gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activin inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth: selective actions on androgen-responsive LNCaP cells (1996)

Prostate epithelial cell growth is under the control of both steroid and peptide factors. Human prostate cancer cell lines have been used to investigate similar agents in malignancy. Activins are dimeric peptides structurally related to transforming growth factor-beta and produced in the gonads and a wide array of extragonadal tissues. The activins act at the pituitary to regulate the synthesis and secretion of FSH. At other sites, such as bone marrow, liver, and gonads, activin may play an important role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It was the purpose of the current study to determine whether activin had similar actions on prostate cancer cells, specifically the androgen-responsive LNCaP and the androgen-resistant PC-3 cell lines. Using reverse transcription-PCR, messenger RNAs for type I and type II activin receptor subunits as well as the activin-binding protein follistatin were detected in both cell lines. Activin treatment rapidly (<24 h) inhibited LNCaP, but not PC-3, cell growth. The effects of activin were evident at low levels, with a concentration of 5 ng/ml being effective at 24 h, and a concentration of 0.5 ng/ml being effective at 48 h. These results contrasted with the actions of transforming growth factor-beta, which inhibited only PC-3 cells and required a greater treatment duration (96 h) to be effective. To determine whether these prostate cancer cell lines were also producing activin, LNCaP and PC-3 cells were treated with follistatin. Again, only the LNCaP cells responded, with growth acceleration noted by 24 h. As PC-3 cell responses to activin could be independent of cell proliferation, we transfected LNCaP and PC-3 cells with a known activin-responsive promoter/reporter gene construct (p3TP-Lux) and treated cells with activin. Only LNCaP cells produced a measurable response in luciferase activity. Finally, we attempted to determine whether the PC-3 cell resistance to activin was mediated via a transferable factor. PC-3 conditioned medium was added to LNCaP cells in the absence or presence of exogenous activin and had a small, but statistically nonsignificant (P < 0.09), action to blunt the actions of activin. We conclude that activin is a potent growth inhibitor of LNCaP cell growth. Moreover, these cells also produce activin, suggesting that locally derived activin may play a role in regulating cell proliferation. Despite expressing messenger RNAs for activin receptors, PC-3 cells are resistant to activin, perhaps the result of the production of an activin-blocking factor or a defective activin response system. These cell lines will thus serve as useful models in which to further study the cellular basis of activin action.
Motility and substratum adhesion of <i>Dictyostelium</i> wild-type and cytoskeletal mutant cells: a study by RICM/bright-field double-view image analysis (1995)

To investigate the dynamics of cell-substratum adhesion during locomotion, a double-view optical technique and computer-assisted image analysis has been developed which combines reflection interference contrast microscopy (RICM) with bright-field imaging. The simultaneous recording of cell-substratum contact and cell body contour has been applied to aggregation-competent cells of Dictyostelium discoideum. These cells are distinguished from cells at earlier stages of development by small areas of contact to a substratum. Three questions have been addressed in analysing the locomotion of aggregation-competent cells. (1) What is the relationship between changes in the shape of cells and their contact to a substratum during a chemotactic response? (2) What is the relationship between protrusion and retraction of the cell body, and between local attachment and detachment? (3) Are there differences between wild-type and mutant cells that lack certain cytoskeletal proteins? During a chemotactic response the front region of the amoeba can bend towards the gradient of attractant without being supported by its contact with a surface, which excludes the necessity for gradients of adhesion for the response. The finding that in locomoting cells protrusion of the leading edge often precedes retraction establishes a pioneer role for the front region. The finding that gain of contact area precedes loss provides evidence for the coordination of interactions between the cell surface and a substratum. For comparison with wild-type, aggregation-competent triple mutant cells have been used that lack two F-actin crosslinking proteins, alpha-actinin and 120 kDa gelation factor, and an actin filament fragmenting protein, severin. Disturbances in the spatial and temporal control of cytoskeletal activities have been unravelled in the mutant by RICM and quantified by cross-correlation analysis of attachment and detachment vectors. In order to detect these disturbances, it was essential to analyse cell locomotion on the weakly adhesive surface of freshly cleaved mica.
DNA copy number profiles of gastric cancer precursor lesions (2007)

The results suggest that gains on chromosomes 8, 9q, 11q and 20, and losses on chromosomes 5q, 6, 10 and 13, likely represent early events in gastric carcinogenesis. The phenotypical entities, intestinal-type and pyloric gland adenomas, however, do not differ significantly (P = 0.8) at the level of DNA copy number changes.
Genetic Instability in Flocculation of Bottom-Fermenting Yeast (2001)

A long-term study of brewing yeasts used in production plants revealed that, among the many brewing properties of yeast, flocculation was most variable. With successive generations, flocculation tended to decrease, while other properties were generally unchanged. In many cases, genetic alterations such as chromosome deletion or loss in the flocculation gene Lg-FLO1, which governs flocculation of bottom-fermenting yeast, were shown by means of Southern- and Northern-blot analyses. Although flocculation of bottom-fermenting yeast is believed to be unstable, the mechanism of conversion from flocculation to nonflocculation is not clearly understood. This was the first time that the instability of flocculation in practical bottom-fermenting yeast was explained by genetic alteration. Genetic alterations such as observed in the Lg-FLO1 gene might occur frequently in brewing yeasts through successive generations, thereby affecting other aspects of brewing performance.
Application of Namalva Interferon-α Monoclonal Antibodies for Purification and Enzyme Immnoassay of Interferon-α (1989)

Namalva (or Namalwa) interferon (IFN)-alpha was partially purified using a combination of conventional methods and modified acid-ethanol extraction. Four mouse monoclonal antibodies against Namalva IFN-alpha were prepared by hybridoma technology after immunization with Namalva IFN-alpha thus purified. Three of these monoclonal antibodies recognized the same or a similar epitope on Namalva IFN-alpha. One of these antibodies was paired with the fourth recognizing a different epitope and used respectively as enzyme-conjugated antibody and solid-phase antibody in our one step enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for IFN-alpha. This assay is simple and was able to detect as little as 5 pg of IFN-alpha in 100 microliters of sample in the short time of 5 hr. There was a good correlation between the EIA and bioassay. The use of one of the monoclonal antibodies as an immunoadsorbant to purify Namalva IFN-alpha is also described.
Some Difficult-to-Pass Tests of Randomness (2002)

We describe three tests of randomness-- tests that many random number generators fail. In particular, all congruential generators-- even those based on a prime modulus-- fail at least one of the tests, as do many simple generators, such as shift register and lagged Fibonacci. On the other hand, generators that pass the three tests seem to pass all the tests in the Diehard Battery of Tests. Note that these tests concern the randomness of a generator's output as a sequence of independent, uniform 32-bit integers. For uses where the output is converted to uniform variates in [0,1), potential flaws of the output as integers will seldom cause problems after the conversion. Most generators seem to be adequate for producing a set of uniform reals in [0,1), but several important applications, notably in cryptography and number theory-- for example, establishing probable primes, complexity of factoring algorithms, random partitions of large integers-- may require satisfactory performance on the kinds of tests we describe here.
Simulation of object-oriented distributed systems via compilation to concurrent process level (2002)

Object oriented simulation is becoming more and more important, as object based software architectures and platforms are gaining popularity. A prototype CASE environment is under development at CSELT which allows users to specify applications according to the ACE computational model, an object oriented based on the concept of Building Block, in turn derived by the TINA-C architecture. One of the features provided by ACE environment is the simulation of the specifications. The proposed approach to simulation is to first translate the object oriented specification to the process level, to use an already available simulation engine with a good efficiency and reliability and then bring the simulation results back to the object level. The semantics of the ACE language, which includes sophisticated primitives, like asynchronous method invocation, concurrent objects and method guards has been mapped at the process level using appropriate templates. The results show that a good efficiency has been obtained: around one hundred object level events per second are simulated on a state of the art workstation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Open vocabulary handwriting recognition using combined word-level and character-level language models (2013)

In this paper, we present a unified search strategy for open vocabulary handwriting recognition using weighted finite state transducers. Additionally to a standard word-level language model we introduce a separate n-gram character-level language model for out-of-vocabulary word detection and recognition. The probabilities assigned by those two models are combined into one Bayes decision rule. We evaluate the proposed method on the IAM database of English handwriting. An improvement from 22.2% word error rate to 17.3% is achieved comparing to the closed-vocabulary scenario and the best published result.
Slot-coupled dielectric resonator antenna usinga proximity feed on aperpendicular substrate (1997)

The slot-coupled dielectric resonator antenna with a proximity feed on a perpendicular substrate is investigated experimentally. The return loss, radiation pattern, and antenna gain of the new configuration are measured and discussed.
Sjögren’s syndrome: An old tale with a new twist (2009)

Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is chronic autoimmune disease manifested by the loss of saliva and/or tear secretion by salivary and/or lacrimal glands, respectively. The pathogenesis of the disease remains elusive, perhaps due to the multiple triggers of the disease. However, substantial advances have been made in attempting to resolve the complexity of SjS using both animal models and human subjects. The primary objectives of this review are to provide a better understanding of the disease processes with major emphasis on the use of mouse models, how genetic predisposition plays a role in the natural history of the disease, as well as a presentation of new findings pertaining to the role of T(H)1, T(H)2, and T(H)17 cells in the pathogenesis of SjS.
The XForms Computation Engine: Rationale, Theory and Implementation Experience. (2002)

This paper reports the successful efforts to change the W3C&apos;s next-generation Web forms working draft specification, XForms, from a computation engine architecture based on form-author-specified recalculation order to an automated determination of recalculation order based on optimal graph algorithms. We trace the historical beginnings of these algorithms from Knuth and Tarjan to their first known applications in electronic spreadsheets and XFDL (the first XML-based electronic forms vocabulary). The algorithms are then presented in the context of a detailed example. Also included are the implementation details that were necessary to add the new XForms recalculation engine to the open-source X-Smiles web browser. When compared to an implementation of the approach in earlier XForms drafts, running times were reduced from seconds to instantaneity. Finally, the paper discusses some of the technical challenges encountered when rationalizing the graph algorithms with the properties of XPath and an implementation of XPath.
Gold nanoparticle-decorated MoS2 nanosheets for simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid (2014)

An electrochemical sensor has been developed for simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA) based on a gold nanoparticle-decorated MoS2 nanocomposite (AuNPs@MoS2) modified electrode. The AuNPs@MoS2 nanocomposite has been synthesized by electrodeposition of AuNPs on the MoS2 nanosheets, which possesses better properties than pure AuNPs and MoS2. The AuNPs@MoS2 film modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of AA, DA and UA with three well-resolved oxidation peaks. The peak separation of AA–DA, DA–UA and AA–UA is 151 mV, 137 mV and 288 mV, respectively, which permits the modified electrode to individually or simultaneously analyze AA, DA and UA by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under optimum conditions, the AuNPs@MoS2 modified electrode exhibits linear response toward AA, DA and UA in the range of 50–100 000 μM, 0.05–30 μM and 50–40 000 μM, respectively. Moreover, the MoS2-based modified electrode was successfully employed to determine DA in human serum samples with satisfactory results.
Ion‐Selective Sensors (1970)

Abstract Numerous advances have recently been made in the development of ion‐selective (glass, solid, liquid) membrane electrode systems. The theoretical principles and practical requirements of such “sensors” are outlined in this article, and an attempt is made to review their possible applications.
Cyclic and Polymeric Compounds from the Reactions of Ethylene Mercaptan with Polymethylene Halides (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic and Polymeric Compounds from the Reactions of Ethylene Mercaptan with Polymethylene HalidesN. Beverley Tucker and E. Emmet ReidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 2, 775–781Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1933https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01329a052RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (451 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The human autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. I. Suppression by macrophages and T cells. (1981)

The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) is a proliferative response of T cells to signals from autologous non-T cells. The AMLR has been an enigma to immunologists because spontaneous proliferation of cells removed from the body is usually substantially less than that observed with a strong AMLR. However, the AMLR is thought to represent an important in vitro function, since it has the attributes of other immune responses, and it is abnormal in a variety of disease states thought to have an immune basis. We reasoned that if the AMLR represented a fundamental immune phenomenon, it should be subject to regulation. In the present study, we present evidence for suppression of the AMLR by macrophages and by T cells. Macrophages inhibited the T cell proliferation to (B + null) cells in a dose-dependent fashion and throughout the time course of the AMLR. Elimination of suppressor T cells by a specific antiserum led to an increase in the AMLR, which was again suppressed in a dose-dependent way by addition of the suppressive T cells. It may be concluded that the AMLR itself is subject to immune regulation and that the suppressive influences observed probably strongly inhibit the AMLR in vivo. Removal of the suppressive principles allows the maximal expression of the AMLR in vitro. We believe that our demonstration of regulation of the AMLR should remove the enigma associated with it and lead to a better understanding of normal cell-cell interactions as well as the basis for abnormalities in a variety of immune-mediated diseases.
Online ADMM-Based Extreme Learning Machine for Sparse Supervised Learning (2019)

Sparse learning is an efficient technique for feature selection and avoiding overfitting in machine learning research areas. Considering sparse learning for real-world problems with online learning demands in neural networks, an online sparse supervised learning of extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm is proposed based on alternative direction method of multipliers (ADMM), termed OAL1-ELM. In OAL1-ELM, an ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -regularization penalty is added in loss function for generating a sparse solution to enhance the generalization ability. This convex combinatorial loss function is solved by using ADMM in a distributed way. Furthermore, an improved ADMM is used to reduce computational complexity and to achieve online learning. The proposed algorithm can learn data one-by-one or batch-by-batch. The convergence analysis for the fixed point of the solution is given to show the efficiency and optimality of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain a sparse solution and have strong generalization performance in a wide range of regression tasks, multiclass classification tasks, and a real-world industrial project.
1‐(2‐pyrimidinyl)‐piperazine, a buspirone metabolite, modulates bladder function in the anesthetized rat (2004)

1-PP decreased the number of bladder contractions evoked by the micturition reflex at doses that had little effect on either the pressure developed during each bladd er contraction or on blood pressure. The effects of 1-PP are likely mediated primarily by alpha2 receptor antagonism.
In Memorian: Rafael Muñoz Jiménez (2000)

Sjögren's syndrome is one of the major autoimmune diseases, however infective endocarditis associated with Sjögren's syndrome has not previously been reported. A patient with Sjögren's syndrome associated with aortic valve regurgitation due to infective endocarditis, underwent successful aortic valve replacement. Patients with Sjögren's syndrome tend to be at a higher risk of intraoral infections due to diminished secretion of saliva. Particular care must be taken of Sjögren's syndrome patients as they can also be at an increased risk of infective endocarditis.
Chemokine signaling in inflammation (2000)

The events that lead to an inflammatory response are characterized by recognition of the site of injury by inflammatory cells, specific recruitment of subpopulations of leukocytes into tissue, removal of the offending agent and "debridement" of the injured cells/tissue, and repair of the site of injury with attempts to reestablish normal parenchymal, stromal, and extracellular matrix relationship. The molecular regulation of this complex physiologic process involves the interaction between cell surface, extracellular matrix, and soluble mediators, such as chemokines. Chemokine activities are mediated through G-protein coupled receptors. This is the largest known family of cell-surface receptors, which mediate transmission of stimuli as diverse as hormones, peptides, glycopeptides, and chemokines. In this review, we will focus on the signaling pathways involved in the production and function of chemokines as they relate to the inflammatory response.
Coin Rotation Task (CRT): A New Test of Motor Dexterity (2009)

Coin-rotation task (CRT), a measure of rapid, coordinated finger movements, was devised as a convenient, easily administered bedside test of motor dexterity; however, very little psychometric data exist regarding this task. The current project was undertaken to (a) provide preliminary normative data, (b) examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the task when compared with other standardized motor measures, and (c) examine the diagnostic accuracy of the CRT. The sample of 86 male participants included 60 controls and 26 patients with unilateral lesions of the left (n = 13) and right (n = 13) hemispheres. The CRT was not significantly correlated with age or education; non-adjusted left- and right-hand normative data are provided. The CRT demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity when compared with other standardized motor measures. The CRT was successful in differentiating control and brain damaged groups with mild motor impairment, and demonstrated an overall classification rate of 84.9%. Levels of sensitivity and specificity of the CRT were comparable with or better than other standardized tests of manual dexterity. The CRT offers a valid, quick, and convenient bedside measure of subtle motor impairment.
<title>Active Optics - Don't Build A Telescope Without It!</title> (1982)

An analysis is made of the application of active optics of various degrees of complexity to large ground-based telescopes, using field stars as reference sources. The performance of active compensation systems is evaluated as a function of the number and size of the active zones, reference star magnitude, turbulence strength, and isoplanatic patch size. The results show that for nighttime observations, the average field star distribution allows real-time compensation not only for quasi-static wavefront errors due to optical misalignment and mirror figure, but also for image motion, dome seeing, and some atmospheric turbulence effects. Such compensation is especially valuable under good seeing conditions, when residual errors become a significant factor. It is suggested that all astronomical telescopes could benefit from the use of compensation systems with even a small number of active zones. In large segmented-mirror telescopes, the segments themselves can be used to compensate for random wavefront errors occurring in the entire optical path. In fixed-primary telescopes, the same function may be performed with an auxiliary deformable mirror.
The Effect of Sensor Size on the Performance of Flush-Mounted Hot-Film Sensors (1994)

A parametric study was performed to determine the effect of sensor size on the performance of flush-mounted hot-film sensors, operated using constant-temperature anemometry. Three nickel sensors with surfaces of 12.5 × 125 microns, 25 × 250 microns, and 50 × 500 microns were deposited on glass flat-plate substrates. The frequency response and sensitivity of the sensors were measured using both electrical and flow testing. Electrical testing was performed using both sine and square waves. Flow testing was performed in a shock tube by subjecting the flush-mounted sensors to a shock-induced boundary layer. As the sensor size was decreased, frequency response increased and sensitivity decreased. These trends were observed for both electronic and flow testing conditions.