gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motion sickness: a synthesis and evaluation of the sensory conflict theory (1990)

"Motion sickness" is the general term describing a group of common nausea syndromes originally attributed to motion-induced cerebral ischemia, stimulation of abdominal organ afferents, or overstimulation of the vestibular organs of the inner ear. Seasickness, car sickness, and airsickness are commonly experienced examples. However, the identification of other variants such as spectacle sickness and flight simulator sickness in which the physical motion of the head and body is normal or even absent has led to a succession of "sensory conflict" theories that offer a more comprehensive etiologic perspective. Implicit in the conflict theory is the hypothesis that neural and (or) humoral signals originate in regions of the brain subserving spatial orientation, and that these signals somehow traverse to other centers mediating sickness symptoms. Unfortunately, our present understanding of the neurophysiological basis of motion sickness is incomplete. No sensory conflict neuron or process has yet been physiologically identified. This paper reviews the types of stimuli that cause sickness and synthesizes a mathematical statement of the sensory conflict hypothesis based on observer theory from control engineering. A revised mathematical model is presented that describes the dynamic coupling between the putative conflict signals and nausea magnitude estimates. Based on the model, what properties would a conflict neuron be expected to have?
Attitudes of Young Adults Towards Public Library Services: A Study (2013)

The present study provides a glimpse of the young adult public library (YAPL) users' attitudes and their perception about the public library services in Southern Karnataka. The main objectives of the study are: (i) to know the profile of the YAPL users,(ii)to ascertain the purpose for which they visit the library,(iii)to determine the attitudes of the respondents towards quality of library staff,(iv)to identify the perception of YAPL users towards reading different types of fiction,(v) to know their opinion about library collection and lastly(vi) to determine their attitudes towards services and facilities of public libraries in Southern Karnataka. For the purpose of data collection a structured questionnaire was distributed to 500 YAPL users between 15 to 40 years of age in five Central Libraries located in Mandya, Mysore, Tumkur, Hassan and Bangalore of southern Karnataka. Of the sample selected a sum of 384 valid responses were received. For analyzing the data simple statistical techniques like mean, standard deviation and chi-square tests were used. The result of the study indicate that about 35.4% of respondents are between 21-25 year of age, majority (77.6%) of YAPL users are male, and more number of respondents visit the library daily representing 51.7%. The chi-square test shows that there is a significant difference between the frequencies of responses of YAPL users, hence the null hypotheses are rejected and formulated hypotheses of the study are accepted.
Building semantic mappings from databases to ontologies (2006)

A recent special issue of AI Magazine (AAAI 2005) was dedicated to the topic of semantic integration — the problem of sharing data across disparate sources. At the core of the solution lies the discovery the “semantics” of different data sources. Ideally, the semantics of data are captured by a formal ontology of the domain together with a semantic mapping connecting the schema describing the data to the ontology. However, establishing the semantic mapping from a database schema to a formal ontology in terms of formal logic expressions is inherently difficult to automate, so the task was left to humans. In this paper, we report on our study (An, Borgida, &amp; Mylopoulos 2005a; 2005b) of a semi-automatic tool, called MAPONTO, that assists users to discover plausible semantic relationships between a database schema (relational or XML) and an ontology, expressing them as logical formulas/rules.
Fuzzy-AHP와 Fuzzy-Delphi기법을 이용한 건설프로젝트의 의사결정 모델에 관한 연구 (2003)

【This research suggests the FD-AHP decision making model for Construction Projects which is composed of two main method to prevent a ranking invert situation ; First, to make the consensus of the experts consistent, we utilize Fuzzy-Delphi method to adjust the fuzzy rating of every expert to achive the consensus condition with the fuzzy linguistic presentation. Second, to handle vague linguistic presentation caused by expert's experiences and subjective judgement, we propose Fuzzy-AHP which is able to enhance precision of construction projects decision mating situation. Moreover, with the correlation analysis, we show that the validity of the FD-AHP model under a decision making task specially on where highly demanded expert's experiences and intuition.】
Deeper Depth Prediction with Fully Convolutional Residual Networks (2016)

This paper addresses the problem of estimating the depth map of a scene given a single RGB image. We propose a fully convolutional architecture, encompassing residual learning, to model the ambiguous mapping between monocular images and depth maps. In order to improve the output resolution, we present a novel way to efficiently learn feature map up-sampling within the network. For optimization, we introduce the reverse Huber loss that is particularly suited for the task at hand and driven by the value distributions commonly present in depth maps. Our model is composed of a single architecture that is trained end-to-end and does not rely on post-processing techniques, such as CRFs or other additional refinement steps. As a result, it runs in real-time on images or videos. In the evaluation, we show that the proposed model contains fewer parameters and requires fewer training data than the current state of the art, while outperforming all approaches on depth estimation. Code and models are publicly available.
Current analysis platforms and methods for detecting copy number variation (2012)

Copy number variation (CNV), generated through duplication or deletion events that affect one or more loci, is widespread in the human genomes and is often associated with functional consequences that may include changes in gene expression levels or fusion of genes. Genome-wide association studies indicate that some disease phenotypes and physiological pathways might be impacted by CNV in a small number of characterized genomic regions. However, the pervasiveness and full impact of such variation remains unclear. Suitable analytic methods are needed to thoroughly mine human genomes for genomic structural variation, and to explore the interplay between observed CNV and disease phenotypes, but many medical researchers are unfamiliar with the features and nuances of recently developed technologies for detecting CNV. In this article, we evaluate a suite of commonly used and recently developed approaches to uncovering genome-wide CNVs and discuss the relative merits of each.
The Self-Incompatibility Phenotype in Brassica Is Altered by the Transformation of a Mutant S Locus Receptor Kinase (1998)

Richard J. Stahl, Mary Anne Arnoldo, Tracy L. Glavin, Daphne R. Goring, Steven J. Rothstein, The Self-Incompatibility Phenotype in Brassica Is Altered by the Transformation of a Mutant S Locus Receptor Kinase, The Plant Cell, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Feb., 1998), pp. 209-218
Phototriggered Drug Release from Functionalized Oligonucleotides by a Molecular Beacon Strategy (2003)

More than just a light switch: A phototriggered molecule-releasing system controlled through intramolecular triplet quenching by using a molecular beacon strategy with photoactive probe oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) has been developed (see picture).
Tracheal Intubation does not Provoke Bronchospasm in Patients with Bronchial Asthma under Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia (2008)

Background: The purpose of this study was to survey the occurrence of bronchospasm during upper abdominal surgery in patients with bronchial asthma who underwent gastrectomy under thoracic epidural anesthesia either with or without tracheal intubation. Methods: Fifty patients with bronchial asthma who underwent gastrectomy were managed with epidural anesthesia either with (n=19) or without (n=31) tracheal intubation during surgery. The occurrence of bronchospasm during anesthesia and surgery was studied. Results: None of the patients whose trachea was intubated developed bronchospasm (0/19 [0%]). There was only one episode of mild bronchospasm (1/31 [3%]) immediately after thoracic epidural anesthesia in the patients whose trachea was not intubated. The bronchospasm disappeared after the establishment of thoracic epidural anesthesia. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of bronchospasm between the patients whose trachea was intubated and those who were not intubated. Conclusions:Under thoracic epidural anesthesia, tracheal intubation did not provoke bronchospasm, and the occurrence of bronchospasm during upper abdominal surgery was low even in patients with bronchial asthma.
Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Aminofluorination of Styrenes (2010)

A novel palladium-catalyzed intermolecular aminofluorination of styrenes, with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) functioning not only as a fluorinating reagent but also as an aminating reagent, has been developed. The reaction afforded vicinal fluoroamine products with very high regioselectivity. This transformation may involve fluoropalladation of styrene as a key step for C-F bond formation. The bidental nitrogen ligand is crucial to achieving the transformation successfully.
Crystal structure of the essential transcription antiterminator M2-1 protein of human respiratory syncytial virus and implications of its phosphorylation (2014)

The M2-1 protein of the important pathogen human respiratory syncytial virus is a zinc-binding transcription antiterminator that is essential for viral gene expression. We present the crystal structure of full-length M2-1 protein in its native tetrameric form at a resolution of 2.5 Å. The structure reveals that M2-1 forms a disk-like assembly with tetramerization driven by a long helix forming a four-helix bundle at its center, further stabilized by contact between the zinc-binding domain and adjacent protomers. The tetramerization helix is linked to a core domain responsible for RNA binding activity by a flexible region on which lie two functionally critical serine residues that are phosphorylated during infection. The crystal structure of a phosphomimetic M2-1 variant revealed altered charge density surrounding this flexible region although its position was unaffected. Structure-guided mutagenesis identified residues that contributed to RNA binding and antitermination activity, revealing a strong correlation between these two activities, and further defining the role of phosphorylation in M2-1 antitermination activity. The data we present here identify surfaces critical for M2-1 function that may be targeted by antiviral compounds.
Based on Ontology : Construction and application of Medical Knowledge Base (2007)

The organization of medical knowledge is the key element of medical knowledge engineering. In the recent, as the effective method of medical knowledge organization, ontology is widely used in many fields. Thus, ontology provides a fundamental framework for the development of semantic web and artificial intelligence. This paper presents a building method for medical knowledge base. According to the approach, we established an ontological structure including Chinese traditional medical and Western medical ontology. Combining the existent medical knowledge, we have applied NKI Frame language to the system, and built the category of coronary heart disease (CHD) and other relevant categories. Based on the introduction of ontology theory, the author uses Protege 2000 of Stanford, the construction and maintenance tool of ontology, designed and completed medical knowledge based on ontology. At the same time, the system is applied into some medical learning system. Compared with some knowledge organization systems, this system makes much improvement in the key techniques including the feasibility, the expansibility and the reusability. Finally, we draw a conclusion that the system could resolve many problems in the field of medical knowledge engineering.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Uncomplexed Highly Sulfated Oligosaccharides Using Ionic Liquid Matrices (2006)

Direct UV matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometric analysis of uncomplexed, underivatized, highly sulfated oligosaccharides has been carried out using ionic liquids as matrices. Under conventionally used MALDI time-of-flight experimental conditions, uncomplexed polysulfated oligosaccharides do not produce any signal. We report that 1-methylimidazolium alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate and butylammonium 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate ionic liquid matrices allow the detection of picomole amounts of the sodium salts of a disaccharide, sucrose octasulfate, and an octasulfated pentasaccharide, Arixtra. The experimental results indicate that both analytes undergo some degree of thermal fragmentation with a mass loss corresponding to cleavage of O-SO3Na bonds in the matrix upon laser irradiation, reflecting lability of sulfo groups.
SQL Query Performance Tuning (2012)

Query performance tuning remains an important part of today's database applications. Yes, hardware performance is constantly improving. Upgrades to SQL Server-especially to the optimizer, which helps determine how a query is executed, and the query engine, which executes the query-lead to better performance all on their own. Many systems are moving into the cloud where certain aspects of the systems are managed for you. Despite all this, query performance tuning remains a vital mechanism for improving the performance of your database management systems. The beauty of query performance tuning is that, in many cases, a small change to an index or a SQL query can result in a far more efficient application at a very low cost. In those cases, the increase in performance can be orders of magnitude better than that offered by an incrementally faster CPU or a slightly better optimizer.KeywordsHardware ResourceExecution PlanQuery OptimizerQuery ExecutionQuery PerformanceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Hierarchical OLSR - a scalable proactive routing protocol for heterogeneous ad hoc networks (2006)

The IETF's mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) working group has designated the optimized link state routing (OLSR) as being one of four base routing protocols for use in ad hoc networks. Ad hoc routing protocols in general, including OLSR, do not scale well in heterogeneous networks, as they do not differentiate between the transmission capabilities of various member nodes, nor the channel access control scheme used by nodes when performing routing computations, even though many of the protocols support nodes having multiple interfaces. Under OLSR, for example, the control messages are sent to all interfaces, generating a very high overhead. In this paper, we propose optimizations to OLSR in order to limit the amount of control traffic generated and to make more efficient use of the higher capacity links found in heterogeneous wireless networks. Using OPNET simulations, we introduce a hierarchical mechanism to OLSR, and demonstrate that the hierarchical OLSR (HOLSR) greatly reduces the required protocol overhead, which improves protocol scalability in large size heterogeneous networks. To our knowledge, this paper represents the first attempt made to address in-dept scalability issues of the OLSR protocol on heterogeneous wireless ad hoc networks.
Dynamic scheduling of stream programs on embedded multi-core processors (2012)

Stream computing has emerged as an important model of computation for embedded system applications particularly in the multimedia and network processing domains. In recent past several programming languages and embedded multi-core processors have been proposed for streaming applications. This paper examines the execution and dynamic scheduling of stream programs on embedded multi-core processors. The paper addresses the problem in the context of a multi-tasking environment with a time varying allocation of processing elements for a particular streaming application. As a solution the paper proposes a two step approach where the stream program is first compiled to gather key application information, and to generate re-targetable code. A light weight dynamic scheduler incorporates the second stage of the approach. The dynamic scheduler utilizes the static information and available resources to assign or partition the application across the multi-core architecture. The objective of the dynamic scheduler is to maximize the throughput of the application, and it is sensitive to the resource (processing elements, scratch-pad memory, DMA bandwidth) constraints imposed by the target architecture. We evaluate the proposed approach by compiling and scheduling benchmark stream programs on a representative embedded multi-core processor. We present experimental results that evaluate the quality of the solutions generated by the proposed approach by comparisons with existing techniques.
Effect of Cleavage Mutants on Syncytium Formation Directed by the Wild-Type Fusion Protein of Newcastle Disease Virus (1998)

The effects of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) fusion (F) glycoprotein cleavage mutants on the cleavage and syncytium-forming activity of the wild-type F protein were examined. F protein cleavage mutants were made by altering amino acids in the furin recognition region (amino acids 112 to 116) in the F protein of a virulent strain of NDV. Four mutants were made: Q114P replaced the glutamine residue with proline; K115G replaced lysine with glycine; double mutant K115G, R113G replaced both a lysine and an arginine with glycine residues; and a triple mutant, R112G, K115G, F117L, replaced three amino acids to mimic the sequence found in avirulent strains of NDV. All mutants except Q114P were cleavage negative and fusion negative. However, addition of exogenous trypsin cleaved all mutant F proteins and activated fusion. As expected for an oligomeric protein, the fusion-negative mutants had a dominant negative phenotype: cotransfection of wild-type and mutant F protein cDNAs resulted in an inhibition of syncytium formation. The presence of the mutant F protein did not inhibit cleavage of the wild-type protein. Furthermore, evidence is presented that suggests that the mutant protein and the wild-type protein formed heterooligomers. By measuring the syncytium-forming activity of the wild-type protein at various ratios of expression of mutant and wild-type protein, results were obtained that are most consistent with the notion that the size of the functionally active NDV F protein in these assays is a single oligomer, likely a trimer. That a larger oligomer, containing a mix of both wild-type and mutant F proteins, has partial activity cannot, however, be ruled out.
U1 snRNP Alteration and Neuronal Cell Cycle Reentry in Alzheimer Disease (2018)

The aberrancy of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complex and RNA splicing has been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Importantly, the U1 proteopathy is AD-specific, widespread and early-occurring, thus providing a very unique clue to the AD pathogenesis. The prominent feature of U1 histopathology is its nuclear depletion and redistribution in the neuronal cytoplasm. According to the preliminary data, the initial U1 cytoplasmic distribution pattern is similar to the subcellular translocation of the spliceosome in cells undergoing mitosis. This implies that the U1 mislocalization might reflect the neuronal cell cycle-reentry (CCR) which has been extensively evidenced in AD brains. The CCR phenomenon explains the major molecular and cellular events in AD brains, such as Tau and amyloid precursor protein (APP) phosphorylation, and the possible neuronal death through mitotic catastrophe (MC). Furthermore, the CCR might be mechanistically linked to inflammation, a critical factor in the AD etiology according to the genetic evidence. Therefore, the discovery of U1 aberrancy might strengthen the involvement of CCR in the AD neuronal degeneration.
A novel eukaryotic promoter element: the simian virus 40 72 base pair repeat. (1984)

Using both clones of mouse LMTK- cells cotransformed with various chimeric conalbumin promoter simian virus 40 (SV40) early gene recombinants and the herpes thymidine kinase gene, and HeLa cells transfected with the same chimeric recombinants, we show that the SV40 72 base pair (bp) repeat sequence is a bidirectional potentiator of initiation of transcription from adjacent T-A-T-A box-dependent and -independent start sites. These results are consistent with our previous model based mainly on the results of T antigen gene expression assays that the 72-bp repeat acts as a bidirectional entry site for RNA polymerase B. We also show that the conalbumin T-A-T-A box is an important element for efficient and accurate in vivo initiation of transcription.
Development of a Defined Minimal Medium for the Growth of Edwardsiella ictaluri (1996)

In this report, a complete defined medium and a minimally defined medium are described for Edwardsiella ictaluri. The complete defined medium consists of 46 individual components, including a basal salt solution, glucose, magnesium sulfate, iron sulfate, six trace metals, four nucleotides, 10 vitamins, and 19 amino acids. This medium supports growth in broth and on solid media. Optimal growth at 30(deg)C was obtained at pH 7.0, and at an osmolality of 390 mosmol/kg of H(inf2)O, with a glucose concentration of 4 g/liter. The defined minimal medium reduces the 46 components of the complete medium to eight essential components, including the basal salt solution, glucose, magnesium sulfate, pantothenic acid, and niacinamide. In addition, specific amino acids that depend on the specific requirements of the individual strains of E. ictaluri are added.
Antioxidative role of urinary trypsin inhibitor in acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (2005)

We have previously demonstrated the protective role of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) against acute inflammatory lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using UTI-deficient (-/-) mice and corresponding wild-type (WT) mice. The protection was mediated, at least partly, through inhibition of the enhanced local expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. In the present study, we addressed whether UTI regulates oxidative stress generated by LPS challenge in the lung. UTI (-/-) and WT mice were treated intratracheally with vehicle or LPS (125 microg/kg). After LPS challenge in both genotypes of mice, the lung levels of mRNA for inducible nitric oxide synthase and hemo oxygenase-1 were elevated, but to a greater extent in UTI (-/-) mice than in WT mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that the formations of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and nitrotyrosine in the lung were more intense in UTI (-/-) mice than in WT mice after LPS challenge. These results indicate that endogenous UTI is protective against acute lung injury induced by bacterial endotoxin, at least partly, via the antioxidative properties.
Introduction to Composite Materials Design (2010)

Presenting a wealth of completely revised examples and new information, Introduction to Composite Materials Design, Second Edition greatly improves on the bestselling first edition. It incorporates state-of-the-art advances in knowledge and design methods that have taken place over the last 10 years, yet maintains the distinguishing features and vi