gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transitional B Cell Fate Is Associated with Developmental Stage-Specific Regulation of Diacylglycerol and Calcium Signaling upon B Cell Receptor Engagement (2006)

Functional peripheral mature follicular B (FoB) lymphocytes are thought to develop from immature transitional cells in a BCR-dependent manner. We have previously shown that BCR cross-linking in vitro results in death of early transitional (T1) B cells, whereas late transitional (T2) B cells survive and display phenotypic characteristics of mature FoB cells. We now demonstrate that diacylglycerol (DAG), a lipid second messenger implicated in cell survival and differentiation, is produced preferentially in T2 compared with T1 B cells upon BCR cross-linking. Consistently, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate is also produced preferentially in T2 compared with T1 B cells. Unexpectedly, the initial calcium peak appears similar in both T1 and T2 B cells, whereas sustained calcium levels are higher in T1 B cells. Pretreatment with 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate, an inhibitor of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-mediated calcium release, and verapamil, an inhibitor of L-type calcium channels, preferentially affects T1 B cells, suggesting that distinct mechanisms regulate calcium mobilization in each of the two transitional B cell subsets. Finally, BCR-mediated DAG production is dependent upon Bruton's tyrosine kinase and phospholipase C-gamma2, enzymes required for the development of FoB from T2 B cells. These results suggest that calcium signaling in the absence of DAG-mediated signals may lead to T1 B cell tolerance, whereas the combined action of DAG and calcium signaling is necessary for survival and differentiation of T2 into mature FoB lymphocytes.
High-Throughput Secure Three-Party Computation for Malicious Adversaries and an Honest Majority. (2016)

In this paper, we describe a new protocol for secure three-party computation of any functionality, with an honest majority and a malicious adversary. Our protocol has both an information-theoretic and computational variant, and is distinguished by extremely low communication complexity and very simple computation. We start from the recent semi-honest protocol of Araki et al. (ACM CCS 2016) in which the parties communicate only a single bit per AND gate, and modify it to be secure in the presence of malicious adversaries. Our protocol follows the paradigm of first constructing Beaver multiplication triples and then using them to verify that circuit gates are correctly computed. As in previous work (e.g., the so-called TinyOT and SPDZ protocols), we rely on the cut-and-choose paradigm to verify that triples are correctly constructed. We are able to utilize the fact that at most one of three parties is corrupted in order to construct an extremely simple and efficient method of constructing such triples. We also present an improved combinatorial analysis for this cut-and-choose which can be used to achieve improvements in other protocols using this approach.
Aldosterone Antagonists for Preventing the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (2009)

Aldosterone antagonists reduce proteinuria in CKD patients already on ACEis and ARBs but increase the risk of hyperkalemia. Long-term effects of these agents on renal outcomes, mortality, and safety need to be established.
Scintigraphy using a technetium 99m‐labelled anti‐E‐selectin Fab fragment in rheumatoid arthritis (2002)

(99m)Tc-anti-E-selectin-Fab scintigraphy can be used successfully to image synovitis with better specificity than (99m)Tc-HDP bone scanning. The advantages over (111)In-1.2B6-F(ab')(2) are easier availability of the radionuclide, improved physical properties and optimal imaging 4 h after injection.
Vasectomy‐related changes on sonographic examination of the scrotum (2004)

We found a significantly higher incidence of thickened epididymides, epididymal tubular ectasia, a combination of both these findings, and sperm granuloma in the vasectomy group than in the controls. These findings are most likely attributable to postvasectomy obstructive changes and increased intraluminal pressure in the efferent ducts, epididymis, and vas deferens.
Synthesis of thiophene/phenylene co‐oligomers. I. Phenyl‐capped oligothiophenes (2000)

Abstract We report the synthesis of phenyl‐capped oligothiophenes via improved synthetic schemes. These schemes are based on the Grignard coupling reaction and enable us to obtain the target compounds at high yields. The resulting materials have been fully characterized through nmr and ir spectroscopies. The ir analysis is particularly useful in characterizing the materials of higher molecular weight, since those materials are difficult to dissolve in organic solvent. We also show an improvement on preparation of halogenated (oligo)thiophenes that are used as intermediates for synthesizing the target compounds. An alternative synthetic route to the phenyl‐capped oligothiophenes that utilizes the Suzuki coupling reaction is presented as well.
Dynamics of Compliance Mechanisms in Scroll Compressors, Part I: Axial Compliance (1990)

Tom Barito Senior Engineer United Technologies Carrier Syracuse, NY 13221 In this paper an axial compliance mechanism in the form of a back chamber belov the orbiting scroll is discussed for the scroll compressor. Pressurization of the back chamber is modeled as a dynamic process using mass and energy conservation in the back chamber along vith compressible Fanno flov for predicting the highly oscillatory gas flov into or out of the back chamber through a supply line. The model is validated by comparison of the predicted back chamber pressures vith dynamic pressure measurements. The effect of the dynamic pressure in the back chamber on scroll compressor performance over a vide range of geometries and operating conditions is discussed. NOMENCLATURE cp Specific heat capacity at constant pressure d Differential operator D Diameter E Energy f Friction factor at flov boundary g Gravitational acceleration h Enthalpy of gas HD Hydraulic diameter L Length m Mass of gas m Mass flov rate p Pressure 6p Peak-to-peak (p-p) pressure a Rate of heat transfer SOC Start of closed compression process SOD Start of discharge process SOS Start of suction process t Time T Temperature U Internal energy of gas v Velocity of gas V Volume W Rate of boundary vork z Elevation of gas e Crank angle position of orbiting scroll Density of gas Subscripts be Back chamber cv Control volume in Into control volume out Out of control volume o Reference pressure sl Supply line up Upstream of control volume
Machinability Test Methods (1989)

Abstract This article discusses the factors to be considered in selecting and evaluating machining tests for the purpose of evaluating cutting tool performance and workpiece machinability. It provides a brief description of cutting tool materials, such as high-speed steels, uncoated and coated carbides, cermets, ceramics, cubic boron nitride, and polycrystalline diamond. The article considers the matrices that represent the range of tests performed on candidate cutting tool materials: the workpiece matrix, the property matrix, and the operation matrix. Various machine tests used to evaluate cutting tools, including the impact test, turning test, and facing test, are described. The article lists the factors to be taken into consideration in measuring the machinability of a material. The article presents general recommendations for proper chip groove selection on carbide tools and concludes with information on machining economics.
3D natural hand interaction for AR applications (2008)

In this paper we describe a computer vision-based 3D hand tracking system for a multimodal augmented reality (AR) interface. We have developed a 3D vision-based natural hand interaction method. This consists of four steps: (1) skin colour segmentation, (2) feature point finding, (3) hand direction calculation, and (4) simple collision detection based on a short finger ray for interaction between the userpsilas hand and augmented objects. The resulting fingertip tracking accuracy varied from 3 mm to 20 mm depending on the distance between the userpsilas hand and the stereo camera. We describe how this hand tracking is applied in three AR applications which merge gesture and speech input.
The effects of silver coated external fixation pins. (2006)

We performed a randomized controlled trial in order to assess the effect silver coating of an external fixator pin has on pin infection. The experimental silver coated pins (SC) were compared to control stainless steel (SS) pins. A clamp design monolateral fixator was used, and pins were randomized to clamp position to allow side-by-side comparisons of pins in a similar environment. Nineteen patients and 33 clamps were entered and completed the study. There were no significant differences between the two types of pins in the rate of pin tract infection, clinical appearances of the pin sites, bacteriology of the pin tracts, torque to remove the pins, or radiographic lucency around the pin. We concluded that with the numbers available in this study, there were no detectable differences between the performance of SC and SS pins.
A Fiber Optic Seismic Sensor for Unattended Ground Sensing Applications (2009)

Abstract : Fiber optic seismic sensors have been increasingly recognized as promising technologies for many applications, such as intruder detection and perimeter defense systems. Among these, a military seismic sensor is especially challenging because it requires a robust, compact, reliable, easily installable and operated product. This article reports on our recent experimental investigations of a military fiber optic seismic sensor. In particular, an improved sensor design and new signal processing techniques are illustrated in this article, which include: (a) a scanning laser wavelength-based demodulation system; (b) a digital lock-in amplifier and field programmable gate array techniques for weak signal detection and processing; and (c) overall improved seismic sensitivity based on carbon fiber composite cantilever and fiber-Bragg-grating sensing technology. The experimental results show that the fiber-Bragg-grating seismic sensor frequency response band is between 10 and 300 Hz and that it has a higher sensitivity than the conventional electromagnetic geophone within the frequency response band most important for battlefield monitoring. The fiber-Bragg-grating seismic sensor is totally immune to electromagnetic interference and has a working temperature between -40 deg C and +50 deg C for military harsh environments. Comparisons are also presented of the fiber-Bragg-grating seismic sensor with the commercial REMBASS sensor in a series of field tests.
Modelling of NbC Precipitation Kinetics in Hot Deformed Austenite on Nb Bearing Low Carbon Steels (1989)

In order to predict microstructure and mechanical properties in hot rolled HSLA steels, a precipitation model of NbC in austenite was developed. The effects of Nb content, prior austenite grain size and condition of deformation on the precipitation kinetics were quantitatively determined by extraction replica.The modelling was basically constructed with the classical nucleation and growth theory, and the precipitation fraction was estimated from the supersaturation of Nb in solution. As effects of deformation on precipitation, a strain energy term was added to the driving force of nucleation. The increase in nucleation sites and the enhancement of diffusibity of Nb were expressed as functions of the dislocation density.The experimental results concerning the accelaration of precipitation due to strain and the interaction between recrystallization and precipitation were quantitatively explained by the present model.
Architecture of a metasearch engine that supports user information needs (1999)

When a query is submitted to a metasearch engine, decisions are made with respect to the underlying search engines to be used, what modifications will be made to the query, and how to score the results. These decisions are typically made by considering only the user's keyword query, neglecting the larger information need. Users with specific needs, such as “research papers” or “homepages,” are not able to express these needs in a way that affects the decisions made by the metasearch engine. In this paper, we describe a metasearch engine architecture that considers the user's information need for each decision. Users with different needs, but the same keyword query, may search different sub-search engines, have different modifications made to their query, and have results ordered differently. Our architecture combines several powerful approaches together in a single general purpose metasearch engine.
Medicinal Plants and Natural Compounds from the Genus Morus (Moraceae) with Hypoglycemic Activity: A Review (2012)

Medicinal Plants and Natural Compounds from the Genus Morus (Moraceae) with Hypoglycemic Activity: A Review
Effective Privacy Amplification for Secure Classical Communications⋆ (2016)

We study the practical effectiveness of privacy amplification for classical key distribution schemes. We find that in contrast to quantum key distribution schemes, the high fidelity of the raw key generated in classical systems allow the users to always sift a secure shorter key if they have an upper bound on the eavesdropper probability to correctly guess the exchanged key bits. The number of privacy amplification iterations needed to achieve information leak of 10−8 in existing classical communicators is 2 or 3 resulting in a corresponding slowdown 4 to 8. We analyze the inherent tradeoff between the number of iterations and the security of the raw key. This property which is unique to classical key distribution systems render them highly useful for practical, especially for noisy channels where sufficiently low quantum bit error ratios are difficult to achieve.
Effects of traumatic brain injury on intestinal contractility (2013)

Traumatic brain injury causes a delayed but significant decrease in intestinal contractile activity in the ileum leading to delayed transit. The decreased intestinal contractile activity is attributed to secondary inflammatory injury as evidenced by increased NF-kB activity, increased edema, and increased inflammatory cytokines in the intestinal smooth muscle.
New very low power, high efficiency, DC/DC power supply for LEO satellite constellation (2003)

In this paper we present a 3 W DC/DC power supply for use in small LEO satellites. Efficiency achieved is well above 70% in the higher power range. For this low power level, (P/sub /spl theta/max/=3 W) the control consumption and driving circuit losses are critical and therefore two different resonant driving methods are presented. Both are based on a resonant drive technique used to drive the resonant forward with maximum efficiency. The new proposed power supply is short circuit protected, galvanic isolated, with three completely regulated outputs, has a high noise rejection and is fed from a regulated 50 V bus. Low weight and small size can be achieved using surface mounted devices and low profile cores or planar magnetic elements.
Fundamental analysis for visible-light communication system using LED lights (2004)

White LED offers advantageous properties such as high brightness, reliability, lower power consumption and long lifetime. White LEDs are expected to serve in the next generation of lamps. An indoor visible-light communication system utilizing white LED lights has been proposed from our laboratory. In the proposed system, these devices are used not only for illuminating rooms but also for an optical wireless communication system. Generally, plural lights are installed in our room. So, their optical path difference must be considered. In this paper, we discuss about the influence of interference and reflection. Based on numerical analyses, we show that the system is expected to be the indoor communication of the next generation.
Hsp110 Cooperates with Different Cytosolic HSP70 Systems in a Pathway for de Novo Folding (2005)

Molecular chaperones such as Hsp70 use ATP binding and hydrolysis to prevent aggregation and ensure the efficient folding of newly translated and stress-denatured polypeptides. Eukaryotic cells contain several cytosolic Hsp70 subfamilies. In yeast, these include the Hsp70s SSB and SSA as well as the Hsp110-like Sse1/2p. The cellular functions and interplay between these different Hsp70 systems remain ill-defined. Here we show that the different cytosolic Hsp70 systems functionally interact with Hsp110 to form a chaperone network that interacts with newly translated polypeptides during their biogenesis. Both SSB and SSA Hsp70s form stable complexes with the Hsp110 Sse1p. Pulse-chase analysis indicates that these Hsp70/Hsp110 teams, SSB/SSE and SSA/SSE, transiently associate with newly synthesized polypeptides with different kinetics. SSB Hsp70s bind cotranslationally to a large fraction of nascent chains, suggesting an early role in the stabilization of nascent chains. SSA Hsp70s bind mostly post-translationally to a more restricted subset of newly translated polypeptides, suggesting a downstream function in the folding pathway. Notably, loss of SSB dramatically enhances the cotranslational association of SSA with nascent chains, suggesting SSA can partially fulfill an SSB-like function. On the other hand, the absence of SSE1 enhances polypeptide binding to both SSB and SSA and impairs cell growth. It, thus, appears that Hsp110 is an important regulator of Hsp70-substrate interactions. Based on our data, we propose that Hsp110 cooperates with the SSB and SSA Hsp70 subfamilies, which act sequentially during de novo folding.
A Statistical Analysis of Hillsdale Lake Data (2000)

In this paper we provide a proper statistical analysis of Hillsdale lake (in the suburb of Kansas city in USA) data and propose an estimate of good water clarity level with a desired level of confidence. AMS (2000} Subject Classification: 62-07.
Numerical assessment of error estimators for Euler equations (2001)

Grid convergence studies are conducted to assess four error estimators for their asymptotic behavior: explicit residual, solution reconstruction, Richardson extrapolation, and solution of the error equations. Their accuracy, reliability, and efficitivity to predict the true error are verified on the quasi-one-dimensional Euler equations solved by a second-order accurate finite volume method
Phenotypic and Genetic Variation in the Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae Type b to Antibodies to Somatic Antigens (1980)

Haemophilus influenzae type b (H.i.b) has been investigated with respect to phenotypic and genetic variations resulting in differential susceptibility to bactericidal antibody. Previous studies had shown that after growth in infected rats or in dialysate of rat serum, H.i.b strain Eag became more resistant to the bactericidal activity of antisomatic antibody. We now report that a similar phenotypic shift occurs when strain Eag is incubated with dialysate of human serum, that the increased resistance is to antibodies against determinants in the lipopolysaccharide not for the somatic antigens generally, and that most strains of H.i.b undergo the shift. To assess genetic differences in exposed antigens, a panel of 13 H.i.b isolates from cerebrospinal fluid were analyzed with cross-adsorbed antisera. Seven different patterns were found that could be accounted for through the variable expression of six antigens. These ranged from infrequent (found on 1:13 strains) to common (10:13 strains). At least four were somatic rather than capsular determinants; the most common (antigen 1) was contained in lipopolysaccharide. The epidemiologic relevance of the genetic variations was explored using pairs of isolates from two children who had had two documented infections with H.i.b. In both cases the isolates varied in somatic antigen expression. The strains from one patient differed in the expression of antigen 1. The isolates from the other were indistinguishable in sub-typing for the six classified antigens, but differed in the expression of an additional antigen identified by use of the patient's serum.
Prioritizing Signaling Information Transmission in Next Generation Networks (2011)

Next generation transport network is characterized by the use of in-band signaling, where Internet Protocol (IP) packets carrying signaling or media information are mixed in transmission. Since transport resources are limited, when any segment of access or core network is congested, IP packets carrying signaling information may be discarded. As a consequence, it may be impossible to implement reachability and quality of service (QoS). Since present approaches are insufficient to completely address this problem, a novel approach is proposed, which is based on prioritizing signaling information transmission. To proof the concept, a simulation study was performed using Network Simulator version 2 (ns-2) and independently developed Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) module. The obtained results were statistically processed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0. Summarizing our research results, several issues are identified for future work.
On the threshold voltage and channel conductance of polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (1996)

A model for the grain-boundary barrier height of undoped polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors is developed based on a rodlike structure of the grains with a square cross section and a Gaussian energy distribution of the trapping states at the grain boundaries. An analytical expression for the threshold voltage is derived in terms of the distribution parameters of the grain-boundary trapping states, the grain size, and the gate oxide thickness. Comparison between the developed model and the experimental drain current versus gate voltage data has been made and excellent agreement was obtained. The key parameters affecting the threshold voltage and the channel conductance of the transistor were investigated by computer stimulation. The threshold voltage is mainly affected by the grain size and the gate oxide thickness. For the improvement of the channel conductance, besides the passivation of the grain-boundary trapping states, the increase of the grain size and mainly the scaling down of the gate oxide thickness are the key factors.
The BBC Select decoder (1992)

Describes a conditional access TV system specifically developed for the BBC to make use of their night time period when normal programmes are not being transmitted. The service launched in 1992 targets special interest groups such as lawyers, doctors, ethnic minorities etc. and is called BBC Select. The system is based on the VideoCrypt philosophy using a smart card based detachable conditional access system. The three new components to add to a typical head-end installation to support the BBC Select service are the subscriber management system which handles all the customer related data, a security computer which performs the encryption of the transmitted data, and finally the encoder which performs the scrambling of the video and inserts the data in the video. The decoder performs the inverse function of the encoder i.e. descrambling and decryption and is a highly integrated architecture with the descrambling process being carried out in a specially developed ASIC and the decryption being carried out by a smart card.
A model for software product quality (1995)

A model for software product quality is defined, it has been formulated by associating a set of quality-carrying properties with each of the structural forms that are used to define the statements and statement components of a programming language. These quality-carrying properties are in turn linked to the high-level quality attributes of the International Standard for Software Product Evaluation ISO-9126. The model supports building quality into software, definition of language-specific coding standards, systematically classifying quality defects, and the development of automated code auditors for detecting defects in software.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>