gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental tests for the quantum behavior of a macroscopic degree of freedom: The phase difference across a Josephson junction (1987)

Experiments are described that demonstrate the quantum behavior of a macroscopic degree of freedom, namely the phase difference \ensuremath{\delta} across a current-biased Josephson tunnel junction. The behavior of \ensuremath{\delta} was deduced from measurements of the escape rate \ensuremath{\Gamma} of the junction from its zero-voltage state. The relevant parameters of the junction, that is, its critical current and shunting admittance, were determined in situ in the thermal regime from the dependence of \ensuremath{\Gamma} on bias current and from resonant activation in the presence of microwaves. It was found that the shunting capacitance was dominated by the self-capacitance of the junction while the shunting conductance was dominated by the bias circuitry. For an underdamped junction in the quantum regime, \ensuremath{\Gamma} became independent of temperature at low temperatures with a value that, with no adjustable parameters, was in excellent agreement with predictions for macroscopic quantum tunneling at T=0. When the critical current was reduced with a magnetic field so that the junction remained in the thermal regime at low temperatures, \ensuremath{\Gamma} followed the predictions of the thermal model, thereby showing the influence of extraneous noise to be negligible. In a further series of experiments, the existence of quantized energy levels in the potential well of the junction was demonstrated spectroscopically. The positions of the energy levels agreed quantitatively with quantum-mechanical predictions involving junction parameters measured in the thermal regime. The relative heights and widths of the resonances are in reasonable agreement with the predictions of a simple model.
Co-induction of anaesthesia: day-case surgery. (1995)

The term co-induction of anaesthesia has been applied to the use of two or more drugs to induce anaesthesia. The term was introduced in 1986 to describe the unplanned induction of anaesthesia by non-anaesthetically trained personnel practising sedation. A new benzodiazepine was combined with opioids, with synergistic effects, causing unplanned anaesthesia in an unsuitable environment leading to several fatalities. Currently, planned co-induction of anaesthesia is practised by anaesthetists exploiting drug interactions, particularly synergism, principally between midazolam, fentanyl, sufentanil and alfentanil, and propofol. It can produce an improvement in all phases of anaesthesia, including induction, maintenance and recovery. There are advantages in combining midazolam with propofol, thereby reducing the risk of awareness and also the dose of propofol and hence its side-effects and cost. Propofol is the principal intravenous induction agent for day-case anaesthesia. The pre-administration of 0.03 mg kg-1 of midazolam (approximately 2 mg in normal healthy adults) is now being practised widely. Current papers suggest that 2 mg of midazolam administered to an average, otherwise healthy, adult does not compromise recovery, whereas an increase to 5 mg may be expected to delay the possibility of final discharge of such patients by about 20 min. The use of midazolam and propofol with or without either fentanyl or alfentanil is probably the principal technique for the induction of day-case anaesthesia at the present time. A major advantage is that by reducing the dose of propofol there is less chance of the severe bradycardia that is sometimes associated with the combined use of propofol and opioids, although this can be prevented by vagolytic agents. However, the use of opioids increases the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting. Another important drug is ketamine, the effects of which are often additive with other drugs. The combination of ketamine and midazolam is an important technique, particularly in the management of critically ill patients. The alpha 2-agonists, e.g. clonidine and dexmedetomidine, may also have a role in this context in the future. This paper presents the current approach to the co-induction of anaesthesia, particularly in relation to the reduced risk of awareness when using midazolam, and the health economics in relation to the potential reduction in the dose and hence cost of propofol.
<title>Phased array ultrasonic probe using Pb(Zn<formula><inf><roman>1/3</roman></inf></formula>Nb<formula><inf><roman>2/3</roman></inf></formula>)O<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula>-PbTiO<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula> single crystal</title> (1998)

Forty-channel phased array probes using a O.9lPb(Zn113Nb213)03-O.O9PbTiO3 (PZN-PT 91/9) single crystal have been fabricated for greater sensitivity and broader bandwidth properties. The largest crystal by the self-flux method had the dimensions of about 43 X 42 X 40 mm. The fabricated probes have a center frequency of 3.5MHz and an aperture of about 8.5 X 8.5 mm. All transducer elements were successfully cut by mean value the fabrication process, and the dispersion of echo signals was within 20% of the average. Echo amplitudes of these PZN-PT 9 1/9 single-crystal probes are as much as 5 to 8 dB higher than those of conventional PZT ceramic probes. Moreover, the bandwidth ofthe PZN-PT 91/9 probes is 20 to 25 points broader than that of conventional PZT ceramic probes. This confirms that PZN-PT 91/9 single-crystal probe provides great improvements in the sensitivity and bandwidth of phased array probes.
D2CyberSoft: A design automation tool for soft error analysis of Dependable Cybercars (2016)

Next generation of automobiles (also known as cybercars) will escalate the proliferation of electronic control units (ECUs) to implement novel distributed control applications such as steer-by-wire (SBW), brake-by-wire, etc. Although the use of electronic embedded systems improves performance, driving comfort, safety, and economy for the customer; this electronic control of automotive systems makes these systems susceptible to soft errors, which can significantly reduce the availability of these systems. Enhancing reliability and availability at a minimum additional cost is a major challenge in automotive systems design. In this paper, we propose D2CyberSoft-a design automation tool for cybercars that facilitate cybercar designers in selecting designs with minimum cost overhead to make safety-critical automotive functions less vulnerable to soft errors. D2CyberSoft aids designers by providing built-in models, easy to specify inputs, and easy to interpret outputs. We elaborate Markov models that form the basis of D2CyberSoft using SBW as a case study. We further provide evaluation insights obtained from D2CyberSoft.
Canine viral enteritis. II. Morphologic lesions in naturally occurring parvovirus infection. (1979)

The morphologic lesions associated with naturally occurring canine parvovirus infection are described. The disease is characterized by necrosis of crypt epithelium in the small intestine and of lymphoid tissue in Peyers patches, lymph nodes, spleen and thymus.
Octree Approach for Simulation of Additive Manufacturing Toolpath (2011)

Machine simulation is an effective way of checking additive manufacturing tool paths for both interferences and errors in part produced. This paper presents an algorithm to visually simulate a multi axis additive manufacturing system as it executes a process plan. Simulation results are intended to be used as a verification step before physically producing the part. Verification is particularly important for large builds of expensive materials. The algorithm uses an octree approach to efficiently model the deposition of part geometry and its changes. This paper discusses development of the simulation algorithm, including both the representation of the additive manufacturing machine and the octree data model of the part being produced.
Genetic design of enhanced valley splitting towards a spin qubit in silicon (2013)

The long spin coherence time and microelectronics compatibility of Si makes it an attractive material for realizing solid-state qubits. Unfortunately, the orbital (valley) degeneracy of the conduction band of bulk Si makes it difficult to isolate individual two-level spin-1/2 states, limiting their development. This degeneracy is lifted within Si quantum wells clad between Ge-Si alloy barrier layers, but the magnitude of the valley splittings achieved so far is small--of the order of 1 meV or less--degrading the fidelity of information stored within such a qubit. Here we combine an atomistic pseudopotential theory with a genetic search algorithm to optimize the structure of layered-Ge/Si-clad Si quantum wells to improve this splitting. We identify an optimal sequence of multiple Ge/Si barrier layers that more effectively isolates the electron ground state of a Si quantum well and increases the valley splitting by an order of magnitude, to ~9 meV.
Dislodgment and Accelerated Degradation of Ras (1998)

Membrane anchorage of Ras oncoproteins, required for transforming activity, depends on their carboxy-terminal farnesylcysteine. We previously showed that S-trans,trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS), a synthetic farnesylcysteine mimetic, inhibits growth of ErbB2- and Ras-transformed cells, but not of v-Raf-transformed cells, suggesting that FTS interferes specifically with Ras functions. Here we demonstrate that FTS dislodges Ras from membranes of H-Ras-transformed (EJ) cells, facilitating its degradation and decreasing total cellular Ras. The dislodged Ras that was transiently present in the cytosol was degraded relatively rapidly, causing a decrease of up to 80% in total cellular Ras. The half-life of Ras was 10 +/- 4 h in FTS-treated EJ cells and 27 +/- 4 h in controls. The dislodgment of membrane Ras and decrease in total cellular Ras were dose-dependent: 50% of the effects occurred at 10-15 microM, comparable to concentrations (7-10 microM) required for 50% growth inhibition in EJ cells. Higher concentrations of FTS (25-50 microM) were required to dislodge Ras from Rat-1 cell membranes expressing normal Ras, suggesting some selectivity of FTS toward oncogenic Ras. Membrane localization of the prenylated G beta gamma of heterotrimeric G proteins was not affected by FTS in EJ cells. An FTS-related compound, N-acetyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine, which does not inhibit EJ cell growth, did not affect Ras. FTS did not inhibit growth of Rat-1 cells transformed by N-myristylated H-Ras and did not reduce the total amount of this Ras isoform. The results suggest that FTS affects docking of Ras in the cell membrane in a rather specific manner, rendering the protein susceptible to proteolytic degradation.
Substrate Specificity at the P1´ Site of<i>Escherichia coli</i>OmpT under Denaturing Conditions (2002)

Though OmpT has been reported to mainly cleave the peptide bond between consecutive basic amino acids, we identified more precise substrate specificity by using a series of modified substrates, termed PRX fusion proteins, consisting of 184 residues. The cleavage site of the substrate PRR was Arg140-Arg141 and the modified substrates PRX substituted all 19 natural amino acids at the P1' site instead of Arg141. OmpT under denaturing conditions (in the presence of 4 M urea) cleaved not only between two consecutive basic amino acids but also at the carboxyl side of Arg140 except for the Arg140-Asp141, -Glu141, and -Pro141 pairs. In addition to Arg140 at the P1 site, similar results were obtained when Lys140 was substituted into the P1 site. In the absence of urea, an aspartic acid residue at the P1' site was unfavorable for OmpT cleavage of synthetic decapeptides, the enzyme showed a preference for a dibasic site.
Elevated CAIX Expression is Associated with an Increased Risk of Distant Failure in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer (2008)

Tumor hypoxia is associated with adverse outcome in many malignancies. The goal of this study was to determine if elevated expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a biomarker of hypoxia, predicts for recurrence in early-stage cervical cancer. The charts of all patients with early-stage cervical cancer, primarily FIGO IB, treated by radical hysterectomy at our institution from 1988-2001 were reviewed. Adequate pathologic specimens from patients who recurred or who had at least three years follow-up and remained disease-free were stained for CAIX. An immunohistochemical score (IHC) was generated from the extent/intensity of staining. Outcome, as measured by freedom from recurrence (FFR), distant metastases (FFDM) and local recurrence (FFLR), was analyzed as a function of age, IHC, lymph node status (LN) and histology. Forty-two relapsing patients and 76 non-relapsing patients were evaluated. In univariate analysis, +LN, though not IHC or histology, was a significant predictor of any recurrence. Both +LN and higher IHC were associated with decreased FFDM but not FFLR. Patients with both +LN and elevated IHC more frequently exhibited distant metastases as first site of failure (5-year FFDM 50%) than patients with only +LN, elevated IHC or neither feature (70, 85 and 95%, respectively, p = 0.0004). In multivariable analysis, only +LN was significantly associated with poorer FFDM (hazard ratio 4.6, p = 0.0015) though there was a strong trend with elevated CAIX expression (p = 0.069). Elevated CAIX expression is associated with more frequent distant metastases in early-stage cervical cancer, suggesting that patients with this characteristic may benefit from more aggressive treatment.
Deterministic Integration of Single Photon Sources in Silicon Based Photonic Circuits (2016)

A major step toward fully integrated quantum optics is the deterministic incorporation of high quality single photon sources in on-chip optical circuits. We show a novel hybrid approach in which preselected III-V single quantum dots in nanowires are transferred and integrated in silicon based photonic circuits. The quantum emitters maintain their high optical quality after integration as verified by measuring a low multiphoton probability of 0.07 ± 0.07 and emission line width as narrow as 3.45 ± 0.48 GHz. Our approach allows for optimum alignment of the quantum dot light emission to the fundamental waveguide mode resulting in very high coupling efficiencies. We estimate a coupling efficiency of 24.3 ± 1.7% from the studied single-photon source to the photonic channel and further show by finite-difference time-domain simulations that for an optimized choice of material and design the efficiency can exceed 90%.
Vom Transaktionsdenken zur institutionalisierten Anbieter-Nachfrager-Beziehung (1997)

Investierten Unternehmen in den siebziger und achtziger Jahren überwiegend in Produkte und Prozesse, verspüren sie seit einiger Zeit die Notwendigkeit, sich verstärkt um den Aufbau und die Pflege von Beziehungen zu ihren Abnehmern zu bemühen. Nicht mehr die Maximierung einzelner Verkaufsabschlüsse, sondern das Denken in langfristigen Geschäftsbeziehungen mit dem Ziel, Kunden zu binden, verkörpert die Herausforderung für das Management. Der einzelne Abnehmer steht im Brennpunkt der Marketingaktivitäten von Anbietern. Die Vorstellung der klassischen Mikroökonomie, daß es im Wettbewerbsgeschehen stets um eine einzige, von weiteren Aktivitäten isolierte Transaktion geht, die zwischen weitgehend anonym bleibenden Marktpartnern stattfindet, scheint ausgedient zu haben.1 Ein Übergang von der Transaktions- zur Beziehungsökonomie zeichnet sich ab,2 was in der Wissenschaft auch als Domestizierung der Märkte bezeichnet wird.3
Cache, Trigger, Impersonate: Enabling Context-Sensitive Honeyclient Analysis On-the-Wire (2016)

Today's sophisticated web exploit kits use polymorphic techniques to obfuscate each attack instance, making content-based signatures used by network intrusion detection systems far less effective than in years past. A dynamic analysis, or honeyclient analysis, of these exploits plays a key role in initially identifying new attacks in order to generate content signatures. While honeyclients can sweep the web for attacks, they provide no means of inspecting end-user traffic on-the-wire to identify attacks in real time. This leaves network operators dependent on third-party signatures that arrive too late, or not at all.
Best wavelet basis design for joint compression-classification of long ECG data records (2002)

Presents a novel algorithm for joint heartbeat compression-classification of long ECG data records. The joint scheme is possible by including a data adaptive analysis stage. For each heartbeat the authors design a wavelet basis that minimizes a certain cost function. As the ECG data is processed it is built into dictionaries, one of heartbeats and one of wavelets. The compressed data includes an ordered series of wavelets. The authors define two heartbeat categories, normal and abnormal, which they would like to classify, by looking only at the wavelet dictionary. A simple neural network is then trained to classify heartbeats by looking at the ordered wavelet series. When the network was trained for a given ECG the authors obtained 98% correct decisions.
A 27-GHz low-power push-push LC VCO with wide tuning range in 65nm CMOS (2011)

Push-push voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) achieve high oscillation frequencies by relying on the boosted second harmonic component of the oscillator. These VCOs however, typically require a high power to deliver a reasonable output swing. In this paper, we first derive an analytical expression that relates the amplitude of the second harmonic of an LC VCO to the C-V characteristics of its varactor. Then based on the results of the analysis, we present the design of a low- power and compact 27-GHz push-push VCO in 65 nm CMOS that exhibits a 28.5% tuning range while consuming 21 mW (including buffers) from a 1 V supply. At 27-GHz output, the VCO achieves a phase noise of -101 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset.
Antibiotics or not: Understanding the pharmacist’s advice (2007)

When you are coughing, sneezing and have a runny nose, you automatically think that antibiotics should cure you, right? Wrong. Antibiotics are medications used to treat infections caused by bacteria. Symptoms like coughing, sneezing and a runny nose are all non-specific symptoms that can be caused by many different things.
Air charge estimation in turbocharged spark ignition engines (2005)

Turbocharged (TC) spark-ignited (SI) engines are popular as they combine high power output with good fuel economy. Furthermore, their emissions can be successfully reduced using a three way catalys ...
Template Topology and Transcription: Chromatin Templates Relaxed by Localized Linearization Are Transcriptionally Active in Yeast (1997)

To address the role of transient torsional stress in transcription, we have utilized the regulated expression of HO endonuclease in yeast to create double-strand breaks in DNA templates in vivo at preselected sites. Linearization of circular minichromosomes, either 2 kb upstream or immediately downstream of a lacZ reporter gene controlled by the yeast metallothionein gene (CUP1) promoter, did not alter the copper induction profile of lacZ RNA transcripts compared to that of nonlinearized controls. Constructs site-specifically integrated into yeast chromosome II gave similar results. In vivo cross-linking with psoralen as a probe for negative DNA supercoiling demonstrated that template linearization efficiently dissipated DNA supercoiling induced by transcription. Therefore, the efficient transcription of linearized, relaxed templates found here demonstrates that transient torsional tension is not required for transcription of chromatin templates in yeast.
The N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase encoded by the Bacillus subtilis 168 prophage SPβ (1998)

Heat shock of Bacillus subtilis CU1147, a strain lysogenic for SP beta c2, a prophage with a thermosensitive repressor, results in phage induction and subsequent cell lysis. Cloning in Escherichia coli and sequencing of a DNA fragment of prophage SP beta led to the identification of blyA, the gene encoding a 367 amino acid polypeptide with a molecular mass of 39.6 kDa. Purified BlyA obtained from the E. coli clone exhibited an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity. Insertional mutagenesis confirmed that the latter enzyme was associated with SP beta-phage-mediated cell lysis. Analysis of the neighbouring sequence suggested that the two ORFs immediately downstream of blyA and belonging to the same operon encode polypeptides which may be involved in the release of the endolysin. The presence on the chromosomes of B. subtilis or related Bacillus spp. of other, similar genes, and their possible relationship, is discussed.
Second Harmonic Generation by the Self-Aggregation of Organic Guests in Molecular Sieve Hosts (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSecond Harmonic Generation by the Self-Aggregation of Organic Guests in Molecular Sieve HostsSherman Cox, Thurman Gier, and Galen StuckyCite this: Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 5, 609–619Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online15 July 2003Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00011a600https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00011a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations130LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The tyrosine phosphatase CD148 is excluded from the immunologic synapse and down-regulates prolonged T cell signaling (2003)

CD148 is a receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase up-regulated on T cells after T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. To examine the physiologic role of CD148 in TCR signaling, we used an inducible CD148-expressing Jurkat T cell clone. Expression of CD148 inhibits NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) activation induced by soluble anti-TCR antibody, but not by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) loaded with staphylococcal enterotoxin superantigen (SAg) or immobilized anti-TCR antibody. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the extracellular domain of CD148 mediates its exclusion from the immunologic synapse, sequestering it from potential substrates. Targeting of the CD148 phosphatase domain to the immunologic synapse potently inhibited NFAT activation by all means of triggering through the TCR. These data lead us to propose a model where CD148 function is regulated in part by exclusion from substrates in the immunologic synapse. Upon T cell-APC disengagement, CD148 can then access and dephosphorylate substrates to down-regulate prolongation of signaling.