gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Malignant thymic neoplasms that may mimic benign conditions. (1995)

The thymus is a complex, highly specialized organ that is derived from the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches and contains elements that originate from all three germinal layers. As such, it shows certain specific and distinctive reaction patterns to injury that are frequently encountered in a variety of reactive and inflammatory conditions. These reaction patterns, however, can also often be associated with neoplastic diseases arising from this organ, and in some instances, their presence may contribute to obscure the malignant nature of the underlying process. We present a review of the main tumor entities that may be mistaken for benign conditions of the thymus, with emphasis on the three major reaction patterns to injury that may be associated with malignant neoplasms of this organ: prominent cystic changes, stromal fibrosis, and reactive and hyperplastic changes of thymic epithelium. Histologic clues helpful for diagnosis and the differential diagnosis of these lesions are discussed.
An efficient heuristic method for active feature acquisition and its application to protein-protein interaction prediction (2012)

The results show that our heuristic method for AFA creates an optimal training set with far less features acquired as compared to random acquisition. This shows the value of active feature acquisition to aid in protein-protein interaction prediction where feature acquisition is costly. Compared to previous methods, the proposed method reduces computational cost while also achieving a better F-score. The proposed method is valuable as it presents a direction to AFA with a far lesser computational expense by removing the need for the first time, of training a classifier for every combination of instance, feature and feature-value tuples which would be impractical for several domains.
The Instance of Soft Calender and Hard Nip Calender with Induction Heated Heat-pipe Calender Roll (2001)

Presently, the most of paper and paperboard are requesting the good smoothness with a bulk, good gloss, and good printability in the world. In the manufacturing of paper and paperboard, the calendering process is very much important for the quality of them, because it is just finishing process. In the calendering of paper and paperboard, there are many methods of calender as follows. 1) Machine calender of 4 to 6 rolls. 2) Hard Nip calender: 2 rolls between Top roll and Bottom roll. 3) Soft calender. 4) Supercal ender of 12 to 16 rolls. 5) Gloss calender. If install the High temperature heated roll on the calender equipment, it can be made the deduction of the nip pressure, also can be made reduction of numbers of calender rolls. Therefore, recent technology of calender equipment is making the installation of the High temperature heated roll for paper and paperboard. Presently, the many paper and paperboard mills are applying the Soft calender with the High temperature heated calender roll and the Hard Nip calender with the High temperature heated calender roll. The both calender systems with the High temperature heated roll are very much simple constructions, just single nip pressure, and can be made the good quality of paper and paperboard. In these calender equipments, should be installed the Induction heated heat-pipe calender roll, because can be heated up from ambient temperature to max. 3 0 0 1 with an accurate temperature profile on the roll surface under the calendering and high speeds.
Efficient optical pulse compression using chalcogenide single-mode fibers (2006)

We demonstrate compression of low-power 6ps pulses to 420fs around 1550nm in a compact all-fiber scheme utilizing the strong nonlinearity and positive-normal dispersion of a single-mode As2Se3 fiber, in combination with a tailored chirped fiber Bragg grating. The value and sign of the dispersion, coupled with the high nonlinearity of the chalcogenide, produces a smoothly broadened spectrum with a monotonic chirp via self phase modulation. Measurements of the phase and time evolution of the laser pulses using frequency resolved optical gating are performed showing excellent agreement with theory. We also discuss the limiting influence of two-photon absorption.
Wishbone Bus Architecture - A Survey and Comparison (2012)

Architecture by Silicore Corporation appears to be gaining an upper edge over the other three bus architecture types because of its special performance parameters like the use of flexible arbitration scheme and additional data transfer cycle (Read-Modify-Write cycle). Moreover, its IP Cores are available free for use requiring neither any registration nor any agreement or license.
The Synthesis of Damascenone and β‐Damascone and the possible mechanism of their formation from carotenoids (1973)

Abstract A brief synthesis of damascenone ( 5 ) from the acetylenic diol 2 and also that of β‐damascone ( 8 ) from β‐ionol, resembling the biogenetic synthesis, are described. A possible mechanism for the formation of damascenone from neoxanthin is proposed.
Electrochemical Behavior of Substituted Oxadiazoles (1971)

An electrode reduction mechanism is reported for two aromatic‐2,5‐substituted oxadiazoles in DMF solvent as part of a continuing study of the electrochemistry of five‐membered nitrogen oxygen heterocyclics. Polarography, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and uv spectroscopy were techniques employed in the study. The effects of a proton donor on the stability of reduction intermediates is discussed.
Bayesian protein family classifier. (1998)

A Bayesian procedure for the simultaneous alignment and classification of sequences into subclasses is described. This Gibbs sampling algorithm iterates between an alignment step and a classification step. It employs Bayesian inference for the identification of the number of conserved columns, the number of motifs in each class, their size, and the size of the classes. Using Bayesian prediction, inter-class differences in all these variables are brought to bare on the classification. Application to a superfamily of cyclic nucleotide-binding proteins identifies both similarities and differences in the sequence characteristics of the five subclasses identified by the procedure: 1) cNMP-dependent kinases, 2) prokaryotic cAMP-dependent regulatory proteins, CRP-type, 3) prokaryotic regulatory proteins, FNR-type, 4) cAMP gated ion channel proteins of animals, and 5) cAMP gated ion channels of plants.
PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS AND QUESTIONNAIRES AS DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS IN CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN (2001)

The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of common questionnaires and measures of physical performance in low back pain (LBP) syndrome. One hundred and fourteen patients with LBP classified according to the Quebec Task Force were compared with 50 patients with different pain syndromes but without apparent LBP. The discriminating value of each variable was estimated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. The diagnostic value of the Million and Oswestry disability questionnaires was evident, with the area under the ROC curve varying between 0.73 and 0.88. The isometric trunk extension-flexion strength test with concomitant reaction-time test could not distinguish between patients (area under ROC curve 0.50-0.68). Sensitivity of pain drawing was excellent but specificity was low: 47% for men and 39% for women. In conclusion, disability questionnaires have discriminating power. The trunk muscle strength test does not perform well as a diagnostic tool. The area under the ROC curve and the use of other patients as controls make it easier to assess the diagnostic specificity of a particular method.
Tribological properties of graphene nanosheets as an additive in calcium grease (2016)

The addition of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) in lubricating grease could significantly reduce the interfacial friction and improve the load-bearing capacity of the parts. Therefore, it has been considered as having great potential as lubricant additives. In this study, we synthesized GNSs that are prepared by a modified Hummer method, and investigated the effect of GNS with different concentration (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4 wt%) on the tribological properties of the calcium grease. The friction and wear experiments were performed using a four-ball tribometer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to examine the GNS and the friction mechanisms. Results indicate that the friction reduction ability and anti-wear property of the base grease can be improved with the addition of GNS. It was also found that the friction reduction decreases by 61%, and the wear scar diameter (WSD) decreases by 45%, and the extreme-pressure (EP) properties increased 60% at 3 wt% GNS. It is clear that the GNS in grease easily forms protective deposited films to prevent the rubbing surfaces from coming into direct contact, thereby improving the entire tribological behavior of the grease.
The people sensor: a mobility aid for the visually impaired (2002)

Electronic Travel Aids, which transform visual environmental cues into another sensory modality, have been proven to help visually impaired people travel with a greater degree of psychological comfort and independence. The People Sensor is an Electronic Travel Aid designed to address two issues of importance to visually impaired people: inadvertent cane contact with other pedestrians and objects, and speaking to a person who is no longer within hearing range. The device uses pyroelectric and ultrasound sensors to locate and differentiate between animate (human) and inanimate (non-human) obstructions in the detection path. The distance between the user and the obstruction along with the nature of the obstruction (human or non-human) is transmitted via modulated vibrotactile feedback. Armed with advance knowledge of the presence and location of objects and people in the environment, users of The People Sensor can travel with increased independence, safety and confidence.
Mini-threads: increasing TLP on small-scale SMT processors (2003)

Several manufacturers have recently announced the first simultaneous-multithreaded processors, both as single CPU and as components of multi-CPU chips. All are small scale, comprising only two to four thread contexts. A significant impediment to the construction of larger-scale SMT is the register file size required by a large number of contexts. This paper introduces and evaluates mini-threads, a simple extension to SMT that increases thread-level parallelism without the commensurate increase in register file size. A mini-threaded SMT CPU adds additional per-thread state to each hardware context; an application executing in a context can create mini-threads that will utilize its own per-thread state, but share the context's architectural register set. The resulting performance will depend on the benefits of additional TLP compared to the costs of executing mini-threads with fewer registers. Our results quantify these factors in detail and demonstrate that mini-threads can improve performance significantly, particularly on small-scale, space-sensitive CPU designs.
Reliability Comparison of Two Metallurgies for Ceramic Ball Grid Array (2005)

Surface-mountable ceramic ball grid array (CBGA) packages have proven to be attractive in a variety of applications as designers seek to maximize electrical performance, reduce card real estate, and improve manufacturing process yields. In support of the PowerPC/sup TM/ family of microprocessors, 21mm CBGA packages (256 leads) were used to evaluate two different ball metalturgies--90/10 Pb/Sn and 62/36/2 Sn/Pb/Ag. Test modules were assembled to printed circuit cards and cycled at 0 to 100/spl deg/C and -40 to 125/spl deg/C. Ball attach techniques and module-to-card assembly processes are described, including screening, placement, and reflow. Failure mechanisms and reliability are discussed for both metallurgies.
Phantom-DRAWN (2005)

This paper describes the design of a novel force perception method and the development of a handheld force display based on the method. The method is based on the nonlinear characteristics of human tactile perception; humans feel rapid acceleration more strongly than slow acceleration. The method uses periodic prismatic motion to create asymmetric acceleration leading to a virtual force vector. A prototype of the handheld force display that generates one-directional force using a relatively simple mechanism was built, and its performance tested in terms of both physical and perceptual characteristics. We verify the feasibility of the proposed method through experiments that determine the display's motor's rotational frequency that maximizes the perception of the virtual force vector.
Introduction (1992)

In the last few years students of literature who wish to be better acquainted with the shift towards theory in recent literary criticism have been well catered for by the publication of numerous Readers which have made readily available texts by the major modern literary theorists.1 In addition several general introductions to critical theory have been published.2 But anyone who takes part in a theory course with students will know that one is constantly being asked to direct them to where they can find theory being applied to practice. One reason for this may be that the power of empiricism in the English-speaking world creates a distrust of theory divorced from the question of its application. But a more basic reason is that much literary theory operates at such a high level of abstraction that students find it difficult to grasp. This book is a response to that situation.
Dynamic Projection Mapping onto Deforming Non-Rigid Surface Using Deformable Dot Cluster Marker (2016)

Dynamic projection mapping for moving objects has attracted much attention in recent years. However, conventional approaches have faced some issues, such as the target objects being limited to rigid objects, and the limited moving speed of the targets. In this paper, we focus on dynamic projection mapping onto rapidly deforming non-rigid surfaces with a speed sufficiently high that a human does not perceive any misalignment between the target object and the projected images. In order to achieve such projection mapping, we need a high-speed technique for tracking non-rigid surfaces, which is still a challenging problem in the field of computer vision. We propose the Deformable Dot Cluster Marker (DDCM), a novel fiducial marker for high-speed tracking of non-rigid surfaces using a high-frame-rate camera. The DDCM has three performance advantages. First, it can be detected even when it is strongly deformed. Second, it realizes robust tracking even in the presence of external and self occlusions. Third, it allows millisecond-order computational speed. Using DDCM and a high-speed projector, we realized dynamic projection mapping onto a deformed sheet of paper and a T-shirt with a speed sufficiently high that the projected images appeared to be printed on the objects.
A femtosecond pulse-shaping apparatus containing microlens arrays for use with pixellated spatial light modulators (1996)

We discuss a modified femtosecond pulse shaper that uses microlens arrays to convert the continuous band of frequencies normally obtained at the mask plane of a pulse shaper to a series of discrete spots. Two possible modified pulse-shaping geometries are described and the optimum geometry is chosen. Our experiments demonstrate that this modification can improve pulse-shaping quality when modulator arrays with large interpixel gaps are used for Fourier-plane filtering.
Incremental nonlinear dimensionality reduction by manifold learning (2006)

Understanding the structure of multidimensional patterns, especially in unsupervised cases, is of fundamental importance in data mining, pattern recognition, and machine learning. Several algorithms have been proposed to analyze the structure of high-dimensional data based on the notion of manifold learning. These algorithms have been used to extract the intrinsic characteristics of different types of high-dimensional data by performing nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Most of these algorithms operate in a "batch" mode and cannot be efficiently applied when data are collected sequentially. In this paper, we describe an incremental version of ISOMAP, one of the key manifold learning algorithms. Our experiments on synthetic data as well as real world images demonstrate that our modified algorithm can maintain an accurate low-dimensional representation of the data in an efficient manner.
Evaluation of Blood Flow in Free Microvascular Flaps (2001)

Free flap surgery is routine today, yet little is known of its pathophysiology. In this study, the authors evaluated the hemodynamics in different types of free microvascular flaps, by measuring intraoperative transit-time flow. Eighty-six free transplants--21 free TRAM flaps for breast reconstruction, 18 radial forearm flaps for head and neck reconstructions, and 47 muscle flaps for head and neck, trunk and lower extremity reconstructions--were studied. Donor artery flow was highest in the radial artery (mean: 57.5 +/- 50 (SD) ml/min) but dropped (p < 0.001) to one tenth (6.1 +/- 2 ml/min) after anastomosis. The flow was lowest (4.9 +/- 3 ml/min) in the recipient artery of the TRAM flap but, after anastomosis, increased significantly (13.7 +/- 5 ml/min) to the level of the flow in the donor artery. The donor-artery flow in muscle flaps had a mean of 15.9 +/- 11 ml/min, and it significantly increased after anastomosing (23.9 +/- 12 ml/min). Weight-related intake of blood was highest in the radial forearm flap (18.5 +/- 6 ml/ min/100g) and lowest in the TRAM flap (2.5 +/- 1 ml/min/100g). The study showed that blood flow through a free microvascular flap does not depend on recipient artery flow. Even low-flow arteries can be used as recipients, because the flow increases according to free-flap requirements. The blood flow through a free microvascular flap depends on the specific tissue components of the flap.
Resveratrol activation of SIRT1/MFN2 can improve mitochondria function, alleviating doxorubicin‐induced myocardial injury (2023)

Doxorubicin toxicity leads to abnormal mitochondrial morphology and dysfunction in cardiomyocytes and induces apoptosis by interfering with mitochondrial fusion. Resveratrol ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by activating SIRT1/MFN2 to improve mitochondria function.
Neurons are the Primary Target Cell for the Brain-Tropic Intracellular Parasite Toxoplasma gondii (2016)

Toxoplasma gondii, a common brain-tropic parasite, is capable of infecting most nucleated cells, including astrocytes and neurons, in vitro. Yet, in vivo, Toxoplasma is primarily found in neurons. In vitro data showing that interferon-γ-stimulated astrocytes, but not neurons, clear intracellular parasites suggest that neurons alone are persistently infected in vivo because they lack the ability to clear intracellular parasites. Here we test this theory by using a novel Toxoplasma-mouse model capable of marking and tracking host cells that directly interact with parasites, even if the interaction is transient. Remarkably, we find that Toxoplasma shows a strong predilection for interacting with neurons throughout CNS infection. This predilection remains in the setting of IFN-γ depletion; infection with parasites resistant to the major mechanism by which murine astrocytes clear parasites; or when directly injecting parasites into the brain. These findings, in combination with prior work, strongly suggest that neurons are not incidentally infected, but rather they are Toxoplasma's primary in vivo target.
α <sub>2</sub> -Adrenoceptor-Mediated Hyperpolarization of Locus Coeruleus Neurons: Intracellular Studies in Vivo (1982)

Intracellular recordings in vivo from noradrenergic neurons in the rat locus coeruleus showed that membrane potential was hyperpolarized by the administration of clonidine (an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist) or after a burst of spikes evoked by intracellular pulses; both types of hyperpolarization were associated with a decrease in membrane input resistance, and both could be blocked by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist piperoxane. These results suggest that a hyperpolarization of membrane potential mediated by an alpha 2-adrenoceptor underlies both clonidine- and activation-induced inhibition of locus coeruleus cell firing.
Efficiency optimization of an automotive multi-phase bi-directional DC-DC converter (2009)

The paper proposes methods to improve the efficiency of a bi-directional, multi-phase buck+boost DC-DC converter for application in Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV) or Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV). Thereto, the modulation strategy for a highly-compact, 30 kW/Liter, constant-frequency soft-switching converter is optimized based on a converter loss model that includes the losses in the power semiconductors and the buck+boost inductor. An algorithm for numerical calculation of the optimum switching times is given, whereas the values for the loss-optimized operation of the converter are stored in a lookup-table that is accessed by the digital controller. In addition, a novel method and control concept to ensure a Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) of all semiconductor switches by determination of a zero voltage across the MOSFET switches with analog comparators is proposed that results in the lowest inductor RMS currents for ZVS operation at the same time. Furthermore, at low output power an absolute efficiency gain of over 2.8% is achieved by partial operation of the six interleaved converter phases. A detailed description on the control concept that determines the optimum number of activated phases for the current operating point of the converter is given and verified by experimental results. The measurements prove the capability to instantaneously switch the number of active phases during operation without a overshoot or drop in the converter output voltage.
Influence of Temperature on Evolution of Coaxial ZnO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>One-Dimensional Heterostructures:  From Core−Shell Nanowires to Spinel Nanotubes and Porous Nanowires (2008)

In this paper, we present the influence of temperature on the Kirkendall effect-related evolution of coaxial ZnO/Al2O3 one-dimensional heterostructures based on a solid-state reaction. Controllable fabrication of spinel ZnAl2O4-based nanotubes and porous nanowires can step-by-step be achieved from ZnO/Al2O3 core−shell nanowires with a change in the reaction temperature. In particular, we demonstrate that the formation of completely hollow nanotubes in this system is not strictly limited to a fixed stoichiometry of ZnO/Al2O3 required for the spinel-forming reaction when an annealing temperature of 800 °C is employed. Combined with atomic layer deposition, the wall thickness of the formed nanotubes can be further precisely tailored and defined. Our finding provides an effective route to fabricate spinel nanotubes as well as nanotube arrays on a large scale.