gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water Relations of Growing Maize Coleoptiles (1991)

Water relations of growing segments of maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles were investigated with osmotic methods using either mannitol (MAN) or polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) as external osmotica. Segments were incubated in MAN or PEG solutions at 0 to - 15 bar water potential (Psi(o)) and the effects were compared on elongation growth, osmotic shrinkage, cell sap osmolality (OC), and osmotic pressure (pi(i)). The nonpenetrating osmoticum PEG affects pi(i) in agreement with Boyle-Mariotte's law, i.e. the segments behave in principle as ideal osmometers. There is no osmotic adjustment in the Psi(o) range permitting growth (0 to -5 bar) nor in the Psi(o) range inducing osmotic shrinkage (-5 to -10 bar). Promoting growth by auxin (IAA) has no effect on the osmotic behavior of the tissue toward PEG. In contrast to PEG, MAN produces an apparent increase in pi(i) accompanied by anomalous effects on segment elongation and shrinkage leading to a lower value for Psi(o) which establishes a growth rate of zero and to an apparent recovery from osmotic shrinkage after 2 hours of incubation. These effects can be quantitatively attributed to uptake of MAN into the tissue. MAN is taken up into the apoplastic space and the symplast as revealed by a large temperature-dependent component of MAN uptake. It is concluded that MAN, in contrast to PEG, is unsuitable as an extemal osmoticum for the quantitative determination of water relations of growing maize coleoptiles.
Effect of Chronic Treatment with the Glucocorticoid Antagonist RU 486 in Man: Toxicity, Immunological, and Hormonal Aspects (1990)

Suppression of immune function was traditionally thought to occur only with pharmacological levels of glucocorticoids. However, recent studies in rodents have suggested that glucocorticoids exert tonic antiinflammatory/immunosuppressive effects even at basal nonstress concentrations. To examine whether basal glucocorticoid secretion modulates immune function in man we employed the specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486. If a tonic level of inhibition of the immune system by basal glucocorticoid levels was present, then a potentiation or enhancement of immune function might evolve in the absence of glucocorticoid action. To examine this hypothesis, we studied 11 healthy male normal volunteers who received RU 486 (10 mg/kg.day) or placebo vehicle, divided into 2 daily oral doses, for 7-14 days. Blood samples were collected every 2 days for measurement of plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations along with 24-h urine samples for measurement of 17-hydroxysteroid and free cortisol excretion. Complete and differential blood counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, C-reactive protein, antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and quantitative immunoglobulins were also determined at 2-day intervals. Leukocytes were obtained by leukopheresis for phenotypic characterization and functional analysis before and 7 days after the initiation of RU 486 or placebo therapy. Blockade of cortisol receptors with RU 486 was associated with marked compensatory elevations of plasma ACTH and cortisol and increases in 24-h urinary excretion of 17-hydroxysteroids and free cortisol. Unexpectedly, 8 of the 11 subjects developed generalized exanthem after 9 days of RU 486 treatment. One subject developed symptoms and signs consistent with the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. Total white blood cell counts, absolute lymphocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and quantitative immunoglobulins did not change with RU 486 therapy. Similarly, T-, B-, and natural killer cell subsets did not change during RU 486 treatment. Furthermore, functional evaluation of lymphocyte cytotoxicity and proliferation revealed no changes. We conclude that administration of high doses of RU 486 to normal volunteers does not result in measurable enhancement of immune function. This suggests that in man, glucocorticoids may not exert a tonic inhibitory effect on the immune system as they appear to do in rodents. Alternatively, the compensatory increase in endogenous cortisol may obviate any effect of the glucocorticoid antagonist on the immune system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Chemiluminescent labeled-antibody assay for thyroxin in serum, with magnetic separation of the solid-phase. (1986)

A chemiluminescent labeled-antibody immunoassay has been developed for measurement of total thyroxin (T4) in serum. Monoclonal antibodies to T4 labeled with a chemiluminescent acridinium ester are used. Serum samples are incubated with the labeled antibodies and a thyroxin-rabbit immunoglobulin conjugate, then reacted with magnetizable particles containing sheep anti-rabbit immunoglobulin. The total reaction time is 40 min. The chemiluminescence intensity of the solid-phase immune complexes is inversely proportional to the concentration of T4 in the sample. The sensitivity of the assay is 1 nmol/L, and the working range of 20-190 nmol/L is characterized by CVs less than or equal to 10%.
Improved OFDM Channel Estimation using Inter-Packet Information (2006)

We present a technique that improves channel estimation accuracy by using the estimates of channel coefficients from previous packets that are received from the same transmitter. A mechanism that accurately estimates the carrier and timing phase differences between successive packets is discussed. Simulations show that the performance improvement of 0.5-1 dB is obtained. The improvement is particularly significant when the signal-to-noise ratio is very low
WORD ON THE WIRE: FILM CLASSIFICATION (2014)

Trying to fathom the reasoning behind the BBFC's guidelines may lead to strong language, mild fantasy violence and threat.
Gait synthesis for the SD-2 biped robot to climb sloping surface (1990)

A scheme to enable the SD-2 biped robot to climb sloping surfaces is proposed. By means of sensing devices, namely position sensors on the joints and force sensors underneath the heel and toe, the robot is able to detect the transition of the supporting terrain from a flat floor to a sloping surface. An algorithm is developed for the biped robot control system to evaluate the inclination of the supporting foot and the unknown gradient, and a compliant motion scheme is then used to enable the robot to transfer from level walking to climbing the slope. While the robot walks on the slope, the gait synthesis is a simple modification to the one used for level walking. Experiments with the SD-2 biped robot show that the overall scheme, while simple to implement, is powerful and reliable enough to permit walking from level to slope or vice versa. Finally, it is argued that the proposed mechanism can be extended to quasi-dynamic and dynamic gaits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Symbol manipulation in FORTRAN (1964)

A set of subroutines for use in FORTRAN are described whose purpose is to synthesize output strings from (i) input strings which have been analysed by the SHADOW general syntactic analysis subroutine reported earlier, and/or (ii) packed BCD strings formed in any way. Function-type subroutines are included for intermediate manipulations, which are performed on the strings which are stored in an abbreviated internal representation. The automatic way in which an internal representation for each newly created substring is stored sequentially in a block of common storage, and the manner in which a storage block is dynamically allocated for that purpose, are discussed.
Induction of lnterleukin-1β mRNA and Enkephalin mRNA in the Rat Adrenal Gland by Lipopolysaccharides Studied by in situ Hybridization Histochemistry (Part 2 of 2) (1995)

Interleukin-1 is a macrophage-derived cytokine, which can also be synthesized in other cell types. It has been shown to exert several activities in the nervous and endocrine system, including a potent activating effect on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. High levels of interleukin-1 have previously been found in the adrenal gland. The effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (2.0 mg/kg) on interleukin-1Β mRNA was studied in the rat adrenal gland by in situ hybridization histochemistry using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe. A transient induction was observed, with the strongest hybridization signal seen after 1.5 h and subsequent decrease to near basal levels at 3 h. Similarly, the effect of lipopolysaccharides on preproenkephalin A mRNA expression in the adrenal gland was analyzed. Preproenkephalin A is a precursor for methionine-enkephalin, a neuropeptide known to be produced in the chromaffin cells, and also known to affect immunological functions. A low level of preproenkephalin A mRNA was seen in the adrenal medulla in animals injected with saline and 0.5 h after lipopolysaccharide administration. A small, but distinct increase in hybridization signal appeared at 1.5 h and a marked increase was observed at 3 h after administration of lipopolysaccharides. In addition to the different kinetics of expression after LPS administration, the two mRNA species showed a somewhat different morphological distribution in that IL-1Β mRNA could be seen in both adrenal medulla and cortex, whereas preproenkephalin A expression was confined to the adrenal medulla.
Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Surface Recombination Velocity in Silicon Wafers (1993)

A theoretical explanation of surface recombination velocity reduction observed in silicon material irradiated by ultraviolet light is presented. The time dependent UV effect found in wafers covered by a native oxide results from a slow state discharge process which capture electrons during high energy photon exposure. The capture process is followed by a surface potential change which modifies the surface recombination velocity. As the slow states discharge, the original value of surface activity is recovered.
Diagnostic Value of Procalcitonin, Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-8 in Critically Ill Patients Admitted with Suspected Sepsis (2001)

Abstract To assess the diagnostic value of procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and standard measurements in identifying critically ill patients with sepsis, we performed prospective measurements in 78 consecutive patients admitted with acute systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and suspected infection. We estimated the relevance of the different parameters by using multivariable regression modeling, likelihood-ratio tests, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). The final diagnosis was SIRS in 18 patients, sepsis in 14, severe sepsis in 21, and septic shock in 25. PCT yielded the highest discriminative value, with an AUC of 0.92 (CI, 0.85 to 1.0), followed by IL-6 (0.75; CI, 0.63 to 0.87), and IL-8 (0.71; CI, 0.59 to 0.83; p &lt; 0.001). At a cutoff of 1.1 ng / ml, PCT yielded a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 78% to differentiate patients with SIRS from those with sepsis-related conditions. Median PCT concentrations on admission (ng / ml, range) were 0.6 (0 to 5.3) for SIRS; 3.5 (0.4 to 6.7) for sepsis; 6.2 (2.2 to 85) for severe sepsis; and 21.3 (1.2 to 654) for septic shock (p &lt; 0.001). The addition of PCT to a model based solely on standard indicators improved the predictive power of detecting sepsis (likelihood ratio test; p = 0.001) and increased the AUC value for the routine value-based model from 0.77 (CI, 0.64 to 0.89) to 0.94 (CI, 0.89 to 0.99; p = 0.002). In contrast, no additive effect was seen for IL-6 (p = 0.56) or IL-8 (p = 0.14). Elevated PCT concentrations appear to be a promising indicator of sepsis in newly admitted, critically ill patients capable of complementing clinical signs and routine laboratory parameters suggestive of severe infection.
Game Theoretic Modeling of Jamming Attacks in Ad hoc Networks (2009)

The objective of jamming attack in a network is to deny service to the communicating nodes, thus reducing network throughput and availability. In this paper, we propose a game theoretic framework for detecting jamming attacks in wireless ad hoc networks. We formulate jamming as a two- player, non cooperative game to analyze the interaction between attacker and monitoring nodes in the network. We propose hybrid detection strategies at the monitor node using cross-layer features for attack detection. We solve the game by computing the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium and derive optimal attack and detection strategies. Numerical results show that game theoretic analysis can be used to determine optimal steady state monitoring strategies to provide higher detection accuracy, while balancing the monitoring energy costs.
Visual prostheses: Current progress and challenges (2009)

We have recently designed, fabricated and implanted a visual prosthesis. Animal studies show that the implant remains viable post- op. There exist numerous challenges to move the implant from the bench o the bedside and requires a concerted effort from scientists in different disciplines to come together. We hope that in the future that we will eventually take the important step being able to perform human studies to understand the efficacy of a chronic retinal implant.
Quantum-limited laser frequency-modulation spectroscopy (1985)

Frequency-modulation (FM) spectroscopy permits high-resolution, high-sensitivity, easily calibrated absorption measurements of atomic and molecular species and narrow spectral features in solids. This paper reviews some important developments in laser FM spectroscopy, from its inception as a spectroscopic tool to the demonstration of quantum-limited absorption measurements, emphasizing the sensitivity limitations caused by residual amplitude modulation (RAM). Moreover, a detailed account is presented of a new double-beam, single-detector technique that efficiently suppresses the RAM and permits quantum-limited performance to be achieved in laser FM spectroscopy. We also include some recent results of the first reported FM spectroscopic investigations of the NO2 molecule.
Assessing the properties of freshly mixed concrete containing paper-mill residuals and class F fly ash (2011)

The disposal of wastewater treatment-plant solids collected from the paper-mill has become a crucial problem as the landfill space is limited. The use of paper-mill residuals in concrete formulations was investigated as an alternative to landfill disposal. Currently, there is still lack of information on the effect of fresh properties of residual concrete. Furthermore, the effect of class F fly ash on fresh properties of residual concrete is not yet discovered. The fresh properties of concrete containing paper-mill residuals and class F fly ash were investigated by different workability tests, fresh concrete unit weight and air content tests. The influence of the variables such as superplasticizer dosage, water/cementitous material ratio, residual content, and fly ash content on the workability tests was revealed in this study.

	 

	Key words: Recycling, paper-mill, concrete, fly ash.
Iridium Barriers for Direct Copper Electrodeposition in Damascene Processing (2006)

Seedless superfilling by copper electrodeposition is demonstrated on submicrometer trenches with Ir barrier layers deposited by atomic layer deposition. The Cu deposition is seen to occur smoothly and continuously on the Ir without the benefit of a copper seed layer. The work supports efforts to develop diffusion barriers compatible with seedless superfill for damascene fabrication of interconnects. It also indicates the suitability of atomic layer deposition for fabrication of barrier layers, in this case Ir, for seedless processing.
Ultrasonographical and hormonal description of the normal ovulatory menstrual cycle (1994)

Vaginal ultrasonography is a practical and reliable method to monitor structural changes in the ovaries and the uterus during the menstrual cycle. The results are of clinical importance for a better understanding of the physiological changes and helpful when monitoring induction of ovulation in assisted reproduction.
The Modifled Tempered Stable Distribution, GARCH Models and Option Pricing (2008)

We introduce a new variant of the tempered stable distribu- tion, named the modified tempered stable (MTS) distribution and we de- velop a GARCH option pricing model with MTS innovations. This model allows the description of some stylized empirical facts observed in financial markets, such as volatility clustering, skewness, and heavy tails of stock returns. To demonstrate the advantages of the MTS-GARCH model, we present the results of the parameter estimation. 2000 AMS Mathematics Subject Classification: 60E07, 91B84.
Preparation of 1,2‐disubstituted‐3‐hydroxy‐4(1<i>H</i>)‐quinolinones and the influence of substitution on the course of cyclization (1999)

Abstract Synthesis of 1,2‐disubstituted‐3‐hydroxy‐4(1 H )‐quinolinones by the cyclization of N ‐substituted phenacyl or acetonyl anthranilates is described. Two methods were employed for cyclization of anthranilates. Heating in polyphosphoric acid has a wide scope of applicability. The thermal cyclization in boiling N ‐methylpyrrolidone is limited by steric effect.
FPGA based systems with linear and non-linear signal processing capabilities (2002)

The paper presents a model of an embedded system to be implemented in FPGAs. Moreover, the architecture features of the FPGA are explored by the realization of a complex system to recognize characters and search words in a database. The mixing of signal processing and scalar processing in the same system require different architecture characteristics. The explored example shows that some minor adaptation on FPGAs could handle these complex system developments. The paper presents the main ideas behind this design approach, and comparison in terms of area and processing speeds of both solutions.
Field-conditioned alfalfa hay as it affects the winter performance of weaned heifer calves (1962)

Through cooperative efforts of the Departments of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, fourth-cutting alfalfa hay was made available to winter-feed weaned heifer calves. The object of the experiment was to determine the effects of various field-conditioned alfalfa hays on the winter performance of heifer calves.
Development of the Autofluorescence Endoscope Imaging System (1999)

It is a well known fact that light emitted at a specific wavelength induces fluorescence in the human body. This kind of fluorescence is called autofluorescence. The application of autofluorescence diagnosis, on the other hand, is a more complicated system designed to detect faint autofluorescence inherent in tissues/cells. We have adopted this autofluorescence diagnosis method and developed a new autofluorescence endoscope imaging system called the SAFE-1000. Normal mucosa emitting autofluorescence appears green on the monitor, while abnormal mucosa shows a dark image caused by the lack of autofluorescence.
Using shape analysis to reduce finite-state models of concurrent Java programs (2000)

Finite-state verification (e.g., model checking) provides a powerful means to detect concurrency errors, which are often subtle and difficult to reproduce. Nevertheless, widespread use of this technology by developers is unlikely until tools provide automated support for extracting the required finite-state models directly from program source. Unfortunately, the dynamic features of modern languages such as Java complicate the construction of compact finite-state models for verification. In this article, we show how shape analysis, which has traditionally been used for computing alias information in optimizers, can be used to greatly reduce the size of finite-state models of concurrent Java programs by determining which heap-allocated variables are accessible only by a single thread, and which shared variables are protected by locks. We also provide several other state-space reductions based on the semantics of Java monitors. A prototype of the reductions demonstrates their effectiveness.
Traffic state detection with floating car data in road networks (2005)

A method for a reporting behavior at optimal costs of single vehicles (FCD: floating car data) in road networks with the aim of a high quality of traffic state recognition is presented. It is shown that based on minimum two FCD messages the substantial information of a typical traffic incident in a traffic center can be recognized. The two relevant periods of such an obstruction of traffic in road networks are the periods, in which either a travel time increase takes place due to congestion emergence or a travel time decrease because of congestion dissolution. A statistic analysis already shows the high quality of the reconstruction of the actual travel times in the net with 1.5% equipped FCD vehicles and a reduction of the FCD message sending of the vehicles by suppression of redundant incident information. Incidents with at least 20 min duration can be recognized with a probability of 65% with an penetration rate of 1.5% FCD vehicles within the whole amount of vehicles, whereby the FCD vehicles send only in each incident case two messages per event.
Spectrum management in cognitive radio ad hoc networks (2009)

The problem of spectrum scarcity and inefficiency in spectrum usage will be addressed by the newly emerging cognitive radio paradigm that allows radios to opportunistically transmit in the vacant portions of the spectrum already assigned to licensed users. For this, the ability for spectrum sensing, spectrum sharing, choosing the best spectrum among the available options, and dynamically adapting transmission parameters based on the activity of the licensed spectrum owners must be integrated within cognitive radio users. Specifically in cognitive radio ad hoc networks, distributed multihop architecture, node mobility, and spatio-temporal variance in spectrum availability are some of the key distinguishing factors. In this article the important features of CRAHNs are presented, along with the design approaches and research challenges that must be addressed. Spectrum management in CRAHNs comprises spectrum sensing, sharing, decision, and mobility. In this article each of these functions are described in detail from the viewpoint of multihop infra-structureless networks requiring cooperation among users.
Dynamic Rheological Studies of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis (1979)

A Weissenberg rheogoniometer in the oscillatory mode was employed to determine the effect of fibrinolysis and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) on the development of the dynamic shear moduli in coagulating platelet-free plasma (PFP) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). While the FDP produced by incubation of PFP for 3 min with streptokinase (SK) increased the maximum shear storage modulus (Gmax′) of PFP, these early FDP decreased the Gmax′ of PRP clots significantly. The FDP produced at longer incubation periods reduced the Gmax′ of PRP clots also. The decreased Gmax′ in PRP containing FDP appears due to FDP inhibiting the binding of polymerizing fibrin to the platelet membrane. While 10 μ/ml of SK did not produce FDP or induce significant fibrinolysis, clot lysis was complete and rapid in the presence of 20 μ/ml SK. Experiments with crosslinking inhibitors indicate that poorly crosslinked clots are more susceptible to fibrinolysis. In addition, a model for coagulation is presented which accurately fits the entire storage modulus-versus-time curve for PFP.