gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Edema of the Spinal Cord in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis. (1966)

The hyperacute form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis produced inflammatory edema of the CNS, with 3-18% swelling of the cord but not of the brain; the magnitude of change paralleled the severity of disease. Overhydration (water intoxication) caused 6-7% swelling of the spinal cord, and changes of similar degree occurred in the brain. The combination of overhydration and inflammatory edema had an additive effect on water content of the spinal cord.
Scaling the hill of vision: the physiological relationship between light sensitivity and ganglion cell numbers. (2000)

The number of underlying ganglion cells, adjusted for local spatial summation, is better reflected by the DLS scale of 1/L than by dB. If spatial summation is unchanged in glaucoma, this scale more accurately reflects the amount of neuronal damage.
Differentiation of cucumber mosaic virus isolates using the polymerase chain reaction (1992)

A procedure based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed to classify cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) isolates accurately into two subgroups. Two CMV-specific primers that flank the CMV capsid protein gene were used to amplify a DNA fragment of approximately 870 bp. Restriction enzyme analysis of this fragment produces distinct restriction patterns that assign the CMV isolate into one of two subgroups. These two restriction groups correlate with the previously established CMV subgroupings; this PCR-based method may provide a simple alternative to the serological assays used for typing CMV isolates.
A low temperature molten salt process for aluminothermic reduction of silicon oxides to crystalline Si for Li-ion batteries (2015)

A molten salt system is developed for low-temperature metallothermic reduction of various silicates or silica to crystalline Si nanoparticles as high-performance anode materials.
Modified Neighbour Coverage BasedProbabilistic Rebroadcast in MANET (2014)

Mobile ad hoc networks involve several mobile nodes which are self configuring. Due to rapid movement of the nodes link breakages occur, which lead to the rebroadcast of a request. To optimize the broadcasting, the number of rebroadcasts should be limited. To reduce the routing overhead we describe a method in which neighbour knowledge and rebroadcast probability are used for rebroadcasting a request. In this paper we propose a scheme to enhance the existing neighborhood coverage based probabilistic rebroadcast using the technique of particle swarm optimization.
Oestrogens ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (2010)

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, the most frequent mitochondrial disease due to mitochondrial DNA point mutations in complex I, is characterized by the selective degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, leading to optic atrophy and loss of central vision prevalently in young males. The current study investigated the reasons for the higher prevalence of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy in males, exploring the potential compensatory effects of oestrogens on mutant cell metabolism. Control and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy osteosarcoma-derived cybrids (11778/ND4, 3460/ND1 and 14484/ND6) were grown in glucose or glucose-free, galactose-supplemented medium. After having shown the nuclear and mitochondrial localization of oestrogen receptors in cybrids, experiments were carried out by adding 100 nM of 17β-oestradiol. In a set of experiments, cells were pre-incubated with the oestrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182780. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy cybrids in galactose medium presented overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which led to decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, increased apoptotic rate, loss of cell viability and hyper-fragmented mitochondrial morphology compared with control cybrids. Treatment with 17β-oestradiol significantly rescued these pathological features and led to the activation of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2. In addition, 17β-oestradiol induced a general activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and a small although significant improvement in energetic competence. All these effects were oestrogen receptor mediated. Finally, we showed that the oestrogen receptor β localizes to the mitochondrial network of human retinal ganglion cells. Our results strongly support a metabolic basis for the unexplained male prevalence in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and hold promises for a therapeutic use for oestrogen-like molecules.
Sequence Databases and Their Uses – The Mother Lode (1997)

We now turn to the dominant, most mature and most successful application of string algorithms in computational biology: the building and searching of databases holding molecular sequence data. We start by illustrating some uses of sequence databases and by describing a bit about existing databases. The impact of database searching (and expectations of greater future impact), explains a large part of the interest among biologists for algorithms that search, manipulate and compare strings. In turn, the biologists' activities have stimulated additional interest in string algorithms among computer scientists.
RETRACTED: Triplex-forming oligonucleotide–orthophenanthroline conjugates for efficient targeted genome modification (2008)

The inefficiency of gene modification by homologous recombination can be overcome by the introduction of a double-strand break (DSB) in the target. Engineering the endonucleases needed, however, remains a challenging task that limits widespread application of nuclease-driven gene modification. We report here that conjugates of orthophenanthroline (OP), a DNA cleaving molecule, and triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs), known to bind specific DNA sequences, are synthetic nucleases efficient at stimulating targeted genome modification. We show that in cultured cells, OP-TFO conjugates induce targeted DSBs. An OP-TFO with a unique target was highly efficient, and mutations at the target site were found in approximately 10% of treated cells, including small deletions most likely introduced during DSB repair by nonhomologous end joining. Importantly, we found that when homologous donor DNA was cotransfected, targeted gene modification took place in >1.5% of treated cells. Because triplex-forming sequences are frequent in human and mouse genes, OP-TFO conjugates therefore constitute an important class of site-specific nucleases for targeted gene modification. Harnessing DNA-damaging molecules to predetermined genomic sites, as achieved here, should also provide inroads into mechanisms of DNA repair and cancer.
On the conversion of indirect to direct recursion (1993)

Procedure inlining can be used to convert mutual recursion to direct recursion. This allows use of optimization techniques that are most easily applied to directly recursive procedures, in addition to the well-known benefits of inlining. We present tight (necessary and sufficient) conditions under which inlining can transform all mutual recursion to direct recursion, and those under which heuristics to eliminate mutual recursion always terminate. We also present a technique to eliminate mutually recursive circuits that consist of only tail calls. From this, we conclude that tail recursion elimination should be interleaved with inlining.
OOV Translation Mining from Mixed-Language Snippets from a Search Engine (2008)

In this paper, we describe an approach to OOV translation mining based on web search. Without comparable corpus or parallel corpus, we first expand the Chinese OOV phrase with English segments by a C-E dictionary. Then the OOV and the expansion will be submitted to the web search engine. From the snippets we can mine the translation of the OOV. Experiment shows that the algorithm is simple and the approach is feasible.
Gradient estimation for stochastic optimization of optical code-division multiple-access systems .I. Generalized sensitivity analysis (1997)

For optimizing the performance of optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems, there is a need for determining the sensitivity of the bit-error rate (BER) of the system to various system parameters. Asymptotic approximations and bounds, used for system bit-error probabilities, seldom capture the sensitivities of the system performance. We develop single-run gradient estimation methods for such optical CDMA systems using a discrete-event dynamic systems (DEDS) approach. Specifically, computer-aided techniques such as infinitesimal perturbation analysis (IPA) and likelihood ratio (LR) methods are used for analyzing the sensitivity of the average BER to a wide class of system parameters. It is shown that the above formulation is equally applicable to time-encoded and frequency-encoded systems. Further, the estimates derived are unbiased, and also optimality of the variance of these estimates is shown via the theory of common random variates and importance sampling techniques.
<i>Propionibacterium acnes</i>: infection beyond the skin (2011)

Propionibacterium acnes is a Gram-positive bacterium that forms part of the normal flora of the skin, oral cavity, large intestine, the conjunctiva and the external ear canal. Although primarily recognized for its role in acne, P. acnes is an opportunistic pathogen, causing a range of postoperative and device-related infections. These include infections of the bones and joints, mouth, eye and brain. Device-related infections include those of joint prostheses, shunts and prosthetic heart valves. P. acnes may play a role in other conditions, including inflammation of the prostate leading to cancer, SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis) syndrome, sarcoidosis and sciatica. If an active role in these conditions is established there are major implications for diagnosis, treatment and protection. Genome sequencing of the organism has provided an insight into the pathogenic potential and virulence of P. acnes.
Comparative Genomics of Transcriptional Control in the Human Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2004)

The life cycle of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, responsible for the most deadly form of human malaria, requires specialized protein expression for survival in the mammalian host and insect vector. To identify components of processes controlling gene expression during its life cycle, the malarial genome--along with seven crown eukaryote group genomes--was queried with a reference set of transcription-associated proteins (TAPs). Following clustering on the basis of sequence similarity of the TAPs with their homologs, and together with hidden Markov model profile searches, 156 P. falciparum TAPs were identified. This represents about a third of the number of TAPs usually found in the genome of a free-living eukaryote. Furthermore, the P. falciparum genome appears to contain a low number of sequences, which are highly conserved and abundant within the kingdoms of free-living eukaryotes, that contribute to gene-specific transcriptional regulation. However, in comparison with these other eukaryotic genomes, the CCCH-type zinc finger (common in proteins modulating mRNA decay and translation rates) was found to be the most abundant in the P. falciparum genome. This observation, together with the paucity of malarial transcriptional regulators identified, suggests Plasmodium protein levels are primarily determined by posttranscriptional mechanisms.
Improved Process for Producing Well-Adhered/Abrasion-Resistant Optical Coatings on an Optical Plastic Substrate (1994)

Abstract A well-adhered and abrasion-resistant coating on a typical optical substrate [polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)] can be achieved by polymerizing organosilane in a low-temperature polymerization process. The substrate surface can be initially modified with hydrophilic functionalities in a radio-frequency plasma of argon/water vapor mixture in the pressure range 0.05-0.15 mbar to attach hydroxyl functionalities covalently to the substrate surface, which act as “anchorage sites” for polymerizing organosilane. This modified surface is then coated with polyvinyltrimethoxysilane at a power loading in the 20-60 W range and a flow rate of monomer in the 0.7-2.0 cm3-min−1 range. The polymeric films deposited in this manner on PMMA substrates consistently passed adhesion and abrasive tests even after prolonged storage and thermal cycling in boiling water for at least 10 minutes as exposure to extreme differential thermal expansion conditions. The posttreatment of deposited films with plasmas of inert gases for stress relief had an insignificant effect on peel-off tests and, therefore, it was believed to be not as important as surface modification prior to coatings. The optical properties are essentially not affected by the organosilane coatings irrespective of film thickness, and the coated substrates are virtually transparent above 400 nm.
Current role of dexmedetomidine in clinical anesthesia and intensive care (2011)

Dexmedetomidine is a new generation highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist that is associated with sedative and analgesic sparing effects, reduced delirium and agitation, perioperative sympatholysis, cardiovascular stabilizing effects, and preservation of respiratory function. The aim of this review is to present the most recent topics regarding the advantages in using dexmedetomidine in clinical anesthesia and intensive care, while discussing the controversial issues of its harmful effects.
cFos immunoreactivity is enhanced with biotin amplification. (1994)

Through modification of the protocol by Adams, we developed a biotin amplification procedure for immunofluorescence staining of immediate early gene proteins and also applied biotin amplification for metal enhancement of diaminobenzidine staining in an immunoperoxidase protocol. Commercially available anti-cFos antisera were used to compare conventional "Elite" avidin-biotin complex reactions with biotin amplification reactions (visualized with peroxidase staining or streptavidin-Texas Red fluorescence). Biotin amplification and peroxidase staining (with or without nickel salts) enabled detection of cFos in stimulated neurons with primary antibody concentrations five- to tenfold lower than the conventional procedure. With immunofluorescence staining, at primary antibody concentrations too low to detect cFos with the conventional biotin-streptavidin fluorescence staining protocol, biotin amplification enabled clear cFos fluorescence staining with both antisera. The fluorescence staining exhibited a high signal-to-noise ratio and enabled antibody concentrations four times lower than those used for conventional ABC "Elite" peroxidase procedures. In conclusion, the application of biotin amplification to cFos immunocytochemical localization has the promise of aiding the scientist in detecting these immediate early gene products.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Ufm1 Conjugation System in Response to Disturbance of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis and Inhibition of Vesicle Trafficking (2012)

Homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is essential for normal cellular functions. Disturbance of this homeostasis causes ER stress and activates the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). The Ufm1 conjugation system is a novel Ubiquitin-like (Ubl) system whose physiological target(s) and biological functions remain largely undefined. Genetic study has demonstrated that the Ufm1-activating enzyme Uba5 is indispensible for erythroid differentiation in mice, highlighting the importance of this novel system in animal development. In this report we present the evidence for involvement of RCAD/Ufl1, a putative Ufm1-specific E3 ligase, and its binding partner C53/LZAP protein in ufmylation of endogenous Ufm1 targets. Moreover, we found that the Ufm1 system was transcriptionally up-regulated by disturbance of the ER homeostasis and inhibition of vesicle trafficking. Using luciferase reporter and ChIP assays, we dissected the Ufm1 promoter and found that Ufm1 was a potential target of Xbp-1, one of crucial transcription factors in UPR. We further examined the effect of Xbp-1 deficiency on the expression of the Ufm1 components. Interestingly, the expression of Ufm1, Uba5, RCAD/Ufl1 and C53/LZAP in wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) was significantly induced by inhibition of vesicle trafficking, but the induction was negated by Xbp-1 deficiency. Finally, we found that knockdown of the Ufm1 system in U2OS cells triggered UPR and amplification of the ER network. Taken together, our study provided critical insight into the regulatory mechanism of the Ufm1 system and established a direct link between this novel Ubl system and the ER network.
Determination of Hexazinone in Groundwater by Direct-Injection High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1999)

Hexazinone has been detected at levels ranging from 0.2 to 50 micrograms/L in many groundwater samples from eastern Maine over the past decade. A rapid and inexpensive direct-injection high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed to monitor contamination levels of the herbicide. The method is sensitive (limit of quantitation = 0.33 microgram/L) and is linear to 33.0 micrograms/L (R2 = 0.9995). Direct injection results from 50 field samples compared well (R2 = 0.98) with an HPLC method using solid-phase extraction for concentration and cleanup. The technique is very reproducible (coefficients of variation of 0-8.4% within day and 3.0-13.2% between day) and eliminates loss of analyte because of fewer steps in the procedure.
A single inductor approach to the design of low-voltage CMOS MB-OFDM UWB frequency synthesizer (2012)

This paper presents the design of a low-voltage frequency synthesizer for Mode-1 MB-OFDM UWB applications. The proposed approach features a new system architecture and circuit implementation with reduced number of on-chip inductors, silicon area and power consumption. The synthesizer is fabricated in a 0.18-µm RF CMOS process, with the measured phase noise level of −119.4 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset from carrier (4.488 GHz) and sideband suppression of better than 43.7dBc. This chip occupies a core area of 1.2 × 0.35 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 29.6 mW from a 1.2V power supply.
Dynamic nuclear polarization NMR spectroscopy for the characterization of material surfaces (2011)

International audience
Pressure Sensitivity of a Fiber-Optic Microprobe for High-Frequency Ultrasonic Field (1999)

An acoustic microprobe is required to measure high-frequency ultrasonic fields with good spatial resolution. An optical fiber microprobe was proposed in our previous study, which consists of a small optical cavity 100 µm long made at the end of the fiber. The optical path length of the cavity is changed by the applied acoustic field, and the modulation of output light intensity is monitored at the other end of the fiber to derive information of the acoustic field. In the present study, the pressure sensitivity of the fiber-optic microprobe is discussed theoretically and experimentally. Mechanical deformation of the optical cavity by acoustic pressure is calculated by the finite element method (FEM), and the effect of the deformation on the optical property is analyzed for a low finesse microcavity.
Pore structure and properties of poly(ether ether ketone) hollow fiber membranes: influence of solvent‐induced crystallization during extraction (2019)

Abstract Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) hollow fiber membranes were prepared by a thermally induced phase separation method with polyetherimide as diluent, and N ‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), dichloromethane and a composite extractant composed of NMP, ethanolamine and water as extractant. The effects of the different solvents induced crystallization on the pore structure during extraction and the properties of the PEEK hollow fiber membranes were investigated in detail. The crystallization behaviors of the membranes were characterized by DSC and XRD. The effect of the extractants on the microscopic morphologies, pore structures, water fluxes and mechanical properties of the membranes were investigated. The results showed that the extraction ability of the composite extractant was the most significant, followed by NMP and dichloromethane. The crystallinity of the hollow fiber was 39.0% before extraction and was elevated to 39.2% after the extraction with NMP, 46.6% with dichloromethane and 46.7% with the composite extractant, which shows that dichloromethane and the composite extractant have strong ability to induce the crystallization of PEEK. The inner and outer surfaces of the membranes obtained after extraction by the composite extractant had the largest pore size and the highest surface porosity. The most probable pore diameter of the membranes obtained after extraction by NMP, dichloromethane and the composite extractant was 23.26 nm, 24.43 nm and 24.43 nm, respectively, which indicated that solvent‐induced crystallization was beneficial for the formation of larger pores. The pure water flux of the PEEK membrane prepared by the composite extractant was the largest, but the tensile strength was the lowest. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Normal stress and viscosity measurements for polymer solutions in steady cone‐and‐plate shear (1965)

Abstract Normal stress and viscometric measurements were made on nine polymer solutions with cone‐and‐plate instruments. Temperature, concentration, molecular weight, and chemical structure were varied. Zero‐shear viscosities, obtained by extrapolation of falling‐sphere data, ranged from 0.7 to 380 poise. A brief description is given of a normal stress‐measurement apparatus, incorporating fast‐response strain gauge pressure transducers. Measurements were made at shear rates between 5 and 2,800 sec. −1 , sometimes necessitating a considerable correction for inertial forces. Non‐Newtonian viscosity, normal stress, recoverable shear strain, and elastic modulus are presented in terms of modified Ferry reduced variables.
Refractive Index Dispersion in Equine Hemoglobin Solutions<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRefractive Index Dispersion in Equine Hemoglobin Solutions1W. H. Orttung and J. WarnerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1965, 69, 9, 3188–3190Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/j100893a513Request reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (330 KB) Get e-Alerts