gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the urethane‐epoxy reaction product (1962)

Abstract The probable molecular structure resulting from a reaction of equal parts of a Bisphenol A/Epichlorohydrin epoxy and a Tolylene Diisocyanate Prepolymer with a selected diamine has been identified by using spectrometry. This identification presents additional opportunities for attaching other complex molecules to either of the basic resins. Not only can this technique lead to an interesting family of hybrid plastics, but it is another step toward designing specific molecules for specific applications.
High efficiency hydrogen evolution from native biomass electrolysis (2015)

A novel approach for directly producing hydrogen using an electrolysis method from almost all native biomasses was reported.
Phosphor selection constraints in application of gated field-emission microcathodes to flat panel displays (1994)

The major issues and tradeoffs surrounding phosphor selection for field-emission flat panel displays are identified. The two main classes of commercially available phosphors applicable to flat panel displays are contrasted, and the major physical, electrical, chemical and optical factors effecting phosphor selection are discussed. The implications of screen layering designs and cathode materials are described as they relate to phosphor characteristics. Resolution requirements for displays severely limits the maximum anode voltage, which in turn forces specific phosphor choices. Possible solutions to these limitations are explored.
Amplification of DNA sequences in wheat and its relatives: the Dgas44 and R350 families of repetitive sequences (1994)

The sequence of a Triticum tauschii genomic clone representing a family of D-genome amplified DNA sequences, designated Dgas44, is reported. The Dgas44 sequence occurs on all chromosomes of the D genome of wheat, Triticum aestivum, and in situ hybridization revealed it to be evenly dispersed on all seven chromosome pairs. An internal HindIII fragment of Dgas44, designated Dgas44-3, defines the highly amplified region that is specific to the D genome. The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify a 236-bp fragment within Dgas44-3 from chromosomes 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, and 7D, and identical copies of this region of the Dgas44-3 sequence were found among the isolates from each of the chromosomes. The Dgas44-3 sequence population from specific chromosomes differed on average by 0.22% from the original Dgas44 sequence. The Dgas44 sequence was found to differentiate between the D genome present in T. aestivum, T. tauschii, hexaploid T. crassum, T. cylindricum, T. ventricosum, in which the sequence was present in a highly amplified form and T. juvenale, T. syriacum, and tetraploid T. crassum where the sequence family was difficult to detect. Another class of amplified sequences previously considered to be rye "specific." R350, was isolated from tetraploid wheat and its dispersed distribution on chromosomes was similar to the Dgas44 family in T. tauschii. In contrast with the Dgas44 sequence family, genome specificity for the remnant R350 sequence family was not evident since it was present on all wheat chromosomes.
Enhancement of fruit shelf life by suppressing<i>N</i>-glycan processing enzymes (2010)

In a globalized economy, the control of fruit ripening is of strategic importance because excessive softening limits shelf life. Efforts have been made to reduce fruit softening in transgenic tomato through the suppression of genes encoding cell wall-degrading proteins. However, these have met with very limited success. N-glycans are reported to play an important role during fruit ripening, although the role of any particular enzyme is yet unknown. We have identified and targeted two ripening-specific N-glycoprotein modifying enzymes, alpha-mannosidase (alpha-Man) and beta-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase (beta-Hex). We show that their suppression enhances fruit shelf life, owing to the reduced rate of softening. Analysis of transgenic tomatoes revealed approximately 2.5- and approximately 2-fold firmer fruits in the alpha-Man and beta-Hex RNAi lines, respectively, and approximately 30 days of enhanced shelf life. Overexpression of alpha-Man or beta-Hex resulted in excessive fruit softening. Expression of alpha-Man and beta-Hex is induced by the ripening hormone ethylene and is modulated by a regulator of ripening, rin (ripening inhibitor). Furthermore, transcriptomic comparative studies demonstrate the down-regulation of cell wall degradation- and ripening-related genes in RNAi fruits. It is evident from these results that N-glycan processing is involved in ripening-associated fruit softening. Genetic manipulation of N-glycan processing can be of strategic importance to enhance fruit shelf life, without any negative effect on phenotype, including yield.
Intersex Red Claw Crayfish, <i>Cherax quadricarinatus</i> (von Martens): Functional Males with Pre-vitellogenic Ovaries (1996)

Intersex individuals, possessing both male and female genital openings, were assessed in two groups-7 and 19 months old-of Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). All intersex individuals investigated were functional males, as suggested by their malelike morphology and the presence of testes, sperm ducts, androgenic glands, and viable spermatozoa. When an ovary was present in an intersex individual from either group, the gonadosomatic index, the diameter of the oocytes, and the ovarian cytosolic polypeptide profile were similar to those of immature, pre-vitellogenic females. We conclude that intersexuality in C. quadricarinatus does not indicate a case of protandric sequential hermaphroditism, as previously suggested. The case of intersexuality described here presents a unique model for the study of the role of the androgenic gland in the regulation of sex differentiation in crustaceans.
Computational Study of Adsorption and Separation of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub> by an <i>rht</i>-Type Metal–Organic Framework (2012)

In this work, a computational study is performed to evaluate the adsorption-based separation of CO(2) from flue gas (mixtures of CO(2) and N(2)) and natural gas (mixtures of CO(2) and CH(4)) using microporous metal organic framework Cu-TDPAT as a sorbent material. The results show that electrostatic interactions can greatly enhance the separation efficiency of this MOF for gas mixtures of different components. Furthermore, the study also suggests that Cu-TDPAT is a promising material for the separation of CO(2) from N(2) and CH(4), and its macroscopic separation behavior can be elucidated on a molecular level to give insight into the underlying mechanisms. On the basis of the single-component CO(2), N(2), and CH(4) isotherms, binary mixture adsorption (CO(2)/N(2) and CO(2)/CH(4)) and ternary mixture adsorption (CO(2)/N(2)/CH(4)) were predicted using the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). The effect of H(2)O vapor on the CO(2) adsorption selectivity and capacity was also examined. The applicability of IAST to this system was validated by performing GCMC simulations for both single-component and mixture adsorption processes.
Detection of nitrogen atoms in flames using two-photon laser-induced fluorescence and investigations of photochemical effects (1991)

Nitrogen atoms, in a flame or produced by photodissociation of nitrogen-containing molecules, were excited through a two-photon absorption process at 211 nm, and the near IR fluorescence was detected. Both in flame and in photodissociation experiments of cold gases, fluorescence, which was resonantly enhanced at the atomic nitrogen wavelength but which originated from excited oxygen atoms, was also identified. This phenomenon, the photochemical effects and those of molecular absorption, stimulated emission, and the mixing of gases are discussed in connection with the detection of atomic nitrogen in flames.
Computational analysis of the relationship between allergenicity and digestibility of allergenic proteins in simulated gastric fluid (2007)

The results suggest that it is better to classify allergens into ACS and NACS types when understanding the relationship between their digestibility and allergenicity and the digestibility of a target foreign protein is a parameter for evaluating its allergenicity during safety assessments of GM food.
Remodeling Phenotype of Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Macrophages (2008)

The present results showed that the ATMs that accumulate with fat mass development exhibit a particular M2 remodeling phenotype. ATMs may be active players in the process of AT development through the extension of the capillary network and in the genesis of obesity-associated cardiovascular pathologies.
Next-Generation Multisensor Seismic-While-Drilling Technology (2006)

Abstract Seismic While Drilling (SWD) technology provides a means to properly locate a well path with respect to depth and seismic travel time in order that the driller can effectively guide the bit toward a seismically-defined target. SWD can also facilitate drilling decisions such as setting coring and casing points, avoiding drilling hazards, and identifying overpressure-zones . Accurate and reliable SWD tools must address at least two main issues: sensor coupling/fidelity, and precision timing. These issues must be addressed within the framework of the drilling environment, whose rigors impose significant constraints on the design and mounting of the seismic sensors and on the accuracy of the clock. A next-generation SWD tool has been developed that addresses coupling issues through the deployment of multiple, multi-axis sensors, including ruggedized geophones, seismic accelerometers, and hydrophones, in combination with a novel, highly accurate clock and contingent surface systems. This paper investigates the performance of the new tool design and presents the results of field tests and operations in which seismic data were acquired using multiple sensors and types of sensors in various types of formations and in deviated boreholes. The data acquired while drilling are compared to baseline commercial wireline VSP measurements in order to verify that the system provides accuracy comparable to that of a standard commercial wireline.
Association of Audio and Video Segmentations for Automatic Person Indexing (2007)

In the audiovisual indexing context, we propose and experiment a method that, from an audio speaker segmentation and a video costume segmentation made on an audiovisual document, makes an automatic association between each voice and the images containing the corresponding visual person. This association can be used as a preprocessing step for existing applications like person identification systems. The first step consists in fusing, without any a priori knowledge, the two indexes produced by audio and video segmentations, in order to make the information brought by each of them more robust. Evaluation is done on a corpus composed of French TV broadcasts. If both audio and video streams are correctly segmented, this automatic association yields excellent results. When the two streams are oversegmented, our system permits to detect the main persons in term of duration of appearance.
Plastoquinol at the quinol oxidation site of reduced cytochrome <i>bf</i> mediates signal transduction between light and protein phosphorylation: Thylakoid protein kinase deactivation by a single-turnover flash (1997)

Redox-controlled phosphorylation of thylakoid membrane proteins represents a unique system for the regulation of light energy utilization in photosynthesis. The molecular mechanisms for this process remain unknown, but current views suggest that the plastoquinone pool directly controls the activation of the kinase. On the basis of enzyme activation by a pH shift in the darkness combined with flash photolysis, EPR, and optical spectroscopy we propose that activation occurs when plastoquinol occupies the quinol-oxidation (Qo) site of the cytochrome bf complex, having its high-potential path components in a reduced state. A linear correlation between kinase activation and accessibility of the Qo site to plastoquinol was established by quantification of the shift in the g(y) EPR signal of the Rieske Fe-S center resulting from displacement of the Qo-site plastoquinol by a quinone analog. Activity persists as long as one plastoquinol per cytochrome bf is still available. Withdrawal of one electron from this plastoquinol after a single-turnover flash exciting photosystem I leads to deactivation of the kinase parallel with a decrease in the g(z) EPR signal of the reduced Rieske Fe-S center. Cytochrome f, plastocyanin, and P(700) are rereduced after the flash, indicating that the plastoquinol at the Qo site is limiting in maintaining the kinase activity. These results give direct evidence for a functional cytochrome bf-kinase interaction, analogous to a signal transduction system where the cytochrome bf is the receptor and the ligand is the plastoquinol at the Qo site.
Ferroelectric Copolymers of Vinylidenefluoride and Trifluoroethylene with a Large Electromechanical Coupling Factor (1982)

A large electromechanical coupling factor k t of about 0.3 has been found in vinylidenefluoride and trifluoroethylene copolymers containing 70–80 mol% VDF. These copolymers exhibit clear ferroelectric behavior. The strong piezoelectricity and distinctive ferroelectricity are attributable to high crystallinity, strong preferred orientation, and reduced conformational defects in crystallites, which are induced by annealing and successive or simultaneous poling. The polarization is inferred to grow through rotation of the polar axis by n π/3 about the molecular axis ( c -axis) under an external electric field above the coercive field.
Blood Group Genetics (2005)

Abstract Blood groups are antigenic determinants on blood cells that represent inherited variation of the proteins, glycoproteins and glycolipids that are exposed at the cell surface. Most of the genes encoding blood group antigens, either directly or indirectly, have been cloned and the molecular bases for many of the polymorphisms are known.
Measuring surface variations with the scanning electron microscope using deposited contamination lines (1971)

A technique is described using deposited contamination lines that makes the measurement of specimen surface variations with a scanning electron microscope a comparatively simple task. Scanning electron micrographs are presented demonstrating the application of the technique.
Direct Energy-Transfer Studies on Doped and Labeled Polymer Latex Particles (1988)

We have used the direct energy-transfer method to study the internal morphology of a nonaqueous-dispersion-polymerization latex. These 1-\ensuremath{\mu}m particles contain 97 mol% poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and 3 mol% polyisobutylene (PIB). Phenanthrene (donor) and anthracene (acceptor) were doped selectively into the PIB phase. These dyes sample length scales up to 34 \AA{} and indicate an "effective local dimension" $\overline{d}=2$, a result which conveys important information about the PIB phase in this material.
<scp>Q</scp> atar, Corrections in (2017)

Abstract The State of Qatar has several prisons and detention centers. Qatar is a Muslim country, which abides by Shari'a law, and has many immigrant prisoners. Although the population of incarcerated individuals is not very high, many rehabilitative and job training programs are provided. There is not a lot of specific information about the correctional system in Qatar that is disclosed.
<i>Synchronization: A Universal Concept in Nonlinear Science</i> (2002)

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Symplastic spermatids (sys): a recessive insertional mutation in mice causing a defect in spermatogenesis. (1990)

A line of transgenic mice that carries an insertional mutation in a gene essential for spermatogenesis is described. Males homozygous for the transgenic insert are sterile, while female homozygotes and both male and female heterozygotes exhibit normal fertility. Developing spermatids in homozygous males form prominent abnormal multinucleated syncytia (symplasts) and do not complete maturation. In addition, abnormal cytoplasmic vacuolation is commonly seen in Sertoli cells. One flank of the transgenic integration site within the genome has been cloned and used to show linkage between homozygosity for the transgene and the mutant phenotype. The flank maps to mouse chromosome 14 approximately 4 centimorgans proximal to the gene encoding esterase-10 (Es-10). As no other gene that is known to be essential for spermatogenesis has been mapped to this region of the genome and as the mutant phenotype is unique, the transgenic insert appears to affect a previously unidentified gene. We have named the mutation "symplastic spermatids" (sys).
Concept and construction of an interactive movie system (2000)

The interactive movie is a new medium that is created by combining new trends in movies, communications, and games. The interactive movie creates a cyberspace that is full of presence using CG and 3D vision, and gives us the sensation that we are actually in the space and playing the game. In that space, we can experience a story when we interact with characters in the movie. This paper describes the basic concept, system configuration, and an example of interactive movie story. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 31(3): 94–103, 2000
Sequence of a transposon identified as Tn1000 (γδ) (1995)

We report the complete sequence of a transposon found in a cosmid clone of a human DNA sequence. The transposon is identified as the Escherichia coli transposon Tn1000 (also known as gamma delta) on the basis of the identity of the restriction map of the new sequence with that previously recorded for Tn1000 and homology between parts of the new sequence and that of published fragments of Tn1000 sequence. The transposon, which comprises 5,981 nucleotides including two 35 bp inverted terminal repeat sequences (ITRs), contains three open reading frames. The sequence of the resolvase coding region (tnpR) is identical to that published by others. A second reading frame can be identified as the tnpA gene, coding for the transposase, on the grounds of its strong homology with the corresponding gene from transposon Tn3. The third reading frame has the potential to code for a protein of unknown function containing 698 amino acids.
Trust (2014)

Technique and technology are important, but adding trust is the issue of the decade.
自然的孔 transesophageal thoracoscopic 外科: 当前的状态的评论 (2010)

Since the concept of Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery(NOTES) was introduced,it has continued to gain significantly in popularity and enthusiasm for its potential clinical applications.The ability to perform conventional laparoscopic and thoracoscopic procedures without the creation of scars and perhaps faster and less painful recovery has prompted a worldwide devotion to further this field.While intraabdominal NOTES has rapidly transitioned from animal models to human trials,applying the NOTES concept to perform thoracic procedures has been slower to gain momentum.The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of transesophageal NOTES thoracoscopy by looking at its potential for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions as well as the challenges in transitioning to human trials.
Reaction of Acetaldehyde with Proteins: Formation of Stable Fluorescent Adducts (1993)

The properties of stable acetaldehyde-protein adducts, using bovine serum albumin as a model protein, were investigated. Upon prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4, the reaction of acetaldehyde and albumin yielded stable adducts that exhibited fluorescent properties. Reaction mixtures of acetaldehyde with polylysine or ethylamine also formed fluorescent products with similar fluorescent spectral properties like acetaldehyde-albumin adducts, indicating that the amino groups of protein alone can generate fluorescent products on reaction with acetaldehyde. When reactions of acetaldehyde with albumin or polylysine were conducted at 22 degrees C, stable binding reached a maximum after 24 hr of incubation and essentially remained at this level during the remaining 216 hr of incubation, and minimal-to-no fluorescence was associated with this binding. At 37 degrees C, stable binding was greater and increased continuously over the entire 216 hr of incubation. After an initial lag period of 24 to 48 hr, increases in fluorescence intensity paralleled the increases in stable binding. The presence of sodium cyanoborohydride, which reduces Schiff bases, in the reaction mixtures prevented fluorescence, indicating that Schiff bases are intermediates in the formation of fluorescent products. Both stable binding and fluorescence intensities were minimally affected by exhaustive dialysis (up to 144 hr), indicating that the fluorescent products were quite stable. These results suggest that an initial reaction of a Schiff base with another acetaldehyde molecule via an aldol condensation reaction gives rise to the formation of a crotonaldehyde Schiff base derivative. This reactive intermediate could then undergo further condensation reactions and form advanced conjugated products, some of which could be fluorescent.
MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS FOR LOCATION BASED SERVICES (2004)

Location based services assist people in their decision-making during the performance of tasks in space and time. Current services support simple spatial queries, such as finding the shortest path between two locations or the nearest restaurant from the current location of the user. Three major limitations of present location based services are their insufficiencies in considering individual user preferences, time constraints, and possible subtasks. This paper focuses on the problem of personalization by demonstrating an approach that represents user preferences in a qualitative way and uses them as input for multi-criteria decision analysis. This underlines our key point that location based services should act as personal spatial (and temporal) decision support services for their users. A traveler scenario is used as a case study.
Adaptive Critic Designs for Optimal Control of Power Systems (2006)

The increasing complexity of the modern power grid highlights the need for advanced modeling and control techniques for effective control of excitation, turbine and flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). The crucial factors affecting the modern power systems today is voltage and load flow control. Simulation studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment and realtime laboratory experimental studies carried out are described and the results show the successful control of the power system elements and the entire power system with adaptive and optimal neurocontrol schemes. Performances of the neurocontrollers are compared with the conventional PI controllers for damping under different operating conditions for small and large disturbances