gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification, characterization, and cellular localization of the 100-kDa human placental GTPase-activating protein. (1993)

Human placenta contains, in addition to the ubiquitous p120-GTPase-activating protein (GAP), another isoform of 100 kDa, which is specific to this organ. We have established a method for purifying this placental p100-GAP to near homogeneity. The purified p100-GAP allowed the preparation of polyclonal and monoclonal anti Ras-GAP antibodies. Two monoclonal antibodies were selected for a two-site enzyme immunoassay. This simple and accurate assay in turn facilitated the detection of the GAPs during purification. The purified p100-GAP has a specific activity identical to and catalytic properties similar to those of native p120-GAP. Sequence analysis of p100-GAP revealed almost total identity to the known corresponding sequences predicted by the cDNA. The purified p100-GAP kept its activity for 1 year when stored at -80 degrees C. Our immunometric assay showed GAP to be present in human placental extracts at the exceptional abundance of about 0.1% of the total protein content. Quantitative assays showed p100-GAP to be up to 10 times more abundant than p120-GAP. Use of our antibodies allowed the specific localization of placental GAPs to cytotrophoblasts and in the syncytiotrophoblast barrier. Hence p100-GAP is shown to be found only in trophoblasts. The large quantity of p100-GAP in trophoblasts suggests that it may play a regulatory role in the proliferation or the differentiation of this cell type.
Mining Useful News Information Based on Reader Feedback for Building News Communities (2013)

Due to the rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICTs), the Internet has become one of the most important communication media for journalism. Models of reader reception of information have changed with websites providing con venient and interactive user interfaces for communicating information instantly. However, this evolution has generated an unprecedented challenge for traditional communication media such as print newspapers. Online news sites need to create unique content to attract readers, and need to develop engaging community management services with Web 2.0 interactive mechanisms to compete with other websites and retain user attention. This work presents a novel online news platform that facilitates the construction of a University Press reader community. This platform can automatically analyze the reader community dataset of University newspapers, including an opinion deviation indicator, popularity indicator, and topicality indicator for each news story. Based on fuzzy inference, the proposed online news platform can select targeted news stories using these three indicators to identify top news stories that promote debate and interactivity within a reader community and promote communication efficiency and reader engagement. Experimental results reveal that the proposed interactive mechanisms satisfy the needs of most readers and correctly display top news stories that readers find interesting. Additionally, the proposed online news platform can assist journalists in understanding reader needs while promoting online social interaction.
Performance of congestion control mechanisms in wormhole routing networks (2002)

In order to minimize latency in high-speed interconnection networks, the wormhole routing technique can be employed. With this technique, a switch transmits an incoming message as soon as it receives it, without waiting for the entire message. The problem then is that a message stretches over several links and locks network resources, thus making a contention situation possible. Two principal congestion control mechanisms cast be considered, backpressure flow control and deflection routing. The performance of these mechanisms depends both on the traffic characteristics and on the network topology. In order to compare them, we study analytically the behavior of a wormhole routing network model with random input traffic under both policies. We estimate the probability of collision between messages and express the average message transit delay as a function of the offered load. Simulation provides a good confirmation for the analytical results. This study gives us an understanding of the behavior of the system under different resource management policies.
Cloning of a gene cluster encoding biphenyl and chlorobiphenyl degradation in Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (1986)

A gene cluster encoding biphenyl- and chlorobiphenyl-degrading enzymes was cloned from a soil pseudomonad into Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1161. Chromosomal DNA from polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 was digested with restriction endonuclease XhoI and cloned into the unique XhoI site of broad-host-range plasmid pKF330. Of 8,000 transformants tested, only 1, containing the chimeric plasmid pMFB1, rendered the host cell able to convert biphenyls and chlorobiphenyls to ring meta cleavage compounds via dihydrodiols and dihydroxy compounds. The chimeric plasmid contained a 7.9-kilobase XhoI insert. Subcloning experiments revealed that the genes bphA (encoding biphenyl dioxygenase), bphB (encoding dihydrodiol dehydrogenase), and bphC (encoding 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase) were coded for by the 7.9-kilobase fragment. The gene order was bphA-bphB-bphC. The hydrolase activity, which converted the intermediate meta cleavage compounds to the final product, chlorobenzoic acids, and was encoded by a putative bphD gene, was missing from the cloned 7.9-kilobase fragment.
In Vitro Hypothermia Enhances Platelet GPIIb-IIIa Activation and P-Selectin Expression  (1998)

Aggregation, fibrinogen binding, PAC-1 binding, and P-selectin antibody binding studies showed that platelet GPIIb-IIIa activation and alpha-granule release were enhanced at hypothermic temperatures. Thus hypothermia appears to increase the ability of platelets to respond to activating stimuli. The coagulopathy associated with hypothermia is not likely to be the result of an intrinsic defect in platelet function.
Puzzle Mix: Exploiting Saliency and Local Statistics for Optimal Mixup (2020)

While deep neural networks achieve great performance on fitting the training distribution, the learned networks are prone to overfitting and are susceptible to adversarial attacks. In this regard, a number of mixup based augmentation methods have been recently proposed. However, these approaches mainly focus on creating previously unseen virtual examples and can sometimes provide misleading supervisory signal to the network. To this end, we propose Puzzle Mix, a mixup method for explicitly utilizing the saliency information and the underlying statistics of the natural examples. This leads to an interesting optimization problem alternating between the multi-label objective for optimal mixing mask and saliency discounted optimal transport objective. Our experiments show Puzzle Mix achieves the state of the art generalization and the adversarial robustness results compared to other mixup methods on CIFAR-100, Tiny-ImageNet, and ImageNet datasets. The source code is available at https://github.com/snu-mllab/PuzzleMix.
Cellular adhesion molecules on periodontal lymphocytes (1995)

T cell induced differentiation of B cells has been shown to be dependent on the CD2/LFA-3 and LFA-1/ICAM-1 pathways. Flow cytometric analysis was used to examine these adhesion molecules on T and B cells extracted from gingival tissues before and after stimulation with the putative periodontopathic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Adhesion molecule expression on peripheral blood cells from healthy adults was used as a control. Approximately 50 per cent of B cells extracted from gingival tissues expressed LFA-3 and ICAM-1 compared with 30 per cent positive peripheral blood B cells. Around 50 per cent of gingival T cells expressed CD2 relative to 76 per cent positive peripheral blood T cells. However, 40-50 per cent of both gingival and peripheral blood T cells expressed LFA-1. There was no difference in the expression of adhesion molecules on T and B cells extracted from health/marginal gingivitis or adult periodontitis lesions. After stimulation of gingival cells in vitro, the per cent CD2 positive T cells and LFA-3 and ICAM-1 positive B cells remained relatively stable over the six-day culture period, although P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum appeared to induce an increase in the percentage of gingival T cells expressing LFA-1. In contrast to the gingival lymphocytes, stimulation of peripheral blood cells resulted in an increase in the per cent CD2 positive T cells, LFA-3 and ICAM-1 positive B cells, with a decrease in LFA-1 positive T cells. The results therefore demonstrated that gingival T and B cells express adhesion molecules in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
6.8 kW peak power quasi-continuous wave tandem-pumped Ytterbium amplifier at 1071nm (2015)

We demonstrate a quasi-continuous wave laser amplifier with a peak output power of 6.8 kW pumped by an industrial thin-disk laser. A high slope efficiency of 84 % has been obtained within a duty cycle of 10 % at a signal wavelength of 1071 nm. For cw-pumping we measured a maximum output power of 985W. The amplifier fiber had a step index profile with a core diameter of 45μm and a pump core diameter of 120μm. A signal to ASE peak ratio of 48 dB could be determined.
LGI1 and LGI4 bind to ADAM22, ADAM23 and ADAM11 (2008)

The transmembrane protein ADAM22 is expressed at high levels in the brain. From its molecular structure, ADAM22 is thought to be an adhesion molecule or a receptor because it has functional disintegrin-like and cysteine-rich sequences in its ectodomain. The phenotypic analysis of ADAM22-deficient mice has indicated the important roles played by ADAM22 in proper neuronal function and peripheral nerve development, however, the precise molecular function of ADAM22 is still unknown. To understand the function of ADAM22 on a molecular basis, we identified ADAM22 binding proteins by using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric analysis. This analysis revealed that Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) is the most potent ADAM22 binding protein in mouse brain. By our quantitative cell-ELISA system, we demonstrated the specific binding of LGI1 with ADAM22. Furthermore, we showed that LGI4, a putative ADAM22 ligand, also bound to ADAM22. Characterization of the binding specificity of LGI1 and LGI4 suggested that ADAM22 is not a sole receptor, because ADAM11 and ADAM23 had a significant binding ability to LGI1 or LGI4. Therefore, LGI-ADAM system seems to be regulated not only by the affinity but also by the cell-type-specific expression of each protein. Our findings provide new clues to understand the functions of LGI1 and LGI4 as an ADAMs ligand.
New <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Heteroscorpionates Based on 2,2‘-Bis(pyrazolyl)ethanamine and Its Derivatives. Ligands Designed for Probing Supramolecular Interactions (2006)

The successful design and synthesis of the new bis(pyrazolyl)ethanamine ligand and its copper(I) triphenylphosphine complex is reported. The ligand coordinates to the copper(I) center in a fac tridentate fashion, through both the pyrazolyl rings and the nitrogen atom from the NH2 group. In the solid state, the compound is organized in a 2D noncovalent network by N-H...pi and C-H...pi interactions and hydrogen bonds. The analogous ligand with a benzyl group substituted on the amine forms a complex with the same copper(I) center that has a similar 2D supramolecular structure and, in addition, is organized by the benzyl synthon into a 3D architecture.
Eyedness (1976)

The so-called 'eyedness' with regard to fixation of the gaze on a particular point has been investigated on 283 right-handed and 30 left-handed healthy persons of Central India. The results show that the majority (65.81%) of them are right-eyed, and that the eyedness is not influenced by sex or handedness. Though the left cerebral hemisphere seems to play a dominant role in gaze fixation in the greater proportion of the population, consideration of the joint of the two cerebral hemispheres for individual functions of the body has been advocated.
Birth season variation in asthma and allergic rhinitis (1989)

The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis was analysed in relation to birth month in two cohorts of 18-year-old males born in 1953 (n = 55,393) and 1963 (n = 57,150), in schoolchildren (n = 19,814) and in children with defined specific allergies (n = 1080). Among the 18-year-olds, a marked variation with respect to birth season was only found in those born in 1963, with the highest prevalence of asthma in those born August-January and of allergic rhinitis in those born November-May. In the schoolchildren with allergic rhinitis the birth season pattern was found to be similar to that in the conscripts born in 1963. The influence of month of birth on the onset of allergic rhinitis was maximum about 6 years of age and was not seen before 2, and after 10 years of age. Obvious similarities in birth season patterns were found between the unselected populations and the children with defined pollen and animal dander allergies. The differences in birth season pattern between the two cohorts of 18-year-olds were interpreted as an effect of unidentified adjuvant factors that might have developed over a 10-year period.
Dramatic increase in charge carrier lifetime in a liquid crystalline perylene bisimide derivative upon bay substitution with chlorine (2005)

A perylene bisimide derivative bearing four chlorine substituents in the bay positions exhibits charge carrier mobility in the liquid crystalline phase similar to its parent compound, but the charge carrier lifetime is over 100 times greater than found in the non-chlorinated parent compound. This dramatic increase in lifetime is explained in terms of increased order in the modified material. This enhanced lifetime persists when the material is blended with hexabenzocoronene derivatives, and suggests the chlorinated derivative may find usefulness in device architectures where extended carrier lifetime is desirable.
Effects of fibrinopeptide cleavage on the plasmic degradation pathways of human cross-linked fibrin (1980)

The presence of fibrinopeptide B in human fibrin has a significant effect on plasmic degradation pathways of cross-linked clots. Two types of fibrin were obtained from fibrinogen by incubation either with thrombin, to remove both fibrinopeptides A and B, or with batroxobin, to cleave fibrinopepitde A only. Fibrins obtained after various incubation times were characterized by the determination of the NH2-terminal amino acids, the content of fibrinopeptides, and the extent of cross-linking. The fibrins were digested by plasmin and were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The presence and concentration of the (DD)E complex, as well as fragments E1 and E2, in the digests were dependent upon the loss of fibrinopeptide B from cross-linked fibrin. These degradation products, and also fragment DD, appear to be useful molecular markers of fibrinolysis.
A multilayer approach to control of a flexible arm (2005)

The control of a flexible arm is the focus of this work. The dynamic model is obtained via an assumed mode method, and a singularly perturbed model of the system is then derived. The new feature of this model is that multiple boundary layers are considered, one for each assumed mode. A composite control strategy is then pursued. First a slow control is designed for the rigid system, then a number of fast controls (one for each layer) make the fast dynamics in the layers suitably damped. A case study is finally worked out and simulation results are presented.
Hemodilution causes size-dependent constriction of pial arterioles in the cat (1989)

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) rises as hematocrit (Hct) falls. We previously attributed this rise in CBF to two independent factors of equal importance, decreased arterial O2 content and decreased blood viscosity. We hypothesized that decreased arterial O2 content would dilate cerebral arterioles and that the magnitude of the vasodilation would depend on the magnitude of the passive fall in vascular resistance attributable to decreased viscosity. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that anemia is accompanied by cerebral vasodilation. Using a closed cranial window, we measured the diameters of 42 pial arterioles (35-305 microns) in 7 cats as serial isovolemic hemodilution lowered Hct by 44% from 31 +/- 4 to 17 +/- 3%. Hemodilution increased CBF (microsphere technique) but did not change mean arterial blood pressure or arterial blood gases. Anticipated vasodilation did not occur; instead, pial arterioles constricted as Hct fell. Maximum vasoconstriction was observed when Hct reached 65-70% of the initial value. Vasoconstriction lessened as Hct was lowered further, but arteriolar diameters at the lowest Hcts remained less than base-line levels. Constriction was greater in small (less than 100 microns) than in large (greater than or equal to 100 microns) arterioles. The initial constriction of pial arterioles may represent myogenic vasoconstriction in response to flow-induced vasodilation of more proximal portions of the cerebrovascular bed and/or to washout of an endogenous vasodilator. Arteriolar relaxation with more profound hemodilution may reflect superimposed metabolic vasodilation.
Directly deposited MoS<sub>2</sub>thin film electrodes for high performance supercapacitors (2015)

We demonstrate the direct deposition of two-dimensional (2D) MoS<sub>2</sub>thin film on Cu-foil and polymer substrates, exhibiting an excellent capacitance and outstanding cyclic stability. The MoS<sub>2</sub>based supercapacitors will enable new opportunities in flexible electronics and energy devices.
Fecal microbial communities of healthy adult dogs fed raw meat-based diets with or without inulin or yeast cell wall extracts as assessed by 454 pyrosequencing (2013)

Our objective was to determine the effects of feeding raw meat-based diets with or without inulin or yeast cell wall extract (YCW) on fecal microbial communities of dogs using 454 pyrosequencing. Six healthy female adult beagles (5.5 ± 0.5 years; 8.5 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to six test diets using a Latin square design: (1) beef control; (2) beef + 1.4% inulin; (3) beef + 1.4% YCW; (4) chicken control; (5) chicken + 1.4% inulin; and (6) chicken + 1.4% YCW. Following 14 days of adaptation, fresh fecal samples were collected on day 15 or day 16 of each period. Fecal genomic DNA was extracted and used to create 16S rRNA gene amplicons, which were subjected to 454 pyrosequencing and qPCR. Predominant fecal bacterial phyla included Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Beef-based diets increased (P < 0.05) Escherichia, but decreased (P < 0.05) Anaerobiospirillum vs. chicken-based diets. Inulin decreased (P < 0.05) Enterobacteriaceae. Inulin increased (P < 0.05) Megamonas vs. control. Inulin also decreased (P < 0.05) Escherichia vs. YCW. qPCR data showed that YCW increased (P < 0.05) Bifidobacterium vs. inulin and control and inulin increased (P < 0.05) Lactobacillus vs. YCW. Although a few changes in fecal microbiota were observed with inulin or YCW consumption, a strong prebiotic effect was not observed.
The FXR agonist PX20606 ameliorates portal hypertension by targeting vascular remodelling and sinusoidal dysfunction (2016)

The novel drug PX20606 activates the bile acid receptor FXR and shows beneficial effects in experimental liver cirrhosis: In the liver, it reduces scarring and inflammation, and also widens blood vessels. Thus, PX20606 leads to an improved blood flow through the liver and decreases hypertension of the portal vein. Additionally, PX20606 improves the altered intestinal barrier and decreases bacterial migration from the gut.
Electrokinetic Demixing of Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. 3. Drop Electrophoretic Mobilities and Demixing Rates (1998)

Scale-up of aqueous two-phase extraction, which is useful in the isolation and purification of certain bioproducts, is limited by the slow demixing rates of the two aqueous phases. Electrokinetic demixing has been shown to increase by more than 5-fold the demixing rates of systems up to 100 mL in volume in a manner that depends on field strength, field polarity, pH, and phase composition. The present study is an attempt to relate demixing rates to droplet electrokinetic mobilities which were measured microscopically and inferred from demixing data. A clear dependence of demixing rate was observed on drop electrophoretic mobility and pH. The electrophoretic mobility of individual phase droplets suspended in the other phase was measured for poly(ethylene glycol)/Dextran systems using a microelectrophoresis unit and compared with mobilities predicted by electrokinetic theory. We confirmed earlier reports that the droplet electrophoretic mobility increased with increasing drop diameter and explained this increase on the basis of an internal electroosmotic flow model. Effective electrophoretic mobilities were estimated from electrokinetic demixing data in a 100-mL column and compared with predicted as well as experimentally measured values of electrophoretic mobility. The mobilties increased with increased phosphate ionization due to change in pH irrespective of the sign (or polarity) of the applied electric field. The electroosmotic flow model could explain satisfactorily the following two paradoxes: (1) the direction of migration of drops is the opposite of that predicted by colloid electrokinetics and (2) the phase demixing rate increased irrespective of the sign of the applied electric field.
Intracellular Calcium and Cell Death during Ischemia in Neonatal Rat White Matter Astrocytes<i>In Situ</i> (1998)

The major pathological correlate of cerebral palsy is ischemic injury of CNS white matter. Histological studies show early injury of glial cells and axons. To investigate glial cell injury, I monitored intracellular Ca2+ and cell viability in fura-2-loaded neonatal rat white matter glial cells during ischemia. Fura-2 fixation combined with immunohistochemistry revealed that fura-2-loaded cells were GFAP+/O4(-) and were therefore a population of neonatal white matter astrocytes. Significant ischemic Ca2+ influx was found, mediated by both L- and T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Ca2+ influx via T-type channels was the most important factor during the initial stage of ischemia and was associated with significant cell death within 10-20 min of the onset of ischemia. The Na+-Ca2+ exchanger acted to remove cytoplasmic Ca2+ throughout the ischemic and recovery periods. Neither the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores nor influx via glutamate-gated channels contributed to the rise in intracellular Ca2+ during ischemia. Ischemic cell death was reduced significantly by removing extracellular Ca2+ or by blocking voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. The exclusively voltage-gated Ca2+ channel nature of the Ca2+ influx, the role played by T-type Ca2+ channels, the protective effect of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger, and the lack of significant Ca2+ release from intracellular stores are features of ischemia that have not been reported in other CNS cell types.