gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed inoculation alters infection success of strains of the endophyte<i>Epichloë bromicola</i>on its grass host<i>Bromus erectus</i> (2002)

Within-host competition in multiply infected hosts is considered an important component of host-parasite interactions, but experimental studies on the dynamics of multiple infections are still rare. We measured the infection frequencies of four strains of the fungal endophyte Epichloë bromicola on two genotypes of its host plant Bromus erectus after single- and double-strain inoculation. Double-strain inoculations resulted in fewer double, but more single, infections than expected on the basis of infection frequencies in single-strain inoculations. In most cases, only one of the two strains established an infection, and strains differed in their overall competitive ability. This pattern resembles the mutual exclusion scenarios in some theoretical models of parasite evolution. In addition, competitive ability varied with host genotype, which may represent a mechanism for the coexistence of strains in a population. Hence, considering the genetic variation in both host and parasite may be important for a better understanding of within-host dynamics and their role in epidemiology or (co)evolution.
Capacity of the MIMO interference channel to within a constant gap (2011)

The capacity region of the 2-user multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Gaussian interference channel (IC) is characterized to within a constant gap that is independent of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and all channel parameters. The general MIMO IC is considered with an arbitrary number of antennas at each node. For a class of MIMO ICs characterized by the relation between the numbers of antennas at the different nodes this gap is strictly smaller than the gap in a previous result obtained by Telatar and Tse. For instance, the gap for the SIMO IC with single antenna transmitters and N-antenna receivers obtained here is 1 bit, instead of N bits. Moreover, a simple (or universal) and an explicit achievable coding scheme are given here that have the constant-gap-to-capacity property. Consequently, explicit upper and lower bounds to the capacity region are obtained. A reciprocity result is also proved which is that the capacity of the reciprocal MIMO IC is within a constant gap of the capacity region of the forward MIMO IC.
Hyperinsulinemic–Euglycemic Clamp to Assess Insulin Sensitivity In Vivo (2009)

Insulin resistance, the impaired ability of insulin to stimulate glucose utilization, is a major characteristic of type 2 diabetes. Insulin sensitivity can be measured using a variety of techniques that are commonly employed in diabetes research and care. Of these, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is the gold-standard method to assess insulin sensitivity. The euglycemic clamp is widely used in clinics and laboratories to measure insulin action on glucose utilization in humans and animals for clinical and basic science research. Incorporation of radioactive-labeled glucose during euglycemic clamps makes it possible to measure glucose metabolism in individual organs. In recent years, euglycemic clamps have been actively performed in transgenic animal models of obesity, diabetes, and its complications, and have significantly advanced our understanding on the etiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. This chapter describes our standardized methods of the euglycemic clamp and associated surgical and biochemical procedures to measure insulin sensitivity in conscious rodents.
Rubberlike Elasticity: A Molecular Primer (1988)

Elastomers and rubberlike materials form a critical component in diverse applications that range from tyres to biomimetics and are used in chemical, biomedical, mechanical and electrical engineering. This updated and expanded edition provides an elementary introduction to the physical and molecular concepts governing elastic behaviour, with a particular focus on elastomers. The coverage of fundamental principles has been greatly extended and fully revised, with analogies to more familiar systems such as gases, producing an engaging approach to these phenomena. Dedicated chapters on novel uses of elastomers, covering bioelastomers, filled elastomers and liquid crystalline elastomers, illustrate the established and emerging applications at the forefront of physical science. With a list of experiments and demonstrations, problem sets and solutions, this is a self-contained introduction to the topic for graduate students, researchers and industrialists working in the applied fields of physics and chemistry, polymer science and engineering
<i>In vitro</i> Activity of Polyhydroxycarboxylates against Herpesviruses and Hiv (2001)

The antiviral activity of 17 polyhydroxycarboxylates derived from phenolic compounds was evaluated against herpesviruses and HIV. When present during virus adsorption several of the polymers exhibited potent activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, thymidine kinase deficient HSV-1, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and HIV-1 and HIV-2 at concentrations that were not toxic to the host cells. A close correlation was found between the 50% inhibitory concentrations of the polyhydroxycarboxylates against HCMV-induced cytopathicity, their inhibitory effect on the expression of HCMV-specific immediate early antigens and their inhibitory effects on HCMV adsorption to the cells. The antiviral activity of the phenolic polymers was dependent on the presence of a sufficient number of carboxylic groups. The mechanism of antiviral action of the polyhydroxycarboxylates can thus be ascribed to inhibition of virus adsorption. This type of compound may have potential in a vaginal gel to prevent sexual transmission of HSV and HIV.
Mode Locking of the cw Dye Laser (1971)

A cw dye laser has been mode locked with a LiNbO3 phase modulator. Good mode locking was difficult to obtain. Pulses ∼500 psec wide with substructure at the detector resolution were observed. With an internal thin etalon, shorter pulses were observed with very distinct substructure at the detector resolution. Under certain circumstances pulses 200 psec wide were obtained.
Comparison of flip chip and wire bond interconnections and the technology evaluation on 51 GHz transceiver modules (1996)

On test vehicles realized in flip chip and wire bond versions, RF-measurements up to 70 GHz had been performed. The evaluation of the results shows the superiority of the flip chip mounting technology. To demonstrate the gain on system performance, two 51 GHz transmitter/receiver modules were realized, one in flip chip and one in wire bond technology. In the flip chip version the low noise amplifier (LNA) and the transmitter chip are directly flip chip mounted on the back structure of a planar patch antenna. In the wire bond version the chips were mounted on one edge of the planar patch antenna to achieve shortest wire bond connections possible. RF-evaluations show the clear advantage of the flip chip version, where a system gain of more than 7 dB could be achieved in comparison to the wire bond version. Further advantages of flip chip mounting technology are a higher reproducibility and an enhanced flexibility for design and construction. In case of transceiver modules, this higher flexibility enables to reduce the length of the feedline drastically in the flip chip version by mounting the MMICs directly on the back structure of the planar patch antenna again leading to reduced losses. The technology used for flip chip assembling consists of a substrate bumping process by Au microplating and a Au/Au-thermocompression bonding process for mounting of the MMICs.
Rare-Earth-Containing Magnetic Liquid Crystals (2000)

Rare-earth-containing metallomesogens with 4-alkoxy-N-alkyl-2-hydroxybenzaldimine ligands are reported. The stoichiometry of the complexes is [Ln(LH)3(NO3)3], where Ln is the trivalent rare-earth ion (Y, La, and Pr to Lu, except Pm) and LH is the Schiff base. The Schiff base ligands are in the zwitterionic form and coordinate through the phenolic oxygen only. The three nitrate groups coordinate in a bidentate fashion. The X-ray single-crystal structures of the nonmesogenic homologous complexes [Ln(LH)3(NO3)3], where Ln = Nd(III), Tb(III), and Dy(III) and LH = CH3OC6H3(2-OH)CHNC4H9, are described. Although the Schiff base ligands do not exhibit a mesophase, the metal complexes do (SmA phase). The mesogenic rare-earth complexes were studied by NMR, IR, EPR, magnetic susceptibility measurements, X-ray diffraction, and molecular modeling. The metal complexes in the mesophase have a very large magnetic anisotropy, so that these magnetic liquid crystals can easily be aligned by an external magnetic field.
A clinical monitoring form for mood disorders (2002)

The CMF appears to offer a reasonable alternative to the formal rating scales typically used in research studies.
Conformational drift of dissociated lactate dehydrogenases (1986)

Bovine and porcine lactate dehydrogenases, in solutions of 0.1-10 microM at neutral pH, dissociate into monomers upon application of hydrostatic pressures of up to 2 kbar. The dissociation was determined from observations of the polarization of fluorescence under pressure in seeming equilibrium conditions and by occasional hybridization experiments of the H4 and M4 isozymes. Decompression is followed by the rapid association of the monomers into tetramers and by slow, and sometimes incomplete, return of the enzymic activity. The dissociation curves obtained on compression and decompression differ, indicating that association results in partial loss of subunit affinity. These phenomena are attributed to a slow conformational drift that follows the loss of contact of the monomers with each other and to an even slower reversal of the drift that takes place upon reassociation.
Adjuvants and the Initiation of T-Cell Responses (2006)

Despite extensive study and use of adjuvants that promote initiation of T-cell responses, we are only now beginning to understand the mechanistic basis for the adjuvant effect. This rapidly increasing understanding is a result of several factors including advances in our fundamental understanding of the requirements of T-cell activation, a developing appreciation of the importance of innate immunity in T-cell activation, and realization that dendritic cells (DCs) play the central role as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to activate T cells. Furthermore, previous studies of adjuvants were largely empirical although new approaches are allowing much more detailed and quantitative studies of the in vivo activation of antigen (Ag)-specific T cells. Impetus for studying the mechanisms by which adjuvants influence T-cell responses is provided by their tremendous importance in developing vaccination strategies to prevent and treat diseases. In addition to the classical adjuvant formulations, most of which include bacterial cell wall components, numerous other substances with adjuvant effects have been described and the list continues to grow. The ability to activate DCs and induce production of inflammatory cytokines is emerging as a critical feature shared by most if not all adjuvants, and recent studies are beginning to suggest ways in which these cytokines contribute to T-cell proliferation and differentiation. This chapter examines the requirements for effective activation of T-cell responses and discusses how adjuvants and their effects on DCs can or might contribute at each stage.
Blogging Gulf War II (2006)

This frame analysis of blogs active during the second Gulf War found that overall, bloggers worked within existing discourses about the war, primarily employing pro-war and anti-war frames. The blogs also promoted blogging itself as a solution to the problems of reporting on war as some bloggers saw themselves as improvements on mainstream media.
Age and Solubility of Volatile Anesthetics in Blood (1984)

The more rapid rate of rise of alveolar anesthetic partial pressure in children compared with adults may be explained in part by an increasing solubility of volatile anesthetics in blood with age. To investigate this possibility, the authors measured the blood-gas partition coefficients of isoflurane, enflurane, halothane, and methoxyflurane in four groups of fasting subjects: 10 full-term newborns (at delivery), 11 children (3-7 years old), 11 adults (20-40 years old), and 10 elderly adults (75-85 years old). The blood-gas partition coefficients were greatest in adults: isoflurane 1.46, enflurane 2.07, halothane 2.65, and methoxyflurane 16.0; and least in newborns: 1.19, 1.78, 2.14, 13.3, respectively. The blood-gas partition coefficients in children (1.28, 1.78, 2.39, 15.0, respectively), which were intermediate between those in newborns (P less than 0.005) and those in adults (P less than 0.005), were not significantly different from those in elderly adults (1.29, 1.79, 2.41, 15.0, respectively). The blood-gas partition coefficients of both isoflurane and enflurane correlated directly with the serum albumin and triglyceride concentrations; that of halothane correlated directly with the serum cholesterol, albumin, triglyceride, and globulin concentrations; and that of methoxyflurane correlated directly with the serum cholesterol, albumin, and globulin concentrations. The authors conclude that age significantly affects blood-gas partition coefficients, and the lower blood-gas partition coefficients in children explain in part the more rapid rise of alveolar anesthetic partial pressure in this age group.
Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed Functionalization of Unstrained Carbon–Carbon Bonds through β-Carbon Cleavage of Alcohols (2015)

ISSN:2155-5435
Transdermal nicotine patches plus counselling increased smoking cessation (1991)

TherapeuticsNovember 1, 1991Transdermal nicotine patches plus counselling increased smoking cessationAllan Prochazka, MD, MScAllan Prochazka, MD, MScDenver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA (A.P.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-1991-115-3-085 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationTønnesen P, Nørregaard J, Simonsen K, Säwe U. A double-blind trial of a 16-hour transdermal nicotine patch in smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 1991 Aug 1;325:311-5. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA (A.P.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails November 1, 1991Volume 115, Issue 3Page: 85KeywordsAlcoholismAttentionBehaviorBreast feedingCarbon monoxideCardiovascular diseasesDrug abuseDrugsNicotineSafety ePublished: 9 March 2020 Issue Published: November 1, 1991 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1991 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
A novel 3D scalable video compression algorithm (2003)

In this paper we propose a scalable video coding scheme that utilizes the embedded block coding with optimal truncation (EBCOT) compression algorithm. Three dimensional spatio-temporal decomposition of the video sequence succeeded by compression using the EBCOT generates a SNR and resolution scalable bit stream. The proposed video coding algorithm not only performs closer to the MPEG-4 video coding standard in compression efficiency but also provides better SNR and resolution scalability. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm does better than the 3-D SPIHT (Set Partitioning in Hierarchial Trees) algorithm by 1.5dB.
Design Parameters for a Rice Husk Throatless Gasifier Reactor (2006)

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M University
Deep Variational Bayes Filters: Unsupervised Learning of State Space\n Models from Raw Data (2016)

We introduce Deep Variational Bayes Filters (DVBF), a new method for\nunsupervised learning and identification of latent Markovian state space\nmodels. Leveraging recent advances in Stochastic Gradient Variational Bayes,\nDVBF can overcome intractable inference distributions via variational\ninference. Thus, it can handle highly nonlinear input data with temporal and\nspatial dependencies such as image sequences without domain knowledge. Our\nexperiments show that enabling backpropagation through transitions enforces\nstate space assumptions and significantly improves information content of the\nlatent embedding. This also enables realistic long-term prediction.\n
Inhibition of cathepsin B activity reduces apoptosis by preventing cytochrome <i>c</i> release from mitochondria in porcine parthenotes (2015)

Cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine protease of the papain family, has recently been implicated in the quality and developmental competence of bovine preimplantation embryos. In this study, to determine whether inhibition of cathepsin B activity can improve porcine oocyte maturation and early embryo developmental competence, we supplemented in vitro maturation or embryo culture media with E-64, a cathepsin B inhibitor. Cathepsin B activity was high in poor quality germinal vesicle stage oocytes, but no differences in mRNA expression or protein localization were observed between good and poor quality oocytes, which were categorized based on morphology. Following treatment with 1 μM E-64, cathepsin B activity sharply decreased in 4-cell and blastocyst stage embryos. E-64 had no effect on cell number but significantly (P < 0.05) increased blastocyst formation and decreased the number of apoptotic cells in blastocysts. It also significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential in blastocysts, reducing the release of cytochrome c and resulting in decreased expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. In conclusion, inhibition of cathepsin B activity in porcine parthenotes using 1 μM E-64 resulted in attenuation of apoptosis via a reduction in the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria.
Global task force for influenza (2005)

Early detection and rapid response to bird flu, on a global scale, will drastically cut the costs of dealing with a full-blown human flu pandemic, argue Ron Fouchier, Thijs Kuiken, Guus Rimmelzwaan and Albert Osterhaus.
The dog as a possible animal model for human non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: a review (2012)

Lymphoma represents the most frequent hematopoietic cancer in dogs, and it shows significant overlap with the human disease. Several environmental factors have been associated with canine lymphoma, suggesting that they may contribute to lymphomagenesis. Canine lymphoma often presents in advanced stage (III-V) at diagnosis and, most commonly, has an aggressive clinical course requiring prompt treatment, which relies on the use of polychemotherapy. In this review, we will summarize the state-of-the-art of canine lymphoma epidemiology, pathobiology, diagnostic work-up and therapy, and will highlight the links to the corresponding human disease, providing evidence for the use of dog as an animal model of spontaneous disease.
Supervised Text-based Geolocation Using Language Models on an Adaptive Grid (2012)

The geographical properties of words have recently begun to be exploited for geolocating documents based solely on their text, often in the context of social media and online content. One common approach for geolocating texts is rooted in information retrieval. Given training documents labeled with latitude/longitude coordinates, a grid is overlaid on the Earth and pseudo-documents constructed by concatenating the documents within a given grid cell; then a location for a test document is chosen based on the most similar pseudo-document. Uniform grids are normally used, but they are sensitive to the dispersion of documents over the earth. We define an alternative grid construction using k-d trees that more robustly adapts to data, especially with larger training sets. We also provide a better way of choosing the locations for pseudo-documents. We evaluate these strategies on existing Wikipedia and Twitter corpora, as well as a new, larger Twitter corpus. The adaptive grid achieves competitive results with a uniform grid on small training sets and outperforms it on the large Twitter corpus. The two grid constructions can also be combined to produce consistently strong results across all training sets. 1
A Visual Library of Stability in Binary Metallic Systems: The Stabilization of Nanocrystalline Grain Size by Solute Addition: Part 1 (2012)

Abstract : In part 1, a visual library is reported for predicting stabilization in nanocrystalline binary alloys. A free energy model for grain boundary segregation and grain size stability has been applied for assessing the stability in 2288 distinct binary systems. The model incorporates accessible information that allows a more universal application. For each alloy pair, the values for elastic enthalpy, mixing enthalpy, minimum normalized grain-boundary energy, and the boundary concentration at the free energy minimum are reported. This data is presented in a periodic table format for each base solvent, where the pertinent parameters are reported numerically, and by color-coding to facilitate quick identification of stable alloys. The free energy of each system is dependent on the solvent, grain size, solute content, and temperature. In forthcoming work (part 2), the stabilization behavior of select alloys will be experimentally compared to the predictions reported here.
Low resistance ohmic contacts to high-T/sub c/ superconducting thin films (1989)

Metal contacts to high-T/sub c/ superconducting thin films have been studied. By analyzing the I-V characteristics at contact junctions and by synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy, the effect of contact metal and surface treatment before depositing contact metal on the metal-superconductor interface characteristics has been investigated. Low-resistance ohmic contacts are realized by the following sequence of processes: (1) oxygen ion sputter etching; (2) high-pressure oxygen plasma treatment, and (3) in situ deposition of Au with no interfacial reaction with the superconductor. A low-contact resistivity equal to 5.5*10/sup -7/ Omega -cm/sup 2/ at 77 K is realized experimentally.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The yes proto-oncogene is present in amphibians and contributes to the maternal RNA pool in the oocyte. (1989)

Low stringency screening of a cDNA library from the frog Xenopus laevis with a viral yes oncogene probe resulted in the isolation of clones with restriction maps which were distinct from previously identified X. laevis src cDNA clones. The polypeptide produced by in vitro translation of RNA synthesized from one of the clones was slightly larger in size than X. laevis pp60src, but gave protease cleavage patterns which were nearly identical to those yielded by pp60src. Determination of the DNA sequence of this clone revealed that it is derived from a X. laevis yes gene homologue. Transcripts from the yes gene were found in the ovary and consisted of a major 3.4 kb species and additional minor species. These findings indicate that the duplication event separating the src and yes genes occurred prior to the appearance of amphibians and that the yes gene product is likely to play an important role in oogenesis or early development.
Loudspeaker Design (1997)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Sound Radiation Loudspeaker System Components Direct-Radiating Loudspeaker Systems Horn-Loaded Loudspeakers Measurements References