gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser microshaping: Fundamentals, practical applications, and future prospects (2001)

Today the laser technologies are widely used in the processing of materials, including also the precise microshaping. Deep UV lasers have very good prospects in the lithography, used for fabrication of chips, while the femtosecond pulsed lasers open the new horizons for the micro- and submicroprofilling. But these are the field of the future prospects. As for today state-of-the-art, contribution to the application of lasers for these purposes are the numerous advantages of the laser techniques over the traditional methods, such as: — wide variety of materials to be treated, — possibility of achieving narrow cuts and practically waste-free separation, — small heat-affected zone, — minimal mechanical effect and minimum thermal deformations, — possibility of microshaping along a complex profile in two, or even three, dimensions, — possibility of fast and precise process switch-on and off and to include in the processing feedback on the treated parameters.
Natural and genetically engineered proteins for tissue engineering (2011)

To overcome the limitations of traditionally used autografts, allografts and, to a lesser extent, synthetic materials, there is the need to develop a new generation of scaffolds with adequate mechanical and structural support, control of cell attachment, migration, proliferation and differentiation and with bio-resorbable features. This suite of properties would allow the body to heal itself at the same rate as implant degradation. Genetic engineering offers a route to this level of control of biomaterial systems. The possibility of expressing biological components in nature and to modify or bioengineer them further, offers a path towards multifunctional biomaterial systems. This includes opportunities to generate new protein sequences, new self-assembling peptides or fusions of different bioactive domains or protein motifs. New protein sequences with tunable properties can be generated that can be used as new biomaterials. In this review we address some of the most frequently used proteins for tissue engineering and biomedical applications and describe the techniques most commonly used to functionalize protein-based biomaterials by combining them with bioactive molecules to enhance biological performance. We also highlight the use of genetic engineering, for protein heterologous expression and the synthesis of new protein-based biopolymers, focusing the advantages of these functionalized biopolymers when compared with their counterparts extracted directly from nature and modified by techniques such as physical adsorption or chemical modification.
Epigenetic and transcriptional determinants of the human breast (2015)

While significant effort has been dedicated to the characterization of epigenetic changes associated with prenatal differentiation, relatively little is known about the epigenetic changes that accompany post-natal differentiation where fully functional differentiated cell types with limited lifespans arise. Here we sought to address this gap by generating epigenomic and transcriptional profiles from primary human breast cell types isolated from disease-free human subjects. From these data we define a comprehensive human breast transcriptional network, including a set of myoepithelial- and luminal epithelial-specific intronic retention events. Intersection of epigenetic states with RNA expression from distinct breast epithelium lineages demonstrates that mCpG provides a stable record of exonic and intronic usage, whereas H3K36me3 is dynamic. We find a striking asymmetry in epigenomic reprogramming between luminal and myoepithelial cell types, with the genomes of luminal cells harbouring more than twice the number of hypomethylated enhancer elements compared with myoepithelial cells.
Recruiting on the internet (1997)

Cet article explique comment Internet peut etre un outil pour le recrutement du personnel d'une entreprise. Les differents modes d'utilisation d'Internet pour le recrutement sont presentes : les annonces classees des journaux electroniques, les annonces de la presse professionnelle, l'envoi par LISTSERV, les sources de recherche multiples, l'utilisation du site Web de l'entreprise, la base de donnee SoftBase, la recherche active des candidats
New Connections across Pathways and Cellular Processes: Industrialized Mutant Screening Reveals Novel Associations between Diverse Phenotypes in Arabidopsis     (2008)

In traditional mutant screening approaches, genetic variants are tested for one or a small number of phenotypes. Once bona fide variants are identified, they are typically subjected to a limited number of secondary phenotypic screens. Although this approach is excellent at finding genes involved in specific biological processes, the lack of wide and systematic interrogation of phenotype limits the ability to detect broader syndromes and connections between genes and phenotypes. It could also prevent detection of the primary phenotype of a mutant. As part of a systems biology approach to understand plastid function, large numbers of Arabidopsis thaliana homozygous T-DNA lines are being screened with parallel morphological, physiological, and chemical phenotypic assays (www.plastid.msu.edu). To refine our approaches and validate the use of this high-throughput screening approach for understanding gene function and functional networks, approximately 100 wild-type plants and 13 known mutants representing a variety of phenotypes were analyzed by a broad range of assays including metabolite profiling, morphological analysis, and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics. Data analysis using a variety of statistical approaches showed that such industrial approaches can reliably identify plant mutant phenotypes. More significantly, the study uncovered previously unreported phenotypes for these well-characterized mutants and unexpected associations between different physiological processes, demonstrating that this approach has strong advantages over traditional mutant screening approaches. Analysis of wild-type plants revealed hundreds of statistically robust phenotypic correlations, including metabolites that are not known to share direct biosynthetic origins, raising the possibility that these metabolic pathways have closer relationships than is commonly suspected.
Memory and network bandwidth aware scheduling of multiprogrammed workloads on clusters of SMPs (2006)

Symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs), combined with modern interconnection technologies are commonly used to build cost-effective compute clusters. However, contention among processors for access to shared resources, as is the main memory bus and the NIC can limit their efficiency significantly. In this paper, we first provide an experimental demonstration of the effect of resource contention on the total execution time of applications. Then, we present the design and implementation of an informed gang-like scheduling algorithm aimed at improving the throughput of multiprogrammed workloads on clusters of SMPs. Our algorithm selects the processes to be coscheduled so as not to saturate nor underutilize the memory bus or network link bandwidth. Its input data are acquired dynamically using hardware monitoring counters and a modified Myrinet NIC firmware, without any modifications to existing application binaries. Experimental evaluation shows throughput can improve up to 40-48% compared to the standard Linux 2.6 O(1) scheduler
Known‐plaintext attack on secure kNN computation on encrypted databases (2014)

ABSTRACT To protect user privacy and data security in cloud computing, a secure k‐nearest neighbor computation‐enhanced scheme on encrypted database has been proposed by Wong, Cheung, Kao and Mamoulis. The scheme is proven resistant to the known‐plaintext attack. We show that contrary to claims, the enhanced asymmetric scalar‐product‐preserving encryption cannot resist known‐plaintext attack by directly solving a secret key from a set of known plaintext–ciphertext pairs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycogen storage diseases of muscle (1998)

Ten specific enzyme defects of glycogen metabolism affect skeletal muscle alone or in combination with other tissues. The newest addition to this group of disorders is the defect of aldolase A (glycogenosis type XII), a block in terminal glycolysis associated with myopathy and a hemolytic trait. The muscle glycogenoses cause two major syndromes, one characterized by exercise intolerance, cramps, and myoglobinuria, and the other dominated by fixed, often progressive weakness. This review considers sequentially recent advances in the following: clinical features or clinical variants, including a brief description of glycogenosis type XII; animal models, both spontaneous and genetically engineered; physiopathologic mechanisms, especially of the exercise intolerance and myoglobinuria; biochemical and molecular features--molecular defects are just beginning to be discovered for some glycogenoses (e.g. phosphorylase-b-kinase deficiency or branching enzyme deficiency), whereas they form long lists for others, such as acid maltase deficiency and myophosphorylase deficiency; and therapeutic approaches, including enzyme replacement and gene therapy.
The C-terminal region of the Vibrio fischeri LuxR protein contains an inducer-independent lux gene activating domain. (1991)

The Vibrio fischeri luminescence genes are activated by an autoinducer and the 250-amino acid residue LuxR protein. To develop a general view of LuxR structure and function, a set of luxR 5'-deletion mutations was generated. Ten luxR mutant plasmids encoding active LuxR proteins with deletions ranging from residues 2-5 (delta 2-5) to residues 2-182 (delta 2-182) were studied. The degree of transcriptional activation of luminescence genes by the truncated LuxR proteins ranged from 0.01% to greater than 200% of the wild-type level. LuxR proteins with small deletions (up to delta 2-20) were active and remained autoinducer-dependent, LuxR proteins with deletions between residues 2-58 and 2-138 showed low activity and were not affected by autoinducer, and LuxR proteins with large deletions such as the delta 2-162 protein were highly active and autoinducer-independent. However, proteins with deletions equal to or greater than delta 2-20 were unable to autoregulate luxR. Our data indicate there is a C-terminal LuxR domain capable of functioning as a transcriptional activator. We suggest that an N-terminal region of LuxR starting between residues 20 and 58 and extending to the region of residues 138-162 masks the activator function of the C-terminal domain. Residues prior to position 20 are needed for autoregulatory function. Experiments showing that wild-type luxR is dominant over luxR genes coding the delta 2-58 through delta 2-138 proteins indicate the N-terminal arm masks lux DNA binding.
Evidence for a Functional Role of the Dynamics of Glycine-121 of<i>Escherichia coli</i>Dihydrofolate Reductase Obtained from Kinetic Analysis of a Site-Directed Mutant (1997)

Two-dimensional heteronuclear (1H−15N) nuclear magnetic relaxation studies of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Escherichia coli have demonstrated that glycine-121 which is 19 Å from the catalytic center of the enzyme has large-amplitude backbone motions on the nanosecond time scale [Epstein, D. M., Benkovic, S. J., and Wright, P. E. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 11037−11048]. In order to probe the dynamic−function relationships of this residue, we constructed a mutant enzyme in which this glycine was changed to valine. Equilibrium binding studies indicated that the Val-121 mutant retained wild-type binding properties with respect to dihydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate; however, binding to NADPH and NADP+ was decreased by 40-fold and 2-fold, respectively, relative to wild-type DHFR. Single-turnover experiments indicated that hydride transfer was reduced by 200-fold to a rate of 1.3 s-1 and was the rate-limiting step in the steady state. Interestingly, pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of the Val-121 mutant revealed a conformational change which preceded chemistry that occurred at a rate of 3.5 s-1. If this step exists in the kinetic mechanism of the wild-type enzyme, then it would be predicted to occur at a rate of approximately 2000 s-1. Glycine-121 was also changed to alanine, serine, leucine, and proline. While the Ala-121 and Ser-121 mutants behaved similar to wild-type DHFR, the Leu-121 and Pro-121 mutants behaved like Val-121 DHFR in that hydride transfer was the rate-limiting step in the steady state and a conformational change preceding chemistry was observed. Finally, insertion of a glycine or valine between amino acids 121 and 122 produced mutant enzymes with properties similar to wild-type or Val-121 DHFRs, respectively. Taken together, these results provide compelling evidence for dynamic coupling of a remote residue to kinetic events at the active site of DHFR.
Defining effective service level agreements for network operation and maintenance (2005)

Service level agreements (SLAs) facilitate the business partnership between the customer and the service provider and have long been an integral part of the information technology (IT) service business. With the recent advancement of network operations and maintenance (O&M) services, SLAs are being identified to support the delivery of these services. This letter describes the importance of defining attainable, affordable, and measurable SLAs that focus resources on the customer's primary business.
The stabilizing effect of streaks on Tollmien-Schlichting and oblique waves: A parametric study (2007)

The stabilizing effect of finite amplitude streaks on the linear growth of unstable perturbations [Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) and oblique waves] is numerically investigated by means of the nonlinear parabolized stability equations. We have found that for stabilization of a TS-wave, there exists an “optimal” spanwise spacing of the streaks. These streaks reach their maximum amplitudes close to the first neutral point of the TS-wave and induce the largest distortion of the mean flow in the unstable region of the TS-wave. For such a distribution, the required streak amplitude for complete stabilization of a given TS-wave is considerably lower than for β=0.45, which is the optimal for streak growth and used in previous studies. We have also observed a damping effect of streaks on the growth rate of oblique waves in Blasius boundary layer and for TS-waves in Falkner-Skan boundary layers.
Orientation and electronic structure of methylene blue on mica: A near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy study (1996)

Methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution is widely used for the determination of the specific surface area of mica. In this procedure, knowledge of the space requirement for each ion-exchange-reacted methylene blue (MB) molecule is a prerequisite for a precise determination of the specific surface area. There is, however, some disagreement about the correct value due to the unknown orientation of the adsorbed MB molecules. In the present study the electronic structure and orientation of MB on muscovite mica is investigated with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the synchrotron-based technique of near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. It was found that the MB molecules are tilted, with their largest face inclined at 65–70° with respect to the surface. This value disagrees with common a priori assumptions that MB lies flat on the surface, i.e., the specific surface area of mica is overestimated in many cases by a significant factor. The results, however, agree with a recent study proposing an apparent surface area of 66 Å2 for MB molecules on mica.
THE WAVE EQUATION APPLIED TO MIGRATION* (1976)

A bstract Claerbout's method has been implemented for the migration of stacked seismic data. A simplified description of the method is given together with an account of some of the practical programming problems and the types of inaccuracy encountered. Routine production results are considered to be comparable or superior to the results derived from alternative migration techniques. Particular advantages are 1) the possibility of using a detailed velocity model for the migration and 2) the preservation of the amplitude and character of the seismic events on the migrated time section.
The Mechanical Behavior of Vascular Grafts: A Review (2001)

The development of intimal hyperplasia (IH) near the anastomosis of a vascular graft to artery is directly related to changes in the wall shear rate distribution. Mismatch in compliance and diameter at the end-to-end anastomosis of a compliant artery and rigid graft cause shear rate disturbances that may induce intimal hyperplasia and ultimately graft failure. The principal strategy being developed to prevent IH is based on the design and fabrication of compliant synthetic or innovative tissue-engineered grafts with viscoelastic properties that mirror those of the human artery. The goal of this review is to discuss how mechanical properties including compliance mismatch, diameter mismatch, Young's modulus and impedance phase angle affect graft failure due to intimal hyperplasia.
New Mollusk-Specific .alpha.-Conotoxins Block Aplysia Neuronal Acetylcholine Receptors (1994)

Two mollusc-specific neurotoxic peptides from the venom of the molluscivorous snail Conus pennaceus are described. These new toxins block acetylcholine receptors (AChR) of cultured Aplysia neurons. Bath application of 0.5-1 microM toxin induces 5-10-mV membrane depolarization, which recovers to the control level within 1-3 min in the presence of the toxin. This response is blocked by 1 mM hexamethonium. Concomitantly with the transient depolarization, the toxins block approximately 90% of the depolarizing responses evoked by brief iontophoretic application of acetylcholine. The pharmacology and amino acid sequences of the toxins (alpha PnIA, GCCSLPPCAANNPDYC-NH2; alpha PnIB, GCCSLPPCALSNPDYC-NH2) enable their classification as novel alpha-conotoxins. The sequences differ from those of previously described alpha-conotoxins in a number of features, the most striking of which is the presence of a single negatively charged residue in the C-terminal loop. This loop contains a positively charged residue in piscivorous venom alpha-conotoxins. In contrast to other alpha-conotoxins, which are selective for vertebrate skeletal muscle nicotinic ACh receptors, these Conus pennaceus toxins block neuronal ACh receptors in molluscs. As such they are new probes which can be used to define subtypes of ACh receptors, and they should be useful tools in the study of structure-function relationships in ACh receptors.
Role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of otitis media (2014)

Otitis media (OM) is a public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It is the leading cause of hearing loss and represents a significant healthcare burden. In some cases, acute OM progresses to chronic suppurative OM (CSOM), characterized by effusion and discharge, despite antimicrobial therapy. The emergence of antibiotic resistance and potential ototoxicity of antibiotics has created an urgent need to design non-conventional therapeutic strategies against OM based on modern insights into its pathophysiology. In this article, we review the role of innate immunity as it pertains to OM and discuss recent advances in understanding the role of innate immune cells in protecting the middle ear. We also discuss the mechanisms utilized by pathogens to subvert innate immunity and thereby overcome defensive responses. A better knowledge about bacterial virulence and host resistance promises to reveal novel targets to design effective treatment strategies against OM. The identification and characterization of small natural compounds that can boost innate immunity may provide new avenues for the treatment of OM. There is also a need to design novel methods for targeted delivery of these compounds into the middle ear, allowing higher therapeutic doses and minimizing systemic side effects.
III-Nitride Based Deep UV LEDs and Applications (2009)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. Gaska, "III-Nitride Based Deep UV LEDs and Applications," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2009), paper PTuA1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Development of a test of speech intelligibility in noise using sentence materials with controlled word predictability (1977)

This paper describes a test of everyday speech reception, in which a listener’s utilization of the linguistic-situational information of speech is assessed, and is compared with the utilization of acoustic-phonetic information. The test items are sentences which are presented in babble-type noise, and the listener response is the final word in the sentence (the key word) which is always a monosyllabic noun. Two types of sentences are used: high-predictability items for which the key word is somewhat predictable from the context, and low-predictability items for which the final word cannot be predicted from the context. Both types are included in several 50-item forms of the test, which are balanced for intelligibility, key-word familiarity and predictability, phonetic content, and length. Performance of normally hearing listeners for various signal-to-noise ratios shows significantly different functions for low- and high-predictability items. The potential applications of this test, particularly in the assessment of speech reception in the hearing impaired, are discussed.
Three-dimensional waveguide interconnects for scalable integration of photonic neural networks (2020)

Photonic waveguides are prime candidates for integrated and parallel photonic interconnects. Such interconnects correspond to large-scale vector matrix products, which are at the heart of neural network computation. However, parallel interconnect circuits realized in two dimensions, for example, by lithography, are strongly limited in size due to disadvantageous scaling. We use three-dimensional (3D) printed photonic waveguides to overcome this limitation. 3D optical couplers with fractal topology efficiently connect large numbers of input and output channels, and we show that the substrate’s area and height scale linearly. Going beyond simple couplers, we introduce functional circuits for discrete spatial filters identical to those used in deep convolutional neural networks.