gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility study of a single- and multiple-source near-infrared phase-modulation device for characterizing biologic systems. (1997)

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an inexpensive and noninvasive optical method to characterize biologic and physiologic systems. Measurements of oxygen saturation in various organs, cytochrome oxidase concentration, and glucose concentration in tissue are examples of NIR spectroscopy applications. This instrument also has potential for diagnostic imaging by comparing the optical properties of a given point in tissue with those of the surrounding areas, e.g., tumor localization, hematoma detection, or deep vein thrombosis detection. Currently, NIR spectroscopy is available in three modalities: time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS), continuous-wave spectroscopy (CWS), and a phase-modulation device. This paper describes a single-source phase-modulation device and a multiple-source (in- and anti-phased) device and their application to system identification. The phase and intensity information for homogeneous systems is correlated with system and instrumental parameters. Phase and intensity changes resulting from the presence of one and two absorbers are illustrated. The sensitivity of in- and anti-phased phase-modulation devices (phased arrays) is demonstrated. The use of amplitude-modulated phased array for heterogeneity detection is described.
Cervical Actinomycosis Due to Actinomyces Naeslundii (2011)

Actinomyces naeslundii, an oral biofilm bacterium of, can be cured using intravenous piperacillin, clindamycin, and surgery. We report a case of cervical actinomycosis due to Actinomyces naeslundii. A 56-year-old man seen for right cervical swelling had undergone dental work. Computed tomography indicated an abscess, from which we aspirated pus using a needle. Although no sulfur granules were found, pus yielded Actinomyces naeslundii. This case is, to our knowledge, the first reported in Japan of cervical actinomycosis due to A. naeslundii.
Parametric Studies on Dynamic Performance of Hybrid Airfoil Bearing (2008)

Airfoil bearings offer many advantages over oil-lubricated bearings, but they have reliability issues during start∕stops (wear) and limited heat dissipation capability. To address these issues, a hybrid airfoil bearing (HAFB) combining hydrodynamic airfoil bearing with hydrostatic lift was introduced previously by one of the authors of this paper. Their studies show that HAFB has superior performance compared to its hydrodynamic counterpart in load capacity and cooling performance. In this article, the bearing stiffness and damping coefficients of HAFB are calculated using a linear perturbation method developed for HAFB. Simulations showed that feed parameter and supply pressure affect the dynamic characteristics of HAFB. With an increase in either the supply pressure or the feed parameter, the rotor centers itself and hence one sees a decrease in direct stiffness. Simulations showed that the cross-coupled stiffness could be reduced by increasing either the supply pressure or the feed parameter. Direct damping showed increasing trend with the supply pressure and the feed parameter. Frequency-domain analysis of the bearing coefficients was also performed. The direct damping showed marginal changes with supply pressure but showed rapid increase with increasing excitation frequencies. The damping converged to null values for all the pressures for supersynchronous excitations. The loss in damping with high stiffness values for high frequency excitation is a typical hardening effect of gas bearings. In almost all the cases, there are rapid decreases in cross-coupled stiffness and damping and the values show converging trends in supersynchronous regime.
12-Lipoxygenase Products Reduce Insulin Secretion and β-Cell Viability in Human Islets (2010)

These data suggest that 12(S)-HETE reduces insulin secretion and increases cell death in human islets. The 12-LO pathway is present in human islets, and expression is up-regulated by inflammatory cytokines. Reduction of 12-LO activity could thus provide a new therapeutic approach to protect human beta-cells from inflammatory injury.
PARA (2009)

I embarked at Liverpool, with Mr. Wallace, in a small trading vessel, on the 26th of April, 1848 ; and, after a swift passage from the Irish Channel to the equator, arrived, on the 26th of May, off Salinas. This is the pilot-station for vessels bound to Pará, the only port of entry to the vast region watered by the Amazons. It is a small village, formerly a missionary settlement of the Jesuits, situated a few miles to the eastward of the Pará river. Here the ship anchored in the open sea,.at a distance of six miles from the shore, the shallowness of the water far out around the mouth of the great river not permitting in safety a nearer approach ; and the signal was hoisted for a pilot. It was with deep interest that my companion and myself, both now about to see and examine the beauties of a tropical country for the first time, gazed on the land where I, at least, eventually spent eleven of the best years of my life. To the eastward the country was not remarkable in appearance, being slightly undulating, with bare sandhills and scattered trees; but to the westward, stretching towards the mouth of the river, we could see through the captain's glass a long line of forest, rising apparently out of the water; a densely-packed mass of tall trees, broken into groups, and finally into single trees, as it dwindled away in the distance.
Investigations on the Mechanisms of Ionic Conductivity in PEO−PU/PAN Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Network−Salt Complex Polymer Electrolytes:  An Impedance Spectroscopy Study (2004)

This paper is a first comprehensive study on the correlated ion transport mechanisms contributing to the overall conductivity behavior in a new class of poly(ethylene oxide)-polyurethane/polyacrylonitrile (PEO-PU/PAN) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs)-salt complex polymer electrolytes. A simultaneous investigation of the electrical response on PEO-PU/PAN/LiClO(4) and PEO-PU/PAN/LiCF(3)SO(3) semi-IPNs with varying EO/Li mole ratios (100, 60, 30, 20, 15, 10) has been carried out by impedance spectroscopy. Analysis of the complex plane and spectroscopic plots indicated the presence of two microscopic phases corresponding to the PEO-PU and PAN domains, which leads to space charge polarization in these systems. A suitably modified approach based on the universal power law (UPL) considering the independent contribution from the individual microphases of semi-IPNs facilitates a complete interpretation of the spectroscopic profiles for the real component of conductivity (sigma'(omega)). The sigma'(omega) spectroscopic profiles were fitted with two power law equations, where the frequency region up to approximately 300 kHz is the conductivity profile associated with the PAN phase and beyond this is the superimposed contribution of the PEO-PU phase. Simulated fits using the UPL equation revealed two relaxation times (tau(PEO)(-)(PU), tau(PAN)) related to ionic hopping in the PEO-PU and PAN phases in addition to the conductivity relaxation time (tau(peak)) determined from the Debye peaks. The respective power law exponents (n(PEO)(-)(PU) approximately 0.5-0.8, n(PAN) approximately 1.0-1.6) indicate that though cationic hopping in the softer PEO-PU phase is favored, anionic hopping in the PAN phase contributes significantly to the charge transport processes in these semi-IPNs. Correlation of the experimental results with the simulated fits enable us to distinguish the effects of semi-IPN composition, temperature, morphology, ion-ion, and ion-polymer interactions, which influence the microscopic molecular events, involved in the charge transport in these complex semi-IPN polymer electrolytes.
Effect of the motilin agonist KC 11458 on gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis (2004)

KC 11458, in a dose of 8 mg t.d.s. for 8 days, does not accelerate gastric emptying in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. The absence of efficacy may relate to an effect of hyperglycaemia.
An attribute-based mutual authentication scheme with time-bounded keys (2019)

Remote user authentication scheme is an important technique for securely accessing the resources of servers. Traditionally, password-based authentication schemes are commonly adopted mechanisms, i.e., a user first chooses a password and then registers to the server for becoming a legitimate member. Nevertheless, such schemes are vulnerable to password guessing attacks and a remote server might have to maintain a password table for verifying users. In recent years, attribute-based cryptosystems have been received much attention. An attribute-based authentication scheme allows a remote system to verify a user's membership according to his/her owned attribute sets without using passwords. In 2015, Yun et al. proposed an improved attribute-based authentication protocol by utilizing Shamir's secret sharing technique. Their protocol is secure against man-in-the-middle, replay and collusion attacks. However, we find out that their scheme only achieves one-way authentication rather than mutual authentication. In this paper, we extend their work to further fulfill the crucial property of mutual authentication. Moreover, we incorporate the concept of time-bounded keys into the extended variant for providing more flexible applications in the real world.
Spread spectrum communications using CMOS digital correlators (2003)

CMOS digital correlators with extended on-chip signal processing capabilities strongly increase the applicability of digital matched filters (DMFs) in noncoherent direct sequence spread spectrum receivers. However, the digital concept gives rise to problems caused by time- and amplitude-quantization at analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion prior to correlation. In the present work, a noncoherent receiver structure, using a sampling window technique to prevent timing errors due to oscillator uncertainties, is reviewed. In order to improve the system performance in the presence of CW (continuous wave) interference, a 2-bit A/D-converter (ADC) with adaptive thresholds is proposed. The performance of a DMF receiver using 2-bit A/D conversion as well as hard limiting is compared with that of an analog matched filter receiver. By the use of the 2-bit ADC instead of the hard limiter, a performance improvement is obtained, and, when interferences have a strong CW content, the analog counterpart is even outperformed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Predictive Torque Control for the Synchronous Reluctance Machine Taking Into Account the Magnetic Cross Saturation (2007)

A predictive torque and flux control algorithm for the synchronous reluctance machine is presented in this paper. The algorithm realizes a voltage space phasor preselection, followed by the computation of the switching instants for the optimum switching space phasor, with the advantages of inherently constant switching frequency and time equidistant implementation on a DSP-based system. The criteria on how to choose the appropriate voltage space phasor depend on the state of the machine and the deviations of torque and flux at the end of the cycle. In order to obtain an appropriate model of the machine, it has been developed on a d-q frame of coordinates attached to the rotor and takes into account the magnetic saturation in both d-q axes and the cross-saturation phenomenon between both axes. Therefore, high-performance torque control is achieved, and the torque ripple is reduced. Simulated and experimental results using a DSP/field-programmable-gate-array-based control and a commercially available machine show the validity of the proposed control scheme
Chemoattractant Receptors Activate Distinct Pathways for Chemotaxis and Secretion (1999)

Human leukocyte chemoattractant receptors activate chemotactic and cytotoxic pathways to varying degrees and also activate different G-proteins depending on the receptor and the cell-type. To determine the relationship between G-protein usage and the biological and biochemical responses activated, receptors for the chemoattractants formyl peptides (FR), platelet-activating factor (PAFR), and leukotriene B(4) (BLTR) were transfected into RBL-2H3 cells. Pertussis toxin (Ptx) served as a Galpha(i) inhibitor. These receptors were chosen to represent the spectrum of G(i) usage as Ptx had differential effects on their ability to induce calcium mobilization, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, and exocytosis with complete inhibition of all responses by FR, intermediate effects on BLTR, and little effect on PAFR. Ptx did not affect ligand-induced phosphorylation of PAFR and BLTR but inhibited phosphorylation of FR. In contrast, chemotaxis to formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine, leukotriene B(4), and platelet-activating factor was completely blocked by Ptx. Wortmannin, a phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, also completely blocked ligand-induced chemotaxis by all receptors but did not affect calcium mobilization or phosphoinositide hydrolysis; however, it partially blocked the exocytosis response to formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine and the platelet-activating factor. Membrane ruffling and pseudopod extension via the BLTR was also completely inhibited by both Ptx and wortmannin. These data suggest that of the chemoattractant receptors studied, G-protein usage varies with FR being totally dependent on G(i), whereas BLTR and PAFR utilize both G(i) and a Ptx-insensitive G-protein. Both Ptx-sensitive and -insensitive G-protein usage can mediate the activation of phospholipase C, mobilization of intracellular calcium, and exocytosis by chemoattractant receptors. Chemotaxis, however, had an absolute requirement for a G(i)-mediated pathway.
A PRMA integrated voice and data system with data steal into voice (DSV) technique (2002)

Integrated voice and data systems with packet reservation multiple access (PRMA) have been studied in previous research. The access delay of voice packets, which may result in packet dropping, is the main problem of such systems. The authors apply DSV (data steal into voice) technique to PRMA integrated voice and data systems and propose a modified PRMA scheme called PRMA-DSV. For voice terminals, the PRMA-DSV system always looks like a speech-only PRMA system no matter how heavy the data traffic is. Thus, the PRMA-DSV system has the minimum value of average delay of voice packets in PRMA-type integrated voice and data systems. Since one uses the efficient signals to control the transmission of data packets, the delay performance of data messages is also improved. An approximate Markov analysis is presented to evaluate the throughput and delay performance of the system. Some numerical examples are given in the paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast mode decision algorithm for H.264 using statistics of rate-distortion cost (2008)

A context-based fast mode decision scheme for P slices in the H.264 video coding standard is presented. Based on the coding modes and the statistical distribution of rate-distortion costs of the collocated macroblocks in the previous frames, a context modelling technique has been developed to design adaptive threshold values for the fast mode decision. The simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the encoding time by about 83% on average without significant loss of rate-distortion performance.
β<sub>3</sub>-Adrenoceptor Is the Predominant β-Adrenoceptor Subtype in Human Myometrium and Its Expression Is Up-Regulated in Pregnancy (2005)

To assess whether pregnancy might influence the functionality and expression of human myometrial beta(2)- and beta(3)-adrenoceptors (beta(2)- and beta(3)-AR), we performed functional, binding, Western blot, and molecular biology experiments in human nonpregnant and near-term pregnant myometrium. Inhibition of spontaneous contractions induced by a beta(3)-AR agonist, SR 59119A, was significantly greater in pregnant, compared with nonpregnant, myometrial strips (E'(max) = 61 +/- 5% vs. 44 +/- 5% for pregnant and nonpregnant myometrium, respectively), whereas salbutamol, a beta(2)-AR agonist, was significantly less efficient in pregnant, compared with nonpregnant, myometrium (E(max) = 29 +/- 4 vs. 54 +/- 8%). Although two populations of binding sites corresponding to beta(2)- and beta(3)-AR were identified in both nonpregnant and pregnant myometrium, we found a clear predominance of the beta(3)-AR subtype. Moreover, beta(3)-AR binding sites were up-regulated 2-fold in myometrium at the end of pregnancy. Both beta(2)- and beta(3)-AR mRNA were expressed in human nonpregnant and pregnant myometrium. Contrary to beta(2)-AR, the expression of the beta(3)-AR transcripts and immunoreactive proteins was increased in pregnant, compared with nonpregnant, myometrium. Such compelling data suggest a predominant role for beta(3)-AR in the regulation of human myometrium contractility, especially at the end of pregnancy, which might have important consequences for the clinical management of preterm labor.
Polymerization of dicyclopentadiene: A new reaction injection molding system (1985)

Abstract Dicyclopentadiene was polymerized by reaction injection molding (RIM) using a catalyst system based on WCl 6 and diethylaluminium chloride. Ring opening polymerization results in formation of a crosslinked polymer with a high crosslink density. The kinetics of the fast exothermic reaction was followed by the adiabatic temperature rise method. In addition to the “adiabatic” polymerization, isothermal reactions were carried out in a thin mold. The properties of the cured samples were determined by dynamic mechanical measurements, solgel analysis, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, DSC, and IR spectrometry. Gel fraction, glass transition temperature, content of the unreacted monomer, the modulus, and the degree of swelling were used to characterize the cured samples. The system shows very low critical conversion at the gel point (α c < 0.01) proving a chainwise mechanism of the polymerization. Possible participation of a cationic mechanism is discussed. We found the specific reaction temperature range ( T = 100–140°C) for optimum properties of the cured samples. Deterioration of properties (decrease in the crosslinking density, etc.) at a high temperature is a result of a faster deactivation of catalytic centers and a reversibility of the exothermic ring opening polymerization. Reverse cyclodegradation is preferred at a higher temperature.
Total Prosthetic Replacement of the Temporomandibular Joint (1979)

Twenty-seven patients have been operated on for total replacement of the temporomandibular joint because of ankylosis due to trauma, arthritis, neoplasm, infection, or pain. One prosthesis had to be taken out because of gross infection due to Staphylococcus albus, 2 more were removed for pain and dislocation of the prosthesis, and 1 was removed because of erosion through the skin. The remaining 23 had no complications.
Binding of Epstein-Barr virus small RNA EBER-1 to the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase DAI (1991)

Epstein-Barr virus encodes two small RNAs, EBER-1 and -2, that are abundantly expressed in latently infected cells. Recent evidence suggests a role for EBER-1 in regulation of translation since this RNA is able to prevent the inhibition of protein synthesis by double-stranded RNA in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. We show here that EBER-1 that has been synthesized in vitro forms a complex with the dsRNA-activated inhibitor of protein synthesis DAI, a protein kinase that specifically phosphorylates polypeptide chain initiation factor eIF-2. Gel retardation assays and UV crosslinking experiments indicate that complex formation is specific for EBER-1 and requires the presence of some secondary structure in the molecule. RNA competition studies show that EBER-1-DAI complex formation is not inhibited in the presence of other small RNA species, heparin or the synthetic double-stranded RNA, poly(I).poly(C). SDS gel analysis reveals the existence of two forms of the crosslinked complex, of 64-68kDa and 46-53kDa, both of which are recognized by anti-DAI antibodies in immunoprecipitation experiments. These data suggest that EBER-1 regulates protein synthesis through its ability to interact with DAI.
Molecular Genetics of Alzheimer Disease: Identification of Genes and Gene Mutations (1995)

Alzheimer disease (AD), the major form of senile dementia, is rapidly becoming a major health problem in developed countries since as populations live longer the number of elderly people continues to grow. Simultaneously, the number of AD cases is increasing since AD is mainly a late-onset disorder and since no effective therapies are available. The primary causes of AD have not yet been elucidated. However, several researchers in different disciplines are actively engaged in AD research with one ultimate goal, i.e. trying to understand the disease pathology. Knowledge of the biochemical basis of the disease may eventually lead to a therapy which either prevents AD or allows AD patients to be treated. One such discipline is molecular genetics. The aim of molecular genetic studies is to identify genes that are either responsible for or contribute to the expression of AD. Once such a gene is identified, studies of its normal and/or abnormal gene product may help us understand the primary disease mechanisms and lead to more effective therapy. Currently, 3 genetic loci have been identified that predispose to AD: AD1 on chromosome 21, AD2 on chromosome 19, and AD3 on chromosome 14. This review aims at summarizing the progresses that have made in identifying genes and gene mutations that predispose to AD.
Automated Opal Grading by Imaging and Statistical Learning (2015)

Quantitative grading of opals is a challenging task even for skilled opal assessors. Current opal evaluation practices are highly subjective due to the complexities of opal assessment and the limitations of human visual observation. In this paper, we present a novel machine vision system for the automated grading of opals-the gemological digital analyzer (GDA). The grading is based on statistical machine learning with multiple characteristics extracted from opal images. The assessment workflow includes calibration, opal image capture, image analysis, and opal classification and grading. Experimental results show that the GDA-based grading is more consistent and objective compared with the manual evaluations conducted by the skilled opal assessors.
Thickness measurement for volume holograms by analysis of first-order diffraction (1992)

We present a method for measuring the thickness of volume holograms by analyzing the variations of the diffraction efficiency as a function of angle of incidence. This method can be justified theoretically within the Born approximation for gratings with small modulation. But we prove experimentally that the method can work surprisingly well even for strongly modulated volume holograms. The principle of the method consists of the determination of angles of incidence for which the first-order diffraction efficiency takes its extreme (maxima and minima) values: these angles are related to the thickness of the grating.