gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of Self-Consolidating Concrete made with Diutan Gum (2006)

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Closed-loop DBS with movement intention (2015)

In this paper we present a prototype proof-of-concept for a closed-loop deep brain stimulation system for patients with essential tremor. This system makes use of sensed movement intentions via EEG to determine when stimulation is required and automatically enables stimulation only when needed. We demonstrate this system using a healthy subject and a benchtop experimental prototype. By limiting stimulation to only when it is therapeutically required, implanted neurostimulators can be more power efficient and potentially limit the period where patients experience side-effects to only the time when therapy is needed.
Cortisol metabolites in human and dog plasma a comparative study (1976)

To investigate cortisol metabolism in humans and dogs, radioactive cortisol was administered intravenously to 14 healthy volunteers and 2 male dogs. Blood was obtained 2.5 hours later and the metabolites in the plasma were separated by high voltage electrophoresis and paper chromatography, identified by reverse isotope dilution and quantified. The results obtained were as follows.1) In the human plasma, the unconjugated fraction contained 45%, of total plasma radioactivity, the glucuronide fraction 47%, and the sulfate fraction 4%. In the dog plasma, free metabolites accounted for less (<30%), and conjugated metabolites more (>60%) of plasma radioactivity.2) In the human plasma, cortisol and cortisone were the major free metabolites and tetrahydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisone constituted the main bulk of glucuronide conjugates. In the dog plasma, on the other hand, cortols and cortolones were the most abundant metabolites in all fractions, and 20-dihydrocortisol and 20-dihydrocortisone were predominant over cortisol and cortisone.3) In the human plasma, small amounts of 6-hydroxy-metabolites (6-hydroxycortisol, 6-hydroxycortisone and their C-20 reduced metabolites) were found. In the dog plasma, all fractions contained substantial amounts of 6-hydroxy-20-dihydro compounds. The major one was assumed to be 6-hydroxycortol or 6-hydroxycortolone and others were 6-hydroxy-20-dihydrocortisol and 6-hydroxy-20-dihydrocortisone. No 6-hydroxycortisol or 6-hydroxycortisone was detected.It is suggested that metabolic disposal of cortisol is quantitatively different in the different species ; i. e. more extensive C-20 ketone reduction and 6-hydroxylation occur in the dog.
A Flexible Notification System for Stocks Investors (2009)

This paper discusses a new flexible system to monitor stocks information available from Web services or dynamic HTML documents. This system allows users to use any public information available on the Internet for defining notification criteria. This opens up a huge repository of dynamic information related to stock investments such as current stock prices, daily trading volumes, current offer prices and volumes, current bid prices and volumes, n-day trading averages, interest rates, currency exchange rates, etc. All this public information can be used to define the stocks monitoring criteria based on the specific investor requirements. Based on the defined criteria, notification messages are generated and sent to the investor notifying him/her whenever the criteria are met. A number of applications related to stocks investment can benefit from this system.
The Vibrational Reorganization Energy in Pentacene:  Molecular Influences on Charge Transport (2002)

The reorganization energy in pentacene is reported on the basis of a joint experimental and theoretical study of pentacene ionization using high-resolution gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy, semiempirical intermediate neglect of differential overlap calculations, and first-principles correlated quantum-mechanical calculations at MP2 and density functional theory levels. The reorganization energy upon positive ionization of pentacene is determined both experimentally and theoretically to be remarkably low. This is one key element that allows one to rationalize the extremely high hole mobilities recently measured in pentacene single crystals.
Lossless Hyperspectral-Image Compression Using Context-Based Conditional Average (2007)

In this paper, a new algorithm for lossless compression of hyperspectral images is proposed. The spectral redundancy in hyperspectral images is exploited using a context-match method driven by the correlation between adjacent bands. This method is suitable for hyperspectral images in the band-sequential format. Moreover, this method compares favorably with the recent proposed lossless compression algorithms in terms of compression, with a lower complexity.
Experimental Measurement of Coulomb Energy and Intrinsic Dielectric Polarizability of a Multiply Protonated Peptide Ion Using Electrospray Ionization Fourier-Transform Mass Spectrometry (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimental Measurement of Coulomb Energy and Intrinsic Dielectric Polarizability of a Multiply Protonated Peptide Ion Using Electrospray Ionization Fourier-Transform Mass SpectrometryDeborah S. Gross and Evan R. WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3, 883–890Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00108a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00108a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views292Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Table extraction using conditional random fields (2003)

The ability to find tables and extract information from them is a necessary component of data mining, question answering and other information retrieval tasks. Documents often contain tables in order to communicate densely packed, multi-dimensional information. Tables do this by employing layout patterns to efficiently indicate fields and records in two-dimensional form. Their rich combination of formatting and content present difficulties for traditional language modeling techniques, however. The poster presents the use of conditional random fields (CRFs) for table extraction, and compares them with hidden Markov models (HMMs). Unlike HMMs, CRFs support the use of many rich and overlapping layout and language features, and as a result, they perform significantly better.
An In Situ X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study of Charged Li ( 1 − z ) Ni ( 1 + z )  O 2 Cathode Material (1999)

We have measured in situ the Ni K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectra of cathode material charged in a nonaqueous cell. The material was charged to various states of charge (i.e., Li content) which corresponded to x = 0.0, 0.12, 0.24, 0.37, 0.49, and 0.86 in . We have determined variations in the Ni‒O and Ni‒Ni coordination numbers, bond lengths, and local disorders as well as the Ni K‐edge energies as a function of Li content. We show that in the pristine state, the composition of the material can be described by the formula (i.e., x = 0 and = 0.14). That is, the material consists of (25%) and (75%) with half the atoms residing in Li sites and the other half in the slabs. Upon charging, initially is oxidized to up to a state of charge which corresponds to x = 2 . Upon further charging to states corresponding to 2z <x≤1 − z, is oxidized to with fractions being dependent on the values of x and z. Analysis of the edge energies for NiO, stoichiometric , and as reference compounds for , , and , respectively, shows a quadratic dependence for edge energy vs. oxidation state. This type of correlation is consistent with variations observed in earlier studies for some Mn reference compounds in the same range of oxidation states. Oxidation‐state determination of Ni in as a function of state of charge (i.e., Li content or x) on the basis of edge energies yielded results which are in excellent agreement with oxidation state determinations made on the basis of the mole fractions for , , and extracted from extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectra. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Assignment of the gene for human sphingolipid activator protein-2 (SAP-2) to chromosome 10. (1985)

Sphingolipid activator protein-2 (SAP-2) has been found to stimulate the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosylceramide, galactosylceramide, and sphingomyelin. When human skin fibroblast extracts were subjected to sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electroblotting and immunochemical staining using monospecific antibodies against SAP-2, two or three major bands with estimated mol. wts. of 9,000-10,000 were found. These antibodies did not crossreact with purified SAP-1, another activating protein, or with extracts of CHO-K1 cells. A series of 22 human/Chinese hamster ovary cell hybrids containing different human chromosomes were examined by this method. All eight hybrid clones containing human chromosome 10 were found to have crossreacting protein in this region. Other chromosomes could be excluded by this method. From these results, we conclude that the gene coding for human SAP-2 is located on chromosome 10.
Subdominant CD8<sup>+</sup>T-Cell Responses Are Involved in Durable Control of AIDS Virus Replication (2007)

"Elite controllers" are individuals that durably control human immunodeficiency virus or simian immunodeficiency virus replication without therapeutic intervention. The study of these rare individuals may facilitate the definition of a successful immune response to immunodeficiency viruses. Here we describe six Indian-origin rhesus macaques that have controlled replication of the pathogenic virus SIVmac239 for 1 to 5 years. To determine which lymphocyte populations were responsible for this control, we transiently depleted the animals' CD8+ cells in vivo. This treatment resulted in 100- to 10,000-fold increases in viremia. When the CD8+ cells returned, control was reestablished and the levels of small subsets of previously subdominant CD8+ T cells expanded up to 2,500-fold above pre-depletion levels. This wave of CD8+ T cells was accompanied by robust Gag-specific CD4 responses. In contrast, CD8+ NK cell frequencies changed no more than threefold. Together, our data suggest that CD8+ T cells targeting a small number of epitopes, along with broad CD4+ T-cell responses, can successfully control the replication of the AIDS virus. It is likely that subdominant CD8+ T-cell populations play a key role in maintaining this control.
Colloidal functionalized calcined zeolite nanocrystals (2004)

Template-free suspensions of functionalized zeolite nanoparticles are obtained by two consecutive grafting procedures. Firstly, organic ligands grafted at template-containing zeolite nanocrystals inhibit irreversible aggregation during the combustion of the structure directing agent. A second grafting provides stable colloidal functionalized zeolite nanocrystals with organic ligands grafted at silicon or aluminium surface zeolite atoms. This procedure is applicable to zeolites with any framework composition and opens up routes for the preparation of various functional materials (controlled release capsules, chemical sensors and adsorbents for example).
The Mechanism of Corrosion of Metal Pipes in Soils and Practical Method of Prevention (1956)

SEVERE and rapid corrosion of lead piping is rare and usually of a localised nature, and it has been suggested that the following factors may result in this kind of attack:
Formation of η1-P-(2-Phosphinophenol)Ni(0)(PMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and Oxidation to cis/trans-Bis(2-phosphinophenolato)nickel(II) Complexes (1999)

o-Phosphinophenols 1 (P⌒OH ) react with equimolar amounts of Ni(PMe 3 ) 4 at low temperatures to give yellow Ni(0) complexes such as [(HO∼P)Ni(PMe 3 ) 3 ] 2a with only P coordination of the P⌒OH ligand. Oxidation of solutions of 1 and Ni(PMe 3 ) 4 by dioxygen leads to brown bis(o-phosphinophenolato-P⌒O)nickel chelate complexes 3a-d. Structure elucidation by NMR is consistent with a cis-square planar geometry for 3a-c and a trans-square planar solution structure of the tert-butylphenylphosphino derivative 3d. The geometric isomers were distinguished by different ranges of phosphorus coordination shifts and 31 P- 13 C-2 and 31 P- 13 C-1 coupling constants. In the solid state, 3d adopts also a cis-square planar geometry. The steric stress of the substituents causes anti-orientation of the tert-butyl groups at phosphorus (R,R and S,S diastereoisomers) and a significant distorsion (22°) of the planes of the two five-membered rings. With less bulky substituents the R,S and S,R diastereoisomers are preferred as in the cis-square planar complex 3c with syn-orientation of the two isopropyl and phenyl groups, respectively.
Introduction to Response Surface Methodology (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Indeterminancy of Experimentation Iterative Nature of the Experimental Learning Process Some Classes of Problems (Which, How, Why) Need for Experimental Design Geometric Representation of Response Relationships Three Kinds of Applications
Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy by Four-Wave Mixing Using Polarization Grating-Induced Thermal Gratings (1997)

A novel four-wave mixing technique for the measurement of circular dichroism in optically active liquid samples is demonstrated. When two cross-polarized continuous-wave laser beams are crossed at a small angle in a circular dichroic liquid, a weak thermal grating is produced with a phase depending on the sign of the circular dichroism. The polarization of one of the beams can be modified to allow coherent interference with an intensity grating-induced thermal grating. A probe beam scattering from the composite grating results in a coherent signal beam that reveals the sign and the magnitude of analyte circular dichroism. The use of this technique to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio in the presence of scattered light and laser noise is discussed.
GaAs PIN electro-optic travelling-wave modulator at 1.3 μm (1986)

A GaAs PIN travelling-wave modulator operated at 1.3 μm has been fabricated from material grown by organometallic vapour phase epitaxy (OMVPE) on an n+ (100) GaAs substrate. The device has a constant Vπ of 8 V from DC to 10 GHz and an optical extinction ratio of 13 dB. The optical insertion loss of the device is 3.5 dB, and the 3 dB frequency bandwidth is measured to be 4.1 GHz, which is limited by the microwave slowing induced by the n+ substrate.
Original Article: Impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy is associated with increased fetal mortality in preceding sibs (1997)

Objectives, To analyze whether women with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes in the current pregnancy had an increased rate of stillbirths or of large for gestational age infants in previous pregnancies without an overtly present/diagnosed gestational diabetes. Design. A case-control analysis with two controls for each case, matched for year of delivery, maternal age (5 year class), and parity. Material ami methods. All women with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes and delivered between 1987 and 1992 were identified from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. For each woman, the first delivery with that diagnosis was used as proband case (n = 3,958). To each case and control, all previous sibs since 1973 were identified. Comparisons were made between cases and controls but also between sibs of cases and sibs of controls. Results. No significant difference was found in stillbirth rate between cases and controls (OR 1.33. CL 0.64: 2.77). The rate of intrauterine deaths was significantly increased among previ...
Complexity bounds of Hoare-style proof systems (2002)

A refinement of the result that there is no sound and relatively complete proof system for a programming language if its partial correctness theory is undecidable even in finite interpretations is presented. By taking into account the computational complexity of this problem, information about structural properties of proof systems for a given programming language is obtained. The key in the proofs is the notion of an interpretation independent proof system. It is shown that ordinary systems are interpretation independent, but that such systems are limited in their power. It is proven that they can deal successfully only with assertions whose sets of finite models are in NPTIME. Some assertions about programs from E.M. Clarke's (1979) language L4 have a more complex (but still decidable) set of finite models. This substantiates why it was difficult to give a satisfactory proof system for this language. The author explains which features of Clarke's proof system allow problems of such complexity to be treated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic Classification of Plant Cells According to Tissue Type using Anatomical Features Obtained by the Distance Transform (1996)

Image analysis was used to develop a faster and more objective method for the quantitative measurement of plant anatomy. The size, number and anatomical features of individual cells were measured automatically using methods based on image skeletonization and the distance transform. The variation in cell wall thickness around individual cells was measured by masking the distance transform of a segmented binary cell wall image with a skeleton of the same image to extract distance values along the boundary between neighbouring cells. The measurements were used to create a multi-dimensional feature space in which individual cells were classified automatically according to their tissue type. Cells were classified into seven types using discriminant analysis, and the performance of the classification rule was examined by cross-validation. The potential use of these methods as a research tool, and in plant breeding programmes is discussed.
Spaceflight results in reduced mRNA levels for tissue-specific proteins in the musculoskeletal system (1994)

The purpose of the present study in growing rats was to investigate the effects of short-term spaceflight on gene expression in bone and muscle and on cortical bone histomorphometry. Two experiments were carried out; Physiological Systems Experiments 1 and 2 were 4- and 10-day flights, respectively. Radial bone growth in the humerus was unchanged during the 4-day flight and decreased during the 10-day flight. Expression of mRNA for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was unchanged in biceps, calvarial periosteum, and long-bone periosteum after spaceflight. Similarly, no changes in ribosomal RNA levels were observed in long-bone or calvarial periosteum after spaceflight. In contrast, spaceflight decreased steady-state mRNA levels for actin in muscle (4-day flight). Osteocalcin (both spaceflights) and the prepro-alpha 2[I] chain of type I precollagen (10-day flight) mRNA levels were decreased in long-bone and calvarial periosteum after spaceflight. These results indicate that the effects of spaceflight on the musculoskeletal system include decreased expression of some muscle- and bone-specific genes as well as decreased bone formation. Interestingly, detectable reductions in gene expression for bone matrix proteins preceded histological evidence for decreased bone formation.
5-aminosalicylic acid is an attractive candidate agent for chemoprevention of colon cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2005)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is classically subdivided into ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Patients with IBD have increased risk for colorectal cancer. Because the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma has not been entirely defined yet and there is no ideal treatment for colon cancer, cancer prevention has become increasingly important in patients with IBD. The two adopted methods to prevent the development of colon cancer in clinical practice include the prophylactic colectomy and colonoscopic surveillance. But patients and physicians seldom accept colectomy as a routine preventive method and most patients do not undergo appropriate colonoscopic surveillance. Chemoprevention refers to the use of natural or synthetic chemical agents to reverse, suppress, or to delay the process of carcinogenesis. Chemoprevention is a particularly useful method in the management of patients at high risk for the development of specific cancers based on inborn genetic susceptibility, the presence of cancer-associated disease, or other known risk factors. Prevention of colorectal cancer by administration of chemopreventive agents is one of the most promising options for IBD patients who are at increased risks of the disease. The chemopreventive efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) against intestinal tumors has been well established. But with reports that NSAIDs aggravated the symptoms of colitis, their sustained use for the purpose of cancer chemoprevention has been relatively contraindicated in IBD patients. Another hopeful candidate chemoprevention drug for IBD patients is 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which is well tolerated by most patients and has limited systemic adverse effects, and no gastrointestinal toxicity. 5-ASA lacks the well-known side effects of long-term NSAIDs use. Retrospective correlative studies have suggested that the long-term use of 5-ASA in IBD patients may significantly reduce the risk of development of colorectal cancer. According to the literature, this agent might well satisfy clinical expectations with respect to a safe and effective chemopreventive agent.
Effect of alignment layer conductivity on the bistability of surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid-crystal devices (1990)

Recent experimental results indicate that bistability is difficult to achieve in surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid-crystal devices with high spontaneous polarization (Ps) materials. We formulated the basic equations to analyze the bistability as a function of the conductivity and thickness of the alignment layers using Ps as a parameter. It is found that a threshold value of the conductivity, which approximately scales with both the thickness and Ps, exists to achieve good bistability. Numerical results are given to provide important guidances for choosing the alignment layer materials to obtain excellent bistability using high Ps materials.