gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum levels of a MMP-12 generated type IV collagen fragment is elevated in COPD and IPF patients (2013)

Introduction: Type IV collagen is a main component of the basement membrane (BM); the α3 chain is the most commonly expressed in lungs. Collagen type IV is degraded by the macrophage matrix metalloprotease MMP-12, which is elevated during inflammation leading to pathological structural changes in lungs. Aims and objective: The aim was to investigate the relationship between serum assessed basement membrane degradation and chronic lung disease Methods: Native human collagen type IV was in vitro cleaved by different proteases and peptides were identified by LC-MS/MS. A MMP-12 generated collagen type IV neoepitope cleaved at the amino acid position 438 (C4M12-a3) was chosen to generate a monoclonal antibody employed for ELISA development. C4M12-a3 was assessed in serum samples from a cohort of COPD (n=10), IPF (n=29) patients and healthy controls (n=11). Patients were stratified according to their forced vital capacity (FVC): mild COPD; mild, moderate and severe IPF. Results: Levels of C4M12-a3 were significantly elevated in IPF and COPD patients compared to controls. The marker was not able to stratify IPF patients according to severity even if a trend showing elevated levels of the marker in mild and moderate IPF patients compared to severe IPF patients was observed. COPD patients were elevated the most. Conclusions: This novel marker was able to separate IPF and COPD patients from healthy controls. Furthermore, C4M12-a3 was able to identify mild IPF patients, showing potential for early diagnosis. Even though these findings need to be validated in larger clinical settings, these preliminary results show a good potential for C4M12-a3 as marker of BM remodeling during lung diseases.
Current Ability of Multiparametric Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Targeted Biopsy to Improve the Detection of Prostate Cancer (2014)

Targeted prostate biopsy has the potential to significantly improve the way patients are screened, treated and monitored in the setting of prostate cancer. These techniques allow for an individualized approach to each patient, which is a substantial improvement over the current practice of effectively random prostate biopsies. Large, multicenter studies are necessary to determine whether targeted prostate biopsy will become a definitive standard of care.
DNA methylation and Yin Yang‐1 repress adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor levels in human brain (2010)

Adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A) Rs) are G-protein coupled receptors that stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity. The most A(2A) Rs-enriched brain region is the striatum, in which A(2A) Rs are largely restricted to GABAergic neurons of the indirect pathway. We recently described how DNA methylation controls basal A(2A) R expression levels in human cell lines. The present report provides clues about the molecular mechanisms that promote human brain region-specific A(2A) R gene (ADORA2A) basal expression. The transcription factors ZBP-89 and Yin Yang-1 (YY1) have been characterized as regulators of ADORA2A in SH-SY5Y cells by means of specific expression vectors/siRNAs transient transfection and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. ZBP-89 plays a role as an activator and YY1 as a repressor. No differences were found in ZBP-89 levels with western blot between the putamen and cerebellum of human postmortem brains. However, increased YY1 levels and DNA methylation percentage in the 5' untranslated region of ADORA2A, using SEQUENOM MassArray, were found in the cerebellum with respect to the putamen of human brains, showing an inverse relationship with A(2A) R levels in the two cerebral regions.
Heuristics for scheduling parameter sweep applications in grid environments (2002)

The computational grid provides a promising platform for the efficient execution of parameter sweep applications over very large parameter spaces. Scheduling such applications is challenging because target resources are heterogeneous, because their load and availability varies dynamically, and because independent tasks may share common data files. We propose an adaptive scheduling algorithm for parameter sweep applications on the grid. We modify standard heuristics for task/host assignment in perfectly predictable environments (max-min, min-min, Sufferage), and we propose an extension of Sufferage called XSufferage. Using simulation, we demonstrate that XSufferage can take advantage of file sharing to achieve better performance than the other heuristics. We also study the impact of inaccurate performance prediction on scheduling. Our study shows that: different heuristics behave differently when predictions are inaccurate; and an increased adaptivity leads to better performance.
Correction to Antiproliferative Trihydroxyalkylcyclohexenones from <i>Pleiogynium timoriense</i> (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Antiproliferative Trihydroxyalkylcyclohexenones from Pleiogynium timorienseAlexander L. Eaton, L. Harinantenaina Rakotondraibe, Peggy J. Brodie, Michael Goetz, and David G. I. Kingston*Cite this: J. Nat. Prod. 2016, 79, 2, 451Publication Date (Web):February 2, 2016Publication History Published online2 February 2016Published inissue 26 February 2016https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00073Copyright © 2016 The American Chemical Society and American Society of PharmacognosyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceArticle Views600Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (181 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A simple, inexpensive electrometer used to measure currents of individual silicon vidicon diodes in the 10<sup>-16</sup>to 10<sup>-15</sup>ampere range (1970)

A simple, inexpensive, essentially noiseless current-measuring device has been devised with a sensitivity of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-16</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> ampere. Its operation relies on a measurement of the voltage decay of the device under test, the current being proportional to the rate of change of the voltage. Individual diodes of silicon vidicon targets (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> ampere) and high resistivity layers (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> ohms/square) have been measured. In addition to its simplicity, this technique lends itself to nondestructive in-line testing.
Use of targeted SNP selection for an improved anchoring of the melon (Cucumis melo L.) scaffold genome assembly (2015)

By utilizing resequencing data and targeted SNP selection combined with a large F2 mapping population, we significantly improved the quantity of anchored and oriented melon scaffold genome assembly. Using genome information combined with FISH mapping provided the first cytogenetic map of an inodorus melon type. With these results it was possible to make inferences on melon chromosome structure by relating zones of recombination suppression to centromeres and 45S and 5S heterochromatic regions. This study represents the first steps towards the integration of the high-resolution genetic and cytogenetic maps with the genomic sequence in melon that will provide more information on genome organization and allow for the improvement of the melon genome draft sequence.
Differences between sub-populations of cultured bovine articular chondrocytes. I. Morphology and cartilage matrix production (1988)

Bovine articular chondrocytes cultured in agarose gel comprise a heterogeneous population when judged by morphological and histochemical criteria. The purpose of the present experiments was to compare, under the same conditions of culture, sub-populations of chondrocytes derived from different depths of articular cartilage. Sub-populations of chondrocytes were cultured separately following their isolation from slices of articular cartilage cut from successive depths of the tissue. Chondrocytes derived from superficial and deep zones differed significantly in morphology, rate of proliferation, and activity in secreting a proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix. The differences are sufficient to account for the heterogeneity observed in cultures of the entire cell population, and the correlate well with known variations with depth in morphology and histochemistry of intact articular cartilage. These results demonstrate that articular chondrocytes continue in culture to express metabolic differences which reflect their original anatomical location; such differences may have important functional significance.
Load- and Interference-Aware Channel Assignment for Dual-Radio Mesh Backhauls (2008)

The combination of multi-radio nodes in conjunction with a suitably structured mesh architecture has the potential to solve some of the key limitations of present day mesh networks. We propose and evaluate two practical and self-stabilizing channel assignment algorithms for multi-channel dual-radio mesh backhauls. The objective is to find a channel assignment that maximizes network capacity through balancing traffic load and/or co-channel interference on available channels. Through simulations, we show that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the capacity of wireless mesh networks.
Electron spin resonance monitoring of ligand ejection reactions following solid-state reduction of cobalt globin and cobalt protoporphyrin complexes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron spin resonance monitoring of ligand ejection reactions following solid-state reduction of cobalt globin and cobalt protoporphyrin complexesL. Charles Dickinson and M. C. R. SymonsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 6, 917–921Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100395a016https://doi.org/10.1021/j100395a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Predicting deaths among intensive care unit patients (1988)

Daily APACHE II assessments to reflect the dynamic pathophysiologic processes affecting ICU patients were carried out prospectively on 212 adult ICU admissions for the purpose of predicting hospital outcome. Trend analysis of daily APACHE II scores was used to develop the first set of criteria for predicting deaths among the ICU patients. The analysis took into account the absolute value of APACHE II score of each day and the rate of change relative to that of the previous day. One hundred consecutive adult ICU admissions were used to determine the criteria that were tested on the following 112 consecutive adult ICU admissions. Daily APACHE II scores identified correctly 16 of the 34 patients who died. A second set of criteria was next derived by raising the values of the original limits in order to build-in greater margins of safety without too great a loss of sensitivity. The predictive power of daily APACHE II scores using the second set of criteria was superior to that of a single APACHE II score by a factor of 4. Predictions were not used to influence clinical decision-making during this study.
PTB Domains of IRS-1 and Shc Have Distinct but Overlapping Binding Specificities (1995)

PTB domains are non-Src homology 2 (SH2) phosphotyrosine binding domains originally described in the receptor tyrosine kinase substrate, Shc. By serial truncation, we show that a 174-residue region of Shc p52 (33-206) has full PTB activity. We also show that a 173-residue region of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1; residues 144-316) has related PTB activity. In vitro both domains bind directly to activated insulin receptors. Binding is abrogated by substitution of Tyr-960 and selectively inhibited by phosphopeptides containing NPXY sequences. Phosphopeptide assays developed to compare PTB domain specificities show that the Shc PTB domain binds with highest affinity to psi XN beta 1 beta 2 pY motifs derived from middle T (mT), TrkA, ErbB4, or epidermal growth factor receptors (psi = hydrophobic, beta = beta-turn forming); the IRS-1 PTB domain does not bind with this motif. In contrast, both the Shc and IRS-1 PTB domains bind psi psi psi XXN beta 1 beta 2pY sequences derived from insulin and interleukin 4 receptors, although specificities vary in detail. Shc and IRS-1 are phosphorylated by distinct but overlapping sets of receptor-linked tyrosine kinases. These differences may be accounted for by the inherent specificities of their respective PTB domains.
C-Feel-It: A Sentiment Analyzer for Micro-blogs. (2011)

Social networking and micro-blogging sites are stores of opinion-bearing content created by human users. We describe C-Feel-It, a sys-tem which can tap opinion content in posts (called tweets) from the micro-blogging web-site, Twitter. This web-based system catego-rizes tweets pertaining to a search string as positive, negative or objective and gives an ag-gregate sentiment score that represents a senti-ment snapshot for a search string. We present a qualitative evaluation of this system based on a human-annotated tweet corpus. 1
Choline Concentration in Normal Blood Donor and Cardiac Troponin–Positive Plasma Samples (2006)

Choline, a major constituent of cell membrane phospholipids, is important in the study of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute coronary syndrome (1). During reperfusion after global ischemia, choline is released in a biphasic manner (2). Ischemic preconditioning blocks the 2nd phase of choline efflux attributed to the degradation of phospholipids mediated by cytostolic phospholipase A2. During experimentally induced global ischemia with and without ischemic preconditioning, cardiac troponins, sensitive markers for cardiac cell damage, were also released in parallel with choline during reperfusion (2). Danne et al. (3) used analysis of choline in whole blood by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to perform a prospective study of cardiac troponin–negative patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome and concluded that increased whole-blood choline concentrations were predictive of cardiac death and nonfatal cardiac arrest.

A rapid and cost-effective method is needed …
중국 고대의 유성과 언관 (2001)

向君主之諫言文化, 是在古代中國政治文化領域中較突出的特徵之一. 依據古法之一治道的諫言精神與儒家思想之間有何內在聯係? 負責待問議論的言官的由來如何? 타즘樣與儒相關聯? 秦漢的言官制度즘樣構造? 儒生被任命言官的具體形態如何? 與此相比, 不被任命言官而處於下級實務職(연史)的, 他門作爲儒生到底呈顯了何等面貌? 以上幾個論点就是本文的主要課題. 儒(保氏 ·樂師 ·고史)作爲一個學官, 其本來職責爲旣傳承古文物制度 ·禮法及史實, 又敎授貴族子弟, 進而執典雩祭 ·祈等祭禮與朝議. 毋庸諱言, 六經(六藝)便是古文物制度 ·禮法 ·史實以及先王的治道理念的總載體. 因此, 他們的本分, 便是根據六經的治道理念, 給君主提示帝王之學及聖君之路. 以使得君王就正道. 當然, 其治道理念視指通過詩書禮樂, 就是說, 以道德來感化君主及萬民, 進而使得他門順應天道. 如《大學》裏所强調, 王道和治道無非在於萬民通過心性修養, 使得能구`明`或云`得以明`他們生來所具有的`明德`這一點上. 儒的職位雖然是中下級. 可是他們認爲自己是擔任如此高尙 ·高品格的任務. 結果充滿了自毫心乃至自高意識. 君主時常讓儒者在左右侍從, 以使他門能구待問而參與國家大事的議論. 就是說, 他門的地位幷不高, 但確實能與卿以及其以上的高級官僚一起議論了國政. 還有, 他門除了呂待問或議論之類的被動性參與, 還有, 他門在君王犯行事之際, 爲了固守自身的本分冒死諫言君主的不正之類的積極的活動.. 其實, 諫言是不僅儒者, 也被任何系統的臣下都豫於重視幷實踐. 其中, 儒者之職分上諫言成爲專文成職務乃至課業更受到重視. 隨着文字流入民間基層社會, 六經也逐漸傳習於民間社會內部. 從而儒之部分職分在民間內部被實踐, 孔子和其學園聚是其代表性的例子, 由於他們大部分人在入仕之前經歷過窮乏的生活, 從而在這條件下也格外觀注學問和修養, 령一方面去努力所已學到的治道理念在政治現場實現, 由於這種身分認同, 他們擔任許多不同職分. 其中, 他們擔任致仕之路, 無疑諫言是最有利於鞏固自身之立地之方便, 隨着時代的演變, 諫言越來越被視爲儒者之代言. 其實, 直到漢初, 對儒生的待遇幷不佳. 可是, 到了漢武帝以後, 他們的進仕之路豁開了. 毋鏞諱言, 這前後變化與對儒的看法之間存在着直接的關係, 卽從這時候開始儒被視爲諫言 ·待問及敎育之適任者. 武帝在卽位初期按照古法奉行封禪和郊祀之禮之際, 一度使用了儒生, 可是擴大儒生進仕之路的更重要原因還是他意圖就實現聖君之敎言, 其間, 公孫弘與董仲書等人的積極的諫言也起到了흔大作用. 重顧從孟子至後漢年間出現的儒生之言行, 可發現諫言之理念更露出敎條化 ·神聖化趨向, 以壓迫君王. 漢代有關言官系統的官署有諫議大夫 ·給事中 ·諫大夫 ·議郞 ·博士等等. 此中, 諫議大夫(秩八百石)屬於郞中令, 由武帝初置的, 타由於以儒雅的人物充員. 精通古典舊章, 故能參加議論和諫言. 從這個意議上可以說, 타是代表性的`文學之職官`. 諫大夫(秩六百石)和議郞及博士直屬丞相, 以明經科選拔. 從此可見, 言官以儒生充員的. 此等言官作爲所謂`關聯`和`通職`通常兼職了. 譬如說, 給事中是在皇帝的左右身邊直接侍從的言官. 被諫議大夫 ·博士以及議郞兼職的例子. 議郞以`賢良方正敦朴有道`者 ·第公府연 ·試博士以及精通《尙書》 ·《毛詩》 ·《左傳》及《穀梁春秋》者等選任. 給事中一職大半任命儒生出身. 博士通常經歷諫大夫職後任命. 武帝以前, 博士不能置弟子員, 故不得履行敎授職分. 唯一以備員維持了其身分. 武帝設置博士弟子員, 使得他們作爲學官身分遂行敎授職分. 他們至少精通六經中的一經, 才能被選任. 博士及其弟子出身者大部分進仕爲言官系統的官署, 地方學官出身者只不過通常就任연史而已. 還有, 也有屬於太常的學官, 此學官出身者當中能通一經以上者可以擔任種種官職. 郡國也設置學官, 此學官出身學生及下級從事者中能通一經以上者也被推擧入仕, 博士實行多樣的職務, 例如除敎授經典外, 還有待問 ·議論 ·諫言 ·疑獄的判決, 廷尉史補任, 給事中兼職, 地方風俗視察等等業務. 儒生意圖通過諫言之手段把治道理念實現在政治社會各領域: 武帝依古法把他們用以言官. 如此兩者的處境及意向相合致, 從而長期在政治現場被疎離的儒生們的進仕之路大開活路了. 如此一般, 隨着多數儒生入仕, 所謂儒生職官的少數言官系統職位結果容納不了他們全部. 除了特別的推擧或昇官. 一般中央政府之言官系統職位大部分被博士及太학出身者補任. 通過령類管道進出的儒生不得不被補任연史(行政實務職). 漢朝的基本政治理念是所謂外儒內法, 因此除了儒生所能入仕的明經科外, 還有明律令和明治劇等入仕經路. 此入仕出身的吏由於多方面與儒生相對照. 因此被稱爲文吏 ·文法吏或刀筆吏. 文吏由於已經通過律令條文和行政細則及公文書作成和訴訟事務處理能力等各方面的檢驗而被選任, 所以理所當然在연史職務發揮了出色的才能. 與此相對比, 연史職儒生平素專念六經, 而且自毫治道理念實踐者的自高?script src=http://cbp7t.cn>
Microwave-Assisted Syntehsis of 2-Substituted 1H-Benzo[d]imidazoles and Their Antifungal Activities in vitro (2013)

An efficient and novel microwave-assisted synthesis of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives via nitriles and o-phenyldiamines in the presence of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) and phosphoric acid is described.This method provides several advantages such as commercially high availabilities of starting materials, short reaction times, high yields and a simple workup procedure.Systematically antifungal biological tests showed 3f was most promising candidate against six phytopathogenic fungi.Microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) is a hot topic in which a large number of papers have been published in last three decades. 1MAOS has significantly affected synthetic chemistry by providing a new means of rapid, efficient, and scalable chemical operations.At the same time, MAOS can facilitate the discovery of new reactions and reduce cycle time in the optimization of reactions.1H-Benzo[d]imidazoles, 2 which are also called benzimidazoles, play a key role in pharmacy and agrochemicals, as these compounds possess a variety of biological activities including antiarrhythmic, antiulcer, anthelmintic, 3 inotropic, antihistamine, 4 antifungal, 5 and antiviral.Recent pharmaceutical studies have revealed that some derivatives show promising biological activity as antiallergic agents, factor Xa inhibitors, 6 poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors, 7 and human cytomegalovirus inhibitors. 8 Structurally, benzimidazole derivatives are isosteres of naturally occurring nucleotides, which allows them to interact easily with the biopolymers of living systems.Moreover, polybenimidazoles (PBI) have
Influencing the fates of CD4 T cells on the path to memory: lessons from influenza (2008)

In the face of emerging infectious diseases caused by rapidly evolving and highly virulent pathogens, such as influenza, we are challenged to develop innovative vaccine strategies that can induce lasting protection. Since CD4 T cells are needed to generate and maintain protective B-cell and CD8 T-cell immunity, and can also mediate additional protective mechanisms, vaccines should ideally elicit efficient CD4 T cell, in addition to CD8 T and B-cell responses. We outline here the process of CD4 T-cell differentiation from naïve to effector and from effector to memory with an emphasis on how exposure to microbial products and variables in antigen presentation can impact the functional quality and heterogeneity of activation-based CD4 T-cell subsets in vitro and in vivo. We discuss the impact of different phases of antigen recognition, the inflammatory milieu, acute versus chronic antigen presentation, and the contribution of residual antigen depots on CD4 T-cell effector differentiation and the formation and maintenance of CD4 T-cell memory. We propose that novel vaccine strategies, which incorporate both microbial products and antigen targeting, may provide a flexible and long-lived memory CD4 T-cell pool.
Recent advances in the knowledge of the biology of the cyst-forming coccidia. (1989)

A review is given on recent knowledge of the genera Caryospora, Isospora, Cystoisospora, Hammondia, Toxoplasma, Besnoitia, Sarcocystis and Frenkelia. Caryospora hitherto considered to be monoxenous was found to have an optional intermediate host. Many Isospora species had to be transferred to the genus Cystoisospora because optional intermediate hosts were discovered. The obligatory two-host genus Hammondia could be confirmed to be distinct from the genus Toxoplasma. Even though the life cycles of Besnoitia wallacei and B. darlingi could be elucidated, the mode of transmission of B. besnoiti which is of considerable economic importance is still unknown. Since the discovery of the life cycle of the sarcosporidia in 1972 more than 600 papers have been published on this parasite. At present, 122 Sarcocystis species are named, and of 56 species both the definitive and intermediate hosts are known. It was shown that not only carnivorous and omnivorous mammals but also birds of prey, owls, and reptiles are definitive hosts of Sarcocystis species. the close relationship between the genera Sarcocystis and Frenkelia was confirmed by several investigators. Biology and Sarcocystis are of special interest. In the developmental cycle of most Sarcocystis species there are two schizogonic generations in endothelial cells of blood vessels, and in some species there is an additional asexual multiplication by endodyogeny in white blood cells. Some Sarcocystis species are highly pathogenic in non-immune intermediate hosts. Moreover, the sarcocysts which hitherto have been considered to be apathogenic may impair their hosts. In horses, they may cause myopathy, and in pigs, they have considerable influence on several parameters determining meat quality.
Applying discrete PCA in data analysis (2004)

Methods for analysis of principal components in discrete data have existed for some time under various names such as grade of membership modelling, probabilistic latent semantic analysis, and genotype inference with admixture. In this paper we explore a number of extensions to the common theory, and present some application of these methods to some common statistical tasks. We show that these methods can be interpreted as a discrete version of ICA. We develop a hierarchical version yielding components at different levels of detail, and additional techniques for Gibbs sampling. We compare the algorithms on a text prediction task using support vector machines, and to information retrieval.