gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of the release factor with the Escherichia coli ribosome: inhibition of the 30S subunit domain by specific antibodies. (1988)

A domain of the 30S subunit of the Escherichia coli ribosome is in close contact with the release factor when it binds to the 70S particle during the termination of protein biosynthesis. This has been characterised using antibodies specific for the individual proteins of the small ribosomal subunit. Most antibodies do not affect the release factor-mediated reactions but those against S3, S4, S5 and S10 are inhibitory. These proteins are clustered on the lower head and the upper part of the small lobe of the subunit. The regions of these features which are near the interface between the two subunits in the 70S ribosome are known to be close to the base of the stalk of the 50S subunit.
The effect of proteinases on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from the yeast <i>Rhodotorula glutinis</i> (1981)

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) of the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis was rapidly inactivated by duodenal juice. It was susceptible to chymotrypsin and subtilisin and to a lesser extent trypsin. Initial proteolysis of the enzyme by chymotrypsin and trypsin resulted in cleavage of the monomeric subunit (75 000 Mr) into a large (65 000 Mr) and a small (10 000 Mr) peptide. The small peptide was rapidly degraded. The 65 000-Mr fragment was resistant to prolonged incubation with chymotrypsin, but was degraded by trypsin under the same conditions. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was cleaved into several polypeptides by subtilisin, the 65 000-Mr peptide being totally absent. The N-terminal region of the enzyme was contained in the 65 000-Mr fragment, as was the dehydroalanine moiety, the prosthetic group. Active-site-binding ligands protect the enzyme from inactivation by the three proteinases, and peptide-bond cleavage by trypsin and chymotrypsin. Several chemical modifications were performed on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Some decreased its antigenicity, and ethyl acetimidate decreased the rate of degradation of the 65 000-Mr peptide by trypsin. The modification did not protect the enzyme from proteolytic inactivation of the enzymic activity. These observations are discussed in terms of the structure of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and site of action of the proteinases.
Effects of feeder type, space allowance, and mixing on the growth performance and feed intake pattern of growing pigs. (1998)

The effect of crowding and mixing on growth performance and feed intake pattern were investigated in growing pigs in a 4-wk study. Feeding pattern was monitored using automated feed intake recording equipment (F.I.R.E.). A total of 256 Yorkshire x Hampshire and purebred Duroc pigs (initial weight 35.8+/-.86 kg) were allocated to one of the eight treatment combinations in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement (feeder type [conventional feeder vs F.I.R.E. feeder], space allowance [.56 vs .25 m2/pig], and mixing strategy [mixed vs unmixed; mixing at start of wk 1 and 3]). Pigs were housed in groups of eight, balanced for genotype and sex (barrows and gilts), and had free access to a corn-soybean meal diet (17% crude protein, 3,296 kcal ME/kg). There was no difference in growth performance between feeder types. Crowding and mixing had no effect on daily feed intake but they depressed growth rate by 15.7 and 7.1%, respectively, and the effects of the two stressors were additive. Gain:feed ratio was reduced by crowding (10.0%) but not by mixing. Crowded pigs made fewer (11.2 vs 15.7; SEM = .51), and longer (12.5 vs 8.9 min; SEM .41) feeder visits and had higher feed intake per visit (196.2 vs 145.5 g; SEM = 5.94) than uncrowded animals. Mixing produced changes in feeding pattern in the 1st wk after mixing but not over the 4-wk period. This study showed that crowding and mixing depressed growth rates in an additive manner and altered feeding behavior.
Using rapid prototyping to produce electrical discharge machining electrodes (1996)

Presents the background to and efforts being made to find a direct production route using rapid prototype (RP) parts as the electrodes for electrical discharge machining (EDM). It would have the double effect of unlocking the potential of the EDM die sinking process and expanding the role of RP in the production environment. Thin coated stereolithography (SL) models have been used to erode hardened tool steel to a depth of 4mm. Machining efficiency of these copper coated RP models is not comparable to that of conventional machined solid copper electrodes. Parametric optimization has been applied, achieving substantial improvements in machining efficiency. At present these electrodes are suitable for semi‐roughing or finishing cuts in EDM die sinking. Electroforming copper into SL cavities shows potential for manufacture of electrodes with comparable performance to that of solid copper.
Synthesis of dihydro-1,4-oxathiins by rearrangement of 1,3-oxathiolane sulfoxides (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of dihydro-1,4-oxathiins by rearrangement of 1,3-oxathiolane sulfoxidesWha Suk Lee, Hoh Gyu Hahn, and Kee Dal NamCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 14, 2789–2795Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00364a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Adiabatic compression of Schrödinger solitons due to the combined perturbations of higher-order dispersion and delayed nonlinear response (1993)

We demonstrate for the first time that in a homogeneous nonamplifying physical system described by the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, the combined effects of two different perturbations (delayed nonlinear response and higher-order dispersion) can lead to adiabatic compression of fundamental solitons. This is unexpected since each of these perturbations operating independently destroys soliton propagation. Experimentally this is demonstrated by showing that 95 fsec fundamental solitons are redshifted from 1.57 to 1.62 \ensuremath{\mu}m and adiabatically compressed to 55 fsec in 65 m of a single-mode silica fiber with modified dispersion.
Bone marrow adherent layers inhibit apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells. (1994)

Human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, like normal hematopoietic progenitors, die rapidly by apoptosis when cultured under serum-free conditions. Apoptosis was demonstrated by electron microscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis and quantified by flow cytometry. Culturing AML blasts in the presence of a bone marrow fibroblast (BMF) monolayer reduced the percentage of AML blasts undergoing apoptosis in the majority of cases studied. The effect was more pronounced when AML cells were cultured in the presence of an adherent long-term bone marrow (LTBM) stroma rather than BMF. Overall, the mean percentage of AML cells with fragmented DNA fell from 85 +/- 8% in control cultures to 20 +/- 9% in cultures with adherent stroma (p = 0.0004, n = 7). Supplementation of serum-free medium with recombinant cytokines, including stem cell factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha or with human placenta-conditioned medium (HPCM) matched the degree of inhibition of apoptosis induced by BMF in only 50% of cases. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and IL-6 were completely ineffective. Consistent with this observation, direct contact between leukemic cells and adherent layers was essential for maximum inhibition of leukemic-cell DNA fragmentation. Separation by a porous membrane allowing passage of soluble growth factors, but interrupting direct cell contact, was associated with significantly greater DNA fragmentation and cell death. Inhibition of leukemic-cell apoptosis correlated with improved survival and growth of malignant clonogenic cells. Colonies grown in cultures were identified as leukemic by morphology and by fluorescence in in situ hybridization to demonstrate numerical chromosomal abnormalities identified at diagnosis. Close contact between leukemic cells and bone marrow inhibits blast cell apoptosis and directly promotes survival of clonogenic AML cells.
Introduction to the scheduling problem (1995)

Scheduling-a central task in high-level synthesis-involves determining the execution order of operations in a behavioral description. After introducing the scheduling problem, this paper describes four scheduling algorithms commonly used to solve it.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication and Application of Nanofibrous Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering (2009)

Nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning are morphological mimics of fibrous components of the native extracellular matrix, making nanofibrous scaffolds ideal for three-dimensional cell culture and tissue engineering applications. Although electrospinning is not a conventional technique in cell biology, the experimental setup may be constructed in a relatively straightforward manner, and the procedure can be carried out by individuals with limited engineering experience. Here, we detail a protocol for electrospinning of nanofibers and provide relevant specific details concerning the optimization of fiber formation (Basic Protocol 1). The protocol also includes conditions required for preparing biodegradable polymer solutions for the fabrication of nonwoven and aligned nanofibrous scaffolds suitable for various cell/tissue applications. In addition, information on effective cell loading into nanofibrous scaffolds and cellular constructs grown in a bioreactor is provided (Basic Protocol 2). Instructions for building the electrospinning apparatus are also included (see the Support Protocol).
Synthesis of arbitrary rational transfer functions in s using uniform distributed RC active circuits (1990)

A synthesis technique is described whereby network functions that are rational in s are realized with uniform distributed RC elements and active elements. In contrast to previous distributed synthesis approaches, the technique works directly in the s plane without complex mathematical transformations, uses only grounded rectangular single-layer uniform distributed RC structures, and can realize many network topologies. Classical approximation functions, such as Butterworth and Chebyshev, and well-known filter topologies can be used. Experimental results for a band-pass biquad are presented, and practical implementation possibilities are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aromatic Polyamides and Polyimides with Benzoxazole or Benzothiazole Pendent Groups Prepared from 5-(2-Benzoxazole)- or 5-(2-Benzothiazole)-1,3-phenylenediamine (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic Polyamides and Polyimides with Benzoxazole or Benzothiazole Pendent Groups Prepared from 5-(2-Benzoxazole)- or 5-(2-Benzothiazole)-1,3-phenylenediamineJohn A. MikroyannidisCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 15, 5177–5183Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00119a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00119a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views447Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New performance bounds for turbo codes (1998)

We derive a new upper bound on the word- and bit-error probabilities of turbo codes with maximum-likelihood decoding by using the Gallager bound. Since the derivation of the bound for a given interleaver is intractable, we assume uniform interleaving as in the derivation of the standard union bound for turbo codes. The result is a generalization of the transfer function bound and remains useful for a wider range of signal-to-noise ratios, particularly for some range below the channel cutoff rate. The new bound is also applicable to other linear codes.
Novel Single-Chain Fv′ Formats for the Generation of Immunoliposomes by Site-Directed Coupling (2007)

Immunoliposomes generated by coupling of antibodies to the liposomal surface allow for an active targeting of entrapped compounds to diseased areas. Single-chain Fv fragments (scFv) represent the smallest part of an antibody containing the entire antigen-binding site. They can be coupled in a defined and site-directed manner through genetically engineered cysteine residues, for example, those added at the C-terminus. Here, we have performed a comparative analysis of various scFv' variants with cysteine residues present at the end of a C-terminal extension of varying length and composition (HC variants) or introduced in the linker sequence connecting the variable heavy and light chain domain (LC variants). Using a scFv fragment directed against fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a model antibody, we could show that all variants can be employed for the generation of active immunoliposomes, although the presence of three additional cysteine residues in one scFv' molecule resulted in decreased binding of immunoliposomes compared to that of immunoliposomes generated with scFv' molecules containing only one additional cysteine residue. In order to further improve the scFv' format by reducing the number of additional amino acid residues, we also generated molecules with the hexahistidyl-tag incorporated into the linker sequence together with a cysteine residue either at position 1 or 3 of the linker sequence (LCH variants). These newly designed scFv' molecules may be particularly suitable for the generation of immunoliposomes and other antibody conjugates, limiting the number of additional residues in these antibody molecules to a minimum.
Vaccines Against Encapsulated Bacteria: A Global Agenda (1987)

The World Health Organization (WHO) asked the authors to create a comprehensive program for the development of vaccines against encapsulated bacteria as a guide for the WHO Programme on Vaccine Development. The goal is a new generation of safe, inexpensive, and easily administered vaccines that are immunogenic in infancy and provide prolonged immunity in the vaccinate, secondary immunization to community members not reached in the initial application, and/or herd immunity. The approach is to capitalize on advances in molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunology, and the agenda developed addresses the five genera that cause most morbidity in less-developed areas of the world: Neisseria, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Haemophilus, and Pseudomonas. Three strategic areas for study are emphasized: existing polysaccharide vaccines, natural immunity and pathogenesis, and evaluation of new or speculative alternative approaches. It is hoped that this agenda will stimulate the widest possible participation in this global initiative.
Detection of A-C machine winding deterioration using electrically excited vibrations (2003)

Presented in this paper is a theoretical review of the relationships that should exist between electrical winding parameters and the mechanical vibration of AC machine elements under normal and faulted operating conditions. Also included is data from an experimental study that relates stator vibration and bearing vibration to selected winding faults in a synchronous machine. Consideration of these results indicates a significant relationship between electrical deterioration and mechanical vibration and thus provides the motivation for additional study and a basis for future applications.
Differential Migration between Discrete Populations of Juvenile Red-tailed Hawks (<i>Buteo jamaicensis</i>) (2009)

Migratory species are of increased conservation concern because of their reliance on multiple, geographically disjunct habitats. An understanding of how long-term ecological processes and contemporary population genetic patterns are related is critical for effective management and conservation of such species. Combining traditional long-term census and mark-recapture data with temporally focused molecular genetic data can help inform these efforts. We used 24 years of banding data, 15 years of migration counts, and molecular genetic data from 17 microsatellite loci to describe the migration phenology, direction, and population connectivity of Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) migrating through the Marin Peninsula, California. Count data indicated two distinct peak periods of movement across years: 15 August-30 September and 1 October-30 November. Band-encounter data from these two periods revealed a significant difference in movement: individuals in the early period of migration (15 August-30 September) displayed little net movement, whereas individuals from the second period (1 October-30 November) showed directional, southward movement. Finally, molecular genetic data suggest that the early-season period primarily involves a population from central California, whereas the second period includes both individuals from central California and individuals from desert regions of the Intermountain West. These analyses provide important information for interpreting long-term Red-tailed Hawk count and banding data and offer an example of how traditional population-monitoring methods can be combined with molecular genetic markers.
The serine protease prostasin regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity by modulating TLR4 signalling (2014)

The effects of high-fat diet (HFD) and postprandial endotoxemia on the development of type 2 diabetes are not fully understood. Here we show that the serine protease prostasin (PRSS8) regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity by modulating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signalling. HFD triggers the suppression of PRSS8 expression by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and increases the TLR4 level in the liver. PRSS8 releases the ectodomain of TLR4 by cleaving it, which results in a reduction in the full-length form and reduces the activation of TLR4. Liver-specific PRSS8 knockout (LKO) mice develop insulin resistance associated with the increase in hepatic TLR4. Restoration of PRSS8 expression in livers of HFD, LKO and db/db mice decreases the TLR4 level and ameliorates insulin resistance. These results identify a novel physiological role for PRSS8 in the liver and provide new insight into the development of diabetes resulting from HFD or metabolic endotoxemia.
Effect of Genetic Background on the Therapeutic Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in Diabetes-Obesity Mutants and in Aged Normal Mice (1984)

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was fed at 0.1-0.4% in the diet to genetically diabetic (db/db) or obese (ob/ob) C57BL/KsJ (BL/Ks) or C57BL/6J (BL/6) mice. Treatment of BL/Ks-db/db or ob/ob mice with 0.4% DHEA prevented hyperglycemia, islet atrophy, and severe diabetes associated with this inbred background, but did not affect weight gain and food consumption. Homozygous obese (ob) or diabetes (db) mice on the BL/6 background were more sensitive to DHEA, and the mild, transient hyperglycemia associated with ob or db gene expression on the BL/6 inbred background could be prevented by 0.1% DHEA. Both body weight and food consumption were decreased in BL/6 mutants maintained on 0.1% DHEA whereas this effect was not seen in BL/Ks mutants fed up to 0.4% DHEA. Early therapy with 0.4% DHEA, initiated at 2 wk of age, prevented the development of most diabetes symptoms and decreased the rate of weight gain in pups of all genotypes. In addition to therapeutic effects on both obese mutants, DHEA effected significant changes in an aging study using normal BL/6 female mice. Four weeks of DHEA treatment initiated at 2 yr of age improved glucose tolerance and at the same time reduced plasma insulin to a "younger" level. This suggests that DHEA may act in insulin-resistant mutant mice and in aging normal mice to increase the sensitivity to insulin.
Intelligent Vertical Handoffs between Heterogeneous Communication Networks (2005)

This paper proposes an intelligent vertical handoff algorithm to maintain an ongoing call between a cellular mobile network and a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), based on the Received Signal Strength (RSS) threshold and an adaptive RSS hysteresis generated by fuzzy logic. In addition, the proposed algorithm accounts for the WLAN traffic loading and the direction of movement and speed of the Mobile Station (MS). Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm offers better system performance in terms of number of handoffs and probability of call dropping.
Acute heat treatment improves insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in aged skeletal muscle (2010)

Aging is associated with insulin resistance and decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. Although the mechanisms underlying age-related insulin resistance are not clearly defined, impaired defense against inflammation and tissue oxidative stress are likely causes. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been shown to protect tissue from oxidative stress and inhibit the activation of stress kinases such as JNK, known to interfere with the insulin signaling pathway. While the induction of HSPs via chronic heat treatment has been shown to protect skeletal muscle from obesity-related insulin resistance, the ability of heat treatment to improve insulin action in aged skeletal muscle is not known. In the present study, one bout of in vivo heat treatment applied to 24-mo-old Fischer 344 rats improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake after 24 h in slow-twitch soleus muscles. In vitro heat treatment applied to young (3-mo-old) and aged (24-mo-old) soleus muscles increased expression of HSP72 and inhibited anisomycin-induced activation of JNK. In contrast, heat treatment had no effect on p38 MAPK, a MAPK strongly activated with anisomycin. Prior inhibition of HSP72 transcription with the pharmacological inhibitor KNK437 eliminated the ability of heat treatment to blunt JNK activation. This suggests that the ability of heat treatment to inhibit JNK activation in skeletal muscle is dependent on increased HSP72 expression. In conclusion, an acute bout of heat treatment can increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in aged skeletal muscle, with the underlying mechanism likely to be HSP72-mediated JNK inhibition.