gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Statistical Analysis to Control the Growth of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Thermodecomposition Method (2010)

A statistical design of experiments was used to study the effect of reaction temperature and time on the synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles by the thermodecomposition method. A 24–2 factorial experimental design with two central points was used in which the control variables were the time and temperature of the nucleation and growth stages. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements were used for particle characterization. Cobalt-substituted ferrite (CoxFe3−xO4) nanoparticles with diameters between 9 nm and 13 nm were obtained by varying the nucleation temperature between 150°C and 250°C, the growth temperature between 300°C and 330°C, and the time in each stage between 60 min and 120 min. Statistical analysis showed that only the temperatures had an influence on the final particle size. The analysis of variance indicates that increase in the nucleation temperature resulted in decreased particle size, whereas the increase in temperature in the growth stage resulted in an increase in particle size. Additionally, statistical analysis showed that the growth temperature had an effect on Fe/Co ratio. An increase in the growth temperature produces a decrease in the Fe/Co ratio. Finally, a statistically significant correlation was found between particle diameter and saturation magnetization at 5 K and 300 K. No correlation was found between diameter and other magnetic properties.
Human footstep detection using seismic sensors (2015)

This paper is focused on the hardware and software implementation of DSP algorithms for footstep detection using seismic signal. The main contribution of this research consists in a hardware design and in a software application that process the signals received from the seismic sensor of type SM-24 using PC sound card. The signal samples received from the sensor are stored in a .wav file. The main application is written in C# programming language and uses Matlab library (it was created a DLL library that was used in C#) in order to process the seismic signals on a low level.
[The protective action of a natural preparation of anthocyan (pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside)]. (1993)

The effect of an anthocyan preparation isolated from flower petals of Pelargonium roseum and Rosa canina was studied in the Chinese hamster fibroblasts and Vicia faba seedlings in respect of cytogenetic damage and mouse survival. The pronounced radioprotective effect and the absence of the toxic effect were observed.
A positron emission tomograph designed for 3/4 mm resolution (2002)

Two factors of the design for a positron tomograph affect the magnitude of the tomograph spatial resolution: the gamma ray detector width and the analogue measurement of the scintillator location. In the tomograph design reported here the analogue measurement is eliminated and the detector transaxial width factor is reduced to 3/4 mm. The analogue measurement is eliminated by transmitting the scintillation light from each individual scintillator through optical fibers to four photomultipliers (PMT's); the identities of the PMT's then provide a digital address for the scintillation location. Plastic scintillators are used to provide enough scintillation light for transmission through the optical fibers. Bonuses from the use of plastic scintillators are first, the reduction of the scintillator dead time to about 10 nsec, second, a large reduction of crosstalk between neighboring scintillators, third, the reduction of resolution loss from off-axis gamma rays and, fourth, the ability to sample the axial image at one-eighth the axial resolution distance of 2.5 mm. The designed tomograph incorporates 20 rings. Two of the 32 tomograph 20-ring modules have been constructed to measure the resolution and other characteristics of the tomograph.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cubic Keyboard for Virtual Reality (2018)

We developed a cubic keyboard to exploit the three-dimensional (3D) space of virtual reality (VR) environments. The user enters a word by drawing a stroke with the controller. The keyboard consists of 27 keys arranged in a 3 x 3 x 3 (vertical, horizontal, and depth) 3D array; all 26 letters of the alphabet are assigned to 26 keys; the center key is blank. The user moves the controller to the key of a letter of the word and then selects that key by slowing movement.
Three-Dimensional computerized reconstruction and virtual anatomy of craniofacial part on internet (2002)

Two patient^s Light-speed CT images of craniofacial part were chosen. After the primitive images were displayed, Specified interesting areas were lined out. Three-D software on internet was applied to reconstruct craniofacial part. The reconstructed 3-D images of craniofacial part looked real and the layers were clearly displayed, and it can be freely rotate and incised and restored for many times. And dissected part could also be three-dimensional displayed. Craniofacial part can be reconstructed and then implemented virtual anatomy on internet, a new computer-assisted virtual surgery anatomy has been designed.
A 1 watt X-band power combining array using coupled VCOs (2002)

The design and construction of a ten-element power-combining array using coupled voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) is described. A varactor-tuned patch and broadband coupling network are used in the array. Preliminary measurements indicate an effective radiated power (ERP) of 10.5 W at 8.4 GHz, with beam-scanning capability via voltage tuning of the end elements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of a Coaxial Melt Extrusion Printing process for specialised composite bioscaffold fabrication (2013)

The increased popularity of Additive Fabrication (AF) processing techniques in recent years has catalysed its application in a wide range of research disciplines. The use of Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) as a technique for the synthesis of functional biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering implants epitomises the level of specialisation, as well as the diversity in application, that is possible through the utilisation of an additive approach. While these scaffolds can provide ideal cellular interfaces and be impregnated with growth factors and electrically conducting nanomaterials, the processing itself provides only minimal flexibility with respect to the number of composite materials which can be implemented to reach these targets of function. In this work, a method for the Coaxial Melt Extrusion Printing (CMEP) of multifunctional, conductive and biocompatible co-fibres is presented. This allows for the coupling of two materials into an encapsulated core and shell configuration, and their subsequent extrusion into complex scaffold and path-oriented architectures. Selective Laser Melting was implemented to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300μm/900μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. Following post processing, this component was employed as the cornerstone technology for the development of a computer numerically controlled coaxial extrusion printing system.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Trifluralin, Clodinafop-Propargyl, and 1,2-Dichloro-4-Nitrobenzene As Determined by Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry (2014)

Phototransformation is considered one of the most key factors affecting the fate of pesticides. Therefore, our study focused on photocatalytic degradation of three selected pesticide derivatives: trifluralin ( 1 ), clodinafop-propargyl ( 2 ), and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene ( 3 ). The degradation was carried out in acetonitrile/water medium in the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) under continuous purging of atmospheric air. The course of degradation was followed by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Electron ionization mass spectrometry was used to identify the degradation species. GC-MS analysis indicates the formation of several intermediate products which have been characterized on the basis of molecular ion, mass fragmentation pattern, and comparison with NIST library. The photocatalytic degradation of pesticides of different chemical structures manifested distinctly different degradation mechanism. The major routes for the degradation of pesticides were found to be (a) dealkylation, dehalogenation, and decarboxylation, (b) hydroxylation, (c) oxidation of side chain, if present, (d) isomerization and cyclization, (e) cleavage of alkoxy bond, and (f) reduction of triple bond to double bond and nitro group to amino.
Human and robot behavior modeling for probabilistic cognition of an autonomous service robot (2008)

This paper presents an approach to model multi-modal human-robot interaction as partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) for a service robot in realistic settings. Interaction modalities include spoken dialog and non-verbal human activities like gestures and general body postures. By using POMDPs which can model uncertainties in robot perception as well as human behavior, robustness and flexibility concerning autonomous decision making are improved in real world settings. This paper presents strategies to express perception uncertainties, stochastic human behavior and typical mission objectives in explicit POMDP models. Additionally, a system is presented to compile models from more compact representations. Finally, models are actually evaluated on a physical, autonomous service robot, controlled by POMDP decision making and compared to a classical baseline controller in typical domestic missions.
Relaxation oscillations in stimulated Raman scattering (1977)

Light pulses created by stimulated Raman scattering have been found to exhibit a complex time dependence which resembles relaxation oscillations. A focused laser pulse generated both forward and backward Raman emissions which appeared as a series of pulses with durations much shorter than the incident laser pulse. Time dependence of the Raman emission was observed directly by use of a streak camera. The number of observed pulses increased with the intensity of the incident pulse, while separation of the pulses in time depended on the length of the focal region. Beam focusing was incorporated in the coupled wave equations for stimulated Raman scattering. These rate equations were then solved numerically, and the results are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental observations. The short Raman pulses are created by a process associated with depletion of the incident laser pulse. This process occurs under a broad range of conditions.
Met Kinase-dependent Loss of the E3 Ligase Cbl in Gastric Cancer (2012)

Strict regulation of signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is essential for normal biological processes, and disruption of this regulation can lead to tumor initiation and progression. Signal duration by the Met RTK is mediated in part by the E3 ligase Cbl. Cbl is recruited to Met upon kinase activation and promotes ubiquitination, trafficking, and degradation of the receptor. The Met RTK has been demonstrated to play a role in various types of cancer. Here, we show that Met-dependent loss of Cbl protein in MET-amplified gastric cancer cell lines represents another mechanism contributing to signal dysregulation. Loss of Cbl protein is dependent on Met kinase activity and is partially rescued with a proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin. Moreover, Cbl loss not only uncouples Met from Cbl-mediated negative regulation but also releases other Cbl targets, such as the EGF receptor, from Cbl-mediated signal attenuation. Thus, Met-dependent Cbl loss may also promote cross-talk through indirect enhancement of EGF receptor signaling.
A Model for Fleet Sizing and Vehicle Allocation (1991)

There are important interactions between decisions on sizing a vehicle fleet and decisions on utilizing that fleet. A model is formulated to optimize both sets of decisions simultaneously under dynamic and uncertain conditions. A network approximation to this model is presented and a solution procedure proposed. The convergence behavior of the solution procedure and the potential consequences of using simpler models to solve the fleet sizing and vehicle allocation problem are illustrated using several hypothetical problems. We conclude that this model is useful in identifying good strategies for the sizing of vehicle fleets and for the allocation of empty vehicles.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolidines by 5-Exo-trig Cyclizations of α-Amino Radicals Derived from N-(α-Benzotriazolylalkyl)alkenylamines and Samarium Diiodide (1996)

The treatment of N-(α-benzotriazolylalkyl)alkenylamines (prepared from γ,δ-unsaturated amines, benzotriazole and aldehydes) with SmI2 generates α-amino radicals and the benzotriazolyl anion. If the alkene portion of the amine is activated by an electron withdrawing substituent an efficient 5-exo-trig radical cyclization takes place to afford mono-, 2,3- and 2,4-disubstituted pyrrolidines with moderate diastereoselectivity. In the absence of the activating group dimerization or radical reduction prevail to the exclusion of cyclization.
Enhanced virus resistance of transgenic mice expressing the human MxA protein (1995)

MxA is a GTPase that accumulates to high levels in the cytoplasm of interferon-treated human cells. Expression of MxA cDNA confers to transfected cell lines a high degree of resistance against several RNA viruses, including influenza, measles, vesicular stomatitis, and Thogoto viruses. We have now generated transgenic mice that express MxA cDNA in the brain and other organs under the control of a constitutive promoter. Embryonic fibroblasts derived from the transgenic mice were nonpermissive for Thogoto virus and showed reduced susceptibility for influenza A and vesicular stomatitis viruses. The transgenic animals survived challenges with high doses of Thogoto virus by the intracerebral or intraperitoneal route. Furthermore, the transgenic mice were more resistant than their nontransgenic littermates to intracerebral infections with influenza A and vesicular stomatitis viruses. These results demonstrate that MxA is a powerful antiviral agent in vivo, indicating that it may protect humans from the deleterious effects of infections with certain viral pathogens.
ZmSOC1, a MADS-Box Transcription Factor from Zea mays, Promotes Flowering in Arabidopsis (2014)

Zea mays is an economically important crop, but its molecular mechanism of flowering remains largely uncharacterized. The gene, SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1), integrates multiple flowering signals to regulate floral transition in Arabidopsis. In this study, ZmSOC1 was isolated from Zea mays. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the ZmSOC1 protein contained a highly conserved MADS domain and a typical SOC1 motif. ZmSOC1 protein was localized in the nucleus in protoplasts and showed no transcriptional activation activity in yeast cells. ZmSOC1 was highly expressed in maize reproductive organs, including filaments, ear and endosperm, but expression was very low in embryos; on the other hand, the abiotic stresses could repress ZmSOC1 expression. Overexpression of ZmSOC1 resulted in early flowering in Arabidopsis through increasing the expression of AtLFY and AtAP1. Overall, these results suggest that ZmSOC1 is a flowering promoter in Arabidopsis.
Effects of Cu/AI intermetallic compound (IMC) on copper wire and aluminum pad bondability (2003)

Copper wire bonding is an alternative interconnection technology that serves as a viable, and cost saving alternative to gold wire bonding. Its excellent mechanical and electrical characteristics attract the high-speed, power management devices and fine-pitch applications. Copper wire bonding can be a potentially alternative interconnection technology along with flip chip interconnection. However, the growth of Cu/Al intermetallic compound (INIQ at the copper wire and aluminum interface can induce a mechanical failure and increase a potential contact resistance. In this study, the copper wire bonded chip samples were annealed at the temperature range from 150 degreesC to 300 degreesC for 2 to 250 h, respectively. The formation of Cu/Al IMC was observed and the activation energy of Cu/Al IMC growth was obtained from an Arrhenius plot (in (growth rate) versus 1/T). The obtained activation energy was 26 Kcal/mol and the behavior of IMC growth was very sensitive to the annealing temperature. To investigate the effects of IMC formation on the copper wire bondability on Al pad, ball shear tests were performed on annealed samples. For as-bonded samples, ball shear strength ranged from 240-260 gf, and ball shear strength changed as a function of annealing times. For annealed samples, fracture mode changed from adhesive failure at Cu/Al interface to IMC layer or Cu wire itself. The IMC growth and the diffusion rate of aluminum and copper were closely related to failure mode changes. Micro-XRD was performed on fractured pads and balls to identify the phases of IMC and their effects on the ball bonding strength. From XRD results, it was confirmed that the major IMC was, gamma - Cu9Al4 and it provided a strong bondability.
Lipopolysaccharide Induced Opening of the Blood Brain Barrier on Aging 5XFAD Mouse Model (2018)

The development of neurotherapeutics for many neurodegenerative diseases has largely been hindered by limited pharmacologic penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Previous attempts to target and clear amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, a key mediator of neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD), have had limited clinical success due to low bioavailability in the brain because of the BBB. Here we test the effects of inducing an inflammatory response to disrupt the BBB in the 5XFAD transgenic mouse model of AD. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin recognized by the innate immune system, was injected at varying doses. 24 hours later, mice were injected with either thioflavin S, a fluorescent Aβ-binding small molecule or 30 nm superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, both of which are unable to penetrate the BBB under normal physiologic conditions. Our results showed that when pretreated with 3.0 mg/kg LPS, thioflavin S can be found in the brain bound to Aβ plaques in aged 5XFAD transgenic mice. Following the same LPS pretreatment, SPIO nanoparticles could also be found in the brain. However, when done on wild type or young 5XFAD mice, limited SPIO was detected. Our results suggest that the BBB in aged 5XFAD mouse model is susceptible to increased permeability mediated by LPS, allowing for improved delivery of the small molecule thioflavin S to target Aβ plaques and SPIO nanoparticles, which are significantly larger than antibodies used in clinical trials for immunotherapy of AD. Although this approach demonstrated efficacy for improved delivery to the brain, LPS treatment resulted in significant weight loss even at low doses, resulting from the induced inflammatory response. These findings suggest inducing inflammation can improve delivery of small and large materials to the brain for improved therapeutic or diagnostic efficacy. However, this approach must be balanced with the risks of systemic inflammation.
Towards designing an information‐flow‐structure of resource wastes for national planning (1988)

Abstract Global concern for the severe resource crisis and environmental upsurge has emphasized the need to review the economic policy and planning process and explore the possibility of incorporating waste management aspects in it. This paper specifically deals with the issues related to the development and design of an information‐flow‐structure about resource wastes, with the understanding that waste management is a matter of serious concern for policy formulation, subsequent planning and implementation at the national level. This structure should support the national planning system based on an I–O–W (Input—Output—Waste) model which is the logical extension of an I–O model. Identification of informational needs of national planners about wastes would be the starting point towards designing such a structure. Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) is found to be a powerful technique to transform the complex mental models into a visible and well‐defined structural format. This is proposed here to be used for the development of the necessary information‐flow‐structure parallel to the existing productive systems, which should support the informational needs of top‐level planners and decision‐makers.
Isomeric Graft Copolymers and Interpenetrating Polymer Networks. Theory and Experiment (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsomeric Graft Copolymers and Interpenetrating Polymer Networks. Theory and ExperimentL. H. Sperling, K. B. Ferguson, J. A. Manson, E. M. Corwin, and D. L. SiegfriedCite this: Macromolecules 1976, 9, 5, 743–749Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60053a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60053a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
"Command surfaces" of Langmuir-Blodgett films. Photoregulations of liquid crystal alignment by molecularly tailored surface azobenzene layers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT"Command surfaces" of Langmuir-Blodgett films. Photoregulations of liquid crystal alignment by molecularly tailored surface azobenzene layersTakahiro Seki, Masako Sakuragi, Yuji Kawanishi, Takashi Tamaki, Ryoichi Fukuda, Kunihiro Ichimura, and Yasuzo SuzukiCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 1, 211–218Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/la00025a041RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1203Altmetric-Citations243LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts