gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic segregation analysis of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in families of probands with idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (2001)

Idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a very rare syndrome with major respiratory complications. Hypothesizing that CCHS is the most severe manifestation of general autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD), we applied a case-control family study design to investigate the genetics of ANSD. Fifty-two probands with CCHS were identified, as well as 52 age-, race-, and gender-matched controls. ANSD phenotypic features were characterized in the cases, controls, and their family members. Our earlier studies found that most ANSD symptoms were more likely in CCHS cases and their relatives than in controls and their relatives (P < 0.05). The goal of the current study was to determine if the familiality of ANSD was consistent with a genetic pattern. We performed major locus segregation analysis of ANSD utilizing regressive models. CCHS probands were assumed to be affected; controls and relatives were designated as affected if they had two or more relevant symptoms. The hypothesis of "no transmission and no familial effects" was rejected in both case and control families. Case families were consistent with transmission of a major effect; control families were not (the difference in the pattern of results was significant, P < 0.0001). In the total data set, the best-fitting model was codominant Mendelian inheritance of a major gene for ANSD. These case-control family studies support our hypothesis that CCHS is the most severe manifestation of a general ANSD, with a family pattern consistent with Mendelian transmission, and demonstrate the potential utility of the approach to studies of other, similarly intractable disorders.
A new scheme of fault detection based on neural nets (2003)

This paper presents a new scheme for fault detection based on neural nets. By using a Hopfield neural network for online parameter estimation, process faults caused by parameter changes can be detected. Because of the use of a neural computing technique, the scheme improves the performance of fault diagnosis approaches based on traditional parameter estimation methods with respect to detection speed, accuracy and the ability of realtime processing. Simulation results show that the scheme has good efficacy in fault detection and is especially suitable for detecting faults caused by parameter changes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of the photothermal sensitivity of an interferometric optical fiber probe with pulsed photothermal radiometry (2002)

An interferometric optical fiber probe for making photothermal measurements of tissue optical and thermal properties is compared to pulsed photothermal radiometry in terms of its overall thermal sensitivity, linearity, and response time. The principles of operation of the probe are described and its performance as a low finesse Fabry–Perot interferometer is discussed. A probe with a 12 μm sensing film is characterized by a thermal noise floor of 50 mK and a response time of 850 μs. The sensitivities to the optical and thermal coefficients of the two techniques have been analyzed. As a result of the different source geometries, the optical fiber probe was found to be more sensitive to the thermal coefficients of tissue than the optical coefficients while pulsed photothermal radiometry provided maximum sensitivity to the optical coefficients.
A Multivariate Method of Classif in Bod Form Variation for Sizing Women's Apparel (1985)

The purpose of this study was to develop a multivariate method for structuring a sizing system for women's apparel. The I 977 suvey of U.S. Army women was the data base. The sample was limited to 1217 subjects who were White or Black and 17-3 5 years old. The methodology underlying PS 42-70, the current U.S. sizing standard, was studied relative to recent changes in body form classification, apparel production, and merchandising which support development of multivariate methodology. Examination of PS 42-70 as a classification system for the sample showed inadequate proportioning of overall body dimensions, particularlyshoulder breadth and body segment lengths. The experimental method used components 1 and 2 to summarize body form variation as the relationship between body thickness and length. A Principal Component Sizing System (PCSS) was constructed by partitioning the distribution of principal components 1 by 2 into 26 sizes. A per subject comparison of "goodness of fit" of PS 42-70 and PCSS showed PCSS consistently closer to subjecfs' overall body proportions than PS 42-70. The multivariate relationship between body thickness and length is fundamental to body form and size variation. Our results indicate that PCSS better represents that relationship for the sample studied.
Rho kinase–dependent activation of SOX9 in chondrocytes (2009)

These results demonstrate a new interaction that directly links ROCK to increased cartilage matrix production via activation of SOX9 in response to mechanical and growth factor stimulation.
Synergistic Inhibition of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and HIV-1 Replication by Combining Trovirdine with AZT, ddl and ddC<i>in Vitro</i> (1996)

Trovirdine (LY300046·HCI) is a potent and selective non-nucleoside human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor (Åhgren et al., Antimicrob Ag Chemother 39: 1329, 1995). Combinations of trovirdine with other RT inhibitors, AZT, ddC., ddl and their triphosphates, were studied as well as the pyrophosphate analogue PFA in both cell-free HIV-1 polymerase assays and HIV-1-infected MT-4 cell cultures. Synergistic effects and weak synergism were observed both using RT and HIV-1 - infected cells and using different HIV-1 RT mutants and HIV-1 drug-resistant variants known to be resistant to the inhibitory effects of trovirdine. The best combination with substantial synergism was ddC-TP and trovirdine at a 20:1 molar ratio combination in a cell-free enzyme assay. This combination showed the weak synergy in MT-4 cells. Synergism was judged by the median-effect method. The inhibitory effect of trovirdine was independent of increased concentrations of AZT triphosphate and ddC triphosphate implying that trovirdine acts in a mutually exclusive manner with AZT-TP and ddC-TP as determined by the Dixon plot. The combination effects were expressed by the combination index (Cl) using end points of 50%, 70% and 90% inhibition of HIV-1 RT activity and HIV-1 replication in MT-4 cells.
Aspect based multi-document summarization (2016)

Multi-document summarization is useful when a user deals with a group of heterogeneous documents and wants to compile the important information present in the collection, or there is a group of homogeneous documents, taken out from a large corpus as a result of a query. We present an approach to automatic multi-document summarization that depends on clustering and sentence extraction. User provides a query, based on the query; documents that are relevant to the query are extracted from a document corpus containing documents from various domains. An n × n similarity matrix is created among the sentences having sentence level similarity in all extracted documents. Then clusters of similar sentences are formed using Markov clustering algorithm. In each cluster, each sentence is assigned five different weights 1. Chronological weight of sentence (Document level) 2. Position weight of sentence (position of sentence in the document) 3. Sentence weight (based on term weight) 4. Aspect based weight (sentence containing aspect words) and 5. Synonymy and Hyponym Weight. Then top ranked sentences having highest weight are extracted from each cluster and presented to user.
Min-max hyperparameter tuning, with application to fault detection (2011)

International audience
Efficient combination of surface and bulk passivation schemes of high-efficiency multicrystalline silicon solar cells (1995)

Conventional and electromagnetically casted multicrystalline silicon solar cells are fabricated following different passivation schemes. Thin layers (∼100 Å) of thermal dry and plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposition (PECVD) SiO2 are implemented for surface oxide passivation of multicrystalline silicon solar cells and compared. It is found that growing thin layers of thermal dry oxide results in efficient surface passivation. However, for thin PECVD SiO2 layers it is necessary to perform low-temperature forming gas anneal, postdeposition, in order to observe the surface passivation effect. In addition, hydrogen plasma passivation has been optimized for achieving deep penetration of atomic hydrogen in the material (≳30 μm) and as a consequence very effective bulk passivation of multicrystalline silicon solar cells. By combining front and back thermal dry SiO2 passivation with hydrogen remote plasma treatment, a cell efficiency of 17% (independently confirmed) on 4 cm2 area and 180 μm thickness is realized without any Al gettering. On the other hand, the cell efficiencies obtained using thin layers of PECVD SiO2 are found to be very comparable to the efficiency of the cells fabricated with thermal dry SiO2 layers provided that PECVD Si3N4/SiO2 are used as a double-layer antireflection coating.
Storm‐characteristics of the Sacramento basin (1941)

The winter storms which invade northern California originate through the interaction of Polar Pacific Air with Tropical Pacific Air. This happens when the polar low‐pressure areas are forced farther south than usual or the semi‐permanent high‐pressure areas just north of the Hawaiian Islands break down. Waves induced along this polar front or discontinuity‐surface between these two areas travel eastward across California. The passage of a family of as many as five such waves or storms has been noted. The development of the frontal system associated with these storms or low‐pressure areas is accompanied by heavy precipitation from the moisture‐laden Tropical Pacific Air.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Supports IL-8-Mediated Neutrophil Transendothelial Migration by Inhibition of the Constitutive Shedding of Endothelial IL-8/Heparan Sulfate/Syndecan-1 Complexes (2003)

The endothelium is the primary barrier to leukocyte recruitment at sites of inflammation. Neutrophil recruitment is directed by transendothelial gradients of IL-8 that, in vivo, are bound to the endothelial cell surface. We have investigated the identity and function of the binding site(s) in an in vitro model of neutrophil transendothelial migration. In endothelial culture supernatants, IL-8 was detected in a trimolecular complex with heparan sulfate and syndecan-1. Constitutive shedding of IL-8 in this form was increased in the presence of a neutralizing Ab to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), indicating a role for endothelial plasminogen activator in the shedding of IL-8. Increased shedding of IL-8/heparan sulfate/syndecan-1 complexes was accompanied by inhibition of neutrophil transendothelial migration, and aprotinin, a potent plasmin inhibitor, reversed this inhibition. Platelets, added as an exogenous source of PAI-1, had no effect on shedding of the complexes or neutrophil migration. Our results indicate that IL-8 is immobilized on the endothelial cell surface through binding to syndecan-1 ectodomains, and that plasmin, generated by endothelial plasminogen activator, induces the shedding of this form of IL-8. PAI-1 appears to stabilize the chemoattractant form of IL-8 at the cell surface and may represent a therapeutic target for novel anti-inflammatory strategies.
The crystal structure of groutite, HMnO<sub>2</sub> (1949)

The crystal structure of groutite, a new modification of HMnO2, has been determined. The dimensions of the orthorhombic unit cell are a = 4.58 A., b = 10.76 A., and c = 2.89 A., and the space group is D{_{2h}^{16}}–Pbnm. The atomic arrangement is very nearly identical with that of diaspore.
The number of people with sickle‐cell disease in the United States: national and state estimates (2009)

Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
UK stock and government bond markets: predictability and the term structure (1995)

This paper explores whether conditional expected excess returns on UK shares and long-term government bonds are predictable and whether they have a common source of variation. Using monthly data for 1976–91 the results suggest that the same information helps predict expected excess returns in both the UK government bond market and the stock market. Contrary to US evidence, support is also found for the hypothesis that government bonds and shares have a single common source of risk which is unobservable but can be proxied by financial spreads.
Mini-Incision Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Comparative Assessment of Perioperative Outcomes (2002)

Compared with patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA) via a direct lateral approach, patients treated with THA via a mini-incision approach had significantly earlier ambulation, less transfer assistance, and more favorable discharge dispositions; they also had decreased transfusion requirements and better functional recovery with early physical therapy. This procedure achieved accurate and reproducible implantation, regardless of patient habitus.
Intercultural Competence and the Role of Technology in Teacher Education. (2005)

This special issue of Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education focuses on intercultural education and the role of technology to facilitate such education in formal courses of teacher education and in the lifelong reflective practice of educators. The role that information and communication technologies have in increasing the need for education related to globalization and to the increasing digital divide is also recognized. Intercultural education is a general term pertaining to the ability to understand, empathize with, and respect all ethnicities. Multicultural education, inclusive education, education for social justice, and international education are terms often associated with intercultural education. Niki Davis, the special issue editor, invited articles from a variety of perspectives, including those associated with intercultural education in specific disciplines and content areas, equity and social justice, and the use of technology to enhance multicultural and international education. Contributions to this special issue were sought worldwide, having been stimulated by the International Leadership for Educational Technology initiative (ILET; http://www.public.iastate.edu/~ilet) that is building a transatlantic doctoral community between six universities in four countries. This editorial introduces the challenges of applying technology to intercultural education using our ILET experience before using three complementary theoretical perspectives to introduce the articles in the special issue. The publication establishes a continuing opportunity for dialog and scholarship on intercultural education and technology due to this online journal’s invitation to submit articles in response to articles. Please contribute!
On the compressive elasticity of epoxy resins filled with hollow glass microspheres (1996)

The mechanical properties of a hollow glass microsphere-filled epoxy resin composite system were investigated in air as a function of the weight content of particles ranging from 0 to 15.38% (wt/wt). The analysis based on necessarily modified classical models together with structural observations enabled explanation of the composition dependencies of elastic moduli of the blends studied. It was found that, together with a presumption of no interfacial adhesion between the filler and matrix, an interlayer of immobilized matrix with changed mechanical properties compared to the formal matrix seems to strongly affect the mechanical behavior of the composite. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Space-Charge Limited Transport in Large-Area Monolayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride (2015)

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a wide-gap material that has attracted significant attention as an ideal dielectric substrate for 2D crystal heterostructures. We report here the first observation of in-plane charge transport in large-area monolayer hBN, grown by chemical vapor deposition. The quadratic scaling of current with voltage at high bias corresponds to a space-charge limited conduction mechanism, with a room-temperature mobility reaching up to 0.01 cm(2)/(V s) at electric fields up to 100 kV/cm in the absence of dielectric breakdown. The observation of in-plane charge transport highlights the semiconducting nature of monolayer hBN, and identifies hBN as a wide-gap 2D crystal capable of supporting charge transport at high field. Future exploration of charge transport in hBN is motivated by the fundamental study of UV optoelectronics and the massive Dirac fermion spectrum of hBN.
High-gain over 30% PAE power amplifier MMICs in 100 nm GaN technology at Ka-band frequencies (2015)

Two high-efficiency power amplifier MMICs utilizing a 100 nm AlGaN/GaN HEMT MMIC technology at Ka-band frequencies are reported in this paper. They have also been designed in order to ensure high output power and high gain. In continuous-wave (CW) operation, the first three stage power amplifier provides 4.5 W of output power and 33% of power-added-efficiency (PAE) at 30 GHz. The first power amplifier has been mirrored and combined in order to reach higher output power levels. This second MMIC power amplifier provides 8.1 W of output power and 30% of PAE at 30 GHz.
An unexpected Mitsunobu reaction. A direct route to the 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one skeleton as a γ-lactam mimic of β-lactam antibiotics (1997)

Treatment of anilides of N-protected (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline, e.g. 1, with thioacetic acid under Mitsunobu conditions gives, unexpectedly, 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-ones, e.g. 2, the products of intramolecular cyclisation. However, the less acidic N-benzylamides of these proline derivatives, e.g. 7, are not sufficiently acidic and the hydrazido anion generated in the Mitsunobu reaction displaces the activated hydroxy group in an intermolecular reaction to give 8. The bicyclic γ-lactams are potential analogues of the β-lactam antibiotics and suitable derivatives 9, 10, 11 and 12 are found to be competitive inhibitors of class A and C β-lactamases, with Ki as low as 70 µM.
Effect of BTEB2 antisense RNA on migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. (2009)

Objective: To investigate the effect of BTEB2 antisense RNA on the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC).Methods:The recombinant adenoviral vector,Ad.ASBTEB2,containing antisense BTEB2 gene was constructed by homologous recombination,and then it was used to transfect rat VSMC in vitro.BTEB2 protein expression was detected by Western blot.The modified Boyden's chamber method was applied to test the migration of VSMC and the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB) was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results:The transfection of recombinant adenovirus significantly inhibited BTEB2 protein expression.The number of migrated cells decreased significantly in Ad.ASBTEB2 group under the condition of angiotensin II at the concentration of 10-6 mol/L,compared with control group(P0.01) and Ad.LacZ group(P0.01).Moreover,Ad.ASBTEB2 transfection significantly inhibited the expression of PDGF-BB induced by angiotensin II.Conclusion:BTEB2 antisense RNA can obviously inhibit the migration of VSMC induced by angiotensin II,possibly by decreasing the expression of migration-related factor.
How does the kinase Lck phosphorylate the T cell receptor? Spatial organization as a regulatory mechanism (2012)

T cell signaling begins with the ligation of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) by a cognate peptide and the phosphorylation of the receptor's immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif domains by the kinase Lck. However, the canonical receptor model is insufficient to explain how the constitutively active kinase Lck can discriminate between non-ligated and ligated TCRs. Here, we discuss the factors that are thought to regulate the spatial distribution of the TCR and Lck, and therefore critically influence TCR signaling initiation.
<i>Brassica campestris</i> var. Span: I. Fractionation of Rapeseed oil by molecular distillation and adsorption chromatography (1975)

Procedures for the large scale isolation of pure triglycerides and fractions rich in nontriglyceride components from Span rapeseed oil are described. Fractionation of Brassica campestris var. Span rapeseed oil by molecular distillation yielded 4 triglyceride fractions, all of which contained traces of sterol esters. An additional triglyceride fraction rich in free and esterified sterols and other volatile components was obtained from the oil. Separation by adsorption chromatography of Span rapeseed oil yielded three fractions; A) a pure triglyceride ffaction; B) a triglyceride fraction rich in sterol esters; and C) another fraction containing free sterols and other polar components.
Synthesis, characterisation and bioimaging of a fluorescent rhenium-containing PNA bioconjugate (2011)

A new rhenium tricarbonyl complex of a bis(quinoline)-derived ligand (2-azido-N,N-bis((quinolin-2-yl)methyl)ethanamine, L-N(3)), namely [Re(CO)(3)(L-N(3))]Br was synthesized and characterized in-depth, including by X-ray crystallography. [Re(CO)(3)(L-N(3))]Br exhibits a strong UV absorbance in the range 300-400 nm with a maximum at 322 nm, and upon photoexcitation, shows two distinct emission bands at about 430 and 560 nm in various solvents (water, ethylene glycol). [Re(CO)(3)(L-N(3))]Br could be conjugated, on a solid phase, to a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomer using the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (Cu-AAC, "click" chemistry) and an alkyne-containing PNA building block to give Re-PNA. It was demonstrated that upon hybridisation with a complementary DNA strand (DNA), the position of the maxima and emission intensity for the hybrid Re-PNA·DNA remained mainly unchanged compared to those of the single strand Re-PNA. The rhenium-containing PNA oligomer Re-PNA could be then mediated in living cells where they have been shown to be non-toxic contrary to the general notion that organometallic compounds are usually unstable under physiological conditions and/or cytotoxic. Furthermore, Re-PNA could be detected in living cells using fluorescent microscopy.
Foundations of Ultra-Precision Mechanism Design (2017)

The realm of ultra precision mechanisms, for example in controlling motion to small fractions of a micrometer, is encroaching into many fields of technology. This book aims to provide a bridge for those moving from either an engineering or physics background towards the challenges offered by ultraprecision mechanisms. Using case study examples, this book provides a guide to basic techniques and gives technical, analytical and practical information.