gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Art Making Using an Haptic Device for Interactive Digital Painting (2013)

In this work we present HapticBrush, a graphical application aimed at interactive digital painting of virtual screens using the Phantom hap tic device, in which the artist has at his/her disposal a variety of brushes with different shapes, colors, sizes, spacings, and textures. The tests conducted show that the Phantom device reproduces tactile brush sensations on the canvas through the simulation of the pressure effect, by applying forces to the pen device. Thus, the experience of the artist's perception with respect to different types of brushes for the creation of digital art is evaluated. The results show that this experience is improved and the level of immersion of the user is increased, through the use of touch as a further means of interaction with the virtual world.
BASICS AND HISTORY OF DISCOVERY OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICALS (2002)

The study of air pollution begins with the study of chemicals that make up the air. These chemicals include molecules in the gas, liquid, or solid phases. Because the air contains so many different types of molecules, it is helpful to become familiar with important ones through the history of their discovery. Such a history also gives insight into characteristics of atmospheric chemicals and an understanding of how much our knowledge of air pollution today relies on the scientific achievements of alchemists, chemists, natural scientists, and physicists of the past. This chapter starts with some basic chemistry definitions, then proceeds to examine historical discoveries of chemicals of atmospheric importance. Finally, types of chemical reactions that occur in the atmosphere are identified, and chemical lifetimes are defined.
Annelated furans. VI. Diels-Alder addition to 3-Methoxy-2-vinylbenzofurans (1971)

The Diels-Alder addition of 3-methoxy-2-vinylbenzofurans to acetylenic dienophiles has been shown to be accompanied by elimination of methanol, thus affording a direct route to polyfunctional dibenzofurans. Ethylenic dienophiles also reacted but the nature of the product varied with the dienophile: thus tetra-cyanoethylene and 2- isopropenyl-3-methoxybenzofuran (17) gave the simple 1 : 1 adduct, 1,1,2,2-tetracyano-11-methoxy-4-methyl-1,2,3,11-tetrahydrodibenzofuran (26), while addition of maleic anhydride to (17) was accompanied by elimination of methanol to form the 1,2-dihydrodibenzofuran, 4-methyl- 1,2-dihydrodibenzofuran-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (27). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The addition of p-benzoquinone and 1,4-naphthaquinone to (17) gave the polycyclic quinones, 6-methyl-1,4-dioxo-1,4- dihydrobenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan (28) and 7-methyl-5,13-dioxo-5,13- dihydrobenzo[b]anthra[1,2-d]furan (29) respectively. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The methylation of enolic 3-hydroxybenzofurans has also been studied.
Lithium Insertion In Silicon Nanowires: An ab Initio Study (2010)

The ultrahigh specific lithium ion storage capacity of Si nanowires (SiNWs) has been demonstrated recently and has opened up exciting opportunities for energy storage. However, a systematic theoretical study on lithium insertion in SiNWs remains a challenge, and as a result, understanding of the fundamental interaction and microscopic dynamics during lithium insertion is still lacking. This paper focuses on the study of single Li atom insertion into SiNWs with different sizes and axis orientations by using full ab initio calculations. We show that the binding energy of interstitial Li increases as the SiNW diameter grows. The binding energies at different insertion sites, which can be classified as surface, intermediate, and core sites, are quite different. We find that surface sites are energetically the most favorable insertion positions and that intermediate sites are the most unfavorable insertion positions. Compared with the other growth directions, the [110] SiNWs with different diameters always present the highest binding energies on various insertion locations, which indicates that [110] SiNWs are more favorable by Li doping. Furthermore, we study Li diffusion inside SiNWs. The results show that the Li surface diffusion has a much higher chance to occur than the surface to core diffusion, which is consistent with the experimental observation that the Li insertion in SiNWs is layer by layer from surface to inner region. After overcoming a large barrier crossing surface-to-intermediate region, the diffusion toward center has a higher possibility to occur than the inverse process.
Sulfur in fertilizer programs: Long-term studies of influence of sulfur on navel orange production indicate no improvement in yield (1954)

Most of the Washington navel orange production in California is on neutral to slightly alkaline soils.
Low complexity algorithm for Spatially Varying Transforms (2009)

In our previous work, we introduced spatially varying transforms (SVT) for video coding, where the location of the transform block within the macroblock is not fixed but varying. SVT has lower decoding complexity compared to standard methods as only a portion of the prediction error needs to be decoded. However, the encoding complexity of SVT can be relatively high because of the need to perform rate distortion optimization (RDO) for each candidate location parameter (LP). In this work, we propose a low complexity algorithm operating on macroblock and block level to reduce the encoding complexity of SVT. The proposed low complexity algorithm includes selection of available candidate LP based on motion difference and a hierarchical search algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed low complexity algorithm can reduce around 80% of the candidate LP tested in RDO with only marginal penalty in coding efficiency.
Development and antifungal evaluation of a food-grade U-type microemulsion (2008)

The present report represents the first to develop a food-grade microemulsion system for antifugal purpose.
Secured Insurance Framework Using Blockchain and Smart Contract (2021)

Traditional insurance policy settlement is a manual process that is never hassle-free. There are many issues, such as hidden conditions from the insurer or fraud claims by the insured, making the settlement process rough. This process also consumes a significant amount of time that makes the process very inefficient. This whole scenario can be disrupted by the implementation of blockchain and smart contracts in insurance. Blockchain and innovative contract technology can provide immutable data storage, security, transparency, authenticity, and security while any transaction process is triggered. With the implementation of blockchain, the whole insurance process, from authentication to claim settlement, can be done with more transparency and security. A blockchain is a virtual chain of data blocks that is a decentralized technology. Any transaction or change in the blocks is done after the decentralized validator entity, not a single person. The smart contract is a unique facility stored on the blockchain that gets executed when the predetermined conditions are met. This paper presents a framework where smart contracts are used for insurance contracts and stored on blockchain. In the case of a claim, if all the predetermined conditions are met, the transaction happens; otherwise, it is discarded. The conditions are immutable. That means there is scope for alteration from either side. This blockchain and intelligent contract-based framework are hosted on a private Ethereum network. The Solidity programming language is used to create smart contracts. The framework uses the Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus algorithm to validate the transactions. In the case of any faulty transaction request, the consensus algorithm acts according to and cancels the claim. With blockchain and smart contract implementation, this framework can solve all the trust and security issues that rely on a standard insurance policy.
The Mechanism of the Hydroalkoxycarbonylation of Ethene and Alkene–CO Copolymerization Catalyzed by Pd<sup>II</sup>–Diphosphine Cations (2006)

All the intermediates in the "carboalkoxy" pathway, and their interconversions giving complete catalytic cycles, for palladium-diphosphine-catalyzed hydroalkoxycarbonylation of alkenes, and for alkene-CO copolymerization, have been demonstrated using (31)P{(1)H} and (13)C{(1)H} NMR spectroscopy. The propagation and termination steps of the "hydride" cycles and the crossover between the hydride and carboalkoxy cycles have also been demonstrated, providing the first examples of both cycles, and of chain crossover, being delineated for the same catalyst. Comparison of the propagation and termination steps in the pathways affords new insight into the selectivity-determining steps. Thus, reaction of [Pd(dibpp)(CH(3)CN)(2)](OTf)(2) (dibpp = 1,3-(iBu(2)P)(2)C(3)H(6)) with Et(3)N and CH(3)OH affords [Pd(dibpp)(OCH(3))(CH(3)CN)]OTf, which, on exposure to CO, gives [Pd(dibpp){C(O)OCH(3)}(CH(3)CN)]OTf immediately. Labeling studies show the reaction to be readily reversible. However, the back reaction is strongly inhibited by PPh(3), indicating an insertion/deinsertion pathway. Ethene reacts with [Pd(dibpp){C(O)OCH(3)}(CH(3)CN)]OTf at 243 K to give [Pd(dibpp){CH(2)CH(2)C(O)OCH(3)}]OTf, that is, there is no intrinsic barrier to alkene insertion into the Pd--C(O)OMe bond, as had been proposed. Instead, termination is proposed to be selectivity determining. Methanolysis of the acyl intermediate [Pd(dibpp){C(O)CH(3)}L]X (L = CO, CH(3)OH; X = CF(3)SO(3) (-) (OTf(-)), CH(3)C(6)H(4)SO(3) (-) (OTs(-))) is required in the hydride cycle to give an ester and occurs at 243 K on the timescale of minutes, whereas methanolysis of the beta chelate, required to give an ester from the carbomethoxy cycle, is slow on a timescale of days, at 298 K. These results suggest that slow methanolysis of the beta chelate, rather than slow insertion of an alkene into the Pd--carboalkoxy bond, as had previously been proposed, is responsible for the dominance of the hydride mechanism in hydroalkoxycarbonylation.
Environmental Separation of Heavy Metals (2001)

This new book explains advanced and emerging technologies for removing heavy metals from wastestreams and contaminated sites. Separation processes of this type are critical for meeting stringent regulations of priority pollutants, especially arsenic, mercury, and lead, which the text treats in depth. After explaining the chemistry of heavy metals a
High-entropy alloy: challenges and prospects (2015)

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are presently of great research interest in materials science and engineering. Unlike conventional alloys, which contain one and rarely two base elements, HEAs comprise multiple principal elements, with the possible number of HEA compositions extending considerably more than conventional alloys. With the advent of HEAs, fundamental issues that challenge the proposed theories, models, and methods for conventional alloys also emerge. Here, we provide a critical review of the recent studies aiming to address the fundamental issues related to phase formation in HEAs. In addition, novel properties of HEAs are also discussed, such as their excellent specific strength, superior mechanical performance at high temperatures, exceptional ductility and fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures, superparamagnetism, and superconductivity. Due to their considerable structural and functional potential as well as richness of design, HEAs are promising candidates for new applications, which warrants further studies.
Efficacy and Safety of Prucalopride in Patients with Chronic Noncancer Pain Suffering from Opioid-Induced Constipation (2010)

In this population with OIC, prucalopride improved bowel function and was safe and well tolerated.
Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2 in the Oxidative Stress–Dependent Hypertension Associated With the Depletion of DJ-1 (2015)

Renal dopamine 2 receptor dysfunction is associated with oxidative stress and high blood pressure (BP). We have reported that DJ-1, an oxidative stress response protein, is positively regulated by dopamine 2 receptor in the kidney. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the expression of several antioxidant genes. We tested the hypothesis that Nrf2 is involved in the renal DJ-1-mediated inhibition of reactive oxygen species production. We have reported that silencing dopamine 2 receptor in mouse renal proximal tubule cells decreases the expression of DJ-1. We now report that silencing DJ-1 or dopamine 2 receptor in mouse proximal tubule cells and mouse kidneys decreases Nrf2 expression and activity and increases reactive oxygen species production; BP is also increased in mice in which renal DJ-1 or dopamine 2 receptor is silenced. DJ-1(-/-) mice have decreased renal Nrf2 expression and activity and increased nitro-tyrosine levels and BP. Silencing Nrf2 in mouse proximal tubule cells does not alter the expression of DJ-1 or dopamine 2 receptor, indicating that Nrf2 is downstream of dopamine 2 receptor and DJ-1. An Nrf2 inducer, bardoxolone, normalizes the systolic BP and renal malondialdehyde levels in DJ-1(-/-) mice without affecting them in their wild-type littermates. Because Nrf2 ubiquitination is increased in DJ-1(-/-) mice, we conclude that the protective effect of DJ-1 on renal oxidative stress is mediated, in part, by preventing Nrf2 degradation. Moreover, renal dopamine 2 receptor and DJ-1 are necessary for normal Nrf2 activity to keep a normal redox balance and BP.
Analysis of the Usable Time and the Positioning Accuracy for the Phase II GPS (1982)

The usable time and the positioning accuracy of the Phase II Global Positioning System (GPS) are analysed here by emphasizing the positioning conditions in Japan. The main results give as follows. (1) In the case of 5 satellites (NAVSTAR No.3-7), the usable time in Tokyo is 1.9 hours for 3-dimensional positioning and 3.2 hours for 2-dimensional positioning. (2) The addition of NAVSTAR No.8 hardly improve the positioning conditions in Japan. (3) The usable time distribution maps in the world are made and the positioning conditions in Japan are compared with those in another countries.
The Nimbus III Michelson Interferometer (1970)

The Michelson interferometer flown on Nimbus III in April 1969 has obtained infrared emission spectra of the earth and its atmosphere within 400 cm(-1) and 2000 cm(-1) (5 micro and 25 micro). Spectra of good quality have been recorded with a spectral resolution corresponding to 5 cm(-1). This paper discusses the design of the instrument including the optical layout, the phase locked loop operation of the Michelson motor, and the functioning of the reference interferometer. The methods of data reduction and in-flight calibration are demonstrated on sample spectra recorded while in orbit around the earth.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell As a Salvage Treatment For Refractory Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease: a Matched Pair Analysis (2013)

Abstract Background Refractory acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) is a major cause of death after allogenetic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow of a third-party donor to refractory aGVHD. Methods Twenty-five patients with refractory aGVHD were enrolled in this prospective study. MSCs were given at a median dose of 1×106 cells/kg once weekly until aGVHD got complete response (CR) or MSCs were infused for a total of 8 doses. In order to evaluate infections, tumor relapse and cGVHD, 25 refractory aGVHD patients with MSCs treatment was matched with grade II-IV aGVHD patient without MSCs in the corresponding period Results After a total of 112 doses of MSCs were administered, with a median of 4 (range:2-12) doses per patient, the overall response (OR) rate for aGVHD was 72%,including CR in 56% and partial response (PR) in 16%. The efficacy of MSCs to aGVHD was significantly related with the severity and the number of involved organs of aGVHD, but unrelated with the onset timing of MSC. The incidence of CMV and EBV infections, including viremia and associated disease, was not different between MSCs and non-MSCs groups during aGVHD treatment and follow-up. At a median follow-up time of 126 (range: 49–1067) days post-transplantation, only two patients relapsed in MSCs group, compared with four relapsed in the control group. Tumor relapse was not different between the two groups (P=0.771). No toxic side effects and other secondary tumors were observed after MSCs treatment except for one EBV-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). The incidence of cGVHD in MSCs group, especially extensive cGVHD, was lower than that in non-MSCs group (25.0% Vs 68%, P=0.001; 20.0% Vs 64%, P=0.043, respectively). The ratio of CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ T cells and the proportion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) at 8 weeks after MSCs were higher than that before treatment (P=0.037 and P=0.020, respectively), and there were not different from the healthy people at 36 weeks after treatment. Conclusions MSCs derived from bone marrow of third-party donors are effective to refractory aGVHD. It might not increase the risks of infections, tumor relapse, but reduce the incidence and severity of cGVHD. Disclosures: Liu: Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647): Research Funding; National Public Health Grand Research Foundation (Grant No. 201202017): Research Funding; 863 Program (No. 2011AA020105): Research Funding.
Infrared radiation from a Bunsen flame (1948)

The infra red emission spec trum of t he flame of a Bu nsen burner has bee n mea sured with pris ms of LiF, N a CI, a nd KBr. In t he region of 2.7 iJ., t he emission b a nd has bee n resolved in t o t wo bands, 2.5 a' nd 2.7 iJ., and a seri es of 15 lines fr o m 2.8 t o 3.1 iJ.. These emission li nes are separated b y about 22 cm-1 a nd fall in t,he spectra l regio n wher e the ro tat iona l-vi br ational band of OH should occ ur. The spacin g betwee n lines, however , is too s ma ll for t he cha nges in t he e ner!;,J levels of the OH molec ule. This separat ion agrees very well w ith t he ca lcul at"ed valu e for cer tain r otatio nal states of t he H 20 molec ul e. The lon g wave lengt,h band a t 15 iJ. has been observed in both C O burned in t he a ir a nd t he Bunsen b urner fl a me. Th e p resent d etection of t his band represents t he fir st co nfirma t ion of t he ori gi nal observations of Rube ns a nd Aschkin ass. Several bands h ave been observed wit h a gratin g instrume nt , and their fr eq ue ncies check well wi th k nown e nergy transitio ns. The re gion from 12 to 24 iJ. has been measured wi t h a KBr pris m for th e Bunse n flame. I t co nt ai ns a. lar ge number of t he pure r otat iona l lines of wate r vapor. In addi t ion to t he H 20 li nes, t here ar e two stro ng ba nds, 14 a nd 15 iJ. , which are p rodu ced by CO2 WAVELENGTH IN MI CRON S FreU I1IC 2. I nfrared emission of a Bunsen flame measllred with a LiF prism.
8-<b>(</b>ω-Aminoalkyl)theophyllines and Their Use in Preparing Fluorescently Labeled Derivatives for Applications in Immunoassay (1997)

Reaction of alkane-1, omega-diamines with 6-chloro-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4-dione under carefully controlled conditions gives 6-(omega-aminoalkylamino)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4-diones, which can be readily separated from traces of products of disubstitution after benzyloxycarbonyl protection. A sequence of nitrosation at the pyrimidine 5-position, thermal cyclization, and deprotection affords 8-(omega-aminoalkyl) derivatives of theophylline, an important drug in the treatment of asthma and related diseases. These 8-(omega-aminoalkyl)theophyllines can be coupled to fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate and to dansyl chloride, giving fluorescent derivatives of theophylline with applications in automated immunoassay of the drug in biofluids using the fluorescence capillary fill device.
A Hydrodynamic Model for Measuring Fluid Density and Viscosity by Using Quartz Tuning Forks (2019)

A hydrodynamic model of using quartz tuning forks (QTFs) for density and viscosity sensing, by measuring the resonance frequency and quality factor, has been established based on the cantilever beam theory applied to the atomic force microscope (AFM). Two examples are presented to verify the usability of this model. Then, the Sobol index method is chosen for explaining quantitatively how the resonance frequency and quality factor of the QTFs are affected by the fluid density and viscosity, respectively. The results show that the relative mean square error in viscosity of the eight solutions evaluated by the hydrodynamic model is reduced by an order of magnitude comparing with Butterworth-Van Dyke equivalent circuit method. When the measured resonance frequency and quality factor of the QTFs vary from 25,800-26,100 Hz and 28-41, the sensitivities of the quality factor affected by the fluid density increase. This model provides an idea for improving the accuracy of fluid component recognition in real time, and lays a foundation for the application of miniaturized and cost-effective downhole fluid density and viscosity sensors.
Increase of Peripheral Blood B Cells with Fc Receptor for IgA in Patients with IgA Nephropathy (1983)

A B-cell subset with Fc receptors for IgA (B alpha cells) has been observed in human peripheral blood. To investigate aberrations of B cells in a diseased state, the percentages of B alpha cells were enumerated in peripheral blood from patients with IgA nephropathy, which is characterized by preponderant deposition of IgA-dominant immune complexes in the glomerular mesangial area. The present study showed a significant increase in B alpha cells in peripheral blood from patients with IgA nephropathy but not in those with chronic proliferative glomerulonephritis without mesangial IgA deposition. Most Fc alpha R-bearing cells were observed in surface IgA bearing lymphocytes. No linear correlation was observed between the levels of serum IgA and the percentages of B alpha cells. The addition of aggregated IgA to cultures did not induce Fc alpha R-bearing B cells in vitro. It is postulated that B alpha cells might have some pathogenetic role in the development of IgA nephropathy and that some antigenic stimuli might play a role in the increase of peripheral blood B alpha cells in patients with IgA nephropathy.
Animated Mesh Approximation With Sphere-Meshes (2016)

Performance capture systems are used to acquire high-quality animated 3D surfaces, usually in form of a dense 3D triangle mesh. Extracting a more compact yet faithful representation is often desirable, but existing solutions for animated sequences are surface based, which leads to a limited approximation power in the case of extreme simplification. We introduce animated sphere-meshes, which are meshes indexing a set of animated spheres. Our solution is the first to output an animated volumetric structure to approximate animated 3D surfaces and optimizes for the sphere approximation, connectivity, and temporal coherence. As a result, our algorithm produces a multiresolution structure from which a level of simplification can be selected in real time, preserving a faithful approximation of the input, even at the coarsest levels. We demonstrate the use of animated sphere-meshes for low-cost approximate collision detection. Additionally, we propose a skinning decomposition, which automatically rigs the input mesh to the chosen level of detail. The resulting set of weights are smooth, compress the animation, and enable easy edits.