gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol inhibits <scp>SARS‐Cov</scp>‐2 spike (S) protein‐induced cytotoxicity and inflammation through a <scp>PPARγ</scp>‐dependent <scp>TLR4</scp>/<scp>NLRP3</scp>/Caspase‐1 signaling suppression in Caco‐2 cell line (2021)

Given the abundancy of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors density, beyond the lung, the intestine is considered as an alternative site of infection and replication for severe acute respiratory syndrome by coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Cannabidiol (CBD) has recently been proposed in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) respiratory symptoms because of its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity exerted in the lung. In this study, we demonstrated the in vitro PPAR-γ-dependent efficacy of CBD (10<sup>-9</sup> -10<sup>-7</sup> M) in preventing epithelial damage and hyperinflammatory response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) in a Caco-2 cells. Immunoblot analysis revealed that CBD was able to reduce all the analyzed proinflammatory markers triggered by SP incubation, such as tool-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), ACE-2, family members of Ras homologues A-GTPase (RhoA-GTPase), inflammasome complex (NLRP3), and Caspase-1. CBD caused a parallel inhibition of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-18 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. By immunofluorescence analysis, we observed increased expression of tight-junction proteins and restoration of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) following CBD treatment, as well as the rescue of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran permeability induced by SP. Our data indicate, in conclusion, that CBD is a powerful inhibitor of SP protein enterotoxicity in vitro.
Inhibition of methyltransferase reduces the turnover of acetylcholine receptors. (1988)

Because of the putative rule of phospholipid methyltransferase reactions in many important membrane and receptor translocation processes, we studied the effect of methyltransferase inhibitors on acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) turnover in cultured rat skeletal muscle. Inhibition of methyltransferase significantly reduced the normal rate of degradation of AcChoRs, a process that involves endocytosis. Further, under conditions that greatly accelerate the rate of degradation of AcChoRs--i.e., by addition of anti-AcChoR antibody--methyltransferase inhibitors again significantly reduced receptor turnover. AcChoR synthesis was unaffected. Thus, the net effect of this treatment was slowing of the antibody-induced loss of surface AcChoRs. That this drug effect was mediated specifically by inhibition of methylation reactions was suggested by certain additional pharmacologic features: partial reversibility of the effect by methionine, enhancement by homocysteine, and correspondence with marked inhibition of phospholipid methylation. The substrate specificity of the methyltransferase inhibitors capable of reducing AcChoR degradation suggests that phospholipid methylation reactions may be most relevant. Methyltransferase inhibitor drugs may provide a therapeutic strategy in receptor disorders such as myasthenia gravis, in which accelerated receptor endocytosis plays a major role.
Mechanically Stable Lipid Bilayers in Teflon-Coated Silicon Chips for Single-Channel Recordings (2012)

We demonstrate the microfabrication of a low-noise silicon (Si) chip as a platform for suspending mechanically stable bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs). Microapertures with smoothly tapered edges were formed by isotropic etching in a silicon nitride layer deposited on a Si substrate. The surface of the Si chip was coated with insulator layers of Teflon and SiO2. The insulator coating worked to reduce the total capacitance, leading to noise reduction (1-2 pA in peak-to-peak after low-pass filtering at 1 kHz) and elimination of current transients ( < 0.5 ms). Since the tapered edges were necessary to maintain mechanically stable BLMs, the entire chip except for the aperture was coated with the insulators. Owing to this process, the BLMs formed in the Si chips still showed high mechanical stability after coating with the insulator layers. The membranes withstood high applied voltage (±1 V) and mechanical shocks during solution exchanges. The mechanically stable BLMs having electric properties suitable for recording activities of biological channels will open up a variety of applications including high-throughput analysis of ion-channel proteins. Keywords: Planar bilayer lipid membranes, single-channel recording, microfabrication, Teflon fabrication., low-noise silicon, BLMs, Fabrication, Insulator Coatings
9. Nonlinear Least Squares Problems (1996)

9.1. The Nonlinear Least Squares Problem
Local Affine Image Matching and Synthesis Based on Structural Patterns (2010)

A general purpose block-to-block affine transformation estimator is described. The estimator is based on Fourier slice analysis and Fourier spectral alignment. It shows encouraging performance in terms of both speed and accuracy compared to existing methods. The key elements of its success are attributed to the ability to: 1) locate an arbitrary number of affine invariant points in the spectrum that latch onto significant structural features; 2) match the estimated invariant points with the target spectrum by the slicewise phase-correlation; and 3) use affine invariant points to directly compute all linear parameters of the full affine transform by spectral alignment. Experimental results using a wide range of textures are presented. Potential applications include affine invariant image segmentation, registration, affine symmetric image coding, and motion analysis.
Techniques for Implementing Derived Credentials (2012)

The requirement of a Government-wide means of authenticating federal employ-ees and contractors stated by HSPD-12 is traditionally met by PIV smartcards in civilian agencies and CAC smartcards in the Department of Defense. But there are substantial obstacles to using a smartcard for authentication when an information system is accessed via a mobile device. NIST is investigating alternative authentica-tion methods that rely on derived credentials not contained in smartcards. In this paper we propose three techniques that can facilitate the implementation, deployment and use of derived credentials. The first technique eliminates the administrative cost that would be incurred by having to issue certificates to the mobile devices owned by users in addition to issuing certificates to the users themselves, by dispensing with client certificates. The second technique makes it possible to provide two- and three-factor authentication on a mobile device by using a PIN and/or a biometric sample to regenerate a key pair, obviating the need for tamper-resistant storage, which is not generally available on today’s mobile devices. The third technique relieves developers from having to incorporate cryptographic and/or biometric functionality into mobile apps by outsourcing authentication to a prover black box and a verifier black box. These techniques would allow federal agencies to develop mobile apps quickly and inexpensively while complying with the authentication requirements of HSPD-12. 1
Assessment of Survival in Patients With Primary Pulmonary Hypertension (2002)

Peak VO(2) and peak SBP are independent and strong predictors of survival in PPH patients. Hemodynamic parameters, although also accurate predictors, provide no independent prognostic information.
Multiresolution field map estimation using golden section search for water‐fat separation (2008)

Many diagnostic MRI sequences demand reliable and uniform fat suppression. Multipoint water-fat separation methods, which are based on chemical-shift induced phase differences, have shown great success in the presence of field inhomogeneities. This work presents a computationally efficient and robust field map estimation method. The method begins with subsampling image data into a multiresolution image pyramidal structure, and then utilizes a golden section search to directly locate possible field map values at the coarsest level of the pyramidal structure. The field map estimate is refined and propagated to increasingly finer resolutions in an efficient manner until the full-resolution field map is obtained for final water-fat separation. The proposed method is validated with multiecho sequences where long echo-spacings normally impose great challenges on reliable field map estimation.
Specific synthesis of adenosine(5′)tetraphospho(5′)nucleoside and adenosine(5′)oligophospho(5′)adenosine (<i>n</i> > 4) catalyzed by firefly luciverase (1993)

Luciferase catalyzes the preferential synthesis of adenosine(5')tetraphospho(5')nucleoside (Ap4N) in the presence of luciferin (LH2), adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (ATP[gamma S]) and NTP (other than ATP), with very low, or undetectable synthesis of Ap4A or Np4N, because ATP[gamma S] is a good adenylyl donor for the formation of the E-LH2-AMP complex, but a poor adenylyl acceptor from the complex, and NTP, other than ATP, are bad nucleotidyl donors, but good acceptors of the AMP moiety of the E-LH2-AMP complex. Synthesis of the corresponding Ap4N (or Ap5G in the case of p4G were obtained in the presence of ATP[gamma S] and GTP, UTP, CTP, XTP, dTTP, ITP, dGTP, dCTP, dITP, epsilon ATP (epsilon A, N6-ethenoadenosine) or p4G. The yield of synthesis of Ap4N was at least 50% of that theoretically expected. The process can be easily scaled-up, which allows synthesis of at least 1-5 mumol Ap4N. Further evidence for the synthesis of Ap4G from ATP[gamma S] and GTP was obtained by 1H-NMR and 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Synthesis of Ap4N, in yields lower than those above, can also be obtained in the presence of ADP and NTP; synthesis is due to the presence in commercial luciferase of enzymes (adenylate kinase and NDP kinase) that catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP and NTP. In the presence of ATP and polyphosphates, luciferase catalyzes the synthesis of a variety of compounds of adenosine 5'-polyphosphates (pnA; n = 3-20 and ApnA; n = 4-16). In the presence of P3 or P4, preferential synthesis of p4A and Ap5A or p5A and Ap6A were obtained, respectively, showing that both polyphosphates accept the adenylyl moiety of the E-LH2-AMP complex. Polyphosphates of chain length 5, 15 and 35 elicited the synthesis of a variety of PnA and ApnA. Ap4A is also split by luciferase in the presence of P3 or P4 (but not in the presence of P5) yielding preferential synthesis of p4A and Ap5A, or p5A and Ap6A, respectively.
The Neocortex of Macaca mulatta (1948)

This is, to date, the only thorough study of the cortex of the most commonly used primate. It has a prologue, seven autonomous chapters and an epilogue. It is written in good prose, with a happy choice of words, preserving familiar terms without loss of precision. Its ninety pages of text include about fourteen pages of tables and clear line drawings schematizing the growth, size and proportion of the brain, its fissural pattern, thickness of layers, survey by serial sections, partial maps by sundry authors and diagrams of interconnections. The frontispiece, in color, conveys the distribution of distinguishable architectural areas and by its tinting suggests how these merge into one another. There is a carefully selected bibliography of some one hundred and fifty entries. But the most important portion of the volume is, as the authors state, a set of sixty-two collotype plates, each at a magnification of 100 diameters,
Disease modifying therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis (2016)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, disabling, putatively autoimmune neurological disease with worldwide distribution. It typically begins as a relapsing disorder that later evolves to a secondary progressive phase. Inflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms seem to operate in both phases, but their relative contributions and interactions are incompletely understood. Disease modifying therapies (DMTs) approved for relapsing multiple sclerosis interfere with a variety of immunological mechanisms to reduce rates of relapse, accumulation of disease burden measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and decline in neurological function over the two to three year duration of typical randomized controlled trials. Benefits of longer duration of therapy on disability are less clear, as data beyond three years are largely limited to observational studies. However, current DMTs do not slow accrual of disability once progressive multiple sclerosis is established. This review summarizes the evidence about the use of approved DMTs and examines how to individualize treatment despite the absence of validated biomarkers to guide drug selection. Methods such as stratifying patients on the basis of estimated risk for future disability, weighing patient specific factors and preferences, and using objective outcomes to adjudicate treatment success are discussed. Emerging drug therapies and strategies are also reviewed.
Thirteen years of manipulating the mouse genome: a personal history (1998)

In 1974, Dr. Ralph Brinster published a paper describing the consequences of injecting embryonal carcinoma cells, the predecessors of embryonic stem cells, into mouse blastocysts. Despite their early promise, embryonal carcinoma cells would not efficiently populate the germ line of mice. A decade later Elizabeth Robertson and I described the efficient generation of germline chimaeras from cultured embryonic stem cells and shortly afterwards the genetic manipulation of the mouse germline using ES cells. Our demonstration of the potency of Embryonic Stem cells gave birth to a new era in manipulative mouse genetics, one in which endogenous genes can now be mutated at will using gene targeting of retroviral mutagenesis. This review focuses on the development and testing of concepts and techniques during the thirteen years after we knew germline modification of endogenous genes in the mouse would be possible. This period is one in which more and more sophisticated tools for manipulating the mouse germline were developed and implemented. In this review I have taken the rare opportunity to reveal some of my thought processes, frustrations, successes and failures as we moved through this exciting period of rapid technological change. As I look forward to the next thirteen years, I feel that this will be an equally exciting period for manipulative genetics as we struggle to formulate concepts and design experiments that enable us to understand gene function in an era when the sequence of all genes will be known.
Isolation of Two Cell Lines from a Human Malignant Glioma Specimen Differing in Sensitivity to Radiation and Chemotherapeutic Drugs (1993)

Two aneuploid cell lines which differ in their inherent sensitivity to ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic agents were established concurrently from a single tumor specimen obtained from a patient with glioblastoma. M059J cells are approximately 30-fold more sensitive to radiation than are M059K cells (surviving fractions at 2 Gy were 0.02 and 0.64, respectively). This relative difference in radiation sensitivity has remained a stable feature of the cell lines during 2 years in continuous culture. In addition, cells of the M059J line are more sensitive than those of the M059K line to the cytotoxic effects of bleomycin, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea, and nitrogen mustard. These cell lines may prove to provide a useful model system for evaluating the cellular and molecular processes which confer resistance or sensitivity in cancer treatment.
Proximal Protection Devices and Flow Reversal for Embolic Protection (2014)

Carotid artery disease leading to stroke is one the primary causes of serious long-term disability in the United States today. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has proven to be a reasonable alternative to carotid endarterectomy in patients who are felt to be at high risk for endarterectomy. Appropriate indications for CAS include patients with both high physiologic and anatomic risk for the standard therapy of carotid endarterectomy. It is this patient population that has caused the dramatic upsurge in new technologies and techniques to reduce perioperative stroke rates. A good deal of that effort has been focused on embolic protection devices (EPD). The body of literature supporting the use of proximal embolic protection continues to grow. Also, as is the case with other means of embolic protection, the rate of periprocedural cerebrovascular events continues to decline over time as surgeons and interventionalists become more experienced performing CAS with proximal protection and flow reversal. Current data are supportive of the use of proximal protection devices. However, all of the data are from single-arm registry studies. Head-to-head studies comparing proximal protection devices vs distal embolic protection devices are still warranted.
Statistical Analysis of Wind Power Forecast Error (2008)

Wind power forecast error usually has been assumed to have a near Gaussian distribution. With a simple statistical analysis, it can be shown that this is not valid. To obtain a more appropriate probability density function (pdf) of the wind power forecast error, an indirect algorithm based on the Beta pdf is proposed. Measured one-year time series from two different wind farms are used to generate the forecast data. Three different forecast scenarios are simulated based on the persistence approach. This makes the results comparable to other forecast methods. It is found that the forecast error pdf has a variable kurtosis ranging from 3 (like the Gaussian) to over 10, and therefore it can be categorized as fat-tailed. A new approximation function for the parameters of the Beta pdf is proposed because results from former publications could not be confirmed. Besides, a linear approximation is developed to describe the relationship between the persistence forecast and the related mean measured power. An energy storage system (ESS), which reduces the forecast error and smooths the wind power output, is considered. Results for this case show the usefulness of the proposed forecast error pdf for finding the optimum rated ESS power.
A Prospective Evaluation of a Protocol for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Patients With Implanted Cardiac Devices (2011)

With appropriate precautions, MRI can be done safely in patients with selected cardiac devices. Because changes in device variables and programming may occur, electrophysiologic monitoring during MRI is essential.
Palladium nanocatalysts protected by polyacids (1998)

Several colloidal palladium nanocatalysts prepared by the in situ reduction of palladium chloride PdCl2, ammonium tetrachloropalladate (NH4)2PdCl4, and palladium acetate Pd(CH3COO)2 were protected by various water-soluble polymers, with special emphasis on polyacids. The particle sizes, morphologies, and size distributions of the palladium nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their catalytic activities were qualitatively tested by the hydrogenation of cyclohexene. The type of the polymer (for example, polyacid versus a nonionic, water-soluble polymer) can influence the nanoparticle sizes and morphologies, as well as colloidal stabilities. For the catalytic activities of these metal–polymer systems, the choice of the protective polymer can be equally important. Lower catalytic activities have been mostly found if polyacids were used as protective matrices for these palladium nanocatalysts. It was found to be important to consider several influences, such as the particle size and morphology, as well as the interaction between the polymer and the catalyst nanoparticle. Thus, the selection of the protective polymer is crucial for the development of tailored metal–polymer catalyst systems. Additional influences may stem from the presence of ions, for example, those from the metal precursor, or the counterions of the polymer side groups. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70: 1209–1219, 1998
Simulation of the stopping behavior of industrial robots using a complementarity-based approach (2011)

The braking behavior of industrial robots is an important aspect for the hazard assessment of human-robot interaction involving high robot speeds. This paper proposes an adaptation of a complementarity-based treatment of friction forces [1] to the simulation of the stopping behavior of robots. A time-stepping scheme is used for integration. The system matrices are computed using an auto-coding scheme to allow rapid adaptation to arbitrary serial kinematic robots. The model is capable of handling the set-valuedness of the friction curve. Comparison of the model results with the measured braking behavior of an industrial robot shows that the general behavior of the model is correct. However, the agreement of model and measurement is still not satisfying. Better mass parameter values and functions for the brake moment are required. Simulations performed with the model suggest a strong and possibly hazardous decay of the stopping behavior for specific robot motions that is hard to predict without an appropriate model.
Electromigration failure in a copper dual-damascene structure with a through silicon via (2012)

Electromigration induced failure development in a copper dual-damascene structure with a through silicon via (TSV) located at the cathode end of the line is studied. The resistance change caused by void growth under the TSV and the interconnect lifetime estimation are modeled based on analytical expressions and also investigated with the help of numerical simulations of fully three-dimensional structures. It is shown that, in addition to the high resistance increase caused by a large void, a small void under the TSV can also lead to a significant resistance increase, particularly in the presence of imperfections at the TSV bottom introduced during the fabrication process. As a consequence, electromigration failure in such structures is likely to have bimodal characteristics. The simulation results have indicated that both modes are important to be considered in order to obtain a more precise description of the interconnect lifetime distribution.
Accessory Splenic Stomach Wall Abscess Mass Simulating Neoplasm (1974)

A case is described of the diagnostic dilemma presented by a mass in the fundus of the stomach which proved at laparotomy to be caused by a large granulation tissue mass central to accessory splenic tissue. Relevant extracts from the literature are quoted in a discussion of the problems arising from this unusual pathology.
Analog decoding of product codes (2003)

A method is presented for analog soft-decision decoding of block product codes (block turbo codes). Extrinsic information is exchanged as analog signals between component row and column decoders. The component MAP decoders use low-power analog computation in subthreshold CMOS circuits to implement the sum-product algorithm. An example decoder design is presented for a (16, 11)/sup 2/ Hamming code.
Work Index and Milling Efficiency of Size Reduction of Maize Using Plate Mill (2012)

Effects of moisture content, speed and feed inlet opening on efficiency of milling using plate mill were determined. Variables were moisture content (10.64, 14.0 16.0, 20.0, 17.36% w. b.), speed (189, 432, 484, 576, 674 rpm) and feed inlet openings (1716, 3900, 4373, 5200, 6084 mm2). Mean work indexes for milling maize grit, meal and flour were 0.40 ± 0.01, 0.13 ± 0.03, and 0.70 ± 0.00 kWh/kg, respectively. Grits, meal, and flour fractions ranged from 48.36 to 75.94%, 21.23 to 48.28% and 1.08 to 4.26%, respectively. The three variables significantly influenced milling efficiency (p<0.05). Optimising grit fraction gave 79.63% grits, 19.75% meals and 1.03% flour. While meal fraction optimisation gave 54.03% grits, 44.89% meals, and 1.97% flour, and flour production optimisation gave 64.82% grits, 30.43% meals, and 4.77% flour. Validation of predicted optimal parameters gave errors of 3.03, 4.04 and 2.50% for grit, meal and flour respectively.