gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Competitive ELISA for Detection of Antibodies against Avian Influenza Virus Nucleoprotein (1998)

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) employing a baculovirus-expressed recombinant nucleoprotein and a monoclonal antibody was developed for the detection of antibodies to type A influenza virus nucleoprotein. The performance of the C-ELISA was evaluated by testing 756 chickens, 1123 turkeys, 707 emus, and 1261 ostriches, for a total of 3847 serum samples. Relative to the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, the C-ELISA had a sensitivity of 100% for all four species. The C-ELISA's sensitivity relative to the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test results was 100% for chicken, turkey, and emu and 96.2% for the ostrich serum samples. More than 90% of the AGID-negative/C-ELISA-positive serum samples were found positive by HI for at least one influenza serotype. The specificity of C-ELISA relative to AGID ranged from 85.5% to 99.8% for sera collected from these species. These results indicated that the C-ELISA was more sensitive and more specific than the AGID test and as sensitive and as specific as the HI test. The C-ELISA has the potential to replace the AGID test for screening sera from avian species, including ratites, for detection of antibodies to type A influenza virus.
Production inventory models for deteriorating items with production quantity dependent demand and Weibull decay (2011)

Production scheduling is an important part of manufacturing. For production scheduling, inventory models play a dominant role. Most of the inventory models of deteriorating items assume that the rate of deterioration is known and constant. In this paper, we concern ourselves with a production inventory system with the assumption that the life time of the product is random and follows a Weibull distribution. The Weibull rate of decay includes increasing, decreasing and constant rates of decay. Assuming that the demand rate is a function of production quantity in a cycle and using the differential equations, the optimal production scheduling policies are derived. The sensitivity of the model with respect to the parameters and cost is also studied. This model is much useful for analysing the production schedules of the seasonal products. It is observed that the decay distribution has an influence on the production schedule.
Branch-explore-merge (2012)

Collaborative work is characterized by participants seamlessly transitioning from working together (coupled) to working alone (decoupled). Groupware should therefore facilitate smoothly varying coupling throughout the entire collaborative session. Towards achieving such transitions for collaborative exploration and search, we propose a protocol based on managing revisions for each collaborator exploring a dataset. The protocol allows participants to diverge from the shared analysis path (branch), study the data independently (explore), and then contribute back their findings onto the shared display (merge). We apply this concept to collaborative search in multidimensional data, and propose an implementation where the public view is a tabletop display and the private views are embedded in handheld tablets. We then use this implementation to perform a qualitative user study involving a real estate dataset. Results show that participants leverage the BEM protocol, spend \ significant time using their private views (40% to 80% of total task time), and apply public view changes for consultation with collaborators.
Model-Based Vision for Robotic Manipulation of Twisted Tubular Parts: Using Affine Transforms (1994)

We discuss here the model-acquisition and modelmatching aspects of a model-based vision system for the bin-picking of twisted tubular parts. The system uses both 3-0 structured-light vision and 2-0 binary vision in a synergistic manner. Binary vision kicks in when the robot picks up a tube using a graspablefragment identified as such by the 3-0 vision system; the tube thus picked up is placed on a backlit table so that its pose can be calculated from its 20 image with sufficient precision to allow its assembly with another object. Binary vision carries out pose calculation by affine matching the projected image with, a sm,all set of model projections, each corresponding to a separate stable pose of the object on a flat surface and each represented by the coordinates of only four points. This paper presents a heuristic algorithm for determining the the placement of the four points for representing the model projections.
Integration of concurrency control in a language with subtyping and subclassing (1995)

This paper describes the integration of concurrency control in BALLOON, an object-oriented language that separates the concepts of type and class as well of subtyping and subclassing. Types are interface specifications enriched with concurrency control annotations. Classes are used to implement the operational functionality of types as well as concurrency control mechanisms. Types, classes and concurrency control annotations are independently reusable and derivable. The language takes advantage of this separation to solve the typical problems of the inheritance anomaly.
3D-QSAR Comparative Molecular Field Analysis on Opioid Receptor Antagonists:  Pooling Data from Different Studies (2005)

Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models were constructed using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) on a series of opioid receptor antagonists. To obtain statistically significant and robust CoMFA models, a sizable data set of naltrindole and naltrexone analogues was assembled by pooling biological and structural data from independent studies. A process of "leave one data set out", similar to the traditional "leave one out" cross-validation procedure employed in partial least squares (PLS) analysis, was utilized to study the feasibility of pooling data in the present case. These studies indicate that our approach yields statistically significant and highly predictive CoMFA models from the pooled data set of delta, mu, and kappa opioid receptor antagonists. All models showed excellent internal predictability and self-consistency: q(2) = 0.69/r(2) = 0.91 (delta), q(2) = 0.67/r(2) = 0.92 (mu), and q(2) = 0.60/r(2) = 0.96 (kappa). The CoMFA models were further validated using two separate test sets: one test set was selected randomly from the pooled data set, while the other test set was retrieved from other published sources. The overall excellent agreement between CoMFA-predicted and experimental binding affinities for a structurally diverse array of ligands across all three opioid receptor subtypes gives testimony to the superb predictive power of these models. CoMFA field analysis demonstrated that the variations in binding affinity of opioid antagonists are dominated by steric rather than electrostatic interactions with the three opioid receptor binding sites. The CoMFA steric-electrostatic contour maps corresponding to the delta, mu, and kappa opioid receptor subtypes reflected the characteristic similarities and differences in the familiar "message-address" concept of opioid receptor ligands. Structural modifications to increase selectivity for the delta over mu and kappa opioid receptors have been predicted on the basis of the CoMFA contour maps. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) together with the CoMFA models should find utility for the rational design of subtype-selective opioid receptor antagonists.
Arm gesture recognition and humanoid imitation using functional principal component analysis (2013)

A method is proposed for gesture recognition and humanoid imitation based on Functional Principal Component Analysis (FPCA). FPCA is a statistical technique of functional data analysis that has never been applied before for humanoid imitation. In functional data analysis data (e.g. gestures) are functions that can be considered as observations of a random variable on a functional space. FPCA is an extension of multivariate PCA that provides functional principal components which describe the modes of variation in the data. In the proposed approach FPCA is used for both unsupervised clustering of training data and gesture recognition. In this work we focus on arm gesture recognition. Human hand paths in Cartesian space are reconstructed from inertial sensors. Recognized gestures are reproduced by a small humanoid robot. The FPCA algorithm has also been compared to a state of the art algorithm for gesture classification based on Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). Results indicate that, in this domain, the FPCA algorithm achieves a comparable recognition rate while it outperforms DTW in terms of efficiency in execution time.
Fundamental mode oscillation of a buried ridge waveguide laser array (1984)

An eight-element phase-locked array of index-guided separate confinement ridge AlGaAs diode lasers is fabricated. In this array the absorption of light in the region between lasers is negligible and the gain profile across the array is nearly uniform. Unlike most other arrays, this array oscillates in its fundamental mode. Stable radiation patterns of near diffraction-limited single narrow beam with 1.6° width are obtained. The beam width approaches the theoretical limit for the present array structure.
Strong ozone production in urban plumes from Beijing, China (2006)

We report recent measurements of ozone (O 3 ) and related trace gases obtained in June–July 2005 in a mountainous area north of Beijing. Of the 39 days of observation, there were 13 days whose 1‐hr O 3 mixing ratio exceeded 120 ppbv, with a maximum level of 286 ppbv, which is the highest reported value in open literature for China. Analysis of plume characteristics and air‐mass back trajectories show the highest concentrations of O 3 (and other trace gases) were mainly due to emissions from the Beijing urban area. O 3 was strongly correlated with NO y with O 3 ‐NO y regression slopes of 3–6 ppbv/ppbv in the six episodes examined. In contrast to some observations from North America, the positive O 3 ‐NO y correlation in the Beijing plumes extended to NO y mixing ratios up to 55 ppbv, suggesting an important role of NO x in the formation of O 3 in Beijing. The very high concentrations of O 3 revealed in our study imply significant negative effects on vegetation and regional air quality.
Prediction of Chromatographic Retention Times for Aromatic Hydrocarbons (2006)

A quantitative model for predicting the retention times of various single- and multi-ring aromatic hydrocarbons (AH) and heteroatom-containing molecules in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is presented. The retention time behavior of 44 aromatic molecules containing one-, two-, and three-ring structures on a [3-(2,4-dinitroanilino)]propyl-silica column was investigated under subambient separation conditions. Substituent effects (their number, type, and position on the ring) on the retention behavior of these aromatic ring structures were also investigated. A quantitative structure−property relationship (QSPR) model elucidating the retention behavior of AH molecules was developed based on the obtained experimental data. It was found that the electronic properties of the molecule and its molecular geometry play a pivotal role in determining its retention in the HPLC column. The important electronic and geometric descriptors were identified using partial least squares analysis. The electronic properties of the molecule were quantified by its ionization potential and electron affinity computed from the optimized solute geometry using the PM3 energy function. The molecular geometry was characterized by the number of rings, molecular weight, and the valence connectivity indices. The mathematical form of the QSPR model was derived using genetic algorithms, and a log-linear form of the model was found to best correlate the HPLC retention time data with the solute molecular descriptors. The QSPR model was also used to predict the retention behavior of many other AH molecules that are commonly present in most heavy petroleum streams. The results obtained in this study enhance our understanding of the AH retention behavior and are of significance in predicting the identity of chromatographic peaks and quantify the extent of overlap based solely on parameters derived from solute structure.
A Genetically Encoded AND Gate for Cell-Targeted Metabolic Labeling of Proteins (2013)

We describe a genetic AND gate for cell-targeted metabolic labeling and proteomic analysis in complex cellular systems. The centerpiece of the AND gate is a bisected methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) that charges the Met surrogate azidonorleucine (Anl) to tRNA(Met). Cellular protein labeling occurs only upon activation of two different promoters that drive expression of the N- and C-terminal fragments of the bisected MetRS. Anl-labeled proteins can be tagged with fluorescent dyes or affinity reagents via either copper-catalyzed or strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Protein labeling is apparent within 5 min after addition of Anl to bacterial cells in which the AND gate has been activated. This method allows spatial and temporal control of proteomic labeling and identification of proteins made in specific cellular subpopulations. The approach is demonstrated by selective labeling of proteins in bacterial cells immobilized in the center of a laminar-flow microfluidic channel, where they are exposed to overlapping, opposed gradients of inducers of the N- and C-terminal MetRS fragments. The observed labeling profile is predicted accurately from the strengths of the individual input signals.
Efeito do solvente na extração de ácidos clorogênicos, cafeína e trigonelina em Coffea arabica (2014)

In this research work the effects of four solvents and their mixtures on the extraction of chlorogenic acids, caffeine and trigonelline in crude extracts of four coffee cultivars, traditional red bourbon, IAPAR59, IPR101 and IPR108 cultivars, were investigated by UV spectrophotometry and UV spectra obtained from RP-HPLC-DAD. The experimental results and the principal component analysis of UV spectra showed that the effect of solvent extraction of the metabolites does not depend on cultivars, because the spectral characteristics are similar, but the concentrations are different. The UV and UV-DAD spectra for four simplex centroid design mixtures were also similar but the concentrations of caffeine, trigonelline and the chlorogenic acids are different and depend on the solvent used in the extraction.
Small vessel enhancement in MRA images using local maximum mean processing (2001)

The enhancement of small vessels in MRA imaging is an important problem. In this paper, we propose using local maximum mean (LMM) processing to enhance the detectability of small vessels. At each voxel in the original three-dimensional (3-D) data set, the LMM over the line segments in the cube centered at the voxel is taken and used to form the 3-D LMM data set. The maximum intensity projection (MIP) is then applied to the LMM data to produce the two-dimensional (2-D) LMM-MIP image. Through LMM processing, the variance of background tissue is reduced, thus increasing the detectability of small vessels. Moreover, the single bright voxels are suppressed and the disconnected small vessels can be connected. However, the LMM processing widens the larger, brighter vessels. To keep the advantages provided by both the LMM-MIP and MIP images, it is proposed that weight functions be used to combine them. The performance of the LMM-MIP algorithm is analyzed and compared with the performance of the MIP algorithm under three measures: The vessel voxel projection probability, the vessel receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the vessel-tissue contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Closed forms of the three measures are obtained. It is shown that the LMM-MIP algorithm improves the detectability of small vessels under all three measures. The longer the projection path and the larger the CNR of the original data, then the greater the improvement. Confirming the theoretical analysis, results of an experiment utilizing practical MRA data demonstrate the improved visual quality of small vessels.
New aspects of simulation in hot-embossing (2004)

Hot embossing is especially well suited for manufacturing small and medium volume series. However a wider diffusion of this process is currently seriously hampered by the lack of adequate simulation tools for process optimization and part design. This lack of simulation tools is becoming critical as the dimensions of the microstructures continuously shrink from micron and sub-micron towards nano-scales and as productivity requirements dictate the enlargement of formats to process larger numbers of devices in parallel. Having no macroscopic equivalent the micro hot embossing process cannot be described by simple down scaling of existing software tools like in injection molding. In this paper a first access is described how numerical simulation also can be applied to the hot embossing process.
Mode selectivity in DFB lasers with cleaved facets (1985)

The mode selectivity of distributed feedback lasers with cleaved facets is examined for various positions of the grating relative to the facets. The expected yield of single-mode lasers is calculated for several values of the coupling coefficient.
Physical Characterization and Macrophage Cell Uptake of Mannan-Coated Nanoparticles (2003)

Previously, we reported on a cationic nanoparticle-based DNA vaccine delivery system engineered from warm oil-in-water microemulsion precursors. In these present studies, the feasibility of lyophilizing the nanoparticles and their thermal properties were investigated. Also, the binding and uptake of the nanoparticles by a macrophage cell line were studied. The nanoparticles (prior to pDNA coating) were freeze-dried with lactose or sucrose as cryoprotectants. The stability of lyophilized nanoparticles at room temperature was monitored and compared to that of the aqueous nanoparticle suspension. The thermal properties of the nanoparticles were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanoparticles, coated or uncoated with mannan as a ligand, were incubated with a mannose receptor positive (MR+) mouse macrophage cell line (J774E), at either 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C to study the binding and uptake of the nanoparticles by the cells. It was found that lactose or sucrose (1-5%, w/v) was required for successful lyophilization of the nanoparticles. After 4 months of storage, the size of lyophilized nanoparticles did not significantly increase while those in aqueous suspension grew by over 900%. Unlike its individual components, emulsifying wax (m.p., approximately 55 degrees C) and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, the nanoparticles showed a melting point of approximately 90 degrees C. Moreover, the DSC profile of the nanoparticles was different from that of the physical mixture of emulsifying wax and CTAB. After 1 hour incubation at 37 degrees C, the uptake of mannan-coated nanoparticles was 50% higher than that of the uncoated nanoparticles. At 4 degrees C and after one hour, the binding of the mannan-coated nanoparticles by J774E was over 2-fold higher than that of the uncoated nanoparticles. This increase in J774E binding could be abolished by preincubating the cells with free mannan, suggesting that the binding and uptake were receptor-mediated. In conclusion, the nanoparticles were lyophilizable, and lyophilization was shown to enhance the stability of the nanoparticles. DSC provided evidence that the nanoparticles were not a physical mixture of their individual components. Finally, cell binding and uptake studies demonstrated that the nanoparticles have potential application for cell-specific targeting.
Comparison of thetransfection effects on soluble fins-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1 gene mediated bycarboxymethylated dextran coated nanoparticle and lipofectamineTM 2000 (2010)

：Objective To compare thetransfection effects on soluble fins-like tyrosine kinase receptor1 (sFlt-1) gene (2-4transcellular region) mediated by carboxymethylated dextran coated nanoparticle andlipofectamineTM 2000. Methods The plasmid pcDNA3. 1-EGFP/sFlt-1(2-4) was constructed andassessed by enzyme cut, electrophoresis, and genetic sequencing. Three groups weredivided: nanoparticle group,lipofectamine group, and non-transfeeted group. Twenty-fourand 48 hours after the transfection, the distribution of cellular green fluorescence wasoberved under the inverted phase contrast fluorescence microseope; the expression rate ofgreen fluorescence was measured by flow cytometry; the expression of sFlt-1(2-4) mRNA andthe protein was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) andWestern blot; the growth of the cells was observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)colorimetry and the relative growth rate (RGR) of the cells in each group wasealeulated; the cellular apoptosis in each group was detected by Hoechst staining. ResultsThe sequence of sFlt-1(2-4) gene was equal to 915 base pair (bp). The transfection ratewas 45 % in nanoparticle group and 21% in lipofectamine group; the difference between thetwo groups was significant (t = 2. 541, P 0. 05);the RGR in lipofectamine group differed much from that in nontransfected and nanoparticlegroup (t= 2. 412,2. 545; P 0. 05), butsignificant between nanoparticle and lipofectamine group (t= 2. 236, P<0.05).Conclusion The transfection rate of sFlt-1(2-4) mediated by carboxymethylated dextrancoated nanoparticle was higher than that mediated by lipofectamineTM 2000.

Key words: 
Glucans;  Nanoparticles;  Liposomes;  Gene transfer techniques; Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1
Cellular and Molecular Events Associated with the Bone-Protecting Activity of the Noncalcemic Vitamin D Analog Ro-26-9228 in Osteopenic Rats (2002)

We have examined several analogs of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)] in an animal model of osteoporosis (ovariectomized rats) to identify a compound with a greater therapeutic range than 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) for treatment of this bone disease. Here, we report that one analog, Ro-26-9228, had a bone-protecting effect but did not induce hypercalcemia at a wide concentration range. Analysis of biochemical markers and the bone histomorphometry of analog-treated rats suggested that Ro-26-9228 acted by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing the number of differentiated osteoblasts. To determine the basis for the segregation between hypercalcemia and bone-protecting action, we examined gene expression in tissues that regulate calcium homeostasis. We found that 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) induced 24-hydroxylase mRNA expression in the duodena of ovariectomized rats, but Ro-26-9228 did not. Furthermore, in the duodena of intact animals, 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) induced a significant increase in calbindin D 9K and plasma membrane calcium pump 1 mRNAs, but Ro-26-9228 had no effect on these mRNAs. On the other hand, the osteoblast-specific gene products osteocalcin and osteopontin were significantly up-regulated in trabecular bone by both the natural hormone and Ro-26-9228. Further investigation of gene-regulatory events in trabecular bone revealed that both 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) and Ro-26-9228 up-regulated TGF beta1 and beta2 mRNAs. We concluded that the unique properties of Ro-26-9228 include preferential gene regulation in osteoblasts over duodenum and effective induction of growth factors in bone.
Modification of end‐groups of aliphatic hyperbranched polyester (2004)

Abstract Aliphatic hyperbranched polyester (P1) synthesized from 2,2‐bis(methylol)propionic acid and tris(methylol)propane was reacted with phthalic anhydride and trimellitic anhydride to form modified polymers P2 and P3, respectively. The reaction kinetics and the effect of different end‐groups on the polymer properties were studied. Contrast to P1, both P2 and P3 could form global aggregates in dimethylformamide/water mixture due to their amphiphilic structures. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.