gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitope mapping of human immunoglobulin-specific murine monoclonal antibodies with domain-switched, deleted and point-mutated chimeric antibodies (1993)

27 engineered chimeric antibodies possessing human gamma, epsilon, mu or alpha constant regions and V region specificity for nitrophenyl or dansyl were used to study the isotype specificity of 29 murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for human immunoglobulins (IgG1-4, IgE, IgM, IgA or secretory piece). The isotype-restricted immunoreactivity observed with wild-type chimeric antibodies paralleled the pattern of each MAb's reactivity with purified human myeloma proteins. 16 mutant IgG anti-dansyl chimeric antibodies with genetically engineered domain switches, deletions or point-mutations were used as antigens to further characterize the epitopes recognized by the human IgG subclass-specific MAbs. The binding of three human IgG1-specific MAbs (HP6069, HP6070 and HP6091) was mapped to similar epitopes on the CH2 domain of human IgG1. Of the two anti-human IgG2 MAbs tested, HP6002 reacted with the CH2 of IgG2 while HP6014 bound to the CH1 domain. Both anti-human IgG3 MAbs (HP6047, HP6050) reacted with different regions of the IgG3 hinge. The anti-human IgG4 MAbs (HP6023, HP6025) bound to a similar epitope on the carboxyl terminus of CH2 or the CH3 of human IgG4. The three exclusion antibodies (HP6019, HP6030 and HP6058) bound to different epitopes in the CH2 domain of three of four IgG subclasses. The domain mapping was confirmed by competitive inhibition experiments. These results were used to select a group of IgG-reactive MAbs for construction of a poly-monoclonal anti-IgG capture and detection reagent that uniformly bound all four subclasses of human IgG. This study provides support for the use of engineered chimeric human chimeric antibodies as replacements for increasingly rare, purified human paraproteins in the specificity analysis of immunochemical reagents used in clinical and research laboratories for the detection and quantitation of human antibodies. Moreover, these studies demonstrate how the MAbs can serve as effective probes for examining conformational differences among the four human IgG subclasses.
The Mystical Effects of Dermatological Vehicles (2005)

Topical treatment of the skin is as old as the evolution of man. Instinctively, we try to treat a skin injury or irritation with cooling or soothing substances. Even animals lick their wounds, trusting instinctively in the healing power of saliva. When did this archaic pattern of treatment take the gigantic leap from folk medicine to modern drug therapy? This text illustrates the evolution of topical dermatological vehicles, their application (guidelines) and future use. In particular, a phenomenon that has so far been ignored in product development and clinical testing is the vehicle metamorphosis. In clinical and experimental situations, most dermatological vehicles undergo considerable changes after they have been removed from the primary container and are applied to the skin. Subsequently, the initial structural matrix, and the quantitative composition of the vehicle, will most likely change during and after the mechanical shear associated with application of the product and/or evaporation of ingredients. This natural, but highly dynamic process will generate mini-environments for the active moiety that are difficult to predict and that are crucial to the fate of the active moiety. Despite the reasonable wishes of formulators, clinicians, patients and customers, there are still no universal vehicles. Each drug, at each concentration, requires a different vehicle for optimized therapy. Stability and compatibility of excipients and active moiety are crucial for any commercially available pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulation, together with local and systemic safety of all components. Nonetheless, more diverse and molecularly complex classes of new dermatological vehicles are continuously being researched and refined. The scientific progress has been remarkable when one considers the simple emulsion mixtures that were commonplace in dermatological therapy and still persist to this day in commercial products. It is to be hoped that the result of these research endeavors will be the emergence of more innovative topical formulations, applying engineered bioavailability control systems, with broader applications in topical therapeutic and cosmetic vehicles.
Lissajous Electron Plasma (LEP) Generation for Dry Etching (1992)

A new concept for plasma generation which enhances plasma density at low pressures through the use of a high-frequency rotating electric field is introduced. A 50-MHz electric power was applied to three electrodes which are positioned with a triangular symmetry. A phase shift of 120° between the electrodes brought about uniform and high plasma density at a pressure of 1 Pa. The nonuniformity of Ar gas plasma generated was within 10% over a 6” wafer using a tuned Langmuir probe electron density measurement. Polysilicon etchings were made by both SF 6 /O 2 and Cl 2 /O 2 plasmas. The achieved polysilicon etch-rate was over 200 nm/min for both kinds of plasmas at an electric power of 90 W along with a 13.56 MHz RF bias power of 30 W applied to the substrate. High etch-rate selectivity between polysilicon and oxide of 45 for SF 6 /O 2 and 152 for Cl 2 /O 2 was realized. A very low etch-rate nonuniformity of 1.5% was attained for Cl 2 /O 2 .
An algebra for probabilistic databases (1994)

An algebra is presented for a simple probabilistic data model that may be regarded as an extension of the standard relational model. The probabilistic algebra is developed in such a way that (restricted to /spl alpha/-acyclic database schemes) the relational algebra is a homomorphic image of it. Strictly probabilistic results are emphasized. Variations on the basic probabilistic data model are discussed. The algebra is used to explicate a commonly used statistical smoothing procedure and is shown to be potentially very useful for decision support with uncertain information.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent advances in the monitoring and management of diabetic ketoacidosis (2004)

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is still a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in diabetes. The triad of hyperglycaemia, ketosis and acidosis can be diagnosed within a few minutes of the patient presenting, by measuring blood glucose and ketones using a meter, and venous blood pH on a blood gas analyser. Quantifying ketosis allows accurate distinction between simple hyperglycaemia and metabolic decompensation. We review the management of DKA, and the emerging role of near-patient testing in diagnosing ketosis and monitoring its resolution.
Synthetically Tailored Excited States: Phosphorescent, Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes and Their Applications (2006)

Phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes are being widely explored for their utility in diverse photophysical applications. The performance of these materials in such roles depends heavily on their excited-state properties, which can be tuned through ligand and substituent effects. This concept article focuses on methods for synthetically tailoring the properties of bis-cyclometalated iridium(III) materials, and explores the factors governing the nature of their lowest excited state.
Osteogenic response of human mesenchymal stem cells to well-defined nanoscale topography in vitro (2014)

Our studies demonstrate that colloidal lithography, in combination with coating technologies, can be exploited to investigate the cell response to well defined nanoscale topography and to develop next-generation surfaces that guide tissue regeneration and promote implant integration.
Thermal Oxidation Kinetics and Mechanism of Sludge from a Wastewater Treatment Plant (2001)

The organic fraction of a sludge from a wastewater biological treatment plant is characterized by the total organic carbon, TOC, content, cyclohexane and toluene extractions, and thermal desorptions in nitrogen and air flow at different temperatures. The inorganic fraction is characterized by water extraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersion X-ray analysis. The thermal degradation rate of organic carbon is studied in batch experiments in air, in the 250-500 degrees C temperature range. The sample TOC is used to measure the decrease of reagent concentration with time. The TOC vs time data are well fitted by a generalized kinetic model, previously proposed for the MSWIs fly ash thermal degradation. The rate constants of the immediate carbon gasification, k2, and of the dissociative oxygen chemisorption, k1, followed by C(O) intermediate gasification, k3, together with activation and thermodynamic parameters are calculated. The rate determining step is the C(O) oxidation. The influence of desorbed or extracted organic compounds on kinetics and the role of the C(O) formation in explaining the reaction mechanism as well as the comparison with fly ash kinetics are discussed.
The effects of the increasing number of the same chromophore on photosensitization of water-soluble cyclen-based europium complexes with potential for biological applications (2015)

Synthesis, full characterization and <italic>in vitro</italic> studies of five water-soluble cyclen-based europium complexes with various numbers of the same antenna.
Triple-Photon Energy Absorptiometry in the Measurement of Bone Mineral (1988)

The feasibility of determination of bone mineral content using a triple-photon absorptiometric technique is presented. Using three different photon energies it is possible to correct the measured 'bone mineral' value for fat and lean soft tissue. The theoretical basis of the method, as well as the experimental determination of mass attenuation coefficients, is described. It is shown that the results are reproducible within 5 per cent, which means that the method could be of value in the management of metabolic bone diseases.
Novel conjugates of single‐chain Fv antibody fragments specific for stem cell antigen CD123 mediate potent death of acute myeloid leukaemia cells (2010)

Four new single-chain Fv antibody fragments (scFvs) specific for the human leucocyte surface antigen CD123 (interleukin-3 receptor alpha) were generated to achieve preferential targeting of leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The scFvs were isolated from a phage display library generated with spleen RNA from mice, immunized with a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of CD123 and the Fc domain of a human immunoglobulin G1. The scFvs displayed CD123-specific binding on tumour cells (binding constants (K(D)) 4.5-101 nmol/l). The scFv with the highest affinity was used to design two cell death-inducing molecules. First, an immunotoxin, a fusion protein with truncated Pseudomonas Exotoxin A, induced potent apoptosis of AML-derived MOLM-13 and SKNO-1 cells at nanomolar concentrations. Second, the fusion to another scFv, specific for the low affinity Fcgamma-receptor III (CD16), created a bispecific single chain Fv (bsscFv). This bsscFv [123 x ds16] mediated potent lysis of AML-derived MOLM-13, THP-1 and SKNO-1 cells in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) reactions at picomolar concentrations. The recruitment of CD16-positive effector cells for the lysis of AML cells via CD123 represents a novel combination with attractive prospects for future clinical testing.
Functional analysis of the human recoverin gene promoter (2003)

This analysis suggests that there are cis-acting elements in the 5' non-coding region of the recoverin gene that are involved in the activation and suppression of gene expression.
Decentralized Authentication Mechanisms for Object-based Storage Devices (2005)

Network-attached object-based storage separates data-path from control-path and enables direct interaction between clients and the storage devices. Clients interact with the file manager only to acquire the meta-data information and some cryptographic primitives, for example, access keys. Most of the current schemes rely on a centralized file manager to support these activities. This paper presents security mechanisms for decentralized authentication for object-based storage. The schemes are novel in several ways. First of all, they reduce the load on the file manager and free the system from central point of failure and denial of service attacks. We exploit Role-based Access Control (RBAC) to provide scalability and design authentication schemes that efficiently utilize RBAC. In most of the cases, the client needs to acquire only one access key from the file manager, which can be used by the client to further derive role-keys for the roles that he/she is permitted to play within an organization. Further, the number of cryptographic keys required for the purpose of authentication in these schemes is less as compared to the existing schemes. Finally, we also present two simple schemes that enable the clients to access objects stored on any device on the network using a single identity key.
Mining causes of network events in log data with causal inference (2017)

Network log message (e.g., syslog) is valuable information to detect unexpected or anomalous behavior in a large scale network. However, pinpointing failures and their causes is not an easy problem because of a huge amount of system log data in daily operation. In this study, we propose a method extracting failures and their causes from network syslog data. The main idea of the method relies on causal inference that reconstructs causality of network events from a set of the time series of events. Causal inference allows us to reduce the number of correlated events by chance, thus it outputs more plausible causal events than a traditional cross-correlation based approach. We apply our method to 15 months network syslog data obtained in a nation-wide academic network in Japan. Our method significantly reduces the number of pseudo correlated events compared with the traditional method. Also, through two case studies and comparison with trouble ticket data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for network operation.
Highly reliable TaO<inf>x</inf> ReRAM with centralized filament for 28-nm embedded application (2015)

For 28-nm embedded application, we have proposed a TaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> -based ReRAM with precise filament positioning and high thermal stability. The cell was realized using several newly-developed process technologies and cell structures: low-damage etching, cell side oxidation and encapsulated cell structure. As a result, we succeeded for the first time in forming a filament at the cell center. In addition, we confirmed the feasibility of 20-nm cell size. Excellent reliability was achieved in 2-Mbit 40-nm ReRAM: 100k cycles and 10 years' retention at 85 °C was demonstrated.
Synthesis of Photolabile Caged Amino Acids for Measuring Amino Acid Transporters (1992)

Photolabile precursors (caged compounds) of amino acids such as Ala, Leu, Lys, and Ser were prepared by some simple reactions. These compounds were designed for the rapid, photochemically initiated release of amino acids. These amino acid transporters were expressed in Xenopus oocyte by injecting mRNA prepared from rat kidney. The electrical response of each transporter was examined by applying the amino acids and caged compounds before and after photolysis. Photolysis of the caged amino acids increased the electrical response of the facilitated amino acid transporters expressed in the oocyte. Consequently, these synthesized caged amino acids would be applicable to kinetic investigations on the transporters when combined with a pulsed laser or xenon arc flash lamp.
Two essential regions for tRNA recognition in Bacillus subtilis tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (2002)

Bacillus subtilis tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) is a homodimeric enzyme. A model for its ability to recognize tRNA(Trp) in B. subtilis was proposed by using computer modelling. This was based on the the fact that there is high homology among bacterial TrpRSs [Chen, Jiang, Jin and Wang (2001) Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sinica 33, 687-690], in which the enzyme dimer binds to two tRNA(Trp) molecules and each tRNA(Trp) is bound to two different domains across the surface of the dimer. In this work, three deletion mutants of TrpRS were constructed and their products were purified. After determining the kinetic parameters of the mutants in the two-step reaction, it was found that the relative activities of wild-type and mutant enzymes had changed little in the ATP-pyrophosphate exchange reaction. In contrast, the activities of three mutant proteins were much decreased in the tRNA(Trp) aminoacylation assay. Deletion of residues 108-122 and residues 234-238 caused 44% and 80% reductions in the activity, respectively. When both regions were deleted, the aminoacylation activity of the TrpRS mutant was too low to be determined using tRNA(Trp) at the limiting concentration. Gel-retardation assays showed that the acceptor minihelix and the anticodon microhelix were recognized by the domains of TrpRS spanning residues 108-122 and residues 234-238 respectively. In addition, the deletion of amino acids 234-238 affected the normal induced expression of TrpRS at 37 degrees C. In conclusion, residues 108-122 and 234-238 were found essential for tRNA(Trp) recognition.
Arabidopsis Map-Based Cloning in the Post-Genome Era (2002)

Map-based cloning is an iterative approach that identifies the underlying genetic cause of a mutant phenotype. The major strength of this approach is the ability to tap into a nearly unlimited resource of natural and induced genetic variation without prior assumptions or knowledge of specific genes. One begins with an interesting mutant and allows plant biology to reveal what gene or genes are involved. Three major advances in the past 2 years have made map-based cloning in Arabidopsis fairly routine: sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome, the availability of more than 50,000 markers in the Cereon Arabidopsis Polymorphism Collection, and improvements in the methods used for detecting DNA polymorphisms. Here, we describe the Cereon Collection and show how it can be used in a generic approach to mutation mapping in Arabidopsis. We present the map-based cloning of the VTC2 gene as a specific example of this approach.
Measuring computer system utilization with a hardware and a hybrid monitor (1973)

Computer system utilization is generally measured in terms of the utilization of individual system components and the overlap of activities of two or more system components. This type of data can be used to construct a system performance profile [BONN 69, COCI 71, SUM 70]. Utilization of a system component is obtained as the ratio (unit busy time)/(total elapsed time). If a particular unit performs more than one type of operation, the unit busy time may be further divided into portions corresponding to different activities and an activity profile can be constructed for each such unit. For a storage unit, information about utilization of different portions of storage might be desirable in addition to utilization of this unit as a whole. A space utilization profile Can be developed in this case. To cover both cases, the term unit utilization profile is used.
Dopamine D2-like Receptors Are Expressed in Pancreatic Beta Cells and Mediate Inhibition of Insulin Secretion (2005)

Dopamine signaling is mediated by five cloned receptors, grouped into D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3 and D4) families. We identified by reverse transcription-PCR the presence of dopamine receptors from both families in INS-1E insulin-secreting cells as well as in rodent and human isolated islets. D2 receptor expression was confirmed by immunodetection revealing localization on insulin secretory granules of INS-1E and primary rodent and human beta cells. We then tested potential effects mediated by the identified receptors on beta cell function. Dopamine (10 microM) and the D2-like receptor agonist quinpirole (5 microM) inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion tested in several models, i.e. INS-1E beta cells, fluorescence-activated cell-sorted primary rat beta cells, and pancreatic islets of rat, mouse, and human origin. Insulin exocytosis is controlled by metabolism coupled to cytosolic calcium changes. Measurements of glucose-induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization and ATP generation showed that dopamine and D2-like agonists did not inhibit glucose metabolism. On the other hand, dopamine decreased cell membrane depolarization as well as cytosolic calcium increases evoked by glucose stimulation in INS-1E beta cells. These results show for the first time that dopamine receptors are expressed in pancreatic beta cells. Dopamine inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, an effect that could be ascribed to D2-like receptors. Regarding the molecular mechanisms implicated in dopamine-mediated inhibition of insulin release, our results point to distal steps in metabolism-secretion coupling. Thus, the role played by dopamine in glucose homeostasis might involve dopamine receptors, expressed in pancreatic beta cells, modulating insulin release.
High‐level expression of naked DNA delivered to rat liver via tail vein injection (2002)

These results demonstrate that gene transfer into the liver via rapid tail vein injection can easily be achieved in the rat, which is more than 10 times larger than the mouse, and has significant value for gene function analysis in rats.
Three-dimensional localization method: Mi-nashi in multi-robot systems (2017)

In recent years, a considerable number of studies have been conducted on multi-robot systems. These systems consist of a number of autonomous robots, which must often localize their positions in order to complete a task. The aim of this paper is to present the simplest three-dimensional(3D) localization method in a multi-robot system through expansion of a two-dimensional(2D) localization method using estimated position information. Hence, we show that each robot, which is equipped with only a communication device having a certain communication range, can estimate its own 3D position relative to its swarm. Furthermore, we conducted repeated simulations varying the communication range and the total node number in order to analyze the characteristics of the proposed method. We found that the localization results exhibits a significant dependance on both of the two parameters; there is an optimal communication range, in which the localization is extremely precise, and the localization accuracy is proportional to the robot density in space.
INTRAGENIC RECOMBINATION IN MAIZE: POLLEN ANALYSIS METHODS AND THE EFFECT OF PARENTAL <i>Adh1</i> + ISOALLELES (1976)

The ability to stain mature pollen grains for the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity permits the quantitation of ADH( +) gametophytes at frequencies below 10(-6). This resolution allows reversion and genetic fine structure analyses. The rationale of pollen analysis follows Nelson's prototype studies with waxy. As with the waxy gene, revertant frequencies for seven Adh1-deficient ( Adh1(-)) alleles appear to be in excess of microbially derived expectations. Each of the seven Adh1(-) alleles were derived from one of three naturally occurring isoalleles. Based on Schwartz's protein level characterizations of the mutants' products, it was anticipated that the seven Adh1(-) alleles should recombine to yield ADH(+) cistrons in certain pairwise combinations. This expectation was not met. The parental "wild-type" isoalleles from which the mutants were derived appear to be structurally divergent. The discussion interprets these data in view of understanding naturally occurring cistronic variation.