gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin-Polarized Intergrain Tunneling in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>MnO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1996)

The magnetoresistance (MR) and the field dependent magnetization have been systematically examined in the low temperature ferromagnetic metallic state of single crystal and polycrystalline ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$. We find that the intrinsic negative MR in single crystal is due to the suppression of spin fluctuations, and magnetic domain boundaries do not dominate the scattering process. In contrast, we demonstrate that the MR in the polycrystalline samples exhibits two distinct regions: large MR at low fields dominated by spin-polarized tunneling between grains and high field MR which is remarkably temperature independent from 5 to 280 K.
Pharmacokinetics of vitamin C: insights into the oral and intravenous administration of ascorbate. (2008)

There is a strong advocacy movement for large doses of vitamin C. Some authors argue that the biological half-life for vitamin C at high plasma levels is about 30 minutes, but these reports are the subject of some controversy. NIH researchers established the current RDA based upon tests conducted 12 hours (24 half lives) after consumption. The dynamic flow model refutes the current low-dose recommendations for dietary intakes and links Pauling's mega-dose suggestions with other reported effects of massive doses of ascorbate for the treatment of disease. Although, a couple of controlled clinical studies conducted at The Mayo Clinic did not support a significant benefit for terminal cancer patients after 10 grams of once-a-day oral vitamin C, other clinical trials have demonstrated that ascorbate may indeed be effective against tumors when administered intravenously. Recent studies confirmed that plasma vitamin C concentrations vary substantially with the route of administration. Only by intravenous administration, the necessary ascorbate levels to kill cancer cells are reached in both plasma and urine. Because the efficacy of vitamin C treatment cannot be judged from clinical trials that use only oral dosing, the role of vitamin C in cancer treatment should be reevaluated. One limitation of current studies is that pharmacokinetic data at high intravenous doses of vitamin C are sparse, particularly in cancer patients. This fact needs prompt attention to understand the significance of intravenous vitamin C administration. This review describes the current state-of-the-art in oral and intravenous vitamin C pharmacokinetics. In addition, the governmental recommendations of dose and frequency of vitamin C intake will also be addressed.
Development of Small-Molecule CO2 Thickeners (2014)

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 169039, ’Development of Small-Molecule CO2 Thickeners for EOR and Fracturing,’ by J.J. Lee, S. Cummings, A. Dhuwe, R.M. Enick, and E.J. Beckman, University of Pittsburgh, and R. Perry, M. Doherty, and M. O'Brien, General Electric Global Research, prepared for the 2014 SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, 12-16 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The ideal carbon dioxide (CO2) thickener would be an affordable, safe, water-insoluble additive that could dissolve in CO2 at typical wellhead and reservoir conditions during CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and elevate the viscosity of CO2 to the same value as that of the oil. Further, the additive would not require heating or an organic cosolvent to achieve dissolution. In this paper, a strategy for designing a novel small-molecule CO2 thickener is detailed. Introduction Despite its longstanding success as an EOR technique, CO2 flooding does not recover all of the oil in the formation regardless of whether the reservoir has been waterflooded previously. Typically, primary recovery results in the production of approximately 5–15% of the original oil in place (OOIP), while secondary recovery is responsible for an additional 20–40% of OOIP. The fundamental causes of this disappointingly low oil recovery can be traced to the density and viscosity of dense CO2. First, the low density of high-pressure CO2 relative to oil promotes gravity override of the CO2, reducing oil recovery in the lower portions of the formation. Second, the viscosity of dense liquid or supercritical CO2 at typical CO2- flooding conditions is approximately 0.05–0.10 cp, a value so much lower than typical oil- and brine-viscosity values that it results in an unfavorable mobility ratio. This leads to viscous fingering, which in turn leads to early CO2 breakthrough, high CO2-usage ratios, delayed CO2 production, depressed oil-production rates, and low-percent OOIP recovery. These problems can be worse when the injection well is completed in two or more producing zones.
Degree of polarization in anisotropic single-mode optical fibers: Theory (1982)

The degree of polarization for propagation waves in anisotropic single-mode fibers is formulated in terms of light source spectrum, incident polarization condition, and fiber parameters. The polarization degree deterioration is based on the incident wave split into two eigenpolarization modes inherent in the fiber. Since the two eigenpolarization modes have different group velocities from each other, the degree of polarization is degraded when both of the modes are excited. Polarization degree is preserved when only one of the eigen-polarization modes is excited. The degradation is determined by the mutual correlation function γ, between the two modes, which depends on the light source spectra, fiber polarization dispersion, and fiber length.
[Radiation-induced cutaneo-muscular fibrosis (III): major therapeutic efficacy of liposomal Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase]. (1993)

Sub-cutaneous and muscular fibrosis are common and irreversible late effect of radiation on normal tissues. An experiment was designed to test the effectiveness of superoxide dismutase in reducing late radiation injury. This study was performed in an experimental porcine model of acute localized gamma irradiation simulating human accidental overexposure: 12 Large White pigs were irradiated on the thigh with a collimated gamma 192Ir source, so that the dose was 160 Gy/skin (100%) and 40 Gy/2 cm depth (25%). In this model, fibrosis appears in 4 to 5 months. The heterogeneous sclerotic tissue is composed of stable fibrotic areas poorly cellularized and active areas with a high density of myofibroblasts and inflammatory perifibrotic part. Lipsod administration modalities were six intramuscular injections during 3 weeks (twice weekly) either 10 mg/inj (five pigs) or of 100 mg/inj (five pigs). A methodic evaluation by two examiners consisted of measurements being taken before and after treatment: sum of the two largest perpendicular measurable dimensions, cutaneous projected surface of palpated fibrotic block, ultrasound fibrosis deepness and extrapolated volume. We conclude that Lipsod is the first drug ever described that reduces radiation-induced fibrosis. Its efficacy in this model was highly significant, with a regression higher than 40% in size and 70% in surface and volume, 12 weeks after the end of treatment. This response was rapid, reproducible without dose-effect or toxicity in the limits studied. This work confirms previously published results in humans.
Web Services Routing Protocol (WS-Routing) (2001)

Web Services Routing Protocol (WS-Routing) is a SOAP-based, stateless protocol for exchanging one-way SOAP messages from an initial sender to the ultimate receiver, potentially via a set of intermediaries. In addition, WS-Routing provides an optional
A model for predicting acoustic material signatures (1979)

Unique acoustic material signatures (AMS) may be obtained in the reflection acoustic microscope. The proposed model shows that they result from interference between two components reradiated into the immerson fluid at the materials critical Rayleigh angle ϑR. The characteristic period ΔzN of this interference signature varies as the square of the Rayleigh wave velocity and is empirically given by ΔzN=λR/sinϑR, where λR is the Rayleigh wavelength. Materials covering a greater than 3 : 1 velocity range agree well with this physical model. Substitution of the longitudinal wave velocity in the expression extends the range of measurable AMS to acoustically slower materials. A variety of applications for AMS is suggested.
Rapid Universal Identification of Bacterial Pathogens from Clinical Cultures by Using a Novel Sloppy Molecular Beacon Melting Temperature Signature Technique (2009)

A real-time PCR assay with the ability to rapidly identify all pathogenic bacteria would have widespread medical utility. Current real-time PCR technologies cannot accomplish this task due to severe limitations in multiplexing ability. To this end, we developed a new assay system which supports very high degrees of multiplexing. We developed a new class of mismatch-tolerant "sloppy" molecular beacons, modified them to provide an extended hybridization range, and developed a multiprobe, multimelting temperature (T(m)) signature approach to bacterial species identification. Sloppy molecular beacons were exceptionally versatile, and they were able to generate specific T(m) values for DNA sequences that differed by as little as one nucleotide to as many as 23 polymorphisms. Combining the T(m) values generated by several probe-target hybrids resulted in T(m) signatures that served as highly accurate sequence identifiers. Using this method, PCR assays with as few as six sloppy molecular beacons targeting bacterial 16S rRNA gene segments could reproducibly classify 119 different sequence types of pathogenic and commensal bacteria, representing 64 genera, into 111 T(m) signature types. Blinded studies using the assay to identify the bacteria present in 270 patient-derived clinical cultures including 106 patient blood cultures showed a 95 to 97% concordance with conventional methods. Importantly, no bacteria were misidentified; rather, the few species that could not be identified were classified as "indeterminate," resulting in an assay specificity of 100%. This approach enables highly multiplexed target detection using a simple PCR format that can transform infectious disease diagnostics and improve patient outcomes.
Immunization of Atlantic salmon against the salmon louse: identification of antigens and effects on louse fecundity (1995)

Injection of extracts derived from adult caligid copepods induced a partial immunity to Lepeophtheirus salmonis in Atlantic salmon. Antigens were derived from the supernatant of adult lice extracts and were partially purified by Con A affinity chromatography. The antigens were also present in the pellet derived from adult lice extracts, Immunohistochemistry showed that antibodies present in the serum of rats immunized with the Con A purified extract bound predominantly to the gut of L. salmonis. Components of apparent sizes > 205 000, 165 000, 133 000, 130 000, 125 000, 114 000, 110 000, 96 000, 82 000, 78 000, 65 000, 46 000, 35 000, 31 000 and < 29 000 were present in the extract. Although the numbers of attached lice were initially higher on those fish in the immunized group, throughout the course of the challenge experiment the total numbers of lice did not vary greatly between the immunized or control groups of fish. Initially, an overall average of about 17 attached stages were recorded from each fish sampled and by the end of the experiment this figure had fallen to about five adult lice per fish. However, compared with control fish fewer gravid female lice were present on immunized fish and furthermore these lice possessed fewer eggs (P<0.01). No major differences in egg hatching success were recorded. Further exploitation of this would require the isolation and purification of the antigens responsible for the observed effects. The possibilities for the development of a salmon louse vaccine are promising.
Possible association between celiac disease and bacterial transglutaminase in food processing: a hypothesis (2015)

The incidence of celiac disease is increasing worldwide, and human tissue transglutaminase has long been considered the autoantigen of celiac disease. Concomitantly, the food industry has introduced ingredients such as microbial transglutaminase, which acts as a food glue, thereby revolutionizing food qualities. Several observations have led to the hypothesis that microbial transglutaminase is a new environmental enhancer of celiac disease. First, microbial transglutaminase deamidates/transamidates glutens such as the endogenous human tissue transglutaminase. It is capable of crosslinking proteins and other macromolecules, thereby changing their antigenicity and resulting in an increased antigenic load presented to the immune system. Second, it increases the stability of protein against proteinases, thus diminishing foreign protein elimination. Infections and the crosslinked nutritional constituent gluten and microbial transglutaminase increase the permeability of the intestine, where microbial transglutaminases are necessary for bacterial survival. The resulting intestinal leakage allows more immunogenic foreign molecules to induce celiac disease. The increased use of microbial transglutaminase in food processing may promote celiac pathogenesis ex vivo, where deamidation/transamidation starts, possibly explaining the surge in incidence of celiac disease. If future research substantiates this hypothesis, the findings will affect food product labeling, food additive policies of the food industry, and consumer health education.
SOX17 antagonizes WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (2010)

SRY-box containing gene 17 (SOX17) was reported to be indispensable for embryonic development and a candidate tumor suppressor gene which antagonizes the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. In this study, we investigated the function and epigenetic regulation of SOX17 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DNA methylation of SOX17 was analyzed in 62 human HCC tissues and HCC cell lines by MSP. A role as a tumor suppressor gene was evaluated by colony formation assay and regulation of WNT/β-catenin signal pathway by SOX17 was determined by IHC and luciferase reporter assay. DNA methylation of the SOX17 promoter region occurs in 82% of HCC tissues and is associated with nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Restoration of SOX17 inhibits HepG2 colony formation and β-catenin/TCF-dependent transcription with the presence of HMG box in SOX17. In conclusion, SOX17 negatively regulates canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and inhibits human HCC cells growth, providing an explanation for the loss of expression by epigenetic mechanisms in these tumors.
Development of an Ultrasonic Brake (2007)

In the present paper, a newly developed ultrasonic brake is proposed. The ultrasonic brake can solve problems of conventional passive elements, such as time delay, instability, and large size, by using unique characteristics of ultrasonic motor, as fast response, silent motion, and non-magnetic feature. It can also be designed to be smaller than conventional elements due to its simple structure. The brake locks or releases the rotor by use of ultrasonic levitation phenomenon. First, we have designed the structure of the ultrasonic brake using an equation of ultrasonic levitation phenomenon, results from structural analysis and finite element (FE) analysis of piezoelectric material of the vibrator. Then we have manufactured the ultrasonic brake and have conducted a driving experiment. Finally, we have demonstrated that the maximum levitation force is around 40 N and the friction torque of the ultrasonic brake is up to 0.38 Nm. Moreover, we have confirmed that both response time and torque/inertia ratio of the ultrasonic brake are much more superior to the conventional ones.
Reverse pillar and maskless contact-two novel recessed metal schemes and their comparisons to conventional VLSI metallization schemes (2003)

Two novel metallization schemes, reverse pillar and maskless contact, based on the recessed metal approach, are discussed. The reverse-pillar process offers a self-aligned headless contact for optimum layout. The maskless contact scheme removes the need for a contact lithographic step. The schemes are compared to the conventional metallization schemes. Both the advantages and disadvantage of the schemes are discussed. Both schemes offer the advantages of planarization and easy integration into standard multilevel metal approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermally stable ohmic contacts to <i>p</i>-type GaAs. IX. NiInW and NiIn(Mn)W contact metals (1991)

Thermally stable, low-resistance p-type ohmic contacts have been developed by depositing NiInW metals on GaAs substrates in which Be and F were coimplanted. The contacts provided resistances of about 1.4 Ω mm after annealing at temperatures in the range of 300–800 °C for short times. The electrical properties did not deteriorate after annealing at 400 °C for more than 100 h, which far exceeds the requirements for current GaAs device fabrication. The present study demonstrated for the first time that thermally stable, low-resistance ohmic contacts to both n- and p-type GaAs can be fabricated using the same metallurgy. In addition, NiInW ohmic contacts were prepared by simultaneous (one-step) annealing for ion-implant activation and contact formation, which simplifies significantly the device fabrication process. A factor-of-2 reduction of the contact resistances was achieved by slight etching of the GaAs surface prior to the contact metal deposition so that the metal/GaAs interface contacted the peak position of the Be concentration in the GaAs substrate. Another method used to reduce the contact resistance was to add a small amount of Mn to the NiInW metals: the resistance decreased with increasing amounts of Mn. The contacts had smooth morphology and shallow depth, less than 70 nm, which is desirable for very-large-scale integration device application.
An examination of generation fertility in England and Wales (1955)

Abstract Generation reproduction rates for England and Wales, similar to the conventional net reproduction rate but based on the mortality and fertility experienced by a group of women born in the same period, are examined for women born in periods from 1841 to 1931. The fertility achievement of each generation is related in a simple manner to what is effectively the proportion of women marrying and the ages at which they married. This shows quantitatively the growing tendency to concentrate family building into the early years of married life. An attempt is made to “predict” fertility in England and Wales in the near future, some allowance being made for the unprecedented rise in marriage rates since i 938. The very tentative conclusion drawn is that current “habits” as to marriage and fertility in England and Wales represent a reproduction level just short of full replacement.
PCR-derived ssDNA Probes for Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization to HIV-1 RNA (2000)

We developed a simple and rapid technique to synthesize single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes for fluorescent in situ hybridization (ISH) to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) RNA. The target HIV-1 regions were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were simultaneously labeled with dUTP. This product served as template for an optimized asymmetric PCR (one-primer PCR) that incorporated digoxigenin (dig)-labeled dUTP. The input DNA was subsequently digested by uracil DNA glycosylase, leaving intact, single-stranded, digoxigenin-labeled DNA probe. A cocktail of ssDNA probes representing 55% of the HIV-1 genome was hybridized to HIV-1-infected 8E5 T-cells and uninfected H9 T-cells. For comparison, parallel hybridizations were done with a plasmid-derived RNA probe mix covering 85% of the genome and a PCR-derived RNA probe mix covering 63% of the genome. All three probe types produced bright signals, but the best signal-to-noise ratios and the highest sensitivities were obtained with the ssDNA probe. In addition, the ssDNA probe syntheses generated large amounts of probe (0.5 to 1 microg ssDNA probe per synthesis) and were easier to perform than the RNA probe syntheses. These results suggest that ssDNA probes may be preferable to RNA probes for fluorescent ISH. (J Histochem Cytochem 48:285-293, 2000)
Efficiency through Eavesdropping: Link-layer Packet Caching (2018)

The broadcast nature of wireless networks is the source of both their utility and much of their complexity. To turn what would otherwise be unwanted interference into an advantage, this paper examines an entirely backwardscompatible extension to the 802.11 link-layer protocol for making use of overheard packets, called RTS-id. RTS-id operates by augmenting the standard 802.11 RTS/CTS process with a packet ID check, so that if the receiver of an RTS message has already received the packet in question, it can inform the sender and bypass the data transmission entirely. We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of RTS-id on a real hardware platform that provides a DSP-programmable 802.11 radio. While limited in scale due to restricted availability of the CalRadio platform, our testbed experiments demonstrate that RTS-id can reduce air time usage by 25.2% in simple 802.11b infrastructure deployments on real hardware, even when taking into account all of the protocol overhead. Additionally, we present trace-based simulations demonstrating the potential savings on the MIT Roofnet mesh network. In particular, RTS-id provides a 12% decrease in the number of expected data transmissions for a median path, and over 25% reduction for more than 10% of Roofnet paths.
Implementation of agent based holonic control in discrete manufacturing (2013)

The present paper is aimed at implementation of agent based holonic manufacturing control, a Distributed Problem Solving (DPS) approach that relies on the principle of dynamic team formation through negotiation and cooperation by a group of intelligent system entities. A holonic system comprising product holon, resource holon, and integrated process planning and scheduling holon is developed to execute a customer order where negotiation based task allocation and scheduling is accomplished by Contract Net Protocol (CNP). The bids submitted by the resources are evaluated by Simple Additive Weight (SAW) technique under Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making (FMCDM) environment. The priority of the products is established by the critical ratios (CR) to form the basis of scheduling rule. The necessary message based communication is accomplished using eXtensible Markup Language (XML) having specific Document Type Definition (DTD). The control is implemented by Linux operating system with Java.
Free Glycogen in Vaginal Fluids Is Associated with Lactobacillus Colonization and Low Vaginal pH (2014)

These findings show that free glycogen in genital fluid is associated with a genital microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus, suggesting glycogen is important for maintaining genital health. Treatments aimed at increasing genital free glycogen might impact Lactobacillus colonization.