gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances the enzymatic activity and expression of the messenger ribonucleic acid for aromatase cytochrome P450 synergistically with dexamethasone depending on the vitamin D receptor level in cultured human osteoblasts. (1996)

Not every postmenopausal woman with a low level of estrogen suffers from osteoporosis, and no correlation of bone density with serum estrogen level, but a significant correlation with adrenal androgens is often noted. Vitamin D3 has been reported to be osteoclastic in vitro, whereas the effectiveness of vitamin D3 for the treatment of osteoporosis is clinically relevant. To study the roles of these factors in the development of osteoporosis, we characterized aromatase activity converting androgens to estrogens in human osteoblasts, because postmenopausal women maintain considerable levels of adrenal androgens. Glucocorticoids at 10(-9)-10(-7) M transiently induced the expression and enzymatic activity of aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450AROM) in primary cultured osteoblasts, and the Km value for androstenedione (4.7 +/- 2.9 nM) was lower than that in adipose tissue and skin. Human osteoblasts showed a promoter specificity different from that found in other tissues. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] alone did not induce aromatase activity, but enhanced and maintained glucocorticoid-induced P450AROM gene expression. This synergistic effect was not observed by other sex steroids or retinoic acids. The enhancement of P450AROM activity by 1,25-(OH)2D3 varied from 0.94-fold (no enhancement) to 2.40-fold (maximal enhancement) among the individual human osteoblasts examined, but the magnitude of the enhancement was significantly correlated with the level of vitamin D receptor messenger RNA (P < 0.05). Cycloheximide did not abolish the synergistic effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3, suggesting that de novo protein synthesis is not required for the synergism with 1,25-(OH)2D3. These results suggest that bone tissue can synthesize estrogen from adrenal androgens by a unique aromatase activity depending on the level of vitamin D receptor expressed.
Strain-tunable magnetocrystalline anisotropy in epitaxial<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Y</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Fe</mml:mi><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>thin films (2014)

We demonstrate strain-tuning of magnetocrystalline anisotropy over a range of more than one thousand Gauss in epitaxial Y3Fe5O12 films of excellent crystalline quality grown on lattice-mismatched Y3Al5O12 substrates. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements reveal a linear dependence of both out-of-plane and in-plane uniaxial anisotropy on the strain-induced tetragonal distortion of Y3Fe5O12. Importantly, we find the spin mixing conductance G_r determined from inverse spin Hall effect and FMR linewidth broadening remains large: G_r = 3.33 x 10^14 Ohm^-1m^-2 in Pt/Y3Fe5O12/Y3Al5O12 heterostructures, quite comparable to the value found in Pt/Y3Fe5O12 grown on lattice-matched Gd3Ga5O12 substrates.
Suture Versus Tack Fixation of Mesh in Laparoscopic Umbilical Hernia Repair (2013)

There are no differences in postoperative complication rates in suture versus tack mesh fixation in laparoscopic umbilical hernia repair.
Overcoming the Crunch in Resources for New Product Development (2003)

OVERVIEW:Most new product development efforts suffer from serious resource deficiencies across all business functions, and many of the symptoms that beset NPD can be traced directly to this resource crunch. The underlying causes of this crunch are a preoccupation with short-term financial performance, reluctance to kill projects (and the resulting lack of focus), and a desire for excessive speed to market. Strategic solutions to this problem include matching resources to the goals of the business, recognizing that all businesses should not be measured with the same yardstick nor resourced the same way, and “ring-fencing” NPD resources. How these resources are allocated is a problem in most businesses, and thus another solution is to implement an effective portfolio management system. Portfolio management provides greater focus (fewer but higher-value projects) and also relies on strategic buckets to achieve the right balance of projects and spending. Finally, tactical solutions include tracking the deployment of existing resources via resource capacity analysis and mapping project resource requirements more precisely as part of the gate deliverables.
Synthesis of Nanostructured Li[Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> via a Modified Carbonate Process (2004)

Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 synthesized via the modified carbonate process showed a homogeneous particle distribution with 10-μm secondary particles. Higher discharge capacity was retained even at 10 C (2800 mA g-1). This superior high rate capability would be mainly due to the well-controlled synthesis process, thus the morphology and its effects on electrochemical properties are significantly reproducible.
Changes in cassava toxicity during processing into gari and ijapu—two fermented food products (1992)

Grated cassava to which tap water was added at levels of 25%, 50% and 75% (v/w) was held at 30 degrees C, 40 degrees C or 50 degrees C and examined over a 6 h period for cyanide content, pH and titratable acidity (TTA). During the come-up time, i.e. the time between addition of water and attainment of desired holding temperature (between 14 and 47 min), reductions in bound cyanide of ca 54-85% occurred, depending on the level of added water and holding temperature. The corresponding losses for the control samples, to which no water was added, were ca 25-33%. The biggest reduction in the bound cyanide of > 99% (from 89.0 to 0.6 ppm) occurred in grated cassava with 75% added water held at 50 degrees C. There was little or no change in pH during the period of study. The reduction of processing time for certain cassava products based on separation into detoxication and flavour development/fermentation stages is discussed.
National Politics, International Dependency, and Basic Needs Provision: A Cross-National Analysis (1990)

In this article we investigate the impact of selected political and economic processes on the well-being of domestic populations in samples of 41 to 110 nations. More specifically, we assess the impact on basic needs provision of regime ideology, state strength, multinational corporate investment, trade dependency, and position in the world economy. Our analysis synthesizes a literature that has focused on either international economic or intranational political processes but has not explored the relationship between them. In particular, we extend the work of Moon and Dixon (1985) by examining the impact on basic needs provision of both regime characteristics and state strength, which they did investigate, and the penetration of multinational corporations, trade dependency, and position in the world economy, which they did not. © 1990 The University of North Carolina Press.
MONITOR-CTA-FINAL REPORT (1973)

THIS REPORT DISCUSSES A MONITORING SYSTEM WHICH WAS IMPLEMENTED TO TEST THE PRACTICABILITY OF CENTRALIZED AUTOMATIC SCHEDULE ADHERENCE CHECKING, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A CLENDESTINE ALARM ABOARD A TRANSIT VEHICLE AND THE POSSIBILITY THAT SUCH AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM WOULD ALLOW SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN RADIO CHANNEL UTILIZATION. THE EVALUATION WAS PERFORMED BY COLLECTING DATA PERTINENT TO THE SYSTEM'S PERFORMANCE (I.E. ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY) IN SPECIALLY DESIGNED EXPERIMENTS. THE OPTIONAL ASPECT WAS EVALUATED BY COLLECTING DATA BEFORE AND AFTER IMPLEMENTATION. THE RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION INDICATE AN EXCELLENT POTENTIAL FOR INCREASED MANAGEMENT INFORMATION. ALTHOUGH THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE WAS ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY POOR RELIABILITY OF THE INITIAL EQUIPMENT ABOARD THE BUSES, IT WAS SHOWN THAT THIS SYSTEM CAN MAINTAIN SCHEDULE ADHERENCE AT LEAST AS WELL AS THE PRESENT METHODS, ACCURATELY LOCATE A VEHICLE IN AN EMERGENCY AND PROVIDE THE INFORMATION CAPACITY OF TWICE AS MANY CONVENTIONAL VOICE RADIO CHANNELS. FROM THESE RESULTS IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THIS SYSTEM IS A GOOD INVESTMENT. ACCEPTABLE RELIABILITY IN FUTURE EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE FACILITATED THROUGH THE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS THAT HAVE TAKEN PLACE SINCE THE PROJECT WAS UNDERTAKEN. SIMULTANEOUS MODIFICATIONS IN SOFTWARE BASED ON EXPERIENCE WITH THIS PILOT INSTALLATION MAY PROMOTE EXPANDED USEFULNESS OF THE SYSTEM. /UMTA/
Tetrodotoxin. VII. On the Structures of Tetrodotoxin and its Derivatives (1964)

The structures of both tetrodonic acid hydrobromide and 6, 11-diacetylanhydrotetrodotoxin hydroiodide were established by chemical and X-ray crystallographical research. Based upon structures of both these salts and upon other chemical information, we determined that tetrodotoxin and anhydrotetrodotoxin have zwitterionic hemilactal structures.
Circular Dichroism and Electron Microscopy of a Core Y61F Mutant of the F1 Gene 5 Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein and Theoretical Analysis of CD Spectra of Four Tyr → Phe Substitutions (1998)

A core Y61F mutant of the gene 5 single-stranded DNA-binding protein (g5p) of f1 bacterial virus aggregated when expressed from a plasmid, but, after refolding in vitro, it behaved much like wild-type and may be a stability or folding mutant. Circular dichroism (CD) titrations showed the same cooperative polynucleotide binding modes for Y61F and wild-type g5p. There are n = 4 and n congruent with 2.5 modes for binding to poly[d(A)] at low ionic strengths, but n = 4, n = 3, and n congruent with 2-2.5 modes for binding to fd single-stranded viral DNA (fd ssDNA), where n is the number of nucleotides occluded by each bound g5p monomer in a given mode. Y61F g5p has slightly reduced affinity in the n = 4 mode. Electron microscopy showed that Y61F g5p forms left-handed nucleoprotein superhelices indistinguishable from wild-type. Progression from binding to fd ssDNA in the n = 4 to n = 3 to n congruent with 2-2.5 mode is accompanied by an increase in the number of helical turns, an increase from (7.7 +/- 0.3) to (9.5 +/- 0.3) to ( approximately 10-13) g5p dimers per turn, and a decrease in the number of DNA nucleotides per turn. From CD spectra for four of five possible Y --> F g5p mutants, we infer that the fifth tyrosine, Tyr 56, contributes strongly to the CD. Retention of a strong 229 nm CD band in all mutants indicates that all retain elements of the native structure. Spectra of Y26F, Y34F, and Y61F g5p imply limited mobility of the replacement Phe. Comparison of measured with calculated CD spectra also suggests limited mobility for Tyr 26 and Tyr 34 in g5p in solution, and provides new information that the g5p structure in solution may be dominated by Tyr 41 rotamers differing from that stabilized in the crystal.
Submicron MOS process with 10:1 optical projection printing and anisotropic dry etching (1982)

We report on results of a n-MOS process with minimum feature sizes in the submicron range. Lithography is realized by 10:1 optical projection with step and repeat exposure. Minimum linewidths of 0.7 µm have been achieved using a high aperture projection optics with 0.42 N.A. In order to obtain a high fidelity in pattern definition anisotropic dry etching techniques have been used for all levels. Results are given for the patterning of the TaSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -poly stack using a RIE process with fluorine/chlorine chemistry and for the aluminum etching applying a BCl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> - based etching process. With this technology various test structures with dimensions in the submicron range have been realized including exploratory dynamic RAM arrays with design features suitable for a 1M Bit DRAM.
Evaluating a File Fragmentation System for Multi-Provider Cloud Storage (2014)

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnection of billions of constrained devices, denoted as ``smart objects'', in an Internet-like structure. Smart objects typically feature limited capabilities in terms of computation and memory and operate in constrained environments, such as low-power lossy networks. As the Internet Protocol (IP) has been foreseen as the standard for communications in IoT, an effort to bring IP connectivity to smart objects and define suitable communication protocols (i.e. Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)) is being carried out within standardization organizations, such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). In this paper, we propose a constrained version of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), named ``CoSIP'', whose intent is to allow constrained devices to instantiate communication sessions in a lightweight and standard fashion. Session instantiation can include a negotiation phase of some parameters which will be used for all subsequent communication. CoSIP can be adopted in several application scenarios, such as service discovery and publish/subscribe applications, which are detailed. An evaluation of the proposed protocol is also presented, based on a Java implementation of CoSIP, to show the benefits that its adoption can bring about, in terms of compression rate with the existing SIP protocol and message overhead compared with the use of CoAP.
Development, Characterization, Efficacy and Mode of Action of Ambisome, A Unilamellar Liposomal Formulation of Amphotericin B (1993)

AmBisome is a lyophilized formulation of amphotericin B incorporated into small unilamellar liposomes composed of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine, distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol, and cholesterol. In aqueous solution AmBisome is quite stable; less than 5% of the drug dissociates from the liposomes during a 72 hour incubation period in human plasma. This stability to loss of drug is a key factor, accounting for the ability of AmBisome to markedly reduce the well known acute and chronic toxicities associated with administration of amphotericin B. Numerous animal and clinical studies have documented therapeutic efficacy of AmBisome for a wide range of fungal infections. Mechanism of action studies indicate that AmBisome liposomes specifically bind to the fungal cell surface, dam the cell membrane, and kill the fungus. In some cases, AmBisome had a slightly lower potency than amphotericin B itself, but much higher doses of AmBisome could be administered safely resulting in an improved therapeutic profile.
Microparticles: Key Protagonists in Cardiovascular Disorders (2010)

Microparticles (MP) are shed membrane vesicles released by various cell types following apoptosis or activation. MP circulate in human plasma and also accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions. A growing body of evidence has highlighted their involvement in inflammation, angiogenesis, coagulation, and the regulation of vascular tone. MP may therefore contribute to the initiation and development of atherosclerosis and its complications. Plasma MP originate from platelets, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and endothelial cells, and their levels increase in patients with cardiovascular diseases; specific cardiovascular medications also affect plasma MP levels. Most recent data suggest a potential prognostic role of circulating MP for identification of subjects prone to develop cardiovascular complications.
Computation of parasitic capacitances of an IC cell in accounting for lithography effect (2006)

Today?s sub-wavelength IC design needs the reticle enhancement technology (RET) such as optical proximity correction (OPC) to correct optical distortion due to photolithography effect. However the difference between the drawn layout and the actual print image persists. To accurately predict the interconnect parasitics such as resistances and capacitances, the impact of optical distortion needs to be considered. This paper presents the computation of parasitic capacitances of an IC logical cell in accounting for optical distortion by using a three dimensional field solver. The study offers a better understanding of the impact of optical image on the accuracy of parasitic capacitances and provides an overview for further optical effect modeling and post OPC extraction.
Partially-dependent functional decomposition with applications in FPGA synthesis and mapping (1997)

In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of partially-dependent functional decomposition and develop new algorithms to compute such decompositions. We apply our method to the synthesis and mapping for Xilinx XC4000 FPGA's which contain non-uniform sizes of LUT's in its architecture. We develop a new mapping algorithm named PDDMAP which uses CLB's to cover nodes on critical paths for depth minimization and uses LUT's to cover non-critical nodes for area minimization. On average, PDDMAP is able to reduce the depth by 13%with only 1% of increase in area comparing to the results by FlowMap followed by a CLB generation procedure match_4k. We also develop a post-mapping procedure named PDDSYN which resynthesizes mapping solutionsto reduce the mapping area. On average, PDDSYN is able to improve PDDMAP mapping solutions by 5% in depth and 7% in CLB count, and achieves 8% smaller depth and 11% fewer CLB count comparing to FlowSyn followed by match-4k.
Bacterial vectors to target and/or purify polypeptides: their use in immunological studies. (1991)

The construction of recombinant proteins by genetic engineering has opened new avenues in basic research (studies on protein organization, protein folding, immunogenicity of proteins, ...) and many different applications. Recombinant proteins which keep properties of both parental proteins are especially interesting. For example, if one protein--the vector protein--is targeted to a given cellular compartment, the other protein--the passenger--may be identically targeted. Also, if the vector protein can be purified by a simple affinity chromatographic procedure, this property may be extended to the passenger. The authors have developed a genetic procedure to detect "permissive" sites within potential vector proteins so that genetic fusion to these sites keep most or all biological properties of the vector. When they used LamB, an outer membrane protein from E. coli, foreign sequences could be expressed at the bacterial cell surface. This may lead to several types of applications: live bacterial vaccines, simple diagnostic tests, selection procedures for peptides with biological activity. When they used the MalE protein, a periplasmic maltose binding protein from E. coli, the passengers could be exported and purified in one-step high affinity chromatography in mild non-denaturing conditions. This led us to a simple preparation and purification scheme for the soluble part of the CD4 receptor for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
Adaptive Evolution of Seed Oils in Plants: Accounting for the Biogeographic Distribution of Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Seed Oils (2000)

Structural, energetic, biochemical, and ecological information suggests that germination temperature is an important selective agent causing seed oils of higher-latitude plants to have proportionately more unsaturated fatty acids than lower-latitude plants. Germination temperature is predicted to select relative proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in seed oils that optimize the total energy stores in a seed and the rate of energy production during germination. Saturated fatty acids store more energy per carbon than unsaturated fatty acids; however, unsaturated fatty acids have much lower melting points than saturated fatty acids. Thus, seeds with lower proportions of saturated fatty acids in their oils should be able to germinate earlier and grow more rapidly at low temperatures even though they store less total energy than seeds with a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids. Seeds that germinate earlier and grow more rapidly should have a competitive advantage. At higher germination temperatures, seeds with higher proportions of saturated fatty acids will be selectively favored because their oils will provide more energy, without a penalty in the rate of energy acquisition. Macroevolutionary biogeographical evidence from a broad spectrum of seed plants and the genus Helianthus support the theory, as do microevolutionary biogeography and seed germination performance within species of Helianthus.
Context-aware resource allocation for cellular wireless networks (2012)

Current cellular networks are often overloaded by Smartphone traffic, while the users’ Quality of Service (QoS) demands are not met. To cope with this problem, we demonstrate a new radio resource management approach. With Context-Aware Resource Allocation, the base station’s scheduler (i) observes Context Information (CI) from the user’s environment and (ii) utilizes this knowledge for an efficient throughput-delay tradeoff. After introducing our framework for accessing CI from the handheld’s applications and operating system, we use time-utility functions to develop a practical scheduling algorithm. Studying this heuristic under various traffic assumptions shows that our context-aware scheduler can support three times the load of proportional fair scheduling, at equal capacity and utility. Thus, even a small degree of CI increases the wireless links’ efficiency without sacrificing the users’ QoS.
Interface of an Array of Five Capillaries with an Array of One-Nanoliter Wells for High-Resolution Electrophoretic Analysis as an Approach to High-Throughput Chemical Cytometry (2008)

We report a system that allows the simultaneous aspiration of one or more cells into each of five capillaries for electrophoresis analysis. A glass wafer was etched to create an array of 1-nL wells. The glass was treated with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) to control cell adherence. A suspension of formalin-fixed cells was placed on the surface, and cells were allowed to settle. The concentration of cells and the settling time were chosen so that there was, on average, one cell per well. Next, an array of five capillaries was placed so that the tip of each capillary was in contact with a single well. A pulse of vacuum was applied to the distal end of the capillaries to aspirate the content of each well into a capillary. Next, the tips of the capillaries were placed in running buffer and potential was applied. The cells lysed upon contact with the running buffer, and fluorescent components were detected at the distal end of the capillaries by laser-induced fluorescence. The electrophoretic separation efficiency was outstanding, generating over 750,000 theoretical plates (1,800,000 plates/m). In this example, AtT-20 cells were used that had been treated with TMR-G(M1). The cells were allowed to metabolize this substrate into a series of products before the cells were fixed. The number of cells found in each well was estimated visually under the microscope and was described by a Poisson distribution with mean of 0.98 cell/well. This system provides an approach to high-throughput chemical cytometry.
Single-frequency, atmospheric pressure CO2 laser (1977)

In the paper we describe a TEA CO2 laser operating on only one axial mode. The laser resonator is only 15 cm in length. In order to achieve reliable operation for such a small system a special excitation technique has been developed. This technique is described in detail. The main advantages of the system are the absence of a separate uv source and very reliable operation. In order to obtain single axial mode operation the frequency of the mode has to lie close to the central frequency of the transition. A cavity with tunable length was necessary to achieve this. The total output power of the laser is 35 mJ and the time duration of the pulse is 25 ns.