gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High performance spatial queries for spatial big data (2015)

Support of high performance queries on large volumes of spatial data has become increasingly important in many application domains, including geospatial problems in numerous disciplines, location based services, and emerging medical imaging applications. There are two major challenges for managing massive spatial data to support spatial queries: the explosion of spatial data, and the high computational complexity of spatial queries. Our goal is to develop a general framework to support high performance spatial queries and analytics for spatial big data on MapReduce and CPU-GPU hybrid platforms. In this paper, we introduce Hadoop-GIS -- a scalable and high performance spatial data warehousing system for running large scale spatial queries on Hadoop. Hadoop-GIS supports multiple types of spatial queries on MapReduce through skew-aware spatial partitioning, on-demand indexing, customizable spatial query engine RESQUE, implicit parallel spatial query execution on MapReduce, and effective methods for amending query results through handling boundary objects. To accelerate compute-intensive geometric operations, GPU based geometric computation algorithms are integrated into MapReduce pipelines. Our experiments have demonstrated that Hadoop-GIS is highly efficient and scalable, and outperforms parallel spatial DBMS for compute-intensive spatial queries.
Towards an on-chip signal processing solution for the online calibration of SS-OCT systems (2017)

This paper demonstrates a low complexity, computationally efficient method for the real-time calibration of Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) systems. In this work, Interpolated Discrete Fourier Transform (IpDFT) based algorithms were explored as a highly efficient alternative for instantaneous frequency measurement and wavenumber calibration of fast optical swept sources. Various IpDFT based methods are implemented and results are evaluated against commonly performed calibration techniques such as Hilbert transformation. Simulation shows execution times decisively improved by up to a factor of ten, depending on observational window length. Axial resolution was also slightly improved. Moreover, the inverse tangent and phase unwrapping steps necessary for Hilbert transform calibration techniques are eliminated, vastly reducing circuit implementation complexity and making the system suitable for future inexpensive, power efficient, on-chip solutions in SS-OCT post-processing.
Lipidic Pore Formation by the Concerted Action of Proapoptotic BAX and tBID (2004)

BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only proteins of the BCL-2 family such as tBID and BIM EL assist BAX-type proteins to breach the permeability barrier of the outer mitochondrial membrane, thereby allowing cytoplasmic release of cytochrome c and other active inducers of cell death normally confined to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. However, the exact mechanism by which tBID and BIM EL aid BAX and its close homologues in this mitochondrial protein release remains enigmatic. Here, using pure lipid vesicles, we provide evidence that tBID acts in concert with BAX to 1) form large membrane openings through both BH3-dependent and BH3-independent mechanisms, 2) cause lipid transbilayer movement concomitant with membrane permeabilization, and 3) disrupt the lipid bilayer structure of the membrane by promoting positive monolayer curvature stress. None of these effects were observed with BAX when BIM EL was substituted for tBID. Based on these data, we propose a novel model in which tBID assists BAX not only via protein-protein but also via protein-lipid interactions to form lipidic pore-type nonbilayer structures in the outer mitochondrial membrane through which intermembrane prodeath molecules exit mitochondria during apoptosis.
Formation of native prions from minimal components <i>in vitro</i> (2007)

The conformational change of a host protein, PrP(C), into a disease-associated isoform, PrP(Sc), appears to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and scrapie. However, the fundamental mechanism by which infectious prions are produced in neurons remains unknown. To investigate the mechanism of prion formation biochemically, we conducted a series of experiments using the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) technique with a preparation containing only native PrP(C) and copurified lipid molecules. These experiments showed that successful PMCA propagation of PrP(Sc) molecules in a purified system requires accessory polyanion molecules. In addition, we found that PrP(Sc) molecules could be formed de novo from these defined components in the absence of preexisting prions. Inoculation of samples containing either prion-seeded or spontaneously generated PrP(Sc) molecules into hamsters caused scrapie, which was transmissible on second passage. These results show that prions able to infect wild-type hamsters can be formed from a minimal set of components including native PrP(C) molecules, copurified lipid molecules, and a synthetic polyanion.
Clinical nuclear cardiology: flow tracers and free fatty acid analogs to detect viable myocardium after infarction. (1996)

Among the available invasive and noninvasive modalities, nuclear cardiology techniques utilizing single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) have achieved a preeminent position for the assessment of myocardial viability. This arises from the rather unique potential of scintigraphic methods to assess myocardial perfusion, cell membrane integrity, and metabolic activity. The purpose of this article is to review the relative merits and limitations of myocardial flow tracers (thallium and sestamibi) and metabolic tracers (fatty acid analogs) to identify residual myocardial viability in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction.
Relic Slip Verification Study - Tauranga District (2003)

A study carried out by the authors in late 2000 using air-photo interpretation. supplemented by field checking, identified more than 2000 features of actual or probable landslip origin within the volcanic and fluviatile/estuarine deposits of the Tauranga District. Information has been transferred to the Council GIS database using a series of 1:5.000 base plans, and the data analysed to assess debris runout distances and scarp height/depth (V:H) ratios. Earlier studies had shown that a cliff zone defined by a ratio of 1V:2H effectively predicted the area of concern for slope stability assessment, and these so-called hazard zones were adopted by Council despite inevitable plotting errors. Our studies from a much more robust data set have generally continued the 1V:2H zone for cliff-top regression, but have also shown a significantly greater travel distance for debris runout than previously anticipated with an overall travel angle between 1V:3H and 1V:4H (18-14). Although less than 1% of the landslips identified are currently active, the presence of relic slips remains a major issue for land development in Tauranga and reporting guidelines have been developed for geotechnical practitioners.
Mechanism Design via Machine Learning (2005)

We use techniques from sample-complexity in machine learning to reduce problems of incentive-compatible mechanism design to standard algorithmic questions, for a wide variety of revenue-maximizing pricing problems. Our reductions imply that for these problems, given an optimal (or /spl beta/-approximation) algorithm for the standard algorithmic problem, we can convert it into a (1 + /spl epsi/)-approximation (or /spl beta/(1 +/spl epsi/)-approximation) for the incentive-compatible mechanism design problem, so long as the number of bidders is sufficiently large as a function of an appropriate measure of complexity of the comparison class of solutions. We apply these results to the problem of auctioning a digital good, the attribute auction problem, and to the problem of item-pricing in unlimited-supply combinatorial auctions. From a learning perspective, these settings present several challenges: in particular the loss function is discontinuous and asymmetric, and the range of bidders' valuations may be large.
Measurement of third order nonlinear susceptibilities by surface plasmons (1982)

We have developed a novel technique which utilizes the intensity-dependent dispersion relation of surface plasmons to study the third order nonlinear susceptibility coefficient χ(3). This new technique yields information about both the magnitude and the sign (with respect to χ(1)) of χ(3). Experimental results are reported for GaAs and Si at input wavelengths of 1.05 and 1.11 μm, respectively.
Phase- and Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Single Crystalline Perylene Nanosheets and Its Optical Properties (2009)

Two-dimensional single-crystalline nanostructures of perylene with uniform square and rhombus shapes have been prepared successfully via a simple reprecipitation method with the assistance of surfactant CTAB templates. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements reveal that the square and rhombus nanosheets can be indexed to α- and β-phase perylene crystals, respectively. On the basis of the analysis of time-dependent growth processes, we found that selective adhesion of CTAB molecules on the crystal (001) plane facilitates to the formation of sheetlike structures, whereas polymorph transition from α- to β-phase achieved by altering the surfactant CTAB concentration results in the evolution of the nanosheet from square to rhombus morphologies. Single-nanoparticle spectrscopy depicts that square and rhombus nanosheets show distinct shape-dependent optical properties that are directly related to their crystal structures. Furthermore, the optical waveguiding behaviors have been revealed through the scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) technique. This expands the optical waveguides from 1D to 2D nanostructures and has a potential application in novel optoelectronic devices.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (2009)

Additional studies are required to reveal the neuroprotective mechanisms of IGF-I in detail and to elucidate the role of IGF-binding proteins. Preclinical studies in relevant animal models for studying stroke (ie, hypertensive, diabetic, or aged animals) should be done testing different doses and routes of IGF-I administration and different combinations of IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins.
Differential regulation of hippocampal AMPA and kainate receptor subunit expression by haloperidol and clozapine. (1996)

Dopamine-glutamate interactions within discrete neural circuits are increasingly recognized as potential substrates for dysregulation in schizophrenia, and as a result, potential targets for pharmacological intervention in this illness. We examined the regulation, by haloperidol (2 mg kg-1 day-1) and clozapine (20 mg kg-1 day-1), of the mRNAs encoding the four AMPA receptor subunits (gluR1-gluR4), three low-affinity kainate receptor subunits (gluR5-gluR7), and two high-affinity kainate subunits (KA1 and KA2) in the rat hippocampal formation and associated entorhinal cortex. A complex and differential pattern of AMPA and kainate subunit mRNA regulation by clozapine and haloperidol was observed in this study. Both drugs caused significant alterations of most of these mRNAs, but in a heterogeneous and region-specific fashion. These data suggest that these antipsychotic drugs alter the expression of the genes encoding the subunits that express ionotropic glutamate receptors. Given the importance of glutamatergic mechanisms and the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia, these data suggest a potential substrate for neurotransmitter dysregulation in this illness, as well as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Failure of autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions between T and non-T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (1978)

Normal human T cells proliferate vigorously when stimulated with autologous non-T cells. This autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) between T and non-T cells was defective in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In contrast, T cells and non-T cells from active SLE patients behaved normally as responding and stimulating cells, respectively, in the allogeneic MLR. The etiology of the impaired autologous MLR was further examined by studying the functional capacity of subsets of stimulating or responding cells. B cells, L cells, and monocytes from active SLE patients failed to stimulate autologous T cells but these cells effectively stimulated allogeneic T cells. Fc(IgG)+ T cells from active patients were unable to respond in both the autologous and allogeneic MLR; their Fc(IgG)-T cells responded well in the allogeneic but not in the autologous MLR. The Fc(IgG)+ T cells, but not the Fc(IgG)- T cells, from inactive SLE patients also failed to respond in the both autologous and allogeneic MLR. These studies indicate that patients with SLE have functionally defective Fc(IgG)+ T cells and a defective autologous MLR, both of which may contribute to impaired regulation of immune functions.
Overexpression of Sox11 Promotes Corticospinal Tract Regeneration after Spinal Injury While Interfering with Functional Recovery (2015)

Embryonic neurons, peripheral neurons, and CNS neurons in zebrafish respond to axon injury by initiating pro-regenerative transcriptional programs that enable axons to extend, locate appropriate targets, and ultimately contribute to behavioral recovery. In contrast, many long-distance projection neurons in the adult mammalian CNS, notably corticospinal tract (CST) neurons, display a much lower regenerative capacity. To promote CNS repair, a long-standing goal has been to activate pro-regenerative mechanisms that are normally missing from injured CNS neurons. Sox11 is a transcription factor whose expression is common to a many types of regenerating neurons, but it is unknown whether suboptimal Sox11 expression contributes to low regenerative capacity in the adult mammalian CNS. Here we show in adult mice that dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGs) and CST neurons fail to upregulate Sox11 after spinal axon injury. Furthermore, forced viral expression of Sox11 reduces axonal dieback of DRG axons, and promotes CST sprouting and regenerative axon growth in both acute and chronic injury paradigms. In tests of forelimb dexterity, however, Sox11 overexpression in the cortex caused a modest but consistent behavioral impairment. These data identify Sox11 as a key transcription factor that can confer an elevated innate regenerative capacity to CNS neurons. The results also demonstrate an unexpected dissociation between axon growth and behavioral outcome, highlighting the need for additional strategies to optimize the functional output of stimulated neurons.
Fragment Size Distribution in Blasting (2003)

It is well known that rock is generally treated as a heterogeneous material and the heterogeneity of rock causes sizes distribution of fragmented rocks in blasting. This paper discusses experimental and numerical rock fragment size distribution. To evaluate fines in bench blasting, two test experiments were conducted in the field and fragment sizes of blasted rocks were estimated by sieving analysis and image analysis. The fragment size distributions by image analysis were corrected with the evaluation of the fines. To predict rock fragmentation in bench blasting, a numerical simulation method was developed. Fragment development in bench blasting has been modeled by the numerical simulation method and analyzed for fragment size distributions by image analysis program. The fragment size distributions were corrected with the evaluation of fines, which correspond to compressive fracture zone around a blast hole. This paper discusses the importance of correct evaluation of the fines in bench-blasted rock and shows the possibilities of realistic prediction of fragmentation using a numerical simulation method and image analysis.
T cell regulation of polyclonally induced immunoglobulin secretion in humans. (1984)

We measured the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced secretion of IgG by the unfractionated mononuclear cells (MNC) of young adult donors, and correlated the results with the functional activity of cell suspensions enriched for T helper (T4+) and T suppressor/cytotoxic (T8+) cells. The distribution of IgG levels secreted by MNC differs from a Gaussian curve, implying that the group is composed of distinct heterogeneous populations. When donors were compared who were judged to be very low responders or very high responders on the basis of IgG secretion levels by MNC (less than 700 ng/ml or greater than 2500 ng/ml), no differences were found in the capacity of T4+-enriched cells to support PWM-driven IgG secretion by a common B cell pool. In contrast, the addition of 0.2 X 10(5) T8+ cells from these low responders to PWM-stimulated cultures of 0.5 X 10(5) T4+ cells plus 0.5 X 10(5) B cells resulted in significantly less IgG secretion (389 +/- 121 ng/ml) than did the addition of the same number of T8+ cells from the high responders (2241 +/- 548 ng/ml, p less than 0.01). Normalized percent suppression by T8+ cells was higher in low responders than in high responders (77.0 +/- 9.9% vs 33.0 +/- 8.5%, p less than 0.01). Both high and low responders markedly suppressed IgG secretion when 0.5 X 10(5) T8+ cells were added. No correlation was found either between proportion of T3+, T8+, T4+, or M1+ cells within the MNC population and levels of IgG secretion by MNC or between T8+ numbers and levels of suppression induced by a constant number of T8+-enriched cells. Our data indicate that differences in the functional activity of T8+ cells, rather than quantitative differences, account for the wide range of PWM-induced IgG secretion by MNC.
librosa: Audio and Music Signal Analysis in Python (2015)

This document describes version 0.4.0 of librosa: a Python package for audio and music signal processing. At a high level, librosa provides implementations of a variety of common functions used throughout the field of music information retrieval. In this document, a brief overview of the library's functionality is provided, along with explanations of the design goals, software development practices, and notational conventions.
The lignoboost process and use of lignin as a new bio-fuel (2009)

A process for lignin removal from alkaline pulping liquors (black liquors) has been developed further in the FRAM2 R&D Program (Future Resource Adapted Pulp Mill, part 2). The lignin product fr ...
CCND1 and ZNF217 gene amplification is equally frequent in BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated and non-BRCA breast cancer (2010)

Breast cancer associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations differs from non-BRCA tumors in several respects. We determined whether there was any difference in CCND1 (11q13) and ZNF217 (20q13) gene amplification with respect to BRCA status. Of 40 breast cancer samples examined, 15 and 9 were from BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, respectively, and 16 from patients without mutation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that eight tumors exhibited CCND1 amplification (20%; 3 BRCA1, 3 BRCA2, 2 non-BRCA). ZNF217 amplification was observed in three of 38 cases (8%; 2 BRCA1, 1 non-BRCA). There was no significant difference in CCND1 and ZNF217 amplification between BRCA1, BRCA2 and non-BRCA tumors. CCND1 amplification was associated with decreased disease-free (P = 0.045) and overall survival (P = 0.015). BRCA1 tumors with CCND1 amplification were estrogen receptor negative, in contrast to CCND1 amplified BRCA2 and non-BRCA tumors, suggesting that concurrent CCND1 amplification and estrogen and progesterone receptor negativity may predict germline BRCA1 gene mutation. All ZNF217 amplified tumors were of the medullary histological type (P = 0.002). There was no statistical correlation between CCND1 and ZNF217 amplification and estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and ERBB2 expression and TNM classification. CCND1 amplification did not correlate with EGFR expression.
Solvolytic Reactivities of Nortricyclyl, Dehydronorbornyl and Norbornyl Halides. Possible Steric Requirements for Hyperconjugative Resonance<sup>1</sup> (1950)

The present investigation is concerned with the determination and interpretation of the solvolytic reactivities of nortricyclyl (I), endo-dehydronorbornyl (II), exo-dehydronorbornyl (III), endonorbornyl (IV) and exo-norbornyl (V) halides. This series of structurally similar compounds provides an almost unique opportunity to observe the relationship between stereochemistry and solvolytic reactivities in alicyclic halides.
Scalability and Bandwidth Optimization for Data Center Networks (2012)

Data centers now being built may contain tens of thousands hosts, and this number is still growing. Deficiencies of the conventional network architecture are gradually revealed. It is facing a set of limitations such as poor scalability, resources fragmentation, lack of support for virtual machine migration and inefficient packets forwarding. In this paper, we propose an alternative solution which is more suitable for data center than the traditional structure. We redesign a large and scalable layer 2 network that supports VM migration better and removes resource fragmentation. We employ a global controller to maintain network information which can be accessed through a directory service running on the controller. With the directory service we achieve proxy ARP resolving and MAC-in-MAC tunneling while forwarding data frames. Moreover, we replace the shortest path first route algorithm with bandwidth-aware forwarding algorithm that dynamically adjusts route when overloaded link detected. The simulation results show that our approach can significantly increase the aggregate throughput and is more efficient.
Infrasound initiates directional fast-start escape responses in juvenile roach<i>Rutilus rutilus</i> (2004)

Acoustic stimuli within the sonic range are effective triggers of C-type escape behaviours in fish. We have previously shown that fish have an acute sensitivity to infrasound also, with acceleration thresholds in the range of 10(-5) m s(-2). In addition, infrasound at high intensities around 10(-2) m s(-2) elicits strong and sustained avoidance responses in several fish species. In the present study, the possible triggering of C-escapes by infrasonic single-cycle vibrations was examined in juvenile roach Rutilus rutilus. The fish were accelerated in a controlled and quantifiable manner using a swing system. The applied stimuli simulated essential components of the accelerations that a small fish would encounter in the hydrodynamic flow field produced by a predatory fish. Typical C- and S-type escape responses were induced by accelerations within the infrasonic range with a threshold of 0.023 m s(-2) for an initial acceleration at 6.7 Hz. Response trajectories were on average in the same direction as the initial acceleration. Unexpectedly, startle behaviours mainly occurred in the trailing half of the test chamber, in which the fish were subjected to linear acceleration in combination with compression, i.e. the expected stimuli produced by an approaching predator. Very few responses were observed in the leading half of the test chamber, where the fish were subjected to acceleration and rarefaction, i.e. the stimuli expected from a suction type of predator. We conclude that particle acceleration is essential for the directionality of the startle response to infrasound, and that the response is triggered by the synergistic effects of acceleration and compression.