gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence induction of protoporphyrin IX by a new 5‐aminolevulinic acid nanoemulsion used for photodynamic therapy in a full‐thickness <i>ex vivo</i> skin model (2009)

An ex vivo porcine skin model was utilized to analyse the penetration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) contained in a nanoemulsion-based formulation BF-200 ALA (10% 5-ALA-hydrochloride) versus 16% aminolevulinate methyl ester-hydrochloride in a commercially cream (MAL cream) by fluorescence microscopy of their common metabolite protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) after 3, 5, 8 and 12 h. Fluorescence signals of PpIX in pig skin treated with BF-200 ALA were stronger than those for MAL cream. At 8 and 12 h, the PpIX fluorescence signals were 4.8- and 5.0-fold higher than those measured after MAL cream application. Fluorescence signals of PpIX after application of BF-200 ALA were detected in deeper tissue layers of the epidermis than after application of MAL cream (97.2 +/- 5.7 microm for BF-200 ALA vs 42.0 +/- 4.2 microm for MAL cream). These data implicate that BF-200 ALA in photodynamic therapy might lead to a superior therapeutically effect of intraepidermal (in situ) squamous cell carcinomas.
Rescuing vasculature with intravenous angiopoietin-1 and  v 3 integrin peptide is protective after spinal cord injury (2010)

Blood vessel loss and inflammation cause secondary degeneration following spinal cord injury. Angiopoietin-1 through the Tie2 receptor, and other ligands through alphavbeta3 integrin, promote endothelial cell survival during developmental or tumour angiogenesis. Here, daily intravenous injections with an alphavbeta3-binding peptide named C16 or an angiopoietin-1 mimetic following a spinal cord contusion at thoracic level 9 in mice rescued epicentre blood vessels, white matter and locomotor function, and reduced detrimental inflammation. Preserved vascularity and reduced inflammation correlated with improved outcomes. C16 and angiopoietin-1 reduced leukocyte transmigration in vitro. Growth factor receptors and integrins facilitate each others' function. Therefore, angiopoietin-1 and C16 were combined and the effects were additive, resulting in almost complete functional recovery. The treatment had lasting effects when started 4 h following injury and terminated after one week. These results identify alphavbeta3 integrin and the endothelial-selective angiopoietin-1 as vascular and inflammatory regulators that can be targeted in a clinically relevant manner for neuroprotection after central nervous system trauma.
Covalently bound DNA on naked iron oxide nanoparticles: Intelligent colloidal nano-vector for cell transfection General subjects (2017)

Conversely to common coated iron oxide nanoparticles, novel naked surface active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs) can covalently bind DNA. Plasmid (pDNA) harboring the coding gene for GFP was directly chemisorbed onto SAMNs, leading to a novel DNA nanovector (SAMN@pDNA). The spontaneous internalization of SAMN@pDNA into cells was compared with an extensively studied fluorescent SAMN derivative (SAMN@RITC). Moreover, the transfection efficiency of SAMN@pDNA was evaluated and explained by computational model.SAMN@pDNA was prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and computational methods, and molecular dynamic simulation. The size and hydrodynamic properties of SAMN@pDNA and SAMN@RITC were studied by electron transmission microscopy, light scattering and zeta-potential. The two nanomaterials were tested by confocal scanning microscopy on equine peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ePB-MSCs) and GFP expression by SAMN@pDNA was determined.Nanomaterials characterized by similar hydrodynamic properties were successfully internalized and stored into mesenchymal stem cells. Transfection by SAMN@pDNA occurred and GFP expression was higher than lipofectamine procedure, even in the absence of an external magnetic field. A computational model clarified that transfection efficiency can be ascribed to DNA availability inside cells.Direct covalent binding of DNA on naked magnetic nanoparticles led to an extremely robust gene delivery tool. Hydrodynamic and chemical-physical properties of SAMN@pDNA were responsible of the successful uptake by cells and of the efficiency of GFP gene transfection.SAMNs are characterized by colloidal stability, excellent cell uptake, persistence in the host cells, low toxicity and are proposed as novel intelligent DNA nanovectors for efficient cell transfection.
Magnetostrictive properties of Fe-Ga alloys under large compressive stresses (2005)

Summary form only given. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
The Evaluation and Treatment of First-episode Psychosis (1997)

A first episode of psychosis is a traumatic experience for patients and families. At the time of initial evaluation, the differential diagnosis should include a broad range of neurological, general medical, and psychiatric conditions. Methodological advances in operationally defining illness onset, "offset," and remission have allowed more careful studies of treatment response in first-episode patients. These studies strongly support the efficacy of antipsychotic medication as both acute and maintenance treatment for patients with a first episode of psychosis. The optimal duration of maintenance treatment, however, has not been determined, and patients at low risk for relapse following medication withdrawal cannot be identified with specificity. First-episode psychotic patients typically experience 12 to 24 months of psychosis before receiving treatment, and a long duration of untreated psychosis may be associated with a poorer treatment response. Early intervention may improve outcome in first-episode psychosis, and the use of novel antipsychotics with improved efficacy and fewer side effects may improve medication compliance and reduce morbidity associated with repeated relapses.
Analysing, Profiling and Optimising Orthogonal Persistence for Java (1997)

Persistent systems manage main memory as a cache for efficient access to frequently-accessed persistent data. Good cache management requires some knowledge of the semantics of the applications running against it. We are attacking the performance problems of persistence for Java through analysis, profiling, and optimisation of Java classes and methods executing in an orthogonally persistent setting. Knowledge of application behaviour is derived through analysis and profiling, and applied by both a static bytecode transformer and the run-time system to optimise the actions of Java programs as they execute against persistent storage. Our prototype will unify distinct persistence optimisations within a single optimisation framework, deriving its power from treatment of the entire persistent application, consisting of both program code and data stored in the database, for wholeapplication analysis, profiling and optimisation. Keywords: persistence, Java, bytecode, program analysis, dynami...
An Empirical Study on Firm Determinants of the Decision to Use e-Intermediaries (2007)

Electronic intermediary(e- intermediary) can be an efficient exporting channel to enter into the global market. Many exporters may believe that a direct Internet-based exchange is the most efficient channel. Major companies that have enough resources for international markets may agree with the argument. However, for small and medium enterprises(SMEs), it is risky, extremely time consuming, and costly to find an ideal counterpart directly in electronic international marketplaces. SMEs usually have limited knowledge and experience on foreign markets. E-intermediaries can help them to decrease the problems. Furthermore, e-intermediaries offer SMEs a level playing field in relation to their larger competitors, providing low-cost and efficient interconnectivity. This study is intended to examine some marketing determinants of e-intermediary use. In specific, internal factors(i.e., international competence and product's commodity content) and external factor(i.e., uncertainty) are empirically investigated through structural equation modeling(SEM). This study collected data from senior mangers of small and medium sized exporters in Korea. In the current globalized market, it is necessary for all exporters to gain competitive advantages that strengthen their market position and ensure their long-term success. This study has tried to convince exporters of the importance of e-intermediary as an efficient exporting strategy to achieve the competitive advantages.
Realization of Gmicro/200 (1988)

The Gmicro/200, a microprocessor that has been developed as part of Japan's TRON (The Real-Time Operating Nucleus) project, is described. This microprogram-based processor with six-state pipeline, 730000 transistors and on-chip caches will serve in an engineering workstation or a high-speed graphics accelerator system. The authors discuss features of the instruction set; memory management; handling of exceptions, interrupts and traps; and the implementation of the Gmicro/200.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimisation de la production de protéines hétérologues exportées chez Lactococcus lactis par inactivation de HtrA, son unique protéase de ménage de surface (2001)

Optimising the production of heterologous exported proteins in Lactococcus lactis by inactivation of HtrA, the unique housekeeping surface protease. The use of bacteria as cell factories to produce heterologous exported proteins is often limited by extra-cellular proteolysis. We constructed a Lactococcus lactis mutant strain in which recombinant or heterologous exported proteins are stable. A previously unknown membrane protease belonging to the HtrA/DegP family (HtrA LI ) was first identified in L. lactis subsp. lactis strain IL1403. Inactivation of the chromosomal gene revealed that HtrA LI acts as a surface housekeeping protease by elimination of abnormal and/or misfolded proteins, and that HtrA LI is also responsible for the maturation of natural exported proteins, such as the L. lactis bacteriolysin, AcmA. From an applied point of view, the most important result of our study is that in the absence of HtrA LI , the extra-cellular proteolysis of all tested proteins, in particular an heterologous one, is completely abolished, and the yield of intact protein is significantly increased. These results suggest that HtrA LI is the sole extra-cellular housekeeping protease in L. lactis, in agreement with the analysis of the complete IL1403 genome sequence. In the future, the mutant htrA strain should constitute an efficient tool to improve yields of heterologous exported proteins in L. lactis.
Ara h 1 CD4+ T cell epitope‐based peptides: candidates for a peanut allergy therapeutic (2013)

Short CD4(+) T cell epitope-based Ara h 1 peptides were identified as novel candidates for a safe, T cell targeted peanut-specific immunotherapy for HLA-diverse populations.
Affinity-Capture Tandem Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Polyprenyl-Linked Oligosaccharides: Tool to Study Protein N-Glycosylation Pathways (2008)

N-glycosylation of proteins is recognized as one of the most common post-translational modifications. Until recently it was believed that N-glycosylation occurred exclusively in eukaryotes before the discovery of the general protein glycosylation pathway (Pgl) in Campylobacter jejuni. To date, most techniques to analyze lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) of these pathways involve the use of radiolabels and chromatographic separation. Technologies capable of characterizing eukaryotic and the newly described bacterial N-glycosylation systems from biologically relevant samples in a quick, accurate, and cost-effective manner are needed. In this paper a new glycomics strategy based on lectin-affinity capture was devised and validated on the C. jejuni N-glycan pathway and the engineered Escherichia coli strains expressing the functional C. jejuni pathway. The lipid-linked oligosaccharide intermediates of the Pgl pathway were then enriched using SBA-agarose affinity-capture and examined by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS). We demonstrate that this method is capable of detecting low levels of LLOs, the sugars are indeed assembled on undecaprenylpyrophosphate, and structural information for expected and unexpected LLOs can be obtained without further sample manipulation. Furthermore, CE-MS analyses of C. jejuni and the E. coli "glyco-factories" showed striking differences in the assembly and control of N-glycan biosynthesis.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Live Recombinant Canarypox Virus Expressing HIV Type 1 gp120 MN tm/gag/protease LAI (ALVAC-HIV, vCP205) Followed by a p24E-V3 MN Synthetic Peptide (CLTB-36) Administered in Healthy Volunteers at Low Risk for HIV Infection (1999)

A live recombinant canarypox vector expressing HIV-1 gpl20 MN tm/gag/protease LAI (ALVAC-HIV, vCP205) alone or boosted by a p24E-V3 MN synthetic peptide (CLTB-36) was tested in healthy volunteers at low risk for HIV infection for their safety and immunogenicity. Both antigens were well tolerated. ALVAC-HIV (vCP205) induced low levels of neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 MN in 33% of the volunteers. None of them had detectable neutralizing antibodies against a nonsyncytium-inducing HIV-1 clade B primary isolate (Bx08). After the fourth injection of vCP205, CTL activity was detected in 33% of the volunteers and was directed against Env, Gag, and Pol. This activity was mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. On the other hand, the CLTB-36 peptide was poorly immunogenic and induced no neutralizing antibodies or CTLs. Although the ALVAC-HIV (vCP205) and CLTB-36 prime-boost regimen was not optimal, further studies with ALVAC-HIV (vCP205) are warranted because of its clear induction of a cellular immune response and utility as a priming agent for other subunit antigens such as envelope glycoproteins, pseudoparticles, or new peptides.
Properties of photoluminescence in type-II ZnMnSe∕ZnSeTe multiple quantum wells (2004)

The optical properties of type-II ZnMnSe∕ZnSeTe multiple quantum wells were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) measurement. It was found that the peak position of PL spectra shows a giant blueshift under a moderate optical excitation level. The giant blueshift can be interpreted in terms of the band-bending effect due to the spatially photoexcited carriers in a type-II alignment. We also found that the PL spectra exhibit a large in-plane polarization with respect to ⟨110⟩ axis with the polarization degree up to 12.4%. We showed that the polarization does not depend on the excitation intensity as well as temperature, which excludes the possibility of extrinsic mechanisms related to the in-plane anisotropy. The observed anisotropic effects of ZnMnSe∕ZnSeTe multiple quantum wells were attributed to the intrinsic property of the orientation of chemical bonds at the heterointerface of the type-II band alignment.
Performance evaluation of nanoclay enriched anti-microbial hydrogels for biomedical applications (2016)

A major factor contributing to the failure of orthopedic and orthodontic implants is post-surgical infection. Coating metallic implant surfaces with anti-microbial agents has shown promise but does not always prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, breakdown of these coatings within the human body can cause release of the anti-microbial drugs in an uncontrolled or unpredictable fashion. In this study, we used a calcium alginate and calcium phosphate cement (CPC) hydrogel composite as the base material and enriched these hydrogels with the anti-microbial drug, gentamicin sulfate, loaded within a halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). Our results demonstrate a sustained and extended release of gentamicin from hydrogels enriched with the gentamicin-loaded HNTs. When tested against the gram-negative bacteria, the hydrogel/nanoclay composites showed a pronounced zone of inhibition suggesting that anti-microbial doped nanoclay enriched hydrogels can prevent the growth of bacteria. The release of gentamicin sulfate for a period of five days from the nanoclay-enriched hydrogels would supply anti-microbial agents in a sustained and controlled manner and assist in preventing microbial growth and biofilm formation on the titanium implant surface. A pilot study, using mouse osteoblasts, confirmed that the nanoclay enriched surfaces are also cell supportive as osteoblasts readily, proliferated and produced a type I collagen and proteoglycan matrix.
A new method for obtaining high strength phenol formaldehyde resin-impregnated wood composites at low pressing pressure. (2009)

SHAMS MI & YANO H. 2009. A new method for obtaining high strength phenol formaldehyde resinimpregnated wood composites at low pressing pressure. To obtain high strength phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin-impregnated compressed wood at low pressure, we investigated the effects of sodium chlorite treatment followed by sodium hydroxide treatment prior to low molecular weight PF resin impregnation. Sawn veneers of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) were first treated with 2% aqueous solution of NaClO2 followed by 0.5% aqueous solution of NaOH. A total weight loss of 12% was obtained by the combination of these two treatments. It was found that the treatments showed potential for the marked deformation of PF resinimpregnated wood at low pressure. The result suggests that depolymerization or partial removal of lignin can be effective for the removal of hemicellulose, which softens the cell wall swollen by PF resin and makes it possible to compress wood remarkably at low pressing pressure. Pressure holding during compression caused creep deformation of resin-impregnated wood and resulted in density, Young’s modulus (MOE) and bending strength (MOR) of 1.16 g cm-3, 29 GPa and 307 MPa respectively at a pressing pressure of 1 MPa. This technique imparts high strength and attractive surface to plywood and other wood composite materials with conventional hot press equipment.
Seed Metabolome Analysis of a Transgenic Rice Line Expressing Cholera Toxin B-subunit (2017)

Plant-based human vaccines have been actively developed in recent years, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the best candidate crops for their production and delivery. By expressing a modified cholera toxin B (CTB) subunit, we previously developed MucoRice-CTB, a rice-based vaccine against cholera, which is caused by infection of the intestine with the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. MucoRice-CTB lines have been extensively characterized by whole-genome sequencing and proteome analyses to evaluate the mutation profiles and proteome status, respectively. Here, we report non-targeted metabolomic profiling of the MucoRice-CTB transgenic rice line 51A (MR-CTB51A), MucoRice-RNAi (MR-RNAi), and their non-transgenic parent line by using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The levels of several amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and secondary metabolites were significantly increased in MR-CTB51A compared with the non-transgenic parent line. These metabolomics results complement essential information obtained by genome sequencing and proteomics approaches, thereby contributing to comprehensive understanding of the properties of MucoRice-CTB as a plant-based vaccine.
High-performance graphene/sulphur electrodes for flexible Li-ion batteries using the low-temperature spraying method (2015)

Elementary sulphur (S) has been shown to be an excellent cathode material in energy storage devices such as Li-S batteries owing to its very high capacity. The major challenges associated with the sulphur cathodes are structural degradation, poor cycling performance and instability of the solid-electrolyte interphase caused by the dissolution of polysulfides during cycling. Tremendous efforts made by others have demonstrated that encapsulation of S materials improves their cycling performance. To make this approach practical for large scale applications, the use of low-cost technology and materials has become a crucial and new focus of S-based Li-ion batteries. Herein, we propose to use a low temperature spraying process to fabricate graphene/S electrode material, where the ink is composed of graphene flakes and the micron-sized S particles prepared by grinding of low-cost S powders. The S particles are found to be well hosted by highly conductive graphene flakes and consequently superior cyclability (∼70% capacity retention after 250 cycles), good coulombic efficiency (∼98%) and high capacity (∼1500 mA h g(-1)) are obtained. The proposed approach does not require high temperature annealing or baking; hence, another great advantage is to make flexible Li-ion batteries. We have also demonstrated two types of flexible batteries using sprayed graphene/S electrodes.
Inhibition of pentose cycle of A549 cells by 6-aminonicotinamide: consequences for aerobic and hypoxic radiation response and for radiosensitizer action. (1988)

Metabolism of glucose via the pentose cycle is a principal source of NADPH, an important cellular reducing species. Both aerobic and hypoxic irradiation stimulate the pentose cycle activity of A549 human lung carcinoma cells, which indicates that NADPH is utilized during irradiation, either as a direct hydrogen donor or as a cofactor for enzymatic repair of radiation damage. To evaluate the role of the pentose cycle in radiation response, we treated A549 cells with 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), which blocks the oxidative limb of this pathway in some cell lines. We found 6-AN to be a very effective inhibitor of pentose cycle activity, as indicated both by accumulation of 6-phosphogluconate in A549 cells and by the inability of nitrofurazone or peroxide to stimulate release of 14CO2 from 14C-1-labeled glucose after 6-AN treatment. Effects of 6-AN were time and concentration dependent; it caused partial inhibition of glycolysis but had no effect on respiratory rate or on intracellular glutathione levels. Effects of 6-AN on radiation response were examined under two conditions: 1) after treatment with 0.3 mM drug for 5 hours, which inhibited pentose cycle activity by 50%, and 2) after treatment for 15 hours, which completely inhibited pentose cycle activity. Neither treatment affected aerobic radiation response, but both increased hypoxic sensitivity to a similar extent, with the oxygen enhancement ratio reduced from 3.0 to 2.0 at a 0.05 surviving fraction. Treatment of A549 cells with 6-AN caused an increase in hypoxic cell radiosensitization by misonidazole, but effects of the combined agents were not more than additive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Autonomous navigation in drone racecourse (2017)

This paper reports the challenges and solutions to autonomously navigate in a drone racecourse with adjustable course gates and reconfigurable obstacles. The work fulfills the educational goals of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) through the Autonomous Unmanned Air Vehicle Racing program by MIT Beaver Works, a joint venture between Lincoln Laboratory and School of Engineering. Rising high-school seniors are selected nationwide. After completing an online course in the spring, offered by multidisciplinary experts from all over the world, the students develop team projects in the summer through a four-week residential program. The tasks include the coding of a quadrotor with sensors and controllers, aided by a ground station, as well as the development of a sensing, control, and planning system with efficient algorithms. The experiments show the quadrotor's capability of autonomous navigation in unknown racecourses while avoiding obstacles. The final race day leverages the lessons learned and challenges the students to test their new skills against the clock. Future work will incorporate research skills into this world-class STEM program.