gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double-blind placebo-controlled study with citicoline in APOEgenotyped Alzheimer's disease patients. Effects on cognitiveperformance, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral perfusion (1999)

Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (citicoline) is a an endogenous intermediate in the biosynthesis of structural membrane phospholipids and brain acetylcholine. Citicoline has been extensively used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders associated with head trauma, stroke, brain aging, cerebrovascular pathology and Alzheimer's disease. In this study we have investigated the efficacy and safety of the treatment with citicoline versus placebo in patients with Alzheimer disease. Thirty patients (age = 73.0 +/- 8.5 years; range = 57-87 years) with mild to moderate senile dementia (GDS: stages 3-6) of the Alzheimer type were included in a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial. After a 2-week period of drug washout, patients were treated with i) placebo (n = 17; age = 73 +/- 5 years) or ii) 1,000 mg/day of citicoline (n = 13; age = 76 +/- 9 years) for 12 weeks (84 days). Examinations were done at baseline (T0) and after the 12 weeks of treatment (T12). As compared to placebo, citicoline improved cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease patients with APOE E4 (ADAS: difference between groups = -3.2 +/- 1.8 scores, p < 0.05; ADAS-cog: difference between groups = -2.3 +/- 1.5, ns); and this improvement on cognition was more pronounced (ADAS, p < 0.01; ADAS-cog: difference between groups = -2.8 +/- 1.3, p < 0.06) in patients with mild dementia (GDS < 5). Citicoline also increased cerebral blood flow velocities in comparison with placebo (p < 0.05) when transcranial Doppler recordings from both hemispheres were considered together, as well as diastolic velocity in the left middle cerebral artery (p < 0.05). Patients treated with citicoline showed an increase in the percentage of brain bioelectrical activity of alpha (occipital electrodes) and theta type (left side electrodes), accompanied by a decrease in relative delta activity particularly marked in the left temporal lobe. Significant differences with respect to placebo (p < 0.05) were observed for theta activity in several fronto-parieto-temporal electrodes of the left hemisphere. Treatment with citicoline tended to reduce serum IL-1 beta levels, mainly after 4 weeks of administration, with no modified blood histamine content. In addition, neither adverse side effects nor alterations in biological and hematological parameters were induced by citicoline. The present data indicate that citicoline (1,000 mg/day) is well tolerated and improves cognitive performance, cerebral blood perfusion and the brain bioelectrical activity pattern in AD patients. According to our results, it seems that citicoline might be a useful treatment in Alzheimer's disease, and that the efficacy of this compound is greater in patients with mild mental deterioration and/or bearing the epsilon 4 allele of the APOE.
The Iceland Deep Drilling Project: Fluid Handling, Evaluation, and Utilization (2003)

The prospect of producing geothermal fluids from deep wells drilled into a reservoir at super-critical temperatures and pressures is examined. Since these fluids, which would be drawn from a depth of 4000- 5000 m, may prove to be chemically hostile, the wellbore and casing must be protected while the fluid properties are being evaluated. A scheme to achieve this by extracting the fluids through a narrow, retrievable liner is described. For the fluids thus produced to be superheated at the wellhead rather than existing in two phases, the reservoir temperature at 5000 m must be above 420 °C. If the wellhead enthalpy is to exceed that of conventionally produced geothermal steam, the reservoir temperature must be higher than 450 °C. A deep well producing from a reservoir with a temperature significantly above 450 °C might, under favorable conditions, yield enough high-enthalpy steam to generate 40- 50 MW of electric power. This exceeds by an order of magnitude the power typically obtained from a conventional geothermal well. At this time, the extraction of chemicals from the thermal fluids is considered unlikely to be economically feasible. The cost of the fluid handling and evaluation program is estimated to be USD 5.5 million.
Visual Tracking at Sea (2006)

We describe progress in the design, build and test of a mechatronic system capable of visually tracking objects at sea from a moving platform, such as a boat. The mechanism comprises three controllable degrees of freedom that can carry a small camera as payload. The camera position is stabilised using inertial sensing, and the stabilised images are processed using a published colour-based tracking algorithm to achieve visual pursuit of the target [1], [3]. We describe novel improvements to the tracker that enhance its performance in the case of tracking a target at sea. The system is demonstrated on real footage and its performance assessed.
Supporting return flows in the supply chain (2001)

article Share on Supporting return flows in the supply chain Authors: Jos van Hillegersberg Erasmus Univ., The Netherlands Erasmus Univ., The NetherlandsView Profile , Rob Zuidwijk Erasmus Univ., The Netherlands Erasmus Univ., The NetherlandsView Profile , Jo van Nunen Erasmus Univ., The Netherlands Erasmus Univ., The NetherlandsView Profile , Diana van Eijk IBM, The Netherlands IBM, The NetherlandsView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 44Issue 6June 2001 pp 74–79https://doi.org/10.1145/376134.376172Published:01 June 2001Publication History 25citation2,649DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations25Total Downloads2,649Last 12 Months116Last 6 weeks12 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
A novel dimerization of αβ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (1968)

T. Saegusa, Y. Ito, S. Kobayashi and S. Tomita, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 273 DOI: 10.1039/C19680000273
Polyenergetic known-component CT reconstruction with unknown material compositions and unknown x-ray spectra (2017)

Metal artifacts can cause substantial image quality issues in computed tomography. This is particularly true in interventional imaging where surgical tools or metal implants are in the field-of-view. Moreover, the region-of-interest is often near such devices which is exactly where image quality degradations are largest. Previous work on known-component reconstruction (KCR) has shown the incorporation of a physical model (e.g. shape, material composition, etc) of the metal component into the reconstruction algorithm can significantly reduce artifacts even near the edge of a metal component. However, for such approaches to be effective, they must have an accurate model of the component that include energy-dependent properties of both the metal device and the CT scanner, placing a burden on system characterization and component material knowledge. In this work, we propose a modified KCR approach that adopts a mixed forward model with a polyenergetic model for the component and a monoenergetic model for the background anatomy. This new approach called Poly-KCR jointly estimates a spectral transfer function associated with known components in addition to the background attenuation values. Thus, this approach eliminates both the need to know component material composition a prior as well as the requirement for an energy-dependent characterization of the CT scanner. We demonstrate the efficacy of this novel approach and illustrate its improved performance over traditional and model-based iterative reconstruction methods in both simulation studies and in physical data including an implanted cadaver sample.
Increased antigen responsiveness of naive CD8 T cells exposed to IL‐7 and IL‐21 is associated with decreased CD5 expression (2010)

Exposure of naive CD8 T cells to the synergistic combination of interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-21 enables them to respond strongly to subsequent antigen stimulation. Mechanisms underlying the increased antigen responsiveness of such cytokine-primed CD8 T cells remain unknown. In this study, we showed that a brief exposure of <24 h to IL-7 and IL-21 is sufficient enough to sensitize naive P14 T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic CD8 T cells to respond to limiting quantities of antigen, resulting in increased proliferation, interferon-gamma secretion and antigen-specific cytolytic activity. Cytokine-induced increase in TCR responsiveness occurs even in the absence of costimulatory signals. Cytokine priming upregulates the expression of the gamma(c) chain and increases IL-2 production after antigen stimulation, thus enhancing autocrine stimulation. Notably, cytokine priming induces a rapid and profound downmodulation of CD5, implicated in the negative regulation of TCR signaling, by induction of the transcriptional repressor E47. These findings show that increased antigen responsiveness of cytokine-primed CD8 T cells results from the modulation of multiple cell-surface molecules, which influence cytokine receptor and TCR signaling.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Dicopper(II)‐Containing 22‐Palladate(II)[Cu<sup>II</sup><sub>2</sub>Pd<sup>II</sup><sub>22</sub>P<sup>V</sup><sub>12</sub>O<sub>60</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub>]<sup>20−</sup> (2011)

A couple of coppers: Two CuII ions exhibit highly distorted cubic coordination and unexpectedly large magnetic exchange coupling in a discrete dicopper(II)-containing 22-palladate(II). The compound is isolated as the hydrated sodium salt Na20[CuII2PdII22PV12O60(OH)8]⋅58 H2O (1) in which the polyanion (see structure: Cu turquoise, Pd blue, O red balls, {PO4} purple tetrahedra) is the largest noble metalate reported to date. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Multivariable control of MMC-based Static converters for railway applications (2012)

Actually, new static-converter stations are build as modular multilevel converters (MMC) to feed the AC 16.7-Hz railway grids from the public grid. In order to cope with the high dynamic requirements of railway grids, dynamic control concepts are a must. In this paper, a multivariable control concept is presented which utilizes pole-restraining control. The dynamic behaviour is analysed under different dynamic situations concerning load and grid-voltage changes.
A new apparatus for non-destructive evaluation of green-state powder metal compacts using the electrical-resistivity method (2000)

This paper presents a new apparatus developed for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of green-state powder metal compacts. A green-state compact is an intermediate step in the powder metallurgy (PM) manufacturing process, which is produced when a metal powder-lubricant mixture is compacted in a press. This compact is subsequently sintered in a furnace to produce the finished product. Non-destructive material testing is most cost effective in the green state because early flaw detection permits early intervention in the manufacturing cycle and thus avoids scrapping large numbers of parts. Unfortunately, traditional NDE methods have largely been unsuccessful when applied to green-state PM compacts. A new instrumentation approach has been developed, whereby direct currents are injected into the green-state compact and an array of spring-loaded needle contacts records the voltage distributions on the surface. The voltage distribution is processed to identify potentially dangerous surface and sub-surface flaws. This paper presents the custom-designed hardware and software developed for current injection, voltage acquisition, pre-amplification and flaw detection. In addition, the testing algorithm and measurement results are discussed. The success of flaw detection using the apparatus is established by using controlled samples, which are PM compacts with dielectric inclusions inserted.
The Anti-Hiv Candidate Abx464 Dampens Intestinal Inflammation by Triggering Il-22 Production in Activated Macrophages (2017)

The progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with mucosal damage in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This damage enables bacterial translocation from the gut and leads to subsequent inflammation. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS-exposure) is an established animal model for experimental colitis that was recently shown to recapitulate the link between GI-tract damage and pathogenic features of SIV infection. The current study tested the protective properties of ABX464, a first-in-class anti-HIV drug candidate currently in phase II clinical trials. ABX464 treatment strongly attenuated DSS-induced colitis in mice and produced a long-term protection against prolonged DSS-exposure after drug cessation. Consistently, ABX464 reduced the colonic production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα as well as that of the chemoattractant MCP-1. However, RNA profiling analysis revealed the capacity of ABX464 to induce the expression of IL-22, a cytokine involved in colitis tissue repair, both in DSS-treated mice and in LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages. Importantly, anti-IL-22 antibodies significantly reduced the protective effect of ABX464 on colitis in DSS-treated mice. Because reduced IL-22 production in the gut mucosa is an established factor of HIV and DSS-induced immunopathogenesis, our data suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of ABX464 warrant exploration in both HIV and inflammatory ulcerative colitis (UC) disease.
Equilibrium Cluster Phases and Low-Density Arrested Disordered States: The Role of Short-Range Attraction and Long-Range Repulsion (2004)

We study a model in which particles interact with short-ranged attractive and long-ranged repulsive interactions, in an attempt to model the equilibrium cluster phase recently discovered in sterically stabilized colloidal systems in the presence of depletion interactions. At low packing fractions, particles form stable equilibrium clusters which act as building blocks of a cluster fluid. We study the possibility that cluster fluids generate a low-density disordered arrested phase, a gel, via a glass transition driven by the repulsive interaction. In this model the gel formation is formally described with the same physics of the glass formation.
A peer‐to‐peer distributed selection algorithm for the Internet (2002)

Heretofore, it has been extremely expensive to install and use distributed databases. With the advent of Java, JDBC and other Internet technologies, it has become easy and inexpensive to connect multiple databases and form distributed databases, even where the various host computers run on different platforms. These types of databases can be used in many peer‐to‐peer applications which are now receiving much attention from researchers. Although it is easy to form a distributed database via Internet/intranet, effective sharing of information continues to be problematic. We need to pay more attention to the enabling algorithms, as dedicated links between computers are usually not available in peer‐to‐peer systems. The lack of dedicated links can cause poor performance, especially if the databases are connected via Internet. Discusses the problems of distributed database operation with reference to an example. Presents two statistical selection algorithms which are designed to select the j th smallest key from a very large file distributed over many computers. The objective of these algorithms is to minimise the number of communication messages necessary to the selection operation. One algorithm is for the intranet with broadcast/multicast facilities while the other is for Internet without broadcast/multicast facilities.
Optimized Welding of Stainless Steel Tubings for Corrosion Free Exposure to HBr Gas (1994)

Hydrogen bromide gas phase corrosion of welded 316L electropolished stainless steel tubings to be used for the distribution of ultra clean gases has been investigated by using two techniques: one is leaching of the corroded tubings and subsequent chemical analysis of the dissolved metallic elements, the other one is bromine penetration depth at the stainless steel surface by Auger spectroscopy. These test procedures were applied to optimize the back shielding gas used for orbital welding of such tubings. A correlation is found between the oxygen concentration in the back shielding gas and the gas phase corrosion. Purified argon as back shielding gas insures best corrosion resistance due to the minimum thickness of superficial iron oxide, and maximal chromium concentration underlying the top iron/manganese oxide layer. Tubings made of stainless steel containing very small concentration of manganese exhibit lower level of corrosion. A corrosion enhancement mechanism by manganese is proposed.
Effects of active recovery on plasma lactate and anaerobic power following repeated intensive exercise (1996)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of active recovery (AR) on plasma lactate concentration [La] and anaerobic power output as measured during repeated bouts of intense exercise (6 s) against increasing braking forces. Ten male subjects performed two randomly assigned exercise trials: one with a 5-min passive recovery (PR) after each exercise bout and one with a 5-min active recovery (AR) at a workload corresponding to 32% of maximal aerobic power. Blood samples were taken at rest, at the end of each exercise bout (S1) and at the 5th minute between bout-recovery (S2) for plasma lactate assay. During the tests, [La]S1 was not significantly different after AR and PR, but [La]S2 was significantly lower after AR for power outputs obtained at braking forces 6 kg (5.66 +/- 0.38 vs 7.56 +/- 0.51 mmol.l-1) and peak anaerobic power (PAnP) (6.73 +/- 0.61 vs 8.54 +/- 0.89 mmol.l-1). Power outputs obtained at 2 and 4 kg did not differ after AR and PR. However, when compared with PR, AR induced a significant increase in both power outputs at 6 kg (842 +/- 35 vs 798 +/- 33 W) and PAnP (945 +/- 56 vs 883 +/- 58 W). These results showed that AR between bouts of intensive exercise decreased blood lactate concentration at high braking forces. This decrease was accompanied by higher anaerobic power outputs at these forces.
New alternative treatment in hirsutism: bicalutamide 25 mg/day (2002)

The efficacy of low-dose bicalutamide (25 mg/day) in the treatment of hirsutism was investigated in this study. Hirsutism score was determined, according to a modified Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system, in 42 women with hirsutism. Each patient received 25 mg/day bicalutamide. Before therapy, multiscreen blood chemistry, hormonal analysis, and complete blood counts were performed. These parameters and hirsutism scores were repeated at 3 and 6 months during therapy. The paired Student's t-test was used to compare repeated values. Clinical improvement in the degree of hirsutism was observed in all patients by the same author. The modified Ferriman-Gallwey scores decreased from a mean of 22.0 +/- 5.1 to 8.6 +/- 3.5 (p < 0.0001). The reduction in hirsutism scores was 41.2 +/- 11.4% at 3 months and 61.6 +/- 11.1% at 6 months. In conclusion, bicalutamide at 25 mg/day is an effective drug in the treatment of patients with hirsutism.
Integral refractive index determination of living suspension cells by multifocus digital holographic phase contrast microscopy (2007)

A method for the determination of the integral refractive index of living cells in suspension by digital holographic microscopy is described. Digital holographic phase contrast images of spherical cells in suspension are recorded, and the radius as well as the integral refractive index are determined by fitting the relation between cell thickness and phase distribution to the measured phase data. The algorithm only requires information about the refractive index of the suspension medium and the image scale of the microscope system. The specific digital holographic microscopy advantage of subsequent focus correction allows a simultaneous investigation of cells in different focus planes. Results obtained from human pancreas and liver tumor cells show that the integral cellular refractive index decreases with increasing cell radius.
Ion source with plasma cathode (1987)

A long lifetime ion source with plasma cathode has been developed for use in ion implantation. In this ion source, a plasma of a nonreactive working gas serves as a cathode in place of a thermionic tungsten filament used in the Freeman ion source. In an applied magnetic field, the plasma is convergent, i.e., filamentlike; in zero magnetic field, it turns divergent and spraylike. In the latter case, the plasma exhibits a remarkable ability when the working gas has an ionization potential larger than the feed gas. By any combination of a working gas of either argon or neon and a feed gas of AsF5 or PF5, the lifetime of this ion source was found to be more than 90 h with an extraction voltage of 40 kV and the corresponding ion current density 20 mA/cm2. Mass spectrometry results show that this ion source has an ability of generating a considerable amount of As+ and P+ ions from AsF5 and PF5, and hence will be useful for realizing a fully cryopumped ion implanter system. This ion source is also eminently suitable for use in oxygen ion production.
X-Tolerant Test Response Compaction (2005)

Larger, denser designs lead to more defects; higher quality requirements and new test methods lead to an explosion in test data volume. Test compression technique attempt to do more testing with fewer bits. This article summarizes one such method, X compact which addresses how unknowns the bane of compression and logic BIST techniques are eliminated. DFT engineers must spend serious effort to minimize Xs in future designs. It is impossible to eliminate all Xs. X-tolerant response compactors are necessary for tolerating residual Xs to enable massive compaction with practically no impact on test quality. X-compactors are mainly useful for test compression purposes and provide up to 80 times the test response compaction of traditional scan. X-tolerant signature analyzers extend the X-compact concept to incorporate time compaction, thereby tolerating thousands of Xs and reducing test response data volume by 50 to 2,000 times relative to traditional scan. These signature analyzers are extremely beneficial for BIST because Xs can easily corrupt traditional MISR-based BIST signature analyzers. X-tolerant response compactors also enable efficient diagnosis essential to fast yield-learning.
Characteristics of a shared idiotype by two IgM anti-herpes simplex virus monoclonal antibodies that recognize different determinants. (1983)

Two IgM monoclonal antibodies (McAb) that recognized distinct antigenic determinants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) were shown to share idiotypes. Seven other IgM McAb generated to either HSV2 or the major envelope glycoprotein of HSV2, VP119, did not express this shared idiotype. The idiotypic determinants were associated with the antibody-combining site, because HSV2 inhibited the idiotype-anti-idiotype reactions. Anti-HSV2 sera raised in BALB/c mice also expressed the idiotype shared by the two anti-HSV2 McAb.