gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioactivity and osteoblast responses of novel biomedical nanocomposites of bioactive glass nanofiber filled poly(lactic acid) (2007)

Biomedical nanocomposites constituted of bioactive ceramic and resorbable polymer have shown promise for the successful regeneration of bone tissues. We developed herein a novel nanocomposite made up of a bioactive glass in a nanofibrous form and a degradable synthetic polymer, poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The glass nanofiber with a bioactive composition was generated via an electrospinning process with an average diameter of approximately 320 nm. The nanofiber was homogenized with PLA solution at various concentrations (up to 35% nanofiber), followed by drying and thermal pressing to produce dense nanocomposites. The nanocomposites showed an internal morphology of uniformly dispersed nanofibers within the PLA matrix. The nanocomposites induced rapid formation of a hydroxycarbonate apatite layer on the surface under a simulated physiological medium. As the amount of bioactive nanofiber increased (from 5 to 25%), the in vitro bioactivity of the nanocomposite was improved. The osteoblast responses to the nanocomposites (compositions with 5 and 25% nanofiber) were assessed in terms of cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. Osteoblasts attached and grew well on the nanocomposites and secreted collagen protein at initial culturing periods. The differentiation of cells, as assessed by the expression of alkaline phosphatase, was significantly improved on the nanocomposites as compared to those on pure PLA. Moreover, the mineralized product by the cells was observed to be significantly higher on the nanocomposites with respect to pure PLA. The newly developed nanocomposite constituted of bioactive nanofiber and degradable polymer is considered as a promising bone regeneration matrix with its excellent bioactivity and osteoblast responses.
Effect van lagere doseringen van middelen en grotere intervallen tussen bespuitingen op de aantasting van aardappelen door Phytophthora infestans (1994)

Effect van lagere doseringen van middelen en grotere intervallen tussen bespuitingen op de aantasting van aardappelen door Phytophthora infestansEffects of lowering doses of fungicides and larger intervals between sprayings on infection of potatoes by Phytophthora infestans ir
Individual identification via electrocardiogram analysis (2015)

Biometric recognition is a mature field of research. Nevertheless, the use of physiological signals features, such as the ECG traits, needs further improvements. ECG features have the potential to be used in daily activities such as access control and patient handling as well as in wearable electronics applications. However, some barriers still limit its growth. Further analysis should be addressed on the use of single lead recordings and the study of features which are not dependent on the recording sites (e.g. fingers, hand palms). Moreover, it is expected that new techniques will be developed using fiducials and non-fiducial based features in order to catch the best of both approaches. ECG recognition in pathological subjects is also worth of additional investigations.
The Disordered Mobile Loop of GroES Folds into a Defined β-Hairpin upon Binding GroEL (2001)

The GroES mobile loop is a stretch of approximately 16 amino acids that exhibits a high degree of flexible disorder in the free protein. This loop is responsible for the interaction between GroES and GroEL, and it undergoes a folding transition upon binding to GroEL. Results derived from a combination of transferred nuclear Overhauser effect NMR experiments and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the mobile loop adopts a beta-hairpin structure with a Type I, G1 Bulge turn. This structure is distinct from the conformation of the loop in the co-crystal of GroES with GroEL-ADP but identical to the conformation of the bacteriophage-panned "strongly binding peptide" in the co-crystal with GroEL. Analysis of sequence conservation suggests that sequences of the mobile loop and strongly binding peptide were selected for the ability to adopt this hairpin conformation.
Dual-Function Radiating Glass for Antennas and Light Covers—Part II: Dual-Band Glass Dielectric Resonator Antennas (2012)

This paper is the second part of our study that investigates using glass dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) as light covers. To begin, designs of dual-band hemispherical DRAs are investigated for the first time. Both broadside and omnidirectional dual-band DRAs are included in the study. The former makes use of the broadside <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm TE}_{111}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm TE}_{112}$</tex></formula> modes of a hollow hemispherical DRA, whereas the latter utilizes the endfire <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm TM}_{101}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm TM}_{103}$</tex></formula> modes of a solid hemispherical DRA. New design formulas that determine the radii of the two dual-band hemispherical DRAs are found. To demonstrate the usefulness of the formulas, two dual-band hemispherical DRAs for WLAN/WiMAX applications were designed and fabricated using K9 glass. ANSYS HFSS was used to simulate the DRAs, and the results agree reasonably well with our measurements. Results of using the DRAs as light covers are reported.
Molecular adaptations of striatal spiny projection neurons during levodopa-induced dyskinesia (2014)

Levodopa treatment is the major pharmacotherapy for Parkinson's disease. However, almost all patients receiving levodopa eventually develop debilitating involuntary movements (dyskinesia). Although it is known that striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) are involved in the genesis of this movement disorder, the molecular basis of dyskinesia is not understood. In this study, we identify distinct cell-type-specific gene-expression changes that occur in subclasses of SPNs upon induction of a parkinsonian lesion followed by chronic levodopa treatment. We identify several hundred genes, the expression of which is correlated with levodopa dose, many of which are under the control of activator protein-1 and ERK signaling. Despite homeostatic adaptations involving several signaling modulators, activator protein-1-dependent gene expression remains highly dysregulated in direct pathway SPNs upon chronic levodopa treatment. We also discuss which molecular pathways are most likely to dampen abnormal dopaminoceptive signaling in spiny projection neurons, hence providing potential targets for antidyskinetic treatments in Parkinson's disease.
k-nearest-neighbor Bayes-risk estimation (1975)

Nonparametric estimation of the Bayes risk <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R^\ast</tex> using a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> -nearest-neighbor ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> -NN) approach is investigated. Estimates of the conditional Bayes error <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r(X)</tex> for use in an unclassified test sample approach to estimate <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R^\ast</tex> are derived using maximum-likelihood estimation techniques. By using the volume information as well as the class representations of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> -NN's to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</tex> , the mean-squared error of the conditional Bayes error estimate is reduced significantly. Simulations are presented to indicate the performance of the estimates using unclassified testing samples.
Maintaining periodontal health in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment (2012)

Presence of fixed orthodontic appliances in the mouth leads to accumulation of food debris and an elevation in the amount of plaque. It also hinders plaque removal by tooth brushing alone. Chemical agents may be used during the active phase of orthodontic treatment to reduce the bacterial plaque accumulation and decrease the occurrence of periodontal disease in these patients. The present study was therefore done to compare the efficacy of chemical plaque control by chlorhexidiene in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Forty five subjects for this double blind study were assigned randomly into three groups of 15 each. Gingival inflammation, plaque accumulation, and bleeding on probing, were recorded at baseline (10 days after prophylaxis), and at the end of one month in all the three groups. The data obtained was subjected to stastical analysis. Anova test showed significant difference among all the three groups for bleeding index, modified gingival index and plaque index. Paired t test showed significant differences in bleeding index for pre and post treatment recordings for chlorhexidine group. Modified gingival index showed significant difference in the chlorhexidine group. For plaque index significant difference was found for chlorhexidine, and control groups. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse 0.12% was found to be the most effective in reducing the bleeding scores, modified gingival index scores and the plaque index scores. It can therefore be said that chlorhexidine mouthrinse 0.12% provides greater benefits to the patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.
Effect of Different Cytokinins on Ethylene Production by Mung Bean Hypocotyls in the Presence of Indole‐3‐Acetic Acid or Calcium Ion (1977)

Abstract Kinetin has been shown to act synergistically with indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) or calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) to stimulate ethylene production. Several commercially available cytokinins (kinetin, kinetin‐riboside, benzyladenine, benzyladenine‐riboside, isopentenyladenine, isopentenyladenine‐riboside, and zeatin) as well as noncytokinin bases (adenine and xanthine) were administered to mung bean ( Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) hypocotyls to study their effects, alone or in combination with IAA or Ca 2+ , on ethylene production. In the presence of IAA or Ca 2+ , all cytokinins tested synergistically stimulated ethylene production and were as effective or nearly as effective as kinetin. Noncytokinin bases (adenine and xanthine) were, however, inactive in this system.
Spontaneous autoimmunity prevented by thymic expression of a single self-antigen (2006)

The expression of self-antigen in the thymus is believed to be responsible for the deletion of autoreactive T lymphocytes, a critical process in the maintenance of unresponsiveness to self. The Autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene, which is defective in the disorder autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1, has been shown to promote the thymic expression of self-antigens. A clear link, however, between specific thymic self-antigens and a single autoimmune phenotype in this model has been lacking. We show that autoimmune eye disease in aire-deficient mice develops as a result of loss of thymic expression of a single eye antigen, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP). In addition, lack of IRBP expression solely in the thymus, even in the presence of aire expression, is sufficient to trigger spontaneous eye-specific autoimmunity. These results suggest that failure of thymic expression of selective single self-antigens can be sufficient to cause organ-specific autoimmune disease, even in otherwise self-tolerant individuals.
Zika Virus Methyltransferase: Structure and Functions for Drug Design Perspectives (2016)

The <i>Flavivirus</i> Zika virus (ZIKV) is the causal agent of neurological disorders like microcephaly in newborns or Guillain-Barre syndrome. Its NS5 protein embeds a methyltransferase (MTase) domain involved in the formation of the viral mRNA cap. We investigated the structural and functional properties of the ZIKV MTase. We show that the ZIKV MTase can methylate RNA cap structures at the N-7 position of the cap, and at the 2'-O position on the ribose of the first nucleotide, yielding a cap-1 structure. In addition, the ZIKV MTase methylates the ribose 2'-O position of internal adenosines of RNA substrates. The crystal structure of the ZIKV MTase determined at a 2.01-Å resolution reveals a crystallographic homodimer. One chain is bound to the methyl donor (<i>S</i>-adenosyl-l-methionine [SAM]) and shows a high structural similarity to the dengue virus (DENV) MTase. The second chain lacks SAM and displays conformational changes in the αX α-helix contributing to the SAM and RNA binding. These conformational modifications reveal a possible molecular mechanism of the enzymatic turnover involving a conserved Ser/Arg motif. In the second chain, the SAM binding site accommodates a sulfate close to a glycerol that could serve as a basis for structure-based drug design. In addition, compounds known to inhibit the DENV MTase show similar inhibition potency on the ZIKV MTase. Altogether these results contribute to a better understanding of the ZIKV MTase, a central player in viral replication and host innate immune response, and lay the basis for the development of potential antiviral drugs.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with microcephaly in newborns, and other neurological disorders such as Guillain-Barre syndrome. It is urgent to develop antiviral strategies inhibiting the viral replication. The ZIKV NS5 embeds a methyltransferase involved in the viral mRNA capping process, which is essential for viral replication and control of virus detection by innate immune mechanisms. We demonstrate that the ZIKV methyltransferase methylates the mRNA cap and adenosines located in RNA sequences. The structure of ZIKV methyltransferase shows high structural similarities to the dengue virus methyltransferase, but conformational specificities highlight the role of a conserved Ser/Arg motif, which participates in RNA and SAM recognition during the reaction turnover. In addition, the SAM binding site accommodates a sulfate and a glycerol, offering structural information to initiate structure-based drug design. Altogether, these results contribute to a better understanding of the <i>Flavivirus</i> methyltransferases, which are central players in the virus replication.
Estimation of planar curves, surfaces, and nonplanar space curves defined by implicit equations with applications to edge and range image segmentation (1991)

The author addresses the problem of parametric representation and estimation of complex planar curves in 2-D surfaces in 3-D, and nonplanar space curves in 3-D. Curves and surfaces can be defined either parametrically or implicitly, with the latter representation used here. A planar curve is the set of zeros of a smooth function of two variables x-y, a surface is the set of zeros of a smooth function of three variables x-y-z, and a space curve is the intersection of two surfaces, which are the set of zeros of two linearly independent smooth functions of three variables x-y-z For example, the surface of a complex object in 3-D can be represented as a subset of a single implicit surface, with similar results for planar and space curves. It is shown how this unified representation can be used for object recognition, object position estimation, and segmentation of objects into meaningful subobjects, that is, the detection of 'interest regions' that are more complex than high curvature regions and, hence, more useful as features for object recognition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibition of Mitochondrial Pyruvate Transport by Zaprinast Causes Massive Accumulation of Aspartate at the Expense of Glutamate in the Retina (2013)

Transport of pyruvate into mitochondria by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier is crucial for complete oxidation of glucose and for biosynthesis of amino acids and lipids. Zaprinast is a well known phosphodiesterase inhibitor and lead compound for sildenafil. We found Zaprinast alters the metabolomic profile of mitochondrial intermediates and amino acids in retina and brain. This metabolic effect of Zaprinast does not depend on inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity. By providing (13)C-labeled glucose and glutamine as fuels, we found that the metabolic profile of the Zaprinast effect is nearly identical to that of inhibitors of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier. Both stimulate oxidation of glutamate and massive accumulation of aspartate. Moreover, Zaprinast inhibits pyruvate-driven O2 consumption in brain mitochondria and blocks mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in liver mitochondria. Inactivation of the aspartate glutamate carrier in retina does not attenuate the metabolic effect of Zaprinast. Our results show that Zaprinast is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier activity, and this action causes aspartate to accumulate at the expense of glutamate. Our findings show that Zaprinast is a specific mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) inhibitor and may help to elucidate the roles of MPC in amino acid metabolism and hypoglycemia.
<i>In vitro</i>methylation inhibits the promotor activity of a cloned intracisternal A-particle LTR (1986)

We studied the relation between LTR methylation and expression of the family of endogenous retrovirus-like elements related to mouse intracisternal A-particles (IAP). Comparative HpaII/MspI and HhaI restriction analysis of genomic DNA's showed that in cells and tissues with a low level of IAP gene expression, HpaII and HhaI sites within the 5' LTR were heavily methylated, while in cells abundantly expressing IAP's 20 to 30% of the 5' LTRs were demethylated at these sites. The effects of methylation on the promoter activity of a cloned IAP 5' LTR was studied directly, using the plasmid pMIA5' L-cat in which this LTR was linked to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene. In vitro methylation of three HhaI sites located between -137 and -205 bp from the RNA start site of this LTR completely inactivated the promoter activity of pMIA5' L-cat transfected into COS7 cells. Methylation of a HpaII site located 94 bp downstream from the RNA start site reduced the promoter activity by 75%. The results show that methylation at sites both upstream and downstream from the RNA start site profoundly effects the promoter activity of this LTR and suggest that methylation within the 5' LTR can serve to regulate IAP gene expression in vivo.
Voltage-mode universal filters using two current conveyors (1997)

Abstract Voltage-mode universal filters using two current conveyors are presented. These universal filters can realize low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch and all-pass filters. They have the following advantages: (i) orthogonal control of the natural frequency and quality factor by grounded resistors, (ii) easily converted into a voltage-controlled filter, (iii) low component spread, (iv) minimum active and passive components, (v) without match components except for all-pass applications, and (vi) low active and passive sensitivities. Experimental results that confirm the theoretical analyses are obtained.
Explicit Shift-Invariant Dictionary Learning (2013)

In this letter we give efficient solutions to the construction of structured dictionaries for sparse representations. We study circulant and Toeplitz structures and give fast algorithms based on least squares solutions. We take advantage of explicit circulant structures and we apply the resulting algorithms to shift-invariant learning scenarios. Synthetic experiments and comparisons with state-of-the-art methods show the superiority of the proposed methods.
Quality of service in two-stage Ethernet passive optical access networks (2005)

Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) have emerged as a well accepted candidate for next-generation access networks. Propelled by rapid price declines in fiber optics and Ethernet components, these new EPON architectures combine the latest in optical and electronic advances, and are poised to become the dominant means of delivering bundled services over a single platform. This paper proposes a novel EPON architecture capable of delivering bandwidth-intensive voice, data video services at distances beyond 25 km in the subscriber access network. Specifically, this paper proposes a two-stage EPON architecture that allows more end-users to share an OLT link, and enables longer access reach/distances (beyond the usual 25 km distance). In addition, a new dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm is proposed to effectively and fairly allocate bandwidths between end users. This DBA algorithm can support differentiated services in a network with heterogeneous traffic. We conduct detailed simulation experiments to study the performance and validate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and algorithms.
Slim-Hole Drilling in Harsh Environments (1991)

Summary Wells with small liners occasionally require unique methods of drilling, completion, and reworking, especially deep-hole wells and wells with severe doglegs. Innovative drilling procedures were used successfully on two wells with those downhole conditions. On the first well, cement was drilled in a 3½-in. liner with a small mud motor and heavyweight mud. On the second well, a large mud motor was used as a downhole power swivel to drill in a 3½-in. liner. Both jobs were completed at depths of 13, 000 to 20, 000 ft with mud weights &gt; 18 lbm/gal and bottomhole temperatures (BHT's) &gt;300°F.
LARGE DIAMETER PROPELLERS OF REDUCED WEIGHT (1982)

This is a study of the design and economic analysis of large diameter, slow-turning marine propellers to improve the fuel economy of merchant ships. Detailed designs of several lightweight propellers were made. It was determined that the best combination for weight reduction is a cast hollow blade with 1-1/4 inch wall thickness and a hollow hub. Other investigations made were: fabrication techniques, resonant frequency effects, hydrodynamic characteristics, cascading effects and tip emersion effects. Costs and benefits as applied to a 120,000 dwt tanker are discussed allowing for both strict adherence to IMCO Rules of tip submersion and with a relaxing of IMCO Rules. Strict adherence shows a maximum propeller diameter of about 30.2-feet with a resulting annual fuel savings of 1/4 million dollars over the 27.5'-foot propeller. Relaxing these rules allows for a 42.5'-foot diameter propeller turning at 30.8 rpm, which would result in an annual fuel savings of one million dollars per year over the 27.5'-foot propeller.
Gelsolin as a negative prognostic factor and effector of motility in erbB-2-positive epidermal growth factor receptor-positive breast cancers. (2001)

These data suggest that gelsolin coexpression may be an important additional prognostic factor in erbB-2+, EGFR+ breast cancer patients. We hypothesize that this is due to the role of gelsolin in mediating motility and invasion.