gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T Cell-Derived Antigen Binding Molecules Play a Role in the Induction of Airway Hyperresponsiveness (1994)

We previously demonstrated that tracheal hyperreactivity (in vitro) and altered lung functions (in vivo) were induced during a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in murine lungs. These alterations were transferable with T cells, suggesting that this animal model could be used as a model for cellular IgE-independent immunity. In the present study we demonstrated that depletion of T suppressor/cytotoxic cells failed to abolish the ability of transferred cells to induce hyperresponsiveness. Depletion of T helper cells partially inhibited the induction of hyperreactivity. Depletion of 14-30+ cells (the monoclonal antibody 14-30 reacts with a common isotype of T cell-derived antigen binding molecules [TABM] that can arm mast cells) completely abolished the ability to transfer hyperreactivity. The cromoglycate-like antiasthmatic drug nedocromil, which stabilizes mast cells, inhibited the induction of T cell-mediated hyperresponsiveness. Moreover, in mast cell-deficient mice, T cell-mediated hyperresponsiveness can be less induced compared with normal littermates. These experiments indicate that mast cells play at least a partial role in the induction of airway hyperresponsiveness in this model. Dexamethasone, a well-known inhibitor of phospholipase A2, inhibited the T cell-mediated hyperresponsiveness, whereas the cyclooxygenase inhibitor suprofen did not. This indicated that arachidonic acid metabolites, but not cyclooxygenase products, play a role in the induction of T cell-mediated hyperreactivity. Pretreatment with the lipoxygenase inhibitor AA-861 significantly inhibited the induction of tracheal hyperreactivity. Platelet-activating factor appeared not to be involved in the induction of hyperresponsiveness in this model, because the platelet-activating factor antagonist WEB 2170 failed to abolish the induction of T cell-mediated hyperreactivity. Intravenous injection of purified mast cell-arming TABM, followed by intranasal hapten challenge 30 min later, resulted in increased vascular permeability 2 h after challenge, which is characteristic of the early initiating phase of DTH. In addition, tracheal hyperreactivity (in vitro) and altered lung functions (in vivo) were observed 2 h after challenge. From these data we conclude that airway hyperreactivity and altered lung functions are induced by early steps in the cellular cascade of DTH.
Two-phase anaerobic digestion of three different dairy effluents using a hybrid bioreactor (1997)

The South African dairy industry is a major water user and as a result has to reconsider current effluent treatment and disposal methods. The effluents from three dairy factories (cheese, fresh milk and milk powder/butter factories) were analysed and the chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH and effluent volumes were found to be highly variable over short time intervals during the daily production cycles. The pH was found to vary between 2.2 and 11.8 units and the COD values ranged from 800 to 15 000 mgt 1 over a period of 2 h. The average COD of the effluents emerging from the three factories varied between 1 908 and 5 340 mg.t 1 . Significant differences were also found in the composition of the effluents from the three factories. In this study, a mesophilic laboratory-scale hybrid bioreactor was used in conjunction with a pre-acidification step to treat the three dairy factory effluents. It was clear from the data obtained on the cheese, fresh milk and milk powder/butter waste waters that dairy effluents are suitable for treatment by means of the anaerobic digestion process and the use of a hybrid anaerobic bioreactor can be seen as a viable treatment option. The COD values of the three pre-digested dairy waste waters were reduced by between 91 and 97% at organic loading rates of between 0.97 and 2.82 kgCOD.m 3 .d -1 and subsequent methane yields varied from 0.287 to 0.359 m 3 CH 4 .kg -1 COD removed (73 and 91% of the theoretical maximum yield) during anaerobic digestion. The pH values of all the digester effluents were >7.5 units. The data clearly indicated that anaerobic treatment of the different dairy effluents was successful and that this particular type of bioreactor would be suitable for the anaerobic treatment of dairy effluents. An important consequence of the data from this study is that a two-phase set-up will be required to protect the methanogens in the bioreactor from prohibitively low pH values and high VFA concentrations produced during the acidogenic phase. The two-phase system will allow pH control in the acidogenic phase should it be needed in a full-scale or pilot-scale treatment plant.
Stability of C3 Convertase in the Rat Classical Complement Pathway (1997)

It has been reported that rat serum complement causes efficient hemolysis of antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes (EA) at 20 C but not at 37 C. In connection with this, we demonstrated that C3 convertase of rat complement was significantly unstable at 37 C using purified components of rat complement.
Towards Moment Imagery: Automatic Cinemagraphs. (2011)

The imagination of the online photographic community has recently been sparked by so-called cinema graphs: short, seamlessly looping animated GIF images created from video in which only parts of the image move. These cinema graphs capture the dynamics of one particular region in an image for dramatic effect, and provide the creator with control over what part of a moment to capture. We create a cinema graphs authoring tool combining video motion stabilisation, segmentation, interactive motion selection, motion loop detection and selection, and cinema graph rendering. Our work pushes toward the easy and versatile creation of moments that cannot be represented with still imagery. © 2011 IEEE.
GPRS: Gateway to Third Generation Mobile Networks (2003)

An Introduction to GSM and TDMA. Data Transmission Protocols. An Introduction to GPRS. The Air-Interface in GPRS. The Terrestrial Interface in GPRS. Alternatives to GPRS. Protocol Scenarios in GPRS and HSCSD.
Optimization of Polyaluminum Chloride-Chitosan Flocculant for Treating Pig Biogas Slurry Using the Box–Behnken Response Surface Method (2019)

Flocculation can remove large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, and the resulting nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich floc can be used to produce organic fertilizer. For biogas slurries containing high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, ordinary flocculants can no longer meet the flocculation requirements. In this study, to fully utilize the advantages of the two flocculants and achieve efficient removal rates of nitrogen and phosphorus from a biogas slurry, chitosan (CTS) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used as a composite flocculation agent to flocculate pig biogas slurries. The response surface method was used to study the effect of PAC added (PAC<sub>added</sub>) to the composite flocculant (CF), composite flocculant added (CF<sub>added</sub>) to the biogas slurry and the pH on flocculation performance, and optimize these three parameters. In the tests, when the PAC<sub>added</sub> was 6.79 g·100 mL<sup>-1</sup><sub>CF</sub>, the CF<sub>added</sub> was 20.05 mL·L<sup>-1</sup> biogas slurry and the pH was 7.50, the flocculation performance was the best, with an absorbance of 0.132 at a wavelength of 420 nm. The total phosphorus (TP) concentration was reduced from 214.10 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> to 1.38 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> for a removal rate of 99.4%. The total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration was reduced from 1568.25 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> to 150.27 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> for a removal rate of 90.4%. The results showed that the CF could form larger flocs, and had greater adsorption capacity and more stable flocculation performance than ordinary flocculants. Furthermore, the CF could exhibit better chelation, electrical neutralization and bridge adsorption.
HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTE-RECONSTITUTED SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENT MOUSE (1997)

Human peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL)-reconstituted severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (Hu-PBL-SCID) were used as a model to study xenograft rejection in humans. SCID mice were reconstituted with human PBL using a protocol that included a booster injection with anti-human CD3 antibody-primed cells. This protocol enhanced chimera establishment in SCID mice and resulted in the detection of higher levels of human Ig when compared with SCID mice receiving unprimed PBL alone. Human xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNA), both IgM and IgG subtypes, which recognized porcine islets (PI), were detected in sera of Hu-PBL-SCID by cytofluorometric analysis. Pretreatment of porcine cells with GS-IB4 lectin inhibited the XNA binding, demonstrating the specificity of the XNA from Hu-PBL-SCID. Western blot analysis showed that XNA from normal human serum and Hu-PBL-SCID serum recognized similar xenoantigens on PI, indicating that Hu-PBL-SCID contained a XNA repertoire representative of normal human serum. Immunofluorescent staining of the tissue sections revealed that both human IgG and IgM bound in vivo to the PI engrafted beneath the kidney capsule of Hu-PBL-SCID. In addition, mouse complement (C3) was detected on xenografted PI. The function of xenografted islets were monitored by measuring porcine insulin concentration using a radioimmunoassay. Porcine insulin concentration in the sera of both Hu-PBL-SCID and plain SCID xenografted with PI was similar for up to 14 days after transplantation, after which the insulin levels in Hu-PBL-SCID decreased, thereby indicating rejection. Therefore, PI transplanted into the Hu-PBL-SCID should be a useful model for the study of cellular as well as acquired humoral immune response against xenoislets.
Necrotizing meningoencephalitis of Pug Dogs associates with dog leukocyte antigen class II and resembles acute variant forms of multiple sclerosis (2010)

Necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) is a disorder of Pug Dogs that appears to have an immune etiology and high heritability based on population studies. The present study was undertaken to identify a genetic basis for the disease. A genome-wide association scan with single tandem repeat (STR) markers showed a single strong association near the dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) complex on CFA12. Fine resolution mapping with 27 STR markers on CFA12 further narrowed association to the region containing DLA-DRB1, -DQA1 and, -DQB1 genes. Sequencing confirmed that affected dogs were more likely to be homozygous for specific alleles at each locus and that these alleles were linked, forming a single high risk haplotype. The strong DLA class II association of NME in Pug Dogs resembles that of human multiple sclerosis (MS). Like MS, NME appears to have an autoimmune basis, involves genetic and nongenetic factors, has a relatively low incidence, is more frequent in females than males, and is associated with a vascularly orientated nonsuppurative inflammation. However, NME of Pug Dogs is more aggressive in disease course than classical human MS, appears to be relatively earlier in onset, and involves necrosis rather than demyelination as the central pathobiologic feature. Thus, Pug Dog encephalitis (PDE) shares clinical features with the less common acute variant forms of MS. Accordingly, NME of Pug Dogs may represent a naturally occurring canine model of certain idiopathic inflammatory disorders of the human central nervous system.
Tissue multifractality and hidden Markov model based integrated framework for optimum precancer detection (2017)

We report the application of a hidden Markov model (HMM) on multifractal tissue optical properties derived via the Born approximation-based inverse light scattering method for effective discrimination of precancerous human cervical tissue sites from the normal ones. Two global fractal parameters, generalized Hurst exponent and the corresponding singularity spectrum width, computed by multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA), are used here as potential biomarkers. We develop a methodology that makes use of these multifractal parameters by integrating with different statistical classifiers like the HMM and support vector machine (SVM). It is shown that the MFDFA-HMM integrated model achieves significantly better discrimination between normal and different grades of cancer as compared to the MFDFA-SVM integrated model.
Just-in-time staging of large input data for supercomputing jobs (2008)

High performance computing is facing a data deluge from state-of-the-art colliders and observatories. Large data-sets from these facilities, and other end-user sites, are often inputs to intensive analyses on modern supercomputers. Timely staging in of input data at the supercomputer's local storage can not only optimize space usage, but also protect against delays due to storage system failures. To this end, we propose a just-in-time staging framework that uses a combination of batch-queue predictions, user-specified intermediate nodes, and decentralized data delivery to coincide input data staging with job startup. Our preliminary prototype has been integrated with widely used tools such as the PBS job submission system, BitTorrent data delivery, and Network Weather Service network monitoring facility.
Physicochemical Properties of Protein‐Coated Gold Nanoparticles in Biological Fluids and Cells before and after Proteolytic Digestion (2013)

What's going on in there?! Little is known about the fate of nanoparticles (NPs) after their internalization by cells and organisms. Protein-coated gold NPs were used to study the physicochemical properties of NPs in extra- and intracellular fluids. These potential vehicles for enzymatic drug delivery were highly stable at pH 7.4 in the presence of salts and free proteins, but agglomerated reversibly under acidic conditions (see picture). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Quantifying Statistical Interdependence by Message Passing on Graphs—Part I: One-Dimensional Point Processes (2009)

We present a novel approach to quantify the statistical interdependence of two time series, referred to as stochastic event synchrony (SES). The first step is to extract the two given time series. The next step is to try to align events from one time series with events from the other. The better the alignment the more similar the two series are considered to be. More precisely, the similarity is quantified by the following parameters: time delay, variance of the time jitter, fraction of noncoincident events, and average similarity of the aligned events. The pairwise alignment and SES parameters are determined by statistical inference. In particular, the SES parameters are computed by maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation, and the pairwise alignment is obtained by applying the max product algorithm. This letter deals with one-dimensional point processes; the extension to multidimensional point processes is considered in a companion letter in this issue. By analyzing surrogate data, we demonstrate that SES is able to quantify both timing precision and event reliability more robustly than classical measures can. As an illustration, neuronal spike data generated by Morris-Lecar neuron model are considered.
The Mutation-Associated Neoantigen Functional Expansion of Specific T Cells (MANAFEST) Assay: A Sensitive Platform for Monitoring Antitumor Immunity (2018)

Mutation-associated neoantigens (MANA) are a target of antitumor T-cell immunity. Sensitive, simple, and standardized assays are needed to assess the repertoire of functional MANA-specific T cells in oncology. Assays analyzing <i>in vitro</i> cytokine production such as ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining have been useful but have limited sensitivity in assessing tumor-specific T-cell responses and do not analyze antigen-specific T-cell repertoires. The FEST (Functional Expansion of Specific T cells) assay described herein integrates T-cell receptor sequencing of short-term, peptide-stimulated cultures with a bioinformatic platform to identify antigen-specific clonotypic amplifications. This assay can be adapted for all types of antigens, including MANAs via tumor exome-guided prediction of MANAs. Following <i>in vitro</i> identification by the MANAFEST assay, the MANA-specific CDR3 sequence can be used as a molecular barcode to detect and monitor the dynamics of these clonotypes in blood, tumor, and normal tissue of patients receiving immunotherapy. MANAFEST is compatible with high-throughput routine clinical and lab practices. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 6(8); 888-99. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Comparison of Clinical Trials and Administrative Claims to Identify Stroke Among Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement (2019)

In linked clinical trial and Medicare claims data, 4 <i>International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification</i> and 3 <i>International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification</i> billing codes identified half of trial-adjudicated CVEs during follow-up with high specificity and predictive value, but imperfect sensitivity. Although low sensitivity may limit the use of claims to substitute for traditional trial outcomes to identify CVEs, high specificity suggests claims could be used to trigger evaluation of neurological events, potentially improving the efficiency of the evaluation of techniques and devices designed to reduce such events.
A two‐component high‐affinity nitrate uptake system in barley (2004)

The analysis of genome databases for many different plants has identified a group of genes that are related to one part of a two-component nitrate transport system found in algae. Earlier work using mutants and heterologous expression has shown that a high-affinity nitrate transport system from the unicellular green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii required two gene products for function. One gene encoded a typical carrier-type structure with 12 putative trans-membrane (TM) domains and the other gene, nar2 encoded a much smaller protein that had only one TM domain. As both gene families occur in plants we investigated whether this transport model has more general relevance among plants. The screening for nitrate transporter activity was greatly helped by a novel assay using (15)N-enriched nitrate uptake into Xenopus oocytes expressing the proteins. This assay enables many oocytes to be rapidly screened for nitrate transport activity. The functional activity of a barley nitrate transporter, HvNRT2.1, in oocytes required co-injection of a second mRNA. Although three very closely related nar2-like genes were cloned from barley, only one of these was able to give functional nitrate transport when co-injected into oocytes. The nitrate transport performed by this two-gene system was inhibited at more acidic external pH and by acidification of the cytoplasm. This specific requirement for two-gene products to give nitrate transport function has important implications for attempts to genetically manipulate this fundamental process in plants.
Superconductivity in Layered Structure Organometallic Crystals (1970)

Superconductivity persists in several, layered, transition metal dichalcogenide superconductors when the layers are spread apart to accommodate organic molecules between them. These materials are of interest not only because of their two-dimensional character but also because they may provide a means for examining hypotheses regarding organic molecules and superconductivity.
Non-genetic Purification of Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells through Molecular Beacons Targeting IRX-4 (2015)

Isolation of ventricular cardiomyocytes (vCMs) has been challenging due to the lack of specific surface markers. Here we show that vCMs can be purified from differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) using molecular beacons (MBs) targeting specific intracellular mRNAs. We designed MBs (IRX4 MBs) to target mRNA encoding Iroquois homeobox protein 4 (Irx4), a transcription factor specific for vCMs. To purify mESC vCMs, IRX4 MBs were delivered into cardiomyogenically differentiating mESCs, and IRX4 MBs-positive cells were FACS-sorted. We found that, of the cells isolated, ~98% displayed vCM-like action potentials by electrophysiological analyses. These MB-purified vCMs continuously maintained their CM characteristics as verified by spontaneous beating, Ca(2+) transient, and expression of vCM-specific proteins. Our study shows the feasibility of isolating pure vCMs via cell sorting without modifying host genes. The homogeneous and functional ventricular CMs generated via the MB-based method can be useful for disease investigation, drug discovery, and cell-based therapies.
Pertussis vaccines: trials (and tribulations) (1988)

THE LARGE SWEDISH field trial of two acellular pertussis vaccines has not shown levels of efficacy high enough to make either vaccine a likely candidate for immediate licensure in the United States. At the same time, the trial produced evidence from follow-up studies of the disease among both vaccinees and the placebo controls that the vaccines do offer some protection against the disease. These are the essential findings from first analysis of data becoming available from this much-discussed trial. They were reported in recent weeks at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. There was an earlier review in Stockholm, and a preliminary report will appear in<i>The Lancet</i>. The trial was an international collaborative effort between the National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm; Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan; Japanese National Institute of Health; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research,
A low-power programmable low-pass switched capacitor filter using double sampling technique (2005)

A fifth order low-pass Chebyshev II filter with cascaded biquad realization has been designed which is digitally programmable with variable-rate (three lower cut-off frequency fc=8, 12, 20 MHz). Using very useful high frequency techniques such as double sampling scheme (DSS) and differencing-input SC integrators, the sampling frequency of designed filter is up to fs=103.68 MHz (fs=2fclk=103.68 MHz) with a SFDR=68 dB and THD=62 dB. The attenuation of filter is more than 30 dB at 1.5 f/sub c/ and more than 40 dB at 1.75 f/sub c/, respectively. Input and output swing of the filter is 1.6 Vpp with 3 V supply in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology consuming approximately 45 mW power in the worst power case.