gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroimmunophilin ligands: evaluation of their therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurological disorders (2000)

Neuroimmunophilin ligands are a class of compounds that hold great promise for the treatment of nerve injuries and neurological disease. In contrast to neurotrophins (e.g., nerve growth factor), these compounds readily cross the blood-brain barrier, being orally effective in a variety of animal models of ischaemia, traumatic nerve injury and human neurodegenerative disorders. A further distinction is that neuroimmunophilin ligands act via unique receptors that are unrelated to the classical neurotrophic receptors (e.g., trk), making it unlikely that clinical trials will encounter the same difficulties found with the neurotrophins. Another advantage is that two neuroimmunophilin ligands (cyclosporin A and FK-506) have already been used in humans (as immunosuppressant drugs). Whereas both cyclosporin A and FK-506 demonstrate neuroprotective actions, only FK-506 and its derivatives have been clearly shown to exhibit significant neuroregenerative activity. Accordingly, the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties seem to arise via different mechanisms. Furthermore, the neuroregenerative property does not involve calcineurin inhibition (essential for immunosuppression). This is important since most of the limiting side effects produced by these drugs arise via calcineurin inhibition. A major breakthrough for the development of this class of compounds for the treatment of human neurological disorders was the ability to separate the neuroregenerative property of FK-506 from its immunosuppressant action via the development of non-immunosuppressant (non-calcineurin inhibiting) derivatives. Further studies revealed that different receptor subtypes, or FK-506-binding proteins (FKBPs), mediate immunosuppression and nerve regeneration (FKBP-12 and FKBP-52, respectively, the latter being a component of steroid receptor complexes). Thus, steroid receptor chaperone proteins represent novel targets for future drug development of novel classes of compounds for the treatment of a variety of human neurological disorders, including traumatic injury (e.g., peripheral nerve and spinal cord), chemical exposure (e.g., vinca alkaloids, Taxol) and neurodegenerative disease (e.g. , diabetic neuropathy and Parkinson's disease).
NMR IMAGING OF BLOOD FLOW (1984)

Journal Article NMR IMAGING OF BLOOD FLOW Get access LAWRENCE E CROOKS, PhD, LAWRENCE E CROOKS, PhD University of California, Radiologic Imaging LaboratorySouth San Francisco Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LEON KAUFMAN, PhD LEON KAUFMAN, PhD University of California, Radiologic Imaging LaboratorySouth San Francisco Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 40, Issue 2, 1984, Pages 167–169, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071965 Published: 01 June 1984
The Efficacy and Safety of Topically Applied Indigo Naturalis Ointment in Patients with Plaque-Type Psoriasis (2007)

The results suggest that topical application of indigo naturalis ointment may be a novel, safe and effective therapy for psoriasis that is mediated, at least in part, by modulating the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes in epidermis, as well as by inhibiting the infiltration of T lymphocytes and therefore the subsequent inflammatory reactions in psoriatic lesions.
Modeling channel popularity dynamics in a large IPTV system (2009)

Understanding the channel popularity or content popularity is an important step in the workload characterization for modern information distribution systems (e.g., World Wide Web, peer-to-peer file-sharing systems, video-on-demand systems).
Kinetic and Clinical Studies of  2Microglobulin in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: Influence of Renal and Enhanced Peritoneal Clearances Using Glucose Polymer (1990)

A risk of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-M)-associated amyloidosis in long-term CAPD patients has been recognised. We examined the kinetics of beta 2-M and potential clinical manifestations of amyloidosis in patients well-established on CAPD for 1-76 months (mean +/- SEM; 16.4 +/- 14 months). In 57 patients, serum beta 2-M concentration was elevated to 30 +/- 1.8 (mean +/- SEM, mg/l) and correlated positively with the duration on CAPD. In 18 patients studied with variable degrees of residual renal function, serum beta 2-M concentration increased with declining renal function; this was most marked when the creatinine clearance was less than 1 ml/min. Using an isosmolar solution (302 +/- 1.3 mOsm/kg) containing 5% glucose polymer (9.4 mmol/l; MW 16,800), the transperitoneal elimination of beta 2-M was significantly enhanced (1.6 times) compared to conventional 1.36% glucose solution, but without a detectable change in serum concentrations during a 6-h study. No significant difference was found between the estimated minimum volume of distribution of beta 2-M in CAPD and haemodialysis patients. Symptomatic amyloid-associated disease was absent in patients in this study, and may be attributed to the short duration of dialysis.
Selective Increase in Cholesterol at Atherosclerosis-Susceptible Aortic Sites After Short-term Cholesterol Feeding (1995)

In rabbits, the aortic arch and branch sites of the descending thoracic and abdominal aortas are susceptible to atherosclerosis. This study investigated the hypothesis that the reported focal increase in LDL concentration and mean residence time at susceptible aortic sites after feeding cholesterol for 4 to 8 days precede atherosclerotic change as indicated by increased aortic cholesterol concentration. Cholesterol concentrations for all aortic sites of normal rabbits were similar (approximately equal to 2.8 mumol/g). No change in aortic cholesterol concentration could be detected after feeding cholesterol for 8 days. However, after feeding cholesterol for 12 and 16 days, cholesterol concentrations for abdominal branch sites were increased compared with abdominal branch sites of normal rabbits (4.47 +/- 0.50, n = 8, and 4.85 +/- 0.33, n = 11, mumol/g, respectively, versus 2.87 +/- 0.27, n = 12, mumol/g; P < .025 and P < .005, respectively). In contrast, the cholesterol concentration of atherosclerosis-resistant nonbranch abdominal aorta was unchanged after feeding cholesterol for 16 days and was much less than that of the branch sites (2.72 +/- 0.12 versus 4.85 +/- 0.33, mumol/g, n = 11; P < .001). Cholesterol concentrations for other susceptible sites were also increased after feeding cholesterol for 12 and 16 days. Cholesterol concentrations for susceptible sites were linearly related to a combined measure of duration and extent of hypercholesterolemia (P < .001 to P < .0001), whereas no such relationship could be detected for resistant sites. Most (59% to 93%) of the cholesterol accumulating in susceptible aortic sites after feeding cholesterol for 12 and 16 days was nonesterified, suggesting that the increased cholesterol concentration did not reflect development of foam cells or the insudation of plasma lipoproteins. This study suggests that the reported focal increases in LDL concentration and mean residence time at susceptible aortic sites during cholesterol feeding precede atherosclerosis.
Classical theory of giant magnetoresistance in spin-valve multilayers: influence of thicknesses, number of periods, bulk and interfacial spin-dependent scattering (1992)

Using the same approach as Camley and Barnas, the author studies theoretically the magnetotransport properties of spin-valve multilayers. He emphasizes that the absolute change in sheet conductance ( Delta G) between parallel and antiparallel alignment of the magnetizations of successive ferromagnetic layers is the most relevant macroscopic quantity to represent and compare the magnetoresistance in these structures. He presents results on the influence of the thicknesses of the ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic layers on the magnetoresistance for the two cases most studied experimentally: sandwiches and multilayers with a large number of periods. He also investigates the influence of the number of periods on the magnetoresistance and discusses the similarities and differences obtained in the respective cases of bulk or interfacial spin-dependent scattering.
Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis sp. nov., a New Species of Nocardia Which Groups Bacterial Strains Previously Identified as Nocardia brasiliensis and Associated with Invasive Diseases (1996)

We studied five strains of a new Nocardia taxon recently identified among Nocardia brasiliensis strains associated with invasive diseases (R. J. Wallace, Jr., B. A. Brown, Z. Blacklock, R. Ulrich, K. Jost, J. M. Brown, M. M. McNeil, G. Onyi, V. A. Steingrube, and J. Gibson, J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:1528-1533, 1995) to determine their taxonomic status. Several characteristics of these organisms, including the presence of chemotype IV cell walls, nocardomycolic acids, a predominant menaquinone similar to that of Nocardia asteroides ATCC 19247T (T = type strain), and G+C contents ranging from 67 to 68 mol%, are characteristics of the genus Nocardia. Phylogenies based on small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences clearly confirmed that all five strains belong to the genus Nocardia and occur on a single branch that is clearly distinct from N. brasiliensis. This branch forms a clade with Nocardia vaccinii, Nocardia nova, Nocardia otitidiscaviarum, and Nocardia seriolae. The five new strains exhibited high levels of DNA relatedness with each other, as determined by DNA-DNA hybridization experiments (S1 nuclease procedure), but not with N. brasiliensis strains or with strains of the four phylogenetically related Nocardia species mentioned above. The five new strains differ from N. brasiliensis in the following characteristics: mycolic acid pattern, decomposition of adenine, nitrate reduction, and antimicrobial agent susceptibilities. Therefore, we propose that these strains belong to a new species, Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis. The type strain is strain ATCC 51512, which was isolated from a leg abscess on a patient suffering from ulcerative colitis.
Unique monoclonal antibodies specifically bind surface structures on human fetal erythroid blood cells (2013)

The new mAbs specifically bind the same or highly overlapping epitopes of a surface antigen that is almost exclusively expressed on fetal erythroid cells. The high specificity of the mAbs should facilitate development of simple methods for reliable isolation of fetal NRBCs and their use in non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal genetic status.
Forming positive-negative images using conditioned partial measurements from reference arm in ghost imaging (2012)

A recent thermal ghost imaging experiment implemented in Wu's group [Chin. Phys. Lett. 279, 074216 (2012)] showed that both positive and negative images can be constructed by applying a novel algorithm. This algorithm allows us to form the images with the use of partial measurements from the reference arm (even which never passes through the object), conditioned on the object arm. In this paper, we present a simple theory that explains the experimental observation and provides an in-depth understanding of conventional ghost imaging. In particular, we theoretically show that the visibility of formed images through such an algorithm is not bounded by the standard value 1/3. In fact, it can ideally grow up to unity (with reduced imaging quality). Thus, the algorithm described here not only offers an alternative way to decode spatial correlation of thermal light, but also mimics a "bandpass filter" to remove the constant background such that the visibility or imaging contrast is improved. We further show that conditioned on one still object present in the test arm, it is possible to construct the object's image by sampling the available reference data.
Long Term Evolution-Wireless Local Area Network Aggregation Flow Control (2016)

Long term evolution-wireless local area network (LTE-WLAN) aggregation (LWA) has recently emerged as a promising third generation partnership project (3GPP) Release 13 technology to efficiently aggregate LTE and WLAN at the packet data convergence protocol layer, allowing uplink traffic to be carried on LTE and downlink on both LTE and WLAN. This removes all the contention asymmetry problems of WLAN and allows an optimum usage of both licensed and unlicensed band for downlink. In this paper, we present a new feature of LWA, its flow control scheme, which controls how to aggregate downlink traffic in licensed and unlicensed bands. This aggregation technique exploits user equipment-based flow control feedback in the form of LWA status reports, and can be expanded to work with any number of frequency bands and radio technologies. The same concepts apply to 5G networks, although the performance evaluation provided here is in the context of LTE-Advanced Pro. Simulation results in a typical enterprise scenario show that LWA can enhance user performance up to 8 times over LTE-only, and 3.7 times over WLAN only networks, respectively. The impact of the file size and LWA status report frequency on network performance is also investigated.
Absorption of iron from the peritoneal cavity of rats. (1994)

The purpose of this study was to determine absorption rate and toxicity of intraperitoneal iron in rats. Twelve (12) male S-D rats were divided into two groups. Group 1 was given 1.5% Dianeal containing 4 mg/L of iron as ferric chloride and group 2 was given standard 1.5% Dianeal. Preblood samples were obtained at the start of the experiment, and 25 mL of the designated dialysis solution was injected into the peritoneal cavity. Six hours after injecting the solution, the dialysate was drained and post-blood samples were obtained. A specimen for histological examination was taken from each rat at the end of the experiment. The iron concentrations of preserum, postserum, dialysis solution with and without added iron, and drained dialysate, were determined. No remarkable changes of serum iron concentration were observed with the six-hour cycle time. Sixty percent of the injected iron was absorbed. No acute toxicity to the peritoneum was observed.
<title>Fast skeletonization algorithm for 3D elongated objects</title> (2001)

A novel one-pass 3D thinning algorithm is proposed in this paper. 3D thinning can be regarded as an essential step in many image-processing tasks such as image quantification, image compression, motion tracking, path generation, and object navigation. The proposed algorithm generates both connected and non-connected skeletons. It is faster and more accurate than currently available techniques in the literature. In addition, it adaptively removes spurious branches of the skeleton, and hence, generates a smooth and refined skeleton, representing the essential structure of 3D elongated objects such as vessels, airways, and other similar organic shapes.
SUGAR PRODUCTION BY WHITE AND YELLOW BIRCHES (1944)

White and yellow birch trees produced an abundance of sap, but the yield of sugar was on the average only about one-third that of the sugar maple. Results indicate that yellow birch sap contains invert sugar with small amounts of sucrose, and that white birch sap contains a mixture of fructose and invert sugar. Syrups prepared from white and yellow birch saps by concentrating 100 times were similar in taste and appearance to commercial corn syrup.
A Closer Look at Memorization in Deep Networks (2017)

We examine the role of memorization in deep learning, drawing connections to capacity, generalization, and adversarial robustness. While deep networks are capable of memorizing noise data, our results suggest that they tend to prioritize learning simple patterns first. In our experiments, we expose qualitative differences in gradient-based optimization of deep neural networks (DNNs) on noise vs. real data. We also demonstrate that for appropriately tuned explicit regularization (e.g., dropout) we can degrade DNN training performance on noise datasets without compromising generalization on real data. Our analysis suggests that the notions of effective capacity which are dataset independent are unlikely to explain the generalization performance of deep networks when trained with gradient based methods because training data itself plays an important role in determining the degree of memorization.
Increased Ed-B fibronectin plasma levels in spondyloarthropathies: comparison with rheumatoid arthritis patients and a healthy population (1999)

This study showed an increase in plasma levels of Fn and Ed-B Fn in SpA patients compared with RA patients and HV, which could not be attributed solely to systemic inflammation. It may be hypothesized that Ed-A and Ed-B Fn might reflect local turnover in inflamed tissues, and that Ed-B Fn might be particularly involved in the musculoskeletal inflammatory process of SpA.
Personalizing Tourniquet Pressures – SBP-Based Estimation Methods are Unsafe, Unreliable, and Inconsistent (2019)

It is well established that unnecessarily high tourniquet pressures are associated with higher probability of patient injuries, and insufficient tourniquet pressures can lead to break-through bleeding and other complications. Measurement of a patient’s limb occlusion pressure (LOP) through the use of an automatic personalized tourniquet system enables the simple and safe application of personalized tourniquet pressures, reducing the risk of tourniquet-related injuries. Doppler ultrasound may be used to measure LOP, however manual measurement of LOP by Doppler is time-consuming and error-prone if attempted by inadequately trained staff. Other methods based on systolic blood pressure (SBP) have been proposed in an attempt to indirectly estimate personalized tourniquet pressures. Such methods include: (1) setting tourniquet pressure as a function of the patient’s SBP, (2) indirectly estimating LOP by using a formula based on SBP and a ‘tissue padding coefficient’. Alternatively, non-personalized fixed tourniquet pressures are used, resulting in pressures that may be hazardously high or low. Data from a previous clinical study involving 143 patients was retrospectively analysed to compare the differences between measured LOP to the recommended pressures of the two SBP-based estimation methods. Results from method (1) using only SBP indicate a predicted bleed-through for 41% of patients, and results from method (2) using SBP and a coefficient indicate an estimated bleed-through rate for 62% of patients. Alternatively, using a non-personalized fixed pressure predicted no bleed-throughs, but resulted in unnecessarily high pressures that were on average 121 mmHg above LOP. This study demonstrates that indirect SBP-based estimation methods recommend unsafe, unreliable, and inconsistent tourniquet pressure settings when compared to the measurement and setting of tourniquet pressures by LOP. The next advances in tourniquet safety will come from widespread adoption of using personalized tourniquet systems to automatically measure LOP, and by personalizing safety margins to further reduce applied tourniquet pressure levels.
Stable secondary electron emission observations from chemical vapor deposited diamond (1994)

High secondary electron emission (SEE) from chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond films (σ=14–48) has been reported previously. Effective negative electron affinity of the diamond surface due to hydrogen termination is believed to be responsible for these high yields. Typically the total secondary yield is unstable under continuous electron beam exposure due to desorption of the surface hydrogen but stable when exposed to electrons in a hydrogen environment. Recent observations of SEE from a CVD diamond film on Mo suggest that impurities on the diamond surface may lead to stable high secondary yields under continuous electron beam exposure without the use of hydrogen. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the diamond surface as well as the bulk.
The theory of information and coding : a mathematical framework for communication (1977)

This is a self-contained introduction to the theory of information and coding. It can be used either for self-study or as the basis for a course at either the graduate or ,undergraduate level. The text includes dozens of worked examples and several hundred problems for solution.
Double-blind parallel comparison of multiple doses of ketorolac, ketoprofen and placebo administered orally to patients with postoperative dental pain (2001)

Ketorolac 10 and 20 mg, ketoprofen 50 mg and placebo were compared in a multiple-dose, double-blind, randomized analgesic study that included 150 patients with pain after impacted third molar removal. Patients evaluated their study medication over a 48 h period. Bivariate and multivariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the different medications studied, evaluated by the consumption of rescue medication (50.4-80.4% of the placebo group required rescue versus 17.0-47.6% of the ketoprofen, 5.7-31.9% of the ketorolac 10 mg and 1.8-22.5% of the ketorolac 20 mg groups), the pain relief experienced by the patient (P<0.05), and the overall efficacy of the medication (P<0.05). The efficacy of ketorolac 10 mg did not differ from that of ketorolac 20 mg, and both were more efficacious than ketoprofen 50 mg, which in turn was more efficacious than the placebo. One-third of the placebo group did not require rescue medication. The factors with the greatest influence on the use of rescue medication were the analgesic taken by the patient and the presence or not of postoperative inflammation.
Passive 3D EBG for low profile steerable applications (2015)

In this paper, an approach for passive steerable antenna design is presented. The co-axial feed square shape slotted patch antenna arrays mounted above a 3D EBG. Operating within the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) region. A 3D EBG (3D-electromagnetic band gap structure) is exhibiting the property of AMC over a band of 50MHz (from 3.92GHz to 3.97GHz) with a center frequency of 3.95GHz. Beam steering is achievable by tuning the lumped capacitance in the structure of 3DEBG. A two dimensional beam steering of complete 46 degree (from -22 degree to +24 degree) is achieved. The results obtained in HFSS simulations software are presented.
Addressing Toxicity of Lead: Progress and Applications of Low‐Toxic Metal Halide Perovskites and Their Derivatives (2017)

Metal halide perovskites have been brought to the forefront of research focus in solution‐processable photovoltaics, with the device efficiency swiftly surging to over 22% over the past few years. The state‐of‐the‐art metal halide perovskites that have been intensively investigated include toxic lead, which potentially hampers their commercialization process. To address this toxicity issue, intensive recent research effort has been devoted to developing low‐toxic metal halide perovskites and their derivatives for photovoltaic applications. Herein, the recent research progress achieved so far in addressing the toxicity issue of lead halide perovskites in photovoltaics is summarized. By comparing the merits and drawbacks of different low‐toxic metal halide systems, the current challenges and opportunities in the photovoltaic field are highlighted. Potential low‐toxic metal halide perovskites and their derivatives are also discussed from the perspective of theoretical calculations. Furthermore, promising applications of low‐toxic metal halide perovskites beyond the photovoltaic sector are briefly discussed.