gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Ulex europaeus I lectin and factor VIII-related antigen in vascular lesions. (1984)

Factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIR:Ag) has been widely used as a marker for endothelial cells. Recent studies have shown that Ulex europaeus agglutinin I lectin (UEAI) also binds specific endothelial cells. To determine the relative utility of the two endothelial cell markers, a group of vascular and nonvascular tumors were studied with both markers, using an immunoperoxidase method. Our results indicate that UEAI is a more sensitive marker for endothelial cells than FVIIIR:Ag, and that it should be used as an additional diagnostic marker for endothelial cell-derivated tumors.
Subtype Activation and Interaction of Protein Kinase C and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Controlling Receptor Expression in Cerebral Arteries and Microvessels After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2007)

The results show that specific subtypes of the MAPK and PKC pathways are activated in cerebral arteries after SAH and the PKC and raf inhibitors are able to prevent this activation.
The weather lab: an instruction-based assessment tool built from a knowledge-based system (1998)

© by the publisher The Weather Lab is a computer-based tool for assessing a student&apos;s knowledge and understanding of weather phenomena. The student is involved in generating weather forecasts or in manipulating weather components (e.g., temperature or pressure measures) affecting the final formulation of a forecast. The Weather Lab is conceived as an instruction-based assessment tool, implying that: Function: It is part of the instruction, and not a post-instruction testing device. It is aimed at informing instruction and triggering student reflections on her or his learning. Focus: It is focused on the student&apos;s knowledge at different levels of ability (e.g., knowledge of facts, understanding of relationships, manipulation of weather variables, forecasting.) Targets for the assessment information: The collected information is used for generating feedback loops within the system, between the system and the
Infrared zoom lenses in the 1980s and beyond (1992)

Infrared zoom lens systems have benefited from advances in the state ofthe art during the past decade. These advances have included extending the zoom range, improvements in performance, reduction of size and weight, and minimizing complexity. The application of these developments to infrared zoom lens design is presented. The zoom lens systems of several companies active in the field are reviewed, with some reference to tolerancing techniques for production. Innovative reflective zoom systems are also considered. Promising future developments are discussed.
DATA BASE - 25 Years and Counting. (1994)

It is unclear from the results of this study whether TES has a therapeutic effect on TPM, edema or the upper-extremity motor score of the ISNCSCI. The results of this study provide useful data for future meta-analyses.
The role of nucleation in patterning microtubule networks (1998)

Control of microtubule nucleation is important for many microtubule dependent processes in cells. Traditionally, research has focused on nucleation of microtubules from centrosomes. However, it is clear that microtubules can nucleate from non-centrosome dependent sites. In this review we discuss the consequences of non-centrosome dependent microtubule nucleation for formation of microtubule patterns, concentrating on the assembly of mitotic spindles.
Comparison of Resin and Solution Screening Methodologies in Combinatorial Chemistry and the Identification of a 100 nM Inhibitor of Trypanothione Reductase (1999)

Two identical polyamine peptide conjugate libraries were screened against the parasitic enzyme trypanothione reductase. One of these libraries was in a solution format, while the other was resin-based and was used in two resin-based screens (a diminution assay and a direct bead screening). Potent inhibitors (100 nM) of trypanothione reductase were identified both in the solution screen and in the resin-based screens when using the PEGA resin of Meldal. Resin screening of both types failed to work with TentaGel resin. Importantly there was excellent agreement between the solution and resin-based assays, suggesting both methods are reliable for the screening of combinatorial libraries.
In Vivo and in Vitro Analysis of Cardiac Troponin I Phosphorylation (2004)

Adrenergic stimulation induces positive changes in cardiac contractility and relaxation. Cardiac troponin I is phosphorylated at different sites by protein kinase A and protein kinase C, but the effects of these post-translational modifications on the rate and extent of contractility and relaxation during beta-adrenergic stimulation in the intact animal remain obscure. To investigate the effect(s) of complete and chronic cTnI phosphorylation on cardiac function, we generated transgenic animals in which the five possible phosphorylation sites were replaced with aspartic acid, mimicking a constant state of complete phosphorylation (cTnI-AllP). We hypothesized that chronic and complete phosphorylation of cTnI might result in increased morbidity or mortality, but complete replacement with the transgenic protein was benign with no detectable pathology. To differentiate the effects of the different phosphorylation sites, we generated another mouse model, cTnI-PP, in which only the protein kinase A phosphorylation sites (Ser(23)/Ser(24)) were mutated to aspartic acid. In contrast to the cTnIAllP, the cTnI-PP mice showed enhanced diastolic function under basal conditions. The cTnI-PP animals also showed augmented relaxation and contraction at higher heart rates compared with the nontransgenic controls. Nuclear magnetic resonance amide proton/nitrogen chemical shift analysis of cardiac troponin C showed that, in the presence of cTnI-AllP and cTnI-PP, the N terminus exhibits a more closed conformation, respectively. The data show that protein kinase C phosphorylation of cTnI plays a dominant role in depressing contractility and exerts an antithetic role on the ability of protein kinase A to increase relaxation.
Intracranial hematomas: imaging by high-field MR. (1985)

Twenty intracranial hematomas between 1 day and over 1 year old were imaged using magnetic resonance at 1.5 T, with T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequences. Characteristic intensity patterns were observed in the evolution of the hematomas, which could be staged as acute (less than 1 week old), subacute (greater than 1 week and less than 1 month old), or chronic (greater than 1 month old). Acute hematomas were characterized by central hypointensity on T2-weighted images (WIs). Subacute hematomas had peripheral hyperintensity on T1-WIs and then on T2-WIs. This hyperintensity proceeded to fill in the hematoma in the chronic stage. In subacute and chronic hematomas, there was hypointensity on T2-WIs in the immediately adjacent part of the brain. On T2-WIs of acute and subacute hematomas, the nearby white matter was characterized by hyperintensity, consistent with edema. A different mechanism is proposed for each of the three characteristic intensity patterns. Two of these mechanisms increase in proportion to the square of the magnetic field magnitude.
Plant classification with In-Field-Labeling for crop/weed discrimination using spectral features and 3D surface features from a multi-wavelength laser line profile system (2017)

State-of-the-art object-based approaches to automatic plant classification for crop/weed discrimination are reported to work with typical classification rates of 80–90% under laboratory or restricted field conditions. Adapting their parameter sets and classifiers to match changing field situation is laborious, yet it is required for practical application. Pixel-based classification allows adjusting the classifier model in the field easily by adding a few marks to sample data; however, pixel-based classification of camera data for crop/weed discrimination is impractical, as pixel features lack descriptiveness. This paper contributes a multi-wavelength laser line profile (MWLP) system for scanning the plants and obtaining sensor data, yielding image-based 3D range data, matched spectral reflectance, and scattering data at multiple wavelengths for each pixel. Using these descriptive pixel features, pixel-based Bayesian classification for crop/weed discrimination requires very few field-specific label data, thus allowing In-Field-Labeling for classifier adaptation to specific field situations. For different field situations and two different crops (carrots (Daucus carota) and corn salad (Valerianella locusta)) the classification using spectral and 3D features applying classifiers generated from very few marks in sample data (i.e., with very little effort for labeling), was successfully demonstrated, thereby achieving misclassification rates comparable to the best literature values.
Benbow Analysis of Extruded Alumina Pastes (2008)

Capillary extrudate analysis was performed on two aqueous alumina pastes having average particle sizes of 1 and 5 μm, respectively. The batches were composed of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose binder and a stearate lubricant Extrusion as a function of solids loading, batch mixedness, and extrusion velocity was measured. Results show that the initial particle size and solids loading influenced the uniformity and appearance of the cylindrical extrudates. Further variation of particle size distribution showed a strong pressure versus length/diameter relationship.
Feasibility of measuring temperature and density fluctuations in air using laser-induced O&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;fluorescence (1984)

A tunable line-narrowed ArF laser can selectively excite several rotational lines of the Schumann-Runge band system of O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> in air. The resulting ultraviolet fluorescence can be monitored at 90° to the laser beam axis, permitting space and time resolved observation of density and temperature fluctuations in turbulence. Experiments and calculations show that ± 1 K, ± 1 percent density, 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> spatial, and 1 μs temporal resolution can be achieved simultaneously under some conditions.
Prolonged Infusion of Fluids into Tree Seedlings Using Ascorbic Acid (1990)

A method was developed to infuse liquids into the stems of three-year-old Cercis canadensis L., Liriodendron tulipifera L., and Tilia cordata Mill. seedlings and to monitor the movement of fluid into the stems. Ascorbic acid (14.2 mM) added to the infusion liquid, could increase the initial rate of fluid uptake 2- to 3-fold compared with distilled water control treatments. The ascorbic acid treatment also prolonged fluid uptake about 4 d longer than distilled water treatments. The effect of ascorbic acid on fluid uptake could not be correlated to the solution pH, the antibiotic effect of high ascorbic acid concentrations, or to seedling height, trunk diameter or projected leaf area. Data did, however, suggest that the increased fluid uptake rate and the prolonged fluid uptake may be related to the anti-oxidant property of ascorbic acid. The accumulation of 1.0 g of ascorbic acid in 60 to 100 cm tall C. canadensis and L. tulipifera seedlings did induce defoliation and lateral bud break. The data presented may be useful in developing techniques for prolonged infusion of therapeutic compounds into trees and for studying, in vivo, wound response to xylem tissue.
Morphological control of BaSO<sub>4</sub>microstructures by double hydrophilic block copolymer mixtures (2004)

A mixture of two double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs) was used to control the crystallization and organization of BaSO4 microstructures as a simple model system for the synergistic action of multiple polymers in biomineralization processes. Independently, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(methacrylic acid) (PEO-b-PMAA) or a partially monophosphonated derivative, PEO-b-PMAA-PO3H2(1%), yielded spherical/elongated particles, or fiber bundles/cones, respectively, when used as additives for BaSO4 crystallization, whereas similar experiments with combinations of the two DHBCs at various w/w ratios produced modified forms of these complex morphologies. Depending on the total DHBC concentration, two different morphogenetic mechanisms were identified. At 1 mg mL−1, nucleation and outgrowth of fiber bundles/cones from spherical precursor particles could be controlled by the polymer mixing ratio to produce materials with a shuttlecock-like microstructure. The results were consistent with a predominantly cumulative mechanism involving a time-dependent sequence during which each DHBC acts independently. In contrast, depending on the ratio of copolymers used, disk-based cones, banded cones or interconnecting sheets of co-aligned fiber bundles were produced at a total polymer concentration of 3 mg mL−1 by a cooperative mechanism involving the combined interaction of both DHBCs with growing BaSO4 crystals. The results reveal that the use of polymer mixtures as additives opens up new variables for crystal morphogenesis compared to systems involving single polymers, and indicate that it should be possible to develop this approach to model the complexity of a wide range of biomineralization processes.
A Fixed-Point Implementation for QR Decomposition (2006)

Matrix triangularization and orthogonalization are prerequisites to solving least square problems and find applications in a wide variety of communication systems and signal processing applications such as MIMO systems and matrix inversion. QR decomposition using modified Gram-Schmidt (MGS) orthogonalization is one of the numerically stable techniques used in this regard. This paper presents a fixed point implementation of QR decomposition based on MGS algorithm using a novel LUT based approach. The proposed architecture is based on log-domain arithmetic operations. The error performance of various fixed-point arithmetic operations has been discussed and optimum LUT sizes are presented based on simulation results for various fractional-precisions. The proposed architecture also paves way for an efficient parallel VLSI implementation of QR decomposition using MGS
Technologies for a Thing-Centric Internet of Things (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) offers challenges that are being met by the convergence of multiple technologies, which have matured rapidly over the past decade. Broadband communication and mobile platforms enable raw data collection and its transmission to the cloud. Data science, e.g., deep learning, transforms large amounts of data from the Internet-connected sensors and personal devices in meaningful information. Nevertheless, several challenges remain open. In particular, the data deluge hinders scalability, with massive amounts of data being sent from the edge to the cloud, often unnecessarily. Simultaneously, an increasing number of smart objects must operate over extremely long time frames, necessitating sustainability. Energy efficiency is therefore a key element of the future IoT. In this paper, we identify three critical aspects for a thing-centric vision of the internet of things: sensing, processing, communication technologies. We start from the current advanced state of the art then sketch future strategies for a scalable and sustainable IoT.
Power Conversion with SiC Devices at Extremely High Ambient Temperatures (2006)

This paper evaluates the capability of SiC devices for operation under extremely high ambient temperatures. To this end, the authors packaged SiC JFET and Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) in thermally stable packages and built a high-temperature inductor to be evaluated in a DC-DC buck converter. The DC characteristics of the SiC JFET devices were first measured at ambient temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 450 degC. The experimental results show that the device can operate at 450 degC, which is impossible for conventional Si devices, but as expected the current capability of the SiC JFET diminishes with rising temperatures. A DC-DC converter was then designed and built in accordance with the static characteristics of the SiC JFETs that were measured under extremely high ambient temperatures. The converter was tested up to an ambient temperature of 400 degC. The conduction loss of the SiC JFET increases slightly, as predicted from its DC characteristics, but its switching characteristics hardly change with increasing temperatures. Thus, SiC devices are well suited for operation in harsh temperature environments
Novel nonionic siloxane surfactants (1992)

Abstract A new method for ethoxylation without application of pressure is described. Butynediololigo(oxyethylene) [H(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OCH 2 CCCH 2 O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n H with n=1–16] has been prepared in the presence of an electrophilic catalyst in a specially developed reciruculating apparatus. The products have been characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy. New nonionic silicone surfactants have been synthesized by hydrosilylation of these butynediololigo(oxyethylenes) with defined siloxanes and polysiloxanes. Protection of the hydroxyl group before hydrosilylation was not necessary. Hydrosilylation was carried out in the presence of a solvent. It has been possible to obtain surfactants with a surface tension of about 21‐22 mN m −1 and an interfacial tension of 2 mN m −1 .
Whole grain consumption has a modest effect on the development of diabetes in the Goto–Kakisaki rat (2011)

Epidemiological evidence suggests that whole grain intake is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. However, studies of individual whole grains on the prevention of type 2 diabetes are lacking. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of different whole grains on type 2 diabetes in an animal model of type 2 diabetes, the Goto-Kakisaki (GK) rat. GK rats were fed either a basal diet or a whole grain-containing diet for 5 months. Whole grain diets contained 65 % whole grain flours of wheat, barley, oats or maize. After 2 months of feeding, fasting plasma glucose concentrations were lower in the wheat, barley and oats groups, compared with the basal group, whereas glycated Hb was significantly greater in the wheat group compared with other groups. Feeding of whole barley and maize increased plasma C-peptide concentrations compared with whole wheat at 2 months. There was a trend in the improvement of insulin resistance with a consumption of barley and oats diets at 2 months (P = 0·06) compared with the basal diet. Oxidative stress markers, urinary thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and 8-isoprostane, did not improve with whole grain intake at 2 months. At 5 months, whole grain diets did not differ from the basal diet in glycaemic control, insulin secretion, oxidative stress and preservation of pancreatic β-cell mass. These results suggest that the consumption of whole grains may offer modest benefit early in the development of type 2 diabetes, but this benefit is lost with further development of the disease.
Molecular Control over Semiconductor Surface Electronic Properties:  Dicarboxylic Acids on CdTe, CdSe, GaAs, and InP (1999)

We present “design rules” for the selection of molecules to achieve electronic control over semiconductor surfaces, using a simple molecular orbital model. The performance of most electronic devices depends critically on their surface electronic properties, i.e., surface band-bending and surface recombination velocity. For semiconductors, these properties depend on the density and energy distribution of surface states. The model is based on a surface state-molecule, HOMO-LUMO-like interaction between molecule and semiconductor. We test it by using a combination of contact potential difference, surface photovoltage spectroscopy, and time- and intensity-resolved photoluminescence measurements. With these, we characterize the interaction of two types of bifunctional dicarboxylic acids, the frontier orbital energy levels of which can be changed systematically, with air-exposed CdTe, CdSe, InP, and GaAs surfaces. The molecules are chemisorbed as monolayers onto the semiconductors. This model explains the widely varying electronic consequences of such interaction and shows them to be determined by the surface state energy position and the strength of the molecule−surface state coupling. The present findings can thus be used as guidelines for molecule-aided surface engineering of semiconductors.
The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease (2016)

The large majority of studies on the role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of disease are correlative and preclinical; several have influenced clinical practice.
In-Trail Procedure (ITP) Algorithm Design (2007)

The primary objective of this document is to provide a detailed description of the In-Trail Procedure (ITP) algorithm, which is part of the Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness In-Trail Procedure (ATSA-ITP) application. To this end, the document presents a high level description of the ITP Algorithm and a prototype implementation of this algorithm in the programming language C.
Cell Cycle-Dependent Regulation of Phosphorylation of the Human Retinoblastoma Gene Product (1989)

The human retinoblastoma gene (RB1) encodes a protein (Rb) of 105 kilodaltons that can be phosphorylated. Analysis of Rb metabolism has shown that the protein has a half-life of more than 10 hours and is synthesized at all phases of the cell cycle. Newly synthesized Rb is not extensively phosphorylated (it is "underphosphorylated") in cells in the G0 and G1 phases but is phosphorylated at multiple sites at the G1/S boundary and in S phase. HL-60 cells that were induced to terminally differentiate by various chemicals lost their ability to phosphorylate newly synthesized Rb at multiple sites when cell growth was arrested. These findings suggest that underphosphorylated Rb may restrict cell proliferation.
Scalable socket buffer tuning for high-performance Web servers (2005)

Although many research efforts have been devoted to network congestion in the face of an increase in the Internet traffic, there is little discussion on performance improvements for endhosts. We propose a new architecture, called scalable socket buffer tuning (SSBT), to provide high-performance and fair service for many TCP connections at Internet endhosts. SSBT has two major features. One is to reduce the number of memory accesses at the sender host by using some new system calls, called simple memory-copy reduction (SMR) scheme. The other is equation-based automatic TCP buffer tuning (E-ATBT), where the sender host estimates 'expected' throughput of the TCP connections through a simple mathematical equation, and assigns a send socket buffer to them according to the estimated throughput. If the socket buffer is short, the max-min fairness policy is used. We confirm the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm through both a simulation technique and an experimental system. From the experimental results, we have found that our SSBT can achieve up to a 30% gain for Web server throughput, and a fair and effective usage of the sender socket buffer can be achieved.
Biomagnetic instrumentation (1982)

We present a review of recent developments of the instrumentation for measuring magnetic fields emanating from the human body and other biological systems. The techniques for using various types of field sensors in shielded and unshielded environments are described, with special attention paid to recent advances in the application of SQUID systems. We also outline the present technical frontiers and point to avenues along which further improvements in performance are desirable.