gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor Activity of Hierridin B, a Cyanobacterial Secondary Metabolite Found in both Filamentous and Unicellular Marine Strains (2013)

Cyanobacteria are widely recognized as a valuable source of bioactive metabolites. The majority of such compounds have been isolated from so-called complex cyanobacteria, such as filamentous or colonial forms, which usually display a larger number of biosynthetic gene clusters in their genomes, when compared to free-living unicellular forms. Nevertheless, picocyanobacteria are also known to have potential to produce bioactive natural products. Here, we report the isolation of hierridin B from the marine picocyanobacterium Cyanobium sp. LEGE 06113. This compound had previously been isolated from the filamentous epiphytic cyanobacterium Phormidium ectocarpi SAG 60.90, and had been shown to possess antiplasmodial activity. A phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene from both strains confirmed that these cyanobacteria derive from different evolutionary lineages. We further investigated the biological activity of hierridin B, and tested its cytotoxicity towards a panel of human cancer cell lines; it showed selective cytotoxicity towards HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells.
Canted–Cosine–Theta Magnet (CCT)—A Concept for High Field Accelerator Magnets (2013)

Canted–Cosine–Theta (CCT) magnet is an accelerator magnet that superposes fields of nested and tilted solenoids that are oppositely canted. The current distribution of any canted layer generates a pure harmonic field as well as a solenoid field that can be cancelled with a similar but oppositely canted layer. The concept places windings within mandrel's ribs and spars that simultaneously intercept and guide Lorentz forces of each turn to prevent stress accumulation. With respect to other designs, the need for pre-stress in this concept is reduced by an order of magnitude making it highly compatible with the use of strain sensitive superconductors such as <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$</tex></formula> or HTS. Intercepting large Lorentz forces is of particular interest in magnets with large bores and high field accelerator magnets like the one foreseen in the future high energy upgrade of the LHC. This paper describes the CCT concept and reports on the construction of CCT1 a “proof of principle” dipole.
Iceman's Mummification—Implications from Infrared Spectroscopical and Histological Studies (1997)

Abstract A skin sample from the Iceman (Ötzi, Similaun Man, Man from Hauslabjoch) was studied by means of IR spectroscopy and histology, and the results were compared to those obtained from nine other more recent human tissue samples with known case reports. Attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy was used for studying the fate of proteins and lipids in these rare skin tissues. This technique provided a simple yet powerful means for semiquantitative determination of the main compound classes found in skin samples, namely, triacylglycerols, their main breakdown products (fatty acids), and proteins. When combined with histology, IR spectroscopy provided reliable information about the main conditions under which mummification of the samples had taken place. In the case of the 5300‐year‐old Iceman, preserved collagen contributed to the conservation of morphological structures of the skin, although no cellular structures such as nuclei survived. In addition, post‐mortal alterations such as hydrolysis of triacylglycerols and phospholipids into fatty acids were unequivocally demonstrated. The solidified fatty acids provided a certain degree of preservation to the tissue characteristic of adipocere. Based on this observation, taken together with the concomitant loss of epidermis, we suggest that Iceman's body was submerged in water for a period of at least several months prior to desiccation. Results from other research disciplines support our conclusions.
Pepducin targeting the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 acts as a biased agonist favoring activation of the inhibitory G protein (2013)

Short lipidated peptide sequences derived from various intracellular loop regions of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are named pepducins and act as allosteric modulators of a number of GPCRs. Recently, a pepducin selectively targeting the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) was found to be an allosteric agonist, active in both cell-based assays and in vivo. However, the precise mechanism of action of this class of ligands remains poorly understood. In particular, given the diversity of signaling effectors that can be engaged by a given receptor, it is not clear whether pepducins can show biased signaling leading to functional selectivity. To explore the ligand-biased potential of pepducins, we assessed the effect of the CXCR4 selective pepducin, ATI-2341, on the ability of the receptor to engage the inhibitory G proteins (Gi1, Gi2 and Gi3), G13, and β-arrestins. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based biosensors, we found that, in contrast to the natural CXCR4 ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1α, which promotes the engagement of the three Gi subtypes, G13 and the two β-arrestins, ATI-2341 leads to the engagement of the Gi subtypes but not G13 or the β-arrestins. Calculation of the transduction ratio for each pathway revealed a strong negative bias of ATI-2341 toward G13 and β-arrestins, revealing functional selectivity for the Gi pathways. The negative bias toward β-arrestins results from the reduced ability of the pepducin to promote GPCR kinase-mediated phosphorylation of the receptor. In addition to revealing ligand-biased signaling of pepducins, these findings shed some light on the mechanism of action of a unique class of allosteric regulators.
Fertility Preservation in Women With Breast Cancer (2010)

Fertility preservation is an important issue for young women diagnosed with breast cancer. The most well-established options for fertility preservation in cancer patients, embryo and oocyte cryopreservation, have not been traditionally offered to breast cancer patients as estradiol rise during standard stimulation protocols may not be safe for those patients. Potentially safer stimulation protocols using tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors induce lower levels of estradiol whereas similar results in terms of number of oocyte and embryo obtained to standard protocols. Cryopreservation of immature oocytes and ovarian cortical tissue, both still experimental methods, are also fertility preservation options for breast cancer patients.
Identification and characterization of insulin receptors on foetal-mouse brain-cortical cells (1984)

The occurrence of insulin receptors was investigated in freshly dissociated brain-cortical cells from mouse embryos. By analogy with classical insulin-binding cell types, binding of 125I-insulin to foetal brain-cortical cells was time- and pH-dependent, only partially reversible, and competed for by unlabelled insulin and closely related peptides. Desalanine-desasparagine-insulin, pig proinsulin, hagfish insulin and turkey insulin were respectively 2%, 4%, 2% and 200% as potent as bovine insulin in inhibiting 125I-insulin binding to brain-cortical cells, which corresponds to their relative biological potencies in classical insulin-target cells; no competition was observed with glucagon and nerve growth factor, even at high concentrations. Scatchard analysis of competitive-binding data resulted in curvilinear plots with a high-affinity binding of Ka = 3.6 X 10(8) M-1. Insulin binding to foetal brain-cortical cells differed, however, in two distinct aspects from that to classical insulin-binding cell types. Firstly, dilution of 125I-insulin-bound cells in the presence of unlabelled insulin did not accelerate dissociation of the labelled hormone. Secondly, exposure of brain-cortical cells to insulin before the binding assay enhanced insulin binding, suggesting up-regulation of insulin receptors in response to insulin. In conclusion, foetal-mouse brain-cortical cells bear specific binding sites for insulin. Their insulin receptor shows a marked specificity and affinity for insulin, but differs in at least two properties from most classical insulin receptors. These differences in hormone-receptor interaction could reflect structural differences between insulin receptors on embryonic and differentiated cells.
Rescue of axotomized retinal ganglion cells by BDNF gene electroporation in adult rats. (2002)

These findings demonstrate that electroporation is an effective method for the direct delivery of genes into RGCs, and that the BDNF gene transferred into RGCs by in vivo electroporation can protect axotomized RGCs against apoptosis.
Impact of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic on Mortality in Women of Reproductive Age, United States (1990)

To assess the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on mortality in US women 15 to 44 years of age and to identify associated causes of death, we examined final (1980 through 1987) and provisional (1988) national mortality statistics. Between 1985 and 1988, the death rate for HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) quadrupled (0.6 per 100,000 to 2.5 per 100,000), and by 1987, HIV/AIDS had become one of the 10 leading causes of death. In 1988, the death rate for black women (10.3 per 100,000) was nine times the rate for white women (1.2 per 100,000). The majority of deaths in both black and white women occurred in women 25 to 34 years of age, for whom HIV-related deaths accounted for 11% and 3% of all deaths in 1988, respectively. Among 1157 death certificates that included any mention of HIV/AIDS in 1987, other leading diagnoses included drug abuse (27%), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (20%), other pneumonias (14%), septicemia (10%), other infections not in the AIDS surveillance definition (7%), nephritis (6%), liver diseases (4%), and anemias (4%). If current mortality trends continue, HIV/AIDS can be expected to become one of the five leading causes of death by 1991 in women of reproductive age. Because women infected with HIV are the major source of infection for infants, these trends in AIDS mortality in women forecast the impact of HIV on mortality in children as well.
Aquatic Organism Passage Design Guidelines for Culverts (2011)

The Federal Highway Administration has developed new guidance for the design of culverts to facilitate aquatic organism passage (AOP). The guidance is provided in Hydraulic Engineering Circular (HEC) 26 "Culvert Design for Aquatic Organism Passage." The basis of the design approach is to provide hydraulic conditions within an embedded (or open-bottom) culvert similar to those found upstream and downstream of the culvert over a wide range of flow rates. By simulating the depth, velocity, and sediment transport capabilities of the channel within the culvert crossing, it is reasonable to infer that aquatic organisms capable of passing up and down the channel can also pass through the culvert. Species-specific information on the swimming capabilities or behaviors of fish (or other aquatic organisms) is not required. The procedure, summarized in this paper, features a 13-step design process that provides a sound basis for sizing crossing structures. An example application of the procedure is also provided in this paper.
An interposed 2-Level I/O scheduling framework for performance virtualization (2005)

No abstract available.
Schlußfolgerungen (1997)

Eine Analyse der Frage, ob und wie es zur Konvergenz der Produktivitätsniveaus von Ländern und Regionen kommt, war die Hauptaufgabe dieser Arbeit. Dazu kam das Problem der Definition und Messung der Konvergenz. In theoretischer Hinsicht bildete die neoklassische Wachstumstheorie die Grundlage der Untersuchung. Wie Kapitel 2 gezeigt hat, bedeutet Konvergenz in Modellen dieses Theoriezweigs streng genommen die Annäherung einer Ökonomie an ein langfristiges Gleichgewicht. Das Wachstum im Übergangsprozeß wird dabei getragen von der ständigen, aber sich verlangsamenden, Erhöhung der Kapitalintensität in der Volkswirtschaft. Diese Art des Übergangsprozesses impliziert eine Konvergenz mehrerer Ökonomien untereinander. Je nach den Voraussetzungen kann es dabei zu einer sogenannten tatsächlichen Konvergenz, d.h. einem tatsächlichen Angleichen der gemessenen Produktivitätsniveaus, oder zu einer sogenannten absoluten Konvergenz, d.h. einem Angleichen der relativen Niveaus, kommen. Liegen dem Wachstumsprozeß der Ökonomien unterschiedliche Bedingungen zugrunde, weil sie sich in Technologie- und Präferenzparametern unterscheiden, so ergibt sich eine sogenannte bedingte Konvergenz, weil die Niveaus nur (tatsächlich oder relativ) konvergieren, wenn diese Bedingungen konstant gehalten werden.
[Effects of H2-blockers on alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity]. (2008)

First-pass metabolism (FPM) of alcohol is demonstrated by lower blood alcohol concentrations after oral than intravenous administration of the same dose. FPM occurs predominantly in the stomach and has been attributed to class IV of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzyme localizated in the gastric mucosa. A number of factors that influence on gastric ADH activity and thereby modulate FPM have been identified. These include age, sex, ethnicity, concentrations and amounts of alcohol consumed and drugs. Several H2-receptor antagonists, including cimetidine and ranitidine, inhibit gastric ADH activity and reduce FPM, resulting in higher blood alcohol concentrations after H2-blockers administration.
Practices in High-Speed IO testing (2016)

With advances in VLSI technology, process, packaging, and architecture, SoC dies continue to increase in complexity. These advances have resulted in an unprecedented rise in design marginalities, manufacturing flaws and customer returns in SoCs with High-Speed IO circuits. This situation presents a challenge to develop sophisticated but low-cost test solutions. DFT-based test methods offer solutions to this challenge. This tutorial paper provides a summary of industry practices in DFT-based approaches to testing High-Speed IOs and their comparison with the specification-based tests.
Fundamental Factors in Corrosion Control (1947)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Herbert H. Uhlig; Fundamental Factors in Corrosion Control. CORROSION 1 April 1947; 3 (4): 173–184. doi: https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-3.4.173 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest Search
Synthesis, characterization, and <i>in vitro</i> activity of antibiotic releasing polyurethanes to prevent bacterial resistance (2006)

Central venous catheters are a major cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections. Different attempts have been made to incorporate antimicrobial agents into catheters, particularly directed at the surface-coating of devices. To facilitate the antimicrobial adsorption, various cationic surfactants, which however showed several problems, have been used. On the other hand, impregnated catheters with only antimicrobials have demonstrated a short-term duration due to the difficulties to deliver the drug slowly. Thus, in order to obtain high antimicrobial-polymer affinity we synthesized or modified polyurethanes to introduce different functional groups. Polymers were loaded with two antibiotics, cefamandole nafate and rifampin (RIF), chosen for both their functional groups and their action spectrum. The in vitro release behavior showed that the elution of drugs depended on the matrix hydrophilicity and on the antibiotic-polymer and antibiotic-antibiotic interactions. To increase the amount of drug released, polyethylene glycol (PEG) used as a pore forming agent at different molecular weights was incorporated in the polymer bulk with antibiotics. As for the in vitro antimicrobial activity of matrices, assessed by Kirby-Bauer test, it was seen that antibiotics released from various formulations inhibited the bacterial growth and exerted a synergistic effect when both were present. In particular, PEG10000-containing polymer was active against the RIF-resistant S. aureus strain up to 23 days. These results suggest that the combined entrapping of antibiotics and pore formers in these novel polymer systems could be promising to prevent the bacterial colonization and to control the emergence of bacterial resistance.
Biodegradable Plastics from Cellulose and Lignocellulosics (2002)

Abstract Introduction Historical Outline Plastics from Cellulose Acetate Plasticization of CA with Dibasic Acid Anhydrides and Monoepoxides during Melt‐processing, and Their Biodegradabilities Cellulose Acetate Plasticized by Grafting with Cyclic Esters Plastics from Lignocellulose and Applications to Biodegradable Polymers Plasticization of Wood by Benzylation and Blending with Polycaprolactone Bio‐ and Photo‐degradabilities of BzW and BzW/PCL Composites Production Outlook and Perspectives Patents
Low-current-density LED-pumped Nd: YAG laser using a solid cylindrical reflector (1974)

Results of a development program for light-emitting-diode (LED)-pumped neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) lasers highlight a significant design feature: an index-matching method to increase the coupling efficiency of the laser. A solid-glass half-cylinder measuring 5.0×5.6 cm was used for index matching and also as a pumping cavity reflector. An array of twenty 0.034×0.254-cm GaAlAs diodes, connected in series, aligned such that the emission area formed a straight line, was used to excite a 1.5×56-mm laser rod. The interfaces between the diode array, glass half-cylinder, and laser rod were filled with viscous fluid of refractive index n = 1.55. Experiments performed with both the glass half-cylinder and a gold-coated stainless steel reflector under the same operating conditions indicated that the index-matching half-cylinder gave 160–200% improvement of coupling efficiency over the metal reflector at various operating temperatures. For a 207-A/cm2 driving current density the laser produced cw output power of 27 mW.
Photochemical Oxidation of Hydrocarbons by Nitropyridinium Salts (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical Oxidation of Hydrocarbons by Nitropyridinium SaltsStephan Negele, Katja Wieser, and Theodor SeverinView Author Information Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sophienstrasse 10, D-80333 München, Germany Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 4, 1138–1143Publication Date (Web):January 23, 1998Publication History Received2 September 1997Published online23 January 1998Published inissue 1 February 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo971617ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo971617aresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views755Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Irradiation,Ketones,Oxidation,Reaction products,Salts Get e-Alerts
Transforming Growth Factor-α Acting at the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Reduces Infarct Volume after Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats (1999)

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a ligand for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR), and is more abundant than EGF in the brain. The authors studied whether administration of exogenous TGF-alpha into the brain can protect neurons against ischemia in a model of permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in the rat, and whether any effect of TGF-alpha was mediated by EGFR by administering 4,5-dianilinophthalimide (DAPH), a protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor with high selectivity for EGFR. Rats received either TGF-alpha (10 or 25 ng), DAPH (100 ng), DAPH plus TGF-alpha (25 ng), or vehicle in the ipsilateral first ventricle. Drugs were administered twice: 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after MCA occlusion, and infarct volume was evaluated 24 hours later. Transforming growth factor-alpha at the dose of 25 ng caused a statistically significant reduction of infarct volume (60%) in relation to ischemic rats administered vehicle. This reduction was no longer seen when TGF-alpha was administered in combination with DAPH. The present results show that TGF-alpha can protect neurons from ischemic damage, and that this effect is mediated by EGFR. It is suggested that activation of EGFR-mediated intracellular signalling pathways contributes to the survival of neural cells susceptible to ischemic injury.
Comparison of latch-based charge pumps using low voltage strategies in energy harvesting applications (2016)

This paper provides a comparison of low voltage design strategies in charge pumps that may be used with micro-power energy harvesters. The focus is on low input voltage (< 500 mV) for possible cold start in monolithic integration. An overview of published low voltage techniques in charge pump designs are presented in four perspectives: body effect, gate voltages, MOS threshold voltage and power losses. Based on these four perspectives, latch-based charge pumps are constructed to compare the effects of several low voltage strategies on the charge pumps' performances. These charge pumps are simulated in two-stages using the common TSMC180nm CMOS technology. This results in the enhanced gate voltage (also lower conduction losses) and threshold lowering schemes having the fastest ramp-up of 10–20ms while zero-body effect scheme providing best voltage pumping efficiency > 90% for 100–500mV input voltage ranges. The results will help designers to achieve optimum low voltage operation in specific charge pump performance metrics.
Practical differential privacy via grouping and smoothing (2013)

We address one-time publishing of non-overlapping counts with ε-differential privacy. These statistics are useful in a wide and important range of applications, including transactional, traffic and medical data analysis. Prior work on the topic publishes such statistics with prohibitively low utility in several practical scenarios. Towards this end, we present GS, a method that pre-processes the counts by elaborately grouping and smoothing them via averaging. This step acts as a form of preliminary perturbation that diminishes sensitivity, and enables GS to achieve ε-differential privacy through low Laplace noise injection. The grouping strategy is dictated by a sampling mechanism, which minimizes the smoothing perturbation. We demonstrate the superiority of GS over its competitors, and confirm its practicality, via extensive experiments on real datasets.