gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Future of Cryptocurrency Blockchains in the Quantum Era (2021)

Cryptocurrency are decentralized digital money systems built on blockchain technology. The transactions are secured in these system using digital signatures based on public-key cryptography. Public-key cryptographic algorithms used for digital signatures, such as ECDSA, are vulnerable to quantum attacks. With over 2 trillion dollars market capitalization, the cryptocurrency industry will be at high risk in the Quantum Era. This paper evaluates the security of today's cryptocurrency blockchains under quantum attacks. It also reviews some of the proposed solutions to protect blockchains in the Quantum Era. Moreover, it presents a number of post-quantum digital signature schemes used to build quantum-safe blockchains. The result of this study shows that only a small portion of cryptocurrency can resist quantum attacks, while most of the cryptocurrencies used today are vulnerable to quantum attacks, with more than 99.8% of the total cryptocurrency market cap remains at risk. Useful recommendations are provided as a result of this study.
Acetic Acid Iontophoresis for Calcium Deposits (1977)

Journal Article Acetic Acid Iontophoresis for Calcium Deposits Get access Joseph Kahn, MS Joseph Kahn, MS 1Mr. Kahn is Chief of the Physical Therapy Department, East Nassau Medical Group, 350 S Broadway, Hicksville, NY 11801, and Assistant Professor, Clinical Sciences (Electrotherapy), Physical Therapy Division, School of Allied Health Professions, Health Sciences Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Physical Therapy, Volume 57, Issue 6, June 1977, Pages 658–659, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/57.6.658 Published: 01 June 1977
Synthesis and Crystal Growth of A<sup>III</sup>B<sup>V</sup>Semiconducting Compounds Under High Pressure of Nitrogen (1991)

Nitrogen under high pressure due to its elevated thermodynamic potential can be used for the synthesis of semiconducting compounds. High temperature growth of III-group metal nitrides from metallic solution is discussed and illustrated by the results of crystal growth of GaN. The growth of III-V crystals from the melts under high N2 pressure leads to high concentration of substitutional nitrogen. The results of crystal growth experiments are used in the analysis of mixing properties in III-V-N pseudobinary systems.
Reinforcing Liner For Composite Cryogenic Tank (1990)

Proposed fiber-reinforced liner for graphite/epoxy fuel tank prevents metal-foil leakage barrier from detaching at low temperatures. Consists of epoxy containing fibers of Spectra 1000. Tank holds inner layers of foil, adhesive, and proposed liner. Liner much thinner than shell, adds little weight, and subtracts little volume. Lined composite tank used to hold liquids from room temperature to cryogenic temperatures. Not suitable for oxygen, because organic materials in liner oxidized quickly.
RELAÇÕES BIOMÉTRICAS DAS LAGOSTAS ESPINHOSAS Panulirus argus (LATREILLE) E Panulirus laevicauda (LATREILLE) DO NORDESTE DO BRASIL (2000)

A analise quantitativa de populacoes biologicas tem como principal objetivo a determinacao e a comparacao de relacoes entre variaveis biometricas. As rela- coes biometricas das lagostas sao uma importante ferramenta utilizada pela biologia pesqueira para o estudo da dinâmica populacional destes crustaceos. Na presente Nota Cientifica apresentamos algumas relacoes de comprimento e peso das lagostas P. argus e P. laevicauda, visando a caracterizacao biometrica da populacao que se acha submetida a pesca no Nordeste do Brasil.
A bipolar-PMOS merged basic cell for 0.8 mu m BiCMOS sea of gates (1991)

A compact basic cell for BiCMOS sea-of-gates (SOG) circuits was developed using a bipolar-PMOS merged structure and gate-isolated bipolar transistors. The new cell structure reduces the cell area using the bipolar-PMOS merged transistors. The cell has no restrictions regarding macrocell placement because it has no shared element. The cell density is 60% higher than that of conventional cells. Three types of circuits are provided for a macrocell using the basic cell. The pull-up BiCMOS circuit, one of the circuit alternatives, obtains the shortest gate delay with average load capacitance and high density comparable to a pure CMOS density. The gate delay of 200 ps was achieved with the pull-up BiCMOS two-input NAND gate fabricated with 0.8- mu m BiCMOS technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Exploring Semi-Supervised Coreference Resolution of Medical Concepts using Semantic and Temporal Features (2012)

We investigate the task of medical concept coreference resolution in clinical text using two semi-supervised methods, co-training and multi-view learning with posterior regularization. By extracting semantic and temporal features of medical concepts found in clinical text, we create conditionally independent data views; co-training MaxEnt classifiers on this data works almost as well as supervised learning for the task of pairwise coreference resolution of medical concepts. We also train Max-Ent models with expectation constraints, using posterior regularization, and find that posterior regularization performs comparably to or slightly better than co-training. We describe the process of semantic and temporal feature extraction and demonstrate our methods on a corpus of case reports from the New England Journal of Medicine and a corpus of patient narratives obtained from The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. 1
Seasonal Changes in the Nutrient Concentrations of Leaves and Leaf Litter in a Young Cryptomeria japonica Stand (2002)

The leaves and leaf litter of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don was collected from April 1994 to March 1995 to describe the seasonal changes in nutrient concentrations in leaves and leaf litter. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations were in the order new leaves > old leaves > leaf litter, whereas calcium (Ca) concentration was in the order leaf litter > old leaves > new leaves during the whole year. N, P and K concentrations were at their highest during the new leaf growth phase, and then decreased as a result of the diluting effect and translocation, whereas Ca increased with time. Magnesium did not show any clear seasonal trend compared with other nutrients. N resorption efficiency was lower than P resorption efficiency. There were two nutrient resorption peaks, which could be attributed to high nutrient translocation to new leaves in the spring and to translocation from old leaves before senescence in the autumn. A significant correlation between N and P resorption was observed.
Synthesis of robust delay-fault-testable circuits: theory (1992)

The authors give a comprehensive theoretical framework for the analysis and synthesis of delay-fault-testable combinational logic circuits. For each of the common models of delay-fault testability, robust gate-delay faults and robust path-delay faults, they provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for complete testability under that model for two-level circuits. The authors describe the conditions in terminology common to two-level minimization and show their relationship to properties produced by two-level minimizers. Similar conditions for multilevel networks are presented. It is shown that constrained algebraic factorization is required to retain complete gate-delay-fault testability beginning from a two-level network. The authors present preliminary experimental results using these synthesis techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantification of Expression of Antigens Targeted by Antibody-Based Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2013)

Quantification of antigens might be useful in evaluating new antigens to target for therapy and may provide a systematic approach to selecting individualized therapy in CLL.
An In Vivo Photo-Cross-Linking Approach Reveals a Homodimerization Domain of Aha1 in S. cerevisiae (2014)

Protein-protein interactions play an essential role in almost any biological processes. Therefore, there is a particular need for methods which describe the interactions of a defined target protein in its physiological context. Here we report a method to photo-cross-link interacting proteins in S. cerevisiae by using the non-canonical amino acid p-azido-L-phenylalanine (pAzpa). Based on the expanded genetic code the photoreactive non-canonical amino acid pAzpa was site-specifically incorporated at eight positions into a domain of Aha1 that was previously described to bind Hsp90 in vitro to function as a cochaperone of Hsp90 and activates its ATPase activity. In vivo photo-cross-linking to the cognate binding partner of Aha1 was carried out by irradiation of mutant strains with UV light (365 nm) to induce covalent intermolecular bonds. Surprisingly, an interaction between Aha1 and Hsp90 was not detected, although, we could confirm binding of suppressed pAzpa containing Aha1 to Hsp90 by native co-immunoprecipitation. However, a homodimer consisting of two covalently crosslinked Aha1 monomers was identified by mass spectrometry. This homodimer could also be confirmed using p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine, another photoreactive non-canonical amino acid. Crosslinking was highly specific as it was dependent on irradiation using UV light, the exact position of the non-canonical amino acid in the protein sequence as well as on the addition of the non-canonical amino acid to the growth medium. Therefore it seems possible that an interaction of Aha1 with Hsp90 takes place at different positions than previously described in vitro highlighting the importance of in vivo techniques to study protein-protein interactions. Accordingly, the expanded genetic code can easily be applied to other S. cerevisiae proteins to study their interaction under physiological relevant conditions in vivo.
Models of stimulation artifacts applied to integrated circuit design (2005)

The goal of this research is to develop a monolithic stimulation and recording system capable of simultaneous, multichannel stimulation and recording. Monolithic systems are advantageous for large numbers of recording sites because they scale better than systems composed of discrete amplifiers. A major problem in recording systems is the stimulation artifact, a transient distortion present after stimulation. In order to improve recording systems, we analyze models of the stimulation artifact. Comparisons between model predictions and physical measurements verify the models. We show that the linear model, suitable for inclusion in circuit simulators, can assist in the design of an integrated recording system capable of artifact removal. The proposed design occupies 18,000 micron(2) and is suitable for monolithic integration.
Photocyclization reactions. Part <b>5</b>. Synthesis of dihydrobenzofuranols using photocyclization of 2‐alkoxybenzophenones and ethyl 2‐benzoylphenoxyacetates (1996)

Abstract Photocyclization reactions were carried out on 2‐alkoxybenzophenones 1a‐h and ethyl 2‐benzoylphenoxyacetates 2a ‐e in acetonitrile. Irradiation of 1a‐h gave dihydrobenzofuranols 4a‐h in 68–84% yields. Similarly, irradiation of 2a‐e afforded dihydrobenzofuranols 8a‐e in 72–75% yields. Ethyl acrylates 9b‐c were also produced in 6–8% yields from photoreactions of 2b‐c . Substituent effects on cyclization of 1,5‐biradical intermediates and reaction pathways are discussed. Benzophenones are useful compounds to prepare dihydrobenzofuranols by photocyclization.
Light sources (2005)

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Intercalation of an Acridine−Peptide Drug in an AA/TT Base Step in the Crystal Structure of [d(CGCGAATTCGCG)]<sub>2</sub> with Six Duplexes and Seven Mg<sup>2+</sup> Ions in the Asymmetric Unit (2002)

We present the crystal structure of an acridine drug derivatized at carbon 9, [N(alpha)-(9-acridinoyl)-tetraarginine], intercalated within the dodecamer [d(CGCGAATTCGCG)](2). The presence of a lateral chain at the central carbon 9 atom differentiates this compound from most acridine drugs hitherto studied, which are usually derivatized at carbon 4. The DNA:drug interaction we observe differs from that observed in previous studies, which primarily involves shorter, mainly hexameric sequences, in two important regards: the acridine intercalates within an AA/TT base step, rather than within a CG/CG base step; and the binding site is located at the center of the sequence, rather than at one end of the duplex. In addition, we observe a novel crystal packing arrangement, with six dodecamer duplexes and seven hydrated magnesium ions in the asymmetric unit of a large (66.5 x 68.4 x 77.4 A(3)) unit cell in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1). The duplexes are organized in layers parallel to the ab plane, with consecutive layers crossing each other at right angles.
Nonlinear Twin-T Network for Capacitive Transducers (1964)

A circuit is described which converts the capacitance variation of a capacitive transducer into analogous voltage and current signals. Direct current output voltages of the order of 10 V and dc currents in the milliampere range are obtained for a variation of capacitance of 10 pF. At maximum sensitivity, the output is practically independent of variations of the source frequency. Sensitivities of the order of 1000 V/in. can be obtained when used with transducers for the measurement of small displacements.
Complex magnetic susceptibility setup for spectroscopy in the extremely low-frequency range (2008)

A sensitive balanced differential transformer was built to measure complex initial parallel magnetic susceptibility spectra in the 0.01-1000 Hz range. The alternating magnetic field can be chosen sufficiently weak that the magnetic structure of the samples is only slightly perturbed and the low frequencies make it possible to study the rotational dynamics of large magnetic colloidal particles or aggregates dispersed in a liquid. The distinguishing features of the setup are the novel multilayered cylindrical coils with a large sample volume and a large number of secondary turns (55 000) to measure induced voltages with a good signal-to-noise ratio, the use of a dual channel function generator to provide an ac current to the primary coils and an amplitude- and phase-adjusted compensation voltage to the dual phase differential lock-in amplifier, and the measurement of several vector quantities at each frequency. We present the electrical impedance characteristics of the coils, and we demonstrate the performance of the setup by measurement on magnetic colloidal dispersions covering a wide range of characteristic relaxation frequencies and magnetic susceptibilities, from chi approximately -10(-5) for pure water to chi>1 for concentrated ferrofluids.
Voyager: Complete Container State Migration (2017)

Due to the small memory footprint and fast startup times offerred by container virtualization, made ever more popular by the Docker platform, containers are seeing rapid adoption as a foundational capability to build PaaS and SaaS clouds. For such container clouds, which are fundamentally different from VM clouds, various cloud management services need to be revisited. In this paper, we present our Voyager - just-in-time live container migration service, designed in accordance with the Open Container Initiative (OCI) principles. Voyager is a novel filesystem-agnostic and vendor-agnostic migration service that provides consistent full-system migration. Voyager combines CRIU-based memory migration together with the data federation capabilities of union mounts to minimize migration downtime. With a union view of data between the source and target hosts, Voyager containers can resume operation instantly on the target host, while performing disk state transfer lazily in the background.
Semantic Jitter: Dense Supervision for Visual Comparisons via Synthetic Images (2017)

Distinguishing subtle differences in attributes is valuable, yet learning to make visual comparisons remains nontrivial. Not only is the number of possible comparisons quadratic in the number of training images, but also access to images adequately spanning the space of fine-grained visual differences is limited. We propose to overcome the sparsity of supervision problem via synthetically generated images. Building on a state-of-the-art image generation engine, we sample pairs of training images exhibiting slight modifications of individual attributes. Augmenting real training image pairs with these examples, we then train attribute ranking models to predict the relative strength of an attribute in novel pairs of real images. Our results on datasets of faces and fashion images show the great promise of bootstrapping imperfect image generators to counteract sample sparsity for learning to rank.
High-Temperature Reusable Shape Memory Polymer Mandrels (Preprint) (2006)

Cornerstone Research Group, Inc. (CRG) has demonstrated the feasibility of filament winding complex-curved composite shapes on shape memory polymer (SMP) mandrels. SMPs can exhibit a radical change from a rigid polymer to a flexible, elastic state, and then back to a rigid state under thermal stimuli. SMP mandrels for filament winding and fiber placement allow for a quick, easy, reusable, and low-cost mandrel system. CRG has recently improved the SMP mandrel technology by adding a high-strain fiber reinforcement (HSFR) that both raises the toughness of the SMP and allows the SMP to elongate up to 150 percent. The resulting material can produce mandrels durable enough to withstand multiple use in high production rate manufacturing. This paper will demonstrate and discuss the feasibility of HSFR-SMP mandrels for filament winding and fiber placement and recent developments in CRG's SMP mandrel technology, including the fabrication of larger parts.
A Time-Series View of Changing Ocean Chemistry Due to Ocean Uptake of Anthropogenic CO2 and Ocean Acidification (2014)

as critically important for improvement of global models and for understanding global ocean carbon cycle feedbacks and synergies necessary to detect changes in the ocean carbon cycle due to both natural processes and anthropogenic pertur-
Powerful Low-Frequency Vibrators for Active Seismology (2005)

In the past two decades, active seismology studies in Russia have made use of powerful (40- and 100-ton) low-frequency vibrators. These sources create a force amplitude of up to 100 tons and function in the 1.5–3, 3–6, and 5–10 Hz frequency bands. The mobile versions of the vibrator have a force amplitude of 40 tons and a 6–12 Hz frequency band. Recording distances for the 100-ton vibrator are as large as 350 km, enabling the refracted waves to penetrate down to 50 km depths. Vibrator operation sessions are highly repeatable, having distinct “summer” or “winter” spectral patterns. A long profile of seismic records allows estimation of fault zone depths using changes in recorded spectra. Other applications include deep seismic profiling, seismic hazard mapping, structural testing, stress-induced anisotropy studies, seismic station calibration, and large-structure integrity testing. The theoretical description of the low-frequency vibrator is given in the appendices, which contain numerical examples.
Expression of the galactose mutarotase gene from Lactococcus lactics ssp. lactis ATCC7962 in Escherichia coli (2000)

The structure of gal/lac operon of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ATCC7962 was partially characterized and the gene (galM) encoding galactose mutarotase was cloned together with the order: galA-galM-galK-galT. The galM was found to be 1,027 bp in length and encoded the protein of 37,609 Da calculated molecular mass. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a homology with GalM proteins from several other microorganisms. Thus, the galM gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and the product was identified as a 38 kDa protein which corresponded to the size estimated from DNA sequence. Mutarotase activity of the IPTG induced recombinant was 2.7 times increased against that of the host strain.
Autoantibodies in Alzheimer's disease: potential biomarkers, pathogenic roles, and therapeutic implications (2016)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. The etiology of AD has not been fully defined and currently there is no cure for this devastating disease. Compelling evidence suggests that the immune system plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of AD. Autoantibodies against a variety of molecules have been associated with AD. The roles of these autoantibodies in AD, however, are not well understood. This review attempts to summarize recent findings on these autoantibodies and explore their potential as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for AD, their roles in the pathogenesis of AD, and their implications in the development of effective immunotherapies for AD.
Noncanonical Genomic Imprinting Effects in Offspring (2015)

Here, we describe an RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)-based approach that accurately detects even modest maternal or paternal allele expression biases at the tissue level, which we call noncanonical genomic imprinting effects. We profile imprinting in the arcuate nucleus (ARN) and dorsal raphe nucleus of the female mouse brain as well as skeletal muscle (mesodermal) and liver (endodermal). Our study uncovers hundreds of noncanonical autosomal and X-linked imprinting effects. Noncanonical imprinting is highly tissue-specific and enriched in the ARN, but rare in the liver. These effects are reproducible across different genetic backgrounds and associated with allele-specific chromatin. Using in situ hybridization for nascent RNAs, we discover that autosomal noncanonical imprinted genes with a tissue-level allele bias exhibit allele-specific expression effects in subpopulations of neurons in the brain in vivo. We define noncanonical imprinted genes that regulate monoamine signaling and determine that these effects influence the impact of inherited mutations on offspring behavior.
Formation of threading defects in GaN wurtzite films grown on nonisomorphic substrates (1995)

Possible causes of a dense network of threading defects in epitaxial hexagonal GaN films grown on various substrates are discussed. We show that these defects originate at the substrate/film interface as the boundaries between differently stacked hexagonal domains, and are created by surface steps on substrates nonisomorphic with wurtzite GaN. We argue that these defects are inherent in the epitaxy of wurtzite films on nonisomorphic substrates. As a result, isomorphic substrates such as ZnO and GaN should be explored for wurtzite nitride growth. Possible effects of these defects on the properties of wurtzite nitrides are briefly discussed.
Graft–Recipient Collagen Lamellar Axis Discrepancy Is Compatible With Excellent Visual Acuity After Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (2016)

A discrepancy between the lamellar orientation of the graft and the recipient is compatible with excellent visual acuity after DSAEK.
Peptide QSAR on Substance P Analogues, Enkephalins, and Bradykinins Containing L- and D-Amino Acids. (1990)

Peptide QSARs are constructed for substance P analogues, enkephalins (two examples) and bradykinins containing both L- and D-amino acids. As descriptors in the QSARs, the previously developed descriptors z1 (hydrophobicity), z2 (bulk) and z3 (electronic effect) are used together with a qualitative variable coding for variation in chirality. Two parametrizations of the peptide sequences are tested. In the first no chiral description is used at all, and in the second chirality is described by the qualitative variable. It is concluded that for the current series of peptides, the biological response to variation in amino acid sequence and chirality can be modelled.