gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Explicit Semantic Ranking for Academic Search via Knowledge Graph Embedding (2017)

This paper introduces Explicit Semantic Ranking (ESR), a new ranking technique that leverages knowledge graph embedding. Analysis of the query log from our academic search engine, SemanticScholar.org, reveals that a major error source is its inability to understand the meaning of research concepts in queries. To addresses this challenge, ESR represents queries and documents in the entity space and ranks them based on their semantic connections from their knowledge graph embedding. Experiments demonstrate ESR's ability in improving Semantic Scholar's online production system, especially on hard queries where word-based ranking fails.
Evaluation of Residual Clubfoot Deformities Using Gait Analysis (1995)

Gait analysis was used to evaluate 15 patients who had previously undergone clubfoot surgery. Because six patients had had bilateral surgery, 21 feet had undergone previous clubfoot surgery. Three of the operated feet had no residual deformity. In the remaining 18 feet, the reason for referral was intoeing in 13, calcaneovalgus in three, hindfoot varus in one, and supination/adduction in one. Clinical assessment and information from the gait analysis were used to establish a treatment plan. Satisfactory treatment outcome was achieved in 13 patients, one result was unsatisfactory, and one result was undetermined.
Investigation of Deep Mine Shaft Stability in Alternating Hard and Soft Rock Strata Using Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling (2018)

The problem of shaft instability has always been a major difficulty in deep mining practices. The shaft fracture has a high probability of being located near the aquifers and the soft–hard rock contact zone. This paper describes the deformation and stress characteristics of surrounding rock and the shaft lining under the interactive geological conditions under soft and hard rock strata in Anju coal mine, Shandong Province, China. Using the Method of Geological Strength Index (GSI ) and considering the rock-softening characteristics of water, the parameters of rock mass are calibrated. By means of the 3DEC-trigon method, the variation characteristics of surrounding rock and the shaft lining are simulated. After shaft excavation, under the condition of no support, shear failure and tensile failure occur in shallow surrounding rock shafts, and a pressure relief zone is formed. Shear failure is the main destruction mode in deep surrounding rock. Because of the different strengths of the surrounding rock, the deformation of the surrounding rock is significantly different. After the surrounding rock is softened by water absorption, the difference is magnified. The maximum shear stress and plastic zone appear near the interface between soft and hard rock. Under the condition of shaft lining support, uneven deformation of surrounding rock surely leads to nonlinear variation of pressure on the shaft lining. Under the action of an inhomogeneous pressure field, partial shear failure occurs in the shaft lining, and the shear failure area increases after the surrounding rock is softened by water. Because of the nonlinear deformation of the shaft lining, it is easy to produce stress concentration and bending moment near the interface between hard and soft strata. The control methods of advance grouting and pressure relief excavation are proposed to improve the stability of the shaft, and a good effect is gained.
Let's Make Block Coordinate Descent Go Fast: Faster Greedy Rules, Message-Passing, Active-Set Complexity, and Superlinear Convergence (2017)

Block coordinate descent (BCD) methods are widely-used for large-scale numerical optimization because of their cheap iteration costs, low memory requirements, amenability to parallelization, and ability to exploit problem structure. Three main algorithmic choices influence the performance of BCD methods: the block partitioning strategy, the block selection rule, and the block update rule. In this paper we explore all three of these building blocks and propose variations for each that can lead to significantly faster BCD methods. We (i) propose new greedy block-selection strategies that guarantee more progress per iteration than the Gauss-Southwell rule; (ii) explore practical issues like how to implement the new rules when using variable blocks; (iii) explore the use of message-passing to compute matrix or Newton updates efficiently on huge blocks for problems with a sparse dependency between variables; and (iv) consider optimal manifold identification, which leads to bounds on the active set complexity of BCD methods and leads to superlinear convergence for certain problems with sparse solutions (and in some cases finite termination at an optimal solution). We support all of our findings with numerical results for the classic machine learning problems of least squares, logistic regression, multi-class logistic regression, label propagation, and L1-regularization.
Mechanism of the Gibbs Reaction. Part 4.<sup>1</sup> Indophenol Formation via <i>N</i>-Chlorobenzoquinone Imine Radical Anions. The Aza-S<sub>RN</sub>2 Chain Reaction Mechanism. Chain Initiation with 1,4-Benzoquinones and Cyanide Ion (1999)

The mechanism of the Gibbs reaction, a colorimetric phenol assay that applies N-chlorobenzoquinone imines 1 in an aqueous basic medium, was investigated. It is concluded that N-chloroimine radical anion 7 generated in a single electron transfer (SET) from the anion of phenol 4 to N-chloroimine 1 can produce indophenol dye 3 in three distinct routes. For more reactive reagent-substrate pairs, a route is proposed that involves a fast combination of the radical pair in the solvent cage and, consequently, the total rate of which exhibits a pH-independent second-order kinetics, as does the preceding SET itself. For less reactive reagents, a route is proposed in which the N-chloroimine radical anion 7 escapes from the solvent cage to initiate a chain reaction, evidenced by its characteristic kinetics. It has been found in the kinetic experiments that during propagation the chlorine of the chain carrier N-chloroimine radical anion 7 is substituted by the anion of 4 in a bimolecular rate-determining step. Therefore, the mechanism of the chain reaction is termed S(RN)2. In the case when the anion of 4 is less active, a competitive reaction along a third route can proceed in which the N-haloimine radical anion 7 yields benzoquinone imine 6 by the elimination of halogenide and the abstraction of an H-atom from the medium. Compound 6 is also known to give indophenol 3 with a second-order but pH-dependent rate that is considerably faster than the rate in the first route. On the basis of the different kinetic characteristics outlined above a clear distinction can be made among these three pathways. In this paper, evidence is also presented for the initiating SET. Furthermore, it is of high importance that the N-haloimine radical anion 7 can also be generated from reagent 1 using external electron donors and, independently of its origin, it can be spin trapped with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl.
A Review of Embedded Automotive Protocols (2017)

Since the 1970s, there has been an exponential increase in the number of electronic systems that have gradually replaced those that are purely mechanical or hydraulic. The growing performance and reliability of hardware components and the possibilities brought about by software technologies enabled implementing complex functions that improve the comfort of the vehicle’s occupants as well as their safety. In particular, one of the main purposes of electronic systems is to assist the driver to control the vehicle through functions related to the steering, traction (i.e., control of the driving torque), or braking such as the antilock braking system (ABS), electronic stability 4_2program (ESP), electric power steering (EPS), active suspensions, or engine control. Another reason for using electronic systems is to control devices in the body of a vehicle such as lights, wipers, doors, windows, and, recently, entertainment and communication equipments (e.g., radio, DVD, hands-free phones, and navigation systems).
A Versatile Method for Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Nitrogen Heterocycles (2006)

Eine umfassende Studie zu Suzuki-Reaktionen mit Stickstoffheterocyclen wird vorgestellt (siehe Schema; dba=Dibenzylidenaceton, Cy=Cyclohexyl). Die Methode ist vielseitig (ein einziges Verfahren für alle Substrate einschließlich Boronatester und Trifluorborate), auf Substrate mit ungeschützten funktionellen Gruppen (NH2 und OH) anwendbar und auch für nichtaktivierte Arylchloride geeignet. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z503479_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Feature extraction in image analysis. A program for facilitating data reduction in medical image classification (1997)

Images are important for many biomedical applications. Here, the authors focus on the feature-extraction part of the image analysis process. The following topics are dealt with: feature vectors and feature spaces; binary object features; histogram features; color features; spectral features; feature extraction using CVIPtools; analysis/preprocessing.
Efficient computation of robust low-rank matrix approximations in the presence of missing data using the L<inf>1</inf> norm (2010)

The calculation of a low-rank approximation of a matrix is a fundamental operation in many computer vision applications. The workhorse of this class of problems has long been the Singular Value Decomposition. However, in the presence of missing data and outliers this method is not applicable, and unfortunately, this is often the case in practice. In this paper we present a method for calculating the low-rank factorization of a matrix which minimizes the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm in the presence of missing data. Our approach represents a generalization the Wiberg algorithm of one of the more convincing methods for factorization under the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> norm. By utilizing the differentiability of linear programs, we can extend the underlying ideas behind this approach to include this class of L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> problems as well. We show that the proposed algorithm can be efficiently implemented using existing optimization software. We also provide preliminary experiments on synthetic as well as real world data with very convincing results.
Chromosome 2 Sequence of the Human Malaria Parasite<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (1998)

Chromosome 2 of Plasmodium falciparum was sequenced; this sequence contains 947,103 base pairs and encodes 210 predicted genes. In comparison with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, chromosome 2 has a lower gene density, introns are more frequent, and proteins are markedly enriched in nonglobular domains. A family of surface proteins, rifins, that may play a role in antigenic variation was identified. The complete sequencing of chromosome 2 has shown that sequencing of the A+T-rich P. falciparum genome is technically feasible.
A versatile optical system for metrology and defects inspection of 3D integration processes (2012)

3D Integration of miniaturized systems at wafer level generates new needs of metrology and defects inspection for the control of temporary or permanent wafer bonding, of wafer thinning, of via interconnects technology and of wafer/die stacks. In this paper we demonstrate the capabilities of a versatile optical measurement system combining several microscopy and interferometry techniques in the visible and near infrared wavelength range.
On a PCA-based lung motion model (2011)

Respiration-induced organ motion is one of the major uncertainties in lung cancer radiotherapy and is crucial to be able to accurately model the lung motion. Most work so far has focused on the study of the motion of a single point (usually the tumor center of mass), and much less work has been done to model the motion of the entire lung. Inspired by the work of Zhang et al (2007 Med. Phys. 34 4772-81), we believe that the spatiotemporal relationship of the entire lung motion can be accurately modeled based on principle component analysis (PCA) and then a sparse subset of the entire lung, such as an implanted marker, can be used to drive the motion of the entire lung (including the tumor). The goal of this work is twofold. First, we aim to understand the underlying reason why PCA is effective for modeling lung motion and find the optimal number of PCA coefficients for accurate lung motion modeling. We attempt to address the above important problems both in a theoretical framework and in the context of real clinical data. Second, we propose a new method to derive the entire lung motion using a single internal marker based on the PCA model. The main results of this work are as follows. We derived an important property which reveals the implicit regularization imposed by the PCA model. We then studied the model using two mathematical respiratory phantoms and 11 clinical 4DCT scans for eight lung cancer patients. For the mathematical phantoms with cosine and an even power (2n) of cosine motion, we proved that 2 and 2n PCA coefficients and eigenvectors will completely represent the lung motion, respectively. Moreover, for the cosine phantom, we derived the equivalence conditions for the PCA motion model and the physiological 5D lung motion model (Low et al 2005 Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 63 921-9). For the clinical 4DCT data, we demonstrated the modeling power and generalization performance of the PCA model. The average 3D modeling error using PCA was within 1 mm (0.7 ± 0.1 mm). When a single artificial internal marker was used to derive the lung motion, the average 3D error was found to be within 2 mm (1.8 ± 0.3 mm) through comprehensive statistical analysis. The optimal number of PCA coefficients needs to be determined on a patient-by-patient basis and two PCA coefficients seem to be sufficient for accurate modeling of the lung motion for most patients. In conclusion, we have presented thorough theoretical analysis and clinical validation of the PCA lung motion model. The feasibility of deriving the entire lung motion using a single marker has also been demonstrated on clinical data using a simulation approach.
Mathematics for 3D game programming and computer graphics (2001)

This book illustrates the mathematical concepts that a game programmer would need to develop a professional-quality 3D engine. Although the book is geared toward applications in game development, many of the topics appeal to general interests in 3D graphics. It starts at a fairly basic level in areas such as vector geometry and linear algebra, and then progresses to more advanced topics in 3D game programming such as illumination and visibility determination. Particular attention is given to derivation of key results, ensuring that the reader is not forced to endure gaps in the theory. The book assumes a working knowledge of trigonometry and calculus, but also includes sections that review the important tools used from these disciplines, such as trigonometry identities, differential equations, and the Taylor series.
Le Christ et la Foi (1961)

Book Review| June 01 1961 Le Christ et la Foi Le Christ et la Foi, Pierre Vallotton. Paul E. Davies Paul E. Davies Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1961) 80 (2): 194. https://doi.org/10.2307/3264222 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Paul E. Davies; Le Christ et la Foi. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 June 1961; 80 (2): 194. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3264222 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 1961 The Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis1961 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Conducting Electrochemical Measurements in Fuel-Grade Ethanol Using Microelectrodes (2010)

Corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel in biofuels are a concern with the increase in the usage of ethanol as an alternate fuel. Electrochemical studies in highly resistive electrolytes (e.g., ethanol) traditionally have been conducted with the addition of a supporting electrolyte. The present work used microelectrodes to study the electrochemical behavior of carbon steel in fuel-grade ethanol (FGE). Owing to the small electrode size, a small magnitude of current was measured that reduces ohmic potential drops and makes it possible to perform electrochemical experiments in the absence of a supporting electrolyte. The present method was used to investigate the effect of water and chloride on the corrosion of carbon steel in FGE. The results were generally consistent with those obtained in alcoholic solutions when a supporting electrolyte was used. Additionally, the microelectrode method was used to evaluate the electrochemical response of steel in the presence of a stress corrosion cracking inhibitor.
Design and experimental verification of an active energy management module for a three-energy-source electric vehicle (2016)

This research aims at developing an active energy management system for an experimental platform of the multi-energy-source electric vehicle (EV). The main purposes are to deal with the shortages of long charging time, short battery life cycles, and insufficient mileage of EVs. Hence, this research was separated into three segments: (1) active power distribution hardware, and (2) performance verification on an experimental platform. The selected green energy sources for EVs are fuel cells, supercapacitors and lithium batteries. The fuel cell were determined to be the range extension source, the batteries were the main energy provider, while the supercapacitors was the high-power-assist device. The energy management was with four modes: EV mode, hybrid mode, range-extension (RE) mode, and the supercapacitor-power assist mode. For the active power distribution hardware, a self-designed control board was integrated at the input for traction power and (or) output for charging power of each energy source. It consists of a DC/DC converter to regulate the output current (power), a variable resistance to control the commanded voltage for the regulated current, and twelve electric capacitors for the current filter as well as for the compensation of slow dynamics of IC circuit. The energy management control was coded on the Matlab/Simulink environment, and was consequently downloaded to a rapid-prototyping controller, where the inputs are the traction motor power and the outputs are the regulated current commands of three energy sources. Experimental results show that under various battery state-of-charge (SOC), and time-variant outload, the active power module provide the proper energy management online. The implementation on a real EV will be conducted in the future.
Chlorosulfonic Acid Mediated Cyclization of Homoterpenic Acid (1997)

Abstract Cyclization of homoterpenic acid with chlorosulfonic acid leading to cis and trans-γ-lactones is described.
Experimental study on coexistence of 802.11b with alien devices (2002)

Several kinds of wireless communication systems, such as IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, HomeRF, and cordless telephones, have been developed to run in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. In many cases, these technologies are complementary rather than competing, and are likely to coexist in the same environment. This paper presents experimental results of the coexistence tests among these different systems working in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The main goal of this work is to determine how the performance of 802.11b is degraded by the existence of such other devices in the neighborhood. This should be the first step towards a better coexistence solution for IEEE 802.11b WLAN in this band.
High-temperature operations of rotation angle sensors with spin-valve-type magnetic tunnel junctions (2005)

Direction detection of a magnetic field by spin-valve-type magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) has been investigated at temperatures ranging from room to 150/spl deg/C, concentrating on the magnetic property of the pinned layer. Angular dependencies of resistance curves show that detection errors from cosine curve increase with rising temperatures in MTJ with the IrMn/CoFe pinned layer. Measurements of the magnetization curves of the pinned layer found that detection errors are caused by rotation of the pinned layer magnetization. Direction detection of a magnetic field by MTJ with a IrMn/CoFe/Ru/CoFe of synthetic antiferromagnetic (SyAF) pinned layer, in which magnetizations of two CoFe layers nearly cancel each other, was also investigated. We confirmed that the pinned layer of SyAF structure in MTJ effectively reduces the dependence of detection errors on temperature.
Adversarial Dropout Regularization (2017)

We present a method for transferring neural representations from label-rich source domains to unlabeled target domains. Recent adversarial methods proposed for this task learn to align features across domains by fooling a special domain critic network. However, a drawback of this approach is that the critic simply labels the generated features as in-domain or not, without considering the boundaries between classes. This can lead to ambiguous features being generated near class boundaries, reducing target classification accuracy. We propose a novel approach, Adversarial Dropout Regularization (ADR), to encourage the generator to output more discriminative features for the target domain. Our key idea is to replace the critic with one that detects non-discriminative features, using dropout on the classifier network. The generator then learns to avoid these areas of the feature space and thus creates better features. We apply our ADR approach to the problem of unsupervised domain adaptation for image classification and semantic segmentation tasks, and demonstrate significant improvement over the state of the art. We also show that our approach can be used to train Generative Adversarial Networks for semi-supervised learning.
Characterization of Apelin, the Ligand for the APJ Receptor (2000)

The apelin peptide was recently discovered and demonstrated to be the endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor, APJ. A search of the GenBank databases retrieved a rat expressed sequence tag partially encoding the preproapelin sequence. The GenBank search also revealed a human sequence on chromosome Xq25-26.1, containing the gene encoding preproapelin. We have used the rat sequence to screen a rat brain cDNA library to obtain a cDNA encoding the full-length open reading frame of rat preproapelin. This cDNA encoded a protein of 77 amino acids, sharing an identity of 82% with human preproapelin. Northern and in situ hybridization analyses revealed both human and rat apelin and APJ to be expressed in the brain and periphery. Both sequence and mRNA expression distribution analyses revealed similarities between apelin and angiotensin II, suggesting they that share related physiological roles. A synthetic apelin peptide was injected intravenously into male Wistar rats, resulting in immediate lowering of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which persisted for several minutes. Intraperitoneal apelin injections induced an increase in drinking behavior within the first 30 min after injection, with a return to baseline within 1 h.