gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics [PART 1. MECHANICS] (2010)

In writing this eighth edition of Physics for Scientists and Engineers, we continue our
ongoing efforts to improve the clarity of presentation and include new pedagogical
features that help support the learning and teaching processes. Drawing on positive
feedback from users of the seventh edition, data gathered from both professors
and students who use Enhanced WebAssign, as well as reviewers’ suggestions, we
have refined the text to better meet the needs of students and teachers.

This textbook is intended for a course in introductory physics for students majoring
in science or engineering. The entire contents of the book in its extended version
could be covered in a three-semester course, but it is possible to use the material
in shorter sequences with the omission of selected chapters and sections. The
mathematical background of the student taking this course should ideally include
one semester of calculus. If that is not possible, the student should be enrolled in a
concurrent course in introductory calculus.

This introductory physics textbook has two main objectives: to provide the student
with a clear and logical presentation of the basic concepts and principles of physics
and to strengthen an understanding of the concepts and principles through
a broad range of interesting real-world applications. To meet these objectives, we
emphasize sound physical arguments and problem-solving methodology. At the
same time, we attempt to motivate the student through practical examples that
demonstrate the role of physics in other disciplines, including engineering, chemistry,
and medicine.
Wafer-level vacuum packaged resonant micro-scanning mirrors for compact laser projection displays (2008)

Scanning laser projection using resonant actuated MEMS scanning mirrors is expected to overcome the current limitation of small display size of mobile devices like cell phones, digital cameras and PDAs. Recent progress in the development of compact modulated RGB laser sources enables to set up very small laser projection systems that become attractive not only for consumer products but also for automotive applications like head-up and dash-board displays. Within the last years continuous progress was made in increasing MEMS scanner performance. However, only little is reported on how mass-produceability of these devices and stable functionality even under harsh environmental conditions can be guaranteed. Automotive application requires stable MEMS scanner operation over a wide temperature range from -40° to +85°Celsius. Therefore, hermetic packaging of electrostatically actuated MEMS scanning mirrors becomes essential to protect the sensitive device against particle contamination and condensing moisture. This paper reports on design, fabrication and test of a resonant actuated two-dimensional micro scanning mirror that is hermetically sealed on wafer level. With resonant frequencies of 30kHz and 1kHz, an achievable Theta-D-product of 13mm.deg and low dynamic deformation <20nm RMS it targets Lissajous projection with SVGA-resolution. Inevitable reflexes at the vacuum package surface can be seperated from the projection field by permanent inclination of the micromirror.
CARDIOVASCULAR TISSUE ENGINEERING—NEW BIOREACTOR FOR TISSUE DEVELOPMENT AT 2-D SHEAR STRESS CONDITIONS (2002)

The mechanical behavior of heart valve cusps is anisotropic. That means, that the elasticity in radial direction is different to the circumferential direction. This behavior mainly bases on the complex microstructure. To induce a comparable tissue behavior in tissue engineered valve cusps a new bioreactor for the generation of a 2-D shear field was developed. A new bioreactor was developed based on two coaxial cylinders. The inner cylinder turns around the axis. The outer cylinder was coated with bovine myofibroblasts of arterial origin. The gap between the cylinders was filled with cell culture medium supplemented with ascorbic acid 2 phosphate to increase the collagen synthesis. The medium in the gap was continuously exchanged with a flow rate of 3 ml/h. Depending on the geometry, the viscosity of the fluid and the rotation speed vertical countercurrent vortices will be generated. The combination of the horizontal and the vertical forces leads to a fishbone flow pattern at the cultured surface. Depending on the rotation speed, the angle between the 2-D flow pattern could he varied. The orientation of cells and new synthesized collagen bundles along the stream was investigated previously. The new developed bioreactor allows the generation of a 2-D flow pattern and might be used to influence the development of tissue engineered microstructure.
Dependence of semiconductor laser linewidth on measurement time: evidence of predominance of 1/ <i>f</i> noise (1985)

Linewidths of 1.3 μm InGaAsP lasers were measured by using delayed self-heterodyne set-ups with two different delay-line lengths, i.e. with two equivalent measurement times. It has been found that in high-power operation the linewidth increases as the measurement time becomes longer, and that this dependence is explained well by a calculation assuming that the 1/f noise in the FM noise spectrum is the predominant cause of the spectral broadening. The significance of this fact in coherent optical communications is discussed.
Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads of a Human Dermal Allograft Rotator Cuff Augmentation (2008)

The human dermal allograft can be expected to significantly increase the initial strength of a rotator cuff repair.
Conductance quantization in mesoscopic graphene (2006)

Using a generalized Landauer approach we study the nonlinear transport in mesoscopic graphene with zigzag and armchair edges. We find that for clean systems, the low-bias low-temperature conductance, $G$, of an armchair edge system is quantized as $G∕\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{t}=4n{e}^{2}∕h$, whereas for a zigzag edge the quantization changes to $G∕\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{t}=4(n+1∕2){e}^{2}∕h$, where $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{t}$ is the transmission probability and $n$ is an integer. We also study the effects of a nonzero bias, temperature, and magnetic field on the conductance. The magnetic field dependence of the quantization plateaus in these systems is somewhat different from the one found in the two-dimensional electron gas due to a different Landau level quantization.
Runtime multi-versioning and specialization inside a memoized speculative loop optimizer (2020)

In this paper, we propose a runtime framework that implements code multi-versioning and specialization to optimize and parallelize loop kernels that are invoked many times with varying parameters. These parameters may influence the code structure, the touched memory locations, the workload, and the runtime performance. They may also impact the validity of the parallelizing and optimizing polyhedral transformations that are applied on-the-fly.
Protein Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens of Rats Exposed to Developmental Vitamin D Deficiency (2008)

Developmental vitamin D deficiency was associated with subtle changes in protein expression in the nucleus accumbens. Disruptions in pathways related to calcium-binding proteins and mitochondrial function may underlie some of the behavioural features associated with animal models of developmental vitamin D deficiency.
<title>Application Of Helium Isotopes to a NMR Gyro</title> (1978)

The helium isotopes 3He and 4He have properties which make them attractive in a NMR gyro application. Very long polarization relaxation times (up to 24 hours) have been observed with 3He. 4He has been used successfully for a number of years in high sensitivity magnetometers. Analysis and experimental effort have been directed toward the implementation of a NMR gyro using 3He as the rotation sensitive element and 4He to eliminate sensitivity to magnetic fields. In recent experiments, semiconductor diode lasers have been demonstrated to have good characteristics for optical pumping of helium and the simultaneous magnetic resonance of 3He and 4He in a single cell has been observed.
The Chronically Stimulated Muscle as an Energy Source for Artificial Organs (1984)

In 5 adult sheep the psoas muscle of one side was electrically stimulated through the muscle nerves with an implantable stimulation unit for more than 5 weeks. In the final experiments the isometric tetanic tension of the stimulated muscles was reduced to 50-70% of the contralateral normal muscle. The use of only 15 Hz as a stimulation frequency led to a transformation of the originally fast muscle into a slow muscle with more resistance to fatigue. Future application of the chronically stimulated psoas muscle for driving artificial organs is discussed.
Box truss development and applications (1983)

The development and applications of a box truss design for large space antennas are discussed. A kinematic model with a mesh reflector was constructed. A prototype cube is described. Details of fabrication are given.
Treatment of Stage II Posterior Tibial Tendon Deficiency With Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon Transfer and Calcaneal Osteotomy (2004)

The surgical correction of stage II posterior tibial tendon deficiency with medial translational calcaneus osteotomy and flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer to the navicular yielded excellent results with minimal complications and a high patient satisfaction rate.
Real-time Dynamic CO2 Administration: A Novel Treatment Strategy For Periodic Breathing (2010)

Objectives and background: Oscillations in end-tidal carbon dioxide (et-CO2) drive the characteristic ventilatory oscillations of periodic breathing (PB) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) in heart failure (HF). Exogenous CO2 administration (constant concentration, constant flow) successfully avoids apnoeas but is associated with significantly increased et-CO2 which may contribute to sympathetic hyperactivity.
Identification by monoclonal antibodies of an antigen shed by human bladder cancer cells. (1989)

The reactivities of two anti-bladder cancer monoclonal antibodies, AN43 and BB369, were characterized. AN43 and BB369 reacted with a majority (greater than 50%) of bladder cancer tissue sections tested by immunoperoxidase staining. When tested against a panel of 27 normal human tissues, AN43 and BB369 reacted only with urothelium and stomach. AN43 and BB369 showed identical binding patterns and competed for binding on bladder cancer cells, suggesting that the two antibodies react with identical or spatially close epitopes. Bound BB369 antibody was rapidly shed from the surface of viable UM-UC-9 human bladder cancer cells. The antigen was found in spent tissue culture medium from the UM-UC-9 human bladder cancer cell line. AN43 and BB369 define a shed bladder tumor-associated antigen with limited distribution on normal tissues. The antigen is different from bladder tumor-associated antigens defined by other monoclonal antibodies and may be useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with bladder cancer.
The method of fundamental solutions for axisymmetric potential problems (1999)

In this paper, we investigate the application of the Method of Fundamental Solutions (MFS) to two classes of axisymmetric potential problems. In the first, the boundary conditions as well as the domain of the problem, are axisymmetric, and in the second, the boundary conditions are arbitrary. In both cases, the fundamental solutions of the governing equations and their normal derivatives, which are required in the formulation of the MFS, can be expressed in terms of complete elliptic integrals. The method is tested on several axisymmetric problems from the literature and is also applied to an axisymmetric free boundary problem. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IGF-I Inhibits Spontaneous Apoptosis in Human Granulocytes (2002)

Granulocytes are key cells in inflammatory processes that are recruited to sites of inflammation by chemoattractants such as IL-8 produced by neutrophils and monocytes. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) of granulocytes and subsequent recognition and phagocytosis by macrophages is a crucial mechanism for resolution of inflammation. Because IGF-I is a potent antiapoptotic factor, we addressed the effects of IGF-I on in vitro apoptosis of human peripheral blood granulocytes. We detected 1390 +/- 467 IGF-I receptors with a dissociation constant of 2.3 +/- 0.9 nM on purified granulocytes. Using microscopical analysis, annexin V binding assays to detect relocation of phosphatidylserine to the cell surface, and DNA fragmentation assays, we showed that IGF-I inhibits spontaneous apoptosis of granulocytes in serum-free culture by 32-45%. IGF-I did not modulate the secretion of IL-6, TNF alpha, and IL-8 by granulocytes, but IL-8 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was enhanced by 40%. These observations indicate that IGF-I may promote granulocyte functions by increasing granulocyte longevity.
The EGSnrc Code System: Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport (2016)

NRC publication: Yes
Inhibition of Ruminal Degradation of L-Tryptophan to 3-Methylindole, in Vitro (1980)

Available evidence supports the view that acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema (ABPE) is related to ruminal production of 3-methylindole (3MI) from L-tryptophan (TRP). Ruminal production of 3MI is a two-step process involving the conversion of TRP to indoleacetic acid (IAA) followed by decarboxylation of IAA and 3MI. Reduction in ruminal 2MI production by the inhibition of either of these processes may prevent the onset of ABPE. A closed-system, in vitro ruminal fermentation technique was used to screen 27 compounds for their ability to reduce the conversion of TRP to 3MI. Several compounds tended to reduce 3MI production at both 25 and 5 micrograms/ml. Desoxysalinomycin, X-206, chloral hydrate, nigericin, lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin all reduced 3MI production by more than 80% at 5 micrograms/ml without reducing total VFA production. All of these compounds, except chloral hydrate, are polyether antibiotics. At least part of the inhibition due to monensin and narasin occurs at the level of TRP conversion to IAA.
Microstrip antenna with radiation pattern selectivity and polarized diversity based on modified metamaterial structure (2012)

In this paper microstrip antenna with linear polarization (LP) for monopolar radiation pattern mode and circular polarization (CP) for patch-like radiation pattern mode is presented. The introduction of modified metamaterial structure enables antenna with this function. Equivalent evolutionary approximation of the proposed antenna from CRLH TL theory is used to analyze the operating principle. Both simulated and measured results of a proposed one confirm the predictions of the theory. Comparing to the former dual-mode and dual-polarized antennas, this one owns compact structure and good radiation properties besides radiation pattern selectivity and polarized diversity.
A quadrature output voltage controlled ring oscillator based on three-stage sub-feedback loops (2003)

This paper presents a general ring oscillator circuit topology for high speed operation, multiphase output and wide range tuning. The topology uses sub-feedback inverters to construct a fast loop for long chain ring oscillator to achieve high speed. The operating frequency of the ring oscillator is directly proportional to the transconductance (G/sub m/) of sub-feedback inverters which can be controlled with an external voltage. Both single-ended and differential controlled voltage and inverter stages can be used. A quadrature output ring oscillator based on three-stage sub-feedback loops is designed and fabricated in a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process for a 1.25 GHz clock recovery application. The circuit operates from 400 MHz up to 2 GHz, and consumes 3 mW at 1.25 GHz with 3.3 V power supply.
Microfluidic generation of monodisperse ultra-low interfacial tension oil droplets in water (2014)

A microfluidic platform was used to generate a monodisperse oil-in-water emulsion, whose final interfacial tension was actively lowered to ultra-low values.
Formulierung der Stabilitätskriterien für die Behandlung des Problems am Analogrechner (1968)

Entsprechend den in Abschnitt 8 beschriebenen Eigenschaften der periodischen Lösungen auf den Stabilitätsgrenzen kann jetzt festgestellt werden: Eine Stabilitätsgrenze der Schwingungen in der Getriebeebene ist gerade dann erreicht, wenn die Schwingungsdauer der Funktion ψ K $${{T}_{{\psi K}}} = q{{T}_{0}}(q = 1,2)$$ ist. Das Auftreten von Instabilitätsbereichen bei Differentialgleichungen mit periodischen Koeffizienten (Hillsche Differentialgleichungen) ist ein als ‚parametrische Instabilität‘ bekanntes Phänomen. Es ist eine Resonanz zwischen einer gewissen freien Schwingung und dem periodischen Störglied [35].
An antenna switch MMIC for GSM/UMTS handsets using E/D-mode JPHEMT technology (2005)

An antenna switch MMIC for quad band GSM/UMTS handsets using enhancement mode and depletion mode junction gate pHEMT (E/D-mode JPHEMT) technology has been developed. An SP7T configuration was adopted to minimize the insertion loss. The high gate turn-on voltage (Vf) in the JPHEMT enables a logic circuit to be integrated with an antenna switch without degradation in the RF performance. A novel ESD protection device using E-mode JPHEMT (P-EFET) has been deployed. The maximum survival voltage under a human body model (HBM) test is as high as 2000 V. A low insertion loss of 0.39 dB at 1.95 GHz and a high isolation value of 27.5 dB at 2.14 GHz in the UMTS TRx path are achieved. The 2/sup nd/ and the 3/sup rd/ harmonics in GSM 850/900 Tx mode are at sufficiently low levels of -57.5 dBm and -35.5 dBm, respectively.
Persistent modification of forebrain networks and metabolism in rats following adolescent exposure to a 5-HT7 receptor agonist (2014)

Persistent MR-detectable modifications indicate a rearrangement within forebrain networks, accounting for long-lasting behavioural changes as a function of developmental 5-HT7-R stimulation.
Small molecule c-Met kinase inhibitors: a review of recent patents (2010)

This area is developing rapidly and the results of the various ongoing clinical trials will generate an increased understanding of the potential benefits and pitfalls of c-Met inhibitors as therapeutic agents.
Evaluation of liposome-encapsulated oxymorphone hydrochloride in mice after splenectomy. (2004)

The use of mice in biomedical research is increasing, largely due to the production and use of genetically engineered animals. Providing postoperative pain control in mice presents many challenges, and long-acting analgesic preparations would be advantageous for this species. A single subcutaneous injection of a liposome-encapsulated (LE) preparation of oxymorphone was compared with multiple injections of buprenorphine or saline in outbred mice undergoing splenectomy. Control groups were given isoflurane alone or isoflurane and an injection of LE oxymorphone but did not undergo surgery. The following parameters were evaluated for 5 days after surgery and were compared with presurgical baseline data for each group: food and water consumption, body weight, ethographic score, and voluntary exercise on a running wheel. Ethographic scores indicated less postsurgical pain in both groups of mice that received either analgesic preparation compared with mice that received only saline. However, mice given LE oxymorphone had superior postoperative recovery, as measured by wheel-running distance and body weight gain, compared with mice given buprenorphine or saline. Mice undergoing splenectomy had significant decreases in body weight, food and water consumption, voluntary exercise, and other normal behaviors. Administration of liposomal oxymorphone at the time of surgery improved postsurgical recovery as measured by these parameters compared with multiple injections of buprenorphine or saline alone. Administration of LE oxymorphone at the time of surgery improved postsurgical recovery, as measured by these parameters.
Prenatal diagnosis of genetic skin disease using fetal skin biopsy samples (1993)

<h3>Background:</h3> Understanding normal skin development and identifying markers of genetic skin disease expressed in postnatal skin have permitted the prenatal diagnosis of many severe genodermatoses: bullous diseases, keratinization diseases, pigment cell disorders, and disorders of the epidermal appendages (ectodermal dysplasias). Samples of 16 to 22 weeks' gestation fetal skin obtained by ultrasound-guided biopsy are evaluated using morphologic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. <h3>Observations:</h3> The 12-year experience in evaluating samples from fetuses at risk of these disorders has allowed us to establish conditions that must be met before the samples are taken and the criteria for recognizing the disorder, to recommend the site(s) for sampling, and to be mindful of pitfalls that may be encountered in interpreting the tissue structure. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Fetal skin biopsy is an important diagnostic tool that has permitted families in which members carry the abnormal gene for one of these severe skin diseases to undertake a pregnancy knowing that the condition of the fetus can be determined. Nonetheless, the ultimate goal is phase out this procedure when linkage of more of these disorders to specific genes is understood, specific mutations are characterized, and probes are available for molecular diagnoses using tissue obtained at earlier fetal ages. Until this is possible, fetal skin biopsy remains an important tool that can be used with reasonably high levels of safety and confidence. (<i>Arch Dermatol.</i>1993;129:1437-1454)
An efficient transcoding from MPEG-2 to MPEG-1 (2002)

This paper proposes a fast and efficient transcoding algorithm from MPEG-2 video to MPEG-1 video where spatial resolution reduction is involved. We use quantization parameters along with motion information of the incoming MPEG-2 video bitstream to estimate the motion vectors for MPEG-1 transcoding without any additional motion estimation process. Since such information can be directly extracted from the original MPEG-2 video bitstream, very fast transcoding can be achieved. In addition, since the proposed method is not restricted to a specific coding structure, it can be applied to various types of GOP structures. The experimental results show that the proposed method can provide approximate motion vectors to that of full range motion estimation. therefore transcoding efficiency can be increased and picture quality is enhanced when compared with the conventional fast transcoding methods.
Parametric identification of transfer functions in the frequency domain: a survey (2002)

This paper gives a survey of frequency domain identification methods for rational transfer functions in the Laplace (s) or z-domain. The interrelations between the different approaches are highlighted through a study of the (equivalent) cost functions. The properties of the various estimators are discussed and are illustrated by several examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Handling of irregular-sized mailpieces by adaptive robotics (1989)

Singulation is the term used by the US Postal Service to denote the removal of a single mailpiece from a stream, stack, or heap of mailpieces. To expedite the singulation of irregular items, a system for singulating overlapping mailpieces from a moving conveyor at 36 pieces/min with more than 95% efficiency has been developed. The system uses range imaging to guide an AdeptOne robot in removing the parcels from the moving conveyor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>