gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding Android App Piggybacking: A Systematic Study of Malicious Code Grafting (2017)

The Android packaging model offers ample opportunities for malware writers to piggyback malicious code in popular apps, which can then be easily spread to a large user base. Although recent research has produced approaches and tools to identify piggybacked apps, the literature lacks a comprehensive investigation into such phenomenon. We fill this gap by: 1) systematically building a large set of piggybacked and benign apps pairs, which we release to the community; 2) empirically studying the characteristics of malicious piggybacked apps in comparison with their benign counterparts; and 3) providing insights on piggybacking processes. Among several findings providing insights analysis techniques should build upon to improve the overall detection and classification accuracy of piggybacked apps, we show that piggybacking operations not only concern app code, but also extensively manipulates app resource files, largely contradicting common beliefs. We also find that piggybacking is done with little sophistication, in many cases automatically, and often via library code.
Elucidating the Role of CO<sub>2</sub> in the Soft Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane over Ceria-Based Catalysts (2018)

A mixed oxide support containing Ce, Zr, and Al was synthesized using a physical grinding method and applied in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane using CO2 as the oxidant. The activity of the support was compared with that of fully formulated catalysts containing palladium. The Pd/CeZrAlOx material exhibited long-term stability and selectivity to propene (during continuous operation for 140 h), which is not normally associated with dehydrogenation catalysts. From temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 and CO2 it was found that the catalyst possessed both acidic and basic sites. In addition, temperature-programmed reduction showed that palladium promoted both the reduction and reoxidation of the support. When the role of CO2 was investigated in the absence of gas-phase oxidant, using a temporal analysis of products (TAP) reactor, it was found that CO2 dissociates over the reduced catalyst, leading to formation of CO and selective oxygen species. It is proposed that CO2 has the dual role of regenerating selective oxygen species and shifting the equilibrium for alkane dehydrogenation by consuming H2 through the reverse water-gas-shift reaction. These two mechanistic functions have previously been considered to be mutually exclusive.
The Hobbit : film (2012)

Trilogie de longs-metrages de science-fiction. - Trilogie d'apres le roman de John Ronald Reuel Tolkien The Hobbit
Performance analysis of the total least squares ESPRIT algorithm (1991)

The asymptotic distribution of the estimation error for the total least squares (TLS) version of ESPRIT is derived. The application to a uniform linear array is treated in some detail, and a generalization of ESPRIT to include row weighting is discussed. The Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for the ESPRIT problem formulation is derived and found to coincide with the asymptotic variance of the TLS ESPRIT estimates through numerical examples. A comparison of this method to least squares ESPRIT, MUSIC, and Root-MUSIC as well as to the CRB for a calibrated array is also presented. TLS ESPRIT is found to be competitive with the other methods, and the performance is close to the calibrated CRB for many cases of practical interest. For highly correlated signals, however, the performance deviates significantly from the calibrated CRB. Simulations are included to illustrate the applicability of the theoretical results to a finite number of data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mass Outbreak of Food Poisoning Disease Caused by Small Amounts of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A and H (2005)

It was believed that food poisoning in Osaka in 2000 was due to small amounts of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) in reconstituted milk. Results of this study clearly indicate that SEH was also present in the raw material of reconstituted milk, indicating that the food poisoning was caused by multiple staphylococcal enterotoxins.
18F-Florbetaben PET beta-amyloid binding expressed in Centiloids (2017)

<sup>18</sup>F-FBB binding is strongly correlated with PiB binding and FBB results can now be expressed in CL units.
Materials and Innovations for Large Blade Structures: Research Opportunities in Wind Energy Technology. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Phytoestrogens/Flavonoids Reverse Breast Cancer Resistance Protein/ABCG2-Mediated Multidrug Resistance (2004)

Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), also called ABCG2, confers resistance to anticancer agents such as 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), mitoxantrone, and topotecan. We found previously that sulfated estrogens are physiologic substrates of BCRP. Flavonoids with weak estrogenic activities are called phytoestrogens. In this study, we show that phytoestrogens/flavonoids, such as genistein, naringenin, acacetin, and kaempferol, potentiated the cytotoxicity of SN-38 and mitoxantrone in BCRP-transduced K562 (K562/BCRP) cells. Some glycosylated flavonoids, such as naringenin-7-glucoside, also effectively inhibited BCRP. These flavonoids showed marginal effect on the drug sensitivity of K562 cells. Genistein and naringenin reversed neither P-glycoprotein-mediated vincristine resistance nor multidrug resistance-related protein 1-mediated VP-16 resistance. Genistein and naringenin increased cellular accumulation of topotecan in K562/BCRP cells. K562/BCRP cells also accumulated less [(3)H]genistein than K562 cells. [(3)H]genistein transport in the basal-to-apical direction was greater in BCRP-transduced LLC-PK1 (LLC/BCRP) cells, which express exogenous BCRP in the apical membrane, than in parental cells. Fumitremorgin C abolished the increased transport of [(3)H]genistein in LLC/BCRP cells compared with parental cells. TLC analysis revealed that genistein was transported in its native form but not in its metabolized form. These results suggest that genistein is among the natural substrates of BCRP and competitively inhibits BCRP-mediated drug efflux. The results have two important clinical implications: (a) flavonoids and glycosylated flavonoids may be useful in overcoming BCRP-mediated drug resistance in tumor cells; and (b) coadministration of flavonoids with BCRP-substrate antitumor agents may alter the pharmacokinetics and consequently increase the toxicity of specific antitumor agents in cancer patients.
Calculation of relative damage thresholds for total internal reflection surfaces (2001)

This paper presents an explicit derivation of relative damage threshold for entrance, exit and total internal reflection (TIR) surfaces. This rederivation presented in this paper is necessary, since the literature due to Crisp is in disagreement over the results for TIR surfaces. As it was not clear which reference is the correct calculation, a careful and explicit revisitation is required to adjudicate between the two works. Specifically, reference 2 (Crisp 1973), gives as equation (8) the ratio of entrance face to s to p polarization thresholds.
Research on Modeling Traversing Features in Concurrent Software System (2008)

An approach on modeling traversing features in concurrent software system was presented, which is based on aspect-oriented techniques and statecharts of unified modeling language (UML). Modeled with UML statecharts diagrams, the primary system functions and corresponding traversal features are enveloped into various orthogonal regions of a composite state respectively. The mutual relationships between orthogonal regions are implied by the orders of broadcast events. With modular transition system, a basic computational model, the formalization description of aspect-oriented statechart models was proposed. The precise semantics of model elements and modeling procedures was also given. The case study indicates that the strategy of separation of traversing features is implemented in design phrase of concurrent software system with this method. And, the advantages of this software modeling approach are loose couple, adaptability and traceability.
Replication Increases β-Cell Vulnerability to Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide-Induced Apoptosis (2003)

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a relative beta-cell deficit as a result of increased beta-cell apoptosis and islet amyloid derived from the beta-cell peptide islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). Human IAPP (h-IAPP) but not mouse IAPP (m-IAPP) induces apoptosis when applied to cells in culture, a property that depends on the propensity of h-IAPP to oligomerize. Since beta-cell mass is regulated, the question arises as to why it is not adaptively increased in response to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. This adaptation might fail if dividing beta-cells preferentially underwent apoptosis. We tested the hypothesis that beta-cells are preferentially vulnerable to h-IAPP-induced apoptosis. We established a microculture environment to perform time-lapse video microscopy (TLVM) and studied beta-cells (RIN) and HeLa cells undergoing replication or apoptosis. Sequential images (every 10 min for 36 h in RIN or 24 h in HeLa cells) of cells in vivo were analyzed, and each mitotic and apoptotic event was documented. Freshly dissolved h-IAPP caused a dose-dependent increased rate of apoptosis (P < 0.0001) in both cell types. At low and medium levels of toxicity, cells that had previously undergone mitosis were more vulnerable to h-IAPP-induced apoptosis than nondividing cells (P < 0.05). In the first 3 h after mitosis (full cell cycle length 26 +/- 0.6 h), beta-cells were particularly susceptible to h-IAPP-induced apoptosis (P < 0.05). Neither m-IAPP nor mature amyloid aggregates of h-IAPP were cytotoxic (P = 0.49). To corroborate these cell culture studies, we examined sections of human pancreatic tissue (five cases of type 2 diabetes) and human islets incubated for 48 h +/- h-IAPP. Both were stained for apoptosis with the transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling method and analyzed for the presence of paired apoptotic cells anticipated in the event of postmitotic apoptosis. In human pancreatic tissue 26 +/- 5% (single plane of examination) and in human islets incubated with h-IAPP 44 +/- 4% of apoptotic islet cells were paired. In conclusion, replicating beta-cells are preferentially vulnerable to h-IAPP-induced apoptosis in cell culture. Postmitotic apoptosis was also documented in humans with type 2 diabetes and in human islet tissue. We postulate that beta-cell deficiency in type 2 diabetes may result in part from failure to adaptively increase beta-cell mass due to increased vulnerability of replicating beta-cells to undergo apoptosis. If this postulate is correct, then inhibition of apoptosis should allow recovery of beta-cell mass in type 2 diabetes.
Improving solubilization in microemulsions with additives. 2. Long chain alcohols as lipophilic linkers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproving solubilization in microemulsions with additives. 2. Long chain alcohols as lipophilic linkersA. Graciaa, J. Lachaise, C. Cucuphat, M. Bourrel, and J. L. SalagerCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 12, 3371–3374Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00036a008https://doi.org/10.1021/la00036a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views465Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Dependence Of Galaxy Properties On Group X-Ray Luminosity And Dynamics (2017)

Star formation rates and morphologies of galaxies, particularly low-mass galaxies, are strongly linked to the properties of their environment. Using a large sample of galaxies in SDSS groups, we investigate the dependence of star formation and morphology on host properties such as the X-ray luminosity and dynamical state, while controlling for stellar and halo mass. We find that galaxy populations in groups with strong X-ray emission have preferentially low star-forming and disc fractions, both within and beyond the radius associated with the X-ray emission. Additionally, we consider the effect of group dynamics on the properties of member galaxies and the infalling galaxy population separately. We show that the fraction of both star-forming and disc galaxies are independent of dynamical state for galaxies at large group-centric radii, while galaxies within the inner regions of the halo are sensitive to the dynamical state of their host group. Specifically, low-mass galaxies in unrelaxed groups show higher star-forming -- though no difference is detected when considering disc fractions. Together these findings help constrain the mechanisms at play in environmentally driven galaxy evolution.
Follow my leader (2005)

Where as targets exist for the speedy referral of a woman with suspected breast cancer to receive diagnosis and possible therapy, there is no such official guidance for her care after the disease has been treated. Jane Rogersdiscusses the practicalities of nurse-led follow-up clinics for breast cancer patients
Conformational basis for the Li<sup>+</sup>‐induced leak current in the rat γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter‐1 (2002)

The rat gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter-1 (GAT-1) was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and the substrate-independent Li(+)-induced leak current was examined using two-electrode voltage clamp. The leak current was not affected by the addition of GABA and was not due to H(+) permeation. The Li(+)-bound conformation of the protein displayed a lower passive water permeability than that of the Na(+)- and choline (Ch(+))-bound conformations and the leak current did not saturate with increasing amounts of Li(+) in the test solution. The mechanism that gives rise to the leak current did not support active water transport in contrast to the mechanism responsible for GABA translocation (approximately 330 water molecules per charge). Altogether, these data support the distinct nature of the leak conductance in relation to the substrate translocation process. It was observed that the leak current was inhibited by low millimolar concentrations of Na(+) (the apparent affinity constant, K'(0.5) = 3 mM). In addition, it was found that the GABA transport current was sustained at correspondingly low Na(+) concentrations if Li(+) was present instead of choline. This is consistent with a model in which Li(+) can bind and substitute for Na(+) at the putative "first" apparently low-affinity Na(+) binding site. In the absence of Na(+), this allows a Li(+)-permeable channel to open at hyperpolarized potentials. Occupancy of the "second" apparently high-affinity Na(+) binding site by addition of low millimolar concentrations of Na(+) restrains the transporter from moving into a leak conductance mode as well as allowing maintenance of GABA-elicited transport-associated current.
Optical attenuators based on fluid-filled photonic crystal fibers (2013)

We report a thermo-optic attenuator by means of filling a fluid into air holes of a solid-core photonic crystal fiber. Such an attenuator can perform a 30 dB attenuation operation of the transmitted light near the wavelength of 1200 nm via a small temperature adjustment of ±10 °C. The attenuation function attributes to the absorption of the filled fluid in combination with the interaction between the core mode and the excited ‘fluid rod’ modes, resulting from the thermo-optic effect of the filled fluid.
Towards physics-based segmentation of photographic color images (2002)

In many digital image processing applications, image segmentation is required to provide initial partitioning of local image regions based on certain statistical or contextual homogeneity measures. One goal of image segmentation would be to segment the image into regions that correspond to physically and semantically coherent objects in the scene. We propose an improved color segmentation algorithm by taking advantage of a simple "k-mode" algorithm and an adaptive Bayesian k-means algorithm. The "k-mode" algorithm uses a physics-based distance metric to generate regular partitioning of the color space. The adaptive k-means algorithm utilizes two additional mechanisms, i.e., spatial homogeneity constraints and spatial adaptivity, to achieve more robust and coherent segmentation. The proposed algorithm integrates a physically more meaningful color space and the corresponding color difference metric into the the adaptive Bayesian K-means framework in an effort towards physics-based segmentation of photographic color images.
AutoMAP: Diagnose Your Microservice-based Web Applications Automatically (2020)

The high complexity and dynamics of the microservice architecture make its application diagnosis extremely challenging. Static troubleshooting approaches may fail to obtain reliable model applies for frequently changing situations. Even if we know the calling dependency of services, we lack a more dynamic diagnosis mechanism due to the existence of indirect fault propagation. Besides, algorithm based on single metric usually fail to identify the root cause of anomaly, as single type of metric is not enough to characterize the anomalies occur in diverse services. In view of this, we design a novel tool, named AutoMAP, which enables dynamic generation of service correlations and automated diagnosis leveraging multiple types of metrics. In AutoMAP, we propose the concept of anomaly behavior graph to describe the correlations between services associated with different types of metrics. Two binary operations, as well as a similarity function on behavior graph are defined to help AutoMAP choose appropriate diagnosis metric in any particular scenario. Following the behavior graph, we design a heuristic investigation algorithm by using forward, self, and backward random walk, with an objective to identify the root cause services. To demonstrate the strengths of AutoMAP, we develop a prototype and evaluate it in both simulated environment and real-work enterprise cloud system. Experimental results clearly indicate that AutoMAP achieves over 90% precision, which significantly outperforms other selected baseline methods. AutoMAP can be quickly deployed in a variety of microservice-based systems without any system knowledge. It also supports introduction of various expert knowledge to improve accuracy.
The effects of irradiation on platelet function (1988)

Current medical practice involves the irradiation of blood components, including platelet concentrates, before their administration to patients with severe immunosuppression. The authors studied the effect of irradiation on in vitro platelet function and the leaching of plasticizers from the bag, both immediately and after 5 days of storage. The platelet count, white cell count, pH, glucose, lactate, platelet aggregation and release reaction, and serotonin uptake were not altered by the irradiation of random-donor or apheresis units with 2000 rads carried out at 0 and 24 hours and 5 days after collection. The leaching of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate from the plastic bags followed by the conversion to mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was not increased by irradiation. Therefore, it is possible to irradiate platelet concentrates on the day of collection and subsequently store them for at least 5 days while maintaining in vitro function. This procedure could have considerable benefit for blood banks involved in the provision of many platelet products.
Active Control of Graphene-Based Unidirectional Surface Plasmon Launcher (2015)

The manipulation of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagation is a basic subject for the realization of novel optical devices. Although the unidirectional SPP launcher has been demonstrated, it has been difficult to realize active control suitable for device applications. Here, we propose a graphene device with electrically controllable propagation of SPPs. The source/drain electrode of this device is made of a reflective antenna pair structure, with its optical resonance controlled by the corresponding applied voltage. With appropriate source and drain bias, this device can serve as a good unidirectional SPP launcher, with a high extinction ratio over 2000 and generation efficiency of 0.38. The electrical control allows us to tune the propagation of SPPs with significant flexibility, which may be used for future novel plasmonic devices and photonic circuits.
Morphable DPU: Smart and efficient data path for signal processing applications (2009)

A coarse grained morphable Datapath Unit (mDPU) has been proposed. This mDPU implements multiplier in a smart way that enables the component adders to be reused when we do not need the multiplier. A pipelined design further enhances the design by creating a balanced datapath in temporal sense. These two features results in a design that optimally uses silicon and time. A judicious set of coarse granular instructions are enabled by the mDPU that we show can implement typical signal processing functions. A radix-2 64 point FFT has been implemented in 90 nm technology using the proposed mDPUs and performance and energy results from physical design phase are reported and compared to a state-of-the-art comparable design from the research community. 4X improvement in performance and 2.5X improvement in power-performance product are reported.