gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New avenues in the medical treatment of Cushing’s disease: corticotroph tumor targeted therapy (2013)

Cushing's disease (CD) is a condition of chronic hypercortisolism caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. First-line transsphenoidal surgery is not always curative and disease sometimes recurs. Radiotherapy often requires months or years to be effective, and is also not curative in many cases. Consequently, effective medical therapies for patients with CD are needed. Corticotroph adenomas frequently express both dopamine (D2) and somatostatin receptors (predominantly sstr5). Pasireotide, a somatostatin analog with high sstr5 binding affinity, has shown urinary free cortisol (UFC) reductions in most patients with CD in a large phase 3 trial, with UFC normalization and tumor shrinkage in a subset of patients. Adverse events were similar to other somatostatin analogs, with the exception of the degree and severity of hyperglycemia. Two small trials (one prospective and one retrospective) have suggested that cabergoline, a D2 receptor agonist, could be effective in normalizing UFC, but current long-term data results are conflicting. Combination treatment with pasireotide plus cabergoline and the adrenal steroidogenesis inhibitor ketoconazole has been successful, but further investigation in larger trials is necessary. Retinoic acid also showed interesting results in a recent very small prospective study. Glucocorticoid receptor blockade with mifepristone has recently demonstrated improvement in signs and symptoms of Cushing's and glycemic control; however, this modality does not address the etiology of the disease and has inherent adverse events related to its mechanism of action. Pituitary-targeted medical therapies will soon play a more prominent role in treating CD, and may potentially become first-line medical therapy when surgery fails or is contraindicated.
Fabrication of Transparent Y_2Hf_2O_7 Ceramic from Combustion Synthesized Powders (2011)

Y(NO3)3,HfCl4 and EDTA as raw materials,Y2Hf2O7 nanopowder were successfully prepared by combustion synthesis method.The as-burnt powder were calcined at 1200℃ and then ball-milled for 15h.The powders were formed into green bodies with a size of φ20mm×2.5mm by cold isostatic pressing(CIP,200MPa).Y2Hf2O7 transparent ceramics were obtained by sintering the green bodies at 1850℃ in vacuum for 6h.The resultant ceramics showed a transmittance of 50% in the visible spectral region.The sintering behavior of the prepared Y2Hf2O7 powders was investigated.When the sintering temperature was above 1850℃,sintering temperature had little effect on the transmittance of the ceramic.Meanwhile the grain size became larger with sintering temperature increasing.
Paraoxonases as Potential Antibiofilm Agents: Their Relationship with Quorum-Sensing Signals in Gram-Negative Bacteria (2011)

The property of many bacteria to form biofilms constitutes a major health problem. Bacteria living in biofilms have a very high resistance to antibiotics. Biofilms may develop at a certain locations with the participation of secreted molecules, termed quorum-sensing signals, when a sufficient density of bacterial growth occurs. In Gram-negative bacteria, acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) have been identified as major quorum-sensing signals. The paraoxonases (PONs) constitute a family of enzymes comprising 3 members (PON1, PON2, and PON3) that have lactonase activity and are able to hydrolyze AHL. In this minireview, we summarize some existing basic knowledge on PON genetics, biochemistry, and function and describe recent research that reports evidence of the important roles that they may play in the organism's defense against biofilm formation. Finally, we propose some lines of future research that could be very productive.
Experimental Evaluation of Second-Line Oral Treatments of Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i> (1999)

In a murine model of Leishmania infantum visceral leishmaniasis, metronidazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine were less effective than antimonial agents in reducing hepatic parasite load. Ketoconazole potentiated the effect of meglumine antimoniate reference therapy through its marked activity against spleen infection.
Multi-resolution on compressed sets of clauses (2002)

The paper presents a system based on new operators for handling sets of propositional clauses represented by means of ZBDDs (zero-suppressed binary decision diagrams). The high compression power of such data structures allows efficient encodings of structured instances. A specialized operator for the distribution of sets of clauses is introduced and used for performing multi-resolution on clause sets. Cut eliminations between sets of clauses of exponential size may then be performed using polynomial size data structures. The ZREs system, a new implementation of the Davis-Putnam procedure (M. Davis and H. Putnam, 1960), solves two hard problems for resolution, that are currently out of the scope of the best SAT provers.
Elevated expression of thymidylate synthase in doxorubicin resistant human non small cell lung carcinomas. (1993)

Human non-small cell lung carcinomas of previously untreated patients were analyzed for expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) using immunohistochemistry. Of the 94 tumors, 67 were positive for TS and 27 negative. A significant correlation between the expression of TS and the resistance to doxorubicin was found (p < 0.0001). Eighty-four percent of the TS-positive tumors were resistant to doxorubicin, whereas of the 27 TS-negative tumors only 44 percent were resistant. A group of patients (n = 13) were treated with combination chemotherapy including 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cisplatinum. Seven of the 8 tumors which were TS-positive were clinically progressive, whereas 4 of 5 tumors which were TS-negative showed clinical remission after chemotherapy (p < 0.05; Fisher exact test). The patients whose tumors were TS negative lived significantly longer than those with TS-positive tumors. The median survival times were 185 weeks for patients with TS-negative and 41 weeks for patients with TS-positive tumors (p < 0.05; log-rank-test). Thus the expression of TS is a strong prognostic factor for resistance of tumors, clinical course and survival of patients with non-small cell lung carcinomas.
Biochemical Characterization of the Wilson Disease Protein and Functional Expression in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)

Wilson disease is a disorder of copper metabolism characterized by hepatic cirrhosis and neuronal degeneration due to inherited mutations in a gene encoding a putative copper-transporting P-type ATPase. Polyclonal antisera generated against the amino terminus of the Wilson protein detected a specific 165-kDa protein in HepG2 and CaCo cell lysates. Further analysis revealed that this protein is synthesized as a single-chain polypeptide and localized to the trans-Golgi network under steady state conditions. An increase in the copper concentration resulted in the rapid movement of this protein to a cytoplasmic vesicular compartment. This copper-specific cellular redistribution of the Wilson protein is a reversible process that occurs independent of a new protein synthesis. Expression of the wild-type but not mutant Wilson protein in the ccc2Delta strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae restored copper incorporation into the multicopper oxidase Fet3p, providing direct evidence of copper transport by the Wilson protein. Taken together these data reveal a remarkable evolutionary conservation in the cellular mechanisms of copper metabolism and provide a unique model for the regulation of copper transport into the secretory pathway of eucaryotic cells.
Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 on the American continent (2014)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most important seafood-borne bacterial in recent years and is the leading causal agent of human acute gastroenteritis, primarily following the consumption of raw, undercooked or mishandled marine products. Until 1996, infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus were generally associated with diverse serovars. However, in February 1996, a unique serovar (O3:K6) of V. parahaemolyticus with specific genetic markers (tdh, toxRS/New and/or orf8) appeared abruptly in Kolkata, India. In subsequent years, O3:K6 isolates similar to those isolated in Kolkata have been reported from food borne outbreaks in Southeast Asia, as well as in the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States (U.S). More recently, there have been reports in Europe, Africa and Central and South America. Specifically, in the American continent, some countries have reported cases of gastroenteritis due to the pandemic O3:K6 strain and its serovariants; the pandemic strain was first detected in Peru (1996, >100 cases), subsequently spreading to Chile in 1998 (>16,804 human cases), to the U.S. in 1998 (>700 cases), to Brazil in 2001 (>18 cases) and to Mexico in 2004 (>1200 cases). The arrival of the pandemic clone on the American continent may have resulted in a significant shift on the epidemic dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus. However, although O3:K6 is the predominant serovar of the recognized clinical strains in some countries in the Americas, a decrease in clinical cases caused by O3:K6 and an increase in cases associated with a new serotype (O3:K59, Chile) have been recently reported. The emergence and worldwide dissemination of O3:K6 and other pandemic strains since 1996 have come to represent a threat to public health and should concern health authorities. This review focuses on the presence, distribution and virulence factors of the V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 pandemic clone and its serovariants in clinical and environmental strains on the American continent.
Origamizing Polyhedral Surfaces (2009)

This paper presents the first practical method for "origamizing" or obtaining the folding pattern that folds a single sheet of material into a given polyhedral surface without any cut. The basic idea is to tuck fold a planar paper to form a three-dimensional shape. The main contribution is to solve the inverse problem; the input is an arbitrary polyhedral surface and the output is the folding pattern. Our approach is to convert this problem into a problem of laying out the polygons of the surface on a planar paper by introducing the concept of tucking molecules. We investigate the equality and inequality conditions required for constructing a valid crease pattern. We propose an algorithm based on two-step mapping and edge splitting to solve these conditions. The two-step mapping precalculates linear equalities and separates them from other conditions. This allows an interactive manipulation of the crease pattern in the system implementation. We present the first system for designing three-dimensional origami, enabling a user can interactively design complex spatial origami models that have not been realizable thus far.
The design of composite optical encoder (2009)

In order to improve minimize volume, lighten the weight of Measurement and Control Equipment, the design of a composite optical encoder is put forward in this paper. The composite encoder can achieve the angle measurement as the absolute encoder, and the servo-control as the increment encoder. Base on the requirement of the Measurement and Control Equipment, the Composite code disc and the slot is designed, then the precision test is implemented on the composite optical encoder. The experimental result shows that the composite optical encoder not only output the measurement of the angle, but also provides speed feedback control signal. It has advantages of small volume, light weight, which can meet the requirements of Measurement and Control Equipment.
Medication review: FK 506. (1991)

Overall, the absolute rate of clinical rejection in FK 506 patients is only slightly lower than with current standard therapies, but fewer steroid boluses, steroid recycles, and OKT 3 courses were needed as compared to CyA patients. FK 506 has not significantly affected allograft or patient survival or the incidence of infection as compared to CyA. It does have the benefit of allowing for the potential elimination or reduction in dose of azathioprine and prednisone. The majority of information available on FK 506 is generated by the sole human clinical trial site in Pittsburgh. Far more data from other clinical trial sites will be essential to finalize information on dosing, side effects, and drug monitoring for renal transplant recipients. The role of FK 506 in renal transplantation has yet to be well defined. The frequency and severity of side effects produced by this drug will be major determinants in its long-term usefulness for renal transplant recipients.
Modeling and control of an under-actuated miniature crawler robot (2002)

This paper presents the modeling and control of our second generation prototype miniature crawler robot which was targeted to applications in constrained environments. The mechanical design and the drive mechanism of the robot are first discussed A kinematic model is then derived and the motion planning is analyzed. A description of the Texas Instrument DSP-based embedded controller is presented. Finally, experimental results are presented for evaluation of the robot performance.
[Therapeutic effect of inosine in Tourette syndrome and its possible mechanism of action]. (1990)

We found incidentally 3 years ago that inosine relieved the symptoms in a patient with Tourette syndrome. Since then, 36 patients suffered from Tourette syndrome were exclusively treated with inosine, 50-90 mg/kg daily in divided doses. The vocal and non-vocal tic attacks were counted either by the observation of an examiner or with a video-tape record. The clinical status was scored as the sum of the number of various tic attacks recorded during a period of 60 minutes (video-tape record) or 20 minutes (direct observation). According to the scores obtained from double blind cross-over trial (11 cases) and open trial (25 cases), the tic attacks were well controlled in 75% of patients treated. A follow-up study by the end of one year medication the efficacy of inosine was still impressive in 50% of patients. Since we have observed that inosine potentiated the release of dopamine from rat striatal synaptosomes, mimicked the action of some dopamine antagonists, it is suggested that inosine might behave as a dopamine antagonist and exerts its effect on Tourette syndrome as haloperidol does.
Design of flame detection video camera system based on DSP (2017)

In order to alarm the fire and analyze the material burned, the high efficiency imaging system is designed to monitor the fire. The system selects the high performance CMOS image sensor, utilizing real-time DSP with higher computing power, it is designed based on DSP C6748 by IIC serial port flame detectors video camera’s registers, and the generated image data sent to DSP by VPIF interface, the image algorithm is transplanted to DSP, at last, the system will alarm the fire and output spectral characteristics of the burning material via Ethernet interface. This system completes algorithm hardware realization, and the algorithm can detect image in real-time and extract the effect of spectral characteristics of burning material, so that the algorithm processing can speed up from minute level on the PC to the sub-second level.
Neural Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2009)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and their neural derivatives hold great potential for developing therapies for treating disorders and injuries of the nervous system. It is therefore imperative that the methods used for differentiating hESC to neurons and glia be robust and well characterized. This chapter describes the efficient generation of neural progenitors from hESC using the BMP inhibitor protein, Noggin, their expansion as neurospheres, and subsequent differentiation into neurons and glia. This protocol has been used as an in vitro model for understanding neural differentiation of hESC as well as for deriving neural progenitors for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Since the overall method can be divided into defined stages of neural differentiation, it allows flexibility for introducing modifications to generate specific cell lineages. This feature of the protocol, together with its efficiency of generating neural progenitors, makes it attractive for other researchers to use for their own studies.
Pure Botulinum Neurotoxin Is Absorbed from the Stomach and Small Intestine and Produces Peripheral Neuromuscular Blockade (1999)

Clostridium botulinum serotype A produces a neurotoxin composed of a 100-kDa heavy chain and a 50-kDa light chain linked by a disulfide bond. This neurotoxin is part of a ca. 900-kDa complex, formed by noncovalent association with a single nontoxin, nonhemagglutinin subunit and a family of hemagglutinating proteins. Previous work has suggested, although never conclusively demonstrated, that neurotoxin alone cannot survive passage through the stomach and/or cannot be absorbed from the gut without the involvement of auxiliary proteins in the complex. Therefore, this study compared the relative absorption and toxicity of three preparations of neurotoxin in an in vivo mouse model. Equimolar amounts of serotype A complex with hemagglutinins, complex without hemagglutinins, and purified neurotoxin were surgically introduced into the stomach or into the small intestine. In some experiments, movement of neurotoxin from the site of administration was restricted by ligation of the pylorus. Comparison of relative toxicities demonstrated that at adequate doses, complex with hemagglutinins, complex without hemagglutinins, and pure neurotoxin can be absorbed from the stomach. The potency of neurotoxin in complex was greater than that of pure neurotoxin, but the magnitude of this difference diminished as the dosage of neurotoxin increased. Qualitatively similar results were obtained when complex with hemagglutinins, complex without hemagglutinins, and pure neurotoxin were placed directly into the intestine. This work establishes that pure botulinum neurotoxin serotype A is toxic when administered orally. This means that pure neurotoxin does not require hemagglutinins or other auxiliary proteins for absorption from the gastrointestinal system into the general circulation.
High-performance oxide-confined GaAs VCSELs (1997)

We present GaAs based selectively oxidized VCSELs with record high 57% wallplug efficiencies emitting in the 820-860-nm wavelength regime. Solid source molecular beam epitaxy with carbon as p-type dopant is used for crystal growth. Multimode devices show continuous-wave (CW) output powers up to 42 mW and stable operation from -80/spl deg/C up to +185/spl deg/C. Efficient single-mode output power of some milliwatts is maximized by controlling optical waveguiding that depends on the position of the 30-nm thin oxide aperture. Elliptically shaped current apertures are applied to stabilize output polarization.
Soft decision metric generation for QAM with channel estimation error (2002)

The channel code bit log likelihood ratio (LLR) for soft decision decoding is derived for quadrature amplitude modulated signals (QAM). The effect of imperfect channel knowledge on soft decision decoding performance is studied. Our results indicate this effect increases with channel estimation error and/or QAM modulation level. A metric based on generalized log likelihood ratio (GLLR) is derived for soft decision channel decoding with imperfect channel knowledge. Numerical results show that the GLLR-based metric outperforms the conventional minimum distance decoding metric that does not take into account channel estimation error.
Comparison of RPWM and PWM space vector switching schemes for 3-level power inverters (2002)

In this paper, a comparative study of random and standard space vector PWM switching schemes for 3-level inverters is reported. An analysis on the random and standard schemes has been carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of both schemes are identified. Verified with measurements, these performance features are described. The results provide valuable information for practicing engineers to evaluate the potential of these schemes.
The Effect of Biocides on Deposit Control Polymer Performance (2007)

In the field of water treatment a variety of additives are incorporated into formulation to achieve certain desired performance objectives of the industrial water systems. Typical additives used include polyphosphates, organophosphonates, poly(acrylic acid),
Standardized “No-Touch” Technique for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (2011)

We describe a standardized technique for "no-touch" isolated Descemet membrane transplant, ie, Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). All essential steps, including patient preparation and descemetorhexis as well as DMEK graft implantation, orientation, unrolling, centering, appositioning, and fixation, are described in detail. In the management of Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, the technique may provide a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/25 or better (≥ 0.8) in three-quarters of cases and an endothelial cell density of about 1800 to 2000 cells/mm(2) at 6 months after surgery. No-touch DMEK may therefore be a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of corneal endothelial disorders, making endothelial keratoplasty accessible to most corneal surgeons without requiring major investments while providing an unprecedented visual rehabilitation rate and outcome.
Comparative analysis of C3 and botulinal neurotoxin genes and their environment in Clostridium botulinum types C and D (1993)

The C3 exoenzyme gene is located on a bacteriophage in Clostridium botulinum types C and D (M. R. Popoff, D. Hauser, P. Boquet, M. W. Eklund, and D. M. Gill, Infect. Immun. 59:3673-3679, 1991). A derivative CN phage from phage C of C. botulinum Stockholm (C-St) (K. Oguma, H. Iida, and K. Inoue, Jpn. J. Microbiol. 19:167-172, 1975), isolated as neurotoxin negative, also does not produce exoenzyme C3. The botulinal neurotoxin C1 gene is present on the CN phage but contains a stop mutation in the DNA region encoding the N-terminal part of the heavy chain (codon 553). The putative truncated botulinal neurotoxin C1 protein was not recovered in a C. botulinum strain harboring the CN phage. We found that the C3 gene is localized on a 21.5-kbp DNA fragment flanked by the core motif 5'-AAGGAG-3' in DNAs of phage C of C. botulinum 468 (C-468), C-St phage, and phage D of C. botulinum 1873 (D-1873). The 21.5-kbp DNA fragment is deleted in CN phage DNA, and the motif 5'-AAGGAG-3' is present only in one copy at the deletion junction, but the deletion in the CN phage could be nonspecific, since this phage was obtained by nitrosoguanidine treatment. These findings could indicate that the C3 gene is localized on a 21.5-kbp mobile element. C. botulinum type C strain 003-9 produces a C3 exoenzyme (Y. Nemoto, T. Namba, S. Kozaki, and S. Narumiya, J. Biol. Chem. 266:19312-19319, 1991), and Staphylococcus aureus E1 produces a related C3 enzyme which is named epidernmal cell differentiation inhibitor (S. Inoue, M. Sugai, Y. Murooka, S. Y. Paik, Y. M. Hong, H. Oghai, and H. Suginaka, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 174:459-464, 1991) and which shares 80.6 and 56.6% similarity, respectively with the C3 enzymes from C-468 or C-St and D-1873 phages athe amino acid level. The features of the putative 21.5-kbp transposon were not found in C. botulinum 003-9 and S. aureus E1, as determined by analysis of the C3 and epidermal cell differentiation inhibitor gene-flanking DNA regions. These data suggest a common ancestral origin and divergent evolution of the C3 genes in these three groups of bacterial strains and dissemination of a 21.5-kbp element carrying the C3 gene C-468, C-St, and D-1873 phages.