gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and behavior of nanoscale field emission structures (1997)

Novel field emission devices with dimensions an order of magnitude less than the elastic mean free path of electrons in air have been fabricated and tested at atmospheric pressure. It is well known that the operating voltage of field emission devices may be decreased by reducing the radius of the emitter tip and the distance between the emitter tip and extractor electrode. We have developed and tested a nanoscale-tip field emission system consisting of multiple emitter tips with radii of about 1 nm within an extractor aperture 50 nm in diameter. All nanopillar tips were less than 30 nm from the extractor electrode in both the horizontal and vertical directions, so field-emitted electrons traveled ballistically from the nanopillar tips to the extractor electrode even at atmospheric pressure. The extractor turn-on voltage was approximately 7 V; field-emitted currents of about 10 nA were collected typically at an extractor voltage of 9 V.
Source localization from axial image sets by iterative relaxation of the nearest neighbor criterion (1999)

The use of axial image sets has become widely used to localize interstitial brachytherapy sources. One application of this method of localization is to perform post-implant dosimetry following transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy (TIPPB) where the target structure and the source locations are displayed on the same image. The design of an appropriate scanning sequence often results in abutting slices of an intermediate slice width (3, 4, or 5 mm). Because a single source may be imaged on more than one slice, the resultant scans always show many more source locations than actual sources implanted. The physicist is then faced with the tedious task of determining which sources appear on more than one slice and deciding which source locations to eliminate from the data set. We have developed an algorithm, similar to one employed by Roy et al., which automates this process by relaxing the nearest neighbor criterion until the number of sources is reduced to either the number of sources implanted or the number counted on a projection radiograph. This paper details this algorithm and the results of its application to phantom studies, comparing to known source locations, as well as clinical studies, comparing to orthogonal film source localization, on a series of ten patients. Phantom studies demonstrate the superiority of the algorithm over orthogonal film reconstruction, locating 100% of the sources within 5 mm of the actual location as compared to 66% for the paired radiographs. The clinical study findings are commensurate with these results, with 72% of the sources on average located within 5 mm of the corresponding source in the other data set. The positive correlation of the quality of the orthogonal film reconstruction results with the quality of the coregistration results suggests that differences in registration between the two data sets may be due primarily to the uncertainties in the orthogonal film reconstruction.
Selective degradation of thymidine and thymine deoxynucleotides (1966)

1. Osmium tetroxide in dilute ammonia oxidizes various pyrimidine nucleosides at different rates. Thymidine is oxidized about 45 times as fast as deoxycytidine. The phosphate groups may be eliminated from oxidized thymine nucleotides by successive treatments with alkali and then with diphenylamine in aqueous formic acid. The reactions can be applied to the selective degradation of thymidine in oligodeoxynucleotides.
LnPdSb (Ln=La,Gd): Promising intermetallics with large carrier mobility for high performance p-type thermoelectric materials (2006)

The authors studied the thermoelectric properties of LaPdSb and GdPdSb. The values of the thermoelectric power were positive and relatively large (60–100μV∕K). The values of the electrical resistivity were on the order of 10−4Ωcm, which is unexpectedly low in view of the large values observed for the thermoelectric power. From the Hall effect measurements, the unusually low electrical resistivity was confirmed to be caused by the large carrier mobility. LaPdSb indicated a large power factor of 50μW∕K2cm at 327K and a large dimensionless figure of merit of 0.26 at around room temperature.
A filtered-backprojection cone-beam algorithm for general orbits with implementation details for the two-orthogonal-circles orbit (2005)

A new cone-beam reconstruction algorithm for general orbits is presented. The algorithm is derived from an exact analytical inversion formula and has the form of a shift-variant filtered backprojection (FBP), so that each cone-beam projection can be completely processed as soon as it has been measured. The implementation of the algorithm for a two-orthogonal-circle orbit is discussed, and images reconstructed from simulated data are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sequential Person Recognition in Photo Albums with a Recurrent Network (2017)

Recognizing the identities of people in everyday photos is still a very challenging problem for machine vision, due to issues such as non-frontal faces, changes in clothing, location, lighting. Recent studies have shown that rich relational information between people in the same photo can help in recognizing their identities. In this work, we propose to model the relational information between people as a sequence prediction task. At the core of our work is a novel recurrent network architecture, in which relational information between instances labels and appearance are modeled jointly. In addition to relational cues, scene context is incorporated in our sequence prediction model with no additional cost. In this sense, our approach is a unified framework for modeling both contextual cues and visual appearance of person instances. Our model is trained end-to-end with a sequence of annotated instances in a photo as inputs, and a sequence of corresponding labels as targets. We demonstrate that this simple but elegant formulation achieves state-of-the-art performance on the newly released People In Photo Albums (PIPA) dataset.
Molecular Dynamic Computer Simulations of Phase Behavior of Non-Ionic Surfactants (2002)

Aggregation without aggravation: A rapid and accurate estimation of the phase structure of amphiphilic molecules is made possible with a new computer simulation technique that excellently reproduces the aggregation behavior of such compounds. For dodecyldimethylamine oxide it is demonstrated how the micellar, hexagonal (see picture for isodensity profile), and lamella surfactant mesostructures can be calculated.
Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Using Various Delivery Strategies. (1999)

Therapeutic angiogenesis is a novel technique that may provide a treatment strategy for ischemic heart diseasepatients who are not candidates for standard revascularization procedures. It works by promoting the growth of blood vessels provide new venues for blood flow. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are the most widely studied angiogenic agents. They have been shown to induce functionally significant angiogenesis in various animal models of chronic myocardial ischemia using various delivery strategies. Preclinical and clinical studies using these growth factors are reviewed with an emphasis on the different delivery strategies,including intracoronary and intravenous delivery; left atrial injections; intrapericardial administration; local intravascular and perivascular delivery; and intramyocardial delivery using single bolus delivery, repeated administration, gene therapy, and sustained delivery. Although intracoronary and intravenous delivery may be preferred for their ease of use and their applicability to a large patient population, systemic recirculation and lack of sustained tissue exposure to these therapeutic agents may limit the usefulness of this approach. Intrapericardial and intramyocardial administration, sustained local delivery, and second-generation gene therapy vectors may allow a safer and more sustained administration and may be preferable for clinical use. However, only well-designed randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trials using outcome measures tailored to myocardial angiogenesis will determine the feasibility and effectiveness of this treatment modality.
Acetate functions as an epigenetic metabolite to promote lipid synthesis under hypoxia (2016)

Besides the conventional carbon sources, acetyl-CoA has recently been shown to be generated from acetate in various types of cancers, where it promotes lipid synthesis and tumour growth. The underlying mechanism, however, remains largely unknown. We find that acetate induces a hyperacetylated state of histone H3 in hypoxic cells. Acetate predominately activates lipogenic genes ACACA and FASN expression by increasing H3K9, H3K27 and H3K56 acetylation levels at their promoter regions, thus enhancing de novo lipid synthesis, which combines with its function as the metabolic precursor for fatty acid synthesis. Acetyl-CoA synthetases (ACSS1, ACSS2) are involved in this acetate-mediated epigenetic regulation. More importantly, human hepatocellular carcinoma with high ACSS1/2 expression exhibit increased histone H3 acetylation and FASN expression. Taken together, this study demonstrates that acetate, in addition to its ability to induce fatty acid synthesis as an immediate metabolic precursor, also functions as an epigenetic metabolite to promote cancer cell survival under hypoxic stress.
Resolution Phase of Inflammation: Novel Endogenous Anti-Inflammatory and Proresolving Lipid Mediators and Pathways (2006)

Resolution of inflammation and the return of tissues to homeostasis are essential. Efforts to identify molecular events governing termination of self-limited inflammation uncovered pathways in resolving exudates that actively generate, from essential omega fatty acids, new families of local-acting mediators. These chemical mediator families, termed resolvins and protectins, are potent stereoselective agonists that control the duration and magnitude of inflammation, joining the lipoxins as signals in resolution. This review examines the mapping of these circuits and recent advances in our understanding of the biosynthesis and actions of these novel proresolving lipid mediators. Aspirin jump-starts resolution by triggering biosynthesis of specific epimers of these mediators. In addition to their origins in inflammation resolution, these compounds also display potent protective roles in neural systems, liver, lung, and eye. Given the potent actions of lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins in models of human disease, deficiencies in resolution pathways may contribute to many diseases and offer exciting new potential for therapeutic control via resolution.
The Lempel Ziv Algorithm (2003)

The Lempel Ziv Algorithm is an algorithm for lossless data compres-sion. It is not a single algorithm, but a whole family of algorithms, stem-ming from the two algorithms proposed by Jacob Ziv and Abraham Lem-pel in their landmark papers in 1977 and 1978. Lempel Ziv algorithms are widely used in compression utilities such as gzip, GIF image compression and the V.42 modem standard. Figure 1: The Lempel Ziv Algorithm Family This report shows how the two original Lempel Ziv algorithms, LZ77 and LZ78, work and also presents and compares several of the algorithms that have been derived from the original Lempel Ziv algorithms. 1
<title>Stitching interferometry and absolute surface shape metrology: similarities</title> (2001)

Stitching interferometry is a method of analysing large optical components using a standard small interferometer. This result is obtained by taking multiple overlapping images of the large component, and numerically stitching these sub-apertures together by computing a correcting Tip- Tilt-Piston correction for each sub-aperture. All real-life measurement techniques require a calibration phase. By definition, a perfect surface does not exist. Methods abound for the accurate measurement of diameters (viz., the Three Flat Test). However, we need total surface knowledge of the reference surface, because the stitched overlap areas will suffer from the slightest deformation. One must not be induced into thinking that Stitching is the cause of this error: it simply highlights the lack of absolute knowledge of the reference surface, or the lack of adequate thermal control, issues which are often sidetracked... The goal of this paper is to highlight the above-mentioned calibration problems in interferometry in general, and in stitching interferometry in particular, and show how stitching hardware and software can be conveniently used to provide the required absolute surface shape metrology. Some measurement figures will illustrate this article.
Scaling laws for diamond chemical-vapor deposition. II. Atomic hydrogen transport (1993)

Scaling relations are developed to allow estimation of the atomic hydrogen concentration at the substrate during diamond chemical-vapor deposition for both diffusion-dominated and convection-dominated reactors. In the convection-dominated case, it is shown that there exists an optimal Mach number which maximizes the H concentration delivered to the substrate. In addition, when homogeneous recombination is taken into account, there exists an optimal operating pressure. This analysis shows that a sonic flow of highly dissociated hydrogen at a pressure near atmospheric is optimal for rapid growth of high-quality diamond.
Jyotish: A novel framework for constructing predictive model of people movement from joint Wifi/Bluetooth trace (2011)

It is well known that people movement exhibits a high degree of repetition since people visit regular places and make regular contacts for their daily activities. This paper presents a novel framework named Jyotish, which constructs a predictive model by exploiting the regular pattern of people movement found in real joint Wifi/Bluetooth trace. The constructed model is able to answer three fundamental questions: (1) where the person will stay, (2) how long she will stay at the location, and (3) who she will meet. In order to construct the predictive model, Jyotish includes an efficient clustering algorithm to exploit regularity of people movement and cluster Wifi access point information in Wifi trace into locations. Then, we construct a Naive Bayesian classifier to assign these locations to records in Bluetooth trace. Next, the Bluetooth trace with assigned locations is used to construct predictive model including location predictor, stay duration predictor, and contact predictor to provide answers for three questions above. Finally, we evaluate the constructed predictors over real Wifi/Bluetooth trace collected by 50 participants in University of Illinois campus from March to August 2010. Evaluation results show that Jyotish successfully constructs a predictive model, which provides a considerably high prediction accuracy of people movement.
ADC modeling and testing (2002)

The testing of ADCs can be performed either with the aim of globally assessing the performance of the converter in response to a standard stimulus, or with the aim of setting up a model of ADC operation which may help in predicting the response to an arbitrary stimulus. The first approach can be used for rough comparisons of similar devices, while the development of effective ADC models opens the way to calibration. In this context, the paper reviews some recent results in the strictly related fields of modeling and testing.
Potential Anticancer Agents.<sup>1</sup> XVIII. Synthesis of Substituted 4,5-Trimethylenepyrimidines (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential Anticancer Agents.1 XVIII. Synthesis of Substituted 4,5-TrimethylenepyrimidinesLeonard O. Ross, Leon Goodman, and B. R. BakerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 12, 3108–3114Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01521a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01521a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of gas spring for robot arm balancing (2014)

In development of industrial robot and field mobile robot, the handling robot of relatively heavy payload uses the weight balancing mechanism to reduce power burden of driving motor. To select a gas spring as the weight balancer, the relationship equations of stroke and reaction force are derived and the real selection examples are given. And also the characteristic experimental results are given.
Data Correction Method Using Ideal Wireless LAN Model in Positioning System (2006)

Over the last few years, many positioning systems and information support systems using wireless LAN have been developed. Some systems use the received signal strength of a wireless LAN for positioning. However, the received signal strength differs depending on each terminal's wireless LAN adapter. It is important to investigate the differences among the received signal strengths for different wireless LAN adapters, because the differences among each adapter may cause an increase in location estimation errors. In this paper, we examine the differences among the received signal strengths for a number of wireless LAN adapters, and propose wireless LAN data usage using an ideal wireless LAN adapter. Using our method, we can improve the estimation accuracy of the location estimation system
Gas Solubilities in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids (2004)

The ability to predict the solubility of gases in room-temperature ionic liquids, RTILs, would be very useful in determining the most efficient RTIL to use in an industrial process. This work uses data from CO2 and C2H4 solubility measurements to show that regular solution theory can be used to model gas solubilities in RTILs at low pressures. This work further discusses how changes in pressure and temperature affect the solubility of gases in RTILs.
Structure of the N-terminal Region of Complement Factor H and Conformational Implications of Disease-linked Sequence Variations (2008)

Factor H is a regulatory glycoprotein of the complement system. We expressed the three N-terminal complement control protein modules of human factor H (FH1-3) and confirmed FH1-3 to be the minimal unit with cofactor activity for C3b proteolysis by factor I. We reconstructed FH1-3 from NMR-derived structures of FH1-2 and FH2-3 revealing an approximately 105-A-long rod-like arrangement of the modules. In structural comparisons with other C3b-engaging proteins, factor H module 3 most closely resembles factor B module 3, consistent with factor H competing with factor B for binding C3b. Factor H modules 1, 2, and 3 each has a similar backbone structure to first, second, and third modules, respectively, of functional sites in decay accelerating factor and complement receptor type 1; the equivalent intermodular tilt and twist angles are also broadly similar. Resemblance between molecular surfaces is closest for first modules but absent in the case of second modules. Substitution of buried Val-62 with Ile (a factor H single nucleotide polymorphism potentially protective for age-related macular degeneration and dense deposit disease) causes rearrangements within the module 1 core and increases thermal stability but does not disturb the interface with module 2. Replacement of partially exposed (in module 1) Arg-53 by His (an atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome-linked mutation) did not impair structural integrity at 37 degrees C, but this FH1-2 mutant was less stable at higher temperatures; furthermore, chemical shift differences indicated potential for small structural changes at the module 1-2 interface.
The gamma‐interferon assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in cattle: conditions affecting the production of gamma‐interferon in whole blood culture (1992)

The recently developed gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) assay system for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in cattle has been accredited by the Standing Committee on Agriculture for use in Australia. In this test system, whole blood is incubated with tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) antigens for 16 to 24 h. The plasma is then collected and assayed for IFN-gamma production using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The assay system has proven to be a rapid, sensitive and inexpensive method for measuring antigen specific cell-mediated reactivity when compared with the more traditional lymphocyte proliferation assay. The IFN-gamma assay is the first in-vitro cellular assay to be used as a routine diagnostic test in veterinary medicine. While the IFN-gamma EIA has been optimised, several conditions affecting the production of IFN-gamma in whole blood culture needed investigation. We determined that optimal IFN-gamma production required the use of heparinised blood, cultured with 20 micrograms/ml of PPD within 8 h of collection. The use of blood collected post mortem resulted in reduced sensitivity for the assay. The kinetics of IFN-gamma release were established as were the effects of intradermal tuberculin testing on the IFN-gamma assay.
Gelatinolytic proteinase activities in human seminal plasma (1990)

Proteinase activities in human seminal plasma were detected using gelatin-containing sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis zymography. Three prominent bands of activity of Mr 60,000, 66,000 and 90,000 were observed as well as 9 other bands of less intensity (34,000-158,000). These proteinases were dependent upon calcium for optimal activity, did not hydrolyse casein, and were predominantly in the soluble portion of seminal plasma. Examination of seminal plasma of men with different sperm concentrations, split ejaculates, and prostatic secretions indicated that the prostate gland was a source of most of these activities. Proteinase activities of Mr 34,000, 37,000, 82,000 and 120,000 were expressed more frequently in seminal plasma from normozoospermic men than from seminal plasma of oligo- or azoospermic men, indicating that they may also arise from spermatozoa in the semen sample. The proteinases of Mr 60,000 and 66,000 were found in all seminal plasmas whereas there was variation in the expression of the other molecular forms of enzyme, even in the normozoospermic samples. There are multiple forms of gelatinolytic proteinase activities in human seminal plasma which appear to arise from multiple sources in the reproductive tract including the Cowper's/urethral glands, the prostate gland, seminal vesicle and/or spermatozoa. Their function(s) in semen remains to be established.