gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prosthetic vision: devices, patient outcomes and retinal research (2015)

Retinal disease and its associated retinal degeneration can lead to the loss of photoreceptors and therefore, profound blindness. While retinal degeneration destroys the photoreceptors, the neural circuits that convey information from the eye to the brain are sufficiently preserved to make it possible to restore sight using prosthetic devices. Typically, these devices consist of a digital camera and an implantable neurostimulator. The image sensor in a digital camera has the same spatiotopic arrangement as the photoreceptors of the retina. Therefore, it is possible to extract meaningful spatial information from an image and deliver it via an array of stimulating electrodes directly to the surviving retinal circuits. Here, we review the structure and function of normal and degenerate retina. The different approaches to prosthetic implant design are described in the context of human and preclinical trials. In the last section, we review studies of electrical properties of the retina and its response to electrical stimulation. These types of investigation are currently assessing a number of key challenges identified in human trials, including stimulation efficacy, spatial localisation, desensitisation to repetitive stimulation and selective activation of retinal cell populations.
Bivalent Dopamine D<sub>2</sub>Receptor Ligands: Synthesis and Binding Properties (2011)

Dopamine D(2) receptor homodimers might be of particular importance in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and, thus, serve as promising target proteins for the discovery of atypical antipsychotics. A highly attractive approach to investigate and control GPCR dimerization may be provided by the exploration and characterization of bivalent ligands, which can act as molecular probes simultaneously binding two adjacent binding sites of a dimer. The synthesis of bivalent dopamine D(2) receptor ligands of type 1 is presented, incorporating the privileged structure of 1,4-disubstituted aromatic piperidines/piperazines (1,4-DAPs) and triazolyl-linked spacer elements. Radioligand binding studies provided diagnostic insights when Hill slopes close to two for bivalent ligands with particular spacer lengths and a comparative analysis with respective monovalent control ligands and unsymmetrically substituted analogues indicated a bivalent binding mode with a simultaneous occupancy of two neighboring binding sites.
Changes in Nasal Cavity Dimensions in Children and Adults by Gender and Age (2007)

The parameters of intranasal spaces depend on age and gender. The dynamics of the changes is greater in boys than in girls and usually the growth is completed by the age of 16. After this age, nasal cavities are bigger in men than in women.
Characterization, Expression, and Mutation of the <i>Lactococcus lactis galPMKTE</i> Genes, Involved in Galactose Utilization via the Leloir Pathway (2003)

A cluster containing five similarly oriented genes involved in the metabolism of galactose via the Leloir pathway in Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 was cloned and characterized. The order of the genes is galPMKTE, and these genes encode a galactose permease (GalP), an aldose 1-epimerase (GalM), a galactokinase (GalK), a hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GalT), and a UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (GalE), respectively. This genetic organization reflects the order of the metabolic conversions during galactose utilization via the Leloir pathway. The functionality of the galP, galK, galT, and galE genes was shown by complementation studies performed with both Escherichia coli and L. lactis mutants. The GalP permease is a new member of the galactoside-pentose-hexuronide family of transporters. The capacity of GalP to transport galactose was demonstrated by using galP disruption mutant strains of L. lactis MG1363. A galK deletion was constructed by replacement recombination, and the mutant strain was not able to ferment galactose. Disruption of the galE gene resulted in a deficiency in cell separation along with the appearance of a long-chain phenotype when cells were grown on glucose as the sole carbon source. Recovery of the wild-type phenotype for the galE mutant was obtained either by genetic complementation or by addition of galactose to the growth medium.
Investigation of Silicon-Based Nanostructure Morphology and Chemical Termination on Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Performance (2012)

We have evaluated the laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) performance of six nanostructured silicon surfaces of different morphologies and chemical functionalizations. The substrates have been synthesized either by metal-assisted etching method or by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth technique. In addition to the commercial nanostructured silicon-based surface (NALDI) target plates, serving as reference, the homemade surfaces have been evaluated in mass spectrometry experiments conducted with peptide solutions mimicking tryptic digests. LDI surfaces synthesized by metal-assisted etching method were the most efficient in terms of signal intensities and number of detected peptides. The surface providing the best LDI-MS performance was composed of two nanostructured layers. Interestingly, we also observed a significant influence of the type of organic coating (hydrocarbon vs fluorocarbon) on peptide ionization discrimination.
Derivation of the rotation matrix in general rectilinear systems by means of vector and matrix formalism (1996)

A generalized form of a symmetry operator has been derived by vector and matrix formalism in contrast to the tensor or dyadic notation most often used in the literature. The final equation is based on relations between real and reciprocal space familiar to crystallographers. Typical applications of the formula are also provided.
A characterization of processor performance in the VAX-11/780 (1998)

Article A characterization of processor performance in the VAX-11/780 Share on Authors: Joel S. Emer Digital Equipment Corp., 77 Reed Road, Hudson, MA Digital Equipment Corp., 77 Reed Road, Hudson, MAView Profile , Douglas W. Clark Digital Equipment Corp., 295 Foster Street, Littleton, MA Digital Equipment Corp., 295 Foster Street, Littleton, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISCA '98: 25 years of the international symposia on Computer architecture (selected papers)August 1998 Pages 274–283https://doi.org/10.1145/285930.285986Online:01 August 1998Publication History 3citation415DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads415Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Registration of PET and CT images based on multiresolution gradient of mutual information demons algorithm for positioning esophageal cancer patients (2013)

Accurate registration of 18F-FDG PET (positron emission tomography) and CT (computed tomography) images has important clinical significance in radiation oncology. PET and CT images are acquired from (18)F-FDG PET/CT scanner, but the two acquisition processes are separate and take a long time. As a result, there are position errors in global and deformable errors in local caused by respiratory movement or organ peristalsis. The purpose of this work was to implement and validate a deformable CT to PET image registration method in esophageal cancer to eventually facilitate accurate positioning the tumor target on CT, and improve the accuracy of radiation therapy. Global registration was firstly utilized to preprocess position errors between PET and CT images, achieving the purpose of aligning these two images on the whole. Demons algorithm, based on optical flow field, has the features of fast process speed and high accuracy, and the gradient of mutual information-based demons (GMI demons) algorithm adds an additional external force based on the gradient of mutual information (GMI) between two images, which is suitable for multimodality images registration. In this paper, GMI demons algorithm was used to achieve local deformable registration of PET and CT images, which can effectively reduce errors between internal organs. In addition, to speed up the registration process, maintain its robustness, and avoid the local extremum, multiresolution image pyramid structure was used before deformable registration. By quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing cases with esophageal cancer, the registration scheme proposed in this paper can improve registration accuracy and speed, which is helpful for precisely positioning tumor target and developing the radiation treatment planning in clinical radiation therapy application.
Dielectric Properties of Diala D, MIDEL 7131 and THESO Insulating Liquids (2008)

Insulating oils can be used as dielectric materials in a wide range of high voltage applications. Most notable amongst these liquids are naphthenic mineral oils, which are used in elements of pulsed power systems, such as switches and capacitors. Dielectric liquids are also used as energy storage media in pulsed power systems. In this application the use of liquids with higher dielectric permittivities will allow high-density energy storage systems to be developed. A dielectric oil with an unusually high, static relative permittivity of ~15, THESO oil, has been recently developed by Tetra Corp. This paper compares the measured dielectric properties of three types of insulating liquids: Diala D (Shell Ltd), ester liquid MIDEL 7131 and the high permittivity oil THESO. The study includes measurements of their relative permittivities, their electrical conductivities and their impulse dielectric strength. The data obtained on the dielectric characteristics of these liquids will be important for the optimisation of their applications in high voltage and pulsed power systems.
Diffusion of actin filaments within a thin layer between two walls (2004)

Diffusion of the protein filaments F -actin confined in a thin layer between two walls is studied using the methods of single filament fluorescence imaging and particle tracking. The translational and rotational diffusion coefficients are measured for F -actin of lengths in the range of 1.5-5 microm. The length dependence of the measured diffusion coefficients is consistent with the predicted two-dimensional projection of the diffusion of a cylinder in an unbounded fluid. Fits based on the formulas for diffusion in the bulk fluid yield higher apparent viscosity values than that of the buffer solution by a factor of 2 for a layer thickness between 0.7 and 1.6 microm. We show that the measured results can be accounted for by correction based on the hydrodynamic theory of a long cylinder between confining walls.
Elastomeric Compounds with Silica. Lower Hysteresis in the Presence of Functionalised Isoprene Oligomers (2006)

Abstract Silica as reinforcing filler brings about a low hysteresis in elastomeric compounds. Aim of this work was to promote a better silica‐elastomer interaction by using, as minor ingredients of a compound, isoprene oligomers having a functional group as the chain end. The effect of the functionality was investigated by analysing the complex viscosity of silica‐oligomers binary mixtures as well as the morphological and rheological properties of masterbatches and compounds based on isoprene rubbers. A better silica dispersion and a lower Payne effect were clearly observed in the presence of functionalized oligomers.
Resolution and purification of a neurofilament-specific kinase. (1989)

Both in vivo and in vitro, neurofilaments (NFs) are among the most highly phosphorylated proteins known. The majority of the NF phosphorylation sites reside on the carboxyl-terminal tails of the proteins. We have isolated and characterized an effector-independent neurofilament-specific protein kinase from bovine spinal cord that is associated with the NF complex and exhibits a marked substrate specificity for NF-H, the largest subunit of the NF triplet. This kinase activity emerges from a NF-conjugated affinity column coincident with a 67-kDa doublet on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels and has a purity of greater than 90%. The purified enzyme exclusively phosphorylates NF-H tails and is dependent on prior phosphorylation of this molecule. The enzyme is also not autophosphorylated. While the molecular properties and substrate specificities of the NF kinase distinguish it from cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, Ca2+/calmodulin kinase, and casein kinases I and II, it exhibits certain properties similar to, but different from, the growth-associated histone H1 kinase. The molecular properties and specific sequence requirements of the NF kinase suggest that this enzyme could play a pivotal role in the phosphorylation of NFs in normal and pathological states such as Alzheimer disease, where NFs are hyperphosphorylated.
Transcriptional analyses of baculovirus polyhedrin and foreign gene expression relative to baculovirus p10 mRNA levels (1991)

Comparisons have been made between the p10 and polyhedrin mRNA levels recovered from Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). In molar terms and from 18 h post-infection (p.i.), the polyhedrin mRNA species increased to levels one and a half times to twice as high as the p10 levels. The influence of the polyhedrin leader sequence on the expression of a foreign gene under the control of the polyhedrin promoter was investigated using a series of four recombinant baculoviruses expressing the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleocapsid (N) protein gene. The different recombinants varied in the length and composition of the upstream polyhedrin mRNA leader sequence. The recombinant containing the full-length polyhedrin leader sequence gave levels of N mRNA comparable to those of AcNPV polyhedrin mRNA. These levels were either equal to (12 h p.i.) or higher (18 to 42 h p.i.) than the p10 levels at corresponding times. Three other recombinants, with different lengths of leader sequence, accumulated significantly lower quantities of N mRNA in comparison to the p10 mRNA levels. However the mRNA levels for the three recombinants were similar (20 to 50% of the p10 level) and did not correspond to their N protein expression levels. By comparing the mRNA and protein levels, it is concluded that the sequence between -8 to +1 of the AcNPV polyhedrin translation-initiating ATG has an important function for mRNA transcription (or accumulation), while the sequences between -32 to -8 affect the overall translation efficiencies.
Reviews Of Books (1948)

Reviews Of Books Dr. I. H. Gosses. Verspreide Geschriften. Bezorgd door F. GOSSES en J. F. NIERMEYER. (Groningen: Wolters, 1946.) C. JOHNSON C. JOHNSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXIII, Issue CCXLVII, April 1948, Pages 255–257, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXIII.CCXLVII.255 Published: 01 April 1948
Higher-efficiency Si LED's with standard CMOS technology (2002)

Multi-junction silicon light emitting devices (Si LED's) were designed and realised by using standard 1.2 micron and 2 micron CMOS processes with a bipolar capability and with no modifications to the processes. The designs were optimised to increase the power conversion efficiency, quantum conversion efficiency, intensity of emission and also the uniformity of emission. The devices emit light of several nW per 5 to 10 mA at 4-30 V in the 450 to 850 nm wavelength range. All the devices operated with at least one pn junction in the field emission or avalanche breakdown mode. Quantum conversion efficiencies of up to 1/spl times/10/sup -5/ have been measured which is two and a half orders to three orders of magnitude higher than previously published values for light emission from Si p-n avalanching junctions. Some directional light emission characteristics were also observed. The developed devices are viable for on-chip electro-optical applications and also for high speed chip-to-environment electro-optical applications.
Brown-Roberts-Wells Stereotactic Frame Modifications to Accomplish Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guidance in Three Planes (1987)

The Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) computer tomography (CT) stereotactic guidance system has been modified to accommodate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A smaller head ring, which fits in standard MRI head coils, is constructed of a non-ferromagnetic aluminum ring that is split to prevent eddy currents and anodized to prevent MRI image distortion and resolution degradation. A new localizing device has been designed in a box configuration, which allows BRW stereotactic coordinates to be calculated from coronal and sagittal MRI images, in addition to axial images. The system was tested utilizing a phantom and T1- and T2-weighted images. Using 5-mm MRI scan slices, targets were localized accurately to a 5-mm cube in three combined planes. Optimized calibration of both low field strength (0.3 T) and high field strength (1.5 T) MRI systems is necessary to obtain thin slice (5 mm) images with acceptable image resolution. To date, 10 patients have had MRI stereotactic localization of brain lesions that were better defined by MRI than CT.
A non‐classical ISRE/ISGF3 pathway mediates induction of RANTES gene transcription by type I IFNs (2001)

RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) is a chemoattractant cytokine important in the generation of inflammatory responses and human immunodeficiency virus resistance. In hematopoietic cells, RANTES is over-expressed by type I interferons (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). The upstream region of the RANTES gene promoter contains a distal low affinity IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE). Specific mutagenesis in this ISRE-like motif abolished the activation of RANTES transcription by type I IFNs. Examination of the ISRE binding factors strongly suggested that signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)-2 and p48/IFN-stimulated gene factor 3gamma (ISGF3gamma) are not required for the induction of RANTES by type I IFNs. The specific requirement of Stat-1 was demonstrated using Stat-1-deficient U3A cells. These results revealed a non-classical ISRE/ISGF3 signal transduction pathway for the induction of RANTES by type I IFNs.
75 W 40% efficiency single-mode all-fiber erbium-doped laser cladding pumped at 976 nm (2013)

Optimization of Yb-free Er-doped fiber for lasers and amplifiers cladding pumped at 976 nm was performed in this Letter. The single-mode fiber design includes an increased core diameter of 34 μm and properly chosen erbium and co-dopant concentrations. We demonstrate an all-fiber high power laser and power amplifier based on this fiber with the record slope efficiency of 40%. To the best of our knowledge, the achieved output power of 75 W is the highest power reported for such lasers.
Synthesis of molecular complexes based on porphyrins for the investigation of the energy transfer and primary charge separation in photosynthesis (1993)

Data on the synthesis, steric structures, and photochemical properties of molecular diad systems based on porphyrins as synthetic models of the reaction centre in photosynthesis are considered and treated systematically. The bibliography includes 102 references.
GenBank (1994)

The GenBank sequence database continues to expand its data coverage, quality control, annotation content and retrieval services for the scientific community. Besides handling direct submissions of sequence data from authors, GenBank also incorporates DNA sequences from all available public sources; an integrated retrieval system, known as Entrez, also makes available data from the major protein sequence and structural databases, and from U.S. and European patents. MIDLINE abstracts from published articles describing the sequences are also included as an additional source of biological annotation for sequence entries. GenBank supports distribution of the data via FTP, CD-ROM, and E-mail servers. Network server-client programs provide access to an integrated database for literature retrieval and sequence similarity searching.
Exocrine pancreatic function as determined in a same-day test with use of bentiromide and p-aminosalicylic acid. (1986)

We describe a new approach to the bentiromide test of exocrine pancreatic function, p-Aminosalicylic acid (PAS), a compound closely related to the bentiromide fragment p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), is used as a marker of the pharmacokinetic behavior of PABA to derive a PABA excretion index. This index is identical to that derived with [14C]-PABA. Concentrations of both PABA and PAS are measured in urine by "high-performance" liquid chromatography, which avoids the drug interferences encountered with established assays of PABA. We discuss the practical and diagnostic advantages of this new approach to the bentiromide test.
An Improvement to COSMO-SAC for Predicting Thermodynamic Properties (2014)

A modified COSMO-SAC model is presented to calculate thermodynamic properties of pure fluids and mixtures using statistical thermodynamics and the surface charge density of each compound obtained from a quantum mechanics (QM) calculation. The main differences from the previous models are that the new model includes a dispersion contribution in the mixture interaction, and is reparametrized using measured pure and mixture thermodynamic data simultaneously. With a single set of universal parameters, the new model provides higher accuracy than our previous models for predicting mixture thermodynamic properties while maintaining the same accuracy for pure compound thermodynamic properties. The overall root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) in the logarithms of partition coefficients for 992 octanol–water partitioning systems and 829 other solvent–water partitioning systems with this new model is reduced by about 10% compared to the results from previous models. Also, the agreement between the predicted and measured partition coefficients over a wide range of values is improved as a result of better activity coefficient predictions at high dilution by inclusion of the dispersive mixture interaction in the model. The accuracy in the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) predictions is comparable to, or better than, the previous model that was developed for phase equilibria calculations only. The new model also provides parameters for use with the Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF) in addition to DMol3.
Sex Pheromones and Reproductive Isolation of the Lesser Peachtree Borer and the Peachtree Borer (1974)

(E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, and (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, isolated from the female lesser peachtree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson), and the female peachtree borer, Sanninoidea exitiosa (Say), respectively, strongly attract the respective males of these species in field bioassays. These compounds are the largest pheromones isolated thus far from a lepidopterous species. Sanninoidea exitiosa males did not respond to the synthesized (E,Z)-isomer, and low concentrations of it in the synthesized (Z,Z)-isomer did not interfere with their response to the (Z,Z)-isomer. In contrast, even very low concentrations of the (Z,Z)-isomer (1 percent) in the (E,Z)-isomer significantly inhibited the response of Synanthedon pictipes males.
Theory of electron impact ionization including a potential step: Application to GaAs-AlGaAs (1985)

A Monte Carlo simulation of the electron impact ionization enhancement by a Kronig-Penney superlattice is presented. The results are compared to measured ionization coefficients of a GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice structure. The theory confirms the predicted and measured enhancement of the electron ionization rate. A quantitative fit of the theoretical data to the experimental results suggests a conduction-band offset in the GaAs/AlGaAs system which is roughly equal to 75 percent.