gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unified Scaling of Polar Codes: Error Exponent, Scaling Exponent, Moderate Deviations, and Error Floors (2015)

Consider the transmission of a polar code of block length N and rate R over a binary memoryless symmetric channel W and let P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> be the block error probability under successive cancellation decoding. In this paper, we develop new bounds that characterize the relationship of the parameters R, N, P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> , and the quality of the channel W quantified by its capacity I(W) and its Bhattacharyya parameter Z(W). In previous work, two main regimes were studied. In the error exponent regime, the channel W and the rate R <; I(W) are fixed, and it was proved that the error probability Pe scales roughly as 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-√N</sup> . In the scaling exponent approach, the channel W and the error probability Pe are fixed and it was proved that the gap to capacity I(W) - R scales as N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1/μ</sup> . Here, μ is called scaling exponent and this scaling exponent depends on the channel W. A heuristic computation for the binary erasure channel (BEC) gives μ = 3.627 and it was shown that, for any channel W, 3.579 ≤ μ ≤ 5.702. Our contributions are as follows. First, we provide the tighter upper bound μ <;≤ 4.714 valid for any W. With the same technique, we obtain the upper bound μ ≤ 3.639 for the case of the BEC; this upper bound approaches very closely the heuristically derived value for the scaling exponent of the erasure channel. Second, we develop a trade-off between the gap to capacity I(W)- R and the error probability Pe as the functions of the block length N. In other words, we neither fix the gap to capacity (error exponent regime) nor the error probability (scaling exponent regime), but we do consider a moderate deviations regime in which we study how fast both quantities, as the functions of the block length N, simultaneously go to 0. Third, we prove that polar codes are not affected by error floors. To do so, we fix a polar code of block length N and rate R. Then, we vary the channel W and study the impact of this variation on the error probability. We show that the error probability Pe scales as the Bhattacharyya parameter Z(W) raised to a power that scales roughly like VN. This agrees with the scaling in the error exponent regime.
Rapid Serodiagnosis of <i>Mycobacterium avium‐intracellulare</i> Complex Infection by ELISA with Cord Factor (Trehalose 6, 6′‐Dimycolate), and Serotyping Using the Glycopeptidolipid Antigen (1998)

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens, particularly in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to determine whether an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) as an antigen can be used for the rapid serodiagnosis of MAC infection. We also identified MAC serotypes by ELISA using serotype-specific glycopeptidolipid (GPL) antigen. To confirm our findings, the thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) behavior of serotype-specific GPL of the strains isolated from MAC-infected patients was also tested. Forty patients infected with MAC and 30 healthy controls were tested. Thirty-two of the 40 MAC-infected patients had higher titers of serum antibodies against MAC TDM than against MTB TDM, while all 30 healthy control sera were unreactive to MAC TDM and MTB TDM. Results of the GPL ELISA indicated that 20 of the 40 MAC-infected patients' sera were reactive against serotype 4 GPL, 3 against serotype 8 GPL, and 1 against serotype 16 GPL. A TLC analysis of the GPL of the 40 MAC isolates showed that 16 strains were of serotype 4, 5 of serotype 8, and 2 of serotype 16. Results of the GPL ELISA were in good accord with those of the TLC analysis for most patients. Our findings suggest that ELISA using TDM is useful for rapid serodiagnosis of MAC infection, and that complementary ELISA testing using serotype-specific GPL gives additional detailed information concerning MAC serotypes.
Microscrubbing: An alternative method for 3D thermocompression bonding CuCu bumps and high bump density devices with low force, time and temperature (2013)

Requirements for thermocompression bonding (TCB) successfully are dependent on the material as well as the area required to join. One of the paths for 3D integration is bonding Cu to Cu bumps or TSV's to bumps. A second path is by integrating fine pitch high density array of bumps, which may equate to >37000 bumps in a 8×8mm die size. Both require a significant amount of pressure as well as temperature before a good bond is achieve. For Cu to Cu bonding, temperatures >300°C is required as well as a compressive force that is needed to overcome the yield point of the metal, causing plastic deformation. On fine pitch high density array of bumps, a massive amount of force is needed to overcome the area of metal to bond. For instance a device with 37000 bumps (40μm pitch) would require at least 121kg of force to successfully bond. In this paper, we take a look on an alternative method of thermocompression bonding where we define, explore and characterize microscrubbing as an added process step during the bond. Experiments comparing differences between the standard TCB and the alternative method will also be explained. The experiment set involves die to die (D2D) stacking and is also applicable to D2W stacking. Experiments are done considering units with underfill using no-flow types. We discuss key understanding on the significant difference and improvements which microscrubbing contributes to the whole bonding process. It also touches on possible effects to bond quality and underfill reactions. In summary this paper covers tool parameters and material behavior during the thermocompression stacking process, exploring microscrubbing as an alternative method to direct TCB. The goal of the paper is to facilitate fundamental learning's and improvements on 3D stacking as a whole by exploring alternative methods.
Syntheses of 2‐phenyl‐3‐vinyloxirane derivatives that undergo radical ring‐opening polymerization (1985)

Abstract 2‐Phenyl‐3‐vinyloxirane derivatives that undergo radical ring‐opening polymerization were prepared from allyl bromide and corresponding aldehydes. The difunctional monomers containing vinyloxirane structure were also synthesized from dialdehydes such as isophthalaldehyde and terephthalaldehyde. The obtained monomers undertook the radical isomeric polymerization to obtain the corresponding polymers.
Transfusion-associated necrotising enterocolitis in neonates (2012)

Exposure to transfusion in previous 2 days was an independent risk factor for NEC. After controlling for confounders, no significant differences in mortality and morbidities were observed between infants who had transfusion-associated NEC and those with NEC not associated with transfusion.
Elimination reaction of hydrogen chloride from 1,1,2-trichloroethane on ion exchange molecular sieves (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElimination reaction of hydrogen chloride from 1,1,2-trichloroethane on ion exchange molecular sievesIsao Mochida and Yukio YonedaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 5, 2161–2163Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01269a118https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01269a118research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spectral signature barcodes based on S-shaped Split Ring Resonators (S-SRRs) (2016)

In this paper, it is shown that S-shaped split ring resonators (S-SRRs) are useful particles for the implementation of spectral signature (i.e., a class of radiofrequency) barcodes based on coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines loaded with such resonant elements. By virtue of its S shape, these resonators are electrically small. Hence S-SRRs are of interest for the miniaturization of the barcodes, since multiple resonators, each tuned at a different frequency, are used for encoding purposes. In particular, a 10-bit barcode occupying 1 GHz spectral bandwidth centered at 2.5 GHz, with dimensions of 9 cm2, is presented in this paper.
State Transition Model for Test Sequence Generation of MANET Clustering Protocols (2007)

Conformance test is test to confirm whether an implemented software satisfies the designed specification or not. In order to execute conformance test, test sequences need to be generated from the state transition diagram, which represents the specification of the implemented software. There are some different behaviors of nodes between wireless mobile ad hoc networks and wired fixed networks. Since nodes move around in the ad hoc networks, any node in the ad hoc networks receives packets from an unexpected number of neighbor nodes during a specified period. So the length of test sequences generated from the state transition diagram is affected by the number of such neighbor nodes. In order to reduce the length of test sequences, this paper proposes conditions to redefine transitions to receive packets from neighbor nodes as a set of transitions in the state transition diagram. Then this paper shows how many number of test sequence can be reduced using the redefined transitions.
The Future Policy for Elderly People in Denmark and the Influence of Occupational Therapy Practice (1993)

(1993). The Future Policy for Elderly People in Denmark and the Influence of Occupational Therapy Practice. World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 19-22.
JALISCO Y LAS ELECCIONES ENTRE 1988 y 1995: UN ANÁLISIS EMPÍRICO (1995)

Desde el cardenismo efimero de 1988 y el salinismo de 1991, hasta la ola panista de 1994 y 1995, Jalisco ha vivido marcados cambios electo­rales. Hoy, junto con los estados de Baja California, Chihuahua y Guanajuato, esta entidad escribe un nue­vo capitulo en su historia politica en el que los protagonistas son un go­bierno panista y una oposicion priista. Este breve ensayo ofrece un ana­lisis empirico de las elecciones cele­bradas durante el periodo 1988-1995, y pretende tan solo subrayar ciertas tendencias y presentar algunas hi­potesis.
A sound absorbing metasurface with coupled resonators (2016)

An impedance matched surface is able, in principle, to totally absorb the incident sound and yield no reflection, and this is desired in many acoustic applications. Here we demonstrate a design of impedance matched sound absorbing surface with a simple construction. By coupling different resonators and generating a hybrid resonance mode, we designed and fabricated a metasurface that is impedance-matched to airborne sound at tunable frequencies with subwavelength scale unit cells. With careful design of the coupled resonators, over 99% energy absorption at central frequency of 511 Hz with a 50% absorption bandwidth of 140 Hz is achieved experimentally. The proposed design can be easily fabricated, and is mechanically stable. The proposed metasurface can be used in many sound absorption applications such as loudspeaker design and architectural acoustics.
Treatment of chronic Chagas' disease with itraconazole and allopurinol. (1998)

Four hundred four patients with chronic Chagas' disease were treated with itraconazole (6 mg/kg of body weight/day for 120 days), allopurinol (8.5 mg/kg of body weight/day for 60 days), or with a placebo of pure starch. Patients were monitored over a period of four years by clinical examination, serology, xenodiagnosis, hemoculture, and electrocardiogram. Drug tolerance was good, with only four treatments discontinued due to side effects that subsided after suspension of treatment. Parasitologic cure was evident in 44% of the those treated with allopurinol and 53% of those treated with itraconazole, and the electrocardiographic evaluation showed normalization in 36.5% and 48.2%, respectively, of patients with chronic or recent cardiopathy.
Cancer Chemotherapy and Heterocyclic Compounds (2002)

The search for pharmacological approaches to neoplastic disease has made some impressive gains started after 1940 when the antileukemic activity of nitrogen mustard was discovered during world war II. It is generally accepted that neoplastic transformation is related to genes alteration or oncogene activation, so the progress in the development of the new drugs for treatment of malignant diseases has been rapid, both in revealing pathobiology of the diseases and discovery of new drugs. In addition attempts have been made to define optimal combinations, treatment strategies and patient support measures. Cancer chemotherapy is now of established value and a highly specialized field. Among the modifications to the family of antitumor compounds, heterocyclic organic compounds have been extensively applied by many groups in order to modify the reactivity profile. Pyrrole, pyrimidine, indole, quinoline and purine are few classes of heterocycles which showed interesting cytotoxicity profiles. The updated material related to these modifications has been rationalized and ordered, in order to offer an overview of the argument.
Physical properties of flowing blood (1988)

The changes of viscosity, optical reflection and electrical resistivity of blood due to flow are dependent on the orientation and deformation of red cells. From electrical point of view, it can be assumed that blood is suspension of small insulating particles (red cells) in conductive fluid (plasma) when the frequency of supplied voltage is lower than several hundreds KHz. When blood flows, red cells deform and orient in flow direction. Therefore, flowing blood shows anisotropic electrical and optical properties. In steady flow, blood resistivity longitudinal to flow decrease with flow rate, and transverse one increases. Blood flow in living body is not steady but pulsatile. We measured both longitudinal and transverse resistivity changes, optical reflection change and viscosity change of sinusoidally flowing blood in a rectangular conduit. The results are 1) during one period of sinusoidal flow the longitudinal resistivity change is opposite to that of transverse one, 2) the waveform of reflection light change is similar to that of resistance change, and 3) minimum points of both longitudinal resistivity and viscosity changes do not appear at the moment when flow is zero but are delayed. When the amplitude of sinusoidal flow is small and oscillation frequency is high, the phase difference between the zero crossing period of flow and the period of minimum change in resistivity, increases up to 90 degrees. Viscosity of blood decreases with increase of amplitude and frequency of sinusoidal flow.
Surface protein composition of Aeromonas hydrophila strains virulent for fish: identification of a surface array protein (1988)

The surface protein composition of members of a serogroup of Aeromonas hydrophila which exhibit high virulence for fish was examined. Treatment of whole cells of representative strain A. hydrophila TF7 with 0.2 M glycine buffer (pH 4.0) resulted in the release of sheets of a tetragonal surface protein array. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that this sheet material was composed primarily of a protein of apparent molecular weight 52,000 (52K protein). A 52K protein was also the predominant protein in glycine extracts of other members of the high-virulence serogroup. Immunoblotting with antiserum raised against formalinized whole cells of A. hydrophila TF7 showed the 52K S-layer protein to be the major surface protein antigen, and impermeant Sulfo-NHS-Biotin cell surface labeling showed that the 52K S-layer protein was the only protein accessible to the Sulfo-NHS-Biotin label and effectively masked underlying outer membrane (OM) proteins. In its native surface conformation the 52K S-layer protein was only weakly reactive with a lactoperoxidase 125I surface iodination procedure. A UV-induced rough lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutant of TF7 was found to produce an intact S layer, but a deep rough LPS mutant was unable to maintain an array on the cell surface and excreted the S-layer protein into the growth medium, indicating that a minimum LPS oligosaccharide size was required for A. hydrophila S-layer anchoring. The 52K S-layer protein exhibited hear-dependent SDS-solubilization behavior when associated with OM, but was fully solubilized at all temperatures after removal from the OM, indicating a strong interaction of the S layer with the underlying OM. The native S layer was permeable to 125I in the lactoperoxidase radiolabeling procedure, and two major OM proteins of molecular weights 30,000 and 48,000 were iodinated. The 48K species was a peptidoglycan-associated, transmembrane protein which exhibited heat-modifiable SDS solubilization behaviour characteristic of a porin protein. A 50K major peptidoglycan-associated OM protein which was not radiolabeled exhibited similar SDS heat modification characteristics and possibly represents a second porin protein.
Identification and applications of repetitive probes for gene mapping in the mouse. (1991)

Interspecific mouse hybrids that are viable and fertile provide a wealth of genetic variation that is useful for gene mapping. We are using this genetic variation to develop multilocus linkage maps of the mouse genome. As an outgrowth of this work, we have identified three repetitive probes that collectively identify 28 loci dispersed on 16 of the 19 mouse autosomes and the X chromosome. These loci establish a skeleton linkage map that can be used to detect linkage over much of the mouse genome. The molecular probes are derived from the mouse mammary tumor virus envelope gene, the ornithine decarboxylase gene, and the triose phosphate isomerase gene. The ability to scan the mouse genome quickly and efficiently in an interspecific cross using these three repetitive probes makes this system a powerful tool for identifying the chromosomal location of mutations that have yet to be cloned, mapping multigenic traits, and identifying recessive protooncogene loci associated with murine neoplastic disease. Ultimately, interspecific hybrids in conjunction with repetitive and single-copy probes will provide a rapid means to access virtually any gene of interest in the mouse genome at the molecular level.
Phoenix, November 20, 2017 (2017)

The Phoenix is a student newspaper published at Governors State University since August 2002. The newspaper features student reporting, opinions, news, and photos.
Long‐Range Ordered Self‐Assembly of Novel Acrylamide‐Based Diblock Copolymers for Nanolithography and Metallic Nanostructure Fabrication (2014)

Novel acrylamide-based hard-soft hybrid block copolymers generate high-quality nanolithographic patterns satisfying high-resolution, long-range ordering, low defect density, moderate etch selectivity, and easy pattern transfer onto a substrate. The resulting patterns can also be used as a scaffold for metallic nanostructures such as aligned nanowires and nanomeshes with extraordinary structural regularity.
Uniqueness study of measurements obtainable with an electromagnetic vector sensor (2002)

We investigate the linear dependence of the steering vectors of one electromagnetic vector sensor. We show that every 3 steering vectors with distinct DOAs are linearly independent. We also show that 4 steering vectors with distinct DOAs are linearly independent if the ellipticity angles of the signals associated with any 2 of the 4 steering vectors are distinct. We then establish that 5 steering vectors are linearly independent if exactly 2 or 3 of them correspond to circularly polarized signals with the same spin direction. Finally, we demonstrate that given any 5 steering vectors, then for any DOA there exists a steering vector which is linearly dependent on the 5 steering vectors.
Size-controlled electrochemical synthesis and properties of SnO<sub>2</sub>nanotubes (2009)

SnO(2) nanotubes with controlled diameter and length were synthesized using an electrochemical method at room temperature. The length and wall thickness of the nanotubes increased monotonically with the deposition time and the diameter of the nanotubes was altered by varying the pore size of the scaffolds. Post-annealing at 400 degrees C in dry air significantly improved the crystallinity while maintaining the nanotube structure. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra indicated an activation energy of 58 meV for emission centered at 410 nm. The temperature-dependent electrical resistance revealed that the dominant electrical conduction mechanism alters from the ionization of the main donor centers to impurity scattering as the temperature decreases. The electrical conductance of 200 nm diameter nanotubes increased to 33 times the original value upon UV illumination at 254 nm.
Transmission of ATLV (HTLV-I) through blood transfusion. (1984)

In a follow-up of blood recipients, antibodies against adult T-cell leukemia antigen (anti-ATLA) were found in those who had received blood preparations containing cells. Detection of lymphocytes carrying viral antigen of ATLV (human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) ) in seroconverted recipients and the appearance of the viral antigen in cord blood lymphocytes co-cultured with a T-cell clone of a seroconverted recipient strongly suggested that the virus was transmitted through blood transfusion. Screening of blood donors by testing their antibodies against the virus is necessary to prevent future transmission through transfusion, and should be done even if such transmission does not result in the development of adult T-cell leukemia.
UberNet: Training a Universal Convolutional Neural Network for Low-, Mid-, and High-Level Vision Using Diverse Datasets and Limited Memory (2017)

In this work we train in an end-to-end manner a convolutional neural network (CNN) that jointly handles low-, mid-, and high-level vision tasks in a unified architecture. Such a network can act like a swiss knife for vision tasks, we call it an UberNet to indicate its overarching nature. The main contribution of this work consists in handling challenges that emerge when scaling up to many tasks. We introduce techniques that facilitate (i) training a deep architecture while relying on diverse training sets and (ii) training many (potentially unlimited) tasks with a limited memory budget. This allows us to train in an end-to-end manner a unified CNN architecture that jointly handles (a) boundary detection (b) normal estimation (c) saliency estimation (d) semantic segmentation (e) human part segmentation (f) semantic boundary detection, (g) region proposal generation and object detection. We obtain competitive performance while jointly addressing all tasks in 0.7 seconds on a GPU. Our system will be made publicly available.