gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Anode Thickness on the Performance of Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (1999)

Anode-supported cells comprising a three layer structure of a porous composite cathode of Sr-doped LaMnO3 (LSM) + yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ); a thin, dense YSZ electrolyte; and a porous Ni + YSZ anode were fabricated. The anode thickness was varied between ∼1.04 and ∼3.86 mm. The YSZ electrolyte thickness was ∼10 pm and the LSM + YSZ cathode thickness was ∼50 μm. The cells were tested at 800°C with humidified hydrogen as the fuel and air as the oxidant. The voltage (V) vs. current density (i) traces were nonlinear; concave-up (d2 V / di2 ≥ 0) at low current densities and convex-up (d2V / di2 ≤ 0) at high current densities. The maximum power density for a cell with an anode thickness of ∼1.04 mm was ∼1.9 W/cm2 and that for a cell with an anode thickness of ∼3.86 mm was ∼1.1 W/cm2. The measured short circuit current densities were -6.35 A/cm2 for a cell with an anode thickness of ∼1.04 mm and ∼3.56 A/cm2 for a cell with an anode thickness of ∼3.86 mm. The V vs. i traces were fitted to a previously developed theoretical model. The present work shows that anode-supported cells can be made with a relatively thick and rugged anode while still exhibiting an excellent power density at a temperature of 800°C.
ABATE: aeronautical satellite communications for on multimedia services (1997)

The paper provides the description of an advanced aeronautical satellite system, using the Ka frequency bands, under study by a European Team leaded by Alenia Aerospazio in the frame of the Advanced Communications Technology Service (ACTS) programs of the Commission of the European Communities. The project named ACTS Broadband Aeronautical Terminal Experiment (ABATE) pursues the following objectives: to perform feasibility studies relevant to advanced broadband aeronautical mobile communication system architecture meeting the service and terminal requirements defined by qualified satellite operators; to define the satellite channel models for the Ka band (20/30 GHz); to define a broadband aeronautical terminal and develop a prototype model; and to demonstrate bi-directional aeronautical interactive mobile multimedia service for passengers and crew with flexible data rate assignment, from few kbps up to 2 Mbps. The paper addresses the service requirements, system design and network architecture, terminals and technological/system trials. (7 pages)
Recognizing, in lateritic cover, detritus shed from the Archaean Gossan Hill Cu–Zn–Au volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposit,Western Australia (2007)

Cenozoic cover about the Golden Grove Gossan Hill volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) deposit consists of lateritic colluvium, remnants of lateritic duricrust, associated lateritic soils and lateritic gravels. Clasts in these materials were investigated for features diagnostic of the mineralized system. The pebble-sized clasts showed: (a) preservation of tuffaceous and other volcanic textures with relict cassiterite (an associate of the ore zone sulphides); (b) relict micrometre-scale Cu, Zn, As or Pb sulphide inclusions in quartz; (c) micrometre-scale gold grains; (d) interpreted ferruginous pseudomorphs after base metal sulphides; and (e) elevated trace amounts of Cu, As, Zn or, more rarely, Sb or Bi in the core matrix of clasts, and in cutans on some of the clasts. All samples studied from an area extending laterally c. 600 m from the central strike of the VHMS ore system are positive, despite intensive weathering, to one or more of these diagnostic criteria. The background samples (2 km to 5 km from the ore system) are negative to all the criteria. A qualitative indication of proximity to the ore system can be derived by listing the occurrence of each of the diagnostic criteria within mineralized clasts in individual samples. A more specialized case of general models for interface sampling is proposed for exploring areas of thick transported cover in deeply weathered terrain. The model focuses on recognizing the described diagnostic criteria in basal cover from samples provided by drill core or cuttings.
Respiratory effect on the pulse spectrum (2003)

During the last decade, progressive achievements in haemodynamics have shown that radial artery pulse pressure can be used to estimate the vascular properties of the internal organs. Clinical experiments have shown that slow and regular respiration has a large effect on the heart rate variability (HRV). This phenomenon is called respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). It is known that respiration-related oscillations in venous return cause oscillations in stroke volume and blood pressure. It also can be inferred from cardiac output that systemic blood pressure has a similar respiration-related cycle. Moreover we found that the fluctuations of harmonics of arterial pulse are consistent with the fluctuation of HRV. This means that the whole cardiovascular system (CVS) makes rapid adaptation during respiration, and the harmonic proportions of arterial pulse were modified during different breath rates. This result shows that the regular respiration also has a large effect upon Windkessel properties of CVS.
Synthetic Generation of High-Dimensional Datasets (2011)

Generation of synthetic datasets is a common practice in many research areas. Such data is often generated to meet specific needs or certain conditions that may not be easily found in the original, real data. The nature of the data varies according to the application area and includes text, graphs, social or weather data, among many others. The common process to create such synthetic datasets is to implement small scripts or programs, restricted to small problems or to a specific application. In this paper we propose a framework designed to generate high dimensional datasets. Users can interactively create and navigate through multi dimensional datasets using a suitable graphical user-interface. The data creation is driven by statistical distributions based on a few user-defined parameters. First, a grounding dataset is created according to given inputs, and then structures and trends are included in selected dimensions and orthogonal projection planes. Furthermore, our framework supports the creation of complex non-orthogonal trends and classified datasets. It can successfully be used to create synthetic datasets simulating important trends as multidimensional clusters, correlations and outliers.
Physical properties of selected brazing filler metals (2004)

A suitable selection of the filler metal is vital for producing satisfactory brazed joints. The wettability of brazing alloys with base metals depends on physical properties such as surface tension, density, melting point, and viscosity. Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity are also important since the filler metal is frequently required to have similar values to those of the base metal. In the present paper, the physical properties of liquid alloys relevant to brazing have been evaluated. Six different filler metal systems were analysed, comprising alloys based on Ag, Al, Au, Cu, Ni, and Ti. Results show that the viscosity values for most binary brazing filler alloys are of the order of 2–8 mPa s, with Cu and Al alloys exhibiting the lowest viscosities. The surface tensions of brazing alloys vary from 800 to 1800 mN m -1 , with the lowest surface tension values corresponding to the Ag and Al alloys. Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity values fall in the range 10–200 W m -1 K -1 and 17–300 μΩ cm, respectively.
Mems 3-D scan mirror for an endoscopic confocal microscope (2005)

Optical MEMS is at a very exciting stage and has become an enabling technology for a variety of applications in telecommunications and high-resolution display and imaging. Among many novel MEMS devices, MEMS scanners and deformable membrane mirrors are especially useful for scanned-beam imaging systems. MEMS scanners are usually used for laser beam scanning. Deformable mirrors provide an approach to modify the optical wavefront adaptively. In optical microsystems, packaging is often a critical part of the system design. Combining functionalities at a single device can reduce complexity of the system. Biaxial beam scanning and focus control are combined together in the MEMS 3-D scan mirror. The mirror surface is made of a goldcoated silicon nitride deformable membrane and works as a positive lens of variable focal length. The membrane sits on a torsional plate that can scan about two orthogonal axes. This architecture is able to move the focus of a laser beam throughout a threedimensional space with a single optical surface. The overall size of the 3-D mirror is 1.5 mm with a usable optical aperture of 0.7 mm. Both the inner and outer scanning axes achieved more than 5o zero-to-peak mechanical scan angles; the deformable membrane achieved a maximum center displacement of more than 3.7 æm, corresponding to an adjustable focal length from infinity to approximately 8 mm. For a confocal laser scanning microscope with illumination wavelength at 500 nm, they provide Nx = Ny = 488 resolvable spots for lateral resolution, and Nz = 32 depth-of-focus distances for depth resolution. To drive the 3-D mirror, the inner axis is operated near resonance (~ 650 Hz); and the outer axis quasi-statically. Operating the outer axis at 2 Hz provides a line resolution of 325 lines/frame at a refresh rate of 2 frames/second. The performance of the 3-D mirror is well matched to the intended application of endoscopic confocal microscopy, and similar devices could prove useful in a variety of optical microsystems needing beam scanning and focus control. This dissertation describes the design, fabrication, characterization, imaging experiment and target applications of the MEMS 3- D scan mirror.
Fibre optic distributed temperature sensing using IOFDR (2004)

A distributed temperature sensor based on spontaneous Raman scattering in a single-mode fiber is demonstrated. A brief theoretical description of the IOFDR technique for spatial resolution of the backscattered waves is given. Measurements on 16 km of SM fiber with spatial resolution of around 2m are presented. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this represents a new record for an IOFDR system. An accuracy of ±2K is achieved.
Architecture-Based Multiscale Computational Modeling of Plant Cell Wall Mechanics to Examine the Hydrogen-Bonding Hypothesis of the Cell Wall Network Structure Model (2012)

A primary plant cell wall network was computationally modeled using the finite element approach to study the hypothesis of hemicellulose (HC) tethering with the cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) as one of the major load-bearing mechanisms of the growing cell wall. A computational primary cell wall network fragment (10 × 10 μm) comprising typical compositions and properties of CMFs and HC was modeled with well-aligned CMFs. The tethering of HC to CMFs is modeled in accordance with the strength of the hydrogen bonding by implementing a specific load-bearing connection (i.e. the joint element). The introduction of the CMF-HC interaction to the computational cell wall network model is a key to the quantitative examination of the mechanical consequences of cell wall structure models, including the tethering HC model. When the cell wall network models with and without joint elements were compared, the hydrogen bond exhibited a significant contribution to the overall stiffness of the cell wall network fragment. When the cell wall network model was stretched 1% in the transverse direction, the tethering of CMF-HC via hydrogen bonds was not strong enough to maintain its integrity. When the cell wall network model was stretched 1% in the longitudinal direction, the tethering provided comparable strength to maintain its integrity. This substantial anisotropy suggests that the HC tethering with hydrogen bonds alone does not manifest sufficient energy to maintain the integrity of the cell wall during its growth (i.e. other mechanisms are present to ensure the cell wall shape).
A single molecule immunoassay by localized surface plasmon resonance (2010)

Noble metal nanoparticles exhibit sharp spectral extinction peaks at visible and near-infrared frequencies due to the resonant excitation of their free electrons, termed localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Since the resonant frequency is dependent on the refractive index of the nanoparticle surroundings, LSPR can be the basis for sensing molecular interactions near the nanoparticle surface. However, previous studies have not yet determined whether the LSPR mechanism can reach the ultimate sensing limit: the detection of individual molecules. Here we demonstrate single molecule LSPR detection by monitoring antibody-antigen unbinding events through the scattering spectra of individual gold bipyramids. Both experiments and finite element simulations indicate that the unbinding of single antigen molecules results in small, discrete < 0.5 nm blue-shifts of the plasmon resonance. The unbinding rate is consistent with antibody-antigen binding kinetics determined from previous ensemble experiments. According to these results, the effective refractive index of a single protein is approximately 1.54. LSPR sensing could therefore be a powerful addition to the current toolbox of single molecule detection methods since it probes interactions on long timescales and under relatively natural conditions.
Structural dependence of the tunnel magnetoresistance for magnetic tunnel junctions with a full-Heusler Co2Fe(Al,Si) electrode (2006)

We have investigated the crystal structure and magnetic moment of the Co2FeAl and Co2FeSi films deposited onto thermally oxidized Si and MgO(100) single-crystal substrates, and the structural effect on the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) of the magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) using a Co2FeZ (Z=Al or Si). The structure was changed by the substrate and postannealing temperatures, in which the fully epitaxial and polycrystalline Co2FeAl and Co2FeSi films were obtained with the different disorder structure. The magnetic moment of Co2FeAl films was found to be uninfluenced by the crystal structure. Spin-valve-type MTJs consisting of Co2FeZ(100nm)∕Al(1.2nm)-oxide∕Co75Fe25(2nm)∕IrMn(10nm)∕Ta(60nm) were fabricated (Z=Al or Si) on thermally oxidized Si and MgO(100) single-crystal substrates. The maximum TMR obtained is about 50% at room temperature for MTJs with Co2FeAl films, regardless of the crystal structure of Co2FeAl.
323. Stereoisomeric pairs of cyclic quaternary ammonium salts. Part IV. Interconversion of N-benzyl-N-methyl quaternary iodides in hot chloroform, and general theoretical discussion of reactions involving a change between co-ordination numbers 3 and 4 at a six-ring atom (1965)

J. McKenna, J. M. McKenna and J. White, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 1733 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650001733
A Fatality Involving AH-7921 (2014)

A case is presented of a 19-year-old white male who was found dead in bed by a friend. While no anatomic cause of death was observed at autopsy, toxicological analysis of his blood identified AH-7921, a synthetic opioid. AH-7921 was isolated by liquid-liquid extraction into n-butyl chloride from alkalinized samples. Extracts were analyzed and quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode. The heart blood had an AH-7921 concentration of 3.9 mg/L and the peripheral blood concentration was 9.1 mg/L. In addition to the blood, all submitted postmortem specimens including urine, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung, brain, bile and stomach content were quantified. The following concentrations of AH-7921 were reported: 6.0 mg/L in urine, 26 mg/kg in liver, 7.2 mg/kg in kidney, 8.0 mg/kg in spleen, 5.1 mg/kg in heart, 21 mg/kg in lung, 7.7 mg/kg in brain, 17 mg/L in bile and 120 mg/125 mL in the stomach content. The medical examiner reported that the cause of death was opioid intoxication and the manner of death was accident.
Fiber optic high voltage probe (2003)

The authors developed a fiber coupled sensor to measure high voltages (/spl sim/45 kV) directly using only light as the probe. They use the Pockels effect in lithium niobate crystals which induces a phase shift in a laser beam that varies according to applied voltage. This can then be transformed into a modulation of beam intensity by polarizers, interferometery or waveguide coupling. No voltage dividers are necessary, nor is any physical connection. This is accomplished by taking advantage of the structure of the power system itself, using voltage planes and dielectric insulation already present as the capacitive voltage divider. They hypothesize a bandwidth from GHz to DC. Such a system could be used in any application that calls for isolated and unobtrusive voltage sensing.
UV LASER-ASSISTED DIAMOND DEPOSITION (2014)

Diamond, due to its unique properties, has been studied for decades. Many diamond synthesis methods have been developed as well. As one of the synthesis methods, combustion flame chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is considered as the most flexible way. Combined with laser irradiation, laser-assisted combustion flame CVD can enhance the deposition process of diamond films. In this thesis work, efforts were made to explore the capability of a laser-assisted combustion flame CVD technique with krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer laser irradiation for improving diamond thin film quality and deposition rate. The research efforts mainly focus on following activities, including: 1) studying the influence of the gap distance between the inner flame and the substrates on crystallographic orientations, quality and deposition rate of the diamond film to determine the optimal parameters for the deposition; 2) conducting in-situ KrF excimer laser irradiation during the deposition process to increase the quality and the growth rate of the diamond film with the optimal deposition parameters, which includes excimer laser irradiation on the diamond film and on the combustion flame; 3) applying post-growth KrF excimer laser irradiation on diamond films, which is aiming to understand and verify the effect of KrF excimer laser irradiation on the diamond film during the deposition. A multi-torch combustion flame CVD was also developed for increasing the efficiency of depositing large-area diamond thin films. Diamond thin films have been deposited on tungsten carbide (WC) by the laser-assisted combustion-flame CVD technique in open atmosphere. A KrF excimer laser was used in the process to: 1) achieve energy coupling into combustion flame; 2) influence species proportions in the combustion flame; 3) promote seeding and nucleation process during diamond film deposition; 4) increase the diamond thin film quality and deposition rate through non-diamond carbon removal. Observations from experimental results confirmed that excimer laser irradiation could promote seeding and nucleation of diamond, growth rate and diamond quality. Furthermore, by changing the gap distance, the crystallographic orientations of diamond films can be controlled successfully and the optimal gap distance for diamond deposition can also be found. With applying a multi-torch setup in laser-assisted combustion flame CVD method, large-area diamond thin films were synthesized efficiently. Adviser: Yongfeng Lu
Oat History: Identification and Classification (1977)

Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries
Despeckling SAR images using wavelets and a new class of adaptive shrinkage estimators (2002)

We propose an efficient and fast wavelet based technique for speckle removal from SAR images. It relies on realistic distributions of the wavelet coefficients which represent mainly speckle noise on the one hand and those that represent the useful signal corrupted by speckle on the other. We propose analytic models for these distributions, and compute their parameters automatically from a given SAR image. The resulting algorithm strongly suppresses speckle, while preserving image details and sharpness.
An N of 1 Service: Applying the Scientific Method in Clinical Practice (1988)

The N of 1 service at our institution acts as a full referral service for clinicians who want a definitive answer to a difficult management question, and an instructional environment for clinicians who have more time and want to learn to run their own N of 1 RCT. The trial design is a double blind, randomized pair, multiple crossover. A number of methodologic issues are discussed, such as appropriateness of the patients problem to N of 1 trials, feasibility, types of measurement, such as clinical objective measurement and quality of life measurement, as well as timing of these measurements. The analysis issues include developing a reporting method which is statistically powerful and understandable to clinicians with little research background. Some of these issues have been well investigated and some have not.
Pirfenidone Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inhibiting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway (2017)

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most important cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Pirfenidone is an orally available small molecule with therapeutic potential for fibrotic diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we analyzed the effects of different pirfenidone concentrations on the proliferation of HepG2 HCC cells using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry was performed to measure the apoptotic effects of pirfenidone on HepG2 cells. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of β-catenin and p-β-catenin. RESULTS Pirfenidone inhibited proliferation and promoted HepG2 cell apoptosis. In addition, Western blot results indicated that pirfenidone suppressed b-catenin expression in HepG2 cells. To assess the mechanism, we treated HepG2 cells with pirfenidone, and pirfenidone plus the β-catenin activator, SB-216763. The results revealed that SB-216763 accelerated proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in HepG2 cells treated with pirfenidone. Western blot results showed that SB-216763 upregulated β-catenin expression in HepG2 cells treated with pirfenidone. CONCLUSIONS In conclusions, pirfenidone may be a potential drug for HCC treatment.
Noradrenergic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (2015)

The brain noradrenergic system supplies the neurotransmitter norepinephrine throughout the brain via widespread efferent projections, and plays a pivotal role in modulating cognitive activities in the cortex. Profound noradrenergic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been observed for decades, with recent research suggesting that the locus coeruleus (where noradrenergic neurons are mainly located) is a predominant site where AD-related pathology begins. Mounting evidence indicates that the loss of noradrenergic innervation greatly exacerbates AD pathogenesis and progression, although the precise roles of noradrenergic components in AD pathogenesis remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize current findings on noradrenergic dysfunction in AD, as well as to point out deficiencies in our knowledge where more research is needed.