gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An instrument to control parallel plate separation for nanoscale flow control (2003)

The handling of extremely small samples of gases and liquids has long been a subject of research among biologists, chemists, and engineers. A few scientific instruments, notably the surface force apparatus, have been used extensively to investigate very short-range molecular phenomena. This article describes the design, fabrication, and characterization of an easily manufactured, gas and liquid flow control device called the Nanogate. The Nanogate controls liquid flows under very high planar confinement, wherein the liquid film is, in one dimension, on the scale of nanometers, but is on the scale of hundreds of microns in its other dimensions. The liquid film is confined between a silica (Pyrex) surface with a typical roughness of Ra≈6 nm and a gold-covered silicon surface with a typical roughness of Ra≈2 nm. During the manufacturing process, the Pyrex flows and conforms to the gold-covered silicon surface, improving the mating properties of the two surfaces. The fluid film thickness can be controlled within 2 Å, from sub-10 nm up to 1 μm. Control of helium gas flow rates in the 10−9 atm cm3/s range, and sub-nl/s flow rates of water and methanol have been predicted and experimentally verified.
A Highly Enantioselective Zirconium Catalyst for Intramolecular Alkene Hydroamination: Significant Isotope Effects on Rate and Stereoselectivity (2011)

Zirconium catalysts sparkle: A new chiral zirconium complex has been used to catalyze hydroamination reactions to cyclize aminopentenes into 2-methylpyrrolidines (see scheme). The rate law supports a mechanism involving a reversible substrate–catalyst interaction that precedes the rate-determining step. A new mechanism for zirconium-catalyzed hydroamination has been proposed based on kinetic isotope effects and the significant effect of isotopic substitution on enantioselectivity. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Subnanosecond time response of large-area superconducting stripline detectors for keV molecular ions (2009)

A large-area (200×200 μm2) superconducting stripline detector based on a parallel configuration of superconducting Nb nanowires is presented. We show that the parallel configuration provides a smart way to control the physical nonequilibrium state induced by the molecular impacts, which allows realizing large sensitive area and subnanosecond response at the same time. The experiments were carried out with molecular ions radiation in a keV energy range. The observed rise time was below 400 ps and the relaxation time was 500 ps, the best in this class of superconducting molecular detectors.
Automatic face naming with caption-based supervision (2008)

We consider two scenarios of naming people in databases of news photos with captions: (i) finding faces of a single person, and (ii) assigning names to all faces. We combine an initial text-based step, that restricts the name assigned to a face to the set of names appearing in the caption, with a second step that analyzes visual features of faces. By searching for groups of highly similar faces that can be associated with a name, the results of purely text-based search can be greatly ameliorated. We improve a recent graph-based approach, in which nodes correspond to faces and edges connect highly similar faces. We introduce constraints when optimizing the objective function, and propose improvements in the low-level methods used to construct the graphs. Furthermore, we generalize the graph-based approach to face naming in the full data set. In this multi-person naming case the optimization quickly becomes computationally demanding, and we present an important speed-up using graph-flows to compute the optimal name assignments in documents. Generative models have previously been proposed to solve the multi-person naming task. We compare the generative and graph-based methods in both scenarios, and find significantly better performance using the graph-based methods in both cases.
Resistance to Tumor Growth Mediated by Listeria Monocytogenes: Collaborative and Suppressive Macrophage-Lymphocyte Interactions in Vitro (1976)

Spleen (SC) and peritoneal cells (PC) from C57BL/6 mice immune to Listeria monocytogenes (LM) have a marked cytotoxic effect on the in vitro growth of B-16 melanoma. Cytotoxicity to B-16 is mediated by the interacting semsitized thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes and macrophages (Mchi) or adherent cells. Separation of immune SC or PC into their adherent and nonadherent components, depletion of the adnerent cells or elimination of the theata-bearing cells from an enriched T cell population all result in the abrogation of cytotoxicity, whereas, recombination of T cells and Mchi re-establishes this effect. Three modes of Mchi/T cell interactions occur: 1) LM immune peritoneal or splenic T cells interact or synergize with their respective adherent cells to become cytotoxic to B-16; 2) combination of peritoneal Mchi and splenic T cells are noncollaborative and therefore noncytotoxic; 3) the cooperative effect of spleen T cells with Mchi are suppressed or inhibited by addition of peritoneal Mchi. Splenic Mchi, however, are neither uncooperative nor inhibitory when interacting with peritoneal T cells. Normal adherent cells can substitute for immune cells in all the cell-cell interactions with similar end results. These results demonstrate that specifically sensitized T cells interact with Mchi for expression of LM-induced nonspecific tumor cell destruction in vitro, however, such interactions may also be noncooperative or suppressive, thus resulting in tumor cell proliferation.
Friend Recommendation Method using Physical and Social Context (2010)

Social network sites have attracted millions of users with the social revolution in Web 2.0. In the social network sites, a user can register other users as friends and enjoy communication. However, users of social network sites may easily get overwhelmed by the excessive volume of friend information. Recently context-aware mobile devices have been thoroughly integrated into all walks of life. The context-aware systems provide the user with adaptive recommendations from enormous information. Therefore, the essential factor of social computing is to recommend truly valuable friends using context. We propose a friend recommendation method using physical and social context. The main idea of the proposed method is consisted of the following three stages; (1) computing the friendship score using physical context; (2) computing the friendship score using social context; (3) combining all of the friendship scores and recommending friends by the scoring values. Key words: recommendation, social service, friend, context
Fomentar la banda ancha (2010)

A review of chest films from 152 workers who had been employed five or more years in perlite mining or processing showed none with small opacities of profusion 1/0 or higher. There were 14 films with doubtful changes (0/1), but these showed no correlation with type or duration of employment. Pulmonary function was measured in 122 current employees from the same plants. Multiple regression analysis showed no significant association between years of employment in perlite and either forced vital capacity (FVC) or forced expiratory volume (FEV1). There was a significant association between pack-years of cigarettes and both measurements. In 66 workers tested in 1975 and again in 1983, there was an average annual decrease in FVC of 32 mL, with 26 mL predicted by the Knudson formula, which is based on nonsmokers. The average annual decrease in FEV1 was 24 mL with 26 mL predicted. Comparison of groups with differing smoking patterns showed that the decreases in both FVC and FEV1 were associated with smoking. The 28 men who had added four or more pack-years in the interval between tests showed decreases in FVC and FEV1 of 44 mL/year and 31 mL/year, respectively, with 26 mL/year predicted for both groups. Those with less than four added pack-years (which included 26 nonsmokers) had decreases in FVC and FEV1 of 23 mL/year and 19 mL/year with 26 mL/year and 27 mL/year predicted.
Automatic characterization and segmentation of classic choroidal neovascularization using Adaboost for supervised learning (2010)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with the complication of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) has been the major cause of severe, irreversible vision loss in many developed countries. The imaging modality that is commonly used to reveal the vascular abnormalities of CNV is fluorescein angiography (FA). Analysis and interpretation of FA sequences are largely performed by skilled observers on single angiographic frames with considerable observer variability since much of the temporal information is lost. To facilitate accurate diagnosis of CNV, we propose a computer-aided diagnosis system which automatically characterizes regions of classic CNV in terms of severity by exploiting the characteristics of the temporal profile of fluorescence leakage, followed by automated delineation of CNV lesions. Our system is a supervised learning system which is trained with sequences of classic CNV to recognize the typical leakage characteristics of CNV lesions described using intensity values and intensity changes of a number of time intervals. The learning strategy is Adaboost, which effectively combines a number of weak classifiers to substantially improve the accuracy. Images of a FA sequence are first aligned and mapped to a global space, and the result of Adaboost classification is a severity map for the sequence - each point in the global space is assigned a degree of severity. CNV lesions are segmented using Random Walks algorithm, and the seed points are automatically generated using the severity map and labeled as either background or foreground based on the severity. We validated our algorithm using 16 classic CNV sequences. The best accuracy is 94% and the average is 75.5% with the major disagreement with the groundtruth coming from regions of fibrosis, which are treated as inactive CNV by our system but labeled as CNV by the retina specialist. If cases with high percentage of fibrosis are removed from the dataset, the average accuracy is 80.7%.
Scaling and operation characteristics of HfO<inf>x</inf> based vertical RRAM for 3D cross-point architecture (2014)

Stacked HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> based vertical RRAM with interface engineering for 3D cross-point architecture is fabricated using a cost-effective fabrication process. The excellent performances such as low reset current, fast switching speed, high switching endurance and disturbance immunity, good retention and self-selectivity are demonstrated in the fabricated HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> based vertical RRAM devices. The scaling limit and the functionality along with a viable write/read scheme of the presented vertical RRAM are investigated. The experiments show that the pillar electrode thickness and the plane electrode thickness of the vertical RRAM can be scaled down to 3nm and 5nm without significant performance degradation, respectively.
Correlations between structure, material properties and bioproperties in self-assembled β-hairpin peptide hydrogels (2008)

A de novo designed beta-hairpin peptide (MAX8), capable of undergoing intramolecular folding and consequent intermolecular self-assembly into a cytocompatible hydrogel, has been studied. A combination of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) have been used to quantitatively investigate the MAX8 nanofibrillar hydrogel network morphology. A change in the peptide concentration from 0.5 to 2 wt% resulted in a denser fibrillar network as revealed via SANS by a change in the high q (q = (4 pi/lambda) x sin (theta/2), where lambda = wavelength of incident neutrons and theta = scattering angle) mass fractal exponent from 2.5 to 3 and by a decrease in the measured correlation length from 23 to 16 A. A slope of -4 in the USANS regime indicates well-defined gel microporosity, an important characteristic for cellular substrate applications. These changes, both at the network as well as the individual fibril lengthscales, can be directly visualized in situ by cryo-TEM. Fibrillar nanostructures and network properties are directly related to bulk hydrogel stiffness via oscillatory rheology. Preliminary cell viability and anchorage studies at varying hydrogel stiffness confirm cell adhesion at early stages of cell culture within the window of stiffness investigated. Knowledge of the precise structure spanning length scales from the nanoscale up to the microscale can help in the formation of future, specific structure-bioproperty relationships when studying in vitro and in vivo behavior of these new peptide scaffolds.
DebriSat- A Planned Laboratory-Based Satellite Impact Experiment for Breakup Fragment Characterization (2013)

DebriSat is a planned laboratory ]based satellite hypervelocity impact experiment. The goal of the project is to characterize the orbital debris that would be generated by a hypervelocity collision involving a modern satellite in low Earth orbit (LEO). The DebriSat project will update and expand upon the information obtained in the 1992 Satellite Orbital Debris Characterization Impact Test (SOCIT), which characterized the breakup of a 1960 's US Navy Transit satellite. There are three phases to this project: the design and fabrication of an engineering model representing a modern, 50-cm/50-kg class LEO satellite known as DebriSat; conduction of a laboratory-based hypervelocity impact to catastrophically break up the satellite; and characterization of the properties of breakup fragments down to 2 mm in size. The data obtained, including fragment size, area ]to ]mass ratio, density, shape, material composition, optical properties, and radar cross ]section distributions, will be used to supplement the DoD fs and NASA fs satellite breakup models to better describe the breakup outcome of a modern satellite. Updated breakup models will improve mission planning, environmental models, and event response. The DebriSat project is sponsored by the Air Force fs Space and Missile Systems Center and the NASA Orbital Debris Program Office. The design and fabrication of DebriSat is led by University of Florida with subject matter experts f support from The Aerospace Corporation. The major milestones of the project include the complete fabrication of DebriSat by September 2013, the hypervelocity impact of DebriSat at the Air Force fs Arnold Engineering Development Complex in early 2014, and fragment characterization and data analyses in late 2014.
A 3.3 V 90 MHz flash memory module embedded in a 32 b RISC microcontroller (2003)

A 32 b RISC microcontroller using 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology has 64 KB (two 32 KB modules) on-chip flash memory. A chip block diagram, and a chip micrograph are shown. The flash memory module achieves 90 MHz read with a 3.3 V supply.
A Subjective Approach to Eccentric Viewing Training (1984)

Describes a method whereby patients with a central vision loss may increase the clarity of their vision by using the parafoveal area of the retina. In using this method, patients move their eyes rather than their heads and subjectively choose their best direction of gaze.
Inhibition of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction by Nifedipine (1981)

SEVERE pulmonary hypertension mainly due to hypoxic vasoconstriction may develop in patients with chronic airflow obstruction and acute respiratory failure.1 Experiments in isolated rat lungs have implied that the calcium antagonist verapamil inhibits hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.2 A preliminary report on patients with hypoxia suggests that verapamil causes an immediate drop in pulmonary vascular resistance.3 However, the concomitant fall in cardiac output may be hazardous in these severely hypoxic subjects. Nifedipine, a new calcium antagonist, causes few side effects4 and is a powerful vasodilating agent of systemic vessels5; as a result it usually increases cardiac output in both normal subjects . . .
The Transformation of Core/Shell Aluminium/Alumina Nanoparticles into Nanowires (2008)

Abstract Core/shell nanowires of Al/Al 2 O 3 are obtained by decomposition of tert ‐butoxyalane on metal, silicon or glass substrates heated up to 650 °C without use of a noble metal seed. These biphasic nanowires are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high‐resolution TEM. They have uniform diameters of about 20–30 nm, are composed of an inner aluminium wire, wrapped up by aluminium oxide at a constant molar ratio, and have lengths of several micrometers. As the temperatures approach the melting point of Al (660.4 °C), we propose a growth mechanism for the nanowires which resembles to vapour‐liquid‐solid (VLS) growth of ceramic nanowires with a liquid metal phase catalyst seed which in this case is aluminium. The biphasic nature of the wires is due to the disproportionation of aluminium in the transient “AlO” and to Ostwald ripening.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Diphenylpropionic Acids as New AT<sub>1</sub> Selective Angiotensin II Antagonists (1996)

The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a new series of potent AT1 selective diphenylpropionic acid nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists are reported. The new compounds were evaluated for in vitro AT1 (rat liver) and AT2 (rat adrenal) binding affinity as well as for in vivo inhibition of angiotensin II-induced increase in mean arterial blood pressure in pithed rats. Unsaturation of the diphenylpropionic acids as well as substitution or replacement by alkyl groups of the pendant phenyl ring resulted in a decrease of potency. On the other hand, the presence of small alkyl groups in the alpha-position to the carboxylic acid was important for activity, with one of the resultant diastereoisomers (R*,R*) being ca. 10-fold more active than the other (R*,S*). Oral evaluation of the most active compounds in a furosemide-treated sodium-depleted rat model showed that compound 36g (UR-7198) reduced blood pressure dose dependently. This compound showed in vitro and iv potencies similar to that of the reference compound losartan but faster onset of action and somewhat greater oral activity, presumably due to its improved bioavailability.
The pylorus (2005)

The pylorus controls the flow between a reservoir dedicated to mechanical and chemical digestion (the stomach) and a conduit dedicated to the absorption of nutrients (the intestines). The pylorus adjusts gastric outflow resistance to physiological needs. It allows the outflow of isotonic fluids yet selectively retains particles too large for delivery to the intestines and in concert with the antrum further processes them (gastric sieving). Unlike most gut sphincters, the pylorus, at least of man, maintains a patent lumen most of the time. It only intermittently becomes a tightly closed barrier that arrests all flow out of and into the stomach. The geometry of the pylorus changes dramatically from the relaxed open state to closure. Pyloric closure involves contraction of its proximal and distal muscle loops, and occlusion of its lumen by mucosal folds. Current studies that combine pressure recordings with imaging by magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound and fluid-mechanical analysis shed new light on the role of the pylorus in gastric emptying and digestion. Much has been learned in recent years on the innervation of the normal pylorus particularly from studies on infantile hypertrophic stenosis, and attempts are being made to treat gastroparesis by interventions on the pylorus.
The physical sense of simulation models of liquid chromatography: propagation through a grid or solution of the mass balance equation (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe physical sense of simulation models of liquid chromatography: propagation through a grid or solution of the mass balance equationMartin. Czok and Georges. GuiochonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 2, 189–200Publication Date (Print):January 15, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00201a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00201a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phase I trial of an anti-CD19 deglycosylated ricin A chain immunotoxin in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: effect of an intensive schedule of administration. (1995)

In a phase I trial, eight patients with non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma received mouse IgG1k monoclonal antibody HD37 specific for CD19 conjugated to deglycosylated ricin A chain (dgA) administered in four doses at 4-h intervals with total doses ranging from 4-12 mg/m2. This schedule generated serum levels of immunotoxin which were sustained over 36 h. The plasma half-life of HD37-dgA was 17 +/- 4 (SD) h. The HD37-dgA conjugate was stable in vivo as demonstrated by serum levels of HD37-dgA conjugate comparable to those of total HD37 antibody. Peak serum levels attained after the fourth dose ranged from 0.36 to 5.63 micrograms/ml. Two of seven evaluable patients developed modest human anti-immunotoxin antibody responses. Toxicity in patients 1-7 consisted of dose-dependent capillary leak syndrome with hypoalbuminemia, orthostatic hypotension, and weight gain. Patient 8 died on day 8 with severe capillary leak, bronchopneumonia, and rhabdomyolysis. All patients had progressive disease at 4 weeks except patient 8, who exhibited a near-complete remission before his death. This intensive schedule appears to produce inordinate toxicity with a maximal tolerated total dose of 8 mg/m2.