gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell mixing during the early development of mouse aggregation chimera (1995)

Two different inbred strain combinations of mouse aggregation chimeras - C3H/HeN (H-2k) x C57BL/6N (H-2b) and C3H/HeN x BALB/cA (H-2d) were used for cell mixing analysis at two points in time - 24 h after aggregation (just prior to transplantation into foster mothers) and 7.5 days post coitum (p.c.). The cell proportion of two H-2 haplotypes at the blastocyst stage was studied using a fluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibody recognizing a C3H-specific alloantigen - CSA (C3H strain-specific antigen) and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The 7.5-day-old chimeras were sectioned and subsequently processed by sensitive biotinylated antibody - avidin peroxidase immunohistochemical technique. Our results showed that 24 h after aggregation (blastocyst stage), there was equal cell mixing and no mouse strain used in the present study was dominant at this time. In 7.5-day-old C3H/HeN x BALB/cA chimeras, cells of both genotypes were intermingled, but the C3H/HeN strain was dominant in all cases. In contrast, the combination C3H/HeN x C57BL/6N clearly showed reduced numbers of C3H/HeN cells (CSA-positive) in 83% of the chimeras evaluated. Generally, CSA positive cells were found only in randomly distributed small distinct areas representing less than 20% of embryonal cells. Surprisingly, the extraembryonal ectoplacental cone was uniformly CSA positive in some C3H/HeN x C57BL/6N chimeras. Furthermore, in 36% of normally implanted chimeras of both strain combinations progressive degeneration was observed. We suggest that the cell mixing pattern as well as the absolute number of cells derived from each strain in the aggregation chimera can be affected by specific immune interactions involving H-2 haplotype combinations of the allogeneic fetus and the fully immunocompetent host organism, at later points in development.
Conductivity of a system of metallic particles dispersed in an insulating medium (1973)

The variation of the conductivity of metal-particle—insulator systems with the volume percent of metal is explained in terms of an ``effective medium'' theory.
Effect of Diethylstilbestrol on Replication and Transformation by Human Herpesviruses (1979)

Human embryo fibroblasts treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) gave rise to slightly increased plaque production by cytomegalovirus (CMV): plaques were also slightly larger in treated cells when compared to those in untreated cultures. There was no significant enhancement of plaque production by herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 in the human cells or in primary rabbit kidney cells treated with DES. Growth analyses of HSV and CMV in DES-treated cells failed to reveal enhancement of virus production when compared to untreated cells. The frequency of biochemical transformation of mouse cells deficient in thymidine kinase (TK) to the TK+ phenotype by HSV was markedly enhanced when cells were pretreated with DES. TK+-transformed colonies arising from DES-treated cells were also larger than those derived from untreated cultures. These reveal that DES increases susceptibility of human cell lines to CMV infection and enhances efficiency of biochemical transformation of mouse cells by HSV.
Samplesort: A Sampling Approach to Minimal Storage Tree Sorting (1970)

The methods currently in use and previously proposed for the choice of a root in minimal storage tree sorting are in reality methods for making inefficient statistical estimates of the median of the sequence to be sorted. By making efficient use of the information in a random sample chosen during input of the sequence to be sorted, significant improvements over ordinary minimal storage tree sorting can be made. A procedure is proposed which is a generalization of minimal storage tree sorting and which has the following three properties: (a) There is a significant improvement (over ordinary minimal storage tree sorting) in the expected number of comparisons required to sort the input sequence. (b) The procedure is statistically insensitive to bias in the input sequence. (c) The expected number of comparisons required by the procedure approaches (slowly) the information-theoretic lower bound on the number of comparisons required. The procedure is, therefore, “asymptotically optimal.”
Delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses to HIV Gag p24 relate to clinical outcome after peptide‐based therapeutic immunization for chronic HIV infection (2011)

Therapeutic immunization in chronic HIV infection aims to induce durable, HIV-specific immune responses capable of controlling disease progression, but immunological correlates of clinical efficacy are poorly defined. We have previously immunized 38 patients with a mixture of four short Gag p24-like conserved peptides (Vacc-4x) targeting skin dendritic cells. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) was initially stopped after completed immunizations and resumed post-protocol during regular clinical follow-up according to current guidelines. Four years after enrolment, Vacc-4x-specific cellular responses were evaluated in vivo by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test, and in vitro by a T-cell proliferation assay. Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimates were used to analyse time until ART was resumed. Peptide-specific cellular immune responses induced by Vacc-4x had persisted 4 years after the last immunization in terms of unchanged DTH independent of ART and detectable proliferative T-cell responses which correlated to the native peptides (R = 0.73, p = 0.01). Circulating bifunctional (IFN-γ and IL-10) Vacc-4x-specific T-cell clones were detected in 43% of patients. Subjects with the strongest post-immunization DTH responses appeared to start ART later compared with DTH low responders (p = 0.07). These data suggest that DTH responses should be further evaluated as a new and convenient tool for predicting clinical efficacy in trials testing therapeutic immunizations.
EGO, a novel, noncoding RNA gene, regulates eosinophil granule protein transcript expression (2007)

Gene expression profiling of early eosinophil development shows increased transcript levels of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, transcription factors, and a novel gene, EGO (eosinophil granule ontogeny). EGO is nested within an intron of the inositol triphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) gene and is conserved at the nucleotide level; however, the largest open reading frame (ORF) is 86 amino acids. Sucrose density gradients show that EGO is not associated with ribosomes and therefore is a noncoding RNA (ncRNA). EGO transcript levels rapidly increase following interleukin-5 (IL-5) stimulation of CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitors. EGO RNA also is highly expressed in human bone marrow and in mature eosinophils. RNA silencing of EGO results in decreased major basic protein (MBP) and eosinophil derived neurotoxin (EDN) mRNA expression in developing CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitors in vitro and in a CD34(+) cell line model. Therefore, EGO is a novel ncRNA gene expressed during eosinophil development and is necessary for normal MBP and EDN transcript expression.
Copolymerization of two new kinds of methacrylate monomers and determination of monomer reactivity ratios (2006)

Abstract New methacrylate monomers 2‐( p ‐methoxyphenoxy)‐2‐oxo‐ethyl methacrylate (pMPOEMA), 2‐( p ‐chlorophenoxy)‐2‐oxo‐ethyl methacrylate (pClPOEMA), and 2‐oxo‐2‐phenylamino ethylene methacrylate (PAMA) were synthesized for the first time. The free‐radical‐initiated copolymerization of pMPOEMA and pClPOEMA with PAMA was carried out in 1,4‐dioxane solution at 65°C using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator with different monomer‐to‐monomer ratios in the feed. The monomers and copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectral studies. The copolymer compositions were evaluated from nitrogen content in polymers. The reactivity ratios of the monomers were determined by applying Fineman–Ross and Kelen–Tüdös methods. The analysis of reactivity ratios revealed that pMPOEMA and pClPOEMA are less reactive than PAMA is, and copolymers formed are statistically in nature. The molecular weights ( M w and M n ) and polydispersity index of the polymers were determined using gel permeation chromatography. Thermogravimetric analysis of the polymers reveals that the thermal stability of the copolymers increases with an increase in the mole fraction of pMPOEMA and pClPOEMA in the copolymers. Glass transition temperatures of the copolymers were found to decrease with an increase in the mole fraction of PAMA in the copolymers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1864–1874, 2006
A novel approach for identifying polyphonic piano signals (1996)

The complexity of polyphonic sound signals and octave errors are the two main difficulties encountered in the identification of piano sounds [Chafe and Jaffe, Proc. ICASSP, Tokyo, 1289–1292 (1986)] [E. R. S. Pearson, Ph.D. thesis, University of Warwick (1991)]. Inharmonicity, which can be important in the case of the piano, is also often an obstacle to the identification of the fundamental frequency. The aim of this paper is to present a spectral identification method which takes advantage of inharmonicity to distinguish notes and avoid octave errors. Two independent steps are required to identify piano notes with this method. First, the distribution of the partials of each note must be determined, and a database containing this information must be, once and for all, created. Then, the notes are identified by comparing the incoming spectrum with the database. Frequential fluctuations on the positions of the partials are allowed during the identification procedure. This method identifies the notes of octaves C1 and B5 and treats monophonic as well as polyphonic signals (two, three, or even four notes played with a comparable hammer velocity).
Contribution of CD54 to human eosinophil and neutrophil superoxide production (2001)

We have reported that CD54 on eosinophils is involved in eosinophil degranulation. However, the role of CD54 in eosinophil and neutrophil superoxide production is still uncertain. We assessed the effect of CD54 on eosinophils and neutrophils in recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF)- or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced superoxide production through CD18. Anti-CD54 monoclonal antibody attenuated leukocyte aggregation and superoxide production of rGM-CSF- or PMA-stimulated neutrophils and PMA-stimulated eosinophils. Anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody or theophylline attenuated superoxide production of eosinophils and neutrophils stimulated by either stimuli. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated CD54 expression on freshly isolated neutrophils but not on freshly isolated eosinophils. CD54 newly expressed on eosinophils reached its peak expression 30 min after PMA stimulation. The increase in CD18 and CD54 expression on neutrophils caused by rGM-CSF stimulation was partially inhibited by theophylline. These data demonstrated that CD54 and CD18 interaction of eosinophils or neutrophils is involved in superoxide production and that the inhibition of superoxide production by theophylline may be at least partly due to the inhibition of CD54 and CD18.
Co-purification and characterization of UDP-glucose 4-epimerase and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase from porcine submaxillary glands. (1983)

UDP-glucose 4-epimerase and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase have been co-purified about 9,000-fold from porcine submaxillary glands by affinity chromatography on UDP-hexanolamine-agarose. The homogeneous epimerase has apparent Mr = 88,000 and contains two subunit species with apparent Mr = 37,000 and 35,000, respectively. The two subunits, however, are indistinguishable as judged by peptide mapping. The purified enzyme catalyzes equally well the reversible reactions UDP-glucose in equilibrium UDP-galactose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine in equilibrium UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine. At saturating substrate concentrations, the ratio of the rate of the former reaction to that of the latter is 1.13 in the forward direction and 0.44 in the backward direction. Both reactions have the same Keq = 0.38 and the same dependence on pH. Moreover, both activities are lost at about the same rate by heat denaturation of the epimerase or reaction with N-ethylmaleimide. Kinetic analysis reveals that the reactants for one reaction are competitive inhibitors of the other reaction, with the Ki values of the inhibitors essentially identical with their Km values as substrates. Taken together, these studies suggest that UDP-glucose 4-epimerase and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase activities reside in a single enzyme.
Kinetics of dense carbon dioxyde extraction on a model system. Comparison with other extraction techniques (1987)

International audience
A Cell Permeable Peptide Inhibitor of NFAT Inhibits Macrophage Cytokine Expression and Ameliorates Experimental Colitis (2012)

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) plays a critical role in the development and function of immune and non-immune cells. Although NFAT is a central transcriptional regulator of T cell cytokines, its role in macrophage specific gene expression is less defined. Previous work from our group demonstrated that NFAT regulates Il12b gene expression in macrophages. Here, we further investigate NFAT function in murine macrophages and determined the effects of a cell permeable NFAT inhibitor peptide 11R-VIVIT on experimental colitis in mice. Treatment of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) with tacrolimus or 11R-VIVIT significantly inhibited LPS and LPS plus IFN-γ induced IL-12 p40 mRNA and protein expression. IL-12 p70 and IL-23 secretion were also decreased. NFAT nuclear translocation and binding to the IL-12 p40 promoter was reduced by NFAT inhibition. Experiments in BMDMs from IL-10 deficient (Il10(-/-)) mice demonstrate that inhibition of IL-12 expression by 11R-VIVIT was independent of IL-10 expression. To test its therapeutic potential, 11R-VIVIT was administered systemically to Il10(-/-) mice with piroxicam-induced colitis. 11R-VIVIT treated mice demonstrated significant improvement in colitis compared to mice treated with an inactive peptide. Moreover, decreased spontaneous secretion of IL-12 p40 and TNF in supernatants from colon explant cultures was demonstrated. In summary, NFAT, widely recognized for its role in T cell biology, also regulates important innate inflammatory pathways in macrophages. Selective blocking of NFAT via a cell permeable inhibitory peptide is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Reversible reaction of dioxygen (and carbon monoxide) with a copper(I) complex. X-ray structures of relevant mononuclear Cu(I) precursor adducts and the trans-(.mu.-1,2-peroxo)dicopper(II) product (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversible reaction of dioxygen (and carbon monoxide) with a copper(I) complex. X-ray structures of relevant mononuclear Cu(I) precursor adducts and the trans-(.mu.-1,2-peroxo)dicopper(II) productZoltan Tyeklar, Richard R. Jacobson, Ning Wei, Narasappa Narasimha Murthy, Jon Zubieta, and Kenneth D. KarlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 7, 2677–2689Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00060a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00060a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5513Altmetric-Citations448LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Monitoring Cellular Metabolism with Fluorescence Lifetime of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (2009)

Formulation of oxidative phosphorylation and its first observation by means of fluorescence spectroscopy in the 1960s led to the acceptance of bioenergetics as a new field of studies. The new discipline grew fast with the increasing number of papers, related to the energy generation in mitochondria, advancement of the instrumentation, and improvement of observation techniques. As such, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has gained popularity as a sensitive technique to monitor the functional/conformational states of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH)—one of the main compounds of oxidative phosphorylation. We hereby review the development and current application of cellular metabolism observation via NADH FLIM, illustrating it with the examples of both physiological (cell density, apoptosis, necrosis) and pathological states (inhibition of the electron transfer chain).
Secondary Antibody Responses in Haptenic Systems: Cell Population Selection by Antigen (1967)

Summary Secondary responses late in the course of immunization may be obtained with DNP conjugated to proteins different from that used for primary immunization. These responses are characterized by a modest increase in serum antibody concentration and by a large increase in affinity for hapten. On the other hand, secondary responses to the immunizing antigen involve a large increase in serum antibody concentration with little or no change in affinity. Secondary responses in rabbits immunized with type III pneumococci may be achieved with purified capsular polysaccharide but only very late in the course of immunization. These results are discussed in terms of a thermodynamically driven selection of sub-populations of sensitive cells by antigen.
Abstract 482: IDH2 Deficiency Induces Oxidative Stress and Vascular Inflammation (2017)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) plays an essential role protecting cells against oxidative stress-induced damage. A deficiency in IDH2 leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. However, the physiological function of IDH2 in vascular system is mostly unknown In this study, we investigated whether IDH2 knockdown causes mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in vitro and in vivo . IDH2 knockdown decreased the expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes I, II and III, which lead to increased mitochondrial superoxide. In addition, the levels of fission and fusion proteins (Mfn-1, OPA-1, and Drp-1) were significantly altered and MnSOD expression also was decreased by IDH2 knockdown. Furthermore, knockdown of IDH2 decreased eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide (NO) concentration in endothelial cells. Interestingly, treatment with Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondrial-specific superoxide scavenger, recovered mitochondrial fission-fusion imbalance and blunted mitochondrial superoxide production, and reduced the IDH2 knockdown-induced decrease in MnSOD expression, eNOS phosphorylation and NO production in endothelial cells. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was impaired, and the concentration of bioavailable NO decreased in the aortic ring in IDH2 knockout mice. These findings suggest that IDH2 deficiency induces endothelial dysfunction through the induction of dynamic mitochondrial changes and impairment in vascular function. Key words: IDH2, mitochondria, endothelial cells, ROS
112-Gbit/s &#x00D7; 4-lane duobinary-4-PAM for 400GBase (2014)

Novel duobinary-4-PAM signaling is experimentally demonstrated to support a 4-lane low-latency 400GbE client side solution. Direct detection of 112 Gbps transmission over a 5 km single wavelength and polarization fiber link is achieved.
Absorption loss at nanorough silver back reflector of thin-film silicon solar cells (2004)

Absorption losses at a nanorough silver back reflector of a solar cell were measured with high accuracy by photothermal deflection spectroscopy. Roughness was characterized by atomic force microscopy. The observed increase of absorption, compared to the smooth silver, was explained by the surface plasmon absorption. Two series of silver back reflectors (one covered with thin ZnO layer) were investigated and their absorption related to surface morphology.
Organelle-Specific Zinc Detection Using Zinpyr-Labeled Fusion Proteins in Live Cells (2008)

A protein labeling approach is employed for the localization of a zinc-responsive fluorescent probe in the mitochondria and in the Golgi apparatus of living cells. ZP1, a zinc sensor of the Zinpyr family, was functionalized with a benzylguanine moiety and thus converted into a substrate (ZP1BG) for the human DNA repair enzyme alkylguaninetransferase (AGT or SNAP-Tag). The labeling reaction of purified glutathione S-transferase tagged AGT with ZP1BG and the zinc response of the resulting protein-bound sensor were confirmed in vitro. The new detection system, which combines a protein labeling methodology with a zinc fluorescent sensor, was tested in live HeLa cells expressing AGT in specific locations. The enzyme was genetically fused to site-directing proteins that anchor the probe onto targeted organelles. Localization of the zinc sensors in the Golgi apparatus and in the mitochondria was demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. The protein-bound fluorescence detection system is zinc-responsive in living cells.
"Second breakdown" in transistors (1962)

"Second breakdown" in transistors has been characterized as an abrupt reduction in V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CE</inf> , at a collector current designated by I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</inf> , when the transistor is swept through its V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CE</inf> vs I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</inf> characteristics. A critical review of the literature concerning this phenomenon and a more complete description of its characteristics are given. It appears that "second breakdown" is a more fundamental property of the transistor than has previously been thought. Each of the mechanisms thus far considered in the literature, in particular the "pinch-in" effect and p-n-p-n action, has been examined and found inadequate. The apparent dependence of the initiation of the phenomenon on the quantity of energy absorbed, and on the ambient temperature, indicates that it may be related to some thermal mechanism. This points to the importance of examining "second breakdown" in terms of energy dissipated rather than in terms of voltage or current as has been done to date.
CANNIBALISM IN MULTIBRAND FIRMS (1986)

Although cannibalism is seldom desirable, it can be tolerated under certain conditions. This paper illustrates those conditions and shows that cannibalism may not be so bad after all.