gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue-specific Soluble Sugars in Seeds as Indicators of Storage Category (1996)

The accumulation of specific soluble carbohydrates has been implicated in the acquisition of desiccation tolerance and improved longevity in orthodox seeds, leading to the hypothesis that carbohydrate composition might be used as a diagnostic marker for seed storage category. We have studied the sugar composition of 46 tissues from seeds of 18 species, covering 13 genera and ten families, and representing three seed storage categories: orthodox, intermediate and recalcitrant. Soluble carbohydrate extracts from each tissue were analysed using High pH Anion Exchange Chromatography. Total sugar content and sucrose level of the embryo were highly variable across all species and no simple association with seed storage physiology was evident. Monosaccharide levels were found to be low in most seeds studied, including those of the recalcitrant category. Sucrosyl-oligosaccharides, raffinose and stachyose, were observed to be lower in recalcitrant seeds compared to orthodox seeds. In general, orthodox and recalcitrant seeds had tissues with sucrosyl-oligosaccharide:sucrose mass ratios of > 0·143 (i.e. 1:7) and < 0·083 (1:12) respectively. Moreover, large variations in the content of these sugars were noted between different tissues within the recalcitrant and intermediate seeds. The results from the present study in combination with data in the literature show that the ratio of sucrosyl-oligosaccharide isucrose in seed tissues is generally a good indicator of seed storage category.
Augmented Reality Navigation Interfaces Improve Human Performance In End-Effector Controlled Telerobotics (2010)

On the International Space Station (ISS) and space shuttles, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has used robotic manipulators extensively to perform payload handling and maintenance tasks. Teleoperating robots require expert skills and optimal performance is crucial to mission completion and crew safety. Degradation in performance is observed when manual control is mediated through remote camera views, resulting in poor end-effector navigation quality and extended task completion times. This thesis explores the application of three-dimensional augmented reality (AR) interfaces specifically designed to improve human performance during end-effector controlled teleoperations. A modular telerobotic test bed was developed for this purpose and several experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the effect of camera placement on end-effector manipulation performance was evaluated. Results show that increasing misalignment between the displayed end-effector and hand-controller axes (display-control misalignments) increases the time required to process a movement input. Simple AR movement cues were found to mitigate the adverse effects of camera-based teleoperation and made performance invariant to misalignment. Applying these movement cues to payload transport tasks correspondingly demonstrated improvements in free-space navigation quality over conventional end-effector control using multiple cameras. Collision-free teleoperations are also a critical requirement in space. To help the operators guide robots safely, a novel method was evaluated. Navigation plans computed by a planning agent are presented to the operator sequentially through an AR interface. The plans in combination with the interface allow the operator to guide the end-effector through collision-free regions in the remote environment safely. Experimental results show significant benefits in control performance including reduced path deviation and travel distance. Overall, the results show that AR interfaces can improve performance during manual control of remote robots and have tremendous potential in current and future teleoperated space robotic systems; as well as in contemporary military and surgical applications.
TET1 is a maintenance DNA demethylase that prevents methylation spreading in differentiated cells (2014)

TET1 is a 5-methylcytosine dioxygenase and its DNA demethylating activity has been implicated in pluripotency and reprogramming. However, the precise role of TET1 in DNA methylation regulation outside of developmental reprogramming is still unclear. Here, we show that overexpression of the TET1 catalytic domain but not full length TET1 (TET1-FL) induces massive global DNA demethylation in differentiated cells. Genome-wide mapping reveals that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine production by TET1-FL is inhibited as DNA methylation increases, which can be explained by the preferential binding of TET1-FL to unmethylated CpG islands (CGIs) through its CXXC domain. TET1-FL specifically accumulates 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at the edges of hypomethylated CGIs, while knockdown of endogenous TET1 induces methylation spreading from methylated edges into hypomethylated CGIs. We also found that gene expression changes after TET1-FL overexpression are relatively small and independent of its dioxygenase function. Thus, our results identify TET1 as a maintenance DNA demethylase that does not purposely decrease methylation levels, but specifically prevents aberrant methylation spreading into CGIs in differentiated cells.
High fill-factor two-axis analog micromirror array for 1×N/sup 2/ wavelength-selective switches (2004)

We report on a two-axis analog micromirror array with high fill factor (96%) and large mechanical scan angles (/spl plusmn/4.4/spl deg/ and /spl plusmn/3.4/spl deg/). To our knowledge, this is the highest linear fill factor ever reported for two-axis analog micromirror arrays. A 1/spl times/14 wavelength-selective switch (WSS) was also demonstrated using the mirror array. This is the largest number of port count ever reported for WSS. The fiber-to-fiber insertion loss is 8.2 dB. Switching of <2 msec has been achieved.
Low coherence technique to characterise reflectivityand timedelay as a function of wavelength within a long fibre grating (1996)

A new technique for obtaining both time delay and reflectivity as a function of wavelength within a long fibre Bragg grating is presented. A narrowband wavelength-tunable reflector with a 0.18 nm bandwidth is used to select the interrogation wavelength, while optical coherence-domain reflectometry is used to obtain the time delay with better than 2 ps accuracy.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Complex Microbial Communities (2016)

In the two decades since mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was first applied to visualize the distribution of peptides across biological tissues and cells, the technique has become increasingly effective and reliable. MSI excels at providing complementary information to existing methods for molecular analysis-such as genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics-and stands apart from other chemical imaging modalities through its capability to generate information that is simultaneously multiplexed and chemically specific. Today a diverse family of MSI approaches are applied throughout the scientific community to study the distribution of proteins, peptides, and small-molecule metabolites across many biological models. The inherent strengths of MSI make the technique valuable for studying microbial systems. Many microbes reside in surface-attached multicellular and multispecies communities, such as biofilms and motile colonies, where they work together to harness surrounding nutrients, fend off hostile organisms, and shield one another from adverse environmental conditions. These processes, as well as many others essential for microbial survival, are mediated through the production and utilization of a diverse assortment of chemicals. Although bacterial cells are generally only a few microns in diameter, the ecologies they influence can encompass entire ecosystems, and the chemical changes that they bring about can occur over time scales ranging from milliseconds to decades. Because of their incredible complexity, our understanding of and influence over microbial systems requires detailed scientific evaluations that yield both chemical and spatial information. MSI is well-positioned to fulfill these requirements. With small adaptations to existing methods, the technique can be applied to study a wide variety of chemical interactions, including those that occur inside single-species microbial communities, between cohabitating microbes, and between microbes and their hosts. In recognition of this potential for scientific advancement, researchers have adapted MSI methodologies for the specific needs of the microbiology research community. As a result, workflows exist for imaging microbial systems with many of the common MSI ionization methods. Despite this progress, there is substantial room for improvements in instrumentation, sample preparation, and data interpretation. This Account provides a brief overview of the state of technology in microbial MSI, illuminates selected applications that demonstrate the potential of the technique, and highlights a series of development challenges that are needed to move the field forward. In the coming years, as microbial MSI becomes easier to use and more universally applicable, the technique will evolve into a fundamental tool widely applied throughout many divisions of science, medicine, and industry.
Repair of the degenerate retina by photoreceptor transplantation (2012)

Despite different aetiologies, age-related macular degeneration and most inherited retinal disorders culminate in the same final common pathway, the loss of photoreceptors. There are few treatments and none reverse the loss of vision. Photoreceptor replacement by transplantation is proposed as a broad treatment strategy applicable to all degenerations. Recently, we demonstrated restoration of vision following rod-photoreceptor transplantation into a mouse model of stationary night-blindness, raising the critical question of whether photoreceptor replacement is equally effective in different types and stages of degeneration. We present a comprehensive assessment of rod-photoreceptor transplantation across six murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration. Transplantation is feasible in all models examined but disease type has a major impact on outcome, as assessed both by the morphology and number of integrated rod-photoreceptors. Integration can increase (Prph2(+/Δ307)), decrease (Crb1(rd8/rd8), Gnat1(-/-), Rho(-/-)), or remain constant (PDE6β(rd1/rd1), Prph2(rd2/rd2)) with disease progression, depending upon the gene defect, with no correlation with severity. Robust integration is possible even in late-stage disease. Glial scarring and outer limiting membrane integrity, features that change with degeneration, significantly affect transplanted photoreceptor integration. Combined breakdown of these barriers markedly increases integration in a model with an intact outer limiting membrane, strong gliotic response, and otherwise poor transplantation outcome (Rho(-/-)), leading to an eightfold increase in integration and restoration of visual function. Thus, it is possible to achieve robust integration across a broad range of inherited retinopathies. Moreover, transplantation outcome can be improved by administering appropriate, tailored manipulations of the recipient environment.
Synthesis of Norbornene Derivative Using Diels-Alder Reaction (2011)

Cyclopentadiene is an important material for making norbornene, and can synthesize norbornene dicarboxylic ester through the maleate and Diels-Alder reaction. Also, a structure similar to that of the representative PVC plasticizer dioctyl phthalate(DOP) was synthesized, so as to confirm the structure of compounds through 1H-NMR, FT-IR, Mass, and HPLC, and to compare the basic properties with those of DOP.
Analysis of a gain-of-function FGFR2 Crouzon mutation provides evidence of loss of function activity in the etiology of cleft palate (2010)

Cleft palate is a common birth defect in humans and is a common phenotype associated with syndromic mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2). Cleft palate occurred in nearly all mice homozygous for the Crouzon syndrome mutation C342Y in the mesenchymal splice form of Fgfr2. Mutant embryos showed delayed palate elevation, stage-specific biphasic changes in palate mesenchymal proliferation, and reduced levels of mesenchymal glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Reduced levels of feedback regulators of FGF signaling suggest that this gain-of-function mutation in FGFR2 ultimately resembles loss of FGF function in palate mesenchyme. Knowledge of how mesenchymal FGF signaling regulates palatal shelf development may ultimately lead to pharmacological approaches to reduce cleft palate incidence in genetically predisposed humans.
Derivation of a cardiac arrest prediction model using ward vital signs* (2012)

The cardiac arrest risk triage score is simpler and more accurately detected cardiac arrest and intensive care unit transfer than the Modified Early Warning Score. Implementation of this tool may decrease rapid response team resource utilization and provide a better opportunity to improve patient outcomes than the modified early warning score.
Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty (1993)

tubing increases levels of turbulence in the fluid entering the tube and this results in a slight increase in resistance to flow.2The true explanation for the net increase in forward flow during pulsation in Tamaki et al's apparatus could be more complex, being dependent on a slight forward pump- like effect resulting from asymmetry of the arrangement of tubes and vessels on either side of the valveless pumping chamber.Before explaining this hypothesis, how- ever, a second point needs to be made regarding the apparatus of Tamaki et al.
Upregulated Hoxc6 expression is associated with poor survival in gastric cancer patients (2013)

Human Hox genes (Homeobox) have crucial roles in development and differentiation, regulating numerous processes including apoptosis, receptor signalling, differentiation, motility and angiogenesis. Aberrant expression of Hoxc6 gene has been reported in several tumor tissues and cancer cell lines. The prognostic significance of Hoxc6 in gastric cancer remains largely unknown.This study was aimed to investigate the clinical significance of Hoxc6 in gastric cancer.Total RNA of paired tissue samples (n=25) and a tissue microarray containing 161 paired tissues from patients with gastric cancers at different stages were collected. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunochemistry assay were carried out to investigate the expression of Hoxc6. Hoxc6 mRNA was increased in gastric cancer tissues ( 16 of 25) compared with the adjacent normal mucosa (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical detection showed that expression of Hoxc6 was associated with the depth of tumor invasion (P<0.05). Patients with higher expression levels of Hoxc6 had a shorter overall survival rate (P<0.05).Hoxc6 might contribute to the progression of gastric carcinogenesis and may be a significant predictor of poor survival in patients with gastric cancer after curative operations.
deepTools: a flexible platform for exploring deep-sequencing data (2014)

We present a Galaxy based web server for processing and visualizing deeply sequenced data. The web server's core functionality consists of a suite of newly developed tools, called deepTools, that enable users with little bioinformatic background to explore the results of their sequencing experiments in a standardized setting. Users can upload pre-processed files with continuous data in standard formats and generate heatmaps and summary plots in a straight-forward, yet highly customizable manner. In addition, we offer several tools for the analysis of files containing aligned reads and enable efficient and reproducible generation of normalized coverage files. As a modular and open-source platform, deepTools can easily be expanded and customized to future demands and developments. The deepTools webserver is freely available at http://deeptools.ie-freiburg.mpg.de and is accompanied by extensive documentation and tutorials aimed at conveying the principles of deep-sequencing data analysis. The web server can be used without registration. deepTools can be installed locally either stand-alone or as part of Galaxy.
Structure-oriented lumping: describing the chemistry of complex hydrocarbon mixtures (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure-oriented lumping: describing the chemistry of complex hydrocarbon mixturesR. J. Quann and S. B. JaffeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 11, 2483–2497Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00011a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1706Altmetric-Citations284LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Recombinant full-length tissue factor pathway inhibitor fails to bind to the cell surface: implications for catabolism in vitro and in vivo (2000)

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) plays a key role in the regulation of tissue factor-initiated blood coagulation secondary to loss of the integrity of the blood vessel wall. TFPI is a naturally occurring Kunitz-type protease inhibitor that inhibits coagulation factor Xa and, in a factor Xa-dependent manner, mediates feedback inhibition of the factor VIIa/tissue factor catalytic complex. In vivo full-length TFPI is thought to be primarily bound to the vascular endothelium and the high affinity binding requires an intact carboxy terminus. Here we describe a full-length TFPI molecule, expressed in mouse C127 cells (TFPI(C127)), which exhibits virtually no cellular binding yet contains the intact carboxy terminus. This TFPI (TFPI(C127)) is neither internalized nor degraded via the TFPI endocytic receptor, LDL-receptor-related protein. Pharmacokinetic studies of TFPI(C127 )in vivo demonstrate a 10-fold prolongation in the plasma half-life, compared with that of bacterial recombinant TFPI. (Blood. 2000;95:1973-1978)
WindowBox: a simple security model for the connected desktop (2000)

Breaches in computer security do not just exploit bugs in applications; they are often also the result of mismanaged protection mechanisms. The tools available to protect sensitive resources and networks are tedious to use, non-intuitive, and often require expert knowledge. As a result, many PC and workstation users end up administering their system security poorly, creating serious security vulnerabilities. This paper presents a new security model, WindowBox, which presents the user with a model in which the workstation is divided into multiple desktops. Each desktop is sealed off from the others, giving users a means to confine the possibly dangerous results of their actions. We have implemented our security model on Windows 2000, leveraging the existing desktop metaphor, the ability to switch between multiple desktops, and specific kernel security mechanisms. 1
New Steroidal Glycosides from Rhizomes of<i>Clintonia udensis</i> (2008)

A total of 10 steroidal glycosides, together with three new spirostanol glycosides (6-8), a new furostanol glycoside (9), and a new cholestane glycoside (10), were isolated from the rhizomes of Clintonia udensis (Liliaceae). The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 2-D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, and of hydrolytic cleavage followed by chromatographic or spectroscopic analyses. The isolated glycosides were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HL-60 leukemia cells. Spirostanol glycosides 1 and 2, and furostanol glycoside 4 showed cytotoxic activity with IC(50) values of 3.2+/-0.02, 2.2+/-0.12, and 2.2+/-0.06 microg/ml, respectively. Neither the spirostanol and furostanol saponins with a hydroxy group at C-1 (6 and 9) and C-12 (7 and 8) nor cholestane glycosides (5 and 10) exhibited apparent cytotoxic activity at a sample concentration of 10 microg/ml.
Fundamental Theory of Forced Power Oscillation in Power System (2006)

The fundamental theory of forced power oscillation in power system is explained by a single-machine infinite-bus power system model. The main factors related to the forced power oscillation are analyzed, and the forced power oscillation in the single-machine infinite-bus power system is verified by digital simulation. The theory of forced power oscillation in power system proves that the forced power oscillation may be caused by a sustained cyclic small disturbance in power system, and the resonance could be induced if the frequency of the sustained cyclic small disturbance is close to an inherent oscillation frequency, so that it leads to forced power oscillation with high amplitude. The amplitude of forced power oscillation induced by resonance is related with the amplitude of disturbance and the damping of the inherent oscillation mode. The higher the amplitude of disturbance is, the larger the amplitude of resonance is; the stronger the damping of the inherent oscillation mode is, the smaller the amplitude of resonance is. The behavior of forced power oscillation induced by resonance is similar to that of low frequency power oscillation induced by negative damping which is one of free oscillations, but the causes of these two types of power oscillations are different.
Discovering urban spatial-temporal structure from human activity patterns (2012)

Urban geographers, planners, and economists have long been studying urban spatial structure to understand the development of cities. Statistical and data mining techniques, as proposed in this paper, go a long way in improving our knowledge about human activities extracted from travel surveys. As of today, most urban simulators have not yet incorporated the various types of individuals by their daily activities. In this work, we detect clusters of individuals by daily activity patterns, integrated with their usage of space and time, and show that daily routines can be highly predictable, with clear differences depending on the group, e.g. students vs. part time workers. This analysis presents the basis to capture collective activities at large scales and expand our perception of urban structure from the spatial dimension to spatial-temporal dimension. It will be helpful for planers to understand how individuals utilize time and interact with urban space in metropolitan areas and crucial for the design of sustainable cities in the future.