gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EHF for Satellite Communications: The New Broadband Frontier (2011)

The exploitation of extremely high-frequency (EHF) bands (30-300 GHz) for broadband transmission over satellite links is currently a hot research topic. In particular, the Q-V band (30-50 GHz) and W-band (75-110 GHz) seem to offer very promising perspectives. This paper aims at presenting an overview of the current status of research and technology in EHF satellite communications and taking a look at future perspectives in terms of applications and services. Challenges and open issues are adequately considered together with some viable solutions and future developments. The proposed analysis highlighted the need for a reliable propagation model based on experimental data acquired in orbit. Other critical aspects should be faced at the PHY-layer level in order to manage the tradeoff between power efficiency, spectral efficiency, and robustness against link distortions. As far as networking aspects are concerned, the large bandwidth availability should be converted into increased throughput by means of suitable radio resource management and transport protocols, able to support very high data rates in long-range aerospace scenarios.
Multi-source data fusion method for structural safety assessment of water diversion structures (2021)

Abstract Building safety assessment based on single sensor data has the problems of low reliability and high uncertainty. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel multi-source sensor data fusion method based on Improved Dempster–Shafer (D-S) evidence theory and Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN). Before data fusion, the improved self-support function is adopted to preprocess the original data. The process of data fusion is divided into three steps: Firstly, the feature of the same kind of sensor data is extracted by the adaptive weighted average method as the input source of BPNN. Then, BPNN is trained and its output is used as the basic probability assignment (BPA) of D-S evidence theory. Finally, Bhattacharyya Distance (BD) is introduced to improve D-S evidence theory from two aspects of evidence distance and conflict factors, and multi-source data fusion is realized by D-S synthesis rules. In practical application, a three-level information fusion framework of the data level, the feature level, and the decision level is proposed, and the safety status of buildings is evaluated by using multi-source sensor data. The results show that compared with the fusion result of the traditional D-S evidence theory, the algorithm improves the accuracy of the overall safety state assessment of the building and reduces the MSE from 0.18 to 0.01%.
Electroencephalography in Syncope (1997)

Electroencephalographic (EEG) findings in syncope are reviewed. There are four major categories of syncope: neurally mediated (neurocardiogenic), neurologic, decreased cardiac output, and orthostatic hypotension. However, regardless of cause, whether the syncope is due to a vasovagal effect, a cardiac arrhythmia, an epileptic seizure, or hypotension, EEG findings are similar and reflect cerebral hypoperfusion. Initially there may be a slowing of background rhythms. This is followed by high amplitude delta activity, maximal anteriorly. If the hypoperfusion persists there is subsequent flattening of the EEG. The EEG returns to normal in the reverse sequence. In cases with severe and prolonged ischemia, convulsive syncope may occur at the time of the EEG flattening. Although not an epileptic phenomena, clinically this is often mistaken for epilepsy. Conversely, epileptic disorders, such as the ictal bradycardia syndrome, may occasionally mimic syncope. Therefore, in patients in whom EEGs are performed for the evaluation of an episode of loss of consciousness, simultaneous ECG should be used.
Sequential Superparamagnetic Clustering for Unbiased Classification of High-Dimensional Chemical Data (2004)

For the clustering of chemical structures that are described by the Similog, ISIS count, and ISIS binary fingerprints, we propose a sequential superparamagnetic clustering approach. To appropriately handle nonbinary feature keys, we introduce an extension of the binary Tanimoto similarity measure. In our applications, data sets composed of structures from seven chemically distinct compound classes are evaluated and correctly clustered. The comparison, with results from leading methods, indicates the superiority of our sequential superparamagnetic clustering approach.
Assessment of Heparin Binding to the AN69 ST Hemodialysis Membrane: I. Preclinical Studies (2005)

The AN69 ST membrane was designed to render the surface of the native polyacrylonitrile polymer less cationic. This was achieved by layering the membrane with the polycationic biopolymer polyethyleneimine. This new membrane is able to bind heparin to its surface, through electrical interactions, without altering the reactivity of the sulfonate groups of the membrane, regularly distributed in the membrane bulk. The kinetics of unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparins were studied in vitro and in vivo in sheep. Encouraging results were obtained indicating that heparin-coated hemodialyzers are potent anticoagulants. Priming the AN69 ST membrane-equipped hemodialyzer with heparin, as in regular hemodialysis, could allow drastic reduction of heparin consumption in hemodialysis.
Comparison of Cancellous Bone-Derived Cell Proliferation in Autologous Human and Fetal Bovine Serum (2000)

Conventionally, culture medium is supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS): such serum presents potential risks of foreign protein contamination and transmission of viral or prion-related disease if used in culture of cells intended for human reimplantation. As it has been suggested that a composite of cultured human cancellous bone-derived cells and a bone graft substitute may present a solution to the well-recognized complications and limited availability associated with harvest of fresh bone graft, this study aimed to compare the proliferative response of human cancellous bone-derived cells supplemented with FBS or autologous human serum (AHS) to determine whether AHS is a practical alternative. Explant cultures were established using greater trochanter trabecular bone from 10 consenting patients (aged 57-84) undergoing total hip arthroplasty. At the same time, serum was harvested. The cells were characterized by alkaline phosphatase expression and by in vitro mineralization in enhanced medium. At confluence, cells were aliquoted into multiwell plates and grown for 9 days in medium supplemented with 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% AHS or 10% FBS. Proliferative response was determined by a crystal violet dye binding assay. There was no significant difference between proliferation in 5% AHS and 10% FBS. However, 10%, 15%, and 20% AHS all produced significantly greater proliferation than 10% FBS. The proliferative response was dose related. FBS is said to be rich in growth and attachment factors, which is why it is widely used in tissue culture. These results suggest that species specificity, even when using adult serum, outweighs these advantages. It should therefore be considered as a prerequisite for any program involving reimplantation of cultured human cells. Clinical trials of cultured human cancellous bone-derived cells have now begun.
Combined Test for Assessment of Anterior Pituitary Function (1973)

A combined test consisting of the simultaneous administration of insulin, thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), and luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone-releasing hormone (LH/FSH-RH) was performed in 24 people. Eleven of these also had the three individual tests performed separately, and the remaining 13 had a separate test of either LH/FSH-RH and TRH together or singly at a later date. In both normal people and patients, whether the tests were performed alone or in combination, no difference was found between the hormone responses (growth hormone, cortisol, LH, FSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone) seen to these stimuli.It is proposed that combined administration of insulin and the hypothalamic releasing hormones may be used as a single test for the assessment of anterior pituitary function. The test is convenient and time saving, and with care can be performed in outpatients.
Detection and Recognition of Text Embedded in Online Images via Neural Context Models (2017)

We address the problem of detecting and recognizing the text embedded in online images that are circulated over the Web. Our idea is to leverage context information for both text detection and recognition. For detection, we use local image context around the text region, based on that the text often sequentially appear in online images. For recognition, we exploit the metadata associated with the input online image, including tags, comments, and title, which are used as a topic prior for the word candidates in the image. To infuse such two sets of context information, we propose a contextual text spotting network (CTSN). We perform comparative evaluation with five state-of-the-art text spotting methods on newly collected Instagram and Flickr datasets. We show that our approach that benefits from context information is more successful for text spotting in online images.
Reticulocyte counting by flow cytometry. A comparison with manual methods. (1992)

The reticulocyte count (RC) is a key diagnostic test in the evaluation, classification, and response to therapy of anemia. The RC, as determined by manual methods, has a frustrating inherent imprecision owing to its binomial counting statistics (i.e., low counts/low precision) and inaccuracy because of inter- and intraobserver variability as to what indeed is a reticulocyte. Fluorescent activated cytometric (FACS) analysis of reticulocytes by thiazole orange (TO) is a rapid, relatively simple, and precise method for counting reticulocytes. The automated method counts 10,000 cells or more vs. 1,000 cells counted by the manual method. Although inherently more precise, the FACS method may be inaccurate owing to the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies, nucleated red blood cells (RBCs), sickled cells, or giant platelets. The RC by FACS is well correlated with the manual method and the reference ranges are similar. A new parameter by FACS, the reticulocyte maturation index (RMI), provides an independent measurement of reticulocyte RNA content. Although the RMI does not correlate with RC either by FACS or manual methods, it does provide an independent parameter of erythropoietic activity and may be useful in predicting bone marrow engraftment or further subclassifying anemias. Determination by FACS of the RC offers significant advantages over manual methods in monitoring a patients erythropoietic response. However, one must be cognizant of potential pitfalls in the method.
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1991 (1992)

Class I a-chain Class I a-chain Class I a-chaifl associated with class I 6.2-kB Hind 111 fragment associated with class I 5.448 Hind 111 fragment associated with class I 6.0-kB Hind 111 fragment Class I pseudogene associated with 5.4-kB Hind 111 fragment Class 1 pseudogene associated with 5.4kB Hind Ill fragment DR a chain DR 01 chai n, determining Specificities DR1, DR2, DR3. DR4, OR5 etc. pseudogene with OR @-like sequences DR 83 chain determining DR52, and Dw24, Dw25, Dw26 specificities DR 84 chain determining DR53 DR 85 chain determining OR51 DRB pseudogene found on DR1. OR2 and DR10 haplotypes DRB pseudogene found on DR4,OR7 and DR9 haplotypes DRB pseudogene found on DR4, DR7 and OR9 haplotypes DRB pseudogene, isolated fragment DQ a chain as expressed DQ B chain as expressed DO a-chain-related sequence, not known to be expressed DQ P-chain-related sequence, not known to be expressed DQ @chain-related sequence, not known to be expressed DO P chain DM a chain DM $ chain ' This sequence has been previously assigned with a fourdigit allele name.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Anti‐MRSA Dipeptide, TAN‐1057 A. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MyD88-dependent interplay between myeloid and endothelial cells in the initiation and progression of obesity-associated inflammatory diseases (2014)

Low-grade systemic inflammation is often associated with metabolic syndrome, which plays a critical role in the development of the obesity-associated inflammatory diseases, including insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Here, we investigate how Toll-like receptor-MyD88 signaling in myeloid and endothelial cells coordinately participates in the initiation and progression of high fat diet-induced systemic inflammation and metabolic inflammatory diseases. MyD88 deficiency in myeloid cells inhibits macrophage recruitment to adipose tissue and their switch to an M1-like phenotype. This is accompanied by substantially reduced diet-induced systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. MyD88 deficiency in endothelial cells results in a moderate reduction in diet-induced adipose macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization, selective insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, and amelioration of spontaneous atherosclerosis. Both in vivo and ex vivo studies suggest that MyD88-dependent GM-CSF production from the endothelial cells might play a critical role in the initiation of obesity-associated inflammation and development of atherosclerosis by priming the monocytes in the adipose and arterial tissues to differentiate into M1-like inflammatory macrophages. Collectively, these results implicate a critical MyD88-dependent interplay between myeloid and endothelial cells in the initiation and progression of obesity-associated inflammatory diseases.
Engineering challenges for polymer electronics (2002)

Polymer LEDs are entering the market and rapid improvements are taking place in the fabrication techniques and the level of sophistication of polymer circuits. However, a number of challenges remain to be overcome before the commercial future of polymer electronics becomes an assured fact. Here, we review briefly the progress made to date in the development of polymer electronics. Then, following a consideration of the more important materials aspects, we proceed to discuss the techniques which are becoming established as the technologies of choice for polymer circuit and system fabrication.
Effects of hyaluronan, BSA, and serum on <i>bovine embryo</i> in vitro development, ultrastructure, and gene expression patterns (2006)

Effects of hyaluronan (HA), BSA, and FCS on in vitro development, ultrastructure, and mRNA transcription of four developmentally important genes: apoptosis (Bax), oxidative stress (SOX), growth factor (IGF-II), and cell-to-cell adhesion (Ecad) were examined. Two biological origin HA, Hylartil and Hyonate and one produced by fermentation (f-HA) MAP-5 were tested. Embryos were cultured in SOF medium with 0.4% BSA or with 0.4% BSA and 10% FCS. HA was added 96 hr post insemination (pi) to half of the embryos from each culture group. Embryo development was not affected by either HA preparation, however, hatching rates were higher in Hyalartil and MAP-5 than in control and Hyonate (P < 0.05). There was no effect of HA on number of blastocysts developed in SOF + BSA. However, more blastocysts developed in SOF + BSA + f-HA than in SOF + BSA + FCS or with BSA + FCS + f-HA. HA added to SOF + BSA, increased level of expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-II and decreased the levels of expression of BAX, SOX, and Ecad (P < 0.05). Presence of FCS increased the levels of SOX and decreased the level of IGF-II (P < 0.05) and the addition of f-HA to SOF containing FCS showed no effect on the level of transcription of any analyzed genes. The fine structure of embryos cultured with f-HA irrespective of protein sources used was clearly improved. In summary, f-HA added 96 hr pi to SOF supplemented with BSA but not FCS improved development, molecular composition and fine structure of bovine embryos.
Opposite effects of microtubule-stabilizing and microtubule-destabilizing drugs on biogenesis of mitochondria in mammalian cells (2001)

Distribution of mitochondria as well as other intracellular organelles in mammalian cells is regulated by interphase microtubules. Here, we demonstrate a role of microtubules in the mitochondrial biogenesis using various microtubule-active drugs and human osteosarcoma cell line 143B cells and rat liver-derived RL-34 cells. Depolymerization of microtubules by nocodazole or colchicine, as well as 2-methoxyestradiol, a natural estrogen metabolite, arrested asynchronously cultured cells in G(2)/M phase of cell cycle and at the same time inhibited the mitochondrial mass increase and mtDNA replication. These drugs also inhibited the mitochondrial mass increase in the cells that were synchronized in cell cycle, which should occur during G(1) to G(2) phase progression in normal conditions. However, stabilization of microtubules by taxol did not affect the proliferation of mitochondria during the cell cycle, yet a prolonged incubation of cells with taxol induced an abnormal accumulation of mitochondria in cells arrested in G(2)/M phase of cell cycle. Taxol-induced accumulation of mitochondria was not only demonstrated by mitochondria-specific fluorescent dyes but also evidenced by the examination of cells transfected with yellow fluorescent protein fused with mitochondrial targeting sequence from subunit VIII of human cytochrome c oxidase (pEYFP) and by enhanced mtDNA replication. Two subpopulations of mitochondria were detected in taxol-treated cells: mitochondria with high Delta(psi)(m), detectable either by Mito Tracker Red CMXRos or by Green FM, and those with low Delta(psi)(m), detectable only by Green FM. However, taxol-induced increases in the mitochondrial mass and in the level of acetylated (alpha)-tubulin were abrogated by a co-treatment with taxol and nocodazole or taxol and colchicine. These data strongly suggest that interphase microtubules may be essential for the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in mammalian cells.
Changes in host cell energetics in response to bacteriophage PRD1 DNA entry (1997)

Double-stranded DNA bacteriophage PRD1 infects a variety of gram-negative bacteria harboring an IncP-type conjugative plasmid. The plasmid codes for the DNA transfer phage receptor complex in the cell envelope. Our goal was, by using a collection of mutant phage particles for which the variables are the DNA content and/or the presence of the receptor-binding protein, to obtain information on the energy requirements for DNA entry as well as on alterations in the cellular energetics taking place during the first stages of infection. We studied the fluxes of tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+), phenyldicarbaundecaborane (PCB-), and K+ ions as well as ATP through the envelope of Salmonella typhimurium cells. The final level of the membrane voltage (delta psi) indicator TPP+ accumulated by the infected cells exceeds the initial level before the infection. Besides the effects on TPP+ accumulation, PRD1 induces the leakage of ATP and K+ from the cytosol. All these events were induced only by DNA-containing infectious particles and were cellular ATP and delta psi dependent. PRD1-caused changes in delta psi and in PCB- binding differ considerably from those observed in other bacteriophage infections studied. These results are in accordance with the presence of a specific channel engaged in phage PRD1 DNA transport.
The Effects of APU Characteristics on the Design of Hybrid Control Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A hybrid control strategy is an algorithm that determines when and at what power level to run a hybrid electric vehicle's auxiliary power unit (APU) as a function of the power demand at the wheels, the state of charge of the battery, and the current power level of the APU. The design of this strategy influences the efficiency of the overall system. The strategy must balance the flow of power between the APU, the battery, and the motor, with the intent of maximizing the average fuel economy without overstressing the battery and curtailing its life.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The development of a system's powertrain components and the design of an optimum control strategy for that system should be concurrent to allow tradeoffs to be made while the designs are still fluid. An efficient optimization process must involve all aspects of the system, including costs, from the beginning.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, we explore the methodology behind the design of a hybrid control strategy. We also discuss the APU and battery design characteristics that are crucial to the strategy design, focusing on the interdependence of these design characteristics within the entire system. Finally, we propose a process for the development of an optimized hybrid powertrain and the corresponding control algorithm.</div>
In vitro suppression of normal human bone marrow progenitor cells by human immunodeficiency virus (1991)

Incubation of normal human nonadherent and T-cell-depleted bone marrow cells with HIVIIIB at multiplicities of infection (MOI) ranging from 0.0001:1 to 1:1 reverse transcriptase (RT) units resulted in the dose-dependent suppression of the in vitro growth of erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E), granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), and T-lymphocyte (CFU-TL) colonies of progenitor cells. Maximum inhibition of colony formation was observed at a 1:1 ratio of virus to bone marrow cells. At this MOI, BFU-E and CFU-GM colonies were inhibited by 60 to 80%, while CFU-TL colonies were totally suppressed. Inhibition of colony formation was also observed at an MOI of 0.1:1 but not with further log dilutions of the virus. Incubation of the virus with antibody to gp160 resulted in the complete reversal of stem cell suppression and the normalization of colony growth in vitro. For BFU-E and CFU-GM colonies, this reversal was observed with dilutions of antibody up to 1:100 and was no longer observed at titers greater than 1:500. The CFU-TL colony number normalized at titers between 1:10 and 1:50. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) also suppressed by 50% the growth of colonies derived from CD34+ stem cell fractions. Infection of CD34+ cells and T-cell-depleted, nonadherent cell fractions was demonstrated by detection with HIV-specific DNA probe following amplification by polymerase chain reaction. The results suggest that HIV can directly infect human bone marrow progenitor cells and affect their ability to proliferate and give rise to colonies in vitro. The results indicate a direct role for the virus in bone marrow suppression and a possible mechanism for the cytopenias observed in patients with AIDS.
Noniterative Digital AC Bridge Balance (2010)

This paper proposes an automatic digital ac bridge-balance technique, which is fast and suitable for high-frequency phase and impedance measurement. Digital ac bridges are balanced by least-mean-square algorithms in the feedback path. This traditional heuristic method is less efficient to converge to the balance point of the digital ac bridge unless certain parameters are appropriately selected. In this paper, a simple method has been proposed, in which balance parameters can be analytically computed by a microcontroller and a corrective action is fed to the digital bridge to achieve null. The technique has four stages of measurement to compute to reach bridge balance without any iteration. This method has a promising potential in the development of accurate miniaturized seamlessly frequency-adjustable eddy-current nondestructive test instruments. Simulation examples, along with the experimental results, are shown in this paper to emphasize the accuracy and reliability of this technique.