gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of solar cells by thermal transient testing (2011)

The current paper deals with the application of thermal transient testing as a characterization tool for solar modules. Based on the measurement of a representative sample — a concentrator module — we prove the applicability of this measurement technique. Metrics such as junction-to-base plate thermal resistance are derived and can serve as a basis of a multi domain solar module model. The used technique also enables us to verify the quality of attachment layers in a solar module allowing fair quality control and reliability analysis of these devices.
Inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system in severe COPD (2008)

In a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal, ALBERT and CALVERLEY [1] analysed the treatment approaches in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, they did not mention the effect of the inhibition of the reninangiotensin system (RAS) in this setting.
LabelMe: Online Image Annotation and Applications (2010)

Central to the development of computer vision systems is the collection and use of annotated images spanning our visual world. Annotations may include information about the identity, spatial extent, and viewpoint of the objects present in a depicted scene. Such a database is useful for the training and evaluation of computer vision systems. Motivated by the availability of images on the Internet, we introduced a web-based annotation tool that allows online users to label objects and their spatial extent in images. To date, we have collected over 400 000 annotations that span a variety of different scene and object classes. In this paper, we show the contents of the database, its growth over time, and statistics of its usage. In addition, we explore and survey applications of the database in the areas of computer vision and computer graphics. Particularly, we show how to extract the real-world 3-D coordinates of images in a variety of scenes using only the user-provided object annotations. The output 3-D information is comparable to the quality produced by a laser range scanner. We also characterize the space of the images in the database by analyzing 1) statistics of the co-occurrence of large objects in the images and 2) the spatial layout of the labeled images.
Effects of spatially targeted transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation using an electrode array that measures skin resistance on pain and mobility in patients with osteoarthritis in the knee: A randomized controlled trial (2011)

A novel device was developed that measured local electrical skin resistance and generated pulsed local electrical currents that were delivered across the skin around the knee for patients with osteoarthritis (termed eBrace TENS). Currents were delivered using an electrode array of 16 small circular electrode elements so that stimulation could be spatially targeted. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spatially targeted transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to points of low skin resistance on pain relief and mobility in osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK). A randomised, controlled, 3-arm, parallel-group trial was designed that compared pain and function following a 30 to 45 minute intervention of TENS at specific locations depending on the local electrical skin resistance. Pain intensity by the visual analogue scale (VAS), 6-minute walk test, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and range-of-motion (ROM) were the primary outcomes. Lowest-resistance TENS reduced pain intensity during walking relative to resting baseline compared with random TENS (95% confidence interval of the difference: -20.8mm, -1.26 mm). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in distance during the walk test, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) or range-of-motion (ROM) measures or WOMAC scores. In conclusion, we provide evidence that use of a matrix electrode that spatially targets strong nonpainful TENS for 30 to 45 minutes at sites of low resistance can reduce pain intensity at rest and during walking.
Hyperplane margin classifiers on the multinomial manifold (2004)

The assumptions behind linear classifiers for categorical data are examined and reformulated in the context of the multinomial manifold, the simplex of multinomial models furnished with the Riemannian structure induced by the Fisher information. This leads to a new view of hyperplane classifiers which, together with a generalized margin concept, shows how to adapt existing margin-based hyperplane models to multinomial geometry. Experiments show the new classification framework to be effective for text classification, where the categorical structure of the data is modeled naturally within the multinomial family.
Fundamental Studies of Aging in Quartz Resonators (1965)

Absfracf-A study of the effects of impurities in quartz, along with an examination of the role of sorption phenomena and thermally-induced strains, is directed toward the goal of a nonaging quartz crystal, Le., the production of a crystal unit whose frequency change with time is less than its short time stability of a few parts in 10. A fundamental approach has been adopted, consisting of the separation and measurement, as far as possible, of each factor contributing to frequency change. The methods of the kinetic theory of rate processes have been applied to assist in the evaluation and identification of the various processes responsible for frequency aging. Studies of frequency change related to the adsorption and desorption of mass have been carried out in an environmental test chamber using methods capable of resolving mass changes of 10 pg/cm2. Frequency changes associated with thermally-induced strain have been reduced by the use of special parallel-field electrodes. Evidence of the role of impurities, particularly alkali ions, in the change of the frequency determining parameters of the quartz material is presented, and the role of ionizing radiation and of water vapor is discussed. The significance of the results obtained so far are discussed, and the indicated approach to an optimum crystal unit design is presented.
Hybrid Halftoning, A Useful Method for Flexography (2005)

Most printing devices, such as laser and ink jet printers and many print presses, are restricted to very few colors. The contone images should therefore be transformed into binary ones before being printed. The techniques doing this transformation are referred to as halftoning methods. Halftoning methods can be divided into two main categories, namely AM (Amplitude Modulated) and FM (Frequency Modulated). Some printing methods, such as Flexography, are not able to produce dots sufficiently small in order to handle the highlights and the shadows of the original image by using just an AM halftoning method. In this article we propose a hybrid halftoning method that incorporates AM and FM technologies in order to overcome this problem. The strategy is to use an FM method in the highlights (and the shadows) of the image and an AM method in the rest of the image.
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF USING 3-D VIRTUAL WORLD ENVIRONMENTS IN E-COMMERCE STRATEGY (2009)

E-commerce has been a rapidly expanding component of many organizations' corporate strategies. As part of this expansion, companies are exploring alternative and more non-traditional approaches for growing sales and expanding brand awareness. Commensurate with the growth in ecommerce is the rapid growth of the computer gaming industry. This contribution of this paper is the synthesis of the union of a specific type of computer game environment-the metaverse and how it is being employed by organizations as part of their e-commerce strategies. The authors look critically at both the potential advantages and drawbacks of this union as well as articulate the role of corporate IT in managing this ambitious union.
Social Network Analysis (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Social Network Analysis Group Detection Terrorist Modus Operandi Detection System Computational Experiments Conclusion References
High-quality AlN epitaxy on nano-patterned sapphire substrates prepared by nano-imprint lithography (2016)

We report epitaxial growth of AlN films with atomically flat surface on nano-patterned sapphire substrates (NPSS) prepared by nano-imprint lithography. The crystalline quality can be greatly improved by using the optimized 1-μm-period NPSS. The X-ray diffraction ω-scan full width at half maximum values for (0002) and (102) reflections are 171 and 205 arcsec, respectively. The optimized NPSS contribute to eliminating almost entirely the threading dislocations (TDs) originating from the AlN/sapphire interface via bending the dislocations by image force from the void sidewalls before coalescence. In addition, reducing the misorientations of the adjacent regions during coalescence adopting the low lateral growth rate is also essential for decreasing TDs in the upper AlN epilayer.
Simultaneous wavelength conversion and optical phase conjugation of 200 Gb/s (5 × 40 Gb/s) WDM signal using a highly nonlinear fiber four-wave mixer (1997)

A simultaneous wavelength conversion of 200 Gb/s (5×40 Gb/s) WDM signal over the entire gain band of an Er-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is demonstrated by a four-wave mixing in a dispersion arranged 750-m highly nonlinear dispersion-shifted fiber with a nonlinear coefficient of 20.4 W-1 km-1. Simultaneous optical phase conjugation is also demonstrated with successful dispersion compensation in a 200 Gb/s (5×40 Gb/s) WDM transmission through a 105 km conventional single-mode fiber.
Application of probabilistic safety assessment in the regulatory process in Germany / Anwendungen probabilistischer Sicherheitsanalysen im deutschen Genehmigungs- und Aufsichtsverfahren (1995)

Article Application of probabilistic safety assessment in the regulatory process in Germany / Anwendungen probabilistischer Sicherheitsanalysen im deutschen Genehmigungs- und Aufsichtsverfahren was published on February 1, 1995 in the journal Kerntechnik (volume 60, issue 2-3).
Single odor-sensitive channels in olfactory receptor neurons are also gated by cyclic nucleotides (1991)

Olfactory transduction is thought to occur by processes that are mainly restricted to the specialized cilia emanating from the distal end of the receptor neuron's single dendrite. The involvement of a cAMP-based second messenger system seems likely, and a cyclic nucleotide-sensitive current has been recorded in patches of membrane from the cilia. However, the small diameter of the cilia and the high density of channels within the membrane limit the application of the patch recording technique in the cilia. We have found that the cAMP-sensitive channels also exist at a much lower density within the far more accessible dendritic membrane. Recording from on-cell patches, we have observed single-channel activity in response to extracellularly applied odor substances. The channels have a single-channel conductance of 40 pS and a reversal potential near 0 mV. These same channels are activated by treatments that elevate intracellular cyclic nucleotide concentrations. The results provide a direct demonstration that the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel is the conductance pathway for the odor-elicited current.
Neural injury following stroke: are Toll‐like receptors the link between the immune system and the CNS? (2010)

The CNS can exhibit features of inflammation in response to injury, infection or disease, whereby resident cells generate inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, prostaglandins, free radicals and complement, chemokines and adhesion molecules that recruit immune cells, and activate glia and microglia. Cerebral ischaemia triggers acute inflammation, which exacerbates primary brain damage. The regulation of inflammation after stroke is multifaceted and comprises vascular effects, distinct cellular responses, apoptosis and chemotaxis. There are many cell types that are affected including neurons, astrocytes, microglia and endothelial cells, all responding to the resultant neuroinflammation in different ways. Over the past 20 years, researchers examining brain tissue at various time intervals after stroke observed the presence of inflammatory cells, neutrophils and monocytes at the site of injury, as well as the activation of endogenous glia and microglia. This review examines the involvement of these cells in the progression of neural injury and proposes that the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are likely to be an integral component in the communication between the CNS and the periphery. This receptor system is the archetypal pathogen sensing receptor system and its presence and signalling in the brain following neural injury suggests a more diverse role. We propose that the TLR system presents excellent pharmacological targets for the design of a new generation of therapeutic agents to modulate the inflammation that accompanies neural injury.
Genomic analysis of early adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction: Tumor progression is associated with alteration of 1q and 8p sequences (2006)

Early (T1 stage) adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction is a potentially curable disease. We analyzed the genomic spectra of 33 early neoplastic lesions after subdividing the tumors into six depths of invasion (T1-mucosal, m1-m3; T1-submucosal, sm1-sm3). Two subgroups were defined, T1m1-sm1 (n = 18) and T1sm2-sm3 (n = 15). The latter group is associated with frequent lymphatic spread and a high percentage of local and/or distant recurrence. Comparative genomic hybridization with a genomewide 3,500-element BAC-PAC array revealed a characteristic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma pattern of changes, with losses on chromosome arms 4pq, 5q, 8p, 9p, 17p, and 18q and gains on 1q, 6p, 7pq, 11q, 15q, 17q, and 20pq. However, when the two groups were compared, the following BAC clones showed significantly more alterations in the T1sm2-sm3 group: RP11-534L20 (1q32.1) and RP11-175A4 (6p21.32), showing gains, and RP11-356F24, RP11-433L7, and RP11-241P12 (all at 8p), showing losses. Gain of RP11-534L20 (1q32.1) and loss of RP11-433L7 (8p22) were associated not only with a recurrence-free period (P = 0.0007 and 0.007, respectively), but also with regional lymphatic dissemination (P = 0.005 and 0.003, respectively). These DNA clones can be considered genomic markers for the aggressive behavior of early esophageal and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.
Extended environmental performance of attitude and heading reference grade fiber optic rotation sensors (1991)

The paper examines the current status of Litton's design approach to the attitude-and-heading reference system interferometric fiber-optic gyro (IFOG). Theoretical models used to predict the IFOG bias performance over a temperature range are described. Data are presented for the performance of IFOGs over an extended environment. The combined test data on IFOGs and IFOG-based inertial measurement units (IMUs) obtained to date, along with the environmental performance and survivability data obtained with IFOG components of the type anticipated for production, support the prediction that low-production-cost IFOG-based systems are capable of meeting the performance requirements of medium-accuracy systems for near-future military applications.
A Morphometrical Study of the Canada Goose, Branta canadensis interior Todd (1951)

THU classification of Canada Geese of the genus Branta continues in a state of flux. Responsible in large measure for the lack of agreement among systematists is the dearth of an adequate series of specimens, both and downy young, from the breeding grounds. The need for adult specimens from the breeding range is, however, appreciably lessened when sufficient banding is done to show the breeding range of the various wintering populations from which collections are more easily obtained. This is particularly true in eastern North America where the breeding grounds of the various flyway populations are now fairly well understood. It is not true for the populations that migrate across the plains states. Because there has been insufficient banding to show the breeding grounds of these latter populations, a study based on wintering specimens from this area might be misleading. For example, any attempt to unravel the relationship of the various races by the use of specimens from the Gulf Coast would be especially deceiving, for individuals in flocks in that area range in size from that of Branta canadensis hutchinsii to Branta c. interior or B. c. moffitti (Arthur S. Hawkins, personal communication, 1945). In this study of variation in Branta c. interior, the usual handicap of lack of knowledge concerning the origins of the population examined is minimized since the breeding grounds are known with considerable exactness. Findings presented are based on data from a total of 414 geese trapped for banding purposes at Horseshoe Lake, Alexander County, Illinois, in the autumn of 1943. Sex and age of each bird were determined by criteria discussed by Elder (1946) and Hanson (1949a). The segment of the trapped population studied is believed to be, within each sex and age class, a random sample of the Horseshoe Lake flock, which in recent years has comprised about 50 per cent of the Mississippi flyway population. The breeding grounds of the Mississippi flyway population, which are discussed in detail by Hanson and Smith (1950), lie in the muskeg country of northern Ontario, inland from the west coast of James Bay and the south coast of Hudson Bay, between the Albany and Severn rivers. Geese termed juveniles in this report are birds from five to eight months of age; adults include all birds 17 or more months of age at time of study. As geese in their second year of life frequently ranked
Protein GRAB of Streptococcus pyogenes Regulates Proteolysis at the Bacterial Surface by Binding α2-Macroglobulin (1999)

In the molecular interplay between pathogenic microorganisms and their host, proteolytic mechanisms are believed to play a crucial role. Here we find that the important human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus) expresses a surface protein with high affinity (Ka = 2.0 x 10(8) M-1) for alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M), the dominating proteinase inhibitor of human plasma. The immunoglobulin-binding protein G of group C and G streptococci also contains an alpha2M-binding domain and a gene encoding protein GRAB (protein G-related alpha2M-binding protein) was identified in the S. pyogenes Genome Sequencing data base. The grab gene is present in most S. pyogenes strains and is well conserved. Protein GRAB has typical features of a surface-attached protein of Gram-positive bacteria. It also contains a region homologous to parts of the alpha2M-binding domain of protein G and a variable number of a unique 28-amino acid-long repeat. Using Escherichia coli-produced protein GRAB and synthetic GRAB peptides, the alpha2M-binding region was mapped to the NH2-terminal part of protein GRAB, which is the region with homology to protein G. An isogenic S. pyogenes mutant lacking surface-associated protein GRAB showed no alpha2M binding activity and was attenuated in virulence when injected intraperitoneally in mice. Finally, alpha2M bound to the bacterial surface via protein GRAB was found to entrap and inhibit the activity of both S. pyogenes and host proteinases, thereby protecting important virulence determinants from proteolytic degradation. This regulation of proteolytic activity at the bacterial surface should affect the host-microbe relation during S. pyogenes infections.
Database of Mechanical Properties of Textile Composites (1996)

This report describes the approach followed to develop a database for mechanical properties of textile composites. The data in this database is assembled from NASA Advanced Composites Technology (ACT) programs and from data in the public domain. This database meets the data documentation requirements of MIL-HDBK-17, Section 8.1.2, which describes in detail the type and amount of information needed to completely document composite material properties. The database focuses on mechanical properties of textile composite. Properties are available for a range of parameters such as direction, fiber architecture, materials, environmental condition, and failure mode. The composite materials in the database contain innovative textile architectures such as the braided, woven, and knitted materials evaluated under the NASA ACT programs. In summary, the database contains results for approximately 3500 coupon level tests, for ten different fiber/resin combinations, and seven different textile architectures. It also includes a limited amount of prepreg tape composites data from ACT programs where side-by-side comparisons were made.
The Structural Characterization of Oligonucleotide-Modified Gold Nanoparticle Networks Formed by DNA Hybridization (2004)

The structural properties of DNA-linked gold nanoparticle materials were examined using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. The materials are composed of 12 or 19 nm diameter gold particles modified with 3‘ or 5‘ alkylthiol-capped 12-base oligonucleotides and linked with complementary oligonucleotides. Structure factors were derived from scattering intensities, and nearest-neighbor distances were determined from the primary peak in the pair distance distribution functions. The separation between particles was found to increase linearly with DNA linker length for 24, 48, and 72 base pair linkers. For assemblies formed in 0.3 M NaCl, 10 mM phosphate buffer solution, the increment in the interparticle distance was found to be 2.5 Å per base pair. Particle separations in assemblies at lower electrolyte concentration were larger, indicating that dielectric screening modulates the interactions. The effect of DNA sequence was studied with poly-adenine or poly-thymine spacer sequences incorporated between the alkylthiol and recognition sequences. The assemblies with poly-adenine spacer sequences showed significantly shorter particle separations than the assemblies involving poly-thymine spacers, a consequence of their different affinities for the gold surface. While the scattering data do not display evidence of long-range order, pair distance distribution functions indicate the presence of short-range order.
Is there a role for statins in fungal infections? (2013)

It has been hypothesized that statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, may be used to treat fungal infections. Here we review data on antifungal properties of statins, effects on the host inflammatory response as well as available clinical evidence. We conclude that: statins exhibit antifungal properties in vitro although at supraphysiological concentrations; statins appear to have anti-inflammatory effects on host cells in vitro; statins have effects on fungal physiology beyond direct growth inhibition; clinical studies are scarce (n = 5), and their design is retrospective and observational, which is associated with a high risk of bias. Given the limited evidence for a beneficial effect of statins in fungal infection, randomized and controlled trials are highly warranted in this field.
501F Compressor Development Program (1992)

As part of the Westinghouse-MHI 501F development program, a new 16-stage axial flow compressor has been designed. Reported here are elements of the aerodynamic and mechanical design as well as general design features. Overall performance test results are also presented, which indicate that the compressor met or exceeded all expectations amenable to measurement during the full load shop test program.
DESIGN TRADE-OFFS OF AN ADVANCED ROADWAY POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE SYSTEM (1991)

Describes the trade-offs in establishing the design specifications for an advanced Roadway Powered Electric Vehicle (RPEV) demonstration project. Presents the results of many variations in system parameters as a function of operating frequency. These parameters include power transfer level, roadway current, onboard current, magnetic flux levels, and selected loss terms. Other factors such as onboard weight and acoustic noise are also addressed.