gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amyloid Bone Disease and Highly Permeable Synthetic Membranes (1994)

The effect of different highly permeable membranes on amyloid bone disease (ABD) was retrospectively evaluated in patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) in our Unit with a dialytic age of more than 4 years. A group of 36 patients (age 60 +/- 12 years) after a variable period (28 +/- 29 months) on hemodialysis with cuprophane membrane (CU-HD), were moved to HDF with a reinfusate volume of 22 +/- 1 1/session, for a period of 65 +/- 26 months using the following membranes: AN69 1.6 m2, PAN 1.8, PMMA 2.1, PS 1.3, polyamide (PA) 1.3 and 1.6. Bone x-rays of wrists, hips and shoulders were taken annually and the presence of ABD was evaluated according to generally accepted criteria. ABD occurred in 4 patients after a period of 73 +/- 30 months on CU-HD only; it developed in 4/7 patients an AN69, in 4/6 on PAN, in 3/5 on PMMA, in 3/5 on PS; no patient of the 13 on PA developed ABD. Comparing patients on PA with those on other synthetic membranes, no significant difference was found in dialysis time (73 +/- 19 vs 83 +/- 28 months) as well as in age (59 +/- 13 vs 61 +/- 11 years) at ABD on set, when present. These data strongly encourage prospective studies enrolling more patients for a longer period of observation in order to evaluate possible differences on ABD development among various synthetic membranes.
The pulse of inflammation: heart rate variability, the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and implications for therapy (2010)

Biological therapeutics targeting TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 are widely used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and a growing list of other syndromes, often with remarkable success. Now advances in neuroscience have collided with this therapeutic approach, perhaps rendering possible the development of nerve stimulators to inhibit cytokines. Action potentials transmitted in the vagus nerve culminate in the release of acetylcholine that blocks cytokine production by cells expressing acetylcholine receptors. The molecular mechanism of this cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is attributable to signal transduction by the nicotinic alpha 7 acetylcholine receptor subunit, a regulator of the intracellular signals that control cytokine transcription and translation. Favourable preclinical data support the possibility that nerve stimulators may be added to the future therapeutic armamentarium, possibly replacing some drugs to inhibit cytokines.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE: GENERAL WORKS (1954)

Journal Article ENGLISH LANGUAGE: GENERAL WORKS Get access R. M. WILSON R. M. WILSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Year's Work in English Studies, Volume XXXIII, Issue 1, 1954, Pages 19–35, https://doi.org/10.1093/ywes/XXXIII.1.19 Published: 01 September 1954
Reaktion von N‐Alkyl‐bis(difluorophosphoryl)amiden, RN(POF<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, mit silylierten Nukleophilen und Et<sub>2</sub>NSF<sub>3</sub> (1986)

Abstract N‐Alkyl‐bis(difluorophosphoryl)amide, RN(POF 2 ) 2 (R = Me, Et), reagieren mit den silylierten Nukleophilen Me 3 SiOMe und Me 3 SiNEt 2 in jedem Fall unter Spaltung der PNP‐Brücke zu Di‐ und Monofluorophosphorsäurederivaten. Bei der Reaktion mit Et 2 NSF 3 werden OPF 3 bzw. PF 5 und (RNPF 3 ) 2 erhalten. Die als Zwischenprodukte angenommenen Verbindungen F 2 P(O)NRPF 4 und RN(PF 4 ) 2 sind nicht stabil.
Antireflection Coatings for Silicon in the 25–50-μm Region (1971)

It has been found that vacuum-deposited films of CsI, AgCl, TlBr, and TlCl are useful as antireflection coatings for silicon over a broad spectral range in the infrared. Measurements performed on a plane-parallel silicon plate coated with various thicknesses of the above materials yield transmittance values ranging from 99% at lambda = 2.9 microm to 88% at lambda = 27 microm. Experimental details of the coating process and properties of the coatings are discussed.
Long Term Accelerated Weathering Tests on “Coupons” to Develop New Classes of Backsheets (2015)

Renolit N.V. has developed a new class of Backsheet on base of Polypropylene and Polyamide with lower WVTR and higher acetic acid permeability than PET based backsheet. The backsheet is white pigmented in the bulk which allows for an higher Solar Reflectance than PET based transparent core backsheet. Photovoltaic module constructions using such backsheet show some discoloration (yellowing) in Damp Heat test (85°C / 85 % RH) contrary to the same constructions with PET based backsheet. It is important to understand the root cause of observed yellowing and its significance. In the present case, yellowing in Damp Heat is the consequence of the oxidation of the anti-oxidants added to the backsheet to extend its durability. It doesn’t occur in use, i.e. under sunlight exposure. The mechanism of yellowing is discussed. By reaction with residual peroxides of the encapsulation films (EVA), phenolic anti-oxidant are oxidized to yellow dyes derived from Quinonemethide. Under light, such molecules are reduced against to regenerate colorless anti-oxidants, able to further neutralize residual peroxides. This explains why the same coupons (Glass / EVA / mini-cell / EVA / backsheet) which heavily turn yellow after 1.000 hours of Damp Heat, remain unchanged under 2-Suns weathering test even after 21.000 hours, an equivalent of close to 40 years Florida sun exposure. No sign of corrosion neither of the grid fingers nor of the ribbons is observed in such weathering test. As additives extending the lifetime of polymers and reacting with residual peroxides have the tendency to produce yellow dyes in the dark, reduction of additive package of polymeric films to minimize yellowing in Damp Heat test may in fact lead to durability reduction. The present paper enhances the importance of developing cost effective encapsulation and backsheet solutions for Photovoltaic modules on base of weathering tests on coupons. To improve Photovoltaic module durability, the barrier properties of the backsheet should also be taken into account.
The First Takeoff of a Biologically Inspired At-Scale Robotic Insect (2008)

Biology is a useful tool when applied to engineering challenges that have been solved in nature. Here, the emulous goal of creating an insect-sized, truly micro air vehicle is addressed by first exploring biological principles. These principles give insights on how to generate sufficient thrust to sustain flight for centimeter-scale vehicles. Here, it is shown how novel manufacturing paradigms enable the creation of the mechanical and aeromechanical subsystems of a microrobotic device that is capable of Diptera-like wing trajectories. The results are a unique microrobot: a 60 mg robotic insect that can produce sufficient thrust to accelerate vertically. Although still externally powered, this micromechanical device represents significant progress toward the creation of autonomous insect-sized micro air vehicles.
Transiting from Adipic Acid to Bioadipic Acid. Part II. Biosynthetic Pathways (2014)

Biobased reaction pathways toward adipic acid starting from renewables such as glucose or vegetable oils are more benign than the traditional petrochemical approaches. Various combined fermentative/chemo-catalytic or fully enzymatic adipic acid processes are now emerging. It is reasonable to expect that high-quality bioadipic acid can technically be introduced into the market within the next few years. This review paper describes the imminent transition from adipic acid to bioadipic acid.
Insecticidal Efficacy of Azadirachta indica, Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Chlorantraniliprole Singly or Combined against Field Populations fo Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (2012)

The development of resistance in cosmopolitan insect Helicoverpa armigera Hbner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) forced the researchers for alternative control measures. In the present study, insecticidal efficacy of formulations of Azadirachta indica, a Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV), and new anthranilic diamide insecticide (chlorantraniliprole) formulations was determined against 2 nd , through 5 th larval instars of H. armigera collected from diverse geographical locations in the Punjab province, Pakistan. Azadirachta indica was applied at 5 L L -1 ; NPV at 2.1 10 5 polyhedral occlusion bodies (POB) mL -1 and chlorantraniliprole at 0.01 L L -1 , either alone or in combinations with each other. The bioassays were conducted at 27 1 C and 65 5% relative humidity. The mortality varied greatly among treatments, larval instars, and locations. The combinations of NPV with A. indica and chlorantraniliprole caused higher mortality, pupation and produced an additive effect compared to their application singly in all the tested populations. The population from Rawalpindi was always susceptible while the Gujranwala was the resistant. The results herein suggest that the effectiveness of NPV and A. indica can be improved by the presence of chlorantraniliprole against the larvae of H. armigera.
Ultraviolet-Ozone and Ultraviolet-Oxidant Treatment of Pink Water. (1978)

Pink water, a solution of trinitrotoluene (TNT and other nitro-bodies) is a major pollutant at AAP's which manufacture TNT and load, assemble and pack bombs and other ammunition. Two of the new technologies being investigated as alternatives to carbon adsorption, which is currently used to purify pink water, are covered in this report. One method involves the use of ultraviolet (uv) ozone; the other, uv-oxidant. In the uv-ozone study, a pilot system with a volume of 3.79 cubic meters per day was evaluated. This system reduced dissolved TNT and RDX to less than one milligram per liter with no by-products requiring disposal. A larger, 18.9 cubic meter per day plant, is proposed. In evaluating the uv-oxidant process, commercially available uv-light, water-purification units were used in conjunction with oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide or oxone, a blend of potassium persulfate oxidants. Variables such as film depth, dilutions, uv wavelength, and operation of the units in series rather than in parallel, were examined in optimizing the system. (Author)
Modification of Silicon AFM Cantilever Tips with an Oligo(ethylene glycol) Derivative for Resisting Proteins and Maintaining a Small Tip Size for High-Resolution Imaging (2003)

We demonstrate that silicon AFM tips can be modified by etching with 2% HF solution followed by reaction with an alpha,omega-oligo(ethylene glycol)alkene. Tips properly modified by this technique maintain a small tip size and effectively reduce the nonspecific interaction with fibrinogen and bovine serum albumin, resulting in greatly improved image resolution and contrast for high-coverage fibrinogen films.
Different defects of T cell regulation of epstein‐barr virus‐induced B cell activation in rheumatoid arthritis (1985)

Several reports have shown a defective Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific suppressor T cell function in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), suggesting that EBV may have a role in the pathogenesis of RA. EBV-specific T cell regulation was studied in 47 EBV-immune RA patients and in 14 EBV-immune control subjects by comparing the secretion of IgM into supernatants of 28-day cultures of B cells alone and cocultures of B and autologous T cells. In control subjects, autologous T cells mediated a significant decrease in the secretion of IgM by B cells at 12 and 16 days of culture. Analysis of individual responses demonstrated the existence of 3 subgroups of RA patients: group I (18 patients) had a suppressor T cell function similar to that of controls; group II (21 patients) had a defective T cell function; group III (8 patients) was characterized by a "late help phenomenon." Moreover, in RA group III, IgM secretion in cultures of B cells alone was lower than that seen in controls, RA group I, or RA group II. Differences in the duration or severity of the disease, or in the use of slow-acting therapeutic agents, corticosteroids, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs could not account for these subdivisions. Thus, our study demonstrates that several immunoregulatory defects exist in subgroups of RA patients.
Palladium-catalyzed vinyl substitution reactions. II. Synthesis of aryl substituted allylic alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones from aryl halides and unsaturated alcohols (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed vinyl substitution reactions. II. Synthesis of aryl substituted allylic alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones from aryl halides and unsaturated alcoholsAlan J. Chalk and Steven A. MagennisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 7, 1206–1209Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00869a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views891Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (525 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Tumor Heterogeneity and Personalized Cancer Medicine: Are we Being Outnumbered? (2014)

Tumor heterogeneity is regarded as a major obstacle to successful personalized cancer medicine. The lack of reliable response assays reflective of in vivo tumor heterogeneity and associated resistance mechanisms hampers identification of reliable biomarkers. By contrast, oncogene addiction and paracrine signaling enable systemic responses despite tumor heterogeneity. This strengthens researchers in their efforts towards personalized cancer medicine. Given the fact that tumor heterogeneity is an integral part of cancer evolution, diagnostic tools need to be developed in order to better understand the dynamics within a tumor. Ultra-deep sequencing may reveal future resistant clones within a (liquid) tumor biopsy. On-treatment biopsies may provide insight into intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Subsequently, upfront combinatorial treatment or sequential therapy strategies may forestall drug resistance and improve patient outcome. Finally, innovative response assays, such as organoid cultures or patient-derived tumor xenografts, provide an extra dimension to correlate molecular profiles with drug efficacy and control cancer growth.
Cranial stereotactic multiple arc radiotherapy (1992)

The paper by Thomson & Clegg (1992) does not discuss the verification of the dose calculation on a case by case basis. We presented our method of SMART at the ICR meeting in which we described a procedure for verification of the “full-blown” 3-D dose calculation using a separate, fast program (MUSET), which takes as input the dimensions of the major axes of an ellipsoid.
Radio frequency or microwave plasma reactors? Factors determining the optimum frequency of operation (1991)

It is now generally accepted that the frequency ω/2π at which a high frequency (hf) discharge is sustained has considerable influence on the properties of the plasma. For example, the electron density obtained for a given hf power density deposited into the plasma is usually higher at microwave than at radio frequencies (rfs). This paper reviews a series of experiments at the Université de Montréal designed to investigate the influence of ω on the power balance between the hf field and the plasma, and the plasma processing of materials. For the two particular etching and deposition processes which are described here, the ‘‘optimum’’ frequency (at which the process is most efficient) appears to be in the range between 50 and 100 MHz. This suggests that converting a plasma process from 13.56 to 2450 MHz does not necessarily lead to the greatest possible process enhancement, and that optimization may require the plasma reactor to be constructed in such a way as to allow the excitation frequency to be changed. To provide insight into these results, the most recent models dealing with the influence of ω on the electron energy distribution are reviewed and extended to calculate parameters that can be compared with our experimental data.
Dynamic modelling for optimisation of pellet softening (2008)

Mathematical models for the crystallisation process in pellet reactors have been developed during recent decades. In this paper, these models are extended with new insights in the pellet softening process. The diffusion of the supersaturated water to the pellet surface is included in the model and the fluidisation model of the bed is modified. The new model is calibrated in a pilot plant setup. Calibration results are validated in two different full-scale plants. The validation process shows that, even under basic process operation, the model can be used to identify a malfunctioning apparatus and identify undesired process conditions. For the normal situation the model gives satisfactory results in predicting fluidised bed porosity and water quality parameters such as calcium, pH, conductivity and m-alkalinity.
Inherently confinable split-drive systems in Drosophila (2021)

CRISPR-based gene-drive systems, which copy themselves via gene conversion mediated by the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway, have the potential to revolutionize vector control. However, mutant alleles generated by the competing non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, resistant to Cas9 cleavage, can interrupt the spread of gene-drive elements. We hypothesized that drives targeting genes essential for viability or reproduction also carrying recoded sequences that restore endogenous gene functionality should benefit from dominantly-acting maternal clearance of NHEJ alleles combined with recessive Mendelian culling processes. Here, we test split gene-drive (sGD) systems in Drosophila melanogaster that are inserted into essential genes required for viability (rab5, rab11, prosalpha2) or fertility (spo11). In single generation crosses, sGDs copy with variable efficiencies and display sex-biased transmission. In multigenerational cage trials, sGDs follow distinct drive trajectories reflecting their differential tendencies to induce target chromosome damage and/or lethal/sterile mosaic Cas9-dependent phenotypes, leading to inherently confinable drive outcomes.
Protective role of ubiquinone in vitamin E and selenium‐deficient plasma membranes (1999)

We have studied the effects of dietary depletion of vitamin E and selenium on endogenous ubiquinone-dependent antioxidant system. Deficiency induced an increase in both coenzyme Q9 and Q10 in liver tissue, reaching a maximum between 4 and 7 weeks of deficient diet consumption. Cytochrome b5 reductase polypeptide was also enriched in membranes after 5 weeks of deficient diet consumption. Substantial DT-diaphorase activity was found in deficient, but not in control plasma membranes. Deficient membranes were very sensitive to lipid peroxidation, although a great protection was observed after incubation with NAD(P)H. Our results show that liver cells can boost endogenous ubiquinone-dependent protective mechanisms in response to deficiency in vitamin E and selenium.
Designing light-emitting diode arrays for uniform near-field irradiance (2006)

We analyze the first-order design of light sources consisting of multiple light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to uniformly illuminate a near target plane by considering each single LED as an imperfect Lambertian emitter. Simple approximate equations and formulas are derived for the optimum LED-to-LED spacing, i.e., the optimum packaging density, of several array configurations to achieve uniform near-field irradiance.
Age-Related Differences in Test-Retest Reliability in Resting-State Brain Functional Connectivity (2012)

Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating brain functional connectivity (FC). Research in recent years has focused on assessing the reliability of FC across younger subjects within and between scan-sessions. Test-retest reliability in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) has not yet been examined in older adults. In this study, we investigated age-related differences in reliability and stability of RSFC across scans. In addition, we examined how global signal regression (GSR) affects RSFC reliability and stability. Three separate resting-state scans from 29 younger adults (18-35 yrs) and 26 older adults (55-85 yrs) were obtained from the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM) dataset made publically available as part of the 1000 Functional Connectomes project www.nitrc.org/projects/fcon_1000. 92 regions of interest (ROIs) with 5 cubic mm radius, derived from the default, cingulo-opercular, fronto-parietal and sensorimotor networks, were previously defined based on a recent study. Mean time series were extracted from each of the 92 ROIs from each scan and three matrices of z-transformed correlation coefficients were created for each subject, which were then used for evaluation of multi-scan reliability and stability. The young group showed higher reliability of RSFC than the old group with GSR (p-value = 0.028) and without GSR (p-value <0.001). Both groups showed a high degree of multi-scan stability of RSFC and no significant differences were found between groups. By comparing the test-retest reliability of RSFC with and without GSR across scans, we found significantly higher proportion of reliable connections in both groups without GSR, but decreased stability. Our results suggest that aging is associated with reduced reliability of RSFC which itself is highly stable within-subject across scans for both groups, and that GSR reduces the overall reliability but increases the stability in both age groups and could potentially alter group differences of RSFC.