gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OATP-C(OATP01B1)*15 is associated with statin-induced myopathy in hypercholesterolemic patients (2005)

Background Statins are associated with muscle complaints ranging from myalgia to rhabdomyolysis. We studied the genetic contribution to the risk of the statin-induced myopathy by comparing frequencies of mutant alleles of candidate genes in case and control groups. Methods We studied ten Japanese patients with abnormal increase in plasma creatinine kinase or severe muscle complaints, in comparison with control patients (n=26) who received statins but had no myopathy. DNA samples were genotyped for 152 SNPs/mutations in eight candidate genes selected from genes responsible for inherited rhabdomyolysis and those involved in the metabolism or transport of stains. Results No mutations or SNPs were detected in the genes of inherited rhabdomyolysis except for 128G>A in VLCAD, of which frequency was almost the same as that of the controls. For CYP3A4 and MRP2, one and two SNPs were detected respectively, but there was no significant difference between the groups. However, we found a significant association between OATP-C*15 and pravastatin- or atorvastatin-induced myopathy (P<0.01). An odds ratio of 11.3 (95%CI=1.6–80.3, P<0.05) was obtained when the possession of one or more OATP-C*15 was compared. In addition, an association between 2677G>A in MDR1 and simvastatin- or atorvastatin-incuced myopathy was also observed (P<0.05). Conclusions The results suggest that OATP-C*15 is one of the susceptible factors for development of myopathy in patients taking pravastatin or atorvastatin. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P21–P21; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.11.081
Precise Condition Synthesis for Program Repair (2017)

Due to the difficulty of repairing defect, many research efforts have been devoted into automatic defect repair. Given a buggy program that fails some test cases, a typical automatic repair technique tries to modify the program to make all tests pass. However, since the test suites in real world projects are usually insufficient, aiming at passing the test suites often leads to incorrect patches. This problem is known as weak test suites or overfitting. In this paper we aim to produce precise patches, that is, any patch we produce has a relatively high probability to be correct. More concretely, we focus on condition synthesis, which was shown to be able to repair more than half of the defects in existing approaches. Our key insight is threefold. First, it is important to know what variables in a local context should be used in an "if" condition, and we propose a sorting method based on the dependency relations between variables. Second, we observe that the API document can be used to guide the repair process, and propose document analysis technique to further filter the variables. Third, it is important to know what predicates should be performed on the set of variables, and we propose to mine a set of frequently used predicates in similar contexts from existing projects. Based on the insight, we develop a novel program repair system, ACS, that could generate precise conditions at faulty locations. Furthermore, given the generated conditions are very precise, we can perform a repair operation that is previously deemed to be too overfitting: directly returning the test oracle to repair the defect. Using our approach, we successfully repaired 18 defects on four projects of Defects4J, which is the largest number of fully automatically repaired defects reported on the dataset so far. More importantly, the precision of our approach in the evaluation is 78.3%, which is significantly higher than previous approaches, which are usually less than 40%.
Interference-aware prioritized spectrum scheduling for MB-OFDM systems (2010)

In this paper, we investigate the spectrum scheduling problem for next generation multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB) systems under QoS and interference constraints. Based on a constrained optimization problem formulation, we propose a cross-layer scheduling solution that takes into account the unlicensed UWB users channel and QoS conditions as well as the interference impact on primary users sharing the same bandwidth. The cross-layer scheduling scheme is based on a priority approach that gives advantage to users having strict QoS requirements while avoiding or reducing the interference effect on primary users. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme in terms of QoS support and interference reduction.
Two allele-specific PCR assays for screening epidermal growth factor receptor gene hotspot mutations in lung adenocarcinoma (2008)

In patients with non-small cell lung cancer, mutations in the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with improved response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as gefitinib or erlotinib and prolonged survival. Two hotspot mutations located in exons 19 and 21 account for approximately 90% of EGFR mutations reported to date in lung adenocarcinoma. A Bi-PASA (bidirectional PCR amplification of specific alleles) assay for detecting the exon 19 deletion (codons 746-750) and an allele-specific PCR assay for the EGFR hotspot mutation L858R in exon 21 were designed. The assays were validated in normal control samples and in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines containing the mutation. The three-primer assay for the exon 21 point mutation and the four-primer assay for the exon 19 deletion were able to specifically discriminate wild-type and mutant DNA. The primer specificity was confirmed by genomic sequencing. The allele-specific PCR assays are fast and easy to perform in any routine PCR laboratory and no special equipment other than thermocyclers is required. They provide rapid, sensitive and cost-effective EGFR testing as part of standard lung cancer management for identifying patients who might clinically benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The Bi-PASA assay proved to be a suitable method to detect small deletions. Strategies in designing allele-specific primers described herein can be adapted to other screening assays for point mutations and small deletions.
Capeus: An Architecture for Context-aware Selection and Execution of Services (2005)

This paper introduces a comprehensive framework that allows mobile users to access a variety of services provided by their current environment (e.g. print services). Novel to our approach is that selection and execution of services takes into account the user’s current context. Instead of being harassed by useless activities as service browsing or configuration issues, environmental services get seamlessly aligned to the user’s present task. Thus, the challenge is to develop a new service framework that fulfils these demands. The paper proposes a document-based approach; so called Context-Aware Packets (CAPs) contain context constraints and data for describing an entire service request. The core framework, Context-Aware Packets Enabling Ubiquitous Services (CAPEUS), reverts to CAPs for realising context-aware selection and execution of services.
Correlation of Capillary Number Relationships for Sandstone (1984)

Abstract Capillary number relationships are presented for displacement of both residual and initially continuous oil from water-wet consolidated sandstones having permeabilities that varied over about two orders of magnitude. It was found that the critical displacement ratio, (ΔP/Lσ)cr, for the onset of mobilization could be correlated with sample permeability. Relationships between normalized reduced residual oil saturation and capillary number (taken as kwΔP/Lσ) also were correlated satisfactorily. For sandstones, capillary numbers for displacement of continuous oil were lower than values for mobilization of discontinuous oil for down to 50% of normal waterflood residual. Thereafter, capillary number relationships for the two types of displacement were indistinguishable. Conditions for complete recovery of residual oil correspond to values of (kwΔP/Lσ) of about 1.5 × 10−3 as compared with about 2 × 10−5 for onset of mobilization.
BASIC STUDIES OF CHEMICAL STABILITY IN EXTRACTION SYSTEMS. I. THE EFFECT OF ZIRCONIUM NITRATE AND NITRIC ACID UPON THE CHEMICAL STABILITY OF TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE (1961)

The effect of extracted zirconium and nitric acid upon the chemical stability of tributyl phosphate was investigated using gas-liquid chromatography. Tributyl phosphate was degraded approximately 1000 times faster by the tributyl phosphate-zirconium reaction than by the tributyl phosphatenitric acid reaction. Normal butyl nitrate was the major volatile product for both systems studied; with extracted zirconium a solid complex corresponding to the formula Zr(NO/sub 3/ )/sub 2/(DBP)/sub 2/ was also obtained. (auth)
In situ Quality Assessment of a Novel Underwater pCO2 Sensor Based on Membrane Equilibration and NDIR Spectrometry (2013)

Abstract This paper presents a detailed quality assessment of a novel underwater sensor for the measurement of CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) based on surface water field deployments carried out between 2008 and 2011. The commercially available sensor, which is based on membrane equilibration and nondispersive IR (NDIR) spectrometry is small and can be integrated into mobile platforms. It is calibrated in water against a proven flow-through pCO2 instrument within a custom-built calibration setup. The aspect of highest concern with respect to achievable data quality of the sensor is the compensation for signal drift inevitably connected to absorption measurements. Three means are used to correct for drift effects: (i) a filter correlation or dual-beam setup, (ii) regular zero gas measurements realized automatically within the sensor, and (iii) a zero-based transformation of two sensor calibrations flanking the time of sensor deployment. Three sensors were tested against an underway pCO2 system during two major research cruises, providing an in situ temperature range from 7.4° to 30.1°C and pCO2 values between 289 and 445 μatm. The average difference between sensor and reference pCO2 was found to be −0.6 ±3.0 μatm with an RMSE of 3.7 μatm.
Lymphotoxin production by subsets of T cells. (1980)

Lymphotoxin is produced by T cells sensitized to antigen upon re-exposure in vitro. It is also elicited by mitogen treatment. Its production has been correlated with delayed-type hypersensitivity and it may be a mediator of that phenomenon. We have examined the Ly phenotype of the subset(s) of T cells that produce lymphotoxin in order to investigate the relationship of lymphotokin killing to allo-killing mediated by Ly2+ T cells. We have found that Ly1 T cells sensitized to ovalbumin secrete more lymphotoxin than Ly2 cells. The ovalbumin-sensitized T cells do not lyse their target in a short term 51Cr-release assay even when "glued" to the target with Con A. Thus, lymphotoxin-producing cells differ phenotypically from the previously defined cytotoxic T cells that bear the Ly2 differentiation marker.
Seismic Response Evaluation of Unbonded Post-Tensioned Precast Walls (2002)

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Stabilization of Highly Conductive Lithium Argyrodites by Means of Lithium Substitution: The Case of Li <sub>6</sub> Fe <sub>0.5</sub> PS <sub>6</sub> (2019)

Abstract All‐solid‐state‐batteries (ASSB) are promising candidates for next generation lithium batteries providing high energy density and safety levels. Their success crucially depends on the properties of the available solid electrolyte materials, ideally offering sufficient conductivities in combination with stability against decomposition over a large electrochemical window. Therefore, the search for solid electrolytes with novel compositions remains of high interest. In this work we present a strategy to stabilize highly conductive lithium argyrodites by means of lithium substitution. This is different from the previously described possibilities to obtain stable structures by either substituting phosphorous or sulfide anions in the parent compound Li 7 PS 6 . This approach offers access to a new array of solid electrolyte candidates with an argyrodite‐type crystal structure. Conductivities of up to 1.4⋅10 −4 S/cm can be obtained for Fe‐substituted materials of general composition Li 7‐2x Fe x PS 6 .
Special Session: Delay Fault Testing - Present and Future (2019)

This article presents a brief survey of digital delay fault testing, which lists 100+ references on fault models, simulators, ATPG, DFT, and tools. Continuing studies are needed in this maturing field for new technologies, signal integrity, process variations, faster than critical path operation, asynchronous circuits, counterfeit ICs, and hardware Trojans. This information is compiled to provide direction to students, practicing engineers, and researchers alike.
A Relay-Aided Media Access (RAMA) Protocol in Multirate Wireless Networks (2006)

The IEEE 802.11 standard inherently supports multiple data rates at the physical layer. Various rate adaptation mechanisms have been proposed to exploit this multirate capability by automatically adapting the transmission rate to best utilize the wireless spectrum. This study is primarily motivated by the observation that in a wireless network, a multihop high-rate path can potentially achieve better throughput and delay than using a single-hop low-rate path for transmission. Specifically, this paper introduces a relay-aided media access (RAMA) protocol by taking advantage of the existence of such multihop high-rate links. This is demonstrated by replacing one low-rate link with two high-rate links using a relay node. One of the key novelties in the proposed RAMA protocol is that the transmission from the immediate relay node to the destination node is free of contention. Results from analysis and simulations show that RAMA can significantly improve performances in terms of both throughput and delay.
Do Sacred Cows Make the Best Hamburgers? The Legal Regulation of Religious Slaughter of Animals (2011)

There is now a significant body of literature demonstrating the close link between religious beliefs and the choices consumers make in their purchasing decisions. Studies into the relationship between religion and consumer preferences also demonstrate the formative role that religion plays in influencing the choice of food consumption. Despite recent and more sophisticated scientific studies suggesting that animals experience more pain when slaughtered by religious ritual, the practice is not likely to be prohibited. Although there is a general movement in Western societies toward increased recognition of animal interests and welfare, there is no philosophical consensus attributing sufficient weight to the interests of animals that would outweigh human rights claims recognised through freedom of religious practice.
Optimized culture conditions for bacteriocin production by Pediococcus acidilactici LAB 5 and its characterization. (2008)

A strain of Pediococcus acidilactici LAB 5 was isolated from vacuum-packed fermented meat product, in order to obtain a novel bacteriocin from food-grade organisms. Optimized culture conditions for bacteriocin production in different media (viz., MRS, TGE, TGE + buffer, TGE + Tween 80, and TGE + Tween 80 + buffer) and at different temperatures and pH conditions were reported. TGE + Tween 80 + buffer medium was found to be most effective for bacteriocin production (about 2400 AU/ml) by this strain, when incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Bacteriocin, partially purified by adsorption-desorption method showed molecular mass of 10.3 kDa and produced prominent inhibition zone in activity gel. It showed significant storage stability both at high as well as in low temperatures for up to 6 months and retained its activity in a number of organic solvents, except in 2-mercaptoethanol. The treatment with amylase and lysozyme did not change its activity, but it lost its activity on proteinase K treatment. Antibacterial efficacy of bacteriocin was proved against some food spoilage and human pathogenic bacteria like Enterococcus, Leuconostoc, Listeria, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus.
Excitonic Behavior of Rhodamine Dimers:  A Single-Molecule Study (2002)

The optical behavior of a dimer of tetramethylrhodamine-5-isothiocyanate has been investigated by means of single-molecule measurements. Bulk absorption and fluorescence spectra show the existence of two populations of the dimer molecule that exhibit distinct excitonic interactions (strong and weak coupling). Fluorescence confocal scanning microscopy has been employed to analyze the behavior of the weakly coupled dimers at the single-molecule level. Stepwise photodamage and collective on/off behavior have been observed in real-time fluorescence trajectories of the dimer. By polarization-sensitive detection, we distinguished between two conformationally different subpopulations within the weakly interacting dimers. Correlation between the fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime of the dimer recorded in time has revealed the competition between photobleaching and trap formation as photodamaging processes of the chromophores in the dimer. The results obtained demonstrate the capability of single-molecule techniques to provide detailed insight into the exciton dynamics in multichromophoric systems, which is a key point in understanding the behavior of relevant natural aggregates and, eventually, in allowing for a rational design of molecular photonic devices.
Income, health and nutrition activities: examples from women's groups in Kenya. (1987)

The accomplishments of 4 Kenyan women's groups, sponsored by seed grants of $2000-5000 from Center for Development and Population Activities (CEDPA) since 1982, are summarized. CEDPA provides professional management training and coordinates alumni groups, as well as grants for community projects in family planning, health and community development. Forty women from Ngamani started a project to sell floormats, raised vegetables, received a grant to raise poultry, and opened a nutrition clinic. In Kibuyuni women use profits from chickens, goats and vegetables, and milling grain to build a primary school, a health dispensary and a general store. With CEDPA funds, they stocked the store and furnished the clinic. Proceeds pay a health worker's salary. They have sponsored another women's group, which is building a bakery and managing dairy cows. The Makiwo women's group, with money from their craft business, built a multi-purpose community center for health, family planning services and reading classes. A CEDPA grant funded a charcoal business and a profitable water system built by the women, providing a salaried health educator. A women's group in Chonyi began raising cattle. A CEDPA graduate helped them to set a goal to reduce infant mortality. They started a training class for young mothers in techniques of nutrition, home economics, family planning and hygiene, such as growing vegetables an building latrines. Evaluation has shown that successful projects are based on previous work, strong links with other organizations, and entail a long-term process. Women's organizations can deliver results with some training, supervision and technical assistance, but minimal cost.
lDirect Stimulation of Bone Resorption by Epidermal Growth Factor* (1980)

Epidermal growth factor, isolated from mouse submaxillary glands (mEGF) and human urine (hEGF; urogastrone), and fibroblast growth (FGF) have been tested for their effect on bone resorption by measuring the release of previously incorporated 45Ca from cultured fetal rat long bone shafts. mEGF produced significant but slow stimulation of bone resorption which was maximal at 30 ng/ml and was not blocked by indomethacin, flufenamic acid, or R0 20-5720, structurally unrelated inhibitors of prostaglandins synthesis. mEGF increased thymidine incorporation in long bones at 1 ng/ml, a concentration which did not stimulate resorption. hEGF at 3-30 ng/ml produced a more rapid stimulation of resorption, which was also unaffected by inhibition of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase. Neither mEGF nor hEGF increased the concentration of prostaglandin E in the medium after 5 days of culture. FGF failed to stimulate resorption at concentrations of up to 1000 ng/ml. We conclude the EGF, but not FGF, is a direct stimulator of bone resorption. In contrast to the previously reported findings in mouse calvaria, this stimulation is not dependent on prostaglandin synthesis. Since there is abundant hEGF in human urine, this factor could be responsible for the calcium-mobilizing activity recently found in human urine concentrates.
Surface Treatments and Functional Coatings for Biocompatibility Improvement and Bacterial Adhesion Reduction in Dental Implantology (2016)

Surface modification of dental implants is a key process in the production of these medical devices, and especially titanium implants used in the dental practice are commonly subjected to surface modification processes before their clinical use. A wide range of treatments, such as sand blasting, acid etching, plasma etching, plasma spray deposition, sputtering deposition and cathodic arc deposition, have been studied over the years in order to improve the performance of dental implants. Improving or accelerating the osseointegration process is usually the main goal of these surface processes, but the improvement of biocompatibility and the prevention of bacterial adhesion are also of considerable importance. In this review, we report on the research of the recent years in the field of surface treatments and coatings deposition for the improvement of dental implants performance, with a main focus on the osseointegration acceleration, the reduction of bacterial adhesion and the improvement of biocompatibility.
On the Interaction between the Quantity and Quality of Children (2012)

The trade-off between quantity and quality is a much-discussed issue in economics. In recent decades, economists have increasingly turned their attention to behavior within families because of its direct implications for such diverse issues such as population growth, intergenerational transfers of wealth, human capital accumulation, and macroeconomic policy. In a pioneering paper written by Gary S. Becker (1960), an economic framework is built by analyzing the factors that determine fertility, in which children are viewed as a durable goods that yield income to parents. Becker maintains that the quality of children is directly related to the amount spent on them, and the number of children desired is directly related to income. Furthermore, many empirical studies performed in the past have demonstrated that quantity and quality of children within a given family often have a negative correlation. Based on this, the Becker and Lewis (1973) paper (that we will present) further explores the interaction between quantity and quality of children. Becker and Lewis explain why the quantity and quality of children are “more closely related than any two commodities chosen at random”(279). An increase in the quantity of children raises the shadow price (marginal cost) of the quality of children (and vice versa) and it demonstrates that the observed income elasticity of demand with respect to quality of children exceeds income elasticity with respect to quantity, while at the same time the observed price elasticity with respect to quantity is greater than price elasticity with respect to quality.
Anomaly detection in network traffic using extreme learning machine (2016)

Intrusion detection systems are one of the most relevant security features against network attacks. Machine learning methods are used to analyze network traffic parameters for the presence of an attack signs. In this paper, extreme learning machine method is considered for intrusion detection in network traffic. The experimental results lead to the conclusion of practical significance of the proposed approach for attacks detection in network traffic.