gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An integrated approach to environmentally conscious design and manufacturing (1996)

The problem addressed in this research was to develop an approach for the simultaneous green design of products and associated manufacturing processes including demanufacturing concerns. We propose a generic approach called Integrated Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing (IECDM) which can be applied to address problems in the ECDM domain. IECDM incorporates environmental considerations into the engineering design process, thereby increasing a product's total life-cycle value (including its end-of-life value) as experienced by the customer, manufacturer, and society, while simultaneously reducing impacts on the environment caused by that product and its manufacturing processes. IECDM is a novel integration of Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA), Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM), and Cost-Benefit Assessment (CBA). The focus is on process, based on modification of the traditional QFD methodology to incorporate environmental issues and green product-design decisions through the life cycle design activities of synthesis, analysis, and evaluation. This dissertation presents a QFD-based IECDM approach, a mathematical CBA model, and an IDDS (Integrated Design Decision-Support) framework with a design-flow-chart application for incorporating environmental criteria into product and process eco-design. The IECDM problem is defined as: given the customer and environmental requirements, develop an integrated approach for green product design that results in maximization of the product's total life-cycle value (TLCV). Initially. through investigation in the field of ECDM, we specified a clear ECDM domain within Industrial Ecology. Then. we proposed various state-of-the-art techniques that were used to implement ECDM in the literature. After we defined the IECDM problem. we developed an integrated approach that led to a generic QFD-IECDM methodology for dealing with problems in the ECDM domain. Finally, for implementing the proposed methodology, we developed a tentative IODS framework to encourage long-term development followed by an example.
xin ke cheng li nian xia de shu xue jiao xue (2013)

全国各个省市都在推进新课程改革,如何教好新教材,适应新课程理念下的数学教学,本文就新课程各模块教学,具体论述了如何按照学生的认知水平,螺旋式上升.对学生学习和教师研究备课有很好的参考价值.
Inhibition of aflatoxin B<sup>1</sup> carcinogenesis in rainbow trout by flavone and indole compounds (1984)

Several compounds such as flavonoids, selenium, anti-oxidants and retinoids reportedly reduce the induction of cancer in experimental animals, and some have been suggested to function by affecting the mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system. The following compounds: 50 and 500 p.p.m. β-naphthoflavone (BNF), 1000 p.p.m. flavone, 1000 p.p.m. of a tangeretin-nobilitin mixture, 1000 p.p.m. β-ionone, 1000 p.p.m. indole-3-carbinol (13C) and 2000 p.p.m. quercetin were examined for protection against aflatoxin B, (AFB 1 ) hepatocardnogenesis, induction of the MFO system and metabolism of AFB 1 in rainbow trout. These compounds were fed to fingerting rainbow trout for 8 weeks. At that time the activity of several MFO enzymes and cytochrome P450 content were measured and the trout were exposed for 2 weeks to 20 p.p.b. AFB 1 in the same diets. After feeding the test diets without AFB 1 for another 6 weeks and basal diet for another 52 weeks, the tumor incidence was determined. The effect of BNF and I3C on in vivo binding of AFB 1 to DNA was also measured in separate groups of trout. BNF induced the trout MFO system in a dose-dependent manner, tangeretin-nobilitin was less effective and I3C did not induce. BNF showed significant alterations in the metabolism of AFB 1 to aflatoxicol and aflatoxin M 1 using cell fractions from pretreated fish. None of the other compounds, including I3C showed such an effect. Despite the apparent lack of in vitro effect of I3C, both BNF and I3C reduced AFB 1 - DNA binding in vivo . I3C and BNF provided marked protection against AFB induced hepatocardnogenesis, while the other compounds were less effective. The 58 weeks tumor incidences were 4% for 1000 p.p.m. DC, 6% for 500 p.p.m. BNF and 18% for 50 p.p.m. BNF, compared to 38% for the AFB 1 -positive control. These data demonstrate that gross induction of the MFO system was not necessarily required for alterations in DNA adduct formation in vivo or protection against AFB 1 carcinogenesis. Both BNF and I3C provided marked protection but only BNF induced the MFO system.
Titrated Extract of Centella Asiatica (TECA) in the Treatment of Venous Insufficiency of the Lower Limbs (1987)

Ninety-four patients suffering from venous insufficiency of the lower limbs participated in a multicenter, double-blind versus placebo study. After randomization, they were allotted for a treatment period of two months to one of three groups: TECA 120 mg/day, TECA 60 mg/day, or placebo. A significant difference (p less than 0.05) in favor of TECA was shown for the symptoms of heaviness in the lower limbs and edema, as well as for the overall evaluation by the patient. The venous distensibility measured by a mercury strain gauge plethysmograph at three occlusion pressures was improved for the TECA groups but aggravated for the placebo group.
Unloaded shortening velocity and myosin heavy chain and alkali light chain isoform composition in rat skeletal muscle fibres. (1994)

1. This study aims to assess the role of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and alkali myosin light chain (MLC) isoforms in determining maximum velocity of shortening in fast skeletal muscle fibres. 2. The maximum velocity of shortening as determined by the slack test (Vo) was tested for its relationship with MHC composition and with alkali MLC isoform ratio of fast fibres of known MHC composition. 3. MHC isoform composition was determined using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and monoclonal antibodies against MHCs, and combining the results obtained using the two methods. Three groups of fast fibres containing only one MHC isoform were identified: IIA, IIX and IIB fibres containing respectively IIA MHC, IIX MHC and IIB MHC. Fibres containing more than one MHC isoform were discarded. 4. The mean Vo value of IIA fibres was 2.33 +/- 0.29 muscle lengths per second (L s-1; mean +/- S.D.), this was significantly lower than that for IIX fibres (3.07 +/- 0.70 L s-1) which in turn had a mean Vo value significantly lower than that for IIB fibres (3.69 +/- 1.01 L s-1). 5. The relative proportion of alkali MLC isoforms (MLC3f, MLC1f) was determined by means of electrophoretic separation and densitometric quantification and was expressed as MLC3f/MLC2f with reference to the dithio-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) light chain (MLC2f). The mean value of the MLC3f/MLC2f ratio was significantly lower in IIA than in IIX and IIB fibres. 6. Vo was found to be proportional to the relative content of MLC3f in IIA, IIX and IIB fibres.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Differences in the post‐translational modifications of human papillomavirus type 6b major capsid protein expressed from a baculovirus system compared with a vaccinia virus system (2000)

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are being currently investigated in vaccines against viral infections in humans. There are different recombinant-protein-expression systems available for obtaining the necessary VLP preparation for vaccination. However, the differences in post-translational modifications of the recombinant proteins obtained and their differences in efficacy in eliciting an anti-viral response in vaccines are not well established. In this study we have compared the post-translational modifications of human papillomavirus type-6b major capsid protein L1 (HPV 6bL1) expressed using recombinant baculovirus (rBV) in Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda) insect cells, with the protein expressed using recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) in CV-1 kidney epithelial cells. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of biosynthetically labelled rBV-expressed HPV 6bL1 showed several post-translationally modified variants of the protein, whereas rVV-expressed HPV 6bL1 showed only a few variants. Phosphorylations were detected at threonine and serine residues for the L1 expressed from rBV compared with phosphorylation at serine residues only for the L1 expressed from rVV. HPV 6bL1 expressed using rBV incorporated [(3)H]mannose and [(3)H]galactose, whereas HPV 6bL1 expressed using rVV incorporated only [(3)H]galactose. We conclude that post-translational modification of recombinant HPV 6bL1 can differ according to the system used for its expression. Since recombinant L1 protein is a potential human-vaccine candidate, the implication of the observed differences in post-translational modifications on immunogenicity of L1 VLPs warrants investigation.
Road Information Sharing Using Probe Vehicle Data in Disasters (2008)

Road information sharing is vital in disaster response, but it still remains today a significant problem in spite of the recent breakthrough of information and communication technology. In this study, we overview the present situation and structure problems on road information sharing. Two main problems are as follows: i) how to gather the information about which road can be used and ii) how to share the information among different disaster information systems used in the authorities concerned. We propose road information sharing using probe vehicle data to solve the first problem. The characteristics and the possible use of the GIS plotted probe vehicle data in past disasters are discussed. The probe vehicle data provide information to decide which road are likely to remain available at the time, and also where the vehicle turned around, that indicates the road might not be available. The travel time of individual car trips are numerically simulated with and without road information sharing among the cars. The reductions of the travel time depend on numbers of probe cars and road closures. The simulation results indicate that the probe vehicle data can be effectively used to reduce the travel time in a time of disaster, and to gather regional information on available roads.
Alternative topogenesis of Mgm1 and mitochondrial morphology depend on ATP and a functional import motor (2004)

Mitochondrial morphology and inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in yeast depend on the dynamin-like GTPase Mgm1. It is present in two isoforms in the intermembrane space of mitochondria both of which are required for Mgm1 function. Limited proteolysis of the large isoform by the mitochondrial rhomboid protease Pcp1/Rbd1 generates the short isoform of Mgm1 but how this is regulated is unclear. We show that near its NH2 terminus Mgm1 contains two conserved hydrophobic segments of which the more COOH-terminal one is cleaved by Pcp1. Changing the hydrophobicity of the NH2-terminal segment modulated the ratio of the isoforms and led to fragmentation of mitochondria. Formation of the short isoform of Mgm1 and mitochondrial morphology further depend on a functional protein import motor and on the ATP level in the matrix. Our data show that a novel pathway, to which we refer as alternative topogenesis, represents a key regulatory mechanism ensuring the balanced formation of both Mgm1 isoforms. Through this process the mitochondrial ATP level might control mitochondrial morphology.
NALP1 Influences Susceptibility to Human Congenital Toxoplasmosis, Proinflammatory Cytokine Response, and Fate of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>-Infected Monocytic Cells (2010)

NALP1 is a member of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family of proteins that form inflammasomes. Upon cellular infection or stress, inflammasomes are activated, triggering maturation of proinflammatory cytokines and downstream cellular signaling mediated through the MyD88 adaptor. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that stimulates production of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines that are important in innate immunity. In this study, susceptibility alleles for human congenital toxoplasmosis were identified in the NALP1 gene. To investigate the role of the NALP1 inflammasome during infection with T. gondii, we genetically engineered a human monocytic cell line for NALP1 gene knockdown by RNA interference. NALP1 silencing attenuated progression of T. gondii infection, with accelerated host cell death and eventual cell disintegration. In line with this observation, upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, and IL-12 upon T. gondii infection was not observed in monocytic cells with NALP1 knockdown. These findings suggest that the NALP1 inflammasome is critical for mediating innate immune responses to T. gondii infection and pathogenesis. Although there have been recent advances in understanding the potent activity of inflammasomes in directing innate immune responses to disease, this is the first report, to our knowledge, on the crucial role of the NALP1 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of T. gondii infections in humans.
Ship Classification in TerraSAR-X Images With Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an important instrument for oceanographic observations, providing detailed information of oceans' surface and artificial floating structures. Due to advances in SAR technology and deployment of new SAR satellites, an increasing amount of data is available, and the development of efficient classification systems based on deep learning is possible. A deep neural network has improved the state of the art in classification tasks of optical images, but its use in SAR classification problems has been less exploited. In this paper, a full workflow for SAR maritime targets detection and classification on TerraSAR-X high-resolution image is presented, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) recently proposed in the literature are cross evaluated on a common data set composed of five maritime classes, namely, cargo, tanker, windmill, platform, and harbor structure. Based on experiments and tests, a multiple input resolution CNN model is proposed and its performance is evaluated. Our results indicate that CNNs are efficient models to perform maritime target classification in SAR images, and the combination of different input resolutions in the CNN model improves its ability to derive features, increasing the overall classification score.
Suggested consensus for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes (2013)

SUMMARY Recent proposals for the revision of diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have engendered worldwide debate. Within and between countries there is disagreement between obstetric, medical and endocrine groups regarding the diagnosis and management of GDM. There have been many articles written recently on this topic in an attempt to clarify opinions and, in some cases, promote a more unified approach. This review aims to discuss the criteria currently in use for the diagnosis of GDM and proposes the universal acceptance of the International Association for Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) GDM diagnostic criteria. It also aims to put into perspective the importance of GDM and its increasing prevalence, irrespective of the criteria used for diagnosis. Other factors associated with GDM diagnosis are also covered, including the epidemiology of testing for GDM around the world, the suggested elimination of a two-step diagnostic approach, the cost–effectiveness of testing a...
Problems in small animal neurology (1982)

Part 1 Evaluation and management of neurologic patient - introduction to the nervous system the neurologic history the physical and neurologic examinations initial ancillary investigations and approach to problem solving special ancillary investigations medical management of the neurologic patient. Part 2 Problems in clinical neurology: behaviour and personality disorders seizures visual disfunction coma and altered states of consciousness signs related to other autonomic and somatic cranial nerve dysfunction head tilt, circling, nystagmus, and other vestibular deficits deafness and alterations in hearing opisthotonos, tetanus, tetany, tremors, myoclonus and other muscle spasms incoordination of the head and limbs quadriplegia, quadriparesis, ataxia of all four limbs, hemiplegia, hemiparesis, and episodic weakness paraplegia, paraparesis, and ataxia of the pelvic limbs paresis or paralysis of one limb bladder distention, dilated anus, and atonic tail self mutilation.
Detection of stochastic processes (1998)

This paper reviews two streams of development, from the 1940's to the present, in signal detection theory: the structure of the likelihood ratio for detecting signals in noise and the role of dynamic optimization in detection problems involving either very large signal sets or the joint optimization of observation time and performance. This treatment deals exclusively with basic results developed for the situation in which the observations are modeled as continuous-time stochastic processes. The mathematics and intuition behind such developments as the matched filter, the RAKE receiver, the estimator-correlator, maximum-likelihood sequence detectors, multiuser detectors, sequential probability ratio tests, and cumulative-sum quickest detectors, are described.
Miniaturized Tests for Fire Resistance of Hydraulic Fluids (1966)

Some of the conventional tests for assessing the fire resistance of hydraulic fluids use relatively large amounts of fluid in relationship to quantities available from exploratory research programs. To alleviate this problem, four miniaturized tests were devised for evaluating fire resistance of aerospace fluids. These were intended to simulate the following normal-size tests: (1) flash point (Cleveland open cup), (2) hot manifold, (3) low pressure spray, and (4) high pressure spray. The microflash apparatus uses a spark plug and a heated aluminum cylinder. Three drops of fluid are applied at each temperature of the test. Results were somewhat higher than for full-scale equipment. Low pressure spray test employs an airless spray gun (rotating disk) with reservoir modified to hold a small volume of fluid. In the high pressure spray apparatus, gas pressure forces fluid from a small orifice in stainless steel tubing, and only 20 ml of fluid is used in each determination. The small-scale hot manifold test uses a 1/2-in. diameter stainless steel heater. These miniaturized tests require a total of 40-ml of fluid, as compared to about 2500 required for the corresponding full-scale tests. The small units are easy to operate, and repeatability is good.
<b>Introduction: self-healing polymers and composites</b> (2007)

While original epoxy resin-based self-healing systems used the commercially available endoisomer of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), the exo-stereoisomer is known to have much faster olefin metathesis reaction rates with first-generation Grubbs' catalyst.Here, we measure the energy to failure of healed specimens as a function of healing time and compare the kinetics of damage repair for endo-and exo-DCPD, and mixtures of the two isomers.Using catalyst loading levels previously reported to be effective for endo-DCPD, exo-DCPD was found to heal approximately 20 times faster than the endo-isomer, but with a lower healing efficiency.The fracture toughness of the repaired specimens decreased when the exo content of the blends was greater than 40% and, for the pure exo-DCPD, when the catalyst loadings were below 1%.Possible causes of the reduced healing efficiencies of the exo-DCPD healing agent are discussed.
Intersubband transitions in InGaNAs/GaAs quantum wells (2002)

Intersubband transitions are observed in InGaNAs/GaAs quantum wells at wavelengths around 10 μm. The transition energies are correlated with interband transition energies measured in the near infrared. Clear selection rules are observed: the transition is TM polarized. The amplitude of the absorption is consistent with an increase of the electron effective mass as the N content increases.
The observation of the AC Josephson effect in a YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7//Au/YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ junction (1989)

The authors have demonstrated proximity effect coupling between a high-transition-temperature superconductor and a normal metal. In a device with a 1- mu m long gap in a YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ film spanned by an Au shunt, the authors observed a DC supercurrent and the AC Josephson effect under microwave irradiation from 2 GHz to 15 GHz. Preliminary work has also begun with Ag shunts. It is concluded that these high quality S-N (superconductor-normal) interfaces should be applicable both to probing the superconducting state in oxide superconductors and to building high-T/sub c/ electronic devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Localization of sex steroid receptors in human skin. (2004)

Sex steroid hormones are involved in regulation of skin development and functions as well as in some skin pathological events. To determine the sites of action of estrogens, androgens and progestins, studies have been performed during the recent years to accurately localize receptors for each steroid hormone in human skin. Androgen receptors (AR) have been localized in most keratinocytes in epidermis. In the dermis, AR was detected in about 10% of fibroblasts. In sebaceous glands, AR was observed in both basal cells and sebocytes. In hair follicles, AR expression was restricted to dermal papillar cells. In eccrine sweat glands, only few secretory cells were observed to express AR. Estrogen receptor (ER) alpha was poorly expressing, being restricted to sebocytes. In contrast, ERbeta was found to be highly expressed in the epidermis, sebaceous glands (basal cells and sebocytes) and eccrine sweat glands. In the hair follicle, ERbeta is widely expressed with strong nuclear staining in dermal papilla cells, inner sheath cells, matrix cells and outer sheath cells including the buldge region. Progesterone receptors (PR) staining was found in nuclei of some keratinocytes and in nuclei of basal cells and sebocytes in sebaceous glands. PR nuclear staining was also observed in dermal papilla cells of hair follicles and in eccrine sweat glands. This information on the differential localization of sex steroid receptors in human skin should be of great help for future investigation on the specific role of each steroid on skin and its appendages.
Expression of polyomavirus large T antigen by using a baculovirus vector (1987)

A gene encoding the large T antigen of polyomavirus was inserted into the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus so that gene expression was under the control of the strong, very late polyhedrin gene promoter. Significantly more large T antigen was produced in recombinant virus-infected insect cells than was observed in polyomavirus-transformed mouse cells. The insect-derived T antigen exhibited polyomavirus origin-specific DNA binding. The baculovirus expression system provides a convenient source of T antigen for in vitro studies.