gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical and Chemical Reduction of Fullerenes C<sub>60</sub> and C<sub>70</sub> Embedded in Cast Films of Artificial Lipids in Aqueous Media (2004)

In this paper, we first describe the electrochemical behavior of C60 and of C70 embedded in films of lipids and cationic amphiphiles on basal-plane pyrolytic graphite (BPG) electrodes in aqueous media. The electrode modifiers used were mainly tridodecylmethylammonium bromide (3C12N+Br-), tetraalkylammonium bromide (4CnN+Br-, n = 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, and 16), and dihexadecyldimethylammonium poly(styrene sulfonate) (2C16N+PSS-). The generated radical monoanions and dianions of C60 and C70 on the electrodes were stable during continuous potential cycling, but the C70 radical monoanion became unstable after the generation of C70•3-, which is not consistent with the behavior of C60. On the basis of the electrolyte dependence, a possible electron-transfer mechanism of fullerenes/lipid (amphiphile)-coated electrodes was presented. Second, a spectroelectrochemical study was conducted for C60/3C12N+Br--modified electrodes, and the results of simultaneous measurements of current and absorbance changes during potential cycling gave direct evidence of the generation of C60•- in aqueous systems. Third, the strong phase-transition-dependent electrochemistry of fullerenes in the films on electrodes was demonstrated in which 2C16N+PSS- and 4CnN+Br- (n = 10, 12, 16) were used as the lipid and amphiphile matrices, respectively. Finally, chemical generation of fullerene radical anions C60•- and C70•- using Na2S2O4 as a reducing reagent at lipid thin films containing C60 or C70 was investigated. Visible−near-IR spectra revealed that C60•- and C70•- were chemically produced in cationic lipid films in aqueous media. All results obtained suggest that the charge of the lipid matrix and the hydrophobic microenvironments in the lipid films play an important role in the generation of anions of C60 and C70 in these film states in aqueous media.
VNect (2017)

We present the first real-time method to capture the full global 3D skeletal pose of a human in a stable, temporally consistent manner using a single RGB camera. Our method combines a new convolutional neural network (CNN) based pose regressor with kinematic skeleton fitting. Our novel fully-convolutional pose formulation regresses 2D and 3D joint positions jointly in real time and does not require tightly cropped input frames. A real-time kinematic skeleton fitting method uses the CNN output to yield temporally stable 3D global pose reconstructions on the basis of a coherent kinematic skeleton. This makes our approach the first monocular RGB method usable in real-time applications such as 3D character control---thus far, the only monocular methods for such applications employed specialized RGB-D cameras. Our method's accuracy is quantitatively on par with the best offline 3D monocular RGB pose estimation methods. Our results are qualitatively comparable to, and sometimes better than, results from monocular RGB-D approaches, such as the Kinect. However, we show that our approach is more broadly applicable than RGB-D solutions, i.e., it works for outdoor scenes, community videos, and low quality commodity RGB cameras.
Effect of Renal Function on the Pharmacokinetics of Enoxaparin and Consequences on Dose Adjustment (2004)

The use of weight-adjusted enoxaparin dosage in patients with renal failure results in increased bleeding complications. The authors investigated the impact of patient-related factors such as renal function on the pharmacokinetics of enoxaparin. Anti-Xa activity was measured in the blood of 60 patients (74 +/- 10 years, body weight 72 +/- 15 kg, men 60%, creatinine clearance 56 +/- 24 mL/min) with acute coronary syndromes receiving subcutaneous administration of enoxaparin. A population-based approach with limited sampling strategy was used. A 1-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination best fitted the data. The mean clearance (CL/F) and distribution volume (V/F) were 0.72 L/h and 6.65 L, respectively. V/F was influenced by body weight. CL/F was mainly related to the renal function, decreasing with increasing levels of serum creatinine, and lower in women than in men. The elimination half-life was thus estimated to be 6.4 and 9.2 hours in male and female patients, respectively. The final covariate submodel was then: [Equation included in full-text article]. Maximal anti-Xa activity was predicted to rise above 1.5 IU/mL in case of mild elevation of serum creatinine according to gender and body weight. Renal function is the main factor affecting enoxaparin pharmacokinetics. In patients with decreased renal function, enoxaparin dose should be adjusted on the basis of body weight, serum creatinine, and gender to reach a target anticoagulation level assessed by maximal anti-Xa activity in steady-state conditions.
STUDIES ON FORMULATIONS OF FENTANYL BUCCAL ADHESIVE TABLETS (1997)

Fentanyl citrate was formulated with some excipients to prepare bioadhesive tablets for buccal use. The influence of HPMC with different adhesive capacity and Carbopol on the adhesive force and in vitro drug release has been studied. A new method for determination of the adhensive force is also reported.
Optimum conditions for heterodyne detection of light* (1975)

The problem of detecting a coherent light beam in the presence of unwanted background radiation by the heterodyne method is examined. For a sufficiently strong local-oscillator field, the detectability of the signal is unaffected by the presence of the background radiation. It is shown that, in general, there exists an optimum receiver size that maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio. This result is illustrated by several examples. A procedure for the detection of a light signal of unknown direction is suggested.
pSILAC mass spectrometry reveals ZFP91 as IMiD-dependent substrate of the CRL4CRBN ubiquitin ligase (2017)

Thalidomide and its derivatives lenalidomide and pomalidomide (IMiDs) are effective treatments of haematologic malignancies. It was shown that IMiDs impart gain-of-function properties to the CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-CRBN (CRL4<sup>CRBN</sup>) ubiquitin ligase that enable binding, ubiquitination and degradation of key therapeutic targets such as IKZF1, IKZF3 and CSNK1A1. While these substrates have been implicated as efficacy targets in multiple myeloma (MM) and 5q deletion associated myelodysplastic syndrome (del(5q)-MDS), other targets likely exist. Using a pulse-chase SILAC mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach, we demonstrate that lenalidomide induces the ubiquitination and degradation of ZFP91. We establish ZFP91 as a bona fide IMiD-dependent CRL4<sup>CRBN</sup> substrate and further show that ZFP91 harbours a zinc finger (ZnF) motif, related to the IKZF1/3 ZnF, critical for IMiD-dependent CRBN binding. These findings demonstrate that single time point pulse-chase SILAC mass spectrometry-based proteomics (pSILAC MS) is a sensitive approach for target identification of small molecules inducing selective protein degradation.
Centriolar Association of ALMS1 and Likely Centrosomal Functions of the ALMS Motif–containing Proteins C10orf90 and KIAA1731 (2010)

Mutations in the human gene ALMS1 cause Alström syndrome, a rare progressive condition characterized by neurosensory degeneration and metabolic defects. ALMS1 protein localizes to the centrosome and has been implicated in the assembly and/or maintenance of primary cilia; however its precise function, distribution within the centrosome, and mechanism of centrosomal recruitment are unknown. The C-terminus of ALMS1 contains a region with similarity to the uncharacterized human protein C10orf90, termed the ALMS motif. Here, we show that a third human protein, the candidate centrosomal protein KIAA1731, contains an ALMS motif and that exogenously expressed KIAA1731 and C10orf90 localize to the centrosome. However, based on deletion analysis of ALMS1, the ALMS motif appears unlikely to be critical for centrosomal targeting. RNAi analyses suggest that C10orf90 and KIAA1731 have roles in primary cilium assembly and centriole formation/stability, respectively. We also show that ALMS1 localizes specifically to the proximal ends of centrioles and basal bodies, where it colocalizes with the centrosome cohesion protein C-Nap1. RNAi analysis reveals markedly diminished centrosomal levels of C-Nap1 and compromised cohesion of parental centrioles in ALMS1-depleted cells. In summary, these data suggest centrosomal functions for C10orf90 and KIAA1731 and new centriole-related functions for ALMS1.
Syntheses and properties of thienyl-substituted dithienophenazines (2010)

A series of dithienophenazines with different lengths of the oligomeric thiophene units (quaterthiophenes and sexithiophenes) was synthesized. The thiophene and phenazine units act as electron donors and acceptors, respectively, resulting in characteristic absorption spectra. The optical spectra were calculated using time-dependent density functional theory at the B3LYP/TZVP level and verify the experimental data. Adsorption of the dithienophenazines on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy, showing that one of the compounds forms highly organized self-assembled monolayers.
Enhanced thermostability of keratinase by computational design and empirical mutation (2013)

Keratinases are proteolytic enzymes capable of degrading insoluble keratins. The importance of these enzymes is being increasingly recognized in fields as diverse as animal feed production, textile processing, detergent formulation, leather manufacture, and medicine. To enhance the thermostability of Bacillus licheniformis BBE11-1 keratinase, the PoPMuSiC algorithm was applied to predict the folding free energy change (ΔΔG) of amino acid substitutions. Use of the algorithm in combination with molecular modification of homologous subtilisin allowed the introduction of four amino acid substitutions (N122Y, N217S, A193P, N160C) into the enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis, and the mutant genes were expressed in Bacillus subtilis WB600. The quadruple mutant displayed synergistic or additive effects with an 8.6-fold increase in the t 1/2 value at 60 °C. The N122Y substitution also led to an approximately 5.6-fold increase in catalytic efficiency compared to that of the wild-type keratinase. These results provide further insight into the thermostability of keratinase and suggest further potential industrial applications.
Nanoscale Positioning of Single‐Photon Emitters in Atomically Thin WSe<sub>2</sub> (2016)

Single-photon emitters in monolayer WSe2 are created at the nanoscale gap between two single-crystalline gold nanorods. The atomically thin semiconductor conforms to the metal nanostructure and is bent at the position of the gap. The induced strain leads to the formation of a localized potential well inside the gap. Single-photon emitters are localized there with a precision better than 140 nm.
Prospective Identification and Treatment of Children With Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated With Group A Streptococcal Infection (PANDAS) (2002)

To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study to confirm that PANDAS is associated with acute GABHS tonsillopharyngitis and responds to appropriate antibiotic therapy at the sentinel episode.
Investigation of the role of 5‐HT<sub>3</sub> and 5‐HT<sub>4</sub> receptors in ascending and descending reflexes to the circular muscle of guinea‐pig small intestine (1994)

1. The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) acting at either 5-HT3 or 5-HT4 receptors plays a significant role in motility reflexes in the guinea-pig small intestine. 2. An isolated segment of small intestine was opened along its mesenteric border and pinned, mucosa uppermost, in a three chambered organ bath so that the oral, middle and anal regions of a single preparation could be separately superfused. 3. Conventional intracellular recording methods were used to monitor the responses of the circular muscle in the oral or the anal end chambers when distension was applied in either of the other two chambers or the mucosal villi were compressed in the middle chamber. Drugs were added to the middle chamber. 4. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (tropisetron, 0.1-10 microM; granisetron, 1 microM and BRL 46470, 1 microM) depressed the ascending excitatory reflex evoked by these stimuli but had no effect on the descending inhibitory reflex. The depression of the excitatory reflex was observed whether the reflex was evoked from the chamber containing the drug or was simply conducted, via interneurones, through this chamber. 5. The 5-HT4 receptor antagonist, SDZ 205-557 (1 microM), had no significant effect on either the ascending or descending reflex pathways. However, 5-HT4 receptors were present as cisapride (0.1 microM) significantly enhanced the ascending excitation without affecting the descending inhibition. This effect of cisapride was converted to a significant depression of the ascending reflex by SDZ 205-557. 6. The results suggest that 5-HT3, but not 5-HT4, receptors play an important role in the ascending excitatory reflex and that these receptors may be on interneurones in the reflex pathway.
The genetics of dilated cardiomyopathy (2010)

Genetic testing is highly useful in the care of patients and families, as it guides diagnosis, influences care and aids in prognosis. However, the large amount of benign human genetic variation may complicate genetic results and often requires a skilled team to accurately interpret the findings.
A Perspective on Deep Imaging (2016)

The combination of tomographic imaging and deep learning, or machine learning in general, promises to empower not only image analysis but also image reconstruction. The latter aspect is considered in this perspective article with an emphasis on medical imaging to develop a new generation of image reconstruction theories and techniques. This direction might lead to intelligent utilization of domain knowledge from big data, innovative approaches for image reconstruction, and superior performance in clinical and preclinical applications. To realize the full impact of machine learning on medical imaging, major challenges must be addressed.
Vision-based vehicle event detection through visual rhythm analysis (2008)

In this paper, a simple and reliable on-road vehicle event detection algorithm is proposed to identify events for vehicle. A virtual line at the same position of a frame is employed to extract visual rhythm. The visual rhythm is a compact representation of a video that captures the temporal information of vehicle status of a coarsely spatially sampled video sequence. By analyzing statistical characteristics of the visual rhythm, the events such as safe distance, passing and lane changing can be effectively detected. The proposed techniques can prevent accidents and improve traffic safety by monitoring the alertness of drivers, augmenting vision fields to prevent collision. The proposed system is efficient both in terms of computational complexity and memory requirements. Experimental results show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed system for intelligent transport system.
Dopaminergic and serotonergic activities of imidazoquinolinones and related compounds (1992)

The synthesis of 5-(dipropylamino)-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5,1-ij] quinolin-2(1H)-one (5), a potent dopamine D2 agonist showing high dopamine/serotonin (5HT1A) selectivity, is described. Dopaminergic activity is associated with the (R)-enantiomer of 5; the (S)-enantiomer shows no dopaminergic activity. A series of analogues where the imidazolone ring was modified to various 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic rings were prepared. Some of these compounds showed a combination of dopaminergic and serotonergic activity, while one compound, 6-(dipropylamino)-1,2,6,7-tetrahydro-3H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1- ij]quinazolin-3-one (24), was a selective serotonergic agonist. Various analogues of 5 where the dipropylamine substituent was modified were prepared. Most of these showed reduced dopaminergic activity, while several were as potent as 5 at the serotonin 5HT1A receptor. Orientations for the new compounds at dopamine and serotonin receptors are proposed and compared with those of other tricyclic ligands known to have high affinity at these receptors.
A 17 mW, 2.5 GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer for CDMA-2000 (2001)

A 2.5 GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer in 0.5- µm 15-GHz f t BiCMOS employs one-bit 4th-order ΣΔ modulator with multiple feedback and pulse-swallowed dual-modulus divider, resulting in simple architecture, less sensitivity to PLL nonlinearities, and lower out-of-band phase noise. Measurements, with a 3rd-order LPF, show -139 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1.2 MHz offset from carrier frequency of 1643 MHz and less than -87 dBc in-band fractional spurs. It consumes 5.5 mA at 3 V.
Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women as determined by prior oral contraceptive use. (1993)

The long-term consequences of prior oral contraceptive use for bone mineral density were examined in 239 postmenopausal women, 35.1% of whom reported prior oral contraceptive use. Women who had used oral contraceptives for 6 or more years had significantly higher bone densities of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, but not of the ultradistal wrist or radius, than women who never used oral contraceptives.
GPU Gems: Programming Techniques, Tips and Tricks for Real-Time Graphics (2004)

GPU Gems has won a prestigious Front Line Award from Game Developer Magazine. The Front Line Awards recognize products that enable faster and more efficient game development, advancing the state of the art.FULL COLOR THROUGHOUT! “This collection of articles is particularly impressive for its depth and breadth. The book includes product-oriented case studies, previously unpublished state-of-the-art research, comprehensive tutorials, and extensive code samples and demos throughout.” -Eric Haines, Author of Real-Time Rendering “GPU Gems is a cool toolbox of advanced graphics techniques. Novice programmers and graphics gurus alike will find the Gems practical, intriguing and useful.” -Tim Sweeney, Lead Programmer of Unreal at Epic Games GPU Gems is a compilation of articles covering practical real-time graphics techniques arising from the research and practice of cutting-edge developers. It focuses on the programmable graphics pipeline available in today's graphics processing units (GPUs) and highlights quick and dirty tricks used by leading developers, as well as fundamental, performance-conscious techniques for creating advanced visual effects. The contributors and editors, collectively, bring countless years of experience to enlighten and propel the reader into the fascinating world of programmable real-time graphics.Major topics covered include: Natural effects Lighting and shadows Materials Image processing Performance and practicalities Beyond triangles Contributors are from the following universities and corporations: Alias Systems Brown University Croteam Cyan Worlds Hochschule Bremen Industrial Light & Magic iXBT.com Monolith Productions New York University Novarama NVIDIA Paralelo Computacao Piranha Bytes Pixar Animation Studios Siemens Medical Solutions Softimage Co. Softlab-NSK Sony Pictures Imageworks Stanford University UC Davis UNC-Chapel Hill Universitat Pompeu Fabra University of Utah University of Waterloo The accompanying CD-ROM includes complementary examples and sample programs.
Review: there is insufficient evidence for naltrexone maintenance treatment in opioid dependence (2003)

Kirchmayer U, Davoli M, Verster A et al. A systematic review on the efficacy of naltrexone maintenance treatment in opioid dependence. Addiction2002 Oct; 97 : 1241 –9 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] QUESTION: How effective is naltrexone maintenance treatment for preventing relapse in people addicted to opoids? Systematic review with meta-analysis. Studies were identified using Medline (1973–July 2000), EMBASE (1974–July 2000), the Cochrane Collaboration Trial register (issue 2, 2002), the Drug and Alcohol Specialised Registry (July 2000) and reference lists of included studies. Pharmaceutical companies and experts in the field were contacted for additional trials. Studies were selected using Cochrane Collaboration criteria. Randomised controlled trials or controlled clinical trials published in English, German or Italian between 1973 and February 2002 were eligible if they compared naltrexone maintenance treatment after opiate detoxification with placebo, pharmacological or behavioural interventions. The 11 studies included were heterogeneous. They included 707 inpatients and outpatients, mostly male. Oral naltrexone varied from daily … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAddiction%2B%2528Abingdon%252C%2BEngland%2529%26rft.stitle%253DAddiction%26rft.aulast%253DKirchmayer%26rft.auinit1%253DU.%26rft.volume%253D97%26rft.issue%253D10%26rft.spage%253D1241%26rft.epage%253D1249%26rft.atitle%253DA%2Bsystematic%2Breview%2Bon%2Bthe%2Befficacy%2Bof%2Bnaltrexone%2Bmaintenance%2Btreatment%2Bin%2Bopioid%2Bdependence.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1046%252Fj.1360-0443.2002.00217.x%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12359026%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00217.x&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12359026&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmental%2F6%2F2%2F57.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000178387400003&link_type=ISI
Quantitation of soy-derived phytoestrogens in human breast tissue and biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography (2003)

A new and reliable HPLC method for the quantitation of daidzein, equol, and genistein in human breast tissue has been developed. The method was applied to biopsies from women undergoing breast reductions, who, prior to surgery, had ingested either a soy isoflavone preparation or a placebo tablet. The results were compared with data collected for urine and serum of the same subjects using standard methods. The limits of detection in the breast tissue homogenate were 24.7 nmol/l for daidzein, 148.0 nmol/l for equol, and 28.4 nmol/l for genistein (SIN of 3). The chromatographic limits of quantitation were 62.5 nmol/l for daidzein and genistein, and 125.0 nmol/l for equol, for which the accuracies were 86.0%, 83.6%, and 81.8%, respectively. The coefficients of variation of these measurements were all below 20% (11.1% for daidzein, 16.4% for genistein, and 13.2% for equol). The sample preparation comprised a concentration step and the absolute limits of quantitation were, therefore, 4.7 nmol/l, 18.8 nmol/l, and 0.94 nmol/l for daidzein and genistein, and 9.4 nmol/l, 37.5 nmol/l, and 1.9 nmol/l for equol in urine, serum, and breast tissue homogenate, respectively. Recoveries were between 70% (±5.6%) in breast tissue homogenate and 100% (±14.1%) in urine and serum for all three compounds. Equol (less than 1 μmol/l homogenate) was found to be the predominant phytoestrogen in breast tissue and its concentrations exceeded those in serum. The concentrations of phytoestrogens were at least 100-fold higher in urine than in serum and breast tissue.