gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High efficiency sequentially vapor grown n-i-p CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite solar cells with undoped P3HT as p-type heterojunction layer (2015)

Photovoltaic devices with perovskite materials as light absorbing material were fabricated through sequential vapor deposition of lead iodide and methylammonium iodide with undoped poly3hexylthiophene (P3HT) as a hole transporting layer. The sequential vapor deposition process produced films and devices with the large grains and low defect densities, very small values of dark current, and high open circuit voltages. The thickness of the P3HT layer was a critical parameter for achieving high solar conversion efficiencies of 13.7%. The vapor deposition process also produced devices with a tight distribution of performance characteristics and very high open circuit voltages (0.99 V).
de Acceleration of Charged Particles by an Electrostatic Wave Propagating Obliquely to a Magnetic Field (1984)

A charged particle trapped in an electrostatic wave is accelerated in the plane perpendicular to the wave vector $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}$. It is found that there is an optimum angle $\ensuremath{\theta}={\ensuremath{\theta}}_{m}$ at which the particle gains a maximum energy which is about four times larger than that at $\ensuremath{\theta}=\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{2}$, $\ensuremath{\theta}$ being the angle between $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}$ and the magnetic field.
Reactively ion etched nonuniform-depth grating for advanced DFB lasers (2002)

An ethane (C/sub 2/H/sub 2/) reactive ion etching (RIE) technique that offers smooth-etched morphology, high controllability of depth, and anisotropic geometries for forming a nonuniform-depth grating on an InP substrate is discussed. The fabrication of a lambda /4-shifted multiple quantum well (MQW) distributed feedback (DFB) laser with a 900 mu m cavity and a nonuniform-depth grating is described. It is shown that the larger threshold gain difference predicted by theory is obtained despite strong hole-burning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Selective and Efficient Method for the Deprotection of N-Benzyloxymethyl (BOM) Protecting Groups from Pyrimidine and Dihydropyrimidine Ring Systems (1988)

Abstract N1,N3-dibenzyloxymethyl derivatives of pyrimidines and dihydropyrimidines have been successfully deprotected by using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). These N-BOM derivatives can be selectively removed from a variety of derivatives including nucleosides and compounds which are sensitive to base and reducing conditions.
Studies on Anti-inflammatory Agents. VI. Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 2,3-Diarylthiophenes. (1998)

A series of novel 5-substituted-2,3-diarylthiophenes has been synthesized and found to be active in the rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) model and/or in the yeast-induced hyperalgesia (Randall-Selitto) assay. Among the compounds synthesized herein, 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)thiop hene (6a) exhibited the most potent activities on AA, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to type II collagen. 5-Bromo-2-[4-(methylamino)phenyl]-3-[4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl]thiophene (38) is also a potent inhibitor of AA, CIA, hyperalgesia and in vitro tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
A new self-aligned source/drain diffusion technology from selectively oxidized poly-silicon (1979)

A novel self-aligned source/drain diffusion technology suitable for high density n-channel MOS LSI's is proposed. Gate regions and source/drain junctions are formed simultaneously by the selective oxidation of a phosphorous doped poly-silicon layer. A short channel device with a flat surface and self-aligned contact openings is realized based on this technology. Utilizing these advantages, a microcomputer CPU chip is successfully fabricated.
X-ray imaging detectors for synchrotron and XFEL sources (2015)

Current trends for X-ray imaging detectors based on hybrid and monolithic detector technologies are reviewed. Hybrid detectors with photon-counting pixels have proven to be very powerful tools at synchrotrons. Recent developments continue to improve their performance, especially for higher spatial resolution at higher count rates with higher frame rates. Recent developments for X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) experiments provide high-frame-rate integrating detectors with both high sensitivity and high peak signal. Similar performance improvements are sought in monolithic detectors. The monolithic approach also offers a lower noise floor, which is required for the detection of soft X-ray photons. The link between technology development and detector performance is described briefly in the context of potential future capabilities for X-ray imaging detectors.
Diffusion in Nanocrystalline Metals and Alloys—A Status Report (2003)

Abstract Diffusion is a key property determining the suitability of nanocrystalline materials for use in numerous applications, and it is crucial to the assessment of the extent to which the interfaces in nanocrystalline samples differ from conventional grain boundaries. The present article offers an overview of diffusion in nanocrystalline metals and alloys. Emphasis is placed on the interfacial characteristics that affect diffusion in nanocrystalline materials, such as structural relaxation, grain growth, porosity, and the specific type of interface. In addition, the influence of intergranular amorphous phases and intergranular melting on diffusion is addressed, and the atomistic simulation of GB structures and diffusion is briefly summarized. On the basis of the available diffusion data, the diffusion‐mediated processes of deformation and induced magnetic anisotropy are discussed.
An Adaptive Delta Modulator with Overshoot Suppression for Video Signals (1973)

An adaptive delta modulator for television signals has been implemented in which the step magnitude depends on the four most recent sign bits. Overshoot limits the largest step size that can be used: to overcome this limitation an overshoot suppression scheme has been devised, considerably improving picture quality. An adaptive 2-bit differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) system is also described.
Revisiting detection thresholds for redirected walking (2016)

Redirected walking enables the exploration of large virtual environments while requiring only a finite amount of physical space. Unfortunately, in living room sized tracked areas the effectiveness of common redirection algorithms such as Steer-to-Center is very limited. A potential solution is to increase redirection effectiveness by applying two types of perceptual manipulations (curvature and translation gains) simultaneously. This paper investigates how such combination may affect detection thresholds for curvature gain. To this end we analyze the estimation methodology and discuss selection process for a suitable estimation method. We then compare curvature detection thresholds obtained under different levels of translation gain using two different estimation methods: method of constant stimuli and Green's maximum likelihood procedure. The data from both experiments shows no evidence that curvature gain detection thresholds were affected by the presence of translation gain (with test levels spanning previously estimated interval of undetectable translation gain levels). This suggests that in practice currently used levels of translation and curvature gains can be safely applied simultaneously. Furthermore, we present some evidence that curvature detection thresholds may be lower that previously reported. Our estimates indicate that users can be redirected on a circular arc with radius of either 11.6m or 6.4m depending on the estimation method vs. the previously reported value of 22m. These results highlight that the detection threshold estimates vary significantly with the estimation method and suggest the need for further studies to define efficient and reliable estimation methodology.
The role of transforming growth factor β in glaucoma and the therapeutic implications (2013)

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy frequently associated with elevated intraocular pressure, ocular vascular changes and extracellular matrix remodelling at the optic nerve head and in the trabecular meshwork. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and complex, but many recent studies have suggested that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a major role in the process. Significantly elevated levels of TGF-β have been identified in the anterior chamber of glaucomatous eyes. TGF-β has also been shown to directly cause increased intraocular pressure. It is believed that this occurs through complex interaction with the trabecular meshwork, leading to decreased aqueous humour outflow. These processes occur through specific interactions with various proteins and signalling molecules also present in ocular tissues. By understanding the role that TGF-β plays in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, alternative therapeutic agents can be developed, which target these pathways and improve and assist in the management of disease. This review will cover previous investigative studies and discuss the current understanding of TGF-β's role in glaucoma and how it may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
INTERNAL FREQUENCY MODULATION OF GaAs JUNCTION LASERS BY CHANGING THE INDEX OF REFRACTION THROUGH ELECTRON INJECTION (1964)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation G. E. Fenner; INTERNAL FREQUENCY MODULATION OF GaAs JUNCTION LASERS BY CHANGING THE INDEX OF REFRACTION THROUGH ELECTRON INJECTION. Appl. Phys. Lett. 15 November 1964; 5 (10): 198–199. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1723586 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
DNA replication licensing and cell cycle kinetics of normal and neoplastic breast (2005)

Mcm2-7 (MCM) proteins are part of the origin licensing machinery that regulates initiation of DNA replication. Geminin is a licensing repressor and prevents reinitiation of DNA replication during S-G2-M phase by blocking reloading of Mcm2-7 at replication origins. Here, we have analysed these replication licensing factors (RLFs) to determine whether the pathway becomes deregulated during mammary carcinogenesis, and have assessed their potential value as prognostic markers. Protein expression profiles were generated for Ki67, Mcm2, geminin, HER-2, ER and PR in a series of reduction mammoplasty (n=18) and breast cancer specimens (n=120), and compared to clinicopathological parameters. A large proportion of epithelial cells of the terminal duct lobular unit reside in a primed 'replication licensed' but not proliferating state. This state is characterised by Mcm2 expression and absence of Ki67 and the S/G2/M marker geminin. In breast cancers, increasing tumour grade is associated with increased Ki67, Mcm2 and geminin expression. The Mcm2/Ki67 ratio decreases through the grades, indicating a shift from a predominantly licensed state to an actively proliferating state. This shift is associated with an increase in the geminin/Ki67 ratio, signifying a shortening of G1 phase in breast cancer cells. Ki67, Mcm2 and the Mcm2/Ki67 ratio are statistically significantly associated with the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), but geminin and the geminin/Ki67 ratio are not. Ki67, Mcm2 and Mcm2/Ki67 are highly correlated with one another, with Mcm2 being the single most important predictor of NPI score (P<0.001). However, only 12% of variation in NPI is explained by Mcm2, as the labelling index for this marker is approaching 100% for many of the high-grade tumours. The origin licensing phenotypes of normal breast and breast cancers therefore relate to their cellular differentiation status, and high-level MCM expression in more poorly differentiated tumours severely constrains their use as prognostic markers in breast cancer.
Inhibition of Cholera-Toxin-Stimulated Intestinal Secretion by CGS 9343B in Rats (1989)

In this study, the effect of CGS 9343B on cholera-toxin-stimulated intestinal secretion in rats was determined using in vivo isolated loops. This recently developed compound is a potent and specific inhibitor of calmodulin, but not of protein kinase C. At a luminal dose of 15 mg/kg, CGS 9343B has little effect on basal intestinal absorption but completely inhibited the secretory effects of cholera toxin. The less specific calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, has a similar antisecretory effect, but unlike with CGS 9343B, severe toxicity was noted at luminal doses of 7.5 mg/kg. In animals where two intestinal loops were created, one with cholera toxin alone and the other with CGS 9343B and cholera toxin, significant inhibition of secretion was observed in both loops, consistent with a systemic effect of this compound. Finally, both CGS 9343B and trifluoperazine inhibited choleratoxin stimulated increases in mucosal cyclic AMP content, whereas basal levels were unaffected. We conclude that CGS 9343B significantly inhibits choleratoxin-stimulated intestinal secretions, possibly by inhibition of calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase activity. Its lack of major toxicity at therapeutic doses makes this compound potentially useful for the treatment of enterotoxigenic diarrheal diseases.
Sultriecin, a new antifungal and antitumor antibiotic from Streptomyces roseiscleroticus. Production, isolation, structure and biological activity. (1992)

Streptomyces roseiscleroticus L827-7 (ATCC 53903) produced a novel antifungal and antitumor antibiotic, sultriecin. It exhibited in vitro antifungal activity and potent in vivo antitumor activity against P388 and L1210 leukemias, and B16 melanoma. Sultriecin is composed of several unique structural units; a conjugated triene, an alpha,beta-unsaturated delta-lactone, and a sulfate functionality.
Differential detection scheme for DPSK using phase sequence estimation (1994)

Abstract Recently, the differential detection scheme has attracted considerable attention as a demodulated scheme for digital mobile communications because of its robustness in the frequency nonselective fading channel. A problem of the differential detection scheme is that its bit error rate (BER) performance in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is inferior to that of the coherent detection scheme. To solve this problem, many methods to improve BER performance of the differential detection in the AWGN channel have been proposed. However, those methods require complex signal processings. This paper proposes a novel differential detection scheme as a simpler improvement method which estimates the differential phase of the transmitted signal by a sequence estimation scheme using the Viterbi algorithm. The proposed scheme is simplified in a manner such that its signal processing is composed of only additions and subtractions on the phase information of the received signal. Results of computer simulation show that BER performance of the proposed scheme is close to that of the ideal coherent detection in the AWGN channel. In addition, the trellis diagram of the Viterbi algorithm can be reduced without performance degradation introducing the signal processing similar to the Scarece State Transition (SST) type Viterbi decoding. The proposed scheme also is useful in the case of the fast Rician fading channel and the slow Rayleigh fading channel.
A Versatile Machine for Logging Australian Native Hardwood Forests (1970)

SUMMARY The author discusses the composition of the Australian hardwood logging industry, the constraints within which it works, current techniques and a method by which costs of snigging and loading may be reduced and production rates improved without altering the structure of the industry.
Identification of an anti-inflammatory protein from <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i> , a commensal bacterium deficient in Crohn’s disease (2015)

A 15 kDa protein with anti-inflammatory properties is produced by F. prausnitzii, a commensal bacterium involved in CD pathogenesis. This protein is able to inhibit the NF-κB pathway in intestinal epithelial cells and to prevent colitis in an animal model.
Optimization of Hammerhead Flanking Sequences Using Oligonucleotide Facilitators (2003)

The ability to catalyze selected chemical reactions could be of great theoretical and practical value. Uhlenbeck first demonstrated a general method to design catalysts that could distinguish the intended substrates from other, very similar molecules (1). The reaction catalyzed was phosphodrester exchange within the backbone of an RNA that led to chain cleavage at the site of reaction. Activity was achieved by generating the “hammerhead” structural motif found in certain self-cleaving RNA molecules (2), and selectivity resulted from appropriate Watson-Crick base pairing between the catalyst and its substrate.
High performance optical transmitter for next generation supercomputing and data communication (2013)

High speed optical interconnects consuming low power at affordable prices are always a major area of research focus. For the backbone network infrastructure, the need for more bandwidth driven by streaming video and other data intensive applications such as cloud computing has been steadily pushing the link speed to the 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s domain. However, high power consumption, low link density and high cost seriously prevent traditional optical transceiver from being the next generation of optical link technology. For short reach communications, such as interconnects in supercomputers, the issues related to the existing electrical links become a major bottleneck for the next generation of High Performance Computing (HPC). Both applications are seeking for an innovative solution of optical links to tackle those current issues. In order to target the next generation of supercomputers and data communication, we propose to develop a high performance optical transmitter by utilizing CISCO Systems®'s proprietary CMOS photonic technology. The research seeks to achieve the following outcomes: 1. Reduction of power consumption due to optical interconnects to less than 5pJ/bit without the need for Ring Resonators or DWDM and less than 300 fJ/bit for short distance data bus applications. 2. Enable the increase in performance (computing speed) from Peta-Flop to Exa-Flops without the proportional increase in cost or power consumption that would be prohibitive to next generation system architectures by means of increasing the maximum data transmission rate over a single fiber. 3. Explore advanced modulation schemes such as PAM-16 (Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation with 16 levels) to increase the spectrum efficiency while keeping the same or less power figure. This research will focus on the improvement of both the electrical IC and optical IC for the optical transmitter. An accurate circuit model of the optical device is created to speed up the performance optimization and enable co-simulation of electrical driver. Circuit architectures are chosen to minimize the power consumption without sacrificing the speed and noise immunity. As a result, a silicon photonic based optical transmitter employing 1V supply, featuring 20Gb/s data rate is fabricated. The system consists of an electrical driver in 40nm CMOS and an optical MZI modulator with an RF length of less than 0.5mm in 0.13μ m SOI CMOS. Two modulation schemes are successfully demonstrated: On-Off Keying (OOK) and Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation-N (PAM-N N=4, 16). Both versions demonstrate signal integrity, interface density, and scalability that fit into the next generation data communication and exa-scale computing. Modulation power at 20Gb/s data rate for OOK and PAM-16 of 4pJ/bit and 0.25pJ/bit are achieved for the first time of an MZI type optical modulator, respectively.
Comparison of fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometric DNA ploidy analysis in paraffin-embedded prostatic adenocarcinoma specimens. (1995)

Cancer cell nuclei extracted from 15 paraffin-embedded radical prostatectomy specimens were examined with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and flow cytometry (FCM) for DNA ploidy. Repetitive chromosome-specific alpha-satellite DNA probes to centromeres 7 and 10 were used in the FISH assay. Results from FISH and FCM were compared and viewed in relation to clinical experience. Of the 15 tumors examined, 9 were hyperdiploid for at least one chromosome by FISH assay. Seven were aneuploid by FCM, showing a good correlation between the two methods (P = .006). Using either evidence of clinical progression or a postoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level > 0.5 ng/mL by Hybritech assay to indicate the risk of clinical progression, 56% of FISH hyperdiploid tumors had a risk of progression of carcinoma versus 17% of FISH diploid tumors. A preoperative PSA level > 30 ng/mL had a marginal correlation with risk of progression (P = .05). We demonstrate that FISH is a useful tool for chromosomal analysis in paraffin-embedded tumor specimens.
Outcome prediction values of soluble human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 extracellular domain in metastatic breast cancer. (2014)

Overall, our results support the clinical utility of measuring serum HER2 ECD levels in patients with advanced breast cancer. Baseline and serial measurements of serum ECD levels are reliably predictive of clinical outcome of breast cancer patients.
Tests for Association of Gene Frequencies at Several Loci in Random Mating Diploid Populations (1975)

Methods are outlined for analyzing data on genotype frequencies at several codominant loci in random mating diploid populations. Maximum likelihood (ML) methods are given for estimating chromosomal frequencies. Using these, a succession of models of assumed independence of gene frequency are fitted. These are based on those used in multi-dimensional contigency tables, and tests for association (linkage disequilibrium), made using likelihood ratios. The methods are illustrated with an example.
Band-pass filtering in holographic data storage (2005)

We propose a new recording method in which essential Fourier spectrum components for recovering digital data are abstracted. This method can reduce the noise of reconstructed data and the wasted dynamic range of media.
Autocrine abscisic acid plays a key role in quartz‐induced macrophage activation (2011)

Inhalation of quartz induces silicosis, a lung disease where alveolar macrophages release inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandin-E(2) (PGE(2)) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Here we report the pivotal role of abscisic acid (ABA), a recently discovered human inflammatory hormone, in silica-induced activation of murine RAW264.7 macrophages and of rat alveolar macrophages (AMs). Stimulation of both RAW264.7 cells and AMs with quartz induced a significant increase of ABA release (5- and 10-fold, respectively), compared to untreated cells. In RAW264.7 cells, autocrine ABA released after quartz stimulation sequentially activates the plasma membrane receptor LANCL2 and NADPH oxidase, generating a Ca(2+) influx resulting in NFκ B nuclear translocation and PGE(2) and TNF-α release (3-, 2-, and 3.5-fold increase, respectively, compared to control, unstimulated cells). Quartz-stimulated RAW264.7 cells silenced for LANCL2 or preincubated with a monoclonal antibody against ABA show an almost complete inhibition of NFκ B nuclear translocation and PGE(2) and TNF-α release compared to controls electroporated with a scramble oligonucleotide or preincubated with an unrelated antibody. AMs showed similar early and late ABA-induced responses as RAW264.7 cells. These findings identify ABA and LANCL2 as key mediators in quartz-induced inflammation, providing possible new targets for antisilicotic therapy.