gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Avian RNA Tumor Virus Structural Proteins (1974)

A great deal of recent research on RNA tumor viruses has been concerned both with the intracellular location and replication of virus-specific nucleic acids and with the functional architecture of the virus particle. By comparison, little is known about the synthesis of virus-specific proteins. Host cell growth and protein synthesis continue during oncornavirus infection, and the synthesis of viral proteins constitutes only a small percentage of the total. Avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV)-infected chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, for example, devote only about 1% of total cell protein synthesis to AMV structural proteins. By using an antiserum prepared against detergent-disrupted AMV to selectively precipitate viral polypeptides, the intracellular translation of viral proteins can be probed despite the vast background of cellular synthesis. The polypeptides present in this immune precipitate can then be analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Using this technique, we demonstrated (Vogt and Eisenman 1973)...
Highly crystallized poly (lactic acid) under high pressure (2012)

Biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA) usually has a crystallinity less than 10% due to its poor crystallization ability. In this work, we found high pressure could significantly facilitate formation of crystallites of PLA, resulting in a crystallinity high up to 66.3% at pressure and temperature of 300 MPa and 185 ºC. High-pressure induced crystalline reorganization and lamellar thickening led to two melting temperatures in the highly crystallized PLA but without cold crystallization compared to the normal-pressure crystallized PLA. Temperature dependence of high-pressure crystallization of PLA suggested desirable crystallization temperatures for highly crystallized PLA products.
Feedforward compensation techniques for high-frequency CMOS amplifiers (1990)

Two circuit techniques for broadbanding the gain bandwidth product (GBW) of CMOS amplifiers are presented. The conventional feedforward technique using an AC bypass capacitor is reviewed. Compared to the conventional technique, the new techniques offer the advantage of exact cancellation of the low-frequency pole-zero pair. Furthermore, the position of the pole-zero pair occurs at higher frequencies than with the conventional technique. Calculations and computer simulations suggest that using the new techniques. CMOS amplifiers with a unity stable GBW of 160 MHz can be obtained in a standard 3- mu m CMOS technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved Stacked Hourglass Network with Offset Learning for Robust Facial Landmark Detection (2019)

The state-of-the-art algorithms on facial landmark detection are recently dominated by the heatmap regression based methods using fully convolutional networks. Despite their excellent performance, heatmap regression based methods have a few inherent defects, such as symmetric topology, discrete output and discrepancy between training and testing. In this paper, we propose an improved stacked hourglass network with offset learning for robust facial landmark detection to cover these drawbacks based on three insights. First, one can replace the encoder of hourglass network with a more powerful backbone to strengthen its feature extraction ability. Second, a multi-scale feature aggregation module can be applied to utilize the contextual information efficiently. Third, the offset learning is able to refine the landmarks predicted by hourglass network through a custom sub-network, which combines both heatmap information and coordinate information in a simple yet effective fashion. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets 300W and AFLW demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Accuracy of three-dimensional printing for manufacturing replica teeth (2015)

This study confirms that FDM and PolyJet technologies are accurate enough to be usable in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment.
Inhibition of growth and biosynthesis of ochratoxin A in Aspergillus sulphureus NRRL 4077 by propolis extract. (1982)

Growth inhibition of Aspergillus sulphureus NRRL 4077 and biosynthesis of ochratoxin A in the presence of propolis was investigated. Although the growth of the micro-organism was inhibited at all concentrations of applied propolis extract up to d 10 of incubation, only the 2.0 mg/ml concentration of propolis exhibited definite fungistatic activity. Ochratoxin A was detected in all culture media, but its amounts were low in the first 10 d of experiment. In comparison with the control culture, the amounts of ochratoxin A were proportional to the growth of A. sulphureus and reciprocal to the amounts of propolis extract used.
An efficient certificate revocation scheme for large-scale AMI networks (2014)

Given the large geographic deployment and scalability of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) networks, it is inefficient to create one large certificate revocation list (CRL) for all the networks. It is also inefficient to create a CRL for each meter having the certificates it needs because too many CRLs will be required. It is beneficial to balance the size of the CRLs and the overhead of forming and distributing them. In this paper, the certificate authority (CA) groups the AMI networks and composes one CRL for each group. We use Bloom filter to reduce the number of CRLs by increasing the groups size with acceptable overhead on the meters. However, Bloom filters suffer from false positives which is not acceptable in AMI networks because meters may miss important messages. We propose a novel scheme to identify and mitigate the false positives by making use of the fact that Bloom filters are free of false negatives. The meters should contact the gateway to resolve the false positives. We use Merkle tree to enable the gateway to provide efficient proof for certificate revocation without contacting the CA. We derive a mathematical formula to the probability of contacting the gateway as a function of the filter's parameters. We will show that this probability can be low by properly designing the Bloom filter. In order to assess the performance and the applicability of the proposed scheme, we use ns-3 network simulator to implement the scheme in a IEEE 802.11s-based mesh AMI networks. The results demonstrate that our scheme can be used efficiently for AMI networks.
Expanded Applications for Octyl-2-cyanoacrylate as a Tissue Adhesive (2001)

The commercial introduction of octyl-2-cyanoacrylate as a medical-grade tissue adhesive was intended to be a rapid, painless, suture-free method for closure of simple lacerations and surgical wounds. The efficiency and therefore potential economic advantage of this material has led to further investigations of other possible indications. This glue has now been used in more than 100 different occasions for "off-label" applications including nailbed repair, skin graft fixation, temporary otoplasty, wound sealant, and other forms of wound closure. Complications are virtually nonexistent, and there has been no evidence of histotoxicity. The role of this material as an important reconstructive tool has not yet been delineated completely, but it appears to have no contraindications if used sensibly.
Measuring Protein Thermostability by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (1998)

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) the method of choice to study the conformational stability of biological macromolecules and proteins in particular. This unit presents step-by-step protocols for DSC, including sample preparation and interpretation of the results in the simplest cases as well as calibration of the apparatus and maintenance of DSC cells. Various general experimental considerations, including possible pitfalls and errors, are also discussed.
An application of a formal approach for distribution of real-time control (2005)

A system which provides a set of control functions on time is referred as a real-time control system (RTCS). In a traditional RTCS, a set of tasks running in a central controller provide the required system control. The recent technological advances have made it possible to embed controllers with sufficient computing power directly in the end control devices. These devices also have a communication interface by means of which they can communicate with the other devices via a broadcast bus. These devices are referred to as intelligent nodes. A network of such intelligent nodes can be used to perform the same control functions as that of a centralized RTCS in a distributed manner. This paper discusses an application of a formal approach to distribute the control of a centralized RTCS over a set of intelligent nodes with an example.
Cloud extinction profile measurements by lidar using Klett’s inversion method (1986)

Klett’s new backward inversion algorithm is used to derive optical extinction coefficient profiles from lidar returns from cloudy and foggy atmospheres. Possible influences of multiple scattering and spatially varying backscatter/extinction ratios are discussed, and a series of examples, especially showing the structure of cloud boundaries, are presented.
A memória histórica numa perspectiva psicossocial (2012)

Discute-se, inicialmente, a retomada do estudo da memoria por parte da psicologia social e o consequente processo de constituicao de uma perspectiva psicossocial da memoria, a partir de contribuicoes sociologicas e psicossociais pioneiras e de suas releituras contemporaneas, bem como de aportes mais recentes da historia e da psicologia cognitiva naturalista. Em seguida, caracteriza-se sucintamente a psicologia social da memoria em termos do reconhecimento de cinco principios unificadores do seu campo de estudo, do mapeamento deste campo em sete diferentes instancias de fenomenos da memoria e da utilizacao do termo memoria social como um conceito “guarda-chuva” para designar o inteiro conjunto de tais memorias. Deste conjunto, destaca-se, para o restante do texto, o estudo das memorias historicas, que envolve, alem da consideracao das demais instancias – coletivas, comuns e pessoais – que entram em sua composicao, uma discussao do processo pelo qual os documentos, em sentido amplo, ensejam a emergencia dos fenomenos psicossociais de memoria historica documental. Finalmente, sao apresentados os requisitos da psicologia social para a pesquisa das memorias historicas, aos quais e incorporada a pesquisa das memorias geracionais. Conclui-se que, em seus esforcos para se manter nao-psicologista e nao-sociologista, a perspectiva psicossocial contribui para que as extremas riqueza e complexidade dos fenomenos da memoria em sociedade possam emergir, notadamente no que se refere a memoria historica.
<i>In Vitro </i>and <i>in Vivo</i> Evaluation of 6-Azido-2‘,3‘-dideoxy-2‘-fluoro-β-<scp>d</scp>-arabinofuranosylpurine and <i>N</i><i><sup>6</sup></i>-Methyl-2‘,3‘-dideoxy-2‘-fluoro-β-<scp>d</scp>-arabinofuranosyladenine as Prodrugs of the Anti-HIV Nucleosides 2‘-F-ara-ddA and 2‘-F-ara-ddI (1996)

In an effort to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and tissue distribution of 2'-F-ara-ddI, two lipophilic prodrugs, 6-azido-2'-3'-dideoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D- arabinofuranosylpurine (FAAddP, 4) and N6-methyl-2'-3'-dideoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (FMAddA, 5), were synthesized and their biotransformation was investigated in vitro and in vivo, in mice. Compounds 4 and 5 were synthesized via the intermediate 2. For the in vitro studies, FAAddP and FMAddA were incubated in mouse serum, liver homogenate, and brain homogenate. FAAddP was metabolized in liver homogenate by the reduction of the azido to the amino moiety followed by deamination, yielding 2'-F-ara-ddI. The conversion of FAAddP to 2'-F-ara-ddA was mediated by microsomal P-450 NADPH reductase system, as shown by the liver microsomal assay. FAAddP was also converted to 2'-F-ara-ddI at a slower rate in the brain than in the liver. FMAddA, however, was stable in brain homogenate and was slowly metabolized in the liver homogenate. Metabolic conversion of FMAddA in vitro was stimulated by the addition of adenosine deaminase. In the in vivo metabolism study, FAAddP underwent reduction to 2'-F-ara-ddA followed by deamination to 2'-F-ara-ddI. FMAddA did not result in increased brain delivery of 2'-F-ara-ddI in vivo, probably due to the slow conversion as observed in the in vitro studies. However, there was an increase in the half-life of 2'-F-ara-ddI produced from FMAddA. This report is the first example in the design of prodrugs using the azido group for adenine- and hypoxanthine-containing nucleosides. This interesting and novel approach can be extended to other antiviral and anticancer nucleosides.
Teacher-student Interaction in Novel and Poetry Classrooms in the Hong Kong Tertiary Setting (2013)

This paper was designed to investigate the linguistic characteristics of the teacher-student interaction in novel and poetry classrooms in the Hong Kong tertiary setting by means of the Sinclair and Coulthard Model (1975), with audio data collected via non-participant classroom observation in two Hong Kong tertiary institutions. Underpinned by the characteristics derived and a comparison undertaken, it can be seen that teacher-student interaction in the free teaching exchange of teacher elicit is in conformity with the exchange structure of IRF in both literature classrooms, to which other free and bound exchanges are complementary. However, the application of the acts varies considerably, implying that distinct learning outcomes are yielded by the different literary genres, with the cultivation of critical thinking emphasized in the novel classroom, and the understanding of technical terms and the enlargement of vocabulary stressed in the poetry classroom.
Hybrid holographic microscopy: visualization of three-dimensional object information by use of viewing angles (2000)

One of the attractive features of hybrid holographic microscopy, in which the hologram of a microscopic object recorded by an image sensor is numerically reconstructed with a computer, is that the three-dimensional (3-D) information of a recorded object is obtained. The 3-D information has often been extracted by means of changing the reconstruction distance in the numerical reconstruction process, but here we describe an alternative technique that allows for variable viewing angles. That is, the perspective from which the object is viewed can be varied. The approximation used enables use of the fast-Fourier-transform algorithm for numerical reconstruction even in the high-resolution case in which the Fresnel approximation is no longer valid. The resolution of the proposed technique is also discussed.
For love of the profession. Award winners demonstrate exceptional accomplishments, leadership. (2004)

A balanced blend of passion, commitment and inspiration lift certain medical practice professionals above their peers. Learn what it takes to make exceptional achievements. The American College of Medical Practice Executives' Honors Program, the official awards program of MGMA, bestows awards for 2004 on four outstanding individuals and one organization.
MeshNet: Mesh Neural Network for 3D Shape Representation (2018)

Mesh is an important and powerful type of data for 3D shapes and widely studied in the field of computer vision and computer graphics. Regarding the task of 3D shape representation, there have been extensive research efforts concentrating on how to represent 3D shapes well using volumetric grid, multi-view and point cloud. However, there is little effort on using mesh data in recent years, due to the complexity and irregularity of mesh data. In this paper, we propose a mesh neural network, named MeshNet, to learn 3D shape representation from mesh data. In this method, face-unit and feature splitting are introduced, and a general architecture with available and effective blocks are proposed. In this way, MeshNet is able to solve the complexity and irregularity problem of mesh and conduct 3D shape representation well. We have applied the proposed MeshNet method in the applications of 3D shape classification and retrieval. Experimental results and comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that the proposed MeshNet can achieve satisfying 3D shape classification and retrieval performance, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method on 3D shape representation.
Thallium in organic synthesis. XLII. Direct oxidation of 4-substituted phenols to 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexa-2,5-dienones using thallium(III) nitrate (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThallium in organic synthesis. XLII. Direct oxidation of 4-substituted phenols to 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexa-2,5-dienones using thallium(III) nitrateAlexander McKillop, David H. Perry, Mark Edwards, Sandor Antus, Lorand Farkas, Mihaly Nogradi, and Edward C. TaylorCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 2, 282–287Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00864a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00864a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views669Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
QoE-enhanced adaptation algorithm over DASH for multimedia streaming (2014)

In dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH), a client consecutively estimates the available network bandwidth and decides the transmission rate for the forthcoming video chunks to be downloaded. Even though several enhancements to DASH have been reported in the literature, they do not well-investigate the current buffer status to cope with fluctuating network conditions and thus do not achieve seamless video streaming. In this paper, we propose a novel rate adaptation algorithm called quality of experience (QoE)-enhanced adaptation algorithm over DASH (QAAD), which preserves the minimum buffer length to avoid interruption and minimizes the video quality changes during the playback. We implemented a DASH testbed and conducted extensive experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that under fluctuating network conditions, QAAD provides seamless streaming with stabilized video quality while the previous buffer-aware algorithm (i.e., QoE-aware DASH) frequently changes the video quality and undergoes the interruption.
Three‐Dimensional Lanthanoid‐Containing Coordination Frameworks: Structure, Magnetic and Fluorescent Properties (2005)

Abstract Two lanthanoid‐containing 3D coordination polymers, [Gd 2 L 3 (H 2 O) 2 ] n ( 1 ) and {[TbL 1.5 (H 2 O)] · 0.5H 2 O} n ( 2 ) (L = succinate), have been prepared by hydrothermal reaction. The difference in structure between the two 3D coordination polymers is a result of the flexibility of the ligand conformation. The magnetic properties of 1 and 2 have been investigated in the 1.8–300 K range. Both complexes exhibit ferromagnetic interaction between lanthanoid ions. AC magnetic measurements revealed long‐range magnetic order in complex 2 . Especially 2 integrates the ferromagnetic, fluorescent and porous properties into a single entity. This motif may be developed to achieve new multifunctional molecular‐based materials. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Analysis of the Allele-specific PCR Method for the Detection of Neoplastic Disease (1997)

PCR assays for the presence of mutant K-ras or p53 sequences are potentially useful as sensitive tests for tumor diagnosis. The technical challenge is to design assays sensitive enough to detect a few molecules of mutant DNA yet sufficiently specific that a false positive signal is not produced by a 10(5)- or 10(6)-fold excess of normal DNA. We determined the detection limit of allele-specific PCR (ASA) as a function of the particular mismatch involved using all 12 possible mismatches in two different DNA sequence contexts (K-ras codon 12 and p53 codon 273). Depending on the identity of the mismatch, mismatched template was amplified 10(2)-10(4)-fold less than perfectly matched template. In other words, a mutant allele could be detected by ASA if it represented > 1-0.01% of the total DNA from that locus. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamping was used to improve the K-ras ASA assay. Selective amplification of mutant sequences was achieved using a PNA complementary to the normal sequence to inhibit the amplification of wild-type DNA. PNA clamping followed by ASA resulted in significant improvement in sensitivity and specificity, permitting the detection of tumor DNA diluted with a 300,000-fold excess of normal human DNA.
The Art and Architecture of Russia (1957)

Part 1 Kievan Russia: the past of Kiev the architecture of Kiev - 990-1240 the archiecture of Novgorod and Pskov 990-1500 the architecture of Vladimir-Suzdal 1110-1240 mosaics and frescoes in Kiev the first Russian sculpture frescoes in Vladimir and Novgorod. Part 2 Icon-painting: icon-painting - criticism, iconography and technique the earliest icons 990-1250 provincial schools of the 13th and 14th centuries 15th century painting - 15th century painting - Novgorod painting in in the later 15th and 16th centuries. Part 3 The art of Muscovy: wooden church architecture architecture in - 1400-1600 17th century architecture - the Moscow Baroque secular architecture the beginning of modern painting - Moscow, 1550-1700. Part 4 St Petersburg: Peter's baroque - 1703-41 Elizabeth's rococo - 1741-62 the classicism of Catherine II - 1762-96 the Alexandrian empire - 1796-1850 the medieval revival - 18th century romantic architecture. Part 5 Modern Russian art: 18th-century painting and sculpture romanticism ideological realism the Slavic revival and Mir Iskusstva.