gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using the Web to Interactively Learn to Find Objects (2021)

In order for robots to intelligently perform tasks with humans, they must be able to access a broad set of background knowledge about the environments in which they operate. Unlike other approaches, which tend to manually define the knowledge of the robot, our approach enables robots to actively query the World Wide Web (WWW) to learn background knowledge about the physical environment. We show that our approach is able to search the Web to infer the probability that an object, such as a "coffee,'' can be found in a location, such as a "kitchen.'' Our approach, called ObjectEval, is able to dynamically instantiate a utility function using this probability, enabling robots to find arbitrary objects in indoor environments. Our experimental results show that the interactive version of ObjectEval visits 28% fewer locations than the version trained offline and 71% fewer locations than a baseline approach which uses no background knowledge.
Ratchet nanofiltration of DNA (2013)

The DNA nanofilter is a microfabricated electrophoretic separation device consisting of a periodic array of thin slits (circa 60 nm) separated by deeper wells (circa 320 nm). We demonstrate that this device can act as a tuneable, clog-free filter when operating in a low frequency, asymmetric field inversion mode. This filtration occurs by using asymmetric field inversion to achieve bi-directional migration of short (less than 1000 bp) DNA. Moreover, similar ratchet-type operation can improve separations when compared to a constant field separation in the same device. These modes of operation enhance the utility of the DNA nanofilter as a component of integrated lab-on-a-chip devices. The experimental data confirm theoretical predictions for the bidirectional transport of DNA in entropy-based separations.
Electrospinning fabrication, structural and mechanical characterization of rod-like virus-based composite nanofibers (2011)

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was electrospun with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) into continuous TMV–PVA composite nanofibers to form a biodegradable nonwoven fibrous mat as an extracellular matrix (ECM) mimetic. Morphological characterizations by electron microscopy showed that the addition of varying amounts of TMV resulted in homogeneous nanofibers without phase separation and did not change the diameter of the composite nanofibers. The orientation of TMV in as-spun fibers could be readily controlled and post-processing of the nonwoven TMV–PVA mat significantly improved its water resistance. In addition, tensile tests were performed on individual nanofibers, which revealed that the TMV–PVA composite nanofibers achieved a comparable Young's modulus as PVA nanofibers. Since the modification of TMV is readily achieved via genetic or chemical methods, this process offers a facile way to incorporate a variety of functionalities into polymer nanofibers. As a demonstration of its potential as ECM mimetic, a mutant TMV containing RGD peptide was co-spun with PVA and the resulting fibrous substrates were used to promote cell growth.
Water Related Properties of Birch Wood Modified with Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF) Resins (2019)

In this study, Silver birch ( Betula pendula ) wood veneers and solid wood blocks were treated with commercial phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin water solutions. Birch veneers and solid wood blocks of different size were impregnated with PF resin solutions in water with concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 wt%. The weight percent gain (WPG) and bulking after drying and curing of resin treated wood specimens were determined to evaluate the impact of specimen sizes and density. The leaching procedure according to EN 84 was performed to evaluate the PF resin fixation stability. The anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) of untreated and treated specimens during seven soaking-drying cycles was examined. Higher WPG values were obtained for specimens with lower density, but no correlation was found between the specimen size and WPG. The WPG of veneers and solid wood was 8.7 - 17.7% and 8.5 - 24.4%, respectively. The ASE of wood blocks treated with PF resins after the 1 st cycle was in the range of 37 - 51% depending on the resin loading in the wood. However, the ASE values decreased after every next soaking-drying cycle, reaching 33 - 48% after the 7 th cycle. After leaching, the WPG of specimens decreased by 2.3 - 3.0%.
Operator-Automation Interaction in Agricultural Vehicles (2009)

Over the last 25 years, considerable research has been conducted in an effort to understand human behavior in automated systems. These efforts have yielded a number of valuable findings about the overall nature of human-automation interaction across a wide range of domains, such as aviation, surface transportation, medical systems, manufacturing environments, and maritime vehicles. In this article, we provide an overview of another domain that has been heavily influenced by automation: agricultural vehicles. We share some observations about the impacts of automation on human behavior within this domain, discuss some of the tools and methods being used to investigate these issues, and speculate about the lessons to be learned about human-automation interaction from this arena.
On the Design of a Mechanically Programmable Underactuated Anthropomorphic Prosthetic Gripper (2013)

This paper introduces a novel underactuated anthropomorphic gripper for prosthetic applications. In order to extend the grasping capabilities of underactuated prosthetic grippers and improve the force transmission ratio, a mechanical lever is mounted inside the palm that allows a proper distribution of the forces and provides mechanical advantage. A static model is developed and the possibilities offered by the lever transmission are investigated. Also, a compact mechanism is introduced to synchronize the motion of the four fingers. Additionally, a mechanical selector is designed that functions as a means of mechanically programming the motion of the fingers by selectively blocking their closing motion. Finally, a prototype, including all the above features, is described and experimental validation is briefly reported.
Enhancing the Sensitivity of Frequency and Energy Splitting Detection by Using Exceptional Points: Application to Microcavity Sensors for Single-Particle Detection (2014)

Several types of sensors used in physics are based on the detection of splittings of resonant frequencies or energy levels. We propose here to operate such sensors at so-called exceptional points, which are degeneracies in open wave and quantum systems where at least two resonant frequencies or energy levels and the corresponding eigenstates coalesce. We argue that this has great potential for enhanced sensitivity provided that one is able to measure both the frequency splitting as well as the linewidth splitting. We apply this concept to a microcavity sensor for single-particle detection. An analytical theory and numerical simulations prove a more than threefold enhanced sensitivity. We discuss the possibility to resolve individual linewidths using active optical microcavities.Received 30 January 2014DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.203901© 2014 American Physical Society
Evaluating Reliance Level of a Virtual Metrology System (2008)

This paper proposes a novel method for evaluating the reliability of a virtual metrology system (VMS). The proposed method calculates a reliance index (RI) value between zero and one by analyzing the process data of production equipment to determine the reliability of the virtual metrology results. This method also defines an RI threshold. If an RI value exceeds the threshold, the conjecture result is reliable; otherwise, the conjecture result needs to be further examined. Besides the RI, the method also proposes process data similarity indexes (SIs). The SIs are defined to assess the degree of similarity between the input set of process data and those historical sets of process data used to establish the conjecture model. The proposed method includes two types of SIs: global similarity index (GSI) and individual similarity index (ISI). Both GSI and ISI are applied to assist the RI in gauging the reliance level and locating the key parameter(s) that cause major deviation, thus resolving the VMS manufacturability problem. An illustrative example involving 300-mm semiconductor foundry etching equipment is presented. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is applicable to the VMS of production equipment (such as that for semiconductor and TFT-LCD).
IL-12 is essential for resistance against Yersinia enterocolitica by triggering IFN-γ production in NK cells and CD4+ T cells (1996)

Although Yersinia enterocolitica is extracellularly located in infected tissues, a specific T cell response is required to overcome infection. Recent work implicated that in contrast to Yersinia-susceptible BALB/c mice, C57BL/6 mice are Yersinia resistant due to the rapid development of a Yersinia-specific Th1 T cell response. This study focused on the role of IL-12 in Y. enterocolitica infections in both mouse strains. We found that C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice produced comparable quantities of IL-12 mRNA after Y. enterocolitica infection. Likewise, Yersinia-infected bone marrow macrophages from both mouse strains produced equal quantities of IL-12. Administration of neutralizing anti-IL-12 Abs abrogated resistance against yersiniae in either strain. In addition, administration of rIL-12 rendered BALB/c mice resistant to yersiniae, while this treatment was toxic to C57BL/6 mice. IL-12-mediated protection was partially dependent on IFN-gamma. Spleen cells from both strains of mice produced Yersinia-triggered IFN-gamma in an IL-12-dependent manner, although those from BALB/c mice produced 10-fold lesser quantities. Administration of rIL-12 in vivo increased Yersinia-induced IFN-gamma production by BALB/c spleen cells in vitro, but decreased IFN-gamma production by spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice. IL-10 was antagonistic to IL-12 only in BALB/c mice and inhibited Yersinia-triggered IFN-gamma production. In vivo depletion experiments revealed that IL-12 accounts for Yersinia-induced IFN-gamma production by both NK cells and CD4+ T cells, the latter of which are an essential source of IFN-gamma r while NK cell-derived IFN-gamma production can be compensated by other cells. In contrast to that in the spleen, IL-12 plays a minor role in protection against yersiniae in Peyer's patches after orogastric infection. In summary, our data suggest that IL-12 is rapidly induced by Y. enterocolitica infection and required for IFN-gamma production by NK cells as well by CD4+ T cells. Although BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice produced comparable quantities of IL-12, IFN-gamma production, and thus resistance to yersiniae, can be increased by exogenous IL-12 only in BALB/c, not in C57BL/6, mice.
Nucleolar Localization of Human Methionyl–Trna Synthetase and Its Role in Ribosomal RNA Synthesis (2000)

Human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are normally located in cytoplasm and are involved in protein synthesis. In the present work, we found that human methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) was translocated to nucleolus in proliferative cells, but disappeared in quiescent cells. The nucleolar localization of MRS was triggered by various growth factors such as insulin, PDGF, and EGF. The presence of MRS in nucleoli depended on the integrity of RNA and the activity of RNA polymerase I in the nucleolus. The ribosomal RNA synthesis was specifically decreased by the treatment of anti-MRS antibody as determined by nuclear run-on assay and immunostaining with anti-Br antibody after incorporating Br-UTP into nascent RNA. Thus, human MRS plays a role in the biogenesis of rRNA in nucleoli, while it is catalytically involved in protein synthesis in cytoplasm.
Examination of the Clinicopathologic Continuum of Alzheimer Disease in the Autopsy Cohort of the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center (2013)

To test the hypothesis that Alzheimer disease (AD) is a clinical and pathologic continuum between normal aging and end-stage dementia, we selected a convenience sample of subjects from the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center 2005 to 2012 autopsy cohort (n = 2,083) with the last clinical evaluation within 2 years before autopsy and no other primary neuropathologic diagnosis. Demographic and neuropathologic characteristics were correlated with the Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes in the 835 subjects meeting these criteria. Both neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles independently predicted Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes. Severe small-vessel disease, severe amyloid angiopathy, and hippocampal sclerosis were also independently associated with the degree of cognitive impairment. By contrast, education was a strong independent protective factor against cognitive deficits. The cause of mild to moderate dementia remained uncertain in 14% of the patients. Inverse probability weighting suggests the generalizability of these results to nonautopsied cohorts. These data indicate that plaques and tangles independently contribute to cognitive impairment, that concurrent vascular disease strongly correlates with cognitive dysfunction even in a sample selected to represent the AD pathologic continuum, and that education further modifies clinical expression. Thus, multiple concomitant etiologies of brain damage and premorbid characteristics contribute to the uncertainty of AD clinicopathologic correlations based only on tangles and plaques.
Hypermethylation of p16INK4a and p15INK4b genes in non-small cell lung cancer (2001)

Hypermethylation of CpG island is a common mechanism by which tumor suppressor genes are inactivated. The tumor suppressor genes p16(INK4a) and p15(INK4b) are important components of the cell cycles. We have studied the feasibility of detecting tumor-associated aberrant p16(INK4a) and p15(INK4b) methylation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using methylation-specific PCR. We found a high frequency of hypermethylation of the p16(INK4a) gene in 17 of 45 cases of NSCLC. In this study, there was no difference between the clinicopathological features or overall survival of patients with and without p16(INK4a) methylation. On the other hand, p15(INK4b) promoter hypermethylation is rare (5/45) in lung cancer and occurs in association with p16(INK4a) methylation. The overall survival of patients with p15(INK4b) methylation was markedly shortened in this series. We also analyzed cells in bronchial washings, and p16(INK4a) methylation was detected in 4 of 17 cases of NSCLC. Moreover, 1 of 10 plasma samples from patients with NSCLC was positive for p16(INK4a) methylation. Our results suggest a possible prognostic role of p15(INK4b) methylation in NSCLC, and that the detection of aberrant p16(INK4a) methylation in both bronchial washings and plasma may be useful for cancer diagnosis.
Identifying the Strengths and Concerns of OpenCourseware Design (2014)

This qualitative, exploratory study investigated the design strengths and concerns of OpenCourseware (OCW) for higher education based on user experience, using the translated Chinese website of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology OCW as a venue for exploration (http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/index.htm). Forty-two college students, professors, and e-learning experts in Taiwan were recruited to assess the usefulness of the OCW for learning and teaching on this website. Semi-structured, hour-long interviews were conducted. Fourteen factors – including nine strengths and five concerns – that influence the degree of effectiveness of the design and implementation of OCW were identified and discussed with reference to three major design aspects (technological, curricular, and pedagogical). The implications for better design and use of OCW as an open educational resource (OER) were discussed.
Narrow-width effects of shallow trench-isolated CMOS with n/sup +/-polysilicon gate (1989)

Narrow-width effects are discussed of n- and p-MOSFETs with shallow trench isolation. MOSFETs with n/sup +/-polysilicon gates were fabricated down to channel widths of 0.5 mu m by using a novel planarization process with an etch stop. The threshold behavior is characterized as a function of both the sidewall-implanted boron and the three dimensional process/device simulations. The trench-isolated n-MOSFET shows the narrow-width effect with excess boron doses implanted in the sidewalls. It is found that the lateral diffusion of sidewall-implanted boron induces enhancement of the edge current although the devices show narrow-width effects. The trench-isolated p-MOSFETs show narrow-width effects with the buried-channel mode and the inverse-narrow width effect when surface channel conditions dominate at threshold. It is found that the narrow-width effect of p-MOSFETs strongly depends on the threshold adjustment by means of counter doping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Negative refraction of modulated electromagnetic waves (2002)

We show that a modulated Gaussian beam undergoes negative refraction at the interface between a positive and negative refractive index material. While the refraction of the beam is clearly negative, the modulation interference fronts are not normal to the group velocity, and thus exhibit a sideways motion relative to the beam—an effect due to the inherent frequency dispersion associated with the negative index medium. In particular, the interference fronts appear to bend in a manner suggesting positive refraction, such that for a plane wave, the true direction of the energy flow associated with the refracted beam is not obvious.
Respiration during sleep in normal man. (1982)

Respiratory volumes and timing have been measured in 19 healthy adults during wakefulness and sleep. Minute ventilation was significantly less (p less than 0.05) in all stages of sleep than when the subject was awake (7.66 +/- 0.34(SEM) 1/min), the level in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep (6.46 +/- 0.29 1/min) being significantly lower than in non-REM sleep (7.18 +/- 0.39 1/min). The breathing pattern during all stages of sleep was significantly more rapid and shallow than during wakefulness, tidal volume in REM sleep being reduced to 73% of the level during wakefulness. Mean inspiratory flow rate (VT/Ti), an index of inspiratory drive, was significantly lower in REM sleep than during wakefulness or non-REM sleep. Thus ventilation falls during sleep, the greatest reduction occurring during REM sleep, when there is a parallel reduction in inspiratory drive. Similar changes in ventilation may contribute to the REM-associated hypoxaemia observed in normal subjects and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
METTL3 facilitates tumor progression via an m6A-IGF2BP2-dependent mechanism in colorectal carcinoma (2019)

Overall, our study revealed that METTL3, acting as an oncogene, maintained SOX2 expression through an m<sup>6</sup>A-IGF2BP2-dependent mechanism in CRC cells, and indicated a potential biomarker panel for prognostic prediction in CRC.
Application of antisense oligonucleotides for gene functionalization and target validation. (1999)

The Human Genome Project (complete sequencing of the human genome) will be complete soon and the information made available to the biomedical community. Although the project is not yet complete, it has dramatically changed the practice of biomedical sciences. With enormous amounts of information available from sequencing efforts, increasing demands are being put on researchers to quickly determine the biochemical function of novel molecular targets and to validate them as appropriate for drug discovery endeavors. Antisense oligonucleotides are an ideal technology for gene functionalization and target validation. They are an efficient methodology for gene functionalization and target validation and are a proven technology. Antisense technology can answer questions with a high degree of precision and it is a versatile technology. In this review the use of antisense oligonucleotides as a research tool for gene functionalization and target validation is discussed.
Blind Feedforward Frequency Estimation for OFDM Signals Transmitted over Multipath Fading Channels (2006)

In this paper a novel feedforward frequency synchronizer for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals transmitted over multipath fading channels is described. Its derivation is based on maximum likelihood (ML) estimation techniques and assumes an approximate statistical knowledge of the communication channel. The performance of the proposed algorithm is assessed by computer simulations and is compared with that provided by other synchronizers and with Cramer-Rao bounds.
An on-line algorithm for blind source separation on speech signals (1998)

Abstract — In this article, we propose an on-line algorithm for Blind Source Separation of speech sig-nals, which is recorded in a real environment. This on-line algorithm makes it possible to trace the chang-ing environment. The idea is to apply some on-line al-gorithm in the time-frequency domain. We show some results of experiments. I.
[Correction of hyperdyslipidemia using polyene-structure substances. Controlled clinical trial]. (1979)

Mepartricin (SPA-S-160 enteric-coated tablets) fat-lowering effect was evaluated in 20 patients with lipids disorders of various type. The cross-over trial was carried out with clofibrate as reference drug. Posology consisted, in both treatments, of 3 tablets/die. All subjects received each drug for a 30-day period, with a drug-free interval of 30 days. The results proved positive for both drugs but mepartricin showed a better therapeutical index. Local and systemic tolerance was good for both drugs even though the transaminases values were found to be sensibly higher after the therapeutic cycle with clofibrate.