gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fast Amplitude Approximation For Quadrature Pairs (1971)

This paper gives an algorithm from which an approximation to the amplitude of a quadrature pair can be obtained simply and without requiring more bits than are needed to represent the largest allowable amplitude, A. If A cos θ and A sin θ are a quadrature pair, the amplitude is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$A=(A^{2}\cos^{2}\theta + A^{2}\sin^{2}\theta)^{1\over 2}.$</tex> If AX is the larger magnitude of the pair and AY the smaller, an approximation to A is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$A^{\prime} = AX + {1\over 2}AY.$</tex> Computations using this algorithm with random values of θ showed that when the true amplitude was A, the mean obtained was 1.087A, with standard deviation 0.031A. When A consists of a signal appreciably contaminated with noise so that several estimates are required before the signal can be detected reliably, no significant degradation («0.1 dB S/N) in detectability was found using the algorithm described above.
Structure–function analysis of the tobacco mosaic virus resistance gene <i>N</i> (2000)

The tobacco N gene is a member of the Toll-interleukin-1 receptor/nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) class of plant resistance (R) genes and confers resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). We investigated the importance of specific domains of N in inducing TMV resistance, by examining various N deletion and point mutations that introduce single amino acid substitution mutants in vivo. Our deletion analysis suggests that the TIR, NBS, and LRR domains play an indispensable role in the induction of resistance responses against TMV. We show that amino acids conserved among the Toll/IL-1R/plant R gene TIR domain and NBS-containing proteins play a critical role in N-mediated TMV resistance. Some loss-of-function N alleles such as the TIR deletion and point mutations in the NBS (G216A/E/V/R, G218R, G219D, K222E/N, and T223A/N) interfere with the wild-type N function and behave like dominant negative mutations. These F(1) plants mount a hypersensitive response (HR) that is indistinguishable from that of the wild-type N plants, yet TMV was able to move systemically, causing a systemic hypersensitive response (SHR). Many amino acid substitutions in the TIR, NBS, and LRR domains of N lead to a partial loss-of-function phenotype. These mutant plants mount delayed HR compared with the wild-type N plants and fail to contain the virus to the infection site. In addition, some partial loss-of-function alleles (W82S/A, W141S/A, G218V/S, and G219V) interfere with the wild-type N function, leading to SHR. The partial loss-of-function and dominant negative mutant alleles described in this report will be useful in furthering our understanding of the TIR-NBS-LRR class of R genes.
Qualitative and Quantitative Bacteriological Studies on a Fluidized Sand Biofilter Used in a Semiclosed Trout Culture System. (1993)

Abstract : We conducted a study of the numbers and types of heterotrophic bacteria that occur in a fluidized sand biofilter and in rearing water in a semiclosed trout culture research system at the Freshwater Institute, Shepherdstown, West Virginia. Methods were developed for sampling the biofilter at various depths, removal of bacteria from the biofilm on sand particles, selection of appropriate media for enumeration of bacteria, and plate count procedures. Sonication of sand from biofilters and a spread plate technique provided the best results in determining total counts of heterotrophic bacteria. In addition to determining total heterotrophic bacteria, the study was designed to detect the presence of the opportunistic fish pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens, as well as denitrifying bacteria.
Post-thoracotomy analgesia and perioperative outcome. (1999)

Post-thoracotomy pain is the most severe form of pain after surgery and is continuously exacerbated by ventilatory function. Due to the multiplicity of nociceptive inputs from the chest wall, thoracic viscera, diaphragm and postoperative chest tubes, postoperative pain may be difficult to control with single modalities. The aim is excellent analgesia with function i.e. normal ventilation and rapid mobilisation. A variety of agents and techniques have been shown to be effective analgesics with varying degrees of functional success. These include systemic opioids, NSAIDS and ketamine, regional analgesia (including epidural, spinal, paravetebral, intercostal and intrapleural techniques) and cryoanalgesia. The most popular and probably most effective technique at the present time is thoracic epidural analgesia using a combination of different local anesthetic agents and opioids. There are few data indicating any influence on outcome of different postthoracotomy analgesic techniques. Improvement in outcome requires a co-ordinated approach from all caregivers using the best possible analgesic techniques.
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Assessment of Pulmonary Veins and Left Atrium in Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation (2011)

PV antrum isolation with GP ablation acutely increased PV flow velocities and altered the pattern of PV Doppler flow signal, likely correlating with increased left atrial pressures, but did not appear to adversely impact on left atrial appendage physiology.
Granular shear flows of flat disks and elongated rods without and with friction (2013)

Granular shear flows of flat disks and elongated rods are simulated using the Discrete Element Method. The effects of particle shape, interparticle friction, coefficient of restitution, and Young's modulus on the flow behavior and solid phase stresses have been investigated. Without friction, the stresses decrease as the particles become flatter or more elongated due to the effect of particle shape on the motion and interaction of particles. In dense flows, the particles tend to have their largest dimension aligned in the flow direction and their smallest dimension aligned in the velocity gradient direction, such that the contacts between the particles are reduced. The particle alignment is more significant for flatter disks and more elongated rods. The interparticle friction has a crucial impact on the flow pattern, particle alignment, and stress. Unlike in the smooth layer flows with frictionless particles, frictional particles are entangled into large masses which rotate like solid bodies under shear. In dense flows with friction, a sharp stress increase is observed with a small increase in the solid volume fraction, and a space-spanning network of force chains is rapidly formed with the increase in stress. The stress surge can occur at a lower solid volume fraction for the flatter and more elongated particles. The particle Young's modulus has a negligible effect on dilute and moderately dense flows. However, in dense flows where the space-spanning network of force chains is formed, the stress depends strongly on the particle Young's modulus. In shear flows of non-spherical particles, the stress tensor is found to be symmetric, but anisotropic with the normal component in the flow direction greater than the other two normal components. The granular temperature for the non-spherical particle systems consists of translational and rotational temperatures. The translational temperature is not equally partitioned in the three directions with the component in the flow direction greater than the other two. The rotational temperature is less than the translational temperature at low solid volume fractions, but may become greater than the translational temperature at high solid volume fractions.
Microcalorimetric investigations on human leukemia cells — Molt 4 (1990)

Heat production by leukemia cells Molt 4, growing in suspensions with 1 and 3 x 10(5) cells/ml for 4 days, was studied by microcalorimetry. Heat production rates were related to cell growth, glucose consumption, lactate production and cellular ATP-content. The results show that the time course of heat dissipation is dependent on initial cell number. However, observed thermal power maxima were fairly identical in all experiments. Heat production rates per cell were similar during the initial phase of the study independently of initial cell number, while higher cell densities resulted in significantly lower rate of heat production. Glycolytic conversion of glucose into lactate is nearly stoichiometric. Our results indicate a relationship between heat production and amounts of glucose and lactate in the medium. ATP concentration in cells decreased after 24 hours of culture.
Belatacept for prevention of acute rejection in adult patients who have had a kidney transplant: an update (2012)

In June 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration approved belatacept for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in adult kidney transplant recipients. This review discusses the use of belatacept for the prevention of acute rejection as part of a maintenance immunosuppression regimen. Belatacept is a selective costimulation blocker designed to provide effective immunosuppression while avoiding the toxicities associated with calcineurin inhibitors. Phase III trial data have demonstrated that belatacept is noninferior to cyclosporine in 1-year patient and allograft survival. Three-year data demonstrate an ongoing improvement in mean measured glomerular filtration rate in belatacept-treated versus cyclosporine-treated patients. However, the rate of acute rejection was higher in belatacept-treated patients compared with cyclosporine. Specifically, there was a higher incidence of Banff type II rejections in patients treated with belatacept. Despite the higher Banff grade, rejections on belatacept were not associated with other factors associated with poor outcomes, such as the development of donor-specific antibodies or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate. One safety issue that must be considered when using belatacept is the potential for increased risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. There were more cases of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease in belatacept-treated patients, especially in recipients seronegative for Epstein-Barr virus or patients treated with lymphocyte-depleting agents. Therefore, belatacept can be recommended for use in Epstein-Barr virus antibody-positive recipients.
COCKTAIL: An RF-Based Hybrid Approach for Indoor Localization (2010)

Traditional RF-based indoor positioning approaches use only Radio Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) to locate the target object. But RSSI suffers significantly from the multi-path phenomenon and other environmental factors. Hence, the localization accuracy drops dramatically in a large tracking field. To solve this problem, this paper introduces one more resource, the dynamic of RSSI, which is the variance of signal strength caused by the target object and is more robust to environment changes. By combining these two resources, we are able to greatly improve the accuracy and scalability of current RF-based approaches. We call such hybrid approach COCKTAIL. It employs both the technologies of active RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Sensors use the dynamic of RSSI to figure out a cluster of reference tags as candidates. The final target location is estimated by using the RSSI relationships between the target tag and candidate reference tags. Experiments show that COCKTAIL can reach a remarkable high degree of localization accuracy to 0:45m, which outperforms significantly to most of the pure RF-based localization approaches.
Accordion (2018)

Log-structured merge (LSM) stores have emerged as the technology of choice for building scalable write-intensive key-value storage systems. An LSM store replaces random I/O with sequential I/O by accumulating large batches of writes in a memory store prior to flushing them to log-structured disk storage; the latter is continuously re-organized in the background through a compaction process for efficiency of reads. Though inherent to the LSM design, frequent compactions are a major pain point because they slow down data store operations, primarily writes, and also increase disk wear. Another performance bottleneck in today's state-of-the-art LSM stores, in particular ones that use managed languages like Java, is the fragmented memory layout of their dynamic memory store. In this paper we show that these pain points may be mitigated via better organization of the memory store. We present Accordion - an algorithm that addresses these problems by re-applying the LSM design principles to memory management. Accordion is implemented in the production code of Apache HBase, where it was extensively evaluated. We demonstrate Accordion's double-digit performance gains versus the baseline HBase implementation and discuss some unexpected lessons learned in the process.
Transport-of-intensity phase imaging using Savitzky-Golay differentiation filter - theory and applications (2013)

Several existing strategies for estimating the axial intensity derivative in the transport-of-intensity equation (TIE) from multiple intensity measurements have been unified by the Savitzky-Golay differentiation filter--an equivalent convolution solution for differentiation estimation by least-squares polynomial fitting. The different viewpoint from the digital filter in signal processing not only provides great insight into the behaviors, the shortcomings, and the performance of these existing intensity derivative estimation algorithms, but more important, it also suggests a new way of improving solution strategies by extending the applications of Savitzky-Golay differentiation filter in TIE. Two novel methods for phase retrieval based on TIE are presented--the first by introducing adaptive-degree strategy in spatial domain and the second by selecting optimal spatial frequencies in Fourier domain. Numerical simulations and experiments verify that the second method outperforms the existing methods significantly, showing reliable retrieved phase with both overall contrast and fine phase variations well preserved.
The role of rituximab in combination with pentostatin or cladribine for the treatment of recurrent/refractory hairy cell leukemia (2007)

The combination of purine analogs with rituximab was safe and effective for patients with recurrent and/or refractory HCL, and the current results suggested an added benefit compared with standard treatment.
WEB-THERMODYN: sequence analysis software for profiling DNA helical stability (2003)

WEB-THERMODYN analyzes DNA sequences and computes the DNA helical stability, i.e. the free energy required to unwind and separate the strands of the double helix. A helical stability profile across a selected DNA region or the entire sequence is generated by sliding-window analysis. WEB-THERMODYN can predict sites of low helical stability present at regulatory regions for transcription and replication and can be used to test the influence of mutations. The program can be accessed at: http://wings.buffalo.edu/gsa/dna/dk/WEBTHERMODYN/.
Tuning the metal binding site specificity of a fluorescent sensor protein: from copper to zinc and back (2012)

We previously reported the development of high affinity Zn(2+) FRET sensors based on the Zn(2+)-mediated interaction between the CXXC motifs present in the copper chaperone proteins ATOX1 and WD4. By systematically substituting several of these cysteines for methionines, we constructed sensor variants that retain a high affinity for Cu(+), while effectively abolishing their ability to form stable tetrahedral Zn(2+) complexes.
Measuring the Thickness of Metal Coatings: A Review of the Methods (2020)

Thickness dramatically affects the functionality of coatings. Accordingly, the techniques in use to determine the thickness are of utmost importance for coatings research and technology. In this review, we analyse some of the most appropriate methods for determining the thickness of metallic coatings. In doing so, we classify the techniques into two categories: (i) destructive and (ii) non-destructive. We report on the peculiarity and accuracy of each of these methods with a focus on the pros and cons. The manuscript also covers practical issues, such as the complexity of the procedure and the time required to obtain results. While the analysis focuses most on metal coatings, many methods are also applicable to films of other materials.
Tough, transparent heat‐ and flame‐resistant thermoplastics via silicone block‐modified bisphenol fluorenone polycarbonate (1976)

Abstract Bisphenol fluorenone carbonate–dimethylsiloxane block polymers have been synthesized by interfacial condensation of phosgene with various mixtures of BPF‐endcapped silicone oligomers and free BPF or its monosodium salt. The multisequence block polymers described here contain 7% to 27% silicone consisting of blocks of number‐average degree of polymerization 10 to 40. Cast films are clear and colorless. Two glass temperatures are evident in each resin, one at about −100°C for the silicone microdomains and one at temperatures as high as 275°C for the polycarbonate matrix. While BPF polycarbonate is brittle, block polymers with as little as 10% silicone yield by shear deformation before breaking. Ultimate elongations are increased by preorientation at silicone contents above 15%. At temperatures far removed from BPF carbonate domain T g 's, both modulus and yield stress decrease with increasing silicone content, independent of block length, in a manner rationalized quantitatively by hard phase–soft phase continuum models. Ultimate tensile elongation, impact toughness, and plane strain stress intensity factors increase with silicone content, through a stress whitening mechanism. At higher silicone contents, shear deformation enhances tensile elongation and impact toughness. Heat distortion temperatures of 200°C or more are achieved. Flame resistance exceeds that of any known nonhalogenated resin. The resins are extrudable and injection moldable with only minor changes in color, transparency, and strength properties. Resins with 15% to 20% silicone can have a balance of properties that makes them attractive as tough, transparent heat‐ and flame‐ resistant engineering plastics.
A Controller Area Network Bus Transceiver Behavioral Model for Network Design and Simulation (2009)

The main purpose of this paper is to develop reliable and affordable tools and methodologies for the design, simulation, and fault analysis of controller area network (CAN) bus networks. In this paper, a behavioral model of a CAN bus transceiver is proposed and experimentally verified. Moreover, we developed a methodology to efficiently manage the trade-off concerning accuracy, simulation speed, and convergence issues which are usually involved in the simulation of large CAN bus networks. To this aim, three different architectures of the transceiver behavioral model have been implemented: They can be selected by the user to address specific requirements of intended analyses. The architectures are based on a set of behavioral models of the basic mixed-signal circuit building blocks of the transceiver. The models were implemented using the VHDL-AMS language. Signal integrity, fault analysis, power consumption analysis, corner analysis, etc., can be effectively and reliably implemented. Simulation and experimental results, which demonstrate our approach efficiency, are reported.
Strong polarization conversion in periodically loaded strip waveguides (1998)

We give a comprehensive explanation for an unexpected strong polarization conversion effect in periodically loaded strip waveguides, which was detected experimentally some years ago. The effect can be put down to the occurrence of hybrid supermodes. Based on this knowledge, design proposals for new, highly efficient polarization converters can be given.
Characterization of indoor air contaminants in a randomly selected set of commercial nail salons in Salt Lake County, Utah, USA (2013)

Air samples were collected in 12 randomly selected commercial nail salons in Salt Lake County, Utah. Measurements of salon physical/chemical parameters (room volume, CO2 levels) were obtained. Volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations were collected using summa air canisters and sorbent media tubes for an 8-h period. Multivariate analyses were used to identify relationships between salon physical/chemical characteristics and the VOCs found in the air samples. The ACGIH(®) additive mixing formula was also applied to determine if there were potential overexposures to the combined airborne concentrations of chemicals monitored. Methyl methacrylate was detected in 58% of the establishments despite having been banned for use in nail products by the state of Utah. Formaldehyde was found above the NIOSH REL(®) (0.016 ppm) in 58% of the establishments. Given the assortment of VOCs to which nail salon workers are potentially exposed, a combination of engineering as well as personal protective equipment is recommended.
Design of a GSM Vocoder using SpecC Methodology (1998)

This report describes the design of a voice encoder/decoder (vocoder) based on the European GSM standard employing the system-level design methodology developed at UC Irvine. The project is a result of a cooperation between UCI and Motorola to demonstrate the SpecC methodology. Starting from the abstract executable specification written in SpecC different design alternatives concerning the system architecture (components and communication) are explored and the vocoder specification is gradually refined and mapped to a final HW/SW implementation such that the constraints are satisfied optimally. The final code for downloading onto the processors and the RTL hardware descriptions for synthesis of the ASICs are generated for the software and hardware parts, respectively.
Wearable computing meets ubiquitous computing: reaping the best of both worlds (2003)

This paper describes what we see as fundamental difficulties in both the pure ubiquitous computing and pure wearable computing paradigms when applied to context-aware applications. In particular, ubiquitous computing and smart room systems tend to have difficulties with privacy and personalization, while wearable systems have trouble with localized information, localized resource control, and resource management between multiple people. These difficulties are discussed and a peer-to-peer network of wearable and ubiquitous computing components is proposed as a solution. This solution is demonstrated through several implemented applications.