gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of C<sub>60</sub>Fullerene on the Oxidative Degradation of a Free Radical Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (2003)

The results of studies of thermal and oxidative degradation of a free-radical poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the influence of a fullerene C60 on these processes are considered. The best characteristic of the change of the thermal stability is the temperature shift of the entire thermal gravimetric (TG) curve (or the middle part of it), but not the shift of onset or the starting temperature of the mass loss. During oxidative degradation in air of PMMA, three processes occur practically simultaneously: thermal degradation, or scission of chains; oxidation, or insertion of oxygen atoms in the polymer chains and in products of the degradation; and a sublimation of degradation products. The competition between exothermic and endothermic processes results in sharp changes in the balance of heat energy in the system and the sign of the total heat effect. In accord with these changes all of the process of PMMA oxidative degradation can conditionally be divided into three stages. The introducing of small quantities of C60 in a system results in replacement of oxygen by a fullerene or to a partial avoidance of oxidation, as a result of which, at the first stage, a smaller quantity of degradation products is formed and oxidized. There is a “transfer” of degradation products and heat generation from the first, lowest temperature stage, to the third, highest one. Simultaneous application of DSC and TG techniques has shown that during oxidative degradation of PMMA, especially in the presence of a fullerene, there is a latent degradation manifested in exothermal effects on DSC curves without mass losses on the TG curves. The introducing of C60 results in narrowing of the peaks (by ∼1.5 times) on DTG and MTA curves that may be explained by the narrowing of a set of possible degradation reactions. The C60 molecules are divided during oxidative degradation of PMMA into two groups: linked (∼20%) and nonlinked with macroradicals of PMMA. The nonlinked molecules of C60, in turn, are subdivided into oxidized and volatilizing without oxidation and degradation. The inhibiting effect of C60 on the thermal oxidative degradation reduces basically to two processes: to formation of fullerene-containing chains of PMMA and to nonchain inhibition. The matrix of PMMA also has a significant influence on the thermal behavior of C60.
Evolution in medical technology education (1969)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Ahead-of-Print Collections Editorials of Laura Weiss Roberts, MD, MAAM Last PageCOVID-19 and Medical EducationAddressing Race and Racism in Medical EducationeBooksView All For Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalAbout the AAMCJournal MastheadSubmit a ManuscriptAdvertising InformationSubscription ServicesReprints and Back IssuesClassified AdsRights and PermissionsFor ReviewersFor MediaFor Trainees All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Mechanical properties of thick, surface micromachined polysilicon films (2002)

Polycrystalline silicon is the most widely used structural material for surface micromachined microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). There are many advantages to using thick polysilicon films; however, due to process equipment limitations, these devices are typically fabricated from polysilicon films less than 3 /spl mu/m thick. In this work, microelectromechanical test structures were designed and processed from thick (up to 10 /spl mu/m) undoped and in situ boron-doped polysilicon films. The elastic moduli of the doped films were 150/spl plusmn/30 GPa, and appeared to be independent of film thickness. The thermal oxidation of the polysilicon induced a compressive stress into the top surface of the films, which was detected as a residual stress in the polysilicon after the device fabrication was complete. The average nominal fracture toughness of the polysilicon was 2.3/spl plusmn/0.1 MPa /spl radic/m.
Evaluation of tumor angiogenesis using dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: comparison of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor, hemodynamic, and pharmacokinetic parameters (2004)

The hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic analysis of MRI provides valuable information about angiogenesis of breast cancers.
Boron-Catalyzed Silylative Reduction of Quinolines: Selective sp<sup>3</sup> C–Si Bond Formation (2014)

A silylative reduction of quinolines to synthetically versatile tetrahydroquinoline molecules involving the formation of a C(sp(3))-Si bond exclusively β to nitrogen is described. Triarylborane is a highly efficient catalyst (up to 1000 turnovers), and silanes serve as both a silyl source and a reducing reagent. The present procedure is convenient to perform even on a large scale with excellent stereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies revealed that the formation of a 1,4-addition adduct is rate-limiting while the subsequent C(sp(3))-Si bond-forming step from the 1,4-adduct is facile.
Lipase-catalyzed regioselective acylation of sugar in microreactors (2012)

The highly regioselective synthesis of sugar 6-monoesters with sugar and vinyl carboxylate in a flow microreactor using Lipozyme TL IM from Thermomyces lanuginosus as a catalyst has been developed. The important features of this method include mild reaction conditions, short reaction times (30 min), high yields and high regioselectivities.
Age Estimation from B-mode Echocardiography with 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

Ekkokardiografi er en ikke-invasiv og sikker metode som bruker ultralyd for avbildning av hjertet. Som på mange andre felt utfører metoder for dyp læring, spesifikt \\textit{Convolutional neural networks} (CNNs), oppgaver som tidligere kun ble oppnådd av mennesker. I forhold til flere andre felt er det vanskelig å lære fra ekkokardiografi på grunn av mindre datasett, høyere støynivåer og kompleksiteten til det menneskelige hjerte. Metodikker for trening av CNNs i ekkokardiografi er derfor vanligvis basert på resultater fra andre felt der mer data er tilgjengelig. Effekten er at domenespesifikke metoder som kan forbedre CNN-ytelsen ikke er utforsket i detalj.\n\nAvhandlingen er delt i to deler. Først blir det brukt en metode for automatisk kvalitetssikring av 2D ekkokardiografi. Datakvaliteten måles for hver hjertesyklus ved bruk av CNNs trent for kvantifisering i ekkokardiografi. Kvalitetsmålene brukes til å forkaste data som anslås å ha dårlig kvalitet.\n\nModeller er opplært til å estimere alderen til mennesker i den vanlige befolkningen. Fordelen med dette er at alder er tilgjengelig for nesten alle ekkokardiografistudier, og virkningen av aldring i hjertet kan minne om flere hjertesykdommer. Dette betyr at metoder for aldersestimering kan evalueres på all tilgjengelige ekkokardiografidata, og at kunnskapen kan overføres til andre tilnærminger for automatisert kvantifisering og sykdomsdeteksjon. Hjertesykluser som passerer den automatiske kvalitetssikringen brukes til aldersestimering. Flere metoder blir forsøkt, inkludert pretraining, optical flow, egne inputkanaler med koordinater og trening med data fra forskjellige standardiserte probeposisjoner samtidig.\n\nTre datasett brukes, ett som inneholder over tusen pasienter fra en vanlig befolkning og to datasett som hver inneholder rundt to hundre pasienter med dysfunksjon i venstre ventrikkel og koronar hjertesykdom.\n\nVisuell inspeksjon antyder at utbredelsen av data med lav kvalitet er høyere blant den forkastede dataen, men objektiv evaluering er vanskelig på grunn av manglende fasit for datakvalitet.\nViktigere er det at standardiserte data blir generert som inneholder hjertesykluser av todimensjonal ekkokardiografi uten å kreve menneskelig inngrep.\nAldersestimeringsmetodikkene oppnår i beste fall en gjennomsnittlig absolutt feil på 4,7 år per pasient i den vanlige befolkningen. Til sammenligning oppnår lineær regresjon med flere kliniske mål en gjennomsnittlig absolutt feil på 7.2 år. Modellens nøyaktighet er avhengig av fordelingen av aldre i treningsdataen, noe som resulterer i dårligere ytelse for datasett hvor aldre er annerledes fordelt. En modell som bruker optical flow er mest konsistent på alle datasett.\nInspeksjon av den optical flow-modellen viser at fremtredende områder i syklusene er regioner som er kjent for å bli påvirket av aldring. Det er liten eller ingen observert forskjell mellom estimatene for friske og syke pasienter, noe som tyder på at lærte egenskaper ikke påvirkes av dysfunksjon i venstre ventrikkel og koronar hjertesykdom.
Invariant content-based image retrieval using a complete set of Fourier-Mellin descriptors (2003)

Image retrieval from a large database is an important and emerging search area. This retrieval requires the choice of a suitable set of image features, a method to extract them correctly, and a measure of the similarity between features that can be computed in real time. The paper presents a complete set of Fourier-Mellin descriptors for object storage and retrieval. Our approach is translation, rotation and scale invariant. Several retrieval examples in a large image database are presented.
Determining the Efficiency of Disposable Baby Diapers through Data Envelopment Analysis (2016)

Following the patent of the disposable diaper in the late 1940s, the popularity of the disposable diaper drastically increased. Various companies, including Johnson & Johnson and Proctor & Gamble, continuously compete with each other to create the “best” disposable diaper product. This project compares 12 of the most popular brands of disposable diapers to determine the efficiency of each diaper and what changes could be made to increase efficiency, when applicable.
Dark field acoustic microscopy (1980)

Dark field microscopy has proved a useful tool in the examination of weakly diffracting quasitransparent objects. The letter demonstrates a novel implementation of this technique in acoustic microscopy.
Drug-protein interaction: plasma protein binding of furocoumarins. (1979)

The binding of six furocoumarins (angelicin, psoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, 5-methoxypsoralen, 8-methylpsoralen, 4,5'8-trimethylpsoralen) to human serum and human serum albumin was studied by equilibrium dialysis using tritium labelled compounds. The results indicated that in serum all furocoumarins are bound mostly by albumin, the extent of binding being related to the structure of the furocoumarins; at any rate, high values of the bound drug, ranging from 84 to 97% were observed. The percentage of binding is strictly related to the water solubility of the compounds. A limited number of binding sites, n = 1-2.4, were detected in the albumin molecule, indicating a high specificity in the binding process. The association constants of the furocoumarins to albumin. Ka, ranged from 1.2 X 10(4) M-1 (8-methoxypsoralen) to 1.9 X 10(5) M-1 (4,5'8-trimethylpsoralen).
Growth and physiological responses to toxicosis in lines of mice selected for resistance or susceptibility to endophyte-infected tall fescue in the diet. (1997)

In three experiments, mice from lines selected for resistance (R) or susceptibility (S) to growth depression from endophyte-infected fescue seed in the diet were fed diets containing infected (E+) or non-infected (E-) seed. Activities of liver enzymes known to participate in oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis or in conjugation of xenobiotics were measured in these mice. In all experiments, E+ caused greater reduction in initial ADG of S than of R mice. In Exp. 1, liver cytochromes P450 and b5 activities were not affected by line, diet, or their interaction. These enzymes were not evaluated in subsequent experiments. In all experiments, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (GRT) activities differed between lines. Resistant mice had significantly higher GST activity on both diets in Exp. 1, on E- in Exp. 2, and on E+ in Exp. 3. Resistant mice had higher GRT activities on E+ in Exp. 1, on E- in Exp. 2, but after 4 wk on either diet in Exp. 3. Before test diets were imposed in Exp. 3, GST and GRT activities were higher in R-line mice. Divergent selection created lines that differed in response to tall fescue in the diet. Postweaning growth of resistant mice was less severely depressed by E+, although susceptible mice later expressed compensatory gain. Activities of two detoxification enzymes generally were higher in livers from R-line mice, suggesting a biochemical mechanism for the difference. Using such traits, it may be possible to select ruminants for resistance to fescue toxicosis.
Querying multi-dimensional data indexed using the Hilbert space-filling curve (2001)

Mapping to one-dimensional values and then using a one-dimensional indexing method has been proposed as a way of indexing multi-dimensional data. Most previous related work uses the Z-Order Curve but more recently the Hilbert Curve has been considered since it has superior clustering properties. Any approach, however, can only be of practical value if there are effective methods for executing range and partial match queries. This paper describes such a method for the Hilbert Curve.
A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Noncontact Normothermic Wound Therapy on Chronic Full-thickness Pressure Ulcers (2002)

Wounds treated with NNWT healed significantly faster than wounds in the control group. The healing rate was greatest for larger wounds treated with NNWT.
Bit reversal in FFT from matrix viewpoint (1991)

The computation of a minimum and sufficient set of addresses, along with corresponding bit-reversed addresses, is necessary to do unscrambling in conventional FFT (fast Fourier transform) procedures. A matrix-based interpretation of this problem is presented, and typical software and hardware solutions are described. An overall relationship between the two sets of primary and secondary indices is shown, obviating any additional relationship at individual pairwise level. Although the algorithms have been discussed on radix-2 basis, they can be modified for a radix if necessary.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identifying Differential Gene Sets using the Linear Combination of Genes with Maximum AUC (2012)

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) utilizes the gene expression profiles of functionally related gene sets in Gene Ontology (GO) categories or prior defined biological classes to assess the significance of gene sets associated with clinical outcomes or phenotypes and are the most widely used method for gene analysis. However, little attention has been given from a classification prospect. In this paper, we identify the differential gene sets, which are strongly associated with phenotypic class distinction ability, using gene expression data together with prior biological knowledge. We propose two non-parametric methods to identify differential gene sets using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of linear risk scores of gene sets, which are obtained through a parsimonious threshold-independent gene selection method within gene sets. The AUC-based statistics and the AUC values obtained from cross-validation of the linear risk scores are calculated, and used as indexes to identify differential gene sets. The discrimination abilities of gene sets are summarized and gene sets that possess discrimination ability are selected via a prescribed AUC statistic threshold or a predefined cross-validation AUC threshold. Moreover, we further distinguish the impacts of individual gene sets in terms of discrimination ability based on the absolute values of linear combination coefficients. The proposed methods allow investigators to identify enriched gene sets with high discrimination ability and discover the contributions of genes within gene set via the corresponding linear combination coefficients. Both numerical studies using synthesized data and a series of gene expression data sets are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods, and the results are compared to the random forests classification method and other hypotheses testing based approaches. The results show that our proposed methods are reliable and satisfactory in detecting enrichment and can provide an insightful alternative to gene set testing. The R script and supplementary information are available at http://idv.sinica.edu.tw/ ycchang/software.html.
MOCAT2: a metagenomic assembly, annotation and profiling framework (2016)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Solvent Recovery from Pentachlorophenol-Treated Wood (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent Recovery from Pentachlorophenol-Treated WoodMonie HudsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 7, 1576–1583Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50523a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50523a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Adaptive pitch period decimation and its application in speech compression (2002)

This paper presents a new method of speech coding that takes advantage of the repetitiveness inherent in voiced speech. Voiced speech is broken into pitch period lengths (wavelets) and these signals are compared with one another to determine If two wavelets differ significantly. If the wavelets are significantly different, then they are encoded and transmitted; otherwise, the current wavelet Is not transmitted, and the next pitch period wavelet is compared. This results in encoding only a representative fraction of the speech signal and significantly lowers the number of bits required to transmit the signal. Pitch period determination is done by using the autocorrelation method and a median smoothing filter. The pitch period wavelets are preprocessed using a time weighted averaging method that allows concatenation of wavelets without sharp transitions at pitch boundaries, therefore reducing high frequency noise. Wavelets are compared using the Itakura distance measure, which is usually employed in speech recognition applications. The transmitted wavelets are encoded using a differential PCM method to further reduce the bit rate of the transmission. Unvoiced speech is encoded using an LPC method on a frame by frame basis. This results in high quality speech transmission at bit rates of approximately 3.8 kb/s.
Immune-Based Therapeutics: Scientific Rationale and the Promising Approaches to the Treatment of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individual (1993)

The primary approach to therapy for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be centered around antiretroviral agents that have conferred significant clinical benefits. The considerable degree of immunologic dysfunction in HIV infection, however, has led to intense interest in methods of immune stimulation and reconstitution. Immunomodulatory intervention in HIV infection is highly controversial. Over the years a number of immunomodulatory agents--many with only a poor rationale for their clinical use--have been evaluated. In this review we concentrate on immunomodulatory approaches that are currently being investigated. We group these interventions, reviewing the rationale and clinical data for each category: passive immunity (administration of immunoglobulins and use of apheresis), thymic hormone treatment, cytokine treatment (administration of interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, and interferons), adoptive cellular immunity, and therapeutic vaccination. At present, the only interventions supported by data from well-controlled studies are the parenteral administration of interferon alpha to patients with HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma and the administration of pooled immunoglobulin (to decrease the rate of bacterial infections) to children who cannot take trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, several other approaches under development show promise in reversing some of the immune deficits of HIV infection. Clinical evaluation of these approaches should yield valuable insights into the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection, and these insights should facilitate the formulation of new modalities of treatment.
A homolog of the cell cycle control protein p34cdc2 participates in the division cycle of Chlamydomonas, and a similar protein is detectable in higher plants and remote taxa. (1989)

We investigated plant cell division by testing for the presence and involvement in progress through the division cycle of the protein p34cdc2, a key participant in division control in other eukaryotes. A protein of the same m(r) 34,000 has structural similarity indicated by its reaction with three sorts of antibody raised against (1) cell division-specific regions within a 16-amino acid internal sequence that is perfectly conserved in p34cdc2 from all known sources, (2) the carboxy-terminal 127 amino acids of human p34cdc2 linked to beta-galactosidase, and (3) whole p34cdc2 of fission yeast. Participation of p34 in the division cycle of the green plant Chlamydomonas is indicated by phosphorylation of the protein only in proliferating cells. There is a consistent fivefold increase relative to other proteins when cells become committed to division and a maximum of phosphorylation at the time of nuclear division under conditions that alter by twofold the time of these events. A p34 protein is detectable in oats and Arabidopsis and in remote taxa, including red and brown algae. We conclude that the plant kingdom shares a division control involving p34cdc2 that was probably established in the common ancestral eukaryote prior to divergence of any of the major eukaryote taxa.