gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of radionuclide adsorption on detection efficiency and energy resolution for flow-cell radiation detectors (1996)

Flow-cell and batch test experiments were performed to determine the uranyl ion adsorption onto and/or complexation with CaF/sub 2/:Eu scintillator as a function of pH. The flow-cell experiments were modeled with an energy dispersive Monte Carlo algorithm. At pH 2, the flow-cell and batch tests gave consistent results, detection efficiency /spl sim/60% and distribution coefficient (K/sub d/) /spl sim/0.3-0.7 mL/g, with the model. At pH 8, the comparison was not as good and assumed to be due to variation in scintillator particle size realized in the experiment. From the flow-cell experiments performed at pH 8, the detection efficiency was determined to be 68% which correlated reasonably well with the model (60%). Where the experiments and model differed greatly was with K/sub d/ which was determined to be 102 and 60 for the flow-cell and batch experiments, respectively, and 0.43 from the model.
Ergonomics In Computerized Offices (1986)

"Ergonomics in Computerized Offices should be required reading for office managers, union representatives, engineers, designers, or anyone employed in implementing a computerized office or improving conditions in an already computerized office...an excellent addition to any personal library."--Human Factors Bulletin
High-Resolution Mapping of Thermal History in Polymer Nanocomposites: Gold Nanorods as Microscale Temperature Sensors (2015)

A technique is reported for measuring and mapping the maximum internal temperature of a structural epoxy resin with high spatial resolution via the optically detected shape transformation of embedded gold nanorods (AuNRs). Spatially resolved absorption spectra of the nanocomposites are used to determine the frequencies of surface plasmon resonances. From these frequencies the AuNR aspect ratio is calculated using a new analytical approximation for the Mie-Gans scattering theory, which takes into account coincident changes in the local dielectric. Despite changes in the chemical environment, the calculated aspect ratio of the embedded nanorods is found to decrease over time to a steady-state value that depends linearly on the temperature over the range of 100-200 °C. Thus, the optical absorption can be used to determine the maximum temperature experienced at a particular location when exposure times exceed the temperature-dependent relaxation time. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated by mapping the temperature of an internally heated structural epoxy resin with 10 μm lateral spatial resolution.
Broad-Band Coaxial Boosted Media Employing Negative-Impedance Junctions and Amplifiers (1978)

As an approach to the broad-band, multi-port, multilateral media with idealized transmitting ability for various communications, a "Flat Loss Boosted Coaxial Line" (FLB Line) with many ports, such a centipede, has been proposed. It has been built from Negativeresistance Bridged <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</tex> type <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sqrt{f}</tex> shape Boosters (FBA) with about 10 dB gain at 300 MHz and Negative-resistance Boosting Junctions (NBJ) with an effective gain of 4.8 dB and no directivity nor phase distortion. In this line, signal powers at all branching ports axe principally equal and are transmitted bilaterally over all frequency range, while maintaining not only sufficient stability margin but also allowable transmission performance. A trial 2 km line composed of 8 FLB sections and 3 NBJ units has demonstrated engineering feasibility that bidirectional transmission of 5 color TV signals. It operated with almost no ghosts and without any adjacent channel interferences over a frequency range from 5 MHz up to about 400 MHz.
Monoclonal Antibody Development and Physicochemical Characterization by High Performance Ion Exchange Chromatography (2012)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a significant portion of products in the biopharmaceuticals market mAbs have been developed to treat a variety of indications to address significant unmet medical needs Of the classes of antibodies, or immunoglobulins, IgG1 is the most common immunoglobulin used for pharmaceutical and biomedical purposes
Atomic Spectrometry Update–Environmental analysis (1998)

This is the thirteenth annual review published in JAAS of the applications of atomic spectroscopy to the chemical analysis of environmental samples. The format used continues to be similar to that of previous years, highlighting the main features of this particular subject. Developments in instrumentation are not essentially a feature of this update, and so the emphasis is mainly with the establishment of reliable and robust methods of environmental analysis. The update does, however, focus on the areas of sampling, sample preparation and sample introduction in atomic spectroscopy. The most popular areas for development in sample preparation continuing to be dissolution/decomposition, separation and preconcentration, and solvent extraction, with the emphasis on the establishment of robust and valid methodology. The motives for this approach are usually being led by the necessity to develop simpler, low cost and safe methods. The importance of trace element determination in environmental analysis reflects the need of industry, government bodies and other interested groups to obtain reliable data as to the level of pollutants in the environment.
Aspects of adaptive radiation in Southern Africa Accipiters (1969)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Efficient dialogue strategy to find users' intended items from information query results (2002)

We address a dialogue framework that narrows down the user's query results obtained by an information retrieval system. The follow-up dialogue to constrain query results is significant especially with the speech interfaces such as telephones because a lot of query results cannot be presented to the user. The proposed dialogue framework generates guiding questions based on an information theoretic criterion to eliminate retrieved candidates by a spontaneous query without assuming a semantic slot structure. We first describe its concept on general information query tasks, and then deal with a query task on the appliance manual where structured task knowledge is available. A hierarchical confirmation strategy is proposed by making use of a tree structure of the manual, and then three cost functions for selecting optimal question nodes are compared. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed system helps users find their intended items more efficiently.
TiO<sub>2</sub>-Photocatalyzed As(III) Oxidation in Aqueous Suspensions:  Reaction Kinetics and Effects of Adsorption (2005)

Oxidation of arsenite, As(III), to arsenate, As(V), is required for the efficient removal of arsenic by many water treatment technologies. The photocatalyzed oxidation of As(III) on titanium dioxide, TiO2, offers an environmentally benign method for this unit operation. In this study, we explore the efficacy and mechanism of TiO2-photocatalyzed As(III) oxidation at circumneutral pH and over a range of As(III) concentrations approaching those typically encountered in water treatment systems. We focus on the effect of As adsorption on observed rates of photooxidation. Adsorption (in the dark) of both As(III) and As(V) on Degussa P25 TiO2 was examined at pH 6.3 over a range in dissolved arsenic concentrations, [As]diss, of 0.10-89 microM and 0.2 or 0.05 g L(-1) TiO2 for As(III) and As(V), respectively. Adsorption isotherms generally followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model with As(III) exhibiting an adsorption maxima of 32 micromol g(-1). As(V) adsorption did not reach a plateau under the experimental conditions examined; the maximum adsorbed concentration observed was 130 micromol g(-1). The extent of As(III) and As(V) adsorption observed at the beginning and end of the kinetic studies was consistent with that observed in the adsorption isotherms. Kinetic studies were performed in batch systems at pH 6.3 with 0.8-42 microM As(III) and 0.05 g L(-1) TiO2; complete oxidation of As(III) was observed within 10-60 min of irradiation at 365 nm. The observed effect of As(III) concentration on reaction kinetics was consistent with surface saturation at higher concentrations. Addition of phosphate at 0.5-10 microM had little effect on either As(III) sorption or its photooxidation rate but did inhibit adsorption of the product As(V). The selective use of hydroxyl radical quenchers and superoxide dismutase demonstrated that superoxide, O2-, plays a major role in the oxidation of As(III) to As(V).
Fasudil inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor–induced angiogenesis<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i> (2007)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced endothelial cell migration is an important component of tumor angiogenesis. Rho and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) are key regulators of focal adhesion, stress fiber formation, and thus cell motility. Inhibitors of this pathway have been shown to inhibit endothelial cell motility and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the antiangiogenic effect of fasudil, one of the ROCK inhibitors. Fasudil inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration, viability, and tube formation in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration was reduced by fasudil associated with loss of stress fiber formation, focal adhesion assembly, and with the suppression of tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins. Furthermore, fasudil inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain, which is one of the main substrates of ROCK. Therefore, the effect of fasudil was suggested to be ROCK dependent. Fasudil not only inhibited VEGF-induced cell proliferation but also reversed the protective effect of VEGF on apoptosis, which resulted in the decrease of cell viability. Moreover, fasudil inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis in a directed in vivo angiogenesis assay. These data are the first demonstration that fasudil has antiangiogenic properties. Therefore, fasudil might be useful for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases, especially cancer.
A Novel Monoclonal Antibody Against DOG1 is a Sensitive and Specific Marker for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (2008)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) occur primarily in the wall of the intestine and are characterized by activating mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinases genes KIT or PDGFRA. The diagnosis of GIST relies heavily on the demonstration of KIT/CD117 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. However, KIT expression is absent in approximately 4% to 15% of GIST and this can complicate the diagnosis of GIST in patients who may benefit from treatment with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We previously identified DOG1/TMEM16A as a novel marker for GIST using a conventional rabbit antipeptide antiserum and an in situ hybridization probe. Here, we describe 2 new monoclonal antibodies against DOG1 (DOG1.1 and DOG1.3) and compare their staining profiles with KIT and CD34 antibodies on 447 cases of GIST. These included 306 cases with known mutational status for KIT and PDGFRA from a molecular consultation service. In addition, 935 other mesenchymal tumors and 432 nonsarcomatous tumors were studied. Both DOG1 antibodies showed high sensitivity and specificity for GIST, with DOG1.1 showing some advantages. This antibody yielded positive staining in 370 of 425 (87%) scorable GIST, whereas CD117 was positive in 317 of 428 (74%) GIST and CD34 in 254 of 430 (59%) GIST. In GIST with mutations in PDGFRA, 79% (23/29) showed DOG1.1 immunoreactivity while only 9% (3/32) and 27% (9/33) stained for CD117 and CD34, respectively. Only 1 of 326 (0.3%) leiomyosarcomas and 1 of 39 (2.5%) synovial sarcomas among the 935 soft tissue tumors examined showed positive immunostaining for DOG1.1. In addition, DOG1.1 immunoreactivity was seen in fewer cases of carcinoma, melanoma, and seminoma as compared with KIT.
Web Spam Detection with Anti-Trust Rank (2006)

Spam pages on the web use various techniques to artificially achieve high rankings in search engine results. Human ex-perts can do a good job of identifying spam pages and pages whose information is of dubious quality, but it is practically infeasible to use human effort for a large number of pages. Similar to the approach in [1], we propose a method of se-lecting a seed set of pages to be evaluated by a human. We then use the link structure of the web and the manually labeled seed set, to detect other spam pages. Our experi-ments on the WebGraph dataset [3] show that our approach is very effective at detecting spam pages from a small seed set and achieves higher precision of spam page detection than the Trust Rank algorithm, apart from detecting pages with higher pageranks, on an average. 1.
Minimally manipulated murine regulatory T cells purified by reversible Fab Multimers are potent suppressors for adoptive T‐cell therapy (2017)

Abstract The transfer of regulatory T cells, either freshly isolated, or modified, represents a promising therapeutic approach to dampen misdirected immune responses, like autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammatory syndromes and graft versus host disease. Clinical isolation of highly pure regulatory T cell (Treg) populations is still challenging and labeling reagents can influence their viability and functionality, potentially altering the potency of isolated Treg cell products. Here we show that reversible Fab multimer‐based Treg purification can prevent conventional antibody label‐induced interferences in vitro and in vivo. Remaining isolation reagents negatively interfere with Treg engraftment efficacy in C57BL/6 wild‐type mice due to Fcγ‐receptor‐ as well as IL‐2 receptor‐mediated mechanisms. Using a preclinical model for acute GvHD, we further show that purified ‘label‐freed’ Tregs are protective at substantially lower cell numbers as compared to conventional nonreversible antibody staining, translating into significantly improved survival of mice treated with minimally manipulated Tregs. These findings have important clinical relevance for future Treg‐based cell therapies.
Switchable Lamb wave delay lines using AlGaN/GaN heterostructure (2017)

This paper reports on the first demonstration of GaN-based switchable Lamb wave delay lines with >40 dB ON/OFF ratio at several gigahertz frequency range. The high-density two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the interface of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure is used to screen out the lateral electric field and switch off the piezoelectric transducer. By properly selecting the thickness-to -wavelength ratio, the proposed Lamb wave delay line only exhibits zero-order symmetric (S0) and anti-symmetric (A0) Lamb wave mode responses, while providing significant spurious mode reduction up to 26.5 GHz. The Lamb wave delay lines show superior performance in terms of insertion loss and out-of-band rejection over conventional surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and also achieve a good linearity.
<title>IGMMDT: multisensor approach to mine detection</title> (1996)

GEO-CENTERS has developed a ground mobile mine detection capability. It consists of a robust and viable multisensor vehicular testbed which can be deployed for integration and testing of current and future sensor technology as appropriate. The Integrated Ground Mobile Mine Detection Testbed (IGMMDT) system combines the capabilities of several sensors of diverse technologies, each of which has shown promise in mine detection, to provide an integrated approach to the problem in which the sensors supplement each other capabilities. The result is a broadening of the environmental and spatial ranges of detection, plus an increase in the speed of detection, location and area coverage. Integration of multiple sensors in an application of this type presents several predictable problems, not the least of which is the scoring, weighting and correlation of data from different sensors. Defining a common parameter set within which to integrate the sensor outputs and interpret the results is the primary problem. To get to this level, each sensor's output must be transformed into this common parameter set, which essentially means supplementing each sensor's output with enough additional processing as to make it an independent `smart sensor'. IGMMDT provides a convenient platform on which to develop integration techniques and processing methodologies usable in continuing sensor fusion.
Toward the Development of a Structurally Novel Class of Chiral Auxiliaries:  Diastereoselective Aldol Reactions of a (1<i>R</i>,2<i>S</i>)-Ephedrine-Based 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2<i>H</i>-1,3,4-oxadiazin-2-one (2002)

[reaction: see text] Asymmetric aldol addition reactions have been conducted with (1R,2S)-ephedrine-derived 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-2-one (2). Diastereoselectivities range from 75:25 to 99:1 for the formation of the crude non-Evans syn adducts 8a-h. The facial selectivity of the enolate is directed by the stereogenic N(4)-methyl substituent. Aldol adduct 8a is readily cleaved by acid hydrolysis to afford (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phenylpropionic acid (9) in >95% ee.
The role of iron and haemochromatosis gene mutations in the progression of liver disease in chronic hepatitis C (2002)

Patients with chronic HCV infection frequently have elevated serum iron markers although elevated LICs are uncommon. Elevated serum iron studies and LICs occur in patients with more severe liver disease. Carriage of HFE mutations, although frequently observed in these HCV infected patients, does not have a role in the accumulation of iron or the progression of liver disease in HCV infection.
Some Observations on the Juveniles of Hilsa ilisha Pisces Clupeidae from Godavari Estuary (1969)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Planar, ion implanted, high voltage 6H-SiC P-N junction diodes (1995)

Planar, high voltage (800 V) P-N junction diodes have been fabricated for the first time on N-type 6H-SiC by room temperature boron implantation through a pad oxide deposited within windows etched in an LPCVD field oxide. All the diodes showed excellent rectification with leakage currents of less than 10 nA (/spl sim/5/spl times/10/sup -5/ A/cm/sup 2/) until avalanche breakdown. It was found that the breakdown voltage increases with junction depth. The reverse recovery time (t/sub rr/) was measured to be 50 ns for the 800 V diode from which an effective minority carrier life time of 12.5 ns was extracted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Agonists of Proteinase-Activated Receptor-2 Enhance IFN-γ-Inducible Effects on Human Monocytes: Role in Influenza A Infection (2008)

Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)) is expressed by different types of human leukocytes and involved in the development of inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, its precise role in the regulation of human monocyte and macrophage function during viral infection remains unclear. Also, the ability of PAR(2) agonists to enhance the effects induced by immune mediators during infection or inflammation is still poorly investigated. Therefore, we investigated the ability of a PAR(2) agonist to enhance IFN-gamma-induced suppression of influenza A virus replication in human monocytes. We found that this effect correlates with an increased abundance of IkappaBalpha after costimulation of cells with PAR(2) agonist and IFN-gamma. Remarkably, coapplication of PAR(2) agonist and IFN-gamma also enhances the effects of IFN-gamma on IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 kDa release, and CD64 and alphaVbeta3 surface expression by human monocytes. Together, these findings indicate a potentially protective role of PAR(2) activation during the progression of influenza A virus infection. This effect could be associated with the ability of PAR(2) agonists to enhance IFN-gamma-induced protective effects on human monocytes.
An Investigation on Nonlinear Characteristics of Aerodynamic Torque for Variable-Speed Variable-Pitch Wind Turbine (2011)

Aerodynamic torque of wind turbine is highly nonlinear due to the nonlinear interactions between wind and blade. The aerodynamic nonlinearity is represented by nonlinear power and torque coefficients which are functions of wind speed, rotational speed of rotor, and pitch angle of blade. It is essential from the viewpoint of understanding and analysis of dynamic characteristics for wind turbine to linearize the aerodynamic torque and define aerodynamic nonlinear parameters as derivatives of aerodynamic torque with respect to the three parameters. In this paper, a linearization method of the aerodynamic torque from power coefficient is presented through differentiating it by the three parameters. And steady-state values of three aerodynamic nonlinear parameters according to wind speed are obtained and their nonlinear characteristics are investigated.
Optimized Design of Shared Restoration in Flexible-Grid Transparent Optical Networks (2012)

We propose a novel mathematical model and an efficient heuristic for planning WDM networks with flexible channel-grid and shared restoration. The spectral benefits of this approach versus dedicated protection and fixed channel-grid are highlighted.
Automatic gradient preemphasis adjustment: A 15‐minute journey to improved diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging (2001)

Image distortion caused by gradient eddy currents is a major problem in the use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), as using the uncorrected images for calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and diffusion anisotropy will result in areas of artificially increased anisotropy and ADC at the edge of the images, as well as decreased spatial resolution and accuracy in ADC computations overall. This distortion may be substantially reduced by careful adjustment of the gradient preemphasis unit. A completely automatic method of adjusting the preemphasis unit is proposed which finds the optimal settings for all three gradient directions in approximately 15 min by estimating the magnitudes of the eddy currents at various delay times after a test gradient. The pixel shifts in a 64 x 128 echo-planar diffusion-weighted image with a diffusion gradient strength of 30 mT/m were reduced to less than 0.2.
Analysis of the Effects of Chlorhexidine on Oral Biofilm Vitality and Structure Based on Viability Profiling and an Indicator of Membrane Integrity (2004)

Multispecies biofilms modeling interproximal plaque were grown on a hydroxyapatite substratum in a constant-depth film fermentor and then immersed in a viewing solution containing fluorescent indicators of membrane integrity. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed the structure and spatial distribution of cell vitality within the biofilms. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) was added to the viewing solution to achieve concentrations of 0.05 and 0.2% (wt/vol) before further CLSM time-lapse series were captured. Image analysis showed that exposure to 0.2% CHX caused the biofilm to contract at a rate of 1.176 micro m min(-1) along the z axis and also effected changes in total fluorescence measurements and viability profiles through the biofilms after a delay of 3 to 5 min. At a concentration of 0.05% CHX, total fluorescence measurements for the biofilm exhibited barely detectable changes after 5 min. Fluorescence profiles (fluorescence versus time versus depth), however, clearly showed that a time-dependent effect was present, but the clearest indicator of the effect of dilute CHX over time was viability profiling. These findings suggest the possibility of using fluorescent indicators of membrane integrity in conjunction with viability profiling to evaluate the penetration of the bactericidal effects of membrane-active antimicrobial compounds into biofilm.