gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positional Specificity and Fatty Acid Selectivity of Purified <i>sn</i>-Glycerol 3-Phosphate Acyltransferases from Chloroplasts (1981)

Soluble acyl-CoAsn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferases (EC 23.1.15) which are localized in chloroplasts were purified from leaves of Pisum sativum and Spinacia oke.aca and obtained free from interfering activities. The purification raised the specific activities by factors of about 1,000 for pea and 200 for spinach preparations. In pea chloroplasts, acyltransferase activity occurs in two soluble forms with apparent isoelectric points of 6.3 and 6.6. For both forms, the same molecular weight of about 42,000 was determined. The enzyme from spinach chloroplasts showed a slightly higher molecular weight and a lower isoelectric point of 5.2.
Improved Sensorless Control of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on Third-Harmonic Back EMF (2013)

This paper presents an improved rotor position estimator based on a third-harmonic flux linkage which is the integration of third-harmonic back electromotive force. Different from the conventional rotor position estimation based on zero crossings of a third-harmonic flux linkage, the continuous signal is taken as reference, and the phase difference between the estimated and reference third-harmonic flux linkages is derived and used to compensate the estimation error in the speed calculated from the zero crossings at each sampling instant. Then, the rotor position can be derived from the compensated rotor speed, and the accuracy of rotor position estimation can be significantly improved, particularly under a dynamic condition. Several experiments have been implemented on a dSPACE platform with a laboratory permanent-magnet synchronous machine, and the experimental results validate that the improved rotor position estimator based on the continuous signal of third-harmonic flux linkage can achieve accurate rotor position estimation and outstanding dynamic performance.
WDM channel equalization based on subcarrier signal monitoring (2002)

Summary form only given. Several authors have proposed and demonstrated the use of acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTF) for WDM channel equalization by using these devices as wavelength-selective variable attenuators. These solutions require a system for WDM channel monitoring, which is usually realized using complex and expensive optical filtering techniques. In this paper we propose and demonstrate a simple and efficient solution to the monitoring problem, based on the use of subcarrier signals. In our system, each wavelength, besides the high bit-rate baseband signal, carries a subcarrier tone at frequency higher than the bit rate, so that the tone is spectrally separated from the baseband.
EFFECTS OF A NERVE‐GROWTH FACTOR, EMBRYO AGE AND METABOLIC INHIBITORS ON GROWTH OF FIBRES AND ON SYNTHESIS OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN IN EMBRYONIC SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA<sup>1</sup> (1971)

Abstract Incorporation of labelled precursors into RNA and protein was measured in lumbar sympathetic ganglia from chicken embryos (usually 13‐14 days old) in the presence . or absence of nerve‐growth factor. The ganglia were incubated with labelled precursors while embedded in plasma clots, so that the outgrowth of nerve fibres could be measured in the same ganglia as the incorporation. Fibre outgrowth was estimated quantitatively by the use of a newly‐devised objective measure of mean halo width. In controls without the nerve‐growth factor, there was an abrupt slowing of labelling of both RNA and protein after 6‐12 h. This slowing was greatly delayed or prevented by addition of the growth factor. At earlier times, small increases in incorporation of both labels accompanied addition of the growth factor, but were not always statistically significant. When ganglia were incubated for 28 h with labelled precursors in the presence of the growth factor, 11 per cent of both the labelled protein and the labelled RNA were found in the halos of outgrowing fibres and 89 per cent in the bodies of the ganglia. In ganglia from embryos of different ages, there was a maximum of labelling per unit volume of ganglion in both RNA and protein at 10 days and a minimum at 12 days of embryonic age. The growth factor increased the labelling during 22 h of incubation at most ages, regardless of whether outgrowth of fibres was great (13‐14 days) or minimal (9‐10 days). Almost total inhibition of RNA labelling by actinomycin‐D caused only moderate impairment of fibre outgrowth. Actinomycin‐D also somewhat reduced protein labelling. Cyclo‐heximide, in concentrations which produced degrees of inhibition of protein labelling identical to those of actinomycin‐D, caused similar impairment of fibre outgrowth. We conclude that RNA synthesis is not essential to the initiation of fibre outgrowth by the nerve‐growth factor.
Molecular-beam-epitaxial growth and magnetic properties of Co-Pt superlattices oriented along the [001], [110], and [111] axes of Pt (1990)

We report the growth of Co-Pt superlattices along three different crystalline orientations of Pt by MBE (molecular-beam epitaxy). [001], [110], and [111] orientations of Co-Pt superlattices were grown using seeded epitaxy techniques on GaAs substrates. The room-temperature magnetic properties are strongly different for the three orientations. Structural analysis of the superlattices reveals significant differences in interface quality and defect structure for the three different orientations. These effects may play a more important role in the origin of magnetic anisotropy than previously assumed.
Wait-and-See Prescription for the Treatment of Acute Otitis Media (2006)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00250900.
Resveratrol displays converse dose-related effects on 5-fluorouracil-evoked colon cancer cell apoptosis: The roles of caspase-6 and p53 (2008)

We have reported that resveratrol (RSV) evoked apoptosis through caspase-6 activation in HCT116 human colon cancer cells wild-type (p53+/+) or knockout (p53-/-) for p53. In this study, the role of caspase-6 activation in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-elicited apoptosis as well as the combination effects between RSV and 5-FU on their apoptosis induction was further investigated in the same colon cancer cell model. The combination effects were determined by calculation of combination indices (CI). We found that 5-FU triggered apoptosis and caspase-6 activation in the cancer cells, which were entirely abrogated by caspase-6 inhibitors. RSV (200 microM) increased 5-FU-triggered apoptosis and caspase-6 activation. Lower doses (25 or 50 microM) inhibited 5-FU-mediated apoptosis and caspase-6 activation only in p53+/+ cells. Moreover, G(1)-arrest of the p53+/+ cells was elicited by lower doses of RSV and 5-FU in combination, but not with either agent alone. RSV (200 microM) interacted with 5-FU in a synergistic manner (mean CI < 0.9). At lower doses (25 or 50 microM), it interacted with 5-FU in antagonistic (mean CI > 1.1) and additive manners (0.9 < mean CI < 1.1) in p53+/+ and p53-/- cells respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that, like RSV, 5-FU triggers the cancer cell apoptosis by activating caspase-6. Their combination effect in apoptosis induction is dependent on the concentration of RSV and is mediated by caspase-6 activation. RSV synergistically promotes 5-FU-mediated apoptosis at its higher concentration irrespective of p53. Conversely, it inhibits 5-FU-triggered apoptosis at lower concentrations in p53+/+ cells.
Crystallinity and Dielectric Properties of PEEK, a Thermoplastic Poly(ether ether ketone) (1993)

The overall objective of this study was to investigate the interdependence of specific dielectric properties of polymers on their fundamental molecular parameters in order to optimize the application of these polymeric materials in critical SMC systems. SMC systems utilize polymeric materials in applications involving high voltage (HV) insulation in systems aboard DSCS, Nilstar, and several classified spacecraft. Studies of polymer dielectrics have shown that changes in polymer morphology can influence fundamental electrical properties leading to premature breakdown. This investigation focused on the effect of polymer morphology on the electrical characteristics of PEEK, a high temperature insulating thermoplastic, as part of an effort in understanding the causes of dielectric breakdown. This amorphous material was thermally annealed to produce a range of crystallinities. The results of this effort showed that as the crystalline/amorphous ratio of the polymer increases, the dielectric breakdown strength is reduced. Electrical conductivity of the material was also shown to decrease. When translated to resins, blends, and advanced composites where environmental aging or thermal cycling can influence the morphology of the material, any reliance on the maintenance of stable electrical properties may have to be carefully considered. The introduction of advanced materials with tailored properties that involve different families of polymers will require a sophisticated understanding of the morphology of materials and the processes by which it varies. This will not only be important for enhancing mechanical properties of materials but also for recognizing the subtle influences that affect electrical properties of materials.
Use of Chloroethylene Carbonate as an Electrolyte Solvent for a Lithium Ion Battery Containing a Graphitic Anode (1995)

An electrolyte system which consists of chloroethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate has been developed for lithium ion batteries containing a graphitic anode. The electrolyte decomposition during the first lithium intercalation into graphite in a propylene carbonate based electrolyte is significantly reduced in the presence of chloroethylene carbonate. Formation of a stable passivation film on the graphite surface is believed to be the reason for the improved cell performance.
Galvanic corrosion after simulated small‐scale partial lead service line replacements (2011)

Partial lead service line replacement with copper pipe creates a galvanic cell that can accelerate lead corrosion. Bench‐scale experiments under stagnant water conditions of high chloride‐to‐sulfate mass ratio (CSMR) demonstrated that galvanic connections between lead pipe (new or aged) and copper pipe increased lead release into the water by 1.1 to 16 times, compared with a full length of lead pipe alone. The extent of galvanic attack was dependent on drinking water quality. Exposure to water of high CSMR increased lead release in the lead–copper rigs by 3 to 12 times, compared with a lessaggressive low CSMR water. Galvanic current also increased by 1.5 to 2 times when switching from low to high CSMR. The small area of lead pipe adjacent to the copper joint (< 0.5 ft) dissipated 90–95% of the total galvanic current and accumulated a thick (1‐in.‐wide) layer of lead rust (i.e., a lead‐containing scale), which constituted a reservoir for semirandom particulate lead detachment into the water.
Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry of Sialylated Glycopeptides and Proteins Using 2,6-Dihydroxyacetophenone as a Matrix (1996)

A comparison has been performed between 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP) containing di-ammonium hydrogen citrate (DAHC), dihydroxybenzoic acid and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as matrices for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) of sialylated glycopeptides. DHAP/DAHC was found to yield distinct protonated molecules of large sialylated fetuin tryptic peptides by MALDI-linear time-of-flight analyses. By comparison, the other two matrices produced substantially broadened molecular ion envelopes and indications of considerable in-source and post-source fragmentation. Reflector mode analysis revealed protonated molecules for these peptides in addition to discrete successive post-source fragmentation of sialic acid residues using DHAP/DAHC. The other two matrices produced a much greater degree of fragmentation of sialic acids and failed to reveal the molecular ion in reflector mode. DHAP was also found to be of equivalent efficacy to sinapinic acid for linear mode analysis of bovine serum albumin.
Assessing the efficacy of asynchronous telehealth-based hearing screening and diagnostic services using automated audiometry in a rural South African school (2018)

Asynchronous automated telehealth-based hearing screening and diagnostic testing can be used within the rural school context to identify and confirm hearing loss. Objective: The aims of the study were to evaluate the efficacy of an asynchronous telehealth-based service delivery model using automated technology for screening and diagnostic testing as well as to describe the prevalence, type and degree of hearing loss. Method: A comparative within-subject design was used. Frequency distributions, sensitivity, specificity scores as well as the positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Testing was conducted in a non-sound-treated classroom within a school environment on 73 participants (146 ears). The sensitivity and specificity rates were 65.2% and 100%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy was 91.7% and the negative predictive values (NPV) and positive predictive values (PPV) were 93.8% and 100%, respectively. Results: Results revealed that 23 ears of 20 participants (16%) presented with hearing loss. Twelve per cent of ears presented with unilateral hearing impairment and 4% with bilateral hearing loss. Mild hearing loss was identified as most prevalent (8% of ears). Eight ears obtained false-negative results and presented with mild low- to mid-frequency hearing loss. The sensitivity rate for the study was low and was attributed to plausible reasons relating to test accuracy, child-related variables and mild low-frequency sensory-neural hearing loss. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that asynchronous telehealth-based automated hearing testing within the school context can be used to facilitate early identification of hearing loss; however, further research and development into protocol formulation, ongoing device monitoring and facilitator training is required to improve test sensitivity and ensure accuracy of results.
2‐Amino‐2‐oxazolines, III: Synthesis, Structure, and Preliminary Pharmacological Evaluation of Cycloaddition Compounds with Unsaturated Carboxylic Esters (1990)

The reaction of 5-substituted 2-amino-2-oxazolines with unsaturated carboxylic esters yielded 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro- and 2,3-dihydro-7H-oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-7-ones. The structure of these compounds was established by IR- and NMR-spectra and by X-ray crystallography. They were tested for anti-arrhythmic and hypocholesterolemic activities.
Adaptive Critic Autopilot Design of Bank-to-Turn Missiles Using Fuzzy Basis Function Networks (2005)

A new adaptive critic autopilot design for bank-to-turn missiles is presented. In this paper, the architecture of adaptive critic learning scheme contains a fuzzy-basis-function-network based associative search element (ASE), which is employed to approximate nonlinear and complex functions of bank-to-turn missiles, and an adaptive critic element (ACE) generating the reinforcement signal to tune the associative search element. In the design of the adaptive critic autopilot, the control law receives signals from a fixed gain controller, an ASE and an adaptive robust element, which can eliminate approximation errors and disturbances. Traditional adaptive critic reinforcement learning is the problem faced by an agent that must learn behavior through trial-and-error interactions with a dynamic environment, however, the proposed tuning algorithm can significantly shorten the learning time by online tuning all parameters of fuzzy basis functions and weights of ASE and ACE. Moreover, the weight updating law derived from the Lyapunov stability theory is capable of guaranteeing both tracking performance and stability. Computer simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive critic autopilot.
A Web Service Architecture for Enforcing Access Control Policies (2005)

Web services represent a challenge and an opportunity for organizations wishing to expose product and services offerings through the Internet. The Web service technology provides an environment in which service providers and consumers can discover each other and conduct business transactions through the exchange of XML-based documents. However, any organization using XML and Web Services must ensure that only the right users, sending the appropriate XML content, can access their Web Services. Access control policy specification for controlling access to Web services is then becoming an emergent research area due to the rapid development of Web services in modern economy. This paper is an effort to understand the basic concepts for securing Web services and the requirements for implementing secure Web services. We describe the design and implementation of a Web service architecture for enforcing access control policies, the overall rationale and some specific choices of our design are discussed.
Less-forgetting Learning in Deep Neural Networks (2016)

A catastrophic forgetting problem makes deep neural networks forget the previously learned information, when learning data collected in new environments, such as by different sensors or in different light conditions. This paper presents a new method for alleviating the catastrophic forgetting problem. Unlike previous research, our method does not use any information from the source domain. Surprisingly, our method is very effective to forget less of the information in the source domain, and we show the effectiveness of our method using several experiments. Furthermore, we observed that the forgetting problem occurs between mini-batches when performing general training processes using stochastic gradient descent methods, and this problem is one of the factors that degrades generalization performance of the network. We also try to solve this problem using the proposed method. Finally, we show our less-forgetting learning method is also helpful to improve the performance of deep neural networks in terms of recognition rates.
Synthesis of 4,5-Ethylenedithio-4′,5′-(2-oxatrimethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (EOTT) and Electrical Conductivities of Their Ion-Radical Salts (1990)

Abstract The title molecule (EOTT), which is a new unsymmetrical TTF derivative, was synthesized, and several ion-radical salts of EOTT were prepared by electrochemical crystallization. Room temperature conductivities of these salts were found to be in the range of 10−1–102 S cm−1. Among them, EOTT2IBr2 and EOTT2AuI2 showed metallic behavior in electrical conduction down to ca. 15 and 4.2 K, respectively.
Telecommunications service providers as payment facilitators (1999)

The role of the telephone company has evolved over the years and is still changing. “Telcos” are now solution providers helping businesses and people gain business advantage through communication. Examines the potential for telecommunication providers as Internet service providers and e‐commerce facilitators. Summarises the results of the first year of the trials for BT Array, the company’s first micro billing service which has explored that demand from both consumers and retailers wishing to buy and sell on the Internet. Argues that the ability to transfer small payments will lead to new business models and encourage new entrants to the market. Highlights the importance of user friendly e‐commerce Web sites, ease of use and “valued” content to ensure success.
Application of copper(i) catalyzed azide–alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition to the synthesis of template-assembled multivalent peptide conjugates (2009)

Here we describe the facile generation of tetravalent peptide conjugates via a copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) using a cyclic peptide template as a versatile conjugation scaffold. This stable and rigid framework is a conformationally constrained cyclic beta-sheet decorated with spatially defined alkyne moieties that serve as selectively addressable coupling sites. The proposed method allows for the effective coupling of unprotected peptide monomers in water at room temperature within comparatively short reaction times. The resulting conjugates display the ligands in an oriented manner, thus allowing for multivalent interactions with given target molecules, which may contribute to enhanced affinity and specificity. In addition, the selected scaffold offers an orthogonal coupling site for the incorporation of fluorescent labels or radioligands.
Partial reset and scan for flip-flops based on states requirement for test generation (2002)

This paper proposes a method to select flip-flops for partial reset and/or partial scan for sequential circuits to increase their testability. The method gives weights for flip-flops for consideration for partial reset and/or scan based on information on required states for activating faults and the number of faults which propagate to flip-flops, which are obtained during test generation. Since the above information offers the reasons causing the untestable and/or hard-to-detect faults, the method is very efficient in locating flip-flops for partial reset and/or scan to ease test generation task. Experiments showed that this method selected less number of flip-flops for partial reset and scan while produced more testable circuits for benchmark circuits.
Diazapolycyclic Compounds; XXV. Improved Synthesis of 6-Substituted 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[<i>g</i>]phthalazine-1,4-dione Derivatives (1985)

Synthese des derives nitro, hydroxy, methoxy-6 du compose du titre a partir de l'acide naphtalenedicarboxylique-2,3; leur reaction avec des derives du butadiene-1,3 conduit aux tetrahydro-1,4,6,13 benzo [g] pyridazino [1,2-b] phtalazinediones-6,13 substitues en 8; reduction des derives nitro-8 en derives amino-8
Pharmacological profile of LY301317, a potent and selective 5-HT1A agonist (1997)

LY301317 ((4r)-(−)-4-(dipropylamino)-6-(5-oxazolinyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenz[c,d]indole) has high affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor and weak affinity for the 5-HT1D and histamine-H1 receptors. No significant affinity was found for the other amine receptors studied. In rats, LY301317 produced potent in vivo effects that are characteristic of compounds with agonist activity at the 5-HT1A receptor, such as an increase in serum corticosterone concentration, a reduction in 5-HIAA concentration in brain tissue, induction of flat body posture and lower lip retraction (components of a serotonin syndrome), and a decrease of core body temperature. In pigeons trained to discriminate 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) from saline, full generalization to LY301317 was observed. LY301317 increased punished responding in both the pigeon and rat conflict tests for anxiolytic activity. LY301317 reduced immobility in the rat forced swim model used to indicate potential antidepressant activity. In pigeons, LY301317 blocked emesis induced by a chemical (ditolyguanidine), by a 5-HT3 agonist (m-(chlorophenyl)-biguanide), and by an oncolytic agent (cisplatin), as well as vomiting induced by conditioning to environmental stimuli (a model of anticipatory nausea and vomiting). In addition, LY301317 blocked cisplatin- and ipecac-induced vomiting in the dog and motion-induced emesis in the cat. It was concluded that LY301317 is an orally active, potent, and selective agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor with potential clinical utility as an anxiolytic, an antidepressant, and a broad-spectrum antiemetic. Drug Dev. Res. 40:17–34, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.