gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characteristics of Edwardsiella ictaluri (1986)

A total of 119 isolates of Edwardsiella ictaluri collected over the last 7 years from several states were biochemically characterized. Although not very reactive biochemically, this bacterium shows a high degree of homogeneity. Differences were found only in the production of gas from formate or from glucose at 37 degrees C and in the production of hydrogen sulfide as detected by lead acetate paper. Analysis of E. ictaluri by year of geographic area indicated that some differences existed, but no clear-cut biotypic variations were found. All isolates studied were capable of degrading chondroitin sulfate, a major component of cartilage, which may be an important virulence factor in the formation of the hole-in-the-head lesion characteristic of infected fish.
A concurrent decoding scheme for multiple motion videos (2002)

The authors describe an original concurrent decoding scheme for multiple motion videos for use in B-ISDN (broadband integrated services digital network) telecommunication services. Because decoding activity varies with significant block rates (SBRs), sharing of the decoding facility would reduce its size. SBRs of several motion videos are measured to investigate this possibility. Decoding facility reduction is estimated, based on these results. An alternative decoding scheme which prevents decoder congestion by using the transform domain integration method is proposed, and its performance is studied by simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Binding of type 1-piliated Escherichia coli to vaginal mucus (1995)

To better understand the interactions involved in bacterial adherence and the role of mucus in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections, we developed a system to study the binding of a recombinant Escherichia coli strain, HB101/pWRS1-17, expressing type 1 pili, to vaginal mucus collected from 28 women. Bacteria bound to differing extents to all specimens examined, and preincubation of bacteria with mannose inhibited binding by 50 to 89%. Additionally, all mucus samples showed reactivity with anti-mannose antibody, and the levels of reactivity correlated with the levels of bacterial binding, suggesting that the mannose-terminal saccharides present on these glycoproteins are the receptors for the binding of type 1-piliated bacteria. Mucus specimens collected over periods of 5 days and 12 weeks exhibited significant variation in bacterial binding, indicating temporal differences in the ability of vaginal mucus to act as a receptor for type 1-piliated E. coli. The results show that vaginal mucus can bind bacteria and may thus influence the initial attachment and subsequent colonization of the vaginal and urinary tract epithelium by E. coli.
Suppression of Band Edge Migration at the p-GaInP<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O Interface under Illumination via Catalysis (2000)

The band edges of p-GaInP2 are observed to migrate toward negative potentials during current flow under illumination in solutions with pH ranging from 1 to 14.5. The migration is not caused by a change in the pH of the semiconductor microenvironment but is a result of accumulation of photogenerated electrons at the p-GaInP2/water interface due to poor interfacial kinetics. This less than optimal interfacial charge-transfer rate can be catalyzed by treating the surface with transition-metal ions (e.g., RuIII, RhIII, CoIII, OsIII) which results in a suppression of band edge migration. As compared to an unmodified p-GaInP2 surface, the metal-ion treatment does not induce any appreciable band edge shift in the dark but effectively suppresses the band edge migration under illumination. RuIII and RhIII are found to act as better hydrogen-evolution catalysts than electrodeposited Pt.
User Models for Email Activity Management (2008)

A single user activity, such as planning a conference trip, typically involves multiple actions. Although these actions may involve several applications, the central point of coordination for any particular activity is usually email. Previous work on email activity management has focused on clustering emails by activity. Dredze et al. [3] accomplished this by combining supervised classifiers based on document similarity, authors and recipients, and thread information. In this paper, we take a different approach and present an unsupervised framework for email activity clustering. We use the same information sources as Dredze et al.ânamely, document similarity, message recipients and authors, and thread informationâbut combine them to form an unsupervised, non-parametric Bayesian user model. This approach enables email activities to be inferred without any user input. Inferring activities from a userâs mailbox adapts the model to that user. We next describe the statistical machinery that forms the basis of our user model, and explain how several email properties may be incorporated into the model. We evaluate this approach using the same data as Dredze et al., showing that our model does well at clustering emails by activity.
ECONOMICS OF CODESHARING (1999)

SUBTITLE: WITH THE CONTINUING ROUND OF CHANGES TO THE STRUCTURE OF THE VARIOUS AIRLINE ALLIANCES, ALAN LEE EXAMINES THE VARIOUS TYPES OF CODESHARING AGREEMENTS, THEIR ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND THE EFFECTS ON CONSUMERS.
Anti-angiogenic effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in human skin. (2010)

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the main polyphenol component of green tea. This compound exhibits antioxidant, immunomodulatory, photoprotective, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. We conducted a small randomized, double blind, split face trial using a cream containing 2.5% w/w of EGCG. Four healthy volunteers with significant erythema and telangiectasia on the face applied EGCG cream to one side of the face, and vehicle control cream to the other, twice daily for six weeks. After six weeks, biopsies were taken from EGCG and vehicle treated sites. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure VEGF and HIF-1 α. HIF-1 α expression was decreased in EGCG treated sites, such that 28.4% of the epidermis showed positive staining in vehicle treated vs. 13.8% in EGCG treated sites (p<0.001). A similar decrease in VEGF expression was found (6.7% in EGCG vs. 11.0%in in vehicle-treated skin (p<0.005). EGCG topical treatments influence HIF-1 α induction and VEGF expression and may serve as a potential agent in the prevention of telangiectasias.
A decade of e-government research in Africa : Section I : Themes and approaches to inform e-strategies (2012)

The state of research on e-government evolution in Africa is ripe for analysis. The article analyses e-government research and scholarly publishing through an assessment of the key features of the research and the community spearheading its emergence. This exploratory study seeks to map the terrain of e-government research in Africa at the end of the first decade of the 21st century. For this purpose, 50 articles were identified using the Scopus citation database, and were subjected to content analysis. This work is intended to encourage continental e-government researchers to further explore and analyse the e-government phenomenon from varying starting points, perspectives, disciplinary orientations and research traditions, and to pave the way for a greater understanding of the dynamics, nature and key features of e-government on the continent.
The synthesis and biological evaluation of mycobacterial p-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (p-HBADs) (2013)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis establishes chronic infection and causes disease through manipulation of the host's innate and adaptive immune response. The bacterial cell wall is highly complex and contains a rich variety of glycosylated compounds that are secreted during infection and have been proposed as immunomodulatory molecules. Amongst the most important of these are the p-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (p-HBADs). Here we report the synthesis of this important class of biomolecules and the first in vitro study of the immunomodulatory effects of these compounds in isolation from the host bacterium. The compounds do not have stimulatory properties but, in contrast, can inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines, particularly interferon-γ (IFN-γ), by T-cells. This study offers a fundamental insight into the effect of these glycans on the immune response.
Interleukin 17, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk in patients with psoriasis (2018)

In addition to being recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease that manifests in the skin, psoriasis is increasingly understood to be a systemic disease that causes immune dysregulation throughout the body. The systemic nature of psoriasis is evidenced by the higher burden of comorbidities and shorter life expectancies of patients with psoriasis, particularly those with early-onset and severe disease. Notably, psoriasis is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, which is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with psoriasis. In this review, we examine the association between psoriasis and cardiovascular disease and specifically focus on the role of interleukin 17-mediated inflammation as a potential mechanistic link between psoriasis and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, we describe potential treatment approaches to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in patients with psoriasis and discuss the clinical importance of the association of these 2 diseases with respect to patient management and education.
Importance Weighted Adversarial Nets for Partial Domain Adaptation (2018)

This paper proposes an importance weighted adversarial nets-based method for unsupervised domain adaptation, specific for partial domain adaptation where the target domain has less number of classes compared to the source domain. Previous domain adaptation methods generally assume the identical label spaces, such that reducing the distribution divergence leads to feasible knowledge transfer. However, such an assumption is no longer valid in a more realistic scenario that requires adaptation from a larger and more diverse source domain to a smaller target domain with less number of classes. This paper extends the adversarial nets-based domain adaptation and proposes a novel adversarial nets-based partial domain adaptation method to identify the source samples that are potentially from the outlier classes and, at the same time, reduce the shift of shared classes between domains.
Meta-Learning for Semi-Supervised Few-Shot Classification (2018)

In few-shot classification, we are interested in learning algorithms that train a classifier from only a handful of labeled examples. Recent progress in few-shot classification has featured meta-learning, in which a parameterized model for a learning algorithm is defined and trained on episodes representing different classification problems, each with a small labeled training set and its corresponding test set. In this work, we advance this few-shot classification paradigm towards a scenario where unlabeled examples are also available within each episode. We consider two situations: one where all unlabeled examples are assumed to belong to the same set of classes as the labeled examples of the episode, as well as the more challenging situation where examples from other distractor classes are also provided. To address this paradigm, we propose novel extensions of Prototypical Networks (Snell et al., 2017) that are augmented with the ability to use unlabeled examples when producing prototypes. These models are trained in an end-to-end way on episodes, to learn to leverage the unlabeled examples successfully. We evaluate these methods on versions of the Omniglot and miniImageNet benchmarks, adapted to this new framework augmented with unlabeled examples. We also propose a new split of ImageNet, consisting of a large set of classes, with a hierarchical structure. Our experiments confirm that our Prototypical Networks can learn to improve their predictions due to unlabeled examples, much like a semi-supervised algorithm would.
The Design of Functional DNA-Binding Proteins Based on Zinc Finger Domains (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Design of Functional DNA-Binding Proteins Based on Zinc Finger DomainsDerek Jantz, Barbara T. Amann, Gregory J. Gatto, and Jeremy M. BergView Author Information Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 2, 789–800Publication Date (Web):December 9, 2003Publication History Received11 June 2003Published online9 December 2003Published inissue 1 February 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020603ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020603oresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2099Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Genetics,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Zinc Get e-Alerts
Proprioception in Extraocular Muscles (2006)

Human extraocular muscles are richly endowed with sensory receptors. The precise role of afferent signals derived from these proprioceptors in ocular motor control and spatial localization has been the subject of considerable debate for more than a century. Laboratory-based and clinical studies have increasingly suggested that proprioceptive signals from extraocular muscles influence visuomotor behavior.
Construction and Characterization of an in-vivo Linear Covalently Closed DNA Vector Production System (2012)

We offer a high efficiency mini DNA vector production system that confers simple, rapid and scalable in vivo production of mini lcc DNA vectors that possess all the benefits of "minicircle" DNA vectors and virtually eliminate the potential for undesirable vector integration events.
Intelligent, low-power and low-cost measurement system for energy consumption (2003)

In the area of utility measurement systems, there is increasing awareness to the importance of using intelligent and secure meter readers. The aim is not simply that reducing operational costs; aspects such as availability of real-time determination of consumption (mainly in the case of energy meters, but potentially also for water consumption, etc.) are relevant not only for actions such as real-time billing but also in view of an increasing environmental awareness leading to "preferential" billing in particular times of the day or of the week and requiring availability of fine-grained statistics. All these actions in turn involve the requirement of data integrity; when utilities other than power providers are considered, the device should be battery-powered (and very long battery life must be granted), so that low-power design becomes a further requirement while being permanently either in active or in standby mode; moreover, not being connected to the power network means that wireless connections for transmitting and receiving information must be taken into account. Finally, these deices should be made available to the general public and thus be low-cost ones. This paper describes how all the above constraints have been analyzed in the design of a wireless meter reading system.
Assessment of cytogenetic and cytotoxic effects of chlorhexidine digluconate on cultured human lymphocytes (2013)

This study showed dose-dependent genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of CHX on human lymphocytes in vitro. It should be considered during periodontal irrigation or novel CHX products at lower concentrations should be manufactured for clinical usage.
Cumulants and partition lattices II: generalised <i>k</i>-statistics (1986)

Abstract The role played by the Möbius function of the lattice of all partitions of a set in the theory of k -statistics and their generalisations is pointer out and the main results conscerning these statistics are drived. The definitions and formulae for the expansion of products of generalished k -statistics are presented from this viewpoint and applied to arrays of random variables whos moments satisfy stitable symmentry constraints. Applications of the theory are given including the calculation of (joint) cumulants of k -statistics, the minimum variace estimation of (generalised) moments and the asymptotic behaviour of generalised k -statistics viewed as (reversed) martingales.
Development of a High Voltage, 150 ps Pulse Generator for Biological Applications (2008)

The use of prolate-spheroidal reflectors as part of a picosecond impulse radiating antenna (IRA) allows us to generate near-field electric fields with high spatial resolution in dielectric and even slightly conductive matter such as biological tissue. In order to achieve spatial resolution on the order of one centimeter, pulses with durations on the order of 100 ps are required. We have developed a pulse generator which provides 150 ps FWHM pulses with an amplitude up to 60 kV into a 50 Omega load with a variation in amplitude of 7%. The pulse generator consists of a four stage Marx bank with a peaking switch and tailcut switch. The rise time of the output pulse from the Marx generator is reduced to 100 ps by means of the adjustable peaking switch. The adjustable tailcut switch, between the inner and outer conductor of the cable, is placed at a distance of 6 cm from the 50 Omega load resistor. This tail-cut switch determines the duration and amplitude of the pulse. The voltage across the load is measured by a capacitive divider probe, placed between the load resistor and the tail-cut switch. By adjusting the input voltage and the gap of the tail-cut switch, it was possible to adjust the pulse width and amplitude. The shortest pulse width recorded was 135 ps at 50 kV. The largest pulse amplitude was recorded at 120 kV with a 185 ps pulse duration.
Malabsorption syndrome in broilers (2006)

Malabsorption syndrome (MAS) is a multifactorial disease that causes intestinal disorders in broilers due to infection of the gastrointestinal tract with different infectious agents. The exact aetiology is unknown, although several viruses are isolated from MAS affected chickens. None of these isolated infectious agents alone inducted the malabsorption syndrome. MAS in broilers is characterised by poor growth and lesions in the GI-tract, mainly in the small intestine. Experimentally, MAS can be induced in one-day old broilers by oral inoculation of homogenates obtained from digestive tract tissues of MAS affected broilers. Susceptibility to the MAS syndrome differs between broiler lines. The susceptibility to MAS is correlated with the severity of the lesions, apoptosis and heterophil infiltration of the jejunum. Susceptibility to MAS is also related to the frequency of CD4 and CD8 positive T-cells in the intestinal villus and the mRNA expression level of different cytokines in control and in MAS induced broilers. With the use of micro-arrays differences in gene expression levels between broiler lines that differ in MAS susceptibility were observed. From these experiments genes that are immune and food absorption related were identified. If some of these genes or the T-cell population in the gut and the other MAS susceptible related parameters could predict or prevent MAS susceptibility in broilers needs to be further investigated but can be interestingly for breeding programmes.
Activin-mediated mesoderm induction requires FGF (1994)

The early patterning of mesoderm in the Xenopus embryo requires signals from several intercellular factors, including mesoderm-inducing agents that belong to the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and TGF-beta families. In animal hemisphere explants (animal caps), basic FGF and the TGF-beta family member activin are capable of converting pre-ectodermal cells to a mesodermal fate, although activin is much more effective at inducing dorsal and anterior mesoderm than is basic FGF. Using a dominant-negative form of the Xenopus type 1 FGF receptor, we show that an FGF signal is required for the full induction of mesoderm by activin. Animal caps isolated from embryos that have been injected with the truncated FGF receptor and cultured with activin do not extend and the induction of some genes, including cardiac actin and Xbra, is greatly diminished, while the induction of other genes, including the head organizer-specific genes gsc and Xlim-1, is less sensitive. These results are consistent with the phenotype of the truncated FGF receptor-injected embryo and imply that the activin induction of mesoderm depends on FGF, with some genes requiring a higher level of FGF signaling than others.
Soft Switching Technique for Impulsive Noise Removal in Color Images (2013)

In this paper a novel, fast soft switching filtering technique intended for impulsive noise removal in color images is presented. The impulsive noise detection algorithm is based on the concept of trimmed cumulated distances, which are assigned to the central pixel of a sliding filtering window. The trimmed sum of distances serves as an indicator of the strength of impulses injected to the image by the impulsive noise process and the restored pixel is obtained as a weighted mean of the processed pixel and the sharpening vector median filter output. Extensive experiments, performed on a set of color test images, proved that the proposed filter is superior to the state-of-the-art impulsive noise reduction algorithms. The new noise filtering design, due to its simple structure and very low computational complexity, can be applied in various applications in which the detail preserving impulsive noise reduction is required.
Automated quantification of brain magnetic resonance image hyperintensities using hybrid clustering and knowledge-based methods (1999)

Previous computerized methods of hyperintensity identification in brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) either rely heavily on human intervention or on simple thresholding techniques. Such methods can lead to considerable variation in the quantification of brain hyperintensities depending upon image parameters such as contrast. This paper describes an automated, knowledge-guided method of hyperintensity detection in brain MRI that addresses problems associated with human subjectivity and thresholding techniques. This method, which we call knowledge-guided hyperintensity detection (KGHID), uses encoded knowledge of brain anatomy and MRI characteristics of individual tissues to reclassify pixels from an initial unsupervised segmentation. With this encoded knowledge, KGHID discriminates lesions embedded within the white matter, hyperintense lesions of the basal ganglia and the periventricular ring. The method is designed for high sensitivity detection and monitoring of subtle lesions in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 10, 287–293, 1999