gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel synthesis and detection method for cap-associated adenosine modifications in mouse mRNA (2011)

A method is described for the detection of certain nucleotide modifications adjacent to the 5' 7-methyl guanosine cap of mRNAs from individual genes. The method quantitatively measures the relative abundance of 2'-O-methyl and N(6),2'-O-dimethyladenosine, two of the most common modifications. In order to identify and quantitatify the amounts of N(6),2'-O-dimethyladenosine, a novel method for the synthesis of modified adenosine phosphoramidites was developed. This method is a one step synthesis and the product can directly be used for the production of N(6),2'-O-dimethyladenosine containing RNA oligonucleotides. The nature of the cap-adjacent nucleotides were shown to be characteristic for mRNAs from individual genes transcribed in liver and testis.
Ambulatory health care visits by children: principal diagnosis and place of visit. (1998)

In 1993-95 children under 15 years of age made 165.3 million visits per year (289 visits per 100 children). Visit rates were highest among infants and varied inversely with age. Visit rates were 43 percent higher among white children than black children. Three-quarters of ambulatory visits occurred in physician offices, 8 percent in hospital outpatient departments, and 14 percent in hospital emergency departments. Visits by white children were more likely to occur in physician offices than visits by black children (81 percent and 54 percent). Conversely, visits by black children were more likely to occur in hospital outpatient departments (19 percent and 7 percent) and hospital emergency departments (28 percent and 12 percent) than visits by white children. The following principal diagnoses accounted for almost 40 percent of visits: well-child visit, 15 percent; middle ear infection, 12 percent; and injury, 10 percent. Rates for well-child visits were almost 80 percent higher among white infants than black infants. Continued monitoring of these differences in use of ambulatory care among children are needed, particularly in view of the possible impact of changes in the health care system on these differences.
Nanomaterials for Craniofacial and Dental Tissue Engineering (2017)

Tissue engineering shows great potential as a future treatment for the craniofacial and dental defects caused by trauma, tumor, and other diseases. Due to the biomimetic features and excellent physiochemical properties, nanomaterials are of vital importance in promoting cell growth and stimulating tissue regeneration in tissue engineering. For craniofacial and dental tissue engineering, the frequently used nanomaterials include nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanosheets. Nanofibers are attractive for cell invasion and proliferation because of their resemblance to extracellular matrix and the presence of large pores, and they have been used as scaffolds in bone, cartilage, and tooth regeneration. Nanotubes and nanoparticles improve the mechanical and chemical properties of scaffold, increase cell attachment and migration, and facilitate tissue regeneration. In addition, nanofibers and nanoparticles are also used as a delivery system to carry the bioactive agent in bone and tooth regeneration, have better control of the release speed of agent upon degradation of the matrix, and promote tissue regeneration. Although applications of nanomaterials in tissue engineering remain in their infancy with numerous challenges to face, the current results indicate that nanomaterials have massive potential in craniofacial and dental tissue engineering.
An experimental study on transport issues and electrostatics of ultrathin body SOI pMOSFETs (2002)

We present an experimental study of the transport properties (low field hole mobility μ/sub h/) and electrostatics (threshold voltage V/sub th/, and gate-to-channel capacitance C/sub gc/) of ultrathin body (UTB) SOI pMOSFETs using a large RingFet structure. Body thicknesses were /spl sim/4.3 nm to 50 nm. We find that 1) hole mobility decreases significantly as T/sub Si/<10 nm, and tends to show negligible dependence on the transverse electric field for extremely thin T/sub Si/ (<6 nm) and 2) a V/sub th/ shift of /spl sim/150 mV occurs over the studied T/sub Si/ range, accompanied by enhancement of weak inversion capacitance in thin body devices. Simulations were performed to provide insight into the experimental observations."
High optical power handling of pop-up microelectromechanical mirrors (2002)

Summary form only given. Several applications of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) require handling of large optical powers. One specific example includes steering or switching of an optical beam onto a photovoltaic device. In this way MEMS can be remotely powered with an incident high power optical beam. Photovoltaic cells integrated with MEMS can then convert the optical energy into electrical energy necessary to power the MEMS. In this paper we describe the optical damage mechanisms, as well as means of extending the optical damage threshold in order to handle 1 W of continuous wave incident power in the near infrared regime.
Oxygen transport in rest-work transition illustrates new functions for myoglobin (1985)

Myoglobin (Mb) saturation was measured spectroscopically in 1,950 randomly selected cells from dog gracilis muscles frozen in situ during the transition from rest to steady twitch contraction at approximately 70% maximum rate of O2 consumption (VO2max). Measurements were made at the center of muscle-cell profiles in cross section, with spatial resolution approximately 5 X 5 X 3 micron. PO2 was calculated from saturation by use of the oxymyoglobin dissociation curve. Flow increased more rapidly than VO2 (half-times 5 and 14 s, respectively). Mb saturation changed little through 15 s. Saturation was lowest at 30 s and rose somewhat between 30 s and steady state. The lowest intracellular PO2 at any time or location was 1.5 Torr, and only 5% of loci were below 2 Torr. Since 1.5 Torr is about 10 times the minimum PO2 required for the observed VO2 (Connett et al. An upper bound on the minimum PO2 for O2 consumption in red muscle in vivo. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. In press.), neither anoxia nor hypoxia was present. The observed fall in saturation and intracellular PO2 during exercise permits Mb to 1) promote transcapillary O2 flux, 2) facilitate intracellular O2 diffusion, 3) minimize convective and diffusive shunting, and 4) buffer intracellular PO2 above the tension that limits cytochrome turnover.
The effect of lanthanide substitution on the superconductivity in Ba2YCu3O7 and (La,Sr)2CuO4 (invited) (1988)

The effect of the lanthanide substitution on the superconductivity in Ba2YCu3O7 and (La,Sr)2CuO4 is investigated. The substitution effect is completely different between the two Cu-oxide systems. In Ba2YCu3O7, the replacement of Y with lanthanides gives negligible change in the transition temperature, whereas a few percent of lanthanide substitution depresses Tc by about 10 K in the (La,Sr)2CuO4 system. The depression of Tc in the latter system depends on the atomic number of lanthanides. From the results of the magnetic susceptibility and the relationship between the lattice parameters and Tc, we conclude that the depression of Tc cannot be ascribed to the magnetic effect nor to the volume effect. Possible mechanisms for the depression of Tc are discussed.
Portable Microfluidic Integrated Plasmonic Platform for Pathogen Detection (2015)

Timely detection of infectious agents is critical in early diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Conventional pathogen detection methods, such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), culturing or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) require long assay times, and complex and expensive instruments, which are not adaptable to point-of-care (POC) needs at resource-constrained as well as primary care settings. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop simple, rapid, and accurate methods for detection of pathogens at the POC. Here, we present a portable, multiplex, inexpensive microfluidic-integrated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) platform that detects and quantifies bacteria, i.e., Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) rapidly. The platform presented reliable capture and detection of E. coli at concentrations ranging from ~10(5) to 3.2 × 10(7) CFUs/mL in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid. The multiplexing and specificity capability of the platform was also tested with S. aureus samples. The presented platform technology could potentially be applicable to capture and detect other pathogens at the POC and primary care settings.
Structuring medical information for computer-assisted decision support (2002)

Due to the time required for design and implementation, it is difficult for medical decision support systems to keep pace with the rapid developments in computer technology and rapid information growth. In this article, diverse data types which are found in medical records are analyzed in light of the impact of these advances, along with the effect that these changes have on computer-assisted decision making. A hybrid system, under development by our group over the last 15 years, is used to illustrate an approach which allows the incorporation of new types of information and new decision strategies with minimum changes to the design of the original system. A specific example for applications in cardiology is given.
Value for money (2010)

A toolkit aimed at helping public and health sector commissioners obtain better value for money from third sector organisations has been made available online by the National Audit Office.
Simultaneous curing and filling of elastomers (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous curing and filling of elastomersJames E. Mark, C. Y. Jiang, and M. Y. TangCite this: Macromolecules 1984, 17, 12, 2613–2616Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00142a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00142a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views504Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lightweight End-to-End Speech Recognition from Raw Audio Data Using Sinc-Convolutions (2020)

Many end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems still rely on pre-processed frequency-domain features that are handcrafted to emulate the human hearing. Our work is motivated by recent advances in integrated learnable feature extraction. For this, we propose Lightweight Sinc-Convolutions (LSC) that integrate Sinc-convolutions with depthwise convolutions as a low-parameter machine-learnable feature extraction for end-to-end ASR systems. We integrated LSC into the hybrid CTC/attention architecture for evaluation. The resulting end-to-end model shows smooth convergence behaviour that is further improved by applying SpecAugment in time-domain. We also discuss filter-level improvements, such as using log-compression as activation function. Our model achieves a word error rate of 10.7% on the TEDlium v2 test dataset, surpassing the corresponding architecture with log-mel filterbank features by an absolute 1.9%, but only has 21% of its model size.
On the geometry of feedforward neural network weight spaces (1991)

As is well known, many feedforward neural network architectures have the property that their overall input-output function is unchanged by certain weight permutations and sign flips. The existence of these properties implies that if a global optimum of the network performance surface exists at some finite weight vector position, then many copies of a global minimum can be generated by geometric weight transformations which leave the input/output function of the network unchanged. The geometric structure of these equierror weight space transformations is explored for the case of multilayer perceptron architectures with tanh squashing functions. It is shown that these transformations form a subgroup of the reflection group. The authors also show that there exists a cone in weight space which forms a minimal sufficient search set for learning. The size of this cone is established. They also show that the average distance between global minimum copies on a finite sphere known to contain a global minimum goes to zero as the number of weights in the neural network increases without bound. >
Porosity/depth trends in reservoir sandstones: assessing the quantitative effects of varying pore-pressure, temperature history and mineralogy, Norwegian Shelf data (1994)

Abstract Empirical porosity/depth trends from the Norwegian Continental Shelf are discussed in the light of models on compactional processes during burial. Linear best-fit lines are useful as a first approximation, illustrating the general decline in porosity with depth. Porosity increases non-linearly with pore-pressure, and notably higher than normal porosity is found in very high overpressure reservoirs. Hydrostatic pressure sandstones from the Haltenbanken area are on average more porous than equivalents from the northern Viking Graben. This may be related to the burial history, as generally more subsidence occurred in Late Pliocene and Pleistocene in the Haltenbanken basins. The porosity/depth data show considerable scatter, and this is to a large degree related to the initial mineralogical composition. Correlated with mineralogical analyses, the reservoir sandstones show a trend towards lower porosity with increasing clay content at shallow burial, probably due to more extensive mechanical compaction. At depths >3.0–3.5 km, the porosity loss is highest in sandstones with low clay contents. This may be explained by a lower rate of quartz cementation in sandstones with abundant intergranular clays or clay coatings around quartz grains. These data show that pre-burial mineralogy is a very important factor in porosity prediction of sandstones, in many cases more important than the degree of overpressure.
Serum changes and histologic liver lesions due to experimental ingestion of ragwort (Senecio erraticus) in sheep. (1983)

Eight 1-year-old Romney-Marsh female sheep were used to test the effect of Senecio erraticus (ragwort). Animals were fed for 60 days on a standard diet incorporating 20% dried ground ragwort. Morphology of the livers was studied by serial biopsy and function by changes in plasma bilirubin concentration, the half-life of bromosulphthalein (BSP), and by the activity of glutamate dehydrogenasa (GD) in plasma during and after Senecio ingestion. All sheep had an increase in bilirubin concentration and GD activity in their plasma and in BSP half-life. These values returned to normal 30 days after ragwort ingestion ceased. Histological studies showed Kupffer cell hypertrophy, fatty degeneration and megalocytosis. These lesions almost disappeared 60 days after stopping Senecio ingestion.
Intracellular cytokine profile of T lymphocytes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2006)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an excessive inflammatory response to inhaled particles, mainly tobacco smoking. T lymphocytes are important regulatory cells that secrete several cytokines and participate actively in this inflammatory response. According to the pattern of cytokines secreted, the immune response is classified as cytotoxic or type 1 [interferon (IFN)-gamma-, interleukin (IL)-2-dependent] and humoral or type 2 (IL-4-, IL-5-, IL-10- and IL-13-dependent). This paper sought to compare the intracellular profile of cytokine expression determined by flow cytometry in T lymphocytes harvested from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood in patients with COPD, smokers with normal lung function and never smokers. We found that BAL T lymphocytes from COPD patients had a higher percentage of positive stained cells for most of the cytokines analysed when compared to never smokers or smokers with normal lung function. Differences reached statistical significance for IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13, particularly in CD8(+) T cells. Furthermore, the expression of most of these cytokines was related inversely to the degree of airflow obstruction present suggesting local activation and/or selective homing of T lymphocytes to the lungs in COPD patients. These observations were not reproduced in circulating T lymphocytes. These results suggest that BAL T lymphocytes in patients with COPD produce more cytokines than in controls and tend to show a type 2 pattern of intracellular cytokine expression, particularly a Tc-2 profile. This is related inversely to the degree of airflow obstruction present.
A large-capacity GTO inverter with low-loss snubber circuits (1993)

A large-capacity inverter using high-power gate turn-off (GTO) thyristors that can be used instead of a cycloconverter in AC drives is presented. With the techniques of multiple configuration and GTO series connection, the inverter capacity is increased effectively. High conversion efficiency is obtained by using low-loss snubber circuits for GTOs. It is confirmed that the low-loss snubber circuits using energy recovery units (ERUs) have good performance in pulse-width modulated (PWM) operation. High-energy recovery efficiency is obtained, especially in leading operation (turn-on operation when freewheeling diodes conduct). These snubber circuits have superior ability for clamping overvoltage at GTO turn-off. A 2750 kVA inverter with low-loss snubber circuits using high-power GTOs has been fabricated and evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Projection codes-a new class of FEC, burst correction and ARQ codes for mobile radio (2003)

The codes presented, which are majority-logic decodable, are created by simple geometric constructions. An iterative decoding scheme is given. The decoder differs significantly from bounded distance decoders commonly used for decoding block codes in that many error patterns having weight greater than the code minimum distance are correctable. This feature contributes to the codes' high efficiency in an automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) system. The decoding algorithm is also capable of burst error correction, and of detecting decoding faults, so that many patterns not correctable may be so indicated to the data sink. Although the code structure is essentially geometric, codes also have an algebraic structure that permits them to be used with classical algebraic codes, especially cyclic codes. The codes discussed can use encoder and decoder functions based entirely on shift registers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Resource Allocation Algorithm for a Heterogeneous Data Center (2013)

Nowadays Internet-scale data centers are serving diverse applications, such as cloud computing, online trade, mass storage services, large-scale distributed applications, and et al. However, one issue concerned about data centers is huge energy consumption, which not only increases operational cost, but also causes environment problems. One way to reduce energy con-sumption is decreasing the scale of data centers, and another way is using well-designed resource allocation algorithm to achieve the tradeoff between energy consumption and performance. This paper belongs to the latter. In this paper, we first discuss the resource allocation problem in a heterogeneous data center, and then we propose a novel resource allocation algorithm based on fair scheduling policy and energy-aware policy to this problem, and present further discussions and conclusion at the end.
Rapid Atrial Fibrillation Associated With Trazodone Hydrochloride (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Trazodone hydrochloride is a triazolopyridine derivative that was released in 1981 as a nontricyclic antidepressant with antiserotonin activity.<sup>1</sup>Recent reports have suggested that trazodone may have more cardiotoxicity than was first believed.<sup>2,3</sup>Herein, we describe a patient who manifested atrial fibrillation after trazodone therapy was instituted. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> 78-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for the repair of a uterine prolapse. Five years Previously, she had had a subendocardial myocardial infarction and subsequently manifested a pattern of chronic stable angina pectoris. Her antianginal medications were isorbide dinitrate and propranolol hydrochloride. On admission, the ECG showed a sinus rhythm with a PR interval of 0.21 s and left ventricular hypertrophy. Because of frequent crying episodes, confusion, and a sleep disorder, the patient was seen by a psychiatrist preoperatively and was placed on a regimen of 200 mg/day of trazodone hydrochloride in two
Development and Characterization of Fuel Cell Sensor for Potential Transdermal Ethanol Sensing (2016)

Existing fuel cell alcohol sensors suffer from humidity interference and signal instability which renders them useless for transdermal ethanol detection in a non-ideal environment. To address these insufficiencies in fuel cell sensors, various electrode designs, along with the catalysts that would best improve response, were explored in this work. The designs include both two and three electrode setups with Nafion as the proton exchanging membrane. The three-electrode setup provided a more stable signal compared to the two-electrode setup. Considering the development of a potential transdermal ethanol sensor, the ethanol exposed area of the working electrode was optimized to be 1cm 2 . Catalysts such as Cu, stainless steel, and Ni were studied in these experiments and it was determined that Ni demonstrated the best catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation and oxygen reduction; providing 300 times greater current response than Fe and 3 times greater than Cu. The lower detection limit of the sensor is 1 part per million (ppm) and the sensitivity of the fuel cell sensor using the Ni catalyst was found to be 0.02 nAppm -1 in this study.
RedEye (2016)

Continuous mobile vision is limited by the inability to efficiently capture image frames and process vision features. This is largely due to the energy burden of analog readout circuitry, data traffic, and intensive computation. To promote efficiency, we shift early vision processing into the analog domain. This results in RedEye, an analog convolutional image sensor that performs layers of a convolutional neural network in the analog domain before quantization. We design RedEye to mitigate analog design complexity, using a modular column-parallel design to promote physical design reuse and algorithmic cyclic reuse. RedEye uses programmable mechanisms to admit noise for tunable energy reduction. Compared to conventional systems, RedEye reports an 85% reduction in sensor energy, 73% reduction in cloudlet-based system energy, and a 45% reduction in computation-based system energy.