gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tutorial: Reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering (R-HiPIMS) (2017)

High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) is a coating technology that combines magnetron sputtering with pulsed power concepts. By applying power in pulses of high amplitude and a relatively low duty cycle, large fractions of sputtered atoms and near-target gases are ionized. In contrast to conventional magnetron sputtering, HiPIMS is characterized by self-sputtering or repeated gas recycling for high and low sputter yield materials, respectively, and both for most intermediate materials. The dense plasma in front of the target has the dual function of sustaining the discharge and providing plasma-assistance to film growth, affecting the microstructure of growing films. Many technologically interesting thin films are compound films, which are composed of one or more metals and a reactive gas, most often oxygen or nitrogen. When reactive gas is added, non-trivial consequences arise for the system because the target may become “poisoned,” i.e., a compound layer forms on the target surface affecting the sputtering yield and the yield of secondary electron emission and thereby all other parameters. It is emphasized that the target state depends not only on the reactive gas' partial pressure (balanced via gas flow and pumping) but also on the ion flux to the target, which can be controlled by pulse parameters. This is a critical technological opportunity for reactive HiPIMS (R-HiPIMS). The scope of this tutorial is focused on plasma processes and mechanisms of operation and only briefly touches upon film properties. It introduces R-HiPIMS in a systematic, step-by-step approach by covering sputtering, magnetron sputtering, reactive magnetron sputtering, pulsed reactive magnetron sputtering, HiPIMS, and finally R-HiPIMS. The tutorial is concluded by considering variations of R-HiPIMS known as modulated pulsed power magnetron sputtering and deep-oscillation magnetron sputtering and combinations of R-HiPIMS with superimposed dc magnetron sputtering.
Matrix Calculus and the Stokes Parameters of Polarized Radiation (1954)

The specification of the state of polarization of beams of radiation by Stokes parameters is discussed. Mueller's method of regarding the Stokes parameters as column matrices and optical devices as represented by 4×4 matrices is described and examples of the procedure are given. The relation of the Stokes parameters to the Poincaré sphere representation is shown.
Y1Ba2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> and LaAlO3 composite thin films by off-axis magnetron sputtering (1992)

Thin-film composites of co-sputtered Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x and LaAlO3 have been deposited by off-axis magnetron sputtering. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction studies suggest that LaAlO3 precipitates along the grain boundaries of the Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x grains. The normal state conductivity, transition temperature, and critical current density systematically decreased with increasing LaAlO3 composition, consistent with a decrease in the coupling between Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x grains. Inductive transition widths were only a few degrees wide for all LaAlO3 compositions, indicating homogeneous materials. Initial photoresponse measurements show bolometric behavior near Tc and increased response for greater LaAlO3 compositions.
Tactical line-of-sight radio propagation reliability modeling (2002)

The Army Operations warfighting concept includes a need for reliable tactical communications worldwide. A line-of-sight (LOS) propagation reliability working group, convened by the US Army Communications-Electronics Command, has developed a propagation reliability model that relates the reliability of an LOS link to path length, radio frequency, equipment capability, and geophysical and meteorological variables. The geophysical and meteorological variables are described in terms of a climate factor. The importance of climate on the reliability of communications links has been amply demonstrated by experience in Southwest Asia. The propagation reliability model has been incorporated in a new battlefield automated system, the Joint Tactical Area Communications Systems (Provisional) Network Planning Terminal (NPT). The NPT provides the US Army with new capabilities for network planning and management, frequency management, communications engineering, and electronic warfare threat analysis of LOS tactical communications links for deployment anywhere in the world.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Principles of parametric temporal imaging. II. System performance (2000)

For pt. I, see ibid., vol. 36, p. 430, April 2000. The waveform manipulation technique known as temporal imaging can expand or compress signals in time while maintaining the shape of their envelope profiles. The temporal imaging system is analogous to that of its spatial counterpart, with dispersive propagation performing the role of diffraction and quadratic phase modulation in time acting as a "time lens." Recent work has concentrated on time lenses produced by the parametric mixing of the dispersed input signal with a linearly chirped optical pump pulse because of the broad bandwidth, and thus fine temporal resolution, that can be obtained. In a previous paper, we presented the numerous parametric imaging configurations that are possible and drew temporal ray diagrams to illustrate their operation. In this paper, we study the performance of these systems. Resolution, field of view, number of resolvable features, and distortions particular to this approach are discussed.
Position-Squared Coupling in a Tunable Photonic Crystal Optomechanical Cavity (2015)

Coupling the frequency of an electromagnetic cavity to the square of mechanical displacement of the cavity structure has been proposed for realizing quantum nondemolition measurements. Such measurement systems are now one step closer with the realization of a tunable microscale photonic crystal cavity with coupling that is some 5 orders of magnitude larger than in conventional Fabry-P\'erot resonators.
Mistletoe lectin is not the only cytotoxic component in fermented preparations of Viscum album from white fir (Abies pectinata) (2007)

The results suggest the existence of cytotoxic components other than mistletoe lectin in VAP-A and reveal an unexpected potential of this preparation for the treatment of breast and bladder cancer.
Expression and bioactivity of recombinant canine erythropoietin (1998)

Therapeutic use of rhEPO in companion animals is limited by its immunogenicity and the resulting potential to induce pure red cell aplasia. Development and availability of species-specific EPO preparations should avoid this problem.
Simple telecentric submillimeter lens with near-diffraction-limited performance across an 80  degree field of view (2016)

A simple and compact telecentric lens based on two hemispheric optical elements arranged in a formation resembling an "hourglass" is proposed and evaluated. Our modeling and experimental results show the ability of this lens in achieving high resolution over a large field of view. A prototype with 500 μm total thickness is built using silicon micromachining methods for a center wavelength of 1500 nm. Experimental measurement shows near-diffraction-limited performance and good telecentricity over an 80° field of view at a numerical aperture of 0.2. All elements of the hourglass lens are in direct contact, and hence the alignment is extremely simple. We believe the proposed lens is a good candidate for compact and low-cost multi-aperture imagers.
327 HIGH EFFICIENCY SWINE CLONING USING MONOGENIC AND POLYGENIC POOLS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CELLS (2010)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) of genetically modified (GM) cells is currently the most widely applied method for the creation of transgenic swine. However, significant clone-to-clone variation in the efficiency of SCNT for a variety of genetically modified cell lines is commonly observed and contributes to the expense of transgenic animal production. A retrospective look at our own results based on the use of monoclonal GM cell lines as donors revealed a dismal efficiency of only 13% (15 embryo transfers resulting in only 2 full term pregnancies). Thus, while SCNT of individual GM clones offers the perceived advantage of prior characterisation of transgene expression or structure, the variability of clonability for any given cell line adds risk to SCNT. In contrast, rates of pregnancy when we used pools of GM cells as donors for SCNT were much better (9 full term pregnancies from 11 transfers, ~82% efficiency). Four of these litters were derived from polyclonal but monogenic GM cell populations constitutively expressing either human APOBEC3G or YFP-Cre transgenes integrated using the Sleeping Beauty transposon system. Four litters relied on a novel approach, wherein different polyclonal and monogenic GM cell populations (containing different transgenes) were mixed before being used as donors for SCNT. For example, 2 litters were derived from the pooling of 2 GM cell populations carrying different tetracycline inducible or repressible shRNA transgenes, resulting in founders harboring each of the shRNA transgenes (4 in total). Two litters were also created from a pool of 3 distinct polyclonal cell populations, each harboring a different Cre-lox regulated transgene, resulting in the birth of 11 live piglets with founders corresponding to each of the transgenes. Thus, both mono- and polygenic pooling of GM cells significantly enhances the success of SCNT, largely avoiding variation in cell clonability. Furthermore, pooling results in a significant reduction in the time and number of surrogates required to generate a diversity of genetically modified pigs. Importantly, the use of Sleeping Beauty transgene integration resulted in a high rate of transgene-expressing founders. Where expected, the gene of interest transgenes were expressed in 23 of 29 founders (79%), whereas selectable marker transgene expression was observed in 35 of 40 founders (88%). The combination of efficient SCNT from polyclonal and polygenic cell populations and the high proportion of expressers delivered by Sleeping Beauty transgene integration offer a high-efficiency, low-risk solution to swine transgenesis.
The Higher Number and Longer Duration of Kenogen Hairs Are the Main Cause of the Hair Rarefaction in Androgenetic Alopecia (2018)

The progressive reduction of the number of terminal hairs and the simultaneous increase in the number of vellus hairs (hair miniaturization) are the current explanation of human baldness. In a 2.5-year study on 43 male subjects with androgenetic alopecia (AGA), we found that oral finasteride augmented the total number of hairs by 55%, but failed to decrease the prevalence of vellus hairs. While our data may explain why, in AGA, hairs become progressively softer and combable, they cannot explain why areas of hair rarefaction develop. We propose that the longer duration and higher frequency of kenogen hairs are the real mechanism through which the scalp hairs rarefy.
A Learning Management System to Support Face-to-Face Teaching Using the Microsoft Office System (2005)

A low-cost, effective learning management system to support face-to-face teaching using standard Microsoft Office System software is described. This paper goes on to discuss the implementation, hosting, content creation and usage issues encountered during an 8-month trial that covered two full teaching semesters at Bond University. Bond University, based on the Gold Coast, is Australiaâs first private university and specializes in small-class and face-to-face education. The learning management system called the SharePoint Alliance (SPA) was used to support this quality teaching and learning environment. We comment upon the effectiveness of SPA and how far it was able to support the needs of a learning management system by simply extending the standard information management software environment of a university.
A high-performance network intrusion detection system (1999)

In this paper we present a new approach for network intrusion detection based on concise specifications that characterize normal and abnormal network packet sequences. Our specification language is geared for a robust network intrusion detection by enforcing a strict type discipline via a combination of static and dynamic type checking. Unlike most previous approaches in network intrusion detection, our approach can easily support new network protocols as information relating to the protocols are not hard-coded into the system. Instead, we simply add suitable type definitions in the specifications and define intrusion patterns on these types. We compile these specifications into a high-performance network intrusion detection system. Important components of our approach include efficient algorithms for pattern-matching and information aggregation on sequences of network packets. In particular, our techniques ensure that the matching time is insensitive to the number of patterns characterizing different network intrusions, and that the aggregation operations typically take constant time per packet. Our system participated in an intrusion detection evaluation organized by MIT Lincoln Labs, where our system demonstrated its effectiveness (96% detection rate on low-level network attacks) and performance (real-time detection at 500Mbps), while producing very few false positives (0.05 to 0.1 per attack).
Cubature Kalman Filters (2009)

In this paper, we present a new nonlinear filter for high-dimensional state estimation, which we have named the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cubature</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Kalman</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">filter</i> (CKF). The heart of the CKF is a spherical-radial cubature rule, which makes it possible to numerically compute multivariate moment integrals encountered in the nonlinear Bayesian filter. Specifically, we derive a third-degree spherical-radial cubature rule that provides a set of cubature points scaling linearly with the state-vector dimension. The CKF may therefore provide a systematic solution for high-dimensional nonlinear filtering problems. The paper also includes the derivation of a square-root version of the CKF for improved numerical stability. The CKF is tested experimentally in two nonlinear state estimation problems. In the first problem, the proposed cubature rule is used to compute the second-order statistics of a nonlinearly transformed Gaussian random variable. The second problem addresses the use of the CKF for tracking a maneuvering aircraft. The results of both experiments demonstrate the improved performance of the CKF over conventional nonlinear filters.
Studies on platelet aggregation inhibitors in vivo. X. Relationship to thrombolysis. (1982)

Human labeled fibrin clots were inserted into femoral veins of stumptailed monkeys (Macaca arctoides). Thrombolysis was slightly increased by treatment with the platelet aggregation inhibitor pentoxifylline. This agent significantly potentiated the thrombolytic effect of urokinase activated human plasminogen. Pentoxifylline was also found to release plasminogen activator activity into the circulation.
Hidden Rhythms: Schedules and Calendars in Social Life (1981)

pathbreaking book on an important subject which, surprisingly, has been paid little attention by social scientists. Zerubavel writes with both learning and lucidity. His book is a pleasure to read. (Peter Berger). Others have written about the structuring of time, but few so insightfully and compellingly as Zerubavel. (Neil J. Smelser). This is a jewel of a book, one of the most important contributions to cultural sociology in recent years. Professor Zerubavel's easy blend of history, religion, science, politics, and social values makes this a study a delightful voyage of unexpected discovery and new awareness. It hink the title has misled some people into thinking this is a book on music or something of the sort. All the more reason to rejoice at this reissue in paperback. (David S. Landes). Rhythms is an exciting study of a subject that has net yet gained the attention it deserves among sociologists and other social scientists ...Zerubavel's book has the distinctive merit to discuss earlier approaches to the study of schedules and calendars and to add a series of extremely shrewd observations and calendars to add a series of extremely shrewd observations of his own on the sociology of time. His work seems indispensable for all those social scientists who have become conscious of the central position of the temporal dimension in the life of people and their society. (Lewis A. Coser). Eviatar Zerubavel's Hidden Rhythms is an original and highly imaginative analysis of the role time schedule plays in social life. Continuing the distinctive focus on social time Zerubavel develops in Patterns of Time in Hospital life, he provides in Hidden Rhythms more penetrating and profound analysis of the subtle and diverse significance of time in organizing our social relationships and lives. A joy to read. (Peter M. Blau).
A new echocardiographic approach for the detection of non-ischaemic fibrosis in hypertrophic myocardium (2007)

The 'double peak sign' in strain-rate imaging tracings seems to be a reliable tool to diagnose regional fibrosis.
Reactions of pentafluorophenylcopper reagent (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of pentafluorophenylcopper reagentRalph J. DePasquale and Christ TamborskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 6, 1736–1740Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01258a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01258a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Battery Energy Storage System Control for Intermittency Smoothing Using an Optimized Two-Stage Filter (2017)

A new method for the control of a battery energy storage system and its implementation on a 25 kW solar system to compensate solar power intermittency and improve distribution grid power quality is presented in this paper. The novelty of the proposed method is to provide a systematic way to optimize the size of the battery capacity for the desired level of solar power smoothing. This goal is achieved by designing a two-stage filter solution. The first stage is a fast response digital finite impulse response (FIR) filter that makes a trade-off between smoothing of the solar output and battery capacity. This paper proposes an optimal design of a minimum-length, low-group-delay FIR filter by employing convex optimization, discrete signal processing, and polynomial stabilization techniques. The new strategy proposed in this paper formulates the design of a length-N low-group-delay FIR filter as a convex second-order cone programming, which guarantees that all the filter zeros are inside the unit circle (minimum-phase). A quasi-convex optimization problem is formulated to minimize the length of the low-group-delay FIR filter. The second-stage filter is designed to level the battery charging load. The effectiveness and performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated by simulation results and also over a real-case implementation.
Fine Tuning the Inhibition Profile of Cyclosporine A by Derivatization of the MeBmt Residue (2012)

Unique respect: The biological properties of four CsA derivatives were fine-tuned by tractable modifications of the MeBmt residue. The new CsA derivatives share strong inhibitory activity toward cyclophilins (Cyps), but each is unique with respect to immunosuppressive action and cellular localization. These CsA analogues can be used to study the physiological roles of extracellular Cyps.
WASTED SOLIDS (SOLID WASTE) AND PAVEMENT DESIGN (1971)

FEASIBILITY STUDIES CONCERNING THE POSSIBLE USES OF WASTED SOLIDS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF HIGHWAY AND STREETS WERE CONDUCTED DUE TO THE GROWING SHORTAGE OF GOOD NATURAL AGGREGATES PLUS THE PROBLEMS OF DISPOSITION OF SOLID WASTES--PARTICULARLY NON-BIODEGRABLE PRODUCTS. ANOTHER CONSIDERATION WAS THAT THE ORIGINAL COSTS OF THESE WASTED PRODUCTS ARE CONSIDERABLY HIGH. OF CONCERN WAS THE PRESENT FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN AND MIXTURES WHICH HAVE ONLY LED TO PAVEMENT CRACKING--A STRESS RELIEVING INTERFACE WAS NEEDED. THE PRINCIPLE OF SELECTIVE DEWETTING WAS IMPLEMENTED TO INCREASE THE STRAIN CAPACITY OF MIXTURES. AGGREGATE COATED WITH PAPER PULP IN A COLD MIX MIGHT BE USED FOR SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE. ALL TYPES OF PAPER SOLIDS COULD BE USED. BEER BOTTLE PAVEMENTS, RUBBERIZED PAVEMENT, SCRAP PLASTIC PAVEMENT AND DRIED HORSE MANURE (DHM) STUDIES WERE PERFORMED IN THE LABORATORY TO DECREASE CRACKING OF THE SURFACE COURSE DUE TO THERMAL DISTRESS AND BASE OR FOUNDATION MOVEMENTS. CONSIDERING THE VARIOUS NEW METHODS FOR UTILIZATION OF WASTED SOLIDS, THE STRESS RELIEVING INTERFACE WAS DEVELOPED USING DONATED GROUND TIRES, EMULSION, SAND, ETC., OVERLAYING BASE MATERIAL. USED IN THIS WAY, PAVEMENT ANALOGS SHOW THAT THE STRESS RELIEVING INTERFACE (SRI) WILL IMPROVE A PAVEMENT SYSTEM OVER 400 PERCENT. IT IS PRIMARILY APPLICABLE TO MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS. GREATER IMPROVEMENT MAY BE ACHIEVED BY THE USE OF A FOUNDATION CRACK ARRESTER IMPLEMENTING A RUBBER-SAND INTERLOCKING LAYER WHICH UTILIZES SIDEWALL SECTIONS FROM DISCARED TIRES ARRANGED IN A GRID PATTERN BETWEEN THE BASE AND SUBBASE. SCRAP PLASTIC WAS ALSO EXPLORED TO IMPROVE ADHESION AND COHESION BETWEEN BINDER AND AGGREGATE IN ASPHALTIC CONCRETE. SCRAP GLASS AS AN AGGREGATE CAN REDUCE THERMAL DISTRESS BY A FACTOR OF 2 EXCEPT IN WARM CLIMATES AND THE USE OF GROUND TIRES ADDED TO THE SURFACE COURSE OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT IMPROVES THE MECHANICAL AGING INDEX. A MEMBRANE, USING GROUND TIRES, CAN REDUCE REFLECTION CRACKING DUE TO BASE MOVEMENTS BY OVER 400 PERCENT.