gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copper-Catalyzed Domino Synthesis of Quinazolinones via Ullmann-Type Coupling and Aerobic Oxidative C−H Amidation (2011)

An efficient copper-catalyzed approach to quinazolinone derivatives has been developed, and the protocol uses cheap and readily available substituted 2-halobenzamides and (aryl)methanamines as the starting materials as well as economical and environmentally friendly air as the oxidant. This can be the first example of constructing N-heterocycles via sequential Ullmann-type coupling under air and aerobic oxidative C-H amidation.
Antiproliferative effect of methanolic extraction of tualang honey on human keloid fibroblasts (2011)

The methanolic honey extraction has an antiproliferative effect on keloid fibroblasts and a range of volatile compounds has been identified from Tualang honey. The antiproliferative effect of keloid fibroblasts towards Tualang honey may involve cell signaling pathway. Identifying other volatile compounds from different organic solvents should be carried out in future.
The universal speed controller for time-minimal and without overshoot speed control of DC motor (2008)

This paper concerns the universal speed controller for time-minimal and without overshoot speed control of DC motor. The nonlinear shape of speed controller characteristic was obtained with use dynamic programming approach on the basis of motor speed and motor current step responses. The motor current and speed responses could be periodical or non-periodical depending on the relationship between DC motor parameters. All the parameters relationships were considered. The speed controller is universal, because its is right not depending on the motor parameters relationships.
Cultivation characteristics of Isaria japonica (1998)

Cultivation characteristics of fruit-body (synnema) formation of Isaria japonica were examined using liquid and solid media in order to produce fruit-bodies on a large scale. Mycelia grew well at 18–28°C on PDA medium with an initial pH of 7.0. The formation of fruit-bodies of I.japonica was induced by lowering temperature to below 20°C in PD liquid medium. In sawdust-rice bran basal medium mixed with pupal powder prepared from silkworms (Bombyx mori), the fresh weight of fruit-bodies increased with increasing content of pupal powder. The highest yields of fruit-bodies were obtained in carbon-rich barley grain medium supplemented with pupal powder. The fruit-bodies grown under CO2 concentrations of 1,000 μl/L had coral-like, many-branched synnemata with numerous conidiospores, whereas those formed under high concentrations (9,000 μl/L) of CO2 had unbranched and longer synnemata. High concentrations of CO2 remarkably inhibited conidiospore formation on synnemata. Continuous high-intensity illumination at 2.93 W m-2 inhibited the elongation of synnemata, and low-intensity illumination at 0.088 W m-2 slightly inhibited the branching of synnemata. Fruit-bodies were produced on the pupa metamorphosed from living larvae of Agrotis fucosa placed on the surface of a culture of I. japonica incubated in sawdust-rice bran medium.
Synthesis of Lipopolyhydroxyalkyleneamines for Gene Delivery. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gene transfer to somatic tissues using retroviral vectors. (1991)

Retroviral vectors have successfully been used for stable gene transfer in a number of in vivo situation. Before this approach can reallistically be applied in the treatment of human genetic diseases, the correction of pathological symptoms have to be documented in an animal model. In this perspective, we have chosen to use a strain of mice carrying the gusmps mutation, where homozygotes are deficient for beta-glucuronidase and develop a mucopolysaccharidosis. Two methods which result in the stable introduction of the human beta-glucuronidase cDNA into skin fibroblasts or hematopoietic stem cells are presented. A third method, whereby genes can be stably transferred to the liver is also discussed.
Hydrogen-bonded layer-by-layer assembly of poly(vinyl alcohol) and tannic acid (2014)

Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2014.
Executive Summary (2003)

Die Zusammenfassung eines Business-/Geschäftsplans, Executive Summary genannt, hat in erster Linie die Aufgabe, das Interesse für einen Business-/Geschäftsplan und das Geschäftsmodell zu wecken. Das Executive Summary ist nicht als Einführung, sondern als komprimierte Darstellung der darauf folgenden Ausführungen zu verstehen. Da die Anforderungen an eine derart komprimierte Zusammenfassung sehr hoch sind, empfiehlt es sich, das Executive Summary erst nach weitgehender Fertigstellung des Business-/Geschäftsplans zu erstellen.
Review of head injury tolerance to direct impact (1973)

The human tolerance literature pertaining to direct head impact is re- viewed and discussed. The basis for the Vienna Index, the Effective Displacement Index, the Severity Index, the Head Injury Criteria of USMVSS 5208, the Wayne State Head Injury Tolerance Curve and the Maximum Strain Criteria will be examined and the correlation of these various indices with the available data demonstrated. Additionally, the prediction of injury for various impact pulses when used with the variety of available criteria will be determined. Where appropriate, new data will be introduced to complete the existing data set. It is felt that on the basis of the currently available information regarding the limits of head impact tolerance that tolerance can be established for impacts of arbitrary direction.
Polyamine-Chelated Alkali Metal Compounds (1974)

Chelating tertiary polyamines have a dramatic effect on the reactivity and properties of organolithium compounds. The unusual properties of the chelates have led to their extensive use as unique catalysts and chemical reagents. Some general aspects related to structure and properties are discussed including the nature of the chelating agent, chelate/LiR ratio, aggregation, and metalation. These are examined as they relate to ion pairing of the lithium-carbon bond, reactivity, and some aspects of polymerization. Metalations produce kinetically favored products with very slow rearrangement to the thermodynamically more stable products. The effects of ion pair structure and steric hindrance in the chelating agent are illustrated in butadiene polymerization. Chain transfer mechanisms in ethylene polymerization are presented to explain cyclopentane rings in the product.
Recirculatory and Compartmental Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Alfentanil in Pigs  (1999)

Cardiac output markedly influences the pharmacokinetics of alfentanil in pigs. Therefore, accounting for CO enhances the predictive value of pharmacokinetic models of alfentanil.
FATIGUE STRENGTH OF A ROTOR STEEL SUBJECTED TO TORSIONAL LOADING SIMULATING THAT OCCURRING DUE TO CIRCUIT BREAKER RECLOSING IN AN ELECTRIC POWER PLANT (1983)

Abstract— The fatigue strength of notched specimens of a rotor steel was examined under variable torsional loading which simulates turbine‐generator oscillations resulting from the high speed reclosing of transmission‐line circuit breakers. The local stress‐strain response at a notch root was analysed using Neuber's rule and the resulting complex strain sequences applied to smooth specimens. Using the rain flow analysis and the linear summation rule, fatigue lives of the smooth specimens were successfully predicted from constant amplitude fatigue life data in association with the cyclic stress‐strain curve obtained by the incremental step method. Experimental crack initiation lives for notched specimens subjected to variable torsional loading were in excellent agreement with the theoretical curves derived from results on smooth specimens. According to the view that fatigue damage is equated to crack length, the propagation life of a mode II crack along the notch root was predicted to be actually coincident with the life to crack initiation at the notch root denned in this study, i.e. the life at the stage of finding a continuous circumferential crack.
Selective Activation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor <scp>II</scp> Induces Antiinflammatory Responses and Alleviates Experimental Arthritis (2018)

Our findings support the use of TNFRII-selective therapeutics as an effective approach to the treatment of arthritic disease and possibly other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Mean-Value Point in the Brillouin Zone (1973)

A new special point in the Brillouin zone is introduced. It is defined as the point such that the value which any given periodic function of wave vector assumes at this point is an excellent approximation to the average value of the same function throughout the Brillouin zone. This special point is termed the "mean-value point," and is dictated by the crystal symmetry. The coordinates of the mean-value point for cubic lattices are explicitly given.
The 5′ Untranslated Sequence of the <i>c-sis</i> /Platelet-Derived Growth Factor 2 Transcript Is a Potent Translational Inhibitor (1988)

c-sis/platelet-derived growth factor 2 (PDGF-2) is a prototype growth factor with transforming potential. The c-sis/PDGF-2 transcript contains a long 5' untranslated sequence (UTS) that is highly G.C rich. To examine the influence of this sequence on sis/PDGF-2 expression, we localized the c-sis/PDGF-2 promoter and used this promoter or the simian virus 40 early promoter to drive expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase or sis/PDGF-2 gene. The 5' UTS of c-sis/PDGF-2 mRNA had no effect on RNA expression but was shown to exert a potent inhibitory effect on translation. By deletion analysis, we demonstrated that the 5' UTS inhibited protein expression by as much as 40-fold. The inhibitory effect was independent of reporter gene, cell type, or promoter used. A highly G.C-rich 140-base-pair sequence immediately preceding the c-sis/PDGF-2 initiation codon was shown to be nearly as effective as the entire 5' UTS in translational inhibition. Transfection analysis demonstrated that the 5' UTS significantly reduced the transforming efficiency of the sis/PDGF-2 gene as well. Thus, our findings raise the possibility that changes in regulation at the level of sis/PDGF-2 translation may play a role in development of the neoplastic phenotype.
Specificity and reactivity of human leukocyte elastase, porcine pancreatic elastase, human granulocyte cathepsin G, and bovine pancreatic chymotrypsin with arylsulfonyl fluorides. Discovery of a new series of potent and specific irreversible elastase inhibitors. (1982)

The reactivity and specificity of a series of substituted benzenesulfonyl fluorides with human leukocyte (HL) elastase, cathepsin G, porcine pancreatic (PP) elastase, and bovine chymotrypsin A alpha are reported. Benzenesulfonyl fluorides with 2-fluoroacyl substituents were found to be potent and specific inhibitors of elastase. HL elastase was inhibited most rapidly by 2--(CF3CF2CONH)--C6H4SO4F (kobs/[I] = 1700 M-1 s-1) which is slightly better than our best peptide chloromethyl ketone inhibitor of this enzyme. PP elastase was most rapidly inhibited by 2--(CF3CONH)--C6H4-SO2F (kobs/[I] = 2300 M-1S-1). The 2--(CF3CF2CF2CONH) and 2--(CF3SNH) derivatives were quite selective for HL elastase and inhibited PP elastase, cathepsin G, and chymotrypsin A alpha quite slowly. A specific and potent chymotrypsin inhibitor (2--(Z--Gly--NH)--C6H4SO2F) was also discovered. A model for the elastase inhibition reaction is proposed which involves interaction of the fluroacyl group of the inhibitor with the primary substrate recognition site S1 of the enzyme. Hydrogen bonding also occurs between the inhibitor NH and a backbone peptide carbonyl group, probably from residue 214. The 2-fluoroacyl group plays the dual role of binding in the hydrophobic S1 pocket and through electronic effects, increasing the strength f the hydrogen bond. The results of this study demonstrate that it is possible to construct simple organic molecules which are specific inhibitors of HL elastase, PP elastase, or chymotrypsin.
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Lactococcus lactis: a role for arginine residues in binding substrate and coenzyme (1999)

A gene encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH, EC 1.1.1. 44) was identified from the homofermentative lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis, by complementation of Escherichia coli mutants. The cloned gene was then expressed to high levels in E. coli and the protein purified for kinetic analysis. The enzyme had a Km for 6-phosphogluconate of 15.4+/-1.4 microM and for NADP of 1.9+/-0.2 microM at pH 7.5. Sequence comparison of the L. lactis 6-PGDH with the corresponding enzyme derived from the pathogenic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei and sheep liver revealed the substrate-binding residues to be identical in all three species, although the three coenzyme-binding pockets differed slightly. A totally conserved arginine residue (Arg-447), believed to bind the 6-phosphate of substrate, was mutated to lysine, aspartate, alanine or tryptophan. In each case enzyme activity was lost, confirming an essential role for this residue on activity. A second arginine (Arg-34), believed to be critical in binding the 2'-phosphate of cofactor NADP+, was mutated to a tyrosine residue, as found in one atypical isoform of the enzyme in Bacillus subtilis. This alteration led to decrease in affinity for NADP+ of nearly three orders of magnitude. A second 6-PGDH gene has been identified from the genome of B. subtilis. This second isoform contains an arginine (Arg-34) in this position, suggesting that B. subtilis has two 6-PGDHs with different coenzyme specificities.
The Acoustic-Modeling Problem in Automatic Speech Recognition. (1987)

Abstract : This thesis examines the acoustic-modeling problem in automatic speech recognition from an information-theoretic point of view. This problem is to design a speech-recognition system which can extract from the speech waveform as much information as possible about the corresponding word sequence. The information extraction process is broken down into two steps: a signal processing step which converts a speech waveform into a sequence of information bearing acoustic feature vectors, and a step which models such a sequence. This thesis is primarily concerned with the use of hidden Markov models to model sequences of feature vectors which lie in a continuous space such as R sub N. It explores the trade-off between packing a lot of information into such sequences and being able to model them accurately. The difficulty of developing accurate models of continuous parameter sequences is addressed by investigating a method of parameter estimation which is specifically designed to cope with inaccurate modeling assumptions.
The properties of p53 proteins selected for the loss of suppression of transformation. (1994)

The wild-type p53 protein can act as a suppressor of transformation in that it will block or reduce the formation of adenovirus E1A plus ras mediated transformants of primary rat embryo fibroblasts (C. A. Finlay et al., Cell, 57: 1083-1093, 1989). In those experiments, all of the transformed cell lines that arose selected for mutations in the transfected p53 gene, and many of these cell lines now express mutant p53 proteins. These mutant p53 genes are unusual because they were selected only for their inability to act as a transformation suppressor of other oncogenes as opposed to mutant p53 genes that arise spontaneously in tumors or transformed cell lines. p53 mutants that arise in tumors may be selected for several properties, and these mutants do have a number of phenotypes in common; for example, (a) they no longer block the cell division of transformed cells in culture (growth suppressor); (b) they cooperate with ras to transform rat embryo cells; (c) they enhance the plating efficiency of rat embryo cells; (d) some mutants have an altered protein conformation; (e) most mutants have a much longer half-life and greater concentration in the cells; and (f) mutants have lost or have a reduced ability to act as a transcription factor. Experiments were carried out to test whether the selection for p53 mutants that fail to block oncogene mediated transformation would also have some or all of the other properties of p53 mutants that arise in spontaneous tumors. Two mutants selected for their lost ability to block transformation were cloned, sequenced, and tested for all of the phenotypes listed above. The properties that these mutants had in common were (a) cooperation with ras to transform cells, (b) enhanced plating efficiency of cells, (c) elevated steady-state expression levels, and (d) a lost or reduced ability to act as a transcription factor.
Abstractive and Extractive Text Summarization using Document Context Vector and Recurrent Neural Networks (2018)

Sequence to sequence (Seq2Seq) learning has recently been used for abstractive and extractive summarization. In current study, Seq2Seq models have been used for eBay product description summarization. We propose a novel Document-Context based Seq2Seq models using RNNs for abstractive and extractive summarizations. Intuitively, this is similar to humans reading the title, abstract or any other contextual information before reading the document. This gives humans a high-level idea of what the document is about. We use this idea and propose that Seq2Seq models should be started with contextual information at the first time-step of the input to obtain better summaries. In this manner, the output summaries are more document centric, than being generic, overcoming one of the major hurdles of using generative models. We generate document-context from user-behavior and seller provided information. We train and evaluate our models on human-extracted-golden-summaries. The document-contextual Seq2Seq models outperform standard Seq2Seq models. Moreover, generating human extracted summaries is prohibitively expensive to scale, we therefore propose a semi-supervised technique for extracting approximate summaries and using it for training Seq2Seq models at scale. Semi-supervised models are evaluated against human extracted summaries and are found to be of similar efficacy. We provide side by side comparison for abstractive and extractive summarizers (contextual and non-contextual) on same evaluation dataset. Overall, we provide methodologies to use and evaluate the proposed techniques for large document summarization. Furthermore, we found these techniques to be highly effective, which is not the case with existing techniques.
Strain gauge installation in a civil engineering site (1971)

Installurion of resistance strain gauges is described for field tests under conditions of high humidity and in water in the intake area of a water power plant in New Zealand.
Dynamic parameters selection method and simulation of the anti-resonance vibration machine (2010)

Aiming at the instability of the amplitude of the anti-resonance vibration machine, the viewpoint is put forward in this article that the further the distance of the two resonance points is, the more smooth the amplitude-frequency curve between the two points is and the more stable the amplitude of the vibration is, and an equation is built which shows the relationship among the distance of the two resonance points, the mass ratio and the anti-resonance frequency ratio. The condition equation for the situation that the anti-resonance point is at the midpoint of the two resonance points is deduced without damp, and the condition equation for the situation that the amplitude of upper body is locally minimum is deduced when the anti-resonance vibration occurs. Three methods of parameters selection are advanced to make the amplitude of the anti-resonance machine stable. These three methods requires the distance of the two resonance points is far enough to make the amplitude-frequency response curve of the upper and lower body near the anti-resonance point more smooth. The above methods for the parameters selection can ensure the stability of the amplitude to meet the practical requirements.
Problems and Solutions (1999)

Parviz Khalili, K. R. S. Sastry, Ayoub B. Ayoub, Todd Will, Kenneth Korbin, Jedd Beall, Lenny Jones, Mike Seyfried, Catherine Seyfried, Tewodros Amdeberhan, Michael Golomb, Jeremy Case, Alexander Kheyfits, Marc Brodie, Tommy Goebeler, TAMUK Problem Solvers, Harry Sedinger, Paul M. Harms, Sining Zheng, Yuyue Song, James Duemmel, Murray S. Klamkin, Problems and Solutions, The College Mathematics Journal, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Mar., 1999), pp. 143-148
Localization of the Kinesin-like Protein Xklp2 to Spindle Poles Requires a Leucine Zipper, a Microtubule-associated Protein, and Dynein (1998)

Xklp2 is a plus end-directed Xenopus kinesin-like protein localized at spindle poles and required for centrosome separation during spindle assembly in Xenopus egg extracts. A glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein containing the COOH-terminal domain of Xklp2 (GST-Xklp2-Tail) was previously found to localize to spindle poles (Boleti, H., E. Karsenti, and I. Vernos. 1996. Cell. 84:49-59). Now, we have examined the mechanism of localization of GST-Xklp2-Tail. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy showed that Xklp2 and GST-Xklp2-Tail localize specifically to the minus ends of spindle pole and aster microtubules in mitotic, but not in interphase, Xenopus egg extracts. We found that dimerization and a COOH-terminal leucine zipper are required for this localization: a single point mutation in the leucine zipper prevented targeting. The mechanism of localization is complex and two additional factors in mitotic egg extracts are required for the targeting of GST-Xklp2-Tail to microtubule minus ends: (a) a novel 100-kD microtubule-associated protein that we named TPX2 (Targeting protein for Xklp2) that mediates the binding of GST-Xklp2-Tail to microtubules and (b) the dynein-dynactin complex that is required for the accumulation of GST-Xklp2-Tail at microtubule minus ends. We propose two molecular mechanisms that could account for the localization of Xklp2 to microtubule minus ends.