gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometry and topology of escape. I. Epistrophes (2003)

We consider a dynamical system given by an area-preserving map on a two-dimensional phase plane and consider a one-dimensional line of initial conditions within this plane. We record the number of iterates it takes a trajectory to escape from a bounded region of the plane as a function along the line of initial conditions, forming an "escape-time plot." For a chaotic system, this plot is in general not a smooth function, but rather has many singularities at which the escape time is infinite; these singularities form a complicated fractal set. In this article we prove the existence of regular repeated sequences, called "epistrophes," which occur at all levels of resolution within the escape-time plot. (The word "epistrophe" comes from rhetoric and means "a repeated ending following a variable beginning.") The epistrophes give the escape-time plot a certain self-similarity, called "epistrophic" self-similarity, which need not imply either strict or asymptotic self-similarity.
Plate Height of Nonuniform Chromatographic Columns. Gas Compression Effects, Coupled Columns, and Analogous Systems. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlate Height of Nonuniform Chromatographic Columns. Gas Compression Effects, Coupled Columns, and Analogous Systems.J. C. GiddingsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 3, 353–356Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60196a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60196a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fast and slow nerve growth factor binding sites in human neuroblastoma and rat pheochromocytoma cell lines: relationship of sites to each other and to neurite formation (1985)

We studied (a) the distribution and properties of fast and slow 125I-nerve growth factor (125I-NGF) binding sites in cultured human neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines that were categorized as responsive (N+) or unresponsive (N-) to NGF by neurite outgrowth, (b) whether fast or slow sites mediate actions of NGF, and (c) whether NGF-mediated conversion of fast to slow sites occurs in human NB and pheochromocytoma PC 12 cells. In human NB SH-SY5Y cells, the slow sites were trypsin resistant and binding was of high affinity. Loss of binding to the slow sites had a half-time of 25 to 30 min at 37 degrees C and was very slow at 4 degrees C. In contrast, the fast sites were trypsin sensitive and binding was of lower affinity; its dissociation half-time was less than 1 min at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The association rate constants of both sites were about 0.8 to 1.2 X 10(7) M-1 sec-1. Some human NB cells had both fast and slow sites. The N+ human NB lines SH-SY5Y and LA-N-5 had only slow sites. Despite the virtual elimination of fast sites by trypsin in NB MC-IXC cells, remaining slow sites could still efficiently bind 125I-NGF. These observations showed that fast sites are not required for slow site binding, neurite outgrowth, or other demonstrated actions of NGF in some NB cells. In PC 12 cells, 125I-NGF initially bound to fast sites was not directly transferred to slow sites as required for NGF-mediated conversion. The association rate constants of fast and slow sites in PC12 cells were both about 2 X 10(7) M-1 sec-1. The association kinetics were consistent with simple bimolecular reactions in both NB and PC12 cells. The combined evidence in NB and PC12 cells did not support the hypothesis of NGF-mediated conversion of fast to slow sites.
History of the <i>Journal of the American College of Toxicology</i> (2004)

This companion article to the History of the American College of Toxicology also is written in celebration of the 25th Anniversary of the American College of Toxicology (ACT). It relates how the official journal of the College evolved from a privately owned publication, the Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology (JEPT), into publications owned and managed by the College and its Board, for the first 17 years as the Journal of the American College of Toxicology (JACT) and currently as The International Journal of Toxicology (IJT). It relates how the first journal focused on toxicological studies, potential cancer causes and concerns associated with environmental contamination and chemical exposure safety issues. It tells how this journal was replaced by one more broadly based that addressed multiple industries and regulatory approaches, accepted previously unpublishable "no-effect" studies, so important in eliminating unwarranted animal use, and provided review articles, rather than only original research. It also described how the JACT evolved into an international journal finally recognized for its quality reviews and peer-reviewed research. Each of the three journals that represented the College is described, as well as interesting events associated with their development and publication, including the activities and contributions of the first four editors in chief, Drs. Myron A. Mehlman, Mildred S. Christian, Robert M. Diener and Harihara Mehendale.
4.3 A Multiphase Interpolating Digital Power Amplifier for TX Beamforming in 65nm CMOS (2019)

Future 5G communications will heavily leverage beamforming and MIMO techniques, owing to the improvement in data transmission capacity. In a transmit (TX) beamformer, the phase and amplitude of an array of TXs can be arbitrarily adjusted to spatially steer a transmitted beam toward a user or multiple users. The amplitude and direction of the beam is adjusted by controlling the gain and phase of each TX in the array. Gain is typically adjusted with a variable-gain amplifier in the driver chain. In recent beamforming TXs, four primary means to control the output beam angle have been leveraged. Passive RF phase shifting is bulky and lossy, owing to high losses in the passive elements, and is difficult to design to provide phase control through 360°. LO phase shifting often uses a single passive phase shifter or a multiphase ring oscillator, but these devices typically provide lower phase resolution. Digitally controlled delay lines provide a wider bandwidth response but suffer from reduced phase resolution as frequency is increased and can consume high power [1]. Digital phase-shifting techniques have recently shown promise in polar systems [2, 3], but the quadrature modulators, typically used for phase shifting, incur high loss if placed directly at the output stage.
Key splitting for random key distribution schemes (2012)

A large number of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) security schemes have been proposed in the literature, relying primarily on symmetric key cryptography. To enable those, Random Key pre-Distribution (RKD) systems have been widely accepted. However, WSN nodes are vulnerable to physical compromise. Capturing one or more nodes operating with RKD would give the adversary keys to compromise communication of other benign nodes. Thus the challenge is to enhance resilience of WSN to node capture, while maintaining the flexibility and low-cost features of RKD. We address this problem, without any special-purpose hardware, proposing a new and simple idea: key splitting. Our scheme does not increase per-node storage, and computation and communication overheads, and it can increase connectivity. More important, it achieves a significant increase in resilience to compromise compared to the state of the art, notably when the adversary does not have overwhelming computational power.
Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of low mobility group non‐histone proteins from myeloma cells (1985)

Abstract Non‐histone proteins (NHP) extracted from chromatin of two plasmocytoma cell lines, X63‐Ag8‐653 and Sp2/O‐Ag 14, with 0.35 M NaCl are analyzed by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These NHP have been fractionated into a high mobility group (HMG) and a low mobility group (LMG) using 2 % trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The HMG which is well‐characterized is soluble in 2 % TCA whereas the LMG precipitates. LMG resolubilization is difficult. Only a buffer containing glycerol, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and β‐mercaptoethanol enables them to be studied by polyacrylamide SDS electrophoresis. The LMG is clearly differentiated from the HMG by the predominance of high molecular weight proteins and by the high number of molecular species in a wide pH range. In the LMG there are also some diffrences between the two plasmocytoma cell lines. For example, a high molecular weight protein of 100 000 and p I 7.2–8.2 is present in Sp2/O‐Ag 14 but absent in X63‐Ag8–653. Also noticeable in the LMG proteins is the presence of low molecular weight proteins with high electrophoretic mobility.
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase--a new player in skeletal muscle metabolism regulation. (2006)

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is a rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleate (18:1) and palmitoleate (16:1), which are a major component of tissue lipids. SCD1 deficient mice reveal increased energy expenditure and decreased body adiposity due to the upregulation of genes of fatty acid oxidation and the downregulation of genes of lipid synthesis in liver. In this review, we examine data showing that SCD is an important component in the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism, which affects insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and ceramide de novo synthesis in oxidative myofibers. The lack of SCD1 gene increases the rate of fatty acid beta-oxidation through activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and by upregulating genes of fatty acid oxidation in soleus and red gastrocnemius muscles. Consistent with increased beta-oxidation, the contents of free fatty acids and long-chain acyl-CoAs are significantly decreased, which together with reduced mRNA level and activity of serine palmitoyltransferase led to reduced ceramide synthesis in oxidative muscles of SCD1-/- mice. Thus, reduced contents of free fatty acids, acyl-CoAs and ceramides as well as increased AMPK phosphorylation, might contribute to increased insulin sensitivity observed in muscle of SCD1-/- mice. SCD1 deficiency also results in downregulation of the expression of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B, which is responsible for the sustained insulin receptor autophosphorylation despite reduced levels of plasma insulin in the SCD1-/- mice. SCD1 deficiency reduced ceramide synthesis, increased AMPK phosphorylation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 activity also in soleus and red gastrocnemius muscles of leptin deficient ob/ob mice. These findings raise the possibility that SCD1 may be a downstream component of the leptin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle.
Optimization and Characterization of a Photo Definable BCB for HV3S and HVHBT Technologies (2011)

A 7µm and 9µm thick photo definable BCB process has been introduced into a GaAs manufacturing line for the HV3S and HVHBT technologies. This paper reviews the initial characterization, the process introduction and process issues encountered during the installation which include peeling nitride, a “wrinkled” BCB surface and bubbles in the BCB.
Mathematical model for process design and simulation of dephlegmators (partial condensers) for binary mixtures (1987)

Abstract A mathematical model of dephlegmation processes (i.e. of partial condensation with countercurrent flow of rising vapour and falling condensate) has been proposed and the results of the simulation have been compared with those of five series of experimental runs carried out with two different binary systems. The agreement between calculated and measured values of the variables (compositions, temperatures, heat transfer surface) has been found satisfactory. Moreover, the extent of the rectification obtained from the experimental runs is generally small and appears to be slightly sensitive to both the temperature and the flow rate of the coolant.
Three-dimensional time-slice migration (1990)

Abstract Three-dimensional migration of zero-offset data using a velocity varying with depth can be performed in one pass using Fourier transforms of time slices. The migration process is carried out entirely in the two-dimensional spatial Fourier domain. The algorithm consecutively filters and adds time slices of the 3-D data volume in a way that is equivalent to summing energy over the diffraction surface of a point scatterer. The partial energy being distributed along a circle in a time slice is properly added in each summation step.Time-slice migration is based on an integral solution of the acoustic wave equation known as the 'Kirchhoff integral.' The wavelet shape in a 3-D data volume is preserved throughout the entire migration process. The frequency characteristics are maintained by sum-ming weighted differences between time slices instead of summing the time slices themselves. Automatic weighting is achieved by time slicing at equal increments of diffraction radius. Tapering the summation operator reduces effects introduced by limiting the summation window. Time-slice migration preserves the frequency content of a 3-D data volume during summation in a natural way.Since the migration scheme assumes a constant velocity within the entire time slice, it is a local process in time which migrates a 3-D data volume with a constant velocity or with a velocity which varies with depth.The migration algorithm is applied to numerical and physical model data. This method is especially suitable for a migration of a targeted subset of the 3-D data volume.
Predicting Rotator Cuff Tears Using Data Mining and Bayesian Likelihood Ratios (2014)

Our predictive data mining models, combined with likelihood ratios and Bayesian theory, appear to be good tools to classify rotator cuff tears as well as determine the probability of the presence of the disease to enhance diagnostic decision making for rotator cuff tears.
Negotiating "cool Japan" in research and teaching (2017)

In June 2014 when the Diet, Japan ' s parliament, movedfi nally to criminalize the simple possession of child pornography images, expanding an earlier 1999 law that had already outlawed the production and dissemination of such images, there was consternation in the Anglophone 1 (that is, English-language) press. Numerous reports argued that Japan had not gone far enough- since the legislation was not extended to the creation or possession of fantasy images of characters who might " appear to be " children such as can be found in manga or anime. A plethora of sensationalist articles appeared over the course of a few weeks, condemning Japan as, among other things, " the Empire of Child Pornography " (Adelstein and Kubo 2014; see also Fackler 2014). Among them, an " undercover " CNN video report showed a scandalized journalist holding up a blurry image of a supposedly abusive manga cover (Ripley and Whiteman 2014). The reporter, however, chose a poor example for condemnation- the title blurred-out because it was " too graphic " to show was Dolls Fall 2 , which is, in fact, a popular title in the mystery/ horror genres (see Vincent 2014), 2 and is available for purchase in the United States on Amazon (where the cover can be easily viewed). It can also be read for free in an unauthorized English translation on sites such as Mangafox, where it received a 4.5 star viewer rating. 3 Any manga or anime fan familiar with Japan would have been able to see through the CNN report as the beatup it was, just another episode in the Anglophone press tradition of " Japan bashing. " Indeed, the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund (CBLDF) accused the CNN report of peddling misconceptions and " deliberate hyperbole " (Williams 2015).
Performance characterization of a novel flat plate micro heat pipe spreader (2002)

A combined numerical and experimental investigation was conducted on a novel flat plate micro heat pipe spreader, to better understand the effect of primary operating parameters governing the performance of such devices. A numerical thermal model was developed to predict the temperature response with variation in the leading geometrical, material and boundary parameters of the spreader, viz. wall thickness, thermal conductivity, power input and heat source size. The results showed that, unlike conventional heat pipes, wall thermal conductivity is a major factor in such thin, flat spreaders. The spreader performance also degrades with decrease in heat source size. Visualization experiments have been conducted to qualitatively understand the heat transfer phenomena taking place on these devices. These confirmed that the primary limitation to heat transfer from these devices was due to the capillary limitation of the wick structures.
In Vitro Bactericidal Activities of Linezolid in Combination with Vancomycin, Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, Fusidic Acid, and Rifampin against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2002)

The in vitro activities of linezolid were determined alone and in combination with vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, fusidic acid, or rifampin against five methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and five methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. Similar responses were obtained against MSSA and MRSA. When combined with fusidic acid, gentamicin, or rifampin, linezolid prevented selection of resistant mutants but showed no synergy. When linezolid was combined with vancomycin and ciprofloxacin, a slight antagonism was observed. While the combination with linezolid may reduce the emergence of mutants resistant to the associated drugs, the absence of synergy, especially in the case of vancomycin and ciprofloxacin, does not argue in favor of such combinations.
TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes: Nitrogen‐Ion Implantation at Low Dose Provides Noble‐Metal‐Free Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>‐Evolution Activity (2016)

Low-dose nitrogen implantation induces an ion and damage profile in TiO2 nanotubes that leads to "co-catalytic" activity for photocatalytic H2 -evolution (without the use of any noble metal). Ion implantation with adequate parameters creates this active zone limited to the top part of the tubes. The coupling of this top layer and the underlying non-implanted part of the nanotubes additionally contributes to an efficient carrier separation and thus to a significantly enhanced H2 generation.
Evaluating Automated Face Identity-Masking Methods with Human Perception and a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (2020)

Face de-identification (or “masking”) algorithms have been developed in response to the prevalent use of video recordings in public places. We evaluated the success of face identity masking for human perceivers and a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). Eight de-identification algorithms were applied to videos of drivers’ faces, while they actively operated a motor vehicle. These masks were pre-selected to be applicable to low-quality video and to maintain coarse information about facial actions. Humans studied high-resolution images to learn driver identities and were tested on their recognition of active drivers in low-resolution videos. Faces in the videos were either unmasked or were masked by one of the eight algorithms. When participants were tested immediately after learning (Experiment 1), all masks reduced identification, with six of eight masks reducing identification to extremely poor performance. In a second experiment, two of the most effective masks were tested after a delay of 7 or 28 days. The delay did not further reduce identification of the masked faces. In all masked conditions, participants maintained stringent decision criteria, with low confidence in recognition, further indicating the effectiveness of the masks. Next, the DCNN performed an identity-matching task between high-resolution images and masked videos—a task analogous to that done by humans. The pattern of accuracy for the DCNN mirrored some, but not all, aspects of human performance, highlighting the need to test the effectiveness of identity masking for both humans and machines. The DCNN was also tested on its ability to match identity between masked and unmasked versions of the same video, based only on the face. DCNN performance for the eight masks offers insight into the nature of the information in faces that is coded in these networks.
Detection of HIV DNA in peripheral blood by the polymerase chain reaction (1990)

We evaluated the applicability and performance of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a clinical setting in two independent studies. In a study of its applicability, the specificity and sensitivity of PCR for detection of HIV DNA were 100% (225 out of 225 seronegative, low-risk individuals tested negative) and 94% (67 out of 71 seropositive individuals tested positive), respectively. In a second study evaluating the performance of PCR, seven out of 474 (1.5%) antibody-negative specimens were found to be positive, 149 out of 151 (99%) antibody-positive specimens were positive, and 12 out of 13 (92%) antibody-indeterminate specimens were negative for HIV DNA. The results from these studies show that PCR in a clinical environment is specific and sensitive. PCR is also useful in the detection of HIV infection in the absence of HIV-specific antibody and the resolution of equivocal antibody results.
Sub-Terahertz Resonant Tunneling Diode Oscillators Integrated with Tapered Slot Antennas for Horizontal Radiation (2009)

This paper reports on the fabrication and oscillation characteristics of sub-terahertz resonant tunneling diode (RTD) oscillators integrated with tapered slot antennas for horizontal radiation. The device consists of a GaInAs/AlAs RTD and a resonator, waveguide, and tapered slot antenna on a semi-insulating InP substrate. The substrate under the tapered slot antenna was thinned to 20 µm to suppress radiation into the substrate. An oscillation frequency of 405 GHz and horizontal output power of 60 µW were observed at room temperature. A single-peak radiation pattern was obtained in the horizontal and vertical planes. The oscillation frequency, output power, and radiation pattern agreed well with theoretical analysis.