gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation-induced DNA Single-strand Breaks in the Intestinal Mucosal Cells of Mice Treated with the Radioprotectors WR-2721 or 16-16 Dimethyl Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (1987)

Both S-2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) and 16-16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dm PGE2) protected the intestinal clonogenic cells to some degree from the effects of 137Cs gamma-irradiation. The D0 was increased from 1.1 +/- 0.12 Gy in controls to 1.55 +/- 0.48 Gy in 16-16 dm PGE2 treated and 2.12 +/- 0.20 Gy in WR-2721 treated mice. Both agents also increased the shoulder of the clonogenic-cell survival curve. Studies were done to measure the effects of these two different radioprotectors on radiation-induction of DNA single-strand breaks in cells comprising the murine intestinal mucosa. The number of DNA single-strand breaks increased with increasing doses of gamma-rays in animals killed immediately following exposure. WR-2721 reduced the number of initial radiation-induced DNA single-strand breaks when given one-half hour before exposure; the time of maximum protection. In contrast, 16-16 dm PGE2 given 1 hour before irradiation (the time required to afford maximum protection from radiation cytotoxicity) did not reduce the number of initial DNA breaks. Both agents impeded the rate of rejoining of DNA breaks with increasing time after irradiation. However, the relationship between these effects on the rate of strand rejoining and cell survival is unknown. These results suggest that either both agents are similarly distributed within the cells but the mechanisms of radioprotection are different, or the mechanisms by which these agents protect are similar, but the two agents affect different subcellular targets, the protection of which contributes to increased cell survival.
A Decision Model for Nurse-to-Patient Assignment (2010)

A critical consequence of the current nurse shortage in the US may be an increase in the workloads on hospital nurses. Heavy workloads have been identified as a major cause of job dissatisfaction among hospital nurses and may ultimately lead to a reduction in the quality of patient care. A focus on the balancing of the workload among scheduled nurses through patient assignments can help to alleviate the chance of assigning excessive workloads to one or more nurses during a shift. Nurse-to-patient assignment, the final stage of the nurse planning was the main intention of this study. It is reasonable to assume that this stage has a direct connection to the workload on a nurse during the shift. However, in addition to balancing direct patient care needs among the nursing staff, total workload balance must also consider indirect patient care and unit-related activities that are required of nurses and which are often affected by the layout of the hospital unit. Therefore, enhanced and supplementary workload measures were considered in this study in an effort to improve upon previous nurse-to-patient assignment methodologies.\nMeasures of "good" and "balanced" assignments were developed through consultation with the charge nurses working on this unit and through the use of the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). A new patient acuity scoring system was developed specifically for use by nurses in making nurse-to-patient assignments. A distance scoring system was also developed to indicate the total relative distance a nurse would traverse during her shift based on her assignments. The resulting nurse-to-patient assignments were found to be as good, or better, than the assignments produced manually by the unit charge nurses. Results also indicated that the variability of the nurse-to-patient assignments were greatly reduced in terms of total nurse workload, total patient workload, and total distance traveled during the shift.\nThis work is the first to explicitly consider incorporating travel distances into the construction of a nurse's patient assignment and to use AHP to define the importance of each workload measure in making the nurse-to-patient assignments. Additional key findings, future work and possible research directions are discussed.
Normalized Online Learning (2013)

We introduce online learning algorithms which are independent of feature scales, proving regret bounds dependent on the ratio of scales existent in the data rather than the absolute scale. This has several useful effects: there is no need to pre-normalize data, the test-time and test-space complexity are reduced, and the algorithms are more robust.
Beyond Moran's<i>I</i>: Testing for Spatial Dependence Based on the Spatial Autoregressive Model (2007)

The statistic known as Moran's I is widely used to test for the presence of spatial dependence in observations taken on a lattice. Under the null hypothesis that the data are independent and identically distributed normal random variates, the distribution of Moran's I is known, and hypothesis tests based on this statistic have been shown in the literature to have various optimality properties. Given its simplicity, Moran's I is also frequently used outside of the formal hypothesis‐testing setting in exploratory analyses of spatially referenced data; however, its limitations are not very well understood. To illustrate these limitations, we show that, for data generated according to the spatial autoregressive (SAR) model, Moran's I is only a good estimator of the SAR model's spatial‐dependence parameter when the parameter is close to 0. In this research, we develop an alternative closed‐form measure of spatial autocorrelation, which we call APLE , because it is an approximate profile‐likelihood estimator (APLE) of the SAR model's spatial‐dependence parameter. We show that APLE can be used as a test statistic for, and an estimator of, the strength of spatial autocorrelation. We include both theoretical and simulation‐based motivations (including comparison with the maximum‐likelihood estimator), for using APLE as an estimator. In conjunction, we propose the APLE scatterplot, an exploratory graphical tool that is analogous to the Moran scatterplot, and we demonstrate that the APLE scatterplot is a better visual tool for assessing the strength of spatial autocorrelation in the data than the Moran scatterplot. In addition, Monte Carlo tests based on both APLE and Moran's I are introduced and compared. Finally, we include an analysis of the well‐known Mercer and Hall wheat‐yield data to illustrate the difference between APLE and Moran's I when they are used in exploratory spatial data analysis.
Making contact (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Making contact: getting the group communicating with groupware Authors: Andrew Cockburn Department of Computer Science, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Department of Computer Science, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New ZealandView Profile , Saul Greenberg Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4View Profile Authors Info & Claims COCS '93: Proceedings of the conference on Organizational computing systemsDecember 1993 Pages 31–41https://doi.org/10.1145/168555.168559Published:01 December 1993Publication History 18citation660DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations18Total Downloads660Last 12 Months15Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
"High-fidelity" in musical tone production? (1954)

The tremendous surge of interest in "high-fidelity" sound during recent years has attracted the attention of many manufacturers in commercial fields peripheral to the manufacture of sound equipment. Recently (and somewhat paradoxically) several manufacturers of musical instruments have attempted to capitalize on "hi-fi" interest. It is concluded that the goal of sound reproducer research and development has been to attempt to recreate the original sound. Presumably one-hundred per cent fidelity would be the achievement of perfect reproduction of the original sound. Manufacturers of musical instruments should think this through before paying the high compliment of imitation to their own imitators. A music production system has inherent advantages in quality of performance over music repro· duction systems Gower system noise and distortion, for example). Surely exploitation of such inherent advantages is a more positive and lasting policy for producers of music production equipment than borrowing publicity generated by producers of music reproduction equipment.
Combining global relevance information with local contextual clues for event-oriented information extraction (2008)

Existing IE systems tend to focus on a tight window of con-text surrounding the desired information to be extracted. This research addresses shortcomings of these systems by intro-ducing a two-phase approach to IE that incorporates global relevance information with local contextual evidence, to ef-fectively extract information from free text.
The performance of µ-kernel-based systems (1997)

First-generation µ-kernels have a reputation for being too slow and lacking sufficient flexibility. To determine whether L4, a lean second-generation µ-kernel, has overcome these limitations, we have repeated several earlier experiments and conducted some novel ones. Moreover, we ported the Linux operating system to run on top of the L4 µ-kernel and compared the resulting system with both Linux running native, and MkLinux, a Linux version that executes on top of a first-generation Mach-derived µ-kernel. For L4Linux, the AIM benchmarks report a maximum throughput which is only 5 % lower than that of native Linux. The corresponding penalty is 5 times higher for a co-located in-kernel version of MkLinux, and 7 times higher for a user-level version of MkLinux. These numbers demonstrate both that it is possible to implement a high-performance conventional operating system personality above a µ-kernel, and that the performance of the µ-kernel is crucial to achieve this. Further experiments illustrate that the resulting system is highly extensible and that the extensions perform well. Even real-time memory management including second-level cache allocation can be implemented at user-level, coexisting with L4 Linux. 1
Polyethylene oxide additive-entrapped polyvinyl chloride as a new blood bag material (1999)

Until now, most widely used blood bag material has been a plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) because it has many desirable properties as a blood bag material. One of main concerns of using plasticized PVC as a blood bag material is the toxicity of the plasticizers that are leached out of the material. We tried to solve this problem by the addition of polyethylene oxide (PEO)-containing amphiphilic block copolymers as additives in the PVC. The PEO additives may play two roles: they can act as nontoxic plasticizers to PVC, and they can also act as blood-compatible surface modifiers. In this study, PEO additive-entrapped PVC films were prepared by the addition (up to 30 wt%) of PEO-alkyl carbon block copolymers or PEO-polypropylene oxide (PPO)-PEO triblock copolymers with different PEO chain lengths in the PVC. The prepared PEO additive-containing PVC films were characterized by the measurements of water contact angle, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflectance mode, mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break), water absorption, and stability of the PEO additives entrapped in the films. It was observed that the PEO additive-entrapped PVC films were flexible and transparent. It seems that the PEO additives are surface active, resulting in the considerable change of surface characteristics without a significant change of the mechanical properties of the films compared to the control PVC without any additives or a commercial blood bag. The adhesion of platelets on the film surfaces was significantly reduced by the addition of PEO additives. It seems that 10% addition of PEO additives is enough for the suppression of platelet adhesion on the surfaces. This study demonstrated that the use of PEO-containing block copolymers as additives to the PVC can be a feasible approach to prepare a new type of blood bag.
Intracellular Ca <sup>2+</sup> oscillations drive spontaneous contractions in cardiomyocytes during early development (1999)

Activity of cardiac pacemaker cells is caused by a balanced interplay of ion channels. However, it is not known how the rhythmic beating is initiated during early stages of cardiomyogenesis, when the expression of ion channels is still incomplete. Based on the observation that early-stage embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes continuously contracted in high extracellular K+ solution, here we provide experimental evidence that the spontaneous activity of these cells is not generated by transmembrane ion currents, but by intracellular [Ca2+]i oscillations. This early activity was clearly independent of voltage dependent L-type Ca2+ channels and the interplay between these and ryanodine sensitive Ca2+ stores. We also show that intracellular Ca2+ oscillations evoke small membrane depolarizations and that these can trigger L-type Ca2+ channel driven action potentials.
Ultra-high-frequency switches and filters (1952)

The paper discusses the uses of filters and switches in u.h.f. radiorelay links. Typical requirements for such components are given and possible designs reviewed.As examples, designs of filters and switches used in the London-Birmingham television radio-relay link are given in detail. The switch employs resonant stub-lines placed in shunt with the main transmission lines; typical performance details are given. The filters are of the band-rejection type, and consist of stub lines, composed of a series of nominal quarter-wavelength sections of line, shunted across the main transmission line. Design curves for the filter stubs and complete filters are given. Typical filter-attenuation curves are shown, and comparison between the theoretical and experimental results is made.
Microtasking on IBM multiprocessors (1986)

The demand for very high computing performance has become increasingly common in many scientific and engineering environments. In addition to vector processing, parallel computing is now considered a useful way to enhance performance. However, parallel computing tends to be unpopular among users because, with presently available technology and software, it requires explicit programmer intervention to exploit architectural parallelism. This intervention can be minor in some cases, but it often requires a nonnegligible amount of program restructuring, or even a reformulation of some of the algorithms used. In addition, it makes program debugging considerably more difficult. Tools for interprocedural program analysis, able to analyze at high levels large FORTRAN programs composed of many subroutines and to perform an automatic high-level parallel decomposition, are being developed at IBM. As an additional possibility, low-level parallelism could also be exploited automatically. This would greatly simplify the program analysis needed in a compiler in order to automatically insert parallel constructs in a program. However, this could only be efficient in an environment in which the cost for scheduling and synchronizing parallel activities is extremely small. Such a “microtasking” environment has been realized, at a prototype level, for IBM multiprocessors and is described in this paper. Its applicability and potential are illustrated with the help of some simple examples. These examples show that, with microtasking, good processor utilization and useful speed-ups are achieved even for fine-grain problems. The user interface of the prototype is described, both at the FORTRAN and at the Assembler level, and the possibility of incorporating this environment into a FORTRAN compiler is discussed.
A system of qualitative analysis for the anions (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA system of qualitative analysis for the anionsJ. T. Dobbins and H. A. Ljung Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1935, 12, 12, 586Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1935Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1935Published inissue 1 December 1935https://doi.org/10.1021/ed012p586RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views412Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Crystal Growth and Structure and Magnetic Properties of the 5d Oxide Ca<sub>3</sub>LiOsO<sub>6</sub>: Extended Superexchange Magnetic Interaction in Oxide (2010)

Crystals of the newly synthesized compound Ca(3)LiOsO(6) were grown by a flux method using LiCl and KCl, followed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-temperature powder XRD, and measurements of ac and dc magnetic susceptibility and specific heat. The data indicate that Ca(3)LiOsO(6) has a fully opened electronic gap with an antiferromagnetic ordered state, consistent with suggestions from the first-principles study. The observed magnetic transition temperature is 117 K, too high to be caused only by a direct spin-spin interaction. It appears that the original superexchange magnetic path Os-O-Os is absent; thus, the extended superexchange path (Os-O)-(O-Os) can be expected to be responsible for the 117 K magnetic order. If this is true, Ca(3)LiOsO(6) would be highly valuable to study the nature of extended superexchange magnetic interactions in solids.
Michael Reaction of Stabilized Carbon Nucleophiles Catalyzed by [RuH<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>] (1996)

The Michael reaction of active methylene compounds lacking cyano groups such as malonates, β-ketoesters, 1,3-diketones, 1,1-disulfones, nitrocompounds, Meldrum acid, and anthrone with common acceptors proceeds in acetonitrile solution in the presence of [RuH2(PPh3)4] as the catalyst. Cyano acetates, more acidic than malonates in organic solvents, are also excellent substrates for this reaction. In a number of cases, intramolecular aldol reactions catalyzed by [RuH2(PPh3)4] were also observed as side reactions. Catalysis by other ruthenium and rhodium complexes has been examined. Selectivity studies performed with malonate and disulfone donors indicate that the catalyst selectively activates Michael donors that can coordinate with ruthenium(II). Additionally, it has been shown that the reaction requires the presence of free phosphine. Therefore, the Michael reaction of stabilized enolates appears to be a ruthenium- and phosphine-catalyzed reaction. From a practical point of view, the use of readily prepared [RuH2(PPh3)4] as the catalyst in acetonitrile provided the best solution for the Michael reaction of active methylene compounds.
Model and computer simulations of the motion of DNA molecules during pulse field gel electrophoresis (1991)

A model is presented for the motion of individual molecules of DNA undergoing pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The molecule is represented by a chain of charged beads connected by entropic springs, and the gel is represented by a segmented tube surrounding the beads. This model differs from earlier reptation/tube models in that the tube is allowed to leak in certain places and the chain can double over and flow out of the side of the tube in kinks. It is found that these kinks often lead to the formation of U shapes, which are a major source of retardation in PFGE. The results of computer simulations using this model are compared with real DNA experimental results for the following cases: steady field motion as seen in fluorescence microscopy, mobility in steady fields, mobility in transverse field alternation gel electrophoresis (TFAGE), mobility in field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE), and linear dichroism (LD) of DNA in agarose gels during PFGE. Good agreement between the simulations and the experimental results is obtained.
Reducing power consumption in android applications (2014)

Battery consumption in mobile hand held devices is an important issue, given the recent slew of such devices with advanced computing capabilities. In this paper we propose some software based approaches to reduce the power consumption of a mobile device running an Android application. In the first approach we consider a typical Android application. We try to minimize the power consumption by reducing the main window surface size. In the second approach we consider the applications having higher graphics or rendering requirements and utilize surface view for rending the content, such as games, internet browser and video player, which contribute most in draining the battery. Our approach involves removing the surface view and directly utilizing the application's main window surface. We present various experiments to measure the power consumption for every scenario. We also discuss about advantages and problems of the proposed methods along with some possible solutions.
A single-axis area changeable capacitive accelerometer with folded springs (2008)

A single-axis area changeable capacitive accelerometer with folded springs is reported in this paper. The accelerometer is made up of upper and lower electrodes, working as a parallel plate capacitance, with folded springs on the upper electrode. The output signals of this device are linear. Analyzed by the ANSYS, it shows the design of the accelerometer is feasible. We have fabricated the upper electrode with folded springs using the inductively couple plasma (ICP) and the lower electrode by coating an Al layer on the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> .