gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of fingerprint location algorithm based on WiFi technology for indoor localization (2014)

At outdoor environment, GPS can provide accurate location services. But at indoor environment, it can not. In order to realize accurate positioning indoor, we propose a fingerprint localization algorithm based on WiFi in this paper. In the process of our research, we will divide the indoor environment that need provide accurate location services into a certain scale of virtual grid, and tag each vertex with the physical coordinates. Then use multiple wireless router indoor as WIFI signal source, and use smart phones as the target node. Sample more groups of WiFi signal strength values from each grid vertex, then the value and the physical coordinates form a position fingerprint database. In the process of localization, multiple WiFi signal strength value detected by the target node will be matched with the position fingerprint database to find out a grid vertex most closest to the target node, and regard the physical coordinates of the grid vertex as the final location information of the target node. In order to improve the positioning accuracy of the algorithm, we put the WiFi signal received by the target node into a filter, and use the least square method for error correction when calculating coordinates of the target node. Lastly, we did an experiment on the specific scenes.The experimental results show that the positioning error of fingerprint positioning algorithm based on WiFi is under the meter level at indoor environment, and the positioning accuracy can better meet the needs of business location services.
Effects of $\hbox{N}_{2}$ Plasma Pretreatment on the SiN Passivation of AlGaN/GaN HEMT (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The impact of <emphasis emphasistype="italic">in situ</emphasis> low-power <formula formulatype="inline"><tex> $\hbox{N}_{2}$</tex></formula> plasma pretreatment, prior to silicon-nitride (SiN) deposition, was investigated in AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). These studies reveal that the use of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{N}_{2}$</tex></formula> plasma in HEMT passivation reduces current-collapse and gate-lag effects. Such treatment is also beneficial to improve gate leakage, and from RF measurements, no degradation of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$f_{\max}$</tex></formula> was observed. These beneficial effects of the <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{N}_{2}$</tex></formula> plasma pretreatment seem to be due to a significant reduction in interface charge density, as shown in this letter using GaN MIS devices, where a decrease of 60% was observed. </para>
Observation of modal noise in single-mode-fibre transmission systems (1985)

Modal noise has been observed in overmoded short fibre sections and transmitter pigtails resulting in performance degradation in a single-mode-fibre transmission system. The power penalty becomes negligible when the fibre is sufficiently long or is deployed with a bend to sufficiently attenuate the LP11 mode.
A Study on Optical Wireless Train Communication System using Mobile Object Tracking Technique (2008)

In this paper, we propose a new ground-to-train communication system using mobile object tracking technique thinking that can realize enough transmission speed on the moving train. Based on the field experiments, we report our proposed system's effectiveness as the new high-speed ground-to-train communication system. We also propose the tracking control algorithm of beacon light using the wide-angle lens and the telephoto lens. This algorithm is used for mobile object's position acquisition in the proposed system. The wide-angle lens is used for acquiring the beacon light, and the telephoto lens is used for tracking the beacon light.
Numerical and experimental studies of pellicle-induced photomask distortions (2002)

Meeting the stringent error budget of 157-nm lithography for manufacturing devices in the sub-100 nm regime requires that all mask-related distortions be minimized, corrected, or eliminated. Sources include the pellicle system, which has been previously identified as a potential cause of image placement error. To characterize pellicle-induced distortions, finite element (FE) models have been developed to simulate system fabrication, including soft pellicles as well as prototype fused silica (hard) pellicles. The main sources of distortions are: (a) temperature variations, (b) initially distorted components, and (c) sag-induced refraction. Temperature variations are an issue if pellicle mounting and exposure take place at different temperatures. Sources of attachment-induced distortions include the initial frame curvature, initial reticle shape, attachment method (mounting tools-induced), frame and gasket materials, and the hard pellicle bow. These attachment-induced distortions were modeled using experimentally measured values of Young's modulus for adhesive gaskets. Refraction aberration is an issue with bowed hard pellicles which act as optical elements and induce image degradation. These effects were assessed and found to be significant. Results from the experiments and comprehensive FE simulations have characterized the relative importance of the principal sources of pellicle-induced photomask distortions for 157-nm lithography.
A lightweight authentication protocol for access control in IEEE 802.11 (2004)

Wireless networks are becoming very popular and the IEEE 802.11 devices are widely used everywhere nowadays. New concerns are raised when it comes to wireless security. Since the current security scheme in IEEE 802.11 namely wired equivalent privacy (WEP) is known to be quite insecure, virtual private network (VPN) is used to solve the security problems in wireless networks. However, the use of both WEP and VPN causes authentication redundancy at the mobile hosts. This paper proposes a novel lightweight authentication protocol, consisting of a lightweight synchronization algorithm and a statistical scheme. A complete analysis, detailed implementation issues and evaluation for the authentication protocol are included in the paper.
Ephrin-A1 Induces c-Cbl Phosphorylation and EphA Receptor Down-Regulation in T Cells (2003)

Eph receptor tyrosine kinases are expressed by T lineage cells, and stimulation with their ligands, the ephrins, has recently been shown to modulate T cell behavior. We show that ephrin-A1 stimulation of Jurkat T cells induces tyrosine phosphorylation of EphA3 receptors and cytoplasmic proteins, including the c-cbl proto-oncogene. Cbl phosphorylation was also observed in peripheral blood T cells. In contrast, stimulation of Jurkat cells with the EphB receptor ligand ephrin-B1 does not cause Cbl phosphorylation. EphA activation also induced Cbl association with Crk-L and Crk-II adapters, but not the related Grb2 protein. Induction of Cbl phosphorylation upon EphA activation appeared to be dependent upon Src family kinase activity, as Cbl phosphorylation was selectively abrogated by the Src family inhibitor 4-amino-5(4-chlorophenyl-7-(tert-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, while EphA phosphorylation was unimpaired. Ephrin-A1 stimulation of Jurkat cells was also found to cause down-regulation of endogenous EphA3 receptors from the cell surface and their degradation. In accordance with the role of Cbl as a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinases, overexpression of wild-type Cbl, but not its 70-Z mutant, was found to down-regulate EphA receptor expression. Receptor down-regulation could also be inhibited by blockage of Src family kinase activity. Our findings show that EphA receptors can actively signal in T cells, and that Cbl performs multiple roles in this signaling pathway, functioning to transduce signals from the receptors as well as regulating activated EphA receptor expression.
Effect of Oxide Precipitate Size on Slip Generation in Large Diameter Epitaxial Wafers (1998)

The effect of oxide precipitate size on slip generation was investigated in Czochralski (CZ), p/p-, p/p+ and p/p++ epitaxial wafers during device manufacturing. In high-temperature processes where maximum temperature reaches 1100°C, the mechanical strength of epitaxial wafers was far superior to that of CZ wafers. In contrast, the mechanical strength of all wafers was sufficiently maintained in low-temperature processes where maximum temperature reaches 1050°C. The slip dislocation generation can be explained according to the size of oxide precipitate formed in each wafer; precipitates larger than approximately 200 nm can generate slip dislocations.
DeepRoad: GAN-based metamorphic testing and input validation framework for autonomous driving systems (2018)

While Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have established the fundamentals of image-based autonomous driving systems, they may exhibit erroneous behaviors and cause fatal accidents. To address the safety issues in autonomous driving systems, a recent set of testing techniques have been designed to automatically generate artificial driving scenes to enrich test suite, e.g., generating new input images transformed from the original ones. However, these techniques are insufficient due to two limitations: first, many such synthetic images often lack diversity of driving scenes, and hence compromise the resulting efficacy and reliability. Second, for machine-learning-based systems, a mismatch between training and application domain can dramatically degrade system accuracy, such that it is necessary to validate inputs for improving system robustness.
Deviations from Rayleigh Statistics in Ultrasonic Speckle (1988)

The statistics of speckle patterns in ultrasound images have potential for tissue characterization. In "fully developed speckle" from many random scatterers, the amplitude is widely recognized as possessing a Rayleigh distribution. This study examines how scattering populations and signal processing can produce non-Rayleigh distributions. The first order speckle statistics are shown to depend on random scatterer density and the amplitude and spacing of added periodic scatterers. Envelope detection, amplifier compression, and signal bandwidth are also shown to cause distinct changes in the signal distribution.
Genetic characterization and partial sequence determination of a Treponema pallidum operon expressing two immunogenic membrane proteins in Escherichia coli (1985)

A detailed physical and genetic map of a previously cloned 5.5-kilobase segment of Treponema pallidum DNA is described. This segment expressed two proteins that are cell membrane associated in Escherichia coli. The structural genes of these treponemal membrane proteins, tmpA and tmpB, are coordinately expressed, and transcription in E. coli can start from at least two different treponemal promoters. The tmpA and tmpB proteins are the products of in vivo proteolytic cleavage from precursor proteins which are 2 and 4 kilodaltons larger, respectively, than the mature proteins. Because the sizes of the corresponding proteins produced in T. pallidum were identical to those of the mature membrane proteins in E. coli, we concluded that a similar proteolytic processing takes place in both E. coli and T. pallidum. Although tmpA and tmpB were controlled by the same transcription signals, tmpB was expressed to a higher extent than tmpA, and only the tmpB product could be overproduced by placing the left lambda promoter in front of the structural genes. The nucleotide sequence of the T. pallidum tmpA gene was established. This is the first T. pallidum gene sequenced. Codon usage and the nature of transcriptional and translational signals are discussed. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated the presence of a sequence that was characteristic for a signal peptide. This sequence information allowed the construction of hybrid genes coding for proteins having beta-galactosidase enzyme activity as well as TmpA epitopes. The enzyme-linked antigen was expressed at a high level in E. coli when transcriptional and translational signals from coliphage lambda were used. In this case the protein produced was a sandwich protein consisting of 21 amino acids of the lambda cro protein, 204 amino acids of the T. pallidum TmpA protein, and 1,020 amino acids of the E. coli lambda-galactosidase. The potential use of this enzyme-linked antigen for the serodiagnosis of syphilis is discussed.
Facilitating collaborative biomedical research (2007)

A thorough study of biomedical research collaboration is necessary to systematically identify the social and technical infrastructure needed to support and improve the development of informatics tools to facilitate biomedical collaboration. This research attempts to do so through an in-depth qualitative study of collaborative biomedical research settings. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and artifact examination. Four broad categories related to collaboration emerged from the preliminary analysis: a) factors contributing to the initiation of collaborative research efforts, b) factors contributing to the sustaining collaboration, c) factors facilitating collaboration, and d) barriers to collaboration.
Baseline MRI Predictors of Conversion from MCI to Probable AD in the ADNI Cohort (2009)

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is a multi-center study assessing neuroimaging in diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring. Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) often represents a prodromal form of dementia, conferring a 10-15% annual risk of converting to probable AD. We analyzed baseline 1.5T MRI scans in 693 participants from the ADNI cohort divided into four groups by baseline diagnosis and one year MCI to probable AD conversion status to identify neuroimaging phenotypes associated with MCI and AD and potential predictive markers of imminent conversion. MP-RAGE scans were analyzed using publicly available voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and automated parcellation methods. Measures included global and hippocampal grey matter (GM) density, hippocampal and amygdalar volumes, and cortical thickness values from entorhinal cortex and other temporal and parietal lobe regions. The overall pattern of structural MRI changes in MCI (n=339) and AD (n=148) compared to healthy controls (HC, n=206) was similar to prior findings in smaller samples. MCI-Converters (n=62) demonstrated a very similar pattern of atrophic changes to the AD group up to a year before meeting clinical criteria for AD. Finally, a comparison of effect sizes for contrasts between the MCI-Converters and MCI-Stable (n=277) groups on MRI metrics indicated that degree of neurodegeneration of medial temporal structures was the best antecedent MRI marker of imminent conversion, with decreased hippocampal volume (left > right) being the most robust. Validation of imaging biomarkers is important as they can help enrich clinical trials of disease modifying agents by identifying individuals at highest risk for progression to AD.
AutoSNPdb: an annotated single nucleotide polymorphism database for crop plants (2008)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be considered the ultimate genetic marker as they represent the finest resolution of a DNA sequence (a single nucleotide), are generally abundant in populations and have a low mutation rate. Analysis of assembled EST sequence data provides a cost-effective means to identify large numbers of SNPs associated with functional genes. We have developed an integrated SNP discovery pipeline, which identifies SNPs from assembled EST sequences. The results are maintained in a custom relational database along with EST source and annotation information. The current database hosts data for the important crops rice, barley and Brassica. Users may rapidly identify polymorphic sequences of interest through BLAST sequence comparison, keyword searches of annotations derived from UniRef90 and GenBank comparisons, GO annotations or in genes corresponding to syntenic regions of reference genomes. In addition, SNPs between specific varieties may be identified for targeted mapping and association studies. SNPs are viewed using a user-friendly graphical interface. The database is freely accessible at http://autosnpdb.qfab.org.au/.
<title>Intersubband-transition-induced interband two-photon absorption by femtosecond optical excitation</title> (2000)

We report the near-infrared intersubband absorption characteristics in In (formula available in paper) heterostructures lattice matched in InP substrate. We have investigated for the first time the excitation power dependence of the intersubband transitions in Sb based quantum wells using a femtosecond optical parametric amplifier tuned over wavelength ranging from 1.8 micrometers - 2.4 micrometers . The bandgap of the InGaAs material system in the regime of 1.0 eV facilitates nonlinear interband optical absorption effects in the presence of strong near-infrared intersubband resonant optical excitation. We have observed a novel nonlinear optical phenomenon,- an intersubband transition induced interband absorption due to the two- photon interband excitation after the onset of the intersubband absorption saturation. The excitation wavelength-dependence of the absorption saturation characteristics has also been studied. The absorption saturation measurements have been performed in quantum wells with various well widths.
The Apprenticeships of Richard Carre and Samuel Berridge (2013)

RICHARD CARRE was articled to Thomas Wright and Francis Sitwell, attorneys at Sheffield in the early part of the eighteenth century. His Day Book, which is preserved at Sheffield, gives a detailed picture of his life as an articled clerk in the period 1724-30. It begins appropriately enough on 2 December 1724, ‘Engrossed a deed’, for this seems to have been one of his principal occupations, together with that of attending his master on his business journeys, especially to hold manorial courts, and to enter indentures of apprenticeship at the Hall of the Cutlers' Company in Sheffield. At sessions time he went with him to Doncaster, York, Rotherham, and Chesterfield. He was sent to Wakefield to buy stamps, he issued subpoenas, collected rents, and when there was no work of this kind to be done, he occupied his time in copying out precedents, or reading from such current legal manuals as Giles Jacob's Common Law Common Plac'd.
Clusters of Poly(acrylates) and Silver Nanoparticles: Structure and Applications for Antimicrobial Fabrics (2008)

Silver−poly(acrylate) clusters have been synthesized in water by reduction of AgNO3 in the presence of poly(acrylates) of different molecular weights through two different methods, NaBH4 reduction and UV exposure. The structure of the clusters and the effect of the synthesis parameters on the size and polydispersity of the particles were evaluated by means of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and confirmed by UV−visible absorption and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results clearly show that the reduction method and the polymer chain length play key roles in the achievement of few-nanometer-sized nanoparticles. The effect of the pH was also investigated. The nanoparticle dispersions were then used to functionalize cotton, wool, and polyester samples in order to obtain antimicrobial textiles for biomedical applications. The antimicrobial activity of the as-treated samples has been tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans.
Learning contact corrections for handle-based subspace dynamics (2021)

This paper introduces a novel subspace method for the simulation of dynamic deformations. The method augments existing linear handle-based subspace formulations with nonlinear learning-based corrections parameterized by the same subspace. Together, they produce a compact nonlinear model that combines the fast dynamics and overall contact-based interaction of subspace methods, with the highly detailed deformations of learning-based methods. We propose a formulation of the model with nonlinear corrections applied on the local undeformed setting, and decoupling internal and external contact-driven corrections. We define a simple mapping of these corrections to the global setting, an efficient implementation for dynamic simulation, and a training pipeline to generate examples that efficiently cover the interaction space. Altogether, the method achieves unprecedented combination of speed and contact-driven deformation detail.
A vision system for providing the blind with 3D colour perception of the environment (2005)

Although various attempts have been made at providing the blind with substitute visual perception, no existing method provides useful colour perception of the environment. This paper describes a substitute vision system which provides perception of the three-dimensional profile and colour of the surrounding environment via haptic sensations alone. This is aimed at allowing visually-impaired people to avoid obstacles and navigate the environment by recognising landmarks by their colour and profile. The prototype system uses stereo video cameras to capture colour images of the environment from which a disparity depth map can be calculated. The depth map is sampled into ten range readings, which are communicated to the user via electro-neural pulses in their fingers. The intensity of the pulses is directly proportional to the distance sampled in the corresponding depth map region. Also, the pulse frequency is determined by the predominate colour in that region. Thus by imagining the fingers are extended in the forward direction, the user can feel the distance to objects and their colour based on the approximate direction pointed by each finger. This paper focuses on describing the method employed in achieving 3D colour perception via haptic stimulation and how this form of perception can be used to navigate familiar environments. Keywords: Substitute vision; colour; disparity; electro-neural vision; TENS; electro-tactile; stereo cameras. 1.
A layered processing model for knowledge-based contextual interpretation of multichannel EEG/EOG signals (2003)

A layered processing model designed for a knowledge-based expert system for automated classification of multiple channel sleep EEG/EOG (electroencephalogram/electrooculogram) signals is described. A three-layer model is formulated to process and modify the contextual information present in the signal. Each layer is associated with a different processing time frame. It uses a hierarchical architecture that reflects the human expert's information and data abstraction process for the visual inspection of the signal. The model incorporates a certainty handling scheme which uses symbolic representation of certainty levels. The certainty-level information does not participate directly in the rule-execution mechanism, but is manipulated separately and provides augmented information to use effectively for the contextual interpretation in the layered model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>