gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influences of Plasticity on a Sheet Pile Phased Stochastic FE Analysis. (2000)

The paper deals with the stochastic analysis of the stability of a sheet pile soil structure. Most areas in the Netherlands have layered soil conditions. The decisive parameter in the nonlinear FE analysis is the behaviour of the soil. For layered soil conditions, the correct modelling of the non-linear behaviour of the soil is decisive for the result. Laboratory or in situ tests on the soil give a wide distribution of the material parameters. As a result, a deterministic input for soil material behaviour in an FE analysis is not straightforward. The normal solution is to use partial safety factors. A stochastic analysis is however more in place to analyse soil structures. Recently plane strain 2D FE models are becoming common practice to describe the behaviour of the soil, especially for layered soil conditions. The behaviour of the soil is described with a Mohr-Coulomb model; the interaction of the soil with the sheet pile is modelled with interface elements which behaviour is described with the Coulomb friction model. The full paper describes the FE analysis of the excavation of soil during construction, inclusive the installation of a sheet pile and an anchor. The model includes 3 layers of soil including different water levels and an anchor, which is grouted on the end of the anchor. The analysis is carried out using a 2D plane-strain-model and a full-3D model. A stochastic module is added to a common FE code [1] in order to analyse stochastic structural behaviour. Consequently the excavation is analysed including the stochastic behaviour of the soil. The stochastic analysis results in a probability of failure and in safety factors. The full paper shows the effect of the plasticity regarding to the 2D plane strain and full 3D model.
Geometric characteristics, physical mechanism, and electrical analysis of quasi-TEM waveguides with dipole-FSS walls (2010)

Geometric characteristics of quasi-TEM waveguides with dipole-FSS walls are presented and investigated. Simulation results show that their dispersion relationship is not sensitive to the geometry of patch and slot in the propagating direction, but very sensitive to the geometry along the transverse direction. This phenomenon can be explained with equivalent magnetic current distributions in the slots. This new mechanism of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) in waveguides thus is established.
Oberflächenbehandlung durch Strahlen (1995)

Unter einer mechanischen Oberflächenbehandlung mit Strahlmitteln versteht man, daß die Oberfläche mit körnigen Materialien unterschiedlicher Form und Größe beworfen wird. Das körnige Material besitzt dabei eine durch Fremdeinwirkung vorgegebene erhöhte Relativgeschwindigkeit zur Oberfläche. Diese Geschwindigkeit wird dem Korn entweder durch Werfen oder durch ein strömendes Trägermedium mitgeteilt. Beim Werfen wird das Korn von rotierenden Armen eines Schleuderrades erfaßt. Beim Transport durch ein Transportmedium erhält letzteres über Pumpen oder Kompressoren zunächst eine kinetische Energie, ehe das Korn in das Transportmedium eingetragen wird. Als Transportmedien kommen allgemein Luft oder Wasser in Betracht (Naßstrahlen). Das beschleunigte Korn trifft dann auf die rauhe Oberfläche eines Werkstücks, auf der es eine spanabhebende Funktion ausüben soll.
The Rejection of Jesus at Nazareth (Luke IV 16-30) (1971)

THE REJECTION OF JESUS AT NAZARETH (Luke iv 16-30) BY DAVID HILL Sheffield If we suspend judgment temporarily on the historicity of the Rejection of Jesus at Nazareth as recorded by Luke, the main problems raised by the narrative may be listed as: 1. The relation of the pericope to Mark vi 1-6. II. The apparent incongruity between the initial friendly response to Jesus on the part of the synagogue audience and its sub- sequent hostility and rejection. III. The meaning of the pericope as a whole for Luke and its significance in his theology. IV. The relation between the
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Produce Natural Killer Cells That Mediate Anti-HIV-1 Activity by Utilizing Diverse Cellular Mechanisms (2010)

Cell-based therapies against HIV/AIDS have been gaining increased interest. Natural killer (NK) cells are a key component of the innate immune system with the ability to kill diverse tumor cells and virus-infected cells. While NK cells have been shown to play an important role in the control of HIV-1 replication, their functional activities are often compromised in HIV-1-infected individuals. We have previously demonstrated the derivation of NK cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with the ability to potently kill multiple types of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. We now demonstrate the derivation of functional NK cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). More importantly, both hESC- and iPSC-derived NK cells are able to inhibit HIV-1 NL4-3 infection of CEM-GFP cells. Additional studies using HIV-1-infected human primary CD4(+) T cells illustrated that hESC- and iPSC-derived NK cells suppress HIV-1 infection by at least three distinct cellular mechanisms: killing of infected targets through direct lysis, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and production of chemokines and cytokines. Our results establish the potential to utilize hESC- and iPSC-derived NK cells to better understand anti-HIV-1 immunity and provide a novel cellular immunotherapeutic approach to treat HIV/AIDS.
Walsh transform of sampled time functions and the sampling principle (1973)

Based upon some fundamental relations of the transform theory using Walsh functions two alternative expressions for the Walsh transform of a sampled time function are derived. A sampling theorem for sequency-bandlimited waveforms is then formulated and the requisite data-reconstruction filter discussed.
Functional Bregman divergence (2008)

To characterize the differences between two positive functions or two distributions, a class of distortion functions has recently been defined termed the functional Bregman divergences. The class generalizes the standard Bregman divergence defined for vectors, and includes total squared difference and relative entropy. Recently a key property was discovered for the vector Bregman divergence: that the mean minimizes the average Bregman divergence for a finite set of vectors. In this paper the analog result is proven: that the mean function minimizes the average Bregman divergence for a set of positive functions that can be parameterized by a finite number of parameters. In addition, the relationship of the functional Bregman divergence to the vector Bregman divergence and pointwise Bregman divergence is stated, as well as some important properties.
Depression and Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment as Risk Factors for Preterm Birth (2012)

SRI use increased risk of preterm birth. Although the effect of a major depressive episode alone was unclear, symptomatic women undergoing antidepressant treatment had elevated risk.
Los cinco primeros años de actividad del Supervisor Europeo de Protección de Datos (2008)

El Supervisor Europeo de Proteccion de Datos (SEPD) fue instituido por el Reglamento 45/2001, en aplicacion del articulo 286 del Tratado de la C.E., pero no fue hasta enero de 2004 cuando el Parlamento y el Consejo se pusieron de acuerdo para nombrar a sus dos primeros miembros, Peter Hustinx, como Supervisor, y Joaquin Bayo Delgado, como Supervisor Adjunto
Multi‐Functional Particle Detection with Embedded Optical Fibers in a Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Chip (2005)

Abstract This paper describes a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chip with embedded optical fibers for particle detection. It consists of a microchannel for sample delivery, two pairs of fibers for multi‐functional particle detection, and electrodes for high voltage supply to generate electrokinetic particle motion. A small size semiconductor laser and a Si‐PIN detector are used for optical detection. The detection system allows easy switch between two‐fiber detection mode and one‐fiber detection mode, and is capable of counting particles, measuring particle velocity, and identifying particle sizes in a single polydimethylsiloxane chip. The technique described here is potentially applicable to a range of particulate diagnostic systems.
Imaging material properties by resonant tapping-force microscopy: A model investigation (1996)

The interaction of a cantilever performing a forced oscillation with a sample in a tapping-mode scanning force microscope is investigated within a simple model. The tip together with the cantilever is modeled as a periodically driven, damped harmonic oscillator. The viscoelastic sample is described by a friction force acting on the tip while it is in contact and a harmonic potential. The penetration of the probe and the phase shift of the oscillator due to contact with the sample are calculated for various sample parameters. In particular, an approximate solution of the model equations for the phase shift is presented. Moreover, a relation between the elastic constant of the model and the elastic modulus of a material is presented. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Integrating Chinese and Conventional Medicine in Colorectal Cancer Treatment (2007)

The Chinese have been integrating cancer treatment for the past 60 years. Using conventional and Chinese traditional medicine, this integration has evolved into a sophisticated hybrid of medicine that has generated a great deal of well-designed research demonstrating that the use of combined care can improve outcomes for patients with cancer. This article seeks to explain the integration in terms of treatment of colorectal cancer and a colorectal cancer case with Duke's stage C adenocarcinoma.
A Novel Role for Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Exercise-Induced Improvements in Glucose Homeostasis (2015)

Exercise training improves whole-body glucose homeostasis through effects largely attributed to adaptations in skeletal muscle; however, training also affects other tissues, including adipose tissue. To determine whether exercise-induced adaptations to adipose tissue contribute to training-induced improvements in glucose homeostasis, subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) from exercise-trained or sedentary donor mice was transplanted into the visceral cavity of sedentary recipients. Remarkably, 9 days post-transplantation, mice receiving scWAT from exercise-trained mice had improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin sensitivity compared with mice transplanted with scWAT from sedentary or sham-treated mice. Mice transplanted with scWAT from exercise-trained mice had increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in tibialis anterior and soleus muscles and brown adipose tissue, suggesting that the transplanted scWAT exerted endocrine effects. Furthermore, the deleterious effects of high-fat feeding on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were completely reversed if high-fat-fed recipient mice were transplanted with scWAT from exercise-trained mice. In additional experiments, voluntary exercise training by wheel running for only 11 days resulted in profound changes in scWAT, including the increased expression of ∼1,550 genes involved in numerous cellular functions including metabolism. Exercise training causes adaptations to scWAT that elicit metabolic improvements in other tissues, demonstrating a previously unrecognized role for adipose tissue in the beneficial effects of exercise on systemic glucose homeostasis.
Double-label time-resolved immunofluorometry of lutropin and follitropin in serum. (1987)

We describe a procedure for the simultaneous immunofluorometric assay of lutropin and follitropin in human serum, based on the use of monoclonal antibodies and of the fluorescent lanthanides Eu3+ and Tb3+. The alpha-chain-specific antibody was used as a common capture antibody on the surfaces of microtitration strips. The anti-beta-follitropin antibody was labeled with Tb3+, the anti-beta-lutropin antibody with Eu3+. After the immunoreactions had taken place, the bound fractions of the labels were dissociated in a fluorescence enhancement solution of pivaloyltrifluoroacetone, trioctylphosphine oxide, and Triton X-100 surfactant. In this solution both lanthanides can be measured successively with a time-resolved fluorometer. The detection limit of the assay is 0.1 int. unit/L for lutropin and 1 int. unit/L for follitropin. Results correlated well with those by commercial immunofluorometric assays and radioimmunoassays.
Key epigenetic changes associated with lung cancer development (2012)

Epigenetic alterations are a common event in lung cancer and their identification can serve to inform on the carcinogenic process and provide clinically relevant biomarkers. Using paired tumor and non-tumor lung tissues from 146 individuals from three independent populations we sought to identify common changes in DNA methylation associated with the development of non-small cell lung cancer. Pathologically normal lung tissue taken at the time of cancer resection was matched to tumorous lung tissue and together were probed for methylation using Illumina GoldenGate arrays in the discovery set (n = 47 pairs) followed by bisulfite pyrosequencing for validation sets (n = 99 pairs). For each matched pair the change in methylation at each CpG was calculated (the odds ratio), and these ratios were averaged across individuals and ranked by magnitude to identify the CpGs with the greatest change in methylation associated with tumor development. We identified the top gene-loci representing an increase in methylation (HOXA9, 10.3-fold and SOX1, 5.9-fold) and decrease in methylation (DDR1, 8.1-fold). In replication testing sets, methylation was higher in tumors for HOXA9 (p < 2.2 × 10−16) and SOX1 (p < 2.2 × 10−16) and lower for DDR1 (p < 2.2 × 10−16). The magnitude and strength of these changes were consistent across squamous cell and adenocarcinoma tumors. Our data indicate that the identified genes consistently have altered methylation in lung tumors. Our identified genes should be included in translational studies that aim to develop screening for early disease detection.
The last glacier in Dovedale, Lake District. (2011)

Field mapping of moraine ridges and mounds in Dovedale, Lake District, has enabled the reconstruction of a small valley glacier. At its maximum extent the glacier covered an area of 3.39 km 2 and had an equilibrium line altitude of ~522 m. The presence of moraines in both the lower and upper parts of the valley suggests that the glacier underwent active retreat. Some of the ‘moraine ridges’ may have resulted from or been enhanced by fluvial erosion of thick drift sheets. Although the age of the moraines has not been determined it is inferred that the glacier developed during the Loch Lomond Stadial (12.9-11.7 ka BP). If this inference is correct the Dovedale glacier was the largest glacier to have developed in the eastern Lake District during this interval, and it probably connected across parts of the drainage divide with glaciers in neighbouring valleys.
An asymptotic property of model selection criteria (1998)

Probability models are estimated by use of penalized log-likelihood criteria related to Akaike (1973) information criterion (AIC) and minimum description length (MDL). The accuracies of the density estimators are shown to be related to the tradeoff between three terms: the accuracy of approximation, the model dimension, and the descriptive complexity of the model classes. The asymptotic risk is determined under conditions on the penalty term, and is shown to be minimax optimal for some cases. As an application, we show that the optimal rate of convergence is simultaneously achieved for log-densities in Sobolev spaces W/sub 2//sup s/(U) without knowing the smoothness parameter s and norm parameter U in advance. Applications to neural network models and sparse density function estimation are also provided.
Reactivity of 2,4(5)-dialkylimidazoles. Synthesis of 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo(1,5-a)(1,4)diazepine derivatives. (1976)

6, 7, 8, 9-Tetrahydro-5H-imidazo [1, 5-a] [1, 4] diazepine derivatives (IV) were synthesized by the reaction of formalin with 1-γ-aminopropylimidazole derivatives (III) prepared by cyanoethylation and then catalytic hydrogenation of the imidazole derivatives (I).
Oxygen-free radical decrease in hypertensive patients treated with lercanidipine. (2001)

The possibility of measuring FRs in vivo with a simple, inexpensive test allows the identification of subjects with a high level of oxidative stress, and the monitoring of the effects of treatments. Lercanidipine, acting on blood pressure, on the microcirculation and decreasing oxidative stress and Frs plasma levels may effectively decrease the rate of progression of cardiovascular diseases offering the advantage of an increased level of protection in patients with high levels of oxidative stress.
MEG-based imaging of focal neuronal current sources (1997)

We describe a new approach to imaging neural current sources from measurements of the magnetoencephalogram (MEG) associated with sensory, motor, or cognitive brain activation. Many previous approaches to this problem have concentrated on the use of weighted minimum norm (WMN) inverse methods. While these methods ensure a unique solution, they do not introduce information specific to the MEG inverse problem, often producing overly smoothed solutions and exhibiting severe sensitivity to noise. We describe a Bayesian formulation of the inverse problem in which a Gibbs prior is constructed to reflect the sparse focal nature of neural current sources associated with evoked response data. We demonstrate the method with simulated and experimental phantom data, comparing its performance with several WMN methods.
Oxidation of an internally solvated allylic lithium compound: NMR and X-ray crystallography (2003)

The structure in solution of an allylic lithium compound with attached chiral ligand, 4, is shown by NMR to be internally solvated, partially delocalized and with a small detectable C-Li covalence. Crystallization of 4 in the presence of O 2 produces a 1:1 complex of 4 with its alkoxide oxidation product 9. X-ray crystallography reveals the allylic lithium part of this complex to be fully delocalized.
Bayesian Analysis of Genetic Differentiation Between Populations (2003)

We introduce a Bayesian method for estimating hidden population substructure using multilocus molecular markers and geographical information provided by the sampling design. The joint posterior distribution of the substructure and allele frequencies of the respective populations is available in an analytical form when the number of populations is small, whereas an approximation based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation approach can be obtained for a moderate or large number of populations. Using the joint posterior distribution, posteriors can also be derived for any evolutionary population parameters, such as the traditional fixation indices. A major advantage compared to most earlier methods is that the number of populations is treated here as an unknown parameter. What is traditionally considered as two genetically distinct populations, either recently founded or connected by considerable gene flow, is here considered as one panmictic population with a certain probability based on marker data and prior information. Analyses of previously published data on the Moroccan argan tree (Argania spinosa) and of simulated data sets suggest that our method is capable of estimating a population substructure, while not artificially enforcing a substructure when it does not exist. The software (BAPS) used for the computations is freely available from http://www.rni.helsinki.fi/~mjs.
FM Noise Suppression of an Injection Phase-Locked Oscillator (1968)

The phenomenon of injection phase-locking may be used to synchronize one or more oscillators to a lower power master or reference oscillator and also reduce part of the resultant FM noise power spectrum. A theory is presented that predicts the resultant FM noise spectrum of an injection phase-locked oscillator when the spectrum of the reference source and the free-running oscillator are known. Experiments conducted are described and comparison with theoretical predictions are discussed.
Synthesis and Use of Probes to Investigate the Cryptoregiochemistry of the First Animal Acetylenase (2006)

Thaumetopoea pityocampa pheromone glands contain an unusual Delta(11) acetylenase that produces an alkynoic fatty acid intermediate in the sex pheromone biosynthetic pathway of this species. In this article, we describe the synthesis and use of the deuterated (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid probes required to decipher the cryptoregiochemistry of this enzyme. The label in the olefinic bonds was introduced by Wittig reaction between the appropriate deuterated reagents. Besides the vinyl deuterium atoms, for reliable GC-MS analyses these compounds bear a tetradeuterium tag, which was introduced by deuteration of an alkyne intermediate in the presence of the Wilkinson catalyst. Pheromone gland metabolization studies of these probes provided experimental evidence that the transformation of (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid into 11-hexadecynoic acid by the Delta(11) acetylenase takes place by a stepwise mechanism, in which a significant perturbation of the strong vinyl C11-H bond occurs prior to a fast elimination of the vinyl hydrogen at C-12.
GPstuff: Bayesian modeling with Gaussian processes (2013)

The GPstuff toolbox is a versatile collection of Gaussian process models and computational tools required for Bayesian inference. The tools include, among others, various inference methods, sparse approximations and model assessment methods.
The slantlet transform (1999)

The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is usually carried out by filterbank iteration; however, for a fixed number of zero moments, this does not yield a discrete-time basis that is optimal with respect to time localization. This paper discusses the implementation and properties of an orthogonal DWT, with two zero moments and with improved time localization. The basis is not based on filterbank iteration; instead, different filters are used for each scale. For coarse scales, the support of the discrete-time basis functions approaches two thirds that of the corresponding functions obtained by filterbank iteration. This basis, which is a special case of a class of bases described by Alpert (1992, 1993), retains the octave-band characteristic and is piecewise linear (but discontinuous). Closed-form expressions for the filters are given, an efficient implementation of the transform is described, and improvement in a denoising example is shown. This basis, being piecewise linear, is reminiscent of the slant transform, to which it is compared.
Efficacy of Ketamine in Anesthetic Dosage for the Treatment of Refractory Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: An Open-Label Phase II Study (2008)

This open-label trial suggests benefit in pain reduction, associated CRPS symptoms, improved quality of life and ability to work following anesthetic ketamine in previously refractory CRPS patients. However, a randomized controlled trial will be necessary to prove its efficacy.
<b>New polyacrylamide gel‐based methods of sample preparation for optical microscopy: immobilization of DNA molecules for optical mapping</b> (1996)

New methods have been developed for rapid immobilization of biological macromolecules and other microscopic objects from aqueous solution at gel/gel, gel/solid and gel/solution interfaces using thin polyacrylamide gels covalently bound to glass surfaces. When quickly spread over a dry gel, an aqueous sample loses most of its water and low-molecular-weight solutes due to migration of these components into the gel. All optically observable objects thus become concentrated at the gel surface and may be easily located by light microscopy. Based on this, a procedure for binding DNA at a positively charged gel/solution interface was developed. A mild immobilization of the DNA molecules was obtained, allowing 'all in focus' observations of DNA digestion by restriction endonucleases with an apparent rate close to that in solution.