gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incremental Learning of Locally Orthogonal Subspaces for Set-based Object Recognition (2006)

Orthogonal subspaces are effective models to represent object image sets (generally any high-dimensional vector sets). Canonical correlation analysis of the orthogonal subspaces provides a good solution to discriminate objects with sets of images. In such a recognition task involving image sets, an efficient learning over a large volume of image sets, which may be increasing over time, is important. In this paper, an incremental learning method of orthogonal subspaces is proposed by updating the principal components of the class correlation and total correlation matrices separately, yielding the same solution as the batch computation with far lower computational cost. A novel concept of local orthogonality is further proposed to cope with non-linear manifolds of data vectors and find a more optimal solution of orthogonal subspaces for a certain neighbouring object image sets. In the experiments using 700 face image sets, the locally orthogonal subspaces outperformed the orthogonal subspaces as well as relevant state-of-the-art methods in accuracy. Note that the locally orthogonal subspaces are also amenable to incremental updating due to their linear property.
Nucleophile aromatische Substitutionen über Arine (1960)

Abstract Schon lange bekannte Umlagerungsreaktionen im Zuge nucleophiler aromatischer Substitutionen führten im vergangenen Jahrzehnt zur Aufdeckung eines bedeutsamen neuen Reaktionsmechanismus. Dabei kommt es im basischen Medium zu einer primären Eliminierung von HX aus ArX unter Einbeziehung benachbarter Ringpositionen. Die als Zwischenstufe auftretenden „Arine”︁ sind starke elektrophile Agentien, die nach den Aryl‐Kationen als die energischsten Arylierungsmittel betrachtet werden können. Im folgenden wird über den Gültigkeitsbereich dieses Eliminierungsweges der nucleophilen aromatischen Substitution zusammenfassend berichtet. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt den Mechanismen der Arin‐Freisetzung, dem Nachweis des Zwischenstufencharakters sowie den quantitativen Aspekten der Arin‐Reaktivität.
Modeling and Syndromic Surveillance for Estimating Weather-Induced Heat-Related Illness (2011)

This paper compares syndromic surveillance and predictive weather-based models for estimating emergency department (ED) visits for Heat-Related Illness (HRI). A retrospective time-series analysis of weather station observations and ICD-coded HRI ED visits to ten hospitals in south eastern Ontario, Canada, was performed from April 2003 to December 2008 using hospital data from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) database, ED patient chief complaint data collected by a syndromic surveillance system, and weather data from Environment Canada. Poisson regression and Fast Orthogonal Search (FOS), a nonlinear time series modeling technique, were used to construct models for the expected number of HRI ED visits using weather predictor variables (temperature, humidity, and wind speed). Estimates of HRI visits from regression models using both weather variables and visit counts captured by syndromic surveillance as predictors were slightly more highly correlated with NACRS HRI ED visits than either regression models using only weather predictors or syndromic surveillance counts.
A 16, 24, 32 kbit/s wideband speech codec based on ATCELP (1999)

This paper describes a combined adaptive transform codec (ATC) and code-excited linear prediction (CELP) algorithm, called ATCELP, for the compression of wideband (7 kHz) signals. The CELP algorithm applies mainly to speech, whereas the ATC mode is selected for music and noise signals. We propose a switching scheme between CELP and ATC mode and describe a frame erasure concealment technique. Subjective listening tests have shown that the ATCELP codec at bit rates of 16, 24 and 32 kbit/s achieved performances close to those of the CCITT G.722 at 48, 56 and 64 kbit/s, respectively, at most operating conditions.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope gp120-Induced Partial T-Cell Receptor Signaling Creates an F-Actin-Depleted Zone in the Virological Synapse (2009)

Cell-to-cell transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occurs via a virological synapse (VS), a tight cell-cell junction formed between HIV-infected cells and target cells in which the HIV-1-infected cell polarizes and releases virions toward the noninfected target cell in a gp120- and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)-dependent process. The response of the target cell has been less studied. We utilized supported planar bilayers presenting gp120 and ICAM-1 as a reductionist model for the infected-cell membrane and investigated its effect on the target CD4 T cell. This study shows that HIV-1 gp120 interaction with its receptors is initially organized into microclusters that undergo F-actin-dependent consolidation into a central supramolecular activation complex (cSMAC). Src kinases are active in both gp120 microclusters and in the VS cSMAC. The early T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling machinery is partially activated at the VS, and signaling does not propagate to trigger Ca(2+) elevation or increase CD69 expression. However, these partial TCR signals act locally to create an F-actin-depleted zone. We propose a model in which the F-actin-depleted zone formed within the target CD4 T cell enhances the reception of virions by releasing the physical barrier for HIV-1 entry and facilitating postentry events.
Infrared fingerprints of few-layer black phosphorus (2017)

Black phosphorus is an infrared layered material. Its bandgap complements other widely studied two-dimensional materials: zero-gap graphene and visible/near-infrared gap transition metal dichalcogenides. Although highly desirable, a comprehensive infrared characterization is still lacking. Here we report a systematic infrared study of mechanically exfoliated few-layer black phosphorus, with thickness ranging from 2 to 15 layers and photon energy spanning from 0.25 to 1.36 eV. Each few-layer black phosphorus exhibits a thickness-dependent unique infrared spectrum with a series of absorption resonances, which reveals the underlying electronic structure evolution and serves as its infrared fingerprints. Surprisingly, unexpected absorption features, which are associated with the forbidden optical transitions, have been observed. Furthermore, we unambiguously demonstrate that controllable uniaxial strain can be used as a convenient and effective approach to tune the electronic structure of few-layer black phosphorus. Our study paves the way for black phosphorus applications in infrared photonics and optoelectronics.
An approach for intention-driven, dialogue-based Web search (2012)

Web search engines facilitate the achievement of Web-mediated tasks, including information retrieval, Web page navigation, and online transactions. These tasks often involve goals that pertain to multiple topics, or domains. Current search engines are not suitable for satisfying complex, multi-domain needs due to their lack of interactivity and knowledge. This thesis presents a novel intention-driven, dialogue-based Web search approach that uncovers and combines users' multi-domain goals to provide helpful virtual assistance. The intention discovery procedure uses a hierarchy of Partially Observable Markov Decision Process-based dialogue managers and a backing knowledge base to systematically explore the dialogue's information space, probabilistically refining the perception of user goals. The search approach has been implemented in IDS, a search engine for online gift shopping. A usability study comparing IDS-based searching with Google-based searching found that the IDS-based approach takes significantly less time and effort, and results in higher user confidence in the retrieved results.
Serial Measurement of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Serum of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke (2000)

VEGF but not TGF-beta1 showed a dramatic increase in serum of stroke patients. Correlation between stroke severity and VEGF concentration suggests it could be involved in the subsequent repair processes resulting in partial recovery after stroke. Correlation between VEGF expression and peripheral leukocytosis suggests that these changes may also reflect the immunologic status of the patient. VEGF may play an important role in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke and could be of value in future treatment strategies.
Ring-Opening Polymerization (1977)

It is now generally accepted that the propagation reaction in the cationic ring-pening polymerization of cyclic amines is a nucleophilic attack of the monomer nitrogen on a strained cyclic ammonium salt which is the active species of the growing macromolecule. The driving force of the polymerization is the relief of strain associated with the ring-opening of the active chain end. The resultant polymer molecules, however, also contain nucleophilic amino functions and therefore the polymer competes with monomer to react with the active species. This results in the formation of a (linear or cyclic) non-strained and therefore non-reactive ammonium salt.
Echantillonnage irregulier et interpolation : application a la representation d'images fixes et animees (1997)

Le domaine d'etude de cette these est le traitement numerique des signaux pour la compression d'images ou de sequences d'images. L'originalite de cette these repose sur l'utilisation de la notion de sous-echantillonnage adaptatif dans le domaine de la compression intra-image et dans le domaine de l'estimation et la compensation du mouvement inter-images. Cette notion necessite la manipulation des outils d'interpolation et d'approximation de donnees irregulierement echantillonnees. Notre travail a donc d'abord consiste a explorer d'une part, les grandes classes methodologiques en matiere d'interpolation et d'approximation de donnees irregulierement echantillonnees et d'autre part, les algorithmes de sous-echantillonnage d'images numeriques. A partir de ce travail, nous proposons, a partir du choix de methodes d'interpolation, plusieurs algorithmes de sous-echantillonnages et codage d'images fixes. Nos resultats sont compares a ceux obtenus par les standards actuels de codage d'images fixes. La seconde partie de notre travail integre les outils de sous-echantillonnage et d'interpolation dans des schemas d'estimation et de compensation du mouvement. Plusieurs algorithmes d'estimation du mouvement sont proposes et compares aux methodes d'estimation de mouvement par treillis actif.
Histiocitoma fibroso maligno de órbita: a propósito de 3 casos (2010)

espanolLos histiocitomas fibrosos son un grupo diverso de tumores clasificados histologicamente como benignos, localmente agresivos y malignos. Pueden localizarse en cualquier parte del organismo pero parecen tener cierta predileccion por el area periorbitaria. Forman el 1% de todas las masas oculares y es el tumor primario mesenquimal mas frecuente en la orbita. Los signos y sintomas oculares asociados incluyen disminucion de la agudeza visual, proptosis, diplopia, dolor, y edema de papila. El estudio histologico minucioso es necesario para el diagnostico ya que estos tumores pueden mostrar distintas morfologias. El diagnostico diferencial incluye masas orbitarias con caracteristicas radiologicas e histologicas similares. Palabras clave: Caso clinicopatologico catalaEls histiocitomes fibrosos son un grup divers de tumors classificats histologicament com a benignes, localment agressius i malignes. Poden localitzar-se en qualsevol part de l’organisme, pero semblen tenir certa predileccio per l’area periorbitaria. Formen el 1% de totes les masses oculars i es el tumor primari mesenquimal mes frequent en orbita. Els signes i simptomes oculars associats inclouen disminucio de l’agudesa visual, proptosi, diplopia, dolor i edema de papila. L’estudi histologic minucios es necessari pel diagnostic, ja que aquests tumors poden mostrar diferents morfologies. El diagnostic diferencial inclou masses orbitaries amb caracteristiques radiologiques i histologiques similars. EnglishFibrous histiocytomas are a diverse group of soft tissue tumors classified histiologically as benign, locally aggressive, and malignant. These tumors are found throughout the body, but seem to have an affinity for the periorbital area. They account for one percent of all ocular masses and are the most common primary mesenchymal tumor of the orbit. Associated ocular signs and symptoms include decreased visual acuity, proptosis, diplopia, pain, as well as disk edema. Careful histologic examination is necessary for diagnosis, since these tumors have a wide range of morphology. Differential diagnoses include orbital masses with similar radiologic or histologic findings.
Differential modulation of BMP signaling promotes the elaboration of cerebral cortical GABAergic neurons or oligodendrocytes from a common sonic hedgehog-responsive ventral forebrain progenitor species (2002)

During cerebral cortical development, excitatory glutamatergic projection neurons are generated from neural stem cells intrinsic to the early embryonic cortical ventricular zone by a process of radial migration, whereas most inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons and oligodendrocytes (OLs) appear to be elaborated from ventral forebrain stem cells that initially undergo tangential cortical migration before terminal lineage maturation. In contrast to the more compartmentalized developmental organization of the spinal cord, the generation of neurons and OLs from a common ventral forebrain stem cell would expose these cells to the sequential actions of ventral and dorsal gradient morphogens [sonic hedgehog (Shh) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)] that normally mediate opposing developmental programs. Here we report that Shh promotes GABAergic neuronalOL lineage restriction of forebrain stem cells, in part, by activation of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, Olig2 and Mash1. In mutant mice with a generalized defect in tangential cortical migration (Dlx12--), there is a profound and selective reduction in the elaboration of both cortical GABAergic neurons and OLs. Our studies further demonstrate that the sequential elaboration of cortical GABAergic neurons and OLs from common Shh-responsive ventral forebrain progenitors requires the spatial and temporal modulation of cortical BMP signaling by BMP ligands and the BMP antagonist, noggin, respectively. These findings suggest an integrative model for cerebral cortical GABAergic neuronal and OL lineage maturation that would incorporate the sequential contributions of the ventral and dorsal forebrain, and the potential role of regional developmental cues in modulating transcriptional codes within evolving neural lineage species.
A novel Ka-band folded dual-mode band-pass filter with LTCC technology (2012)

A Ka-band compact dual-mode band-pass filter is presented in this paper based on two square-loop dual-mode resonator using multilayer low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technique. A new design about single dual-mode filter using LTCC technology is presented, which use coupling between layers technology instead of the parallel coupling technology, reflecting the integration advantages of LTCC technology. A four order square-loop dual-mode band-pass filter is folded by inserting a vertical via hole in the metal layer, which is used for the circuit size reduction with its area about a half of the conventional fourth order dual-mode plane microstrip band-pass filter. The simulation results show that insertion loss and return loss better than 0.5 dB and 16dB, in the pass-band of 33.634.7GHz.
Histology for Pathologists (1992)

Bone marrow, S.N.Wickramasinghe adipose tissue, John J. Brooks and Patricia M.Perosio bone, A. Marion Gurley and Sanford I.Roth skeletal muscle, R Reid Heffner Jr myofibroblast, Walte Schurch et al central nervous system, Gregory N. Fuller and Peter C. Burger peripheral nervous system, Carlos Ortis Hidalgo and Roy O'weller blood vessels, Patrick J.Gallagher normal heart, Margaret E. Billingham reactive lymph nodes, Paul van der Valk and Chris J.L.M. Meijer spleen, J.H.J.M. van Kricken and J.te Velde thymus, Saul Suster and Juan Rosai pituitary and sellar region, P.J. Pernicone et al thyroid, Virginia A. LiVolsi parathyroid glands, Graziella M. Abu Jawdeh and Sanford I.Roth adrenal gland, J.Aidan Carney neuroendocrine system, Ronald A. DeLellis and Yogeshwar Dayal paraganglia, Arthur S. Tischler noral skin, Carlos Urmacher nail, Julian Sanchez Conejo-Mir periodontiu, Minor salivary glands and maxillary sinus, Kenneth D. McClatchey larynx and pharynx, Robert E. Fechner major salivary glands, Fernando Martinez Madrigal and Christian Micheau lungs, Thomas V. Colby and Samuel A. Yousem serous membranes, Darryl Carter et al esophagus, Franco G. DeNardi and Robert H. Riddell stomach, David A. Owen small intestine, Glenn H.Segal and Robert E. Petras colon, Douglas S. Levine and Rodger C. Haggitt vermiform appendix, H. Glenn et al anal canal, Claus Fenger liver, N. Swan et al gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary system, Henry F. Frierson Jr pancreas, James E Oertel et al pediatric kidney, J. Bruce Beckwith adult kidney, urinary bladder and ureter, Victor E. Reuter penis, Jose Barreto et al testis and excretory duct system, Thomas D.Trainer prostate, John E. McNeal ovary, Philip B. Clement uterus, cervix and fallopian tube, Michael R Hendrickson and Richard Kempson placenta, Steven H. Lewis and Kurt Benirschke vulva, Edward J. Wilkinson and Nancy Hardt vagina, Stanley J. Robboy et al breast, Kenneth S. McCarty, Jr and J. Allen Tucker normal eye and ocular adnexa, Mark W. Scroggs and Gordon K. Klintworth ear, Leslie Michaels.
Glutaraldehyde purity and stability: implications for preparation, storage, and use as a pulpotomy agent. (1984)

Glutaraldehyde can be prepared and stored for use as a pulpotomy agent in a variety of ways. This study was designed to determine the most effective and practical procedures in the clinical setting. The purity and efficacy of several glutaraldehyde solutions were analyzed before and after six months of storage. Commercial glutaraldehyde (25%) contained considerable organic impurities, but solutions prepared from it proved more effective at fixing protein than the solutions prepared from pure glutaraldehyde. Comparison of refrigerated and room temperature storage of dilute buffered and unbuffered solutions demonstrated that the buffered, unrefrigerated preparations developed organic impurities, some of which were different chromatographically from those seen in stock solution. In addition, fixation of pulp protein by the aged buffered preparations was diminished, as determined by measurements of residual enzyme activity. The results suggest that while some of the impurities in stock glutaraldehyde solutions are polymers which enhance fixation, some that appear in buffered solutions stored at room temperature are converted species which have lost their cross-linking properties.
Real-time speech motion synthesis from recorded motions (2004)

Data-driven approaches have been successfully used for realistic visual speech synthesis. However, little effort has been devoted to real-time lip-synching for interactive applications. In particular, algorithms that are based on a graph of motions are notorious for their exponential complexity. In this paper, we present a greedy graph search algorithm that yields vastly superior performance and allows real-time motion synthesis from a large database of motions. The time complexity of the algorithm is linear with respect to the size of an input utterance. In our experiments, the synthesis time for an input sentence of average length is under a second.
Making a difference for disabled children in Malawi (2019)

Discover how a team from the School of Education at the University of Birmingham worked with early years settings in Malawi to develop inclusive practice and give children with disabilities independence.
Two-dimensional spatial light modulators: a tutorial (1990)

Two-dimensional spatial light modulators (SLMs) modulate one of the properties of an optical wavefront (amplitude, phase, polarization) as a function of two spatial dimensions and time in response to information-bearing control signals that may be either optical or electrical. These devices form a critical part of optical information processing systems, serving as input transducers as well as performing several basic processing operations on optical wavefronts. A tutorial overview of the 2-D SLMs is given. their applications are outlined, a classification scheme for them is given, and major types of SLMs that are under active development are described.
Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during adenosine–induced hypotension in patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery (1989)

The effects of adenosine-induced hypotension on cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), and cerebral lactate production, together with systemic haemodynamics, were studied in 10 patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery in neurolept anaesthesia with controlled hyperventilation. CBF changes were determined in six of the patients with a retrograde thermodilution technique in the jugular vein. Hypotension was induced with a continuous infusion of adenosine in the superior vena cava. The dose range was 0.06-0.35 mg/kg/min, and this caused a 42% reduction in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) from 79 +/- 4 to 46 +/- 1 mmHg (10.5 +/- 0.5 to 6.1 +/- 0.1 kPa) through a profound reduction in systemic vascular resistance (SVR), which amounted to 61%. No significant change occurred in CBF. Whole body AV-difference of oxygen was decreased by 37%, and cerebral AV-difference by 28%, corresponding to reductions in whole body oxygen uptake and CMRO2 of 16 and 17%, respectively. Cerebral AV-difference of lactate did not change. In the posthypotensive period MABP was increased by 10%, together with a minor increase in CBF (15%). It is concluded, that adenosine-induced hypotension at MABP levels between 40-50 mmHg (5.3-6.7 kPa) does not affect cerebral oxygenation unfavourably, and may even offer a protective effect by reducing cerebral oxygen demand. The slight CBF increase in the posthypotensive period was probably secondary to an increase in MABP together with a blunted autoregulation, but in no case was this effect considered to be harmful for the patient.
Ethoxylation of fatty amines (1969)

Abstract It is well known that long chain alcohols and phenols cannot react with ethylene oxide in the absence of catalysts, whereas primary fatty amines can take up at least two moles of oxide to form tertiary amines. It has been found that further ethoxylation of this two mole adduct in the absence of added catalyst can proceed only if ethoxylation temperatures are lowered considerably. The present paper demonstrates that this low‐temperature ethoxylation is really catalyzed by a previously overlooked highly alkaline compound generated during the course of the reaction. It is shown that this is a long‐chain quaternary ammonium compound, and the mechanism of its formation is described. As the addition of ethylene oxide proceeds, this quaternary gradually decomposes and the reaction essentially comes to a halt when it has all disappeared.