gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Genotype as a Determinant of Survival in Women with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. (2007)

Abstract Survival of CLL cells requires sustained activation of the anti-apoptotic PI-3-kinase/Akt pathway, and many therapies for CLL cause leukemia cell death by triggering apoptosis. Blood lipoprotein particles are either pro- or anti-apoptotic. High density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are anti-apoptotic through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1P3)-mediated activation of the PI-3-K/Akt pathway. We have noted that apoE4-very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) (but not apoE2- or apoE3-VLDL) particles increase apoptosis of endothelial cells by recruiting the phosphoinositol phosphatase SHIP-2 to the plasma membrane, thereby directly inhibiting the anti-apoptotic activity of HDL (DeKroon R, et al., Circ Res99:829–836, 2006). Since apoE4-VLDL increases apoptosis of certain cells, and since increased leukemia cell apoptosis favors longer survival in CLL, we hypothesized that APOE4 genotype would beneficially influence the clinical course of CLL. Of the 193 CLL patients (50 women and 133 men) studied, 29% had an APOE4 genotype. In the entire group, survival of men and women was not statistically different. However, women (but not men) with an APOE4 genotype had markedly longer survival than non-APOE4 patients (median >25 yr vs. 14.0 yr; p = 0.02) (Figure). Figure Figure Men and women had the same time-to-treatment (treatment-free survival) irrespective of APOE genotype. VLDL is metabolized to LDL by the actions of LPL. Patients had shorter survival and time-to-treatment if their CLL cell lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA levels were high (p = 0.002). In analyzing APOE genotype and LPL levels in the same patients, we demonstrated that APOE4 was a more important determinant of survival than was the LPL level (p = 0.0007). The beneficial effect of APOE4 in CLL survival is likely mediated through allele-specific influences of APOE4 on serum lipoproteins increasing leukemia cell apoptosis. The frequency of the APOE alleles in the CLL patient population was not significantly different than that of a control population (16 and 13%, respectively). APOE genotype therefore does not appear to affect susceptibility to CLL, but influences the clinical course of disease, particularly after therapy is initiated. In contrast, APOE genotype does influence susceptibility to other diseases, most notably Alzheimer’s disease in which APOE4 markedly increases risk. The beneficial impact of APOE4 in CLL and its deleterious impact on Alzheimer’s disease expression may relate to a common mechanism of APOE4 in enhancing apoptotic cell death. APOE genotyping of patients with CLL may provide important clinical prognostic information, particularly in women. Most importantly, the allele-specific influence of APOE on disease progression may provide important new insights into the mechanisms of disease and response to therapy, and lead to new agents for treatment.
A new Maxwellian view display for trouble‐free accommodation (2012)

Abstract We studied a new display system that realizes a Maxwellian view. The system is composed of a base display and a fly‐eye lens with micro‐pinholes. This forms ray intersecting points of diameter of 0.8 mm at a viewing distance of 280 mm. It was confirmed that the new display system can extend the depth of field of the human eye system, where the observer sets the ray intersecting point at his pupil.
Telematics Services and Their Prospects for the Future (2003)

OVERVIEW: The market for telematics services, which has been a promising market for the ITS (intelligent transport systems) industry, has begun a fullscale expansion. In addition to the increased popularity of cell phones and navigation terminals, which are the windows for telematics services, automobile manufacturers have begun to grapple with telematics in a serious way as a means of maintaining a continuous point of contact with the user. Hitachi, Ltd., as a general manufacturer of information systems that integrate car navigation, automobile equipment, telecommunication and computers, is promoting the offering of a telematics solution. The first phase has been the world’s first commercial introduction of the driving route assistance service as an application for Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.’s integrated telematics service introduced in 2002. That service distributes digital maps and information on routes and facilities up to the destination point, mainly through Xanavi Informatics Corporation. The service came installed in several series of new automobiles announced by Nissan in 2002. Michio Morioka Yoshinori Endo Teruyuki Ishida
Transcriptional co-regulation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol acetyltransferase gene,ATF1 and Δ-9 fatty acid desaturase gene,OLE1 by unsaturated fatty acids (1998)

The ATF1 gene encodes an alcohol acetyl transferase which catalyzes the synthesis of acetate esters from acetyl CoA and several kinds of alcohols. ATF1 expression is repressed by unsaturated fatty acids or oxygen. Analysis using ATF1-lacZ fusion plasmid revealed that ATF1 gene expression is widely repressed by a variety of unsaturated fatty acids, and the degree of ATF1 transcriptional repression varies according to the structure of the unsaturated fatty acids. Interestingly, it was noted that the degree of ATF1 transcriptional repression was related to the melting point of unsaturated fatty acids added to the medium. The OLE1 gene, which encodes delta-9 fatty acid desaturase, has been reported to be repressed by unsaturated fatty acids. Transcription of OLE1 was also repressed by a wide variety of unsaturated fatty acids under anaerobic conditions. The degree of transcriptional repression of OLE1 was also related to the melting point of the added unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, it is considered that ATF1 and OLE1 transcription are regulated in response to cell membrane fluidity. As has been reported for OLE1, the repression of ATF1 by unsaturated fatty acids was relieved in a disruptant carrying a faa1 and faa4 double mutation, two fatty acid activation genes. However, the ATF1 transcript in this double gene disruptant was repressed by oxygen. These results suggested that ATF1 transcription was co-regulated by the same mechanism as the OLE1 gene and that unsaturated fatty acids and oxygen repressed the ATF1 transcript by a different regulation pathway.
Multiple mechanisms mediate enhanced immunity generated by mAb‐inactivated <i>F. tularensis</i> immunogen (2012)

We have previously demonstrated that immunization with the inactivated Francisella tularensis, a Category A intracellular mucosal pathogen, combined with IgG2a anti-F. tularensis monoclonal antibody (Ab), enhances protection against subsequent F. tularensis challenge. To understand the mechanism(s) involved, we examined the binding, internalization, presentation, and in vivo trafficking of inactivated F. tularensis in the presence and absence of opsonizing monoclonal Ab. We found that when inactivated F. tularensis is combined with anti-F. tularensis monoclonal Ab, presentation to F. tularensis-specific T cells is enhanced. This enhancement is Fc receptor (FcR)-dependent, and requires a physical linkage between the monoclonal Ab and the inactivated F. tularensis immunogen. This enhanced presentation is due, in part, to enhanced binding and internalization of inactivated F. tularensis by antigen(Ag)-presenting cells, and involves interactions with multiple FcR types. Furthermore, targeting inactivated F. tularensis to FcRs enhances dendritic cell maturation and extends the time period over which Ag-presenting cells stimulate T cells. In vivo trafficking studies reveal enhanced transport of inactivated F. tularensis immunogen to the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue in the presence of monoclonal Ab, which is FcRn-dependent. In summary, these are the first comprehensive studies using a single-vaccine protection model/immunogen to establish the array of mechanisms involved in enhanced immunity/protection mediated by an FcR-targeted mucosal immunogen. These results demonstrate that multiple cellular/immune mechanisms contribute to FcR-enhanced immunity.
Radio Resource Management (2010)

Radio resource management (RRM) algorithms are responsible for efficient utilization of the air interface resources. RRM is needed to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS), to maintain the planned coverage area, and to offer high capacity. This chapter describes the WCDMA power control. Then, it presents Handovers. Handovers are needed in cellular systems to handle the mobility of the UEs across cell boundaries. In third generation networks other RRM algorithms-such as admission control, load control and packet scheduling-are required to guarantee the quality of service and to maximize the system throughput with a mix of different bit rates, services and quality requirements. The chapter presents admission control and load control. It covers a few important aspects of WCDMA power control. Controlled Vocabulary Terms handover; multiaccess communication; power control; quality of service
Industrial Applications of Kaolin (1961)

Abstract Kaolins are used in a multiplicity of industries because of unique physical and chemical properties. Shape, particle size, color, softness, and non-abrasiveness are physical properties that are especially important. Chemical properties, such as comparatively low base exchange capacity, as well as other chemical properties of the kaolin surface, and relative insolubility, are governing in many uses. In 1960, well over 2,000,000 tons of kaolin was used in the United States, more than one-half of which was consumed by the paper industry. The relationships between physical and chemical properties are discussed in the application of kaolin to paper, rubber, ceramics, plastics, ink, catalysis, insecticides, and numerous other uses. A few new uses of kaolin are discussed along with a short gaze into a crystal ball to see what the future may hold for that useful mineral, kaolin.
The multivariable Servomechanism problem from the Input-Output Viewpoint (1977)

The control system considered consists of a plant or actuator controlled by a compensator processing the error between a reference command input and the plant output. The plant and compensator are modeled in input-output form by linear convolution equations. Closed-loop stability and tracking are characterized, and the problem encountered when these two properties are insensitive to small errors in the plant and compensator models is considered. Finally, these results are compared with recent results on the corresponding state-space problem.
Demonstration of Mycobacterium kansasii species heterogeneity by the amplification of the 16S-23S spacer region (1995)

Amplification of the region separating the genes coding for the two rRNA species 16S and 23S was performed with 56 strains of several mycobacterial species, including 21 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium kansasii and the M. kansasii type strain ATCC 12478. On the basis of PCR product profiles, the previously suggested heterogeneity of M. kansasii species was confirmed. Three subgroups were identified; members of the first subgroup showed the same PCR profile as the reference strain. Different profiles were obtained for the two other subgroups. Amplification of the 16S-23S spacer is rapid and simple and, consequently, may be a helpful tool for identification and characterisation of M. kansasii isolates in epidemiological analysis.
Application of Human Models in Computer Aided Design (2005)

Humanistic design is the tendency and objective of modern product design, and ergonomics is an important subject of humanistic design. Its objective of design is to solve the problems of safety, efficiency and economy, especially those concerning the efficiency, safety and healthy in body as well as in mind of the human in the system. The article refers to one ergonomics field: the pose of human being.Computer modeling of human-machine system is to create geometrical models of the product and the human, and to simulate the operating process and to display this process to the screen of the computer, and to examine whether the pose of human model is possible and comfortable. In the early stage of the product design it is necessary to have ergonomics analysis before the mass-production of the product.The result of the analysis will be used for the further improvement of the product.
3D rotation invariant local binary patterns (2008)

We present a novel method for the fast computation of rotation invariant ¿local binary patterns¿ (LBP) on 3D volume data. Unlike a previous publication on 3D LBP, this new approach is not limited to ¿uniform patterns¿, providing a real 3D extension of the standard and rotation invariant LBP. We evaluate our methods in the context of 3D texture analysis of biological data.
Robust impedance shaping telemanipulation (1993)

When a human operator performs a task via a bilateral manipulator, the "feel" of the task is embodied in the mechanical impedance of the manipulator. Traditionally, a bilateral manipulator is designed for transparency; i.e. so that the impedance reflected through the manipulator closely approximates that of the task. "Impedance shaping bilateral control", introduced here, differs in that it treats the bilateral manipulator as a means of constructively altering the impedance of a task. This concept is particularly valuable if the characteristic dimensions (e.g. force, length, time) of the task impedance are very different from those of the human limb. It is shown that a general form of impedance shaping control consists of a conventional power-scaling bilateral controller augmented with a real-time interactive task simulation (i.e. a virtual environment). An approach to impedance shaping based on kinematic similarity between tasks of different scale is introduced and illustrated with an example. It is shown that an important consideration in impedance shaping controller design is robustness; i.e. guaranteeing the stability of the operator/manipulator/task system. A general condition for the robustness of a bilateral manipulator is derived. This condition is based on the structured singular value ( mu ). An example of robust impedance shaping bilateral control is presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Population-Based Validation of the Prognostic Model ADJUVANT! for Early Breast Cancer (2005)

Adjuvant! performed reliably. Patients younger than age 35 or with known additional adverse prognostic factors such as LVI require adjustment of risks to derive reliable predictions of prognosis without adjuvant systemic therapy and the absolute benefits of adjuvant systemic therapy.
A novel approach for leakage current reduction of LPCVD Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ and TiO/sub 2/ films by rapid thermal N/sub 2/O annealing (2002)

Rapid thermal N/sub 2/O annealing (RTN/sub 2/O) has been applied to reduce the leakage current in the Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ and TiO/sub 2/ thin films (100-200 /spl Aring/) prepared by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) for the first time. Among three different post-deposition annealing conditions compared: (a) 800/spl deg/C rapid thermal O/sub 2/ annealing (RTO) for 60 sec, (b) 800/spl deg/C furnace O/sub 2/ annealing for 30 min and (c) 800/spl deg/C RTN/sub 2/O for 60 sec, RTN/sub 2/O has resulted the lowest leakage current and best time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) characteristics in Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ films. However, furnace O/sub 2/ annealing produces the lowest leakage in LPCVD-TiO/sub 2/ films. An increase in RTN/sub 2/O temperature above 800/spl deg/C decreases both high field leakage current and the effective dielectric constant. It also induces a low-field leakage current due to the reaction between high dielectric constant materials and the bottom electrode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A theoretical study of a mulit-element scanning feed system for a parabolic cylinder (1966)

This paper is a theoretical investigation of a method of scanning a beam of an antenna consisting of a fixed reflector and an array of elements illuminating the reflector by appropriately controlling the phase and amplitude of the signal radiating from each element. For the purpose of determining the feasibility of such a systems the two-dimensional problem is explored where a specific antenna geometry and an element radiation pattern are assumed. It was found that although the system exhibits similar performance to a system with a single radiating element when radiating a beam on axis, it could be scanned some eight beamwidths off axis without significant deterioration in characteristics. Interestingly, it was discovered that there is a separation (about 0.7\lambda in this case) between the feed elements where the sidelobes become dramatically high, analogous to grating lobes in a phased array.
Locking and Latching in a Memory-Resident Database System (1992)

As part of the Starburst extensible database project developed at the IBM Almaden Research Center, we designed and implemented a memory-resident storage component that co-exists with Starburst&apos;s diskoriented storage component. The two storage components share the same common services, such as query optimization, transaction management, etc. However, the memory-resident storage component is faster than the disk-oriented storage component and hence needs faster run-time services. This paper examines two runtime services, the lock manager and the latch mechanism, and investigates possible cost-cutting measures. We propose the use of of a single latch for protecting a table, all of its indexes, and all of its related lock information, in order to reduce storage component latch costs. We then show that although a table-level latch is a large granule latch, it does not significantly restrict concurrency. We also examine traditional lock manager design and suggest a different design that is a...
A framework for assessing the relative effectiveness of vehicle crashworthiness measures through data simulation (2005)

The measurement of relative vehicle occupant injury risk and injury severity is useful for assessing the safety performance of particular vehicle models and for monitoring design improvements in vehicles over time. Internationally, five key measures of vehicle crashworthiness have been developed that attempt to measure the risk of injury or serious injury to a vehicle driver involved in a two-car collision. This paper aims to extend existing theoretical comparisons of the safety measures by examining the relative effectiveness of each measure using simulated crash data with known properties. A theoretical framework is developed that describes the process of injury data generation in terms of injury risk and injury severity. Application of the safety rating methods to simulated crash data derived from this framework enables quantification of the ability of each rating method to accurately estimate known vehicle safety performance. This is not possible through a theoretical statistical comparison alone. Multiple simulation runs have been conducted to investigate the effects of different relationships between injury risk and impact severity on the effectiveness of the safety rating measures. Results of the analysis highlight the efficiencies, deficiencies and biases of each of the rating methods under various input scenarios.
Synchronization Method for Improving Temporal Harmony of Music and Video Clips (2015)

This paper focuses on temporal harmony of music and video clips. The method for producing a synchronized audiovisual material is proposed. Change points of the direction of the moving object are decided as synchronization points of video clips. The moving area of an object is extracted in order to detect the change points. Only the motion vectors in the area are used. The start point that an object begins to move is considered. Beats are used as synchronization points of a music clip. Playback speed of a video clip is changed to meet synchronization points of music and video clips. The proposed method is experimentally evaluated. Evaluation results show that the proposed method is effective in improving of harmony in specific media data. It is also shown that the start point synchronization influences temporal harmony and general harmony.
Laser-induced dark traces in doped LiNbO3 crystals (1995)

Laser-induced dark traces in doped LiNbO3 crystals are studied with the 1064 nm fundamental radiation and the 532 nm second harmonic radiation of the Nd:YAG laser operating in a pulse mode. The results show that the dark traces are induced only by the 532 nm radiation. The linear relationship between the transmission loss and the 532 nm power density indicates that dark traces are not due to two-photon absorption. The recovery rates of the absorption in LiNbO3 with different wavelength probe laser are measured and show that laser-induced dark traces accompany more than one defect appearing in LiNbO3, and disappear quicker at higher temperature.
Completion of the Series of M<sub>2</sub>(hpp)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> Compounds from W to Pt:  The W, Os, and Pt Compounds (2000)

The series of M2(hpp)4Cl2 complexes (hpp is the anion of 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine) from M = W to M = Pt has been completed by the preparation and characterization of those with M = W, Os, and Pt. W(hpp)4Cl2 (1) has a W-W distance of 2.250(2) A, is diamagnetic, and can be assigned a W-W triple bond based on a sigma 2 pi 4 electron configuration. Os2(hpp)4Cl2 (2) has an Os-Os distance of 2.379(2) A and displays a temperature-independent paramagnetism. It can be assigned a sigma 2 pi 4 delta 2 delta*2 configuration. Pt2(hpp)4Cl2 has a Pt-Pt distance of 2.440(1) A and is diamagnetic. A bond order of 1, based on a configuration in which only the sigma* orbital is empty, is consistent with these data.
Lists that are smaller than their parts: A coding approach to tunable secrecy (2012)

We present a new information-theoretic definition and associated results, based on list decoding in a source coding setting. We begin by presenting list-source codes, which naturally map a key length (entropy) to list size. We then show that such codes can be analyzed in the context of a novel information-theoretic metric, ϵ-symbol secrecy, that encompasses both the one-time pad and traditional rate-based asymptotic metrics, but, like most cryptographic constructs, can be applied in non-aymptotic settings. We derive fundamental bounds for ϵ-symbol secrecy and demonstrate how these bounds can be achieved with MDS codes when the source is uniformly distributed. We discuss applications and implementation issues of our codes.
An evaluation of 12 methods for the demonstration of penicillinase. (1979)

Twelve methods for the demonstration of bacterial penicillinase production by strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus are compared, and their suitability for routine clinical laboratory use is evaluated. The acidometric agar plate method is recommended.
Determination of hydrogen concentration in ionic liquids and the effect (or lack of) on rates of hydrogenation (2003)

The solubility of hydrogen and the corresponding Henry coefficients for 11 ionic liquids have been determined in situ at 100 atm H2 pressure and are much lower than expected; attempts to correlate the solubility of hydrogen in the ionic liquids with the rate of reaction for the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane in these solvents have been made.