gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel DNA polymerase induced by<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>phage φ29 (1983)

A novel DNA polymerase induced by Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi 29 has been identified. This polymerase can be separated from host DNA polymerase, by fractionation of extracts prepared from phage infected cells, using phosphocellulose chromatography. The isolated polymerase prefers poly(dA)oligo(dT) as template. The DNA polymerase isolated from the cells infected with a gene 2 temperature sensitive mutant (ts2) showed greater heat-lability than that induced by wild type phi 29. The ts2 DNA polymerase was also thermolabile for its activity in the formation of a covalent complex between phi 29 terminal protein and dAMP, the initiation step of phi 29 DNA replication. These findings indicate that gene 2 is the structural gene for a phi 29 DNA polymerase required for the complex formation step of DNA initiation.
Factors Controlling the Enhanced Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Nanodiamond-Reinforced Cross-Linked High Density Polyethylene (2014)

A systematic investigation of the factors influencing the notable enhancement of the mechanical and thermal properties of nanodiamonds (NDs)-reinforced cross-linked high density polyethylene (PEX) is presented in this work. The effects of crystal structure and molecular conformation as well as filler dispersion and adhesion with the matrix were found to govern the mechanical properties of the final composites. A considerable increase in the strength, toughness, and elastic modulus of the materials was found for the composites with filler content below 1 wt %. For higher NDs concentrations, the properties degraded. When filler concentration does not exceed 1 wt %, enhanced adhesion with the matrix is achieved, allowing a more successful load transfer between the filler and the matrix, thus enabling an effective reinforcement of the composites. The higher degree of crystallinity along with larger crystal size are also positively influencing the mechanical properties of PEX. Higher filler concentrations, on the other hand, lead to the formation of larger aggregates, which lead to lower adhesion with the matrix, while they also constitute stress concentrators and therefore reduce the positive reinforcement of the matrix. The thermal conductivity of the composites was also found to be significantly increased for low-filler concentrations. This enhancement was less significant for higher NDs concentrations. It is concluded that this reinforcement is due to the heat capacity increase that NDs incorporation causes in PEX. Additionally, a thermal stability enhancement was found for the composite with minimum filler content.
3D Printed Electromagnetic Transmission And Electronic Structures Fabricated On A Single Platform Using Advanced Process Integration Techniques (2014)

3D printing has garnered immense attention from many fields including in-office rapid prototyping of mechanical parts, outer-space satellite replication, garage functional firearm manufacture, and NASA rocket engine component fabrication. 3D printing allows increased design flexibility in the fabrication of electronics, microwave circuits and wireless antennas and has reached a level of maturity which allows functional parts to be printed. Much more work is necessary in order to perfect the processes of 3D printed electronics especially in the area of automation. Chapter 1 shows several finished prototypes of 3D printed electronics as well as newly developed techniques in fabrication. Little is known about the RF and microwave properties and applications of the standard materials which have been developed for 3D printing. Measurement of a wide variety of materials over a broad spectrum of frequencies up to 10 GHz using a variety of well-established measurement methods is performed throughout chapter 2. Several types of high frequency RF transmission lines are fabricated and valuable model-matched data is gathered and provided in chapter 3 for future designers' use. Of particular note is a fully 3D printed stripline which was automatically fabricated in one process on one machine. Some core advantages of 3D printing RF/microwave components include rapid manufacturing of complex, dimensionally sensitive circuits (such as antennas and filters which are often iteratively tuned) and the ability to create new devices that cannot be made using standard fabrication techniques. Chapter 4 describes an exemplary fully 3D printed curved inverted-F antenna.
Motion control of 7-DOF arms: the configuration control approach (1993)

Graphics simulation and real-time implementation of configuration control schemes for a redundant seven-degree-of-freedom (7-DOF) Robotics Research arm are described. The arm kinematics and motion control schemes are described briefly. This is followed by a description of a graphics simulation environment for 7-DOF arm control on the Silicon Graphics IRIS Workstation. Computer simulation results are presented to demonstrate elbow control, collision avoidance, and optimal joint movement as redundancy resolution goals. The laboratory setup for experimental validation of motion control of the 7-DOF Robotics Research arm is then described. The configuration control approach is implemented on a Motorola-68020/VME-bus-based real-time controller, with elbow positioning for redundancy resolution. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of configuration control for real-time control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural and Functional Analysis of Domains Mediating Interaction Between the <i>Bagpipe</i> Homologue, Nkx3.1 and Serum Response Factor (2008)

Nkx3.1 is a member of the NK2 class of homeodomain proteins and is expressed in development, being an early marker of the sclerotome and prostate gland. It has been shown to be a critical factor for prostate differentiation and function. Previous studies suggested that Nkx3.1 interacts with Serum Response Factor (SRF) to transactivate the Smooth Muscle gamma-Actin (SMGA) promoter. In studies presented here, we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional synergy of these factors upon SMGA transcription. We demonstrate that full length Nkx3.1 physically interacts with SRF in the absence of DNA and that these factors are able to co-associate in cellular context using a mammalian two-hybrid system. The segment of SRF responsible for Nkx3.1 interaction was mapped to a approximately 30 amino acid region (AAs 142-171) at the N-terminal segment of the MADS box. Two separate regions of Nkx3.1 were found to mediate interactions with SRF. Interestingly, recognized domains of NK2 proteins, namely the TN, homeodomain DNA binding segment, and the NK2-SD do not participate in SRF interactions. One of the Nkx3.1 SRF binding domains was mapped to the N-terminal of the protein consistent with recent studies of these proteins using NMR spectroscopy by Gelmann and colleagues (1). A second SRF binding region was mapped to amino acids C-terminal to the homeodomain. Structural predictions indicate that both of the SRF interacting segments are largely hydrophobic in character and beta-strand in structure. With co-transfection transcriptional analyses we found that interaction between SRF and Nkx3.1 as well as DNA binding by both factors was required for the observed transcriptional synergy. Thus our studies have identified novel protein-protein interacting domains within Nkx3.1 and SRF that operate in concert with their respective DNA binding domains to mediate functional transcriptional synergy of these factors to regulate SMGA gene activation.
The novel, chelating C, N-bidentate 2,6-bis(dimethylamino)phenyl ligand (R−), showing ambidentate N,N′-character in M(R)2 (M = Ge, Sn, Pb) and Sn(R)X [X = N(SiMe3)2, CH(SiMe3)2, Cl] (1997)

Treatment of MCl 2 or [Sn(µ-Cl){N(SiMe 3 ) 2 }] 2 with [Li(µ-R)] 3 [R = C 6 H 3 (NMe 2 ) 2 -2,6] under mild conditions and in appropriate stoichiometry affords MR 2 (M = Ge 1, Sn 2, Pb 3) or Sn(R)X [X = N(SiMe 3 ) 2 4, Cl 6], while 4 or 6 with LiCH(SiMe 3 ) 2 give SnR[CH(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 5; compounds 1–6 are characterised by their multinuclear NMR and MS spectra and 1–3 by X-ray crystal structures.
Analysis and design for RCD clamped snubber used in output rectifier of phase-shift full-bridge ZVS converters (1998)

Detailed analysis and parameter design for a resistor-capacitor-diode (RCD) clamped snubber used in the output rectifier of phase-shift full-bridge zero-voltage-switching (PS-FB-ZVS) power converters are presented. Design equations and some properties of the clamped circuit are also highlighted.
Crystal structure of 2-[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzylidene]-2,3- dihydroinden-1-one, C28H19NO (2011)

Article Crystal structure of 2-[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzylidene]-2,3- dihydroinden-1-one, C28H19NO was published on June 1, 2011 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 226, issue 2).
Interactive computer surface graphics approach to study of the active site of bovine trypsin (1978)

A descriptive medium for the presentation of protein structure has been developed and used to evaluate the structure of the active site of bovine trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4). This technique, involving advanced computer graphics technology, permits the facile display of a representation of the molecular surface of proteins of known structure and employs color to code the structural or chemical features of this surface. Benzamidine derivatives were inserted into the benzamidine-binding site of trypsin and the binary inhibitor-trypsin complex was evaluated by using the computer-generated structure. On the basis of qualitative assessments of the contribution of electrostatic and hydrophobic forces to the binding energy associated with complex formation, we made predictions concerning the effects of interaction of benzamidine substituents and amino acid side chains upon the binding energy associated with inhibitor-protein binding. The computer display of the molecular surfaces of the binary complex of substituted benzamidines and trypsin permitted unique insight into the identity and chemical properties of the atoms that participate at the interface of the molecular surfaces of the inhibitor and the protein. The computer-generated molecular surface display can potentially be combined with quantitative definition of the physical forces involved in the interaction of molecular surfaces. This technology should facilitate the study of the structure-activity relationship of substrates, inhibitors, and drugs that bind to proteins of known three-dimensional structure.
Development of Inhibitors of the Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Signaling Pathway (2018)

The clinical success of inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has made this an active field in cancer immunotherapy. Currently, most drugs targeting this pathway are monoclonal antibodies. Small-molecule inhibitors as the alternative to monoclonal antibodies are expected to overcome the disadvantages of mAbs which include production difficulties and their long half-life. Recently, progress has been reported on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 small-molecule inhibitors. In this paper, we review the development of inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, focusing mainly on peptide-based and nonpeptidic small-molecule inhibitors. The structures and the preclinical and clinical studies of several peptide-based small-molecule candidate compounds in clinical trials are discussed. We also illustrate the design strategies underlying reported nonpeptidic small-molecule inhibitors and provide insight into possible future exploration. Development of small-molecule drugs for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 activity with specific cancer applications is a promising and challenging prospect.
Diseases of social and mental health: are we concerned? (1970)

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v5i1.9851 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2011; 5(1): i-ii
Review: <i>Laboratory Manual in General Biology</i>, by Lorus J. Milne and Margery Milne (1961)

Book Review| January 01 1961 Review: Laboratory Manual in General Biology, by Lorus J. Milne and Margery Milne Laboratory Manual in General BiologyLorus J. MilneMargery Milne P. K. P. K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1961) 23 (1): 46. https://doi.org/10.2307/4439469 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. K.; Review: Laboratory Manual in General Biology, by Lorus J. Milne and Margery Milne. The American Biology Teacher 1 January 1961; 23 (1): 46. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4439469 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics with Large Dielectric and Piezoelectric Constants Manufactured from BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nano-Powder (2007)

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) ceramics with a density of more than 98% of the theoretical value were fabricated by two-step sintering method from hydrothermally synthesized BaTiO3 nano-particles of 100 nm. The average grain size was around 1.6 µm and the biggest one was controlled less than 3 µm. Dielectric constant εr33T of the poled samples was 5000 and electromechanical coupling factor kp was 42%. Large piezoelectric constants d33 = 460 pC/N and d31 = -185 pC/N were measured by a d33-meter and the resonance–antiresonance method, respectively. A high Poisson's ratio σ= 0.38 was determined from the ratio of overtone frequency and resonant frequency in the planar mode. The high Poisson's ratio and the large dielectric constants are most likely the origin of the high d33 of the ceramics. The discovery of high d33 in non-lead-based BaTiO3 ceramics with low cost process has important practical consequences in addition to scientific interest.
Effects of chronic growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor 1 deficiency on osteoarthritis severity in rat knee joints (2006)

These results indicate that chronic GH/IGF-1 deficiency causes an increased severity of articular cartilage lesions of OA without the bony lesions normally seen in this disease.
Aqueous powder slurry manufacture of continuous fiber reinforced polyethylene composite (1997)

Abstract A model and experiment of an aqueous slurry process are reported. According to an ideal structure of a fiber‐reinforced composite, we present a square geometrical model to build up the relationships among some important parameters in the process such as power particle diameter, wet slurry concentration, flow distance of melting power particle, and fiber volume fraction of the composite. Practical experiments based on these relationships provide the optimum parameters for manufacturing the continuous fiber reinforced polyethylene matrix composite.
Identification of the Human YVH1 Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase Orthologue Reveals a Novel Zinc Binding Domain Essential for in Vivo Function (1999)

A human orthologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae YVH1 protein-tyrosine phosphatase is able to rescue the slow growth defect caused by the disruption of the S. cerevisiae YVH1 gene. The human YVH1 gene is located on chromosome 1q21-q22, which falls in a region amplified in human liposarcomas. The evolutionary conserved COOH-terminal noncatalytic domain of human YVH1 is essential for in vivo function. The cysteine-rich COOH-terminal domain is capable of coordinating 2 mol of zinc/mol of protein, defining it as a novel zinc finger domain. Human YVH1 is the first protein-tyrosine phosphatase that contains and is regulated by a zinc finger domain.
Direct, Label-Free, and Rapid Transistor-Based Immunodetection in Whole Serum (2017)

Transistor-based biosensors fulfill many requirements posed upon transducers for future point-of-care diagnostic devices such as scalable fabrication and label-free and real-time quantification of chemical and biological species with high sensitivity. However, the short Debye screening length in physiological samples (<1 nm) has been a major drawback so far, preventing direct measurements in serum. In this work, we demonstrate how tailoring the sensing surface with short specific biological receptors and a polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) can strongly enhance the sensor response. In addition, the sensor performance can be dramatically improved if the measurements are performed at elevated temperatures (37 °C instead of 21 °C). With this novel approach, highly sensitive and selective detection of a representative immunosensing parameter-human thyroid-stimulating hormone-is shown over a wide measuring range with subpicomolar detection limits in whole serum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of direct immunodetection in whole serum using transistor-based biosensors, without the need for sample pretreatment, labeling, or washing steps. The presented sensor is low-cost, can be easily integrated into portable diagnostics devices, and offers a competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art central laboratory analyzers.
Fast neutron (14.5 MeV) radiography: a comparative study (1996)

Fast neutron (14.5 MeV) radiography is a type of non-destructive analysis tool that offers its own benefits and drawbacks. Because cross-sections vary with energy, a different range of materials can be examined with fast neutrons than can be studied with thermal neutrons, epithermal neutrons, or x-rays. This paper details these differences through a comparative study of fast neutron radiography to the other types of radiography available. The most obvious difference among the different types of radiography is in the penetrability of the sources. Fast neutrons can probe much deeper and can therefore obtain details of the internals of thick objects. Good images have been obtained through as much as 15 cm of steel, 10 cm of water, and 15 cm of borated polyethylene. In addition, some objects were identifiable through as much as 25 cm of water or 30 cm of borated polyethylene. The most notable benefit of fast neutron radiography is in the types of materials that can be tested. Fast neutron radiography can view through materials that simply cannot be viewed by X rays, thermal neutrons, or epithermal neutrons due to the high cross-sections or linear attenuation coefficients involved. Cadmium was totally transparent to the fast neutron source. Fast neutron radiography is not without drawbacks. The most pronounced drawback has been in the quality of radiograph produced. The image resolution is only about 0.8 mm for a 1.25 cm thick object, whereas, other forms of radiography have much better resolution.
The auto-tuning PID controller using the parameter estimation (2003)

This paper suggests an improved PID control algorithm, which could adjust the control gains automatically. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) which based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) is used for the estimation of an unknown or a time-varying parameter: The EKF is being used as an observer and the control gains are tuned through it. A controller using the EKF has the advantages that the EKF works as an observer and noise filter concurrently The performance of a proposed control algorithm is verified through the simulation and experiment with a servo motor system. The suggested controller will be useful in tracking control of a system with time-varying or unknown parameters.
<i>Clostridium difficile</i>–Associated Diarrhea (1998)

patients with C. difficile infection
Potential biomarkers of bortezomib activity in mantle cell lymphoma from the phase 2 PINNACLE trial (2010)

Immunohistochemical analyses of archival tumor specimens were used for pre-planned exploratory analyses of protocol-specified candidate biomarkers of bortezomib activity in 73 patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma in the phase 2 PINNACLE study. Consistent with other studies, elevated Ki-67 was a marker of poor prognosis, demonstrating significant associations with shorter time to progression and overall survival. Elevated NF-kappaB p65 and low PSMA5 expression demonstrated a trend for better response and were significantly associated with longer time to progression; elevated NF-kappaB p65 demonstrated a trend toward longer overall survival. This is consistent with myeloma clinical genomics research, suggesting biomarker relevance across tumor types. Elevated p27 was significantly associated with longer overall survival. Overall survival analyses by International Prognostic Index and Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index confirmed differential prognosis by both scores. These biomarkers data begin to illuminate bortezomib's mechanism of action in lymphoma.
High sensitivity image sensor overlaid with thin-film crystalline-selenium-based heterojunction photodiode (2014)

We have developed a stacked image sensor based on a thin-film crystalline selenium (c-Se) heterojunction photodiode. Uniform c-Se-based photodiodes laminated on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor circuits were fabricated by tellurium-diffused crystallization. We herein present the first high-resolution images obtained with such a device. Furthermore, the dark current was significantly decreased by using an n-type wide-band-gap gallium oxide (Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ) layer with a high hole-injection barrier.
Enhancement-Mode Insulating-Gate AlInN/AlN/GaN Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors with Threshold Voltage in Excess of +1.5 V (2011)

This letter presents the dc characteristics of normally Off AlInN/AlN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors (MOS-HFETs). The devices were fabricated using a recessed gate and SiON dielectric layers for gate isolation. For a device with a 1.5 µm gate length and an 8-µm-long channel, the threshold voltage was above +1.5 V and a maximum drain current density of 0.7 A/mm was reached under 6 V gate bias. These enhancement-mode MOS-HFETs have an excellent potential for power electronics applications.
"FaceLight" (2012)

Driving a modern vehicle is a complex, cognitive demanding task involving concentrated observation of the road, roadside, car status, information displays of assistance systems, etc. Drivers are conscious about this overabundance of information, nevertheless, they are operating tertiary controls, talking on the phone, smoking cigarettes, having lunch, reading maps or meeting agendas, or working on their computer. As a consequence -- caused by visual/manual/cognitive demand and limited multitasking capabilities-- precarious driving situations are created. Solutions are rare but badly needed to prevent imminent danger on the roads. To explore the potential of thermal imaging to infer mental conditions of the driver in an unobtrusive manner, and to use this information to automatically react to a detected risky state, we have developed the "FaceLight" prototype and performed a lab-based driving simulator study to evaluate the interface under conditions of varying workload. With "FaceLight" the driver can be interpreted as sort of signal light, with a 'red face' (hot surface temperature) standing for high stress or cognitive demand while a 'green face' (cooler temperature) equals to a more relaxed, stress-free mental state. Initial results have revealed that this technology has potential to capture shifts in the mental state of an individual in an inattentive manner, but highlighted also that a lot of influencing factors still need to be incorporated to reliably recognize a specific state solely based on facial skin temperature.