gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A low-voltage, micro-power 1 A switching regulator (1990)

A switching regulator circuit that is capable of operation at supply voltages down to 1.0 V and consumes less than 100 mu A with no load, making it attractive in battery operated systems where long battery life is important, is discussed. The circuit can deliver 5 V at 50 mA with a 1.5-V input. Unlike previous low-voltage circuits, which are limited in output power, this circuit incorporates micropower control circuitry and a 1-A power switch. A low-saturation-voltage bipolar technology with implant resistors and a deep p/sup +/ diffusion for high-current lateral PNPs is used to implement the circuit. A 1-A NPN switch with a saturation resistance of 0.6 Omega and a 30-mA low-saturation lateral PNP, along with all control circuitry, are integrated on a single die.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of Bacterial Vectors for Tumor-Targeted Gene Therapy (2009)

Gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment of cancer. The success of the strategy relies on effective gene transfer into tumor microenvironments. Although a variety of gene delivery vehicles, such as viral vectors, has been developed, most of them suffer from some limitations, including inadequate tumor targeting, inefficient gene transfer, and potential toxicity. This situation suggests that it is necessary to develop novel vectors for effective tumor-targeted gene transfer. The discovery of tumor-targeting bacteria has spurred interest in the use of these bacteria as gene transfer vectors. In this review, we focus on the current status of the development of bacterial vectors for cancer gene therapy and highlight some of the directions that the field may take.
<title>Continuous-Scan Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Sensor System With Moving Target Indicator (MTI) For Satellite Surveillance</title> (1980)

This paper describes a charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging sensor which is being developed to provide high sensitivity and high scan coverage rate for automatic detection in electro-optical, deep-space, satellite-surveillance applications. The visible-spectrum sensor focal plane is a mosaic of 100 x 400 pixel CCD imagers which are operated in the time delay and integration (TDI) mode permitting continuous high-rate scan coverage while integrating target light levels for high sensitivity. The polysilicon gate, front illumi9ated devices have 30 x 30 μm pixels. Room temperature dark current is less than 3 nA/cm and noise levels are 10-20 electrons. Several aligned rows of imaging CCD arrays located on the focal plane in the scan direction provide multiple samples of the field-of-view for automatic MTI detection processing. Five-chip focal planes have been assembled with positional errors of less than 4 μm. The MTI Signal Processor features imager defect removal, parameter estimation, adaptive thresholding, digital delay, and spatial correlation for MTI. This paper includes descriptions of the sensor system, the CCD imager design and characterization, the signal processor, and a summary of test results of the initial sensor system operated on space surveillance telescopes at the GEODSS Experimental Test System, White Sands Missile Range.
Future directions in boiling water reactor design (1988)

The Advances Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR) is being developed by an international team of BWR manufacturers to respond to worldwide utility needs in the l1980's. Major objectives of the ABWR program are design simplification; improved safety and reliability; reduced construction, fuel and operating costs; improved maneuverability; and reduced occupational exposure and radwaste. The ABWR incorporate the best proven features from BWR designs in Europe, Japan and the United States and application of leading edge technology. Key features of the ABWR are internal recirculation pumps; fine-motion, electrohydraulic control rod drives; digital control and instrumentation; multiplexed, fiber optic cabling network; pressure suppression containment with horizontal vents; cylindrical reinforced concrete containment; structural integration of the containment and reactor building; severe accident capability; state-of-the-art fuel; advanced turbine/generator with 52'' last stage buckets; and advanced radwaste technology. International cooperative efforts are also underway aimed at development of a simplified BWR employing natural circulation and passive safety systems. This BWR concept and which only in the conceptual design stage, shown significant technical and economic promises.
Surface Damping Treatment With an Active-Passive Hybrid Constraining Layer (1999)

Abstract A new surface-damping concept with an active-passive hybrid constraining layer (HCL) is proposed to improve the damping performance of traditional active constrained layer (ACL) systems. Instead of using a piezoelectric constraining layer, passive and active materials are used together to constrain the viscoelastic material layer. A generic model of the HCL treatment is presented. Non-dimensional equations of motion and boundary and connecting conditions are derived. The closed-form solutions to the equations are developed and analyzed. It is shown that by properly selecting a passive constraining material and assigning appropriate lengths for the active and passive constraining parts, HCL can outperform a system with pure active PZT coversheet, both in terms of its fail-safe ability and closed-loop damping performance.
How lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1) activates Torsin (2014)

Lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1) resides at the nuclear envelope and interacts with Torsins, poorly understood endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized AAA+ ATPases, through a conserved, perinuclear domain. We determined the crystal structure of the perinuclear domain of human LAP1. LAP1 possesses an atypical AAA+ fold. While LAP1 lacks canonical nucleotide binding motifs, its strictly conserved arginine 563 is positioned exactly where the arginine finger of canonical AAA+ ATPases is found. Based on modeling and electron microscopic analysis, we propose that LAP1 targets Torsin to the nuclear envelope by forming an alternating, heterohexameric (LAP1-Torsin)3 ring, in which LAP1 acts as the Torsin activator. The experimental data show that mutation of arginine 563 in LAP1 reduces its ability to stimulate TorsinA ATPase hydrolysis. This knowledge may help scientists understand the etiology of DYT1 primary dystonia, a movement disorder caused by a single glutamate deletion in TorsinA.
Use of stereo camera systems for assessment of rockfish abundance in untrawlable areas and for recording pollock behavior during midwater trawls (2021)

We describe the application of two types of stereo camerasystems in fisheries research, including the design, calibration, analysis techniques, and precision of the dataobtained with these systems. The first is a stereo video system deployed by using a quick-responding winch with alive feed to provide species- and size- composition data adequate to produce acoustically based biomass estimatesof rockfish. This system was tested on the eastern Bering Sea slope where rockfish were measured. Rockfish sizes were similar to those sampled with a bottom trawl and the relative error in multiple measurements of the same rockfish in multiple still-frame images was small. Measurement errors of up to 5.5% were found on a calibration target of known size. The second system consisted of a pair of still-image digital cameras mountedinside a midwater trawl. Processing of the stereo images allowed fish length, fish orientation in relation to the camera platform, and relative distance of the fish to the trawl netting to be determined. The video system was useful for surveying fish in Alaska, but it could also be usedbroadly in other situations where it is difficult to obtain species-composition or size-composition information.Likewise, the still-image system could be used for fisheries research to obtain data on size, position, andorientation of fish.
Computer-Aided Design of Mastoparan-like Peptides Enables the Generation of Nontoxic Variants with Extended Antibacterial Properties (2019)

Diverse peptides have been evaluated for their activity against pathogenic microorganisms. Here, five mastoparan variants were designed based on mastoparan-L, among which two (R1 and R4) were selected for in-depth analysis. Mastoparan-L (parent/control), R1, and R4 inhibited susceptible/resistant bacteria at concentrations ranging from 2 to 32 μM, whereas only R1 and R4 eradicated <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> biofilms at 16 μM. Moreover, the toxic effects of mastoparan-L toward mammalian cells were drastically reduced in both variants. In skin infections, R1 at 64 μM was the most effective variant, reducing <i>P. aeruginosa</i> bacterial counts 1000 times on day 4 post-infection. Structurally, all of the peptides showed varying levels of helicity and structural stability in aqueous and membrane-like conditions, which may affect the different bioactivities observed here. By computationally modifying the physicochemical properties of R1 and R4, we reduced the cytotoxicity and optimized the therapeutic potential of these mastoparan-like peptides both in vitro and in vivo.
Deviations from Kleinman symmetry measured for several simple atoms and molecules (1985)

Deviations from Kleinman symmetry for the second hyperpolarizability tensors of some simple atoms and molecules (He, Ar, Kr, Xe, ${\mathrm{CH}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{CF}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{SF}}_{6}$, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{6}$, ${\mathrm{CHF}}_{3}$, and ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$) have been measured down to the 0.1% level of accuracy at several frequencies far below the first strong electronic resonance, by means of dc-electric-field--induced second-harmonic generation (ESHG). The results of the experiment are discussed within the framework of several models. The observed Kleinman-symmetry deviations are small compared to the electronic dispersion, and appear to be dominated by electronic rather than vibrational contributions. However, vibrations are shown to play a role in the case of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, and the results observed for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ differ significantly. The observed deviation for He is relatively large and should provide a sensitive test of ab initio calculations.
Pharmacology of thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists. (1989)

Thromboxane A2 and its immediate precursor, prostaglandin H2, induce platelet aggregation and constriction of vascular and bronchial smooth muscle. These effects are mediated through specific membrane receptors. Since these compounds have the same pharmacologic properties they are thought to share a common receptor that has been named thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2. Evidence has accumulated in the last few years supporting the hypothesis that the platelet and vascular receptors are different. The platelet receptor has been tentatively named [TXA2/PGH2]alpha, alpha for aggregation and the vascular receptor (TXA2/PGH2]tau, tau for tone. In recent years there have been many thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists synthesized and some are now in various stages of clinical development. Based on many preclinical and some clinical studies, it appears that these drugs may prove to be of significant therapeutic benefit in a variety of cardiovascular and renal diseases.
Experimentally introduced defective endogenous proviruses are highly expressed in chickens (1991)

We have previously described the experimental introduction of recombinant subgroup A avian leukosis viruses (ALV) with Rous-associated virus 0 long terminal repeats into the germ line of line 0 chickens and the generation of 23 transgenic lines. Two of these transgenic lines, alv6 and alv11, do not produce infectious virus. Both of these lines contain defective proviruses but do express the gag and/or env protein. We have measured viral RNA expression in tissues derived from alv6, alv11, and the parental line 0. Total RNA was prepared from 9-day embryo, 16-day embryo, 1-day chicken, and 28-day chicken tissues. Viral RNA was detected by Northern RNA transfer analysis. The results indicate that both alv6 and alv11 chickens express viral RNA in all tissues tested regardless of the stage of development. No viral transcripts were detected in any line 0 (C/E; ev-negative) tissue. The levels of biologically active env glycoprotein correlates with the env RNA levels in both lines. In an in vivo interference assay, alv6, alv11, and line 0 chickens were infected with Rous-associated virus 1 and monitored for viremia, antibody against Rous-associated virus 1, and ALV-induced pathogenesis from 4 to 21 weeks. None of the 61 alv6 chickens contained detectable virus or produced antibody against subgroup A ALV. Virus and/or antibody against subgroup A ALV was detected in 34 of the 43 alv11 chickens, whereas 51 of 52 line 0 birds were viremic and/or produced antibody. ALV-induced pathogenesis was observed predominantly in line 0 chickens (10 of 59), whereas very little ALV-induced pathogenesis was seen in either alv6 (1 of 62) or alv11 (1 of 44) chickens. Presumably the mechanism for the increased resistance of alv6 and alv11 chickens was subgroup-specific receptor interference. These results clearly demonstrate that experimentally introduced endogenous proviruses can be expressed at high levels in the avian system.
Low NO{sub x} options for Group 2 cell-fired boilers (1995)

In the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, Title IV, Acid Rain Control is separated into two Phases and two Groups for NO{sub x} compliance. This paper will discuss one technology developed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy`s Clean Coal Technology program for Phase 2, Group 2 compliance--namely, the Low NO{sub x} Cell burner technology for pulverized coal, cell-fired units. This technology is now offered by Babcock and Wilcox with full commercial guarantees for NO{sub x}. There are 39 originally designed, cell-fired units (27,000 MW{sub e}) which by January 1, 2000 must be retrofitted with low NO{sub x} technology, NO{sub x} averaged with other coal fired units within an owner`s/operator`s system, or retired from service. The body of this paper will describe the development of Low NO{sub x} Cell burner technology and examine six follow-on commercial contracts. The purpose of the paper is to identify similarities and differences in design, fuels, costs, and performance results when compared against the Clean Coal Technology prototype. In January of 1997, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required by the 1990 Amendments to establish NO{sub x} limits for cell-fired boilers. This paper can be referenced as evidence of what is commerciallymore » possible on cell-fired units and help EPA define attainable NO{sub x} limits for Group 2, cell-fired boilers.« less
BONE MARROW-DERIVED DENDRITIC CELL PROGENITORS (NLDC 145+, MHC CLASS II+, B7-1dim, B7-2−) INDUCE ALLOANTIGEN-SPECIFIC HYPORESPONSIVENESS IN MURINE T LYMPHOCYTES1,2 (1995)

The functional maturation of dendritic cells (DC) and other antigen-presenting cells is believed to reflect the upregulation of cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and other T cell co-stimulatory molecules, especially the CD28 ligands B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86). In this study, we propagated cells exhibiting characteristics of DC precursors from the bone marrow (BM) of B10 mice (H-2b; I-A+) in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The methods used were similar to those employed previously to propagate DC progenitors from normal mouse liver. Cells expressing DC lineage markers (NLDC 145+, 33D1+, N418+) harvested from 8-10-day GM-CSF stimulated BM cell cultures were CD45+, heat-stable antigen+, CD54+, CD44+, MHC class II+, B7-1dim but B7-2- (costimulatory molecule-deficient). Supplementation of cultures with interleukin-4 (IL-4) in addition to GM-CSF however, resulted in marked upregulation of MHC class II and B7-2 expression. These latter cells exhibited potent allostimulatory activity in primary mixed leukocyte cultures. In contrast, the cells stimulated with GM-CSF alone were relatively weak stimulators and induced alloantigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in allogeneic T cells (C3H; H-2k; I-E+) detected upon restimulation in secondary MLR. This was associated with blockade of IL-2 production. Reactivity to third-party stimulators was intact. The hyporesponsiveness induced by the GM-CSF stimulated, costimulatory molecule-deficient cells was prevented by incorporation of anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody in the primary MLR and was reversed by addition of IL-2 to restimulated T cells. The findings show that MHC class II+ B7-2- cells with a DC precursor phenotype can induce alloantigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in vitro. Under the appropriate conditions, such costimulatory molecule-deficient cells could contribute to the induction of donor-specific unresponsiveness in vivo.
The role of platelets in the development and complications of atherosclerosis. (1986)

Although lipids have received most attention in relation to atherosclerosis, vessel injury also has a role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Thrombi that form at sites of injury can be incorporated into the wall, causing thickening, and platelets that adhere to damaged vessel walls release a growth factor (PDGF) that stimulates smooth muscle cell proliferation. The early lesions of atherosclerosis are focal and develop around vessel orifices and branches in relation to the patterns of blood flow and areas of increased permeability and endothelial cell damage. Platelets also contribute to the complications of advanced atherosclerosis caused by occlusive thrombi, thromboembolism, and spasm. The causes of vessel wall injury are not established, although there is evidence pointing to disturbed blood flow, hypertension, antigen--antibody complexes, complement, materials originating from platelets and white blood cells, bacteria, endotoxin, viruses, smoking, dietary lipids, homocystinemia, diabetes, other metabolic disorders, and stress. Platelets do not adhere to intact endothelium, but they adhere to the constituents of the subendothelium, release the contents of their granules (including PDGF), and form thromboxanes. If blood flow is disturbed, platelet--fibrin thrombi can form at sites of injury. Platelet adherence to a damaged wall does not require von Willebrand factor except under conditions of high wall shear. Repeated injury of a vessel wall leads to the development of lipid-rich atherosclerotic lesions, even in normocholesterolemic animals, but these lesions do not form if the experimental animals are made thrombocytopenic before injury is induced. Measurable changes in platelets that are associated with the clinical complications of atherosclerosis include shortened survival, release of granule contents (platelet factor 4, beta-thromboglobulin, thrombospondin), formation of thromboxanes, and decreased buoyant density. "Antiplatelet drugs" such as aspirin are proving to be beneficial in selected groups of patients, such as those with unstable angina. Thromboxane synthetase inhibitors and agents that block the thromboxane receptor on platelets are under investigation. Long term administration of "antiplatelet drugs" to affect the rate of development of atherosclerosis seems neither feasible nor desirable. Modification of dietary and smoking habits and control of hypertension are more likely to be beneficial for most individuals.
CLEMMA: the design of a practical configuration librarian (1988)

A configuration management system organizes large software systems and helps maintain those systems over a long lifetime. The problems that arise in the design of such a tool include the manipulation and accurate representation of system configurations, versions and derivation histories. Access control, the large quantities of data, and the evolutionary nature of software development all help to compound the problems. The SAGA (Software Automation, Generation and Administration) project has developed CLEMMA, a configuration librarian. CLEMMA uses relational database technology to provide a powerful but compact configuration management system. It is based on an extended relational model of software development in which components have an object-oriented representation. The authors present the design of CLEMMA and discuss its solutions to the problems of configuration management.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and Implementation of Remote Meter Reading System (2010)

The paper proposes a remote power meter reading system based on Bluetooth and GPRS technology. It introduces the overall structure and work flow of the system, and elaborates on the hardware and software design of the various components in the system. This system is not only used in the electricity sector, but also provides a technical solution for the water meter reading, gas meter reading, smart home and security.
Adsorption of an anionic polyacrylamide on cellulosic fibers with pre-adsorbed cationic polyelectrolytes (1990)

Article Adsorption of an anionic polyacrylamide on cellulosic fibers with pre-adsorbed cationic polyelectrolytes was published on December 1, 1990 in the journal Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal (volume 5, issue 4).
Fast line scan-conversion (1990)

A major bottleneck in many graphics displays is the time required to scan-convert straight line segments. Most manufacturers use hardware based on Bresenham's [5] line algorithm. In this paper an algorithm is developed based on the original Bresenham scan-conversion together with the symmetry first noted by Gardner [18] and a recent double-step technique [31]. This results in a speed-up of scan-conversion by a factor of approximately 4 as compared to the original Bresenham algorithm. Hardware implementations are simple and efficient since the property of using only shift and increment operations is preserved.
Mitochondriopathy in Parkinson Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2006)

The causes of the selective neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are unknown and commonalities among these and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases continue to be sought. Morphologic, biochemical, molecular genetic, and cell/animal model studies suggest that mitochondria might be a convergence point for neurodegeneration. The functions and properties of mitochondria might render subsets of selectively vulnerable neurons intrinsically susceptible to cellular aging and stress. In PD, mutations in putative mitochondrial proteins have been identified recently and mitochondrial DNA mutations have been found in nigral neurons. In ALS, changes occur in mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes and in mitochondrial cell death proteins, indicative of an activation of programmed cell death pathways. Mouse models are beginning to reveal possible principles governing the biology of selective neuronal vulnerability that implicate mitochondria in neuronal death processes ranging from apoptosis to necrosis. This review presents how malfunctioning mitochondria might contribute to neuronal death in PD and ALS.