gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bicarbonate stimulated phospholipid scrambling induces cholesterol redistribution and enables cholesterol depletion in the sperm plasma membrane (2001)

Mammalian sperm cells are activated prior to fertilization by high bicarbonate levels, which facilitate lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux. The role of bicarbonate and cholesterol acceptors on the cholesterol organization in the sperm plasma membrane was tested. Bicarbonate induced an albumin-independent change in lipid architecture that was detectable by an increase in merocyanine staining (due to protein kinase A-mediated phospholipid scrambling). The response was limited to a subpopulation of viable sperm cells that were sorted from the non-responding subpopulation by flow cytometry. The responding cells had reduced cholesterol levels (30% reduction) compared with non-responding cells. The subpopulation differences were caused by variable efficiencies in epididymal maturation as judged by cell morphology. Membrane cholesterol organization was observed with filipin, which labeled the entire sperm surface of non-stimulated and non-responding cells, but labeled only the apical surface area of bicarbonate-responding cells. Addition of albumin caused cholesterol efflux, but only in bicarbonate-responding cells that exhibited virtually no filipin labeling in the sperm head area. Albumin had no effect on other lipid components, and no affinity for cholesterol in the absence of bicarbonate. Therefore, bicarbonate induces first a lateral redistribution in the low cholesterol containing spermatozoa, which in turn facilitates cholesterol extraction by albumin. A model is proposed in which phospholipid scrambling induces the formation of an apical membrane raft in the sperm head surface that enables albumin mediated efflux of cholesterol.
Resonant-cavity InGaAs-InAlAs separate absorption, charge and multiplication avalanche photodiodes (2002)

Summary form only given. High-speed avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are often used in optical communication systems due to their increased sensitivity as compared to conventional p-i-n photodetectors. The crucial performance parameters for this application are low multiplication noise and high gain-bandwidth. Recently, we have demonstrated low multiplication noise and record gain-bandwidth product (290 GHz) using an AlGaAs-GaAs-InGaAs resonant-cavity APD with separate absorption, charge and multiplication (SACM) regions. Those devices operated in the wavelength range near 0.9 /spl mu/m. In this paper, we have extended this work to 1.55 /spl mu/m using InAlAs-lnGaAs materials system.
The nature of anaerobic fungi and their polysaccharide degrading enzymes (1994)

The discovery of anaerobic fungi has added a new member to the indigenous microorganisms that inhabit the rumen ecosystem. Anaerobic fungi do not appear essential for the survival of ruminants due to their presence in very low numbers, and sometimes absence, in ruminants fed low fiber diets, but their presence may likely be very important in the digestion of fibrous diets. The anaerobic fungi have adapted well to the rumen environment. They are able to ferment a large array of soluble carbohydrates and can synthesize cellular components in an anaerobic environment. The fungi posses hydrogenosomes for the removal of reducing equivalents in the form of molecular hydrogen and the removal of trace oxygen is a accomplished via removal by NADH oxidase. Their positive synergistic interaction with methanogenic bacteria eludes to their highly evolved role in the rumen environment. The fungi also produce resistant sporangia that allows for transfer of species to a new host in an oxygen environment. The anaerobic fungi posses a highly active array of polysaccharide degrading enzymes that may provide an advantage in the highly competitive rumen ecosystem. The production of specific enzymes that hydrolyze the lignocellulosic fraction of plant walls is unique in rumen microorganisms and allows for their attachment and growth on fibrous plant particles that are not available to the rumen bacteria.
δ and κ Opioid Receptors Are Differentially Regulated by Dynamin-dependent Endocytosis When Activated by the Same Alkaloid Agonist (1997)

Many alkaloid drugs used as analgesics activate multiple opioid receptors. Mechanisms that distinguish the actions of these drugs on the regulation of individual micro, delta, and kappa receptors are not understood. We have observed that individual cloned opioid receptors differ significantly in their regulation by rapid endocytosis in the presence of alkaloid drug etorphine, a potent agonist of mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors. Internalization of epitope-tagged delta opioid receptors from the plasma membrane is detectable within 10 min in the presence of etorphine. In contrast, kappa receptors expressed in the same cells remain in the plasma membrane and are not internalized for >/=60 min, even when cells are exposed to saturating concentrations of etorphine. The rapid internalization of delta receptors is specifically inhibited in cells expressing K44E mutant dynamin I, suggesting that type-specific internalization of opioid receptors is mediated by clathrin-coated pits. Examination of a series of chimeric mutant kappa/delta receptors indicates that at least two receptor domains, including the highly divergent carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic tail, determine the type specificity of this endocytic mechanism. We conclude that structurally homologous opioid receptors are differentially sorted by clathrin-mediated endocytosis following activation by the same agonist ligand. These studies identify a fundamental mechanism of receptor regulation mediating type-specific effects of analgesic drugs that activate more than one type of opioid receptor.
Intralesional <i>Candida</i> Antigen Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Recalcitrant and Multiple Warts in Children (2015)

Intralesional injection of Candida antigen is an effective and safe therapy for children with multiple and recalcitrant cutaneous warts.
Memory system reliability improvement through associative cache redundancy (2002)

A redundancy memory architecture that increases system memory reliability without incurring the memory access speed degradation or size impact that result from using error-correction coding or paper-swapping techniques have been developed. The architecture uses a small associative cache memory to provide redundant memory locations. Logic is provided to perform memory system testing and remapping of fault memory locations. A VLSI circuit has been developed that incorporates the features of the architecture as a proof-of-concept demonstration. This device has been designated the memory reliability enhancement peripheral (MREP).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Australian Corneal Graft Registry (ACGR) (1994)

The value of a register of corneal grafts is that it can provide new data about the long-term outcome of corneal transplantation and may allow a more reasoned distribution of scarce donor corneas. The large numbers of cases and events can accommodate wide variations in practice patterns without losing statistical power. The Australian Corneal Graft Register follows over 6000 cases; univariate and multivariate analyses are performed every two years. Amongst the interesting recent findings of the analyses are that a past history of elevated intraocular pressure and early graft suture removal are associated with graft failure, as are the more well-established factors of inflammation, neovascularization, formation of synechiae and recurrence of herpetic eye disease. Donor corneas harvested from relatively elderly donors, however, do not appear to be associated with graft failure. Best-corrected visual acuity achieved post-operatively is very variable, but depends to some extent on the original indication for graft.
Guideline Promotes Early, Aggressive Sepsis Treatment to Boost Survival (2013)

A new guideline aims to boost sepsis survival rates by reminding physicians to treat suspected cases early and aggressively and refining targets for such therapy (http://www.sccm.org/Documents/SSC-Guidelines.pdf).
Celastraceae sesquiterpenoids: biological activity and synthesis (2001)

Plant extracts of the Celastraceae have been used for centuries throughout South America and China as insect repellents and insecticides in traditional agriculture, and also for the treatment of a plethora of medical ailments from stomach complaints and fever to rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Many of the medicinally interesting properties associated with these crude preparations have now been attributed to a large family of highly oxygenated sesquiterpenoids based on a tricyclic dihydroagarofuran skeleton. In this article, the structural diversity and range of biological activities associated with this intriguing class of natural products are examined with a view to stimulating interest in their total synthesis. Existing synthetic endeavours towards their synthesis are also evaluated.
Streamer discharge simulation in flue gas (1995)

Streamer discharges are formed in a dielectric-barrier discharge used for nonthermal plasma generation. The results of simulation of streamer type discharge in a flue gas mixture is reported. A Monte Carlo simulation is done to obtain the transport and appropriate rate coefficients. The transport and rate coefficients calculated from the Monte Carlo is used to solve the conservation equations for electron, positive and negative ions, together with the Poisson's equation. The G-factor (radicals produced per 100 eV of electrical energy input to the discharge) obtained for Townsend-type discharge is higher as compared to a streamer-type discharge. Also experimental results of the SO/sub 2/ removal efficiency is compared to theoretical predictions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new transthyretin variant Leu55Gln in a patient with systemic amyloidosis (2002)

We report a 40-year-old woman with a new transthyretin (TTR) variant, glutamine replacing leucine at residue 55 (Leu55Gln), who showed progressive somatic and autonomic neuropathy, glaucoma, and vitreous opacities. Symptoms of glaucoma appeared prior to the onset of the neuropathy. Sural nerve biopsy revealed amyloid deposition in the endoneurium, and immunohistochemical analysis was positive with anti-human TTR. Sequencing of the patient's DNA revealed the substitution of A for T at the second position of codon 55 of the TTR gene indicating an amino acid change from leucine to glutamine.
Studies on the Thermal Degradation of Acrylic Polymers by Simultaneous Autostep TG/DTA (1997)

Abstract Simultaneous autostep technique, a novel methodology in thermal analysis, was employed for the investigation of multiple stage degradation of acrylic polymers in thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) methods. Heating of the sample was controlled automatically with respect to the rate of mass loss in each degradation step in addition to the control of heating by a given steady heating rate. Three standard samples (polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, and polystyrene) and a newly synthesized polymer (polycinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate) were taken to study the advantages of this technique for the better understanding of thermal degradation of polymers involving a multiple stage decomposition pattern over the conventional method. Results from this method revealed information about the degradation of acrylic polymers in a more precise and accurate manner and were compared with those of the conventional method.
<i>trans</i> Fatty Acid Content of Canadian Margarines Prior to Mandatory <i>trans</i> Fat Labelling (2007)

Abstract Dietary trans fatty acids (TFA) are of major concern because of their adverse effects on blood lipid levels and coronary heart disease. In Canada, margarines were significant sources of TFA during the 1980s and 1990s. However, this is expected to change with increased public awareness over their adverse health effects and the introduction of new legislature to include TFA content on the Nutritional Facts table of food labels. In this study, the TFA content of the top‐selling 29 Canadian margarines, which represented 96.3% of the market share, was determined by capillary gas‐liquid chromatography in order to assess the influence of regulatory development during the 3‐year transition period between the announcement of new food labelling regulations in Canada that require mandatory declaration of the trans fat content in most pre‐packaged foods in January 2003 and its enforcement on 12 December 2005. The 29 margarines included 15 tub margarines made from non‐hydrogenated vegetable oils (NHVO‐tub margarines), 11 tub margarines made from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO‐tub margarines) and three print margarines, which were also made from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO‐print margarines). The 15 NHVO tub‐margarines accounted for 71% of the total margarine market share and generally contained less than 2% TFA (mean value 0.9 ± 0.3% of total fatty acids). The mean total TFA contents of PHVO‐tub margarines and PHVO‐print margarines, were 20.0 ± 4.5% and 39.6 ± 3.5%, and their market shares were 19.3 and 6.0%, respectively. Although during the last 10 years, increasing number of soft tub margarines that contained very little trans fats have been made available in Canada, the PHVO‐tub‐ and ‐print margarines still contain high levels of trans fats similar to those margarines that were sold in the 1990s. The market share data suggest that the margarines prepared using NHVO and containing almost no TFA were preferred by Canadians over those margarines prepared using PHVO, even before the mandatory declaration of TFA content came into effect on 12 December 2005.
Millimeter-Wave Near-Field Measurements Using Coordinated Robotics (2015)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently developed a new robotic scanning system for performing near-field measurements at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies above 100 GHz, the configurable robotic millimeterwave antenna (CROMMA) facility. This cost-effective system is designed for high-frequency applications, is capable of scanning in multiple configurations, and is able to track measurement geometry at every point in a scan. The CROMMA combines realtime six-degree-of-freedom optical spatial metrology and robotic motion to achieve antenna positioning to within 25 μm rms. A unified coordinated metrology approach is used to track all positional aspects of scanning. A vector network analyzer is used to capture amplitude and phase. We present spherical near-field measurements of the forward hemisphere of a 24-dBi standard gain horn at 183 GHz. Using the configurable scanning ability, two different scanning radii were used. Near-field data were taken at a 100-mm radius. Direct far-field measurements were also taken at 1000-mm radius. The E- and H-plane patterns are determined from the measurements and compared to theoretical patterns. We describe the system components of the CROMMA and the coordinated metrology approach used. An analysis of the positional repeatability and accuracy achievable is also presented.
Effect of caffeine and of pentoxifylline on the motility and metabolism of human spermatozoa (1990)

Human spermatozoa were washed and incubated with 6 mM-caffeine or 0.15-1.2 mM-pentoxifylline. Sperm motility was measured by time-lapse photography, the rate of glycolysis by the release of tritiated water from 1 mM-[3-3H]D-glucose and the rate of mitochondrial respiration by the release of 14CO2 from 1 mM-[U-14C]-L-lactate or 1 mM-[2-14C]pyruvate. Caffeine stimulated the majority of spermatozoa to convert from the 'rolling' to the 'yawing' mode of progression with a concomitant increase in lateral head displacement from 4.1 +/- 0.09 microns (343) to 6.7 +/- 0.25 microns (105) (mean +/- s.e.m. (number of spermatozoa)). There was a 45% decline in the percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa and a very small decrease in their velocity. Pentoxifylline had only a slight effect on lateral head displacement or percentage motility but produced a significant increase in velocity. Both compounds increased the rate of glycolysis by greater than 40% but elevated the rate of 14CO2 production to a smaller extent. The concentrations of ATP and ADP changed very little. We conclude that the glycolytic pathway in human spermatozoa can respond efficiently to changes in energy demand.
The hemopexin domain of MMP‐9 inhibits angiogenesis and retards the growth of intracranial glioblastoma xenograft in nude mice (2008)

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) consists of a prodomain, catalytic domain with 3 fibronectin-like type II modules and C-terminal hemopexin-like (PEX) domain. These domains play distinct roles in terms of proteolytic activity, substrate binding and interaction with inhibitors and receptors. To assess the potential of the MMP-9-PEX domain to interfere with tumor progression, we stably transfected human glioblastoma cells with an expression vector containing a cDNA sequence of the MMP-9-PEX. The selected clones exhibited decreased MMP-9 activity and reduced invasive capacity. We assessed how secretion of MMP-9-PEX by glioblastoma cells affects angiogenic capabilities of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) in vitro. MMP-9-PEX conditioned medium treatment caused a reduction in migration of HMECs and inhibited capillary-like structure formation in association with suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and VEGF receptor-2 protein level. The suppression of HMECs survival by conditioned medium from MMP-9-PEX stable transfectants was associated with apoptosis induction characterized by an increase in cells with a sub-G0/G1 content, fragmentation of DNA, caspase-3, -8 and -9 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. A significant tumor growth inhibition was observed in intracranial implants of MMP-9-PEX stable transfectants in nude mice with attenuation of CD31 and MMP-9 protein expression. These results demonstrate that MMP-9-PEX inhibits angiogenic features of endothelial cells and retards intracranial glioblastoma growth.
PNA Encoding (PNA=peptide nucleic acid): From Solution‐Based Libraries to Organized Microarrays (2005)

Microarray-based technologies have attracted attention in chemical biology by virtue of their miniaturized format, which is well suited to probe ligand-protein interactions or investigate enzymatic activity in complex biological mixtures. A number of research groups have reported the preparation of surfaces on microarrays with specific functional groups to chemoselectively attach small molecules from libraries. We have developed an alternative method whereby libraries are encoded with peptide nucleic acid (PNA), such that libraries which exist as mixtures in solution self-assemble into an organized microarray through hybridization to produce readily available DNA arrays. This allows libraries synthesized by split and mix methods to be decoded in a single step. An asset of this method compared to direct spotting is that libraries can be used in solution for bioassays prior to self-assembly into the microarray format.
Parsing brain activity associated with acupuncture treatment in Parkinson's diseases (2009)

Acupuncture, a common treatment modality within complementary and alternative medicine, has been widely used for Parkinson's disease (PD). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we explored the neural mechanisms underlying the effect of specific and genuine acupuncture treatment on the motor function in patients with PD. Three fMRI scans were performed in random order in a block design, one for verum acupuncture (VA) treatment, another one for a covert placebo (CP), and the third one for an overt placebo (OP) at the motor function implicated acupoint GB34 on the left foot of 10 patients with PD. We calculated the contrast that subtracts the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) response for the acupuncture effect (VA vs. CP) and the placebo effect (CP vs. OP). We found a significant improvement in the motor function of the affected hand after acupuncture treatment. The putamen and the primary motor cortex were activated when patients with PD received the acupuncture treatment (VA vs. CP) and these activations correlated with individual enhanced motor function. Expectation towards acupuncture modality (CP vs. OP) elicited activation over the anterior cingulate gyrus, the superior frontal gyrus, and the superior temporal gyrus. These findings suggest that acupuncture treatment might facilitate improvement in the motor functioning of patients with PD via the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Microbial Cells on Membrane Filters (1972)

Scanning electron micrographs of a Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis on two membrane filtration systems are compared.
Fast performance analysis of bus-based system-on-chip communication architectures (1999)

This paper addresses the problem of efficient and accurate performance analysis to drive the exploration and design of bus-based System-on-Chip (SOC) communication architectures. Our technique fills a gap in existing techniques for system-level performance analysis, which are either too slow to use in an iterative communication architecture design framework (e.g., simulation of the complete system), or are not accurate enough to drive the design of the communication architecture (e.g., techniques that perform a “static” analysis of the system performance). The proposed system-level performance analysis technique consists of (i) initial co-simulation performed after IIW/SW partitioning and mapping, with the communication between components modeled in an abstract manner (e.g., as events or data transfers), (ii) extraction of abstracted symbolic traces, represented as a Bus and Synchronization Event (BSE) Graph, that captures the activity of the various system components and their communication over time, and (iii) manipulation of the BSE Graph using the bus parameters, to derive the behavior of the system accounting for effects of the bus architecture. We present experimental results on several example systems, including a TCP/IP network interface card sub-system. The results indicate that our performance estimation technique is over two orders of magnitude faster than performing a complete system simulation, while being very accurate (within 2.2% of performance estimates derived from accurate HW/SW co-simulation).
Preparation of a number of 5-butylpyrimidine nucleosides (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of a number of 5-butylpyrimidine nucleosidesE. H. Hamamura, K. Sato, and J. G. MoffattCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 10, 1061–1065Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00280a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00280a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts