gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Synthetic Jet Ejectors for Electronics Cooling (2007)

This paper presents the modeling results for prediction of thermal performance using synthetic jets ejectors. A synthetic jet is an intense, small-scale turbulent jet synthesized directly from the fluid in which it is embedded. A jet ejector consists of a primary high momentum jet inducing a secondary flow within a channel. In the work presented here, a 2D synthetic jet is used as the primary jet causing secondary flow to be induced in a channel. The flow entrainment prediction for the model is based on the solution of mass and momentum equations within the channel. A resistance network model is used to predict the thermal performance. The modeling results are compared with data from past tests of synthetic jet cooling within channels as well as a completely integrated synthetic jet heat sink module.
<title>Nonimaging optics: optical design at the thermodynamic limit</title> (1991)

Th design mcthods of nonimaging optics for illumination by light sourccs which arc of• finite extcnt arc well cstablishcd1. Two classcs of algorithms havc b2cn found which work at or ncar th2 s2cond—law of thermodynamics limit of prformancc. Th2 first of thsc is the "string" or "cdgc—ray" mcthod. It may bc succinctly characterized as a gcncralization of Fcrmat's principle. While all of imaging optics can in principle be derived from: _1 ndl = constant along a ray, the string solutions can be similarly derived from: I ndl = constant along a string. The second class of algorithms places reflectors along the line of flow of a radiation field set up by a radiating source. In cases of high symmetry such as a sphere or disc, we obtain ideal solutions in both two and three dimensions.
Acute Effects of Triiodothyronine on Endothelial Function in Human Subjects (2007)

T3 exerts direct and acute effects on the resistance vessels by enhancing endothelial function and norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction. The data may help clarify the vascular impact of the low T3 syndrome and point to potential therapeutic strategies.
Attend and Diagnose: Clinical Time Series Analysis using Attention Models (2017)

With widespread adoption of electronic health records, there is an increased emphasis for predictive models that can effectively deal with clinical time-series data. Powered by Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architectures with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units, deep neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art results in several clinical prediction tasks. Despite the success of RNNs, its sequential nature prohibits parallelized computing, thus making it inefficient particularly when processing long sequences. Recently, architectures which are based solely on attention mechanisms have shown remarkable success in transduction tasks in NLP, while being computationally superior. In this paper, for the first time, we utilize attention models for clinical time-series modeling, thereby dispensing recurrence entirely. We develop the \textit{SAnD} (Simply Attend and Diagnose) architecture, which employs a masked, self-attention mechanism, and uses positional encoding and dense interpolation strategies for incorporating temporal order. Furthermore, we develop a multi-task variant of \textit{SAnD} to jointly infer models with multiple diagnosis tasks. Using the recent MIMIC-III benchmark datasets, we demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in all tasks, outperforming LSTM models and classical baselines with hand-engineered features.
A dialética hegeliana na teoria da alienação de Marx (2010)

Apresentamos de forma resumida a teoria da alienação elaborada por Karl Marx nos seus Manuscritos de Paris, dando especial ênfase à herança hegeliana, neles fortemente visível. Vamos apresentar aqui este primeiro momento da sua obra no qual o tema pode ser apresentado com maior facilidade e segurança, podendo de algum modo servir de exemplo para a discussão maior sobre a influência hegeliana não só sobre os demais escritos de Marx, como também sobre parte dos demais filósofos do século XIX e XX. A herança hegeliana ultrapassa de longe a fronteira do marxismo e também carece de uma análise mais adequada quanto ao restante da filosofia destes dois últimos séculos.
Fully automated production of potential Malaria vaccines with <i>Pichia pastoris</i> in integrated processing (2011)

Abstract Here, we have studied the setup of an integrated bioprocess for the production of artificial Malaria vaccine candidates with Pichia pastoris . Production of pharmaceutically relevant proteins such as vaccines has high demands regarding protein processing in the bioreactor and for subsequent purification. To implement this challenging protein expression process, a highly instrumented bioreactor was configured for repeated fed batch cultivations and supplemented with an at‐line monitoring of the target protein production via HPLC. The integration of a fast in situ purification of the sensitive products using an expanded bed adsorption for a sequential integrated bioprocess allows cyclic product separation. Thus, a fully automated production of artificial malaria vaccines was achieved.
Diamine oxidase (histaminase). A circulating marker for rat intestinal mucosal maturation and integrity. (1980)

Diamine oxidase (histaminase) is an enzyme found in high concentrations in the intestinal mucosa of humans and other mammalian species. We investigated whether plasma and mucosal levels of diamine oxidase activity reflect both the maturational status of the mucosa during its development in the newborn rate and the degree of mucosal damage during its injury in the adult rat. Litter mates were reared under identical conditions and killed at different ages from day 0 to day 40 after birth. Diamine oxidase in the small intestine was low at birth, increased gradually with age, reached a peak at 22 d, and then remained at normal adult levels, similar to the developmental patterns of maltase and sucrase. Plasma diamine oxidase rose in parallel with intestinal levels (n = 500, r = 0.84, P less than 0.001), reached a peak at 24 d, and then remained at normal adult levels. Diamine oxidase activity in 15 nonintestinal tissues was less than 5% of ileal mucosal activity, and no nonintestinal activities showed increase with age. Adult rat intestinal loops were perfused with hyperosmolar sodium sulfate solutions to produce selective damage to villus mucosa. With increasing mucosal damage, there was a progressive decrease in the enzyme activities studied; first, lactase levels fell, then maltase and sucrase, and finally mucosal and plasma diamine oxidase activity levels fell. The decrease in plasma diamine oxidase reflected the degree of mucosal damage (n = 29, P less than 0.04). Diamine oxidase activity is thus unique among intestinal mucosal enzymes studied to date in that circulating levels can serve as a marker of mucosal maturation and integrity.
Ba<sub>4</sub>KFe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>: A Novel Ferrite Containing Discrete 6-Membered Rings of Corner-Sharing FeO<sub>4</sub> Tetrahedra (2011)

Single crystals of a new iron-containing oxide, Ba(4)KFe(3)O(9), were grown from a hydroxide melt, and the crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This ferrite represents the first complex oxide containing isolated 6-membered rings of corner-sharing FeO(4) tetrahedra. Mössbauer measurements are indicative of two tetrahedral high-spin Fe(3+) coordination environments. The observed magnetic moment (~3.9 μ(B)) at 400 K is significantly lower than the calculated spin-only (~5.2 μ(B)) value, indicating the presence of strong antiferromagnetic interactions in the oxide. Our density functional theory calculations confirm the strong antiferromagnetic coupling between adjacent Fe(3+) sites within each 6-membered ring and estimate the nearest-neighbor spin-exchange integral as ~200 K; next-nearest-neighbor interactions are shown to be negligible. The lower than expected effective magnetic moment for Ba(4)KFe(3)O(9) calculated from χT data is explained as resulting from the occupation of lower-lying magnetic states in which more spins are paired. X-band (9.5 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of a powder sample consist of a single line at g ~ 2.01 that is characteristic of Fe(3+) ions in a tetrahedral environment, thus confirming the Mössbauer results. Further analysis of the EPR line shape reveals the presence of two types of Fe(6) magnetic species with an intensity ratio of ~1:9. Both species have Lorentzian line shapes and indistinguishable g factors but differ in their peak-to-peak line widths (δB(pp)). The line-width ratio δB(pp)(major)/δB(pp)(minor) ~ 3.6 correlates well with the ratio of the Weiss constants, θ(minor)/θ(major) ~ 4.
Axiomatic derivation of the principle of maximum entropy and the principle of minimum cross-entropy (1980)

Jaynes's principle of maximum entropy and Kullbacks principle of minimum cross-entropy (minimum directed divergence) are shown to be uniquely correct methods for inductive inference when new information is given in the form of expected values. Previous justifications use intuitive arguments and rely on the properties of entropy and cross-entropy as information measures. The approach here assumes that reasonable methods of inductive inference should lead to consistent results when there are different ways of taking the same information into account (for example, in different coordinate system). This requirement is formalized as four consistency axioms. These are stated in terms of an abstract information operator and make no reference to information measures. It is proved that the principle of maximum entropy is correct in the following sense: maximizing any function but entropy will lead to inconsistency unless that function and entropy have identical maxima. In other words given information in the form of constraints on expected values, there is only one (distribution satisfying the constraints that can be chosen by a procedure that satisfies the consistency axioms; this unique distribution can be obtained by maximizing entropy. This result is established both directly and as a special case (uniform priors) of an analogous result for the principle of minimum cross-entropy. Results are obtained both for continuous probability densities and for discrete distributions.
Adaptive echo and noise cancellation for car hands-free voice communication (2013)

The speech signals are formed with echo caused by the reflections and also noise caused by engine, tyres, wind, etc during using hands-free voice communication in automobiles. In this paper, it has been focused on the adaptive filtering algorithms that based on eliminating purpose of not only noise removal but also separation in speech signals with echo and noise. It has been evaluated that the speech signals separation performance by comparing adaptive filtering methods that made with Least Mean Squares (LMS) and Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithms. Signals belong to near and far end speakers will be decomposed with each while near-end and far-end speakers' signals affected by noise are decomposing from noise with the proposed adaptive algorithms. Furthermore, convergency and error analyses are performed by comparing the performances of LMS and RLS algorithms.
Printed antenna pattern improvement through substrate perforation of high dielectric constant material: A FDTD evaluation (1998)

This paper examines the concept of using an array of holes in a substrate for antenna performance improvement. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical technique is used to demonstrate the utility of the concept. The results clearly show the substantial radiation performance improvement of printed antennas by lowering/controlling the effective dielectric constant of a substrate by perforating it with an array of holes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 18: 27–32, 1998.
Teriflunomide (2013)

Teriflunomide is a novel disease-modifying agent that was recently approved for use in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Teriflunomide has demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety in a number of large, multicenter, phase III clinical trials and is an attractive agent to add to the growing repertoire of available treatments for MS, as it has the benefit of oral administration. Furthermore, existing clinical experience with its parent drug, leflunomide, provides indirect long-term safety data. This review summarizes teriflunomide's pharmacologic properties, pivotal clinical trials, and safety profile, and ends with a discussion of the role of teriflunomide in the context of current and emerging MS treatment options.
Ultra‐fast efficient synthesis of one‐dimensional nanostructures (2011)

Abstract Self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS) can be regarded as an efficient method to obtain new nanomaterials. Different starting mixtures of magnesium powder with various carbonates (Li 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , CaCO 3 , FeCO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) were tried and the auto‐thermal reactions were carried out under both reactive (air) and neutral atmosphere (argon) with an initial pressure of 1 or 10 atm to yield novel nanomaterials. Both SiC nanofibres and novel branched SiC nanostructures were also obtained from Si/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mixtures and their synthesis and purification have been optimized. The application of those one‐dimensional (1‐D) SiC nanostructures as a composite filler is presented.
Simultaneously multi-UAV mapping and control with visual servoing (2015)

In this article, we proposed a framework to realize vision based multi-UAV cooperative mapping and control with image based visual servoing (IBVS). Equipped with a camera on each UAV platform respecitively, the multi-UAV system with overlapping camera field of view (FOV) can achieve ground mapping and formation cooperatively by image information interaction. Initially, we introduce the Multi-UAV system and the related geometry frames. Then the system functions are described in two parallel aspects. On the formation control aspect, we introduce the visual servoing feature with SIFT moment. A visual servoing controller is utilized to guide SUAV to track the desired feature given by MUAV so as to realize the formation flying. On the mapping aspect, two mapping modes, maximum combined filed of view (CFOV) and maximum Overlapping field of view (OFOV) are designed and different desired feature generation methods are proposed. In the end, simulations are carried out on both mapping mode to demonstrate the feasibility of proposed formation control and mapping method.
Relative Permeability Modifier (RPM): Suitability Screening With Reservoir Core Under Reservoir Conditions (2008)

Abstract The number of maturing reservoirs is increasing and the need to manage water production is becoming ever more pressing. As has been observed repeatedly it requires at least the same amount of energy to produce a barrel of water as it does to recover a barrel of oil. Water Shutoff Chemical Systems, especially the new generation of Relative Permeability Modifiers (RPM), offer a potential solution to the problems of excessive water production. Polymers, in the form of weak solutions, are intended to control water production, especially when oil bearing and water zones cannot be isolated. These products, identified as Relative Permeability Modifiers, are introduced to the reservoir, typically by bullhead injection or as fracture additives, with the intention of reducing the relative permeability to water, while avoiding as much as possible any reduction in the relative permeability to oil. The phenomenon that the placement seeks to induce is disproportionate permeability reduction (DPR) and will, where successfully applied, significantly reduce production costs. The claims made for the various RPM products in the technical and sales literature suggest that their applicability is essentially universal; being largely independent of such key parameters as wettability, pore throat size, clay content, saturation profile and temperature. If this were the case, RPMs would be employed on a routine basis, rather than infrequently, accompanied with a healthy level of scepticism. In reality each RPM treatment should be case specific, affording the client the opportunity to test the various products on offer. It also provides the suppliers with the opportunity to optimise the formulation of their particular Relative Permeability Modifier through the offices of an independent laboratory. This screening process is achieved through the deployment of representative and fully characterised core material, prepared to preserve factors such as wettability and clay fraction integrity. The testing on this material, undertaken at reservoir conditions of temperature and pressure, yields, on a "before and after" treatment basis, effective permeability and saturation data sets. From these values (Residual) Resistance Factors for the two fluid phases are produced, to quantify the effectiveness of the impedance of water flow, without significantly reducing oil production.
Bacteriostatic action of a novel four-component bioactive glass (2000)

Bacterial adhesion to biomaterials causing biomaterial-centered infection and poor tissue integration is a problem that limits the extensive use of many biomaterial devices in clinical applications. Bioactive materials are those biomaterials that form a compliant, mechanically stable bond with host tissue. Sol-gel-derived glasses in the three-component system SiO(2)-CaO-P(2)O(5) exhibit bioactivity that is dependent on composition and texture (i.e., specific surface area, pore size, structure, and distribution). The in vitro bioactivity and antibacterial action of a novel sol-gel-derived glass, AgBG, in the system SiO(2)-CaO-P(2)O(5)-Ag(2)O are compared with those of its three-component counterpart, BG. The incorporation of 3-wt % Ag(2)O conferred antimicrobial properties to the glass without compromising its bioactivity. AgBG exhibited a marked bacteriostatic effect on E. coli MG1655 with a minimum inhibiting concentration of 0.2 mg (biomaterial)/mL (culture solution), above which bacterial growth was reduced to 0.01% of that of the control culture. In comparison, BG did not possess antimicrobial properties over the concentration range investigated (0.1-40.0 mg/mL).
Colistin inhalation therapy in cystic fibrosis patients with chronic <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> lung infection (1987)

Forty patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic broncho-pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection entered a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study of colistin inhalation. Active treatment consisted of inhalation of colistin one million units twice daily for three months and was compared to placebo inhalations of isotonic saline. Significantly more patients in the colistin inhalation group completed the study as compared to the placebo group (18 versus 11). Colistin treatment was superior to placebo treatment in terms of a significantly better clinical symptom score, maintenance of pulmonary function and inflammatory parameters. We recommend colistin inhalation therapy for cystic fibrosis patients with chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection as a supplementary treatment to frequent courses of intravenous anti-pseudomonas chemotherapy.
Adaptive Neural Control for Output-Constrained Pure-Feedback Systems (2014)

This paper investigates an adaptive approximation design problem for the tracking control of output-constrained non-affine pure-feedback systems. To satisfy the desired performance without constraint violation, we employ a barrier Lyapunov function which grows to infinity whenever its argument approaches some limits. The main difficulty in dealing with pure-feedback systems considering output constraints is that the system has a non-affine appearance of the constrained variable to be used as a virtual control. To overcome this difficulty, the implicit function theorem and mean value theorem are exploited to assert the existence of the desired virtual and actual controls. The function approximation technique based on adaptive neural networks is used to estimate the desired control inputs. It is shown that all signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded.
Cost-effective watermark based detector for replay attacks on cyber-physical systems (2017)

Security issues of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are of great significance since cyber attacks may cause catastrophic effects on such systems. Due to the events of Stuxnet, replay attacks have gained increasing attention in recent years. To counter for the replay attacks, it has been proposed to impose additional watermarking signals to nominal control inputs. However, such detector may result in the waste of control cost especially when the attack is absent. In this paper, we firstly formulate an attack duration model for the replay attack. By exploiting the attack model, we propose a periodic watermarking strategy which aims to reduce the costs while guaranteeing the detection performance. Furthermore, we obtain an optimal periodic watermarking strategy for the approximated detection performance. Extensive simulations over quadruple water tank are conducted to demonstrate the system performance.
BladeCenter packaging, power, and cooling (2005)

This paper addresses the packaging, power, and cooling of the IBM eServer™ BladeCenter® compact server infrastructure consisting of 14 servers in a 7U (1U = 44.45 mm) vertical space for installation in an industry-standard rack. A typical rack is 42U tall. Therefore, six BladeCenter systems will fit in a rack, for a total of 84 servers. The density of a BladeCenter system (servers/U) is double that of previous 1U rack-optimized servers. To build such a dense server system required overcoming a multitude of challenges in packaging, power, and cooling design. Our approach to these challenges is described, but in the broader context of not only increasing the density, but setting a new server standard for a highly available redundant infrastructure with integrated systems management and network switching that uses less power and is simple to maintain on site or remotely, even by nonspecialized personnel. Server processors, memory, storage, and input/output devices were combined in a single compact server unit called a processor blade, while the support infrastructure, such as systems management, network connectivity, optical media, power, and cooling, was consolidated in a single structure and shared among many servers. The result is a package architecture that lends itself well to standardization. Custom server blades and input/output devices may be designed in accordance with BladeCenter base specifications and be effectively integrated into the blade server system.
Co-circulation of diverse paramyxoviruses in an urban African fruit bat population (2011)

Bats constitute a reservoir of zoonotic infections and some bat paramyxoviruses are capable of cross-species transmission, often with fatal consequences. Determining the level of viral diversity in reservoir populations is fundamental to understanding and predicting viral emergence. This is particularly relevant for RNA viruses where the adaptive mutations required for cross-species transmission can be present in the reservoir host. We report the use of non-invasively collected, pooled, neat urine samples as a robust sample type for investigating paramyxoviruses in bat populations. Using consensus PCR assays we have detected a high incidence and genetic diversity of novel paramyxoviruses in an urban fruit bat population over a short period of time. This may suggest a similarly unique relationship between bats and the members of the family Paramyxoviridae as proposed for some other viral families. Additionally, the high rate of bat-human contact at the study site calls for the zoonotic potential of the detected viruses to be investigated further.