gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review of an Unfavorable Subset of Breast Cancer: Estrogen Receptor Positive Progesterone Receptor Negative (2011)

Estrogen receptor (ER)(+) progesterone receptor (PR)(-) tumors are a distinct subset of breast cancers characterized by aggressive behavior and tamoxifen resistance in spite of being ER(+). They are categorized as luminal B tumors and have greater genomic instability and a higher proliferation rate. High growth factor (GF) signaling and membranous ER activity contribute to the aggressive behavior of these tumors. The absence of PR is attributable to low serum estrogen, low levels of nuclear ER, and features of molecular crosstalk between GFs and membranous ER. PR expression is also downregulated by expression of mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII). This subset of patients has greater expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-1 and HER-2 and active GF signaling mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Currently, aromatase inhibitors, fulvestrant, and chemotherapy may be the favored treatment approaches for this subset of patients. Overcoming tamoxifen resistance with targeted therapies such as gefitinib is being evaluated and strategies involving short courses of tamoxifen have been postulated for prevention of recurrence of this subtype. Understanding the interplay between molecular endocrinology and tumor biology has provided experimental therapeutic insights, and continued work in this area holds the promise of future advances in prognosis.
High efficiency visible electroluminescence from silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon nitride using a transparent doping layer (2005)

We have fabricated light-emitting diodes with a transparent doping layer on silicon nanocrystals (nc-Si) embeded in silicon nitride matrix formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Under forward biased condition, orange electroluminescence (EL) with its peak wavelength at about 600 nm was observed at room temperature. The peak position of the EL is very similar to that of the photoluminescence (PL) and the emitted EL intensity is proportional to the current density passing through the device. We suggest that the observed EL is originated from electron-hole pair recombination in nc-Si. By using indium tin oxide and n-type SiC layer combination as a transparent doping layer, we obtained high external quantum efficiency greater than 1.6%.
A MATLAB to Fortran 90 translator and its effectiveness (1996)

Article Free Access Share on A MATLAB to Fortran 90 translator and its effectiveness Authors: Luiz De Rose Center for Supercomputing Research and Development, Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois Center for Supercomputing Research and Development, Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IllinoisView Profile , David Padua Center for Supercomputing Research and Development, Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois Center for Supercomputing Research and Development, Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IllinoisView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICS '96: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on SupercomputingJanuary 1996 Pages 309–316https://doi.org/10.1145/237578.237627Published:01 January 1996Publication History 30citation1,185DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations30Total Downloads1,185Last 12 Months28Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Chromogenic anion sensors (2003)

Chromogenic sensors for anions generally consist of two parts: anion receptors and chromophores. In this review, 6 types of chromogenic anion sensors are described, namely, NH-based hydrogen bonding, Lewis acid, metal-ion template, transition metal complexes, chromogenic guest displacement and chromoreactands. The first 4 types possess anion receptors attached directly to the chromophores while the guest displacement techniques employ indicators as the ones that were replaced by specific anions. The last type has emerged recently and uses specific reactions between chromogenic hosts or indicators and particular anions to cause dramatic colour changes.
An advanced architecture for telesystems applications (2002)

An advanced architecture has been developed for telesystem applications. It features emerging network communication concepts and modern man/machine interfaces integrated with recent advances in autonomous intelligent control. Details of the architecture are presented. Recent and potential future applications are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of γ-Phosphate-Linked Nucleoside Affinity Chromatography Resins for Protein Purification, Including Ribonucleoside Triphosphate Reductase (1998)

Seven nucleotides linked through the gamma-phosphate to diamine hydrocarbons were synthesized and coupled to Sepharose for use in protein purification affinity chromatography. The synthesis involved converting the nucleotides to nucleoside-5'- trimetaphosphates using dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, followed by nucleophilic ring opening of the trimetaphosphate with an alpha, omega-diamino hydrocarbon to generate a gamma-phosphoamide linkage in each nucleotide.
Smart, adaptive mapping of parallelism in the presence of external workload (2013)

Given the wide scale adoption of multi-cores in main stream computing, parallel programs rarely execute in isolation and have to share the platform with other applications that compete for resources. If the external workload is not considered when mapping a program, it leads to a significant drop in performance. This paper describes an automatic approach that combines compile-time knowledge of the program with dynamic runtime workload information to determine the best adaptive mapping of programs to available resources. This approach delivers increased performance for the target application without penalizing the existing workload. This approach is evaluated on NAS and SpecOMP parallel bench-mark programs across a wide range of workload scenarios. On average, our approach achieves performance gain of 1.5x over a state-of-art scheme on a 12 core machine.
Dielectric-Lined Circular Waveguide with Increased Usable Bandwidth (1964)

This report describes how the useful (single-mode) bandwidth of circular waveguide can be significantly increased by using a smaller diameter with dielectric lining. The increased bandwidth results from an increase in the ratio of the cutoff frequency of the second, or TM-01, mode over that of the dominant, or TE-11 mode. A cavity test is described which permits the measurement of mode separation for any thickness of dielectric lining. A lining with a dielectric constant in the vicinity of 4 appears to be near optimum for maximum single-mode bandwidth. For a dielectric constant of 3.8 (fused silica), the greatest mode separation is obtained if the dielectric cross section has about 0.44 of the area of the entire cross section, in which case the useful bandwidth is about doubled (perhaps increased from 8 to 16 per cent, if the entire band is to clear the TE-11 cutoff frequency by 20 per cent). Over the useful bandwidth of such a waveguide, the guide wavelength may be calculated approximately by the simple waveguide formula in terms of the equivalent dielectric constant, as determined by the cavity measurement. Applications which would benefit from increased dominant-mode bandwidth in circular waveguide include rotary joints carrying circular polarization, rotary attenuators and phase shifters, and array radiators.
WCDMA for UMTS: HSPA Evolution and LTE (2010)

As wireless communications technologies evolve, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) seems a strong candidate for providing multimedia to the handset, as well as Universal Mobile Telecommunications Services (UMTS)--which is to say common wireless communications standards over most of the world. WCDMA for UMTS sets out to decipher the standards documents of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Specifically, this book deals with the 3GPP documents on Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) for Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA). This book should prove valuable to readers who plan to implement WCDMA in hardware designs or service offerings. A series of engineering problems make up the backbone of the book, and each part of the deployment process is explained via text and calculations. For example, in the discussion on planning a radio network for WCDMA service provision, the book explains precisely how to take into account requirements (for quality of service, user capacity, and coverage) and conditions (such as terrain). Readers get formulas into which they can plug relative traffic predictions for voice, real-time data, non-real-time data, and overhead. There's also an explanation of how to interpret the formula output for deploying antennae. This is a serious engineering handbook for those who are involved in deploying WCDMA. --David Wall Topics covered: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA)--what it is, and (especially) how to implement it in a wireless network. Radio interface protocols, packet traffic, and network planning all are covered.
Oestrogen and nuclear binding sites. Determination of specific sites by [3H]oestradiol exchange (1972)

A method was developed for the determination of the number of specific oestradiol-binding sites in the nuclear fraction of oestrogen-sensitive tissues. The method is based on the exchange of [(3)H]oestradiol with non-labelled oestradiol that is bound to nuclear binding sites. The number of specific nuclear binding sites after the injection of 2.5mug of oestradiol, an amount sufficient to saturate all binding sites, is 1.6-1.7pmol per immature uterus. The number of sites occupied after an injection of physiological amounts of oestradiol (0.1mug) was 0.46pmol. The injection of oestradiol results in an increased number of nuclear binding sites in uterus and vagina, but has no effect on kidney or muscle. Injections of testosterone or progesterone failed to increase the number of uterine nuclear binding sites. This method permits an evaluation of the number of oestradiol-binding sites in the nuclear fraction of various tissues as a function of either endogenous oestradiol or non-labelled oestradiol administered by injection.
Direct and Simple Conversion of Codeine to Thebainone-A and Dihydrothebainone (1999)

&,&i ct -Codeine can be rearranged directly to thebainone-A in 74% yield by treatment with BuLi.Hydrogenation of the crude material followed by crystallization as the hydrochloride salt leads to dihydrothebainone in 78% yield.
Prediction of volume of distribution at steady state in humans: comparison of different approaches (2012)

Compared with allometric scaling, the Oie-Tozer method and correlations between human and animal Vd(ss) are more accurate. All the three methods can be used for accurate predictions of human Vd(ss) just prior to first-in-human studies. Although in vivo animal data are not required, tissue composition-based approaches and inter-tissue correlation of K(p) provide reasonable predictive accuracies and are promising for physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. The in silico models are most suitable for high-throughput screening of compounds, which are at an early stage of development.
A Simplified Measurement Method of Solar - Optical Properties of Multi - Pane Glazing Units (2013)

Energy-efficient windows with double-or triple-pane glazing units are currently widely utilized in building applications. The solar-optical properties of glazing units can greatly affect their energy and daylighting performance. However, it is generally difficult to measure the solar-optical properties of glazings using the current ISO standards, especially for multi-pane units. This paper presents a simplified test method suitable for multi-pane glazing. Three sets of double-pane Low-Emissivity (LOW-E) glazing units were tested under ISO standard and proposed methods. Good agreement between the two testing methods was obtained. However, the simplified method required much less experimental time and labor..
Efficiently Answering Probabilistic Threshold Top-k Queries on Uncertain Data (2008)

In this paper, we propose a novel type of probabilistic threshold top-k queries on uncertain data, and give an exact algorithm. More details can be found in [4].
Effect of heating strategies on whey protein denaturation—Revisited by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2015)

Previous standards in the area of effect of heat treatment processes on milk protein denaturation were based primarily on laboratory-scale analysis and determination of denaturation degrees by, for example, electrophoresis. In this study, whey protein denaturation was revisited by pilot-scale heating strategies and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC/MC Q-TOF) analysis. Skim milk was heat treated by the use of 3 heating strategies, namely plate heat exchanger (PHE), tubular heat exchanger (THE), and direct steam injection (DSI), under various heating temperatures (T) and holding times. The effect of heating strategy on the degree of denaturation of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin was determined using LC/MC Q-TOF of pH 4.5-soluble whey proteins. Furthermore, effect of heating strategy on the rennet-induced coagulation properties was studied by oscillatory rheometry. In addition, rennet-induced coagulation of heat-treated micellar casein concentrate subjected to PHE was studied. For skim milk, the whey protein denaturation increased significantly as T and holding time increased, regardless of heating method. High denaturation degrees were obtained for T >100°C using PHE and THE, whereas DSI resulted in significantly lower denaturation degrees, compared with PHE and THE. Rennet coagulation properties were impaired by increased T and holding time regardless of heating method, although DSI resulted in less impairment compared with PHE and THE. No significant difference was found between THE and PHE for effect on rennet coagulation time, whereas the curd firming rate was significantly larger for THE compared with PHE. Micellar casein concentrate possessed improved rennet coagulation properties compared with skim milk receiving equal heat treatment.
Statistical Inference of a Convergent Antibody Repertoire Response to Influenza Vaccine (2015)

Abstract Background Vaccines dramatically affect an individual’s adaptive immune system, and thus provide an excellent means to study human immunity. Upon vaccination, the B cells that express antibodies (Abs) that happen to bind the vaccine are stimulated to proliferate and undergo mutagenesis at their Ab locus. This process may alter the composition of B cell lineages within an individual, which are known collectively as the antibody repertoire (AbR). Antibodies are also highly expressed in whole blood, potentially enabling unbiased RNA sequencing technologies to query this diversity. Less is known about the diversity of AbR responses across individuals to a given vaccine and if individuals tend to yield a similar response to the same antigenic stimulus. Methods Here we implement a bioinformatic pipeline that extracts the AbR information from a time-series RNA-seq dataset of 5 patients who were administered a seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV). We harness the detailed time-series nature of this dataset and use methods based in functional data analysis (FDA) to identify the B cell lineages that respond to the vaccine. We then design and implement rigorous statistical tests in order to ask whether or not these patients exhibit a convergent AbR response to the same TIV. Results We find that high-resolution time-series data can be used to help identify the Ab lineages that respond to an antigenic stimulus, and that this response can exhibit a convergent nature across patients inoculated with the same vaccine. However, correlations in AbR diversity among individuals prior to inoculation can confound inference of a convergent signal unless it is taken into account. Conclusions We developed a framework to identify the elements of an AbR that respond to an antigen. This information could be used to understand the diversity of different immune responses in different individuals, as well as to gauge the effectiveness of the immune response to a given stimulus within an individual. We also present a framework for testing a convergent hypothesis between AbRs; a hypothesis that is more difficult to test than previously appreciated. Our discovery of a convergent signal suggests that similar epitopes do select for antibodies with similar sequence characteristics.
The Demonstration of Capsules About Hemolytic Streptococci with India Ink or Azo Blue (1936)

Journal Article The Demonstration of Capsules About Hemolytic Streptococci with India Ink or Azo Blue Get access E. M. Butt, E. M. Butt Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. W. Bonynge, C. W. Bonynge Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. L. Joyce R. L. Joyce Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 58, Issue 1, January 1936, Pages 5–9, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/58.1.5 Published: 01 January 1936 Article history Received: 03 May 1935 Published: 01 January 1936
<title>Nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery using the CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> laser: experimental studies in human cadaver eyes</title> (2001)

Non-penetrating trabeculectomy (NPT) is a potential replacement to conventional trabeculectomy, as it eliminates the necessity of penetrating the eye which is the cause of most of the complications entailed by the latter operation. NPT however, requires considerable surgical skill, is time consuming and entails complications of its own. We have shown that it can be easily performed by using the CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser to ablate the sclera and corneoscleral tissues to the required depth. The use of the CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser eliminates the danger of inadvertent perforation, a common complication of NPT as the tissue ablation ceases when the end-point of the operation, the aqueous humor percolation, is reached. Our experiments, performed on animal and human cadaver eyes showed that CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser NPT rapid is easily mastered and performed rapid and eliminates almost completely the risk of complications.
A Robust Technique to Recognize Objects in Images, and the DB Problems it Raises (2000)

In the context of content-based image retrieval from large databases, traditional systems typically compute a single descriptor per image based for example on color histograms. The result of a query is in general the images whose descriptors are the closest to the descriptor of the query image. Systems built this way are able to return images that are globally similar to the query image, but can not return images that contain \emphsome of the objects that are in the query. Recent advances in image processing techniques, however, make this possible by computing local descriptors that are well suited for detecting similar objects in images. Obviously powerful, this fine-grain image recognition also changes the way the retrieval process is performed: instead of submitting a single query to retrieve similar images, multiple queries must be submitted, their partial results post-processed before delivering the answer. This paper first presents a family of local descriptors that support fine-grain image recognition. Our technique is robust: it detects similar objects in color images despite orientation changes (rotation of objects), translations, resolution changes, illumination variations, and partial occlusions. Many multi-dimensional indexes have been proposed to speed-up the retrieval process. These indexes, however, have been mostly designed for and evaluated against image databases where each image is described by a single descriptor. While this paper does not present any new indexing scheme, it shows that the three most efficient indexing techniques known today are still too slow to be used in practice with local descriptors because of the changes in the retrieval process.
Interfacial Polygonal Nanopatterning of Stable Microbubbles (2008)

Micrometer-sized bubbles are unstable and therefore difficult to make and store for substantial lengths of time. Short-term stabilization is achieved by the addition of amphiphilic molecules, which reduce the driving force for dissolution. When these molecules crystallize on the air/liquid interface, the lifetime of individual bubbles may extend over a few months. We demonstrated low gas-fraction dispersions with mean bubble radii of less than 1 micrometer and stability lasting more than a year. An insoluble, self-assembled surfactant layer covers the surface of the microbubbles, which can result in nanometer-scale hexagonal patterning that we explain with thermodynamic and molecular models. The elastic response of the interface arrests the shrinkage of the bubbles. Our study identifies a route to fabricate highly stable dispersions of microbubbles.
Glucan-Associated Protein Modulations and Ultrastructural Changes of the Cell Wall in<i>Candida albicans</i>Treated with Micafungin, a Water-Soluble, Lipopeptide Antimycotic (2005)

The composition of glucan-associated proteins (GAP) in the cell wall of Candida albicans was strongly affected by treatment with a sub-MIC yet beta-glucan synthesis inhibitory concentration (0.01 microg/ml) of FK463 (micafungin). Namely, a decrease in enzymes of glucose metabolism (mostly enolase and a novel 40 kDaltons component, here identified as the enzyme fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase) was observed, and this was coupled with an increase in two beta1-3 exo-glucanase isoforms (34 and 44 kDa, respectively). No GAP changes were detected in the same strain of the fungus made resistant to the drug, attesting to the specificity of the observed cell wall protein modulation. In addition, GAP changes were accompanied by marked ultrastructural alterations upon treatment with the sub-MIC dose of the drug, the majority of which was an aberrant cell surface morphology and a derangement of the normal layering of the cell wall. Our data demonstrate that sub-MIC doses of micafungin do critically affect not only the beta-glucan synthetic machinery but also protein composition and the whole cell wall structure of Candida albicans.