gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tactical Cloudlets: Moving Cloud Computing to the Edge (2014)

Soldiers and front-line personnel operating in tactical environments increasingly make use of handheld devices to help with tasks such as face recognition, language translation, decision-making, and mission planning. These resource constrained edge environments are characterized by dynamic context, limited computing resources, high levels of stress, and intermittent network connectivity. Cyber-foraging is the leverage of external resource-rich surrogates to augment the capabilities of resource-limited devices. In cloudlet-based cyber-foraging, resource-intensive computation and data is offloaded to cloudlets. Forward-deployed, discoverable, virtual-machine-based tactical cloudlets can be hosted on vehicles or other platforms to provide infrastructure to offload computation, provide forward data staging for a mission, perform data filtering to remove unnecessary data from streams intended for dismounted users, and serve as collection points for data heading for enterprise repositories. This paper describes tactical cloudlets and presents experimentation results for five different cloudlet provisioning mechanisms. The goal is to demonstrate that cyber-foraging in tactical environments is possible by moving cloud computing concepts and technologies closer to the edge so that tactical cloudlets, even if disconnected from the enterprise, can provide capabilities that can lead to enhanced situational awareness and decision making at the edge.
Reference Electrode Placement in Thin Solid Electrolytes (2002)

To separate anode and cathode contributions to the impedance of a thin solid electrolyte cell, many workers place a reference electrode on the surface of the inactive electrolyte, coplanar with the working electrode. This practice is evaluated theoretically using finite-element calculations of the real and imaginary potential distributions in the electrolyte under the conditions of ac impedance. The results of this analysis show that minor errors in the alignment of the anode and cathode can create significant errors in the measured half-cell overpotential. These errors involve not only quantitative scaling factors, but also cross-contamination of anode and cathode frequency response in the measured half-cell impedances. Even if electrodes are perfectly aligned, differences between the anode and cathode kinetics and/or frequency response may cause inherent distortion of the impedance, including frequency dispersion and inductive artifacts. We evaluate two approaches (pellets and microelectrode arrays) that can be used to avoid ambiguities. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Mth10b, a Unique Member of the Sac10b Family, Does Not Bind Nucleic Acid (2011)

The Sac10b protein family is regarded as a group of nucleic acid-binding proteins that are highly conserved and widely distributed within archaea. All reported members of this family are basic proteins that exist as homodimers in solution and bind to DNA and/or RNA without apparent sequence specificity in vitro. Here, we reported a unique member of the family, Mth10b from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum ΔH, whose amino acid sequence shares high homology with other Sac10b family proteins. However, unlike those proteins, Mth10b is an acidic protein; its potential isoelectric point is only 4.56, which is inconsistent with the characteristics of a nucleic acid-binding protein. In this study, Mth10b was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using a three-column chromatography purification procedure. Biochemical characterization indicated that Mth10b should be similar to typical Sac10b family proteins with respect to its secondary and tertiary structure and in its preferred oligomeric forms. However, an electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) showed that neither DNA nor RNA bound to Mth10b in vitro, indicating that either Mth10b likely has a physiological function that is distinct from those of other Sac10b family members or nucleic acid-binding ability may not be a fundamental factor to the actual function of the Sac10b family.
Attitude control experiments of biped walking robot based on environmental force interaction (2002)

In this paper, the attitude control of the biped robot based on the robust reactive force control is proposed, which can locally suppresses the unknown disturbances on the terrain. The method is investigated through the experiments of the 14-axes biped robot. The position of the center of mass and the attitude of the body is well controlled within /spl plusmn/0.03 [m] and /spl plusmn/0.04 [rad] (=/spl plusmn/2.3 [deg]) errors.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Persists in the Light Zone of Germinal Centres (2008)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most contagious viruses of animals and is recognised as the most important constraint to international trade in animals and animal products. Two fundamental problems remain to be understood before more effective control measures can be put in place. These problems are the FMDV "carrier state" and the short duration of immunity after vaccination which contrasts with prolonged immunity after natural infection. Here we show by laser capture microdissection in combination with quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical analysis and corroborate by in situ hybridization that FMDV locates rapidly to, and is maintained in, the light zone of germinal centres following primary infection of naïve cattle. We propose that maintenance of non-replicating FMDV in these sites represents a source of persisting infectious virus and also contributes to the generation of long-lasting antibody responses against neutralising epitopes of the virus.
FASB/IASB Revisiting the Concepts: a comment on Hicks and the concept of ‘income’ in the conceptual framework (2005)

Preliminary note: The status of this FASB/IASB ‘communications’ paper (dated May 2005) on ‘a new conceptual framework project’ 1 is not entirely clear. It is written by FASB and IASB staff members (Halsey G. Bullen and Kimberley Crook) but does not carry any of the customary disclaimers as to the status of staff opinions relative to the Boards’ need for extensive due processes etc., and it is billed without explanation on the Boards’ websites. We therefore have to presume it is to be taken as an authoritative joint statement of how the two Boards currently intend to undertake the convergence of their existing conceptual frameworks, even though there has not apparently been any prior exposure for public comment. Nor is any comment now invited. However, given the highly contestable nature of many of the arguments the paper contains, it would seem appropriate that the Boards do invite public comment before any decisions are taken to expend further resources on pursuing the line of approach for converging and revising their conceptual frameworks that is set forth in the paper. We ourselves may prepare a fuller comment in due course. However, here we focus principally on what appears to be—and is predicted in the paper to continue to be—the bedrock of the Boards’ frameworks, namely the conceptual ‘primacy of assets’ (p.9) and especially its purported derivation from Professor Sir John Hicks’s (1946) definition of ‘income’ (p.7; p.18). Since other national standard setters, such as the UK’s ASB, also have similar frameworks (referred to at p.3 of the paper), we are copying this comment to the ASB as well (as Richard Macve is also a member of the ASB’s Academic Panel and Michael Bromwich is a former member of the ASC). Further discussion of the ASB’s own Statement of Principles, which is also relevant to the arguments we make here and cites further relevant literature, may be found in Bromwich (2001). We trust this comment will be made public in the normal way for comment letters sent to the respective Boards, and we shall be glad to see the Boards’ response (whether joint or several) to this and others’ comments in due course. We would of course be happy to amplify any of the points made here and to provide appropriate references to further reading if that would be helpful to Board members and staff.
On the use of Genetic Algorithms for Solving Ill-Posed Problems (2003)

In this article we investigate the use of genetic algorithms for regularizing ill-posed problems. Various approaches of genetic algorithms are considered in order to deal with the numerical problems caused by the instability of the solution of ill-posed problems. Two test examples, a simple one-dimensional ill-posed problem and the Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation are considered in order to illustrate the performance and limitations of genetic algorithms when applied to inverse and ill-posed problems. The combination of genetic algorithms with other regularization methods such as the function specification method is also investigated.
The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. Purification, Properties and Characterization of Mutants (1980)

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO was purified by affinity chromatography on ethanol-Sepharose 2B followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The overall purification was 130-fold based on enzyme activity. The purified complex contained three major and one minor polypeptide components when analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These were identified by heat treatment, limited proteolysis and peptide mapping as pyruvate dehydrogenase (El; Mr 92500), acetyltransferases (E2; major component, Mr 76000, and minor component, Mr 77800) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3; Mr 58000). The purified complex had a sedimentation coefficient of 48S and the specific activity for the overall reaction of the complex was 6.5 micromol substrate transformed (mg protein)-1 min-1 at the optimum pH (7.8) and 25 degrees C. The lesions in four ace mutants lacking overall pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity were identified after partial purification of the corresponding cell-free extracts. Three strains, designated ace A mutants, lacked pyruvate dehydrogenase activity (E1 component) and one strain, and ace B mutant, lacked the activity of the acetyltransferase (E2 component).
Polymer-Drug Grafts for Iron Chelation (1976)

Abstract Accidental poisonings account for a large pronortion of children's accidents. There is a need to improve the emerqency treatment of poisonings, particularly to decrease the period of coma and t o minimize mortality.
The major histocompatibility complex determines susceptibility to cytotoxic T cells directed against minor histocompatibility antigens. (1975)

Cytotoxic cells were generated by immunizing one strain of mouse with cells from an allogeneic strain which carries the same H-2 region. The effector cells assayed in a 4 h 51Cr release assay were shown to be T cells and indistinguishable, except in specificity, from cytotoxic T cells directed at H-2 alloantigens. Although the genetic differences between responder and stimulator cells responsible for the immunization did not code in H-2, the H-2 complex did restrict susceptibility of target cells. For example, BALB.B cytotoxic cells (H-2b) immunized against and capable of lysing C57BL/6 cells (H-2b) would not lyse B6.C/H-2d target cells. C57BL/6 and B6.C/H-2d are congenic and differ in the H-2 region. Two hypotheses are considered to explain the H-2 restriction of susceptibility to cytotoxic T cells generated by an H-2 identical alloimmunization. (a) The dual (self) recognition hypothesis states that the cytotoxic cell has two recognition units, one for H-2-coded structures and another clonally restricted receptor for the minor alloantigen. (b) The interaction antigen hypothesis states that all the surface alloantigenic determinants recognized by cytotoxic T cells are the result of interaction between H-2- and non-H-2-coded gene products. Two lines of evidence, one with F1 effector cells and the other a cold target competition experiment, are presented which argue strongly in favor of the interaction antigen hypothesis. The regions of H-2 required to be histocompatible were mapped to the D region and to the left of IC, probably the K region. These results, and recent work on the response to virus-infected and TNP-modified syngeneic cells, suggest that cytotoxic cells are restricted in specificity to preferentially recognizing alterations in structures that are coded in the major histocompatibility complex.
PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN PATHOLOGIC MYOPIA (1992)

A retrospective study was conducted of 308 eyes with pathologic myopia obtained from 202 patients (23 surgical eyes; 285 post mortem eyes) over a 67-year period. Histopathologic findings and percentage of eyes affected, in decreasing order of frequency, were myopic configuration of the optic nerve head, 37.7%; posterior staphyloma, 35.4%; degenerative changes of the vitreous, 35.1%; cobblestone degeneration, 14.3%; myopic degeneration of the retina, 11.4%; retinal detachment, 11.4%; retinal pits, holes, or tears, 8.1%; subretinal neovascularization, 5.2%; lattice degeneration, 4.9%; Fuchs spot, 3.2%; and lacquer cracks, 0.6%. The reasons for enucleation in the surgically obtained eyes included, in decreasing order of frequency: degeneration after retinal detachment; secondary glaucoma; endophthalmitis; postsurgical epithelial ingrowth; expulsive hemorrhage; degeneration after cataract extraction; and presumed intraocular tumor. Clinicopathologic correlations are discussed.
How NAT-compatible are VoIP applications? (2010)

Today, the Internet is very diversified, further complicating the classic NAT traversal problems. In order to solve these problems, there are many proposed methods classified into two categories. One enhances the NAT traversal techniques of applications, and the other tries to modify the behavior of NATs. In this article we focus on the former because NATs have been installed, and their behavior cannot be altered through endpoint users. Accordingly, in order to test NAT traversal techniques of five VoIP applications (Skype, MSN, Google Talk, X-Lite, and Linphone), three network topologies have been designed with two endpoints behind the same, different, or multilevel NATs. Through a series of experiments and from the experiment results, we observe that these VoIP applications use some traversal techniques, such as NAT mappedaddress probe, peer discovery, path check, and relay first, proposed by STUN, TURN, and ICE to make a direct connection when endpoints are behind the same or different NATs with independent mapping rules. However, with multilevel NATs, no endpoints can establish a direct connection when they use the above mentioned techniques, even if hairpin behavior is supported by NATs.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FINITE MIXTURE OF EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTIONS BY CONDITIONAL MOMENTS OF NONADJACENT RECORD VALUES (2000)

In the present paper, the finite mixture of exponential distributions(Everitt and Hand(1981)and Johnson et al.(1994))is characterized by using the recurrence relations of conditional moments of nonadjacent upper record values. Furthermore, we also mention a similar theorem to characterize the finite mixture of exponential distributions by using the recurrence relations of conditional moments of nonadjacent lower record values.
CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>regulatory T cells limit the risk of autoimmune disease arising from T cell receptor crossreactivity (2005)

The molecular-mimicry theory proposes that immune crossreactivity between microbial and self-antigen is the initiating event in the activation of autoaggressive immune responses leading to autoimmune disease. In support of this possibility, it is now accepted that T cell recognition of antigen is highly degenerate. However, it is to be expected that the immune system would have evolved mechanisms to counter such a potential danger. We studied the influence of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) on the ability of suboptimal T cell receptor ligands to provoke autoimmunity. By using CD4(+) T cell-driven experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis as a model, it was found that depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg allowed pathology to develop in response to suboptimal T cell stimulation. These data demonstrate the importance of Treg in raising the threshold of triggering of autoreactive T cell responses, thus limiting the risk of autoimmune disease due to molecular mimicry.
Serum Angiopoietin-Like Protein 2 Concentrations Are Independently Associated with Heart Failure (2015)

Our results demonstrate a higher circulating ANGPTL2 level in patients with HF, and the upregulating ANGPTL2 levels might be associated with metabolic derangements and inflammation.
Learner Characteristics that Influence the Treatment Effectiveness of Early Literacy Interventions: A Meta‐Analytic Review (2003)

The purpose of this article was to systematically review the available research on learner characteristics that influence the treatment effectiveness of early literacy interventions. Meta‐analytic procedures were applied to a total of 30 studies that met the inclusionary and exclusionary criteria. Mean average effect sizes were computed for seven primary learner characteristic categories: (1) rapid naming, (2) alphabetic principle, (3) phonological awareness, (4) problem behavior, (5) memory, (6) IQ, and (7) demographic. The primary learner characteristics that influenced the treatment responsiveness of early literacy interventions were, in order of magnitude, rapid naming, problem behavior, phonological awareness, alphabetic principle, memory, IQ, and demographics. With the exception of the demographic category, the obtained effect sizes for the primary learner characteristics were moderately large. The demographic primary learner characteristic (i.e., disability, ethnicity, grade‐level status) of children was not statistically ( p < 0.05) distinct from zero. The findings, limitations, and future research needs are discussed.
First Dioxomolybdenum(VI) Complexes Containing Chiral Oxazoline Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity (2001)

The cis-[MoO2(N,O)2] complexes containing chiral oxazoline ligands (N,O) [1: N,O = A, (4′R)-2-(4′-ethyl-3′,4′-dihydroxazol-2′-yl)phenolato; 2: N,O = B, (4′S)-2-(4′-isopropyl-3′,4′-dihydroxazol-2′-yl)phenolato] were synthesised and characterised, both in solution and in the solid state. These pseudo-octahedral neutral complexes were obtained as mixtures of diastereomers due to the chirality of the ligand and at the metal centre (Δ or Λ). Theoretical DFT calculations corroborate the isomer distribution. For complex 1, the two major diastereomers, Δ-N-cis-1 and Λ-N-trans-1, crystallised independently and the molecular structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. NMR experiments at 800 MHz for 2 allowed the determination of the isomeric composition in solution. The product distribution depends on the coordinating nature of the solvent. Complexes 1 and 2 catalyse the oxidation of triphenylphosphane and styrene.
Improving Energy Efficiency of GPUs through Data Compression and Compressed Execution (2016)

GPU design trends show that the register file size will continue to increase to enable even more thread level parallelism. As a result register file consumes a large fraction of the total GPU chip power. This paper explores register file data compression for GPUs to improve power efficiency. Compression reduces the width of the register file read and write operations, which in turn reduces dynamic power. This work is motivated by the observation that the register values of threads within the same warp are similar, namely the arithmetic differences between two successive thread registers is small. Compression exploits the value similarity by removing data redundancy of register values. Without decompressing operand values some instructions can be processed inside register file, which enables to further save energy by minimizing data movement and processing in power hungry main execution unit. Evaluation results show that the proposed techniques save 25 percent of the total register file energy consumption and 21 percent of the total execution unit energy consumption with negligible performance impact.
Preparation and characterization of micron‐sized magnetic microspheres by one‐step suspension polymerization (2007)

Abstract Micron‐sized magnetic microspheres with different functional groups were prepared by one‐step suspension copolymerization of styrene, divinyl benzene, and methyl methacrylate in the presence of oleic acid‐coated magnetic nanoparticles. In the present work, we used benzoyl peroxide as an initiator and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA‐1788; degree of polymerization: 1,700; degree of hydrolysis: 88%) as a stabilizer. We also added acrylamide (AM) monomer in the aqueous phase and methacrylic acid (MAA) in the oil phase. The morphology and properties of the resulting magnetic microspheres were examined by optical micrographs (OMs), vibrating‐sample magnetometer (VSM), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT IR). The results showed the three products have uniform and spherical form with superparamagnetism and well dispersion. Moreover, we found that monomer AM had a little contribution to the copolymerization, and MAA could strikingly decrease the diameter of the final microspheres. The magnetic microspheres with functional groups could be linked well with the IgG‐FITC. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Safety of a Preservative-Free Acidified Saline Nasal Spray (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> To determine the safety and tolerance of a buffered preservative-free acidified solution as an alternative to standard chemical preservatives to prevent microbial contamination of saline nasal spray. <h3>Design</h3> Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. <h3>Setting</h3> Tertiary academic medical center. <h3>Participants</h3> Healthy volunteers with no history or signs of sinonasal disease. <h3>Interventions</h3> Twenty volunteers used a buffered preservative-free acidified solution in a saline nasal spray and a benzalkonium chloride–containing saline nasal spray for 1 week each, separated by a 1-week washout period. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> At study enrollment and after using each nasal spray solution, participants completed a visual analog scale symptom questionnaire and the 20-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test and underwent nasal endoscopic examination, which was graded using a modified Lund-Kennedy scoring system. At the end of each test period, the contents of each nasal spray bottle were cultured for microorganism growth. <h3>Results</h3> All 20 participants completed the study. Four participants who developed upper respiratory tract illnesses during the study period were excluded from secondary analyses. No differences were observed in specific sinonasal symptoms or nasal endoscopy findings after use of either nasal spray. No nasal spray solutions from either group had any microorganism growth. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In a short-term study with a small sample size, a preservative-free acidified solution seems to be safe and well tolerated, while maintaining sterility in a multiple-dose applicator without use of chemical preservatives.