gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and x-ray structure of a Diels-Alder adduct of fullerene C60 (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and x-ray structure of a Diels-Alder adduct of fullerene C60Yves Rubin, Saeed Khan, Daron I. Freedberg, and Chahan YeretzianCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 1, 344–345Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00054a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00054a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views827Altmetric-Citations237LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Accuracy of diagnosis of persistent vegetative state (1993)

We reviewed pre-admission diagnosis in all patients referred for inpatient brain injury neurorehabilitation over a 5-year period (n = 193). All patients more than 1 month postinjury with diagnosis of coma or persistent vegetative state were selected for review (n = 49). We found that 18 (37%) of these patients were diagnosed inaccurately. Inaccurate diagnosis was more likely if the injury was more than 3 months before admission and the etiology of injury was trauma (48%). Results were statistically significant when traumatic injuries were compared with anoxic injuries (p < 0.10). Errors in diagnosis may result from confusion in terminology, lack of extended observation of patients, and lack of skill or training in the assessment of neurologically devastated patients.
Development of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Powder Slush Material for Interior Parts (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) Powder Slush material for automotive interior parts, like instrument panels and door trim was developed as an alternative material for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Powder Slush.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Generally, TPU has poor anti-alcohol performance. However this performance has to be improved for automotive interior parts because the common cleaner solvent for interior parts usually contains some type of alcohol. Through our study of various TPU formulas, sufficient anti-alcohol performance was achieved by introducing aromatic polyol.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Due to negative effects of aromatic polyol for low temperature and melting properties, additional study for plasticizer was essential. These properties are important for air bag deployment performance and moldability of powder slush. In order to solve these problems, various types and amounts of plasticizer were studied. Benzoic ester produced the best balance between compatibility with urethane polymer and anti-fogging performance.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Moreover, the powdering process is also a key technology in the development of TPU powder. The shape and diameter of the powder were optimized by polymerization in an aqueous dispersion process rather than the conventional powdering method of cryogenic grinding.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Interior automotive parts that use this TPU slush powder met our vehicle requirements and were introduced on TOYOTA'S flagship cars CELSIOR and LEXUS LS430 in 2000.</div>
Observations of Accelerated Hydriding in Zirconium Alloys (1984)

During aqueous corrosion of zirconium alloys, a fraction of the hydrogen generated by the metal-water reaction is absorbed by the metal. This hydriding can result in a loss of ductility in zirconium alloy components if hydrogen absorption is appreciable. Tests have shown that hydriding can be accelerated in zirconium alloys when they are coupled to other metals. The degree of acceleration was found to be influenced by the nature of the dissimilar metal, the amount of hydrogen dissolved in the water, the composition of the zirconium alloy, and the presence of neutron radiation. Tests in light water (H2O) and heavy water (D2O) have shown that hydrogen is preferentially absorbed over deuterium during aqueous corrosion in these media. In neutral water at 360°C, hydrogen absorption by zirconium alloys in H2O was up to twice as great as the equivalent hydrogen absorbed in reactor-grade D2O. In tests with D2O where alkalinity was maintained with lithium hydroxide, hydrogen rather than deuterium was the predominant species absorbed. Results and observations from these tests are discussed in terms of the current understanding of hydrogen absorption mechanisms.
Thrombin promotes actin stress fiber formation in RPE through Rho/ROCK‐mediated MLC phosphorylation (2010)

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms the outer blood-retina barrier (BRB). Most retinal diseases involve BRB breakdown, whereupon thrombin contained in serum directly contacts the RPE. Thrombin is known to promote actin stress fiber formation, an important determinant in eye diseases involving the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of RPE cells, such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We analyzed thrombin effect on signaling pathways leading to myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and actin stress fiber formation in primary cultures of rat RPE cells, in order to support a role for thrombin in RPE transdifferentiation. MLC phosphorylation was measured by Western blot; actin cytoskeleton was visualized using immunofluorescent phalloidin, and Rho GTPase activation was assessed by ELISA. We showed that thrombin/PAR-1 induces the time- and dose-dependent phosphorylation of MLC through the activation of Rho/ROCK and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). ROCK increased phospho-MLC by phosphorylating MLC and by inhibiting MLC phosphatase. Thrombin effect was abolished by the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632, whereas MLCK inhibitor ML-7 and PLC-β inhibitor U73122 attenuated MLC phosphorylation by ≈50%, suggesting the activation of MLCK by PLC-β-mediated calcium increase. Additionally, thrombin-induced MLC phosphorylation was blocked by the inhibitory PKCζ pseudosubstrate, wortmannin, and LY294002, indicating IP(3)/PKCζ involvement in the control of MLC phosphorylation. Moreover, we demonstrated that thrombin effect on MLC induces actin stress fiber formation, since this effect was prevented by inhibiting the pathways leading to MLC phosphorylation. We conclude that thrombin stimulation of MLC phosphorylation and actin stress fiber formation may be involved in thrombin-induced RPE cell transformation subsequent to BRB dysfunction.
Molecular-scale properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>MoO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>-doped pentacene (2010)

The mechanisms of molecular doping in organic electronic materials are explored through investigation of pentacene $p$-doped with molybdenum trioxide $({\text{MoO}}_{3})$. Doping is confirmed with ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Isolated dopants are imaged at the molecular scale using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and effects due to localized holes are observed. The results demonstrate that donated charges are localized by the counterpotential of ionized dopants in ${\text{MoO}}_{3}$-doped pentacene, generalizing similar effects previously observed for pentacene doped with tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane. Such localized hole effects are only observed for low molecular weight ${\text{MoO}}_{3}$ species. It is shown that for larger ${\text{MoO}}_{3}$ polymers and clusters, the ionized dopant potential is sufficiently large as to mask the effect of the localized hole in STM images. Current-voltage measurements recorded using scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveal that electron conductivity decreases in ${\text{MoO}}_{3}$-doped films, as expected for electron capture and $p$-doping.
Evaluation of base-reinforced pavements using a heavy vehicle simulator (2005)

Four full-scale flexible pavement test sections were constructed to evaluate pavement performance containing three geosynthetic reinforcement products. The test sections were constructed in an indoor facility and loaded with a heavy vehicle simulator equipped with a dual tire standard truck half axle. Stress and strain sensors were embedded in the pavement test sections, and a surface profiler was used to monitor rutting. A significant improvement in rutting, due to the development of permanent strain in the pavement and soil layers, was observed in all reinforced sections. The order of performance of the reinforced test sections corresponded to that observed in a previous study using a smaller-scale facility where a repeated traffic load was applied to a stationary plate. The benefit values, defined in terms of a traffic benefit ratio, were comparable between the two test facilities, but lower for the moving wheel load. Mechanisms of reinforcement were also seen to be similar between the two facilities. Comparison of benefit values predicted from a design model developed in a previous project showed that the model offered predictions that were consistent in trend yet conservative in magnitude.
Diazirines. II. Synthesis and properties of small functionalized diazirine molecules. Observations on the reaction of a diaziridine with the iodine-iodide ion system (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiazirines. II. Synthesis and properties of small functionalized diazirine molecules. Observations on the reaction of a diaziridine with the iodine-iodide ion systemRobert F. R. Church and Martin J. WeissCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 8, 2465–2471Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00833a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00833a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4063Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using IMM adaptive estimator in GPS positioning (2002)

The interacting multiple model (IMM) adaptive estimator is used as a means of improving the GPS receiver positioning performance in various dynamic conditions. Each Kalman filter is considered to be locally valid, applicable over a region of the working space defined by the filter conditioning value. Three dynamic models correspond to the stationary, low dynamic, and high dynamic working space. A numerical study is used to demonstrate the viability of the concept. In comparison with previous methodology, the new, IMM based method leads to an improvement in GPS position accuracy.
Expression of a celery mannose 6‐phosphate reductase in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> enhances salt tolerance and induces biosynthesis of both mannitol and a glucosyl‐mannitol dimer (2003)

ABSTRACT Mannitol, a sugar alcohol that may serve as a compatible solute to cope with salt stress, is synthesized via the action of a mannose‐6‐phosphate reductase (M6PR) in celery ( Apium graveolens L) . In contrast to previous approaches that have used a bacterial gene to engineer mannitol biosynthesis in plants and other organisms, Arabidopsis thaliana , a non‐mannitol producer, was transformed with the celery leaf M6PR gene under control of the CaMV 35S promotor. In all independent Arabidopsis M6PR transformants, mannitol accumulated throughout the plants in amounts ranging from 0·5 to 6 µ mol g −1 fresh weight. A novel compound, not found in either celery or Arabidopsis , 1‐O‐ β ‐ d ‐glucopyranosyl‐ d ‐mannitol, also accumulated in vegetative tissues of mature plants in amounts up to 4 µ mol g −1 fresh weight, but not in flowers and seeds. In the absence of NaCl, all transformants were phenotypically the same as the wild type; however, in the presence of NaCl, mature transgenic plants showed a high level of salt tolerance, i.e. growing, completing normal development, flowering, and producing seeds in soil irrigated with 300 m m NaCl in the nutrient solution. These results demonstrate a major role in developing salt‐tolerant plants by means of introducing mannitol biosynthesis using M6PR.
Potential Diagnostic Systems for Coronavirus Detection: a Critical Review (2020)

Abstract Currently there are no effective anti-viral drugs for SARS-CoV-2, so the primary line of defense is to detect infected cases as soon as possible. The high rate of contagion for this virus and the highly nonspecific symptoms of the disease (Coronovirus disease 2019, (Covid-19)) that it causes, such as respiratory symptoms, cough, dyspnea, fever, and viral pneumonia, require the urgent establishment of precise and fast diagnostic tests to verify suspected cases, screen patients, and conduct virus surveillance. Nowadays, several virus detection methods are available for viral diseases, which act on specific properties of each virus or virus family, therefore, further investigations and trials are needed to find a highly efficient and accurate detection method to detect and prevent the outcomes of the disease. Hence, there is an urgent need for more and precise studies in this field. In this review, we discussed the properties of a new generation of coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2) following routine virus detection methods and proposed new strategies and the use of potential samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Graphical Abstract
The effect of age on protein synthesis in mouse liver (1969)

1. A system of microsomes and 105000g supernatant from livers of old mice is less able to promote the incorporation of [(14)C]phenylalanine into protein than a similar system from livers of young animals. 2. The decrease in [(14)C]phenylalanine incorporation is attributable to changes in microsomes from old animals rather than in the cell-sap fraction. 3. Decreased synthetic ability is found in various classes of microsomes from older animals, namely unfractionated, light and heavy microsomes, but not in detergent-washed ribonucleoprotein particles. 4. Deletions of certain detergent-soluble microsomal proteins accompany the decreased synthetic ability of microsomes from older animals. 5. Microsomes from old mice are less responsive to a synthetic messenger RNA, polyuridylic acid, and this is partly due to a higher rate of hydrolysis in the presence of cell sap from animals of extreme age. 6. Other more direct evidence, from the priming of a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from bacteria and the examination of ribonucleoprotein particles on sucrose density gradients, suggests that senescence is accompanied by a decrease in messenger RNA content.
PPAR-γ Gene Expression Is Elevated in Skeletal Muscle of Obese and Type II Diabetic Subjects (1997)

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor PPAR-gamma has been identified as a nuclear receptor for thiazolidenediones, which are compounds with insulin-sensitizing properties in several tissues, including skeletal muscle. To determine whether this receptor is expressed and possibly involved in insulin action/resistance in skeletal muscle, PPAR-gamma mRNA abundance and its regulation by insulin were quantified in muscle tissue and cultures from lean and obese nondiabetic and type II diabetic subjects using competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In muscle biopsy specimens, PPAR-gamma mRNA was elevated in obese nondiabetic and type II diabetic subjects (23.4 +/- 4.2 and 28.0 +/- 5.69 x 10(3) copies/microg total RNA, respectively; both P < 0.05) compared with lean nondiabetic control subjects (9.4 +/- 2.3 x 10(3) copies/microg total RNA). Significant positive correlations were present among skeletal muscle PPAR-gamma mRNA levels, BMI (r = 0.67, P < 0.01), and fasting insulin concentration (r = 0.76, P < 0.001). PPAR-gamma mRNA levels were also elevated in muscle cultures from type II diabetic subjects compared with lean nondiabetic control subjects (330.1 +/- 52.9 vs. 192.1 +/- 27.0 x 10(3) copies/microg total RNA, P < 0.05). Insulin stimulation of muscle tissue (by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp for 3-4 h) or muscle cultures (30 nmol/l for 120 min) stimulated PPAR-gamma mRNA expression up to fourfold (10.0 +/- 2.7 to 41.3 +/- 7.4 x 10(3) copies/microg total RNA, P < 0.05, and 174.9 +/- 56.9 to 268.2 +/- 78.6 x 10(3) copies/microg total RNA, P < 0.05, respectively). In summary, PPAR-gamma mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle is acutely regulated by insulin and is increased in both obese nondiabetic and type II diabetic subjects in direct relation to BMI and fasting insulinemia. We conclude that abnormalities of PPAR-gamma may be involved in skeletal muscle insulin resistance of obesity and type II diabetes.
Structure and Interfacial Aspects of Self-Assembled Cationic Lipid−DNA Gene Carrier Complexes (1998)

Cationic lipid−DNA (CL−DNA) complexes were recently found to exhibit a novel multilamellar structure composed of alternating lipid bilayer and DNA monolayer with distinct interhelical DNA spacings (Rädler et al. Science 1997, 275, 810). We report on the aggregation behavior, morphology, and interfacial properties related to the solution structure of DOPC/DOTAP−DNA complexes. Using optical microscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, we found two discrete regimes for the complex size and surface charge as a function of the lipid-to-DNA mass ratio. The regimes correspond to the coexistence of complexes with either excess DNA or excess liposomes, characterized by a negative and positive surface potential of the complexes, respectively. The internal structure in these cases exhibited different but constant DNA packing distances of 35 and 46 Å, respectively. The regimes are separated by a transition region around the isoelectric point, where the number of cationic lipids equals the number of DNA phosphate groups. At the isoelectric point the average complex size diverged and the DNA packing spacing is described by a simple volume fraction calculation. The complex formation occurred on three time scales: rapid condensation, a slower colloidal aggregation, and finally, a long term reorganization or compaction. Complexes with positive surface charge were shown to adhere to negatively charged giant liposomes.
Differential charging control on solar arrays for geosynchronous spacecraft (1993)

At geosynchronous altitudes, electrostatic discharges on solar arrays are a suspected cause of operational problems on spacecraft. An environmentally stable, conductive solar-cell coating eliminates discharges without introducing the significant power loss associated with previous conductive coatings. The coating has two layers: an inner conducting layer with significantly reduced thickness (to reduce power absorption), and an outer MgF/sub 2/ antireflective layer that protects the conducting layer against environmental degradation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polyoxyethylene di-phosphonates as dispersing agents (2007)

New polymeric dispersing agents designed to stabilize and lower the viscosity of aqueous mineral suspensions have been synthesized and studied. These dispersants are made of a non-ionic hydrosoluble polymer (polyethylene oxide) with a functional group (diphosphonate) having a strong affinity for the mineral surfaces attached at one end of the macromolecular chains. This molecular architecture allows a brush-like adsorption at the solid surface which differs from conventional homopolymer dispersants such as polyacrylates. The adsorption of these dispersants onto calcium carbonate as a model mineral and the rheological behavior of concentrated aqueous colloidal dispersions of CaCO3 particles were studied. Strong adsorption by the polymer chain-end provides an enhanced colloidal stability of the suspensions of CaCO3 particles. The addition of the dispersing polymer causes a deaggregation of the initially flocculated CaCO3 particles, which results in a drastic reduction of the viscosity of the concentrated suspensions. Thus, the viscosity of a 20 wt% CaCO3 suspension in water at pH=11 is lowered to 2 mPa s upon the addition of a low concentration of polymer. Comparison with polyacrylate dispersants shows the advantages of such a diblock macromolecular structure with a non-ionic polymeric part at high solid contents and high ionic strengths.
Thermoacoustic Separation of a He-Ar Mixture (2000)

We report observation of a new mixture-separation process: an insonified mixture of helium and argon in a narrow duct spatially separates along the acoustic-propagation axis. We measure mole-fraction differences across the ends of the duct as large as 7%. We measure initial separation flux densities as high as 10(-3) M2 c, where M is the acoustic Mach number and c is the sound speed. This initial separation flux, as a function of both the amplitudes and the relative phasing of the pressure and velocity oscillations in the duct, agrees well with a recent theory involving oscillating thermal diffusion in the acoustic boundary layer.
Robust ARMA analysis as an aid in developing parameter control rules for a pole-zero cascade speech synthesizer (2002)

Two methods for deriving synthesizer control rules are discussed. In one approach a trained phonetician interprets the results of a robust autoregressive moving average (RARMA) analysis and makes a separation between spectral events attributable to the source and the vocal tract, respectively, in order to derive rules for controlling the poles and zeros in the tract model. This procedure appears to be fruitful but rather time-consuming. In the other approach an attempt is made to support the procedure as much as possible by automatic enhancement of the analysis results. The experiments indicate that RARMA analysis delivers reliable pole and zero tracks that can be associated with dynamic characteristics of the vocal tract.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>