gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Recognition at Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide (P2) Receptors (2004)

In comparison to other classes of cell surface receptors, the medicinal chemistry at P2X (ligand-gated ion channels) and P2Y (G protein-coupled) nucleotide receptors has been relatively slow to develop. Recent effort to design selective agonists and antagonists based on a combination of library screening, empirical modification of known ligands, and rational design have led to the introduction of potent antagonists of the P2X(1) (derivatives of pyridoxal phosphates and suramin), P2X(3)(A-317491), P2X(7) (derivatives of the isoquinoline KN-62), P2Y(1)(nucleotide analogues MRS 2179 and MRS 2279), P2Y(2)(thiouracil derivatives such as AR-C126313), and P2Y(12)(nucleotide/nucleoside analogues AR-C69931X and AZD6140) receptors. A variety of native agonist ligands (ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP, and UDP-glucose) are currently the subject of structural modification efforts to improve selectivity. MRS2365 is a selective agonist for P2Y(1)receptors. The dinucleotide INS 37217 potently activates the P2Y(2)receptor. UTP-gamma-S and UDP-beta-S are selective agonists for P2Y(2)/P2Y(4)and P2Y(6)receptors, respectively. The current knowledge of the structures of P2X and P2Y receptors, is derived mainly from mutagenesis studies. Site-directed mutagenesis has shown that ligand recognition in the human P2Y(1)receptor involves individual residues of both the TMs (3, 5, 6, and 7), as well as EL 2 and 3. The binding of the negatively-charged phosphate moiety is dependent on positively charged lysine and arginine residues near the exofacial side of TMs 3 and 7.
Molecular genetic analysis of familial early-onset Alzheimer's disease linked to chromosome 14q24.3 (1995)

Genetic linkage studies have indicated that chromosome 14q24.3 harbours a major locus for early-onset (onset age <65 years) Alzheimer's disease (AD3). Positional cloning efforts have identified a novel gene S182 or presenilin 1 as the AD3 gene. We have mapped S182 in the AD3 candidate region between D14S277 and D14S284 defined by genetic linkage studies in the two chromosome 14 linked, early-onset AD families AD/A and AD/B. We have shown that S182 is expressed in lymphoblasts and have determined the complete cDNA in both brain and lymphoblasts by RT-PCR sequencing. S182 is alternatively spliced in both brain and lymphoblasts within a putative phosphorylation site located 5' in the coding region. We identified two novel mutations, Ile143Thr and Gly384la located in, respectively, the second transmembrane domain and in the sixth hydrophilic loop of the putative transmembrane structure of S182. As families AD/A and AD/B have very similar AD phenotype our observation of two mutations in functionally different domains suggest that onset age and severity of AD may not be very helpful predictors of the location of putative S182 mutations.
Cell-mediated immunity to non-HLA antigens of the host by donor lymphocytes in patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease. (1980)

Forty-four patients with aplastic anemia or leukemia were given marrow grafts from siblings selected on the basis of HLA-A and -B identity and mutual nonreactivity of their lymphocytes in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). Twenty-two to 1089 days after grafting, their lymphocytes (of donor origin) were tested for reactivity in MLC to lymphocytes from the host (cryopreserved before grafting), the marrow donor, and unrelated individuals. Lymphocytes from 14 of 22 long-term survivors with chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) showed unidirectional reactivity in response to host lymphocytes manifested as high stimulation indices (SI) and high relative responses (RR). Lymphocytes from only 1 of 12 long-term survivors without chronic GVHD showed unidirectional reactivity to host lymphocytes. Statistical analysis showed that lymphocytes from patients with chronic GVHD displayed anti-host responses that were significantly higher than those of lymphocytes from either marrow donors (p < 0.001) or patients without GVHD (p = 0.03). Lymphocytes from 5 patients with and 5 without acute GVHD, tested shortly after marrow grafting, failed to show responses to host cells. The results are consistent with a participation of cell-mediated immunity of graft against host in chronic GVHD.
Anisotropic fiber with a depressed-cladding profile (1987)

Anisotropic fibers of the depressed-cladding type are analyzed by employing an iterative perturbation technique in a simple and straightforward way. An analytic expression is obtained for calculating the leaky-mode losses of an anisotropic depressed-cladding fiber. Numerical results show that such fibers possess much higher losses than those predicted earlier for a step-index model and hence are more advantageous for use in achieving singlepolarization, single-mode operation.
Bayesian estimation from few samples: community detection and related problems (2017)

We propose an efficient meta-algorithm for Bayesian estimation problems that is based on low-degree polynomials, semidefinite programming, and tensor decomposition. The algorithm is inspired by recent lower bound constructions for sum-of-squares and related to the method of moments. Our focus is on sample complexity bounds that are as tight as possible (up to additive lower-order terms) and often achieve statistical thresholds or conjectured computational thresholds. Our algorithm recovers the best known bounds for community detection in the sparse stochastic block model, a widely-studied class of estimation problems for community detection in graphs. We obtain the first recovery guarantees for the mixed-membership stochastic block model (Airoldi et el.) in constant average degree graphs---up to what we conjecture to be the computational threshold for this model. We show that our algorithm exhibits a sharp computational threshold for the stochastic block model with multiple communities beyond the Kesten--Stigum bound---giving evidence that this task may require exponential time. The basic strategy of our algorithm is strikingly simple: we compute the best-possible low-degree approximation for the moments of the posterior distribution of the parameters and use a robust tensor decomposition algorithm to recover the parameters from these approximate posterior moments.
Delayed Stimulatory Effect of Low-intensity Shockwaves on Human Periosteal Cells (2005)

We investigated the effect of shockwaves on cells explanted from normal human periosteum to study the potential mechanisms of their responses and to determine suitable treatment settings. The cells were subjected to one shockwave treatment with systematic combinations of energy intensities (range, 0.05-0.5 mJ/mm) and number of shocks (range, 500-2000) whereas control cells received no treatment. The immediate effect on cell viability and the long-lasting effect on proliferation, viable cell number at Day 18, and mineralization at Day 35 were assessed. We observed an immediate dose-dependent destructive effect of shockwaves. Energy intensity and number of shocks contributed equally to viability. Total energy dose (intensity x number of shocks) was a better reference for determining the shockwave effect. We also found a long-term stimulatory effect on proliferation, viable cell number, and calcium deposition of human periosteal cells. At the same total energy dose, low-intensity shockwaves with more shocks (0.12 mJ/mm at 1250 shocks) were more favorable for enhancing cellular activities than high-intensity waves with fewer shocks (0.5 mJ/mm at 300 shocks). These findings document some of the biochemical changes of periosteal cells during shockwave treatments.
Applications and Preparative Process of Ultra-fine Ground CaCO_3 (2000)

The applications and preparative process of ultra - fine ground CaCO3 have been summariged in the artide. Its developmental orientation in Chira has also been put forward.
STUDY ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES (2008)

Polypropylene/ maleic anhydride /organic montmorillonite nanocomposites (PP/
MA/ Org-MMT) have been prepared via direct melt intercalation in an internal mixer. Maleic
anhydride (MA) was used as a compatibilizer to improve the dispersability of the clay. The
structures of nanocomposites have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties and
thermal stability were determined by tensile analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),
respectively. The XRD patterns, TEM and SEM image showed exfoliation of Org-MMT layers in
PP matrix and existence of both the exfoliated, intercalated structures of the formed nanocomposites
in presence of 1% MA. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and thermal stability
of PP/MA/Org-MMT nanocomposites was higher than those of neat PP. MA played a very
important role in reduction of size of Org-MMT and improved its dispersion in PP matrix.
Transformers and Generative Adversarial Networks for Liveness Detection in Multitarget Fingerprint Sensors (2021)

Fingerprint-based biometric systems have grown rapidly as they are used for various applications including mobile payments, international border security, and financial transactions. The widespread nature of these systems renders them vulnerable to presentation attacks. Hence, improving the generalization ability of fingerprint presentation attack detection (PAD) in cross-sensor and cross-material setting is of primary importance. In this work, we propose a solution based on a transformers and generative adversarial networks (GANs). Our aim is to reduce the distribution shift between fingerprint representations coming from multiple target sensors. In the experiments, we validate the proposed methodology on the public LivDet2015 dataset provided by the liveness detection competition. The experimental results show that the proposed architecture yields an increase in average classification accuracy from 68.52% up to 83.12% after adaptation.
Neuronal Apoptosis After CNS Injury: The Roles of Glutamate and Calcium (2000)

While a role has been well established for excitotoxic necrosis in the pathogenesis of traumatic or ischemic damage to the CNS, accumulating evidence now suggests that apoptosis may also be a prominent contributor. In this review we focus on the role of glutamate and attendant intracellular calcium influx in triggering or modifying excitotoxic necrosis and apoptosis, raising the possibility that calcium influx may affect these two death pathways in opposite directions. Incorporating consideration of both pathways will probably be needed to develop the most effective neuroprotective treatments for CNS injury.
[Pharmacological characterization of novel pyridazines. Part 2: Analgetic, antipyretic and antiphlogistic activity (author's transl)]. (1981)

Using the tail-flick and the hot-plate method as well as the Writhing syndrome as screening procedures, the author tested newly synthetized pyridazine derivatives for analgetic activity in the mouse. Of the 17 compounds tested, the sulphur-containing derivative 3-amino-4-mercapto-6-methylpyridazine (17) has been found to be the most active one. The relatively great effectiveness of 17 was also confirmed in rats (antipyresis model and acute oedema of the hind paw), this substance being superior to all the other compounds under investigation with regard to the quality of the antipyretic and antiphlogistic effects. Further studies of the analgetic, antipyretic and antiphlogistic activity of this group of substances are planned. In this connection, the synthesis of other sulphur-containing pyridazine derivatives seems especially desirable.
Biochemical Markers of Anaphylactoid Reactions to Drugs Comparison of Plasma Histamine and Tryptase (1991)

Adverse reactions to drugs require that their mechanisms be elucidated, particularly when anaphylaxis is suspected. Early diagnosis can be achieved by plasma histamine measurements. Unfortunately, the short plasma half-life of histamine and the difficulties in handling the sample usually preclude this measurement, although a sensitive radioimmunologic kit is routinely available. It has been recently suggested that mast cell tryptase, a component of the mast cell granules, could provide an alternative to histamine determination. We have measured plasma histamine and tryptase in 19 patients who developed possible anaphylactoid reactions to anesthetic or other drugs. Eight patients had increased values for both histamine and tryptase. In 4 a muscle relaxant drug was proved responsible for the reaction. Six patients had normal levels for both substances. In each case, the clinical signs of anaphylaxis were moderate. Two patients had normal histamine and high tryptase concentrations, due to late sampling (greater than 5 h). In 2 other patients, histamine was high, with normal tryptase: in 1, muscle relaxant allergy was further demonstrated. Tryptase half-life was equal to 90 min in 3 patients. At least 15 min was necessary to reach the peak level when the responsible drug was administered intravenously. The best time for measuring tryptase was 1-2 h after the reaction (not greater than 6 h), whereas for histamine it was 10 min to 1 h. We conclude that measurement of plasma tryptase along with measurement of plasma histamine may aid in diagnosis of anaphylaxis.
Optical Switching Middleware for the OptIPuter (2003)

Rat alpha-lactalbumin is unique in contrast to alpha-lactalbumin isolated from other species in that it exists in three charge forms. Each form contains carbohydrate and is active in the lactose synthetase reaction. Form II comprises about 80% of the total alpha-lactalbumin and contains a single heteropolysaccharide unit which is attached to the polypeptide chain at Asn45. The detailed structure of this unit was ascertained using specific exoglycosidases, endoglycosidases, and methylation analysis. The following structure is proposed for the heteropolysaccharide unit: (formula: see text).
Effect of chain length on mesomorphism of steroid esters of 4-(4-alkylphenyl-X)benzoic acids with X = CO, O, S, and CH2 (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of chain length on mesomorphism of steroid esters of 4-(4-alkylphenyl-X)benzoic acids with X = CO, O, S, and CH2Mitsuhiro Koden, Tadao Yagyu, Shunsuke Takenaka, and Shigekazu KusabayashiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 23, 4730–4737Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100246a037https://doi.org/10.1021/j100246a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Preparation, characterization, and pyrolysis of [-B10H12.cntdot.diamine]-n polymers: a new route to boron nitride (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation, characterization, and pyrolysis of [-B10H12.cntdot.diamine]-n polymers: a new route to boron nitrideDietmar Seyferth and William S. Rees, Jr.Cite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 6, 1106–1116Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00018a030https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00018a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Method Validation for the Analysis of Multiple Weight Loss Drugs in Dietary Supplement Materials by LC-MS/MS (2016)

A method validation is reported for the detection and quantification of multiple weight loss drugs in dietary supplement materials. The sample preparation was followed as described in LIB 4549 and the mass spectral measurements were accomplished using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. A method validation was performed at various fortification levels (250 and 1000 g/g) for all 11 drug compounds. The overall recoveries with standard deviation averaged 93.8 6.65% with the majority of individual recoveries in the range of 76% - 110%. The overall limits of quantification (LOQ) for analytes averaged at 10 ng/g. An overall indicator of linearity (R2) averaged at 0.9993 (0.0 250.0 ng/mL). The precision of five replicates of the 50 ng/mL level averaged at 98.4 0.41% with < 1%.https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v03n02p015 (DOI assigned 8/7/2019)
Packaging system S-parameter model decomposition and on-demand composition using directional junctions for signal integrity transient simulation (2009)

A simple method for packaging system S-parameter model decomposition and on-demand composition on the circuit model level is proposed in this paper to make the multi-aggressor single-victim channel group circuit modeling easier, more flexible, and more manageable. This approach uses the concept of the directional junction model proposed in [1][2] combined with small two-port single-channel circuit model and four-port single crosstalk circuit model as building bricks. The system SI transient simulation using the composited model is very accurate compared with the one using the original full-matrix or sparse matrix channel group S-parameter model.
Sub-channel grouping and statistical water-filling for MIMO-OFDM systems (2004)

This paper studies the power control schemes for MIMO-OFDM systems assuming that perfect channel state information is available to both transmitter and receiver sides. Suppose M is the minimum of the transmit/receive antenna numbers, N is the number of subcarriers, we propose a sub-channel grouping technique which groups the MN space-frequency sub-channels into M grouped channels. Three power control schemes are then proposed to allocate the transmission powers over the grouped channels. The proposed schemes perform water-filling over M dimensions rather than MN dimensions, thus they have reduced computation and implementation complexity. Computer simulations are given to evaluate and to compare the capacities achieved by different schemes.
Sleep, Recovery, and Athletic Performance (2013)

SLEEP HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO OPTIMAL ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE. HOWEVER, THE PSYCHOSOCIOPHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSES PLACED ON ELITE ATHLETES MAY RESULT IN AN INABILITY TO GAIN APPROPRIATE SLEEP. IMPROVING AN ATHLETE'S SLEEP HYGIENE IS SEEN AS A KEY STRATEGY THAT COULD HAVE POWERFUL IMPLICATIONS FOR ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE. THEREFORE, THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO (A) OVERVIEW THE IMPACT OF SLEEP ON RECOVERY AND ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; (B) OUTLINE SLEEP HYGIENE STRATEGIES; AND (C) PROVIDE SLEEP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ATHLETES AND COACHES. THE SLEEP HYGIENE STRATEGIES PRESENTED IN THIS ARTICLE REPRESENT A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO IMPROVE SLEEP IN ELITE ATHLETES.
Bleomycin-induced DNA damage and repair in human cells permeabilized with lysophosphatidylcholine. (1990)

We have examined bleomycin-induced DNA damage and repair in confluent human fibroblasts that were reversibly permeabilized to small molecules (e.g., deoxynucleotide triphosphates and trypan blue) by a short exposure to 80 micrograms/ml lysophosphatidylcholine. We found that this treatment dramatically increases the dose effectiveness of bleomycin in inducing DNA strand breaks and DNA repair synthesis in these cells. For example, when intact cells (not treated with lysophosphatidylcholine) were incubated with 100 micrograms/ml bleomycin, only about 5% of the cell population was observed to have undergone measurable DNA repair synthesis (by autoradiography). On the other hand, when these cells were reversibly permeabilized with lysophosphatidylcholine before treatment, we observed significant repair synthesis in greater than 80% of the cells using a bleomycin dose of only 5 micrograms/ml. Furthermore, sufficient levels of single- and double-strand breaks were introduced into nucleosome linker DNA of permeabilized cells to yield a nucleosomal repeat pattern in alkaline and neutral agarose gels. However, no change in the amount of DNA less than 23 kilobases was observed on these gels when intact cells were incubated with bleomycin.
Conformations of Co-Translational Folding Intermediates (2005)

While in vitro experiments have contributed much to our understanding of protein folding, we know much less about how proteins fold in the more complex environment of the cell. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the earliest in vivo folding intermediates: the conformations adopted by nascent polypeptides during synthesis by the ribosome. The challenges related to successful folding in the cellular environment, including off-pathway aggregation and macromolecular crowding, are also discussed.
A spoonful of sugar: the application of glycopolymers in therapeutics (2010)

Glycopolymers, synthetic polymers displaying carbohydrate moieties, have been linked to many potential applications at the biology–chemistry interface. One area that holds particular promise is the employment of glycopolymers as vehicles for therapeutics or as therapeutics themselves. This review summarises some of the more prominent examples as well as those in the early stages of development.