gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SGNN: A Graph Neural Network Based Federated Learning Approach by Hiding Structure (2019)

Networks are general tools for modeling numerous information with features and complex relations. Network Embedding aims to learn low-dimension representations for vertexes in the network with rich information including content information and structural information. In recent years, many models based on neural network have been proposed to map the network representations into embedding space whose dimension is much lower than that in original space. However, most of existing methods have the following limitations: 1) they are based on content of nodes in network, failing to measure the structure similarity of nodes; 2) they cannot do well in protecting the privacy of users including the original content information and the structural information. In this paper, we propose a similarity-based graph neural network model, SGNN, which captures the structure information of nodes precisely in node classification tasks. It also takes advantage of the thought of federated learning to hide the original information from different data sources to protect users' privacy. We use deep graph neural network with convolutional layers and dense layers to classify the nodes based on their structures and features. The node classification experiment results on public data sets including Aminer coauthor network, Brazil and Europe flight networks indicate that our proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models with a higher accuracy.
A NEW METHOD FOR GLYCOSYLATION WITH CARBODIIMIDES; NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF GLYCOSYLISOUREAS (1978)

Abstract A glycosyl isourea, prepared from a sugar derivative with free 1-hydroxyl group and a carbodiimide in the presence of cuprous chloride, was successfully subjected to the reaction with a series of protic nucleophiles to give the corresponding glycosyl compounds, i.e., 1-O-acylglycoses, phenyl glycosides, alkyl glycosides including disaccharides, and purine nucleosides, in good yields.
Divergence of the Kalman filter (1971)

The Kalman estimation technique is examined from the point of view of the asymptotic behavior of the errors in the estimates. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the mean-square errors may become unbounded with time, and that this divergence may or may not be correctable by increasing the intensity of process noise assumed in the filtering model General results are derived for multidimensional systems, and both "true" and "apparent" divergence are demonstrated by a simple scalar system. Divergence due to numerical inaccuracies is considered, and an example problem in orbital navigation is used to demonstrate divergence and its elimination.
Association of chemosensory dysfunction and COVID‐19 in patients presenting with influenza‐like symptoms (2020)

In ambulatory individuals with influenza-like symptoms, chemosensory dysfunction was strongly associated with COVID-19 infection and should be considered when screening symptoms. Most will recover chemosensory function within weeks, paralleling resolution of other disease-related symptoms.
Relevance feedback for best match term weighting algorithms in information retrieval (2001)

Personalisation in full text retrieval or full text filtering implies reweighting of the query terms based on some explicit or implicit feedback from the user. Relevance feedback inputs the user&apos;s judgements on previously retrieved documents to construct a personalised query or user profile. This paper studies relevance feedback within two probabilistic models of information retrieval: the first based on statistical language models and the second based on the binary independence probabilistic model. The paper shows the resemblance of the approaches to relevance feedback of these models, introduces new approaches to relevance feedback for both models, and evaluates the new relevance feedback algorithms on the TREC collection. The paper shows that there are no significant differences between simple and sophisticated approaches to relevance feedback. 1
A proposed role for neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer immunoediting (2013)

Upon activation, neutrophils release fibers composed of chromatin and neutrophil proteins termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs trap and kill microbes, activate dendritic cells and T cells, and are implicated in autoimmune and vascular diseases. Given the growing interest in the role of neutrophils in cancer immunoediting and the diverse function of NETs, we searched for NETs release by tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). Using pediatric Ewing sarcoma (ES) as a model, we retrospectively examined histopathological material from diagnostic biopsies of eight patients (mean ± SD age of 11.5 ± 4.7 years). TANs were found in six patients and in two of those we identified NETs. These two patients presented with metastatic disease and despite entering complete remission after intensive chemotherapy had an early relapse. NETs were not identified in the diagnostic biopsies of two patients with localized disease and two with metastatic disease. This study is the first to show that TANs in ES are activated to make NETs, pointing to a possible role of NETs in cancer.
The effect of calcium carbonate and calcined clay micro filler materials on the electrical characteristics of polyvinyl chloride for cable insulation (2008)

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is widely used as cable insulation for low voltage application. In order to strengthen the electrical properties of the material, some additives have to be added. In this project, various fillers were compounded with PVC. The main parameters that have been studied were dielectric strength, and the dispersion of PVC molecules. The polymer structure of PVC was altered after undergo high voltage stress and it can be related to the breakdown voltage value. The type of fillers that were used in this experiment is Calcium Carbonate NCC-P 1T, Neolite SP, and Calcined Clay. Firstly the density of each test objects was measured using density meter and the value obtained must within the SIRIM specification. Then the dielectric strength test was done under AC stress to observe the breakdown properties. It is observed from the tests that when the density or Specific Gravity (SG) of test sample increased, the breakdown voltage also increased. But after the highest value, the dielectric strength started to show degradation characteristic event though the density is kept increasing. This phenomenon occurred to all formulation of filler materials. The experimental results also show that PVC compounded with 10 wt% of Calcium Carbonate Neolite SP produces the highest breakdown voltage and excellent dispersion. PVC cost also can be reduced by the addition of filler material. The analysis depicted that PVC combined with 10 wt% of CaC03 Neolite SP provides the best profile of cost saving.
Design of Store and Forward Data Collection Low-cost Nanosatellite (2007)

The satellite, as small as the Cubesat concept, requires employment of limited small boards. In the modular architecture, each single subsystem has a dedicated hardware and software. The approach, which has been taken in this paper, based on two design directives: the integration of the maximum subsystems within the same unit taking into account that single subsystems can be setup without modifying the operation of the remaining subsystems, and the elimination of nonessential elements. In this paper, we will describe in details the design of integrated store-and-forward APRS (automatic packet reporting system) payload and OBDH (on board data handling) subsystems using one chip based on the fixed point DSP (digital signal processor) to design a low-cost nanosatellite. By an optimal software design that takes the maximum advantages from DSP architecture facilities, good real time experimental performances have been obtained for the APRS payload and OBDH implemented modules. Due to the environment in space and the constraints of the nanosatellite, different measures had to be taken when the system was designed.
Ketone ester effects on metabolism and transcription (2014)

Ketosis induced by starvation or feeding a ketogenic diet has widespread and often contradictory effects due to the simultaneous elevation of both ketone bodies and free fatty acids. The elevation of ketone bodies increases the energy of ATP hydrolysis by reducing the mitochondrial NAD couple and oxidizing the coenzyme Q couple, thus increasing the redox span between site I and site II. In contrast, metabolism of fatty acids leads to a reduction of both mitochondrial NAD and mitochondrial coenzyme Q causing a decrease in the ΔG of ATP hydrolysis. In contrast, feeding ketone body esters leads to pure ketosis, unaccompanied by elevation of free fatty acids, producing a physiological state not previously seen in nature. The effects of pure ketosis on transcription and upon certain neurodegenerative diseases make approach not only interesting, but of potential therapeutic value.
A clustering based fast detection algorithm for large scale duplicate emails (2010)

Duplicate emails, which exist on the internet widely and are mainly caused by mailing lists, not only waste storage resource but also bring users garbage. In this paper, according to the structure and text feature of email, we put forward the concept of Mail-Duplicate-Degree, and in this way the email duplicate is firstly defined. Based on this definition, we develop an algorithm based on clustering to detect duplicate emails. By introducing a hash function provided by TRIE tree to optimize the efficiency, the algorithm gets over the slow processing speed problem existing in traditional clustering methods. Experimental results on large-scale emails have shown that the algorithm has a high precision.
Fates of endocytosed somatostatin sst2 receptors and associated agonists (1998)

Somatostatin agonists are rapidly and efficiently internalized with the somatostatin sst2 receptor. The fate of internalized agonists and receptors is of critical importance because the rate of ligand recycling back to the cell surface can limit the amount of radioligand accumulated inside the cells, whereas receptor recycling might be of vital importance in providing the cell surface with dephosphorylated, resensitized receptors. Furthermore the accumulation of radioisotope-conjugated somatostatin agonists inside cancer cells resulting from receptor-mediated internalization has been used as a treatment for cancers that overexpress somatostatin receptors. In the present study, radio-iodinated agonists at the sst2 somatostatin receptor were employed to allow quantitative analysis of the fate of endocytosed agonist. After endocytosis, recycling back to the cell surface was the main pathway for both 125I-labelled somatostatin-14 (SRIF-14) and the more stable agonist 125I-labelled cyclo(N-Me-Ala-Tyr-d-Trp-Lys-Abu-Phe) (BIM-23027; Abu stands for aminobutyric acid), accounting for 75-85% of internalized ligand when re-endocytosis of radioligand was prevented. We have shown that there is a dynamic cycling of both somatostatin agonist ligands and receptors between the cell surface and internal compartments both during agonist treatment and after surface-bound agonist has been removed, unless steps are taken to prevent the re-activation of receptors by recycled agonist. Internalization leads to increased degradation of 125I-labelled SRIF-14 but not 125I-labelled BIM-23027. The concentration of recycled agonist accumulating in the extracellular medium was sufficient to re-activate the receptor, as measured both by the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase and the recovery of surface receptor number after internalization.
Law and the Novel: D.H. Lawrence and Robert Musil (2010)

How strange that despite the thousands of times I must have read or written the name “Lawrence” I had never till now noticed that it contains, and indeed commences, with the capitalised word Law. The presence of law, at once asserted and unnoticed, has an ironically iconic value within a name which is itself iconic of a view of life, and of literature. For Lawrence, along with Blake and Nietzsche, is above all one of the great antinomians. But the invoking of all these names immediately sugge...
Interaction of β-Lactoglobulin with Retinol and Fatty Acids and Its Role as a Possible Biological Function for This Protein: A Review (1995)

beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in the milk of ruminants and some nonruminants, such as pigs and horses. Although beta-lactoglobulin was first isolated 60 yr ago, no function has been definitely ascribed to beta-lactoglobulin. Recent x-ray crystallographic studies have advanced knowledge of the structure of beta-lactoglobulin, which is homologous with that of retinol-binding protein and lipocalycins; the function of these proteins seems to be participation in the transport of small hydrophobic substances. By analogy, this protein has been suggested as having a role as a transporter of fatty acids and retinol. This review reassesses the function of beta-lactoglobulin in light of the large amount of information that has accrued in the last few years. In particular, this review concentrates upon studies of the binding of retinol and fatty acids to beta-lactoglobulin, including the binding constants and number of binding sites, the location of the binding sites, and the influence of chemical modifications in the interaction of the protein with both ligands. This study also describes studies of the influence of beta-lactoglobulin on several biological processes that may be relevant to the possible biological role of this protein.
Dependence of dc output of a rectenna array on the method of interconnection of its array elements (1998)

In 1994 and 1995, a ground-to-ground microwave power transmission (MPT) experiment was carried out by a group including participants from Kyoto University, Kobe University, and Kansai Electric Power Company. Among the MPT technologies, which are one of the most important key issues for the realization of the Solar Power Satellite, the “rectenna” (rectifying antenna) has been studied to achieve higher efficiency of conversion from microwave to dc We had developed a new rectenna panel which can effectively rectify a microwave power of 2.5 W at 2.45 GHz, prior to the ground-to-ground MPT field experiment. We examine the sum of the outputs of two or three rectenna panels which are connected either in parallel or in series or in a hybrid manner under the same microwave circumstances. The experiments lead us to conclude: (1) The sum of the dc outputs from two rectenna panels connected in parallel is larger than that from those connected in series. (2) The sum of the dc outputs of two rectenna panels is generally smaller than the sum of the dc output of the individual panels unless their outputs are equal. (3) Better total output dc power of a rectenna array is achieved when we take careful account of the array element balance. Based on the experiments, we propose an optimum method for connection of individual rectenna elements to form a high-efficiency rectenna array. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 125(1): 9–17, 1998
Immunoadsorption for Removal of a and B Blood-Group Antibodies (1981)

ABO blood-group incompatibility between donor and recipient constitutes an obstacle to bone-marrow transplantation unless some method of removing the risk of hemolysis is used. Hemagglutinins in the recipient's plasma are capable of reacting with A or B antigens present on red cells in the donor's marrow. However, Gale1 and Buckner2 and their colleagues have carried out successful transplantations despite major ABO incompatibility by performing repeated plasma exchanges before infusing the marrow. This approach is effective but uses large quantities of a valuable blood product and exposes the recipient to additional risks of hepatitis and other transmissible disease. Thus, alternative methods . . .
Double-diffusion differential-amplification magnetic sensor (1984)

A double-diffused differential-amplification magnetic sensor (D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> DAMS) composed of a rectangular Hall device and two transistors has been designed and fabricated. The dependence of the output signals on magnetic field was analyzed theoretically. The fabricated D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> DAMS was found to have magnetic sensitivity of 62 mV/T with load resistance of 10 kΩ when exposed to static magnetic fields. Decreasing the dopant concentration in the Hall region and increasing the resistance between the differential transistor collectors are proposed to improve the sensitivity up to 10 V/T.
Development of gene therapy to target pancreatic cancer (2004)

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most difficult cancers to treat. Its high propensity to infiltrate and metastasize early from a small primary focus necessitates development of a new therapy which can track down the disseminated cancer cells in vivo. Gene therapy may offer new opportunities for a variety of targeting strategies, and we review here some of our work related to the development of targeted gene therapy: 1) Targeting by specific molecular abnormality: Many pancreatic cancer cells show "addiction" to K-ras mutation, while normal cells appear resistant to suppression of K-ras-mediated signaling by antisense K-ras RNA expression adenoviral vector. 2) Targeting by in vivo tumor characteristics: In a peritoneal dissemination model, intraperitoneal lipofection/polyfection can deliver and express transgenes highly preferentially in tumor nodules. 3) Targeting by vector: An efficient protocol for construction of an adenovirus expression vector library has been developed, which will enable a direct functional selection of fiber knob-modified targeting vector species for given cells. 4) Targeting by tumor immunity: Several cytokines not only induce direct cytotoxicity, but are also expected to activate specific immunity to achieve targeted suppression of cancer cells in vivo. Unlike parenteral administration of short-lived recombinant interferon protein, local interferon gene transfer can provide a target tissue-restricted distribution and sustained expression, which may improve the efficacy/safety balance of cytokine therapy. Cancer gene therapy development is, in general, at the stage of proof of principles and safety. However, it is an art of integrated science. The recent rapid progress of related sciences and technologies will expand the potential and consolidate the clinical reality of gene therapy.
Hydrodynamic function of biomimetic shark skin: effect of denticle pattern and spacing (2015)

The structure of shark skin has been the subject of numerous studies and recently biomimetic shark skin has been fabricated with rigid denticles (scales) on a flexible substrate. This artificial skin can bend and generate thrust when attached to a mechanical controller. The ability to control the manufacture of biomimetic shark skin facilitates manipulation of surface parameters and understanding the effects of changing denticle patterns on locomotion. In this paper we investigate the effect of changing the spacing and arrangement of denticles on the surface of biomimetic shark skin on both static and dynamic locomotor performance. We designed 3D-printed flexible membranes with different denticle patterns and spacings: (1) staggered-overlapped, (2) linear-overlapped, and (3) linear-non-overlapped, and compared these to a 3D-printed smooth-surfaced control. These 3D printed shark skin models were then tested in a flow tank with a mechanical flapping device that allowed us to either hold the models in a stationary position or move them dynamically. We swam the membranes at a frequency of 1 Hz with different heave amplitudes (from ±1 cm to ±3 cm) while measuring forces, torques, self-propelled swimming speed, and cost of transport (COT). Static tests revealed drag reduction of denticle patterns compared to a smooth control at low speeds, but increased drag at speeds above 25 cm s(-1). However, during dynamic (swimming) tests, the staggered-overlapped pattern produced the fastest swimming speeds with no significant increase in the COT at lower heave values. For instance, at a heave frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of ±1 cm, swimming speed of the staggered-overlapped pattern increased by 25.2% over the smooth control. At higher heave amplitudes, significantly faster self-propelled swimming speeds were achieved by the staggered-overlapped pattern, but with higher COT. Only the staggered-overlapped pattern provides a significant swimming performance advantage over the smooth control and the other two denticle patterns. Quantitative hydrodynamic comparisons among skin models where control over manufacture allows alteration of design parameters provides a useful experimental tool for future work on the considerable natural diversity of shark skin denticles both among species and on different body locations.
Interconnecting Neighbors’ Buildings: Advantages of Energy Districts Realized Through Private DC Lines (2018)

The ever-growing presence of high-power household electric appliances, as well as dispersed generation, is increasing power flows, both inside the end-user domain and in low voltage distribution networks. In this context, the customer electric system evolution towards DC schemes seems to be reasonable. The paper investigates the benefits achievable by creating a local energy district by interconnecting neighboring buildings through controlled DC links. Customers have the opportunity of locally exchanging energy according to both operating conditions and market criteria. A significant role of third-party companies in managing power flows among district participants is expected. In discussing main advantages of the proposed approach, both the end-users' perspective and the network operator viewpoint are considered.
Extrapolation of radiated emissions from telecommunication equipment (2002)

The phase variation characteristics of emissions radiated from telecommunication equipment were examined to determine how much the radiated emission will increase when the number of devices or their size increases. Simulation using an extrapolation model in which the devices are represented as wave sources expressed as current sources (whose phase varied randomly) showed that the characteristics are close to a power sum. Experiments showed that the harmonics of radiated emissions from actual equipment had large phase variations. The experimental results were close to the calculated ones. The radiated emission strength of large-scale telecommunication equipment can be estimated from the emission strength of a single device.
Investigation of the lethal yellow<i>A</i><i>y</i><i>/A</i><i>y</i>embryo using mouse chimaeras (1979)

Chimaeric combinations of normal and mutant embryonic tissues were used to investigate the lethal effect of the yellow gene. The homozygous mutant embryos could not be identified before implantation. Therefore, embryos from both intercross matings and control backcross matings were used to provide inner cell masses (ICMs) for injection into genetically marked blastocysts of the CFLP random bred stock. All conceptuses obtained from reimplanted blastocysts were analysed at mid-gestation for the presence of donor isozyme of glucose phosphate isomerase. A similar proportion of chimaeras were found in the experimental and control series, indicating rescue of the lethal Ay/Ay ICM tissue. The reciprocal experiment also produced a similar proportion of chimaeras but there was a 25% postimplantational loss of injected embryos evidenced by empty decidual swellings. The results suggest that the yellow mutation primarily affects the trophectoderm which cannot be rescued by a normal ICM, whereas Ay/Ay ICM is capable of survival in a chimaera at least until mid-gestation.