gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steady state load shedding to mitigate blackout in power systems using an improved harmony search algorithm (2015)

Generation contingencies in a power system lead to under-frequency and low voltages owing to active and reactive power deficiencies. Load shedding is considered as a last alternative to avoid the cascaded tripping and blackout in power systems during generation contingencies. It is essential to optimize the amount of load to be shed in order to prevent excessive load shedding. To minimize load shedding, this paper proposes the implementation of music inspired optimization algorithm known as improved harmony search algorithm (IHSA). The optimal solution of steady state load shedding is carried out by squaring the difference between the connected and supplied power (active and reactive). The proposed algorithm is tested on IEEE 14, 30 and 118 bus test systems. The viability of the proposed method in terms of solution quality and convergence properties is compared with the other conventional methods reported earlier.
Ion Exchange and Thermal Stability of MCM-41 (1995)

Mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 with a Si/Al ratio of 39 was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis with a gel composition of 6 SiO2:0.1 Al2O3:1 hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride:0.25 dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide:0.25 tetrapropylammonium bromide:0.15 (NH4)(2)0:1.5 Na2O:300 H2O. The MCM-41 sample incorporating aluminum (AlMCM-41) was calcined in O-2 flow at 813 K and subsequently ion exchanged with Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Y3+. Th, ion exchange levels have been increased as high as 0.41 Na/Al, 0.36 K/A1, 0.37 Ca/A1 and 0.39 Y/A1, respectively. Hydrothermal stability of the ion exchanged A1MCM-41 materials has been investigated with X-ray powder diffraction pattern, BET specific surface area, and magic-angle spinning Al-27 NMR spectroscopy, after the samples were heated for 2 h at various temperatures in O-2 flow saturated with water vapor at room temperature. The hydrothermal stability of the AlMCM-41 has been found to extend to the following temperatures depending on ion exchange: Y3+ (1170 K) approximate to Ca2+ > Na+ (1070 K) approximate to as calcined AlMCM-41 > pure-silica MCM-41 (980 K)
Clay Stabilization Agents - Their Effectiveness in High-Temperature Steam (1980)

Laboratory data indicated that commercially available clay stabilization polymers may be beneficial in maintaining greater sustained formation permeabilities in clayey formations subjected to high-temperature steam injection. Polymers evaluated varied in high-temperature clay stabilization properties and resistance to hydrochloric acid. Result from several field applications of one polymer are included. Introduction Steaming encompasses the entire recovery spectrum involving primary, secondary, and tertiary approaches. It has been reported that oil retrieved by steam methods represents 90% of all the oil produced by current enhanced recovery techniques. Steam recovery methods often are applied in low-temperature, poorly consolidated, shallow geological laydowns which frequently are characterized by high concentrations of clay minerals. When exposed to steam, these untreated clays may cause severe matrix permeability reduction. Sometimes this loss of rock permeability is not fully recoverable. As a consequence, reservoir depletion efficiency may be reduced. Therefore, it is plausible to predict that effective clay mineral control will play a vital role in steam recovery of hydrocarbons from clay-bearing formations.Sand problems can be caused by inadequate clay control because clay minerals often serve as cementing materials in rock formations. Should the clay swell or migrate, cementation between sand grains can be damaged or destroyed, resulting in sand production. This has been reported to be a recurring problem in numerous cyclic steam (huff ‘n’ puff) wells in which the produced sand periodically must be bailed out of the wellbore. Clay Damage Mechanisms Numerous forms of clay minerals exist in subterranean strata. Their permeability damage potential is related to structure, orientation, cation exchange capacity, and geological laydown pattern along with the existing cation environment. Clays can be classified into two basic types:expanding andlow water absorbing. Smectite (montmorillonite), a three-layer clay, is considered the most expandable in the presence of water, particularly fresh or low-salinity waters similar to those associated with steaming techniques. Mixed-layer clays, containing smectite intermixed with other clays, also are classified as expandable. In addition to causing pore plugging, expanding clays can result in a release of other clay and silica fines which tend to travel within the tortuosity of the interstices until points of lodgment or bridging occur. This can result in further restriction of pore-space dimensions and lower permeability, which are synonymous with reduced withdrawal rates. Low-water-adsorbing clays (e.g., kaolinite, illite, and chlorite) are common to many shallow as well as deep formations. Although these clays can be expected to cause less damage due to expansion than smectite, other formation damage associated with water-promoted disintegration, dispersion, and migration can occur.For an excellent description of clays most common to hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs, reference is made to a paper by Hower. JPT P. 2121＾
Concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (1997)

Our results demonstrate an improved survival with the addition of computerized tomography treatment planning and concomitant chemotherapy to radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma when compared with data in the current literature. However, a randomized trial comparing computerized-tomography-assisted radiotherapy with and without chemotherapy is necessary to confirm the contribution of chemotherapy.
Ceramide-Initiated Protein Phosphatase 2A Activation Contributes to Arterial Dysfunction In Vivo (2015)

Prior studies have implicated accumulation of ceramide in blood vessels as a basis for vascular dysfunction in diet-induced obesity via a mechanism involving type 2 protein phosphatase (PP2A) dephosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The current study sought to elucidate the mechanisms linking ceramide accumulation with PP2A activation and determine whether pharmacological inhibition of PP2A in vivo normalizes obesity-associated vascular dysfunction and limits the severity of hypertension. We show in endothelial cells that ceramide associates with the inhibitor 2 of PP2A (I2PP2A) in the cytosol, which disrupts the association of I2PP2A with PP2A leading to its translocation to the plasma membrane. The increased association between PP2A and eNOS at the plasma membrane promotes dissociation of an Akt-Hsp90-eNOS complex that is required for eNOS phosphorylation and activation. A novel small-molecule inhibitor of PP2A attenuated PP2A activation, prevented disruption of the Akt-Hsp90-eNOS complex in the vasculature, preserved arterial function, and maintained normal blood pressure in obese mice. These findings reveal a novel mechanism whereby ceramide initiates PP2A colocalization with eNOS and demonstrate that PP2A activation precipitates vascular dysfunction in diet-induced obesity. Therapeutic strategies targeted to reducing PP2A activation might be beneficial in attenuating vascular complications that exist in the context of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and conditions associated with insulin resistance.
Advancing Animal Models of Human Type 1 Diabetes by Engraftment of Functional Human Tissues in Immunodeficient Mice (2012)

Despite decades of studying rodent models of type 1 diabetes (T1D), no therapy capable of preventing or curing T1D has successfully been translated from rodents to humans. This inability to translate otherwise promising therapies to clinical settings likely resides, to a major degree, from significant species-specific differences between rodent and human immune systems as well as species-related variances in islets in terms of their cellular composition, function, and gene expression. Indeed, taken collectively, these differences underscore the need to define interactions between the human immune system with human β cells. Immunodeficient mice engrafted with human immune systems and human β cells represent an interesting and promising opportunity to study these components in vivo. To meet this need, years of effort have been extended to develop mice depleted of undesirable components while at the same time, allowing the introduction of constituents necessary to recapitulate physiological settings as near as possible to human T1D. With this, these so-called "humanized mice" are currently being used as a preclinical bridge to facilitate identification and translation of novel discoveries to clinical settings.
FINAL EVALUATION OF THE ULCOS TGR-BF PILOT TESTS PERFORMED AT THE LKAB EXPERIMENTAL BLAST FURNACE 1 (2012)

The LKAB Experimental Blast furnace, situated in Lulea, Sweden was first operated in 1998. Since then, a large number of varying projects have been completed at the Experimental Blast Furnace. One of the projects that recently have been finalized is the ULCOS-BF pilot tests, using the developed blast furnace concept. ULCOS – Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking - is a project consisting of 48 companies and organizations from a total of 15 European countries. All of the major European steel producers are represented within the project. The aim of the project has since the start been to develop new technologies for steel production, in order to reduce emissions of CO2 by at least 50% from today’s best known steel making routes. During 2007, the first campaign within the ULCOS project was conducted. Since then, a total of 3 campaigns, have been successfully operated using the ULCOS-BF process. With the experiences gained during the tests at the Experimental Blast Furnace, the ULCOS-BF process is now planned to be scaled-up to an industrial scale. This paper gives a summary of the experiences and results gained within the ULCOS project from 2007 until 2010, while operating different versions of the ULCOS-BF process. The paper also describes the method of planning, conducting, evaluating and finally scaling up results from a successful project into a commercial demonstration
P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor Valspodar (PSC 833) Increases the Intracellular Concentrations of Daunorubicin In Vivo in Patients With P-Glycoprotein–Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2000)

These results strongly suggest that valspodar, by interacting with Pgp, can increase the cellular uptake of dnr in leukemic blasts in vivo.
.eta.5-C5Me5TiMe3B(C6F5)3: A carbocationic olefin polymerization initiator masquerading as a Ziegler-Natta catalyst (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.eta.5-C5Me5TiMe3B(C6F5)3: A carbocationic olefin polymerization initiator masquerading as a Ziegler-Natta catalystRuhksana Quyoum, Qinyan Wang, Marie-Jose Tudoret, Michael C. Baird, and Daniel J. GillisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 14, 6435–6436Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00093a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00093a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
How to find hidden cameras (2002)

“We shall meet in the place where there is no darkness” – 1984, George Orwell While it was easy to spot cameras twenty years ago due to their large size, this has become increasingly difficult during the last decade. Cameras have become much smaller and consume a fraction of the power they did ten years ago. Due to this, covert installation in nearly any imaginable place is possible. This paper will show methods frequently used for hiding cameras as well as methods to detect and locate covertly installed cameras. Document available
2,4,6-Trihydroxy-??-p-methoxyphenylacetophenone (Compound D-58) Is a Potent Inhibitor of Allergic Reactions (2001)

The authors investigated the effects of 2,4,6-trihydroxy-α-p-methoxyphenylacetophenone (compound D-58), a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinases SYK and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), on IgE receptor/FcεRI-triggered mast cell–mediated acute allergic responses in vitro and in vivo. Compound D-58 abrogated IgE receptor/FcεRI–mediated SYK and BTK activation as well as calcium mobilization in mast cells. Mast-cell degranulation and leukotriene (LT) C4 release was inhibited by compound D-58 in a concentration-dependent fashion. Notably, compound D-58 prevented the mast cell mediator–induced vascular hyperpermeability in an in vivo murine model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis as measured by the prevention of extravasation of systemically administered Evans blue dye. The results uniquely indicate that compound D-58 has potent antiallergic properties. Therefore, further development of compound D-58 may provide the basis for new and effective treatment programs for severe allergic disorders.
Inhibition of Iron-oxidizing Activity by Bisulfite Ion in<i>Thiobacillus ferrooxidans</i> (1994)

Journal Article Inhibition of Iron-oxidizing Activity by Bisulfite Ion in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Get access Tsuyoshi Sugio, Tsuyoshi Sugio Division of Biological Function and Genetic Resources Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 1–1–1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama 700, Japan To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kenji Iwahori, Kenji Iwahori Division of Biological Function and Genetic Resources Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 1–1–1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Satomi Uemura, Satomi Uemura Division of Biological Function and Genetic Resources Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 1–1–1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ikuko Makino, Ikuko Makino Division of Biological Function and Genetic Resources Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 1–1–1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tatsuo Tano Tatsuo Tano Division of Biological Function and Genetic Resources Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 1–1–1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 58, Issue 11, 1 January 1994, Pages 2109–2110, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.58.2109 Published: 01 January 1994 Article history Published: 01 January 1994 Received: 16 June 1994
Structure and energetics of stoichiometric<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">TiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>anatase surfaces (2001)

We present an ab initio density-functional investigation of the structure and energetics of several stoichiometric $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ low-index surfaces of anatase, a ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ polymorph $\ensuremath{\sim}9%$ less dense and $\ensuremath{\sim}1.2$ kcal/mol less stable than rutile. Although our calculations do not reproduce the relative ordering of the two phases that is observed experimentally, the calculated bulk structural and elastic properties of both polymorphs are in excellent agreement with the experiment, suggesting that surface relaxations are correctly described as well. As expected, the surface energies of anatase appear to be related to the presence of undercoordinated Ti atoms: the surfaces with fourfold-coordinated Ti atoms have a larger energy than those with fivefold-coordinated Ti. Furthermore, we find that the average surface energy of a ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ anatase macroscopic crystal is smaller than that of rutile. Finally, patterns in the relaxation of the surface atoms which are common to different surfaces are analyzed.
Clinical Evaluation of Pulsatile Flow Mode of Terumo Capiox Centrifugal Pump (1997)

The Terumo Capiox centrifugal pump system possesses an automatic priming function in which the motor repeatedly stops and runs intermittently to eliminate air bubbles in the circuit through the micropores of the hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator. By modifying this mechanism, we have developed a pulsatile flow mode. In this mode, maximum and minimum pump rotational speeds can be independently set every 20 rpm in the range of 0 to 3,000 rpm. The duration of the pump run at maximum and minimum speeds can also be independently set every 0.1 s in the range of 0.2 to 15 s. In a clinical trial, after obtaining the desired flow rate, 2.4 L/min/m2 in nonpulsatile flow mode, a pulsatile flow mode of 60 cycles/min (with 1 cycle being maximum speed for 0.4 s and minimum speed for 0.6 s) was obtained by adding and subtracting 500 rpm to and from the rotational speed in nonpulsatile flow mode. Pulse pressures in the femoral artery and in the circuit just proximal to the perfusion cannula (6.5 mm Sarns high flow cannula with metal tip) were measured in 5 patients who underwent pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and compared to pulse pressures obtained by intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) in 3 patients and by the pulsatile mode of the 3M Delphin pump in 3 patients. The platelet count, free hemoglobin, and beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) were measured and compared with measurements from another 5 patients who underwent nonpulsatile CPB. Although the pulse pressure measured in the circuit was 180 mm Hg on average, the pressure in the femoral artery was only 15 to 40 mm Hg with a mean of 20 mm Hg. In the same patients, 60 to 80 mm Hg pulse pressure was obtained with IABP. The pulse pressure obtained with the Delphin pump was not more than that obtained with the Terumo pump. There were no significant differences in percents of preoperative levels of platelet counts (pulsatile, 87.6 +/- 15.8% and nonpulsatile, 72.4 +/- 40.6%), free hemoglobin (pulsatile, 18 +/- 8 mg/dl and nonpulsatile, 25 = 7 mg/dl), and beta-TG (pulsatile 298 +/- 28 ng/ml and nonpulsatile, 312 +/- 143 ng/ml). In conclusion, although the pulsatile mode of the Terumo centrifugal pump did not exhibit any adverse effects hematologically, the pulse pressure obtained was unsatisfactorily small, mainly because of dumping caused by the perfusion cannula.
Massive Machine-to-Machine Communications in Cellular Network: Distributed Queueing Random Access Meets MIMO (2017)

Machine-type communications are emerging as a new paradigm for enabling a broad range of applications from the massive deployment of sensor devices to mission-critical services. To support massive machine-to-machine (M2M) communications with delay constraints in cellular networks, we design an efficient random access and data transmission system known as distributed queueing random access-multiple-input multiple-output (DQRA-MIMO) data transmission system. This system has the advantages of both efficient collision resolution of DQRA protocol and the efficient data transmission of MIMO technology. To obtain higher throughput under delay constraint and limited time-frequency resources, we match the ability of collision resolution with the capability of MIMO transmission by optimally configuring system parameters. The closed-form expression of throughput is derived, which is a function of the total user equipments' traffic arrival rate, average packet number of each arrival, number of base station antennas, and number of access request (AR) slots. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the throughput to obtain the optimal number of AR slots given a certain delay constraint for M2M traffic. Numerical and simulation results reveal that, for a given requirement of average delay, the proposed optimized DQRA-MIMO system, which dynamically adjusts time-frequency resource division to maximize throughput, can provide a higher throughput than that of a baseline approach.
A Review of the Named Forms of Phyllomys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) with the Description of a New Species from Coastal Brazil (2002)

To clarify the taxonomy and serve as a foundation for future systematic studies, we searched for the type material associated with all named forms of Brazilian Atlantic tree rats of the genus Phyllomys. For the following ten taxa we found either the originally designated holotypes, syntype series, or contemporary specimens likely to have been seen by the authors: P. blainvilii, P. brasiliensis, P. fossilis, P. nigrispinus, P. unicolor, P. dasythrix, P. lamarum, P. medius, P. thomasi, and P. kerri. For five species the holotype was unambiguously identified. For five other named forms no holotype was originally designated but we found several candidate specimens and for all of these we designate lectotypes. We identify the type localities for all named Phyllomys species and amend those which are ambiguous. We review the taxonomy, diagnosing and redescribing all the named forms of the genus. After examining the type material, we concluded that the rusty-sided tree rat from coastal Brazil, usually identified in the literature as P. brasiliensis, belongs to an unnamed species. We describe and name it here.RESUMENCom o objetivo de esclarecer a taxonomia e servir de base para futuros estudos sistemáticos, nós procuramos identificar os tipos associados a todas as formas descritas dos ratos arbóreos do gênero Phyllomys. Encontramos, para as seguintes 10 espécies, o holótipo designado originalmente, ou séries de síntipos, ou ainda espécimes contemporâneos provavelmente vistos pelos autores: P. blainvilii, P. brasiliensis, P. fossilis, P. nigrispinus, P. unicolor, P. dasythrix, P. lamarum, P. medius, P. thomasi e P. kerri. Para cinco delas o holótipo foi identificado sem nenhuma dúvida, enquanto que vários espécimes candidatos foram encontrados para cinco outras onde nenhum holótipo foi designado originalmente. Para todos esses nós designamos lectótipos. Nós identificamos as localidades tipo de todas as espécies descritas, corrigindo e restringindo as que eram ambíguas. Também revimos a taxonomia, diagnosticando e descrevendo todas as espécies nomeadas do gênero. Após examinarmos os tipos, concluimos que o rato de espinho ferrugíneo da costa do Brasil, geralmente identificado na literatura como Phyllomys brasiliensis, pertence à uma espécie distinta que ainda não tem nome. Nesse artigo, nós descrevemos e nomeamos essa espécie.