gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint progress (1973)

Behind that old joke about making fire by rubbing two boy scouts together lies a fundamental fact that man has used ever since the Stone Age: Friction produces heat. Rub virtually any two solid materials against each other, and frictional heat will be generated where the surfaces meet.
Effects of intelligent notification management on users and their tasks (2008)

We present a novel system for notification management and report results from two studies testing its performance and impact. The system uses statistical models to realize defer-to-breakpoint policies for managing notifications. The first study tested how well the models detect three types of breakpoints within novel task sequences. Results show that the models detect breakpoints reasonably well, but struggle to differentiate their type. Our second study explored effects of managing notifications with our system on users and their tasks. Results showed that scheduling notifications at breakpoints reduces frustration and reaction time relative to delivering them immediately. We also found that the relevance of notification content determines the type of breakpoint at which it should be delivered. The core concept of scheduling notifications at breakpoints fits well with how users prefer notifications to be managed. This indicates that users would likely adopt the use of notification management systems in practice.
Yield Response of Watermelon to Planting Density, Planting Pattern, and Polyethylene Mulch (1999)

One or two plants per hill of `Prince Charles' and `Royal Jubilee' watermelon were grown with drip fertigation at five in-row spacings, with or without polyethylene mulch, in four location × year combinations (environments). Rows were 1.5 m apart and in-row spacings were 45, 60, 90, 120, and 150 cm. `Royal Jubilee' yielded more than `Prince Charles' in all environments, and the highest yields were associated with low percent culls and high fruit numbers per hectare. Highest yields of marketable fruits (≥4.5 kg/melon) were obtained using polyethylene mulch and areas per plant between 0.4 and 0.9 m 2 . Average weight per melon, however, was ≥9 kg only at areas per plant >0.9 to 1.0 m 2 . Unless there is a market for small fruits (≥4.5–9 kg), optimum area per plant was ≈1.0 m 2 . Results for one plant per hill at one in-row spacing were similar to those for the alternative planting pattern of two plants per hill at half the in-row spacing, thus supporting the feasibility of using the more economical alternative planting pattern.
Acetylation as a chemical ionization technique in medium-pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcetylation as a chemical ionization technique in medium-pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometryJ. Ronald. Hass, Willard B. Nixon, and Maurice M. BurseyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 7, 1071–1073Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50015a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50015a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Populations of<i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>in Plants Required for Transmission by an Efficient Vector (1997)

ABSTRACT Xylella fastidiosa, a xylem-limited bacterium that causes Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevine and other diseases, is transmitted efficiently by xylem-feeding leafhoppers. Acquisition of a PD strain of X. fastidiosa by the blue-green sharpshooter (BGSS) from five plant host species-grapevine (Vitis vinifera), Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor), California mugwort (Artemisia douglasiana), watergrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon)-was tested at various time intervals after vector inoculation. The minimum incubation periods in plant hosts before BGSS acquired X. fastidiosa were 4, 22, 29, and 25 days for grapevine, blackberry, mugwort, and watergrass, respectively. There were no transmissions by vectors or recoveries of X. fastidiosa by culturing from Bermuda grass in 133 attempts, including 80 attempts with the green sharpshooter, Draeculacephala minerva. The first acquisitions and subsequent transmissions by BGSS occurred after X. fastidiosa multiplied to a population of about 10(4) CFU/g of stem tissue. Higher populations of bacteria in plants resulted in higher rates of transmission. In grapevine, the rate of transmission increased over time (4.5% in the first 10 days to 55% after day 25) as the maximum number of viable CFU of X. fas-tidiosa recovered by culturing also increased (from 5 x 10(5) CFU/g during the first 10 days to 5 x 10(8) after day 25).
PARTIAL HYDROLYSIS OF SILICON TETRACHLORIDE (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPARTIAL HYDROLYSIS OF SILICON TETRACHLORIDEW. C. Schumb and A. J. StevensCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 3, 726Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01195a522https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01195a522research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views350Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biotechnological Screening of Microalgal and Cyanobacterial Strains for Biogas Production and Antibacterial and Antifungal Effects (2014)

Microalgae and cyanobacteria represent a valuable natural resource for the generation of a large variety of chemical substances that are of interest for medical research, can be used as additives in cosmetics and food production, or as an energy source in biogas plants. The variety of potential agents and the use of microalgae and cyanobacteria biomass for the production of these substances are little investigated and not exploited for the market. Due to the enormous biodiversity of microalgae and cyanobacteria, they hold great promise for novel products. In this study, we investigated a large number of microalgal and cyanobacterial strains from the Culture Collection of Algae at Göttingen University (SAG) with regard to their biomass and biogas production, as well antibacterial and antifungal effects. Our results demonstrated that microalgae and cyanobacteria are able to generate a large number of economically-interesting substances in different quantities dependent on strain type. The distribution and quantity of some of these components were found to reflect phylogenetic relationships at the level of classes. In addition, between closely related species and even among multiple isolates of the same species, the productivity may be rather variable.
Acivicin. An antitumor antibiotic. (1981)

Acivicin [(alpha S,5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid; AT-125; NSC-163501] is a fermentation product of Streptomyces sviceus which is active in a variety of mouse tumor models including the L1210 and P388 leukemias, the M5076 ovarian carcinoma, and the MX-1 human breast tumor xenograft. Antitumor activity is probably mediated through the inhibition of enzymes catalyzing amido transfer from L-glutamine, especially CTP synthetase and XMP aminase. In mice, acivicin is absorbed systemically via the p.o., I.P., and S.C. routes and is predominantly excreted in the urine in unchanged form. Although a wide variety of toxicities, including myelosuppression, were noted in dogs and monkeys, vomiting, diarrhea, and pathologic lesions of the GI tract predominated in both species. A marked cumulative toxicity was noted in dogs with 16 mg/m2/day being the lethal dose on the daily x 5 schedule compared to 1000 mg/m2 on the single-dose schedule. An interesting phenomenon was noted in mice wherein older male mice were more resistant to the toxic effects of the drug than female or younger male mice. This sex and age difference in susceptibility to acivicin toxicity was shown to be correlated with differences in pharmacokinetics; older male mice cleared acivicin at approximately twice the rate of females or younger males. No sex differences in toxicity were noted in dogs or monkeys. Because of its activity in mouse tumor systems and acceptable preclinical toxicology patterns, the drug is being introduced into clinical phase I studies under the sponsorship of the National Cancer Institute.
Comparing middle grade students’ oral and written arguments (2020)

Previous research making claims about students’ proving capabilities usually only explored one modality (e.g. oral or written arguments). This study compares the written and oral representations of eighth-grade students’ mathematical arguments to determine whether the two modalities portray similar understandings. We replicate Stylianides’ (2019) analysis using a different temporal sequencing of oral and written arguments and a larger sample size. Using an existing proof scoring scheme, we found a statistically significant difference between students’ written and oral representations of proof. Students often struggled to write arguments they could otherwise represent orally, and we found no evidence that students’ written arguments were more sophisticated than their oral arguments. We also share two illustrative cases representing the disparity between students’ written and oral arguments. The findings of this study suggest that students’ proving capabilities might not be as dire as previous research implies.
Corrosion Inhibition of Copper by Tolyltriazole (1976)

A review is given of the use of tolyltriazole (also called tolutriazole, but more strictly 4-, 5-, or 6-methyl-1 H-benzotriazole) as an inhibitor for copper and brass in a variety of corrosive environments. The effect of a pretreatment with an aqueous solution of tolyltriazole was not as effective as one with benzotriazole in reducing the oxidation of copper in air at elevated temperatures, but it gave a similar degree of protection to copper in different corrosive atmospheres. Tolyltriazole was generally as good as, or better than, benzotriazole in inhibiting the corrosion of copper immersed in different aqueous solutions.
2-Methyl-5-ethoxythiazole and Related Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Methyl-5-ethoxythiazole and Related Compounds1D. S. Tarbell, H. P. Hirschler, and R. B. CarlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 7, 3138–3140Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01163a092RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (361 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Chemically Well-Defined Lithography Using Self-Assembled Monolayers and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy in Nonpolar Organothiol Solutions (2000)

A method of chemically well-defined, scanning tunneling microscope-based lithography is presented in which one thiolate in a self-assembled monolayer is removed and replaced with a second thiol. This method is distinguishable from other lithographic replacement processes on SAMs in that a nonpolar solution and an uncoated tip can be employed. Elevated relative humidity was important in the facility of this process, suggesting an electrochemical mechanism for replacement. The resolution of features written with this process is ca. 10−15 nm. In nonpolar solution, the apparent heights of self-assembled decanethiolate and dodecanethiolate monolayers are reversed compared to those observed in images obtained in air. When the thiol solution was exchanged after the first replacement, writing with two different thiols was demonstrated.
Respiration and Heart Rate Variability during Sleep in Untreated Parkinson Patients (1992)

Twenty-six patients with untreated mild to moderate Parkinson's disease (PD) lasting 5 years or less, were investigated in the sleep laboratory. Sleep architecture and respiration during sleep did not significantly differ from age-matched controls. PD patients showed defective cardiac autonomic control during sleep, mainly parasympathetic but also sympathetic in nature, although they had normal results in conventional autonomic tests during wakefulness. Therefore, autonomic cardiac involvement seems to be an early sign of PD.
Barrier layers for realization of high capacitance density in SrTiO3 thin-film capacitor on silicon (1990)

High dielectric constant SrTiO3 thin films were sputter deposited on barrier layers/Si substrate to fabricate a capacitor for dynamic random access memories. Dielectric constant (εr) values of 140–210 were achieved for the 150-nm-thick SrTiO3 films using a Pt/Ti or Pt/Ta double-layer barrier. In the Pt(50 nm)/Ti(10 nm), Pt(50 nm)/Ti(50 nm), and Pt(50 nm)/Ta(10 nm) barrier, effective εr decreased by annealing in the temperature range between 450 and 550 °C, where the interdiffusion of Pt and Si was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. In the Pt(50 nm)/Ta barrier, increase of the Ta thickness from 10 to 50 nm brought out a remarkable improvement of endurance to high-temperature annealing. That is, in the Pt(50 nm)/Ta(50 nm) barrier, large εr value (∼200) was maintained even with annealing at up to 700 °C.
Dominant-Interfering Hsc70 Mutants Disrupt Multiple Stages of the Clathrin-Coated Vesicle Cycle in Vivo (2001)

Within the clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) cycle, coat assembly drives the internalization of receptors from the cell surface and disassembly allows for the processing of internalized ligands. The heat shock cognate protein, hsc70, has been implicated in regulating coat disassembly. We find that in cells overexpressing ATPase-deficient hsc70 mutants, uncoating of CCVs is inhibited in vivo, and the majority of unassembled cytosolic clathrin shifts to an assembled pool that cofractionates with AP1 and AP2. Surprisingly, this assembled pool of coat proteins accumulates in the absence of cargo receptors, suggesting that disruption of hsc70 activity may cause misassembly of empty clathrin cages. The strongest effect of overexpression of hsc70 mutants is a block in transferrin receptor (TfnR) recycling, which cannot be accounted for by the degree of inhibition of uncoating of endocytic CCVs. These results suggest that hsc70 participates in multiple transport and/or sorting events between endosomal compartments. Additionally, the mutant-expressing cells are defective at internalizing transferrin. In the most potent case, the initial rate of uptake is inhibited 10-fold, and TfnR levels double at the cell surface. Our findings demonstrate that hsc70 indeed regulates coat disassembly and also suggest that this chaperone broadly modulates clathrin dynamics throughout the CCV cycle.
Human FAT1 cadherin controls cell migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma through the localization of β-catenin (2011)

FAT1 [Homo sapiens FAT tumor suppressor homolog 1 (Drosophila)] is an intrinsic membrane protein classified as a member of the cadherin superfamily. The FAT1 gene is a tumor suppressor in humans as well as being the pivotal gene for cell morphogenesis and migration. Deletion of this gene could play a role in the characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), involving cell adhesion, migration and/or invasion. This study investigated the mechanisms by which FAT1 is involved in the biological behavior of OSCCs. First, a rat monoclonal antibody was developed against a FAT1 intra-cellular domain epitope, and used for an immunohistochemical study of FAT1 in clinically obtained OSCC samples. FAT1 was localized at lamellipodial edges or cell-cell boundaries in normal cells and well differentiated OSCCs, but showed a diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution in moderately-poorly differentiated OSCCs. FAT1-siRNA was transfected into OSCCs resulting in a drastic inhibition of cell migration and invasion based on the suppression of FAT1 expression and disorganized localization of β-catenin which is associated with cell polarity and migration. These results suggested that FAT1 may be involved in the migration and invasion mechanisms of OSCCs and, therefore, it could be an important target for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Doxycycline-Induced Esophageal Ulceration in the U.S. Military Service (2000)

U.S. military forces are frequently deployed with little warning to regions of the world where chloroquine-resistant malaria is endemic. Doxycycline is often used for malaria chemoprophylaxis in these environments. The use of doxycycline can be complicated by esophageal injury. Two cases of esophageal ulceration will be discussed, followed by a review of the literature. Doxycycline causes esophageal injury through a combination of drug-specific factors, the circumstances of drug administration, and individual patient conditions. Patients with dysphagia attributable to esophageal ulceration are managed by intravenous fluid support and control of gastric acid reflux until their symptoms resolve over 5 to 7 days. The risk of esophageal injury can be minimized by use of fresh capsules, drug administration in the upright position well before lying down to sleep, and drinking at least 100 ml of water after swallowing the medication.
Genome Sequence of the Streptomycin-Producing Microorganism<i>Streptomyces griseus</i>IFO 13350 (2008)

We determined the complete genome sequence of Streptomyces griseus IFO 13350, a soil bacterium producing an antituberculosis agent, streptomycin, which is the first aminoglycoside antibiotic, discovered more than 60 years ago. The linear chromosome consists of 8,545,929 base pairs (bp), with an average G+C content of 72.2%, predicting 7,138 open reading frames, six rRNA operons (16S-23S-5S), and 66 tRNA genes. It contains extremely long terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of 132,910 bp each. The telomere's nucleotide sequence and secondary structure, consisting of several palindromes with a loop sequence of 5'-GGA-3', are different from those of typical telomeres conserved among other Streptomyces species. In accordance with the difference, the chromosome has pseudogenes for a conserved terminal protein (Tpg) and a telomere-associated protein (Tap), and a novel pair of Tpg and Tap proteins is instead encoded by the TIRs. Comparisons with the genomes of two related species, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces avermitilis, clarified not only the characteristics of the S. griseus genome but also the existence of 24 Streptomyces-specific proteins. The S. griseus genome contains 34 gene clusters or genes for the biosynthesis of known or unknown secondary metabolites. Transcriptome analysis using a DNA microarray showed that at least four of these clusters, in addition to the streptomycin biosynthesis gene cluster, were activated directly or indirectly by AdpA, which is a central transcriptional activator for secondary metabolism and morphogenesis in the A-factor (a gamma-butyrolactone signaling molecule) regulatory cascade in S. griseus.
Stroke Stratification Scores in the Leipzig Heart Center AF Ablation Registry (2013)

All three stroke stratification scores are associated with risk of thromboembolic (TE) events in anticoagulated patients after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). This article presents the information from the Incidence and Risk Factors for Thromboembolic Events After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: The Leipzig Heart Center AF Ablation Registry.
Heisenberg limited Sagnac interferometry (2007)

We show how the entangled photons produced in parametric down conversion can be used to improve the sensitivity of a Sagnac interferometer. Two-photon and four-photon coincidences increases the sensitivity by a factor of two and four respectively. Our results apply to sources with arbitrary pumping and squeezing parameters.