gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
METABOLISM OF [2-14C] PYRUVATE IN NORMAL, ACROMEGALIC AND HGH-TREATED HUMAN SUBJECTS (1970)

ABSTRACT In 4 studies on 3 acromegalic patients, who had normal iv glucose tolerance and high insulin response to infused glucose (Al), the oxidation to 14 CO 2 of [2- 14 C] pyruvate (injected intravenously in trace amount after overnight fast) was not different from that in 9 studies of 9 nonacromegalic »high insulin responders« (Ni). In 4 studies on 3 other acromegalic patients, who had low glucose tolerance and less insulin response to glucose (A2), the formation of 14 CO 2 was reduced to ½–⅔ that of Al or N1 and was about proportionate to the reduction in glucose tolerance. In A2 the 14 CO 2 formation was slightly lower than the mean for 10 studies with 7 non-acromegalic subjects, who were »low insulin responders« with normal or low glucose tolerance (N2). Among non-acromegalics expiration of 14 CO 2 was significantly lower in N2 than in N1. Among 4 non-acromegalic subjects treated with human growth hormone for 3–4 days one had a marked reduction in pyruvate oxidation, while all had a decrease in glucose tolerance. Analysis of 14 C in blood glucose at 60 minutes after injection of [2- 14 C]pyruvate suggested that slightly more total 14 C-glucose was present in A2 than N1 without any differences between A2 and N2 or N1 and N2. Two out of 4 studies in A1 showed lower than normal amounts of 14 Cglucose. No change in 14 C-glucose occurred after administration of HGH. The findings suggest that impairment of pyruvate oxidation accompanies a lowered glucose tolerance in acromegalics with a diabetic tendency. Changes in gluconeogenesis from pyruvate appear to be minimal.
Incorporation of Cholesterol into the Cellular Membrane of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 (1997)

Cholesterol that was assimilated by Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 was not metabolically degraded; most of it was recovered with the cells. Cells that were grown in the presence of cholesterol micelles and bile salts were more resistant to lysis by sonication than were those grown in their absence, suggesting a possible alteration of the cell wall or membrane. Cholesterol assimilation occurred during growth at pH 6.0 as well as during growth without pH control. Part of the cholesterol that was assimilated by cells was recovered in the membrane fractions of cells grown under both conditions. There was no difference in the amount taken up from cholesterol micelles that were prepared using dioleoyl L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine or distearoyl L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine. Thus, the type of fatty acid (unsaturated or saturated) in the phospholipid did not influence the assimilation. As the amount of Tween 80 in the growth media increased beyond 0.05%, cholesterol uptake decreased, and the amount of growth remained the same. The higher concentrations of Tween 80 may have adversely affected the permeability of the cells.
Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases Enable Efficient Plant Genome Engineering   (2012)

The ability to precisely engineer plant genomes offers much potential for advancing basic and applied plant biology. Here, we describe methods for the targeted modification of plant genomes using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). Methods were optimized using tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) protoplasts and TALENs targeting the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene. Optimal TALEN scaffolds were identified using a protoplast-based single-strand annealing assay in which TALEN cleavage creates a functional yellow fluorescent protein gene, enabling quantification of TALEN activity by flow cytometry. Single-strand annealing activity data for TALENs with different scaffolds correlated highly with their activity at endogenous targets, as measured by high-throughput DNA sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products encompassing the TALEN recognition sites. TALENs introduced targeted mutations in ALS in 30% of transformed cells, and the frequencies of targeted gene insertion approximated 14%. These efficiencies made it possible to recover genome modifications without selection or enrichment regimes: 32% of tobacco calli generated from protoplasts transformed with TALEN-encoding constructs had TALEN-induced mutations in ALS, and of 16 calli characterized in detail, all had mutations in one allele each of the duplicate ALS genes (SurA and SurB). In calli derived from cells treated with a TALEN and a 322-bp donor molecule differing by 6 bp from the ALS coding sequence, 4% showed evidence of targeted gene replacement. The optimized reagents implemented in plant protoplasts should be useful for targeted modification of cells from diverse plant species and using a variety of means for reagent delivery.
A unique noncathartic CT colonography approach by using two-layer dual-energy MDCT and a special algorithmic colon cleansing method (2008)

Cathartic bowel preparation as part of CT colonography examination (CTC) can be uncomfortable or even dangerous for certain patient groups. Noncathartic CT colonography (i.e. without cathartic cleansing) including contrast-material fecal tagging can offer significant clinical advantages and can increase the screening compliance for colorectal cancer. Current techniques of conventional CTC with fecal tagging use “electronic cleansing” algorithms to remove the remaining tagged colonic contents from the images. In such cases these methods can give satisfactory results, but they face serious problems with the inferior tagging quality of noncathartic protocols. To overcome this fundamental problem, a completely new approach is proposed using both a two-layer dual-energy MDCT and a dedicated algorithmic cleansing method that utilizes the spectral information. Feasibility study was performed with a two-layer dual-energy MDCT which was utilized in clinical studies with oral intake of both iodine and barium contrast agents. The new method was compared to a conventional electronic cleansing technique. We show that the new approach is better at detecting highly dilute contrast agents in the colon, particularly where the tagged colonic content is mixed or adjacent to air regions. Therefore, the new technique may surmount the need for cathartic bowel preparation in CTC.
Insect feeding mobilizes a unique plant defense protease that disrupts the peritrophic matrix of caterpillars (2002)

Plants frequently respond to herbivorous insect attack by synthesizing defense proteins that deter insect feeding and prevent additional herbivory. Maize (Zea mays L.) lines, resistant to feeding by a number of lepidopteran species, rapidly mobilize a unique 33-kDa cysteine protease in response to caterpillar feeding. The accumulation of the 33-kDa cysteine protease in the maize mid-whorl was correlated with a significant reduction in caterpillar growth that resulted from impaired nutrient utilization. Black Mexican Sweetcorn callus transformed with mir1, the gene encoding the 33-kDa cysteine protease, expressed the protease and growth of caterpillars reared on the transgenic callus was reduced 60-80%. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the effect of plant material expressing the 33-kDa cysteine protease on the structure of the caterpillar peritrophic matrix. Because the peritrophic matrix surrounds the food bolus, assists in digestive processes, and protects the caterpillar midgut from physical and chemical damage, disruption of peritrophic matrix may reduce caterpillar growth. The results indicated that the peritrophic matrix was severely damaged when caterpillars fed on resistant maize plants or transgenic Black Mexican Sweetcorn. The accumulation of the 33-kDa cysteine protease in response to caterpillar feeding, and its ability to damage the insect peritrophic matrix, represents an unusual host-plant resistance mechanism that may have applications in agricultural biotechnology.
Molecular basis for the increased polymyxin susceptibility of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> strains with under-acylated lipid A (2012)

The impact of under-acylation of lipid A on the interaction between Klebsiella pneumoniae LPS and polymyxins B and E was examined with fluorometric and calorimetric methods, and by (1)H NMR, using a paired wild type (WT) and the ΔlpxM mutant strains B5055 and B5055ΔlpxM, which predominantly express LPS with hexa- and penta-acylated lipid A structures respectively. LPS from B5055ΔlpxM displayed a fourfold increased binding affinity for polymyxins B and E compared with the B5055 WT LPS. EC50 values were consistent with polymyxin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for each strain. Accordingly, polymyxin exposure considerably enhanced the permeability of the B5055ΔlpxM OM. Analysis of the melting profiles of isolated LPS aggregates suggested that bactericidal polymyxin activity may relate to the acyl chains' phase of the outer membrane (OM). The enhanced polymyxin susceptibility of B5055ΔlpxM may be attributable to the favorable insertion of polymyxins into the more fluid OM compared with B5055. Molecular models of the polymyxin B-lipid A complex illuminate the key role of the lipid A acyl chains for complexation of polymyxin. The data provide important insight into the molecular basis for the increased polymyxin susceptibility of K. pneumoniae strains with under-acylated lipid A. Under-acylation appears to facilitate the integration of the N-terminal fatty-acyl chain of polymyxin into the OM resulting in an increased susceptibility to its antimicrobial activity/activities.
Overcoming Two Post-fertilization Genetic Barriers in Interspecific Hybridization between Capsicum annuum and C. baccatum for Introgression of Anthracnose Resistance (2006)

Interspecific hybridization is essential to introgress resistance genes from Capsicum baccatum, a related species of cultivated pepper (C. annuum), since reliable genetic resources resistant to anthracnose have recently been identified within the C. baccatum germplasm. In conventional interspecific hybridization between the two species, hybrids could not be generated due to embryo abortion, which has been known to be a post-fertilization genetic barrier. Some partially compatible cross combinations, determined through observations of embryo development after pollination, were identified using a large number of accessions of C. annuum as pistillate parents. Embryo rescue technique was successfully employed to produce hybrids in these partially compatible crosses. Immature seeds bearing torpedo or early cotyledonary embryos, developed 35–40 days after pollination, were excised and the embryos were cultured on MS medium with sucrose and plant growth regulators. Hybridity was confirmed by observation of corolla yellow spot as a dominant species-specific trait of C. baccatum and using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker analysis. All the hybrid plants displayed vigorous growth but complete pollen sterility. The hybrid sterility was overcome through intensive backcrossing using C. annuum as the pollen parent. Consequently, hundreds of interspecific BC1F1 progenies were raised, and introgression of anthracnose resistance was confirmed in this segregating population.
A Noncovalent Approach to the Construction of Tween 20‐Based Protein Microarrays (2007)

On the loose. Nonbiofouling Tween 20 surface incorporated into loosely packed self-assembled monolayers. A platform technology for microarrays based on van der Waals interaction-driven adsorption of Tween 20 onto a sophisticatedly designed surface composed of loosely packed structures of long alkyl chains has been developed. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2007/z700213_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel thiopyrano[2,3-<i>d</i>]thiazole-based compounds containing norbornane moiety (2008)

The series of 9,14-disubstituted 3,7-dithia-5,14-diazapentacyclo[9.5.1.02, 10.04, 8.012, 16]heptadecen-4(8)-triones-6, 13, 15 were synthesized using hetero-Diels-Alder reactions starting from 4-thioxo-2-thiazolidinones and 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid imido-derivatives. Screening of anticancer activity in vitro yielded the most active compounds 5c, 5d, and 7b in micromolar concentrations at the GI50 level (LogGI50 is−6.40 to−4.02 for different cell lines, LogGI50 mean graph midpoint varies from−4.67 to−4.05); moreover, compounds 5c and 5d have a distinctive selectivity against leukemia. The highest sensitivity to compound 5d showed leukemia cell lines CCRF-CEM (LogGI50=−6.40) and SR (LogGI50=−6.06).
A Simulation Model for IP Multicast with RSVP (1999)

This document describes a detailed model of IPv4 multicast with RSVP that has been developed using the OPNET simulation package [4], with protocol procedures defined in the C language. The model was developed to allow investigation of performance constraints on routing but should have wide applicability in the Internet multicast/resource reservation community. We are making this model publicly available with the intention that it can be used to provide expanded studies of resource-reserved multicasting.
Protograph Quantum LDPC Codes from Tensor Product of Parity-Check Matrices (2015)

We propose two constructions, namely Construction 1 and Construction 2, for the design of protograph quantum LDPC codes by exploiting conventional quasi cyclic protograph LDPC codes with lift operation, and tensor product operation, respectively. We show that by carefully designing the proto-matrix using quadratic residue sets of parameters p = 4n ± 1, the proposed Construction 1 yields protograph quantum LDPC codes of various rates. Furthermore, by performing tensor product between two non-binary parity-check matrices obtained from idempotent polynomials of a quadratic residue set, the proposed Construction 2 yields a class of protograph quantum LDPC codes with rate at least 0.9. The performance of the proposed codes over quantum depolarizing channel with iterative sum-product decoding algorithm is shown.
High-Level QAM OFDM System Using DML for Low-Cost Short Reach Optical Communications (2014)

In this letter, we experimentally demonstrated a high level quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission system utilizing a cost-effective directly modulated laser. This experiment was enabled by intrasymbol frequency-domain averaging-based channel estimation, large fast Fourier transform size to enhance the resistance of intersymbol interference, and the discrete Fourier transform-spread technique to reduce peak-to-average power ratio. A 31.7-Gbit/s 2048QAM OFDM signal can be successfully transmitted over 20-km large effective area fiber under a 20% soft-decision forward-error-correction threshold (bit error rate of 2.4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> ).
Modeling and simulation of AUV system based on object-oriented Petri net (2008)

The autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) system is a complex and large-scale system, which is subsequent interactive and distributed. Therefore, we apply OOPN method to model it. The AUV system was analyzed and divided into several modules; and the system models of each module were set; the OOPN model of AUV system was constructed and analyzed, and its simulation result was consistent with the practical process. Through the modeling, we can see that the state explosion in ordinary Petri net modeling is well avoided and the OOPN model processes preferable modularity, reusability and maintainability.
The combination of plumbagin with androgen withdrawal causes profound regression of prostate tumors in vivo (2012)

Androgen deprivation in combination with plumbagin may provide a significant improvement over androgen deprivation alone and deserves further evaluation.
Removing Water From an EcoRI-Noncognate DNA Complex With Osmotic Stress (1999)

We recently showed that a nonspecific complex of the restriction nuclease EcoRI with poly (dI-dC) sequesters significantly more water at the protein-DNA interface than the complex with the specific recognition sequence. The nonspecific complex seems to retain almost a full hydration layer at the interface. We now find that at low osmotic pressures a complex of the restriction nuclease EcoRI with a DNA sequence that differs by only one base pair from the recognition site (a 'star' sequence) sequesters about 70 waters more than the specific one, a value virtually indistinguishable from nonspecific DNA. Unlike complexes with oligo (dI-dC) or with a sequence that differs by two base pairs from the recognition sequence, however, much of the water in the 'star' sequence complex is removed at high osmotic pressures. The energy of removing this water can be calculated simply from the osmotic pressure work done on the complex. The ability to measure not only the changes in water sequestered by DNA-protein complexes for different sequences, but also the work necessary to remove this water is a potentially powerful new tool for coupling inferred structural changes and thermodynamics.
Adenosine triphosphate‐evoked currents in cultured neurones dissociated from rat parasympathetic cardiac ganglia. (1991)

1. The excitatory response of cultured neurones of rat parasympathetic cardiac ganglia to extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was examined using the whole-cell isolated membrane patch recording configurations of the patch clamp technique. The short latency between ATP application and activation of the membrane current (less than 20 ms) suggests a direct coupling between purinergic receptor and ion channel. The response was maintained during exposure to ATP suggesting that receptor desensitization is not a factor in current decay. 2. The current-voltage (I-V) relationship for macroscopic ATP-evoked currents showed strong inward rectification in the presence and absence of external divalent cations and a reversal potential of +10 mV (NaCl outside, CsCl inside). Unitary ATP-activated currents in cell-attached membrane patches exhibited a linear (ohmic) I-V relationship with a slope conductance of approximately 60 pS. 3. The order of agonist potency for the purinergic receptor-mediated response was 2-methylthioATP = ATP greater than ADP greater than AMP greater than adenosine = alpha,beta-methylene ATP greater than beta,gamma-methylene ATP, a sequence consistent with a P2y receptor subtype. ATP-evoked currents were attenuated by alpha,beta-methylene ATP (IC50 approximately 10 microM) and reversibly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by Reactive Blue 2 (Kd = 1 microM). 4. The amplitude of the ATP-evoked current was dependent on the extracellular Na+ concentration. The direction of the shift in reversal potential when NaCl was replaced with mannitol indicated that the purinergic receptor channel is cation selective. The cation permeability relative to Na+ followed the ionic selectivity sequence Ca2+ (1.48) greater than Na+ (1.0) greater than Cs+ (0.67). Anions were not measurably permeant. 5. ATP and ACh-evoked responses in rat intracardiac neurones are mediated by distinct receptor channels. The ATP-activated channels in cardiac neurones may contribute to non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic neurotransmission and mediate, in part, the vagal innervation of the mammalian heart.
Antenna requirements and architecture tradeoffs for an automotive forward looking radar (2002)

Automotive adaptive cruise control (ACC) requires a forward looking sensor to provide data on the location of other vehicles and objects relative to the direction of travel of the host vehicle. This involves discrimination of closely spaced vehicles and accurate measurement of the position of individual vehicles and objects. These angle discrimination and angle measurement requirements, together with the sensor field-of-view (FOV) needed, drive the antenna requirements and antenna architecture for an automotive forward looking radar (FLR). This paper develops the key antenna parameters of beamwidth, beam overlap and number of beams. Alternate antenna architectures and their suitability for ACC are then discussed.
경근이론 (經筋理論) 의 임상응용을 위한 문헌적 고찰2 - 상지 (上肢) 부분 - (1991)

Upper meridian muscle, anatomical attachnent, function and trigger point of each muscle were investigated and the following results were obtained. 1. The distribution of Eum(陰) and Yang(陽) meridian muscle is surely divided into Eum Action(陰的 動作) (to chest-abdomen or proximal part) and Yang Action (陽的 動作) (to back or distal part). 2. Meridian muscle is a kind of system connecting muscle function organically in oriental medicine. 3. Meridian muscle is the outer circulation part of meridian vessels, the materials of meridian vessels` distribution and asstumed that it is connected with the developmental stage of meridian vessels. 4. In treatment, the site of lesion is move easily found by grouping the meridian muscle units, the angle of insertion is used by inclined position methods and the direction of insertion is the line of muscle apsides. 5. If A-shi point(阿是穴) and trigger point arecooperated in muscle treatment, it is more effective.
Review Camptothecin: Current Perspectives (2006)

The review provides a detailed discussion of recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of camptothecin, a potent antitumor agent that targets topoisomerase I. Thousands of CPT derivatives have been synthesized. Two of them, Topotecan and Irinotecan, are commercially approved for use in clinic as antitumor agents while more are still in clinic trials. This review summarizes the current status of the modern synthetic approaches to CPT, the mechanism of action of CPT, the structure-activity relationship(SAR), a number of novel CPT analogs and their biologic activity. There is a systematic evaluation of A-, B- and E-ring- modified camptothecins reported recently.
Hybrid glass coatings for optical fibers: effect of coating thickness on strength and dynamic fatigue characteristics of silica fibers (2006)

Specialty optical fibers operating in harsh aerospace environments are typically exposed to high temperatures and elevated humidity. This calls for better performing protective coatings. Recently developed sol-gel derived inorganicorganic hybrid materials called hybrid glass offered improved protective performance as compared to standard dual polymer coated fibers [1]. In this paper we examine the effectiveness of online UV curing for the protective ability of hybrid glass coatings. For this purpose two types of UV-curable hybrid glass candidates representing two different concentrations of acrylate groups were applied online to silica fibers as single and dual coats. Samples of fibers were collected and subjected to dynamic fatigue testing by two-point bending. The stress corrosion parameter, <i>n</i>, as well as the strength of the fibers were determined. Both the strength and <i>n </i>were higher for fibers with two layers of coating as compared to single coatings even when the thickness of both one and two layer coatings was the same. This may be caused by the greater degree of cross linking of the inorganic component when the coating is exposed twice to the heat generated in the UV chamber. Coating materials with reduced acrylate group content had higher values of the fatigue parameter <i>n</i> but at the same time reduced strength.