gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Integrated ISFET pH Microsensor on a CMOS Standard Process (2013)

We present the design and integration of a nine-pH microsensor array on a single silicon substrate with its own signal readout circuit, integrated in a 0.6-μm commercial standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. An ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) has been used as pH microsensor and an instrumentation amplifier as the read-out circuit. The ISFET structure is conformed by the channel length and ratio of MOS transistor, gate extended and the selective membrane, for which silicon nitride (Si3N4) is employed as an ion selective element. The complete design includes shielding around the pH microsensor and the readout circuit to avoid leakage of current to the substrate. The readout circuit is composed by three operational amplifiers and resistances that form the instrumentation amplifier, with a ±2.5 V bias has a 50 dB gain, power supply rejection ratio (PSSR) of 120 dB and common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 127 dB. The complete system is integrated in a 1.12 mm2 silicon area; it presents a 59 mV/pH linearity, within a concentration range of 2 to 12 of pH level, making it a good alternative for biological or medical applications.
Effect of three different storage media on survival of periodontal ligament cells using collagenase–dispase assay (2012)

Egg albumen and propolis may be able to maintain PDL cell viability as well as HBSS.
The effect of gamma-linolenic acid on the growth of human osteogenic sarcoma and oesophageal carcinoma cells in culture. (1984)

A statistically highly significant growth-suppressive effect of the prostaglandin precursor gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) on MG63 human osteogenic sarcoma and oesophageal carcinoma cells in culture was found. In view of the results reported on the growth-suppressive effect of GLA on cancer cells in culture, on transplanted mammary tumours in rats and in primary liver cancer patients, it would appear that further investigation of the effects of this fatty acid on cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo is warranted.
Asynchronous FPGA architectures (1996)

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are of increasing importance as processor support devices, and as computational devices in their only right. Current synchronous FPGA architectures create problems for the implementation of asynchronous circuits, due to their creation of hazards, reordering of signals and lack of arbitration. The paper examines how the first generation of asynchronous FPGA architectures (MONTAGE, PGA-STC and STACC) tackle these problems.
Randomized Phase III Study of Panitumumab With Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Irinotecan (FOLFIRI) Compared With FOLFIRI Alone As Second-Line Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2010)

Panitumumab plus FOLFIRI significantly improved PFS and is well-tolerated as second-line treatment in patients with WT KRAS mCRC.
Expression of the amino acid transporter ATB<sup>0+</sup>in lung: possible role in luminal protein removal (2003)

Normal lung function requires transepithelial clearance of luminal proteins; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of protein transport. Protein degradation followed by transport of peptides and amino acids may play an important role in this process. We previously cloned and functionally characterized the neutral and cationic amino acid transporter ATB 0+ and showed expression in the lung by mRNA analysis. In this study, the tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and function of the transporter in native tissue were investigated. Western blots showed expression of the ATB 0+ protein in mouse lung, stomach, colon, testis, blastocysts, and human lung. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ATB 0+ is predominantly expressed on the apical membrane of ciliated epithelial cells throughout mouse airways from trachea to bronchioles and in alveolar type I cells. Electrical measurements from mouse trachea preparations showed Na + - and Cl − -dependent, amino acid-induced short-circuit current consistent with the properties of ATB 0+ . We hypothesize that, by removing amino acids from the airway lumen, the transporter contributes to protein clearance and, by maintaining a low nutrient environment, plays a role in lung defense.
Container communities: Anti-tampering Wireless Sensor Network for global cargo security (2009)

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement is overwhelmed with the number of containers entering U.S.A. on a regular basis. Although containers are pre-screened and inspected at the time of shipment, it does not necessarily address all security risks. Containers stay en-route for long enough time that their contents can be tempered with or altered according to the procedures/needs of a terrorist attack. Moreover, considering the huge amount of shipments entering U.S. board daily, it is not practical to inspect every container again upon arriving U.S. ports. There is a urgent need to develop a protection system, such that the integrity of the containers can be persevered or at least the intrusion can be detected and properly handled. This paper proposes a design of a comprehensive solution that would monitor containers' integrity from the originating port to the destination port and report any intrusion event if it has taken place so the intruded container can be handled in an appropriate way. More important, the system itself needs to be secure and intrusion resistant. In the proposed system, intrusion detection sensors are deployed on each container, and form a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to report intrusion incidents. A secure and reliable communication protocol has been developed to ensure not only the integrity but also the authenticity of the communication conducted among among sensor nodes. With in the proposed system, not only the intrusions can be identified and properly handled, but also the system itself is attack resistant by utilizing Wireless Sensor Networks in a smart fashion.
Réservoirs passifs d'écrêtement de crue dans les petits bassins sans données hydrométriques (1989)

This article concerns the dimensions of flood peaking on small non-gauged basins, both in what concerns the total foreseeable volume to be held, and the nominal flow of evacuation. A simple rule of dimensionning is proposed without going through the prior determination of a project hydrogramme. A rustic solution is given to the problem of the effect of several flood resevoirs at the outlet of a basin. / Cet article concerne le dimensionnement des ouvrages d'écrêtement de crue sur les petits bassins non jaugés, tant en ce qui concerne le volume total à prévoir pour la retenue, que le débit nominal de vidange. Une règle simple de dimensionnement est proposée sans passer par la détermination préalable d'un hydrogramme de projet. Une solution rustique est apportée au problème de l'effet de plusieurs réservoirs de crues à l'exutoire d'un bassin.
An Introduction to Polyspectra (1965)

The subject of this paper is the higher-order spectra or polyspectra of multivariate stationary time series. The intent is to derive (i) certain mathematical properties of polyspectra, (ii) estimates of polyspectra based on an observed stretch of time series, (iii) certain statistical properties of the proposed estimates and (iv) several applications of the results obtained. As might be expected, in lower order cases the polyspectrum reduces to spectra already considered. If one is considering a single time series, the first order polyspectrum is the usual power spectrum considered in [2], [14], [22], while the second order polyspectrum is the bispectrum considered in [12], [23], [28]. Also, if one is considering a pair of time series the first order polyspectrum is the cross-spectrum considered in [6], [10], [15]. For the case of a single time series the idea of a higher-order spectrum occurs in [3]. The idea has since been developed to a higher level of algebraic and analytic detail in [24]. Also in [24] the notion of considering a spectral representation for a cumulant rather than for a product moment occurs and is acknowledged to be due to Kolmogorov. Another related early paper is [18]. The present paper generalizes the definitions of these papers in the sense that $k$-dimensional time series are considered. Another contribution is a theorem indicating that for a broad class of processes one is wise to restrict consideration to cumulants rather than product moments. Finally it should be noted that the term polyspectrum is due to J. W. Tukey. I have perhaps used the term in a more restricted sense than he would wish in that I have reserved it for the Fourier transform of a cumulant (at the expense of other functions of moments).
Effectiveness of trace sampling for performance debugging tools (1993)

Recently there has been a surge of interest in developing performance debugging tools to help programmers tune their applications for better memory performance [2, 4, 10]. These tools vary both in the detail of feedback provided to the user, and in the run-time overbead of using them. MemSpy [10] is a simulation-based tool which gives programmers detailed statistics on the memory system behavior of applications. It provides information on the frequency and causes of cache misses, and presents it in terms of source-level data and code objects with which the programmer is familiar. However, using MemSpy increases a program's execution time by roughly 10 to 40 fold. This overhead is generally acceptable for applications with execution times of several minutes or less, but it can be inconvenient when tuning applications with very long execution times.This paper examines the use of trace sampling techniques to reduce the execution time overhead of tools like MemSpy. When simulating one tenth of the references, we find that MemSpy's execution time overhead is improved by a factor of 4 to 6. That is, the execution time when using MemSpy is generally within a factor of 3 to 8 times the normal exwution time. With this improved performance, we observe only small errors in the performance statistics reported by MemSpy. On moderate sized caches of 16KB to 128KB, simulating as few as one tenth of the references (in samples of 0.5M references each) allows us to estimate the program's actual cache miss rate with an absolute error no greater than 0.3% on our five benchmarks. These errors are quite tolerable within the context of performance bugging. With larger caches we can also obtain good accuracy by using longer sample lengths. We conclude that, used with care, trace sampling is a powerful technique that makes possible performance debugging tools which provide both detailed memory statistics and low execution time overheads.
New catalysts for the polymerization of diisopropenylbenzenes (1964)

Abstract Linear, high molecular weight, soluble, catalyst‐free polyindanes have been prepared by the polymerization of p ‐diisopropenylbenzene with a series of insoluble complex catalysts. A new synthesis of p ‐diisopropenylbenzene is reported.
Auger Electron Spectroscopy Investigations of the Surface Chemical Composition of Vanadium, the Vanadium Oxides, and Oxidized Vanadium: Chemical Shift and Peak Intensity Analysis (1972)

The Auger spectra of vanadium metal and of the oxides VO0.92, V2O3, and VO2 have been studied. Chemical shifts on the order of 0.6 eV per oxidation number have been observed for the vanadium inner shell Auger transitions. Relative intensities of the oxygen and vanadium Auger peaks could be used to determine the surface composition of the different oxides. Using both the chemical shifts and the oxygen to vanadium Auger peak intensity ratios for the different vanadium oxides, the oxidation of vanadium metal to VO and then to V3O5 with increasing temperature was observed.
Genetics of multiple myeloma: another heterogeneity level? (2015)

Our knowledge of myeloma genetics remained limited and lagged behind many other hematologic malignancies because of the inherent difficulties in generating metaphases within the malignant plasma cell clone. With the development of molecular techniques (microarrays and next-generation sequencing), our understanding has been highly improved in the past 5 years. These studies have not only confirmed the prevalence of wide heterogeneity in myeloma at the molecular level, but has also provided a much clearer picture of the disease pathogenesis and progression. Whether these data will enable improvements in the therapeutic approach is still a matter of debate. The next improvement will come from detailed analyses of these molecular features to try to move from a treatment fitted to every patient to individualized therapies, taking into account the complexity of the chromosomal changes, the mutation spectrum, and subclonality evolution.
In vitro reconstitution of sortase-catalyzed pilus polymerization reveals structural elements involved in pilin cross-linking (2018)

Covalently cross-linked pilus polymers displayed on the cell surface of Gram-positive bacteria are assembled by class C sortase enzymes. These pilus-specific transpeptidases located on the bacterial membrane catalyze a two-step protein ligation reaction, first cleaving the LPXTG motif of one pilin protomer to form an acyl-enzyme intermediate and then joining the terminal Thr to the nucleophilic Lys residue residing within the pilin motif of another pilin protomer. To date, the determinants of class C enzymes that uniquely enable them to construct pili remain unknown. Here, informed by high-resolution crystal structures of corynebacterial pilus-specific sortase (SrtA) and utilizing a structural variant of the enzyme (SrtA<sup>2M</sup>), whose catalytic pocket has been unmasked by activating mutations, we successfully reconstituted in vitro polymerization of the cognate major pilin (SpaA). Mass spectrometry, electron microscopy, and biochemical experiments authenticated that SrtA<sup>2M</sup> synthesizes pilus fibers with correct Lys-Thr isopeptide bonds linking individual pilins via a thioacyl intermediate. Structural modeling of the SpaA-SrtA-SpaA polymerization intermediate depicts SrtA<sup>2M</sup> sandwiched between the N- and C-terminal domains of SpaA harboring the reactive pilin and LPXTG motifs, respectively. Remarkably, the model uncovered a conserved TP(Y/L)XIN(S/T)H signature sequence following the catalytic Cys, in which the alanine substitutions abrogated cross-linking activity but not cleavage of LPXTG. These insights and our evidence that SrtA<sup>2M</sup> can terminate pilus polymerization by joining the terminal pilin SpaB to SpaA and catalyze ligation of isolated SpaA domains in vitro provide a facile and versatile platform for protein engineering and bio-conjugation that has major implications for biotechnology.
S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine is a Potent Inhibitor of Neutrophil-Endothelial Interaction (1993)

Inhibition of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes' adherence to the endothelium and their consequent activation represents a novel approach to the treatment of those diseases in which PMNs play an important role. In this study, we observed the effects of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a nitrosothiol nitric oxide (NO) donor, on cat PMN adherence to autologous coronary vascular endothelium and activated PMN-induced vasocontraction with accompanying endothelial dysfunction. SNAP, at concentrations between 2.5 nM to 250 nM, dilated cat coronary artery rings in a concentration-dependent manner with peak vasodilator responses occurring at 50 nM. Addition of 1 nM SNAP, a concentration at which no significant vasorelaxation occurred, significantly inhibited leukotriene B4 (LTB4 activated PMN adherence to normal endothelium (p < 0.05). Inhibition of endothelial NO formation by N -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester induced a two- to three-fold increase of PMN adherence to the endothelium, which was almost completely prevented by 1 nM-SNAP (p < 0.001). Moreover, addition of InM-SNAP also significantly decreased LTB4 activated PMN-induced vasocontraction and prevented endothelial dysfunction. These results indicate that SNAP has significant anti-PMN effects, and may have particular utility in preventing tissue injury associated with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
Geometric modeling with multivariate box-splines (1986)

The tensor product B-spline surface, while regarded as a powerful boundary representation for computer aided geometric design (CAGD), still suffers restrictions because of its inherent rectangular nature. One manifestation of this problem is the difficulty of modelling nonrectangular regions. The need for three, five, and six-sided regions often arises naturally in CAGD. In recent years, the theory of univariate B-splines has been extended to multidimensional spaces. These multivariate splines provide generalizations of the univariate spline that preserve desirable features while providing more general domains.
This thesis investigates the use of a parametric box spline surface representation over a three direction grid to define spline surfaces over three, four, five, and six-sided regions. Results are reported showing adaptive refinement of box spline surfaces and applications to display of shaded raster images and isoparametric curves. Modelling experiments which exploit the new capabilities provided by the box spline surface including nontensor product rectangular surfaces, nonrectangular surfaces, and hybrid nonrectangular regions composed of both box spline and tensor product surfaces are presented as well. Conditions for maintaining tangent plane continuity between nonuniform tensor product B-spline surfaces and box splines are developed.
Phase Shifts and the Doppler Effect (1956)

If the path between a source S and an observer O is changed by an amount Δx, the phase of the wave received by O is shifted by Δn = −Δx/λ = −fΔx/c, where λ and f are, respectively, the wavelength and frequency of the disturbance and c is the speed of propagation, all measured by an observer fixed in the medium. The resulting change in observed frequency is Δf = Δn/Δt, where Δt is the time taken for the observation of the phase change. It is shown that these two statements are sufficient for the derivation of the acoustic Doppler effect equations in all cases. The extension to the relativistic optical Doppler effect also follows if the Einstein time dilatation is taken into account.
Chinese Named Entity Recognition Based on CNN-BiLSTM-CRF (2018)

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an important basic task in natural language processing (NLP). In recent years, the method of word representations enhancement by character embedding has significantly enhanced the effect of entity recognition. However, this kind of character embedding method only works on alphabetic spelling words such as English, and the same method is not suitable for Chinese. Aiming at the inherent characteristics of Chinese as morpheme writing, we propose a novel neural network model based on CNN-BiLSTM-CRF in this paper. Convolution neural network (CNN) extracts the glyph embeddings with morphological features from each Chinese character, which are concatenated with the character embeddings with semantic feature information and fed to the BiLSTM-CRF network. We evaluate our model on the third SIGHAN Bakeoff MSRA dataset for simplified Chinese NER task. The experimental results show that our model reaches 91.09% in F-scores which does not rely on the hand-designed features and domain knowledge.
Degumming and refining practices in Europe (1976)

Abstract European practices for degumming and refining various vegetable oils are reviewed. Special attention is given to specific processes differing from those commonly used in the U.S. and to the practical problems of day‐to‐day operations.
Proto-oncogene c-ros codes for a molecule with structural features common to those of growth factor receptors and displays tissue specific and developmentally regulated expression. (1986)

A recombinant DNA clone containing cellular sequences homologous to the transforming sequence, v-ros, of avian sarcoma virus UR2 was isolated from a chicken genomic DNA library. Heteroduplex mapping and nucleotide sequencing reveal that the v-ros sequences are distributed in nine exons ranging from 65 to 204 nucleotides on cellular ros (c-ros) DNA over a range of 11 kilobases. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of c-ros and v-ros shows two differences: v-ros contains a three-amino-acid insertion within the hydrophobic domain presumed to be involved in membrane association, and (ii) the carboxyl 12 amino acids of v-ros are completely different from those of the deduced c-ros sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of c-ros bears striking structural features similar to those of insulin and epidermal growth factor receptors, including the presumed hydrophobic membrane binding domain, amino acids flanking the domain, and the distance between the domain and the catalytic region of the kinase activity. The expression of c-ros appears to be under a very stringent control. When tissues at various stages of chicken development were analyzed, only kidney was found to contain a significant level of c-ros RNA. The level of c-ros RNA in kidney tissue is most abundant in 7- to 14-day-old chickens. Finally, nucleotide sequences of c-ros DNA and UR2-associated helper viral genome at regions corresponding to the gag ros recombination site suggest that the junction has been formed by RNA splicing.
Application of input-signal design in system identification for adaptive control (1986)

Abstract An alternative approach to indirect adaptive control is considered. The proposed algorithm uses the input-signal design (probing action) in parameter estimation for the control (control action) of linear systems with unknown parameters. The probing-action input under the amplitude constraint is selected in order to achieve the parameter estimates that are most accurate with respect to the determinant ratio of the parameter covariance matrix. The control-action input is given by the cautious control law (CAUT) or alternatively by the active adaptive-control (AAC) law. The case of amplitude-constrained control input is also investigated. The parameter estimates obtained from the probing-action experiment are used to update the control-action scheme. During the control action it is still possible to update the controller parameters. For the adaptive control problem of finite horizon N = N1 + N2, it seems that an optimum action exists between the probing action of length N1 and the control action of length N2. This heuristic reasoning is illustrated by simulations. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the innovation dual-control (IDC) approach.
Preparation of N<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> Triggered Reversibly Coagulatable and Redispersible Latexes by Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene with a Reactive Switchable Surfactant (2012)

This work reports the development of a reversibly coagulatable and redispersible polystyrene latex system that can be triggered by N(2)/CO(2). The coagulatability and redispersibility of the latexes were achieved by employing 0.9-5.6 wt % (N-amidino)dodecyl acrylamide (DAm), a reactive switchable surfactant, in an emulsion polymerization of styrene under CO(2) atmosphere. The resulted latex particles were readily coagulated by N(2) bubbling at 60 °C and redispersed by CO(2) bubbling and ultrasonication, which switched amidine moieties between neutral and ionic states. The coagulation/redispersion processes were repeatable. The prepared latexes showed good stabilities against electrolytes, especially with higher charges.