gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An <i>Arabidopsis</i> Rhomboid homolog is an intramembrane protease in plants (2005)

Regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) is a fundamental mechanism for controlling a wide range of cellular functions. The Drosophila protein Rhomboid-1 (Rho-1) is an intramembrane serine protease that cleaves epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands to release active growth factors. Despite differences in the primary structure of Rhomboid proteins, the proteolytic activity and substrate specificity of these enzymes has been conserved in diverse organisms. Here, we show that an Arabidopsis Rhomboid protein AtRBL2 has proteolytic activity and substrate specificity. AtRBL2 cleaved the Drosophila ligands Spitz and Keren, but not similar proteins like TGFalpha, when expressed in mammalian cells, leading to the release of soluble ligands into the medium. These studies provide the first evidence that the determinants of RIP are present in plants.
The mental health crisis breathing space: what healthcare managers need to know (2022)

Laura Peters, head of mental health and money advice at Rethink Mental Illness, shares her insights into the mental health crisis breathing space scheme, how it can improve mental health crisis treatment and how healthcare professionals can help more patients to access this support.
Anticipatory radio resource management for mobile video streaming with linear programming (2016)

In anticipatory networking, channel prediction is used to improve communication performance. This paper describes a new approach for allocating resources to video streaming traffic while accounting for quality of service. The proposed method is based on integrating a model of the user's local play-out buffer into the radio access network. The linearity of this model allows to formulate a Linear Programming problem that optimizes the trade-off between the allocated resources and the stalling time of the media stream. Our simulation results demonstrate the full power of anticipatory optimization in a simple, yet representative, scenario. Compared to instantaneous adaptation, our anticipatory solution shows impressive gains in spectral efficiency and stalling duration at feasible computation time while being robust against prediction errors.
Mapping Lubricin in Canine Musculoskeletal Tissues (2006)

Lubricin, also known as superficial zone protein or PRG4, has many distinct biological functions, including lubrication, antiadhesion, and as a regulator of cell growth. This study investigated lubricin in canine musculoskeletal tissues using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. One or more variants were noted in canine flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon, Achilles tendon, patellar tendon, A2 pulley, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), knee lateral collateral ligament (LCL), articular cartilage, meniscus, muscle, and skin. We found 6 N-terminal lubricin splicing variants. The variants with larger sizes were identified in FDP tendon, ACL, LCL, A2 pulley, and cartilage. Lubricin was distributed both on the tissue surfaces and at the interface of fiber bundles within tissues, but this distribution varied by tissue type. We conclude that lubricin is present in many tissues; variations in splicing and physical distribution suggest that the variants of lubricin may play different roles in different locations.
Vascular recanalization with the laser catheter (1984)

The development of the laser catheter for vascular recanalization, the laser catheter, and the choice of the argon laser are described. Our experience with laser recanalization in nine human patients is presented. The potential problem of distal embolization and the real problem of vessel perforation are addressed.
Segmentation of medical images combining local, regional, global, and hierarchical distances into a bottom-up region merging scheme (2005)

Segmentation of medical images is fundamental for many high-level applications. Unsupervised techniques such as region growing or merging allow automated processing of large data amounts. The regions are usually described by a mean feature vector, and the merging decisions are based on the Euclidean distance. This kind of similarity model is strictly local, since the feature vector of each region is calculated without evaluating the region's surrounding. Therefore, region merging often fails to extract visually comprehensible and anatomically relevant regions. In our approach, the local model is extended. Regional similarity is calculated for a pair of adjacent regions, e.g. considering the contrast along their common border. Global similarity components are obtained by analyzing the entire image partitioning before and after a hypothetical merge. Hierarchical similarities are derived from the iteration history. Local, regional, global, and hierarchical components are combined task-specifically guiding the iterative region merging process. Starting with an initial watershed segmentation, the process terminates when the entire image is represented as a single region. A complete segmentation takes only a few seconds. Our approach is evaluated contextually on plain radiographs that display human hands acquired for bone age determination. Region merging based on a local model fails to detect most bones, while a correct localization and delineation is obtained with the combined model. A gold standard is computed from ten manual segmentations of each radiograph to evaluate the quality of delineation. The relative error of labeled pixels is 15.7%, which is slightly more than the mean error of the ten manual references to the gold standard (12%). The flexible and powerful similarity model can be adopted to many other segmentation tasks in medical imaging.
Analog iterative decoding of error control codes (2004)

Since their introduction in 1993, turbo codes and iterative decoding have made a significant impact in the area of coding theory by providing for the first time near Shannon limit decoding at practical hardware complexity levels. Turbo codes and other iteratively decoded codes have recently been incorporated into several digital communications standards such as DVB-RCS, DVB-RCT, and 3GPP. Because of the iterative nature of the decoding algorithm, turbo decoders are prone to long decoding latency and large power consumption. For these reasons, much research has been directed toward developing novel turbo decoder architectures in order to make them viable for power and speed-conscious applications such as wireless products. This paper presents a review of analog iterative decoding techniques. A family of simple analog circuits used to implement soft-output decoding algorithms will be discussed. Challenges in the design of analog decoders, such as mismatch and input interfaces will also be addressed. Finally, a survey of existing analog decoder integrated circuits will be presented.
The analysis of the electrical conductivity of graphite conductivity of graphite powders during compaction (1988)

The conductivity of four graphite powders was measured as a function of the volume fraction of graphite (or air) along (axial) and across (transverse) the direction of compression. The conductivity varies by between two and four orders of magnitude during these measurements. The results are shown to fit an equation which expresses the conductivity of the mixture as a function of the conductivity of the graphite and two morphology parameters. One parameters is the critical volume fraction, at which the graphite-air mixture would become insulating (percolation threshold) and the other an exponent is a combination of the effective demagnetisation coefficients of the grains and the critical volume fraction. Electron micrographs of the powder grains are shown and volume orientation percentage measurements of the graphite using X-rays were made in order to try to understand the results better.
Tumor-associated macrophages in tumor metastasis: biological roles and clinical therapeutic applications (2019)

Tumor metastasis is a major contributor to the death of cancer patients. It is driven not only by the intrinsic alterations in tumor cells, but also by the implicated cross-talk between cancer cells and their altered microenvironment components. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the key cells that create an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) by producing cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and triggering the inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins release in T cells. In doing so, TAMs exhibit important functions in facilitating a metastatic cascade of cancer cells and, meanwhile, provide multiple targets of certain checkpoint blockade immunotherapies for opposing tumor progression. In this article, we summarize the regulating networks of TAM polarization and the mechanisms underlying TAM-facilitated metastasis. Based on the overview of current experimental evidence dissecting the critical roles of TAMs in tumor metastasis, we discuss and prospect the potential applications of TAM-focused therapeutic strategies in clinical cancer treatment at present and in the future.
Elimination of multicopy plasmid R6K by bleomycin (1985)

Bleomycin eliminated multicopy plasmid R6K from growing cells of Escherichia coli AB1157 but failed to cure either of the low-copy plasmids R1 or R46. Measurements of R6K-encoded beta-lactamase and of covalently closed plasmid DNA indicated that the drug causes a progressive reduction in plasmid copy number.
The Neural Basis of Time-Varying Resting-State Functional Connectivity (2014)

Dynamic network analysis based on resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (rsMRI) is a fairly new and potentially powerful tool for neuroscience and clinical research. Dynamic analysis can be sensitive to changes that occur in psychiatric or neurologic disorders and can detect variations related to performance on individual trials in healthy subjects. However, the appearance of time-varying connectivity can also arise in signals that share no temporal information, complicating the interpretation of dynamic functional connectivity studies. Researchers have begun utilizing simultaneous imaging and electrophysiological recording to elucidate the neural basis of the networks and their variability in animals and in humans. In this article, we review findings that link changes in electrically recorded brain states to changes in the networks obtained with rsMRI and discuss some of the challenges inherent in interpretation of these studies. The literature suggests that multiple brain processes may contribute to the dynamics observed, and we speculate that it may be possible to separate particular aspects of the rsMRI signal to enhance sensitivity to certain types of neural activity, providing new tools for basic neuroscience and clinical research.
Elevated Serum Creatine Phosphokinase in Subjects with McLeod Syndrome (1981)

McLeod phenotype red cells of the Kell blood group system have acanthocytic morphology and reduced in vivo survival. The phenotype has an X-linked mode of inheritance and is found in some males who have no abnormality of leukocyte function and in some who have X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). We now describe an association between the McLeod phenotype and an abnormal elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK). The increase is of the MM isoenzyme type, derived from skeletal muscle or cardiac muscle, and muscle biopsy shows evidence of muscle cell changes. All of 11 males who have McLeod syndrome but do not have CGD have high levels of serum CPK. Males with McLeod syndrome and CGD may have normal or high levels of the enzyme. Individuals with other variant phenotypes in the Kell system have normal levels of serum CPK. Studies on a large kindred, which includes 5 people of McLeod phenotype, show high CPK levels only in the members of McLeod type. We conclude that the high level of CPK in the serum of these people is a reflection of a muscle cell anomaly and that in these individuals it is a pleiotropic effect of the X-linked gene that produces the McLeod red cell phenotype.
Digital Art, Second Edition (2008)

A terrific summary of the intertwined history of art and technology.ARTnews. Infused with the spirit of innovation.Publishers WeeklyDigital technology has revolutionized the way we produce and experience art today. Not only have traditional forms of art such as printing, painting, photography, and sculpture been transformed by digital techniques and media, but entirely new forms such as net art, software art, digital installation, and virtual reality have emerged as recognized artistic practices, collected by major museums, institutions, and private collectors the world over.This book surveys the developments in digital art from its appearance in the 1980s up to the present day, and looks ahead to what the future may hold. It explores themes addressed and raised by the art, such as viewer interaction, artificial life and intelligence, political and social activism, networks and telepresence, as well as issues such as the collection, presentation, and preservation of digital art. 323 illustrations, 253 in color.
Differential effects of transforming growth factor‐β1 and bone morphogenetic protein 4 on gene expression and differentiated function of preosteoblasts (1993)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP 4) are both able, under certain circumstances, to induce endochondral bone formation in vivo. This study compared the effects of TGF-beta 1 and BMP 4 on the gene expression of a retinoic acid (RA) responsive rat clonal preosteoblast cell line, UMR 201, as well as the way in which these proteins interact with RA in these cells. Both similarities as well as differences between the effects and mechanism of action of TGF-beta 1 and BMP 4 were demonstrated. TGF-beta 1 (0.1 ng/ml) strongly induced matrix gla protein (MGP) mRNA and increased the steady state osteonectin (ON) mRNA level. Cotreatment with TGF-beta 1 and RA did not result in a further increase in MGP mRNA expression. In contrast, BMP 4 alone had no influence on MGP or ON mRNA expression but it significantly enhanced the RA induction of MGP mRNA. Pro-alpha 1(l) collagen mRNA was increased by TGF-beta 1 (1 ng/ml) and BMP 4 (50 ng/ml). The addition of either TGF-beta 1 or BMP 4 together with RA resulted in a further increase in pro-alpha 1 (l) collagen mRNA levels. Both RA and TGF-beta 1, but not BMP 4, increased the transcriptional rate of the pro-alpha 1 (l) collagen gene. TGF-beta 1 reduced the constitutive as well as RA-induced expression of osteopontin (OP) mRNA while BMP 4 reduced only the constitutive expression of OP mRNA. RA increased the transcriptional rate of the OP gene. Since the responses of UMR 201 cells to these structurally related factors were not identical, the results lend support to the concept that the coordinated expression of members of the TGF-beta 1 superfamily may be necessary to control the progression of specific cell types through their differentiation pathways.
DISTINGUISHING VEGETATION FROM SOIL BACKGROUND INFORMATION (1977)

In aircraft and satellite multispectral scanner data, soil background signals are superimposed on or intermingled with information about vegetation. A procedure which accounts for soil background would, therefore, make a considerable contribution to an operational use of Landsat and other spectral data for monitoring the productivity of range, forest, and crop lands. A description is presented of an investigation which was conducted to obtain information for the development of such a procedure. The investigation included a study of the soil reflectance that supplies the background signal of vegetated surfaces. Landsat data as recorded on computer compatible tapes were used in the study. The results of the investigation are discussed, taking into account a study reported by Kauth and Thomas (1976). Attention is given to the determination of Kauth's plane of soils, sun angle effects, vegetation index modeling, and the evaluation of vegetation indexes. Graphs are presented which show the results obtained with a gray mapping technique. The technique makes it possible to display plant, soil, water, and cloud conditions for any Landsat overpass.
<i>Patching</i> (1998)

Until now, true video-on-demand can only be achieved using a dedicated data flow for each sen-ice request. This brute- force approach is prohibitively expensive. Using multicast can significantly reduce the system cost. This solution, however, must delay services in order to serve many requests as a batch. In this paper, we consider a third alternative called Patching. In our technique, an existing multicast can expand dynamically to serve new clients. Allowing new clients to join an existing multicast improves the efficiency of the multicast. Furthermore, since all requests can be served im-mediately, the clients experience no service delay and true video-on-demand can be achieved. A significant contribution of this work, is making multicast work for true video- on-demand services. In feet, we are able to eliminate the service latency and improve the efficiency of multicast at the same time. To assess the benefit of this scheme, we perform simulations to compare its performance with that of standard multicast. Our simulation results indicate convincingly that- Patching offers substantially better performance. © 1998 ACM.
Misfolding and aggregation of vacuolar glycoproteins in plant cells (2000)

Phaseolin and lectin-related polypeptides, the abundant oligomeric glycoproteins of bean seeds, are synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then transported to the storage vacuole via the Golgi apparatus. Glycosylation and folding are among the major modifications these proteins undergo in the ER. Although a recurrent role of N-glycosylation is on protein folding, in previous studies on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds we demonstrated that the oligosaccharide side-chains are not required for folding, intracellular transport and activity of storage glycoproteins. We show here that in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), incubation of the developing cotyledon with tunicamycin to prevent glycosylation has a dramatic effect on the intracellular transport of the storage glycoproteins. When lacking their glycans, phaseolin and lectin-related polypeptides misfold and are retained in the ER as mixed aggregates to which the chaperone BiP irreversibly associates. The lumen of the ER becomes enlarged to accommodate the aggregated polypeptides. Intracellular transport of legumin, a naturally unglycosylated storage protein, is mostly unaffected by the inhibitor, indicating that the observed phenomenon specifically occurs on glycoproteins. Furthermore, recombinant lima bean phaseolin synthesized in tobacco protoplasts is also correctly folded and matured in the presence of tunicamycin. To our knowledge, this is the first report that describes in detail the block of intracellular transport of vacuolar glycoproteins in plant cells due to aggregation following glycosylation inhibition.
Intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics: evaluation of pCONus and pCANvas bifurcation aneurysm devices using DSA optical flow imaging (2015)

Waffle cone deployment of stents and technique-specific devices had no undesirable effect on the intra-aneurysmal flow. In particular, no increased flow was redirected into the aneurysm sac. The intraluminal membrane of the pCANvas strongly reduced the intra-aneurysmal flow, potentially preventing recanalization problems.
Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Muscadine Grape Leaf Explants (1993)

Immature leaf laminae and petioles of `Regale' and `Fry' muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) were cultured on Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) medium supplemented with 9.0 μ m 2,4-D and 4.4 μ m BA, and gelled with agar. Callus and original explant tissues were transferred to NN medium containing 10.7 μ m NAA and 0.9 μ m BA to proliferate embryogenic callus, which, when transferred to NN medium without growth regulators, yielded globular embryos. The embryos matured and germinated after being subcultured to fresh medium without growth regulators. Somatic embryogenesis incidence was greater from petioles than laminae: 90% of `Regale' and 50% of `Fry' petioles formed embryos, compared with 14% and 2% of laminae, respectively. Culturing germinated somatic embryos on NN medium with 1 μ m BA enhanced shoot growth. Regenerated plants flowered and appeared morphologically normal. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)- 1H -purin-6-amine (BA); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); α- naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Standing Surface Acoustic Wave (SSAW)‐Based Fluorescence‐Activated Cell Sorter (2018)

Microfluidic fluorescence-activated cell sorters (μFACS) have attracted considerable interest because of their ability to identify and separate cells in inexpensive and biosafe ways. Here a high-performance μFACS is presented by integrating a standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW)-based, 3D cell-focusing unit, an in-plane fluorescent detection unit, and an SSAW-based cell-deflection unit on a single chip. Without using sheath flow or precise flow rate control, the SSAW-based cell-focusing technique can focus cells into a single file at a designated position. The tight focusing of cells enables an in-plane-integrated optical detection system to accurately distinguish individual cells of interest. In the acoustic-based cell-deflection unit, a focused interdigital transducer design is utilized to deflect cells from the focused stream within a minimized area, resulting in a high-throughput sorting ability. Each unit is experimentally characterized, respectively, and the integrated SSAW-based FACS is used to sort mammalian cells (HeLa) at different throughputs. A sorting purity of greater than 90% is achieved at a throughput of 2500 events s<sup>-1</sup> . The SSAW-based FACS is efficient, fast, biosafe, biocompatible and has a small footprint, making it a competitive alternative to more expensive, bulkier traditional FACS.
MORE ABOUT CUTTING FLUIDS (1977)

Dr B. IVKOVIC extends investigations into the effect of tool radioactivity for assessing the behaviour of cutting fluids in a variety of milling operations.
Highly Enantioselective Alkynylzinc Addition to Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by Self-Assembled Titanium Catalysts (2002)

A highly enantioselective catalyst generated by a combination of BINOL and another ligand with Ti(OiPr)4 was found to be highly effective for the alkynylzinc addition to aromatic aldehydes with enantioselectivities as high as >99%.
Origin and applications of mammalogy in North America (1990)

Article de synthese sur l'origine historique et culturelle de l'etude des mammiferes et sur ses applications (source de nourriture humaine, domestication, lutte contre les degâts occasionnes par les mammiferes, mammalogie medicale, les mammiferes dans les loisirs, evolution biologique des especes)
Middleware support for auditing service process flows (2006)

The ever increasing security and privacy concerns require organizations to strictly comply with the regulations and the guidelines. Similar to any other part of an organization, it is necessary to conduct audits to determine whether the IT systems are in compliance. We specifically focus on the IT systems that are founded on Service Oriented Computing (SOC) principals. In a service oriented system both the internal and the external services may easily interact with each other, which may make the establishment and the enforcement of the privacy policies and the rules across the systems increasingly challenging. We introduce efficient and flexible methods for auditing such systems by leveraging the middleware platform capabilities. We show how the service process flows that have been executed in the system can be audited both based on their structure and the information that is disclosed by them.