gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localization of a Passively Transferred Human Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody to Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D to Infected Nerve Fibers and Sensory Neurons In Vivo (1999)

A human recombinant monoclonal antibody to herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein D labeled with the fluorescent dye Cy5 was administered to mice infected in the cornea with HSV type 1 (HSV-1). The distribution of such antibody in the corneas and trigeminal ganglia of the mice was then investigated by confocal microscopy. The antibody was detected on HSV-infected nerve fibers in the cornea--identified by colocalization with HSV antigens and the neuritic markers neurofilament, GAP-43, synapsin-1, and CNPase--and on the perikarya of sensory neurons in the HSV-1-infected neurons in ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia. Antibodies have been shown to be effective against many neurotropic viruses, often in the absence of obvious cell damage. Observations from experimental HSV infections suggest that antibodies could act in part by interfering with virus expression in the ganglia and/or with axonal spread. The present results provide morphological evidence of the localization of antiviral antibodies at anatomical sites relevant to such putative antibody-mediated protective actions and suggest that viral glycoproteins are accessible to antibodies on infected nerve fibers and sensory neurons.
A flexible NoC-based LDPC code decoder implementation and bandwidth reduction methods (2011)

The need for efficient and flexible LDPC (Low Density parity Check) code decoders is rising due to the growing number and variety of standards that adopt this kind of error correcting codes in wireless applications. From the implementation point of view, the decoding of LDPC codes implies intensive computation and communication among hardware components. These processing capabilities are usually obtained by allocating a sufficient number of processing elements (PEs) and proper interconnect structures. In this paper, Network on Chip (NoC) concepts are applied to the design of a fully flexible decoder, capable to support any LDPC code with no constraints on code structure. It is shown that NoC based decoders also achieve relevant throughput values, comparable to those obtained by several specialized decoders. Moreover, the paper explores the area and power overhead introduced by the NoC approach. In particular, two methods are proposed to reduce the traffic injected in the network during the decoding process, namely early stopping of iterations and message stopping. These methods are usually adopted to increase throughput. On the contrary, in this paper, we leverage iteration and message stopping to cut the area and power overhead of NoC based decoders. It is shown that, by reducing the traffic injected in the NoC and the number of iterations performed by the decoding algorithm, the decoder can be scaled to lower degrees of parallelism with small losses in terms of BER (Bit Error Rate) performance. VLSI synthesis results on a 130 nm technology show up to 50% area and energy reduction while maintaining an almost constant throughput.
An integrated surface wave device using silicon MOSFETs and ZnO film transducers (1975)

This work demonstrates that useful signal processing devices can be obtained by combining the process of thin film piezoelectric transducer fabrication with large scale MOS integrated circuit technology. Increased amounts of signal processing capability should be obtainable on single chip structures by making greater use of LSI IC (integrated circuit) technology, and resultant cost savings and reliability improvements should be realizable over functionally comparable hybrid devices.
The role of two SARP family transcriptional regulators in regulation of the auricin gene cluster in Streptomyces aureofaciens CCM 3239 (2011)

Two regulators, Aur1P and Aur1R, have been previously found to control expression of the aur1 polyketide gene cluster involved in biosynthesis of the angucycline-like antibiotic auricin in Streptomyces aureofaciens CCM 3239 in a cascade mechanism. Here, we describe the characterization of two additional regulatory genes, aur1PR2 and aur1PR3, encoding homologues of the SARP family of transcriptional activators that were identified in the upstream part of the aur1 cluster. Expression of both genes is directed by a single promoter, aur1PR2p and aur1Pr3p, respectively, induced in late exponential phase. Disruption of aur1PR2 in S. aureofaciens CCM 3239 had no effect on auricin production. However, the disruption of aur1PR3 dramatically reduced auricin compared with its parental wild-type strain. Transcription from the aur1Ap promoter, directing expression of the first biosynthetic gene in the auricin gene cluster, was similarly decreased in the S. aureofaciens CCM 3239 aur1PR3 mutant. Transcription from the aur1PR3p promoter increased in the S. aureofaciens CCM 3239 aur1R mutant strain, and the TetR family negative regulator Aur1R was shown to specifically bind the aur1PR3p promoter. These results indicate a complex regulation of the auricin cluster by the additional SARP family transcriptional activator Aur1PR3.
Nonfunctioning Islet Cell Tumors (1981)

In nonfunctioning islet cell tumors of the pancreas, hormone production is not clinically evident. This type of tumor constituted 15% of all islet cell tumors seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1960 through 1978. Although identical to functioning islet cell tumors embryologically and histologically, the nonfunctioning tumors differ in presentation, location, size, and rate of malignancy. At admission to the hospital, patients often have pain or jaundice due to a large, solid, solitary lesion that occurs most commonly in the head of the pancreas. Extended survival is not excluded by the high malignancy rate (92%) of these slow-growing tumors. The survival rates at three and five years were 60% and 44%, respectively, even though most patients had metastatic disease at the time of exploration.
ChemInform Abstract: PTERIDINES. LXVIII. TRANSFORMATION OF BIOPTERIN INTO SEPIAPTERIN AND ABSOLUTE E CONFIGURATION OF SEPIAPTERIN (1979)

Abstract Die Autoxidation des Tetrahydrobiopterinsalzes (I) unter Luft, jedoch unter Lichtausschluß wegen der bekannten Photolabilität der meisten Pterin‐Derivate, führt bei pH 4 zu einem Gemisch, aus dem die Verbindungen Biopterin (IIa), Pterin (IIb), Pterincarbonsäure (IIc), Sepiapterin (IIIa) und Desoxysepiapterin (IIIb) isoliert bzw. identifiziert werden konnten.
Arrest of G <sub>1</sub> -S Progression by the p53-Inducible Gene <i>PC3</i> Is Rb Dependent and Relies on the Inhibition of Cyclin D1 Transcription (2000)

The p53-inducible gene PC3 (TIS21, BTG2) is endowed with antiproliferative activity. Here we report that expression of PC3 in cycling cells induced accumulation of hypophosphorylated, growth-inhibitory forms of pRb and led to G(1) arrest. This latter was not observed in cells with genetic disruption of the Rb gene, indicating that the PC3-mediated G(1) arrest was Rb dependent. Furthermore, (i) the arrest of G(1)-S transition exerted by PC3 was completely rescued by coexpression of cyclin D1 but not by that of cyclin A or E; (ii) expression of PC3 caused a significant down-regulation of cyclin D1 protein levels, also in Rb-defective cells, accompanied by inhibition of CDK4 activity in vivo; and (iii) the removal from the PC3 molecule of residues 50 to 68, a conserved domain of the PC3/BTG/Tob gene family, which we term GR, led to a loss of the inhibition of proliferation as well as of the down-regulation of cyclin D1 levels. These data point to cyclin D1 down-regulation as the main factor responsible for the growth inhibition by PC3. Such an effect was associated with a decrease of cyclin D1 transcript and of cyclin D1 promoter activity, whereas no effect of PC3 was observed on cyclin D1 protein stability. Taken together, these findings indicate that PC3 impairs G(1)-S transition by inhibiting pRb function in consequence of a reduction of cyclin D1 levels and that PC3 acts, either directly or indirectly, as a transcriptional regulator of cyclin D1.
GeoSTAR - a synthetic aperture approach for a geostationary microwave sounder (2004)

GeoSTAR is a new microwave atmospheric sounder under development, with capabilities similar to sensors now operating on low Earth orbiting weather satellites. GeoSTAR is intended for deployment in geostationary orbit - where it complements future infrared sounders and enables all-weather temperature and humidity soundings and rain mapping. The required spatial resolution of 50 km at 50 GHz dictates an aperture of 4 meters or more, which is difficult to achieve with a real aperture system. GeoSTAR is instead based on a synthetic aperture imaging approach. Among the advantages of such a system are that there are no moving parts, and the size of the aperture is easily expandable to meet future needs. A ground based prototype of GeoSTAR is currently under development in an effort led by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We describe the measurement and calibration approach, system design, and selected technology elements.
Methoxsalen is a potent inhibitor of the metabolism of caffeine in humans (1987)

The acute effect of a single oral dose of methoxsalen on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine was investigated in five nonsmoking volunteers with psoriasis. Caffeine, 200 mg orally, was administered to each subject at baseline before treatment with methoxsalen. One week later each subject was given a single oral dose of 1.2 mg/kg methoxsalen 1 hour before administrations of another oral dose of 200 mg caffeine. The clearance of caffeine declined markedly from 110 +/- 17 ml/min (mean +/- SE) in the control study to 34 +/- 5 ml/min after methoxsalen. During the period of maximum inhibition the mean elimination half-life of caffeine increased from 5.6 hours at baseline to 57 hours after administration of methoxsalen. The peak concentration of caffeine and the time to reach the peak concentration of caffeine were not affected by pretreatment with methoxsalen. Thus, methoxsalen, administered acutely, is a potent inhibitor of caffeine metabolism in humans with psoriasis. Results of this investigation suggest that the elimination of concurrently administered drugs may be inhibited in patients receiving methoxsalen. In comparison with other drugs, methoxsalen is the most potent inhibitor of drug metabolism in humans. Other work has shown that inhibition of drug metabolism by methoxsalen is associated with both extensive covalent binding of metabolite(s) of methoxsalen to liver microsomal protein in vitro and in vivo and inactivation of cytochrome P-450.
Displacing effects of chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and sulfadimethoxine on plasma protein binding of tolbutamide. (1985)

The interactions between chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and tolbutamide including its displacement from plasma protein binding sites were investigated pharmacokinetically. An increasing concentration of unbound tolbutamide was observed in the in vitro experiment, conducted by equilibrium dialysis method at 30 degrees C after the addition of CDCA and UDCA to human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and rabbit plasma containing tolbutamide. Small changes in total plasma concentration of tolbutamide were noted after high dose (0.167 mg/kg/min) intravenous infusion of CDCA to rabbits receiving a constant intravenous infusion of tolbutamide, but, such an observation was not obtained with low dose (0.083 mg/kg/min) of CDCA or with either high or low dose of UDCA. These results seem to indicate the displacement of high doses of CDCA. The coadministration of sulfadimethoxine which not only displaces tolbutamide from binding sites but also inhibits its metabolism was investigated. A different plasma pattern was obtained under the same intravenous infusion conditions, as compared with the plasma pattern resulting from tolbutamide-CDCA or UDCA combination.
Viscoelasticity and flow in polymeric liquids (2004)

This chapter deals with viscoelastic behavior in the liquid state, particular emphasis being placed upon those aspects associated with the flow properties of polymer melts and concentrated solutions. The time-dependent response of polymers in the glassy state and near the glass transition, one variety of viscoelasticity, was discussed in Chapter 2. The concern in this chapter is the response at long times and for temperatures well above the glass transition. The elastic behavior of polymer networks well above the glass transition was discussed in Chapter 1. The conditions here are similar, and elastic effects may be very important in polymeric liquids, but steady-state flow can now also occur because the chains are not linked together to form a network. All the molecules have finite sizes, and, for flexible-chain polymers, the materials of interest in this chapter, the molecules have random-coil conformations at equilibrium (see Chapters 1 and 7).
Early Visibility Resolution for Removing Ineffectual Computations in the Graphics Pipeline (2019)

GPUs' main workload is real-time image rendering. These applications take a description of a (animated) scene and produce the corresponding image(s). An image is rendered by computing the colors of all its pixels. It is normal that multiple objects overlap at each pixel. Consequently, a significant amount of processing is devoted to objects that will not be visible in the final image, in spite of the widespread use of the Early Depth Test in modern GPUs, which attempts to discard computations related to occluded objects. Since animations are created by a sequence of similar images, visibility usually does not change much across consecutive frames. Based on this observation, we present Early Visibility Resolution (EVR), a mechanism that leverages the visibility information obtained in a frame to predict the visibility in the following one. Our proposal speculatively determines visibility much earlier in the pipeline than the Early Depth Test. We leverage this early visibility estimation to remove ineffectual computations at two different granularities: pixel-level and tile-level. Results show that such optimizations lead to 39% performance improvement and 43% energy savings for a set of commercial Android graphics applications running on stateof-the-art mobile GPUs.
Cytotoxicity of Constituents from Mexican Propolis against a Panel of Six Different Cancer Cell Lines (2010)

The cytotoxicity of 39 compounds, including eighteen flavonoids (flavanones, 1-10; flavones, 11-17; flavanol, 18), sixteen phenolic acid derivatives (aromatic acids, 19-24; aldehyde, 25; esters, 26-34) and five glycerides (35-39), isolated from Mexican propolis, were evaluated against a panel of six different cancer cell lines; murine colon 26-L5 carcinoma, murine B16-BL6 melanoma, murine Lewis lung carcinoma, human lung A549 adenocarcinoma, human cervix HeLa adenocarcinoma and human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma. A phenylpropanoid-substituted flavanol, (2R,3S)-8-[4-phenylprop-2-en-1-one]-4',7-dihydroxy-3',5-dimethoxyflavan-3-ol (18), showed the most potent cytotoxicity against A549 cells (IC50, 6.2 microM) and HT-1080 cells (IC50, 3.9 microM), stronger than those of the clinically used anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (IC50, 7.5 microM and 5.4 microM, respectively). Based on the observed results, the structure-activity relationships are discussed.
Memory accesses reduction for MIME algorithm (2003)

Power consumption of digital systems has become a critical design parameter. An important class of digital systems includes applications such as video image processing and speech recognition, which are extremely memory dominant. In such systems, a significant amount of power is consumed during memory accesses. Reducing the number of memory accesses can considerably impact the power dissipation in the rest of the design. Therefore, optimizing an application for reduced memory access can greatly effect the overall power consumption in the entire system. This paper presents an architectural enhancement multi-stage interval-based motion estimation (MIME) algorithm that not only saves power by reducing the number of memory accesses but also significantly increases the speedup.
Increasing EtherCAT performance using frame size optimization algorithm (2011)

EtherCAT protocol is a popular Real-Time Ethernet solution that offers the highest communication efficiency in a number of operating conditions. However, for huge networks with several hundreds of devices distributed in the field, EtherCAT performance can become a critical factor. In this paper, we propose a solution for increasing EtherCAT performance using a frame size optimization algorithm. The optimization algorithm is described and analyzed for a simple scenario present in typical automation systems.
Performance of MIMO antenna selection for space-time coded OFDM systems (2004)

This paper studies the antenna selection for space-time coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems that employ multiple transmit and receive antennas. We assume that the channel state information (CSI) is exactly known at the receiver, and hence the selection is available only at the receiver. The selection criterion is based on the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio at each receive antenna averaged over all carrier frequencies. We also assume that space-time codes are used at the transmitter. We analyze the performance of such systems by deriving explicit upper bounds on the pairwise error probability (PEP). Closed form expressions for the PEP hounds are derived for special cases. We also present numerical examples and simulation results that validate our analysis. It turns out that it is difficult to make remarks about the diversity order since the expressions are not simple, however, for some special cases with M = 2, N = 2 antennas, we show that using antenna selection, one can achieve the same diversity gain as the one obtained by using all the receive antennas, provided that the underlying space-time code has full spatial diversity.
Nonlinear Bragg mirror made from a silicon phthalocyanine/methyl methacrylate copolymer (1992)

A nonlinear Bragg mirror based on saturably absorbing nonlinear-optical polymers is proposed and demonstrated. The saturable absorber is a copolymer of silicon phthalocyanine with methyl methacrylate, which exhibits its largest nonlinear absorption near 670 nm. A 23-layer stack was made by spin coating, with polymethyl methacrylate as the low-index layer, and the linear-optical performance was found to agree reasonably well with predictions based on a modified two-level model of the optical properties of the copolymer. Optical limiting at an intensity of 5-10 MW/cm(2) was demonstrated for 6-ns pulses at a wavelength of 688 nm.
Specificity of substrate and inhibitor probes for cytochrome P450s: evaluation of<i>in vitro</i>metabolism using cDNA-expressed human P450s and human liver microsomes (1996)

1. We evaluated the specificity of 15 substrates and 14 inhibitors of the cytochrome P450s using nine human P450 forms expressed in HepG2 cells using a recombinant vaccinia virus and also in human liver microsomes. 2. Coumarin, 7-ethoxyresorufin, 7-benzyloxyresorufin, tolbutamide, aniline and diazepam were form-selective substrates towards CYP2A6, the CYP1A subfamily, CYP2B6, the CYP2C subfamily, CYP2E1 and the CYP3A subfamily respectively. However, a selective substrate for CYP2D6 was not found among the chemicals tested. 3. SKF-525A inhibited > 40% of the metabolic activity of all substrates tested, and the inhibitory effects differed among P450 forms. Sulphaphenazole, 7,8-benzoflavone, quinidine and troleandomycin were selective inhibitors of the CYP2C subfamily (except CYP2C19), the CYP1A subfamily, CYP2D6 and the CYP3A subfamily respectively. Methoxsalen (CYP2A6 inhibitor) inhibited the metabolic activity of CYP1A2 as well as that of CYP2A6. Diethyldithiocarbamate (CYP2E1 inhibitor) inhibited the metabolic activities of CYP2A6 and CYP2C19 in addition to that of CYP2E1. 4. Our results indicated that substrates and inhibitors reported as P450 selective probes are not necessarily specific for individual human P450 forms. These results may provide useful information regarding human P450 substrates and inhibitors in vitro using human liver microsomal samples.
Detection of 11q13 amplification as the origin of a homogeneously staining region in small cell lung cancer by chromosome microdissection (1996)

Chromosomal homogeneous staining region (hsr), which is a cytogenetic indication of gene amplification, was found in the pleural effusion (BHII) of a patient with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) after failure of multiple drug treatments. Amplification of band 11q13 was identified as the origin of the hsr by means of chromosomal microdissection combined with G-banding, DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (micro-FISH). In situ hybridization with the biotin-labeled DNA probe generated from the hsrs of BHII to the cell line BHI, which was established from the lymph node metastasis prior to chemotherapy, revealed the preexistence of 11q13 amplification. This ruled out the possibility of therapeutic induction of the 11q13 amplification. However, the hsr-bearing marker chromosomes were identified by the micro-FISH approach as der(21)(Xqter-->Xq24::hsr(11)(q13)::21p11-->21qter+ ++) in BHII but as der(11)t(3;11)(q21;q13)hsr(11)(q13) in BHI. This suggests that 11q13 DNA sequence amplification may occur first and is then followed by various types of structural rearrangements. FISH analysis with INT2/FGF3 and HST1/FGF4 probes revealed that these protooncogenes were coamplified in the hsrs of BHI and BHII. The results obtained suggest that 11q13 amplification and the successive structural rearrangement may play an important role in the progression of the disease and its therapeutic response.
Bond Properties of Carbon Fibers in Cementitious Matrix (1995)

The interfacial bond properties of two carbon fibers, having diameters of 10 μm and 46 μm, were tested for cement matrices of different water-to-binder ( w /b) ratios and silica-fume contents. The pullout test was conducted using a special technique that prevented the brittle fiber from breaking during specimen handling. An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) was used to determine the nature of the fiber-matrix bond. The results show a friction-based bond mechanism for the fiber of 10 μm, with a bond strength of 0.5 MPa for the high w /b matrix and without silica fume. Densifying the matrix by lowering the w /b ratio or by using silica fume improved the bond by 50–100%. For the larger-diameter fiber, silica fume had a very strong effect on the bond (an increase of 370–670%). It appears that long grooves along the fiber surface creates a mechanical anchorage, which is strongly affected by the presence of silica fume.
X-ray Tomography Generates 3-D Reconstructions of the Yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> , at 60-nm Resolution (2003)

We examined the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using X-ray tomography and demonstrate unique views of the internal structural organization of these cells at 60-nm resolution. Cryo X-ray tomography is a new imaging technique that generates three-dimensional (3-D) information of whole cells. In the energy range of X-rays used to examine cells, organic material absorbs approximately an order of magnitude more strongly than water. This produces a quantifiable natural contrast in fully hydrated cells and eliminates the need for chemical fixatives or contrast enhancement reagents to visualize cellular structures. Because proteins can be localized in the X-ray microscope using immunogold labeling protocols (Meyer-Ilse et al., 2001. J. Microsc. 201, 395-403), tomography enables 3-D molecular localization. The time required to collect the data for each cell shown here was <15 min and has recently been reduced to 3 min, making it possible to examine numerous yeast and to collect statistically significant high-resolution data. In this video essay, we show examples of 3-D tomographic reconstructions of whole yeast and demonstrate the power of this technology to obtain quantifiable information from whole, hydrated cells.