gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic Control of Premature Activation of a Secreted Protease Zymogen: Deletion of Staphostatin B (SspC) in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> 8325-4 Yields a Profound Pleiotropic Phenotype (2005)

The cytoplasmic protein SspC of Staphylococcus aureus, referred to as staphostatin B, is a very specific, tightly binding inhibitor of the secreted protease staphopain B (SspB). SspC is hypothesized to protect intracellular proteins against proteolytic damage by prematurely folded and activated staphopain B (M. Rzychon, A. Sabat, K. Kosowska, J. Potempa, and A. Dubin, Mol. Microbiol. 49:1051-1066, 2003). Here we provide evidence that elimination of intracellular staphopain B activity is indeed the function of SspC. An isogenic sspC mutant of S. aureus 8325-4 exhibits a wide range of striking pleiotropic alterations in phenotype, which distinguish it from the parent. These changes include a defect in growth, a less structured peptidoglycan layer within the cell envelope, severely decreased autolytic activity, resistance to lysis by S. aureus phages, extensively diminished sensitivity to lysis by lysostaphin, the ability to form a biofilm, and a total lack of extracellular proteins secreted into the growth media. The same phenotype was also engineered by introduction of sspB into an 8325-4 sspBC mutant. In contrast, sspC inactivation in the SH1000 strain did not yield any significant changes in the mutant phenotype, apparently due to strongly reduced expression of sspB in the sigma B-positive background. The exact pathway by which these diverse aberrations are exerted in 8325-4 is unknown, but it is apparent that a very small amount of staphopain B (less than 20 ng per 200 microg of cell proteins) is sufficient to bring about these widespread changes. It is proposed that the effects observed are modulated through the proteolytic degradation of several cytoplasmic proteins within cells lacking the inhibitor. Seemingly, some of these proteins may play a role in protein secretion; hence, their proteolytic inactivation by SspB has pleiotropic effects on the SspC-deficient mutant.
Stabilization of a ribosomal RNA tertiary structure by ribosomal protein L11 (1995)

Interactions between ribosomal protein L11 and a domain of large subunit rRNA have been highly conserved and are essential for efficient protein synthesis. To study the effects of L11 on rRNA folding, a homolog of the Escherichia coli L11 gene has been amplified from Bacillus stearothermophilus DNA and cloned into a phage T7 polymerase-based expression system. The expressed protein is 93% homologous to the L11 homolog from Bacillus subtilis, denatures at temperatures above 72 degrees C, and has nearly identical rRNA binding properties as the Escherichia coli L11 in terms of RNA affinity constants and their dependences on temperature, Mg2+ concentration, monovalent cation, and RNA mutations. Mg2+ and NH4+ are specifically bound by the RNA-protein complex, with apparent ion-RNA affinities of 1.6 mM-1 and 19 M-1, respectively, at 0 degree C. The effect of the thermostable L11 on the unfolding of a 60 nucleotide rRNA fragment containing its binding domain has been examined in melting experiments. The lowest temperature RNA transition, which is attributed to tertiary structure unfolding, is stabilized by approximately 25 degrees C, and the interaction has an intrinsic enthalpy of approximately 13 kcal/mol. The thermal stability of the protein-RNA complex is enhanced by increasing Mg2+ concentration and by NH4+ relative to Na+. Thus L11, NH4+, and Mg2+ all bind and stabilize the same rRNA tertiary interactions, which are conserved and presumably important for ribosome function.
Random evolution and coherence degradation of a high-order optical soliton train in the presence of noise (1999)

The intrinsic evolution of a high-order soliton described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is initiated by a self-four-wave mixing effect (or modulational instability) and recurs neatly every soliton period. We show that when there is noise such as amplified spontaneous emission, however, a high-order soliton evolves randomly and independently and is distorted because the evolution is initiated by noise. Thus the time and the frequency coherence of a soliton pulse train are both greatly degraded.
Towards large vocabulary Mandarin Chinese speech recognition (2002)

Although commercial dictation products are beginning to emerge for English, the existence of a convenient keyboard has prevented pervasive use of dictation. On the other hand, for non alphabetic languages like Chinese, there is no convenient input method. Therefore, dictation may already be a more appealing input method, for Chinese. In this paper, we demonstrate that our sub-syllable HMM recognizer and tone classifier are able to yield state-of-the-art Mandarin Chinese syllable and tone recognition performance (95.7% for syllables and 98.9% for tones). By combining the HMM syllable recognizer and tone classifier, the tonal syllable result (94%) appears adequate for a syllable base dictation machine. Finally, to alleviate the homophone problem of syllable dictation, we developed a high-performance 5,000-word recognition system with 93% accuracy for the correct answer and 99% accuracy for the top 3 candidates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Facile Synthesis of Millimeter-Scale Vertically Aligned Boron Nitride Nanotube Forests by Template-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (2015)

There is an increasing amount of research interest in synthesizing boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) as well as BN coatings to be used for various applications due to their outstanding mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, vertically aligned (VA) BNNTs are difficult to synthesize and the longest VA-BNNTs achieved to date are up to several tens of microns. Here, we report the synthesis of over millimeters long multiwalled BN coated carbon nanotubes (BN/CNT) and BNNT forests via a facile and effective two-step route involving template-assisted chemical vapor deposition at a relatively low temperature of 900 °C and a subsequent annealing process. The as-prepared BN/CNTs and BNNTs retain the highly ordered vertically aligned structures of the CNT templates as identified by scanning electron microscopy. The structure and composition of the resulting products were studied using transmission electron microscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. This versatile BN coating technique and the synthesis of millimeter-scale BN/CNTs and BNNTs pave the way for new applications especially where the aligned geometry of the NTs is essential such as for field-emission, interconnects, and thermal management.
Analysis of Human Follistatin Structure: Identification of Two Discontinuous N-Terminal Sequences Coding for Activin A Binding and Structural Consequences of Activin Binding to Native Proteins* (2000)

A primary physiological function of follistatin is the binding and neutralization of activin, a transforming growth factor-beta family growth factor, and loss of function mutations are lethal. Despite the critical biological importance of follistatin's neutralization of activin, the structural basis of activin's binding to follistatin is poorly understood. The purposes of these studies were 1) to identify the primary sequence(s) within the N-terminal domain of the follistatin coding for activin binding, and 2) to determine whether activin binding to the native protein causes changes in other structural domains of follistatin. Synthetic peptide mimotopes identified within a 63-residue N-terminal domain two discontinuous sequences capable of binding labeled activin A. The first is located in a region (amino acids 3-26) of follistatin, a site previously identified by directed mutagenesis as important for activin binding. The second epitope, predicted to be located between amino acids 46 and 59, is newly identified. Although the sequences 3-26 and 46-59 code for activin binding, native follistatin only binds activin if disulfide bonding is intact. Furthermore, pyridylethylation of Cys residues followed by N-terminal sequencing and amino acid analysis revealed that all of the Cys residues in follistatin are involved in disulfide bonds and lack reactive free sulfhydryl groups. Specific ligands were used to probe the structural effects of activin binding on the other domains of the full-length molecule, comprised largely of the three 10-Cys follistatin module domains. No effects on ligand binding to follistatin-like module I or II were observed after the binding of activin A to native protein. In contrast, activin binding diminished recognition of domain III and enhanced that of the C domain by their respective monoclonal antibody probes, indicating an alteration of the antigenic structures of these regions. Thus, subsequent to activin binding, interactions are likely to occur between regions of follistatin located in different domains and separated by considerable lengths of linear sequence. Such interactions could have important functional significance with respect to the structural heterogeneity of naturally occurring follistatins.
Antiinflammatory Activities of Lactoferrin (2001)

Lactoferrin is a non-heme iron binding glycoprotein produced during lactation and by epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces. The protein is a prominent component of the first line of mammalian host defense and its expression is upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli. In this paper, the antibacterial and immune modulatory properties of lactoferrin that contribute to host defense are reviewed. In addition, the results of recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating that lactoferrin acts as an inhibitor of dermal inflammatory cytokine production are summarized. The results indicate that lactoferrin may act as a potent anti-inflammatory protein at local sites of inflammation including the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
Real-Time License Plate Recognition on an Embedded DSP-Platform (2007)

In this paper we present a full-featured license plate detection and recognition system. The system is implemented on an embedded DSP platform and processes a video stream in real-time. It consists of a detection and a character recognition module. The detector is based on the AdaBoost approach presented by Viola and Jones. Detected license plates are segmented into individual characters by using a region-based approach. Character classification is performed with support vector classification. In order to speed up the detection process on the embedded device, a Kalman tracker is integrated into the system. The search area of the detector is limited to locations where the next location of a license plate is predicted. Furthermore, classification results of subsequent frames are combined to improve the class accuracy. The major advantages of our system are its real-time capability and that it does not require any additional sensor input (e.g. from infrared sensors) except a video stream. We evaluate our system on a large number of vehicles and license plates using bad quality video and show that the low resolution can be partly compensated by combining classification results of subsequent frames.
Neuroblastoma Represents Distinct Clinical-Biologic Entities: A Review and Perspective From the Quebec Neuroblastoma Screening Project (1992)

Data are presented suggesting that neuroblastoma represents at least two distinct clinical-biologic entities. One, favorable neuroblastoma, is associated with young age and early stage at diagnosis, triploid karyotypes, no 1p abnormalities or N-myc gene amplification, more mature catecholamine synthesis and excretion, and excellent clinical outcome despite no or minimal therapy. The other, unfavorable neuroblastoma, is associated with older age and advanced stage, pseudodiploid karyotypes and 1p deletions, N-myc oncogene amplification, less mature catecholamine synthesis and excretion, and poor outcome despite aggressive multimodality therapy including bone marrow transplantation. Favorable neuroblastomas rarely, if ever, evolve into unfavorable disease. Unresolved issues regarding this hypothesis and implications for the efficacy of preclinical detection through mass screening are discussed.
Debugging standard ML (1992)

Traditional source-level debuggers for compiled languages actually operate at machine level, which makes them complex, difficult to port, and intolerant of compiler optimization. For type-safe languages, however, debugging support can be provided without reference to the underlying machine, by adding instrumentation to program source code before compilation. Because the instrumented code is (almost) ordinary source, it can be processed by the ordinary compiler. The debugger is thus independent from the underlying hardware and runtime system, and from the optimization strategies used by the compiler.
This dissertation describes the design and implementation of instrumentation-based debuggers for the Standard ML of New Jersey compiler. Three systems are described: a simple debugger with ordinary variable display and breakpoint facilities, a debugger supporting--and taking internal advantage of--reverse execution, and a debugger for ML Threads, a concurrent extension of ML running on multiprocessors. A formal operational semantics for a subset of ML is used to define debugging operations precisely, and to provide a basis for determining the concrete types of polymorphic variables at runtime. Debugger performance measurements are presented for a range of real programs.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and lyophilised dura mater grafts: report of two cases. (1993)

Two further cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in association with cadaveric dura mater grafts are described. The clinical features of all such reported cases resemble more closely those of sporadic CJD, in contrast with kuru and the cases of CJD which have arisen after therapy with human pituitary-derived growth hormone. This observation may reflect the route of inoculation of the agent.
Identification of Four Kinds of 2′,3′-cNMPs in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and a Method for Their Preparation (2016)

Four kinds of 2',3'-cNMPs have been identified in animals and plants, and their physiological roles are also suggested. However, in prokaryotes, while 2',3'-cCMP and 2',3'-cUMP are reported, 2',3'-cGMP or 2',3'-cAMP have never been identified from bacteria or archaea. In addition, there has been no biological method to prepare these cyclic nucleotides. During the study of a novel gene LfliZ from deep-sea bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913, we found that the recombinant LfliZ oligomers contained endogenous substrates, which were then identified to be 2',3'-cCMP, 2',3'-cUMP, 2',3'-cGMP, and 2',3'-cAMP, showing the first evidence for the biological existence of four kinds of 2',3'-cNMPs in prokaryotes. In addition, we further developed a biological method to simultaneously prepare four kinds of 2',3'-cNMPs from Escherichia coli through expressing LfliZ.
Elastic waves and microstructure (1981)

Elastic wave probes of the microstructure of materials formed the subject of a two-day conference held at Oxford on 16–17 December 1980 and jointly organised by the Metals Society and the Materials and Testing Group of The Institute of Physics. The intention was to review characterisation of the microstructure of metals and alloys either by using wave propagation methods or by observing the acoustic emission produced when they are deformed.
Semi-Supervised Event Extraction with Paraphrase Clusters (2018)

James Ferguson, Colin Lockard, Daniel Weld, Hannaneh Hajishirzi. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers). 2018.
Practice parameter: Evaluation of the child with global developmental delay [RETIRED] (2003)

A specific etiology can be determined in the majority of children with global developmental delay. Certain routine screening tests are indicated and depending on history and examination findings, additional specific testing may be performed.
SLCO1B1 polymorphism and sex affect the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin but not fluvastatin (2006)

SLCO1B1 polymorphism has a large effect on the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin but not fluvastatin. This suggests that the lipophilic fluvastatin can penetrate the hepatocyte plasma membrane via passive diffusion or that uptake transporters other than organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 mainly mediate its hepatic uptake. Moreover, the results suggest that sex may affect the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin and possibly the functional consequences of SLCO1B1 polymorphism.
RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN CLINICAL OUTCOME USING TACROLIMUS AND MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN HEART TRANSPLANTATION. (2000)

Mehra, Mandeep R.; Uber, Patricia A.; Scott, Robert L.; Prasad, Ananth K.; Park, Myung H. Author Information
The Simultaneous Developing and Fixing of Photographic Emulsions<sup>*</sup> (1957)

An improved developing-fixing bath incorporating Phenidone is described. Variables which must be controlled for best results from any one emulsion are discussed.
On Figures of Speech (1977)

It is a toss-up with many persons as to whether History or Mathematics is their most unfavorite subject, and we shall keep this introduction to a minimum for that reason. Luckily, Mathematics does not concern us here, but we feel that a small amount of historical background should be supplied in the interest of clarification.
Truncation Error of Sampling-Theorem Expansions (1962)

Upper bounds are obtained for the error, termed truncation error, which arises in reconstituting a band-limited function by summing over only a finite number (instead of the requisite infinite number) of samples of this function in an appropriate sampling-theorem expansion. Upper bounds are given for the truncation errors of the Cardinal and Fogel sampling expansions and for "self-truncating" versions of these two sampling expansions; these latter sampling expansions are "self-truncating" in the sense that the upper bounds on their truncation errors are almost always much lower than the upper bounds on the truncation errors of their prototype sampling expansions. All of the upper bounds are given as functions of three parameters: M, the maximum magnitude of the band-limited function; q, the per unit guard band (assuming that the band-limited function is sampled at a rate greater than the Nyquist rate); and N, the measure of the number of samples in the finite summation of terms of the sampling expansion.
JOHN JOHNSON (1957)

Journal Article JOHN JOHNSON Get access F. C. FRANCIS F. C. FRANCIS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Library, Volume s5-XII, Issue 1, March 1957, Page 57, https://doi.org/10.1093/library/s5-XII.1.57 Published: 01 March 1957
Study of an integrated communication, navigation and surveillance satellite system for air traffic management (2002)

Advanced surveillance, communications and navigation are the main functions needed for an efficient air traffic management. In order to perform them over the entire Earth, including areas (such as oceans and desert regions) not covered by ground stations, it is possible to exploit the potential advantage of satellite technology. A novel architecture based on low-elevation orbit satellites is described and evaluated. The constellation is designed in order to supply the surveillance and data link capabilities of advanced secondary surveillance radar (SSR) Mode S, as well as to allow satellite communication and (by means of a GPS-compatible system) navigation functions.
Anti-angiogenic effect of high doses of ascorbic acid (2008)

Pharmaceutical doses of ascorbic acid (AA, vitamin C, or its salts) have been reported to exert anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. One proposed mechanism involves direct cytotoxicity mediated by accumulation of ascorbic acid radicals and hydrogen peroxide in the extracellular environment of tumor cells. However, therapeutic effects have been reported at concentrations insufficient to induce direct tumor cell death. We hypothesized that AA may exert anti-angiogenic effects. To test this, we expanded endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from peripheral blood and assessed, whether or not high dose AA would inhibit EPC ability to migrate, change energy metabolism, and tube formation ability. We also evaluated the effects of high dose AA on angiogenic activities of HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and HUAECs (human umbilical arterial endothelial cells). According to our data, concentrations of AA higher than 100 mg/dl suppressed capillary-like tube formation on Matrigel for all cells tested and the effect was more pronounced for progenitor cells in comparison with mature cells. Co-culture of differentiated endothelial cells with progenitor cells showed that there was incorporation of EPCs in vessels formed by HUVECs and HUAECs. Cell migration was assessed using an in vitro wound healing model. The results of these experiments showed an inverse correlation between AA concentrations relative to both cell migration and gap filling capacity. Suppression of NO (nitric oxide) generation appeared to be one of the mechanisms by which AA mediated angiostatic effects. This study supports further investigation into non-cytotoxic antitumor activities of AA.
The variable threshold transistor, a new electrically-alterable, non-destructive read-only storage device (1967)

A memory element has been developed that has the structure of a typical silicon planar p-channel enhancement insulated-gate field-effect transistor (IGFET). The information is stored by setting the threshold voltage of the IGFET to a high or low value. Interrogation is accomplished by applying a gate voltage intermediate to the threshold voltage extremes. Current will flow between source and drain if the recorded threshold voltage is less negative than the interrogating gate voltage; none will flow if the recorded threshold voltage is more negative. A high (negative) threshold voltage is written by applying a pulse of -50 v or higher for a duration of 1 msec or less between gate and substrate. A low threshold voltage is similarly obtained with positive 50 v pulse. The persistence of stored information has been demonstrated for periods of at least several months.
Predicting Cellulose Solvating Capabilities of Acid–Base Conjugate Ionic Liquids (2013)

Different acid-base conjugates were made by combining a range of bases and superbases with acetic and propionic acid. Only the combinations that contained superbases were capable of dissolving cellulose. Proton affinities were calculated for the bases. A range, within which cellulose dissolution occurred, when combined with acetic or propionic acid, was defined for further use. This was above a proton affinity value of about 240 kcal mol(-1) at the MP2/6-311+G(d,p)//MP2/ 6-311+G(d,p) ab initio level. Understanding dissolution allowed us to determine that cation acidity contributed considerably to the ability of ionic liquids to dissolve cellulose and not just the basicity of the anion. By XRD analyses of suitable crystals, hydrogen bonding interactions between anion and cation were found to be the dominant interactions in the crystalline state. From determination of viscosities of these conjugates over a temperature range, certain structures were found to have as low a viscosity as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, which was reflected in their high rate of cellulose dissolution but not necessarily the quantitative solubility of cellulose in those ionic liquids. 1,5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium propionate, which is one of the best structures for cellulose dissolution, was then distilled using laboratory equipment to demonstrate its recyclability.