gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Difference of signal change by a language task on autistic patients using functional MRI (2004)

We considered that fMRI may be a useful non-invasive method to evaluate the cerebral functional abnormality in autistic patients.
Time-gated transillumination of objects in highly scattering media using a subpicosecond optical amplifier (1999)

We have developed an optical system that simultaneously selects and amplifies photons in a time window of less than 10 ps. This new subpicosecond optical amplifier allowed us to realize one-dimensional images of a striped pattern with a spatial resolution of 200-/spl mu/m through a 30-mm liquid scattering medium. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to study the relative importance of parameters characterizing the medium and the time-gated amplifying system in relation to the image sharpness. The potential application of this system in medical imaging is discussed.
Enhancing Radiotherapy With Cyclooxygenase-2 Enzyme Inhibitors: A Rational Advance? (2003)

Results of preclinical studies suggesting that the efficacy of molecular therapies is enhanced when they are combined with radiation have generated a surge of clinical trials combining these modalities. We reviewed the literature to identify the rationale and experimental foundation supporting the use of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors with standard radiotherapy regimens in current clinical trials. Radiation affects the ability of cells to divide and proliferate and induces the expression of genes involved in signaling pathways that promote cell survival or trigger cell death. Future advances in radiotherapy will hinge on understanding mechanisms by which radiation-induced transcription of genes governs cell death and survival, the selective control of this process, and the optimal approaches to combining this knowledge with existing therapeutic modalities. COX-2 is expressed in all stages of cancer, and in several cancers its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis. Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies indicates that COX-2–derived prostaglandins participate in carcinogenesis, inflammation, immune response suppression, apoptosis inhibition, angiogenesis, and tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Clinical trial results have demonstrated that selective inhibition of COX-2 can alter the development and the progression of cancer. In animal models, selective inhibition of COX-2 activity is associated with the enhanced radiation sensitivity of tumors without appreciably increasing the effects of radiation on normal tissue, and preclinical evidence suggests that the principal mechanism of radiation potentiation through selective COX-2 inhibition is the direct increase in cellular radiation sensitivity and the direct inhibition of tumor neovascularization. Results of current early-phase studies of non–small-cell lung, esophageal, cervical, and brain cancers will determine whether therapies that combine COX-2 inhibitors and radiation will enter randomized clinical trials.
Immunomodulation with thymopentin in humans. (1984)

The effect of thymopentin administered i.v. or s.c. on the levels of circulating specific IgM and IgG KLH (key-hole limpet haemocyanine) antibodies and non-specific immunoglobulins were measured at weekly intervals in elderly volunteers for three subsequent weeks after vaccination with 500 micrograms KLH. As compared with the placebo group, specific IgM and IgG antibody responses significantly increased in the s.c. treated group, but remained at significantly lower levels in the i.v. treated groups. Increases in non-specific immunoglobulin levels were observed after vaccination in the placebo group; no such increases appeared in the groups treated with thymopentin. The results demonstrate the immunomodulatory effect of thymopentin in humans. It is assumed that, depending on the route of application (which indirectly represents different doses), thymopentin can either stimulate or inhibit immune processes. As an immunomodulator it may represent a new therapeutic tool for immunostimulation as well as for specific immunosuppression.
Distributed Heterogeneous Database System Synchronization Problems in Intelligent Building (2012)

Intelligent building is the product of the computer and information technology network to penetrate the construction industry, which fully reflects the architectural art and information technologies. This paper focuses on information platform in the intelligent building construction and application process for different sectors, different types of database's data integration, processing, capture data changes, transmission and synchronization. Through studied the method of data transformation, change data capture methods, making the integration of distributed heterogeneous databases in the process of data synchronization issues have been satisfactorily resolved.
CENTER OF GRAVITY HEIGHT: A ROUND-ROBIN MEASUREMENT PROGRAM (1991)

A round-robin center of gravity height measurement study was conducted to assess current practice in the measurement of the vertical position of the center of gravity (c.g.) of light truck-type vehicles. The study was performed by UMTRI for the Mototr Vehicle Manufacturers' Association. Chrysler, Ford, General Motors and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration perticipated. The primary objectives were (i) to determine to what extent the differing experimental procedures currently used by the participating laboratories result in significant differences in the measured vertical position of the center of mass of light truck-type vehicles, and (ii) to gain insight into the physical causes of such differences. The results of the program shoved (i) that there were significant differences between the c.g. height measurement results obtained by different laboratories, (ii) repeatability of results within the individual laboratories was generally good, and (iii) close examination of the individual procedures tended to explain the differences in results between laboratories, this providing the expecctation that variability in this regard could be significantly reduced.
Autoxidation of Ethylbenzene:  The Mechanism Elucidated (2007)

Using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, we elucidated the mechanism of ethylbenzene autoxidation, at about 420 K. The generally accepted literature mechanism indeed fails to explain basic experimental observations, such as the high ketone to alcohol ratio. The hitherto overlooked propagation of 1-phenyl-ethylhydroperoxide, the primary chain product, is now unambiguously identified as the source of acetophenone as well as of 1-phenylethanol via a subsequent activated cage reaction. A similar mechanism allowed rationalizing of the cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol formation in the autoxidation of cyclohexane. The primary hydroperoxide product is found to react about 10 times faster than the arylalkane substrate with the chain carrying peroxyl radicals, whereas in cyclohexane autoxidation, this reactivity ratio is as high as 55. In combination with a lower efficiency of the above-mentioned cage reaction, this results in a rather high 1-phenyl-ethylhydroperoxide yield and causes a high ketone/alcohol ratio. Radicals are shown to be predominantly generated via a concerted bimolecular reaction of the hydroperoxide with the arylalkane substrate, producing alkyl and hydrated alkoxy free radicals. In this autoxidation system, no reaction product exhibits a major initiation-enhancing autocatalytic effect, as is the case with cyclohexanone in cyclohexane autoxidation. As a result, the conversion rate increases less sharply in time compared to cyclohexane autoxidation. In fact, even some slight inhibition can be observed, due to the formation of chain-terminating HO2* radicals in the alcohol co-oxidation. At 418 K, the chain length is estimated to be about 300-500 for conversions up to 10%.
Die Darstellung höherer Fettaldehyde (1958)

Abstract Aus Fettalkoholen und Selendioxyd werden selenigsaure Ester hergestellt, aus denen durch thermische Zersetzung Fettaldehyde und Selen gebildet werden.
Immunologic and Biologic Properties of Antibodies to a Glucagon-Serum Albumin Polymer (1970)

Antibodies to beef-pork glucagon were produced in rabbits by complexing the hormone to rabbit serum albumin using a modification of a glutaraldehyde method. Antisera obtained after 6 months of immunization contained glucagon binding capacity of up to 10 μg/ml. Complement fixation and inhibition experiments indicated that all the antibodies were directed against the glucagon portion of the complex and that equal affinity existed between free andcomplexed hormone. A displacement of 131I-glucagon from antiserum was observed with .05 ng glucagon. There was significant cross-reactivity with an extract of jejunal mucosa, although the binding curves were dissimilar. Preincubation of glucagon with antiserum abolished therises of serum insulin and glucose in the rat produced by glucagon alone. Such preincubation also blocked the increases in hepatic phosphorylase activity and glucose output produced by glucagon during perfusion of isolated rat livers.(Endocrinology87:1055,1970
Flying vaccinator; a transgenic mosquito delivers a <i>Leishmania</i> vaccine via blood feeding (2010)

'Flying vaccinator' is the concept of using genetically engineered hematophagous insects to deliver vaccines. Here we show the generation of a transgenic anopheline mosquito that expresses the Leishmania vaccine candidate, SP15, fused to monomeric red fluorescent protein (mDsRed) in its salivary glands. Importantly, mice bitten repeatedly by the transgenic mosquitoes raised anti-SP15 antibodies, indicating delivery of SP15 via blood feeding with its immunogenicity intact. Thus, this technology makes possible the generation of transgenic mosquitoes that match the original concept of a 'flying vaccinator'. However, medical safety issues and concerns about informed consent mitigate the use of the 'flying vaccinator' as a method to deliver vaccines. We propose that this expression system could be applied to elucidate saliva-malaria sporozoite interactions.
Tn7: a target site‐specific transposon (1991)

The bacterial transposon Tn7 is an unusual mobile DNA segment. Most transposable elements move at low-frequency and display little target site-selectivity. By contrast, Tn7 inserts at high-frequency into a single specific site in the chromosomes of many bacteria. In the absence of this specific site, called attTn7 in Escherichia coli where Tn7 has been most extensively studied, Tn7 transposes at low-frequency and inserts into many different sites. Much has recently been learned about Tn7 transposition from both genetic and biochemical studies. The Tn7 recombination machinery is elaborate and includes a large number of Tn7-encoded proteins, probably host-encoded proteins and also rather large cis-acting transposition sequences at the transposon termini and at the target site. Dissection of the Tn7 transposition mechanism has revealed that the DNA strand breakage and joining reactions that underlie the translocation of Tn7 have several unusual features.
A Gasoline Fueled Pre-Chamber Jet Ignition Combustion System at Unthrottled Conditions (2012)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Turbulent Jet Ignition is an advanced spark-initiated pre-chamber combustion system for otherwise standard spark ignition engines. Combustion in the main chamber is initiated by jets of partially combusted (reacting) pre-chamber products which provide a high energy ignition source. The resultant widely distributed ignition sites allow relatively small flame travel distances enabling short combustion durations and high burn rates. Demonstrated benefits include ultra-lean operation (λ≻2) at part load and high-load knock improvement near stoichiometric conditions.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Although previous results of this combustion system have been very promising, the main hurdle of this system has been the need for a dual-fuel system, with liquid gasoline used in the main combustion chamber and small fractions of gaseous propane in the pre-chamber. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that this combustion system can operate robustly using a sole gasoline system, with vaporized gasoline found to be a successful substitute for the pre-chamber propane over all comparable conditions. With this concept, the test engine recorded a peak net thermal efficiency of 42.8% (190 g/kWh ISFCn) and single-digit engine-out NOx emissions. The pre-chamber jet ignition system was also examined at unthrottled stoichiometric conditions up to 5500 rev/min, with successful operation demonstrated up to 13.2 bar IMEPn. Additionally, jet ignition combustion was also examined in order to evaluate pressure rise rate limitations for potential future high-load powertrain applications.</div></div>
A comparison of photopic and scotopic electroretinographic changes in early diabetic retinopathy. (1992)

Previous studies of early diabetic retinopathy have shown that oscillatory potential (OP) amplitudes are reduced in many diabetic patients. OP amplitude is believed to be a more sensitive indicator of the development of future retinopathy than b-wave amplitude of the scotopic electroretinogram (ERG). Because OPs measured to a bright white flash reflect both rod and cone system activity, it is important to compare OP amplitudes to photopic ERG measures as well as scotopic measures in early diabetic retinopathy. In this study, OPs and ERG responses were measured under photopic and scotopic conditions in a group of diabetic patients. Although OPs were reduced in amplitude in the diabetic group, several other parameters of the scotopic and photopic b-waves were impaired. The results indicate that b-wave activity may indicate retinal changes in early diabetic retinopathy in the same manner as the OPs.
Performance comparison of state synchronization techniques in a distributed LTE EPC (2017)

With Network Function Virtualization (NFV) generating significant interest in the network operator community, many network functions, including the LTE EPC, are being built as virtualized software appliances running on commodity hardware, as opposed to custom hardware. To provide fault tolerance and scalable performance, the virtualized network functions are typically built in a clustered architecture, with a front-end load balancer distributing incoming traffic across multiple replicas, and the replicas synchronizing shared state with each other for resilience and consistency. Our work compares several distributed designs of the LTE EPC along the axis of the frequency of state synchronization across the replicas, and quantifies the performance overhead of state synchronization for control plane and data plane operations. Using experiments with our distributed EPC prototypes, we show that synchronizing state for every message incurs a prohibitive performance penalty (over 70% reduction in throughput as compared to the case of no synchronization). On the other hand, synchronizing state at session boundaries, while providing lower fault tolerance guarantees, imposes a smaller performance penalty. We believe that our open-source prototypes and experimental results will guide future distributed EPC designs, and help operators pick the right design that is appropriate for their fault tolerance and performance requirements.
Multilingual Sentiment and Subjectivity Analysis (2011)

Subjectivity and sentiment analysis focuses on the automatic identification of private states, such as opinions, emotions, sentiments, evaluations, beliefs, and speculations in natural language. While subjectivity classification labels text as either subjective or objective, sentiment classification adds an additional level of granularity, by further classifying subjective text as either positive, negative
Performance of a First-Generation, Aqueous-Alkaline Biocarbon Fuel Cell (2007)

Because the carbon fuel cell has the potential to convert the chemical energy of carbon into electric power with an efficiency approaching 100%, there has been keen interest in its development for more than a century. A practical carbon fuel cell requires a carbon feed that conducts electricity and is highly reactive. Biocarbon (carbonized charcoal) satisfies both these criteria, and its combustion does not contribute to climate change. In this paper, we describe the performance of an aqueous-alkaline biocarbon fuel cell that generates power at temperatures of ∼500 K. Thermochemical equilibrium favors the reduction of oxygen on the cathode at temperatures of <500 K, whereas the chemical kinetics of the oxidation of carbon by hydroxyl anions in the electrolyte demands temperatures of >500 K. Nevertheless, an aqueous-alkaline cell operating at 518 K and 35.8 bar was able to realize an open-circuit voltage of 0.57 V, a short circuit current density of 43.6 mA/cm2, and a maximum power of 19 mW, using a 6 M KOH/1 M LiOH mixed electrolyte with a catalytic silver screen/platinum foil cathode and an anode composed of 0.5 g of compacted corncob charcoal previously carbonized at 950 °C. A comparison of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) data for the oxidized biocarbon anode material with prior work suggests that the temperature of the anode was too low: carbon oxides accumulated on the biocarbon without the steady release of CO2 and active sites needed to sustain combustion. Consequently, the open-circuit voltage of the cell was less than the expected value (1 V). Carbonate ions, formed in the electrolyte as a product of the reaction of CO2 with hydroxyl ions, can halt the operation of the cell. We show that the carbonate ion is not stable in hydrothermal solutions at 523 K and above; it decomposes via the release of CO2 and the formation of hydroxyl anion. Consequently, it should be possible to regenerate the electrolyte through the use of reaction conditions similar to those used in the fuel cell. We believe that substantial improvements in performance can be realized from an aqueous-alkaline cell whose cathode is designed to operate at temperatures significantly below 500 K, and whose biocarbon anode operates at temperatures significantly above 500 K.
Constructions and characteristics of ultrasonic motors using a piezo-ceramic annular plate (2003)

Ultrasonic motors that use a piezoceramic annular plate vibrating in nonaxisymmetric modes are discussed. Analyses on nonaxisymmetric vibration modes of an annular plate are summarized from the viewpoint of its application to an ultrasonic motor. An attempt was made to construct the motors using the annular plate, and the characteristics of the motors were measured. Experimental results of motors utilizing degenerated mode rotation of
Multiwavelength Pyrometry: An Improved Method (1985)

It is demonstrated that the temperature of a thermal radiator can be determined without prior knowledge of the emissivity of the source by curve-fit-ting techniques using multiple spectral radiance measurements. This new passive measurement technique assumes only that a smooth function exists between spectral emissivity and wavelength. The spectral radiance values are fitted to a Planck radiation law relation to yield the temperature of the source. Error analysis shows that relative errors in the temperature measurements are generally an order of magnitude less than in the spectral radiance measure-ments and in the simultaneously calculated spectral emissivity values. Computer simulations are included that show the effects of varying different parameters, such as the number of data pairs, the wavelength range, the spectral emissivity behavior, the source temperature, and the measurement noise, on the accuracy of the temperature determination. Experimental confirmation of this technique is presented, showing temperature measurements within 1% of the actual temperatures on a platinum surface within a temperature range of 1273 to 1724 K.
Nanoparticle Therapeutics: FDA Approval, Clinical Trials, Regulatory Pathways, and Case Study (2011)

The approval of drugs for human use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) through the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) is a time-consuming and expensive process, and approval rates are low (DiMasi et al., J Health Econ 22:151-185, 2003; Marchetti and Schellens, Br J Cancer 97:577-581, 2007). In general, the FDA drug approval process can be separated into preclinical, clinical, and postmarketing phases. At each step from the point of discovery through demonstration of safety and efficacy in humans, drug candidates are closely scrutinized. Advances in nanotechnology are being applied in the development of novel therapeutics that may address a number of shortcomings of conventional small molecule drugs and may facilitate the realization of personalized medicine (Ferrari, Curr Opin Chem Biol 9:343-346, 2005; Ferrari, Nat Rev Cancer 5:161-171, 2005; Ferrari and Downing, BioDrugs 19:203-210, 2005). Appealingly, nanoparticle drug candidates often represent multiplexed formulations (e.g., drug, targeting moiety, and nanoparticle scaffold material). By tailoring the chemistry and identity of variable nanoparticle constituents, it is possible to achieve targeted delivery, reduce side effects, and prepare formulations of unstable (e.g., siRNA) and/or highly toxic drugs (Ferrari, Curr Opin Chem Biol 9:343-346, 2005; Ferrari, Nat Rev Cancer 5:161-171, 2005; Ferrari and Downing, BioDrugs 19:203-210, 2005). With these benefits arise new challenges in all aspects of regulated drug development and testing.This chapter distils the drug development and approval process with an emphasis on special considerations for nanotherapeutics. The chapter concludes with a case study focused on a nanoparticle therapeutic, CALAA-01, currently in human clinical trials, that embodies many of the potential benefits of nanoparticle therapeutics (Davis, Mol Pharm 6:659-668, 2009). By choosing CALAA-01, reference is made to the infancy of the therapeutic nanoparticle field; in 2008, CALAA-01 was the first targeted siRNA nanoparticle therapeutic administered to humans. Certainly, there will be many more that will follow the lead of CALAA-01 and each will have its own unique challenges; however, much can be learned from this drug in the context of nanotherapeutics and the evolving development and approval process as it applies to them.
RFID Tag Antenna Moutable on Metallic Plates (2006)

RFID tag antenna which could be mountable on metallic plate is designed and measured for 900MHz band. The proposed antenna consists of ground plane, substrate (/spl epsiv//sub r/ = 4.7), feed line with shorted circuit and radiating patch with L-shaped slit. The feed line with shorted circuit is designed for the direct impedance matching between the antenna and the RFID microchip. Especially, it is possible to obtain considerably the easy impedance match with the proposed design. Overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 90/spl times/54/spl times/5mm/sup 3/. When the antenna is placed in free space and mounted on 125/spl times/150mm/sup 2/, 250/spl times/300mm/sup 2/ metallic plates, the maximum reading distance is 6m, 4.8m and 5.2m, respectively.