gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Padding on Child Restraint Performance During Side Impact Collisions (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">For over 30 years, there has been a safety standard in the United States that governs the design and performance of child restraint systems, and since 1981 this standard has prescribed dynamic test requirements for the performance of child restraint systems (CRS) in frontal collisions. However, this standard does not include a dynamic test specifically designed to evaluate the performance of CRSs during side impact collisions. One of the reasons a side impact standard has not been implemented is that feasible countermeasures have not been identified. This study addresses this issue by evaluating the effectiveness of padding as a countermeasure in side impact collisions. Head acceleration data were collected during both drop testing and side impact sled testing with and without the use of energy absorbing padding in the CRS side wing. These data show that the ability of padding alone to reduce head accelerations is limited and that side impact protection depends on a number of factors in addition to the type of padding including overall child restraint stiffness and position of the child immediately prior to the crash. Effective side impact protection for children is dependent on more than simply adding padding to child restraint systems.</div>
2 [ <sup>18</sup> F]F‐A85380: PET imaging of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and whole body distribution in humans (2003)

Noninvasive imaging of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the human brain in vivo is critical for elucidating the role of these receptors in normal brain function and in the pathogenesis of brain disorders. Here we report the first in vivo visualization of human brain areas containing nAChRs by using PET and 2-[18F]fluoro-3-(2(S)azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (2-[18F]FA). We acquired scans from six healthy non-smoking volunteers after i.v. bolus administration of 2-[18F]FA (1.6 MBq/kg or 0.043 +/- 0.002 mCi/kg). This dose was sufficient for visualizing nAChRs in the thalamus up to 5 h after injection. There were no adverse effects associated with administration of no-carrier-added 2-[18F]FA (1.3-10 pmol/kg). Consistent with the distribution of nAChRs in human brain, accumulated radioactivity was greatest in thalamus, intermediate in the midbrain, pons, cerebellum, and cortex; and least in white matter. As approximately 90% of the injected radioactivity was eliminated via the urine (biological half-life ca. 4 h), the urinary bladder wall received the highest radiation dose. The estimate of radiation dose equivalent to the urinary bladder wall (ca. 180 +/- 30 mSv/MBq or 0.7 rem/mCi with a 2.4 h void interval) suggests that multiple studies could be performed in a single subject. The results predict that quantitative PET imaging of nAChRs in human brain with 2-[18F]FA is feasible.
Management of orbital-cranial trauma. (1987)

Orbital-cranial injuries have the greatest potential for death and disability of any condition treated by the ophthalmologist. An object that penetrates through the orbit into the brain may leave only a small entrance wound. Patients can have normal vision, neurologic exam, and plain x-rays despite trauma that may lead to meningitis, brain abscess, or pneumocephalus. The CT scan greatly aids in both the early and late management of blunt and penetrating orbital-cranial trauma. The detection of pneumocephalus may be the only clue that intracranial penetration has occurred. Blunt trauma can cause vision loss, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and intracranial injury. Management of orbital-cranial trauma frequently requires a team approach by the ophthalmologist and neurosurgeon due to the complexity of these injuries.
Microcrystallinity and colloidal peculiarities of UF/isocyanate hybrid resins (2007)

Abstract Combined mixtures of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanates (pMDI) with Urea‐formaldehyde‐resins (UF) adhesives for wood panels are shown (a) by X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of the cured adhesive to present a certain percentage of microcrystallinity, this being due exclusively to the proportion of urea‐formaldehyde resin present in the mix and, (b) by polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM) to present colloidal structures in which oligomers and colloidal structures of one resin have migrated within the colloidal structures of the other resin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2633–2636, 2007
Miniature magnetic resonance system for point-of-care diagnostics (2011)

We have developed a next generation, miniaturized platform to diagnose disease at the point-of-care using diagnostic magnetic resonance (DMR-3). Utilizing a rapidly growing library of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, DMR has previously been demonstrated as a versatile tool to quantitatively and rapidly detect disease biomarkers in unprocessed biological samples. A major hurdle for bringing DMR to the point-of-care has been its sensitivity to temperature variation. As an alternative to costly and bulky mechanisms to control temperature, we have implemented an automated feedback system to track and compensate for the temperature drift, which enables reliable and robust DMR measurements in realistic clinical environments (4-50 °C). Furthermore, the new system interfaces with a mobile device to facilitate system control and data sharing over wireless networks. With such features, the DMR-3 platform can function as a self-contained laboratory even in resource-limited, remote settings. The clinical potential of the new system is demonstrated by detecting trace amounts of proteins and as few as 10 bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) in a short time frame (<30 min).
A double-blind comparison of gepirone extended release, imipramine, and placebo in the treatment of outpatient major depression. (1996)

We report the results from one site of a two-site, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison study of gepirone extended release (ER) and imipramine in the management of major depression. In the study, 123 subjects with DSM-III-R major depression were randomized to 8 weeks of treatment with gepirone ER (10-60 mg/day), imipramine (50-300 mg/day), or placebo. According to last observation carried forward (LOCF) analyses of 120 intent-to-treat subjects, both gepirone ER and imipramine were superior to placebo at Weeks 6 and 8 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression 17- and 28-item (HAM-D-17 and HAM-D-28) instruments, the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Severity of illness scale, and the total Bech Six-Item Core Depression Cluster score. Gepirone ER was better tolerated than imipramine when judged by dropout rates for adverse events.
When the Tolman Electronic Parameter Fails: A Comparative DFT and Charge Displacement Study of [(L)Ni(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>0/–</sup> and [(L)Au(CO)]<sup>0/+</sup> (2014)

In this study we have examined 42 [(L)M(CO)n](±/0) complexes (M = Ni and Au), including neutral ligands, such as phosphines and carbenes, and anionic ones. For each complex, the carbonyl stretching frequency (ν(CO)) and the amount of charge donated from the ligand to the metal (CT) have been computed on the basis of DFT calculations. For nickel complexes, the two observables nicely correlate with each other, as expected from the theory underlying the Tolman electronic parameter. On the contrary, for gold complexes a more complex pattern can be observed, with an apparent differentiation between phosphine ligands and carbon-based ones. Such differences have been explained analyzing the Au-L bond in terms of Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson bonding constituents (σ donation and π back-donation). Our analysis demonstrates that in linear gold(I) complexes, ν(CO) depends only on the metal-to-ligand π back-donation.
Distinct mechanisms for rescue from apoptosis in Ramos human B cells by signalling through CD40 and interleukin-4 receptor: Role for inhibition of an early response gene, <i>Berg36</i> (1997)

Conference Article| May 01 1997 Distinct mechanisms for rescue from apoptosis in Ramos human B cells by signalling through CD40 and interleukin-4 receptor: Role for inhibition of an early response gene, Berg36 ZHI-QIANG NING; ZHI-QIANG NING 1Infection and Immunity Research Group, Division of Life Sciences, King's College London, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOHN D. NORTON; JOHN D. NORTON *CRC Dept. of Gene Regulation, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, manchester M20 9BX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JIN LI; JIN LI 1Infection and Immunity Research Group, Division of Life Sciences, King's College London, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOHN J. MURPHY JOHN J. MURPHY 1Infection and Immunity Research Group, Division of Life Sciences, King's College London, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1997) 25 (2): 306S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025306s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ZHI-QIANG NING, JOHN D. NORTON, JIN LI, JOHN J. MURPHY; Distinct mechanisms for rescue from apoptosis in Ramos human B cells by signalling through CD40 and interleukin-4 receptor: Role for inhibition of an early response gene, Berg36. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1997; 25 (2): 306S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025306s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A Unique Grid-Block System for Improved Grid Orientation (2004)

Abstract The grid orientation effect is a long-standing problem plaguing reservoir simulators that employ finite difference schemes. A rotation of the computational grids yields a substantially different solution under certain circumstances. For example, in a five-spot pattern, the predicted recovery, water cut performance and the locations of the fronts depend on the type of grid system used. A Cartesian grid with one axis parallel to the line joining an injector and producer gives a solution significantly different from a grid that has the axes oriented at 45° to this line. The objective of this study is to develop a grid system that can improve the representation of the configuration, thus minimizing the grid orientation effect. This paper presents a method for reducing the effect of grid orientation on computed numerical results in finite difference reservoir simulation. This method involves using a unique grid-block assignment where rectangular grid blocks are interspersed with octagonal grid blocks. The boundaries are then populated with triangular grid blocks. Thus, the entire domain will consist of a "structured" grid block system referred to as the Hybrid Grid Block (HGB). To test the viability of HGB, a finite difference IMPES-formulated two-dimensional black oil simulator was developed in this study, while retaining the familiar finite-difference discretization of the flow equations. Simulation cases were conducted to further examine the grid orientation effect in conventional grid block systems. Then, similar cases are run using HGB grid system. The outcome shows that HGB gives very close agreement between the parallel and diagonal grid orientation. This innovative grid block assignment will help to reduce the grid orientation effects compared to conventional grid block system.
Prokineticin 2 depolarizes paraventricular nucleus magnocellular and parvocellular neurons (2007)

Blind whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were used to examine the effects of prokineticin 2 (PK2) on the excitability of magnocellular (MNC), parvocellular preautonomic (PA), and parvocellular neuroendocrine (NE) neurons within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat. The majority of MNC neurons (76%) depolarized in response to 10 nm PK2, effects that were eliminated in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX). PK2 also caused an increase in excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) frequency, a finding that was confirmed by voltage clamp recordings demonstrating increases in excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) frequency. The depolarizing effects of PK2 on MNC neurons were also abolished by kynurenic acid (KA), supporting the conclusion that the effects of PK2 are mediated by the activation of glutamate interneurons within the hypothalamic slice. PA (68%) and NE (67%) parvocellular neurons also depolarized in response to 10 nm PK2. However, in contrast to MNC neurons, these effects were maintained in TTX, indicating that PK2 directly affects PA and NE neurons. PK2-induced depolarizations observed in PA and NE neurons were found to be concentration-related and receptor mediated, as experiments performed in the presence of A1MPK1 (a PK2 receptor antagonist) abolished the effects of PK2 on these subpopulations of neurons. The depolarizing effects of PK2 on PA and NE neurons were also shown to be abolished by PD 98059 (a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor) suggesting that PK2 depolarizes PVN parvocellular neurons through a MAPK signalling mechanism. In combination, these studies have identified separate cellular mechanisms through which PK2 influences the excitability of different subpopulations of PVN neurons.
Nanocrystal Diffusion Doping (2013)

A diffusion-based synthesis of doped colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals is demonstrated. This approach involves thermodynamically controlled addition of both impurity cations and host anions to preformed seed nanocrystals under equilibrium conditions, rather than kinetically controlled doping during growth. This chemistry allows thermodynamic crystal compositions to be prepared without sacrificing other kinetically trapped properties such as shape, size, or crystallographic phase. This doping chemistry thus shares some similarities with cation-exchange reactions, but proceeds without the loss of host cations and excels at the introduction of relatively unreactive impurity ions that have not been previously accessible using cation exchange. Specifically, we demonstrate the preparation of Cd(1-x)Mn(x)Se (0 ≤ x ≤ ∼0.2) nanocrystals with narrow size distribution, unprecedentedly high Mn(2+) content, and very large magneto-optical effects by diffusion of Mn(2+) into seed CdSe nanocrystals grown by hot injection. Controlling the solution and lattice chemical potentials of Cd(2+) and Mn(2+) allows Mn(2+) diffusion into the internal volumes of the CdSe nanocrystals with negligible Ostwald ripening, while retaining the crystallographic phase (wurtzite or zinc blende), shape anisotropy, and ensemble size uniformity of the seed nanocrystals. Experimental results for diffusion doping of other nanocrystals with other cations are also presented that indicate this method may be generalized, providing access to a variety of new doped semiconductor nanostructures not previously attainable by kinetic routes or cation exchange.
Operational Behaviour of an Industrial Fixed Bed Reactor for Biomethanation of Alcohol Slops from Different Crops (1990)

Distillery slops from a multicrop ethanol plant are difficult to treat anaerobically, because the composition and load changes throughout the year due to processing of different sugar-and starch-containing crops. For achieving high COD removal efficiencies and good process stabilities at medium strength loading rates, a two-phase anaerobic treatment process with a fixed-bed reactor for biomethanation was developed and tested in pilot-scale. On the basis of these experiments a full-scale unit with 1,800 m3 reactor volume was erected, which has been in operation for more than one year. The fixed-bed reactor is operated with COD loads up to 10 kg COD/m3d at hydraulic retention times of about 5 days. A variety of highly concentrated slops can be treated successfully with COD removals from 85 % to over 90 %. The fixed-bed reactor withstood sudden changes in wastewater strength and composition and is able to handle hydraulic overloads. Operational data from the industrial unit show that the performance and reliability of the fixed-bed reactor is much better than a conventional contact system, which was operated in a parallel run in the same scale. The results show, that the application of fixed-bed reactors can be recommended for a wide variety of high-strength wastewaters with low suspended solids contents.
Host genetic susceptibility to severe dengue infection (2011)

Epidemiological evidence indicates that host genetic factors are relevant and predispose DHF/DSS development. Here, we review the host genetic studies concerning human leucocyte antigens, antibody receptors, immune/inflammatory mediators, attachment molecules, cytokines and other factors exerting an immunoregulatory effect as well as the current genome-wide association studies. We also discuss some viewpoints on future challenges related to the design of safe and effective prevention and treatment options.
A Framework for 3D Hand Tracking and Gesture Recognition using Elements of Genetic Programming (2007)

In this paper we present a framework for 3D hand tracking and dynamic gesture recognition using a single camera. Hand tracking is performed in a two step process: we first generate 3D hand posture hypothesis using geometric and kinematics inverse transformations, and then validate the hypothesis by projecting the postures on the image plane and comparing the projected model with the ground truth using a probabilistic observation model. Dynamic gesture recognition is performed using a Dynamic Bayesian Network model. The framework utilizes elements of soft computing to resolve the ambiguity inherent in vision-based tracking by producing a fuzzy hand posture output by the hand tracking module and feeding back potential posture hypothesis from the gesture recognition module.
Interaction between tachykinins and CGRP in human skin. (1993)

Substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) coexist in nerve fibres in the skin. CGRP causes erythema upon intracutaneous injection. The erythema is independent of axon reflexes and release of mast cell histamine. SP is known to produce a flare reaction that is dependent on axon reflexes and release of mast cell histamine. The flare reaction to NKA is known to depend predominantly on axon reflexes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible cooperation between SP and CGRP. SP was found to shorten the duration of the reddening induced by CGRP, injected concomitantly. NKA did not shorten the duration of the CGRP response. Local elimination of mast cells in the skin by treatment with compound 48/80 had the effect that SP lost its ability to shorten CGRP-evoked erythema. These observations support the suggestion that an SP-evoked release of proteolytic enzymes from mast cells could lead to accelerated degradation of CGRP.
Defect reduction in GaN/(0001)sapphire films grown by molecular beam epitaxy using nanocolumn intermediate layers (2008)

Transmission and scanning electron microscopies are used to examine the epitaxial lateral overgrowth of GaN on GaN nanocolumns grown on AlN/(0001)sapphire by molecular beam epitaxy. Initially, N-rich growth gave a bimodal morphology consisting of defect-free Ga-polar nanocolumns emanating from a compact, highly defective N-polar layer. Under subsequent Ga-rich conditions, the nanocolumns grew laterally to produce continuous Ga-polar overlayers. Threading dislocation (TD) densities in the overlayer were in the range of 108–109cm−2, up to two orders of magnitude less than in the N-polar underlayer. It is proposed that the change in polarity is a key factor controlling the reduction in TD density.
PP.13.22 (2015)

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of TNF-alpha in the induction of oxidative stress caused by chronic ethanol consumption and the involvement of PVAT in such response. Design and method: Wild type (WT) C57/BL6 and knockout mice for TNFR1receptors (TNFR1-/-) were treated with ethanol 20% (v/v) for 9 weeks. The thoracic aorta was used in the following biochemical experiments: detection of superoxide anion (O2-); determination of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and 8-isoprostane; evaluation of nitrate, cytokines, catalase activity and GSH levels (Ethical committee:12.1.1654.53.9). Results: In WT mice, ethanol treatment increased the levels of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and IL-18) in the aorta with PVAT. Treatment with ethanol increased O2- levels (RLU/mg protein) in aortas with PVAT from WT mice (Control: 149 ± 8, n = 5; Ethanol: 235 ± 13, n = 5). This increase was not observed in aortas from TNFR1-/- mice. Ethanol treatment increased plasma TBARS levels (nmol /ml) (Control: 16.2 ± 1.5, n = 7; Ethanol 23.9 ± 1.7, n = 6) in WT mice. In WT mice, ethanol increased the levels of TBARS (nmol/mg protein) in aortas without PVAT (Control: 12.1 ± 0.8, n = 5; Ethanol: 18.6 ± 2.0, n = 6) and with PVAT (Control: 9.5 ± 0.8, n = 5; Ethanol: 16.9 ± 2.5, n = 5). This increase was not observed in aortas and plasma from TNFR1-/- mice. Furthermore, 8-isoprostane levels were reduced in TNFR1-/- animals treated with ethanol compared to others groups. In WT mice, the levels of nitrate/nitrite (mmol/mg protein) were reduced in the aorta without PVAT (Control: 16.6 ± 1.6, n = 5; Ethanol: 7.7 ± 0.8, n = 6) and with PVAT (Control: 15.0 ± 3.5, n = 5; Ethanol: 1.9 ± 0.3, n = 5). This increase was not observed in aortas from TNFR1-/- mice. WT showed reduced catalase activity in aorta without PVAT, but not TNFR1-/- mice after treatment with ethanol. GSH levels were higher in aorta with PVAT than aorta without PVAT in both groups. Conclusions: TNF-alpha modulates vascular oxidative stress induced by chronic ethanol consumption and is supposed to PVAT does not display a beneficial/protective action in reducing the vascular inflammation and oxidative damage caused by ethanol.
Modeling of multilevel converters (1997)

In this paper, the imbricated cells multilevel converters are studied and modeled from a control viewpoint. These converters make use of several switches connected in a series, which allows using switches with reduced voltage ratings; these low voltage switches have lower conduction losses and can switch at higher frequency. In addition to this feature common to all converters using series connected switches, the control signals of multilevel converters can be phase shifted to increase the apparent switching frequency and improve the dynamic performances of the whole converter. It is shown that a multilevel inverter leg, composed of p pairs of switches and p-1 capacitors, forms a multivariable nonlinear system that cannot be properly modeled by standard methods such as state-space averaging. The transient behavior of this system depends on the current harmonics and their phase shift with the different control signals. A specific model is detailed, studied, and used to illustrate the properties of these converters. In particular, the natural balancing of the voltage across the switches is demonstrated and the time constants involved in this process are determined.
Adaptive optics wide-field microscopy using direct wavefront sensing (2011)

We report a technique for measuring and correcting the wavefront aberrations introduced by a biological sample using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, a fluorescent reference source, and a deformable mirror. The reference source and sample fluorescence are at different wavelengths to separate wavefront measurement and sample imaging. The measurement and correction at one wavelength improves the resolving power at a different wavelength, enabling the structure of the sample to be resolved.