gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Synthesis of Aqueous Quantum Dots through 4,4′-Bipyridine-Based Twin Ligand Strategy (2012)

We report a new class of derivatized 4,4'-bipyridinium ligands for use in synthesizing highly fluorescent, extremely stable, water-soluble CdSe and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) for bioconjugation. We employed an evaporation-condensation technique, also known as solvated metal atom dispersion (SMAD), followed by a digestive ripening procedure. This method has been used to synthesize both metal nanoparticles and semiconductors in the gram scale with several stabilizing ligands in various solvents. The SMAD technique comprised evaporation condensation and stabilization of CdSe or CdTe in tetrahydrofuran. The as-prepared product was then digestively ripened in both water and dimethyl formamide, leading to narrowing of the particle size distributions. The ligands were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution (S(N)2) reactions using 4,4'-bipyridine as a nucleophile. Confocal microscopy images revealed the orange color of the nanocrystalline QDs with diameters of ~5 nm. The size has been confirmed by using transmission electron microscopy. As a part of our strategy, 85% of the 4,4'-bipyridinium salt was synthesized as propionic acid derivative and used to both stabilize the QDs in water and label basic amino acids and different biomarkers utilizing the carboxylic acid functional group. Fifteen percent of the 4,4'-bipyridinium salt was synthesized as N-propyl maleimide and used as a second ligand to label any protein containing the amino acid cysteine by means of a 1,4-Michael addition.
Multilingual Aliasing for Auto-Generating Proposition Banks (2016)

Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) is the task of identifying the predicate-argument structure in sentences with semantic frame and role labels. For the English language, the Proposition Bank provides both a lexicon of all possible semantic frames and large amounts of labeled training data. In order to expand SRL beyond English, previous work investigated automatic approaches based on parallel corpora to automatically generate Proposition Banks for new target languages (TLs). However, this approach heuristically produces the frame lexicon from word alignments, leading to a range of lexicon-level errors and inconsistencies. To address these issues, we propose to manually alias TL verbs to existing English frames. For instance, the German verb drehen may evoke several meanings, including “turn something” and “film something”. Accordingly, we alias the former to the frame TURN.01 and the latter to a group of frames that includes FILM.01 and SHOOT.03. We execute a large-scale manual aliasing effort for three target languages and apply the new lexicons to automatically generate large Proposition Banks for Chinese, French and German with manually curated frames. We present a detailed evaluation in which we find that our proposed approach significantly increases the quality and consistency of the generated Proposition Banks. We release these resources to the research community.
MR imaging of gene delivery to the central nervous system with an artificial vector. (1998)

Dextran-based nonviral DNA delivery systems are capable of transfecting cells and can be visualized with MR imaging.
Effect of growth temperature and substrate materials on epitaxial growth of coronene (1998)

Epitaxial growth of coronene (C24H12) was studied on substrates having no dangling bonds, such as hydrogen-terminated Si(111), MoS2, MoTe2, and muscovite by using reflection high-energy electron diffraction. It was found that the sticking coefficient and the maximum thickness of the epitaxial films are strongly dependent on the substrate materials as well as on the growth temperature. The effectiveness of molecular mechanics calculation was examined by comparing the calculated stabilization energies with the experimental results. Importance of the electronic structure of substrates has been revealed and its effect was estimated quantitatively using the Lifshitz theory. The tendency that the interfacial dispersion force is stronger for smaller band gap materials has been shown from theoretical consideration.
Nuclear immunolocalization of P-glycoprotein in multidrug-resistant cell lines showing similar mechanisms of doxorubicin distribution. (1995)

The MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein is a plasma membrane efflux pump which is responsible for multiple drug resistance of cancer cells. Although the ability of multidrug-resistant cells to exclude drugs from the nucleus is a distinctive and possibly the main mechanism for resistance against a number of drugs, including doxorubicin, this phenomenon is not entirely understood. In this paper, the relationship between doxorubicin subcellular distribution and P-glycoprotein activity at different cell sites has been investigated by different techniques. Cytofluorometry and confocal microscopy were used to study doxorubicin subcellular distribution in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells and in the multidrug-resistant variant U-2 OS/DX580. Stable levels of doxorubicin accumulation were found in the nuclei of sensitive cells, whereas the absence of detectable levels of drug in the nuclei of resistant cells could be attributed to an energy-dependent mechanism. Moreover, in resistant cells, inhibition of P-glycoprotein activity was able to induce drug accumulation in the nuclei of resistant cells and to achieve cytotoxic effects comparable to those observed in sensitive cells. Similar results were also found in isolated nuclei from U-2 OS/DX580 cells. The expression of P-glycoprotein in U-2 OS/DX580 and in two other multidrug-resistant cell lines (SW948-R-300 and LoVo-R-100) was investigated by confocal microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy, by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against this protein. Higher levels of P-glycoprotein expression, not only in the plasma membrane and inside the cytoplasm, but also in the nucleus, were found in U-2 OS/DX580 and in LoVo-R-100 multidrug-resistant cells compared to their corresponding sensitive cells. SW948-R-300 cells, featuring increased amounts of MDR1 mRNA but lacking P-glycoprotein expression at the cell surface, showed a higher P-glycoprotein immunolabeling only in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. The localization of P-glycoprotein in the nucleus of multidrug-resistant cells was confirmed also by studies on isolated nuclei and nuclear matrices, and by Western blot analysis on total cell and isolated nuclear extracts. These findings, suggesting the possible involvement of nuclear P-glycoprotein in the regulation of subcellular doxorubicin distribution in multidrug-resistant cells, open new insights on the mechanisms of P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance to anticancer drugs.
Mechanisms Leading to Losses in Conventional Betavoltaics and Evolution: Utilizing Composite Semiconductor With Infused Radioisotope for Efficiency Improvement (2014)

In this paper, we demonstrate remarkably improved efficiency over various conventional betavoltaics with critical energy loss problems. Radioactive sulfur ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">35</sup> S) was uniformly infused within a semiconductor material (selenium) and volumetrically encapsulated in the harvesting betavoltaic cells. By eliminating or reducing the potential loss factors with this new method, highly efficient energy conversion was achieved compared with conventional approaches. First and second generation prototype devices were fabricated and tested. A maximum output power of 687 nW was obtained from the micropower source using 33.61 mCi of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">35</sup> S. The overall efficiency of the prototype device was 7.05%.
Adaptive Middleware for Uniform Access to Legacy Systems for Mobile Clients (2006)

The trends of mobile accessibility are bringing new challenges to the viability of computerized systems that can't support mobile clients. Taking in instead of ignoring the ever-increasing number of mobile users is important and urgent to save legacy properties and maintain business prosperity. And a uniform access to heterogeneous end hosts is most desirable for computationally challenged mobile devices. To address the above two issues, this paper proposes a mobile adaptive data accessing middleware (MADAM). It uses a non-intrusive way to mobilize legacy systems and offer a consistent accessing interface to mobile users. MADAM provides the adaptability of heterogeneity for both sides. On the client side, a context structure is used to differentiate clients' circumstances. On the server side, a service registration mechanism allows components customized for specific servers to be easily added or removed. MADAM achieves good extensibility and performance by adopting a semi service oriented architecture. Experiments with a prototype implementation show the validity of MADAM
TransferTransfo: A Transfer Learning Approach for Neural Network Based Conversational Agents (2019)

We introduce a new approach to generative data-driven dialogue systems (e.g. chatbots) called TransferTransfo which is a combination of a Transfer learning based training scheme and a high-capacity Transformer model. Fine-tuning is performed by using a multi-task objective which combines several unsupervised prediction tasks. The resulting fine-tuned model shows strong improvements over the current state-of-the-art end-to-end conversational models like memory augmented seq2seq and information-retrieval models. On the privately held PERSONA-CHAT dataset of the Conversational Intelligence Challenge 2, this approach obtains a new state-of-the-art, with respective perplexity, Hits@1 and F1 metrics of 16.28 (45 % absolute improvement), 80.7 (46 % absolute improvement) and 19.5 (20 % absolute improvement).
Learning Articulated Constraints From a One-Shot Demonstration for Robot Manipulation Planning (2019)

Robots manipulating in domestic environments generally need to interact with articulated objects, such as doors, drawers, laptops and swivel chairs. The rigid bodies that make up these objects are connected by a revolute pair or a prismatic pair. Robots are expected to learn and understand the objects’ articulated constraints with a simple interaction method. In this way, the autonomy of robot manipulation will be greatly improved in an environment with unstructured constraints. In this paper, a method is proposed to obtain the articulated objects’ constraint model by learning from a one-shot continuous visual demonstration which contains multistep movements, and this enables human teacher to continuously demonstrate several tasks at once without manual segmentation. At the end of this paper, a six-degree-of-freedom robot uses the constraint model obtained by demonstration learning to achieve manipulation planning of various tasks based on the AG-CBiRRT algorithm.
Modeling a fluidized-bed reactor for the catalytic polymerization of ethylene: particle size distribution effects (2005)

Particle size distributions in the out- put stream of commercial, fluidized-bed reactors for ethylene polymerization are analyzed using a mathematical model. The impact on the overall reac- tor performance of the universe of sizes for the par- ticles in the bed, with only a fraction of them being extracted in the product flow, is studied. For the out- put stream, product size distribution is modeled us- ing both triangular and generalized gamma func- tions. Extraction system parameters are employed to model the particle quantity and sizes. The impor- tance of the proper modeling of the extraction sys- tem is shown through the analysis of the effects sev- eral output schemes have on the particle size distri- bution inside the fluidized-bed. Some of the main reactor variables, such as yield and temperature, are studied for several distributions. Operating vari- ables, such as catalyst feed rate, are varied according to the reactor capacity in a typical, 12 meter bed, 130,000 ton/year reactor. Predictions indicate higher output rates for higher catalyst loads, as expected. A shift towards smaller particle sizes in the product and in the bed is observed when increasing catalyst load. Bed fluidization and heat exchange conditions are shown as affected by size distributions. Results show that it is appropriate to include both product and bed particle diameter distribution when study- ing the reactor performance.
Iron Transport Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate in Animal Health and Diseases (2019)

Gut health is the starting place for maintaining the overall health of an animal. Strategies to maintain gut health are, thus, an important part in achieving the goal of improving animal health. A new strategy to do this involves two molecules: the iron transport protein ovotransferrin (IT) and α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), which result in the novel formulation of ITPGS. These molecules help reduce gut pathogens, while enhancing the absorption and bioavailability of therapeutic drugs, phytomedicines, and nanomedicines. This, in turn, helps to maintain normal health in animals. Maintaining the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in its normal condition is key for successful absorption and efficacy of any nutrient. A compromised GIT, due to an imbalance (dysbiosis) in the GIT microbiome, can lead to an impaired GI barrier system with impaired absorption and overall health of the animal. The molecules in ITPGS may address the issue of poor absorption by keeping the GI system healthy by maintaining the normal microbiome and improving the absorption of nutrients through multiple mechanisms involving antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activities. The ITPGS technology can allow the dose of active pharmaceutical or herbal medicine to be significantly reduced in order to attain equal or better efficacy. With complimentary actions between IT and TPGS, ITPGS presents a novel approach to increase the bioavailability of drugs, phytoconstituents, nutrients, and nanomedicines by enhanced transport to the tissues at the site of action, while reducing gut pathogen load. The ITPGS approach appears to be a novel strategy for maintaining the health of animals by manipulation of microbiota.
The Chemistry of Organic Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth Compounds (1994)

Partial table of contents: General and Theoretical Aspects (S. Nagase). Structural Chemistry of Organic Compounds Containing Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth (D. Sowerby). Detection, Identification and Determination (T. Crompton). Mass Spectra of the Organometallic Compounds of As, Sb and Bi (Y. Nekrasov & D. Zagorevskii). Substituent Effects of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth Groups (M. Charton). Thermochromism of Organometallic Derivatives Containing As, Sb or Bi (H. Breunig). Electrochemistry (M. Nielsen). Thermolysis (C. McAuliffe & A. Mackie). Syntheses and Uses of Isotopically Labelled Compounds of Bismuth, Antimony and Arsenic (M. Zielinski & M. Kanska). The Biochemistry of Arsenic, Bismuth and Antimony (K. Dill & E. McGown). Safety and Environmental Effects (S. Maeda). Indexes.
Immunodiffusion test for diagnosing and monitoring pythiosis in horses (1986)

A practical, sensitive, and specific immunodiffusion test was developed for diagnosing and monitoring pythiosis in horses. Culture filtrates, a soluble cell mass, and trypsinized Pythium sp. antigens were evaluated against prepared rabbit anti-Pythium sp. serum and pythiosis horse case sera. The culture filtrate antigens demonstrated the greatest capacity for detecting precipitins and the greatest stability during storage. In contrast, the trypsinized antigens had the weakest capability for detecting multiple precipitins and the poorest stability. The 13 sera from horses with proven active pythiosis were positive in immunodiffusion tests with the culture filtrate antigens. Each serum contained from three to six precipitins. Treated horses lost precipitins, and some became antibody negative. No false-positive reactions were noted in tests with sera from normal horses and humans or with sera from a variety of heterologous horse and human infections.
Hybrid data deduplication in cloud environment (2012)

In cloud environments, users store their data or files in cloud storage but it is not infinitely large. In order to reduce the requirement of storage and bandwidth, data deduplication has been applied. Users can share one copy of the duplicate files or data blocks to eliminate redundant data. Besides, considering the privacy of sensitive files, the users hope that the cloud server cannot know any information about those files. They often use certain encryption algorithms to protect the sensitive files before storing them in the cloud storage. Unfortunately, previous schemes have a security problem. These schemes did not satisfy semantic security. In this manuscript, we propose a hybrid data deduplication mechanism which provides a practical solution with partial semantic security.
Incidence of pressure ulcers due to surgery (2002)

Patients undergoing surgery are prone to develop pressure ulcers during the surgical procedure. The aim of the study was to gain insight into the problem by describing the incidence, clinical features and progression of pressure ulcers and closed pressure ulcers in patients undergoing surgery lasting more than 4 hours. A prospective follow-up study was conducted in a university hospital in the Netherlands. Two-hundred and eight patients from nine surgical specialities were included in the study. The skin of patients was observed the evening before surgery and, if the patient's condition allowed it, directly postoperatively and subsequently daily for 14 days or until discharge, whichever occurred first. When patients developed a pressure ulcer they were observed daily until discharge or until the pressure ulcer had healed. The size and colour of the lesion, stage and skin condition were described every day. In addition, data were collected concerning the operation, postoperative period, and general characteristics. Forty-four patients (21.2%) developed 70 pressure ulcers in the first 2 days following surgery. Twenty-one pressure ulcers deteriorated in the days following surgery. More than half (52.9%) of the lesions developed on the heels, and 15.7% developed in the sacral area. Twenty-five patients (12%) were impaired by the lesions they developed. None of the patients in the study developed closed pressure ulcers. Pressure ulcer development during a surgical procedure is a serious problem. Therefore, preventive measures should be taken during surgery and the first few days afterwards, until the patient is able to mobilize independently.
Conductance in Restricted-Dimensionality Accumulation Layers (1982)

Conductance has been studied in metal-oxide-silicon field-effect transistor accumulation-layer samples in which it is possible to constrict the channel to small dimensions both perpendicular to the surface and perpendicular to the channel. A temperature-dependent conductance $\ensuremath{\sigma}={\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}{(\frac{{T}_{0}}{T})}^{n}]$ is observed, where $n=\frac{1}{2}$ for small channel widths and $n=\frac{1}{3}$ for larger channel widths. It is believed that this behavior arises from a transition from one-dimensional to two-dimensional variable-range hopping in the sample.
A new protocol for route discovery in multiple-ring networks. II. Multicast, recovery and high-speed processing (1994)

A new MAC protocol for route discovery in multiple-ring network, called the FTRD-protocol, was introduced in Part I. The present paper shows how the FTRD-protocol can find a description of a tree that spans a group of destinations. By placing such a description in the header of its frame, a source station can efficiently multicast the frame to the destination group. This requires no change in the operation of the source routing bridges. Another issue addressed in the paper is the recovery of the FTRD-protocol from error and failure conditions. When a bridge or the source suspects that the protocol is dead-locked, it initiates an independent recovery protocol that clears the network and prepares it for a new execution of the FTRD-protocol. The last issue addressed in the paper is the execution of the FTRD-protocol in a network with high-speed rings. The problem in such a network is that the bridges do not have sufficient time, after recognizing the route identity, to look in the local table and decide whether the relevant fields in the received frame need to be altered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modification of the Carboxyl Groups of Ribonuclease by Attachment of Glycine or Alanylglycine<sup>*</sup> (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModification of the Carboxyl Groups of Ribonuclease by Attachment of Glycine or Alanylglycine*Meir Wilchek, Asher Frensdorff, and Michael SelaCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 1, 247–252Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00853a038RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (590 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The effect of methyl jasmonate on free fatty acids content in ripening tomato fruits (1992)

The effect of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me), applied to mature green tomato fruits cv. Modena, on the content of some fatty acids in ripe fruits was studied. Methyl jasmonate greatly increased content of linolenic acid and in the lesser degree decreased the amount of linoleic acid. The ratio of linolenic acid to linoleic acid content increased 4.5-7.7 times in methyl jasmonate treated samples in comparison to untreated-controls. JA-Me did not affect the contents of lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic and oleic acids.
Recommending personalized touristic sights using google places (2013)

The purpose of the Contextual Suggestion track, an evaluation task at the TREC 2012 conference, is to suggest personalized tourist activities to an individual, given a certain location and time. In our content-based approach, we collected initial recommendations using the location context as search query in Google Places. We first ranked the recommendations based on their textual similarity to the user profiles. In order to improve the ranking of popular sights, we combined the initial ranking with rankings based on Google Search, popularity and categories. Finally, we performed filtering based on the temporal context. Overall, our system performed well above average and median, and outperformed the baseline - Google Places only -- run.