gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potentiated Opioid Analgesia in Norepinephrine Transporter Knock-Out Mice (2000)

Several studies have shown that activation of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (alpha(2)ARs) leads to mild analgesic effects. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), such as desipramine (DMI), which block norepinephrine transporters (NETs), also produce mild antinociception. The coadministration of either alpha(2)AR agonists or TCAs with opiates produces synergistically potentiated antinociception. It has been postulated that the analgesic effects of TCAs are determined by their ability to inhibit norepinephrine reuptake via interactions with the NET. To test this idea, we studied mice lacking a functional NET in spontaneous and morphine-induced antinociceptive paradigms. Morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c. ) treatment produced greater analgesia, as assayed in the warm water tail-flick assay, in NET-knock-out (-KO) mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. As anticipated, yohimbine, an inhibitor of alpha(2)ARs, blocked this potentiation. Moreover, a warm water swim-stress paradigm, which is known to induce the release of endogenous opioids, produced greater antinociception in NET-KO than in the WT mice. Naloxone, an inhibitor of opioid receptors, blocked the development of the swim-evoked analgesia in both WT and NET-KO mice, confirming the involvement of the endogenous opioid system. In the NET-KO mice, DMI did not further enhance analgesia but was still able to produce inhibitory effects on the locomotor activity of these mutants, suggesting that the effects of this TCA are not exclusively via interactions with the NET. In summary, these results demonstrate in a genetic model that both endogenous and exogenous opiate-mediated analgesia can be enhanced by elimination of the NET, indicating that the interaction of TCAs with NET mediates these effects.
Molecular diagnostics in chronic lymphocytic leukemia – Pathogenetic and clinical implications (2008)

The clinical staging systems by Rai and Binet have remained the mainstay for clinical decision-making in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, there is substantial heterogeneity of the disease within the clinical stage groups. In recent years, molecular and cellular markers have helped to predict the prognosis of CLL patients. The mutation status of the variable region of the Ig heavy chain (VH status) and genomic aberrations subdivide CLL into distinct clinical subgroups. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can identify genomic aberrations in approximately 80% of CLL cases. Although the FISH technique is used most widely, other approaches (array-CGH, SNP-arrays or CD40 or CpG-stimulated metaphase cytogenetics) show similar results, but assess all chromosomal regions. The most frequent aberrations are deletions in 13q, 11q or 17p, and trisomy 12. Apart from providing insights into the pathogenesis, genomic aberrations identify subgroups of patients with distinct clinical pictures (lymphadenopathy (11q-) or chemotherapy resistance (17p-)). Deletions at 11q and particularly 17p are associated with rapid disease progression or inferior survival and patients with these genetic abnormalities are candidates for clinical trials investigating alternative treatments and stem cell transplantation. Similarly, abnormalities associated with good prognosis may benefit from de-escalation of current treatment approaches.
Crystal structures, molecular conformations, infrared spectra, and carbon-13 NMR spectra of methylproline peptides in the solid state (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal structures, molecular conformations, infrared spectra, and carbon-13 NMR spectra of methylproline peptides in the solid stateJudith L. Flippen-Anderson, Richard Gilardi, Isabella L. Karle, Michael H. Frey, Stanley J. Opella, Lila M. Gierasch, Murray Goodman, Vincent Madison, and Norma G. DelaneyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 22, 6609–6614Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00360a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00360a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Chemistry and pharmacology of nootropics (1982)

Abstract Nicolaus, B.J.R. : Chemistry and pharmacology of nootropics. Drug Dev. Res. 2: 463–474, 1982. The paper discusses the chemistry and pharmacology of the nootropics, reviewing the new chemical entities to recently emerge and in particular the five‐membered heterocyclic lactams belonging to the pyrrolidinone class, such as piracetam and oxiracetam. These gammalactams are related to the folded conformation of GABA, which seems to play a role in the uptake mechanisms—that is, in the transport of GABA across the membrances into differnt nervous tissue elements. The classification of nootropics is discussed, taking into consideration the six main criteria recently suggested, which are: no direct vasoactivity, no change in basic rhythm of EEG activity, blood brain barrier passage, positive metabolic activity in humans and animals, low incidence of side‐effects, and objective demonstration of clinivicacy. A critical analysis is made of the various pharmacological and biochemical models employed to screen the nootropics, including a new approach based on the impaired learning rate of spontaneously hypertensive rats with cerebrovascular lesions. The activity of the new GABA‐derivative nootropic called oxiracetam is also described and compared with the forerunner of the class, piracetam.
Group Activity Detection from Trajectory and Video Data in Soccer (2020)

Group activity detection in soccer can be done by using either video data or player and ball trajectory data. In current soccer activity datasets, activities are labelled as atomic events without a duration. Given that the state-of-the-art activity detection methods are not well-defined for atomic actions, these methods cannot be used. In this work, we evaluated the effectiveness of activity recognition models for detecting such events, by using an intuitive non-maximum suppression process and evaluation metrics. We also considered the problem of explicitly modeling interactions between players and ball. For this, we propose self-attention models to learn and extract relevant information from a group of soccer players for activity detection from both trajectory and video data. We conducted an extensive study on the use of visual features and trajectory data for group activity detection in sports using a large scale soccer dataset provided by Sportlogiq. Our results show that most events can be detected using either vision or trajectory-based approaches with a temporal resolution of less than 0.5 seconds, and that each approach has unique challenges.
Chlorous acid oxidation of trifluoromethylphenols: cyclopentenolones by benzilic acid ring contraction (1987)

The formation of 2-chloro-2-trifluoromethylcyclopentane-1,3-dione (1) in the chlorous acid oxidation of 2- and 3-trifluoromethylphenol is shown to proceed via decarboxylation of 5-chloro-1-hydroxy-4-oxo-5-trifluoromethylcyclopent-2-enecarboxylic acid (4), an isolable compound.
Electrophoretic Separation of Long Polyelectrolytes in Submolecular-Size Constrictions:  A Monte Carlo Study (2002)

We use a bond-fluctuation Monte Carlo method to study the motion of long polyelectrolytes inside an array of microscopic entropic traps. The molecules are pulled through the array by an electric field and forced into submolecular-size constrictions between the larger trap regions. We numerically solve the Laplace equation inside the structure to obtain realistic field lines for our simulations. We find that the mobility of the molecules increases with molecular size and that the size-separation mechanism relies mainly on the overall deformation of the molecules as they approach the narrow constrictions. We also investigate specific aspects of the separation mechanism, namely the conformational behavior of the molecule, the hernia nucleation process, and the trapping time statistics as a function of molecular size and field strength. Our simulation results for the mobility, the critical hernia nucleation size, the mean trapping time, and the resolution are consistent with the experimental data and model previously published by Han et al.1,2 Finally, we predict that such microfluidic structures could be used to separate topoisomers bearing the same molecular size.
[Physiologic and hygienic problems in improving human life conditions in the North]. (1996)

Industrial and occupational factors can modify natural processes of human adaptation towards environment, lead to strain of human protective mechanisms and increase risk of various diseases. Defined dependence between industrial, environmental factors and pathologic changes in humans is helpful to justify scientific strategy and tactics for health preservation.
Use of CAD/CAM system to fabricate dental prostheses. Part 1: CAD for a clinical crown restoration. (1995)

The development of a computer-aided design system for a clinical crown restoration is reported. Initially, the shape of the standard crown was deformed and adapted on the die depending on the shape of the margin. Then, the measured occlusal record data were taken in the computer graphics, and the adapted crown was adjusted with these data to obtain the centric occlusion. The occlusal data were replaced with data obtained using a functionally generated path record and the occlusal interferences eliminated. The ends of the adapted crown were connected with the margin. Thus, the entire crown was efficiently designed using the computer program developed.
About The Journal (2008)

Theological Librarianship is an open access journal publishing peer-reviewed articles, as well as essays and reviews, on subjects at the intersection of librarianship and religious and theological studies that potentially impact libraries.
Controlling myopia progression in children and adolescents (2015)

Myopia is a common disorder, affecting approximately one-third of the US population and over 90% of the population in some East Asian countries. High amounts of myopia are associated with an increased risk of sight-threatening problems, such as retinal detachment, choroidal degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma. Slowing the progression of myopia could potentially benefit millions of children in the USA. To date, few strategies used for myopia control have proven to be effective. Treatment options such as undercorrection of myopia, gas permeable contact lenses, and bifocal or multifocal spectacles have all been proven to be ineffective for myopia control, although one recent randomized clinical trial using executive top bifocal spectacles on children with progressive myopia has shown to decrease the progression to nearly half of the control subjects. The most effective methods are the use of orthokeratology contact lenses, soft bifocal contact lenses, and topical pharmaceutical agents such as atropine or pirenzepine. Although none of these modalities are US Food and Drug Administration-approved to slow myopia progression, they have been shown to slow the progression by approximately 50% with few risks. Both orthokeratology and soft bifocal contact lenses have shown to slow myopia progression by slightly less than 50% in most studies. Parents and eye care practitioners should work together to determine which modality may be best suited for a particular child. Topical pharmaceutical agents such as anti-muscarinic eye drops typically lead to light sensitivity and poor near vision. The most effective myopia control is provided by atropine, but is rarely prescribed due to the side effects. Pirenzepine provides myopia control with little light sensitivity and few near-vision problems, but it is not yet commercially available as an eye drop or ointment. Several studies have shown that lower concentrations of atropine slow the progression of myopia control with fewer side effects than 1% atropine. While the progression of myopic refractive error is slowed with lower concentration of atropine, the growth of the eye is not, indicating a potentially reversible form of myopia control that may diminish after discontinuation of the eye drops. This review provides an overview of the myopia control information available in the literature and raises questions that remain unanswered, so that eye care practitioners and parents can potentially learn the methods that may ultimately improve a child's quality of life or lower the risk of sight-threatening complications.
Surface defect inspection of spherical objects by the resonant sphere technique (1992)

Ceramic materials, such as silicon nitride and silicon carbide, are important because of their high mechanical strength at high temperature and in nonlubricative environments. The weakness of these materials lies in their brittleness. Stress concentration caused by the existence of surface or subsurface cracks can lead to the total mechanical failure of parts. In this letter, we describe the application of the resonant-sphere technique to perform nondestructive evaluation of ceramic bearing balls. The technique had been shown to be capable of measuring various material properties, such as Vs (shear wave velocity) and ν (Poisson’s ratio). We use phase and amplitude measurements to simplify the evaluation of various resonance quality factors (Q), and we present, for the first time, the use of a resonance technique to propagate and detect surface waves on a sphere. We also show a decrease in Q for surface-wave modes due to the existence of surface cracks.
Robust Adaptive Signal Processors (2003)

Standard open loop linear adaptive signal processing algorithms derived from the least squares minimization criterion require estimates of the N-dimensional input interference and noise statistics. Often, estimated statistics are biased by contaminant data (such as outliers and non-stationary data) that do not fit the dominant distribution, which is often modeled as Gaussian. In particular, convergence of sample covariance matrices used in block processed adaptive algorithms, such as the Sample Matrix Inversion (SMI) algorithm, are known to be affected significantly by outliers, causing undue bias in subsequent adaptive weight vectors. The convergence measure of effectiveness (MOE) of the benchmark SMI algorithm is known to be relatively fast (order K = 2N training samples) and independent of the (effective) rank of the external interference covariance matrix, making it a useful method in practice for non-contaminated data environments. Novel robust adaptive algorithms are introduced here that perform superior to SMI algorithms in contaminated data environments while some retain its valuable convergence independence feature. Convergence performance is shown to be commensurate with SMI in non-contaminated environments as well. The robust algorithms are based on the Gram Schmidt Cascaded Canceller (GSCC) structure where novel building block algorithms are derived for it and analyzed using the theory of Robust Statistics. Coined M – cancellers after M – estimates of Huber, these novel cascaded cancellers combine robustness and statistical estimation efficiency in order to provide good adaptive performance in both contaminated and non-contaminated data environments. Additionally, a hybrid processor is derived by combining the Multistage Wiener Filter (MWF) and Median Cascaded Canceller (MCC) algorithms. Both simulated data and measured Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) airborne radar data are used to show performance enhancements. The STAP application area is described in detail in order to further motivate research into robust adaptive processing.
Deep-Space Optical Communications Downlink Budget: Modulation and Coding (2003)

A link budget for a deep-space optical channel depends in part on the choice of modulation format and error-control coding scheme. This article describes several properties of the channel capacity that lead to an appropriate selection of modulation format, pulse-position modulation (PPM) order, and error-control code rate. It also describes performance limits when additional constraints—such as bounds on average power, peak power, and uncoded symbol-error rate—are imposed. We compare these limits to the performance of Reed–Solomon codes and convolutional codes concatenated with PPM, and show that, when iteratively decoded, the concatenated convolutional codes operate approximately 0.5 dB from capacity over a wide range of signal levels, about 2.5 dB better than Reed–Solomon codes. I.
Technical Note: Viewer Stress from Audio/Visual Sync Problems (1988)

This article discusses the problems related to audio-to-video (A/V) synchronization in television programming and the effects this can have on the home viewer. Several suggestions for improving the technical quality of A/V sync are suggested.
Cerebral asymmetry and hypnosis: A signal-detection analysis of divided visual field stimulation. (1993)

Brightness discriminations in a divided-field paradigm were examined with a signal-detection procedure in three sessions, the second with hypnosis. Practiced, hypnotically susceptible Ss were subdivided into high- (n = 6) and medium- (n = 5) susceptible groups on the basis of a susceptibility scale monitored throughout the hypnosis session. High-susceptible Ss showed increases in d' in the left visual field (right hemisphere) with hypnosis, whereas medium-susceptible Ss showed bilateral enhancements. Beta remained invariant in both groups across three sessions but was higher in the left visual field. The results provide evidence of altered brain function with hypnosis and an association of focal right hemispheric changes with high susceptibility and, through the invariance of beta, fail to support the attribution of perceptual changes to attitudinal, nonstate factors.
In Vitro 24-Hour Time-Kill Studies of Vancomycin and Linezolid in Combination versus Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2009)

Many clinicians are trying unique strategies, including vancomycin and linezolid in combination, for treatment of patients who do not respond to conventional therapy against methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In our study, which illustrated in vitro activity only, no synergistic activity was seen when the two agents were combined. Conversely, antagonistic activity occurred in three of five strains when linezolid was added to vancomycin. Our results indicate that vancomycin and linezolid in combination should be avoided.
Defective Leptin/Leptin Receptor Signaling Improves Regulatory T Cell Immune Response and Protects Mice From Atherosclerosis (2007)

Objective— Obesity is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the precise molecular pathways responsible for this close association remain poorly understood. Methods and Results— In this study, we report that leptin-deficiency ( ob/ob ) in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout ( ldlr −/− ) mice induces an unexpected 2.2- to 6-fold reduction in atherosclerotic lesion development, compared with ldlr −/− mice having similar total cholesterol levels. Ldlr −/− / ob/ob mice show reduced T cell helper type 1 (Th1) response, enhanced expression of Foxp3 , the specification transcription factor of regulatory T (Treg) cells, and improved Treg cell function. Leptin receptor-deficient ( db/db ) mice display marked increase in the number and suppressive function of Treg cells. Supplementation of Treg-deficient lymphocytes with Treg cells from db/db mice in an experimental model of atherosclerosis induces a significant reduction of lesion size and a marked inhibition of interferon (INF)-γ production, compared with supplementation by Treg cells from wild-type mice. Conclusions— These results identify a critical role for leptin/leptin receptor pathway in the modulation of the regulatory immune response in atherosclerosis, and suggest that alteration in regulatory immunity may predispose obese individuals to atherosclerosis.
Predicting response in mobile advertising with hierarchical importance-aware factorization machine (2014)

Mobile advertising has recently seen dramatic growth, fueled by the global proliferation of mobile phones and devices. The task of predicting ad response is thus crucial for maximizing business revenue. However, ad response data change dynamically over time, and are subject to cold-start situations in which limited history hinders reliable prediction. There is also a need for a robust regression estimation for high prediction accuracy, and good ranking to distinguish the impacts of different ads. To this end, we develop a Hierarchical Importance-aware Factorization Machine (HIFM), which provides an effective generic latent factor framework that incorporates importance weights and hierarchical learning. Comprehensive empirical studies on a real-world mobile advertising dataset show that HIFM outperforms the contemporary temporal latent factor models. The results also demonstrate the efficacy of the HIFM's importance-aware and hierarchical learning in improving the overall prediction and prediction in cold-start scenarios, respectively.
Breeding behavior and reproductive success of Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus on farmland in central Japan (2007)

Certain lapwing species (Vanellus spp.) breed in agricultural habitats, where they are dependent on particular features of such artificial conditions. The breeding behavior and breeding success of the Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus were examined on farmland in central Japan. Thirty-five pairs in 2004 and 42 pairs in 2005 were observed nesting on farmland consisting mainly of rice fields. Nests appeared to be distributed such that aggregations seemed to function as semi-colonies. Farming practices seriously affected breeding success: 33 (42.9%) breeding attempts were prevented during farming cultivation and flooding in spring. In 2004, only 16 (45.7%) pairs produced fledglings, and in 2005 only 14 (33.3%) pairs were successful. Territory size was also a factor affecting breeding success; territory area was positively correlated with the number of fledglings produced per nest. Grey-headed Lapwing parents intensively defended their nests and chicks; furthermore, group defense by multiple adults was also observed frequently. Defensive behavior was mainly directed against avian predators such as crows (Corvus spp.) and raptors, with group defense more frequently against raptors. Group defense was also more likely to occur where nests were close together, and it seemed that such defense was effective in increasing the number of chicks hatched. The breeding success of Grey-headed Lapwing was found to be influenced both by environmental and behavioral factors.