gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Embedded wireless strain sensors based on printed RFID tag (2011)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a wireless strain sensor for measuring large strains. The sensor is based on passive ultra high‐frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and it can be embedded into a variety of structures. Design/methodology/approach Silver ink conductors and RFID tags were printed by the screen printing method on stretchable polyvinyl chloride and fabric substrates. The development of the strain‐sensitive RFID tag was based on the behavior of the selected antenna and substrate materials. Performance of the tags and the effect of mechanical strain on tag functioning were examined. Findings The results showed that large displacements can be successfully measured wirelessly using a stretchable RFID tag as a strain‐sensitive structure. The behavior of the tag can be modified by selection of the material. Research limitations/implications New tag designs, which are more sensitive to small levels of strain and which have a linear response will be the subject for future work. Tag performance under cyclic loading and in a real environment will also be investigated. Future work relating the investigation of practical applications and the system designing for the strain sensor will also be required. Practical implications Printing is fast and simple manufacturing process which does not produce much waste or material loss. The sensor is a new application of printed electronics. It also provides new opportunities for system designers. Originality/value The paper provides a new kind of wireless strain sensor which can be integrated into many structures (i.e. clothes). The sensor is a new application of printed electronics and it is made from novel materials.
Enzyme Regulation in C<sub>4</sub> Photosynthesis (1981)

NADP-malate dehydrogenase, a light-modulated enzyme of C(4) photosynthesis, was purified to homogeneity from leaves of corn. The pure enzyme was activated by thioredoxin m that was reduced either photochemically (with ferredoxin and ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase) or chemically (with dithiothreitol). Unactivated corn leaf NADP-malate dehydrogenase had a molecular weight of 50,000 to 60,000 and was chromophorefree. The enzyme appeared to have a high content of serine and glycine and to contain both S-S and SH groups. Consequently, NADP-malate dehydrogenase seems to be capable of undergoing reversible oxidation/reduction during its photoregulation.
Hyposialylation of neprilysin possibly affects its expression and enzymatic activity in hereditary inclusion‐body myopathy muscle (2007)

Autosomal recessive hereditary inclusion-body myopathy (h-IBM) is caused by mutations of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase gene, a rate-limiting enzyme in the sialic acid metabolic pathway. Previous studies have demonstrated an abnormal sialylation of glycoproteins in h-IBM. h-IBM muscle shows the abnormal accumulation of proteins including amyloid-beta (Abeta). Neprilysin (NEP), a metallopeptidase that cleaves Abeta, is characterized by the presence of several N-glycosylation sites, and changes in these sugar moieties affect its stability and enzymatic activity. In the present study, we found that NEP is hyposialylated and its expression and enzymatic activity reduced in all h-IBM muscles analyzed. In vitro, the experimental removal of sialic acid by Vibrio Cholerae neuraminidase in cultured myotubes resulted in reduced expression of NEP. This was most likely because of a post-translational modification consisting in an abnormal sialylation of the protein that leads to its reduced stability. Moreover, treatment with Vibrio Cholerae neuraminidase was associated with an increased immunoreactivity for Abeta mainly in the form of distinct cytoplasmic foci within myotubes. We hypothesize that, in h-IBM muscle, hyposialylated NEP has a role in hampering the cellular Abeta clearing system, thus contributing to its abnormal accumulation within vulnerable fibers and possibly promoting muscle degeneration.
Gamma ray spectroscopy and timing using LSO and PIN photodiodes (1995)

The high density, high light output, and short decay time of LSO (lutetium orthosilicate, Lu/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Ce) make it an attractive scintillator for gamma ray spectroscopy. The low cost, small size, high quantum efficiency, and ruggedness of silicon photodiodes make them attractive photodetectors for this same application, although their high noise (compared to a photomultiplier tube) reduces their appeal. In this work we measure the gamma ray energy resolution, timing accuracy, and conversion factor from gamma energy to number of electron-hole pairs produced with a 3/spl times/3/spl times/22 mm/sup 3/ LSO scintillator crystal read out with a 3/spl times/3 mm/sup 2/ silicon PIN photodiode. When the detector is excited with 511 keV photons, a photopeak centered at 1940 e/sup -/ with 149 keV fwhm is observed and a timing signal with 35 ns FWHM jitter is produced. When the detector is excited with 1275 keV photons, a photopeak centered at 4910 e/sup -/ with 149 keV FWHM is observed and a timing signal with 25 ns FWHM jitter is produced. While these performance measures are inferior to those obtained with photomultiplier tubes, they are acceptable for some applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integrated Sensing and Processing for Statistical Pattern Recognition (2004)

This article presents a simple version of Integrated Sensing and Processing (ISP) for statistical pattern recognition wherein the sensor measurements to be taken are adaptively selected based on task-specific metrics. Thus the measurement space in which the pattern recognition task is ultimately addressed integrates adaptive sensor technology with the specific task for which the sensor is employed. This end-to-end optimization of sensor/processor/exploitation subsystems is a theme of the DARPA Defense Sciences Office Applied and Computational Mathematics Program’s ISP program. We illustrate the idea with a pedagogical example and application to the HyMap hyperspectral sensor and the Tufts University “artificial nose” chemical sensor.
Automatic 3-D depth recovery from a single urban-scene image (2012)

In this paper, we focus on recovering a 3-D depth map from a single image via ground-vertical boundary analysis. First, we generate a ground map from the input image based on the spectral matting method, followed by a spatial geometric inference. After that, we derive the depth information for the ground-vertical boundaries. Unlike conventional approaches which generally use plane models to reconstruct a 3-D structure that fits the estimated boundaries, we infer a dense depth map by solving a Maximum-A-Posteriori (MAP) estimation problem. In this MAP problem, we use a generalized spatial-coherence prior model based on the Matting Laplacian (ML) matrix in order to provide a more robust solution for depth inference. We demonstrate that this approach can produce more pleasant depth maps for cluttered scenes.
Genetic evidence for difference between intracellular and extracellular peptides in influenza A matrix peptide-specific CTL recognition. (1995)

During the course of extensive mutagenesis of HLA-A2.1, we examined influenza A matrix peptide (FMP)-specific CTL recognition of HMy2.C1R (C1R) cells expressing mutant HLA-A2.1 molecules, sensitized with synthetic peptide, FMP 58-66, (exogenous peptide), or infected with influenza A virus (endogenous peptide). Most mutants showed equivalent presentation of exogenous and endogenous peptides to FMP-specific CTL. However, five of the mutants differed in this property. Two of the five mutants, F9L and T134K, present exogenous peptide to FMP-specific CTL, but fail to present endogenous peptide to CTL. Western blot analysis using anti-matrix protein Ab indicates that the matrix protein is expressed in these mutants after infection with virus. Interestingly, transfection of these two mutants with a minigene encoding FMP 58-66 results in efficient lysis by FMP-specific CTL. Peptide-binding assays demonstrate that the two mutations dramatically decrease the binding of FMP. However, these mutants bind FMP as well as wild type in the presence of exogenously added human beta 2-m, suggesting that the lower affinity for beta 2-m leads to the inability to present endogenous peptide. The remaining three mutants, Y27N, Q32K, and S132C, fail to present exogenous peptide, but present endogenous peptide to FMP-specific CTL. Pulse-chase analyses followed by endoglycosidase-H treatment show that the rate of maturation and processing of the five mutant HLA-A2 molecules in C1R cells is identical to that of wild type. Overall, this study suggests that the assembly and subsequent recognition of endogenous peptide differs from that of exogenous peptide.
Predicting sleep apnoea syndrome from heart period: a time-frequency wavelet analysis (2003)

Heart rate fluctuations are a typical finding during obstructive sleep apnoea, characterised by bradycardia during the apnoeic phase and tachycardia at the restoration of ventilation. In this study, a time-frequency domain analysis of the nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) was evaluated as the single diagnostic marker for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The predictive accuracy of time-frequency HRV variables (wavelet (Wv) decomposition parameters from level 2 (Wv2) to level 256 (Wv256)) obtained from nocturnal electrocardiogram Holter monitoring were analysed in 147 consecutive patients aged 53.8+/-11.2 yrs referred for possible OSAS. OSAS was diagnosed in 66 patients (44.9%) according to an apnoea/hypopnoea index > or = 10. Using receiver-operating characteristic curves analysis, the most powerful predictor variable was Wv32 (W 0.758, p<0.0001), followed by Wv16 (W 0.729, p<0.0001) and Wv64 (W 0.700, p<0.0001). Classification and Regression Trees methodology generated a decision tree for OSAS prediction including all levels of Wv coefficients, from Wv2 to Wv256 with a sensitivity reaching 92.4% and a specificity of 90.1% (percentage of agreement 91.2%) with this nonparametric analysis. Time-frequency parameters calculated using wavelet transform and extracted from the nocturnal heart period analysis appeared as powerful tools for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome diagnosis.
Adult stem cells and their ability to differentiate. (2006)

This is a review of the current status of knowledge on adult stem cells as well as the criteria and evidence for their potential to transform into different cell types and cell lineages. Reports on stem cell sources, focusing on tissues from adult subjects, were also investigated. Numerous reports have been published on the search for early markers of both stem cells and the precursors of various cell lineages. The question is still open about the characteristics of the primary stem cell. The existing proofs and hypotheses have not yielded final solutions to this problem. From a practical point of view it is also crucial to find a minimal set of markers determining the phenotypes of the precursor cells of a particular cell lineage. Several lines of evidence seem to bring closer the day when we will be able to detect the right stem cell niche and successfully isolate precursor cells that are needed for the treatment of a particular disorder. Recent reports on cases of cancer in patients subjected to stem cell therapy are yet another controversial issue looked into in this review, although the pros and cons emerging from the results of published studies still do not provide satisfying evidence to fully understand this issue.
Viscosupplementation with Hyaluronic Acid in Hip Osteoarthritis (a review) (2008)

Despite the initial promising results, some questions still remain open : 1) the characteristics of responders must be more precisely defined; 2) the treatment schedules, at present mainly based on the individual clinical experience, need a proper and accepted standardization. Finally, larger and placebo controlled trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy of VS in hip OA.
Endothelin Receptor Blockade as a Therapeutic Strategy in Ameliorating Postischemic Damage to the Liver Microcirculation (2000)

Summary: Ischemia leads to profound endothelin- (ET) related constriction of hepatic microvessels, causing disturbances in blood and oxygen supply. The aim of the study was to modulate hepatic microvascular diameters by blocking ET receptors to find the optimal therapeutic vessel width for reduction of ischemia-reperfusion injury. In an in vivo model (84 female Wistar rats, 250-300 g) with portal decompression by means of a splenocaval shunt, normothermic hepatic ischemia was induced for 30 min by crossclamping of the hepatoduodenal ligament. The ET receptor antagonist (ERA) bosentan was administered before induction of ischemia in different dosages [0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg body weight (BW) i.v. and 10 mg/kg BW intraportally (i.p.)]. The effect on microcirculation was assessed by in vivo microscopy and influence on hepatocellular function by measurement of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Sinusoidal diameters were reduced as a result of ischemia to 76.3 ± 7.4% compared with values received from sham-operated animals. After application of 0.1 mg/kg of bosentan, sinusoids remained constricted (89.7 ± 9.9%, AST 255.0 ± 12.8 U/1). Blocking ET receptors with 1 mg/kg bosentan avoided sinusoidal constriction (99.0 ± 8.8%, p < 0.05) and led to the most effective reduction of AST level peak after 6 h of reperfusion (244.0 ± 34.2 U/1 vs 422.9 ± 163.3 U/1 in untreated ischemia). Bosentan (10 mg/kg i.v.) caused an increase in sinusoidal diameter to 109.1 ± 6.4% (AST 311.7 ± 33.6 U/1) and 10 mg/kg i.p. to 136.8 ± 19.3% and even an increase in AST levels (618.90 ± 209.32 U/1). After intravenous application of 1 and 10 mg/kg BW bosentan the perfusion rate was significantly increased and sticking of leukocytes in sinusoids and venules reduced (p < 0.05). In our model, diameters of sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules could be regulated gradually. We conclude that the avoidance of constriction, but not an excessive vasodilation leads to increased perfusion rate and hence improved hepatocellular function.
Drugs in the Tetrazole Series (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor: Nucleotide Sequence, Genomic Organization, and Expression in Mammalian Cells (1986)

Angiogenesis, the process of new capillary growth, involves a series of steps, including the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells. At the on-set of angiogenesis, existing capillaries located close to the site of an angiogenic stimulus are induced to form new sprouts. These sprouts contain dividing endothelial cells, with migrating endothelial cells at the sprout tips. Eventually, the sprouts unite and form new capillary tubes (for review, see Folkman 1985).
DNA-Encoded Library Screening Identifies Benzo[<i>b</i>][1,4]oxazepin-4-ones as Highly Potent and Monoselective Receptor Interacting Protein 1 Kinase Inhibitors (2016)

The recent discovery of the role of receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) kinase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated inflammation has led to its emergence as a highly promising target for the treatment of multiple inflammatory diseases. We screened RIP1 against GSK's DNA-encoded small-molecule libraries and identified a novel highly potent benzoxazepinone inhibitor series. We demonstrate that this template possesses complete monokinase selectivity for RIP1 plus unique species selectivity for primate versus nonprimate RIP1. We elucidate the conformation of RIP1 bound to this benzoxazepinone inhibitor driving its high kinase selectivity and design specific mutations in murine RIP1 to restore potency to levels similar to primate RIP1. This series differentiates itself from known RIP1 inhibitors in combining high potency and kinase selectivity with good pharmacokinetic profiles in rodents. The favorable developability profile of this benzoxazepinone template, as exemplified by compound 14 (GSK'481), makes it an excellent starting point for further optimization into a RIP1 clinical candidate.
10-Gbt/s soliton communication systems over standard fiber at 1.55 μm and the use of dispersion compensation (1995)

The limits to soliton propagation at 10 Gbt/s in standard fiber systems at 1.55 /spl mu/m are assessed. We show that propagation for up to 200 km is possible using 36-km amplifier spacings and 30-ps solitons. In order to extend this distance and increase the range of usable pulse widths, the use of dispersion compensating fiber, as part of each amplifier, is evaluated. In addition this scheme significantly reduces the average power requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Next generation linkage management system (2013)

SA NT Datalink is a consortium of government departments, universities and other parties that are committed to providing high quality data linkage to support research. The backroom technologies that provide linked data to researchers will be discussed in detail in this paper. Data linkage is commonly known as a process utilising computer data matching technology to compare similar records from within and across multiple datasets.

The Next Generation Linkage Management System has been developed using open source technologies to manage disparate source data files coming in to the organisation, cleansing and standardisation, then the analysis of the data which will determine blocking parameters and linkage weights. The open source linkage engine called FEBRL (Freely Extensible Biomedical Record Linkage) is used to link the datasets using probabilistic methods. For storage of the linked records SA NT Datalink has employed a graph database which allows us to keep and reuse the rich comparison vectors. The data structures within a graph database are more aligned with the native formats of linked data. The graph database also provides a repository that is very fast for the retrieval of data, as unlike relational database there are no indexes or joins which are computationally expensive. The benefits of using both deterministic and probabilistic linkages will be discussed, and the analysis that is required on a dataset to assist in selecting the best linkage strategy. Graph databases are based on graph theory, and are used by some of the largest organisations on the web to deliver a very fast service to their customers. Some quality tools have been implemented by SA NT Datalink to ensure a reduction in the number of false positives and false negatives. Some mention will be given to what the Next Generation Linkage Management System does not provide will be touched upon. SA NT Datalink have developed a loosely coupled, open source system of managing, linking and extracting the linked data which will form the corner stone of their offerings to researchers for the coming decade.
Systolic Acousto-Optic Binary Convolver (1984)

A novel high speed array processing optical architecture is described. A multichannel acousto-optic binary convolver is architecturally configured as a systolic array processor. The architecture provides a high speed means of matrix/vector multiplications using the digital multiplication via an analog convolution algorithm. This algorithm and a systolic acousto-optic implementation permit the speed of optics to be combined with the accuracy of digital computation.
Common infections in older adults. (2001)

Infectious diseases account for one third of all deaths in people 65 years and older. Early detection is more difficult in the elderly because the typical signs and symptoms, such as fever and leukocytosis, are frequently absent. A change in mental status or decline in function may be the only presenting problem in an older patient with an infection. An estimated 90 percent of deaths resulting from pneumonia occur in people 65 years and older. Mortality resulting from influenza also occurs primarily in the elderly. Urinary tract infections are the most common cause of bacteremia in older adults. Asymptomatic bacteriuria occurs frequently in the elderly; however, antibiotic treatment does not appear to be efficacious. The recent rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (e.g., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus) is a particular problem in the elderly because they are exposed to infections at higher rates in hospital and institutional settings. Treatment of colonization and active infection is problematic; strict adherence to hygiene practices is necessary to prevent the spread of resistant organisms.
Reduction in critical current density for spin torque transfer switching with composite free layer (2008)

A composite free layer (CFL) consisting of a soft layer and a hard layer exchange coupled in parallel is proposed. The experimental results showed that the critical current density (Jc) can be reduced from 7.05×106A∕cm2 of strong coupled CoFeB(12.5Å)∕Ru(4Å)∕NiFe(17.5Å) CFL to 2.65×106A∕cm2 of weak coupled CoFeB(12.5Å)∕Ru(15Å)∕NiFe(17.5Å) CFL. The macrospin simulations showed that the soft layer of CFL can assist the hard layer of CFL to switch at a lower Jc. These results suggest that by using CFL, it is possible to reduce the Jc of spin torque transfer switching without compromising the thermal stability.
THE EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS ADDITIONS ON THE TENSILE, FATIGUE, AND IMPACT STRENGTH OF SINTERED STEELS BASED ON SPONGE IRON POWDER AND HIGH-PURITY ATOMIZED IRON POWDER (1973)

AbstractThe mechanisms operating during the sintering of iron-phosphorus PM alloys are discussed, as well as the factors contributing to the unique combination of strength, ductility, and toughness that is characteristic of these materials. Alloying methods are reviewed with special reference to powder compressibility, tool wear during compaction, and homogenization during sintering. The preferred production method is to add phosphorus in the form of a fine Fe3P powder to iron powder. The mechanical properties of a number of sintered steels made with and without Fe3P additions to sponge iron or to high-purity atomized iron powders are reported. Use of atomized powder makes it possible to reach extremely high density by single pressing and the resulting phosphorus-containing sintered steels have very high ductility and impact strength. The fatigue strength is related linearly to the tensile strength, with a correlation coefficient of 0·91. It is concluded that structural factors other than those that control ductility and toughness are responsible for the fatigue resistance of sintered steels. Notes* Manuscript received 25 June 1973. Contribution to a Symposium on ‘PM Alloys and Properties’, to be held in Eastbourne on 19–21 November 1973.
Urinary tract infections in connection with transurethral resection of the prostate. (1987)

The study evaluates the incidence and consequences of infectious complications after 700 transurethral resections of the prostate. The patients were treated individually for bacteriuria according to urine cultures. No general antibacterial prophylaxis was used. 376 patients (54%) had negative urine cultures throughout the course and received no antibacterials. Of the 256 patients with an indwelling catheter before surgery only 64 (25%) had negative cultures throughout, as opposed to 312 (70%) out of 444 patients without an indwelling catheter preoperatively. Antibacterial treatment was given to 127 patients (18%) before surgery because of bacteriuria. Positive urine cultures postoperatively indicated antibacterial therapy to 197 patients (28%). Four non-fatal cases of septicemia were recorded. The influence of bacteriuria and indwelling catheters on the postoperative course and on the length of hospital stay is documented. It is concluded that antibiotic prophylaxis may be indicated in patients with a preoperative urethral catheter; other patients should be treated if and when bacteriuria occurs.