gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microalloying Effects of Ca and Ni on High-Temperature Creep Behavior in Mg-Y-Zn Alloys (2008)

High temperature creep strength at 650 K and microstructures of Mg-Y-Zn-based alloys with fourth elements (nickel and calcium) have been investigated. The microalloying of 0.5 mass% calcium markedly increases the stacking fault density in the Mg-3 mass%Y-0.5 mass%Zn alloy. Furthermore, the addition of calcium can decrease the size of stacking faults. On the other hand, in the nickel-added alloy, many precipitates were formed and the estimated stacking faults density decreased significantly. The creep strength of the Mg-Y-Zn-Ca alloy is higher than that of the base alloy (Mg-3 mass%Y-0.5 mass%Zn, WZ305). Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations revealed that many a-dislocations on the basal planes in the magnesium matrix are extended during creep deformation in Mg-Y-Zn-based alloys. There was significant consumption of solute atoms in the matrix and deterioration of creep strength in the Mg-Y-Zn-Ni alloy, because the formation of a large number of precipitates began before creep. On the other hand, both the low mobile dislocation density and the large separation width of extended a-dislocations were observed in the Mg-Y-Zn-Ca alloy, which exhibits excellent creep strength at 650 K under 20 MPa.
A novel battery charger/discharger stage for uninterruptible power supply system (2005)

A new battery charger/discharger for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is proposed. The proposed converter offers substantial improvements in efficiency, size and cost compared with UPS schemes with multiple stages. The proposed UPS approach is a good solution for low power applications (/spl les/ 500 W). The operation of the converter is addressed. The analysis, simulation and experimental results are presented.
Localization <i>in situ</i> of the co‐stimulatory molecules B7.1, B7.2, CD40 and their ligands in normal human lymphoid tissue (1995)

Functional interactions between B and T lymphocytes are known to depend on the expression of co-stimulatory molecules B7.1/CD80, B7.2/CD86 and their counter-receptors CD28 and CTLA4, as well as CD40 and its ligand CD40L. To study the role of these molecules in situ, an immunohistochemical analysis was carried out on normal human lymphoid tissue. In the germinal centers (GC), B7.1 and B7.2 were differentially expressed. In the dark zone, centroblasts were predominantly B7.1+, while centrocytes in the light zone were B7-2+, resulting in reversed gradients of both markers in GC. Follicle mantle cells were negative for B7.1 and B7.2. Macrophages and interdigitating dendritic cells (IDC) in T cell zones both expressed B7.1 and B7.2. Moreover, clusters of B7.2+ T cells were demonstrated in interfollicular areas. Intrafollicular CD4+ T cells in GC, predominantly in the apical light zone, expressed CD28 and CTLA4, as did the majority of interfollicular T cells. CTLA4 showed a striking excentric cytoplasmic staining, which was also seen on T cells activated in vitro. CD40 was expressed on all B cells and more strongly on macrophages and IDC. Moreover, small clusters of T cells in a rim outside the GC showed CD40 expression. CD40L was expressed both on intrafollicular CD4+ T cells as well as on T cells in T cell zones. The differential distribution of co-stimulatory molecules in different compartments of normal human lymphoid tissue in situ indicates that these interactions play a distinctive role in different stages of B cell differentiation and in the immune response.
건강인과 뇌졸중 환자에서 선의 방향성 판단에 의한 공간인지 비교 (2011)

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 공간인지능력을 알아보기 위하여 수정된 JLOT를 사용하여 건강인과 뇌졸중 환자에서 제시되는 선의 길이에 따라 오른편마비와 왼편마비의 선의 방향성 판단 능력을 비교해 보는 것이다 또한 편측무시가 없는 오른반구 손상 환자와 왼반구 손상 환자 사이에서 선의 방향성 판단 능력의 차이를 알아보는 것이다. 방법: 본 연구대상자는 총 67명이었으며, 우세손이 오른손인 건강인 29명, 뇌졸중 환자 (오른마비 20명, 왼마비 18명) 38명이었다. Benton 등. (1983)의 선의 방향성 판단 검사(Judgement of the Line Orientation Test; JLOT)를 수정하여 6개의 연습 문항과 24개의 검사 문항으로 구성하여 총점(정답개수)과 반응시간을 비교하였다. 결과: 건강인군과 뇌졸중군 간에는 건강인군에서 뇌졸중군보다 총점이 평균 2.54점 높았으며(p=.026), 반응시간은 환자군이 평균 6.18초 증가되어 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=.000). 건강인군, 오른마비군과 왼 마비군 간에는 총점(정답개수)(F=4.191, p=.019)과 반응시간(F=10.395, p=.000)에서 모두 통계학적으로 유의하였다. 다중 비교 결과를 보면 총점은 건강인군과 왼 마비군에서 평균차 3.68(p=.020), 반응시간은 건강인군과 오른 마비군 간에서 평균차 - 7.22(p=.000), 건강인군과 왼 마비군 간에는 평균차 - 4.22(p=.046)이었다. 선의 각도별 정답률은 수평과 수직에 가까울수록 높은 비율을 보였다. 결론: 선의 방향성 판단 능력은 정상인군에서 환자군 보다 정답률이 높았으며, 반응시간이 짧았다. 또한, 선의 각도별 정답률은 수평과 수직에 가까울수록 높아지는 경향을 보였다.
Low‐level laser therapy (810 nm) protects primary cortical neurons against excitotoxicity in vitro (2013)

Excitotoxicity describes a pathogenic process whereby death of neurons releases large amounts of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, which then proceeds to activate a set of glutamatergic receptors on neighboring neurons (glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and kainate), opening ion channels leading to an influx of calcium ions producing mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Excitotoxicity contributes to brain damage after stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, and is also involved in spinal cord injury. We tested whether low level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) at 810 nm could protect primary murine cultured cortical neurons against excitotoxicity in vitro produced by addition of glutamate, NMDA or kainate. Although the prevention of cell death was modest but significant, LLLT (3 J/cm(2) delivered at 25 mW/cm(2) over 2 min) gave highly significant benefits in increasing ATP, raising mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing intracellular calcium concentrations, reducing oxidative stress and reducing nitric oxide. The action of LLLT in abrogating excitotoxicity may play a role in explaining its beneficial effects in diverse central nervous system pathologies.
A Remote Sensing Image Segmentation Method Based on Spectral and Texture Information Fusion (2009)

Since inadequacy information from spectral characteristics for very high resolution remote sensing multispectral imagery segmentation/classification, we propose the combination of spectral feature which was extracted by a variable mean shift clustering algorithm and spatial features by Gabor filter banks and support vector machine is employed to achieve feature fusion and classification. Some issues on feature dimension reduction and parameter estimation in mean shift procedure are discussed. The whole algorithm is evaluated on the synthetic texture image, which are cropped from a QuickBird image with typical land-cover types. The result show an improvement in classification of land cover classes having similar spectral surface.
A High‐Mobility Low‐Bandgap Copolymer for Efficient Solar Cells (2010)

Abstract A new high‐mobility low‐bandgap polymer, PBDT‐DODTBT, based on benzodithiophene and 5,6‐bis(octyloxy)‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzothiadiazole has been synthesized through a standard Stille coupling reaction. The polymer is soluble in common organic solvents, such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and chlorobenzene and has excellent film forming properties. Preliminary studies of the copolymer showed the charge mobility as high as 7.15 × 10 −3 cm 2 · V −1 · s −1 from SCLC measurement. Initial photovoltaic cells based on the composite structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PBDT‐DODTBT: α PC 71 BM (1:2)/Ca/Al showed an open‐circuit voltage of 0.76 V, a power conversion efficiency of 4.02%, and a short‐circuit current of 8.96 mA · cm −2 . magnified image
Dental Materials - historical (1971)

Asgar, Kamal, "Y Spruing": A techniqueshowing how to make and attach the y" shaped" sprue. (11:31) Orig. air date: OCT 30 72
An Improved Phage Display Antibody Cloning System Using Newly Designed PCR Primers Optimized for Pfu DNA Polymerase (1995)

An improved combinatorial library system to raise mouse monoclonal antibodies was constructed. PCR primers have been newly designed to optimize the reaction for Pfu DNA polymerase, which has proofreading activity. The phagemid vector (pPDS) is designed to accommodate VH and Vk cDNAs, which had previously been assembled by PCR either in single chain fragment of variable regions (scFv) or Fab form. Antibody cloned in scFv form can be converted to Fab form by substituting the scFv linker of (Gly4Ser)3 with a fragment containing murine CH1 cDNA. This vector will produce soluble Fab in non-amber suppressor cells and allow the shuffling of light chains against a heavy chain. Hybridoma cell lines producing anti-human procollagenase monoclonal antibodies were used as the source of antibody mRNA. Antigen-binding ability of both scFv- and Fab-displaying phage was confirmed by ELISA against human procollagenase. They were also analyzed by DNA sequencing to verify the fidelity of Pfu DNA polymerase and to identify the primer incorporated. The mutation rate was considerably reduced compared to the mutation rate achieved by Taq DNA polymerase. Primers are incorporated into target sequences in most cases.
Quality of Service (2012)

2. Latency. Latency, also known as delay, is a measure of the time it takes to traverse the network, including going through any intermediate routers. It represents the elapsed time between a sending node sending a packet and receiving node receiving that packet. For example, on my system, a local loopback (sending a packet back to the same machine) gives me a latency of 0.043 ms (milliseconds). The time to send a packet to a remote system on my LAN incurs a latency of 0.18 ms, sending a packet to Rutgers (about 30 km or 19 miles straight line distance) takes 11.6 ms, and sending a packet to IIT in Bangalore, India (about 13400 km or 8300 miles) takes 140 ms.
BISmark: a testbed for deploying measurements and applications in broadband access networks (2014)

BISmark (Broadband Internet Service Benchmark) is a deployment of home routers running custom software, and backend infrastructure to manage experiments and collect measurements. The project began in 2010 as an attempt to better understand the characteristics of broadband access networks. We have since deployed BISmark routers in hundreds of home networks in about thirty countries. BISmark is currently used and shared by researchers at nine institutions, including commercial Internet service providers, and has enabled studies of access link performance, network connectivity, Web page load times, and user behavior and activity. Research using BISmark and its data has informed both technical and policy research. This paper describes and revisits design choices we made during the platform's evolution and lessons we have learned from the deployment effort thus far. We also explain how BISmark enables experimentation, and our efforts to make it available to the networking community. We encourage researchers to contact us if they are interested in running experiments on BISmark.
Concept of using drogue chutes as a ship decelerator system (2010)

The aim of this paper is to present the concept of using drogue chutes as a suitable ship decelerator system in cases of emergency. This concept was studied by deploying and towing drogue chutes in various configurations under the required initial conditions. A feasibility trade study, previously completed, had concluded that clusters of drogue chutes were likely to be the most successful at meeting the deceleration requirements and logistical challenges of system staging and deployment. The original idea was to use clusters of chutes, entangled around the bow of the ship and deployed behind the stern of the vessel, to provide sufficient drag forces to reduce the momentum of the vessel. A first set of trials were performed at 1/10th scale to study the basic drag performance of the chutes in water (but near the water surface), possible interferences between chutes, and reduction of drag performance when the chutes are deployed in clusters. A second set of trials were performed at 1/8 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> scale to observe optimum chute number, trailing distance, and separation distance configurations as well as inflation dynamics of packed drogue parachutes deployed at full speed. The following findings are presented in this paper: the resultant drag coefficients (Cd) of the chutes as towed in various cluster configurations at various separation distances; the effects of the trailing distance on the Cd; and the stability of the chutes in various configurations. The requirements for the decelerator system were to provide the drag force required to decelerate a large vessel travelling >;20 knots to a significantly reduced speed in the shortest time possible in littoral waters of <; 40m-50m depth. A disabled propulsion system is assumed. Two basic chute configurations were studied; (i) having all the chutes positioned in tandem (i.e. in series) on a single tow riser, and (ii) having 2 tow risers, one on each side of the vessel, with chutes in tandem on each line. The study varied the trailing distance behind the stern before the first chute, and the separation distance between the chutes (i.e. canopy to canopy distance).
Inter-Laboratory Robustness of Next-Generation Bile Acid Study in Mice and Humans: International Ring Trial Involving 12 Laboratories (2016)

Abstract Background The increasing relevance of individual bile acids quantification in biological samples requires analytical standardization to guarantee robustness and reliability of laboratory results. We have organized the first international ring trial, carried out in 12 laboratories, to evaluate the newly developed LC-MS/MS–based test kit for bile acid analysis. Methods Each laboratory received a Biocrates® Bile Acids Kit including system suitability test (SST) protocol. The kit is designed to analyze 16 individual human and 19 mouse bile acids. A set of 9 human and mouse plasma samples was measured in replicates. Laboratories were first required to pass the acceptance criteria for the SST. Within the subset of laboratories passing SST criteria, we evaluated how many laboratories met the target criteria of 80% of reported values with a relative accuracy within the 70%–130% range and analytical precisions (%CV) below 30%. Results A total of 12 of 16 participating laboratories passed the SST as the prerequisite to enter the ring trial. All 12 laboratories were then able to successfully run the kit and ring trial samples. Of the overall reported values, 94% were within 70%–130% relative accuracy range. Mean precision was 8.3% CV. The condition of CV &lt;30% was fulfilled by 99% of the reported values. Conclusions The first publically available interlaboratory ring trial for standardized bile acids quantification in human and mouse plasma samples showed very good analytical performance, within acceptance criteria typically applied in the preclinical environment. The kit is therefore suitable for standardized quantitative bile acid analysis and the establishment of reference values.
The umpA gene of Escherichia coli encodes phosphatidylglycerol:prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (lgt) and regulates thymidylate synthase levels through translational coupling (1995)

Using a combination of biochemical, physical, and genetic techniques, we have shown that the umpA gene of Escherichia coli is allelic with the lgt (phosphatidylglycerol:prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase) of Salmonella typhimurium. These genes are essential for the viability of the respective organism and exhibit 92.8% sequence identity at the amino acid level. In E. coli, lgt and thyA (thymidylate synthase) form an operon. Thymidylate synthase levels are regulated by transcription from the lgt promoter and by translational coupling.
<i>Consed:</i> A Graphical Tool for Sequence Finishing (1998)

Sequencing of large clones or small genomes is generally done by the shotgun approach (Anderson et al. 1982). This has two phases: (1) a shotgun phase in which a number of reads are generated from random subclones and assembled into contigs, followed by (2) a directed, or finishing phase in which the assembly is inspected for correctness and for various kinds of data anomalies (such as contaminant reads, unremoved vector sequence, and chimeric or deleted reads), additional data are collected to close gaps and resolve low quality regions, and editing is performed to correct assembly or base-calling errors. Finishing is currently a bottleneck in large-scale sequencing efforts, and throughput gains will depend both on reducing the need for human intervention and making it as efficient as possible. We have developed a finishing tool, consed, which attempts to implement these principles. A distinguishing feature relative to other programs is the use of error probabilities from our programs phred and phrap as an objective criterion to guide the entire finishing process. More information is available at http:// www.genome.washington.edu/consed/consed. html.
Procurement Effects on Coopetition in Client-Contractor Relationships (2008)

Client-contractor relationships are often criticized for being competitive and adversarial, rather than cooperative. The main purpose of this paper is to examine how construction clients’ procurement procedures affect the balance between cooperation and competition (i.e., coopetition) in client-contractor relationships. The empirical results, based on a survey to 87 Swedish construction clients, show that clients’ procurement procedures facilitate a focus on competition. It was also found that clients’ earlier experience of a certain procedure heavily affects their procurement choices, thereby preserving old behaviors. Although two-thirds of the clients wish to increase cooperation with contractors, this does not affect their procurement decisions. This study therefore concludes that the theoretical framework, based on transaction cost economics, is correct in prescribing more cooperation than is empirically observed in the construction sector. The theoretical framework can increase clients’ awareness of how procurement affects cooperation and competition, thereby serving as a basis for more unbiased and systematic procurement decisions, facilitating cooperation-based coopetition.
Hydrogeochemistry and simulated solute transport, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado (1980)

57 31. Graph showing cumulative ground-water discharge distribution and dissolved-solids concentrations along Piceance and Yellow
Enhanced Light Output of GaN-Based Vertical Light-Emitting Diodes with Superimposed Circular Protrusions and Hexagonal Cones (2010)

A method was demonstrated for surface texturing through integrating ablation etching by KrF excimer laser irradiation and chemical wet etching designed to improve the light-extraction efficiency of vertically structured GaN-based light-emitting diodes (VLEDs). The fabricated VLEDs with the proposed surface roughening scheme exhibited an increase in light output power by 119.3 and 107% at 350 and , respectively, as compared to that of the flat-VLEDs. Such improvements could be attributed to the proposed method that creates a twofold surface roughness to maximize the angular randomization of photons at the emission surface significantly increases the surface area of VLEDs.
Any network, any terminal, anywhere [cellular radio] (1999)

In light of the current technology trends in the area of applications, wireless networks, and terminals, this article isolates a number of design requirements of future advanced mobile systems. We discuss research and standardization activities in the area of service support platforms and their corresponding application programming interfaces (API), where we especially focus on the wireless application protocol (WAP), Mobile Station Execution Environment (MExE), and HTTP-NG as candidates for the provision of mobile Internet services in cellular networks.
Analysis of the <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum dapA</i> Promoter (1999)

Deletion and mutational analysis of the promoter P-dapA from Corynebacterium glutamicum was performed to identify regions and particular nucleotides important for its function. An extended -10 region and a stretch of six T's at positions -55 to -50 were found to be the most important elements in the promoter function. The results of mutational analysis of P-dapA are consistent with the conclusions of statistical computer-aided analysis of 44 C. glutamicum promoter sequences.
Cavity-Integrated Ultra-Narrow Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector Based on a Thick Niobium Nitride Film (2012)

We propose a design for cavity-integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors based on 20-nm-wide 10-nm-thick nanowires. Our simulations show that these detectors can potentially reach ~90% device detection efficiency.
<i>ALK</i> rearrangement in sickle cell trait‐associated renal medullary carcinoma (2010)

Abstract Renal Medullary Carcinoma (RMC) is an aggressive malignancy that affects young black individuals with sickle cell trait. No effective treatment is available, resulting in an ominous clinical course, with overall survival averaging less than four months. We report rearrangement of the ALK receptor tyrosine kinase in a pediatric case of RMC harboring a t(2;10)(p23;q22) translocation. Mass spectrometry‐based proteomic evaluation identified a novel ALK oncoprotein in which the cytoskeletal protein vinculin (VCL) was fused to the ALK kinase domain. The resulting VCL‐ALK fusion does not contain known self‐association domains, but includes the talin binding domains of vinculin. We demonstrate coprecipitation of strongly tyrosine phosphorylated talins with the VCL‐ALK oncoprotein, suggesting that ALK oncogenic crossphosphorylation is mediated by interactions between neighboring VCL‐ALK proteins on a talin scaffold. This report widens the spectrum of ALK‐related tumors and ALK fusion partners, and provides a rationale for treating RMC with targeted ALK inhibitors. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design Of A Quasi-Optical Gyrotron With A Sheet Electron Beam (1988)

An electron gun has been designed to produce dual sheet electron beams to be used in a 1 MW, 120 GHz quasi-optical gyrotron. Initial design work was performed using the Herrmannsfeldt Code EGN. Final design and simulation was performed using the 3-dimensional ARGUS code. Use of a segmented sheet beam to optimize the efficiency has been examined.
Interarrival Histograms: A Method for Measuring Transmission Delays in 802.11 WLANs (2015)

Traditional measurement tools are not suitable for fine-grain performance evaluation of 802.11 wireless networks. To improve this situation, we have developed Interar-rival Histograms, a method for measuring transmission delays based on gathering statistics of interarrival inter-vals at a receiving station. By measuring a sufficient number of interarrival interval samples with a clock res-olution of 1 µs, the precision of estimating the mean transmission delay is well under one microsecond. Un-like other proposals, it does not require expensive custom-made cards, because it uses commercially available equip-ment. It allows flexible measurements not only of wire-less cards, but also of access points, which cannot be done with other proposed methods, unless one can instru-ment the access point kernel. In this paper, we describe the principles of the proposed method, derive the estim-ation error of measurements, and experimentally demon-strate its precision by applying it to the 100 Mb/s Ether-net. To illustrate the cases in which the method can help analyzing the complex behavior of 802.11 networks, we present measurements of several commercially available access points and wireless cards to show some anomalies and differences with the standard. 1.