gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelet Packet Decomposition-Based Fault Diagnosis Scheme for SRM Drives With a Single Current Sensor (2015)

Power converters are a key, but vulnerable component in switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives. In this paper, a new fault diagnosis scheme for SRM converters is proposed based on the wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) with a dc-link current sensor. Open- and short-circuit faults of the power switches in an asymmetrical half-bridge converter are analyzed in details. In order to obtain the fault signature from the phase currents, two pulse-width modulation signals with phase shift are injected into the lower-switches of the converter to extract the excitation current, and the WPD algorithm is then applied to the detected currents for fault diagnosis. Moreover, a discrete degree of the wavelet packet node energy is chosen as the fault coefficient. The converter faults can be diagnosed and located directly by determining the changes in the discrete degree from the detected currents. The proposed scheme requires only one current sensor in the dc link, while conventional methods need one sensor for each phase or additional detection circuits. The experimental results on a 750-W three-phase SRM are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis scheme.
Not so crystal clear: the structure of the human telomere G-quadruplex in solution differs from that present in a crystal (2005)

The structure of human telomere DNA is of intense interest because of its role in the biology of both cancer and aging. The sequence [5'-AGGG(TTAGGG)3] has been used as a model for telomere DNA in both NMR and X-ray crystallographic studies, the results of which show dramatically different structures. In Na+ solution, NMR revealed an antiparallel G-quadruplex structure that featured both diagonal and lateral TTA loops. Crystallographic studies in the presence of K+ revealed a flattened, propeller-shaped structure featuring a parallel-stranded G-quadruplex with symmetrical external TTA loops. We report the results of biophysical experiments in solution and computational studies that are inconsistent with the reported crystal structure, indicating that a different structure exists in K+ solutions. Sedimentation coefficients were determined experimentally in both Na+ and K+ solutions and were compared with values calculated using bead models for the reported NMR and crystal structures. Although the solution NMR structure accurately predicted the observed S-value in Na+ solution, the crystal structure predicted an S-value that differed dramatically from that experimentally observed in K+ solution. The environments of loop adenines were probed by quantitative fluorescence studies using strategic and systematic single-substitutions of 2-aminopurine for adenine bases. Both fluorescence intensity and quenching experiments in K+ yielded results at odds with quantitative predictions from the reported crystal structure. Circular dichroism and fluorescence quenching studies in the presence of the crowding agent polyethylene glycol showed dramatic changes in the quadruplex structure in K+ solutions, but not in Na+ solutions, suggesting that the crystal environment may have selected for a particular conformational form. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to yield model structures for the K+ quadruplex form that are consistent with our biophysical results and with previously reported chemical modification studies. These models suggest that the biologically relevant structure of the human telomere quadruplex in K+ solution is not the one determined in the published crystalline state.
Real time en face Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography with direct hardware frequency demodulation (2008)

We demonstrate en face swept source optical coherence tomography (ss-OCT) without requiring a Fourier transformation step. The electronic optical coherence tomography (OCT) interference signal from a k-space linear Fourier domain mode-locked laser is mixed with an adjustable local oscillator, yielding the analytic reflectance signal from one image depth for each frequency sweep of the laser. Furthermore, a method for arbitrarily shaping the spectral intensity profile of the laser is presented, without requiring the step of numerical apodization. In combination, these two techniques enable sampling of the in-phase and quadrature signal with a slow analog-to-digital converter and allow for real-time display of en face projections even for highest axial scan rates. Image data generated with this technique is compared to en face images extracted from a three-dimensional OCT data set. This technique can allow for real-time visualization of arbitrarily oriented en face planes for the purpose of alignment, registration, or operator-guided survey scans while simultaneously maintaining the full capability of high-speed volumetric ss-OCT functionality.
A flick in the right direction: a case study of gestural input (2005)

Abstract This paper describes the design and evaluation of a gesture-based scheme for issuing the back and forward commands in web browsers. In designing our gesture recogniser we conducted several experiments to determine metrics associated with the magnitude, timing and stereotypical errors of 'natural' linear flick gestures using stylus and mouse input devices. These low-level metrics are important to software designers who must implement algorithms that discriminate between gestures and other actions such as mouse clicks and drags. As well as empirically characterising gestures, the metrics provide various insights into stereotypical behaviour with gestures, including the facts that angular errors are larger in the left and right directions with the pen, that vertical gestures are 'awkward' with the mouse, and that downwards gestures are slower than other directions. An evaluation of gestures for web browsing shortcuts shows that they enhance navigation efficiency, and that participants were extremely enthusiastic about them. Notes Part of this paper was presented at the Fourth Australasian User Interface Conference (AUIC'03), Adelaide, Australia, and was published in Biddle, R and Thomas B (eds.) Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology, vol.18. Additional informationNotes on contributorsM Moyle Part of this paper was presented at the Fourth Australasian User Interface Conference (AUIC'03), Adelaide, Australia, and was published in Biddle, R and Thomas B (eds.) Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology, vol.18.
Influence of Service Temperature on the Resistance of Wrought Aluminum-Magnesium Alloys to Corrosion (1959)

The wrought aluminum-magnesium alloys are being used in many welded structural applications; however, the alloys of higher magnesium content are not recommended for service where the operating temperature exceeds about 150 F. The reason for this limitation is that prolonged heating in the temperature range of 150 to 350 F causes selective precipitation of an anodic phase resulting in susceptibility to intergranular corrosion, and in the presence of a high enduring tensile stress, causes stress-corrosion cracking. This paper presents extensive data on the effect of continuous heating on the metallurgical structure and resistance of these alloys to stress-corrosion cracking. It further describes a new alloy, 5454, which is shown to be free from the temperature limitation placed on the higher magnesium alloys. 6.4.2
Tumor markers in endometriosis (1999)

CA 125 is the only important marker in the diagnosis of stages III/IV of endometriosis, especially when blood samples for its determination are obtained during the first 3 days of the menstrual cycle.
An Epidemic of Ross River Virus Infection in Fiji, 1979 (1981)

An explosive epidemic of polyarthritis caused by Ross River virus occurred in the Fijian islands from April to June 1979. Serological results suggest there was a low level of Alphavirus activity throughout Fiji before April 1979, but that following the epidemic up to 90% of the residents of some communities had antibody to Ross River virus. The clinical and laboratory findings in patients from the Fijian outbreak were similar to those seen in Australian cases.
Detection and mapping of mismatched base pairs in DNA molecules by atomic force microscopy (2000)

Attempts were made to apply atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging to the detection and mapping of the sites of base substitutions in DNA molecules. In essence, DNA fragments to be examined for possible base substitutions were mixed with an equal amount of a corresponding DNA standard and subjected to heat denaturation and subsequent annealing. The reassociated DNA was incubated with MutS protein, a protein that recognizes and binds to mismatched base pairs in duplex DNA. Bound MutS protein molecules were then detected by AFM and their positions along the DNA molecules were determined by calculating the distance from one of the DNA termini, which had been tagged with a biotin-avidin complex. Base substitutions present in DNA molecules >1 kb were effectively detected by this procedure, and the positions determined were in good agreement with the actual mutation sites. This method is quite simple, has virtually no limitations on the size of DNA fragments to be examined and requires only a very small amount of DNA sample.
Human natural killer cells express VLA-4 and VLA-5, which mediate their adhesion to fibronectin (1991)

Very late Ag (VLA)-3, VLA-4, and VLA-5, belonging to the beta-1 subfamily of integrins, have been recently identified as receptors for different binding regions of fibronectin (FN). We have detected VLA-4 and VLA-5, but not VLA-3, on fresh CD3-, CD16+, CD56+ human NK cells by flow cytometry and immunochemical analyses using mAb directed against beta-1, alpha-3, alpha-4, and alpha-5 subunits. Binding assays, performed on FN-coated plates, showed that NK cells specifically adhere to FN and their binding capacity is increased by MgCl2 but not by CaCl2. Using as inhibitory probes a polyclonal antibody against the beta-1 chain of the human FN receptor, the synthetic peptide GRGDSP, which is able to inhibit cellular adhesion mediated by VLA-5, the CS1 fragment, which contains the principal adhesion site in the IIICS domain recognized by VLA-4, and functional mAb directed against alpha-4 or alpha-5 subunits, we show that both VLA-4 and VLA-5 mediate the adhesion of human NK cells to FN. The expression of these integrin receptors may be relevant for NK interaction with extracellular matrix components and other cell types.
Two Easy Improvements to Lexical Weighting (2011)

We introduce two simple improvements to the lexical weighting features of Koehn, Och, and Marcu (2003) for machine translation: one which smooths the probability of translating word f to word e by simplifying English morphology, and one which conditions it on the kind of training data that f and e co-occurred in. These new variations lead to improvements of up to +0.8 BLEU, with an average improvement of +0.6 BLEU across two language pairs, two genres, and two translation systems. each i, let c ( f j, ei) ← c ( f j, ei) + 1 |ai| for j ∈ ai (1) c(NULL, ei) ← c(NULL, ei) + 1 if |ai | = 0 (2) Then t(e | f) = c ( f, e) e c ( f, e)
Thermal resistance of adhesive tapes measured by the photopyroelectric method (2003)

Using the photopyroelectric method, we have determined the thermal resistance r and the thermal conductivity k of adhesive tapes, which are consistent with those previously reported for similar samples. Moreover, the method is capable of separating the different components of r that add up in the total resistance introduced by an adhesive tape placed between two surfaces: A component due to the sample material itself, a component in the presence of material inhomogeneities, and a contact resistance due to surface roughness. The first two components are characteristic of the sample material while the latter depends on the adhesive properties of the sample and on the surface state of the support material. In our case, it was equivalent to an air gap in the submicron range.
Topics for a Statistical Description of Radar Cross Section (1989)

Part 1 Fundamentals: definition of field quantities and Maxwell's equations constitutive relations boundary conditions and surface currents Green's functions radar cross-section (RCS). Part 2 Scattering and diffraction of electromagnetic waves: diffraction of a plane wave by a perfectly absorbing half- plane asymptotic approximation methods diffraction approximation methods numerical approximations and numerical methods RCS measurements. Part 3 Practical aspects of RCS: RCS of simple shapes RCS of complex shapes a new method for comparing experimental and theoretical data elements of detection theory. Part 4 Constitutive parameters: impendance boundary condition reflection and transmission stratified media gyroelectromagnetic layers the inverse problem for biaxial materials.
IFIT1 Differentially Interferes with Translation and Replication of Alphavirus Genomes and Promotes Induction of Type I Interferon (2015)

Alphaviruses are a group of widely distributed human and animal pathogens. It is well established that their replication is sensitive to type I IFN treatment, but the mechanism of IFN inhibitory function remains poorly understood. Using a new experimental system, we demonstrate that in the presence of IFN-β, activation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) does not interfere with either attachment of alphavirus virions to the cells, or their entry and nucleocapsid disassembly. However, it strongly affects translation of the virion-delivered virus-specific RNAs. One of the ISG products, IFIT1 protein, plays a major role in this translation block, although an IFIT1-independent mechanism is also involved. The 5'UTRs of the alphavirus genomes were found to differ significantly in their ability to drive translation in the presence of increased concentration of IFIT1. Prior studies have shown that adaptation of naturally circulating alphaviruses to replication in tissue culture results in accumulation of mutations in the 5'UTR, which increase the efficiency of the promoter located in the 5'end of the genome. Here, we show that these mutations also decrease resistance of viral RNA to IFIT1-induced translation inhibition. In the presence of higher levels of IFIT1, alphaviruses with wt 5'UTRs became potent inducers of type I IFN, suggesting a new mechanism of type I IFN induction. We applied this knowledge of IFIT1 interaction with alphaviruses to develop new attenuated variants of Venezuelan equine encephalitis and chikungunya viruses that are more sensitive to the antiviral effects of IFIT1, and thus could serve as novel vaccine candidates.
Double layer capacitance of carbon foam electrodes (1993)

We have evaluated a wide variety of microcellular carbon foams prepared by the controlled pyrolysis and carbonization of several polymers including: polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethacrylonitrile (PMAN), resorcinol/formaldehyde (RF), divinylbenzene/methacrylonitrile (DVB), phenolics (furfuryl/alcohol), and cellulose polymers such as Rayon. The porosity may be established by several processes including: Gelation (1-5), phase separation (1-3,5-8), emulsion (1,9,10), aerogel/xerogel formation (1,11,12,13), replication (14) and activation. In this report we present the complex impedance analysis and double layer charging characteristics of electrodes prepared from one of these materials for double layer capacitor applications, namely activated cellulose derived microcellular carbon foam.
[The tail suspension test: its theory and practical application]. (1992)

The tail suspension test (TST) was originally proposed by Steru et al (1985) as a primary screening test of anti-depressant drugs. In this test, it is shown that tail suspension-induced immobility of mice is specifically antagonized by such drugs. More recently, the automated version of TST (ITEMATIC-TST) was developed by the same authors. In the present paper, we described our own device which utilized spring, contactless micro angle potentiometer, A/D converter and personal computer. Results obtained with this apparatus showed that repeated, not single, administration of tricyclic and atypical antidepressants could reverse the immobility of mice. Methamphetamine also activated the behavior, but other psychotropic drugs did not have positive results. Based on these findings, the usefulness and problems of our device were discussed as compared with the original TST.
Harmonic holography: a new holographic principle (2007)

The process of second harmonic generation (SHG) has a unique property of forming a sharp optical contrast between noncentrosymmetric crystalline materials and other types of material, which is a highly valuable asset for contrast microscopy. The coherent signal obtained through SHG also allows for the recording of holograms at high spatial and temporal resolution, enabling whole-field four-dimensional microscopy for highly dynamic microsystems and nanosystems. Here we describe a new holographic principle, harmonic holography (H(2)), which records holograms between independently generated second harmonic signals and reference. We experimentally demonstrate this technique with digital holographic recording of second harmonic signals upconverted from an ensemble of second harmonic generating nanocrystal clusters under femtosecond laser excitation. Our results show that harmonic holography is uniquely suited for ultrafast four-dimensional contrast microscopy.
Simulation Study of Plasma Display Panel-Based<newline/> Flat Panel X-Ray Detector (2013)

Screen-film-based radiography is being rapidly replaced by digital radiography (DR). Thin-film-transistors (TFT) with amorphous silicon (a-Si) or amorphous selenium (a-Se) are usually used in DR X-ray imaging systems. Another flat panel display, plasma display panel (PDP), has a structure that is similar to that of the conventional gas type radiation detectors, and can be manufactured with lower costs than the TFT-based detector panels. The motivation of this study was to develop a cost-effective DR detector using the PDP. In order to apply the PDP technologies in gaseous detectors for X-ray imaging, we modified the pixel's structure and optimized the materials inside the PDP panel. To maximize the signal's intensity, we re-designed the panel's structure based on the gas microstrip detector (GMD), and estimated the performance of the proposed detector using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Signal intensity of gaseous detector is determined by the amount of ionization as well as by the avalanche effect. The ionization and avalanche processes were simulated using the Geant4 and Garfield, respectively. Four types of gas mixtures and various values of electric fields have been explored. The results show that a higher proportion of Xe helps to generate more ionization electrons. The results also suggest that the electric field, which is applied between anode and cathode strips, is a dominant factor for the avalanche effect to occur. In this study, the GMD structure was adopted for the plasma-display-panel-based X-ray detector. A quantitative verification of the effectiveness of the proposed structure was performed as well.
Synthesis of 5‐methyl‐1,3,2‐benzodithiazoles (1979)

Abstract The novel helerocycles 5‐methyl‐1,3,2‐benzodithiazoles (7) were prepared in 30–50% yields from toluene‐3,4‐dithiol (6) and appropriate primary amines in the presence of 2 equivalents of triethylamine under high‐dilution conditions. These compounds, which exhibit one reversible oxidation potential around +0.90 V vs . SCE, serve as a model study in the quest of synthesizing a new donor, the “boron‐nitrogen” analog of tetrathiafulvalene (BNTTF).
Second‐Harmonic Generation in Integrated Photonics on Silicon (2017)

This paper presents the recent progress on integrated second‐order nonlinear waveguides on silicon substrates for second‐harmonic generation. In particular, demonstrations of thin‐film lithium niobate, III–V compound semiconductor and dielectric waveguides integrated on silicon substrates are reviewed. For completeness, the fundamentals of the nonlinear optical processes involved are briefly introduced. Methods demonstrated for phase matching, e.g., periodic poling and mode‐shape modulation, in the compact integrated devices are discussed. Finally, an outlook for how integrated photonics may benefit from the progress in this field is provided.
Tilting Motion accompanying Ground Electric Potential Change in Landslide Area (1992)

The landslide observation system has been operating at the Hiramaru landslide area since 1988. The system consists of the ground electric potential meters, the tiltmeters, the groundwater gauges, and the rain gauge. The method of observation is carrying out remote sensing in Nigata city of 100km distance from Hiramuru landslide area.It was discussed in another paper for the effect of streaming potential caused by interflow in rainy day, the effect of streaming potential caused by flow of groundwater and the complex effects of potential caused by rainfall and changes of groundwater level.This paper is described the effect of potential resulted from tilting motion at the slope without causes of rainfalls and the effect of potential as precursor of earthquake swarm at a distance of 30km apart from the observation system.And, as a result of analyses of behavior of the ground electric potential and the groundwater level, the tilting motion at the slope of landslide area is concluded due to the collapse of aquifer in the slope. The collapse of aquifer is supposed to be long-standing eluviation of soil.
ErbB (HER) receptors can abrogate antiestrogen action in human breast cancer by multiple signaling mechanisms. (2003)

It has been reported that overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (erbB1) or its homologous receptor, HER2 (erbB2), can confer antiestrogen resistance to estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer cells. Aberrant signaling by receptors of the erbB network up-regulates a number of signaling pathways, which include phospholipase C-gamma1, Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase-mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and its target, the serine/threonine kinase Akt, stress-activated protein kinases, signal transducers and activators of transcription, and c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK). Akt has been reported to induce estrogen-independent transcription of ER. Here we show that transfection of ER-positive, HER2 gene-amplified BT-74 cells with an expression vector encoding dominant-negative (K179M) Akt1 partially restored the ability of tamoxifen to inhibit estradiol-stimulated ER reporter activity. Infection of MCF-7 cells with an adenovirus encoding myristoylated, constitutively active Akt induced ER reporter activity in the absence of estradiol and resulted in tamoxifen resistance of these cells in culture. Data will be presented to suggest that, in addition to mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt is an important mediator of HER2-mediated antiestrogen resistance in human breast cancer cells.
Dynamic voltage restorer based on voltage-space-vector PWM control (2001)

A dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) based on the voltage-space-vector pulsewidth-modulation algorithm is presented. Phase-jump compensation is achieved using a software phase-locked loop and a lead-acid battery energy store. A battery-charging control technique using the DVR itself is also described. To validate the control of the DVR, a three-phase prototype with a power rating of 10 kVA has been successfully developed. Simulation and experimental results are shown to validate the control methods.
110 GHz opto-electronic frequency synthesiser using optical comb generator and uni-travelling-carrier photodiode (2003)

Using optical comb generation, SG-DBR laser comb line selection and uni-travelling-carrier photodiode, opto-electronic generation of 10 GHz to 110 GHz, -80 dBc/Hz SSB phase noise millimetre wave signals at powers up to 2 mW is demonstrated using no electrical amplification.