gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of RNA phage <i>fr</i> coat protein assembly by insertion, deletion and substitution mutagenesis (1993)

A structure-function analysis of the icosahedral RNA bacteriophage fr coat protein (CP) assembly was undertaken using linker-insertion, deletion and substitution mutagenesis. Mutations were specifically introduced into either pre-existing or artificially created restriction enzyme sites within fr CP gene expressed in Escherichia coli from a recombinant plasmid. This directs synthesis of wild type protein that undergoes self-assembly and forms capsid-like particles indistinguishable morphologically and immunologically from native phage particles. A series of fr CP variants containing sequence alterations in the regions which are (i) exposed on the external surface of capsid or (ii) located on the contacting areas between CP subunits were obtained and their assembly properties investigated. The majority of mutants demonstrated reduction of assembly ability and formed either CP dimers (mutations at residues 2, 10, 63 or 129) or both dimer and capsid structures (residue 2 or 69). The exceptions were variants demonstrating normal assembly and containing insertions at residues 2, 50 or 129 of the fr CP. A third type of assembled structure was formed by a variant with a single amino acid substitution I104T. The alpha A-helix region (residues 97-111) is particularly sensitive to mutation and any alteration in this region decreases accumulation of mutant protein in E. coli. The relative contributions of particular fr CP domains in maintenance of capsid structural integrity as well as the possible capsid assembly mechanism are discussed.
Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot. (2007)

Placebo-controlled trials of allylamines and azoles for athlete's foot consistently produce much higher percentages of cure than placebo. Allylamines cure slightly more infections than azoles and are now available OTC. Further research into the effectiveness of antifungal agents for nail infections is required.
Fluorous ethers (2015)

Fluorous ethers, having one or more fluorous ponytails containing longer and shorter F(C<sub>x</sub>F<sub>2x</sub>)-perfluoroalkyl substituent(s) where <italic>x</italic> ≥ 6 or <italic>x</italic> = 1–5, respectively, were reviewed including some of their basic properties, synthesis and selected applications in chemical processes.
A Multistrategy Approach to Improving Pronunciation by Analogy (2000)

Pronunciation by analogy (PbA) is a data-driven method for relating letters to sound, with potential application to next-generation text-to-speech systems. This paper extends previous work on PbA in several directions. First, we have included “full” pattern matching between input letter string and dictionary entries, as well as including lexical stress in letter-to-phoneme conversion. Second, we have extended the method to phoneme-to-letter conversion. Third, and most important, we have experimented with multiple, different strategies for scoring the candidate pronunciations. Individual scores for each strategy are obtained on the basis of rank and either multiplied or summed to produce a final, overall score. Five strategies have been studied and results obtained from all 31 possible combinations. The two combination methods perform comparably, with the product rule only very marginally superior to the sum rule. Nonparametric statistical analysis reveals that performance improves as more strategies are included in the combination: this trend is very highly significant (p < 0:0005). Accordingly for letter-to-phoneme conversion, best results are obtained when all five strategies are combined: word accuracy is raised to 65.5% relative to 61.7% for our best previous result and 63.0% for the best-performing single strategy. These improvements are very highly significant (p ∼ 0 and p < 0:00011 respectively). Similar results were found for phoneme-to-letter and letter-to-stress conversion, although the former was an easier problem for PbA than letter-to-phoneme conversion and the latter was harder. The main sources of error for the multistrategy approach are very similar to those for the best single strategy, and mostly involve vowel letters and phonemes.
The discovery of indoxacarb: oxadiazines as a new class of pyrazoline-type insecticides (2001)

The evolution of the insecticidal pyrazoline moiety that was originally discovered in 1972 has led to the discovery of a new crop insecticide, indoxacarb, which is the first commercialized pyrazoline-type sodium-channel blocker. Both monocyclic and fused-tricyclic pyrazolines and pyridazines, as well as structurally related semicarbazones were examined prior to the discovery of analogous tricyclic oxadiazines which had similarly high activity as well as favorable environmental dissipation rates and low toxicity to non-target organisms. The eventual leading candidate, DPX-JW062, was originally obtained as a racemic molecule, but a chiral synthesis was developed which produces material that is 50% ee in the insecticidal (+)-S-enantiomer (DPX-MP062, indoxacarb).
Flexible Broncho-fiberscope (1969)

The rigid type bronchoscope which has been using for the last 70 years is gradually exchanging by the flexible bronchofiberscope which was devised by author.This bronchofiberscope made possible to visible until IVth br. the sub-subsegmental bronchus and to be examined the patient in the supine position.
Adrenomedullin Enhances Angiogenic Potency of Bone Marrow Transplantation in a Rat Model of Hindlimb Ischemia (2005)

A combination of AM infusion and MNC transplantation caused significantly greater improvement in hindlimb ischemia than MNC transplantation alone. This effect may be mediated in part by the angiogenic potency of AM itself and the beneficial effects of AM on the survival, adhesion, and differentiation of transplanted MNCs.
Dielectric Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics (1986)

A review is presented on Japanese research on the fundamental dielectric breakdown of solid dielectrics. First, the theoretical consideration on the basic breakdown process and the experimental work on pre-breakdown phenomena are described. Secondly, described is the space charge effect on the dielectric breakdown, the importance of which was realized from the earliest days. Thirdly, the breakdown of polymerized materials, which have much importance to practical insulation, is treated. Since they have a complicated structure, many problems still remain in this area. However, an understanding of the relation between breakdown and morphology has greatly advanced in the present decade. Finally, recent advancement in analyses of thermal breakdown is introduced.
Transport of macrophage Fc receptors and Fc receptor-bound ligands to lysosomes. (1986)

Mouse macrophage Fc receptors specific for IgG1/IgG2b mediate the binding and pinocytic uptake of soluble IgG-containing antibody-antigen complexes. Internalization of these multivalent IgG complexes is accompanied not only by the intracellular degradation of the ligand, but also by a net decrease in the number of plasma membrane Fc receptors and an accelerated rate of receptor turnover. In contrast, internalized receptors bound to a monovalent ligand, the high affinity Fab fragment of the antireceptor mAb 2.4G2, escape degradation by rapidly recycling to the cell surface. In this paper, we have characterized the intracellular pathway involved in the endocytosis and transport of Fc receptors in the J774 macrophage cell line. The results show that the uptake of multivalent ligands follows the normal pathway of receptor-mediated endocytosis: internalization in clathrin-coated pits and coated vesicles, delivery to endosomes, and finally to acid hydrolase-rich lysosomes. Immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled receptor from Percoll density gradients showed that endocytosis of the IgG complexes also results in the concomitant transport of the receptor to lysosomes. Although uptake of the monovalent Fab fragment had no detectable effect on intracellular receptor distribution, preparations of 2.4G2 Fab rendered multivalent by adsorption to colloidal gold were as effective as the IgG complexes at causing lysosomal accumulation of internalized receptors. Thus, it is likely that the down-regulation and degradation of Fc receptors which occurs during the endocytosis of antibody-antigen complexes is due to the transport of internalized receptors to lysosomes. Moreover, the ability of certain Fc receptor-bound ligands to interfere with receptor recycling and trigger lysosomal transport seems to depend on ligand valency rather than on the presence or absence of Fc domains on intact IgG molecules.
Dietary Factors Alter Hepatic Innate Immune System in Mice With Nonalcoholic Ratty Liver Disease * # (2005)

Dietary factors promote obesity and obesity-related disorders, such as fatty liver disease. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are components of the innate immune system that regulate proinflammatory (Th-1) and anti-inflammatory (Th-2) immune responses. Previously, we noted that NKT cells are selectively reduced in the fatty livers of obese, leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and demonstrated that this promotes proinflammatory polarization of hepatic cytokine production, exacerbating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) liver injury in these animals. In the current study, we show that hepatic NKT cells are also depleted by diets that induce obesity and fatty livers in wild-type mice, promoting Th-1 polarization of hepatic cytokine production and sensitization to LPS liver injury despite persistent leptin. Adult male C57BL6 mice fed diets containing high amounts of either fat or sucrose, or combined high-fat, high-sucrose, develop increased hepatic NKT cell apoptosis and reduced liver NKT cells. The hepatic lymphocytes are more Th-1 polarized with increased intracellular interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Mice fed high-fat diets also exhibit more liver injury, reflected by 2-fold greater serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) than control animals after receiving LPS. In conclusion, when otherwise normal mice are fed with high-fat or sucrose diet, they become obese, develop fatty livers, and acquire hepatic innate immune system abnormalities, including increased NKT cell apoptosis. The latter reduces liver NKT cell populations and promotes excessive hepatic production of Th-1 cytokines that promote hepatic inflammation. These diet-induced alterations in the hepatic innate immune system may contribute to obesity-related liver disease.
Signal Amplification <i>via</i> Biological Self-Assembly of Surface-Engineered Quantum Dots for Multiplexed Subattomolar Immunoassays and Apoptosis Imaging (2013)

The parallel and highly sensitive detection of biomolecules is of paramount importance to understand biological functions at the single cell level and for various medical diagnoses. Surface-engineered semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been demonstrated to act as a signal amplifiable reporter in immunoassays. This takes advantage of the QDs’ robustness against self-quenching in proximity and the tunability of their surface properties. A streptavidin (SA) and biotin QD conjugate pair containing a zwitterionic surface modification was designed for QD self-assembly with minimal nonspecific adsorption. Typical sandwich-type immunoassay procedures were adopted, and the targeted protein binding events were effectively transduced and amplified by the fluorescence of the SA–biotin QD conjugates. The detection limit of myoglobin in 100% serum was determined to be at the subattomolar (tens of copies per milliliter) level, which was achieved by using 100 cycles of the layer-by-layer QD assembly. Adsorption kinetics studies and Monte Carlo simulations revealed that this highly sensitive signal amplification was accomplished by the zwitterionic surface, which gave equilibrium constants 5 orders of magnitude larger for specific binding than for nonspecific binding. The QD conjugates showed an effective multivalency of two, which resulted in a broad linear dynamic range spanning 9 orders of magnitude of target protein concentrations. The assay can be highly miniaturized and multiplexed, and as a proof-of-concept, parallel and rapid detection of four different cancer markers has been successfully demonstrated. To demonstrate that this QD signal amplification can be a universal platform, sensitive imaging and early detection of apoptotic cells were also showcased.
Cross-Presentation of Synthetic Long Peptides by Human Dendritic Cells: A Process Dependent on ERAD Component p97/VCP but Not sec61 and/or Derlin-1 (2014)

Antitumor vaccination using synthetic long peptides (SLP) is an additional therapeutic strategy currently under development. It aims to activate tumor-specific CD8(+) CTL by professional APCs such as DCs. DCs can activate T lymphocytes by MHC class I presentation of exogenous antigens - a process referred to as "cross-presentation". Until recently, the intracellular mechanisms involved in cross-presentation of soluble antigens have been unclear. Here, we characterize the cross-presentation pathway of SLP Melan-A16-40 containing the HLA-A2-restricted epitope26-35 (A27L) in human DCs. Using confocal microscopy and specific inhibitors, we show that SLP16-40 is rapidly taken up by DC and follows a classical TAP- and proteasome-dependent cross-presentation pathway. Our data support a role for the ER-associated degradation machinery (ERAD)-related protein p97/VCP in the transport of SLP16-40 from early endosomes to the cytoplasm but formally exclude both sec61 and Derlin-1 as possible retro-translocation channels for cross-presentation. In addition, we show that generation of the Melan-A26-35 peptide from the SLP16-40 was absolutely not influenced by the proteasome subunit composition in DC. Altogether, our findings propose a model for cross-presentation of SLP which tends to enlarge the repertoire of potential candidates for retro-translocation of exogenous antigens to the cytosol.
Growth hormone, thyrotropin and prolactin responses to simultaneous administration of human growth hormone-releasing factor and thyrotropin releasing hormone in the bovine. (1985)

The effects of intravenous injection of synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor-44-NH2 (hpGRF-44) and synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), or hpGRF-44 in combination with TRH on growth hormone (GH), thyrotropin (TSH), and prolactin (PRL) release in dairy female calves (6- and 12-month-old) were studied. When 0.25 microgram of hpGRF-44 per kg of body weight (bw) was injected in combination with TRH (1.0 microgram per kg of bw), the mean plasma GH concentration of the 12-month-old calves rose to a maximum level of 191.5 ng/ml (P less than 0.001) at 15 min from the value of 6.8 ng/ml before injection at 0 min. The maximum level was 3.1 and 6.1 times as high as the peak values obtained after injection of hpGRF-44 (0.25 microgram per kg of bw) and TRH (1.0 microgram per kg of bw), respectively (P less than 0.001). The area under the GH response curve for the 12-month-old calves for 3 hr after injection of hpGRF-44 in combination with TRH was 2.5 times as large as the sum of the areas obtained by hpGRF-44 and TRH injections. In contrast, the mean plasma GH level was unchanged in saline injected calves. The magnitudes of the first and the second plasma GH responses in the 6-month-old calves to two consecutive injections of hpGRF-44 in combination with TRH at a 3-hr interval were very similar. The peak values of plasma GH in the calves after hpGRF-44 injection were 2-4 times as high as those after TRH injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SEQUENTIAL AND PROGRESSIVE CYCLIN EXPRESSION IN HUMAN OSTEOSARCOMA CELLS - DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS (1993)

Cyclin proteins in association with cyclin-dependent protein kinase (Cdk) subunits function to execute critical cell cycle transitions; dysregulation of these enzymes may play a pivotal role in human tumorigenesis. In this study we characterize the successive expression of cyclins D1, E, A, and B, as well as a novel cyclin-like protein, in synchronized human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. The physiological activation, subunit configuration, and subcellular localization of cyclin D1 during the G1 phase of the cell cycle is characterized in additional detail. An essential role for cyclin D1 in osteosarcoma cell proliferation is inferred by the efficacy of an antisense oligo-deoxynucleotide strategy directed against this locus. In addition, we report on the amplification and comparative over-expression of cyclin D1 in a Ewing's sarcoma cell line. These findings support a sequential model of cyclin expression and suggest that examination of the levels of specific cyclins may provide valuable diagnostic and/or prognostic information in the evaluation of proliferative disorders.
Performance and resource cost comparisons for the CBT and PIM multicast routing protocols in DIS environments (2002)

Researchers have proposed the core based trees (CBT) and protocol independent multicasting (PIM) protocols to route multicast data on internetworks. The performance of these protocols is examined in the distributed interactive simulation (DIS) environment using the OPNET network simulation tool. The simulation results provide measures of important performance metrics including end-to-end delay, network resource usage, and join time. The size of the tables containing multicast routing information and the impact of the timers introduced by the protocols are also examined. Suggestions are offered to improve PIM Sparse while retaining the ability to offer both shared tree and source-based tree routing.
Cryo‐fluorescence microscopy facilitates correlations between light and cryo‐electron microscopy and reduces the rate of photobleaching (2007)

Fluorescence light microscopy (LM) has many advantages for the study of cell organization. Specimen preparation is easy and relatively inexpensive, and the use of appropriate tags gives scientists the ability to visualize specific proteins of interest. LM is, however, limited in resolution, so when one is interested in ultrastructure, one must turn to electron microscopy (EM), even though this method presents problems of its own. The biggest difficulty with cellular EM is its limited utility in localizing macromolecules of interest while retaining good structural preservation. We have built a cryo-light microscope stage that allows us to generate LM images of vitreous samples prepared for cryo-EM. Correlative LM and EM allows one to find areas of particular interest by using fluorescent proteins or vital dyes as markers within vitrified samples. Once located, the sample can be placed in the EM for further study at higher resolution. An additional benefit of the cryo-LM stage is that photobleaching is slower at cryogenic temperatures (-140 degrees C) than at room temperature.
A Hybrid Architecture for High Sensitivity Standalone and Assisted Galileo/GPS Receivers (2006)

Acquisition and tracking methodologies for CDMA signals have been studied for several decades. There are multiple proven acquisition schemes such as serial, hybrid and parallel, which can be performed either with correlators (time domain) or FFT engines (frequency domain). However, the extension of GNSS with Galileo and new GPS signals forces a new deep examination of acquisition and unambiguous tracking techniques suitable for very high spreading factors. This paper examines the challenges researchers and development teams are posed to, whereas a hybrid architecture for future L1 GPS and Galileo receivers is presented. Furthermore the complete architecture has been carried to a HW evaluation platform in order to perform reliable tests to asses the proposed architecture.
A remotely interrogatable magnetochemical pH sensor (1997)

A new type of sensor is presented that allows for remote, in-situ, continuous, long term monitoring of given chemical stimuli. The sensor is comprised of a thin polymeric layer made so that it swells in the presence of certain stimuli, bounded on each side by a magnetically soft thin film. The magnetic switching characteristics of the sensor are dependent upon the thickness of the intervening polymeric spacer layer. Placed within a sinusoidal magnetic field the sensor generates a series of voltage spikes in suitably located detecting coils. The magnitude of the voltage spikes are dependent upon how much the spacer layer has swollen in response to the given stimuli. The polymeric chemistry is very flexible, and can be made to selectively swell in response to, for example, moisture, pH, ion concentration, or atmospheric CO/sub 2/. The sensor principle has been demonstrated using lightly crosslinked poly (dimethylamino)-ethylmethacrylate to detect pH.
Nonivamide, a Constituent of <i>Capsicum oleoresin</i> (1996)

Nonivamide (2) has been isolated from capsicum oleoresin for the first time and has been characterized through comparison with an authentic synthetic sample. This work confirms that nonivamide occurs naturally in Capsicum species.
Natural and Controlled Crossing in Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L.<sup>1</sup> (1950)

Agronomy JournalVolume 42, Issue 8 p. 381-384 Article Natural and Controlled Crossing in Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L.1 C. E. Claassen, C. E. Claassen Formerly Associate Agronomist, Nebr. Agr. Expt. Station; now Sec. -Treas., Western Oilseeds Company, Bakersfield, Calif.Search for more papers by this author C. E. Claassen, C. E. Claassen Formerly Associate Agronomist, Nebr. Agr. Expt. Station; now Sec. -Treas., Western Oilseeds Company, Bakersfield, Calif.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 August 1950 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1950.00021962004200080002xCitations: 33 1 Published with the approval of the Director as Paper No. 487, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln, Nebr. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume42, Issue8August 1950Pages 381-384 RelatedInformation
CAWriter: A CSCW/CSCL Tool to Support Research Students’ Academic Writing (2010)

Within the larger framework of a research project aiming to develop CSCW/CSCL tools, to scaffold a cognitive apprenticeship model as applied to doctoral education, academic writing has been identified as a key process to be supported. By following a participatory design approach, and by building upon previous writing tools, a prototype is being developed to assist Computer Science research students in the academic writing process. Key features of the tool are that it supports non-linear document creation and multiple representations of notes and document content. Initial feedback from use of the tool and planned future work to integrate collaboration to support cognitive apprenticeship are reported.