gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
dcDegenerate Oligonucleotide Primed-PCR for Multilocus, Genome-wide Analysis From Limited Quantities of DNA (2009)

This study modified the degenerate oligonucleotide primed-polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR)-based whole genome amplification method for improvement of downstream genome-wide analysis of low copy number DNA samples (<or= 0.100 ng). Experiments involved altering the degeneracy of the DOP primer, nonspecific cycle number, and adding proofreading polymerases. Increasing the degeneracy of the primer and the number of cycles that use a low annealing temperature should improve the nonspecific amplification of the DOP-PCR reaction. The addition of proofreading enzymes should allow for longer amplification products, increasing the genome coverage of the reaction. Low-input DNA quantities were examined for the primer and the cycle number studies using standard DOP-PCR parameters. The optimized DOP-PCR technique was then implemented for the polymerase study. All DOP-PCR products were amplified by using a multiplex microsatellite amplification kit to evaluate products from multiple chromosomes, followed by separation and detection by capillary electrophoresis. The 10 N primer, 12 nonspecific cycles, and the addition of the DeepVent proofreading enzyme all significantly increased the number of short tandem repeat alleles successfully amplified. All modifications also lowered the rate of allele drop-in, or sporadic additional allele occurrence, when compared with DOP-PCR results published earlier. Further, an average of > 0.50 intralocus heterozygote peak ratios were observed for most DNA input quantities examined. These results show that modifications of the traditional DOP-PCR reaction (dcDOP-PCR) to include the use of a more degenerate primer (10 N), 12 nonspecific cycles, and a proofreading enzyme allows for a more complete, balanced chromosome amplification from limited and/or compromised clinical and biological samples.
Physical and functional mapping of a tumor suppressor locus for renal cell carcinoma within chromosome 3p12. (1998)

Using a functional genetic approach, we previously identified a novel genetic locus, NRC-1 (Nonpapillary Renal Cell Carcinoma 1), that mediated tumor suppression and rapid cell death of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells in vivo. For these experiments, a defined subchromosomal fragment of human chromosome 3p was transferred into a sporadic RCC cell line via microcell fusion, and microcell hybrid clones were tested for tumorigenicity in vivo. The results indicated functional evidence for a novel tumor suppressor locus within the 3p14-p12 interval known to contain the most common fragile site of the human genome (FRA3B), the FHIT gene, and the breakpoint region associated with the familial form of RCC. We now report the physical mapping of the NRC-1 critical region by detailed microsatellite analyses of novel microcell hybrid clones containing transferred fragments of chromosome 3p in the RCC cell background that were phenotypically suppressed or unsuppressed for tumorigenicity in vivo. The results limit the region containing the tumor suppressor locus within chromosome 3p12. The FHIT gene, FRA3B, and the familial RCC breakpoint region were excluded from the NRC-1 critical region. Furthermore, the NRC-1 locus falls within a well-characterized homozygous deletion region of 5-7 Mb associated with a small cell lung carcinoma cell line, U2020, suggesting that a more general tumor suppressor gene may reside in this region.
The Female-Specific Cs-ACS1G Gene of Cucumber. A Case of Gene Duplication and Recombination between the Non-Sex-Specific 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Gene and a Branched-Chain Amino Acid Transaminase Gene (2006)

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a monoecious plant in which female sex expression (gynoecy) is controlled by the Female (F) locus that can be modified by other sex-determining genes as well as by environmental and hormonal factors. As in many other cucurbits, ethylene is the major plant hormone regulating female sex expression. Previously we isolated the Cs-ACS1 (ACS, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) gene that encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. We proposed that Cs-ACS1 is present in a single copy in monoecious (ffMM) plants whereas gynoecious plants (FFMM) contain an additional copy Cs-ACS1G that was mapped to the F locus. To study the origin of Cs-ACS1G, we cloned and analyzed both the gynoecious-specific Cs-ACS1G gene and the non-sex-specific Cs-ACS1 gene. Our results indicate that Cs-ACS1G is the result of a relatively recent gene duplication and recombination, between Cs-ACS1 and a branched-chain amino acid transaminase (BCAT) gene. Taking into consideration that the Cs-ACS1G gene was mapped to the F locus, we propose that this duplication event gave rise to the F locus and to gynoecious cucumber plants. Computer analysis of the 1 kb region upstream of the transcription initiation site revealed several putative cis-acting regulatory elements that can potentially confer the responsiveness of Cs-ACS1G to developmental and hormonal factors and thereby control female sex determination in cucumber. These findings lead us to a model explaining the action of Cs-ACS1 and Cs-ACS1G in cucumber floral sex determination.
Vapor-mist dielectrics (1981)

Although it is well known that particles reduce the strength of many dielectrics, it was recently discovered that a dense mist of micron-size liquid droplets in an insulating gas actually can considerably increase its electrical breakdown strength. As an example, the strength of SF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> at one atmosphere (0.1 MPa) pressure doubled when mixed with a dense mist of C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Cl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> ; and at ∼0.01 MPa pressure, the mist increased the dielectric strength by an order of magnitude. It is believed that the mechanism which these mixtures achieve a high dielectric strength involves supersaturated vapor from the small droplets, the strength of the gas-vapor mixture which forms; and the capture of electrons by the droplets. As the micron-size liquid droplets will not freeze, then vapor-mist dielectrics can be used at low temperature where many vapors have poor dielectric strength. Consequently, vapor-mist dielectrics are now being investigated* as possible cooling and insulating media for vapor-cooled pOvler trans formers.
Incremental Value of Strain Rate Analysis as an Adjunct to Wall-Motion Scoring for Assessment of Myocardial Viability by Dobutamine Echocardiography (2005)

The measurement of low-dose DbE SR and DeltaSR is feasible, and their combination with WMS assessment improves the sensitivity of viability assessment with DbE.
Control of Soil-Borne Diseases in Tomato by Use of Steam and an Exothermic Reaction (2008)

In 2005-2006 we tested pre-planting treatments applied using a self-propelled soil steaming machine designed for the release of steam after incorporation in the soil of a substance that causes an exothermic reaction able to heat it to a mild but effective temperature x time product. Experiments were conducted in open-field conditions by assessing the effectiveness of steam and potassium hydroxide (KOH) against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and Sclerotium rolfsii on tomato plants. The combination of steam and exothermic reaction chemicals reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt (93.4-94.8%) better than steam only (77.8-81.2%); control of Sclerotium rolfsii was likewise better with KOH (86.7-87.7%) than with steam only (65.0-71.0%). The effects of treatments on microbial density, plant growth and weed control were evaluated. Treatments caused significant reductions in the number of Fusarium oxysporum colonies compared to the untreated control, an increase in Trichoderma spp. and no significant effects on total fungus and actinomycete density. Significant reduction in weeds (above 82.5%) and drastic increase in plant growth was recorded with the use of steam/exothermic reaction. With a milder steam application, the exothermic reaction acts for a slight increase in Tmax and, most of all, on time in temperature x time product, obtaining a disease control similar to drastic steam treatments.
Sclerotiamide:  A New Member of the Paraherquamide Class with Potent Antiinsectan Activity from the Sclerotia of <i>Aspergillus sclerotiorum</i> (1996)

Sclerotiamide (1), a new fungal natural product related to the paraherquamides, was isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation of antiinsectan organic extracts from the sclerotia of Aspergillus sclerotiorum (NRRL 5167). The structure was determined primarily through 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMQC, and HMBC experiments. Sclerotiamide causes significant mortality and unusual physiological effects in dietary assays against the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea.
Integration of a double polysilicon, fully self-aligned bipolar transistor into a 0.5 mu m BiCMOS technology for fast 4 MBit SRAMs (2002)

The single polysilicon, non-self-aligned bipolar transistor in a 0.5- mu m BiCMOS technology has been converted to a double polysilicon, fully self-aligned bipolar device with little increase in process complexity. Improved bipolar performance in the form of smaller base resistance, larger knee current, higher peak cutoff frequency, and shorter ECL gate delay has been demonstrated. This technology will prove useful in meeting the requirements for higher performance in fast, high-density SRAM circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Bipolar Repeater for Pulse Code Modulation Signals (1962)

Designed for use on unloaded exchange cable, this repeater was developed to satisfy the transmission requirements of an experimental PCM system. It utilizes a pulse repetition frequency of 1.544 mc, and 6000-ft repeater spacing. Functionally, the repeatered line transmits the PCM signal without appreciable degradation over distances up to 25 miles, a feat accomplished by retiming and reshaping the signal at each repeater point. Retiming is accomplished by means of a clock extracted from the signal; reshaping is accomplished by regeneration with positive pulse width control. Near-end crosstalk and pulse train jitter dominate the design parameters. Timing is made tolerant of near-end crosstalk by choice of bipolar transmission (where successive marks are of opposite polarity) with clock derived from the rectified and clipped signal. Tolerance in the decision circuit is obtained by automatic threshold control, spike sampling, and tight control of time and voltage parameters. Accumulated pulse train jitter is controlled to the extent dictated by the terminal equipment, principally through control of the bandwidth of the clock circuit. Seven diffused-base transistors and ten logic diodes are used in the oneway repeater circuit. A two-way repeater consists of two such circuits with a common power unit, utilizes 135 components, and is packaged in a can of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1{1 \over 16} x 3{1 \over 8} x 5{3\over 4}$</tex> -inches outside dimensions. Accommodations are made for line-length and power options, as well as remote testing. Power for the repeater is transmitted over the signal pair. One watt is required for the two-way repeater.
Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Yogurt Supplemented with Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) Juice (2016)

We investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of yogurt supplemented with 1%, 2%, and 3% aronia juice and fermented for 24 h at 37°C. The total acidity increased with increasing levels of aronia juice and incubation time. Lightness and yellowness of the yogurt decreased, but redness increased, with increasing aronia juice content and incubation time. The number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased with increased incubation time, and yogurt containing 2% and 3% aronia juice showed higher LAB counts than 1% aroinia juice-supplemented yogurt. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents increased proportionally with increasing levels of aronia juice. Antioxidant activity of aronia-containing yogurt was significantly higher than that of the control and increased proportionally with aronia juice concentration. Yogurt with 2% aronia juice had the best taste (<i>P</i><0.05). Aronia juice may be a useful additive for improving the taste and antioxidant potential of yogurt.
Hard x-ray contact microscopy with 250nm spatial resolution using a LiF film detector and a tabletop microsource (2006)

An innovative route for deep-submicrometer spatial resolution hard x-ray microscopy with tabletop x-ray source is proposed. A film of lithium fluoride (LiF) was used as imaging detector in contact mode. We present here the x-ray images recorded on LiF films of a Fresnel zone plate with submicrometer gold structures and of an onion cataphyll. The images were read with an optical confocal microscope in fluorescence mode. The measured spatial resolution was about 250nm, i.e., close to the resolution limit of the confocal microscope. The advantages and drawbacks, and the possible improvements, of this route are discussed.
Lateral PNP GaAs bipolar transistor with minimized substrate current (1982)

Lateral pnp bipolar transistors have been fabricated using Be implantation to define the emitter and collector areas. The base area (1 - 2 µm wide) has been protected against Be ions during implantation by SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and photoresist. The lateral straggling and diffusion during the anneling process reduces the base width, which can be adjusted with the annealing temperature and time. Between the active n-GaAs layer and substrate, a n-Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</inf> Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</inf> As layer is deposited. The Be ions penetrating the GaAs/GaAlAs interface form a pn junction in the GaAlAs layer below the emitter and collector area. This reduces the current by several orders of magnitude through the parasitic emitter-substrate (base) diode compared to a GaAs pn junction, due to the higher band gap. For these devices with an effective base width of 0.5 µm, a current gain of 10 in common emitter configuration has been obtained.
A strategy to manage cache consistency in a disconnected distributed environment (2001)

Modern distributed systems involving large number of nonstationary clients (mobile hosts, MH) connected via unreliable low-bandwidth communication channels are very prone to frequent disconnections. This disconnection may occur because of different reasons: The clients may voluntarily switch off (to save battery power), or a client may be involuntarily disconnected due to its own movement in a mobile network (hand-off, wireless link failures, etc.). A mobile computing environment is characterized by slow wireless links and relatively underprivileged hosts with limited battery powers. Still, when data at the server changes, the client hosts must be made aware of this fact in order for them to invalidate their cache, otherwise the host would continue to answer queries with the cached values returning incorrect data. The nature of the physical medium coupled with the fact that disconnections from the network are very frequent in mobile computing environments demand a cache invalidation strategy with minimum possible overheads. In this paper, we present a new cache maintenance scheme, called AS. The objective of the proposed scheme is to minimize the overhead for the MHs to validate their cache upon reconnection, to allow stateless servers, and to minimize the bandwidth requirement. The general approach is (1) to use asynchronous invalidation messages and (2) to buffer invalidation messages from servers at the MH's Home Location Cache (HLC) while the MH is disconnected from the network and redeliver these invalidation messages to the MH when it gets reconnected to the network. Use of asynchronous invalidation messages minimizes access latency, buffering of invalidation messages minimizes the overhead of validating MH's cache after each disconnection and use of HLC off-loads the overhead of maintaining state of MH's cache from the servers. The MH can be disconnected from the server either voluntarily or involuntarily. We capture the effects of both by using a single parameter: The percentage of time a mobile host is disconnected from the network. We demonstrate the efficacy of our scheme through simulation and performance modeling. In particular, we show that the average data access latency and the number of uplink requests by a MH decrease by using the proposed strategy at the cost of using buffer space at the HLC. We provide analytical comparison between our proposed scheme and the existing scheme for cache management in a mobile environment. Extensive experimental results are provided to compare the schemes in terms of performance metrics like latency, number of uplink requests, etc., under both a high and a low rate of change of data at servers for various values of the parameters. A mathematical model for the scheme is developed which matches closely with the simulation results.
<title>Acousto-optically scanned video-rate image dissector tube confocal microscope suitable for use with multiple wavelengths</title> (1994)

We will present the design of a greatly simplified acousto-optic (A/O) scanning system which allows a change of wavelength in less than a second (and in principal between 2 TV lines). A/O deflectors now available with a 9.3 mm circular entrance pupil (rather than the 2 mm X 12 mm pupils previously used) eliminate the need for costly anamorphic beam shaping optics. The resulting simplified optic system can be straightforwardly corrected for different excitation wavelengths.
Preparation, characterization, and preliminary application of fibrinogen-coated olive oil droplets for the targeted delivery of docetaxel to solid malignancies. (2003)

Micronized droplets of olive oil loaded with docetaxel (1.0 mg.ml(-1)) and coated with fibrinogen were prepared and then characterized for physicochemical and cytotoxic properties in vitro and anticancer activity in vivo. The droplets remain readily dispersible and relatively stable in size for at least 24 h when stored at 4 degrees C. During storage, the fibrinogen remains bound to the droplets and thrombin coagulable. Nucleoside incorporation assays, growth inhibition assays, and clonogenic assays involving several different tumor cell lines all indicate that the cytotoxicity in vitro of docetaxel applied in olive oil droplets is at least as great as that of docetaxel applied in DMSO. When compared with Taxotere, an equivalent dose of docetaxel administered in fibrinogen-coated oil droplets improved the median survival time of B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice from 21 days to 69 days. Furthermore, whereas none of the Taxotere-treated mice survived longer than 34 days, 33% (three of nine) of the mice treated with docetaxel-loaded, fibrinogen-coated oil droplets were apparently free of disease after 139 days. Preliminary studies indicate fibrinogen adsorbed to docetaxel-loaded oil droplets facilitates the retention of the droplets within the fibrin-rich tumor microenvironment. We propose this new formulation may prove generally useful for the treatment of taxane-sensitive, fibrin-rich tumors.
On Pricing Complex IT Service Solutions (2014)

We present a case management approach to determining the upper and lower bounds on the price at which complex IT service contracts can be won or lost. Our approach is based on mining 'similar' prior deals and market benchmark data modeled as cases, to determine the upper and lower bounds on unit costs and unit prices for each of the service involved in an IT service solution such that the win probability of the deal is maximized. While there is no such a thing as an exact match in complex IT service solutions, as no two deals are alike, our approach offers a practical method for assessing the competitiveness of IT service solutions from unit cost and unit price perspective by leveraging prior won and lost deals. Experiments done on about 177 prior IT strategic outsourcing deals of a large IT service provider organization have resulted in a precision of 72% in determining the price at which one must not lose a deal under ceteris paribus assumption. Another main outcome of our study is the reconfirmation of the belief that price is a weak indicator of win or loss outcome in complex IT services where multiple factors are at play in clients' decision to award contracts.
Differential detection of dual traps improves the spatial resolution of optical tweezers (2006)

The drive toward more sensitive single-molecule manipulation techniques has led to the recent development of optical tweezers capable of resolving the motions of biological systems at the subnanometer level, approaching the fundamental limit set by Brownian fluctuations. One successful approach has been the dual-trap optical tweezers, in which the system of study is held at both ends by microspheres in two separate optical traps. We present here a theoretical description of the Brownian limit on the spatial resolution of such systems and verify these predictions by direct measurement in a Brownian noise-limited dual-trap optical tweezers. We find that by detecting the positions of both trapped microspheres, correlations in their motions can be exploited to maximize the resolving power of the instrument. Remarkably, we show that the spatial resolution of dual optical traps with dual-trap detection is always superior to that of more traditional, single-trap designs, despite the added Brownian noise of the second trapped microsphere.
RUNX1 promotes tumour metastasis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and EMT in colorectal cancer (2019)

Our findings first demonstrate that RUNX1 promotes CRC metastasis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and EMT.
Solvent-controlled highly regio-selective thieno[2,3-<i>b</i>]indole formation under metal-free conditions (2017)

Thieno[2,3-<italic>b</italic>]indole derivatives were selectively prepared from indoles, ketones and sulfur powder under metal-free conditions.