gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Iron, Its Metabolism and Ferroptosis in Traumatic Brain Injury (2020)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a structural and physiological disruption of brain function caused by external forces. It is a major cause of death and disability for patients worldwide. TBI includes both primary and secondary impairments. Iron overload and ferroptosis highly involved in the pathophysiological process of secondary brain injury. Ferroptosis is a form of regulatory cell death, as increased iron accumulation in the brain leads to lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammatory responses, resulting in cellular and neuronal damage. For this reason, eliminating factors like iron deposition and inhibiting lipid peroxidation may be a promising therapy. Iron chelators can be used to eliminate excess iron and to alleviate some of the clinical manifestations of TBI. In this review we will focus on the mechanisms of iron and ferroptosis involving the manifestations of TBI, broaden our understanding of the use of iron chelators for TBI. Through this review, we were able to better find novel clinical therapeutic directions for further TBI study.
CSI - Controlled Auto Ignition - the Best Solution for the Fuel Consumption - Versus Emission Trade-Off? (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In recent years several new gasoline engine technologies were introduced in order to reduce fuel consumption. Controlled autoignition seems to be an alternative to stratified part load operation, which is handicapped due to it's lean aftertreatment system for world wide application.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The principal advantages of controlled auto ignition combustion under steady state operation - combining fuel economy benefits similar to stratified charge systems with nearly negligible NOx and soot emissions - are already well known.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">With the newly developed AVL- CSI system (<u>C</u>ompression and <u>S</u>park <u>I</u>gnition), a precise combustion control is achieved even under transient operation. For compensation of production and operation tolerances a cost optimized cylinder individual control was developed. Completely new functionalities of the engine management system are applied. This lean GDI concept complies with future emission standards without DeNOx catalyst and can be applied worldwide.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper covers the practical application of the AVL CSI combustion system including the required valve actuation variability and the demanded control system for the real world operation in a passenger car vehicle.</div>
Aerodynamically and Structurally Coupled Vibration of Multiple Co-Rotating Disks (2004)

This paper studies vibration of multiple, co-rotating, identical disks coupled by air flow and structural flexibility. In particular, the study focuses on coupled vibration of disk modes with two or more nodal diameters. First, frequency response functions of multiple co-rotating disks are measured in air and in vacuum to study the effects of aerodynamic coupling. In vacuum, vibration modes from each rotating disk are aerodynamically uncoupled; therefore, corresponding travelling waves from each disk have the same natural frequency. When the air is present, the air couples the corresponding travelling waves and rearranges them into a group of N traveling waves with distinct frequencies, where N is the number of the disks. A perturbation analysis is developed to prove the phenomenon of frequency splitting. Aside from the air coupling, finite element analyses and experimental measurements indicate that the flexibility of the clamp and spacers between the disks can also couple the disk vibration in the same manner. Moreover, the aerodynamic coupling is more significant for disk modes with high number of nodal diameters (e.g., 4-nodal-diameter modes). In contrast, structural coupling through spacer flexibility is more pronounced for disk modes with low number of nodal diameters (e.g., 2-nodal-diameter modes). Also, parametric studies using FEA indicate that frequency splitting from structural coupling will remain significant over a wide parameter range.
Chemically Caged Nucleic Acids (2016)

Chemically caged nucleic acids, which comprise a nucleic acid moiety and a synthetic molecular moiety (or “responsive unit”) that may be removed by an appropriate chemical stimulus, are valuable for the development of nucleic acid-based therapeutic strategies like prodrugs and medicine delivery systems. Light is one such stimulus, and excellent examples of photocaged nucleic acids have been developed. However, external light sources must be used for this methodology, and this presents problems concerning light penetration and off-target cytotoxicity. In contrast, chemically caged nucleic acids, which respond to chemical stimuli and autonomously modulate their functions without the need for external stimuli, present an alternative strategy for bioapplications. Herein, recent examples of chemically caged nucleic acids are presented, and the current limitations and future challenges encountered in this field are discussed.
Optimizing Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy of Musculoskeletal Masses by Application of an Ultrasound Contrast Agent (2010)

This pilot study with a limited series of patients improved the diagnostic yield of ultrasound-guided biopsy to 100%, which is at least rather promising. Our easy-to-use algorithm should reduce the rate of inconclusive histology results mainly caused by sampling errors to an unrivaled minimum.
A 1.2 V, 433 MHz, 10 dBm, 38% global efficiency FSK transmitter integrated in a standard digital CMOS process (2002)

This paper describes the design of an FSK transmitter for the 433 MHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) band, which is realized in a standard digital 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. It includes the PA itself, an upconverter, and the circuit generating the baseband quadrature signals with a continuous phase modulation. The overall measured efficiency of the packaged circuit is higher than 38% for a 1.2 V supply and an output power reaching 10 dBm at 433 MHz.
Sight and insight (2009)

Health applications are not the only ideas being investigated for smart contact lenses. Over the past year, technology enthusiasts on the internet have been excitedly blogging about the research of Babak Parviz and colleagues at the University of Washington. These researchers have demonstrated a contact lens that includes an electronic circuit and red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that are just one-third of a millimetre across. The components are constructed away from the delicate organic materials used for contact lenses and then reconstructed on the lens using self-assembly.
The Salmonella effector AvrA mediates bacterial intracellular survival during infection in vivo (2011)

The enteric pathogen Salmonella typhimurium secretes the preformed AvrA effector protein into host cells. This acetyltransferase has been shown to modulate mammalian intestinal immune and survival responses by inhibition of JNK MAPK. To study the role of this effector in natural enteric infection, we used a mouse model to compare wild-type S. typhimurium to an isogenic AvrA null Salmonella mutant. Salmonella lacking AvrA induced increased intestinal inflammation, more intense systemic cytokine responses, and increased apoptosis in epithelial cells. Increased apoptosis was also observed in extra epithelial macrophages. AvrA null-infected mice consistently showed higher bacterial burden within mucosal lymphoid tissues, spleen and liver by 5 days post infection, which indicated a more severe clinical course. To study the molecular mechanisms involved, recombinant adenoviruses expressing AvrA or mutant AvrA proteins were constructed, which showed appropriate expression and mediated the expected inhibition of JNK signalling. Cultured epithelial cells and macrophages transduced with AvrA expressing adenovirus were protected from apoptosis induced by exogenous stimuli. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that Salmonella AvrA modulates survival of infected macrophages likely via JNK suppression, and prevents macrophage death and rapid bacterial dissemination. AvrA suppression of apoptosis in infected macrophages may allow for establishment of a stable intracellular niche typical of intracellular pathogens.
Effective Medium Model for Ultrasonic Attenuation Due to the Thermo-Elastic Effect in Concentrated Emulsions (1997)

In this article, we deal with the propagation of ultrasonic waves in monodisperse concentrated oil–in–water emulsions. Using the approximation of Isakovich, we propose two different models, a mirror model and a core–shell model, aiming to describe the temperature field in the dense medium and to supply a correct expression of the ultrasonic wave vector. The comparison between experimental data and theoretical models shows that the core–shell model leads to a very accurate description of the ultrasonic attenuation, in a wide range of frequencies and concentrations, in the case where the thermo–elastic effect, due to the scattering of thermal waves by the particles, is the dominant loss mechanism.
Determination of the Kinetic Parameters of Mixed‐Conducting Electrodes and Application to the System Li3Sb (1977)

An electrochemical galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) is described which combines both transient and steady‐state measurements to obtain kinetic properties of solid mixed‐conducting electrodes, as well as thermodynamic data. The derivation of quantities such as the chemical and component diffusion coefficients, the partial conductivity, the mobility, the thermodynamic enhancement factor, and the parabolic rate constant as a function of stoichiometry is presented. A description of the factors governing the equilibration of composition gradients in such phases is included. The technique is applied to the determination of the kinetic parameters of the compound which has a narrow composition range. For the chemical diffusion coefficient is at 360°C. This value is quite high, due to a large thermodynamic enhancement factor of . The lithium component diffusion coefficient is comparatively small at this composition, . The partial conductivity and electrical mobility of lithium are and , respectively, at the same stoichiometry and temperature. Because of the very large values of the chemical diffusion coefficient and the fact that 3 moles of lithium can react per mole of antimony, this system may be of interest for use in new types of secondary batteries.
Common and Distant Structural Characteristics of Feruloyl Esterase Families from Aspergillus oryzae (2012)

Our findings on the structure-function relationships and substrate specificity of the FAEs of A. oryzae will be instrumental for further understanding of the FAE families in the novel classification system. The developed pharmacophore models could be applied for virtual screening of compound databases for short listing the putative substrates prior to docking studies or for post-processing docking results to remove false positives. Our study exemplifies how computational predictions can complement to the information obtained through experimental methods.
Autoantibodies to thyroglobulin are encoded by diverse V-gene segments and recognize restricted epitopes. (1990)

Murine experimental autoimmune thyroiditis has been used as a model for human autoimmune thyroiditis. Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis is induced in mice by immunization with mouse thyroglobulin (Tg) in CFA. To characterize the antibodies to this autoantigen, we have studied the binding specificities and determined the nucleotide sequences of monoclonal anti-Tg antibodies. The specificities of the mAb for determinants on Tg varied extensively. Seven of 16 mAb showed reactivity to only mTg, 4 reacted to Tg from more than one species and four reacted to a variety of Ag. Many of the mAb were competitively inhibited by thyroid hormones, suggesting that they recognize the hormonogenic sites on the Tg molecule. The mAb could be divided into at least seven reactivity patterns based on reciprocal competitive inhibition studies, indicating that mTg contains at least seven antigenic regions. DNA sequence analysis of the mAb showed that a large number of V region gene segments encoded the H and L chains. No evidence for preferential use of any V region family or gene segment was found. Gene segments from the VH 7183, Q52, J558, and VH10 families were used by heavy chains, and the V kappa 1, 4, 8, 9, 19, and 21 families were used by kappa-chains. The results indicate that the antigenic epitopes on mTg elicit a very diverse autoantibody response that is derived from a large number of V region gene segments. Many of these autoantibodies show specific reactivity with mTg indicating they recognize species specific epitopes. The results suggest that clonal deletion of autoreactive Ab to certain self-epitopes may not occur.
Frequency-stabilized diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser at 946 nm with harmonics at 473 and 237 nm (1994)

The Nd:YAG 4F3/2−4I9/2 laser transition is investigated by use of diode pumping. A tuning range of λ = 945.46(2)−946.27(2) nm was achieved. A resonator was used with two foci for the laser crystal and the frequency-doubling crystal. The setup resulted in a single-mode output power of 100 mW at 473 nm. The laser radiation was also frequency quadrupled to the UV by use of an external enhancement cavity. The laser frequency was locked to an external cavity, resulting in a laser linewidth of 460 Hz. The use of the laser to excite the 5s2 1S0−5s5p3P0 line of a single stored In+ ion as the basis of a frequency standard is discussed.
On the Choice of Segments in Piecewise Approximation (1972)

An optimal choice of segment boundaries in piecewise approximation is shown to be soluble by means of a dynamic programme in a scalar state variable. It is shown that the composite error function is continuous in modulus, and that for approximation of concave or convex functions by linear segments, the composite approximation is continuous. Provided the residual term satisfies certain requirements, the solution has uniqueness properties and can be found by means of a grid search method.
Myocardial matrix metalloproteinase activity and abundance with congestive heart failure (1998)

The left ventricular (LV) myocardial collagen matrix has been proposed to participate in the maintenance of LV geometry. Thus alterations in the composition of the LV myocardial collagen matrix may influence LV function. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes that contribute to extracellular remodeling in several disease states. However, the types of MMPs expressed in the normal and congestive heart failure (CHF) state and the relation to MMP activity remained unclear. Accordingly, after 3 wk of pacing (240 beats/min), changes in LV function, substrate-specific MMP activity, and MMP subclass abundance were measured in comparison with control pigs (n = 6). Changes in LV function and geometry were measured by echocardiography; LV end-diastolic dimension increased (3.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 6.0 +/- 0.1 cm, P < 0.05) and LV fractional shortening decreased (47 +/- 1 vs. 15 +/- 1%, P < 0.05) compared with controls. Degradation of fibrillar collagen is achieved through the combined action of interstitial collagenase (MMP-1), gelatinase A (MMP-2), and stromelysin (MMP-3) (He, C., S. Wilheilm, A. Pentland, B. Marmer, G. Grant, A. Eisen, and G. Goldberg. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2632-2636, 1989; Woessner, J. FASEB J. 5: 2145-2154, 1991). Accordingly, the relative abundance of specific MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3) was examined by immunoblotting. With pacing CHF, the relative abundance for MMP-1 increased to 319 +/- 94%, MMP-2 increased to 194 +/- 31%, and MMP-3 increased to 493 +/- 159% (all P < 0.05). With pacing CHF, LV myocardial zymographic activity for the substrate gelatin increased by 119% (P < 0.05) and for the substrate collagen III by 153% (P < 0.05) over controls. Caseinolytic activity also increased with pacing CHF by 139% (P < 0.05) over controls. In conclusion, LV myocardial MMP activity and abundance increased with pacing-induced CHF. These findings demonstrate that pacing-induced CHF leads to changes in myocardial MMP activity and expression that may be responsible for LV remodeling in CHF.
Treatment of Prostate Cancer in Obese Patients: Review 1 (2006)

Obesity is a complex, chronic disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Obesity is now linked with numerous health conditions, including many oncologic diagnoses. Its association with prostate cancer, the most prevalent cancer in men, has also been investigated, with studies suggesting a direct relationship between increasing obesity and prostate cancer mortality. Outcomes data for specific interventions in obese patients with prostate cancer have only recently begun to emerge. Surgery, while feasible even in the very obese, may result in less than optimal cancer control rates. Brachytherapy data are emerging, and are promising. No outcomes data are available for the use of external-beam radiation in obese patients. Long-term data for external-beam radiation, as well as for surgery and brachytherapy, are required to determine the most appropriate treatment for obese patients with prostate cancer. These data, coupled with a more thorough understanding of the biochemical relationship between obesity and prostate cancer, will be necessary to make optimal management decisions for obese patients with prostate cancer in the future.
REVIEWS (1971)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access L'évangile selon Paul Tillich. By LOUIS RACINE. Pp. 175. (Théologie sans frontiéres.) Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 1970. F. 16. J. HEYWOOD THOMAS J. HEYWOOD THOMAS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume XXII, Issue 2, October 1971, Pages 675–676, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/XXII.2.675 Published: 01 October 1971
γ-Radiation-Induced Interactions between Amino Acids and Glucagon (1984)

The interaction of glucagon and phenylalanine mediated by the OH . radical causes formation of higher molecular weight products of glucagon and phenylalanine, loss of amino acid residues in glucagon, and formation of adducts of glucagon and phenylalanine. The relative yields of these products depend upon the molar ratio of phenylalanine to glucagon in solution. At low ratios, glucagon aggregation and loss of amino acid residues predominate; at high ratios, the formation of phenylalanine dimers (and possible trimers and tetramers) predominates. The formation of adducts reaches a maximum at a phenylalanine:glucagon molar ratio of 3-4, and then decreases gradually, as the molar ratio increases, but is still discernible even at high molar ratios. Mechanisms for the formation of adducts are suggested. The influence of the primary aqueous radical intermediates, OH., H., and e-aq, on adduct formation has been evaluated for several different amino acids by irradiating in the presence of specific radical scavengers. For the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine), OH. is considerably more effective than e-aq for mediating adduct formation, whereas for histidine and methionine, these primary radicals are equally effective.
Synthesis, Anticancer Activities, and Cellular Uptake Studies of Lipophilic Derivatives of Doxorubicin Succinate (2012)

A number of lipophilic 14-substituted derivatives of doxorubicin were synthesized through conjugation of doxorubicin-14-hemisuccinate with different fatty amines or tetradecanol to enhance the lipophilicity, cellular uptake, and cellular retention for sustained anticancer activity. The conjugates inhibited the cell proliferation of human leukemia (CCRF-CEM, 69-76%), colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29, 60-77%), and breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-361, 66-71%) cells at a concentration of 1 μM after 96-120 h of incubation. The N-tetradecylamido derivative of doxorubicin 14-succinate (10) exhibited consistently comparable antiproliferative activity to doxorubicin in a time-dependent manner (IC(50) = 77 nM in CCRF-CEM cells). Flow cytometry analysis showed a 3-fold more cellular uptake of 10 than doxorubicin in SK-OV-3 cells. Confocal microscopy revealed that the conjugate was distributed in cytoplasmic and perinuclear areas during the first 1 h of incubation and slowly relocalized in the nucleus after 24 h. The cellular hydrolysis study showed that 98% of compound 10 was hydrolyzed intracellularly within 48 h and released doxorubicin.
Cognitive effects of animated visualization in exploratory visual data analysis (2002)

The goal of this research is to study the role and effects of the use of animated information visualization in the early stages of exploratory data analysis tasks. Despite the existence of a large body of research on information visualization, there is little known regarding how and when one should use and how to interact with animated visualization to help explore data. By animated visualization, we mean a type of information visualization technique that produces autonomous motions of representations. This research explored the issue from two aspects: what cognitive effects animated information visualization has, and what interactions people have with animated visualization when exploring data. We conducted two user studies to investigate each aspect, and identified research challenges for designing an interactive animated information visualization environment that supports the early stages of exploratory data analysis. These findings help us further study how to extend the notions developed in spatial visualization to temporal visualization - e.g. what focus+context means when applied to the time dimension in animated visualization.
Current Concepts in Multi–Detector Row CT Evaluation of the Coronary Arteries: Principles, Techniques, and Anatomy (2003)

Cardiac imaging is becoming a practical application of mechanical computed tomography (CT) with the availability of four, eight, and 16 detector row scanners. The role of imaging is progressing from simple determination of the presence of arterial calcifications on nonenhanced scans to demonstration of vascular stenoses on coronary CT angiograms. Optimization of the imaging technique and knowledge of coronary artery anatomy are both important for the development of CT of the heart. Technical factors such as a slow heart rate, a short scanning time, subcentimeter spatial resolution, high temporal resolution, and reconstruction of multiple image data sets at various intervals in the cardiac cycle result in optimal visualization of the coronary arteries. Axial, thin-slab maximum intensity projection, and volume-rendered images are used to display the normal anatomy and anomalies of the coronary arteries. The challenges of CT angiography of the coronary arteries have been partially met and will likely be overcome with continued evolution of the technology.
Modeling stress effects on magnetic hysteresis and Barkhausen emission using a hysteretic-stochastic model (2002)

A magnetic model has been developed which provides a self-consistent description of the effects of stress on hysteresis loop and Barkhausen effect (BE) signals. The BE signal was calculated based on the hysteretic-stochastic process model of domain wall dynamics, which has been extended to include the magnetomechanical effect. For comparison, hysteresis loops and BE signals were measured in materials subjected to various tensile and compressive stresses within the elastic limit. The stress dependence of the modeled BE signals and hysteresis loop properties such as coercivity and remanence was found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.