gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testing strains of Clostridium perfringens type A isolated from diarrhoeic piglets for the presence of the enterotoxin gene. (1990)

A diarrhoeic syndrome in piglets has been linked to Clostridium perfringens type A because this organism has been isolated in large numbers from all cases. The strains isolated from these cases and strains isolated from healthy piglets were screened for the enterotoxin gene of C perfringens by DNA-hybridisation. Using two different synthetic DNA-probes, none of the strains isolated from diseased pigs was positive in this reaction, indicating that the enterotoxin of C perfringens is not involved in the syndrome.
Microfluidics and Nanofluidics Handbook (2011)

The Microfluidics and Nanofluidics Handbook: Two-Volume Set comprehensively captures the cross-disciplinary breadth of the fields of micro- and nanofluidics, which encompass the biological sciences, chemistry, physics and engineering applications. To fill the knowledge gap between engineering and the basic sciences, the editors pulled together key
A Novel EMI Filter Design Method for Switching Power Supplies (2004)

This work introduces an improved and simplified method to design electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters for both dc-dc and ac-dc switching power supplies. This method uses the practical approach of measuring the power supply noise spectrum and using the data to calculate the maximum possible magnitude and minimum possible magnitude of the differential mode and common mode noise impedances. The noise impedance magnitude information aids the design of the EMI filter. Phase information for the noise impedance is not required. In addition, information about the topology and control method of the power supply is not needed. This method solves the limitations of existing EMI filter design methods, which are either too complicated to use, or are based on ideal cases that neglect the noise impedance. The analysis and experimental results show that this method can guarantee that the required attenuation can be achieved, especially at low frequencies.
Preclinical Screening for New Anticancer Agents (2004)

Cancer chemotherapy is a rather young discipline. It has been pursued with scientific vigor and multinational collaborations only since the mid-20th century. Although 92 approved anticancer drugs are available today for the treatment of more than 200 different tumor entities, effective therapies for most of these tumors are lacking (1). Out of the 92 registered drugs, 17 are considered by oncologists to be more broadly applicable and 12 additional agents are perceived as having certain advantages in some clinical settings (2). They are mostly cytotoxic in nature and act by a very limited number of molecular mechanisms. Thus, the need for novel drugs to treat malignant disease requiring systemic therapy is still pressing. Public institutions, the pharmaceutical industry, and, more recently, small business and biotech companies create hundreds of thousands of compounds with potential anticancer activity. Only a certain number of drugs and concepts, however, can be evaluated clinically because of cost and ethical considerations. A preselection, called the screening process, is therefore required. The aim of screening efforts is to identify products that will produce antitumor effects matching the activity criteria used to define which compounds can progress to the next stage in the preclinical development program. Anticancer drug screening can be performed using various types of in vitro and in vivo tumor models. The ideal screening system, however, should combine speed, simplicity, and low costs with optimal predictability of pharmacodynamic activity.
Prevention and management of venous thrombosis (1994)

Over the last 25 years, considerable progress has been made in the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of venous thromboembolism. The epidemiology of the disease has been investigated, defining patient groups at risk. Safe and effective methods of venous thrombosis prophylaxis have been evaluated in a wide range of patient populations, and recommendations for their application have been widely disseminated. Non-invasive techniques for the diagnosis of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism have been developed, and their capabilities and limitations have been defined. Guidelines for existing therapy have been refined, and new therapeutic agents have been introduced into clinical practice. A brief review of these is presented.
Voltage-Dependent Gating of Ionic Channels (1994)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
Advanced Conditional Access System for Digital Broadcasting Receivers Using Metadata (2007)

This paper presents an advanced conditional access system (CAS) for digital broadcasting receivers using program-related information called metadata. Digital broadcasting receivers using metadata (DBRM) provide services enhanced by using metadata and content stored in receivers, but it is so easy to edit stored content by using metadata that broadcasters require a content usage control mechanism for DBRM. The advanced CAS provides a secure environment for content and metadata in digital broadcasting receivers by preventing tampering and ensuring that only metadata certified by the broadcaster can be used. To evaluate the advanced CAS, we also developed a smart card and a prototype receiver on a PC. We have demonstrated in an implementation experiment that the advanced CAS can be implemented securely and utilized in broadcasting services using DBRM.
Occupational Burnout and Retention of Air Force Distributed Common Ground System (DCGS) Intelligence Personnel (2012)

Abstract : This dissertation sought to answer two policy questions for Air Force leadership and mental health providers. First: is there sufficient reason to be concerned about occupational burnout among DCGS intelligence personnel? Second: to the extent that these issues exist, what can be done to mitigate occupational burnout and attrition of DCGS intelligence personnel?
Citric Acid Interference in Estimation of Reducing Sugars with Alkaline Copper Reagents (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCitric Acid Interference in Estimation of Reducing Sugars with Alkaline Copper ReagentsL. G. PalegCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 11, 1902–1904Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60155a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60155a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi-Tape Two-Level Morphology: A Case Study in Semitic Non-linear Morphology (1994)

This paper presents an implemented multi-tape two-level model capable of describing Semitic non-linear morphology. The computational framework behind the current work is motivated by Kay (1987); the formalism presented here is an extension to the formalism reported by Pulman and Hepple (1993). The objectives of the current work are: to stay as close as possible, in spirit, to standard two-level morphology, to stay close to the linguistic description of Semitic stems, and to present a model which can be used with ease by the Semitist. The paper illustrates that if finite-state transducers (FSTs) in a standard two-level morphology model are replaced with multi-tape auxiliary versions (AFSTs), one can account for Semitic root-and-pattern morphology using high level notation.
Design and development of Anti-XSS proxy (2013)

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability allows an attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript code that can be executed in the victim's browser and cause security breaches. The discovery of XSS is still widespread among today's web applications. As a result, there is a need to improve existing solutions or develop novel attack detection techniques. This paper proposes a proxy-level design and development of XSS attack detection approach (Anti-XSS) based on Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD) measure. The proposed approach has been applied for a number of open-source PHP web applications containing XSS vulnerabilities. The initial results show that the approach can effectively detect XSS attacks while displaying a low false positive rate depending on the choice of threshold values of KLD.
Mannan-binding protein levels in human amniotic fluid during gestation and its interaction with collectin receptor from amnion cells. (1994)

Collectins are a group of soluble proteins, each of which has collagenous and non-collagenous globular domains, and may be complement associated and/or have lectin activity. The complement protein C1q is structurally and functionally related to the collectins. Members of the collectin family are mannan-binding protein (MBP), lung surfactant protein A, CL-43, conglutinin and lung surfactant protein D. All except the last of these proteins have been shown to interact with a single, widely distributed receptor, named collectin receptor (also called C1q receptor). It has been proposed that collectins play an important role as opsonins in innate immunity. MBP is a serum protein and has been shown to activate the classical complement pathway. MBP has also been shown to opsonize bacteria and enhance clearance of bacteria by phagocytosis. In this article we demonstrate the presence of MBP in amniotic fluid and the localization of collectin receptor on the surface of amniotic epithelium. MBP levels in amniotic fluid were found to increase sharply from about 32 weeks of gestation. Collectin receptor was purified from a cell line, FL, derived from amniotic epithelium and was shown to interact with MBP. These results suggest that MBP may play a role in the antibody-independent recognition and clearance of pathogens in the amniotic cavity, towards term.
Rippling ultrafast dynamics of suspended 2D monolayers, graphene (2016)

Here, using ultrafast electron crystallography (UEC), we report the observation of rippling dynamics in suspended monolayer graphene, the prototypical and most-studied 2D material. The high scattering cross-section for electron/matter interaction, the atomic-scale spatial resolution, and the ultrafast temporal resolution of UEC represent the key elements that make this technique a unique tool for the dynamic investigation of 2D materials, and nanostructures in general. We find that, at early time after the ultrafast optical excitation, graphene undergoes a lattice expansion on a time scale of 5 ps, which is due to the excitation of short-wavelength in-plane acoustic phonon modes that stretch the graphene plane. On a longer time scale, a slower thermal contraction with a time constant of 50 ps is observed and associated with the excitation of out-of-plane phonon modes, which drive the lattice toward thermal equilibrium with the well-known negative thermal expansion coefficient of graphene. From our results and first-principles lattice dynamics and out-of-equilibrium relaxation calculations, we quantitatively elucidate the deformation dynamics of the graphene unit cell.
On Piero Sraffa’s Contributions to Economics (1993)

Piero Sraffa has always found writing difficult — indeed, the introductions to the great edition of Ricardo’s works and correspondence were finally written only because Maurice Dobb collaborated with Sraffa. They discussed each paragraph, Dobb wrote it, Sraffa corrected the draft until it was to his liking, and then they went on to talk about the next paragraph (see Eatwell, 1979, pp. 143–4). The core of Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities (1960) was written in the late 1920s, ‘particular points … were worked out in the thirties and forties’, and it was only when Sraffa put the ‘old notes’ together in the second half of the 1950s that he filled in the ‘gaps which had become apparent in the process’ (Sraffa, 1960, p. vi). I recently asked him whether the conjecture of Peter Sallans (see Harcourt, 1982, pp. 271–2, n. 7) was correct, to wit, that it was Hume’s Abstract, which Keynes and Sraffa edited together in the 1930s (see Hume, 1938) that led him to write Production of Commodities in such a sparse, stark manner. He answered that it was because he disliked writing so much that he wrote Production of Commodities in as few words as possible. Of course, his reply was partly a joke, a tease. As Krishna Bharadwaj reminds me (letter of 1 January 1982), Sraffa ‘could compose prose quite easily [and] could draft letters in no time’. It was with the final product, which had to meet the extraordinarily high standards which he set himself, his ‘insistence on perfection’, that the ‘difficulty’ partly lay.
A Brief History and Analysis of the Extra-Label Drug Use Controversy (1984)

On January 13, 1984, Dr. Lester M. Crawford, Director of the FDA's Bureau of Veterinary Medicine (BVM), notified the AVMA that the agency agrees with the AVMA's recommendations for an enforcement policy regarding the use of drugs in food-producing animals. BVM responded quickly to recommendations that had been adopted by AVMA's Board of Governors on January 5. The AVMA recommendation was accepted without modification.
Thiocyanate is the major substrate for eosinophil peroxidase in physiologic fluids. Implications for cytotoxicity. (1991)

The potent cytotoxic capacity of eosinophils for parasites and host tissue has in part been attributed to the catalytic action of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), which preferentially oxidizes Br- to the powerful bleaching oxidant HOBr in buffers that mimic serum halide composition (100 mM Cl-, 20-100 microM Br-, less than 1 microM I-). However, serum also contains 20-120 microM SCN-, a pseudohalide whose peroxidative product, HOSCN, is a weak, primarily sulfhydryl-reactive oxidant. Because of its relative abundance and high oxidation potential, we hypothesized that SCN-, not Br- or I-, is the major substrate for EPO in physiologic fluids. We find that in Earle's buffer (100 mM Cl-) supplemented with 100 microM Br- and varying concentrations of SCN-, HOBr production by activated eosinophils and purified EPO, assayed by conversion of fluorescein to dibromofluorescein, was 50% inhibited (ID50) by only 1 microM SCN-. SCN- also blocked (ID50 10 microM) EPO oxidation of I- to HOI, assayed as iodofluorescein, despite the presence of 100 microM (i.e. grossly supraphysiologic) I-. Thionitrobenzoic acid oxidation kinetics indicate that SCN- is the initial species oxidized by EPO in equimolar mixtures of SCN- and Br- and in human serum. EPO also catalyzed the covalent incorporation of [14C]SCN- into proteins in buffers regardless of Br- concentration and in human serum. Comparing the cytotoxicity of HOSCN and HOBr for host cells, we find that even subphysiologic concentrations of SCN- (3.3-10 microM) nearly completely abrogate the potent Br(-)-dependent toxicity of EPO for 51Cr-labeled aortic endothelial cells and isolated working rat hearts, recently developed models of eosinophilic endocarditis. Thus, HOSCN, hitherto best known as a bacteriostatic agent in saliva and milk, is likely also the major oxidant produced by EPO in physiologic fluids, and the presence of SCN- averts damage to EPO-coated host tissues that might otherwise accrue as a result of HOBr generation. In view of these findings, the potential role of HOSCN in eosinophil killing of parasitic pathogens deserves close examination.
STAT3 repressed USP7 expression is crucial for colon cancer development (2012)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced STAT3 activation is viewed as crucial for multiple tumor growth and metastasis, including colon cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that expression of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7), a deubiquitylating enzyme, is decreased in STAT3-positive tumors. IL-6 administration or transfection of a constitutively activated STAT3 in SW480 cells also repressed USP mRNA expression. Using luciferase reporter and ChIP assay, we found that STAT3 bound to the promoter region of USP7 and inhibited its activity through recruiting HDAC1. As a result of the decline of USP7 expression, endogenous P53 protein level was decreased. Thus, our results suggest a previously unknown STAT3-USP7-P53 molecular network controlling colon cancer development.
Skin cancer chemopreventive agent,  -santalol, induces apoptotic death of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells via caspase activation together with dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release (2004)

alpha-Santalol, an active component of sandalwood oil, has been studied in detail in recent years for its skin cancer preventive efficacy in murine models of skin carcinogenesis; however, the mechanism of its efficacy is not defined. Two major biological events responsible for the clonal expansion of transformed/initiated cells into tumors are uncontrolled growth and loss of apoptotic death. Accordingly, in the present study, employing human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells, we assessed whether alpha-santalol causes cell growth inhibition and/or cell death by apoptosis. Treatment of cells with alpha-santalol at concentrations of 25-75 microM resulted in a concentration- and a time-dependent decrease in cell number, which was largely due to cell death. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) stained cells revealed that alpha-santalol induces a strong apoptosis as early as 3 h post-treatment, which increases further in a concentration- and a time-dependent manner up to 12 h. Mechanistic studies showed an involvement of caspase-3 activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage through activation of upstream caspase-8 and -9. Further, the treatment of cells with alpha-santalol also led to disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release into the cytosol, thereby implicating the involvement of the mitochondrial pathway. Pre-treatment of cells with caspase-8 or -9 inhibitor, pan caspase inhibitor or cycloheximide totally blocked alpha-santalol-caused caspase-3 activity and cleavage, but only partially reversed apoptotic cell death. This suggests involvement of both caspase-dependent and -independent pathways, at least under caspase inhibiting conditions, in alpha-santalol-caused apoptosis. Together, this study for the first time identifies the apoptotic effect of alpha-santalol, and defines the mechanism of apoptotic cascade activated by this agent in A431 cells, which might be contributing to its overall cancer preventive efficacy in mouse skin cancer models.
EFFICIENT TECHNIQUE FOR THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL INVERSE PROBLEM OF HEAT CONDUCTION (1981)

A very efficient numerical technique has been developed to solve the one-dimensional Inverse problem of heat conduction. The Gauss elimination algorithm for solving the tridiagonal system of linear algebraic equations associated with most implicit heat conduction codes is specialized to the inverse problem. When compared to the corresponding direct problem, the upper limit in additional computation time generally does not exceed 27-36%. The technique can be adapted to existing one-dimensional implicit heat conduction codes with minimal effort and applied to difference equations obtained from finite-difference, finite-element, finite control volume, or similar techniques, provided the difference equations are tridiagonal in form. It is also applicable to the nonlinear case in- which thermal properties are temperature-dependent and is valid for one-dimensional radial cylindrical and spherical geometries as well as composite bodies. The calculations reported here were done by modifying a one-dimensional implicit (direct) heat conduction code. Program changes consisted of 13 additional lines of FORTRAN coding.
Chain Coding and Pre Processing Stages of Handwritten Character Image File (2010)

In this paper detailed descriptions of the algorithms used in the pre-processing and feature extraction phases of an offline handwritten character are discussed. In classifying handwritten characters, the stages prior to the classification phase play a role as major as the classification itself. There are many pre-processing functions and methods that can be used and different research works will use different methods. This paper discusses in detail some of the algorithms used in the pre-processing stages of an offline handwritten character image file. This paper serves as part of the whole research work that aims at recognizing handwritten characters. The whole research presents a hybrid approach of HMM and Fuzzy Logic in the field of handwritten character recognition. Fuzzy Logic is used in the classification phase while HMM is used in the process of extracting features for the preparation of linguistic variables of the fuzzy rules. However, only the preprocessing stages as employed by the research are described here. The pre-processing phase starts from reading in the input file, the process of binarization, reference line estimation and thinning of the character image for further use in the next stage of the feature extraction and recognition process. Each of the pre-processing stages and the chain coding process will be described in detail giving improvised algorithms, and examples of the processes on existing samples from the database shown. Where comparing experiments with other methods is done, the experimental results are given.
Pilot study on the clinical effects of dietary supplementation With Enzogenol®, a flavonoid extract of pine bark and vitamin C (2003)

Flavonoids are naturally occurring plant compounds with established in vitro antioxidant properties and potential cardioprotective effects. We carried out a 12-week pilot study on the effects of dietary supplementation with an extract of bioflavonoids prepared from the bark of Pinus radiata trees [Enzogenol] containing added vitamin C. Data was collected from 24 healthy subjects aged between 55-75 years at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks and included, routine biochemical and haematological indices, and anthropometric, blood pressure, forearm blood flow and haemorheological measurements. Enzogenol supplementation at a dosage of 480 mg/day of pine bark extract and 240 mg/day vitamin C did not result in changes in any biochemical or haematological indice and was associated with a significant reduction in the means of body weight, percentage body fat, systolic blood pressure and plasma viscosity. Basal and hyperaemic blood fl ow in forearm resistance vessels measured by plethysmography increased significantly during the study. The findings of this pilot study indicate that dietary supplementation with Enzogenol is safe and well tolerated and is associated with a number of beneficial effects on a range of established cardiovascular risk factors. These changes need to be validated by a placebo-controlled study but are consistent with other studies that have reported beneficial clinical effects following supplementation with bioflavonoids.