gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature CO2 Capture for Near-term Applications (2013)

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture and storage (CCS) is an important option aimed at stabilizing the long term atmospheric levels of anthropogenic emissions of CO 2 , which is one of several greenhouse gases contributing to the global warming of our planet. However, the weak policies and economic drivers for CCS have slowed down the commercialization of CO 2 capture technologies needed for large scale removal. At the same time CO 2 for the food and beverage industry is an existing and currently growing market for which the monoethanolamine (MEA)-based approach to provide CO 2 is very energy intensive and in many cases not economical. Finding existing applications for next generation CO 2 capture technologies at the small to medium-scale provides an important intermediate step for demonstrating and gaining the necessary knowledge required for further scaling up of novel CCS technologies. Low temperature CO2 capture represents a novel alternative to state-of-the-art MEA post-combustion technology. The separation process aims at reducing the flue gas temperature from ambient to a low temperature range at which the CO 2 freezes to be able to be removed from the main gas stream in a solid phase. This study presents the results of the assessment of integrating a novel low temperature CO 2 capture technology into a Jenbacher reciprocating gas engine by investigating two different configurations of the low temperature CO 2 capture process and comparing their performance with a state- of-the-art MEA absorption process. Results indicate that both configurations of the low temperature CO 2 removal processes enable reduction of the specific energy requirement to capture CO 2 by approximately 35% compared to the state-of-the-art MEA process.
Adhesion Contact Dynamics of Fibroblasts on Biomacromolecular Surfaces (2005)

Biomacromolecules like gelatin and chitosan have emerged as highly versatile biomimetic coatings for applications in tissue engineering. The elucidation of the interfacial kinetics of cell adhesion on biomacromolecular surfaces will pave the way for the rational design of chitosan/gelatin-based systems for cell regeneration. Biomacromolecular ultra-thin films, chemically immobilized on fused silica are ideal experimental models for determining the effect of surface properties on the biophysical cascades following cell seeding. In this study, confocal reflectance interference contrast microscopy (C-RICM), in conjunction with phase contrast microscopy and fluorescence confocal microscopy, was applied to detect the adhesion contact dynamics of 3T3 fibroblasts on chitosan and gelatin ultrathin films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the immobilization of chitosan or gelatin on the silanized glass surface. Both the initial cell deformation rate and the change of two-dimensional spread area of the 3T3 fibroblasts are higher on gelatin-modified surfaces than on chitosan surfaces. The steady-state adhesion energy of 3T3 fibroblasts on gelatin film is three times higher than that on chitosan film. Immuno-staining of actin further demonstrates the different organization of cytoskeleton, likely induced by the change in cell signaling mechanism on the two biomacromolecular surfaces. The better attachment of 3T3 fibroblast to gelatin is postulated to be caused by the presence of adhesive domains on gelatin.
Novel Pose-Variant Face Detection Method for Human-Robot Interaction Application. (2005)

We propose an e fective facial features detection method forhuman–robotinteraction (HRI) with indoor mobile robot.In case ofhuman-robotinteraction atmobile robot,its vision system has to cope with di ficult problemssuch aspose variations,illumination changes, and complexbackgrounds,which problemsmainly arise from the movementofmobile robot.In thispaper,in order to overcome such problems,we suggesta new facial feature detection approach based on local image region and directpixel-intensity distributions.Forthis,we propose two novel concepts;the directional template forevaluating intensity distributions and the edge-like blob map image with multiple strength intensity.Using this blob map image,we show thatthe locationsofmajorfacial
A New PAPR Reduction Technique of OFDM System with Nonlinear High Power Amplifier (2007)

High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmit signal is a major drawback of multicarrier transmission such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Most of recent works have focused on minimizing the PAPR of OFDM signal to enhance performance. However, after relating this issue with the specific characteristics of high power amplifier (HPA), we propose a new scheme based on iterative partial transmit sequence (I-PTS) scheme that uses the amount of OFDM signal's nonlinear distortion to be caused by high power amplifier (HPA) as a new measure. The proposed scheme can have simple subblock combining method by applying iterative PTS and then, a new measure which is called adaptive nonlinear estimator (ANE), is achieved by estimating the mean square error (MSE) between the OFDM signals before and after the nonlinear HPA. The one with the minimum MSE among OFDM candidate signals is selected for transmission. From the results, it can be seen that a proposed scheme based-iterative PTS can be easily implemented with low combining complexity, still maintaining a better BER performance, compared to the conventional PTS approach.
Mid-tier caching (2002)

TimesTen is an in-memory, application-tier data manager that delivers low response time and high throughput. Applications may create tables and manage them exclusively in TimesTen, and they may optionally cache frequently used subsets of a disk-based relational database in TimesTen. Cached tables and tables managed exclusively by TimesTen may coexist in the same database. Queries and updates to the cache are performed by the application through SQL. Applications running on different mid-tier servers may cache different or overlapping subsets of the same back-end database. TimesTen keeps the caches synchronized with each other and with the back-end database.
Secondary ion mass spectrometric investigation of penetration of coconut and mineral oils into human hair fibers: relevance to hair damage. (2001)

An attempt has been made to show the difference in the penetrability of coconut oil and mineral oil in human hair. We have used secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in combination with a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. Characteristic ions formed by the pure components when bombarded with gallium ions have been identified with their m/z values. The distribution of the ion, characteristic of the particular treatment, has been established in the cross sections of hair treated with coconut and mineral oils. The results show that coconut oil penetrates the hair shaft while mineral oil does not. The difference may be due to the polarity of the coconut oil compared to the nonpolar nature of the mineral oil. The affinity of the penetrant to the protein seems to be the cause for this difference in their behavior. This study also indicates that the swelling of hair is limited by the presence oil. Since the process of swelling and deswelling of hair is one of the causes of hair damage by hygral fatigue, coconut oil, which is a better penetrant than mineral oil, may provide better protection from damage by hygral fatigue.
Regulatory B Cells Inhibit Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) Activity and Elimination of Infected CD4 T Cells after In Vitro Reactivation of HIV Latent Reservoirs (2014)

During HIV infection, IL-10/IL-10 receptor and programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-1-ligand (PD-L1) interactions have been implicated in the impairment of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), attenuated anti-HIV CTL functions present a major hurdle towards curative measures requiring viral eradication. Therefore, deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying impaired CTL is crucial before HIV viral eradication is viable. The generation of robust CTL activity necessitates interactions between antigen-presenting cells (APC), CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We have shown that in vitro, IL-10hiPD-L1hi regulatory B cells (Bregs) directly attenuate HIV-specific CD8+-mediated CTL activity. Bregs also modulate APC and CD4+ T cell function; herein we characterize the Breg compartment in uninfected (HIVNEG), HIV-infected "elite controllers" (HIVEC), ART-treated (HIVART), and viremic (HIVvir), subjects, and in vitro, assess the impact of Bregs on anti-HIV CTL generation and activity after reactivation of HIV latent reservoirs using suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). We find that Bregs from HIVEC and HIVART subjects exhibit comparable IL-10 expression levels significantly higher than HIVNEG subjects, but significantly lower than HIVVIR subjects. Bregs from HIVEC and HIVART subjects exhibit comparable PD-L1 expression, significantly higher than in HIVVIR and HIVNEG subjects. SAHA-treated Breg-depleted PBMC from HIVEC and HIVART subjects, displayed enhanced CD4+ T-cell proliferation, significant upregulation of antigen-presentation molecules, increased frequency of CD107a+ and HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, associated with efficient elimination of infected CD4+ T cells, and reduction in integrated viral DNA. Finally, IL-10-R and PD-1 antibody blockade partially reversed Breg-mediated inhibition of CD4+ T-cell proliferation. Our data suggest that, possibly, via an IL-10 and PD-L1 synergistic mechanism; Bregs likely inhibit APC function and CD4+ T-cell proliferation, leading to anti-HIV CTL attenuation, hindering viral eradication.
Organic light-emitting device with surface-modified tungsten-doped indium oxide anode (2008)

The work function phis of tungsten-doped indium oxide (IWO) thin films could be enhanced to 5.5 eV by forming platinum and tungsten codoped indium oxide (In2O3:Pt,W) thin layers on them. With the IWO/In2O3:Pt,W double-layer as the anode, an OLED device with the structure of IWO/In2O3:Pt,W/NPB/Alq3/LiF/Al was fabricated. When the voltage is 14 V, the current density and the brightness of the device reach 1600 mA/cm2 and 2.5×104 cd/m2, respectively.
Study of an alternate glyoxylate cycle for acetate assimilation by <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i> (2006)

Organisms, which grow on organic substrates that are metabolized via acetyl-CoA, are faced with the problem to form all cell constituents from this C(2)-unit. The problem was solved by the seminal work of Kornberg and is known as the glyoxylate cycle. However, many bacteria are known to not contain isocitrate lyase, the key enzyme of this pathway. This problem was addressed in acetate-grown Rhodobacter sphaeroides. An acetate-minus mutant identified by transposon mutagenesis was affected in the gene for beta-ketothiolase forming acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA. This enzyme activity was missing in this mutant, which grew on acetoacetate and on acetate plus glyoxylate. A second acetate/acetoacetate-minus mutant was affected in the gene for a putative mesaconyl-CoA hydratase, an enzyme which catalyses the hydration of mesaconyl-CoA to beta-methylmalyl-CoA. Beta-methylmalyl-CoA is further cleaved into glyoxylate and propionyl-CoA. These results as well as identification of acetate-upregulated proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis lead to the proposal of a new pathway for acetate assimilation. In a first part, affected by the mutations, two molecules of acetyl-CoA and one molecule CO(2) are converted via acetoacetyl-CoA and mesaconyl-CoA to glyoxylate and propionyl-CoA. In a second part glyoxylate and propionyl-CoA are converted with another molecule of acetyl-CoA and CO(2) to l-malyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA.
Preparation, Magnetism, and Crystal Structures of the Tautomers [LCu(μ<sub>2</sub>‐OH)<sub>2</sub>CuL](ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (Blue) and [LCu(μ<sub>2</sub>‐OH<sub>2</sub>)(μ<sub>2</sub>‐O)CuL](ClOμ<sub>4</sub>)μ<sub>2</sub> (Green): μ‐Aqua‐μ‐oxo vs. Di‐μ‐hydroxo Linkage (1985)

The first example for μ-aqua-μ-oxo bridging of two transition-metal centers is the cation of 2. This compound is formed as green crystals from CuCl2·2H2O and L in methanol after addition of aqueous NaClO4 solution. 2 is ferromagnetic. 1, the cation of which belongs to a frequently encountered type, is formed as blue crystals from Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O and L in water. 1 is antiferromagnetic. Surprisingly, in the crystal the two tautomers have the same space group and very similar structures.
Predominant expression of 5 alpha-reductase type 1 in pubic skin from normal subjects and hirsute patients. (1996)

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the 5 alpha-reduced metabolite of testosterone, is the active molecule triggering androgen action, and 5 alpha-reductase (5 alpha-R), the enzyme converting testosterone to DHT, is a key step in this mechanism. Skin, like prostate, is a DHT- dependent tissue. Our laboratory demonstrated, many years ago, that 5 alpha-R in external genitalia was not regulated by androgens, whereas it was androgen dependent in public skin. As two genes, 5 alpha-R types 1 and 2, encoding for 5 alpha-R enzymes have been recently cloned, we undertook the present study to determine whether the two enzymes we had postulated on the basis of regulation studies were coincident with the cloned isoforms. The expression of the two isoforms was studied in genital and pubic skin fibroblasts from normal men, normal women, and hirsute patients. Messenger ribonucleic acid analysis, using Northern blot and RT-PCR techniques, indicated that both 5 alpha-R1 and -2 messenger ribonucleic acids are expressed in genital skin as well as in public skin fibroblasts. In contrast, studies using specific inhibitors of 5 alpha-R1 (LY306089) and 5 alpha-R2 (finasteride) showed that 5 alpha-R2 is predominant in pubic skin of normal men, normal women, and hirsute patients. These data raise the question of the possible use of specific 5 alpha-R1 inhibitors in the treatment of idiopathic hirsutism.
Ultrasound intracavity system for imaging, therapy planning and treatment of focal disease (2003)

A new ultrasound system has been developed based on advances in transducer material technology. It permits the same piezoceramic element to be used for conventional pulse echo ultrasound imaging as well as for continuous wave high intensity focused ultrasound for tissue ablation. This intracavity device is presently used for prostate tissue ablation. Ultrasound visualization of the prostate guides the probe placing the ultrasound beam focus in the appropriate tissue region. A large volume tissue ablation of demarcated size is produced by using both the linear and sector motions of the transducer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Estimation of velocity vector angles using the directional cross-correlation method (2006)

A method for determining both velocity magnitude and angle in any direction is suggested. The method uses focusing along the velocity direction and cross-correlation for finding the correct velocity magnitude. The angle is found from beamforming directional signals in a number of directions and then selecting the angle with the highest normalized correlation between directional signals. The approach is investigated using Field II simulations and data from the experimental ultrasound scanner RASMUS and a circulating flow rig with a parabolic flow having a peak velocity of 0.3 m/s. A 7-MHz linear array transducer is used with a normal transmission of a focused ultrasound field. In the simulations the relative standard deviation of the velocity magnitude is between 0.7% and 7.7% for flow angles between 45 degrees and 90 degrees. The study showed that angle estimation by directional beamforming can be estimated with a high precision. The angle estimation performance is highly dependent on the choice of the time ktprf x Tprf (correlation time) between signals to correlate. One performance example is given with a fixed value of ktprf for all flow angles. The angle estimation on measured data for flow at 60 degrees to 90 degrees yields a probability of valid estimates between 68% and 98%. The optimal value of ktprf for each flow angle is found from a parameter study; with these values, the performance on simulated data yields angle estimates with no outlier estimates and with standard deviations below 2 degrees.
Gratitude - Parent of all virtues. (2007)

First paragraph: Gratitude is an emotion that most people feel frequently and strongly (McCullough et al., 2002). The Gallup Organization conducted a representative telephone poll of around 1000 people (as cited in Tsang &amp; McCullough, 2004), and found that 67 per cent endorsed the statement 'all of the time' when asked how often they feel gratitude, and 60 per cent said that this made them 'very happy'. This prevalence does not seem to be limited to Western countries - with some cultural variations, gratitude seems to be experienced in countries around the world (Naito et al., 2005). Gratitude has also been a focus of recent public attention, with many people reporting increased gratitude and appreciation of life following vicarious exposure to the 11 September terrorist attacks (Peterson &amp; Seligman, 2003).
The Parallel Complexity of Element Distinctness is $\Omega ( \sqrt{\log n} )$ (1988)

We consider the problem of element distinctness. Here n synchronized processors, each given an integer input, must decide whether these integers are pairwise distinct, while communicating via an infinitely large shared memory. If simultaneous write access to a memory cell is forbidden, then a lower bound of $\Omega ( \log n )$ on the number of steps easily follows (from S. Cook, C. Dwork, and R. Reischuk, SIAM J. Comput., 15 (1986), pp. 87–97.) When several (different) values can be written simultaneously to any cell, then there is an simple algorithm requiring $O ( 1 )$ steps. We consider the intermediate model, in which simultaneous writes to a single cell are allowed only if all values written are equal. We prove a lower bound of $\Omega ( ( \log n )^{1 /2} )$ steps, improving the previous lower bound of $\Omega ( \log \log \log n )$ steps (F. E. Fich, F. Meyer auf der Heide, and A. Wigderson, Adv. in Comput., 4 (1987), pp. 1–15). The proof uses Ramsey-theoretic and combinatorial arguments. The result implies a separation between the powers of some variants of the PRAM model of parallel computation.
Numerical modelling and experimental investigation of diffusion brazing SS304/BNi-2/SS304 joint (2008)

The kinetics of dissolution and isothermal solidification at the bonding temperature during diffusion brazing SS304/BNi-2/SS304 has been studied through a combination of analytical modelling and experimental investigations. The modelling is based on the diffusion theory and the consideration of transient motion of liquid/solid interface. A set of coupled finite differential equations has been programmed to track the motion of liquid/solid interface during the isothermal solidification of liquid filler. Four parameters can be mathematically determined from the analytical modelling including the evolution of solute concentration profile, the maximum diffusion distance, and the maximum liquid thickness as well as the time to complete the isothermal solidification. These analyses are helpful to understanding the joining mechanism during diffusion brazing. The temperature dependent diffusion coefficient used in the modelling is derived together with the experimental data from brazing the wedge shaped joint specimen of SS304/BNi-2/SS304. The effects of bonding temperature and initial joint thickness on the joining process have also been investigated.
Laser-activated solid protein bands for peripheral nerve repair: An in vivo study (1997)

The laser-based nerve repair technique was easier and faster than microsuture repair, minimising manipulation damage to the nerve.
Blind Source Extraction of Instantaneous Noisy Mixtures Using a Linear Predictor (2006)

The blind source extraction (BSE) problem for noisy measurements is addressed using the linear predictor method. Based on a previously proposed method for the noise-free case, we propose a cost function with the effect of noise removed. Two adaptive algorithms are next introduced, one of which is based on minimisation of the normalised mean square prediction error (MSPE), whereas the other minimises the MSPE using prewhitening followed by regularisation of the demixing vector. The successful operation of these algorithms requires the knowledge of the correlation matrix of noise
SAIC chart management system (2002)

Telecommunication companies are competing more frequently each year for seafloor space near popular landing sites. The increased competition has effectively mandated to each marine survey and cable installation company that survey and installation results must be produced at an ever-increasing rate, allowing the new networks to start transmitting light and earning revenue as fast as possible. Data acquisition, processing and reporting cycles are compressed to meet schedule requirements. SAIC (Science Applications International Corporation), Newport, USA, has answered this demand from the telecom industry by developing the Integrated Cable Management System (ICMS). This paper discusses the SAIC Chart Management System (CMS), a module to the ICMS, which automates the process by which reports and charts are generated for a fiber optic cable or pipeline route survey and installation program.
AlGaN/GaN field effect transistor with two lateral Schottky barrier gates towards resonant detection in sub-mm range (2018)

International audience
Influence of virgin queen honeybees ( <i>Apis mellifera</i> ) on queen rearing and foraging (1985)

ABSTRACT. Virgin queens are as effective as mated laying queens at inhibiting colonies from rearing queens but not from producing queen cell cups. Colonies without brood produce fewer queen cell cups than similar colonies that have brood. Colonies without queens forage much less and collect less pollen than with either a mated or virgin queen. Colonies with virgin queens forage as much as those with mated queens but collected less pollen.
The motivations and experiences of the on-demand mobile workforce (2014)

On-demand mobile workforce applications match physical world tasks and willing workers. These systems offer to help conserve resources, streamline courses of action, and increase market efficiency for micro- and mid-level tasks, from verifying the existence of a pothole to walking a neighbor's dog. This study reports on the motivations and experiences of individuals who regularly complete physical world tasks posted in on-demand mobile workforce marketplaces. Data collection included semi-structured interviews with members (workers) of two different services. The analysis revealed the main drivers for participating in an on-demand mobile workforce, including desires for monetary compensation and control over schedules and task selection. We also reveal main reasons for task selection, which involve situational factors, convenient physical locations, and task requester profile information. Finally, we discuss the key characteristics of the most worthwhile tasks and offer implications for novel crowdsourcing systems for physical world tasks.