gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel analog optical link with high dynamic range (1993)

A heterodyne interferometric phase modulated link, a new analog optical link, is described. This link, based on phase modulation using an external modulator, has high linearity and suppresses the impact of laser relative intensity noise. The link increases the spurious-free dynamic range by 21 dB as compared to a conventional externally modulated AM link for 10 mW of received optical power, relative intensity noise of -130 dB/Hz, and a 15-GHz intermediate frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A cultured neuron probe (2002)

Work in progress toward the creation of a "cultured neuron probe" is described. This is a silicon structure similar to that for a multielectrode probe, but with embedded neurons which are intended to grow out and integrate with the neurons of a host nervous system into which the probe has been inserted. Each probe neuron is in close proximity to an electrode which is designed for extracellular estimation and recording from the probe neuron. In this way the probe neurons may provide a highly specific long-term communication link between external electronics and the host. Initial experiments to establish the feasibility of the concept will be done in rat hippocampus.
Mps1 Phosphorylation Sites Regulate the Function of Centrin 2 in Centriole Assembly (2010)

The nondegradable Mps1(Δ12/13) protein drives centriole overproduction, suggesting that Mps1 phosphorylates a subset of centrosomal proteins to drive the assembly of new centrioles. Here we identify three Mps1 phosphorylation sites within the centriolar protein Centrin 2 (Cetn2). Although centrioles can be assembled in the absence of Cetn2, centriole assembly is attenuated in the absence of Cetn2. While wild-type Cetn2 can compensate for this attenuation, a nonphosphorylatable version cannot. In addition, overexpressing Cetn2 causes Mps1-dependent centriole overproduction that requires each of the three Mps1 phosphorylation sites within Cetn2 and is greatly exacerbated by mimicking phosphorylation at any of these sites. Wild-type Cetn2 generates excess foci that are competent as mitotic spindle poles in HsSas-6-depleted cells, suggesting that Cetn2 can organize a subset of centriolar proteins independently of cartwheels. However, centriole overproduction caused by a phosphomimetic Cetn2 mutant requires HsSas-6, suggesting that Cetn2 phosphorylation stimulates the canonical centriole assembly pathway. Moreover, in the absence of Cetn2, Mps1(Δ12/13) cannot drive the production of mature centrioles capable of recruiting γ-Tubulin, and a nonphosphorylatable Cetn2 mutant cannot compensate for this defect and exacerbates Cetn2 depletion. Together, our data suggest that Mps1-dependent phosphorylation of Cetn2 stimulates the canonical centriole assembly pathway.
Charge recycling sense amplifier based logic: securing low power security ICs against DPA (2004)

A Charge Recycling Sense Amplifier Based Logic is presented. This logic is derived from the Sense Amplifier Based Logic, which is a logic style with signal independent power consumption. It has been proven previously to protect security devices such as Smart Cards against power attacks. Experimental results show that the use of advanced circuit techniques, which enable charge recycling and intermediate precharge voltages, saves 20% in power consumption and 63% in peak supply current and that the logic style preserves the energy masking behavior of the Sense Amplifier Based Logic. ©2004 IEEE.
E-band 3-D metal printed wideband planar horn array antenna (2016)

This paper presents a wideband and high efficiency corporate-fed horn array antenna in the E-band. A horn antenna is used as the unit cell of the array. The radiation pattern and grating lobe levels of the unit cell are improved by splitting the horn's aperture with a septum in the E-plane. A ridge gap waveguide corporate distribution network feeds the horns with the same amplitude and phase via coupling apertures. A prototype consisting of 4 × 4-element horn array antenna is manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) 3D printing technique. The proposed antenna has a relative bandwidth of 24% with input reflection coefficient better than -10 dB and simulated total antenna efficiency better than 85% over the 69-88 GHz frequency band.
DIFFERENTIAL SURVIVAL AS AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL MUTAGENICITY USING REPAIR DEFICIENT STRAINS OF<i>SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE</i>AND<i>SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE</i> (1982)

A method is presented to screen chemicals for potential mutagenicity on the basis of their ability to cause more killing in cells of repair-deficient yeast than in wild type cells. Two species were chosen in the event that one might be more sensitive to certain chemicals. The strains used were RAD+ and rad6 derivatives of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and RAD+ and rad3 derivatives of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This report describes the test system and results for 12 known, direct-acting mutagens (i.e., not requiring mammalian metabolic activation). These compounds showed more lethality in one or both of the repair-deficient strains, indicating that they induce damage to DNA which is subject to repair in wild type cells. Advantages of this system include the use of eukaryotic yeast cells which can be manipulated as easily as bacteria, and that exogenous enzymes (S9) can be added for metabolic activation. Growing yeast cells can activate certain promutagens, and preliminary experiments showed positive responses for diethylnitrosamine and 2-acetylaminofluorene without the addition of S9.
Small CTD Phosphatases Function in Silencing Neuronal Gene Expression (2005)

Neuronal gene transcription is repressed in non-neuronal cells by the repressor element 1 (RE-1)-silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST/NRSF) complex. To understand how this silencing is achieved, we examined a family of class-C RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) phosphatases [small CTD phosphatases (SCPs) 1 to 3], whose expression is restricted to non-neuronal tissues. We show that REST/NRSF recruits SCPs to neuronal genes that contain RE-1 elements, leading to neuronal gene silencing in non-neuronal cells. Phosphatase-inactive forms of SCP interfere with REST/NRSF function and promote neuronal differentiation of P19 stem cells. Likewise, small interfering RNA directed to the single Drosophila SCP unmasks neuronal gene expression in S2 cells. Thus, SCP activity is an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional regulator that acts globally to silence neuronal genes.
[Torsion of the great epiploon as cause of acute abdomen]. (1996)

Two patients with long term evolution of inguinal hernia and acute abdomen caused by torsion of the major omentum are reported. The main physiopathologic mechanisms involved in the torsion of epiploon as well as the clinical data that could enable us to suspect the diagnosis before performing laparotomy, are reviewed. After searching the literature, the low frequency of presentation of the illness is confirmed. Experience shows us that is less than 0.25 per thousand in the last 20 years.
Decline of Childhood Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) Disease in the Hib Vaccine Era (1993)

Our data suggest that conjugate vaccines have already had a marked impact on the incidence of Hib disease in the United States, preventing an estimated 10,000 to 16,000 cases of Hib disease in 1991. The decline of disease in infants less than 1 year old before licensure for this age group warrants further investigation.
DropBlock: A regularization method for convolutional networks (2018)

Deep neural networks often work well when they are over-parameterized and trained with a massive amount of noise and regularization, such as weight decay and dropout. Although dropout is widely used as a regularization technique for fully connected layers, it is often less effective for convolutional layers. This lack of success of dropout for convolutional layers is perhaps due to the fact that activation units in convolutional layers are spatially correlated so information can still flow through convolutional networks despite dropout. Thus a structured form of dropout is needed to regularize convolutional networks. In this paper, we introduce DropBlock, a form of structured dropout, where units in a contiguous region of a feature map are dropped together. We found that applying DropbBlock in skip connections in addition to the convolution layers increases the accuracy. Also, gradually increasing number of dropped units during training leads to better accuracy and more robust to hyperparameter choices. Extensive experiments show that DropBlock works better than dropout in regularizing convolutional networks. On ImageNet classification, ResNet-50 architecture with DropBlock achieves $78.13\%$ accuracy, which is more than $1.6\%$ improvement on the baseline. On COCO detection, DropBlock improves Average Precision of RetinaNet from $36.8\%$ to $38.4\%$.
278. Hypoxia Reduces Adenoviral Replication in Cancer Cells by Down-Regulation of Viral Protein Expression (2004)

Successful cancer therapy using replicating viral vectors relies on the spread of virus from infected to uninfected cells. To date, there has been limited clinical success in the use of replicating adenoviruses. In animal models, established xenograft tumors are rarely eliminated despite the persistence of high viral titers within the tumor. Hypoxia is a prevalent characteristic of solid tumors. Adenovirus naturally infects tissues exposed to ambient oxygen concentrations. In addition, the proximity of the virus to blood vessels within persistent xenograft tumors suggests that the hypoxic environment plays an important role in limiting adenoviral replication. We have previously established that hypoxia (1% oxygen) limits adenoviral replication in H1299 and A549 lung cancer cells (Mol Ther 2003; 7: 5 part 2). However, hypoxia did not reduce cell viability or restrict S-phase entry. To further evaluate the mechanism by which hypoxia reduces viral production, the transcription and translation of viral proteins were evaluated in hypoxic and ambient conditions. H1299 and A549 lung cancer cells were infected with wild type adenovirus Ad309 (MOI 10) and incubated for 24h or 48h in ambient (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (1% oxygen) environments. Immunoblotting was performed for two viral proteins, E1a and fiber. For both H1299 and A549 cells the production of E1a and fiber under hypoxic conditions was substantially decreased at 24h and 48h compared to room air controls. In contrast, northern analysis for A549 and H1299 cells showed similar levels of E1a mRNA in room air and hypoxic conditions at 24h. In conclusion, the level of hypoxia similar to that found within tumors reduces the replication of adenoviral vectors by reduction of viral protein expression without a reduction in mRNA levels.
Comprehensive analysis of genes involved in the malignancy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. (2010)

Gene analysis is currently only useful for diagnostic assessment and predicting therapeutic effects. However, it may be possible for new malignancy-related factors to be identified by comparing and investigating gene expression levels and other factors using such analyses.
Assessment of an accelerometer system for detection of estrus and treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone at the time of insemination in lactating dairy cows (2012)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate an accelerometer system (Heatime; SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel) to manage reproduction in lactating dairy cows. In experiment 1, lactating Holstein cows (n=112) were fitted with an accelerometer system and were treated with GnRH followed 7d later by PGF(2α) to synchronize estrus. A total of 89 cows that had a follicle >10mm in diameter and a functional corpus luteum at the PGF(2α) injection that regressed by 48 h after induction of luteolysis were included in the analysis. Overall, 71% of cows were detected in estrus by the accelerometer system and 95% of cows showing estrus ovulated within 7d after induction of luteolysis. Of the cows not detected in estrus by the accelerometer system, 35% ovulated within 7d after induction of luteolysis. Duration of estrus activity (mean ± SD) was 16.1±4.7 h and was neither affected by parity nor milk production. Intervals (means ± SD) from induction of luteolysis, onset of activity, peak raw activity, and peak weighted activity to ovulation was 82.2±9.5, 28.7±8.1, 20.4±7.8, and 16.4±7.4 h, respectively, and the interval from AI to ovulation was 7.9±8.7 h, but ranged from -12 to 26 h. In experiment 2, cows were assigned randomly to receive an intramuscular injection of GnRH at artificial insemination (AI) after detection of estrus by the accelerometer system or receive no treatment (control). Nine hundred seventy-nine AI services from 461 cows were analyzed. Treatment with GnRH at AI did not affect fertility at 35 or 65 d after AI, and no interaction was detected between treatment and season or treatment and AI number. Overall, two-thirds of the cows that were considered properly synchronized were inseminated based on the accelerometer system and ovulated after AI. The remaining cows either were not inseminated because they were not detected in estrus or would not have had a chance to conceive to AI because they failed to ovulate after estrus. Furthermore, mean time of AI in relation to ovulation determined by the accelerometer system was acceptable for most of the cows that displayed estrus; however, variability in the duration of estrus and timing of AI in relation to ovulation could lead to poor fertility in some cows. For lactating dairy cows detected in estrus by the accelerometer system, treatment with GnRH at the time of AI without reference to the onset of estrus did not increase fertility.
Onset of fluidization in vertically shaken granular material (2000)

When granular material is shaken vertically one observes convection, surface fluidization, spontaneous heap formation, and other effects. There is a controversial discussion in the literature as to whether there exists a threshold for the Froude number Gamma=A(0)omega(2)(0)/g, below which these effects cannot be observed anymore. By means of theoretical analysis and computer simulation we find that there is no such single threshold. Instead, we propose a modified criterion that coincides with the critical Froude number Gamma(c)=1 for small driving frequency omega(0).
The Formation and Evolution of Near Contact Binaries (2012)

Near contact binary (NCB) is one of the interesting close binary, which can be in the intermediate stage between detached or semi-detached state and contact state. So they are the important observational targets lying in the key evolutionary states. We have observed and analyzed a group of targets covering all types of NCBs. In this paper, the general properties of all four NCB subclasses are discussed. Combined our results and that from the literature, the relations between radii, mass, luminosity, and orbital period of NCBs are presented. Then, an evolutionary sequence of case A mass transfer is suggested.
Imputation of missing value using dynamic Bayesian network for multivariate time series data (2017)

Time series and multivariate data are required to accommodate more complex decision making. Data are processed using data mining techniques in order to obtain valuable trends in the data that can be used to support in decision making processes. Unfortunately, we often encounter a lot of problems in preparing the data for data mining process. One of the problem is missing values. Missing values in data may causes inaccurate results of data processing. Imputation are used to handle missing values. In this thesis missing value are handled using Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN). DBN is a useful technique to maintain the relationships between attributes of data. The results of the prediction are used to fill in the missing values in the data. Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithm is used for predicting the missing values. It is chosen for its good performance in comparison to other similar algorithms. Validation of the technique is carried out by using Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). SMAPE used to count an error rate for prediction model. The use of the DBN of feature selection for SVR can't decrease the error rate of the model.
Set Merging Algorithms (1973)

This paper considers the problem of merging sets formed from a total of n items in such a way that at any time, the name of a set containing a given item can be ascertained. Two algorithms using different data structures are discussed. The execution times of both algorithms are bounded by a constant times $nG(n)$, where $G(n)$ is a function whose asymptotic growth rate is less than that of any finite number of logarithms of n.
Toxicity of Graphene Based Nanomaterials Towards Different Bacterial Strains: A Comprehensive Review (2016)

Nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives have attained immense popularity among scientific community due to their unique properties. Graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and their nano-composites have shown to possess enormous potential in the field of nanomedicines. Graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) have extensively being used in different fields including antibacterial formulations. Mechanisms underlying the toxicity of GFNs involve the interaction of sharp edges of graphene derivatives with the bacterial cell wall, charge transfer and formation of huge number of reactive oxygen species. The use of graphene derivatives including GO-Ag nanocomposites, polydopamine-graphene nanosheets, rGO-Iron oxide NPs, Pluronic-GO, G-Carbon Nanotubes-iron oxides, Ag-rGO-Fe3O4-polyethylenimine composites, ZnO-GO and Cystamine-GO has revealed a strong antibacterial action against a variety of bacteria. In this paper, an attempt has been made to comprise the latest approaches being put forward in various researches based on the antibacterial action of graphene based nanomaterials and their composites
Effect of Somatic Cell Count on Milk Yield and Composition of First and Second Lactation Dairy Cows (2015)

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of somatic cell count (SCC) on milk yield and milk composition in first and second lactation Holstein dairy cows. Thirty cows in first lactation and 49 cows in second lactation were used in the study. Animals were 15±9.87 days in milk. Individual milk samples were collected monthly from June 2009 to March 2010, and somatic cell counts, milk protein, milk fat, lactose and milk urea-N were determined. Four SCC groups were formed for determining effect of SCC on milk yield and composition. These groups were as follows: ≤200, 201-500, 501-999, and ≥1.000×103 cell/mL. It was observed that SCC had a high significant effect on milk yield, milk protein, milk lactose (P<0.01), total solids and milk urea-N (P<0.05), however, the effect of SCC on milk fat was not significant (P>0.05). This study indicates that high SCC negatively affects not only milk yield but also milk composition and quality.
Turn-On Fluorescence Sensing of Nucleoside Polyphosphates Using a Xanthene-Based Zn(II) Complex Chemosensor (2008)

Fluorescence sensing with small molecular chemosensors is a versatile technique for elucidation of function of various biological substances. We now report a new fluorescent chemosensor for nucleoside polyphosphates such as ATP using metal-anion coordination chemistry. The chemosensor 1-2Zn(II) is comprised of the two sites of 2,2'-dipicolylamine (Dpa)-Zn(II) as the binding motifs and xanthene as a fluorescent sensing unit for nucleoside polyphosphates. The chemosensor 1-2Zn(II) selectively senses nucleoside polyphosphates with a large fluorescence enhancement (F/F(o) > 15) and strong binding affinity (K(app) approximately = 1 x 10(6) M(-1)), whereas no detectable fluorescence change was induced by monophosphate species and various other anions. The 'turn-on,' fluorescence of 1-2Zn(II) is based on a new mechanism, which involves the binding-induced recovery of the conjugated form of the xanthene ring from its nonfluorescent deconjugated state which was formed by an unprecedented nucleophilic attack of zinc-bound water. The selective and highly sensitive ability of 1-2Zn(II) to detect nucleoside polyphosphates enables its bioanalytical applications in fluorescence visualization of ATP particulate stores in living cells, demonstrating the potential utility of 1-2Zn(II).
[Iatrogenic demineralizing osteopathies]. (1994)

Long-term corticosteroid therapy is the most frequent and most severe cause of iatrogenic osteoporosis. Hypocalcaemia, subsequent to the induced negative calcium balance, may lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Corticosteroids also affect bone itself, probably by disrupting the production of growth factors. Bone resorption increases and bone formation decreases leading to a reduction in total bone mass. The relative immobilization resulting from the corticoid-induced myopathy or the underlying disease may accelerate the process. On the average, after one year of treatment, 5% of the bone mass is lost, and loss may reach as much as 10 to 30% at certain sites. Nearly 40% of all subjects on long-term corticosteroids suffer fractures. Other iatrogenic causes include anticonvulants which perturb phosphocalcium metabolism, 1-thyroxin which leads to bone loss when administered for hormone substitution, gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists which inhibit the hypophyseal-ovarian axis, tamoxifen (used in the treatment of breast cancer) which has an oestrogen-like effect, and other circumstances such as chemotherapy and long-term heparin. The gravity of iatrogenic osteroporosis thus requires preventive measures. Calcium and vitamin D supplements can compensate for impaired intestinal absorption of calcium but have no effect on bone density. One-alpha hydroxyl derivatives have been suggested but their effect remains controversial. Calcitriol can prevent bone loss in the lumbar vertebrae but hypercalcaemia occurs in one-fourth of the cases, limiting its use. Recent reports have shown that anti-oestroclastic agents may be useful. Nandrolone decaonate would have a favourable effect on bone loss but also causes virilization. In patent osteoporosis, fluorine can be combined with calcium resulting in increased lumbar bone density. Calcitonin and calcium can also be combined to induce a rise in bone density. The long-term effects of these treatments in terms of reduced fracture risk remain to be determined. A better understanding of the adverse effects of the different classes of corticosteroids is essential for optimal treatment. In cases requiring long-term therapy implicating the risk of iatrogenic osteoporosis, bone density quantitation can be a valuable means of evaluating bone loss, and of adapting preventive or corrective measures.
A 0.02mm<sup>2</sup> embedded temperature sensor with &#x00B1;2&#x00B0;C inaccuracy for self-refresh control in 25nm mobile DRAM (2015)

This paper describes an all-CMOS embedded temperature sensor that directly controls the self-refresh period of a 25nm mobile DRAM. It occupies 0.02mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and achieves 0.04°C resolution and ±2°C accuracy from 20°C to 95°C after a single temperature trim. This performance is enabled by the use of dynamic threshold MOSFETs as temperature sensing devices, and by using chopping and trimming to mitigate the effects of device mismatch and process spread. The sensor consumes 9uW at a conversion rate of 7-kHz and a resolution of 50mK, which corresponds to a resolution FoM of 3.2pJK <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . When used to control the self-refresh period of an 8GB mobile DRAM, the sensor reduces its standby current by 7x over a 20°C to 95°C range.