gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>Mutants in a Model of Experimental Gastroenteritis (1999)

Salmonella typhimurium strains harboring independent, defined mutations in aroA, invA, ssrA, or msbB were assessed for their ability to induce fluid accumulation, tissue damage, and local inflammation in rabbit ileal loops. Three wild-type strains of S. typhimurium, TML, HWSH, and SL1344, and two mutant strains, S. typhimurium SL1344 ssrA and S. typhimurium SL1344 msbB, consistently induced fluid accumulation in the lumen of loops and inflammation of loop-associated tissues. In contrast, three different S. typhimurium aroA strains and an invA mutant of SL1344 did not induce significant fluid accumulation in the rabbit ileal loops. However, the S. typhimurium aroA strains did induce an inflammatory infiltrate and some local villus-associated damage, but the invA mutant did not. Histologically, wild-type S. typhimurium, S. typhimurium SL1344 ssrA, and S. typhimurium SL1344 msbB demonstrated more severe effects on villus architecture than S. typhimurium aroA strains, whereas S. typhimurium invA-infected loops showed no detectable damage. This suggests that villus damage most likely contributes to fluid accumulation within the loop.
Circadian changes of clinical chemical and endocrinological parameters. (1981)

It is known that all forms of life possess biological rhythms. The structure of this biological daily periodicity is caused by endogenous and exogenous factors. The reasons of circadian periodicity are endogenous processes, which can be modified by exogenous factors. This review describes the daily fluctuations of concentrations or excretions of haematologic, clinical chemical and endocrinological parameters. In blood and serum the largest daily variations are found for the concentrations of haemoglobin, potassium, iron, cortisol, testosterone, somatotropin, prolactin, adrenaline and noradrenaline. In contrast to the serum concentrations of the electrolytes sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate, their urinary excretions demonstrate pronounced daily rhythms with amplitudes being twice as high as the daily means. There is a remarkable phase shift of 180 degrees between phosphate and the cations both in the serum concentrations and urinary excretions. A daily rhythm comparable to the urinary excretion of electrolytes, has been measured for the urinary excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol. A constant, well defined timing of the sampling is important for those constituents with a marked daily variation. For numerous parameters very contradictory results have been reported in the literature concerning their daily variations, especially in cases of less pronounced rhythms. For some parameters the reasons for the differences in the observed daily variations are discussed.
A Fully Electronic Label-Free DNA Sensor Chip (2007)

This paper presents a microfabricated DNA chip for fully electronic, label-free DNA recognition based on capacitance measurements. The chip has been fabricated in 0.5-mum CMOS technology and it features an array of individually addressable sensing sites consisting of pairs of gold electrodes and addressing logic. Read-out circuitry is built externally using standard components to provide increased experimental flexibility. The chip has been electrically characterized and tested with various solutions containing DNA samples. Significant capacitance variations due to DNA hybridization have been measured, thus showing that the approach represents a viable solution for a single chip DNA sensor array
Algorithms for Reporting and Counting Geometric Intersections (1979)

An interesting class of "geometric intersection problems" calls for dealing with the pairwise intersections among a set of N objects in the plane, These problems arise in many applications such as printed circuit design, architectural data bases, and computer graphics. Shamos and Hoey have described a number of algorithms for detecting whether any two objects in a planar set intersect. In this paper we extend their work by giving algorithms that count the number of such intersections and algorithms that report all such intersections.
Atypical Protein Kinase C ζ Exhibits a Proapoptotic Function in Ovarian Cancer (2010)

Intracellular signaling governed by serine/threonine kinases comprises the molecular interface between cell surface receptors and the nuclear transcriptional machinery. The protein kinase C (PKC) family members are involved in the control of many signaling processes directing cell proliferation, motility, and survival. Here, we examined a role of different PKC isoenzymes in protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and HRSL3 tumor suppressor-dependent cell death induction in the ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR-3. Phosphorylation and activity of PKC isoenzymes were measured in response to PP2A or phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition or HRSL3 overexpression. These experiments indicated a regulation of PKC, epsilon, zeta, and iota through PP2A and/or HRSL3, but not of PKCalpha and beta. Using isoform-specific peptide inhibitors and overexpression approaches, we verified a contribution to PP2A- and HRLS3-dependent apoptosis only for PKCzeta, suggesting a proapoptotic function of this kinase. We observed a significant proportion of human ovarian carcinomas expressing high levels of PKCzeta, which correlated with poor prognosis. Primary ovarian carcinoma cells isolated from patients also responded to okadaic acid treatment with increased phosphorylation of PKCzeta and apoptosis induction. Thus, our data indicate a contribution of PKCzeta in survival control in ovarian carcinoma cells and suggest that upregulation or activation of tyrosine kinase receptors in this tumor might impinge onto apoptosis control through the negative regulation of the atypical PKCzeta.
A 4GHz Low Complexity ADPLL-based Frequency Synthesizer in 90nm CMOS (2007)

A 4 GHz ADPLL-based integer-N frequency synthesizer is reported in this paper. It employs a low-complexity digital phase and frequency detector as well as a non-linear phase and frequency decision circuit to significantly reduce the hardware complexity while maintain a comparable in-lock performance to other high-complexity ADPLLs. The ADPLL was fabricated in 90 nm CMOS technology to prove its feasibility. Operating with a high-frequency-resolution DCO, the proposed low-complexity ADPLL exhibits a programmable loop bandwidth from 100 kHz to 6 MHz with and an excellent in-band phase noise performance.
Integration of the expander/compressor into the supermarket CO2 cooling system. (2006)

The primary objectives to use a combined expander/compressor unit in a CO2 refrigeration cycle are to improve the COP and to reduce the exhaust pressure of the main compressor of the system. With the successful development of such an expander/compressor at the TU Dresden, the primary objectives have been reached. As a next step it will be investigated how this machine can be integrated into a supermarket cooling system. In summer as well as in warmer regions of the world the ambient temperature is higher than the critical temperature of CO2. That means that the refrigeration system operates in a trans-critical mode. The expander was originally developed for such operating conditions. But in Central and Northern Europe and many other regions of the world, the ambient temperature is during long periods of the year so low, that the condensing pressure of the CO2 refrigeration system can be kept below 70 bars, i.e. that the cycle can be operated in a subcritical mode. This requirement implicates for the expander quite different working conditions.
Human b-cell differentiation. I. Analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain switching using monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin M, G, and A antibodies and pokeweed mitogen-induced plasma cell differentiation. (1982)

Monoclonal antibodies were used to examine the immunoglobulin isotypes expressed by B lymphocyte precursors of IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgA2 plasma cells. Plasma-cell differentiation was induced by the addition of pokeweed mitogen to cultures of blood mononuclear cells. Anti-mu, -gamma, -alpha, and -alpha 1 antibodies were used in some experiments to inhibit differentiation of B lymphocytes bearing these heavy chain isotypes, and for selective removal of B lymphocyte precursors before culture with pokeweed mitogen in other experiments. Three major subpopulations of B lymphocyte precursors were identified: (a) a subpopulation of surface (s) IgM+ precursors of IgM plasma cells that did not express IgG or IgA isotypes, (b) a subpopulation of sIgG+ precursors of IgG plasma cells of which approximately one-half bore some IgM and none had detectable IgA receptors, and (c) a subpopulation of sIgA+ precursors of IgA plasma cells; one half of these precursors could be shown to express functional IgM receptors but none were found to express IgG receptors. The sIgA subpopulation could be further subdivided into sIgA1+ precursors of IgA1 plasma cells and IgA1-negative precursors of IgA2 plasma cells. These results suggest that normal human B cells can switch from mu directly to each of the other heavy chain isotypes, and that these represent the main switch pathways.
[Detection of human immunodeficiency virus infection in tuberculosis patients]. (1999)

Enough knowledge of the risk of combined HIV/MTB infection and high-degree alert should be emphasized in medical professionals involving in diagnosis, treatment and management of tuberculosis. Routine HIV antibody detection in high-risk tuberculosis patients for HIV infection, especially in young and middle-age tuberculosis patients, is helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of AIDS and avoiding its spreading.
DMA-Assisted, Intranode Communication in GPU Accelerated Systems (2012)

Accelerator awareness has become a pressing issue in data movement models, such as MPI, because of the rapid deployment of systems that utilize accelerators. In our previous work, we developed techniques to enhance MPI with accelerator awareness, thus allowing applications to easily and efficiently communicate data between accelerator memories. In this paper, we extend this work with techniques to perform efficient data movement between accelerators within the same node using a DMA-assisted, peer-to-peer intranode communication technique that was recently introduced for NVIDIA GPUs. We present a detailed design of our new approach to intranode communication and evaluate its improvement to communication and application performance using micro-kernel benchmarks and a 2D stencil application kernel.
The correlation between the expression of P-SAPK/JNK and neuronal apoptosis in the striatum during penmnent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats (2011)

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of P-SAPK/ JNK and neuronal apoptosis in the striatum during permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion （pMCAO） in rats. Methods Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group and pMCAO 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-hour groups （n =9 in each group）. Apoptotie neurons in the striatum during cerebral ischemia were detected by TUNEL assay, the nuclear translocation of P-SAPK/JNK in the striatum by immunohistochemical staining, expressions of P-SAPK/JNK protein by Western blot. Results The numbers TUNEL- and P-SAPK/ JNK-positive cells in the striatum at 1 hour after pMCAO increased sigfificantly （P =0. 000 1） , and reached the peak at 6 hours. The numbers of TUNEL-positive cells decreased at 12 hours, however, it still higher than the sham operation group （P = 0. 000 2）. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of P-SAPK/JNK after pMCAO increased significantly, and the time-course change was in accord with the result of immunohistochemical staining. Neuronal apoptosis in the striatum was significantly positively correlated with the expression of P-SAPK/ JNK （r =0. 984, P =0. 000 4）. Conclusions Cerebral ischemia may induce neuronal apoptosis in the striatum through the activation of P-SAPK/JNK.

Key words: 
Brain ischemia;  Corpus striatum;  JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases; Apoptosis;  Rats
A planar slot spiral for multi-function communications apertures (2002)

A slot spiral antenna and its associated feed are presented for conformal mounting on a variety of land, air, and sea vehicles. By exploiting the inherent broadband behavior, good pattern coverage and polarization generality of the spiral antenna, a conformal antenna which may be concurrently used for cellular, digital personal communications (PCS), global positioning (GPS), and intelligent vehicle highway systems (IVHS), as well as wireless LAN networks, has been developed. A key requirement for achieving such broadband behavior (800-3000 MHz) is the availability of a frequency-independent planar feed and balun. Additionally, high quality, very broadband spiral arm terminations and cavity and waveguide mode suppression are also very important. After a general description of the slot spiral antenna and the above advances, pattern and gain data are presented across the entire frequency range of operation.
Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. (2000)

Atherosclerosis is the principal cause of myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, accounting for nearly half of all mortality in developed countries. For example, it has been estimated that atherosclerosis leads to approximately 500,000 deaths from coronary artery disease and 150,000 deaths from stroke every year in the United States (American Heart Association, 1996). Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has become a well-established technique for revascularization of occluded arteries. However, the long-term efficacy of the procedure remains limited by progressive vessel renarrowing (restenosis) within the following few months after angioplasty. Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of both atherosclerosis and restenosis. Accordingly, considerable effort has been devoted to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate cell cycle progression in VSMCs. In the present article, we will review the different factors that are involved in the control of VSMC proliferation, especially in the context of cardiovascular disease. Ultimately, a thorough understanding of these regulatory networks may lead to the development of novel drug and gene therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Therapeutic approaches that targeted specific cell-cycle control genes or growth regulatory molecules which effectively inhibited neointimal lesion formation will be also discussed.
Influence of antibiotics and intramammary antibiotic products on phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by bovine leukocytes (1983)

SUMMARY Antibiotics and vehicles used in the treatment and prevention of mastitis were tested in vitro to determine effects on phagocytosis of 32 P-labeled Staphylococcus aureus ([ 32 P] sa ) by bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes ( pmn ) isolated from milk. Ampicillin, lincomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, neomycin, penicillin G, streptomycin, cephalothin, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, dicloxacillin, rifampin, trimethoprim, amikacin, novobiocin-penicillin, polymyxin B, and tiamulin were tested at in vitro concentrations of 1,000, 500, and 10 μg/ml, and sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol at 4,000, 2,000, and 10 μg/ml of incubation mixture. These dilutions were equivalent to antibiotic values in milk at 0, 6, and 12 hours after injection into the mammary gland. Vehicles included peanut oil, mineral oil, 3% cabosil in peanut oil, 2% aluminum monostearate in peanut oil, 25% polyethylene glycol ( peg ) in an aqueous base, 25% peg in mineral oil, and 25% peg in peanut oil. These were tested at dilutions of 1:100, 1:1,000, 1:5,000, and 1:10,000. The percentage of phagocytosis was determined and was compared with the percentage of phagocytosis in phosphate-buffered saline solution ( pbss ). Antibiotics and vehicles were diluted in 0.0132 M pbss (pH 7.4); combined with skimmed milk, pmn (12.5 × 10 6 ), and [ 32 P] sa (50 × 10 6 ); and incubated for 1 hour (37 C, no rocking) followed by rocking for 1 hour. A minimum of 2 runs for the antibiotics and 3 runs for the vehicles were performed with all concentrations or dilutions assayed in a single day's run. Phagocytosis was significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced at the high and intermediate concentrations for tiamulin, nitrofurantoin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, and amikacin, and at the high concentrations for gentamicin, tetracycline, and novobiocin-penicillin. The only vehicle that inhibited phagocytosis significantly was peanut oil without additives at the 1:100 dilution.
Copper vapor laser with stabilized output parameters (1983)

The possibility was demonstrated of regulating the emission characteristics of a laser utilizing self-terminating transitions by controlled variation of the concentrations of the normal and excited particles in the active medium, and of the electron temperature and density, by applying one or several additional electric pulses. In the case of a copper vapor laser the output pulse energy was stabilized as the pulse repetition frequency was varied over a wide range, as was the average laser output power at one of the selected frequencies. A prototype pulsed copper vapor laser was made which maintained a constant (to an accuracy of 1–3%) laser output pulse energy when the pulse repetition frequency was varied in the range 0.25–6.5 kHz.
<i>CHM/REP1</i> cDNA delivery by lentiviral vectors provides functional expression of the transgene in the retinal pigment epithelium of choroideremia mice (2012)

Lentiviral CHM/REP1 cDNA transgene rescues the prenylation defect in CHM mouse RPE and thus could be used to restore REP1 activity in the RPE of CHM patients.
Abrikosov dislocation lattice in a model of the cholesteric<i>–</i>to<i>–</i>smectic-<i>A</i>transition (1988)

The nematic--to--smectic-A transition in liquid crystals is analogous to the normal to superconducting transition in metals with the Frank director n in liquid crystals playing the role of the vector potential A in metals. The liquid-crystal analog of an external magnetic field is a field, arising, for example, from molecular chirality, leading to a nonzero \ensuremath{\nabla}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}n in the equilibrium nematic phase. The cholesteric (twisted nematic) phase is the analog of a normal metal in an external magnetic field. In type-II superconductors in an external magnetic field, the Abrikosov flux lattice phase with partial flux penetration intervenes between the low-temperature Meissner phase and the high-temperature normal-metal phase. In this paper we study the analog in liquid crystals containing chiral molecules of the Abrikosov phase in superconductors. Using a covariant form of the de Gennes free energy, we find that in mean-field theory a state, which we call the twist-grain-boundary (TGB) state, with regularly spaced grain boundaries consisting of parallel screw dislocations, intervenes between the smectic and cholesteric phases. We calculate the liquid-crystal analogs of the upper and lower critical fields ${H}_{c2}$ and ${H}_{c1}$. The properties of the TGB phase depend on the angle 2\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\alpha} between axes of dislocations in adjacent grain boundaries. \ensuremath{\alpha} can be rational or irrational. When \ensuremath{\alpha}=p/q for mutually prime integers p and q, the TGB state has a q-fold screw axis and quasicrystalline symmetry for crystallographically forbidden q. Our calculations ignore exponentially small terms favoring lock in at rational \ensuremath{\alpha}. We calculate the x-ray scattering intensities in the cholesteric phase near the TGB phase boundary and in the TGB phase for rational and irrational \ensuremath{\alpha}. We also discuss experimental difficulties in observing the TGB state and the possible effects fluctuations not included in mean-field theory might have on its existence.
Critical Current Densities and Force-displacement Characteristics of Fluxoids in Ba1-xKxFe2As2 Single Crystal (2012)

The superconducting Ba1-xKxFe2As2 (x = 0.4) single crystals were prepared by the so-called FeAs self-flux method. The critical temperature by ac susceptibility measurement was estimated to be about 36 K. The magnetic field and temperature dependences of critical current densities were investigated by an ac inductive measurement (Campbell's method). Unlike the phenomenon of co-existence of the global and local critical current densities observed in many polycrystalline Fe-based superconducting pnictides, it was found that only a uniform critical current density (Jc) flows through the whole sample. The value of Jc at 20 K and 1 T was about 5×108 A/m2, which is much smaller than the local critical current density observed in polycrystalline samples. The force-displacement characteristic of fluxoids in sample was investigated. The Labusch parameter was found to increase monotonously with increasing magnetic field, while the interaction distance was proportional to the fluxoid spacing. These results are consistent with the prediction based on a simple flux pinning mechanism.
Higher accuracy and throughput in computer-aided screening of mammographic microcalcifications (2002)

This paper outlines a new methodology for computer-aided screening (CAS) of microcalcifications. The proposed approach takes advantage of the research already performed in the field of CAS and facilitates its translation to practical screening systems by exploring two concepts that address the key issues of (1) higher accuracy and (2) higher throughput. The first concept involves the utilization of a front-end fractal encoding scheme that analyzes digitized mammograms and generates focus-of-attention regions (FARs). The second concept is that of distributed segmentation, that is, subjecting FARs to multiple microcalcification segmentation techniques. To validate the impact of FAR generation on the ensuing processes in GAS, specifically that of segmentation, an existing segmentation technique was selected and applied to 100 digitized mammograms (45 with and 55 without microcalcifications). Utilizing the selected segmentation technique in conjunction with the proposed fractal encoding scheme reduced the number of false detections from 310 to 53 (83% reduction) in images with microcalcifications and from 931 to 197 (79% reduction) in images without microcalcifications. This was accomplished while maintaining a coverage rate of 88%. In addition, the input data were reduced by up to 99%.
Learning Symmetric Collaborative Dialogue Agents with Dynamic Knowledge Graph Embeddings (2017)

We study a symmetric collaborative dialogue setting in which two agents, each with private knowledge, must strategically communicate to achieve a common goal. The open-ended dialogue state in this setting poses new challenges for existing dialogue systems. We collected a dataset of 11K human-human dialogues, which exhibits interesting lexical, semantic, and strategic elements. To model both structured knowledge and unstructured language, we propose a neural model with dynamic knowledge graph embeddings that evolve as the dialogue progresses. Automatic and human evaluations show that our model is both more effective at achieving the goal and more human-like than baseline neural and rule-based models.