gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radio Frequency Mass Gauging of Propellants (2007)

A combined experimental and computer simulation effort was conducted to measure radio frequency (RF) tank resonance modes in a dewar partially filled with liquid oxygen, and compare the measurements with numerical simulations. The goal of the effort was to demonstrate that computer simulations of a tank's electromagnetic eigenmodes can be used to accurately predict ground-based measurements, thereby providing a computational tool for predicting tank modes in a low-gravity environment. Matching the measured resonant frequencies of several tank modes with computer simulations can be used to gauge the amount of liquid in a tank, thus providing a possible method to gauge cryogenic propellant tanks in low-gravity. Using a handheld RF spectrum analyzer and a small antenna in a 46 liter capacity dewar for experimental measurements, we have verified that the four lowest transverse magnetic eigenmodes can be accurately predicted as a function of liquid oxygen fill level using computer simulations. The input to the computer simulations consisted of tank dimensions, and the dielectric constant of the fluid. Without using any adjustable parameters, the calculated and measured frequencies agree such that the liquid oxygen fill level was gauged to within 2 percent full scale uncertainty. These results demonstrate the utility of using electromagnetic simulations to form the basis of an RF mass gauging technology with the power to simulate tank resonance frequencies from arbitrary fluid configurations.
Cryoablation: (2004)

The use of cryoablation in the electrophysiology lab provides some distinct advantages not seen with conventional radiofrequency ablation. Ice mapping allows a functional assessment of a putative ablation site prior to the formation of a permanent lesion. This provides a distinct advantage adjacent to the AV node for para-hisian pathways and difficult cases of AVNRT. Cryoablation also produces minimal endothelial disruption and thrombus formation and causes no collagen shrinkage. This is likely advantageous when ablation is required within venous structures. There is also mounting experimental evidence that cryoablation is safe adjacent to the arterial system, especially within the middle cardiac vein or distal coronary sinus. As the technology evolves and further iterations of the catheter proceed, the role for this new but well-established technology is likely to grow.
Testing for Orthostatic Hypotension and Recognizing Symptoms in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury (2011)

This article provides a fact sheet for the quick and reliable test for orthostatic hypotension in persons living with spinal cord injury.
Temperature Dependence of Sound Velocity in High-Strength Fiber-Reinforced Plastics (2003)

Longitudinal sound velocity in unidirectional hybrid composites or high-strength fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs) was measured along the fiber axis over a wide temperature range (from 77 K to 420 K). We investigated two kinds of high-strength crystalline polymer fibers, polyethylene (Dyneema) and polybenzobisoxazole (Zylon), which are known to have negative thermal expansion coefficients and high thermal conductivities along the fiber axis. Both FRPs had very high sound velocities of about 9000 m/s at low temperatures and their temperature dependences were very strong. Sound velocity monotonically decreased with increasing temperature. The temperature dependence of sound velocity was much stronger in Dyneema-FRP than in Zylon-FRP.
[The multiple tumor suppressor genes in human esophageal cancer]. (1994)

The mutation and deletion of the multiple tumor suppressor genes, including p53, Rb, APC and MCC in the same tissue of humanesophageal cancer (EC) and adjacent non-tumor were analysed by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. In 10 cases of EC 6 were found mutations of p53 gene, 5 were found abnormality of Rb gene, 3 were found mutation of APC gene, 3 were found mutation of MCC gene, 8 were found atleration abnormality of tumor suppressor genes Rb, p53, APC and MCC, 6 were found two or more abnormality of the tumor suppressor genes. The results indicated that the alterations in multiple of tumor suppressor genes were related to carcinogenesis of human esophageal cancer.
Low-Voltage High-Gain 0.2 µm N-Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors by Channel Counter Doping with Arsenic (1993)

A counter-doped n-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (NMOSFET) whose threshold voltage is controlled by channel counter doping with arsenic is proposed in order to realize a sub-half-micron device with low threshold voltage. It is found that threshold voltage adjustment is possible without losing good short-channel characteristics. The counter-doped NMOSEET is applicable to 0.2 µm devices with a threshold voltage of 0.2 V. Electron mobility of this transistor is found to be 30% higher than that of conventional devices. Smaller gate current also reduces hot carrier-induced threshold voltage shift.
Detection of resistance of lactic acid bacteria to a mixture of the hop analogue compounds tetrahydroiso-alpha-acids by noninvasive measurement of intracellular pH (2004)

This study demonstrated the usability of a new rapid method for detecting hop-resistant variants of known beer spoilage LAB species.
Rapid analysis for the heavy metals limit test by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis with monochromatic excitation. (1996)

単色化X線源を用いたエネルギー分散型蛍光X線装置による微量重金属元素の直接定量法を確立し,重金属限度試験法(化粧品原料基準,日本薬局方)の迅速分析法として応用した.有機物試料中の V～Bi までの 26 元素の検出下限は,0.08～0.64μg g-1(鉛0.25,平均0.35μg g-1)と低い値が得られ,鉛20μg g-1の測定の再現性は相対標準偏差1.0%以下と良好な値が得られた.鉛及び重金属を標準添加した各種試料について,重金属限度試験法との比較を行った結果,回収率及び再現性共に本法のほうが良好であった.更に,本法は各元素ごとの正確な定量結果を得ることも可能で,又重金属限度試験法の値に換算も可能であることを示した.本法は前処理不要の直接分析法で,かつ正確さ,再現性も良好で重金属限度試験法の代替法として迅速分析(30～60分)できることを示した.
ChemInform Abstract: The Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Lactam Antibiotics. Part 4. A Formal Synthesis of Thienamycin. (1987)

Abstract The imide (I) is coupled with acetaldehyde, yielding the adduct (II) which is silylated and then converted to the aldehyde (IIIa) and its derivatives (IIIb) and (IIIc).
Optical transmission loss of germanium borosilicate fibres as a function of drawing conditions (1979)

Previous work showed that the transmission loss of step-index phosphosilicate fibre is dependent upon the draw tension. Similar experiments with graded-index germanium-borosilicate fibres do not show the same dependence over a range of tension from 5 g to 100 g and a range of draw speeds from 0.25 m/s to 5 m/s.
Evaluation of Cellular Immune Responses in Subjects Chronically Infected with HIV Type 1 (2007)

The importance of host cellular immune responses, particularly CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses, in control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has been demonstrated in many clinical studies. These studies, along with vaccination challenge studies in rhesus macaques, indicate the importance of cellular immune responses against HIV-1. Toward this end, we evaluated anti-HIV-1 cellular immune responses in a cohort of 54 subjects who were chronically infected with HIV-1. By validation of IFN-gamma ELISpot assay, we established a dual cut-off criterion for scoring a positive response. The magnitude and frequency of cellular immune responses were measured against HIV-1 antigens (Gag, Pol, Nef, Rev, and Tat), using synthetic peptides as antigens in ELISpot assay. Here we showed that HIV-1 Gag, Pol, and Nef were frequent targets of T cell responses in these subjects, whereas Tat and Rev were less frequently recognized. We further evaluated the possible association between host cellular immune responses and corresponding plasma viral loads in this cohort. By performing ranking correlation analysis, we demonstrated a positive correlation between host viral loads and ELISpot responses of HIV Gag and Pol in untreated subjects. For the subjects under antiviral regimens, however, we did not find any significant association. Our findings suggest that the high levels of ELISpot responses in chronically infected subjects were reflective of their persistent viral infection.
Determination of Functional Groups in Molecular Components of Polydimethylsiloxanes (1987)

On-line size exclusion chromatographic (SEC) methods for the determination of silicon hydride, silanol, and silicon phenyl functional groups in molecular weight components of polydimethylsiloxanes of the Sylgard type are described. The methods are illustrated with the analysis results of Sylgards and other commercial samples, some of which have bimodal molecular weight distributions and contain specific functional groups in only one of the molecular weight components. The silicon hydride groups were monitored by means of their IR band near 2160 cm-l and the silanol groups were followed by the hydrogen bonded OH stretching frequency near 3440 cm-1. Silicon phenyl groups were monitored in the UV at 215 nm for quantitation. For silanol and phenyl groups the choice of mobile phase is crucial to the analysis.
Response error correction-a demonstration of improved human-machine performance using real-time EEG monitoring (2003)

We describe a brain-computer interface (BCI) system, which uses a set of adaptive linear preprocessing and classification algorithms for single-trial detection of error related negativity (ERN). We use the detected ERN as an estimate of a subject's perceived error during an alternative forced choice visual discrimination task. The detected ERN is used to correct subject errors. Our initial results show average improvement in subject performance of 21% when errors are automatically corrected via the BCI. We are currently investigating the generalization of the overall approach to other tasks and stimulus paradigms.
Dynamic RKKY interaction in graphene (2012)

The growing interest in carbon-based spintronics has stimulated a number of recent theoretical studies on the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction in graphene, based on which the energetically favorable alignment between magnetic moments embedded in this material can be calculated. The general consensus is that the strength of the RKKY interaction in undoped graphene decays as $1/{D}^{3}$ or faster, where $D$ is the separation between magnetic moments. Such an unusually fast decay for a two-dimensional system suggests that the RKKY interaction may be too short ranged to be experimentally observed in graphene. Here we show in a mathematically transparent form that a far more long ranged interaction arises when the magnetic moments are taken out of their equilibrium positions and set in motion. We not only show that this dynamic version of the RKKY interaction in graphene decays far more slowly but also propose how it can be observed with currently available experimental methods.
Performance analysis of Raptor codes in Wi-Max systems over fading channel (2008)

In modern wireless communication systems, forward error correcting codes are employed for efficient transmission of data in noisy environments. Achieving a very less bit error rate (BER) has been the major task in the field of error control coding. The recently developed Raptor codes, which are a class of Fountain codes and the extension of LT codes, tend to give better performance than the low density parity check (LDPC) codes on burst error channels. In this paper, Raptor codes are used for forward error correction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) , which is a popular multicarrier modulation technique in Wi-Max systems and is currently being used in the IEEE 802.16e (Wi-Max) standard. Simulations are carried out and the bit error rate performance and burst-erasure correction capability of Raptor codes are compared with that of quasi-cyclic LDPC codes over Rayleigh fading channel.
Residual-Oil Hydrotreating Kinetics for Graded Catalyst Systems:  Effect of Original and Treated Feedstocks (2003)

In the upgrading of heavy petroleum oils and residues by hydrotreatment, multiple-reactor fixed-bed units loaded with different types of catalysts are used extensively. Catalysts for such hydrotreatment processes are chosen on the basis of activity, selectivity, and life. The performance of the overall hydrotreatment process, with regard to various reactions, such as hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), hydrodemetallization (HDM), asphaltenes cracking (HDAsph), and conversion to distillates, as well as catalyst life-on-stream, are clearly linked to the performance of the catalyst in different reactors. Information regarding the activity, selectivity, kinetic parameters, and deactivation of the individual catalysts are, therefore, highly desirable for optimizing reactor loading in the multiple-catalyst system. This paper presents the performance tests for various reactions on two types of industrial hydrotreating catalysts: those used at the midsection and the tail-end of a graded catalyst system designed to hydrotreat atmospheric residual oils. The tests were conducted using straight-run Kuwait atmospheric residue, a demetallized residue, and a demetallized/desulfurized residue. The activity and kinetic parameters for different reactions that are typically occurring during the hydroprocessing of these feedstocks were determined. The results revealed significant changes in activity, depending on the feedstock used for the tests. Furthermore, apparent rate orders and rate constants for some reactions were significantly changed. The study demonstrates the importance of proper selection of the feedstocks used in the performance evaluation and screening of candidate catalysts for graded catalyst systems for residual-oil hydrotreatment.
A prioritized handoff dynamic channel allocation strategy for PCS (1999)

An analytical method is developed to calculate the blocking probability (p/sub b/), the probability of handoff failure (p/sub h/), the forced termination probability (p/sub ft/), and the probability that a call is not completed (p/sub nc/) for the no priority (NPS) and reserved channel (RCS) schemes for handoff, using fixed channel allocation (FCA) in a microcellular system. Based only on the knowledge of the new call arrival rate, a method of assessing the handoff arrival rate for any kind of traffic is derived. The analytical method is valid for uniform and nonuniform traffic distributions and is verified by computer simulations. An extension (generalization) to the nonuniform compact pattern allocation algorithm is presented as an application of this analysis. Based on this extended concept, a modified version of a dynamic channel allocation strategy (DCA) called compact pattern with maximized channel borrowing (CPMCB) is presented. With modifications, it is shown that CPMCB is a self-adaptive prioritized handoff DCA strategy with enhanced performance that can be exploited in a personal communications service (PCS) environment leading either to a reduction in infrastructure or to an increase in capacity and grade of service. The effect of user mobility on the grade of service is also considered using CPMCB.
A versatile and modularizable micromachining process for the fabrication of thermal microsensors and microactuators (2001)

We present a fabrication process for a family of thermal microsensors and microactuators based on a porous silicon sacrificial layer technology. In contrast to previous work on porous-silicon-based micromachining processes, our process is modularized into a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible front-end and a sensor- or actuator-specific back-end module. The front-end module yields silicon hotplate structures which can be fabricated in typical CMOS foundries. Such hotplates are characterized by high mechanical strength and good thermal insulation. High levels of thermal insulation are attained by employing extremely deep sacrificial layers approaching the wafer thickness. We show that different kinds of thermal microsensors and microactuators can be produced using identical front-end modules. The adaptation of the microstructures to different application needs can be performed in a small number of sensor- or actuator-specific back-end processes. We propose that such modularization schemes allow small- and medium-sized companies, with specialized application know-how and access to limited-size markets, to benefit from the mass fabrication capabilities of modern silicon foundries.
American Independence through Prussian Eyes: A Neutral View of the Peace Negotiations of 1782-1783, Selections from the Prussian Diplomatic (1959)

Journal Article American Independence through Prussian Eyes: A Neutral View of the Peace Negotiations of 1782–1783, Selections from the Prussian Diplomatic Correspondence. Translated and edited by Marvin L. Brown, Jr. (Durham: Duke University Press, 1959. xviii + 216 pp. Illustration, notes, and index. $5.00.) Get access Albert H. Bowman Albert H. Bowman Tennessee Wesleyan College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 46, Issue 2, September 1959, Pages 302–303, https://doi.org/10.2307/1891533 Published: 01 September 1959
Potential Role of Phospholipases in Virulence and Fungal Pathogenesis (2000)

Microbial pathogens use a number of genetic strategies to invade the host and cause infection. These common themes are found throughout microbial systems. Secretion of enzymes, such as phospholipase, has been proposed as one of these themes that are used by bacteria, parasites, and pathogenic fungi. The role of extracellular phospholipase as a potential virulence factor in pathogenic fungi, including Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus, has gained credence recently. In this review, data implicating phospholipase as a virulence factor in C. albicans, Candida glabrata, C. neoformans, and A. fumigatus are presented. A detailed description of the molecular and biochemical approaches used to more definitively delineate the role of phospholipase in the virulence of C. albicans is also covered. These approaches resulted in cloning of three genes encoding candidal phospholipases (caPLP1, caPLB2, and PLD). By using targeted gene disruption, C. albicans null mutants that failed to secrete phospholipase B, encoded by caPLB1, were constructed. When these isogenic strain pairs were tested in two clinically relevant murine models of candidiasis, deletion of caPLB1 was shown to lead to attenuation of candidal virulence. Importantly, immunogold electron microscopy studies showed that C. albicans secretes this enzyme during the infectious process. These data indicate that phospholipase B is essential for candidal virulence. Although the mechanism(s) through which phospholipase modulates fungal virulence is still under investigations, early data suggest that direct host cell damage and lysis are the main mechanisms contributing to fungal virulence. Since the importance of phospholipases in fungal virulence is already known, the next challenge will be to utilize these lytic enzymes as therapeutic and diagnostic targets.
Cap-Translation Inhibitor, 4EGI-1, Restores Sensitivity to ABT-737 Apoptosis through Cap-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2013)

Overall protein synthesis and cap-complex formation are induced by microenvironment stimuli in CLL. Inhibition of the cap-complex was not sufficient to repress BCL2 family prosurvival expression, but 4EGI-1 inhibited BCL2A1 and BCL2L1 while inducing NOXA through cap-dependent and -independent mechanisms. 4EGI-1 and ABT-737 synergized to produce apoptosis, and these agents may be the basis for a therapeutically useful combination.
Sulfur‐containing cyclic ketimines and imino acids (1991)

Aminoethylcysteine, lanthionine, cystathionine and cystine are mono-deaminated either by L-amino-acid oxidase or by a transaminase exhibiting the properties described for glutamine transaminase. The deaminated products cyclize producing the respective ketimines. Authentic samples of each ketimine were prepared by reacting the appropriate aminothiol compound with bromopyruvate, except cystine ketimine which required the interaction of thiopyruvate with cystine sulfoxide. Reduction of the first three mentioned ketimines with NaBH4 yields the respective derivatives with the saturated rings of thiomorpholine and hexahydrothiazepine. The same reduction is carried out enzymically by a reductase extracted from mammalian tissues. Properties of the members of this family of compounds are described. Gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry permits the identification of most of these products. HPLC is very useful for the determination of the ketimines by taking advantage of specific absorbance at 380 nm obtained by prior derivatization with phenylisothiocyanate. Adaptation of these and other analytical procedures to biological samples disclosed the presence of most of these compounds in bovine brain and in human urine. By using [35S]lanthionine ketimine as a representative member of the ketimine group, the specific, high-affinity, saturable and reversible binding to bovine brain membranes has been demonstrated. The binding is removed by aminoethylcysteine ketimine and by cystathionine ketimine indicating the occurrence in bovine brain of a common binding site for ketimines. The reduced ketimines are totally ineffective in competing with [35S]lanthionine ketimine. Alltogether these findings are highly indicative for the existence in mammals of a novel class of endogenous sulfur-containing cyclic products provided with a possible neurochemical function to be investigated further.
Levels of tumour necrosis factor and soluble TNF receptors during malaria fever episodes in the community (1998)

The pyrogenic cytokine, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), is a mediator of malaria fever. Since high plasma levels of TNF are sometimes found in afebrile individuals with Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia, it has been suggested that soluble forms of TNF receptors (sTNF-R55 and sTNF-R75) in the plasma may act to inhibit the pyrogenic effect of TNF. We have investigated plasma levels of TNF, sTNF-R55 and sTNF-R75 in relation to episodes of malaria fever detected in a cross-sectional study of 313 rural Gambian children during the malaria transmission season. Levels of TNF were significantly higher in the 20 children who had parasitaemia associated with fever than in 120 children who were afebrile despite malaria infection and 173 who had no detectable parasitaemia. In contrast, soluble TNF receptor levels did not differ between these clinical groups and, in a logistic regression model which included level of parasitaemia, we found TNF but not soluble TNF receptor levels to be associated with the presence of fever. These data support the role of TNF in malaria fever but suggest that soluble TNF receptors are not a major factor in modulating the fever.
Estimation of the Potential of an Oil-Viscosity-Reducing Bacteria, Petrotoga sp., Isolated from an Oilfield for MEOR (2009)

One thermophilic anaerobic oil-degrading bacterium was successfully isolated from reservoir brine of Yabase oilfield,<br>INPEX Corp., Akita, Japan. The potential of the isolated bacterium as a candidate for Microbial EOR (MEOR) was estimated<br>in this study.