gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of carbocyanine dye-binding polyanions in malignant and nonmalignant disease states. (1976)

Cancer-related changes in the serum seromucoid fraction are well known. Last year Woodman published an interesting carbocyanine dye binding method for determination of serum carbohydrate polyanions in sera of normal, traumatized, and tumor-bearing mice. The usefulness of this method for clinical practice has been investigated in this study. Carbocyanine dye-binding polyanion (CPA) and the sialidase-sensitive fraction of this polyanion (SPA) have been determined in sera of 705 human subjects including healthy normal individuals and patients suffering from a broad spectrum of malignant and nonmalignant disease states. Overall, in malignant diseases the CPA and SPA values, in mg pectin equivalents per liter (mean +/-2 S.D.) (292 +/- 111 and 135 +/- 68, respectively) were significantly higher than in the serum from normal controls (166 +/- 33; 74 +/- 18) and patients hospitalized with a variety of nonmalignant disease (195 +/- 56; 92 +/- 36). The highest CPA and SPA values were found in gynecological (331 +/- 117; 149 +/- 69), bronchial (294 +/- 72; 137 +/- 51), and gastrointestinal cancers (316 +/- 111; 154 +/- 69). Elevated CPA values were found in 59.9% and elevated SPA values in 52.8% of patients suffering from malignant diseases. Successfully, radically treated cancer patients with no detectable residues or metastases for at least 1 year had values (186 +/- 39; 76 +/-24) almost within the normal ranges (93 to 250 mg pectin equivalents per liter for CPA and 35 to 120 mg pectin equivalents per liter for SPA).
Structural insights into eRF3 and stop codon recognition by eRF1 (2009)

Eukaryotic translation termination is mediated by two interacting release factors, eRF1 and eRF3, which act cooperatively to ensure efficient stop codon recognition and fast polypeptide release. The crystal structures of human and Schizosaccharomyces pombe full-length eRF1 in complex with eRF3 lacking the GTPase domain revealed details of the interaction between these two factors and marked conformational changes in eRF1 that occur upon binding to eRF3, leading eRF1 to resemble a tRNA molecule. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of the eRF1/eRF3/GTP complex suggested that eRF1's M domain contacts eRF3's GTPase domain. Consistently, mutation of Arg192, which is predicted to come in close contact with the switch regions of eRF3, revealed its important role for eRF1's stimulatory effect on eRF3's GTPase activity. An ATP molecule used as a crystallization additive was bound in eRF1's putative decoding area. Mutational analysis of the ATP-binding site shed light on the mechanism of stop codon recognition by eRF1.
Confocal microscopy of whole ovules for analysis of reproductive development: the <i>elongate1</i> mutant affects meiosis II (2005)

Analysis of female meiosis (megasporogenesis) and embryo sac development (megagametogenesis) in angiosperms is technically challenging because the cells are enclosed within the nucellus and ovule tissues of the female flower. This is in contrast to male sporogenesis and gametogenesis where development can readily be observed through the easily dissectable developing anthers. Observation of embryo sac development is a particular problem in crassinucellate ovules such as those of maize. To overcome the problems in observing reproductive development, we developed a simple Feulgen staining procedure optimized for use with confocal microscopy to observe reproductive progression in the crassinucellate ovules of maize. The procedure greatly facilitates the observation of nuclei and cell structures of all stages of megasporogenesis and embryo sac development. The high resolution obtained using the technique enabled us to readily visualize chromosomes from individual cells within ovule tissue samples of maize. A propidium iodide staining technique was also used and compared with the Feulgen-based technique. Static cytometry of relative DNA content of individual nuclei was possible using Imaris software on both Feulgen and propidium iodide-stained samples. The techniques also proved successful for the observation of Arabidopsis and Hieracium aurantiacum female gametophyte and seed development, demonstrating the general applicability of the techniques. Using both staining methods, we analysed the maize meiotic mutant elongate1, which produces functional diploid instead of haploid embryo sacs. The precise defect in meiosis from which diploid embryo sacs arise in elongate1 has not previously been reported. We used confocal microscopy followed by static cytometry using Imaris software to show that the defect by which diploid embryo sacs arise in the maize mutant elongate1 is the absence of meiosis II with one of the dyad cells directly initiating megagametogenesis.
Olfactory Stimuli Increase Presence in Virtual Environments (2016)

Olfactory stimuli increase presence in virtual environments that approximate those typical in exposure therapy, but did not increase EDA. Additionally, once administered, the removal of scents resulted in a disproportionate decrease in presence. Implications for incorporating the use of scents to increase the efficacy of exposure therapy is discussed.
Low complexity method for signal subspace fitting (2004)

A low complexity method for signal subspace fitting is proposed. The novel signal subspace used in the method is spanned by the pre-filters of the multi-stage Wiener filter. Studies and simulations have shown that, when the incident signals are coherent, the new method achieves comparable results with the weighted subspace fitting estimator but requires much lower computational cost.
Adaptive Control of Video Display for Diagnostic Assistance by Analysis of Capsule Endoscopic Images (2006)

In this paper, we present a method for reducing diagnostic time by adaptively controlling the frame rate in a capsule.. endoscopic image sequence. The video sequence, which was capture over 8 hours, requires from 45 minutes to two hours of extreme concentration by examining doctors to make diagnosis. Effectiveness of the method is that the sequence can be played at high..speed in stable regions to save time and then decreased at rough changes that can then help ascertain suspicious findings more..conveniently. To realize such a system, the capturing conditions are classified into groups corresponding to the changing states between two frames. The.. delay time of these frames was calculated by the parametric functions. The optimal parameter set was determined from.. evaluations by medical doctors. We concluded that the average diagnostic time could be reduced from 8 hours down to about 30 minutes.
Polyfunctional CD4+ T cells are essential for eradicating advanced B-cell lymphoma after chemotherapy (2012)

The finding that many chemotherapeutic agents have immunostimulatory effects has provided the impetus to combine chemotherapy and immunotherapy for synergistic antitumor effects. However, the critical determinants of effective antitumor immunity after chemotherapy have not been defined. Here we report that adoptive transfer of tumor-specific CD4⁺ T cells after chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide gave rise to polyfunctional CD4⁺ effector cells, which in turn intensified the inflammatory milieu and enhanced the activation of CD8⁺ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Although this combined chemoimmunotherapy initially resulted in progressive regression of advanced B-cell lymphoma, its therapeutic efficacy was not durable and most mice succumbed to late relapse. Notably, relapse was associated with acquisition of a tolerized phenotype in tumor-specific CD4⁺ T cells, characterized by overexpression of program death-1 (PD-1). Remarkably, effective antitumor immunity was maintained and cure became prevalent when polyfunctional CD4⁺ effector cells were prevented from undergoing PD-1-mediated tolerization, either by antibody blockade of the PD-1-PD-L1 pathway, or targeted ablation of PD-1 in tumor-specific CD4⁺ T cells. Our study suggests that tumor-reactive CD4⁺ T cells act as the "gatekeepers" of the host antitumor immunity in the postchemotherapy setting, thereby their functional status governs the choice between eradication versus regrowth of residual tumors.
MARINE FLUIDIZED BED WASTE HEAT BOILER DESIGN AND OPERATING EXPERIENCE (1979)

The paper describes a project in which a fluidized bed heat exchanger is being used as a marine waste heat boiler for the first time. The shipowner's requirement was to retrofit a waste heat evaporator unit, linked to the existing auxiliary boilers in a 32 000 dwt product tanker to generate saturated steam for carbon heating, tank cleaning, fuel heating and hotel requirements. The waste heat was to be recovered from the exhaust of a 8800 kW (12 000 bhp) slow speed diesel. The paper describes the considerations which led to the choice of the fluidized bed boiler and the problems which were envisaged in transplanting a shore based technology into the marine environment, including the disturbing effect of ship motions on the fluidization of the bed.
Osteoporosis in adults with cystic fibrosis (1998)

Osteoporosis is prevalent in adults with CF Longitudinal data have not been collected and so the natural history is unknown. The aetiology is not known. There are no published randomized controlled trials evaluating treatments for osteoporosis in CF patients.
Modeling Spontaneous Metastasis following Surgery: An <i>In Vivo-In Silico</i> Approach (2015)

Rapid improvements in the detection and tracking of early-stage tumor progression aim to guide decisions regarding cancer treatments as well as predict metastatic recurrence in patients following surgery. Mathematical models may have the potential to further assist in estimating metastatic risk, particularly when paired with in vivo tumor data that faithfully represent all stages of disease progression. Herein, we describe mathematical analysis that uses data from mouse models of spontaneous metastasis developing after surgical removal of orthotopically implanted primary tumors. Both presurgical (primary tumor) growth and postsurgical (metastatic) growth were quantified using bioluminescence and were then used to generate a mathematical formalism based on general laws of the disease (i.e., dissemination and growth). The model was able to fit and predict pre/postsurgical data at the level of the individual as well as the population. Our approach also enabled retrospective analysis of clinical data describing the probability of metastatic relapse as a function of primary tumor size. In these data-based models, interindividual variability was quantified by a key parameter of intrinsic metastatic potential. Critically, our analysis identified a highly nonlinear relationship between primary tumor size and postsurgical survival, suggesting possible threshold limits for the utility of tumor size as a predictor of metastatic recurrence. These findings represent a novel use of clinically relevant models to assess the impact of surgery on metastatic potential and may guide optimal timing of treatments in neoadjuvant (presurgical) and adjuvant (postsurgical) settings to maximize patient benefit.
Modeling of Residual Stress and Machining Distortion in Aerospace Components (2010)

Abstract Modeling will help reduce machining problems and thereby enable more rapid introduction of high-performance materials and components. This article discusses the technical needs of aircraft engine and airframe structural components and modeling of heat-treat-induced residual stress by finite-element residual-stress analysis. It describes the two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) procedures involved in finite-element residual-stress analysis. The article deals with the 2-D and 3-D machining distortion validation on engine-disk-type components. It describes methods for obtaining machining-induced residual stresses, including detailed finite-element analysis of the cutting process, the simple fast-acting mechanistic model, and the semi-empirical linear stress model. The article concludes with information on the modeling benefits and implementation of modeling in a production environment.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligo-2-Pyrimidinone-2'-Deoxyribonucleotides and Oligo-2-Pyrimidinone-2'-Deoxyriboside Methylphosphonates (1996)

A synthetic method was developed for the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides and oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates comprised exclusively of the fluorescent 2-pyrimidinone base for the first time. The method utilized the solid-phase 2-cyanoethylphosphoramidite and methylphosphonamidite chemistry for internucleotide couplings and a baselabile oxalyl linkage to anchor the oligomers onto the CPG support. Cleavage of the oligomers from the support was effected by a short treatment of the support with 5% ammonium hydroxide in methanol at room temperature, without any degradation of the base-sensitive 2-pyrimidinone residues or the base-sensitive methylphosphonate backbone.
161. Some properties of urea, biuret, and triuret (1943)

R. C. Haworth and F. G. Mann, J. Chem. Soc., 1943, 603 DOI: 10.1039/JR9430000603
Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Morphine-Chitosan Nasal Solution in Patients with Moderate to Severe Pain Following Orthopedic Surgery (2007)

By multiple measures of pain intensity and pain relief, IN morphine provides sustained analgesia in postsurgical patients and thus may offer a safe and less invasive alternative to IV morphine.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of 4‐[3,5‐Dioxo‐11‐oxa‐4,9‐diazatricyclo [5.3.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undec‐4‐yl]‐2‐trifluoromethyl‐benzonitriles as Androgen Receptor Antagonists. (2010)

Abstract Based on the common structure of androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, a series of novel diazatricyclic compounds is designed.
Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection favourably affects gastric mucosal superoxide dismutases. (1997)

The raised manganese superoxide dismutase and reduced copper/ zinc superoxide dismutase concentrations and activities in H pylori associated gastritis were reversed towards normal by successful treatment of the infection.
Expression and subcellular localization of cyclin D1 protein in epithelial ovarian tumour cells (1999)

The expression of cyclin D1 protein in tumour sections from 81 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer was analysed using immunohistochemistry. The tumours that overexpressed cyclin D1 in more than 10% of neoplastic cells were considered positive. Thus overexpression of cyclin D1 was observed in 72/81 (89%) of the cases examined. Protein was detected in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm in 24/81 (30%) and localized exclusively in the cytoplasm in 48/81 (59%) of the tumours. Cyclin D1 was overexpressed in both borderline and invasive tumours. There was no association between protein overexpression and tumour stage and differentiation. Furthermore, no correlation between cyclin D1 expression and clinical outcome was observed. However, in tumours overexpressing cyclin D1 (n = 72), the proportion displaying exclusively cytoplasmic localization of protein was higher in those with serous compared with non-serous histology (P = 0.004, odds ratio 4.8, 95% confidence interval 1.4-19.1). Western analysis using a monoclonal antibody to cyclin D1 identified a 36 kDa protein in homogenates from seven tumours displaying cytoplasmic only and one tumour demonstrating both nuclear and cytoplasmic immunostaining. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction and PCR-multiplex analysis, amplification of the cyclin D1 gene (CCND1 was detected in 1/29 of the tumours demonstrating overexpression of cyclin D1 protein. We conclude that deregulation of CCND1 expression leading to both cytoplasmic and nuclear protein localization is a frequent event in ovarian cancer and occurs mainly in the absence of gene amplification.
Cost-Effectiveness of Dabigatran versus Genotype-Guided Management of Warfarin Therapy for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (2012)

The likelihood of genotype-guided anticoagulation service to be accepted as cost-effective would increase if the quality of life on warfarin and dabigatran therapy are compatible and genotype-guided service achieves high TTR (>77%).
Erratum: Influence of Rare-Gas-Configuration Cations on the Absorption Spectra of Nickel(II) Centers in Liquid Chloride and Bromide Salts (1967)

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Stabilizing Fluid-Fluid Displacements in Porous Media Through Wettability Alteration (2015)

The authors experimentally identify the stabilizing effect of wettability in a porous matrix during the immiscible displacement of a viscous fluid (such as oil) by a much less viscous one (such as water). By altering the wettability of the medium from drainage (contact angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$ = 5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}) to imbibition ($\ensuremath{\theta}$ = 120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}), the classical viscous-fingering instability is stabilized and even completely suppressed at low capillary numbers (i.e. low injection rates), making the invading fluid better at pushing out the defending fluid. These results have implications for improving oil recovery, CO${}_{2}$ sequestration, and fuel-cell design.
High-Level dCas9 Expression Induces Abnormal Cell Morphology in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2018)

Along with functional advances in the use of CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing, endonuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) has provided a versatile molecular tool for exploring gene functions. In principle, differences in cell phenotypes that result from the RNA-guided modulation of transcription levels by dCas9 are critical for inferring with gene function; however, the effect of intracellular dCas9 expression on bacterial morphology has not been systematically elucidated. Here, we observed unexpected morphological changes in Escherichia coli mediated by dCas9, which were then characterized using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq). Growth rates were severely decreased, to approximately 50% of those of wild type cells, depending on the expression levels of dCas9. Cell shape was changed to abnormal filamentous morphology, indicating that dCas9 affects bacterial cell division. RNA-Seq revealed that 574 genes were differentially transcribed in the presence of high expression levels of dCas9. Genes associated with cell division were upregulated, which was consistent with the observed atypical morphologies. In contrast, 221 genes were downregulated, and these mostly encoded proteins located in the cell membrane. Further, ChIP-Seq results showed that dCas9 directly binds upstream of 37 genes without single-guide RNA, including fimA, which encodes bacterial fimbriae. These results support the fact that dCas9 has critical effects on cell division as well as inner and outer membrane structure. Thus, to precisely understand gene functions using dCas9-driven transcriptional modulation, the regulation of intracellular levels of dCas9 is pivotal to avoid unexpected morphological changes in E. coli.
The Epidemiology of Vascular Injury in the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan (2011)

In Brief Background: Blood vessel trauma leading to hemorrhage or ischemia presents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after battlefield injury. The objective of this study is to characterize the epidemiology of vascular injury in the wars of Iraq and Afghanistan, including categorization of anatomic patterns, mechanism, and management of casualties. Methods: The Joint Theater Trauma Registry was interrogated (2002–2009) for vascular injury in US troops to identify specific injury (group 1) and operative intervention (group 2) groups. Battle-related injuries (nonreturn to duty) were used as the denominator to establish injury rates. Mechanism of injury was compared between theaters of war and the management strategies of ligation versus revascularization (repair and interposition grafting) reported. Results: Group 1 included 1570 Troops injured in Iraq (OIF) (n = 1390) and Afghanistan (OEF) (n = 180). Mechanism included explosive (73%), gunshot (27%), and other (<1%) with explosive more common in OIF than OEF (P < 0.05). During this period, 13,076 battle-related injuries occurred resulting in a specific rate of 12% (1570 of 13,076), which was higher in OIF than OEF (12.5% vs 9% respectively; P < 0.05). Of group 1, 60% (n = 940) sustained injury to major or proximal vessels and 40% (n = 630) to minor or distal vessels (unknown vessel, n = 27). Group 2 (operative) comprised 1212 troops defining an operative rate of 9% (1212 of 13,076) and included ligation (n = 660; 54%) or repair (n = 552; 46%). Peak rates in OIF and OEF occurred in November 2004 (15%) and August 2009 (11%), respectively and correlated with combat operational tempo. Conclusion: The rate of vascular injury in modern combat is 5 times that reported in previous wars and varies according to theater of war, mechanism of injury and operational tempo. Methods of reconstruction are now applied to nearly half of the vascular injuries and should be a focus of training for combat surgery. Selective ligation of vascular injury remains an important management strategy, especially for minor or distal vessel injuries. Blood vessel trauma leading to hemorrhage or ischemia represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following battlefield injury. This study characterizes the epidemiology of vascular trauma between 2002 and 2009 in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and delineates anatomic patterns of injury, mechanisms of injury and the broad management categories of vascular injuries in 1570 US troops.
Realizing 22.3% EQE and 7-Fold Lifetime Enhancement in QLEDs via Blending Polymer TFB and Cross-Linkable Small Molecules for a Solvent-Resistant Hole Transport Layer (2020)

Poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-<i>alt</i>(4,4'-(<i>N</i>-(4-butylphenyl)))] (TFB) has been widely used as a hole transport layer (HTL) material in cadmium-based quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) because of its high hole mobility. However, as the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of TFB is -5.4 eV, the hole injection from TFB to the quantum dot (QD) layer is higher than 1.5 eV. Such a high oxidation potential at the QD/HTL interface may seriously degrade the device lifetime. In addition, TFB is not resistant to most solvents, which limits its application in inkjet-printed QLED display. In this study, the blended HTL consisting of TFB and cross-linkable small molecular 4,4'-bis(3-vinyl-9<i>H</i>-carbazol-9-yl)1,1'-biphenyl (CBP-V) was introduced into red QLEDs because of the deep HOMO energy level of CBP-V (-6.2 eV). Compared with the TFB-only devices, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of devices with the blended HTL improved from 15.9 to 22.3% without the increase of turn-on voltage for spin-coating-fabricated devices. Furthermore, the blended HTL prolonged the T90 and T70 lifetime from 5.4 and 31.1 to 39.4 and 148.9 h, respectively. These enhancements in lifetime are attributed to the low hole-injection barrier at the HTL/QD interface and high thermal stability of the blended HTL after cross-linking. Moreover, the cross-linked blended HTL showed excellent solvent resistance after cross-linking, and the EQE of the inkjet-printed red QLEDs reached 16.9%.
Compressible boundary-layer density cross sections by UV Rayleigh scattering (1989)

Rayleigh scattering has been used to image density cross sections of a compressible boundary layer for the first time to our knowledge. These cross sections were made from a Mach 2.5 boundary layer by illuminating it with a UV laser sheet from an argon-fluoride laser (193 nm). Since Rayleigh scattering is linearly proportional to density, quantitative values are measured, which leads to new instantaneous and statistical information about the structure of this turbulent field.