gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A lightweight idempotent messaging protocol for faulty networks (2002)

As parallel machines scale to one million nodes and beyond, it becomes increasingly difficult to build a reliable network that is able to guarantee packet delivery. Eventually large systems will need to employ fault-tolerant messaging protocols that afford correct execution in the presence of a lossy network. In this paper we present a lightweight protocol that preserves message idempotence and is easy to implement in hardware. We identify the requirements for a correct implementation of the protocol. Experiments are performed in simulation to determine implementation parameters that optimize performance. We find that an aggressive implementation on a fat tree network results in a slowdown of less than 2x compared to buffered wormhole routing on a fault-free network.
Vascularised fibular graft in the management of femoral head osteonecrosis (2009)

The management of osteonecrosis of the femoral head ranges from symptomatic therapy to total hip replacement. Conservative treatment is effective only in small, early-stage lesions. Free vascularised fibular grafting has provided more consistently successful results than any other joint-preserving method. It supports the collapsing subchondral plate by primary callus formation, reduces intra-osseous pressure, removes and replaces the necrotic segment, and adds viable cortical bone graft plus fresh cancellous graft, which has osseoinductive and osseoconductive potential. Factors predisposing to success are the aetiology, stage and size of the lesion. Furthermore, it is a hip-salvaging procedure in early pre-collapse stages, and a time-buying one when the femoral head has collapsed.
Advances in the Treatment of Vestibular Disorders (1997)

This article discusses the pathophysiology, evidence of treatment efficacy, and factors that contribute to improved treatment outcome in three different vestibular disorders. In patients with unilateral and bilateral vestibular loss, recent research suggests that customized, supervised exercises facilitate recovery of postural stability. These exercises are based on knowledge of normal vestibular function as well as on our understanding of the various compensatory mechanisms that can contribute to recovery. Recognizing the limitations of these compensatory mechanisms as substitutes for lost vestibular function is important in establishing treatment goals. Treatment of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is based on the identification of the specific canal involved and the anatomy of the labyrinth. Although patients with BPPV primarily experience brief episodes of vertigo, this disorder is also associated with postural instability, which may not resolve with remission of the positional vertigo.
Knowledge for Practice with Transgendered Persons (1999)

Abstract Most social work practitioners have had very limited knowledge about or information to inform their practice with transgend-ered persons, but cultivating a knowledge base of practice to prepare students to work more competently and effectively with transgendered persons is an essential element of good practice and needs to be integrated into a foundation level social work curriculum in meaningful and conscientious ways. The following paper explores the theme of knowledge for practice with transgendered persons by examining seven areas from where social work practice is derived.
Noninvasive Metabolic Analysis of Preserved Rabbit Cornea (1988)

With the method of corneal redox fluorometry, the autofluorescence of reduced pyridine nucleotides (PN) and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp) in rabbit corneal endothelium was measured as a function of storage time in McCarey-Kaufman (MK) medium and K-Sol medium. Measurements were started immediately after preparation of the corneal button, and the corneas were followed up for up to three weeks of storage. In both media, the PN/Fp ratio of the endothelium initially increased slightly in the first or second day and then began to decrease toward a level lower than baseline. This initial increase is possibly a result of an adaptive mechanism. The PN/Fp ratio maintained itself in the range of baseline values up to one week in MK medium but not in K-Sol medium. With scanning electron microscopy, the surface of the membrane and cell border were maintained for a three-week preservation period, and no apparent differences were found between the corneas stored in the two media. With transmission electron microscopy, the intracellular organelles appeared almost normal through one week of preservation in corneas stored in either media. During weeks 2 and 3, however, intracellular edema with increased endothelial thickness became prominent in the corneas stored in both media. Although no visual difference in the morphological features of the endothelium was apparent between corneas stored in either medium, computer-assisted morphometric analysis showed a statistically significant increase in the coefficient of variation of mean cell area for the corneas preserved in K-Sol medium but not for those preserved in MK medium.
Comparison of Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Primary Tumors and Matched Plasma Samples in Patients with Colorectal Cancer (2015)

The results of this study show a discrepant rate of epigenetic vs. genetic alterations moving from tissue to plasma. Many factors could affect mutation cfDNA analysis, including both presence of tumor clonal heterogeneity and strict compartmentalization of KRAS mutation profile. The present study highlights the importance of considering the nature of the alteration when analyzing tumor-derived cfDNA.
Effect of Temperature on Properties of Iron-Resin Composites for Automotive Applications (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Iron-resin composites or dielectromagnetic materials are designed for AC and pulsed DC electromagnetic applications. These new materials present interesting features such as ease of shaping, high induction, low losses and isotropic electrical, thermal and magnetic properties. Compared to steel laminations, better performing and/or more compact devices may result from an optimisation of the design taking full advantage of these isotropic properties. Also, compared to soft ferrites, dielectromagnetics show higher magnetic saturation and much better machinability. In this paper, potential applications for this type of material in the automotive industry together with their specific requirements are discussed. The characteristics of a new dielectromagnetic material, ATOMET EM-1, are described. Temperature being an important issue for most applications, e.g., under-the-hood applications, the effects of temperature on mechanical and magnetic properties of this dielectromagnetic material have been evaluated. The performances of a permanent magnet motor made from both a dielectromagnetic and a laminated steel sheet are modeled and compared.</div>
Enabling Scope-Based Interactions in Sensor Network Macroprogramming (2007)

Wireless sensor networks are increasingly employed to develop sophisticated applications where heterogeneous nodes are deployed, and multiple parallel activities must be performed. Therefore, application developers require the ability to partition the system based on the node characteristics, and specify complex interactions among different partitions. Existing programming abstractions for sensor networks tackled this problem by providing a notion of scoping. However, this rarely emerges as a first-class programming construct, hence limiting its applicability. To address this issue, in this paper we present a flexible notion of scoping in the context of a sensor network macroprogramming framework. Our approach enables the specification of complex interactions among system partitions, thus greatly simplifying the development process. Moreover, this is not detrimental to performance: our approach results reasonably close to an optimal solution computed with global system knowledge, while exhibiting a 70% gain w.r.t. baseline solutions.
Switching characteristics of MCT's and IGBT's in power converters (1996)

The performances of the Insulated Gate Bipopar Transistor (IGBT) and MOS-Controlled Thyristor (MCT) in hard- and soft-switching applications are studied in detail, both experimentally and by using numerical simulations. Simulated results show good qualitative agreement with the measured data under a wide range of circuit operating conditions. The simulation results are obtained from an advanced mixed device and circuit simulator in which the device under test (DUT) is represented by a two-dimensional (2-D) grid structure and the internal plasma dynamics is studied using a finite element numerical solution technique. A comparison is then made between the switching performance of the bipolar transistor-like device (IGBT) and a thyristor-like device (MCT) in power converters. It is shown that due to a basic difference in the turn-off mechanism, whereas an IGBT shows a tail-current "bump" due to electric field buildup during turn-off, the MCT shows a turn-off "shoulder" due to current flow through the turn-off MOS channel. This leads to much higher losses for MCT than IGBT under identical operating conditions. Furthermore, since the turn-off of MCT involves removal of more carriers from the drift-region, the turn-off is slower than IGBT.
Aerosol in the arid southwestern United States: Measurements of mass loading, volatility, size distribution, absorption characteristics, black carbon content, and vertical structure to 7 km above sea level (1993)

Near‐surface and lower tropospheric aerosol characteristics have been determined at several remote sites near Orogrande, New Mexico, using a variety of methods and sensors including quartz fiber filter samplers, hi‐vol samplers, ground‐based and aircraft‐mounted light‐scattering aerosol counters, an aerosol counter equipped with a heated inlet, and an aethalometer (a device that measures aerosol absorption). The results of these measurements, which have been taken sporadically over the last 15 years but with a higher density of measurements during 1989–1991, suggest that regardless of season, aerosol consists of two modes: a submicron fraction composed primarily of ammonium/acid sulfates and elemental black carbon (BC) and a supermicron fraction composed mainly of quartz and clay minerals of soil origin. Aerosol mass concentrations determined from weekly or biweekly samples are dominated by wind‐derived aerosol of soil origin and typically range from ≈10 μg m −3 in the fall rainy season (August‐October) to ≈100 μg m −3 during the spring windy season (February‐June). The mass concentration frequency of occurrence of both total aerosol and BC are well approximated by lognormal probability distributions. Geometric mean masses of aerosol range from 16 to 32 μg m −3 and are smaller for mountain sites than for basin sites; geometric mean BC mass concentrations at a single basin site are ≈0.15 μg m −3 . Aerosol loadings decrease slightly from 1975–1977 to 1990 measurement periods, whereas BC concentrations, within statistical error, remain unchanged. However, a statistically significant increase in BC did occur from 1990 to 1991. The fraction of (visible spectrum) aerosol absorption attributable to BC has a yearly mean value of ≈0.84, although during dusty conditions occurring in spring or early summer, non‐BC aerosol absorption contributes up to ≈30% of the total. Sulfate and BC aerosol concentrations are sometimes highly correlated, suggesting they have a common source and may be internally mixed. Limited aircraft measurements in the lowest few kilometers of the troposphere reveal a well‐mixed aerosol for a neutral atmospheric condition, and a significant decrease in aerosol concentration with altitude for a stable atmospheric condition.
A Novel <sup>111</sup>In-Labeled Anti–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Nanobody for Targeted SPECT/CT Imaging of Prostate Cancer (2015)

We developed an (111)In-radiolabeled anti-PSMA Nanobody, showing good tumor targeting, low uptake in nontarget tissues, and low renal retention, allowing excellent SPECT/CT imaging of PCa within a few hours after injection.
Thermal stabilization of chemical reactors. I The mathematical description of the Endex reactor (1999)

Here we describe the Endex reactor, a novel scheme for thermal control of potentially runaway reactions. The reactor is a composite of individual reactors, each of which houses either an exothermal or an endothermal reaction mixture. In this paper, which is Part I, we introduce the concept of an endothermally stabilized chemical reactor as an enthalpy–coupled thermokinetic system, and give it precise mathematical expression in the form of a four–dimensional dynamical system, for the special case of a continuous stirred tank reactor. The principle of enthalpy conservation is applied in the adiabatic case, which togethery with the consequence of taking the limit of a system parameter, collapses the structure of the state space to two dimensions. Criteria are defined for which the system is free of all kinds of thermal misbehaviour. This important dynamical result defines bounds for a large region of the parameter space within which this reactor may be operated safely.
Unidirectional ring-laser operation using sum-frequency mixing (2010)

A technique enforcing unidirectional operation of ring lasers is proposed and demonstrated. The approach relies on sum-frequency mixing between a single-pass laser and one of the two counterpropagating intracavity fields of the ring laser. Sum-frequency mixing introduces a parametric loss for the intracavity field copropagating with the single-pass field, effectively generating a loss difference between the copropagating and counterpropagating intracavity fields. This loss mechanism ensures stable unidirectional lasing. The approach is generic and can be implemented at any desired lasing wavelength where lossless second-order nonlinear materials are available. Numerical modeling and experimental demonstration of parametric-induced unidirectional operation of a diode-pumped solid-state 1342nm cw ring laser are presented.
Stellarators with Permanent Magnets (2020)

It is shown that the magnetic-field coils of a stellarator can, at least in principle, be substantially simplified by the use of permanent magnets. Such magnets cannot create toroidal magnetic flux, but they can be used to shape the plasma and thus to create poloidal flux and rotational transform, thereby easing the requirements on the magnetic-field coils. As an example, a quasiaxisymmetric stellarator configuration is constructed with only 8 circular coils (all identical) and permanent magnets.
Magnetic actuation of a thermodynamically stable colloid of ferromagnetic nanoparticles in a liquid crystal (2016)

We report the development of a highly stable nanomaterial based on ferromagnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a thermotropic liquid crystal. The long-term colloidal stability and homogeneity were achieved through surface modification of the nanoparticles with a mixture of a dendritic oligomesogenic surfactant and hexylphosphonic acid and confirmed by optical and electron microscopy. The nanomaterial has an increased sensitivity to the magnetic field possessing collective and non-collective magneto-optical responses in contrast to the undoped LC. The effective coupling of the spherical particles with the LC director is due to the arrangement of the nanoparticles in chains.
Lattice tilt and dislocations in compositionally step-graded buffer layers for mismatched InGaAs/GaAs heterointerfaces (1992)

The strain relaxation and dislocation densities of a compositionally step-graded InGaAs/GaAs buffer layer have been investigated. The structural results were correlated with the electrical properties of an In0.3Ga0.7As/In0.29Al0.71As modulation doped heterostructure grown on top. The buffer was a three step InxGa1−xAs structure each layer 300 nm thick and each In composition step x=0.1. X-ray rocking curve analysis measured a tilt about an in-plane &lt;110≳ axis of about 0.3° per step. At the top interface of the buffer the density of misfit dislocations evaluated by electron microscopy was comparable to the number required to account for this tilt. Thus, the 60° burgers vectors for the majority of dislocations along one in-plane line direction was restricted to a maximum of two rather than the usual four possibilities. The electron mobility in the two-dimensional electron gas channel showed a small assymetry (4%) in the two in-plane &lt;110≳ directions and was highest in the direction parallel to the tilt axis. The sheet electron concentration was 1.2×1012/cm2 with peak mobilities of 9300 and 31 000 cm2/V s at room temperature and 77 K, respectively.
TREATMENT AND PREVENTION WITH IVERMECTIN OF DIROFILARIASIS AND ANCYLOSTOMIASIS IN CAPTIVE GRAY WOLVES (CANIS LUPUS) (1990)

Thirteen of 24 captive gray wolves (Canis lupus) were infected with the heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis. Wolves were treated with 2.2 mg/kg sodium thiacetarsamide i.v. b.i.d. for 2 days to eliminate adult heartworms, given 5.0 mg/kg acetylsalicylic acid orally for 2 wk to reduce myointimal proliferation and thromboemboli, and given 0.2 mg/kg ivermectin s.c. 4 wk after beginning therapy to eliminate microfilariae. All animals survived the treatment. Four wolves developed coughing episodes after adulticide administration. Thiacetarsamide did not eliminate adult D. immitis in one wolf, but ivermectin was completely effective in eliminating microfilariae. Seven of 11 adult wolves without heartworm and three pups were diagnosed as being infected with Ancylostoma caninum and/or Toxocara canis. All animals, whether infected or not, were treated with 0.2 mg/kg ivermectin given s.c. Blood samples were taken from adult wolves for h?matologie analyses before and 35 days after treatment. No ova were detected upon fecal reexamination 35 days posttreatment. Prior to treatment, wolves with ancylostomiasis had hypochromic anemia when compared with noninfected animals. After treatment for either heartworm or hookworm, 12 of 24 wolves were given 0.05 mg/kg ivermectin once monthly for the next 18 mo. The other 12 wolves were untreated for the same period of time to serve as control animals. At the end of this period, no treated wolf had heartworm, whereas one of the 12 control wolves was infected (P = 0.31). No ova were found in any of the treated wolves, whereas seven of 12 were positive for A. caninum (P = 0.002) and one of 12 was positive for Toxocara canis (P = 0.31). In these wolves, ivermectin was effective in the elimination of D. immitis microfilariae, A. caninum, and T. canis, did not cause any adverse tissue reactions, and was an effective heartworm and hookworm prophylactic when administered at 0.05 mg/kg monthly.
Inversion of data from electrical imaging surveys in water-covered areas (2004)

Electrical imaging surveys that are now widely used in many environmental and engineering studies have also been carried out in water-covered areas. These surveys include conventional surveys with multi-electrode resistivity meter systems where part of the survey line crosses a river. In some surveys that are located entirely within a water-covered environment, the electrodes are mounted on a streamer that is towed behind a boat. The streamer is dragged along the river/sea bottom, or floats on the water surface. The smoothness-constrained least-squares inversion method that is used to interpret the data from land surveys is adapted for underwater surveys. To accommodate the underwater topography, a distorted finite-element grid is used to calculate the apparent resistivity values for the inversion model. The first few rows of elements are used to model the water layer, while the lower part of the grid is used for the sub-bottom resistivity distribution. For an accurate inversion, the water resistivity as well as the depth to the bottom surface must be accurately known since a large proportion of the current flows through the water layer. The section of the Earth below the bottom surface is subdivided into a large number of rectangular cells. The water resistivity in the model is fixed, and the inversion program attempts to determine the resistivity of the cells that would most accurately reproduced the observed measurements. Examples from surveys in rivers, marine environments and across rivers are shown.
Possible fused fibre in-phase/quadrature measuring multiport (1985)

The structural properties required for a four-fibre fused coupler to give a passive in-phase/quadrature multiport are outlined.
Corpus-based Approach to Creating a Semantic Lexicon for Clinical Research Eligibility Criteria from UMLS. (2010)

We describe a corpus-based approach to creating a semantic lexicon using UMLS knowledge sources. We extracted 10,000 sentences from the eligibility criteria sections of clinical trial summaries contained in ClinicalTrials.gov. The UMLS Metathesaurus and SPECIALIST Lexical Tools were used to extract and normalize UMLS recognizable terms. When annotated with Semantic Network types, the corpus had a lexical ambiguity of 1.57 (=total types for unique lexemes / total unique lexemes) and a word occurrence ambiguity of 1.96 (=total type occurrences / total word occurrences). A set of semantic preference rules was developed and applied to completely eliminate ambiguity in semantic type assignment. The lexicon covered 95.95% UMLS-recognizable terms in our corpus. A total of 20 UMLS semantic types, representing about 17% of all the distinct semantic types assigned to corpus lexemes, covered about 80% of the vocabulary of our corpus.
The Feasibility of Interference Alignment over Measured MIMO-OFDM Channels (2009)

Interference alignment (IA) has been shown to achieve the maximum achievable degrees of freedom in the interference channel. This results in sum rate scaling linearly with the number of users in the high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regime. Linear scaling is achieved by precoding transmitted signals to align interference subspaces at the receivers, given channel knowledge of all transmit-receive pairs, effectively reducing the number of discernible interferers. The theory of IA was derived under assumptions about the richness of scattering in the propagation channel; practical channels do not guarantee such ideal characteristics. This paper presents the first experimental study of IA in measured multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) interference channels. Our measurement campaign includes a variety of indoor and outdoor measurement scenarios at The University of Texas at Austin. We show that IA achieves the claimed scaling factors, or degrees of freedom, in several measured channel settings for a 3 user, 2 antennas per node setup. In addition to verifying the claimed performance, we characterize the effect of Kronecker spatial correlation on sum rate and present two other correlation measures, which we show are more tightly related to the achieved sum rate.