gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
401.4 Email Preservation at Scale: Preliminary Findings Supporting the Use of Predictive Coding (2018)

Email provides a rich history of an organization yet poses unique challenges to archivists. It is difficult to acquire and process due to sensitive content and diverse topics and formats, which inhibits access and research. Predictive coding alleviates these challenges by using supervised machine learning to: augment appraisal decisions, identify and prioritize sensitive content for review and redaction, and generate descriptive metadata of themes and trends. Following the authors’ previous work which describes the project at its inception, preliminary findings support the use of predictive coding as an effective tool to enable digital preservation at scale. Specific tools, methodologies, and human factors that affect their success are discussed.
MEG Tomography of Human Cortex and Brainstem Activity in Waking and REM Sleep Saccades (2003)

We recorded the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signal from three subjects before, during and after eye movements cued to a tone, self-paced, awake and during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. During sleep we recorded the MEG signal throughout the night together with electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) channels to construct a hypnogram. While awake, just prior to and during eye movements, the expected well time-locked physiological activations were imaged in pontine regions, with early 3 s priming. Activity in the frontal eye fields (FEF) was identified in the 300 ms before the saccade onset. Visual cortex activation occurred 200 ms after saccades. During REM, compared to the eyes closed awake condition, activity was higher in supplementary motor area (SMA) and lower in inferior parietal and precuneus cortex. Electro-occulographic (EOG) activity just prior to REM saccades correlated with bilateral pontine and FEF activity some 250-400 ms before REM saccade onset, which in turn was preceded 200 ms earlier by reciprocal activation of the pons and FEF. An orbitofrontal-amygdalo-parahippocampal-pontine sequence, possibly related to emotional activation during REM sleep, was identified in the last 100 ms leading to the REM saccade, but not linked to saccade initiation.
Protease‐activated receptor subtype expression in developing eye and adult retina of the rat after optic nerve crush (2003)

Protease-activated receptors (PARs), 7-transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptors, are involved in tissue degeneration and repair upon injury. We demonstrate the expression of all four PAR subtypes in the postnatal eye and in retina of the adult rat by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PAR-1 is regulated developmentally in the eye, with a decrease from P1, P9, to P16, whereas levels for PAR-2, PAR-3, and PAR-4 remain unchanged throughout. In the retina of the adult rat, PAR-1 is highly expressed, whereas PAR-2 and PAR-3 are moderately expressed, compared to low PAR-4 expression. To elucidate possible roles of PARs after trauma, we carried out semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of expression of all 4 PAR subtypes, beginning 6 hr after partial optic nerve crush (ONC) in the adult rat until 3 weeks after the mild trauma. Levels of PAR mRNA for all four subtypes were upregulated as early as 6 hr after unilateral ONC, except PAR-3, which showed a delayed upregulation. PAR-1, PAR-3, and PAR-4 mRNA levels returned to almost basal levels at 3 weeks post-crush, whereas PAR-2 mRNA level was still high by the end of 3 weeks after crush. Although the lesion was unilateral, PAR mRNA expression in the contralateral, uninjured side was affected to levels almost comparable to those in the injured side. Previous studies have shown an increase in thrombin levels at the site of injury, retinal ganglion cell degeneration by necrosis and apoptosis, and PAR activation as consequences of nerve crush. PAR upregulation because of nerve crush in the mild trauma model could act as an effector of early cell death. Eventual return of receptor mRNA to basal levels is consistent with neuroprotection.
"PROSTATIC" SERUM ACID PHOSPHATASE LEVEL IN CANCER OF THE PROSTATE (1957)

• Abnormal levels of serum acid phosphatase specifically of origin can provide the key to accurate diagnosis of cancer of the prostate. The presence of normal levels of total serum acid phosphatase cannot be considered sufficient evidence to rule out cancer, especially where there are other clinical signs of this disease. Where there is a questionable diagnosis of cancer, the administration of testosterone 50 mg. three times a week, may be followed by a significant rise in prostatic serum acid phosphatase level, by stimulation of the tumor growth. Five unsuspected cases of carcinoma of the prostate were diagnosed by abnormal serum acid phosphatase values among 233 males admitted to the hospital during a two-year period. A normal serum acid phosphatase level is equally important from a diagnostic standpoint.
AIRSAM: A Tool for Assessing Airborne Infrared Countermeasures (2000)

Intelligence data is a key component to command and control (C2) decisions. Often intelligence analysts have to provide commanders with timely data in order for them to execute their missions. The Advanced Infrared Countermeasures Assessment Model (AIRSAM) is a tool used by analysts at the National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC) to predict the most likely infrared countermeasure (IRCM) response from aircraft when engaged by a threat using electro-optic (EO) and infrared (IR) weaponry. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) develops this tool for NAIC. The goal of this tool is to allow the analyst to perform multiple engagement scenarios involving different geometries and IRCM responses in a relatively short period of time (e.g. one day).
Field Measurements of Wind Turbine Wakes with Lidars (2012)

Abstract Field measurements of the wake flow produced from a 2-MW Enercon E-70 wind turbine were performed using three scanning Doppler wind lidars. A GPS-based technique was used to determine the position of the wind turbine and the wind lidar locations, as well as the direction of the laser beams. The lidars used in this study are characterized by a high spatial resolution of 18 m, which allows the detailed characterization of the wind turbine wake. Two-dimensional measurements of wind speed were carried out by scanning a single lidar over the vertical symmetry plane of the wake. The mean axial velocity field was then retrieved by averaging 2D scans performed consecutively. To investigate wake turbulence, single lidar measurements were performed by staring the laser beam at fixed directions and using the maximum sampling frequency. From these tests, peaks in the velocity variance are detected within the wake in correspondence of the turbine top tip height; this enhanced turbulence could represent a source of dangerous fatigue loads for downstream turbines. The spectral density of the measured velocity fluctuations shows a clear inertial-range scaling behavior. Then, simultaneous measurements with two lidars were performed in order to characterize both the axial and the vertical velocity components. For this setup, the two velocity components were retrieved only for measurement points for which the two laser beams crossed nearly at a right angle. Statistics were computed over the sample set for both velocity components, and they showed strong flow fluctuations in the near-wake region at turbine top tip height, with a turbulence intensity of about 30%.
Versuche zum Vorgang der Wasserstoffübertragung, IV. Reduktiver Abbau quartärer Ammoniumsalze an der Blei‐ bzw. Quecksilberkathode (1961)

Abstract Aliphatisch substituierte quartäre Aniliniumsalze werden nach B. Emmert an der Bleikathode an der N—Aryl‐Bindung gespalten. Wir haben gefunden, daß bei im aromatischen Kern substituierten Aniliniumsalzen der Hofmannsche Abbau und der reduktive kathodische Abbau nebeneinander ablaufen. Die Umsetzungen an der Bleikathode können durch Oberflächenveränderungen empfindlich gestört werden. Es wird gezeigt, daß der reduktive Abbau quartärer Ammoniumsalze an der Quecksilberkathode wesentlich günstiger als an der Bleikathode verläuft. Auf die zunehmende Haftfestigkeit Benzyl < Allyl < Phenyl < Alkyl gründet sich ein einfaches präparatives Verfahren zur Darstellung gemischt substituierter tertiärer Amine und quartärer Ammoniumslze. Es wird angenommen, daß der reduktive Abbau über “Ammoniumhydride” verläuft.
Sensor-based self-localization for wheeled mobile robots (2002)

A reliable and robust algorithm for localizing a mobile robot in an indoor environment that is relatively consistent with an a priori map is demonstrated. The algorithm uses an extended Kalman filter that combines dead-reckoning, ultrasonic, and infrared sensor data to estimate current position and orientation. Through a thresholding approach, unexpected obstacles can be detected. Experimental results from implementation in a mobile robot, Nomad-200, are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-deficient mice to determine the role of norepinephrine in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. (2001)

Norepinephrine (NE) is thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression, and in the mechanism of action of antidepressant compounds. Previously, we created mice that are unable to synthesize NE and epinephrine due to targeted disruption of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase gene (Dbh). To specifically test the role of NE in mediating behavioral changes elicited by antidepressants, these mice were examined in the forced swim test. There was no difference in baseline immobility scores in the forced swim test between Dbh(+/-) mice, which have normal levels of NE, and Dbh(-/-) mice. However, the Dbh(-/-) mice failed to demonstrate antidepressant-like behavioral effects following the administration of several classes of antidepressants. These included the NE reuptake inhibitors desipramine and reboxetine, the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline, and the atypical antidepressant bupropion. In addition, desipramine significantly reduced immobility in the Dbh(-/-) mice following pretreatment with the synthetic NE precursor L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine, but not saline. Biochemical studies showed that there was no significant difference in the regional brain levels of NE transporter immunoreactivity or monoamine oxidase activity, the primary targets for most of the compounds examined. Taken together, these data show that the use of mice that lack endogenous NE may be an important strategy for unraveling the role of NE in tests sensitive to the effects of various psychotherapeutic agents.
Development of a murine model of chronic Salmonella infection (1997)

The invasive disease caused by Salmonella typhimurium in mice resembles the acute phase of human typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi, and experimental murine salmonellosis is a widely used experimental model for systemic salmonellosis. In this paper we demonstrate that murine S. typhimurium infection can also be used to model the development of the chronic carrier state that develops in humans after infection with S. typhi. We describe a virulent variant of S. typhimurium that has decreased expression of AgfA fibers under all environmental conditions studied and that causes a chronic carrier state in BALB/c mice after peroral inoculation. The chronic carrier state is associated with persistence of bacteria in the small intestine, spleen, and liver, and chronic infection continues despite the development of protective immunity to challenge with virulent Salmonella.
Silencing the Flavonoid Pathway in <i>Medicago truncatula</i> Inhibits Root Nodule Formation and Prevents Auxin Transport Regulation by Rhizobia (2006)

Legumes form symbioses with rhizobia, which initiate the development of a new plant organ, the nodule. Flavonoids have long been hypothesized to regulate nodule development through their action as auxin transport inhibitors, but genetic proof has been missing. To test this hypothesis, we used RNA interference to silence chalcone synthase (CHS), the enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of the flavonoid pathway, in Medicago truncatula. Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation was used to create hairy roots that showed strongly reduced CHS transcript levels and reduced levels of flavonoids in silenced roots. Flavonoid-deficient roots were unable to initiate nodules, even though normal root hair curling was observed. Nodule formation and flavonoid accumulation could be rescued by supplementation of plants with the precursor flavonoids naringenin and liquiritigenin. The flavonoid-deficient roots showed increased auxin transport compared with control roots. Inoculation with rhizobia reduced auxin transport in control roots after 24 h, similar to the action of the auxin transport inhibitor N-(1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid (NPA). Rhizobia were unable to reduce auxin transport in flavonoid-deficient roots, even though NPA inhibited auxin transport. Our results present genetic evidence that root flavonoids are necessary for nodule initiation in M. truncatula and suggest that they act as auxin transport regulators.
Target detection in high clutter using passive bistatic WiFi radar (2009)

The rapid rollout of wireless local area networks (WLANs) has provided a ubiquitous source of signal transmissions that may be exploited for surveillance applications using passive bistatic radar (PBR) and passive multistatic radar (PMR) systems. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to examine the feasibility of using IEEE 802.11 wireless fidelity (WiFi) transmissions for detecting uncooperative targets in high clutter indoor environments. The range and Doppler characteristics of the system were also assessed theoretically from an ambiguity function analysis on WiFi signals having similar transmission parameters. Through-wall detections of personnel targets moving at differing velocities within an indoor environment are presented for the first time. The work demonstrates the feasibility for developing a low cost surveillance device that utilises WiFi networks as transmitters of opportunity.
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Stimulates Protein Kinase C (PKC) and Induces Expression of PKC-Isotypes via Prostaglandin-H-Synthase in P388D<sub>1</sub>Macrophage-Like Cells (1996)

Treatment of cells with LPS-free oxLDL significantly enhanced protein kinase C (PKC) activity in cell extracts from P388D1 macrophage-like cells as determined by phosphorylation of histone H1 or Ac-MBP[4-14] substrate peptide. This effect was abolished by the PKC inhibitors H-7 and bisindolylmaleimide I while pertussis toxin failed to block stimulation. The phosphotransferase activity was also increased by acetylated LDL (acLDL) and maleylated albumin (malBSA), the oxLDL effect was inhibited by chloroquine which also blocked oxLDL-induced stimulation of tyrosine kinase activity. Marginal stimulation of PKC activity was observed when lipid extracts from oxLDL were used, indicating that uptake via scavenger receptors (SR) is mandatory. Polyinosinic acid (poly I) exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of the oxLDL-induced effect suggesting that SR II/I but not CD36 interactions are critical to PKC activation. Modified (lipo)proteins increased the concentration of diacylglycerol and differentially affected the levels of individual PKC isoenzymes predominantly in the cytosolic fraction. Changes of activity induced by oxLDL could be primarily assigned to alterations of the activities and levels of the isoenzymes beta and delta. Treatment with oxLDL, acLDL, and malBSA was also accompanied by increased production of prostaglandins as well as by an enhanced level of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) as determined by Western blot analysis. Effects (correction) of oxLDL on PKC activity/expression was suppressed by the cyclooxygenase, 2,2-dimethyl-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-phenyl-2,2-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-5- ylacetic acid (ML 3000), and by treatment with the specific COX 2-inhibitor N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl) methane-sulfonamide (NS-398). These results indicate that oxLDL, acLDL, and malBSA exhibit a COX 2-dependent and isotype specific effect on PKC in P388D1 cells following uptake via SR II/I and subsequent lysosomal degradation.
Morphology and morphogenesis of arenaviruses. (1975)

Arenaviruses have unique structural characteristics; they are pleomorphic, have a mean diameter of 110-130 nm, and consist of a membranous envelope with surface projections surrounding an interior containing ribosomes and filaments. Virus particles bud from plasma membranes of infected cells and in many cases large intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies are formed. These characteristics allow generic identification, but not differentiation of individual viruses. Ultrastructural identification of virus particles and pathological processes in infected tissues of man and experimental animals is important in understanding the nature of arenaviral pathogenesis Such identification also contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of viral shedding and transmission in reservoir host species.
SMART STRUCTURES STABILIZED UNSTABLE CONTROL SURFACES (1993)

A two-dimensional wing-aileron-tab model is postulated to simulate a fixed-wing aircraft control system actuated by a ie strain actuated-trailing edge. Wing position is fixed and tab rotation is driven, so that the only degree of freedom is aileron rotation, Linear dynamic analyses are performed to predict the response of such a system to step function commands using state-space versions of 2-D unsteady aerodynamic theory. Aileron hinge position, relative to its leading edge, and its rotational spring rates are considered primary design variables. Their influence is studied including combinations in the naturally unstable range, and feedback control is postulated to stabilize the system. Wing aileron parameters intended to be typical of operational aircraft are used to choose smart structure stabilized control surface design variables which are best, based on three criteria: largest ratio of aileron rotation to tab deflection, quickest response time, and minimum overshoot. The influences of steady wing angle of attack and flight speed on system performance are also briefly examined. Nomenclature b = wing semi-chord c = C(k) = Theodorsen's lift deficiency function [12] d = e = h = location, wing pivot, measured from mid-chord, positive aft, nondimensionalized by b location, leading edge of tab, measured from mid-chord, positive aft, nondimensionalized by b location, leading edge of aileron, measured from mid-chord, positive aft, nondimensionalized by b wing pivot plunging displacement, measured perpendicular to freestream velocity vector, nondimensionalized by b bw k = reduced frequency = m = V/b s ' = 1k ' = m s = S Ladace Transform independent variable t = tiGe(sec) P = aileron angular 6 = tab angular deflection p = air mass unit span (ft-lb/rad/span) * Institute Professor of Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics, Honorary Fellow AIAA ** Graduate Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics Release A: Copyright c 1992 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved. I second mass moment of aileron about its hinge, S6 ,Is = first and second mass moments, respectively, of tab about its leading edge, per unit span (slug-ft and slug-ftz/span) L lift generated by the aileron, acting at the aileron leading edge ( lb ) M moment generated by the aileron, acting about the aileron leading edge (ft-lb) MP = moment generated by the aileron, acting about the aileron hinge (ft-lb) Oi .,Xem = Kussner's Coefficients [13] Pit) ,& t = Circulatory Lift Functions, Eqs. (6,7) [A], [B ft , C], [D], [XI = State-Space formulation matrices, Eq. (9) xi, ni = State-Space formulation matrix elements, per unit span (slug-ftz/span) P -
Growth of Isolates of Paecilomyces lilacinus and Their Efficacy in Biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita on Tomato. (1989)

The potential of 13 Paecilomyces lilacinus isolates from various geographic regions as biocontrol agents against Meloidogyne incognita, the effects of temperature on their growth, and the characterization of the impact of soil temperature on their efficacy for controlling this nematode were investigated. Maximum fungal growth, as determined by dry weight of the mycelium, occurred from 24 to 30 C; least growth was at 12 and 36 C. The best control of M. incognita was provided by an isolate from Peru or a mixture of isolates of P. lilacinus. As soil temperatures increased from 16 to 28 C, both root-knot damage caused by M. incognita and percentage of egg masses infected by P. lilacinus increased. The greatest residual P. lilacinus activity on M. incognita was attained with a mixture of fungal isolates. These isolates effected lower root-galling and necrosis, egg development, and enhanced shoot growth compared with plants inoculated with M. incognita alone.
Metric aspects of zoom vision (1990)

The small dimensions of the focal planes of solid-state sensors and the limited resolution of the pixel array decrease the potential applications of vision systems. Zoom lenses can enhance the flexibility and capabilities of vision systems by providing the user with continuous access to a full range of focal length settings without degrading geometric accuracy. The key to the use of such lenses lies in the inherent stability of array cameras. Preliminary test results showed that when the focal length setting of a zoom lens was changed, significant changes occurred in both the position of the principal point and lens distortion characteristics. However, these changes were found to be either linear or curvilinear over the entire range of zoom. Moreover, both the magnitude and pattern of the changes were found to be highly stable over a period of weeks. Thus, the results indicated that the changing interior geometry of zoom lens camera systems can be pre-calibrated and then applied during the measurement process. This paper reports on experimental results and distortion models using two zoom lenses with focal lengths ranging from 12.5mm to 75mm.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ring‐Fluorinated Porphyrins and Reconstitutional Myoglobins with Their Iron Complexes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Experimental verification of nondiffracting X waves (1992)

The propagation of acoustic waves in isotropic/homogeneous media and electromagnetic waves in free space is governed by the isotropic/homogeneous (or free space) scalar wave equation. A zeroth-order acoustic X wave (axially symmetric) was experimentally produced with an acoustic annular array transducer. The generalized expression includes a term for the frequency response of the system and parameters for varying depth of field versus beam width of the resulting family of beams. Excellent agreement between theoretical predictions and experiment was obtained. An X wave of finite aperture driven with realizable (causal, finite energy) pulses is found to travel with a large depth of field (nondiffracting length).