gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning to Align from Scratch (2012)

Unsupervised joint alignment of images has been demonstrated to improve performance on recognition tasks such as face verification. Such alignment reduces undesired variability due to factors such as pose, while only requiring weak supervision in the form of poorly aligned examples. However, prior work on unsupervised alignment of complex, real-world images has required the careful selection of feature representation based on hand-crafted image descriptors, in order to achieve an appropriate, smooth optimization landscape. In this paper, we instead propose a novel combination of unsupervised joint alignment with unsupervised feature learning. Specifically, we incorporate deep learning into the congealing alignment framework. Through deep learning, we obtain features that can represent the image at differing resolutions based on network depth, and that are tuned to the statistics of the specific data being aligned. In addition, we modify the learning algorithm for the restricted Boltzmann machine by incorporating a group sparsity penalty, leading to a topographic organization of the learned filters and improving subsequent alignment results. We apply our method to the Labeled Faces in the Wild database (LFW). Using the aligned images produced by our proposed unsupervised algorithm, we achieve higher accuracy in face verification compared to prior work in both unsupervised and supervised alignment. We also match the accuracy for the best available commercial method. 1
The use of optics for the in situ determination of flocculated mud characteristics (2002)

Morphodynamical predictive simulations of estuarine sediments require in situ mud floc data for model verification and calibration purposes. The limiting factor in many previous studies were the devices used for sampling, as flocs are very fragile. Instruments such as Niskin bottles, pipettes or the Owen tube are all very disruptive. This could be the reason that previous studies tended to show a much lower floc size range than is now known to exist. The presence of large estuarine macroflocs was observed by in situ photography and in situ laser particle size measurements, but these techniques still provided no indication of settling velocity or effective density, which are variable amongst floc populations.
Induction of human IgE synthesis in B cells by a basophilic cell line, KU812 (1997)

Induction of human IgE synthesis in B cells requires, in addition to IL-4 or IL-13, a second signal provided by CD40 ligand (CD40L) on activated Th2-type CD4+ T cells that do not or weakly express Fas ligand (FasL). Mast cells and basophils also produce IL-4 or IL-13 and express CD40L after immunologic or pharmacologic stimulation, although it is unknown whether these cells express FasL. This study investigated the capacity of KU812 cells, a human basophilic cell line, to produce IL-4 and IL-13, to express CD40L and FasL, and to induce IgE and IgG4 synthesis in human normal B cells. Upon stimulation of KU812 cells with either phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or ionomycin (Iono), IL-4, but not IL-13, was produced in response to Iono, while IL-13, but not IL-4, was inducible by PMA. Moreover, both the time courses of IL-4 and IL-13 production and their amounts secreted were different; IL-4 production was transient, IL-13 production gradually increased, and IL-13 was heavily secreted as compared with IL-4. The combination of PMA and Iono (PMA/Iono) induced higher production of IL-4 or IL-13 than did Iono or PMA alone. KU812 cell-derived IL-4 and IL-13 had the ability to cause CD23 expression on B cells. PMA/Iono also up-regulated CD40L expression and induced a very low level expression of FasL. KU812 cells that had been activated by PMA/Iono followed by fixation could induce IgE and IgG4 synthesis in B cells in the presence of recombinant IL-4 or IL-13. This contact-dependent induction of IgE was completely abrogated by adding anti-CD40L MoAb or soluble CD40, whereas anti-FasL antibody did not significantly affect IgE production. These results indicate that activated KU812 cells produce biologically active IL-4 and IL-13, express functional CD40L, and exhibit weak induction of FasL, thereby supporting sufficient IgE production by B cells.
Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia of the Thoracic Spine (1987)

ROSENBLUM, BRUCE MD*; OVERBY, CHRISTOPHER MD*; LEVINE, MITCHELL MD*; HANDLER, MICHAEL MD†; SPRECHER, STANLEY MD‡; Author Information
Altered Myeloid Development and Acute Leukemia in Transgenic Mice Expressing PML-RARα Under Control of Cathepsin G Regulatory Sequences (1997)

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) is characterized by abnormal myeloid development, resulting an accumulation of leukemic promyelocytes that are often highly sensitive to retinoic acid. A balanced t(15;17) (q22;q21) reciprocal chromosomal translocation is found in approximately 90% of APML patients; this translocation fuses the PML gene on chromosome 15 to the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) gene on chromosome 17, creating two novel fusion genes, PML-RAR alpha and RAR alpha-PML. The PML-RAR alpha fusion gene product, which is expressed in virtually all patients with t(15;17), is thought to play a direct role in the pathogenesis of APML. To determine whether PML-RAR alpha is sufficient to cause APML in an animal model, we used the promyelocyte-specific targeting sequences of the human cathepsin G (hCG) gene to direct the expression of a PML-RAR alpha cDNA to the early myeloid cells of transgenic mice. Mice expressing the hCG-PML-RAR alpha transgene were found to have altered myeloid development that was characterized by increased percentages of immature and mature myeloid cells in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen. In addition, approximately 30% of transgene-expressing mice eventually developed acute myeloid leukemia after a long latent period. The splenic promyelocytes of mice with both the nonleukemic and leukemic phenotypes responded to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment, which caused apoptosis of myeloid precursors. Although low-level expression of the hCG-PML-RAR alpha transgene is not sufficient to directly cause acute myeloid leukemia in mice, its expression alters myeloid development, resulting in an accumulation of myeloid precursors that may be susceptible to cooperative transforming events.
Cell adhesion molecules in rheumatoid arthritis (1995)

The adhesion mechanisms that enable leukocytes to migrate from the blood and function within inflamed synovium continue to occupy an area of intense investigation. Over the past year, advances have been made in understanding the specialized roles that individual adhesion molecules play in the interactions between leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells in inflammation in general. Several articles have described the expression of novel adhesion molecules in rheumatoid synovium, and a number of reports on the measurement of soluble adhesion molecules in blood and in synovial fluid have appeared, although it is too early to know whether this is clinically useful. Finally, inhibiting adhesion molecule function in vivo remains an attractive option for anti-inflammatory therapy.
`Florida Calypso': A Multicolored Caladium for the Landscape and Containers (1995)

Caladiums, grown for the colorful foliage in containers and the landscape, are the major floricultural tuber crop grown in Florida. They are planted for their variety of leaf colors, shapes, color patterns, and their ability to grow in areas of reduced light and high temperatures. `Florida Calypso' (FC), a fancy leaf caladium with dark-red central venation and rose and white blotches, was released by the Univ. of Florida in 1995. It is in the same color classification as `Carolyn Whorton' (CW), a top-selling rose/pink cultivar. When grown with on de-eyed 6.5-cm-diameter tuber per 10-cm pot, FC was 33 cm tall, produced five leaves within 33.4 days from planting, and had 33.6 leaves after 8 weeks, compared to 42.9 cm, 48.2 days, and 11.0 leaves, respectively, of CW. When grown in the field for tuber production, FC produced larger tubers, had a greater total tuber yield by weight, and had a higher production index than CW. Tuber yields of FC were not significantly different than `Candidum', the cultivar produced most in Florida. `Florida Calypso' can be grown in heavily shaded areas or in full sun in the landscape and in 10- to 40-cm containers.
Immunostimulating effect of pule (Alstonia scholaris L. R.Br., Apocynaceae) bark extracts. (2000)

The immunostimulating effect of "Pule" (Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br., Apocynaceae) bark extracts was studied in BALB/c mouse. The extracts were administered orally, once a day for 7 consecutive days. The results showed that at the same doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) the aqueous extract had higher phagocytic index (1.39-1.79) than the ethanolic extracts (0.81-0.93) in normal mice. The aqueous extract at 50 mg/kg b.w. also enhanced phagocytic activity of immunosuppressed mice significantly (P < 0.01). At 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w. the extract prevents the decrease of immune system induced by prednisone. The aqueous extract at 100 mg/kg b.w. increased lytic activity of peritoneal exudate cells against Escherichia coli significantly (P < 0.05). At the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w. the aqueous extract had no effect on primary antibody level. The aqueous extract at 50 mg/kg b.w. induced the cellular immune response while at 100 mg/kg b.w. inhibited the delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction.
Titanium(III) as a selective reducing agent for nitroarginyl peptides: synthesis of arginine vasotocin (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTitanium(III) as a selective reducing agent for nitroarginyl peptides: synthesis of arginine vasotocinRoger M. Freidinger, Ralph Hirschmann, and Daniel F. VeberCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 25, 4800–4803Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00419a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00419a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of Bitcoin Pooled Mining Reward Systems (2011)

In this paper we describe the various scoring systems used to calculate rewards of participants in Bitcoin pooled mining, explain the problems each were designed to solve and analyze their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Cerebral dicarboxylate transport and metabolism studied with isotopically labelled fumarate, malate and malonate (2002)

Transport and metabolism of dicarboxylates may be important in the glial-neuronal metabolic interplay. Further, exogenous dicarboxylates have been suggested as cerebral energy substrates. After intrastriatal injection of [(14) C]fumarate or [(14) C]malate, glutamine attained a specific activity 4.1 and 2.6 times higher than that of glutamate, respectively, indicating predominantly glial uptake of these four-carbon dicarboxylates. In contrast, the three-carbon dicarboxylate [(14) C]malonate gave a specific activity in glutamate which was approximately five times higher than that of glutamine, indicating neuronal uptake of malonate. Therefore, neurones and glia take up different types of dicarboxylates, probably by different transport mechanisms. Labelling of alanine from [(14) C]fumarate and [(14) C]malate demonstrated extensive malate decarboxylation, presumably in glia. Intravenous injection of 75 micromol [U-(13) C]fumarate rapidly led to high concentrations of [U-(13) C]fumarate and [U-(13) C]malate in serum, but neither substrate labelled cerebral metabolites as determined by (13) C NMR spectroscopy. Only after conversion of [U-(13) C]fumarate into serum glucose was there (13) C-labelling of cerebral metabolites, and only at <10% of that obtained with 75 micromol [3-(13) C]lactate or [2-(13) C]acetate. These findings suggest a very low transport capacity for four-carbon dicarboxylates across the blood-brain barrier and rule out a role for exogenous fumarate as a cerebral energy substrate.
Image cytometry of estrogen receptors in breast carcinomas (1988)

A significant level of estrogen receptors (ER) in breast cancer cells is an indication of tumor differentiation and suggests that a homeostatic control of cell growth may persist in these cancers. In medical practice, the Dextran-coated charcoal assays (DCCA) are still the most frequently used test to characterize patients having ER-positive malignant breast tumors and for whom hormonal therapy is justified. Nevertheless, this routine biochemical technique is not satisfactory because it is a broad method unsuitable for revealing receptor tissue heterogeneity. However, immunocytochemical labeling, such as the ER-ICA method, which involves a monoclonal antibody linked to peroxidase, is a specific reaction for this purpose but which until now was not quantitative. The present study uses an original cell preparation technique combining the PAP reaction with toluidine blue counterstain for image analysis on the SAMBA system. Special software has been developed for the quantitative analysis of immunocytochemistry in cancers. Results obtained showed a high correlation between the DCCA values and the score derived from the mean ER concentration per positive tumor cell and the labeling index. In addition, intracell and intratumor heterogeneity can be displayed according to several parameters and were shown to vary according to tumor and to antiestrogen (Tamoxifen) presurgical therapy.
Anticipated handover over IEEE 802.11 networks (2006)

The recent success of IEEE 802.11 networks and the increasing demand for real time services suggest a new usage of wireless devices. In particular, mobility management between access points and IPv6 networks must be fast enough to avoid loss of packets. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism to anticipate handovers. The movement anticipation consists of new potential access points discovery before the handover has even started. It also allows a station to set up in advance a new IPv6 configuration for the next location. We show by simulation that the anticipation mechanism strongly enhances both link and network layers handovers and significantly reduces the loss of packets.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Fluorinations with N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide: Convenient Access to α‐Fluoro‐ and α,α‐Difluoro Phosphonates. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
D.C. 마그네트론 스퍼터법으로 제조한 ITO 박막의 우선성장방향 변화 (2007)

ITO thin films were sputtered to evaluate the preferred orientation, the microstructure and crystallinity of the films on corning 1737 glass by systematically varying the process conditions including O2/(Ar+O2) ratio, film thickness and substrate temperature, respectively. As O2/(Ar+O2) ratio increased, ITO thin film was confirmed to be combined in addition to (400) and (440) plane. ITO thin film grew to the crystalline with preferred orientation of (400) plane as the substrate temperature and the film thickness increased. And the microstucture of ITO thin film also changed from amorphous phase to columnar structure which was composed of nano columns. Consequently, the preferred orientation of (400) plane of ITO thin film depended on the film thickness and the substrate temperature.
Preparation of Polymer-Nanodiamond Composites with Improved Properties (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
<i>Salmonella typhi rpo</i>S mutant is less cytotoxic than the parent strain but survives inside resting THP-1 macrophages (1998)

Transcription of the stationary-phase sigma factor RpoS of Salmonella typhi increased in the macrophage. A single rpoS mutant of S. typhi was constructed to analyze the role of RpoS in intracellular multiplication of the bacterium and host cell killing. This mutant was sensitive to starvation, low pH and hydrogen peroxide; however, it could still multiply inside resting macrophages and was less cytotoxic than the wild-type strain. Therefore, S. typhi might produce RpoS-dependent factors which could contribute to host cell death.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Ruthenium and Rhodium Nanoparticles Modified with Selenium and Sulfur (2006)

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was carried out in a sulfuric acid solution saturated with oxygen on Ru and Rh nanoparticles chemically modified with Se or S. Among the four chalcogen-modified specimens examined, the modification of Ru with Se shows the highest activity. P. Zelenay et al., U.S. Pat. Appl. filed Dec. 5, 2005. Therefore, the highlight of this study is the synthesis and use of the Ru/Se catalyst vs the cluster-type RuxSey catalysts investigated before, and on providing evidence toward similar reactivity functions between Ru/Se and RuxSey. On the nanoparticle Ru/Se electrode, ORR commences at 0.9 V and the diffusion-limiting reduction current is attained at approx 0.4 V vs a reference hydrogen electrode. ORR activity does not decrease in the presence of methanol, showing a full methanol tolerance at methanol concentrations investigated in this study. It is proposed that surface metallic Ru atoms embedded in Se matrices are the catalytic active sites to sustain ORR at a high level. However, the smooth Ru disk surface modified by selenium displays lower activity than a “clean” Ru disk (without Se) and a noticeably lower activity than the nanoparticle Ru/Se. Possible reasons for this behavior are discussed. Finally, a Ru/S catalyst is slightly more active than a H2-reduced Ru black catalyst but is much less active than Ru/Se and RuxSey, and is also methanol-tolerant at 0.1 M methanol concentrations. Both Se and S reduce ORR rates on Rh.
Solenoidal model for superstructure in chromatin. (1976)

Chromatin prepared by brief digestion of nuclei with micrococcal nuclease, and extracted in 0.2 mM EDTA, appears in the electron microscope as filaments of about 100 A diameter which coil loosely. In 0.2 mM Mg++ these "nucleofilaments" condense into a supercoil or solenoidal structure of pitch about 110 A corresponding to the diameter of a nucleofilament. It is proposed that the x-ray reflections at orders of 110 A observed in chromatin originate in the spacing between turns of the solenoid rather than that between nucleosomes along the nucleofilament. The solenoidal structure appears to need histone H1 for its stabilization. Under certain conditions, isolated nucleosomes can also aggregate into a similar structure. The solenoidal structure can be correlated with the "thread" of diameter about 300 A observed by other workers in nuclei.
Synthesis of speed-independent circuits from algebraic specifications (2003)

The authors propose a novel method for the synthesis of asynchronous speed-independent circuits that communicate using handshaking protocols. The circuit's behavior is specified through a collection of properties. Each property is expressed algebraically and describes a partial view of the required behavior. The global behavior is obtained by the Boolean product of the algebraic expressions. Classical techniques of race-free synthesis are then adapted to take into account external environments (users) which do not necessarily respect the fundamental mode hypothesis. The method is illustrated by a dual-rail code queue element that communicates using a four-cycle signaling protocol on both the input-data and the output-data interconnections.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL-ETHANOL-BIODIESEL BLEND IN DIESEL ENGINE (2015)

In this paper the performance and emission characteristics of the blends are made from biodiesel of soybean oil and E10 (10% ethanol and 90% diesel) in the proportions ranging from 20% to 40% of biodiesel. Extraction of biodiesel from the soybean oil was made by using the transesterification method. Anhydrous ethanol (10%) was added as an additive to the diesel-biodiesel blends which helps to reduce the ignition delay and slight reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission. Performance test was conducted at steady state DI diesel engine at constant speed by varying loads at no load, 25%, 50%, 75% and full load. The above tests were taken without any engine modifications or tuning. It is observed that as the increasing of biodiesel ratio, there is a slight increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, while carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HC) emission reduced and a slight reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission due to addition of anhydrous ethanol to the blends.
Sub-parts-per-billion level detection of NO<sub>2</sub>using room-temperature quantum cascade lasers (2006)

We report the sub-parts-per-billion-level detection of NO2 using tunable laser-based photoacoustic spectroscopy where the laser radiation is obtained from a room-temperature continuous-wave high-power quantum cascade laser operating in an external grating cavity configuration. The continuously tunable external grating cavity quantum cascade laser produces maximum single-frequency output of approximately 300 mW tunable over approximately 350 nm centered at 6.25 microm. We demonstrate minimum detection level of approximately 0.5 parts per billion of NO2 in the presence of humidified air.
Umbilical Vascular Catheterization (2008)

The placement of umbilical catheters is an essential technique for the treatment of many newborns in unstable condition. This video will demonstrate the placement of catheters in the umbilical vein and the umbilical artery. Careful preparation, sterile technique, and attention to detail are instrumental in successful catheter placement. We will demonstrate the regional anatomy of the umbilicus, indications and contraindications for the insertion of an umbilical catheter, the recommended technique for catheter placement in both the umbilical artery and vein, selected complications associated with the procedure and suggestions for how to avoid them, and appropriate aftercare of the catheter. . . . .