gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Editorial Comment (2001)

The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, an organization of primarily orthopaedic oncologic surgeons devoted to the study and treatment of patients with bone and soft tissue tumors, was founded in 1977. This society has encouraged the innovation and research necessary to increase the overall survival rate of these patients and to improve the quality of their lives. Collaborative research by members of the society has been responsible for developing a staging system for musculoskeletal neoplasms useful to physicians and their patients. In addition, studies on hazards of the biopsy have improved methods of diagnosis, and society members developed outcome measurements for long-term evaluation of their patients. The Society’s annual meeting was held in May 1999 in Denver, Colorado. Members of the Animal Oncology Unit at Colorado State University also participated. The nature of the meeting was to promote open discussion and discovery among members. Twelve papers were selected from those presented at the meeting and are included in this symposium. Included are papers on bone allografts, bone graft substitutes, prognosis in osteogenic sarcoma, function after sciatic nerve resection for sarcoma, sarcomas that developed after immunization in cats, and a novel expandable prosthesis in young patients with sarcomas of the extremity. We wish to recognize Dr. Leonard Peltier as a long-time contributor of classic papers that accompany and enhance the educational goals of the symposia published in Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. We selected his important contribution, on the use of plaster pellets (calcium sulfate) to fill bone defects, to introduce this symposium. We think this symposium on a wide variety of topics including innovative work in progress will be of interest to all orthopaedists.
Damage to ryegrass plants of different size by various densities of the pruinose scarab ( <i>Sericesthis geminata</i> (Coleoptera)) (1970)

The effects of the number of pruinose scarab larvae (Sericesthis geminata) and the size of ryegrass plants on the damage to roots and reduction of foliage yield were examined in a factorial pot experiment. No significant interactions occurred. At each larval density the weight of roots eaten or damaged was linearly related to the weight of roots in the controls. The slight but significant reduction of relative damage to roots and foliage with increasing plant size is therefore thought to result from a greater capacity for regrowth in the plants with larger stembases. The number of larvae had a very highly significant effect on damage to roots, but did not influence foliage yield to a significant degree, the mean reduction of foliage being 36 per cent of the control yield. As in previous experiments the ryegrass plants appeared' to lose half their roots before foliage yield was affected. The mean damage to roots was 83 per cent of the controls.
Broadening the applicability of FPGA-based soft vector processors (2015)

A soft vector processor (SVP) is an overlay on top of FPGAs that allows data- parallel algorithms to be written in software rather than hardware, and yet still achieve hardware-like performance. This ease of use comes at an area and speed penalty, however. Also, since the internal design of SVPs are based largely on custom CMOS vector processors, there is additional opportunity for FPGA-specific optimizations and enhancements. This thesis investigates and measures the effects of FPGA-specific changes to SVPs that improve performance, reduce area, and improve ease-of-use; thereby expanding their useful range of applications. First, we address applications needing only moderate performance such as audio filtering where SVPs need only a small number (one to four) of parallel ALUs. We make implementation and ISA design decisions around the goals of producing a compact SVP that effectively utilizes existing BRAMs and DSP Blocks. The resulting VENICE SVP has 2x better performance per logic block than previous designs. Next, we address performance issues with algorithms where some vector elements ‘exit early’ while others need additional processing. Simple vector predication causes all elements to exhibit ‘worst case’ performance. Density time masking (DTM) improves performance of such algorithms by skipping the completed elements when possible, but traditional implementations of DTM are coarse-grained and do not map well to the FPGA fabric. We introduce a BRAM-based implementation that achieves 3.2x higher performance over the base SVP with less than 5% area overhead. Finally, we identify a way to exploit the raw performance of the underlying FPGA fabric by attaching wide, deeply pipelined computational units to SVPs through a custom instruction interface. We support multiple inputs and outputs, arbitrary-length pipelines, and heterogeneous lanes to allow streaming of data through large operator graphs. As an example, on an n-body simulation problem, we show that custom instructions achieve 120x better performance per area than the base SVP.
The Fracture of Cu&ndash;Al&ndash;Ni Shape Memory Alloy (1981)

The initiation and propagation of cracks during both quenching and deformation in polycrystalline Cu–Al–Ni alloys have been investigated under various conditions. The results obtained are summarized as follows; (1) Quenching-cracks may be avoided by choosing the temperature of quenching media close to or below the Ms temperature of the alloys, so that many deformation modes are available under given thermal stresses. (2) In the superelastic temperature region, cracks which are formed either by quenching stress or by external stress were found to be initiated and propagate along grain boundaries. This was ascribed to the stresses which accumulated at grain boundaries due to large elastic anisotropy of the present alloys. (3) In specimens in a martensitic state, the propagation paths of cracks were found to easily deviate from grain boundaries, although they are initiated at three-fold nodes of grain boundaries at the very beginning. This is because the stress concentrations at crack tips become more essential in this case, since stresses at grain boundaries are easily accommodated by many deformation modes in a martensitic state.As a whole, it was concluded that the brittleness of the present alloy and other β phase alloys are due to the large elastic anisotropy and grain sizes, and that the large ductility in Ti–Ni alloys are due to the small elastic anisotropy and grain size of the latter.
Myth or Reality—Transdermal Magnesium? (2017)

In the following review, we evaluated the current literature and evidence-based data on transdermal magnesium application and show that the propagation of transdermal magnesium is scientifically unsupported. The importance of magnesium and the positive effects of magnesium supplementation are extensively documented in magnesium deficiency, e.g., cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The effectiveness of oral magnesium supplementation for the treatment of magnesium deficiency has been studied in detail. However, the proven and well-documented oral magnesium supplementation has become questioned in the recent years through intensive marketing for its transdermal application (e.g., magnesium-containing sprays, magnesium flakes, and magnesium salt baths). In both, specialist and lay press as well as on the internet, there are increasing numbers of articles claiming the effectiveness and superiority of transdermal magnesium over an oral application. It is claimed that the transdermal absorption of magnesium in comparison to oral application is more effective due to better absorption and fewer side effects as it bypasses the gastrointestinal tract.
Phloretin as an Antagonist of Prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub> Receptor in Cultured Rat Astrocytes (1993)

The effect of phloretin on prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis and elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration was examined in cultured rat astrocytes. Phloretin inhibited PGF2 alpha (1 microM)-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 16 microM. The inhibitory action of phloretin was specific for PGs. The addition of increasing concentrations of phloretin caused progressive shifts of the dose-response curves of PGF2 alpha to the right. In digitonin-permeabilized astrocytes, phloretin (100 microM) inhibited the stimulation induced by PGF2 alpha (1 microM) plus GTP gamma S (50 microM) without affecting that induced by GTP gamma S alone. PGF2 alpha at 1 microM transiently increased astrocytic intracellular Ca2+ concentration in 39% of the cells tested. The response was completely blocked by 100 microM phloretin and the calcium response recovered again after washing out phloretin. These results suggest that phloretin is an antagonist of PGF2 alpha receptor linked to phospholipase C in astrocytes.
Synthesis and Characterization of Methacrylated Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering (2014)

Polymers have revolutionized the field of tissue engineering due to the countless possibilities of scaffolds that can be constructed from such a material. Through conjugation of other functional groups onto a polymer backbone, the mechanical properties of polymers can be controlled and has the ability to span a wide range of strengths, allowing for application in multiple tissue environments. One such polymer, hyaluronic acid (HA), is a natural polysaccharide found most abundantly in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissues with structural, lubricating, and wound healing functions in the human body; for this reason, HA has great potential for utilization in tissue engineering application. To strengthen the mechanical properties of HA, we conjugated 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) to the carboxyl group of HA polymer in various degrees of substitution. In addition, different molecular weights of HA were used during synthesis to analyze molecular weight as a factor for tunable mechanical properties. The final product HA-AEMA, with use of photoinitiator Irgacure 2959, forms a hydrogel via UV polymerization following dissolution of macromer into photoinitiator solution. Both the rheological and mechanical properties of various macromer/photoinitiator solutions and hydrogels were measured, respectively, in regards to viscosity, solubility, shear modulus, and compression strength. To test HA-AEMA potential for use of tissue engineering applications involving stem cells, human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were exposed to both HA-AEMA macromer and hydrogels for cytotoxicity and encapsulation studies by MTT using mitochondrial based assays and fluorescent viable cell staining respectively. Results of our experiments indicate successful synthesis of HA-AEMA macromer of various molecular weights of HA as well as degree of substitution of AEMA. As the molecular weight of HA and/or the degree of substitution of AEMA increased, the viscosity, swelling ratio, shear storage modulus, and compressive strength increased; specifically for storage modulus, more significant increases were observed as MW of HA was increased from 16 kDa to 66 kDa compared to increases from 66 kDa to 270 kDa. As the hydrogels swelled over time in phosphate buffer solution (PBS), the compressive strength of hydrogels diminished by a factor of 3 after 24 hours of swelling time and a factor of 2 from 1 day to 3 days swelling time, most likely due to hydrolysis of the ester bond along the HA chain. Results of the cytotoxicity studies indicate DPSCs survive exposure to HA-AEMA macromer as well as encapsulation inside hydrogels formed following the standard UV polymerization protocol. Based on these results, we have concluded that HAbased hydrogels have the potential to be used in various tissue engineering applications due to its tunable properties and biocompatibility to DPSCs
Back gated CMOS on SOIAS for dynamic threshold voltage control (2002)

Simultaneous reduction of supply and threshold voltages for low power design without suffering performance losses will eventually reach the limit of diminishing returns as static power dissipation becomes a significant portion of the total power equation. In order to meet the opposing requirements of high performance and low power, a dynamic threshold voltage control scheme is needed. A novel SOI technology was developed whereby a back-gate was used to control the threshold voltage of the front-gate; this concept was demonstrated on a selectively scaled CMOS process.
Menopausal hot flushes and night sweats: where are we now? (2011)

Vasomotor symptoms are experienced by women of all ethnic groups. They are caused by changes in the central nervous system associated with estrogen withdrawal and are best treated with estrogen replacement therapy. Objective monitoring of hot flushes indicates that placebo has little to no effect on their improvement. Subjective assessments of hot flushes in clinical trials may be inaccurate based on objective measurement of the frequency of hot flushes. Based on preliminary reports, women experiencing hot flushes have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and a reduced incidence of breast cancer.
Evans Syndrome at Childhood‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Diagnosis: A Large Multicenter Study (2016)

Our large multicenter study identified ES as a rare and severe initial manifestation of active cSLE with good outcome. Diagnosis is challenging due to the lack of typical signs and symptoms of lupus and the requirement to exclude infection and primary immunodeficiency.
Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for the performance of a numerical control machine tool based on the analytic hierarchy process (2010)

In order to evaluate each performance index of a numerical control machine tool,the comprehensive performance evaluation index system of a numerical control machine tool was established,and the performance index weight coefficient of the numerical control machine tool was determined by using the 1-9 scale law in the analytic hierarchy process.Taking a numerical control machine tool as the study object,each performance index of the numerical control machine tool was studied by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.The result indicated that the comprehensive performance of this numerical control machine tool was good.The analysis showed that the comprehensive performance of this numerical control machine tool could be further enhanced,when the index performances of repetition pointing accuracy,pulse equivalent and spindle revolution were improved.
Free energies of hydration of solute molecules. 1. Improvement of the hydration shell model by exact computations of overlapping volumes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree energies of hydration of solute molecules. 1. Improvement of the hydration shell model by exact computations of overlapping volumesYoung Kee. Kang, George. Nemethy, and Harold A. ScheragaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 15, 4105–4109Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100299a032https://doi.org/10.1021/j100299a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Accelerating NTRU based homomorphic encryption using GPUs (2014)

We introduce a large polynomial arithmetic library optimized for Nvidia GPUs to support fully homomorphic encryption schemes. To realize the large polynomial arithmetic library we convert polynomials with large coefficients using the Chinese Remainder Theorem into many polynomials with small coefficients, and then carry out modular multiplications in the residue space using a custom developed discrete Fourier transform library. We further extend the library to support the homomorphic evaluation operations, i.e. addition, multiplication, and relinearization, in an NTRU based somewhat homomorphic encryption library. Finally, we put the library to use to evaluate homomorphic evaluation of two block ciphers: Prince and AES, which show 2.57 times and 7.6 times speedup, respectively, over an Intel Xeon software implementation.
High doses of prochlorperazine for cisplatin-induced emesis: A prospective, random, dose–response study (1987)

This study investigated the antiemetic properties of four different doses of prochlorperazine (10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg) when given randomly to patients receiving four cycles of the same dose of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Prochlorperazine was given to 71 patients by slow intravenous infusion 30 minutes before and 3 and 6 hours after the start of cisplatin chemotherapy. The higher doses of prochlorperazine proved to be effective in the control of cisplatin-induced emesis. For the 20 patients who completed all 4 study cycles of treatment, a relationship was discerned between the dose of prochlorperazine administered and the antiemetic effect. When all 71 patients were analyzed in terms of the results of the first cycle of chemotherapy, a significant dose-response effect was also found. Overall toxic reactions in 82 treatment cycles using either 30 mg or 40 mg of prochlorperazine were dystonia (1 patient), restlessness (2), hypotension (3), and drowsiness (12). This study demonstrates that higher-than-conventional doses of prochlorperazine have an impressive antinauseant effect with only moderate toxicity.
Dielectric Behavior of the Relaxor Pb(Mg <sub>1/3</sub> Nb <sub>2/3</sub> )O <sub>3</sub> —PbTiO <sub>3</sub> Solid‐Solution System in the Microwave Region (1989)

Dielectric behavior of the relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 —PbTiO 3 solid‐solution system was studied from—50° to 200°C in the 100 to 12 × 10 9 Hz frequency region, and a broad dielectric relaxation was measured for compositions throughout the system. The relative microwave permittivity of the composition 0.9Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ·0.1 PbTiO 3 decreased by 1 order of magnitude from the 1‐MHz value of 11800, and similar decreases were observed for other compositions in the system. Dielectric loss (tan δ) values ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 at microwave frequency. The temperature of the broad dielectric constant maximum shifts toward higher values with increased frequency.
PDT dose dosimetry for Photofrin-mediated pleural photodynamic therapy (pPDT) (2017)

Photosensitizer fluorescence excited by photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment light can be used to monitor the in vivo concentration of the photosensitizer and its photobleaching. The temporal integral of the product of in vivo photosensitizer concentration and light fluence is called PDT dose, which is an important dosimetry quantity for PDT. However, the detected photosensitizer fluorescence may be distorted by variations in the absorption and scattering of both excitation and fluorescence light in tissue. Therefore, correction of the measured fluorescence for distortion due to variable optical properties is required for absolute quantification of photosensitizer concentration. In this study, we have developed a four-channel PDT dose dosimetry system to simultaneously acquire light dosimetry and photosensitizer fluorescence data. We measured PDT dose at four sites in the pleural cavity during pleural PDT. We have determined an empirical optical property correction function using Monte Carlo simulations of fluorescence for a range of physiologically relevant tissue optical properties. Parameters of the optical property correction function for Photofrin fluorescence were determined experimentally using tissue-simulating phantoms. In vivo measurements of photosensitizer fluorescence showed negligible photobleaching of Photofrin during the PDT treatment, but large intra- and inter-patient heterogeneities of in vivo Photofrin concentration are observed. PDT doses delivered to 22 sites in the pleural cavity of 8 patients were different by 2.9 times intra-patient and 8.3 times inter-patient.
Assessment of the impact of the change from manual to automated coding on mortality statistics in Australia. (2015)

It remains unclear whether the change from a manual to an automated coding system (ACS) for deaths has significantly affected the consistency of Australian mortality data. The underlying causes of 34,000 deaths registered in 1997 in Australia were dual coded, in ICD-9 manually, and by using an automated computer coding program. The diseases most affected by the change from manual to ACS were senile/presenile dementia, and pneumonia. The most common disease to which a manually assigned underlying cause of senile dementia was coded with ACS was unspecified psychoses (37.2%). Only 12.5% of codes assigned by ACS as senile dementia were coded the same by manual coders. This study indicates some important differences in mortality rates when comparing mortality data that have been coded manually with those coded using an automated computer coding program. These differences may be related to both the different interpretation of ICD coding rules between manual and automated coding, and different co-morbidities or co-existing conditions among demographic groups.
Outbreak of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Producing a New Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Class A β-Lactamase, KPC-3, in a New York Medical Center (2004)

From April 2000 to April 2001, 24 patients in intensive care units at Tisch Hospital, New York, N.Y., were infected or colonized by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified a predominant outbreak strain, but other resistant strains were also recovered. Three representatives of the outbreak strain from separate patients were studied in detail. All were resistant or had reduced susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and gentamicin but remained fully susceptible to tetracycline. PCR amplified a blaKPC allele encoding a novel variant, KPC-3, with a His(272)-->Tyr substitution not found in KPC-2; other carbapenemase genes were absent. In the outbreak strain, KPC-3 was encoded by a 75-kb plasmid, which was transferred in vitro by electroporation and conjugation. The isolates lacked the OmpK35 porin but expressed OmpK36, implying reduced permeability as a cofactor in resistance. This is the third KPC carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase variant to have been reported in members of the Enterobacteriaceae, with others reported from the East Coast of the United States. Although producers of these enzymes remain rare, the progress of this enzyme group merits monitoring.
The Coulter Principle: Foundation of an Industry (2003)

Keywords Coulter Principle, hematological instrumentation, automated blood-cell counts, particle analysis, cytometry
Quinone Methides in Lignification (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Quinone Methides from Radical Coupling in Lignification Rearomatization of Lignin Quinone Methides Quinone Methides Derived from Acylated Monolignols Synthesis of Quinone Methides Structure and Isomerism Reactivity with Nucleophiles Reduction of Quinone Methides During Lignification? Issues with the Radical Coupling Mechanism, and a Solution? Coupling Reactions with 9-Oxidized Analogues of the Monolignols Conclusions and Future Prospects References