gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ectopic Expression of <i>ABSCISIC ACID 2/GLUCOSE INSENSITIVE 1</i> in Arabidopsis Promotes Seed Dormancy and Stress Tolerance (2006)

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone that plays a critical role in seed development, dormancy, and stress tolerance. 9-cis-Epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase is the key enzyme controlling ABA biosynthesis and stress tolerance. In this study, we investigated the effect of ectopic expression of another ABA biosynthesis gene, ABA2 (or GLUCOSE INSENSITIVE 1 [GIN1]) encoding a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We show that ABA2-overexpressing transgenic plants with elevated ABA levels exhibited seed germination delay and more tolerance to salinity than wild type when grown on agar plates and/or in soil. However, the germination delay was abolished in transgenic plants showing ABA levels over 2-fold higher than that of wild type grown on 250 mm NaCl. The data suggest that there are distinct mechanisms underlying ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination under diverse stress. The ABA-deficient mutant aba2, with a shorter primary root, can be restored to normal root growth by exogenous application of ABA, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing ABA2 showed normal root growth. The data reflect that the basal levels of ABA are essential for maintaining normal primary root elongation. Furthermore, analysis of ABA2 promoter activity with ABA2::beta-glucuronidase transgenic plants revealed that the promoter activity was enhanced by multiple prolonged stresses, such as drought, salinity, cold, and flooding, but not by short-term stress treatments. Coincidently, prolonged drought stress treatment led to the up-regulation of ABA biosynthetic and sugar-related genes. Thus, the data support ABA2 as a late expression gene that might have a fine-tuning function in mediating ABA biosynthesis through primary metabolic changes in response to stress.
Trapping of Bioparticles via Microvortices in a Microfluidic Device for Bioassay Applications (2008)

This paper presents hydrodynamic trapping of bioparticles in a microfluidic device. An in-plane oscillatory microplate, driven via Lorentz law, generates two counter-rotating microvortices, trapping the bioparticles within the confines of the microvortices. The force required to trap bioparticles is quantified by tuning the background flow and the microplate's excitation voltage. Trapping and releasing of 10-microm polystyrene beads, human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells, red blood cells (RBCs), and IgG antibodies were demonstrated. Results show the microvortices rotates at 0-6 Hz corresponding to 2-9 Vpp (peak-to-peak) excitation. At a particular rate of rotation (2-7 Vpp tested), a bioparticle is trapped until the background flow exceeds a limit. This flow limit increases with the rate of rotation, which defines the trap/release force boundary over the range of operation. This boundary is 12 +/- 2.0 pN for cell-size bioparticles and 160 +/- 50 fN for antibodies. Trapping of RBCs demonstrated microvortices' ability for nonspherical cells. Cell viability was studied via HEK cells that were trapped for 30 min and shown to be viable. This hydrodynamically controlled approach to trap a wide range of bioparticles should be useful as a microfluidic device for cellular and subcellular bioassay applications.
Weakly-Supervised Hierarchical Text Classification (2019)

Hierarchical text classification, which aims to classify text documents into a given hierarchy, is an important task in many real-world applications. Recently, deep neural models are gaining increasing popularity for text classification due to their expressive power and minimum requirement for feature engineering. However, applying deep neural networks for hierarchical text classification remains challenging, because they heavily rely on a large amount of training data and meanwhile cannot easily determine appropriate levels of documents in the hierarchical setting. In this paper, we propose a weakly-supervised neural method for hierarchical text classification. Our method does not require a large amount of training data but requires only easy-to-provide weak supervision signals such as a few class-related documents or keywords. Our method effectively leverages such weak supervision signals to generate pseudo documents for model pre-training, and then performs self-training on real unlabeled data to iteratively refine the model. During the training process, our model features a hierarchical neural structure, which mimics the given hierarchy and is capable of determining the proper levels for documents with a blocking mechanism. Experiments on three datasets from different domains demonstrate the efficacy of our method compared with a comprehensive set of baselines.
Source-Device-Independent Ultrafast Quantum Random Number Generation (2017)

Secure random numbers are a fundamental element of many applications in science, statistics, cryptography and more in general in security protocols. We present a method that enables the generation of high-speed unpredictable random numbers from the quadratures of an electromagnetic field without any assumption on the input state. The method allows us to eliminate the numbers that can be predicted due to the presence of classical and quantum side information. In particular, we introduce a procedure to estimate a bound on the conditional min-entropy based on the entropic uncertainty principle for position and momentum observables of infinite dimensional quantum systems. By the above method, we experimentally demonstrated the generation of secure true random bits at a rate greater than 1.7 Gbit/s.
An architecture for ad-hoc and collaborative business intelligence (2010)

The success of organizations or business networks depends on fast and well-founded decisions taken by the relevant people in their specific area of responsibility. To enable timely and well-founded decisions, it is often necessary to perform ad-hoc analyses in a collaborative manner involving domain experts, line-of-business managers, key suppliers or customers. Current Business Intelligence (BI) solutions fail to meet the challenges of ad-hoc and collaborative decision support, slowing down and hurting organizations.
Two-Dimensional High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1997)

The quest for a substantial increase in the peak capacity and, therefore, in the number of compounds that can be separated in a single chromatographic run, led to the development of multidimensional techniques in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The “classical” method of collecting fractions from the initial separation and separating them further in the secondary steps is very powerful but its fully automated “online” version requires quite complex instrumentation. In contrast, development of new chromatographic media with segregated biomodal chemistries allows the 2-D separations to be achieved in a single column with standard HPLC equipment.
Quantification of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria and E. coli in water by 5'-nuclease PCR (2002)

5'-Nuclease PCR can be adopted as an effective diagnostic tool for monitoring microbiological water quality, through coliform quantification, and detection of other waterborne microbial pathogens.
High-Bandwidth and High-Responsivity Top-Illuminated Germanium Photodiodes for Optical Interconnection (2013)

In this paper, we report efficient high-speed top-illuminated p-i-n photodiodes with high responsivity fabricated from germanium (Ge) films grown directly on silicon-on-insulator substrates. The devices were characterized with respect to their dark current, responsivity, and 3-dB bandwidth (BW) in the near infrared. For a 20-μm-diameter device at room temperature, the dark current densities were approximately 38.3 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at -1 V. The responsivity (\mmb <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> ) at 1.55 μm was 0.30 A/W, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 24%. The 3-dB BW of the detector with 20-μm diameter is as high as 23.3 GHz.
CL 115,347 (DHV-PGE2 ME): a new orally and topically active prostaglandin antihypertensive agent. (1983)

CL 115,347 orally (0.25-10 mg/kg) and topically (0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg) lowered blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Duration of action of the oral dose range was from 1 to more than 8 h and of the topical dose range, from more than 6 to more than 24 h. CL 115,347 was 100-200 times more potent orally and greater than 250 times more potent topically than l-prostaglandin (PG) E2. When 3 mg/kg was administered orally, CL 115,347 was also active in Dahl "S" salt-sensitive hypertensive rats, deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats, aorta-coarcted renin-dependent hypertensive rats, normotensive rats, bilaterally nephrectomized SHR, and bilaterally ureteral-ligated SHR. CL 115,347 was also orally active at 0.1 mg/kg in normotensive rhesus monkeys and in renal hypertensive dogs at 1 mg/kg. CL 115,347 was as active as l-PGE2 in relaxing the rabbit ear arterial smooth muscle in vitro. In anesthetized dogs, CL 115,347 injected intra-arterially (0.5-10 micrograms) into the vascular bed being studied increased blood flow to femoral, carotid, coronary, superior mesenteric, and renal vascular beds. CL 115,347 decreased vasopressor responses induced by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord at T7-T9 but did not decrease the tachycardia induced by stimulation of the cardioaccelerator segments (C7-T1) in pithed SHR. CL 115,347 has a broad spectrum of antihypertensive activity in various animal models and probably exerts its major antihypertensive effects through relaxation of blood vessels.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene expression in human tissues. Effects of obesity, weight loss, and regulation by insulin and glucocorticoids. (1997)

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR gamma) plays a key role in adipogenesis and adipocyte gene expression and is the receptor for the thiazolidinedione class of insulin-sensitizing drugs. The tissue expression and potential for regulation of human PPAR gamma gene expression in vivo are unknown. We have cloned a partial human PPAR gamma cDNA, and established an RNase protection assay that permits simultaneous measurements of both PPAR gamma1 and PPAR gamma2 splice variants. Both gamma1 and gamma2 mRNAs were abundantly expressed in adipose tissue. PPAR gamma1 was detected at lower levels in liver and heart, whereas both gamma1 and gamma2 mRNAs were expressed at low levels in skeletal muscle. To examine the hypothesis that obesity is associated with abnormal adipose tissue expression of PPAR gamma, we quantitated PPARgamma mRNA splice variants in subcutaneous adipose tissue of 14 lean and 24 obese subjects. Adipose expression of PPARgamma 2 mRNA was increased in human obesity (14.25 attomol PPAR gamma2/18S in obese females vs 9.9 in lean, P = 0.003). This increase was observed in both male and females. In contrast, no differences were observed in PPAR gamma1/18S mRNA expression. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.70, P < 0.001) between the ratio of PPAR gamma2/gamma1 and the body mass index of these patients. We also observed sexually dimorphic expression with increased expression of both PPAR gamma1 and PPAR gamma2 mRNAs in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of women compared with men. To determine the effect of weight loss on PPAR gamma mRNA expression, seven additional obese subjects were fed a low calorie diet (800 Kcal) until 10% weight loss was achieved. Mean expression of adipose PPAR gamma2 mRNA fell 25% (P = 0.0250 after a 10% reduction in body weight), but then increased to pretreatment levels after 4 wk of weight maintenance. Nutritional regulation of PPAR gamma1 was not seen. In vitro experiments revealed a synergistic effect of insulin and corticosteroids to induce PPAR gamma expression in isolated human adipocytes in culture. We conclude that: (a) human PPAR gamma mRNA expression is most abundant in adipose tissue, but lower level expression of both splice variants is seen in skeletal muscle; to an extent that is unlikely to be due to adipose contamination. (b) RNA derived from adipose tissue of obese humans has increased expression of PPAR gamma 2 mRNA, as well as an increased ratio of PPAR gamma2/gamma1 splice variants that is proportional to the BMI; (c) a low calorie diet specifically down-regulates the expression of PPAR gamma2 mRNA in adipose tissue of obese humans; (d) insulin and corticosteroids synergistically induce PPAR gamma mRNA after in vitro exposure to isolated human adipocytes; and (e) the in vivo modulation of PPAR gamma2 mRNA levels is an additional level of regulation for the control of adipocyte development and function, and could provide a molecular mechanism for alterations in adipocyte number and function in obesity.
Nanosecond threshold switching of GeTe6 cells and their potential as selector devices (2012)

Time-resolved threshold switching characteristics including transient parameters such as delay time and holding voltage are reported for a nanoscale GeTe6 Ovonic threshold switching (OTS) device. The voltage dependence of the threshold switching process has been studied, revealing switching in less than 5 ns in the fastest case. A constant holding voltage is observed for the different voltage pulses applied, which is an indicative for a stable on state in the amorphous phase. In addition, the potential of GeTe6 devices as OTS selectors is validated.
Silicon waveguide based TE mode converter (2010)

A silicon waveguide based TE mode converter was designed for the mode conversion between a horizontal waveguide and vertical waveguide in the two-layer structure waveguide based polarization diversity circuit. The TE mode converter's performance was studied. The polarization mode converter with minimum length of 5 μm was demonstrated to provide the TE mode conversion while maintaining the polarization status. The insertion loss at the transition region was less than 2 dB.
High-Temperature Heat Contents of the Metatitanates of Calcium, Iron and Magnesium<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-Temperature Heat Contents of the Metatitanates of Calcium, Iron and Magnesium1B. F. Naylor and O. A. CookCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 6, 1003–1005Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01210a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01210a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Rate of Spontaneous Decarboxylation of Amino Acids (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe Rate of Spontaneous Decarboxylation of Amino AcidsMark J. Snider and Richard WolfendenView Author Information Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 46, 11507–11508Publication Date (Web):November 3, 2000Publication History Received2 August 2000Published online3 November 2000Published inissue 22 November 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ja002851cCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1714Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (39 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Kinetic parameters,Monomers,Organic reactions,Peptides and proteins,Phosphates Get e-Alerts
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Methyl Ethers with Aryl Boronic Esters (2008)

To COMe and go: The title reaction, involving cleavage of a COMe bond, is demonstrated for the coupling of aryl methyl ethers on fused aromatic systems, such as naphthalene and phenanthrene, as well as anisoles containing electron-withdrawing groups with a wide range of boronic esters. cod=cycloocta-1,5-diene, Cy=cyclohexyl.
Stochastic Model-Predictive Control for Lane Change Decision of Automated Driving Vehicles (2018)

This paper describes lane change motion planning with a combination of probabilistic and deterministic prediction for automated driving under complex driving circumstances. The autonomous lane change should arrive safely at the destination. The subject vehicle needs to perceive and predict the behaviors of other vehicles with sensors. From the information of other vehicles, a collision probability is defined using a reachable set of uncertainty propagation. In addition, the lane change risk is monitored using predicted time-to-collision and safety distance to guarantee safety in lane change behavior. A safe driving envelope is defined as constraints based on the combinatorial prediction (probabilistic and deterministic) of the behavior of surrounding vehicles. To obtain the desired steering angle and longitudinal acceleration to maintain the automated driving vehicle under constraints, a stochastic model-predictive control problem is formulated. The proposed model has been evaluated by performing lane change simulations in MATLAB/Simulink, while considering the effect of combination prediction. Also, the proposed algorithm has been implemented on a test vehicle. The simulation and test results show that the proposed algorithm can handle complicated lane change scenarios, while guaranteeing safety.
Epitaxial growth and properties of YBa2Cu3O7−δ/NdGaO3/YBa2Cu3O7−δ trilayer structures (1991)

We have used laser deposition to make YBa2Cu3O7−δ/NdGaO3/YBa2Cu3O7−δ trilayer structures. NdGaO3 films grow epitaxially on well lattice-matched substrates, like SrTiO3 (100), and on c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O7−δ films. Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−δ films were grown on top of the NdGaO3 films, and there was no significant difference in critical temperature between top and bottom layers of the trilayer structures. The resistivity of a 300-nm-thick NdGaO3 interlayer was as high as 108 Ω cm at 300 K.
Phenotypic Switching in Mycoplasmas: Phase Variation of Diverse Surface Lipoproteins (1990)

The ability of some microorganisms to rapidly alter the expression and structure of surface components reflects an important strategy for adaptation to changing environments, including those encountered by infectious agents within respective host organisms. Mycoplasma hyorhinis , a wall-less prokaryotic pathogen of the class Mollicutes, is shown to undergo high-frequency phase transitions in colony morphology and opacity and in the expression of diverse lipid-modified, cell-surface protein antigens. These proteins spontaneously vary in size, contain highly repetitive structures, and are oriented with their carboxyl-terminal region external to the membrane. Thus, mycoplasma membrane lipoproteins generate microbial surface diversity and may be part of a complex system that controls interactions of these organisms with their hosts.
Approaches to, and Problems with, Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Alkali Metal Electrochemical Devices: The Case of Low-Melting Chloroaluminate Binary Solutions (2014)

Despite many attempts to use ionic liquid media with dissolved lithium salts as the electrolyte component of electrochemical cells, there has been only limited success. Despite its small size, Li+ seems to be the slowest species in the electrolyte, so the cells polarize. As sodium batteries gain attention, the needed Na+-containing ionic liquid electrolytes are likely to encounter similar, but more serious, kinetic problems. Here we first review past attempts to use, as an alternative, inorganic salts and quasi-salts of high conductivity, where conductivity increases with alkali content. Then we provide a detailed study of one organic cation system which confirms and extends earlier work by the Wilkes laboratory that showed how the opposite trend applied for mixtures of NaAlCl4 with the ionic liquid ethylmethylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate [EMI][AlCl4]. In the present work the depression of conductivity for the Na+ case is fully characterized and is discussed in terms of a 1983 coulomb field alkali trapping concept for low-melting mixtures. This itself is an adaptation of earlier molten salt electrostatic and ionic polarizability models. The apparent exceptionalism of lithium salts in inorganic quasi-ionic liquid solutions is reviewed and possible ways of sidestepping the identified problems for sodium ion conductors are considered.
Nutritional Rickets-Review (2010)

Nutritional rickets (NR) is still the most common form of growing bone disease despite the efforts of health care providers to reduce the incidence of the disease. Today, it is well known that the etiology of NR ranges from isolated vitamin D deficiency (VDD) to isolated calcium deficiency. In Turkey, almost all NR cases result from VDD. Recent evidence suggests that in addition to its short- or long-term effects on skeletal development, VDD during infancy may predispose the patient to diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer and multiple sclerosis. Among the factors responsible for the high prevalence of VDD in developing countries and its resurgence in developed countries is limited sunshine exposure due to individuals' spending more time indoors (watching television and working on computer) or avoiding sun exposure intentionally for fear of skin cancer. Traditional clothing (covering the entire body except the face and hands) further limits the exposure time to sunlight and, thus, decreases the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D. In Turkey, maternal VDD and exclusive breastfeeding without supplementation were reported to be the most prominent reasons leading to NR. The diagnosis of NR is established by a thorough history and physical examination and confirmed by laboratory evaluation. Recent reports draw attention to the supplemental doses of vitamin D required to achieve a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of at least 20 ng/ml (50 nmol/l) - the serum concentration that is needed to optimize absorption of dietary calcium and to suppress excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone. This type of prevention will also reduce fracture risk as well as prevent long-term negative effect of vitamin D insufficiency.