gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Linked Nanoporous Materials from Reactive and Multifunctional Block Polymers (2011)

Polylactide-b-poly(styrene-co-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PLA-b-P(S-co-HEMA)) and polylactide-b-poly(styrene-co-2-hydroxyethylacrylate) (PLA-b-P(S-co-HEA)) were synthesized by combination of ring-opening polymerization and reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography data indicated that the polymerizations were controlled and that hydroxyl groups were successfully incorporated into the block polymers. The polymers were reacted with 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) to form the corresponding cross-linked materials. The materials were annealed at 150 °C to complete the coupling reaction. Robust nanoporous materials were obtained from the cross-linked polymers by treatment with aqueous base to hydrolyze the PLA phase. Small-angle X-ray scattering study combined with scanning electron microscopy showed that MDI-cross-linked PLA-b-P(S-co-HEMA)/PLA-b-P(S-co-HEA) can adopt lamellar, hexagonally perforated lamellar, and hexagonally packed cylindrical morphologies after annealing. In particular, the HPL morphology was found to evolve from lamellae due to increase in volume fraction of PS phase as MDI reacted with hydroxyl groups. The reaction also kinetically trapped the morphology by cross-linking. Bicontinuous morphologies were also observed when dibutyltin dilaurate was added to accelerate reaction between the polymer and MDI.
Enhanced RGB-D Mapping Method for Detailed 3D Indoor and Outdoor Modeling (2016)

RGB-D sensors (sensors with RGB camera and Depth camera) are novel sensing systems that capture RGB images along with pixel-wise depth information. Although they are widely used in various applications, RGB-D sensors have significant drawbacks including limited measurement ranges (e.g., within 3 m) and errors in depth measurement increase with distance from the sensor with respect to 3D dense mapping. In this paper, we present a novel approach to geometrically integrate the depth scene and RGB scene to enlarge the measurement distance of RGB-D sensors and enrich the details of model generated from depth images. First, precise calibration for RGB-D Sensors is introduced. In addition to the calibration of internal and external parameters for both, IR camera and RGB camera, the relative pose between RGB camera and IR camera is also calibrated. Second, to ensure poses accuracy of RGB images, a refined false features matches rejection method is introduced by combining the depth information and initial camera poses between frames of the RGB-D sensor. Then, a global optimization model is used to improve the accuracy of the camera pose, decreasing the inconsistencies between the depth frames in advance. In order to eliminate the geometric inconsistencies between RGB scene and depth scene, the scale ambiguity problem encountered during the pose estimation with RGB image sequences can be resolved by integrating the depth and visual information and a robust rigid-transformation recovery method is developed to register RGB scene to depth scene. The benefit of the proposed joint optimization method is firstly evaluated with the publicly available benchmark datasets collected with Kinect. Then, the proposed method is examined by tests with two sets of datasets collected in both outside and inside environments. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed method.
Real-time Two-dimensional Spatiotemporal Imaging for THz Tomography of a Moving Object (2005)

We proposed real-time two-dimensional spatiotemporal imaging for THz tomography of a moving object by combined use of non-collinear free-space electro-optic sampling and a line focus of THz pulse at a sample.
Verification of coarse-grained reconfigurable arrays through random test programs (2018)

We propose and evaluate a framework to test the functional correctness of coarse-grained reconfigurable array (CGRA) processors for pre-silicon verification and post-silicon validation. To reflect the reconfigurable nature of CGRAs, an architectural model of the system under test is built directly from the hardware description files. A guided place-and-routing algorithm is used to map operations and operands onto the heterogeneous processing elements (PE). Test coverage is maximized by favoring unexercised parts of the architecture. Requiring no explicit knowledge about the semantics of operations, the random test program generator (RTPG) framework seamlessly supports custom ISA extensions.
Genetic Variation in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>: Circuit Diversification in a Signal Transduction Network (2012)

The connection between genotype and phenotype was assessed by determining the adhesion phenotype for the same mutation in two closely related yeast strains, S288c and Sigma, using two identical deletion libraries. Previous studies, all in Sigma, had shown that the adhesion phenotype was controlled by the filamentation mitogen-activated kinase (fMAPK) pathway, which activates a set of transcription factors required for the transcription of the structural gene FLO11. Unexpectedly, the fMAPK pathway is not required for FLO11 transcription in S288c despite the fact that the fMAPK genes are present and active in other pathways. Using transformation and a sensitized reporter, it was possible to isolate RPI1, one of the modifiers that permits the bypass of the fMAPK pathway in S288c. RPI1 encodes a transcription factor with allelic differences between the two strains: The RPI1 allele from S288c but not the one from Sigma can confer fMAPK pathway-independent transcription of FLO11. Biochemical analysis reveals differences in phosphorylation between the alleles. At the nucleotide level the two alleles differ in the number of tandem repeats in the ORF. A comparison of genomes between the two strains shows that many genes differ in size due to variation in repeat length.
Construction of a Symbiotically Effective Strain of <i>Rhizobium leguminosarum</i> bv. <i>trifolii</i> with Increased Nodulation Competitiveness (1990)

Genes involved in nodulation competitiveness (tfx) were inserted by marker exchange into the genome of the effective strain Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii TA1. Isogenic strains of TA1 were constructed which differed only in their ability to produce trifolitoxin, an antirhizobial peptide. Trifolitoxin production by the ineffective strain R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii T24 limited nodulation of clover roots by trifolitoxin-sensitive strains of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii. The trifolitoxin-producing exconjugant TA1::10-15 was very competitive for nodulation on clover roots when coinoculated with a trifolitoxin-sensitive reference strain. The nonproducing exconjugant TA1::12-10 was not competitive for nodule occupancy when coinoculated with the reference strain. Tetracycline sensitivity and Southern analysis confirmed the loss of vector DNA in the exconjugants. Trifolitoxin production by TA1::10-15 was stable in the absence of selection pressure. Transfer of tfx to TA1 did not affect nodule number or nitrogenase activity. These experiments represent the first stable genetic transfer of genes involved in nodulation competitiveness to a symbiotically effective Rhizobium strain.
Some Algorithms for Computing Best Approximations from Convex Cones (1975)

It is shown that the problem of finding best approximations out of convex cones is equivalent to finding them out of linear subspaces. The subspace which works depends on the element being approximated and may be chosen to be a hyperplane or a finite-dimensional subspace. Algorithms based on these facts are given, and some applications to specific problems are made.
System Identification of Jet Engines (1999)

System identification plays an important role in advanced control systems for jet engines, in which controls are performed adaptively using data from the actual engine and the identified engine. An identification technique for jet engine using the Constant Gain Extended Kalman Filter (CGEKF) is described. The filter is constructed for a two-spool turbofan engine. The CGEKF filter developed here can recognize parameter change in engine components and estimate unmeasurable variables over whole flight conditions. These capabilities are useful for an advanced Full Authority Digital Electric Control (FADEC). Effects of measurement noise and bias, effects of operating point and unpredicted performance change are discussed. Some experimental results using the actual engine are shown to evaluate the effectiveness of CGEKF filter. [S0742-4795(00)00401-4]
C-H activation. (2010)

Synthesis in the Key of Catellani: Norbornene-Mediated ortho C-H Functionalization.- Mechanistic Considerations in the Development and Use of Azine, Diazine and Azole N-Oxides in Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation.- Palladium and Copper Catalysis in Regioselective, Intermolecular Coupling of C-H and C-Hal Bonds.- Pd-Catalyzed C-H Bond Functionalization on the Indole and Pyrrole Nucleus.- Remote C-H Activation via Through-Space Palladium and Rhodium Migrations.- Palladium-Catalyzed Aryl-Aryl Bond Formation Through Double C-H Activation.- Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic C-H Bond Functionalization of Olefins.- Ruthenium-Catalyzed Direct Arylations Through C-H Bond Cleavages.- Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Bond Arylation of Arenes.- Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions of sp3-Hybridized C-H Bonds.- Functionalization of Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds Through Transition Metal Carbenoid Insertion.- Metal-Catalyzed Oxidations of C-H to C-N Bonds.
Molecular detection of XO - Turner syndrome. (2002)

Turner syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency of the short arm of X-chromosome, and is usually diagnosed by karyotyping. This procedure is time-consuming, expensive and unfeasible for population screening. We propose molecular detection of 45XO Turner patients based on the ability of HpaII, a methylation sensitive endonuclease, to induce the cleavage of non-methylated DNA in the active X-allele. Genomic DNA was obtained from 22 patients with Turner syndrome confirmed by karyotype (45XO, N = 18; 45XO/46XX, N = 4). After digestion, DNA was amplified with primers directed to exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene and to the GAPDH control gene. Normal control females or mosaic patients, with a second methylated X-chromosome, escaped from HpaII digestion and produced a band corresponding to AR gene amplification. 45XO patients have just one active non-methylated X-chromosome, completely digested by HpaII, thus preventing the amplification of the AR gene. Three of the 45XO cases gave amplified bands, suggesting low-frequency mosaicisms that are not detected by karyotyping. Compared to classical karyotype studies for the detection of 45XO Turner patients, this new molecular method is simpler, faster and less expensive.
Iterative Soft Multipath Interference Cancellation Assisted by Hybrid ARQ with Constellation Rearrangement for HSDPA System (2007)

High speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) is the major evolution of UMTS downlink. It provides peak data rates up to 10.8 Mbps. This is reached by radio link adaptivity, which includes fast scheduling, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). The performance of AMC suffers from multipath interference introduced by the channel especially when using 16-QAM modulation. This is because of the variation in bit reliabilities caused by the bit-mapping onto the signal constellation. In this paper, we present a soft iterative multipath interference canceller (MPIC) for suppressing the multipath interference. We also propose to use HARQ Chase combining with the constellation rearrangement technique in joint application with MPIC. This can equalize the variation of bit reliabilities by using different mapping rules over HARQ transmissions. It is proven that the performance of adaptive modulation and coding is significantly improved after only two HARQ transmissions.
Antimicrobial activity of volatile oils. (1980)

The bacteriostatic and fungistatic activities of 22 volatile oils were evaluated. The results showed that the oils tested varied in their antimicrobial activity. Cinnamon oil showed the highest activity against the tested bacteria and fungi. A comparison was made between the biostatic and biocidal activity of each oil. The results also showed that the bacteriostatic results as obtained by the agar-diffusion and serial dilution methods were not always parallel. The data obtained can be made use of clinically as well as for the preservation of liquid preparations liable to microbial contamination.
Optische Untersuchungen zur Wasserdampfsorption in Aufdampfschichten (insbesondere in MgF<sub>2</sub>‐Schichten) (1965)

Abstract An MgF 2 ‐, Kryolith‐, SiO‐ und ZnS‐Schichten der optischen Dicke n s d s ≈ 500 nm, die als Abstandsschichten eines Fabry‐Perot‐Interferenzfiltersystems zwischen Silberschichten eingebettet waren, wurde die Sorption von Wasserdampf mit der Methode der „fringes of equal chromatic order”︁ näher untersucht. In besonders starkem Maße wird Wasserdampf durch MgF 2 ‐Schichten sorbiert. Die Wasserdampfsorption durch MgF 2 ‐Schichten ist nur zum Teil reversibel. Ein Teil des Wasserdampfes wird durch Chemisorption irreversible gebunden. Für die besonders eingehend untersuchten MgF 2 ‐Schichten wird ein einfaches Modell für die Schichtstruktur benutzt, um die experimentellen Ergebnisse zu deuten. Mit Hilfe dieser Modellvorstellung (in der angenommen wird, daß die MgF 2 ‐Schichten aus kugelförmigen Aggregaten in dichter Packung aufgebaut sind) ist es möglich, über den irreversibel chemisorbierten Wasserdampfanteil Kristallitgrößen von ca. 100 bis 200 Å Durchmesser abzuschätzen. Die im Vergleich zu den anderen untersuchten Substanzen besonders ausgeprägte Fähigkeit der MgF 2 ‐Schichten, Wasserdampf sorbieren zu können, ist vermutlich auf die hohe Polarität der MgF 2 ‐Valenzbindungen und nicht auf eine wesentlich stärkere Lockerstruktur der MgF 2 ‐Schichten zurückzuführen.
A Generalization of Residual Belief Propagation for Flexible Reduced Complexity LDPC Decoding (2011)

Beside the well known iterative Belief Propagation algorithm several alternative decoding schemes for Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes providing better performance in terms of residual error rate, convergence speed or computational complexity have been developed in the last years. Recently, Informed Dynamic Scheduling has been proposed in [1] providing different decoding strategies that dynamically decide which messages are passed throughout the decoding process. It was shown that the overall convergence can be sped up considerably and also more errors can be corrected compared to other (non-dynamic) decoding strategies. However, these improvements are somehow overshadowed by a significant amount of additional computational complexity that is needed for the selection of the messages to be updated in each decoding step. We propose two novel dynamic decoding strategies that allow for a flexible adaptation of the decoder's dynamics and reduce the additional complexity remarkably while maintaining, and in some cases even exceeding, the convergence speed and error rate performance of currently known dynamic schedules.
Analysis of error sequences for PRML and EPRML signaling performed over Lorentzian channel (2002)

It is well-known that PRML and EPRML signaling systems applied to digital magnetic recording suffer in performance due to noise correlation at the output of the channel equalizer. We analyze the error sequences for PRML and EPRML equalized Lorentzian channel in order to determine the channel performance. It is shown that an exact expression for the performance of these channels, in terms of the minimum distance error sequence, can be found. These expressions takes into account the correlation of noise due to equalization. A rigorous analysis of the error sequences is performed to compute the system performance degradations due to noise correlation. The exact expressions for the equalization filter and the output of the low pass filter both in time and frequency domains are also calculated.
Characterization of Candida albicans cell wall antigens with monoclonal antibodies (1993)

The antigenic composition of Candida albicans is very complex. In order to study the antigenic relationship between blastoconidia and germ tubes of C. albicans, we produced several monoclonal antibodies and analyzed their reactivity against cell wall antigens either in intact cells or in cells treated with dithiothreitol. Overall, four types of reactivity were found. Monoclonal antibodies 3D9 and 15C9 stained the germ tubes only when tested by indirect immunofluorescence. However, they showed a different reactivity by immunoblotting. Monoclonal antibody 3D9 reacted with antigens with molecular masses of > 200 and 180 kDa specifically expressed in the germ tube. Monoclonal antibody 15C9 reacted with antigens of 87, 50, and 34 kDa present in the germ tube extract and with antigens of 92, 50, 34, and 32 kDa present in the blastoconidium extract. The reactivity of blastoconidia treated for different times with dithiothreitol with these monoclonal antibodies was also studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The reactivity of monoclonal antibody 3D9 did not significantly change during the cell wall extraction. However, the reactivity of monoclonal antibody 15C9 was increased for blastoconidia extracted for 60 min and decreased markedly for blastocondia extracted for 120 min. Monoclonal antibody G3B was nonreactive by indirect immunofluoresence but reacted with antigens of 47 and 38 kDa present in the germ tube extract and with an antigen of 47 kDa present in the blastoconidium extract. Monoclonal antibody B9E stained both morphological phases by indirect immunofluorescence. By immunoblotting, it reacted with antigens of > 70 kDa present in the germ tube extract and with antigens of > 63, 56, 47, and 38 kDa present in the blastoconidium extract. Based on the results presented in this study, four types of antigens are described. Type I antigens are expressed on the outermost layers of the germ tube cell wall only. Type II antigens are expressed both on the germ tube cell wall surface and within the blastoconidium cell wall. Type III antigens are found within the cell wall of both blastoconidia and germ tubes. Type IV antigens are expressed on both the blastoconidium and germ tube surface. Two types more can be hypothesized for antigens expressed on the blastoconidium cell surface and within the germ tube cell wall (type V) and for those expressed on the blastoconidium surface only (type VI).
Assessment of Hepatic Steatosis in Patients Undergoing Liver Resection: Comparison of US, CT, T1-weighted Dual-Echo MR Imaging, and Point-resolved<sup>1</sup>H MR Spectroscopy (2010)

In contrast to US and CT, T1-weighted MR imaging and (1)H MR spectroscopy strongly correlate with histopathologic steatosis assessment and are able to demonstrate differences across steatosis grades. T1-weighted dual-echo MR imaging and (1)H MR spectroscopy had the best diagnostic accuracy in depicting hepatic steatosis.
Certainty-Based Marking (CBM) for reflective learning and proper knowledge assessment (2007)

29th to the 31st May 2007 http://www.reap.ac.uk/reap07/ConferenceSessions/Theme2Greatdesignsforassessment/Raisingstudentsmetacognition/tabid/295/Default.html?link=295&tabid=308
Nickel oxide interlayer films from nickel formate–ethylenediamine precursor: influence of annealing on thin film properties and photovoltaic device performance (2015)

Decomposition/oxidation correlated to nanoscale c-AFM helps separate selectivity and conductivity.
Reduced tendency to form a .beta. turn in peptides from the P22 tailspike protein correlates with a temperature-sensitive folding defect (1990)

A family of mutants of the P22 bacteriophage tailspike protein has been characterized as temperature sensitive for folding (tsf) by King and co-workers [King, J. (1986) Bio/Technology 4, 297-303]. There is substantial evidence that the tsf mutations alter the folding pathway but not the stability of the final folded protein. Several point mutations are known to cause the tsf phenotype; most of these occur in regions of the tailspike sequence likely to take up reverse turns. Hence, it has been hypothesized that the correct folding of the P22 tailspike protein requires formation of turns and that the mutations causing tsf phenotypes interfere at this critical stage. We have tested this hypothesis by study of isolated peptides corresponding to a region of the P22 tailspike harboring a tsf mutation. Comparison of the tendencies of wild-type and tsf sequences to adopt turn conformations was achieved by the synthesis of peptides with flanking cysteine residues and the use of a thiol-disulfide exchange assay. We find that the wild-type sequence, either as a decapeptide (Ac-CVKFPGIETC-CONH2) or as a dodecapeptide (Ac-CYVKFPGIETLC-CONH2), has a 3-5-fold greater tendency for its termini to approach closely enough to form the intramolecular disulfide than do the peptide sequences corresponding to the tsf mutant sequences, which have a Gly----Arg substitution (Ac-CVKFPRIETC-CONH2 or Ac-CYVKFPRIETLC-CONH2). A peptide with a D-Arg substituted for the Gly has a slightly higher turn propensity than does the wild type. Together with data from nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the oxidized peptides, this suggests that a type II beta turn is favored by the wild-type sequence. Our results on isolated peptides from the P22 tailspike protein support the model for its folding that includes reverse turn formation as a critical step.
Enantioselective Diels–Alder reactions catalyzed by hydrogen bonding (2004)

Like molecules of life (e.g., proteins and DNA), many pharmaceutical drugs are also asymmetric (chiral); they are not superimposable on their mirror images. One mirror image form (enantiomer) of a drug can have desirable activity, the other not. Consequently, the development of methods for the selective synthesis of one enantiomer is of great scientific and economic importance. We report here that a simple, commercially available chiral alcohol, alpha,alpha,alpha',alpha'-tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol (TADDOL), catalyzes the all-carbon Diels-Alder reactions of aminosiloxydienes and substituted acroleins to afford the products in good yields and high enantioselectivities (up to 92% enantiomeric excess). It is remarkable that the reactions are promoted by hydrogen bonding, the ubiquitous "glue" that helps to keep water molecules together and holds up the 3D structures of proteins. Hydrogen bond catalysis is little used in chemical synthesis, wherein most reactions are promoted by complexes of Lewis acidic metal salts coordinated to chiral ligands. As it does for enzymes, hydrogen bonding not only organizes TADDOL into a well defined conformation, but, functioning as a Brønsted acid catalyst, it also activates the dienophile toward reaction with the diene. The gross structure of the TADDOL has been found to have a profound influence on both the rate and the enantioselectivity of the cycloadditions. These structure-function effects are rationalized by evaluating the conformation adopted by the TADDOLs in the crystal state. It is suggested that pi,pi-stacking plays an central role in the overall catalytic cycle, in particular, the enantioselective step.