gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composite Hybrid Framework for Through-Life Multi-Objective Failure Analysis and Optimisation (2021)

Complex engineering systems include several subsystems that interact in a stochastic and multifaceted manner with multiple failure modes (FMs). The dynamic nature of FMs introduces uncertainties that negatively impact the reliability, risk, and maintenance of complex systems. Traditional approaches of adopting standalone techniques for managing FMs independently at various stages of the asset life cycle pose challenges related to utilisation, costs, availability, and in some cases, accidents. Therefore, this paper proposes a composite hybrid framework comprising four independent hybrid models for comprehensive through-life failure management and optimisation. The first hybrid model entails failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) and fault tree analysis (FTA) to identify critical FMs and overall subsystem failure rates. The second hybrid model analyses FMs caused by multiple subsystems using hybrid dynamic Bayesian discretisation. The third hybrid model adopts a hybrid Gaussian process regression machine learning technique to evaluate wear loss. The fourth hybrid model evaluates the overall risk using a Bayesian factorisation and elimination method based on multiple failure causes. Finally, a decision-making step is used to evaluate the results of the previous four steps to decide an appropriate maintenance strategy. The proposed method is verified through a case study of a UK-based train operator's pantograph system. The results show that the maintenance inspection intervals and strategy obtained using the proposed framework strike a good balance between safety and fleet availability.
NICEATM and ICCVAM Participation in the International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods (2010)

Summary The National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM) and the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) work to promote the validation and regulatory acceptance of new, revised, and alternative test methods that will provide continued or improved protection of people, animals and the environment while reducing, refining, and replacing the use of animals. On April 27, 2009, the United States, Canada, European Union, and Japan signed a Memorandum of Cooperation on International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods (ICATM). The agreement provides for regular collaborations of NICEATM and ICCVAM with the Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM), the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM), and Health Canada’s Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau during validation studies, scientific peer reviews, and development of harmonized recommendations for new test methods. NICEATM and ICCVAM have implemented processes to support efficient international collabora tions in order to achieve more rapid international acceptance of harmonized scientifically valid test methods.
Film '73, London (1973)

From the opening address by Sir John Eden, Minister of Posts and Telecommunications, to the Friday evening banquet, it was apparent that the President of BKSTS, B. J. Davies, together with Conference Chairman R. R. E. Pulman and the Conference Committee, had achieved a well-balanced program of papers, technical visits and exhibits to meet the varied interests of more than 1,000 registrants from 30 countries.
Aircraft aerodynamic design geometry and optimization (2014)

Optimal aircraft design is impossible without a parametric representation of the geometry of the airframe. We need a mathematical model equipped with a set of controls, or design variables, which generates different candidate airframe shapes in response to changes in the values of these variables. This model's objectives are to be flexible and concise, and capable of yielding a wide range of shapes with a minimum number of design variables. Moreover, the process of converting these variables into aircraft geometries must be robust. Alas, flexibility, conciseness and robustness can seldom be achieved simultaneously.<br/><br/>Aircraft Aerodynamic Design: Geometry and Optimization addresses this problem by navigating the subtle trade-offs between the competing objectives of geometry parameterization. It begins with the fundamentals of geometry-centred aircraft design, followed by a review of the building blocks of computational geometries, the curve and surface formulations at the heart of aircraft geometry. The authors then cover a range of legacy formulations in the build-up towards a discussion of the most flexible shape models used in aerodynamic design (with a focus on lift generating surfaces). The book takes a practical approach and includes MATLAB®, Python and Rhinoceros® code, as well as ‘real-life’ example case studies.
Metrics of salbutamol use as predictors of future adverse outcomes in asthma (2013)

Electronically recorded frequency of current salbutamol use is a strong predictor of risk of future adverse outcomes in asthma, with average daily use performing the best. These findings provide new information for clinicians considering metrics of salbutamol as predictors of future adverse outcomes in asthma.
Interferometric Observation of Raman Spectra: Comparison of Photomultiplier and Avalanche Diode Detectors (1986)

The use of the technique of Fourier transform spectroscopy for the measurement of Raman scattering has recently been demonstrated; it was shown to be a viable method despite the absence of many of the advantages the FT measurement procedure has for infrared absorption spectra. Comparisons of the relative advantages of interferometry vs. dispersive spectroscopy for observing Raman spectra have been given previously. In our preliminary attempts to implement this technique on a Bomem DA3-02 spectrometer, several results were obtained which may be of interest to others contemplating such a step. In particular, we investigated the relative advantages of a photomultiplier and a silicon avalanche photodiode for detection of Raman spectra excited in two different spectral regions.
Niobate and TantaIate Dielectrics (1952)

The ceramic and electrical properties of the niobates and tantalates of the elements of the first and second vertical groups of the periodic table have been examined. Included in the group are members of the perovskite crystal system which are ferroelectric and exhibit Curie points in the range 350° to 475°C. The NaNbO 3 and NaTaO 3 are of particular interest. It appears that Cd 2 Nb 2 O 7 is the ceramic and dielectric analogue of SrTiO 3 . The binary NaNbO 3 .Cd 2 Nb 2 O 7 is the evident analogue of BaTiO 3 with the exception that its high dielectric constant and piezoelectric properties are maintained over a much broader range of temperature. A study of these compounds has indicated means for spreading the temperature range of usefulness of perovskite‐structure ceramics for capacitor and electromechanical application.
Enhanced Cas12a editing in mammalian cells and zebrafish (2019)

Type V CRISPR-Cas12a systems provide an alternate nuclease platform to Cas9, with potential advantages for specific genome editing applications. Here we describe improvements to the Cas12a system that facilitate efficient targeted mutagenesis in mammalian cells and zebrafish embryos. We show that engineered variants of Cas12a with two different nuclear localization sequences (NLS) on the C terminus provide increased editing efficiency in mammalian cells. Additionally, we find that pre-crRNAs comprising a full-length direct repeat (full-DR-crRNA) sequence with specific stem-loop G-C base substitutions exhibit increased editing efficiencies compared with the standard mature crRNA framework. Finally, we demonstrate in zebrafish embryos that the improved LbCas12a and FnoCas12a nucleases in combination with these modified crRNAs display high mutagenesis efficiencies and low toxicity when delivered as ribonucleoprotein complexes at high concentration. Together, these results define a set of enhanced Cas12a components with broad utility in vertebrate systems.
A Novel Three-Phase UPS Inverter Driven by Error-Tracking-Mode PWM Scheme (2005)

With prevalence of information technology into our modern society and advance of automation technology in modern production process, the UPS market is assumed to make sustainable expansion. Error-Tracking-Mode PWM scheme offers novel constantly-sampled current-regulated switching algorithm to voltage-source power converters. This paper proposes a UPS in which Error-Tracking-Mode PWM scheme is applied to the current minor loop. The upper voltage control loop (ac-AVR) is developed afresh, that makes best of the PWM attributes. The equivalent output impedance of the UPS is derived theoretically for not only small signal but also large signal operation, that value can be arbitrarily specified by the ac-AVR parameters. A 3 kVA experimental setup was designed and fabricated, which has demonstrated the theoretical characteristics satisfactorily. The paper discusses the experimental results in detail. The authors believe that the paper presents a clue to realize independent and autonomic operation of dispersed PWM converters.
Local structure and dynamics in proteins characterized by hydrogen exchange and mass spectrometry. (1998)

Amide hydrogen exchange rates, determined by NMR spectroscopy, have become an important tool that is often used to investigate structure and dynamics of small proteins. Recent developments in mass spectrometry and sample handling methods make possible measurement of deuterium levels at peptide amide linkages in polypeptides. The ability to make these measurements has led to development of the protein fragmentation/mass spectrometry approach for determining amide hydrogen exchange rates in short segments of intact proteins following their incubation in D2O. Partially deuterated proteins are proteolytically fragmented into peptides whose molecular weights are determined by on-line liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Deuterium levels, which are determined from the molecular weights of the peptic fragments, can be used to determine amide hydrogen exchange rates. Details of the protein fragmentation/mass spectrometry approach, along with a brief review of the theory of amide hydrogen exchange, are described. The ability to detect and locate minor structural differences in proteins by the protein fragmentation/mass spectrometry approach is illustrated using oxidized and reduced cytochrome c. These results show that oxidation of iron has little effect on the N- and C-terminal regions, but significantly destabilizes the interior regions of cytochrome c. The ability to detect localized unfolding in large proteins is illustrated with aldolase that was equilibrated in acid. Despite the success achieved by NMR spectroscopy for determining amide hydrogen exchange rates, mass spectrometry is advantageous because it permits studies of large proteins, requires only picomoles of protein, and provides a direct measure of structural heterogeneity.
The nature and spatial distribution of amino acid substitutions conferring resistance to neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in human rhinovirus type 2 (1993)

A total of 38 neutralization escape mutant viruses have been selected from a cloned stock of human rhinovirus serotype 2 (HRV-2), using either of two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which recognize overlapping epitopes as judged by competition binding. The mutant viruses were analysed for their sensitivity to a panel of antiviral MAbs by antibody binding and virus neutralization assays. The position and nature of the selected mutations was determined by sequencing of the virus RNAs, and the location of the substituted amino acids on the three-dimensional structure of the virus predicted from the co-ordinates determined for the closely related HRV-1A. Escape from neutralization could be attributed to single amino acid substitutions in all but one case, which had a deletion of four amino acids. In all cases in which the same mutation was found more than once, these mutations were transitions. The ratio of transition to transversion mutations was about 5:1 overall or about 1.7:1 if only unique substitutions are considered. Each antibody selected for a discrete cluster of mutations and the area of these clusters was considerably less than that determined to be in contact with antibodies from X-ray crystallographic analyses of antibody/protein complexes. One mutation did not occur within the cluster of others selected with the same antibody. This substitution occurred at the base of a small loop and may cause conformational changes at the virus surface.
Development of Pilot Plant Gasification Systems for the Conversion of Crop and Wood Residues to Thermal and Electrical Energy (1978)

A noteworthy observation on the energy crisis, such as it existed in America in 1906, can be found in "A Treatise on Producer-Gas and Gas Producers" by Samuel S. Wyer, M.E.(l). According to Mr. Wyer, "One of the most serious problems of the near future will be that of fuel supply. We are even now returning to mines that were abandoned several years ago and are beginning to rework them with an economy unknown before; and coal seams, formerly regarded as being too thin or too poor to work, are being investigated and purchased in large areas. Brown coal, lignite, peat, sawdust and other refuse are now being used in European Gas Producers, and these low-grade fuels must soon be used extensively in this country." On the future of natural gas Mr. Wyer stated that "While natural gas is now piped long distances and utilized in manufacturing industries where
Laser desorption Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry vs. fast atom bombardment magnetic sector mass spectrometry for drug analysis (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser desorption Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry vs. fast atom bombardment magnetic sector mass spectrometry for drug analysisRonald E. Shomo, Alan G. Marshall, and C. R. WeisenbergerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 14, 2940–2944Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00291a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00291a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SpaceWire-to-GigabitEther and SpaceWire backplane (2014)

In 2UU6, we developed SpaceWire platform named SpaceCube cooperation with JAXA and NEC. After the success of SpaceCube project, we developed number of SpaceWire products. Some examples of this innovation include several kind of the SpaceWire interface boards, SpaceWire router and SpaceCubeMK2. These developments included the support and cooperation of JAXA, OSAKA University, Japan Space Systems and NEC. In this paper we describe architecture, functions and usage about our new products which are the SpaceWire-to-GigabitEther and the SpaceWire backplane. The equipment used as verification for ASTRO-H of JAXA.
A virtually imaged phased array with tapered reflectivity (2002)

The virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) can create large angular dispersion for demultiplexing of dense WDM signals. In order to reduce crosstalk and increase fiber coupling efficiency, we modify the VIPA design by tapering the reflectivity. We develop a simulation to confirm this improvement.
Evolution, Emergence, and Learning in Complex Systems (2003)

(2003). Evolution, Emergence, and Learning in Complex Systems. Emergence: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 8-33.
Augmentation of cellular immune responses to bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein D by vaccination with CpG-enhanced plasmid vectors (2002)

The potential of CpG-enhanced plasmid DNA vectors encoding a truncated secreted form of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein D (tgD) to induce enhanced immune responses in cattle was investigated. We created tgD expression plasmids containing 0, 40 or 88 copies of the hexamer 5' GTCGTT 3', a known pan-activating CpG motif in several species. The total tgD-specific IgG titre of calves immunized with these plasmids did not correlate with the CpG content of the plasmid backbone. However, the pBISIA88-tgD-vaccinated group showed a significantly lower IgG1:IgG2 ratio than calves immunized with pBISIA40-tgD or pMASIA-tgD, which has no CpG motifs inserted. Antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlated positively with the CpG content of the vectors. In contrast, calves that received a killed BHV-1 vaccine had an IgG1-predominant isotype and low lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma levels. Following challenge, the pBISIA88-tgD-immunized group developed the greatest anamnestic response, the highest BHV-1 neutralization titres in serum and a significantly lower level of virus shedding than the saline control group. However, there were no significant differences in clinical symptoms of infection between the DNA-immunized groups and the saline control group. These data indicate that CpG-enhanced plasmids induce augmented immune responses and could be used to vaccinate against pathogens requiring a strong cellular response for protection.
Computational Approaches for the Interpretation of ToF-SIMS Data. (2014)

High surface sensitivity and lateral resolution imaging make Time-of-Flight SecondaryIon Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) a unique and powerful tool for biologicalanalysis. Many of these biological systems, including drug-cell interactions, requireboth the identification and location of specific chemicals. ToF-SIMS, used in imagingmode, is making great strides towards the goal of single cell and tissue analysis.The experiments, however, result in huge volumes of data. Here advanced computationalapproaches employing sophisticated techniques to convert these data intoknowledge are introduced.This thesis aims to produce a framework for data analysis, integrating novel algorithms,image analysis and 3D visualisation. New schema outlined in this thesisaddress the issues of the immense size of 3D image stacks and the complexity containedwithin the enormous wealth of information in ToF-SIMS data.To deal with the issues of size and complexity of ToF-SIMS data, new techniquesto processing image data are investigated. Automated compression routines for ToF-SIMSimages using a peak picking routine tailored for ToF-SIMS are evaluated. Newuser friendly GUIs capable of processing and visualising very large image stacks areintroduced as part of a tool-kit designed to streamline the process of multivariateanalysis and image processing. Along with this two well known classification routines,namely AdaBoost and SVMs, are also applied to ToF-SIMS data of severalbacterial strains to test their ability to classify SIMS data accurately. This thesispresent several new approaches to data processing and interpretation of ToF-SIMSdata.
Cost of ensuring safety in distributed database management systems (2003)

Generally, applications employing database management systems (DBMS) require that the integrity of the data stored in the database be preserved during normal operation as well as after crash recovery. Preserving database integrity and availability needs extra safety measures in the form of consistency checks. Increased safety measures inflict adverse effect on performance by reducing throughput and increasing response time. This may not be agreeable for some critical applications and thus, a tradeoff is needed. This study evaluates the cost of extra consistency checks introduced in the data buffer cache in order to preserve the database integrity, in terms of performance loss. In addition, it evaluates the improvement in error coverage and fault tolerance, and occurrence of double failures causing long unavailability, with the help of fault injection. The evaluation is performed on a replicated DBMS, ClustRa. The results show that the checksum overhead in a DBMS inflicted with a very high TPC-B-like workload caused a reduction in throughput up to 5%. The error detection coverage improved from 62% to 92%. Fault injection experiments shows that corruption in database image went down from 13% to 0%. This indicates that the applications that require high safety, but can afford up to 5% performance loss can adopt checksum mechanisms.
MHD and Plasma Control in ITER (2011)

Controlling the plasma in ITER to achieve its primary mission goals requires a complex and sophisticated plasma control system (PCS) that will be based initially on those of existing tokamaks, with some significant differences. An overview of the physical phenomena on which the ITER PCS will be based is presented with particular emphasis on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities. The ITER PCS is logically structured into five parts that work closely together: (a) wall conditioning and tritium removal; (b) plasma axisymmetric magnetic control, including plasma initiation, inductive plasma current, position, and shape control; (c) plasma kinetic control, including fueling, power and particle flux to the first wall and divertor, noninductive plasma current, plasma pressure, and fusion burn control; (d) nonaxisymmetric control, which includes sawteeth, neoclassical tearing modes, edge localized modes, error fields and resistive wall modes, and Alfven eigenmodes; and (e) event handling, including changing the control algorithm or scenario when a plant system fault or a plasma-related event occurs that could affect plasma operation, which includes disruption mitigation. At high plasma performance, the control of MHD instabilities will become particularly important in ITER to maintain the fusion burn and to avoid potential damage to the first wall.
Improved FET characteristics by laminate design optimization of metal gates - Guidelines for optimizing metal gate stack structure - (2008)

A laminate design technology of metal gates is proposed to improve FET characteristics regardless of EOT and gate dielectric material. The laminated metal gate structures are basically composed of low-R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> (sheet resistance) metal/ WF(work-function)-lowering layer/ WFM(WF determining metal). A thin WFM (~2 nm) laminated by the Si-based WF-lowering layer such as poly-Si or TaSiN brings an additional benefit of dramatic improvements in mobility and PBTI in nFETs. A thick WFM (~10 nm) suppresses the WF-lowering in pFETs. The concept of the laminate design is indispensable for improving the performance in CMOSFETs.
ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF BERBERINE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO (2005)

Berberine, an isoquinoline plant alkaloid acted cytotoxically in vitro on tumour cell lines B16. Its anticancer activity in vivo was studied with the transplanted B16 line in the range of doses from 1 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg. The significant reduction of tumor volume was observed on day 16 at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. The dose of 1 mg/kg stimulated the tumor mass, but other tested concentration, 5 and 10 mg/kg, reduced the tumor weight.