gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Re‐engineering hospital emergency rooms: an information system approach (1997)

The efficiency and effectiveness of hospital emergency rooms depend on the effectiveness of the information and communication system as well as on the physical facility itself. Describes the role of information technology in the design of contemporary ER systems. A computerized information board is one system that can enhance the operation of an ER facility. Describes the structure of this system, as well as its integration with other computerized systems. Also describes design features that may help to reduce ER delays/frustration. Because many types of professionals are involved in the daily operations of an ER facility, their input to the design is essential. For this reason, also describes a group decision-making process.
Toxic effects of mycotoxins in humans. (1999)

Mycotoxicoses are diseases caused by mycotoxins, i.e. secondary metabolites of moulds. Although they occur more frequently in areas with a hot and humid climate, favourable for the growth of moulds, they can also be found in temperate zones. Exposure to mycotoxins is mostly by ingestion, but also occurs by the dermal and inhalation routes. Mycotoxicoses often remain unrecognized by medical professionals, except when large numbers of people are involved. The present article reviews outbreaks of mycotoxicoses where the mycotoxic etiology of the disease is supported by mycotoxin analysis or identification of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Epidemiological, clinical and histological findings (when available) in outbreaks of mycotoxicoses resulting from exposure to aflatoxins, ergot, trichothecenes, ochratoxins, 3-nitropropionic acid, zearalenone and fumonisins are discussed.
Synthesis, Film-Forming, and Electronic Properties of <i>o</i>-Phenylenediamine Copolymers Displaying An Uncommon Tricolor (2007)

Novel electrochromic copolymers from o-phenylenediamine (oPD) with aniline (ANi) were facilely synthesized by a chemical oxidative polymerization. The synthesis, structure, and properties of the copolymers were systematically studied by changing oPD content and polymerization temperature. The dependence of the polymerization yield at 70 °C on the oPD content is quite different from that at 17 °C, indicating that the copolymerization between the oPD and ANi comonomers varies significantly with polymerization temperature, whereas the conductivity and solubility of the copolymers obtained at 17 and 70 °C demonstrate similar dependency of the oPD content. The reactivity ratios, roPD and rANi, of oPD and ANi were found to be 9.70 and 2.74, respectively, implying a stronger homopolymerization tendency than copolymerization between them. The copolymers exhibit stronger formability and uniformity of the film, much higher electroactivity, and better tricolor electrochromism than oPD and ANi homopolymers. The copolymer film, containing 50 mol % oPD unit is red at −0.5 to 0 V vs SCE, turns to green at 0 to +0.6 V vs SCE, and blue at +0.6 to +1.35 V vs SCE. Possible assignments of the macromolecular structures of the copolymers in different potential ranges are proposed. The difficulty of synthesizing electrochromic oPD/ANi copolymers could be overcome to some extent by the oxidative polymerization at 70 °C. Particularly, the copolymer has an uncommon combination of strong film formability, high electroactivity, and unique tricolor electrochromism, which could not be achieved by both homopolymers themselves.
Geolocation updating schemes for location aware services in wireless networks (2002)

We propose and analyze different geolocation updating schemes for location aware services in wireless cellular networks. We show that trajectory prediction and adaptive updating intervals can significantly decrease the amount of signaling load generated by geolocation updates sent by mobile stations. An intelligent yet simple scheme for tracking and predicting users' locations and computing geolocation updating intervals provides a multifold decrease in signaling load in networks where users with a dominant direction of movement are present.
<i>Marinobacter lutaoensis</i>sp. nov., a thermotolerant marine bacterium isolated from a coastal hot spring in Lutao, Taiwan (2003)

A heterotrophic and thermotolerant marine bacterium, designated strain T5054, was isolated from a hot spring on the coast of Lutao, Taiwan. It was a strictly aerobic, Gram-negative rod. Cells grown in broth cultures were non-spore-forming and motile by means of one to several polar flagella. It seems that pilus-like structures were produced from both poles of the cells. Strain T5054 required Na+ for growth and exhibited optimal growth at about 45 degrees C, pH 7, and 3-5% NaCl. It contained iso-C15:0 as the most abundant fatty acid and ubiquinone-8 as the only isoprenoid quinone. Its genomic DNA G+C content was 63.5 mol%. The strain did not require vitamins or other organic growth factors, and it grew on glucose, mannitol, and a variety of organic acids and amino acids as sole carbon sources. Characterization data, together with the results of a 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis, indicated that strain T5054 could be classified as a new species in the genus Marinobacter. The name Marinobacter lutaoensis sp. nov. is proposed for this new bacterium. The type strain is T5054 (CCRC 17087; JCM 11179).
Upstream binding sequences of the XyIR activator protein and integration host factor in the<i>xylS</i>gene promoter region of the<i>Pseudomonas</i>TOL plasmid (1992)

The xylR and xylS genes, which encode the positive regulators of the TOL plasmid catabolic pathways, are adjacent genes on the TOL plasmid and are transcribed from divergent promoters. Transcription from the xylS gene promoter, Ps, is positively regulated by effector-activated XylR protein and requires the specific RNA polymerase sigma 54 subunit (RpoN). Deletions and point mutations in the Ps upstream region localized the site of XylR interaction to the region between -133 bp and -207 bp (with respect to the transcriptional start of the xylS messenger), which contains an inverted sequence repeat largely homologous to the motif recognised by XylR in the XylR-regulated 'upper' catabolic pathway promoter, Pu. Gel retardation experiments showed binding of IHF to the Ps promoter region. Corresponding sequences showing good homology to the IHF-binding consensus were identified close to the Ps Promoter (between -35 bp and -47 bp, Ps proximal site) and further upstream overlapping the XylR recognition sequence (Ps distal site). In the latter case IHF recognition motifs were found well conserved on both strands at nearly the same position (between -140 bp and -152 bp on the upper and between -141 bp and -153 bp on the lower strand). Expression from Ps, either under inducing or non-inducing conditions, was, however, only slightly influenced by the absence of IHF in an IHF-deficient mutant and thus activation of Ps, like that of other sigma 54-dependent promoters which are rich in Ts, does not absolutely require IHF protein.
Discovery of Small‐Molecule Antibiotics against a Unique tRNA‐Mediated Regulation of Transcription in Gram‐Positive Bacteria (2019)

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria necessitates the identification of unique targets of intervention and compounds that inhibit their function. Gram-positive bacteria use a well-conserved tRNA-responsive transcriptional regulatory element in mRNAs, known as the T-box, to regulate the transcription of multiple operons that control amino acid metabolism. T-box regulatory elements are found only in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs of Gram-positive bacteria, not Gram-negative bacteria or the human host. Using the structure of the 5'UTR sequence of the Bacillus subtilis tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA T-box as a model, in silico docking of 305 000 small compounds initially yielded 700 as potential binders that could inhibit the binding of the tRNA ligand. A single family of compounds inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, but not Gram-negative bacteria, including drug-resistant clinical isolates at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC 16-64 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> ). Resistance developed at an extremely low mutational frequency (1.21×10<sup>-10</sup> ). At 4 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> , the parent compound PKZ18 significantly inhibited in vivo transcription of glycyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA. PKZ18 also inhibited in vivo translation of the S. aureus threonyl-tRNA synthetase protein. PKZ18 bound to the Specifier Loop in vitro (K<sub>d</sub> ≈24 μm). Its core chemistry necessary for antibacterial activity has been identified. These findings support the T-box regulatory mechanism as a new target for antibiotic discovery that may impede the emergence of resistance.
5G Radar: Scenarios, Numerology and Simulations (2019)

In this paper, we study the future 5G radar that uses the same transmit energy and the same spectral efficient multicarrier waveform for both radar sensing and communication. The technique is an interesting tool to open at the same time access to radio bands assigned traditionally either for radar or communication. The regulation status is first given, and then automotive, marine and aviation scenarios are presented. The numerology for the 5G radar is derived, and we show that the radar resolution requirement for adaptive cruise control is achieved with the radio band of 400 MHz. When the effective isotropic radiated power is 20 dBm, the operation ranges at the 60 GHz for radar and communication are 90 and 150 m, respectively. To maximize technology commonalities, a joint receiver for radar parameter estimation and timing synchronization is presented. The simulation results show that coarse range and velocity estimates are achieved in terms of the mean square error.
A big data methodology for categorising technical support requests using Hadoop and Mahout (2014)

Abstract Technical Support call centres frequently receive several thousand customer queries on a daily basis. Traditionally, such organisations discard data related to customer enquiries within a relatively short period of time due to limited storage capacity. However, in recent years, the value of retaining and analysing this information has become clear, enabling call centres to identify customer patterns, improve first call resolution and maximise daily closure rates. This paper proposes a Proof of Concept (PoC) end to end solution that utilises the Hadoop programming model, extended ecosystem and the Mahout Big Data Analytics library for categorising similar support calls for large technical support data sets. The proposed solution is evaluated on a VMware technical support dataset.
Oleate Blocks Palmitate-Induced Abnormal Lipid Distribution, Endoplasmic Reticulum Expansion and Stress, and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle (2011)

Pathological elevation of plasma fatty acids reduces insulin sensitivity. Although several regulation pathways have been reported, the molecular mechanisms of insulin sensitivity remain elusive, especially in skeletal muscle where most glucose is consumed. This study focuses on how two major dietary fatty acids affect insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells. Palmitic acid (PA) not only reduced insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt but also induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) expansion and ER stress. Relieving ER stress using 4-phenyl butyric acid blocked PA-mediated protein kinase R-like ER kinase phosphorylation and ER expansion and reversed the inhibitory effect of PA on insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Importantly, oleic acid (OA) could also recover PA-reduced Akt phosphorylation and abolish both PA-mediated ER expansion and ER stress. The competition between these two fatty acids was further verified in rat skeletal muscle using venous fatty acid infusion. (3)H-labeled PA was converted mainly to active lipids (phospholipids and diacylglycerol) in the absence of OA, but to triacylglycerol in the presence of OA. Subcellular triacylglycerol and adipocyte differentiation-related protein from PA-treated cells cofractionated with the ER in the absence of OA but switched to the low-density fraction in the presence of OA. Taken together, these data suggest that the PA-mediated lipid composition and localization may cause ER expansion and consequently cause ER stress and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
Glycobiology simplified: diverse roles of glycan recognition in inflammation (2016)

Glycans and complementary glycan-binding proteins are essential components in the language of cell-cell interactions in immunity. The study of glycan function is the purview of glycobiology, which has often been presented as an unusually complex discipline. In fact, the human glycome, composed of all of its glycans, is built primarily from only 9 building blocks that are combined by enzymes (writers) with specific and limited biosynthetic capabilities into a tractable and increasingly accessible number of potential glycan patterns that are functionally read by several dozen human glycan-binding proteins (readers). Nowhere is the importance of glycan recognition better understood than in infection and immunity, and knowledge in this area has already led to glycan mimetic anti-infective and anti-inflammatory drugs. This review includes a brief tutorial on human glycobiology and a limited number of specific examples of glycan-binding protein-glycan interactions that initiate and regulate inflammation. Examples include representatives from different glycan-binding protein families, including the C-type lectins (E-selectin, P-selectin, dectin-1, and dectin-2), sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins 8 and 9), galectins (galectin-1, galectin-3, and galectin-9), as well as hyaluronic acid-binding proteins. As glycoscience technologies advance, opportunities for enhanced understanding of glycans and their roles in leukocyte cell biology provide increasing opportunities for discovery and therapeutic intervention.
Surface Composition and Morphology of Starch, Amylose, and Amylopectin Films (2002)

The surfaces of solution-cast films of starch, amylose, and amylopectin were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The surface topography visualized by SEM showed that amylopectin films were very smooth whereas amylose and starch films were rougher. It appears that crystallinity or phase separation in the bulk of the film affects the surface topography. AFM showed that the outmost surfaces of all films were covered with small protrusions, 15-35 nm wide and 1-4 nm high. Studies with ESCA revealed the presence of 3-8% nitrogen on the surfaces. ToF-SIMS indicated that the nitrogen originates from protein because ionic fragments from amino acids and the peptide backbone were found. Extracts from the top surface layer of the starch film showed protein bands in gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) around 60 kDa, which is in the same molecular weight range as the biosynthesizing enzyme GBSS I present in starch granules. The proteins apparently phase separated during film formation and migrated to the surface, resulting in an extensive enrichment of proteins in the film surface, where about 8% of the protein is present in the top 0.01% of the film. We believe that the protrusions observed with AFM could be one or a few proteins aggregated side by side.
Regiospecific Synthesis of Heterosubstituted Phenols from 3-Alkoxycarbonyl-3,5-dienoic Acids via Benzannulation Reaction (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTRegiospecific Synthesis of Heterosubstituted Phenols from 3-Alkoxycarbonyl-3,5-dienoic Acids via Benzannulation ReactionStefano Serra, Claudio Fuganti, and Alberto MoroView Author Information Dipartimento di Chimica del Politecnico, Centro CNR per lo studio delle Sostanze Organiche Naturali, Via Mancinelli, 7 I-20131 Milano, Italy [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 23, 7883–7888Publication Date (Web):October 20, 2001Publication History Received31 May 2001Published online20 October 2001Published inissue 1 November 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo010552fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo010552fbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views896Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Aromatic compounds,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Information visualization and interactive querying for online documentation and electronic books (1993)

In this paper we describe recent research that we have conducted on the use of information visualization [3] and a new style of query-based browsing [7] to enhance the exploration of online information. Our goal is to increase the performance and usability of online documentation, and of electronic information in general.Information visualization using three dimensional hierarchies provides a convenient way to overview information structure and select topics [3]. Interactive querying allows a highly interactive form of combined browsing and search using pen-based navigation [7].Early evaluations of the effectiveness of information visualization and interactive querying in information exploration tasks will be reported. Implications of these techniques for future online documentation systems and electronic books will also be discussed.
Hydroboration. XXXII. Cyclic hydroboration of dienes with thexylborane (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroboration. XXXII. Cyclic hydroboration of dienes with thexylboraneHerbert C. Brown and Eiichi NegishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 10, 3567–3572Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00765a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00765a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views655Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ratcheting Electrophoresis Microchip (REM) for Programmable Transport and Separation of Macromolecules (2001)

Abstract This paper introduces the concept of a ratcheting electrophoresis microchip (REM), a microfluidic device for electrophoretic separation of macromolecules such as DNA and proteins in aqueous solution using low applied voltages (∼ 1 V). The device consists of several thousands of parallel linear electrodes with a constant pitch of about 10 μm. A spatial saw-tooth like potential distribution generated by the electrode array causes local electrophoretic migration of charged molecules between adjacent electrodes. By cycling the potential distribution in a certain pattern, the spatio-temporal electrophoretic ratchet can be used to separate and manipulate macromolecules at speeds much faster than thermal ratchets or more traditional techniques such as capillary or gel electrophoresis. This paper describes results of two simulations: First, using a simple one-dimensional potential distribution for the ratchet, the basic device function is examined using a probabilistic approach that simulates the interplay between electrophoretic mobility and molecular diffusion. The results suggest that the REM can function as a molecular filter through which only molecules having mobility larger than a threshold can pass. The REM can also be programmed to separate molecules to create a molecular profile, much like conventional electrophoresis. Second, two-dimensional stochastic simulations based on molecular diffusion and transient Debye screening by mobile ions are used to demonstrate the feasibility of the REM. The results suggest that biomolecular separation can indeed be achieved within time and length scales much shorter than capillary and gel electrophoresis.
Reliability and electrical properties of new low dielectric constant interlevel dielectrics for high performance ULSI interconnect (1996)

We have investigated the impact of using several new promising low dielectric constant materials as inter-level dielectrics for high performance VLSI/ULSI interconnect applications. The new low dielectric constant materials under study are spin-on deposited materials which include silsesquioxane, fluorinated polyimide, fluorinated poly(arylethers), and perfluorocyclobutane with dielectric constants ranging from 2.3 to 2.8. In comparison to other spin-on deposited materials, they have relatively high thermal stability and better process compatibility. Inter-line capacitance, dielectric leakage current, metal layer resistivity, and interconnect metal linewidth were monitored as the wafers went through different thermal stress conditions. The thermal dissipation capability of the new inter-level dielectrics and their influence on metal line reliability were studied as well. The electrical and reliability properties were compared between interconnect structures using new low dielectric constant materials and structures using conventional SiO/sub 2/ deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The results are important for determining how to use these new low dielectric constant materials in high performance ULSI interconnect processing. They also provide useful input for further material improvement to satisfy the ULSI processing and reliability requirement.