gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pic, an Autotransporter Protein Secreted by Different Pathogens in the<i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>Family, Is a Potent Mucus Secretagogue (2010)

A hallmark of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) infection is a formation of biofilm, which comprises a mucus layer with immersed bacteria in the intestines of patients. While studying the mucinolytic activity of Pic in an in vivo system, rat ileal loops, we surprisingly found that EAEC induced hypersecretion of mucus, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of mucus-containing goblet cells. Interestingly, an isogenic pic mutant (EAEC Δpic) was unable to cause this mucus hypersecretion. Furthermore, purified Pic was also able to induce intestinal mucus hypersecretion, and this effect was abolished when Pic was heat denatured. Site-directed mutagenesis of the serine protease catalytic residue of Pic showed that, unlike the mucinolytic activity, secretagogue activity did not depend on this catalytic serine protease motif. Other pathogens harboring the pic gene, such as Shigella flexneri and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), also showed results similar to those for EAEC, and construction of isogenic pic mutants of S. flexneri and UPEC confirmed this secretagogue activity. Thus, Pic mucinase is responsible for one of the pathophysiologic features of the diarrhea mediated by EAEC and the mucoid diarrhea induced by S. flexneri.
Synthesis and Characterization of Spinoxin Analogs with Disulfide Bond Deletion (2013)

Corrosion of metals induces enormous loss of material performance and increase of cost, which has been a common and intractable issue that needs to be addressed urgently. Coating technology has been acknowledged to be the most economic and efficient approach to retard the metal corrosion. For several decades, polymers have been recognized as an effective anticorrosion coating material in both industries and scientific communities, as they demonstrate good barrier properties, ease of altering properties and massive production. Nanomaterials show distinctively different physical and chemical properties compared with their bulk counterparts, which have been considered as highly promising functional materials in various applications, impacting virtually all the fields of science and technologies. Recently, the introduction of nanomaterials with various properties into polymer matrix to form a polymer nanocomposite has been devoted to improve anticorrosive ability of polymer coatings. In this review article, we highlight the recent advances and synopsis of these high-performance polymer nanocomposites as anticorrosive coating materials. We expect that this work could be helpful for the researchers who are interested in the development of functional nanomaterials and advanced corrosion protection technology.
Le projet de fonds Erythreen de developpement communautaire (2002)

The Eritrea Community Development project was established to provide for poor communities especially in the rural and war-devastated areas. The project provided an important platform for harnessing local input in local development efforts, strengthened the capacity of communities to manage, and implement their own development priorities. The project supported better access to school facilities, health facilities, and health care services; increased access to safe water; and feeder roads increased access to rural communities, markets, and social services. The project supported community-based initiatives to protect and improve the environment. The project used loan funds to improve community livelihood, increase their self-confidence, and economic independence. The construction of market places provided access to the rural population, including urban dwellers, and veterinary clinics increased the access of households. The project developed human resources, expanded private sector employment and growth, and improved basic social and economic infrastructure. The project promoted local governance, transparency, accountability, local capacity building, and sustainability of local services.
Studies on internal structure of tablets. III. Manufacturing of tablets containing microcapsules (1990)

The aim of this study was to establish the best manufacturing conditions for preparation by the direct compression method of tablets which contain microcapsules having a minimal destruction rate of the coating wall, show the same dissolution pattern as microcapsules, and have enough mechanical strength for practical use, and to elucidate the internal structure of the tablets under the best manufacturing conditions. Degree of destruction of the microcapsule wall was evaluated by the dissolution rate of the medicine in the microcapsules. To learn the mechanical strength of tablets, the crushing strength and friability were measured; their internal structure was analyzed by the porosity and pore size distribution. The best manufacturing conditions for the tablets were thus determined, and it was clarified by analysis of the internal structure that these conditions are markedly affected by the flowability of prescribed powders and the packing state at compression.
Studies on stereoselective separations of the "azole'' antifungal drugs ketoconazole and itraconazole using HPLC and SFC on silica-based polysaccharides (1999)

The resolution of ketoconazole and itraconazole enantiomers has been studied in HPLC and SFC on chiral stationary phases based upon substituted polysaccharides with different groups such as 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamates and (R)-phenylethylcarbamate. The separations have been studied particularly in SFC (influence of pressure, temperature, as well as type and percentage of organic modifier). This study shows the advantages of SFC over HPLC for the enantiomeric separation of these antifungal agents.
Collaborative Knowledge Construction through Shared Representations (2005)

This paper is concerned with the question of how activity mediated by shared representations-notations that are manipulated by more than one person during a collaborative task-might constitute knowledge construction activity. The paper begins with a brief review of theoretical perspectives on how representations mediate collaborative knowledge construction, to identify the kinds of events we would look for as evidence of knowledge construction in via a representational medium. Then the paper draws on data from a prior study in which participants collaborated via a graphical representation as well as a verbal "chat" tool, to identify instances of such events and illustrate ways in which the activity of two individuals can be coupled and joined into a larger cognitive (and sometimes knowledge construction) activity distributed across the persons and representations they are manipulating.
Mechanism-based inactivation of dopamine beta-monooxygenase by beta-chlorophenethylamine. (1984)

Functionalization of the beta-carbon of phenethylamines has been shown to produce a new class of substrate/inhibitor of dopamine beta-monooxygenase. Whereas both beta-hydroxy- and beta- chlorophenethylamine are converted to alpha-aminoacetophenone at comparable rates, only the latter conversion is accompanied by concomitant enzyme inactivation ( Klinman , J. P., and Krueger , M. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 67-75). In the present study, the nature of the reactive intermediates leading to dopamine beta-monooxygenase inactivation by beta- chlorophenethylamine has been investigated employing kinetic deuterium isotope effects and oxygen- 18 labeling as tools. Mechanistically significant findings presented herein include: 1) an analysis of primary deuterium isotope effects on turnover, indicating major differences in rate-determining steps for beta-chloro- and beta- hydroxyphenethylamine hydroxylation, Dkcat = 6.1 and 1.0, respectively; 2) evidence that dehydration of the gem-diol derived from oxygen- 18-labeled beta- hydroxyphenethylamine hydroxylation occurs in a random manner, attributed to dissociation of enzyme-bound gem-diol prior to alpha-aminoacetophenone formation; 3) the observation of a deuterium isotope effect for beta- chlorophenethylamine inactivation, Dkinact = 3.7, implicating C--H bond cleavage in the inactivation process; and 4) the demonstration that alpha-aminoacetophenone can replace ascorbic acid as exogenous reductant in the hydroxylation of tyramine. As discussed, these findings support the intermediacy of enzyme-bound alpha-aminoacetophenone in beta- chlorophenethylamine inactivation, and lead us to propose an intramolecular redox reaction to generate a ketone-derived radical cation as the dopamine beta-monooxygenase-inactivating species.
Bone Loss after Initiation of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Patients with Prostate Cancer (2005)

Men with prostate cancer who are initiating ADT have a 5- to 10-fold increased loss of bone density at multiple skeletal sites compared with either healthy controls or men with prostate cancer who are not on ADT, placing them at increased risk of fracture. Bone loss is maximal in the first year after initiation of ADT, suggesting initiation of early preventive therapy.
Controlling HBV Replication <i>in Vivo</i> by Intravenous Administration of Triggered PEGylated siRNA-Nanoparticles (2009)

Harnessing RNA interference (RNAi) to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene expression has promising application to therapy. Here we describe a new hepatotropic nontoxic lipid-based vector system that is used to deliver chemically unmodified small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences to the liver. Anti HBV formulations were generated by condensation of siRNA (A component) with cationic liposomes (B component) to form AB core particles. These core particles incorporate an aminoxy cholesteryl lipid for convenient surface postcoupling of polyethylene glycol (PEG; C component, stealth/biocompatibility polymer) to give triggered PEGylated siRNA-nanoparticles (also known as siRNA-ABC nanoparticles) with uniform small sizes of 80-100 nm in diameter. The oxime linkage that results from PEG coupling is pH sensitive and was included to facilitate acidic pH-triggered release of nucleic acids from endosomes. Nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery results in HBV replication knockdown in cell culture and in murine hydrodynamic injection models in vivo. Furthermore repeated systemic administration of triggered PEGylated siRNA-nanoparticles to HBV transgenic mice results in the suppression of markers of HBV replication by up to 3-fold relative to controls over a 28 day period. This compares favorably to silencing effects seen during lamivudine treatment. Collectively these observations indicate that our PEGylated siRNA-nanoparticles may have valuable applications in RNAi-based HBV therapy.
Recent development of zinc-fluorophores (1998)

Zinc-fluorophores have recently been attracting much interest in biological and environmental applications. How to detect selectively trace Zn2+ with efficient signal transduction is the central problem. Following carbonic anhydrase-based biosensors with fluorescent aromatic sulfonamides, a chemosensor, Zinquin, is now extensively used to study the role of intracellular Zn2+ in cellular biology. New types of zinc-fluorophores, zinc-finger peptides attached with fluorescent dyes and a dansylamide-pendant macrocyclic polyamine, have been developed in 1996. The principles, properties and limitations of these are discussed.
ROP Modeling Using Neural Network and Drill String Vibration Data (2012)

Abstract Vibrations are caused by bit and drill string interaction with formations under certain drilling conditions. They are affected by different parameters such as weight on bit, rotary speed, mud properties, BHA and bit design as well as by the mechanical properties of the formations. During the actual drilling process the bit interacts with different formation layers whereby each of those layers usually have different mechanical properties. Vibrations are also indirectly affected by the formations since weight on bit and rotary speed are usually optimized against changing formations (drilling optimization process). Therefore it can be concluded that for optimized drilling reduction of vibrations is one of the challenges. A fully automated laboratory scale drilling rig, the CDC miniRig, has been used to conduct experimental tests. A three component vibration sensor sub attached to drill string records drill string vibrations and an additional sensor system records the drilling parameters. Uniform concrete cubes with different mechanical properties were built. Those cubes as well as a homogeneous sandstone cube were drilled with different ranges of weight on bit and bit rotary speed. The mechanical properties of all cubes were measured prior to the experiments. During all experiments, drilling parameters and the vibration data were recorded. Based on analyses of the data in the time and the frequency domain, linear and non-linear models were built. For this purpose the interrelations of sandstone and concrete mechanical properties, drilling parameters and vibration data were modeled by neural networks. Application of sophisticated attribute selection methods showed that vibration data in both, time- and frequency domain, have a major impact in modeling the rate of penetration.
Democracia y Liberalismo (1997)

En lo que sigue, se reproducen algunos parrafos seleccionado de autores determinados a los cuales se aplicara un breve comentario teniendo en cuenta principalmente la oposicion entre Democracia y Liberalismo. En cada caso el comentario buscara mostrar la debilidad de la reflexion cuando se despliega sobre el fondo de esta oposicion en terminos demasiado rigidos.
HIV 2 infection among blood donors and other subjects in France (1989)

During a 3 year period, from August 1985 to August 1988, 18 HIV 2-infected blood donors were detected in France as a result of systematic HIV 1 screening. These sera were characterized as HIV 2 by specific Western blot and synthetic peptides. Within the same period, 40 other HIV 2 infected subjects were identified by our study group, independently of blood donations. Thirty of these 58 subjects living in France originate from West Africa (8 blood donors), 3 (I blood donor) are Portuguese men who had lived in West Africa and 25 (9 blood donors) are of French origin; among these, 16 have had a known close contact with West Africa. When HIV 2-infected subjects were asymptomatic, cross reactivity between antibodies to HIV 2 and HIV 1 proteins was generally observed with the two-step ELISA assays using total HIV 1 proteins; it was poor with the competitive assays and variable with the assays using recombinant proteins. When the subjects had signs of immunodeficiency, cross reactivity decreased. The data confirm that HIV 2 is not widespread in France and that most of HIV 2-infected but asymptomatic subjects are recognized by several HIV 1 ELISA assays. Accordingly, systematic screening for HIV 2 with an additional test cannot be recommended at the present time, but a combined HIV 1 and HIV 2 test will be useful when available.
Endocardial and epicardial infarct size after preconditioning by a partial coronary artery occlusion without intervening reperfusion. Importance of the degree and duration of flow reduction (1995)

Thirty or ninety min of severe (70%) but not mild (30%) coronary flow reductions protected against myocardial infarction. The protection by a 70% FR was influenced by the duration of FR as a 30 min 70% FR similarly decreased IA in the endocardial and epicardial halves, while 90 min 70% FR preferentially limited IA in the epicardial half. These findings suggest that perfusion abnormalities immediately preceding an infarction could be an important source of infarct size variability in patients.
On-line current monitoring to diagnose airgap eccentricity in large three-phase induction motors-industrial case histories verify the predictions (1999)

An appraisal of on-line monitoring techniques to detect airgap eccentricity in three-phase induction motors is presented. On-line current monitoring is proposed as the most applicable method in the industrial environment and a novel analysis strategy is explained. The practical details of on-site case histories and analysis of the current spectra for each motor are presented. The results verify that the interpretation of the current spectrum proposed in this paper was successful in diagnosing airgap eccentricity problems in large, high voltage, three-phase induction motors.
<title>Aggregation and degradation of indocyanine green</title> (1994)

The increasing use of indocyanine green (ICG) in tissue solders has prompted us to investigate its properties in aqueous solutions. We have measured the optical absorbance of several ICG solutions over three orders of magnitude of concentration, and have analyzed the data at several different wavelengths. Our data suggest that, first, more than one oligomeric species is present in aqueous ICG solutions (even at fairly low concentrations), and second, that rather than a dimer or trimer, the predominant oligomeric species is an n-mer where n >= 4. Our experiments show that the compounds generated during photodegradation of aqueous ICG are equivalent to those produced during degradation in the absence of light. Our data also confirm that the adsorption of ICG onto human serum albumin (HSA) reduces both aggregation and degradation, but also show that HSA has a finite capacity for this effect. We have used thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to study the nature of the degradation products of ICG. The degradation process is complex, leading to the formation of at least a dozen products.
Cytotoxicity Assays: In Vitro Methods to Measure Dead Cells (2019)

Membrane integrity is the feature most often used to detect whether eukaryotic cells cultured in vitro are alive or dead. Cells that have lost membrane integrity and allow movement of otherwise non-permeable molecules are classified as non-viable or dead. Detection of dead cells is accomplished by measuring movement of molecules either into or out of cells across membranes that have become leaky and cannot be repaired. A major class of molecules that serve as indicators of dead cells include markers that exist in the cytoplasm of viable cells, but leak into the surrounding culture medium upon loss of membrane integrity. The marker can exist naturally such as an enzyme, or be introduced artificially, such as loading radioactive [51Cr] or a fluorescent marker into viable cells. Artificially introduced markers enable selective detection of target cell cytotoxicity for experiments using more than one population of cells such as cell mediated cytotoxicity. A second class of molecules that serves as an indicator of dead cells is referred to as “vital dyes”. These dyes typically are not permeable to viable cells, but can enter dead cells through damaged membranes. Examples include trypan blue and many fluorogenic DNA binding dyes. Addition of these molecules to cells in culture results in selective staining of the dead cells.
Describing and acting process models with PML (1988)

article Free Access Share on Describing and acting process models with PML Author: C. Roberts Praxis Systems PLC, 20 Manvers Street, Bath BAI 1PX Praxis Systems PLC, 20 Manvers Street, Bath BAI 1PXView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering NotesVolume 14Issue 4June 1989 pp 136–141https://doi.org/10.1145/75111.75136Published:01 April 1988Publication History 21citation147DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations21Total Downloads147Last 12 Months16Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Oxidation of H<sub>2</sub>S by Iron Oxides in Unsaturated Conditions (2003)

Previous studies have demonstrated that gas-phase H2S can immobilize certain redox-sensitive contaminants (e.g., Cr, U, Tc) in vadose zone environments. A key issue for effective and efficient delivery of H2S in these environments is the reactivity of the gas with indigenous iron oxides. To elucidate the factors that control the transport of H2S in the vadose zone, laboratory column experiments were conducted to identify reaction mechanisms and measure rates of H2S oxidation by iron oxide-coated sands using several carrier gas compositions (N2, air, and O2) and flow rates. Most experiments were conducted using ferrihydrite-coated sand. Additional studies were conducted with goethite- and hematite-coated sand and a natural sediment. Selective extractions were conducted at the end of each column experiment to determine the mass balance of the reaction products. XPS was used to confirm the presence of the reaction products. For column experiments in which ferrihydrite-coated sand was the substrate and N2 was the carrier gas, the major H2S oxidation products were FeS and elemental sulfur (mostly S8(0), represented as S(0) for simplicity) at ratios that were consistent with the stoichiometry of the postulated reactions. When air or O2 were used as the carrier gas, S(0) became the dominant reaction product along with FeS2 and smaller amounts of FeS, sulfate, and thiosulfate. A mathematical model of reactive transport was used to test the hypothesis that S(0) forming on the iron oxide surfaces reduces access of H2S to the reactive surface. Several conceptual models were assessed in the context of the postulated reactions with the final model based on a linear surface poisoning model and fitted reaction rates. These results indicate that carrier gas selection is a critical consideration with significant tradeoffs for remediation objectives.
Organization of the human genes for insulin‐like growth factors I and II (1986)

Recently, we have reported the isolation of cDNAs encoding the precursors of insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and II) [(1983) Nature 306, 609-611; (1985) FEBS Lett. 179, 243-246. These cDNAs were employed as specific probes to detect and isolate the corresponding genes from human cosmid DNA libraries. Three cosmids were detected, together containing the entire cDNA sequence of IGF-I, and one cosmid containing the sequence of IGF-II cDNA. Southern blot hybridization, physical mapping and nucleotide sequence analysis of these cosmids revealed that the IGF-I and -II genes have a discontinous structure. The IGF-I gene contains at least four exons spanning a region of probably more that 45 kilobasepairs (kb), while the IGF-II gene consists of at least five exons, spanning a region of 16 kb.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel i- and g-Line Sensitive Photoacid Generators Based on 9-Fluorenone Derivatives with Aryl–Ethynyl Units (2012)

Abstract Imino sulfonate photoacid generators (PAGs) sensitive to i- and g-line were synthesized using 9-fluorenone derivatives with aryl–ethynyl units as starting materials. The PAGs exhibited good thermal stability and photoreactivity at 365 (i-line) and 436 nm (g-line) compared with that of an imino sulfonate PAG synthesized from unfunctionalized 9-fluorenone.
Detecting head pose from stereo image sequence for active face recognition (2002)

An approach to detect human head pose by reconstructing 3D positions of facial points from stereo images is proposed for the implementation of an active face recognition system where fast, correct and automatic head pose detection is of critical importance. Four facial points (pupils and mouth corners) are extracted using a simple but efficient method and their three-dimensional coordinates are reconstructed from stereo images. The orientation of the face relative to the camera plane can be computed from the triangular points and thus eliminating the need to know the image vs. model correspondence or the head physical parameters. Errors of pose detection are analyzed and experimental results are shown. Using the head pose detection system, facial images with suitable pose can be selected automatically from the image sequence as input to the face recognition system.