gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Real-time rendering of optical effects using spatial convolution</title> (1998)

Simulation of special effects such as: defocus effect, depth-of-field effect, raindrops or water film falling on the windshield, may be very useful in visual simulators and in all computer graphics applications that need realistic images of outdoor scenery. Those effects are especially important in rendering poor visibility conditions in flight and driving simulators, but can also be applied, for example, in composing computer graphics and video sequences- -i.e. in Augmented Reality systems. This paper proposes a new approach to the rendering of those optical effects by iterative adaptive filtering using spatial convolution. The advantage of this solution is that the adaptive convolution can be done in real-time by existing hardware. Optical effects mentioned above can be introduced into the image computed using conventional camera model by applying to the intensity of each pixel the convolution filter having an appropriate point spread function. The algorithms described in this paper can be easily implemented int the visualization pipeline--the final effect may be obtained by iterative filtering using a single hardware convolution filter or with the pipeline composed of identical 3 X 3 filters placed as the stages of this pipeline. Another advantage of the proposed solution is that the extension based on proposed algorithm can be added to the existing rendering systems as a final stage of the visualization pipeline.
New Mesogenic Compounds with a Large Dielectric Anisotropy (1981)

Abstract Mesomorphic 2-nitrophenyl benzoates and cinnamates as well as 4-cyanophenyl 4'-perfluoroalkyl-, 4'-perfluoroalkoxy- and 4'-monohydropherfluoroalkoxy benzoates have been synthesised. The mesomorphic properties of the fluorinated derivatives are compared with those of the corresponding hhidrogenous derivatives.
Foundational Patterns for Efficient Quantum Computing (2019)

We present a number of quantum computing patterns that build on top of fundamental algorithms, that can be applied to solving concrete, NP-hard problems. In particular, we introduce the concept of a quantum dictionary as a summation of multiple patterns and algorithms, and show how it can be applied in the context of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems. We start by presenting a visual approach to quantum computing, which avoids a heavy-reliance on quantum mechanics, linear algebra, or complex mathematical notation, and favors geometrical intuition and computing paradigms. We also provide insights on the fundamental quantum computing algorithms (Fourier Transforms, Phase Estimation, Grover, Quantum Counting, and Amplitude Estimation).
Optical OFDM - A Candidate for Future Long-Haul Optical Transmission Systems (2008)

We review coherent-optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for long-haul optical transmission systems. Two important aspects of such systems are reviewed: RF-aided phase noise compensation and polarization division multiplexing enabled by MIMO processing.
Trends and considerations in robot-assisted autism therapy (2010)

Recent research suggests that children with autism exhibit certain positive social behaviors while interacting with robots that are not observed while interacting with their peers, caregivers, and therapists. This paper explores trends in robot-assisted autism therapy, as well as some of the specific therapies that have been shown to elicit desirable social interactions when working with children with autism. Considerations for the design of robots for use in robot-assisted therapies are also presented. Finally, general conclusions and recommendations are made to help further the work of robot-assisted autism therapy.
A binder-free wet chemical synthesis approach to decorate nanoflowers of bismuth oxide on Ni-foam for fabricating laboratory scale potential pencil-type asymmetric supercapacitor device (2017)

The present study involves the synthesis of a bismuth oxide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) electrode consisting of an arranged nano-platelets for evolving a flower-type surface appearance on nickel-foam (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Ni-F) by a simple, inexpensive, binder-free and one-step chemical bath deposition (CBD) method, popularly known as a wet chemical method. The as-prepared Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on Ni-foam, as an electrode material, demonstrates 557 F g<sup>-1</sup> specific capacitance (SC, at 1 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>), of which 85% is retained even after 2000 cycles. With specific power density of 500 kW kg<sup>-1</sup>, the Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Ni-F electrode documents a specific energy density of 80 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup>. Furthermore, a portable asymmetric supercapacitor device, i.e. a pencil-type cell consisting of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Ni-F as an anode and graphite as a cathode in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte solution, confirms 11 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> and 720 kW kg<sup>-1</sup> specific energy and specific power densities, respectively. An easy and a simple synthesis approach for manufacturing a portable laboratory scale pencil-type supercapacitor device is a major outcome of this study, which can also be applied for ternary and quaternary metal oxides for recording an enhanced performance. In addition, we presented a demonstration of lighting a light emitting diode (LED) using a home-made pencil-type supercapacitor device which, finally, has confirmed the scaling and technical potentiality of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Ni-F in energy storage devices.
Impairment of PGC-1alpha expression, neuropathology and hepatic steatosis in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease following chronic energy deprivation (2010)

We investigated the ability of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to activate PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) in the brain, liver and brown adipose tissue (BAT) of the NLS-N171-82Q transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD). In the striatum of the HD mice, the baseline levels of PGC-1alpha, NRF1, NRF2, Tfam, COX-II, PPARdelta, CREB and ERRalpha mRNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), were significantly reduced. Administration of the creatine analog beta guanidinopropionic acid (GPA) reduced ATP and PCr levels and increased AMPK mRNA in both the cerebral cortex and striatum. Treatment with GPA significantly increased expression of PGC-1alpha, NRF1, Tfam and downstream genes in the striatum and cerebral cortex of wild-type (WT) mice, but there was no effect on these genes in the HD mice. The striatum of the untreated HD mice showed microvacuolation in the neuropil, as well as gliosis and huntingtin aggregates, which were exacerbated by treatment with GPA. GPA treatment produced a significant increase in mtDNA in the cerebral cortex and striatum of WT mice, but not in HD mice. The HD mice treated with GPA had impaired activation of liver PGC-1alpha and developed hepatic steatosis with accumulation of lipids, degeneration of hepatocytes and impaired activation of gluconeogenesis. The BAT in the HD mice showed vacuolation due to accumulation of neutral lipids, and age-dependent impairment of UCP-1 activation and temperature regulation. Impaired activation of PGC-1alpha, therefore, plays an important role in the behavioral phenotype, metabolic disturbances and pathology of HD, which suggests the possibility that agents that enhance PGC-1alpha function will exert therapeutic benefits in HD patients.
beta-Endorphin: surface binding and internalization in thymoma cells. (1985)

The opioid peptide beta-endorphin binds to specific nonopioid binding sites (Mr 72,000) that are present on the surface of thymoma cells. beta-Endorphin is then internalized, apparently via the Mr 72,000 species, and is subsequently found within intracellular, vesicular structures. This process is accompanied by the down-regulation of the Mr 72,000 binding sites. Our findings suggest that beta-endorphin may modulate cellular functions, such as T-lymphocyte proliferation, at intracellular rather than cell surface sites.
Textured silicon nitride: processing and anisotropic properties (2008)

Textured silicon nitride (Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) has been intensively studied over the past 15 years because of its use for achieving its superthermal and mechanical properties. In this review we present the fundamental aspects of the processing and anisotropic properties of textured Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, with emphasis on the anisotropic and abnormal grain growth of β-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, texture structure and texture analysis, processing methods and anisotropic properties. On the basis of the texturing mechanisms, the processing methods described in this article have been classified into two types: hot-working (HW) and templated grain growth (TGG). The HW method includes the hot-pressing, hot-forging and sinter-forging techniques, and the TGG method includes the cold-pressing, extrusion, tape-casting and strong magnetic field alignment techniques for β-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> seed crystals. Each processing technique is thoroughly discussed in terms of theoretical models and experimental data, including the texturing mechanisms and the factors affecting texture development. Also, methods of synthesizing the rodlike β-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> single crystals are presented. Various anisotropic properties of textured Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and their origins are thoroughly described and discussed, such as hardness, elastic modulus, bending strength, fracture toughness, fracture energy, creep behavior, tribological and wear behavior, erosion behavior, contact damage behavior and thermal conductivity. Models are analyzed to determine the thermal anisotropy by considering the intrinsic thermal anisotropy, degree of orientation and various microstructure factors. Textured porous Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> with a unique microstructure composed of oriented elongated β-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and anisotropic pores is also described for the first time, with emphasis on its unique mechanical and thermal-mechanical properties. Moreover, as an important related material, textured α-Sialon is also reviewed, because the presence of elongated α-Sialon grains allows the production of textured α-Sialon using the same methods as those used for textured β-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and β-Sialon.
NMR and its Applications to Living Systems (1996)

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a technique that is extensively used as a means of obtaining clinical images. In the form of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), the technique can also be used to study tissue chemistry. In this revised and updated second edition, the technique of NMR is introduced, and the ways in which MRI and MRS can be used to study living systems are discussed, with an emphasis on applications in man. There are chapters which illustrate applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and imaging (MRI), including the new methods of functional imaging. Chapters also cover the basic principles of the techniques, the parameters that characterize NMR signals, instrumentation, and pulse sequences.
Hepatitis B third‐generation vaccines: improved response and conventional vaccine non‐response – third generation pre‐S/S vaccines overcome non‐response (1998)

A new triple-S containing recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was evaluated in terms of immunogenicity and reactogenicity in a cohort of healthy healthcare professionals who were persistent non-responders to the currently licensed hepatitis B vaccines. One hundred subjects were allocated randomly to receive two doses of 5, 10, 20 or 40 micrograms of a new hepatitis B vaccine 2 months apart. The overall seroconversion rate was 70% with a single dose of 20 micrograms of the vaccine being as effective as two doses of either 20 micrograms or 40 micrograms of the vaccine formulation in terms of seroconversion, seroprotection and geometric mean titres.
Arithmetic coding algorithmwith embedded channel coding (1997)

A joint lossless-source and channel coding approach that incorporates error detection and correction capabilities in arithmetic coding is exploited. The encoded binary data representation allows the source decoder to recover the source symbols, even with channel errors. The self-synchronisation property of arithmetic coding, the knowledge of the source statistics, and some added redundancy are used for error detection and correction.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in human peripheral blood leucocytes-SCID reconstituted mice by rapamycin (2008)

The capacity of the immunomodulatory drug rapamycin (RAPA) to inhibit replication of the CCR5 strain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro prompted us to test its effects in a murine preclinical model of HIV infection. RAPA (0.6 or 6 mg/kg body weight) or its vehicle were administered daily, per os, to SCID mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood leucocytes (hu-PBL) starting 2 days before the intraperitoneal challenge with the R5 tropic SF162 strain of HIV-1 (1000 50% tissue culture infective dose/ml). Relative to hu-PBL-SCID mice that received no treatment, HIV-infected hu-PBL-SCID mice treated with the vehicle control for 3 weeks exhibited a severe depletion of CD4(+) cells (90%), an increase in CD8(+) cells and an inversion of the CD4(+)/CD8(+) cell ratio. In contrast, treatment of HIV-infected mice with RAPA prevented a decrease in CD4(+) cells and the increase of CD8(+) cells, thereby preserving the original CD4(+):CD8(+) cell ratio. Viral infection also resulted in the detection of HIV-DNA within peritoneal cells and spleen, and lymph node tissues of the vehicle-treated mice within 3 weeks of the viral challenge. In contrast, treatment with RAPA decreased cellular provirus integration and reduced HIV-RNA levels in the blood. Furthermore, in co-cultivation assays, spleens from RAPA-treated mice exhibited a reduced capacity for infecting allogeneic T cells which was dose-dependent. These data show that RAPA possesses powerful anti-viral activity against R5 strains of HIV in vivo and support the use of additional studies to evaluate the potential application of this drug in the management of HIV patients.
Surface Finishing of Needles for High-performance Biopsy (2014)

Realizing simultaneous internal and external surface finishing of the needle should result in significant processing time reduction. This paper clarifies the magnetic field and magnetic particle distribution specifically required to achieve the simultaneous surface finishing of 18 gauge 316 stainless steel needles, and the efficacy of the resulting simultaneous surface finishing is described. Both the inner and external surfaces of needles, 0.4–0.5 μm Sa, can be simultaneously finished to around 0.01 μm Sa in 5 min.
Microprocessor silicon debug based on failure propagation tracing (2006)

As the complexity of microprocessors increases, the design and bring-up times have significantly increased, negatively impacting the time-to-market (TTM) requirements. In this paper, a backtracing methodology for identifying the root cause of functional failures on the UltraSPARCtrade family of processors is presented. Data provided by a scan dump analysis methodology is linked not only to the design database but also to the failing test in order to isolate one or several candidates for further analysis
Effects of three microbial probiotics on postprandial portoarterial concentration differences of glucose, galactose and amino-nitrogen in the young pig (1995)

Postprandial kinetics of porto-arterial concentration differences of glucose (G), galactose (Gal), L-lactic acid (LA) and amino-N (AN) were studied in the piglet after the ingestion of 10(7) colony-forming units (cfu) Sporolactobacillus P44 (SP), or 10(6) cfu Bacillus cereus IP5832 (AC), or 10(6) cfu of a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. fermentum and L. brevis (AB)/g feed. Sixteen fistulated piglets (portal vein and brachiocephalic trunk; mean body weight 22 (SD 2) kg) were used. The diet was based on skimmed milk (320 g/kg), barley (300 g/kg), wheat bran (110 g/kg), maize (100 g/kg) and lactose (70 g/kg). The postprandial blood kinetics, four measurements per animal at 1-week intervals, were studied for 6 h after the ingestion of test meals of 400 g basal diet (BD) or this diet supplemented with the bacteria (SP, AC and AB respectively). Areas of porto-arterial concentration differences (APACD) of G, Gal and LA were not influenced by the bacteria supplements. APACD of AN was significantly higher after the ingestion of the SP diet than that estimated for BD.
Dopamine Modulation of Membrane and Synaptic Properties of Interneurons in Rat Cerebral Cortex (1999)

Dopamine (DA) is an endogenous neuromodulator in the mammalian brain. However, it is still controversial how DA modulates excitability and input-output relations in cortical neurons. It was suggested that DA innervation of dendritic spines regulates glutamatergic inputs to pyramidal neurons, but no experiments were done to test this idea. By recording individual neurons under direct visualization we found that DA enhances inhibitory neuron excitability but decreases pyramidal cell excitability, through depolarization and hyperpolarization, respectively. Accordingly, DA also increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs). In the presence of TTX, DA did not affect the frequency, amplitude, or kinetics of miniature IPSCs and excitatory postsynaptic currents in inhibitory interneurons or pyramidal cells. Our results suggest that DA can directly excite cortical interneurons, but there is no detectable DA gate to regulate spontaneous GABA and glutamate release or the properties of postsynaptic GABA and glutamate receptors in neocortical neurons.
Plasmid-mediated Chloramphenicol Resistance in Staphylococcus hyicus (1989)

A small plasmid of 3.95 kb, encoding resistance to chloramphenicol (Cm) was detected in three of 33 Staphylococcus hyicus strains. The plasmid in each of the three strains was indistinguishable by Southern-blot hybridization and restriction enzyme analysis. It was shown by curing and by transformation to specify resistance to Cm. A preliminary restriction map of the plasmid, designated pSC2, is presented. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was demonstrated by enzyme assay and by SDS-PAGE of cell-free lysates of pSC2 transformants.
Fermentation and kinetics characteristics of a bioflocculant from potato starch wastewater and its application (2018)

Potato starch wastewater was used as fermentation medium for Rhodococcus erythropolis to produce bioflocculant. Kinetics of cell growth and bioflocculant production were firstly constructed. After fermentation for 60 h, 0.97 g of bioflocculant with polysaccharides nature was extracted from 1 L of fermentation liquor. Kinetics characteristics showed that cell growth and bioflocculant production could be simulated well with Logistic and Luedeking-Piret equations, respectively. When R. erythropolis was in logarithm growth phase, COD, ammonium, and TP of the potato starch wastewater medium were rapidly down to 1736, 188, and 146 mg/L, respectively, from 7836, 975, and 712 mg/L, while the medium's exactly pH value was almost not changed. Furthermore, bioflocculant flocculation can be used as an effective pretreatment way for potato starch wastewater, and it was feasible in actual treatment projects in Ronghua Starch Co., Ltd., Sichuan Province.
[How much water do we really need to drink?]. (2010)

Everywhere around us we see people sipping bottled water. In healthy people, the fluid balance is strictly regulated via osmoregulation by the hormone vasopressin and the kidneys, in combination with the thirst mechanism and drinking. Fluid intake comes from food, metabolism and beverages, including water. People lose fluid via the skin, respiration, faecal fluid and urinary output. The obligatory urine volume is determined by maximal renal concentrating ability and the solute load which must be excreted. Under normal circumstances of diet, exercise and climate the minimal urine output for healthy subjects is about 500 ml/day. Intake of more than 500 ml of fluids per day will result in the excretion of solute-free water. The recommended total daily fluid intake of 3,000 ml for men and of 2,200 ml for women is more than adequate. Higher fluid intake does not have any convincing health benefits, except perhaps in preventing (recurrent) kidney stones.
Design of a dual-polarized patch array for millimeter-wave applications (2016)

In this paper, a dual-polarized patch array is designed, fabricated, and measured at millimeter-wave band. This antenna array consists of two layers of substrates, and stacked square patches are adopted. The measured impedance bandwidth for the two ports is <;-10dB from 27 GHz to 29 GHz, and the measured isolation between the two ports is better than 36 dB within the bandwidth. The measured gains of the two ports at 28 GHz are 19.7 dBi and 19.1 dBi, respectively.
A 60GHz double-layer waveguide slot array with more than 32dBi and 80% efficiency over 5GHz bandwidth fabricated by diffusion bonding of laminated thin metal plates (2010)

This paper presents a high gain of 32 dBi with a wide bandwidth of 8 % for high efficiency of 80 % in a 60 GHz double-layer corporate-feed hollow-waveguide slot array produced with copper.
Voice Conversion Using Conditional CycleGAN (2018)

Voice conversion (VC) modifies characteristics of speech, such as gender and speaker identities. The VC can be applied to various tasks including speaking assistance and speaker anonymization. Generally, such VC techniques require parallel speech data for training, which is very expensive. Recently, voice conversion has been accomplished using CycleGAN, which does not require parallel speech data. In this paper, we further extend the idea of using CycleGAN to convert multiple speakers' voices by conditioning the CycleGAN using speaker identity information.
Steady and Transient Fluid Shear Stress Stimulate NO Release in Osteoblasts Through Distinct Biochemical Pathways (1999)

Fluid flow has been shown to be a potent stimulus in osteoblasts and osteocytes and may therefore play an important role in load-induced bone remodeling. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of flow-activated pathways. Previously we reported that fluid flow stimulates rapid and continuous release of nitric oxide (NO) in primary rat calvarial osteoblasts. Here we demonstrate that flow-induced NO release is mediated by shear stress and that this response is distinctly biphasic. Transients in shear stress associated with the onset of flow stimulated a burst in NO production (8.2 nmol/mg of protein/h), while steady flow stimulated sustained NO production (2.2 nmol/mg of protein/h). Both G-protein inhibition and calcium chelation abolished the burst phase but had no effect on sustained production. Activation of G-proteins stimulated dose-dependent NO release in static cultures of both calvarial osteoblasts and UMR-106 osteoblast-like cells. Pertussis toxin had no effect on NO release. Calcium ionophore stimulated low levels of NO production within 15 minutes but had no effect on sustained production. Taken together, these data suggest that fluid shear stress stimulates NO release by two distinct pathways: a G-protein and calcium-dependent phase sensitive to flow transients, and a G-protein and calcium-independent pathway stimulated by sustained flow.