gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insensitivity to the cytolytic effects of glucocorticoids in vivo is associated with a novel "slow death" phenotype. (1991)

Tumors formed from wild type P1798 mouse lymphoma cells undergo regression when treated with pharmacological doses of natural and synthetic glucocorticoids in vivo. Variants have been selected that are insensitive to the cytolytic effects of glucocorticoids in vivo. Although the response of wild type and insensitive tumors is markedly different in vivo, the manner in which cells from such tumors respond to glucocorticoids is indistinguishable in culture under routine conditions. Glucocorticoids inhibit proliferation of wild type cells as well as those that are insensitive to glucocorticoids in vivo. Although neither cell line dies when exposed to dexamethasone in culture in the presence of fetal bovine serum, both sensitive and insensitive cell lines undergo cytolysis when exposed to dexamethasone in serum-free medium. Sensitive cells die more quickly, with 50% cell death observed within 6 h. Insensitive cells exhibit less than 10% cell death within 6 h. Sensitive cells continue to die after transitory exposure to dexamethasone, whereas insensitive cells do not. Thus, growth in serum-free medium mimics the response that prevails in vivo. Cell death is associated with rapid, internucleosomal chromatin degradation. The rate of DNA fragmentation is comparable to that of cell death. About 30% of the DNA in sensitive cells is degraded to fragments of less than 10 kilobases within 2 h after addition of dexamethasone, and 70-80% of the DNA is degraded within 6 h. There is no significant degradation observed when insensitive cells are treated for 6 h. P1798 cell lines express an endonuclease that is capable of degrading chromatin in vitro. Basal expression of this activity does not correlate with glucocorticoid sensitivity, and insensitivity does not appear to be attributable to a decrease in expression of the enzyme(s) thought to be responsible for glucocorticoid-mediated chromatin degradation. The data suggest that glucocorticoid insensitivity is associated with delayed activation and/or induction of some lytic principle. Alternatively, resistance may be due to enhanced ability to repair the damage induced by transitory exposure to glucocorticoids in vivo.
Optimization of the catalytic oxidation of CO for closed-cycle CO2 laser applications (1985)

This report develops a basis for the design of a catalyst bed for the recombination of CO and O2 in a closed-cycle CO2 laser system. The catalyst is 1% Pt on SnO2 having a BET surface area of 6.7 sq m/g and a specific void volume of 0.374 cu cm/g. The design conditions are: a catalyst bed temperature of 100 C and a circulating flow rate of 10 lambda/min. Under these conditions, the required quantity of catalyst for prolonged laser operation of 668g. The rat law for the reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of 1% CO + 1/2% O2 in helium was determined to be overall first order; however, additional experiments with non-stoichiometric gas mixtures of CO and O2 are needed to determine the order of the CO concentration and the order of the O2 concentration in the rate law.
(+)-Pleuromutilin synthetic studies. Examples of intramolecular hydrogen abstraction by the .beta.-carbon of a 2-cyclopentenone subunit with resultant .alpha.-coupling (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(+)-Pleuromutilin synthetic studies. Examples of intramolecular hydrogen abstraction by the .beta.-carbon of a 2-cyclopentenone subunit with resultant .alpha.-couplingLeo A. Paquette, Paul D. Pansegrau, Paul E. Wiedeman, and James P. SpringerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 7, 1461–1466Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00242a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00242a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views489Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Low Cost, High Integrity, Aided Inertial Navigation Systems for Autonomous Land Vehicles (2000)

This thesis describes the theoretical and practical development of a low cost, high integrity, aided inertial navigation system for use in autonomous land vehicle applications. The demand for fail safe navigation systems which can be used on large autonomous land vehicles such as those found in container terminals, agriculture, construction and in mines, has driven research and technology into the development of high integrity navigation suites. Integrity, in this thesis, is defined as the ability of a navigation system to provide reliable navigation information while also monitoring the health of the data and either correcting any faults that may occur or rejecting faulty data. Thus integrity encapsulates reliability while the reverse is not necessarily true. This thesis provides, both in practical and theoretical terms, the fusion processes adopted and the implementation of fault detection techniques required for a high integrity aided inertial navigation system. There are three main contributions: Firstly, the development of an aided inertial navigation system using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as an aiding source for use in autonomous land vehicles. This is accomplished by using a Kalman filter as the estimation algorithm along with the addition of fault detection techniques so as to increase the integrity of the system. The real time structure of the navigation architecture is provided along with results of its implementation in an autonomous 65 tonne straddle carrier. However, the algorithm development provides a generic structure thus allowing the use of the navigation suite on any land vehicle. Secondly is the use of vehicle modelling to bound drift errors associated with inertial navigation. This provides a sensor-free aiding source due to the inherent constrained motion of land vehicles. Vehicle constraints can thus be used as an extra aiding source with other sensors which in turn improves the accuracy and integrity of the overall navigation system. This is demonstrated with the real time implementation of an inertial navigation system being aided by three separate aiding sources; GNSS, vehicle modelling and speed data provided by an encoder. Finally, the understanding of the effect of inertial sensor redundancy to navigation accuracy and fault detection is addressed. A redundant inertial measurement unit is developed and tested and provides the necessary physical sensor for future fault detection work. This concludes this thesis by providing the foundation for the autonomous detection of faults in inertial units and furthermore the final level of integrity required for a navigation system.
ForceAtlas2, a Continuous Graph Layout Algorithm for Handy Network Visualization Designed for the Gephi Software (2014)

Gephi is a network visualization software used in various disciplines (social network analysis, biology, genomics...). One of its key features is the ability to display the spatialization process, aiming at transforming the network into a map, and ForceAtlas2 is its default layout algorithm. The latter is developed by the Gephi team as an all-around solution to Gephi users' typical networks (scale-free, 10 to 10,000 nodes). We present here for the first time its functioning and settings. ForceAtlas2 is a force-directed layout close to other algorithms used for network spatialization. We do not claim a theoretical advance but an attempt to integrate different techniques such as the Barnes Hut simulation, degree-dependent repulsive force, and local and global adaptive temperatures. It is designed for the Gephi user experience (it is a continuous algorithm), and we explain which constraints it implies. The algorithm benefits from much feedback and is developed in order to provide many possibilities through its settings. We lay out its complete functioning for the users who need a precise understanding of its behaviour, from the formulas to graphic illustration of the result. We propose a benchmark for our compromise between performance and quality. We also explain why we integrated its various features and discuss our design choices.
Analytical Extraction of a Schottky Diode Model From Broadband $S$-Parameters (2013)

We present an analytic method to extract Schottky diode parasitic model parameters. All the ten unknown model parameters are extracted via a straightforward step-by-step procedure. The challenges for a proper finger inductance and series resistance extraction are discussed and solutions are recommended. The proposed method is evaluated using three sets of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> -parameter data for GaAs-based planar Schottky diodes, i.e., data from measurement up to 110 GHz and 3-D electromagnetic full-wave simulations up to 600 GHz. The extracted models agree well with the measured and simulated data.
The TLR7 Agonist R848 Alleviates Allergic Inflammation by Targeting Invariant NKT Cells To Produce IFN-γ (2010)

It has been documented that TLR7 stimulation triggers not only antiviral responses, but also alleviates experimental asthma. Considering the implication of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells in both situations, we postulated that they might contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect of TLR7 ligands. We show in this study that spleen cells activated by the TLR7 agonist resiquimod (R848) attenuate allergic inflammation upon adoptive transfer when they are recovered from wild-type, but not from iNKT cell-deficient Jα18(-/-) mice, which proves the specific involvement of this regulatory population. Furthermore, we provide evidence that IFN-γ is critical for the protective effect, which is lost when transferred iNKT cells are sorted from IFN-γ-deficient mice. In support of a direct activation of iNKT cells through TLR7 signaling in vivo, we observed a prompt increase of serum IFN-γ levels, associated with upregulation of CD69 expression on iNKT cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that iNKT cells effectively express TLR7 and respond to R848 in vitro by producing high levels of IFN-γ in the presence of IL-12, consistent with the conclusion that their contribution to the alleviation of allergic inflammation upon treatment with TLR7 ligands is mediated through IFN-γ.
Plasmonic–Molecular Resonance Coupling: Plasmonic Splitting versus Energy Transfer (2012)

Plasmonic–molecular resonance coupling was systematically studied using quasistatic approximation, Mie theory, and rigorous finite-difference time-domain calculations. The results indicate that the two types of coupling behaviors, plasmonic splitting and energy transfer, which are commonly manifested in experiments as peak splitting and a quenching dip, respectively, can be unified by considering a Au nanocrystal core coated with dye molecules. The dye coating is treated as a dielectric shell with Lorentzian-type absorption. By varying the oscillator strength and molecular transition line width, either plasmonic splitting or a quenching dip can be observed on the scattering spectrum of the dye-coated Au nanocrystal. The effects of the thickness of the dye coating, the spacing between the dye shell and the Au core, the partial dye coating, and the Au core shape on the coupled spectral shape were also ascertained. Our results will be useful for further exploring new phenomena in plasmon-based light–matter interactions as well as for developing highly selective and sensitive detection devices on the basis of plasmonic–molecular resonance coupling.
The Weighted Byzantine Agreement Problem (2011)

This paper presents a weighted version of the Byzantine Agreement Problem and its solution under various conditions. In this version, each machine is assigned a weight depending on the application. Instead of assuming that at most f out of N machines fail, the algorithm assumes that the total weight of the machines that fail is at most f/N. When each machine has weight 1/N, this problem reduces to the standard Byzantine Generals Agreement Problem. By choosing weights appropriately, the weighted Byzantine Agreement Problem can be applied to situations where a subset of processes are more trusted. By using weights, the system can reach consensus in the presence of Byzantine failures, even when more than N/3 processes fail, so long as the total weight of the failed processes is less than 1/3. Also, a method to update the weights of the processes after execution of the weighted Byzantine Agreement is given. The update method guarantees that the weight of any correct process is never reduced and the weight of any faulty process, suspected by correct processes whose total weight is at least 1/4, is reduced to 0 for future instances. A short discussion of some weight assignment strategies is also given.
Recognition of Cancer in vivo by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1972)

Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance has been used to differentiate in vivo between normal mouse tail tissue and a malignant transplanted melanoma, S91, located on the tail. The tumor displayed a nuclear (proton) spin-lattice relaxation time of approximately 0.7 second contrasted with the simultaneously measured normal tail tissue relaxation time of approximately 0.3 second.
Aryl Biphenyl‐3‐ylmethylpiperazines as 5‐HT<sub>7</sub> Receptor Antagonists (2013)

The 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7 R) is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of depression and neuropathic pain. The 5-HT7 R antagonist SB-269970 exhibited antidepressant-like activity, whereas systemic administration of the 5-HT7 R agonist AS-19 significantly inhibited mechanical hypersensitivity and thermal hyperalgesia. In our efforts to discover selective 5-HT7 R antagonists or agonists, aryl biphenyl-3-ylmethylpiperazines were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated against the 5-HT7 R. Among the synthesized compounds, 1-([2'-methoxy-(1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (28) was the best binder to the 5-HT7 R (pKi =7.83), and its antagonistic property was confirmed by functional assays. The selectivity profile of compound 28 was also recorded for the 5-HT7 R over other serotonin receptor subtypes, such as 5-HT1 R, 5-HT2 R, 5-HT3 R, and 5-HT6 R. In a molecular modeling study, the 2-methoxyphenyl moiety attached to the piperazine ring of compound 28 was proposed to be essential for the antagonistic function.
A tutorial on ATM traffic management (1996)

In order to efficiently support the ATM multi-application environment in a potentially multivendor network, the ATM layer defines a sophisticated set of traffic-management functions and procedures whose main objectives are to protect network and users' performance, to optimize the use of the network resources, and to protect applications against network congestion. This paper gives an overview of ATM traffic management.
Flexible least squares for approximately linear systems (1990)

The problem of filtering and smoothing for a system described by approximately linear dynamic and measurement relations has been studied for many decades. Yet the potential problem of misspecified dynamics, which makes the usual probabilistic assumptions involving normality and independence questionable at best, has not received the attention it merits. This paper proposes a probability-free multicriteria "flexible least squares" filter which meets this misspecification problem head on. A Fortran program implementation is provided for this filter, and references to simulation and empirical results are given. Although there are close connections with the standard Kalman filter, there are also important conceptual and computational distinctions. The Kalman filter, relying on probability assumptions for model discrepancy terms, provides a unique estimate for the state sequence. In contrast, the flexible least squares filter provides a family of state sequence estimates, each of which is vector-minimally incompatible with the prior dynamical and measurement specifications.
Binding Forces of Cellulose Binding Modules on Cellulosic Nanomaterials (2019)

In this study, the interaction forces between different cellulosic nanomaterials and a protein domain belonging to cellulose binding modules family 1 (CBM1) were investigated at the molecular scale. Cellulose binding modules are protein domains found in carbohydrate active enzymes having an affinity toward cellulosic materials. Here, the binding force of a fusion protein containing a cellulose binding module (CBM1) produced recombinantly in E. coli was quantified on different cellulose nanocrystals immobilized on surfaces. Adhesion of the CBM on cellulose with different degrees of crystallinity as well as on chitin nanocrystals was examined. This study was carried out by single molecule force spectroscopy using an atomic force microscope, which enables the detection of binding force of individual molecules. The study contains a preliminary quantification of the interactions at the molecular level that sheds light on the development of new nanocellulose-based nanocomposites with improved strength and elasticity.
Phosphorus cracking efficiency and flux transients from a valved effusion cell (1995)

The transient behavior of the flux from a valved effusion cell containing red phosphorus is shown to result from a low elemental sublimation coefficient (α=1.3×10−7) and not from the presence of white phosphorus in the sublimator region. The criteria for generating white phosphorus in the sublimator are given. The conversion from tetramers to dimers is modeled as a function of temperature and pressure. At higher pressures, higher temperatures are needed to convert P4 to P2. Experimental results are shown to be in qualitative agreement with results from thermodynamic equilibrium arguments.
Just Noticeable Differences in Component Concentrations Modify the Odor Quality of a Blending Mixture (2008)

The odors we perceive are mainly the result of mixtures of odorants that, however, are commonly perceived as single undivided entities; nevertheless, the processes involved remain poorly explored. It has been recently reported that perceptual blending based on configural olfactory processing can cause odorant mixtures to give rise to an emergent odor not present in the components. The present study examined whether specific component proportions are required to elicit an emergent odor. Starting from the composition of a ternary target mixture in which an emergent pineapple odor was perceived, 4 concentration levels of each component were chosen to elicit just noticeable differences (JNDs). Each combination of levels was used to design sample mixtures. Fifteen subjects evaluated the intensity, typicality, and pleasantness of each sample mixture against the target mixture in a paired-comparison protocol. Statistical modeling showed that a variation of less than 1 JND in one of the components was sufficient to induce a significant decrease in pineapple odor typicality in the ternary mixture. This finding confirms previous findings on perceptual blending in simple odorant mixtures and underscores the human ability to discriminate between odor percepts induced by mixtures including very similar odorant proportions.
Cooled infrared filters and dichroics for the sea and land surface temperature radiometer (2013)

The sea and land surface temperature radiometer (SLSTR) is a nine-channel visible and infrared high-precision radiometer designed to provide climate data of global sea and land surface temperatures. The SLSTR payload is destined to fly on the Ocean and Medium-Resolution Land Mission for the ESA/EU global monitoring for environment and security (GMES) programme Sentinel-3 mission to measure the sea and land temperature and topography for near real-time environmental and atmospheric climate monitoring of the Earth. In this paper we describe the optical layout of infrared optics in the instrument, the spectral thin-film multilayer design, and the system channel throughput analysis for the combined interference filter and dichroic beam splitter coatings to discriminate wavelengths at 3.74, 10.85, 12.0 μm. The rationale for selection of thin-film materials, the deposition technique, and environmental testing, inclusive of humidity, thermal cycling, and ionizing radiation testing are also described.
Symmetry properties of aberrated point-spread functions (1994)

The symmetry properties of point-spread functions of optical imaging systems with circular pupils aberrated by a Zernike-circle polynomial aberration were discussed by Nijboer [ “ The diffraction theory of aberrations,” Ph.D. dissertation ( University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, 1942)]. Although it was not pointed out by him, his analysis and some of his results are valid only for systems with large Fresnel numbers. The symmetry properties for systems with small and large Fresnel numbers are discussed. The analysis is extended to systems with annular pupils aberrated by a Zernike-annular polynomial aberration. This analysis is further extended to pupils with nonuniform but radially symmetric illumination such as Gaussian. It is shown, in particular, that whereas, for uniform pupils, the axial irradiance of the imaging-forming light cone for a primary spherical aberration is symmetric about the defocused point with respect to which the aberration variance is minimum, it is asymmetric for nonuniform pupils. The discussion is equally valid for focused beams of light. Computer-generated pictures of point-spread functions of systems with circular and annular pupils aberrated by primary aberrations illustrating their symmetry properties are given.
Tritiated amorphous silicon betavoltaic devices (2003)

The introduction of tritium into hydrogenated amorphous silicon has given rise to a novel material with interesting physical properties and potential applications. Tritium undergoes radioactive decay, transforming into 3He+ and emitting an electron with average energy 5.7 keV, at a rate equivalent to a half-life of 12.3 years. The decay of tritium results in the creation of electron–hole pairs and in the formation of dangling bonds. Infrared spectroscopy and effusion measurements were used to analyse tritium bonding in the silicon network. Electron spin resonance and photoluminescence of tritiated amorphous silicon were examined as a function of time to study the evolution of dangling bonds. Thermal annealing was used to study metastability of dangling bonds in the material. Electrical characteristics of pin diodes containing tritium in the intrinsic layer were investigated. The application of tritiated–hydrogenated amorphous silicon in betavoltaic devices is presented.