gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutational analysis of Moloney murine leukaemia virus surface protein gp70 (1993)

Ten mutations were generated in the env gene of Moloney murine leukaemia virus DNA. The mutations were made by site-directed mutagenesis to alter basic amino acids (lysine or arginine) in the surface glycoprotein gp70. Mutants were investigated following transfection into NIH/3T3 cells. All 10 mutants released virion particles into the medium, suggesting that none of the mutations affected overall viral gene expression or virion budding. Two mutants were positive in XC plaque assay, reverse transcriptase assay and re-infection experiments, showing that these mutations occurred in parts of the molecule not essential for infection. Three mutants were negative in both the XC plaque assay and re-infection experiments, suggesting that they make non-infectious virus particles. The results indicate a defect in the early phase of infection, perhaps in receptor binding or in the fusion of virion and host membranes. The other mutations resulted in reduced infectivity of released virion particles.
Investigating the Strain, Temperature and Humidity Sensitivity of a Multimode Graded-Index Perfluorinated Polymer Optical Fiber with Bragg Grating (2018)

In this work we investigate the strain, temperature and humidity sensitivity of a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) inscribed in a near infrared low-loss multimode perfluorinated polymer optical fiber based on cyclic transparent optical polymer (CYTOP). For this purpose, FBGs were inscribed into the multimode CYTOP fiber with a core diameter of 50 µm by using a krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer laser and the phase mask method. The evolution of the reflection spectrum of the FBG detected with a multimode interrogation technique revealed a single reflection peak with a full width at half maximum (FHWM) bandwidth of about 9 nm. Furthermore, the spectral envelope of the single FBG reflection peak can be optimized depending on the KrF excimer laser irradiation time. A linear shift of the Bragg wavelength due to applied strain, temperature and humidity was measured. Furthermore, depending on irradiation time of the KrF excimer laser, both the failure strain and strain sensitivity of the multimode fiber with FBG can be controlled. The inherent low light attenuation in the near infrared wavelength range (telecommunication window) of the multimode CYTOP fiber and the single FBG reflection peak when applying the multimode interrogation set-up will allow for new applications in the area of telecommunication and optical sensing.
Metal catalysis of the luminol reaction in chromatographic solvent systems (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal catalysis of the luminol reaction in chromatographic solvent systemsRichard. Delumyea and Arleigh V. HartkopfCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 9, 1402–1405Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50003a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50003a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views236Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Benzo[b]fluorenes Formed in the Thermal Cyclization of 3-Ene-1,6-diynes (1998)

A three-step preparation of the benzofluorene core is presented. The last step involves thermal cyclization of 3 -ene-1,6 -diyne (7) leading to the formation of four benzofluorene derivatives, one of which has been investigated by X-ray analysis. The harsh thermal conditions indicate that the cyclization of 7 might not proceed via a biradical intermediate as would be anticipated by a mechanistic proposal from Ueda.
Price Reveal Auctions on the Internet (2010)

A price reveal auction is a Dutch auction in which the current price of the item on sale remains hidden. Bidders can privately observe the price only by paying a fee, and every time a bidder does so, the price falls by a predetermined amount. We show that in equilibrium, no rational bidder should enter into such an auction. Contrary to this prediction, data about actual price reveal auctions run on the Internet show that bidders do enter and that the mechanism is profitable for the seller.
Mechanism of Ceftriaxone Induction of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter-2 Expression and Glutamate Uptake in Primary Human Astrocytes (2008)

Glutamate is an essential neurotransmitter regulating brain functions. Excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT)-2 is one of the major glutamate transporters primarily expressed in astroglial cells. Dysfunction of EAAT2 is implicated in acute and chronic neurological disorders, including stroke/ischemia, temporal lobe epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer disease, human immunodeficiency virus 1-associated dementia, and growth of malignant gliomas. Ceftriaxone, one of the beta-lactam antibiotics, is a stimulator of EAAT2 expression with neuroprotective effects in both in vitro and in vivo models based in part on its ability to inhibit neuronal cell death by glutamate excitotoxicity. Based on this consideration and its lack of toxicity, ceftriaxone has potential to manipulate glutamate transmission and ameliorate neurotoxicity. We investigated the mechanism by which ceftriaxone enhances EAAT2 expression in primary human fetal astrocytes (PHFA). Ceftriaxone elevated EAAT2 transcription in PHFA through the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway. The antibiotic promoted nuclear translocation of p65 and activation of NF-kappaB. The specific NF-kappaB binding site at the -272 position of the EAAT2 promoter was responsible for ceftriaxone-mediated EAAT2 induction. In addition, ceftriaxone increased glutamate uptake, a primary function of EAAT2, and EAAT2 small interference RNA completely inhibited ceftriaxone-induced glutamate uptake activity in PHFA. Taken together, our data indicate that ceftriaxone is a potent modulator of glutamate transport in PHFA through NF-kappaB-mediated EAAT2 promoter activation. These findings suggest a mechanism for ceftriaxone modulation of glutamate transport and for its potential effects on ameliorating specific neurodegenerative diseases through modulation of extracellular glutamate.
CellMarker: a manually curated resource of cell markers in human and mouse (2018)

One of the most fundamental questions in biology is what types of cells form different tissues and organs in a functionally coordinated fashion. Larger-scale single-cell sequencing and biology experiment studies are now rapidly opening up new ways to track this question by revealing substantial cell markers for distinguishing different cell types in tissues. Here, we developed the CellMarker database (http://biocc.hrbmu.edu.cn/CellMarker/ or http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/CellMarker/), aiming to provide a comprehensive and accurate resource of cell markers for various cell types in tissues of human and mouse. By manually curating over 100 000 published papers, 4124 entries including the cell marker information, tissue type, cell type, cancer information and source, were recorded. At last, 13 605 cell markers of 467 cell types in 158 human tissues/sub-tissues and 9148 cell makers of 389 cell types in 81 mouse tissues/sub-tissues were collected and deposited in CellMarker. CellMarker provides a user-friendly interface for browsing, searching and downloading markers of diverse cell types of different tissues. Furthermore, a summarized marker prevalence in each cell type is graphically and intuitively presented through a vivid statistical graph. We believe that CellMarker is a comprehensive and valuable resource for cell researches in precisely identifying and characterizing cells, especially at the single-cell level.
Sindbis virus replication in vertebrate and mosquito cells: an interpretation. (1975)

This paper summarizes recent comparative studies of Sindbis virus (SV) replication in cultured Aedes albopictus (A. albo) or (A. aegypti (A. aeg) and BHK21 or chick embryo (CEF) cells. 1. Viral growth kinetics and yields are similar in A. albo cells at 28 degress C and in vertebrate cells at 37 degrees C. A. albo exhibit no CPE and yield persistenetly infected cultures. 2. SV grown in A. albo cells lacks sialic acid but is antigenically and in terms of particle/PFU or particle/HAU ratios equivalent to SV derived from vertebrate cells. The contrast to VSV in the latter respect is discussed. 3. SV from persistently infected A. albo or A. aeg cells is temperature-sensitive, thermolabile, and produces small plaques. Partial characterization of these mutants, of RNA associated with their replication, and their high reversion rate to ts+ upon serial undiluted passage in GHK21 cells are presented. 4. Hostdependent differences in the generation of defective-interfering (DI) SV particles and of low molecular weight viral RNA species have been observed upon undiluted serial passages in BHK21 and CEF. In contrast, serial passage in A. albo cells appears not to produce DI particles or small RNA species nor do these cells "recognize" as such DI particles from BHK21 cells. 5. Possible implications of these observations fro the natural life cycle of arthropod-borne togaviruses are discussed.
FISHY REFLEX (2005)

Everyone knows that familiar wobbly feeling when you've bounced out of bed too fast. But with a slight thumping of your heart and a gentle squeezing of the veins in your legs, you've effortlessly got your blood back to where it is needed, and you're on your way. For a long time researchers assumed that this`baroreceptor reflex', which helps our bodies maintain a stable blood pressure, evolved so that terrestrial creatures like us could deal with gravity constantly dragging our blood into our boots. But now it looks like fish are in on the trick too. Erik Sandblom and Michael Axelsson of Göteborg University in Sweden have shown conclusively that rainbow trout also have a `baroreceptor reflex'(p. 821).Sandblom has always loved fish and is intrigued by the mechanisms that allow these creatures to keep their blood pressure stable. Fish circulatory systems differ from mammalian systems: their heart only has two chambers instead of four. Fish oxygenate their blood by directing it through their delicate gills before pumping it around the body. Trout don't usually have to cope with blood pooling in their tails – their blood is the same density as the water they swim in – but they still need to regulate blood flow to their organs.To find out how fish regulate their blood pressure, Sandblom and Axelsson needed to find a way to control blood flow in free-swimming fish. Studying a non-anaesthetised fish's intricate system of blood vessels is notoriously difficult, but Sandblom and Axelsson weren't put off. Sandblom popped down to the local fish farm, loaded up a shoal of rainbow trout and headed back to the lab. After months of intensive work, the team finally developed a method that enabled them to increase or decrease gill blood pressure. They were ready to test the trout's `baroreceptor reflex'.Placing a few trout in the spotlight, Sandblom put them through their paces. He first temporarily closed the ventral aorta that sends blood to the gills, and noticed that, within seconds, a reflex had kicked in and the trout's heart was thumping faster and its veins were constricting to compensate for the drop in blood pressure. The opposite happened when Sandblom blocked the dorsal aorta that takes blood away from the gills. The forced pressure increase in the gills caused the trout's heartbeat to gently decrease. Sandblom and Axelsson are convinced that this is truly a reflex response and that they have hit on what might be driving the trout's`baroreceptor reflex'. Using the drugs prazosin and atropine, they went a step further and showed that the distinct blood vessel and heart rate responses are controlled by different nervous control systems.Sandblom is pretty excited about his technique. `It's a neat tool that can be used for many different purposes' he enthuses. He now wants to see what happens to the veins when fish are a little low on oxygen. Sandblom suspects that since fish live in a gravity-free environment the `baroreceptor reflex'simply evolved to keep arterial blood pressure at a certain level, and not just to help us legged creatures defy gravity and saunter around on land.
Learning manipulation actions from a few demonstrations (2013)

To efficiently plan complex manipulation tasks, robots need to reason on a high level. Symbolic planning, however, requires knowledge about the preconditions and effects of the individual actions. In this work, we present a practical approach to learn manipulation skills, including preconditions and effects, based on teacher demonstrations. We believe that requiring only a small number of demonstrations is essential for robots operating in the real world. Therefore, our main focus and contribution is the ability to infer the preconditions and effects of actions based on a small number of demonstrations. Our system furthermore expresses the acquired manipulation actions as planning operators and is therefore able to use symbolic planners to solve new tasks. We implemented our approach on a PR2 robot and present real world manipulation experiments that illustrate that our system allows non-experts to transfer knowledge to robots.
Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Aryl β-Imido Sulfones Using Rhodium Catalysts with Chiral Diene Ligands: Synthesis of Apremilast (2019)

A chiral rhodium(I)-diene catalyst enabled the one-step synthesis of β-aryl β-imido sulfones under mild reaction conditions. By selection of the chiral diene ligand L1a or L2, each enantiomer of the chiral β-aryl β-imido sulfone target can be accessed with high stereoselectivity. Demonstration of the scope of the reaction, which includes the synthesis of an N-protected chiral β-amino β-phenyl sulfone, culminated with the efficient synthesis of the heteroatom-rich active pharmaceutical ingredient apremilast.
Oxidation of diethyl (pyridylmethyl)malonates with manganese(III) acetate, cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate, and iron(III) perchlorate in the presence of alkenes and alkynes (1991)

The oxidn. of substituted di-Et 2-, 3-, or 4-picolylmalonates by Mn(OAc)3 in HOAc, Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6 in MeOH or HOAc, and Fe(ClO4)3 in MeCN in the presence of substituted alkenes and alkynes affords substituted tetra- or dihydroquinolines and/or isoquinolines in good to excellent yield. Thus, 2-picolylmalonate I and CH2:CH(CH2)5Me upon treatment with Mn(OAc)3 in HOAc afforded 90% quinoline II. The influence of reaction medium on yield and isomer distribution has been investigated. A mechanism involving oxidative deprotonation of malonic esters by high-valent metal salts to malonyl radicals, their addn. to olefins, and intramol. homolytic substitution to protonated or metal-complexed heteroarom. bases by the resulting substituted C radicals is suggested
A comparative analysis of disk scheduling policies (1971)

This paper appears in the March, 1972, issue of the Communications of the ACM. Its abstract is reproduced below.
Carrier-Based Discontinuous PWM Method for Vienna Rectifiers (2014)

Vienna rectifiers, which are nongenerative-boost types of rectifiers, are used in grid-connected applications with a unity power factor such as telecommunication systems and wind turbine systems. These rectifiers are advantageous in that they have low total harmonic distortion and efficiency. There are many switching methods, which are different from those of threelevel topologies, for Vienna rectifiers. In this paper, we propose a carrier-based discontinuous pulse width modulation (CB-DPWM) method. This method is simple compared to the discontinuous PWM (DPWM) method for Vienna rectifiers based on space vectors and guarantees normal rectifier operation for all modulation index (M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> ) values. We perform experiments to verify the suitability and performance of the proposed CB-DPWM method.
Identification of dynamic comprehension processes during large scale maintenance (1996)

We present results of observing professional maintenance engineers working with industrial code at actual maintenance tasks. Protocol analysis is used to explore how code understanding might differ for small versus large scale code. The experiment confirms that cognition processes work at all levels of abstraction simultaneously as programmers build a mental model of the code. Analysis focused on dynamic properties and processes of code understanding. Cognition processes emerged at three levels of aggregation representing lower and higher level strategies of understanding. They show differences in what triggers them and how they achieve their goals. Results are useful for defining information which maintenance engineers need for their work and for documentation and development standards.
Notes on Wick's theorem in many-body theory (2017)

In this pedagogical note I present the operator form of Wick's theorem, i.e. a procedure to bring a product of 1-particle creation and destruction operators to normal order, with respect to some reference many-body state. Both the static and the time-ordered cases are presented. For the latter, in particular, I provide a simple proof.
A simple and efficient method to align very long speech signals to acoustically imperfect transcriptions (2012)

In the framework of a contract with the Basque Parliament for subtitling the videos of bilingual plenary sessions, which basically consisted of aligning very long (around 3 hours long) audio tracks with syntactically correct but acoustically inaccurate text transcriptions (since all the disfluencies, mistakes, etc. were edited), a very simple and efficient procedure (avoiding the need for language nor lexical models, which was key because of the mix of languages) was developed as a first approach, before trying more complex schemes found in the literature. Since it worked pretty well and the output was quite satisfactory for the intended application, that simple approach was finally chosen. In this paper, we describe the approach in detail and apply it to a widely known annotated dataset (specifically, to the 1997 Hub4 task), to allow the comparison to a reference approach. Results demonstrate that our approach provides only slightly worse segmentations at a much lower computational cost and requiring much fewer resources. Moreover, if the resource to be segmented includes speech in two or more languages and speakers conmute between them at any time, applying a speech recognizer becomes unfeasible in practice, whereas our approach can be still applied with no additional cost.
Some Unmixing Problems and Algorithms in Spectroscopy and Hyperspectral Imaging (2006)

The automated identification and mapping of the constituent materials in a hyperspectral image is a problem of considerable interest. A significant issue is that the spectra at many pixels in such an image are actually mixtures of the spectra of the pure constituents. I review methods of "unmixing" spectra into their pure constituents, both when a "spectral library" of the pure constituents is available, and where no such library is available. Our own algorithms in both these areas are exemplified with a mineral and a biological example.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha sensitizes prostate cancer cells to gamma-irradiation-induced apoptosis. (1999)

LNCaP prostate cancer cells are highly resistant to induction of programmed cell death by y-irradiation and somewhat sensitive to the death-inducing effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Simultaneous exposure of LNCaP cells to TNF-alpha and 8 Gy of irradiation was synergistic and resulted in a 3-fold increase of apoptotic cells within 72 h compared to TNF-alpha alone. It appeared that TNF-alpha sensitized the cells to irradiation because, when cells were irradiated 24 h after exposure to TNF-alpha, increased cell death was observed. In contrast, irradiation delivered 24 h prior to TNF-alpha exposure did not result in more cell death than after TNF-alpha alone. TNF-alpha induced expression of its own mRNA, but TNF-alpha mRNA induction was neither induced nor enhanced by irradiation. Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB can be induced by TNF-alpha and has a modulating antiapoptotic effect. But enhancement of TNF-alpha-induced cell death by irradiation did not result from altered activation of nuclear factor kappaB. TNF-alpha treatment of LNCaP cells resulted in partial activation of caspase-8 and -6 but not caspase-3. There was only minimal poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage seen in LNCaP cells after exposure to both TNF-alpha and irradiation at 72 h, a time when 60% of the cells were apoptotic. Experiments with peptide inhibitors of cysteine and serine proteases suggested that caspases were the predominant mediators of apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha alone but that serine proteases contributed significantly to cell death induced by TNF-alpha plus irradiation. TNF-alpha increased production of ceramide in LNCaP cells 48 h after exposure. Although irradiation alone had no effect on ceramide production in LNCaP cells, TNF-alpha plus irradiation induced significantly more ceramide than TNF-alpha alone. Ceramide production did not occur immediately after exposure to TNF-alpha, but rather was delayed such that ceramide levels were increased only 24 h after exposure to apoptotic stimuli. Moreover, non-toxic levels of exogenous C2-ceramide sensitized LNCaP cells to irradiation similarly to TNF-alpha, suggesting that one mechanism by which LNCaP cells were sensitized to irradiation was by increased intracellular ceramide. Hence, ceramide generation is a critical component in radiation-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Inhibition of ceramide generation may provide a selective advantage in the development of radioresistance in prostate cancer.