gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical features of headache patients with fibromyalgia comorbidity (2011)

Our previous study assessed the prevalence of fibromyalgia (FM) syndrome in migraine and tension-type headache. We aimed to update our previous results, considering a larger cohort of primary headache patients who came for the first time at our tertiary headache ambulatory. A consecutive sample of 1,123 patients was screened. Frequency of FM in the main groups and types of primary headaches; discriminating factor for FM comorbidity derived from headache frequency and duration, age, anxiety, depression, headache disability, allodynia, pericranial tenderness, fatigue, quality of life and sleep, and probability of FM membership in groups; and types of primary headaches were assessed. FM was present in 174 among a total of 889 included patients. It prevailed in the tension-type headache main group (35%, p < 0.0001) and chronic tension-type headache subtype (44.3%, p < 0.0001). Headache frequency, anxiety, pericranial tenderness, poor sleep quality, and physical disability were the best discriminating variables for FM comorbidity, with 81.2% sensitivity. Patients presenting with chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache had a higher probability of sharing the FM profile (Bonferroni test, p < 0.01). A phenotypic profile where headache frequency concurs with anxiety, sleep disturbance, and pericranial tenderness should be individuated to detect the development of diffuse pain in headache patients.
A Multiple-Output Converter with Load Compensated Gain to Achieve Stability Under Light or no Loading Conditions (1982)

The electronic power processing hardware in telephone switching systems makes use of the multiple-output DC-DC regulated converter because of the space and cost savings which can be achieved. However, successful application requires that the minimum load dilemma (light or no loading on the closed-loop output and heavy loading on the auxiliary output) must be resolved. This paper describes the circuit configuration, control system, and component characteristic principles of a multiple-output DC-DC regulated converter. The unit power output vs. power input characteristics are described and compared to an ideal DC-DC power conversion unit.
Prolidase, a Potential Enzyme Target for Melanoma:  Design of Proline-Containing Dipeptide-like Prodrugs (2005)

Bioinformatics tools such as Perl, Visual Basic, Cluster, and TreeView were used to analyze public gene expression databases in order to identify potential enzyme targets for prodrug strategies. The analyses indicated that prolidase might be a desirable enzyme target based on its differential expression in melanoma cancer cell lines and its high substrate specificity for dipeptides containing proline at the carboxy terminus. RT-PCR expression of prolidase and hydrolytic activity against N-glycyl-l-proline (GLY-PRO), a standard substrate of prolidase, determined in tumor cell lines, exhibited a high correlation (r(2) = 0.95). These results suggest the possibility of targeting prolidase with prodrugs of anticancer agents for enhanced selectivity. The feasibility of such a scenario was tested by (a) synthesizing prodrugs of melphalan that comprised linkage of the carboxy terminus of the l-phenylalanine moiety of melphalan to the N-terminus of l and d stereoisomers of proline and (b) determining their bioconversion and antiproliferative activities in SK-MEL-5 cells, a melanoma cancer cell line with high expression levels of prolidase. The results of hydrolysis studies of the l- and d-proline prodrugs of melphalan, designated as prophalan-l and prophalan-d, respectively, indicated a approximately 7-fold higher rate of activation of prophalan-l compared to prophalan-d in SK-MEL-5 cell homogenates. Prophalan-l exhibited cytotoxicity (GI(50) = 74.8 microM) comparable to that of melphalan (GI(50) = 57.0 microM) in SK-MEL-5 cells while prophalan-d was ineffective, suggesting that prolidase-specific activation to the parent drug may be essential for cytotoxic action. Thus, melphalan prodrugs such as prophalan-l that are cleavable by prolidase offer the potential for enhanced selectivity by facilitating cytotoxic activity only in cells overexpressing prolidase.
Nitrogen-incorporated multiwalled carbon nanotubes grown by direct current plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2005)

The nitrogen-incorporated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) were synthesized by dc plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with a gas mixture of C2H2, NH3, and N2. Nitrogens in the N-MWCNTs were pyridinic nitrogen and graphitic nitrogen. With increase in the flow rate of N2 gas during the synthesis of MWCNTs, the pyridinic nitrogen increased much more than graphitic nitrogen. The near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectra revealed that the density of states such as π*, σ*, and π*+σ* bands of the N-MWCNTs decreased with increase of concentration of pyridinic nitrogen incorporated in the MWCNTs. The intensity ratio of the D band to the G band of Raman spectrum increased with the incorporation of nitrogen into MWCNTs.
<title>Progress in video immersion using Panospheric imaging</title> (1998)

Having demonstrated significant technical and marketplace advantages over other modalities for video immersion, Panospheric<SUP>TM</SUP> Imaging (PI) continues to evolve rapidly. This paper reports on progress achieved since AeroSense 97. The first practical field deployment of the technology occurred in June-August 1997 during the NASA-CMU 'Atacama Desert Trek' activity, where the Nomad mobile robot was teleoperated via immersive Panospheric<SUP>TM</SUP> imagery from a distance of several thousand kilometers. Research using teleoperated vehicles at DRES has also verified the exceptional utility of the PI technology for achieving high levels of situational awareness, operator confidence, and mission effectiveness. Important performance enhancements have been achieved with the completion of the 4<SUP>th</SUP> Generation PI DSP-based array processor system. The system is now able to provide dynamic full video-rate generation of spatial and computational transformations, resulting in a programmable and fully interactive immersive video telepresence. A new multi- CCD camera architecture has been created to exploit the bandwidth of this processor, yielding a well-matched PI system with greatly improved resolution. While the initial commercial application for this technology is expected to be video tele- conferencing, it also appears to have excellent potential for application in the 'Immersive Cockpit' concept. Additional progress is reported in the areas of Long Wave Infrared PI Imaging, Stereo PI concepts, PI based Video-Servoing concepts, PI based Video Navigation concepts, and Foveation concepts (to merge localized high-resolution views with immersive views).
A Computer Simulation of Multi-Ship Encounters (1982)

In a previous paper a model was outlined for an encounter between two vessels. This paper shows how the model has been developed to include the simulation of the behaviour of more than two ships, the entrance to harbours, and narrow channels. In a previous paper by the authors the concept of a domain was examined. Goodwin's definition of a domain was used, namely, ‘the effective area around a ship which a navigator would like to keep clear with respect to other ships and stationary objects’. The concept of distinct sectors for sidelights and sternlight was modified mathematically so that an area equal to the total of the segments was contained within a circle. By off-centering the position of the ship within this circle, the weighting of the differing areas for the various sectors was retained (Fig. I). A second circle with the ship off-centre was introduced called an arena or ‘sphere of influence’. When a ship is inside the arena a navigator becomes aware of the other ship and decides what action, if any, is needed to keep his own domain unviolated. This resulted in a model which obeyed the Collision Regulations.
Structuring personal activity records based on attention-analyzing videos from head mounted camera (2002)

Introduces a method for analyzing video records which contain personal activities captured by a head mounted camera. This aims to support the user in retrieving the most important or relevant portions from the videos. For this purpose, we use the user's behaviors which appear when he/she pays attention to something. We define two types of those behaviors, one of which is "gaze at something in a short period" and the other is "staying and continuously see something". These behaviors and the focused object can be detected by estimating camera and object motion. We describe the details of the method and experiments in which the method was applied to ordinary events.
Depth-concentration profile of hydrogen in niobium (1982)

Hydrogen concentration profiles near the surface of hydrogen-charged Nb samples have been measured by utilizing the $^{1}\mathrm{H}(^{15}\mathrm{N}, \ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\gamma})^{12}\mathrm{C}$ reaction. The Nb foils were charged under various ambient conditions to concentrations corresponding to the single-phase ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ region in the phase diagram. Each sample exhibited a strong H surface peak followed by a sharp dip and a gradual increase in H concentration to a plateau. The rate at which the hydrogen concentration increases towards the bulk as well as the height of the plateau is related to the method of sample preparation, the higher the oxygen content, the lower the hydrogen concentration near the surface. These observations suggest that the H concentration near the surface of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-Nb-55 at.% H is lower than that in the bulk because of the presence of oxides and dissolved oxygen. They also indicate that samples charged with hydrogen after heating to over \ensuremath{\sim}250\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C in a pressure of >1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ Torr will develop an oxygen-enriched and hydrogen-depleted zone near the surface.
An FPGA-Based Real-Time Maximum Likelihood 3D Position Estimation for a Continuous Crystal PET Detector (2016)

For the continuous crystal-based positron emission tomography (PET) detector built in our lab, a maximum likelihood algorithm adapted for implementation on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) is proposed to estimate the three-dimensional (3D) coordinate of interaction position with the single-end detected scintillation light response. The row-sum and column-sum readout scheme organizes the 64 channels of photomultiplier (PMT) into eight row signals and eight column signals to be readout for X- and Y-coordinates estimation independently. By the reference events irradiated in a known oblique angle, the probability density function (PDF) for each depth-of-interaction (DOI) segment is generated, by which the reference events in perpendicular irradiation are assigned to DOI segments for generating the PDFs for X and Y estimation in each DOI layer. Evaluated by the experimental data, the algorithm achieves an average X resolution of 1.69 mm along the central X-axis, and DOI resolution of 3.70 mm over the whole thickness (0-10 mm) of crystal. The performance improvements from 2D estimation to the 3D algorithm are also presented. Benefiting from abundant resources of FPGA and a hierarchical storage arrangement, the whole algorithm can be implemented into a middle-scale FPGA. By a parallel structure in pipelines, the 3D position estimator on the FPGA can achieve a processing throughput of 15 M events/s, which is sufficient for the requirement of real-time PET imaging.
The effect of the dry glass transition temperature on the synthesis of paraffin microcapsules obtained by suspension‐like polymerization (2013)

PRS® paraffin wax was encapsulated by means of suspension‐like copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with butyl acrylate (BA). The effects of the polymeric shell dry glass transition temperature ( T g ) and the reaction temperature ( T r ) were then studied. Additionally, the evolution of particle diameter, molecular weight, conversion, and T g during polymerization was also researched. The chemical properties of the shell material (acrylic polymer), together with those found in the core material (PRS® paraffin wax), for instance: polarity and interfacial tensions, largely determine whether the morphology of the microcapsules will be thermodynamically favored or not. The high polarity of MMA (γ 0 = 18 mN m −1 ) and BA (γ 0 = 24 mN m −1 ) should provide a thermodynamic driving force to cover the paraffin wax droplet which would result in a core/shell thermodynamically favored structure. However, most systems are defined by kinetics rather than thermodynamics such as the monomers dry T g and T r . It was observed that penetration of polymer radical chains was severely limited when the dry T g was ≥10°C above the reaction temperature, resulting in irregular and undifferentiated particles. However, penetration did occur when the copolymeric shell dry T g was ∼10°C below the reaction temperature which led to uniform and spherical particles being synthesized. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:208–214, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Reversible Bulk-Phase Change of Anthroyl Compounds for Photopatterning Based on Photodimerization in the Molten State and Thermal Back Reaction (2013)

As new organic materials for rewritable photopatterning, 2-anthroyl and 9-anthroyl ester compounds were synthesized. Their bulk-phase changes (we use "bulk-phase change" as complete phase change in a mass of a material neither in a surface nor in a small quantity in this study) triggered by photodimerization under melting conditions (melt-photodimerization) and subsequent thermal back reactions were investigated. All the anthroyl compounds exhibited melting points lower than ca. 160 °C, and they were nearly quantitatively converted to the corresponding photodimers by UV irradiation at temperatures of ∼5 °C higher than their respective melting points. We found that there were two kinds of bulk-phase change behaviors through the photoreaction. Two of the anthroyl compounds remained isotropic and lost fluidity during the melt-photodimerization. The obtained photodimers exhibited robust solid-state amorphous phases at room temperature. In contrast, the other three anthroyl compounds showed crystallization during the melt-photodimerization. The resulting photodimers changed from isotropic to crystalline phases, even at high temperature. Various experiments revealed that the bulk phase of the photodimers was affected not by the existence of regioisomers but by their fluidity at the photoirradiation temperature. The latter three photodimers retained enough fluidity, reflecting their high molecular mobilities at the photoirradiation temperature at which the isothermal crystallization occurred. The other two products were not able to crystallize due to low fluidity, resulting in amorphous phases. We also found that all the photodimers reverted to the corresponding monomers by thermal back reaction and recovered their initial photochemical and thermal properties. Using these reversible bulk-phase changes of the anthroyl compounds, we successfully demonstrated rewritable photopatterning in not only negative images but also positive ones, based on the optical contrast between the ordered and disordered phases.
SUBA: the Arabidopsis Subcellular Database (2006)

Knowledge of protein localisation contributes towards our understanding of protein function and of biological inter-relationships. A variety of experimental methods are currently being used to produce localisation data that need to be made accessible in an integrated manner. Chimeric fluorescent fusion proteins have been used to define subcellular localisations with at least 1100 related experiments completed in Arabidopsis. More recently, many studies have employed mass spectrometry to undertake proteomic surveys of subcellular components in Arabidopsis yielding localisation information for approximately 2600 proteins. Further protein localisation information may be obtained from other literature references to analysis of locations (AmiGO: approximately 900 proteins), location information from Swiss-Prot annotations (approximately 2000 proteins); and location inferred from gene descriptions (approximately 2700 proteins). Additionally, an increasing volume of available software provides location prediction information for proteins based on amino acid sequence. We have undertaken to bring these various data sources together to build SUBA, a SUBcellular location database for Arabidopsis proteins. The localisation data in SUBA encompasses 10 distinct subcellular locations, >6743 non-redundant proteins and represents the proteins encoded in the transcripts responsible for 51% of Arabidopsis expressed sequence tags. The SUBA database provides a powerful means by which to assess protein subcellular localisation in Arabidopsis (http://www.suba.bcs.uwa.edu.au).
Nanoscale polarization relaxation kinetics in polycrystalline ferroelectric thin films (2007)

We report on the nanoscale kinetics of ferroelectric domain wall motion in polycrystalline ferroelectric thin films. High-resolution piezoresponse force microscopy is employed to investigate the changes that occur at the domain wall surface during the polarization relaxation process. 50×50nm2 domain images reveal that domain wall motion is a very jerky process. The domain wall motion shows two distinct cycles—one where it breaks into several segments to advance, following which it recombines to form a continuous surface. This “pinning-depinning” cycle continues throughout the relaxation process. A kinetic model based on the concept of domain wall mobility and a thermodynamic driving force is developed to explain this jagged motion.
Governing Infrastructure Networks for a Low Carbon Economy: Co-Evolution of Technologies and Institutions in UK Electricity Distribution Networks (2011)

This paper analyses efforts to promote innovation in the UK energy networks sector. Using a case study approach, we chart the co-evolution between technologies and institutions in electricity distribution networks since the introduction of privatization and market liberalization over twenty years ago. It is observed that as a result of macro level institutional dynamics, innovation has become an increasingly important policy and regulatory goal. However, efforts to promote radical and architectural innovation, such as the transition to a smart grid, face significant barriers at the firm and sector levels. It is argued that changes are required to the formal and informal institutions which govern the sector in order to promote a more coherent relationship between technological and institutional change, leading to a productive innovation system which allows firms to collaborate across the electricity value chain and develop inter-firm/cross sector innovation partnerships.
Motherhood and the Spirit of the New Capitalism (2005)

A discussion on how the contemporary redefinition of motherhood is profoundly shaped by the new capitalism is presented. The new capitalism places pressure on mothers to get their children and themselves onto a schedule of efficient time management as fast as possible and is also profoundly reshaping our tolerance and generosity towards vulnerability.
Quality-biased Rate Allocation for Compound Image Coding with Block Classification (2006)

In this paper, we propose a novel rate allocation method for compound image coding using Quality-biased Rate-Distortion Optimization (QRDO) technique to enhance visual quality. The compound image is divided into 16 times 16 blocks, which are further classified into four types: smooth, text/graphics, continuous tone and hybrid blocks. Four carefully designed coding approaches according to different statistical features are introduced to compress them, and rate-distortion tradeoff with QRDO technique is considered to decide which approach should be used for each block. The quality of "text" regions is specially emphasized during this process by weighting blocks according to their types, which is verified by experimental results
MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY TO DETECT LECITHIN IN AMNIOTIC FLUID AND FETAL LUNG (2000)

In Brief Background Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a noninvasive technique that detects molecules within a specified region in vivo. Lecithin, the major component of surfactant, has a characteristic magnetic resonance signal, but to our knowledge, it has never been reported in fetal lung or amniotic fluid (AF). The objective of this study was to characterize the lecithin signal in utero, which could lead to a noninvasive fetal lung maturity test. Method Human fetal lung and AF pockets can be identified and studied with magnetic resonance spectroscopy with the use of a 1.5-tesla Vision whole-body magnetic resonance scanner (Siemens Medical Systems; Erlangen, Germany). Spectroscopy data are collected with a single-voxel-point–resolved spectroscopy sequence. After identification of fetal anatomy with the use of scout magnetic resonance images, magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human fetal lung and AF identifies a lecithin peak. Experience Three healthy gravidas near term were studied and lecithin peaks were identified in all. Conclusion Lecithin can be identified in vivo with the use of volume-selected proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Patient comfort and extremely short scan times suggest that refined magnetic resonance spectroscopy might be a safe, quick, and comfortable test of fetal lung maturity. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy detects lecithin and has the potential to be a quick, comfortable test for fetal lung maturity.
Transnuclear retrotransposition of the Tad element of Neurospora. (1993)

Tad is a LINE-like DNA element found in Neutrospora crassa. A Neurospora artificial intron based on the first intron of the am (glutamate dehydrogenase) gene was constructed and introduced, in the correct orientation, into a unique Nru I site in open reading frame 1 of an active Tad element, Tad1-1. Transformants containing the Tad element with the artificial intron were placed in forced heterokaryons with strains lacking Tad elements. Tad was shown to transpose between nuclei in these heterokaryons. Examination of the transposed Tad elements showed that the intron had been precisely removed in all cases. This confirms that Tad is a retrotransposon and that there is a cytoplasmic phase in these retrotransposition events.