gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capillary Pressure Data from NMR Logs and Its Implications on Field Economics (2001)

Abstract The analogous behaviors of capillary pressure and 1/T2 decay versus saturation data provide a methodology for deriving synthetic capillary pressure information directly from NMR logs even if core data are not available. Estimations of irreducible water saturation4 from NMR log-based synthetic capillary pressure profiles have numerous benefits. One benefit is the enhanced accuracy of permeability estimations by using synthetic bulk volume irreducible in the bound water model. Availability of synthetic bulk volume irreducible data from capillary pressure modeling eliminates the requirements for determining the T2cutoff time from core analysis data or assuming generally accepted constants for it (33 ms for clastics and 92 ms for carbonates). In addition to the bound water model, an alternative permeability profile can also be generated from Purcell's7 capillary pressure-permeability relation. Another benefit derived from a synthetic capillary pressure profile is the determination of Oil Water or Gas Water Contact (OWC, GWC) by simply converting the capillary pressure information to height above free water level. This information can also be compared with the Free Water Level (FWL) from formation test tools. The relative positions of FWL and OWC assist in inferring wettability14 and the degree of wettability magnitude for the subject reservoir. Relative permeability estimations from synthetically created capillary pressure data provide an avenue to make the firstapproximation profiles of the effective permeability values to the phases contained in the pore space. Consequently, effective permeability profiles in conjunction with other petrophysical and fluid properties and the pressure information lead to the anticipated production rates and overall evaluation of the economic viability of a well(s) and field. Applications of the technique with inherent assumptions, limitations, and remedies for the limitations are reviewed and explained through a case study presented in this paper.
Costs of Newborn Care in California: A Population-Based Study (2006)

The very smallest infants make up a hugely disproportionate share of costs; more than half of all neonatal costs are incurred by LBW or premature infants. Maternal costs are similar in magnitude to newborn costs, but they are much less skewed than for infants. Preventing premature deliveries could yield very large cost savings, in addition to saving lives.
eGFP reporter genes silence LCRβ-globin transgene expression via CpG dinucleotides (2004)

beta-Globin transgenes regulated by the locus control region (LCR) are dominantly silenced by linked bacterial reporter genes in transgenic mice. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) from jellyfish is an alternative reporter used in retrovirus vectors to transfer LCRbeta-globin genes into bone marrow. We show here that the eGFP coding sequence silences LCRbeta-globin in transgenic mice, but the PGK promoter did not provoke such silencing. As eGFP contains 60 CpG dinucleotides, which are targets of DNA methylation, we synthesized a novel CpG-free variant called dmGFP. Its utility was demonstrated in MSCV retrovirus vectors transcriptionally controlled by the viral 5'LTR or internal PGK or EF1alpha promoter. Specific fluorescence was detected from eGFP, and at lower levels from dmGFP, in transduced mouse CFU-S and embryonic stem cells. While eGFP was rarely silenced in CFU-S, dmGFP was not silenced in these progenitors. Moreover, the dmGFP coding sequence did not silence LCRbeta-globin in transgenic mice, showing that the eGFP silencing mechanism acts primarily via CpG dinucleotides. However, LCRbeta-globin expression remained suboptimal, indicating that other silencing pathways recognize dmGFP in the absence of CpG dinucleotides. We conclude that dmGFP ameliorates silencing, but optimal LCRbeta-globin expression is obtained in the absence of nonmammalian reporters.
S<scp>upragingival</scp> C<scp>alculus:</scp> F<scp>ormation and</scp> C<scp>ontrol</scp> (2002)

Dental calculus is composed of inorganic components and organic matrix. Brushite, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and whitlockite form the mineral part of dental calculus. Salivary proteins selectively adsorb on the tooth surface to form an acquired pellicle. It is followed by the adherence of various oral micro-organisms. Fimbriae, flagella, and some other surface proteins are essential for microbial adherence. Microbial co-aggregation and co-adhesion enable some micro-organisms, which are incapable of adhering, to adhere to the pellicle-coated tooth surface. Once organisms attach to the tooth surface, new genes could be expressed so that mature dental plaque can form and biofilm bacteria assume increased resistance to antimicrobial agents. Supersaturation of saliva and plaque fluid with respect to calcium phosphates is the driving force for plaque mineralization. Both salivary flow rate and plaque pH appear to influence the saturation degree of calcium phosphates. Acidic phospholipids and specific proteolipids present in cell membranes play a key role in microbial mineralization. The roles of crystal growth inhibitors, promoters, and organic acids in calculus formation are discussed. Application of biofilm culture systems in plaque mineralization is concisely reviewed. Anti-calculus agents used--centering on triclosan plus polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic acid copolymer, pyrophosphate plus polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic acid copolymer, and zinc ion-in commercial dentifrices are also discussed in this paper.
Anti‐tumor effect of endostatin mediated by retroviral gene transfer in mice bearing renal cell carcinoma (2007)

We investigated whether transfer of the gene encoding the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin into the NIH/3T3 fibroblast cell line could inhibit renal tumor growth in vivo. NIH/3T3 cells were transduced with retroviral vectors containing the murine endostatin (ES) gene. SCID mice bearing CaKi-1 derived tumors were given a subcutaneous injection of either ES-transduced cells or control cells and were monitored for tumor growth. At the end of the in vivo experiment, the mean tumor volume of treated mice was 51.6 +/- 2.4 mm3, while the tumor volume of control was 234.5 +/- 14.8 mm3. Microvascular density was significantly decreased on treatment (control 9.79 vs. ES 2.53%, <0.001) accompanied by a 23-fold increase in intratumoral necrotic area and a 2.94-fold increase in the apoptotic index, determined by immunohistochemistry with anti-activated caspase-3. Apoptotic cells were found in foci enriched in infiltrating leukocytes. In conclusion, retroviral endostatin gene transfer led to secretion of functional endostatin that was sufficiently active to inhibit tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. A second mechanism may also be implied in endostatin-dependent tumor regression, associated with tumor infiltration of leukocytes. Besides its antiangiogenic properties, endostatin may be a promising adjuvant to immunotherapy.
Gene therapy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases (2000)

Complex pathogenic processes lead to heterogeneous manifestations in autoimmune diseases. Except for rare patients in whom a single genetic defect — in genes for the Fas ligand or for the complement factors C4, C2, or C1q — is associated with autoimmune manifestations, these diseases are multifactorial. Complex genetic, environmental, and immunoregulatory factors appear to play out in a process that we understand in only a fragmentary sense and that we have little ability to influence (1). Therefore, gene therapy involving the reconstitution of a single missing gene should be expected to be of minimal help in treating these diseases. Our current practice of helping patients symptomatically, or at best by indiscriminate suppression of the immune system, is obviously inadequate. Correction of the identified immunoregulatory aberrations has become the mainstay of the efforts to treat autoimmune disorders in a rational manner.

Therapeutic intervention in autoimmune disease faces formidable challenges, since it requires a balance between the control of ongoing pathogenic immune responses and the maintenance of essential immune surveillance functions. Therapies directed at general pathways of immune activation or amplification are antigen-nonspecific and may allow for widespread application across multiple diseases, but they also carry the risk of global immunosuppression. Antigen-specific therapeutics, on the other hand, are potentially much more selective and less deleterious, but they require a priori knowledge of precise immunologic targets relevant in each autoimmune setting. Cytokines, cytokine antagonists, anti–T cell monoclonal antibodies, inhibitors of signal transduction, and conventional pharmacologic agents fall into the former group, whereas specific peptide antigens, antagonists, and MHC-antigen complexes fall into the latter group of treatments. Table ​Table11 summarizes many of the approaches that have been tested in mouse models of various autoimmune disorders. In this issue of the JCI, articles by Agarwal et al. (2) and Lawson et al. (3) apply novel forms of gene therapy to introduce directed immune therapeutics in autoimmune animals, illustrating both antigen-nonspecific and antigen-specific strategies.



Table 1

Gene therapy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases
Maximum likelihood network topology identification from edge-based unicast measurements (2002)

Network tomography is a process for inferring "internal" link-level delay and loss performance information based on end-to-end (edge) network measurements. These methods require knowledge of the network topology; therefore a first crucial step in the tomography process is topology identification. This paper considers the problem of discovering network topology solely from host-based, unicast measurements, without internal network cooperation. First, we introduce a novel delay-based measurement scheme that does not require clock synchronization, making it more practical than other previous proposals. In contrast to methods that rely on network cooperation , our methodology has the potential to identify layer two elements (provided they are logical topology branching points and induce some measurable delay). Second, we propose a maximum penalized likelihood criterion for topology identification. This is a global optimality criterion, in contrast to other recent proposals for topology identification that employ suboptimal, pair-merging strategies. We develop a novel Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedure for rapid determination of the most likely topologies. The performance of our new probing scheme and identification algorithm is explored through simulation and Internet experiments.
Comparison of wave characteristic due to hybrid substructures for offshore wind turbines (2013)

For the reliable design of substructures supporting offshore wind turbines, it is very important to reduce the wave forces acting on substructures. In the present study, two hybrid substructures for offshore wind turbines are newly suggested to reduce the wave forces. The hybrid substructure (HSPG) is composed of a single pile and a gravity substructure with porous areas near free surface. The other hybrid substructure (HMPG) consists of a multi-pile near free surface and a gravity substructure at the bottom of the multi-pile. In order to calculate the wave forces acting on hybrid substructures, the fluid domain is divided into two regions and the scattering waves in each fluid region are expressed by an Eigen-function expansion method. In order to simplify the effect of porosity, Darcy's law is also applied to the porous boundary condition. The comparison of wave forces between HSPG and HMPG is made to examine the wave characteristic according to the variation of depth of interior region and pile size.
Serum Fibrosis Markers Can Predict Rapid Fibrosis Progression After Liver Transplantation for Hepatitis C (2008)

Although recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) after liver transplantation (LT) is universal, a minority of patients will develop cirrhosis within 5 years of surgery, which places them at risk for allograft failure. This retrospective study investigated whether 2 serum fibrosis markers, serum hyaluronic acid (HA) and YKL-40, could be used to predict rapid fibrosis progression (RFP) post-LT. These markers were compared with conventional laboratory tests, histological assessment, and hepatic stellate cell activity (HSCA), a key step in fibrogenesis, as assessed by immunohistochemical staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin. Serum and protocol liver biopsy samples were obtained from 46 LT recipients at means of 5 +/- 2 (biopsy 1) and 39 +/- 6 (biopsy 2) months post-LT, respectively. RFP was defined as an increase in the fibrosis score >or= 2 from biopsy 1 to biopsy 2 (a mean interval of 33 +/- 6 months). The ability of parameters at biopsy 1 to predict RFP was compared with the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs). Of the 46 subjects, 15 developed RFP. Serum HA and YKL-40 performed significantly better than conventional parameters and HSCA in predicting RFP post-LT for HCV at biopsy 1, with AUROCs of 0.89 and 0.92, respectively. The accuracy of serum HA >or= 90 microg/L and YKL-40 >or= 200 microg/L in predicting RFP at biopsy 1 was 80% and 96%, respectively. In conclusion, we found that elevated levels of serum HA and YKL-40 within the first 6 months after LT accurately predicted RFP. Larger studies evaluating the role of serum HA and YKL-40 in post-LT management are warranted.
On Edwards–Child’s inequality (2011)

In this paper, by making use of one of Chen’s theorems and the method of mathematical analysis with the computer software Maple (Version 9.0), we refine Edwards–Child’s inequality and solve the conjecture ... involving the semi-perimeter p, the circumradius R and the inradius r of the triangle, which was posed by Liu.
Preparation of N-methylol nylon-6 membranes for pervaporation of ethanol-water mixtures (1997)

N-methylol nylon 6 membranes were prepared by reacting nylon-6 with formaldehyde. Elemental analysis, used to analyze the composition of modified membranes, showed that the degree of substitution increased with formaldehyde content in the reaction solution. The modified nylon-6 membranes exhibited a high affinity to ethanol. Pervaporation results for the separation of ethanol-water mixtures showed that these membranes were water-selective, indicating that the diffusion property is the dominant factor. An N-methylol nylon-6 membrane with 33% degree of substitution showed the best membrane performance. In order to control the swelling of N-methylol nylon-6 membranes in the feed solutions of high ethanol content, thermal crosslinking was applied at 180°C for different times. It was found that heat treatment of 10 minutes gave the optimal permselectivity. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 855–863, 1997
Parallel changes in gene expression after 20,000 generations of evolution in <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> (2003)

Twelve populations of Escherichia coli, derived from a common ancestor, evolved in a glucose-limited medium for 20,000 generations. Here we use DNA expression arrays to examine whether gene-expression profiles in two populations evolved in parallel, which would indicate adaptation, and to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying their adaptation. We compared the expression profile of the ancestor to that of clones sampled from both populations after 20,000 generations. The expression of 59 genes had changed significantly in both populations. Remarkably, all 59 were changed in the same direction relative to the ancestor. Many of these genes were members of the cAMP-cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) regulons. Sequencing of several genes controlling the effectors of these regulons found a nonsynonymous mutation in spoT in one population. Moving this mutation into the ancestral background showed that it increased fitness and produced many of the expression changes manifest after 20,000 generations. The same mutation had no effect on fitness when introduced into the other evolved population, indicating that a mutation of similar effect was present already. Our study demonstrates the utility of expression arrays for addressing evolutionary issues including the quantitative measurement of parallel evolution in independent lineages and the identification of beneficial mutations.
[Preparation of 5-(125)iodine-2'-deoxyuridine triphosphate and incorporation of the labeled nucleotide into DNA by polymerase chain reaction]. (1992)

Radioiodine was substituted into deoxyuridine triphosphate by radioiodination of 5-mercuri-2'-deoxyuridine triphosphate. The purified 125I-nucleotide was incorporated into DNA in reactions by the protocol of the polymerase chain reaction. The incorporation of the radioactive nucleotide required added thymidine triphosphate for the synthesis of full length molecules during the one minute elongation period. The iodine substituent in the DNA remained covalently bound during both heat and alkaline denaturation.
Two Views on the Theory of Social Origins (1969)

The articles which follow, "Why We Support the 'Theory of Social Origins'" and "The Reactionary 'Theory of Social Origins' Must Be Criticized," place the attack on the organizational prerogatives of the privileged strata of pre-Cultural Revolution China into a broader theoretical perspective.
Customer lifetime value modeling and its use for customer retention planning (2002)

We present and discuss the important business problem of estimating the effect of retention efforts on the Lifetime Value of a customer in the Telecommunications industry. We discuss the components of this problem, in particular customer value and length of service (or tenure) modeling, and present a novel segment-based approach, motivated by the segment-level view marketing analysts usually employ. We then describe how we build on this approach to estimate the effects of retention on Lifetime Value. Our solution has been successfully implemented in Amdocs' Business Insight (BI) platform, and we illustrate its usefulness in real-world scenarios.
논문 : 한방의료체험이 한방의료관광 브랜드자산에 미치는 영향: 산청세계전통의약엑스포를 방문한 중국의료관광객들을 중심으로 (2014)

본 연구의 목적은 한방의료체험이 한방의료관광 브랜드자산에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구는 산청세계전통의약엑스포를 방문한 중국의료관광객들을 대상으로 진행되었다. 분석결과 한방의료체험은 유희적, 교육적, 일탈적, 심미적 체험요인들로 도출되었다. 첫째, 한방의료 유희적 체험요인은 브랜드이미지, 브랜드인지도 및 지각된 품질에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 둘째, 한방의료 교육적 체험요인은 브랜드인지도와 지각된 품질에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 셋째, 한방의료 일탈적, 심미적 체험요인들은 브랜드자산에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 넷째, 한방의료관광 브랜드인지도와 브랜드 이미지는 브랜드충성도에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구결과는 한방의료관광의 경쟁력을 높이고 외국인 의료관광객들을 지속적으로 유치하는데 유용한 자료가 될 것으로 판단된다.
Controlled‐Release Dosage Forms (2010)

Abstract Controlled drug delivery alters the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pharmacologically active moieties using novel drug delivery systems or by modifying the molecular structure and/or physiological parameters inherent in a selected route of administration. Recent developments in drug delivery techniques has made it possible to control the rate of drug delivery to sustain the duration of therapeutic activity and/or target the delivery of drug to a specific organ or tissue. This article focuses on design and fabrication of controlled‐release oral dosage forms and the importance of different routes of administration.
Vector versus raster: a functional comparison of drawing technologies (1990)

Raster drawing systems have emerged as an alternative to more traditional vector-based CAD drafting systems. With engineering drawing in mind, the author compares the functional capabilities of these technologies and explores means for integrating the best features of both. The characteristics examined are not those of any particular raster or vector implementation but are derived from the underlying technologies. Three means are provided to blend the capabilities of raster and vector systems, each resulting in drawing systems that have capabilities beyond those of either system alone.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Excimer fluorescence of pyrene‐maleimide‐labeled tubulin (1992)

Excimer-forming cysteines in tubulin are detected by the presence of excimer fluorescence in N-(1-pyrenyl)maleimide-labeled tubulin. The ratio of excimer/monomer fluorescence of labeled protein remained unchanged upon its dilution. These results indicating that both partner of each pair(s) of cysteine are located in the same subunit. The excimer fluorescence is insensitive to prior treatment of tubulin with either colchicine or GTP, indicating that pairs of cysteines protected by those drugs are not involved in excimer formation. This excimer fluorescence of N-(1-pyrenyl)maleimide-labeled tubulin disappeared upon treatment with SDS, guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) and urea. Studies with GdmCl induced unfolding of N-(1-pyrenyl)maleimide-labeled tubulin showed that the loss of excimer fluorescence precedes subunit dissociation. The loss of both colchicine-binding activity and the excimer fluorescence with increasing temperature indicates a major conformational change of the tubulin molecule at elevated temperatures.
Development of a 4-DOF Continuum Robot Using a Spring Backbone (2008)

This work deals with a 4-DOF flexible continuum robot that employs a spring as its backbone. The mechanism consists of two modules and each module has 2 DOF. The special features of the proposed mechanism are the flexibility and the backdrivability of the whole body by using a spring backbone. Thus, even in the case of collision with human body, this device can ensure safety. The design and the kinematics for this continuum mechanism are introduced. The performance of this continuum mechanism was shown through simulation and experiment.
An Empirical Study on Impact of College Carve-Out Education on Entrepreneur Intention (2012)

Abstract Carve-out education is becoming increasingly important in current days since the business set up by college students produce a significant effect on the economic growth. Entrepreneur intention, part of carve-out education, is receiving more and more attention. Based on educational systems over the world and the datum of Chinese college students, the article studies the impact of the college carve-out education on students’ entrepreneur intention with the structure equation modeling (SEM). The research shows that carve-out education can enhance entrepreneur intention indirectly by updating students’ knowledge, cultivating their entrepreneurial abilities and reinforcing their determination. The colleges and other educational organizations should also provide plenty of training projects and encourage students to participate in company operation. In addition, some successful entrepreneurs should be invited to give lectures in colleges. Key words : Entrepreneurship Education; College Student Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurship Intention