gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical absorption by free holes in heavily doped GaAs (1991)

Optical absorption in p-type GaAs with hole concentrations between ${10}^{19}$ and ${10}^{20}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ has been measured for wavelengths between 2 and 20 \ensuremath{\mu}m and compared with results of theoretical calculations. In contrast to previous measurements at lower doping levels, the occupied hole states are far from the zone center, where the heavy- and light-hole bands become parallel. This gives rise to a large joint density of states for optical transitions. It is found that the overall magnitude of the observed absorption is explained correctly by the theory, with both free-carrier (indirect) and inter-valence-band (direct) transitions contributing significantly to the total absorption. The strength of the absorption (\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\approxeq}20 000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ for ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{A}}$=5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$) is attractive for long-wavelength infrared-detector applications.
Control of structure and properties of compound semiconductor interfaces by Si interface control layer (2002)

The authors review the current status of recent attempts to control the structure and properties of compound semiconductor interfaces by an ultrathin Si interface control layer. Surface and interface states in the energy gap cause many unwanted effects including the so-called Fermi level pinning phenomenon, which is discussed. Control of insulator-semiconductor, metal-semiconductor, and semiconductor-semiconductor interfaces are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assignment Algorithms For The Passive Sensor Data Association Problem (1989)

This paper is concerned with the problem of associating measurements from multiple passive line-of-sight only sensors in the presence of clutter, missed detections and unknown number of targets. The measurement-target association problem is formulated as one of maximizing the joint likelihood function of the measurement partition. Mathematically, this formulation of the data association problem leads to a generalization of the multi-dimensional matching problem, which is known to be NP-complete ( of non polynomial complexity ) when the number of sensors S ≥ 3. Suboptimal algorithms are therefore of considerable importance. In this paper we present two suboptimal algorithms - a backtracking algorithm with a complexity of order 0(M in M), where M is the number of possible measurement-target associations, and a relaxation algorithm that successively solves a series of generalized two-dimensional assignment problems, with the worst case complexity of 0(3k n3 ), where n is the number of reports from each sensor, and k is the number of relaxation iterations. The performance of the backtracking algorithm is guaranteed to be much better than the "row-column" heuristic, which has complexity of 0(M). A nice feature of the relaxation approach is that the resulting primal and dual solutions provide a measure of how close the solution is to the (perhaps unknowable) optimal solution in terms of the duality gap. For the passive sensor data association problem, the duality gaps are typically less than 1%. We present comparisons between the two algorithms in terms of performance and time complexity in the context of passive sensor data-association problem involving three sensors. Both of the algorithms are tested on a wide variety of scenarios involving a wide range of target densities, measurement accuracy, and false alarm and missed-detection probabilities.
A televisão como ferramenta pedagógica na formação de professores (2003)

O texto parte da análise da experiência dos primeiros anos de implementação do Programa TV Escola em Santa Catarina para propor uma reflexão sobre o uso educativo e pedagógico das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC). A integração dos meios de comunicação mais contemporâneos aos processos educacionais é tarefa urgente e necessária pois essas técnicas já estão presentes em todas as esferas da vida social. Já não se discute mais se a integração deve ser feita ou não, desde que a disseminação da informática pôs a escola perante o desafio de uma nova linguagem presente na sociedade, não só no mundo do trabalho, mas também no lazer e na cultura, e ausente da escola. No entanto, a prática pedagógica inovadora utilizando as TIC esbarra num obstáculo importante: a formação de professores, que ainda ignora em grande parte esses temas. A TV Escola surge como uma política efetiva com o objetivo de melhorar e atualizar essa formação. Busca-se, neste trabalho, compreender e explicar as formas de utilização das mensagens da TV Escola e as razões da persistência de usos inadequados do meio como ferramenta pedagógica, tanto para auto-formação de professores - à distância - quanto na utilização de mensagens televisuais como material didático em sua prática docente. O estudo mostra que a integração do meio televisual no espaço escolar, em sua dupla dimensão de ferramenta pedagógica e objeto de estudo, ainda encontra dificuldades, embora a televisão seja o meio de comunicação mais freqüentado por professores e estudantes.
Analysis of Database System Architectures Using Benchmarks (1987)

Database machine architectures have been proposed as a promising alternative to improve database system performance, control, and flexibility. While many claims have been made for the database machine concept, few studies have been made to test the performance advantages and disadvantages of a database machine in an application environment. A comprehensive benchmark study comparing the performance of database systems on a conventional computer system and a database machine is reported in this paper. The results show the database machine architecture to have superior performance in most cases. The performance advantage is sensitive to the communication line speed between the host computer and the database machine. The effects of line speed are studied and displayed in the benchmark results. A summary of the similarities and differences between the architectures based upon our benchmark results completes the paper.
Insulin Sensitivity and Acute Insulin Response in African-Americans, Non-Hispanic Whites, and Hispanics With NIDDM: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (1997)

NIDDM is usually characterized by beta-cell failure and decreased insulin sensitivity. It has been reported that a high proportion of African-American NIDDM subjects are insulin sensitive. To examine this issue, we determined insulin sensitivity (S(I)) in 479 NIDDM subjects by minimal model analyses of frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance (FSIGT) from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS), a large multicenter study of insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk in African-Americans, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites. The African-Americans and non-Hispanic whites were sampled in Los Angeles and Oakland, California. The non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics were sampled in San Antonio, Texas, and San Luis Valley, Colorado. We defined the proportion of insulin-sensitive (S(I)) subjects as > or =1.61 min-1 x microU-1 x ml-1, which is above the median for nondiabetic subjects of all ethnic groups in the IRAS. Using this definition, the proportion of insulin-sensitive diabetic subjects was very low in all ethnic groups (non-Hispanic whites [14.3%] vs. African-Americans [6.5%], P = 0.039 in Los Angeles and Oakland; non-Hispanic whites [6.8%] vs. Hispanics [4.9%], P = 0.737 in San Luis Valley and San Antonio). These results were also similar in newly diagnosed mildly hyperglycemic diabetic subjects. In addition, these results were not affected by the adjustment for differences in obesity, body fat distribution, and severity of hyperglycemia. Even in nonobese subjects (with BMI <30 kg/m2), the proportion of insulin-sensitive subjects (S(I) > or =1.61 min-1 x microU-1 x ml-1) was low (3.6-9.7%). The acute insulin response (AIR) was significantly higher in African-Americans than in non-Hispanic whites; there were no ethnic differences in AIR between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. There were no significant ethnic differences for non-insulin-mediated glucose disposal (S(G)). We conclude that the number of insulin-sensitive NIDDM subjects is low and similar among non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, and African-Americans in the U.S.
Broader, Greener, and More Efficient: Recent Advances in Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation (2008)

Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation has become a practically useful tool in reduction chemistry in the last decade or so. This was largely triggered by the seminal work of Noyori and co-workers in the mid-1990s and is driven by its complementing chemistry to hydrogenation employing H(2). This Focus Review attempts to present a "holistic" overview on the advances in the area, focusing on the achievements recorded around the last three years. These include more-efficient and "greener" metal catalysts, catalysts that enable hydrogenation as well as transfer hydrogenation, biomimetic and organocatalysts, and their applications in the reduction of C==O, C==N, and C==C bonds. Also highlighted are efforts in the development of environmentally benign and reusable catalytic systems.
Assessment of coronary sinus anatomy between normal and insufficient mitral valves by multi-slice computertomography for mitral annuloplasty device implantation☆ (2008)

There is a significant anatomic difference between normal and insufficient MV, which might be the basis for any interventional approaches through the CS. Exact measurements of all structures and its anatomic correlations are possible with MSCT, which allows pre-interventional planning.
Hemodynamics for Brain-Computer Interfaces (2008)

This article brings together the various elements that constitute the signal processing challenges presented by a hemodynamics-driven functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based brain-computer interface (BCI). We discuss the use of optically derived measures of cortical hemodynamics as control signals for next generation BCIs. To this end we present a suitable introduction to the underlying measurement principle, we describe appropriate instrumentation and highlight how and where performance improvements can be made to current and future embodiments of such devices. Key design elements of a simple fNIRS-BCI system are highlighted while in the process identifying signal processing problems requiring improved solutions and suggesting methods by which this might be accomplished.
The proteome of human retina (2014)

The retina is a delicate tissue that detects light, converts photochemical energy into neural signals, and transmits the signals to the visual cortex of the brain. A detailed protein inventory of the proteome of the normal human eye may provide a foundation for new investigations into both the physiology of the retina and the pathophysiology of retinal diseases. To provide an inventory, proteins were extracted from five retinas of normal eyes and fractionated using SDS-PAGE. After in-gel digestion, peptides were analyzed in duplicate using LC-MS/MS on an Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. A total of 3436 nonredundant proteins were identified in the human retina, including 20 unambiguous protein isoforms, of which eight have not previously been demonstrated to exist at the protein level. The proteins identified in the retina included most of the enzymes involved in the visual cycle and retinoid metabolism. One hundred and fifty-eight proteins that have been associated with age-related macular degeneration were identified in the retina. The MS proteome database of the human retina may serve as a valuable resource for future investigations of retinal biology and disease. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001242 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001242).
Calcite 2 × 2 optical bypass switch controlled by liquid-crystal cells (1982)

Three blocks of birefringent calcite and two 6-V twisted nematic liquid-crystal cells have been used to make a 2 x 2 optical bypass switch for series-type fiber-optic networks. Optical cross-talk levels of -32 dB have been obtained in both states. The insertion loss was 3 dB in a nonoptimized switch.
TCP performance analysis and optimization over DMT based ADSL systems (2002)

This paper studies the TCP performance over a DMT based ADSL network. The impact of DMT subchannel bit loading on the TCP throughput performance is studied. The simulation results show that there is a threshold for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gap or bit error rate (BER) above which TCP throughput drops quickly. This threshold takes its value in a wide range depending on the TCP round-trip time as well as channel noise. This suggests that it would be insufficient to set a fixed target BER at, e.g., 10/sup -7/, when calculating the number of bits to be loaded in each subchannel. Instead, the bit loading should take TCP performance into account. Finally a dynamic bit loading scheme is proposed, which jointly optimizes the channel bit rate and TCP throughput performance.
Drug-Eluting Stent Update 2007 (2007)

FIGURE 6. Mesosoma dorsal (a, c, e, g) and mesosoma lateral (b, d, f, h): Anacharis sp (a, b), Aegilips sp (c, d), Solenofigites lautus (e, f), Acantaegilips macropennis (g) and Acanthaegilips levis (h). [Images (a, b) taken from Morphbank (http://www.morphbank.net)]
Sales through Sequential Distribution Channels: An Application to Movies and Videos (2000)

This article focuses on the sale of a product across channels that are entered sequentially. Using a two-channel model, the authors derive the optimal time to enter the second channel and then obtain a specific parametric solution for movie distributors regarding theater attendance and subsequent sales to video stores. Using data from 35 movies, the authors estimate exponential sales curves for both theater attendance and video rentals and demonstrate how knowledge of the sales parameters in the first channel (theaters) helps predict sales in the second channel (video rentals). Finally, from the movie distributor's perspective, the authors calculate optimal release times based on the model and its estimated parameters. The results suggest that profits would increase if movies were released to video sooner than is the current practice.
Convective forces increase rostral delivery of intrathecal radiotracers and antisense oligonucleotides in the cynomolgus monkey nervous system (2020)

These results indicate that increasing convective forces after IT injection increases distribution of molecules up the neuraxis. In particular, the use of high IT injection volumes will be useful to increase rostral CNS distribution of therapeutic ASOs for CNS diseases in the clinic.
Hepatitis B Virus Infection Risks among Diabetic Patients Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities (2005)

marrow demonstrated hypercellular marrow with mild hemosiderosis, mild eosinophilia, and megaloblastosis; a bone marrow sample obtained by aspiration and cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen medium was positive for acid-fast bacteria. By means of restriction endonuclease analysis of the 65-kDa hsp gene [5], we found that the isolate had a pattern compatible with that of M. mucogenicum. Identification was subsequently confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography of mycolic acids at the Centers for Disease Con-
Comparative weathering tests of North American and European exterior wood finishes (1994)

With the goal of comparing the performance of\nexterior paints on weather-exposed wood surfaces in\nthe United States and western Europe, a number of\ncommercially available coating systems were applied\nto various wood surfaces and exposed on test fences\nin the U.S. Midwest in Madison, Wis. (43° north), and\nin northern Switzerland near Zurich (47° north) for 5\nyears. This report summarizes the results of the\nperformance and durability tests of the different coating\nsystems.
Concomitant expression of<i>E. coli</i>cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase improves the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorocytosine (1998)

The prodrug activation system formed by the E. coli codA gene encoding cytosine deaminase (CD) and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) developed for selective cancer chemotherapy suffers from a sensitivity limitation in many tumour cells. In an attempt to improve the CD/5-FC suicide association, we combined the E. coli upp gene encoding uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) with codA gene to create the situation prevailing in E. coli, a bacterium very efficient in metabolising 5-FC. The constitutive expression of the two genes cloned on an E. coli-animal cell shuttle plasmid either in a linked or in a fused configuration was evaluated in E. coli strains selected and engineered to mimic the 5-FC metabolism encountered in mammalian cells. The simultaneous expression of codA and upp genes generated a cooperative effect resulting in a dramatic increase in 5-FC sensitivity of cells compared to the expression of codA alone. Furthermore, it was shown that the association of UPRT with CD facilitated the uptake of 5-FC, in the situation where the drug penetrates cells by passive diffusion as in mammalian cells, by directly channeling 5-fluorouracil, the product of CD, to 5-fluoroUMP, the product of UPRT.
On the use of pre-distortion equalization in infrared wireless communication links (2002)

This paper examines the potential merits of pre-distortion equalization as a novel measure to mitigate the distortion imposed by multipath dispersion in optical wireless communication links. It is demonstrated that the technique is able to reduce the required transmission power though, owing to a necessary signal content in the emitted zero-slot, this reduction is only possible when multipath dispersion has a significant influence. To attain the required transmission power, the authors propose a method that is based on a sensitivity assessment of the signal reception. Analytical details of this approach are provided demonstrating its ability to account for the received pulse shape which, in an optical wireless environment, is often irregular.
A capacitive vibration-to-electricity energy converter with integrated mechanical switches (2008)

Due to recent advances in low-power VLSI design technology, it has become feasible to power portable or remote electronic devices by scavenging the ambient energy. The design, fabrication and measurement of a capacitive vibration-to-electricity energy converter are presented in this paper. With a device area constraint of 1 cm2 and an auxiliary battery supply of 3.6 V, the device was designed to generate an output power of 31 µW with an output saturation voltage of 40 V. An external mass of 4 g was needed to adjust the device resonance to match the input vibration of 2.25 m s−2 at 120 Hz. Mechanical contact switches were integrated onto the device to provide accurate charge–discharge energy conversion timing. The device was fabricated in SOI (silicon-on-insulator) wafers by deep silicon etching technology. Parasitic capacitance was minimized by partial back side substrate removal. Resonant frequencies of the fabricated device with and without the external mass agreed with the expected values. Without the external mass, the measured ac output power was 1.2 µW with a load of 5 MΩ at 1870 Hz. Detailed circuit modeling and ac output power measurement of the devices with the external mass attached are in progress.
Ultramicroanalysis of Peptide Profiles in Biological Samples Using MALDI Mass Spectrometry (1998)

In the past few years, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful tool for the direct analysis of peptide profiles contained in single neuroendocrine cells, tissue biopsies, as well as in releasates (after a simple sample clean-up). These studies were performed in both invertebrate (the pond snail) and vertebrate (xenopus and rat) species. The present article provides an overview of these data with a special emphasis on the sample handling required for each application.
Investigation of the Relationship between <i>in Vitro</i> ELISA Measures of Immunoreactive Soy Globulins and <i>in Vivo</i> Effects of Soy Products (1996)

Concentrations of glycinin and β-conglycinin were determined in 15 soy products using various enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) formats with specific polyclonal antisera (Pabs) and (or) monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). Nine of these products were evaluated in vivo for apparent digestibility of nitrogen and plasma anti-soy antibody titers in preruminant calves. In inhibition ELISAs, Mabs led to much higher values for antigen concentrations than Pabs. Compared to inhibition ELISAs with Pabs, two-site ELISAs associating Mabs and Pabs gave similar values for glycinin and higher values for β-conglycinin. However, in vitro tests which best predicted in vivo responses to soy were those using inhibition with Pabs, particularly against native β-conglycinin: with antigen concentrations correlation coefficients were negative for apparent digestibility of nitrogen and positive for anti-soy antibody titers. However, Mabs were more powerful tools for studying effects of treatments on soy immunoreactivity. Keywords: Calf nutrition; ELISA; protein; soy
Effectiveness of Muscimol‐containing Microparticles against Pilocarpine‐induced Focal Seizures (2002)

Focally delivered biodegradable microparticles loaded with muscimol are effective in reducing seizure activity from pilocarpine in animals and mitigate the histologic effects.
Plasma characterization using terahertz-wave-enhanced fluorescence (2010)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jingle Liu, X.-C. Zhang; Plasma characterization using terahertz-wave-enhanced fluorescence. Appl. Phys. Lett. 25 January 2010; 96 (4): 041505. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3291676 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
How Accurately People can Discriminate the Differences of Floor Materials With Various Elasticities (2008)

Tactile ground surface indicators installed on sidewalks help visually impaired people walk safely. However, these indicators sometimes cause the nonvisually impaired to stumble. Thus, these indicators also have to be made safer and less of a problem for those who do not use them. There are several facilities in Japan that have installed floor materials of different elasticity to indicate paths for the visually impaired. However, the effectiveness of this method has not been tested. Therefore, this study examined how accurately people can discriminate differences in the elasticity of flooring samples. Flooring samples of different elasticity were presented by placing two walking boards made of plywood, each surfaced with one of three different flooring samples, in an end-to-end fashion. Ten young adults whose sight was temporarily cutoff by eye masks were asked to walk on the path for 144 trials and indicate whether the flooring samples were different or not. Interestingly, the percentages of correct answers were high for most pairs of samples. Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between the percentage of correct answers and the magnitude of difference in floor elasticity. These results indicate that people can distinguish changes of flooring samples fairly accurately, even when there are no convexities, if there is sufficient difference in elasticity between the flooring samples.
Nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes (2013)

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