gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The supramolecular organization of ovomucin. Biophysical and morphological studies (1990)

Ovomucin participates in the ovomucin-gel-forming properties because of its shape and its ability to interact in a specific spatial organization. Purified from chicken egg-white by exclusion chromatography with Sephacryl S-300 and Sepharose CL-2B and analysed by light-scattering, it exhibited an Mr of about 40 x 10(6). This large Mr can be explained by the aggregation of polymers that can be degraded into 3 x 10(6)-Mr fragments by reduction with dithiothreitol. The values for hydrodynamic parameters such as Mr, radius of gyration, hydrodynamic radius, mass per unit length and combinations of them suggested that ovomucin is a linear and highly flexible molecule conferring upon it a random-coil-like structure in 0.2 M-NaCl solution. Analysis of the ovomucin molecules by electron microscopy revealed its linear character but also indicated a lower Mr than that obtained in the light-scattering experiments. By temperature-induced non-specific aggregation of an ovomucin solution containing other globular egg proteins, an attempt was made to find out what conditions are required for gel formation and to examine the quality of aggregation that is obtained under these conditions. Results show that the viscosity of the solution did not increase after heat treatment. Apparently, in the ovomucin gel, specific spatial organization of the ovomucin molecules is required for hydrogel formation.
The effect of neurolinguistic programming on organisational and individual performance: a case study (2002)

Neurolinguistic programming (NLP) is a set of techniques designed to make you better at what you do. NLP helps you to understand yourself and others and teaches you how to communicate effectively with others in order to build better relationships with them. Reports on a longitudinal study of the effect of a two to three day NLP course on managers and staff in the hospitality industry. The evaluation is unique as it is the only known longitudinal research into the effects of NLP. Measurements were taken on four psychometric measures at four time periods. The four constructs measured are all positively linked to performance. Three show increases over the start of course measure. Self‐efficacy does not. The verdict on the efficacy of NLP is unclear. Draws some conclusions on the extension of the research.
A first-principles study on magnetocrystalline anisotropy at interfaces of Fe with non-magnetic metals (2013)

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) of Fe(001) interfaces with various non-magnetic metals (Hf, Zr, Ti, Ta, Nb, V, Ir, Rh, Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Cu, and Zn) was investigated by first-principles calculations. We found that Fe interfaces with non-magnetic metals with fully occupied d states tend to show perpendicular MCA. The spin-orbit coupling in interfacial Fe atoms plays an important role in perpendicular MCA. Conversely, Fe interfaces with non-magnetic metals with partially occupied d states exhibit in-plane MCA. The Hf/Fe(001) interface shows an exceptionally large perpendicular MCA energy of 1.5 mJ/m2, which corresponds to that of the MgO/Fe(001) interface. In these cases, contributions from interfacial Fe atoms to MCA are relatively small, and the large spin-orbit coupling of non-magnetic atoms is the primary contribution to MCA. We conclude that formation of Hf/Fe(001) interfaces will enhance the perpendicular magnetization of MgO/CoFeB-based magnetic tunnel junctions.
[Separation and identification of the surface and secreted proteins in Toxoplasma gondii by biotin labeling and proteomics methods]. (2013)

The surface and secreted proteins of T. gondii are separated by biotin labeling and avidin chromatography, among which some potential new surface or secreted proteins of T. gondii are identified.
NMR, Mass Spectrometry and Chemical Evidence Reveal a Different Chemical Structure for Methanobactin That Contains Oxazolone Rings (2008)

Methanobactin (mb) is a small copper-binding peptide produced by methanotrophic bacteria and is intimately involved in both their copper metabolism and their role in the global carbon cycle. The structure for methanobactin comprises seven amino acids plus two chromophoric residues that appear unique to methanobactin. In a previously published structure, both chromophoric residues contain a thiocarbonyl attached to a hydroxyimidazolate ring. In addition, one is attached to a pyrrolidine ring, while the other is attached to an isopropyl ester. A published X-ray determined structure for methanobactin shows these two chromophoric groups forming an N2S2 binding site for a single Cu(I) ion with a distorted tetrahedral geometry. In this report we show that NMR, mass spectrometry, and chemical data reveal a chemical structure that is significantly different than the previously published one. Specifically, the 1H and 13C NMR assignments are inconsistent with an N-terminal isopropyl ester and point instead to a 3-methylbutanoyl group. Our data also indicate that oxazolone rings instead of hydroxyimidazolate rings form the core of the two chromophoric residues. Because these rings are directly involved in the binding of Cu(I) and other metals by methanobactin and are likely involved in the many chemical activities displayed by methanobactin, their correct identity is central to developing an accurate and detailed understanding of methanobactin's many chemical and biological roles. For example, the oxazolone rings make methanobactin structurally more similar to other bacterially produced bactins and siderophores and suggest pathways for its biosynthesis.
A MAYDAY SYSTEM FOR RURAL HIGHWAY TRAVEL (1995)

A large scale-operational test of an ITS (intelligent transportation systems) Mayday emergency dispatch system has been launched in Colorado under sponsorship of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The project team is headed by the Enterprise Group, whose members include: the FHWA; the state Departments of Transportation of Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, and Washington; the Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Transport Canada, and the Dutch Ministry of Transport. This Mayday operational test in Colorado is evaluating the use of global positioning system (GPS) location technology and cellular phone two-way communications to provide assistance to travelers in an emergency dispatch area of more than 12,000 square miles in central Colorado. The test implements 2,000 in-vehicle units using a low-cost GPS location device called the TIDGET(tm), developed by NAVSYS Corporation.
Mapping the chromosomal targets of STAT1 by Sequence Tag Analysis of Genomic Enrichment (STAGE) (2007)

Identifying the genome-wide binding sites of transcription factors is important in deciphering transcriptional regulatory networks. ChIP-chip (Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with microarrays) has been widely used to map transcription factor binding sites in the human genome. However, whole genome ChIP-chip analysis is still technically challenging in vertebrates. We recently developed STAGE as an unbiased method for identifying transcription factor binding sites in the genome. STAGE is conceptually based on SAGE, except that the input is ChIP-enriched DNA. In this study, we implemented an improved sequencing strategy and analysis methods and applied STAGE to map the genomic binding profile of the transcription factor STAT1 after interferon treatment. STAT1 is mainly responsible for mediating the cellular responses to interferons, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune surveillance, and immune responses. We present novel algorithms for STAGE tag analysis to identify enriched loci with high specificity, as verified by quantitative ChIP. STAGE identified several previously unknown STAT1 target genes, many of which are involved in mediating the response to interferon-gamma signaling. STAGE is thus a viable method for identifying the chromosomal targets of transcription factors and generating meaningful biological hypotheses that further our understanding of transcriptional regulatory networks.
A Fully Integrated Hall Sensor Microsystem for Contactless Current Measurement (2013)

Contactless current measurement based on Hall-effect sensors can be performed in either closed- or open-loop configuration. In this paper an open-loop sensor system with a current-mode output is described. The system measures the magnetic field induced around the current path targeting high linearity, accuracy, and speed. As the accuracy of the Hall sensor microsystem is affected by temperature-dependent offset and sensitivity of the sensing element, system-level solutions are developed to minimize these effects. The full system integration represents a design challenge as both voltage and current references are directly involved in the sensitivity calibration and both contribute to the system sensitivity drift. The measurements show a sensitivity drift lower than 80 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm ppm}/^{\circ}{\rm C}$</tex></formula> , the offset drifts less than 300 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm nT}/^{\circ}{\rm C}$</tex></formula> and the nonlinearity is less than <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\pm}{0.08\%}$</tex></formula> . The effects of the varying external field on the calibration loop are analyzed and the theoretical prediction is validated by measurement.
Silver ions trigger Ca2+ release by acting at the apparent physiological release site in sarcoplasmic reticulum. (1984)

Rapid Ca2+ release from Ca2+ -loaded sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles (SR) was previously shown to occur upon the addition of micromolar concentrations of heavy metals, and the extent of Ca2+ release was dependent on the binding affinity of the metal to sulfhydryl group(s) on an SR protein (Abramson, J.J., Weden, L., Trimm, J.L., and Salama, G. (1982) Biophys. J. 37, 134a; Abramson, J.J., Trimm, J.L., Weden, L., and Salama, G. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 1526). The nature of this Ca2+ release site was examined further and found to be predominantly distributed in heavy SR (HSR) rather than light SR fractions. Ag+ -induced Ca2+ release from heavy SR was blocked by local anesthetics and ruthenium red which are known to inhibit Ca2+ release in skeletal fibers and in heavy SR, respectively. The rate of Ca2+ efflux from SR triggered by Ag+ was dependent on pH, Mg2+, and ionic strength of the medium. Efflux rates increased by a factor of 4 from pH 6.0 to 7.0 and then decreased in more alkaline reaction mixtures. Efflux rates from actively or passively loaded SR increased by a factor of 2.5 with increasing Mg2+ from 0 to 1 mM and then decreased in the range of 1 to 10 mM Mg2+. ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake by SR was similar in 100 mM KCl and in 200 mM sucrose solutions, but the extent and rate of Ca2+ efflux induced by Ag+ were dramatically reduced with decreasing ionic strength of the medium. In solutions containing 5 mM Mg2+, the rate of Ca2+ efflux from heavy SR averaged over the first 1.5 s after the addition of Ag+ was 58 nmol of Ca2+/mg of SR/s, a value comparable to the fast initial rate of ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake. The maximum initial rate of Ag+ -induced Ca2+ efflux from heavy SR in 1 mM Mg2+ may be comparable to the rate of Ca2+ release and tension development in muscle fibers. Our data indicate that Ag+ reacts with a protein or proteins in the SR, probably not the (Ca2+, Mg2+)-ATPase, to induce a rapid release of Ca2+, possibly from the physiological Ca2+ release site.
The future of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development (2004)

During the past 10 years, considerable progress has been made in RSV vaccine development. It is likely that different RSV vaccines will be needed for the various populations at risk.
Radiation fields of an inclined electric dipole immersed in a semi-infinite conducting medium (1963)

An electric dipole is immersed in a semi-infinite conducting medium with its axis inclined to the normal of the surface. The radiation fields of the dipole are derived for the <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</inf> nonconducting region above the surface. A ground wave near the surface and a space wave above it are derived from the evaluation of the integrals by the saddle point method. The field expressions for these waves have an exponential attenuation depending upon skin and immersion depths. The angle of inclination of the dipole is treated as the principal variable in analysis of the radiation fields. Radiation patterns are presented for the space wave and the ground wave. The variables include conductivity, immersion depth and the inclination angle.
California Program Focuses on School Readiness. (2004)

Consumers of dietary supplements should be made aware of the benefits and risks of these products. This case study therefore aimed to identify the content of the risk-benefit information provided during the purchase of St. John's wort supplements and how consumers perceive this information. Fifteen participants visited a shop to purchase St. John's wort supplements after which they were interviewed on the provided information during the visit. This case study shows that the spontaneous information provision is not consistent in Dutch drugstores and health food shops. The provided information was either very detailed, or no information was given at all. The perceived reliability of information was mainly determined by the authority of the employee and the type of shop where the product was purchased. Information consistency at the moment of purchase is of influence in the perceived value of it.
An optimized resistor pattern for temperature gradient control in microfluidics (2009)

International audience
Design and implementation of a clinical MSI workstation (2003)

It is noted that magnetic source imaging (MSI) has unique processing and presentation requirements that must be addressed for it to become incorporated into clinical practice. As the combination of multislice medical imaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) functional localization, MSI is heavily computer-dependent for data preparation and evaluation as well as for data generation. The general issues of volumetric display and manipulation are compounded by the necessity for geometric accuracy and for interactive preparation of the data to be clinically evaluated. The authors discuss the design and implementation of a workstation-based system for processing MRI and MEG data and generating the combination of functional/anatomical images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Native American Studies at West Virginia University: Continuing the Interactions of Native and Appalachian People (2001)

In the heart of Appalachia, Native American Studies has been growing for almost two decades.West Virginia is the only state totally encompassed by the Appalachian region, the mountains of which stretch from Maine to Georgia.About the size of the Navajo Nation, "wild and wonderful" West Virginia is a place of intricate ridges, hollows, and white-water rivers, and it continues as a home of traditional cultures, including its indigenous ones.The mountains themselves, some of the oldest in the world, hold close the ancient sites and living descendants of the tribal peoples who have been here for thousands of years.As archeologist Edward V McMichael noted, they have existed in West Virginia for at least 13,000 years, and the European "occupation of about 300 years amounts to only three per cent, or less, of the total time the area of the State has been inhabited" by human beings (1968).Thus, although no reservations or trust lands currently are designated in West Virginia, it would be erroneous to deny the historic and present influence of Native American heritage here.Even the more general Appalachian traditional culture reflects such values as independence, self-reliance, noninterference with others, love of the land, importance of family and "clan"-qualities often ascribed to Indian cultures and which may reflect in part the early influence Native peoples had on European immigrants as they settled here.Because of such ties, at West Virginia University, the state's "flagship" institution of higher education, Native American Studies (NAS) has established strong roots and begun to flourish.4344 Ellesa Clay High and David W.
Über die spezifische Reduktion von Furoxanen zu Furazanen (1964)

Abstract Dreiwertige Phosphorverbindungen PR 3 (R = Alkyl, Aryl oder Alkoxyl) reduzieren Furoxane ohne Ringöffnung oder andere Nebenreaktionen glatt zu den entsprechenden Furazanen. Die so leicht aus Furoxandicarbonsäure‐diäthylester zugängliche Furazandicarbonsäure liefert bei der thermischen Decarboxylierung nicht das Furazan, sondern das durch Umlagerung daraus entstehende Cyanformaldoxim.
Electrophile-mediated cyclisations involving the allene π-system. Stereoselectivity and synthetic utility of Pd<sup>II</sup>-catalysed heteroatom cyclisation reactions. X-Ray molecular structure of methyl 2-[trans-3-phenyl-N-(p-tolylsulfonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]acrylate (1992)

PdII-Mediated cyclisation and methoxycarbonylation of the phenyl-substituted allenic sulfonamides 4,5 and 6 gave the corresponding N-sulfonyl 2,3-, 2,4- and 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines 9, 10 and 11, respectively. With the exception of compound 4, cyclisations were not highly selective and similar trends were observed with the α-amino allenic esters 7 and 8. Some improvement, both in yield and diastereoselectivity, was apparent when cyclisations were carried out in the presence of an excess of Et3N. The isolation of acyclic by-products 14 and 15 from α-amino allenic ester 7 suggests that chloropalladiation may play a key role in the mechanism of this cyclisation sequence and similar byproducts were obtained from cyclisation of the unsubstituted allenic sulfonamides 16 and 20 leading to 6- and 7-membered rings, respectively. Other synthetic aspects of this palladium-based chemistry, including efforts directed towards coupling of the cyclisation step with a Heck-type olefination, are also described.
Active Queue Management: A Survey (2012)

Since its formal introduction to IP networks in 1993 as a viable complementary approach for congestion control, there has been a steady stream of research output with respect to Active Queue Management (AQM). This survey attempts to travel the trajectory of AQM research from 1993 with the first algorithm, Random Early Detection (RED), to current work in 2011. In this survey we discuss the general attributes of AQM schemes, and the design approaches taken such as heuristic, control-theoretic and deterministic optimization. Of interest is the role of AQM in QoS provisioning particularly in the DiffServ context, as well as the role of AQM in the wireless domain. For each section, example algorithms from the research literature are presented.
Repeated 0.5-Gy Gamma Irradiation Attenuates Autoimmune Disease in MRL-<i>lpr/lpr</i>Mice with Suppression of CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>−</sup>CD8<sup>−</sup>B220<sup>+</sup>T-Cell Proliferation and with Up-regulation of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup>Regulatory T Cells (2007)

Tago, F., Tsukimoto, M., Nakatsukasa, H. and Kojima. S. Repeated 0.5 Gy Gamma Irradiation Attenuates Autoimmune Disease in MRL-lpr/lpr Mice with Suppression of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-)B220(+) T-Cell Proliferation and with Up-regulation of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Regulatory T Cells. Radiat. Res. 169, 59-66 (2008). MRL-lpr/lpr mice are used as a model of systemic lupus erythematosus. We previously reported attenuation of autoimmune disease in MRL-lpr/lpr mice by repeated gamma irradiation (0.5 Gy each time). In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of this attenuation by measuring the weight of the spleen and the population of highly activated CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-)B220(+) T cells, which are characteristically involved in autoimmune pathology in these mice. Splenomegaly and an increase in the percentage of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-)B220(+) T cells, which occur with aging in nonirradiated mice, were suppressed in irradiated mice. The high proliferation rate of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-)B220(+) T cells was suppressed in the irradiated animals. The production of autoantibodies and the level of IL6, which activates B cells, were also lowered by radiation exposure. These results indicate that progression of pathology is suppressed by repeated 0.5-Gy gamma irradiation. To uncover the mechanism of the immune suppression, we measured the regulatory T cells, which suppress activated T cells and excessive autoimmune responses. We found that regulatory T cells were significantly increased in irradiated mice. We therefore conclude that repeated 0.5-Gy gamma irradiation suppresses the proliferation rate of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-)B220(+) T cells and the production of IL6 and autoantibodies and up-regulates regulatory T cells.
Influence of water on the electronic structure of metal-supported graphene: Insights from van der Waals density functional theory (2012)

We investigate the interaction between water and metal-supported graphene through van der Waals density functional theory calculations. Our results show a systematic increase in the adsorption energy of water on graphene in the presence of underlying metal substrates. In addition, we find that the electronic nature of the graphene-metal contacts behave differently upon water adsorption: In the case of a weak, physical graphene-metal contact, the charge carrier doping level of graphene is tuned by water, resulting in a Fermi level shift on the order of \ensuremath{\sim}100 meV. In the case of a strong chemical graphene-metal contact, the \ensuremath{\pi} and \ensuremath{\pi}${}^{*}$ bands of graphene are hardly perturbed by water adsorption. These results illustrate the correlated nature of the interactions between water, graphene, and metal substrates, and show that the electronic structure and the doping level of graphene can be tailored by water deposition.
LMS based digital cancellation of second-order TX intermodulation products in homodyne receivers (2011)

Second-order intermodulation products are produced by non-linearities in the transfer functions of the receiver's signal processing blocks. Especially in homodyne receivers the second-order intermodulations are problematic since they are convolved into baseband and overlap the wanted signal. In this paper a Least-Mean-Square (LMS) adaptive filter approach to estimate and cancel the transmitter (TX) induced second-order intermodulation distortion (IMD2) in the digital domain is presented. The performance of the proposed cancellation method and its dependency on the number of used filter coefficients is verified on measured data of the digital front end (DFE) output of an UMTS transceiver chip.