gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEM electric field sensor using force deflection with capacitance interrogation (2013)

A MEM based electrostatic field sensor is presented which uses capacitive interrogation of an electrostatic force deflected microstructure. Experimental measurements showed successful detection of a switched DC electric field. A sensitivity of 16 kV/m was demonstrated with the capacitive interrogating electrode located 27 μm away. Performance analysis of a this sensor structure showed low field measurement of better than 400 V/m possible for a new design under construction with a capacitive interrogating electrode spaced 2 μm, with upper field measurement over 1 MV/m.
Adjunct Immunotherapies for Tuberculosis (2012)

The continued spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis poses a major threat to global tuberculosis control. Treatment is complex and requires longer use of more-expensive, less effective, and toxic anti-tuberculosis drugs, which results in high morbidity and mortality. The poor treatment outcomes and the slow progress in the development and evaluation of new tuberculosis drugs have given rise to the development of adjunct immunotherapy. The host immune system is a critical factor both for containment and cure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Augmentation or dampening of proinflammatory responses can be of value in the treatment of individuals who have nonproductive M. tuberculosis infection with inflammation-induced tissue damage. The use of immunotherapy with interleukin 2, interferon γ, and interleukin 7 as an adjunct to drug treatment may improve success rates for treatment of MDR tuberculosis, shorten treatment time for drug-sensitive tuberculosis, and improve the immunity of individuals by enhancing M. tuberculosis elimination to prevent recurrence of disease. A broad range of immunological treatments, including cytokine treatment or cell-based therapy, is now available, although not all have been evaluated in humans. This review gives a critical overview of current adjunct immunotherapies for active tuberculosis, which are at various stages of development.
TEXTURAL STUDIES OF GRADED BEDDING. OBSERVATION AND THEORY (1965)

SUMMARY Published data and new observations from the Tertiary and Ordovician show that non‐multiple, continuously graded beds from turbidite sequences have size decline curves that are either convex, concave, or straight. Utilizing a physical model and knowledge of fluid mechanics of turbulent transport, a formula relating both median and maximum grain‐size to height above the base of the graded bed was obtained. This analysis suggests that the shape of the size decline curve in a continuously graded bed depends on the initial size distribution of particles carried by the turbulent current.
Bodies, Meanings and Movement: A Comparison of the Language of a Physical Education Lesson and a Feldenkrais Movement Class (2000)

In Western societies since (and probably before) Descartes, the human body has been objectified and alienated from the self, something to be subdued, managed and more recently worked upon as symbol of self-value. Sport and exercise are sites where the objectification of the body has been traditionally promoted. In recent times with the scientisation of elite sport and the commodification of bodies in sport, the objectification of the body has taken new forms and achieved greater prominence. Physical education as the school site for body work has been implicated in the process of objectification and alienation. The traditional practices of physical education, including choices in teacher language, position bodies as objects, and movement as an instrumental outcome of practice. Not all movement practices, however, subscribe to this approach. This paper will compare the language practices of teachers in a physical education lesson and a Feldenkrais movement class as these constitute different forms of embodiment, different selves. Its purpose is to provide further resources for critical reflection on the ways in which pedagogical practices position students and contribute to the shaping of particular forms of subjectivity.
Fluorescent Proteins as Proteomic Probes (2005)

Protein complexes mediate the majority of cellular processes. Knowledge of the localization and composition of such complexes provides key insights into their functions. Although green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been widely applied for in vivo visualization of proteins, it has been relatively little used as a tool for the isolation of protein complexes. Here we describe the use of the standard GFP tag to both visualize proteins in living cells and capture their interactions via a simple immunoaffinity purification procedure. We applied this method to the analysis of a variety of endogenous protein complexes from different eukaryotic cells. We show that efficient isolations can be achieved in 5-60 min. This rapid purification helps preserve protein complexes close to their original state in the cell and minimizes nonspecific interactions. Given the wide use and availability of GFP-tagged protein reagents, the present method should greatly facilitate the elucidation of many cellular processes.
Experimental investigation into passive damping enhancement for space structures (1991)

This work presents experiments conducted to verify kineticand strain-energy damping enhancement schemes for large/precision space structures. Two types of damping mechanisms were applied to a 5-m-long, 10-bay aluminum cubic box truss with a quasi-free-free suspension. Tunable proof-mass dampers were implemented with space-realizable linear electromechanical drivers. Tunable piezoelectric truss members were designed and constructed for the demonstration of resonant shunted piezoelectric damping concepts. The truss damping was measured and compared with analytical predictions. The proof-mass damper implementation was found to increase the first mode damping ratio from 0.6% of critical to 6.4% of critical with a 2.7% system mass increase. The resonant shunted piezoelectric implementation increased the first mode damping ratio to 6.0%, with a 1.9% increase in system mass.
Aqueous Copper-Mediated Living Polymerization: Exploiting Rapid Disproportionation of CuBr with Me<sub>6</sub>TREN (2013)

A new approach to perform single-electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) in water is described. The key step in this process is to allow full disproportionation of CuBr/Me6TREN (TREN = tris(dimethylamino)ethyl amine to Cu(0) powder and CuBr2 in water prior to addition of both monomer and initiator. This provides an extremely powerful tool for the synthesis of functional water-soluble polymers with controlled chain length and narrow molecular weight distributions (polydispersity index approximately 1.10), including poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), N,N-dimethylacrylamide, poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), and an acrylamido glyco monomer. The polymerizations are performed at or below ambient temperature with quantitative conversions attained in minutes. Polymers have high chain end fidelity capable of undergoing chain extensions to full conversion or multiblock copolymerization via iterative monomer addition after full conversion. Activator generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide in water was also conducted as a comparison with the SET-LRP system. This shows that the addition sequence of l-ascorbic acid is crucial in determining the onset of disproportionation, or otherwise. Finally, this robust technique was applied to polymerizations under biologically relevant conditions (PBS buffer) and a complex ethanol/water mixture (tequila).
Performance Evaluation of a Multi-User MIMO System With Prediction of Time-Varying Indoor Channels (2012)

In this paper, the performance of a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in time-varying channels is evaluated using measurement data. We consider the multi-user MIMO system using a block diagonalization (BD) scheme and an eigenbeam-space division multiplexing (E-SDM) technique. In an ideal case, the BD scheme eliminates inter-user interference, and the E-SDM technique suppresses inter-stream interference. In actual radio environments, however, channels change over time. This causes interference in the multi-user MIMO system even though the BD scheme and the E-SDM technique are used. To overcome this problem, the authors have developed a simple channel prediction scheme on the basis of a linear extrapolation and have demonstrated its effectiveness by computer simulations assuming the Jakes' model. To verify the performance of the channel prediction scheme in actual environments, we conducted a measurement campaign in indoor environments and measured a large amount of channel data. Using these data, we examined the channel transition and channel tracking with the prediction method. Then we obtained the bit-error rate (BER) performance. The prediction technique was shown to track the channel and improve the BER performance almost to that in the ideal time invariant case.
Nucleation and growth in microcellular materials: Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> as foaming agent (1995)

Abstract Bubble growth is a phenomenon encountered in several commercially important processes. A mathematical model presented here describes the growth of bubbles during phase separation of an initially homogeneous polymer‐supercritical fluid mixture, triggered by a sudden pressure drop at constant temperature. It is a modification of the viscoelastic model of Arefmanesh and Advani (1991) in which the polymer is treated as a single relaxation‐time Maxwell fluid. Since properties of the polymer‐fluid mixture vary with the amount of fluid absorbed in the polymer (as a function of fluid pressure), the model needs to be used evaluating system properties as functions of temperature and pressure. The viscosity of polymer/fluid mixture, density of the mixture, diffusivity of CO 2 in the mixture, and relaxation time for poly (methyl methacrylate) swollen by supercritical carbon dioxide are, therefore, predicted as functions of CO 2 pressure and temperature using appropriate model equations at each step of the bubble growth simulation. The model predicts well the trends in equilibrium cell size vs. saturation pressure and temperature.
Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxy/MCDEA Networks Modified with Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids (2011)

Abstract Epoxy‐networked materials containing N,N ' ‐ dioctadecylimidazolium iodide are prepared by curing a mixture of DGEBA and different ratios of the ionic liquid with MCDEA at high temperature. The presence of ionic liquid results in an increase of the storage modulus and a decrease of the glass transition temperature, as indicated by DMA. Also, the onset curing temperature decreases as the amount of IL increase indicating that IL also takes part on the curing process. DSC and FTIR analyses confirm that the imidazolium‐based ionic liquid is able to promote the crosslink of the epoxy pre‐polymer without the presence of external curing agent. magnified image
[A phase I study of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rHu-TNF: PT-050). The PT-050 Study Group]. (1986)

A Phase I study of rHu-TNF (PT-050) was conducted in patients with various malignant tumors refractory to conventional therapy. rHu-TNF was administered by 30-min intravenous (i.v.) infusion or intratumor (i.t.) injection. The starting dose of 1 X 10(5) U/body was increased to 5 X 10(6) U/body in the i.v. group and to 2 X 10(6) U/body in the i.t. group. rHu-TNF was evaluated in 41 patients among the enrolled 43 patients of the i.v. group, and in 9 out of 10 in the i.t. group. In the i.v. group, fever (68.3%), chills (75.6%), hypotension (46.3%), general fatigue (34.1%), nausea/vomiting (22.0%/22.0%), pain in the extremities (17.1%), etc. were observed as adverse reactions (ADRs), and elevation of GOT/GPT (46.3%/43.9%), elevation of ALP(26.8%)and decrease in platelets (12.2%), etc. were observed as abnormal laboratory findings. Among these, hypotension was recognized as the dose-limiting factor and the maximum tolerated dose was considered to be 1 X 10(6) U/body. Plasma levels of rHu-TNF after 30-min i.v. administration were dose-related, and decreased with half-lives of 0.5-2.4 hours. In the i.t. group, ADRs occurred with a lower incidence than in the i.v. group except for fever, chills and general fatigue. Plasma levels after i.t. administration were all within the assay limit. Evident tissue necrosis was observed in the region where rHu-TNF was administered in the i.t. group.
Weld pool development during GTA and laser beam welding of Type 304 stainless steel; Part I - theoretical analysis (1989)

A computational and experimental study was carried out to quantitatively understand the influence of the heat flow and the fluid flow in the transient development of the weld pool during gas tungsten arc (GTA) and laser beam welding of Type 304 stainless steel. Stationary gas tungsten arc and laser beam welds were made on two heats of Type 304 austenitic stainless steels containing 90 ppm sulfur and 240 ppm sulfur. A transient heat transfer model was utilized to simulate the heat flow and fluid flow in the weld pool. In this paper, the results of the heat flow and fluid flow analysis are presented.
Discontinuous Electrophoresis on Polyacrylamide Gel Slab (1969)

Abstract An apparatus for discontinuous electrophoresis on a slab of polyacrylamide gel is described. It affords resolution of serum protein as distinct as that with electrophoresis on a column of gel, but with considerable simplification in technic.
Big Data Analytics for Security (2013)

Big data is changing the landscape of security tools for network monitoring, security information and event management, and forensics; however, in the eternal arms race of attack and defense, security researchers must keep exploring novel ways to mitigate and contain sophisticated attackers.
On identification of input/output extended automata with finite bisimilar quotients (2009)

We study the problem of finding a finite bisimilar abstraction for a class of reactive untimed infinite-state systems, modeled as input-output extended finite automata (I/O-EFA). We identify a lower bound abstraction (that is coarser than any finite bisimilar abstraction), and present an iterative refinement algorithm whose termination guarantees the existence of a finite bisimilar abstraction. The termination condition is weaker than the one given in the work of Kumar et al. (2006) for the existence of a finite bisimilar quotient, and thus, the paper identifies a larger class of I/O-EFAs possessing a finite bisimilar abstraction.
Optimal measurement policy for predicting UAV network topology (2017)

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using networks of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) that collectively perform complex tasks for diverse applications. An important challenge in realizing UAV networks is the need for a communication platform that accommodates rapid network topology changes. For instance, a timely prediction of network topology changes can reduce communication link loss rate by setting up links with prolonged connectivity. In this work, we develop an optimal tracking policy for each UAV to perceive its surrounding network configuration in order to facilitate more efficient communication protocols. More specifically, we develop an algorithm based on particle swarm optimization and Kalman filtering with intermittent observations to find a set of optimal tracking policies for each UAV under time-varying channel qualities and constrained tracking resources such that the overall network estimation error is minimized.
Putting the Rap on Akt (2004)

The protein kinase Akt is activated in a wide variety of cancers, and this activation results in enhanced resistance to apoptosis through multiple mechanisms. This article reviews the control of Akt activation by the opposing actions of the oncogene phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) and the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10. The activation of Akt by transforming mutations, such as the amplification of HER-2/neu in breast cancer and the formation of the BCR/ABL fusion gene in chronic myelogenous leukemia, seems to be essential for the transforming activity of these oncogenes. We discuss several of the proposed mechanisms for the antiapoptotic effect of activated Akt, including the inhibition of the proapoptotic protein Bad, downregulation of death receptors, and enhancement of the glycolytic rate. Increased glycolysis is seen in many malignancies and forms the basis for the increasing use of positron emission tomography imaging for diagnosis and staging. Finally, we discuss rapamycin and its analogs, which are now in trials as antineoplastic therapy; these agents show particular promise in tumors in which Akt has been activated.
Electromigration in niobium. A finite‐cluster‐model study (1986)

Abstract The windforce acting upon a host atom and the impurities Ta, Cr, and Ni in niobium is calculated in a finite cluster model. In this model all strong and multiple scattering effects up to l max = 2 are preserved. Special attention is given to the influence of the vacancy, the cluster size, and of charge transfer. A positive windforce is found, in accordance with experiment, so that this appears to be not directly related to a hole current contribution, contrary to what is believed commonly.
Necroptosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2015)

One fundamental step along the sequence from benign liver steatosis toward progressive steatohepatitis is the occurrence of hepatocyte cell death, currently classified as apoptosis. However, necroptosis, governed by the kinase receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3), has emerged as an alternative programmed cell-death pathway.1 Petra Hirsova and Gregory J. Gores, who have made many important contributions to the field of cell death in the liver, published an interesting article in Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology2 in which they provided a comprehensive overview on the role of programmed cell death pathways in NASH.
Plasminogen mediates the atherogenic effects of macrophage-expressed urokinase and accelerates atherosclerosis in apoE-knockout mice (2008)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is expressed at elevated levels in atherosclerotic human arteries, primarily in macrophages. Plasminogen (Plg), the primary physiologic substrate of uPA, is present at significant levels in blood and interstitial fluid. Both uPA and Plg have activities that could affect atherosclerosis progression. Moreover, correlations between increased Plg activation and accelerated atherosclerosis are reported in several human studies. However, a coherent picture of the role of the uPA/Plg system in atherogenesis has not yet emerged, with at least one animal study suggesting that Plg is atheroprotective. We used a transgenic mouse model of macrophage-targeted uPA overexpression in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice to investigate the roles of uPA and Plg in atherosclerosis. We found that macrophage-expressed uPA accelerated atherosclerotic plaque growth and promoted aortic root dilation through Plg-dependent pathways. These pathways appeared to affect lesion progression rather than initiation and to include actions that disproportionately increase lipid accumulation in the artery wall. In addition, loss of Plg was protective against atherosclerosis both in the presence and absence of uPA overexpression. Transgenic mice with macrophage-targeted uPA overexpression reveal atherogenic roles for both uPA and Plg and are a useful experimental setting for investigating the molecular mechanisms that underlie clinically established relationships between uPA expression, Plg activation, and atherosclerosis progression.
Potential fungicidal and bactericidal agents. Synthesis of certain 4-(2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)quinolines. (1979)

The synthesis of some new 4-[2-alkyl (aryl or aralkyl) amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]-2-substituted quinolines is described. IR, UV, NMR and MS data of representative examples are discussed. Most of the compounds prepared showed a reasonable antifungal and antimicrobial activity.
Identification and expression analysis of microRNAs and targets in the biofuel crop sugarcane (2010)

Using publicly available nucleotide databases, 19 sugarcane miRNA precursors and one new sorghum miRNA precursor were identified and classified into 14 families. Comparative analyses between sugarcane and sorghum suggest that these two species retain homologous miRNAs and targets in their genomes. Such conservation may help to clarify specific aspects of miRNA regulation and evolution in the polyploid sugarcane. Finally, our dataset provides a framework for future studies on sugarcane RNAi-dependent regulatory mechanisms.
Multiscale Templating of Siloxane Gels via Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation (2007)

By combining the micellar templating in nanometer-scale with the polymerization-induced phase separation in micrometer-scale, we can synthesize monolithic silica or silsesquioxane gel materials with hierarchical well-defined macropores and shape-controlled mesopores. Depending on the mechanism of enhancing micellar-templating of siloxane oligomers, macroframeworks containing long-range-ordered cylindrical mesopores with different degrees of order have been produced. Alkylene-bridged silicon alkoxides can also be prepared into similarly hierarchical porous structures with broadened variations in framework morphology. These examples demonstrate the versatility of using phase-separation in micellar-templated gelling systems to obtain well-defined macroporous structures.
U.V./visible spectroscopic study of therac-Et(Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO olefin polymerization catalytic system, 1. Investigation in toluene (1998)

The U.V./visible spectrum of the rac-Et(Ind)2ZrCl2/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalytic system in toluene at 20°C, which is related to the ‘ligand to metal charge transfer’ bands (LMCT), varies greatly with the MAO/Zr ratio (mole ratio Al/Zr). Indeed, for MAO/Zr ratios <30, a hypsochromic shift of the absorption band is observed and is explained by monomethylation of the metallocene dichloride. Conversely, a progressive bathochromic shift of the absorption band is observed for MAO/Zr ratios ranging from 30 to 2000. This behavior is interpreted by the formation of an increasing proportion of dissociated to associated zirconocenium species [L2ZrX]+ [MAOCl]−. The λmax changes of the U.V./visible spectrum of the rac-Et(Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO system were correlated with its catalytic activity for the hex-1-ene polymerization. Moreover, a conductimetric study performed on the rac-Et(Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO system for different MAO/Zr ratios is also in agreement with the formation of ionic species with different nature and ionization degrees.
A VISIBLE ALLELE OF THE MUSCLE GENE <i>sup-10 X</i> OF <i>C. ELEGANS</i> (1986)

In this paper, we extend our previous analyses of a set of genes in Caenorhabditis elegans that are involved in muscle structure and function: unc-93 III, sup-9 II, sup-10 X and sup-11 I. We describe an unusual, visible allele of sup-10, examine how this allele interacts genetically with mutations in other genes of this set and propose that the wild-type products of the unc-93 and sup-10 loci may be components of a protein complex. We also describe a new gene of this set, sup-18 III, and the interaction of sup-18 alleles with mutations in the other genes.
Multi‐Sensor Esophageal Temperature Probe Used During Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation is Associated with Increased Intraluminal Temperature Detection and Increased Risk of Esophageal Injury Compared to Single‐Sensor Probe (2013)

Intraluminal esophageal temperature ≥ 39°C is detected more frequently by the multi-sensor temperature probe versus the single-sensor probe, with more frequent esophageal injury and with comparable severity of injury. Despite detecting esophageal temperature rises in more patients, the multi-sensor probe may not have any measurable benefit compared to a single-sensor probe.