gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arginine vasopressin promoter regulation is mediated by a neuron-restrictive silencer element in small cell lung cancer. (1999)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is often expressed in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and a 65-bp AVP minimal promoter fragment is sufficient to restrict activity to SCLC in vitro. We now describe a motif with homology to the neuron-restrictive silencer element (NRSE) within this fragment. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis demonstrated that multiple specific complexes are bound by this motif. These complexes are cross-competed with a characterized SCG10 NRSE probe and do not bind to the AVP probe with a specific mutation in the NRSE. The complexes vary in mobility between lung tumor cell lines, showing different levels of AVP expression, and some are differentially bound in SCLC. Overexpression of a neuron-restrictive silencer factor expression construct can silence reporter gene expression supported by the AVP promoter in SCLC, although this was dependent on both the level of endogenous AVP expression in the cells and putative enhancer elements in larger promoter constructs. Activation of the proximal AVP promoter in SCLC is therefore proposed to, at least partially, rely on modulation of normal repressor activity at the NRSE.
Challenges and progress in the production of transgenic cattle (1994)

The production of transgenic cattle presents a number of unique challenges not encountered in other species. First, the survival of microinjected zygotes is low; only 15% in vivo-derived develop into morulae and blastocysts and, of these, only about 18% yield live calves. Second, transgene integration frequency is relatively low, around 3%. Thus, more than 1000 zygotes must be injected to produce a single transgenic calf. Obtaining sufficient zygotes from donor cattle to sustain a transgenic cattle programme is logistically and financially prohibitive, since the average superovulated donor yields only about four microinjectable zygotes per collection attempt. In vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization techniques may be used to alleviate this problem, although initially the developmental potential of in vitro-derived microinjected zygotes is lower than their in vivo-produced counterparts (8% v. 15%, respectively, yield morulae and blastocysts). Since only 3-5% of calves born from microinjected zygotes produced in either fashion yield transgenics, at least 20-30 pregnancies must be carried to term for every transgenic calf born. These conditions require that large herds of donor and recipient cattle be maintained. Recipient requirements could be reduced if transgene integration frequency could be increased, but improvements in the near future are unlikely since the mechanism of integration after pronuclear microinjection is poorly understood. Alternatively, embryos could be screened for integrated transgenes before transfer; however, efforts in this area have been complicated by high frequencies of false positive results. Although yet to be developed, bovine embryonic stem cells would alleviate many of these problems and permit a wider range of genetic manipulations.
Effects of selective beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists on intraocular pressure in the cat. (1981)

Ocular tension of cats was measured after topical administration of the selective beta 1-adrenergic agonist CGP 7760B, the selective beta 1-adrenergic antagonist atenolol, the selective beta 2-adrenergic agonist salbutamol, the selective beta 2-adrenergic antagonist H 35/25, and the mixed beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic antagonist timolol. Although atenolol did not alter intraocular pressure, CGP 7760B produced a modest decrease amounting to 3 to 4 mm Hg. Salbutamol, H 35/25, and timolol each produced a dose-dependent lowering of ocular tension, with maximal reductions amounting to 7, 5, and 5 mm Hg, respectively. Sympathetically denervated cat eyes showed supersensitivity to the pressure-lowering effect of salbutamol. In contrast, sympathectomy markedly reduced the effects of H 35/25 and timolol on ocular tension. Eyes rendered subsensitive to the pressure-lowering effects of cholinomimetics by chronic echothiophate treatment likewise showed diminished responsiveness to H 35/25 and timolol. Pretreatment with timolol (3 hr) completely abolished the pressure-lowering effect of salbutamol, and pretreatment with atenolol likewise completely antagonized the effect of CGP 7760B. These results suggest that beta-adrenergic receptors in the anterior segment of the cat eye are predominantly beta 2. Although beta-adrenergic antagonists apparently exert their effects on ocular tension by action at beta-adrenergic receptors, a cholinergic mechanism may be involved as well.
Dexrazoxane protects the heart from acute doxorubicin‐induced QT prolongation: a key role for<i>I</i><sub>Ks</sub> (2009)

Doxorubicin acutely prolonged the QT interval in guinea-pig heart by selective I(Ks) blockade. This effect was prevented by dexrazoxane. This result is important because it illustrates the danger of neglecting I(Ks) in favour of hERG screening alone, for early preclinical testing for possible induction of torsade de pointes.
Quinoline, quinazoline and acridone alkaloids (2003)

This review covers the isolation, structure determination, synthesis and biological activity of quinoline, quinazoline and acridone alkaloids from plant, microbial and animal sources. The literature from July 2001 to June 2002 is reviewed, and 125 references are cited.
A Concise Construction of the Chlorahololide Heptacyclic Core (2011)

A concise and efficient strategy for the construction of the heptacyclic core of the chloranthaceae family has been developed. The key strategy comprises an S(N)2-type intramolecular nucleophilic substitution and a biomimetic endo-Diels-Alder cycloaddition.
Stabilization of Engineered Zero-Valent Nanoiron with Na-Acrylic Copolymer Enhances Spermiotoxicity (2011)

Studies were carried out to assess the effects of stabilized (i.e., coated with organic polyacrylic stabilizer) and nonstabilized forms of zero-valent nanoiron (nZVI) on the development of Mytilus galloprovincialis embryos following 2 h exposure of the sperm prior to in vitro fertilization. Both forms of nZVI caused serious disruption of development, consisting of 30% mortality among spermatozoa with subsequent 20% decline in fertilization success, and delay in development, i.e., over 50% of the larvae were suspended in the trochophore stage. Significant DNA damage was also detected in sperm exposed to the highest exposure concentrations (10 mg L(-1)). Distinct dose response to the two different types of nZVI observed are linked to aggregation behavior that is controlled by the surface stabilizers. This work reports on conventional biomarkers (for membrane integrity, genotoxicity, and developmental toxicity) applied for the rapid assessment of toxicity of nZVI, which are able to detect surface property-related effects to meet the requirements of risk assessments for nanotechnology. The study highlights the potential ecotoxicological impact of an environmentally relevant engineered nanoparticle. Implications of the NOM-nZVI interactions regarding soil and groundwater remediation and wastewater treatment are discussed.
Reversing effect of Tanshinone on malignant phenotypes of human hepatocarcinoma cell line (1998)

AIM:To study the reversing effect of Chinese drug tanshinone on malignant phenotype of cancer cells.METHODS:Human hepatocarcinoma cell line (SMMC-7721) was treated in vitro with 0.5mg/L tanshinone for 4 days, and variation in cell differentiation wasdetected.RESULTS:The morphology of cancer cells was tended toward well differentiation and cell growth was markedly inhibited. BrdU uptake assay and immunohistochemical stain of PCNA showed that the BrdU labeling rate and PCNA positive rate were lower than the controls, but no difference was found statistically as compared with all transretinoic acid.Flow cytometric assay demonstrated that S phase cells decreased and G(0)/G(1) phase cells increased. Expression of c-myc oncogene protein decreased but the c-fos oncogene protein markedly increased. CONCLUSION:Tanshinone could reverse the inducing differentiation in human hepatocarcinoma cells (SMMC-7721). It may become a new prospective inducer of cell differentiation to treat cancers.
<p>Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Wheezy Infants Predicts Persistent Atopic Asthma and Exacerbations at School Age</p> (2020)

In wheezy infants/toddlers, SB-FE<sub>NO</sub> was predictive of school-age asthma and associated with lung function measures at age 6 years.
Herstellung von α‐Aminosäureestern durch Alkoholyse der Methylester (1953)

Abstract Die Alkoholyse von α‐Aminosäuremethylestern ist zur Gewinnung von Aminosäureestern schwerflüchtiger Alkohole brauchbar. Bei Verwendung von Natriumalkoxyd als Umesterungskatalysator erfolgt am α‐Kohlenstoffatom der Aminosäure ganz oder teilweise Racemisierung; die optische Aktivität bleibt dagegen erhalten, wenn als Katalysator ein Aluminiumalkoxyd verwendet wird. Die benötigten Aminosäure‐methylester können, namentlich wenn sie in grösseren Mengen gebraucht werden, auf einfachste Weise mit Hilfe von Thionylchlorid hergestellt werden.
<i>Mycoplasma bovis</i>pneumonia in cattle (2007)

Mycoplasma bovis is an important and emerging cause of respiratory disease and arthritis in feedlot cattle and young dairy and veal calves, and has a variety of other disease manifestations in cattle. M. bovis is certainly capable of causing acute respiratory disease in cattle, yet the attributable fraction has been difficult to estimate. In contrast, M. bovis is more accepted as a cause of chronic bronchopneumonia with caseous and perhaps coagulative necrosis, characterized by persistent infection that seems poorly responsive to many antibiotics. An understanding of the disease has been recently advanced by comparisons of natural and experimentally induced disease, development of molecular diagnostic tools, and understanding some aspects of virulence, yet uncertainties regarding protective immunity, the importance of genotypic diversity, mechanisms of virulence, and the role of co-pathogens have restricted our understanding of pathogenesis and our ability to effectively control the disease. This review critically considers the relationship between M. bovis infection and the various manifestations of the bovine respiratory disease complex, and addresses the pathogenesis, clinical and pathologic sequelae, laboratory diagnosis and control of disease resulting from M. bovis infection in the bovine respiratory tract.
Biocontrol of Aphanomyces Root Rot and Pythium Damping-Off by<i>Pseudomonas cepacia</i>AMMD on Four Pea Cultivars (1993)

Pseudomonas cepacia strain AMMD applied as a seed treatment has been used for biocontrol of Pythium damping-off and Aphanomyces root rot of peas. We tested the biocontrol efficacy of this strain on four pea cultivars that differed in susceptibility to Aphanomyces root rot. In 1990 and 1991, seedling emergence, Aphanomyces root rot severity, and pea yield of biocontrol-treated and nontreated controls were compared in a field naturally infested with Pythium spp. and Aphanomyces euteiches f. sp. pisi
Mechanism of action of Escherichia coli heat stable enterotoxin in a human colonic cell line. (1988)

Escherichia coli heat stable enterotoxin (STa) caused Cl- secretion across T84 cell monolayers in a dose-dependent manner only when applied to the apical membrane surface and not when applied to the basolateral surface. Measurement of cAMP, cGMP, and free cytosolic Ca2+ in response to STa suggested that cGMP alone mediated the Cl- secretory response. Studies utilizing blockers of the Na+,K+-ATPase pump, a Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport system, a K+ channel, and a Cl- channel suggest that all of them participate in the Cl- secretory process induced by STa. The results suggest that the Cl- secretory response induced by STa is mediated by cGMP after the enterotoxin binds to its receptor on the apical membrane. The enterotoxin, by increasing cGMP, opens a K+ channel on the basolateral membrane as well as a Cl- channel on the apical membrane. The activation of these ion exit mechanisms, together with activations of the Na+,K+,Cl- cotransporter and the Na+,K+-ATPase pump drives Cl- exit through the Cl- channel on the apical membrane.
An Alternative Approach to Initializing Mutually Referential Objects (2005)

Mutual dependencies between objects arise frequently in programs, and programmers must typically resort to manually filling “initialization holes ” to help construct the corresponding object graphs, i.e. null values and/or explicitly mutable locations. This report describes a “base-line ” proposal for a generalized form of value recursion in an ML-like language called initialization graphs, where value recursion is given the simplistic semantics of a graph of lazy computations whose nodes are sequentially forced, with uses of recursive values checked for initialization-soundness at runtime. We then develop examples using this mechanism to show how problematic the issue of value recursion is for ML-like languages, and in particular how sophisticated reactive objects cannot be defined in the language without using initialization holes, and how this forces ML programmers to break abstraction boundaries. At the same time we show how OO languages rely extensively on null pointers during initialization. We propose that a general, semi-safe mechanism allows value recursion to be used in conjunction with existing sophisicated abstract APIs such GUI libraries, and allows freshly defined APIs to be both abstract and yet not require clients to use explicit initialization holes. We propose that the initialization mechanism permits more programs to be expressed in the mutation-free fragment of ML, though we do not formally prove this result. 1
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-fluoro-8-azaadenosine and related compounds (1983)

The synthesis of 2-fluoro-8-azaadenosine (6e) and 2-amino-8-azaadenosine (6d) is described. Condensation of 9H-2,6-bis(methylthio)-8-azapurine (4) with 2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-D-ribofuranosyl chloride (5) produces a mixture of 6a (9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl) and 7a (8-beta-D-ribofuranosyl). Standard functional group manipulation, including a modified Schiemann reaction to introduce the fluorine, allows preparation of 6d and 6e from the major isomer 6a. By a similar series of reactions the minor component 7a was converted to 7d and 7e, with the ribose ring attached at N-8 of the 8-azapurine ring system. Structure proofs utilized UV and 1H and 13C NMR data. Compounds 6b-e,g and 7b-f were evaluated in the H.Ep.-2 cell culture screen, and compounds 6c-e and 7d were evaluated in the P388 mouse leukemia screen. Adenosine deaminase data are also presented for some compounds.
Antioxidant Activity,Moisture-absorbing and Moisture-retention Properties of Polysaccharides from Tremella,Oat and Ophiopogon Japonicus (2013)

Objective:To explore the antioxidant activity,moisture-absorbing and moisture-retention properties of polysaccharides from Tremella,oat and Ophiopogon Japonicus.Methods:The antioxidant activities of 3 polysaccharides were evaluated by determining their scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and their reducing and chelating powers.The moisture retention activities were also evaluated by controlling the relative humidity and compared with glycerol.Results:Polysaccharides from Ophiopogon Japonicus exhibited the strongest moisture-absorbing and moisture-retention rates and reducing power.Meanwhile,polysaccharides from Tremella also exhibited stronger scavenging activity on DPPH free radicals.Conclusion:Polysaccharides from Tremella,oat and Ophiopogon Japonicus can be used as a good additive in functional food and cosmetics.
The Classification and Nomenclature of Organisms of the Pleuropneumonia Group (1956)

The taxonomic status of the micro-organisms of the pleuropneumonia group has remained confused for many years. There is no generally accepted nomenclature or classification, although the need for these has been widely recognized and has become more urgent with the increasing number of new strains of pleuropneumonia-like organisms isolated. Recently Freundt (1955) and Edward (1955) made proposals for classifying and naming these organisms. Although published separately their proposals were in close agreement with each other, as a result of previous informal exchanges of views between the authors. However, it was felt that the publication of two separate papers, each of which provided lists of named species differing from each other only slightly, might cause confusion, particularly as both papers unfortunately contained a number of printing errors. Therefore, it was decided to prepare a joint paper. It is hoped that the proposals made will provide a basis for discussion among those interested in this group of organisms, and will lead to the adoption of a nomenclature which commands general agreement. It is also felt that the study of strains of pleuropneumonia-like organisms may be stimulated by the establishment of named species.
Yield and Cost Analysis of a Reliable NoC (2009)

The yield and cost of a multi-core chip improve significantly through the addition of some spare cores in the system. In this paper, we model the manufacturing and service cost of an NoC with spare wires and routers as well as spare cores. We apply our analysis on an exemplary 9-core processor and on an Intel 80-core processor, and show that a spare scheme can significantly improve the reliability, reduce the cost, and substitute for the burn-in process.
Optical Head with Annular Phase-Shifting Apodizer (1993)

An optical head with an annular phase-shifting apodizer was experimentally developed, and was found to have a high readout resolution and low readout signal error rate, permitting higher recording densities for the optical disk system. This apodizing head was confirmed experimentally and theoretically to have large tolerance for head defocusing and ample allowance for disk thickness variation, compared to conventional optical heads.
Increased expression of the multidrug-resistance gene in undifferentiated sarcoma (1990)

We analyzed multidrug-resistance gene (mdr1 gene) expression in a patient with undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver using the cloned cDNA for the mdr1 gene. Tissue samples were available at the time of initial diagnosis and of two intracranial relapses after chemotherapy with a regimen including doxorubicin and teniposide. The level of mdr1 gene expression was increased sevenfold in the intracranial tumor at the time of first relapse and 11-fold at the second relapse. This case may be an example of acquired multidrug resistance associated with overexpression of the mdr1 gene.
Spatio-Temporal Markov Random Field for Video Denoising (2007)

This paper presents a novel spatio-temporal Markov random field (MRF) for video denoising. Two main issues are addressed in this paper, namely, the estimation of noise model and the proper use of motion estimation in the denoising process. Unlike previous algorithms which estimate the level of noise, our method learns the full noise distribution nonparametrically which serves as the likelihood model in the MRF. Instead of using deterministic motion estimation to align pixels, we set up a temporal likelihood by combining a probabilistic motion field with the learned noise model. The prior of this MRF is modeled by piece-wise smoothness. The main advantage of the proposed spatio-temporal MRF is that it integrates spatial and temporal information adaptively into a statistical inference framework, where the posteriori is optimized using graph cuts with alpha expansion. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach on benchmark data sets and real videos to show the advantages of our algorithm compared with previous single frame and multi-frame algorithms.
Polyamine‐modified urea‐formaldehyde resins. I. Synthesis, structure, and properties (1991)

Abstract The objective of this study was to improve the durability and stability of urea–formaldehyde‐bonded wood products by decreasing the internal stress developed during resin cure and by improving the ability of the cured resin to withstand cyclic stresses. This paper presents initial results from modifying a urea–formaldehyde resin by incorporating di‐ and trifunctional amines. The amines were incorporated by adding them as amines during resin synthesis, by adding urea‐capped amines during resin synthesis, and by using amine hydrochlorides as acidic curing agents. Addition of amines during resin synthesis produced uncurable resins. However, modification with urea‐capped amines or curing with amine hydrochlorides provided cure rates comparable to that of unmodified resin cured with ammonium chloride. These modifications also reduced the tendency of the resin to crack and fracture and substantially improved the resistance of bonded joints to cyclic stress imposed by cyclic wet–dry exposures. Resins cured with amine hydrochlorides had lower formaldehyde liberation than those cured with ammonium chloride. Thus, incorporation of flexible di‐ and triamines offers promise for improving the durability and stability of urea–formaldehyde‐bonded wood products.
Quantum transformation: the analysis of quantum rectifier-inverters (2003)

Quantum rectifier-inverters are analyzed by means of quantum transformation. The procedure of the transformation is explained, and then it is applied to the quantum converters to obtain equivalent conventional circuits. Then it is analyzed by the circuit d-q transformation, from which the DC voltage gain is derived. Finally, the gain is verified by time-domain simulations. The switching patterns, or equivalently the control laws, of the quantum converters are determined by a very simple logic circuit composed of only two EXOR gates when those of the equivalent rectifier-inverters are already known. It is found that the operation of the quantum converters is related to that of the conventional converters via the proposed quantum transformation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rate 1/2 convolutional codes with complementary generators (1971)

The structure of a class of rate <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\frac{1}{2}</tex> convolutional codes called complementary codes is investigated. Of special interest are properties that permit a simplified evaluation of free distance. Methods for finding the codes with largest free distance in this class are obtained. A synthesis procedure and a search procedure that result in good codes up to constraint lengths of 24 are described. The free and minimum distances of the best complementary codes are compared with the best known bounds and with the distances of other known codes.
On the order of the polynomial x p -x-a. (2010)

Abstract. In this note, we prove that the order of x p − x − 1 ∈ Fp[x] is pp−1, where p is a p−1 prime and Fp is the finite field of size p. As a consequence, it is shown that x p − x − a ∈ Fp[x] is primitive if and only if a is a primitive element in Fp. 1.
The Morbidity of Heparin Therapy After Development of Pulmonary Embolus in Patients Undergoing Thoracolumbar or Lumbar Spinal Fusion (1995)

Heparinization after the development of pulmonary embolus in patients recently undergoing spinal fusion is associated with a high complication rate. The morbidity of vena cava filter placement is low and should be considered a treatment alternative in the treatment of patients who experience pulmonary embolus after surgery.