gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic midsagittal articulometer systems for transducing speech articulatory movements (1992)

This paper describes two electromagnetic midsagittal articulometer (EMMA) systems that were developed for transducing articulatory movements during speech production. Alternating magnetic fields are generated by transmitter coils that are mounted in an assembly that fits on the head of a speaker. The fields induce alternating voltages in a number of small transducer coils that are attached to articulators in the midline plane, inside and outside the vocal tract. The transducers are connected by fine lead wires to receiver electronics whose output voltages are processed to yield measures of transducer locations as a function of time. Measurement error can arise with this method, because as the articulators move and change shape, the transducers can undergo a varying amount of rotational misalignment with respect to the transmitter axes; both systems are designed to correct for transducer misalignment. For this purpose, one system uses two transmitters and biaxial transducers; the other uses three transmitters and single-axis transducers. The systems have been compared with one another in terms of their performance, human subjects compatibility, and ease of use. Both systems can produce useful midsagittal-plane data on articular movement, and each one has a specific set of advantages and limitations. (Two commercially available systems are also described briefly for comparison purposes). If appropriate experimental controls are used, the three-transmitter system is preferable for practical reasons.
[Insular system of animals in a chronic heparin deficiency]. (2000)

The chronic heparin deficiency achieved by long-term treatment (for 3 weeks) with protamine-sulfate is accompanied by the development of stable hyperglycemia, decreased glucose tolerance, and the appearance of insulin resistance. Administration of exogenous heparin promotes the restoration of normoglycemia.
Speckle reduction in synthetic-aperture radars (1976)

Airborne synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) systems employ coherent techniques to generate images of terrain in the microwave region of the spectrum. The high degree of coherence required by radar system considerations results in the presence of radar speckle when diffuse scatterers are imaged. It is possible to introduce frequency and/or angle diversity in such a manner that multiple uncorrelated images of the terrain may be generated and then summed incoherently to reduce the speckle. When system bandwidth and/or viewing angle is severely constrained, then a compromise must be made between image resolution and speckle reduction. Visual examination of controlled samples of radar imagery shows that speckle is reduced noticeably when incoherent summation of uncorrelated images is provided via use of diversity. Some examples of radar images with varying degrees of diversity are presented in the paper and are compared qualitatively.
Handwritten English Word Recognition Based on Convolutional Neural Networks (2012)

This paper presents a novel segmentation-based and lexicon-driven handwritten English recognition systems. For the segmentation, a modified online segmentation method based on rules are applied. Then, convolutional neural networks are introduced for offline character recognition. Experiments are evaluated on UNIPEN lowercase data sets, with the word recognition rate of 92.20%.
A novel controller for switching audio power amplifier with digital input (2003)

A new controller, using bi-directional saw-tooth error correction (BSEC) for switching audio power amplifiers with digital PWM input is proposed. This control method is based on a pulsed edge correction approach using PWM audio signal input as a reference for power switching digital to analog converter. The proposed controller has excellent features such as wide error correction range and no limitation on the modulation index. The controller is implemented in the half-bridge class D amplifier and the performance is verified through hardware experiments. It delivers 100W into 4/spl Omega/ load with less than 0.2% of total harmonic distortion (THD) all over operating range with the maximum efficiency of 82%.
Lysophosphatidylcholine increases rat ileal permeability to macromolecules. (1985)

The influence of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on macromolecular permeability in the distal ileum has been studied. Using a rat experimental model, we determined the intestinal permeability to different sized dextrans (3000-70 000 daltons) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the absence and presence of LPC. We also examined the morphology of the ileal mucosa after deposition of LPC in the gut lumen, and determined N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, 5'-nucleotidase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in suspensions of isolated mucosal cells and different concentrations of LPC. We found that 20 mM LPC damaged the ileal mucosa and that it increased its permeability to all the molecules investigated. Moreover, mixtures of mucosal cells and 0.01-1 mM LPC showed increased N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity: the higher the LPC concentration, the higher the enzyme activity. These findings indicate that LPC, a naturally occurring surfactant in the intestine, might damage mucosal cells and release lysosomal enzyme activity, and that higher LPC concentrations may impair the mucosal barrier function and increase the gut permeability to macromolecules such as proteins. This could have relevance to the development of various disease states, in which increased intestinal absorption of macromolecules is of importance.
Carbon Dioxide and Agricultural Yield: An Assemblage and Analysis of 430 Prior Observations<sup>1</sup> (1983)

Abstract The probable effect of the increasing global atmospheric CO 2 concentration on agricultural yields was evaluated. More than 430 observations of the yield of 37 species grown with CO 2 enrichment were extracted from more than 70 reports published during the past 64 years. Most of the studies were performed in greenhouses or growth chambers. Open fields might respond less than greenhouses or growth chambers to increased CO 2 because nutrient levels in general world‐wide agriculture are lower than those in the indoor studies, or open fields might respond more because light levels are generally higher outside. The data also were dominated by high value crops, but results should be applicable to the three‐fourths of the world agriculture represented by the C 3 crops and possibly to the remaining C 4 crops as well. Keeping these limitations of the data in mind, the analysis showed that yields probably will increase by 33% (with a 99.9% confidence interval from 24 to 43%) with a doubling of atmospheric CO 2 concentration.
Terror Attacks of September 11, 2001 (2001)

During this extremely sad and traumatic time, we extend our sincere and heartfelt condolences to the families and loved ones of all those who lost their life on September 11th. We also wish for the speedy and full recovery of those who were injured, and we hope and pray that in the aftermath of the attacks, rescue crews can find as many people still alive as possible.The Black Radical Congress (BRC) strongly condemns the horrific terror attacks which occurred on September 11th, 2001. The brazen murder of countless thousands of civilians cannot be supported or condoned.
Fluctuations in the fluorescent pseudomonad and actinomycete populations of rhizosphere and rhizoplane during the growth of spring wheat (1990)

The total bacterial populations, fluorescent pseudomonads, and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and endorhizosphere of two wheat lines (C-R 5 B and C-R 5 D) were investigated weekly during plant growth. The total numbers of bacteria (colony-forming units) were counted on a low-nutrient agar medium, while the numbers of fluorescent pseudomonads and actinomycetes were determined by means of selective media. Fluorescent pseudomonads generally constituted less than 0.5% of the total bacterial numbers and the percentage significantly decreased with time in the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and root-free soil. The percentages of fluorescent pseudomonads were lower in the rhizoplane than in the rhizosphere, and in the endorhizosphere they were barely detectable. The rapid decline of fluorescent pseudomonads frequently observed in survival studies may be explained by the inability of the plant to support this group of bacteria during later development of its rhizosphere. Actinomycetes generally represented no more than 7% of the total bacterial numbers. Actinomycete percentages were highest in the rhizosphere and root-free soil and lowest in the endorhizosphere. Only minor differences were found in total bacterial numbers and in the numbers of fluorescent pseudomonads between the two wheat lines. However, numbers of actinomycetes were significantly different over the whole experiment between wheat line C-R 5 B and C-R 5 D in the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and endorhizosphere. Key words: actinomycetes, bacteria, fluorescent pseudomonads, rhizosphere, sampling time.
A Novel Synthesis of the Antipsychotic Agent Ziprasidone (1996)

Abstract A new synthesis of the antipsychotic ziprasidone from 2,5-dichloro-4-nitrotoluene 3 is presented. The nitro group in 3 was used to activate the ortho-chlorine for displacement and the methyl group for enamine formation and introduction of the piperazinyl moiety.
Proteomic Analysis to Identify Breast Cancer Biomarkers in Nipple Aspirate Fluid (2004)

Our study revealed that the NAF proteome, as defined by two-dimensional PAGE, consists of a limited number of proteins, and that the expression of AAG and GCDFP-15 correlates with disease presence and stage.
Purification and characterization of Plasmodium berghei DNA topoisomerases I and II: drug action, inhibition of decatenation and relaxation, and stimulation of DNA cleavage (1986)

It has recently been suggested that topoisomerases could be important targets for drugs used in several diseases. This prompted us to purify and characterize the topoisomerases I and II present in the erythrocytes of protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, in order to later use these enzymatic systems in antimalarial drug assays. The topoisomerases were purified from Plasmodium berghei, a parasite of mouse red cells. The Plasmodium topoisomerase II consists of two subunits with a molecular weight of about 160K. The enzyme is ATP- and Mg2+-dependent. The conditions for the reactions of relaxation, unknotting, decatenation, and catenation were found to be similar to those observed with enzymes from other eukaryotic cells. The Plasmodium topoisomerase I is a monomeric enzyme with a Mr of 70K-100K. It is ATP-independent and K+- or Na-dependent. Mg2+ is not required for relaxation but stimulates the reaction. Topoisomerase II was more sensitive to drug action than topoisomerase I. The most active drugs were the ellipticine derivatives. The antimalarial drugs, currently used in human clinical therapy, were poor inhibitors. Some antitumoral drugs stimulated the double-stranded DNA cleavage activity of Plasmodium topoisomerase II, like that of mammalian topoisomerases II. Antimalarial drugs had no stimulating activity. It is therefore suggested that Plasmodium topoisomerases are not good targets for antimalarial drugs.
A Single Amino Acid Limits the Substrate Specificity of <i>Thermus thermophilus</i> Uridine-Cytidine Kinase to Cytidine (2011)

The salvage pathways of nucleotide biosynthesis are more diverse and are less well understood as compared with de novo pathways. Uridine-cytidine kinase (UCK) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine-nucleotide salvage pathway. In this study, we have characterized a UCK homologue of Thermus thermophilus HB8 (ttCK) biochemically and structurally. Unlike other UCKs, ttCK had substrate specificity toward only cytidine and showed no inhibition by UTP, suggesting uridine does not bind to ttCK as substrate. Structural analysis revealed that the histidine residue located near the functional group at position 4 of cytidine or uridine in most UCKs is substituted with tyrosine, Tyr93, in ttCK. Replacement of Tyr93 by histidine or glutamine endowed ttCK with phosphorylation activity toward uridine. These results suggested that a single amino acid residue, Tyr93, gives cytidine-limited specificity to ttCK. However, replacement of Tyr93 by Phe or Leu did not change the substrate specificity of ttCK. Therefore, we conclude that a residue at this position is essential for the recognition of uridine by UCK. In addition, thymidine phosphorylase from T. thermophilus HB8 was equally active with thymidine and uridine, which indicates that this protein is the sole enzyme metabolizing uridine in T. Thermophilus HB8. On the basis of these results, we discuss the pyrimidine-salvage pathway in T. thermophilus HB8.
The large‐scale dynamics of grain‐size variation in alluvial basins, 1: Theory (1992)

ABSTRACT We study the interplay of various factors causing vertical grain‐size changes in alluvial basins using a simple coupled model for sediment transport and downstream partitioning of grain sizes. The sediment‐transport model is based on the linear diffusion equation; by deriving this from first principles we show that the main controls on the diffusivity are water discharge and stream type (braided or single‐thread). The grain‐size partitioning model is based on the assumption that the deposit is dominated by gravel until all gravel in transport has been exhausted, at which point deposition of the finer fractions begins. We then examine the response of an alluvial basin to sinusoidal variation in each of four basic governing variables: input sediment flux, subsidence rate, supplied gravel fraction, and diffusivity (controlled mainly by water flux). We find that, except in the case of variable gravel fraction, the form of the basin response depends strongly on the time‐scale over which the variation occurs. There is a natural time‐scale for any basin, which we call the ‘equilibrium time’, defined as the square of basin length divided by the diffusivity. We define ‘slow’ variations in imposed independent variables as those whose period is long compared with the equilibrium time. We find that slow variation in subsidence produces smoothly cyclic gravel‐front migration, with progradation during times of low sedimentation rate, while slow variation in sediment flux produces gravel progradation during times of high sedimentation rate. Slow variation in diffusivity produces no effect. Conversely, we define ‘rapid’ variations as those whose period is short compared with the equilibrium time. Our model results suggest that basins respond strongly to rapid variation in either sediment flux or diffusivity; in both cases, deep proximal unconformities are associated with abrupt gravel progradation. This progradation occurs during times of either low sediment flux or high diffusivity. On the other hand, basin response to variation in subsidence rate gradually diminishes as the time scale becomes short relative to the equilibrium time. Each of the four variables we have considered ‐ input sediment flux, subsidence, gravel fraction, and diffusivity ‐ is associated with a characteristic response pattern. In addition, the time scale of imposed variations relative to the equilibrium time acts in its own right as a fundamental control on the form of the basin response.
The fingerprint approach: using data generated by a 3D log scanner on debarked logs to accomplish traceability in the sawmill's log yard. (2004)

Technological advances in the area of optical scanning have made sophisticated equipment such as three-dimensional (3D) log scanners available to the sawmill industry. In a typical Swedish sawmill, the measurements obtained from the 3D log scanner placed at the log sorting station is used exclusively for scaling and sorting the sawlogs. In the same way, the information obtained from the 3D log scanner placed at the saw intake is used exclusively for optimal positioning of the sawlog into the headrig. Meanwhile, large knowledge gaps regarding the flow and the origin of the sawlogs persist in the sawmill's daily routine. For the Swedish sawmills performing presorting of sawlogs, the most critical information gap exists between the log sorting station and the saw intake, where the forest log batch identity disappears, and the logs are mixed according to various sorting criteria. This study attempts to use the data generated by 3D log scanners together with advanced recognition algorithms to develop a traceability system, marking/reading free, between the log sorting station and the saw intake when working with debarked logs. The originality of the fingerprint approach rests on the hypothesis that logs are separate entities with individual features. Measuring these features with the same type of measuring device at both the log sorting station and at the saw intake and then connecting the data to a common database will permit each individual sawlog to be tracked within the sawmill and will thus make it possible to develop an advanced raw material flow control.
Analysis of tandem cold reduction mill with automatic gauge control (1957)

MOST of the cold rolled steel strip which is produced today is rolled on tandem cold reduction mills. Fig. 1 shows a 5-stand mill with its unwind and winding reels. The strip fed into the mill has previously been hot rolled and pickled. Each stand, using a combination of pressure transmitted through the work rolls and interstand tension, reduces the strip thickness by as much as 50 per cent. When the delivered strip is later to be plated and made into tin cans, the nominal input thickness to this mill may be 90 mils and the delivered thickness 8 mils. Typical delivery speeds for this product are 3,000 feet per minute up to nearly 6,000 feet per minute. The subsequent operations upon the steel to obtain the finished product require that each coil of strip be rolled to close thickness tolerance. Although mill operators can and do control thickness by manual adjustment, this is difficult and tedious even for the most alert operators. Therefore, a completely integrated automatic gauge (thickness) control for a tandem cold strip mill has been built and placed in service for more than a year. Other equipments are being manufactured and some are being installed on other mills.
Objective measures for predicting speech intelligibility in noisy conditions based on new band-importance functions (2009)

The articulation index (AI), speech-transmission index (STI), and coherence-based intelligibility metrics have been evaluated primarily in steady-state noisy conditions and have not been tested extensively in fluctuating noise conditions. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the performance of new speech-based STI measures, modified coherence-based measures, and AI-based measures operating on short-term (30 ms) intervals in realistic noisy conditions. Much emphasis is placed on the design of new band-importance weighting functions which can be used in situations wherein speech is corrupted by fluctuating maskers. The proposed measures were evaluated with intelligibility scores obtained by normal-hearing listeners in 72 noisy conditions involving noise-suppressed speech (consonants and sentences) corrupted by four different maskers (car, babble, train, and street interferences). Of all the measures considered, the modified coherence-based measures and speech-based STI measures incorporating signal-specific band-importance functions yielded the highest correlations (r=0.89-0.94). The modified coherence measure, in particular, that only included vowel/consonant transitions and weak consonant information yielded the highest correlation (r=0.94) with sentence recognition scores. The results from this study clearly suggest that the traditional AI and STI indices could benefit from the use of the proposed signal- and segment-dependent band-importance functions.
Fourier based registration of differentially scaled images (2013)

This paper presents a novel Fourier based approach for registration of images that have been translated, rotated, scaled and stretched. Fourier based techniques are computationally efficient and provide noise resilience but beyond similarity transformed images they do not extend readily to more general affine deformations. The proposed method relies on applying a Hough circle transform to a generated log-polar correlation surface in conjunction with various techniques for noise rejection. Applicable theory, methodology and preliminary results are presented.
Nefopam Pharmacokinetics in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (2010)

Nefopam distribution and elimination are altered in patients with ESRD, resulting in heightened exposure. To avoid too-high concentration peaks, it is suggested that the daily nefopam dose be reduced by 50%.
Pyriporphyrin – A Porphyrin Homologue Containing A Built‐in Pyridine Moiety (2006)

Abstract Pyriporphyrin 1 (6,11,16,21‐tetraaryl‐22‐aza‐ m ‐benziporphyrin), the simplest homologue of 5,10,15,20‐tetraarylporphyrin can be constructed by replacement of one of the pyrrole rings of 5,10,15,20‐tetraarylporphyrin with a pyridine moiety, linked to the macrocycle through α,α′‐carbon atoms. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Cost-benefit analysis and health care planning : an application to rural hospital closures (2015)

The purpose of this thesis is to apply cost-benefit techniques to evaluate rural hospital closures.Data on hypothetical closures are examined to illustrate the relative importance of various types of benefits and costs.The distribution of benefits and costs that explain community support for hospitals is identified as an aid for public decision makers.The first chapter provides background and rationale for the research.The second and third chapters develop frameworks for evaluation closures.The fourth chapter presents the application of the framework to four hypothetical closures.The policy significance of the empirical results is discussed in the concluding chapter.. vi
Adaptive image coding based on the discrete wavelet transform (2002)

In this paper we present an adaptive discrete wavelet transform image coding scheme. The main contribution of the work is in developing a simple classification procedure which is used to classify the subband blocks into a finite number of classes. The classified subband blocks are subsequently encoded. The low frequency band is encoded by means of a 2-D DCT using entropy-coded trellis coded quantization (ECTCQ); other bands are directly encoded using ECTCQ. The peak signal-to-noise ratio results of the proposed adaptive system are 0.4-1.0 dB superior to those of its non-adaptive counterpart.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>