gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving the spectral resolution of wedged etalons and linear variable filters with incidence angle (2005)

Compact spectrometers fabricated by placing a wedged etalon or a linear variable filter in front of a linear photodiode array typically do not exhibit the spectral resolution of a parallel filter of the same finesse. A theoretical analysis of the beam emerging from a wedged etalon is shown to predict a comalike aberration, explaining the loss in resolution. This analysis also predicts a focused beam waist whose axial position depends on the incidence angle, indicating that resolution can be improved by placing this waist on the detector. These results are experimentally confirmed in a multicavity linear variable filter to achieve 0.09 nm spectral resolution at 1550 nm.
A Comparative Study of the Involvement of 17 Arabidopsis Myosin Family Members on the Motility of Golgi and Other Organelles   (2009)

Gene families with multiple members are predicted to have individuals with overlapping functions. We examined all of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) myosin family members for their involvement in Golgi and other organelle motility. Truncated fragments of all 17 annotated Arabidopsis myosins containing either the IQ tail or tail domains only were fused to fluorescent markers and coexpressed with a Golgi marker in two different plants. We tracked and calculated Golgi body displacement rate in the presence of all myosin truncations and found that tail fragments of myosins MYA1, MYA2, XI-C, XI-E, XI-I, and XI-K were the best inhibitors of Golgi body movement in the two plants. Tail fragments of myosins XI-B, XI-F, XI-H, and ATM1 had an inhibitory effect on Golgi bodies only in Nicotiana tabacum, while tail fragments of myosins XI-G and ATM2 had a slight effect on Golgi body motility only in Nicotiana benthamiana. The best myosin inhibitors of Golgi body motility were able to arrest mitochondrial movement too. No exclusive colocalization was found between these myosins and Golgi bodies in our system, although the excess of cytosolic signal observed could mask myosin molecules bound to the surface of the organelle. From the preserved actin filaments found in the presence of enhanced green fluorescent protein fusions of truncated myosins and the motility of myosin punctae, we conclude that global arrest of actomyosin-derived cytoplasmic streaming had not occurred. Taken together, our data suggest that the above myosins are involved, directly or indirectly, in the movement of Golgi and mitochondria in plant cells.
Pups: A Pulse Programming Assistant for NMR Imaging (1987)

The design of pulse programs for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments is tedious and complex, requiring a deep understanding of the interactions that exist between magnetic fields generated during an MRI experiment. This paper describes an intelligent system that understands how to construct the multichannel temporal sequences of pulses needed to control an MRI experiment. PUPA, the PUlse Programmers Assistant, provides assistance to a relatively naive user of MRI systems. Knowledge is coded in the form of rules and semantic networks. A natural language facility and menu system are provided for communication with the user.
Synthesis and properties of novel photochromic poly(methyl methacrylate-co-diarylethene)s (2009)

Novel poly(methyl methacrylate)s substituted with photochromic diarylethenes as the main backbone or pendant functional groups were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), using methyl methacrylate and 5,5′-dihydroxymethyl substituted dithienylethene as the monomers. The concentration of diarylethene in the poly(methyl methacrylate-co-diarylethene)s can be regulated by controlling the polymerization conditions. The resulting photochromic copolymers exhibit good photochromic properties, good fluorescence, easy film-forming performance, and outstanding thermal properties.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Dibenzothiophene-based Host Materials for Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2015)

A series of bipolar host materials containing dibenzo[b,d]thiophene (DBT) or dibenzo[b,d]thiophene 5,5-dioxide core were successfully synthesized, and their physical, photophysical, and electrochemical properties were investigated. The three host materials showed well-localized electron distribution at the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) states, as evidenced by theoretical calculations. Triplet energies of the new host materials are higher than 2.6 eV, and the blend film with bis[2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-C2 Misra, A. et al. (2006). Semicond. Sci. Technol., 21, R35.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar],N](picolinato)iridium(III) (FIrpic) as a blue phosphorescent dopant showed highly efficient energy transfer between the host material and dopant.
New concepts and modeling strategies to design and evaluate photo-electro-catalysts based on transition metal oxides (2012)

Photocatalytic production of transportation fuels should be among our long term strategies to achieve energy and environmental sustainability for the planet, but the technology is hampered by a lack of sufficiently efficient catalysts. Although efficiency is ultimately determined by laboratory measurements, theory and computation have become powerful tools for examining underlying mechanisms and guiding avenues of inquiry. In this review, we focus on first principles calculations of transition metal oxide semiconductor photocatalysts. We discuss how theory can be applied to investigate various aspects of a photocatalytic cycle: light absorption, electron/hole transport, band edge alignments of semiconductors, and surface chemistry. Emphasis is placed on identifying accurate models for specific properties and theoretical insights into improving photocatalytic performance.
THE EFFECT OF PEN DESIGN AND THE TRANQUILISING DRUG, AZAPERONE, ON THE GROWTH AND BEHAVIOUR OF WEANED PIGS (1981)

Two experiments were carried out in a 55-sow, specific pathogen free commercial unit, to assess the effects of the tranquilising drug, azaperone, on pigs mixed at weaning. The drug is claimed to inhibit aggression in pigs mixed at weaning, and also to increase the average weight gain in groups of growing pigs. The first experiment used a single test and control group, and the second experiment was a 2 X 2 factorial design, the variables being the presence or absence of the drug, and the presence or absence of a box used to modify the weaner pen environment. In both experiments there were no significant differences in rates of agonistic interactions between treated and untreated groups, although the drug delayed the first agonistic encounters for about 8 hours. Nor was there any difference in the relative growth rate between treated and untreated groups in either experiment.
Engineering Economics How to Make Quick Manufacturing Cost Estimates (1975)

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
Preparation and Optical Properties of Novel Transparent Al-Doped-ZnO/Epoxy Nanocomposites (2009)

In this paper, preparation and optical properties of novel transparent Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO)/epoxy nanocomposites were reported. First, AZO precursor was synthesized via the homogeneous precipitation method and AZO nanoparticles were obtained by calcination of the precursor at different temperatures. Transparent AZO/epoxy nanocomposites were subsequently prepared from the transparent diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin and the as-prepared AZO nanoparticles via a simple direct dispersion method. Optical properties, namely visible-light transmittance, ultraviolet, and infrared opaqueness, of the AZO/epoxy nanocomposites were studied as a function of the AZO content by using an ultraviolet−visible spectrophotometer and an ultraviolet−visible−nearinfrared spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the nanocomposite with a thickness of about 3.5 mm containing a low AZO content of 0.08 wt % showed an excellent UV-shielding efficiency greater than 85% at ∼360 nm together with a good visible transmittance greater than 70% at ∼650 nm. Moreover, the AZO addition obviously enhanced the infrared light shielding efficiency of the epoxy resin.
Competitive Oxidation of Volatile Fatty Acids by Sulfate- and Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria from an Oil Field in Argentina (2008)

Acetate, propionate, and butyrate, collectively referred to as volatile fatty acids (VFA), are considered among the most important electron donors for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and heterotrophic nitrate-reducing bacteria (hNRB) in oil fields. Samples obtained from a field in the Neuquén Basin, western Argentina, had significant activity of mesophilic SRB, hNRB, and nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB). In microcosms, containing VFA (3 mM each) and excess sulfate, SRB first used propionate and butyrate for the production of acetate, which reached concentrations of up to 12 mM prior to being used as an electron donor for sulfate reduction. In contrast, hNRB used all three organic acids with similar kinetics, while reducing nitrate to nitrite and nitrogen. Transient inhibition of VFA-utilizing SRB was observed with 0.5 mM nitrite and permanent inhibition with concentrations of 1 mM or more. The addition of nitrate to medium flowing into an upflow, packed-bed bioreactor with an established VFA-oxidizing SRB consortium led to a spike of nitrite up to 3 mM. The nitrite-mediated inhibition of SRB led, in turn, to the transient accumulation of up to 13 mM of acetate. The complete utilization of nitrate and the incomplete utilization of VFA, especially propionate, and sulfate indicated that SRB remained partially inhibited. Hence, in addition to lower sulfide concentrations, an increase in the concentration of acetate in the presence of sulfate in waters produced from an oil field subjected to nitrate injection may indicate whether the treatment is successful. The microbial community composition in the bioreactor, as determined by culturing and culture-independent techniques, indicated shifts with an increasing fraction of nitrate. With VFA and sulfate, the SRB genera Desulfobotulus, Desulfotignum, and Desulfobacter as well as the sulfur-reducing Desulfuromonas and the NR-SOB Arcobacter were detected. With VFA and nitrate, Pseudomonas spp. were present. hNRB/NR-SOB from the genus Sulfurospirillum were found under all conditions.
Die nächtliche Notsectio am Perinatalzentrum: Ein fetaler Albtraum? (2004)

Publiziert wurden die schlechteren fetalen Mortalitäts- und Morbiditätsziffern für nächtliche Notsectiones bei normgewichtigen Einlingen in Perinatalzentren im Vergleich zu anderen geburtshilfichen Abteilungen in Hessen (Heller et al. 2003). Daher untersuchten wir für unsere Klinik die dort genannten Parameter: Frühe neonatale Mortalität, 5-Minuten-APGAR und Na-pH sowie die EE-Zeit.
Thematic Review Series: Sphingolipids. New insights into sphingolipid metabolism and function in budding yeast (2008)

Our understanding of sphingolipid metabolism and functions in the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has progressed substantially in the past 2 years. Yeast sphingolipids contain a C26-acyl moiety, all of the genes necessary to make these long-chain fatty acids have been identified, and a mechanism for how chain length is determined has been proposed. Advances in understanding how the de novo synthesis of ceramide and complex sphingolipids is regulated have been made, and they demonstrate that the Target Of Rapamycin Complex 2 (TORC2) controls ceramide synthase activity. Other work shows that TORC2 regulates the level of complex sphingolipids in a pathway using the Slm1 and Slm2 proteins to control the protein phosphatase calcineurin, which regulates the breakdown of complex sphingolipids. The activity of Slm1 and Slm2 has also been shown to be regulated during heat stress by phosphoinositides and TORC2, along with sphingoid long-chain bases and the Pkh1 and Pkh2 protein kinases, to control the actin cytoskeleton, the trafficking of nutrient transporters, and cell viability. Together, these results provide the first molecular insights into understanding previous genetic interaction data that indicated a connection between sphingolipids and the TORC2 and phosphoinositide signaling networks. This new knowledge provides a foundation for greatly advancing our understanding of sphingolipid biology in yeast.
Ultra-high I/O density glass/silicon interposers for high bandwidth smart mobile applications (2011)

Smart mobile applications are driving the demand for higher logic-to-memory bandwidth (BW) in 10-30 GB/s range with lower power consumption and larger memory capacity. This paper presents a radically-different, scalable and lower cost approach than the 3D ICs with TSV stack approach being pursued widely, to achieve high bandwidth. This approach is referred to as interposer approach using ultra-thin glass or silicon with ultra-high I/O density interposers, which does not require TSVs in the logic IC in the 3D stack. This paper presents a comparative study, based on electrical modeling of the logic-to-memory signal path, in various current and emerging package configurations for use in smart mobile devices. Frequency and time domain analysis for each of these scenarios is performed using both chip and package-level models with varying interconnection dimensions. Simulated eye diagrams for the complete data paths in the thin glass interposer approach demonstrated more than 3 Gbps/pin data rate, similar to 3D ICs.
Fluoxetine, a Selective Serotonin‐Uptake Inhibitor, Enhances the Anticonvulsant Effects of Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, and Ameltolide (LY 201116) (1992)

Dose-response curves for the prototypical anticonvulsants phenytoin (PHT) and carbamazepine (CBZ), and a novel anticonvulsant, ameltolide (LY201116), were determined with and without pretreatment with the selective serotonin-uptake inhibitor fluoxetine by maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test in mice. Fluoxetine (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally, i.p.) produced a dose-related decrease in the ED50 values for the anticonvulsants (i.p. administration) to protect against MES-induced tonic-extensor seizures. Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg i.p.) also decreased the intravenous (i.v.) ED50 doses of the three anticonvulsants by a factor of approximately 2. These data suggest that fluoxetine, through its selective inhibition of serotonergic reuptake, may have beneficial advantages as compared with common antidepressant drugs in treatment of depressed patients with epilepsy and may also enhance the seizure control of prototypical anticonvulsants in treatment of epilepsy.
The pulsed dye laser versus the Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser in laser‐induced shock‐wave lithotripsy (1988)

To date, there are two fairly well-established alternatives for laser-induced shock-wave lithotripsy in clinical practice. The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is distinguished by the high-stone selectivity of its coupler systems. The necessity of a coupler system and its fairly small conversion rate of light energy into mechanical energy present serious drawbacks. Furthermore, the minimal outer diameter of the transmission system is 1.8 mm. The pulsed-dye laser can be used with a highly flexible and uncomplicated 200-micron fiber. However, the laser system itself is more complicated than the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and requires a great deal of maintenance. Biological evaluation of damage caused by direct irradiation shows that both laser systems produce minor damage of different degrees. YAG laser lithotripsy with the optomechanical coupler was assessed in 31 patients with ureteral calculi. The instability and limited effectiveness of the fiber application system necessitated auxiliary lithotripsy methods in 14 cases. Dye-laser lithotripsy is currently being tested in clinical application. Further development, such as systems for blind application or electronic feedback mechanisms to limit adverse tissue effects, have yet to be optimized. Nevertheless, laser-induced shock-wave lithotripsy has the potential to become a standard procedure in the endourologic management of stone disease.
Sputnik: a database platform for comparative plant genomics (2003)

Two million plant ESTs, from 20 different plant species, and totalling more than one 1000 Mbp of DNA sequence, represents a formidable transcriptomic resource. Sputnik uses the potential of this sequence resource to fill some of the information gap in the un-sequenced plant genomes and to serve as the foundation for in silicio comparative plant genomics. The complexity of the individual EST collections has been reduced using optimised EST clustering techniques. Annotation of cluster sequences is performed by exploiting and transferring information from the comprehensive knowledgebase already produced for the completed model plant genome (Arabidopsis thaliana) and by performing additional state of-the-art sequence analyses relevant to today's plant biologist. Functional predictions, comparative analyses and associative annotations for 500 000 plant EST derived peptides make Sputnik (http://mips.gsf.de/proj/sputnik/) a valid platform for contemporary plant genomics.
Structure and stability of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Cd</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Nb</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Cd</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Ta</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>explored by<i>ab initio</i>calculations (2008)

Structural instabilities of ${\text{Cd}}_{2}{\text{Nb}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{7}$ have been explored by all-electron ab initio calculations in the framework of density-functional theory. The calculated phonon-dispersion curve of the cubic high-temperature phase displays several modes with imaginary frequencies. A distortion according to a ${T}_{1u}$ mode at the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ point leads to the energetically most favorable configuration. The resulting structure has been optimized in space-group symmetries $Ima2$ and $I1a1$ $(Cc)$. The stability of these structures suggests a sequence of phase transitions $Fd\overline{3}m$-$Ima2$-$Cc$. The dominant structural changes occur as a result of the ferroelectric transition to orthorhombic symmetry, whereas the distortions associated with the subsequent transition to monoclinic symmetry are relatively small. With respect to the cubic phase, Nb is displaced most strongly. In both low-temperature phases, two crystallographically distinct Nb and Cd positions exist. The Nb displacements give rise to an ordered arrangement of short and long Nb-O bonds. In the $Ima2$ phase, chains of alternating long and short bonds propagate along [001] and along $⟨111⟩$, while corresponding chains parallel to [100] still consist of symmetric Nb1-O bonds. The latter bonds distort only with the transition to the $Cc$ phase. In contrast to ${\text{Cd}}_{2}{\text{Nb}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{7}$, the structure of ${\text{Cd}}_{2}{\text{Ta}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{7}$ returns to cubic symmetry when subjected to similar distortions.
Psychiatric Disorders From Childhood to Adulthood in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Results From the International Consortium on Brain and Behavior in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (2014)

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the largest study of psychiatric morbidity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. It validates previous findings that this condition is one of the strongest risk factors for psychosis. Anxiety and developmental disorders were also prevalent. These results highlight the need to monitor and reduce the long-term burden of psychopathology in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
Sunlight (2015)

We present Sunlight, a system that detects the causes of targeting phenomena on the web -- such as personalized advertisements, recommendations, or content -- at large scale and with solid statistical confidence. Today's web is growing increasingly complex and impenetrable as myriad of services collect, analyze, use, and exchange users' personal information. No one can tell who has what data, for what purposes they are using it, and how those uses affect the users. The few studies that exist reveal problematic effects -- such as discriminatory pricing and advertising -- but they are either too small-scale to generalize or lack formal assessments of confidence in the results, making them difficult to trust or interpret. Sunlight brings a principled and scalable methodology to personal data measurements by adapting well-established methods from statistics for the specific problem of targeting detection. Our methodology formally separates different operations into four key phases: scalable hypothesis generation, interpretable hypothesis formation, statistical significance testing, and multiple testing correction. Each phase bears instantiations from multiple mechanisms from statistics, each making different assumptions and tradeoffs. Sunlight offers a modular design that allows exploration of this vast design space. We explore a portion of this space, thoroughly evaluating the tradeoffs both analytically and experimentally. Our exploration reveals subtle tensions between scalability and confidence. Sunlight's default functioning strikes a balance to provide the first system that can diagnose targeting at fine granularity, at scale, and with solid statistical justification of its results.
Mucosal defences against <i>Giardia</i> (2003)

Giardia lamblia (syn. G. duodenalis or G. intestinalis), the causative agent of giardiasis, is one of the most common causes worldwide of intestinal infections in humans. Symptomatic infection is characterized by diarrhoea, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss, yet many infections are asymptomatic. The protozoan, unicellular parasite resides in the lumen and attaches to the epithelium and overlying mucus layers but does not invade the mucosa and causes little or no mucosal inflammation. Giardiasis is normally transient, indicating the existence of effective host defences, although re-infections can occur, which may be related to differences in infecting parasites and/or incomplete immune protection. Mucosal defences against Giardia must act in the small intestinal lumen in the absence of induction by classical inflammatory mediators. Secretory IgA antibodies have a central role in anti-giardial defence. B cell-independent mechanisms also exist and can contribute to eradication of the parasite, although their identity and physiological importance are poorly understood currently. Possible candidates are nitric oxide, antimicrobial peptides such as Paneth cell alpha-defensins, and lactoferrin. Elucidation of the key anti-giardial effector mechanisms will be important for selecting the best adjuvants in the rational development of vaccination strategies against Giardia.