gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Ca <sup>2+</sup> Activation and Inactivation Sites on the Luminal Side of the Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor Complex (2000)

We have used tryptic digestion to determine whether Ca(2+) can regulate cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR) channel gating from within the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) or whether Ca(2+) must first flow through the channel and act via cytosolically located binding sites. Cardiac RyRs were incorporated into bilayers, and trypsin was applied to the luminal side of the bilayer. We found that before exposure to luminal trypsin, the open probability of RyR was increased by raising the luminal [Ca(2+)] from 10 micromol/L to 1 mmol/L, whereas after luminal trypsin exposure, increasing the luminal [Ca(2+)] reduced the open probability. The modification in the response of RyRs to luminal Ca(2+) was not observed with heat-inactivated trypsin, indicating that digestion of luminal sites on the RyR channel complex was responsible. Our results provide strong evidence for the presence of luminally located Ca(2+) activation and inhibition sites and indicate that trypsin digestion leads to selective damage to luminal Ca(2+) activation sites without affecting luminal Ca(2+) inactivation sites. We suggest that changes in luminal [Ca(2+)] will be able to regulate RyR channel gating from within the SR lumen, therefore providing a second Ca(2+)-regulatory effect on RyR channel gating in addition to that of cytosolic Ca(2+). This luminal Ca(2+)-regulatory mechanism is likely to be an important contributing factor in the potentiation of SR Ca(2+) release that is observed in cardiac cells in response to increases in intra-SR [Ca(2+)].
Excitation of an atmospheric-pressure CO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;-N&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;-He laser by capacitor discharges (1971)

The design of a new type of atmospheric pressure CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -He laser capable of producing 1.2-J infrared light pulses with a peak power of 0.5 MW is described. An investigation of the laser output dependence on gas flow, gas mixture, capacitor voltage, output coupling reflectivity, and electrode spacing was made. It is shown that even greater energies and powers should be possible at higher voltages and larger electrode gaps.
Dual Phase Separation for Synthesis of Bimodal Meso-/Macroporous Carbon Monoliths (2009)

Polymerization-induced spinodal decomposition was conducted in glycolic solutions of phloroglucinol/formaldehyde copolymer and poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(propylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO−PPO−PEO) to synthesize bicontinuous macroporous morphologies with microdomains from 0.5 to 6 μm. The polymeric materials were further carbonized at elevated temperature to yield bimodal meso-/macroporous carbon monoliths after the thermal decomposition of the PEO−PPO−PEO template. The bimodal porous nature of the resultant carbon monoliths was derived from the dual phase separation in which spinodal decomposition and microphase separation occurred simultaneously. We demonstrated the tunability of macropores without alteration of mesopore sizes.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of the Epothilone Sagopilone - From Research to Development (2012)

We describe our successful efforts for the translation of our research strategy that was focused on a broad structural modification of the natural product epothilone B, to the production of the distinct drug candidate sagopilone in a kg scale. By a direct comparison of the research and development procedures we address some important aspects to be considered for an up-scaling process. 1 Introduction and Concept 2 Preparation of Building Block A 2.1 Research Sequence A1––A3–A4–A5–A6–A7–A8–A9– A10–(A12–)A13 2.2 Development Sequence A11–A12–A13 3 Preparation of Building Block B 3.1 Research Sequence B1–B2–B3–B4–(B6–B7)–B9–B10 3.2 Development Sequence B1–B2–B3–B4–B5–B8–B10 4 Preparation of Building Block C 4.1 Research Sequence C1–C2–C3–C4–C6–C7–C9–C10–C11–C12 4.2 Development Sequence C1–C2–C5–C8–C9–C10–C11–C12 5 Preparation of Building Block BC 5.1 Research 5.2 Development 6 Preparation of the Final Sequence ABC 6.1 Research 6.2 Development 7 Summary
Thin Hf<sub><i>x</i></sub>Zr<sub>1‐<i>x</i></sub>O<sub>2</sub> Films: A New Lead‐Free System for Electrostatic Supercapacitors with Large Energy Storage Density and Robust Thermal Stability (2014)

The promising energy storage properties of new lead-free antiferroelectric HfxZr1-xO2 (x = 0.1–0.4) films with high energy storage density are reported. The energy storage density of the Hf0.3Zr0.7O2 capacitor does not decrease with the increase in temperature up to 175 °C, and it decreases by only ≈4.5% after field cycling 109 times.
Prediction of the stability of DNA triplexes. (1996)

We present rules that allow one to predict the stability of DNA pyrimidine.purine.pyrimidine (Y.R.Y) triple helices on the basis of the sequence. The rules were derived from van't Hoff analysis of 23 oligonucleotide triplexes tested at a variety of pH values. To predict the enthalpy of triplex formation (delta H degrees), a simple nearest-neighbor model was found to be sufficient. However, to accurately predict the free energy of the triplex (delta G degrees), a combination model consisting of five parameters was needed. These parameters were (i) the delta G degrees for helix initiation, (ii) the delta G degrees for adding a T-A.T triple, (iii) the delta G degrees for adding a C(+)-G.C triple, (iv) the penalty for adjacent C bases, and (v) the pH dependence of the C(+)-G.C triple's stability. The fitted parameters are highly consistent with thermodynamic data from the basis set, generally predicting both delta H degrees and delta G degrees to within the experimental error. Examination of the parameters points out several interesting features. The combination model predicts that C(+) -G.C. triples are much more stabilizing than T-A.T triples below pH 7.0 and that the stability of the former increases approximately equal to 1 kcal/mol per pH unit as the pH is decreased. Surprisingly though, the most stable sequence is predicted to be a CT repeat, as adjacent C bases partially cancel the stability of one another. The parameters successfully predict tm values from other laboratories, with some interesting exceptions.
Multivalent iminosugars to modulate affinity and selectivity for glycosidases (2008)

A series of mono-, di- and tri-valent iminosugars based on oligoethylene scaffolds and N-substituted deoxynojirymicin epitopes have been synthesized by "click chemistry" to study the effect of multivalency on glycosidase inhibition. Biological evaluation evidenced differences in the inhibition trends as a function of the enzyme nature. The results demonstrate that multivalency can be used in some case to modulate both the affinity and the selectivity of glycosidase inhibition.
Discovery of 2-Aminothiazole-4-carboxamides, a Novel Class of Muscarinic M3 Selective Antagonists, through Solution-Phase Parallel Synthesis (2005)

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a new class of muscarinic M(3) selective antagonists were described. In the course of searching for a muscarinic M(3) antagonist with a structure distinct from those of the 2-(4,4-difluorocyclopentyl)-2-phenylacetamide derivatives, we identified a thiazole-4-carboxamide derivative (1) as a lead compound in our in-house chemical collection. Since this compound (1) showed relatively low binding affinity (K(i)=140 nM) for M(3) receptors in the human binding assays, we tried to improve its potency and selectivity for M(3) over M(1) and M(2) receptors by derivatization of 1 through a combinatorial approach. A solution-phase parallel synthesis effectively contributed to the optimization of each segment of 1. Thus, we have identified a cyclooctenylmethyl derivative (3e) and a cyclononenylmethyl derivative (3f) as representative M(3) selective antagonists in this class.
A Novel Type of Tri-Colour Light-Emitting-Diode-Based Spectrometric Detector for Low-Budget Flow-Injection Analysis (2007)

In this paper we describe a low-cost spectrometric detector that can be easily assembled in a laboratory for less than €80 with a minimal number of optical components and which has proved sensitive and flexible enough for real-life applications. The starting point for the idea to construct this small, compact low-cost spectrometric detector was the decision to use a tri-colour light-emitting diode (LED) of the red-green-blue (RGB) type as a light source with the objective of achieving some flexibility in the selection of the wavelength (430 nm, 565 nm, 625 nm) but avoiding the use of optical fibres. Due to the dislocation of the emitters of the different coloured light, the tri-colour LED-based detector required an optical geometry that differs from those that are described in literature. The proposed novel geometry, with a coil-type glass flow-through cell with up to four ascending turns, proved useful and fit for the purpose. The simplicity of the device means it requires a minimal number of optical components, i.e., only a tri-colour LED and a photoresistor. In order to make a flow-injection analysis (FIA) with the spectrometric detector even more accessible for those with a limited budget, we additionally describe a low-cost simplified syringe-pump- based FIA set-up (€625), the assembling of which requires no more than basic technical facilities. We used such a set-up to test the performance of the proposed spectrometric detector for flow-injection analyses. The tests proved its suitability for real-life applications. The design procedures are also described.
Low temperature reforming of methane to synthesis gas with direct current pulse discharge method (2001)

Synthesis gas was produced by pulsed irradiation of electrons on a mixture of CH4 and CO2 (or H2O) at low temperature and atmospheric pressure without catalysts; especially in the CO2 reforming reaction, the H2∶CO ratio could be controlled and depended on the concentration of CO2 in the feed gas.
Adriamycin-cyclophosphamide and adriamycin-cis-dichloro-diammineplatinum(II) combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer. (1977)

Patients with a wide variety of previously treated, advanced solid tumors were assigned to receive either adriamycin-cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-platinum) or adriamycin-cyclophosphamide as combination chemotherapy. Hematologic toxicity was prominent but short-lived in most patients; renal toxicity occurred in 14 of 23 patients receiving cis-platinum and frequently precluded further administration of that agent. Of the patients receiving adriamycin-cis-platinum, 37.5% had useful responses, with four of six patients with bronchogenic carcinomas showing partial regression of disease and two patients with embryonal cell carcinoma of the testes showing complete response. In the patients receiving adriamycin-cyclophosphamide, one complete response occurred in a patient with a malignant lymphoma, and the overall response rate was 18%. The combination of adriamycin-cis-platinum merits further study, especially in bronchogenic carcinoma.
Pragmatic Issues in Failure Handling and Coordinated Execution of Workflows in Distributed Workflow Control Architectures (1998)

Recently there has been an increasing interest in workflow correctness and failure handling requirements, mostly in the context of centralized workflow control architectures. Centralized workflow control however suffers from reliability and scalability problems due to the use of a central engine to manage state information of all workflows in progress. A distributed workflow control architecture on the other hand offers much better reliability and scalability. However, developing mechanisms for handling correctness and failure requirements for distributed workflow control requires careful consideration of a number of pragmatic issues. In this paper we discuss some of these issues based on the experience gained while designing a rule-based prototype distributed workflow management system. Agents in distributed workflow control are responsible for both step execution and managing workflow state information. We first classify agents into different types and discuss the functionality to be provided by each type of agent. We then discuss how events are to be propagated between the agents as efficiently as possible while still satisfying the failure handling and coordinated execution requirements. Finally, we present a detailed discussion on performance issues. We analyze the performance of a distributed workflow control system during normal execution and when special correctness/failure handling requirements are to be satisfied. We also compare and contrast the performance of a distributed workflow control architecture with respect to central and parallel workflow control architectures.
A Reevaluation of Aspirin Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis (1993)

Aspirin therapy, in doses commonly employed in practice, has an excellent safety profile in rheumatoid arthritis, and it is the least costly NSAID. The safety advantage is explained primarily by a dose effect and secondarily by possible differences between formulations. Newer management strategies for rheumatoid arthritis emphasize NSAID use as symptomatic therapy and use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug therapy for anti-inflammatory objectives. Thus, the original recommendation for "anti-inflammatory" doses of aspirin now is less easily justified. Aspirin therapy merits reconsideration as adjunctive therapy for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Evaluation of Dust Generated from Basic Oxygen Furnace Steel Making (1997)

A detailed characterization has been made of the dust generated during steel making in basic oxygen furnaces (BOF).Chemical composition and particle size distribution have been analyzed.X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe micro-analysis techniques have been used to identify the morphology and the nature of the major iron-bearing phases as well as the gangue constituents.The dust characteristics have been found to be widely different, depending on the type of process used in BOF steel making, namely, suppressed combustion or total combustion.The type of dust abatement system (dry or wet) additionally influences the nature of the gangue constituents.The possibility of utilizing the iron-bearing major phases has been examined.
Octahedral-Tetrahedral Coordination Equilibria of Nickel(II) and Copper(II) in Concentrated Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOctahedral-Tetrahedral Coordination Equilibria of Nickel(II) and Copper(II) in Concentrated Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions1C. A. Angell and D. M. GruenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 22, 5192–5198Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00974a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00974a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views597Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface acoustic wave modulation on a partially closed fatigue crack (2004)

A quantitative study of the low-frequency parametric modulation of a pulsed surface acoustic wave (SAW) by a partially closed fatigue crack is described. In situ ultrasonic measurements were performed during a fatigue test for different crack lengths and static opening loads. The crack is initiated in the plastic-yielding zone induced by a surface cavity, and clamped due to the constraint of the surrounding elastic medium. Small periodic loading, superimposed on a static crack-opening load, changes the open crack segment length and/or the crack interfacial condition producing nonlinear modulation of the reflected ultrasonic pulses. The modulation spectrum is related quantitatively to the crack length and to the crack opening–closure behavior. It is demonstrated that the application of a small static crack-opening load with the modulation load could considerably enhance crack detectability. The increase of the second modulation harmonic is pronounced when the crack is nearly closed and when it is nearly open. Also, it is observed that the maximum modulation occurs at different static opening loads depending on the crack length relative to the plastic-yielding zone size. A low-frequency scattering model is presented based on the mechanism of modulation of the open/close segment length of the partially opened crack. The modeling results compare favorably with experiment.
Cancer stem cell antigen-based vaccines: the preferred strategy for active specific immunotherapy of metastatic melanoma? (2013)

Immune responses directed toward the unique neoantigens and stem cell antigens expressed on continuously proliferating, self-renewing, autologous tumor cells could potentially overcome the limitations inherent in these other antigen-based approaches, that to date, have yielded disappointing results in randomized trials.
Can Born Approximate the Unborn? A New Validity Criterion for the Born Approximation in Microscopic Imaging (2007)

The Nomarski differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy is of widespread use for observing live biological specimens. In fertility clinics the DIC microscope is used for evaluating human embryo cells. An image formation model for DIC imaging is needed for reconstruction and quantification of the visualized specimens. This calls for a complicated analysis of the interaction of light waves with biological matter. Most works express the solution via the first Born approximation, yet a theoretical bound is known that limits the validity of such approximation to very small objects. We show in this work that the theoretical bound is not directly relevant to microscopic imaging and is far too limiting. We derive a more realistic bound and show that it may justify in many cases the use of the Born approximation in biological cell microscopic imaging. It also provides limits on the validity of the Born expansion that several works violate.
Multidomain ultrasonic transducers (2008)

A different class of high frequency ultrasonic transducers is theoretically considered and experimentally demonstrated. This transducer generates plane longitudinal waves using a two-dimensional structure of inversely poled ferroelectric domains. The crystalline ferroelectric wafer from which the transducer is fabricated is bounded along the plate thickness, and the ferroelectric multidomain system has its dimension along the plate length. Possible applications include medical imaging, nondestructive testing, and improved acoustic microscopy for use both in biological and physical sciences. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations are in good agreement.
Performance improvement of wideband EDFA by ASE injection from C band to L band amplifier (1999)

We propose a novel structure for an wideband EDFA, which use backward amplified spontaneous emission from the C-band EDFA as the injection seed source for the L-band amplifier. Experimental results show gain and noise figure improvement over 2.6 dB and 0.6 dB respectively for the L-band EDFA at -3.5 dBm input signal, with negligible crosstalk between the amplifiers.
Ferroelectric memory: on the brink of breaking through (2001)

With a memory-cell size comparable to that of a DRAM memory cell and a manufacturing process similar to that of a stacked high-density DRAM, it can be expected that the ferroelectric technology will leverage off DRAMs and leap frog to higher memory densities. Cost analysis projects cost competitiveness with flash memory and EEPROM. Ferroelectric memory technology has been shown to have reliability levels comparable to or better than other reprogrammable nonvolatile semiconductor memories. High levels of radiation hardness make these memories suitable for near and deep-space applications. Many large semiconductor companies have substantial efforts to develop and introduce ferroelectric memories into the market.
Large scale ad latency analysis (2013)

Late web display advertisements are problematic for both the user experience and the monetary machinery powering the display advertising industry. If a web page is delivered to a user but the ad fails to load in time, the publisher cannot charge the advertiser for that impression. Detecting whether a specific ad will render in time could give the publisher a choice to show that ad or another one. Further, discovering the root causes of latency, possibly over time as new violators emerge, would allow the publisher to address the actionable issues. We propose a system that predicts, at serve time, which ads are likely to have high latency. Once identified we can either ignore those ads, even if they win the auction, or apply a penalty to those ads. In addition, our system collects the daily impression logs, consisting of different types of observations measured at serve time and the associated latency in milliseconds, and analyzes the data to identify the features associated with late ads and likely to be causing the delay.
Induction of Precocious Adult Eclosion by the Eclosion Hormone Extracted from the Heads of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera : Bombycidae) and Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera : Saturniidae) (1983)

In order to compare the eclosion hormone activity between two different species of lepidoptera, eclosion hormmone (EH) extracted from adult heads of Bombyx mori or Samia cynthia ricini was subjected to the bioassay to induce precocious adult eclosion. By performing reciprocal injection of the EH in both species, the authors demonstrated that Bombyx crude EH can induce the precocious eclosion of the pharate-adult of the Samia, while Samia crude EH has the same effect to the pharate adults of Bombyx. The hormonal activities were not reduced throughout the several purification steps in both cases. Necessary amount of EH to induce the precocious eclosion in more than 50% of the assayed pharate-adults of Bombyx mori was equivalent to 3 heads in Bombyx and dquivalent to 2.5 heads in Samia. The results may suggest that eclosion hormone is not species-specific, so far as two lepidopteran species used in the present experiments are concerned.