gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4‐Cyano‐6,7‐dimethoxycarbostyrils with Solvent‐ and pH‐Independent High Fluorescence Quantum Yields and Emission Maxima (2007)

Abstract Highly fluorescent and stable 6,7‐dimethoxy‐2‐oxoquinoline‐4‐carbonitriles ( 11 ) were synthesized starting from appropriate 4‐hydroxyquinolones 3 via reactive 4‐chloroquinolones 8 by using toluenesulfinates as catalysts. In contrast to the well‐described 4‐trifluoromethyl‐substituted analogues 18 , N ‐substituted derivatives 11 fluoresce in water, polar, and apolar solvents in a narrow 430–440‐nm window with almost constant quantum yield of 0.5. Equal excitation is possible in the broad double maximum between 385 and 410 nm yielding identical data between pH 1 and 11. These properties could lead to a broadly usable fluorescence standard. N ‐Alkylation with bromoacetate yields ester 13 in good yields. Reactive succinimidoyl (OSu) ester 15 was prepared by saponification to acid 14 . With amino acids or peptides, linking to labeled derivatives 17 was achieved under mild conditions in slightly basic aqueous media. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
F.B. Welbourn and B.A. Ogot: A place to feel at home: a study of two independent churches in western Kenya. xv, 157 pp., 4 plates. london, etc.: Oxford University Press, 1966. 35<i>s</i>. (1968)

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10.4 A 1.22TOPS and 1.52mW/MHz augmented reality multi-core processor with neural network NoC for HMD applications (2014)

Augmented reality (AR) is being investigated in advanced displays for the augmentation of images in a real-world environment. Wearable systems, such as head-mounted display (HMD) systems, have attempted to support real-time AR as a next generation UI/UX [1-2], but have failed, due to their limited computing power. In a prior work, a chip with limited AR functionality was reported that could perform AR with the help of markers placed in the environment (usually 1D or 2D bar codes) [3]. However, for a seamless visual experience, 3D objects should be rendered directly on the natural video image without any markers. Unlike marker-based AR, markerless AR requires natural feature extraction, general object recognition, 3D reconstruction, and camera-pose estimation to be performed in parallel. For instance, markerless AR for a VGA input-test video consumes ∼1.3W power at 0.2fps throughput, with TI's OMAP4430, which exceeds power limits for wearable devices. Consequently, there is a need for a high-performance energy-efficient markerless AR processor to realize a real-time AR system, especially for HMD applications.
Potential utility of natural products as regulators of breast cancer-associated aromatase promoters (2011)

Aromatase, the key enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis, converts androstenedione to estrone and testosterone to estradiol. The enzyme is expressed in various tissues such as ovary, placenta, bone, brain, skin, and adipose tissue. Aromatase enzyme is encoded by a single gene CYP 19A1 and its expression is controlled by tissue-specific promoters. Aromatase mRNA is primarily transcribed from promoter I.4 in normal breast tissue and physiological levels of aromatase are found in breast adipose stromal fibroblasts. Under the conditions of breast cancer, as a result of the activation of a distinct set of aromatase promoters (I.3, II, and I.7) aromatase expression is enhanced leading to local overproduction of estrogen that promotes breast cancer. Aromatase is considered as a potential target for endocrine treatment of breast cancer but due to nonspecific reduction of aromatase activity in other tissues, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are associated with undesirable side effects such as bone loss, and abnormal lipid metabolism. Inhibition of aromatase expression by inactivating breast tumor-specific aromatase promoters can selectively block estrogen production at the tumor site. Although several synthetic chemical compounds and nuclear receptor ligands are known to inhibit the activity of the tumor-specific aromatase promoters, further development of more specific and efficacious drugs without adverse effects is still warranted. Plants are rich in chemopreventive agents that have a great potential to be used in chemotherapy for hormone dependent breast cancer which could serve as a source for natural AIs. In this brief review, we summarize the studies on phytochemicals such as biochanin A, genistein, quercetin, isoliquiritigenin, resveratrol, and grape seed extracts related to their effect on the activation of breast cancer-associated aromatase promoters and discuss their aromatase inhibitory potential to be used as safer chemotherapeutic agents for specific hormone-dependent breast cancer.
A non-contact lie detector using radar vital signs monitor (RVSM) technology (2001)

Traditional lie detector testing requires the subject to be physically attached to a variety of sensors. This is impractical for scenarios such as checkpoints where a large number of individuals are entering at a high rate, necessitating the employment of other methods. Currently, checkpoint officers must make a quick decision to determine if an individual is being deceptive, and if, in turn, they should be searched. The remote detection of deception (RDD) concept uses a non-contact sensor to obtain physiological information that can be used to aid the checkpoint officer's decision. Such a device must be able to sense physiological signals from the body that may indicate deception in an unobtrusive and non-contact manner.
Three-phase neutral point clamped converter based on space vector PWM (2004)

A three-phase two-leg neutral point clamped converter with space vector pulsewidth modulation scheme (SVPWM) is presented for power factor correction. The adopted three-level converter has less power switches compared to the conventional three-level three-leg converter. Only eight power switches and four clamping diodes with voltage stress of half DC bus voltage are adopted in the circuit configuration. A space vector pulsewidth modulation scheme is adopted to reduce the switching state of power switches. Based on the adopted control scheme, a proper voltage vector is generated on the AC terminal for drawing the sinusoidal line currents with unity power factor. The simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Towards systematic design of enterprise networks (2008)

Enterprise networks are important, with size and complexity even surpassing carrier networks. Yet, the design of enterprise networks is ad-hoc and poorly understood. In this paper, we show how a systematic design approach can handle two key areas of enterprise design: virtual local area networks (VLANs) and reachability control. We focus on these tasks given their complexity, prevalence, and time-consuming nature. Our contributions are three-fold. First, we show how these design tasks may be formulated in terms of network-wide performance, security, and resilience requirements. Our formulations capture the correctness and feasibility constraints on the design, and they model each task as one of optimizing desired criteria subject to the constraints. The optimization criteria may further be customized to meet operator-preferred design strategies. Second, we develop a set of algorithms to solve the problems that we formulate. Third, we demonstrate the feasibility and value of our systematic design approach through validation on a large-scale campus network with hundreds of routers and VLANs.
Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) attachment and fusion proteins protects hamsters from challenge with human PIV3 and RSV (2003)

Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the main causes of ubiquitous acute respiratory diseases of infancy and early childhood, causing 20-25 % of pneumonia and 45-50 % of bronchiolitis in hospitalized children. The primary goal of this study was to create an effective and safe RSV vaccine based on utilizing attenuated bovine PIV3 (bPIV3) as a virus vector backbone. bPIV3 had been evaluated in human clinical trials and was shown to be attenuated and immunogenic in children as young as 2 months of age. The ability of bPIV3 to function as a virus vaccine vector was explored further by introducing the RSV attachment (G) and fusion (F) genes into the bPIV3 RNA genome. The resulting virus, bPIV3/RSV(I), contained an insert of 2900 nt, comprising two translationally competent transcription units. Despite this increase in genetic material, the virus replicated to high titres in Vero cells. This recombinant virus expressed the RSV G and F proteins sufficiently to evoke a protective immune response in hamsters upon challenge with RSV or human PIV3 and to elicit RSV neutralizing and PIV3 haemagglutinin inhibition serum antibodies. In effect, a bivalent vaccine was produced that could protect vaccinees from RSV as well as PIV3. Such a vaccine would vastly reduce the respiratory disease burden, the associated hospitalization costs and, most importantly, decrease morbidity and mortality of infants, immunocompromised individuals and the elderly.
A Modified, High Yield Procedure for the Synthesis of Unlabeled and 14C-Labeled 4-Methylene-DL-glutamic Acid (1981)

This paper describes the complete chemical synthesis of 4-methylene-DL-glutamic acid from diethylmalonate, formaldehyde and diethyl acetamidomalonate. The amino acid was obtained pure following ion-exchange chromatography and/or crystallization from hot water in an overall yield of 30% based on the amount of diethylmalonate used. Several physico-chemical characteristics of the synthetic compound were determined, including ir and pmr spectra, chromatography on paper, retention time on an amino acid analyzer, pK values and melting point; all properties of the synthetic material were found to be identical to those seen with the naturally occurring L-isomer. The procedure for obtaining gram quantities of the unlabeled compound has also been modified for the synthesis of high specific activity (10.6 mCi/mol) 4-methylene-[2-14C]-DL-glutamic acid.
Mediation of Neuronal Apoptosis by Kv2.1-Encoded Potassium Channels (2003)

Cellular K+ efflux is a requisite event in the unfolding of apoptosis programs across many types of cells and death-inducing stimuli; however, the molecular identities of the ion channels mediating this key event have remained undefined. Here, we show that Kv2.1-encoded K+ channels are responsible for the expression of apoptosis in cortical neurons in vitro. Transient expression of two different dominant-negative forms of this subunit in neurons completely eliminated the enhancement of K+ currents that normally accompanies the cell death process. Importantly, neurons deficient in functional Kv2.1-encoded K+ channels were protected from oxidant and staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Finally, Chinese hamster ovary cells, which do not express endogenous voltage-gated K+ channels, became substantially more sensitive to apoptosis after transient expression of wild-type Kv2.1. These results suggest that Kv2.1-encoded K+ channels are necessary for the apoptotic signaling cascade in mammalian cortical neurons in culture and are sufficient for increasing the susceptibility to apoptogens in a nonexcitable cell.
VMON-Virtual Environment application monitoring (2013)

Hardware Virtualization is the technology that is predominantly used in cloud computing. It allows sharing of the hardware resources like CPU, RAM, Network, etc, among multiple operating system (OS) instances. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a type of cloud computing which exploits the advantages of hardware virtualization. There are two categories of IaaS providers, public cloud and private cloud. Public cloud providers have a flexible cost based resources sharing system. In case of a private cloud, importance is given to the utilization of the resource available to a maximum extent, rather than limiting the resources for each OS. Hence, each virtual operating system (Guest OS) is configured with maximum possible resource and virtualizing operating system (Host OS) will dynamically allocate the resources based on request and availability. The use of dynamic resource allocation gives rise to resource crunch when one or more guest OS consume high resource due to a known or an unknown factor. In turn, this causes performance degradation of all other guest OS that are functioning normally. In this paper, we propose a software based host, guest and guest application monitoring system (VMON), that will fetch the resource demands and actual resource of Guest OS and their applications. And then generate graphs that provide the administrators a helping hand to quickly understand the bottle necks and trend in the resource utilization of each guest OS. With this information virtualization administrators can take appropriate action to prevent starvation of all other virtual machines (VM) running in that host. This is done by retrieving and storing the performance data (CPU, Memory and Disk I/O) from the hypervisor, guest OS and applications. Then the stored data is analyzed and aggregated for generating user friendly pictorial representation (multi level pie chart or rings chart). In this paper, we have included an implementation of monitoring system for VMware hypervisor ESXi 5.1. This system will plot a rings chart that will initially give a summarized view and then by clicking on the interested area, an exploded view with details is obtained.
The Small Regulatory RNA SyR1/PsrR1 Controls Photosynthetic Functions in Cyanobacteria  (2014)

Little is known so far about RNA regulators of photosynthesis in plants, algae, or cyanobacteria. The small RNA PsrR1 (formerly SyR1) has been discovered in Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 and appears to be widely conserved within the cyanobacterial phylum. Expression of PsrR1 is induced shortly after a shift from moderate to high-light conditions. Artificial overexpression of PsrR1 led to a bleaching phenotype under moderate light growth conditions. Advanced computational target prediction suggested that several photosynthesis-related mRNAs could be controlled by PsrR1, a finding supported by the results of transcriptome profiling experiments upon pulsed overexpression of this small RNA in Synechocystis sp PCC 6803. We confirmed the interaction between PsrR1 and the ribosome binding regions of the psaL, psaJ, chlN, and cpcA mRNAs by mutational analysis in a heterologous reporter system. Focusing on psaL as a specific target, we show that the psaL mRNA is processed by RNase E only in the presence of PsrR1. Furthermore, we provide evidence for a posttranscriptional regulation of psaL by PsrR1 in the wild type at various environmental conditions and analyzed the consequences of PsrR1-based regulation on photosystem I. In summary, computational and experimental data consistently establish the small RNA PsrR1 as a regulatory factor controlling photosynthetic functions.
The Direct Determination of Shear Stress‐Shear Rate Behavior of Foods in the Presence of a Yield Stress (1963)

SUMMARY The yield stress of food materials plays an important role in their Row characteristics. It is possible to determine the yield stress from the shear stress‐shear rate data determined from a narrow‐gap viscometer and applying Casson's equation. The yield stress determined in this manner checked with the yield stress determined from the torque exerted on a serrated cylinder at rest. However, the yield stress for applesauce and tomato purée is much lower with a single‐cylinder viscometer than with a narrow‐gap viscometer. This is apparently due to disruption of suspension aggregates under shear, with the release of entrapped fluid at the cylinder wall. It is expected that materials in which large amounts of entrapped fluid are released under shear will not exhibit this phenomenon. The shear stress vs. shear rate data from the narrow‐gap viscometer could be fitted by a power‐law equation.
Enhancement of Cellulase Activity by Clones Selected from the Combinatorial Library of the Cellulose-Binding Domain by Cell Surface Engineering (2006)

To improve the cellulolytic activity of a yeast strain displaying endoglucanase IotaIota (EG II) from Trichoderma reesei, a combinatorial library of the cellulose-binding domain (CBD) of EG II was constructed by using cell surface engineering. When EG II degrades celluloses, CBD binds to cellulose, and its catalytic domain cleaves the glycosidic bonds of cellulose. CBD had a flat face, composed of five amino acids for binding. It was supposed that the three hydrophobic amino acid residues of the five amino acid residues were essential for binding to cellulose. Therefore, by improving the two remaining amino acid residues, construction of mutants with a combinatorial library of the two amino acids in CBD was carried out and binding ability and hydrolysis activity were measured. In the first screening by halo assay using the Congo Red staining method, about 200 of the 2000 colonies formed clear halos, and then five colonies with the clearest halos were finally selected. In the second screening, the binding ability of the five mutants to phosphoric acid-swollen Avicel was measured. In addition, the measurement of hydrolysis activity toward carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) using the screened mutants was carried out. As a result, the mutated EG II exhibiting higher binding ability (1.5-fold) had higher hydrolysis activity (1.3-fold) compared to the parent EG II-displaying yeast cell, demonstrating that CBD has confirmatively some effect on the cellulase activity through its binding ability of the enzyme to cellulose.
Ductile reinforced concrete frames (1975)

The 1971 building code of the American Concrete Institute contains an appendix with special provisions for the seismic design of reinforced concrete structures. The provisions are based on the code of the Structural Engineers' Association of California and on research evidence and studies of damage to buildings. This paper comments on a number of the provisions for reinforced concrete frames and where necessary indicates where improvements appear to be required. The comments on flexural members and columns cover curvature ductility factors resulting from the flexural steel provisions, the transverse steel required for shear strength, concrete confinement, and restraint against buckling of compression bars, and the affect of cyclic loading. The comments on columns also cover the avoidance of plastic hinges in columns by taking into account the probable distribution of bending moments during dynamic excitation and biaxial bending. The comments on beam-column connections touch on the design of shear reinforcement for joint cores. Some observations on capacity design, and suggestions for capacity design procedures, are also made.
Detection of fecal DNA methylation for colorectal neoplasia: does it lead to an optimal screening test? (2006)

Aberrant promoter methylation, an 'epigenetic' form of genomic instability that leads to transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes, is increasingly being recognized as a crucial component in the evolution of human cancers. With our limited knowledge of the molecular basis and timing of the initiation of altered methylation events in the stepwise progression of cancers, the biggest challenge we currently face is to identify novel biomarkers and technologies for the timely screening of patients carrying such alterations. One such strategy would be to develop tests for the detection of fecal DNA methylation patterns that will improve the sensitivity of noninvasive screening tests for colorectal neoplasia, and moreover, will decrease both mortality and the incremental costs of treating colorectal cancers.
Minocycline Reduces Traumatic Brain Injury-mediated Caspase-1 Activation, Tissue Damage, and Neurological Dysfunction (2001)

We show for the first time that caspase-1 and caspase-3 activities localize specifically within neurons after experimental brain trauma. Further, these results indicate that minocycline is an effective pharmacological agent for reducing tissue injury and neurological deficits that result from experimental TBI, likely through a caspase-1-dependent mechanism. These results provide an experimental rationale for the evaluation of minocycline in human trauma patients.
CIR based soft handover for UTRA FDD uplink (2002)

This paper addresses the potential benefits of using CIR based soft handover schemes for the UTRA WCDMA uplink. The objective is to find out whether additional improvement in cellular coverage and capacity can be achieved over gain based handover methods. Capacity, outage probability, throughput, interference and active set update rate serve as the basis for comparison. The system model implements in great detail the logical channel structure of the WCDMA air interface as specified by 3GPP and takes into account non uniform traffic load conditions to conduct the study.
The Antiviral Efficacy of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8 <sup>+</sup> T Cells Is Unrelated to Epitope Specificity and Is Abrogated by Viral Escape (2006)

CD8(+) T lymphocytes appear to play a role in controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, yet routine immunological assays do not measure the antiviral efficacy of these cells. Furthermore, it has been suggested that CD8+ T cells that recognize epitopes derived from proteins expressed early in the viral replication cycle can be highly efficient. We used a functional in vitro assay to assess the abilities of different epitope-specific CD8+ T-cell lines to control simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication. We compared the antiviral efficacies of 26 epitope-specific CD8+ T-cell lines directed against seven SIV epitopes in Tat, Nef, Gag, Env, and Vif that were restricted by either Mamu-A*01 or Mamu-A*02. Suppression of SIV replication varied depending on the epitope specificities of the CD8+ T cells and was unrelated to whether the targeted epitope was derived from an early or late viral protein. Tat(28-35)SL8- and Gag(181-189)CM9-specific CD8+ T-cell lines were consistently superior at suppressing viral replication compared to the other five SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell lines. We also investigated the impact of viral escape on antiviral efficacy by determining if Tat(28-35)SL8- and Gag(181-189)CM9-specific CD8+ T-cell lines could suppress the replication of an escaped virus. Viral escape abrogated the abilities of Tat(28-35)SL8- and Gag(181-189)CM9-specific CD8+ T cells to control viral replication. However, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot and IFN-gamma/tumor necrosis factor alpha intracellular-cytokine-staining assays detected cross-reactive immune responses against the Gag escape variant. Understanding antiviral efficacy and epitope variability, therefore, will be important in selecting candidate epitopes for an HIV vaccine.