gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Determination of DNA level in human plasma]. (1986)

It has been first demonstrated that DNA concentration in the plasma of healthy donors was 5 to 30 mu kg per I ml of plasma or 10-50% of DNA content in leukocytes contained in the same blood volume. DNA plasma concentration was determined by registering DNA-bisbenzimide complex fluorescence in supernatant derived from plasma containing 10% NaCl upon heating for 2-3 min at 100 degrees C. The method is simple, specific and permits the determination of DNA concentrations in 0.05-0.1 ml of plasma samples.
Commentary Debate: Are surrogate end-point studies worth the effort? (2000)

Surrogate end-points of cardiovascular disease can provide useful information in crosssectional, prospective and interventional studies. They provide information on association with risk factors, natural history and factors associated with disease progression. Because every participant can reach an end-point, sufficient power can be attained with much smaller numbers of subjects in surrogate end-point studies than in studies that use clinical endpoints, so that the costs are likely to be substantially less. Measures of carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT) by B-mode ultrasonography and of coronary calcification by electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) appear to be the most promising surrogate end-points.
Identification of amino acids in the V3 region of gp120 critical for virus neutralization by human HIV-1-specific antibodies. (1991)

The importance of the dependence on single amino acids in the V3 region of HIV-1 gp120 was evaluated for virus neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Synthetic overlapping 15-mer peptides and a set of omission peptides covering amino acids 301-317 were used. Sera from 29 HIV-1-infected individuals at different stages of disease were tested for neutralization, ADCC and specific IgG reactivity. Six HIV-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) acted as controls. All mAb reacted with a region (amino acids 304-318) of gp120, previously shown to induce neutralizing antibodies. The amino acids essential for reactivity were identified to be within the sequence GPGR (amino acids 312-315). The importance of this region for occurrence of neutralizing antibodies in infected humans was investigated using the same set of peptides. Out of 29 individuals, 21 were found to have neutralizing antibodies in titres between 100 and 1000. Among the neutralization-positive sera, 17/21 (81%) reacted with amino acids 304-318, compared with only one of eight sera (13%) negative in neutralization. When any of the four amino acids G, P, G or R were deleted, the seroreactivity decreased considerably. The conserved sequence GPGR was therefore considered to be the most important for neutralization in this region in human sera as well. Thus, the conserved sequence GPGR in the V3 region of gp120 is critical for virus neutralization by human HIV-1-specific antibodies.
Distributed fiber Brillouin strain sensing with 1-cm spatial resolution by correlation-based continuous-wave technique (2002)

This letter describes improvement in the spatial resolution of distributed fiber Brillouin strain sensing by the correlation-based continuous-wave technique, which we proposed previously. The spatial resolution of 1 cm has been achieved for a partly stretched fiber. This result shows the technique is applicable to smart structures or materials as a nervous system to monitor strain distribution.
Combination of a Drug Targeting the Cell with a Drug Targeting the Virus Controls Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Resistance (1997)

Combinations of drugs targeting viral proteins have been used to limit or control drug resistance, which is the most important cause of treatment failure in HIV-1-infected individuals. We suggest an alternative approach, namely to target cellular proteins, which are less prone to mutations than viral proteins. Here we show that simultaneous inhibition of a cellular protein (by hydroxyurea) and a viral protein (by ddI) produces a consistent and sustained suppression of HIV-1 for as long as 40 weeks in the absence of virus rebound. We identified the mechanism to explain this lack of rebound: although the combination of the two drugs did not prevent the emergence of mutant viral strains resistant to didanosine (ddI) in these patients, the mutants were still sensitive to standard doses of ddI in the presence of hydroxyurea. These in vivo results were consistent with our in vitro observations: HIV-1 molecular clones resistant to ddI were rendered sensitive to this drug (at concentrations routinely achievable in vivo) after addition of hydroxyurea. This phenomenon can be explained by the observation that hydroxyurea decreases the level of dATP, the cellular competitor of ddI. A low level of dATP favors the incorporation of ddI, even if the viral reverse transcriptase is resistant to this nucleoside analog. This is a novel mechanism of control of resistance and it explains the efficacy of a treatment that is well tolerated, simple, and inexpensive.
The influence of HLA-DRB1 alleles encoding the DERAA amino acid motif on radiological outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (1999)

Our data support a possible role for DRB1 alleles encoding the DERAA motif in protection against severe erosive damage in patients lacking the QK/RRAA SE, but not in patients heterozygous for the SE. This suggests that DRB1 alleles encoding the SE have a dominant influence over 'protective alleles' and are not merely 'non-protective'.
An analysis of the weaknesses of the MBE coding scheme (2003)

This paper explores the deficiencies in the multiband-excitation (MBE) model (proposed by Griffin and Lim (1988) for very-low-bitrate speech coding, and incorporated in the INMARSAT-M standard (1991)) that restricts its application in commercial telephone and mobile applications. The pitch frequency has been found to be the most crucial parameter in the MBE scenario. The errors occurring in the estimation of this parameter get reflected in the estimation of other parameters such as voiced/unvoiced decision and the spectral shape, since the estimation techniques of these parameters implicitly assume accurate knowledge of the pitch frequency for the spectral harmonic matching techniques they employ. Thus the output quality of 8 kHz-sampled speech suffers from a set of audible distortions which result in the degradation of the decoded speech quality. This paper is an attempt to analyse the weaknesses of this coding scheme under telephone-channel conditions.
<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>— New Clinical Spectrum? (1991)

PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII has attracted widespread interest as the leading cause of fatal opportunistic infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but the problems this organism can cause other patient populations have received less attention. In this issue of the Journal, Jacobs et al. describe a cluster of five cases of P. carinii pneumonia occurring over a three-month period in elderly patients without known predisposing factors.1 This event is highly unusual and raises intriguing questions about host defense mechanisms, a new strain of P. carinii, and nosocomial transmission of infection. P. carinii causes pneumonia almost exclusively in the immunocompromised . . .
Tissue Adhesives for Laceration Repair During Sporting Events (1994)

Physicians covering sporting events are often required to repair lacerations. Traditionally these lacerations have been sutured. Some of these lacerations may be closed with a tissue adhesive. Tissue adhesives have been available for many years. The benefits and potential problems of these substances are discussed as well as proper wound selection and application.
The Immune Response Is Involved in Atherosclerotic Plaque Calcification: Could the RANKL/RANK/OPG System Be a Marker of Plaque Instability? (2007)

Atherogenesis is characterized by an intense inflammatory process, involving immune and vascular cells. These cells play a crucial role in all phases of atherosclerotic plaque formation and complication through cytokine, protease, and prothrombotic factor secretion. The accumulation of inflammatory cells and thus high amounts of soluble mediators are responsible for the evolution of some plaques to instable phenotype which may lead to rupture. One condition strongly associated with plaque rupture is calcification, a physiopathological process orchestrated by several soluble factors, including the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)kappaB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)kappaB (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system. Although some studies showed some interesting correlations with acute ischemic events, at present, more evidences are needed to evaluate the predictive and diagnostic value of serum sRANKL and OPG levels for clinical use. The major limitation is probably the poor specificity of these factors for cardiovascular disease. The identification of tissue-specific isoforms could increase the importance of sRANKL and OPG in predicting calcified plaque rupture and the dramatic ischemic consequences in the brain and the heart.
Fusion of hamster macrophages induced by lectins (1977)

<p>The drying behavior for various calcium aluminate cement and hydratable alumina-bonded refractory castables was investigated in the first-drying temperature range (100°C-300°C). Using a specialized high-temperature Nuclear Magnetic Resonance setup, we were able to directly and nondestructively measure the spatially and temporally resolved moisture distribution, while simultaneously measuring the temperature distribution as well. These measurements show that the drying front position is a linear function of time, which can be explained on the basis of a simplified model where only vapor transport is considered. Based on the measurements and the model, one can directly determine the permeability at high temperatures. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the drying front speed and temperature strongly correlates with the control of key material parameters (eg, water demand, binder content, etc). In particular, microsilica fume-containing low-cement castables displayed the highest vapor pressures, while regular castables generated the lowest vapor pressures reflecting the permeability of these materials.</p>
Synthesis, Properties, and Live-Cell Imaging Studies of Luminescent Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Polypyridine Complexes Containing Two or Three Biotin Pendants (2009)

Three luminescent cyclometalated iridium(III) bis-biotin complexes [Ir(N(wedge)C)(2)(N(wedge)N)](PF(6)) (HN(wedge)C = 2-(4-(N-(6-(biotinamido)hexyl)aminomethyl)phenyl)pyridine, HppyC6B, N(wedge)N = 2,2'-bipyridine, bpy (1); HN(wedge)C = 2-phenylpyridine, Hppy, N(wedge)N = 4,4'-bis((2-(biotinamido)ethyl)aminocarbonyl)-2,2'-bipyridine, bpyC2B2 (2); HN(wedge)C = Hppy, N(wedge)N = 4,4'-bis((2-((6-(biotinamido)hexanoyl)amino)ethyl)aminocarbonyl)-2,2'-bipyridine, bpyC2C6B2 (3)) and one tris-biotin complex [Ir(ppyC6B)(2)(bpyC6B)](PF(6)) (bpyC6B = 4-((6-(biotinamido)hexyl)aminocarbonyl)-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine) (4) have been synthesized and characterized. The biotin-free complex [Ir(ppy)(2)(bpyC4)](PF(6)) (bpyC4 = 4,4'-bis(n-butylaminocarbonyl)-2,2'-bipyridine) (5) has also been prepared for comparison studies. Upon photoexcitation, all the complexes displayed intense and long-lived greenish-yellow to red triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer ((3)MLCT) (dpi (Ir) --> pi*(N(wedge)N)) emission in fluid solutions at room temperature and in low-temperature glass. Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed iridium(IV/III) oxidation at about +1.21 to + 1.29 V and diimine-based reductions at about -1.07 to -1.39 V versus SCE. The interactions of the bis-biotin and tris-biotin complexes with avidin have been studied by 4'-hydroxyazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid (HABA) assays, emission titrations, and dissociation assays. The possibility of these complexes as cross-linkers for avidin has been examined by microscopy studies using avidin-conjugated green fluororescent microspheres and size-exclusion HPLC analysis. Utilization of these luminescent iridium(III) biotin complexes in signal amplification has been demonstrated using avidin-coated nonfluorescent microspheres and complex 3 as an example. Additionally, the lipophilicity of all the complexes has been determined by reversed-phase HPLC. The cytotoxicity of these iridium(III) complexes toward the human cervix epithelioid carcinoma (HeLa) cell line has been evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Furthermore, the cellular uptake of the complexes has been examined by ICP-MS, laser-scanning confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry.
Principles of biopsychology (1995)

The nervous system - neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters the nervous system - functional organization language and hemisphere function hemisphere function - studies with the normal brain learning and memory Stress And Anxiety Sleep, Arousal And Biological Rhythms Motivation sensory processes.
Enhancement of Gene Expression by Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Conjugates with α-, β-, and γ-Cyclodextrins (2001)

To improve the transfection efficiency of nonviral vector, we synthesized the starburst polyamidoamine dendrimer conjugates with alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins (CDE conjugates), expecting the synergistic effect of dendrimer and cyclodextrins (CyDs). The (1)H NMR spectroscopic data indicated that alpha-, beta-, and gamma-CyDs are covalently bound to dendrimer in a molar ratio of 1:1. The agarose gel electrophoretic studies revealed that CDE conjugates formed the complexes with plasmid DNA (pDNA) and protected the degradation of pDNA by DNase I in the same manner as dendrimer. CDE conjugates showed a potent luciferase gene expression, especially in the dendrimer conjugate with alpha-CyD (alpha-CDE conjugate) which provided the greatest transfection activity (approximately 100 times higher than those of dendrimer alone and of the physical mixture of dendrimer and alpha-CyD) in NIH3T3 and RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the gene transfer activity of alpha-CDE conjugate was superior to that of Lipofectin. The enhancing gene transfer effect of alpha-CDE conjugate may be attributable to not only increasing the cellular association, but also changing the intracellular trafficking of pDNA. These findings suggest that alpha-CDE conjugate could be a new preferable nonviral vector of pDNA.
Measurement of Action Potential-Induced Presynaptic Calcium Domains at a Cultured Neuromuscular Junction (1999)

Spatially localized Ca(2+) domains are thought to play a key role in action potential (AP)-evoked neurotransmitter release at fast synapses. We used a stage-scan confocal spot-detection method and the low-affinity Ca(2+) indicator Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-5N to study the spatiotemporal profile of presynaptic AP-induced Ca(2+) domains. Families of scanned AP-induced fluorescence transients were detected from spot locations separated by 200-300 nm, within the vicinity of Ca(2+) entry sites. Typically, the largest transient in a particular scan peaked within approximately 1 msec and decayed with rapid (tau(1) of 1.7 msec) and slow components (tau(2) of 16 msec, tau(3) of 78 msec). As the spot was incrementally displaced, transients progressively exhibited a slowing in their time-to-peak and a loss of the fast decay component. Three-dimensional graphs of fluorescence versus time and spot displacement revealed the presence of AP-induced fluorescence domains that dissipated within approximately 7 msec. The size of fluorescence domains were estimated from the full-width at half-maximum of gaussian fits to isochronal DeltaF/F plots and ranged from 0.6 to 3.0 micrometer, with a mean +/- SD of 1.6 +/- 0.6 micrometer. Model simulations of a localized Ca(2+) entry site predicted the major features of the fluorescence transients and suggested that, within approximately 1 msec of the initiation of the Ca(2+) current, both the fluorescence domain and the underlying Ca(2+) domain do not extend significantly beyond the site of entry. Consistent with this prediction, the intracellular addition of EGTA (up to 2 mM) accelerated the decay of the measured transients but did not affect the domain size.
Excision repair of UV-damaged plasmid DNA in<i>Xenopus</i>oocytes is mediated by DNA polymerase α (and/or δ) (1990)

We studied DNA repair by injecting plasmids containing random pyrimidine dimers into Xenopus oocytes. We demonstrated excision repair by recovering plasmids and analyzing them with T4 UV endonuclease treatment and alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis. The mechanism for excision repair of these plasmids appears to be processive, rather than distributive, since repair occurs in 'all or none' fashion. At less than 4-5 dimers/plasmid, nearly all repair occurs within 4-6 hours (approximately 10(10) dimers repaired per oocyte); the oocyte, therefore, has abundant repair activity. Specific antibodies and inhibitors were used to determine enzymes involved in repair. We conclude that DNA polymerase alpha (and/or delta) is required because repair is inhibited by antibodies to human DNA polymerase alpha, as well as by aphidicolin, an inhibitor of polymerases alpha (and/or delta). Repair was not inhibited by hydroxyurea, cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside, or inhibitors of topoisomerase II (novobiocin). Oocyte repair does not activate semi-conservative DNA replication, nor is protein synthesis required. Photoreactivation cannot account for repair because dimer removal is independent of exogenous light.
Hydrogen sulfide adducts of methyl oleate and linoleate (1973)

Abstract Sulfur compounds derived from photochemical addition of hydrogen sulfide to methyl oleate and linoleate were separated by preparative gas chromatography. The major compounds were investigated by NMR, mass and IR spectroscopy and by elemental analysis. The primary product of the methyl oleate reaction was methyl 9(10)‐mercaptostearate. Gas chromatograms of the product from methyl linoleate showed four principal peaks. From mass spectra and NMR data, we identified methyl 9‐(2‐pentyl‐1‐thiolan‐5‐yl)nonanoate, methyl 8‐(2‐hexyl‐1‐thiolan‐5‐yl)octanoate and methyl 9‐(3‐hexyl‐1,2‐dithiolan‐5‐yl)nonanoate. Evidence for the formation of methyl mercapto‐octadecenoates and methyl dimercaptostearates was also obtained.
The 8;21 chromosome translocation in acute myeloid leukemia is always detectable by molecular analysis using AML1 (1993)

The AML1 gene was rearranged in leukemic cells with t(8;21)(q22;q22) or its variant, complex t(8;V;21) translocations from 33 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The AML1 rearrangement was also detected in three AML patients without t(8;21); two had a normal diploid karyotype, and one had a karyotype of 45,X, - X. The AML1 rearrangement in the t(8;21) breakpoint cluster region was not detected in leukemic cells with cytogenetic abnormalities other than t(8;21), or with normal diploidy obtained from 23 AML patients. Because leukemic cells of the five patients with complex t(8;V;21) translocations had a der(8)t(8;21) chromosome with a break in band 8q22 in common, the juxtaposition of the 5' side of AML1 to a predicted counterpart gene located in the breakpoint region of 8q22 may be an essential step in the leukemogenesis of AML with t(8;21). Our findings show that the 8;21 translocation, its variants, and the masked t(8;21) may all be detectable by the Southern hybridization method using the AML1 probes.
Fibre Channel Zone Server MIB (2007)

This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet community.In particular, it describes managed objects for information related to a Fibre Channel Zone Server.
An extremely wideband rectangular monopole antenna with a modified microstrip feed (2010)

A printed rectangular monopole antenna design with an enhanced, extremely wide, 30:1 bandwidth is presented in this paper. The antenna has been designed for printing on Rogers 4350 substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.48. The bandwidth enhancement is achieved by introducing a trident-shaped feed interface to the radiation patch. By the introduction of this feed interface and optimising, it was possible to the increase the 2:1 VSWR bandwidth from 0.82–7.8 GHz to 0.82–25 GHz.
Semiconductor device characteristics (1995)

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Solvent effects on the reaction of t-butoxy radicals with methyl methacrylate (1983)

Examination of the title reaction in a range of solvents shows that the ratio of hydrogen abstraction to t-butoxy radical addition increases with increasing solvent polarity. In several cases there is a competition between solvent and methyl methacrylate for reaction with t-butoxy radicals. The implications of these findings for polymer structure are discussed.
Microwave Detection of Longitudinal Crack and Identification of Its Location in Straight Pipe (2008)

A microwave NDT method based on guided electromagnetic wave is described in order to detect longitudinal crack and evaluate its location in steel pipe. To detect longitudinal crack in pipe, suitable guided-mode should be propagated in the inspected pipe with crack. For this purpose, first and dominant circular TE11-mode is sent to the system by using a mode-converter. Mode-converter is used to convert rectangular TE10-mode to the circular TE11-mode. A network analyzer, which is a generator and receiver of the microwaves designed to process the magnitude and phase of the reflected and transmitted waves was used to generate continues signal and to measure the amplitude of reflection coefficient. The goal of this investigation is to demonstrate the capability of this technique for detecting longitudinal cracks in piping system with high speed. More emphasis is put on the evaluation of crack location by measuring time of flight (TOF) of the reflected waves from the crack. The results for two crack locations at several plunger positions either in frequency domain or time domain for measuring TOF of the waves are presented. The experimental results of TOF are compared with calculations to show that by knowing TOF of the reflected wave, it is possible to predict crack locations. The evaluated results of TOFs are shown to agree well with the calculated ones and crack locations can be estimated with error less than 0.13%.
Small-signal and transient analysis of a zero-voltage-switched, phase-controlled PWM converter using averaged switch model (1993)

An averaged switch model for a popular zero-voltage-switched (ZVS), phase-controlled PWM (PC-PWM) converter is developed. The model can be easily implemented in a circuit analysis program such as PSPICE to derive small-signal characteristics as well as predict large-signal transient behaviors of the converter in both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. Using the averaged approach, the required computer time is greatly reduced. Such a model is vitally important for studying behavior of large systems such as parallel modules. A PSPICE subcircuit implementing the zero-voltage-switching PWM function is introduced. Simulation results illustrating both small and large-signal behaviors of the converter are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>