gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles: Tuning Combination Fashions of Gold, Platinum, and Iron Oxide (2008)

Multistep colloidal chemical routes were employed to synthesize Pt/Au, Pt/iron oxide (IO), and Au/Pt/IO hybrid nanoparticles (NPs). The starting templates, Pt NPs, were synthesized by controlling the decomposition kinetics of platinum acetylacetonate in oleylamine. The morphologies of binary metal Pt/Au hybrid NPs were modulated by controllable attachment of Au nanoscale domains to Pt templates. Similarly, Pt/IO and Au/Pt/IO hybrid NPs were fabricated by the controllable attachment of Fe to the Pt or Pt/Au template NPs. The noble metal domains of as-prepared hybrid NPs had face center cubic crystal structures and did not alloy, as verified by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectrometry. X-ray diffraction spectrometry study indicates that the IO domains in the as-prepared NPs have a spinel structure. UV-vis study of binary metal Pt/Au hybrid NPs revealed that they have a characteristic plasmon resonance around 525 nm, while dumbbell-like Au/Pt/IO NPs had a plasmon resonance around 600 nm. Furthermore, magnetism study of the binary Pt-IO NPs clearly indicated that the interfacial interactions between Pt and IO domains could result in a shift of the blocking temperature.
A stable and optimally convergent LaTIn‐CutFEM algorithm for multiple unilateral contact problems (2017)

Summary In this paper, we propose a novel unfitted finite element method for the simulation of multiple body contact. The computational mesh is generated independently of the geometry of the interacting solids, which can be arbitrarily complex. The key novelty of the approach is the combination of elements of the CutFEM technology, namely, the enrichment of the solution field via the definition of overlapping fictitious domains with a dedicated penalty‐type regularisation of discrete operators and the LaTIn hybrid‐mixed formulation of complex interface conditions. Furthermore, the novel P1‐P1 discretisation scheme that we propose for the unfitted LaTIn solver is shown to be stable, robust, and optimally convergent with mesh refinement. Finally, the paper introduces a high‐performance 3D level set/CutFEM framework for the versatile and robust solution of contact problems involving multiple bodies of complex geometries, with more than 2 bodies interacting at a single point.
Reinforcement of starch/polyvinyl alcohol blend using nano‐titanium dioxide (2012)

The article reports the results of the studies on the effect of nano‐titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) on the morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of 1:1 starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites. Degree of crystallinity of the starch/PVA blends increases with increase in the amount of nano‐TiO 2 as determined by differential scanning calorimeter and X‐ray diffraction studies. Results of stress–strain studies indicate an increase in the tensile properties and a decrease in the percentage of elongation and energy at break particularly at higher amount of nano‐TiO 2 . Increase in peak width in the differential thermogram plot for the maximum decomposition temperature is indicative of increased blend heterogeneity in the presence of nanofillers. The degree of swelling in water decreases with increase in filler loading due to filler–matrix bonding.
Raman‐FISH: combining stable‐isotope Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization for the single cell analysis of identity and function (2007)

We have coupled fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with Raman microscopy for simultaneous cultivation-independent identification and determination of (13)C incorporation into microbial cells. Highly resolved Raman confocal spectra were generated for individual cells which were grown in minimal medium where the ratio of (13)C to (12)C content of the sole carbon source was incrementally varied. Cells which were (13)C-labelled through anabolic incorporation of the isotope exhibited key red-shifted spectral peaks, the calculated 'red shift ratio' (RSR) being highly correlated with the (13)C-content of the cells. Subsequently, Raman instrumentation and FISH protocols were optimized to allow combined epifluorescence and Raman imaging of Fluos, Cy3 and Cy5-labelled microbial populations at the single cell level. Cellular (13)C-content determinations exhibited good congruence between fresh cells and FISH hybridized cells indicating that spectral peaks, including phenylalanine resonance, which were used to determine (13)C-labelling, were preserved during fixation and hybridization. In order to demonstrate the suitability of this technology for structure-function analyses in complex microbial communities, Raman-FISH was deployed to show the importance of Pseudomonas populations during naphthalene degradation in groundwater microcosms. Raman-FISH extends and complements current technologies such as FISH-microautoradiography and stable isotope probing in that it can be applied at the resolution of single cells in complex communities, is quantitative if suitable calibrations are performed, can be used with stable isotopes and has analysis times of typically 1 min per cell.
Neurogenetics of Dopaminergic Receptor Supersensitivity in Activation of Brain Reward Circuitry and Relapse: Proposing “Deprivation-Amplification Relapse Therapy” (DART) (2009)

We propose that low D2 receptor density and polymorphisms of the D2 gene are associated with risk for relapse of substance abuse, including alcohol dependence, heroin craving, cocaine dependence, methamphetamine abuse, nicotine sensitization, and glucose craving. With this in mind, we suggest a putative physiological mechanism that may help to explain the enhanced sensitivity following intense acute dopaminergic D2 receptor activation: "denervation supersensitivity." Rats with unilateral depletions of neostriatal dopamine display increased sensitivity to dopamine agonists estimated to be 30 to 100 x in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rotational model. Given that mild striatal dopamine D2 receptor proliferation occurs (20%-40%), it is difficult to explain the extent of behavioral supersensitivity by a simple increase in receptor density. Thus, the administration of dopamine D2 agonists would target D2 sensitization and attenuate relapse, especially in D2 receptor A1 allele carriers. This hypothesized mechanism is supported by clinical trials utilizing amino acid neurotransmitter precursors, enkephalinase, and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme inhibition, which have resulted in attenuated relapse rates in reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) probands. If future translational research reveals that dopamine agonist therapy reduces relapse in RDS, it would support the proposed concept, which we term "deprivation-amplification relapse therapy" (DART). This term couples the mechanism for relapse, which is "deprivation-amplification," especially in DRD2 A1 allele carriers with natural D2 agonist therapy utilizing amino acid precursors and COMT and enkepalinase inhibition therapy.
A Quantitative Analysis of Low-Density (Branched) Polyethylenes by Carbon-13 Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at 67.9 MHz (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Quantitative Analysis of Low-Density (Branched) Polyethylenes by Carbon-13 Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at 67.9 MHzD. E. Axelson, G. C. Levy, and L. MandelkernCite this: Macromolecules 1979, 12, 1, 41–52Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60067a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60067a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views454Altmetric-Citations179LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heavy Vehicle Simulator (2018)

Idaho National Laboratory Heavy Vehicle Simulator located at the Center for Advanced Energy Studies.
A review of the discrete Fourier transform. 2. Non-radix algorithms, real transforms and noise (1995)

For pt.1 see ibid., vol.7, no.4, p.169-77 (1995). Since fast algorithms for the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) were first introduced thirty years ago, they have had a major impact on signal processing and are now a basic part of every electrical engineer's education. However, some of the options, and particularly the recent advances, are not as widely known as they deserve. This article, the second of two which review the fast algorithms for the DFT, looks at algorithms for transforms whose orders are not a power of two. Also discussed are ways of adapting algorithms for purely real data, the problems of fixed-point noise, and implementation options with existing hardware.
On the fidelity of DNA replication. The accuracy of T4 DNA polymerases in copying phi X174 DNA in vitro. (1984)

The fidelity with which wild type T4 DNA polymerase copies phi X174 amber 3 plus strand DNA at position 587 in vitro has been measured. Synthesis is initiated by hybridizing to the template a HaeIII restriction fragment whose 3'-OH terminus is 83 nucleotides from the amber 3 site. Based on gel electrophoresis of product DNA molecules and genetic marker rescue data, T4 DNA polymerase copies significantly beyond the mutant site. Transfection analysis shows that the A X T leads to G X C mutation at position 587 occurs 10- to 100-fold less frequently with T4 DNA polymerase than with E. coli DNA polymerase I. The aberrant incorporation of cytosine opposite adenine at position 587 by the T4 polymerase alone is occurring at a frequency not greater than about 10(-7) which, for this particular locus, may be similar to the fidelity exhibited by the T4 accessory proteins plus the polymerase comprising the replication complex. A comparison of the accuracy of mutator L56 and antimutator L141 T4 DNA polymerases relative to wild type shows at most a 2- to 4-fold decrease and increase, respectively, in fidelity. When compared to 10- to 1000-fold effects on mutation frequencies that these same mutant alleles have in vivo, these results suggest that the wide range in expression of mutator and antimutator phenotypes in vivo may be dependent on an abnormal interaction of the aberrant DNA polymerases with other protein components of the replication complex.
The gene encoding human retinoic acid-receptor-related orphan receptor α is a target for hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (2004)

Retinoic acid-receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) alpha is a nuclear receptor involved in many pathophysiological processes such as cerebellar ataxia, inflammation, atherosclerosis and angiogenesis. In the present study we first demonstrate that hypoxia increases the amount of Rora transcripts in a wide panel of cell lines derived from diverse tissues. In addition, we identified a functional promoter sequence upstream of the first exon of the human Rora gene, spanning -487 and -45 from the translation initiation site of RORalpha1. When cloned in a luciferase reporter vector, this sequence allowed the efficient transcription of the luciferase gene in several cell lines. Interestingly, the activity of the Rora promoter was enhanced by hypoxia in HepG2 human hepatoma cells, and this effect was dependent on an HRE (hypoxia response element) spanning from -229 to -225. Using electrophoretic-mobility-shift assays, we showed that HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor 1), which plays a key role in the transcriptional response to hypoxia, bound to this HRE. Overexpression of HIF-1alpha increased the activity of the Rora promoter through the HRE. Overexpression of a dominant-negative form of HIF-1alpha producing transcriptionally inactive HIF-1alpha/HIF-1beta dimers abolished hypoxic activation of the Rora promoter. This indicated that HIF-1 is involved in the response of RORalpha to hypoxia. Taken together, our data reveal Rora as a new HIF-1 target gene. This illustrates, at the molecular level, the existence of cross-talk between signalling pathways mediated by HIF-1 and those mediated by nuclear receptors.
Cloud Computing-Based Building Energy Management System with ZigBee Sensor Network (2012)

As the Smart Grid is spreading, the importance of BEMS (Building Information Management System) is also increasing. For providing various and high quality services in the existing BEMS, each entity consisting of BEMS is improved. According to coverage area of a building, the number of the entity can be huge so it causes a burden of users. In this paper, we propose the Cloud computing-based BEMS. This system lessens a burden of each entity such as compute and storage resources, and the burden is taken by a centralized server, called System Manager in this paper. Therefore, every entity's performance is minimized, and quality of services maintains.
Cultivated limbal stem cell transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction. (2008)

Severe damage to cell repair mechanisms of the limbal region can lead to many disorders such as vascularized conjunctivalization, keratinization, corneal scarring, and corneal opacification, collectively described as limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Limbal stem cell deficiency may occur as a result of depletion of stem cells or destruction of their stromal niche. In such cases, apart from conventional corneal transplantation, limbal stem cell transplantation would be needed to restore vision. Limbal stem cells may be replenished by autologous limbal transplants from the healthy fellow eye in unilateral cases, and allografts from living related donors or cadaveric donors in bilateral cases. The induction of iatrogenic LSCD and its sequelae in donor eyes have motivated researchers to cultivate sheets of limbal epithelium ex vivo, from small fragments of donor tissue for the purpose of ocular surface reconstruction.
Insulin Resistance: A Common Feature of Diabetes Mellitus (1986)

In a classic article in 1965, Shipp et al. reviewed the subject of insulin resistance in diabetes (defined as an insulin requirement of more than 200 U per day) and declared it a rare complication that occurred in only about 0.01 percent of all diabetic patients seen over a 20-year period at the Joslin Diabetes Center.1 All the patients were insulin-treated, and in most, antibodies to insulin could be found in the circulation. Three articles in this issue of the Journal,2 3 4 as well as one in last week's issue,5 dramatically illustrate how our definition of insulin resistance has changed. . . .
Viscocanalostomy: A Pilot Study (1998)

In this short-term study, viscocanalostomy proved effective and safe in lowering IOP in glaucomatous eyes.
Deciphering the Liquidity and Credit Crunch 2007-08 (2008)

This paper summarizes and explains the main events of the liquidity and credit crunch in 2007-08. Starting with the trends leading up to the crisis, I explain how these events unfolded and how four different amplification mechanisms magnified losses in the mortgage market into large dislocations and turmoil in financial markets.
Object-oriented languages, systems and applications (1991)

Part 1 Introducing objects: history and origins of objects, Rodger Lea basic concepts 1, John Gallagher basic concepts 2, Gordon Blair. Part 2 Objects in computer systems: programming languages based on objects, Steve Cook object-oriented databases and systems, John Mariani object-oriented specification methods, Elspeth Cusack object-oriented design methods, Andrew Ormsby distributed systems and objects, David Hutchison interface design, Steve Cook et al. Part 3 Case studies: hardware support for object-oriented programming, David Harland distributed systems in process control, John Gallagher database issues, Dan Fishman language design issues, Ole Lehrman. Part 4 Conclusion: future directions, Doug Shepherd.
Central Nervous System Regulation of Intestinal Lipoprotein Metabolism by Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 via a Brain–Gut Axis (2015)

Central GLP-1 is a novel regulator of chylomicron production via melanocortin-4 receptors. Our findings point to the relative importance of central accessibility of GLP-1-based therapies and compel further studies examining the status of this brain-gut axis in the development of diabetic dyslipidemia and chylomicron overproduction.
Dynamic Multilevel Priority Packet Scheduling Scheme for Wireless Sensor Network (2013)

Scheduling different types of packets, such as realtime and non-real-time data packets, at sensor nodes with resource constraints in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is of vital importance to reduce sensors' energy consumptions and end-to-end data transmission delays. Most of the existing packet-scheduling mechanisms of WSN use First Come First Served (FCFS), non-preemptive priority and preemptive priority scheduling algorithms. These algorithms incur a high processing overhead and long end-to-end data transmission delay due to the FCFS concept, starvation of high priority real-time data packets due to the transmission of a large data packet in nonpreemptive priority scheduling, starvation of non-real-time data packets due to the probable continuous arrival of real-time data in preemptive priority scheduling, and improper allocation of data packets to queues in multilevel queue scheduling algorithms. Moreover, these algorithms are not dynamic to the changing requirements of WSN applications since their scheduling policies are predetermined. In this paper, we propose a Dynamic Multilevel Priority (DMP) packet scheduling scheme. In the proposed scheme, each node, except those at the last level of the virtual hierarchy in the zone-based topology of WSN, has three levels of priority queues. Real-time packets are placed into the highest-priority queue and can preempt data packets in other queues. Non-real-time packets are placed into two other queues based on a certain threshold of their estimated processing time. Leaf nodes have two queues for real-time and non-real-time data packets since they do not receive data from other nodes and thus, reduce end-to-end delay. We evaluate the performance of the proposed DMP packet scheduling scheme through simulations for real-time and non-real-time data. Simulation results illustrate that the DMP packet scheduling scheme outperforms conventional schemes in terms of average data waiting time and end-to-end delay.
PEM-2400 - a biopsy-ready PEM scanner with real-time X-ray correlation capability (2004)

A clinical version of a positron emission mammography ("PEM") scanner has been developed, with an eye towards commercialization and which is biopsy-ready. The system utilizes electronic form-factors based on the compact PCI standard ("cPCI"), which provides for compliance with electromagnetic emission regulations and interchangeability with a growing list of cPCI-compatible parts. Biopsy capability is implemented through software and hardware adapters to stereotactic mammography units, with interlocks implemented to safeguard against patient exposure to moving detector parts. The system features detector banks sliding horizontally in order to attain full-breast field of view, with user options included to "cone down" with directed examination Detector banks consist of arrays in which individual 2-mm crystals are easily resolvable. Maximum-likelihood limited-angle reconstruction is implemented, with a three-fold gain in contrast as compared to existing backprojection methods.
Structure of the Mouse Serum Amyloid A 5 (<i>Saa5</i>) Gene: Relationship to Other Members of the Serum Amyloid A Family (1997)

The mouse and human genes which encode the serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins have been extensively characterized. In the present study, the authors report the sequencing of the constitutively expressed mouse Saa5 gene, including approximately 2 kilobases of promoter sequence which extends into the sequence of the adjacent Saa4 pseudogene. The Saa5 gene was thus determined to have a 4 exon/3 intron structure, with a B2 repeat located approximately 450 base pairs upstream, and a microsatellite contained within intron 2. Analyses of Saa5 intronic and promoter sequences, by comparison with representative members of the mouse Saa and human SAA families, provided evidence which strongly suggests that mouse Saa5 and the constitutively expressed human SAA4 gene are evolutionary and functional homologues. Furthermore, putative transcription motifs were identified within the Saa5 and SAA4 promoters which may account, in part, for the constitutive expression and unique induction profiles of these genes.
Predicting Ovulation in the Mare on the Basis of Follicular Growth and Serum Oestrone Sulphate and Progesterone Levels (1989)

Follicular growth and hormone determinations were used to predict ovulation in the mare. Thirty Finnhorse mares were used for the investigation and 38 oestrous cycles were studied. The mares were examined by rectal palpation and ultrasonography every 6 hours during late oestrus. Daily blood samples were obtained for progesterone and oestrone sulphate determination. The preovulatory follicle grew 3 mm a day up to 2 days before ovulation. The size then remained constant, before diminishing by 2-3 mm during the last 12 hours. The maximal diameter of the follicle was 43 +/- 4 mm. In 89% of the follicles the round shape became more irregular before ovulation. During the last 24 hours before ovulation 37 of 38 follicles were regarded as mature on rectal palpation. The oestrone sulphate level was highest 24-48 hours before ovulation, the first decrease being observed most commonly around ovulation (+/- 1 day). The size of the follicle was the most reliable criterion in the prediction of ovulation.
Kinetic Study on Nitroxide-Mediated Free Radical Polymerization of <i>tert</i>-Butyl Acrylate (1999)

The kinetics of nitroxide-mediated free radical polymerization of tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) was studied. It was demonstrated that the polymerization rate can be increased by addition of a proper amount of a radical initiator, dicumyl peroxide (DCP), without causing any appreciable broadening of the polydispersity. The use of di-tert-butyl nitroxide (DBN) allowed the controlled polymerization of tBA to proceed at a lower temperature than the polymerization controlled by a TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy) derivative, which was conducted by Georges et al. [Macromolecules 1996, 29, 8993]. The pseudo-first-order activation rate constant kact of the poly(tBA)−DBN adduct was also determined by the GPC curve-resolution method to be 1.0 × 10-3 s-1 at 120 °C, which indicates that the adduct experiences activation−deactivation cycles frequently enough to afford a low polydispersity. Nevertheless, the polydispersity markedly increased and the rate of polymerization decreased at later stages of polymerization due to the decomposition of the alkoxyamine and the subsequent hydrogen transfer.