gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immature Leukemic CD34 <sup>+</sup> CXCR4 <sup>+</sup> Cells from CML Patients Have Lower Integrin‐Dependent Migration and Adhesion in Response to the Chemokine SDF‐1 (2002)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a malignant myeloproliferative disorder originating from a pluripotent stem cell expressing the bcr-abl oncogene, is characterized by abnormal release of the expanded, malignant stem cell clone from the bone marrow (BM) into the circulation. Moreover, immature CD34+ CML cells have lower adhesion to stromal cells and fibronectin as well as lower engraftment potential in severe combined immunedeficient (SCID) and nonobese diabetic (NOD)/SCID mice than normal CD34+ cells. We report in this study that leukemic Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+)CD34+ cells from newly diagnosed CML patients that express the chemokine receptor CXCR4 migrate in response to stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). However, normal Ph-CD34+CXCR4+ cells derived from the same patient have significantly higher migration levels toward SDF-1. In contrast to their transwell migration potential, the SDF-1-mediated integrin-dependent polarization and migration of the Ph+CD34+CXCR4+ cells through extracellular matrix-like gels were significantly lower than for normal cells. Concomitantly, binding of these cells to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 or fibronectin, in the presence of SDF-1, was also substantially lower. These findings suggest a major role for SDF-1-mediated, integrin-dependent BM retention of Ph+CD34+ cells.
Wireless link adaptation policies: QoS for deadline constrained traffic with imperfect channel estimates (2003)

We present an optimal power and rate control policy for delay constrained traffic in next generation TDMA wireless systems. Our solution minimizes average transmit power while satisfying a constraint on the distribution of packets lost to deadline expiration. We also provide a means to account for erroneous and delayed channel estimates. Our results show the optimal power and rate adaptation may change dramatically as mobile speed and channel estimate delay increase. Finally, we present results from a simulation of a GSM EDGE mobile. This simulation incorporates industry standard wireless channels and performance data available from the Third Generation Partnership Project. When compared to the standard fixed-SIR power control policy, our algorithm provides a significant reduction in power consumption and mitigates some of the negative effects of delayed channel estimates.
Picolinamides as Effective Ligands for Copper‐Catalysed Aryl Ether Formation: Structure–Activity Relationships, Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Investigations (2014)

The use of picolinic acid amide derivatives as an effective family of bidentate ligands for copper-catalysed aryl ether synthesis is reported. A fluorine-substituted ligand gave good results in the synthesis of a wide range of aryl ethers. Even bulky phenols, known to be very challenging substrates, were shown to react with aryl iodides with excellent yields using these ligands. At the end of the reaction, the first examples of end-of-life Cu species were isolated and identified as Cu(II) complexes with several of the anionic ligands tested. A preliminary mechanistic investigation is reported that suggests that the substituents on the ligands might have a crucial role in determining the redox properties of the metal centre and, consequently, its efficacy in the coupling process. An understanding of these effects is important for the development of new efficient and tunable ligands for copper-based chemistry.
Impaired migration and delayed differentiation of pancreatic islet cells in mice lacking EGF-receptors (2000)

Pancreatic acini and islets are believed to differentiate from common ductal precursors through a process requiring various growth factors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) is expressed throughout the developing pancreas. We have analyzed here the pancreatic phenotype of EGF-R deficient (-/-) mice, which generally die from epithelial immaturity within the first postnatal week. The pancreata appeared macroscopically normal. The most striking feature of the EGF-R (-/-) islets was that instead of forming circular clusters, the islet cells were mainly located in streak-like structures directly associated with pancreatic ducts. Based on BrdU-labelling, proliferation of the neonatal EGF-R (-/-) beta-cells was significantly reduced (2.6+/-0.4 versus 5.8+/-0.9%, P<0.01) and the difference persisted even at 7-11 days of age. Analysis of embryonic pancreata revealed impaired branching morphogenesis and delayed islet cell differentiation in the EGF-R (-/-) mice. Islet development was analyzed further in organ cultures of E12.5 pancreata. The proportion of insulin-positive cells was significantly lower in the EGF-R (-/-) explants (27+/-6 versus 48+/-8%, P<0.01), indicating delayed differentiation of the beta cells. Branching of the epithelium into ducts was also impaired. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activity was reduced 20% in EGF-R (-/-) late-gestation pancreata, as measured by gelatinase assays. Furthermore, the levels of secreted plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were markedly higher, while no apparent differences were seen in the levels of active uPA and tPa between EGF-R (-/-) and wild-type pancreata. Our findings suggest that the perturbation of EGF-R-mediated signalling can lead to a generalized proliferation defect of the pancreatic epithelia associated with a delay in beta cell development and disturbed migration of the developing islet cells as they differentiate from their precursors. Upregulated PAI-1 production and decreased gelatinolytic activity correlated to this migration defect. An intact EGF-R pathway appears to be a prerequisite for normal pancreatic development.
A spherical-magnet end-effector for robotic magnetic manipulation (2015)

A variety of magnetic devices can be manipulated remotely using a single permanent “actuator” magnet positioned in space by a robotic manipulator. This paper presents the spherical-actuator-magnet manipulator (SAMM), which is designed to replace or augment the singularity-prone spherical wrist used by prior permanent-magnet manipulation systems. The SAMM uses three omniwheels to enable holonomic control of a spherical magnet's heading and enable the magnet's instantaneous axis-of-rotation to be set arbitrarily. The SAMM performs closed-loop control of its dipole using field measurements obtained from Hall-effect sensors. We describe the operation and construction of the SAMM, develop and characterize a controller for the SAMM's spherical magnet, and demonstrate remote actuation of an untethered magnetic device in a lumen.
IEEE 802.11 timing synchronization based wireless sensor system for vibration measurement (2008)

Network based wireless sensing has become an important area of research and various new applications for remote sensing are expected to emerge. One of the promising applications is structural health monitoring of building or civil engineering structure and it often requires vibration measurement. For the vibration measurement via wireless network, time synchronization is indispensable. In this paper, we introduce a newly developed time synchronized wireless sensor network system. The system employs IEEE 802.11 standard based TSF counter and sends the measured data with the counter value. TSF based synchronization enables consistency on common clock among different wireless nodes. We consider the scale effect on the synchronization accuracy and the effect is evaluated by stochastic analysis and simulation studies. A new wireless sensing system was developed and the hardware and software specifications are shown. The experiments were conducted in a reinforced concrete building and results showed that the system performed more than sufficiently.
Detection of Peroxynitrite (1995)

Peroxynitrite is the product of the nearly diffusion limited reaction between two free radicals, nitric oxide and superoxide. Peroxynitrite is a relatively long-lived, highly reactive species that can undergo harmful secondary oxidations of key cellular components. The reactivity of peroxynitrite is highly pH dependent and is influenced by the presence of metal, thiols, and bicarbonate. The products of some peroxynitrite reactions are indistinguishable from those derived form other reactive oxygen species and these products cannot be used for the detection of peroxynitrite in vivo. The detection of peroxynitrite in vivo is further comlicated by the multiple pathways of peroxynitrite reactivity with different biological molecules. Based on our current understanding of the chemical reactivity of peroxynitrite, methods for its detection are discussed.
Coated Silicon Nanowires as Anodes in Lithium Ion Batteries (2014)

Even though it has the highest known theoretical specific capacity of any material (~3600 mAh/g), silicon has limited use as an anode in lithium ion batteries due to the mechanical instability caused by the large volume expansion that occurs upon Li insertion. This volume expansion not only contributes to mechanical instability in the active silicon, but it also contributes to mechanical instability in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), a film formed at the end of the first lithiation step. The result of this mechanical instability in the SEI is diminished cycling performance. Modifying the SEI formation by growing a SiO2 layer on silicon nanowires (SiNW) or coating them with LixAlySizO (LASO), we report improved cycle life and rate capability. Here we show SiNW with a thin SiO2 layer achieved nearly 400 cycles at a capacity of 2400 mAh/g and LASO-coated SiNW cycled stably at 5.5C.
Guided-mode and leaky-mode analysis by imaginary distance beam propagation method based on finite element scheme (2000)

As a simple analysis method to solve eigenmodes of optical waveguides, we present an imaginary distance beam propagation method (BPM) based on finite element scheme. The matrices used in the beam propagation analysis are essentially complex, so lossy optical waveguides can be easily treated. Moreover, employing the transparent boundary condition or perfectly matched layer boundary condition, the validity of a which has been already confirmed in the real distance BPM, we can easily treat not only guided modes but leaky ones. To show the validity and usefulness of this approach, eigenmodes of twoand three-dimensional leaky waveguides, and optical fibers are calculated.
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide poisoning (2010)

Skin corrosive injury related to the alkalinity of TMAH and the ganglionic toxicity of tetramethylammonium ion might contribute to the clinical manifestations that occurred after dermal TMAH exposure. Thorough skin decontamination followed by prompt respiratory support should be the mainstay in the management of dermal TMAH exposure. Preventive strategies are warranted as well to decrease future occupational TMAH exposures.
Cluster beam deposition: a tool for nanoscale science and technology (2006)

Gas phase nanoparticle production, manipulation and deposition is of primary importance for the synthesis of nanostructured materials and for the development of industrial processes based on nanotechnology. In this review we present and discuss this approach, introducing cluster sources, nanoparticle formation and growth mechanisms and the use of aerodynamic focusing methods that are coupled with supersonic expansions to obtain high intensity cluster beams with a control on nanoparticle mass and spatial distribution. The implication of this technique for the synthesis of nanostructured materials is also presented and applications are highlighted.
EST Analysis of Hop Glandular Trichomes Identifies an <i>O</i>-Methyltransferase That Catalyzes the Biosynthesis of Xanthohumol (2008)

The glandular trichomes (lupulin glands) of hop (Humulus lupulus) synthesize essential oils and terpenophenolic resins, including the bioactive prenylflavonoid xanthohumol. To dissect the biosynthetic processes occurring in lupulin glands, we sequenced 10,581 ESTs from four trichome-derived cDNA libraries. ESTs representing enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis, including all of the steps of the methyl 4-erythritol phosphate pathway, were abundant in the EST data set, as were ESTs for the known type III polyketide synthases of bitter acid and xanthohumol biosynthesis. The xanthohumol biosynthetic pathway involves a key O-methylation step. Four S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent O-methyltransferases (OMTs) with similarity to known flavonoid-methylating enzymes were present in the EST data set. OMT1, which was the most highly expressed OMT based on EST abundance and RT-PCR analysis, performs the final reaction in xanthohumol biosynthesis by methylating desmethylxanthohumol to form xanthohumol. OMT2 accepted a broad range of substrates, including desmethylxanthohumol, but did not form xanthohumol. Mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed it methylated xanthohumol to 4-O-methylxanthohumol, which is not known from hop. OMT3 was inactive with all substrates tested. The lupulin gland-specific EST data set expands the genomic resources for H. lupulus and provides further insight into the metabolic specialization of glandular trichomes.
Better Understanding of the Species with the Shortest Re<sub>2</sub><sup>6+</sup> Bonds and Related Re<sub>2</sub><sup>7+</sup> Species with Tetraguanidinate Paddlewheel Structures (2007)

A series of compounds has been made containing quadruply bonded Re2(hpp)4X2 species (hpp = the anion of 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2a]pyrimidine), where X is CF3SO3 (1), CF3CO2 (2), and F (3). The distances of 2.1562(7), 2.1711(5), and 2.1959(4) A for 1-3 show significant effects of the sigma and pi electron donating ability of the axial ligands on the metal-metal distance. With the weakly coordinating triflate ligand the Re-Re distance is the shortest for any quadruple bonded species known. In addition to examining the effects of axial ligands on the Re2(hpp)42+ core, our study of the Re2(hpp)43+ core is being extended beyond the preliminary results previously reported in only one compound [Re2(hpp)4Cl2]PF6 (Dalton Trans. 2003, 1218). We now report the structural characterization by both X-ray and neutron diffraction of the compound [Re2(hpp)4F](TFPB)2, 4 (TFPB = the anion tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate), and a detailed study by EPR spectroscopy of [Re2(hpp)4Cl2]PF6 at 9.5, 34.5, and 95 GHz frequencies, using dilute fluid solutions, frozen glass, and neat powder, show that the unpaired electron in the [Re2(hpp)4Cl2]+ ion is in an MO of predominant metal character with little mixing from the guanidinate ligands.
Transgenic rice lines expressing maize <i>C1</i> and <i>R‐S</i> regulatory genes produce various flavonoids in the endosperm (2006)

Flavonoids, compounds that possess diverse health-promoting benefits, are lacking in the endosperm of rice. Therefore, to develop transgenic lines that produce flavonoids, we transformed a white rice cultivar, Oryza sativa japonica cv. Hwa-Young, with maize C1 and R-S regulatory genes. Expression of these transgenes was restricted to the endosperm using the promoter of a rice prolamin gene. The pericarp of the C1/R-S homozygous lines became dark brown in accordance with their maternal genotype, whereas the endosperm turned chalky, similar to the opaque kernel phenotype. Analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that numerous kinds of flavonoids were produced in these transgenic kernels. To identify individual flavonoids, the number of HPLC peaks was reduced through moderate acid hydrolysis, followed by ethyl acetate partitioning. Amongst the major flavonoids, dihydroquercetin (taxifolin), dihydroisorhamnetin (3'-O-methyl taxifolin) and 3'-O-methyl quercetin were identified through liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Fluorescence labelling with diphenylboric acid showed that the flavonoids were highly concentrated in the cells of four to five outer endosperm layers. More importantly, a high fluorescence signal was present in the cytosol of the inner endosperm layers. However, the overall signal in the inner layers was significantly lower because starch granules and protein bodies occupied most of the cytosolic space. Our estimate of the total flavonoid content in the transgenic kernels suggests that C1/R-S rice has the potential to be developed further as a novel variety that can produce various flavonoids in its endosperm.
Building Really Annoying Web Sites: Creating Effects People Love to Hate (2001)

From the Publisher:
This is a tongue-in-cheek, hands-on guide to all those annoying effects you've seen on other sites, and secretly wanted on your own pages.

Building Really Annoying Web Sites is a subversive new book that will teach you the long sought-after secrets of how to add all sorts of truly irritating effects to your own personal Web pages. You can make all the menus and buttons in a browser window disappear - change a cursor's shape, without the user's permission, create impossible-to-close pop-up windows. Other fun features include adding aggravating Flash animations and movies, trap users in framed pages if they try to link off your page, and more. Each annoying effect is followed by a section explaining why it would be wrong to add that effect to a Web page, and suggesting a more appropriate approach that well-intentioned users can take, if they so desire. Includes CD-ROM.
Seismic Performance of Wall-stud Shear Walls (2002)

Sixteenth International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures Orlando, Florida USA, October 17-18, 2002 Seismic Performance of Wall-Stud Shear Walls Ludovic A. Fulop!, Dan Dubina2 The ever-increasing need for housing generated the search for new and innovative building methods to increase speed, efficiency and enhance quality, one direction being the use of light steel profiles as load bearing elements and different materials for cladding. Wind and seismic behavior of these structures is influenced by the hysteretic characteristics of the shear wall panels. In this paper a review of actual research in the field and results of a full-scale shear test program on wall panels are presented. Based on tests, a numerical equivalent model for hysteretic behavior of wall panels working in shear was built to be used in 3D dynamic nonlinear analysis of cold-formed steel framed buildings.
Effect of Previous Exposure to Tricaine Methanesulfonate on Time to Anesthesia in Hybrid Tilapias (1999)

Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) is one of the most broadly used anesthetic and tranquilizing agents for poikilotherms, and it is currently the only anesthetic approved for use with food fish. To test the preliminary observation in tilapias Oreochromis sp. previously exposed to anesthetizing doses of MS-222 that time to anesthesia was shorter on subsequent exposures, hybrids of white tilapias (Nile tilapia O. niloticus × blue tilapia O. aureus) crossed with Mozambique tilapias O. mossambicus were anesthetized with MS-222. Time to anesthesia was recorded at this initial drug exposure and weekly for 6 weeks after initial exposure. Fish previously exposed to MS-222 did not display a significantly reduced time to anesthesia on the second exposure but did display significant reductions at the third exposure and thereafter. These preliminary results suggest that tilapias do not respond to MS-222 with the typical enzyme induction-mediated tolerance reaction commonly seen with anesthetic chemicals in mammals.
Molecular mechanisms of cell recruitment to inflammatory sites: general and tissue-specific pathways (2005)

The observation that circulating leucocytes adhere to and migrate across the vascular endothelium was first made 70 yr ago; this was noted to occur without breach of the endothelial barrier, suggesting the presence of complex regulatory mechanisms [1]. More recently, in a series of classic experiments, Gowans and Knight observed that lymphocytes isolated from the rat thoracic duct homed rapidly back to lymph nodes and secondary lymphoid organs upon reinjection: furthermore, it was noted that this occurred across the distinctly shaped endothelial cells of the postcapillary venules [2]. Since then we have learnt much about the molecular basis of leucocyte extravasation and the regulatory mechanisms involved. In this review we will describe molecular interactions involved in the stages of leucocyte recruitment and extravasation into the tissues. We will also describe the specific molecular interactions that allow the selective recruitment of tissue-specific leucocytes to inflammatory sites. Finally, we will emphasize the central role that adhesion molecules have in the development of the inflammatory response by drawing from examples of human disease, and describe recent progress in the therapeutic targeting of these molecules with particular reference to inflammatory arthritis.
Factors that influence the interaction of Campylobacter jejuni with cultured mammalian cells (1992)

Although Campylobacter jejuni is now recognised as a common enteric pathogen, the mechanisms by which this organism produces enteritis remain ill-defined. It has been proposed that its abilities to adhere to and enter epithelial cells represent properties essential to virulence. However, the characteristics of these interactions and factors that may influence the association of C. jejuni with epithelial cells are incompletely described. We have determined that the ability of C. jejuni to bind to epithelial cell lines in vitro is significantly affected by the growth temperature and growth stage of the bacteria, but not by growth-medium composition. Binding of C. jejuni to cultured cells is not affected by temperature or phylogenetic origin of the target cell, and exhibits a non-uniform or patchy distribution. In contrast, internalisation is markedly diminished at low temperature, appears to involve active invagination of the target cell membrane via pseudopod formation, and is maximal when cells of human origin are employed.
Integrated Microfluidic System for Rapid Forensic DNA Analysis: Sample Collection to DNA Profile (2010)

We demonstrate a conduit for the delivery of a step change in the DNA analysis process: A fully integrated instrument for the analysis of multiplex short tandem repeat DNA profiles from reference buccal samples is described and is suitable for the processing of such samples within a forensic environment such as a police custody suite or booking office. The instrument is loaded with a DNA processing cartridge which incorporates on-board pumps and valves which direct the delivery of sample and reagents to the various reaction chambers to allow DNA purification, amplification of the DNA by PCR, and collection of the amplified product for delivery to an integral CE chip. The fluorescently labeled product is separated using micro capillary electrophoresis with a resolution of 1.2 base pairs (bp) allowing laser induced fluorescence-based detection of the amplified short tandem repeat fragments and subsequent analysis of data to produce a DNA profile which is compatible with the data format of the UK DNA database. The entire process from taking the sample from a suspect, to database compatible DNA profile production can currently be achieved in less than 4 h. By integrating such an instrument and microfluidic cartridge with the forensic process, we believe it will be possible in the near future to process a DNA sample taken from an individual in police custody and compare the profile with the DNA profiles held on a DNA Database in as little as 3 h.