gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aminopropyl silica gel as a solid support for preparation of glycolipid immunoadsorbent and purification of antibodies. (1979)

Aminopropyl silica gel was prepared from porous silica gel and was used as a solid support for immunoadsorbent in the purification of anti-glycolipid antibodies. For neutral glycosphingolipids, a carboxyl function was generated by oxidation of the olefinic double bond of the sphingosine moiety, whereas for gangliosides the carboxyl group of sialic acid was used to couple with aminopropyl silica gel in the presence of a carbodiimide. These compounds were used for purifying anti-glycolipid antibodies from serum of immunized rabbits. The antibodies bound to the su-strate were released by 2 M potassium thiocyanate and their immunological properties were studied. Aminopropyl silica gel may be preferred over conventional organic solid supports for the following reasons: 1) faster flow rate; 2) higher capacity; 3) easier handling; 4) more economical; and 5) lower susceptibility to microbial attack.
22 Translationally Coupled Degradation of mRNA in Eukaryotes (1996)

The abundance of cytoplasmic messenger RNA in a cell is determined by both the rate of synthesis of the mRNA (i.e., its transcription rate) and the rate at which the mRNA is degraded. Thus, both processes contribute equally to gene expression. If the cell is to change the level of an mRNA rapidly, then it would be advantageous for that mRNA to be short-lived, so that it could respond to rapid changes in transcription. Similarly, a long half-life would be useful if an mRNA was to encode a protein that is needed in great abundance. Therefore, it would seem likely that different mRNAs would have different stabilities, depending on their cellular role. It is becoming increasingly clear that protein synthesis may have a role in mRNA degradation. There are many examples in which the inhibition of protein synthesis stabilizes mRNA (see below). In principle, this increase in mRNA stability could be a result of the decay of a labile factor, or that the translation machinery itself is involved in the degradation of mRNA. We have limited this discussion to mechanisms of mRNA degradation in eukaryotes; for a recent review of the role of translation in prokaryotic mRNA degradation, see Peterson (1993). In the first part of this chapter, we focus on the degradation of specific mRNAs that carry message instability elements; the second part deals with a global mechanism for degradation of mRNA. EXAMPLES OF SPECIFIC mRNAS IN WHICH TRANSLATION IS COUPLED TO DEGRADATION β -Tubulin One of the best studied...
Open World Planning in the Situation Calculus (2000)

We describe a forward reasoning planner for open worlds that uses domain specific information for pruning its search space, as suggested by (Bacchus &amp; Kabanza 1996; 2000). The plan-ner is written in the situation calculus-based programming language GOLOG, and it uses a situation calculus axiomati-zation of the application domain. Given a sentence to prove, the planner regresses it to an equivalent sentence about the initial situation, then invokes a theorem prover to determine whether the initial database entails and hence . We de-scribe two approaches to this theorem proving task, one based on compiling the initial database to prime implicate form, the other based on Relsat, a Davis/Putnam-based procedure. Fi-nally, we report on our experiments with open world planning based on both these approaches to the theorem proving task.
Effect of the Type of Base and Number of Reaction Steps on the Degree of Quaternization and Molecular Weight of<i>N</i>-Trimethyl Chitosan Chloride (2001)

N-Trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), a chemically modified derivative of chitosan, is the first chitosan derivative shown to be an effective absorption enhancer for peptide and protein drugs across mucosal epithelia. TMC is synthesized by reductive methylation with methyl iodide in the presence of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide. In this reaction, the primary amino group on the C-2 position of chitosan is changed to a quaternary amino group. The charge density, as determined by the degree of quaternization, and probably also the molecular weight of TMC are important factors that influence the absorption enhancement effect and toxicity of this polymer. The molecular weight of the starting polymer decreases during the synthesis procedure due to factors such as the strong alkaline environment and elevated experimental temperatures. This study investigated the effects of two different bases, sodium hydroxide and dimethyl amino pyridine, together with a varying number and duration of reaction steps, on the degradation and the degree of quaternization of TMC polymers. 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra showed a major increase in the degree of quaternization (21%-59%) of TMC with an increase in the number of reaction steps when sodium hydroxide was used as the base. Intrinsic viscosity values indicated that the use of dimethyl amino pyridine did not cause polymer degradation to the same extent as sodium hydroxide, but that the degree of quaternization of TMC stayed low (7.3%-9.6%) even when the number of reaction steps was increased. A combination of the two bases did not reduce polymer degradation, while the degree of quaternization was limited to relatively low values (12.5%-34.4%).
Improved diabetic wound healing through topical silencing of p53 is associated with augmented vasculogenic mediators (2010)

Diabetes is characterized by several poorly understood phenomena including dysfunctional wound healing and impaired vasculogenesis. p53, a master cell cycle regulator, is upregulated in diabetic wounds and has recently been shown to play a regulatory roles in vasculogenic pathways. We have previously described a novel method to topically silence target genes in a wound bed with small interfering (si)RNA. We hypothesized that silencing p53 results in improved diabetic wound healing and augmentation of vasculogenic mediators. Paired 4-mm stented wounds were created on diabetic db/db mice. Topically applied p53 siRNA, evenly distributed in an agarose matrix, was applied to wounds at postwound day 1 and 7 (matrix alone and nonsense siRNA served as controls). Animals were sacrificed at postwound days 10 and 24. Wound time to closure was photometrically assessed, and wounds were harvested for histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Vasculogenic cytokine expression was evaluated via Western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ANOVA/t-test was used to determine significance (p≤ 0.05). Local p53 silencing resulted in faster wound healing with wound closure at 18±1.3 d in the treated group vs. 28±1.0 d in controls. The treated group demonstrated improved wound architecture at each time point while demonstrating near-complete local p53 knockdown. Moreover, treated wounds showed a 1.92-fold increase in CD31 endothelial cell staining over controls. Western blot analysis confirmed near-complete p53 knockdown in treated wounds. At day 10, VEGF secretion (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was significantly increased in treated wounds (109.3±13.9 pg/mL) vs. controls (33.0±3.8 pg/mL) while reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated a 1.86-fold increase in SDF-1 expression in treated wounds vs. controls. This profile was reversed after the treated wounds healed and before closure of controls (day 24). Augmented vasculogenic cytokine profile and endothelial cell markers are associated with improved diabetic wound healing in topical gene therapy with p53 siRNA.
Proligands with protease‐regulated binding activity identified from cell‐displayed prodomain libraries (2009)

A general method was developed for the discovery of protease-activated binding ligands, or proligands, from combinatorial prodomain libraries displayed on the surface of E. coli. Peptide libraries of candidate prodomains were fused with a matrix metalloprotease-2 substrate linker to a vascular endothelial growth factor-binding peptide and sorted using a two-stage flow cytometry screening procedure to isolate proligands that required protease treatment for binding activity. Prodomains that imparted protease-mediated switching activity were identified after three sorting cycles using two unique library design strategies. The best performing proligand exhibited a 100-fold improvement in apparent binding affinity after exposure to protease. This method may prove useful for developing therapeutic and diagnostic ligands with improved systemic targeting specificity.
Erbium-doped fibre pre-amplifier with an integral band-pass filter (1993)

The authors have shown that significant optical gain improvements can be achieved by inserting a narrow band-pass filter within the erbium-doped fibre amplifiers length to suppress the built-up of both forward and backward ASE powers, accompanied by a noise figure reduction of 0.6-0.8 dB. The optimum filter position is found to be around 48% and 42% from the input end of the total amplifier length for 1.48 mu m and 0.98 mu m pump wavelengths respectively.
War came to the Iowa community (1942)

On April 6, 1917, the United States of America declared war. Throughout the country communities marshalled forces to meet the situation. Today the United States is engaged in another war, which is creating problems of social and economic war planning on dimensions greater than those of the war in 1917-18.\nAs the defense effort expands each community will face a notable increase in organized group activities, in new integrating organizations, heightened enthusiasm expressed in rallies and campaigns, new regulations of private lives.\nEveryone today recognizes that war involves readjustments in our society. Economic and political adjustments are obviously serious. Equally drastic are the necessary modifications in family life, in churches, in recreation, in education, in the innumerable activities which in peacetime follow so normal a routine that we accept them as a matter of course. These problems are no less vital to the welfare of our people than the effects of war upon land values and prices of farm products. The preservation of a democratic way of life depends upon the actions and attitude of all members of the nation in their local communities. The successful adjustment of individuals to these changes, and the organization of our energies for effective prosecution of the war require an understanding of the problems which will be involved.
An End-to-end Neural Natural Language Interface for Databases (2018)

The ability to extract insights from new data sets is critical for decision making. Visual interactive tools play an important role in data exploration since they provide non-technical users with an effective way to visually compose queries and comprehend the results. Natural language has recently gained traction as an alternative query interface to databases with the potential to enable non-expert users to formulate complex questions and information needs efficiently and effectively. However, understanding natural language questions and translating them accurately to SQL is a challenging task, and thus Natural Language Interfaces for Databases (NLIDBs) have not yet made their way into practical tools and commercial products. In this paper, we present DBPal, a novel data exploration tool with a natural language interface. DBPal leverages recent advances in deep models to make query understanding more robust in the following ways: First, DBPal uses a deep model to translate natural language statements to SQL, making the translation process more robust to paraphrasing and other linguistic variations. Second, to support the users in phrasing questions without knowing the database schema and the query features, DBPal provides a learned auto-completion model that suggests partial query extensions to users during query formulation and thus helps to write complex queries.
The effect of dimensional scaling on the erase characteristics of NOR flash memory (2003)

In this letter, new limitations on the NOR flash cell scaling have been presented. As cell scaling is continued, a parasitic capacitance between floating gate and bitline contact induces a large disturbance to the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling characteristics due to a coupling ratio variation, resulting in a much broader erase threshold distribution. Theoretical analysis including MEDICI simulations confirms the effects of parasitic capacitance on the erase threshold of NOR flash cells.
Diamagnetic capture in single wire HGMS (1979)

Collection of diamagnetic particles is shown to be made possible and practical in HGMS by dissolving a paramagnetic salt in the slurry. After a brief review of theoretical concepts it is shown that forces in diamagnetic HGMS collection can be made comparable to those in paramagnetic particle collection. Results of diamagnetic particle buildup with time on a single nickel wire in the axial configuration are shown to follow a similar law as in the paramagnetic case. Pictures of diamagnetic buildup on a single wire are given.
Autobalanced Ramsey Spectroscopy (2018)

We devise a perturbation-immune version of Ramsey's method of separated oscillatory fields. Spectroscopy of an atomic clock transition without compromising the clock's accuracy is accomplished by actively balancing the spectroscopic responses from phase-congruent Ramsey probe cycles of unequal durations. Our simple and universal approach eliminates a wide variety of interrogation-induced line shifts often encountered in high precision spectroscopy, among them, in particular, light shifts, phase chirps, and transient Zeeman shifts. We experimentally demonstrate autobalanced Ramsey spectroscopy on the light shift prone ^{171}Yb^{+} electric octupole optical clock transition and show that interrogation defects are not turned into clock errors. This opens up frequency accuracy perspectives below the 10^{-18} level for the Yb^{+} system and for other types of optical clocks.
Interdigital Band-Pass Filters (1962)

The design of band-pass filters using interdigital arrays of resonator line elements between parallel ground planes is discussed. Two approximate design procedures are described, both of which permit design directly from lumped element, low-pass, prototype filters. Both design procedures will work for either narrow or wide-band filters, but one procedure gives more practical dimensions for filters having wide bandwidths (such as an octave), while the other gives more practical dimensions for filters having narrow or moderate bandwidth. The resulting filters are very compact, have relatively noncritical manufacturing tolerances, and strong stop bands with the second pass band centered at three times the center frequency of the first pass band. The dimensions and measured performance curves are presented for a 10 per cent bandwidth design and an octave bandwidth design.
The biosynthesis of <i>N</i>-phosphorylcreatine: an investigation of the postulated alternative pathway (1961)

Before 1956 it was generally accepted that the sole pathway for the synthesis of N-phosphorylcreatine was the reaction catalysed by creatine phosphoryltransferase:
La facultad de iniciativa probatoria ex officio iudicis en nuestro derecho procesal (2012)

Uno de los topicos mas extendidos y aceptados en la doctrina procesal se fundamenta en la asuncion de la tesis que entiende la capacidad de iniciativa probatoria como facultad circunscrita al especifico ambito de actuacion de las partes en el proceso. Sin embargo, el juego de los principios dispositivo y acusatorio en los correlativos procesos civil y penal necesariamente no supone ningun obstaculo que cierre el ejercicio natural de cierta capacidad de iniciativa probatoria ex officio iudicis, entendida en todo caso como complemento necesario y auxilio del principio de aportacion de parte.
<title>Production, performance, and reliability of fused couplers</title> (1999)

It has been twenty years since the first fused fiber optic coupler was made and remarkable progress has been achieved during this period on the production, performance, and reliability of these devices. Several million fused couplers have now been produced and placed into service. Applications have included test instrumentation, both outside plant and central office telephony applications, cable TV systems, sensors, optical amplifiers, DWDM systems, and submarine repeaters, to mention a few. To meet the increased production requirements, significant work has been done to make the process more flexible and thereby more amenable to automation and computerization. Modern fused coupler operations are highly automated and can make a large variety of products by simply changing a computer file. Similar improvements have also been made in high volume testing so that sophisticated tests of a number of parameters can be performed in a matter of minutes. As the volume and variety of the products have increased over the years, so has the performance. Improvements have been made in reducing excess loss, polarization effects, and wavelength dependence. In addition, higher port count devices (1 X 3, 1 X 4, etc.) have been developed. Numerous studies have been conducted over the years to determine the reliability of these devices. The introduction of glass-to-glass sealing techniques to isolate the fused region by bonding the fibers directly to the quartz substrate significantly improved the stability and long term reliability of these devices. The state-of-the-art production, performance, and reliability of fused coupler technology will be reviewed in this paper.
Temperature-Dependent EXAFS Study on Supported Silver and Palladium Clusters: Comparison of Their Interatomic Potentials with Those of Bulk Metals (1990)

Temperature-dependent Ag and Pd K-edge extended X-ray-absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectra were measured for SiO 2 -supported small Ag and Pd metal clusters and their corresponding bulk metals. The EXAFS analysis using the cumulant expansion technique reveals that the Debye temperature is significantly lower and the thermal expansion coefficient is larger for the small metal clusters compared with the bulk metals. The EXAFS results thus obtained allow us to describe interatomic potential curves of the bulk metals and the metal clusters by use of a Morse potential function. The resultant dissociation energies of the small metal clusters are actually smaller than those of the corresponding bulk metals. It is quantitatively demonstrated that the surface metal atoms of the clusters have shallower and more anharmonic interatomic potentials.
Brain ERPs of depressed patients to complex tones in an oddball task: Relation of reduced P3 asymmetry to physical anhedonia (1998)

Event-related potentials to binaural complex tones were recorded from 40 depressed outpatients and 22 normal control participants at 30 electrode sites. Patients did not differ from control participants in N1 or P3 amplitude but showed greater N2. N2 was greater over right than over the left hemisphere at lateral sites in patients and control participants. A P3 asymmetry was found for control participants and patients with low scores on a physical anhedonia scale, but not for patients with high anhedonia scores. Topographic (local Laplacian) maps corresponding to P3 showed greater radial current flow over right than over left central regions in control participants. Patients with high anhedonia did not show this asymmetry, whereas patients with low anhedonia showed an intermediate asymmetry. These findings support the hypothesis that anhedonic depression is associated with dysfunction of right hemisphere mechanisms mediating the processing of complex pitch information.
Motor proteins in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1995)

A number of myosins have been identified in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), an organism ideally suited to dissecting out their different functions. We have learned that a temperature-sensitive defect in one of these myosins (Myo2p) can be partially overcome by overexpression of a kinesin-like protein (Smy1p). This raises the possibility of the involvement of microtubules in the same function as Myo2p. However, we have been unable to demonstrate that this is the case, either using nocodazole to depolymerize microtubules or by altering the nucleotide-binding site of Smy1p. Key words: myosin, kinesin-related protein, cytoskeleton.
2010밴쿠버동계올림픽 대한올림픽위원회 공식후원사 TV스폰서십 효과 분석 (2010)

이 연구는 2010밴쿠버올림픽 대한올림픽위원회 공식후원사의 TV 스폰서십 노출효과를 분석하여 향후 기업의 올림픽 마케팅의 기초 자료를 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 분석에 사용된 공식후원사는 RYN코리아와 수협은행이었다. 분석매체는 TV이며, 분석기간은 2010년 2월 13일~3월 1일 이었다. 분석해당매체로서 TV뉴스는 공중파 4개 채널(KBS1, KBS2, MBC, SBS) 및 케이블 1개 채널(YTN)이었다. TV프로그램은 공중파 3개 채널(KBS1, MBC, SBS)및 케이블 3개 채널(SBS스포츠, SBS CNBC, SBS골프)을 대상으로 분석하였다. 분석방법은 Event Index (E.I.)와 스폰서 브랜드의 미디어 노출 효과인 SMS Sponsor Index (S.I.)를 사용하였다. 스폰서의 미디어 노출분석은 CPT방식(CPT based calculation)을 채택하여 분석하였다. 이상의 연구 분석방법을 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, TV(뉴스 및 프로그램)의 전체 노출효과는 44억 9,875만원이었다. 둘째, 후원사별 노출효과는 RYN코리아가 39억 1,744만원, 수협은행은 5억 8,130만원의 노출효과를 보였다. 셋째, 2008년 베이징하계올림픽과 비교하면 TV뉴스는 36.7% 감소했지만, TV 프로그램에서는 690% 증가하였다. 넷째, 2006년 토리노동계올림픽(훼르자)과 2010년의 밴쿠버동계올림픽(RYN)의 선수단복 노출효과를 비교하면 8배의 증가를 보였다. 다섯째, TV 뉴스를 분석하면 방송사별로는 SBS 채널(11억 5,581), 행사별로는 귀국기자회견(7억 2,238만원), 노출항목별로는 RYN코리아의 유니폼( 19억 1,337만원)이 가장 큰 노출효과를 나타냈다. 여섯째, TV 프로그램을 분석하면 방송사는 SBS 채널(10억 4,199만원), 행사별로는 올림픽선수단 환영음악회(5억 9,416만원), 노출항목별로는 RYN코리아의 유니폼(14억 7375만원)이 가장 큰 노출효과를 나타냈다.
Methods and sensors for accurate wavefront measurements (2006)

The wavefront measurement is an important part both in adaptive optics and in optical shop testing. A number of wavefront sensors based on interferometric or on Hartmann principle is known; this thesis investigates particular technologies that can help to increase the accuracy and/or speed of existing wavefront sensors either by optimising the wavefront reconstruction algorithm or by optimising the hardware. The topics discussed are interferogram analysis, optimising of the Hartmann mask geometry, and design of a 2D heterodyne phase detector.
Selective Hydrocracking of n-Paraffins in Jet Fuels (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Hydrocracking of n-Paraffins in Jet FuelsNai Y. Chen and William E. GarwoodCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1978, 17, 4, 513–518Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260068a021https://doi.org/10.1021/i260068a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Randomized, blinded trial of weekend vs daily prednisone in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2011)

This study provides Class I evidence that weekend prednisone dosing is as safe and effective as daily prednisone in preserving muscle strength and preventing body mass index increases in boys with DMD over a 12-month period.