gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Barley Bread products improve glycemic control of Type 2 subjects (1998)

AbstractThe long-term effects of incorporating waxy hulless barley (β-glucan = -7%) bread products in the usual dietary pattern of non-insulin-dependent diabetic (Type 2) subjects were evaluated via dietary, clinical and biochemical methods. Eleven Type 2 men (x age = 51 ± 6.5 yr), living in the community, participated in a 24-wk crossover study (two 12-wk periods). Five randomly chosen subjects ate Barley Bread products first; the remainder ate the control White Bread first. Dietary intake was assessed (four 48-h dietary recalls/period). Blood glucose and insulin (8-h profiles) were measured at 0, 12 and 24 wks. Total energy and macronutrient intakes were similar in both dietary periods. Mean total dietary fibre intake was 28 g/d in the White Bread period and 39 g/d (10 g/d from barley) in the Barley Bread period. Mean glycemic response area (AUC) was lower (NS) and insulin response area was higher (P ⩽ 0.05) for the Barley Bread period than the White Bread period. In the Barley Bread period, AUC after lunch was lower for glucose (NS) and higher for insulin (P ⩽ 0.05) than in the White Bread period. For the Barley Bread period, insulin/glucose ratios for peak 1 and peak 2 were 65% (P ⩽ 0.05) and 113% (NS), respectively, higher than for the White Bread period. Results indicate that for the Type 2 diabetic subjects incorporation of the well accepted Barley Bread products (5 g/d β-glucan) into the diet improved their glycemic response. Insulinemic response increased; some subjects reduced their dose of oral hypoglycemics. Barley Bread products could be readily incorporated into the diet and greatly benefit the overall health of individuals with Type 2 diabetes.
Mini‐review Toll‐like receptors: networking for success (2003)

The innate immune system is essential for host defense and is responsible for early detection of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Upon recognition of microbes by innate immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, diverse signaling pathways are activated that combine to define inflammatory responses that direct sterilization of the threat and/or orchestrate development of the adaptive immune response. Innate immune signaling must be carefully controlled, and regulation comes in part from interactions between activating and inhibiting signaling receptors. Toll-like receptors (TLR) have recently emerged as key receptors responsible for recognizing specific conserved components of microbes including lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria, CpG DNA, and flagellin. Full activation of inflammatory responses by TLR may require the assembly of receptor signaling complexes including other transmembrane proteins that may influence signal transduction. In addition to TLR, many additional receptors participate in innate recognition of microbes, and recent studies demonstrate strong interactions between signaling through these receptors and signaling through TLR. Useful models for these interacting signaling pathways are now emerging and should pave the way for understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive the rich diversity of inflammatory responses.
Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties of Some N-(2-Chloro-7-cyclopropyl-4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonyl) L-α-Amino Esters (1997)

Abstract A series of N-(2-chloro-7-cyclopropyl-4,7-dihydro-4-oxothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonyl)-L-α-amino esters (5 ) have been prepared via the respective thieno[2,3-b]pyridinyl-5-carbonyl chloride (4). The CD spectra of the L-aliphatic (5a -d ) and L-aromatic (5e-g) a-amino acid derivatives display, in organic solvents, sign inversion of the measured Cotton effect (CE) bands. This chiroptical behaviour is probably associated with differences in conformational isomerism of either set. MS and NMR spectral data of the title compounds are presented.
SVCAM-1 Levels after Segmental Antigen Challenge Correlate with Eosinophil Influx, IL-4 and IL-5 Production, and the Late Phase Response (1995)

Evidence from in vitro studies suggests a potential role for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in eosinophil trafficking. We hypothesized that induction of VCAM-1 occurs in the lung during IgE-mediated airway inflammation in humans. The technique of segmental antigen provocation followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at 24 h was used to study 27 ragweed-allergic asthmatics (AA) and 18 atopic nonasthmatics (ANA). Total and differential cell counts were performed, and IL-4, IL-5, and soluble (VCAM) (sVCAM) levels in concentrated BAL fluid were measured by ELISA. A large increase in sVCAM levels after segmental challenge in both AA and ANA (1.79 +/- 0.31 to 139.39 +/- 68.58 ng/ml, p < 0.0005 and 2.85 +/- 0.80 to 98.25 +/- 77.35 ng/ml, p < 0.05, respectively) was observed. BAL IL-4 and IL-5 also increased after challenge (IL-4: 51.7 +/- 17.72 to 150.1 +/- 58.82 pg/ml, 0.05 < p < 0.10, n = 20 for AA, and 36.6 +/- 9.05 to 116.8 +/- 51.5 pg/ml, 0.05 < p < 0.10, n = 15 for ANA; IL-5: 0 to 2.67 +/- 1.62 ng/ml, p < 0.01, n = 16 for AA, and 0 to 2.87 +/- 2.16 ng/ml, 0.05 < p < 0.10, n = 10 for ANA). In both groups, the majority of the increase in sVCAM, IL-4, and IL-5 was accounted for by subjects who displayed a dual phase response after whole-lung antigen inhalation. This fact, plus the strong correlation observed between postchallenge sVCAM, IL-4, and IL-5 levels and eosinophil influx, suggests that VCAM, IL-4, and IL-5 play important roles in the recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of humans after antigen challenge.
Effect of Applied Amount and Time of Rice Bran on the Rice Growth Condition (2001)

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of application time and amount of rice bran on rice yield, weed occurrence, and chemical change in water as applied at the level of 1.8 Mg/ha (1.8RB) and 3.5 Mg/ha (3.5RB) through field and pot experiment. in the surface water and the percolated water through pot were high in application of 3.5RB, and similar in application of 1.8RB as compared to chemical fertilization. Electric conductivity in surface water were higher by application of rice bran until 25 days after rice bran application. in soil were lower in application of rice bran, and in soil were higher in 3.5RB at tillering stage and panicle formation stage of rice. Rice bran application(3.5RB) showed 68% of weed occurrence as compared to that of chemical fertilization. Rice yield were increased by heavy application of rice bran; 4.41 Mg/ha in 1.8RB and 4.87 Mg/ha in 3.5RB, and top dressing of nitrogen at panicle formation stage caused to increased rice yield by . Rice yield was also increased by early application of rice bran.
Long-Term Expression and Safety of Administration of AAVrh.10hCLN2 to the Brain of Rats and Nonhuman Primates for the Treatment of Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (2012)

Late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL), a fatal, lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the CLN2 gene, results in a deficiency of tripeptidyl-peptidase I (TPP-I) activity in neurons. Our prior studies showed that delivery of the human CLN2 cDNA directly to the CNS, using an adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) vector, is safe in children with LINCL. As a second-generation strategy, we have demonstrated that AAVrh.10hCLN2, a rhesus-derived AAV vector, mediates wide distribution of TPP-I through the CNS in a murine model. This study tests the hypothesis that direct administration of AAVrh.10hCLN2 to the CNS of rats and nonhuman primates at doses scalable to humans has an acceptable safety profile and mediates significant CLN2 expression in the CNS. A dose of 10(11) genome copies (GC) was administered bilaterally to the striatum of Sprague Dawley rats with sacrifice at 7 and 90 days with no significant impact except for mild vector-related histopathological changes at the site of vector administration. A dose of 1.8×10(12) GC of AAVrh.10hCLN2 was administered to the CNS of 8 African green monkeys. The vector-treated monkeys did not differ from controls in any safety parameter except for mild to moderate white matter edema and inflammation localized to the administration sites of the vector. There were no clinical sequelae to these localized findings. TPP-I activity was >2 SD over background in 31.7±8.1% of brain at 90 days. These findings establish the dose and safety profile for human clinical studies for the treatment of LINCL with AAVrh.10hCLN2.
Replicated data management in distributed database systems (1988)

Replication is the key factor in improving the availability of data in distributed systems. Replicated data is stored at multiple sites so that it can be accessed by the user even when some of the copies are not available due to site failures. A major restriction to using replication is that replicated copies must behave like a single copy, i.e., mutual consistency as well as internal consistency must be preserved. Synchronization techniques for replicated data in distributed database systems have been studied in order to increase the degree of concurrency and to reduce the possibility of transaction rollback. In this paper, we classify different synchronization methods by underlying mechanisms and the type of information they use in ordering the operations of transactions, and survey some of the replication management methods appeared in the literature.
Preparation of Data for Restoration of Dangsan Forests and Rural Community Forests from the Case Study of Hanbam and Goiran Villages (2007)

This study aims to understand the characteristics of dangsan forests and rural community forests (RCF), and seek for a landscape management scheme. Dangsan forests and RCF have been maintained by local residents since hundreds of years ago. However, many of them have been disturbed. The case sites were derived from the twenty villages previous investigated where dangsan forests and RCF's remainrd. The two sites were remodelled to restore what have been degraded. Hanbam village has maintained its dangsan forest with good management practices, whereas the dangsan forest and RCF of Goiran village showed relatively poor management. The size of dangsan forest at hanbam village was 13,784, and major tree species was Pinus densiflora. In total, 151 trees with more than 30cm in DBH were standing on the site. As a cultural activity, the dangsan festival have been held in January by lunar calendar to the 2005 at the Jindongdan, a dangsan tree made of stone. The RCF of Hanbam village has disappeared due to the event of landslide in 1930, which needs to be restored. Goiran village has a dangsan forest and a RCF. The forests in Goiran village revealed many problems due to bad management practice. The prototype of the dangsan forest was deteriorated by introduced Prunus serrulata and the facilities for physical training. A systematic management scheme for dangsan forests and RCF's should be established with a close partnership among local residents, experts, and local government.
Online Inverter Fault Diagnosis of Buck-Converter BLDC Motor Combinations (2014)

Brushless dc (BLDC) motors are commonly used in space application for its simplicity and high reliability. The fault-tolerant control (FTC) of the motor is important for its continuous operating capacity even under the faulty situation. The fault diagnosis should be achieved in advance in order to implement the FTC strategy. This paper proposes an online model-based inverter fault diagnosis method for three-phase full bridge inverter with buck dc-dc converter based on the high-speed BLDC motor with low inductance and nonideal back electromotive force in a magnetically suspended control moment gyro. The method can detect and identify both open-circuit and short-circuit damages of single switch in buck converter or three-phase full bridge. Also, protective measures are proposed to isolate the fault and avoid the secondary fault. Both simulation and experimental results are taken out to prove the validity and effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis method.
Circulating Biomarker Panels in Alzheimer's Disease (2015)

The early diagnosis of diseases frequently represents an important unmet clinical need supporting in-time treatment of pathologies. This also applies to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, estimated to affect millions of individuals worldwide. The respective diagnostic and prognostic markers, especially for the preclinical stages of AD, are expected to improve patients' outcome significantly. In the last decades, many approaches to detecting AD have been developed, including markers to discover changes in amyloid-β levels [from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or using positron emission tomography] or other brain imaging technologies such as structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional-connectivity MRI or task-related functional MRI. A major challenge is the detection of AD using minimally or even noninvasive biomarkers from body fluids such as plasma or serum. Circulating biomarker candidates based on mRNAs or proteins measured from blood cells, plasma or serum have been proposed for various pathologies including AD. As for other diseases, there is a tendency to use marker signatures obtained by high-throughput approaches, which allow the generation of profiles of hundreds to thousands of biomarkers simultaneously [microarrays, mass spectrometry or next-generation sequencing (NGS)]. Beyond mRNAs and proteins, recent approaches have measured small noncoding RNA (so-called microRNA) profiles in AD patients' blood samples using NGS or array-based technologies. Generally, the development of marker panels is in its early stages and requires further, substantial clinical validation. In this review, we provide an overview of different circulating AD biomarkers, starting with a brief summary of CSF markers and focusing on novel biomarker signatures such as small noncoding RNA profiles.
Dynamic traffic grooming: the changing role of traffic grooming (2007)

Traffic grooming refers to the techniques used to aggregate subwavelength traffic onto high speed lightpaths, while at the same time minimizing some measure of network cost, usually optoelectronic equipment cost. In the last few years, traffic grooming has come to be recognized as an important research area, and has produced extensive literature. Recently, the dynamic traffic grooming problem, where traffic carried in the network varies with the time, has gained in interest. This is because of the growing applicability of QoS concerns and associated network design methodologies in networks closer to the indivdual users than backbone networks, where the traffic cannot be well modeled as essentially static. A number of studies in this area have recently appeared in the literature, but there is as yet no good resource that introduces a reader to the problem in all its forms, and provides a review of the literature. In this paper, we fill this void by presenting a comprehensive survey of the literature in this emerging topic, and indicating some essential further directions of research in dynamic traffic grooming.
Interaction of a cellular 57-kilodalton protein with the internal translation initiation site of foot-and-mouth disease virus (1991)

A cellular 57-kDa protein (p57) that binds specifically to the internal translation initiation site in the 5' untranslated region of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA was detected in cell extracts of different mammalian species by UV cross-linking. The protein binds to two distinct sites of the translation control region which have as the only common sequence a UUUC motif. The first binding site consists of a conserved hairpin structure, whereas the second binding site contains an essential pyrimidine-rich region without obvious secondary structure. Competition experiments indicate that the complexes with the two binding sites were formed by a single p57 species. The protein binds also to the 5' untranslated region of other picornaviruses. Results from footprint analyses with foot-and-mouth disease RNA suggest the participation of additional cellular factors in the translation initiation complex.
Simple Preparation of Nitroso Benzenes and Nitro Benzenes by Oxidation of Anilines with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Catalysed with Molybdenum Salts (2004)

Nitroso arenes 2a-k are prepared in 53-80% yield from anilines 1a-k by oxidation with H2O2 catalysed with MoO3/KOH, ammonium molybdate or other molybdenum salts. Further oxidation to nitro arenes 3a,d,j in 66-90% is also described.
RLIP76, a Glutathione-Conjugate Transporter, Plays a Major Role in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome (2011)

All four drugs, rosiglitazone, metformin, gemfibrozil and atorvastatin failed to affect glucose and lipid metabolism in RLIP76⁻/⁻ mice. Studies confirmed a model in which RLIP76 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of MSy and RLIP76 loss causes profound and global alterations of MSy signaling functions. RLIP76 is a novel target for single-molecule therapeutics for metabolic syndrome.
Preparation of 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde by the Vilsmeier-Haack Reaction (1996)

Abstract An efficient synthesis of 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (1) from resorcinol via the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction has been developed. Either phosphorous oxychloride/DMF or oxalyl chloride/DMF produces 1 in yields of 65–75%. The intermediate formamidinium salts have been characterized.
Efficacies of Chlorine Dioxide and Iodophor Teat Dips During Experimental Challenge with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae (2000)

We tested two postmilking teat dips for efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae using experimental challenge procedures recommended by the National Mastitis Council. The chlorine dioxide teat dip that contained 0.7% sodium chlorite reduced the number of new intramammary infections (IMI) caused by Staph. aureus by 86.6% and reduced new IMI caused by Strep. agalactiae by 88.4%. The 0.5% iodophor teat dip reduced the number of new IMI caused by Staph. aureus by 92.9% and reduced the number of new IMI caused by Strep. agalactiae by 43.4%. Teat skin and teat end conditions were evaluated before and after the study, and no deleterious effects were noted among dipped quarters compared with undipped control quarters for either teat dip.
Novel Waveform Generation Principle for short-range FMCW-Radars (2009)

The FMCW-radar-principle is widely used for short range radar systems. The basic idea for FMCW-radars is to generate a linear frequency ramp as transmit signal. There are too widely used principles for range-Doppler-processing: generation of ramps with different slopes and generation of a sequence of short ramps processed by a two-dimensional FFT. The developed ramp generation sequence also applies two-dimensional Fourier transforms, but allows to reduce the baseband bandwidth. The principle can be also regarded as an extension of a frequency stepped-CW-radar with intertwined ramps. In the following the method is derived for systems with and without I/Q-demodulator and first measurement results on a 24 GHz-system are presented. The waveform generator has been implemented on a FPGA.
A dose‐effect study of the in vivo inhibitory effect of quinidine on sparteine oxidation in man. (1990)

1. Twelve healthy extensive metabolisers of sparteine were sparteine tested daily for 6 days (19.00 h to 07.00 h). A small but statistically significant rise in sparteine metabolic ratio (MR) was observed. 2. Following 100 mg quinidine sulphate given to four of the subjects at 16.00 h, sparteine tests were carried out 19.00 h to 07.00 h on the same day and then daily for 6 days. Quinidine caused an immediate twenty-fold increase in sparteine-MR which then gradually returned to normal over the following 4-6 days. Quinidine concentrations in plasma were measurable only up to 20 h after the quinidine test dose. 3. At weekly intervals, all 12 subjects received single doses of quinidine sulphate of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg at 16.00 h, each time followed by a sparteine test 19.00 h to 07.00 h on the same day. A clear dose-effect relationship was found with a significant rise in the sparteine-MR even after 5 mg quinidine. After 80 mg quinidine, 8 of 12 subjects became phenotypically poor metabolisers (MR greater than 20).
467. The electronic orbitals, shapes, and spectra of polyatomic molecules. Part II. Non-hydride AB2 and BAC molecules (1953)

A. D. Walsh, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 2266 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530002266
Fabrication and Microstructure Tuning of a Pyrimidine-Bridged Organoalkoxysilane Membrane for CO<sub>2</sub> Separation (2017)

A novel pyrimidine-bridged organoalkoxysilane membrane was developed from 4,6-bis(3-(triethoxysilyl)-1-propoxy)-1,3-pyrimidine (BTPP) via a sol–gel process. Self-catalyzed and HCl-catalyzed BTPP sols with different water molar ratios were prepared for membrane formation to tailor the microstructure of the BTPP membranes. A higher water molar ratio for the HCl-catalyzed sols led to the formation of a silica network with improved porosity and a well-connected structure. Gas adsorption measurements indicated that BTPP xerogels tended to show a dense silica network due to an organic-rich hybrid structure, and these also showed a higher level of CO2/N2 selectivity due to the presence of pyrimidine groups that could conduct special interactions with CO2. Single-gas permeation testing was performed at different permeation temperatures using gases with different kinetic diameters: He (2.6 Å), H2 (2.89 Å), CO2 (3.3 Å), N2 (3.64 Å), CH4 (3.8 Å), and SF6 (5.5 Å). The BTPP membranes showed a sharp kinetic diameter dependence of gas permeance with a higher level of H2/SF6 selectivity (>500). In addition, the relatively dense silica network and organic-rich properties of BTPP membranes resulted in activated diffusion for all gases considered, with the exception of SF6 that could have permeated the BTPP membranes via larger pores or pinholes. CO2 transport behaviors through BTPP membranes were compared according to activation energies for the permeation (Ep) of CO2 and by the differences in Ep between CO2 and N2 (or CH4). The BTPP-HCl-240 membrane that demonstrated the most-improved porosity and the best-connected silica network showed a lower Ep for CO2 and a greater difference in Ep between CO2 and N2 (or CH4). As a result, the BTPP-HCl-240 membrane exhibited great potential in CO2 separation performance for both CO2 permeance and CO2/gas permselectivity. Compared with most of the reported amine-functionalized silica-based membranes, BTPP membranes showed great potential in CO2 separation performance, which could lead to applications in CO2 separation processes.
Genetic Changes of Wnt Pathway Genes Are Common Events in Metaplastic Carcinomas of the Breast (2008)

Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is common in this specific subtype of breast carcinoma. The discovery of CTNNB1, APC, and WISP3 mutations may result in new treatments for patients with metaplastic carcinomas of the breast.