gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Neutrophils, Oxidants, and Proteases in the Pathogenesis of Acid Pulmonary Injury (1992)

We recently reported a biphasic injury pattern of nonlethal acid aspiration pneumonitis in rats. The first phase consisted of the immediate effects of the direct tissue injury, and the second phase was associated with a neutrophilic inflammatory response. Using this model, the present report examines the possible role of neutrophils, oxidants, and proteases in the pathogenesis of the second phase of this lung injury. Acid aspiration injury was induced by instillation of saline/HCl, pH = 1.25, into the trachea of rats. Lung injury was assessed by measuring the degree of alveolar capillary permeability to 125I-labeled albumin (permeability index [PI]). Rats made neutropenic with polyclonal antineutrophil antibody had a lower PI (0.44 +/- 0.07, P less than 0.05) 6 h after acid aspiration than similarly injured animals with normal whole blood neutrophil counts (PI = 0.85 +/- 0.03). Even though neutrophils appeared necessary for the full development of the lung injury in this model, the administration of different intravenous and/or intratracheal concentrations of either deferoxamine or catalase offered no protection against injury. This suggests that neutrophil oxidants were minimally involved in the injury. Large increases in leukocyte-free serine protease activity (1,477 +/- 438 u/ml, P less than 0.05) were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the saline/HCl, pH = 1.25, injured rats at 6 h postinjury, as compared to saline/HCl, pH = 5.3, treated control animals (2.7 +/- 0.2 u/ml). This study supports the hypothesis that neutrophils are necessary for the full expression of acid-induced lung injury and that the generation of leukocyte-derived oxidants does not appear to be the primary mechanism involved in this injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Design and Application of Fast Path System for Power Grid Enterprise's Business Data (2009)

With the development of modern enterprises,power grid enterprise has an ascending demand for the statistics of management data and business data effectively and in time.The paper introduces the business design, platform component modules and their functions of fast path system for power grid enterprise's business data,and three-level allocation as well as application in China Southern Power Grid Company.
Weighted finite state transducers in speech recognition (2000)

We survey the use of weighted finite-state transducers (WFSTs) in speech recognition. We show that WFSTs provide a common and natural representation for HMM models, context-dependency, pronunciation dictionaries, grammars, and alternative recognition outputs. Furthermore, general transducer operations combine these representations exibly and efficiently. Weighted determinization and minimization algorithms optimize their time and space requirements, and a weight pushing algorithm distributes the weights along the paths of a weighted transducer optimally for speech recognition. As an example, we describe a North American Business News (NAB) recognition system built using these techniques that combines the HMMs, full cross-word triphones, a lexicon of forty thousand words, and a large trigram grammar into a single weighted transducer that is only somewhat larger than the trigram word grammar and that runs NAB in real-time on a very simple decoder. In another example, we show that the same techniques can be used to optimize lattices for second-pass recognition. In a third example, we show how general automata operations can be used to assemble lattices from different recognizers to improve recognition performance.
Low-resistance nonalloyed ohmic contact to p-type GaN using strained InGaN contact layer (2001)

A strained InGaN contact layer inserted between Pd/Au and p-type GaN resulted in low ohmic contact resistance without any special treatments. The thickness and In mole fraction of the p-type InGaN varied from 2 nm to 15 nm and from 0.14 to 0.23, respectively. Strained InGaN layers are effective in reducing the contact resistance. A contact layer of 2 nm thick strained In0.19Ga0.81N showed the lowest specific contact resistance of 1.1×10−6 Ω cm2. The mechanism for the lower contact resistance is ascribed to enhanced tunneling transport due to large polarization-induced band bending at the surface as well as to the high hole concentration in p-type InGaN.
GIF2Video: Color Dequantization and Temporal Interpolation of GIF Images (2019)

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) is a highly portable graphics format that is ubiquitous on the Internet. Despite their small sizes, GIF images often contain undesirable visual artifacts such as flat color regions, false contours, color shift, and dotted patterns. In this paper, we propose GIF2Video, the first learning-based method for enhancing the visual quality of GIFs in the wild. We focus on the challenging task of GIF restoration by recovering information lost in the three steps of GIF creation: frame sampling, color quantization, and color dithering. We first propose a novel CNN architecture for color dequantization. It is built upon a compositional architecture for multi-step color correction, with a comprehensive loss function designed to handle large quantization errors. We then adapt the SuperSlomo network for temporal interpolation of GIF frames. We introduce two large datasets, namely GIF-Faces and GIF-Moments, for both training and evaluation. Experimental results show that our method can significantly improve the visual quality of GIFs, and outperforms direct baseline and state-of-the-art approaches.
<title>Volumetric image registration by template matching</title> (2000)

A template-matching approach to registration of volumetric images is described. The process automatically selects about a dozen highly detailed and unique templates (cubic or spherical subvolumes) from the target volume and locates the templates in the reference volume. The centroids of the 'best' four correspondences are then used to determine the transformation matrix that resamples the target volume to overlay the reference volume. Different similarity measures used in template matching are discussed and preliminary results are presented. The proposed registration method produces a median error of 2.8 mm when registering Venderbilt image data sets, with average registration time of 2.5 minutes on a 400 MHz PC.
Contrast Enhancement by Multiscale and Nonlinear Operators (1996)

Image enhancement techniques have been widely used in elds such as radiology, where the subjective quality of images is important for human interpretation (diagnosis). Contrast is an important factor in any subjective evaluation of image quality. Many algorithms for accomplishing contrast enhancement have been developed and applied to problems in medical imaging. A comprehensive survey of existing methods can be found in [1]. Among them, histogram modi cation and edge enhancement techniques have been most commonly used along with traditional methods of image processing. Histogram modi cation techniques [2, 3] are attractive due to their simplicity and speed, and have achieved acceptable results for some applications. In general, a transformation function is derived from a desired histogram and the histogram of an input image. In general, the transformation function is almost always nonlinear. For continuous functions, a
The tone sense multiaccess protocols with partial collision detections (TSMA/PCD) for packet satellite communications (1993)

The tone sense multiaccess with partial collision detection (TSMA/PCD) protocol is particularly suitable for a packet satellite system serving an area with a dense population of earth stations. By incorporating a narrowband ground radio channel for broadcasting busy ones, the earth stations are able to avoid packet collisions by sensing for the absence of busy tones before transmitting packets. Partial collision detection capability can also be achieved. Single-tone TSMA/PCD gives 97% of the carrier-sense multiaccess with collision detection (CSMA/CD) throughput when N=10 tones are used, while for multitone and slot-by-slot announcement TSMA/PCD protocols only N=8 and N=2, respectively, are sufficient to drive the system to the CSMA/CD performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Kinetics of the reaction between polyester acid and carbodiimide in dry polyester diols and in a polyester polyurethane (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the reaction between polyester acid and carbodiimide in dry polyester diols and in a polyester polyurethaneDaniel W. Brown, Robert E. Lowry, and Leslie E. SmithCite this: Macromolecules 1981, 14, 3, 659–663Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma50004a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ma50004a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views308Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
2-Methyl-1,3-dioxaazaspiro[4.5]decanes as novel muscarinic cholinergic agonists (1988)

Many nonquaternary ammonium muscarinic agonists have been developed over the last few years, but most of the existing compounds (e.g., arecoline, RS-86, AF-30) behave as weak partial agonists at cholinergic receptors in tissues of limited receptor reserve. The current paper describes the synthesis and biochemical assessment of analogues of AF-30 designed to have sufficient conformational freedom to allow greater receptor flexibility and hence activation. The new compounds and important standards were tested in a new biochemical assay designed to measure both receptor affinity and intrinsic activity of each compound and for their ability to stimulate phosphatidylinositol turnover in rat cerebral cortex. Two azaspirodecanes (5a and 5b) were shown to have far greater predicted efficacy than AF-30.
Initiation, promotion, and inhibition of carcinogenesis in rainbow trout. (1987)

The identification of etiological agents in feral fish neoplasia epizootics has been hampered in part by the lack of suitable fish models, and complicated by the likely existence of environmental agents which can act to stimulate or reduce population responses to genotoxin insult. The response of fish to tumor inhibitors and promoters, and the underlying mechanisms of modulation, have been studied in the rainbow trout model. Dietary treatment of trout with the compounds indole-3-carbinol (I3C), beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), or the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) complex Aroclor 1254, before and during exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), was shown to reduce the final incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma after 12 months, compared to fish receiving AFB1 only. By contrast, treatment of trout with BNF or I3C following AFB1 initiation led to a significant enhancement of ultimate tumor response. Similarly, simultaneous treatment of trout with PCB and the carcinogen N-nitrosodiethylamine led to syncarcinogenic enhancement, rather than inhibition, of tumor response. Mechanisms of inhibition of AFB1 carcinogenesis by PCB, BNF, and I3C were investigated. PCB and BNF, but not I3C, are known to be strong inducers of trout cytochrome P448 and associated activities. Dietary induction by BNF or PCB was shown to be accompanied in isolated hepatocytes by considerably altered AFB1 metabolism, and by significantly reduced rates of DNA adduct formation for all three agents. All agents differentially altered in vivo AFB1 pharmacokinetics, enhanced bile elimination of AFB1 as the aflatoxicol-M1 glucuronide, and significantly reduced peak levels of liver DNA adduct formation. No effects were seen on repair of AFB1-DNA adducts, which was very slow in trout.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Die postfetale Differenzierung und Größenentwicklung der Extremitätenknochenkerne (1949)

Aus einem Material von über 2500 Röntgenaufnahmen wurden über 10000 Knochenkerne bezüglich des Zeitpunktes ihres Auftretens und ihrer Größenentwicklung registriert. Dabei ergaben sich sowohl hinsichtlich der Differenzierung als auch hinsichtlich der Größenentwicklung Normen, deren geringe Variationsbreite eine praktische Verwendung in der röntgenologischen Diagnostik des wachsenden Skelettes gestattet. Durchschnittlich zeigen die Knochenkerne gegenüber den Angaben früherer Untersuchungen zeitigere Ossifikationszeitpunkte. Das weibliche Geschlecht hat hinsichtlich der Differenzierung in der Regel einen leichten Vorsprung, während das Größenwachstum der Knochenkerne keine Geschlechtsunterschiede aufweist. Geschlechtsdifferenzen und konstitutionelle Varianten gestalten die physiologische Variationsbreite der Knochenkernentwicklung. Sowohl Größenwachstum als auch Differenzierung verlaufen streng symmetrisch.
High temperature single-mode cw operation with a junction-up TJS laser (1978)

A modified TJS laser has been developed, in which the current is effectively confined to the active region. When heat sinked through the substrate, the laser operates continuously at over 100 °C in a single longitudinal and fundamental transverse mode.
Reviews of Books (1984)

Journal Article Reviews of Books Get access Benjamin Disraeli Letters, Vol. I: 1815–1834; Vol. II: 1835–1837. Edited by J. A. W. GUNN, JOHN MATTHEWS, DONALD M. SCHURMAN and M. G. WIEBE (Toronto/London: University of Toronto Press, 1982. £37.50 each). PAUL SMITH PAUL SMITH University of Southampton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XCIX, Issue CCCXCI, April 1984, Pages 401–402, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XCIX.CCCXCI.401 Published: 01 April 1984
Covalent Triazine Framework as Catalytic Support for Liquid Phase Reaction (2010)

An important goal in the preparation of highly active supported metal particles is the enhancement of the metal support interaction, providing a more stable catalyst, especially for liquid phase reactions as the leaching and reconstruction of the active phase causes deactivation. In this work, a covalent triazine framework (CTF) as support for Pd nanoparticles is compared to activated carbon (AC), the typical support used in liquid phase reactions. The results indicate that the presence of the N-heterocyclic moieties on the surface of the frameworks is beneficial for improving the stability of Pd nanoparticles during the liquid phase glycerol oxidation. Pd/CTF showed better activity and in particular better stability when compared to Pd supported on activated carbon (AC).
Statistically thinned arrays with quantized amplitude weights (2003)

The present work was motivated by the fact that, if array amplitude weights are applied by solid-state modules, then it may be practical and economical to select modules with a small number of discrete, or quantized, amplitude levels, and to organize the array into annular rings with the quantized levels. Since an array with quantized amplitudes may produce high sidelobes, the goal of this study was to use statistical thinning to smooth the average amplitude illumination and reduce peak sidelobe levels. The resulting changes in average sidelobe level, gain, and effective isotropic radiated power due to this design procedure were then evaluated. The authors present directivity, normalized power radiated, normalized effective isotropic radiated power, and computed array patterns for a variety of design sidelobe levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modified poly(ether–imide–amide)s with pendent benzazole structures: Synthesis and characterization (2012)

Abstract Three series of novel modified poly(ether–imide–amide)s (PEIAs) having pendent benzazole units were prepared from diimide–dicarboxylic acids, including 2‐[3,5‐bis(4‐trimellitimidophenoxy) phenyl]benzimidazole, 2‐[3,5‐bis(4‐trimellitimidophenoxy) phenyl]benzoxazole, and 2‐[3,5‐bis(4‐trimellitimidophenoxy) phenyl]benzothiazole, with various diamines by direct polycondensation in N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone with triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. These new diimide–dicarboxylic acids containing ether linkages and benzazole pendent groups were synthesized by the condensation reaction of 5‐(2‐benzimidazole)‐1,3‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)benzene, 5‐(2‐benzoxazole)‐1,3‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)benzene, or 5‐(2‐benzothiazole)‐1,3‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)benzene with trimellitic anhydride, respectively. All of the polymers were obtained in quantitative yields with inherent viscosities of 0.39–0.65 dL/g. For comparative purposes, the corresponding unsubstituted PEIAs were also prepared by the reaction of a diimide–dicarboxylic acid monomer lacking benzazole pendent groups, namely, 3,5‐bis(4‐trimellitimidophenoxy) phenyl, with the same diamines under similar conditions. The solubilities of the modified PEIAs in common organic solvents and their thermal stability were enhanced compared to those of the corresponding unmodified PEIAs. The glass‐transition temperature, 10% weight loss temperature, and char yields at 800°C were 19–31°C, 22–57°C and 4–8% higher, respectively, than those of the unmodified polymers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
AudioPaK-an integer arithmetic lossless audio codec (2002)

We designed a simple, lossless audio codec, called AudioPaK, which uses only a small number of integer arithmetic operations on both the coder and the decoder side. The main operations of this codec are polynomial prediction and Golomb-Rice coding, and are done on a frame basis. Our coder performs as well, or even better than most lossless audio codecs.
Rapid Sequential Intravenous Administration of Four Hypothalamic ReleasingHormones as a Combined Anterior Pituitary Function Test in Normal Subjects* (1985)

Normal subjects were studied to test the feasibility of a combined anterior pituitary function test using iv administration of four hypothalamic releasing hormones: ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone, human GH-releasing hormone, GnRH, and TRH. Initially, nine normal men were studied with various combinations of these four hormones to exclude the possibility that they might inhibit or synergize with each other in releasing the individual anterior pituitary hormones. When given in combination, the releasing hormones were administered as sequential 20-sec iv infusions in the following order and doses: ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone, 1 microgram/kg; GnRH, 100 micrograms; human GH-releasing hormone, 1 microgram/kg; and TRH, 200 micrograms. Plasma or serum samples were assayed for ACTH, cortisol, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, and TSH at multiple times for 120 min after injection. Compared to individual administration, combined administration of these four hypothalamic releasing hormones caused no apparent inhibition or synergism with respect to the individual hormone responses of these normal subjects. Side-effects of the combined test were the same as those observed with individual hormone administration. No unusual or dangerous side-effects were observed. Having confirmed the efficacy of combined administration of the four releasing hormones, we administered the combination to five additional normal men and 12 normal women. Anterior pituitary hormone and cortisol responses were the same in men and women, except for a lower LH and a greater PRL response in women. There was a rapid increase in all hormones, with peak levels usually reached by 60 min. Adequate assessment of individual hormone responses can be achieved by assaying a basal and only 2 (or 3 in the case of ACTH and GH) postinfusion samples. A rapid, safe, and useful test of combined anterior pituitary function appears to be feasible using these four hypothalamic releasing hormones.
Differential Thick-Film Amperometric Glucose Sensor with an Enzyme-Immobilized Nitrocellulose Membrane (2001)

A disposable glucose sensor based on a differential amperometric measurement is fabricated on activated carbon paste electrodes with the use of a glucose oxidase (GOx)-immobilized nitrocellulose (NC) membrane. Two identical three-electrode cells are screen-printed symmetrically on both faces of a single polyester (PE) substrate. Both electrodes of the two-sided sensor strip are covered with NC membranes incorporating a mediator (K3[Fe(CN)6]), one membrane with GOx and the other with bovine serum albumin (i.e., no GOx): the former serves as a glucose-sensing cell and the other as a reference cell. In the differential measurements between these two cells, the response signals toward various redox species other than glucose cancel out. Prior to placing the NC membranes, the working carbon paste electrodes are pretreated by anodizing them in saturated sodium carbonate at 1.2 V (vs. SCE): the electrochemical reversibility of the mediator is found to be enhanced significantly on such an activated electrode. The analytical performance of the proposed differential glucose sensor strip is demonstrated by measuring glucose values in normal and abnormal serum samples: 5.08±0.52 (found) vs. 5.10±0.46 (listed), and 16.56±1.71 (found) vs. 16.92±1.72 (listed).
Inhibition of the Death Receptor Pathway by cFLIP Confers Partial Engraftment of MHC Class I-Deficient Stem Cells and Reduces Tumor Clearance in Perforin-Deficient Mice (2001)

NK cells mediate acute rejection of MHC class I-deficient bone marrow cell (BMC) grafts. However, the exact cytotoxic mechanisms of NK cells during acute BMC graft rejection are not well defined. Although the granule exocytosis pathway plays a major role in NK cell-mediated rejection, alternative perforin-independent mechanisms also exist. By analyzing the anti-apoptotic effects of cellular Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (cFLIP) overexpression, we investigated the possible role of death receptor-induced apoptosis in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In the absence of perforin, we found that cFLIP overexpression reduces lysis of tumor cells by NK cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, perforin-deficient NK cells were impaired in their ability to acutely reject cFLIP-overexpressing TAP-1 knockout stem cells. These results emphasize the importance of NK cell death receptor-mediated killing during BMC grafts in the absence of perforin.