gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MUCM: Multilevel User Cluster Mining Based on Behavior Profiles for Network Monitoring (2014)

Mastering user's behavior character is important for efficient network management and security monitoring. In this paper, we develop a novel framework named as multilevel user cluster mining (MUCM) to measure user's behavior similarity under different network prefix levels. Focusing on aggregated traffic behavior under different network prefixes cannot only reduce the number of traffic flows but also reveal detailed patterns for a group of users sharing similar behaviors. First, we employ the bidirectional flow and bipartite graphs to model network traffic characteristics in large-scale networks. Four traffic features are then extracted to characterize the user's behavior profiles. Second, an efficient method with adjustable weight factors is employed to calculate the user's behavior similarity, and entropy gain is applied to select the weight factor adaptively. Using the behavior similarity metrics, a simple clustering algorithm based on κ-means is employed to perform user clustering based on behavior profiles. Finally, we examine the applications of behavior clustering in profiling network traffic patterns and detecting anomalous behaviors. The efficiency of our methods is verified with extensive experiments using actual traffic traces collected from the northwest region center of China Education and Research Network (CERNET), and the cluster results can be used for flow control and traffic security monitoring.
Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using <b>lme4</b> (2015)

Maximum likelihood or restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates of the parameters in linear mixed-effects models can be determined using the lmer function in the lme4 package for R. As for most model-fitting functions in R, the model is described in an lmer call by a formula, in this case including both fixed- and random-effects terms. The formula and data together determine a numerical representation of the model from which the profiled deviance or the profiled REML criterion can be evaluated as a function of some of the model parameters. The appropriate criterion is optimized, using one of the constrained optimization functions in R, to provide the parameter estimates. We describe the structure of the model, the steps in evaluating the profiled deviance or REML criterion, and the structure of classes or types that represents such a model. Sufficient detail is included to allow specialization of these structures by users who wish to write functions to fit specialized linear mixed models, such as models incorporating pedigrees or smoothing splines, that are not easily expressible in the formula language used by lmer.
Modern Electronic Packaging Technology (1999)

A view of modern electronic packaging technology is presented along with its applications at APL. Although not always distinct, electronic packaging may be separated into three levels: component, board, and system. The manufacturing technologies and designs may vary at each level, but they all must provide electrical interconnection, thermal management, and mechanical and environmental protection. Each packaging level reflects a trade-off among many interrelated factors including design requirements, economics, and manufacturing infrastructure.
IMRT delivery to a moving target by dynamic MLC tracking: delivery for targets moving in two dimensions in the beam's eye view (2006)

A new modification of the dynamic multileaf collimator (dMLC) delivery technique for intensity-modulated therapy (IMRT) is outlined. This technique enables the tracking of a target moving through rigid-body translations in a 2D trajectory in the beam's eye view. The accuracy of the delivery versus that of deliveries with no tracking and of 1D tracking techniques is quantified with clinically derived intensity-modulated beams (IMBs). Leaf trajectories calculated in the target-reference frame were iteratively synchronized assuming regular target motion. This allowed the leaves defined in the lab-reference frame to simultaneously follow the target motion and to deliver the required IMB without violation of the leaf maximum-velocity constraint. The leaves are synchronized until the gradient of the leaf position at every instant is less than a calculated maximum. The delivered fluence in the target-reference frame was calculated with a simple primary-fluence model. The new 2D tracking technique was compared with the delivered fluence produced by no-tracking deliveries and by 1D tracking deliveries for 33 clinical IMBs. For the clinical IMBs normalized to a maximum fluence of 200 MUs, the rms difference between the desired and the delivered IMB was 15.6 +/- 3.3 MU for the case of a no-tracking delivery, 7.9 +/- 1.6 MU for the case where only the primary component of motion was corrected and 5.1 +/- 1.1 MU for the 2D tracking delivery. The residual error is due to interpolation and sampling effects. The 2D tracking delivery technique requires an increase in the delivery time evaluated as between 0 and 50% of the unsynchronized delivery time for each beam with a mean increase of 13% for the IMBs tested. The 2D tracking dMLC delivery technique allows an optimized IMB to be delivered to moving targets with increased accuracy and with acceptable increases in delivery time. When combined with real-time knowledge of the target motion at delivery time, this technique facilitates improved target conformality relative to no-tracking deliveries and allows PTV margin reduction.
A concept for source decoding in digital video broadcast applications (2005)

ICs for a full-featured "plug and play" MPEG2 digital video broadcast (DVB) source decoder for implementation in DVB integrated receiver decoders (IRDs) are presented. The ICs perform descrambling, demultiplexing, audio decompression, video decompression, composite video encoding as well as external interfacing. In addition to microcontroller-related memory, the source decoder requires only 16 Mbits of decompression memory. Only a minimum of peripheral hardware is required. Driver software support requirements are moderate. A microcontroller is only required to handle conditional access information, program specific information, and audio/video synchronization.
RAMClust: A Novel Feature Clustering Method Enables Spectral-Matching-Based Annotation for Metabolomics Data (2014)

Metabolomic data are frequently acquired using chromatographically coupled mass spectrometry (MS) platforms. For such datasets, the first step in data analysis relies on feature detection, where a feature is defined by a mass and retention time. While a feature typically is derived from a single compound, a spectrum of mass signals is more a more-accurate representation of the mass spectrometric signal for a given metabolite. Here, we report a novel feature grouping method that operates in an unsupervised manner to group signals from MS data into spectra without relying on predictability of the in-source phenomenon. We additionally address a fundamental bottleneck in metabolomics, annotation of MS level signals, by incorporating indiscriminant MS/MS (idMS/MS) data implicitly: feature detection is performed on both MS and idMS/MS data, and feature-feature relationships are determined simultaneously from the MS and idMS/MS data. This approach facilitates identification of metabolites using in-source MS and/or idMS/MS spectra from a single experiment, reduces quantitative analytical variation compared to single-feature measures, and decreases false positive annotations of unpredictable phenomenon as novel compounds. This tool is released as a freely available R package, called RAMClustR, and is sufficiently versatile to group features from any chromatographic-spectrometric platform or feature-finding software.
Survey on securing a querying process by blocking SQL injection (2015)

Web site applications are an important part of our daily life. Hence, attacking those sites increases quick, one of these attacks is SQL injection attack (SQLIA). The SQLIA is a well known way of attack in terms of common threats and document structure nowadays, this attack is launched through specially crafted user inputs and target web applications that used backend databases. Characteristics feature of this attack is, it will change the intended query structure. To avoid this type of attack, the best solution is to do not allow user to enter any part of the SQL query directly. This survey will support the future research and development work as well as to raise the awareness for the presented approaches.
Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Aminoglycosides against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> : Identifying Dosing Regimens To Suppress Resistance Development (2008)

To facilitate optimal dosing regimen design, we previously developed a mathematical model using time-kill study data to predict the responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to various pharmacokinetic profiles of meropenem and levofloxacin. In this study, we extended the model to predict the activities of gentamicin and amikacin exposures against P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, respectively. The input data were from a time-kill study with 10(7) CFU/ml of bacteria at baseline. P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was exposed to gentamicin (0 to 16x MIC; MIC = 2 mg/liter), and A. baumannii ATCC BAA 747 was exposed to amikacin (0 to 32x MIC; MIC = 4 mg/liter) for 24 h. Using the estimates of the best-fit model parameters, bacterial responses to various fluctuating aminoglycoside exposures (half-life, 2.5 h) over 72 h were predicted via computer simulation. The computer simulations were subsequently validated using an in vitro hollow-fiber infection model with similar aminoglycoside exposures. A significant initial reduction in the bacterial burden was predicted for all gentamicin exposures examined. However, regrowth over time due to resistance emergence was predicted for regimens with a maximum concentration of the drug (C(max))/MIC (dosing frequency) of 4 (every 8 h [q8h]), 12 (q24h), and 36 (q24h). Sustained suppression of bacterial populations was forecast with a C(max)/MIC of 30 (q12h). Similarly, regrowth and suppression of A. baumannii were predicted and experimentally verified with a three-dimensional response surface. The mathematical model was reasonable in predicting extended bacterial responses to various aminoglycoside exposures qualitatively, based on limited input data. Our approach appears promising as a decision support tool for dosing regimen selection for antimicrobial agents.
Editors' Introduction (1990)

Abstract Conceived in fury and consumed by fire, the 1989 democracy movement is a watershed in the history of China and the communist world. According to official sources, college students in over six hundred institutes of higher education in eighty-four cities in China participated in the movement. In a single week, from May 13 to 19, 1.21 million students demonstrated in sixty-six cities, while 5,500 students joined hunger strikes in the national capital and sixteen other provincial cities.1 In his address to the National People's Congress on June 30, Beijing Mayor Chen Xitong reported that more than 1,280 military and civilian vehicles were burned and damaged, over six thousand soldiers and law enforcement personnel were injured, including a few score (shushi) who died on the government side, while over three thousand civilians suffered injuries and more than two hundred died.2 Although these figures may not be accurate, they illustrate the unprecedented scope, protracted duration, and momentous consequence of the democracy movement.
The Politics Gene (2002)

This chapter paints a satirical picture of medical ethics in the USA through the experience of Ellsworth Joad. Ellsworth is staff ethicist to the crack Medicalization Committee, which is also part of a national organization tasked with considering how the discovery of new diseases could be most beneficial. He attended a meeting where researchers announce the discovery of a gene that has a virulent mutant form that correlates with political activity.
Design and fabrication of a foldable hexapod robot towards experimental swarm applications (2014)

This paper presents the development of a lightweight origami-inspired foldable hexapod robot. Using a single sheet of polyester and a laser cutter, the hexapod robot can be fabricated and assembled in less than one hour from scratch. No screw or other external tools are required for assembly. The robot has built-in polyester fasteners considered in its crease pattern. The design uses four-bar mechanisms, which makes the robot flexible to be adjusted for different speeds or other task metrics. For a given desired locomotion velocity, various parameters of the four-bar mechanisms in the crease pattern can be modified accordingly. Design flexibility, ease of fabrication, and low cost make the robot suitable as an agent for swarm objectives. This work presents the foldable hexapod design and its kinematic analysis. The robot is fabricated, assembled, and tested for functionality. Experimental results show that the robot prototype runs with a maximum forward speed of 5 body lengths per second and turns in place with a speed of 1 revolution per second. The final robot weighs 42 grams.
Electronic superlattices in corrugated graphene (2008)

We theoretically investigate electron transport through corrugated graphene ribbons and show how the ribbon curvature leads to an electronic superlattice with a period set by the corrugation wavelength. Transport through the ribbon depends sensitively on the superlattice band structure which, in turn, strongly depends on the geometry of the deformed sheet. In particular, we find that for ribbon widths where the transverse level separation is comparable to the band edge energy, a strong current switching occurs as a function of an applied back gate voltage. Thus, artificially corrugated graphene sheets or ribbons can be used for the study of Dirac fermions in periodic potentials. Furthermore, this provides an additional design degree of freedom for graphene-based electronics.
PICAP–A System Approach to Image Processing (1982)

Image processing puts heavy demands on computational speed and storage space. The PICAP system of Linkoping University has been designed to meet these demands in an interactive image processing environment, utilizing state-of-the-art hardware and software components. PICAP is a multiuser system, and computational speed is achieved through parallelism at both global and local levels. A virtual image memory alleviates the problem of storage space. The users can invoke the PICAP facilities by means of a menu-based language or a general-purpose high-level language. The modular and open-ended architecture of PICAP makes it highly adaptive to future advances in both hardware and software technologies.
The use of first polar bodies for preimplantation diagnosis of aneuploidy (1995)

A large proportion of patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) are aged ≥35 years. It has been estimated that in this age group, 50% of embryos are chromosomally abnormal, with aneuploidy being the major contributing factor. Since the origin of most aneuploidies is maternal meiosis I non-disjunction, unfertilized oocytes could be safely screened for aneuploidy by analysing their first polar bodies. To determine the feasibility of first polar body aneuploidy analysis, polar bodies were analysed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) using probes simultaneously for chromosomes X, Y, 18, 13/21 or X, Y, 18 and 16. Within 6 h of retrieval, 88% showed a normal segregation involving a single chromosome of each kind, with double-dotted hybridization signals, corresponding to dyads (chromosomes in metaphase I composed of two chromatids). The rest showed non-disjunction of full dyads (6%), or an unbalanced pre-division of dyads (6%), which gives a segregation of one chromatid or one dyad and a chromatid with the first polar body. But only 34% of polar bodies analysed 24 h after retrieval or later showed a normal segregation, with most of the other polar bodies showing balanced pre-division, with two separated hybridization signals for all the chromosomes analysed. The rates of non-disjunction and unbalanced pre-division after≥24 h in culture were similar to the rates in fresh oocytes. When both types of aneuploidy were considered together, an increase of aneuploidy with maternal age was detected, which although slight, was significant (P = 0.025). Because dyads seem to undergo rapid pre-division shortly after polar body retrieval, performance of FISH aneuploidy analysis of polar bodies is therefore only recommended when conducted within 6 h of their retrieval.
A 16 kbit electrically erasable PROM using n-channel Si-gate MNOS technology (1980)

A 16 kbit high performance EEPROM (electrically erasable PROM) is developed using n-channel Si-gate MNOS technology. The memory cell consists of an MNOS transistor and an addressing transistor connected in series. This cell structure and advanced processing technologies, including high temperature hydrogen anneal, realize high speed, high packing density, long data retention, and no read cycle limitations when compared to conventional p-channel Al-gate MNOS memories. The 16 kbit chip shows improved features: fast access time of 140 ns, fast program time of 1 ms, fast erase time of 100 ms, and low power dissipation of 210 mW. New high voltage devices and circuits are used to obtain high breakdown voltage, resulting in a wide margin for the program voltage supply pin. This device, fully pin-compatible with the 16 kbit EPROM (UV erasable PROM), outperforms currently used EPROMs as well as conventional MNOS memories in almost all respects.
Performance modeling of RF power MOSFETs (1999)

This paper presents an analytical study of the RF performance of Si power MOSFET's. Si MOSFET's are rapidly becoming popular in RF applications. Although circuit simulation models have been presented explaining the static performance of these devices, the correlation of device physical parameters with RF performance has not been studied extensively. In this paper, based on the equivalent circuit representation of a power MOSFET, static and large-signal analysis have been carried out to study the RF performance for VDMOSFET and LDMOSFET devices. It has been shown that transconductance compression due to the JFET region leads to degradation of high-power RF performance. It is also shown that LDMOSFET has higher power gain than VDMOS, but steeper degradation with input power. Velocity saturation in the MOS channel and presence of the JFET region are shown to strongly influence the RF performance of the two devices.
Use of fundamental concepts in catalyst aging to increase catalyst utilization during coal liquefaction, steam reforming, and other carbon-forming reactions (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of fundamental concepts in catalyst aging to increase catalyst utilization during coal liquefaction, steam reforming, and other carbon-forming reactionsLeon M. Polinski, Gary J. Stiegel, and Lawrence SaroffCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1981, 20, 3, 470–475Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200014a013https://doi.org/10.1021/i200014a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Shear-image order ray casting volume rendering (2003)

This paper describes shear-image order ray casting, a new method for volume rendering. This method renders sampled data in three dimensions with image quality equivalent to the best of ray-per-pixel volume rendering algorithms (full image order), while at the same time retaining computational complexity and spatial coherence near to that of the fastest known algorithm (shear-warp). In shear-image order, as in shear-warp, the volume data set is resampled along slices parallel to a face of the volume. Unlike shear-warp, but like the texture-based methods, rays are cast through the centers of pixels of the image plane and sample points are at the intersections of rays with each slice. As a result, no post-warp step is required. Unlike texture methods, which realize shear and warp by transformations in a commodity graphics system, the shear-image ray casting methods use a new factorization that preserves memory and interpolation efficiency. In addition, a method is provided for accurately and efficiently embedding conventional polygon graphics and other objects into volumes. Both opaque and translucent polygons are supported.We also describe a method, included in shear-image order but applicable to other algorithms, for rendering anisotropic and sheared volume data sets directly with correct lighting.The shear-image order method has been implemented in the VolumeProTM 1000, a single chip real-time volume rendering engine capable of processing volume data at a pipeline rate of 109 samples per second. Figure 1 on the color page shows a shear-image order gallery of volumes rendered with different translucency, lighting, and some embedded geometry.
A genomic locus in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> with four genes up‐regulated by osmotic stress (1995)

A locust within chromosome XIII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing four genes upregulated by osmotic stress has been characterized. Two of the genes, but not their osmotic induction, were already described: the DNA damage-inducible gene DDR48 and the protease inhibitor gene PAI3. The two novel genes encode a cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALD2) and a peptide of unknown function (SIP18). These genes form a cluster of two pairs of divergent promoters regulated by osmotic stress. The regulation of the divergent ALD2 and DDR48 genes, however, occurs by different mechanisms. ALD2 exhibits maximum induction with 0.3 M NaCl, negative regulation by protein kinase A and dependence on PBS2 and HOG1 protein kinases for osmotic induction. DDR48 requires 1 M NaCl for maximum induction and its expression in independent of PBS2 and HOG1 protein kinases and less sensitive to protein kinase A. PAI3 and SIP18 are as dependent on the above protein kinases as ALD2. Deletion analysis indicates that most of the regulation of the ALD2 promoter is mediated by a negative element counteracted by osmotic stress.
Chemical and Enzymatic Strategies for Bacterial and Mammalian Cell Surface Engineering (2018)

The cell surface serves important functions such as the regulation of cell-cell and cell-environment interactions. The understanding and manipulation of the cell surface is important for a wide range of fundamental studies of cellular behavior and for biotechnological and medical applications. With the rapid advance of biology, chemistry and materials science, many strategies have been developed for the functionalization of bacterial and mammalian cell surfaces. Here, we review the recent development of chemical and enzymatic approaches to cell surface engineering with particular emphasis on discussing the advantages and limitations of each of these strategies.