gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of conformation‐specific ligands and assays to dissect the molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases (2007)

The use of conformation-specific ligands has been closely linked to progress in the molecular characterization of neurodegenerative diseases. Deposition of misfolded or misprocessed proteins is now recognized as a hallmark of all neurodegenerative diseases. Initially, dyes like Congo red and thioflavin T were used as crudely conformation-specific ligands for staining the beta-sheeted protein components of amyloid deposits in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and prion disease, the two diseases in which protein conformations were distinguished early on. This conformational characterization of extracellular protein deposits with dyes ultimately led to the identification of key players in the disease processes. The recent discovery of intermediate conformational species, i.e., soluble oligomers for AD and PK-sensitive PrP(Sc) for prion disease, whose conformation and assembly are thought to be distinct from both the physiological and the fibrillar conformational states, replaced the former notion that the microscopic protein deposits themselves caused disease. This insight and the generation of conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies to these conformers further advanced diagnosis and the understanding of molecular mechanisms of AD and are likely to do so in other neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review how conformer distinction performed by a variety of different techniques, including biophysical, biochemical, and antibody-based methods, led to the current molecular concepts of AD and the prion diseases. We provide an outlook on the application of these techniques in advancing the understanding of molecular mechanisms of other neurodegenerative diseases or degenerative brain conditions.
SYNTHESIS OF FOUR CARBOXYMETHYL ETHERS OF GLUCOSE (1956)

The 2-, 3-, and 6-O-carboxymethyl-D-glucoses and the 2,3-di-O-carboxymethyl-D-glucose have been synthesized. A solvent system was found which gave complete paper chromatographic separation of these derivatives as well as of those obtained upon hydrolysis of a carboxymethylcellulose.
Array of potentiometric sensors for the analysis of creatinine in urine samples (2002)

The development of potentiometric biosensors for creatinine based on creatinine iminohydrolase (E.C. 3.5.4.21) immobilized on chitosan membranes coupled to a nonactin based ammonium ion selective electrode is described. The response characteristics of three types of biosensors with the enzyme immobilized by three different procedures were evaluated. The biosensors with better response characteristics were obtained by coupling the ammonium ion selective electrodes to chitosan membranes with the enzyme immobilized by adsorption. The linear response range of these biosensors to creatinine was 10(-4) to 10(-2) M, the response time was between 30 and 60 s, they showed an operational lifetime of 44 days and the slope of the response to creatinine in the first day varied between 50 and 52 mV decade-1. An array of six potentiometric sensors, constituted by two creatinine biosensors and four ion selective electrodes for potassium, sodium, ammonium and calcium was calibrated and a multivariate model based on PLS1 for the response to creatinine was obtained and validated. The array was used for the analysis of creatinine in urine samples and the results were compared with the results of a clinical analysis laboratory, based on the Jaffé reaction.
A note on the solve phase of a multicore solver (2010)

When using a direct solver to solve large sparse linear systems of equations, the solve phase that follows the numerical factorization performs a relatively small proportion of the total number of numerical operations. However, it is responsible for a much higher proportion of the memory traffic. This makes it a potential bottleneck on newer multicore architectures that have a higher ratio of computational power to memory bandwidth than exhibited by traditional shared-memory parallel machines. In this note, we illustrate the problem through experiments and test a number of different approaches that aim to improve the performance of the solve phase on multicore machines. We extend the DAGbased approach that has been successfully used for the factorize phase on multicore machines to the solve phase and explore techniques for reducing memory throughput. Numerical experiments that illustrate the difficulties and the effectiveness of our approaches are performed on large-scale problems from practical applications using the sparse multicore solver HSL MA87.
Rayleigh fading effect reduction with wideband DS/CDMA signals (2002)

The authors present an analysis of the mitigation of the Rayleigh fading effect for wideband direct sequence pseudonoise signaling. The reduction of the Rayleigh fading effect is an advantage of code division multiple access (CDMA) over narrowband transmission systems and it eases the burden of CDMA power control. A general expression for the standard deviation of the received wideband signal power is derived. It is shown how the standard deviation decreases as the bandwidth spreading increases. The authors also analyzes the time correlation needed for other analyses (e.g., CDMA power control).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Approximate theory of photon migration in a two-layer medium (1989)

We recently examined properties of the surface emission profiles of particles (photons) injected into a turbid medium consisting of two layers [R. Nossal, J. Kiefer, G. H. Weiss, R. F. Bonner, H. Taitelbaum, and S. Havlin, "Photon Migration in Layered Media," Appl. Opt. 27, 3382-3391 (1988)]. The two layers differ in the coefficient that appears when internal absorption is modeled in terms of Beer's law. The model relates to the injection of laser radiation into tissue for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Results of our earlier work were derived from extensive computer simulations. In the present paper we discuss a simple analytical approximation to the surface intensity profile valid when the absorptivity of the upper layer is greater than that of the lower.
A Side-Chain Dendronized Nonlinear Optical Polyimide with Large and Thermally Stable Electrooptic Activity (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTA Side-Chain Dendronized Nonlinear Optical Polyimide with Large and Thermally Stable Electrooptic ActivityJingdong Luo, Marnie Haller, Hongxiang Li, Hong-Zhi Tang, Alex K.-Y. Jen, Kavitha Jakka, Chia-Hung Chou, and Ching-Fong ShuView Author Information Department of Material Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan 30035, Republic of China Cite this: Macromolecules 2004, 37, 2, 248–250Publication Date (Web):December 23, 2003Publication History Received15 July 2003Revised4 December 2003Published online23 December 2003Published inissue 1 January 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma0350009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0350009rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1093Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Chromophores,Nonlinear optics,Polyimides,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Silicon-based microelectrodes for neurophysiology fabricated using a gold metallization/nitride passivation system (1996)

The multimicroelectrode probe (microprobe) is a device used in neurophysiology to record signals from nerve cells. Microprobes typically have a number of gold recording sites supported on a narrow cantilever beam which is inserted into the tissue. Conducting tracks connect the recording sites to bonding pads on the body of the device. The metallization is insulated, except at the recording sites and bonding pads, by a passivation layer. Boron etch stop techniques can be used to produce narrow cantilever beams upon which recording sites are situated. Previously, polysilicon interconnects were used on microprobes fabricated using boron etch stop techniques, with gold inlaid onto the recording sites using a lift-off technique. This meant that mechanical jigging was required before the final shaping of the probes in potassium hydroxide (or other etch) to prevent the etch from attacking the polysilicon conductors beneath the inlaid gold. The process reported here incorporates a gold metallization layer, in conjunction with a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) nitride passivation layer. Since both these materials etch very slowly in potassium hydroxide, no mechanical jigging, or other steps, need to be taken to protect the front of the wafer during the shaping stage. This simplifies the fabrication of these devices.
A Novel Intravascular Stents Covered with Human Amniotic Membrane (2007)

To blockade or inhibit the interactions between the circulating blood cells and the vascular cells may be essential after balloon inflation and stents deployment for reducing or preventing restenosis. Amniotic basal lamina contains large quantities of proteoglycans which are thought to perform a barrier function. So we tried to construct two types of intravascular stents covered with human amniotic membrane: externally amniotic membrane covered stents and internally amniotic membrane covered stents. The histopathological examination showed amniotic membrane tissue could be preserved at -80degC for months and kept a whole tissue structure. The stretch stress tests showed that the cryopreserved amniotic membrane had a good-sized extensibility and was an excellent elastic membrane material. The hemolysis texts showed that the hemolysis ratio was lower than 5%, conforming to the requirement of biomaterials. So the human amniotic membrane was an excellent membrane material when incorporated into metal stents. It was a feasible method to fabricate the covered intravascular stents with human amniotic membrane.
A Real Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Mismatching Compensation in PV Array Under Partially Shaded Conditions (2010)

Conventional popular maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods are effective under uniform solar irradiance. However, under solar irradiance mismatching conditions [partially shaded conditions (PSCs)], these MPPTs can fail for real MPPT (RMPPT), because multiple local maxima can be exhibited on the power-voltage characteristic curve. Although some researchers have worked on RMPPT under partial shading conditions, the methods have some drawbacks in terms of complexity and requirements for additional circuits, etc. In this paper, a novel MPPT method capable of RMPPT under PSCs is proposed. The performance of the proposed MPPT method is analyzed according to the RMPP position and is verified by simulation and experimental results.
Lewis(y) antigen (CD174) and apoptosis in gastric and colorectal carcinomas: correlations with clinical and prognostic parameters. (2006)

Lewis(y) (Le(y)), also designated CD174, represents a carbohydrate blood group antigen which is strongly expressed in neoplastic gastrointestinal tissues. Previous reports indicated an association between Le(y) expression and apoptosis. Therefore, we tried to elucidate its clinicopathological relevance in a series of 160 gastric and 215 colorectal carcinomas by immunohistochemical detection of Le(y) and visualization of apoptotic cells applying the in-situ-end labelling (ISEL) method, followed by semiquantitative scoring of the specimens. In both gastric as well as colorectal carcinomas, between 40 and 50% of the cases were Le(y) reactive. Signet-ring cell carcinomas of the stomach exhibited a significantly stronger Le(y) expression compared to other tumor types. In colorectal cancers, Le(y) was associated with increased tumor staging, showing the strongest positivity in stage IV. Further correlations with clinicopathological variables or prognosis were not observed. On the other hand, the amount of apoptotic cells was significantly reduced in mucinous adenocarcinomas of the colorectum compared to non-mucinous carcinomas. Scoring of apoptotic cells did not result in any other clinicopathologically relevant correlations. In addition, a significant association between Le(y) antigen expression and apoptosis score could not be established. Therefore, the hypothesis of a functional relationship between these two aspects of gastrointestinal tumor biology is not confirmed by our data.
<title>Immunophototherapy for the treatment of AIDS and AIDS-related infections</title> (1992)

Immunophototherapy (IPT) is an experimental method of medical treatment that seeks to provide for the selective destruction of diseased cells and microbes such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-T4 cells and the rapid elimination of their toxic by-products from the human body. Photosensitive monoclonal or polyclonal antibody fragments, which are specific to the diseased cell or microbe, will be used to treat acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and related infections. These antibody fragments are tagged with photosensitive compounds and metal colloids and then intravenously injected into the patient. The tagged antibodies quickly and selectively bind to the diseased cells or microbes in the blood stream and affected organs. These cells or microbes are then selectively destroyed by irradiation of these complexes with light of the proper wavelength. This light activates the photosensitive material which then creates singlet oxygen that destroys the microbe or cell. Toxic products of lysis are quickly discharged from the body by activation of the reticuloendothelial system. IPT has been demonstrated by Biotronics to be very effective in the in vitro selective destruction of specified cell types. In a proposed AIDS-treatment research program, IPT will be first demonstrated in vitro for a set of infected blood samples using commercially-available antibodies labeled with appropriate photosensitizers. Efficacy will be determined by a p24 antigen immunodiagnostic test that will indicate the % inhibition in comparison to controls and samples treated with the drug AZT. Subcontracted animal efficacy studies will use a SCID-hu mouse model and PCR/DNA-RNA for endpoint analysis. Toxicity studies of animal (rat) models will be based on post-treatment investigations of lymph nodes, spleen, liver and other organs.
<i>INNOVATIONS FORUM:</i> Application of Extrusion for Manufacture of Short Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite (1998)

To improve the performance of the short fiber reinforced cement-based (FRC) materials without losing its merits, researchers started to look for some new manufacture methods. The advantages of the extrusion technique made it a strong candidate, and a few pioneer institutions have studied the feasibility of application of the extrusion technique in the manufacture of short FRC materials. The composites manufactured by this method show a great improvement in both strength and toughness as compared with the FRC composites made by traditional casting methods. This improvement can be attributed to the achievement of low porosity and good interfacial bond under high shear and compressive stress during the extrusion process. The extrusion technique also enables the manufacturers to form intractable materials into desirable shapes with minimal liquid addition, which is critical in developing high-strength cement-based composites.
Quantitative angiography on a Macintosh II (2002)

A versatile cardiovascular analysis system based on a Macintosh II personal computer is described. The use of a framegrabber makes it available to a wide range of clinical image acquisition equipment. The clinician is offered a powerful tool for diagnosis of coronary artery diseases. Morphologic studies and objective quantitative analysis of coronary occlusions and assessment of their functional severity can be of great help in the stratification of patients at risk. An almost real-time environment will make it possible for the cardiologist to quickly respond to the impact of such interventions as PTCA or angiopyroplasty while the patient is still in the catheterization room.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
miR-15a-5p acts as an oncogene in renal cell carcinoma (2017)

miRNAs have been reported to be involved in multiple cellular processes and the tumorigenesis of various cancers. miR‑15a‑5p (also termed miR‑15a) has previously been determined to be upregulated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by microarray profile. However, the expression and function of miR‑15a‑5p in RCC remain to be validated. In the present study, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) was performed to detect the expression levels of miR‑15a‑5p in RCC tissues and cells. The expression level of miR‑15a‑5p was upregulated or downregulated by transfecting synthesized miR‑15a‑5p mimics or inhibitors. The MTT assay, CCK‑8 assay, Transwell assay, wound healing assay, Hoechest 33342 staining and flow cytometry were conducted to investigate the role of miR‑15a‑5p in RCC. The results of the RT‑qPCR demonstrated that miR‑15a‑5p was upregulated in RCC tissues and ACHN, 786‑O and 769P RCC cells compared with paired normal tissues and HEK‑293T cells. miR‑15a‑5p was observed to be associated with RCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. The results demonstrated that miR‑15a‑5p may be important as a tumor promoter in RCC. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to describe miR‑15a‑5p as a tumor promoter in RCC. Further research will be performed to investigate the underlying signaling pathway of miR‑15a‑5p and the potential role of miR‑15a‑5p as a biomarker for early detection, prognosis prediction and a therapeutic target of RCC.
Epinephrine delivery via EpiPen® Auto-Injector or manual syringe across participants with a wide range of skin-to-muscle distances (2020)

Epinephrine delivery via EpiPen resulted in greater early systemic exposure to epinephrine vs IM syringe as assessed by epinephrine plasma levels. Delivery via EpiPen was consistent across participants with a wide range of STMD, even when the needle may not have penetrated the muscle.<i>Trial registrations</i>This trial was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00011263; secondary ID, EudraCT 2016-000104-29) on 23 March 2017.
Ellagic Acid and Flavonoid Antioxidant Content of Muscadine Wine and Juice (2002)

Antioxidant properties of flavonoids and ellagic acid were characterized in eight wines and juices produced by various processing methodologies from red and white muscadine grape cultivars (Vitis rotundifolia). Juices and wines were produced by hot- and cold-pressed techniques, and additional wine was produced following on-hull fermentation for 3, 5, and 7 days. Chromatographic conditions were developed to simultaneously separate anthocyanins, ellagic acid, and flavonols and correlated to a measurement of overall antioxidant capacity (AOX), and their changes were monitored after storage for 60 days at 20 and 37 degrees C. Regression coefficients between concentrations of individual polyphenolics and AOX ranged from 0.55 for ellagic acid to 0.90 for kaempferol. Both red and white wines had higher AOX values after storage than juices made from an identical grape press, despite lower concentrations of individual polyphenolic compounds. Red wines fermented on-hull had higher initial concentrations of antioxidant polyphenolics as compared to a corresponding hot-pressed juice, but changes in AOX during storage were more affected by time than by storage temperature despite lower concentrations of flavonoids and ellagic acid present at 37 degrees C as compared to 20 degrees C. Oxidative or polymerization reactions significantly decreased levels of monomeric anthocyanins during storage with the greatest losses observed for delphinidin and petunidin 3,5-diglucosides. Processing methods for muscadine wine and juice production were important factors influencing concentrations of antioxidant flavonoids and ellagic acid, while the role of fermentation and time had the greatest influence on retention of AOX properties during storage.
Rapid Extraction Method with Pronase B for Grouping Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci (1972)

The enzyme, Pronase B, was used to extract the C carbohydrates of betahemolytic streptococci for serological grouping. Reference strains of streptococci, groups A through N, were accurately grouped by using this extraction method. Of the beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from patients' cultures, 1,197 were classified as either group A or not group A by this method. There was 100% correlation with the reference Lancefield method. In contrast, false reactions occurred with the presumptive bacitracin disc method in 4.1% of the group A and 12.7% of the non-group A cultures. The Pronase method proved simple, accurate, and readily adaptable to the clinical laboratory routine.
Hydrogen-oxygen catalytic ignition and thruster investigation. Volume 1: Catalytic ignition and low pressure thruster evaluations (1972)

An experimental and analytical program was conducted to evaluate catalytic igniter operational limits, igniter scaling criteria, and delivered performance of cooled, flightweight gaseous hydrogen-oxygen reaction control thrusters. Specific goals were to: (1) establish operating life and environmental effects for both Shell 405-ABSG and Engelhard MFSA catalysts, (2) provide generalized igniter design guidelines for high response without flashback, and (3) to determine overall performance of thrusters at chamber pressures of 15 and 300 psia (103 and 2068 kN/sq m) and thrust levels of 30 and 1500 lbf, respectively. The experimental results have demonstrated the feasibility of reliable, high response catalytic ignition and the effectiveness of ducted chamber cooling for a high performance flightweight thruster. This volume presents the results of the catalytic igniter and low pressure thruster evaluations are presented.
Pricing as a demand‐side management tool: Implications for water policy and governance (2012)

Full‐value or ‐cost pricing and conservation pricing as demand‐side management tools are examined along with the benefits of maintaining responsive and transparent government and the benefits realized as a result of such practices.