gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B-type natriuretic peptide in lymphedema. (2011)

Lymphedema often responds to compression therapy which can also cause undesirable cardiac overload if heart failure coexists. We hypothesized that the biomarker B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) can be used to screen lymphedema patients for undetected cardiac dysfunction. We studied unselected consecutive patients with lymphedema to determine their BNP status and compared these data with those obtained from healthy subjects without known cardiovascular diseases. Out of a total of 305 subjects with lymphedema screened, 102 (33%) consented to take part in this study. The majority (87%) were female with a mean age of 60.5 +/- 13.2 (SD) years, and 47% had just lower limb swelling. The groups were equally divided between cancer and non-cancer related causes. There were 45 females and 4 males under 60 years old, and 44 female and 9 male patients over 60 years old. Median (IQR) BNP (ng/L) were as follows: <60 years females = 17.9 (15.2) (median [RR: 3 - 64] and males = 12.4 (14.7) [RR: 0.2 - 44], >60 years females = 35.8 (57.9) [RR: 2 -247)] and males = 47.2 (44.1) [RR: 2 - 238]. For this population, the BNP concentration 100 ng/L was adopted as the value to exclude heart failure. Using this definition, 7 lymphedema subjects had BNP concentrations of 120 (19.8) ng/L, and all were found to have cardiac abnormalities on echocardiography. This study demonstrated that 93% of unselected subjects with lymphedema had BNP concentrations that exclude a diagnosis of heart failure. Those subjects with elevated BNP were found on subsequent echocardiography to have cardiac abnormalities. The use of a BNP assay is of potential value in screening patients who are more likely to have cardiac failure. Indicative factors include bilateral leg swelling, over the age of 50 years, breathlessness, where there is no known cause for the swelling. A BNP assay using a BNP concentration threshold of 100 ng/L (29 pmol/L) will identify those patients who require more detailed investigations.
Active phase‐shifting interferometers for shape and deformation measurements (1996)

We have developed active interferometers in which fringes are stabilized by detecting their movement induced by external perturbations such as mechanical vibration or air flow with a spatial filtering detector and by feeding back the signal to a piezoelectric mirror of the interferometer. We also extended the system to active phase-shifting interferometers by which the fringe shifts are monitored in real time to be delivered accurately for automatic analysis even in the presence of external perturbations or temperature drift of the piezoelectric element. By applying these feedback controls to a Twymann-Green interferometer placed on a wooden desk we could measure the flatness of a mirror with almost the same peak-to-valley and root-mean-square values as measured on an optical bench. Only their repeatability was worse, by three times. We also applied the method to a dual-beam speckle interferometer and could measure in-plane displacement even in the presence of air flow generated by a fan, which prevented measurement without feedback. It has proved to be especially useful for measurement of large displacement by integrating incremental displacements.
Inverse relation between amylin and glucagon secretion in healthy and diabetic human subjects (2003)

The inverse correlation between amylin and glucagon secretion suggests that amylin modulates glucagon secretion following oral glucose administration. This study proves for the first time a role of endogenous amylin in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
Patellar tracking measurement in the normal knee (1995)

Eleven fresh frozen cadaveric knee specimens were mounted in a knee kinematics test device, and normal patellar movements were evaluated with use of an external device for direct measurement of patellar movements. The effects of four different measurement conditions were assessed through alteration of one condition and determination of its effect on patellar kinematics with the use of six specimens. The four conditions included (a) change of the measuring axis from an axis parallel to the central axis of the femur (femoral axis) to one parallel to the central axis of the tibia (tibial axis), (b) rotation of the femoral axis internally 6 degrees, (c) change of the direction of the quadriceps force from parallel to the mechanical line of the lower extremity to a direction parallel to the femoral shaft, and (d) increase of the magnitude of the quadriceps force from 111 to 500 N. During knee flexion, the patella shifted laterally after a slight initial medial shift, tilted laterally from midflexion to 90 degrees, and gradually rotated medially. The patellar shift relative to the tibial axis appeared to be more medial than the shift measured relative to the femoral axis; the discrepancy was caused by the valgus position of the tibia relative to the femur. Changing the rotational angle of the femoral axis artificially changed the patellar position. Varying the direction of the quadriceps within the narrow range and increasing the quadriceps force did not affect patellar movements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Site-Specific Mutagenesis of the Human Interleukin-1β Gene: The Role of Arginine Residue at the N-Terminal Region (1988)

Using the expression system for site-specific mutagenesis in Escherichia coli, we have made deletion mutants at the N-terminal or C-terminal region of human interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) consisting of 153 amino acids. The truncated mutants showed that at least 147 amino acids (numbers 4-150) in IL-1 beta are necessary for the exertion of biological activity. When we changed the arginine at the 4th position (Arg4) in IL-1 beta to other specific amino acids, there was a marked difference in the relative extent of biological and receptor binding activities among the mutants. The order of the mutants was Arg4 = Lys4 greater than Gln4 greater than Gly4 = des-Arg4 greater than Asp4. Our results demonstrate that the arginine residue at the 4th position in IL-1 beta is important, but not essential, for IL-1 beta to exhibit its biological and receptor binding activities, and the positive charge at this site plays a key role for IL-1 beta to exert the activities.
Monoclonal antibody against A1 Lewis d antigen produced by the hybridoma immunized with a pulmonary carcinoma. (1982)

A monoclonal antibody (CALed) against a human pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma line was cytotoxic to the line but did not react to an autologous B-lymphoblastoid line. Although the antibody was thought to be cancer specific, principally on the basis of this evidence, the antibody actually had the A1 Lewis d (Led) specificity. It reacted with approximately 2% of the random donor T-lymphocytes and with all six lymphocytes from donors who were A1 Led type without reacting to lymphocytes of any other type. The monoclonal antibody reactivity was also absorbed out by A1 Led red blood cells but not by red cells of other types. We conclude that the A1 Led antigen had been synthesized by the pulmonary carcinoma lines but not by the autologous lymphoblastoid line, resulting in disparity for this antigen. Since the combination A1 Led only occurs in 2% of the population, it is difficult to distinguish this type of antibody from tumor-specific antibodies.
On variable-length error-correcting codes (2002)

A different viewpoint on variable-length error correcting (VLEC) codes is presented, as compared to that found in the literature. Consequently, a maximum likelihood decoding algorithm for binary VLEC codes over the binary symmetric channel (BSC) is derived. It is shown that this algorithm achieves significant coding gain over the /spl alpha/-prompt decoding introduced by Hartnett et. Al. (1990), at the expense of increased complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lithium Distribution in Aluminum-Free Cubic Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (2011)

Li sites and occupancies are determined by neutron diffraction of cubic Al-free Li7La3Zr2O12. Maximum 7.5 Li per formula unit in the garnet formwork can be determined from the model, with half of the tetrahedral sites vacant and long-range ordered.
Lipoproteomics II: Mapping of proteins in high‐density lipoprotein using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (2005)

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the most abundant lipoprotein particle in the plasma and a negative risk factor of atherosclerosis. By using a proteomic approach it is possible to obtain detailed information about its protein content and protein modifications that may give new information about the physiological roles of HDL. In this study the two subfractions; HDL(2) and HDL(3), were isolated by two-step discontinuous density-gradient ultracentrifugation and the proteins were separated with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified with peptide mass fingerprinting, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry. Identified proteins in HDL were: the dominating apo A-I as six isoforms, four of them with a glycosylation pattern and one of them with retained propeptide, apolipoprotein (apo) A-II, apo A-IV, apo C-I, apo C-II, apo C-III (two isoforms), apo E (five isoforms), the recently discovered apo M (two isoforms), serum amyloid A (two isoforms) and serum amyloid A-IV (six isoforms). Furthermore, alpha-1-antitrypsin was identified in HDL for the first time. Additionally, salivary alpha-amylase was identified as two isoforms in HDL(2), and apo L and a glycosylated apo A-II were identified in HDL(3). Besides confirming the presence of different apolipoproteins, this study indicates new patterns of glycosylated apo A-I and apo A-II. Furthermore, the study reveals new proteins in HDL; alpha-1-antitrypsin and salivary alpha-amylase. Further investigations about these proteins may give new insight into the functional role of HDL in coronary artery diseases.
Traffic performance of the wireless channel-oriented ad-hoc multi-hop broadband system (2005)

The TDMA based W-CHAMB (wireless channel-oriented ad-hoc multi-hop broadband system) operates with a fully distributed access control, providing QoS (quality of service) and multi-hop support. It is aimed to be a candidate solution for future mesh networks. The ARQ (automatic repeat request) protocol, located in the RLC (radio link control) sub layer of the W-CHAMB protocol stack, is employed to offer reliable transmission services for the upper layer, sometimes helping the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to perform well over the radio interface. We implemented an ARQ scheme by taking advantage of the on-demand-TDD feature of the W-CHAMB MAC (media access control) protocol. The behaviour of the protocol has been investigated using an event-driven simulator. The peer-to-peer transmission performance on a single hop is presented by studying the impact of the window size, the acknowledgement mechanism and the maximum transmission buffer size on throughput and packet delay. The traffic performance of multichannel transmission is also presented.
Use of the Forced Oscillation Technique to Assess Airway Obstruction and Reversibility in Children (2000)

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is particularly attractive in a pediatric setting as it requires only passive cooperation from the child. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of this method for detecting airway obstruction and its reversibility in 313 children (3 to 16 yr of age) with asthma or chronic nocturnal cough. Baseline and post-bronchodilator (n = 251) resistance were measured (R(0)) with the FOT. Baseline R(0) was normalized for height and weight [R(0)(SD)]. In children able to perform forced expiratory maneuvers (n = 181), R(0)(SD) was independently correlated with FEV(1) (p < 0.02) and maximal expiratory flow at 50% (MEF(50)) (p < 0.004). The optimal R(0)(SD) cutoff value given by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to discriminate between children with baseline FEV(1) < 80% or >/= 80% of predicted values yielded 84% sensitivity and 73% specificity. Post-bronchodilator changes in R(0)(SD) [DeltaR(0)(SD)] were mostly correlated to changes in MEF(50). The optimal DeltaR(0)(SD) cutoff value to discriminate between children with the presence or absence of significant reversibility in FEV(1) yielded 69% sensitivity and 78% specificity. In children unable to perform forced expiratory maneuvers (n = 132), this DeltaR(0)(SD) cutoff clearly identified a subgroup of young children with high R(0) values at baseline, that returned to normal after bronchodilation. We conclude that FOT measurements allow reliable evaluation of bronchial obstruction and its reversibility in asthmatic children over 3 yr old.
Earlier onset of QRS in anterior precordial ECG leads: precision of time interval measurements. (1976)

Onset of QRS was compared between simultaneously recorded conventional ECG leads in 84 subjects with clinically normal hearts from a defined population sample. Mean onset of QRS was 6.4 msec earlier in lead V1 and 7.4 msec earlier in V2 than in lead II. These differences were statistically significant. The measuring system was adapted from drafting techniques and took into account variations in paper speed which occurred during recording. Interobserver differences equivalent to greater than 1 msec occurred in 3.9% of timeline measurements, but in in 38% of QRS onset measurements. The lower precision in measuring QRS onset may be attributed to baseline oscillations and to the relatively slow rate of voltage change at the onset of ventricular depolarization.
Desyl Esters of Amino Acid Neurotransmitters. Phototriggers for Biologically Active Neurotransmitters (1996)

The application of the desyl or 2-oxo-1,2-diphenylethyl moiety as a photolabile ligand for the release of phosphates such as cAMP and inorganic phosphate (Pi)1,2 is extended to include selected excitatory amino acids. The synthesis and photochemical studies of N- and O-desyl-caged versions of the endogenous amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are reported. Photolysis at 350 nm of solutions of γ-O-desyl glutamate (11) and O-desyl GABA (14) in 1:1 H2O−acetonitrile cleanly produced free glutamate and GABA, respectively, with rate constants of ca. 107 s-1; 2-phenylbenzo[b]furan (2) was the only photobyproduct detected by HPLC. Photolysis quantum efficiencies for the disappearance of O-desyl amino acid esters were in the range of 0.29−0.31, and the appearance efficiencies of furan 2 (and the corresponding amino acid) were 0.14. The photolysis of 14 was efficiently quenched with sodium 2-naphthalenesulfonate, yielding a triplet lifetime of ca. 10 ns. Photolysis of 11 in mammalian brain tissue slices resulted in glutamate receptor activation, as indicated by whole cell electrophysiological measurements. Photolysis of the other desyl amino acids resulted in decomposition and produced several products but did not lead to the formation of furan 2.
Fault Injection Modeling Attacks on 65 nm Arbiter and RO Sum PUFs via Environmental Changes (2014)

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are emerging as hardware security primitives. So-called strong PUFs provide a mechanism to authenticate chips which is inherently unique for every manufactured sample. To prevent cloning, modeling of the challenge-response pair (CRP) behavior should be infeasible. Machine learning (ML) algorithms are a well-known threat. Recently, repeatability imperfections of PUF responses have been identified as another threat. CMOS device noise renders a significant fraction of the CRPs unstable, hereby providing a side channel for modeling attacks. In previous work, 65 nm arbiter PUFs have been modeled as such with accuracies exceeding 97%. However, more PUF evaluations were required than for state-of-the-art ML approaches. In this work, we accelerate repeatability attacks by increasing the fraction of unstable CRPs. Response evaluation faults are triggered via environmental changes hereby. The attack speed, which is proportional to the fraction of unstable CRPs, increases with a factor 2.4 for both arbiter and ring oscillator (RO) sum PUFs. Data originates from a 65 nm silicon chip and hence not from simulations.
Mechanical Regulation of Stem Cell Differentiation on Geometrically Modulated Elastomeric Substrates (2010)

We report the use of micromolded elastomeric micropost arrays to modulate substrate rigidity independently of effects on adhesive and other material surface properties. We demonstrate that micropost rigidity impacts cell morphology, focal adhesions, cytoskeletal contractility, and stem cell differentiation. Furthermore, these micropost arrays reveal that changes in cytoskeletal contractility can precede stem cell differentiation and be utilized as a non-destructive predictor for fate decisions at the single cell level.
Impact of Tunnel Oxide Thickness on Erratic Erase in Flash Memories (2002)

Fowler-Nordheim erase in Flash Memories is intrinsically affected by the erratic phenomenonwhose origin has physical aspects that are still obscure. This work presents new experimental results showing the impact of the oxide thickness on the erratic erase during cycling. The collected statistical results play a key role for the study of the charging/discharging properties of tunneling oxides.
Excitation dynamics: insights from simplified membrane models. (1985)

Excitable nerve membranes and models for their electrical activity exhibit a broad repertoire of dynamic behavior. To reveal these behaviors the theoretician seeks a model that is simple enough to analyze yet one that retains adequate biophysical realism. Here we strike such a balance by describing a two-variable simplification of the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model, which exhibits many membrane phenomena and reproduces, with good agreement, many HH responses. Comparisons and illustrations are presented for the single spike response, repetitive firing (and its cessation by a brief current pulse), and bistable behavior for increased extracellular K+ concentrations.
Impact of Pulsed Electrochemical Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> on the Formation of C<sub>2+</sub> Products over Cu (2020)

We report the results of experimental and theoretical studies aimed at developing a detailed understanding of how pulsed electrolysis alters the production of the temporal evolution of products over Cu and in particular increases the formation of C2+ products. The catalyst is a Cu film sputtered onto the surface of a PTFE membrane, through which the products of CO2 reduction are sampled for analysis by differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy (DEMS). To avoid changes in the catalyst morphology, the cathode potential is set at −0.8 V vs RHE and −1.15 V vs RHE. We find that the faradaic efficiency (FE) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) minimizes and that for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) maximizes when the durations at each potential are 10 s. Under these conditions, the FE for the HER decreases to 11%, relative to 22% for static electrolysis, at −1.15 V vs RHE, and the FE for the CO2RR increases to 89%, relative to 78% for static electrolysis. Pulsed electrolysis also increases the FE for C2+ products from 68% for static electrolysis to 81%. Temporal analysis of the products by DEMS reveals that while the variation in product concentrations near the cathode begins in synchrony at the start of pulsed electrolysis, the concentration of C2H4 increases and those of CO and H2 decrease with extended time. We attribute these trends to an increase in the ratio of adsorbed CO to H on the catalyst surface. Simulation of pulsed electrolysis also shows that during the period when the cathode is at −0.8 V vs RHE, the local concentration of CO2 in the electrolyte near the cathode builds up. This inventory then allows electrolysis during the period at −1.15 V vs RHE to occur with a higher CO2 concentration than could be achieved for static electrolysis. The net effect of alternating cathode potentials is to enhance the local concentration of CO2, which favors the progress of the CO2RR relative to the HER and in particular the formation of C2+ products.
Data processing pipeline for a time-sampled imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (2004)

Imaging Fourier transform spectrometers (IFTS) are becoming the preferred systems for remote sensing spectral imaging applications because of their ability to provide, simultaneously, both high spatial and spectral resolution images of a scene. IFTS can be operated in either step-and-integrate or rapid-scan modes, where it is common practice to sample interferograms at equal optical path difference intervals. The step-and-integrate mode requires a translation stage with fast and precise point-to-point motion and additional external trigger circuitry for the detector focal plane array (FPA), and produces uniformly position-sampled interferograms which can be analyzed using standard FFT routines. In the rapid-scan mode, the translation stage is continuously moving and interferograms are often acquired at the frame-rate of the FPA. Since all translation stages have associated velocity errors, the resulting interferograms are sampled at non-uniform intervals of optical path difference, which requires more sophisticated analysis. This paper discusses the processing pipeline which is being developed for the analysis of the non-uniform rapid-scan data produced by the Herschel/SPIRE IFTS.
Gyrator implementation with integrable current conveyors (1971)

An easily integrable circuit implementation of a current conveyor is presented. A low frequency high-Q gyrator realization employing current conveyor building blocks is discussed. Circuit design techniques to alleviate semiconductor device limitations are considered.
Biometric verification using the motion of fingers: a combination of physical and behavioural biometrics (2010)

Although verification using traditional behavioural biometrics provides many advantages, this approach is often inaccurate owing to a lack of repeatability. We, therefore, propose a new method of biometric verification using one of the most repeated motions of the body: the bending motion of fingers. The proposed verification method combined both physical and behavioural biometrics in an attempt to differentiate individuals based on temporal continuity and static profiles. In the algorithm, curvature profiles (biological data) and finger joint angles (dynamic data) were calculated from the binary image edge pixels of the forefinger. In the comparison step, the biological data were compared only when the dynamic data of the probe data were consistent with the reference data. On the basis of our validation, we confirmed the repeatability of the bending motion of the finger, and demonstrated that our proposed method is sufficiently accurate for the initial validation of this biometric verification system.
Expression and a role of functionally coupled P2Y receptors in human dendritic cells (1999)

We investigated the physiology and function of P2Y receptors expressed in human dendritic cells (DCs) differentiated in vitro from CD14+ cells (DC-14). These were obtained after a 10 day stimulation period in GM-CSF, IL-4 and monocyte conditioned medium. DC-14 were found to express high amounts of MHC class II, B7, CD40 as well as CD83. The functional analysis, using single cell Ca2+ imaging, demonstrated the expression of at least three subtypes of P2Y receptors. We further found using patch-clamp measurements that ATP evoked a pertussis toxin insensitive non-selective cation current with a peak current amplitude of -276+/-43 pA (holding potential -80 mV, n = 23). This current was not Ca(2+)-activated, since it was still observed under conditions of high intracellular Ca2+ buffering and could be blocked by Gd3+ (0.5 mM). In addition, intracellular application of GTP-gamma-S (0.3 mM) also activated the current. Interestingly, DC-14 redirected the orientation of their dendrites as well as cell shape towards a pipette containing ATP as observed with time lapse microscopy. These data suggest that in human DCs, ATP acts via P2Y receptors and induces chemokine effects.