gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Tuberculosis in the United States among HIV-Infected Persons (1997)

Incidence of tuberculosis was higher in the eastern United States, in patients with CD4 counts of less than 200 cells/mm3, and in PPD-positive patients. Analysis of tuberculin reaction size supports the current interpretive criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nonreactivity to mumps antigen indicated increased risk for tuberculosis independent of PPD response.
Electrosprayed superhydrophobic PTFE: a non-contaminating surface (2007)

This paper reports on the exposure of superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE) coatings to common aqueous solutions which are used in biology, biotechnology and chemical sensor applications. Advancing contact angles as high as 173 degrees for aqueous solutions were measured on the PTFE surface. Water drop sliding angles at 2 degrees show a very low contact angle hysteresis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirm that aqueous solutions can move or stay on the superhydrophobic surface without contamination. Owing to the chemical inertness of the polymer, these results indicate that superhydrophobic PTFE can be used in lab-on-a-chip and multi-sensor devices as well as in biological cultures, where aqueous solutions meet solid surfaces, without contaminating the interface.
Antitumor Activity of 5-Aryl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolines (1995)

A series of 5-aryl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolines previously reported to be platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonists were evaluated for potential antitumor activity. Several compounds, such as the 5-(4'-tert-butylphenyl) (65), 5-[4'-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl] (69), and 5-(4'-cyclohexylphenyl) (71) analogs showed very good cytotoxicity against several tumor cell lines. 5-[4'-(Piperidinomethyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1- a]isoquinoline (SDZ 62-434, 53) was more effective on a milligram per kilogram basis than the clinical cytostatic agent edelfosine (1) in increasing survivors and decreasing tumor volume in the oral mouse Meth A fibrosarcoma assay. It was selected for further development and is currently in phase I clinical trials in cancer patients.
Thermolabile methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: an inherited risk factor for coronary artery disease. (1991)

Severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency with less than 2% of normal enzyme activity is characterized by neurological abnormalities, atherosclerotic changes, and thromboembolism. We have discovered a "new" variant of MTHFR deficiency which is characterized by the absence of neurological abnormalities, an enzyme activity of about 50% of the normal value, and distinctive thermolability under specific conditions of heat inactivation. In this study, lymphocyte MTHFR specific activities in the thermolabile variant and control groups were 5.58 +/- 0.91 and 10.33 +/- 2.89 nmol formaldehyde formed/mg protein/h, respectively. The difference was significant (P less than .01). However, there was overlap among the individual values from the two groups. On the other hand, residual MTHFR activity after heat inactivation was 11.2 +/- 1.43% in the thermolabile variant and 36.3 +/- 5.18% in the controls. There was no overlap. Enzyme studies in 10 subjects with thermolabile MTHFR and their family members support the hypothesis that thermolabile MTHFR is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. To elucidate the association of thermolabile MTHFR with the development of coronary artery disease, we determined the thermostability of lymphocyte MTHFR in 212 patients with proven coronary artery disease and in 202 controls without clinical evidence of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Thermolabile MTHFR was found in 36 (17.0%) cardiac patients and 10 (5.0%) controls. The difference in incidence between the two groups was statistically significant (P less than .01). The average age at onset of clinical coronary artery disease in 36 patients with thermolabile MTHFR was 57.3 +/- 7.6 years (35-72 years). The mean total plasma homocysteine concentration in patients with thermolabile MTHFR was 13.19 +/- 5.32 nmol/ml and was significantly different from the normal mean of 8.50 +/- 2.80 nmol/ml (P less than .05). There was no association between thermolabile MTHFR and other major risk factors. We conclude that thermolabile MTHFR is a variant(s) of MTHFR deficiency which is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. In addition, it is positively associated with the development of coronary artery disease. Determination of in vitro thermostability of lymphocyte MTHFR is a reliable method for identifying subjects with this abnormality.
On the Prediction of the Enantioselectivity of<i>Candida rugosa</i>Lipase by Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (1994)

Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was used to derive a quantitative substrate model for the enzymatic resolution of norbornanol esters by the lipase of Candida rugosa. Within these calculations, the steric and electrostatic interactions of both enantiomers and the differences in the corresponding two fields were used for the correlation of the substrate structure with the enantioselectivity of the hydrolysis. Different alignments of the molecules were used to improve the model.
Mesenchyme-induced changes in the neoplastic characteristics of the Dunning prostatic adenocarcinoma. (1991)

To investigate the possibility that mesenchyme can alter the neoplastic properties of an established carcinoma, small (0.5-mm cubes) pieces of the Dunning prostatic adenocarcinoma (DT) were grown in association with seminal vesicle mesenchyme (SVM) for 1 mo. Differentiated DT epithelial cells harvested from the resultant tissue recombinants (1 degree SVM + DT) were recombined with fresh SVM to generate 2 degrees SVM + DT recombinants which were grafted to secondary male hosts. After 3 additional mo of in vivo growth, grafts of (a) 2 degrees SVM + DT recombinants, (b) DT epithelial cells derived from 1 degree SVM + DT recombinants, or (c) DT by itself were examined for growth rate and tumorigenicity. Grafts of DT by itself formed large tumorous masses that completely overgrew the host's kidney, while 2 degrees SVM + DT recombinants and differentiated DT epithelial cells from 1 degree SVM + DT recombinants exhibited only modest growth during a 3-mo period. The loss of tumorigenicity was associated with a striking reduction in [3H]thymidine labeling index in epithelial cells of 2 degrees SVM + DT recombinants. DT grafted by itself maintained its typical histopathological characteristics containing small ducts lined with undifferentiated squamous to cuboidal epithelial cells. Grafts of 2 degrees SVM + DT recombinants contained large ducts lined by epithelial cells exhibiting three different patterns of histodifferentiation: (a) basophilic tall columnar epithelial cells with a clear supranuclear cytoplasm and basally located oval nuclei; (b) a heterogeneous epithelium containing large clear cells with pale cytoplasm interspersed among dark staining tall columnar epithelial cells; and (c) undifferentiated squamous to cuboidal epithelial cells. The first two epithelial types were the predominant cell types. Grafts of differentiated DT epithelial cells derived from 1 degree SVM + DT recombinants formed medium-sized ducts lined with cuboidal to low columnar epithelial cells. These results demonstrate a continued responsiveness of carcinoma cells to mesenchymal inductors which can induce secretory cytodifferentiation and elicit a reduction in growth rate and loss of tumorigenesis.
Quasiparticle Dynamics in the Vicinity of Metal-Insulator Phase Transition in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Na</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>CoO</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2006)

Layered cobaltates embody novel realizations of correlated matter on a spin-1/2 triangular lattice. We report a high-resolution systematic photoemission study of the insulating cobaltates. The observation of a single-particle gap opening and band folding provides direct evidence of anisotropic particle-hole instability on the Fermi surface due to its unique topology. Overlap of the measured Fermi surface is observed with the square root 3xsquare root 3 charge-order Brillouin zone near x=1/3 but not at x=1/2 where the insulating transition is actually observed. Unlike conventional density waves, charge stripes, or band insulators, the onset of the gap depends on the quasiparticle's quantum coherence which is found to occur well below the disorder-order symmetry breaking temperature of the crystal (the first known example of its kind).
A High Power Asymmetric Doherty Amplifier with Improved Linear Dynamic Range (2006)

An asymmetric high power extended Doherty amplifier, which has the extended peak efficiency over a 9-dB of output power and a linear dynamic range is presented in this paper. The power amplifier is designed by using two different LDMOS FET's for W-CDMA base station applications. To realize the peak efficiency extension and a linear dynamic range, a two times larger peaking device compared to the main device, and an unequal power divider is used. This asymmetric Doherty amplifier obtained a measured P1dB of 49.8 dBm. An efficiency of 31.1 % and an ACLR of -35 dBc are achieved at 9 dB back-off point, respectively
The evaluation of low dose pre-operative X-ray therapy in the management of operable rectal cancer; results of a randomly controlled trial (1984)

824 patients with operable rectal carcinoma were randomly allocated to be treated by surgery alone, 2000 rad in 10 daily fractions and 500 rad as a single fraction. No difference has been demonstrated in the actuarial survival rates to 5 years. The local recurrence-free and metastasis-free rates are similar in all groups. There is also no evidence that the pre-operative radiotherapy benefited patients in subgroups by Dukes' stage. The complication rates were also similar in the three treatment groups.
<sup>8</sup>S paramagnetic centres in molecular assemblies: possible effect of their proximity on the water proton relaxivity (2003)

Abstract EPR spectra of gadolinium chelates were recorded showing electron spin relaxation enhancement due to intramolecular Gd(III)–Gd(III) interaction. This enhancement was separated from other relaxation processes by replacing successively Gd(III) by the very similar Y(III). X‐band EPR line widths of the binuclear complex Gd 2 (OHEC) 2− increase by a factor of 1.2 to 1.8 with respect to YGd(OHEC) 2− . Electron spin relaxation of Gd(III) bound on the surface of micelles formed by gadofluorine 8 increases linearly with the mole fraction of Gd(III) versus Y(III). It has been shown that the increase in electron spin relaxation due to Gd–Gd interactions decreases 1 H relaxivity measured on surrounding water protons. In the case of gadolinium‐based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents this effect can limit maximum relaxivity achieved by optimizing rotational tumbling and water exchange process. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclin D1 gene amplification and overexpression are present in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (1999)

Cyclin D1 (CCND1) amplification is found in 10–15 per cent of invasive breast carcinomas, but it is not well established whether this gene alteration also occurs in the precursor of invasive breast carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). By Southern blot analysis, cyclin D1 gene amplification was detected in 10 per cent (3/32) of DCIS cases. In addition, 15 cases of DCIS were analysed using bright field in situ hybridization (BRISH), of which 11 had already been analysed by Southern blotting. One additional case with gene amplification was found by BRISH. The use of BRISH for the detection of gene amplification is shown to be a novel and reliable in situ method on paraffin-embedded tissue sections. By immunohistochemistry, 147 cases of DCIS were analysed for the expression of cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 overexpression was found in 9 per cent of well-differentiated, 29 per cent of intermediately differentiated, and 19 per cent of poorly differentiated DCIS. No statistically significant association was found between cyclin D1 overexpression and the differentiation grade of DCIS, although 90 per cent of the cases that show overexpression are classified as intermediately and poorly differentiated. An association was found between cyclin D1 overexpression and oestrogen receptor positivity. Cyclin D1 overexpression was found in all four cases with cyclin D1 gene amplification, but was also found in 30 per cent (8/27) of cases without detectable gene amplification. It is concluded that cyclin D1 gene amplification is an early event in the development of breast carcinoma and occurs in poorly differentiated DCIS. Cyclin D1 protein overexpression is also present in tumours without cyclin D1 gene amplification and is seen predominantly in DCIS of intermediately and poorly differentiated histological type and oestrogen receptor positivity. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of multiband antennas for the integration in mobile phones with optimized SAR (2004)

In this paper, the design of a tripleband antenna for the space efficient integration into mobile phones is presented. The antenna is matched to operate at GSM900/GSM1800/GSM1900 standards. In order to minimize the SAR value (specific absorption rate), mainly in the GSM900 frequency range, the current distribution on the casing of the mobile is split by additional metal strips. The investigations are based on numerical simulations using the FDTD (finite difference time domain) field solver EMPIRET/spl trade/ by IMST.
Model driven design in industrial automation (2009)

Current industrial applications demand the design of more and more complex, safe and trustworthy control systems which exhibit a high degree of flexibility and reutilization. To achieve this, the engineering process has to be improved through the integration of the tools involved in the development process. To achieve this goal the definition of Markup Languages for factory automation has been proposed at different layers of the engineering process. They allow defining the application from different points of view. Each point of view uses a particular syntax and semantics. Applications are defined by means of a set of view models as well as their relationships. This paper proposes a further step as the mechanisms needed for exchanging information among models are analyzed. They are used in the design of a model collaboration prototype for distributed industrial control systems.
Structural features of bovine caseinomacropeptide A and B by <sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2002)

Samples of bovine caseinomacropeptide (CMP) were isolated from kappa-casein A and kappa-casein B and fractionated to give aglycosylated CMP A and CMP B and monoglycosylated CMP A. The secondary structures of these three peptides were compared under neutral and acidic (pH 4.2) conditions, using two-dimensional (2D) 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The differences between the spectra at pH 4.2 and 7.0 and the spectra of the aglycosylated and glycosylated CMP A were subtle, indicating little change in backbone conformation with these changes. These results Suggest that differences in the coagulation properties of milks containing either kappa-casein A or kappa-casein B are more likely to be related to factors, such as micelle size or charge, than to structural differences arising from altered backbone conformation of the macropeptide segments of the kappa-caseins.
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 regulates dNTP pool and promotes homologous recombination repair in cancer cells (2017)

Glycolytic enzymes are known to play pivotal roles in cancer cell survival, yet their molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is an important glycolytic enzyme that coordinates glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and serine biosynthesis in cancer cells. Herein, we report that PGAM1 is required for homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by DNA-damaging agents. Mechanistically, PGAM1 facilitates DSB end resection by regulating the stability of CTBP-interacting protein (CtIP). Knockdown of PGAM1 in cancer cells accelerates CtIP degradation through deprivation of the intracellular deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate pool and associated activation of the p53/p73 pathway. Enzymatic inhibition of PGAM1 decreases CtIP protein levels, impairs HR repair, and hence sensitizes BRCA1/2-proficient breast cancer to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Together, this study identifies a metabolically dependent function of PGAM1 in promoting HR repair and reveals a potential therapeutic opportunity for PGAM1 inhibitors in combination with PARP inhibitors.
Deploying speech interfaces to the masses (2013)

Speech systems are typically deployed either over phones, e.g. IVR agents, or on embodied agents, e.g. domestic robots. Most of these systems are limited to a particular platform i.e., only accessible by phone or in situated interactions. This limits scalability and potential domain of operation. Our goal is to make speech interfaces more widely available, and we are proposing a new approach for deploying such interfaces on the internet along with traditional platforms. In this work, we describe a lightweight speech interface architecture built on top of Freeswitch, an open source softswitch platform. A softswitch enables us to provide users with access over several types of channels (phone, VOIP, etc.) as well as support multiple users at the same time. We demonstrate two dialog applications developed using this approach: 1) Virtual Chauffeur: a voice based virtual driving experience and 2) Talkie: a speech-based chat bot.
Two‐Layer Planarization Process (1986)

A two‐layer planarization (TLP) process has been developed to solve the profile variation problems encountered in conventional planarization. All the topographic features are smoothed down regardless of their size and spacing. The TLP process involves first, a positive photoresist layer spun onto the substrate and exposed through a negative of the mask of the pattern. After development and cure, a second layer is spun on in order to flatten the residual undulations. The final result is a completely flat surface.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATING NUCLEOSIDES. 1. SYNTHESIS AND CYTOSTATIC ACTIVITY OF N‐GLYCOSYL(HALOMETHYL)‐1,2,3‐TRIAZOLES. A NEW TYPE OF ALKYLATING AGENT (1979)

Abstract Die Triazole (I)‐(VII) werden dargestellt, von denen die Brommethyl‐, Chlormethyl‐ und Iodmethylderivate in vitro das Wachstum von HeLa‐Zellen inhibieren.
Network security mechanisms utilising network address translation (2006)

A new protocol technology is just starting to emerge from the laboratory environment. Its stated purpose is to provide a means whereby networks, and the services that reside on them, can be protected from adversarial compromise. This protocol called Dynamic Network Address Translation (Dynat) is designed to protect computer networks against cyber attacks. Briefly, Dynat changes network parameters, such as the IP address and port numbers, between communication sessions and even during sessions. As a result, an adversary cannot associate activity on a given port of a given IP address with an application on a particular computer, thereby presenting a significant barrier to network attacks. This paper identifies the major components or attributes that are associated with the Dynat protocol and describes some of the potential implementations and associated network architectures that can deploy Dynat. It examines inter-operability issues associated with Dynat's interaction with other network protocols along with its impact on standard security implementations, such as IPSec and Intrusion Detection Systems.
Fluorocarbon materials produced by the thermo destruction of polytetrafluoroethylene and possibility of theirs application in Li/(CFx)n batteries (2012)

A few fluorocarbon compounds (CFx)n were produced by the original thermo-gas-dynamic destruction (TD) of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at the high temperatures 530 and 550 °C. The chemical composition, electrochemical and morphological properties of such materials were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) and compared to commercial fluorinated petroleum coke (CF1)n. The possibility of the application of the new obtained compounds as the cathode materials in primary lithium batteries was estimated. The differences of the investigated samples properties, which observed during electrochemical tests, are discussed.
Reversible Conversion of Lysine Monooxygenase to an Oxidase by Modification of Sulfhydryl Groups (1973)

Abstract Native lysine monooxygenase catalyzes the oxygenative decarboxylation of lysine or arginine and produces the corresponding acid amide. When the enzyme was pretreated with various sulfhydryl blocking reagents, the oxygenation of lysine or arginine was greatly reduced. Instead, the modified enzyme catalyzed the oxidative deamination of these amino acids producing α-keto acids and hydrogen peroxide in almost stoichiometric amounts. For example, when the enzyme was preincubated with 8 moles of p-chloromercuribenzoate per mole of enzyme protein, approximately 60% of the reaction products from lysine were α-keto-e-aminocaproate and the remainder was δ-amino-n-valeramide. With arginine approximately 75% of the reaction products were identified as α-keto-δ-guanidinovalerate. Upon the addition of dithiothreitol to the p-chloromercuribenzoate-treated enzyme, the oxidase activity disappeared and 81 to 96% of the original oxygenase activity was restored. These results indicate the reversible conversion of an oxygenase to an oxidase by the modification of sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme protein.
Fatal anaphylactoid response to protamine after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (1992)

A generalized skin erythema and severe hypotension developed following administration of protamine for the reversal of heparin anticoagulation after an unsuccessful attempt at percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in a patient who had never been exposed to protamines before. Evidence of classical pathway complement activation was present indicating that this reaction could have been triggered by a non-immunological mechanism. The patient could not adequately be resuscitated because of the presence of severe coronary artery disease.
Inhibition of Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Promotes Dendritic Cell Activation and Enhances Therapeutic Autologous Vaccination in Mice (2012)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent inducers of T cell immunity, and autologous DC vaccination holds promise for the treatment of cancers and chronic infectious diseases. In practice, however, therapeutic vaccines of this type have had mixed success. In this article, we show that brief exposure to inhibitors of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in DCs during the period that they are responding to TLR agonists makes them particularly potent activators of naive CD8+ T cells and able to enhance control of B16 melanoma in a therapeutic autologous vaccination model in the mouse. The improved performance of DCs in which mTOR has been inhibited is correlated with an extended life span after activation and prolonged, increased expression of costimulatory molecules. Therapeutic autologous vaccination with DCs treated with TLR agonists plus the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin results in improved generation of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells in vivo and improved antitumor immunity compared with that observed with DCs treated with TLR agonists alone. These findings define mTOR as a molecular target for augmenting DC survival and activation, and document a novel pharmacologic approach for enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic autologous DC vaccination.