gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glutathione metabolism in activated human neutrophils: stimulation of glutathione synthesis and consumption of glutathione by reactive oxygen species (1991)

Since glutathione (GSH) is involved in the modulation of the function of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) such as phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species, the metabolism of GSH was studied in human PMN. The concentration of GSH in resting PMN amounted to 13.3 nmol 10(-7) PMN and remained stable over 100 min of incubation. Upon activation of PMN with phorbol myristate acetate intracellular GSH decreased to 50% of the resting concentration within 80 min. In the presence of buthionine sulfoximine, which inhibits the synthesis of GSH, the depletion of intracellular GSH was dramatically accelerated, indicating that activation of PMN is associated with a marked stimulation of GSH synthesis. Since a similar depletion of GSH was seen in the presence of propargylglycine, an inhibitor of the cystathionine pathway, most of the cysteine required for the resynthesis of GSH must originate from methionine and not from cysteine generated by the catabolism of GSH. Further studies showed that GSH is sequentially oxidized by O2-. and HOCl, first to GSSG and then to an unidentified compound, most likely a chloramine. In the presence of an adequate supply of GSH and NADPH which is required for the reduction of GSSG by glutathione reductase this further oxidation of GSSG was prevented. Thus, the highly toxic HOCl generated by PMN can be detoxified by the glutathione reducatase system. The capacity of PMN to re-synthesize GSH may be an important determinant of PMN function.
Generation of usable electric power from available random sound energy (2013)

In this work, a relatively less explored source of green energy is proposed. Random sound energy around us can be treated as a source of electric power after their efficient conversion using suitable transducer. An effective way of producing usable electric power from available random sound energy is presented here. Piezoelectric transducers are used for conversion of sounds into electric energy. The produced electric energy from multiple piezoelectric transducers are stored in multiple supercapacitors which are then summed up and amplified through adder and voltage multiplier circuits. The resultant electric power was used to charge a rechargeable DC battery so as to store this energy. A small 9 volt DC battery was found to be fully recharged within half an hour from fully discharged stage using medium sound source through the proposed conversion circuit. In this way, random sound energy from numerous sources around us can be stored as electric energy which can be used later to deliver electric power to drive compatible small loads. The proposed idea can give a new source of green energy and can contribute in global search for renewable energy.
Modulation of peristalsis by cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub> ligands in the isolated guinea‐pig ileum (2000)

The effect of cannabinoid drugs on peristalsis in the guinea-pig ileum was studied. Peristalsis was induced by delivering fluid into the oral end of an isolated intestinal segment. Longitudinal muscle reflex contraction, threshold pressure and threshold volume to trigger peristalsis, compliance of the intestinal wall during the preparatory phase (a reflection of the resistance of the wall to distension) and maximal ejection pressure during the emptying phase of peristalsis were measured. The cannabinoid agonists WIN 55,212-2 (0.3 - 300 nM) and CP55,940 (0.3 - 300 nM) significantly decreased longitudinal muscle reflex contraction, compliance and maximal ejection pressure, while increased threshold pressure and volume to elicit peristalsis. These effects were not modified by the opioid antagonist naloxone (1 microM) and by the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (1 microM). The inhibitory effect of both WIN 55,212-2 and CP55,940 on intestinal peristalsis was antagonized by the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist SR141716A (0.1 microM), but not by the cannabinoid CB(2) receptor antagonist SR144528 (0.1 microM). In absence of other drugs, the CB(1) receptor antagonists SR141716A (0.01 - 1 microM) and AM281 (0.01 - 1 microM) slightly (approximatively 20%) but significantly increased maximal ejection pressure during the empty phase of peristalsis without modifying longitudinal muscle reflex contraction, threshold pressure, threshold volume to trigger peristalsis and compliance. It is concluded that activation of CB(1) receptors reduces peristalsis efficiency in the isolated guinea-pig, and that the emptying phase of peristalsis could be tonically inhibited by the endogenous cannabinoid system.
Cannabidiol attenuates OGD/R-induced damage by enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics and modulating glucose metabolism via pentose-phosphate pathway in hippocampal neurons (2017)

Deficient bioenergetics and diminished redox conservation have been implicated in the development of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychotropic compound derived from Cannabis sativa with FDA-approved antiepilepsy properties, were studied in vitro using an oxygen-glucose-deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model in a mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line. CBD supplementation during reperfusion rescued OGD/R-induced cell death, attenuated intracellular ROS generation and lipid peroxidation, and simultaneously reversed the abnormal changes in antioxidant biomarkers. Using the Seahorse XF<sup>e</sup>24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer, we found that CBD significantly improved basal respiration, ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate, and the spare respiratory capacity, and augmented glucose consumption in OGD/R-injured neurons. The activation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the preservation of the NADPH/NADP<sup>+</sup> ratio implies that the pentose-phosphate pathway is stimulated by CBD, thus protecting hippocampal neurons from OGD/R injury. This study is the first to document the neuroprotective effects of CBD against OGD/R insult, which depend in part on attenuating oxidative stress, enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics, and modulating glucose metabolism via the pentose-phosphate pathway, thus preserving both energy and the redox balance.
Comparison of the open circuit voltage of simplified PERC cells passivated with PECVD silicon nitride and thermal silicon oxide (2000)

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon nitride films have been used to passivate both the front and rear surface of simplified PERC silicon solar cells (planar surface, single-step emitter). An independently confirmed open circuit voltage (Voc) of 667 mV was measured, proving the outstanding surface passivation provided by the silicon nitride films. The achieved Voc represents a significant improvement for all-SiN passivated silicon solar cells. A conversion efficiency of 17˙8% was obtained. For comparison, similar cells with different passivation schemes, including high quality, thermally grown TCA oxides and thin SiO2/SiN double layers, were also investigated. Open circuit voltages up to 673 mV and conversion efficiencies up to 18˙3% were achieved. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface properties and solderability behaviour of nickel–phosphorus and nickel–boron deposited by electroless plating (2001)

Abstract X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning Auger microscopy (SAM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and wetting force measurements have been applied to various nickel deposits prepared by standard electroless plating for probing the origins of solderability behaviour of ‘electroless nickel’. By controlling the plating chemicals and plating conditions, three kinds of electroless nickel deposits have been prepared, namely electroless nickel–high phosphorus (EN‐HP), electroless nickel–low phosphorus (EN‐LP) and electroless nickel–boron (EN‐B). Wetting balance measurements confirmed the solderability strength decreased in the order of EN−B>EN−LP>EN−HP. Unexpectedly, among the three EN deposits, EN‐B was found by XPS to have the thickest surface oxide, which opposes the traditional correlation of good solderability with thin surface oxide. On the other hand, SAM and AFM studies showed that the average nodule size increased in the order of EN−B<EN−LP<EN−HP. Accordingly, there appeared to be a correlation of small nodule size with good solderability. Solderability of ‘electroless nickel’ thus depended more on surface morphology than on surface oxidation. Nevertheless, further studies of the wetting kinetics of the EN deposits revealed that among the three EN deposits EN‐HP had the oxide structure that was most difficult to penetrate and thus the slowest to ‘wet’. The structure of the surface oxide therefore was found to affect the wetting kinetics of ‘electroless nickel’. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
STOCHASTIC RESONANCE IN ALPHA OSCILLATORS IN THE HUMAN BRAIN (2002)

We experimentally study stochastic resonance (SR) in the human brain through a noise effect for entrainment dynamics of the alpha (α) wave. The measurement has been carried out under the following conditions in order to obtain clear evidence of the SR phenomenon in the central nervous system. The periodic and noisy stimuli are respectively applied to the right and the left eyes of the subject independently. When only periodic and constant (but weak enough) stimulus is applied to the right eye, it does not induce any global entrainment of α-oscillators to the stimulus frequency. In this situation increasing the amplitude of the noise stimulus (frequency bandwidth from 15 to 60 Hz), harmonic entrainment occurs for a certain range of the noise amplitude and shows a sharp peak in the power spectrum of brain waves. Plotting the amplitude of the peak against the noise amplitude, a bell-type shape is seen, i.e. the maximum signal amplitude at an optimum noise. It clearly indicates the SR phenomenon. Taking account of our experimental conditions and set-up, the present SR phenomenon occurs not on the retina but on the visual processing area in the central nervous systems beyond the optic chiasma.
<i>EGFR</i> Fusions as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Lung Cancer (2016)

We report for the first time the identification and therapeutic targeting of EGFR C-terminal fusions in patients with lung cancer and document responses to the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib in 4 patients whose tumors harbored EGFR fusions. Findings from these studies will be immediately translatable to the clinic, as there are already several approved EGFR inhibitors. Cancer Discov; 6(6); 601-11. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Paik, p. 574This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 561.
Transformational interactions for P2P e-commerce (2003)

Both peer services and web services offer a perspective of services in the role of resources that can be combined to enable new capabilities greater than the sum of the parts. However, current service composition solutions seem to support either highly dynamic discovery or else very loosely coupled service development, but not both. We propose a facilitator service mechanism that can leverage "reflected" XML-based specifications (borrowed from the web service domain) to direct and enable coordinated sequences of message exchanges (conversations) between services. We extend the specification of a message exchange with the ability to specify transformations to be applied to both inbound and outbound documents. We call these extended message exchanges transformational interactions. The facilitator service can use these transformational interactions to allow service developers to decouple internal and external interfaces. This means that services can be developed and treated as pools of methods that can be composed dynamically.
Generation of high-field narrowband terahertz radiation by counterpropagating plasma wakefields (2017)

It is found that nonlinear interaction of plasma wakefields driven by counterpropagating laser or particle beams can efficiently generate high-power electromagnetic radiation at the second harmonic of the plasma frequency. Using a simple analytical theory and particle-in-cell simulations, we show that this phenomenon can be attractive for producing high-field (∼10 MV/cm) tunable terahertz radiation with a narrow line width. For laser drivers produced by existing petawatt-class systems, this nonlinear process opens the way to the generation of gigawatt, multi-millijoule terahertz pulses which are not presently available for any other generating schemes.
Late stage treatment with arimoclomol delays disease progression and prevents protein aggregation in the SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mouse model of ALS (2008)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motoneuron degeneration, resulting in muscle paralysis and death, typically within 1-5 years of diagnosis. Although the pathogenesis of ALS remains unclear, there is evidence for the involvement of proteasome dysfunction and heat shock proteins in the disease. We have previously shown that treatment with a co-inducer of the heat shock response called arimoclomol is effective in the SOD(G93A) mouse model of ALS, delaying disease progression and extending the lifespan of SOD(G93A) mice (Kieran et al. 2004). However, this previous study only examined the effects arimoclomol when treatment was initiated in pre- or early symptomatic stages of the disease. Clearly, to be of benefit to the majority of ALS patients, any therapy must be effective after symptom onset. In order to establish whether post-symptomatic treatment with arimoclomol is effective, in this study we carried out a systematic assessment of different treatment regimes in SOD(G93A) mice. Treatment with arimoclomol from early (75 days) or late (90 days) symptomatic stages significantly improved muscle function. Treatment from 75 days also significantly increased the lifespan of SOD(G93A) mice, although treatment from 90 days has no significant effect on lifespan. The mechanism of action of arimoclomol involves potentiation of the heat shock response, and treatment with arimoclomol increased Hsp70 expression. Interestingly, this up-regulation in Hsp70 was accompanied by a decrease in the number of ubiquitin-positive aggregates in the spinal cord of treated SOD(G93A) mice, suggesting that arimoclomol directly effects protein aggregation and degradation.
Accuracy of maximum velocity estimates made using Doppler ultrasound systems (1996)

This study was performed in order to provide quantitative data on the estimation of maximum velocity made using modern Doppler ultrasound systems. This is important since the degree of stenosis within arteries is commonly assessed from the maximum velocity. A string phantom was used as the source of Doppler signals. This enables direct comparison between the Doppler estimated maximum velocity and the true filament velocity. Six modern commercial Doppler systems were used. Measurements were made under standard conditions for each probe. In addition a number of factors were varied in turn (beam-filament angle, filament depth, filament velocity and Doppler aperture position). Under standard conditions the maximum velocity was overestimated in all cases (0-29% error). For all measurements maximum velocity errors ranged from -4% to 47%. There was a large intraprobe variation in maximum velocity estimation (mean variation of 25%), and a large interprobe variation (mean variation of 25%), and a large interprobe variation (mean variation of 18%). These results indicate that, at present, errors in maximum velocity estimation may be directly translated into significant errors in the estimate of the degree of arterial stenosis made from velocity measurements. As a consequence, some patients may be incorrectly categorized. Consideration should be given to applying angle dependent correction factors to maximum velocity measurements, and to the use of conversion from Doppler frequency shift to velocity using the angle derived from the edge of the Doppler aperture.
GHz GaAs Ccd's: Promises, Problems And Progress (1989)

Progress in high-speed GaAs charge-coupled device (CCD) research is described. Experimental and modelling results are reported for two different structures; capacitive gate CCD's and resistive gate CCD's. A charge packet replicator/subtractor circuit is discussed.
Three-dimensional B,N-doped graphene foam as a metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (2013)

Using a modified chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, we have prepared a class of new graphene foams (GFs) doped with nitrogen, boron or both. Nitrogen-doped graphene foams (N-GFs) with a nitrogen doping level of 3.1 atom% were prepared by CVD of CH4 in the presence of NH3 while boron-doped graphene foams (B-GFs) with a boron doping level of 2.1 atom% were produced by using toluene and triethyl borate as a carbon and a boron source. On the other hand, graphene foams co-doped with nitrogen (4.5 atom%) and boron (3 atom%) (BN-GFs) were prepared by CVD using melamine diborate as the precursor. In all cases, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed well-defined foam-like microstructures, while electrochemical measurements showed much higher electrocatalytic activities toward oxygen reduction reaction for the doped graphene foams than their undoped counterparts.
Stereospecific One-pot Synthesis of Enamides and Enimides by the Copper Iodide Promoted Vinylic Substitution (1991)

Abstract Enamides and enimides were prepared stereospecifically from vinyl bromides by direct vinylic substitution in the presence of copper salt in aprotic polar solvents.
RUN OUT BLOOD PRESURE: THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND BLOOD PRESSURE AND SIT-TIME (2019)

Megan Conner1, Constance Haynes1, Jonathan Williams1, Larissa Boyd1, Melissa Powers1. 1University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma The implementation of the new American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA)blood pressure guidelines has added to the increase in the number of individuals classified as hypertensive. Increasing physical activity and reducing sit-time is recommended to combat hypertension. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between physical activity(PA) and sit-time (ST)and blood pressure (BP) in university employees. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant inverse relationship between PA and BP and a direct relationship between ST and BP. METHODS: In this study the participants were faculty and staff members of a regional university in the Midwest, that were included in a larger workplace intervention (n=51).Baseline data was used for this study. The participants completed a self-reported physical activity questionnaire (The International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ]) to determine their amount of PA engagement(met/min/wk-1)and ST. Both systolic and diastolic resting BP(mmHg)were assessed using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer following at least five minutes of sitting. RESULTS: There was a non-significant relationship between PA and BP(p>0.05)and ST and BP(p>0.05)when analyzed with a Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. To further analyze these results, the participants were classified based on BP as normal (<120/<80; n = 23), pre-hypertensive (120-129/<80; n =6), or hypertensive (>130/>80; n =22). However, due to a low amount of participants classified as prehypertensive, only participants classified as normal and hypertensive were analyzed. Differences in PA and ST between the groups based on BP classification were also non-significant (p>0.05)when analyzed with an independent t-test. CONCLUSION: Self-reported PA and ST were not related to BP in this study; however, other research reports significant correlations. The participants in this study were a part of a larger study including a workplace intervention to decrease sedentary time. This could explain the difference between the results from this study and those from previous studies. Future studies should focus on the relationship between PA and ST and BP in a variety of groups with diverse backgrounds. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This project was funded by the University of Central Oklahoma, Research and Sponsored Programs office.
Allergy and Allergic Diseases (1998)

The contributors herein have carefully checked to ensure that the drug selections and dosages set forth in this text are accurate and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication.Notwithstanding, as new research, changes in government regulations, and knowledge from clinical experience relating to drug therapy and drug reactions constantly occurs, the reader is advised to check the product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug for any change in dosages or for additional warnings and contraindications.This is ofutmost importance when the recommended drug herein is a new or infrequently used drug.It is the responsibility of the treating physician to determine dosages and treatment strategies for individual patients.Further it is the responsibility ofthe health care provider to ascertain the Food and Drug Administration status of each drug or device used in their clinical practice.The publisher, editors, and authors are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from the application ofthe information presented in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the contents in this publication.
Achieving undelayed initialization in monocular SLAM with generalized objects using velocity estimate-based classification (2011)

Based on the framework of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), SLAM with generalized objects (GO) has an additional structure to allow motion mode learning of generalized objects, and calculates a joint posterior over the robot, stationary objects and moving objects. While the feasibility of monocular SLAM has been demonstrated and undelayed initialization has been achieved using the inverse depth parametrization, it is still challenging to achieve undelayed initialization in monocular SLAM with GO because of the delay decision of static and moving object classification. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective static and moving object classification method using the velocity estimates directly from SLAM with GO. Compared to the existing approach in which the observations of a new/unclassified feature can not be used in state estimation, the proposed approach makes the uses of all observations without any delay to estimate the whole state vector of SLAM with GO. Both Monte Carlo simulations and real experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed classification algorithm and the estimates of monocular SLAM with GO.
Ultra-Wideband Impulse Radar Through-Wall Detection of Vital Signs (2018)

This paper presents a new system for the detection of human respiration behind obstacles using impulse ultra-wideband (UWB) radar. In complex environments, low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) as they can result in significant errors in the respiration, heartbeat frequency, and range estimates. To improve the performance, the complex signal demodulation (CSD) technique is extended by employing the signal logarithm and derivative. A frequency accumulation (FA) method is proposed to suppress mixed products of the heartbeat and respiration signals and spurious respiration signal harmonics. The respiration frequency is estimated using the phase variations in the received signal, and a discrete short-time Fourier transform (DSFT) is used to estimate the range. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated along with that of several well-known techniques in the literature.