gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular effects of sleep-related breathing disorder. (1997)

Sleep-related breathing disorder is a prevalent medical condition that remains underdiagnosed in the community. This disorder has social, behavioural and neuropsychological impact, deleterious haemodynamic effects during sleep, and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. This review aims to describe the current evidence for the association of sleep-related breathing disorder with hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, and stroke, based on the knowledge of its haemodynamic effects during sleep.
Directed mutagenesis as a technique to study protein function: application to β-lactamase (1984)

The function of a protein follows uniquely from its three-dimensional structure, which is unambiguously determined\nby the linear sequence of amino acids. Thus to undertake\na systematic study of the relationship between protein\nstructure and function, one would ideally like to be able to\nalter the structural gene in various ways to encode proteins with novel sequences, structures and functions.\nVarious\nmutagenic strategies\nand\nmethods have\nrecently been\ndeveloped\nthat\nallow\none\nto\nachieve\nthese objectives.
Catalytic Reactions of <i>cis</i>-2-Butene at the Solid-Solid Interface of Ferroelectrics and Metals under an Electric Field (1997)

Abstract Catalytic reactions at the solid-solid interface of ferroelectrics and an electrode of metal catalyst under an electric field were studied. For the reactions of cis-2-butene under hydrogen, the selectivity and conversion of the formation of n-butane and trans-2-butene changed under an applied electric field. We showed theoretically that with increasing electric field the aperture size at the interface was reduced, influencing the catalytic reactions. The ability to actively control the aperture size with an electric field promises novel applications of catalytic systems.
Using CD-ROMs and local Web pages to provide course materials for distance-students (1996)

The Internet has been espoused as the way forward in providing distance education to many students who cannot attend oncampus. However there are currently many difficulties in direct use of the Internet, particularly in Australia, e.g. the cost is prohibitive for many remote regions, the interactive facilities are limited and it is difficult to provide a really large amount of information using this mechanism. We propose the use of a CD-ROM containing the necessary information including a set of local web-pages that can be viewed directly by the student using a suitable browser on their own machine.
Space-Based Radar Handbook (1989)

Fifteen chapters on topics that include: space-based systems, orbital considerations, ionospheric environment, bistatic radar, rendezvous radar, radar altimeters, scatterometers, thermal control, radar cross section, SBR clutter, prime power systems in space. A planned chapter on T/R modules does no
Does adding fibre to a low energy, high carbohydrate, low fat diet confer any benefit to the management of newly diagnosed overweight type II diabetics? (1988)

The effect of supplementing a low energy (roughly 5.0 MJ), high carbohydrate (180 g), low fat (roughly 25 g) diet with 10-15 g of either cereal fibre or guar gum was investigated in 24 newly diagnosed overweight non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetics. The patients were divided into three treatment groups: one received a low fibre control diet throughout the study period of 20 weeks and the other received two supplements of cereal fibre and guar gum in a crossover manner. The nutrient content of the diets was kept constant throughout. Though patients taking the low fibre diet showed a smaller reduction in fasting plasma glucose concentrations over the first eight weeks than patients taking a high fibre diet, this difference was not evident at the end of 20 weeks; reductions in weight and glycated haemoglobin values were similar for each dietary regimen throughout the trial. There was little evidence that supplementing a low energy, high carbohydrate diet with fibre confers any therapeutic benefit to type II diabetics and no evidence that taking fibre as viscous polysaccharides is any more beneficial to overweight diabetics than taking a similar fibre supplement as cereal. On the contrary, guar gum caused more abdominal discomfort and flatulence than the other diets.
Simulation of algorithms for pulse timing in FPGAs (2007)

Modern Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are capable of performing complex discrete signal processing algorithms with clock rates well above 100MHz. This, combined with FPGA's low expense and ease of use, make them an ideal technology for pulse timing and are a central part of our next generation of electronics for our pre-clinical PET scanner systems. To that end, our laboratory has been developing a pulse timing technique that uses pulse fitting to achieve timing resolution well below the sampling period of the analog to digital converter (ADC). While ADCs with sampling rates in excess of 400MS/s exist, we feel that using ADCs with lowing sampling rates has many advantages for positron emission tomography (PET) scanners. It is with this premise that we have started simulating timing algorithms using MATLAB in order to optimize the parameters before implementing the algorithm in Verilog. MATLAB simulations allow us to quickly investigate filter designs, ADC sampling rates and algorithms with real data before implementation in hardware. We report our results for a least squares fitting algorithm and a new version of a leading edge detector of PMT pulses.
Broad-Spectrum Host-Based Antivirals Targeting the Interferon and Lipogenesis Pathways as Potential Treatment Options for the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020)

The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) signals an urgent need for an expansion in treatment options. In this study, we investigated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of 22 antiviral agents with known broad-spectrum antiviral activities against coronaviruses and/or other viruses. They were first evaluated in our primary screening in VeroE6 cells and then the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agents were further evaluated using viral antigen expression, viral load reduction, and plaque reduction assays. In addition to remdesivir, lopinavir, and chloroquine, our primary screening additionally identified types I and II recombinant interferons, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and AM580 as the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents among the 22 antiviral agents. Betaferon (interferon-β1b) exhibited the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in viral antigen expression, viral load reduction, and plaque reduction assays among the recombinant interferons. The lipogenesis modulators 25-hydroxycholesterol and AM580 exhibited EC<sub>50</sub> at low micromolar levels and selectivity indices of >10.0. Combinational use of these host-based antiviral agents with virus-based antivirals to target different processes of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle should be evaluated in animal models and/or clinical trials.
An improved anodic bonding process using pulsed voltage technique (2000)

In this study, we report a pulsed-voltage technique that is commonly employed in the electroplating industry to achieve a more efficient Si-glass anodic bonding process than the conventional constant electric field process. This technique features a less stringent voltage requirement and a shortened bonding time without compromising the tensile strength of the bonded structure. A square waveform voltage profile is used to investigate the effects of pulsed-voltage profile on the bonding time. In particular, the effects of magnitude of the base voltage and duration of the peak and base voltages are investigated. With peak and base voltages set to 400 and 300 V, respectively, and the duration of each voltage pulse fixed at 10-30 s, the bonding time is reduced to 30% of that required by a constant field process (400 V). Tensile strength of all completely bonded Si-glass pairs prepared by this technique is greater than 15 MPa. A postulated bonding mechanism based on the experimental results is presented.
Prefix-Randomized Query-Tree Protocol for RFID Systems (2006)

In this paper we present a new tree search-based protocol for the anti-collision problem of RFID systems. This protocol builds a binary search tree according to the prefixes chosen randomly by tags rather than using their ID-based prefixes. Therefore, the tag identification time of the proposed protocol is no longer limited by the tag ID distribution and ID length as the conventional tree search protocol. The time complexity of the protocol is derived and shown that it can identify tags faster than the Query-Tree protocol.
Parallelising the k-Medoids Clustering Problem Using Space-Partitioning (2021)

The k-medoids problem is a combinatorial optimisation problem with multiples applications in Resource Allocation, Mobile Computing, Sensor Networks and Telecommunications.Real instances of this problem involve hundreds of thousands of points and thousands of medoids.Despite the proliferation of parallel architectures, this problem has been mostly tackled using sequential approaches.In this paper, we study the impact of space-partitioning techniques on the performance of parallel local search algorithms to tackle the k-medoids clustering problem, and compare these results with the ones obtained using sampling.Our experiments suggest that approaches relying on partitioning scale more while preserving the quality of the solution.
THE INTERACTION IN THE IMMATURE MOUSE OF POTENT OESTROGENS WITH COUMESTROL, GENISTEIN AND OTHER UTERO-VAGINOTROPHIC COMPOUNDS OF LOW POTENCY (1966)

SUMMARY Interaction in the immature mouse of potent oestrogens with the weak utero-vaginotrophic (UV) compounds, coumestrol, genistein, dimethyl-stilboestrol, norethisterone acetate and megestrol acetate though sometimes additive at very low doses appeared to be essentially antagonistic at higher doses. In particular, the weak oestrogens coumestrol and genistein, found in certain plants, markedly inhibited the UV action of potent oestrogens, e.g. oestradiol-17β, oestrone and diethylstilboestrol and this effect may account in part for the anti-oestrogenic activity of extracts of these plants. Some differences in the ability of different oestrogens to promote uterine growth relative to vaginal growth were observed.
3D Si‐on‐Si stack packaging (2000)

A new concept of 3D‐electronic packaging is presented: Si‐on‐Si multi‐chip module flip‐chip technology with arrays of fine etched and filled vertical electrical interconnections (vias). Arrays of vias with a high number of interconnections, and not only peripheral interconnections are used. A 3D Si‐on‐Si stack package demonstrator has been realized consisting of four Si‐substrates each representing a system level and containing four thinned and flip‐chip assembled chips. The chips are flip‐chip mounted on the flat side of the Si‐substrates. When interconnecting the Si‐substrates by bump technology the chips submerge into cavities on the rear side of the adjacent Si‐substrate. The chips also test the technology and quality of the electronic packaging, and therefore contain a set of thin film heaters, junctions for temperature measuring, Al‐meanders for stress and strain measuring and daisy chains for conduction path monitoring.
The Single-Fascicle Method of Nerve Grafting (2003)

In Brief In this study a single-fascicle technique for neural deficits repair was evaluated using a rat sciatic nerve model. Twenty-four Lewis rats were divided into 4 groups: group 1, 1.5-cm deficit without repair; group 2, conventional autograft; group 3, large-fascicle autograft; and group 4, small-fascicle autograft. Nerve regeneration was evaluated by pin-prick and toe-spread tests. Nerve samples were estimated by histomorphometry. Group 1 presented no recovery. Groups 3 and 4 demonstrated significantly better pin-prick results compared with those from conventional repair. Histology revealed a significantly higher number of axons and myelin thickness in the small-fascicle (2.8 ± 0.4 × 103 axons, 4.22 ± 0.41 μm) and large-fascicle (5.1 ± 1.7 × 103 axons, 4.62 ± 0.28 μm) groups compared with the conventional autograft group (2.1 ± 0.3 × 103 axons, 2.93 ± 0.20 μm). The small-fascicle group had a significantly greater mean axon area (58.59 ± 15.81 μm2) than the large-fascicle group (29.66 ± 12.67 μm2) and the conventional group (25.35 ± 7.52 μm2). In this study, peripheral nerve repair using a single-fascicle graft resulted in faster functional recovery and better morphometric outcome compared with conventional nerve repair. In a rat sciatic nerve model, bridging of a 1.5cm deficit with a single-fascicle nerve graft gave superior results in histology and in pin-prick and toe-spread tests compared to repair with a conventional nerve graft. Reasons for the faster regeneration and better functional recovery with the single-fascicle graft may be related to absence of epineurium, better axoplasm exposure, or better nerve guidance.
An inducible expression system of histidine-tagged proteins in Streptomyces lividans for one-step purification by Ni2+ affinity chromatography (1996)

An expression and purification cassette containing the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene (aph) as selective marker has been constructed in the Escherichia coli vector pULHis2. DNA fragments inserted in the cassette can be easily subcloned in pIJ699 to give vectors for overexpression of genes in Streptomyces and purification of proteins by a one-step procedure. The expression system uses the thiostrepton-inducible promoter tipA for expression and a six histidine coding nucleotide sequence that is fused in frame to the foreign gene inserted in the polylinker. The pULHis2-derived expression vector has been used satisfactorily to express and to purify the P7 and P8 proteins of Nocardia lactamdurans which carry out the methoxylation of cephalosporin C to 7-methoxycephalosporin C.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis Attenuates the Action of Insulin in Hepatocytes (2008)

TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), a relatively new member of the TNF superfamily, is an important immune/inflammatory regulator that has different functional properties from that of other members of this superfamily. We report herein that TWEAK induces cellular insulin resistance in both human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (Huh7 and HepG2) and primary rat hepatocytes by inhibiting both early insulin receptor (IR) signaling events and the downstream actions of insulin. TWEAK profoundly inhibited insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation in both a concentration- and time-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect occurred via mechanisms that involved the TWEAK receptor Fn14 and the activation of the canonical and noncanonical nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways. Furthermore, TWEAK significantly inhibited IRbeta autophosphorylation and IR substrate-1 activation, with concomitant increases in serine phosphorylation of IR substrate-1. Moreover, insulin-induced reduction of gluconeogenic enzyme gene expression and increases in glycogen synthesis in hepatocytes were significantly attenuated by TWEAK treatment. Therefore, these findings not only reveal a novel pathophysiological function of TWEAK/Fn14 but also uncover a new player that may contribute to the development of cellular insulin resistance in hepatocytes.
A wideband microstrip dual balun structure (2015)

A new wideband microstrip dual balun structure is presented. The proposed wideband dual balun is based on the second higher order mode microstrip line and the 180° out-of-phase and equal magnitude of the balun outputs can be achieved inherently. The experimental results show that the balun has simple structure, wideband impedance matching and good amplitude/phase balance performance.
Mechanisms of drug-induced lupus: III. Sex-specific differences in T cell homing may explain increased disease severity in female mice (1997)

Objective.To determine if sex-specific differences in lymphocyte trafficking could contribute to increased disease severity in female mice.Methods.A lupus-like disease was induced by injecting male and female mice with procainamidetreated T cell clones.Trafficking was examined by labeling the injected cells with 'lCr or 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate.Results.Females developed more autoimmune liver disease and greater titers of anti-DNA antibodies than did males, and 2-7 times more cells accumulated in the female spleens.Splenectomy prevented the development of autoantibodies and renal and liver disease.Oophorectomy decreased the splenic homing, autoantibody titer, and liver disease severity, to levels found in males.Conclusion.T cells traffic differently to the spleen in male and female mice, and the spleen appears to be essential in the disease process.This suggests that differences in T cell homing could contribute to sexspecific disease severity in this murine model, and also possibly in human disease.Systemic lupus erythematosus is an idiopathic autoimmune disease that primarily affects women (1).Extensive studies have implicated female sex hormones
MEDICAL NEUROSCIENCES. AN APPROACH TO ANATOMY, PATHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY BY SYSTEMS AND LEVELS. : Fourth edition. By Eduardo Benarroch, Barbara Westmoreland, Jasper Daube, Thomas Reagan and Burton Sandok. 1999. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Price $39.95. Pp. 631. ISBN 0-78-171426-5. (2001)

For one long since cast adrift on the sea of clinical neurology, a text that offers to review and update knowledge of basic neuroscience as a framework for the evaluation of clinical problems is most welcome. The fourth edition of Medical Neurosciences is, like its predecessors, the product of academic neurologists based at the Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation. The authors in the introduction outline the importance of integrated neuroscience for the clinician, emphasizing that the prerequisite for diagnosis and management is an understanding of the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of disease states. To this end they address the importance of neurological localization and the various pathological mechanisms that result in disease. Neurology is perhaps unique amongst clinical specialties in its dependence on such information for its good practice.

The book is divided into three sections, the first dealing generally in what is referred to as a \`survey of the neurosciences', this section covering neuroembryology, anatomical localization, neurocytology and pathological reactions of the nervous system and neurophysiology (particularly in respect of transient disorders). The second section deals with what the authors refer to as \`longitudinal systems' by which they mean integrated anatomical and physiological …
Adoptive Transfer of Immunomodulatory M2 Macrophages Prevents Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice (2012)

Macrophages are multifunctional immune cells that may either drive or modulate disease pathogenesis depending on their activation phenotype. Autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic proinflammatory condition characterized by unresolved destruction of pancreatic islets. Adoptive cell transfer of macrophages with immunosuppressive properties represents a novel immunotherapy for treatment of such chronic autoimmune diseases. We used a panel of cytokines and other stimuli to discern the most effective regimen for in vitro induction of immunosuppressive macrophages (M2r) and determined interleukin (IL)-4/IL-10/transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) to be optimal. M2r cells expressed programmed cell death 1 ligand-2, fragment crystallizable region γ receptor IIb, IL-10, and TGF-β, had a potent deactivating effect on proinflammatory lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ-stimulated macrophages, and significantly suppressed T-cell proliferation. Clinical therapeutic efficacy was assessed after adoptive transfer in NOD T1D mice, and after a single transfer of M2r macrophages, >80% of treated NOD mice were protected against T1D for at least 3 months, even when transfer was conducted just prior to clinical onset. Fluorescent imaging analyses revealed that adoptively transferred M2r macrophages specifically homed to the inflamed pancreas, promoting β-cell survival. We suggest that M2r macrophage therapy represents a novel intervention that stops ongoing autoimmune T1D and may have relevance in a clinical setting.
Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology (2009)

General principles & energy production in medical physiology -- Overview of cellular physiology in medical physiology -- Immunity, infection, & inflammation -- Excitable tissue: nerve -- Excitable tissue: muscle -- Synaptic & junctional transmission -- Neurotransmitters & neuromodulators -- Somatosensory neurotransmission: touch, pain, and temperature -- Vision -- Hearing & equilibrium -- Smell & taste -- Reflex and voluntary control of posture & movement -- Autonomic nervous system -- Electrical activity of the brain, sleep-wake states, & circadian rhythms -- Learning, memory, language & speech -- Basic concepts of endocrine regulation -- Hypothalamic regulation of hormonal functions -- The pituitary gland -- The thyroid gland -- The adrenal medulla & adrenal cortex -- Hormonal control of calcium & phosphate metabolism & the physiology of bone -- Reproductive development & function of the female reproductive system -- Function of the male reproductive system -- Endocrine functions of the pancreas & regulation of carbohydrate metabolism -- Overview of gastrointestinal function & regulation -- Digestion, absorption, & nutritional principles -- Gastrointestinal motility -- Transport & metabolic functions of the liver -- Origin of the heartbeat & the electrical activity of the heart -- The heart as a pump -- Blood as a circulatory fluid & the dynamics of blood & lymph flow -- Cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms -- Circulation through special regions -- Introduction to pulmonary structure & mechanics -- Gas transport & pH -- Regulation of respiration -- Renal function & micturition -- Regulation of extracellular fluid composition & volume -- Acidification of the urine & bicarbonate excretion.
An event channel-based embedded software architecture for developing telemetric and teleoperation systems on the WWW (1999)

We propose a new embedded software architecture for developing telemetric and teleoperation systems on the WWW (World Wide Web) that is called WTTS (Web-based Telemetric and Teleoperation System). First of all, we define the general functions of WTTSs which should support not only local real time service such as sensor data gathering and actuator controlling but also remote Web based services such as alarm reporting and remote commanding of the devices. According to the functions, we design the event channel based on priority queue to perform the services under hard or soft constraints for real time processing. By adopting the proposed concept, we can effectively merge Web service tasks as the remote service and hard real time tasks as the local service into a software architecture within limited computing resources of embedded real time systems. In order to verify the proposed architecture, we built a Web based vending machine as a prototype by using LEGO Dacta and implemented the proposed architecture under the Java environment in a RTOS.