gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heteroaryl Analogues of AMPA. 2. Synthesis, Absolute Stereochemistry, Photochemistry, and Structure−Activity Relationships (1998)

We have previously shown that (S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid [(S)-APPA, 2] is a weak agonist at (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptors, specifically activated by (S)-AMPA (1), whereas (S)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-pyridyl)-4-isoxazolyl]propionic acid [(S)-2-Py-AMPA, 5] and (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-thiazolyl)-4-isoxazolyl]propionic acid (4) are potent AMPA agonists. On the other hand, (R)-APPA (3) and (R)-2-Py-AMPA (6) have been shown to be weak AMPA antagonists. We now report the synthesis of 2-Py-AMPA (7a) and the isomeric compounds 3-Py-AMPA (7b) and 4-Py-AMPA (7c) as well as the 7a analogues, (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)-4-isoxazolyl]p ropion ic acid (7d) and (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-quinolinyl)-4-isoxazolyl]propionic acid (7e). Furthermore, (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-furyl)-4-isoxazolyl]propionic acid (2-Fu-AMPA, 7f) and its 5-bromo-2-furyl derivative (7g) were synthesized, and (S)-2-Fu-AMPA (8) and (R)-2-Fu-AMPA (9) were prepared by semipreparative chiral HPLC resolution of 7f. HPLC analyses and circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated the absolute stereochemistry of 8 and 9 to be S and R, respectively. This was confirmed by an X-ray crystallographic analysis of 9.HCl. In receptor binding (IC50 values) and rat cortical wedge electrophysiological (EC50 values) studies, 7c (IC50 = 5.5 +/- 0.6 microM; EC50 = 96 +/- 5 microM) was shown to be markedly weaker than 7a (IC50 = 0.57 +/- 0.16 microM; EC50 = 7.4 +/- 0.2 microM) as an AMPA agonist, whereas 7b,d,e were inactive. The very potent AMPA agonist effect of 7f (IC50 = 0.15 +/- 0.03 microM; EC50 = 1.7 +/- 0. 2 microM) was shown to reside exclusively in 8 (IC50 = 0.11 +/- 0.01 microM; EC50 = 0.71 +/- 0.11 microM), whereas 9 did not interact significantly with AMPA receptors, either as an agonist or as an antagonist. 8 was shown to be photochemically active and is a potential photoaffinity label for the recognition site of the AMPA receptors. Compound 7g turned out to be a very weak AMPA receptor agonist (IC50 = 12 +/- 0.7 microM; EC50 = 160 +/- 15 microM). None of these new compounds showed detectable effects at N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) or kainic acid receptors in vitro. The present studies have emphasized that the presence of a heteroatom in the 2-position of the heteroaryl 5-substituent greatly facilitates AMPA receptor agonist activity.
Therapeutic applications of mannan-binding lectin (2003)

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is perhaps the best known of the collectins, a subfamily of C-type lectins possessing an additional collagen-like domain. MBL is thought to be an important component of innate immunity. Since the discovery, around 15 years ago, that MBL was identical to a factor responsible for the opsonization of baker's yeast in vitro, a large number of disease-association studies have been conducted. Most of these investigations support the view that MBL can influence susceptibility to, or affect the course of, many diseases. These include bacterial infections, rheumatoid arthritis, cystic fibrosis and recurrent miscarriage. This meeting was arranged to bring together scientists and clinicians to review the clinical significance of MBL, and to consider the most appropriate target disorders for MBL-replacement therapy.
The SPHINX speech recognition system (2003)

A description is given of SPHINX an accurate large-vocabulary speaker-independent continuous speech recognition system. The authors have made several recent enhancements, including generalized triphone models, word duration modeling, function-phrase modeling, between-word coarticulation modeling, and corrective training. On the 997-word resource management task, SPHINX attained a word accuracy of 96% with a grammar (perplexity 60), and 82% without grammar (perplexity 997).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dysregulation of iodothyronine deiodinase enzyme expression and function in human pituitary tumours (2002)

Pituitary adenomas express abnormal levels of deiodinase enzymes compared to normal pituitaries. These abnormalities may have functional consequences on pituitary tumour growth. In the case of TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas, the observed pattern of deiodinase mRNA expression may explain the 'resistance' of this tumour type to TH feedback.
Induction of reactivation of herpes simplex virus in murine sensory ganglia in vivo by cadmium (1993)

Herpes simplex viruses maintained in a latent state in sensory neurons in mice do not reactivate spontaneously, and therefore the factors or procedures which cause the virus to reactivate serve as a clue to the mechanisms by which the virus is maintained in a latent state. We report that cadmium sulfate induces latent virus to reactivate in 75 to 100% of mice tested. The following specific findings are reported. (i) The highest frequency of induction was observed after two to four daily administrations of 100 micrograms of cadmium sulfate. (ii) Zinc, copper, manganese, or nickel sulfate administered in equimolar amounts under the same regimen did not induce viral reactivation; however, zinc sulfate in molar ratios 25-fold greater than those of cadmium induced viral replication in 2 of 16 ganglia tested. (iii) Administration of zinc, nickel, or manganese prior to the cadmium sulfate reduced the incidence of ganglia containing infectious virus. (iv) Administration of cadmium daily during the first week after infection and at 2-day intervals to 13 days after infection resulted in the recovery from ganglia of infectious virus in titers 10- to 100-fold higher than those obtained from animals given saline. Moreover, infectious virus was recovered as late as 11 days after infection compared with 6 days in mice administered saline. (v) Administration of cadmium immediately after infection or repeatedly after establishment of latency did not exhaust the latent virus harbored by sensory neurons, inasmuch as the fraction of ganglia of mice administered cadmium and yielding infectious virus was similar to that observed in mice treated with saline. We conclude that induction of cadmium tolerance precludes reactivation of latent virus. If the induction of metallothionein genes was the sole factor required to cause reactivation of latent virus, it would have been expected that all metals which induce metallothioneins would also induce reactivation, which was not observed. The results therefore raise the possibility that in addition to inducing the metallothionein genes, cadmium inactivates the factors which maintain the virus in latent state.
Achieving design reuse: a case study (2008)

The RSAA CICADA data acquisition and control software package uses an object-oriented approach to model astronomical instrumentation and a layered architecture for implementation. Emphasis has been placed on building reusable C++ class libraries and on the use of attribute/value tables for dynamic configuration. This paper details how the approach has been successfully used in the construction of the instrument control software for the Gemini NIFS and GSAOI instruments. The software is again being used for the new RSAA SkyMapper and WiFeS instruments.
The Reduction of Terminal Epoxides (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reduction of Terminal EpoxidesMelvin S. Newman, Gerald. Underwood, and Mary. RenollCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 10, 3362–3363Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01178a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01178a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views382Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fertility levels in Australia: what can the 1991 Census tell us? (1995)

"The information which can be gathered from the 1991 [Australian] Census on trends in fertility is limited. But an analysis of the one per cent users' sample tape indicates that women with advanced educational qualifications are now having families which are considerably smaller than those of women who have no post-school qualifications."
MICHIGAN SOCIETY OF NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry journal
Typing of <i>Nocardia farcinica</i> by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Reveals an Endemic Strain as Source of Hospital Infections (1998)

Severe postoperative wound infections caused by Nocardia farcinica were repeatedly observed in a German hospital surgical ward. A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) protocol was established to characterize the genetic relatedness of the bacterial isolates from these infections. All 18 isolates from postoperative infections that have occurred since 1985 belong to a common endemic genotype; organisms of this genotype were also detected in the air of two rooms of the department where these postoperative infections occurred. In contrast, two environmental isolates from another building on the same campus showed a distinct genotype. Three cases of pulmonary infections, at a department which is located in proximity to the surgical department, were also caused by the endemic type, which suggests aerogenic spread of the endemic strain to these patients. Controls consisting of epidemiologically unrelated isolates from sporadic infections in other towns belonged in each case to a different genotype. PFGE was well suited to differentiate various types of N. farcinica and revealed an endemic strain causing postoperative wound infections possibly after aerogenic transmission.
Resolution enhancement for hyperspectral images: A super-resolution and fusion approach (2017)

Many remote sensing applications require a high-resolution hyperspectral image. However, resolutions of most hyperspectral imagers are limited to tens of meters. Existing resolution enhancement techniques either acquire additional multispectral band images or use a pan band image. The former poses hardware challenges, whereas the latter has limited performance. In this paper, we present a new resolution enhancement method that only requires a color image. Our approach integrates two newly developed techniques in the area: (1) A hybrid color mapping algorithm, and (2) A Plug-and-Play algorithm for single image super-resolution. Comprehensive experiments using real hyperspectral images are conducted to validate and evaluate the proposed method.
Reactive ion etching of InAlAs and InAlGaAswith BCl <sub>3</sub> /Cl <sub>2</sub> /CH <sub>4</sub> /H <sub>2</sub> mixtures forlong-wavelength VCSELs (2000)

A novel reactive ion etching process for the InAlGaAs material system lattice matched to InP using BCl3/Cl2/CH4/H2 mixtures is presented. The etching speed is ~ 700 Å/min, which remains approximately the same for all InAlGaAs compositions. The smoothness and the anisotropy of the etched wall appear to be very good. The etching characteristics of InP and mask materials are also reported.
Rapid Multistep Synthesis of 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles in a Single Continuous Microreactor Sequence (2008)

A general method for the synthesis of bis-substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from readily available arylnitriles and activated carbonyls in a single continuous microreactor sequence is described. The synthesis incorporates three sequential microreactors to produce 1,2,4-oxadiazoles in approximately 30 min in quantities (40-80 mg) sufficient for full characterization and rapid library supply.
Linear Active Stabilization of Converter-Dominated DC Microgrids (2011)

DC microgrids are gaining high momentum under the smart grid environment. DC microgrid stability can be an issue under high penetration of tightly regulated power converters used to interface distributed resources and loads. This paper addresses dc microgrid stability under high penetration of tightly regulated power electronic converters; and proposes three simple and computationally efficient active damping solutions that can be implemented to stabilize a controlled voltage-source converter (VSC) interfacing a dc- microgrid to an ac system. The proposed active damping methods depend on reshaping the VSC impedance by injecting internal-model-based active damping signal at the outer, intermediate and inner control loops of the voltage-oriented VSC interface. Small signal analysis is conducted to assess the system stability under different compensation schemes. Moreover, the reshaped source impedance of the VSC interface and the modified voltage-tracking dynamics are derived under different compensation schemes. Sensitivity and robustness analyses are provided to assess the dynamic coupling among active damping and voltage tracking controllers. Evaluation results, based on a detailed model of a dc microgrid with multiple tightly regulated converter-interfaced loads, are provided to validate the developed models and demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of proposed techniques.
Water soluble salts of fredericamycin A: Preparation and biological activity. (1988)

The isolation,^physico-chemical and bio-logical^properties of fredericamycin A (FM-A, NSC-305263) a novel antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseus (FCRC-48) were reported earlier.The structure (1) was elucidated by spectroscopic and X-ray tech-niques1'3'4) followed by its biosynthesis,5) electron spin resonance,6) and synthetic studies.nFM-Aexhibited good in vitro activity against Gram-positive bacteria, fungi and was found to be highly cytotoxic in in vitro and in vivo screening.2)Further developmental work could not be carried out to broaden the utility of FM-A due to its poor solubility in water and common organic solvents.Chemical modifications of FM-A (acetyl, lauroyl and hydrogenated acetyl derivatives3 >7'8)although slightly improved the solubility in organic solvents, their biological activity was reduced to a great extent compared to FM-A, making them less useful for exploration purposes.More importantly, these derivatives were not water soluble which is an important consideration in preparing formulations for toxicological and clinical studies.The present paper describes the preparation, spectroscopic characterization and the preliminary biological activity of the potassium and sodium salts of FM-A.This is the first report of a water soluble FM-A derivative which retains the high in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of the parent compound.
Brain Inflammation as a Biomarker in Epilepsy (2011)

Experimental and clinical evidence have demonstrated the increased synthesis of specific inflammatory mediators, and the upregulation of their cognate receptors in the chronic epileptic brain, indicating that some proinflammatory pathways are activated in seizure foci. Inhibition of experimental seizures by pharmacological interference with specific proinflammatory signaling, together with evidence of changes in intrinsic susceptibility to seizures in transgenic mice with perturbed inflammatory pathways, was instrumental to establish the concept that brain inflammation has a role in the etiopathogenesis of seizures. Increasing evidence also highlights the possible involvement of inflammatory processes arising in the injured brain in the development of epilepsy (i.e., in epileptogenesis). Since brain inflammation in epilepsy is not a mere epiphenomenon of the pathology but is likely involved in the mechanisms underlying neuronal hyperexcitability, the onset of seizures and their recurrence, it might be considered as a biomarker of disease development and severity, and, as such, could be used for diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic purposes, provided that adequate noninvasive methodologies are developed to detect and quantify brain inflammation in humans.
Enteroaggregative strains of<i>Escherichia coli</i>belonging to serotypes 0126:H27 and 044:H18 express antigenically similar 18 kDa outer membrane-associated proteins (1995)

Outer membrane-associated proteins of 18 kDa were expressed by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) belonging to serotypes O126:H27 and O44:H18, which hybridized with a probe derived from a plasmid necessary for enteroaggregative adhesion. The 18 kDa proteins expressed by strains of E. coli, belonging to these serotypes, were surface exposed and antigenically similar but not structurally identical.
EVOLUTIONARILY STABLE STRATEGIES BASED ON BAYESIAN GAMES (2011)

Evolutionarily stable strategies(ESSs) of asymmetric animal contests are formulated by using Bayesian games. A criterion which is a generalization of that of Abakukus((1)) and a strengthened Selten's theorem((9)) are given. As an example, a Hawk-Dove game with roles, in which the animals having the same role may possibly meet each other, is investigated and all possible Nash equilibria and ESSs are obtained for given parameters.
Probing unintentional Fe impurity incorporation in MOCVD homoepitaxy GaN: Toward GaN vertical power devices (2020)

Unintentional impurity incorporation in GaN drift layers represents a challenging issue that can limit their potential performance in vertical power devices. In this paper, we focus on studying the origins of Fe impurity incorporation in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown GaN materials. Acting as a compensator in n-type GaN drift layers, Fe impurities can reduce the electron mobility in GaN and limit the lowest controllable doping level. Two sources, the sample cleaning process and growth susceptor, were identified as the main mechanisms of Fe incorporation in the MOCVD GaN growth process. It was found that solvent cleaning of the wafer can introduce significant Fe contamination at the growth interface, which would slowly be incorporated into the GaN epilayer, thus causing background Fe impurity as high as 1017 cm−3 level. Moreover, the Fe impurity in the coating material on the susceptor can introduce additional Fe impurity during the growth process. Our studies revealed that the Fe impurity level could be significantly suppressed by more than two orders when an alternative cleaning process was used and the susceptor surface was fully covered by substrates. Characterization of the Fe impurity concentrations was performed via secondary ion mass spectrometry. The trap level (EC − 0.57) eV from deep-level transient spectroscopy that had previously been attributed to Fe confirmed the carrier compensation effect from Fe. Room temperature Hall mobility as high as 1007 cm2/V s was achieved on the MOCVD grown low-Fe GaN. Results from this work will provide guidance for achieving high purity GaN toward high performance GaN vertical power devices.
Modeling, segmentation, and caliber estimation of bronchi in high resolution computerized tomography (1999)

Accurate estimation of bronchial caliber in high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) is essential for physicians in the management and following of patients with airway disease. Although there are at present different methods of bronchi analysis, none of them can provide an absolute diagnosis of bronchial caliber. The present paper addresses a new approach of bronchi segmentation in HRCT in order to estimate the bronchial caliber. The method developed is based on mathematical morphology theory, and relies on morphological filtering, marking techniques derived from the concept of connection cost, and conditional watershed-based segmentation. In order to evaluate the robustness of the segmentation and the accuracy of the caliber estimates, a realistic bronchi modeling based on physiological characteristics has been developed. It is shown that, according to the size of the bronchi, the estimation accuracy is up to 90%.
Space-frequency filtering for multicarrier CDMA systems (2002)

In this paper, we consider blind signal detection in a multicarrier direct-sequence code-division multiple- access system using an antenna array. A space-frequency filtering approach is proposed to coherently combine the desired signal contribution from all the space-frequency branches. Under the assumption of ideal knowledge of the channel and direction of arrival parameters, it is shown that the proposed space-frequency matched filtering approach provides the same performance as that of beamforming with maximum ratio combining. When blind detection is considered, however, the proposed approach exhibits superior performance to the latter. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed blind detection approach.
Laser direct-write of embedded electronic components and circuits (2005)

The development of embedded surface mount devices, IC's, interconnects and power source elements offers the ability to achieve levels of miniaturization beyond the capabilities of current manufacturing techniques. By burying or embedding the whole circuit under the surface, significant reduction in weight and volume can be achieved for a given circuit board design. In addition, embedded structures allow for improved electrical performance and enhanced function integration within traditional circuit board substrates. Laser-based direct-write (LDW) techniques offer an alternative for the fabrication of such embedded structures at a fraction of the cost and in less time that it would take to develop system-on-chip designs such as ASIC’s. Laser micromachining has been used in the past to machine vias and trenches on circuit board substrates with great precision, while laser forward transfer has been used to deposit patterns and multilayers of various electronic materials. At NRL, we have been exploring the use of these LDW techniques to both machine and deposit the various materials required to embed and connect individual components inside a given surface. This paper describes the materials and processes being developed for the fabrication of embedded microelectronic circuit structures using direct-write techniques alongside with an example of a totally embedded circuit demonstrated to date.