gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cascaded Energy Redistribution upon O−H Stretching Excitation in an Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond (2004)

Femtosecond two-color pump−probe experiments in the mid-infrared range demonstrate that excitation energy of the hydrogen-bonded O−H stretching oscillator of phthalic acid monomethyl ester is redistributed on a subpicosecond time scale along the O−H bending vibration. The O−H stretching and O−H bending lifetimes are 220 and 800 fs, respectively. Quantum dynamical model calculations of the energy flow induced by O−H stretching excitation reveal a relaxation mechanism involving cascaded energy redistribution along the O−H bending vibration and two O−H out-of-plane deformation modes at ∼700 and 800 cm-1.
A Flexible All-Atom Model of Dimethyl Sulfoxide for Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2002)

An all-atom, flexible dimethyl sulfoxide model has been created for molecular dynamics simulations. The new model was tested against experiment for an array of thermodynamic, structural, and dynamic properties. Interactions with water were compared with previous simulations and experimental studies, and the unusual changes exhibited by dimethyl sulfoxide/water mixtures, such as the enhanced structure of the solution, were reproduced by the new model. Particular attention was given to the design of the electrostatic component of the force field and to providing compatibility with the CHARMM parameter sets for biomolecules.
Ocular toxicology (1994)

This review of recent articles on ocular toxicology concentrates on undesirable effects on the eye induced by systemically used xenobiotics. These effects include the corticosteroid-induced glaucoma and cataracts (especially in children), chloroquine-induced heart block and retinopathy, its possible protection by platelet aggregating factor antagonists, oculopathy after intracarotid chemotherapy with nitrosyl-urea or cisplatin, ketoconazole-induced papilledema, cytarabine-induced photophobia, ethambutol HCl-induced visual deficits, psychotherapeutic-agent overdose-induced ocular bobbing, amiodarone-induced cataracts, and imipramine HCl-induced angle-closure glaucoma. Also reviewed are the role of hormone levels in diabetic retinopathy, the therapeutic use of clonidine for perioperative intraocular pressure spikes, the increase in ocular blood flow by pentoxifylline, and decrease by nicotine, the potential for the reduction in drop size of mydriatic medications, a theory for sulfonamide-induced myopia, and guidelines for animal models of ocular toxicity. No drug achieves ultimate efficacy or ultimate safety. Thus, the decision to employ a given therapy involves a physician's evaluation of its therapeutic index, the ratio between efficacy and toxicity.
Stability of Monodisperse Phospholipid-Coated Microbubbles Formed by Flow-Focusing at High Production Rates (2016)

Monodisperse microbubble ultrasound contrast agents may dramatically increase the sensitivity and efficiency in ultrasound imaging and therapy. They can be produced directly in a microfluidic flow-focusing device, but questions remain as to the interfacial chemistry, such as the formation and development of the phospholipid monolayer coating over time. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of monodisperse bubbles with radii of 2-10 μm at production rates ranging from 10(4) to 10(6) bubbles/s. All bubbles were found to dissolve to a stable final radius 2.55 times smaller than their initial radius, independent of the nozzle size and shear rate, indicating that the monolayer self-assembles prior to leaving the nozzle. The corresponding decrease in surface area by a factor 6.6 reveals that lipid molecules are adsorbed to the gas-liquid interface in the disordered expanded state, and they become mechanically compressed by Laplace pressure-driven bubble dissolution to a more ordered condensed state with near zero surface tension. Acoustic characterization of the stabilized microbubbles revealed that their shell stiffness gradually increased from 0.8 to 2.5 N/m with increasing number of insonations through the selective loss of the more soluble lipopolymer molecules. This work therefore demonstrates high-throughput production of clinically relevant monodisperse contrast microbubbles with excellent control over phospholipid monolayer elasticity and microbubble resonance.
Organic Derivatives of Montmorillonite (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Derivatives of MontmorilloniteW. F. Spencer and J. E. GiesekingCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1952, 56, 6, 751–753Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150498a023https://doi.org/10.1021/j150498a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Narrative Time and Speculative Fiction: Reflection of Social Conditions in Temporal Implications (2011)

Speculative fiction, with elements of fantasy integral to narrative, has developed as a literary genre with some underlying postulates and textual strategies that challenge the boundaries of narrative realism. It is often examined as a search for the definition of human beings and their status in the universe and an impact of scientific and technological advances upon human beings. It is believed that the world view created by development of science and technology at a particular period influences the choices made for various narrative devices, such as point of view, narrative time sequence, plot structure, character and language in speculative fiction. This paper examines temporal implications of the plots in two speculative fiction novels, Anthony Burgess’s A Clockwork Orange (1972) and William Gibson’s Neuromancer (1984), written in two different periods which are about ten years apart. Using Ricoeur’s (2002) distinction between episodic and configurational dimensions for the conception of time, the paper aims to uncover different ways of using narrative temporality in the configuration of plots in these two novels, and relate these differences to broader social conditions happening at the two respective stages in the postmodern age. Key words: Narrative Time; Plot; Temporal Implications; Social Conditions, Speculative Fiction
Simulated annealing, genetic algorithms and seismic waveform inversion (1991)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1991Simulated annealing, genetic algorithms and seismic waveform inversionAuthors: Mrinal K. SenPaul L. StoffaMrinal K. SenInstitute for Geophysics, Univ. of Texas at Austin and Paul L. StoffaInstitute for Geophysics, Univ. of Texas at Austinhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1888771 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1888771FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByMulti‐dimensional non‐linear full waveform inversion of gas cloud reflection data using a genetic algorithm and a blended acquisition approachA.R. Ghazali, D.J. Verschuur, and A. Gisolf21 October 2010 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1991ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1991 Pages: 1646 publication data© 1991 Copyright © 1991 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Mrinal K. Sen and Paul L. Stoffa, (1991), "Simulated annealing, genetic algorithms and seismic waveform inversion," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 945-947. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1888771 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effect of Type and Amount of Tungsten Carbides on the Abrasive Wear of Laser Cladded Nickel Based Coatings (2015)

Abstract Metal-matrix composite (MMC) coatings consisting of a nickel based metal matrix, providing toughness and tungsten carbides, providing wear resistance, are used in applications subjected to severe abrasive wear conditions. The aim of this work is to map the influence of type, morphology and amount of tungsten carbides in a nickel based matrix on the wear resistance and microstructure of laser cladded MMC coatings. Abrasive wear, evaluated according to ASTM-G65, is mainly influenced by the volume fraction of the tungsten carbides in the coating. Shape and microstructure of the tungsten carbides have a minor impact on this property, for similar degree of melting or dilution from the substrate material and size of the tungsten carbides. Microstructure analysis shows that the dissolution of the tungsten carbides in the melt pool is influenced by the chemical composition of the liquid metal phase, the microstructure and the amount of tungsten carbides selected.
Optimal Filter Partition for Efficient Convolution with Short Input/Output Delay (2002)

This convention paper has been reproduced from the author&apos;s advance manuscript, without editing, corrections, or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents. Additional papers may be obtained by
Mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics and the general stress response in yeast (2011)

Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process promoting survival under various environmental stress conditions. Selective types of autophagy have gained much interest recently as they are involved in specific quality control mechanisms removing, for example, aggregated proteins or dysfunctional mitochondria. This is considered to counteract the development of a number of neurodegenerative disorders and aging. Here we review the role of mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in ensuring quality control of mitochondria. In particular, we provide possible explanations why mitophagy in yeast, in contrast with the situation in mammals, was found to be independent of mitochondrial fission. We further discuss recent findings linking these processes to nutrient sensing pathways and the general stress response in yeast. In particular, we propose a model for how the stress response protein Whi2 and the Ras/PKA (protein kinase A) signalling pathway are possibly linked and thereby regulate mitophagy.
Repetitive High-Voltage All-solid-state Marx Generator for Excimer DBD UV Sources (2016)

In order to develop an efficient and reliable pulsed power supply for excimer dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) ultraviolet (UV) sources, a pulse generator using Marx topology is adopted. MOSFETs are used as switches. The 12-stage pulse generator operates with a voltage amplitude in the range of 0-5.5 kV. The repetition rate and pulsewidth can be adjusted from 0.1 to 50 kHz and 2 to 20 μs, respectively. It is used to excite KrCl* excilamp, a typical DBD UV source. In order to evaluate the performance of the pulse generator, a sinusoidal voltage power supply dedicated for DBD lamp is also used to excite the KrCl* excilamp. It shows that the lamp excited by the pulse generator has better performance with regard to radiant power and system efficiency. The influence of voltage amplitude, repetition rate, pulsewidth, and rise and fall times on radiant power and system efficiency is investigated using the pulse generator. An inductor is inserted between the pulse generator and the KrCl* excilamp to reduce electromagnetic interference and enhance system reliability.
CASPAR: Low-Cost, Dual-Manifest Payload Adapter for Minotaur IV (2005)

The Minotaur IV Launch Vehicle is being developed by the Air Force Rocket Systems Launch Program (RSLP) to utilize excess Peacekeeper missile motors and provide low-cost launches for Government payloads to Low Earth Orbit (LEO). This vehicle uses three Peacekeeper stages, an Orion 38 motor, and avionics from the heritage Minotaur I vehicle. Nominal capability for Minotaur IV is almost 4000 lbm to LEO. The fly-away cost is just over $20 million. The Composite Adapter for Shared PAyload Rides (CASPAR) Multi-Payload Adapter (MPA) will enable a Minotaur IV to launch two large satellites (1000-2000 lbm) for about $10 million each. The CASPAR MPA is being designed for projected Minotaur IV launch load environments, with design objectives of light weight, integrated vibration isolation, low shock, and modularity. An innovative composite design, including co-cured composite stiffening, provides a lightweight structure with optional access doors. Low-shock separation systems are integrated for MPA and satellite separation events. Vibration isolation systems protect the payloads from the dynamic environment of the Peacekeeper motor stack, and isolation tuning will enable a range of payloads and facilitate modular designs. Qualification testing of a full-scale adapter is planned for early 2006. Design variations are being considered for existing and new launch vehicles.
Extended Task Queuing: Active Messages for Heterogeneous Systems (2016)

Accelerators have emerged as an important component of modern cloud, datacenter, and HPC computing environments. However, launching tasks on remote accelerators across a network remains unwieldy, forcing programmers to send data in large chunks to amortize the transfer and launch overhead. By combining advances in intra-node accelerator unification with one-sided Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) communication primitives, it is possible to efficiently implement lightweight tasking across distributed-memory systems. This paper introduces Extended Task Queuing (XTQ), an RDMA-based active messaging mechanism for accelerators in distributed-memory systems. XTQ's direct NIC-to-accelerator communication decreases inter-node GPU task launch latency by 10-15% for small-to-medium sized messages and ameliorates CPU message servicing overheads. These benefits are shown in the context of MPI accumulate, reduce, and allreduce operations with up to 64 nodes. Finally, we illustrate how XTQ can improve the performance of popular deep learning workloads implemented in the Computational Network Toolkit (CNTK).
Cyclohexylmetal compounds. II. Nuclear magnetic resonance and carbonation results on (+-)-menthyllithium (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclohexylmetal compounds. II. Nuclear magnetic resonance and carbonation results on (+-)-menthyllithiumWilliam H. Glaze and Charles M. SelmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 5, 1987–1990Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01269a062https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01269a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The design and initial calibration of an optical tracking system using the Microsoft Kinect (2011)

Robust motion correction in medical imaging requires accurate and reliable motion tracking. Current systems use devices such as the Polaris Vicra position sensor to monitor the position and orientation of a tracking tool which is fixed to the subject. Although in principle these methods offer high positional accuracy this is lost if the tool slips. Markerless motion tracking aims to track the object directly without the use of markers or a tracking tool. To date these methods have either been unsuccessful or too expensive to have been widely implemented. The Microsoft Kinect is a low cost RGB+D (colour plus depth) video camera. We have used the Kinect to perform motion tracking of a head phantom using a CT of the head as a high resolution template. We present initial results that show the Kinect can track rigid body motion to within <;2 mm of that measured by a Polaris system. We use the PointCloudLibrary open project [1] algorithm implementations to register the CT template to the Kinect frames.
NMR AND THERMAL ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF STRUCTURE PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS IN END-LINKED MODEL PDMS NETWORKS (2011)

Abstract not provided
21세기 한국에서의 국어교육 (2011)

오늘날 한국에서 국어교육이 처한 환경은 급격하게 변하고 있는 갓처럼 보인다. 사회 환경도 급변하고 있지만, 국어교육과정이나 국어교과서도 비교육적이리만치 자주 바뀌고 있다. 이런 상황에서는 특히 국어교육의 이념에 대한 반성적 검토가 요구된다. 국어교육이 무엇인지, 또 국어교육을 왜 해야 하는 것인지를 살펴보기 위해서, 본고는 지금까지의 국어교육이 무엇이었는지 그리고 국어교육을 왜 해 왔는지를 먼저 살펴보았다. 20세기 전반기까지의 국어교육은 근대 민족국가의 형성과 관련하여 중요 하게 인식되었다. 즉 국어가 국민들을 계몽시키는 가장 기본적인 수단, 서구의 근대문물을 받아들이는 기본적인 도구로서 중요한 위상을 차지하였고, 국어교육은 민족의식을 고취하고 애국심을 기르기 위한 만족운동의 주요한 일부로 안식되었다. 1945년 광복 이후 지금까지 교육과정은 9차례에 걸쳐 개정되었다. 국어교육이 민족의 삶과 번영에서 기시적인 의미와 가치를 지닌다고 본다는 점에서 3차까지의 교육과정은 20세기 전반의 국어교육 의 이념을 크게 벗어나지 않는다. 하지만 4차교육과정부터는 국아과의 특성이 보다 구체화되고 영 역 구분이 강화되며, 국어교육의 민족 (문화)적 가치가 원경으로 밀려나는 특성을 보이게 된다. 특히 5차교육과정은 국아과를 기능중심 의 교과로 변화시키고 국어 교육에 서 영 역 의 세분화와 공고화를 강화시키는 분수령이 되었다. 이는 국어교육이 더 이상 정신형성의 교과가 되지 못하고 단순히 언아사용기능을 훈련시키는 교과가 되어 간다는 갓을 의미한다는 점에서 문제적이다． 왜냐하면 언어기능교육에 치중한 국어교육 은 국어 문화 창조 등의 국어교육의 보다 근원적인 의의를 외면하기 때문이다. 국어교육이 시작된 지 100여 년이 지냔 오늘날, 국어교육은 전혀 다른 환경 속에서 새로운 도전에 직면하고 있다. 특히 다음의 세 가지 측면에 주목할 수 있다. 첫째, 한국은 세계에서 가장 교육열이 높고 문맹률이 낮은 나라에 속한다. 이러한 환경은 중학교와 고둥학교에서의 국어교육이 학생 들에게 무엇을 가르치는 교육이 되어야 할 것인가 하는 문제를 제기한다. 둘째, 오늘날 우리는 전자문화가 지배하는 세상에 살고 있으며, 국어생활도 전자문화의 영향력 속에서 이루어 진다. 전자문화가 지배적인 환경에서 국어교육이 전자매체와 전자문화를 어떤 식으로 수용하고 또 어떤 면에서 대항할 것인가에 대해서 생각해 보아야 한다. 셋째, 오늘날 세계는 빠른 속도로 지구촌이 되어가고, 영어는 세계공용어로서의 지위를 확보하고 있다. 영어가 실질적으로 세계공용어가 되고 보편어의 지위를 갖게 되는 상황을 국어교육이 어떻게 받아들여야 하는지 생각해야 한다. 본고는 국어교육이 ``인문적 교양과 지적 사고력을 지닌 인간을 형성하는 종합적 의의를 지닌 과목``으로서 정립되어야 한다고 보며 이를 위해 다음의 몇 가지를 제안하였다. 먼저 인문적 교양과 지적 사고력을 지닌 인간을 형성하는 종합적 의의를 지닌 과목으로써 국어교육의 목표와 성격을 강조할 필요가 있다. 그리고 국어가 인문적 교양과 지적 사고력을 지닌 인간을 형상하는 종합적 의의를 지닌 과목이 되려면, 국어교육의 영역 구분은 편의적인 것이 되고 실제 교육은 통합적으로 이루어져야 한대 마지막으로 전자문화의 번성 속에서 전자시대일수록 국어교육이 강한 문자문화적 성격을 강조하며 전자문화의 대척점에서 정체성을 구하는 것이 바람직하다고 본다. 다시 말해 전자시대에 국어교육이 홀로 문자문화적 성격을 강조하여 전자문화의 약점을 보강한다면 국어교육의 의의가 더 커질 수 있는 것이다.
Effects of selected substrate forms on the synthesis of structured lipids by two immobilized lipases (1997)

Abstract Two immobilized lipases, IM 60 from Rhizomucor miehei and SP 435 from Candida antarctica , were used to synthesize structured lipids (SL). Tricaprin and trilinolein were interesterified to produce SL that contained one linoleic acid per triacylglycerol molecule (SL1) and SL with two linoleic acids (SL2). SL1 and SL2 were separated by silver nitrate thin‐layer chromatography according to their unsaturation, and the fatty acid at the sn ‐2 position was determined after pancreatic lipasecatalyzed hydrolysis of SL1 and SL2. With IM 60, 57.7 mol% capric acid and 42.3 mol% linoleic acid were found at the sn ‐2 position of SL1, while 43.3 mol% capric acid and 56.7 mol% linoleic acid were at the sn ‐2 position of SL2. The fatty acid at the sn ‐2 position of SL1 with SP 435 as biocatalyst was 43.6 mol% capric acid and 56.4 mol% linoleic acid, while SL2 contained 56.6 mol% capric acid and 43.4 mol% linoleic acid. Different structural forms of the capric acid‐containing substrate (triacylglycerol vs. ethyl ester) and different chainlengths of triacylglycerol were selected to study the substrate selectivity of lipases. Results indicated that SP 435 had some degree of preference for the triacylglycerol form (tricaprin), and IM 60 produced SL more rapidly and reached steady state faster with tricaprin as substrate than with capric acid ethyl ester. For chainlength selectivity, mol% of synthesized SL from tricaprin + trilinolein and tristearin + trilinolein were compared. SP 435 exhibited no apparent preference for either tricaprin or tristearin. However, IM 60 showed a more rapid reaction with tricaprin than with tristearin.
Recognising Women in Environmental Education Pedagogy and Research: toward an ecofeminist poststructuralist perspective (1999)

Summary In the past, women have been overlooked in most environmental education programmes through being subsumed into the notion of ‘universalized people’. However, women have a distinctive contribution to make to environmental education pedagogy and research which needs to be foregrounded. This article reports on research into the gaps and silences present in policies, pedagogy and research in environmental education from a feminist perspective. This research has been inspired by feminist critiques of critical pedagogy and the potentialities of feminist poststructuralist methodologies. In particular I focus on the silencing of marginalized perspectives in environmental education policy development, as well as in research conducted from the perspective of the dominant positivist research methodologies, and argue for the possibilities for new directions when poststructuralist pedagogies and research methodologies are used in environmental education.
Use of 16S rRNA and <i>rpoB</i> Genes as Molecular Markers for Microbial Ecology Studies (2006)

Several characteristics of the 16S rRNA gene, such as its essential function, ubiquity, and evolutionary properties, have allowed it to become the most commonly used molecular marker in microbial ecology. However, one fact that has been overlooked is that multiple copies of this gene are often present in a given bacterium. These intragenomic copies can differ in sequence, leading to identification of multiple ribotypes for a single organism. To evaluate the impact of such intragenomic heterogeneity on the performance of the 16S rRNA gene as a molecular marker, we compared its phylogenetic and evolutionary characteristics to those of the single-copy gene rpoB. Full-length gene sequences and gene fragments commonly used for denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were compared at various taxonomic levels. Heterogeneity found between intragenomic 16S rRNA gene copies was concentrated in specific regions of rRNA secondary structure. Such "heterogeneity hot spots" occurred within all gene fragments commonly used in molecular microbial ecology. This intragenomic heterogeneity influenced 16S rRNA gene tree topology, phylogenetic resolution, and operational taxonomic unit estimates at the species level or below. rpoB provided comparable phylogenetic resolution to that of the 16S rRNA gene at all taxonomic levels, except between closely related organisms (species and subspecies levels), for which it provided better resolution. This is particularly relevant in the context of a growing number of studies focusing on subspecies diversity, in which single-copy protein-encoding genes such as rpoB could complement the information provided by the 16S rRNA gene.