gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutual coupling, gain and directivity of an array of two identical antennas (1976)

It is shown that there is an optimum nonzero value of mutual coupling and passive reflection coefficient that is a function of only the embedded element pattern and element spacing. Optimum is defined as yielding maximum array gain. For closely spaced arrays, the optimum mutual coupling and passive reflection coefficient are quite large, but tend to cancel in the active mode to produce a low active reflection coefficient. A smaller value of mutual coupling would give lower gain than the optimum case. This again demonstrates that mutual coupling is a natural and desirable effect in array behavior. It is well known that it is possible to achieve array superdirectivity, in the sense that the directivity of an array of " <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> " elements is greater than " <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> " times the embedded element directivity; however, in this case the mutual coupling and passive reflection produce an active reflection coefficient that results in an array gain lower than " <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> " times the embedded element gain. In fact, higher superdirectivity always implies lower gain, relative to embedded element gain.
Nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for medical applications (2010)

The adverse effects of nickel ions being released into the human body have prompted the development of high-nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for medical applications. Nitrogen not only replaces nickel for austenitic structure stability but also much improves steel properties. Here we review the harmful effects associated with nickel in medical stainless steels, the advantages of nitrogen in stainless steels, and emphatically, the development of high-nitrogen nickel-free stainless steels for medical applications. By combining the benefits of stable austenitic structure, high strength and good plasticity, better corrosion and wear resistances, and superior biocompatibility compared to the currently used 316L stainless steel, the newly developed high-nitrogen nickel-free stainless steel is a reliable substitute for the conventional medical stainless steels.
Collateral effects of deletion of nlpD on rpoS and rpoS-dependent genes. Reply. (2021)

In their Letter to the Editor, Tsunoi et al. (1) discuss a very interesting and relevant aspect of our published work (2) and suggest topics for further investigation. This published study identifies the E. coli NlpD protein as a potent regulator of gene expression in human cells. This effect is attributed to the inhibition of RNA polymerase II phosphorylation (Pol II), mediated, in part, by effects of NlpD on the Pol II RPB1 subunit and PAF1C (2, 3). The discovery of the NlpD effect was made possible by the isolation of a loss-of-function mutant (SN25) from a human carrier of the parent strain E. coli 83972, and a mutation strategy was devised to introduce the nlpD point mutation from SN25 into the parent strain and to complement SN25 with a fully functional nlpD gene cluster. To address whether NlpD exerts its effects on host cells independently or in synergy with sigma38 ( 38 ), the 5nlpD coding sequence was deleted in E. coli 83972, while leaving the rpoS promoter intact. The partial nlpD deletion mutant lost the ability to inhibit PAF1C and Pol II phosphorylation.
A learning-based contrarian trading strategy via a dual-classifier model (2011)

Behavioral finance is a relatively new and developing research field which adopts cognitive psychology and emotional bias to explain the inefficient market phenomenon and some irrational trading decisions. Unlike the experts in this field who tried to reason the price anomaly and applied empirical evidence in many different financial markets, we employ the advanced binary classification algorithms, such as AdaBoost and support vector machines, to precisely model the overreaction and strengthen the portfolio compositions of the contrarian trading strategies. The novelty of this article is to discover the financial time-series patterns through a high-dimensional and nonlinear model which is constructed by integrated knowledge of finance and machine learning techniques. We propose a dual-classifier learning framework to select candidate stocks from the past results of original contrarian trading strategies based on the defined learning targets. Three different feature extraction methods, including wavelet transformation, historical return distribution, and various technical indicators, are employed to represent these learning samples in a 381-dimensional financial time-series feature space. Finally, we construct the classifier models with four different learning kernels and prove that the proposed methods could improve the returns dramatically, such as the 3-year return that improved from 26.79% to 53.75%. The experiments also demonstrate significantly higher portfolio selection accuracy, improved from 57.47% to 66.41%, than the original contrarian trading strategy. To sum up, all these experiments show that the proposed method could be extended to an effective trading system in the historical stock prices of the leading U.S. companies of S&P 100 index.
Fuzzy precompensation of PID controllers (2002)

While PID controllers are widely used in industrial applications, they exhibit poor performance when applied to systems containing unknown nonlinearities, such as deadzones, saturation, and hysteresis. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy logic-based precompensation approach for PID controllers. We demonstrate the performance of our scheme via experiments performed on a DC servomotor position control testbed under varying load conditions. Our results show that the fuzzy precompensated PID controller has superior performance compared to conventional PID controllers. In addition, the proposed scheme is robust to variations in load. In our experimental testbed the variations in loading conditions correspond to variations in the level of nonlinearities in the plant. Our scheme is easily implemented in practice simply by adding a fuzzy precompensator to an existing PID controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
EU Regulation of Charitable Organizations: The Politics of Legally Enabling Civil Society (2008)

This article takes issue with those who view the introduction of a European regulation as the most effective way to facilitate nonprofit activity in the EU. It argues that the judicial route and not the legislative route may prove more fruitful if the aim is to achieve greater legal enablement of civil society organizations within the European Union.
William Tryon and the course of empire: a life in British imperial service (1991)

William Tryon's role in the affairs of British America during the last years of the empire, and his inability to stem the collapse of that empire, makes for a fascinating story. Royal governor of North Carolina from 1765 to 1771 and then of New York from 1771 to 1780, Tryon became a general in the British army attempting to quell the American rebellion. This biography covers his life in service to the Crown through the end of the American Revolution.Paul Nelson argues that Tryon was a talented colonial administrator and a successful, even popular, governor largely because he understood American thinking on such basic constitutional issues as taxation, finance, and trade policy. British home authorities failed to follow Tryon's sage counsel regarding the governance of the colonies, advice that might have forestalled the Revolution. In particular, Tryon, like Edmund Burke and others in Parliament, could not convince British ministers that Americans would never accept internal taxes imposed upon them by London.Once the war broke out and Tryon's role changed from governing to leading Loyalist American troops, he was an advocate of harsh, retributive warfare against his former charges. Nelson follows Tryon's military career, especially his debates with colleagues such as Sir Henry Clinton on the wisdom of hard-line versus conciliatory approach to the fighting. And after the war, Nelson shows, Tryon's connections with those unfortunate Americans who came out on the losing side of the great imperial struggle retained an important place in his life. An exciting drama in its own right, Tryon's story also serves to illuminate a number of issues important to historians of the Revolutionary War. Played out on two continents and in two important American colonies, amid the stirring events that resulted in the formation of the United States of America, Tryon's life is significant for understanding many aspects of politics and society in the Anglo-American world of the eighteenth century.Originally published in 1990.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
Convective Heat Transfer of Cubic Fin Arrays in a Narrow Channel (1998)

The present study explores the heat transfer enhancement induced by arrays of cubic fins. The fin element is either a cube or a diamond in shape. The array configurations studied include both in-line and staggered arrays of seven rows and five columns. Both cubic arrays have the same geometric parameters, i.e., H/D = 1, S/D = X/D = 2.5, which are similar to those of earlier studies on circular pin-fin arrays. The present results indicate that the cube element in either array always yields the highest heat transfer, followed by diamond and circular pin-fin. Arrays with diamond-shaped elements generally cause the greater pressure loss than those with either cubes or pin fins. For a given element shape, a staggered array generally produces higher heat transfer enhancement and pressure loss than the corresponding inline array. Cubic arrays can be viable alternatives for pedestal cooling near a blade trailing edge.
Reinforcement learning for licensed-assisted access of LTE in the unlicensed spectrum (2015)

In order to coexist with the WiFi systems in the unlicensed spectrum, Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks can utilize periodically configured transmission gaps. In this paper, considering a time division duplex (TDD)-LTE system, we propose a Q-Learning based dynamic duty cycle selection technique for configuring LTE transmission gaps, so that a satisfactory throughput is maintained both for LTE and WiFi systems. By explicitly taking the impact of IEEE 802.11n beacon transmission mechanism into account, we evaluate the coexistence performance of WiFi and LTE using the proposed technique. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can enhance the overall capacity performance by 19% and WiFi capacity performance by 77%, hence enabling effective coexistence of LTE and WiFi systems in the unlicensed band.
A Biodegradable Chelating Agent is Developed for Stimulation of Oil and Gas Formations (2003)

Abstract Chelating agents are materials that are used to control undesirable reactions of metal ions. In oilfield chemical treatments, chelating agents are frequently added to stimulation acids to prevent precipitation of solids as the acid spends on the formation being treated. These precipitates include iron hydroxide and iron sulfide. In addition, chelating agents are used as components in many scale removal/prevention formulations. This current study is related to development of improved and biodegradable polyaminocaboxylic acid chelating agent formulations. Chelating formulations based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) have been used extensively to control iron precipitation and to remove scale. Formulations based on nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) also are in use. Each of these materials has problems: 1) EDTA and DTPA have low solubility in hydrochloric acid and are not biodegradable. 2) NTA is acid soluble and biodegradable, but has a lower stability constant for iron than EDTA (or DTPA) and may be classified as an animal carcinogen. This paper describes the development and field-testing of formulations containing hydroxyethyliminodiacetate (HEIDA) salts for use in oilfield stimulation fluids. Sodium HEIDA can be used in all of the formulations requiring EDTA-type chelating agents, including those for iron control during acidizing, scale removal treatments, and well cleanout operations. HEIDA biodegrades much more easily than EDTA or DTPA and has a much smaller environmental footprint (biodegradation, less material and less toxic corrosion inhibitors) than these chemicals. HEIDA is more soluble in HCl than EDTA, and therefore can control more Fe3+ than EDTA. The new formulation can be used to dissolve calcite and gypsum scale. It also can be used in acidic or alkaline well cleanout formulations with surfactants and mutual solvents. Field trials have shown that HEIDA formulations can be 1:1 substitutes for EDTA in oil and gas well treatments.
Effect of angiotensin II induced hypertension on tumor blood flow and interstitial fluid pressure. (1993)

The effect of angiotensin II-induced hypertension on tumor interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP) and tumor blood flow (TBF) was investigated to examine blood flow and pressure regulation in solid tumors. TIFP measurements were made before and after administration of angiotensin II using the wick-in-needle method in s.c. tumor implants. Relative TBF was continuously monitored by laser doppler velocimetry. The effect of host strain on TIFP was evaluated in MCA-IV mammary carcinoma, transplanted in C3H and SCID mice, and showed no significant difference. The effects of tumor types were evaluated by comparing two murine tumors, MCA-IV mammary carcinoma and FSaII fibrosarcoma, and a human tumor xenograft, LS174T adenocarcinoma, transplanted in SCID mice. Baseline TIFP was elevated in all three tumor lines to significantly different pressures. AII-induced hypertension (approximately 150 mm Hg) had a variable but tumor line-specific effect on TIFP and TBF. The increase in TIFP was correlated with the baseline TIFP (r2 = 0.853) (increasing from 6.9 to 8.7 mm Hg, 10.5 to 15.8 mm Hg, and 21.7 to 29.4 mm Hg in FSaII, MCA-IV, and LS174T, respectively). These data suggest that in addition to blood flow redistribution due to the steal phenomenon, arterial control of TBF and TIFP exists within these solid tumors; however, the extent of control is tumor line dependent and less than that in normal tissues. Moreover, parallel increases in TIFP and TBF do not support the hypothesis that elevated TIFP causes vascular collapse and thus decreases TBF.
CORDIC trigonometric function generator for DSP (2003)

Very-high-speed simultaneous digital sine and cosine functions have a large number of applications in digital systems. The so-called CORDIC (COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer) algorithms are an efficient method of producing a variety of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and linear functions. A description is given of the architecture and CMOS implementation of a fast digital trigonometric function generator that uses the CORDIC algorithms to produce simultaneous sine and cosine functions at a 40-MHz sampling rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Three New Megastigmane Glucopyranosides from the Cardamine komarovii (2011)

Three new megastigmane glucopyranosides, komaroveside A [(3S,4R,5Z,7E)-3,4-dihydroxy-5,7-megastigmadien-9-one-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside] (1), komaroveside B [(3S,4S,5S,6R,7E)-5,6-epoxy-3,4-dihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside] (2) and komaroveside C [(3S,4S,5S,6R,7E,9S)-5,6-epoxy-3,4,9-trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside] (3) were isolated, together with eight known compounds, from Cardamine komarovii. The identification of these compounds and the elucidation of their structures were based on 1D- and 2D-NMR spectral data analysis. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, HCT15) in vitro using the sulforhodamine B bioassay.
A New Route to Treating Schizophrenia? (1998)

Last month's shootings of two Capitol Hill police officers were a sad reminder of how far we are from a cure for schizophrenia, the debilitating mental illness that plagues the alleged murderer. But work described in this issue suggests a new approach to schizophrenia drugs that may someday lead to better therapies for the condition, which afflicts 1% of the population of the United States alone.
Zinc partitions IGFs from soluble IGF binding proteins (IGFBP)-5, but not soluble IGFBP-4, to myoblast IGF type 1 receptors (2004)

Zinc (Zn(2+)), a multifunctional micronutrient, was recently shown to lower the affinity of cell-associated insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and IGFBP-5 for both IGF-I and IGF-II, but to increase the affinity of the cell surface type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) for the same two ligands. However, there is a need for data concerning the effects of Zn(2+) on soluble IGFBPs and the type 2 IGF receptor (IGF-2R). In the current work, we demonstrate that Zn(2+) affects the affinity of IGFBP-5 secreted by myoblasts but not IGFBP-4. Zn(2+), at physiological levels, depressed binding of both IGF-I and IGF-II to IGFBP-5, affecting (125)I-IGF-I more than (125)I-IGF-II. Both (125)I-IGF-I and (125)I-IGF-II bound to high and low affinity sites on IGFBP-5. Zn(2+) converted the high affinity binding sites of IGFBP-5 into low affinity binding sites. An IGF-I analog, (125)I-R(3)-IGF-I, did not bind to the soluble murine IGFBP-5. Zn(2+) also decreased the affinity of the IGF-2R on L6 myoblasts. In contrast, Zn(2+) increased IGF-I, IGF-II and R(3)-IGF-I binding to the IGF-1R by increasing ligand binding affinity on both P(2)A(2a)-LISN and L6 myoblasts. Soluble IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-4 depressed the binding of (125)I-IGF-I and (125)I-IGF-II to the IGF-1R, but did not affect binding of (125)I-R(3)-IGF-I. By depressing the association of the IGFs with soluble IGFBP-5, Zn(2+) partitioned (125)I-IGF-I and (125)I-IGF-II from soluble IGFBP-5 onto cell surface IGF-1Rs. This effect is not seen when soluble L6-derived IGFBP-4 is present in extracellular fluids. We introduce a novel mechanism by which the trace micronutrient Zn(2+) may alter IGF distribution, i.e. Zn(2+) acts to increase IGF-1R binding at the expense of IGF binding to soluble IGFBP-5 and the IGF-2R.
Efficient parallelisation of an MPEG-2 codec on a TMS320C80 video processor (2002)

This paper presents an efficient implementation of an MPEG-2 video codec on a specialised digital signal processor, the TMS320C80 MVP. The parallelisation strategies involved in our work are overviewed, the system-level task distributions are presented and the low-level optimisations are described. The obtained encoder-decoder is able to encode CIF-format 4:2:0 colour intra- and P-pictures in real-time (25 Hz) with one motion vector per 16/spl times/16 macroblock.
Study on improvement of sweetness of steviol bisglycosides: Selective enzymic transglucosylation of the 13-O-glycosyl moiety. (1989)

Based on studies on the acceptor specificity of the transglucosylation with cyclodextringlucosyltransferase (CGT-ase) as well as on the structure-sweetness relationship of steviol glycosides, selective elongation of the 13-O-glucosyl moiety of steviol bisglycosides was done to improve sweetness. The β-D-glucosyl ester group at the 19-carboxylic acid of rubusoside and stevioside was chemically replaced by β-D-galactosyl group as a blocker against the glucosylation and both the galactosyl esters were regioselectively 1, 4-α-glucosylated on the 13-glycosyl moiety with CGT-ase using soluble starch as a donor. Great improvement in sweetness was observed for the products which have three or four glucosyl units at the 13-position, while the products with five or six glucosyl units had less sweetness than the starting materials. It was also revealed that the sweetness of the products of the stevioside series were better than the corresponding isomers of the rubusoside series.
Optomechatronic response of high-performance force-sensing microlasers (2001)

The frequency response of force-measuring microlaser sensors (Nd:YAG) is tested in a special opto-mechatronic test setup. In this setup a piezo translator/frame configuration generates sinusoidal forces in the range from DC up to 100 kHz and higher. The force amplitude covers a range of approximately eight decades (1 N - 10 nN). Amplitude and phase response of the test setup including the laser sensor under test are measured. Because of the frequency-analogue output signal of the laser sensor, dynamic frequency measurements based on frequency/period counting, Bessel spectrum analyzing and FM-demodulation have to be performed. To conclude on the dynamic response of the microlaser itself the mechanical part of the test setup and the laser sensor is modeled mathematically. The theoretical response of the test setup is in good agreement with its measured frequency response, which means that modeling of the force-to-frequency conversion by the laser sensor is realistic. Based on static and dynamic measurement data, we conclude an excellent proportional response of the laser sensor for modulation frequencies up to 100 kHz. In this frequency range, the characteristics of the force-to-frequency conversion are strictly linear over approximately nine decades.
Assessment of a new hypnotic imidazo‐pyridine (zolpidem) as oral premedication. (1987)

1 A new imidazo-pyridine hypnotic (zolpidem 10 mg and 20 mg) was compared with placebo as premedication before general anaesthesia in female patients undergoing minor gynaecological surgery. Efficacy and tolerance before and after anaesthesia were assessed. Psychomotor testing was used to study recovery from anaesthesia. 2 Both doses of zolpidem produced good sedation pre-operatively but only the higher dose was associated with anterograde amnesia. 3 Premorbid anxiety scores were low in the group of patients studied and were unaffected by either dose of zolpidem. 4 There were no significant effects on the course of anaesthesia. However, postoperatively there was a tendency for wake-up to be delayed in those patients who received either dose of zolpidem. 5 Postoperative recovery, as indicated by tests of psychomotor performance, was noticeably delayed with a dose of 20 mg compared with placebo whilst psychomotor performance had returned towards baseline levels 3 h after wake-up in those patients who had received placebo. The zolpidem 10 mg group was intermediate. 6 Zolpidem may be a suitable premedicant when hypnosis and amnesia only are required.