gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 3C-SiC Epitaxial Layers on TiC(111) by Raman Scattering (1997)

3C-SiC epitaxial layers of 0.3–4 µ m thickness deposited on TiC(111) have been investigated by Raman microprobe. Relatively thick layers showed TO- and LO-phonon bands with peak frequencies higher than those of bulk reference by about 5.8 cm -1 and 3.6 cm -1 , respectively. This frequency upshift is due to residual stress in the epi-layers. The in-plane, compressive, biaxial stress is estimated to be 1.7 GPa, and there are 0.24% in-plane compressive strain and 0.10% tensile strain in the normal direction. The in-plane strain is 2–3 times smaller than those expected from the lattice mismatch, or from the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the epi-layer and the substrate. In spite of a small lattice mismatch between 3C-SiC and TiC, the residual in-plane stress is larger than that reported for 3C-SiC on Si which has much larger lattice mismatching.
Interactive Hierarchical Task Learning from a Single Demonstration (2015)

We have developed learning and interaction algorithms to support a human teaching hierarchical task models to a robot using a single demonstration in the context of a mixed-initiative interaction with bi-directional communication. In particular, we have identified and implemented two important heuristics for suggesting task groupings based on the physical structure of the manipulated artifact and on the data flow between tasks. We have evaluated our algorithms with users in a simulated environment and shown both that the overall approach is usable and that the grouping suggestions significantly improve the learning and interaction.
Phase I dose escalation of 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine with autologous bone marrow support in refractory neuroblastoma. (1998)

Treatment with 131I-MIBG has mainly hematologic toxicity, which can be abrogated with bone marrow rescue. The high response rate in refractory disease suggests that this agent may be useful in combination with myeloablative chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell rescue to improve outcome in advanced neuroblastoma.
Nanostructured 3-D collagen/nanotube biocomposites for future bone regeneration scaffolds (2009)

The field of bionanotechnology has been rapidly growing during the last few years and we can now envision a controllable integration between biological and artificial matter, where new biomimetic structures with a wide range of chemical and physical properties will promote the development of a novel generation of medical devices. In this work we describe a collagen/carbon nanotube composite which has the potential to be used as a scaffold for tissue regeneration. Because this biocomposite incorporates the advantageous properties of both collagen and carbon nanotubes, it has most of the characteristics that an ideal biomaterial requires in order to be used as an osteoinductive agent. This biocomposite is bioresorbable and biodegradable and has the desired mechanical rigidity while maintaining a three-dimensional(3-D) nanostructured surface. Tuned stability and swelling were achieved under fluid environments by varying the amount of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) incorporated into the composite. These variations can dictate the degree of interaction between fibroblastic cells and the biomaterials. Proof-of-concept was shown by performing an in vitro induced mineralization of hydroxylapatite crystals under physiological conditions. Furthermore, the ability to attach biofunctional groups to the CNT walls can open a new road for tissue regeneration since the combination of CNTs with specific growth factors or cellular ligands can create an environment capable of signaling and influencing specific cell functions. Our observations suggest that collagen/carbon nanotube biocomposites will have important uses in a wide range of biotechnological areas.
Real-time or faster-than-real-time simulation of airflow in buildings (2008)

The paper introduces a fast fluid dynamics (FFD) method, which can simulate airflow and contaminant dispersion in buildings with real-time or faster-than-real-time speed and provide informative solutions. As an intermediate approach between nodal models and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the FFD can be a very useful tool for emergency management in case of fire and accidental or intentional release of chemical or biological agents in a building or around the buildings. The FFD can also be used as a preliminary test tool for quick assessment of indoor airflows before a detailed CFD analysis.
Truncated trkB Receptors on Nonneuronal Cells Inhibit BDNF-Induced Neurite Outgrowthin Vitro (1997)

The function of truncated trkB receptors during nervous system plasticity and regeneration is currently unknown. The extensive nonneuronal localization of truncated trkB-T1 receptors, coupled with their up-regulation by CNS glial cells in response to injury, has led to the speculation that these receptors may sequester BDNF and NT-4/5 to reduce their local availability and, thus, limit axonal sprouting. Conversely, trkB-T1 receptors could bind and present neurotrophins to injured axons and facilitate their regeneration in a manor analogous to that proposed for p75(NTR) receptors on Schwann cells. To address this issue, we used an in vitro coculture paradigm in which wild-type 3T3 NIH fibroblasts or two different 3T3 cell clones stably expressing trkB-T1 receptors served as monolayer substrates upon which to evaluate the effect of trkB-T1 receptors on nonneuronal cells to influence neurotrophin (NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4/5)-induced neurite outgrowth from retinoic acid (RA)-treated SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In these experiments, BDNF and NT-4/5 produce a strong phosphorylation of trk receptors on the RA-SY5Y cells and induce differentiation of the SY5Y cells (as measured by the development of neurofilament-positive neuritic processes). This ability of the trkB ligands to stimulate neurite outgrowth is dose dependent since increasing concentrations of BDNF (5, 25, and 100 ng/ml) result in an increased percentage of SY5Y cells developing neurites and in progressively longer neurites from SY5Y cells on the control 3T3 monolayers. In these experiments, BDNF and NT-4/5 induce the strongest neurite outgrowth, followed by NT-3 and then NGF. When trkB-T1 receptors are present on the 3T3 cell substratum both BDNF- and NT-4/5-induced neurite extension from the SY5Y cells are strongly inhibited. In contrast, NGF-induced neurite growth is unaffected and NT-3-associated growth is somewhat reduced. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of the trkB-T1 receptors on the nonneuronal cell substrates is selective for neurite outgrowth that is mediated via the trkB-kinase receptors on the neuroblastoma cells. This ability of trkB-T1 receptors on the nonneuronal substratum to inhibit BDNF-induced neurite outgrowth can be overcome by the addition of high concentrations of BDNF (1 microg/ml). Binding assays using 125I-BDNF suggest that this inhibitory effect could be mediated via binding and internalization of BDNF by the trkB-T1 receptors on the 3T3 cells. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that the up-regulation of trkB-T1 receptors on astrocytes following CNS lesions enhances the sequestration of the trkB ligands, BDNF and NT- 4/5, at the site of reactive gliosis and, thus, contributes to the inhibition of CNS axonal regeneration from neurons expressing trkB-kinase receptors by removing their ligands from the extracellular environment.
Resonator Memories And Optical Novelty Filters (1987)

Optical resonators having holographic elements are potential candidates for storing information that can be accessed through content-addressable or associative recall. Closely related to the resonator memory is the optical novelty filter, which can detect the differences between a test object and a set of reference objects. We discuss implementations of these devices using continuous optical media such as photorefractive ma-terials. The discussion is framed in the context of neural network models. There are both formal and qualitative similarities between the resonator memory and optical novelty filter and network models. Mode competition arises in the theory of the resonator memory, much as it does in some network models. We show that the role of the phenomena of "daydream-ing" in the real-time programmable optical resonator is very much akin to the role of "unlearning" in neural network memories. The theory of programming the real-time memory for a single mode is given in detail. This leads to a discussion of the optical novelty filter. Experimental results for the resonator memory, the real-time programmable memory, and the optical tracking novelty filter are reviewed. We also point to several issues that need to be addressed in order to implement more formal models of neural networks.
Asset Liability Mismatch- An Empirical study on nationalized commercial banks in Bangladesh (2015)

Liquidity Management is the integral part of monetary management. Liquidity management, ensuring sustainable solvency are the two core prerequisites for smooth functioning of banks in the long run. The balancing act between a bank’s own liquidity and its role as a liquidity creator, especially in times of financial distress or crisis, is the focus of this paper. The data collected mostly from the annual reports of the selected banks. Liquidity has been analysed by using gap analysis. The CV (Coefficient of variation) has been used to analyse the volatility of liquidity in the selected gap. The analysis showed that Sonali Bank suffered highest negative liquidity gap among the banks. Bat the gap was highly volatile in case of Agrani bank Ltd. On the other hand there is a statically significant difference among the banks in terms of variation in Liquidity.
Fracción vascular estromal de tejido adiposo: cómo obtener células madre y su rendimiento de acuerdo a la topografía de las áreas donantes: estudio preliminar (2008)

intro_obj: La obtención de tejido adiposo supone un nuevo y prometedor mercado de trabajo para los cirujanos plásticos, ya que los bancos de tejidos escogerán de forma acertada la grasa como el medio más fácil para obtener fuentes de células madre de alto rendimiento, en la medida en que este tejido es capaz de producir al menos cinco veces más unidades formadores de colonias (UFCs) que la médula ósea. El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar lo que se puede esperar del tejido adiposo como origen de células adultas de fracción vacular estromal (FVE), y señalar las mejores áreas del cuerpo humano para ser elegidas como donantes de tejido adiposo, extraído mediante liposucción. Describimos la rutina seguida para la obtención de células de FVE mediante la digestión de las muestras de tejido adiposo humano con colagenasa. En el momento de su recolección, esas células presentaban una viabilidad de 92+/- 1% basada en exclusión por Azul de Trypan. Las células de FVE recontadas después de permanecer 48 horas en medio de cultivo de Eagle modificado por Dulbecco (DMEM), dentro de una cámara de Neubauer, tras lo cual el rendimiento medio de las células de FVE fue de 7,2 +/- 1,3 x 103 células por mililitro de tejido lipoaspirado. En conclusión, pensamos que supone un desafío en la actualidad el mejorar las estrategias para la obtención de células de FVE. Este trabajo, por ahora preliminar, muestra que las células de FVE pueden ser fácilmente obtenidas por medio de lipoaspiración. La comparación entre las diferentes áreas donantes, mostró un rendimiento 22% más alto para las células de FVE cuando el tejido adiposo había sido obtenido del tronco, en comparación a cuando lo había sido de los miembros.
Analysis of Sulfur in the Copper Basin and Muddy River Sites (2009)

The feasiblity of using a portable analytical instrument, the Niton XRF XLt 500He, was tested as a technique for sulfur analysis of wet sediment samples in the field. The effect of sample preparation on the precision and accuracy of sulfur determination was specifically evaluated. The Niton XRF XLt 500He uses X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to detect different elements. This unit employs a helium purge to allow the analysis of elements lighter than potassium. Samples with sulfur varying from 0.3 to 2.0% were successfully measured with the instrument. The precision of the unit is excellent and the limit of detection can be extremely low with careful attention to sample preparation. The instrumental limit of detection for sulfur was estimated as 70 ppm.
The HAND1 Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor Regulates Trophoblast Differentiation via Multiple Mechanisms (2000)

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor genes Hand1 and Mash2 are essential for placental development in mice. Hand1 promotes differentiation of trophoblast giant cells, whereas Mash2 is required for the maintenance of giant cell precursors, and its overexpression prevents giant cell differentiation. We found that Hand1 expression and Mash2 expression overlap in the ectoplacental cone and spongiotrophoblast, layers of the placenta that contain the giant cell precursors, indicating that the antagonistic activities of Hand1 and Mash2 must be coordinated. MASH2 and HAND1 both heterodimerize with E factors, bHLH proteins that are the DNA-binding partners for most class B bHLH factors and which are also expressed in the ectoplacental cone and spongiotrophoblast. In vitro, HAND1 could antagonize MASH2 function by competing for E-factor binding. However, the Hand1 mutant phenotype cannot be solely explained by ectopic activity of MASH2, as the Hand1 mutant phenotype was not altered by further mutation of Mash2. Interestingly, expression of E-factor genes (ITF2 and ALF1) was down-regulated in the trophoblast lineage prior to giant cell differentiation. Therefore, suppression of MASH2 function, required to allow giant cell differentiation, may occur in vivo by loss of its E-factor partner due to loss of its expression and/or competition from HAND1. In giant cells, where E-factor expression was not detected, HAND1 presumably associates with a different bHLH partner. This may account for the distinct functions of HAND1 in giant cells and their precursors. We conclude that development of the trophoblast lineage is regulated by the interacting functions of HAND1, MASH2, and their cofactors.
GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well intermixing using shallow ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing (1989)

Low-energy As+-ion implantation followed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) was utilized to modify exciton transition energies of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells (QW). A variety of structures were irradiated at an energy low enough that the disordered region was spatially separated from the QWs. After RTA, exciton energies showed large increases which were dependent on QW widths and the implantation fluence with no significant increases in peak linewidths. The observed energy shifts were interpreted as resulting from the modification of the shapes of the as-grown QWs due to enhanced Ga and Al interdiffusion at heterointerfaces in irradiated areas. These results are consistent with the model of enhanced intermixing of Al and Ga atoms in depth of the material due to diffusion of vacancies generated near the surface.
New advances in printed circuits/ (1948)

3. Stenciling or painting the circuit onto a base plate which 1 incorporates vitreous dielec- tric capacitors within itself ; 4. Stenciling conductors and capacitors in the same operation, using silver paint and a base plate of high dielectric constant; 5. Stenciling the conductors on a phenolic base plate prior to curing, and curing phenolic and paint simultaneously ; 6. Printing conductors using silver paint and ordinary newspaper printing press techniques ; 7. Application of resistor and conductor paints with special ruling or fountain pens, brushes or pencils; 8. Application of paints with ordinary rubber, metal or plastic stamps ; 9. Application of paints, using steel or cop- per plate engraving techniques; 10.Dipping the stencil-coated surface into a suitable paint; 11.Spraying resistor and conductor paints through masks or stencils; 12. Spraying molten metal conductors through a stencil ; 13.Spraying molten metal onto a premolded panel, then machining or grinding to bring out the circuit pattern ; 14. Die casting or pouring metal into pre- formed grooves in an insulating surface ; 15.Spraying or pouring chemical silvering and reducing solutions onto a stencil-coated panel to deposit metal films in the form of the desired circuit.With proper choice of metallic salts, it is possible to produce printed circuits in colors ; 16.Imprinting a catalyst onto an insulating panel and depositing copper in the desired cir- cuit pattern; 17.Evaporating metal films on panels through a stencil in a vacuum; 18. Evaporating a metal film completely over the base plate and spraying off the metal with Printed Circuit Techniques
Multi-grained level of detail using a hierarchical seamless texture atlas (2007)

Previous algorithms for view-dependent level of detail provide local mesh refinements either at the finest granularity or at a fixed, coarse granularity. The former provides triangle-level adaptation, often at the expense of heavy CPU usage and low triangle rendering throughput; the latter improves CPU usage and rendering throughput by operating on groups of triangles.
A novel &amp;#x201C;divide and conquer&amp;#x201D; testing technique for memristor based lookup table (2011)

The recently proposed nanoscale asynchronous crossbar architecture based on memristor-based look up table (MLUT) combines the advantages of memristor technology and asynchronous design for viable nanoscale computing. In spite of having numerous merits over the clocked counterparts and previous asynchronous designs, it is bound to have inevitable defects due to nondeterministic nanoscale assembly. In order to assess the reliability of MLUT, there is a need to develop efficient testing techniques. Typical approach so far has been to test every crosspoint on each crossbar MLUT exhaustively; this is not only tedious but is also prohibitively time consuming for designs involving large number of MLUTs. This paper introduces a novel testing scheme based on “Divide and Conquer” approach to efficiently locate the defective memristors in a MLUT. The proposed testing scheme leverages upon a special current additive property of the memristor based multiplexer. It performs binary isolation of regions, reducing the search space by half whenever applicable. Numerical simulations clearly demonstrate that the approach is generic, deterministic, and scalable.
Preparation and characterization of hydrogel–nanosilver composites based on copolymers from sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate (2012)

Abstract Hydrogel–nanosilver composites based on copolymers from sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate (AMPS) were prepared. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, or nanosilver) were synthesized in aqueous media using citrate trisodium as stabilizing agent. The hydrogels were obtained by radical copolymerization of the monomers acrylamide (AAm)/AMPS and N ‐vinylpyrrolidone(VP)/AMPS in the molar ratio [1 : 1], using 3 and 6 mol % of N , N ‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinking reagent. The distribution of the monomers in both copolymers showed a tendency to moderately alternate because the product of their reactivity ratios was near to zero. The hydrogels were immersed in the colloidal dispersion of AgNPs, which generated hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic acid groups that cover the surface of the AgNPs and the pendant amide groups of the copolymers. The formation of the hydrogen bond was confirmed using solid‐state 1 H NMR. The hydrogel–nanosilver composites with a lower percentage of MBA retained more silver. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Reducing Post-Trim Drift of Thin-Film Resistors by Optimizing YAG Laser Output Characteristics (1978)

A study to determine the effects of laser parameters on tantalum nitride resistor stability is presented. A model Of the laser heat affected zone is proposed which relates laser pulse width, power, wavelength, repetition rate, and waist size parameters to energy delivered to remaining resistor material. Samples of qualified tantalum nitride resistors are trimmed with a range of laser parameters, and the results are compared with the model. The excellent agreement between the model and experiment allows these results to be used for process control and throughput versus tolerance calculations.
Critical Role for TNF in the Induction of Human Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells by Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells (2010)

TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine with differential effects on immune cells and diseases. Anti-TNF therapy was shown to be effective in rheumatoid arthritis but proved inefficient or even detrimental in other autoimmune diseases. We studied the role of TNF in the induction of Ag-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) by tolerogenic vitamin D3-modulated human dendritic cells (VD3-DCs), which previously were shown to release high amounts of soluble TNF (sTNF) upon maturation with LPS. First, production of TNF by modulated VD3-DCs was analyzed upon maturation with LPS or CD40L with respect to both secreted (cleaved) TNF (sTNF) and expression of the membrane-bound (uncleaved) form of TNF (mTNF). Next, TNF antagonists were tested for their effect on induction of Ag-specific Tregs by modulated DCs and the subsequent functionality of these Tregs. VD3-DCs expressed greater amounts of mTNF than did control DCs (nontreated DCs), independent of the maturation protocol. Inhibition of TNF with anti-TNF Ab (blocking both sTNF and mTNF) during the priming of Tregs with VD3-DCs prevented generation of Tregs and their suppression of proliferation of CD4(+) T cells. In contrast, sTNF receptor II (sTNFRII), mainly blocking sTNF, did not change the suppressive capacity of Tregs. Blocking of TNFRII by anti-CD120b Ab during Treg induction similarly abrogated their subsequent suppressive function. These data point to a specific role for mTNF on VD3-DCs in the induction of Ag-specific Tregs. Interaction between mTNF and TNFRII instructs the induction of suppressive Tregs by VD3-DCs. Anti-TNF therapy may therefore act adversely in different patients or disease pathways.
A Real Time Cognitive Radio Test Platform for Public Safety Physical Layer Experiments (2007)

This paper describes the concept, architecture and development of a real time, cognitive radio testbed for physical layer, interoperability and spectrum sensing experiments. It is based on a reconfigured wireless 4-transmit 4-receiver multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) smart antenna software radio test system (SASRATS) platform using the the Xilinx University Program (XUP) Virtex-II Pro development boards as the heart of the system. We discuss various cognitive experiments in the context of public safety applications and show that cyclo- stationarity can be used for spectrum sensing and recognition applications.