gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transparent Sintered Corundum with High Hardness and Strength (2003)

Commercial corundum powder and a liquid‐shaping approach are used for manufacturing complex hollow components and large flat windows of sintered and hot isostatically pressed Al 2 O 3 ceramics having grain sizes of 0.4–0.6 μm at relative densities of >99.9%. High macrohardness (HV10 = 20–21 GPa) and four‐point bending strength (600–700 MPa; 750–900 MPa in three‐point bending) are associated with a real in‐line transmission of 55%–65% through polished plates. The submicrometer microstructure and the optical properties can be retained for use at >1100°C using dopants that shift the sintering temperature to high values without additional grain growth.
AP39, a Mitochondria‐Targeted Hydrogen Sulfide Donor, Supports Cellular Bioenergetics and Protects against Alzheimer’s Disease by Preserving Mitochondrial Function in APP/PS1 Mice and Neurons (2016)

Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial functions are altered in AD and play an important role in AD pathogenesis. It has been established that H2S homeostasis is balanced in AD. The emerging mitochondrial roles of H2S include antioxidation, antiapoptosis, and the modulation of cellular bioenergetics. Here, using primary neurons from the well-characterized APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model, we studied the effects of AP39 (a newly synthesized mitochondrially targeted H2S donor) on mitochondrial function. AP39 increased intracellular H2S levels, mainly in mitochondrial regions. AP39 exerted dose-dependent effects on mitochondrial activity in APP/PS1 neurons, including increased cellular bioenergy metabolism and cell viability at low concentrations (25-100 nM) and decreased energy production and cell viability at a high concentration (250 nM). Furthermore, AP39 (100 nM) increased ATP levels, protected mitochondrial DNA, and decreased ROS generation. AP39 regulated mitochondrial dynamics, shifting from fission toward fusion. After 6 weeks, AP39 administration to APP/PS1 mice significantly ameliorated their spatial memory deficits in the Morris water maze and NORT and reduced Aβ deposition in their brains. Additionally, AP39 inhibited brain atrophy in APP/PS1 mice. Based on these results, AP39 was proposed as a promising drug candidate for AD treatment, and its anti-AD mechanism may involve protection against mitochondrial damage.
Effect of Heparin on Thrombin Inhibition in the Microcirculation (1993)

Disappearance of thrombin enzymatic activity was measured during recirculation through the microvasculature in a rat Langendorff heart preparation. This resulted in a 50% loss of thrombin from the recirculating solution. No increased loss of thrombin could be demonstrated if a mixture of antithrombin III and thrombin was recirculated, compared to thrombin alone. If, however, a heparin/thrombin mixture was recirculated, a 90% loss of thrombin could be demonstrated. Pretreating the microvasculature with large amounts of heparin resulted in recovery of antithrombin III in the recirculated heparin solution. At a subsequent recirculation with a heparin/thrombin mixture the loss of thrombin was decreased to the control level, as seen when recirculation with thrombin alone was performed. It is concluded that disappearance of thrombin enzymatic activity from a solution when recirculated through the microcirculation can be considerably increased if recirculated together with heparin, which probably reacts with endogenous antithrombin III on the vessel wall. The disappearance of thrombin in the absence of heparin was, however, unaffected by antithrombin III. The latter finding is compatible with the hypothesis that, in the microcirculation, antithrombin III/glycosaminoglycans play only a minor role for inhibition of thrombin coagulant activity and that thrombin binds mainly to thrombomodulin.
Löslichkeits‐ und Stabilitätsverbesserung von Thalidomid durch Bildung von Einschlußkomplexen mit Cyclodextrinen (1988)

Abstract Das in Wasser nur schlecht lösliche und infolge spontaner Hydrolyse in Lösung auch nicht haltbare Thalidomid ( 1 ) bildet mit β‐ und γ‐Cyclodextrin relativ stabile Einschlußkomplexe. Die Löslichkeit in Wasser kann da‐durch bis zum Fünffachen erhöht werden. Die Halbwertszeit der Hydrolyse bei pH 8.5 steigt von weniger als 1 min bei nicht‐komplexiertem 1 auf 170 bzw. 30 min beim β‐ bzw. γ‐Cyclodextrin‐Komplex an. α‐Cyclodextrin hingegen verbessert die Löslichkeit von 1 nur unwesentlich, seine Stabilität überhaupt nicht.
Stabilization of Tollmien–Schlichting waves by finite amplitude optimal streaks in the Blasius boundary layer (2002)

In this Letter we show by numerical simulation that streamwise streaks of sufficiently large amplitude are able to stabilize Tollmien–Schlichting waves in zero pressure gradient boundary layers at least up to Re=1000. This stabilization is due to the spanwise averaged part of the nonlinear basic flow distortion induced by the streaks and occurs for streak amplitudes lower than the critical threshold beyond which secondary inflectional instability is observed. A new control strategy is implemented using optimal perturbations in order to generate the streaks.
Exo-Skeletal Engine: Novel Engine Concept (2003)

The Exo-Skeletal Engine concept represents a new radical engine technology with the potential for a substantial revolution in engine design. It is an all composite drum rotor engine in which conventional heavy shafts and discs are eliminated and are replaced by rotating casings that support the blades in spanwise compression. Thus the rotating blades are in compression rather than in tension. The resulting open channel at the engine centerline has immense potential for jet noise reduction, and can also accommodate an inner combined-cycle thruster such as a ramjet. The Exo-Skeletal Engine is described in some detail with respect to geometry, components and potential benefits. Initial evaluation, results for drum rotors, bearings and weights are summarized. Component configuration, assembly plan and potential fabrication processes are also identified. A finite element model of the assembled engine and its major components are described. Preliminary results obtained thus far show at least 30 percent reduction of engine weight and about 10 db noise reduction, compared to a baseline conventional high bypass-ratio engine. Potential benefits in all aspects of engine technology are identified and tabulated. Quantitative assessments of potential benefits are in progress.
A study on session setup for group communications in push-to-talk over cellular using rich presence (2007)

The IMS-based, half-duplex push-to-talk over cellular (PoC) service provides a cost-efficient, interactive, and global-reach service for group and individual communications. The media types for PoC users can be voice, video, images, and text messages. Presence service is widely used and is often bundled with PoC and instant messaging (IM) to indicate other users' availability and willingness of communications. In this paper, we investigate the session setup procedure for the PoC group communications within OMA PoC infrastructure and propose a method to optimize the initiation of a PoC prearranged group session using rich presence information. With this method, the SIP signaling traffic and session delay are significantly reduced.
Fuzzy and neural network controller (2002)

There are many applications of fuzzy control to practical systems such as electric appliances and factory automation in Japan. On the other hand, applications of neural networks to military and industrial fields attract a lot of researchers in the United States. It is suggested that the two approaches be combined and applied to control problems. The use of both methods is recommended for the construction of intelligent controllers (for example, autonomous or self-organizing controllers). Intelligent controllers are summarized. Fuzzy control is illustrated in a tutorial fashion by a simple example. The design and practical aspects of fuzzy control are examined. Neural networks applied to control problems are discussed. By combining the two methodologies, self-organizing controller can be constructed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laser Action in Neodymium-Doped Glass at 137 Microns (1964)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Paul B. Mauer, "Laser Action in Neodymium-Doped Glass at 1.37 Microns," Appl. Opt. 3, 153-153 (1964) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>sp</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>hybridization ratio in amorphous carbon from C<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:math>core-level shifts: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles calculation (2001)

Using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, we address C $1s$ core-level shifts in amorphous carbon. Experimental results are obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) on thin-film samples of different atomic density, obtained by a pulsed-laser deposition growth process. The XPS spectra are deconvoluted into two contributions, which are attributed to ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$- and ${\mathrm{sp}}^{3}$-hybridized atoms, respectively, separated by 0.9 eV, independent of atomic density. The ${\mathrm{sp}}^{3}$ hybridization content extracted from XPS is consistent with the atomic density derived from the plasmon energy in the EELS spectrum. In our theoretical study, we generate several periodic model structures of amorphous carbon of different densities applying two schemes of increasing accuracy in sequence. We first use a molecular-dynamics approach, based on an environmental-dependent tight-binding Hamiltonian to quench the systems from the liquid phase. The final model structures are then obtained by further atomic relaxation using a first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave approach within density-functional theory. Within the latter framework, we also calculate carbon $1s$ core-level shifts for our disordered model structures. We find that the shifts associated to threefold- and fourfold- coordinated carbon atoms give rise to two distinct peaks separated by about 1.0 eV, independent of density, in close agreement with experimental observations. This provides strong support for decomposing the XPS spectra into two peaks resulting from ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$- and ${\mathrm{sp}}^{3}$-hybridized atoms. Core-hole relaxations effects account for about 30% of the calculated shifts.
<b><i>PTEN</i></b> deletion and heme oxygenase‐1 overexpression cooperate in prostate cancer progression and are associated with adverse clinical outcome (2011)

Overexpression of the pro-survival protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and loss of the pro-apoptotic tumour suppressor PTEN are common events in prostate cancer (PCA). We assessed the occurrence of both HO-1 expression and PTEN deletion in two cohorts of men with localized and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The phenotypic cooperation of these markers was examined in preclinical and clinical models. Overall, there was a statistically significant difference in HO-1 epithelial expression between benign, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), localized PCA, and CRPC (p < 0.0001). The highest epithelial HO-1 expression was noted in CRPC (2.00 ± 0.89), followed by benign prostate tissue (1.49 ± 1.03) (p = 0.0003), localized PCA (1.20 ± 0.95), and HGPIN (1.07 ± 0.87) (p < 0.0001). However, the difference between HGPIN and PCA was not statistically significant (p = 0.21). PTEN deletions were observed in 35/55 (63.6%) versus 68/183 (37.1%) cases of CRPC and localized PCA, respectively. Although neither HO-1 overexpression nor PTEN deletions alone in localized PCA showed a statistically significant association with PSA relapse, the combined status of both markers correlated with disease progression (log-rank test, p = 0.01). In a preclinical model, inhibition of HO-1 by shRNA in PTEN-deficient PC3M cell line and their matched cells where PTEN is restored strongly reduced cell growth and invasion in vitro and inhibited tumour growth and lung metastasis formation in mice compared to cells where only HO-1 is inhibited or PTEN is restored. In summary, we provide clinical and experimental evidence for cooperation between epithelial HO-1 expression and PTEN deletions in relation to the PCA patient's outcome. These findings could potentially lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic modalities for advanced PCA.
Endocrine profiles of male workers with exposure to trichloroethylene (1997)

The objective of this study was to examine the endocrine profiles of a group of male workers chronically exposed to trichloroethylene (TCE) in an electronics factory. A total of 124 workers participated in a preliminary study, for which 85 satisfied the selection criteria and were recruited to take part in a more detailed study. Each of the 85 workers had urine collected and analyzed for trichloroacetic acids (TCA) on the day blood was taken for analysis of serum testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Environmental TCE exposures were conducted for 12 workers. The geometric mean concentration of environmental TCE was 29.6 ppm (range 9-131) and the mean urine TCA was 22.4 mg/g creatinine (range 0.8-136.4). The results showed that years of exposure to TCE were significantly correlated with DHEAS and negatively correlated with SHBG and T levels. Serum FSH, T, and SHBG levels showed a gradual decline with increasing years of exposure to TCE. This dose-response decrease indicated that there was a disruption of peripheral endocrine function. This disruption could be a result of TCE-induced liver malfunction. The most dramatic change was that the increase in DHEAS concentration was associated with years of exposure to TCE, rising from 255 to 717.8 ng/ml for < 3 to > or = 7 years exposure, respectively. This evidence suggests that chronic exposure to TCE may also affect adrenal function. These findings, however, must be confirmed by further investigations.
Folding of a pressure-denatured model protein (1999)

The noncovalent complex formed by the association of two fragments of chymotrypsin inhibitor-2 is reversibly denatured by pressure in the absence of chemical denaturants. On pressure release, the complex returned to its original conformation through a biphasic reaction, with first-order rate constants of 0.012 and 0.002 s-1, respectively. The slowest phase arises from an interconversion of the pressure-denatured state, as revealed by double pressure-jump experiments. Below 5 microM, the process was concentration dependent with a second-order rate constant of 1,700 s-1 M-1. Fragment association at atmospheric pressure showed a similar break in the order of the reaction above 5 microM, but both first- and second-order folding/association rates are 2.5 times faster than those for the refolding of the pressure-denatured state. Although the folding rates of the intact protein and the association of the fragments displayed nonlinear Eyring behavior for the temperature dependence, refolding of the pressure-denatured complex showed a linear response. The negligible heat capacity of activation reflects a balance of minimal change in the burial of residues from the pressure-denatured state to the transition state. If we add the higher energy barrier in the refolding of the pressure-denatured state, the rate differences must lie in the structure of this state, which has to undergo a structural rearrangement. This clearly differs from the conformational flexibility of the isolated fragments or the largely unfolded denatured state of the intact protein in acid and provides insight into denatured states of proteins under folding conditions.
Logical foundations of object-oriented and frame-based languages (1995)

We propose a novel formalism, called Frame Logic (abbr., F-logic), that accounts in a clean and declarative fashion for most of the structural aspects of object-oriented and frame-based languages. These features include object identity, complex objects, inheritance, polymorphic types, query methods, encapsulation, and others. In a sense, F-logic stands in the same relationship to the object-oriented paradigm as classical predicate calculus stands to relational programming. F-logic has a model-theoretic semantics and a sound and complete resolution-based proof theory. A small number of fundamental concepts that come from object-oriented programming have direct representation in F-logic; other, secondary aspects of this paradigm are easily modeled as well. The paper also discusses semantic issues pertaining to programming with a deductive object-oriented language based on a subset of F-logic.
Macronet isoporous gels through crosslinking of dissolved polystyrene (1974)

Abstract Macronet isoporous polystyrene gels, obtained by cross‐linking of linear polystyrene in solution with p ‐xylylenedichloride or 4, 4′‐bis‐chloromethylbiphenyl, differ from conventional styrene‐divinylbenzene (DVB) copolymers by high solvent‐uptake capacity, high inner surface area, and the ability to increase their volume in any solvent, including hexane, methanol, and water.
Frameworks for component-based client/server computing (1998)

article Free AccessFrameworks for component-based client/server computing Author: Scott M. Lewandowski Brown Univ., Providence, RI Brown Univ., Providence, RIView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 30Issue 1pp 3–27https://doi.org/10.1145/274440.274441Published:01 March 1998Publication History 113citation5,693DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations113Total Downloads5,693Last 12 Months317Last 6 weeks67 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Optical Simulation and Fabrication of Near-Ultraviolet LEDs on a Roughened Backside GaN Substrate (2012)

In this letter, the numerical and experimental demonstrations for enhancement of light extraction efficiency in near-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a roughened backside on the N-face surface of GaN substrate through a chemical wet-etching process are investigated. It was also found that the increased etching time can increase the height of hexagonal pyramids and decrease the density of hexagonal pyramids. With 20-mA injection current, it was found that forward voltages were 3.13 and 3.16 V while output powers were 13.15 and 27.18 mW for the conventional LED and roughened backside LED, respectively.
UTILISATION DE DIFFÉRENTS PRODUITS ODORANTS DE SYNTHÈSE POUR FACILITER LA DÉTECTION DES CHALEURS CHEZ LA TRUIE (1975)

L'efficacit de divers drivs odorants pour faciliter l'apparition de la raction caractris- tique d'immobilisation de la truie en œstrus a t mise l'preuve dans les conditions pratiques de l'insmination artificielle. Parmi les produits mis l'essai, trois ont une action comparable celle de l'odeur du verrat. De plus, le taux de gestation obtenu aprs insmination des truies dont l'immobilit a t ainsi induite est nettement amlior.
A set of inducible genes expressed by activated human monocytic and endothelial cells contain kappa B-like sites that specifically bind c-Rel-p65 heterodimers. (1994)

NF-kappa B/Rel proteins regulate the inducible expression of many genes in activated monocytes and endothelial cells that contain decameric kappa B and kappa B-like binding sites. In this study, we examined the binding of c-Rel-p65 heterodimers to non-consensus kappa B-like sites from several genes that do not bind prototypic NF-kappa B(p50-p65). c-Rel-p65 heterodimers from both monocytic and endothelial cells bound to the kappa B-like sites in the interleukin-8, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and tissue factor genes but not to a closely related sequence in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor gene. In contrast, kappa B sites in the endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and Ig kappa genes that match the kappa B consensus, 5'-GGGRNNYYCC-3' (where R indicates A or G, Y indicates C or T, and N indicates any base), bound NF-kappa B(p50-p65). Comparison of the kappa B-like sites indicated that c-Rel-p65 heterodimers bound to a consensus sequence, 5'-HGGARNYYCC-3' (where R indicates A or G, Y indicates C or T, H indicates A, C, or T, and N indicates any base), which differs at position 1 from the kappa B consensus established for binding NF-kappa B(p50-p65) and other members of the NF-kappa B/Rel family. The selective binding of c-Rel-p65 heterodimers to kappa B-like sites in this set of genes may play a central role in regulating inducible gene expression in monocytes and endothelial cells.
An experimental 1.5-V 64-Mb DRAM (1991)

Low-voltage circuit technologies for higher-density dynamic RAMs (DRAMs) and their application to an experimental 64-Mb DRAM with a 1.5-V internal operating voltage are presented. A complementary current sensing scheme is proposed to reduce data transmission delay. A speed improvement of 20 ns was achieved when utilizing a 1.5-V power supply. An accurate and speed-enhanced half-V/sub CC/ voltage generator with a current-mirror amplifier and tri-state buffer is proposed. With it, a response time reduction of about 1.5 decades was realized. A word-line driver with a charge-pump circuit was developed to achieve a high boost ratio. A ratio of about 1.8 was obtained from a power supply voltage as low as 1.0 V. A 1.28 mu m/sup 2/ crown-shaped stacked-capacitor (CROWN) cell was also made to ensure a sufficient storage charge and to minimize data-line interference noise. An experimental 1.5 V 64 Mb DRAM was designed and fabricated with these technologies and 0.3 mu m electron-beam lithography. A typical access time of 70 ns was obtained, and a further reduction of 50 ns is expected based on simulation results. Thus, a high-speed performance, comparable to that of 16-Mb DRAMs, can be achieved with a typical power dissipation of 44 mW, one tenth that of 16-Mb DRAMs. This indicates that a low-voltage battery operation is a promising target for future DRAMs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>