gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erastin, a ferroptosis-inducing agent, sensitized cancer cells to X-ray irradiation via glutathione starvation in vitro and in vivo (2019)

High concentrations of antioxidants in cancer cells are huge obstacle in cancer radiotherapy. Erastin was first discovered as an inducer of iron-dependent cell death called ferroptosis accompanied by antioxidant depletion caused by cystine glutamate antiporter inhibition. Therefore, treatment with erastin is expected to potentially enhance cellular radiosensitivity. In this study, we investigated the influence of treatment with erastin on the radiation efficiency against cancers. The clonogenic ability, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, and glutathione concentration were evaluated using HeLa and NCI-H1975 adenocarcinoma cell lines treated with erastin and/or X-ray irradiation. For in vivo studies, NCI-H1975 cells were transplanted in the left shoulder of nude mice, and then radiosensitizing effect of erastin and glutathione concentration in the cancer were evaluated. Treatment with erastin induced ferroptosis and decreased the concentration of glutathione and GPX4 protein expression levels in the two tumor cell lines. Moreover, erastin enhanced X-ray irradiation-induced cell death in both human tumor cell lines. Furthermore, erastin treatment of a tumor-transplanted mouse model similarly demonstrated the radiosensitizing effect and decrease in intratumoral glutathione concentration in the in vitro study. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the radiosensitizing effect of erastin on two adenocarcinoma cell lines and the tumor xenograft model accompanied by glutathione depletion, indicating that ferroptosis inducers that reduce glutathione concentration could be applied as a novel cancer therapy in combination with radiotherapy.
Antimicrobial activity of a Red Sea soft coral, Parerythropodium fulvum fulvum:reproductive and developmental considerations (1998)

Living corals are frequently colonized by bacteria that may be pathogenic. One way they are able to combat microbial attack is by che~mcal defense. This is especially critical for the early developmental stages of the coral. Extracts from various reproductive and developmental stages of the Red Sea soft coral Parerythropodium fulvum fulvum exhibited antimicrobial activity against sevel-a1 cooccurnng and potentially pathogenic marine bactena. High activity was found part~cularly against Vibi-io sp [strain P -i ) , isolated from a necrotic coral tissue. However, no antimicrobial activlty was observed against the coral-associated bacterial stra~ns isolated from the coral tissue and its mucold surface. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the coral crude extract against thls Vibrlo sp. was 1.25 mg ml-' Bioassay-guided fractionation of the coral extract indicated that the antimicrobial activity was due to the presence of a range of secondary compounds of different polarities, which were also present in the tissue in trace amounts. The antimicrobial activity was present in all reproductive and developmental stages of the coral against the sensitive bacteria. This study provides the first comprehensive evidence for antimicrobial activity in coral larvae against CO-occurring marine bacteria. It is concluded that antimicrobial activity detected in the extracts of P. f. fulvum is specific rather than broad spectrum. This specificity may be important in order to enable certain bacteria to live in close association with their coral host.
Comparison of FDG-PET and CT in detection of neoplasia in patients with paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (PNS) (2008)

1558 Objectives: CT has been the main imaging method used to detect primary tumors in patients with PNS. However, studies have reported the utility of FDG-PET in identifying cancer in patients with PNS. In this study, we compare FDG-PET, CT, and their combination to detect primary tumors in patients with clinical suspicion of PNS. Methods: We performed a retrospective data review of 22 patients with clinically suspected PNS who underwent contrast-enhanced CT of the chest, abdomen or pelvis, whole-body FDG-PET, or both. We reviewed the imaging reports for any findings suspicious for malignancy. We then noted if these findings correlated with the actual location of any primary tumor (confirmed by pathology), and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for these two imaging modalities separately and in combination. Results: Of 22 patients (ages 28-82, F=14, M=8), 10 had limbic encephalitis, 4 had cerebellar degeneration, 3 had sensory neuropathy, 2 had stiff-person syndrome, 2 had opsoclonus-myoclonus, and 1 had sarcoidosis rather than PNS. 20 underwent CT, which correctly identified 9/11 with tumors (sens=81%), 9/9 (spec=100%) without tumors, with accuracy of 18/20 (90%). 18 underwent FDG-PET, which correctly identified 9/9 with tumors (sens=100%), 8/9 without tumors (spec=89%), with accuracy of 17/18 (94%). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for diagnostic CT and FDG-PET combined were 100% (12/12), 90% (9/10), and 95% (21/22), respectively. Conclusions: FDG-PET is more sensitive than CT in detection of primary tumors in patients with PNS, whereas CT is more specific. Interestingly, the diagnostic performance of CT and FDG-PET combined were only slightly greater than that of FDG-PET alone.
Fisheye state routing: a routing scheme for ad hoc wireless networks (2002)

This paper presents a novel routing protocol for wireless ad hoc networks-fisheye state routing (FSR). FSR introduces the notion of multi-level fisheye scope to reduce routing update overhead in large networks. Nodes exchange link state entries with their neighbors with a frequency which depends on distance to destination. From link state entries, nodes construct the topology map of the entire network and compute optimal routes. Simulation experiments show that FSR is a simple, efficient and scalable routing solution in a mobile, ad hoc environment.
Percutaneous and Minimally Invasive Valve Procedures (2008)

The incidence of valvular heart disease is expected to increase over the next several decades as a large proportion of the US demographic advances into the later decades of life. At the same time, the next several years can be anticipated to bring a broad transition of surgical therapy to minimally invasive (minithoracotomy and small port) access and the more gradual introduction of percutaneous approaches for the correction of valvular heart disease. Broad acceptance of these technologies will require careful and sometimes perplexing comparisons of the outcomes of these new technologies with existing standards of care. The validation of percutaneous techniques, in particular, will require the collaboration of cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in centers with excellent surgical and catheter experience and a commitment to trial participation. For the near term, percutaneous techniques will likely remain investigational and will be limited in use to patients considered to be high risk or to inoperable surgical candidates. Although current-generation devices and techniques require significant modification before widespread clinical use can be adopted, it must be expected that less invasive and even percutaneous valve therapies will likely have a major impact on the management of patients with valvular heart disease over the next several years.
Status of Selective Emitter Technology (2010)

Current industrial monocrystalline Cz Si solar cells based on screen-printing technology for contact formation and homogeneous emitter have an efficiency potential of around 18.4%. Apart from limitations at the rear side by the fully covering Al-BSF the front side is limiting e.g. by relatively high j0E values. This can be changed by selective emitter designs allowing a decoupling and separate optimization of the metalized and non-metalized areas. Several selective emitter concepts that are already in industrial mass production or close to it are presented, and their specialties and status concerning cell performance are demonstrated. Key issues to be considered are costeffectiveness, added complexity, additional benefits, reliability, and efficiency potential. The efficiency increase for best cells is around 0.5-0.6%abs and the current efficiency potential already demonstrated for all technologies is around 19.0%. Average efficiencies in industrial mass production for selected technologies are 18.5-18.6% for Cz and 17.1% for mc Si. The efficiency increase by selective emitter formation is higher for inline emitters, but selective emitters based on POCl3 show the highest absolute efficiency. By decreasing the phosphorous surface concentration, selective emitters are more sensitive to surface passivation and the use of a SiNx:H layer with a higher refractive index increases implied Voc values even further. Encapsulation under module glass and EVA reduces part of the gained jsc caused by a better blue response on cell level, but a calculation reveals that this extra loss for selective emitter solar cells is <0.1 mA/cm2 and therefore negligible. The full benefit of the improved front side in terms of a selective emitter structure will be achieved when local rear contacts will be used.
Distributed motion coordination with Co-Fields: a case study in urban traffic management (2003)

Coordinating the activities of distributed autonomous entities challenges traditional approaches to distributed coordination and calls for new paradigms and supporting middleware. This paper focuses on the problem of orchestrating the movements of mobile autonomous agents in a large-scale distributed systems, and proposes an approach that takes inspiration from physics. Our idea is to have the movements of agents driven by force fields, generated by the agents themselves and propagated via some infrastructure. A globally coordinated and self-organized behavior in the agent's movements can then emerge due to the interrelated effects of agents following the shape of the fields and dynamic fields re-shaping. The approach is presented and its effectiveness described with regard to a concrete case study in the area of urban traffic coordination.
An integrated 10A, 2.2ns rise-time laser-diode driver for LIDAR applications (2009)

An integrated laser-diode driver for LIDAR applications in a 0.35 mum 80 V CMOS technology is realized. The integration of the power switch as a n-DMOS allows a peak current of 10 A, with a corresponding rise-time of 2.2 ns and a fall-time of 2.4 ns. Up to the authors knowledge this is a first-time achievement on a monolithic die. The laser can be operated at a maximum duty-cycle of 0.1 %, with a pulse duration of 10 - 50 ns. To overcome the parasitic inductances and their associated voltage drop, a high voltage of 70 V is applied to the LIDAR circuit. In order to drive the power switch within its safe operating area and to make sure the rise- and fall-time is minimized, a pre-driver is integrated on the same die.
Antifungal activity improved by coproduction of cyclodextrins and anabaenolysins in Cyanobacteria (2015)

Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve drug delivery and to increase the solubility of hydrophobic compounds. Anabaenolysins are lipopeptides produced by cyanobacteria with potent lytic activity in cholesterol-containing membranes. Here, we identified the 23- to 24-kb gene clusters responsible for the production of the lipopeptide anabaenolysin. The hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase biosynthetic gene cluster is encoded in the genomes of three anabaenolysin-producing strains of Anabaena. We detected previously unidentified strains producing known anabaenolysins A and B and discovered the production of new variants of anabaenolysins C and D. Bioassays demonstrated that anabaenolysins have weak antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Surprisingly, addition of the hydrophilic fraction of the whole-cell extracts increased the antifungal activity of the hydrophobic anabaenolysins. The fraction contained compounds identified by NMR as α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins, which undergo acetylation. Cyclodextrins have been used for decades to improve the solubility and bioavailability of many drugs including antifungal compounds. This study shows a natural example of cyclodextrins improving the solubility and efficacy of an antifungal compound in an ancient lineage of photosynthetic bacteria.
UAV detection with MIMO radar (2017)

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for different kind of remote sensing applications, for security observations, for inspections of critical infrastructures and for hobby purposes increases continuously worldwide. However, UAVs can also be used for spying actions using high sensitive microphones and high resolution cameras or as carrier of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) for terrorist attacks. Thus, it is very important to develop real-time systems which can both detect and track UAVs in critical areas in order to start adapted countermeasure actions. This paper describes the ability of MIMO imaging radar for UAV detection and tracking by presenting experimental results of a multi sensor measurement campaign.
Three-Year Changes in Bone Mineral Mass of Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Patients Based on Neutron Activation Analysis of the Central Third of the Skeleton* (1981)

Thirty-two patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis have been followed for periods of 3 yr or more to assess the effects of treatment on bone mineral mass based on sequential measurements of bone mineral in the central third of the skeleton. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was used to measure calcium in the trunk and proximal femurs. The NAA measurement is expressed as an index, CaBI, which relates the subject's Ca value to the estimated mean value for normal subjects of the same size based on height and arm span. Bone and serum fluoride concentrations were measured, and bone biopsies were carried out in many cases. The treatments consisted of various combinations of NaF (25 mg, twice daily), calcium (1 g/day), vitamin D2 (50,000 IU twice weekly), and estrogen (0.625 mg/day). NaF was always given in combination with Ca and vitamin D2. During the 3-yr treatment period, the 32 patients showed changes in bone mineral mass from losses of −10.5% to increases of 21%. The coefficient of variation of 9% for changes in CaBI is significantly greater (P < 0.01, by the F test) than that of 1.7% for volunteers followed over the same period of time. The 14 patients treated without NaF showed a mean (± SE) increase in CaBI of 3.5 ± 0.5%. Patients treated with NaF had variable results. The variations were attributed, at least in part, to the amount of F retained in the bone. The 8 patients with evidence of adequate F retention (bone F/Ca concentrations more than 10.8 mg/g and/or serum F more than 5 /xmol/liter) had a mean (± SE) increase in CaBI of 12.7 ± 2.3%, which is significantly greater (P < 0.01, by Welch test) than the mean change for controls. The 5 patients with evidence of inadequate F retention had a mean (± SE) loss in CaBI of −7.2 ± 1.0%. With NaF treatment, the increase in bone mineral mass (CaBI) was associated with histological evidence of fluorosis (increased percentages of formation and resorption surfaces, increased osteoid index, and thick osteoid seams). With adequate F therapy, significant increases in CaBI are consistent with reported data on iliac bone biopsies and spinal radiology but differ from results by densitometry of the forearm or by total body neutron activation analysis. These findings emphasize the importance of measuring skeletal changes in the central rather than the peripheral skeleton when monitoring osteoporotic patients.
The Anti‐Angiogenic Activities of Glycyrrhizic Acid in Tumor Progression (2012)

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is the bioactive compound of licorice and has been used as a herbal medicine because of its anti-viral, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was designed to investigate the effects of GA on tumor growth, angiogenesis, and the mechanisms underlying the anti-angiogenic activities of GA. We observed that GA inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis in mice. GA decreased angiogenic activities, such as the migration, invasion, and tube formation of endothelial cells. We also demonstrated that GA reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and activation of ERK in endothelial cells. Our findings suggest that GA is a promising anti-angiogenic therapeutic agent that targets the ERK pathway. Considering that angiogenesis is highly stimulated in the majority of cancers, GA could offer a potent therapeutic agent for cancer.
A comprehensive analyzer for the JIAWG high speed data bus (2002)

The author explains the HSDB (high speed data bus) protocol, describes the HSDB-A (high-speed data bus analyzer) hardware, and presents HSDB-A operation from the user's point of view. The HSDB provides 50 Mb/s maximum bandwidth, adequate throughput, and excellent fault recovery characteristics. The HSDB serves as a mission avionics bus, coordinating processes among integrated racks. To debug systems interconnected by the HSDB, engineers need a comprehensive support tool that can monitor the bus, maintain bus performance statistics, selectively capture bus traffic on error or trigger conditions, emulate nonexistent terminals, and stress the bus to the specification limits. The HSDB-A fulfils this need.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Testing for Optimally of Linear Systems† (1966)

ABSTRACT Procedures exist for designing optimal linear controllers for linear systems subjected to additive noise at the input and output. The paper considers the inverse problem of deciding whether a given controller, specified by its transfer function, is optimal for a prescribed linear plant. A closed form test for optimality is derived for single input, single output plants, while for all other situations the testing for optimality is reduced to the derivation of a non-singular solution of a prescribed quadratic matrix equation.
Population genomic and genome-wide association studies of agroclimatic traits in sorghum (2012)

Accelerating crop improvement in sorghum, a staple food for people in semiarid regions across the developing world, is key to ensuring global food security in the context of climate change. To facilitate gene discovery and molecular breeding in sorghum, we have characterized ~265,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 971 worldwide accessions that have adapted to diverse agroclimatic conditions. Using this genome-wide SNP map, we have characterized population structure with respect to geographic origin and morphological type and identified patterns of ancient crop diffusion to diverse agroclimatic regions across Africa and Asia. To better understand the genomic patterns of diversification in sorghum, we quantified variation in nucleotide diversity, linkage disequilibrium, and recombination rates across the genome. Analyzing nucleotide diversity in landraces, we find evidence of selective sweeps around starch metabolism genes, whereas in landrace-derived introgression lines, we find introgressions around known height and maturity loci. To identify additional loci underlying variation in major agroclimatic traits, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on plant height components and inflorescence architecture. GWAS maps several classical loci for plant height, candidate genes for inflorescence architecture. Finally, we trace the independent spread of multiple haplotypes carrying alleles for short stature or long inflorescence branches. This genome-wide map of SNP variation in sorghum provides a basis for crop improvement through marker-assisted breeding and genomic selection.
Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels (1991)

Description This publication documents the 35 year history of fuel thermal stability problems and remedies in jet aircraft. Specifically, Monograph 1: • Discusses the chemical and physical aspects that are critical factors in thermal stability • Describes the great variety of test devices — from small scale fuel specification testers to large scale engineering simulators —that have been used in defining thermal stability • Presents information on the thermal environment in jet aircraft and engines, the role of oxidation and trace metals in insolubles formation, the use of additives to modify stability behavior, and the possible characteristics of future fuels. Monograph 1 is unique in that it presents a comprehensive and integrated approach to thermal stability, addressing contradictions in experimental data and resolving conflicting results where possible.
Synthesis of Substituted Ureas: Some α-Benzamido Cinnamo Phenyl Ureas (1966)

With a view to synthesising a few substituted ureas required for some other purpose, vanillin and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde have been condensed with hippuric acid in presence of acetic anhydride and anhydrous sodium acetate to yield 2-phenyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzylidene)-(Ia) and 2-phenyl- (p-hydroxy benzylidene)-5-oxazolones (lb). These on treatment with hydrazine hydrate in ethereal solution are converted into the corresponding hydrazides (II). which, on treatment with nitrous acid, furnish azides (III).
Vertical Tunnel FET: Design Optimization With Triple Metal-Gate Layers (2016)

The effect of a triple metal-gate (TMG) on the performance and on the ambipolar current in a TMG vertical tunnel field-effect transistor with triple metal-gate (TMG-TFET) is investigated using technology computer-aided design simulation. The TMG-TFET is designed to tackle the performance as well as the ambipolar current, simultaneously, by modulating the TMG parameters-the work function of the TMG and/or the length of each MG-that have critical impacts on the energyband diagrams of the channel region. The tempered on-/offcurrent ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> and the steep average subthreshold slope of 43.5 mV/decade at a power supply voltage of 0.5 V are ascribed to the formation of an energy barrier in the channel by the optimal device parameters. It is found that two main flaws in a conventional (single-material gate) TFET, which are the degraded on-state current and the ambipolar current, can be successfully controlled by adjusting the TMG structure.
Citrate Regional Anticoagulation in Haemodialysis (1987)

The use of citrate as an anticoagulant in haemodialysis is for patients who are recognised to be at risk if systemically anticoagulated. This paper describes a trial of use of a technically simple procedure involving the use of small volumes of citrate solution. It introduces the measurement of plasma citrate levels in a population of stable patients on regular dialysis treatment. Using synchronous pre- and post-dialyser blood samples, measurement of the whole blood clotting times demonstrated the restriction of anticoagulation to the extracorporeal circulation. It is concluded that citrate anticoagulation is safe, acceptable and simple for use in haemodialysis for patients at risk from systemic anticoagulation.