gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of high‐pressure food processing on the sorption behaviour of selected packaging materials (2004)

Abstract The sorption behaviour and flavour‐scalping potential of selected packaging films in contact with food simulant liquids (FSLs) (ethanol and acetic acid solutions) were evaluated after high‐pressure processing (HPP). The films used were monolayer polypropylene (PP), a multilayer (polyethylene/nylon/ethylene vinyl alcohol/polyethylene: PE/nylon/EVOH/PE), film and a metallized (polyethylene terephthalate/ethylene–vinyl acetate/linear low‐density polyethylene: metallized PET/EVA/LLDPE) material. D‐limonene was used as the sorbate and was added to each of the FSLs. After HPP treatment at 800 MPa, 10 min, 60°C, the amount of D‐limonene sorbed by the packaging materials and the amount remaining in the FSL was measured. Untreated controls (1 atm, 60°C and 40°C) were also prepared. Extraction of the D‐limonene from the films was performed using a purge/trap method. D‐limonene was quantified in both the films and the FSL, using gas chromatography (GC). The results showed that D‐limonene concentration, in both the films and the food simulants, was not significantly affected by HPP, except for the metallized PET/EVA/LLDPE. Significant differences in D‐limonene sorption were found in comparison with the control pouches. The results also showed that changes in temperature significantly affected the sorption behaviour of all films. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms of Formation Damage in Matrix Permeability Geothermal Wells (1981)

ABSTRACT A laboratory study was conducted at simulated in-situ geothermal conditions to identify the mechanisms responsible for significant declines in permeability. Testing was conducted on core material retrieved from Well 78-30 in the East Mesa KGRA, Imperial Valley, California. In this paper, apparatus, procedures and results are described. Damage in this formation, which was not originally thought to be water sensitive, is attributed to cation exchange and the removal processes which alter the stability of the clay structures. Fluid shearing dislodges particles, which clog pore throats and irreversibly reduce permeability. The implications of these findings on operating procedures and production of the well can be significant and are discussed.
Insertion of a ligand to HER2 in gB retargets HSV tropism and obviates the need for activation of the other entry glycoproteins (2017)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry into the cells requires glycoproteins gD, gH/gL and gB, activated in a cascade fashion by conformational modifications induced by cognate receptors and intermolecular signaling. The receptors are nectin1 and HVEM (Herpes virus entry mediator) for gD, and αvβ6 or αvβ8 integrin for gH. In earlier work, insertion of a single chain antibody (scFv) to the cancer receptor HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) in gD, or in gH, resulted in HSVs specifically retargeted to the HER2-positive cancer cells, hence in highly specific non-attenuated oncolytic agents. Here, the scFv to HER2 was inserted in gB (gBHER2). The insertion re-targeted the virus tropism to the HER2-positive cancer cells. This was unexpected since gB is known to be a fusogenic glycoprotein, not a tropism determinant. The gB-retargeted recombinant offered the possibility to investigate how HER2 mediated entry. In contrast to wt-gB, the activation of the chimeric gBHER2 did not require the activation of the gD and of gH/gL by their respective receptors. Furthermore, a soluble form of HER2 could replace the membrane-bound HER2 in mediating virus entry, hinting that HER2 acted by inducing conformational changes to the chimeric gB. This study shows that (i) gB can be modified and become the major determinant of HSV tropism; (ii) the chimeric gBHER2 bypasses the requirement for receptor-mediated activation of other essential entry glycoproteins.
Direct Power Control Strategies For Multilevel Inverter Based Custom Power Devices (2008)

Custom power is a technology driven product and service solution which embraces a family devices such as Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), Distributed Shunt Compensator (DSTATCOM), Solid State Breaker (SSB) etc which will provide power quality functions at distribution voltages. The rapid response of these devices enables them to operate in real time, providing continuous and dynamic control of the supply including voltage and reactive power regulation, harmonic reduction and elimination of voltage dips. This paper presents the benefits of multilevel inverters when they are used for DPC based custom power devices. Power flow control mechanism, salient features, advantages and disadvantages of direct power control (DPC) using lookup table, SVM, predictive voltage vector and hybrid DPC strategies are discussed in this paper. Simulation results of three level inverter based STATCOM, harmonic analysis of multi level inverters are presented at the end.
Utilization of a high‐resolution digital imaging system for the objective and quantitative assessment of hyperpigmented spots on the face (2002)

A high-resolution digital imaging method, combined with a split-face clinical protocol is sensitive enough to prove that SLM readily reduces hyperpigmented spots, while maintaining normal facial skin colour.
Redox Isomeric Surface Structures Are Preferred over Odd‐Electron Pt<sup>1+</sup> (2018)

The formation of metal-ligand coordination networks on surfaces that contain redox isomers is a topic of considerable interest and is important for bifunctional metallochemistry, including heterogeneous catalysis. Towards this end, a tetrazine with two electron withdrawing pyrimidinyl substituents was co-deposited with platinum metal on the Au(100) surface. In a 2:1 metal:ligand ratio, only half of the platinum is oxidized to the +2 oxidation state, with the remainder coordinating to the ligand without charge transfer, as Pt<sup>0</sup> . The resultant Pt<sup>0</sup> /Pt<sup>II</sup> mixed valence structure is thought to form due to the aversion of the ligand towards a four-electron reduction and the strong preference of Pt towards 0 and +2 oxidation states. These results were confirmed through a series of experiments varying the on-surface metal:ligand stoichiometry in the redox assembly formed: added oxidant does not oxidize the already complexed Pt<sup>0</sup> . Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals irregular chain structures that are attributed to the mixture of Pt valence states, each with distinct local coordination geometries. Density functional theory calculations give further detail about these local geometries. These results demonstrate the formation of a mixture of valence states in on-surface redox assembly of metal-organic networks that extends the library of single-site metal structures for surface chemistry and catalysis. Redox-isomeric Pt<sup>0</sup> versus Pt<sup>2+</sup> surface structures can coexist in this ligand environment.
Gaucher disease: mutation and polymorphism spectrum in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) (2008)

Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of glucocerebrosidase, a lysosomal enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of the glycolipid glucocerebroside to ceramide and glucose. Lysosomal storage of the substrate in cells of the reticuloendothelial system leads to multisystemic manifestations, including involvement of the liver, spleen, bone marrow, lungs, and nervous system. Patients with GD have highly variable presentations and symptoms that, in many cases, do not correlate well with specific genotypes. Almost 300 unique mutations have been reported in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA), with a distribution that spans the gene. These include 203 missense mutations, 18 nonsense mutations, 36 small insertions or deletions that lead to either frameshifts or in-frame alterations, 14 splice junction mutations, and 13 complex alleles carrying two or more mutations in cis. Recombination events with a highly homologous pseudogene downstream of the GBA locus also have been identified, resulting from gene conversion, fusion, or duplication. In this review we discuss the spectrum of GBA mutations and their distribution in the patient population, evolutionary conservation, clinical presentations, and how they may affect the structure and function of glucocerebrosidase.
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 expression inhibits insulin-like growth factor I action in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. (1994)

Interactions between insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and the type of I IGF receptor may be affected by high-affinity extracellular binding proteins. To date, six distinct IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been identified, but their physiological roles are not well understood. For example, depending on experimental conditions, IGFBP-1 has been shown to both enhance and inhibit IGF-I mediated mitogenesis. We have previously shown that excess exogenous IGFBP-1 inhibited IGF-I mediated growth of MCF-7 cells. In this study, we examined whether or not endogenously expressed IGFBP-1 could interfere with IGF-I mediated growth of MCF-7 cells. Cells were stably transfected with an IGFBP-1 expression vector. IGFBP-1 mRNA was produced by the cells, and protein was detected in the conditioned media by ligand blot and immunoblot. Type I IGF receptor could not be phosphorylated by IGF-I in cells expressing IGFBP-1; however, an IGF-I analogue (Arg-3-IGF-I), which cannot complex with IGFBPs, stimulated receptor phosphorylation. IGF-I did not stimulate cell growth in IGFBP-1 expressing cells. These results suggest that IGFBP-1 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells inhibits IGF-I induced growth by interrupting the interaction between IGF-I and its receptor.
In Ga N ∕ Ga N blue light emitting diodes with modulation-doped AlGaN∕GaN heterostructure layers (2006)

The modulation-doped AlGaN∕GaN heterostructure layers were used to improve the output power and efficiency of nitride-based blue light emitting diodes (LEDs). It was found that the output power of LEDs with the modulation-doped AlGaN∕GaN layers measured at 20mA injection current was increased from 4.8to6mW. It was also found that the modulation-doped AlGaN∕GaN layers can effectively spread pulse current. Nitride-based blue LEDs with the modulation-doped AlGaN∕GaN layer can even endure a 3000V reverse electrostatic discharge pulse voltage.
Geometric Error Analysis for Spherical Mounted Retroreflector in Laser Tracker (2010)

Mathematical models of the rectangular angle errors and vertex positioning error in spherical mounted retro-reflector (SMR) were firstly presented. The relationship between right angle errors and the angle of incidence beam and reflecting light was given and the vertex misalign error of cube corner retro-reflector had an effect on the compensation radius. A novel method verifying SMR was provided. The verified SMR was inspected by contrast with a standard SMR. Finally, the experiments were carried out both to prove the correctness of the method and to find out discrete degree of point clouds. The experiment result shows that the discrete degree of verified SMR is 0.034mm and higher than that of the standard SMR. The deviation for measuring the same point by the two SMR is 0.021mm and the error in the flatness is 1.2μm. This research work has a certain practical value in high-precision measurement.
An apporach to automatic three‐dimensional finite element mesh generation (1985)

Abstract Recently developed solid modelling systems for the design of complex physical solids using interactive computer graphics offer the exciting possibility of an integrated design/analysis system. Called geometric modellers, these systems build complex solids from primitive solids (cubes, cylinders, spheres, solid patches, etc.) and macro solids (combination of primitives) 3, 4, 8, 16, 18, 25, 38 . To provide an effective structural analysis capability for these systems, methods must be devised to ease the burden of discretizing the solid geometry into a user controlled (usually locally graded) finite element mesh. The purpose of this paper is to describe an interactive solid mesh generation system capable of generating valid meshes of well‐proportional tetrahedral finite elements for the decomposition of multiply connected solid structures. The system uses a semi‐automatic node insertion procedure to locate element node points within and on the surface of a structure. An independent automatic three‐dimensional triangulator then accepts these nodes as input and connects them to form a valid finite element mesh oftetrahedral elements. Although this report makes use of a modeller based on a constructive solid geometry representation (a so‐called CSG modeller), the mesh generation strategy elaborated herein is completely general and makes no particular use of the CSG representation.
Antitumor immune response by CX3CL1 fractalkine gene transfer depends on both NK and T cells (2005)

The CX3C chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) exists as both a membrane-bound form promoting firm cell-cell adhesion and a soluble form chemoattracting leukocytes expressing its receptor CX3CR1. When adenoviral vector expressing mouse fractalkine (AdFKN) was transduced to the tumor cells, fractalkine was expressed as both membrane-bound form on the tumor cells and soluble form in the supernatant in vitro. Intratumoral injection of AdFKN (1 x 10(9)PFU/tumor) into C26 and B16F10 tumors resulted in marked reduction of tumor growth compared to control (C26: 86.5%, p<0.001; B16F10: 85.5%, p<0.001). Histological examination of tumor tissues revealed abundant infiltration of NK cells, dendritic cells, and CD8(+) T lymphocytes 3 and/or 6 days after treatment with AdFKN. Splenocytes from mice treated by AdFKN developed tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells, and thereby protected from rechallenging with parental tumor cells. Antitumor effects by AdFKN were completely abrogated in both NK cell-depleted mice and CD8(-/-) mice, and partially blocked in CD4(-/-) mice. These data indicated that fractalkine mediates antitumor effects by both NK cell-dependent and T cell-dependent mechanisms. This study suggests that fractalkine can be a suitable candidate for immunogene therapy of cancer because fractalkine induces both innate and adaptive immunity.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of the tunable mobile antenna. Model, designing procedure and measurement methods (2008)

Today, more and more mobile services are emerging: GSM 850, GSM 900, PCS 1800, DCS 1900, UMTS, DVB-H, WLAN, etc. The mobile antennas are required to support an increasing number of bands. On the other hand, due to the trend towards miniaturization, the available space inside the mobile phones for the antennas decreases. As the attainable antenna bandwidth is subjected to the physical limit depending on the size of the mobile terminal, it becomes impractical for a mobile antenna to cover all the bands with satisfactory reflection magnitude. The high-efficiency tunable antenna which covers a large bandwidth with low return loss is a promising solution to this problem. Limitations of the tunable antennas are their loss and non-linearity introduced by the tuning devices. The physical limit on the attainable bandwidth of the mobile terminal is shown first. This limit is applied to the DVB-H standard, which is a broadband application. The result shows that the non-tunable antenna can not cover the whole DVB-H band with satisfactory reflection magnitude. Solution approaches for the tunable mobile antenna design are proposed in detail, including the designing procedure, device selection, low-loss tuning circuit design and harmonics suppression. New measurement set-ups for tunable antennas are proposed. The demonstrators are shown in the end.
Clamped inductive switching of LDMOST for smart power IC's (2002)

This paper explores the energy capability of an integrated clamped lateral power MOS transistor. The energy capability is determined by switching the device on an inductive load. Experimental results show that the rating of the transistor in terms of energy has to be given along with the drain voltage applied during the transient regime. If the clamp voltage increases, the energy capability decreases. This is explained by the presence of a parasitic NPN transistor in the LDMOS transistor. A specific structure is designed in order to determine the energy capability that would correspond to a purely thermal failure mechanism.
Elaboration and Mechanical Behavior of High Strength Foam Glass (2010)

The new high strength foam glass-ceramics were prepared by sintering method using waste cathode ray tube (CRT) as the raw material and SiC as foaming agent. The effect of foaming agent dosage, heating rate, cooling rate and holding time on mechanical properties of the sample were analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The experimental results indicate that mechanical strength is strongly affected by dosage of foam agent, heating rate, cooling rate and holding time. Due to the precipitation of Pb, Pb3O4 and Al6Si2O13 and a dense porous structure, high mechanical strength values of 2~20 MPa could be obtained by adding 1~7 wt% SiC, a relatively low sintering temperature around 840℃ and a cooling rate of 1~2℃/min. Good correlations between mechanical strength, precipitation of micro-crystals and SiC dosage were observed.
Sowing Mpich: a Case Study in the Dissemination of a Portable Environment for Parallel Scientific Computing (1997)

MPICH is an implementation of the MPI specification for a standard message-passing library interface. This paper focuses on the lessons learned from preparing MPICH for diverse parallel computing environments. These lessons include how to prepare software for configuration in un known environments; how to structure software to absorb contributions by others; how to automate the preparation of man pages, Web pages, and other documentation; how to automate prerelease testing for both correctness and performance; and how to manage the inevitable problem reports with a minimum of resources for support.
Sweet sorghum: an alcohol crop for the US (1980)

Assuming that alcohol can be produced from sweet sorghum, growers need such incentives as high potential alcohol yield per acre, lower fertilizer and water inputs, more-efficient feedstock, high biomass yield, potential as a cash crop, and favorable economic considerations in relation to other crops. Problems with juice preservation, harvesting equipment, transportation to processing plants, and treatment of by-products must be overcome before such use for large-scale production is likely. 4 tables. (DCK)
Memory models (2010)

Solving the memory model problem will require an ambitious and cross-disciplinary research direction.
Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge and Critical Surface Charge Estimation Using an Electrochemical Model-Based Extended Kalman Filter (2010)

This paper presents a numerical calculation of the evolution of the spatially resolved solid concentration in the two electrodes of a lithium-ion cell. The microscopic solid concentration is driven by the macroscopic Butler–Volmer current density distribution, which is consequently driven by the applied current through the boundary conditions. The resulting, mostly causal, implementation of the algebraic differential equations that describe the battery electrochemical principles, even after assuming fixed electrolyte concentration, is of high order and complexity and is denoted as the full order model. The full order model is compared with the results in the works of Smith and Wang (2006, “Solid-State Diffusion Limitations on Pulse Operation of a Lithium-Ion Cell for Hybrid Electric Vehicles,” J. Power Sources, 161, pp. 628–639) and Wang et al. (2007 “Control oriented 1D Electrochemical Model of Lithium Ion Battery,” Energy Convers. Manage., 48, pp. 2565–2578) and creates our baseline model, which will be further simplified for charge estimation. We then propose a low order extended Kalman filter for the estimation of the average-electrode charge similarly to the single-particle charge estimation in the work of White and Santhanagopalan (2006, “Online Estimation of the State of Charge of a Lithium Ion Cell,” J. Power Sources, 161, pp. 1346–1355) with the following two substantial enhancements. First, we estimate the average-electrode, or single-particle, solid-electrolyte surface concentration, called critical surface charge in addition to the more traditional bulk concentration called state of charge. Moreover, we avoid the weakly observable conditions associated with estimating both electrode concentrations by recognizing that the measured cell voltage depends on the difference, and not the absolute value, of the two electrode open circuit voltages. The estimation results of the reduced, single, averaged electrode model are compared with the full order model simulation.
Spray Drying of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> ssp. <i>lactis</i> C2 and Cellular Injury (1995)

ABSTRACT Starter cultures were spray‐dried at five outlet‐air temperatures using four concentrations of cells in the feed solution. Powders made using the lowest outlet‐air temperature and the highest cell concentration had the highest viability. Storage at 4°C for 3 mo caused a 34–86% loss of viability. Cellular injury resulted from dehydration, and exposure to high temperatures in the atomizer and during droplet drying. Lactic acid production was similar for frozen, freeze‐dried and spray‐dried cultures made from a single cell paste. The lag time before lactic acid production was apparently an inherent characteristic of each specific cell paste.
Effects of salt addition on the microencapsulation of proteins using W/O/W double emulsion technique (2000)

The influence of co-encapsulation of stabilizing additives together with BSA on microsphere characteristics using the modified water-in-oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation (W/O/W) method was investigated. For this purpose, poly(L-lactide) microspheres containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) were prepared. The morphology, porosity, specific surface area, particle size, encapsulation efficiency and kinetics of drug release of protein loaded microspheres were analysed in relation to the influence of co-encapsulated stabilizing additives such as electrolytes. High salt concentrations in the internal (W1) aqueous phase, often necessary to stabilize protein or antigen solutions, led to an increase in particle size, particle size distribution, porosity and specific surface area. Bulk density and encapsulation efficiency decreased. The release profile was characterized by a high initial burst due to the highly porous structure. Addition of salt to the external or continuous water phase (W2), however, stabilized the encapsulation process and, therefore, resulted in improved microsphere characteristics as a dense morphology, a reduced initial burst release, a drastically increased bulk density and encapsulation efficiency. Analysis of the specific surface area (BET) showed that the addition of salt to W2, regardless of the salt concentration in the W1 phase, decreased the surface area of the microspheres approximately 23-fold. Microsphere properties were influenced by salts additions through the osmotic pressure gradients between the two aqueous phases and the water flux during microsphere formation. Release profiles and encapsulation efficiencies correlated well with the porosity and the surface area of microspheres. Furthermore, the influence of a low molecular weight drug and different time-points of salt addition to W2 on microsphere characteristics were studied by encapsulation of acid orange 63 (AO63), confirming the results obtained with BSA. This study suggests that modification of the external water phase by adding salts is a simple and efficient method to encapsulate stabilized protein solution, with high encapsulation efficiency and good microsphere characteristics.