gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated subcortical segmentation using FIRST: Test-retest reliability, interscanner reliability, and comparison to manual segmentation (2012)

Multiple techniques exist for the automated segmentation of magnetic resonance images (MRIs). The validity of these techniques can be assessed by evaluating test-retest reliability, interscanner reliability, and consistency with manual segmentation. We evaluate these measures for the FSL/FIRST subcortical segmentation tool. We retrospectively analyzed 190 MRI scans from 87 subjects with mood or anxiety disorders and healthy volunteers scanned multiple times on different platforms (N = 56) and/or the same platform (N = 45, groups overlap), and 146 scans from subjects who underwent both high-resolution and whole brain imaging in a single session, for comparison with manual segmentation of the hippocampus. The thalamus, caudate, putamen, hippocampus, and pallidum were reliably segmented in different sessions on the same scanner (Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.83 scanners and diagnostic groups pooled). In these regions, the range of between platform reliabilities were lower (0.527 < ICC < 0.953), although values below 0.7 were due to systematic differences between platforms or low reliability in the hippocampus between eight- and single-channel coil platforms. Accumbens and amygdala segmentations were generally unreliable within and between scanning platforms. ICC values for hippocampal volumes between automated and manual segmentations were acceptable (ICC > 0.7, groups pooled), and both methods detected significant differences between genders. In addition, FIRST segmentations were consistent with manual segmentations (in a subset of images; N = 20) in the left caudate and bilateral putamen. This retrospective analysis assesses realistic performance of the algorithm in conditions like those found in multisite trials or meta-analyses. In addition, the inclusion of psychiatric patients establishes reliability in subjects exhibiting volumetric abnormalities, validating patient studies.
Imaging with modular linear arrays of cryogenic Nb microbolometers (2008)

We present ultrawideband imagery obtained with modular, 8-element, superconducting Nb microbolometer arrays. Conically scanned images are presented and compared with raster-scanned images obtained on the same arrays and from similar NbN arrays at VTT. Statistical data on detector non-uniformity, and methods for mitigating and compensating it are described. Low-noise readout is accomplished with room-temperature electronics using the transimpedance scheme of Pentilla et al. Characterization of spatial resolution, noise-equivalent temperature difference, and spectral response is done using metrology tools - standard targets, mm-wave blackbodies, and variable filters - that have been developed at NIST for this purpose.
A Biochemical Model of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Activation and Inhibition (2007)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of extracellular and membrane-bound proteases involved in an array of physiological processes, including angiogenesis. We present a detailed computational model of MMP9 activation and inhibition. Our model is validated to existing biochemical experimental data. We determine kinetic rate constants for the processes of MMP9 activation by MMP3, MMP10, MMP13, and trypsin; inhibition by the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) 1 and 2; and MMP9 deactivation. This computational approach allows us to investigate discrepancies in our understanding of the interaction of MMP9 with TIMP1. Specifically, we find that inhibition due to a single binding event cannot describe MMP9 inhibition by TIMP1. Temporally accurate biphasic inhibition requires either an additional isomerization step or a second lower affinity isoform of MMP9. We also theoretically characterize the MMP3/TIMP2/pro-MMP9 and MMP3/TIMP1/pro-MMP9 systems. We speculate that these systems differ significantly in their time scales of activation and inhibition such that MMP9 is able to temporarily overshoot its final equilibrium value in the latter. Our numerical simulations suggest that the ability of pro-MMP9 to complex TIMP1 increases this overshoot. In all, our analysis serves as a summary of existing kinetic data for MMP9 and a foundation for future models utilizing MMP9 or other MMPs under physiologically well defined microenvironments.
Technology the Lab School Way: A Multisensory Empowering Experience for Students with Severe Learning Disabilities and ADHD (1999)

The experiential learning and arts-based approach of The Lab School of Washington relies on stretching the intellect and tapping the originality and creativity of each student. Described are projects that use technology as a valuable tool in teaching students with learning disabilities and software that enables the student to demonstrate knowledge and talent. Active learning is portrayed through content-based student originated productions as opposed to the passive learning and routine drill usually associated with computers. Teaching approaches using the computer and specific soft ware are matched with characteristics of learning disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Chemical methods for mapping cysteine oxidation (2017)

Cysteine residues in proteins are subject to diverse redox chemistry. Oxidation of cysteine to S-nitrosocysteine, cysteine sulfenic and sulfinic acids, disulfides and persulfides are a few prominent examples of these oxidative post-translational modifications. In living organisms, these modifications often play key roles in cell signalling and protein function, but a full account of this biochemistry is far from complete. It is therefore an important goal in chemical biology to identify what proteins are subjected to these modifications and understand their physiological function. This review provides an overview of these modifications, how they can be detected and quantified using chemical probes, and how this information provides insight into their role in biology. This survey also highlights future opportunities in the study of cysteine redox chemistry, the challenges that await chemists and biologists in this area of study, and how meeting such challenges might reveal valuable information for biomedical science.
Weak Cation Exchange Softening: Long Term Experience and Recent Developments (2003)

Introduction Weak cation softening systems operate in several factories in the U.S. beet sugar industry including the highest slice location (16,000 tons/day at the Amalgamated Sugar LLC's Mini­ Cassia factory in Paul, Idaho). The earliest installed system, in Twin Falls, Idaho, has been operating since 1984. Although a novelty at the time, this system is now the longest operating beet juice softening system in the U.S. and weak cation softening is now looked upon as a time proven process. The technology continues to advance with the introduction of process intensified fractal configurations.
Neural Nets in Electric Fish (1991)

Part 1 Introduction: why study electric fish? experimental strategies. Part 2 The behaviour and ecology of electric fish: types of electric fish and their electric organ discharges evolutionary and ecological considerations noise and signal interference. Part 3 The jamming avoidance response of Eigenmannia: the experimental opening of a loop behavioral rules for the JAR. Part 4 Neuronal implementation of the jamming avoidance response: the coding of amplitude and phase modulations by tuberous electroreceptors the electrosensory lateral line lobe details in the circuitry of the ELL and its modulation by recurrent descending input from the nucleus praeeminentialis the torus semicircularis the gating of amplitude information by phase information - a mechanisms for discriminating the sign of Df projections of the torus semicircularis - the search for the pathway controlling the JAR the diencephalic nucleus electrosensorius, a sensory-motor interface the diencephalic prepacemaker nucleus the medullary pacemaker nucleus - control of the electric organ a summary flow diagram of neuronal structures and functions controlling the JAR. Part 5 General principles in the neuronal organization of the jamming avoidance response: the separation of task-specific sensory channels the central convergence of channels and the conversion of neuronal codes the representation of stimulus variables in ordered maps the emergence of recognition neurons and motor programs the distributed processing of sensory information and the shared use of neuronal circuits the control of motivational states through social signals recurrent descending loops - searchlights and central representations of sensory expectation? developmental and evolutionary considerations.
Ammonia, 2. Production Processes (2011)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Historical Development 3. Thermodynamic Data 4. Ammonia Synthesis Reaction 4.1. General Aspects 4.2. Catalyst Surface and Reaction Mechanism 4.3. Kinetics 5. Catalysts 5.1. Classical Iron Catalysts 5.1.1. Composition 5.1.2. Particle Size and Shape 5.1.3. Catalyst‐Precursor Manufacture 5.1.4. Catalyst Reduction 5.1.5. Catalyst Poisons 5.2. Other Catalysts 5.2.1. General Aspects 5.2.2. Metals with Catalytic Potential 5.2.3. Commercial Ruthenium Catalysts 6. Process Steps of Ammonia Production 6.1. Synthesis Gas Production 6.1.1. Feedstock Pretreatment and Raw Gas Production 6.1.2. Carbon Monoxide Shift Conversion 6.1.3. Gas Purification 6.2. Compression 6.3. Ammonia Synthesis 6.3.1. Synthesis Loop Configurations 6.3.2. Formation of Ammonia in the Converter 6.3.3. Waste‐Heat Utilization and Cooling 6.3.4. Ammonia Recovery from the Ammonia Synthesis Loop 6.3.5. Inert‐Gas and Purge‐Gas Management 6.3.6. Influence of Pressure and Other Variables of the Synthesis Loop 6.3.7. Example of an Industrial Synthesis Loop
Freeze-Dried Plasma at the Point of Injury (2013)

While early plasma transfusion for the treatment of patients with ongoing major hemorrhage is widely accepted as part of the standard of care in the hospital setting, logistic constraints have limited its use in the out-of-hospital setting. Freeze-dried plasma (FDP), which can be stored at ambient temperatures, enables early treatment in the out-of-hospital setting. Point-of-injury plasma transfusion entails several significant advantages over currently used resuscitation fluids, including the avoidance of dilutional coagulopathy, by minimizing the need for crystalloid infusion, beneficial effects on endothelial function, physiological pH level, and better maintenance of intravascular volume compared with crystalloid-based solutions. The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps policy is that plasma is the resuscitation fluid of choice for selected, severely wounded patients and has thus included FDP as part of its armamentarium for use at the point of injury by advanced life savers, across the entire military. We describe the clinical rationale behind the use of FDP at the point-of-injury, the drafting of the administration protocol now being used by Israel Defense Forces advanced life support providers, the process of procurement and distribution, and preliminary data describing the first casualties treated with FDP at the point of injury. It is our hope that others will be able to learn from our experience, thus improving trauma casualty care around the world.
Triterpenoid Glycosides from Leaves of <i>Medicago arborea</i> L. (2005)

Eighteen triterpene saponins (1-18) from Medicago arborea leaves have been isolated and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic, spectrometric (1D and 2D NMR, FAB-MS, ESI-MS/MS), and chemical methods. They have been identified as glycosides of medicagenic, zanhic, and 2beta-hydroxyoleanolic acids, soyasapogenol B, bayogenin, and 2beta,3beta-dihydroxyolean-12-en-23-al-28-oic acid. Twelve of them, identified as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside] zanhic acid (3), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside] zanhic acid (4), 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-2beta-hydroxyoleanolic acid (5), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside]medicagenic acid (6), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside]bayogenin (9), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside]-2beta,3beta-dihydroxyolean-12-en-23-al-28-oic acid (10), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl(1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside]zanhic acid (12), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranoside(1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyrano-syl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside]zanhic acid (13), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-[beta-D-xylopyrano-syl(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside]zanhic acid (14), 3-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-[beta-D-apiofurano-syl(1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside]zanhic acid (16), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyrano-syl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamno-pyranosyl (1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside]zanhic acid (17), and 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl(1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyrano-side]medicagenic acid (18), are reported as new natural compounds. The presence of the aldehydic group on the sapogenin moiety of saponin 10 is discussed in the framework of a possible elucidation of the biosynthesis of these metabolites.
Evaluation of front flux guide-type magnetic tunnel junction heads (2000)

Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) heads have been successfully fabricated using the free layer as flux guide to prevent electrical short during the definition of the air bearing surface (ABS). For a 6 Gbits/in/sup 2/ design, an output as high as 5740 /spl mu/Vpp was achieved for 3 mA sense current, and the output waveform was stable and noise free. Noise analysis confirmed that shot noise is prevailing in these MTJ heads, suggesting that the junction resistance has to be further reduced to challenge spin-valve heads in terms of signal to noise ratio. Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert simulations showed that for 20 Gbits/in/sup 2/ application, the flux guide height should not exceed 0.1 /spl mu/m.
B Cell Translocation Gene 2 Enhances Susceptibility of HeLa Cells to Doxorubicin-induced Oxidative Damage (2008)

BTG2/TIS21/PC3 (B cell translocation gene 2) has been known as a p53 target gene and functions as a tumor suppressor in carcinogenesis of thymus, prostate, kidney, and liver. Although it has been known that the expression of BTG2/TIS21/PC3 is induced during chemotherapy-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells, a role of BTG2/TIS21/PC3 in cell death remains to be elucidated. In this study, the mechanism and role of BTG2 involved in the enhancement of doxorubicin (DOXO)-induced cell death were examined. Treatment of HeLa cells with DOXO revealed apoptotic phenomena, such as chromatin condensation and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and lamin A/C with concomitant increase of BTG2/TIS21/PC3 expression. Employing infections of Ad-TIS21 virus and lentivirus with short hairpin RNA to BTG2, the effect of BTG2/TIS21/PC3 on the DOXO-induced apoptosis of HeLa cells and liver cancer cells was evaluated. Not only short hairpin RNA-BTG2 but also N-acetyl-L-cysteine significantly reduced the DOXO-induced HeLa cell death and generation of H2O2. Moreover, forced expression of BTG2/TIS21/PC3 using adenoviral vector augmented DOXO-induced cancer cell death concomitantly with increase of manganese-superoxide dismutase but not catalase, CuZnSOD, and glutathione peroxidase 1. The increased apoptosis by forced expression of BTG2/TIS21/PC3 could be inhibited by N-acetyl-L-cysteine and polyethylene glycol-catalase. These results therefore suggest that BTG2/TIS21/PC3 works as an enhancer of DOXO-induced cell death via accumulation of H2O2 by up-regulating manganese-superoxide dismutase without any other antioxidant enzymes. In summary, BTG2/TIS21/PC3 enhances cancer cell death by accumulating H2O2 via imbalance of the antioxidant enzymes in response to chemotherapy.
Using Field Experiments to Test Equivalence Between Auction Formats: Magic on the Internet (1999)

William Vickrey's predicted equivalences between first-price sealed-bid and Dutch auctions, and between second-price sealed-bid and English auctions, are tested using field experiments that auctioned off collectible trading cards over the Internet. The results indicate that the Dutch auction produces 30-percent higher revenues than the first-price auction format, a violation of the theoretical prediction and a reversal of previous laboratory results, and that the English and second-price formats produce roughly equivalent revenues. (JEL C93, D44)
Self-calibration for Active Automotive Stereo Vision (2006)

In this paper, we present the extrinsic self-calibration of an active stereo rig with independently moving cameras. The proposed self-calibration recovers all extrinsic parameters up to scale and accounts for mechanical inaccuracies in the camera setup. Our algorithm is based on two criteria: the minimization of the reprojection error of tracked image points and the epipolar constraint. The self-calibration is implemented as a robust Iterated Extended Kalman Filter to allow continuous operation. Special care is taken to minimize physically relevant geometric errors instead of algebraic cost functions. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on synthetic and real-life imagery and allows initial extrinsic calibration as well as continuous tracking of the stereo camera parameters.
Curvelet-domain multiple elimination with sparseness constraints. (2008)

Predictive multiple suppression methods consist of two main steps: a prediction step, in which multiples are predicted from the seismic data, and a subtraction step, in which the predicted multiples are matched with the true multiples in the data. The last step appears crucial in practice: an incorrect adaptive subtraction method will cause multiples to be sub-optimally subtracted or primaries being distorted, or both. Therefore, we propose a new domain for separation of primaries and multiples via the Curvelet transform. This transform maps the data into almost orthogonal localized events with a directional and spatialtemporal component. The multiples are suppressed by thresholding the input data at those Curvelet components where the predicted multiples have large amplitudes. In this way the more traditional filtering of predicted multiples to fit the input data is avoided. An initial field data example shows a considerable improvement in multiple suppression.
Proton-transfer rates of sulfonamides in natural and fully synthetic membranes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProton-transfer rates of sulfonamides in natural and fully synthetic membranesHenrich Hasko ParadiesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 22, 5956–5959Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100280a099https://doi.org/10.1021/j100280a099research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, transport and processing of cathepsin C in Morris hepatoma 7777 cells and rat hepatocytes (1985)

The synthesis, transport and processing of cathepsin C was studied in Morris hepatoma 7777 cells by metabolic labelling, immunoprecipitation and characterization of labelled polypeptides by gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The largest detectable precursor of cathepsin C was a polypeptide of Mr = 92 500. Even 3 min after synthesis this precursor was accompanied by four polypeptides with Mr values ranging from 63 000 to 54 000, indicating cleavage of the precursors within the endoplasmic reticulum. The early forms of cathepsin C were associated with low-buoyant-density organelles containing the markers of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. About 30% of these early forms were secreted within 3 h after synthesis. The remaining 70% were transferred into dense lysosomes and processed between 2 and 3 h after synthesis to a mixture of the least five major and nine minor polypeptides with Mr values ranging from 73 000 to 12 000. These forms remained stable for at least 3 days. In freshly isolated hepatocytes cathepsin C was processed to forms closely related to those found in the hepatoma cells. Cathepsin C was synthesized in Morris hepatoma 7777 cells as a glycoprotein with mannose-6-phosphate residues that mediated mannose-6-phosphate-specific receptor-dependent uptake in human skin fibroblasts. In contrast to hepatocytes, synthesis of mannose-6-phosphate receptors in Morris hepatoma 7777 cells was below the limit of detection. The hepatoma cells did not express at the cell surface these or other receptors mediating endocytosis of lysosomal enzymes. Further, processing and transport of newly synthesized cathepsin C was largely resistant to NH4Cl. Apparently, cathepsin C is transferred in Morris hepatoma 7777 cells by a mechanism independent of mannose-6-phosphate-specific receptors.
Muscarinic Receptor Knockout Mice Confirm Involvement of M3 Receptor in Endothelium-dependent Vasodilatation in Mouse Arteries (2008)

The aim of the study was to determine which cholinergic muscarinic receptor subtype is responsible for the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation evoked by acetylcholine (ACh) in mouse arteries. Endothelium-dependent relaxations were evaluated using isometric tension measurement of ring from femoral and aortic artery of M1, M2, and M3 knockout (KO) mice. Rings of femoral and aortic artery from M3 KO mice did not exhibit relaxation at the opposite of rings from M1+M2 KO and wild-type (WT) mice, which were relaxed by ACh. The proportion of endothelial cells responsive to ACh, as manifested by an increase in cytosolic free calcium ([Ca]i), was also observed on the intima of aorta wall in vitro by using laser line confocal microscopy. Of the cells from M3 KO mice and M1+M2 KO mice, 4% and 23%, respectively, responded to ACh in comparison with 20 % in WT mice. These results show that in the endothelium from femoral and aortic artery, the larger proportion of cells that express M3 receptor is responsible for the specificity of the M3 receptor subtype for endothelium-dependent relaxation caused by ACh.