gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 3'-N-methylbiotin (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 3'-N-methylbiotinGeorge F. FieldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 6, 1084–1085Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00400a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00400a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The genome sequence of the commercially cultivated mushroom Agrocybe aegerita reveals a conserved repertoire of fruiting-related genes and a versatile suite of biopolymer-degrading enzymes (2018)

The genome resource will be useful for developing strategies towards genetic manipulation of A. aegerita, which will subsequently allow functional genetics approaches to elucidate fundamentals of fruiting and vegetative growth including lignocellulolysis.
On the use of filtering techniques for hybrid methods in computational aero-acoustics (2006)

Hybrid CAA-approaches are commonly used for aeroacoustic engineering applications. In this kind of computational techniques, the numerical domain is split into a noise generating region, where an aerodynamic field generates the acoustic sources, and an acoustic propagation region. Nowadays a large variety of hybrid approaches exist differing from each other in the way the source region is modeled; in the way the equations are used to compute the propagation of acoustic waves in a non-quiescent medium; and in the way the coupling between source and acoustic propagation regions is made. The coupling between source and propagation region is usually made using equivalent sources (acoustic analogies) or acoustic boundary conditions (Kirchhoff’s method). For certain applications both coupling approaches tend to give erroneous results: acoustic analogies are inaccurate if the acoustic variables are of the same order of magnitude as the flow variables, which is the case for flow-acoustic feedback phenomena such as cavity noise or when acoustic resonance occur which happens for duct aeroacoustics applications; acoustic boundary conditions are sensitive to hydrodynamic pressure fluctuations when a vortical flow passes through the Kirchhoff’s surface. These inaccuracies can be avoided by using appropriate filtering techniques where the solution in the source domain is split into an acoustic and a hydrodynamic part. This paper illustrates the need for such filtering techniques for CAA-applications and starts with the theoretical development of a new filtering technique based on an aerodynamic-acoustic splitting.
Early detection of lung cancer: role of biomarkers (2003)

Early detection of lung cancer requires none or few invasive techniques. Distal lung cancer (40% of the cases in most European countries) can be sensitively detected by spiral computed tomography. Theoretically, in 60% of cases, the proximal lesions (main to segmental bronchi, accessible by bronchoscopy) should be able to be detected by sputum cytology. Unfortunately, this very specific technique has a low sensitivity and is time consuming. Fluorescent bronchoscopy increases the detection rate of early or micro-invasive lesions and may be proposed in highly selected populations, but not as a screening test. Biomarkers in blood and sputum have not yet been clinically validated. However, the amount of data generated from studies first on resected tumours, then on early bronchial lesions and more recently on blood and sputum offer a wide field for investigation. Lung carcinogenesis is a multistep process characterised by the accumulation of successive molecular genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, resulting in selection of clonal cells with uncontrolled growth capacities throughout the whole respiratory tract (field cancerisation). Molecular lesions far precede morphological transformation of preneoplastic bronchial lesions (dysplasia) or alveolar lesions (atypical alveolar hyperplasia). Genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in the genes involved in cell cycle, senescence, apoptosis, repair, differentiation and cell migration control may be detected on bronchial biopsies, on respiratory cells from the sputum and even in the circulating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The key genes involved include those in the P53-retinoblastoma (Rb) pathways. The balance between cyclin-dependent kinases and their inhibitors regulates the level of Rb phosphorylation and its function at G1-S transition; P53 plays at least two functions (cell cycle and apoptosis control). The balance of bax-bcl2 is important in the control of apoptosis as well as loss of fragile histidine triad expression. O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase seems to be important in DNA repair control, the RARbeta receptor in differentiation, and cadherin H and E and different metalloproteases genes in cell migration. The demonstration of hyperexpression or silencing of these genes needs different validated techniques: immunohistochemistry on biopsies or cytological preparations, molecular biology techniques for mutations, loss of heterozygosity and aberrant methylation abnormalities. Automation and miniaturisation of these techniques will allow early detection and may be widely applied once clinically validated.
Radiation sources based on laser–plasma interactions (2006)

Plasma waves excited by intense laser beams can be harnessed to produce femtosecond duration bunches of electrons with relativistic energies. The very large electrostatic forces of plasma density wakes trailing behind an intense laser pulse provide field potentials capable of accelerating charged particles to high energies over very short distances, as high as 1GeV in a few millimetres. The short length scale of plasma waves provides a means of developing very compact high-energy accelerators, which could form the basis of compact next-generation light sources with unique properties. Tuneable X-ray radiation and particle pulses with durations of the order of or less than 5fs should be possible and would be useful for probing matter on unprecedented time and spatial scales. If developed to fruition this revolutionary technology could reduce the size and cost of light sources by three orders of magnitude and, therefore, provide powerful new tools to a large scientific community. We will discuss how a laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerator can be used to produce radiation with unique characteristics over a very large spectral range.
Biomechanics in the musculoskeletal system (2002)

Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related surgery, Vol 18, No 6 (July-August), 2002: pp 678–679
Study of Transport and Dielectric of Resistive Memory States in NiO Thin Film (2005)

We have measured the DC resistance R ( T ) and AC dielectric constant ε (ω) for the bistable high- R and low- R states of NiO thin film. The high- R state shows thermally activated resistance and Debye relaxation of ε (ω). In the low- R state, R ( T ) exhibits a metallic temperature dependence of R (300 K)/ R (5 K)=1.6. The value of ε (ω) is drastically different from that of the high- R state, and we interpret it in terms of the free-carrier Drude dielectric response. The plasma frequency ω p 2 in the metallic low- R state is estimated to be 1.2×10 9 /cm 3 .
The zebrafish: a new model organism for integrative physiology (2002)

This brief review summarizes features of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, that make it a suitable model organism for studies of regulatory physiology. The review presents the argument that random mutagenesis screens are a valuable gene-finding strategy to identify genes of functional importance and that their utility, although well established for developmental issues, will extend to a variety of topics of interest to the regulatory physiologist. Particular attention is drawn to the range of functional responses amenable to mutagenesis screens in larval zebrafish. Other virtues of the organism, the range of genomic tools, the potential for innovative optical methods, and the tractability for genetic and other experimental manipulations, are also described. Finally, the review provides examples of functional studies in zebrafish, including studies in sensory neurons, cardiac rhythm disturbances, gastrointestinal function, and studies of the developing kidney, that illustrate potential applications. Because of the relative ease with which combinatorial studies can be performed, the zebrafish may eventually be particularly valuable in understanding the functional interaction between subtle gene defects that cause polygenic disorders.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Enantiomers of the Potent and Selective A<sub>1</sub>-Adenosine Antagonist 1,3-Dipropyl-8-[2-(5,6-epoxynorbonyl)]- xanthine (1997)

The individual enantiomers 8 and 12 of the potent and highly selective racemic A1-adenosine antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-[2-(5,6-epoxynorbornyl)]xanthine (ENX, 4) were synthesized utilizing asymmetric Diels-Alder cycloadditions for the construction of the norbornane moieties. The absolute configuration of 12 was determined by X-ray crystallography of the 4-bromobenzoate 14, which was derived from the bridged secondary alcohol 13. The latter was obtained from 12 by an acid-catalyzed intramolecular rearrangement. The binding affinities of the enantiomers 8 and 12 and the racemate 4 at guinea pig, rat, and cloned human A1- and A2a-adenosine receptor subtypes were determined. The S-enantiomer 12 (CVT-124) appears to be one of the more potent and clearly the most A1-selective antagonist reported to date, with K1 values of 0.67 and 0.45 nM, respectively, at the rat and cloned human A1-receptors and with 1800-fold (rat) and 2400-fold (human) subtype selectivity. Both enantiomers, administered intravenously to saline-loaded rats, induced diuresis via antagonism of renal A1-adenosine receptors.
A REVIEW OF GLASSLIKE CARBONS (1968)

Abstract : A relatively new group of carbons having several characteristics resembling glass is of sufficient interest in connection with technological demands for improved materials to prompt this report. The generic term 'glasslike' is appropriate for these carbons because they exhibit a glassy surface appearance, conchoidal fracture, internal-friction characteristics resembling glass more closely than normal graphite, and gas impermeability comparable to glass. The structure of glasslike carbons is not well understood; it resists change by graphitization at temperatures up to about 3000C. The report reviews the preparation, formation mechanisms, structure, properties, and applications of glasslike carbons. The unique combination of properties and resulting potential applications has stimulated manufacture of glasslike carbons by several companies. Available property data on the various products are included.
Human mesenchymal stem cells at the single‐cell level: simultaneous seven‐colour immunofluorescence (2007)

Extracellular, intracellular or surface proteins can be used as putative markers to characterize human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). However, these markers are also expressed by other cell types and primary cell pools reveal considerable heterogeneity. Therefore, the simultaneous detection of several markers on a single cell appears to be an attractive approach to identify hMSC. Here we demonstrate the specific distinction of human MSC from human osteoblasts via seven-colour fluorescence on the single cell level with simultaneous marker detection of CD44, CD105/endoglin, CD106/VCAM-1, collagen-IV, fibronectin, actin and DAPI nuclear staining. We performed spectral image acquisition using a Sagnac-type interferometer. Subsequent linear unmixing allowed for decomposition of each pixel in its spectral components. Our approach reveals a typical expression profile of the adherent singular cells, allowing the specific distinction between hMSC and osteoblasts on the single cell level.
Comparative study of alkaline phosphatase and prostate specific antigen in prostate cancer. (2000)

The study comprised between healthy and benign controls and proven 62 cases of prostate cancer at different clinical stages. The mean value of increasing level of PSA in group III was found to be highly significant when compared with group I. Whereas, the mean value of elevated levels of ALP in stage III and IV from group III was found to be highly significant when compared with group I. Though the mean value of ALP was increased in stage I and II from group III when compared with group I, it was not found highly significant. Hence the elevated levels of ALP were significantly correlated with advanced stages of prostate cancer. Whereas, increased levels of PSA contribute to the diagnosis of potentially increased volume of the prostate cancer.
The mouse equivalent of the human p53ser249 mutation p53ser246 enhances aflatoxin hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis B surface antigen transgenic and p53 heterozygous null mice (1998)

The relative contribution to development of hepatocellular carcinoma of the mouse equivalent to the human p53ser249 mutation, found in human hepatocellular carcinoma associated with aflatoxin (AFB1) exposure, is compared with other major risk factors in a transgenic mouse model. Transgenic p53ser246 mice, expressing the mutant protein gene under the control of a truncated albumin promoter, were bred to mice lacking p53 (p53-/-) and to transgenic mice expressing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). AFB1 hepatocarcinogenesis was then determined in offspring with single or multiple risk factors by determination of the numbers of high-grade hepatic tumors at 13 months of age. In AFB1-treated male mice, expression of the p53ser246 mutation increases the incidence of high-grade tumors from 0% to 14% in HBsAg-negative, p53+/+ (wild-type homozygous) control mice; from 14% to 71% in HBsAg-negative, p53+/- (wild-type heterozygous) mice; and from 62% to 100% in HBsAg-positive, p53+/+ mice. Thus, whereas HBsAg expression and AFB1 together are strongly cocarcinogenic, the presence of the p53ser246 mutant not only significantly enhances this cocarcinogenic effect, it also increases tumorigenesis in AFB1-treated p53 heterozygous and homozygous mice not expressing HBsAg. The possibility that the p53ser246 mutant protein may act as a promoting agent for AFB1 hepatocarcinogenesis is discussed.
A Secure MQAM Scheme Based on Signal Constellation Hopping (2014)

In this paper, a secure multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) scheme is proposed for the physical layer security (PLS) of the wireless communications. In the proposed scheme, each transmitted symbol's signal constellation (SC) is hopping with the control of two unique factors: amplitude distortion (AD) factor and phase hopping (PH) factor. With unknown the two factors, the eavesdropper cannot extract effective information from the received signal. We first introduce a security metric, referred to as secrecy gain, and drive a lower bound on the gain that the secrecy capacity can be improved. Then, we investigate the relationship among the secrecy gain, the signal to noise power ratios (SNRs) of the main and wiretap channels, and the secrecy capacity. Next, we analyze the security of the proposed scheme, and the results indicate that the secrecy capacity is improved by our scheme. Specifically, a positive secrecy capacity is always obtained, whether the quality of the main channel is better than that of the wiretap channel or not. Finally, the numerical results are provided to prove the analytical work, which further suggests the security of the proposed scheme..
High quality text-to-speech synthesis: a comparison of four candidate algorithms (2002)

We investigate the use of four candidate speech models in the context of high quality text-to-speech systems (HQ-TTS), address problems typically encountered by their prosody matching and segment concatenation modules, and compare their performances regarding: the segment database compression ratio they allow, the computational load of the related synthesis algorithms, as well as their intelligibility and subjective segmental quality. The models addressed are: the classical auto-regressive (LPC) one, the hybrid harmonic/stochastic (H/S) model proposed by Griffin and Lim (1988) and by Abrantes, Marques and Transcoso (1991), the 'null' model, as implemented by the time-domain pitch-synchronous overlap-add (TD-PSOLA) synthesis algorithm, and the multi-band re-synthesis pitch-synchronous overlap-add (MBR-PSOLA) model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
한국경찰의 발전방향과 과제 (2005)

우리나라 경찰은 21세기의 세계사적 환경변화뿐만 아니라 국내적으로도 매우 다양한 환경변화에 직면하고 있다. 정치ㆍ행정적인 측면에서는 자치경찰의 실시계획이 가시화되고 있으며, 행정성과의 강조에 따라 생산성을 제고하기 위한 다양한 혁신이 요청되고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 사회ㆍ경제적인 측면에서는 범죄유형의 변화와 더불어 시민들의 의식이 향상되면서 보다 양질의 치안서비스를 요청하고 있다. 이와 같은 국내외적 환경변화에 적절히 대응하기 위해서는 우리나라 경찰의 기능수행 방식의 혁신에 더하여 역할에 대한 근본적 재검토가 필요한 시점이기도 하다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 우리나라 경찰을 둘러싼 환경적 요인들을 보다 심층적으로 분석해 보고, 그에 입각한 적절한 대응방안을 모색하고 있다. 현재의 환경변화에 적절히 대응하면서도 21세기 우리나라 경찰의 지속적 발전을 도모하기 위해서는 자치경찰의 정착, 수사권의 독립, 경찰지역사회관계의 구축 및 혁신역량의 확보 등이 필요함을 제시하고 있다.
Parallel loop transformation techniques for vector-based multiprocessor systems (1995)

A parallel vector processor (PVP) supercomputer relies on parallel processing and pipelines to deliver its enormous computational rate. Loop parallelization and vectorization together enable the performance of application programs to approach the theoretical peak rate of a PVP. This dissertation presents a series of powerful compiling techniques that broaden the classes of loops that can be vectorized and parallelized.
A serial loop can be executed in parallel by different processors if it does not have any loop-carried dependencies (LCD). We propose analysis and transformation techniques to detect and/or remove non-inherent LCD which include: geometric dependence testing methods to perform private array analysis, a code generation method to enable DOALL transformation of loops involving conditionally defined privatized variables, a symbolic analysis technique which in the presence of control constructs allows a compiler to remove false dependencies from irrelevant flow paths.
Loop vectorization has been found to be one of the most significant forms of parallelism. However, it has traditionally been limited to innermost loops and outer loops which are made innermost by the application of loop distribution and interchange. We propose a framework for direct vectorization of outer loops (OLV); i.e., vectorization of an outer loop without interchange or distribution. The framework includes: general vector execution modeling, legality of OLV, vector loop selection and an OLV vector code generator.
These techniques have been implemented in the Cray Fortran-90 compiling system. Implementation details are presented. The efficacy of these techniques are demonstrated by significant performance improvement of application programs.
Polarization selectivity of gratings written in Hi-Bi fibers by the external method (1995)

Gratings have been written in a commercially available elliptical-core fiber using the transverse holographic method. Type I and II-A dynamics have been observed as being strongly anisotropic. As a result, the grating reflectivity can be made highly polarization dependent according to the experimental conditions of the inscription.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pickering-Emulsion-Templated Encapsulation of a Hydrophilic Amine and Its Enhanced Stability Using Poly(allyl amine) (2014)

Efficient encapsulation of tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), as an example aliphatic amine, was achieved by an emulsion-templated, in situ polymerization. Hydrophobically modified clay nanoplatelets were employed as emulsifiers to obtain water-in-oil (W/O) dispersions followed by interfacial polymerization between a portion of the TEPA cargo and polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate (PMPPI). The resultant capsules exhibit spherical shape, desirable thermal stability, modest barrier properties, and shear-induced release in an epoxide monomer mixture. Most importantly, a significant gain in capsule barrier properties was realized by introducing poly(allyl amine) (pAAm) as an interface-selective reactive additive in the Pickering emulsions. In addition to the fundamental interest of pAAm localization and interface-selective reactivity, this microencapsulation system for aliphatic amines has technological potential in coating, self-healing, and drug-delivery applications.
Is the action of inhibin mediated via a unique receptor? (2000)

The receptor system and the molecular mechanisms by which inhibin acts on its target cells are poorly understood, in contrast to the situation for the structurally related molecule, activin. On the basis of evidence that the biological action of inhibin in a number of systems resembles that of an activin antagonist, it has been contended that inhibin operates by competition for the activin receptor rather than through a specific inhibin receptor. However, mounting evidence indicates that inhibin also interacts with high affinity and specificity with membrane-binding proteins that are likely to be the putative inhibin receptor.
Chapitre I. La richesse à Damas : hiérarchie sociale et différenciation spatiale (1997)

Étudier, pour les xviiie et xixe siècles, la société du faubourg dont nous venons de tracer les grandes lignes de la constitution ne peut se faire qu'à travers une approche globale de la société damascène. Les actes de succession, enregistrés dans les deux qisma, constituent à cet égard une source de toute première importance. Comme nous l'avons signalé dans notre présentation des sources, nous avons constitué un corpus de 367 actes de succession concernant l'ensemble des habitants de Damas :...