gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene dosage effects on the synthesis of maltase in yeast (1979)

Inbred strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae carrying MAL1, MAL2, or MAL6 in a common background were used to construct (i) homo- or heterozygous diploids carrying one or two active alleles of a single MAL locus (MAL1, MAL2, or MAL6) and (ii) triploids carrying one, two, or three active alleles of MAL2. The diploid and triploid strains were used to investigate gene dosage effects of the differential rate of maltase synthesis (delta enzyme activity/delta growth) and the kinetics of induction (for MAL2). All three MAL loci exhibited a gene dosage effect on the differential rate of maltase synthesis; MAL2 also exhibited a gene dosage effect on the kinetics of induction. The dosage effects of the MAL1 and MAL6 loci were additive, but the effects of the MAL2 locus were not; the magnitude of the MAL2 gene dosage effect decreased with increasing dosage. These results are compatible with the current genetic evidence that the MAL genes are regulatory loci if the product(s) of the MAL1 and MAL6 locus is produced in limiting amounts but the product(s) of the MAL2 locus is produced in excess, except at very low genes dosages.
Selection of Therapy for Stage III Breast Cancer (1990)

Locally advanced breast cancer is a heterogenous group including both operable and inoperable lesions. Local surgery or radiation alone produces poor survival rates, indicating micrometastases at diagnosis. Systemic chemotherapy as part of multimodality regimens has increased the length and rate of disease-free survival.
Photobiomodulation reduces abdominal adipose tissue inflammatory infiltrate of diet‐induced obese and hyperglycemic mice (2016)

Systemic inflammation is closely related to the development of insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes, since the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways leads to inhibition of insulin signaling. Although photobiomodulation (PBM) has proven beneficial effects on the treatment of inflammatory disorders, the phototherapeutic approach to manage the chronic inflammatory component of obesity and hyperglycemia had never been explored. In this work, obese and hyperglycemic mice are treated with PBM, and their body mass, glycemia and inflammatory infiltrate of abdominal adipose tissue are evaluated. During four weeks, irradiated animals are exposed to six irradiation sessions using an 843 nm LED (5.7 J cm<sup>-2</sup> at 19 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> per session). Non-irradiated control animals display inflammatory areas almost five times greater than the treated group (p < 0.001). This result on inflammatory infiltrate may have caused impacts on the significant lower blood glucose level from irradiated animals (p = 0.04), twenty-four hours after the last irradiation session. PBM on obese and hyperglycemic mice reduced five times the areas of inflammatory infiltrate within abdominal adipose tissue (a, b), whereas dense inflammatory regions were a common finding amidst non-irradiated animals (c). The asterisks on (c) correspond to the inflammatory infiltrate permeating adipocytes.
Involvement of the TonB System in Tolerance to Solvents and Drugs in<i>Pseudomonas putida</i>DOT-T1E (2001)

Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E is able to grow with glucose as the carbon source in liquid medium with 1% (vol/vol) toluene or 17 g of (123 mM) p-hydroxybenzoate (4HBA) per liter. After random mini-Tn5'phoA-Km mutagenesis, we isolated the mutant DOT-T1E-PhoA5, which was more sensitive than the wild type to 4HBA (growth was prevented at 6 g/liter) and toluene (the mutant did not withstand sudden toluene shock). Susceptibility to toluene and 4HBA resulted from the reduced efflux of these compounds from the cell, as revealed by accumulation assays with (14)C-labeled substrates. The mutant was also more susceptible to a number of antibiotics, and its growth in iron-deficient minimal medium was inhibited in the presence of ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (EDDHA). Cloning the mutation in the PhoA5 strain and sequencing the region adjacent showed that the mini-Tn5 transposor interrupted the exbD gene, which forms part of the exbBD tonB operon. Complementation by the exbBD and tonB genes cloned in pJB3-Tc restored the wild-type characteristics to the PhoA5 strain.
Very volatile organic compounds: an understudied class of indoor air pollutants (2014)

Very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs), as categorized by the WHO, are an important subgroup of indoor pollutants and cover a wide spectrum of chemical substances. Some VVOCs are components of products commonly used indoors, some result from chemical reactions and some are reactive precursors of secondary products. Nevertheless, there is still no clear and internationally accepted definition of VVOCs. Current approaches are based on the boiling point, and the saturation vapor pressure or refer to analytical procedures. A significant problem is that many airborne VVOCs cannot be routinely analyzed by the usually applied technique of sampling on Tenax TA® followed by thermal desorption GC/MS or by DNPH-sampling/HPLC/UV. Some VVOCs are therefore often neglected in indoor-related studies. However, VVOCs are of high significance for indoor air quality assessment and there is need for their broader consideration in measurement campaigns and material emission testing.
PEGylated Nanoceria as Radical Scavenger with Tunable Redox Chemistry (2009)

We report the direct synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) in polyethylene glycol (PEG) based solutions with efficient radical scavenging properties. Synthesis of CNPs in PEG demonstrated a concentration dependent (of PEG) redox activity characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. PEGylated CNPs acted as efficient radical scavengers, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of CNPs synthesized in various concentration of PEG did not reduce compared to bare nanoceria. In addition to superoxide, PEGylated nanoceria demonstrated quenching of peroxide radicals as well. It was observed that the reaction with hydrogen peroxide leads to the formation of a charge transfer complex governed by the concentration of PEG. The stability of the charge transfer complex provides the tunable oxidation state of CNPs. The stability of this complex influences the regenerative capacity of the active 3+ oxidation state of CNPs. The cell viability as well as SOD activity of PEGylated CNPs is compared to those of bare CNPs, and the differences are outlined.
Functionalized SBA-15 Materials as Carriers for Controlled Drug Delivery:  Influence of Surface Properties on Matrix−Drug Interactions (2005)

Mesoporous SBA-15 materials were functionalized with amine groups through postsynthesis and one-pot synthesis, and the resulting functionalized materials were investigated as matrixes for controlled drug delivery. The materials were characterized by FTIR, N(2) adsorption/desorption analysis, zeta potential measurement, XRD, XPS, and TEM. Ibuprofen (IBU) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were selected as model drugs and loaded onto the unmodified and functionalized SBA-15. It was revealed that the adsorption capacities and release behaviors of these model drugs were highly dependent on the different surface properties of SBA-15 materials. The release rate of IBU from SBA-15 functionalized by postsynthesis is found to be effectively controlled as compared to that from pure SBA-15 and SBA-15 functionalized by one-pot synthesis due to the ionic interaction between carboxyl groups in IBU and amine groups on the surface of SBA-15. However, SBA-15 functionalized by one-pot synthesis is found to be more favorable for the adsorption and release of BSA due to the balance of electrostatic interaction and hydrophilic interaction between BSA and the functionalized SBA-15 matrix.
A Theoretical FE-Based Model Developed to Predict the Relative Contribution of Convective and Diffusive Transport Mechanisms for the Maintenance of Local Equilibria Within Cortical Bone (1998)

Abstract Whereas diffusion has been shown to be the major contributing mechanism for mass transfer in the extravascular spaces of organs and soft tissues, it is unlikely that diffusion alone can account for sufficient molecular transport in the porous yet relatively impermeable tissue of cortical bone. An alternate mechanism for such mass transfer is intrinsic to the functional role of cortical bone in transferring loads within the musculoskeletal system. Namely, it has been proposed that mechanical loading causes minute deformations within the poroelastic tissue of cortical bone, resulting in extravascular fluid displacements. This biophysical phenomenon is referred to as load-induced interstitial or extravascular fluid flow. In order to establish the role of convective transport mechanisms for maintenance of healthy bone metabolism and to investigate the potential role of convective transport (via load-induced fluid flow) for processes associated with functional adaptation, we developed a theoretical osteon model based on finite element methods. A study designed to simulate short term transport (circa 1 second or half a gait cycle) in a single osteon corroborated the hypothesis that diffusion alone is insufficient for molecular transport between the blood supply and remotely lying bone cells. Simulations of long term transport (circa one day) showed that convection via load-induced flow can be expected to improve this transport significantly.
In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis strains isolated from excised appendix of patients with phlegmonous or gangrenous appendicitis. (2000)

Out of 34 studied after-appendectomy tissues of adult and child patients 86 different strains of anaerobes were isolated. The antibiotic susceptibility of 30 isolated B. fragilis strains was tested using E tests. All studied strains were sensitive to imipenem, clindamycin and penicillin/tazobactam. Sensitivity to penicillin and cefoxitin was variable among these strains. One strain resistant to metronidazole (MIC--256 mg/L) and 3 strains with increased MIC to metronidazole were detected. Most of isolated strains were beta-lactamase producers.
Upscaling, Gridding, and Simulation Using Streamtubes (1998)

Abstract This paper presents an innovative upscaling methodology based on the semi-analytical simulator developed in the first part. The methodology generates a coarse grid based on streamtubes and isobars, whose upscaled properties are accurately calculated using the properties of each streamtube that constitutes the coarse block. Beyond the calculation of upscaled static properties of the grid, the methodology also calculates upscaled relative permeability curves, or pseudoflinctions, using the semi-analytical streamtube method to perform this without requiring any significant additional time. Tests showed that the results from the streamtube coarse grid had an excellent agreement with the fine grid solution. In contrast, simulations with a coarse grid upscaled with conventional techniques failed in many situations. Although this upscaling methodology is heavily based on a fixed streamtube simulaflon method, it provided good results even for situations in which this streamtube simulator is not supposed to work, such as displacements with favorable mobility ratios, and for problems with gravity and compressibility. P. 361
Self‐Organized Origami Structures via Ion‐Induced Plastic Strain (2012)

Ion processing of the reactive surface of a free-standing polycrystalline metal film induces a flow of atoms into grain boundaries, resulting in plastic deformation. A thorough experimental and theoretical analysis of this process is presented, along with the demonstration of novel engineering concepts for precisely controlled 3D assembly at micro- and nanoscopic scales.
Controlled release: mechanisms and release. (1974)

Controlled-release systems of drug administration are discussed with an explanation of how the controlled release of agents according to zero-order of 1st-order kinetics (or other patterns) arises from membrane-moderated devices and the application of diffusion laws. Parameters which determine the release rate are discussed and it is shown how the release rate changes with alterations in these parameters. 2 types of membrane-moderated controlled-release devices are described: 1) those which are composed of a core of active agent surrounded by an inert diffusion barrier and 2) those in which the active agent is dissolved or dispersed in the diffusion barrier.
Synthesis of a novel difunctional NLO azo‐dye chromophore and characterizations of crosslinkable copolymers with stable electrooptic properties (1999)

The synthesis and the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of crosslinkable copolymers based on a novel NLO azo-dye chromophore bearing two functions: one used the free-radical copolymerization, that is, the methacrylate group, and the other one used for the crosslinking process, that is, the carboxylic acid function, are described. Copolymerization of this new monomer with glycidyl methacrylate leads to novel soluble crosslinkable NLO copolymers bearing free epoxy and carboxylic groups. The poling process, before crosslinking, is achieved at a temperature (Tp) close to the glass transition temperature, Tg (<70°C), of the copolymers. At this temperature, no reaction takes place between epoxy and carboxylic acid functions. In fact, crosslinking begins to start at a higher temperature, Tc (Tc ≫ Tp ≈ Tg). After the optimization of the poling and crosslinking processes, the NLO crosslinked polymer with 30 mol % of the chromophore exhibits a Tg of 157°C and a high quadratic susceptibility (d33) of 30 pm/V at 1320 nm. This coefficient is stable at 85°C for several weeks. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 974–982, 1999
The Dynamin-dependent, Arrestin-independent Internalization of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) Serotonin Receptors Reveals Differential Sorting of Arrestins and 5-HT2A Receptors during Endocytosis (2001)

5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptors, a major site of action of clozapine and other atypical antipsychotic medications, are, paradoxically, internalized in vitro and in vivo by antagonists and agonists. The mechanisms responsible for this paradoxical regulation of 5-HT2A receptors are unknown. In this study, the arrestin and dynamin dependences of agonist- and antagonist-mediated internalization were investigated in live cells using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged 5-HT2A receptors (SR2-GFP). Preliminary experiments indicated that GFP tagging of 5-HT2A receptors had no effect on either the binding affinities of several ligands or agonist efficacy. Likewise, both the native receptor and SR2-GFP were internalized via endosomes in vitro. Experiments with a dynamin dominant-negative mutant (dynamin K44A) demonstrated that both agonist- and antagonist-induced internalization were dynamin-dependent. By contrast, both the agonist- and antagonist-induced internalization of SR2-GFP were insensitive to three different arrestin (Arr) dominant-negative mutants (Arr-2 V53D, Arr-2-(319-418), and Arr-3-(284-409)). Interestingly, 5-HT2A receptor activation by agonists, but not antagonists, induced greater Arr-3 than Arr-2 translocation to the plasma membrane. Importantly, the agonist-induced internalization of 5-HT2A receptors was accompanied by differential sorting of Arr-2, Arr-3, and 5-HT2A receptors into distinct plasma membrane and intracellular compartments. The agonist-induced redistribution of Arr-2 and Arr-3 into intracellular vesicles and plasma membrane compartments distinct from those involved in 5-HT2A receptor internalization implies novel roles for Arr-2 and Arr-3 independent of 5-HT2A receptor internalization and desensitization.
Preventing posterior capsule opacification by creating a discontinuous sharp bend in the capsule (1999)

The discontinuous sharp capsule bend created by the sharp optic edges in both IOL types appeared to induce contact inhibition of the migrating LECs. The preventive effect of an acrylic IOL on posterior capsule opacification may be design dependent.
Successful autografting in chronic myeloid leukaemia after maintenance of marrow in culture. (1989)

We have previously shown that Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive cells rapidly disappear when marrow from patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is cultured under conditions that maintain normal haematopoiesis for many weeks. The ability of marrow maintained in culture for 10 days to serve as an autograft has now been tested in three patients treated with intensive chemoradiotherapy. Two weeks after transplantation, marrow samples from all patients showed trilineage haematopoiesis. Neutrophil counts greater than 1.0 x 10(9)/l were achieved in all patients within 4 weeks, and platelet counts greater than 20 x 10(9)/l were achieved in two patients within 5 weeks. During this period of haematopoietic recovery, marrow cells were exclusively Ph1-negative in two patients and predominantly so in the third. These results suggest that engraftment can occur from Ph1-negative haematopoietic stem cells selected by maintenance of autologous CML marrow in culture for 10 days. Thus, the feasibility of using this approach to allow intensive and potentially curative therapy for CML has been established.
Development of a Radiation Tolerant All Solid State Tracking and Command System (1965)

As a part of the SNAPSHOT program, all equipment which must function during orbital operation of the SNAP 10A nuclear power system must be designed to withstand, in addition to the usual environments of launch and earth orbit, the leakage flux from the on-board nuclear reactor. This flux consists of neutrons and gamma rays which over a one year operating period may produce total doses of 1013 neutrons/cm2 with energies greater than 0.1 Mev, and 2 × 107 Rads (carbon) gammas. To be discussed here are the radiation hardening aspects of the development of a doppler command and tracking system for this program.
A Technique for Open Boundary Treatment in Numerical Wave Tanks (1993)

This paper presents a technique for open boundary treatment in numerical wave tanks. In the present study regular progressive waves are generated at the left end of a two-dimensional tank and sent towards the right end of the tank which is considered as the open or radiation boundary. Vertical velocity is reduced exponentially inside the velocity reduction zone (VRZ) which is adjacent to the right end of the tank. Then Sommerfeld radiation condition (SRC) is applied at the right boundary. The influence of the length of VRZ and the velocity reduction function is studied. The performance of the tank with the proposed technique for open boundary treatment is evaluated by kinetic energy, fluctuation of wave train and repeatability of the wave profile.It is found from the study that :(1) Sommerfeld radiation condition cannot be applied alone for open boundary treatment in numerical computation.(2) Reduction of vertical velocity is necessary before applying SRC.(3) A suitable combination of the length of VRZ and velocity reduction function is required for steady simulation.
Alerting reaction and rise in blood pressure during measurement by physician and nurse. (1987)

Blood pressure was monitored by a continuous intra-arterial recording in 46 subjects to investigate whether the alarm reaction and the blood pressure and heart rate increases that occur during cuff blood pressure measurement made by a physician 1) attenuate when the physician's visit is repeated several times and 2) are less pronounced if a nurse measures the blood pressure. In 16 subjects the peak mean blood pressure and heart rate rises that occurred in the early part of the physician's first visit (22.6 +/- 1.8 mm Hg and 17.7 +/- 1.7 beats/min) were virtually identical to those occurring during three subsequent visits by the same physician throughout a 2-day intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring. The less pronounced pressor and tachycardic responses observed in the last part of the physician's visit also were virtually identical among the four visits. In contrast, in 30 other subjects the blood pressure and heart rate rises that occurred during the nurse's visit were 46.7% and 42.1% less (p less than 0.01) than those occurring during the physician's visit. The late and less pronounced pressor and tachycardic responses to the visit were also significantly less (p less than 0.01) in the former than in the latter condition. These results indicate that the error of overestimation of blood pressure inherent in cuff blood pressure measurement by a physician cannot be avoided by repeated visits by the physician over a short time span. It clearly can be reduced, however, if blood pressure measurements are performed by a nurse.
Studies on Chitin (1950)

By the glycolation of chitin with ethylene oxide, the glycol chitin, which is a new derivative of chitin, was prepared. (1) Alkali chitin was dispersed in NaOH solution by stirring vigorously with ice at 0°. After the concentration of NaOH in the dispersed solution was made to 13% and an equal or less amount of ethylene oxide to the amount of chitin used was added to it, this dispersed solution was kept at 33° for one or two hours. The glycol chitin thus obtained is easily soluble in water and gives an extremely viscous solution. (2) It is a mono-hydroxyethyl ether of chitin in which only the primary hydroxyl groups of chitin were selectively glycolated.
Synthesis and field emission characteristics of carbon nanocoils with a high aspect ratio supported by copper micro-tips (2007)

Carbon nanocoils (CNCs) were synthesized via thermal chemical vapour deposition (CVD) with C2H2 and NH3 gases at 600 °C. A Ni catalyst was placed upon the copper micro-tip structures that were fabricated on a silicon substrate. Our CNCs had a long rope shape with a length not exceeding 100 µm and a nanoscale diameter. The copper micro-tips were formed through high current pulse electroplating, which played a significant role in characterizing our CNCs. The CNCs grown on the copper micro-tips showed outstanding field emission performance and long-term stability. Their turn-on field, defined as that at a current density of 10 µA cm−2, was 1.30 V µm−1 and the maximum current density reached 11.17 mA cm−2 at an electric field of 2.39 V µm−1.
Joint maximum a posteriori estimation of transformation and hidden Markov model parameters (2002)

Model adaptation techniques can usually be divided into indirect and direct approaches. On one hand, indirect or transformation-based techniques assume that a general transformation shared amongst different acoustic units is applied to clusters of model parameters. Such approaches (e.g. MLLR-maximum likelihood linear regression) are quite efficient when the amount of adaptation data is limited, but have poor asymptotic properties as the amount of adaptation data increases. On the other hand, direct adaptation approaches, like maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation have nice asymptotic properties but provide only a moderate improvement when the amount of adaptation data is small. In this work, we jointly optimize a direct and indirect adaptation to take advantage of both approaches. Contrary to published approaches where direct and indirect adaptation are performed one after the other with a very loose interaction and no joint estimation criterion, we propose to estimate a MLLR-like transformation as well as the HMM mean vectors simultaneously, using a MAP estimation criterion. The optimal interaction between the direct and indirect adaptation associated with the prior knowledge provided by the MAP criterion leads to improvement over MLLR and MAP for all size of adaptation data evaluated.