gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Area Partitioning for Channel Network Extraction Using Digital Elevation Models and Remote Sensing (2011)

Digital elevation models (DEMs) have been widely used in drainage network extraction; however, DEM-based methods often experience challenges in flat areas, where remote sensing imagery is usually informative. This letter proposes an idea of area partition in drainage network extraction. The entire study area is partitioned based on the number of maximum elevation gradients (MEGs). Areas with multiple MEGs (MMEGs) normally include flat areas and, therefore, can be problematic when using DEM-based methods. Remote sensing information can be used together with DEMs to extract drainage networks in these areas. On the contrary, drainage networks can be well defined solely from DEMs in single MEG areas. In a case study, the area partition strategy has been applied and tested in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin in the southern region of the Tibetan Plateau. Validated using a manually interpreted channel network from high-resolution data sets, this approach generated a nonbroken channel network covering 98.0% of the reference network. These results show that applying remote sensing information only in MMEG areas performs better than throughout the entire study area.
3,5‐Disubstituted‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles and 4,5‐dihydro‐3,5‐disubstituted‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles (1978)

Abstract A series of 3,5‐disubstituted‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles ( 2 ) were prepared from a mono‐ or dichlorophenyl‐substituted amidoxime and (i) an acid chloride, (ii) an isatoic anhydride, or (iii) a β‐keto ester. Although cyclizations of the same amidoximes with acetaldehyde gave 4,5‐dihydro‐5‐methyl‐substituted derivatives ( 5 ), that annulation procedure either failed or gave low yields with other aldehydes. A novel alternative method, the diborane reduction of 2 , has been found to be a generally applicable procedure for preparing 5 . The reduction is regioselective, i.e. , only the 4,5‐(C=N) linkage is reduced even when a large excess of diborane is present.
miR‐34c is downregulated in prostate cancer and exerts tumor suppressive functions (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. There have been several reports of miRNA deregulation in prostate cancer (PCa) and the biological evidence for an involvement of miRNAs in prostate tumorigenesis is increasing. In this study, we show that miR-34c is downregulated in PCa (p = 0.0005) by performing qRT-PCR on 49 TURPs from PCa patients compared to 25 from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The miR-34c expression was found to inversely correlate to aggressiveness of the tumor, WHO grade, PSA levels and occurrence of metastases. Furthermore, a Kaplan-Meier analysis of patient survival based on miR-34c expression levels divided into low (< 50th percentile) and high (> 50th percentile) expression, significantly divides the patients into high risk and low risk patients (p = 0.0003, log-rank test). The phenotypic effects of miR-34c deregulation were studied in prostate cell lines, where ectopic expression of miR-34c decreased cell growth, due to both a decrease in cellular proliferation rate and an increase in apoptosis. In concordance to this, miR-34c was found to negatively regulate the oncogenes E2F3 and BCL-2, which stimulates proliferation and suppress apoptosis in PCa cells, respectively. Reversely, we could also show that blocking miR-34c in vitro increases cell growth. Further, ectopic expression of miR-34c was found to suppress migration and invasion. Our findings provide new insight into the role of miR-34c in the prostate, exhibiting tumor suppressing effects on proliferation, apoptosis and invasiveness.
Quantitative Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Hydrocarbons with Capillary Column and Flame Ionization Detector (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Hydrocarbons with Capillary Column and Flame Ionization DetectorI. Halasz and W. SchneiderCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 8, 978–982Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60176a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60176a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Service management systems for public transport-the German approach (1993)

Service management systems for public transport are used in many countries in Europe and have a great potential for improving the quality of service and therefore its attractiveness to passengers. The equipment provides public transport operators with real-time information on the operational status of the public transport system, which allows them to more effectively manage their fleet, and to take remedial actions if disruptions occur. In addition, these systems can provide real time information to passengers, both on the vehicle and at bus stops and form the basis of intelligent bus priority systems. The components of these systems fall into five broad categories: the vehicle equipment; roadside beacon equipment; the control centre; data communication system; and bus stop displays. Each of these components is described.
First‐trimester maternal serum PP‐13, PAPP‐A and second‐trimester uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index as markers of pre‐eclampsia (2006)

First-trimester PP-13 levels may be useful in predicting pre-eclampsia and early pre-eclampsia, and the accuracy of the method increases when coupled with second-trimester Doppler PI measurement. First-trimester PAPP-A provides some prediction for pre-eclamspia when combined with PI but does not add to the prediction of early pre-eclampsia when PP-13 and PI are used together. Further studies are required to establish the real value of PP-13 in first-trimester screening for pre-eclampsia.
Texture Partitioning and Packing for Accelerating Texture-Based Volume Rendering (2003)

We present a critique of language-based modelling for text input research, and propose an alternative input-based approach. Current language-based statistical models are derived from large samples of text (corpora). However, this text reflects only the output, or final result, of the text input task. We argue that this weakens the utility of the model, because, (1) users' language is typically quite different from that in any corpus; punctuation symbols, acronyms, slang, etc. are frequently used. (2) A corpus does not reflect the editing process used in its creation. (3) No existing corpus captures the input modalities of text input devices. Actions associated with keys such as Shift, Alt, and Ctrl are missing. We present a study to validate our arguments. Keystroke data from four subjects were collected over a one-month period. Results are presented that support the need for input-based language modelling for text input.
ChemInform Abstract: Tris(2‐pyridyl) Tripod Ligands (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The lactoperoxidase system: the influence of iodide and the chemical and antimicrobial stability over the period of about 18 months (2000)

The lactoperoxidase (LP) system is a natural antimicrobial system, the use of which has been suggested as a preservative in foods and pharmaceuticals. The effect of adding iodide to the LP system, the chemical stability and the change in antimicrobial effectiveness during storage was studied. Addition of iodide with thiocyanate increased the fungicidal and bactericidal effect against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the same inhibition in the LP system with iodide and without iodide. Storage of the LP system in completely filled airtight containers for 18 months caused a 35% loss of the initial thiocyanate concentration. The antimicrobial activity of this LP system was strong enough to kill inocula of 106 cfu ml-1 of the four test organisms within 2 h of contact time. During storage of the air-containing LP system, the concentration of thiocyanate was reduced below detection limit within 7 d, the concentrations of hypothiocyanite and hypoiodite within 350 d. After 516 d the antimicrobial activity of air-containing LP system was strong enough to kill inocula of 106 cfu ml-1 Ps. aeruginosa within 2 h, Staph. aureus within 4 h and Candida albicans and E. coli within 1 week of contact time.
Fundamental principles of transformer thermal loading and protection (2010)

Power transformers are traditionally protected by differential protection schemes that use voltages and currents to detect abnormalities in the differential zone of protection. For this type of scheme, a short circuit or high magnitude current must be present to initiate a trip. However, this scheme might not be ideal when transformers need to be overloaded to mitigate contingency conditions. Using the IEEE Guide for Loading of Oil-Immersed Power Transformers C57.91-1995, one can thermally rate transformers beyond their nameplate conditions to a level that is safe for operation. Using the guide, engineers can establish continuous, emergency and short term emergency transformer ratings. Operators can use these ratings until the contingency conditions are mitigated. However, once the transformer has surpassed the short term emergency ratings, the transformer might reach critical temperatures and could possibly sustain damage. Protection engineers can avoid further transformer damage by using the thermal protection principles of the IEEE standard. This paper discusses the fundamental thermal principles of power transformers, philosophies of operations and the implementations of thermal protection.
Introduction to bosonization (2003)

This is a pedagogical introduction to the general technique of bosonization of one-dimensional systems starting from scratch and assuming very little besides basic quantum mechanics and second quantization. The formalism is developed in a self-contained fashion and applied to the spinless and spin- Luttinger models, working out both single and two particle correlation functions. The implications of these results for the specific cases of the (anisotropic) Heisenberg and the Hubbard models are discussed. Although everything in these notes can be found in the published literature, detailed and explicit calculations of most of the results are given, which may prove useful to beginning graduate students or researchers in this area.
Cooperative Binding Interactions of Glycopeptide Antibiotics (2002)

Glycopeptide antibiotics of the vancomycin group bind to bacterial cell wall analogue precursors, and typically also form dimers. We have studied the interplay between these two sets of noncovalent bonds formed at separate interfaces. Indole-2-carboxylic acid (L) forms a set of hydrogen bonds to the glycopeptide antibiotic chloroeremomycin (CE) that are analogous to those formed by N-Ac-D-Ala. The ligand/CE dimer interactions (in L/CE/CE/L) are shown to occur with positive cooperativity and structural tightening at the dimer interface. From theoretical considerations and from other data, it is inferred, but not proven, that in the exercise of positive cooperativity, the interface that will be tightened to the greatest degree is the one that lies in the shallowest free energy well.
Locally manipulating the geometry of curved surfaces (1992)

Interactive tools that can be used to edit a curved surface locally by altering its intrinsic geometric measures are described. The interface consists of two parts. The first uses graphic displays that illustrate specific characteristics of the surface. Users can isolate different types of curves on a surface. These curves yield unique information about the surface. The second part of the interface uses some of the specialized icons to interactively manipulate the surface itself. The methods can be used with many previously published techniques, and, because they are based on the intrinsic differential geometry of the surface, can be applied to all types of surfaces (parametric, implicit, algebraic, and so forth).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A fibrinogen‐derived peptide induces clathrin‐ and caveolaeindependent endocytosis in endothelial cells (2012)

Endocytosis serves key functions in the vascular endothelium, with clathrin‐ and caveolae‐mediated endocytosis as the most prevalent pathways in this tissue. For instance clathrin mediates E‐ and P‐selectin uptake, and turnover of thrombomodulin occurs via caveolae. Clathrin‐ and caveolae‐independent pathways are also found in the endothelium, as is the case of syndecan‐4‐mediated endocytosis of fibroblast growth factor and uptake of antibody‐targeted drug nanocarriers (NCs) by intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1), a protein involved in inflammation and thrombosis. The latter pathway, cell adhesion molecule (CAM)‐ mediated endocytosis, depends on amiloride‐sensitive sodium proton exchanger 1 (NHE1) and actin stress fibers. To assess whether ICAM‐1 can also mediate endocytosis of a natural binding partner, we coated NCs with a fibrinogen‐derived peptide, gamma 3 (γ3). Radioisotope tracing, fluorescence and electron microscopy revealed that γ3 NCs specifically bound to ICAM‐1, induced actin stress fibers, and elicited amiloride‐sensitive endocytosis in cell culture and mice, followed by trafficking to lysosomes. These results show that clathrin‐ and caveolae‐independent CAM‐mediated endocytosis also operates upon binding of ligands derived from natural binding partners of ICAM‐1, providing a framework for understanding the physiological role of this endocytic pathway.
Modern Electronics for Geotechnical Engineers (1981)

Abstract The fundamental principles of microprocessors are described. Emphasis is placed on process control and data acquisition uses. The pinout and architecture of the CDP1802 are detailed.
Effects of flavonoids on the growth and cell cycle of cancer cells. (2000)

In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicities of flavone (F01), 3-hydroxyflavone (F02), 6- hydroxyflavone (F03), 7-hydroxyflavone (F04), 3,6-dihydroxyflavone (F05), 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (F06) and 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone (F07) to human cancer cells including P- glycoprotein (Pgp)-expressing HCT15 cells and its multidrug resistant subline, HCT15/CL02 cells. We also examined the effects of those flavonoids on the cell cycle of these cancer cells. HCT15/CL02 cells did not reveal resistance to all the flavonoids tested in comparison with HCT15 cells. In cell cycle analysis, all the flavonoids tested, except F01 and F04, reduced the G0/G1 population of SF295 cells at growth inhibitory concentrations, and increased G2/M (F02, F03 and F06) or S (F05 and F07) populations. In addition, F02 and F03 decreased the G2/M and G0/G1 population, and increased the S and G2/M population in HCT15 cells, respectively. Meanwhile, in HCT15/CL02 cells, F02 and F03 decreased the G0/G1 populations and increased the S population. In conclusion, we deemed that the flavonoids tested had diverse cytotoxic mechanisms, and exerted their cell growth inhibitory or killing activity by distinctive ways in different cells.
Registration of 3D spectral OCT volumes combining ICP with a graph-based approach (2012)

The introduction of spectral Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scanners has enabled acquisition of high resolution, 3D cross-sectional volumetric images of the retina. 3D-OCT is used to detect and manage eye diseases such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. To follow-up patients over time, image registration is a vital tool to enable more precise, quantitative comparison of disease states. In this work we present a 3D registrationmethod based on a two-step approach. In the first step we register both scans in the XY domain using an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) based algorithm. This algorithm is applied to vessel segmentations obtained from the projection image of each scan. The distance minimized in the ICP algorithm includes measurements of the vessel orientation and vessel width to allow for a more robust match. In the second step, a graph-based method is applied to find the optimal translation along the depth axis of the individual A-scans in the volume to match both scans. The cost image used to construct the graph is based on the mean squared error (MSE) between matching A-scans in both images at different translations. We have applied this method to the registration of Optic Nerve Head (ONH) centered 3D-OCT scans of the same patient. First, 10 3D-OCT scans of 5 eyes with glaucoma imaged in vivo were registered for a qualitative evaluation of the algorithm performance. Then, 17 OCT data set pairs of 17 eyes with known deformation were used for quantitative assessment of the method's robustness.
In Vivo Expression Analysis of the P97 and P102 Paralog Families of <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> (2005)

The P97 adhesin and P102 genes of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae each have six paralogs in the genome. We tested whether these genes were expressed during infection. P102 is associated with the mycoplasma and with swine cilia. Further, most of the paralogs were transcribed in vivo in two gene transcriptional units.
Lipid Bilayer Simulations of CXCR4 with Inverse Agonists and Weak Partial Agonists (2003)

CXCR4 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that has multiple critical functions in normal and pathologic physiology that include regulation of the metastatic behavior of mammary carcinoma, and utilization as a coreceptor for infection by T-tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus-1. Molecular dynamic simulations of the rhodopsin-based homology model of CXCR4 were performed in a solvated lipid bilayer to reproduce the microenvironment of this integral membrane protein. The amino acids in CXCR4 necessary for interaction with an inverse agonist, T140, and a weak partial agonist, AMD3100, identified by alanine scanning mutants, were spatially consistent when computationally docked. Whereas T140 binds residues in extracellular domains and regions of the hydrophobic core proximal to the cell surface, amino acids in the central hydrophobic core are critical to binding of AMD3100. The physical localization of T140 binding to CXCR4 by biochemical analyses corroborated the molecular and computational approaches. The structural basis for the interaction of T140 and AMD3100 with CXCR4 confirms that the mechanisms used by these agents are different. This complementary utilization of molecular, physical, and computation analysis provides a powerful approach to elucidate GPCR conformation.
Matrix metalloproteinases 19 and 20 cleave aggrecan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) (2000)

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-19 and MMP-20 (enamelysin) are two recently discovered members of the MMP family. These enzymes are involved in the degradation of the various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during development, haemostasis and pathological conditions. Whereas MMP-19 mRNA is found widely expressed in body tissues, including the synovium of normal and rheumatoid arthritic patients, MMP-20 expression is restricted to the enamel organ. In this study we investigated the ability of MMP-19 and MMP-20 to cleave two of the macromolecules characterising the cartilage ECM, namely aggrecan and the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). Both MMPs hydrolysed aggrecan efficiently at the well-described MMP cleavage site between residues Asn(341) and Phe(342), as shown by Western blotting using neo-epitope antibodies. Furthermore, the two enzymes cleaved COMP in a distinctive manner, generating a major proteolytic product of 60 kDa. Our results suggest that MMP-19 may participate in the degradation of aggrecan and COMP in arthritic disease, whereas MMP-20, due to its unique expression pattern, may primarily be involved in the turnover of these molecules during tooth development.
Two-point-separation in super-resolution fluorescence microscope based on up-conversion fluorescence depletion technique (2003)

Pronounced separation (750 nm) between two individual fluorescence spots in a novel super-resolution microscopy based on a two-color up-conversion fluorescence depletion technique has been investigated. This microscopy has the potential to achieve a spatial resolution (<300nm) of 1/2 the diffraction limit.
Surface chemistry of diethylsilane and diethylgermane on Si(100): An atomic layer epitaxy approach (1994)

The surface chemistry of diethylsilane (DES) and diethylgermane (DEG) on the Si(100) surface was studied using high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption. High-resolution electron-energy-loss spectra indicate that the precursors chemisorbed dissociatively as (C2H5)2MHx(ad) and (2−x)H(ad) [x=0,1; M=Si or Ge] groups at room temperature and that the ethyl groups remain bonded to the precursor Si or Ge. Thermal annealing of DEG covered surfaces indicated that the ethyl groups remain attached to Ge at least up to the desorption temperature. Ethyl ligands react to form ethylene via a β-hydride elimination pathway. The ethylene desorption peak temperature from DEG dosed surfaces was approximately 40 K lower than that from DES dosed surfaces (733 K). We propose that ethylene desorbs from Ge atoms rather than from Si surface atoms. The hydrogen remaining on the surface after ethylene desorption desorbs from the β1 state, with peak maxima at 810 and 780 K for DES/Si(100) and DEG/Si(100), respectively.
Spacecraft ring-bus power system management scheme (2010)

This paper presents the results of studies which applies a multi-objective optimization function for the management of a solar based DC spacecraft network of the ring bus topology. The optimization function is utilized which features the objectives of optimizing the utilization of solar energy to continually meet the needs of the network while minimizing battery discharge current and current flows among ring buses. This work is an extension of the previous studies conducted where reliability studies are conducted for failure scenarios, states of battery charge and variability of the loads. An optimum power management program is developed where operating strategy and corresponding control actions are identified to maintain system reliability and serviceability.
Más allá del fútbol: ¿la educación física en femenino? (2010)

El articulo forma parte de una seccion monografica dedicada a los saberes de las mujeres en educacion.