gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Limitations on the Efficient Use of Parallel Memories (1978)

The effective utilization of single-instruction-multiple-data stream machines depends heavily on being able to arrange the data elements of arrays in parallel memory modules so that memory conflicts are avoided when the data are fetched. Several classes of storage algorithms are presented. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived which can be used to determine if all conflict can be avoided. For the matrix subparts most often demanded in numerical analysis computations, whenever the class of storage algorithms called periodic skewing schemes provides conflict-free access, the subclass called linear skewing schemes also provides such access.
Effects of agmatine on tolerance to and substance dependence on morphine in mice. (1999)

Agmatine prevented tolerance to and substance dependence on morphine in mice by activation of imidazoline receptors.
Synthesis of Chiral Ethyl 5-(Acetoxyimino)-2,7,7-trimethyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylatevia Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis (2008)

Novel racemic polyhydroquinoline derivatives were synthesized by a one-pot approach via a modified Hantzsch reaction and then by aromatization. The optical resolution was carried out by using lipase l-2 in MTBE containing one equivalent of butanol. This method allows the preparation of (+)-7 (>99% ee) and (-)-8 (99% ee) in 50% yield, respectively. The E value is up to 1175.
Trial of Nemolizumab in Moderate-to-Severe Prurigo Nodularis (2020)

Nemolizumab resulted in a greater reduction in pruritus and severity of skin lesions than placebo in patients with prurigo nodularis but was associated with adverse events. Larger and longer trials are needed to determine the durability and safety of nemolizumab for the treatment of prurigo nodularis. (Funded by Galderma; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03181503.).
THE ION-EXCHANGE SEPARATION OF ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUM (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ION-EXCHANGE SEPARATION OF ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUMKenneth Street Jr. and G. T. SeaborgCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 12, 4268–4269Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01192a523https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01192a523research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Near‐Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging (2006)

Abstract Near‐infrared spectroscopic imaging is an emerging medical imaging modality based on the relatively low absorption of near‐infrared light in biological tissue. It allows noninvasive estimation and mapping of concentration changes of various chromophores (e.g., oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin), which provide an indication of tissue physiology, so that the modality can be applied to functional studies of living tissue. In its simplest form, near‐infrared spectroscopic imaging can be carried out with inexpensive optoelectronic instrumentation, which measures the attenuation of light transferred through the object. More advanced time‐ and frequency‐domain instruments also measure the time the photons spend in tissue. Most tissue types scatter light strongly so that it is difficult to achieve useful spatial resolution and contrast with direct optical imaging like in x‐ray imaging. Therefore, the advanced imaging systems often use proper propagation models of diffuse light to aid the reconstruction of the optical properties inside the object. Potential applications of the modality include imaging of brain activation and hemorrhages, mammography, and monitoring of muscle oxygenation.
Description of a novel grading system to assess the quality of bowel preparation in video capsule endoscopy (2011)

A computed assessment of small-bowel mucosal visibility based on the ratio of color intensities of the red and green channel of the tissue color bar is feasible and more reproducible than existing subjective scales. Such a computed scale could be integrated into VCE reading software. For this novel scoring system we propose the term Computed Assessment of Cleansing (CAC) score.
Organotrifluoroborate Hydrolysis: Boronic Acid Release Mechanism and an Acid–Base Paradox in Cross-Coupling (2012)

The hydrolysis of potassium organotrifluoroborate (RBF(3)K) reagents to the corresponding boronic acids (RB(OH)(2)) has been studied in the context of their application in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. The "slow release" strategy in such SM couplings is only viable if there is an appropriate gearing of the hydrolysis rate of the RBF(3)K reagent with the rate of catalytic turnover. In such cases, the boronic acid RB(OH)(2) does not substantially accumulate, thereby minimizing side reactions such as oxidative homocoupling and protodeboronation. The study reveals that the hydrolysis rates (THF, H(2)O, Cs(2)CO(3), 55 °C) depend on a number of variables, resulting in complex solvolytic profiles with some RBF(3)K reagents. For example, those based on p-F-phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, and benzyl moieties are found to require acid catalysis for efficient hydrolysis. This acid-base paradox assures their slow hydrolysis under basic Suzuki-Miyaura coupling conditions. However, partial phase-splitting of the THF/H(2)O induced by the Cs(2)CO(3), resulting in a lower pH in the bulk medium, causes the reaction vessel shape, material, size, and stirring rate to have a profound impact on the hydrolysis profile. In contrast, reagents bearing, for example, isopropyl, β-styryl, and anisyl moieties undergo efficient "direct" hydrolysis, resulting in fast release of the boronic acid while reagents bearing, for example, alkynyl or nitrophenyl moieties, hydrolyze extremely slowly. Analysis of B-F bond lengths (DFT) in the intermediate difluoroborane, or the Swain-Lupton resonance parameter (ℛ) of the R group in RBF(3)K, allows an a priori evaluation of whether an RBF(3)K reagent will likely engender "fast", "slow", or "very slow" hydrolysis. An exception to this correlation was found with vinyl-BF(3)K, this reagent being sufficiently hydrophilic to partition substantially into the predominantly aqueous minor biphase, where it is rapidly hydrolyzed.
The Physiological Role of Relaxin in the Pregnant Rat. III. The Influence of Relaxin on Cervical Extensibility* (1985)

Cervices from day 18 (D18) intact pregnant rats show significantly greater extensibility and ability to accommodate to extension than cervices from D9 pregnant rats. On D22, cervices from intact pregnant rats show even greater extensibility and accommodation to stretch. Cervices from ovariectomized pregnant rats treated with estrogen (E) and progesterone (P; group OPE) show markedly reduced extensibility and ability to accommodate to stretch compared with intact pregnant cervical tissue (group C) on both D18 and D22. Extensibility of group OPE cervices resembles that of cervices from D9 intact pregnant rats. Cervices from ovariectomized pregnant rats treated with E, porcine relaxin (R), and P (group OPER) or porcine R and P (group OPR) exhibit similar extensibility and ability to accommodate to stretch as cervices from intact pregnant rats on both D18 and D22. The importance of R for cervical softening during pregnancy and its interaction with E near term and during parturition are discussed.
Real-Time Fluorescence Monitoring of Tryptic Digestion in Proteomics (2007)

Ensuring that proteolytic digestions are complete before submitting samples for downstream proteomic analyses is important, as failure or partial digestion can waste valuable instrument time and make results difficult to interpret. Conversely, overdigestion can also be problematic, such as when removing affinity tags from recombinant proteins or using nonspecific proteases. The techniques of HPLC, circular dichroism, SDS-PAGE, and MS have each been used to assess protein digestion. These techniques are slow, may require expensive instrumentation, can be inaccurate, and/or are unsuitable for real-time monitoring. Epicocconone is a natural fluorophore that reacts reversibly with proteins to form a highly fluorescent adduct and has previously been used to quantify proteins in 1D and 2D gels and in solution. Here, we describe a new method for the real-time monitoring of protein digestion based on epicocconone. This unique in situ fluorescent assay can tracelessly follow proteolysis of samples, at low microgram levels, destined for proteomics analysis or purification.
Studies on breeding dwarf poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) and the influence of infective agents (2001)

This thesis was digitised for the purposes of Document Delivery. It is not available on open access and access is restricted. The item may be requested on Interlibrary Loan or viewed in the Rare Book Library at the University of Sydney. If you are the author of this work and would like it to be made available on open access please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au
A review of the properties of Nb<sub>3</sub>Sn and their variation with A15 composition, morphology and strain state (2006)

This article gives an overview of the available literature on simplified, well defined (quasi-)homogeneous laboratory samples. After more than 50 years of research on superconductivity in Nb3Sn, a significant amount of results are available, but these are scattered over a multitude of publications. Two reviews exist on the basic properties of A15 materials in general, but no specific review for Nb3Sn is available. This article is intended to provide such an overview. It starts with a basic description of the Niobium-Tin intermetallic. After this it maps the influence of Sn content on the the electron-phonon interaction strength and on the field-temperature phase boundary. The literature on the influence of Cu, Ti and Ta additions will then be briefly summarized. This is followed by a review on the effects of grain size and strain. The article is concluded with a summary of the main results.
Bronchiectasis, Exacerbation Indices, and Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2004)

Relationships between high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bacterial colonization, airway inflammation, or exacerbation indices are unknown. Fifty-four patients with COPD (mean [SD]: age, 69 [7] years; FEV(1), 0.96 [0.33] L; FEV(1) [percent predicted], 38.1 [13.9]%; FEV(1)/forced vital capacity [percent predicted], 40.9 [11.8]%; arterial partial pressure of oxygen, 8.77 [1.11] kPa; history of smoking, 50.5 [33.5] smoking pack-years) underwent HRCT scans of the chest to quantify the presence and extent of bronchiectasis or emphysema. Exacerbation indices were determined from diary cards over 2 years. Quantitative sputum bacteriology and cytokine measurements were performed. Twenty-seven of 54 patients (50%) had bronchiectasis on HRCT, most frequently in the lower lobes (18 of 54, 33.3%). Patients with bronchiectasis had higher levels of airway inflammatory cytokines (p = 0.001). Lower lobe bronchiectasis was associated with lower airway bacterial colonization (p = 0.004), higher sputum interleukin-8 levels (p = 0.001), and longer symptom recovery time at exacerbation (p = 0.001). No relationship was seen between exacerbation frequency and HRCT changes. Evidence of moderate lower lobe bronchiectasis on HRCT is common in COPD and is associated with more severe COPD exacerbations, lower airway bacterial colonization, and increased sputum inflammatory markers.
A unified hierarchical algorithm for global illumination with scattering volumes and object clusters (1995)

The paper presents a new radiosity algorithm that allows the simultaneous computation of energy exchanges between surface elements, scattering volume distributions, and groups of surfaces, or object clusters. The new technique is based on a hierarchical formulation of the zonal method, and efficiently integrates volumes and surfaces. In particular no initial linking stage is needed, even for inhomogeneous volumes, thanks to the construction of a global spatial hierarchy. An analogy between object clusters and scattering volumes results in a powerful clustering radiosity algorithm, with no initial linking between surfaces and fast computation of average visibility information through a cluster. We show that the accurate distribution of the energy emitted or received at the cluster level can produce even better results than isotropic clustering at a marginal cost. The resulting algorithm is fast and, more importantly, truly progressive as it allows the quick calculation of approximate solutions with a smooth convergence towards very accurate simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The AGAMOUS-LIKE 20 MADS domain protein integrates floral inductive pathways in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2000)

The very late-flowering behavior of Arabidopsis winter-annual ecotypes is conferred mainly by two genes, FRIGIDA (FRI) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). A MADS-domain gene, AGAMOUS-LIKE 20 (AGL20), was identified as a dominant FRI suppressor in activation tagging mutagenesis. Overexpression of AGL20 suppresses not only the late flowering of plants that have functional FRI and FLC alleles but also the delayed phase transitions during the vegetative stages of plant development. Interestingly, AGL20 expression is positively regulated not only by the redundant vernalization and autonomous pathways of flowering but also by the photoperiod pathway. Our results indicate that AGL20 is an important integrator of three pathways controlling flowering in Arabidopsis.
Deoxynucleotide-polymerizing enzymes of calf thymus gland. VI. Enzymic synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeoxynucleotide-polymerizing enzymes of calf thymus gland. VI. Enzymic synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotidesLucy M. S. Chang and Frederick J. BollumCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 3, 536–542Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00779a029https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00779a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Functional morphology of the telson‐uropod stretch receptor in the sand crab <i>Emerita analoga</i> (1990)

The telson-uropod stretch receptor in Emerita analoga belongs to a segmental array of axial-coxal receptors having sensory neurons with central somata. It consists of an elastic strand innervated by four giant, nonspiking, mechanoreceptive neurons. We examined the elastic (sensory) strand by light and electron microscopy to discover whether 1) functional differences between the four sensory neurons could be surmised from their peripheral terminations and 2) the process of mechano-electric transduction in this type of receptor might be revealed by the ultrastructure of the dendritic terminals. The elastic strand is divided into nonoverlapping domains by the mechanoreceptive neurons. We discerned no differences other than their serial order along the strand. Each neuron has three morphological zones in the periphery. In the zone of dendrite entry, the dendrite bifurcates into 40-60 microns primary branches that enter the strand at acute to right angles and turn rostrally and caudally along the strand's axis. The zone of branching consists of 4-35 microns diameter dendritic branches within the strand. Approximately 21,000 dendritic tips (diameters, 0.1-0.7 micron; lengths, 3-20 microns) per sensory neuron arise via short stubs from all levels of the zone of branching and constitute the zone of dendrite termination. The repeated bifurcations of dendrites within the zone of branching take place by radial intrusion of longitudinally oriented, partitions of extracellular matrix each of which extends the length of the pair of dendritic branches it divides. Tips project into these partitions. Since they change shape when the elastic strand is stretched, which compresses the extracellular matrix of the partitions, they are probably the site of mechanosensory transduction. Cross-sectional profiles of dendritic tips are significantly larger but less numerous in stretched than in relaxed receptors. We propose a model in which stretch compresses distal portions of tips until they are too small to be recognized. The large profiles are the proximal portions of tips that have been expanded by hydrostatic pressure. The very large number of dendritic tips/nonspiking mechanoreceptor may be what endows each neuron with 1) high sensitivity to stretch of the elastic strand and 2) ability to respond to a broader range of tensions than is usual for single sensory cells (the entire range experienced by the stretch receptor).
Chaos, Strange Attractors, and Fractal Basin Boundaries in Nonlinear Dynamics (1987)

Recently research has shown that many simple nonlinear deterministic systems can behave in an apparently unpredictable and chaotic manner. This realization has broad implications for many fields of science. Basic developments in the field of chaotic dynamics of dissipative systems are reviewed in this article. Topics covered include strange attractors, how chaos comes about with variation of a system parameter, universality, fractal basin boundaries and their effect on predictability, and applications to physical systems.
PLANAR EIGHT PORT WAVEGUIDE MONO-PULSE COMPARATOR (2009)

This paper suggests a new method for the designing of planar eight port waveguide mono-pulse comparator. Planar eight port waveguide mono-pulse comparator acts as a four-way in-phase power divider in a transmitting mode and as a mono-pulse sum and difierence combining hybrid in the receiving mode. The short-slot directional coupler is converted to an equivalent magic tee by adding dielectric- slab-fllled waveguide phase shifter. Four magic tees are connected appropriately using H-plane bends to form a compact planar eight port waveguide mono-pulse comparator. Simulation results with Ansoft HFSS software are presented, which show good performance.
Advanced recording method using a near-field optics and the GMR head (2002)

Magneto-optical recording media are among the interesting perpendicular media. Such media have a potential for ultra-high-density recording, because the material is amorphous and does not have grain structure. To draw out the potential of magneto-optical recording media, we have proposed a new recording method using thermo-magnetic writing by a focused light and magnetic flux detection for readout. Firstly, we demonstrated that the resolution was substantially improved over that of the latest magneto-optical disk drives by the magnetic flux detection from a bilayered magnetic-exchange-coupled medium. The layers consist of a TbDyFeCo magnetic layer with high flux density on a conventional TbFeCo recording layer.
Design of Wavelength Converting Switches for Optical Burst Switching (2001)

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is an experimental network technology that enables the construction of very high capacity routers, using optical data paths and electronic control.In this paper, we study two designs for wavelength converting switches that are suitable for use in optical burst switching systems and evaluate their performance.Both designs use tunable lasers to implement wavelength conversion.One is strictly nonblocking design, that also requires optical crossbars.The second substitutes Wavelength Grating Routers (WGR) for the optical crossbars, reducing cost, but introducing some potential for blocking.We show how the routing problem for the WGR-based switches can...
Mode conversion in magneto-optic waveguides subjected to a periodic Permalloy structure (1974)

A new method to achieve periodic reversals of magnetization, necessary to attain high mode conversion efficiencies in magneto-optic waveguides, is described. It is acomplished by means of a periodic Permalloy structure overlaying the optical propagation path. With proper bias fields, we have observed an optimum dc conversion efficiency of 80±2% at 1.15 μm in a Gd0.5Ga1 iron garnet film guide.
Detecting motion object by spatio-temporal entropy (2001)

Moving object detection is an important task in video analysis. In this paper, we propose a new method for detecting moving objects based on spatio-temporal entropy. By measuring color variation in multiple successive frames, a spatio-temporal entropy image (STPI) is formed. Then the morphological methodology is employed to extract salient motions or moving objects from STEI .S inceSTEI is a statistical measurement of variation, the proposed method is more robust to noises than traditional difference based methods. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is effective for motion objects detection, and it can be used in real-time surveillance.
Absorption and Mobility of Foliar Applied Nutrients. (1957)

The absorption, transport and mobility of foliar applied radioactive isotopes of rubidium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, chlorine, sulfur, zinc, copper, manganese, iron, molybdenum, calcium, strontium, and barium were determined with the bean as the experimental plant. Using as a criterion the percent of the foliar applied radioactive isotope recovered in non-treated plant parts, and autoradiography to portray gross distribution in the plant it was found that rubidium, sodium and potassium were the most readily absorbed and most highly mobile. Calcium, strontium and barium while absorbed by the leaf were not exported from the leaf and were considered immobile. Phosphorus, chlorine, sulfur, zinc, copper, manganese, iron, and molybdenum were intermediate with decreasing mobility in the order given. Since the preparation of this manuscript, preliminary observations with magnesium (Mg/sup 28/) showed that it was immobile and its distribution following foliar application was the same as Ca/sup 45/, Sr/sup 89/ or BaLa/sup 140/. 22 references, 4 figures, 4 tables.