gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Recipes in C++: The Art of Scientific Computing (2nd edn) <sup>1</sup> Numerical Recipes Example Book (C++) (2nd edn) <sup>2</sup> Numerical Recipes Multi-Language Code CD ROM with LINUX or UNIX Single-Screen License Revised Version <sup>3</sup> (2003)

The two Numerical Recipes books are marvellous. The principal book, The Art of Scientific Computing, contains program listings for almost every conceivable requirement, and it also contains a well written discussion of the algorithms and the numerical methods involved. The Example Book provides a complete driving program, with helpful notes, for nearly all the routines in the principal book.
Volatile Leaf Constituents and Anticancer Activity of <i>Bursera Simaruba</i> (L.) Sarg. Essential Oil (2007)

Leaf volatile components of Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg., a native tree from tropical America used in traditional medicine, were extracted by hydrodistillation. The essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS. We have identified 38 compounds in this oil, of which limonene (46.7%), β-caryophyllene (14.7%), α-humulene (13.2%) and germacrene D (7.6%) are the major components. The anticancer activity of the essential oil was tested on human lung carcinoma cell line A-549 and human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, DLD-1. B. simaruba leaf essential oil was found to be active against both tumor cell lines, with a GI 50 of 42 ± 2 μg/mL for A-549 and 48 ± 2 μg/mL for DLD-1. The evaluation of the cytotoxic properties of the major constituents of the oil indicates that α-humulene is possibly responsible for this activity.
Alternative approaches to external chest compression. (1986)

The finding that blood flow during external chest compression may be due to increased intrathoracic pressure, and the subsequent reporting of increased carotid blood flow with simultaneous ventilation and chest compression or with abdominal binding during CPR ignited a flurry of investigations into alternative approaches to CPR. A number of alterations of the conventional CPR technique were proposed, many resulting in improved hemodynamics when compared with standard CPR techniques in the same subject. However, some of the proposed methods increased cerebral blood flow but decreased myocardial perfusion. Others improved systolic pressures but decreased vital organ blood flow. More importantly, most studies with survival as an end point failed to show a benefit when alternative approaches to CPR were used. Therefore, it is unlikely that there will be significant changes in the recommendations for the use of adjuncts during CPR. Not all studies support the conclusion that blood flow during closed-chest compression is secondary to increased intrathoracic pressure. It is probable that in man there is a spectrum. In some individuals the predominant mechanism of blood flow during CPR may be cardiac and/or vascular compression, and in others flow may be secondary to an increased intrathoracic pressure.
Family Outbreaks of Invasive Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection (2006)

Outbreaks of invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection within families are unusual. We investigated 2 family clusters of invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, including 1 in which a young mother died of fulminant pneumonia. Although surveillance via culture of family contacts of patients with invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection is not currently recommended, such clusters should stimulate reevaluation of preventive measures.
ResidualRanking: A robust access-point selection strategy for indoor location tracking (2009)

In this paper, we propose a robust approach to access point (AP) selection problem for the indoor location tracking. It takes the environments changes into account and makes use of residuals ranking algorithm to select those APs least sensitive to the environment changes in indoor location tracking, we call it ResidualRanking method, also we make an improvement of residual computing according to the properties of radio signals. Additionally, we present a location tracking system called BRR (Bayesian and Residuals Ranking) which is based on the Bayesian decision method and the ResidualRanking method we proposed. Finally, we make a comparison to the MaxMean AP selection method, and the experimental results indicate that the ResidualRanking method we proposed can achieve a better performance than the MaxMean method, also the proposed system BBR can get desirable results in the realist indoor location tracking.
Hypermethylation of E-cadherin in leukemia (2000)

E-cadherin gene is often termed a “metastasis suppressor” gene because the E-cadherin protein can suppress tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Inactivation of the E-cadherin gene occurs in undifferentiated solid tumors by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms; however, the role of E-cadherin in hematologic malignancies is only now being recognized. E-cadherin expression is essential for erythroblast and normoblast maturation, yet expression is reduced or absent in leukemic blast cells. This study examined the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of the E-cadherin gene in bone marrow and blood samples from normal donors and patients with leukemia. We found that all normal donor samples expressed E-cadherin mRNA, whereas both samples of acute myelogenous leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia had a significant reduction or absence of expression. However, normal blast counterparts expressed only a low level of E-cadherin surface protein. Sodium bisulphite genomic sequencing was used to fully characterize the methylation patterns of the CpG island associated with the E-cadherin gene promoter in those samples with matched DNA. All of the normal control samples were essentially unmethylated; however, 14 of 18 (78%) of the leukemia samples had abnormal hypermethylation of the E-cadherin CpG island. In fact both alleles of the E-cadherin gene were often hypermethylated. We conclude the E-cadherin gene is a common target for hypermethylation in hematologic malignancies.
Micromachining using ultrashort pulses from a laser oscillator (2001)

Oscillator-only micromachining in action. A train of femtosecond pulses from a laser oscillator is focused by a microscope objective into a thin glass sample.The bright blue spark is due to recombination of the electrons that are nonlinearly ionized by the pulses. Permanent structural changes are produced in the material at the laser focus.
Photochemical and Mutational Analysis of the FMN-Binding Domains of the Plant Blue Light Receptor, Phototropin<sup>,</sup> (2000)

The plant photoreceptor phototropin is an autophosphorylating serine-threonine protein kinase activated by UV-A/blue light. Two domains, LOV1 and LOV2, members of the PAS domain superfamily, mediate light sensing by phototropin. Heterologous expression studies have shown that both domains function as FMN-binding sites. Although three plant blue light photoreceptors, cry1, cry2, and phototropin, have been identified to date, the photochemical reactions underlying photoactivation of these light sensors have not been described so far. Herein, we demonstrate that the LOV domains of Avena sativa phototropin undergo a self-contained photocycle characterized by a loss of blue light absorbance in response to light and a spontaneous recovery of the blue light-absorbing form in the dark. Rate constants and quantum efficiencies for the photoreactions indicate that LOV1 exhibits a lower photosensitivity than LOV2. The spectral properties of the photoproduct produced for both LOV domains are unrelated to those found for photoreduced flavins and flavoproteins, but are consistent with those of a flavin-cysteinyl adduct. Flavin-thiol adducts are generally short-lifetime reaction intermediates formed during the flavoprotein-catalyzed reduction of protein disulfides. By site-directed mutagenesis, we have identified several amino acid residues within the putative chromophore binding site of LOV1 and LOV2 that appear to be important for FMN binding and/or the photochemical reactivity. Among those is Cys39, which plays an important role in the photochemical reaction of the LOV domains. Replacement of Cys39 with Ala abolished the photochemical reactions of both LOV domains. We therefore propose that light sensing by the phototropin LOV domains occurs via the formation of a stable adduct between the FMN chromophore and Cys39.
Structure of the Complex of Maclura pomiferaAgglutinin and the T-antigen Disaccharide, Galβ1,3GalNAc (1998)

Maclura pomifera agglutinin is a tetrameric plant seed lectin with high affinity for the tumor-associated T-antigen disaccharide, Galbeta1,3GalNAcalpha, and hence for many O-linked glycopeptide structures. Unlike members of most lectin families, it lacks both metal ions and Cys residues. The structure of its complex with Galbeta1,3GalNAc was determined to 2.2 by first using multiwavelength anomalous diffraction with a lead derivative of the native protein, and then using molecular replacement with the unrefined structure as a model to solve the structure of the complex. The subunits share the beta-prism architecture and three-fold pseudo-symmetry of the related lectin jacalin, with the 21-residue beta-chains in the center of the tetramer. Interactions with the GalNAc predominate in the binding of the disaccharide. It forms a network of H-bonds with only one side chain, from an Asp residue, the amino group of the N-terminal Gly of the alpha-chain, and peptide backbone atoms of two aromatic residues. The Gal moiety does not H-bond directly with residues in the same monomer, i.e. there is no true subsite for it, but there are interactions through two water molecules. In the crystal, it interacts with residues in the binding site of an adjacent tetramer. The minimum energy conformation expected for the disaccharide is retained, despite its mediating the tetramer-tetramer interactions in the crystal packing. The resulting lattice is comparable to those seen for complexes of other lectins with branched glycopeptides.
A Phosphorylation of Steroids and a Dienone-Phenol Rearrangement leading to a Secosteroidal Aldehyde Which has a Strong Toxicity (1974)

By the use of pyrophosphoryl chloride, 21-hydroxy-20-oxosteroids were phosphorylated in one step in quantitative yield. When the reaction was carried out on prednisolone at a higher temperature, a dienonephenol rearrangement and a simultaneous pinacolic shift took place resulting in the formation of 3, 21-diphosphate of C-nor-9, 10-secosteroidal aldehyde (A) as a by-product. This compound showed a cardioinhibitory and vasoconstricting activity and a strong toxicity to rabbits.
Effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on the prophylaxis and treatment of lung lesions in SLE (2000)

Objective To evaluate the effect of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist(IL 1ra) on the prophylaxis and treatment of SLE induced lung damages. Methods Twelve New Zealand black /white F1 lupus prone mice were divided randomly into 2 groups. Normal saline 0.1 ml in control mice and IL 1ra 100μg (0.1 ml) in experiment mice, respectively were injected intraperitonealy once every other week for 3 times totally. The activity of cytokines and the lung pathology were observed. Results (1) The activity of cytokines showed IL 2 was (23±4) and (18±3) U/ml ( P 0.05), nature killing cell was (76±21) and (45±4)% ( P 0.05), and IL 1α level was (173±78) and (442±100) pg/ml( P 0.01) in the experiment and control groups, respectively. (2) The lung pathology showed that infiltration of inflammatory cells around bronchium and vasculature, dilatation of blood capillary, and interstitial thickening and fibrosis in 5 of 6 control mice, and 4 of 6 experiment mice. The changes of lung pathology were obviously mild in experiment group compared with control group. Conclusion The preventive and treating effects of IL 1ra on SLE induced lung lesions were remarkable in alleviating the pathological changes. IL 1ra showed better effects on the prophylaxis and treatment of SLE induced lung damage.
Use of New Methods for Construction of Tightly Regulated Arabinose and Rhamnose Promoter Fusions in Studies of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> Phosphate Regulon (1998)

Escherichia coli genes regulated by environmental inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels form the phosphate (Pho) regulon. This regulation requires seven proteins, whose synthesis is under autogenous control, including response regulator PhoB, its partner, histidine sensor kinase PhoR, all four components of the Pi-specific transport (Pst) system (PstA, PstB, PstC, and PstS), and a protein of unknown function called PhoU. Here we examined the effects of uncoupling PhoB synthesis and PhoR synthesis from their normal controls by placing each under the tight control of the arabinose-regulated P(araB) promoter or the rhamnose-regulated P(rhaB) promoter. To do this, we made allele replacement plasmids that may be generally useful for construction of P(araB) or P(rhaB) fusions and for recombination of them onto the E. coli chromosome at the araCBAD or rhaRSBAD locus, respectively. Using strains carrying such single-copy fusions, we showed that a P(rhaB) fusion is more tightly regulated than a P(araB) fusion in that a P(rhaB)-phoR+ fusion but not a P(araB)-phoR+ fusion shows a null phenotype in the absence of its specific inducer. Yet in the absence of induction, both P(araB)-phoB+ and P(rhaB)-phoB+ fusions exhibit a null phenotype. These data indicate that less PhoR than PhoB is required for transcriptional activation of the Pho regulon, which is consistent with their respective modes of action. We also used these fusions to study PhoU. Previously, we had constructed strains with precise delta phoU mutations. However, we unexpectedly found that such delta phoU mutants have a severe growth defect (P. M. Steed and B. L. Wanner, J. Bacteriol. 175:6797-6809, 1993). They also readily give rise to compensatory mutants with lesions in phoB, phoR, or a pst gene, making their study particularly difficult. Here we found that, by using P(araB)-phoB+, P(rhaB)-phoB+, or P(rhaB)-phoR+ fusions, we were able to overcome the extremely deleterious growth defect of a Pst+ delta phoU mutant. The growth defect is apparently a consequence of high-level Pst synthesis resulting from autogenous control of PhoB and PhoR synthesis in the absence of PhoU.
Automatic VHDL synthesizability checking based on the user-defined rules for ASIC design (2003)

The development of an automatic VHDL synthesizability checker (VSC) for an ASIC design VSC helps an ASIC designer to confirm the synthesizability of a VHDL model in the early stage of design, even before the simulation. Unlike a checker within a synthesizer, VSC performs the checking process based on the user-defined synthesis rule set. VSC provides an ASIC designer with flexible control over the checking process. It also allows a designer to handle the different synthesizable VHDL subsets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Very small ultra-wide-band MMIC magic T and applications to combiners and dividers (1989)

An FET-sized 1-18-GHz monolithic active magic T (180 degrees hybrid) is proposed. It unifies two different dividers, electrically isolated from each other, in a GaAs FET electrode configuration; this is the line unified FET (LUFET) concept. Its characteristics and experimental results are presented. Applications of the magic T to miniature wideband RF signal processing modules such as dividers, combiners, and switches are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of the extraction mode on the yield of hyperoside, vitexin and vitexin‐2′′‐<i>O</i>‐rhamnoside from <i>Crataegus monogyna</i> Jacq. (hawthorn) (2008)

A microwave protocol combined with isocratic HPLC analysis is proposed for the rapid screening of plant materials collected in different environmental conditions in order to evaluate the productivity of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. and to find out the best ecological conditions to cultivate hawthorn in Northern Italy.
Balanced neural architecture and the idling brain (2014)

A signature feature of cortical spike trains is their trial-to-trial variability. This variability is large in the spontaneous state and is reduced when cortex is driven by a stimulus or task. Models of recurrent cortical networks with unstructured, yet balanced, excitation and inhibition generate variability consistent with evoked conditions. However, these models produce spike trains which lack the long timescale fluctuations and large variability exhibited during spontaneous cortical dynamics. We propose that global network architectures which support a large number of stable states (attractor networks) allow balanced networks to capture key features of neural variability in both spontaneous and evoked conditions. We illustrate this using balanced spiking networks with clustered assembly, feedforward chain, and ring structures. By assuming that global network structure is related to stimulus preference, we show that signal correlations are related to the magnitude of correlations in the spontaneous state. Finally, we contrast the impact of stimulation on the trial-to-trial variability in attractor networks with that of strongly coupled spiking networks with chaotic firing rate instabilities, recently investigated by Ostojic (2014). We find that only attractor networks replicate an experimentally observed stimulus-induced quenching of trial-to-trial variability. In total, the comparison of the trial-variable dynamics of single neurons or neuron pairs during spontaneous and evoked activity can be a window into the global structure of balanced cortical networks.
Luminescent Properties of Lanthanide Nitrato Complexes with Substituted Bis(benzimidazolyl)pyridines (1997)

The protonated form of the ligand 2,6-bis(1'-methylbenzimidazol-2'-yl)pyridine crystallizes as its perchlorate salt (HL(1))ClO(4) (1) in the orthorhombic system Pbca, with a = 13.976(3) Å, b = 14.423(3) Å, c = 19.529(4) Å, Z = 8. The proton is located on one benzimidazole N-atom, and the two N-methyl substituents lie on the same side of the pyridine N-atom (cisoid conformation). New 1:1 nitrato complexes of composition [Eu(NO(3))(3)(L(i)())](solv')(y)() have been isolated with L(4) (4), L(6) (5), L(7) (6), and L(8) (7), and their structural and photophysical properties are compared with those of the previously reported complexes [Eu(NO(3))(3)(L(1))(MeOH)] (2) and [Eu(NO(3))(3)(L(3))] (3). The crystal and molecular structure of [Eu(NO(3))(3)(L(7))(MeCN)].2.5MeCN at 180 K (6a, triclinic, P&onemacr;, a = 12.137(2) Å, b = 14.988(3) Å, c = 16.926(3) Å, alpha = 114.52(3) degrees, beta = 98.28(3) degrees, gamma = 103.99(3) degrees, Z = 2) shows a decacoordinated Eu(III) ion to six O-atoms from the nitrates, three N-atoms from L(7), and one N-atom from a coordinated MeCN. The metal-centered luminescence arising upon ligand excitation in the solid state is analyzed in terms of nephelauxetic effects of the ligand and crystal field splitting of the (7)F(1) level. Quantum yields of 10(-3) and 10(-)(4) M solutions in MeCN are substituent dependent and may be rationalized by taking into account several factors, including the energy of the ligand singlet and triplet levels and the arrangement of the ligands in the first coordination sphere. We also show that the quantum yield of the ligand-centered luminescence decreases in the order L(1) > [La(NO(3))(3)(L(1))]MeOH > [La(L(1))(3)](ClO(4))(3).
Book Review: “Cerebral Small Vessel Disease”. What’s the Big Deal about Small Vessels? (2015)

BOOK REVIEW article Front. Neurol., 10 August 2015Sec. Stroke Volume 6 - 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2015.00175
Simplified Low-Noise He–Cd Laser with Segmented Bore (1971)

A simplified He–Cd laser using a segmented-bore design has produced 10 mW at 4416 Å and 2.5 mW at 3250 Å in a 2-mm-bore 26-cm-length discharge using naturally occurring Cd. A low-noise output can be obtained at a slight sacrifice in peak power.
Database Architectures for New Hardware (2005)

Few years ago, DBMS stored data on disks and cached recently used data in main memory buffer pools, while designers worried about improving I/O performance and maximizing main memory utilization. Today, however, databases live in multi-level memory hierarchies that include disks, main memories, and several levels of processor caches. Recent research shows that all levels of the underlying computer hardware and devices directly influence database performance. This paper aims at (a) explaining why database performance depends on modern processor and memory microarchitectures, (b) surveying and contrasting research on the topic over the past decade, and (c) discussing future research challenges.
Email and knowledge management (2003)

In this paper, we investigate the advantages of email for knowledge management (KM) by undertaking a feature analysis of the email tool Eudora, and a discourse analysis of messages and conversations in an email archive. We believe the advantages of email for KM have contributed to the appropriation of email for everyday knowledge work. We provide a table of the characteristics of KM in email, an analysis of knowledge development and creation in email, and an understanding of the considerable advantages of email for knowledge work. Our results may prove useful to companies in suggesting objectives, features and managerial interventions for other KM tools and endeavours. The research findings also provide support for the recognition of email in formal organisational KM strategy.
Structure of a DNA−Bisdaunomycin Complex<sup>,</sup> (1997)

The application of detailed structural data bases has now culminated in the successful design of a new generation of bisanthracyclines that form ultratight DNA complexes [Chaires, J. B., Leng, F., Przewloka, T., Fokt, I., Ling, Y. H., Perez-Soler, R., & Priebe, W. (1997) J. Med. Chem. 40, 261-266]. Daunomycin dimers were designed to bind to DNA in complexes resembling those of monomers intercalated at adjacent sites. The goal of the work described here was to determine, with X-ray crystallography, if a potent member of this newly designed and synthesized class of bisanthracyclines (WP631) binds as intended. WP631 is composed of two daunomycin molecules, linked N3' to N3' by a xylyl group. We have solved the 2.2 A X-ray crystal structure of a complex of WP631 bound to [d(CGATCG)]2. We demonstrate, on a detailed molecular level, that the WP631 design strategy is a success. The structures of WP631 and two daunomycin molecules bound to [d(CGATCG)]2 provide the unprecedented opportunity for detailed comparison of mono- and bis-intercalated complexes of the same chromophore, allowing us to distinguish effects of mono-intercalation from those of bis-intercalation. Differences are focused primarily in the centers of the complexes. DNA unwinding and other helical distortions propagate more efficiently to the center of the WP631 complex than to the center of the daunomycin complex.