gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Biomass of Maize with Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data (2016)

The accurate estimation of crop biomass during the growing season is very important for crop growth monitoring and yield estimation. The objective of this paper was to explore the potential of hyperspectral and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data for better estimation of the biomass of maize. First, we investigated the relationship between field-observed biomass with each metric, including vegetation indices (VIs) derived from hyperspectral data and LiDAR-derived metrics. Second, the partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to estimate the biomass of maize using VIs (only) and LiDAR-derived metrics (only), respectively. Third, the fusion of hyperspectral and LiDAR data was evaluated in estimating the biomass of maize. Finally, the biomass estimates were validated by a leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) method. Results indicated that all VIs showed weak correlation with field-observed biomass and the highest correlation occurred when using the red edge-modified simple ratio index (ReMSR). Among all LiDAR-derived metrics, the strongest relationship was observed between coefficient of variation (H C V of digital terrain model (DTM) normalized point elevations with field-observed biomass. The combination of VIs through PLS regression could not improve the biomass estimation accuracy of maize due to the high correlation between VIs. In contrast, the H C V combined with H m e a n performed better than one LiDAR-derived metric alone in biomass estimation (R2 = 0.835, RMSE = 374.655 g/m2, RMSECV = 393.573 g/m2). Additionally, our findings indicated that the fusion of hyperspectral and LiDAR data can provide better biomass estimates of maize (R2 = 0.883, RMSE = 321.092 g/m2, RMSECV = 337.653 g/m2) compared with LiDAR or hyperspectral data alone.
Twelve Weeks of Pioglitazone Therapy Significantly Attenuates Dysmetabolism and Reduces Inflammation in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients—A Randomized Crossover Trial (2012)

Blood triglycerides were not altered after 12 weeks of PIO 15 mg once daily in CAPD patients, but parameters of dysmetabolism were markedly improved, including insulin resistance, inflammation, and adipokine balance, suggesting that PIO could be of value for this high-risk patient group. Larger, more definitive studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Adapting to Circumstances: The Evolution of Work, School, and Living Arrangements Among North American Youth (1997)

We use comparable micro data sets for the U.S. and Canada to study the responses of young workers to the extemal labor market forces that have affected the two countries over the past 25 years. We find that young workers adjust to changes in labor market opportunities through a variety of mechanisms, including changes in living arrangements, changes in school enrollment, and changes in work effort. In particular, we find that poor labor market conditions in Canada explain why the fraction of youth living with their parents has increased in Canada relative to the U.S. recently. Paradoxically, this move back home also explains why the relative position of Canadian youth in the distribution of family income did not deteriorate as fast as in the U.S.
Volume 29 (2020)

The 2019-2020 disClosure collective is thrilled to present the 29th volume of disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory. This volume focuses on theories of populism and brings together a wide range of perspectives relating to the phenomenon, experience, and study of populism. The recent uptick in populism signals political, economic, and/or social unrest across the globe, yet, populism remains a phenomenon that is difficult to define. Our goal with this volume was not to define populism. Instead, this issue engages conversations about the various types and origins of populisms, as it is our belief that the development and definition of populism is both historically and socially contingent.
The Porcine Ovarian Follicle. IV. Mucopolysaccharides at Different Stages of Development1 (1979)

Concentrations of mucopolysaccharides (MPS) were measured in porcine follicular fluid by a high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure. Three peaks of material were apparent in follicular fluid of small (1–2 mm), medium (3–5 mm) and large (6–12 mm) follicles. Two peaks have been identified as chondroitin-like material and heparan sulfate. The third peak of small molecular size has not been characterized. Concentrations of chondroitin-like material decreased 8-fold with follicular maturation, while concentrations of heparan sulfate decreased 2-fold. Extracts prepared from granulosa cells aspirated with the follicular fluid also contain MPS and they were qualitatively similar to those found in follicular fluid except for the absence of Peak III material. The degree of sulfation of the chondroitins increased with follicular maturation. Gonadotropins and steroids may regulate synthesis and secretion of MPS by granulosa cells since production of MPS varies during maturation of the follicle. The physiological role of MPS in follicular and oocyte maturation, ovulation and atresia remains to be determined.
Packet-based Network Traffic Classification Using Deep Learning (2019)

Recently, the advent of many network applications has led to a tremendous amount of network traffic. A network operator must provide quality of service for each application on the network. To accomplish this goal, various studies have focused on accurately classifying application network traffic. Network management requires technology to classify network traffic without the intervention of the network operator. In this study, we generate packet-based datasets through our own network traffic pre-processing. We train five deep learning models using the convolutional neural network (CNN) and residual network (ResNet) to perform network traffic classification. Finally, we analyze the network traffic classification performance of packet-based datasets using the f1 score of the CNN and ResNet deep learning models, and demonstrate their effectiveness.
Synthesis of Well-Ordered Nanopores by Anodizing Aluminum Foils in Sulfuric Acid (2002)

Well-ordered nanostructures were produced on industrial aluminum foils by one-, two-, and three-step anodizing processes performed in sulfuric acid at cell potentials between 15 and 25 V. Almost perfect triangular lattices of nanopores were obtained by the two- and three-step anodizing processes. It was found that the third step in the anodizing process neither significantly improves the ordering of the pores nor enlarges the size of the well-ordered domains. The effective growth rate of the oxide layer was calculated for various cell potentials and compared with literature data. The effect of the anodizing time on the ordering of pores and the size of the domains was established. The pore diameters and the interpore distances were evaluated for various cell potentials, too. Anodizing in sulfuric acid results in small pore sizes and interpore distances compared to the ones obtained by anodizing in phosphoric and oxalic acids.
Temporally Weighted Linear Prediction Features for Tackling Additive Noise in Speaker Verification (2010)

Text-independent speaker verification under additive noise corruption is considered. In the popular mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) front-end, the conventional Fourier-based spectrum estimation is substituted with weighted linear predictive methods, which have earlier shown success in noise-robust speech recognition. Two temporally weighted variants of linear predictive modeling are introduced to speaker verification and they are compared to FFT, which is normally used in computing MFCCs, and to conventional linear prediction. The effect of speech enhancement (spectral subtraction) on the system performance with each of the four feature representations is also investigated. Experiments by the authors on the NIST 2002 SRE corpus indicate that the accuracy of the conventional and proposed features are close to each other on clean data. For factory noise at 0 dB SNR level, baseline FFT and the better of the proposed features give EERs of 17.4% and 15.6%, respectively. These accuracies improve to 11.6% and 11.2%, respectively, when spectral subtraction is included as a preprocessing method. The new features hold a promise for noise-robust speaker verification.
Rapid solute transport throughout the brain via paravascular fluid pathways. (1990)

Solutes in CSF have rapid access to ECS throughout the CNS (within 5-10 min). This occurs by solute/fluid influx through PVS around penetrating arteries, followed by longitudinal spread along the BL of capillaries to reach venules and veins. These paravascular pathways can be demonstrated light-microscopically by infusion of the tracer protein, HRP, into SAS and the subsequent localization of this probe molecule in brain sections using the sensitive histochemical method based on TMB. This unidirectional tracer/fluid movement along the intraparenchymal vascular network, with accompanying spread into the cerebral interstitium, appears to be facilitated by the pulsation of penetrating arterioles within their PVS with each cardiac contraction.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors counteract diabetes- and hypoxia-induced retinal vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression (2004)

We hypothesize that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation is an important mechanism in the oxidative stress-related development of diabetic retinopathy. In the experiments reported here, we evaluated if: a) PARP activation is present in the retina in short-term diabetes; and b) PARP inhibitors, 3-aminobenzamide and 1,5-isoquinolinediol, counteract diabetes- and hypoxia-induced retinal VEGF formation. In vivo studies were performed in control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated with/without 3-aminobenzamide or 1,5-isoquinolinediol (30 and 3 mg/kg per day, intraperitoneally, for 2 weeks after 2 weeks of diabetes). In vitro studies were performed in human retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to normoxia or hypoxia with/without 3-aminobenzamide and 1,5-isoquinolinediol at 200 and 2 micro M. Retinal immunostaining for poly(ADP-ribose) was increased and NAD concentration reduced in diabetic rats, and both variables were corrected by PARP inhibitors. Retinal VEGF protein (ELISA, immunohistochemistry), but not mRNA (ribonuclease protection assay) abundance, was increased in diabetic rats, and this increase was corrected by both 3-aminobenzamide and 1,5-isoquinolinediol. PARP inhibitors did not affect retinal glucose, sorbitol pathway intermediates or lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. Hypoxia caused a several-fold increase in both VEGF-mRNA and protein in retinal pigment epithelial cells. VEGF mRNA overexpression was only slighly blunted by PARP inhibitors whereas VEGF protein was corrected. In conclusion, PARP is involved in diabetes- and hypoxia-induced VEGF production at post-transcriptional level, downstream from the sorbitol pathway activation and oxidative stress. The results justify studies of PARP inhibitors in models of retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy.
Multi-armed bandits in metric spaces (2008)

In a multi-armed bandit problem, an online algorithm chooses from a set of strategies in a sequence of $n$ trials so as to maximize the total payoff of the chosen strategies. While the performance of bandit algorithms with a small finite strategy set is quite well understood, bandit problems with large strategy sets are still a topic of very active investigation, motivated by practical applications such as online auctions and web advertisement. The goal of such research is to identify broad and natural classes of strategy sets and payoff functions which enable the design of efficient solutions.
WATER CONTAINER LINER (1967)

Abstract : New materials and designs for OCD 17-1/2 gallon water containers were investigated. Recommendations are given for upgrading the present 'bag-type' liners and for making a more reliable blow molded, stackable liner. Packaging of the water disinfectant is also recommended to prevent an excess amount from being added to the water, since this contributes to liner failures.
Research on Relational Database and NoSQL Based on XML Data (2015)

With the rapid development of electronic commerce, huge transaction data is produced every day. How to store these data effectively and mine knowledge from these data has become the key urgent problem to solve. This paper first introduces the NO_SQL database MongoDB and its advantages. Then we have a compare on writing and reading performance between MogoDB and MySQL when storing XML document. Finally we have a conclusion that MongoDB has higher performance than MySQL by experiment, and No-SQL is a good choice when querying in massive data.
Amino Acid Determinants of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Surface Expression (2000)

Transient transfection has not been a successful method to express the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor such that these receptors are detected on the cell surface. This is not the case for all ligand-gated ion channels. Transient transfection with the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 subunit cDNA results in detectable surface receptor expression. Cell lines stably expressing the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor produce detectable, albeit variable, levels of surface receptor expression. alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor surface expression is dependent, at least in part, on cell-specific factors. In addition to factors provided by the cells used for receptor expression, we hypothesize that the surface expression level in transfected cells is an intrinsic property of the receptor protein under study. Employing a set of alpha7-5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 chimeric receptor subunit cDNAs, we expressed these constructs in a transient transfection system and quantified surface receptor expression. We have identified amino acids that control receptor distribution between surface and intracellular pools; surface receptor expression can be manipulated without affecting the total number of receptors. These determinants function independently of the cell line used for expression and the transfection method employed. How these surface expression determinants in the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor might influence synaptic efficacy is discussed.
Valine, Not Methionine, Is Amino Acid 106 in Human Cytosolic Thymidine Kinase (TK1) (2000)

Cytosolic thymidine kinase (TK1) cDNA from human lymphocytes was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized with respect to the ATP effect on thymidine affinity and oligomerization. Sequence analysis of this lymphocyte TK1 cDNA and 21 other cDNAs or genomic TK1 DNAs from healthy cells or leukemic or transformed cell lines revealed a valine at amino acid position 106. The TK1 sequence in NCBI GenBank(TM) has methionine at this position. The recombinant lymphocyte TK1(Val-106) (rLy-TK1(Val-106)) has the same enzymatic and oligomerization properties as endogenous human lymphocyte TK1 (Ly-TK1); ATP exposure induces an enzyme concentration-dependent reversible transition from a dimer to a tetramer with 20-30-fold higher thymidine affinity (K(m) about 15 and 0.5 microm, respectively). Substitution of Val-106 with methionine to give rLy-TK1(Met-106) results in a permanent tetramer with the high thymidine affinity (K(m) about 0.5 microm), even without ATP exposure. Furthermore, rLy-TK1(Met-106) is considerably less stable than rLy-TK1(Val-106) (t(12) at 15 degrees C is 41 and 392 min, respectively). Because valine with high probability is the naturally occurring amino acid at position 106 in human TK1 and because this position has high impact on the enzyme properties, the Val-106 form should be used in future investigations of recombinant human TK1.
The reality of a brane new world (2001)

It is said that one of the world's most eminent quantum-gravity theorists was once asked to explain in his institution's annual report what he did. He declined, claiming that his work was far too complicated for the general public to understand. All the more credit to Stephen Hawking for having seized the challenge.
Influence of nanoparticle surface modification on the electrical behaviour of polyethylene nanocomposites (2005)

In this study, we present the results of the influence of surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles on the short-term breakdown strength and space charge distribution of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). A polar silane coupling agent N-(2-aminoethyl) 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (AEAPS) was used for the nanoparticle surface modification. Despite agglomeration and a poor interface compared to untreated nanoparticles, it was found that the incorporation of polar groups onto the nanoparticle surface improved both the dielectric breakdown strength and space charge distribution as compared to samples filled with untreated nanoparticles. Microstructure studies showed that the presence of polar groups on the TiO2 nanoparticle surface did not evidently affect the degree of crystallinity, crystalline morphology (except for internal spherulitic order), and chemical structure of the polymer matrix. The improved dielectric breakdown strength was therefore concluded to be directly due to beneficial effects related to the variation of the electrical features at the particle surface due to introduction of polar groups. For the same reason, with the use of surface modified nanoparticles, formation of space charge was suppressed.
Prognostics and Health Management: A Review on Data Driven Approaches (2015)

Prognostics and health management (PHM) is a framework that offers comprehensive yet individualized solutions for managing system health. In recent years, PHM has emerged as an essential approach for achieving competitive advantages in the global market by improving reliability, maintainability, safety, and affordability. Concepts and components in PHM have been developed separately in many areas such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and statistical science, under varied names. In this paper, we provide a concise review of mainstream methods in major aspects of the PHM framework, including the updated research from both statistical science and engineering, with a focus on data-driven approaches. Real world examples have been provided to illustrate the implementation of PHM in practice.
Distinct Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes Differentially Modulate Acetylcholine Release from Corticocerebral Synaptosomes (1990)

The effect of McN-A-343 and oxotremorine on acetylcholine (ACh) release and choline (Ch) transport was studied in corticocerebral synaptosomes of the guinea pig. The synaptosomes were preloaded with [3H]Ch after treatment with the irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, and then tested for their ability to release isotope-labeled ACh and Ch in the presence and absence of these agents. The kinetics of release were determined at the resting state (basal release) and in the presence of 50 mM K+. Under either condition, McN-A-343 enhanced the release of isotope-labeled ACh, whereas oxotremorine inhibited the K(+)-evoked release but had no effect on the basal release. The enhancing effect of McN-A-343 on basal ACh release was fully blocked by the selective M1 muscarinic antagonist, pirenzepine (100 nM). In contrast to its enhancing effect on ACh release, McN-A-343 potently inhibited Ch efflux as well as Ch influx. These effects were not blocked by atropine, a nonselective muscarinic antagonist. Oxotremorine had no effect on Ch transport. Binding studies showed that McN-A-343 was 3.6-fold more potent in displacing radiolabeled quinuclidinyl benzilate from cerebral cortex muscarinic receptors (mostly M1 subtype) than from cerebellar receptors (mostly M2 subtype), whereas oxotremorine was 2.6-fold more potent in the cerebellum. The displacements of radio-labeled pirenzepine and cis-dioxolane confirmed the M1 subtype preference of McN-A-343 and the M2 subtype preference of oxotremorine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stable expression of the nuclear vitamin D receptor in the human prostatic carcinoma cell line JCA-1: evidence that the antiproliferative effects of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are mediated exclusively through the genomic signaling pathway. (1996)

The secosteroid hormone 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] has been found to regulate the growth and differentiation of human prostate cancer cells, although the precise mechanisms mediating these effects have not been defined. 1,25-(OH)2D3 is capable of acting through both nongenomic signaling pathways involving a membrane-associated receptor and genomic pathways involving the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). The primary purpose of this study was to directly evaluate the role of the nuclear VDR in mediating the growth inhibitory effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on human prostate cancer cells. The cell line JCA-1 was used because it fails to express detectable number of VDRs and is not measurable affected by 1,25-(OH)2D3 in growth studies. These cells were stably transfected with a wild-type VDR complementary DNA construct producing the following results: 1) the expression of high affinity nuclear VDRs, 2) the dose-dependent inhibition of growth by 1,25-(OH)2D3, and 3) a significant increase in 24-hydroxylase up-regulation by 1,25-(OH)2D3 compared to that in controls. These data indicate that nuclear VDR expression is sufficient to mediate the antiproliferative effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on prostate cancer cells. In addition, because the stereoisomer 1 beta, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 failed to block these antiproliferative effects, we conclude that nongenomic mechanisms of action are not requisite for growth inhibition by 1,25-(OH)2D3.
Computation of Matrix Chain Products. Part I (1982)

This paper considers the computation of matrix chain products of the form $M_1 \times M_2 \times \cdots \times M_{n - 1} $. If the matrices are of different dimensions, the order in which the product is computed affects the number of operations. An optimum order is an order which minimizes the total number of operations. We present some theorems about an optimum order of computing the matrices. Based on these theorems, an $O(n\log n)$ algorithm for finding an optimum order will be presented in Part II.
Weight loss/maintenance as an effective tool for controlling type 2 diabetes: novel methodology to sustain weight reduction (2012)

The type 2 diabetes epidemic closely parallels the obesity epidemic. Although weight loss is frequently initiated successfully, most patients regain substantial amounts of weight within the first year after completing a weight loss programme. Several studies have shown success over time with weight loss and type 2 diabetes prevention and/or remission. These include the Diabetes Prevention Program and the Look AHEAD study. Novel approaches to weight management have recently found their way onto the internet. With advances in medicine, there has been more patient success in the weight maintenance field. We review the Weight Management System that permits daily counselling to patients who have been losing or maintaining weight. The Weight Management System is a method that combines four fundamental elements: (1) remote daily weight monitoring by the system and the health professional; (2) daily feedback from the system and, when necessary, the health professional; (3) customized information for the needs and desires of the particular patient; and (4) a proprietary algorithm to detect early signs of weight regain. Recent beta testing of this system has confirmed Dr Rena Wing's statistics and has opened up a novel approach to long-term weight management and diabetes prevention.
A Homo-Proline Tetrazole as an Improved Organocatalyst for the Asymmetric Michael Addition of Carbonyl Compounds to Nitro-Olefins (2005)

A new homo-proline tetrazole derivative 7 has been prepared and shown to have improved properties for achieving asymmetric Michael addition of carbonyl compounds to nitro-olefins.