gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A continuous-time area detector servo demodulator for hard disk drives (2002)

This paper presents a continuous-time servo demodulator for magnetic disk drives implemented as a programmable current-mode operated Gm-C filter. This first order filter consists of pseudo-differential balanced transconductors and of a MOSFET bank array to implement a variable integrating capacitor. Simulation results are presented.
The incredible shrinking city (2011)

Many cities are facing steady declines in population. In many cases, this leads to blight. However, innovative planners can use this situation as an opportunity for creating more desirable urban spaces. Comprehensive recategorization of land using ecological criteria is central to most urban “downsizing” efforts. This land use strategy takes into account the purposes that best suit the land rather than simply considering political influences, social preferences and market demand. Some cities are putting into place mechanisms that allow them to buy up vacant or abandoned properties. These properties can then be kept as part of a land bank. Land banks make it easier to assemble large tracts of property for redevelopment. Plots for urban agriculture and more green space are just two of the many ways that cities can shrink in a more sustainable way. Creating more walkable neighborhoods or improving the transportation infrastructure in accordance with the community’s potential for future growth should also be considered as part of the strategic planning for cities facing declining populations.
Identification of the Optimal Structure Required for a Shiga Toxin Neutralizer with Oriented Carbohydrates to Function in the Circulation (2005)

Shiga toxin (Stx) is a major virulence factor of Stx-producing Escherichia coli. Recently, we developed a therapeutic Stx neutralizer with 6 trisaccharides of globotriaosyl ceramide, a receptor for Stx, in its dendrimer structure (referred to as "SUPER TWIG [1]6") to function in the circulation. Here, we determined the optimal structure of SUPER TWIG for it to function in the circulation and identified a SUPER TWIG with 18 trisaccharides, SUPER TWIG (2)18, as another potent Stx neutralizer. SUPER TWIGs (1)6 and (2)18 shared a structural similarity, a dumbbell shape in which 2 clusters of trisaccharides were connected via a linkage with a hydrophobic chain. The dumbbell shape was found to be required for formation of a complex with Stx that enables efficient uptake and degradation of Stx by macrophages and, consequently, for potent Stx-neutralizing activity in the circulation. We also determined the binding site of the SUPER TWIGs on Stx.
Complete genome sequence and comparative genomic analysis of an emerging human pathogen, serotype V<i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> (2002)

The 2,160,267 bp genome sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae, the leading cause of bacterial sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis in neonates in the U.S. and Europe, is predicted to encode 2,175 genes. Genome comparisons among S. agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and the other completely sequenced genomes identified genes specific to the streptococci and to S. agalactiae. These in silico analyses, combined with comparative genome hybridization experiments between the sequenced serotype V strain 2603 V/R and 19 S. agalactiae strains from several serotypes using whole-genome microarrays, revealed the genetic heterogeneity among S. agalactiae strains, even of the same serotype, and provided insights into the evolution of virulence mechanisms.
The APC (Advanced Process Control) procedure for process window and CDU improvement using DBMs (2008)

The downscaling of the feature size and pitches of the semi-conductor device requires enough process window and good CDU of exposure field for improvement of device characteristics and high yield. Recently several DBMs (Design Based Metrologies) are introduced for the wafer verification and feed back to for DFM and process control. The major applications of DBM are OPC feed back, process window qualification and advanced process control feed back. With these tools, since the applied tool in this procedure uses e-beam scan method with database of design layout like other ones, more precise and quick verification can be done. In this work the process window qualification procedure will be discussed in connection with EDA simulation results and then method for obtaining good CDU will be introduced. DoseMapperTM application has been introduced for better field CDU control, but it is difficult to fully correct large field with limited data from normal CD SEM methodology. New DBM has strong points in collecting lots of data required for large field correction with good repeatability (Intra / Inter field).
Video scanning format conversion and motion estimation (1998)

II Conversion versus standardization............................ 2 III Problems with linear sampling rate conversion applied to video signals2 III.1 Temporal interpolation............................ 3 III.2 Vertical interpolation and interlaced scanning.......... 4
Feasibility of Spacesuit Kinematics and Human-Suit Interactions (2014)

Tucson, Arizona
‘TORUS’: a slotless, toroidal-stator, permanent-magnet generator (1992)

TORUS is a compact electrical machine particularly suitable for use as an engine-driven generator and which, when supplied via suitable switching circuits, can operate as a brushless DC motor to start the engine. The machine is of simple and cheap construction and gives high efficiency. The use of Neodymium-Iron-Boron permanent magnets gives good utilisation and small overall size and weight. Several 2.5 kW prototype machines have been built and tested, and have demonstrated all aspects of performance and capability of the TORUS configuration in the generating mode.
A Bayesian nonparametric approach to tumor detection using UWB imaging (2012)

We develop a tumor detection and discrimination algorithm for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) microwave imaging of breast cancer based on a Bayesian nonparametric approach. We model the UWB backscattered signal as a mixture of distinct scatterer contributions, and use a Dirichlet Process mixture model (DPMM) to describe the amplitudes and delays of the backscattered returns. Because of the unbounded complexity afforded by the DPMM, model under-fitting is avoided and parameters like the clutter covariance matrix in other commonly used approaches, need not be estimated. The DPMM allows us to perform discrimination when there are multiple tumor and clutter sources that present as extended radar targets. After performing discrimination, we distinguish the tumor sources from other clutter sources using a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT). We perform experiments on a breast phantom with realistic dielectric contrast ratios, and compare the performance of our algorithm with a direct GLRT approach. Our numerical results show performance improvement in terms of tumor detection probability and Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) gain of approximately 2.2 dB at a probability of detection of 0.9 over the GLRT method.
Neurotrophic Factors and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (1999)

Recent evidence from animal models of diabetes and human diabetic subjects suggests that the reduced availability of neurotrophic factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Of these proteins, nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin (NT-3) and NT-4/5 appear to be important for the development and maintenance of peripheral neurons, but others, including insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), may also be involved. Studies with NGF, NT-3, IGF-I and IGF-II both in vitro and in animal models of neuropathies (including DPN) suggest that these factors ameliorate nerve degeneration. Recombinant human NGF is the first neurotrophic factor to enter clinical trials for DPN and is currently being tested in two phase III studies.
A neural network implementation of an input access scheme in a high-speed packet switch (2003)

A neural network implementation of an input access scheme in a high-speed packet switch for broadband ISDN (integrated services digital network) is presented. In this switch, each input maintains a separate queue for each output; thus, in an (n*n) switch there will be n/sup 2/ input queues. Using synchronous operation, at most one packet per input and output will be transferred at every slot. A neural network maximizing the throughput of this switch is determined, and the form of the energy function, its optimized parameters, and the connection matrix are given. Simulations with random inputs have yielded results close to optimal throughput. This neural network can be implemented with the existing technology for medium switching sizes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Poly(gamma-glutamylcysteinyl)glycine: its role in cadmium resistance in plant cells. (1987)

Angiosperms can be selected for the ability to grow in the presence of normally toxic concentrations of certain trace metal ions. Addition of Cd and Cu to Cd-resistant Datura innoxia cell cultures results in the rapid synthesis and accumulation of sulfur-rich, metal-binding polypeptides. The structure of these compounds was determined using amino acid analysis, 13C NMR, and site-specific enzymic digestion. These compounds are poly(gamma-glutamylcysteinyl)glycines. Greater than 80% of the cellular Cd is bound to the bis and tris forms in Cd-resistant cells. There is a direct correlation between the maximum accumulation of the metal-binding polypeptides and the concentration of toxic ions to which the cells are resistant. In the presence of metal ions, the polypeptides form multimeric aggregates that can be resolved by gel chromatography. Cd binds to both the high and low molecular weight aggregates, whereas Cu preferentially binds to the higher molecular weight forms. The presence of gamma-carboxamide linkages between glutamyl and adjacent cysteinyl residues indicates that these polypeptides are products of biosynthetic pathways. Poly(gamma-glutamylcysteinyl)glycines bind metals and, in this respect, appear to be functional analogs of the protein metallothionein. However, in the absence of supraoptimal concentrations of trace metal ions, the functions of metallothionein in animals and microorganisms and poly(gamma-glutamylcysteinyl)glycines in plants may differ.
Clinical experience of strain imaging using DENSE for detecting infarcted cardiac segments (2015)

We hypothesised that myocardial deformation determined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will detect myocardial scar. Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE) was used to calculate left ventricular strain in 125 patients (29 women and 96 men) with suspected coronary artery disease. The patients also underwent cine imaging and late gadolinium enhancement. 57 patients had a scar area >1 % in at least one segment, 23 were considered free from coronary artery disease (control group) and 45 had pathological findings but no scar (mixed group). Peak strain was calculated in eight combinations: radial and circumferential strain in transmural, subendocardial and epicardial layers derived from short axis acquisition, and transmural longitudinal and radial strain derived from long axis acquisitions. In addition, the difference between strain in affected segments and reference segments, “differential strain”, from the control group was analysed. In receiver-operator-characteristic analysis for the detection of 50 % transmurality, circumferential strain performed best with area-under-curve (AUC) of 0.94. Using a cut-off value of -17 %, sensitivity was 95 % at a specificity of 80 %. AUC did not further improve with differential strain. There were significant differences between the control group and global strain circumferential direction (-17 % versus -12 %) and in the longitudinal direction (-13 % versus -10 %). Interobserver and scan-rescan reproducibility was high with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) >0.93. DENSE-derived circumferential strain may be used for the detection of myocardial segments with >50 % scar area. The repeatability of strain is satisfactory. DENSE-derived global strain agrees with other global measures of left ventricular ejection fraction.
Locally Compact Vector Spaces and Algebras over Discrete Fields (1968)

The structure of locally compact vector spaces over complete division rings topologized by a proper absolute value (or, more generally, over complete division rings of type V) is summarized in the now classical theorem that such spaces are necessarily finite-dimensional and are topologically isomorphic to the cartesian product of a finite number of copies of the scalar division ring [9, Theorems 5 and 7], [6, pp.27-31].Here we shall continue a study of locally compact vector spaces and algebras over infinite discrete fields that was initiated in [16].Since any topological vector space over a topological division ring K remains a topological vector space if K is retopologized with the discrete topology, some restriction needs to be imposed in our investigation, and the most natural restriction is straightness : A topological vector space F over a topological division ring K is straight if for every nonzero ae E,fa: X -^ Xa is a homeomorphism from K onto the one-dimensional subspace generated by a. Thus if K is discrete, a straight A^-vector space is one all of whose one-dimensional subspaces are discrete.Any Hausdorff vector space over a division ring topologized by a proper absolute value is straight [6, Proposition 2, p. 25].In §1 we shall prove that if F is an indiscrete straight locally compact vector space over an infinite discrete division ring K, then K is an absolutely algebraic field of prime characteristic and [F : K] > X0.In §2 we shall see that finitedimensional subspaces of straight locally compact vector spaces need not be discrete.In §3 we shall see that the validity of the Open Mapping and Closed Graph theorems for straight locally compact vector spaces depends on whether those spaces are generated by compact subsets.In §4 we shall study locally compact algebras of linear operators.In §5 we shall obtain structure theorems for a commutative semisimple straight locally compact algebra over an infinite discrete field ; such an algebra is the topological direct product of a discrete algebra and a local subdirect product of a sequence of algebras, each discrete and algebraically the cartesian product of a family of fields, relative to finite subfields.1. Straight locally compact vector spaces over infinite discrete fields.First we shall determine which infinite discrete division rings admit indiscrete straight
Synthesis of <i>trans</i>‐10,11‐Dihydro‐10,11‐dihydroxy‐5<i>H</i>‐dibenz[<i>b</i>,<i>f</i>]azepine‐5‐carboxamide, a Major Metabolite of Carbamazepine (1987)

Abstract The stereoselectivity of the reduction of 5‐carbamoyl‐10,11‐dihydro‐11‐oxo‐5 H ‐dibenz[ b , f ]azepine‐10‐yl acetate ( 6 ), prepared in two steps from 10,11‐dihydro‐10‐oxo‐5 H ‐dibenz[ b , f ]azepine‐5‐carboxamide ( 4 ), has been studied. Among the reagents used, diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAH) was found to give the highest trans/cis diol ratio. This allowed the preparation of the important trans ‐diol metabolite 3 of carbamazepine ( 1 ).
p63 deficiency activates a program of cellular senescence and leads to accelerated aging (2005)

The p53 tumor suppressor plays a key role in organismal aging. A cellular mechanism postulated to drive the aging process is cellular senescence, mediated in part by p53. Although senescent cells accumulate in elderly individuals, most studies have relied on correlating in vitro senescence assays with in vivo phenotypes of aging. Here, using two different mouse models in which the p53-related protein p63 is compromised, we demonstrate that cellular senescence and organismal aging are intimately linked and that these processes are mediated by p63 loss. We found that p63(+/-) mice have a shortened life span and display features of accelerated aging. Both germline and somatically induced p63 deficiency activates widespread cellular senescence with enhanced expression of senescent markers SA-beta-gal, PML, and p16(INK4a). Using an inducible tissue-specific p63 conditional model, we further show that p63 deficiency induces cellular senescence and causes accelerated aging phenotypes in the adult. Our results thus suggest a causative link between cellular senescence and aging in vivo, and demonstrate that p63 deficiency accelerates this process.
Treatment of Epidermal Pigmented Lesions With the Frequency-Doubled Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser (1994)

The frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd: YAG laser (532 nm) safely and effectively treats benign epidermal pigmented lesions.
Interleukin-6 promotes multiple myeloma cell growth via phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (1996)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mediates autocrine and paracrine growth of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and inhibits tumor cell apoptosis. Abnormalities of retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and mutations of RB gene have been reported in up to 70% of MM patients and 80% of MM-derived cell lines. Because dephosphorylated (activated) pRB blocks transition from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle whereas phosphorylated (inactivated) pRB releases this growth arrest, we characterized the role of pRB in IL-6-mediated MM cell growth. Both phosphorylated and dephosphorylated pRB were expressed in all serum-starved MM patient cells and MM-derived cell lines, but pRB was predominantly in its phosphorylated form. In MM cells that proliferated in response to IL-6, exogenous IL-6 downregulated dephosphorylated pRB and decreased dephosphorylated pRB-E2F complexes. Importantly, culture of MM cells with RB antisense, but not RB sense, oligonucleotide (ODN) triggered IL-6 secretion and proliferation in MM cells; however, proliferation was only partially inhibited by neutralizing anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody (MoAb). In contrast to MM cells, normal splenic B cells express dephosphorylated pRB. Although CD40 ligand (CD40L) triggers a shift from dephosphorylated to phosphorylated pRB and proliferation of B cells, the addition of exogenous IL-6 to CD40L-treated B cells does not alter either pRB or proliferation, as observed in MM cells. These results suggest that phosphorylated pRB is constitutively expressed in MM cells and that IL-6 further shifts pRB from its dephosphorylated to its phosphorylated form, thereby promoting MM cell growth via two mechanisms; by decreasing the amount of E2F bound by dephosphorylated pRB due to reduced dephosphorylated pRB, thereby releasing growth arrest; and by upregulating IL-6 secretion by MM cells and related IL-6-mediated autocrine tumor cell growth.
Why the Business World Likes Technology Education. (2001)

Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) when placed in the uterine cavity is used for contraception or treatment of intrauterine adhesion, but it has become a cause of unintended bladder stone due to wrongful placement or migration. It may cause blood in urine and painful urination. Pelvic ultrasound and X-ray were used to make the diagnosis of the bladder stone with the embedded IUCD, which was removed by open vesicolithotomy through a Pfannenstiel suprapubic incision. Cases such as this are highly preventable if post procedure and routine annual pelvic ultrasonography are emphasized as standard practice following IUCD insertions.
Structure and Synthesis of Cardiac Genins. (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and Synthesis of Cardiac Genins.Richard B. TurnerCite this: Chem. Rev. 1948, 43, 1, 1–42Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60134a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60134a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Basin Evolution and Petroleum Potential of the Nenana and Yukon Flats Basins, Alaska - Abstract (1999)

Relatively little petroleum exploration has taken place in the Nenana and Yukon Flats basins, which lie between 40 and 100 miles of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. Interpretation of surface and subsurface data acquired in both of these basins and the use of basin analogs indicate that they are similar in their overall basin evolution and have significant petroleum potential. Both are extensional, deep, elongated, asymmetrical, fault-bounded basins that formed during the Tertiary. They have a steers head morphology of a relatively narrow deep rift and a superimposed broad thermal subsidence basin. The basin fill consists of the following tectono-stratigraphic sequences: • A lacustrine/alluvial fan sequence (Paleocene to Eocene) that filled the deepest parts of the initial narrow deep rift during the syntectonic phase; • A fluvial sequence (Eocene to Oligocene) that was part of a large regional drainage system which filled the rift depression completely during the quiescent phase; and • A coal bearing sequence (Oligocene-Pliocene) that filled in a broad depression formed during the late thermal subsidence phase.
Cone-beam reconstruction using 1D filtering along the projection of <i>M</i> -lines (2005)

In this paper, three exact formulae are derived for cone-beam reconstruction with source positions on a curve or set of curves. For reconstruction at a single point, these formulae all operate by applying a filtration step followed by a backprojection step to cone-beam data. The filtering is performed along a 1D curve which is defined as the intersection of the detector surface with a filtering plane. Two of these formulae allow a flexibility in the choice of the filtering direction. In some cases, this flexibility allows the efficiency of volume reconstruction to be improved. Alternatively, the flexibility can be used to reduce the detector size necessary to avoid truncation artefacts in the reconstruction or to change the noise properties of the reconstruction.