gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review on the Prevalence of Low Back Pain in Nigeria (2017)

Context: Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder affecting the general population. The prevalence of LBP varies across the studied populations, geographic areas, and age groups. Evidence Acquisition: Prevalence of LBP in Nigeria is largely occupational based. The prevalence differs based on the type of occupation, population, or age group. Therefore, it is necessary to collect data that can help to identify a point or annual prevalence that guides practice and policy making. The databases of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and SciELO were searched from the inception to May, 2016. A strategy was developed to search the databases. Articles were included if they reported the prevalence of LBP in Nigeria. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed. Results: A total of 103 studies were yielded among which 12 studies were relevant. The 12-month prevalence of LBP was commonly reported, and it was estimated from 32.5% to 73.53%. All of the reviewed studies were occupational based and did not depict a true general population prevalence of LBP. Conclusions: The findings of the current review demonstrated a high prevalence of LBP among workers. Future studies with appropriate methodological design on a general population helps to identify the impact of LBP in Nigeria.
The auxin-inducible degradation (AID) system enables versatile conditional protein depletion in <i>C. elegans</i> (2015)

Experimental manipulation of protein abundance in living cells or organisms is an essential strategy for investigation of biological regulatory mechanisms. Whereas powerful techniques for protein expression have been developed in Caenorhabditis elegans, existing tools for conditional disruption of protein function are far more limited. To address this, we have adapted the auxin-inducible degradation (AID) system discovered in plants to enable conditional protein depletion in C. elegans. We report that expression of a modified Arabidopsis TIR1 F-box protein mediates robust auxin-dependent depletion of degron-tagged targets. We document the effectiveness of this system for depletion of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins in diverse somatic and germline tissues throughout development. Target proteins were depleted in as little as 20-30 min, and their expression could be re-established upon auxin removal. We have engineered strains expressing TIR1 under the control of various promoter and 3' UTR sequences to drive tissue-specific or temporally regulated expression. The degron tag can be efficiently introduced by CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. We have harnessed this system to explore the roles of dynamically expressed nuclear hormone receptors in molting, and to analyze meiosis-specific roles for proteins required for germ line proliferation. Together, our results demonstrate that the AID system provides a powerful new tool for spatiotemporal regulation and analysis of protein function in a metazoan model organism.
Chemotherapeutic Agent Permeability to Normal Brain and Delivery to Avian Sarcoma Virus-induced Brain Tumors in the Rodent: Observations on Problems of Drug Delivery (1984)

Four chemotherapeutic agents (cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), methotrexate (MTX), and bleomycin) were given intravenously to rats harboring the avian sarcoma virus-induced glioma. Drug content in brain, tumor, and systemic tissue was measured. The uptake of drug and the consistency of drug levels in normal brain and tumor varied widely among these agents. [14C]Cyclophosphamide and its metabolites penetrated normal brain and, to a greater extent, brain tumor. [14C]5-FU and its metabolites also entered normal brain and brain tumor, but to lesser extent than [14C] cyclophosphamide and its metabolites. Immunoreactive MTX entry into tumor was variable, ranging from 30 to 1080 ng/g of tissue, with only minimal concentrations in normal brain. After conventional doses, immunoreactive bleomycin levels in tumor were also variable, ranging from 24 to 164 mu units/g of tissue, and little if any drug entered surrounding brain. In addition, the cerebrovascular permeability of 5-FU and MTX in normal rats was measured. Utilizing the method of Rapoport, the PA (product of permeability and capillary surface area) of 5-FU was found to be 6- to 12-fold greater than that of MTX. The PA of both drugs was increased 4- to 7-fold after osmotic blood-brain barrier opening. The variable "leakiness" of glial tumors, both experimentally and clinically, as well as the varied permeabilities of different water-soluble chemotherapeutic agents, makes the drug delivery problem in brain tumors a very complex issue.
Effects of OPC-18790, a New Positive Inotropic Agent, on Canine Ventricular Arrhythmias (1993)

OPC-18790 is a positive inotropic and vasodilating agent that increases intracellular cyclic AMP and stimulates Ca currents. We examined its direct electrophysiological effects in isolated blood-perfused canine cardiac preparations. OPC-18790 caused an acceleration of the intraventricular conduction in association with an increase of the contractile force and the coronary blood flow. We also examined the effects of OPC-18790 on ventricular arrhythmias in canine ventricular tachycardia (VT) models. OPC-18790 in doses producing submaximal inotropic effects, 3 mg/kg, i.v., increased the total heart rate, atrial rate and decreased the blood pressure, but did not suppress or aggravate 24- and 48-hr coronary ligation VTs. OPC-18790 up to 3 mg/kg, i.v. also did not suppress or aggravate digitalis-induced VTs. However, this dose of OPC-18790 aggravated halothane-adrenaline induced VT into ventricular fibrillation and eventually death, but a lower dose of 0.3 mg/kg did not aggravate this VT. These results in canine VTs indicate that OPC-18790 is similar to other positive inotropic agents, vesnarinone, amrinone, milrinone and sulmazole. The absence of an aggravating effect of this new positive inotropic agent on digitalis and coronary ligation VTs may be advantageous in a clinical setting of combined therapy with digitalis for myocardial ischemia.
Polycyclic N-hetero compounds. VI. Synthesis of 11,13,15-triazasteroidal compounds and correction of the structures of its intermediates. (1975)

11, 13, 15-Triazasteroidal compounds, that is, 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrahydrobenz [h] imidazo [1, 2-c]-quinazolines (IV) were synthesized by the new route. Its intermediates (VII, VIII) were compared with the previous intermediates (II, III). II and III were corrected to II'and III'respectively.
<title>Case-based reasoning support for engineering design</title> (2000)

The potential application of case-based reasoning (CBR) in design support is illustrated through examples drawn from research at the University of Paisley, demonstrating the suitability of CBR for different aspects of design, different problem areas, and different design goals. A quality advisory system has been developed for the early stages of mechanical engineering design, the aim of which is to provide quality advice in a variant design situation. In the domain of software engineering CBR has been applied to advise on which metrics are appropriate fora assessing the quality of the software currently under design. The system integrates CBR with concepts from quality function deployment (QFD) and incorporates a case library holding past software quality histories. CBR has been applied in support of conceptual design: to capture detailed design histories by monitoring designer actions, and thereby support design reuse through the evaluation of designs, through the provision of query, browsing and replay facilities. The resulting system is aimed to support the design of safety critical systems, by assisting in the construction of safety arguments, and cooperative design.
Manchester encoding: opposing definitions resolved (2000)

Manchester encoding is widely used to provide clock and data information simultaneously via a single connection. There are two opposing-and incompatible-definitions of Manchester encoding where the rising edge in the centre of the data bit indicates either a logic “1” or alternatively a logic “0”. This paper resolves the differences and identifies the originator of the method.
Comparing Visible–Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy and a Pedotransfer Function for Predicting the Dry Region of the Soil‐Water Retention Curve (2019)

Core Ideas The Campbell–Shiozawa (CS) model was fitted to dry region data. The CS model was anchored to soil water content at −10 6 cm H 2 O matric potential. The model's parameters were well predicted from vis‐NIR spectra or a PTF. Both the vis‐NIRS and PTF models gave good predictions of dry region water retention. The soil‐water retention curve (SWRC) at the dry end, also known as soil water vapor sorption isotherms, is essential for the modeling of water vapor transport, microbial activity, and biological processes such as plant water uptake in the vadose zone. Measurement of detailed soil water vapor sorption isotherms (WSIs) can be time consuming. Therefore, we propose rapid, inexpensive methodologies (visible–near‐infrared spectroscopy [vis–NIRS] and a pedotransfer function [PTF]) to predict the Campbell–Shiozawa (CS) model parameters to obtain the WSIs. Water vapor sorption isotherms were measured on 144 soil samples with a vapor sorption analyzer. The CS semi‐logarithmic‐linear function anchored at a soil‐water matric potential of −10 6 cm H 2 O (log|−10 6 | = pF 6) was fitted to the measured data because it accurately characterizes the WSIs. Thereafter, a vis–NIRS calibration model and a PTF, based on clay and organic C contents, were developed and used to predict the two reference CS model parameters (α and W 6 ). Both parameters were predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy using vis–NIRS and the PTF (for α, RMSE values of 0.0041 and 0.0025, and for W 6 , RMSE values of 0.0042 and 0.0034 for vis–NIRS and the PTF, respectively). Based on the predicted α and W 6 values, the predicted WSIs compared closely with the measured isotherms for individual soil samples from each field. At the field scale, the vis–NIRS model performed marginally better than the PTF. Thus, it is evident that the use of vis–NIRS or PTFs provides a relatively inexpensive approach to predicting soil water sorption isotherms.
Imposing Multiple Seismic Inversion Constraints on Reservoir Simulation Models (2007)

Abstract Well data reveal reservoir layering with relatively high vertical resolution but are areally sparse, whereas seismic data have low vertical resolution but are areally dense. Improved reservoir models can be constructed by integrating these data. The proposed method combines stochastic seismic inversion, finer-scale well data, and geologic continuity models to build ensembles of geomodels. Stochastic seismic inversions operating at the mesoscale (≈10 m) generate rock property estimates that are consistent with regional rock physics and true-amplitude imaged seismic data. These can be used in a cascading workflow to generate ensembles of fine-scale reservoir models, wherein each realization from the Bayesian seismic inversion is treated as an exact constraint for an associated finer scale stochastic model. We use two-point statistical models for the fine-scale model, modeling thickness and porosity of multiple facies directly. The update of these fine-scale models by the seismic constraints yields highly correlated truncated Gaussian distributions. These generate potentially rich pinchout behavior and flexible spatial connectivities in the fine scale model. The seismic constraints confine the fine-scale models to a posterior subspace corresponding to the constraint hypersur-face. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo samples the posterior distribution in this subspace using projection methods that exploit the reduced dimensionality that comes with the exact constraints. These methods are demonstrated in three-dimensional flow simulations on a cornerpoint grid, illustrating the effects of stratigraphic variability on flow behavior.
HEVC-based light field image coding with bi-predicted self-similarity compensation (2016)

This paper proposes an efficient light field image coding (LFC) solution based on High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The proposed light field codec makes use of the self-similarity (SS) compensated prediction concept to efficiently explore the inherent correlation of this type of content. To further improve the coding performance, a bi-predicted SS estimation and SS compensation is proposed, where the candidate predictor can be also devised as a linear combination of two blocks within the same search window. In addition, an improved vector prediction scheme is also used to take advantage of the particular characteristics of the SS prediction vectors. Experimental results show that the proposed LFC scheme is able to outperform the benchmark solutions with significant gains.
Passive protection with immunoglobulin A antibodies against tuberculous early infection of the lungs (2004)

We report on a new approach toward protection against tuberculosis, based on passive inoculation with immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies. In a mouse model of tuberculous lung infection, intranasal inoculations of mice with an IgA monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the alpha-crystallin antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reduced up to 10-fold the lung bacterial counts at nine days after either aerosol- or intranasal challenge. This effect involved synergism between mAb inoculations shortly before and 3 days after infection. Monomeric IgA reduced the colony-forming unit counts to the same extent as the polymeric IgA, suggesting antibody targeting to Fcalpha, rather than poly-immunoglobulin receptors on infected lung macrophages. The protective effect was of short duration, presumably due to the rapid degradation of the intranasally applied IgA. Our results provide evidence of an alternative approach which could be further developed toward immunoprophylaxis against tuberculosis in immunocompromised subjects.
An Immune Algorithm for Optional Selection Problem of Investment Projects (2009)

Firstly, an optional selection problem of investment projects is introduced, and a chance-constrained programming model is set up based on probability measure, where investment outlays, annual net cash flows and bank loans are all considered as stochastic variables. Secondly, an immune clonal selection algorithm is designed based on stochastic simulation to provide a general solution for the proposed optimization model, where stochastic simulation procedure, chromosome code, affinity function and mutation operator are studied. Lastly, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm in the paper.
Bile duct proliferation in Jag1 /fringe heterozygous mice identifies candidate modifiers of the alagille syndrome hepatic phenotype (2008)

Mice heterozygous for mutations in Jag1 and the Fringe genes display striking bile duct proliferation, which is not apparent at birth. These findings suggest that the Fringe genes may regulate postnatal bile duct growth and remodeling, and serve as candidate modifiers of the hepatic phenotype in AGS.
Optimal light integral and carbon dioxide concentration combinations for lettuce in ventilated greenhouses (2000)

Abstract Carbon dioxide enrichment and supplemental lighting in greenhouse facilities are common procedures for improving production rates. Carbon dioxide enrichment is usually used to decrease the amount of supplemental lighting, as it is a much less expensive process. However, it is economically prohibitive to maintain elevated CO 2 concentrations inside the greenhouse during periods of high ventilation rates. In this work, a crop-specific model is developed for lettuce. The model searches for the economically optimal daily light (photosynthetically active radiation—PAR) integral and CO 2 concentration combinations. This takes into account the ventilation rate, the environmental PAR integral, and the acceptable values of target combinations of PAR integral and CO 2 concentration, for the specific crop plant (lettuce). The optimal combinations achieve operating savings for the greenhouse facility.
gao xiao xue sheng gong zuo yu xue xiao she hui gong zuo de xiang hu guan xi ji lian dong ji zhi (2015)

加强高校学生工作,是中国高校的一项重要任务,也是高校为社会主义培养建设者的重要路径.应该说,高校学生工作所取得的经验和成果,已经在中国高校发展中得到了充分的证明.但是,当前中国正处在社会发展的转型期,复杂的社会关系和利益关系以及急剧变迁的生活方式都深刻地影响着大学生的思维方式、道德标准和价值取向.传统的高校学生工作已经不可能从根本上缓解和解决众多高校学生问题,这就为给学校社会工作的发展提供了良好的契机.
Isolation and Characterization of Actinomycete Antagonists of a Fungal Root Pathogen (1993)

By use of selective media, 267 actinomycete strains were isolated from four rhizosphere-associated and four non-rhizosphere-associated British soils. Organic media with low nutrient concentrations were found to be best for isolating diverse actinomycetes while avoiding contamination and overgrowth of isolation media by eubacteria and fungi. While all isolates grew well at pHs 6.5 to 8.0, a few were unable to grow at pH 6.0 and a significant number failed to grow at pH 5.5. Eighty-two selected isolates were screened for in vitro antagonism towards Pythium ultimum by use of a Difco cornmeal agar assay procedure. Five isolates were very strong antagonists of the fungus, four were strong antagonists, and ten others were weakly antagonistic. The remaining isolates showed no antagonism by this assay. Additional studies showed that several of the P. ultimum antagonists also strongly inhibited growth of other root-pathogenic fungi. Twelve isolates showing antifungal activity in the in vitro assay were also tested for their effects on the germination and short-term growth of lettuce plants in glasshouse pot studies in the absence of pathogens. None of the actinomycetes prevented seed germination, although half of the isolates retarded seed germination and outgrowth of the plants by 1 to 3 days. During 18-day growth experiments, biomass yields of some actinomycete-inoculated plants were reduced in comparison with untreated control plants, although all plants appeared healthy and well rooted. None of the actinomycetes significantly enhanced plant growth over these short-term experiments. For some, but not all, actinomycetes, some correlations between delayed seed germination and reduced 18-day plant biomass yields were seen. For others, plant biomass yields were not reduced despite an actinomycete-associated delay in seed germination and plant outgrowth. Preliminary glasshouse experiments indicated that some of the actinomycetes protect germinating lettuce seeds against damping-off caused by P. ultimum.
Limiting path exploration in GBP (2005)

Slow convergence in the Internet can be directly attributed to the "path exploration" phenomenon, inherent in all path vector protocols. The root cause for path exploration is the dependency among paths propagated through the network. Addressing this problem in BGP is particularly difficult as the AS paths exchanged between BGP routers are highly summarized. In this paper, we describe why path exploration cannot be countered effectively within the existing BGP framework, and propose a simple, novel mechanism - forward edge sequence numbers - to annotate the AS paths with additional "path dependency" information. We then develop an enhanced path vector algorithm, EPIC, shown to limit path exploration and lead to faster convergence. In contrast to other solutions, ours is shown to be correct on a very general model of Internet topology and BGP operation. Using theoretical analysis and simulations, we demonstrate that EPIC can achieve a dramatic improvement in routing convergence, compared to BGP and other existing solutions.
Toxicology testing handbook : principles, applications, and data interpretation (2001)

Use of animals in toxicology studies acute toxicity testing multidose toxicity and carcinogenicity studies metabolism and toxicokinetics inhalation toxicology genetic toxicology developmental and reproductive toxicology neurotoxicity toxicologic pathology assessment good laboratory practice compliance use of transgenic animals for assessment of mutation and cancer health risk assessment of environmental agents -incorporation of emerging scientific information.
Hardware assessment using the multi‐module, multi‐resolution system : A signal‐detection study (2007)

The multi-module, multi-resolution system (M3R) is used for hardware assessment in objective, task-based signal detection studies in projection data. A phantom capable of generating multiple realizations of a random textured background is introduced. Measured backgrounds from this phantom are used along with simulated lumpy and uniform backgrounds to investigate signal-to-noise ratio as a function of exposure time. Results are shown to agree with theoretical predictions, exhibiting a power-law like dependence previously seen for studies performed either in simulation or without an imaging system, and help validate the use of simulated lumpy backgrounds in observer studies. A second study looks at signal-detection performance, measured by AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve), in lumpy backgrounds for 20 M3R aperture combinations as a function of lump size and signal size. Observer performance reveals an improvement in AUC for certain ranges of signal and lump combinations through the use of multiplexed, multiple-pinhole apertures, indicating a need for task-specific aperture optimization. The channelized Hotelling observer is used with Laguerre-Gauss channels for both observer studies. Methods for selection of number of channels and channel width are discussed.
Osteoclast Inhibitory Lectin, a Family of New Osteoclast Inhibitors (2002)

We have identified two novel type II membrane-bound C-lectins, designated mOCILrP1 and mOCILrP2, of 218 and 217 amino acids, respectively, that share substantial identity with the murine osteoclast inhibitory lectin (OCIL). The extracellular domains of mOCILrP1 and mOCILrP2 share 83 and 75% identity, respectively, with the extracellular domain of mOCIL. When the extracellular domains were expressed as recombinant proteins, each inhibited osteoclast formation in murine bone marrow cultures treated with M-CSF and RANKL with similar potencies to mOCIL (IC(50) of 0.2 ng/ml). Distinct but highly related genes encoded the three OCIL family members, with mOCIL and mOCILrP2 controlled by an inverted TATA promoter, and mOCILrP1 by a TTAAAA promoter. However only mOCIL was robustly regulated by calciotropic agents, while mOCILrP1 was not expressed, and mOCILrP2 was constitutively expressed in osteoblasts. Immunohistochemistry using antipeptide antibodies to the intracellular domain of mOCILrP1/mOCILrP2 and to mOCIL demonstrated that mOCIL and mOCILrP1/mOCILrP2 were concordantly expressed in osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and in extraskeletal tissues. Further, their cellular distribution was identical to that of RANKL. The identification of three distinct genes that were functionally related implies redundancy for OCIL, and their concordant expression with that of RANKL suggests that the RANKL:OPG axis may be further influenced by OCIL family members.
Monitoring of tissue oxygenation in shock (1995)

Many conventional markers of tissue hypoxia are useful when assessing general hypoperfusion, whereas intestinal intramucosal pH is the only reliable and clinically useful indicator of inadequate regional intestinal tissue oxygenation.