gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant drugs block in vitro the neurotoxicity of CSF from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (1996)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurological disease characterized by upper and lower motoneurone degeneration. Excitotoxicity and oxidative stress have been proposed as possible aetiological factors. We measured the neuronal death induced in rat cortical cell cultures by CSF taken from seven ALS patient and seven control subjects with lumbar radiculopathies. Cultures were exposed to CSF for 48 h at a dilution of 1:4. Some cultures were also exposed to antioxidant drugs, the free radical scavenger vitamin E (250 microM) and the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol (50 microM), alone or combined. The mean neuronal death rate was 31.8 +/- 3.4% in cultures exposed to ALS CSF and 10.9 +/- 1.8% in cultures exposed to control CSF. The cytotoxicity of ALS CSF was partially blocked by vitamin E (21.6 +/- 3%) or by allopurinol (18.6 +/- 2.7%). The combination of these two antioxidants reduced the toxicity from 31.8 +/- 3.4% to 10.6 +/- 1.7%. The present work suggests that neurotoxicity induced by CSF from patients with ALS indirectly involves free radicals. A combination of allopurinol and vitamin E may be useful in ALS therapy.
A Second Gene for Cerulean Cataracts Maps to the β Crystallin Region on Chromosome 22 (1996)

Congenital cataracts are one of the most common major eye abnormalities and often lead to blindness in infants. At least a third of all cases are familial. Within this group, highly penetrant, autosomal dominant forms of congenital cataracts (ADCC) are most common. ADCC is a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders, in which at least eight different loci have been identified for nine clinically distinct forms. Among these, Armitage et al. (Nature Genet. 9: 37-40, 1995) mapped a gene for cerulean blue cataracts to chromosome 17q24. Bodker et al. (Am. J. Med. Genet. 37: 54-59, 1990) described a large family with cerulean blue cataracts, in which the affected daughter of affected first cousins was presumed to be homozygous for the purported gene. We report linkage in this family to the region on chromosome 22q that includes two beta crystallin genes (CRYBB2, CRYBB3) and one pseudogene (CRYBB2P1). The affected female in question is homozygous at all markers.
Optimized Mobile User Plane Solutions for 5G (2018)

3GPP CT4 has approved a study item to study different mobility
management protocols for potential replacement of GTP tunnels between
UPFs (N9 Interface) in the 3GPP 5G system architecture. This document
provides an overview of 5G system architecture in the context of N9
Interface which is the scope of the 3GPP CT4 study item [CP-173160-1],
[TS.23.501-3GPP], [TS.23.502-3GPP], [TS.23.503-3GPP],
[TS.29.244-3GPP], [TS.29.281-3GPP], [TS.38.300-3GPP], and
[TS.38.401-3GPP]. Architecture requirements for evaluation of
candidate protocols are provided. Optimization of the user plane can
be in different ways - packet overhead, transport integration, etc.
Several IETF protocols are considered for comparison: SRv6, LISP, ILA
and several combinations of control plane and user plane protocols.
<i>GIGANTOCHARINUS SZATMARYI,</i>A NEW TRIGONOTARBID ARACHNID FROM THE LATE DEVONIAN OF NORTH AMERICA (CHELICERATA, ARACHNIDA, TRIGONOTARBIDA) (2000)

A new trigonotarbid arachnid, Gigantocharinus szatmaryi new genus and species, is described from Upper Devonian (Late Famennian) sediments in Pennsylvania. Devonian trigonotarbids were known before from only a single North American locality and several European ones. The new trigonotarbid occurs in what had previously been a significant time gap between the faunas of the Middle Devonian and the late Carboniferous. Gigantocharinus szatmaryi is assigned with some hesitation to the family Palaeocharinidae.
Improved cantilever profiles for sensor elements (2007)

The problem of simultaneously enhancing sensitivity and noise immunity of microcantilevers is investigated. The dependence of deflection and resonant frequency of a microcantilever on its dimensions is studied. A principle to increase deflection and resonant frequency simultaneously is established. Several cantilevers agreeing with this principle are investigated using analytical models and are compared with FEM simulations. Using these results, a cantilever profile that achieves a larger deflection and a larger resonant frequency compared with uniform cantilevers is proposed to be used in sensor elements.
Microglia and macrophages are major sources of locally produced transforming growth factor-?1 after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats (1998)

The potentially neurotrophic cytokine transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is locally expressed following human stroke and experimental ischemic lesions, but the cellular source(s) and profile of induction have so far not been established in experimental focal cerebral ischemia. This study presents the time course and a cellular localization of TGF-beta1 mRNA, visualized by in situ hybridization combined with immunohistochemical staining for microglia, macrophages, or astrocytes, on brain sections from adult spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to transient proximal occlusion of their middle cerebral artery. Six hours after ischemia, an early and transient neuronal and microglial expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA was observed in the extraischemic cingulate and frontal cortices. Both early and protracted expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA in the caudate-putamen and neocortical infarcts and in the caudate-putamen penumbra colocalized with OX42/ED1-immunoreactive microglia and macrophages, whereas TGF-beta1 mRNA in the neocortical penumbra colocalized with OX42/ED1-immunoreactive cells of a microglial morphology. No astrocytes were double-labeled. The number of TGF-beta1 mRNA-expressing microglia and macrophages increased strongly during the first week. Thereafter, TGF-beta1 mRNA became increasingly restricted to the neocortical penumbra (3 weeks), and after 3 months it was confined to activated microglia in the anterior commissure. Our data establish activated microglia and macrophages as the major source of TGF-beta1 mRNA following experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Consequently, TGF-beta1-mediated functions may be exerted by microglia both in the early degenerative phase, and later in combination with blood-borne macrophages, in the remodeling and healing phase after focal cerebral ischemia.
Evaluation of Surrogate Animal Models of Melioidosis (2010)

Burkholderia pseudomallei is the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for the disease melioidosis. B. pseudomallei establishes disease in susceptible individuals through multiple routes of infection, all of which may proceed to a septicemic disease associated with a high mortality rate. B. pseudomallei opportunistically infects humans and a wide range of animals directly from the environment, and modeling of experimental melioidosis has been conducted in numerous biologically relevant models including mammalian and invertebrate hosts. This review seeks to summarize published findings related to established animal models of melioidosis, with an aim to compare and contrast the virulence of B. pseudomallei in these models. The effect of the route of delivery on disease is also discussed for intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intranasal, aerosol, oral, and intratracheal infection methodologies, with a particular focus on how they relate to modeling clinical melioidosis. The importance of the translational validity of the animal models used in B. pseudomallei research is highlighted as these studies have become increasingly therapeutic in nature.
Software Defined Optical Access Networks (SDOANs): A Comprehensive Survey. (2015)

The emerging software defined networking (SDN) paradigm separates the data plane from the control plane and centralizes network control in an SDN controller. SDN facilitates the virtualization of network functions so that multiple virtual networks can operate over a given installed physical network. Optical network segments, such as passive optical networks (PONs), have become important for providing network access. In this article, we comprehensively survey studies that examine the concepts of SDN and network virtualization in optical access networks; in brief, we survey the area of software defined optical access networks (SDOANs). We organize the SDOAN studies into architecture and protocol focused studies. We then subclassify the studies according to the network layers. In particular, for protocol-focused studies, we consider subclassifications for the physical layer, medium access control (link) layer, and network layer. In addition, we consider subclassifications for studies focused on quality of service, multilayer (multitechnology) networking, and virtualization. Based on the survey, we identify open challenges for SDOANs and outline future directions.
Energy and Task-Aware Partitioning on Single-ISA Clustered Heterogeneous Processors (2019)

Heterogeneous multi-core processing is increasingly adopted in embedded systems. Heterogeneous platforms can provide energy consumption reduction by employing longstanding techniques like Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and Dynamic Power Management (DPM). An effective energy-management strategy simultaneously exploits hardware-and software-level energy-reduction techniques. Energy-efficient partitioning is one software-level method where task allocation to heterogeneous clusters directly impacts the total system energy. In this paper, we couple the problem of energy-efficient partitioning on single-ISA heterogeneous platforms with task-aware scheduling. Tasks differ in their instruction mix, cache, memory and I/O access, execution path, and active processing and SoC circuitry. This affects their power demand. We make further use of underlying hardware frequency scaling to reduce the system energy. We propose four variants of our Task and Cluster Heterogeneity Aware Partitioning (TCHAP) targeting ARM big.LITTLE platforms, and show that our algorithms achieve up to 30 percent energy-reduction on average compared to a state-of-the-art scheme.
Pyrocatechol Violet in Spectrophotometric and Novel Optical Methods (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Review of recent experimental and modeling progress in the lower hybrid range of frequencies at ITER relevant parameters (2014)

Progress in experiment and simulation capability in the lower hybrid range of frequencies at ITER relevant parameters is reviewed. Use of LH power in reactor devices is motivated in terms of its potential for efficient off-axis current profile control. Recent improvements in simulation capability including the development of full-wave field solvers, inclusion of the scrape off layer (SOL) in wave propagation codes, the use of coupled ray tracing/full-wave/3D (r v⊥, v//) Fokker Planck models, and the inclusion of wave scattering as well as nonlinear broadening effects in ray tracing / Fokker Planck codes are discussed. Experimental and modeling results are reviewed which are aimed at understanding the spectral gap problem in LH current drive (LHCD) and the density limit that has been observed and mitigated in LHCD experiments. Physics mechanisms that could be operative in these experiments are discussed, including toroidally induced variations in the parallel wavenumber, nonlinear broadening of the pump wave, scattering of LH waves from density fluctuations in the SOL, and spectral broadening at the plasma edge via full-wave effects.
Changing a conserved amino acid in R2R3‐<scp>MYB</scp> transcription repressors results in cytoplasmic accumulation and abolishes their repressive activity in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2015)

Sub-group 4 R2R3-type MYB transcription factors, including MYB3, MYB4, MYB7 and MYB32, act as repressors in phenylpropanoid metabolism. These proteins contain the conserved MYB domain and the ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) repression domain. Additionally, MYB4, MYB7 and MYB32 possess a putative zinc-finger domain and a conserved GY/FDFLGL motif in their C-termini. The protein 'sensitive to ABA and drought 2' (SAD2) recognizes the nuclear pore complex, which then transports the SAD2-MYB4 complex into the nucleus. Here, we show that the conserved GY/FDFLGL motif contributes to the interaction between MYB factors and SAD2. The Asp → Asn mutation in the GY/FDFLGL motif abolishes the interaction between MYB transcription factors and SAD2, and therefore they cannot be transported into the nucleus and cannot repress their target genes. We found that MYB4(D261N) loses the capacity to repress expression of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) gene and biosynthesis of sinapoyl malate. Our results indicate conservation among MYB transcription factors in terms of their interaction with SAD2. Therefore, the Asp → Asn mutation may be used to engineer transcription factors.
Anomaly detection in wireless sensor networks using self-organizing map and wavelets (2010)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been applied in agriculture monitoring to monitor and collect various physical attributes within a specific area. It is important to detect data anomalies to determine a suitable course of action. The underlying aim of this paper is therefore to propose an anomaly detection scheme which is able to detect anomalies accurately by means of exploiting both time and frequency characteristics of the data signals. The contribution of this paper centers on anomaly detection by using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) combined with a competitive learning neural network called self-organizing map (SOM) in order to accurately detect abnormal data readings. Experiment results from synthetic and real data collected from a WSN show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the SOM algorithm by up to 18% and DWT algorithm by up to 35% in presence of bursty faults with marginal increase of false alarm rate.
In-Plane Deformation Measurements Using Digital Image Correlation of Ultrasonic C-Scan Images (2003)

The extension of digital image correlation method to ultrasonic C-scan acoustical speckle images of the bulk is presented in this paper. The approach discussed in this paper is ideally suited to composite materials such as particulate composites, fiber-reinforced plastics, and laminated composites. It can also be effectively employed for critical surfaces that are not within view, such as interfaces and back surfaces. Images taken prior to and after deformation are analyzed to estimate a deformation profile from changes in the image. The aim of the method is to find the displacements and strains of small subsets from the second image relative to the first one. This is accomplished by comparing the intensity levels of the subsets in the images. The speed and accuracy of the system is enhanced by the genetic algorithms(GAs) which are used to optimize correlation of images. An ultrasonic C-scan system was used to obtain the intensity images of the front or back surface of an isotropic or composite material. Three experimental tests were conducted to illustrate the application of Ultrasonic C-scan digital image correlation method. These tests include: 1) uniform translation, 2) small angle rotation, and 3) uniform deformation. A laminated carbon/epoxy composite panel (305×305×8 mm) was used for uniform translation and small angle rotation tests. A rubber specimen was used to perform the uniform axial deformation test. The results of correlated displacements (angles) are compared to the actual displacements (angles). The accuracy and applied limitation of the three experiments are also illustrated in this paper.
Structure of the quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase of <i>Escherichia coli</i> modelled on that of methanol dehydrogenase from <i>Methylobacterium extorquens</i> (1995)

The structure of methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) at 0.194 nm (1.94 A) has been used to provide a model structure for part of a membrane quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). The basic superbarrel structure is retained, along with the tryptophan-docking motifs. The active-site regions are similar, but there are important differences, the most important being that GDH lacks the novel disulphide ring structure formed from adjacent cysteines in MDH; in GDH the equivalent region is occupied by His-262. Because of the overall similarities in the active-site region, the mechanism of action of GDH is likely to be similar to that of MDH. The differences in co-ordination to the cation and bonding to the pyrrolo-quinoline quinone (PQQ) in the active site may explain the relative ease of dissociation of the prosthetic group from the holo-GDH. There are considerable differences in the external loops, particularly those involved in formation of the shallow funnel leading to the active site, the configuration of which influences substrate specificity. The proposed model is consistent in many respects with previous proposals for the active-site structure based on the effects of chemical modification on binding of PQQ and enzymic activity.
Amperometric Nitric Oxide Microsensor Based on Nanopore-Platinized Platinum: The Application for Imaging NO Concentrations (2009)

This paper reports an amperometric nitric oxide (NO) microsensor based on a cone-shaped nanopore-platinized Pt working electrode. The senor was fabricated using the following procedure: (1) a parent nanodisk electrode was prepared by polishing an etched Pt wire (radius = 12.5 microm; dimension of etched tip end point <10 nm) embedded in a glass capillary, (2) the nanodisk Pt was further etched to produce a nanopore (pore opening radius <1 microm; pore depth approximately 30 microm), (3) the Pt base surface in the nanopore electrode was platinized electrochemically to improve the sensor sensitivity, and (4) silanization and further modification with the electropolymerized polymeric film [poly(5-amino-1-naphthol)] on the nanopore-platinized Pt electrode were carried out to obtain the sensor selectivity to NO. The analytical performance of the sensor was characterized. For example, a sensor with a pore opening radius of 797 nm exhibited a decent linear dynamic range (at least for 0.2-1.8 microM), detection limit of < approximately 32 nM, response time (t(90%)) of < approximately 5 s, and sensitivity of 6.5 +/- 0.02 pA/nM. This sensor was used successfully as a NO-selective probe tip in scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to obtain a two-dimensional image of the local NO concentrations for an inlaid NO-emitting microdisk film (radius = 12.5 microm) on a glass substrate.
Helper T cells without CD4: control of leishmaniasis in CD4-deficient mice (1993)

Expression of either the CD4 or CD8 glycoproteins discriminates two functionally distinct lineages of T lymphocytes. A null mutation in the gene encoding CD4 impairs the development of the helper cell lineage that is normally defined by CD4 expression. Infection of CD4-null mice with Leishmania has revealed a population of functional helper T cells that develops despite the absence of CD4. These CD8- alpha beta T cell receptor+ T cells are major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted and produce interferon-gamma when challenged with parasite antigens. These results indicate that T lymphocyte lineage commitment and peripheral function need not depend on the function of CD4.
Design of a LISP-based microprocessor (1980)

We present a design for a class of computers whose “instruction sets” are based on LISP. LISP, like traditional stored-program machine languages and unlike most high-level languages, conceptually stores programs and data in the same way and explicitly allows programs to be manipulated as data, and so is a suitable basis for a stored-program computer architecture. LISP differs from traditional machine languages in that the program/data storage is conceptually an unordered set of linked record structures of various sizes, rather than an ordered, indexable vector of integers or bit fields of fixed size. An instruction set can be designed for programs expressed as trees of record structures. A processor can interpret these program trees in a recursive fashion and provide automatic storage management for the record structures. We discuss a small-scale prototype VLSI microprocessor which has been designed and fabricated, containing a sufficiently complete instruction interpreter to execute small programs and a rudimentary storage allocator.
Henry's law determinations for aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, and peroxyacetic acid (1986)

The Henry's law constants for aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, and peroxyacetic acid were measured over the temperature range 278°–293°K. These determinations were made by measuring the vapor pressure of the peroxide in a gas stream of nitrogen or air that was in equilibrium with a solution of known peroxide concentration. The aqueous phase concentrations ranged from 5 × 10 −5 M to 5 × 10 −3 M for hydrogen peroxide, and from 1 × 10 −6 M to 1 × 10 −4 M for methylhydroperoxide and peroxyacetic acid. In all cases, Henry's law was obeyed over the concentration range investigated. The temperature dependence of the Henry's law constant is expressed by K H = e [A/T−B] , where K H is in the units of molar concentration per atm, and T is in degrees Kelvin. The coefficients' values are A = 6621, B = 11.00 for hydrogen peroxide; A = 5607, B = 13.41 for methylhydroperoxide; and A = 6171, B = 14.55 for peroxyacetic acid. The experimental errors on K H at the 95% confidence level are ±8.3% for hydrogen peroxide, ±11% for methylhydroperoxide, and ±17% for peroxyacetic acid. In addition, the Henry's law behavior of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate was investigated. The Henry's law constant of hydrogen peroxide decreased with increasing sulfuric acid concentration and increased with increasing ammonium sulfate concentration.
Widely Tunable High-Power Two-Color VECSELs for New Wavelength Generation (2014)

We report a collinear two-color vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL), which with minimal changes is suitable for intracavity type I second harmonic generation (SHG), type II sum frequency generation (SFG), and type II difference frequency generation (DFG). The demonstrated two-chip cavity provides high-brightness, independently tunable two color, orthogonally polarized intracavity lasing modes. VECSEL chips with emission around 970 and 1185 nm allow the generation of a wide range of wavelengths in the visible and long-wavelength spectral range. The open cavity, collinear geometry, provided a platform for efficient SHG yellow output, SHG blue output, and SFG of green output in the same cavity while only changing the nonlinear crystals. In all cases for visible light generation, a lithium triborate nonlinear crystal is introduced in the cavity region where the fundamental beams are overlapped. Simultaneous SHG and SFG in the same cavity resulting in overlapped outputs consisting of two visible colors are also demonstrated. By using two VECSEL chips with similar gain peaks, intracavity terahertz generation by DFG is demonstrated for the first time in a T-cavity VECSEL geometry. A custom-made tilted periodically poled lithium niobate nonlinear crystal generated DFG signal around 1 THz.