gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defects and transport in complex oxide thin films (2008)

Epitaxial oxide thin films are at the heart of new “oxide electronic” applications, such as excitonic ultraviolet light-emitting diodes and resistive switching memories. Complex oxide films are often grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) because the technique is believed to be material agnostic. Here, we show that one of the fundamental premises used to justify the use of PLD, that material is transferred from an ablation target to the film without stoichiometry deviations, is incorrect even when no volatile elements are involved. Even more importantly, the commonly used solution of increasing the laser energy density above a material-specific threshold value to obtain stoichiometric films cannot be used in the case of low carrier density systems such as SrTiO3, where even minute 1018 cm−3 order cation nonstoichiometry can have a dramatic effect on transport. Lattice parameter deviations in oxide films, which are often incorrectly ascribed to oxygen loss, correlate very well with cation nonstoichiometry. We show that proper simultaneous choice of ablation laser fluence and ablation area is essential and often more important than the growth temperature and oxygen pressure for obtaining bulklike properties in oxide heterostructures.
Mobile Sensing Systems (2013)

Rich-sensor smart phones have made possible the recent birth of the mobile sensing research area as part of ubiquitous sensing which integrates other areas such as wireless sensor networks and web sensing. There are several types of mobile sensing: individual, participatory, opportunistic, crowd, social, etc. The object of sensing can be people-centered or environment-centered. The sensing domain can be home, urban, vehicular… Currently there are barriers that limit the social acceptance of mobile sensing systems. Examples of social barriers are privacy concerns, restrictive laws in some countries and the absence of economic incentives that might encourage people to participate in a sensing campaign. Several technical barriers are phone energy savings and the variety of sensors and software for their management. Some existing surveys partially tackle the topic of mobile sensing systems. Published papers theoretically or partially solve the above barriers. We complete the above surveys with new works, review the barriers of mobile sensing systems and propose some ideas for efficiently implementing sensing, fusion, learning, security, privacy and energy saving for any type of mobile sensing system, and propose several realistic research challenges. The main objective is to reduce the learning curve in mobile sensing systems where the complexity is very high.
Advances in Aircraft Component Superplastic Forming/Diffusion Bonding Technology (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A wide variety of manufacturing operations are utilized to fabricate the complete spectrum of components necessary for contemporary aircraft. Compounding the challenges inherent in utilizing these diverse manufacturing operations are the stringent quality, weight, and cost requirements for flight critical hardware. The industry maintains continuing efforts to meet these challenges with innovations in both component design as well as manufacturing technologies.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The Jet Die Division of Barnes Aerospace Group, as a supplier of fabricated components to the aerospace industry, has participated in continued development of related manufacturing technologies. This paper addresses a specific advance in fabrication technology that will have wide applications for both airframe and engine requirements. Inherent with any advances in manufacturing technology are the emergence of new challenges to maximum utilization of that technology. Some of the key issues to be considered for present and future applications are also outlined relative to this manufacturing technology development, the Sutton Core Process.</div>
Load-bearing characteristics of polyethylene foam: An examination of structural and compression properties (1990)

Cellular foams used in shoe insoles come in a variety of structural configurations differing with respect to cell geometry. The compression of a cellular foam depends on cell reticulation and size. Examination of the compression behavior of closed cell polyethylene foams revealed distinct time-and nontime-related properties that occur during static and cyclic loading. Physical parameters were developed and determined to exactly specify pressure profiles that occur at the plantar interface. Evaluation of an interface material can be made based on peak pressures which are dependent on depth of compression, foam thickness, and physical properties of the foam. Sustained loading damages the mechanical integrity of the cellular structure such that thickness does not completely recover. Therefore, issuing several pairs of thick insoles for daily rotation is recommended for a particular foam.
Effect of Buspirone on Sexual Dysfunction in Depressed Patients Treated With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (1999)

To evaluate the possible influence of buspirone on sexual dysfunction in depressed patients treated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), we analyzed data from a placebo-controlled trial designed to explore the efficacy of buspirone as add-on treatment for patients not responding to an SSRI alone. At baseline, all patients met the criteria for a major depressive episode according to DSM-IV and had received citalopram or paroxetine during a minimum of 4 weeks without responding to the treatment. Buspirone (flexible dosage, 20-60 mg/day) or placebo was added to the SSRI for 4 weeks; the mean daily dose of buspirone at endpoint was 48.5 mg (SD = 1.0). Sexual dysfunction was evaluated using a structured interview. Before starting medication with buspirone or placebo, 40% (47 of 117) reported at least one kind of sexual dysfunction (decreased libido, ejaculatory dysfunction, orgasmic dysfunction). During the 4 weeks of treatment, approximately 58% of subjects treated with buspirone reported an improvement with respect to sexual function; in the placebo group, the response rate was 30%. The difference between placebo and active drug treatment was more pronounced in women than in men. The response was obvious during the first week, with no further improvement during the course of the study. It is suggested that the effect of buspirone on sexual dysfunction is a result of a reversal of SSRI-induced sexual side effects rather than of an antidepressant effect of the drug.
Design and fabrication technology of thinned backside-excited CCD imagers and the family of the intensified electron-bombarded CCD image tubes (1995)

This paper sums up the results of more than 10 years of experience in design and manufacturing of thinned back-side illuminated CCDs of different types. Based upon the EB- CCDs created, the family of intensified electron-bombardment CCD image tubes has been designed, fabricated, and tested. This family includes: the single-stage Gen I EB-CCD devices with the 532<SUP>*</SUP>580 and 780<SUP>*</SUP>580 pixels CCDs; the 'hybrid' (the EB-CCD tube plus Gen I image intensifier) devices; and the EB-CCD tubes with the 40 mm photocathode and image demagnification factor 3 to 1. The results of the tests of these devices are presented and discussed. Besides this, the near future projects concerning EB-CCD tubes with the 80 mm photocathode and with image demagnification factor 5 to 1, and EB-CCD tubes with solar blind photocathods for the UV and EUV applications are briefly described.
Enhancement of the adrenocortical response to metyrapone by L‐dopa in the chicken (<i>Gallus domesticus</i>) (1988)

1. Eight-week-old chickens were treated with a single intravenous injection of saline, L-dopa (20 mg/kg body weight), metyrapone (60 mg/kg) or a combined dose of L-dopa and metyrapone. Serum corticosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay at 30, 60 and 90 min after the treatment. 2. L-dopa did not alter the corticosterone concentration during the experiment, whereas metyrapone increased it at 60 and 90 min. 3. When L-dopa and metyrapone were given together there was a gradual increase in corticosterone and the hormone concentrations were significantly greater than control values at all times. 4. It was concluded that L-dopa is not a potent stimulator of adrenocortical cells in chickens, but it enhances the response to metyrapone. This may be achieved through the release of endogenous ACTH by stimulating central dopamine receptors.
Coordination of Multiagent Systems with Fuzzy Clocks (1996)

An Object Petri Net (OPN) model for coordination of multiagent systems based on fuzzy clocks is introduced The OPN model takes a refined design-to-time approach in real-time scheduling of Concurrent Engineering (CE) projects Agent tasks are subdivided into required and optional subtasks to take advantage of the imprecise nature of the computation performed by an agent Concurrent with each agent is a fuzzy clock which measures the timeliness of an agent-task relative to temporal intervals and prescribed deadlines In the context of a CE project, agents cooperate with a coordinator in managing their time, and in periodically supplying tasking status reports for a blackboard The blackboard is handled by a subagent of the coordinator Performance is measured in terms of elapsed times, deadlines, Quality-of-Product statistics, capabil ity, consumption of resources, amount of work done, and difficulty of a task The coordinator also maintains a collection of concurrent, hybrid Fuzzy Watchdog Clocks (hFWC) which provide useful statistics (current fuzzy time, elapsed time, and percent of allowed time for each agent) posted on the blackboard The contribution of this article is the introduction of fuzzy clocks in constructing timetables for project tasks and in mak ing appropriate adjustments in the overall schedule whenever agents fail, disappear, or are in conflict
Bildung von Interleukin‐2 und Interferon<sub>α</sub> durch mononukleäre Leukozyten des Schweines nach <i>in vitro</i>‐Stimulation mit verschiedenen Viruspräparaten (1990)

A new model was established to investigate the release of cytokines by porcine peripheral mononuclear leukocytes (MNL). Thereafter, this model is suitable to test paramunity inducers (biological response modifiers) and might replace animal models. The paramunity inducers Pind AVI and Pind ORF as well as other preparations of pox- and paramyxoviruses were employed. Production of both Interleukin 2 (IL2) and Interferon alpha (IFN alpha) was evaluated. Virus containing fluids induced an increase in IL2 activity (CTLL-2 proliferation assay) and IFN alpha (MDBK-cell line, VSV-virus) was noted. The release of IFN alpha and IL2 is caused by viral components. Pind AVI and Pind ORF induce production of IFN alpha in porcine MNL to a similar amount as ND-virus does. All virus preparations caused an increase in IL2 activity in supernatants of resting as well as mitogen-activated MNL without prior sensitization of the cells. The highest IL2-activity was measured after co-stimulation of the MNL with Concanavalin A and ND-virus.
Modulation of the immune response to DNA vaccine by co‐delivery ofcostimulatory molecules (2000)

We have investigated methods for modulating immune responses, against herpes simplex virus (HSV), generated from DNA vaccination by co-delivery of genes encoding costimulatory molecules. A strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was induced in mice co-injected via the intradermal (i.d.) route with a eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding the CD80 molecule (pCD80) and a plasmid encoding the glycoprotein D of the HSV-2 (pgD). Furthermore, when spleen cells from these mice were cultured in the presence of inactivated HSV, a significant increase in the expression of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) was observed in the CD4 subset compared with mice immunized only with pgD. Analysis of cytokine synthesis at the single-cell level indicated that CD80 genes induce a significant increase in the number of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-, IL-2- and IL-4-secreting cells in the spleen. On the other hand, co-administration of the CD80 gene via the intramuscular (i.m.) route did not induce an increase in the cell-mediated immune response. When a plasmid carrying the CD86 gene (pCD86) was co-injected via the i.m. route with the pgD plasmid, a small decrease in the number of IFN-gamma-secreting cells was observed. This down-regulation of the immune response was also observed when eukaryotic expression cassettes for CD80 and for CD86 were co-administered with the pgD plasmid via the i.d. route. However, co-injection of pCD86 via the i.m. route produced a small increase in the number of IL-4-secreting cells. When immunized mice were challenged intravaginally with 100 plaque-forming units of virus, only co-injection of the CD80 gene by the i.d. route provoked an adjuvant effect compared with mice immunized with pgD alone. A reduction in the titres of HSV in vaginal washings was observed together with a decrease in the lesion score.
Stereo vision with arbitrary camera arrangement and with camera calibration (1998)

Essential problems in stereo vision include the search for corresponding points in stereo pairs and the calibration of stereo cameras. The search for corresponding points can be performed by means of so-called epipolar lines, but geometric conditions become complicated in case of arbitrary arrangement of camera viewpoints and orientations. This study shows that extraction of candidates for corresponding points can be easily described by means of a projective transformation from the base camera image to inspection camera image, using several virtual planes in three-dimensional space. Based on this approach, a method of calibration for stereo cameras is proposed that involves interpolation/extrapolation of a series of projective transformation matrices when observing two planes in a scene. The proposed calibration method is extremely simple because no special calibration pattern is required and the camera parameters need not be determined explicitly. Furthermore, better accuracy is achieved in comparison with previous calibration methods using the pinhole camera model. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Syst Comp Jpn, 29(2): 47–56, 1998
Oximetry based on diffuse photon density wave differentials (2000)

The quantification of tissue optical properties for calculating blood saturation and hemoglobin concentration using measurements of diffuse photon density waves at some distance away from an intensity-modulated light source, generally requires the determination of the amplitude and phase of this light source. This determination may become a severe impediment for measurements performed in the clinical environment. In this work we extend a self-calibrating methodology developed for constant wave and modulation depth-phase measurements, to include amplitude and phase measurements of diffuse photon density waves. The method uses amplitude and phase changes of intensity modulated light, under the assumption of known index of refraction and invariant reduced scattering coefficient mu's, to quantify the absorption coefficient mu(a) without requiring initial amplitude and phase knowledge. Quantification of the mu(a) at selected time points during a measurement can then be employed to calibrate numerical solutions of the diffusion equation and compute the mu(a) for the remaining time points of the experiment. It is shown that the method is quite insensitive to the knowledge of the exact mu's value so that an assumption on the average mu's value for the tissue measured may be employed. The sensitivity of calculating blood saturation and hemoglobin concentration, as a function of the deviation of the mu's used in the calculation versus the real mu's value is investigated using simulated data. It is also demonstrated that the saturation calculation is especially insensitive to the mu's guess. The performance of the method to quantify blood oxygen saturation and the concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin is examined with experimental measurements at two wavelengths on specially constructed blood model phantoms. To validate the method the measurements are monitored by a time-resolved spectrometer. The method is shown to be accurate to within +/-5% in calculating blood saturation and to within +/-10% in calculating hemoglobin concentration compared to the results obtained with the time-resolved spectrometer and the expected theoretical values.
The role of salicylic acid, l-ascorbic acid and oxalic acid in promoting the oxidation of alkenes with H2O2 catalysed by [MnIV2(O)3(tmtacn)2]2+ (2008)

The role played by the additives salicylic acid, L-ascorbic acid and oxalic acid in promoting the catalytic activity of [MnIV2(O)3(tmtacn)2](PF6)2 (1(PF6)2, where tmtacn = N,N',N''-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) in the epoxidation and cis-dihydroxylation of alkenes with H2O2 and in suppressing the catalysed decomposition of H2O2 is examined. Whereas aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids effect enhancement of the catalytic activity of 1 through the in situ formation dinuclear carboxylato bridged complexes of the type [MnIII2(mu-O)(mu-RCO2)2(tmtacn)2]2+, for L-ascorbic acid and oxalic acid notable differences in reactivity are observed. Although for L-ascorbic acid key differences in the spectroscopic properties of the reaction mixtures are observed compared with carboxylic acids, the involvement of carboxylic acids formed in situ is apparent. For oxalic acid the situation is more complex with two distinct catalyst systems in operation; the first, which engages in epoxidation only, is dominant until the oxalic acid additive is consumed completely at which point carboxylic acids formed in situ take on the role of additives to form a second distinct catalyst system, i.e. that which was observed for alkyl and aromatic carboxylic acids, which yield both cis-diol and epoxide products.
PCR based detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: effect of sample preparation. (1994)

Tests based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical samples have a lower sensitivity when compared to culture. This has been attributed to the presence of inhibitors to Taq polymerase and/or suboptimal DNA extraction procedures. We tested different methods of processing smear negative culture positive sputum (n = 52) using different detergents, including nonidet P-40 (NP-40), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), tween 20, triton X 100 and N-lauryl sarcosine. The detergents were used in combination with lysozyme and proteinase K enzymes. NP-40 was significantly better than SDS, tween 20 and N lauryl sarcosine (p < 0.05). When NP-40 was used as the detergent, 42 out of 52 specimens gave positive results with the standard amplification protocol which amplifies a 245 bp sequence of the insertion element IS 986. The 10 specimens that were negative were further diluted ten fold and/or eluted in sephadex G-50 columns before standard DNA amplification. A further 8 specimens then became positive. Elution in sephadex G-50 was better than ten fold dilution in processing of samples. The two negative samples had very low colony counts (n < 5). The study demonstrates that the sensitivity of the PCR is dependent on the sample preparation technique and the amount of target sequence available for amplification.
The effect of hypoxia on free and encapsulated adult porcine islets—an in vitro study (2016)

Hypoxia (2%-5% oxygen or pO<sub>2</sub> : 15.2-38.0 mm Hg) affects the viability, metabolic activity, and insulin secretion of both free and encapsulated APIs over a six-day culture period. Encapsulation augments islet integrity under hypoxia, but it does not prevent loss of viability, metabolic activity, or insulin secretion.
Smart sensing and smart material for smart automotive damping (2013)

Vehicle suspensions represent one of the most interesting applications of dampening, where the introduction of smart damping technologies and control policies lead hardware and software designers to overcome new measurement challenges. Advanced sensing techniques have been proposed and tested for real-time execution by an automotive ECU based on a DSP-microcontroller. Smart sensing is able both to improve noise filtering of the signals provided by low-cost sensors and detect specific motorcycle dynamics which most influence the road holding and comfort. Finally, an ANN has been modeled, which can be effectively adopted as a benchmark (in terms of false alarms and correctly detected faults) in the development of fault detection strategies (i.e., threshold identification) directed to the sensor validation of the rear suspension stroke.
Characterization of Tobacco Expressing Functional Oat Phytochrome (1991)

Constitutive expression of a chimeric oat phytochrome gene in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) results in the accumulation of a functional 124-kilodalton photoreceptor that markedly alters the phenotype of light-grown tobacco (Keller et al. [1989] EMBO J 8: 1005-1012). Here, we provide a detailed phenotypic and biochemical characterization of homozygous tobacco expressing high levels of oat phytochrome. Phenotypic changes include a substantial inhibition of stem elongation, decreased apical dominance, increased leaf chlorophyll content, and delayed leaf senescence. Oat phytochrome synthesized in tobacco is indistinguishable from that present in etiolated oats, having photoreversible difference spectrum maxima at 665 and 730 nanometers, exhibiting negligible dark reversion of phytochrome-far red-absorbing form (Pfr) to phytochrome-red-absorbing form (Pr), and existing as a dimer with an apparent size of approximately 300 kilodaltons. Heterodimers between the oat and tobacco chromoproteins were detected. Endogenous tobacco phytochrome and transgenically expressed oat phytochrome are rapidly degraded in vivo upon photoconversion of Pr to Pfr. Breakdown of both oat and tobacco Pfr is associated with the accumulation of ubiquitin-phytochrome conjugates, suggesting that degradation occurs via the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. This result indicates that the factors responsible for selective recognition of Pfr by the ubiquitin pathway are conserved between monocot and dicot phytochromes. More broadly, it demonstrates that the domain(s) within a plant protein responsible for its selective breakdown can be recognized by the degradation machinery of heterologous species.
Bit geometrically uniform encoders: a systematic approach to the design of serially concatenated TCM (2002)

We introduce a class of encoders, called bit geometrically uniform (BGU) encoders, for which the bit error probability does not depend on the transmitted sequence. Strong connections between the symmetry groups of geometrically uniform signal constellations and those of the binary Hamming spaces are involved. Both uncoded modulation and infinitely long trellis codes are considered, and connections with the code linearity discussed. The theory of BGU encoders proves very useful for the analysis and design of codes aimed at minimizing the bit, rather than symbol, or sequence error probability. We apply the theory to the design of good serially concatenated trellis-coded modulation schemes.