gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Rank-1 Diffractive Optics for Single-Shot High Dynamic Range Imaging (2020)

High-dynamic range (HDR) imaging is an essential imaging modality for a wide range of applications in uncontrolled environments, including autonomous driving, robotics, and mobile phone cameras. However, existing HDR techniques in commodity devices struggle with dynamic scenes due to multi-shot acquisition and post-processing time, e.g. mobile phone burst photography, making such approaches unsuitable for real-time applications. In this work, we propose a method for snapshot HDR imaging by learning an optical HDR encoding in a single image which maps saturated highlights into neighboring unsaturated areas using a diffractive optical element (DOE). We propose a novel rank-1 parameterization of the proposed DOE which avoids vast trainable parameters and keeps high frequencies' encoding compared with conventional end-to-end design methods. We further propose a reconstruction network tailored to this rank-1 parametrization for recovery of clipped information from the encoded measurements. The proposed end-to-end framework is validated through simulation and real-world experiments and improves the PSNR by more than 7 dB over state-of-the-art end-to-end designs.
Robotic weld overlay coatings for erosion control. Quarterly technical progress report, January 1995--March 1995 (1995)

Research is presently being conducted to develop a criteria for selecting weld overlay coatings for erosion mitigation in Circulated Fluidized Beds. During the last two quarters tensile tests were performed at 400{degrees}C for the Ultimet, Inconel-625, 316L SS, C-22, and Stellite-6 wrought alloys. Also, the erosion tests for these materials at 400{degrees}C were completed. The results of mechanical and erosion tests are used to correlate mechanical properties of selected wrought alloys such as tensile toughness, ductility, strain hardening coefficient and yield strength to their erosion resistance at 400{degrees}C. Preliminary results of correlations between erosion resistance of wrought alloys at 400{degrees}C and their mechanical properties are presented in this progress report.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorine‐Containing Heterocycles: Syntheses and Some Reactions of New 3‐Amino‐2‐functionalized‐6‐(2′‐thienyl)‐4‐trifluoromethylthieno [2,3‐b]pyridines. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dystrophin constitutes 5% of membrane cytoskeleton in skeletal muscle (1991)

Dystrophin, which is absent in skeletal muscle of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients, has not been considered to play a major structural role in the cell membrane of skeletal muscle because of its low abundance (approximately 0.002% of total muscle protein). Here, we have determined the relative abundance of dystrophin in a membrane cytoskeleton preparation and found that dystrophin constitutes approximately 5% of the total membrane cytoskeleton fraction of skeletal muscle sarcolemma. In addition, dystrophin can be removed from sarcolemma by alkaline treatment. Thus, our results have demonstrated that dystrophin is a major component of the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton in skeletal muscle and suggest that dystrophin could play a major structural role in the cell membrane of skeletal muscle.
Studies of the optimum conditions for growth of rf-sputtered ZnO films (1975)

A technique for deposition of highly oriented rf-sputtered zinc oxide films on (111) gold, (111) silicon, (0001) sapphire, and fused quartz is described. The major parameters that were controlled during deposition are substrate temperature, input rf power, deposition pressure, and the deposition atmosphere. It was found that the best results were obtained with an rf power of 160 W, a deposition at 4 μ pressure in an 80 : 20 argon : oxygen mixture, and with the substrate temperature varied between 225 and 400 °C depending on the substrate. The deposition rate varied slightly around 120 Å/min, with very small variation for different substrates. The quality of the ZnO films was determined by reflection electron diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Acoustic-bulk-wave and acoustic-surface-wave delay lines were made by this technique. In all cases, high coupling coefficients were obtained.
Investigating the Effect of Miscibility on the Ionic Conductivity of LiClO<sub>4</sub>/PEO/PCL Ternary Blends (2004)

We demonstrate that miscibility affects the ionic conductivity of ternary polymer blends of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Although individually these three binary blends are fully miscible, a closed immiscibility loop exists in the ternary blend phase diagram as a result of the complicated interactions among LiClO4, PEO, and PCL. The addition of PCL suppresses the crystallization of PEO and results in higher ionic conductivity. FTIR spectroscopy studies indicate that an excess PCL content causes immiscibility, which results in PCL being excluded from the ternary blends. Consequently, the maximum ionic conductivity (6.3 × 10-7 S cm-1) at ambient temperature of ternary blends having a fixed LiClO4 content (25 wt %) is at a composition of 25/60/15 (LiClO4:PEO:PCL).
Characterization of the putative protein kinases specified by varicella-zoster virus genes 47 and 66 (1994)

The proteins predicted to be encoded by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genes 47 and 66 display sequence similarity to the serine/threonine family of protein kinases. Homologues of gene 47 exist in alpha-, beta- and gamma-herpesviruses but homologues of gene 66 are specific to the alpha-herpesviruses. Monospecific rabbit antisera were raised against two separate fusion proteins constructed from a portion of each protein fused to the carboxy terminus of beta-galactosidase. These antisera were used to characterize the 47 and 66 proteins in VZV-infected cells and in cells infected with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing each protein. The 47 proteins is a 54K phosphoprotein which is distributed between the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments of VZV-infected cells and is associated with the capsid/tegument fraction of purified VZV particles. Gene 66 encodes a 48K phosphoprotein when expressed by VZV or a vaccinia virus recombinant, and, in the latter case, the 66 protein was located exclusively in the cytoplasm. The 47 protein immunoprecipitated from VZV-infected cells could be phosphorylated in vitro, but the same protein produced by in vitro transcription and translation could not. This and other evidence indicates that additional proteins induced or encoded by VZV may be involved in the phosphorylation of the 47 protein.
Numerical potential field techniques for robot path planning (1991)

The authors investigate a path planning approach that consists of concurrently building and searching a graph connecting the local minima of a numerical potential field defined over the robot's configuration space. They describe techniques for constructing 'good' potentials and efficient methods for dealing with the local minima of these functions. These techniques have been implemented in fast planners that can deal with single and/or multiple robot systems with few and/or many degrees of freedom. Some experimental results with these planners are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Carbamate Oxime Reduction: A New Route to C3-Amino-1,4-benzodiazepines (1994)

A mild reduction method of C3-oximido-1,4-benzodiazepines to afford the C3-amino derivatives is described. The key step involves the formation of a carbamate oxime intermediate. The greater reactivity of the C3-(ethylaminocarbonyl)oximido-1,4-benzodiazepine towards hydrogenation, compared to the parent C3-oxime, enables the reduction to take place at ambient temperature using palladium-on-carbon. The mild conditions are more suitable for sensitive amines such as 3,5-diamino-1,4-benzodiazepines.
Using UML: Software Engineering with Objects and Rules (1999)

An ultrasound-responsive carrier for protein drugs is promising for site-specific release of proteins at disease sites in a designated time course because ultrasound readily penetrates deep into the interior of the body in a non-invasive way. However, the guideline for designing ultrasound-responsive carriers that are applicable to any protein remains to be established. Here, the aim is to develop an ultrasound-responsive material for the controlled release of a variety of proteins regardless of their charge and structure. The supramolecular polymeric hydrogel crosslinked with a host-guest interaction of β-cyclodextrin and adamantane can enclose two kinds of model proteins and site-specifically and stepwisely release them in an ultrasound-guided manner without losing their activities. Furthermore, ultrasound-guided protein delivery to living cells is achieved on model tissue consisting of cells and extracellular matrix. The results of this study provide the proof of principle that the supramolecular polymeric hydrogel is applicable as the core carrier material in an ultrasound-guided protein delivery system.
A High Accuracy Vehicle Positioning System Implemented in a Lane Assistance System when GPS Is Unavailable (2011)

The use of lane assistance systems can reduce the stress levels experienced by drivers and allow for better lane\nkeeping in narrow, bus-dedicated lanes. In 2008, the Intelligent Vehicles (IV) Lab at the University of Minnesota\nhas developed such a system for this purpose. The IV Lab lane-assist system uses dual frequency differential GPS\n(DGPS) for high accuracy position information. This position information is used in conjunction with a geospatial\ndatabase containing the road geometry and lane boundary positions required for a lane-assistance system. In urban\nenvironments, where tall buildings, overpasses, and other obstructions to the sky are present, DGPS suffers from\ninaccuracies and outages. This report proposes a method for replacing DGPS sensing with a high accuracy vehicle\npositioning system which fuses data from RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) and LiDAR (Light Detection and\nRanging) curb detection.\nA Vehicle Positioning System (VPS) was originally developed by the IV Lab to provide the lane level ("which lane\non the road") position of a vehicle with respect to a known reference (i.e., a mile marker or start of roadway) by the\nuse of encoded position information in RFID tags on the roadway, read by the vehicle. The lateral position\nresolution of VPS is constrained to one lane width, which is insufficient for lane-assistant systems. Thus, in-lane\nlevel ("where in the lane") lateral position estimation was supplemented by a LiDAR unit that generates an accurate\nposition of the vehicle with respect to the curb, which is cross referenced with a map database that provides the\ndistance from the lane center to the curb, thus providing the vehicle's lateral offset from the lane center. On-board\nodometry is used to maintain accurate longitudinal position in between tag reads. By fusing the information from\nthe VPS, LiDAR, and on-board odometry, high accuracy, "where in lane" level vehicle positioning can be\nmaintained from this enhanced VPS during DGPS outages.
Glycoconjugate vaccines: an update (2014)

The maintenance of robust immunisation programmes with high uptake rates is important in maintaining low rates of disease. Epidemiological surveillance systems are essential in monitoring any changes in infectious disease trends and in identifying emerging infections such as from non-typeable H. influenzae, pneumococcal serotype replacement disease and changes in the epidemiology of meningococcal serogroups. This is important to guide future vaccine development. Accessibility of these glycoconjugate vaccines in resource poor regions, which bear the highest disease burden from these pathogens, remains challenging largely due to high vaccine pricing. Recent aids from public and private funding, tiered vaccine pricing and the transfer of vaccine technology have helped in introducing these vaccines where they are most needed.
The regulation of genes and genomes by small RNAs (2007)

A recent Keystone Symposium on 'MicroRNAs and siRNAs: Biological Functions and Mechanisms' was organized by David Bartel and Shiv Grewal (and was held in conjunction with 'RNAi for Target Validation and as a Therapeutic', organized by Stephen Friend and John Maraganore). The 'MicroRNAs and siRNAs' meeting brought together scientists working on diverse biological aspects of small regulatory RNAs, including microRNAs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs and rasiRNAs). Among the themes discussed were the diversity of small regulatory RNAs and their developmental functions, their biogenesis, the identification of their regulatory targets, their mechanisms of action, and their roles in the elaboration of multicellular complexity.
Anti-phishing based on automated individual white-list (2008)

In phishing and pharming, users could be easily tricked into submitting their username/passwords into fraudulent web sites whose appearances look similar as the genuine ones. The traditional blacklist approach for anti-phishing is partially effective due to its partial list of global phishing sites. In this paper, we present a novel anti-phishing approach named Automated Individual White-List (AIWL). AIWL automatically tries to maintain a white-list of user's all familiar Login User Interfaces (LUIs) of web sites. Once a user tries to submit his/her confidential information to an LUI that is not in the white-list, AIWL will alert the user to the possible attack. Next, AIWL can efficiently defend against pharming attacks, because AIWL will alert the user when the legitimate IP is maliciously changed; the legitimate IP addresses, as one of the contents of LUI, are recorded in the white-list and our experiment shows that popular web sites' IP addresses are basically stable. Furthermore, we use Naïve Bayesian classifier to automatically maintain the white-list in AIWL. Finally, we conclude through experiments that AIWL is an efficient automated tool specializing in detecting phishing and pharming.
Measurement of DNA base damage in cells exposed to low doses of gamma-radiation: comparison between the HPLC-EC and comet assays (1999)

The modified comet assay appears to be an appropriate tool to estimate DNA base damage in cells exposed to low doses of gamma-radiation.
Prescription Drug Labeling Medication Errors: A Big Deal for Pharmacists (2010)

Today, in the health care profession, all types of medication errors including missed dose, wrong dosage forms, wrong time interval, wrong route, etc., are a big deal for better patient care. Today, problems related to medications are common in the healthcare profession, and are responsible for significant morbidity, mortality, and cost. Several recent studies have demonstrated that patients frequently have difficulty in reading and understanding medication labels. According to the Institute of Medicine report, "Preventing Medication Errors", cited poor labeling as a central cause for medication errors in the USA. Evidence suggests that specific content and format of prescription drug labels facilitate communication with and comprehension by patients. Efforts to improve the labels should be guided by such evidence, although an additional study assessing the influence of label design on medication-taking behavior and health outcomes is needed. Several policy options exist to require minimal standards to optimize medical therapy, particularly in light of the new Medicare prescription drug benefit.
Under-water unidirectional air penetration via a Janus mesh (2015)

Under-water and unidirectional air penetration, viz. air "diode", was effectively achieved on the basis of a composite mesh with Janus wettability. In the aqueous solution, the air bubbles can only pass through the mesh from the hydrophilic side to the superhydrophobic side, whereas they will be blocked from the opposite direction.
Quartz crystal analytical sensors: the future of label-free, real-time diagnostics? (2002)

Acoustic sensor technologies have a long and prestigious history. However, liquid phase applications based upon thickness shear mode transducers are a relatively recent addition but are nonetheless being rapidly accepted as a broad usage analytical platform upon which to carry out label-free, real-time chemical, biological and pharmaceutical assays. This article discusses the development of thickness shear mode devices, current technologies, with a focus on the breadth of application and the future potential of the technique within the pharmaceutical and biochemical industries.
Evaluation of the Antinociceptive Activity of <i>Ocimum gratissimum</i> L. (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil and its isolated Active Principles in Mice (2012)

Ocimum gratissimum is used in popular medicine to treat painful diseases. The antinociceptive properties of O. gratissimum essential oil (OgEO) and two of its active principles (eugenol and myrcene) were tested in classic models of pain (hot plate test and formalin test). Adult male C57BL/6 J mice acutely received corn oil (control group, p.o.), morphine (positive control group, 5 mg/kg, i.p.), OgEO (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg, p.o.), eugenol or myrcene (both at 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg, p.o.). The highest doses of all tested drugs significantly increased the latency to lick the paw(s) in the hot plate test compared with the control group. OgEO at a dose of 40 mg/kg and eugenol and myrcene at a dose of 10 mg/kg were effective in minimizing animal pain in the first and second phases of the formalin test. The antinociceptive effect shown by all drugs tested in hot plate test was reverted by naloxone administration (1 mg/kg), indicating opiod system participation. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of OgEO and its active principles against neurogenic and inflammatory pain. Our findings demonstrate that OgEO and its isolated active principles exhibited antinociceptive activity in murine pain models.
Studies of Body Composition and Fat Distribution in HIV-Infected and Control Subjects (1999)

Alterations in body fat distribution are a characteristic feature in HIV infection. The occurrence of increased visceral fat content and decreased subcutaneous fat content preceded the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. The alteration in fat distribution may be affected by plasma HIV RNA content rather than antiretroviral or protease-inhibitor therapy. The body composition alterations might be associated with endogenous hypercortisolism.
Technical Advance: Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by colchicine is modulated through viscoelastic properties of subcellular compartments (2013)

Colchicine is an efficient drug for the management of inflammatory diseases, such as gouty arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever. It affects neutrophil activity by interfering with the formation of microtubules. To test the hypothesis that therapeutic concentrations of colchicine modulate the mechanical properties of these cells, we applied a combination of biophysical techniques (optical stretching and microrheology) to analyze cellular deformability. The contribution of the subcellular compartments to the regulation of cell mechanics was determined by fitting a multicomponent model of cellular viscoelasticity to time-dependent deformation curves. Neutrophils were found to be less deformable in response to 10 ng/ml colchicine. The model-based analysis of cellular deformation revealed a decrease in cytoplasmatic elasticity and a substantial increase in both elasticity and viscosity of the cell membrane compartment in response to colchicine. These results correlate with a reduced number of cytoplasmatic microtubules and an increase in subcortical actin filaments. The latter finding was confirmed by microrheology and fluorescence microscopy. Neutrophil migration through small pores requiring substantial cellular deformations, but not through large pores, was significantly impaired by colchicine. These data demonstrate that colchicine determines mechanics of neutrophils and, thereby, motility in confined spaces, which is crucial during extravasation of neutrophils in response to inflammatory stimuli.
Human Endothelial Cells Augment Early CD40 Ligand Expression in Activated CD4+ T Cells Through LFA-3-Mediated Stabilization of mRNA (1999)

Human endothelial cells (EC) augment CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression on PHA-activated CD4+ T cells at early times (e.g., 4-6 h). Fixed EC, devoid of mRNA, are comparable to living EC in their capacity to augment early CD40L expression on CD4+ T cells. Fixed EC increase T cell mRNA expression of both IL-2 and CD40L compared with PHA alone at 6 h. EC are unable to increase the rate of transcription of CD40L compared with PHA alone as measured with a promoter-reporter gene, although they do increase transcription of an IL-2 promoter-reporter gene. Fixed EC prolong the half-life of CD40L mRNA >2-fold. Inclusion of anti-human LFA-3 (CD58) mAb or pretreatment of EC with an LFA-3 antisense oligonucleotide blocks EC-induced increases in CD40L expression, whereas mAb to ICAM-1 or pretreatment with ICAM-1 antisense oligonucleotide does not. Moreover, mAb to LFA-3 reverses the capacity of EC to prolong the half-life of CD40L mRNA, whereas mAb to ICAM-1, even in combination with mAb to ICAM-2, does not. We conclude that EC use LFA-3 to increase early CD40L protein expression on newly activated CD4+ T cells by stabilizing CD40L mRNA.