gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B-cell display-based one-step method to generate chimeric human IgG monoclonal antibodies (2010)

The recent development of screening strategies based on the generation and display of large libraries of antibody fragments has allowed considerable advances for the in vitro isolation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We previously developed a technology referred to as the 'ADLib (Autonomously Diversifying Library) system', which allows the rapid screening and isolation in vitro of antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from libraries of immunoglobulin M (IgM) displayed by the chicken B-cell line DT40. Here, we report a novel application of the ADLib system to the production of chimeric human mAbs. We have designed gene knock-in constructs to generate DT40 strains that coexpress chimeric human IgG and chicken IgM via B-cell-specific RNA alternative splicing. We demonstrate that the application of the ADLib system to these strains allows the one-step selection of antigen-specific human chimeric IgG. In addition, the production of chimeric IgG can be selectively increased when we modulate RNA processing by overexpressing the polyadenylation factor CstF-64. This method provides a new way to efficiently design mAbs suitable for a wide range of purposes including antibody therapy.
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 transiently enhances expression of a gene, Id (inhibitor of differentiation), encoding a helix-loop-helix molecule in osteoblast-like cells. (1993)

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a potent inducer of differentiation of osteoblasts both in vivo and in vitro. We examined the action of BMP-2 on expression of a helix-loop-helix-type transcription factor, Id (inhibitor of differentiation), in osteoblast-like cells, as well as in osteoblast-enriched cells and possible precursor cells. To our surprise, BMP-2 enhanced Id gene expression in the cell types of osteoblastic lineage we examined. The maximal BMP-2 enhancement was observed within 24 hr in early proliferating cultures and the enhancement lasted up to 96 hr. The BMP-2 effect was not blocked by actinomycin D, while it was blocked by cycloheximide, suggesting that BMP-2 regulates Id gene expression at least in part via posttranscriptional events, which require protein synthesis. Other experiments indicated that BMP-2 did not further enhance Id mRNA levels promoted by dexamethasone, while BMP-2 did not resume the Id mRNA levels suppressed by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Similar BMP-2 enhancement of Id message expression was also observed in osteoblast-enriched fetal rat calvaria cells as well as C3H10T1/2 cells. These results indicate that BMP-2 enhances expression of Id in early cultures of osteoblastic cells and suggest that enhancement of Id expression may somehow be involved in the promotion of differentiation by this cytokine in these osteoblastic cells and in their precursor cells.
Evaluation of a nondiffracting transducer for tissue characterization (2002)

The authors describe a method for estimating backscatter coefficients of excised human liver samples and the RMI413A tissue equivalent phantom, using the J/sub 0/ Bessel nondiffracting transducer. A formula for the calculation of backscatter coefficients that requires only two one-dimensional integrations in addition to one-dimensional Fourier transforms is presented. This equation in combination with backscatter from a J/sub 0/ Bessel nondiffracting beam results in the ability to calculate backscatter coefficients in real time. In addition, estimations of the backscatter coefficients are more distance-independent because of the nonspreading nature of the J/sub 0/ Bessel nondiffracting beam. The present results compare well to those obtained by the conventional focused Gaussian beam transducer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Beam Radiance Estimate for Volumetric Photon Mapping (2008)

Abstract We present a new method for efficiently simulating the scattering of light within participating media. Using a theoretical reformulation of volumetric photon mapping, we develop a novel photon gathering technique for participating media. Traditional volumetric photon mapping samples the in‐scattered radiance at numerous points along the length of a single ray by performing costly range queries within the photon map. Our technique replaces these multiple point‐queries with a single beam‐query, which explicitly gathers all photons along the length of an entire ray. These photons are used to estimate the accumulated in‐scattered radiance arriving from a particular direction and need to be gathered only once per ray. Our method handles both fixed and adaptive kernels, is faster than regular volumetric photon mapping, and produces images with less noise.
The Activist Scientist (1996)

The author is professor of Botany at the University of Wisconsin-Madison; senior science advisor of the University of Wisconsin System; and president of the Association for Women in Science, Washington, DC. The era of generous and stable federal funding of science, long taken for granted, is over. In order to stave off encroaching and damaging cuts in funding, many science and technology (S&T) leaders have strongly urged us to learn to communicate with the public and become more engaged in the political process. Although the scientific community has by and large realized that business is not as usual, our response has been spotty. We remain reluctant. Yet it is a forgone conclusion that we must become truly engaged with the fundamental issues and the politics of budget allocation. In recent years, professional scientific societies have become more involved in the political process and have had some successes (witness the FY 1996 NIH appropriation for the full year and at a higher level than that for FY 1995), but much remains to be done by scientists as individuals, and we must apply the know-how gained in 1996 to future budget allocations.
Cooperativity basis for small-molecule stabilization of protein–protein interactions (2019)

A cooperativity framework to describe and interpret small-molecule stabilization of protein-protein interactions (PPI) is presented. The stabilization of PPIs is a versatile and emerging therapeutic strategy to target specific combinations of protein partners within the protein interactome. Currently, the potency of PPI stabilizers is typically expressed by their apparent affinity or EC<sub>50</sub>. Here, we propose that the effect of a PPI stabilizer be best described involving the cooperativity factor, <i>α</i>, between the stabilizer and binding partners in addition to the intrinsic affinity, <i>K</i> <sub>D</sub> <sup>II</sup>, of the stabilizer for one of the apo-proteins. By way of illustration, we combine fluorescence polarization measurements with thermodynamic modeling to determine the <i>α</i> and <i>K</i> <sub>D</sub> <sup>II</sup> for the PPI stabilization of 14-3-3 and TASK3 by fusicoccin-A (FC-A) and validate our approach by studying other PPI-partners of 14-3-3 proteins. Finally, we characterize a library of different stabilizer compounds, and perform structure-activity relationship studies in which molecular changes could be attributed to either changes in cooperativity or intrinsic affinity. Such insights should aid in the development of more effective protein-protein stabilizer drugs.
Risk stratification for knee osteoarthritis progression: a narrative review (2009)

Current data suggests that stratification of risk is feasible to ascertain those at risk for rapid progression using a number of different metrics including knee alignment, meniscal damage, bone marrow lesions and late stage disease. Identifying persons at greatest risk for progression has important implications for clinical trial planning and can enhance study efficiency.
Detection of multiple points of contact on an imaging touch-screen (2012)

Touch-screens have emerged as a very popular technology. Touch-screens pervade all electronic devices from laptops to mobile-phones to advanced security systems, up to such a point that any device that does not use touch-screens is deemed outdated. Touch-screens can be broadly classified into three types - capacitive, resistive and imaging. The major advantage of imaging touch screens is its low cost as compared to its counterparts and their upgradation also involves minimal changes to hardware. In areas where there is no necessity of slim touch-screens, image processing touch screens are of a great asset. Essentially, imaging touch-screens are capable of the same functionalities, if not more, as their slimmer counterparts. This includes the latest trend in touch-screen technology, “multi-touch”. This paper discusses a novel algorithm to detect multiple points of contact on an imaging touch surface. The algorithm was implemented using Java programming language and a high level of accuracy was achieved in detecting multiple finger tip blobs for various experiments conducted.
Study of substrate noise and techniques for minimization (2004)

The effects of substrate noise on analog circuits in a mixed-signal chip are described and analyzed based on measured results. Experimental data from a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS test chip reveals that substrate noise generated by digital circuits couples into analog circuits through circuit asymmetries and device nonlinearity, degrading analog circuit performance. In particular, a delta-sigma modulator shows over 20-dB reduction of signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio (SNDR) in the presence of large toggling digital inverters. To combat the effects of substrate noise, the technique of active substrate noise shaping is investigated. An implementation of active substrate noise shaping on the same test chip demonstrates over 10-dB improvement in SNDR in the 0-20-kHz band of the delta-sigma modulator in the presence of toggling digital inverters emulating I/O drivers. This technique complements existing substrate noise reduction techniques for integrated circuits without a significant penalty in power and does not require modification of analog nor digital circuits.
A Cross-Layer Approach for Frame Transmissions of MPEG-4 over the IEEE 802.11e Wireless Local Area Networks (2008)

In this paper, we study MPEG-4 transmissions over the IEEE 802.11e wireless local area networks (WLANs). In (Y. Xiao et al., 2007), we provided a simulation of MPEG-4 using OPNET over WLANs, and simulation results show that a higher throughput does not always mean a better quality of MPEG-4 video. Therefore, in this paper, we propose two schemes to enhance MPEG4 transmissions over WLAN: 1) we propose a prioritized frame cross-layer transmission scheme between the medium access control (MAC) layer and the application layer, and 2) we adopt a measurement admission control scheme for IEEE 802.11e. Simulation results show advantages of the proposed schemes.
Electrical properties of deep silver- and iron-related centres in silicon (1984)

Deep-level defects related to silver and iron in n- and p-type silicon have been investigated using deep-level transient capacitance spectroscopy. In n-type silicon, a silver-related electron trapping state at Ec-0.54 eV was observed, whilst in p-type silicon a hole-trapping state at Ev+0.29 eV was dominant, in agreement with values previously assigned to acceptor and donor states respectively. In iron-diffused silicon, a hole-trapping level at Ev+0.32 eV was observed in the p-type samples. All of these defects were passivated by reaction with atomic hydrogen, and concentration profiles for the two silver-related centres were measured as functions of the temperature of the exposure to the hydrogen plasma. Gamma irradiation produced an additional silver-related hole-trapping level at Ev+0.48 eV, and an iron-related hole-trapping level at Ev+0.39 eV in p-type samples. Both of these centres have been observed in doped samples quenched from 1175 degrees C. Finally, the room-temperature motion of the silver-related hole-trapping (donor) centre (Ev+0.29 eV) under the influence of the electric field in reverse-biased junction diodes is reported. An estimate for the mobility of 2*10-14 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 25 degrees C was obtained for the centres associated with this level.
The Composition of Bovine Milk Lipids: January 1995 to December 2000 (2002)

Data from recent publications on bovine milk lipids are presented and discussed. This includes extraction of lipids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, other complex lipids, sterols, isoflavones, and fatty acids. Improved gas-liquid and high performance liquid chromatography were used. Data on the trans and cis isomers of fatty acid and of conjugated linoleic acids are given, and the analyses are described. Papers about the lipids in milks and dairy products from the United States are few; where with the exception of trans-fatty acid isomers and conjugated linoleic acids, almost no research has been reported.
Tryptophan and the biosynthesis of nicotinamide (1949)

Therehasbeenmuchdiscussionastohowtryptophan were hitherto unidentified cocci growing on agar in minute affects nicotinamide metabolism. It is generally colonies, various strains of streptococci, staphylococce and believed that a direct conversionofgtryptophanerl colifonrm bacilli. Their relative frequency in the caecum bicotina aide tadkes place and many er periments contentwasabout 8000: 160: 80: 1,respectively. In addition, e bn c d ot t e a number of other organisms (acidophilus, Proteus, Gram- convebion. Eringer out AbdelucKdadetherout9e ob-this positive cocCi and diplococci, Gram-negative oval cocci and conversion. Ellinger &Z Abdel Kader (1949c) ob-Gram-positive bacilli) were occasionally found. The E. coli served that in E8cherichia coli the biosynthesis of used were the strains 3c and 4c isolated from human and rat nicotinanide from amamonium lactate and ornithine faeces respectively, which were classified as type I faecal was completely inhibited by DL-2-, 4-, 5-and 7-(Ministry of Health, 1939). The bacteria were grown on agar methyltryptophans in 2 mm-concentrations, gowth slopes and fresh cultures were made in ammonium lactate not being affected. This inhibition suggested, in for inoculation. the light of Fildes's (1940) theory of metabolite Six rats used in the in vsvo experiments were cross breds antagonism, that tryptophan is actively involved from the hooded Lister stock and P. Ellinger's albino stock, in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide. Heidelberger, of both sexes, about 4 months old and weighing 280-320 g.
Actin depolymerizing factor and cofilin phosphorylation dynamics: Response to signals that regulate neurite extension (1998)

The actin assembly-regulating activity of actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/ cofilin is inhibited by phosphorylation. Studies were undertaken to characterize the signaling pathways and phosphatases involved in activating phosphorylated ADF (pADF), emphasizing signals related to neuronal process extension. Western blots using antibodies to ADF and cofilin, as well as an ADF/cofilin phosphoepitope-specific antibody characterized in this paper, were used to measure changes in the phosphorylation state and phosphate turnover of ADF/cofilin in response to inhibitors and agents known to influence growth cone motility. Increases in both [Ca2+]i and cAMP levels induced rapid pADF dephosphorylation in HT4 and cortical neurons. Calcium-dependent dephosphorylation depended on the activation of protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B), while cAMP-dependent dephosphorylation was likely through activation of PP1. Growth factors such as NGF and insulin also induced rapid pADF/pcofilin dephosphorylation, with NGF-stimulated dephosphorylation in PC12 cells correlated with the translocation of ADF/cofilin to ruffling membranes. Of special interest was the finding that the rate of phosphate turnover on both pADF and pcofilin could be enhanced by growth factors without changing net pADF levels, demonstrating that growth factors can activate bifurcating pathways that promote both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of ADF/cofilin. All experimental results indicated that dynamics of phosphorylation on ADF and cofilin are coordinately regulated. Signals that decreased pADF levels are associated with increased process extension, while agents that increased pADF levels, such as lysophosphatidic acid, inhibit process extension. These data indicate that dephosphorylation/activation of pADF is a significant response to the activation of signal pathways that regulate actin dynamics and alter cell morphology and neuronal outgrowth.
Laser Phase Noise in Coherent and Differential Optical Transmission Revisited in the Polar Domain (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We revisit the treatment of laser phase noise, with particular application to coherent and differential phase-shift keyed (PSK) systems, developing a considerably simplified yet very accurate analysis based on the <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">phase-noise exponent commutation</emphasis> (PNEC) premise that the receive filtering may be effectively applied in the polar (angular) domain and treating for the first time arbitrary transmit pulses (e.g., return to zero) and optical filter responses (still without intersymbol interference). The PNEC concept directly implies that the angle of the PSK and differential PSK decision statistic is Gaussian distributed, which is verified numerically as very accurate, by means of importance-sampling-based Monte Carlo simulations. </para>
The Orthogonal Constraints Problem with the Constraint Approach to Proxy-based Volume Haptics and a Solution (2005)

Recently the constraint approach to proxy-based volume haptics was introduced which provided a stable and effective means of conveying information about volumetric data through a haptic instrument. In this paper we present a proof that the approach is incapable of handling nonorthogonal constraints and discuss the implications of this restriction in detail. We also describe how full utilization of haptics applications in which multiple properties are used to enhance the understanding of complex data requires the use of non-orthogonal constraints. We then show how proxybased volume haptics can be modified to allow for general constraints through the introduction of haptic primitives used to model the constraints. By balancing the forces exerted by the primitives on the proxy continuously, nonorthogonal constraints can be handled.
Oxidative stability of black cumin (<i>Nigella sativa</i> L.), coriander (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i> L.) and niger (<i>Guizotia abyssinica</i> Cass.) crude seed oils upon stripping (2004)

Abstract Information on stability of edible oils is important for predicting the quality deterioration of the oil during storage and marketing. Stripping of crude oils removes most of non‐triacylglycerol components, including polar lipids and phenolics. Oxidative stability of black cumin ( Nigella sativa L.), coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.) and niger ( Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) crude and stripped seed oils was investigated and compared. The factors influencing the oxidative stability of different seed oils were also discussed. Oil samples were stored under accelerated oxidation conditions for 21 d. The progress of oxidation at 60 °C was followed by recording the ultraviolet absorptivity and measuring the formation of oxidative products (peroxide and p ‐anisidine values). Inverse relationships were noted between peroxide values and oxidative stabilities and also between secondary oxidation products, measured by p ‐anisidine value and stabilities at termination of the storage. Absorptivity at 232 nm and 270 nm increased gradually with the increase in time, due to the formation of conjugated dienes and polyenes. In general, oxidative stabilities of crude oils were stronger than their stripped counterparts and the order of oxidative stability was as follows: coriander > black cumin > niger seed. Levels of polar lipids in crude oils correlated with oxidative stability. Thus, the major factor that may contribute to the better oxidative stability of crude oils was the carry‐over of their polar lipids.
B2B E-Commerce Hubs: Towards a Taxonomy of Business Models (1999)

DCS can be used to detect differences in CA for ECMO patients with neurological injuries compared to uninjured patients using WCA.
Accurate Expressions of Mutual Inductance and Their Calculation of Archimedean Spiral Coils (2019)

Considering the helicity of Archimedean spiral coils, this paper proposes accurate expressions of mutual inductance and their numerical calculation methods, which can be applied in the wireless power transmission field, etc. Accurate expressions of mutual inductance are deduced respectively for two coils that are coaxial, laterally misaligned, or non-parallel, and numerical calculations are performed using Gaussian integration as well. In the case of coaxial coils, the calculation results are verified by the 3D finite element method (3D FEM) and compared with the results gained by the traditional method that approximates two spiral coils to two clusters of series-connected circular coils ignoring helicity. The comparison of the three methods shows that results achieved by the proposed expression are close to that of 3D FEM, while there is increasing error with the screw pitches of the coils when using the traditional circular coil approximation method. The influence of relative position on the mutual inductance of the two coils is also studied and it is further explained through magnetic field distribution. Finally, the validity of the proposed expressions of mutual inductance is verified by experimental results.
HIV Protease Inhibitors and Hyperlipidemia (2005)

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Organic semiconductors (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTOrganic semiconductorsNorman J. Juster Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 10, 547Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1963Published inissue 1 October 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/ed040p547RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views937Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (8 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts