gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tech support people: we're not that bad! (1999)

Transillumination breast spectroscopy (TiBS) uses nonionizing optical radiation to gain information about tissue properties directly from the breast. TiBS measurements were obtained from 225 women with normal mammograms. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the spectral data set into four principal components and to generate four TiBS scores (t1-t4) for each woman. These components and scores represent light scattering, water, lipid, and hemoglobin content. Percent density, dense area, and nondense area were measured using Cumulus. The association between TiBS scores and quantitative mammographic features was analyzed using linear regression stratified by menopausal status and adjusted for body mass index. Among premenopausal women, t1 and t3 were significantly associated with percent density (beta t1 = -0.14, P = 0.04; beta t3 = -2.43, P < 0.0001), whereas t2 and t3 were significantly associated with dense area (beta t2 = -1.57, P < 0.0001; beta t3 = -2.54, P < 0.0001). Among postmenopausal women, t1, t3, and t4 were significantly associated with percent density (beta t1 = -0.30, P < 0.0001; beta t3 = -2.51, P < 0.0001; beta t4 = 4.75, P < 0.0001) and dense area (beta t1 = -0.19, P = 0.004; beta t3 = -2.13, P = 0.002; beta t4 = 5.02, P < 0.0001). Scores t2 and t4 were also significantly correlated with age among postmenopausal women (rt2 = 0.41 and rt4 = -0.36). Given the association with quantitative mammographic features and tissue changes related to age and menopause, TiBS scores may prove useful as intermediate markers in studies of breast cancer etiology and prevention.
Diffusion and oxide viscous flow mechanism in SDB process and silicon wafer rapid thermal bonding (1990)

A relationship between bonding strength and bonding area has been found which suggests that the increase in bonding strength is caused by the bonding area increase in the oxidised silicon wafer direct bonding (SDB) process. The bonding area shows a saturation property with bonding time. Diffusion of various species existing in bonding interface region plays a key role in SDB process over different temperature. Viscous flow of the oxides completes bonding at T > 1050°C. A rapid thermal bonding (RTB) at 1200°C for 2min following 800°C for 2hr annealing realises complete bonding with little doping profile change in the system.
The effects of smoking on dry eye parameters in healthy women (2016)

Smoking behavior seems to affect the dry eye parameters negatively.
Regulation of membrane phospholipid catabolism in senescing carnation flowers (1987)

Evidence has been obtained for the involvement of μ M levels of Ca 2+ in phospholipid catabolism during petal senescence by following the breakdown of [U‐ 14 C]‐phosphatidylcholine by microsomal membranes from cut carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. White‐sim) flowers. Phospholipid degradation was mediated by three membrane‐associated lipases, viz. phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4), phosphatidic acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.4) and lipolytic acyl hydrolase. The activities of phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid phosphatase were stimulated by 30 and 100%, respectively, in the presence of 40 μ M free Ca 2+ , and the Ca 2+ ‐stimulation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase was calmodulin‐dependent. When L‐3‐phosphatidyl‐[2‐ 3 H]‐inositol and L‐3‐phosphatidyl‐[N‐methyl‐ 3 H]‐choline were used as substrates, inositol and choline accounted for 95 and 99%, respectively, of the water‐soluble radiolabelled products. This suggests a predominance of phospholipase D activity over phospholipase C activity in these membranes. Breakdown of membrane phospholipids in senescing carnations is known to be accelerated by treatment of young flowers with ethylene. To determine whether this involves a specific turnover of phosphatidylinositol as observed in animal systems in response to certain agonists, young flowers pre‐labelled with 32 PO 3‐ 4 were treated with 10 ppm ethylene. All phospholipids incorporated the label, but no enhanced turnover of phosphatidylinositol was observed. Inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate did not release Ca 2+ from preloaded microsomal vesicles at concentrations known to be effective in animal systems (i.e. < 5 μ M ) although release of Ca 2+ was observed when a higher (20 μ M ) concentration was used.
Kinetic characterization of biomass dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis: Mixtures of hardwoods, softwood, and switchgrass (2008)

Abstract The effects of woody biomass mixtures were investigated on the rates of hemicellulose hydrolysis by dilute acid. Very good agreement between the model predictions and single species acid hydrolysis data confirmed the validity of a pseudo first‐order model approach. This model was then utilized to predict monomer sugar concentrations for mixtures of hardwood (aspen, basswood, and red maple), a softwood (balsam), and the energy crop switchgrass, with very good agreement. The results of this study show that there are not significant synergistic or antagonistic effects by mixtures of woody biomass species on the kinetics of hemicellulose hydrolysis by dilute acid. Kinetic parameters were developed for each woody biomass species with xylose formation activation energies ranging from 76.19–171.20 kJ/mol, and pre‐exponential factors ranging from 2.19 × 10 8 –7.73 × 10 19 min −1 . Overall xylose yields for pure biomass species ranged from approximately 66–88% with balsam having the lowest yield and switchgrass producing the highest yield. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Morphology of polyurethanes with triol monomer crosslinked on hard segments (1999)

Polyester-based polyurethanes containing ≈60 wt % of polyester were synthesized from low molecular weight polyester (Mn ≈2000) and 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), with butanediol as a chain extender and glycerol as a crosslinker. The triol crosslinker was used in substitution for the 1,4-butanediol chain extender; thus, the crosslinker was chemical bonded to the hard segments of polyurethane. The morphologies of these polyurethanes were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), TMA (thermal mechanical analysis), and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). Owing to the highly steric hindrance, the presence of triol crosslinker in the hard segments resulted in a decrease in the aggregation of hard segments through hydrogen bonding. The experimental results revealed that the degree of phase segregation of soft and hard segments decreased with increasing the triol crosslinker content in the hard segments. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 2673–2681, 1999
Interpreting Neural Networks to Improve Politeness Comprehension (2016)

We present an interpretable neural network approach to predicting and understanding politeness in natural language requests. Our models are based on simple convolutional neural networks directly on raw text, avoiding any manual identification of complex sentiment or syntactic features, while performing better than such feature-based models from previous work. More importantly, we use the challenging task of politeness prediction as a testbed to next present a much-needed understanding of what these successful networks are actually learning. For this, we present several network visualizations based on activation clusters, first derivative saliency, and embedding space transformations, helping us automatically identify several subtle linguistics markers of politeness theories. Further, this analysis reveals multiple novel, high-scoring politeness strategies which, when added back as new features, reduce the accuracy gap between the original featurized system and the neural model, thus providing a clear quantitative interpretation of the success of these neural networks.
Physiological response and microRNA expression profiles in head kidney of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to acute cold stress (2018)

Cold stress has a serious impact on the overwintering survival and yield of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Understanding the physiological and molecular regulation mechanisms of low-temperature adaptation is necessary to help breed new tolerant strains. The semi-lethal low temperature of juvenile GIFT at 96 h was determined as 9.4 °C. We constructed and sequenced two small RNA libraries from head kidney tissues, one for the control (CO) group and one for the 9.4 °C-stressed (LTS) group, and identified 1736 and 1481 known microRNAs (miRNAs), and 164 and 152 novel miRNAs in the CO and LTS libraries, respectively. We verify the expression of nine up-regulated miRNAs and eight down-regulation miRNAs by qRT-PCR, and found their expression patterns were consistent with the sequencing results. We found that cold stress may have produced dysregulation of free radical and lipid metabolism, decreased superoxide dismutase activity, reduced respiratory burst and phagocytic activity of macrophages, increased malondialdehyde content, and adversely affected the physiological adaptation of GIFT, eventually leading to death. This study revealed interactions among miRNAs and signal regulated pathways in GIFT under cold stress that may help to understand the pathways involved in cold resistance.
Overview of the Mutational Landscape in Primary Myelofibrosis and Advances in Novel Therapeutics (2019)

Primary Myelofibrosis is a BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasm with a variety of hematological presentations, including thrombosis, bleeding diathesis and marrow fibrosis. It is estimated to have an incidence of 1.5 per 100,000 people each year. Although JAK2 or MPL mutations are seen in PMF, several other mutations have recently been documented, including mutations in CALR, epigenetic regulators like TET, ASXL1, and 13q deletions. The identification of these mutations has improved the ability to develop novel treatment options. These include JAK inhibitors like ruxolitinib, heat shock protein-90 inhibitors like ganetespib, histone deacetylase inhibitors including panobinostat, pracinostat, vorinostat and givinostat, hypomethylating agents like decitabine, hedgehog inhibitors like glasdegib, PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors like everolimus as well as telomerase inhibitors like imtelstat. Research on novel therapeutic options is being actively pursued in order to expand treatment options for primary myelofibrosis however currently, there is no curative therapy other than allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) which is possible in select patients.
Late osteochondral allograft resurfacing for tibial plateau fractures. (1984)

Seventeen patients in whom secondary degenerative arthritis developed after a tibial plateau fracture underwent osteochondral allograft resurfacing of the involved plateau. The transplantation was done within twenty-four hours of procurement of the allograft from a cadaver donor so that viable cartilage would be used. There were sixteen tibial resurfacing grafts, and one patient had a tibial and femoral graft. Twelve patients have been followed for more than two years. A rating system for pain and function showed marked improvement in ten of the twelve patients. The clinical results were not related to age, interval from injury to grafting, type of graft, length of follow-up, or radiographic data. We believe that appropriate selection of patients for the procedure was the factor that led to the best results. Collapse of the osseous portion of the graft measuring more than three millimeters occurred in two patients, and there was obliteration of the cartilaginous joint space in one patient. This method of joint resurfacing requires minimum resection of tissue and avoids the use of a prosthesis. The ultimate fate of these grafts is not known, but the results in our series were encouraging. however, at this time the procedure should be restricted to younger patients with disabling, localized post-traumatic arthritis.
Spectral Fingerprinting for Determination of Panax Species, Growing Site, and Treatment (2010)

The purpose of this project was to develop a simple chemical identification method for three Panax species. Spectral fingerprints of Panax ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolium grown in Canada, China, and the US were obtained using ultraviolet (UV), near-infrared (NIR), and mass spectrometry (MS) and analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and fuzzy rule-building expert system (FuRES). UV and MS data were obtained directly from a methanol-water extract (no separation) and the NIR data were obtained from finely powdered solids. MS data were collected on LCQ and Exactive instruments (Thermo Scientific) with injection across a guard column. UV data were collected on the LCQ from a diode array detector (DAD) downstream of the guard column and from 96-well plate reader (96WPR) (Molecular Devices). With PCA, all methods were capable of discriminating between the 3 species. P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium were tightly clustered, compared to the P. ginseng. Preparation methods for P. ginseng (i.e. red, white, or raw) were easily distinguished. MS and NIR could differentiate between P. quinguefolium grown in Canada, China, and the US. SIMCA, based on one principal component, was accurate at better than 96% in discriminating between the 3 species. PLS-DA modeling provided 100% accuracy in predicting the species from MS data and 94–98% for UV data. FuRES was 100% accurate for MS and 82–97% accurate for UV. There were differences in the UV data sets since the transmission of the 96WPR ended at 230nm. Transmission for the DAD extended below 200nm and provided better discrimination. These data suggest that P. quinquefolium can be distinguished from the other species and the growing site identified.
Multiple Signaling Pathways Converge on the Cbfa1/Runx2 Transcription Factor to Regulate Osteoblast Differentiation (2003)

The Cbfa1/Runx2 transcription factor is essential for osteoblast differentiation. However, levels of Runx2 are often not well correlated with its transcriptional activity suggesting that this factor must be activated either by covalent modification or through interactions with other nuclear components. Runx2 is phosphorylated and activated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. This pathway is stimulated in at least two ways: by binding of type I collagen to alpha2beta1 integrins on the osteoblast surface and by treatment of cells with the osteogenic growth factor, FGF2. Protein kinase A (PKA) also may phosphorylate/activate Runx2 under certain conditions. Runx2 activity also is enhanced by factors known to stimulate specific signal transduction pathways such as PTH/PTHrP (signals through PKA and PKC pathways) and BMPs (Signal through Smad proteins). Interactions with Runx2 are complex involving both binding of distinct components such as AP-1 factors and Smads to separate sites on DNA, direct interactions between Runx2 and AP-1/Smad factors and MAPK or PKA-dependent Runx2 phosphorylation. These findings suggest that Runx2 plays a central role in coordinating multiple signals involved in osteoblast differentiation.
Quantitative Aspects of Binding of Canine Serum Immunoglobulins to Staphylococcus aureus Protein A (1981)

Quantitative interactions of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SPA) and canine immunoglobulins (Ig) are described. The S aureus Cowan strain I bound canine IgG, IgM, and IgA, whereas binding was not observed with the SPA-negative Wood 46 strain of S aureus. In a quantitative adsorption experiment, the results indicated that IgA, though present in the lowest amounts in the samples, appeared to be substantially bound by SPA. Adsorption of sera with SPA-negative Wood strain bacteria resulted in nonspecific protein losses in supernatants of 0% to 15%.
How to Read the Chinese Novel. Edited by David L. Ralston. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990. xvii, 534 pp. $59.50. (1991)

Book Review| February 01 1991 How to Read the Chinese Novel How to Read the Chinese Novel. Edited by David L. Ralston. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990. xvii, 534 pp. $59.50. Timothy C. Wong Timothy C. Wong The Ohio State University Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Asian Studies (1991) 50 (1): 139–142. https://doi.org/10.2307/2057496 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Timothy C. Wong; How to Read the Chinese Novel. Journal of Asian Studies 1 February 1991; 50 (1): 139–142. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2057496 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsJournal of Asian Studies Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 19911991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Book Reviews—China and Inner Asia You do not currently have access to this content.
<i>In Vitro</i> Synthesis of DNA Complementary to Purified Rabbit Globin mRNA (1972)

Several properties of the viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerases and of rabbit globin mRNA make it possible to consider synthesis of the globin gene in vitro. These enzymes copy an RNA template using a short sequence of complementary nucleotides as a primer. Furthermore, globin mRNA has a 3'-terminal sequence of adenylic acid residues that make it particularly suitable as a template, since oligo(dT) can be annealed to a specific site on the mRNA. This small primer could phase the DNA polymerase, possibly ensuring that replication is initiated from that end of the globin message. We have used this approach and find that purified mRNA is an efficient template for the polymerase enzyme. The reaction requires the RNA template and the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, and it is markedly stimulated by the addition of oligo(dT). Consistent with the expectation that the oligo(dT) uniquely phases the polymerase at an adenine-rich region in the globin message, oligo(dG), oligo(dC), and oligo(dA) fail to serve as primers. The product has a density intermediate between that of DNA and RNA, and shifts to a lighter DNA density after treatment with base. Further, it is specifically complementary to globin mRNA and sediments slightly faster in an alkaline sucrose gradient than a DNA standard that has a molecular weight of 129,000. The data suggest that a major portion of the DNA product is a sequence of at least 500 bases, about 50 more than would be necessary to encode rabbit globin. The potential usefulness of this interesting product is discussed.
Cellular and molecular biology of ensheathing cells (2002)

Ensheathing cells are the glial cells that envelop olfactory axons as they course from the olfactory epithelium to the bulb. They are derived from the olfactory placode and differ from the typical glia in terms of sharing the phenotypes of both astrocytes and Schwann cells. The aims of this study are to review (1) cellular characterisation of ensheathing cells in vivo and in vitro, (2) molecular insight into their growth promoting properties, and (3) their role in olfactory development and potential function as a therapeutic agent for nerve repair. Much of the characterisation of ensheathing cell property has developed from immunohistochemical studies that have been supplemented with new molecular methodologies in recent years. Many pieces of evidence clearly indicate that ensheathing cells actively produce growth-promoting molecules, which act in a paracrine and, in some cases, autocrine manner. However, a review of the available literature also suggests that there is a great deal that remains to be elucidated regarding the cell biology of ensheathing cells, for example, their rate of formation and turnover. In addition, the apparent antigenic heterogeneity as revealed by numerous in vitro studies warrants further analysis, particularly in view of the fact that in recent years these cells have been touted as a possible agent for central nerve repair. New molecular methodologies such as the microarray techniques will prove to be crucial for defining the unique characteristics of ensheathing cells.
The effect of group size on social facilitation and social loafing as measured in productivity (2004)

In recent years, there has been increased awareness in the apparent change of individual behavior when placed in a group. This study was designed to examine the relationship between group size and productivity. All 48 participants took part in each of the three trials. In each trial they were given a word (duct tape, knife or water) and worked as an individual, pair, or group of four to generate uses for that word. It was a prediction of this experiment that individual productivity would increase when the participant worked as a pair. However, it was also expected that the individuals' productivity would decrease when they were placed in a group of four. Data showed that individuals had the highest productivity while working as an individual and were the least productive while working in a group of four. However, data also showed that increasing group size led to an overall increase in the groups' total productivity. Several variables were identified for further study.
Human Mycobacterium tuberculosis CD8 T Cell Antigens/Epitopes Identified by a Proteomic Peptide Library (2013)

Identification of CD8(+) T cell antigens/epitopes expressed by human pathogens with large genomes is especially challenging, yet necessary for vaccine development. Immunity to tuberculosis, a leading cause of mortality worldwide, requires CD8(+) T cell immunity, yet the repertoire of CD8 antigens/epitopes remains undefined. We used integrated computational and proteomic approaches to screen 10% of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteome for CD8 Mtb antigens. We designed a weighting schema based upon a Multiple Attribute Decision Making:framework to select 10% of the Mtb proteome with a high probability of containing CD8(+) T cell epitopes. We created a synthetic peptide library consisting of 15-mers overlapping by 11 aa. Using the interferon-γ ELISPOT assay and Mtb-infected dendritic cells as antigen presenting cells, we screened Mtb-specific CD8(+) T cell clones restricted by classical MHC class I molecules (MHC class Ia molecules), that were isolated from Mtb-infected humans, against this library. Three novel CD8 antigens were unambiguously identified: the EsxJ family (Rv1038c, Rv1197, Rv3620c, Rv2347c, Rv1792), PE9 (Rv1088), and PE_PGRS42 (Rv2487c). The epitopes are B5701-restricted EsxJ24-34, B3905-restricted PE953-67, and B3514-restricted PE_PGRS4248-56, respectively. The utility of peptide libraries in identifying unknown epitopes recognized by classically restricted CD8(+) T cells was confirmed, which can be applied to other intracellular pathogens with large size genomes. In addition, we identified three novel Mtb epitopes/antigens that may be evaluated for inclusion in vaccines and/or diagnostics for tuberculosis.