gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictive multiple model switching control with the self-organizing map (2000)

A predictive, multiple model control strategy is developed by extension of self-organizing map (SOM) local dynamic modeling of nonlinear autonomous systems to a control framework. Multiple SOMs collectively model the global response of a nonautonomous system to a finite set of representative prototype controls. Each SOM provides a codebook representation of the dynamics corresponding to a prototype control. Different dynamic regimes are organized into topological neighborhoods where the adjacent entries in the codebook represent the global minimization of a similarity metric. The SOM is additionally employed to identify the local dynamical regime, and consequently implements a switching scheme that selects the best available model for the applied control. SOM based linear models are used to predict the response to a larger family of control sequences which are clustered on the representative prototypes. The control sequence which corresponds to the prediction that best satisfies the requirements on the system output is applied as the external driving signal.
3D artificial impedance surfaces (2012)

Artificial impedance surfaces (AISs) fabricated with an array of metallic patches are used for holographic leaky-wave antennas, artificial magnetic conductors, high-impedance surfaces, frequency selective surfaces, etc. AISs are typically fabricated as 2D planar structures, but for some applications, it is desirable to have an AIS on a 3D surface. We present here a method for mapping AIS patterns onto arbitrary 3D surfaces with minimal distortion. This method can be used with direct-write printing. We also outline a method for using standard 2D printed circuit board techniques for realizing 3D AISs.
Cloning of the human cDNA sequence encoding the NADH: Ubiquinone oxidoreductase MLRQ subunit (1997)

A cDNA clone encoding human NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I of mitochondrial respiratory chain) MLRQ subunit was isolated from human fetal liver cDNA library. The clone contained an open reading frame of 246 by which predicted a protein comprising 81 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 9,370 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibited 95% homology (88% identity and 7% favored substitution) to that of bovine MLRQ subunit. Northern analysis revealed that the cDNA clone hybridized with a 0.7 kb mRNA species which was present in all tissues examined. The expression level of the 0.7 kb mRNA in heart, skeletal muscle, and brain was higher than in other organs. Human MLRQ cDNA could cross-hybridize with the genomic DNAs from various species.
Distribution of 5'-nucleotidase and thromboplastic activity in human tissues (1983)

The distribution of 5-nucleotidase activity and thromboplastic activity in human tissues was studied. The greatest activity of 5-nucleotidase and tissue thromboplastin was found in the microsomal fraction. During homogenization, the activity of 5-nucleotidase and tissue thromboplastin was not separated. The membrane structures of the aortic endothelium have the highest 5-nucleotidase and thromboplastic activity compared to the membrane fraction of the middle layer of the aorta.
Improvement in the Oxidation Resistance of Cu Films by an Electroless Co-Alloy Capping Process (2009)

Co-alloy films with various solution compositions CoB, CoWB, and CoW B P were deposited with an electroless technique on\nCu films without Pd activation, and their oxidation barrier performance was analyzed. The degrees of oxidation of all films were\nintensively studied. CoB showed excellent capping performance as an oxidation barrier, whereas CoWB and CoW B P exhibited\neven poorer oxidation resistance than the case of bare Cu at 400°C. The depth profile of the film compositions and chemical states\nof the CoB film before and after oxidation was investigated, the results of which suggested that the oxidation of the B component\nin the film had a clear role in the prevention of continuous Cu diffusion to the surface. The multilayer structure of CoB/\nCoW B P/Cu for obtaining both electromigration and oxidation resistance was optimized, showing excellent oxidation resistance\ncomparable to a single-composition CoB film.
Active cancellation analysis based on the radar detection probability (2015)

In this paper, a cancelling system for linear and three nonlinear frequency modulated signals is proposed. According to the RCS (Radar Cross Section) characteristic of target, amplitude and phase modulation are made to acquire the signal having the same frequency as the echo pulse but with the opposite phase. This signal cancels the radar echo signal. The basic theory of active cancellation stealth is introduced. Based on two kinds of radar target fluctuation models (Swerling I and Swerling III), the formulas of radar detection probability are given. The influence of amplitude, phase and frequency error on the radar detection probability have been discussed. Simulation results show that the technology of active cancellation stealth is feasible in theory, it could reduce the radar detection probability.
Preclinical and Clinical Studies for Sodium Tungstate: Application in Humans (2015)

Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder triggered by the deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreatic β-cell or the resistance of peripheral tissues to the action of the hormone. Chronic hyperglycemia is the major consequence of this failure, and also the main cause of diabetic problems. Indeed, several clinical trials have agreed in that tight glycemic control is the best way to stop progression of the disease. Many anti-diabetic drugs for treatment of type 2 diabetes are commercially available, but no ideal normoglycemic agent has been developed yet. Moreover, weight gain is the most common side effect of many oral anti-diabetic agents and insulin, and increased weight has been shown to worsen glycemic control and increase the risk of diabetes progression. In this sense, the inorganic salt sodium tungstate (NaW) has been studied in different animal models of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, proving to have a potent effect on normalizing blood glucose levels and reducing body weight, without any hypoglycemic action. Although the liver has been studied as the main site of NaW action, positive effects have been also addressed in muscle, pancreas, brain, adipose tissue and intestine, explaining the effective anti-diabetic action of this salt. Here, we review NaW research to date in these different target organs. We believe that NaW deserves more attention, since all available anti-diabetic treatments remain suboptimal and new therapeutics are urgently needed.
Accurate measurements of the intrinsic diffusivities of boron and phosphorus in silicon (2000)

All activity in modeling transient diffusion behavior relies on knowledge of the inert intrinsic diffusivities of dopants in Si. The measurements upon which these values are based were conducted over 15 years ago. Since then, the quality of wafers used in industrial applications has significantly changed. This will affect the effective diffusivity through changes in trap concentrations. The reliability of measurement techniques has also changed dramatically from tracer and staining methods to secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements that are dominant today. Finally, our understanding of diffusion behavior has changed significantly. For example, we now understand that the extraction of diffusivities from implanted samples with no pre-anneal includes a significant transient effect. We have measured the inert intrinsic diffusivities of As, B, P, and Sb in different substrates in defect-free Czochralski and float zone wafers and epitaxially grown layers. All samples underwent a 30 min anneal at 1000 °C in dry oxygen in order to grow a cap oxide and eliminate transient enhanced diffusion. We performed SIMS analysis on an initial batch of samples to evaluate the different factors that may affect the diffusivity in a nonideal manner and concluded that there are no transient effects but that surface effects are important. Hence, for the fast moving dopants (B, P) we restrict our data extraction to the deep implants. Our data show that B and P diffusivities are different than the values commonly assumed in the literature at low temperatures. We compare our results to previously published data in light of the factors mentioned here.
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR DEVOLVING RESPONSABILITY AND FUNCTIONS FROM GOVERNMENT TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR (2001)

This document presents a conceptual framework and a method for deciding whether or not a function that was considered the responsibility of government should be performed by public organizations or devolved to private for-profit and non-profit organizations. This conceptual framework goes beyond ideology and matches functions to organizational capacity, in a scheme that needs strategic thinking. The method requires that government managers resist bias and simplistic assumptions and answer a number of critical questions that require for the experience and judgment of decision makers, as well as for the political and social context in which the decision takes place.
Isolation of Highly Doped Implants on Low-Doped Active Layers for CMOS Radiation Drift Detectors (2009)

A method to avoid punchthrough between highly doped implants, built on low-doped substrates or epitaxial layers, is proposed. The technique, which is similar to other previously used in scientific pixel detectors, is here applied in a VLSI CMOS standard technology, to design electrically isolated pixels for radiation or particle detection using the source/drain implants as collecting electrodes. The isolation principle is based on the use of surface-implant stops of the opposite type of conductivity with respect to the collecting electrodes, combined with shallow trench isolations. The pixels can be biased at different voltages, allowing the creation of particular electric-field configurations within the silicon bulk. Significant carrier drift components in the direction parallel to the semiconductor surface can thus be obtained. A 90-nm standard CMOS test structure with 950-nm-spaced pixels that can be reverse biased with 10 V of relative difference without significant degradation of the dark current demonstrates the feasibility.
Degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by mixed microbial cultures (1979)

Three different enriched mixed cultures capable of degrading polychlorinated biphenylas were isolated from two soil samples and a river sediment, respectively. The predominant organisms found in all three mixed cultures were Alcaligenes odorans, Alcaligenes dentrificans, and an unidentified bacterium. The polychlorinated biphenyl isomers that were more water soluble and had lower chlorination were not only degraded at a faster rate than those that were less water soluble and had higher chlorination, but were also more completely utilized by these mixed cultures. This resulted in the presence in the environment of polychlorinated biphenyl residues consisting mainly of higher-chlorinated isomers. A form of cometabolism of polychlorinated biphenyls was also found with these cultures in the presence of acetate as the cosubstrate.
NMR calibration of optical measurement of nuclear polarization in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">He</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1993)

We have performed precise NMR measurements in order to calibrate a standard optical technique for measuring the polarization of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ nuclei. This optical technique requires knowledge of the pressure-dependent relationship between the nuclear polarization and the degree of circular polarization of the 668-nm light emitted from a $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ discharge. We determined the nuclear polarization by comparing the adiabatic fast-passage NMR signal from samples of polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ at pressures between 0.1 and 5 torr to an identical sample of water. For water, the polarization is known from statistical mechanics. The $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ is polarized using the metastability exchange technique for optical pumping of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$. The accuracy of the calibration is \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2%, which is required for applications in nuclear physics.
Patient Safety--Incorporating Drawing Software into Root Cause Analysis Software (2002)

Drawing software from Lassalle Technologies 1 (France) designed for Visual Basic is the tool we used to standardize the creation, storage, and retrieval of flow diagrams containing information about adverse events and close calls.
Novel and efficient synthesis of difficult sequence-containing peptides through O–N intramolecular acyl migration reaction of O-acyl isopeptides (2003)

A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of difficult sequence-containing peptides has been developed based on the synthesis of O-acyl isopeptides followed by an O-N intramolecular acyl migration reaction, resulting in a remarkable improvement of the yields.
Analysis of a Gradient Index Metamaterial Blazed Diffraction Grating (2011)

The equivalent of a blazed diffraction grating can be formed from an array of metamaterial elements arranged so as to produce a linear gradient in the effective refractive index. By spreading the gradient over a multiwavelength distance, and repeating the pattern many times, a gradient index (GRIN) diffraction grating is formed. Using lithographically patterned, metallic metamaterial elements, dozens of distinguishable phase levels can be implemented by slightly modifying the design of each successive metamaterial element. We analyze here a multilayer metamaterial diffraction grating designed for operation at 10.6 μm, exploring the impact of material losses and impedance mismatch on the diffraction efficiency.
Antiepileptogenic effects of conventional anticonvulsants in the kindling model of epilepsy (1991)

We sought to determine whether the clinically effective anticonvulsant drug valproate exhibited antiepileptogenic properties in the kindling model (we use the term anticonvulsant to mean suppression of seizure, and antiepileptogenic to mean suppression of development of epilepsy). We compared and contrasted valproate with two other anticonvulsant drugs, phenobarbital and carbamazepine. We investigated the effects of these drugs on the development of kindling, that is, the number of stimulation-induced afterdischarges required to induce enhanced seizure susceptibility in rats. Valproate exhibited powerful antiepileptogenic effects as evident in a dose-dependent increase in the number of afterdischarges required to induce kindling. These effects were not due to retained valproate or an active metabolite merely masking the expression of kindled seizures. By contrast, carbamazepine was devoid of any antiepieptogenic effects despite exhibiting marked anticonvulsant effects. Like valproate, phenobarbital exhibited both antiepileptogenic and anticonvulsant properties, but its antiepileptogenic properties were significantly less pronounced. The antiepileptogenic effects of valproate and phenobarbital strengthen the candidacy of these agents for the clinical studies needed to investigate pharmacological prevention of the development of epilepsy in high-risk groups.
Microscopic Insights into the Sputtering of Ag{111} Induced by C<sub>60</sub> and Ga Bombardment (2004)

Molecular dynamics computer simulations have been utilized to compare the differences in the mechanism of sputtering of Ag{111} by kiloelectronvolt Ga and C60 projectiles. The calculated kinetic energy distributions of Ag monomers and Ag2 dimers compare favorably with experimental results. The damage caused by the C60 particle left in the sample is less than the depth of material that the next impinging C60 particle would remove, thus supporting the preliminary experimental observations that molecular depth profiling is possible with C60 projectile beams.
Conclusion (2011)

Ce n’est que récemment, comme le soulignait Rostaing, que les prisons se sont ouvertes aux universitaires, et plusieurs 137 d’entre eux se sont penchés sur l’univers carcéral en s’attachant tantôt aux relations entre détenus et personnel [Rostaing, 1997], tantôt à la problématique de la réintégration socioprofessionnelle des personnes incarcérées [Combessie, 2005]. Sur la base des travaux préexistants, je me suis proposé d’étudier l’organisation d’une prison de femmes au Pérou,
Reclassification of Amycolatopsis orientalis subsp. lurida Lechevalier et al. 1986 as Amycolatopsis lurida sp. nov., comb. nov. (2004)

Amycolatopsis orientalis subsp. lurida DSM 43134T differs significantly from the type strain of A. orientalis, A. orientalis subsp. orientalis DSM 40040T, and from other species of the genus in genomic and metabolic properties. Its elevation to species status as Amycolatopsis lurida sp. nov., comb. nov. is justified.
High slew‐rate head‐only gradient for improving distortion in echo planar imaging: Preliminary experience (2016)

Our results of human brain imaging with EPI using the compact head gradient coil at slew rates higher than in conventional whole-body MR systems demonstrate substantially improved image distortion, and point to a potential for benefits to non-EPI pulse sequences. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:653-664.
Optical phase grating diffraction in a quasistatic electric field biased nematic liquid crystal film (1989)

Abstract It is known that an optical phase grating can be obtained when two mutually coherent laser beams overlap in a nematic liquid crystal. This is mainly due to director reorientation which contributes to a large optical non-linearity. It has been suggested by Herman and Serinko that a phase grating could be obtained in nematic liquid crystals if a D.C. field is used to bias it near the critical orientational Freedericksz transition. A homeotropic MBBA film biased by an electric field at 1 kHz has been studied. Two weak Ar+ laser beams were incident normally to the film with a small intersection angle (≊0·4˚). Using the picture of a director reorientation mechanism and a degenerate four wave mixing scheme, we have obtained the dependence of the diffraction beam intensity on that of the incident beam and the strength of the biased electric field. The theoretical prediction and experimental results both show that the phase grating diffraction can be dramatically enhanced by the coupling of the electric field to the optical field in the Freedericksz transition region. This is due to the critical behaviour of the sample at that transition. The prominently improved signal-to-noise ratio is discussed.
Privacy Risks with Facebook's PII-Based Targeting: Auditing a Data Broker's Advertising Interface (2018)

Sites like Facebook and Google now serve as de facto data brokers, aggregating data on users for the purpose of implementing powerful advertising platforms. Historically, these services allowed advertisers to select which users see their ads via targeting attributes. Recently, most advertising platforms have begun allowing advertisers to target users directly by uploading the personal information of the users who they wish to advertise to (e.g., their names, email addresses, phone numbers, etc.); these services are often known as custom audiences. Custom audiences effectively represent powerful linking mechanisms, allowing advertisers to leverage any PII (e.g., from customer data, public records, etc.) to target users. In this paper, we focus on Facebook's custom audience implementation and demonstrate attacks that allow an adversary to exploit the interface to infer users' PII as well as to infer their activity. Specifically, we show how the adversary can infer users' full phone numbers knowing just their email address, determine whether a particular user visited a website, and de-anonymize all the visitors to a website by inferring their phone numbers en masse. These attacks can be conducted without any interaction with the victim(s), cannot be detected by the victim(s), and do not require the adversary to spend money or actually place an ad. We propose a simple and effective fix to the attacks based on reworking the way Facebook de-duplicates uploaded information. Facebook's security team acknowledged the vulnerability and has put into place a fix that is a variant of the fix we propose. Overall, our results indicate that advertising platforms need to carefully consider the privacy implications of their interfaces.
Biodegradation of polyethylene and polypropylene (2008)

Polyethylene and polypropylene are the two polyolefins with wide ranging applications. They are recalcitrant and hence remain inert to degradation and deterioration leading to their accumulation in the environment, and, therefore creating serious environmental problems. In this review, biodegradation of these two polymers under in vitro conditions is reported. An attempt has been made to cover the mechanism of biodegradation, the various bacterial and fungal organisms that have been reported for the same, methods adopted for the studies and different characterization techniques followed to measure the extent of degradation
The cytochrome bd-type quinol oxidase is important for survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis under peroxide and antibiotic-induced stress (2015)

Targeting respiration and ATP synthesis has received strong interest as a new strategy for combatting drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacteria employ a respiratory chain terminating with two branches. One of the branches includes a cytochrome bc1 complex and an aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase while the other branch terminates with a cytochrome bd-type quinol oxidase. In this communication we show that genetic inactivation of cytochrome bd, but not of cytochrome bc1, enhances the susceptibility of Mycobacterium smegmatis to hydrogen peroxide and antibiotic-induced stress. The type-II NADH dehydrogenase effector clofazimine and the ATP synthase inhibitor bedaquiline were bacteriostatic against wild-type M. smegmatis, but strongly bactericidal against a cytochrome bd mutant. We also demonstrated that the quinone-analog aurachin D inhibited mycobacterial cytochrome bd at sub-micromolar concentrations. Our results identify cytochrome bd as a key survival factor in M. smegmatis during antibiotic stress. Targeting the cytochrome bd respiratory branch therefore appears to be a promising strategy that may enhance the bactericidal activity of existing tuberculosis drugs.
Polyacrylic Microspheres as a Solid Phase for Microparticle Enhanced Nephelometric Immunoassay (Nephelia (R)) of Transferrin (1991)

Polyfunctional hydrophilic microspheres (MS) can be produced by copolymerisation with gamma-irradiation of acrylic monomers. Transferrin (TRF) can be covalently bound to these MS by reaction between aldehyde groups of the MS and primary amino groups of the protein. MS-TRF conjugates thus obtained are agglutinated by specific antiserum and this agglutination is inhibited by free TRF. Agglutination and inhibition are quantified by measurement of the light scattered by MS-TRF conjugate clusters with a specially designed nephelometer, a process designated as microparticle enhanced nephelometric immunoassay (NEPHELIA (R)) for TRF. Recovery, correlation and reproducibility studies, simultaneously performed in three different laboratories, show that this TRF immunoassay is accurate for a large concentration range. NEPHELIA (R) may appear as an alternative method for a large variety of molecules.