gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Flat Cylinder Theory for Vessel Impact and Steady Planing Resistance (1996)

This work has been motivated by the need for an alternative hydrodynamic theory to apply in analysis of impact loads on typical sections of vessels operating in waves, as well as for the closely analogous hydrodynamics of steady planing in calm water. A theory is needed which is computationally practical, but also physically sound, and incorporating the needed level of sensitivity to detail in the driving physical variables. A new theory believed to achieve this objective is proposed herewith. It can be viewed as a rational compromise between direct numerical inversion of the relatively exact governing equations, which is not presently possible to the needed level of generality, and the simple asymptotic theories evolved from the original work of Herbert Wagner (1932). The single solution field of the exact formulation is retained in the proposed theory; this is versus separate near and far fields of the asymptotic methods. The major reduction of the exact equations exercised here is the specification of uniform first-order geometric linearity; this is also an implicit characteristic of the Wagner class of asymptotic theories. All boundary conditions are satisfied on the horizontal axis in the limit of flatness. But the proposed theory retains the hydrodynamic nonlinearity of the exact formulation; the transverse flow perturbation is retained in the axis boundary conditions to consistent order. As contour flatness is approached and geometric linearity is more and more closely achieved, the transverse contour velocity becomes increasingly larger. The achievement of uniform geometric linearity in the flatness limit is therefore accompanied by uniform hydrodynamic nonlinearity. This is not recognized in the asymptotic theories, where the far field is linear both geometrically and hydrodynamically. The reduction of the exact formulation to an axis satisfaction of the boundary conditions allows much of the geometric inversion imbedded within the initial value problem to be performed analytically. Thus the outer numerical time integration of the system is in terms of stable algebraic formula, resulting in algorithms that are reliably computable on standard computing equipment. Discretization of the general theory for numerical analysis is proposed. The analysis procedure developed is applied to a number of cases of generalized flat cylinder impact. This is in the interest of demonstrating both its utility and its value in providing new insight into the very complex character of impact hydrodynamics.
Statistical Optimization of Lactic Acid Production by Lactobacillus pentosus using Hemicellulosic Hydrolysate from Sugarcane Bagasse (2018)

Lactic acid, traditionally obtained through fermentation processes, presents numerous applications in the chemical industry. Among these is the production of polymers, more specifically biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA). Development of processes that use low cost substrates, such as bioproduction of lactic acid, could improve the economic viability of bioprocesses. Thus, the present work reports investigation of hemicellulose hydrolysate from sugarcane bagasse as a sole carbon source for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus pentosus ATCC 8041. Initially, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with acid in a solid:liquid ratio of 1:2.8 (1 g of bagasse: 2.8 mL of sulfuric acid solution 1 % v/v) and at a temperature of 121°C for 27 minutes. Then, concentration of both the hemicellulose hydrolysate and the yeast extract in MRS medium were optimized usingResponse Surface Methodology through software STATISTICA 6.0. Once the optimal conditions (40 % of hemicellulose hydrolysate and 5 g/L of yeast extract) were validated, fermentations were carried out in anaerobic conditions at 37°C and 120 rpm. After 48h, 19.17 g/L of lactic acid were produced, corresponding to a volumetric productivity of 0.40 g/L.h1. Findings of this work demonstrate that hemicellulose hydrolysate from sugarcane bagasse is a promising carbon source for lactic acid production.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Dual‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Foams as Efficient Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reactions (2014)

Despite tremendous progress in developing doped carbocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the ORR activity of current metal-free carbocatalysts is still inferior to that of conventional Pt/C catalysts, especially in acidic media and neutral solution. Moreover, it also remains a challenge to develop an effective and scalable method for the synthesis of metal-free carbocatalysts. Herein, we have developed nitrogen and phosphorus dual-doped hierarchical porous carbon foams (HP-NPCs) as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for ORR. The HP-NPCs were prepared for the first time by copyrolyzing nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing precursors and poly(vinyl alcohol)/polystyrene (PVA/PS) hydrogel composites as in situ templates. Remarkably, the resulting HP-NPCs possess controllable nitrogen and phosphorus content, high surface area, and a hierarchical interconnected macro-/mesoporous structure. In studying the effects of the HP-NPCs on the ORR, we found that the as-prepared HP-NPC materials exhibited not only excellent catalytic activity for ORR in basic, neutral, and acidic media, but also much better tolerance for methanol oxidation and much higher stability than the commercial, state-of-the-art Pt/C catalysts. Because of all these outstanding features, it is expected that the HP-NPC material will be a very suitable catalyst for next-generation fuel cells and lithium-air batteries. In addition, the novel synthetic method described here might be extended to the preparation of many other kinds of hierarchical porous carbon materials or porous carbon that contains metal oxide for wide applications including energy storage, catalysis, and electrocatalysis.
An ADP‐Ribosylation‐Factor(ARF)‐Like Protein involved in Regulated Secretion (1997)

A rat ADP-ribosylation factor(ARF)-like protein named ARL184 was identified by cDNA cloning. The corresponding recombinant protein had an apparent molecular mass of 22,000. The deduced amino acid sequence had 55% identity with the human ARL1 and four functional GTP-binding sites. Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy studies showed that ARL184 was present in the cytosol as well as in the Golgi apparatus, raising the possibility that it has a role in a secretory pathway. The involvement of this ARF-like protein in secretion was confirmed by demonstrating that ARL184 potentiated acetylcholine release in stably transfected PC12 cells. Collectively these results suggest that this ARL protein is a component of a regulated secretory pathway involved in Ca2(+)-dependent release of acetylcholine.
Physical and Chemical Analytical Analysis: A key component of Bioforensics (2005)

The anthrax letters event of 2001 has raised our awareness of the potential importance of non-biological measurements on samples of biological agents used in a terrorism incident. Such measurements include a variety of mass spectral, spectroscopic, and other instrumental techniques that are part of the current armamentarium of the modern materials analysis or analytical chemistry laboratory. They can provide morphological, trace element, isotopic, and other molecular ''fingerprints'' of the agent that may be key pieces of evidence, supplementing that obtained from genetic analysis or other biological properties. The generation and interpretation of such data represents a new domain of forensic science, closely aligned with other areas of ''microbial forensics''. This paper describes some major elements of the R&D agenda that will define this sub-field in the immediate future and provide the foundations for a coherent national capability. Data from chemical and physical analysis of BW materials can be useful to an investigation of a bio-terror event in two ways. First, it can be used to compare evidence samples collected at different locations where such incidents have occurred (e.g. between the powders in the New York and Washington letters in the Amerithrax investigation) or between the attack samples and those seized during the investigation of sites where it is suspected the material was manufactured (if such samples exist). Matching of sample properties can help establish the relatedness of disparate incidents, and mis-matches might exclude certain scenarios, or signify a more complex etiology of the events under investigation. Chemical and morphological analysis for sample matching has a long history in forensics, and is likely to be acceptable in principle in court, assuming that match criteria are well defined and derived from known limits of precision of the measurement techniques in question. Thus, apart from certain operational issues (such as how to prioritize such measurements in the face of limited sample availability, or how to render samples safe for handling in the analytical laboratory,) instrumental analysis of biological agents for purposes of sample matching alone is unlikely to present fundamental problems that require extensive research and development investments. The second way that the data generated by instrumental analysis can be useful to an investigation is through inferences that can be drawn regarding the processes used to grow and ''weaponize'' the agent. In contrast to the case of sample matching, there are significant R&D challenges associated with developing a robust capability that will reliably permit such inferential uses of instrumental data. Elaborating these challenges occupies the major portion of this paper.
Increased Turbulent Jet Mixing Rates Obtained by Self-Excited Acoustic Oscillations (1977)

A new device, capable of greatly increasing subsonic jet mixing rates, has been discovered. This device, which we have named the “whistler nozzle,” consists of a convergent nozzle section, a constant area section, and a step change to an exit section with a larger constant area. The exit section excites a standing acoustic wave in the constant area section, in a way similar to the action of an organ pipe. The result of this resonance is a loud pure tone and a greatly increased rate of jet mixing. The increased mixing rates appear related to the acoustically stimulated vortex shedding character (large scale structure or superturbulence) observed by Crow and Champagne [1] in their pioneering study of jets excited by a loudspeaker, and others utilizing upstream valves and pistons, except that the whistler nozzle is self-excited. The standing wave and the resulting increased mixing rates occur for a wide range of exit plane configurations and jet parameters.
The Analysis of a Case of Cross-Sterility in Maize (1950)

Emotions coordinate our behavior and physiological states during survival-salient events and pleasurable interactions. Even though we are often consciously aware of our current emotional state, such as anger or happiness, the mechanisms giving ...Emotions are often felt in the body, and somatosensory feedback has been proposed to trigger conscious emotional experiences. Here we reveal maps of bodily sensations associated with different emotions using a unique topographical self-report method. In ...
Correlated power noise generator as a low cost DPA countermeasures to secure hardware AES cipher (2009)

To secure cryptography hardware implementation many works are focusing on side-channels attacks. For such attacks, several different countermeasures can be done at different levels abstraction. But all published countermeasures lead to a significant area and power consumption overhead. In this paper, we present a new countermeasure against DPA attack which also leads to very small implementation compared to existing countermeasures such as the most used: masking schemes. The proposed approach is to use a correlated power noise generator to removes the design power correlation with the secret key. Its efficiency is proved with a practical DPA attack realization on Actel Fusion FLASH FPGA and Xilinx Virtex 4 SRAM FPGA. With the proposed countermeasures, the full 128-bits AES implementation on Xilinx Virtex 4 has a smaller area overhead (12.78 times less) than masking scheme countermeasures.
Automatic alignment system based on center point recognition of analog measuring instruments dial (2013)

This paper casts the problem of the automatic alignment in analog measuring instruments automatic calibration system via center point recognition of dial using total least squares. Random points on the dial contour are selected to establish set of equations, and the coordinate of center point of dial can be obtained by solving system of equations with total least squares. With the coordinate, the movable supporting point on the support frame can be automatically adjusted in vertical direction to the position where the optical axis of camera has same height with the center point. Then, by using the dial contours as a benchmark, the movable supporting point is automatically adjusted in anterior-posterior direction to make the image collected by camera be filled with the dial as possible. SCM (single-chip microcontroller) is used in the acceleration and deceleration of stepping motor discrete control. The experiment results show that the camera can be adjusted to the expected position by this approach accurately and quickly and the system can achieve a better image collection effect.
Cryptanalysis of Lin et al.'s Efficient Block-Cipher-Based Hash Function (2010)

Hash functions are widely used in authentication. In this paper, the security of Lin et al.'s efficient block-cipher-based hash function is reviewed. By using Joux's multicollisions and Kelsey et al.'s expandable message techniques, we find the scheme is vulnerable to collision, preimage and second preimage attacks. Some modifications are recommended to avoid those security flaws in Lin et al.'s hash construction.
Purification and characterization of two distinct complexes of assembly polypeptides from calf brain coated vesicles that differ in their polypeptide composition and kinase activities. (1987)

The binding and assembly of clathrin triskelions on vesicle membranes seem to be mediated by certain assembly polypeptides (Keen, J.H., Willingham, M.C., and Pastau, I.H. (1979) Cell 16, 303-312). These assembly polypeptides were further purified into two distinct complexes using hydroxylapatite chromatography. Peak 1 consists of two major bands of 98 and 112 kDa, two minor bands of 103 and 118 kDa, and a polypeptide of 46 kDa. Peak 2 consists of one major band of 100 kDa, two minor bands of 103 and 115 kDa, and a polypeptide of 50 kDa. Both complexes have a native molecular mass of 290 kDa as determined by gel filtration. Each 290-kDa complex contains two polypeptides of 98-118/100-115 kDa and two polypeptides of 46/50 kDa. The 46-kDa polypeptide is not phosphorylated, whereas the 50-kDa polypeptide is. Both peaks contain 50-kDa kinase-like activity. Time courses of the 50-kDa phosphorylation show that the activity in peak 1 saturates much faster than the activity in peak 2; there may be two 50-kDa kinase activities in coated vesicles. A kinase that phosphorylates the polypeptides in 98-118-kDa group is present in peak 1 but not in peak 2. Both peaks assemble clathrin triskelions into cages under conditions in which the clathrin alone would not assemble. Both rotary shadowed and negatively stained preparations of these reassembled cages as well as the purified complexes were examined by electron microscopy. Thus, two complexes have been identified that differ in their polypeptide composition and kinase activities, but are similar in their ability to assemble clathrin triskelions into cages.
Linear and Nonlinear Viscoelasticity of Entangled Multiarm (Pom-Pom) Polymer Liquids (2004)

Stress relaxation dynamics of entangled long-chain branched (LCB) polymers are investigated in small-amplitude oscillatory shear and following nonlinear step shear using model A3AA3 multiarm (pom-pom) polymer liquids. A well-characterized multiarm 1,4-polybutadiene melt and its entangled solutions/blends with an unentangled linear 1,4-polybutadiene are the main focus of this study. Relaxation dynamics of multiarm polymers in oscillatory shear are found to be qualitatively similar to predictions of a recent theory for H-shaped polymers based on the tube model. On time scales longer than the relaxation time of the A arms, however, we find that relaxation dynamics of the multiarm polymer backbone A are more complex than predicted by this theory. Specifically, the backbone dynamics appear to be dominated by diffusive motion of the branch point in its original (undilated tube). This finding is inconsistent with expectations from theories based on the dynamic dilution ansatz. Stress relaxation dynamics of entangled A3AA3 polymers following nonlinear step shear are, paradoxically, simpler. For all polymers studied the nonlinear shear relaxation modulus G(γ,t) ≡ σxy(γ,t)/γ is factorable into separate time-dependent (G(t)) and strain-dependent (h(γ)) functions. In every case, factorability is observed at times beyond a characteristic separability time t = λk that is comparable to the terminal relaxation time of the polymer. λk is also found to manifest a similar dependence on polymer solution concentration as the terminal time. At low shear strains (γ < γc ≈ 5.5) and for t ≪ λk, the shear damping function of all A3AA3 liquids is less strain softening than h(γ) predicted by the Doi−Edwards theory. For higher shear strains and t ≪ λk, multiarm solutions with more than three entanglements per arm manifest a transition to more strain softening, Doi−Edwards-like, damping behavior. The strain γc at the transition is a weak function of t and is close to the theoretical estimate for branch point withdrawal in entangled A3AA3 molecules. At longer times (t ≥ λk), no transition is observed, and the damping function is in fair accord with the Doi−Edwards theoretical prediction for entangled linear polymers over the entire range of shear strains studied. h(γ) for multiarm polymer solutions with less than three entanglements per arm do not change slope at the critical strain and are quite similar to the damping function of entangled linear polymer solutions.
A GMPLS/OBS network architecture enabling QoS-aware end-to-end burst transport (2011)

This paper introduces a Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)-enabled Optical Burst Switched (OBS) network architecture featuring end-to-end QoS-aware burst transport services. The proposed GMPLS/OBS architecture guarantees specific burst loss probability requirements, independently of the offered network load. This is achieved through the configuration of burst Label Switched Paths (LSPs) over the network which are set-up at the GMPLS control plane level only, while it is the OBS node controller the responsible for eventually committing data plane resources upon burst arrival. In such a way, statistical multiplexing feature is preserved and, at the same time, the end-user QoS demands are met by tightly dimensioning the LSPs. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is devised to provide the optimal burst LSPs dimensioning according to the offered network load and QoS requirements. Moreover, GMPLS-driven capacity reconfigurations are dynamically triggered whenever unfavorable network conditions are detected. The performance of the proposed architecture is extensively assessed on several network scenarios. Future work on the topic is finally outlined.
Communications - Ortho Alkylation of Aniline with Styrene (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCommunications - Ortho Alkylation of Aniline with StyreneHarold HartHarold HartMore by Harold Hart and John KosakJohn KosakMore by John KosakCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 12, 1752Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Published online9 April 2003Published inissue 1 December 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01363a646RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (152 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Pragmatic Integration of an SRAM Row Cache in Heterogeneous 3-D DRAM Architecture Using TSV (2011)

As scaling DRAM cells becomes more challenging and energy-efficient DRAM chips are in high demand, the DRAM industry has started to undertake an alternative approach to address these looming issues-that is, to vertically stack DRAM dies with through-silicon-vias (TSVs) using 3-D-IC technology. Furthermore, this emerging integration technology also makes heterogeneous die stacking in one DRAM package possible. Such a heterogeneous DRAM chip provides a unique, promising opportunity for computer architects to contemplate a new memory hierarchy for future system design. In this paper, we study how to design such a heterogeneous DRAM chip for improving both performance and energy efficiency. In particular, we found that, if we want to design an SRAM row cache in a DRAM chip, simple stacking alone cannot address the majority of traditional SRAM row cache design issues. In this paper, to address these issues, we propose a novel floorplan and several architectural techniques that fully exploit the benefits of 3-D stacking technology. Our multi-core simulation results with memory-intensive applications suggest that, by tightly integrating a small row cache with its corresponding DRAM array, we can improve performance by 30% while saving dynamic energy by 31%.
Modulation of Protein C Inhibitor Activity by Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein and Platelet Factor 4: Role of Zinc and Calcium Ions in the Heparin-Neutralizing Ability of Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein (1992)

Effects of zinc and calcium ions on the heparin-neutralizing abilities of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) were examined. Both HRG and PF4 effectively neutralized the ability of heparin to accelerate the activated protein C (APC) and the thrombin inhibitions by protein C inhibitor (PCI). the heparin-neutralizing ability of HRG in the APC inhibition by PCI, however, was decreased in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and apparently lost at 1 mM Ca2+, while it was enhanced by Zn2+ regardless of the presence or absence of Ca2+. The heparin-neutralizing ability of HRG in the thrombin inhibition by PCI was not affected by Ca2+. In contrast to HRG, there was no significant difference in the heparin-neutralizing ability of PF4 in the presence or absence of 1 mM Ca2+. These results strongly suggest additional physiological functions of HRG and PF4 as modulators of PCI.