gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium and spectroscopic studies of diethyltin(iv) complexes formed with hydroxymono- and di-carboxylic acids and their thioanalogues (2002)

The complex formation of diethyltin(IV) cation with glycolic (GA), lactic (LA), succinic (SA), malic (MA), tartaric (TA), mercaptoacetic (MAA), 2-mercaptopropionic (MPA), mercaptosuccinic (MSA) and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been investigated by potentiometric, spectrophotometric, 1H NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopic methods. The mercaptocarboxylic acids yielded much more stable complexes than the corresponding hydroxy acids. Below pH 3, the carboxylate and the still protonated hydroxyl group of hydroxy acids are co-ordinated to the metal ion, while in the case of their thio analogues, {COO−, S−} co-ordinated species are dominant. With increasing pH, the metal promoted deprotonation of the hydroxyl group takes place in the presence of MA. In the neutral pH range, among the hydroxy acids, only MA and TA are able to suppress the formation of hydrolytic species of diethyltin(IV). Although metal co-ordinated water deprotonation was observed around pH 6–7, in the case of the mercaptocarboxylic acids, only ligand-containing complexes were formed in the whole pH range studied. Complexes displaying slow ligand exchange were detected in the case of MA and all mercaptocarboxylic acids, which allowed their structural characterization, by 1H NMR spectroscopy. In agreement with the Mössbauer spectroscopic data, trigonal bipyramidal, {COO−, O−/S−, OH−} co-ordinated complexes are dominant around pH 7, with the exception of the octahedral geometry found in the dimer complex M2L2 of DMSA, having a {2COO−, 2S−} donor set.
Towards a reliable parallel redundant WLAN black channel (2012)

WLAN according to standard IEEE 802.11 is widely regarded unsuitable as communication channel for real-time and safety applications. Non-determinism and interference liability leads to packet loss, exceeded and variable latency times due to retransmissions. This work proposes a method that compensates such consequences of stochastic channel fading by the parallel operation of diverse wireless channels, applying frequency and space diversity techniques. A fault-tolerant wireless “black channel” is achieved that is able to fulfill soft real-time availability plus providing redundancy. This is realized with standard WLAN components and the “Parallel Redundancy Protocol” (PRP) according to IEC 62439-3. Reliability and performance characteristics are derived from measurements on an experimental setup with SafetyNET p nodes.
Dynamic Data Structures for Document Collections and Graphs (2015)

In the dynamic indexing problem, we must maintain a changing collection of text documents so that we can efficiently support insertions, deletions, and pattern matching queries. We are especially interested in developing efficient data structures that store and query the documents in compressed form. All previous compressed solutions to this problem rely on answering rank and select queries on a dynamic sequence of symbols. Because of the lower bound in [Fredman and Saks, 1989], answering rank queries presents a bottleneck in compressed dynamic indexing. In this paper we show how this lower bound can be circumvented using our new framework. We demonstrate that the gap between static and dynamic variants of the indexing problem can be almost closed. Our method is based on a novel framework for adding dynamism to static compressed data structures. Our framework also applies more generally to dynamizing other problems. We show, for example, how our framework can be applied to develop compressed representations of dynamic graphs and binary relations.
Dynamo (2000)

We describe the design and implementation of Dynamo, a software dynamic optimization system that is capable of transparently improving the performance of a native instruction stream as it executes on the processor. The input native instruction stream to Dynamo can be dynamically generated (by a JIT for example), or it can come from the execution of a statically compiled native binary. This paper evaluates the Dynamo system in the latter, more challenging situation, in order to emphasize the limits, rather than the potential, of the system. Our experiments demonstrate that even statically optimized native binaries can be accelerated Dynamo, and often by a significant degree. For example, the average performance of -O optimized SpecInt95 benchmark binaries created by the HP product C compiler is improved to a level comparable to their -O4 optimized version running without Dynamo. Dynamo achieves this by focusing its efforts on optimization opportunities that tend to manifest only at runtime, and hence opportunities that might be difficult for a static compiler to exploit. Dynamo's operation is transparent in the sense that it does not depend on any user annotations or binary instrumentation, and does not require multiple runs, or any special compiler, operating system or hardware support. The Dynamo prototype presented here is a realistic implementation running on an HP PA-8000 workstation under the HPUX 10.20 operating system.
Surface methods for monitoring the densification of parts in the selective laser sintering process (2014)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to characterize polyamide parts prepared by the SLS process using techniques that are dependent on surface properties and compare the results to density measurements in order to assess which technique better reflects the degree of densification achieved using different laser power levels. Design/methodology/approach – Fabrication of Nylon 12 (Duraform PA) samples and their characterization by apparent density measurements, perfilometry, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area and contact angle measurements. Findings – Methods dependent on surface analysis are not suitable indicators of the degree of sample densification. Among the surface methods, the results from Raman spectroscopy are the ones with the best performance. Incipient sintering of the superficial layers and raw material powder on the surface, inherent to the parts made by the SLS process, strongly interfere with the characterization. Originality/value – Quantitative comparison of a number of surface probing methods for monitoring densification of SLS parts. Characterization of sample surfaces with and without raw material powder.
Particle Generative Adversarial Networks for full-event simulation at the LHC and their application to pileup description (2020)

Abstract We investigate how a Generative Adversarial Network could be used to generate a list of particle four-momenta from LHC proton collisions, allowing one to define a generative model that could abstract from the irregularities of typical detector geometries. As an example of application, we show how such an architecture could be used as a generator of LHC parasitic collisions (pileup). We present two approaches to generate the events: unconditional generator and generator conditioned on missing transverse energy. We assess generation performances in a realistic LHC data-analysis environment, with a pileup mitigation algorithm applied.
"Cerenkov" Configuration Second Harmonic Generation (1989)

The use of the largest nonlinear coefficient d33 of LiNbO3 for second harmonic generation (SHG), first demonstrated with a guided wave phase-matched interaction suffering from poor field overlap integrals (1), has been considerably improved by the use of a Cerenkov type configuration : nonlinear polarization having a phase velocity greater than that of light in the waveguide, harmonic radiated into the substrate (2,3). The excellent results obtained by T. Taniuchi and K. Yamamoto (1) demonstrate the interest of second harmonic generation (SHG) in the form of Cerenkov radiation (2) In the first part of this paper, we present a new calculation of the efficiency of this process in step index waveguides. In the second part, the validity of this model is checked by studying second harmonic Cerenkov radiation in planar step index waveguides realized by proton exchange (PE) (5) in LiNbO3. The comparison of computed and measured efficiencies show a good relative agreement for multimode waveguides using the usual value of the non-linear coefficient in the exchanged region.
The B Subunit of the CAAT-binding Factor NFY Binds the Central Segment of the Co-activator p300 (1999)

We report that the heterotrimeric transcription factor NFY or "CAAT-binding factor" binds the -60 region of the human H ferritin promoter, the B site. DNA binding analysis with specific antibodies demonstrates that NFY/B/C subunits tightly bind this site and that NFY/C subunit is masked in vivo by binding with other protein(s). NFY binds the co-activator p300. Specifically, the NFY/B subunit interacts with the central segment of p300 in vivo and in vitro. cAMP substantially increases the formation of the NFY.p300 complex. Taken together these data provide a general model of cAMP induction of non-CRE-containing promoters and suggest that the NFY-B.p300 complex is located at the 5' end of the promoter and the NFY-B.C. TFIIB on the 3' end toward the transcription start site.
Imaging of human tumor xenografts in nude mice with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. Limitations of specificity due to nonspecific uptake of antibody (1984)

To determine if in vivo binding specificities of monoclonal antibodies to tumor nodules would reflect in vitro antibody specificities as determined by radioimmunoassay, two monoclonal antibodies were selected for imaging of human tumor xenografts in nude mice. By in vitro radioimmunoassay, antibody 436 binds to the M20 melanoma cell line, but not to the P3 carcinoma cell line; antibody 44 binds to P3 but not to M20. Both antibodies are IgG1 isotypes. Nude mice bearing an M20 melanoma in one flank and a P3 carcinoma in the other were injected intravenously with 5 to 25 micrograms of each antibody labeled with either I-125 or I-131; in separate animals the labels were reversed. Animals were imaged daily with a scintillation camera equipped with a pinhole collimator. On day 6 the animals were sacrificed, and binding of the antibodies to the tumors and normal tissue were compared. Antibody 436 had up to a two-fold binding advantage in vivo for the melanoma, whereas antibody 44 had up to a two-fold binding advantage for the carcinoma, thus confirming the in vitro specificities of each. However, imaging on day 4 and computer analysis of percent radioactivity in the tumors showed that tumor images were related directly to tumor size and relatively uninfluenced by antibody specificity. Thus, even though antibody specificity can be demonstrated by differential tissue counting, imaging of tumor deposits appears to involve a nonspecific phenomenon that is largely dependent upon tumor weight.
Factors to Consider in the Effective Management and Control of Fines Migration in High Permeability Sands (1995)

Abstract In recent times, the oil industry has shown increasing awareness towards the maintenance of optimum well productivity through better drilling/completion practices. Attempts are being made to control the invasion of high permeability sands by mad solids through the use of sized Loss Control Materials(LCM) which can be difficult to clean up. Recent developments involve the use of sized carbonate and sized salt systems with mixed results. Whilst these special systems have been known to provide efficient fluid loss control, the cleanup efficiency especially in horizontal wells has been known to be poor in certain instances. Likewise, the completion of long horizontal sections through highly permeable, unconsolidated reservoirs has witnessed increasing use of prepacked screens many of which are reported to be plugged/damaged by filter cake debris and completion fluid solids as well as formation fines. Gravelpacks are also known to have been damaged not only by formation fines but also by solids in completion fluids injected from the wellbore especially during cleanup operations. The migration of sized particles in the drilling and completion fluids through high permeability reservoir sands, prepacks or gravelpacks is characterised by flow capacity decline which may be instantaneous or gradual depending on the migration process and the pore bridging phenomena. Therefore, accurate prediction of the prevailing pore blocking mechanism for a given pore throat-particle size relationship can provide a good basis for the estimation of the maximum allowable size of particles in various completion fluid systems and also provide a good guide to the design for optimum prepack and gravelpack performance through the use of properly sized gravels. In this paper, attempts have been made to analyse the impact of a number of key parameters on productivity impairment. The analysis has been based on the results of in-depth research into particle-pore bridging phenomena. Based on rigorous experimental studies to define the phenomena, a number of deterministic models have been developed to mathematically define the unconsolidated pay sand/pack sand systems permeability decline profile as a function of invasion pattern, migration/pore blocking mechanism, production /injection rate, production time and fines concentration and fines textural properties. Application of the results to the optimisation of drilling/completion fluids design as well as prepack/gravelpack design and analysis are illustrated with specific case studies.
Efficiently Mining Frequent Closed Partial Orders (2006)

Mining ordering information from sequence data is an important data mining task. Sequential pattern mining (Agrawal and Srikant, 1995) can be regarded as mining frequent segments of total orders from sequence data. However, sequential patterns are often insufficient to concisely capture the general ordering information.
Auf dem Weg zu einer globalen Wertegemeinschaft (2003)

Dem neueren außenpolitischen Denken des Westens liegen nach Einschätzung des Autors zwei Hauptthemen zugrunde: Zum einen wird behauptet, die Welt nähere sich zentralen Werten und Institutionen des Westens an, die z.B. Persönlichkeitsrechte, Demokratie und freie Marktwirtschaft umfassen. Zum anderen wird behauptet, die Welt außerhalb des Westens werde überwiegend von religiösen Fundamentalisten oder einem fremdartigen Wertekatalog regiert, der mit dem des Westens inkompatibel sei, weshalb dieseantithetischen Zivilisationen zwangsläufig in Konflikt geraten müssen. Beide Standpunkte implizieren, dass nichtwestliche Nationen wenig zur globalen Entwicklung politischer und wirtschaftlicher Institutionen und zu den Werten, die sie verkörpern, beitragen können - denn Recht, Freiheit und Kapitalismus sind schließlich westliche Beiträge an die Welt. Der Autor versucht in seinem Vortrag hingegen zu zeigen, dass sich die Welt auf eine neue Synthese hinbewegen wird, die u.a. aus folgenden Elementen besteht: aus der hohen Wertschätzung des Westens für persönliche Freiheit und individuelle Wahlmöglichkeiten und der ebenfalls hohen, wenn auch sehr verschiedenartigen Achtung des Ostens vor sozialen Verpflichtungen; aus der westlichen Überbetonung von Autonomie und der östlichen Überbetonung von sozialer Ordnung; aus westlichem rechtlichen und politischen Egalitarismus und östlichem Autoritarismus; aus der ablehnenden Haltung des Westens gegenüber großen Ideologien und Utopismen und den extensiven normativen Festlegungen von Ge- und Verboten im Osten. Der Autor bezeichnet diese neu entstehende Synthese als "weichen Kommunitarismus" der Zivilgesellschaft. (ICI2)
Creep corrosion test in flowers of sulfur chamber (2014)

Creep corrosion is the corrosion of the copper (and sometimes silver) metallization on PCBs and the creeping of the corrosion product (mostly sulfides of copper and sometimes silver) on the board surfaces which may lead to the electrically shorting of neighboring features on PCBs. The problem of creep corrosion has been largely brought under control by selecting finishes, by trial and error, that have less propensity to creep corrosion. But the challenge of a reliable qualification test for creep corrosion remains, though some progress has been made developing the mixed flowing gas (MFG), the Chavant clay and the flowers of sulfur tests. The iNEMI (International Electronics Manufacturing Initiative) technical project team on creep corrosion is developing a flowers-of-sulfur (FOS) based qualification test for creep corrosion on printed-circuit boards (PCBs). The test setup consists of a 300-mm cube chamber with two means of mounting the test specimens and flowing air over them to expose them to constant, predefined humidity and temperature conditions and sulfur and other contaminants. The FOS chamber performance has been evaluated using copper and silver foils and preliminary test runs have been conducted on PCBs from a manufacturing lot known to have failed in service. The effect of air velocity on the copper and silver corrosion rates was quite linear. The effect of humidity on copper and silver corrosion rates in the low air velocity range of less than 0.1 m/s showed a strong dependence on relative humidity. In the high velocity range of 1 m/s, there was no clear dependence of humidity on copper and silver corrosion rates. A means has been developed for applying controlled concentration of ionic contamination on selected local areas of test PCBs. Preliminary test runs have shown that ionic contamination found in fine dust may be a necessary condition for copper creep corrosion. The focus of this paper is the design of a FOS chamber and its performance evaluation using copper and silver foils and the preliminary testing of the procedure using PCBs from a manufacturing lot known to have failed in service.
Genome‐wide identification of chemosensitive single nucleotide polymorphism markers in colorectal cancers (2009)

Improved methods for predicting chemoresponsiveness involving the identification of polymorphic markers is highly desirable, considering narrow therapeutic index and frequent resistance to anti-cancer regimens. The genome-wide screening of chemosensitive single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was undertaken in association with in vitro chemosensitivity assays in 104 colorectal cancer patients for the initial screening step. Allele frequency, linkage disequilibrium, potential function, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of the candidate SNPs were then determined for the identifying step. Finally, clinical association analysis in the other 260 evaluable patients or cell viability assays of transfected RKO cells was used to verify candidate SNPs for the validation step. In total, 12 SNPs to six regimens were initially chosen during the screening and identifying steps. In patients receiving fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy, the substitution alleles of GPC5 rs553717 (AA) correlated significantly with tumor recurrence and shorter disease-free survival (P = 0.019 and 0.023, respectively). Interestingly, RKO cells expressing mutant GPC5 showed enhanced cell death in response to 5-FU in cytotoxicity assays. Patients that were homozygous for the reference alleles SSTR4 rs2567608 (AA) and EPHA7 rs2278107 (TT) showed lower disease control rates in response to irinotecan and oxaliplatin regimens, respectively, than those with substitution alleles (P = 0.022 and 0.014, respectively). Thus, we identified chemosensitive SNP markers using a novel three step process of genome-wide analysis consisting of in vitro screening, identification, and validation. The candidate chemosensitive SNP markers identified in our study, including those identified in vitro, can now be further verified in a large cohort study.
A texture thesaurus for browsing large aerial photographs (1998)

A texture-based image retrieval system for browsing large-scale aerial photographs is presented. The salient components of this system include texture feature extraction, image segmentation and grouping, learning similarity measure, and a texture thesaurus model for fast search and indexing. The texture features are computed by filtering the image with a bank of Gabor filters. This is followed by a texture gradient computation to segment each large airphoto into homogeneous regions. A hybrid neural network algorithm is used to learn the visual similarity by clustering patterns in the feature space. With learning similarity, the retrieval performance improves significantly. Finally, a texture image thesaurus is created by combining the learning similarity algorithm with a hierarchical vector quantization scheme. This thesaurus facilitates the indexing process while maintaining a good retrieval performance. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the overall system in searching over a large collection of airphotos and in selecting a diverse collection of geographic features such as housing developments, parking lots, highways, and airports.
Pandemonium in the Modern Hospital (1993)

On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Acoustical Society of America in June 1954, Dean Vern Knudsen of the University of California at Los Angeles observed that the maximal noise levels of daily living had increased about 1 dB per year over the previous 25 years. He wondered what the future would bring1. Although he was referring to high-decibel noises like those encountered in transportation, construction, and military activities, a similar situation prevails in the modern hospital, where the previously serene milieu is gradually being debased by a sonic assault on the ears and psyche. The hospital . . .
Resistance Training Alters Plasma Myostatin but not IGF-1 in Healthy Men (2004)

Myostatin may play a role in exercise-induced increases in muscle size, its circulating levels decreasing with resistance training in healthy men. Exercise of the whole body versus the elbow flexors alone did not provide a supplementary stimulus in altering resting plasma IGF-1 or myostatin, or in increasing muscle strength or size. Thus, by default, growth factor responses local to the muscle may be more important than circulating factors in contributing to muscle hypertrophy with resistance training.
Conventional patellar-tendon-bearing (PTB) socket/stump interface dynamic pressure distributions recorded during the prosthetic stance phase of gait of a transtibial amputee (1998)

Force sensing resistors (FSR) have been used to measure dynamic stump/socket interface pressures during the gait of a trans-tibial amputee. A total of 350 pressure sensor cells were attached to the inner wall of a patellar-tendon-bearing (PTB) socket. Data was sampled at 150 Hz during the approximate 0.8 seconds of prosthetic stance of gait. A total of 42,000 pressures were recorded during a single prosthetic stance. This paper describes the distribution of the pressure patterns monitored during the prosthetic stance phase of gait.
A Route to Nonfunctionalized and Functionalized Poly(<i>n</i>-butylcyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles:  Preparation in Miniemulsion (2007)

The miniemulsion process has been applied for the preparation of poly(n-butylcyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanoparticles. In the first step a miniemulsion is prepared from n-butylcyanoacrylate in hydrochloric acid solution using sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant. In the second step, a base solution is added to initiate polymerization, and the polymeric particles are formed. Using amines or amino acids as initiators allowed the convenient functionalization of the polymer particles' surface. The influence of surfactant concentration and sonication time on particle size and size distribution has been studied as well as the influence of pH, concentration, and amount of initiator on the particle size and the distribution of the molar mass of the polymer. The detected pH dependence of the particles' ζ potential shows the presence of carboxyl groups on the particles' surface after the initiation with amino acids. GPC and NMR measurements indicate a covalent bonding of the amino acid to the polymer.