gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on Methylene Methyl Disulfonate (MMDS) and 1,3-Propane Sultone (PS) as Electrolyte Additives for Li-Ion Batteries (2014)

The effectiveness of two electrolyte additives, 1,3-propane sultone (PS) and methylene methanedisulfonate (MMDS) either singly or in combination with vinylene carbonate (VC) has been studied. Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 (NMC)/Graphite pouch cells containing these additives were studied using ultra high precision coulometry, automated storage experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The two additives have the same SO3 functional group but it seems PS is more widely used by battery manufacturers. When used alone, both additives decrease the charge transfer impedance during cycling while MMDS shows better coulombic efficiency and lower charge end point capacity slippage rate than PS. Compared with 2% VC, MMDS in combination with 2% VC significantly improves the coulombic efficiency and the charge slippage rate, reduces the charge transfer impedance during cycling and decreases the voltage drop during storage while the addition of PS to VC-containing electrolyte does not show this added benefit. Compared to PS, MMDS seems to be a more beneficial additive for improving cell performance.
Transmission Network Fault Location Observability With Minimal PMU Placement (2006)

This paper presents a concept of fault-location observability and a new fault-location scheme for transmission networks based on synchronized phasor measurement units (PMUs). Using the proposed scheme, minimal PMUs are installed in existing power transmission networks so that the fault, if it occurs, can be located correctly in the network. The scheme combines the fault-location algorithm and the fault-side selector. Extensive simulation results verify the proposed scheme.
Expanded RNA-binding activities of mammalian Argonaute 2 (2009)

Mammalian Argonaute 2 (Ago2) protein associates with microRNAs (miRNAs) or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) forming RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs/miRNPs). In the present work, we characterize the RNA-binding and nucleolytic activity of recombinant mouse Ago2. Our studies show that recombinant mouse Ago2 binds efficiently to miRNAs forming active RISC. Surprisingly, we find that recombinant mouse Ago2 forms active RISC using pre-miRNAs or long unstructured single stranded RNAs as guides. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, in vivo, endogenous human Ago2 binds directly to pre-miRNAs independently of Dicer, and that Ago2:pre-miRNA complexes are found both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of human cells.
Tomographic Clustering To Visualize Blog Communities as Mountain Views (2005)

Blogs have created a fast growing social network on the Internet. However ranking solutions are not sufficient to capture relationships between important blogs and between communities. In our paper, we combine blog rankings with their social connections to provide a framework to understand multiple blog communities. A novel mountain view visualization is provided to explore different communities of interest in blogspace. The mountain views are generated using a tomographic clustering algorithm on the blog social network. The mountain view shows mountains of communities consisting of connected blogs. Peaks and valleys of the mountain view depict representative blogs as community authorities and community connectors, respectively. We developed a retrieval and exploratory system to illustrate this framework, and perform initial experiments to validate the results.
Xeno-repopulation of Fah−/−Nod/Scid mice livers by human hepatocytes (2011)

Functional human hepatocytes xenografted into the liver of mice can be used as a model system to study pharmacokinetics, infection of hepatitis viruses, and the efficacy of hepatitis vaccines. Significant levels of liver xeno-repopulation have been reported in Fah (-/-) Rag2 (-/-) Il2rg (-/-) mice. However, A new model, termed Fah (-/-) Nod/Scid mice, which combines the advantages of liver repopulation in Fah (-/-) mice with the ease of xenotransplantation in Nod/Scid mice was obtained by gradual cross-breeding. Fah (-/-) Nod/Scid mice were easily maintained in breeding colonies and in adult animal care facilities. FK506 treatment combined with gradual withdrawal of NTBC before cell transplantation ensured that Fah (-/-) Nod/Scid mice were susceptible to liver xeno-repopulation by human hepatocytes; the proportion of engrafted human hepatocytes reached 33.6%. The function of the expanded human hepatocytes within the chimeric liver was confirmed by weight curve analysis, the expression of characteristic proteins, and the biochemical analysis of liver function. These results show that Fah (-/-) Nod/Scid mice are an ideal humanized liver mouse model with many useful applications.
Access to an X.500 directory service via ADSI screen phones (2002)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a directory service for analog screen phones on an ADSI platform. The Alcanet ADSI directory service (AADS) gives the users of the public telephone network easy-to-use access to a corporate white pages directory which is offered on an external X.500/LDAP directory server.
Isolation of a substance that suppresses feeding in locusts (1968)

J. H. Butterworth and E. D. Morgan, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 23 DOI: 10.1039/C19680000023
Design and fabrication of MEMS-based microneedle arrays for medical applications (2009)

Fabrication results for MEMS-based microneedle arrays are presented in this paper. The microneedle array was fabricated by employing a bi-mask technique to facilitate sharp tips, a cylindrical body and side openings. The presented array has advantages over previously published microneedle arrays in terms of ease of fabrication and bonding; high needle density and robustness; and side openings, which are expected to minimize the potential for clogging from skin debris during insertion. In addition, control over the process via etch-stop markers employed as stop layers, which assure the depth of long blind holes and the structure of the needle top, allows for different needle lengths and needle top structures to be easily implemented. The preliminary fluid flow and insertion experiments were performed to demonstrate the efficiency of the microneedle arrays.
Stochastic Receptor Expression Determines Cell Fate upon Interferon Treatment (2011)

Type I interferons trigger diverse biological effects by binding a common receptor, composed of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. Intriguingly, while the activation of an antiviral state is common to all cells, antiproliferative activity and apoptosis affect only part of the population, even when cells are stimulated with saturating interferon concentrations. Manipulating receptor expression by different small interfering RNA (siRNA) concentrations reduced the fraction of responsive cells independent of the interferon used, including a newly generated, extremely tight-binding variant. Reduced receptor numbers increased 50% effective concentrations (EC(50)s) for alpha interferon 2 (IFN-α2) but not for the tight-binding variant. A correlation between receptor numbers, STAT activation, and gene induction is observed. Our data suggest that for a given cell, the response is binary (+/-) and dependent on the stochastic expression levels of the receptors on an individual cell. A low number of receptors suffices for antiviral response and is thus a robust feature common to all cells. Conversely, a high number of receptors is required for antiproliferative activity, which allows for fine-tuning on a single-cell level.
Plaque‐media rewelding with reversible tissue optical property changes during receptive CW Nd:YAG laser exposure (1988)

Laser dosimetry for thermal fusion of plaque-wall separations during laser balloon angioplasty (LBA) is dependent upon the optical properties of the atheromatous arterial wall during one or more exposures to cw Nd:YAG laser radiation. An integrating sphere technique was used to measure relative transmission and reflection continuously during irradiation of human postmortem atheromatous aortic sections. Tissue luminal surface temperature was recorded continuously with a thermographic video imager during repetitive 20-30-sec, 8-15-watt exposure of a 3-mm nominal spot. In all specimens, transmission fell progressively during each exposure by 10-70% of baseline values. This effect was reversible with normalization of transmission during the initial phase of each subsequent exposure. Changes in transmission were inversely related to temperature over a 50-170 degrees C range, whereas relative reflection remained constant. Accompanying reversible transmission changes was the observation that the weld strength of plaque-aortic wall separations was unchanged by repetitive laser welding and tissue separation of individual sections. In conclusion, temperature-dependent reversible optical and physical properties of plaque occur during exposure to 1.06 microns cw laser radiation.
Increased photogeneration in thin silicon concentrator solar cells (1987)

Recent progress in silicon concentrator solar cells has resulted in several designs capable of 25-percent efficiency with one group reporting 28 percent under 14 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of incident power at 25°C. It has been shown that further improvement is possible by restricting the sunlight acceptance angle of the cell. In this letter, a practical implementation which is equivalent in its effect is proposed which results in an increased utilization of weakly absorbed near-bandgap light. This increased absorption is obtained by placing the cells in a cavity with a small entrance aperture. An analysis is given based upon work on the acceptance angle enhancements by Campbell and Green. The design is expected to improve the efficiencies of existing solar cells to 30 percent. If used in conjunction with previously proposed cell improvements, the efficiencies will be improved towards 33 percent, very near the limit efficiency of 36 percent. This design also has the effect of decreasing the differences in performance between the leading candidate concentrator cell designs and diminishing the dependence of the efficiencies on the cell texturization and bulk carrier lifetimes.
Comparison of F-Scan in-sole and AMTI forceplate system in measuring vertical ground reaction force during gait (2000)

To compare an insole foot pressure system (F-Scan) and forceplate (AMTI) system for assessing vertical ground reaction forces (GRF) during walking, 30 adults walked at a self-selected pace with both systems recording GRF data simultaneously. Univariate analysis of variance showed no statistical differences between the two systems (P >. 05) in first peak force (F1), minimum force (Fm), and second peak force (F2). F-Scan data, however, showed a significant delay (P <. 05) in times to F1, Fm, and F2 (P <. 05). Curve correlation demonstrated higher correlations (r >. 7) for the 21-90% interval of the support phase than both the initial and a brief period before toe-off (r =. 05-.7). These results suggest that, with careful procedure, the F-Scan insole system could be a useful device to measure the vertical GRF during gait. However, caution should be exercised when interpreting the pressure and force data during the initial 21% and final 10% of the support phase of walking.
Derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridines as modulators of ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation and high-amplitude swelling of mitochondria, caused by ascorbate, sodium linoleate and sodium pyrophosphate (1999)

A group of 26 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-disubstituted and 2,6-dimethyl-3,4, 5-trisubstituted-1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-H(2)Py=1,4-DHPs) and five related pyridines were studied as inhibitors of rat liver mitochondrial swelling and O(2) uptake by ascorbic acid-dependent lipid peroxidation (LP) and as modulators of mitochondrial swelling induced by Na(+)-linoleate or Na(+)-pyrophosphate. 1,4-DHPs studied include 4-unsubstituted and 4-methyl- and 4-phenyl-substituted 3, 5-dialkoxycarbonylderivatives of 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-DHP with variations in alkoxy chain length and composition, 4-unsubstituted and 4-methyl-, 4-aryl- and 4-pyridyl-substituted 3, 5-dianilidocarbonylderivatives, and a structurally related group of 3,5-dipyridylamidocarbonylderivatives. Many 1,4-DHPs possess marked antioxidant (AO) and membrane stabilizing activity, expressed as the mitochondrial swelling (deltaA(520)/t) and/or O(2) uptake rate decrease (V(0)/V) as well as prolongation of the induction period (tau/tau(0)) of mitochondrial swelling and/or O(2) uptake at ascorbic acid-dependent LP of rat liver mitochondria. 4-Unsubstituted 3,5-dialkoxycarbonyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-DHPs, as well as 4-unsubstituted or those possessing lipophylic 4-aryl- groups 3, 5-diamido-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-DHPs, reveal marked AO and membrane stabilizing properties. Oxidized (heteroaromatized) derivatives have minimal activity. Perhaps 1,4-DHPs preferably act as antioxidants on stages of initiation and prolongation of LP chain reactions at low concentrations: IC(50) (when V(0)/V or tau/tau(0)=2) are 0.1 microM to 100 microM. At 100 microM 3,5-di-p-hydroxyphenoxycarbonyl- and 3, 5-di-p-tolyloxycarbonyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-DHPs, as well as 3, 5-diethoxycarbonyl-2,6-dimethylpyridine (oxidized form of Hantzsch ester) and 3,5-diamyloxycarbonyl-2,6-dimethylpyridine, alter the mitochondrial swelling rate in the presence of natural protonophore Na(+)-linoleate (0.063 mM and 0.125 mM). 3,5-Di-n-butyloxycarbonyl-2, 6-dimethyl-1,4-DHP at 100 microM completely stops mitochondrial swelling in the presence of 0.8 mM Na(+)-pyrophosphate. In the presence of many of the 1,4-DHPs, the lipid peroxidation process was inhibited. However, the swelling process could be prolonged, promoted, accelerated or inhibited-depending on 1,4-DHPs structure, concentration, the type of initiators of the swelling process and the medium composition.
Love and anxiety (1999)

The deep ambivalence most men and women feel towards each other was explored by Karen Horney. Lola Hill takes a fresh look at Horney's formulation and hints at a Jungian solution. (editor abstract)
MEIOTIC AND MITOTIC BEHAVIOR OF DICENTRIC CHROMOSOMES IN <i>SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE</i> (1984)

Meiotic recombination between a circular and a linear chromosome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been investigated. The circle was a haploid-viable derivative of chromosome III constructed by joining regions near the two chromosome ends via a recombinant DNA construction: (HMR/MAT-URA3-pBR322-MAT/HML) and was also deleted for MAL2 (which therefore uniquely marks a linear chromosome III). Recombination along chromosome III was measured for eight intervals spanning the entire length of the circular derivative. Only 25% of all tetrads from a ring/rod diploid contained four viable spores. These proved to be cases in which there was either no recombination along chromosome III or in which there were two-strand double crossovers or higher order crossovers that would not produce a dicentric chromosome.--At least half of the tetrads with three viable spores included one Ura+ Mal+ spore that was genetically highly unstable. The Ura+ Mal+ spore colonies gave rise to as many as seven genetically distinct, stable ("healed") derivatives, some of which had lost either URA3 or MAL2. Analysis of markers on chromosome III suggests that dicentric chromosomes frequently do not break during meiosis but are inherited intact into a haploid spore. In mitosis, however, the dicentric chromosome is frequently broken, giving rise to a variety of genetically distinct derivatives. We have also shown that dicentric ring chromosomes exhibit similar behavior: at least half the time they are not broken during meiosis but are broken and healed during mitosis.--The ring/rod diploid can also be used to determine the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) along an entire yeast ring chromosome. We estimate that an unequal number of SCE events occurs in approximately 15% of all cells undergoing meiosis. In contrast, the mitotic instability (and presumably SCE events) of a ring chromosome is low, occurring at a rate of about 1.2 X 10(-3) per cell division.
Dominant role of complement in the hyperacute xenograft rejection reaction. (1976)

Xenotransplantation in distantly related donor-recipient systems is rejected within minutes. According to present theories, hyperacute rejection is due to preformed antibodies. However, our results suggest that a nonimmunologic reaction plays a dominant role in the hyperacute rejection reaction. To analyze the hyperacute rejection reaction, a previously described model of isolated in vitro xenohemoperfusion was used in which rat kidneys were perfused with dog blood at constant pressure. Rejection criterion was cessation of xenograft perfusion flow rate with constant perfusion pressure and histologic findings of aggregation of thrombocytes and endothelial lesions. In our experimental approach, the donor kidney was perfused with separate cellular and humoral components of the recipient blood with redetection of the rejection activity in one of the recipient blood components. Each blood component was tested for preformed antibody before hemoperfusion. In control studies, xenoperfusion of rat kidneys with whole blood from the dog always resulted in hyperacute rejection. In contrast, allogenic perfusion with whole blood caused no rejection. In three groups, typical hyperacute rejection occurred. Perfusion with whole blood from newborn dogs; no preformed antibodies in vitro; perfusion with reactivated dog whole blood containing no preformed xenohemoagglutinating antibodies, which had been eliminated by adsorption, and perfusion with reactivated dog whole blood containing no preformed xenocomplement fixing antibodies also eliminated by adsorption, all resulted in hyperacute rejection. Whole blood from newborn dogs and reactivated, adsorbed antibody-free whole blood from dogs contained active complement. Perfusion of rat kidneys with heat decomplemented, antibody-containing or antibody-free dog blood showed no hyperacute rejection reaction. The addition of fresh complement to these last two groups resulted in typical hyperacute rejection.
Compliance, Safety, and Effectiveness of Fixed-Dose Combinations of Antihypertensive Agents (2009)

Two or more antihypertensive agents are increasingly used to control blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. However, it is unclear whether fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of 2 antihypertensive agents in a single tablet provide greater benefits than the corresponding free-drug components given separately. A meta-analysis was performed to assess compliance, persistence, BP control, and safety associated with FDCs in comparison with their free-drug components. Fifteen included studies (n=32331) reported on >or=1 of the evaluated outcomes. In 3 cohort studies and 2 trials reporting on drug compliance (n=17 999), the use of FDCs was associated with significantly better compliance (odds ratio: 1.21 [95% CI: 1.03 to 1.43]; P=0.02) compared with its corresponding free-drug combinations. In 3 cohort studies (n=12 653), there was a nonsignificant improvement in persistence with therapy (odds ratio: 1.54 [95% CI: 0.95 to 2.49]; P=0.08), and in 5 trials (n=1775) the odds ratio for adverse effects for FDC use compared with free-drug combination use was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.58 to 1.11; P=0.19). In 9 trials (n=1671) with BP data, use of an FDC was associated with nonsignificant changes in systolic and diastolic BPs of 4.1 mm Hg (95% CI: -9.8 to 1.5; P=0.15) and 3.1 mm Hg (95% CI: -7.1 to 0.9; P=0.13), respectively. In these BP-lowering comparisons, there was heterogeneity associated with differences in study design but no publication bias. In conclusion, compared with free-drug combinations, FDCs of antihypertensive agents are associated with a significant improvement in compliance and with nonsignificant beneficial trends in BP and adverse effects.
El papel de los inmigrantes en el mercado de la vivienda (Especial referencia a la Comunidad de Madrid) (2008)

Opinion doctrinal sobre la interrelacion existente entre el crecimiento del precio de la vivienda y el incremento de inmigrantes residentes en nuestro pais, con independencia de factores adyacentes centrado en la Comunidad de Madrid.
Randomized algorithms for tracking distributed count, frequencies, and ranks (2012)

We show that randomization can lead to significant improvements for a few fundamental problems in distributed tracking. Our basis is the count-tracking problem, where there are k players, each holding a counter ni that gets incremented over time, and the goal is to track an ∑-approximation of their sum n=∑ini continuously at all times, using minimum communication. While the deterministic communication complexity of the problem is θ(k/ε • log N), where N is the final value of n when the tracking finishes, we show that with randomization, the communication cost can be reduced to θ(√k/ε • log N). Our algorithm is simple and uses only O(1) space at each player, while the lower bound holds even assuming each player has infinite computing power. Then, we extend our techniques to two related distributed tracking problems: frequency-tracking and rank-tracking, and obtain similar improvements over previous deterministic algorithms. Both problems are of central importance in large data monitoring and analysis, and have been extensively studied in the literature.
The third chimpanzee : the evolution and future of the human animal (1992)

The Development of an Extraordinary Species We human beings share 98 percent of our genes with chimpanzees. Yet humans are the dominant species on the planet -- having founded civilizations and religions, developed intricate and diverse forms of communication, learned science, built cities, and created breathtaking works of art -- while chimps remain animals concerned primarily with the basic necessities of survival. What is it about that two percent difference in DNA that has created such a divergence between evolutionary cousins? In this fascinating, provocative, passionate, funny, endlessly entertaining work, renowned Pulitzer Prize-winning author and scientist Jared Diamond explores how the extraordinary human animal, in a remarkably short time, developed the capacity to rule the world . . . and the means to irrevocably destroy it.
Multistress resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is generated by insertion of retrotransposon Ty into the 5' coding region of the adenylate cyclase gene. (1988)

Heat shock-resistant mutants, which were isolated by their ability to withstand lethal heat treatment, were characterized. Resistance was demonstrated to be a consequence of insertion of retrotransposon Ty into either the 5' coding or noncoding region, close to the putative initiation codon of the adenylate cyclase gene CYR1 (or CDC35). These heat shock-resistant mutants contained about threefold lower adenylate cyclase activity than wild-type strains. The mutants were also observed to be resistant to other stresses such as UV light and ethanol. These results demonstrate that multistress resistance, which may confer a survival advantage to yeast cells, can be generated by transposition of a Ty element into CYR1.