IC50 7 microM). Following this lead, to date, we have identified potent bis arylacylhydrazides (IC50 150 nM) and chalcones (IC50 200 nM) that are active against both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of malaria. In a second example, cruzain, the crystallographically determined structure of a papain-like cysteine protease, resolved to 2.35 A, was available. Aided by DOCK, we have identified a family of bis-arylacylhydrazides that are potent inhibitors of cruzain (IC50 600 microM). These compounds represent useful leads for pharmaceutical development over strict enzyme inhibition criteria in a structure-based design program.
Science of risk factors in fallers: impact of cognitive dysfunction (2001)

Older people with cognitive impairment and dementia are at increased risk of falls and their adverse consequences when compared with cognitively intact older adults. Using prospectively gathered data, approximately three-quarters of older people with cognitive impairment and dementia can expect to fall each year, double the fall-risk of cognitively normal older people. In addition, compared with their cognitively normal counterparts, people with cognitive impairment and dementia have an increased annual incidence of fractures, and are less likely to make a good functional recovery after a fall. The prevalence of dementia in the United Kingdom is about 5% of the population aged over 65, and 15% of those aged over 80. Falls in patients with cognitive impairment and dementia represent a significant health problem in the UK.
Bioconversion of cereal products (1994)

traduit de: FRE Biotransformation des produits céréaliers. Technique et Documentation Lavoisier, 1991
The Role of Electrostatics in Siderophore Recognition by the Immunoprotein Siderocalin<sup>1</sup> (2008)

Iron is required for virulence of most bacterial pathogens, many of which rely on siderophores, small-molecule chelators, to scavenge iron in mammalian hosts. As an immune response, the human protein Siderocalin binds both apo and ferric siderophores in order to intercept delivery of iron to the bacterium, impeding virulence. The introduction of steric clashes into the siderophore structure is an important mechanism of evading sequestration. However, in the absence of steric incompatibilities, electrostatic interactions determine siderophore strength of binding by Siderocalin. By using a series of isosteric enterobactin analogues, the contribution of electrostatic interactions, including both charge-charge and cation-pi, to the recognition of 2,3-catecholate siderophores has been deconvoluted. The analogues used in the study incorporate a systematic combination of 2,3-catecholamide (CAM) and N-hydroxypyridinonate (1,2-HOPO) binding units on a tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) backbone, [tren(CAM)(m)(1,2-HOPO)(n), where m = 0, 1, 2, or 3 and n = 3 - m]. The shape complementarity of the synthetic analogue series was determined through small-molecule crystallography, and the binding interactions were investigated through a fluorescence-based binding assay. These results were modeled and correlated through ab initio calculations of the electrostatic properties of the binding units. Although all the analogues are accommodated in the binding pocket of Siderocalin, the ferric complexes incorporating decreasing numbers of CAM units are bound with decreasing affinities (K(d) = >600, 43, 0.8, and 0.3 nM for m = 0-3). These results elucidate the role of electrostatics in the mechanism of siderophore recognition by Siderocalin.
Human body segmentation and matching using biomechanics 3D models (2004)

In many applications the study of human movement using a computer vision and graphics techniques is very useful. One of these applications is the three-dimensional reconstruction of the structure of the human body and its movement using sequences of images and biomechanical graphics models. We present a whole and general system to study the human motion without markers but, in this case, we apply it to high-level competition disabled swimmers. This kind of study needs accuracy on the analysis and reconstruction of the person's body, therefore the virtual human (avatar) must have similar anthropometrical characteristics than the person who is doing the movement. We define a process to adjust the humanoid to the morphology of the person. It could be very laborious and subjective if done manually or by selection of points, but in this article we present a global human motion system capturing, modeling and matching a semiautomatic process between the real person and the modeled humanoid or synthetic avatar. Semiautomatic means that the computers propose the best matching from previous frames and the user can accept it or not. Once this process is carried out we are ready to analyze and represent the movements under study. It must be defined a specific set of parameter for every kind of sport. The study is adapted to specific sport activities, in our case swimming activities with an additional complexity: water occlusion and distortion. In these cases the adjustment process must be assisted by the computer using rules and models to help the expert user in correspondence tasks.
RACISMO Y CLASISMO EN LA PUBLICIDAD MEXICANA Una exposición de mensajes visuales (2021)

Las interfaces interactivas se han ido desarrollando desde la aparicin de los primeros sistemas en donde el pxel en las pantallas de las computadoras u ordenadores superaban las letras para comenzar a trazar lneas, figuras, etc., en formato 2D, y posteriormente emulando el 3D (Hampshire y Stephenson 2006; Mitchell y McCullough, 1995). Desde ese entonces la nocin de metfora, por ejemplo, ha tenido un rol muy importante, para acercar a millones de potenciales usuarios a las computadoras u ordenadores. Una nocin que encuentra su interseccin entre la lingstica, la semitica y el diseo de interfaces (Le-Guern 1990; Apple 1992).
The diuretic action of 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine, a selective A<sub>1</sub> adenosine receptor antagonist (1993)

1. The diuretic effect of the selective A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPX), was investigated in anaesthetized rats. 2. CPX (0.1 mg kg-1, i.v.) produced significant increases in urine flow, and the excretion rate and fractional excretion of both sodium and chloride. By contrast, CPX administration did not result in any significant change in the excretion of potassium. 3. The diuretic effect of CPX was accompanied by a transient increase in inulin clearance although p-amino-hippurate clearance was unaffected, indicating the CPX induced a temporary elevation of glomerular filtration rate but no change in renal blood flow. 4. The fractional excretion of lithium (a marker of delivery of fluid out of the proximal tubule) was also significantly increased by CPX. However, other measures of tubular function derived from lithium clearance indicated that there were no changes in the handling of sodium or water in the distal regions of the nephron. 5. CPX did not significantly alter the relationship between either free water reabsorption or free water clearance and the distal delivery of sodium, which suggests that CPX does not affect the renal concentration/dilution mechanism. 6. The results of this study show that the diuresis and increased excretion of sodium and chloride induced by CPX (0.1 mg kg-1) in the rat, occurs with only transient elevation in glomerular filtration rate and no change in renal blood flow. The primary reason for the diuresis appears to be inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that production and release of endogenous adenosine modifies renal excretory function via stimulation of the A1 receptor subtype.