gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
seaborn: statistical data visualization (2021)

seaborn is a library for making statistical graphics in Python. It provides a high-level interface to matplotlib and integrates closely with pandas data structures. Functions in the seaborn library expose a declarative, dataset-oriented API that makes it easy to translate questions about data into graphics that can answer them. When given a dataset and a specification of the plot to make, seaborn automatically maps the data values to visual attributes such as color, size, or style, internally computes statistical transformations, and decorates the plot with informative axis labels and a legend. Many seaborn functions can generate figures with multiple panels that elicit comparisons between conditional subsets of data or across different pairings of variables in a dataset. seaborn is designed to be useful throughout the lifecycle of a scientific project. By producing complete graphics from a single function call with minimal arguments, seaborn facilitates rapid prototyping and exploratory data analysis. And by offering extensive options for customization, along with exposing the underlying matplotlib objects, it can be used to create polished, publication-quality figures.
A Formal Approach for RDF/S Ontology Evolution (2008)

In this paper, we consider the problem of ontology evolution in the face of a change operation. We devise a general-purpose algorithm for determining the effects and side-effects of a requested elementary or complex change operation. Our work is inspired by belief revision principles (i.e., validity, success and minimal change) and allows us to handle any change operation in a provably rational and consistent manner. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach overcoming the limitations of existing solutions, which deal with each change operation on a per-case basis. Additionally, we rely on our general change handling algorithm to implement specialized versions of it, one per desired change operation, in order to compute the equivalent set of effects and side-effects.This work was partially supported by the EU projects CASPAR (FP6-2005-IST-033572) and KP-LAB (FP6-2004-IST-27490).
2016 Evaluation of Standard Pickling Cucumber Varieties in Kansas (2017)

This is a compilation of 21 research trial reports from four land-grant universities in the Midwestern United States. Crops include cantaloupe, pickling cucumber, pepper, potato, pumpkin, summer squash and zucchini, sweet corn, tomato, and watermelon. Somecrops were evaluated in high tunnels or hoophouses. Most trials evaluated different cultivars or varieties. One report addressed plant spacing for sweet corn and one addressed soil block for production of tomato seedlings. A list of vegetable seed sources and a list of other online sources of vegetable trial reports are also included.
Vaporization Cooling for Power Transformers (1959)

1. Outstanding characteristics of vaporization cooling is its remarkable effectiveness. By vaporization and condensation of a fluorocarbon coolant, and for a given temperature difference, rates of heat transfer several times as great as in oil by free convection may be obtained. 2. Vaporization cooling of power transformers is made possible by the advent of inert fluorocarbon coolants, characterized by their chemical inertness, thermal stability, nontoxicity, and a high dielectric strength of their vapors. 3. Operating thermal characteristics of vaporization-cooled transformers present many unusual features. They depend greatly upon design, and particularly on the presence or absence of a noncondensable gas in the transformer tank. The paper presents a study of these characteristics made on a large commercial unit.
Photoconductivity in the amorphous Ge-rich Ge<i>x</i> Te1—<i>x</i> system (1974)

Experimental results on photoconductivity, Δσ, in as-deposited and annealed vacuum-evaporated amorphous films of Gex Te1—x, in the composition range 0.5≤x≤0.7, and of Ge are reported and compared with published photoconductivity data for GeTe2 and Te. Whereas Δσ(T) of Te, GeTe2, and GeTe between 100 and 300°K is characterized by only a single maximum typical of multicomponent chalcogenide glasses, Δσ(T) of the as-deposited Ge-rich samples and of as-deposited and annealed amorphous Ge was found to exhibit a minimum as well as a shallow maximum in this temperature range. A comparison of the present data with those for Te and GeTe2 further shows that amorphous Te is the most sensitive photoconductor in this group of amorphous semiconductors and that the photosensitivity decreases monotonically with increasing Ge content. It is suggested that both the new structure in Δσ(T) and the quenching effect of added Ge are results of increasing densities of localized states—in particular, of midgap states—in compositions with increasing Ge content. Possible correlations between localized-densities-of-states distributions and recombination mechanisms are discussed.
Steroid and G Protein Binding Characteristics of the Seatrout and Human Progestin Membrane Receptor Alpha Subtypes and Their Evolutionary Origins (2006)

A novel progestin receptor (mPR) with seven-transmembrane domains was recently discovered in spotted seatrout and homologous genes were identified in other vertebrates. Here we show that cDNAs for the mPR alpha subtypes from spotted seatrout (st-mPRalpha) and humans (hu-mPRalpha) encode progestin receptors that display many functional characteristics of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Flow cytometry and immunocytochemical staining of whole MDA-MB-231 cells stably transfected with the mPRalphas using antibodies directed against their N terminal regions show the receptors are localized on the plasma membrane and suggest the N terminal domain is extracellular. Both recombinant st-mPRalpha and hu-mPRalpha display high affinity (Kd 4.2-7.8 nM), limited capacity (Bmax 0.03-0.32 nM), displaceable membrane binding specific for progestins. Progestins activate a pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibitory G protein (Gi) to down-regulate membrane-bound adenylyl cyclase activity in both st-mPRalpha- and hu-mPRalpha- transfected cells. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate the receptors are directly coupled to the Gi protein. Similar to GPCRs, dissociation of the receptor/G protein complex results in a decrease in ligand binding to the mPRalphas and mutation of the C-terminal and third intracellular loop of st-mPRalpha causes loss of ligand-dependent G protein activation. Phylogenetic analysis indicates the mPRs are members of a progesterone and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) subfamily that is only present in chordates, whereas other PAQRs also occur in invertebrates and plants. PAQRs are related to the hemolysin3 (HLY3) family and have origins in the Eubacteria. Thus, mPRs arose from Eubacteria, independently from members of the GPCR superfamily which arose from Archeabacteria, suggesting convergent evolution of seven-transmembrane hormone receptors coupled to G proteins.
The art process offers increased refinery flexibility (1983)

In today's economic climate one of the key concepts in refining is flexibility. Flexibility to meet product demand given changes in crude slate. Flexibility to shift the product slate from residual fuel to diesel fuel while the crude charge gets heavier. The ART Process, by virtue of its ability to remove metals and asphaltenes from contaminated feedstocks, can offer a refiner this flexibility. The ART Process is a combination of selective vaporization and fluid decarbonization/ demetallation. The ART Process removes over 95% of the metals and asphaltenes from residual oil as well as 30-50% of the sulfur and nitrogen. All this is done while preserving the hydrogen content of the feedstock. Subsequent conversion processes can be accomplished in conventional downstream catalytic processing units. The ART Process utilizes a fluidizable solid particle proprietary to Engelhard sold under the trademark ARTCAT /SUP TM/ . The particle is designed and engineered with an affinity for asphaltenes and metals. Fluidized ARTCAT solid has essentially the same particle size distribution, density and fluidization characteristics as fluid catalytic cracking catalyst. ARTCAT material, however, has low surface area and catalytic activity.
Recent Techniques of Clustering of Time Series Data: A Survey (2012)

Time-Series clustering is one of the important concepts of data mining that is used to gain insight into the mechanism that generate the time-series and predicting the future values of the given time-series. Time-series data are frequently very large and elements of these kinds of data have temporal ordering. The clustering of time series is organized into three groups depending upon whether they work directly on raw data either in frequency or time domain, indirectly with the features extracted from the raw data or with model built from raw data. In this paper, we have shown the survey and summarization of previous work that investigated the clustering of time series in various application domains ranging from science, engineering, business, finance, economic, health care, to government.
A fully portable robot system for cleaning solar panels (2015)

Dust and dirt particles accumulating on PV panels decrease the solar energy reaching the cells, thereby reducing their overall power output. Hence, cleaning the PV panels is a problem of great practical engineering interest in solar PV power generation. In this paper, the problem is reviewed and methods for dust removal are discussed. A portable robotic cleaning device is developed and features a versatile platform which travels the entire length of a panel. An Arduino microcontroller is used to implement the robot's control system. Initial testing of the robot has provided favorable results and shows that such a system is viable. Future improvements on the design are discussed, especially the different methods of transporting the robot from one panel to another. In conclusion, it is found that robotic cleaning solution is practical and can help in maintaining the clean PV panel efficiency.
Electrodeposition of Aluminum from the Aluminum Chloride‐1‐Methyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium Chloride Room Temperature Molten Salt + Benzene (1997)

The constant current electrodeposition of bulk aluminum on copper substrates was investigated in the Lewis acidic [> 50 mole percent (m/o) ] aluminum chloride‐1‐methyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium chloride room temperature molten salt (‐MeEtimCl). Although aluminum can be electroplated from the neat molten salt, we have found that the quality of the electrodeposit is greatly enhanced by the addition of benzene as a "cosolvent." Electrodeposits produced in such melts exhibited a grain size on the order of 5 to 15 μm. The lattice parameters of these electrodeposits were slightly smaller than the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) value; this was attributed to the presence of vacancies in the aluminum lattice that were present at concentrations ranging from about 0.1 to 0.5 atomic percent (a/o). The copper substrate was found to have a slight (311) texture as determined by x‐ray diffraction; however, all of the electrodeposits exhibited a preferred (220) crystallographic orientation with the intensity of the (311) reflection being equal to that of a randomly oriented sample. The (200) and (111) reflections were relatively weak. The relative intensity of the (220) reflection increased and those for the (311), (200), and (111) orientations decreased as the benzene concentration was increased. A Williamson‐Hall treatment indicated that microstrain in the electrodeposits was essentially nonexistent.
A novel multi-hypothesis tracking framework for lane recognition (2014)

In the lane marking perception domain, the trend goes to the direction to observe the courses of all lane markings present in an image. Conventional lane tracking systems usually track lane markings under the assumption, that they are parallel. While this model constraint can help to increase the robustness of the system in many situations, it will lead to tracking errors in situations, where the assumption does not hold. On the other hand, if each lane marking is tracked independently, as in normal multi-target tracking systems, the system gets more sensitive to noise, false detections and association errors. We propose a multi-lane tracking system, which maintains the robustness of a parallelism constraint, and also allows to track lane markings following different courses. A novel filter is introduced in this system, it models different lane courses and multiple lane marking offsets in one filter state. Then a multi hypothesis approach is used to assign lane markings to courses and helps to keep the filter robust by deferring the association decision. First results show that a joint estimation of the course assignment and filter variables give a good tracking performance even in challenging scenarios. At the same time the real time running ability is also evaluated.
Spectrotemporal modulation sensitivity for hearing-impaired listeners: Dependence on carrier center frequency and the relationship to speech intelligibility (2014)

Poor speech understanding in noise by hearing-impaired (HI) listeners is only partly explained by elevated audiometric thresholds. Suprathreshold-processing impairments such as reduced temporal or spectral resolution or temporal fine-structure (TFS) processing ability might also contribute. Although speech contains dynamic combinations of temporal and spectral modulation and TFS content, these capabilities are often treated separately. Modulation-depth detection thresholds for spectrotemporal modulation (STM) applied to octave-band noise were measured for normal-hearing and HI listeners as a function of temporal modulation rate (4-32 Hz), spectral ripple density [0.5-4 cycles/octave (c/o)] and carrier center frequency (500-4000 Hz). STM sensitivity was worse than normal for HI listeners only for a low-frequency carrier (1000 Hz) at low temporal modulation rates (4-12 Hz) and a spectral ripple density of 2 c/o, and for a high-frequency carrier (4000 Hz) at a high spectral ripple density (4 c/o). STM sensitivity for the 4-Hz, 4-c/o condition for a 4000-Hz carrier and for the 4-Hz, 2-c/o condition for a 1000-Hz carrier were correlated with speech-recognition performance in noise after partialling out the audiogram-based speech-intelligibility index. Poor speech-reception and STM-detection performance for HI listeners may be related to a combination of reduced frequency selectivity and a TFS-processing deficit limiting the ability to track spectral-peak movements.
PINIP based high-speed high-extinction ratio micron-size silicon electrooptic modulator (2007)

We propose an electrooptic device in silicon based on a p-i-n-i-p device structure for charge transport. The proposed device exhibits carrier injection time of 10 ps and extraction time of 15 ps enabling 100 GHz operation. When integrated into a resonator the proposed micron-size device operates at 40 Gb/s with 12 dB extinction ratio and 4fJ/bit/micron-length power dissipation, limited in speed only by the photon lifetime of the resonator.
Development of a 3-hydroxypropionate resistant<i>Escherichia coli</i>strain (2015)

3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) is an important platform chemical, and its biosynthesis is severely restricted by the toxicity of 3HP on cell growth and survival. To improve Escherichia coli resistance to 3HP and reduce the total production cost in industrial applications, we have identified variations in protein expression level exposed to sub-lethal concentration of this chemical using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Under 3HP stress, the amount of 46 proteins was increased while the amount of 23 proteins was reduced. According to the proteomic results, overexpression of some identified proteins significantly increased the E. coli survival rate under 3HP stress. This study shed light on clues for developing E. coli strains with higher resistance to 3HP toxicity and lower production cost for industrial applications.
Smart subtitles for language learning (2013)

Language learners often use subtitled videos to help them learn the language. However, standard subtitles are suboptimal for vocabulary acquisition, as translations are nonliteral and made at the phrase level, making it hard to find connections between the subtitle text and the words in the video. This paper presents Smart Subtitles, which are interactive subtitles tailored towards vocabulary acquisition. They provide features such as vocabulary definitions on hover, and dialog-based video navigation. Our user study shows that Chinese learners learn over twice as much vocabulary with Smart Subtitles than with dual Chinese-English subtitles, with similar levels of comprehension and enjoyment.
Infrared spectroscopy of collagen and collagen‐like polypeptides (1975)

Abstract The set of synthetic polytripeptides and polyhexapeptides which can adopt a triple‐helical form constitute a good model system for investigating collagen structure. Here we consider previous and new infrared spectroscopic studies on collagen and present the infrared spectra of a number of polymers with collagen‐like features. The amide A band position for all triple‐helical polypeptides is higher than that observed for most proteins and polypeptides, and this high frequency appears to be related to the degree of supercoiling of the triple helix. It is possible that with increased supercoiling of the three chains the angles between the groups involved in the intramolecular hydrogen bonds become less favorable, or these bonds may become unusually long. The frequency of the amide I band varies considerably for triple‐helical polypeptides with different amino acid sequences, and often minor bands are observed. This finding contrasts with the observations for polypeptides in a pleated sheet or α‐helical form, where the same amide I frequency is observed regardless of the amino acid composition. An explanation for this variation is proposed in terms of the hydrogen bonding properties of imino acids. Significant spectral changes in the amide I region are observed on hydration in the spectra of some triple‐helical polypeptides, but corresponding changes have not been found in the collagens examined.
Block Copolymer Synthesis by Styrene Polymerization Initiated with Nitroxy-Functionalized Polybutadiene (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTBlock Copolymer Synthesis by Styrene Polymerization Initiated with Nitroxy-Functionalized PolybutadieneSeiya Kobatake, H. James Harwood, Roderic P. Quirk, and Duane B. PriddyView Author Information Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909 Polystyrene R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48667 Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 11, 3735–3739Publication Date (Web):May 6, 1998Publication History Received12 December 1997Revised13 March 1998Published online6 May 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9718154https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9718154brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views481Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymerization,Copolymers,Functionalization,Polymers,Radical polymerization Get e-Alerts
Overcoming Challenging Substituent Perturbations with Multisite λ-Dynamics: A Case Study Targeting β-Secretase 1 (2019)

Alchemical free energy calculations have made a dramatic impact upon the field of structure-based drug design by allowing functional group modifications to be explored computationally prior to experimental synthesis and assay evaluation, thereby informing and directing synthetic strategies. In furthering the advancement of this area, a series of 21 β-secretase 1 (BACE1) inhibitors developed by Janssen Pharmaceuticals were examined to evaluate the ability to explore large substituent perturbations, some of which contain scaffold modifications, with multisite λ-dynamics (MSλD), an innovative alchemical free energy framework. Our findings indicate that MSλD is able to efficiently explore all structurally diverse ligand end-states <i>simultaneously</i> within a <i>single</i> MD simulation with a high degree of precision and with reduced computational costs compared to the widely used approach TI/MBAR. Furthermore, computational predictions were shown to be accurate to within 0.5-0.8 kcal/mol when CM1A partial atomic charges were combined with CHARMM or OPLS-AA-based force fields, demonstrating that MSλD is force field independent and a viable alternative to FEP or TI approaches for drug design.
Learning internal representations in the Coulomb energy network (1988)

The authors introduce a learning algorithm for the N-dimensional Coulomb network which is applicable to multilayer networks. The central idea is to define a potential energy of a collection of memory sites. Then each memory site is an attractor (or repeller) of other memory sites. With the proper definition of attractive and repulsive potentials between various memory sites, it is possible to minimize the energy of the collection of memories. The authors illustrate this procedure with the Coulomb potential and discuss a supervised learning algorithm using this method. This procedure may be applied to each layer of a multilayer network. The method does not depend on the propagation of error through all layers; thus the system is modular, with each layer trainable independently. Finally, this system is applied to a network which learns the binary mapping for XOR.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bite blocks and tongue injuries during motor evoke potential monitoring (2010)

Department of Anaesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, USA
<title>Nonmechanical beam steering using spatial multiplexing</title> (1997)

We have devised a nonmechanical beam-scanning system to subdivide a large field of regard into smaller fields of view and then to image these individual fields of view with high resolution. Selection of the individual fields of view is performed by spatially multiplexing the fields of view through an optical relay system onto a single camera. Selection of a particular field of view is accomplished by a series of ferroelectric liquid-crystal half-wave plates. We designed our beam-scanning system to cover a 3 degree multiplied by 12 degree field of regard in the mid-infrared waveband, and we built a proof-of-concept prototype to verify system performance. The prototype is a scalable building block that can be used to fabricate a two-dimensional system to scan a large field of regard at high resolution, low power, and high speed. We also describe how such a beam-scanning system can be combined with galvanometer-driven mirrors to produce a hybrid system that incorporates the advantages of both types of systems and minimizes the drawbacks of either system for very large fields of regard.