gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Models of Wild-Type and Mutated Forms of Cytochrome P450 14α-Sterol Demethylases from <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> Provide Insights into Posaconazole Binding (2004)

The cytochrome P450 sterol 14alpha-demethylase enzyme (CYP51) is the target of azole antifungals. Azoles block ergosterol synthesis, and thereby fungal growth, by binding in the active-site cavity of the enzyme and ligating the iron atom of the heme cofactor through a nitrogen atom of the azole. Mutations in and around the CYP51 active site have resulted in azole resistance. In this work, homology models of the CYP51 enzymes from Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans were constructed based on the X-ray crystal structure of CYP51 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Using these models, binding modes for voriconazole (VOR), fluconazole (FLZ), itraconazole (ITZ), and posaconazole (POS) were predicted from docking calculations. Previous work had demonstrated that mutations in the vicinity of the heme cofactor had a greater impact on the binding of FLZ and VOR than on the binding of POS and ITZ. Our modeling data suggest that the long side chains of POS and ITZ occupy a specific channel within CYP51 and that this additional interaction, which is not available to VOR and FLZ, serves to stabilize the binding of these azoles to the mutated CYP51 proteins. The model also predicts that mutations that were previously shown to specifically impact POS susceptibility in A. fumigatus and C. albicans act by interfering with the binding of the long side chain.
Test strategies for power supplies (2002)

Functional and diagnostic testing of switching power supplies offers unique challenges. The control loop and the prevalence of destructive and avalanche failure modes make it difficult to analyze and diagnose many failures. Traditional approaches to resting were applied to power supplies and proved inadequate. This paper illustrates, through examples, some of the problems encountered and their solutions. This paper will also discuss the process through which a depot level power supply tester, the Advanced Power Supply Tester (APST), was defined. The tester features a software environment and Graphical User Interface (GUT) provided by LabWindows CVI and FineSoft, hardware consisting of an assembly of laboratory quality instrumentation, and diagnostic tools.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immunity in swine inoculated with larvae or extracts of a pig isolate and a sylvatic isolate of Trichinella spiralis (1991)

Inoculation of swine with a sylvatic isolate of Trichinella spiralis, designated T s nativa, resulted in low numbers of muscle larvae, compared with muscle larvae accumulation in swine inoculated with a pig type of T s spiralis. Despite low infectivity of T s nativa for swine, primary inoculation resulted in high levels of immunity against challenge infection with T s spiralis. This immunity was expressed in accelerated expulsion of challenge adults from the intestine and reduced numbers of muscle larvae. Pigs inoculated with T s nativa developed cellular and humoral responses similar to those in pigs inoculated with T s spiralis. However, in immunoblots, sera from pigs inoculated with T s nativa recognized additional proteins in muscle larvae excretory-secretory (ES) products, compared with sera from pigs inoculated with T s spiralis. Active immunization of pigs with ES products from T s nativa resulted in numerically higher, but not significantly different levels of immunity, compared with pigs immunized with ES from T s spiralis. The highest levels of immunity were obtained in pigs immunized with a T s spiralis newborn larval extract. The combination of ES products and newborn larval extract did not result in additive levels of immunity. These results indicate that the major immune effector response to Trichinella sp in pigs is against the newborn larvae, regardless of the genetic type of Trichinella sp.
Clinical Efficacy of Lenalidomide in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Results of a Phase II Study (2006)

Lenalidomide is clinically active in patients with relapsed or refractory B-CLL. These findings are encouraging and warrant further investigation of this agent in the treatment of this disorder.
Pseudospin Approach to Linear Antiferromagnetic Chains (1966)

The generalized linear antiferromagnetic chain with two spins per unit cell $J>0$, and $a, b, d, e>~0$, ${\mathcal{H}}_{G}=\ensuremath{\Sigma}\stackrel{\frac{N}{2}}{j=1}J{a{{S}_{2j}}^{z}{{S}_{2j+1}}^{z}+b({{S}_{2j}}^{x}{{S}_{2j+1}}^{x}+{{S}_{2j}}^{y}{{S}_{2j+1}}^{y})+d{{S}_{2j}}^{z}{{S}_{2j\ensuremath{-}1}}^{z}+e({{S}_{2j}}^{x}{{S}_{2j\ensuremath{-}1}}^{x}+{{S}_{2j}}^{y}{{S}_{2j\ensuremath{-}1}}^{y})},$ is solved in the pseudospin approximation. The pseudospin method is compared with the exactly soluble special case of the Heisenberg-Ising antiferromagnet ($a=b=1+\ensuremath{\delta}$, $d=1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}$, $e=0$) and good agreement is obtained even for a sensitive property like the long-range order. It is suggested that the pseudospin approach provides a single, systematic approximation scheme, not only for describing the magnetic properties of a class of solid free radicals, but also as a check for widely used many-body techniques.
Interactions between elevated CO2 concentration, nitrogen and water: effects on growth and water use of six perennial plant species (1998)

Two experiments are described in which plants of six species were grown for one full season in greenhouse compartments with 350 or 560 μmol mol–1 CO2. In the first experiment two levels of nitrogen supply were applied to study the interaction between CO2 and nitrogen. In the second experiment two levels of water supply were added to the experimental set-up to investigate the three-way interaction between CO2, nitrogen and water. Biomass and biomass distribution were determined at harvests, while water use and soil moisture were monitored throughout the experiments. In both experiments a positive effect of CO2 on growth was found at high nitrogen concentrations but not at low nitrogen concentrations. However, plants used much less water in the presence of low nitrogen concentrations. Drought stress increased the relative effect of elevated CO2 on growth. Available soil moisture was used more slowly at high CO2 during drought or at high nitrogen concentrations, while at low nitrogen concentrations decreased water use resulted in an increase in soil moisture. The response to the treatments was similar in all the species used. Although potentially faster growing species appeared to respond better to high CO2 when supplied with a high level of nitrogen, inherently slow-growing species were more successful at low nitrogen concentrations.
Molecular scanning of the human PPARα gene: association of the L162V mutation with hyperapobetalipoproteinemia (2000)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a member of the steroid hormone receptor super family involved in the control of cellular lipid utilization. This makes PPARalpha a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic variation in the human PPARalpha gene can influence the risk of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia among French Canadians. We therefore first determined the genomic structure of human PPARalpha, and then designed intronic primers to sequence the coding region and the exon-intron boundaries of the gene in 12 patients with type 2 diabetes and in 2 nondiabetic subjects. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of a L162V missense mutation in exon 5 of one diabetic patient. Leucine 162 is contained within the DNA binding domain of the human PPARalpha gene, and is conserved among humans, mice, rats, and guinea pigs. We subsequently screened a sample of 121 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and their age and sex-matched nondiabetic controls, recruited from the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region of Northeastern Quebec, for the presence of the L162V mutation by a PCR-RFLP based method. There was no difference in L162 homozygote or V162 carrier frequencies between diabetics and nondiabetics. However, whether diabetic or not, carriers of the V162 allele had higher plasma apolipoprotein B levels compared to noncarriers (P 5 0.05). To further this association, we screened another sample of 193 nondiabetic subjects recruited in the greater Quebec City area. Carriers of the V162 allele compared with homozygotes of the L162 allele had significantly higher concentrations of plasma total and LDL-apolipoprotein B as well as LDL cholesterol (P </= 0.02). These results suggest an association between the PPARalpha V162 allele and the atherogenic/hyperapolipoprotein B dyslipidemia.
Dual-band pixelless upconversion imaging devices (2007)

We have proposed a type of mid-infrared (MIR) and far-infrared (FIR) dual-band imaging device, which employs the photon frequency upconversion concept in a GaN/AlGaN MIR and FIR dual-band detector integrated with a GaN/AlGaN violet light emitting diode. On the basis of the photoresponse of single-period GaN/AlGaN dual-band detectors, we present the detailed optimization of multiperiod GaN emitter/AlGaN barrier detectors and their applications to dual-band pixelless upconversion imaging. Satisfying images have been received through the analysis of the modulation transfer function and the upconversion efficiency in the GaN/AlGaN dual-band pixelless upconverters, which exhibit good image resolution, high quantum efficiency, and negligible cross talk.
Teleoperation based on the adjoint Jacobian approach (1997)

In this article we introduce a method for telecontrol of nonredundant slave arms based on the adjoint Jacobian approach. Cartesian velocity command inputs are used to teleoperate the slave arm smoothly within the whole workspace, including the vicinity of singularities. Moreover, teleoperation at a codimension one singularity is also possible, yielding specific motion patterns. Those include the motion through the singularity, resulting in a reconfigured kinematic chain. The method presented here is, in fact, an alternative to the singularity-consistent null space based approach developed earlier. We discuss some implementation details and provide simulation and experimental data derived during teleoperation of a virtual planar 2R arm and the wrist of a real robot.
Adsorption Equilibria of Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, and Fructooligosaccharides on Cation Exchange Resins (2007)

The adsorption equilibria relevant to the production of fructooligosaccharides were measured on Dowex Monosphere 99CA/320, Amberlite CR1320Ca, Lewatit S 2568, and Diaion UBK 530. The single-component isotherms of glucose, fructose, and sucrose and multicomponent isotherms of fructooligosaccharides (kestose, nystose, and fructofuranosylnystose) were obtained at a temperature of 60 °C and saccharide concentrations up to about 450 g·L-1. All but sucrose equilibrium data were described with a linear isotherm. The adsorption data of sucrose were successfully fitted using a concave isotherm. The capacities and selectivities of the adsorbents were compared. They showed that their separation effect was based on the size exclusion mechanism accompanied by complexation, which depended significantly on the resin's ionic form.
Anticholesterolic Effects of Unsaponifiable Fractions of Vegetable Oils in Chicks (1970)

THE importance of more information on the relative anticholesterolic effectiveness of different plant sterols and unsaponifiable fractions (USF) of various vegetable oils was noted in the first part of this study (Bartov et al., 1970). The purpose of the present study was to test and compare the anticholesterolic activity of USF isolated from various by-products of the edible oil refining industry. These by-products are rich in sterols and some of them are utilized to-day in practical poultry nutrition (Bornstein and Lipstein, 1963; Lipstein and Bornstein, 1964). MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical methods. The isolation of the USF from various oil by-products (except for soybean “lecithin”) was carried out by conventional saponification with alcoholic potassium hydroxide (in the presence of pyrogallol) followed by extraction with diethyl-ether. Soybean “lecithin” contains a relatively high percentage of steryl glucosides which are insoluble in most organic solvents. The glucoside was prepared by a modification of the…
Identification of an immunodominant T cell epitope on cholera toxin (1996)

Cholera toxin (CT), the enterotoxin of Vibrio cholerae, is a potent mucosal immunogen as well as a strong mucosal adjuvant to related and unrelated antigens. The mucosal immune response to CT is T cell dependent and MHC class II restricted. The epitopes on CT recognized by T cells have not been identified. The purpose of this study was to determine the fine specificity of T cell recognition of both the CT A subunit (CT-A) and the CT B subunit (CT-B) by using a range of synthetic peptides. After immunization with CT-B or CT-A in CFA subcutaneously, the peripheral lymph node T cells were stimulated with different synthetic peptides in vitro. The peptide specificity of T cell recognition was identified by assaying T cell proliferation and interleukin-3 production. T cells from C57BL/6 (H-2b) high responder mice recognized one immunodominant epitope (peptide 89-100) and one weak epitope (peptide 31-50) on CT-B and two epitopes (peptide 21-39 and 180-194) on CT-A. The immunization of C57BL/6 mice with synthetic immunodominant CT-B peptide 89-100 induced T cell immunity to the pentameric CT-B. Induction of tolerance to CTB peptide 89-100 by i.v. injection in high responder C57BL/6 mice induced unresponsiveness to mucosal immunization with CT, compatible with an immunodominant role for this T cell epitope.
Steam Catalysis in Calcinations of Dolomite and Limestone Fines (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteam Catalysis in Calcinations of Dolomite and Limestone FinesW. H. Maclntire and T. B. StanselCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 7, 1548–1555Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50523a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50523a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Transmural myocardial deformation in the canine left ventricle. Normal in vivo three-dimensional finite strains. (1985)

To examine transmural finite deformation in the wall of the canine left ventricle, closely spaced columns of lead beads were implanted at a single site on the left ventricular free wall. The three-dimensional coordinates of these myocardial markers were obtained with high-speed biplane cineradiography. Any four noncoplanar markers forming small tetrahedral volumes (less than or equal to 0.1 cc) were used to calculate finite normal and shear strains with respect to a cardiac coordinate system at end diastole. Due to the symmetry of the finite strain tensor, the algebraic eigenvalue problem could be solved to compute principal strains and the directions of the principal axes of deformation with respect to the reference coordinates. An examination of the principal strains in a number of tetrahedra in five animals indicates that deformation increases with depth beneath the epicardium. For example, the transmural variation of principal shortening strain averages -0.014 +/- 0.009 per 10% increment in thickness from epicardium to endocardium. Furthermore, shortening and thickening strains at midwall and deeper are too large (0.10 to 0.40) to be described accurately by infinitesimal theory. These strains are often accompanied by substantial in-plane and transverse shears which are not predicted by typical membrane or shell theories, indicating that these theories must be applied with caution when computing indices of regional ventricular performance. The directions of the principal axes of shortening vary substantially less than the fiber direction varies across the wall (20 degrees - 40 degrees compared with 100 degrees - 140 degrees for fiber direction), supporting the concept that there are substantial interactions between neighboring fibers in the left ventricular wall.
Changes in Spectral Properties, Chlorophyll Content and Internal Mesophyll Structure of Senescing Populus balsamifera and Populus tremuloides Leaves (2008)

In this paper we compare leaf traits and spectral reflectance for sunlit andshaded leaves of Populus tremuloides and Populus balsamifera during autumnsenescence using information derived from an Analytical Spectral Devise (ASD) FullRange spectrometer. The modified simple ratio (mSR<sub>705</sub>) and modified normalizeddifference index (mND<sub>705</sub>) were effective in describing changes in chlorophyll contentover this period. Highly significant (P less than 0.01) correlation coefficients were found betweenthe chlorophyll indices (mSR<sub>705</sub>, mND<sub>705</sub>)) and chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll andchlorophyll a/b. Changes in mesophyll structure were better described by the plantsenescence reflectance index (PSRI) than by near-infrared wavebands. Overall, P.balsamifera exhibited lower total chlorophyll and earlier senescence than P. tremuloides.Leaves of P. balsamifera were also thicker, had a higher proportion of intercellular spacein the spongy mesophyll, and higher reflectance at 800 nm. Further research, using largersample sizes over a broader range of sites will extend our understanding of the spectraland temporal dynamics of senescence in P. tremuloides and P. balsamifera and will beparticularly useful if species differences are detectable at the crown level using remotelysensed imagery.
A model-based approach to qualified process automation for anomaly detection and treatment (2016)

Modern machineries are becoming complex cyber-physical systems with increasingly intelligent support for process automation. For the dependability and performance, a combination of measures for fault avoidance, robust architecture, and runtime anomaly handling is necessary. These in turn call for a formalization of knowledge across different system lifecycle stages and a provision of novel methods and tools for qualified system synthesis and effective risk management. This paper presents a model-based approach to qualified process automation for the operation and maintenance of production systems. The contribution is centered on the formalizations of a wide range of system concerns, and thereby a consolidation of the rationale behind the design of run-time process logic in BPMN2.0. In particular, the approach allows an integration of formal system descriptions, FTA and FEMA based anomaly analysis, and executable process models for effective anomaly detection and treatment. The approach adopts mature modeling methods and tools through EAST-ADL. In this paper, a prototype tool-chain with MetaEdit+ Domain-Specific Modeling (DSM) Workbench, HiP-HOPS Tool and Camunda BPM Platform is also presented.
Power driven placement with layout aware supply voltage assignment for voltage island generation in Dual-Vdd designs (2006)

In this paper we propose a method for standard cell placement with support for dual supply voltages, aiming to reduce total power under timing constraints and to implement voltage islands with minimal overheads. The method begins with timing and power driven coarse placement, followed by a few iterations between voltage assignment and placement refinement to generate voltage islands. Several techniques, including timing and power driven net weighting, seed growth based voltage assignment, and soft clustering strategy for placement refinements are employed in our implementation. Experimental results on a set of MCNC benchmarks show that our approach is able to produce feasible placement for dual-Vdd designs and significantly reduce total power with a wirelength increase within 14% compared to a power and timing driven placer without voltage islands.
Runx3 and Runx1 are required for CD8 T cell development during thymopoiesis (2003)

The RUNX transcription factors are important regulators of lineage-specific gene expression. RUNX are bifunctional, acting both as activators and repressors of tissue-specific target genes. Recently, we have demonstrated that Runx3 is a neurogenic transcription factor, which regulates development and survival of proprioceptive neurons in dorsal root ganglia. Here we report that Runx3 and Runx1 are highly expressed in thymic medulla and cortex, respectively, and function in development of CD8 T cells during thymopoiesis. Runx3-deficient (Runx3 KO) mice display abnormalities in CD4 expression during lineage decisions and impairment of CD8 T cell maturation in the thymus. A large proportion of Runx3 KO peripheral CD8 T cells also expressed CD4, and in contrast to wild-type, their proliferation ability was largely reduced. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxic activity of alloimmunized peritoneal exudate lymphocytes was significantly lower in Runx3 KO compared with WT mice. In a compound mutant mouse, null for Runx3 and heterozygous for Runx1 (Runx3-/-;Runx1+/-), all peripheral CD8 T cells also expressed CD4, resulting in a complete lack of single-positive CD8+ T cells in the spleen. The results provide information on the role of Runx3 and Runx1 in thymopoiesis and suggest that both act as transcriptional repressors of CD4 expression during T cell lineage decisions.
Hospitals face tough issues in years following mergers. (1991)

Despite fears in recent years that the federal government and courts would make hospital mergers impossible, mergers are continuing to take place at a regular pace. But what happens in the aftermath of a hospital merger--both to the hospitals involved and to their communities? Four case studies explore the difficult issues that hospitals face. In addition, we take a look at the Roanoke and Rockford cases, and what the hospitals involved are doing today.
Color Correction in Optical Systems and Types of Glass* (1949)

The authors suggest that the optical qualities of a transparent material are given with the help of three graphs, one a plot of the reciprocal dispersion 1/(nF−nC) against the ν-value, the other two giving two data ρA and ρh signifying the deviation of the dispersion of the glass toward the red and violet ends of the spectrum from the regular standard. A universal dispersion formula is given which permits one (a) to calculate the refractive index for any given wave-length if the above data are given; and (b) to compute the above data if the refractive index is given for four or more values.The dispersion formula is linear with respect to the given data.The graphs so designed permit one to estimate immediately the powers of a doublet corrected for two wave-lengths and the amount of the secondary spectrum in the red and violet ends for any two given glasses.Testing these formulas for different types of glass and other optically important materials (fluorite, quartz, lithium fluoride, salt, etc.) shows an agreement with the measurements throughout the spectrum which is sufficient for optical calculation (±2×10−5).