gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Volume Visualization (2001)

In the past few years, there have been key advances in the three main approaches to the visualization of volumetric data: isosurfacing, slicing and volume rendering, which together make up the field of volume visualization. In this survey paper we set the scene by describing the fundamental techniques for each of these approaches, using this to motivate the range of advances which have evolved over the past few years. In isosurfacing, we see how the original marching cubes algorithm has matured, with improvements in robustness, topological consistency, accuracy and performance. In the performance area, we look in detail at pre‐processing steps which help identify data which contributes to the particular isosurface required. In slicing too, there are performance gains from identifying active cells quickly. In volume rendering, we describe the two main approaches of ray casting and projection. Both approaches have evolved technically over the past decade, and the holy grail of real‐time volume rendering has arguably been reached. The aim of this review paper is to pull these developments together in a coherent review of recent advances in volume visualization.
Transmission line probe based on a bow‐tie antenna (2001)

A high transmission probe for scanning near-field optical microscopy is discussed that is based on a bow-tie antenna. The proposed design of the transmission line probe relies on batch-fabricated hollow pyramidal silicon dioxide tips that are partly coated with aluminium to accomplish the tapered dipole antenna. Theoretical calculations of the field distribution were performed to investigate its optical properties. Results were compared with those of conventional aperture tips based on the same silicon dioxide tip configuration, and revealed unique properties with respect to the transmission efficiency.
The Sialyl Lewis<sup>x</sup> Group and its Analogues as Ligands for Selectins: Chemoenzymatic Syntheses and Biological Functions (1994)

Inhibitors of leukocyte adhesion have potential as antiphlogistics, antithrombotics, and immunosuppressants. The interaction of selectins and their membrane-bound carbohydrate ligands is decisive for the initial phase of adhesion, and the sialyl Lewisx group 1 is a common ligand for all three selectins. Thus the ingenious chemoenzymatic synthesis of 1 and its analogues reported recently by Paulson, Wong, et al. has received much attention.
Biomass liquefaction product analysis and upgrading (1983)

This paper presents an update of the analytical and process research underway in biomass liquefaction at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy. Product analyses have been performed on a slate of products supplied by laboratories doing research on biomass liquefaction through the Comparative Test Program of the International Energy Agency, Forestry Energy Cooperative Project D-1, Biomass Liquefaction Test Facility. Through this series of comparative analyses, a number of conclusions can be drawn relative to wood vs. peat as a feedstock and pyrolysis vs. high pressure processing. Process research results on upgrading biomass liquefaction products through catalytic hydrodeoxygenation are also included. These results point toward the production of high-valued transportation fuels from the crude biomass liquefaction products.
Percutaneous tracheostomy—A new method (1989)

A rapid method of definitive low tracheostomy utilizing an original instrument kit and percutaneous approach is described. Through a horizontal, shallow (1.5-cm) skin incision in the neck, a 12-ga needle is introduced into the tracheal lumen. A flexible metal guidewire is gently introduced through the needle, which is then removed. A specially designed percutaneous tracheostomy tool slides over the guidewire into the trachea; by squeezing its handles, the intercartilaginous space is enlarged, securing the placement of a cuffed tracheal cannula. After extensive and successful investigation in both cadaver and animal trials, the procedure was carried out in 80 patients who had a variety of underlying diseases, without serious complications. Of these 80 patients, 33 required airway control after neurosurgical interventions or after severe head trauma, 23 had percutaneous tracheostomy performed before radical excision for head and neck cancer, and the remaining 24 suffered from severe cardiorespiratory problems. Twenty-nine procedures were performed in the operating theater, and 51 procedures were carried out at the patient's bedside in the ICU, ED, or in the ward. There was no infection at the stoma site, and late healing was remarkable. It should be strongly emphasized that in the majority of our patients the procedure was carried out safely at the bedside. This resolved the logistic problem of moving very sick ICU patients (who are sometimes on high PEEP levels) to the OR. Although our experience is totally restricted to elective situations, we do postulate that it could be as effective in a variety of urgent situations.
Stability of the Metal Configuration in Chiral-at-Metal Half-Sandwich Compounds (2001)

Half-sandwich compounds with a three-legged piano-stool geometry are prominent examples of optically active chiral-at-metal complexes. In these compounds, the configuration at the metal atom may be stable or labile in solution. Configurationally stable compounds can be used for the elucidation of the stereochemical course of substitution reactions and for organic synthesis in ligand transformation reactions. With configurationally labile compounds, the rate of change of the metal configuration can be measured, which sets an upper limit with regard to the handling of the compounds in solution. Surprisingly, in a number of recent papers the lability of the metal configuration has been overlooked resulting in misinterpretations and wrong conclusions.
QoS in Wireless Mesh Networks : Challenges, Pitfalls, and Roadmap to its Realization (2007)

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have the potential to lead to a disruptive change in the landscape of wireless communications. The vision to support self-engineered wireless network infrastructures that allow for an organic growth of the network is to be realized by means of self-organizing mechanisms for network configuration, control and optimization. Supporting a Quality of Service (QoS) to enable a rich portfolio of applications and scenarios is foreseen to be vital for the success of next generation WMNs. Today’s cutting edge standards supporting WMNs (e.g. IEEE 802.16’s mesh mode and IEEE 802.11s) are not perfectly equipped to cater to this task. While providing the necessary flexibility as well as sophisticated protocol mechanisms, these standards come with an inherent complexity and suffer from innate problems with respect to QoS provisioning. As a result, care needs to be taken when developing algorithms for supporting QoS on top of the standard’s mechanisms or when deploying such WMNs. We believe that a holistic approach is necessary to tackle the challenge for truly enabling QoS in WMNs. Failure to do so will result in inefficient performance and, in the worst case QoS violations. This paper reviews the critical aspects that need to be considered using the IEEE 802.16-2004 standard’s mesh mode as a case-study. In addition to the research challenges, we highlight pitfalls and give pointers to realize QoS in WMNs.
Experience report: SSADM-designed system to object-oriented system (1998)

The pursuit to spot abnormal behaviors in and out of a network system is what led to a system known as intrusion detection systems for soft computing besides many researchers have applied machine learning around this area. Obviously, a single classifier alone in the classifications seems impossible to control network intruders. This limitation is what led us to perform dimensionality reduction by means of correlation-based feature selection approach (CFS approach) in addition to a refined ensemble model. The paper aims to improve the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) by proposing a CFS + Ensemble Classifiers (Bagging and Adaboost) which has high accuracy, high packet detection rate, and low false alarm rate. Machine Learning Ensemble Models with base classifiers (J48, Random Forest, and Reptree) were built. Binary classification, as well as Multiclass classification for KDD99 and NSLKDD datasets, was done while all the attacks were named as an anomaly and normal traffic. Class labels consisted of five major attacks, namely Denial of Service (DoS), Probe, User-to-Root (U2R), Root to Local attacks (R2L), and Normal class attacks. Results from the experiment showed that our proposed model produces 0 false alarm rate (FAR) and 99.90% detection rate (DR) for the KDD99 dataset, and 0.5% FAR and 98.60% DR for NSLKDD dataset when working with 6 and 13 selected features.
Intratracheal mesenchymal stem cell administration attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and endothelial dysfunction (2006)

The administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been proposed for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. However, the effect of intratracheally administered MSCs on the pulmonary vascular bed in monocrotaline-treated rats has not been determined. In the present study, the effect of intratracheal administration of rat MSCs (rMSCs) on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and impaired endothelium-dependent responses were investigated in the rat. Intravenous injection of monocrotaline increased pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance and decreased pulmonary vascular responses to acetylcholine without altering responses to sodium nitroprusside and without altering systemic responses to the vasodilator agents when responses were evaluated at 5 wk. The intratracheal injection of 3 x 10(6) rMSCs 2 wk after administration of monocrotaline attenuated the rise in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance and restored pulmonary responses to acetylcholine toward values measured in control rats. Treatment with rMSCs decreased the right ventricular hypertrophy induced by monocrotaline. Immunohistochemical studies showed widespread distribution of lacZ-labeled rMSCs in lung parenchyma surrounding airways in monocrotaline-treated rats. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that transplanted rMSCs retained expression of von Willebrand factor and smooth muscle actin markers specific for endothelial and smooth muscle phenotypes. However, immunolabeled cells were not detected in the wall of pulmonary vessels. These data suggest that the decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and improvement in response to acetylcholine an endothelium-dependent vasodilator in monocrotaline-treated rats may result from a paracrine effect of the transplanted rMSCs in lung parenchyma, which improves vascular endothelial function in the monocrotaline-injured lung.
Genetically similar VHSV isolates are differentially virulent in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (2012)

Two viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) isolates, VHSV-KR-CJA and VHSV-KR-YGH, were isolated from viral hemorrhagic septicemia disease outbreaks in flounder farms in South Korea. The VHSV-KR-CJA isolate was isolated from a flounder farm with high mortality (80%), while the VHSV-KR-YGH isolate was isolated from a flounder farm with low mortality (15%), suggesting that these isolates differ in virulence. The virulence of these isolates was evaluated in juvenile flounder via intraperitoneal injection. Consistent with their virulence in the field, mortality data revealed that the VHSV-KR-CJA isolate was highly pathogenic (cumulative mortality of 80%), while the VHSV-KR-YGH isolate was less pathogenic in flounder (cumulative mortality of 20%). To characterize the genotypes of these viruses, the full open reading frames (ORFs) encoding nucleoprotein N, phosphoprotein P, matrix protein M, glycoprotein G, nonstructural viral protein NV, and polymerase L of these viruses were sequenced and analyzed. Sequence analysis revealed that both isolates are genetically very similar (identical amino acid sequences for P, M, NV, and L and >99.7 and 99.8% amino acid sequence identity for N and G, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both of these viruses belong to the Genotype IVa group, suggesting that they originated from a common ancestral virus. The low pathogenicity VHSV strain may potentially evolve to become a more pathogenic strain through only a few nucleotide substitutions. Further functional analyses of mutations in VHSV genes are necessary to identify factors that determine VHSV pathogenicity in flounder.
A coactivator of pre-mRNA splicing (1998)

The nuclear matrix antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) B1C8 is a novel serine (S) and arginine (R)-rich protein associated with splicing complexes and is named here SRm160 (SR-related matrix protein of 160 kD). SRm160 contains multiple SR repeats, but unlike proteins of the SR family of splicing factors, lacks an RNA recognition motif. SRm160 and a related protein SRm300 (the 300-kD nuclear matrix antigen recognized by mAb B4A11) form a complex that is required for the splicing of specific pre-mRNAs. The SRm160/300 complex associates with splicing complexes and promotes splicing through interactions with SR family proteins. Binding of SRm160/300 to pre-mRNA is normally also dependent on U1 snRNP and is stabilized by U2 snRNP. Thus, SRm160/300 forms multiple interactions with components bound directly to important sites within pre-mRNA. The results suggest that a complex of the nuclear matrix proteins SRm160 and SRm300 functions as a coactivator of pre-mRNA splicing.
SEEDLESS PEPPERS (1948)

Journal Article SEEDLESS PEPPERS: A Single Mendelian Recessive Character Get access LAWRENCE C. CURTIS, LAWRENCE C. CURTIS University of ConnecticutStorrs, Conn. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOHN SCARCHUK JOHN SCARCHUK University of ConnecticutStorrs, Conn. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 39, Issue 5, May 1948, Pages 159–160, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a105837 Published: 01 May 1948
A study on the zero moment point measurement for biped walking robots (2003)

The bipedal robot structure is highly suitable for working in human environments due to its advantages in obstacle avoidance and its ability to be employed as a human substitute. However, the complex dynamics involved make biped robot control a challenging task. The zero moment point (ZMP) trajectory in the robot foot support area is a significant criterion for the stability of the walk. In many studies, ZMP coordinates are computed using a model of the robot and information from the joint encoders. A more direct approach is to use measurement data from sensors mounted in the robot feet. In this paper, a foot-mounted ZMP sensor design based on force sensing resistors (FSR) is presented and experimental ZMP data obtained from the biped walking robots Mari-1 and Mari-2 and human subjects are compared in the context of reference gait generation for biped walking robots.
Calibration of laser range finders based on moving object tracking in Intelligent Space (2009)

In this research, we address the calibration of laser range finders distributed in intelligent space (iSpace) which is a space with multiple embedded and networked sensors and actuators. In order to realize automated calibration, we utilize the mobile robots in the space. The mobility of mobile robots allows us to cover wide areas of the environment without placing many landmarks in the exact positions beforehand. The calibration is performed based on the positions of the mobile robots in world coordinate system and their corresponding points in local coordinate system. We also extend this approach to utilize general moving objects such as humans and not limited to mobile robots. The relative position and orientation of sensors are calculated based on the tracking result of moving objects in overlapping observable areas of different sensors. Experimental results show the validity of the proposed method.
Typographic style is more than cosmetic (1990)

There is disagreement about the role and importance of typographic style (source code formatting and commenting) in program comprehension. Results from experiments and opinions in programming style books are mixed. This article presents principles of typographic style consistent and compatible with the results of program comprehension studies. Four experiments demonstrate that the typographic style principles embodied in the book format significantly aid program comprehension and reduce maintenance effort. —Authors' Abstract
High-Performance Gate-Enhanced Power UMOSFET With Optimized Structure (2010)

An optimized gate-enhanced (GE) power UMOSFET with split gate (SGE-UMOS) is proposed. This device shows the reduction in specific on-state resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sp</sub> ) at a breakdown voltage of 119 V as compared to the gradient oxide-bypassed (GOB) UMOS and GE-UMOS devices, which is due to the higher N-type concentration in the drift region. In addition, the split-gate floating structure in SGE-UMOS also reduces the gate-source electrode parasitic capacitor. The numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed device features high performance with improved R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sp</sub> and Qg as compared to that of the GOB-UMOS and GE-UMOS devices.
Cooperative Electrocatalytic O<sub>2</sub> Reduction Involving Co(salophen) with <i>p-</i>Hydroquinone as an Electron–Proton Transfer Mediator (2017)

The molecular cobalt complex, Co(salophen), and para-hydroquinone (H<sub>2</sub>Q) serve as effective cocatalysts for the electrochemical reduction of O<sub>2</sub> to water. Mechanistic studies reveal redox cooperativity between Co(salophen) and H<sub>2</sub>Q. H<sub>2</sub>Q serves as an electron-proton transfer mediator (EPTM) that enables electrochemical O<sub>2</sub> reduction at higher potentials and with faster rates than is observed with Co(salophen) alone. Replacement of H<sub>2</sub>Q with the higher-potential EPTM, 2-chloro-H<sub>2</sub>Q, allows for faster O<sub>2</sub> reduction rates at higher applied potential. These results demonstrate a unique strategy to achieve improved performance with molecular electrocatalyst systems.
Teflon hierarchical nanopillars with dry and wet adhesive properties (2012)

Abstract The superior material properties of β‐keratin along with the hierarchical high‐aspect‐ratio structure of geckos' foot pad have enabled geckos to stick readily and rapidly to almost any surfaces in both dry and wet conditions. In this research, nonsticky fluoropolymer (Teflon AF) resembling β‐keratin rigidity and having an extremely low surface energy and dielectric constant was applied to fabricate a novel dry adhesive consisting of high‐aspect‐ratio nanopillars terminated with a “fluffy” top layer. Both the nanopillars and the terminating layer are fabricated concurrently by replica molding using a nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide membrane as the mold. These Teflon AF hierarchical nanostructures are shown to have an exceptional capacity to generate strong adhesion in both dry conditions and under water because of combined actions of van der Waals forces, electrostatic attractions, and hydrophobic effects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Effect of Manganese Incorporation Manner on an Iron-Based Catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (2007)

系统的研究被承担调查锰加入方式的效果在上组织上，性质，体积和表面分阶段执行基于铁的 Fischer-Tropsch 合成(英尺) 的作文， reduction/carburization 行为，和表面盐基度催化剂。催化剂样品被 N2 physisorption 描绘， X 光检查光电子光谱学(XPS ) ， H2 (或公司) 规划温度的减小(TPR ) ， CO2 规划温度的解吸附作用(TPD ) ，和 M ? ssbauer 光谱学。催化剂的英尺表演连续地在一个泥浆阶段被学习搅动的坦克反应堆(CSTR ) 。描述结果显示使用一起沉淀方法合并的锰倡导者能改进氧化铁的分散，并且减少氧化铁雏晶的尺寸。与受精方法合并的锰在催化剂的表面上被充实。因为锰的过多的丰富，与受精方法增加的锰倡导者在催化剂表面上在 H2，公司，和 syngas 压制催化剂的减小和 carburization。催化剂补充说用一起沉淀方法的锰为重烃(C12+) 有最高的公司变换(51.9%) 和最低选择。
In Vitro Callus Culture and Plant Regeneration from Different Explants of Groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.). (1996)

Callus induction and morphogenesis. from different groundnut explants were tested on MS salts supplemented with B5 vitamins, different concentrations and combinations of IAA, NAA. IBA, KIN and BAP. The explants were hypocotry, epicotyl, axillary bud, cotyiedonary node, immature leaf and immature embryos. The frequency of callus induction increased with increasing concentrations of auxins, the optimal levels being 3.0 mg/l of IAA or NAA and 0.5 mg/l of KlN. Among the explants, immature leaf was found to be most efficient explant in producing callus. Shoots were induced from callus cultures of hypocotyl, epicotyl, axillary bud, cotyledonary node, immature leaf and immature embryos with varying frequencies in the medium containing IAA or NAA (0.5 mg/l ) and KIN or BAP (0.5 - 2.0 mg/l ). Maximum number of multiple shoots were obtained from cotyledonary node explant. The regenerated shoots rooted best on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l of IBA and 0.2 mg/l of KIN. Regenerated plants were norrrlially fertile. In vitro produced plantlets were transferred to soil and placed in glass house and they developed successfully, matured, and set seed. No phenotypic variants were observed among any of the plants produced in these experiments. Thus, this regeneration system offers an additional and more efficient tool for groundnut biotechnology research promrammes.
An efficient equivalent channel model for LDPC coded BICM-ID system (2011)

This paper focuses on the analysis of the decoding algorithm for low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) scheme. An equivalent channel model for hard-decision feedback and soft-decision feedback iterative decoding is proposed. With the theory of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) binary transmitted system, the equivalent model is structured by random move between different points in the constellation and elimination of the effects of it afterwards. It is proved in the literature that by using the simplified method, the transmitter only considering all-zeros codeword suffices to elaborate the error performance compared with the entire encode-decode system. Simulation results show that conventional LDPC coded BICM-ID system and the simplified all-zeros model have the same expected decoder behavior. The proposed technique is flexible in LDPC coded BICM-ID system using the binary sum-product algorithm (SPA) and can be extended to any communication systems based on linear code and binary iterative decoder, which can bring about low complexity implementation during the simulation.