gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O6-methylguanine is a critical determinant of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone tumorigenesis in A/J mouse lung. (1991)

The relative importance of the two alpha-hydroxylation pathways in the tumorigenicity of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), was examined in the A/J mouse lung. Methyl hydroxylation, which results in DNA pyridyloxobutylation, was investigated with 4-(acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNKOAc) and N'-nitrosonornicotine. Methylene hydroxylation, which leads to DNA methylation, was studied by using acetoxymethyl-methylnitrosamine (AMMN). The tumorigenic activities of these compounds were compared to that of 10 mumol NNK at doses that yielded similar or greater adduct levels 24 h after exposure. The methylating agent AMMN was more tumorigenic than the pyridyloxobutylating agents, NNKOAc and N'-nitrosonornicotine. NNKOAc enhanced the tumorigenic activity of AMMN when the two compounds were given in combination. These results suggested that DNA methylation was more important than DNA pyridyloxobutylation in A/J mouse lung tumor induction by NNK and that pyridyloxobutylation enhanced the activity of the methylation pathway. However, the tumorigenicity of 10 mumol NNK could not be reproduced by AMMN +/- NNKOAc at doses that yielded similar levels of DNA adducts 24 h after exposure. Therefore, a second study was conducted in which the persistence of O6-methylguanine in lung DNA following various doses of NNK or AMMN +/- NNKOAc was compared to the tumorigenicity of these treatments. A strong correlation was observed between lung tumor yield and levels of O6-methylguanine at 96 h for NNK and AMMN +/- NNKOAc (r = 0.98). The ability of NNKOAc to increase the tumorigenic activity of AMMN was attributed to its ability to enhance the persistence of O6-methylguanine in lung DNA. These results demonstrate that the formation and persistence of O6-methylguanine are critical events in the initiation of A/J mouse lung tumors by NNK. They also suggest that DNA pyridyloxobutylation by NNK can increase the persistence of this promutagenic base in lung DNA.
Chemical studies on novel rice hull antioxidants. 2. Identification of isovitexin, a C-glycosyl flavonoid (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical studies on novel rice hull antioxidants. 2. Identification of isovitexin, a C-glycosyl flavonoidNarasimhan Ramarathnam, Toshihiko Osawa, Mitsuo Namiki, and Shunro KawakishiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1989, 37, 2, 316–319Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00086a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00086a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views665Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Comparative Assessment of 3-3/8-in. Perforators Using ‘Reactive’ and ‘Non-reactive’ Shaped Charges (2009)

Abstract Several recently introduced oilfield perforators incorporate reactive materials that are derivatives of military-based weapons technology. Perforator suppliers claim that using reactive charges facilitates tunnel cleanup creating optimized perforations, thus improving downhole performance leading to increased well productivity. To better understand and quantify differences in penetration and flow performance between reactive shaped charges and conventional shaped charges, a comprehensive test matrix was designed. The performance assessments of reactive versus nonreactive perforators were carried out under controlled conditions in an API Perforation Flow Laboratory (PFL) (API, 2006). The Phase I tests for this study, which involved shooting into stressed rock under simulated downhole conditions, were conducted in Berea Sandstone targets with mineral-oil flow, to simulate a typical oil-bearing formation. Phase II testing will be conducted in Carbon Tan Sandstone with nitrogen flow, to simulate a typical gas-bearing formation. The Berea Sandstone represented moderate-to-high porosity and permeability rocks with high, unconfined compressive strength (UCS). The Carbon Tan Sandstone will represent low-permeability and medium-porosity rocks with moderate-UCS. In order to further understand the contribution of the ‘reactive’ component, tests designed for this study are carried out in balanced, underbalanced and overbalanced conditions. Charge performance measurements are taken for both conventional and ‘reactive’ charges in each target reservoir rock. This paper describes the methodology used for the comparative tests between ‘reactive’ and ‘nonreactive’ perforators in the Berea Sandstone portion of the program and summarizes the observations of core penetration, tunnel cleanup and productivity.
Test Case Generation Using Model Checking for Software Components Deployed into New&#x0A0;&#x0A0;Environments (2009)

In this paper, we show how to generate test cases for a component deployed into a new software environment. This problem is important for software engineers who need to deploy a component into a new environment. Most existing model based testing approaches generate models from high level specifications. This leaves a semantic gap between the high level specification and the actual implementation. Furthermore, the high level specification often needs to be manually translated into a model, which is a time consuming and error prone process. We propose generating the model automatically by abstracting the source code of the component using an under-approximating predicate abstraction scheme and leaving the environment concrete. Test cases are generated by iteratively executing the entire system and storing the border states between the component and the environment. A model checker is used in the component to explore non-deterministic behaviors of the component due to the concurrency or data abstraction. The environment is symbolically simulated to detect refinement conditions. Assuming the run time environment is able to do symbolic execution and that the run time environment has a single unique response to a given input, we prove that our approach can generate test cases that have complete coverage of the component when the proposed algorithm terminates. When the algorithm does not terminate, the abstract-concrete model can be refined iteratively to generate additional test cases. Test cases generated from this abstract-concrete model can be used to check whether a new environment is compatible with the existing component.
Monitoring Employee Behavior Through the Use of Technology and Issues of Employee Privacy in America (2015)

Despite the historic American love for privacy that has enhanced innovation and creativity throughout the country, encroachments on privacy restrain individual freedom. Noticeable, advances in technology have offered decision makers remarkable monitoring aptitudes that can be used in numerous tasks for multiple reasons. This has led scholars and practitioners to pose a significant number of questions about what is legitimate and illegitimate in the day-to-day affairs of a business. This article is composed of (a) research about electronic monitoring and privacy concerns; (b) definitions of, critiques of, and alternatives to electronic performance monitoring (EPM); (c) motives behind employee monitoring and leadership behaviors; (d) advice that makes monitoring less distressful; (e) employee monitoring policies; (f) reviewing policies and procedures; (g) the role of human resource development (HRD) in employee assessment and development; and (h) conclusion and recommendations for further studies.
I (2011)

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A light weight 8-element broadband phased array receiver on Liquid Crystal Polymer (2010)

In this paper we present a light weight broadband phased array hybrid receiver module on a multi-layer Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) substrate. The phased array module has 8 channels and is designed to operate in the Ka-band, from 32-37 GHz. A broadband linear tapered slot antenna array with a corporate power combiner, chip-on-board MMICs, and all control chips necessary for beam steering are all integrated on a multi-layered near-hermetic LCP substrate. The phased array antenna has a measured bandwidth of 5 GHz with ±30° beam steering capability from boresight, and shows less than 6.75° of beam squint across the full bandwidth of operation. The total size of the array is 100 mm × 100 mm with a board thickness of only 16 mils and weighs only 12.3 grams.
A sonic spray interface for capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (1999)

We have developed a sonic spray ionization interface that enables coupling of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and mass spectrometry (MS). In sonic spray ionization, a sample solution is sprayed at any solution-flow rate from a sample-introduction capillary with a high-speed gas flow coaxial to the capillary, and ions are formed at atmospheric pressure. Therefore, it is used with a wide range of buffer solutions regardless of the conductivity of the solutions. However, the pressure around the tip of the sample-introduction capillary is reduced by the high-speed gas flow, so the solution is pumped into the capillary at a flow rate above 0.1 µL/min due to the difference of pressure between the two ends of the capillary. Since the solution-flow rate in CE is much lower than this pumping rate, the resolution of CE separation is expected to be decreased by the pumping effect when an electrophoresis capillary is connected directly to the sample-introduction capillary. To avoid this in our CE/MS interface, we added a buffer reservoir between the sample-introduction capillary of the ion source and the electrophoresis capillary. We confirmed that this prevents the solution in the electrophoresis capillary being pumped by the pressure difference. Furthermore, we have demonstrated analysis by CE/MS with a mobile-phase buffer containing 15 mM of phosphate by filling the buffer reservoir with an acetic-acid solution as a substitute for the mobile-phase buffer. This increased the ion intensity 100-fold by enhancing the evaporation of charged droplets produced by the spray. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A High-Throughput Colorimetric Screening Assay for Terpene Synthase Activity Based on Substrate Consumption (2014)

Terpene synthases catalyze the formation of a variety of terpene chemical structures. Systematic mutagenesis studies have been effective in providing insights into the characteristic and complex mechanisms of C-C bond formations and in exploring the enzymatic potential for inventing new chemical structures. In addition, there is growing demand to increase terpene synthase activity in heterologous hosts, given the maturation of metabolic engineering and host breeding for terpenoid synthesis. We have developed a simple screening method for the cellular activities of terpene synthases by scoring their substrate consumption based on the color loss of the cell harboring carotenoid pathways. We demonstrate that this method can be used to detect activities of various terpene synthase or prenyltransferase genes in a high-throughput manner, irrespective of the product type, enabling the mutation analysis and directed evolution of terpene synthases. We also report the possibility for substrate-specific screening system of terpene synthases by taking advantage of the substrate-size specificity of C30 and C40 carotenoid pathways.
Experience with an animal model for the study of prostatic carcinoma. (1977)

The volatile oils from Curcuma harmandii Gagnep. (Zingiberaceae), obtained by steam distillation of the fresh leaves, stems, small and large rhizomes, roots and flowers, were examined by high resolution GC and GC/MS. All oils contained substantial fractions of sesquiterpenes and oxygenated terpenes. The major components of the leaf and stem oils were 1,S-cineole (13.5% and 21.S%), germacrone (11.5% and 15.5%) and curdione (36.S% and 25.3%). The oils from the small and large rhizomes also contained ItS-cineole (12.5% and 4.5%) and germacrone (9.0% and 20.5%) as main constituents, in addition to l3-pinene (22.6% and 1.2%), l3-elemene (11.3% and 6.5%) and isocurcumenol (3.7% and 13.4%). The root oil was rich in germacrone (24.4%), isocurcumenol (12.9010) and curcumenoi (lO.S%). The major\nconstituents of the flower oil were curdione (27.0%) and an unidentified oxygenated sesquiterpene with a molecular mass of 234 Da (12.3%). This particular oil consisted for more than 90% of sesquiterpenes and oxygenated components, which contribute to the special odor of the flower oil.
Neuropharmacological Actions of Cigarette Smoke (1998)

We measured the concentration of brain monoamine oxidase B (MAO B; EC 1.4.3.4) in 8 smokers and compared it with that in 8 non-smokers and in 4 former smokers using positron emission tomography (PET) and deuterium substituted [11C]L-deprenyl ([11C]L-deprenyl-D2) as a radiotracer for MAO B. Smokers had significantly lower brain MAO B than non-smokers as measured by the model term lambda k3 which is a function of MAO B activity. Reductions were observed in all brain regions. Low brain MAO B in the cigarette smoker appears to be a pharmacological rather than a genetic effect since former smokers did not differ from non-smokers. Brain MAO B inhibition by cigarette smoke is of relevance in light of the inverse association between smoking and Parkinson's disease and a high prevalence of smoking in psychiatric disorders and in substance abuse. Though nicotine is at the core of the neuropharmacological actions of tobacco smoke, MAO B inhibition may also be an important variable in understanding and treating tobacco smoke addiction.
Improved CNS exposure to tocilizumab after cerebrospinal fluid compared to intravenous administration in rhesus macaques (2018)

TO THE EDITOR:

Neurotoxicity from anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, an effective immunotherapy for refractory B-cell malignancies,[1][1][⇓][2][⇓][3][⇓][4][⇓][5]-[6][6] is common and poorly understood. Commonly manifesting as headache, delirium, language disturbances and
Cryptic infertility and therapeutic options. (2001)

Too often infertile patients are given a "herd type" fertility investigation which ultimately leads to expensive, time consuming, and risky in vitro fertilization. However, attention to certain simple details available by non-invasive methods, e.g., checking for premature luteinization, luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome, or performing the post-coital test at the appropriate interval, can lead to a quick solution of the infertility problem. Caution about persistent infertility related to iatrogenic factors, e.g., development of poor post-coital tests or excessively thin endometrium from clomiphene citrate, or development of luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome or premature luteinization by taking follicle maturing drugs, or creating a hostile environment from taking follicle maturing drugs when the woman already made a mature follicle (and would have had a higher success rate with luteal phase support with progesterone) will help achieve pregnancies without necessarily proceeding to the most expensive and invasive procedure of in vitro fertilization. Finally, many wasted cycles of treatment could be avoided by including the simple but very important hypo-osmotic swelling test and measurement of sperm autoantibodies with the first initial semen analysis.
Novel Variance Based Approach to Improving JPEG Decoding (2006)

For JPEG image compression, there exists a well known approach to optimal reconstruction of quantized AC DCT coefficients in the JPEG decoder. However, the Laplacian distribution parameter must be firstly determined. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a practical novel variance based approach to estimate the Laplacian parameter based on the quantized DCT coefficients, which are already available in the decoder side. Both the theoretical analysis and extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve almost the best decoded image quality improvement when compared with other approaches reported in the literature. More importantly, the proposed approach provides a more practical and efficient manner to estimate the Laplacian parameter, and is hence more suitable for real-world applications.
Role of proteinase‐activated receptors in cutaneous biology and disease (2003)

Abstract The skin is the largest organ of the human body. It makes up of about 15% of the body weight. Proteinase‐activated receptor‐1 (PAR 1 ) and PAR 2 have been discovered in various constitutive or transient cells within the epidermis as well as the dermis. In fact, epidermal keratinocytes were among the first cells in which the presence of PAR 2 was reported. Several observations advanced our knowledge of PARs as regulators of skin homeostasis and disease. For example, PARs are expressed by keratinocytes and regulate growth, differentiation, pigmentation, and release of growth factors and cytokines. Mast cells release tryptase, which activates PAR 2 on keratinocytes and endothelial cells, thereby contributing to inflammation and probably allergic reactions. PAR 2 is also involved in leukocyte/endothelial interactions within the skin by modulating the functions of both microvascular endothelial cells and neutrophils. Thus, PARs may be implicated in skin pathophysiology such as wound healing, cutaneous inflammation, pruritus, tumorigenesis (e.g. melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma) and bacterial infections. Functional PAR 1 and PAR 2 were recently demonstrated on primary afferent neurons in the skin, thereby regulating neurogenic inflammation. PAR 2 agonists induce release of neuropeptides from cutaneous sensory nerves, leading to pain and itch. This review highlights the recent knowledge of PARs in cutaneous physiology and disease, and discusses the possibility of PAR agonists or antagonists as novel tools for the treatment of skin diseases. Drug Dev. Res. 59:408–416, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TraceGraph: immediate visual location of software features (2000)

Software engineers often need to locate where particular features of a program are implemented in order to fix a bug or introduce an enhancement. This paper describes a tool called TraceGraph to support this task, particularly for large, long-running or interactive software. TraceGraph provides a simple visual display of the program's trace which allows changes in execution to be easily distinguished. A software engineer can run the feature he or she is interested in, and immediately view how program execution varies. Case studies on two large systems show how TraceGraph may be applied to different kinds of traces. Displays similar to TraceGraph would be good candidates for inclusion in software monitoring or debugging systems.
Molecular and cellular biology of filamentous fungi : a practical approach (2001)

This volume brings together detailed practical guidance from experienced researchers using genetic, genomic, cellular and biochemical methods, to attempt to determine the functions of genes and how they contribute to the biology of fungi.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Magnetic Properties, and Ionic Conductivity of Na<sub>4</sub>M<sup>II</sup><sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>) (M<sup>II</sup> = Mn, Co, Ni) (2001)

The new phases, Na4M3(PO4)2(P2O7) (M = Mn, Co, Ni), have been synthesized by solid-state reactions. Single crystals of Na4M3(PO4)2(P2O7) (M = Mn, Ni) have been isolated and their structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction techniques using as the starting model the structure of the isostructural compound Na4Co3(PO4)2(P2O7). These compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic noncentrosymmetric space group Pn21a with a = 17.991(3) Å, b = 6.6483(1), and c = 10.765(2) Å for the manganese compound and a = 17.999(2), b = 6.4986(6) Å, and c = 10.4200(9) Å for the nickel compound, with Z = 4. Magnetic measurements reveal the existence of antiferromagnetic interactions in the nickel compound. The manganese and cobalt compounds show canting antiferromagnetic behavior at low temperatures. Magnetic correlation is also studied from the analysis of possible superexchange pathways in the structure. The ionic conductivity, due to Na+ ions, is measured for the three compounds. The activation energy is nearly the same (0.81−0.86 eV), but the conductivity at 300 °C changes, increasing from 2.1 × 10-7 S cm-1 for the Ni compound to 1.3 × 10-6 S cm-1 for the Co one, and then from this value to 2.7 × 10-5 S cm-1 for the Mn compound.
Feasibility Study of an Innovative Micro Gas Turbine With a Swiss-Roll Recuperator (2006)

Feasibility of an innovative micro gas turbine with heat recuperation has been studied. The proposed core engine has back-to-back rotor configuration formed by a centrifugal-flow compressor and an axial-flow turbine. A newly Swiss-roll recuperator is wrapped around a can-type combustor to recover the exhaust heat, thus reducing the fuel consumption rate and improving the engine thermal efficiency. From the recuperated cycle analysis, thermodynamic requirements at both inlet and outlet of each component were predetermined to evaluate the engine performance. The conceptual design and preliminary analysis to achieve these requirements were made, component-by-component. The thermal design of the Swiss-roll recuperator was also carried out by theoretical analysis, which gives the thermal characteristics of the recupeator, including the trend of effectiveness, thermal requirement of number-of-transfer-unit (NTU) and the preliminary sizing with the number of turns and the width of the flow channels be determined. The characteristics of Swiss-roll recuperator resemble the counter-flow spiral plate heat exchanger and basically have the excellent performance with high effectiveness and low pressure loss. The performance of the proposed micro gas turbine was investigated, and potentially a compact micro gas turbine with thermal efficiency higher than 20% is possible for the power output less than 10 kW.
Direct Observation of the Aharonov-Casher Phase (2006)

Ring structures fabricated from HgTe/HgCdTe quantum wells have been used to study Aharonov-Bohm type conductance oscillations as a function of Rashba spin-orbit splitting strength. We observe nonmonotonic phase changes indicating that an additional phase factor modifies the electron wave function. We associate these observations with the Aharonov-Casher effect. This is confirmed by comparison with numerical calculations of the magnetoconductance for a multichannel ring structure within the Landauer-Büttiker formalism.