gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerization of different lignins by laccase (2008)

In this study the oxidative polymerization of different lignins, i.e. Flax Soda lignin, Spruce EMAL, and Eucalyptus Dioxane lignin by Trametes hirsuta laccase was compared. Initially the structures of the different lignins were compared by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The reactivity of laccase with the different types of lignins in the absence of mediators was examined and verified by oxygen consumption measurements. The molecular weight distributions of treated and untreated lignins were determined by two different size exclusion chromatography methods. Furthermore, the potential of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight-mass spectroscopy for determination of the absolute molecular weights of the different lignins was evaluated. The data showed that all the technical lignins could be activated and polymerized by laccase to different degrees. The efficiency as indicated by measurements of the degree of polymerization was found to increase in the order of Spruce EMAL < Eucalyptus Dioxane lignin < Flax Soda lignin. Overall, this data supplies foundations for using enzymes more efficiently in the enzymatic upgrading of lignin.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube and Carbon Nanofiber in Nanopore of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Template by Chemical Vapor Deposition at Atmospheric Pressure (2012)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) is one of the most attractive materials for the potential applications of nanotechnology due to its excellent mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties. We demonstrated the fabrication of carbon nanotube and carbon nanofiber (CNF) inside the pore and at the surface of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane by chemical vapor deposition method at atmospheric pressure. Ethanol was used as a hydrocarbon source and Co–Mo as catalyst. CNT was synthesized at different temperature. High graphitic multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was found at 750°C, while CNF was found at 800°C and above temperature analyzing by Raman spectroscopy.
Theoretical and experimental validation of a dual-frequency excitation method for spatial control of cavitation (2005)

Inertial cavitation has been implicated as the primary mechanism for a host of emerging applications. In all these applications, the main concern is to induce cavitation in perfectly controlled locations in the field; this means specifically to be able to achieve the cavitation threshold at the geometrical focus of the transducer without stimulating its near field. In this study, we develop dual-frequency methods to preferentially lower the cavitation threshold at the focus relative to the rest of the field. Two families of dual-frequency driving waveforms are evaluated in a bubble model incorporating rectified diffusion. Results are then verified by experiment. Finally, the performance of the rest of acoustic field in suppressing cavitation when cavitation is induced at the focus is investigated theoretically and checked experimentally. This study shows that dual-frequency phased arrays could be used to precisely control cavitation. The cavitation threshold is proved to be 1.2 times higher in the near field than at the focus. The concept of cavitation field is introduced and complements cavitation studies concentrating on the focal behaviour only.
Controlled electrochemical intercalation, exfoliation and in situ nitrogen doping of graphite in nitrate-based protic ionic liquids (2013)

Few-layer nitrogen-doped graphene has been prepared via fast and controlled electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in a protic ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate. The method presents a potentially scalable approach for preparation of metal-free, N-doped graphene for use as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions.
Minireview: Nuclear Receptor Coactivators—An Update (2002)

Nuclear receptors (NRs) regulate the expression of target genes in response to activation by steroid hormones and other ligands, as well as a variety of other signaling pathways. NR coactivators are defined as cellular factors recruited by activated NRs that complement their function as mediators of the cellular response to endocrine signals. In this review, we will focus upon advances in our understanding of the function of coactivators as their characterization has progressed from mechanistic studies to an exploration of their biological roles in living animals.
A conserved RNA structure ( <i>thi</i> box) is involved in regulation of thiamin biosynthetic gene expression in bacteria (2001)

The thiCOGE genes of Rhizobium etli code for enzymes involved in thiamin biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed with a 211-base untranslated leader that contains the thi box, a 38-base sequence highly conserved in the 5' regions of thiamin biosynthetic and transport genes of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. A deletion analysis of thiC-lacZ fusions revealed an unexpected relationship between the degree of repression shown by the deleted derivatives and the length of the thiC sequences present in the transcript. Three regions were found to be important for regulation: (i) the thi box sequence, which is absolutely necessary for high-level expression of thiC; (ii) the region immediately upstream to the translation start codon of thiC, which can be folded into a stem-loop structure that would mask the Shine-Dalgarno sequence; and (iii) the proximal part of the coding region of thiC, which was shown to contain a putative Rho-independent terminator. A comparative phylogenetic analysis revealed a possible folding of the thi box sequence into a hairpin structure composed of a hairpin loop, two helices, and an interior loop. Our results show that thiamin regulation of gene expression involves a complex posttranscriptional mechanism and that the thi box RNA structure is indispensable for thiCOGE expression.
Preclinical Evaluation of <sup>18</sup>F-JNJ41510417 as a Radioligand for PET Imaging of Phosphodiesterase-10A in the Brain (2010)

Experiments in rats and PDE10A knock-out mice indicate that (18)F-JNJ41510417 binds specifically and reversibly to PDE10A in the striatum, suggesting that this new fluorinated quinoline derivative is a promising candidate for in vivo imaging of PDE10A using PET.
Water Shutoff Using an Inflatable Composite Sleeve Polymerized In-Situ: A Case History on Forties Delta (2001)

Summary A new technology based on using in-situ polymerization of composites has been developed and has been used to shut off waterproducing perforations for the first time on Forties Delta. By exploiting the deformability of an unpolymerized flexible composite and the excellent mechanical characteristics of a polymerized composite, it was possible to run an expandable patch-through tubing and set in the liner below. The principles of running the composite patch on electric wireline and the specialized surface and downhole tools are described, along with the setting procedures and events offshore. Results of this operation have shown an inflatable composite sleeve can be used as an efficient and cost-effective solution for reducing unwanted water production.
High Speed, Low Power Four-Quadrant CMOS Current-Mode Multiplier (2007)

In this paper a new CMOS current-mode four- quadrant analog multiplier and divider circuit based on squarer circuit is proposed. The dual translinear loops is the basic building block in realization scheme. Supply voltage is 3.3 V. The major advantages of this multiplier are high speed, low power, high linearity and less dc offset error. The circuit is designed and simulated using HSPICE simulator by level 49 parameters (BSIM3v3) in 0.35 μ𝓂 standard CMOS technology. The simulation results of analog multiplier demonstrate a linearity error of 1.1%, a THD of 0.97% in 1 MHz, a -3𝒹B bandwidth of 41.8 MH𝓏 and a maximum power consumption of 0.34 𝓂W.
TOUCHPAD AS INTERACTION INPUT CONTROL FOR USE OF IN-VEHICLE INFOTAINMENT SYSTEMS (2009)

There is evidence that In-Vehicle Infotainment Systems (IVIS) with complex interactivity can distract the driver and that new interaction methods are needed. We report on and assess the suitability of a multi-touch touchpad controlled IVIS. In summary the results show that a rich multi-touch controlled interface can be developed that users accept and like, regardless of previous personal preference of touchpad usage. The results indicate that a bi-modal feedback system, either visual-audio or visual-haptic is needed to facilitate necessary driver control with regard to road safety.
Line-of-sight networks (2007)

Random geometric graphs have been one of the fundamental models for reasoning about wireless networks: one places n points at random in a region of the plane (typically a square or circle), and then connects pairs of points by an edge if they are within a fixed distance of one another. In addition to giving rise to a range of basic theoretical questions, this class of random graphs has been a central analytical tool in the wireless networking community.For many of the primary applications of wireless networks, however, the underlying environment has a large number of obstacles, and communication can only take place among nodes when they are close in space and when they have line-of-sight access to one another --- consider, for example, urban settings or large indoor environments. In such domains, the standard model of random geometric graphs is not a good approximation of the true constraints, since it is not designed to capture the line-of-sight restrictions.Here we propose a random-graph model incorporating both range limitations and line-of-sight constraints, and we prove asymptotically tight results for κ-connectivity. Specifically, we consider points placed randomly on a grid (or torus), such that each node can see up to a fixed distance along the row and column it belongs to. (We think of the rows and columns as streets and avenues among a regularly spaced array of obstructions.) Further, we show that when the probability of node placement is a constant factor larger than the threshold for connectivity, near-shortest paths between pairs of nodes can be found, with high probability, by an algorithm using only local information. In addition to analyzing connectivity and κ-connectivity, we also study the emergence of a giant component, as well an approximation question, in which we seek to connect a set of given nodes in such an environment by adding a small set of additional relay nodes.
ErbB3/HER3 does not homodimerize upon neuregulin binding at the cell surface (2004)

To understand signaling by the neuregulin (NRG) receptor ErbB3/HER3, it is important to know whether ErbB3 forms homodimers upon ligand binding. Previous biophysical studies suggest that the ErbB3 extracellular region remains monomeric when bound to NRG. We used a chimeric receptor approach to address this question in living cells, fusing the extracellular region of ErbB3 to the kinase-active intracellular domain of ErbB1. The ErbB3/ErbB1 chimera responded to NRG only if ErbB2 was co-expressed in the same cells, whereas an ErbB4/ErbB1 chimera responded without ErbB2. We, therefore, suggest that ErbB3 is an obligate heterodimerization partner because of its inability to homodimerize.
Integrating modern instrumentation, control and information technology in the undergraduate laboratory (2002)

This paper describes the development and implementation of a computer integrated instrumentation and control system in the undergraduate instrumentation and control laboratory of the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Pretoria. It describes the process plant, the SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system, the communication system, intelligent and non-intelligent I/O devices and field instrumentation and emphasises the benefits and limitations of such a system within the context of the education and training of instrumentation and control engineer. The above mentioned system have been implemented on a miniature process plant in the laboratory, and although a set-up like this can not include all the practical problems encountered in a real plant, e.g. noise, interference's, environment influences, etc., it does give the student the opportunity to get involved in making real design decisions and work on a real physical plant with modern commercially available tools. This project has been done in cooperation with the Centre for Electronics and instrumentation at the Eduardo Mondlane University in Maputo, Mozambique. The goal is to also implement this system at that University in the immediate future.
Photodynamic Antifungal Chemotherapy<sup>†</sup> (2012)

The growing resistance against antifungal drugs has renewed the search for alternative treatment modalities, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) seems to be a potential candidate. Preliminary findings have demonstrated that dermatophytes and yeasts can be effectively sensitized in vitro and in vivo by administering photosensitizers (PSs) belonging to four chemical groups: phenothiazine dyes, porphyrins and phthalocyanines, as well as aminolevulinic acid, which, while not a PS in itself, is effectively metabolized into protoporphyrin IX. Besides efficacy, PDT has shown other benefits. First, the sensitizers used are highly selective, i.e., fungi can be killed at combinations of drug and light doses much lower than that needed for a similar effect on keratinocytes. Second, all investigated PSs lack genotoxic and mutagenic activity. Finally, the hazard of selection of drug resistant fungal strains has been rarely reported. We review the studies published to date on antifungal applications of PDT, with special focus on yeast, and aim to raise awareness of this area of research, which has the potential to make a significant impact in future treatment of fungal infections.
Using GUI ripping for automated testing of Android applications (2012)

We present AndroidRipper, an automated technique that tests Android apps via their Graphical User Interface (GUI). AndroidRipper is based on a user-interface driven ripper that automatically explores the app’s GUI with the aim of exercising the application in a structured manner. We evaluate AndroidRipper on an open-source Android app. Our results show that our GUI-based test cases are able to detect severe, previously unknown, faults in the underlying code, and the structured exploration outperforms a random approach.
Immersive video (1996)

Interactive video and television viewers should have the power to control their viewing position. To realize this, we introduce the concept of immersive video, which employs computer vision and computer graphics technologies to provide viewers of live events a sense of total immersion by providing the viewer with a "virtual camera". Immersive video uses multiple videos of an event, captured from different perspectives, to generate a full 3D digital video of that event. While replaying this 3D digital movie, interactive viewers are able to explore the scene continuously from any perspective. This is accomplished by combining an a priori static model with a dynamic model that is created by assimilating dynamic information from each video stream into a comprehensive three dimensional environment model. We formalize the concept of immersive video, describe the architecture of our current implementation, and illustrate immersive video in staged karate demonstrations and basketball games. In its full realization, immersive video will be a paradigm shift in visual communication which will revolutionize television and video media, and will become an integral part of future telepresence and virtual reality systems.
A linear phase unwrapping method for binaural sound source localization on a robot (2003)

A robust linear phase unwrapping method is proposed to solve the 2/spl pi/ discontinuities in the phase of the cross power spectrum from the binaural inputs using two omnidirectional microphones. The relative incident angle of the interested sound is then estimated according to the time difference of arrival (TDOA) which is obtained from the unwrapped phase of the cross power spectrum. The frequency components associated with the high power are clustered into groups by the phase and frequency distance, and the dominant group is then used to obtain the initial slope estimation. The phase is unwrapped by checking the difference between the actual and the predicted phase by the estimated slope. The re-estimation is then performed by the unwrapped phase. The algorithm is tested under different incident angles and signal to noise ratio (SNR) using real speech signal and white Gaussian noise. The simulation results show the high accuracy and the robustness. This method is also Implemented to control a robot to adaptively adjust itself to the position facing the sound source directly. The satisfactory result was achieved in an open house demonstration.
The Crystal Structure of Indoleglycerol-phosphate Synthase from Thermotoga maritima (2002)

The crystal structure of the thermostable indoleglycerol-phosphate synthase from Thermotoga maritima (tIGPS) was determined at 2.5 A resolution. It was compared with the structures of the thermostable sIGPS from Sulfolobus solfataricus and of the thermolabile eIGPS from Escherichia coli. The main chains of the three (beta alpha)(8)-barrel proteins superimpose closely, and the packing of side chains in the beta-barrel cores, as well as the architecture of surface loops, is very similar. Both thermostable proteins have, however, 17 strong salt bridges, compared with only 10 in eIGPS. The number of additional salt bridges in tIGPS and sIGPS correlates well with their reduced rate of irreversible thermal inactivation at 90 degrees C. Only 3 of 17 salt bridges in tIGPS and sIGPS are topologically conserved. The major difference between the two proteins is the preference for interhelical salt bridges in sIGPS and intrahelical ones in tIGPS. The different implementation of salt bridges in the closely related proteins suggests that the stabilizing effect of salt bridges depends rather on the sum of their individual contributions than on their location. This observation is consistent with a protein unfolding mechanism where the simultaneous breakdown of all salt bridges is the rate-determining step.
Identification and Characterization of Heparin/Heparan Sulfate Binding Domains of the Endoglycosidase Heparanase (2005)

The endo-beta-glucuronidase, heparanase, is an enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate at specific intra-chain sites, yielding heparan sulfate fragments with appreciable size and biological activities. Heparanase activity has been traditionally correlated with cell invasion associated with cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. In addition, heparanase up-regulation has been documented in a variety of primary human tumors, correlating with increased vascular density and poor postoperative survival, suggesting that heparanase may be considered as a target for anticancer drugs. In an attempt to identify the protein motif that would serve as a target for the development of heparanase inhibitors, we looked for protein domains that mediate the interaction of heparanase with its heparan sulfate substrate. We have identified three potential heparin binding domains and provided evidence that one of these is mapped at the N terminus of the 50-kDa active heparanase subunit. A peptide corresponding to this region (Lys(158)-Asp(171)) physically associates with heparin and heparan sulfate. Moreover, the peptide inhibited heparanase enzymatic activity in a dose-responsive manner, presumably through competition with the heparan sulfate substrate. Furthermore, antibodies directed to this region inhibited heparanase activity, and a deletion construct lacking this domain exhibited no enzymatic activity. NMR titration experiments confirmed residues Lys(158)-Asn(162) as amino acids that firmly bound heparin. Deletion of a second heparin binding domain sequence (Gln(270)-Lys(280)) yielded an inactive enzyme that failed to interact with cell surface heparan sulfate and hence accumulated in the culture medium of transfected HEK 293 cells to exceptionally high levels. The two heparin/heparan sulfate recognition domains are potentially attractive targets for the development of heparanase inhibitors.
Transition-Metal Ion Exchange Using Poly(ethylene glycol) Oligomers as Solvents (2009)

Poly(ethylene glycol) oligomers have been found to be effective as alternative solvents for the ion exchange of Mn2+, Fe2+, and Co2+ into hydrated and dehydrated Zeolite X (Na80Al80Si112O384·nH2O). When attempted in aqueous solutions, the exchange of these cations quickly leads to destruction of the zeolite structure within 1−2 exchange cycles. However, in PEG oligomer solvents, the structure can be maintained and exchanges of 48% (Co2+), 80% (Mn2+), and 91% (Fe2+) are observed after one cycle under hydrated conditions. When rigorous steps are taken to remove all water from the zeolite before exchange, absorption of the oligomers into the zeolite pores is promoted, which hinders ion exchange; a maximum of 6% exchange is seen under dehydrated conditions. However, improved catalytic efficiency toward NO decomposition is observed for these samples, with turnover frequencies of 0.0237 s−1 for Dehyd Na/Mn-X oligomer, 0.0213 s−1 for Dehyd Na/Fe-X oligomer, and 0.0190 s−1 for Dehyd Na/Co-X oligomer. Use of these PEG oligomers as reaction media has also been expanded to the ion exchange of layered oxides such as Dion−Jacobson perovskite phases.
Terrain representation using right-triangulated irregular networks (2007)

A quadtree-based triangulation, sometimes called an RTIN, is a common hierarchical representation of terrain for 3D visualization. In this paper we focus on the memory/error bound trade-os for using RTINs with planar and quadratic surface patches over triangles.
Central Plasticity in Pathological Pain (2004)

Neurons and synapses in the central nervous systems are very dynamic and plastic, and can undergo changes throughout life. Studies of molecular and cellular mechanisms of such changes not only provide important insight into how we learn and store new knowledge in our brains, but also reveal the mechanisms of pathological changes occurring following an injury. Here, we propose that while neuronal mechanisms underlying physiological functions such as learning and memory may share some common signalling molecules with abnormal or injury-related changes in the brain, distinct synaptic mechanisms are involved in pathological pain as compared with that of cognitive learning and memory. Using genetically altered mice and classic physiological approaches, we showed that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent, calcium-calmodulin-activated adenylyl cyclases (AC1 and AC8) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) play important roles in the induction and expression of persistent inflammatory and neuropathic pain. In contrast, acute pain was not significantly affected. Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV, which is widely expressed in central areas related to pain and memory, primarily contributes to injury-related fearful memory and emotional responses. Our studies suggest distinct signalling pathways are responsible for physiological responses to the injury, including behavioural, emotional and memory.
Mobile Phones as 3-DOF Controllers: A Comparative Study (2009)

Conventional input devices such as the mouse and keyboard lack in intuitiveness when it comes to 3D manipulation tasks. In this paper, we explore the use of accelerometer and digital compass equipped mobile phones as 3-DOF controllers in a 3D object rotation task. We put the mobile phone up against the established standards, a mouse and a touch pen and compare their performance in a rotation task. Our preliminary evaluation indicates that for this type of task, with only 5 minutes of practice the mobile phone is significantly faster than both the mouse and the touch pen.