gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TINY SEMICONDUCTOR IS FAST, LINEAR DETECTOR (1960)

In conclusion, neither T-SSEP, f-VEP, BAEP nor CCT can be used as valid predictor for outcome after SAH. The patient's initial clinical grading still provides the only satisfying predictor, independent of the patient's clinical course.
Wizards of the water cycle (2010)

This paper presents Singapore's toilet-to-tap technology that has saved the country from water shortages - and a large electricity bill.
Useful Approximations in Wiener-Hopf Problems (1959)

Frequently, the only serious obstacle which prevents one from obtaining a physically interpretable solution to a Wiener-Hopf problem is the explicit factorization of the ``kernel'' of that problem. A technique whereby an easily factored kernel replaces the original without serious loss of accuracy is illustrated by several examples.
A model of hippocampal learning during classical conditioning. (1986)

During classical conditioning of the rabbit blink reflex, a large fraction of the hippocampal pyramidal neurons are recruited to respond to the conditioned stimulus. The summed response of these neurons comes to match the whole time-amplitude profile of nictitating membrane movement, whereas some individual neurons respond only to part of this profile. A model is described which accounts for these data. The model proposes a learning rule to explain neuron recruitment and uses a tapped delay line to account for the temporal learning properties of the system and the spectrum of individual unit responses.
PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AS COMPLEXING AGENTS X. THERMODYNAMICS OF COMPLEX FORMATION OF N, N'-BIS-(2-PYRIDYLMETHYL)-ETHYLENEDIAMINE AND OF TWO HIGHER HOMOLOGUES (1975)

Abstract The complex formation of Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Ag+ with three amines of the type with n values from 2 to 4, has been investigated. The stability constants and the heats evolved by formation of the 1:1 complexes have been determined. The thermodynamic data are discussed in relation of the preferred stereochemistry of the cation and of the steric requirements of the ligands using also visible spectra of solutions, i.r. and reflection spectra of solid complex salts.
Breast Cancer in Carriers of <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Mutations: Tackling a Molecular and Clinical Conundrum (1999)

Article Tools EDITORIAL Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.11.3367 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 10550129 Breast Cancer in Carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations: Tackling a Molecular and Clinical Conundrum Daniel A. HaberxDaniel A. HaberSearch for articles by this author Show More Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1999.17.11.3367 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
A germanium back-contact type cell for thermophotovoltaic applications (2003)

Reducing resistance loss for high current densities caused by high incident light energy is important in thermophotovoltaic cells. In hope of resolving this problem, we propose a Ge back-contact type cell. This cell has no front grid contact preventing light absorption, and has large area contacts at the back. Consequently, this structure is able to reduce resistance loss, and is suitable for thermophotovoltaic applications. Calculated efficiency is about 34% for infrared light with a wavelength range of 1500 - 1600 nm and light energy of 10 W/cm/sup 2/. In experimental results, an efficiency of 6.0% for solar light of AM 1.5G was obtained by using SiN/sub x/ passivation layers. We estimated that efficiency is about 22% for the infrared light.
Power conscious fixed priority scheduling for hard real-time systems (1999)

Power efficient design of real-time systems based on programmable processors becomes more important as system functionality is increasingly realized through software. This paper presents a powerefficient version of a widely used fixed priority scheduling method. The method yields a power reduction by exploiting slack times, both those inherent in the system schedule and those arising from variations of execution times. The proposed run-time mechanism is simple enough to be implemented in most kernels. Experimental results show that the proposed scheduling method obtains a significant power reduction across several kinds of applications.
Large grain size thin films of carbon with diamond structure (1989)

Diamond thin films were formed by deflecting the flow of CH+4 using a magnetic field. The possibility of involvement of neutral particles and their effects on film formation were examined. The results show (i) the estimated amount of the neutral particle involved during the ionized deposition was nearly 30%, (ii) the surface morphology of the film prepared by the deposition of the deflecting ion was very smooth when it was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and (iii) transmission electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy indicated relatively large grain polycrystalline diamond films.
Coronary artery plaque characteristics and treatment with biologic therapy in severe psoriasis: results from a prospective observational study (2019)

In this observational study, we demonstrate that biologic therapy in severe psoriasis was associated with favourable modulation of coronary plaque indices by CCTA. These findings highlight the importance of systemic inflammation in coronary artery disease and support the conduct of larger, randomized trials.
Three-dimensional spatial and temporal temperature imaging in gel phantoms using backscattered ultrasound (2007)

Thermal therapies such as radio frequency, heated saline, and high-intensity focused ultrasound ablations are often performed suboptimally due to the inability to monitor the spatial and temporal distribution of delivered heat and the extent of tissue necrosis. Ultrasound-based temperature imaging recently was proposed as a means to measure noninvasively the deposition of heat by tracking the echo arrival time shifts in the ultrasound backscatter caused by changes in speed of sound and tissue thermal expansion. However, the clinical applicability of these techniques has been hampered by the two-dimensional (2-D) nature of traditional ultrasound imaging, and the complexity of the temperature dependence of sound speed for biological tissues. In this paper, we present methodology, results, and validation of a 3-D spatial and temporal ultrasound temperature estimation technique in an alginate-based gel phantom to track the evolution of heat deposition over a treatment volume. The technique was experimentally validated for temperature rises up to approximately 10 degrees C by comparison with measurements from thermocouples that were embedded in the gel. Good agreement (rms difference = 0.12 degrees C, maximum difference = 0.24 degrees C) was observed between the noninvasive ultrasound temperature estimates and thermocouple measurements. Based on the results obtained for the temperature range studied in this paper, the technique demonstrates potential for applicability in image guidance of thermal therapy for determining the location of the therapeutic focal spot and assessing the extent of the heated region at subablative intensities.
CAPITAL BUDGETING FOR INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS: A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS (1990)

This article focuses on three related themes. Firstly, normative decision rules for the international capital budgeting decision are outlined. Secondly, the strengths and limitations of finance theory in guiding the capital budgeting plan within the MNC are discussed. Thirdly, strategic views are introduced to complement financial analysis in the area of international capital budgeting.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICACY OF ATORVASTATIN IN ACHIEVING LDL CHOLESTEROL TARGET LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE: A GENERAL PRACTICE STUDY (1999)

Adherence to evidence-based guidelines for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) has been shown to be poor in a number of surveys. In this open-label, non-comparative 17-week trial, 399 patients with existing CHD and LDL cholesterol concentration > 3.4 mmol/l (130 mg/dl) were treated with atorvastatin 10 mg daily. After 5 weeks, the dose of atorvastatin was adjusted according to a patient's LDL cholesterol level. Of the 379 patients remaining in the study after five weeks of treatment, dose titration was not required for 355 patients (94%) who had reached the target LDL cholesterol of < or = 3.4 mmol/l. Of the 23 patients titrated to higher doses, 11 achieved the target LDL cholesterol after treatment for 17 weeks. Atorvastatin was well tolerated during the course of the study. Achieving LDL cholesterol targets without the need for dose titration simplifies clinical management and should encourage better adherence to evidence-based recommendations for secondary prevention of CHD.
High speed local area networks (1992)

Abstract This is a semitutorial discussion of high-speed local area networks (LANs). We begin with a short introduction to the computer evolution from mainframes to LANs and characterize the latter in terms of three elements, namely, Topology, protocol, and transmission medium. After recalling the limitations encountered by electric LANs as they approach and surpass Gb/s data rates, we discuss two of the major problem that were recently faced in implementing those data rates with fiberoptic LANs, namely. branching losses and coupler directionality. We then proceed to show how these problem are now resolved with specific components, particularly, the erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and the electro-optical switchable coupler. We conclude with an analysis of two high-speed fiberoptic LANs, in open and closed loop topologies, that utilize these components.
Scale-space from nonlinear filters (1996)

Decomposition by extrema is put into the context of linear vision systems and scale-space. It is proved that discrete one-dimensional, M- and N-sieves neither introduce new edges as the scale increases nor create new extrema. They share this property with diffusion based filters. They are robust and preserve edges of large scale features.
Coupling of Sound and Panel Vibration below the Critical Frequency (1964)

Prior analysis has shown that the sound power radiated from reverberant vibration of a simply supported panel is proportional to the length of the panel's perimeter when the frequency is below the critical frequency. A simple physical interpretation was made in terms of the mode shape of resonant modes. Other analyses for power radiation from a single straight boundary on an infinite panel indicated that twice as much power radiates from a clamped edge as from the simply supported edge, the spatial mean-square velocity being held constant. It is shown here that the increased radiation from clamped edges is also predictable from simple considerations of the mode shape. Moreover, among all boundaries having a purely reactive rotatory impedance and restricting transverse displacement to zero, the clamped edge is found to be the most efficient radiator. For some impedances, power radiation is found to approach zero.
Discovery of localized states of Fe 3d electrons in Fe16N2 and Fe8N films: an evidence of the existence of giant saturation magnetization (2009)

The mystery of giant saturation magnetization of Fe16N2 has remained for 37 years. In this letter, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) are used to study the electron states of Fe atoms in Fe16N2 and Fe8N films. Localized Fe 3d electron states, which are not expected from current theories (models), are observed. The XMCD spectra and elemental hysteresis loops reveal the polarization of N atoms and the hybridization of N and Fe atoms. This discovery points to the origin of giant saturation magnetization in Fe16N2.
A Feature-Based Approach to Market Segmentation via Overlapping K-Centroids Clustering (1997)

Nonhierarchical partitioning techniques are used widely in many marketing applications, particularly in the clustering of consumers, as opposed to brands. These techniques can be extremely sensitive to the presence of outliers, which might result in misinterpretations of the segments, and subsequently to inferring incorrect relationships of segments to independently defined, actionable variables. The authors propose a general approach to market segmentation based on the concept of overlapping clusters (Shepard and Arabie 1979), wherein each pattern of overlap can be interpreted as a distinct partition. Both K-means and K-medians clustering procedures are special cases of the proposed approach. The suggested procedure can handle relatively large data sets (e.g., 2000 entities), is easily programmable, and hence can be gainfully employed in marketing research.
La transplantation embryonnaire chez la jument. (1988)

*Physiologie de la Reproduction, Nouzilly, INRA Centre de Tours Diffusion du document : Physiologie de la Reproduction, Nouzilly, INRA Centre de Tours
P waves in the electrocardiogram recording of tachycardia: 'You can run, but you cannot hide' (2011)

This editorial refers to ‘A new method of filtering T waves to detect hidden P waves in ECG signals’ by D. Goldwasser et al ., on page 1028. 

The history of the evolution of recording of cardiac electrical activities by electrocardiogram (ECG) is quite fascinating.1 The initial ECG recording systems used by Waller, Einthoven, and Lewis consisted of mercury capillary electrometers and string galvanometers that were cumbersome to use and provided limited information.1–3 In Waller's demonstration of the human ECG, only ventricular activities were recorded and the P waves were not discernible.1 Interestingly, even today there are situations where in the ECG recordings obtained with modern and sophisticated ECG machines the P waves may not be easily discernible.

Interpretation of ECG recordings remains fundamental to the clinical investigation of cardiac arrhythmias. To confirm the diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia from the ECG tracing of a wide complex tachycardia would require accurate detection of the P waves to determine atrioventricular (AV) dissociation. Likewise, detection of the P waves, their morphological characteristics, axis, and timing relationships with the R waves would be important to confirm and further differentiate supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) into AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), accessory bypass tract-mediated AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), atrial tachycardia, junctional ectopic tachycardia, or sinus tachycardia. However, simple as it sounds, the task of finding P waves let alone their characterization may be extremely difficult, if not impossible.

In an approach to make a correct diagnosis of SVT recorded by 12-lead ECG, general criteria such as RP intervals, QRS alternans, pseudo-r′, pseudo-S-wave, etc. although frequently used, lack robustness in their sensitivity and specificity. Because the P waves are generated by the atrial chambers that have lower muscle mass, they are of lower amplitude when compared with the QRS complexes. As such, during SVT …
Static mechanical assessment of elastic Young's modulus of tissue mimicking materials used for medical imaging (2007)

Emerging medical imaging techniques usually provide quantitative diagnostic parameters. Since the description of a method for quantitative imaging of strain and elastic modulus distributions in soft tissues by Ophir et al. in 1991, research in elastography is progressing and experimental in vitro validation of new displacement estimators appears crucial for clinical applications. Materials mimicking biological tissues appear very useful to reach this goal. Nevertheless, correct validation necessitates knowledge of mechanical properties of the investigated material, which are often difficult to obtain. This study describes a simple method for mechanical characterization of gels used in elastography. We demonstrated the possibility to assess elasticity modulus with a reasonable reproducibility using simple tools and methods. For validation, the described method was further tested with 5 samples of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel having different values of elasticity. Young's moduli, from 24 to 135 kPa according to the number of freeze-thaw cycles (from 1 to 5) have been measured with a reproducibility varying from 2 to 7%, in the respect of strict measurements conditions. The method demonstrates good feasibility and acceptable reproducibility to mechanically characterize phantoms.
Bioprotection of facilities (2015)

The anthrax attacks of 2001 energized research directed toward reducing health consequences from airborne contaminants by augmenting current heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. Even during peacetime, interest will continue in improving HVAC components to reduce biocontaminants associated with sick building syndrome. Current HVAC design uses numerical simulation methods of ordinary differential equations to predict approximate performance. The authors show that state-space Laplace Transform calculations actually solve the underlying differential equations and yield algebraic expressions that provide new insight. To sharpen the arguments in favor of this methodology, attention is restricted to improving existing HVAC systems to increase protection from an external release of hazardous particulates. By nearly eliminating the need for dynamical simulation, the resulting methods can be applied to far more complex HVAC designs with little additional computational effort. The new methods reduce the time required for computation by three orders of magnitude. These algebraic methods also can be extended to disparate technical problems including internal particulate release, gas masks, and designing new protective buildings.
Final Scientific Report: DE-SC0008580 (2017)

We report scientific, technical, and organizational accomplishments under DE-SC0008580. This includes 10 publications, 5 patent or provisional patent applications, beamtime with important results at both LCLS and APS, and new progress in understanding target design for x-ray heating experiments at x-ray heating facilities.
The impact of extended‐hours home hemodialysis and buttonhole cannulation technique on hospitalization rates for septic events related to dialysis access (2010)

Few studies adequately document adverse events in patients receiving long, slow, and overnight hemodialysis (NHD). Concerns about high rates of dialysis access complications have been raised. This is an observational cohort study comparing hospital admission rates for vascular access complications between alternate nightly NHD (n=63) and conventional hemodialysis (n=172) patients established on chronic hemodialysis for at least 3 months. Overall, hospital admission rates and hospital admission rates for cardiac and all infective events are also reported. The NHD cohort was younger and less likely to be female, diabetic, or have ischemic heart disease than the conventional hemodialysis cohort. When NHD and buttonhole cannulation technique were used simultaneously, there was a demonstrated increased risk of septic dialysis access events: incidence rate ratio 3.0 (95% confidence interval 1.04-8.66) (P=0.04). The majority of blood culture isolates in NHD patients were gram-positive organisms, particularly Staphylococcus aureus. Alternate nightly NHD did not significantly change total hospital admissions or hospital admissions for indications other than dialysis access complications, compared with conventional hemodialysis. Our data suggest that buttonhole cannulation technique should be used with caution in patients performing extended-hours hemodialysis as this combination appears to increase the risk of septic access complications. Randomized-controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Fault Detection and Isolation of Induction Motors Using Recurrent Neural Networks and Dynamic Bayesian Modeling (2009)

Dynamic neural models provide an attractive means of fault detection and isolation in industrial process. One approach is to create a neural model to emulate normal system behavior and additional models to emulate various fault conditions. The neural models are then placed in parallel with the system to be monitored, and fault detection is achieved by comparing the outputs of the neural models with the real system outputs. Neural network training is achieved using simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA). Fault classification is based on a simple threshold test of the residuals formed by subtracting each neural model output from the corresponding output of the real system. We present a new approach based on this well known scheme where a Bayesian network is used to evaluate the residuals. The approach is applied to fault detection in a three-phase induction motor.
Image compression using the spatial-orientation tree (2002)

The zero-tree method for image compression, proposed by J. Shapiro (1992), is studied. The method is presented in a more general perspective, so that its characteristics can be better understood. From this analysis, an improved method is proposed, and it is shown that the new method can increase the PSNR up to 1.3 dB over the original method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly-integrated transmitter RFIC with monolithic narrowband tuning for digital cellular handsets (2002)

Digital cellular systems are currently replacing older analog systems globally as consumers demand higher quality transmission, lower cost, and better access. Handset manufacturers are reducing the size, weight, cost and power consumption of portable terminals to address larger consumer market segments. The Si bipolar radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) in this work addresses the transmit sections of handsets for the North American Digital Cellular (NADC) system at 824-849 MHz, the Groupe Specialle Mobile (GSM) European system at 890-915 MHz and the Japan Digital Cellular (JDC) system at 940-956 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Do European GSM Mobile Cellular Phones Pose a Potential Risk to Pacemaker Patients? (1995)

A series of in vivo trials were carried out in order to verify whether the electromagnetic field radiated by GSM (Groupe Systemes Mobiles) mobile cellular phones might affect implanted pacemakers. Two European GSM phones of 2-watt power were tested and trials conducted on 101 pacemaker implanted outpatients attending day hospital for routine check-up, who volunteered for trials. Forty-three pacemaker models from 11 manufacturers were tested in all. When the sensing threshold of the pacemakers was set at a minimum and the antenna of the phone was in direct contact with the patient's chest, interference was detected for 26 implanted pacemakers. Specifically, pulse inhibition in 10 of 101 cases, ventricular triggering in 9 of 46 DDD-VDD pacemakers, and asynchronous pacing in 4 of 52 devices. Pulse inhibition was also observed combined with asynchronous pacing in 1 of 52 cases and with ventricular triggering in 2 of 46 cases. Minimum effect duration was ca. 3 seconds but in 6 cases effects continued as long as the interfering GSM signal was on. No permanent malfunctioning or changes in the programmed parameters were detected. Whenever interference was detected, trials were repeated to determine the maximum sensing threshold at which interference persisted (with the antenna in contact with the skin over the pacemaker). Then maximum distance between antenna and pacemaker at which interference occurred was determined at pacemaker maximum and minimum sensing threshold. Under our experimental conditions electromagnetic interference effects were detected at a maximum distance of 10 cm with the pacemaker programmed at its minimum sensing threshold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)