gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of gene expression by the glucocorticoid receptor: Role of protein‐protein interactions (1997)

The glucocorticoid receptor belongs to an important class of transcription factors that alter the expression of target genes in response to a specific hormone signal. The glucocorticoid receptor can function at least at three levels: (1) recruitment of the general transcription machinery; (2) modulation of transcription factor action, independent of DNA binding, through direct protein-protein interactions; and (3) modulation of chromatin structure to allow the assembly of other gene regulatory proteins and/or the general transcription machinery on the DNA. This review will focus on the multifaceted nature of protein-protein interactions involving the glucocorticoid receptor and basal transcription factors, coactivators and other transcription factors, occurring at these different levels of regulation.
Repeated microwave-assisted exfoliation of expandable graphite for the preparation of large scale and high quality multi-layer graphene (2013)

The increasing demand for graphene's industrial application requires a new route for its mass production with high quality. Here, we report a facile, green, highly efficient and cost effective method for preparing a large amount of high quality graphene flakes, which is by the repeated microwave assisted exfoliation of expandable graphite (EG). The successful exfoliation of graphite is realized through the intercalation and decomposition of eco-friendly chemicals with the assistance of a microwave source. The chemical morphology and electrocatalytic performance analyses reveal that the graphene flakes are of high quality with little degradation.
Preliminary investigations into statistically valid exploratory rule discovery (2003)

Exploratory rule discovery, as exemplified by association rule discovery, is has proven very popular. In this paper I investigate issues surrounding the statistical validity of rules found using this approach and methods that might be employed to deliver statistically sound exploratory rule discovery.
Habitat assessment and ecological restoration design for an unnamed tributary of Stone Dam Creek, Conway, Arkansas (2015)

Urbanization can lead to increased sedimentation, erosion, pollution, and runoff into streams. The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) Rapid Bioassessment Protocols (RBPs) are sets of guidelines that can be used to assess a habitat’s sedimentology, hydrology, vegetation, and geomorphology to determine impairment. An unnamed tributary of Stone Dam Creek on the University of Central Arkansas (UCA) campus in Conway, Arkansas runs partially underground and through the urbanized UCA campus watershed. The stream was assessed using the USEPA’s RBPs to determine impairment of the stream, and received a RBP score of 71.2 out of 200 compared to 153.5 in a reference stream. An ecological restoration design was then prepared for a 2-year, 1-hour rainfall event to address areas of impairment. The goal was to increase the RBP score by increasing cross-sectional area of the stream as well as by improving stream morphology where possible. With the proposed design, modeled stream velocity was reduced throughout the stream by an average of 19.6%. It was assessed that as a result of the reduction in velocity and changes to morphology, RPB scores would increase throughout the stream reach.
Effect of metal cation type on the structure and properties of ethylene ionomers (1991)

Abstract Thermal properties by DSC, stiffness, melt viscosity, tensile properties, and dynamic mechanical properties were measured for the Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Co 2+ salts of poly(ethylene‐ co ‐methacrylic acid) (EMAA). The changes in the structure and properties with increasing neutralization are larger in the alkaline and alkaline earth metal salts than in the transition metal salts. The stiffness shows a maximum at 33% neutralization in both the alkaline and alkaline earth metal salts, while no maxima are found up to 60% neutralization in the transition metal salts. The microphase separation of salt group aggregates is observed in both the alkaline and alkaline earth metal salts, but is not seen in the transition metal salts. These differences were attributed to both the stronger ionic interactions and the larger number of carboxyl groups associated with the alkaline and alkaline earth metal salts in the ordered structure of ionic salt groups (ionic crystallites). The mechanical properties measured at low strain, such as stiffness and yield stress, strongly depend on the degree of the crystalline order of the ionic crystallites. The high‐strain properties, such as tensile strength and elongation at break, depend on the strength of the ionic interactions and the valence of the cation.
Synthesis strategies for multicomponent separation systems with energy integration (1974)

Abstract The problem of synthesizing an optimal multicomponent separation system which is energy integrated is solved by a combined decomposition and dynamic programming technique. Dynamic programming is an optimization technique which allows the solution by decomposition of a multistage or serial optimization problem. Whenever the special serial structure is absent, again decomposition can be tried, but in this case it is by no means obvious how to decompose effectively the given problem into subproblems. In this paper the nonserial problem of synthesizing an energy integrated separation system is solved by decomposing the original problem so that a serial structure results.
Etchingless fabrication of bi‐level microstructures for liquid crystal displays on plastic substrates (2008)

Abstract In this study, the selective‐wettability‐inscription (SWI) technique for the wet‐etchingless fabrication of surface microstructures applicable to wide‐viewing liquid crystal displays (LCDs) on plastic substrates was demonstrated. On the basis of the selective wetting of the photopolymer, the bi‐level microstructures were spontaneously formed to serve as spacers for maintaining uniform cell gap and protrusions for the generation of multi‐domains. The LC cell that has bi‐level microstructures shows good extinction in the field‐off state and a wide‐viewing property in the field‐on state. The SWI technique would be useful for the fabrication of flexible displays on plastic substrates.
Design and implementation of multi-band pulsed-OFDM system for wireless personal area networks (2004)

We study the theory and implementation of pulsed orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (pulsed-OFDM) modulation. Pulsed-OFDM is an enhancement to the leading proposal to the IEEE 802.15.3a wireless personal area networks standardization effort, known as multi-band OFDM. In particular, we show in this paper that the pulsed-OFDM system has better performance than the non-pulsed system in indoor multipath channels and considerably lower complexity and power consumption. We begin by studying the, spectral characteristics of pulsed OFDM and the added degrees of diversity that it provides. Next, we discuss the design of receivers for such a system. We show that the diversity branches can be captured and demodulated by one or more fast Fourier transform (FFT). We then focus on a system for the IEEE 802.15.3a standard and derive a particularly low complexity implementation for that system. The implementation is based on carefully designed punctured convolutional codes. It also exploits the normal inefficiencies in an FFT architecture to implement the parallel FFT operations required to demodulate a full diversity pulsed OFDM with lower complexity and smaller area than the single FFT used by the non-pulsed system. We conclude by presenting realistic simulation results for the measured indoor propagation channels provided by the IEEE 802.15.3a standard.
High-speed decoding technique for slip detection in data transmission systems using modified cyclic block codes (1983)

An efficient method is described for evaluating the error-checking syndrome for systems which are modified cyclic or shortened cyclic codes to detect slips of block synchronisation.
Platelets, leucocytes and buffy layer vitamin C after surgery. (1986)

The changes in buffy layer (BL) vitamin C concentration following surgical operations were studied in relation to changes in the leucocyte and platelet counts. It was found that the postoperative fall and subsequent changes in BL vitamin C concentration corresponded to changes in the platelet/leucocyte ratio (PLR) in whole blood and consequently in the buffy layer preparations from which vitamin C concentrations were measured. The results of the study showed that the fall in BL vitamin C measured following operations is an artifact of the method used rather than a demand for vitamin C. It highlights the importance of measuring the PLR, and suggests the need for a differential leucocyte count, when undertaking BL vitamin C analysis.
Dextramer reagents are effective tools for quantifying CMV antigen-specific T cells from peripheral blood samples (2014)

The enumeration of antigen-specific T cells is increasingly relevant in clinical and research settings. This information is useful for evaluating immune responses to treatment, monitoring the efficacy of anticancer vaccines, and for detecting self-reactive T cells in autoimmune disorders. Quantifying antigen-specific T cells can be accomplished via IFNγ ELISpot assay, the measurement of intracellular cytokine production by flow cytometry, or by lymphocyte proliferation assays in response to antigen. While robust, these technologies are labor-intensive and can take several days to obtain results. New technology has led to more powerful tools for quickly and accurately measuring antigen-specific T cells by flow cytometry via fluorescently-labeled TCR-specific multimers. In this study, we evaluated the use of an assay based on Dextramer reagents for enumerating cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen-specific T cells (CASTs). Assay performance characteristics were assessed by establishing Dextramers' sensitivity (median=0.4; range=0.1-1.4 CASTs μl(-1) ), determining their specificity (100%), evaluating assay robustness with different leukocyte sources and assay reproducibility via interlaboratory and interinstrument investigations. Furthermore, the levels of CASTs in 95 peripheral blood samples from 62 unique blood and marrow transplants recipients correlated well between Dextramers and Tetramers (R(2) =0.9042).
Female Mice Haploinsufficient for an Inactivated Androgen Receptor (AR) Exhibit Age-Dependent Defects That Resemble the AR Null Phenotype of Dysfunctional Late Follicle Development, Ovulation, and Fertility (2007)

The role of classical genomic androgen receptor (AR) mediated actions in female reproductive physiology remains unclear. Female mice homozygous for an in-frame deletion of exon 3 of the Ar (AR(-/-)) were subfertile, exhibiting delayed production of their first litter (AR(+/+) = 22 d vs. AR(-/-) = 61 d, P < 0.05) and producing 60% fewer pups/litter (AR(+/+): 8.1 +/- 0.4 vs. AR(-/-): 3.2 +/- 0.9, P < 0.01). Heterozygous females (AR(+/-)) exhibited an age-dependent 55% reduction (P < 0.01) in pups per litter, evident from 6 months of age (P < 0.05), compared with AR(+/+), indicating a significant gene dosage effect on female fertility. Ovulation was defective with a significant reduction in corpora lutea numbers (48-79%, P < 0.01) in 10- to 12- and 26-wk-old AR(+/-) and AR(-/-) females and a 57% reduction in oocytes recovered from naturally mated AR(-/-) females (AR(+/+): 9.8 +/- 1.0 vs. AR(-/-): 4.2 +/- 1.2, P < 0.01); however, early embryo development to the two-cell stage was unaltered. The delay in first litter, reduction in natural ovulation rate, and aromatase expression in AR(+/-) and AR(-/-) ovaries, coupled with the restored ovulation rate by gonadotropin hyperstimulation in AR(-/-) females, suggest aberrant gonadotropin regulation. A 2.7-fold increase (AR(+/+): 35.4 +/- 13.4 vs. AR(-/-): 93.9 +/- 6.1, P < 0.01) in morphologically unhealthy antral follicles demonstrated deficiencies in late follicular development, although growing follicle populations and growth rates were unaltered. This novel model reveals that classical genomic AR action is critical for normal ovarian function, although not for follicle depletion and that haploinsufficiency for an inactivated AR may contribute to a premature reduction in female fecundity.
Comparative analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from patients, tumors and transformed cell lines for the validation of lung cancer-derived breath markers (2014)

Breath analysis for the purpose of non-invasive diagnosis of lung cancer has yielded numerous candidate compounds with still questionable clinical relevance. To arrive at suitable volatile organic compounds our approach combined the analysis of different sources: isolated tumor samples compared to healthy lung tissues, and exhaled breath from lung cancer patients and healthy controls. Candidate compounds were further compared to substances previously identified in the comparison of transformed and normal lung epithelial cell lines. For human studies, a breath sampling device was developed enabling automated and CO2-controlled collection of the end-tidal air. All samples were first preconcentrated on multibed sorption tubes and analyzed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentrations in all three types of cancer samples studied were observed for ethanol and n-octane. Additional metabolites (inter alia 2-methylpentane, n-hexane) significantly released by lung cancer cells were observed at higher levels in cancer lung tissues and breath samples (compared to respective healthy controls) with statistical significance (p < 0.05) only in breath samples. The results obtained confirmed the cancer-related origin of volatile metabolites, e.g. ethanol and octane that were both detected at significantly (p < 0.05) elevated concentrations in all three kinds of cancer samples studied. This work is an important step towards identification of volatile breath markers of lung cancer through the demonstration of cancer-related origin of certain volatile metabolites.
Modal Spectroscopy of Optoexcited Vibrations of a Micron-Scale On-Chip Resonator at Greater than 1 GHz Frequency (2007)

We analyze experimentally and theoretically >1 GHz optoexcited mechanical vibration in an on-chip micron-scaled sphere. Different eigen-mechanical modes are excited upon demand by the centrifugal radiation pressure of the optical whispering-gallery-mode, enabling an optomechanical modal spectroscopy investigation of many vibrational modes. Spectral analysis of the light emitted from the device enables deduction of its natural vibrational modes in analogy with spectroscopy of a molecule's vibrational levels, and its eccentricity perturbation is shown to induce spectral splitting.
A Network-Based Recommendation Algorithm (2018)

As Internet expanding into offline, the traditional retail industry began to use the personalized recommendation algorithm to increase user stickiness, conversion and business income. Without considering the data segmentation problem, traditional recommendation algorithm did not perform well in the traditional business data. Accordingly, we considered the interest spread characteristic of retail industry behavior, adopted the method of complex network to construct a personalized recommendation algorithm using the segmentation data set. By using a real sales dataset of a large supermarket, we provided an evaluation of our algorithm. The results show that our algorithm have much better performance in accuracy and recall than the traditional ones, but with the disadvantage of being less coverage.
Extracellular Monomeric and Aggregated Tau Efficiently Enter Human Neurons through Overlapping but Distinct Pathways (2018)

In Alzheimer's disease, neurofibrillary tangle pathology appears to spread along neuronal connections, proposed to be mediated by the release and uptake of abnormal, disease-specific forms of microtubule-binding protein tau MAPT. It is currently unclear whether transfer of tau between neurons is a toxic gain-of-function process in dementia or reflects a constitutive biological process. We report two entry mechanisms for monomeric tau to human neurons: a rapid dynamin-dependent phase typical of endocytosis and a second, slower actin-dependent phase of macropinocytosis. Aggregated tau entry is independent of actin polymerization and largely dynamin dependent, consistent with endocytosis and distinct from macropinocytosis, the major route for aggregated tau entry reported for non-neuronal cells. Anti-tau antibodies abrogate monomeric tau entry into neurons, but less efficiently in the case of aggregated tau, where internalized tau carries antibody with it into neurons. These data suggest that tau entry to human neurons is a physiological process and not a disease-specific phenomenon.
Ultra-broadband femtocells via opportunistic reuse of multi-operator and multi-service spectrum (2009)

Recently, two important trends concerning cellular networks operating in licensed spectrum have emerged. First, the cellular operators are considering femtocells deployed in indoor environments such as homes and enterprise buildings as a complement to macrocells for the purposes of enhancing capacity and coverage indoors. Second, standards such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) are designing air interfaces that use increasingly wider bands of spectrum (e.g., up to 20 MHz per channel) to increase access rates. However, given the restricted size of operator licenses, the number of wideband channels is limited. As broadband wireless access gains adoption and media-rich end user devices (e.g., iPhones) proliferate, the next frontier will be ultra-broadband wireless access which inevitably needs more spectrum. Given end users often spend 40 percent of their time indoors, femtocells may be the first user equipment to offer such ultra-broadband access. In this paper, we propose a novel way to enable such ultra-broadband femtocells by opportunistically accessing wider swaths of spectrum. Our solution is based on three new concepts—intra-operator spectrum white space reuse, multi-operator spectrum sharing, and multi-service spectrum reuse—which exploit the spectrum of multiple cellular operators and of multiple non-cellular services such as digital television (DTV) broadcasts in femtocells deployed in a relatively isolated indoor environment. We describe an end-to-end architecture consisting of four main components: a multi-operator spectrum server (MOSS), a femto coordination/controller server (FCS), a cognitive femto base station, and associated end user devices that support a new air interface operating in non-contiguous spectrum bands. We also describe application of our concepts and solutions in the context of refarming the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) spectrum worldwide to enable smooth evolution of GSM to third generation (3G) LTE standards.
Natural Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Role of Herbals in the Treatment of Hyperpigmentary Disorders (2019)

Cutaneous pigmentation plays critical role in determining the color of skin along with photo protection of skin from dreadful effects of ultraviolet radiations. Conversely, abnormal accumulation of melanin is responsible for hyper pigmentary disorders such as melasma, senile lentigines and freckles. Because of the visible nature of dermatologic diseases, they have a considerable psychosomatic effect on affected patients. Tyrosinase inhibitors are molecules that interrelate in some way with the enzyme to prevent it from working in the normal manner. Past many decades witnessed the quest for the development of natural tyrosinase inhibitors due to imperative role played by tyrosinase in the process of melanogenesis and fungi or fruit enzymatic browning. Mechanism of pigmentation is characterized by the intact process of the synthesis of specialized black pigment within melanosomes. Melanin is synthesized by a cascade of enzymatic and chemical reactions. For this reason, melanin production is mainly controlled by the expression and activation of tyrosinase. In the current article, we discussed tyrosinase inhibitors from the natural sources, which can be an essential constituent of cosmetics products and depigmenting agents for the treatment of hyperpigmentory disorders.
Tandem dye-ligand chromatography and biospecific elution applied to the purification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> (1983)

1. A total of 65 immobilized triazine dyes were screened for their ability to purify the dual-nucleotide-specific glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides. From this screen a 'negative' (Matrex Gel Purple A) and a 'positive' (Matrex Gel Orange B) adsorbent were found to be the best in terms of overall purification and yield and were therefore combined to give the best purification. 2. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides was purified approx. 56-fold in a two-step tandem chromatographic system using Matrex Gel Purple A followed by Matrex Gel Orange B chromatography to a specific activity of 228 units/mg of protein in a final yield of 73%. 3. A study of the elution characteristics of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase bound to Matrex Gel Orange B by KCl (pulse and gradient) and biospecific eluents (pulse) was carried out. NADP+, NADPH and adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate were found to be the only effective biospecific eluents. A pulse of 50 microM-NADP+ (1/2 column vol.) was found to give a better purification than a 0-1 M-KCl gradient and therefore was the preferred method of elution. 4. Presaturation of the enzyme with various nucleotides was carried out to determine the effect on the subsequent binding of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to Matrex Gel Orange B. The results of these and biospecific-elution studies lead us to propose two possible schemes to explain the mechanism of the dye-protein interaction. 5. Reusability, capacity of the adsorbent and effect of varying the ligand concentration were also studied in the purification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase on Matrex Gel Orange B.