gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytokines in chronic inflammatory arthritis. V. Mutual antagonism between interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on HLA-DR expression, proliferation, collagenase production, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production by rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. (1990)

The effects of a broad array of cytokines, individually and in combination, were determined on separate functions (proliferation, collagenase production, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF] production) and phenotype (expression of class II MHC antigens) of cultured fibroblast-like RA synoviocytes. The following recombinant cytokines were used: IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, GM-CSF, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Only IFN-gamma induced HLA-DR (but not HLA-DQ) expression. TNF-alpha inhibited IFN-gamma-mediated HLA-DR expression (46.7 +/- 4.1% inhibition) and HLA-DR mRNA accumulation. This inhibitory effect was also observed in osteoarthritis synoviocytes. Only TNF-alpha and IL-1 increased synoviocyte proliferation (stimulation index 3.60 +/- 1.03 and 2.31 +/- 0.46, respectively). IFN-gamma (but none of the other cytokines) inhibited TNF-alpha-induced proliferation (70 +/- 14% inhibition) without affecting the activity of IL-1. Only IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha induced collagenase production (from less than 0.10 U/ml to 1.10 +/- 0.15 and 0.72 +/- 0.24, respectively). IFN-gamma decreased TNF-alpha-mediated collagenase production (69 +/- 19% inhibition) and GM-CSF production but had no effect on the action of IL-1. These data demonstrate mutual antagonism between IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on fibroblast-like synoviocytes and suggest a novel homeostatic control mechanism that might be defective in RA where very little IFN-gamma is produced.
Two fission yeast B-type cyclins, cig2 and Cdc13, have different functions in mitosis. (1993)

Cyclin B interacts with Cdc2 kinase to induce cell cycle events, particularly those of mitosis. The existence of cyclin B subtypes in several species has been known for some time, leading to speculation that key events of mitosis may be carried out by distinct functional classes of Cdc2/cyclin B. We report the discovery of cig2, a third B-type cyclin gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Disruption of cig2 delays the onset of mitosis, to the degree that a cig2 null allele rescues mitotic catastrophe mutants, including those that are unable to carry out the inhibitory tyrosyl phosphorylation of Cdc2 kinase. Consistent with this, a cig2 null allele exhibits synthetic lethal interactions with cdc25ts and cdc2ts mutations. Mitotic phenotypes caused by disruption of cig2 are not reversed by increased production of Cdc13, the other fission yeast B-type cyclin that functions in mitosis. Likewise, a cdc13ts mutation is not rescued by increased gene dosage of cig2+. These data indicate that Cdc13 and Cig2 interact with Cdc2 to carry out different functions in mitosis. We suggest that some cyclin B subtypes found in other species, including humans, are also likely to have distinct, nonoverlapping functions in mitosis.
The sequence effect and gait festination in Parkinson disease: Contributors to freezing of gait? (2006)

Festination and freezing of gait (FOG) are poorly understood gait disorders that cause disability and falls in people with Parkinson disease (PD). In PD, basal ganglia malfunction leads to motor set deficits (hypokinesia), while altered motor cue production leads to a sequence effect, whereby movements becomes progressively smaller as in festination. We suggest both factors may contribute to FOG. Disturbance of set maintenance by the basal ganglia in PD has previously been examined in gait, but limited systematic evaluation of the sequence effect exists. In this study, we investigated the step-to-step amplitude relationship in 10 PD subjects with clinical evidence of festination and FOG. Four conditions were examined: off levodopa, off with attentional strategies, off with visual cues, and on levodopa. Participants demonstrated a sequence effect (F = 6.24; P = 0.001), which was reversed only by use of visual cues. In contrast, medication, attentional strategies, and visual cues all improved hypokinesia. Variability was marked both within and between participants in all conditions. The variability of FOG is suggested to relate to a combination of factors, including the sequence effect and its variability, as well as the severity of hypokinesia and its response to medications.
Controllable AuPt bimetallic hollow nanostructures (2004)

We describe a facile procedure for one step, large-scale synthesis of AuPt bimetallic hollow tube-like 1-D nanomaterials and hollow nanospheres, which can be easily manipulated by merely changing the concentration of citric acid.
Three-dimensional bioprinting of thick vascularized tissues (2016)

Significance Current tissue manufacturing methods fail to recapitulate the geometry, complexity, and longevity of human tissues. We report a multimaterial 3D bioprinting method that enables the creation of thick human tissues (>1 cm) replete with an engineered extracellular matrix, embedded vasculature, and multiple cell types. These 3D vascularized tissues can be actively perfused with growth factors for long durations (>6 wk) to promote differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells toward an osteogenic lineage in situ. The ability to construct and perfuse 3D tissues that integrate parenchyma, stroma, and endothelium is a foundational step toward creating human tissues for ex vivo and in vivo applications.
Hydrophobic properties of zeolites (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrophobic properties of zeolitesN. Y. ChenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1976, 80, 1, 60–64Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100542a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j100542a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2241Altmetric-Citations285LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Effect of a Tannin-Fluoride Mixture on Human Dental Enamel (1993)

In this study, the effect of a tannin-fluoride mixture (Ta-F, 0.5% tannic acid, 450 ppm fluoride, pH 5.9) on dental enamel has been investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), compared with the effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF, 0.015 M phosphoric acid, 450 ppm fluoride, pH 5.3). Under the SEM, a large number of spherical globules (1-5 microns in diameter) were observed on the enamel surface treated with Ta-F. On a fractured cross section, these large globules showed a columnar appearance, measuring 2.5-5 microns each in height. They had a good range and formed a single coating layer on the enamel, whereas on the APF-treated enamel only very small spherical globules 0.1-0.5 micron in diameter were seen. Moreover, three types of connective patterns were observed between the basal ends of these columnar deposits and the enamel surface: (a) a pattern loosely attached to the enamel surface, (b) a pattern partially connected with the crystals of enamel, and (c) a pattern inserted into the pores of enamel. These columnar deposits also showed very strong resistance either to acid decalcification or to water washing. By EPMA and XRD examinations, a remarkable elevation of the fluoride profile accompanied by a high elevation of calcium was observed and CaF2 peaks were detected on the enamel surface. These results suggest that the columnar deposits might contain the CaF2-like substances and possess unique morphological and qualitative features which are quite different from the deposits found after APF or NaF treatment as described in previous studies.
Association of <i>CD22</i> gene polymorphism with susceptibility to limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (2007)

Activating and inhibitory signal transducers, CD19 and CD22, have been substantially implicated both in human systemic sclerosis (SSc) and tight-skin mouse, a model for SSc. We previously showed that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in CD19 promoter region was significantly associated with increased CD19 expression level and with susceptibility to SSc. In the present study, we examined whether CD22 polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to SSc. CD22 variations were genotyped in 126 Japanese patients with SSc [47 diffuse cutaneous SSc and 79 limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc)] and 93 unrelated healthy controls. At the c.2304C > A SNP coding for a synonymous substitution in exon 13, A/A genotype was observed in six patients with SSc (4.8 %) but none in the controls (P=0.040). All six patients with A/A genotype belonged to the lcSSc subgroup (7.6%, P=0.008 vs controls). Surface expression level of CD22 tended to be lower in B cells from the patients with A/A genotype (n=5) as compared with C/A (n=7) or C/C (n=14) genotype (17% decrease, P=0.0032). Taken together with our previous observation on CD19 polymorphism, intrinsic difference in the expression level of CD19 and CD22 was suggested to play a causative role in a proportion of patients with lcSSc.
In-situ Hybridization to Messenger RNA in Heterodera glycines. (1998)

A method is presented for in-situ hybridization to mRNA in second-stage juveniles (J2) of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines. The protocol was developed using a digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe transcribed from cDNA of a cellulase gene that was known to be expressed in the subventral esophageal glands of H. glycines. Formaldehyde-fixed J2 were cut into sections with a vibrating razor blade to make the inside of the nematodes accessible for probing. These nematode fragments then were hybridized in suspension with riboprobe, and labeled with an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated antibody to digoxigenin. Staining with nitroblue tetrazolium and bromo-chloro-indolyl phosphate revealed a highly specific hybridization signal to mRNA within the cytoplasm of the subventral gland cells, using this specific antisense probe. This in-situ hybridization protocol will be useful for the characterization and identification of esophageal gland secretion genes in plant-parasitic nematodes, among other applications.
Tumour enhancement with newly developed Mn-metalloporphyrin (HOP-9P) in magnetic resonance imaging of mice (2001)

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the tumour enhancing characteristics and biodistribution of a newly developed metalloporphyrin derivative, HOP-9P (13, 17-bis (1-carboxypropionyl) carbamoylethyl-3, 8-bis (1-phenylpropyloxyethyl)-2,7,12,18-tetra- methyl-porphynato manganese (III)). Seven mice bearing SCC VII tumours were imaged using T1-weighted conventional spin echo magnetic resonance images before and 5 min, 2 h and 24 h after intravenous injection of 0.1 mmol/kg of HOP-9P. For the acquired images, signal intensities of the tumour, muscle and oil-phantom were measured. Then, tumor/oil and tumor/muscle signal intensity ratios were calculated. Nineteen mice were sacrificed before or after the administration of HOP-9P (at 5 min, 2 h and 24 h), and the biodistribution of manganese in the tumour, muscle, liver, blood and kidneys was measured using optical emission spectrometers and was expressed as micrograms of manganese per gram of tissue. The tumour/muscle signal intensity ratio at 24 h (3.18 +/- 0.34) was significantly higher than precontrast ratio (1.77 +/- 0.20) (P < 0.05). The biodistribution assessment of manganese demonstrated that HOP-9P gradually and consistently accumulated in the tumour to reach the highest concentration at 24 h (3.49 +/- 1.22 micro gMn/g). It is concluded that HOP-9P is a potential tumour-specific MR contrast agent.
The progressive differentiation of primed T cells is associated with an increasing susceptibility to apoptosis (1994)

Recent studies have suggested that T cell memory for recall antigens resides in clones of primed T cells with a short inter-mitotic half-life. In humans such cells express an isoform of the leukocyte common antigen termed CD45RO. Nevertheless, little is known of the fate of these primed T cells after initial activation, since no markers are available to distinguish recently primed cells from long-established clones. This report is focused on a spectrum of primed CD4+ T cells characterized by an inverse relationship between the expression of two CD45 epitopes: CD45RB and CD45RO. We show that primed CD4+ T cells progress through many cycles of division from a CD45RBbrightOdull to a CD45RBdullObright state, resulting in a highly skewed distribution of the T cell receptor variable region usage within this particular population. The progressive differentiation defined by the shift from CD45RBbright to CD45RBdull is paralleled by the gradual loss of bcl-2 and gain of Fas expression, two features associated with an increased propensity for apoptosis. At the same time, the highly differentiated CD45RBdull cells selectively lose the capacity to synthesize interleukin (IL)-2, a cytokine which is particularly effective in preventing T cell apoptosis, although they produce high levels of IL-4. The inability to produce adequate levels of IL-2 leads to the apoptosis of primed CD45RBdull cells, when they are stimulated in the absence of exogenous IL-2. These observations show the crucial dependence of highly differentiated T cells on the availability of exogenous IL-2, and suggest both a major constraint for the persistence of T cell memory maintained by continually cycling primed cells, and an important mechanism contributing to the maintenance of T cell homeostasis in vivo.
Investigation on the use of coir fiber as alternative reinforcement in polypropylene (2010)

Abstract Polypropylene/coir fiber composites were prepared according to an experimental statistical design, in which the independent variables, coir fiber, and compatibilizer content, were varied. The compatibilizer used was maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐ g ‐MA). Compatibilizer free composites were also prepared. Composites were processed in a corotating twin‐screw extruder and submitted to mechanical and morphological analyses. The effects of the independent variables on the mechanical properties were assessed through tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural modulus, and impact strength. The morphological properties were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated the need for using compatibilizers in the composites due to the incompatibility of PP and coir fiber. The variable with the strongest effect on the properties was coir content, whose increase caused increase in tensile strength, impact strength and elastic modulus, and decrease in elongation at break. The presence of PP‐ g ‐MA was fundamental to achieving the aforementioned results. The effect of increasing compatibilizer content was only observed for the elastic modulus. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Formation Fracturing by Pore Pressure Drop (Laboratory Study) (2013)

Pore pressure increase in saturated porous rocks may result in its fracturing and corresponding microseismic event occurrences. Another type of the porous medium fracturing is related with rapid pore pressure drop at some boundary. If the porous saturated medium has a boundary where it directly contacted with fluid under the high pore pressure, and the pressure at that boundary is dropped, the conditions for tensile cracks can be achieved at some distance from the boundary. In the paper, the results of experimental study of fracturing of the saturated porous artificial material due to pore pressure rapid drop are presented. It was found that multiple microfracturing occurred during the pore pressure dropping, which is governed by pore pressure gradient. Repeated pressure drops result in subsequent increase of the sample permeability. The permeability was estimated on the basis of non-linear pore-elasticity equation with permeability dependent on pressure. The implementation of calculations to laboratory experiment data showed significant variation of the porous sample permeability during the initial non-stationary stage of the fluid pressure drop. The acoustic emission activity variation was found to be controlled by pore pressure gradient and changes of the number of potential fractures, which can be activated by the pore pressure gradient. It was found, that the probability distribution of these “potential fractures” could be approximated by a Weibull distribution. A way of solution of the inverse problem of local permeability defining from microseismic activity variation in a particular volume of porous medium was suggested.
Isolated interleaved-phase-shift-PWM DC-DC ZVS converters (2002)

This paper describes the operation principles of an isolated ZVS DC-DC converter, which is composed by two half-bridge converters. Soft-switching is achieved for a wide load range. This ZVS DC-DC converter operates at constant frequency and it is phase-shift modulated. The main advantage of the phase-shift interleaving is the equalization of the input capacitor voltage, where each capacitor shares one-quarter of the total input voltage. The converter can be an alternative for ZVS phase-shift full-bridge DC-DC converter for high voltage applications, as result of the series arrangement in one of the two half-bridge converters. Analysis, operating principle and design procedures are presented in the paper. Experimental results from a 1.5 kW prototype converter operating at 100 kHz with isolated 60 V/25 A output are presented to validate the theoretical analysis.
A Derived Markov Process for Modeling Reaction Networks (2003)

A reaction network arises when a set of reactants (chromosomes, chemicals, economic goods, or the like) recombine at specified rates to produce other reactants in the set. When the reactants are characterized in terms of “reactive regions” (schemata, active sites, building blocks), reaction networks can be modeled by classic stochastic urn models. The corresponding Markov processes are specified by matrices that, for realistic problems, are small enough to allow standard matrix operations and Monte Carlo estimates of important properties of the trajectory of the process, such as the expected time to first occurrence of some designated reactant.
Trinuclear Clusters of the Early Transition Elements (1980)

Abstract Trinuclear clusters of the early transition elements, i.e. those elements situated on the left‐hand side of the transition series, represent the simplest types of clusters. They characteristically have a pronounced formation tendency and high stability; they are therefore produced under a wide variety of conditions and their triangular M 3 skeleton is conserved in ligand exchange reactions. These clusters play a very important role in the chemistry of the respective elements, and especially those of the 4 d and 5 d series. Biochemical implications are of interest in connection with Mo IV . This progress report presents a systematic account of the chemistry and the molecular and electronic structure of such compounds. A connection is also established with the crystal field treatment of mononuclear metal complexes.
Loss of Flight and Associated Neuronal Rhythmicity in Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Mutants of<i>Drosophila</i> (2004)

Coordinated flight in winged insects requires rhythmic activity of the underlying neural circuit. Here, we show that Drosophila mutants for the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3)) receptor gene (itpr) are flightless. Electrophysiological recordings from thoracic indirect flight muscles show increased spontaneous firing accompanied by a loss of rhythmic flight activity patterns normally generated in response to a gentle puff of air. In contrast, climbing speed, the jump response, and electrical properties of the giant fiber pathway are normal, indicating that general motor coordination and neuronal excitability are much less sensitive to itpr mutations. All mutant phenotypes are rescued by expression of an itpr(+) transgene in serotonin and dopamine neurons. Pharmacological and immunohistochemical experiments support the idea that the InsP(3) receptor functions to modulate flight specifically through serotonergic interneurons. InsP(3) receptor action appears to be important for normal development of the flight circuit and its central pattern generator.
Purification of Shiga toxin by α‐<scp>d</scp>‐galactose‐(1 → 4)‐β‐<scp>d</scp>‐galactose‐(1 → 4)‐ β‐<scp>d</scp>‐glucose‐(1 →) receptor ligand‐based chromatography (1989)

A simple and rapid method for Shiga toxin purification based on specific binding to the Gal alpha 1----4Gal beta 1----4Glc globotrioside trisaccharide covalently linked to polyacryl/polyvinyl (Fractogel) has been developed. A cell-free sonicate-filtrate of Shigella dysenteriae type 1, strain 114Sd was passed over the globotrioside-Fractogel column, and bound toxin eluted with 6 M guanidine-HCl. A yield of 36 mg pure toxin/1 sonicate-filtrate was obtained, i.e. a one step 1224-fold purification. The recovery of biologically active toxin was 87%. The toxin was purified to homogeneity as shown by native PAGE and SDS-PAGE.
Observation of Transient Structural-Transformation Dynamics in a Cu <sub>2</sub> S Nanorod (2011)

The study of first-order structural transformations has been of great interest to scientists in many disciplines. Expectations from phase-transition theory are that the system fluctuates between two equilibrium structures near the transition point and that the region of transition broadens in small crystals. We report the direct observation of structural fluctuations within a single nanocrystal using transmission electron microscopy. We observed trajectories of structural transformations in individual nanocrystals with atomic resolution, which reveal details of the fluctuation dynamics, including nucleation, phase propagation, and pinning of structural domains by defects. Such observations provide crucial insight for the understanding of microscopic pathways of phase transitions.
Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Polyen‐diketone (1948)

Abstract Durch Kondensation von Diacetyl mit Furfurol, Zimtaldehyd und dessen Vinylogen in Gegenwart von Piperidinacetat wurden ungesättigte Polyen‐diketone dargestellt. Bei den niederen Gliedern entstanden die beiderseitig substituierten Derivate, beim 7‐Phenyl‐heptatrienal das Gemisch des einseitig substituierten Methyl‐diketons mit dem symmetrischen Substitutionsprodukt, beim 11‐undecapentaenal nur das einseitig substituierte Derivat. Die Ergebnisse werden denen von P. Karrer, Ch. Cochand und N. Neuß gegenübergestellt; Piperidin‐Ion ist als Katalysator wirksamer als Piperidin.