gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High /sub i/H/sub c/ perpendicular anisotropy Nd-Fe-B sputtered films (1986)

A 59-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with liver dysfunction and underwent a cholecystectomy, was referred to our institution with a suspected ampullary tumor. Computed tomography showed 1 cm of enhancement at the duodenal ampulla, but no visible lymph adenopathy. In the duodenoscopic view, her papilla was slightly enlarged without orifice, so that forceps biopsy was performed from the common ampullary channel after needle-knife incision. Tissue obtained by biopsy revealed a possible carcinoid tumor, with 1.1% of Ki-67 labeling index. Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed, and the resected specimen showed a carcinoid tumor of the ampulla, 1.2 cm in diameter, with metastases to regional lymph nodes and a 4% Ki-67 labeling index. It is suggested that despite the small size and low proliferation index, an ampullary carcinoid may not be cured by local resection. Clinicians must pay careful attention to the choice of treatment and monitoring after the resection.
Theanine prevents memory impairment induced by repeated cerebral ischemia in rats (2007)

The present study investigated the neuroprotective effect of gamma-glutamylethylamide (theanine), a component Japanese green tea (Camellia sinensis), on memory impairment induced by twice-repeated cerebral ischemia in rats. Theanine was injected i.p. immediately after the first occlusion. Theanine (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) significantly prevented the impairment of spatial memory in rats subjected to repeated cerebral ischemia, 7 days after the second reperfusion. Moreover, theanine (1 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the decrease in the number of surviving cells in the hippocampal CA1 field in the same rats. These results suggest that theanine prevents memory impairment induced by repeated cerebral ischemia, in part by protecting against neuronal cell death, and that it might be useful for preventing cerebrovascular disease.
Performance Analysis of APT (Atmospheric Pressure Turbine): Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Hybrid System (2006)

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) has been extensively developed in many countries as a high efficient energy converter. Such high temperature fuel cell can be operated as a hybrid system of integrating of turbo machinery. A major decision is whether to place the cell stack in pressurized or unpressurized section. This paper discusses the exhaust energy recovery from fuel cells by use of turbo machines under unpressurized conditions, working with inverted Brayton cycle in which turbine expansion, cooling by heat exchanger and draft by compressor are made in an open cycle mode. It is denoted as “atmospheric pressure turbine (APT)”.
Apomorphine in idiopathic restless legs syndrome: an exploratory study (2005)

Apomorphine may be an effective treatment for idiopathic RLS. Its effectiveness may reflect both to its dopaminergic and its opioidergic activity, and is not diminished significantly by blocking only one of these pathways. The trend to a worsening of the PLMW index with metoclopramide hints at a primarily dopaminergic effect of apomorphine in idiopathic RLS.
The material point method for simulation of thin membranes (1999)

The material-point method (MPM) is extended to handle membranes, which are discretized by a collection of unconnected material points placed along each membrane surface. These points provide a Lagrangian description of the membrane. To solve for the membrane motion, data carried by the material points are transferred to a background mesh where equations of motion are discretized and solved. Then the solution on the background mesh is used to update the membrane material points. This process of combining Lagrangian and Eulerian features is standard in MPM; the modification for membranes involves merely an implementation of the constitutive equation in a local, normal-tangential coordinate system. It is shown that this procedure does, in fact, provide adequate resolution of membranes with thicknesses that can vary substantially from that of the background mesh spacing. A general formulation is given, but the implementation is in a two-dimensional code that provides a proof-of-principle. Numerical examples including a spring, pendulum and a string with initial slack are used to illustrate the method. The string with slack uses an additional modification of the membrane constitutive equation that allows wrinkles to be modeled at low computational cost. Presented also are examples of two disks impacting, pinching a membrane and rebounding, a difficult problem for standard finite element codes. These simulations require a relaxation of the automatic no-slip contact algorithm in MPM. The addition of the capability to model membranes and the new contact algorithm provide a significant improvement over existing methods for handling an important class of problems. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design strategies for gas and odour sensors (1990)

The authors have analysed physiological and biochemical processes that occur in vertebrate olfactory transduction in order to determine the specifications necessary for electronic gas or odour sensors which may approach some of the performance characteristics of the biological system. In the design of a multi-sensor system for gas and odour discrimination, they have aimed at a flexible apparatus that can adapt to changing circumstances and needs of the users. The gas sensing elements are deliberately not specific to individual chemicals but respond with varying degrees to different chemical classes. However, each sensor has a different degree of specificity although this may be very broad. As such, they resemble in concept the olfactory receptors found in the biological system. The degree of pattern discrimination possible is dependent on the number of polymers of differing characteristics incorporated in the array.
Galectin-9 suppresses tumor metastasis by blocking adhesion to endothelium and extracellular matrices (2008)

We previously described an inverse correlation between galectin-9 (Gal-9) expression and metastasis in patients with malignant melanoma and breast cancer. This study verified the ability of Gal-9 to inhibit lung metastasis in experimental mouse models using highly metastatic B16F10 melanoma and Colon26 colon cancer cells. B16F10 cells transfected with a secreted form of Gal-9 lost their metastatic potential. Intravenous Gal-9 administration reduced the number of metastases of both B16F10 and Colon26 cells in the lung, indicating that secreted Gal-9 suppresses metastasis. Analysis of adhesive molecule expression revealed that B16F10 cells highly express CD44, integrin alpha1, alpha 4, alpha V, and beta1, and that Colon26 cells express CD44, integrin alpha2, alpha 5, alpha V, and beta1, suggesting that Gal-9 may inhibit the adhesion of tumor cells to vascular endothelium and the extracellular matrix (ECM) by binding to such adhesive molecules. Indeed, Gal-9 suppressed the binding of hyaluronic acid to CD44 on both B16F10 and Colon26 cells, and also suppressed the binding of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 to very late antigen-4 on B16F10 cells. Furthermore, Gal-9 inhibited the binding of tumor cells to ECM components, resulting in the suppression of tumor cell migration. The present results suggest that Gal-9 suppresses both attachment and invasion of tumor cells by inhibiting the binding of adhesive molecules on tumor cells to ligands on vascular endothelium and ECM.
Full-Length Plasmodium falciparum Circumsporozoite Protein Administered with Long-Chain Poly(I·C) or the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Agonist Glucopyranosyl Lipid Adjuvant-Stable Emulsion Elicits Potent Antibody and CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cell Immunity and Protection in Mice (2012)

The Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein (CSP) is a major vaccine target for preventing malaria infection. Thus, developing strong and durable antibody and T cell responses against CSP with novel immunogens and potent adjuvants may improve upon the success of current approaches. Here, we compare four distinct full-length P. falciparum CS proteins expressed in Escherichia coli or Pichia pastoris for their ability to induce immunity and protection in mice when administered with long-chain poly(I · C) [poly(I · C)LC] as an adjuvant. CS proteins expressed in E. coli induced high-titer antibody responses against the NANP repeat region and potent CSP-specific CD4(+) T cell responses. Moreover, E. coli-derived CS proteins in combination with poly(I · C)LC induced potent multifunctional (interleukin 2-positive [IL-2(+)], tumor necrosis factor alpha-positive [TNF-α(+)], gamma interferon-positive [IFN-γ(+)]) CD4(+) effector T cell responses in blood, in spleen, and particularly in liver. Using transgenic Plasmodium berghei expressing the repeat region of P. falciparum CSP [Pb-CS(Pf)], we showed that there was a 1- to 4-log decrease in malaria rRNA in the liver following a high-dose challenge and ~50% sterilizing protection with a low-dose challenge compared to control levels. Protection was directly correlated with high-level antibody titers but not CD4(+) T cell responses. Finally, protective immunity was also induced using the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-stable emulsion (GLA-SE) as the adjuvant, which also correlated with high antibody titers yet CD4(+) T cell immunity that was significantly less potent than that with poly(I · C)LC. Overall, these data suggest that full-length CS proteins and poly(I · C)LC or GLA-SE offer a simple vaccine formulation to be used alone or in combination with other vaccines for preventing malaria infection.
Ultra-narrow linewidth DFB-laser with optical feedback from a monolithic confocal Fabry-Perot cavity (2015)

We present a compact, ultra-narrow-linewidth semiconductor laser based on a 780 nm distributed feedback diode laser optically self-locked to a mode of an external monolithic confocal Fabry-Perot resonator. We characterize spectral properties of the laser by measuring its frequency noise power spectral density. The white frequency noise levels at 5 Hz(2)/Hz above a Fourier frequency as small as 20 kHz. This noise level is more than five orders of magnitude smaller than the noise level of the same solitary diode laser without resonant optical feedback, and it is three orders of magnitude smaller than the noise level of a narrow linewidth, grating-based, extended-cavity diode laser. The corresponding Lorentzian linewidth of the laser with resonant optical feedback is 15.7 Hz at an output power exceeding 50 mW.
Pharmacological studies on hypotensive and spasmolytic activities of pure compounds from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> (1994)

Abstract Bioassay directed fractionation of an ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves resulted in the isolation of four pure compounds, niazinin A (1), niazinin B (2), niazimicin (3) and niaziminin A + B (4 + 5). Intravenous administration of either one of the compounds (1–10 mg/kg) produced hypotensive and bradycardiac effects in anaesthetized rats. Pretreatment of the animals with atropine (1 mg/kg) completely abolished the hypotensive and bradycardiac effects of acetylcholine (ACh), whereas cardiovascular responses to the test compounds remained unaltered, ruling out the possible involvement of muscarinic receptor activation. In isolated guinea‐pig atria all the compounds (50–150 μg/mL) produced negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. Each compound inhibited K + ‐induced contractions in rabbit aorta as well as ileal contractions induced by ACh or histamine at similar concentrations. Spontaneous contractions of rat uterus were also inhibited equally by all compounds. These data indicate that the direct depressant action of these compounds exhibited on all the isolated preparations tested is probably responsible for its hypotensive and bradycardiac effects observed in vivo . Moreover, spasmolytic activity exhibited by the constituents of the plant provides a scientific basis for the traditional uses of the plant in gastrointestinal motility disorders.
Sink mobility protocols for data collection in wireless sensor networks (2006)

In wireless sensor networks data propagation is usually performed by sensors transmitting data towards a static control center (sink). Inspired by important applications (mostly related to ambient intelligence) and as a first step towards introducing mobility, we propose the idea of having a sink moving in the network area and collecting data from sensors. We propose four characteristic mobility patterns for the sink along with different data collection strategies. Through a detailed simulation study, we evaluate several important performance properties of each protocol. Our findings demonstrate that by taking advantage of the sink's mobility, we can significantly reduce the energy spent in relaying traffic and thus greatly extend the lifetime of the network.
Another look at thermophilic anaerobic digestion of wastewater sludge (1992)

ABSTRACT: New federal regulations on wastewater sludge management will be implemented in the near future and will have an impact on virtually every biosolids disposal method, including application to agricultural land. Current regulations on land application restrict land use according to the sludge treatment technology, whereas the new regulations will restrict land use based on pathogen destruction criteria. The most flexible land use practices will be allowed for biosolids with low pathogen content (Class A biosolids); for high‐temperature sludge treatment processes (greater than 53°C), indicator organism destruction can be used as a measure of pathogen destruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indicator organism destruction capability of thermophilic anaerobic digestion. For the conditions studied, thermophilic digestion achieved the expected Class A limits on fecal coliforms; data are also presented on fecal streptococci destruction. Rapid startup of the thermophilic reactor (contrasting startup procedures used in the most recent full‐scale studies reported in the literature) and preliminary experiments on stability of the thermophilic population are described as well. Based on the results of this study, it appears that thermophilic anaerobic digestion can be a viable process for achieving Class A biosolids criteria.
Applying Method and Performance Comparison of Honeywell Warm mixed Additive in SMA Asphalt Mixture (2017)

Based on SMA 13 asphalt mixture,the pavement performance of a kind of organic warm mixed additive in dry and wet process was evaluated,and compared with that of SBS asphalt mixture. The experimental results show that the warm mixed additive can be used as a modifier to give larger modulus and higher temperature viscosity,keep the stability of visco elasticity structure in 30~65 ℃ranges,and reduce the temperature sensitivity of neat asphalt. In dry method application,after the surface pretreatment of basalt particles,this warm mixed additive can effectively improve the cohesive grade between neat asphalt and aggregate. By using the same production temperature of neat asphalt,the SMA mixture with 03% warm mixed additive production in dry process can meet the requirement of the modified asphalt mixture,get the pavement performance close to that of SBS asphalt mixture,and achieve a warm mixing effect. Keywords: warm mixed additive,  asphalt mixture,  warm mixing effect,  asphalt cohesive grade,  pavement performance
Effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields on the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (2010)

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been shown to exert beneficial effects on cartilage tissue. Nowadays, differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are discussed as an alternative approach for cartilage repair. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the impact of EMF on hMSCs during chondrogenic differentiation. HMSCs at cell passages five and six were differentiated in pellet cultures in vitro under the addition of human fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and human transforming growth factor-β(3) (TGF-β(3) ). Cultures were exposed to homogeneous sinusoidal extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (5 mT) produced by a solenoid or were kept in a control system. After 3 weeks of culture, chondrogenesis was assessed by toluidine blue and safranin-O staining, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for cartilage-specific proteins, and a DMMB dye-binding assay for glycosaminoglycans. Under EMF, hMSCs showed a significant increase in collagen type II expression at passage 6. Aggrecan and SOX9 expression did not change significantly after EMF exposure. Collagen type X expression decreased under electromagnetic stimulation. Pellet cultures at passage 5 that had been treated with EMF provided a higher glycosaminoglycan (GAG)/DNA content than cultures that had not been exposed to EMF. Chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs may be improved by EMF regarding collagen type II expression and GAG content of cultures. EMF might be a way to stimulate and maintain chondrogenesis of hMSCs and, therefore, provide a new step in regenerative medicine regarding tissue engineering of cartilage.
The Effect of Secondary Air Injection on the Performance of a Transonic Turbine Stage (2002)

This paper presents results of rig testing of a transonic, single stage turbine with various modifications made to the injection of secondary air into the mainstream. Results show that significant improvements in stage efficiency can be realized by optimizing the injection of upstream disk purge and rotor upstream shroud leakage flow into the mainstream flow. Results of CFD simulations of the rotor upstream disk purge flow test conditions and closely simulated test geometry agree well with test data.
VINCE: Exploiting visible light sensing for smartphone-based NFC systems (2015)

This paper presents VINCE - a novel visible light sensing design for smartphone-based Near Field Communication (NFC) systems. VINCE encodes information as different brightness levels of smartphone screens, while receivers capture the light signal via light sensors. In contrast to RF technologies, the direction and distance of such a Visible Light Communication (VLC) link can be easily controlled, preserving communication privacy and security. As a result, VINCE can be used in a wide range of NFC applications such as contactless payments and device pairing. We experimentally profile the impact of screen brightness levels and refresh rates of smartphones, and then use the results to guide the design of light intensity encoding scheme of VINCE. We adopt several signal processing techniques and empirically derive a model to deal with the significant variation of received light intensity caused by noises and low screen refresh rates. To improve the communication reliability, VINCE adopts a feedback-based retransmission scheme, and dynamically adjusts the number of encoding brightness levels based on the current light channel condition. We also derive an analytical model that characterizes the relation among the distance, SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), and BER (Bit Error Rate) of VINCE. Our design and theoretical model are validated via extensive evaluations using a hardware implementation of VINCE on Android smartphones and the Arduino platform.
Life as a Process of Bringing Forth a World (2011)

Open peer commentary on the target article “From Objects to Processes: A Proposal to Rewrite Radical Constructivism” by Siegfried J. Schmidt. Upshot: My suggestion is that the shift from …
Anti-ghost key design for a notebook keyboard (2015)

This paper proposes a new anti-ghost key design to prevent any conflict of the locations of the keys of a keyboard in a notebook. Previous notebooks often have an embedded controller (EC) both for typical I/O functions and for the keyboard function. In order to provide a better ghost key prevention, as we mainly expand the matrix of the internal keyboard matrix from 8*16 pins to 8*44 pins, we need to add on a second low-power embedded controller not only to control the internal keyboard independently but also to increase the length of the ghost keys by a wide margin. This design will not cause any conflict if 43 keys are pressed simultaneously and will provide a better notebook keyboard design for multiple-key pressing while playing most game software.
Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Return Code Usage (2003)

This document provides implementation guidelines for the use of return codes in RFC 3435, Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Version 1.0. Return codes in RFC 3435 do not cover all possible specific situations that may ever occur in a gateway. That is not possible and not necessary. What is important is to ensure that the Call Agent that receives a return code behaves appropriately and consistently for the given situation. The purpose of this document is to provide implementation guidelines to ensure that consistency.
Preparation of TiO2-Al2O3 Doubly Coated Mica Powders and Their Optical Properties (1988)

均一沈殿法により, TiO2水和物とAl2O3水和物を雲母粉体表面上に沈着させ, これを焼成することによって, TiO2-Al2O3二層被覆雲母を調製する方法を開発した。雲母表面上に第一層としてTiO2層が, また第二層としてAl2O3層が積層沈着していることを, 反応過程の解析およびESCAによる表面分析により確認した。変角分光光度計を試作し, 調製した粉体の光学特性を測定した結果, 被覆物質 (TiO2+Al2O3) 中のAl2O3比率が少ないとき, 鏡面反射方向を中心とする反射強度が大きく, かつ反射光は青紫系の色彩を示すことがわかった。一方, Al2O3比率が50%以上では, 全受光角範囲で反射強度が減少し, かつ反射光は無彩色に近づき, 自然な艶感を与える外観となった。TiO2-Al2O3二層被覆雲母は, 雲母に比べて白色度が高く, かつオイルに濡れることによる色変化 (色くすみ) も少なかった。これらにより, TiO2-Al2O3二層被覆雲母はAl2O3比率50%以上において化粧品用体質顔料に適した光学的特性を示すことがわかった。
Studying and suggesting logging locations in code blocks (2020)

Developers write logging statements to generate logs and record system execution behaviors to assist in debugging and software maintenance. However, there exists no practical guidelines on where to write logging statements. On one hand, adding too many logging statements may introduce superfluously trivial logs and performance overheads. On the other hand, logging too little may miss necessary runtime information. Thus, properly deciding the logging location is a challenging task and a finer-grained understanding of where to write logging statements is needed to assist developers in making logging decisions. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive study to uncover guidelines on logging locations at the code block level. We analyze logging statements and their surrounding code by combining both deep learning techniques and manual investigations. From our preliminary results, we find that our deep learning models achieve over 90% in precision and recall when trained using the syntactic (e.g., nodes in abstract syntax tree) and semantic (e.g., variable names) features. However, cross-system models trained using semantic features only have 45.6% in precision and 73.2% in recall, while models trained using syntactic features still have over 90% precision and recall. Our current progress highlights that there is an implicit syntactic logging guideline across systems, and such information may be leveraged to uncover general logging guidelines.
75. Derivatives of 1 : 2 : 3 : 4-tetrahydroxybenzene. Part IV. Attempted syntheses (1938)

W. Baker and C. Evans, J. Chem. Soc., 1938, 372 DOI: 10.1039/JR9380000372