gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Retention of IκBα Protects It from Signal-induced Degradation and Inhibits Nuclear Factor κB Transcriptional Activation (1999)

Transcriptional activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is mediated by signal-induced phosphorylation and degradation of its inhibitor, IkappaBalpha. However, NF-kappaB activation induces rapid resynthesis of IkappaBalpha, which is responsible for post-induction repression of transcription. Newly synthesized IkappaBalpha translocates to the nucleus, where it dissociates NF-kappaB from DNA and transports NF-kappaB from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in a nuclear export sequence-dependent process that is sensitive to leptomycin B (LMB). In the present study, LMB was used as a tool to inhibit nuclear export sequence-mediated nuclear protein export and evaluate the consequences for regulation of NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activity. Pretreatment of cells with LMB inhibits NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activation mediated by interleukin 1beta or tumor necrosis factor alpha. This is a consequence of the inhibition of signal-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha. Although LMB treatment does not affect the signal transduction pathway leading to IkappaBalpha degradation, it blocks IkappaBalpha nuclear export. IkappaBalpha is thus accumulated in the nucleus, and in this compartment it is resistant to signal-induced degradation. These results indicate that the signal-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha is mainly, if not exclusively, a cytoplasmic process. An efficient nuclear export of IkappaBalpha is therefore essential for maintaining a low level of IkappaBalpha in the nucleus and allowing NF-kappaB to be transcriptionally active upon cell stimulation.
Polyclonal gammopathy with marked increase in serum viscosity (1991)

A 45-year-old man with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia (gamma globulins, 102 g/L) had a serum relative viscosity of 13 nu but did not manifest clinical signs of hyperviscosity syndrome (e.g., retinopathy, bleeding diathesis, and neurological alterations), except for fatigue and anorexia. In contrast with other patients with polyclonal hyperviscosity reported so far, this patient did not have detectable rheumatoid factor in serum. Analytical ultracentrifugation of his serum showed aggregates of polyclonal IgG3 of various sizes (between 10 and 36 S). The serum also contained immune complex-like material, as demonstrated by the Raji cell immunoradiometric assay and the C1q solid-phase enzyme immunoassay.
Influence of Substrate Orientation on Be Transport during Molecular Beam Epitaxy of AlGaAs/GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (1992)

The influence of substrate orientation on Be transport during GaAs molecular beam epitaxy is evaluated by secondary ion mass spectrometry and from the current-voltage characteristics of AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). The Be doping level employed is from 2×10 19 cm -3 to 9×10 19 cm -3 . The Be transport for the conventional (100) orientation increases rapidly with the increase of growth temperature ( T s ) from 530°C to 630°C. With substrate misorientation from (100) toward (111)A, however, Be transport is decreased at T s =630°C, and reaches a minimum with (311)A orientation. The maximum current gain of AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs grown at T s =560°C is 264 for (411)A orientation and 3 for (100) orientation, which confirms the applicability of substrate orientations other than the conventional (100) one for obtaining a sharp Be profile.
Learning object representations from greyscale images (1996)

This thesis develops algorithms for learning the surface geometry and albedo of an object from image sets taken under varying lighting conditions and from different viewpoints. In principle, recovery of this information allows all sources of image variation--pose, lighting, viewpoint, albedo, geometric deformations, articulations--to be modeled independently and explicitly. The algorithms described rely on the assumption that the lambertian reflectance model is adequate for these surfaces. To support this claim, the dimensionality of the space of appearance changes due to lighting variations is empirically investigated. It is concluded that a low-dimensional lighting model is sufficient even for surfaces with sharp specularities or cast shadows, as these can be treated as outliers. It is then shown that surface normals can be recovered up to an undetermined $3\times 3$ transformation by performing singular value decomposition on the image set. Several methods are explored for determining this matrix, including use of a prototype model, and use of the integrability constraint. This allows surface geometry, albedo, and light-source direction to be determined. Finally, an algorithm is developed for recovery of shape and albedo from a set of images taken from different viewpoints. This algorithm uses both shading information and geometric disparity to determine shape. Key use is made of a prototype shape model to give an initial estimate of the correspondence of points in the several images. This algorithm is demonstrated on synthetic images.
A dual-band hiperLAN/2-based architecture for indoor hotspot applications (2006)

The 1ST BroadWay project, [M. de Courville et al., June 2002], introduces the ad-hoc networking paradigm in the traditional 5 GHz HiperLAN/2. The ad-hoc networking paradigm is employed at the 60 GHz frequency band, which allows for a high transmission rate communication. The dual mode of operation primarily aims at offloading the 5 GHz HiperLAN/2 cell in very dense urban deployments (high traffic needs and number of users), while the peculiarities of the BroadWay system induce modifications on the existing HiperLAN/2 system and make the development of a routing scheme a rather challenging task. The centralized ad-hoc network architecture (CANA) is described as a means to efficiently support multimedia applications that require very high bit rates in low mobility environments; several ad-hoc specific functionalities are included such as neighborhood discovery, clustering and route selection. BroadWay introduces modifications to the MAC of HiperLAN/2 regarding new messages and framing considerations at both frequency bands to cater for the new requirements imposed by the dual mode of operation.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity Evaluation of 3-Hetaryl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-ones. An Unusual Fragmentation of the Oxazole Ring via 2,3-Selenoxide Shift (2001)

In continuing the studies on the synthesis and evaluation of antifungal activity of the analogues of (-)incrustoporine, the replacement of the phenyl moiety at C3 of the furanone ring with a hetaryl substituent was considered. Thus, a series of 5-alkyl-3-hetaryl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-ones with the thienyl, furyl and thiazolyl moieties attached to C3 was synthesized, and the compounds subjected to antifungal activity screening. In the preparation of compounds containing the oxazolyl fragment, the [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement led to the fragmentation of the oxazole ring, resulting in the formation of 3-(1-benzamido-2-oxoethylidene)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one. Somewhat surprisingly, the antifungal efficiency of the derivatives was lower in comparison with analogues containing a substituted phenyl at C3.
Synthesis of vanadium–alkylidene complexes and their use as catalysts for ring opening metathesis polymerization (2016)

Reported examples for synthesis of vanadium-alkylidene complexes and some selected reactions have been summarized. (Imido)vanadium(v)-alkylidene complexes exhibit catalytic activities for ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclic olefins; V(CHSiMe<sub>3</sub>)(N-2,6-Cl<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>)(OC<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)(PMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> exhibited remarkable catalytic activities for ROMPs of norbornene derivatives, polymerized cyclopentene and cis-cyclooctene. Highly cis-specific (living) ROMPs of norbornene have been achieved by V(CHSiMe<sub>3</sub>)(N-2,6-X<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>)[OC(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>](PMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (X = H, Cl), and the activity increased at high temperature (50 and 80 °C) without a decrease in cis specificity (98%) in the presence of PMe<sub>3</sub>.
Increased cell proliferation activity and decreased cell death are associated with the emergence of hormone-refractory recurrent prostate cancer (1997)

The tumour growth kinetics (cell proliferation and apoptosis) of ten hormone-refractory locally recurrent prostate cancers were compared with their matched untreated primary tumour specimens. All recurrent tumours had a higher cell proliferation activity, as defined by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry, than corresponding primary tumours from the same patients. The mean cell proliferation activity in recurrences (13.5 +/- 3.8 per cent) was over two times higher (P < 0.0001) than that in primary tumours (5.5 +/- 2.4 per cent), suggesting that cell clones which progress during androgen withdrawal are actively stimulated to proliferate. The mean percentage of apoptotic cells, as estimated by the in situ end-labelling technique, was 5.4 +/- 4.7 per cent in untreated primary tumours, whereas it was 2.3 +/- 1.5 per cent in locally recurrent tumours (P = 0.05). In all but two cases, the apoptotic index was lower in recurrent than in corresponding primary tumours, suggesting that recurrent prostate carcinomas are able to avoid apoptosis in the androgen-deprived environment. In conclusion, the clinical progression of prostate cancer during androgen withdrawal is associated with increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis.
Wave Propagation on MESFET Electrodes and its Influence on Transistor Gain (1987)

A rigorous analysis of wave propagation along MESFET electrodes is presented. Both the losses caused by the channel and those caused by the finite electrode conductivity are included, together with small-signal amplification. Results from this wave analysis are used to determine overall gain. Conclusions concerning traveling-wave FET design, optimal gate width and related criteria are drawn.
Silicon fabric for multi-functional applications (2013)

This paper reports a generic process flow to fabricate mechanically flexible and optically semi-transparent thermoelectric generators (TEGs), micro lithium-ion batteries (μLIB) and metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) on mono-crystalline silicon fabric platforms from standard bulk silicon (100) wafers. All the fabricated devices show outstanding mechanical flexibility and performance, making an important step towards monolithic integration of Energy Chip (self-powered devices) including energy harvesters and electronic devices on flexible platforms. We also report a recyclability process for the remaining bulk substrate after release, allowing us to achieve a low cost flexible platform for high performance applications.
La orografía de la lengua española en los EEUU. Primera parte: la variable demográfica (2005)

An antibody to tyrosine hydroxylase has been used in a correlated light and electron microscopic study to characterize dopaminergic neurons and synaptic junctions in three-dimensional reaggregate cell culture. Dissociated fetal mesencephalic cells containing dopamine neurons were coaggregated with dissociated fetal striatal cells in rotatory culture for 21 days. Sections of the coaggregates were stained by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique to reveal tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive structures. Clusters of immunoreactive perikarya as well as dendrites and axons were observed. Immunolabeled perikarya were round or oval and approximately 20 microns in diameter. Boutons immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase formed symmetric synapses, primarily with unlabeled dendritic shafts. Symmetric membrane specializations were also observed between tyrosine hydroxylase-positive boutons and unlabeled dendritic spines as well as with the perikaryon of an unlabeled medium-size neuron possessing a slightly indented nucleus. To characterize the neurochemical nature of the neurons postsynaptic to tyrosine hydroxylase-positive boutons in the reaggregates, an antibody against DARPP-32 (a dopamine and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein) and an antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase were employed to visualize striatal dopaminoceptive neurons and dopaminergic structures, respectively, in the same section. Examination of reaggregate sections at the light microscopic level demonstrated that DARPP-32-immunoreactive cells were distributed into discrete clusters that were associated with patches of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive axonal varicosities. Ultrastructural analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive boutons in such clusters revealed that dopaminergic axons synaptically contacted DARPP-32-immunoreactive neurons as well as unlabeled neuronal structures.
Chronic pancreatitis : proceedings of the 92nd Course of the International School of Medical Sciences : Erice, Italy, 14-15 October 1996 (1999)

Anatomy and pathology molecular and cell biology of the pancreas epidemiology and natural history experimental models of chronic pancreatitis pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis diagnosis treatment.
Adaptive QoS provisioning in wireless ad hoc networks: a semi-MDP approach (2005)

The paper presents a joint bandwidth allocation and buffer management scheme for QoS provisioning in a differentiated services framework on a wireless ad hoc network. Our proposed scheme models the system as a semi-Markov decision process (SMDP) and uses a novel model-free average reward reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that considers maximizing the average long term reward for our network and, at the same time, minimizing QoS violations with respect to bandwidth, queueing delay and buffer loss. Due to the nature of the provisioning problem of having continuous and multi-dimensional state and action spaces, we also present a novel function approximation technique (wire-fitted CMAC) that uses a linear tile-coding structure together with a wire-fitted interpolation. Using a linear approximator facilitates the convergence of our proposed RL algorithm. The wire-fitted CMAC also generalizes both the state and action values. Simulation results show the effectiveness and convergence of the proposed provisioning scheme with respect to the average long term reward.
10 Gbit/s high sensitivity, low-voltage-operationavalanche photodiodes with thin InAlAs multiplication layer and waveguide structure (2000)

The development of waveguide avalanche photodiodes with a very thin 0.1 µm multiplication layer for use in high-speed, high-sensitivity, low-voltage-operation receivers is presented. A η = 76%, a GB product of 180 GHz, and a breakdown voltage Vb of 15 V were obtained. The 10 Gbit/s bit error rate measurement showed a sensitivity of –28.8 dBm (BER 10-9, PRBS 223–1), which is the highest sensitivity yet reported for APD receivers.
Research and Development of Self-Adaptive Mobile Terminal Framework (2009)

Nowadays, the two major different categories of Web mobile terminal devices are mobile phone-type mobile devices of limited resource and personal mobile computers of "abundant" resource. In this paper, the self-adaptive terminal framework technology, providing supports for developers to efficiently carry out the development and application of the mobile Web suitable for both the mobile devices of limited resource and the personal mobile computer, are presented. The self-adaptive mobile framework technology, based on the WWW protocol and WAP model, makes use of technologies such as Filter, Dom4J, XSLT and Xpath by utilizing the existing successful open-source framework.
Instruction Folding for an Asynchronous Java Co-Processor (2005)

This paper presents a novel method for instruction folding in Java execution. The approach is to use an asynchronous co-processor for execution of Java bytecode. The folding is done in the same pipeline stage with instruction decoding. The co-processor is designed using asynchronous techniques to provide low power usage with reasonable performance. The co-processor can be used in a single CPU and single co-processor environment or in a network of multiple CPUs and co-processors. The co-processor does not need to know what kind of environment it is placed in, as all communication goes through an interface unit designed especially for that environment. This modularity of the design makes the co-processor more reusable and allows system level scalability. This work is a part of a project focusing on design of an advanced Java co-processor for Java intensive SoC applications.
A New Position and Speed Estimation Scheme for Position Control of PMSM Drives Using Low-Resolution Position Sensors (2019)

A new position control method for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive with a low-resolution encoder is proposed in this paper. Three binary Hall position sensors are utilized to realize a moderate-performance position control system for the consideration of economy and simplicity in servo application. Compared with sensorless control, the usage of binary Hall position sensors is a guarantee of both control performance and low cost. However, the low resolution of the Hall sensor will heavily deteriorate the accuracy of the position and speed calculation. Such drawback can be effectively minimized by using appropriate position and speed estimation schemes. With the help of polynomial fitting and state observer techniques, a solution is provided to realize semi-closed loop control by treating the position and speed estimators as separate systems. The performance can be improved (1) by proposing a polynomial fitting scheme with least squares method, high-resolution rotor-position predictor can be derived by fitting the predefined position data from binary Hall position sensors in a linear or quadratic manner; (2) by adopting the dual-sampling-rate observer, instantaneous speed can be estimated at each control cycle and the estimation error is corrected once a new measurement form the Hall arrives. Furthermore, a nonlinear position control algorithm is introduced to increase standstill stability. Extensive experimental results are given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method and its superiority over conventional methods.
NGF and GDNF differentially regulate TRPV1 expression that contributes to development of inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia (2004)

The transient receptor potential ion channel, TRPV1 plays an essential role in the development of inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia. We investigated the dependence of inflammatory TRPV1 induction on neurotrophic factor. Rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons were classified according to immunostaining for trk-A and IB4 and the effects of antibodies against NGF or GDNF on TRPV1 expression within the groups were then analysed by immunohistochemical means. The data were compared with the time course of trophic factor expression and the effects of their antibodies on thermal hyperalgesia against radiant heat after inflammation. Although the levels of both NGF and GDNF were increased by inflammation, NGF rapidly and transiently increased whereas GDNF increased gradually over a period of approximately one week. TRPV1 expression was increased within both trk-A positive and IB4 positive neurons after inflammation. Increased TRPV1 expression within trk-A positive neurons was prevented by anti-NGF but not by anti-GDNF, whereas TRPV1 induction within the IB4 positive group was blocked by anti-GDNF but not by anti-NGF. Both antibodies prevented the short latency of withdrawing an inflamed paw from radiant heat. These results suggest that inflammation differentially increases both NGF and GDNF, which facilitate TRPV1 expression within distinctive neurons to induce thermal hyperalgesia.
SPHEROPLASTS OF THE YEAST<i>CANDIDA UTILIS</i> (1961)

Svihla, G. (Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Ill.), F. Schlenk, and J. L. Dainko. Spheroplasts of the yeast Candida utilis. J. Bacteriol. 82:808-814. 1961.-The formation and properties of spheroplasts of the yeast Candida utilis, produced by digestion of the cell walls with snail gut juice (Helix pomatia) in isotonic medium, were studied by phase, interference, and ultraviolet microscopy, and tracer techniques. Cells cultivated in the presence of l-methionine, S-methyl-l-methionine, and l-homocysteine (5 mumoles/ml) were more susceptible to enzyme action than ordinary cells. These cells contain increased amounts of S-adenosylmethionine in the vacuole which facilitates ultraviolet microscopy. Spheroplasts are stable in 0.6 m KCl containing 0.04 m phosphate, but are disintegrated by water, sonic vibration, or ultraviolet irradiation. Exposure in isotonic medium to 6 x 10(4) erg/mm(2) energy at 253 mmu breaks the cytoplasmic membrane and liberates the vacuole with membrane intact. The vacuolar membrane may be broken with about three times the initial dose of ultraviolet.
Recognition of the T Stem−Loop of a Pre-tRNA Substrate by the Ribozyme from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Ribonuclease P (1997)

The ribozyme from bacterial ribonuclease P (denoted P RNA) specifically recognizes the coaxially stacked T stem-loop and the acceptor stem of a tRNA substrate. This recognition is mediated primarily through tertiary interactions. At least four 2'-OH groups in the T stem-loop region have been implicated as direct contacts with Bacillus subtilis P RNA [Pan, T., et al. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 12510]. Effects of six single 2'-OH --> 2'-H substitutions and two base mutants of the G19-C56 tertiary interaction in tRNA on substrate binding (Kd) and the chemical step of the reaction (k2) have been determined using a tRNA(Phe) substrate containing a 2'-deoxy residue at the cleavage site. Our results show that at least five functional groups in the T stem-loop of tRNA directly participate in P RNA binding. They include the 2'-OH groups of residues 54, 56, 61, and 62 and possibly the 4-amino group of the conserved C56. The 2'-OHs of residues 54, 61, and 62 are positioned within the same minor groove due to stacking of the reverse Hoogsteen U54-A58 pair on the G53-C61 Watson-Crick pair in the T stem. This groove is extended to the 4-amino group of C56 through the tertiary structure of tRNA. We use the term "tertiary groove" to describe alignment of functional groups through tertiary folding of an RNA. The binding also includes the 2'-OH of nucleotide C56 which is not located in this tertiary groove. Assuming additivity, these five interactions can contribute 7.4 kcal/mol or 10(5)-fold in binding but only -0.5 kcal/mol or approximately 2-fold in chemistry at 37 degrees C. The P RNA binding site for the T stem-loop includes at least the previously identified A230 as well as the A130 in B. subtilis P RNA. The Kd and k2 data from the A130G mutant of B. subtilis P RNA suggest that A130 may be proximal to residue 56 in tRNA. These results show how the highly structured T stem-loop region in a pre-tRNA substrate is bound by the B. subtilis P RNA. This is among the first examples of how a nonhelical RNA structure can be recognized by another RNA through tertiary interactions.