gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of the Tn5 transposase in Escherichia coli results in filamentation, aberrant nucleoid segregation, and cell death: analysis of E. coli and transposase suppressor mutations (1994)

Overexpression of the Tn5 transposase (Tnp) was found to be lethal to Escherichia coli. This killing was not caused by transposition or dependent on the transpositional or DNA binding competence of Tnp. Instead, it was strictly correlated with the presence of a wild-type N terminus. Deletions removing just two N-terminal amino acids of Tnp resulted in partial suppression of this effect, and deletions of Tnp removing 3 or 11 N-terminal amino acids abolished the killing effect. This cytotoxic effect of Tnp overexpression is accompanied by extensive filament formation (i.e., a defect in cell division) and aberrant nucleoid segregation. Four E. coli mutants were isolated which allow survival upon Tnp overexpression, and the mutations are located at four discrete loci. These suppressor mutations map near essential genes involved in cell division and DNA segregation. One of these mutations maps to a 4.5-kb HindIII region containing the ftsYEX (cell division) locus at 76 min. A simple proposition which accounts for all of these observations is that Tnp interacts with an essential E. coli factor affecting cell division and/or chromosome segregation and that overexpression of Tnp titrates this factor below a level required for viability of the cell. Furthermore, the N terminus of Tnp is necessary for this interaction. The possible significance of this phenomenon for the transposition process is discussed.
Improved Triacylglycerol Production in Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 by Metabolic Engineering (2011)

In silico predictions of beneficial gene deletions were verified experimentally. The chosen single and multiple gene deletions affected beneficially the natural triacylglycerol metabolism of A. baylyi ADP1. This study demonstrates the importance of single gene deletions in triacylglycerol metabolism, and proposes Acinetobacter sp. ADP1 as a model system for bioenergetic studies regarding metabolic engineering.
Gain and loss of polyadenylation signals during evolution of green algae (2007)

Polyadenylation signals in green algae show considerable variation. A new NUE (UGUAA) was invented in derived chlorophytes and replaced not only the A-rich NUE but the complete poly(A) signal in all chlorophytes investigated except Scherffelia (only NUE replaced) and Pyramimonas (UGUAA completely missing). The UGUAA element is completely absent from streptophytes. However, the structure of the poly(A) signal was often modified in streptophyte algae. In most species investigated, an A-rich NUE is missing; instead, these species seem to rely mainly on U-rich elements.
Emulsion polymerization of styrene with sodium hexadecyl sulphate/hexadecanol mixtures as emulsifiers. Initiation in monomer droplets (1974)

Abstract Part 1 describes the emulsification of styrene with mixtures of sodium hexadecyl sulphate (SHS), and hexadecanol (HD). Addition of HD led to a much better emulsification than with the anionic emulsifier alone. The effect of the fatty alcohol depended strongly upon the method of preparation of the emulsion. To obtain a fine dispersion of styrene it was necessary to treat the anionic emulsifier and the fatty alcohol with water at an elevated temperature prior to the addition of styrene. In this way emulsions with droplet sizes in the range of 0,5–1 μm could be prepared with relatively small amounts of fatty alcohol and with moderate stirring. The finely dispersed monomer emulsions produced by this method were capable of adsorbing the major part of the anionic emulsifier. Part 2 describes emulsion polymerization experiments with mixtures of SHS and HD. With emulsifier systems providing the most effective emulsification, the monomer droplets became the main loci for particle initiation and polymerization. Evidence for this hypothesis was provided by the bimodal dispersion of the latex particles, the major part being particles with a size distribution similar to that of the monomer droplet emulsion. The results of the kinetic investigations provided additional arguments for a mechanism involving initiation and polymerization in monomer droplets.
Gigahertz Optical Modulation (1969)

Light pulses from a mode-locked He-Ne laser have been modulated by a LiTaO(3) electrooptic crystal mounted on a thin film substrate. The crystal was driven by pulses from a GaAs Gunn effect diode. Amplitude modulation of 20% has been achieved at 2 GHz for a single pass through the modulator.
Integrated mid-infrared photonic circuits for label-free biochemical sensing (2016)

A chip-scale biochemical sensor was developed using mid-Infrared (mid-IR) transparent silicon nitride (SiN) optical waveguides. The label free detection was conducted at λ = 2.70 - 2.81 μm because these spectral regions overlap with the characteristic glucose absorption associated with O-H stretches. Strong intensity attenuation at λ > 2.73 μm was found for the SiN waveguide covered by glucose and a detection limit less than 0.5 ng was experimentally demonstrated. The observed high sensitivity is attributed to a long mid-IR - glucose interaction length owning to the waveguide geometry and an increased sensing surface from the pedestal structure.
Histone deacetylases facilitate sodium/calcium exchanger up‐regulation in adult cardiomyocytes (2009)

It is becoming increasingly evident that histone deacetylases (HDACs) have a prominent role in the alteration of gene expression during the growth remodeling process of cardiac hypertrophy. HDACs are generally viewed as corepressors of gene expression. However, we demonstrate that class I and class II HDACs play an important role in the basal expression and up-regulation of the sodium calcium exchanger (Ncx1) gene in adult cardiomyocytes. Treatment with the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) prevented the pressure-overload-stimulated up-regulation of Ncx1 expression. Overexpression of HDAC5 resulted in the dose-dependent up-regulation of basal and alpha-adrenergic stimulated Ncx1 expression. We show that Nkx2.5 recruits HDAC5 to the Ncx1 promoter, where HDAC5 complexes with HDAC1. Nkx2.5 also interacts with transcriptional activator p300, which is recruited to the Ncx1 promoter. We demonstrate that when Nkx2.5 is acetylated, it is found associated with HDAC5, whereas deacetylated Nkx2.5 is in complex with p300. Notably, TSA treatment prevents p300 from being recruited to the endogenous Ncx1 promoter, resulting in the repression of Ncx1 expression. We propose a novel model for Ncx1 regulation in which deacetylation of Nkx2.5 is required for the recruitment of p300 and results in up-regulation of exchanger expression.
Monitoring Metastatic Behavior of Human Tumor Cells in Mice with Species-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction: Elevated Expression of Angiogenesis and Bone Resorption Stimulators by Breast Cancer in Bone Metastases (2001)

Tumor-stroma interactions are of primary importance in determining the pathogenesis of metastasis. Here, we describe the application of sensitive competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for detection and quantitation of human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) in an in vivo mouse model of experimental metastasis. Human-specific oligonucleotide primers in competitive PCR reactions were used to quantify the amount of MDA-MB-231 cells per tissue per organ. Using this species-specific (semi)quantitative PCR approach, gene expression patterns of (human) tumor cells or (mouse) stromal cells in metastatic lesions in the skeleton or soft tissues were investigated and compared. In all metastatic lesions, MDA-MB-231 cells express angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factors [VEGFs]; VEGF-A, -B, and -C) and bone-acting cytokines (parathyroid hormone-related protein [PTHrP] and macrophage colony-stimulating factor [M-CSF]). In these metastases, PECAM-1-positive blood vessels and stromal cells of mouse origin are detected. The latter express angiogenic factors and markers of sprouting vessels (VEGF receptors flt-1/flk - 1/flk-4 and CD31/PECAM-1). Strikingly, steady-state messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of VEGF-A and -B and the major bone resorption stimulators PTHrP and M-CSF by tumor cells were elevated significantly in bone versus soft tissues (p < or = 0.05, p < or = 0.0001, p < or = 0.001, and p < or = 0.05, respectively), indicating tissue-specific expression of these tumor progression factors. In conclusion, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells express a variety of factors in vivo that have been implicated in metastatic bone disease and that correlate with poor survival of patients with breast cancer. We hypothesize that the observed up-regulated expression of angiogenic and bone-resorbing factors by the breast cancer cells in the skeleton underlie the clinically observed osteotropism of breast cancer cells and pathogenesis of osteolytic bone metastases. The application of the species-specific competitive PCR-based assay in vivo can provide new information concerning the involvement of gene families in tumor progression and metastatic disease and greatly facilitates the study of tumor-stroma interactions in cancer invasion and metastasis.
Color Atlas and Text of Neuropathology (1995)

Color atlas and text of neuropathology , Color atlas and text of neuropathology , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
CRIME AND CRIMINAL LAW (2013)

The definition of a crime has always been regarded as a matter of great difficulty. The problem was discussed by Professor Kenny in his first edition of this work, and his exposition ever since has been regarded with careful consideration in any approach to the question. Where the task of definition is difficult it is advisable that a student should not address himself to it until he has acquired some considerable knowledge of the subject-matter to be defined. Professor Kenny's original chapter was therefore reproduced as an appendix in the last edition followed by a brief note of some points of criticism to which it has been subjected. The truth appears to be that no satisfactory definition has yet been achieved, and that it is, indeed, not possible to discover a legal definition of crime which can be of value for English law. The reasons for this are to be found in the history of our common law.
Wireless Communications & Networking (2007)

This book provides comprehensive coverage of mobile data networking and mobile communications under a single cover for diverse audiences including managers, practicing engineers, and students who need to understand this industry. In the last two decades, many books have been written on the subject of wireless communications and networking. However, mobile data networking and mobile communications were not fully addressed in a unified fashion. This book fills that gap in the literature and is written to provide essentials of wireless communications and wireless networking, including Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), and Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWAN). The first ten chapters of the book focus on the fundamentals that are required to study mobile data networking and mobile communications. Numerous solved examples have been included to show applications of theoretical concepts. In addition, unsolved problems are given at the end of each chapter for practice. (A solutions manual will be available.)After introducing fundamental concepts, the book focuses on mobile networking aspects. Four chapters are devoted on the discussion of WPAN, WLAN, WWAN, and internetworking between WLAN and WWAN. Remaining seven chapters deal with other aspects of mobile communications such as mobility management, security, cellular network planning, and 4G systems.A unique feature of this book that is missing in most of the available books on wireless communications and networking is a balance between the theoretical and practical concepts. Moreover, this book can be used to teach a one/two semester course in mobile data networking and mobile communications to ECE and CS students. *Details the essentials of Wireless Personal Area Networks(WPAN), Wireless Local Are Networks (WLAN), and Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWAN)*Comprehensive and up-to-date coverage including the latest in standards and 4G technology*Suitable for classroom use in senior/first year grad level courses. Solutions manual and other instructor support available
Elongation and premature termination of transcripts initiated from c-fos and c-myc promoters show dissimilar patterns. (1995)

RNA polymerase II seems to be prone to stop at intrinsic pause sites, thus introducing a further potential level of regulation. It was recently shown that RNA polymerase II was held at the P2 promoter of c-myc gene. We confirmed the presence of engaged polymerases in the murine fibroblastic Ltk- and pre-B lymphoid 70Z3 cell lines. High resolution run-on analysis and in vivo permanganate-dependent footprinting showed that this holds true for the c-fos gene in unstimulated cells where a strong block to transcription elongation was evidenced. In contrast to what was observed in the c-myc gene, an even more intense signal was observed in run-on experiments downstream to the promoter, on a c-fos oligonucleotide including position +385 where an in vitro transcription arrest site was previously mapped. Genomic footprinting of DNA from intact cells and isolated nuclei confirmed the involvement of several thymidines belonging to a T-rich stretch in a melted region which was not detected upon polymerase release. In order to observe a short abortive c-fos transcript accumulating in vivo we resorted to microinjection of c-fos templates in Xenopus oocytes where transcripts were stable.
Abnormal responses of the autonomic nervous system in food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. (1992)

We investigated abnormal responses of the autonomic nervous system and measured plasma histamine levels before and after exercise challenge following food ingestion in four patients with food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. The patients' histories and the radioallergosorbent tests showed that food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis resulted from preexercise-ingestion of shrimp, hen's egg, and any food in two patients, one patient and one patient, respectively. The plasma histamine level increased in only one of four patients when the exercise challenge followed the ingestion of nonoffending foods. Our investigation of changes in the autonomic nervous system before and after food-exercise challenge in all patients included comparing results obtained after the food-exercise challenge in controls and comparing results obtained before food-exercise challenge in the patients. After food-exercise challenge, systolic blood pressure significantly decreased and the heart rate increased during the postural test, heart rate tended to decrease in the Aschner test, and the increase of systolic blood pressure was reduced in the cold pressor test. After food-exercise challenge, the parasympathetic nervous activity increased and responsiveness of the sympathetic nervous system was reduced. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis may therefore occur in relation to allergic reactions and abnormality of the autonomic nervous system.
TFG, a target of chromosome translocations in lymphoma and soft tissue tumors, fuses to GPR128 in healthy individuals (2009)

Targeted array comparative genomic hybridization to identify cryptic oncogenic fusion genes in patients with atypical myeloproliferative neoplasms identified a 111 kb amplification with breakpoints within the TRK-fused gene (TFG, a target of translocations in lymphoma and thyroid tumors) and G-protein-coupled receptor 128 (GPR128) resulting in an expressed in-frame TFG-GPR128 fusion transcript. The fusion gene was also identified in healthy individuals at a frequency of 0.02 (3/120). Normally both genes are in identical orientations with TFG immediately downstream of GPR128. In individuals with a copy number variant amplification, one or two copies of the TFG-GPR128 fusion are found between the two parental genes. The breakpoints share a region of microhomology, and haplotype and microsatellite analysis indicate a single ancestral origin. Analysis of PopGen cohorts showed no obvious phenotype association. An in silico search of EST databases found no other copy number variant amplification-associated fusion transcripts, suggesting that this is an uncommon event. Conclusions The finding of a polymorphic gene fusion in healthy individuals adds another layer to the complexity of human genome variation and emphasizes the importance of careful discrimination of oncogenic changes found in tumor samples from non-pathogenic normal variation.
Clinical Use of Bone Densitometry (2002)

Guidelines based on systematic reviews and a cost-effectiveness analysis have suggested that it is worthwhile to measure BMD in white women older than 65 years and perhaps to use risk factors to select younger postmenopausal women for densitometry. Other potential clinical applications of BMD that have not yet been adequately studied include screening men or nonwhite women, monitoring BMD in patients receiving treatment, and using BMD to identify patients who should be evaluated for secondary causes of osteoporosis.
CD 30 expression in follicular lymphoma (1991)

The CD30 antigen is a characteristic phenotypic feature of Sternberg-Reed and Hodgkin cells and is also found in a subset of large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The finding of CD30 positive cells in some centroblastic/centrocytic (cb/cc) follicular lymphomas prompted us to characterize the presence and distribution of CD30 positive cells in this type of lymphoma, using the monoclonal antibody BerH2. CD30 positive cells were present in 17/19 of the cases studied, located mainly at the edge of the neoplastic follicles, but also in some cases in perinodular or T-cell areas. This distribution resembles that found in reactive tonsils and lymph nodes. The majority of these CD30 positive cells in cb/cc lymphoma seem to be B-cells, as suggested by their reactivity with B-cell markers demonstrated by double immunostaining. The nature of these CD30 positive cells is unclear, but they should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of cb/cc lymphoma with lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease.
DETERMINATION OF FRONTAL OFFSET TEST CONDITIONS BASED ON CRASH DA (1998)

An analysis of crash data is presented using the National Automot Sampling System (NASS) and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) for fatality counts. The population is drivers in frontal collisions with air bag restraints. Using NASS, frontal impact mo are grouped into general conditions which will best repres the real world impact environment. These general test conditions include full barrier, left and right offset, and other impact mod Using these general groupings of impact conditions, the analysis further assesses degree of overlap and impact direction to determ more specifically which crash conditions result in highest injury/fatality to drivers with air bags. Injury/fatality risk is also assessed by driver size and body region, with a more detaile analysis of leg injuries. Finally, a preliminary benefits analysi presented for a future frontal, left, offset test procedure. A te procedure has been developed, and is reported on in a separate pa Collinear and oblique, offset, frontal crash testing, at differen widths of overlap, has been conducted with several current model, target cars into a standard bullet car at closing speeds of a 110 kph. Dummy injury measurements and structural responses provi basis for determining which impact conditions produce the most se environment for occupants with air bags. It appears that the obli impact with over 50 percent overlap produces the most severe responses on the target car. Development of this impact configuration into a potential frontal test procedure has been completed using a moving deformable barrier (MDB). For the cover abstract see IRRD E102514.
8-Gbit/s transmission experiment over 68 km of optical fiber using a Ti:LiNbO<sub>3</sub>external modulator (1987)

We describe the performance of an experimental 1.5-μm lightwave transmission system operating at 8 Gbit/s over 68.3 km of single-mode fiber. The dispersion penalty is limited to 1 dB through the use of external modulation and is attributable to the intrinsic information bandwidth.
New design technology for EEPROM memory cells with 10 million write/erase cycling endurance (1989)

The authors describe a novel design technology for improving the write/erase cycling endurance characteristics for EEPROM (electrically erasable PROM) memory cells with self-aligned double polysilicon stacked structure. In this device, the source n/sup +/ region is located within the depletion region of the surface channel area when high voltage is applied to the drain with the source left floating. It is confirmed experimentally that the endurance of the newly designed memory cell using a 0.5- mu m design rule can be more than 10/sup 7/ write/erase cycles. This memory cell has superior potential for application to 64-Mb flash or 4-Mb full-featured EEPROMs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Business Resolution Engine for Cloud Marketplaces (2011)

Nowadays cloud computing can be considered as a key element of modern ICT systems, changing the technological and architectural aspects that these systems are designed and managed. The number and variety of applications, exploiting the advantages of this new computing paradigm, is increasing, emerging a new market of services and resources. Modern applications, from enterprise software to mobile and social networking apps are adapted and become available through the Cloud, allowing wider adoption and advanced functionality. Besides the numerous technical and technological advancements, cloud computing also leverages new business models and value networks. To this direction more entities are involved in the service delivery process and marketplaces are created to ease the development of applications through reusability and aggregation of services and resources. In this paper we present an innovative mechanism for the resolution of the customers' requirements which enhances the process of selecting cloud services from the business point of view.
A role for galanin in antidepressant actions with a focus on the dorsal raphe nucleus (2005)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as fluoxetine (FLX), are the most commonly used drugs in the treatment of major depression. However, there is a limited understanding of their molecular mechanism of action. Although the acute effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in elevating synaptic serotonin concentrations is well known, the clinical amelioration of depressive symptoms requires 14-21 days of treatment, suggesting that numerous other rearrangements of function in the CNS must take place. In the present study, we demonstrated that 14 days of FLX treatment up-regulated galanin mRNA levels by 100% and GalR2-binding sites by 50%, in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus, where galanin coexists with serotonin. Furthermore, a galanin receptor antagonist, M40, attenuated the antidepressant-like effect of FLX in the forced swim test, a rodent preclinical screen commonly used to evaluate antidepressant-like efficacy. Direct activation of galanin receptors by a galanin receptor agonist, galnon, was found to produce an antidepressant-like effect in the same task. Two other antidepressant treatments also affected the galaninergic system in the monoaminergic nuclei: Electroconvulsive shock elevated galanin mRNA levels in dorsal raphe nucleus, whereas sleep deprivation increased galanin mRNA levels in the locus coeruleus, further underlining the connection between activation of the galaninergic system and antidepressant action of various clinically proven treatments.