gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory tract infection with a sugar solution - a case report on a lectin based therapeutic principle (2001)

The competitive inhibition of P. aeruginosa lectins by the lectin specific sugars galactose and fucose may overcome particular mechanisms of bacterial resistance in patients with P. aeruginosa airway infection. This underlying biochemical mechanism and the outcome of our patient suggest a clinical benefit of this novel therapeutic approach for immunocompromised patients or patients with cystic fibrosis suffering from infection with P. aeruginosa.
gCLUTO -- An Interactive Clustering, Visualization, and Analysis System (2004)

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis may be activated after immune challenge. The cytokine oIL-1 has been implicated as an important mediator in this process. The pituitary gland may be an important target for this effect.
A new active common-mode EMI filter for PWM inverter (2003)

This paper presents a new active common-mode electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter for the pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverter application. The proposed filter is based on the current sensing and compensation circuit and it utilizes a fast transistor amplifier for the current compensation. The amplifier utilizes an isolated low-voltage DC power supply for its biasing and it is possible to construct the active filter independent of the source voltage of the equipment. Thus the proposed active filter can be used in any application regardless of its working voltage. The effectiveness of the proposed circuit has been verified by experimental results.
CDK4/6 inhibition as maintenance and combination therapy for high grade serous ovarian cancer (2018)

High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a disease with a high relapse rate and poor overall survival despite good initial responses to platinum-based therapy. Cell cycle inhibition with targeted CDK4/6 inhibitors is a new therapeutic approach showing promise as a maintenance therapy in cancer. As multiple genes in the CDK4/6 pathway are commonly mutated or dysregulated in ovarian cancer, we evaluated the efficacy of the CDK4/6 inhibitor Ribociclib alone, in combination with chemotherapy, and as maintenance therapy in several models of HGSOC. Ribociclib restricted cellular proliferation in multiple ovarian cancer cell lines. Restricted proliferation was associated with a pseudo-senescent cellular phenotype; Ribociclib-treated cells expressed markers of senescence, but could rapidly re-enter the cell cycle with discontinuation of therapy. Surprisingly, concurrent Ribociclib and cisplatin therapy followed by Ribociclib maintenance was synergistic. Evaluation of the cell cycle suggested that Ribociclib may also act at the G2/M check point via dephosphorylation of ATR and CHK1. Consistent with this mechanism, Ribociclib demonstrated clear activity in both platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive tumor models <i>in vivo</i>. This work supports clinical trials using Ribociclib in combination with cisplatin and as a maintenance therapy in ovarian cancer.
Experimental demonstration of visible light communication based on sub-carrier multiplexing of multiple-input-single-output OFDM (2012)

In this paper, a novel configuration of VLC system based on sub-carrier multiplexing of MISO OFDM is proposed. The system consists of a 2×1 MISO array of white LEDs to transmit and receive data. The data is respectively modulated by two sub-carriers at 6.25MHz and 12.5MHz. An overview of the system configuration is described, and the transmission experiment is setup. The experimental results and the relationship between the system BER and transmission range are also investigated.
Low Loss, Highly Stable SAW Devices on Quartz (1986)

As the application of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices becomes more widespread the need has arisen for improvements in insertion loss and temperature stability at higher operating frequencies. This paper reviews these areas of SAW technology and presents results on a low insertion loss structure based upon the Single Phase Unidirectional Transducer (SPUDTI. This approach is shown to give devices with excellent performance whilst design, fabrication and application remain relatively straight forward.
Normal-incidence Ge quantum-dot photodetectors at 1.5 μm based on Si substrate (2002)

Coherent Ge quantum dots embedded in Si spacing layers were grown on Si substrate by molecular-beam epitaxy in the Stranski–Krastanov mode. Photoluminescence measurement showed a Ge-dot-related peak at 1.46 μm. p-i-n photodiodes with the intrinsic layer containing Ge dots were fabricated, and current–voltage (I–V) measurement showed a low dark current density of 3×10−5 A/cm2 at −1 V. A strong photoresponse at 1.3–1.52 μm originating from Ge dots was observed, and at normal incidence, an external quantum efficiency of 8% was achieved at −2.5 V.
Crystal structure of non‐allosteric <scp>L</scp>‐lactate dehydrogenase from <i>Lactobacillus pentosus</i> at 2.3 Å resolution: Specific interactions at subunit interfaces (2001)

L-Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from Lactobacillus pentosus is a non-allosteric enzyme, which shows, however, high sequence similarity to allosteric LDHs from certain bacteria. To elucidate the structural basis of the absence of allostery of L. pentosus LDH (LPLDH), we determined the crystal structure of LPLDH at 2.3 A resolution. Bacterial LDHs are tetrameric enzymes composed of identical subunits and exhibit 222 symmetry. The quaternary structure of LPLDH was similar to the active conformation of allosteric LDHs. Structural analysis revealed that the subunit interfaces of LPLDH are optimized mainly through hydrophilic interactions rather than hydrophobic interactions, compared with other LDHs. The subunit interfaces of LPLDH are more specifically stabilized by increased numbers of intersubunit salt bridges and hydrogen bonds, and higher geometrical complementarity. Such high specificity at the subunit interfaces should hinder the rearrangement of the quaternary structure needed for allosteric regulation and thus explain the "non-allostery" of LPLDH.
In-vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin against gram- positive and gram-negative pathogens from respiratory tract infections (1997)

Trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were equally active against Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens. Ciprofloxacin was the most active compound against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC90 = 1 mg/L), followed by trovafloxacin (MIC90 = 4 mg/L). Trovafloxacin was twice as active as sparfloxacin against Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC90 = 0.12 mg/L), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC90 = 0.12 mg/L) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC90 = 0.06 mg/L) (except quinolone-resistant, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, for which the MIC90 was 8 mg/L). Trovafloxacin was the most active compound against Enterococcus faecalis: 80% of strains were susceptible to 0.25 mg/L. There was complete cross-resistance between all fluoroquinolones.
Evaluation of the channelized Hotelling observer with an internal-noise model in a train-test paradigm for cardiac SPECT defect detection (2013)

The channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) has become a widely used approach for evaluating medical image quality, acting as a surrogate for human observers in early-stage research on assessment and optimization of imaging devices and algorithms. The CHO is typically used to measure lesion detectability. Its popularity stems from experiments showing that the CHO's detection performance can correlate well with that of human observers. In some cases, CHO performance overestimates human performance; to counteract this effect, an internal-noise model is introduced, which allows the CHO to be tuned to match human-observer performance. Typically, this tuning is achieved using example data obtained from human observers. We argue that this internal-noise tuning step is essentially a model training exercise; therefore, just as in supervised learning, it is essential to test the CHO with an internal-noise model on a set of data that is distinct from that used to tune (train) the model. Furthermore, we argue that, if the CHO is to provide useful insights about new imaging algorithms or devices, the test data should reflect such potential differences from the training data; it is not sufficient simply to use new noise realizations of the same imaging method. Motivated by these considerations, the novelty of this paper is the use of new model selection criteria to evaluate ten established internal-noise models, utilizing four different channel models, in a train-test approach. Though not the focus of the paper, a new internal-noise model is also proposed that outperformed the ten established models in the cases tested. The results, using cardiac perfusion SPECT data, show that the proposed train-test approach is necessary, as judged by the newly proposed model selection criteria, to avoid spurious conclusions. The results also demonstrate that, in some models, the optimal internal-noise parameter is very sensitive to the choice of training data; therefore, these models are prone to overfitting, and will not likely generalize well to new data. In addition, we present an alternative interpretation of the CHO as a penalized linear regression wherein the penalization term is defined by the internal-noise model.
ShiverPaD: A Glass Haptic Surface That Produces Shear Force on a Bare Finger (2010)

We discuss the design and performance of a new haptic surface capable of controlling shear force on a bare finger. At the heart of the ShiverPaD is the TPaD variable friction device. It modulates the friction of a glass surface by using 39 kHz out-of-plane vibrations to reduce friction. To generate shear forces, the TPaD is oscillated in-plane (i.e., "shivered") while alternating between low and high friction within each cycle. In previous research, the ShiverPaD produced shear forces using in-plane vibrations below 100 Hz. In this research, we develop a new ShiverPaD that produces force using 854 Hz vibrations, where human sensitivity to vibration is diminished. The new device is used to display a virtual toggle switch and a variety of virtual edges. A human subject study is conducted to demonstrate that users can easily trace virtual edges displayed on the surface of the ShiverPaD.
The Influence of Low‐Molecular‐Weight Organic Acids on Properties and Processes in Forest Soils (1995)

The presence of low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids alters both chemical and biological processes in soils. LMW organic acids function as ligands and through complexation reactions in solution and ligand exchange reactions at mineral surfaces, they affect metal solubility and speciation. The chemical and physical properties of LMW organic acids are well characterized, including the number, type and arrangement of functional groups in the molecule. The major sources of LMW organic acids in forest soils are root exudation, release from soil fungi, leaching from decomposing litter in the forest floor, and the decomposition of organic matter in the soil. LMW organic acids affect phosphorus availability in a number of ways. LMW organic acids are ubiquitous in forest soils. Although they generally comprise only a small fraction of the total soil carbon (C), LMW have a disproportionate influence on soil processes because they are some of the most reactive forms of C in soil.
Glycolipids from the red alga Chondria armata (Kütz.) Okamura (2006)

Three distinct fractions containing polar glycolipids (PF(1-3)) were isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of crude methanolic extract of red alga Chondria armata (Kütz.) Okamura on gel chromatography over Sephadex LH20. Their structure was elucidated by multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques like 1H, 1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), 1H, 1H total COSY (TOCSY), 1H, 13C heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC), and 1H, 13C heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) complemented by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in the positive ion mode. The coupling constant of the anomeric proton in 1H NMR spectrum and sign of rotation indicated an exclusive configuration of the sugar molecules in the glycerolipids. Major glycolipids were identified as (2R)-2-O-(5,8,11,14-eicosatetranoyl)-3-O-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (GL2), its pentacetate (GL1), and (2R)-1-O-(palmitoyl)-2-O-(5,8,11, 14,17-eicosapentanoyl)-3-O-beta-d-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (GL3). Each was methanolysed to give the same galactosylglycerol which on ESI-MS provided a pseudomolecular ion at m/z 309 representing deacylated glycolipid with the sodiated sugar moiety. Additionally, six minor glycolipids were also identified on the basis of ESI-MS. These include a 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(acyl-6'-galactosyl)-glycerol (GL1a), sulfonoglycolipids 2-O-palmitoyl-3-O-(6'-sulfoquinovopyranosyl)-glycerol (GL2a) and its ethyl ether derivative (GL2b), 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-O-galactosyl glycerol (GL3a), and 1,2-diacyl phosphatidyl glycerol (GL3b). GL1, GL1a, and GL2b are new to the literature. The novelty of the remaining identified compounds lies in the diversity of their fatty acid composition. Antimicrobial properties of these glycolipids against pathogens were evaluated. The yeast Candida albicans and the bacteria Klebsiella sp. were as sensitive as the standard Nystatin and antibiotic Streptomycin against PF3. Considerable activity was expressed by the same metabolite against the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans as compared to the control. Weak activity against the bacteria Shigella flexineri and Vibrio cholerae and the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus was also observed. Fraction PF2 was weakly active against some strains whereas all of them were resistant to its acetyl derivative PF1. Antimicrobial activity of glycolipids is being reported here for the first time.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF V3+ ANALOGUES OF JAROSITE-GROUP MINERALS (2003)

Nous avons synthetise les composes analogues de la natrojarosite, jarosite, jarosite substituee par le rubidium, dorallcharite, hydronium jarosite, ammoniojarosite et plumbojarosite contenant du V 3 + en utilisantune demarche conventionnelle d'hydrolyse, Quoiqu'une temperature de 100°C est acceptable pour la plupart des syntheses, nous avons eu besoin de chauffer a 140°C pour obtenir une quantite suffisante de l'analogue a V 3 + de la hydronium jarosite. De plus, l'analogue a V 3 + de la plumbojarosite a ete synthetise par reaction d'un excedent de PbSO 4 a 150°C, avec dissolution par la suite du PbSO 4 non reagi a temperature ambiante avec une solution d'acetate d'ammonium. Nos efforts pour synthetiser l'analogue a V 3 + de l'argentojarosite n'ont pas reussi, parce que le vanadium trivalent a reduit l'ion Ag + a l'argent metallique. Les analogues vanadiferes (V 3 + ) des mineraux du groupe de la jarosite se presentent en general en aggregats spheroides faits de cristaux individuels atteignant 3 μm de diametre. Selon les donnees de diffraction X, methode des poudres, tous les precipites adoptent la structure R3m des mineraux de ce groupe; toutefois, aucun signe d'une reflexion a ∼11 A n'a ete decele dans l'analogue vanadifere de la plumbojarosite, ce qui temoigne d'un manque d'ordre impliquant les ions Pb 2 + et les lacunes associees. Nous avons aussi mesure la densite de ces analogues a V 3 + ; les valeurs sont relativement faibles a cause des lacunes dans le site V des structures.
Arthritis and bone loss (2013)

During the clinical course of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation is the key trigger for progressive local and systemic bone damage. Inflammatory cytokines induce the expression of molecules supporting the differentiation of osteoclasts, which are the primary bone-resorbing cells. However, bone loss can be observed in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting that the start of the destructive phase of disease may be much earlier than previously expected. Recent data suggest that bone loss already starts during the autoimmune phase of the disease long before inflammation starts. Antibodies against citrullinated proteins thereby seem to be an important trigger for bone loss in the preclinical disease phase of rheumatoid arthritis. Although traditional concepts preferred a 'hen-egg' concept with inflammation coming first, later triggering bone loss, new data suggest an alternative 'egg-hen' concept, where bone loss arises before the clinical disease onset and may be important for priming of the joint for susceptibility to chronic inflammation.
Plasmonic-ELISA: expanding horizons (2016)

Convergence of localized surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles with classical ELISA has emerged as a new class of immunoassays,<italic>i.e.</italic>plasmonic ELISA, enabling biocatalysis mediated ultrasensitive naked-eye detection of disease biomarkers.
Second-harmonic generation in Ge_20As_25S_55 glass irradiated by an electron beam (2001)

Second-harmonic generation was observed in Ge(20)As(25)S(55) chalcogenide glass irradiated by an electron beam. The second-harmonic intensity increased with increasing electron-beam current and accelerating voltage. The second-harmonic generation in Ge(20)As(25)S(55) glass was caused by the space-charge electrostatic field that was generated by irradiation of an electron beam. Second-order nonlinearity X((2)) as great as 0.8 pm/V was obtained. The results of measurements of thermally stimulated depolarization current indicated that the glass was poled in the thin layers of its surface (several micrometers) and that the nonlinearity was stable.
Postdigestion Struvite Precipitation Using a Fluidized Bed Reactor (2000)

Controlled precipitation of struvite from postdigestion, sludge lagoon supernatant was studied using a pilot scale fluidized bed reactor (FBR). The process effectively and rapidly removed struvite constituents from the supernatant and produced effluent significantly undersaturated for struvite. Recently published information on struvite thermodynamic and kinetic properties was incorporated into the FBR system design and selection of components. Struvite crystals were selected as seed media, which enabled precipitation of nearly pure crystals and allowed nucleation, with its associated lag time, to be bypassed. Mixing energy in the FBR was demonstrated to be sufficient to overcome transport limitations to struvite growth, allowing growth kinetics to be governed by the surface integration rate of constituent ions into the growing crystal lattice structure. Struvite removal was optimized by incorporating pH elevation into the FBR system. Process fluid was circulated in the pH adjustment tank/FBR system, which was configured as a continuous feed stirred-tank reactor. Struvite removal efficiency exceeded 80% in continuous feed experiments where the hydraulic detention time exceeded 1 h.
A Fast $V_{th}$ Measurement (FVM) Technique for NBTI Behavior Characterization (2017)

In this letter, a novel fast threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ) measurement (FVM) technique is proposed and demonstrated, which could perform I-V characterization of MOSFETs within 1 ns. With the advanced FVM technique, down to 1-ns negative biased temperature instability (NBTI) characterization was successfully carried out for Si pFinFETs at 14-nm technology node. It is experimentally confirmed that the nano-second-level fast recoverable traps, which are generated during NBTI stress, could lead to the underestimation of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> degradation under micro-second-level measurement speed. Furthermore, it is found that even when the Vth measurement is performed within 1 ns after the stress removal, it is still not fast enough to be the real recovery-free measurement. Yet, with the proposed FVM technique, NBTI characteristics could be characterized more accurately and closer to its intrinsic behaviors.
High-accurate fault location technology using FSK-ASK probe backscattering reflectometry in optical amplifier submarine transmission systems (1996)

This paper proposes a new modulation format for optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) to eliminate optical surge and improve OTDR performance in optical amplifier submarine transmission systems. The modulation format, FSK-ASK, uses a short high-power probe pulse and a long dummy pulse. Thanks to the slow gain dynamics of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, both pulses experience an identical gain, equal to the loss of a span, so that the probe pulse maintains its high power and does not develop into an optical surge. Fault location experiments verify a theoretical prediction that FSK-ASK improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of OTDR by an amount as large as the power ratio of the probe to dummy signal. They also confirm the elimination of the optical surge caused by conventional OTDR using a solitary probe pulse. An FSK-ASK OTDR is applied in a commercial submarine amplifier transmission system which has a total transmission length of 890 km and a repeater spacing of 90 km. These field trial results show that subtle fiber anomalies can be located, with a spatial resolution of 1 km, along the entire length of the amplifier transmission system from a terminal end.
Ground Truth: Low Distortion Map Projections for Engineering, Surveying, and GIS (2016)

Map projection linear distortion is manifested as a difference in distance between a pair of projected (map grid) coordinates and the true horizontal distance at the surface of the Earth. Such differences often exceed a few hundred parts per million (ppm) for published coordinate systems (such as state plane and UTM). It can be problematic for various geospatial products and services, such as engineering plans, construction staking, as-built surveys, property boundary plats, and facilities management systems. Although this distortion cannot be eliminated, it can be optimally reduced using low distortion projections (LDPs): conformal map projections for minimizing linear distortion. A method for designing LDPs is shown that yields optimal results even for large areas of variable elevation, and it can provide distortion more than an order of magnitude lower than the traditional method of scaling State Plane coordinates “to ground.” Importantly, LDPs are based on common existing projection types, so they are fully compatible with engineering, surveying, and GIS data (an additional advantage over scaled State Plane). Because they are rigorously georeferenced, LDP datasets can directly represent conditions “at ground” in GIS and CAD platforms without resorting to best-fit approximate transformations.
An Elementary Picture of Dielectric Spectroscopy in Solids: Physical Basis (2003)

Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) techniques play a major role in gaining insight into important peculiarities of dielectric responses of materials. The principles of DS of solids are discussed starting from simple concepts. The physical basis is presented, emphasizing the meaning of the magnitudes and phenomena involved, including the microscopic aspects of the chemical nature of solids. The applications, advantages, and limitations of DS are also discussed. Some examples are given that provide a practical overview of the main ideas as well as to show the usefulness of the technique.