gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conservation of protein abundance patterns reveals the regulatory architecture of the EGFR-MAPK pathway (2016)

Various genetic mutations associated with cancer are known to alter cell signaling, but it is not clear whether they dysregulate signaling pathways by altering the abundance of pathway proteins. Using a combination of RNA sequencing and ultrasensitive targeted proteomics, we defined the primary components-16 core proteins and 10 feedback regulators-of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in normal human mammary epithelial cells and then quantified their absolute abundance across a panel of normal and breast cancer cell lines as well as fibroblasts. We found that core pathway proteins were present at very similar concentrations across all cell types, with a variance similar to that of proteins previously shown to display conserved abundances across species. In contrast, EGFR and transcriptionally controlled feedback regulators were present at highly variable concentrations. The absolute abundance of most core proteins was between 50,000 and 70,000 copies per cell, but the adaptors SOS1, SOS2, and GAB1 were found at far lower amounts (2000 to 5000 copies per cell). MAPK signaling showed saturation in all cells between 3000 and 10,000 occupied EGFRs, consistent with the idea that adaptors limit signaling. Our results suggest that the relative stoichiometry of core MAPK pathway proteins is very similar across different cell types, with cell-specific differences mostly restricted to variable amounts of feedback regulators and receptors. The low abundance of adaptors relative to EGFR could be responsible for previous observations that only a fraction of total cell surface EGFR is capable of rapid endocytosis, high-affinity binding, and mitogenic signaling.
Multicomponent Analysis of the Differential Induction of Secondary Metabolite Profiles in Fungal Endophytes (2016)

Small molecule histone deacetylase (HDAC) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors are commonly used to perturb the production of fungal metabolites leading to the induction of the expression of silent biosynthetic pathways. Several reports have described the variable effects observed in natural product profiles in fungi treated with HDAC and DNMT inhibitors, such as enhanced chemical diversity and/or the induction of new molecules previously unknown to be produced by the strain. Fungal endophytes are known to produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites (SMs) involved in their adaptation and survival within higher plants. The plant-microbe interaction may influence the expression of some biosynthetic pathways, otherwise cryptic in these fungi when grown in vitro. The aim of this study was to setup a systematic approach to evaluate and identify the possible effects of HDAC and DNMT inhibitors on the metabolic profiles of wild type fungal endophytes, including the chemical identification and characterization of the most significant SMs induced by these epigenetic modifiers.
Influence of additives on selective noncatalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia in circulating fluidized bed boilers (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of additives on selective noncatalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia in circulating fluidized bed boilersBo Leckner, Maria Karlsson, Kim Dam-Johansen, Claus Erik Weinell, Pia Kilpinen, and Mikko HupaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 11, 2396–2404Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00059a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00059a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views323Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Affinity Constants of Naturally Acquired and Vaccine-Induced Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antibodies in Healthy Adults and Cystic Fibrosis Patients (1992)

Naturally acquired anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibody fails to afford protection against repeated P. aeruginosa bronchopulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In an effort to explain this phenomenon, the titer and affinity constants of serum anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) IgG were determined in five study groups: healthy adults before and after immunization with a polyvalent LPS-based vaccine, healthy noncolonized CF patients before and after immunization, nonimmunized CF patients with significantly elevated anti-LPS antibody titers without documented colonization, recently colonized CF patients before and after immunization, and nonimmunized CF patients chronically colonized with P. aeruginosa. Immunization elicited a significant rise in total anti-LPS immunoglobulin levels and affinity constants in both healthy adults and CF patients. Although chronically colonized patients had elevated levels of total anti-LPS antibody, these antibodies possessed affinities at least 100-fold less than those of vaccine-induced antibodies.
Advances on biomass pretreatment using ionic liquids: An overview (2011)

Petroleum is currently being used as a major source for chemicals, materials, and fuels, but poses major concerns in terms of its future utilisation due to resource limitation, increasing costs and associated environmental issues. An alternative raw material for chemicals and biofuels production is lignocellulosic biomass. The conversion of biomass to biofuels begins with biomass pretreatment in which chemical and/or physical treatments are utilised to remove or weaken the tight linkages among cell-wall components, making biomass easier to degrade. The use of ionic liquids–salts (mixtures of cations and anions that melt below 100 °C) has been described as a new potentially viable development in this area due to the increasing interest in the use of such compounds to pretreat lignocellulosic materials and to catalyse the dissolution of cellulose. This manuscript aims to provide an overview on the major representative progress and development of the use of ionic liquids systems for biomass pretreatment and cellulose dissolution. A comparison of the environmental impact of different ionic liquids for the conversion of carbohydrates into useful biofuel intermediates will be described, with their inherent advantages for biomass valorisation processes in terms of unique and tuneable physico-chemical properties.
Differentiation of the Seven Major Lyssavirus Species by Oligonucleotide Microarray (2011)

An oligonucleotide microarray, LyssaChip, has been developed and verified as a highly specific diagnostic tool for differentiation of the 7 major lyssavirus species. As with conventional typing microarray methods, the LyssaChip relies on sequence differences in the 371-nucleotide region coding for the nucleoprotein. This region was amplified using nested reverse transcription-PCR primers that bind to the 7 major lyssaviruses. The LyssaChip includes 57 pairs of species typing and corresponding control oligonucleotide probes (oligoprobes) immobilized on glass slides, and it can analyze 12 samples on a single slide within 8 h. Analysis of 111 clinical brain specimens (65 from animals with suspected rabies submitted to the laboratory and 46 of butchered dog brain tissues collected from restaurants) showed that the chip method was 100% sensitive and highly consistent with the "gold standard," a fluorescent antibody test (FAT). The chip method could detect rabies virus in highly decayed brain tissues, whereas the FAT did not, and therefore the chip test may be more applicable to highly decayed brain tissues than the FAT. LyssaChip may provide a convenient and inexpensive alternative for diagnosis and differentiation of rabies and rabies-related diseases.
A Mechanism for the Reaction of Diethylamine with Nitric Oxide (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Mechanism for the Reaction of Diethylamine with Nitric OxideRussell S. Drago, Ronald O. Ragsdale, and D. P. EymanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 21, 4337–4339Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01482a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01482a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views354Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ph.D. Thesis Proprosal: Transportable Agents (1995)

One of the paradigms that has been suggested for allowing efficient access to remote resources is transportable agents. A transportable agent is a named program that can migrate from machine to machine in a heterogeneous network. The program chooses when and where to migrate. It can suspend its execution at an arbitrary point, transport to another machine and resume execution on the new machine. Transportable agents have several advantages over the traditional client/server model. Transportable agents consume less network bandwidth and do not require a connection between communicating machines -- this is attractive in all networks and particularly attractive in wireless networks. Transportable agents are a convenient paradigm for distributed computing since they hide the communication channels but not the location of the computation. Transportable agents allow clients and servers to program each other. However transportable agents pose numerous challenges such as security, privacy and efficiency. Existing transportable agent systems do not meet all of these challenges. In addition there has been no formal characterization of the performance of transportable agents. This thesis addresses these weakness. The thesis has two parts -- (1) formally characterize the performance of transportable agents through mathematical analysis and network simulation and (2) implement a complete transportable agent system.
Sedimentology of Permian upper part of the Minnelusa Formation, eastern Powder River basin, Wyoming, and a comparison to the subsurface (1993)

Outcrops of the Permian upper part of the Minnelusa Formation near Beulah, Wyoming consist of dolomite, gypsum, and sandstone units deposited in transgressive-regressive cycles. Three depositional cycles are partly exposed in the Simons Ranch anticline near Beulah, and provide an opportunity to view fades of the upper Minnelusa Formation in three dimensions. The cycles observed in outcrop were informally labelled cycle 1, cycle 2, and cycle 3 in ascending stratigraphic order. Cycle 2 contains a basal, laterally extensive sabkha sandstone and an overlying, laterally restricted sandstone that represents a preserved eolian-dune complex. The eolian-dune sandstone of cycle 2 was partially reworked during the marine transgression that initiated cycle 3. The eolian-dune deposit grades laterally into an apron of contorted and massive-bedded sandstones that formed as water-saturated sands liquified and slumped from the margins of the eolian dune. The partially reworked eolian-dune topography was covered by gypsum beds of cycle 3. The sandstone of cycle 3 is interpreted as a laterally continuous sabkha sandstone. West Mellott field (secs. 8, 9, T52N, R68W) represents a subsurface example of the facies and facies relationships observed in outcrop. The eolian-dune sandstone of the C cycle, which was partially reworked by the transgression of themore » B cycle, produces oil at West Mellott. The draping of dolomite and anhydrite of the B cycle on the eolian-dune sandstone of the C cycle is analogous to the draping of gypsum on dune sand in cycle 2 in outcrop.« less
Synthetic models of cation-conducting channels (2001)

Modern channel proteins are complex in structure and marvelous in function. The earliest channels cannot possibly have been so complex but they must have functioned at some modest level. Synthetic chemists have designed a variety of novel structures with the goal of creating a mimic of channel function that is complex enough to function in a bilayer but simple enough to be understood, dissected, and modified. These synthetic model systems are the subject of this article.
How to Take a Soil Sample (1956)

There's nothing complicated about sampling your soil for a soil test. The important thing is that the sample accurately represent the soil of the area being sampled. Here are some guides for getting the best results.
High performance liquid chromatography of glycoconjugates (1988)

Abstract Stationary phases were prepared for the analytical and micropreparative high performance affinity chromatography of carbohydrates and glycoproteins by covalent attachment of lectins and certain biogenic amines to the surface of microparticulate, macroporous diol‐silica. Columns packed with immobilized concanavalin A or wheat germ agglutinin afforded rapid separation of both glycoproteins and low molecular weight carbohydrates. The combined use of the two lectins in a mixed bed column or in two columns in series by sequential elution with the appropriate haptenic sugars facilitated the separation of mixtures having a broad range of complex carbohydrates. Chromatographic experiments for the study of the interaction of certain biogenic amines with immobilized glycoproteins used as the stationary phase led to the development of siliceous bonded phases with serotonin, tryptamine or phenylpropanolamine ligates. The sorbents thus obtained were mildly hydrophobic and cationic in contact with eluents of pH 8 or less. They were used for the separation of various carbohydrates; in addition they also proved effective for the separation of protein mixtures under conditions similar to those customarily employed in electrostatic or hydrophobic interaction chromatography.
Introductory Address (1971)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Performance of equalizers employing a re-training RLS algorithm for digital mobile radio communications (2002)

To improve the transmission performance of high bit-rate digital mobile radio communications in frequency-selective fading environments, a retraining recursive least squares (RT-RLS) algorithm for a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is proposed. Performance evaluation experiments were carried out with a real-time experimental system that includes a DFE implemented by a single-chip digital signal processor (DSP). Experiments were performed by transmitting 250 kbit/s quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) at a maximum Doppler frequency up to 160 Hz. The experiment assumes a two-wave model, in which waves have the same power and fluctuate independently with Rayleigh distribution. A bit error ratio (BER) performance below 10/sup -2/ was realized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nanoparticles Adsorbed at the Water/Oil Interface: Coverage and Composition Effects on Structure and Diffusion (2013)

Dissipative particle dynamics simulations are performed to study the structural and dynamical properties of various systems of nanoparticles accumulated at the water/oil interface. Homogeneous and Janus nanoparticles with different surface compositions are studied. For all nanoparticles, as the surface density increases, a transition from a liquidlike to a solidlike state is observed, as expected. At a high density of nanoparticles, hexagonal structures emerge and the nanoparticles' self-diffusion coefficient decreases because of caging effects. Similar results are observed for nanoparticles with different surface chemistry. Because different nanoparticles have different contact angles at the water/oil interface, the results obtained for systems containing mixed nanoparticles are more interesting. For example, our results show that the self-diffusion coefficient is not a monotonic function of the system composition, caused by the complex relation between hydrodynamic interactions and effective nanoparticle-nanoparticle interactions.
Virtual-Intelligence Applications in Petroleum Engineering: Part 1—Artificial Neural Networks (2000)

Distinguished Author Series articles are general, descriptive representations that summarize the state of the art in an area of technology by describing recent developments for readers who are not specialists in the topics discussed. Written by individuals recognized to be experts in the area, these articles provide key references to more definitive work and present specific details only to illustrate the technology. Purpose: to inform the general readership of recent advances in various areas of petroleum engineering. Summary This is the first article of a three-article series on virtual intelligence and its applications in petroleum and natural gas engineering. In addition to discussing artificial neural networks, the series covers evolutionary programming and fuzzy logic. Intelligent hybrid systems that incorporate an integration of two or more of these paradigms and their application in the oil and gas industry are also discussed in these articles. The intended audience is the petroleum professional who is not quite familiar with virtual intelligence but would like to know more about the technology and its potential. Those with a prior understanding of and experience with the technology should also find the articles useful and informative. Background and Definitions This section covers some historical background of the technology, provides definitions of virtual intelligence and artificial neural networks, and offers more general information on the nature and mechanism of the artificial neural network and its relation to biological neural networks. Virtual intelligence has been referred to by different names. Among these are artificial intelligence, computational intelligence, and soft computing. There seems to be no uniformly acceptable name for this collection of analyticools among the researchers and practitioners of the technology. Of these, artificial intelligence is used the least as an umbrella term because artificial intelligence has historically referred to rule-based expert systems and today is used synonymously with expert systems. Expert systems made many promises of delivering intelligent computers and programs but did not fulfill these promises. Many believe that soft computing is the most appropriate term to use and that virtual intelligence is a subset of soft computing. While this argument has merit, we use the term virtual intelligence throughout these articles.
Isolation of (–)-Kaur-16-en-19-oic acid and 15β-Hydroxy-(–)-kaur-16-en-l9-oic acid from <i>Phebalium rude</i> Bartl (1966)

Two diterpene acids have been isolated from Phebalium rude Bartl. One of these has been identified as (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (1), and the other has been shown to be 15ß-hydroxy-(-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (111). This work appears to provide the first record of the isolation of diterpenes from a member of the Rutaceae.
Using Genetic Algorithms with Local Search for Thin Film Metrology. (1997)

Linoleic acid (LA; 18:2 n-6), the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the US diet, is a precursor to oxidized metabolites that have unknown roles in the brain. Here, we show that oxidized LA-derived metabolites accumulate in several rat brain regions during CO<sub>2</sub>-induced ischemia and that LA-derived 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, but not LA, increase somatic paired-pulse facilitation in rat hippocampus by 80%, suggesting bioactivity. This study provides new evidence that LA participates in the response to ischemia-induced brain injury through oxidized metabolites that regulate neurotransmission. Targeting this pathway may be therapeutically relevant for ischemia-related conditions such as stroke.
Nonstoichiometric Interfaces and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Adhesion with Al and Ag (2000)

We have determined the relative stability of stoichiometric, oxygen-rich, and aluminum-rich Al/Al 2O (3) and Ag/Al 2O (3) interfaces from first principles. Stable structures vary significantly with oxygen chemical potentials. Computed works of adhesion agree reasonably well with sessile drop experimental values, including correlation with measured oxygen chemisorption effects on Ag. The ordering of predicted bond energies of the interfaces, ceramics, and metals seems consistent with monotonic and fatigue fracture experiments.
The relationship between tectonic stresses, joint patterns and landslides in the higher Indian Himalaya (2005)

Tectonic stresses play a major role in the evolution of the present day landscape in the higher Himalayas. One of the principal geological manifestations of these stresses is the spatial orientation of joints and fractures. In this study these planar features and the stresses were correlated with landslides. It is observed that the direction of failure planes of landslides is concentrated either towards minimum stress axis s3 or along the intermediate stress axis s2 but never along the maximum stress axis s1. The results provide the first rational basis towards the relationship of stresses, joint patterns and landslides in the Himalaya and have laid the foundation for further work on the stress – magnitude relationship of landslides for the region.
Optical and dielectric investigations on the electroclinic effect exhibited by a ferroelectric liquid crystal with high spontaneous polarization (1987)

Abstract The electroclinic effect in the smectic A phase of 4-(3-methyl-2-chlorobutanoyloxy)-4'-heptyloxybiphenyl has been investigated. Values up to 10° are obtained for the induced tilt angle, which is proportional to the applied d.c. field. The amplitude of the tilt angle modulation shows exactly the same dependence on temperature and frequency as the dielectric constant which indicates a linear coupling between the tilt angle and the polarization. The relaxation frequency increases linearly with temperature from 0.4 MHz at the SA—S∗C transition to 3.5 MHz near the SA-I clearing point. Optical switching times below 0.5 μs were established.