gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macrobicyclic amines. III. Encapsulation of halide ions by in,in-1,(k + 2)-diazabicyclo[k.l.m.]alkane ammonium ions (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMacrobicyclic amines. III. Encapsulation of halide ions by in,in-1,(k + 2)-diazabicyclo[k.l.m.]alkane ammonium ionsC. H. Park and H. E. SimmonsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 9, 2431–2432Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01011a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01011a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2066Altmetric-Citations374LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IL-4 Induces Mucin Gene Expression and Goblet Cell Metaplasia In Vitro and In Vivo (1999)

Goblet cell metaplasia and mucus hypersecretion are important features in the pathogenesis of asthma. The cytokine IL-4 has been shown to play a role in animal models of asthma, where it induces Th2 lymphocyte differentiation and B lymphocyte IgE class switch. IL-4 has also been implicated in the differentiation of goblet cells via effects on lymphocytes and eosinophils. In this study we hypothesized that IL-4 induces airway epithelial cell mucin gene expression and mucous glycoconjugate production by direct action on these cells. In vitro, cultured airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) expressed IL-4R constitutively, and IL-4 (10 ng/ml) induced MUC2 gene expression and mucous glycoconjugate production. In vivo, mouse airway epithelial cells expressed IL-4R constitutively, and IL-4 (250 ng) increased MUC5 gene expression and Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff-positive staining at 24 h; IL-4 did not increase inflammatory cell numbers in airway tissue or in bronchoalveolar lavage. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in bronchoalveolar lavage were not increased in response to IL-4 instillation. These results indicate that airway epithelial cells express IL-4R constitutively and that IL-4 directly induces the differentiation of epithelium into mucous glycoconjugate-containing goblet cells.
Blocking the CD28-B7 T cell costimulation pathway induces long term cardiac allograft acceptance in the absence of IL-4 (1997)

Abstract Blocking the CD28-B7 T lymphocyte costimulatory pathway with the recombinant protein CTLA4Ig induces long term allograft survival in rodents. It has been suggested that this results from selective activation of the Th2 immune pathway. To test this hypothesis, we compared vascularized cardiac allograft survival in wild-type (IL-4 +/+) and homozygous IL-4 gene-knockout (IL-4 -/-) mice. We report in this study that long term survival (&gt;100 days) of fully allogeneic grafts can be induced readily in IL-4 -/- recipients treated with a short course of CTLA4Ig. We also demonstrate that IL-4 -/- mice are deficient in Th2-type cytokine expression following in vitro or in vivo allostimulation. These results suggest that IL-4 production and subsequent generation of a Th2-type immune response are not obligatory for CTLA4Ig-induced long term acceptance of vascularized allografts.
Robust surface registration using salient anatomical features for image‐guided liver surgery: Algorithm and validation (2008)

A successful surface-based image-to-physical space registration in image-guided liver surgery (IGLS) is critical to provide reliable guidance information to surgeons and pertinent surface displacement data for use in deformation correction algorithms. The current protocol used to perform the image-to-physical space registration involves an initial pose estimation provided by a point based registration of anatomical landmarks identifiable in both the preoperative tomograms and the intraoperative presentation. The surface based registration is then performed via a traditional iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm between the preoperative liver surface, segmented from the tomographic image set, and an intraoperatively acquired point cloud of the liver surface provided by a laser range scanner. Using this more conventional method, the registration accuracy can be compromised by poor initial pose estimation as well as tissue deformation due to the laparotomy and liver mobilization performed prior to tumor resection. In order to increase the robustness of the current surface-based registration method used in IGLS, we propose the incorporation of salient anatomical features, identifiable in both the preoperative image sets and intraoperative liver surface data, to aid in the initial pose estimation and play a more significant role in the surface-based registration via a novel weighting scheme. Examples of such salient anatomical features are the falciform groove region as well as the inferior ridge of the liver surface. In order to validate the proposed weighted patch registration method, the alignment results provided by the proposed algorithm using both single and multiple patch regions were compared with the traditional ICP method using six clinical datasets. Robustness studies were also performed using both phantom and clinical data to compare the resulting registrations provided by the proposed algorithm and the traditional method under conditions of varying initial pose. The results provided by the robustness trials and clinical registration comparisons suggest that the proposed weighted patch registration algorithm provides a more robust method with which to perform the image-to-physical space registration in IGLS. Furthermore, the implementation of the proposed algorithm during surgical procedures does not impose significant increases in computation or data acquisition times.
CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS WITH HYDRAZINE IN THE PRESENCE OF IRON(III) CHLORIDE AND ACTIVE CARBON (1975)

Abstract A catalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amino compounds with hydrazine in the presence of Fe(III) chloride and active carbon was studied. The corresponding amino compounds were obtained with excellent purities and in good yields. The method was also applied to the partial reduction of dinitro compounds.
Synthesis of [1, 6‐α, α′‐Diaminosuberic acid]oxytocin (‘Dicarba‐oxytocin’) (1974)

Abstract Starting from a selectively protected derivative of α,α′‐diaminosuberic acid ( 3 ) the linear protected peptide 11 has been obtained. Cyclisation to 12 followed by removal of the protecting groups by hydrogenolysis afforded the ‘dicarba’ analogue of oxytocin, 1 c , which showed about 5 IU/μmol of uterotonic activity in vitro .
Thyroid hormone calorigenesis and mitochondrial redox signaling: upregulation of gene expression (2006)

Thyroid hormone (TH, T3) is required for the normal function of most tissues, with major effects on O2 consumption and metabolic rate. These are due to transcriptional activation of respiratory genes through the interaction of T3-liganded TH receptors with TH response elements or the activation of intermediate factors, with the consequent higher rates of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reactive O2 species (ROS) generation and antioxidant depletion. The genomic effects of TH are accompanied by redox upregulation of the liver expression of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha]), enzymes (manganese superoxide dismutase), and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2), via a cascade initiated by TNF-alpha produced by Kupffer cells and involving inhibitor of kappa-B phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kappa-B activation. Thus, TH calorigenesis triggers non-genomic effects leading to an expression pattern that may represent an adaptive mechanism to re-establish redox homeostasis and promote cell survival under conditions of ROS toxicity secondary to TH-induced oxidative stress. Mechanisms of expression of respiratory and redox-sensitive genes may be functionally integrated, which could be of importance to understand the complexities of TH action and the outcome of thyroid gland dysfunction.
Proposal for an Electron Accelerator Using an Optical Maser (1962)

Among many possible applications of the extremely high brightness temperature and the radiation density obtainable with the optical maser, a high energy electron accelerator is proposed and discussed in this paper. It consists of a cylindrical tube of maser material excited by a pumping radiation through an interference filter coated on its outer surface and, it generates an oscillation in a TM 0 NM type mode. An optical peak power of 10 kw/cm 2 was calculated to accelerate electrons by 10 9 ev/meter. A gas-filled cavity is proposed for velocity matching. Selection of the particular mode might be made by placing a periodically printed absorption layer on the inner surface of the maser cylinder. However, mode separation would be extremely difficult because of thermal expansion of the maser material.
The Self-coating Structure of the Spiral Flow Melting Furnace in Gasification-melting System (2004)

ガス化溶融システムの核となる旋回溶融炉の炉壁は, 高温ガスやスラグにさらされ耐火材の損耗が著しい。そのため, 炉壁構造に自己回復能力を持つセルフコーティング構造を採用することによって, その対策を行った。本報では, そのセルフコーティング構造の特徴について, 熱流束, スラグ層厚さ, ガス温度などの変数で構成される熱収支モデルを用いて検討し, 1, 450～1, 550℃の範囲で熱流束の計算値と実測値がよい一致を示すことを確認した。
A programming model for active documents (2000)

Traditionally, designers organize software system as active end-points (e.g. applications) linked by passive infrastructures (e.g. networks). Increasingly, however, networks and infrastructures are becoming active components that contribute directly to application behavior. Amongst the various problems that this presents is the question of how such active infrastructures should be programmed.
Discontinuous translation and mRNA secondary structure. (1995)

It has recently been reported that ribosomes pause at specific sites during translation of the chloroplast photosystem II reaction center protein D1(1). We have obtained the stability map of local secondary structure of the mRNA of psbA gene, encoding for D1, by plotting the free energy of the optimal secondary structure of the local segment of the mRNA against the segment position along a base sequence of the mRNA. It was found that the positions of minima or lower free energy in the map coincide with the positions of the pausing sites during synthesis of D1. The result suggests that synthesis pauses of D1 could-be induced by the mRNA secondary structure.
Influence of Cutaneous Ice Application On Single Motor Units In Humans (1971)

The ability of forty-one normal healthy subjects to learn to isolate ancl control a single motor unit in the right biceps brachii muscle, and the subse quent alterations in this learned response after ice application to the skin area overlying this muscle have been investigated. Motor unit activity was recorded electromyographically. Seventy-eight per cent of the subjects were able to skillfully isolate and control one motor unit and 60 percent of these subjects exhibited facilitation of motor unit ac tivity after the application of ice. This facilitation was manifested by excessive firing of the isolated unit after a stop command was given, or by altera tions in the activation and control of the isolated motor unit superimposed on a background of ad ditional motor units.
Fourth-order SI delta-sigma modulatorsfor high-frequency applications (1995)

The Letter presents a fourth-order delta-sigma modulator structure for switched-current implementation. By using 3.3 V switched-current and two-step switched-current memory cells that can be clocked at a frequency over 100 MHz, two modulators have been designed and implemented. Measurement results are also presented.
The cell biology of peritrichous flagella in <i><scp>B</scp>acillus subtilis</i> (2012)

Bacterial flagella are highly conserved molecular machines that have been extensively studied for assembly, function and gene regulation. Less studied is how and why bacteria differ based on the number and arrangement of the flagella they synthesize. Here we explore the cell biology of peritrichous flagella in the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis by fluorescently labelling flagellar basal bodies, hooks and filaments. We find that the average B. subtilis cell assembles approximately 26 flagellar basal bodies and we show that basal body number is controlled by SwrA. Basal bodies are assembled rapidly (< 5 min) but the assembly of flagella capable of supporting motility is rate limited by filament polymerization (> 40 min). We find that basal bodies are not positioned randomly on the cell surface. Rather, basal bodies occupy a grid-like pattern organized symmetrically around the midcell and that flagella are discouraged at the poles. Basal body position is genetically determined by FlhF and FlhG homologues to control spatial patterning differently from what is seen in bacteria with polar flagella. Finally, spatial control of flagella in B. subtilis seems more relevant to the inheritance of flagella and motility of individual cells than the motile behaviour of populations.
Erfahrungen beim Einsatz von Durchfluß- und Mengenmessern in der chemischen Industrie / Application of fiowmeters in chemical industries (1985)

Article Erfahrungen beim Einsatz von Durchfluß- und Mengenmessern in der chemischen Industrie / Application of fiowmeters in chemical industries was published on January 1, 1985 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 52, issue 1).
France keeps its atomic secrets (2006)

Over 30 years on, secrecy orders imposed by the French government still make it impossible to find out how the radioactive fallout from the tests has affected people in Moruroa and Fangatuafa, a place where France detonated 41 nuclear weapons between 1966 and 1974. France has long denied that the tests caused significant fallout or contamination, or that they could be the cause of certain cancer in French Polynesia since the tests, including thyroid cancer. However, more than 4,200 former test-site workers are campaigning for compensation for health problems they claim result from radiation exposure. Other details are presented.
MULTISPECTRAL DATA FOR MAPPING SOIL TEXTURE: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS (2000)

Soil maps derived from random or grid-based sampling schemes are often an important part of precision cropmanagement. Sampling and soil analysis to derive such maps require a large investment of both time and money. Aerialphotos have been used as a soil mapping aid for years. Studies have shown such an approach can be useful for definingmanagement units in precision farming, but these studies are often limited to a single field, not an entire farmingoperation. In this study, multispectral airborne [green, red, near infrared (NIR), and thermal] and satellite (SPOT andLandsat TM) data were used to derive soil textural class maps for 350 ha of a 770 ha research and demonstration farm inMaricopa, Arizona. These maps were compared to soil textural analysis results from samples in the top 30 cm of the soilprofile at an approximate grid spacing of 120 m. Differences in tillage, residue, soil moisture, etc. between fields limitedthe accuracy of spectral classification procedures when applied across the entire study area. However, using spectralclassification procedures on a field-by-field basis, it was possible to map areas of soil textural class with reasonableaccuracy. These results are specific to the study area and may not apply at other locations due to the numerous factorsthat can contribute to a soils spectral response. Classification procedures were also used with vegetation present over thestudy area later in the season. Resulting vegetation classes may be helpful in deciding if soil classes impact cropdevelopment enough to warrant different management practices.
Development of TEM Holder Generating In-Plane Magnetic Field Used for <i>In-Situ</i> TEM Observation (2014)

For easy performance of Lorentz microscopy with simultaneous electric measurements, a special specimen holder for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been developed that has electromagnets to generate magnetic field and four leads for electric measurements. This TEM holder was evaluated by checking experimental results of permalloy (Ni0.8Fe0.2) patterns. Clear observations of domain wall injection into a nanowire and movement of magnetic vortices as well as magnetoresitance during the development of magnetic domains were performed. It appeared possible to apply in-plane magnetic fields along any direction with intensities of less than about 15.9 kA/m (200 Oe).
Tris(3-mercaptopropyl)-<i>N</i>-glycylaminomethane as a New Linker to Bridge Antibody with Metal Particles for Biological Cell Separations (2000)

Conjugates of nickel beads with CD8 and anti-red blood cell KC16 antibody were prepared by using the aminotrithiolate "spider" ligand, tris(3-mercaptopropyl)-N-glycylaminomethane, in its new function as a linker between the surface of nickel beads and antibody via activation of spider ligand attached to nickel beads with the common, heterobifunctional cross-linker, sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (sulfo-SMCC). Raw nickel beads were cleaned by either mild sonication in a bath or by stronger probe sonication to remove surface nickel oxide layers, before attachment of the spider ligand. Scanning electron micrographs of the nickel beads before and after probe sonication showed a marked change from a corrugated to a smooth bead surface. Analyses of the supernatants of conjugation mixtures for antibody gave surface densities of 2.5-5.2 mg/m(2) for CD8 and 0.6-12 mg/m(2) for KC16 antibody runs. The antibody-spider-nickel bead conjugates were used in magnetic bead depletions of targeted CD8+ lymphocytes or red blood cells (rbcs) in whole blood of normal donors. For CD8 cell depletions, the undepleted controls and supernatants of depleted samples were analyzed for CD8/CD4 cell populations by flow cytometry with appropriate fluorescent antibody markers. Enumeration of red blood cells, white blood cells (wbcs), and platelets (plts) in undepleted controls and supernatants of depleted samples were carried out on appropriate hematology counters. Whole blood titer results with various lots of either CD8-spider-nickel or KC16-spider-nickel bead conjugates showed varying degrees of depletion ability as indicated by bead-to-cell ratios of 2-32 for CD8 beads and by rbc-to-bead ratios of 1.2-10 for KC16 beads. Moreover, varying degrees of specificity of CD8 beads for CD8+ cells over CD4+ cells and of KC16 beads for rbcs over white blood cells and platelets were observed from the normalized nontargeted cell population figures in undepleted controls versus supernatants of depleted samples.
High-brightness organic double-quantum-well electroluminescent devices (2000)

An organic double-quantum-well structure electroluminescent device fabricated by a doping method is demonstrated. The device consists of N,N′-bis-(1-naphthl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (NPB) used as a hole transporter, undoped tris(8-quinolinolato) aluminum (Alq) as a barrier potential or electron transporter, and Alq doped with 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene) as a potential well and emitter, and has the following structure: indium tin oxide/NPB/Alq:rubrene/Alq/Alq:rubrene/Alq/Mg/Al. The maximum brightness and efficiency reach 48 000 cd/m2 and 4.59 lm/W, respectively. The present double-quantum-well structure device shows higher brightness and higher efficiency than those of the common heterostructure devices.
MicroRNA-155 Promotes Atherosclerosis Inflammation via Targeting SOCS1 (2015)

microRNA-155 works as a promoter in the atherosclerotic procession. Its mechanism may include enhancing inflammatory response in atherosclerosis by increasing STAT3 and NF-κB signaling via targeting SOCS1.
FEAT a tool for locating, describing, and analyzing concerns in source code (2003)

Developers working on existing programs repeatedly have to address concerns, or aspects, that are not well modularized in the source code comprising a system. In such cases, a developer has to first locate the implementation of the concern in the source code comprising the system, and then document the concern sufficiently to be able to understand it and perform the actual change task.
PCR-Based Strategy To Detect and Identify Species of <i>Phaeoacremonium</i> Causing Grapevine Diseases (2007)

Species of Phaeoacremonium (especially Phaeoacremonium aleophilum) are associated with two severe diseases in grapevines, Petri disease in young plants and Esca disease in adult plants. Phaeoacremonium species grow slowly on culture medium, and it is difficult to identify these species on the basis of morphological characteristics. Primers Pm1 and Pm2 were designed in the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions ITS1 and ITS2, respectively. They yielded a single amplicon of 415 bp for nine species of Phaeoacremonium that may occur in grapevines. A nested PCR (using general fungal primers ITS1F/ITS4 in the primary reaction) was developed to detect Phaeoacremonium directly in grapevine wood. Molecular detection was more sensitive than the traditional method of culturing in growth medium was. Identification of Phaeoacremonium species was achieved by digesting the PCR-amplified fragment with the restriction enzymes BssKI, EcoO109I, and HhaI. It was possible to distinguish these species by their restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns, except for Phaeoacremonium viticola and Phaeoacremonium angustius, which had 100% similarity in their ITS region sequences. A species-specific PCR amplification of the partial beta-tubulin gene using the primer pair Pbr4_1/T1 and Pbr8/T1 was necessary to differentiate P. angustius from P. viticola, respectively. An easy and fast protocol was developed to detect and identify species of Phaeoacremonium in a few hours. Primers defined here can be used in a plant nursery sanitation program to produce plants free of Phaeoacremonium spp. Use of healthy grapevine plants in new plantations is the most effective measure to manage Petri disease.