gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Haemoglobin-derived iron-dependent hydroxyl radical formation in blood-induced joint damage: an in vitro study (2003)

Based on these results we hypothesize that IL-1beta produced by activated monocytes/macrophages increases the production of hydrogen peroxide by chondrocytes. This in combination with haemoglobin-derived iron from the RBC will result in the formation of hydroxyl radicals in the vicinity of chondrocytes. This mechanism may result in chondrocyte damage and as such be involved in blood-induced cartilage damage.
Automotive augmented reality 3D head-up display based on light-field rendering with eye-tracking (2020)

We explore the feasibility of implementing stereoscopy-based 3D images with an eye-tracking-based light-field display and actual head-up display optics for automotive applications. We translate the driver's eye position into the virtual eyebox plane via a "light-weight" equation to replace the actual optics with an effective lens model, and we implement a light-field rendering algorithm using the model-processed eye-tracking data. Furthermore, our experimental results with a prototype closely match our ray-tracing simulations in terms of designed viewing conditions and low-crosstalk margin width. The prototype successfully delivers virtual images with a field of view of 10° × 5° and static crosstalk of <1.5%.
A Monoclonal Antibody Specific to Human Myxovirus Resistance Protein A (2010)

Recombinant human myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) was successfully expressed by an Escherichia coli expression system. After immunization and cell fusion, a mouse hybridoma (3C2) producing MAbs to MxA was established. Hybridoma 3C2 was further characterized using indirect ELISA, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescent staining, and immunoprecipitation. The ELISA results showed that the titer of 3C2 was between 1:6400 and 1:12800 in ascitic fluids. The isotype of the monoclonal antibody was tested to be IgG1kappa. 3C2 can also specifically recognize human MxA protein in various formats by Western blot analysis, immunofluorescent staining, and immunoprecipitation assay. We further demonstrated that 3C2 could be used to detected MxA expression induce by type I interferon in A549 cell line and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by Western blot in a dose-dependent manner.
Lowered Blood Carotenoid Levels in Chickens Infected with Coccidia (1974)

Chickens infected with any one of the six major species of chicken coccidia had lower levels of blood carotenoids (plasma pigmentation) than did uninoculated control birds. The species were Eimeria acervulina, E. mivati, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. brunetti, or E. tenella. Carotenoids decreased as early as 4 days postinoculation (PI) (E. acervulina), but returned to a normal level by 14 days PI (E. mivati, E. acervulina, and E. tenella). The maximum decrease occurred at 7 or 8 days PI in all species and was 49.8% with E. tenella and 62.4%-74.0% with the five intestinal species. Additional studies with E. tenella, E. acervulina, and E. brunetti indicated that the magnitude of the decrease was related to the number of oocysts given within any one species. Increasing oocyst number also resulted in a more rapid reduction of longer duration in carotenoid levels.
Revision of the Genus Pandanus Stickman, Part 22. A New Species (Section Hombronia) from New Caledonia (1967)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
<title>Three-dimensional reconstruction of coronary arteries using more than two projections</title> (1990)

Three-dimensional reconstruction of coronary arteries from two views often encounters problems such as vessel overlapping and foreshortening (high inclination) in images and points mismatching between two views. These problems restrict the reconstruction accuracy and often cause erroneous results. Based on a two-view algorithm we have developed techniques to incorporate more than two views into the reconstruction. We demonstrate that inclusion of the additional information helps to uniquely match points among views and increases chances that a point can be clearly seen and accurately measured in at least two views. The reconstruction accuracy is consequently improved.
Characteristics of a Galactose-adapted Sugarcane Cell Line Grown in Suspension Culture (1978)

Although d-galactose is normally toxic to sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) cells, a cell line that grows on 100 mm galactose has been propagated. Nonadapted cells in a medium containing galactose instead of sucrose accumulate UDP-galactose; these cells also have much lower UDP-galactose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) activity than do adapted cells. This enzyme may determine whether or not galactose will cause toxicity symptoms to develop. The growth rate of galactose-adapted cells is similar to most cell lines on several other carbohydrates. The galactose-adapted cells are also similar to sucrose stock cells in cell wall composition and sugar phosphate concentrations, but, like the nonadapted cells, accumulate free galactose.
Differential rates of replacement of human dermal dendritic cells and macrophages during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2009)

Animal models of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been used to analyze the turnover of bone marrow-derived cells and to demonstrate the critical role of recipient antigen-presenting cells (APC) in graft versus host disease (GVHD). In humans, the phenotype and lineage relationships of myeloid-derived tissue APC remain incompletely understood. It has also been proposed that the risk of acute GVHD, which extends over many months, is related to the protracted survival of certain recipient APC. Human dermis contains three principal subsets of CD45(+)HLA-DR(+) cells: CD1a(+)CD14(-) DC, CD1a(-)CD14(+) DC, and CD1a(-)CD14(+)FXIIIa(+) macrophages. In vitro, each subset has characteristic properties. After transplantation, both CD1a(+) and CD14(+) DC are rapidly depleted and replaced by donor cells, but recipient macrophages can be found in GVHD lesions and may persist for many months. Macrophages isolated from normal dermis secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Although they stimulate little proliferation of naive or memory CD4(+) T cells, macrophages induce cytokine expression in memory CD4(+) T cells and activation and proliferation of CD8(+) T cells. These observations suggest that dermal macrophages and DC are from distinct lineages and that persistent recipient macrophages, although unlikely to initiate alloreactivity, may contribute to GVHD by sustaining the responses of previously activated T cells.
Gangliosides as neurotrophic agents: studies on the mechanism of action. (1990)

During the normal course of neuronal differentiation gangliosides undergo marked changes in both quantity and quality. These changes, i.e. several-fold increase in concentration and appearance of the gangliotetraose family, have been observed both in vivo and in neuronal cell cultures. In addition to these naturally occurring (endogenous) manifestations, exogenously administered gangliosides have been observed to exert neuritogenic and/or neuronotrophic effects on a variety of neuroblastoma cell lines and primary neuronal culture systems. Unlike the endogenous effects, which appear to require gangliotetraose structures, the structural specificity of the exogenous effect is quite broad. Thus, all of 11 different gangliosides proved neuritogenic with neuro-2A neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, synthetic sialoglycolipids possessing a beta-ketosidic sialic acid linkage and/or a glyceride-like moiety in place of ceramide all caused enhanced neurite outgrowth in neuro-2A, PC12, and embryonic chick dorsal root ganglia. A derivative of GM1 lacking the negative charge was also active in the same 3 systems. These results point to general perturbation of the membrane, probably a physical-chemical effect, in a manner which triggers intracellular events leading to differentiation. In contrast to these in vitro results, use of the above GM1 derivative in two in vivo models proved ineffective in maintaining the level of cholinergic markers that were preserved by GM1 in lesioned brains. These results point to fundamentally different mechanism for the trophic effects of administered gangliosides in vivo and in vitro.
Competitive cyclopropanation and cross-metathesis reactions of alkenes catalysed by diruthenium tetrakis carboxylates (1988)

A. F. Noels, A. Demonceau, E. Carlier, A. J. Hubert, R. Márquez-Silva and R. A. Sánchez-Delgado, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 783 DOI: 10.1039/C39880000783
Substituted 2-Aminobenzimidazoles<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted 2-Aminobenzimidazoles1Lionel JosephCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 5, 601Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00341a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00341a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sequence of martensitic transformations in Ni-Mn-Ga alloys (1998)

The martensitic transformation sequence in two single crystalline Ni-Mn-Ga alloys with a martensite start temperature ${(M}_{s})$ of about 400 K has been investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis, calorimetry, dilatometry, three-point bending tests, and transmission electron microscopy. A two-step thermally induced martensitic transformation during cooling and one-step reverse transformation during heating have been found in both alloys, although involving different modulated martensitic phases in each of the alloys. In one of them, the first martensitic transformation leads to a martensitic phase having a commensurate modulated lattice characterized by a periodic stacking sequence of ten ${110{}}_{P}$ planes along the $〈110{〉}_{P}$ direction. On further cooling, a second transformation to a modulated martensite with a periodicity of seven planes has been observed. In the other alloy, the transformation sequence observed on cooling is from the parent phase to an eight-layered modulated martensite followed by a second transformation to a martensite having a tetragonal lattice $(c/a>1)$ without modulation.
Genome Analysis Reveals Pili in Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (2005)

Pili are essential virulence factors in many Gram-negative bacteria; however, they have not been described in most important Gram-positive pathogens. While screening the sequence of multiple genomes of Group B Streptococcus, we identified protective antigens that formed high molecular weight polymers. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed that the structures have a pilus-like form. These large structures have gone unrecognized in decades of studies of Group B Streptococcus.
<i>Alternaria</i> Induces STAT6-Dependent Acute Airway Eosinophilia and Epithelial FIZZ1 Expression That Promotes Airway Fibrosis and Epithelial Thickness (2012)

The fungal allergen, Alternaria, is specifically associated with severe asthma, including life-threatening exacerbations. To better understand the acute innate airway response to Alternaria, naive wild-type (WT) mice were challenged once intranasally with Alternaria. Naive WT mice developed significant bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia following Alternaria challenge when analyzed 24 h later. In contrast to Alternaria, neither Aspergillus nor Candida induced bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia. Gene microarray analysis of airway epithelial cell brushings demonstrated that Alternaria-challenged naive WT mice had a >20-fold increase in the level of expression of found in inflammatory zone 1 (FIZZ1/Retnla), a resistin-like molecule. Lung immunostaining confirmed strong airway epithelial FIZZ1 expression as early as 3 h after a single Alternaria challenge that persisted for ≥5 d and was significantly reduced in STAT6-deficient, but not protease-activated receptor 2-deficient mice. Bone marrow chimera studies revealed that STAT6 expressed in lung cells was required for epithelial FIZZ1 expression, whereas STAT6 present in bone marrow-derived cells contributed to airway eosinophilia. Studies investigating which cells in the nonchallenged lung bind FIZZ1 demonstrated that CD45(+)CD11c(+) cells (macrophages and dendritic cells), as well as collagen-1-producing CD45(-) cells (fibroblasts), can bind to FIZZ1. Importantly, direct administration of recombinant FIZZ1 to naive WT mice led to airway eosinophilia, peribronchial fibrosis, and increased thickness of the airway epithelium. Thus, Alternaria induces STAT6-dependent acute airway eosinophilia and epithelial FIZZ1 expression that promotes airway fibrosis and epithelial thickness. This may provide some insight into the uniquely pathogenic aspects of Alternaria-associated asthma.
Closing the U.S. gender wage gap requires understanding its heterogeneity (2018)

In 2016, the majority of full-time employed women in the U.S. earned significantly less than comparable men. The extent to which women were affected by gender inequality in earnings, however, depended greatly on socio-economic characteristics, such as marital status or educational attainment. In this paper, we analyzed data from the 2016 American Community Survey using a high-dimensional wage regression and applying double lasso to quantify heterogeneity in the gender wage gap. We found that the gap varied substantially across women and was driven primarily by marital status, having children at home, race, occupation, industry, and educational attainment. We recommend that policy makers use these insights to design policies that will reduce discrimination and unequal pay more effectively.
Webly Supervised Learning of Convolutional Networks (2015)

We present an approach to utilize large amounts of web data for learning CNNs. Specifically inspired by curriculum learning, we present a two-step approach for CNN training. First, we use easy images to train an initial visual representation. We then use this initial CNN and adapt it to harder, more realistic images by leveraging the structure of data and categories. We demonstrate that our two-stage CNN outperforms a fine-tuned CNN trained on ImageNet on Pascal VOC 2012. We also demonstrate the strength of webly supervised learning by localizing objects in web images and training a R-CNN style [19] detector. It achieves the best performance on VOC 2007 where no VOC training data is used. Finally, we show our approach is quite robust to noise and performs comparably even when we use image search results from March 2013 (pre-CNN image search era).
Mechanism Generation with Integrated Pressure Dependence:  A New Model for Methane Pyrolysis (2003)

Autocatalytic, lower-temperature (≤1100 K) methane pyrolysis has defied mechanistic explanation for almost three decades. The most recent attempt (by Dean in 1990) invoked the chemically activated addition of an allyl radical to acetylene, leading to a cyclopentadiene/cyclopentadienyl chain-branching system that prompted the observed autocatalysis. However, newer, more accurate thermochemical data for the cyclopentadienyl radical render that explanation untenable. A new model for methane pyrolysis is constructed here, using a novel mechanism generation approach that automatically computes any needed rate constants k(T,P) for chemically or thermally activated pressure-dependent reactions. The computer-generated mechanism accurately predicts the observed autocatalysis and concentration profiles without any adjustable parameters. Radical-forming reverse disproportionation reactionswhich involve propyne, allene, and fulveneaccount for at least half of the experimentally observed autocatalytic effect. Many of these reverse disproportionations were neglected in previous studies. The cyclopentadienyl radical is also important, but it is formed primarily by the chemically activated reaction of propargyl with acetylene. New rate estimates for unimolecular ring-closure reactions of unsaturated radicals are also presented. This approach is the first to incorporate pressure-dependent reactions generally and systematically during computerized mechanism construction. It successfully identifies complex but critical chemical-reaction pathways and autocatalytic loops missed by experienced kineticists.
RNA polymerase II initiation factor α from rat liver is almost identical to human TFIIB (1992)

Journal Article RNA polymerase II initiation factor α from rat liver is almost identical to human TFIIB Get access Akio Tsuboi, Akio Tsuboi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Krista Conger, Krista Conger Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Karla Pfeil Garrett, Karla Pfeil Garrett 1Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma City, OK 73104, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ronald C. Conaway, Ronald C. Conaway 1Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma City, OK 73104, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joan Weliky Conaway, Joan Weliky Conaway 1Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma City, OK 73104, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Naoko Arai Naoko Arai Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 12, 25 June 1992, Page 3250, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.12.3250 Published: 25 June 1992 Article history Accepted: 09 May 1992 Published: 25 June 1992
Electrical stimulation of cardiac tissue: a bidomain model with active membrane properties (1994)

Numerical calculations simulated the response of cardiac muscle to stimulation by electrical current. The bidomain model with unequal anisotropy ratios represented the tissue, and parallel leak and active sodium channels represented the membrane conductance. The speed of the wavefront was faster in the direction parallel to the myocardial fibers than in the direction perpendicular to them. However, for cathodal stimulation well above threshold, the wavefront originated farther from the cathode in the direction perpendicular to the myocardial fibers than in the direction parallel to them, consistent with observations of a dog-bone-shaped virtual cathode made by Wikswo et al., Circ. Res. 68:513-530, 1991. The model showed that the virtual cathode size and shape were dependent upon both membrane and tissue conductivities. Increasing the peak sodium conductance or reducing the transverse intracellular conductivity accentuated the dog-bone shape, while the opposite change caused the virtual cathode to become more elliptical, with the major axis of the ellipse transverse to the fiber direction. A cathodal stimulus created regions of hyperpolarization that slowed conduction of the wavefront propagating parallel to the fibers. An anodal stimulus evoked a wavefront with a complex shape; activation originated from two depolarized regions 1 to 2 mm from the stimulus site along the fiber direction. The threshold current strength (0.5 ms duration pulse) for a cathodal stimulus was 0.048 mA, and for an anodal stimulus was 0.67 mA. When the model was modified to simulate the effect of electropermeabilization, which may be present when the transmembrane potential reaches very large values near the stimulating electrode, our qualitative conclusions remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<i>In Vivo</i>Flow Cytometry of Circulating Tumor-Associated Exosomes (2016)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) demonstrated the potential as prognostic markers of metastatic development. However, the incurable metastasis can already be developed at the time of initial diagnosis with the existing CTC assays. Alternatively, tumor-associated particles (CTPs) including exosomes can be a more valuable prognostic marker because they can be released from the primary tumor long before CTCs and in larger amount. However, little progress has been made in high sensitivity detection of CTPs, especially <i>in vivo</i>. We show here that <i>in vivo</i> integrated photoacoustic (PA) and fluorescence flow cytometry (PAFFC) platform can provide the detection of melanoma and breast-cancer-associated single CTPs with endogenously expressed melanin and genetically engineered proteins or exogenous dyes as PA and fluorescent contrast agents. The two-beam, time-of-light PAFFC can measure the sizes of CTCs and CTPs and identify bulk and rolling CTCs and CTC clusters, with no influence on blood flow instability. This technique revealed a higher concentration of CTPs than CTCs at an early cancer stage. Because a single tumor cell can release many CTPs and <i>in vivo</i> PAFFC can examine the whole blood volume, PAFFC diagnostic platform has the potential to dramatically improve (up to 10<sup>5</sup>-fold) the sensitivity of cancer diagnosis.
Immune responses that adapt the intestinal mucosa to commensal intestinal bacteria (2005)

Animals contain an enormous load of non-pathogenic bacteria in the lower intestine, which exploit an environment with a stable temperature and abundant carbon sources. Our load of bacteria outnumbers our own cells. In order to survive with such a high number of organisms in very close proximity to host tissues the intestinal mucosa and its immune system is highly adapted. Mucosal immune responses are induced by small numbers of live commensal organisms penetrating the Peyer's patches and persisting in dendritic cells (DC). These DC can induce immunoglobulin A+ (IgA+) B cells, which recirculate through the lymph and bloodstream to populate the lamina propria and secrete protective IgA. Because DC loaded with commensal bacteria do not penetrate further than the mesenteric lymph nodes, immune induction to commensals is confined to the mucosa, allowing strong mucosal immune responses to be induced whilst the systemic immune system remains relatively ignorant of these organisms.