gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating the zoonotic origin of the West African Ebola epidemic (2014)

The severe Ebola virus disease epidemic occurring in West Africa stems from a single zoonotic transmission event to a 2-year-old boy in Meliandou, Guinea. We investigated the zoonotic origins of the epidemic using wildlife surveys, interviews, and molecular analyses of bat and environmental samples. We found no evidence for a concurrent outbreak in larger wildlife. Exposure to fruit bats is common in the region, but the index case may have been infected by playing in a hollow tree housing a colony of insectivorous free-tailed bats (Mops condylurus). Bats in this family have previously been discussed as potential sources for Ebola virus outbreaks, and experimental data have shown that this species can survive experimental infection. These analyses expand the range of possible Ebola virus sources to include insectivorous bats and reiterate the importance of broader sampling efforts for understanding Ebola virus ecology.
P2X<sub>7</sub>Receptor Activation Mediates Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in a Human Retina Model of Ischemic Neurodegeneration (2013)

These studies demonstrated that stimulation of the P2X7R can mediate RGC death and that this mechanism plays a role in ischemia-induced neurodegeneration in the human retina.
Coreless induction furnaces (1946)

The paper deals mainly with induction furnaces for steel melting, although some attention is given to other applications such as the case-hardening of steel. Construction of furnace bodies to avoid heating of the metal framework, and the fritting of refractory linings in situ, are discussed. Other apparatus in the furnace circuit is described, namely high-frequency generators, methods of switching condensers and the protection of the generator. The function of series condensers and the development of earth-leakage protection in furnace circuits are discussed.The changing characteristics of furnaces due to changes in the physical properties of the charge are described, as is the effect of lining erosion.The paper concludes with a short statement on valve-operated furnaces.
Effect of H1 and H2 receptor blockers on mobilization of myocardial carnosine to histamine during compound 48/80-induced shock in young rats. (1990)

Histamine exerts profound effects on the cardiovascular system during shock mediated by H1 and H2 receptors. The source of histamine is uncertain. It is our hypothesis that carnosine serves as a nonmast-cell reservoir for histidine, utilized for histamine synthesis during shock. We have shown that treatment of older rats with compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulator, produces age-dependent lethal stress, which is prevented by lodoxamide (LOD), a mast cell degranulation inhibitor, is exacerbated by H2 receptor blockade, and is accompanied by increased mobilization of myocardial carnosine to histidine and histamine. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of H1 and H2 blockers on carnosine mobilization to histamine during 48/80-induced shock in young rats. Fifty male SD rats (125 g) were divided into nine groups: saline; LOD; H1 blocker diphenhydramine (DPH); H2 blocker cimetidine (CIM); 48/80; LOD + 48/80; DPH + 48/80; CIM + 48/80; and DPH + CIM + 48/80. All rats were sacrificed 30 min after final injections and hearts were analyzed via HPLC. There was a reduction in myocardial carnosine (P less than or equal to 0.01) and histidine (P less than or equal to 0.001) and a simultaneous increase in histamine (P less than or equal to 0.01, P less than or equal to 0.001) in animals receiving 48/80 or CIM + 48/80, respectively, compared to controls or groups pretreated with LOD, DPH, or DPH + CIM. These results indicate that 48/80-induced shock increases mobilization of myocardial carnosine and histidine to histamine, which supports a role for carnosine as a nonmast-cell histamine source.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Final Stage Densification in Vacuum Hot‐Pressing of Alumina (1965)

The kinetics of the final stage of densification of fine‐grained aluminum oxide were studied by vacuum hot‐pressing between 1150° and 1350°C and from 2000 to 6000 psi. The kinetics are consistent with the Nabarro‐Herring diffusional creep model. The activation energy for the final stage densification is 115 kcal/mole which agrees with the activation energy for diffusion of aluminum ions. Densification takes place by particle rearrangement and by diffusional creep. The extent of densification in the initial stage depends on the amount of sliding, fragmentation, and plastic flow. The final stage of densification takes place by diffusional creep and is controlled by aluminum ion diffusion in aluminum oxide. It is shown that gases entrapped within pores of the hot‐pressed compact will produce end‐point porosities. A technique is described for removing adsorbed water when it is the source of the Presented at the Fall Meeting of the Basic Science Division and the Seventeenth Pacific Coast Regional Meetings of the American Ceramic Society, San Francisco, California, October 30, 1964.
Efficient multiplexing and demultiplexing of free-space orbital angular momentum using photonic integrated circuits (2012)

We present a silicon photonic integrated circuit for multiplexing and demul-tiplexing beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) into single-mode waveguides. Successful demultiplexing of nine azimuthally polarized OAM modes show potential for spatial multiplexing.
Acute Lung Injury in Children—Kids Really Aren’t Just “Little Adults” (2013)

The importance of this effort for improving care and guiding future research in pediatric acute lung injury is clear. Despite the many epidemiologic, interventional, and outcome studies undertaken by pediatric intensivists worldwide, our understanding of this disease process is limited, and morbidity and mortality remain unacceptably high. By consolidating the knowledge and expertise of the leaders of the field of pediatric acute lung injury, we hope to develop a framework for future progress.
Tissue Expansion in the Head and Neck: A 6-year Review (1991)

More than 100 patients (38 in the head and neck) have been treated by the insertion of tissue expanders since the technique was introduced six years ago. Our methods have been refined as we have learned more, and these improvements are described. Morbidity is high when untrained surgeons start to use the technique. The most important decision is the planning of the expander and filling port pockets, but above all the location of the incision(s): Incisions must be kept small and away from the defect, the pocket, and the future flap. Intraoperative filling of the expander reduces the need for drains by preventing haematoma and seroma formation, and reduces the formation of expander envelope folds. The optimal location of the valve is a "quiet" area above or lateral to (or both) the expander, and at least 7 cm away. Mathematical formulas are useless in predicting available flap length, as elasticity and contractility depend on individual factors. A good estimation of flap length is twice the height of the expander above the skin surface or the distance over the dome of the expander minus the corresponding measurement of its base. Overexpansion by 30-50% makes the procedure more predictable.
A New Recording Spectrophotometer (1935)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Arthur C. Hardy, "A New Recording Spectrophotometer," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 25, 305-310 (1935) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Leptomycins A and B, new antifungal antibiotics. II. Structure elucidation. (1983)

The structures of new antifungal antibiotics, leptomycins A and B produced by Streptomyces sp. ATS1287 were determined as described below (Fig. 1) on the basis of their spectral and chemical character. Leptomycins have unique structures which belong to the unsaturated, branched-chain fatty acids with delta-lactone rings at the end.
INTRAMOLECULAR FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING IN COVALENT ACRYLAMIDE‐INDOLE ADDUCTS (1989)

Abstract— Indole derivatives have been prepared which have a covalently linked quencher, acrylamide. One of these adducts, N‐acrylyltryptamine, has a flexible linkage and the other, N‐acrylyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridoindole, has a rigid bridge between indole and the quencher. The intensity decays of these adducts were obtained using multi‐frequency phase and modulation fluorometry. The fluorescence of these adducts appears to be dynamically quenched; dominant lifetimes of 64 ps and 31 ps are found for the flexible and rigid adducts. This indicates that very rapid intramolecular quenching occurs, even when the quencher and fluorophore cannot collide. Quenching in the rigid molecule probably involves electron transfer through two sigma bonds. Anisotropy decay data were also collected and rotational correlation times of 62 ps and 163 ps are reported for the flexibile and rigid adducts, respectively.
Ion exchange in purification. (1990)

Biochemicals have large complex three-dimensional structures with multiple weak acid and weak base groups on their surfaces. The ionization of these groups results in heterogeneous charge structures and complex ion-exchange equilibria. In this chapter the ion-exchange equilibria of amino acids are reviewed first. The ionization of the alpha-COOH group has a strong effect on the apparent equilibrium affinities of amino acids. Salt concentration and pH can also significantly affect the apparent affinities and valences. The implications on the ion-exchange equilibria of peptides and proteins are discussed. The second focus of this chapter is on the local equilibrium models of multicomponent chromatographic processes. The differences between unidirectional and two-way flow conditions, linear and nonlinear systems, elution and displacement processes, and isocratic and gradient operations are discussed. Fundamental analysis of these phenomena is applied to formulate strategies to shorten cycle time, improve resolution, raise product concentration, and increase throughput.
연구논문 : 창란젓갈의 포장에 관한 연구 - 1 . 병포장 젓갈의 품질유지기한 - (2002)

신제조기법과 재래식방법으로 제조된 창란젓갈을 각각 병포장하여 10, 20, 30℃에 저장하면서 품질변화를 조사하였으며, 이들을 시험구와 대조구라 하였다.
각 온도별 압력을 측정한 결과, 시험구와 대조구 모두 저장 중 압력이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으나, 시험구가 대조구에 비해 저장 중의 압력증가 속도가 완만하였다. 저장 초기에는 온도에 관계없이 head space의 CO_2 발생 속도는 크게 증가하고 상대적으로 O_2는 급격히 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 저장기간에 따른 총 CO_2의 변화는 온도가 높을수록 초기 발생속도가 켰으며 대조구에 비하여 시험구는 증가속도가 낮게 나타났다 다만, 10℃에서는 20일 이후 총 CO_2 농도가 다소 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 창란젓갈 저장 중 온도가 높을수록 pH의 저하 속도가 빨랐으며, 시험구는 대조구보다 pH 변화가 적었다. 휘발성염기질소 (VBN)의 경우 각 온도에서 시험구가 대조구보다 VBN이 낮았으며, 그 증가율도 낮았다. 생균수변화에 있어서도 시험구는 대조구보다 생균수 증가 속도가 완만하였다. 창란젓갈의 저장 중 색도는 온도가 높을수록 그리고 저장기간이 경과할수록 L값이 증가하였으며, 수분활성도가 낮은 시험구 (A_w 0.82)가 대조구 (A_w 0.90)보다 동일조건에서 L값이 낮았다.
창란젓갈을 병포장하여 온도별로 저장하면서 관능검사를 실시한 결과 품질유지기한이 대조구와 시험구는 10℃에서 각각 40일과 70일, 20℃에서 8일과 16일, 30℃에서는 2일과 4일로 결정되었다. 따라서 병포장에서 A_w가 낮은 시험구는 A_w가 높은 대조구보다 품질유지기한이 10, 20, 30℃에서 각각 30일, 8일, 2일이 연장되었다.
창란젓갈 저장시 품질측정변수에 대한 상관관계를 조사한 결과 병포장에서는 용기내 압력, pH, L값, VBN, 관능검사 등이 상관관계가 높아 젓갈 포장에서 품질지표항목으로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대 된다.
Cellular neural networks: Theory and circuit design (1992)

Abstract Cellular neural networks or CNNs are a novel neural network architecture introduced by Chua and Yang which is very general and flexible, has some important properties desirable for design applications and can be efficiently implemented on custom hardware based on analogue VLSI technology. In this paper an abstract normalized definition of cellular neural networks with arbitrary interconnection topology is given. Instead of stability, the property of convergence is found to be of central importance: large classes of convergent CNNs in practice always asymptotically approach some stable equilibrium where each component of the corresponding output is binary‐valued. A highly efficient CMOS‐compatible CNN circuit architecture is then presented where a basic cell consists of only two fully differential op amps, two capacitors and several MOSFETs, while a variable interconnection weight is realized with only four MOSFETs. Since all these elements are standard components in the current analogue IC technology and since all network functions are implemented directly on the device level, this architecture promises high cell and interconnection densities and extremely high operating speeds.
Dementia syndromes: evaluation and treatment (2007)

As our population ages, diseases affecting memory and daily functioning will affect an increasing number of individuals, their families and the healthcare system. The social, financial and economic impacts will be profound. This article provides an overview of current dementia syndromes to assist clinicians in evaluating, educating and treating these patients.
A study on strength properties of roller compacted concrete with 30% replacement of OPC 53 grade cement by flyash. (2012)

Roller compacted concrete is a zero-slump concrete, low water content, dense mix consisting of coarse aggregate, sand, cementitious materials, and water. By using conventional vibrators, it is very difficult to compact for larger thicknesses. There is a chance of getting honey combing and inconsistency with respect to laboratory values. To rectify this, roller compacted concrete technique is proposed by preparation of samples. In this an attempt is made to prepare M15 and M20 mixes at their optimum moisture content and tested for compressive and split tensile strengths for various time periods (i.e., 3days, 7days, 14 days and 28 days). From these results, it is observed that higher strengths at early periods are obtained. When cylinders were tested, the compressive strength for M15 and M20 mixes at 28 days are 25Mpa and 31Mpa respectively. Similarly, for M15 and M20 mixes at 28 days, the split tensile strengths are 1.7Mpa and 1.9Mpa respectively. Since high strengths are obtained in compression and tension, it can be used as base course and sub-base course for flexible and rigid pavements.
Identifying the Interaction Between Influenza and Pneumococcal Pneumonia Using Incidence Data (2013)

The association between influenza virus and the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) has been proposed as a polymicrobial system, whereby transmission and pathogenicity of one pathogen (the bacterium) are affected by interactions with the other (the virus). However, studies focusing on different scales of resolution have painted an inconsistent picture: Individual-scale animal experiments have unequivocally demonstrated an association, whereas epidemiological support in human populations is, at best, inconclusive. We integrate weekly incidence reports and a mechanistic transmission model within a likelihood-based inference framework to characterize the nature, timing, and magnitude of this interaction. We find support for a strong but short-lived interaction, with influenza infection increasing susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia ~100-fold. We infer modest population-level impacts arising from strong processes at the level of an individual, thereby resolving the dichotomy in seemingly inconsistent observations across scales. An accurate characterization of the influenza-pneumococcal interaction can form a basis for more effective clinical care and public health measures for pneumococcal pneumonia.
The thermolysis of heterocyclic aminimines (1980)

Abstract Aminimines derived from six heterocyclic tertiary amines were thermolyzed in t ‐butyl alcohol at ca . 80°. N ‐Methylindoline gave a good yield of the ring‐opened product, and a double elimination on 1,4,4‐trimethyl‐piperidine gave 3,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐pentadiene. The aminimine derived from quinuclidine was stable to elimination under these conditions. Simple elimination products were not obtained from N ‐methyl‐pyrrolidine, N ‐methylpiperidine, or N ‐methyltetrahydroisoquinoline.
Distribution Locational Marginal Pricing by Convexified ACOPF and Hierarchical Dispatch (2016)

This paper proposes a hierarchical economic dispatch (HED) mechanism for computing distribution locational marginal prices (DLMPs). The HED mechanism involves three levels: 1) the top level is the national (regional) transmission network; 2) the middle level is the distribution network; and while 3) the lowest level reflects local embedded networks or microgrids. Each network operator communicates its generalized bid functions (GBFs) to the next higher level of the hierarchy. The GBFs approximate the true cost function of a network by a series of affine functions. The concept of Benders cuts are employed in simulating the GBFs. The ac optimal power flow (ACOPF) is convexified and then used for dispatching generators and calculating GBFs and DLMPs. The proposed convexification is based on the second order cone reformulation. A sequential optimization algorithm is developed to tighten the proposed second order cone relaxation of ACOPF. The properties of the sequential tightness algorithm are discussed and proved. The HED is implemented in the GAMS grid computing platform. The GBFs and DLMPs are calculated for the modified IEEE 342 node low voltage test system. The numerical results show the utility of the proposed HED and GBF in implementing DLMP.
Right ventricular infarction: specific requirements of management. (1999)

The principal cause of right ventricular infarction is atherosclerotic proximal occlusion of the right coronary artery. Proximal occlusion of this artery leads to electrocardiographically identifiable right-heart ischemia and an increased risk of death in the presence of acute inferior infarction. Clinical recognition begins with the ventricular electrocardiographic manifestations: inferior left ventricular ischemia (ST segment elevation in leads II, III and aVF), with or without accompanying abnormal Q waves and right ventricular ischemia (ST segment elevation in right chest leads V3R through V6R and ST segment depression in anterior leads V2 through V4). Associated findings may include atrial infarction (PR segment displacement, elevation or depression in leads II, III and aVF), symptomatic sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular node block and atrial fibrillation. Hemodynamic effects of right ventricular dysfunction may include failure of the right ventricle to pump sufficient blood through the pulmonary circuit to the left ventricle, with consequent systemic hypotension. Management is directed toward recognition of right ventricular infarction, reperfusion, volume loading, rate and rhythm control, and inotropic support.
Amplitude equation and pattern selection in Faraday waves (1999)

A nonlinear theory of pattern selection in parametric surface waves (Faraday waves) is presented that is not restricted to small viscous dissipation. By using a multiple scale asymptotic expansion near threshold, a standing wave amplitude equation is derived from the governing equations. The amplitude equation is of gradient form, and the coefficients of the associated Lyapunov function are computed for regular patterns of various symmetries as a function of a viscous damping parameter gamma. For gamma approximately 1, the selected wave pattern comprises a single standing wave (stripe pattern). For gamma<<1, patterns of square symmetry are obtained in the capillary regime (large frequencies). At lower frequencies (the mixed gravity-capillary regime), a sequence of sixfold (hexagonal), eightfold, ...patterns are predicted. For even lower frequencies (gravity waves) a stripe pattern is again selected. Our predictions of the stability regions of the various patterns are in quantitative agreement with recent experiments conducted in large aspect ratio systems.
Attenuated Myocardial Vasodilator Response in Patients With Hypertensive Hypertrophy Revealed by Oxygenation-Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2001)

Patients with hypertensive hypertrophy demonstrate an impaired ability to increase intramyocardial oxygenation during vasodilatory stress, as indexed by BOLD MRI. The capacity to image vascular function with BOLD MRI may advance the understanding of the development of ventricular dysfunction in hypertension.
The Chemistry of Phenanthridine and its Derivatives. (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe Chemistry of Phenanthridine and its Derivatives.R. S. Theobald and K. SchofieldCite this: Chem. Rev. 1950, 46, 1, 170–189Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60143a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60143a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views886Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of thiourea on the radical polymerization of vinyl monomers. Part III. Effect of diphenyl thiourea on the polymerization of methyl methacrylate with various organic peroxides as initiator (1966)

Abstract The effect of diphenyl thiourea (DPTU) on the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) has been studied in benzene solution at 50°C. with the use of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), p ‐menthane hydroperoxide (PMHP), tert ‐butyl perbenzoate (tBPBz), di‐ tert ‐butyl peroxide (DBP), and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as initiators. In the CHP‐initiated polymerization, the rate of polymerization increased appreciably on addition of DPTU with a linear dependence on the square root of DPTU concentration up to a maximum which was observed when the ratio of the concentration of CHP to DPTU was 2.5. Then the rate decreased gradually with increasing DPTU concentration in the range greater than the above ratio. It was found from kinetic studied that the overall polymerization rate R p was expressed by the equation: R p = K [peroxide] 1/2 [DPTU] 1/2 [MMA], where K is the rate constant, α = 1.2 for CHP and α = 1.0 for tBPBz. It was thought that the acceleration effect observed was due to a redox reaction caused by the interaction of a peroxide–monomer and/or a peroxide–solvent complex with DPTU, and the decrease in the polymerization rate which was observed over a certain concentration of DPTU was due to the action of the oxidized product of DPTU as a transfer agent. The effect of substituents was studied by using para and meta ‐substituted DPTU. It was found that the polymerization rate increased as electron‐donating substituents are added to the benzene ring of DPTU with considerable dependence on Hammett's equation ( p = −0.36). The acceleration effect is also observed for PMPH‐and tBPBz‐initiated polymerizations, whereas the DCP‐ and DBP‐initiated systems show no effects on the polymerization rate.
Information access in a multilingual world (2009)

Multilingual Information Access (MLIA) is at a turning point wherein substantial real-world applications are being introduced after fifteen years of research into cross-language information retrieval, question answering, statistical machine translation and named entity recognition. Previous workshops on this topic have focused on research and smallscale applications. The focus of this workshop was on technology transfer from research to applications and on what future research needs to be done which facilitates MLIA in an increasingly connected multilingual world.