gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Extension of the Unit Testing Tool Junit for Special Testings (2006)

The unit testing tool Junit mainly deals with fundamental class testing and compounding class testing. However, it cannot conveniently test private methods and domains, neither cannot support testing the method, whose type of parameters is a class, in a fundamental class or a compounding class. In addition, it even cannot efficiently support some special Java class testing, such as the inherited class, abstract class and interface. This paper discusses how to introduce new testing principles and a new plug-in to Junit, and how to extend the source code of Junit to improve the testing effectiveness
Comparison of amplitude-decorrelation, speckle-variance and phase-variance OCT angiography methods for imaging the human retina and choroid (2016)

We compared the performance of three OCT angiography (OCTA) methods: speckle variance, amplitude decorrelation and phase variance for imaging of the human retina and choroid. Two averaging methods, split spectrum and volume averaging, were compared to assess the quality of the OCTA vascular images. All data were acquired using a swept-source OCT system at 1040 nm central wavelength, operating at 100,000 A-scans/s. We performed a quantitative comparison using a contrast-to-noise (CNR) metric to assess the capability of the three methods to visualize the choriocapillaris layer. For evaluation of the static tissue noise suppression in OCTA images we proposed to calculate CNR between the photoreceptor/RPE complex and the choriocapillaris layer. Finally, we demonstrated that implementation of intensity-based OCT imaging and OCT angiography methods allows for visualization of retinal and choroidal vascular layers known from anatomic studies in retinal preparations. OCT projection imaging of data flattened to selected retinal layers was implemented to visualize retinal and choroidal vasculature. User guided vessel tracing was applied to segment the retinal vasculature. The results were visualized in a form of a skeletonized 3D model.
Generalized Use of Non‐Terminal Symbols for Procedural Modeling (2010)

Abstract We present the new procedural modeling language (Generalized Grammar), which adapts various concepts from general purpose programming languages to provide high descriptive power with well‐defined semantics and a simple syntax which is easily readable even by non‐programmers. The term ‘Generalized’ reflects two kinds of generalization. On the one hand, we extend the scope of previous architectural modeling languages by allowing for multiple types of non‐terminal objects with domain‐specific operators and attributes. On the other hand, the language accepts non‐terminal symbols as parameters in modeling rules and thus enables the definition of abstract structure templates for flexible re‐use within the grammar. By deriving from the well‐established programming language Python, we can make sure that our modeling language has a well‐defined semantics. For illustration, we apply to architectural as well as plant modeling to demonstrate its descriptive power with some complex examples.
Simple collusion-secure fingerprinting schemes for images (2002)

This paper describes a robust watermarking algorithm and a collusion-secure fingerprinting scheme based on it. Watermarking robustness is obtained by using the JPEG algorithm to decide mark location and magnitude; the proposed algorithm supports multiple marking. The properties of dual binary Hamming codes are exploited to obtain a fingerprinting scheme secure against collusion of two buyers. The fingerprinting construction proposed here is simpler than previous collusion-secure proposals.
Lack of costimulation by both sphingomyelinase and C2 ceramide in resting human T cells (2000)

Resting T cells require a signal transduced through their antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) and an antigen-independent costimulatory signal in order to proliferate and become activated. Ligation of the CD28 receptor costimulates T-cell proliferation and is critical to correct T-cell function. A putative effector of CD28-mediated costimulation is the sphingomyelinase enzyme, which generates the potent second messenger ceramide. We have examined the role of sphingomyelinase and C2 ceramide for their ability to costimulate resting human T cells. We observed that neither sphingomyelinase nor C2 ceramide could costimulate human T-cell proliferation in combination with anti-CD3 antibody, whereas CD80, a natural CD28 ligand, was strongly costimulatory. Surprisingly, both sphingomyelinase and C2 ceramide strongly inhibited the proliferation of resting T cells stimulated through TCR and CD28 receptors. Despite these inhibitory effects, neither sphingomyelinase nor C2 ceramide induced apoptosis and we found that upregulation of activation markers CD25 and CD69 could still occur in the presence of sphingomyelinase/C2 ceramide. These data indicate that neither sphingomyelinase nor C2 ceramide can substitute for CD28 costimulation and that these molecules may be involved in negatively regulating T-cell proliferation.
A Secure Key Management Scheme in Wireless Mesh Networks (2011)

Wireless mesh network (WMN) is a rapid deployed, self organized and multi-hop wireless network. The wireless and distributed natures of WMNs make them subject to various kinds of attacks, which raise a great challenge in securing these networks. Most existing security mechanisms are based on cryptographic keys where a high degree key management services are in demand. In this paper, we present an effective key management scheme which seeks an encryption key assignment such that the induced network is connected and well protected against potential eavesdropping attacks. Compared with previous work, our scheme assigns the available encryption keys among all the nodes in the network. The simulation results show that our scheme out performs previous schemes through providing a network that is resistant against malicious eavesdropping attack.
Chapter 23. Solubility and the Oil Industry (2007)

This chapter focuses on the energy sector and more specifically the oil and gas industries. These industries use the disciplines of both chemistry and physics and also require specialists with the following training: petroleum engineers, geologists, geophysicists, environmental scientists, geochemis...
From Committees of RUSA: Best Historical Materials 2014 (2015)

Each year, the RUSA/CODES History Section Historical Materials Committee selects an assortment of resources that reflect the best resources for historical research. The 2014 list follows. All resources received a final review on November 29, 2014. —Editor
Cathodic protection of steel in concrete (2000)

Aspects generaux, systemes et etudes experimentales de la protection cathodique des aciers dans le beton
Studies on Osmophilic Yeasts (1960)

From the results of investigation of the polyalcohol productivity of various genera and species of yeasts, the present author has now found that all the yeast strains tested show different individual characteristics in polyalcohol productivities and can be classified in the following six types: (1) solely producing glycerol, (2) solely producing erythritol, (3) producing only D-arabitol, (4) producing erythritol and D-arabitol, (5) producing glycerol and D-arabitol, and (6) producing glycerol, erythritol and D-arabitol. It was also found that Pichia miso, which was isolated from miso-paste and showed a high osmophilic property, could produce glycerol, erythritol and D-arabitol giving very high yields, 50_??_60%, of sugar consumed. It seems to be worthy of note that this yeast was able to com-pletely dissimilate highly concentrated glucose, such as 30%, producing much polyalcohols as those state above.
The regioselective synthesis of aryl pyrroles (2006)

Pyrrole is a unique aromatic molecule as it can readily undergo substitution at all five positions but obtaining the desired regioisomer can prove difficult to control. We now report our results on the regioselective arylation of pyrrole, utilizing selective halogenation and the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction to prepare C4-, C5- and C3-aryl derivatives. We have applied this methodology to the synthesis of lamellarin O dimethyl ether, an intermediate in the synthesis of lukinol A.
Activated Kras, but Not Hras or Nras, May Initiate Tumors of Endodermal Origin via Stem Cell Expansion (2008)

The three closely related human Ras genes, Hras, Nras, and Kras, are all widely expressed, engage a common set of downstream effectors, and can each exhibit oncogenic activity. However, the vast majority of activating Ras mutations in human tumors involve Kras. Moreover, Kras mutations are most frequently seen in tumors of endodermally derived tissues (lung, pancreas, and colon), suggesting that activated Kras may affect an endodermal progenitor to initiate oncogenesis. Using a culture model of retinoic acid (RA)-induced stem cell differentiation to endoderm, we determined that while activated HrasV12 promotes differentiation and growth arrest in these endodermal progenitors, KrasV12 promotes their proliferation. Furthermore, KrasV12-expressing endodermal progenitors fail to differentiate upon RA treatment and continue to proliferate and maintain stem cell characteristics. NrasV12 neither promotes nor prevents differentiation. A structure-function analysis demonstrated that these distinct effects of the Ras isoforms involve their variable C-terminal domains, implicating compartmentalized signaling, and revealed a requirement for several established Ras effectors. These findings indicate that activated Ras isoforms exert profoundly different effects on endodermal progenitors and that mutant Kras may initiate tumorigenesis by expanding a susceptible stem/progenitor cell population. These results potentially explain the high frequency of Kras mutations in tumors of endodermal origin.
Putative N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine Synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana Is a Lysoglycerophospholipid Acyltransferase (2011)

AT1G78690, a gene found in Arabidopsis thaliana, has been reported to encode a N-acyltransferase that transfers an acyl chain from acyl-CoA to the headgroup of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to form N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (N-acyl-PE). Our investigation suggests that At1g78690p is not a PE-dependent N-acyltransferase but is instead a lysoglycerophospholipid O-acyltransferase. We overexpressed AT1G78690 in Escherichia coli, extracted the cellular lipids, and identified the accumulating glycerophospholipid as acylphosphatidylglycerol (acyl-PG). Electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis yielded [M - H](-) ions, corresponding by exact mass to acyl-PG rather than N-acyl-PE. Collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (MS/MS) yielded product ions consistent with acyl-PG. In addition, in vitro enzyme assays using both (32)P- and (14)C-radiolabeled substrates showed that AT1G78690 acylates 1-acyllysophosphatidylethanolamine (1-acyllyso-PE) and 1-acyllysophosphatidylglycerol (1-acyllyso-PG), but not PE or phosphatidylglycerol (PG), to form a diacylated product that co-migrates with PE and PG, respectively. We analyzed the diacylated product formed by AT1G78690 using a combination of base hydrolysis, phospholipase D treatment, ESI-MS, and MS/MS to show that AT1G78690 acylates the sn-2-position of 1-acyllyso-PE and 1-acyllyso-PG.
Synthesis and pharmacology of 2-(2-aminoethyl)imidazole (2-isohistamine) (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and pharmacology of 2-(2-aminoethyl)imidazole (2-isohistamine)E. C. Kornfeld, Lora Wolf, T. M. Lin, and I. H. SlaterCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 5, 1028–1031Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00311a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00311a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>mda-</i> 7 (IL-24) mediates selective apoptosis in human melanoma cells by inducing the coordinated overexpression of the GADD family of genes by means of p38 MAPK (2002)

Subtraction hybridization identified melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (mda-7) as a gene induced during terminal differentiation in human melanoma cells. On the basis of structure, chromosomal localization and cytokine-like properties, mda-7 is classified as IL-24. Administration of mda-7/IL-24 by means of a replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad.mda-7) induces apoptosis selectively in diverse human cancer cells without inducing harmful effects in normal fibroblast or epithelial cells. The present studies investigated the mechanism underlying this differential apoptotic effect. Infection of melanoma cells, but not normal immortal melanocytes, with Ad.mda-7 induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in expression, mRNA and protein, of a family of growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD)-inducible genes, which correlated with induction of apoptosis. Among the members of the GADD family of genes, GADD153, GADD45 alpha, and GADD34 displayed marked, and GADD45 gamma showed minimal induction. Treatment of melanoma cells with SB203580, a selective inhibitor of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, effectively inhibited Ad.mda-7-induced apoptosis. Additional support for an involvement of the p38 MAPK pathway in Ad.mda-7-mediated apoptosis was documented by using an adenovirus expressing a dominant negative mutant of p38 MAPK. Infection with Ad.mda-7 increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and heat shock protein 27 in melanoma cells but not in normal immortal melanocytes. In addition, SB203580 effectively inhibited Ad.mda-7-mediated induction of the GADD family of genes in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and it effectively blocked Ad.mda-7-mediated down-regulation of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-2. Inhibition of GADD genes by an antisense approach either alone or in combination also effectively blocked Ad.mda-7-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells. These results support the hypothesis that Ad.mda-7 mediates induction of the GADD family of genes by means of the p38 MAPK pathway, thereby resulting in the selective induction of apoptosis in human melanoma cells.
Phase I, First-in-Human Study of BMS747158, a Novel <sup>18</sup>F-Labeled Tracer for Myocardial Perfusion PET: Dosimetry, Biodistribution, Safety, and Imaging Characteristics After a Single Injection at Rest (2011)

These preliminary data suggest that (18)F-labeled BMS747158 appears to be well tolerated and has a unique potential for myocardial perfusion PET.
Securing a Wireless World (2006)

Securing wireless networks poses unique research challenges. In this paper, we survey the state-of-the-art approaches to providing security for three popular wireless networking paradigms, namely, IEEE 802.11 based WLANs, third-generation cellular networks, and mobile ad hoc networks. We identify the security threats as well as examine the current solutions. We further summarize lessons learned, discuss open issues, and identify future research directions.
Single-material multilayer with enhanced photoactivity (2010)

Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) patterned at the nanometer scale is combined with the same material in its bulk form to produce Bragg mirrors with enhanced photoactive properties. MoO3 undergoes coloration with exposure to UV light but a multilayer structure which alternates between nanostructured and bulk MoO3 is 2.5 times more effective. Measurements with various multilayer arrangements suggest the proximity of bulk and nanostructured MoO3 favors the photoreaction with structural water. A possible minor contribution from electronic band shifting is also discussed.
Field-Drifting Resonance Tunneling Through a-Si:H/a-Si<sub>1-x</sub>C<sub>x</sub>:H Double Barrier in the p-i-n Structure (1988)

An a-Si:H/a-Si 1- x C x :H double-barrier structure was imbedded in the i layer of a p-i-n structure. The effects of photoinduced carriers tunneling through the double-barrier structure were examined. Distinct current bumps at room temperature were observed for the first time. The results support the resonance tunneling of carriers in the multilayer which provides further direct evidence of the quantum size effects of amorphous silicon-based superlattice structures.
Novel Spillover Interrelating Reversible Electrocatalysts for Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrode Reactions (2010)

New striking prospects both in low and medium temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and in water electrolysis (WE) have been opened by the interactive supported individual (Pt) or prevailing hyper-d-electronic nanostructured metal clusters (WPt3, NbPt3, HfPd3, ZrNi3), grafted upon and within high altervalent capacity hypo-d-oxides (WO3, NbO2, TaO2, TiO2) and their proper mixed valence compounds, to create a novel type of alternating polarity (alterpolar) interchangeable composite electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen electrode reactions. Whereas in aqueous media Pt (Pt/C) features either chemisorbed catalytic surface properties of Pt−H or Pt═O, missing any effusion of other interacting species, a new generation of composite SMSI (strong metal−support interaction) electrocatalysts in condensed wet state primarily characterizes interchangeable extremely fast reversible spillover of either H-adatoms or the primary oxides (Pt−OH, Au−OH) or the invertible bronze type behavior of these significant interactive electrocatalytic ingredients. Altervalent hypo-d-oxides impose spontaneous dissociative adsorption of water molecules and pronounced membrane spillover transferring properties instantaneously resulting with corresponding bronze type (Pt/HxWO3) under cathodic and/or its hydrated state (Pt/W(OH)6), responsible for Pt−OH effusion, under anodic polarization, this way establishing instantaneous reversibly revertible alterpolar bronze features (Pt/H0.35WO3 ⇔ Pt/W(OH)6) and substantially advanced electrocatalytic properties of these composite interactive electrocatalysts. Such nanostructured type electrocatalysts, even of mixed hypo-d-oxide structure (Pt/H0.35WO3/TiO2/C, Pt/HxNbO3/TiO2/C), have for the first time been synthesized by the sol−gel methods and shown rather high stability, electron conductivity and nonexchanged initial pure monobronze spillover and catalytic properties. Such a unique electrocatalytic system, as the striking target issue of the present paper, has been shown to be the superior substantiation of the revertible cell assembly for spontaneous reversible alterpolar interchanges between PEMFC and WE. The underpotential spillover double layer charging and discharging properties of the primary oxide (M−OH), interrelated with the interactive self-catalytic effect of dipole-oriented water molecules, has also been pointed out.
Building Multirail InfiniBand Clusters: MPI-Level Design and Performance Evaluation (2005)

In the area of cluster computing, InfiniBand is becoming increasingly popular due to its open standard and high performance. However, even with InfiniBand, network bandwidth can still become the performance bottleneck for some of today’s most demanding applications. In this paper, we study the problem of how to overcome the bandwidth bottleneck by using multirail networks. We present different ways of setting up multirail networks with InfiniBand and propose a unified MPI design that can support all these approaches. We have also discussed various important design issues and provided in-depth discussions of different policies of using multirail networks, including an adaptive striping scheme that can dynamically change the striping parameters based on current system condition. We have implemented our design and evaluated it using both microbenchmarks and applications. Our performance results show that multirail networks can significant improve MPI communication performance. With a two rail InfiniBand cluster, we have achieved almost twice the bandwidth and half the latency for large messages compared with the original MPI. At the application level, the multirail MPI can significantly reduce communication time as well as running time depending on the communication pattern. We have also shown that the adaptive striping scheme can achieve excellent performance without a priori knowledge of the bandwidth of each rail.
Human Carbonic Anhydrase. Protein Conformation and Metal Ion Binding<sup>*</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHuman Carbonic Anhydrase. Protein Conformation and Metal Ion Binding*Joseph E. ColemanCite this: Biochemistry 1965, 4, 12, 2644–2655Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00888a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00888a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views307Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts