gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new combination of 1D and 2D filter banks for effective multiresolution image representation (2008)

In this paper, an effective multiresolution image representation using the combination of 2D quincunx filter bank (FB) and directional wavelet transform (WT) is presented. The proposed method yields simple implementation and low calculation costs compared to the other 1D and 2D FB combinations or adaptive directional WTs. Furthermore, it is a nonredundant transform and realizes quad-tree like multiresolution representation. In applications on nonlinear approximation and image coding, the proposed filter bank shows visual quality improvements and has higher PSNR.
Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit (3D IC) Key Technology: Through-Silicon Via (TSV) (2017)

3D integration with through-silicon via (TSV) is a promising candidate to perform system-level integration with smaller package size, higher interconnection density, and better performance. TSV fabrication is the key technology to permit communications between various strata of the 3D integration system. TSV fabrication steps, such as etching, isolation, metallization processes, and related failure modes, as well as other characterizations are discussed in this invited review paper.
Fabrication of Sharp Tetrahedral Probes with Platinum Coating (2002)

Metal-deposited probes with a 13 nm tip radius for conducting scanning probe microscopy (SPM) are obtained by sputter-coating a silicon cantilever with platinum on a single side. By optimizing the metal layered structure and the film stress, the silicon cantilever, whose spring constant and resonant frequency are 2 N/m and 70 kHz, respectively, is freestanding without bending. Besides the cantilever bending, curling of the probe apex was monitored and minimized in the series of the experiments conducted. The relatively soft probe apex was another part of the cantilever chip that was deformed by the metal film stress because the basic silicon tetrahedral probe was thin and inclined against the normal direction of the cantilever. In the final process, aluminum was deposited as a reflex coating on the back side of the silicon cantilever by vacuum evaporation because the light-reflectance was twice as high as that for platinum coating. The sharp probe apex, good conductivity of precious-metals and high reflection contribute to high-resolution conduction SPM measurements.
Invasive Aspergillosis in Transplant Recipients (1999)

From the Infectious Disease Section, VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Address reprint requests to: Nina Singh, Infectious Disease Section, VA Medical Center, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA 15240. Fax: 412-688-6950.
Design and performance of a variable-rate QAM modem for digital cable television (1995)

The paper presents the design and performance of a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modem for digital cable TV broadcasting. The modem fully complies with the European DVB standard and includes a number of additional features. The most distinctive feature is that this fully-digital modem offers a variable symbol rate and handles all modulation schemes from 16-QAM up to 256-QAM. It also includes a powerful blind equalizer and a carrier synchronization technique with extended frequency acquisition capability that allows one to use low-cost tuners and analog front-ends. The authors present the architecture of the modem and discuss its performance.
Stereoselectivity of the Membrane Potential-Generating Citrate and Malate Transporters of Lactic Acid Bacteria (1999)

The citrate transporter of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (CitP) and the malate transporter of Lactococcus lactis (MleP) are homologous proteins that catalyze citrate-lactate and malate-lactate exchange, respectively. Both transporters transport a range of substrates that contain the 2-hydroxycarboxylate motif, HO-CR(2)-COO(-) [Bandell, M., et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 18140-18146]. In this study, we have analyzed binding and translocation properties of CitP and MleP for a wide variety of substrates and substrate analogues. Modification of the OH or the COO(-) groups of the 2-hydroxycarboxylate motif drastically reduced the affinity of the transporters for the substrates, indicating their relevance in substrate recognition. Both CitP and MleP were strictly stereoselective when the R group contained a second carboxylate group; the S-enantiomers were efficiently bound and translocated, while the transporters had no affinity for the R-enantiomers. The affinity of the S-enantiomers, and of citrate, was at least 1 order of magnitude higher than for lactate and other substrates with uncharged R groups, indicating a specific interaction between the second carboxylate group and the protein that is responsible for high-affinity binding. MleP was not stereoselective in binding when the R groups are hydrophobic and as large as a benzyl group. However, only the S-enantiomers were translocated by MleP. CitP had a strong preference for binding and translocating the R-enantiomers of substrates with large hydrophobic R groups. These differences between CitP and MleP explain why citrate is a substrate of CitP and not of MleP. The results are discussed in the context of a model for the interaction between sites on the protein and functional groups on the substrates in the binding pockets of the two proteins.
Why Functional Pre-Erythrocytic and Bloodstage Malaria Vaccines Fail: A Meta-Analysis of Fully Protective Immunizations and Novel Immunological Model (2010)

We conclude skinstage-initiated immunosuppression, unassociated with bloodstage parasites, systematically blocks vaccine function in the field. Our model exposes novel molecular and procedural strategies to significantly and quickly increase protective efficacy in both pipeline and currently ineffective malaria vaccines, and forces fundamental reassessment of central precepts determining vaccine development. This has major implications for accelerated local eliminations of malaria, and significantly increases potential for eradication.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for primary immunodeficiency diseases (2011)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is now highly successfully curing a widening range of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). Better tissue typing, matching of donors, less toxic chemotherapy, better virus detection and treatment, improved supportive care, and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis mean up to a 90% cure for severe combined immunodeficiency patients and a 70-80% cure for other PIDs given a matched unrelated donor, and rising to 95% for young patients with specific PIDs, such as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Precise molecular diagnosis, detailed data on prognosis, and careful pre-HSCT assessment of infective lung and liver damage will ensure an informed benefit analysis of HSCT and the best outcome. It is now recognized that the best treatment option for chronic granulomatous disease is HSCT, which can also be curative for CD40 ligand deficiency and complex immune dysregulation disorders.
The Prognostic Effect of VEGF Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix Treated with Radiation Therapy Alone (2004)

We investigated the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and clinical outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiotherapy alone. The immunohistochemical study was performed for forty-two paraffin embedded specimens with anti-VEGF mouse monoclonal antibody. Staining was defined as positive for VEGF when more than 10% of the tumor cells were stained from 500 cells counted. Positive VEGF expression was observed in twenty-one among forty-two patients. VEGF expression according to stage (p=0.101), lymph node status (p=0.621), parametrial invasion (p=0.268), and age (p=0.5) revealed no significant difference. But the VEGF expression was significantly higher in tumors larger than 4 cm (p=0.031). Five year survival rates according to VEGF expression status were 89% for VEGF negative group and 47% for VEGF positive group (p=0.02). FIGO stage (p=0.007), tumor size (p=0.025) and the duration of external beam radiation therapy (p=0.006) were also significant prognostic factors for overall survival. We suggest that VEGF expression may be a prognotic factor of the cervix cancer patients treated with radiation therapy alone.
Applications of Voting Theory to Information Mashups (2008)

Blogs, discussion forums and social networking sites are an excellent source for people's opinions on a wide range of topics. We examine the application of voting theory to "information mashups" - the combining and summarizing of data from the multitude of often-conflicting sources. This paper presents an information mashup in the music domain: a Top 10 artist chart based on user comments and listening behavior from several Web communities. We consider different voting systems as algorithms to combine opinions from multiple sources and evaluate their effectiveness using social welfare functions. Different voting schemes are found to work better in some applications than others. We observe a tradeoff between broad popularity of established artists versus emerging superstars that may only be popular in one community. Overall, we find that voting theory provides a solid foundation for information mashups in this domain.
Passive magnetic momentum wheel unloading (1977)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
SIZE AND SURFACE EFFECT OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES (<font>AuNPs</font>) IN NANOGOLD-ASSISTED PCR (2008)

Recently, gold nanoparticles ( AuNPs ) were reported to increase the specificity and efficiency of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this paper, we tested the enhancement of AuNPs with five different sizes on the specificity of two-round PCR. The results showed that, except 5.02 nm AuNPs , the AuNPs that could achieve the similar enhancement happened to have nearly the same total surface area. The surface effect seems to be the key factor of nanogold-assisted PCR.
Analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase in normal and malignant breast tissue. (2006)

The data suggest that at least breast cancer cells expressed 1alpha-OHase mRNA and, therefore, might have the ability to synthesize 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 within the cells. The local production of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 might play an important role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of breast cells. We hypothesize that alterations in the local production of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 may be involved in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer. Additionally, breast cancer may be a target for treatment with precursors of biologically-active vitamin D analogs.
AYUDAN CÍTRICOS A CONTRARRESTAR LOS EFECTOS DEL OZONO EN EL DF (2001)

EN LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA, SELVA LUCIA RIVAS Y SU EQUIPO DE INVESTIGACION HAN ESTUDIADO, EN MODELOS DE EXPOSICION, LOS EFECTOS QUE EL OZONO CAUSA EN EL CEREBRO -EN EL HIPOT LAMO, LA CORTEZA FRONTAL Y EL CEREBELO- Y QUE, DE ACUERDO CON SUS OBSERVACIONES, PUEDEN CONTRARRESTARSE CON ANTIOXIDANTES QUE SE ENCUENTRAN EN CITRICOS COMO NARANJAS, LIMONES, LIMAS Y MANDARINAS, Y EN VERDURAS Y SEMILLAS. LA INVESTIGADORA EXPLICO QUE EL OZONO ES UNA MOLECULA QUE AL ENTRAR EN CONTACTO CON LOS LIQUIDOS ORG NICOS PRODUCE RADICALES LIBRES DE OXIGENO, QUE OCASIONAN EFECTOS NOCIVOS. AGREGO QUE CUANDO EL PULMON NO PUEDE COMPENSAR EL EXCESO DE DICHOS RADICALES, ESTOS ENTRAN A LA CIRCULACION Y ORIGINAN UN ESTADO DE ESTRES OXIDATIVO QUE AFECTA A TODO EL ORGANISMO. LOS RESULTADOS DE SUS ESTUDIOS REGISTRAN ALTERACIONES DE LA CONDUCTA, PERTURBACIONES EN LOS MECANISMOS DE MEMORIA Y APRENDIZAJE, ASI COMO EN LAS FUNCIONES MOTORAS. ADEM S APARECE UN COMPORTAMIENTO PATOLOGICO CONOCIDO COMO CONGELAMIENTO, EL CUAL HACE QUE, EN EL CASO DE LOS ANIMALES, ESTEN ALETARGADOS E IRRITABLES AL MISMO TIEMPO. LOS ANTIOXIDANTES QUE HAN ESTUDIADO SON LAS VITAMINAS C Y E, QUE TAMBIEN PUEDEN ADQUIRIRSE EN CUALQUIER FARMACIA Y SON DE BAJO COSTO, ASI COMO UN AMINO CIDO LLAMADO TAURINA.
Detecting Hate Speech on the World Wide Web (2012)

We present an approach to detecting hate speech in online text, where hate speech is defined as abusive speech targeting specific group characteristics, such as ethnic origin, religion, gender, or sexual orientation. While hate speech against any group may exhibit some common characteristics, we have observed that hatred against each different group is typically characterized by the use of a small set of high frequency stereotypical words; however, such words may be used in either a positive or a negative sense, making our task similar to that of words sense disambiguation. In this paper we describe our definition of hate speech, the collection and annotation of our hate speech corpus, and a mechanism for detecting some commonly used methods of evading common “dirty word ” filters. We describe pilot classification experiments in which we classify anti-semitic speech reaching an accuracy 94%, precision of 68 % and recall at 60%, for an F1 measure of.6375. 1
The Changing Face of <i>Staphylococcus aureus:</i> A Continuing Surgical Challenge (2011)

Staphylococcus aureus continues to be a major pathogen for surgical patients. The scope of infections has expanded recently to include toxic shock syndrome, severe community-acquired soft tissue infections with unique virulence characteristics, and highly resistant pathogens. The adaptability of the organism requires that new prevention and treatment strategies be developed continuously to meet the challenge of future infections.
V-COLLIDE (1997)

Collision detection is essential for many applications involving simulation, behavior and animation. However, it has been regarded as a computationally demanding task and is often treated as an advanced feature. Most commonly used commercial CAD/CAM packages and high performance graphics libraries, such as SGI Performer, provide limited support for collision detection. As users continue to stretch the capabilities of VRML, collision detection will soon become an indispensable capability for many applications. In this paper, we present a system for accelerated and robust collision detection and describe its interface to VRML browsers. We demonstrate that it is possible to perform accurate collision detection at interactive rates in VRML environments composed of large numbers of complex moving objects.
An adaptable architecture for secure delivery of converged services (2003)

We present an approach for secure delivery of multimodal services to end users over heterogeneous converged networks. Our approach leads to an easily adaptable and extensible system architecture, in which system components interact with each other through loosely coupled interfaces based on asynchronous exchange of messages. It also effectively separates service logic from service delivery, through the introduction of a secure broker between the end user devices and the enterprise level application that contains the service logic. This separation also provides additional levels of security at the application level. This paper describes how our approach provides the features mentioned above. We have also validated our approach through the implementation of a prototype system, a description of which is also provided.
Design, implementation and evaluation of ICARE: an efficient recoverable DSM (1998)

In the light of the increasing throughput of local area networks, Networks Of Workstations (NOWs) which provide a Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) have become a convenient and cheaper alternative to parallel architectures in the framework of parallel scientific applications. However, the probability that a failure occurs in such a system made up of a large number of components must not be neglected, especially for long-running applications. This paper presents the design, implementation and performance evaluation of ICARE, a page-based recoverable DSM implemented on top of an ATM-based NOW running the CHORUS microkernel. ICARE relies on a Backward Error Recovery (BER) mechanism, and provides a way to combine both efficiency and high-availability. The fact that checkpoints are stored in volatile memory provides a low-cost fault-tolerance mechanism, as well as the opportunity to exploit the symbiotic relationship between the data replication implemented in DSM systems and that needed for fault-tolerance. Furthermore, ICARE efficiently implements transparent process rollback recovery. Performance evaluations show the efficiency of the ICARE prototype that implements the proposed algorithms. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of MyoD function in the dividing myoblast (2001)

Proliferating myoblasts express MyoD, yet no phenotypic markers are activated as long as mitogen levels are sufficient to keep the cells dividing. Depending upon mitogen levels, a decision is made in G1 that commits the myoblast to either continue to divide or to exit from the cell cycle and activate terminal differentiation. Ectopic expression of MyoD under the control of the RSV or CMV promoters causes 10T1/2 cells to rapidly exit the cell cycle and differentiate as single myocytes, even in growth medium, whereas expression of MyoD under the weaker SV40 promoter is compatible with proliferation. Co-expression of MyoD and cyclin D1, but not cyclins A, B, E or D3, blocks transactivation of a MyoD responsive reporter. Similarly, transfection of myoblasts with the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors p16 and p21 supports some muscle-specific gene expression even in growth medium. Taken altogether, these results suggest cell cycle progression negatively regulates myocyte differentiation, possibly through a mechanism involving the D1 responsive cdks. We review evidence coupling growth status, the cell cycle and myogenesis. We describe a novel mitogen-sensitive mechanism that involves the cyclin D1-dependent direct interaction between the G1 cdks and MyoD in the dividing myoblast, which regulates MyoD function in a mitogen-sensitive manner.
Load balancing strategies for Grid computing (2011)

Grid computing is the combination of computer resources from multiple administrative domains for a common goal. Grid computing (or the use of a computational grid) is applying the resources of many computers in a network to a single problem at the same time - usually to solve a scientific or technical problem that requires a great number of computer processing cycles or access to large amounts of data. One of the main strategies of Grid computing is to use middleware to divide and apportion pieces of a program among several computers, sometimes up to many thousands. Grid computing involves computation in a distributed fashion, which may also involve the aggregation of large-scale cluster computing based systems. The size of a Grid may vary from small - confined to a network of computer workstations within a corporation, for example - to being large, public collaboration across many companies and networks. "The notion of a confined grid may also be known as intra-nodes cooperation whilst the notion of a larger, wider grid may thus refer to inter-nodes cooperation". Since the spectrum of grid computing is too much broad it is very much important to balance the load among the various nodes of the network. Various load balancing algorithms were developed assuming homogenous set of nodes linked with homogenous and fast networks. In this paper we studies the various load balancing strategies that control the load of the entire system.
Sodium Channel Gating Modes During Redox Reaction (2007)

These results indicate that the redox states could modulate the sodium channel gating modes in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.
Laboratory Investigation of MIC Due to Hydrotest Using Seawater and Subsequent Exposure to Pipeline Fluids with and without SRB Spiking (2012)

Abstract Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a major threat to pipelines and storage tanks. Even though MIC during hydrotest itself may be limited due to lack of nutrients and a relatively short duration, biofilms left behind may flourish after the pipeline is commissioned resulting in MIC pitting over the long run. This work investigated MIC in simulated hydrotest with X65 coupons using untreated natural seawater and enriched artificial seawater spiked or not spiked with a laboratory strain of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) for up to 90 days. The MIC threat after hydrotested pipes were subsequently exposed to pipeline fluids was also investigated by using simulated pipeline fluids containing a mixture of oil, natural seawater and CO2 or a mixture of oil, simulated formation water (65000 ppm (w/w) NaCl, 22 mM SO42-) and CO2. Tests were performed at 22°C and 37°C in anaerobic vials. The effectiveness of a 30 minute slug of THPS treatment of the coupons right after hydrotest was also evaluated. MIC pitting was observed in simulated hydrotest using enriched artificial seawater spiked with SRB. MIC pitting was also observed on coupons exposed to simulated pipeline fluids after hydrotesting with SRB spiking using either natural seawater or enriched artificial seawater.
Single-chip 4-channel 155 Mb/s CMOS LSI chip for ATM SONET/SDH framing and clock/data recovery (2002)

To introduce asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) to mass applications, it is desirable to reduce cost and board area of ATM switches while maintaining high data speed and good jitter quality. A 4-port CMOS single chip LSI quad physical layer controller (QPLC) for 155.62 Mb/s (STS-3c) meets these requirements by integrating four receive/transmit ports, each of which has a clock recovery PLL and SONET/SDH framing functions. The clock recovery PLL uses a current-regulated constant-amplitude differential VCO for low jitter. The bit-rate at each port can be separately changed to 51.84 Mb/s (STS-1) or 25.92 Mb/s (STS-1R).
Inducible expression of transforming growth factor beta1 in papillomas causes rapid metastasis. (2001)

Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) acts as a tumor suppressor at early stages of carcinogenesis, however, it has also been suggested to promote tumor progression at late stages. To determine at which stage and by what mechanisms this functional switch occurs, we have generated gene-switch-TGF-beta1 mice in which TGF-beta1 transgene expression can be induced in skin tumors at specific stages. These mice were exposed to a chemical carcinogenesis protocol, which allows tumorigenesis to develop in progressive stages from benign papillomas to malignant carcinomas. Remarkably, TGF-beta1 transgene induction in papillomas rapidly induced metastasis. This function is in sharp contrast to its tumor suppressive effect when TGF-beta1 transgene expression was induced early in the protocol. Transgenic papillomas exhibited down-regulation of TGF-beta receptors and their signal transducer, the Smads, and loss of the invasion suppressor E-cadherin/catenin complex in the cell membrane. These molecules were lost only in malignant carcinomas in control mice at a much later stage. Furthermore, transgenic papillomas exhibited elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinases and increased angiogenesis. Our study suggests that TGF-beta1 overexpression may directly induce tumor metastasis by initiating events necessary for invasion. Down-regulation of TGF-beta signaling components in tumor epithelia selectively abolishes growth inhibition, thus, switching the role of TGF-beta1 to a metastasis promoter.