gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Amnesic Agent 2‐Deoxygalactose on Incorporation of Fucose into Chick Brain Glycoproteins (1990)

The interaction of the amnesic agent 2-deoxygalactose with fucose incorporation into glycoproteins in day-old chick forebrain has been studied with the aim of identifying glycoproteins whose synthesis is modified during memory formation. 2-Deoxygalactose inhibited total exogenous [14C]fucose incorporation into the forebrain glycoproteins by 26%. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gradient gel analysis revealed that intracerebrally injected 2-[3H]deoxygalactose labelled the same eight major glycoprotein bands as were identified using [14C]fucose labelling. Subsequent investigations focussed on these selected components. Subcellular fractionation showed that between 4 and 24 h after administration of the deoxy-sugar, the incorporated radioactivity was found predominantly at the synaptic sites, some glycoproteins being more abundant in synaptic plasma membranes and others in postsynaptic densities. This distribution pattern varied according to the time after injection. The effect of passive avoidance training, using a methylanthranilate-coated bead, on [14C]fucose incorporation into forebrain was to decrease fucose uptake into components of molecular mass 150-180 kilodaltons but to increase significantly labelling of glycoproteins of molecular mass 33 and 28 kilodaltons. The possible implications of these training-induced changes are discussed.
Critical requirement of BAX for manifestation of apoptosis induced by multiple stimuli in human epithelial cancer cells. (2002)

Studies with mouse embryo fibroblasts deficient for the BCL-2 family multidomain proapoptotic proteins BAX and BAK have revealed that both of these proteins are essential for apoptosis induced by multiple stimuli, suggesting that these proapoptotic proteins are functionally overlapping in these cells [M. C. Wei et al., Science (Wash. DC), 292: 727-730, 2001; W. X. Zong et al., Genes Dev., 15: 1481-1486, 2001]. We have determined the effect of several different apoptotic stimuli in a Bax-deficient human epithelial cancer cell line (HCT116BaxKO). We show that this cell line expresses functional BAK protein and is defective in manifestation of apoptosis induced by the BH3-only proteins BIK and BID as well as extrinsic stimuli that engage the death receptors, tumor necrosis factor receptor, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor, and Fas. In addition, this cell line is deficient for apoptosis induced by cytotoxic agents such as UV, staurosporine, and thapsigargin that induce either mitochondrial or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our results suggest that BAX plays a critical role in the manifestation of apoptosis paradigms induced by multiple stimuli in human epithelial cancer cells. Our results also suggest that the integrity of BAX may have important consequences in the progression of epithelial tumors and in determining the outcome of chemotherapeutic regimens of such tumors.
Preparation and characterization of polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles (2001)

Composite materials consisting of polystyrene-coated iron nanoparticles were prepared by the thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl in the presence of polystyrene-tetraethylenepentamine dispersants. The nanocomposites contain both simple core-shell particles of 10-20 nm diameter, and more complex particles (20-100 nm) made from the agglomeration of several core-shell particles. Electron diffraction revealed that the core was composed of iron, in contrast to the iron nitride (Fe/sub 3/N) reported for similar conditions with a polyisobutylene-based dispersant. The materials exhibit hysteresis and /spl sigma//sub s/ ranges from 7.6 to 29.3 emu/g. The coercivity goes through a maximum for particles of /spl ap/25 nm diameter. Removal of unbound dispersant from the materials greatly increases the magnetization.
Periodic Motions With Impacting Chatter and Stick in a Gear Transmission System (2009)

Abstract In this paper, an impact model with possible stick between the two gears is proposed for gear transmission systems, which includes the piecewise backlash model and the traditional impact model for the first time. The new model presented in this paper possesses a time-varying boundary for two dynamical systems either to switch or to impact. Such a model can catch impacting chatter and stick phenomena in gear transmission systems. Based on the new model, periodic impacting chatter and stick in a gear transmission system can be investigated. For doing so, switching sets on the time-varying boundaries are introduced to define basic mappings. Mapping structures based on basic mappings are developed for characterizing motions in gear transmission systems, and from such mapping structures, periodic motions with impacting chatter and stick in such a gear transmission system are predicted analytically. Numerical simulations are performed for illustration of periodic motions with impacting chatter and stick phenomena.
On the logic of quantum physics and the concept of the time (1998)

The logic--linguistic structure of quantum physics is analysed. The role of formal systems and interpretations in the representation of nature is investigated. The problems of decidability, completeness, and consistency can affect quantum physics in different ways. Bohr's complementarity is of great interest,because it is a contradictory proposition. We shall see that the flowing of time prevents the birth of contradictions in nature, because it makes a cut between two different, but complementary aspects of the reality.
Die perkutane Rekanalisation chronischer arterieller Verschlüsse (Dotter-Prinzip) mit einem neuen doppellumigen Dilatationskatheter (1976)

A modification of Dotter's transluminal recanalisation of stenoses and occlusions of the superficial femoral artery, and of stenoses of the iliac artery, is described. In this procedure the occluding material is compressed not by successive catheters, but by a catheter with a dilatable cover. This catheter consisted originally of a single lumen, but now has double lumen; one lumen accomodates contrast, or a guide wire or a stiff cannula, whereas the second lumen is used for filling the cover and the expandable segment. The procedure is described in detail. Results so far appear satisfactory; they are compared with the results which have been obtained during the last year with the single lumen catheter.
Structure and surface properties of diaminocyclohexane plasma polymer films (1993)

Abstract Plasma polymers of three isomers of diaminocyclohexane (DACH) were deposited on polyethylene, SiO 2 , and mica at 20°C. The deposition rate was measured as a function of plasma density and power; a maximum was observed in the latter function. The deposition rate was highest for the monomer with the highest flow rate. The film refractive index was observed to increase with both power density and the degree of fragmentation in the plasma. Film composition was measured by elementary analysis, and was found to be almost identical for each of the three isomers; a mechanism for the polymerization reaction is proposed. The percentage of primary amino groups decreased with increasing power density and with film thickness. Surface force measurements of the thickness and refractive index agreed well with the corresponding ellipsometry values in dry air, and am adhesive force, independent of power density, was measured. When the film was exposed to water vapor, it swelled considerably and the adhesion was determined by capillary forces. Associated with swelling, at high power, was an extremely regular 2‐ply rope pattern of protruding material. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Gastric or intestinal electrical stimulation-induced increase in gastric volume is correlated with reduced food intake (2006)

Food intake was correlated to weight (r = 0.62, p = 0.02) as well as the fasting gastric volume (r = 0.59, p = 0.02). GES/IES reduced food intake (240.8 versus 445.0 g, p < 0.005) and increased gastric volume in the fasting state (263.4 versus 74.4 ml, p < 0.0001). Reduced food intake was correlated to the preprandial gastric volume (r = - 0.58, p = 0.02) and postprandial increase in gastric volume with GES/IES (r = 0.56, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS. GES/IES reduces food intake and increases gastric volume measured by barostat. The GES/IES-induced increase in gastric volume (or reduced gastric tone) is correlated with reduced food intake during GES/IES.
Immobilization of microbial cells in crosslinked, prepolymerized, linear polyacrylamide gels: Antibiotic production by immobilized <i>Streptomyces clavuligerus</i> cells (1981)

Abstract A mild new method for the immobilization whole microbial cells has been developed. Cells were suspended in a solution of preformed, linear, water‐soluble Polyacrylamide chains, partially substituted with acylhydrazide groups. The Prepolymerized backbone polymer was crosslinked, in the presence of viable cells, by stoichiometric amounts of dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutardialdehyde, and period ate‐oxidized polyvinyl alcohol. The crosslinking reaction, carried out in cold, neutral physiological conditions resulted in cells entrapped in gels with physical properties similar to those of the common Polyacrylamide gels. However, cell damage generally caused by the acrylamide monomer was avoided. Resting Streptomyces clavuligerus cells, possessing a high capacity for antibiotic production, were entrapped according to this procedure. These immobilized cells produced cephalosporins continuously for 96 h with yields similar to those of free resting cells. The same cells, when immobilized by direct polymerization acrylamide monomers, yielded significantly lower amount of antibiotics.
Discovering top-k teams of experts with/without a leader in social networks (2011)

We study the problem of discovering a team of experts from a social network. Given a project whose completion requires a set of skills, our goal is to find a set of experts that together have all of the required skills and also have the minimal communication cost among them. We propose two communication cost functions designed for two types of communication structures. We show that the problem of finding the team of experts that minimizes one of the proposed cost functions is NP-hard. Thus, an approximation algorithm with an approximation ratio of two is designed. We introduce the problem of finding a team of experts with a leader. The leader is responsible for monitoring and coordinating the project, and thus a different communication cost function is used in this problem. To solve this problem, an exact polynomial algorithm is proposed. We show that the total number of teams may be exponential with respect to the number of required skills. Thus, two procedures that produce top-k teams of experts with or without a leader in polynomial delay are proposed. Extensive experiments on real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed methods.
An Improved Method for the Synthesis of Active Esters of<i>N</i>-Protected Amino Acids and Subsequent Synthesis of Dipeptides (1991)

4-Dimethylaminopyridine-catalyzed reaction of mixed carbonates 3 with N-protected amino acids 4 gave the corresponding active esters 5-9, from which dipeptides 11-18 were synthesized by aminolysis with amino acids 10.
Nonstructural Protein 5A of Hepatitis C Virus Inhibits the Function of Karyopherin β3 (2000)

It has been suggested that nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) plays a role in the incapacitation of interferon by inactivation of RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR. In order to further investigate the role of NS5A, we tried to identify cellular proteins interacting with NS5A by using the yeast two-hybrid system. The karyopherin β3 gene was isolated from a human liver cell library as a protein interacting with NS5A. The protein-protein interaction between NS5A and karyopherin β3 was confirmed by in vitro binding assay and an in vivo coimmunoprecipitation method. The effect of NS5A on the karyopherin β3 activity was investigated using a yeast cell line containing mutations in both PSE1 andKAP123, genes that are homologous to the human karyopherin β3 gene. Human karyopherin β3 complemented the loss of thePSE1 and KAP123 functions, supporting growth of the double mutant cells. However, expression of NS5A hampered the growth of the double mutant cells supplemented with human karyopherin β3. On the other hand, expression of NS5A by itself had no effect on the growth of the double mutant expressing wild-type yeastPSE1. This indicates that NS5A may inhibit karyopherin β3 function via protein-protein interaction. The role of NS5A in HCV replication is discussed.
Research on the Promotion of Rule Engine Performance (2010)

The essence of rule-based software development is to separate business logics and business data, so as to make the business logics as an independent and maintainable part. This method applies the technique of Rule Engine. Rule Engine can modify the rule file and manage the requirement changes conveniently and effectively. But it also brings lots of extra performance consumptions. The consumptions mainly include three parts: the time of compiling rule files, the time of rule matching and the time of rule conflict resolution. This article presents three methods to enhance the performance of Rule Engine, which are compile out of process, detail rule file content and sub function package division. In the end, this article makes a comparison of system performance by rule-based system and general system to analysis the pros and cons of rule engine. The results showed that the system developed by rule-based method has good adaptability and scalability when requirement changes. Using specific design method for special system can improve the performance of rule-based system effectively.
Troglitazone but not Metformin Restores Insulin-Stimulated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Activity and Increases p110β Protein Levels in Skeletal Muscle of Type 2 Diabetic Subjects (2002)

Insulin stimulation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activity is defective in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic individuals. We studied the impact of antidiabetic therapy on this defect in type 2 diabetic subjects who failed glyburide treatment by the addition of troglitazone (600 mg/day) or metformin (2,550 mg/day) therapy for 3-4 months. Improvement in glycemic control was similar for the two groups, as indicated by changes in fasting glucose and HbA(1c) levels. Insulin action on whole-body glucose disposal rate (GDR) was determined before and after treatment using the hyperinsulinemic (300 mU x m(-2) x min(-1)) euglycemic (5.0-5.5 mmol/l) clamp technique. Needle biopsies of vastus lateralis muscle were obtained before and after each 3-h insulin infusion. Troglitazone treatment resulted in a 35 +/- 9% improvement in GDR (P < 0.01), which was greater than (P < 0.05) the 22 +/- 13% increase (P < 0.05) after metformin treatment. Neither treatment had any effect on basal insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)-associated PI 3-kinase activity in muscle. However, insulin stimulation of PI 3-kinase activity was augmented nearly threefold after troglitazone treatment (from 67 +/- 22% stimulation over basal pre-treatment to 211 +/- 62% post-treatment, P < 0.05), whereas metformin had no effect. The troglitazone effect on PI 3-kinase activity was associated with a 46 +/- 22% increase (P < 0.05) in the amount of the p110beta catalytic subunit of PI 3-kinase. Insulin-stimulated Akt activity also increased after troglitazone treatment (from 32 +/- 8 to 107 +/- 32% stimulation, P < 0.05) but was unchanged after metformin therapy. Protein expression of other key insulin signaling molecules (IRS-1, the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase, and Akt) was unaltered after either treatment. We conclude that the mechanism for the insulin-sensitizing effect of troglitazone, but not metformin, involves enhanced PI 3-kinase pathway activation in skeletal muscle of obese type 2 diabetic subjects.
Selective apoptosis of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes by the anti-Fas antibody. (1995)

Fas is a cell surface protein that mediates apoptosis. A mouse mutant, lpr (lymphoproliferation), has a mutation in the Fas gene. In this report, we studied the expression and function of Fas in various subpopulations of mouse thymocytes. Abundant expression of Fas was detected on CD4+CD8+ double positive as well as CD4+ or CD8+ single positive thymocytes in wild-type mice. Little or low levels of Fas were expressed in CD4-CD8- double negative thymocytes except for the CD4-CD8-CD3+ phenotype, which expresses Fas as abundantly as double positive or single positive subsets. On the other hand, no Fas expression was detected in any population of thymocytes from lpr mice. When the wild-type thymocytes were treated with the agonistic anti-Fas antibody, double positive cells from the wild-type mice were selectively killed by apoptosis, whereas, the single positive cells were resistant to its cytolytic activity despite their abundant expression of Fas. Unlike the apoptosis of thymocytes induced by glucocorticoid or T cell activator, the Fas-induced apoptosis of thymocytes was enhanced by metabolic inhibitors such as cycloheximide. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of the anti-Fas antibody into mice caused rapid apoptosis of thymocytes in vivo.
Regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 translation through CUG-binding protein 1 and microRNA-222 by polyamines (2011)

The amino acid-derived polyamines are organic cations that are essential for growth in all mammalian cells, but their exact roles at the molecular level remain largely unknown. Here we provide evidence that polyamines promote the translation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) by the action of CUG-binding protein 1 (CUGBP1) and microRNA-222 (miR-222) in intestinal epithelial cells. Both CUGBP1 and miR-222 were found to bind the CDK4 mRNA coding region and 3'-untranslated region and repressed CDK4 translation synergistically. Depletion of cellular polyamines increased cytoplasmic CUGBP1 abundance and miR-222 levels, induced their associations with the CDK4 mRNA, and inhibited CDK4 translation, whereas increasing the levels of cellular polyamines decreased CDK4 mRNA interaction with CUGBP1 and miR-222, in turn inducing CDK4 expression. Polyamine-deficient cells exhibited an increased colocalization of tagged CDK4 mRNA with processing bodies; this colocalization was abolished by silencing CUGBP1 and miR-222. Together, our findings indicate that polyamine-regulated CUGBP1 and miR-222 modulate CDK4 translation at least in part by altering the recruitment of CDK4 mRNA to processing bodies.
JEOPARD -- Java Environment for Parallel Real-Time Development (2009)

Multicore systems have become standard for desktop computers today. Current operating systems and software development tools provide straightforward means to use the additional computing power. However, a more fundamental change in the design and development of software is required to fully exploit the power of multicore systems. Furthermore, the fast growing market of embedded systems is currently largely unaffected by the introduction of multicore systems. This will change quickly in the future, which will mean that there will be a demand on efficient development of reliable embedded software that can give real-time guarantees and exploit the available power on multicore systems.The JEOPARD project addresses this demand by developing Java software tools to exploit multicore power while ensuring correctness and predictable timing. This paper gives an overview of the JEOPARD project and focuses on key technical issues such as real-time scheduling and real-time garbage collection on multi-core systems.
Automatic physical database design: an extensible approach (1993)

In a high-level query language such as SQL, queries yield the same result no matter how the logical schema is physically implemented. Nevertheless, a query's cost can vary by orders of magnitude among different physical implementations of the same logical schema, even with the most modern query optimizers. Therefore, designing a low-cost physical implementation is an important pragmatic problem--one that requires a sophisticated understanding of physical design options and query strategies, and that involves estimating query costs, a tedious and error-prone process when done manually.
We have devised a simple framework for automating physical design in relational or post-relational DBMSs and in database programming languages. Within this framework, design options are uniformly represented as features, and designs are represented by sets of features. (Mutually exclusive features conflict. An example would be two primary indexes on the same table.) The uniform representation of design options as features accommodates a greater variety of design options than previous approaches; adding a new design option (e.g. a new index type) merely entails characterizing it as a feature with appropriate parameters.
We propose an approximation algorithm, based on this framework, that finds low-cost physical designs. In an initial phase, the algorithm examines the logical schema, data statistics, and queries, and generates useful features--features that might reduce query costs. In a subsequent phase, the algorithm uses the DBMS's cost estimates to find features--features that belong to the lowest-cost designs for each individual query. Finally, the algorithm searches among conflict-free subsets of the best features of all the queries to find organizations with low global cost estimates.
We have implemented a prototype physical design assistant for the INGRES relational DBMS, and we evaluate its designs for several benchmarks, including ASSSAP. Our experiments with the prototype show that it can produce good designs, and that the critical factor limiting their quality is the accuracy of query cost estimates. The prototype implementation isolates dependencies on INGRES, permitting our framework to produce design assistants for a wide range of relational, nested-relational, and object-oriented DBMSs.
Nitrogen Changes in Forest Litter after Fertilization with Calcium‐Urea (1991)

Abstract Urea used to fertilize acid forest soils can be lost by NH 3 volatilization. The objective of this research was to examine, in the laboratory, the impact of CaCl 2 , applied with urea, on NH 3 losses from (i) forest floor litter (FFL) alone, (ii) FFL with CaCO 3 , and (iii) wood ash (WA) amended FFL. Ammonia loss, urease activity, and N availability were measured as functions of the CaCl 2 treatments. Low NH 3 loss occurred during the first 10 d after application of urea; however, NH 3 loss increased in the 10 d after a second urea application. Application of CaCO 3 or WA to the FFL prior to urea fertilization caused slightly faster NH 3 losses than observed from FFL alone. Reuse of FFL with CaCO 3 (after extensive leaching) also resulted in very rapid NH 3 loss. When CaCl 2 was added with urea, however, at a molar ratio of 0.5 or 1.0, there were negligible NH 3 losses from either unamended FFL or FFL with CaCO 3 . Low urease activity was detected in unamended FFL after urea application (16 °C). Higher urease activity was measured in FFL after treatment with a 0.25 molar ratio of CaCl 2 /urea (1:4 Ca/urea), but NH 3 losses in the presence of CaCl 2 were extremely low or nondetectable. Urease activity in all WA treatments was high. Based on the amount of KCl‐extractable N (NH 4 , urea) and volatilized NH 3 , it appeared that N was rapidly immobilized at 0.5 and 1.0 Ca/urea in both unamended FFL and FFL amended with CaCO 3 . Recovery of urea‐N was complete in all of the WA treatments and in the urea and 0.25 molar ratio of CaCl 2 + urea in FFL and FFL + CaCO 3 . Extractable N and volatile NH 3 from the 0.5 and 1.0 soluble Ca/urea treatments (FFL and FFL with CaCO 3 ) accounted for less than one‐half of the N applied. It was hypothesized that CaCl 2 at molar ratios > 0.5 with respect to urea stimulated biological immobilization of NH 4 .