gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zona Pellucida Composition: Species Cross Reactivity and Contraceptive Potential of Antiserum to a Purified Pig Zona Antigen (PPZA) (1981)

Antiserum produced against a Mr 60,000 component (PPZA, purified pig zona antigen) isolated from porcine zonae was examined in respect to its species cross reactivity and contraceptive potential. Antiserum to PPZA produced precipitation layers of varying intensities on the zonae of all species tested. The degree of cross reactivity of anti-PPZA serum for zonae from various species, estimated by precipitation and immunofluorescent titrations, was in the order of human≥squirrel monkey>rabbit>rat>mouse. Percentages of 125I-labeled solubilized zonae from these species precipitated by a l:5000 dilution of the antiserum were 49, 27, 18, 18, and 0, respectively, for the pig, squirrel monkey, human, rabbit, and mouse. Pretreatment of intact zonae from human and squirrel monkey with PPZA antibody resulted in the in vitro inhibition of homologous sperm adherence to such treated zonae, thus demonstrating the contraceptive potential of PPZA antiserum in these two species. Similar treatments using the rabbit and mouse systems did not show any observable inhibition of homologous sperm adherence. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis studies of radiolabeled porcine zona revealed a pattern of three major acidic macromolecules with average molecular weights of 92,000, 70,000, and 60,000, each of which exhibited extensive charge heterogeneity. Comparable studies performed on zonae from the human, squirrel monkey, rabbit, and mouse each revealed a species-specific pattern of two to four major families of acidic charge isomers with subunit molecular weights varying from 40,000–120,000. Human and squirrel monkey zonae each possessed one or more components similar to PPZA with respect to size and charge. Collectively, these electrophoretic and immunologic studies suggest that the zonae of pig, human, squirrel monkey, and rabbit each contain an acidic macromolecule which possesses antigenic determinants similar to those of PPZA.
Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome (2003)

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome is an often overlooked and uncommon cause of pain in the extremities of individuals who engage in repetitive physical activity. A thorough history, a careful physical examination, and compartment pressure testing are essential to establish the diagnosis. Catheter measurements can provide useful information on baseline resting compartment pressures as well as compartment pressures after exercise or trauma. Patients with chronic exertional compartment syndrome usually do not respond to nonsurgical therapy other than completely ceasing the activities that cause the symptoms. Surgical intervention entails fasciotomies of the involved compartments. Although obtaining accurate compartment pressure measurements can be difficult and fascial releases must be done carefully, patients typically have satisfactory functional results and are able to return to their usual physical activities after fasciotomy.
Interpretation of Spatial Language in a Map Navigation Task (2007)

We have developed components of an automated system that understands and follows navigational instructions. The system has prior knowledge of the geometry and landmarks of specific maps. This knowledge is exploited to infer complex paths through maps based on natural language descriptions. The approach is based on an analysis of verbal commands in terms of elementary semantic units that are composed to generate a probability distribution over possible spatial paths in a map. An integration mechanism based on dynamic programming guides this language-to-path translation process, ensuring that resulting paths satisfy continuity and smoothness criteria. In the current implementation, parsing of text into semantic units is performed manually. Composition and interpretation of semantic units into spatial paths is performed automatically. In the evaluations, we show that the system accurately predicts the speakers' intended meanings for a range of instructions. This paper provides building blocks for a complete system that, when combined with robust parsing technologies, could lead to a fully automatic spatial language interpretation system.
Modern Aldol Reactions (2004)

Fundamentals and Transition State Models.The Development of Titanium Enolate Based Aldol Reactions.Boron and Silicon Enolates in Crossed Aldol Reaction.Silver, Gold and Palladium Lewis-Acids.Boron and Silicon Lewis Acids for Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions.Copper Lewis Acids.Tin-promoted Aldol Reactions and Their Applications to Total Syntheses of Natural Products.Zirconium Alkoxides as Lewis Acids.Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction Using Chiral Metal Complexes.Catalytic Enantioselective Aldol Additions with Chiral Lewis Bases.Amine-Catalyzed Aldol Reactions.Enzyme Catalyzed Aldol Additions.Antibody-Catalyzed Aldol Reactions.The Aldol-Tishchenko Reaction.The Aldol Reaction in Natural Product Synthesis: The Epothilone Story.
Biopolymer templating as synthetic route to functional metal oxide nanoparticles and porous sponges (2010)

The biopolymers dextran and xyloglucan were used to attenuate structural development of a range of metal oxide materials. Dextran was used to prepare catalytic iron, iron–gold, and cerium–copper oxide porous sponges composed of joined nanoparticles. Zinc oxide sponges and nanoparticles coated with <5 nm gold particles were similarly prepared using xyloglucan which was shown to have potential advantages in terms of synthesis properties and cost.
Development and clinical applications of cancer immunotherapy against PD-1 signaling pathway (2019)

Dramatic advances in immune therapy have emerged as a promising strategy in cancer therapeutics. In addition to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, inhibitors targeting immune-checkpoint molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) demonstrate impressive clinical benefits in clinical trials. In this review, we present background information about therapies involving PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and provide an overview of current clinical trials. Furthermore, we present recent advances involving predictive biomarkers associated with positive therapeutic outcomes in cancer immunotherapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Strong Light‐Matter Interactions in Heterostructures of Atomically Thin Films. (2013)

Abstract Atomically thin graphene/WS 2 /graphene heterostructures exhibit enhanced light—matter interactions, leading to enhanced photon absorption and electron—hole creation.
Plasmonic nanorod-based optical recording and data storage (2013)

Metallic nanoparticles that can support plasmon resonances are called plasmonic nanoparticles and these are the important building blocks in nanoplasmonic applications. Their surface plasmon resonances (SPR)—collective free electron charge oscillations—provide tunable extinction in the visible to near-infrared range that are dependent on geometric size, shape, and environment. Owing to their highly sensitive resonances, many applications have been proposed, including biosensors [1–3], nanoantennas [4–7], and nonlinear biomarkers [8–11]. Further, their strong and weak SPR coupling property is proposed to be used as a “plasmonic ruler” for detecting DNA folding and unfolding [12] and nanometer-scale plasmonic circuit elements [13–15].
Effect of Carboxylic Acid on Sintering of Inkjet-Printed Copper Nanoparticulate Films (2011)

The reduction effect of various carboxylic acids on inkjet-printed copper film was investigated. Carboxylic acids were exposed to the film by nitrogen gas that was bubbled through the liquid acids during the annealing process. It was observed that in the case of saturated monocarboxylic acid (formic, acetic, propionic, butyric), the acids with shorter hydrocarbon chains perform better in reducing the surface copper oxides in the printed copper conductive film. The printed films exposed to formic acid vapor exhibited the lowest resistivity (3.10 and 2.30 μΩ cm when annealed at 200 and 250 °C, respectively). In addition, the oxalic acid more effectively reduces copper oxide than formic acid and its usage can shorten the annealing time for highly conductive printed copper film. This reductive annealing process allows fabrication of copper patterns with low resistivity, (3.82 μΩ cm annealed at 250 °C) comparable to the resistivity of bulk copper.
Data stream anomaly detection through principal subspace tracking (2010)

We consider the problem of anomaly detection in multiple co-evolving data streams. In this paper, we introduce FRAHST (Fast Rank-Adaptive row-Householder Subspace Tracking). It automatically learns the principal subspace from N numerical data streams and an anomaly is indicated by a change in the number of latent variables. Our technique provides state-of-the-art estimates for the subspace basis and has a true dominant complexity of only 5Nr operations while satisfying all desirable streaming constraints. FRAHST successfully detects subtle anomalous patterns and when compared against four other anomaly detection techniques, it is the only with a consistent F1 ≥ 80% in the Abilene datasets as well as in the ISP datasets introduced in this work.
Effect of dissolved aromatic hydrocarbons on the growth of marine bacteria in batch culture (1976)

Dissolved aromatic hydrocarbons were found to decrease growth rate and maximum cell density of marine bacteria in batch cultures. The magnitude of the decrement was observed to be a function of concentration of the hydrocarbon and inherent toxicity. The inherent toxicity was observed to increase inversely with solubility such that naphthalene at 100 muM concentration demonstrated a toxic effect similar to benzopyrene at 0.02 muM. A partial oxidation product of naphthalene was found to be more effective in decreasing growth parameters than naphthalene at equivalent concentrations and to cause complete cessation of growth at the higher concentrations permitted by its polar structure.
Electromagnetic field and material properties in ground penetrating radar (2004)

Electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields are consequences of the existence, motion and acceleration of electric charge. Complex coupled vector field distributions in space and time result. Most material properties are consequences of EM field interactions between adjacent matter particles at atomic scales. Velocity, attenuation, wavelength, polarization, scattering, relaxation, and resonance are some of the properties and processes important to electromagnetic wave propagation in ground penetrating radar. Such properties and processes determine the performance limitations of ground penetrating radar systems, and they are also what are measured by ground penetrating radar to describe ground and things buried within the subsurface. Space and time distributions of material properties are described in terms of complex dielectric permittivity and complex magnetic permeability. "Complex" means there are parts describing both energy dissipation and storage, with consequential frequency dependent properties. Dielectric properties are dominantly controlled by the distribution and properties of water in the ground. Magnetic properties are dominantly controlled by the distribution and properties of iron in the ground. Field polarization and scattering processes are dominantly controlled by the geometric orientation and spatial distribution of contrasts in material properties at wavelength scales. Measurement of field properties and processes allows GPR to determine material properties.
Low-power compact laser-based nonlinear degenerate four-wave mixing detection for flowing liquids (1995)

Forward-scattering degenerate four-wave mixing is presented as a sensitive nonlinear laser-based absorbance detection method for room- temperature condensed-phase analytes using compact low-power lasers. In the liquid phase, the signal is generated mainly by the formation of spatial gratings due to thermally-induced refractive index change, resulting from constructive interference between the input beams. This nonlinear laser method offers convenient and efficient optical signal detection since the signal is a coherent beam and it can be collected and measured virtually against a dark background. Since only two input beams are used, the optical alignment is simple compared to other multiphoton methods. The use of a single lens for all the input beams provides tighter focusing and higher wave-mixing efficiency and maximizes photon density available at the sample cell. Hence, laser power requirements are unusually low (<10 mW), allowing the use of portable, low-cost lasers such as He-Ne lasers and diode lasers. Since only a single laser is required, the overall optical setup in this one- color one-laser method can fit in a simple compact package with minimum laser and optics requirements. The detection sensitivity approaches those of laser fluorescence methods, yet this compact nonlinear absorbance detector can detect both fluorescing and nonfluorescing analytes.
Relativistic GW calculations on CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3SnI3 Perovskites for Solar Cell Applications (2014)

Hybrid AMX3 perovskites (A = Cs, CH3NH3; M = Sn, Pb; X = halide) have revolutionized the scenario of emerging photovoltaic technologies, with very recent results demonstrating 15% efficient solar cells. The CH3NH3PbI3/MAPb(I(1-x)Cl(x))3 perovskites have dominated the field, while the similar CH3NH3SnI3 has not been exploited for photovoltaic applications. Replacement of Pb by Sn would facilitate the large uptake of perovskite-based photovoltaics. Despite the extremely fast progress, the materials electronic properties which are key to the photovoltaic performance are relatively little understood. Density Functional Theory electronic structure methods have so far delivered an unbalanced description of Pb- and Sn-based perovskites. Here we develop an effective GW method incorporating spin-orbit coupling which allows us to accurately model the electronic, optical and transport properties of CH3NH3SnI3 and CH3NH3PbI3, opening the way to new materials design. The different CH3NH3SnI3 and CH3NH3PbI3 electronic properties are discussed in light of their exploitation for solar cells, and found to be dominantly due to relativistic effects. These effects stabilize the CH3NH3PbI3 material towards oxidation, by inducing a deeper valence band edge. Relativistic effects, however, also increase the material band-gap compared to CH3NH3SnI3, due to the valence band energy downshift (~0.7 eV) being only partly compensated by the conduction band downshift (~0.2 eV).
Method of Extracting Unloaded Q Applied Across Different Resonator Technologies (2008)

When comparing different resonator technologies, it is essential that fundamental properties such as the unloaded Q be accurately portrayed. Important Figure-of-Merit (FOM) numbers for resonators include operating frequency, coupling coefficient (kt2), Q, and the products - - kt2*Q and f*Q. Three of the five Figure's of Merit depend on an accurate evaluation of unloaded Q. Using a new equation for Q (derived from first principles), we can measure both Q and the coupling coefficient for a variety of resonator technologies and compare the relative performance metrics of each technology.
Sensitive YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> thin-film magnetometer (1991)

Our YBa2Cu3O7−x thin-film magnetometer consists of a dc superconducting quantum interference device with bi-epitaxial Josephson junctions, fabricated on one chip, and a flux transformer with a multiturn input coil, fabricated on a second chip. Photolithographic processing is used to pattern all layers. The magnetometer operates in a flux-locked loop at temperatures up to 81 K, with the flux transformer improving the magnetic field sensitivity by a factor of 83±3. The low-frequency rms magnetic field noise scales approximately as 1/f1/2, where f is the frequency, with a magnitude of 0.6 pT Hz−1/2 at 10 Hz and 0.09 pT Hz−1/2 at 1 kHz with the magnetometer immersed in liquid N2.
Utilization of native oxygen in Eu(RE)-doped GaN for enabling device compatibility in optoelectronic applications (2016)

The detrimental influence of oxygen on the performance and reliability of V/III nitride based devices is well known. However, the influence of oxygen on the nature of the incorporation of other co-dopants, such as rare earth ions, has been largely overlooked in GaN. Here, we report the first comprehensive study of the critical role that oxygen has on Eu in GaN, as well as atomic scale observation of diffusion and local concentration of both atoms in the crystal lattice. We find that oxygen plays an integral role in the location, stability, and local defect structure around the Eu ions that were doped into the GaN host. Although the availability of oxygen is essential for these properties, it renders the material incompatible with GaN-based devices. However, the utilization of the normally occurring oxygen in GaN is promoted through structural manipulation, reducing its concentration by 2 orders of magnitude, while maintaining both the material quality and the favorable optical properties of the Eu ions. These findings open the way for full integration of RE dopants for optoelectronic functionalities in the existing GaN platform.
Ant Colony Optimization Based Service Flow Scheduling with Various QoS Requirements in Cloud Computing (2011)

There are a mass of researches on the issue of scheduling in cloud computing, most of them, however, are bout workflow and job scheduling. There are fewer researches on service flow scheduling. Here we propose a model of service flow scheduling with various quality of service (QoS) requirements in cloud computing firstly, then we adopt the use of an ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm to optimize service flow scheduling. In our model, we use default rate to describe the radio of cloud service provider breaking service level agreement (SLA), and also introduce an SLA monitoring module to monitor the running state of cloud services.
DNA relatedness among strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli with divergent serogroup and hippurate reactions (1984)

Eleven strains of Campylobacter from earlier fluorescent-antibody studies were examined by DNA hybridization to determine their species. Three of the strains hydrolyzed sodium hippurate, and eight did not. Four of the hippurate-negative strains were in Campylobacter jejuni serogroups, and the remaining strains were in both C. jejuni and Campylobacter coli serogroups. DNA relatedness to type strains of C. jejuni and C. coli indicated that all three of the hippurate-positive strains and two of the hippurate-negative strains were C. jejuni. The six remaining hippurate-negative strains were C. coli. Two of the hippurate-negative strains in C. jejuni serogroups were C. jejuni, and two were C. coli. Three of the strains in serogroups of both species were C. jejuni, and four were C. coli. These studies confirm that a few strains of C. jejuni are hippurate negative and show that identical or highly related antigens are found in C. coli and C. jejuni.
Aging and Environmental Exposures Alter Tissue-Specific DNA Methylation Dependent upon CpG Island Context (2009)

Epigenetic control of gene transcription is critical for normal human development and cellular differentiation. While alterations of epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation have been linked to cancers and many other human diseases, interindividual epigenetic variations in normal tissues due to aging, environmental factors, or innate susceptibility are poorly characterized. The plasticity, tissue-specific nature, and variability of gene expression are related to epigenomic states that vary across individuals. Thus, population-based investigations are needed to further our understanding of the fundamental dynamics of normal individual epigenomes. We analyzed 217 non-pathologic human tissues from 10 anatomic sites at 1,413 autosomal CpG loci associated with 773 genes to investigate tissue-specific differences in DNA methylation and to discern how aging and exposures contribute to normal variation in methylation. Methylation profile classes derived from unsupervised modeling were significantly associated with age (P<0.0001) and were significant predictors of tissue origin (P<0.0001). In solid tissues (n = 119) we found striking, highly significant CpG island-dependent correlations between age and methylation; loci in CpG islands gained methylation with age, loci not in CpG islands lost methylation with age (P<0.001), and this pattern was consistent across tissues and in an analysis of blood-derived DNA. Our data clearly demonstrate age- and exposure-related differences in tissue-specific methylation and significant age-associated methylation patterns which are CpG island context-dependent. This work provides novel insight into the role of aging and the environment in susceptibility to diseases such as cancer and critically informs the field of epigenomics by providing evidence of epigenetic dysregulation by age-related methylation alterations. Collectively we reveal key issues to consider both in the construction of reference and disease-related epigenomes and in the interpretation of potentially pathologically important alterations.
Total body topical 5-fluorouracil for extensive non-melanoma skin cancer (2006)

In conclusion, total body topical 5- fluorouracil 5% cream application was successful in two patients with extensive NMSC. No detectable serum level of 5-fluorouracil could be determined. Pain and secondary infections were important side effects in our patients. However, in patients with extensive NMSC this treatment may be considered.
Electric Field‐Induced Dipole Switching at the Donor/Acceptor Interface in Organic Solar Cells (2012)

Order of dipole moment layers at donor and acceptor interfaces in bilayer organic solar cells is manipulated reversibly by applying bias voltages. The energy level shifts at the interfaces induce reversible changes in the open circuit voltage and the diode properties. This finding could lead to a better understanding of the structure-property relationship at the materials interfaces in organic optoelectronic devices.
Elektronenstrahl‐Meßtechnik zur Prüfung integrierter Schaltungen (1982)

Abstract Die Entwicklung von immer höher integrierten Schaltungen macht den Einsatz entsprechend empfindlicher Prüfmethoden erforderlich. Im folgenden Artikel werden elektronenoptische Verfahren beschrieben, die es gestatten, statische und dynamische elektrische Potentiale an beliebigen Punkten einer integrierten Schaltung zu messen. Dabei fungiert ein Elektronenstrahl als berührungslos und zerstörungsfrei arbeitende Meßsonde. Wie leistungsfähig die neue Meβtechnik ist, wird anhand einiger Beispiele gezeigt.