gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene Microarrays Reveal Extensive Differential Gene Expression in Both CD4+ and CD8+ Type 1 and Type 2 T Cells (2001)

An important subdivision of effector T cells can be made based on patterns of cytokine production and functional programs. Type 1 T cells produce IFN-gamma and protect against viral pathogens, whereas type 2 cells produce cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 and protect against large extracellular parasites. Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells can be polarized into type 1 or type 2 cytokine-secreting cells, suggesting that both populations play a regulatory role in immune responses. In this study, we used high-density oligonucleotide arrays to produce a comprehensive picture of gene expression in murine CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 cells, as well as CD8(+) type 1 and type 2 T cells. Polarized type 1 and 2 cells transcribed mRNA for an unexpectedly large number of genes, most of which were expressed in a similar fashion between type 1 and type 2 cells. However, >100 differentially expressed genes were identified for both the CD4(+) and CD8(+) type 1 and 2 subsets, many of which have not been associated with T cell polarization. These genes included cytokines, transcription factors, molecules involved in cell migration, as well as genes with unknown function. The program for type 1 or type 2 polarization was similar for CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells, since gene expression patterns were roughly the same. The expression of select genes was confirmed using real-time PCR. The identification of genes associated with T cell polarization may give important insights into functional and phenotypic differences between effector T cell subsets and their role in normal responses and inflammatory disease.
Transcriptome Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultured in Human Burn Wound Exudates (2018)

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a severe opportunistic pathogen and is one of the major causes of hard to treat burn wound infections. Herein we have used an RNA-seq transcriptomic approach to study the behavior of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 growing directly on human burn wound exudate. A chemical analysis of compounds used by this bacterium, coupled with kinetics expression of central genes has allowed us to obtain a global view of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> physiological and metabolic changes occurring while growing on human burn wound exudate. In addition to the numerous virulence factors and their secretion systems, we have found that all iron acquisition mechanisms were overexpressed. Deletion and complementation with pyoverdine demonstrated that iron availability was a major limiting factor in burn wound exudate. The quorum sensing systems, known to be important for the virulence of <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, although moderately induced, were activated even at low cell density. Analysis of bacterial metabolism emphasized importance of lactate, lipid and collagen degradation pathways. Overall, this work allowed to designate, for the first time, a global view of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> characteristics while growing in human burn wound exudate and highlight the possible therapeutic approaches to combat <i>P. aeruginosa</i> burn wound infections.
Unsupervised Joint Object Discovery and Segmentation in Internet Images (2013)

We present a new unsupervised algorithm to discover and segment out common objects from large and diverse image collections. In contrast to previous co-segmentation methods, our algorithm performs well even in the presence of significant amounts of noise images (images not containing a common object), as typical for datasets collected from Internet search. The key insight to our algorithm is that common object patterns should be salient within each image, while being sparse with respect to smooth transformations across other images. We propose to use dense correspondences between images to capture the sparsity and visual variability of the common object over the entire database, which enables us to ignore noise objects that may be salient within their own images but do not commonly occur in others. We performed extensive numerical evaluation on established co-segmentation datasets, as well as several new datasets generated using Internet search. Our approach is able to effectively segment out the common object for diverse object categories, while naturally identifying images where the common object is not present.
Flexible Security Protocol in Collaborative Editing Environment: An Overview (2009)

This paper proposes flexible security protocol for synchronous and asynchronous collaborative editing environment. The flexible security protocol comprises of preventive and corrective measures. The preventive measures ensure user authentication, access control and data confidentiality. The corrective measure includes fault tolerant measures to ensure data integrity.
Studies on Biochemical Transformation of Plant Steroids. Part II. Biochemical Conversion of Gitogenin into 12-Oxygenated Sapogenins in Hosta kiyosumiensis F. MAEK (1968)

From the examination of yields of sapogenins isolated from Hosta kiyosumiensis F. MAEK in each season, it was assumed that gitogenin is oxidized to the 12-oxygenated sapogenins in the hypogeous part of the plant in winter. In order to confirm this assumption, [27-14C]-gitogenin was incubated with the homogenate from the hypogeous part of the plant at 37°for 6 hr. The result from this experiment indicates the conversion of gitogenin into the 12-oxygenated sapogenins by the action of the plant enzyme.
Risk factors and outcome of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis recurrence in adult renal transplant recipients (2005)

This study confirms the benefit to identify in the future clinical or biological predictive risk factors for NS recurrence after renal transplantation. It also indicates that donor age is a reliable risk factor for recurrence in adult recipients and suggests for the first time a possible opposite relationship between recurrent FSGS and acute rejection.
Effects of caloric intake on anticancer therapy in rats with valine‐depleted amino acid imbalance (1997)

Valine-depleted amino acid imbalance solution markedly inhibits tumor growth but causes fatty liver as a side effect. However, much remains unknown about the mechanism of the development of fatty liver. Valine-depleted amino acid imbalance solution containing various concentrations of calories was administered to tumor-bearing rats for four days by means of total parenteral nutritional methods to investigate the interaction of caloric intake and the development of fatty liver. Compared with the total parenteral nutrition control group the triglyceride content of the liver rose significantly in the group given valine-depleted amino acid imbalance solution with an increase in caloric intake. Plasma total protein and albumin significantly decreased. The very-low-density lipoprotein concentration in serum was also significantly lower than that in the control group. Valine-depleted amino acid imbalance caused hypoproteinemia, suggesting a fall in synthesis of apolipoproteins in the liver indispensable for lipid release. Along with the increase in the total caloric intake, triglyceride synthesis in the liver increased, resulting in augmentation of fatty content of the liver, probably because of the decreased lipid release.
Stress system changes associated with marijuana dependence may increase craving for alcohol and cocaine (2012)

Findings provide some support for drug cross-sensitization in terms of motivational processes associated with stress-related and cue-related craving and relapse.
Assembly of Spirooxindole Derivatives Containing Four Consecutive Stereocenters via Organocatalytic Michael–Henry Cascade Reactions (2012)

A novel organocatalytic strategy for the synthesis of highly substituted spirocyclopentaneoxindoles was developed employing simple nitrostyrenes and 3-substituted oxindoles as starting materials. Michael-Henry cascade reactions, enabled through cinchona alkaloid organocatalysis, provided products in high yield and excellent enantioselectivity in a single step.
The Great Recession and Mental Health in the United States (2019)

The full scope of the impact of The Great Recession on individuals' mental health has not been quantified to date. This study aimed to determine whether financial, job-related, and housing impacts experienced by individuals during the recession predicted changes in the occurrence of symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, panic attacks, and problematic alcohol or other substance use. Longitudinal survey data (<i>n</i> = 2,530 to <i>n</i> = 3,293) were analyzed from the national Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study collected before (2003-2004) and after (2012-2013) The Great Recession. The population-level trend was towards improvements in mental health over time. However, for individuals each recession impact experienced was associated with long-lasting and transdiagnostic declines in mental health. These relationships were stronger for some sociodemographic groups, suggesting the need for additional support for people who suffer marked losses during recessions and for those without a strong safety net.
Hyperthermia Therapy for Warts Utilizing a Self-administered Exothermic Patch (1996)

Warts are difficult to treat in part because there are no specific anti-Papillomavirus drugs or methods available. We describe our clinical experience in successfully treating two patients with recalcitrant warts using the exothermic patch.
The Philosophy of Chrysippus. (1972)

Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Locke’s Philosophy of Science and Knowledge : A Consideration of Some Aspects of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. By R. S. Woolhotjse (Oxford: Blackwell. 1971. Pp. xiii + 204. Price £2.75) Gerard Watson Gerard Watson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 22, Issue 88, July 1972, Pages 268–269, https://doi.org/10.2307/2218238 Published: 01 July 1972
Chest Radiography and Echocardiography Predictors of Early Hemodialysis Catheter Dysfunction (2012)

Purpose: To determine whether radiographic heart morphology and echocardiography findings were associated with early central venous catheter (CVC) failure in hemodialysis patients. Materials & Methods: All hemodialysis catheter insertions between 1996-2007 were captured in a combined nephrology radiology database. Factors were identified that may be associated with early catheter failure. Factors examined included: echocardiography findings, radiographic evidence of flattened heart border, boot-shaped heart and left ventricular hypertrophy as well as patient comorbidities and peri-procedural characteristics. Results: Of the 132 CVC failures in 132 patients, 67 (50.8%) occurred within 30 days of insertion. Early CVC failure was more likely to occur in patients who had insertions from the left side (?2, p = 0.020) and with catheter tip position outside the cavoatrial junction (?2, p = 0.040). CVC failure rates also differed by year of placement (?2, p < 0.01), if the patient had evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (?2, p = 0.030), left systolic dysfunction (?2, p = 0.030), and hypokinetic right wall mechanics (?2, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Radiographic findings of left ventricular hypertrophy and echocardiography findings of left systolic dysfunction were found to be associated with early failure.
Studies in Ageing of the Brain (1972)

Patients with presenile and senile forms of Alzheimer's disease showed increased silicon (Si) in the isolated cores and in the rims of the senile plaques. The increased Si was substantially above background (3 to 50 times). Silicon was not increased as much in patients having Alzheimer changes as part of Down's syndrome. Cortical neurons in Alzheimer's disease showed no increase in Si compared with control neurons. However, Alzheimer neurons with neurofibrillary tangles had more Si than did those neurons without tangles. Silicon was also increased in corpora amylacea of two of three patients with Alzheimer's disease. The increase in Si in neurons with the neurofibrillary change was proportionately greater than that of iron. Indeed, there was no consistent increase in iron in Alzheimer's neurons. The present findings point to a discrete and focal increase in Si. The precise relationship between Si, ageing, and Alzheimer's disease remains to be determined.
Introduction of plasmid DNA into the trypanosomatid protozoan Crithidia fasciculata. (1986)

Crithidia fasciculata cells were treated with a plasmid (pDK96) containing pBR322 sequences, a Leishmania tarentolae maxicircle autonomously replicating sequence, and the bacterial gene for aminoglycoside 3' phosphotransferase I inserted between the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase 1 promotor and terminator sequences. Resistant colonies were selected on agar plates containing paromomycin and screened for vector DNA by hybridization. Approximately 1% of the resistant colonies contained detectable vector DNA, which was present as extrachromosomal closed circular molecules ranging in copy number from 1 to 160 per cell. The plasmids could be recovered from Escherichia coli transformed to ampicillin resistance with Crithidia total cell DNA. Most of the recovered plasmids were a deleted product of pDK96, which lacked the maxicircle autonomously replicating sequence and contained a unique fragment of Crithidia nuclear DNA present at a low copy number in the wild-type genome. The plasmid DNA in resistant Crithidia was unstable even under selective conditions and was lost within 30 cell divisions.
Work-life Balance: Experiences of Women in the Australian Construction Industry (2006)

Around the world women s participation in the paid workforce has increased exponentially over the past 30 years. This is no less evident than in Australia where there has been a momentous rise in women s participation. In 1964 women comprised 28 percent of total employment in Australia; by January 2004, this had increased to 44 percent (Equity Statistics Australia 2004). Despite this momentous rise, women still remain under-represented in managerial roles, tending to be clustered in administration and service roles (Palmero, 2004).
Laminin-311 (Laminin-6) Fiber Assembly by Type I-like Alveolar Cells (2006)

Two epithelial cell types cover the alveolar surface of the lung. Type II alveolar epithelial cells produce surfactant and, during development or following wounding, give rise to type I cells that are involved in gas exchange and alveolar fluid homeostasis. In culture, freshly isolated alveolar type II cells assume a more squamous (type I-like) appearance within 4 days after plating. They assemble numerous focal adhesions that associate with the actin cytoskeleton at the cell margins. These alveolar epithelial cells lose expression of type II cell markers including SP-C and after 4 days in culture express the type I cell marker T1alpha. Those cells that express T1alpha also deposit fibers of laminin-311 in their matrix. The latter appears to be related to their development of a type I phenotype because freshly isolated, primary type I cells also assemble laminin-311-rich fibers in vitro. A beta1 integrin antibody antagonist inhibits the assembly of laminin-311 matrix fibers. Moreover, the formation of laminin fibers is dependent on the activity of the small GTPases and is perturbed by ML-7, a myosin light chain kinase inhibitor. In summary, our data indicate that assembly of laminin-311 fibers by lung epithelial cells is integrin and actin cytoskeleton dependent, and that these fibers are characteristic of type I alveolar cells.
Detoxifying effect of fermented black ginseng on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells (2014)

Fermented black ginseng (FBG) is prepared by repeated steaming and drying processes with fresh ginseng followed by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It has recently been shown to have several bioactivities. FBG contains crude saponin (1,440 µg/ml), ginsenoside Rg2 (2.86 µg/ml), ginsenoside Rg3 (24.52 µg/ml), ginsenoside Rh1 (12.64 µg/ml), ginsenoside Rh2 (0.63 µg/ml) and ginsenoside Rf (1.32 µg/ml). The present study investigated the antioxidant defense properties of FBG against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated oxidative stress in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2O2 was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner when the cells were pre-treated with FBG (10-50 µg/ml). FBG induced both the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the H2O2-treated HepG2 cells. The inhibitory effects of FBG on the phosphorylation of upstream mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 were also observed. Overall, our results demonstrate that FBG protects HepG2 cells from oxidative stress through the induction of antioxidant enzyme activity and the inhibition of MAPK pathways.
Transient behavior of optimized nipiin three-color detectors (1998)

The detection of the fundamental components of the visible light (blue, green, red) is realized with a multispectral photodiode based on amorphous silicon. The preferential carrier collection region of this two-terminal device shifts upon changing the applied bias voltage, which leads to a color sensitivity. Structures with controlled bandgap and mobility-lifetime product exhibit a dynamic behavior above 95 dB. Three linearly independent spectral response curves can be extracted to generate a RGB-(red-green-blue)-signal. Bias voltage switching experiments under different monochromatic illumination conditions are carried out to investigate the time-dependent behavior. Furthermore, in order to improve the understanding of the photocurrent transients, we have characterized the voltage-dependent capacitance behavior, Thus, a Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) model including the capacitance-voltage (CV) data has been developed, which describes the transient behavior of the detector. The simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data and allow an interpretation of the transient photocurrent response after bias voltage switching. Based on these results, optimization criteria to improve the transient behavior are discussed.
Infiltration and Inversion of Holographically Defined Polymer Photonic Crystal Templates by Atomic Layer Deposition (2006)

Practical methods of microfabrication are vital for the development of photonic-crystal-based signal processing. However, extension of the optical methods that dominate integrated circuit fabrication to three dimensions is challenging. This communication reports an essential step for creation of devices operating within a full photonic band gap: atomic layer deposition is used to create the high-index TiO2 replicas of holographically defined photonic crystals shown in the figure.
From metallic cages to transient bioresorbable scaffolds: change in paradigm of coronary revascularization in the upcoming decade? (2011)

Drug-eluting bioresorbable scaffolds (BRSs) may in the near future change drastically the landscape of percutaneous coronary revascularization.1 In 1977, when Andreas Gruentzig introduced the concept of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, the most feared enemy of the operators was acute occlusion of the dilated lesion due to a combination of elastic recoil and intimal and medial dissection, sometimes aggravated by intraparietal haematoma ( Figure 1 ).2 Surgical standby was a sine qua non condition for the safe performance of the percutaneous treatment. At short term, proliferative neointima and constrictive remodelling could dissipate the transient benefit of the therapeutic dilatation of the stenosis. However, in the case of favourable healing following the barotrauma, late lumen enlargement, plaque regression, and vessel remodelling could occur and be modulated by change in life style, preventive medicine, and pharmacological anti-atherosclerotic agents.3 



Figure 1 
This schematic illustration depicts the evolution of percutaneous coronary revascularization from balloon angioplasty (BA), bare-metal stents (BMS), and drug-eluting metallic stents (DES) to vascular reparative therapy (VRT). ‘+’ implies prevented or not restricted, while ‘−’ implies not prevented, or restricted. NA, not applicable because of the absence of stent; ST, stent thrombosis.



In 1986, the introduction of metallic scaffolds was initially perceived as an ad hoc solution to the problem of acute vessel occlusion ( Figure 1 ).4–6 But the implantation of the metallic endoluminal prosthesis in a thrombogenic milieu was considered as a double-edged sword. (‘The bailout stent. Is a friend in need always a friend indeed?’7) Nevertheless, scaffolding dissected post-balloon dilatation with a metallic mesh …
ANALISIS METODE SISTEM PAKAR UNTUK MENENTUKAN JENIS PENYAKIT DALAM DENGAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR (2017)

ABSTRAKPenyakit dalam memiliki banyak variasi indikasi dan gejala yang muncul hampir sama. Hal ini menyebabkan banyak tenaga medis, atau bahkan masyarakat umum merasa sulit untuk mengenali jenis penyakit apa yang sedang diderita.Aplikasi yang dikembangkan adalah sistem pakar yang digunakan untuk mendiagnosa penyakit dalam dengan menggunakan metode Certainty Factor. Diagnosa dilakukan dengan menganalisis masukan gejala dengan bentuk pertanyaan tentang apa yang diderita oleh pasien. Aplikasi ini dapat menggunakan tiga macam metode untuk melakukan kepakaran, yakni: wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang. Masukan gejala akan diproses dengan menggunakan aturan-aturan tertentu yang mengacu pada pengetahuan pakar atau dokter yang telah disimpan dalam kaidah diagnosa.Hasil dari sistem pakar ini adalah satu penyakit yang mempunyai nilai kepastian terbesar. Nilai faktor kepastian tergantung pada berapa banyak kecocokan antara masukan gejala dan penyakit serta nilai faktor kepastian untuk setiap gejala penyakit. Dari angka-angka yang diperoleh dapat dipastikan bahwa analisis dengan menggunakan metode wawancara mendapat hasil kepastian paling besar jika dibandingkan dengan kedua metode lainnya.Kata kunci: certainty factor, penyakit dalam, sistem pakar.
Comparative mycobacterial genomics as a tool for drug target and antigen discovery (2002)

Genomics and the associated downstream technologies are generating vast data sets that provide new opportunities for understanding and combating both infectious and genetic diseases in humans. The genomic approach has been applied to tuberculosis, a major cause of transmissible morbidity and mortality, with notable success. Complete genome sequences are now available for three members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and the related intracellular pathogen M. leprae. Many of the predictions generated in silico by genomics have been validated through functional analysis, including studies of the transcriptome and proteome, and led to the identification of essential genes. Knowledge of the latter defines potential targets for new and existing drugs and their specificity can be assessed by comparative genomics with the host or other pathogens. Genomics is also furthering tuberculosis vaccine development by pinpointing potentially antigenic proteins as well as providing better diagnostic tools to detect infection.
Implementation of HSSec: a high-speed cryptographic co-processor (2007)

In this paper a high-speed cryptographic coprocessor, named HSSec, is presented. The core embeds two hash functions, SHA-1 and SHA-512, and the symmetric block cipher AES. The architecture of HSSec renders it suitable for widely spread applications with security demands. The presented co-processor can be used in every system integrating standards such as IPSec or the upcoming JPSec and P1619. The main characteristic of the proposed implementation is common use of the available resources, to minimize further area requirements. Additionally the cryptographic primitives can operate in parallel, providing high throughput whenever needed. Finally the system can operate in ECB or CBC modes. The HSSec co-processor has relatively small area and its performance reaches 1 Gbps (AES, SHA-1 and SHA-512) for XILINX's Virtex II FPGA family.