gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Church Musicians' Participation Perceptions: Applications to Community Music. (2010)

The purpose of the study was to describe the participation perceptions of church choir musicians. Twenty-two choral musicians in 3 churches were interviewed. The results align with past research on community music ensembles in terms of musical and social perceptions of the participants, including concepts of recruitment, attendance, and diverse musicianship levels. There was, however, a notable difference with past studies in that worship was an interwoven, integral component of the members’ perceptions. Because of this worship component, church music may have a different feel than other community groups, with an emphasis on an external, unifying force making the activity look more like a service endeavor than a leisure activity.
Training a Sophisticated Microsurgical Technique: Interposition of External Jugular Vein Graft in the Common Carotid Artery in Rats (2012)

Neointimal hyperplasia is one the primary causes of stenosis in arterialized veins that are of great importance in arterial coronary bypass surgery, in peripheral arterial bypass surgery as well as in arteriovenous fistulas.(1-5) The experimental procedure of vein graft interposition in the common carotid artery by using the cuff-technique has been applied in several research projects to examine the aetiology of neointimal hyperplasia and therapeutic options to address it. (6-8) The cuff prevents vessel anastomotic remodeling and induces turbulence within the graft and thereby the development of neointimal hyperplasia. Using the superior caval vein graft is an established small-animal model for venous arterialization experiment.(9-11) This current protocol refers to an established jugular vein graft interposition technique first described by Zou et al., (9) as well as others.(12-14) Nevertheless, these cited small animal protocols are complicated. To simplify the procedure and to minimize the number of experimental animals needed, a detailed operation protocol by video training is presented. This video should help the novice surgeon to learn both the cuff-technique and the vein graft interposition. Hereby, the right external jugular vein was grafted in cuff-technique in the common carotid artery of 21 female Sprague Dawley rats categorized in three equal groups that were sacrificed on day 21, 42 and 84, respectively. Notably, no donor animals were needed, because auto-transplantations were performed. The survival rate was 100 % at the time point of sacrifice. In addition, the graft patency rate was 60 % for the first 10 operated animals and 82 % for the remaining 11 animals. The blood flow at the time of sacrifice was 8±3 ml/min. In conclusion, this surgical protocol considerably simplifies, optimizes and standardizes this complicated procedure. It gives novice surgeons easy, step-by-step instruction, explaining possible pitfalls, thereby helping them to gain expertise fast and avoid useless sacrifice of experimental animals.
Homocysteine thiolactone disposal by human arterial endothelial cells and serum in vitro. (1991)

Previous work with cultured mammalian cells and perfused laboratory animals suggested to us that hydrolysis of homocysteine thiolactone was catalyzed in these systems. We confirmed this finding by measuring the sulfhydryl-releasing activity of cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical arteries in homocysteine thiolactone solution, pH 7.4, 37 degrees C. The reaction was vigorous and stereospecific and showed saturation kinetics (Km values for L- and D,L-homocysteine thiolactone were 3.9 and 8.2 mmol/l, respectively, and Vmax values were 10.75 and 10.1 mumol/min/10(9) cells, respectively). L-Homocysteine thiolactone was quantitatively converted to homocysteine, as measured by amino acid analysis. Human serum also accelerated the elimination of homocysteine thiolactone, although in this process, the majority of the newly formed sulfhydryl-containing product was precipitable by sulfosalicylic acid, indicating likely homocysteinylation of serum proteins. However, approximately 38% of the sulfhydryl-containing product was not precipitated, and because thiolactone elimination stereospecifically favored the L-enantiomer, a possible subsidiary role for serum-catalyzed hydrolysis of the thiolactone was suggested. No homocysteine thiolactone could be found in serum samples from six patients with acute myocardial infarction, three patients with cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency, and six normal subjects. Thus, humans have active vascular systems for elimination of homocysteine thiolactone, a process that could be responsible for an absence of the compound in serum.
Terpolymer-based SIPN coating with excellent antifogging and frost-resisting properties (2015)

A terpolymer-based semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) coating demonstrated excellent antifogging/frost-resisting property.
Tropomyosin: Amino Acid Sequence and Coiled-Coil Structure (1973)

Tropomyosin preparations of mol wt of about 70,000 daltons are known to dissociate in the presence of reducing agents and denaturing media to monomers of about 35,000 daltons (McCubbin et al., 1967; Holtzer et al., 1965; Woods, 1967, 1969; Weber and Osborne, 1969; Olander et al., 1967). The highly helical (>90%) polypeptide chains are believed to be arranged in a two-stranded coiled-coil (Crick, 1953; Cohen and Holmes, 1963) whose structure is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between the two strands of α-helix. The relative unimportance of electrostatic interactions in the stabilization of the structure is indicated by the unusual stability of the molecule in acid and alkali (Lowey, 1965; Riddiford and Scheraga, 1962), even though the content of charged amino acid residues is remarkably high (Hodges and Smillie, 1970). In the structure proposed by Crick (1953), two α-helices are packed side-by-side in a "knobs-into-holes" manner. In order to interlock two helices...
Photo Retro-Diels–Alder Reactions (2011)

Photo-retro-Diels-Alder (PrDA) reactions of a variety of Diels-Alder (DA) adducts were studied. Experimental results showed that the photoreactivity (quantum yield) depends on the electron-donating ability of the diene component and the electron-withdrawing ability of the dienophile component. The mechanism was studied by trapping the reaction intermediate, O(2) quenching, time-resolved absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy. All the results support a mechanism that involves a charge-separated intermediate generated from a singlet excited state. The PrDA reaction may find applications in photoresponsive materials, photolithography, drug delivery, and mechanistic research.
Viscoelastic shear properties of human vocal fold mucosa: Measurement methodology and empirical results (1999)

A standard method for the empirical rheological characterization of viscoelastic materials was adopted to measure the viscoelastic shear properties of human vocal-fold mucosal tissues (the superficial layer of lamina propria). A parallel-plate rotational rheometer was employed to measure shear deformation of viscoelastic tissue samples, which were deformed between two rigid circular plates rotating in small-amplitude sinusoidal oscillations. Elastic and viscous shear moduli of the samples were then quantified as a function of oscillation frequency (0.01 to 15 Hz) based on shear stresses and strains recorded by the rheometer. Data were obtained from 15 excised human larynges (10 male and 5 female). Results showed that the elastic shear modulus mu and the damping ratio zeta of human vocal-fold mucosa were relatively constant across the range of frequencies observed, while the dynamic viscosity eta decreased monotonically with frequency (i.e., shear thinning). Intersubject differences in mu and eta as large as an order of magnitude were observed, part of which may reflect age-related and gender-related differences. Some molecular interpretations of the findings are discussed.
Chikungunya virus–associated encephalitis: A cohort study on La Réunion Island, 2005–2009 (2016)

Editors' Note: Commenting on “Chikungunya virus–associated encephalitis: A cohort study on La Reunion Island, 2005–2009,” Dr. Oliveira wonders whether chikungunya virus could be responsible for the microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome that are currently being linked to the Zika virus epidemic. In response, Gerardin et al., authors of the original article, reanalyzed their cohorts and did not find any association between chikungunya virus and microcephaly or other congenital malformation. Drs. Sena et al. correct authors Munger et al. about the statement in their study that “…only one study among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has found no association between smoking and progression,” referring to their own study that …
Anodic substitution and addition reactions (1968)

Two types of anodic substitution reactions, methoxylation and cyanation, are represented. Anodic addition of methoxy groups to olefinic double bonds is also described. The anodic methoxylation occurred preferentially at the α-carbon of a side-chain of the aromatic compounds, while the substitution by a cyano group took place only on the aromatic ring. The anodic cyanation resembles that of the electrophilic aromatic substitutions. The electron-removal from the aromatic compounds at the anode is essential for these reactions. The results are discussed on the basis of organic chemistry.
M cell targeting by a Claudin 4 targeting peptide can enhance mucosal IgA responses (2012)

M cell targeting mediated by a Claudin 4-specific targeting peptide can enhance mucosal IgA responses above the response to non-targeted mucosal antigen. Since Claudin 4 has also been found to be regulated in human Peyer's patch M cells, the CPE targeting peptide could be a reasonable platform delivery technology for mucosal vaccination.
[The significance of acetylcholine test in occupational allergic asthma (author's transl)]. (1977)

The authors studied the spirometric changes following acetylcholine inhalation in a group of subjects with history of paroxysmal dyspnea--apparently related to their working activity--and, at the same time, with negative skin tests. Acetylcholine inhalation test proved to be positive in 80% of the cases, showing an increased bronchial reactivity and therefore a tendency to functional bronchostenosis. The high percentage of positive responses in the suspect cases, the lack of side effects and the negative results in control subjects, recommend the acetylcholine inhalation test as a suitable ancillary diagnostic procedure in suspect cases of occupational allergic asthma.
Cold cathodes for sealed off CO<sub>2</sub>lasers (1972)

Proper cold cathode materials and gas mixtures are the key elements to long life sealed off CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> lasers. A typical requirement for spare applications is a 1 Watt sealed off CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> laser operating for 10,000 hours with a quiet, clean and reproducible cold cathode from a total gas volume of only 50 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
Practical change impact analysis based on static program slicing for industrial software systems (2012)

Change impact analysis, i.e., knowing the potential consequences of a software change, is critical for the risk analysis, developer effort estimation, and regression testing of evolving software. Static program slicing is an attractive option for enabling routine change impact analysis for newly committed changesets during daily software build. However, static program slicing faces accuracy and scalability problems when applied routinely on large and evolving industrial software systems. In this paper, we present a tool called Imp, used within ABB, to address these problems. Imp transparently integrates with the version control and the daily build environments and is also available as a Visual Studio plugin for quick what-if analysis by developers for potential changes in software written in C/C++.
Neuromyelitis optica: Pathogenicity of patient immunoglobulin in vivo (2009)

Human anti-AQP-4 antibodies are not only important in the diagnosis of NMO but also augment disease and induce NMO-like lesions in animals with T-cell-mediated brain inflammation.
Removal of chromium(<scp>vi</scp>) from polluted wastewater by chemical modification of silica gel with 4-acetyl-3-hydroxyaniline (2019)

In the current study, a new adsorbent that is insoluble in water and many acid solutions and has a high adsorption capacity for Cr(vi) metal ions was synthesized. In the synthesis process, 3-chloropropyl-trimethoxysilane (CPTS) was first modified on a silica gel (Si) surface. Secondly, 4-acetyl-3-hydroxyaniline (AHAP) was immobilized on the modified silica gel compound (Si-CPTS). As a result of the immobilization process, a new adsorbent compound named Si-CPTS-AHAP (silica gel-3-chloropropyltrimethoxy silane 4-acetyl-3-hydroxyaniline) was obtained, which was used to separate Cr(vi) ions from aqueous solution (K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>) and industrial wastewater. The material was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The amount of chromium adsorbed was detected by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The adsorption was evaluated using batch methods. The effects of temperature, pH, concentration, adsorbent amount and interaction time on the adsorption of Si-CPTS-AHAP were also investigated. The adsorption of Cr(vi) ions on Si-CPTS-AHAP was investigated <i>via</i> adsorption kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies. The value of the isotherm parameters and the highest adsorption yields were calculated from the Dubinin-Radushkevich, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations. Thermodynamic features such as entropy (Δ<i>S</i>), enthalpy (Δ<i>H</i>) and free energy (Δ<i>G</i>) were also calculated from the experimental results. The experimental results showed that the best recoveries of Cr(vi) metal ions are under the conditions of 180 min (interaction time), 0.05 g (adsorbent amount) and 323.15 K (temperature) at pH 2. Si-CPTS-AHAP can be used for the removal of poisonous pollutants in wastewater.
Breast cancer treatment—current status (1983)

Adjuvant chemotherapy of early breast cancer in premenopausal women has nearly reached the point where it can be said with confidence that the relapse-free survival rate, as well as overall survival rate, is being lengthened, especially when drug combinations are used. In postmenopausal women, however, adjuvant chemotherapy has not consistently improved the relapse-free rate. Some investigators have postulated that postmenopausal patients do not respond as well to chemotherapy as their premenopausal counterparts because they usually receive lower doses. Thus, trials of these drugs at doses that more closely approximate the calculated dose are needed in postmenopausal patients. Recent advances in determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer cells have allowed effective use of adjuvant hormone therapy instead of or in addition to chemotherapy in some patients with early disease. However, further investigation of the role of hormone manipulation in breast cancer is also needed. Adjuvant chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer, however, is only palliative; duration of relapse-free and overall survival is not nearly as long as in early disease. Hormone therapy has been effective as initial treatment in patients with positive estrogen and/or progesterone receptors. Alternative treatments under investigation include use of new anthracycline derivatives, high-dose single agents, and biomodulation with interferon and Staphylococcus aureus protein A. Thus, while advanced breast cancer is not now curable, the wide range of effective agents and promising new approaches to treatment certainly justify some optimism for the future.
A prototype implementation of a time interval file protection system in Linux (2006)

Control of access to information based on temporal attributes has many potential applications. Examples include student user accounts set to expire upon graduation; files marked as time-sensitive so that their contents can be protected appropriately and the period of access to them controlled; and cryptographic keys configured to automatically expire and be unusable beyond a specific time. This thesis implements a prototype of the Time Interval Access Control (TIAC) model in the context of a protected file system for the popular open-source Linux operating system. The Linux Security Module framework is used for the implementation, which includes temporal attributes associated both with the files and the users. The implementation includes modifications to the file system as well as low-level information access constructs. As part of the design process, testing and performance analysis were conducted. Since the temporal access control mechanism is built into the kernel rather than the application, bypassing the mechanism becomes more difficult. Kernel level implementation also affords the same policy enforcement functionality to different applications, thus reducing human errors in their development. This thesis is relevant to the research on dynamic security services for information protection envisioned by the DoD Global Information Grid (GIG).
New Jurassic amber outcrops from Lebanon (2013)

Amber predating the Lower Cretaceous is extremely rare. During the past two decades, records of discoveries of amber sites have increased considerably worldwide. We report herein the discovery of ten new outcrops of amber from the Late Jurassic in Lebanon, in addition to other nine outcrops described by Azar et al. (2010). Some of these outcrops gave large centimetric sized amber pieces. Each of these new amber outcrops is described, and its infrared spectrum is given. Though the Jurassic amber yielded to date no more than some fungal inclusions, this discovery is significant and promising especially in the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment.
An implicit method for the analysis of transient flows in pipe networks (2001)

Abstract Existing methods for the analysis of transient flows in pipe networks are often geared towards certain types of flows such as gas flows vis‐à‐vis liquid flows or isothermal flows vis‐à‐vis non‐isothermal flows. Also, simplifying assumptions are often made which introduce inaccuracies when the method is applied outside the domain for which it was originally intended. This paper describes an implicit finite difference method based on the simultaneous pressure correction approach which is valid for both liquid and gas flows, for both isothermal and non‐isothermal flows and for both fast and slow transients. The problematic convective acceleration term in the momentum equation, often neglected in other methods, is retained but eliminated by casting the momentum equation in an alternative form. The accuracy and stability of the method, depending on a time‐step weighing factor α , are illustrated by analysing fast transients in a pipeline and simple branching network. The proposed method compares very well with the second‐order‐method of characteristics and the two‐step Lax–Wendroff method. The advantages of the present method is its speed over a range of problems including both fast and slow transients, its accuracy, its stability and its flexibility. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Amperometric Biosensor for Glucose Based on a Composite Electrode of Glucose Dehydrogenase, Carbon Nanotubes, and Plasma-polymerized Thin Films (2008)

We report on an amperometric biosensor that is based on a nanocomposite of carbon nanotubes (CNT), a nano-thin plasma-polymerized film (PPF), and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). A mixture of the GDH and a CNT film is sandwiched with 6-nm-thick acetonitrile PPFs. Under PPF layer was deposited onto a sputtered gold electrode. To facilitate the electrochemical communication between the CNT layer and GDH, CNT was treated with nitrogen plasma. The resulting device showed that the large oxidizing current response due to enzymatic reaction was observed at +0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) polarized potential. This demonstrates that the CNT play a role as a catalysis for NADH oxidation caused by enzymatic reaction and as a electron transfer conductor. The optimized glucose biosensor showed sensitivity of 3.3 µA mM−1 cm−2 (correlation coefficient of 0.983, linear response range of 4.9–19 mM) and response of 7 s (reach 95% of maximum response).
Image-guided Control of Flexible Bevel-Tip Needles (2007)

Physicians perform percutaneous therapies in many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Image guidance promises to improve targeting accuracy and broaden the scope of needle interventions. In this paper, we consider the possibility of automating the guidance of a flexible bevel-tip needle as it is inserted into human tissue. We build upon a previously proposed nonholonomic kinematic model to develop a nonlinear observer-based controller. As a first step for control, we show that flexible needles can be automatically controlled to remain within a planar slice of tissue as they are inserted by a physician; our approach keeps the physician in the loop to control insertion speed. In the proposed controller, the distance of the needle tip position from the plane of interest is used as a feedback signal. Numerical simulations demonstrate the stability and robustness of the controller in the face of parametric uncertainty. We also present results from pilot physical experiments with phantom tissue under stereo image guidance.
Degranulating mast cells in fibrotic regions of human tumors and evidence that mast cell heparin interferes with the growth of tumor cells through a mechanism involving fibroblasts (2005)

Degranulating mast cells are restricted to peri-tumoral fibrous tissue, and mast cell heparin is a powerful inhibitor of clonogenic growth of tumor cells co-cultured with fibroblasts. These results may help to explain the well-known ability of heparin to inhibit the growth of primary and metastatic tumors.
The Growth of Au on PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and SnTe Thin Film Substrates (1973)

The formation of thin Au films by vacuum evaporation on lead and tin chalcogenides is investigated. Single crystal chalcogenide substrates are prepared by vacuum evaporation onto KCl. The films are studied by RHEED prior to removal from the KCl substrate and by TEM and TED after removing the composite Au–chalcogenide film from the KCl. A remarkable variety of orientations and particle shapes is observed. The saturation particle density varies over a very wide range as a function of substrate material and temperature. Results are discussed and compared with the growth of Au on alkali halides.
Neuropeptide Y protects kidney against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by regulating p53-dependent apoptosis pathway (2016)

Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug for treating various types of cancers. However, the use of cisplatin is limited by its negative effect on normal tissues, particularly nephrotoxicity. Various mechanisms such as DNA adduct formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are involved in the adverse effect induced by cisplatin treatment. Several studies have suggested that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in neuroprotection as well as restoration of bone marrow dysfunction from chemotherapy induced nerve injury. However, the role of NPY in chemotherapy- induced nephrotoxicity has not been studied. Here, we show that NPY rescues renal dysfunction by reducing the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins in cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity through Y1 receptor, suggesting that NPY can protect kidney against cisplatin nephrotoxicity as a possible useful agent to prevent and treat cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(5): 288-292].