gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2): Clinical characteristics of 63 affected individuals and clinical evidence for heterogeneity (1994)

To determine the spectrum of manifestations in neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) and to assess possible heterogeneity, we evaluated 63 affected individuals from 32 families. Work-up included skin and neurologic examinations, audiometry, a complete ophthalmology examination with slit-lamp biomicroscopy of the lens and fundus, and gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the brain and, in some, of the spine. Mean age-at-onset in 58 individuals was 20.3 years; initial symptoms resulted from vestibular schwannomas (44.4%), other CNS tumors (22.2%), skin tumors (12.7%), and ocular manifestations including cataracts and retinal hamartomas (12.7%). Five asymptomatic individuals were diagnosed through screening. Vestibular schwannomas were documented in 62 individuals (98.4%); other findings included cataracts (81.0%), skin tumors (67.7%), spinal tumors (67.4%), and meningiomas (49.2%). Usually, clinical manifestations and course were similar within families but differed among families. To assess possible heterogeneity, we assigned affected individuals to three proposed subtypes (representing mild, intermediate, and severe NF2) based on age-at-onset, presence or absence of CNS tumors other than vestibular schwannomas, and presence or absence of retinal hamartomas. Comparisons among the three subtypes for many clinical parameters demonstrated that patients in the mild subtype differed from those in the other two subtypes for most parameters, but that none of the parameters distinguished patients in the intermediate subtype from those in the severe subtype. Thus, there are likely two rather than three subtypes of NF2. Classification of patients to subtype may aid in counseling about long-term prognosis and in formulating individualized guidelines for medical surveillance.
In vitro studies of HIV-1 expression in thymocytes from infants and children (1992)

These findings indicate that the cytokines IL-2 and IL-4, which are normally present in the thymic environment, can synergize to promote HIV-1 expression by thymocytes infected in vitro. This occurs without impairing the maturation induced by these cytokines. Thus, the mature thymocyte may provide a continuous supply of virus-expressing T-cells to the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues of the infected child.
Use of Vena Cava Filters (2004)

Venous thromboembolism remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Although anticoagulation is considered the mainstay of treatment, placement of vena cava filters is generally indicated in circumstances when there is a contraindication, complication, or documented failure of anticoagulation therapy. A number of devices are available and approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use. Each of these devices has distinct designs and deployment mechanisms and, more importantly, have variable data on safety and effectiveness. It is paramount for physicians to be familiar with the specific features of each device. This article addresses the indications, techniques of deployment, and complications associated with vena cava filters. Unique features and comparison data of each available device is presented.
A software-hardware cosynthesis approach to digital system simulation (1994)

Our approach to digital system simulation compiles a high-level system model into a high-performance simulator that consists of software and hardware components. The target architecture for the simulation compiler is a tightly coupled processor and field-programmable gate array. We describe the simulation compiler and show how it can be used to improve simulation performance by up to a factor of two over an all-software simulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of a new cytotoxin that contributes to Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis (2010)

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that continues to be a significant global health threat because of the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA). The pathogenesis of this organism is partly attributed to the production of a large repertoire of cytotoxins that target and kill innate immune cells, which provide the first line of defence against S. aureus infection. Here we demonstrate that leukocidin A/B (LukAB) is required and sufficient for the ability of S. aureus, including MRSA, to kill human neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells. LukAB targets the plasma membrane of host cells resulting in cellular swelling and subsequent cell death. We found that S. aureus lacking lukAB are severely impaired in their ability to kill phagocytes during bacteria-phagocyte interaction, which in turn renders the lukAB-negative staphylococci more susceptible to killing by neutrophils. Notably, we show that lukAB is expressed in vivo within abscesses in a murine infection model and that it contributes significantly to pathogenesis of MRSA in an animal host. Collectively, these results extend our understanding of how S. aureus avoids phagocyte-mediated clearance, and underscore LukAB as an important factor that contributes to staphylococcal pathogenesis.
A High-Voltage Cascaded Solid-State DC Circuit Breaker Using Normally-ON SiC JFETs. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Inhaled Rho Kinase Inhibitors Are Potent and Selective Vasodilators in Rat Pulmonary Hypertension (2004)

We have found in chronically hypoxic rats that acute intravenous administration of the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 nearly normalizes the pulmonary hypertension (PH) but has no pulmonary vascular selectivity. In this study, we tested if oral or inhaled Y-27632 would be an effective and selective pulmonary vasodilator in hypoxic PH. Although acute oral Y-27632 caused a marked and sustained decrease in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), it also decreased mean systemic arterial pressure (MSAP). In contrast, 5 minutes of inhaled Y-27632 decreased MPAP without reducing MSAP. The hypotensive effect of inhaled Y-27632 on hypoxic PH was greater than that of inhaled nitric oxide, and the effect lasted for at least 5 hours. Inhaled fasudil, another Rho kinase inhibitor, caused selective MPAP reductions in monocrotaline-induced PH and in spontaneous PH in fawn-hooded rats, as well as in chronically hypoxic rats. These results suggested that inhaled Y-27632 was more effective than inhaled nitric oxide as a selective pulmonary vasodilator in hypoxic PH, and that Rho kinase-mediated vasoconstriction was also involved in the other models of PH. Inhaled Rho kinase inhibitors might be useful for acute vasodilator testing in patients with PH, and future work should evaluate their efficacy in the long-term treatment of PH.
Population shelved all-optical modulation (2003)

An all-optical modulation method is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to overcome the modulation bandwidth limitations, imposed by the excited-state population decay rate, in a conventional resonant optical modulator. In the experimental demonstration, we have observed an all-optical modulation bandwidth \ensuremath{\sim}200 times wider than the population decay rate. The enhancement of the modulation bandwidth is due to the fast spin dephasing caused by spin inhomogeneous broadening.
Application graphics modeling support through object orientation (1992)

The Graphical Application Modeling Support system (Grams), a three-dimensional graphics system that raises the abstraction level at which the application programmer and the end user interact with the system in the image-generation process, is described. The application, graphics and rendering layers of Grams and its organization of class hierarchies are discussed. An application of the Grams system is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human Cytomegalovirus-Induced NKG2C<sup>hi</sup>CD57<sup>hi</sup>Natural Killer Cells Are Effectors Dependent on Humoral Antiviral Immunity (2013)

Recent studies indicate that expansion of NKG2C-positive natural killer (NK) cells is associated with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV); however, their activity in response to HCMV-infected cells remains unclear. We show that NKG2C(hi) CD57(hi) NK cells gated on CD3(neg) CD56(dim) cells can be phenotypically identified as HCMV-induced NK cells that can be activated by HCMV-infected cells. Using HCMV-infected autologous macrophages as targets, we were able to show that these NKG2C(hi) CD57(hi) NK cells are highly responsive to HCMV-infected macrophages only in the presence of HCMV-specific antibodies, whereas they are functionally poor effectors of natural cytotoxicity. We further demonstrate that NKG2C(hi) CD57(hi) NK cells are intrinsically responsive to signaling through CD16 cross-linking. Our findings show that the activity of pathogen-induced innate immune cells can be enhanced by adaptive humoral immunity. Understanding the activity of NKG2C(hi) CD57(hi) NK cells against HCMV-infected cells will be of relevance for the further development of adoptive immunotherapy.
Frequency Selective Surfaces for Beam-Switching Applications (2012)

A novel design of a beam-switching antenna based on reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) is presented. The antenna is composed of a cylindrical FSS with PIN diodes and divided into six equal sectors by metallic sheets. Metallic cones at the top and bottom of the structure are used to create a directive beam. The antenna is fed by a simple dipole at its center. To switch the radiation pattern of the antenna, the diodes in one FSS-sector are set off to be transparent to the incident EM waves, whereas the diodes in other sectors are on to reflect the incident wave. The direction of the radiation pattern is defined by the off-state sector. In this design, the beam-switching is achieved with only one layer and minimum size of the cylindrical active FSS in order to decrease the number of active elements, and the amount of the power supply. The antenna can sweep the entire azimuth plane with 60 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> radiation beamwidth in six steps. The fabricated antenna prototype operates from 2.3 GHz to 3 GHz with maximum measured gain of 10 dBi and 3-dB beamwidth of 60 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> . This antenna can be used in the base station of the wireless communication systems.
GTP-cyclohydrolase deficiency responsive to sapropterin and 5-HTP supplementation: relief of treatment-refractory depression and suicidal behaviour (2011)

The authors describe a new variant of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)- cyclohydrolase deficiency in a young man with severe and disabling major depressive disorder with multiple near-lethal suicide attempts. His cerebrospinal fluid levels showed that the concentration of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), neopterin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid were below the reference range, suggesting a defect in the pterin biosynthetic pathway and in synthesis of dopamine and serotonin indicative of GTP-cyclohydrolase deficiency. Patient was started on sapropterin, a BH4 replacement protein, for the defect in the above pathway. In addition, the authors started 5-hydroxytryptophan titrated to 400 mg orally twice daily with concomittant carbidopa 37.5 mg orally four times a day, and he responded with remission of suicidal ideation and significant improvement in depression and function.
Amplitude and frequency modulation characteristics of widely tunable GCSR lasers (1998)

The amplitude (AM) and frequency (FM) modulation responses of a grating assisted codirectional coupler with rear sampled grating reflector laser were measured over a 40-nm tuning range. The extracted modulation bandwidth varied between 3 and 4 GHz and parameters as parasitic cutoff, maximum relaxation frequency and K-factor were extracted from curve fittings to the AM response. The frequency modulation measurements revealed low chirp despite the large tunability of the device. The linewidth enhancement factor was calculated from the AM and FM measurements. The values ranges from three to nine for ten different operating wavelengths.
Paul Scheerbart's utopia of coloured glass (2004)

Points of departure for my presentation of Paul Scheerbart and his architecture of coloured glass are the concepts of utopia and transparency. In regard of the theme of the meeting, “Colour and Paints”, one might reflect on whether transparency contains either colour or paint, or both of them. The German poet Paul Scheerbart (1863-1915) was also a visionary architectural writer and inventor engaged in avant-garde circles. For more than twenty years he wrote about his speciality: glass architecture. His book Glasarchitektur was published in Berlin in 1914. The book —a minimalistic essay, a utopian text — consists of 111 very short chapters, or rather pieces composed around a single theme, aesthetically elaborated and mirroring Scheerbart’s ideological and technical interest in coloured glass. He writes in the first chapter: We live for the most part within enclosed spaces. These form the environment from which our culture grows. Our culture is in a sense a product of our architecture. If we wish to raise our culture to a higher level, we are forced for better or for worse to transform our architecture. And this will be possible only if we remove the enclosed quality from the spaces within which we live. This can be done only through the introduction of glass architecture that lets the sunlight and the light of the moon and stars into our rooms not merely through a few windows, but simultaneously through the greatest possible number of walls that are made entirely of glass —coloured glass. The new environment that we shall thereby create must bring with it a new culture.
Comparison of the Enantioselectivity of β-Cyclodextrin vs. Heptakis-2,3-O-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin LC Stationary Phases (1997)

Abstract The enantioselectivity of native β-cyclodextrin and its 2,3-methylated analogue were examined in both the “polar-organic” mode and the reversed phase mode. By comparing these two chiral selectors, the function of the secondary 2,3-hydroxyl groups at the mouth of the cyclodextrin can be examined (in regard to selectivity and retention). In the “polar-organic” mode, compounds that are easily resolved on the native β-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase (CSP) cannot be resolved on the methylated CSP. These results, as well as the retention data, lend support to the previously proposed “noninclusion” mechanism. In the reversed phase mode, many more compounds could be resolved on the native β-cyclodextrin CSP than on the methylated analogue. However, a few compounds were resolved only on the 2,3-methylated cyclodextrin CSP. In these cases, steric interactions at the mouth of the cyclodextrin cavity may be more important to chiral recognition than hydrogen bonding.
Optimal Steady-State Control for Linear Time-Invariant Systems (2018)

We consider the problem of designing a feedback controller that guides the input and output of a linear time-invariant system to a minimizer of a convex optimization problem. The system is subject to an unknown disturbance that determines the feasible set defined by the system equilibrium constraints. Our proposed design enforces the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions in steady-state without incorporating dual variables into the controller. We prove that the input and output variables achieve optimality in equilibrium and outline two procedures for designing controllers that stabilize the closed-loop system. We explore key ideas through simple examples and simulations.
Optical fiber interconnection for the scalable parallel computing system (2000)

In this paper, we discuss the optical fiber interconnection technologies applied in the two types of parallel processing systems: 1) a backplane interconnection in a parallel processor array system and 2) a computing cluster network. We have set up a parallel processor array system using optical fiber to make point-to-point interconnection between processor elements and are developing a low-cost virtual parallel optical fiber interconnection link (VPOFLink) complying with peripheral component interconnect (PCI) local bus specifications for the computing cluster. VPOFLink is integrated with the popular PCI bus interface in order to make the link hold the same bandwidth as that of the PCI bus. It was fabricated as an available peripheral device that can been inserted into the bus slots of commercial computers directly and can operate under the control of PCI bus. Also in this paper, we demonstrate the optical fiber link for a ring network and the architecture of the ring network.
Overview of deep learning (2016)

In recent years, deep learning has achieved great success in many fields, such as computer vision and natural language processing. Compared to traditional machine learning methods, deep learning has a strong learning ability and can make better use of datasets for feature extraction. Because of its practicability, deep learning becomes more and more popular for many researchers to do research works. In this paper, we mainly introduce some advanced neural networks of deep learning and their applications. Besides, we also discuss the limitations and prospects of deep learning.
Construction and properties of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the gene for the bacteriophage SPO1 DNA-binding protein TF1 (1990)

The Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPO1 encodes the DNA-binding protein TF1, a homolog of the ubiquitous type II DNA-binding proteins that are components of bacterial chromatin. The known three-dimensional structure of a related protein was used in devising a scheme of site-directed mutagenesis that led to the creation of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the TF1 gene. At the nonpermissive temperature, this mutation disrupted the temporal regulation of viral protein synthesis and processing, altered the kinetics of accumulation of at least one viral transcript, and prohibited the production of infective progeny phage. We suggest that TF1 function is required to shut off the expression of several early-middle and middle viral genes and that TF1 plays a role in phage head morphogenesis. Spontaneous second-site mutations of the temperature-sensitive mutant TF1 allele that suppressed its associated phenotypes were analyzed. These suppressor mutations conferred greater amino acid sequence homology with the type II DNA-binding protein from the thermophile Bacillus stearothermophilus.
Highly stereoselective formation of cis-enediones from α-diazo carbonyl compounds catalysed by [RuCl(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)2] (1997)

Stereoselective decomposition of the α-diazo carbonyl compounds N2CHCOR [R = Me, Prn, Pri, (CH2)10CH3] catalysed by [RuCl(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)2] (0.1 mol%) in toluene at 65 °C affords quantitatively RCOCHCHCOR carbene dimers, the cis isomers being formed in 95–97% yield; under the same experimental conditions N2CHCOEt gives diethyl maleate in a purity of greater than 99%, the highest value for a stereoselective carbene–carbene dimer formation reported to date.
Trainable Citation-enhanced Summarization of Scientific Articles (2016)

In order to cope with the growing number of relevant scientific publications to consider at a given time, automatic text summarization is a useful technique. However, summarizing scientific papers poses important challenges for the natural language processing community. In recent years a number of evaluation challenges have been proposed to address the problem of summarizing a scientific paper taking advantage of its citation network (i.e., the papers that cite the given paper). Here, we present our trainable technology to address a number of challenges in the context of the 2nd Computational Linguistics Scientific Document/nSummarization Shared Task.
Injection Snoreplasty (2005)

Regardless of etiology, sleep arousals generally do not result in shortened sleep but rather in sleep fragmentation. It is this fragmentation that is believed to be an important factor affecting impaired daytime wakefulness. Studies have suggested a strong association between sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness (55). Treatment studies also demonstrate a close link between sleep fragmentation and excessive daytime sleepiness. Reduced frequency of arousals from sleep with resultant reduction in the level of sleepiness is commonly seen in patients who are successfully treated for sleep apnea, whereas those who do not subjectively beneﬁt from treatment show no decrease in arousals or sleepiness, despite improved sleeping oxygenation. It must, however, be stressed that lack of fragmented sleep does not exempt one from feeling sleepy. Partial sleep deprivation may occasionally be seen in patients who are unable to sustain sleep from repeated sleep disruption. This is commonly seen in patients with anxiety predispositions or superimposed insomnia.
Venous thromboembolism in women (2008)

The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) varies throughout a woman's life and is associated primarily with underlying hormonal exposure. Alteration in hemostatic mechanisms, including resistance to activated protein C, may explain this altered risk. Initially, development of VTE with the use of contraception in young adulthood may reveal inherited thrombophilia. Pregnancy, and particularly the post-partum period, likely confer the greatest risk of VTE, but the absolute risk is small. Guidelines for prevention of VTE during pregnancy are based on personal or family history of VTE, and known inherited thrombophilia. Use of hormone replacement therapy later in life is associated with increased risk of VTE, and may be safest if given as an estrogen-only preparation to young postmenopausal women for less than 5 years. Universal screening for thrombophilia prior to pregnancy or initiating hormonal therapy is not recommended; however, selected testing in high-risk groups may be warranted. The lack of firm recommendations for the prevention of VTE in women highlights the need for future investigation aimed at identifying high-risk groups and evaluating the efficacy of prophylactic measures.