gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Use of MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer (2014)

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although the molecular pathways of lung cancer have been partly known, the high mortality rate is not markedly changed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that actively modulate cell physiological processes as apoptosis, cell-cycle control, cell proliferation, DNA repair, and metabolism. Several studies demonstrated that miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of lung diseases including lung cancer and they negatively regulate gene and protein expression by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs and their target genes in lung tumorigenesis and evaluate their potential use as therapeutic agents in lung cancer. In particular, we describe methodological approaches such as inhibition of oncogenic miRNAs or replacement of tumor suppressor miRNAs, both in in vitro and in vivo assays. Furthermore we discuss new strategies to achieve in vivo tissue specific delivery, potential off-target effects, and safety of miRNAs systemic delivery.
Water-in-oil emollients as steroid-sparing adjunctive therapy in the treatment of psoriasis. (1992)

An open label study of ninety-six patients with chronic plaque-type psoriasis demonstrated the efficacy of the addition of water-in-oil emollients to a topical corticosteroid regimen. Twice daily application of betamethasone dipropionate cream and once daily application of both betamethasone dipropionate cream and either a water-in-oil based moisturizing cream or lotion were equivalent in efficacy (p = 0.05). Once daily application of both betamethasone dipropionate cream and either a water-in-oil based cream or lotion was significantly better than once daily application of betamethasone dipropionate cream alone (p = 0.05). Water-in-oil emollients are useful in the therapy of chronic, plaque-type psoriasis and provide a steroid-sparing effect.
The Dependance of the Detection Limit of Reagent-limited Immunoassay on Antibody Affinity (1995)

Conference Article| May 01 1995 The Dependance of the Detection Limit of Reagent-limited Immunoassay on Antibody Affinity Tony O'Connor; Tony O'Connor 1Department of Biochemistry, Bioresearch Ireland, University College Galway, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Marion M. Kane; Marion M. Kane *National Diagnostics Centre, Bioresearch Ireland, University College Galway, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar James P. Gosling James P. Gosling 1Department of Biochemistry, Bioresearch Ireland, University College Galway, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1995) 23 (2): 393S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst023393s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Tony O'Connor, Marion M. Kane, James P. Gosling; The Dependance of the Detection Limit of Reagent-limited Immunoassay on Antibody Affinity. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1995; 23 (2): 393S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst023393s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1995 Biochemical Society1995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The influence of dysfunctional signaling and lipid homeostasis in mediating the inflammatory responses during atherosclerosis (2015)

Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of myocardial infarction and thrombotic cerebrovascular events, is responsible for the majority of deaths in westernized societies. Mortality from this disease is also increasing at a marked rate in developing countries due to the acquisition of a westernized lifestyle accompanied with elevated rates of obesity and diabetes. Atherosclerosis is recognized as a chronic inflammatory disorder associated with lipid accumulation and the development of fibrotic plaques within the walls of medium and large arteries. A range of immune cells, such as macrophages and T-lymphocytes, through the action of various cytokines, such as interleukins-1 and -33, transforming growth factor-β and interferon-γ, orchestrates the inflammatory response in this disease. The disease is also characterized by marked dysfunction in lipid homeostasis and signaling pathways that control the inflammatory response. This review will discuss the molecular basis of atherosclerosis with particular emphasis on the roles of the immune cells and cytokines along with the dysfunctional lipid homeostasis and cell signaling associated with this disease.
Presence of Nonhemolytic Pneumolysin in Serotypes of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Associated with Disease Outbreaks (2007)

Pneumolysin is an important virulence factor of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Sequence analysis of the ply gene from 121 clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae uncovered a number of alleles. Twenty-two strains were chosen for further analysis, and 14 protein alleles were discovered. Five of these had been reported previously, and the remaining 9 were novel. Cell lysates were used to determine the specific hemolytic activities of the pneumolysin proteins. Six strains showed no hemolytic activity, and the remaining 16 were hemolytic, to varying degrees. We report that the nonhemolytic allele reported previously in serotype 1, sequence type (ST) 306 isolates is also present in a number of pneumococcal isolates of serotype 8 that belong to the ST53 lineage. Serotype 1 and 8 pneumococci are known to be associated with outbreaks of invasive disease. The nonhemolytic pneumolysin allele is therefore associated with the dominant clones of outbreak-associated serotypes of S. pneumoniae.
Guest Editorial Spatial Light Modulators: Critical Issues (1983)

This special issue of Optical Engineering addresses a number of critical issues in the continuing development and characterization of spatial light modulators for optical processing and computing applications.
Studies of the non‐linear rise in intensity if x‐ray line (1980)

Abstract A non‐linear rise in intensity of copper Kα 1 and Kα 2 X‐ray lines has been observed from certain areas of the polycrystalline copper target of a microfocus tube operated at tube currents between 0.1 and 0.5 mA and a tube potential of 13 kV. Under the same conditions the intensity rise of the bremsstrahlung is found to be linear. A functional relationship between total count and tube current has been obtained.
Surface Functionalized Carbogenic Quantum Dots (2008)

Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2296/2008/smll200700578_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Power Distribution System Planning with Demand Uncertainty Consideration (2008)

This paper proposes a method for solving distribution system planning problems taking into account demand uncertainty and geographical information. The proposed method can automatically select appropriate location and size of a substation, routing of feeders, and appropriate sizes of conductors while satisfying constraints, e.g. voltage drop and thermal limit. The demand uncertainty representing load growth is modeled by fuzzy numbers. Feeder routing is determined with consideration of existing infrastructure, e.g. streets and canals. The method integrates planner's experience and process optimization to achieve an appropriate practical solution. The proposed method has been tested with an actual distribution system, from which the results indicate that it can provide satisfactory plans.
Porous fiber formation in polymer-solvent system undergoing solvent evaporation (2006)

Temporal evolution of the fiber morphology during dry spinning has been investigated in the framework of Cahn-Hilliard equation [J. Chem. Phys. 28, 258 (1958)] pertaining to the concentration order parameter or volume fraction given by the Flory-Huggins free energy of mixing [P. J. Flory, Principles of Polymer Chemistry (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1953), p. 672] in conjunction with the solvent evaporation rate. To guide the solvent evaporation induced phase separation, equilibrium phase diagram of the starting polymer solution was established on the basis of the Flory-Huggins free energy of mixing. The quasi-steady-state approximation has been adopted to account for the nonconserved nature of the concentration field caused by the solvent loss. The process of solvent evaporation across the fiber skin-air interface was treated in accordance with the classical Fick’s law [R. B. Bird et al., Transport Phenomena (J. Wiley, New York, 1960), p. 780]. The simulated morphologies include gradient type, hollow fiber type, bicontinuous type, and host-guest type. The development of these diverse fiber morphologies is explicable in terms of the phase diagram of the polymer solution in a manner dependent on the competition between the phase separation dynamics and rate of solvent evaporation.
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (2007)

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a devastating complication of severe renal failure. Recent reports suggest that exposure to gadolinium-containing contrast agents (GCCA) is associated with the occurrence of NSF. The population of patients with ESRD in and around Bridgeport, CT, was studied during an 18-mo period. The incidence of NSF was 4.3 cases per 1000 patient-years. Each radiologic study using gadolinium presented a 2.4% risk for NSF. The association between gadolinium exposure and NSF was highly significant (P < or = 0.001). It is concluded that GCCA exposure is a major risk factor for NSF in the ESRD population. Because of the significant morbidity and mortality with NSF, it is believed that gadolinium exposure should be avoided in patients with ESRD. In the event that exposure cannot be avoided, careful consideration of the potential consequences, including a thorough discussion of the risks and benefits of GCCA, is advised.
MRI measurement of time‐resolved wall shear stress vectors in a carotid bifurcation model, and comparison with CFD predictions (2003)

This is the first report of time-resolved WSS vectors estimated from 3D-MRI data. The technique worked well except in regions of disturbed flow, where the combination with CFD modeling is clearly advantageous.
Epitaxial growth of (001)-oriented titanium nitride thin films by N implantation (1998)

The epitaxial growth process of titanium nitride (TiN) films, formed by implanting nitrogen ions (N2+) with 62 keV into 100-nm-thick Ti films grown on NaCl substrates held at 250 °C, has been studied by transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and elastic recoil detection analysis. It has been revealed that the (001)-oriented TiNy is epitaxially grown by N implantation into the as-grown (03⋅5)-oriented hcp Ti. The TiNy is formed by the transformation of the hcp Ti to (001)-oriented fcc Ti during the N implantation, partially inheriting the atomic arrangement of the square and/or the octahedron of the hcp Ti, as well as the occupation of N in octahedral sites of the fcc Ti. Strain due to the expansion of the lattice and/or the volume of hcp Ti by N implantation can be considered as one of the driving forces for the hcp–fcc transformation of the Ti lattice. The nitriding mechanism of epitaxial Ti thin films is discussed.
Effect of signal sequence alterations on export of levansucrase in Bacillus subtilis (1991)

A series of alterations in the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens levansucrase signal peptide were made by in vitro mutagenesis, and their effect on the secretion of levansucrase in Bacillus subtilis was studied. Some of the alterations resulted in a completely defective signal peptide. These included the removal of positively charged residues from the N-terminus and disruption of the hydrophobic core of the signal peptide either by introducing a charged residue or by deleting five or more amino acids. Analysis of the signal peptide processing-site alterations revealed that small residues are preferred at the -1 and -3 positions. However, a wide variety of amino acids are tolerated at the +1 position.
Effect of rasayanas in the inhibition of lung metastasis induced by B16F-10 melanoma cells. (1997)

Five rasayanas and one of the ingredients Emblica officinalis (EO), were studied for their antimetastatic activity using B16F-10 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 mice. Simultaneous oral administration (50 mg/animal/dose) of Brahma Rasayana (BR) and Aswagandha Rasayana (AR) significantly reduced the lung tumour nodule formation by 71.28% (P < 0.001) and 55.6% (P < 0.001), respectively. Similarly, the lung collagen hydroxyproline content and the serum sialic acid levels were also low in BR treated (4.8 +/- 0.97 ug/m protein; 35.6 +/- 2.6 ug/ml serum) and AR treated animals (6.15 +/- 0.5 ug/mg protein; 56.3 +/- 8.7 ug/ml serum) compared to the untreated controls (10.43 +/- 0.7 ug/mg protein; 161.3 +/- 9.5 ug/ml serum). Narasimha Rasayana (NR), Amrithaprasam (AP), Chyavanaprasam (CP) and Emblica extract (EO) administration had no significant effect in the reduction of lung nodule formation and lung hydroxyproline and serum sialic acid contents which was similar to that of untreated controls. Life span of BR, AR and NR treated animals was found to be significantly increased. These results indicate that BR and AR possess antimetastatic activity against melanoma cells.
Packaging a fiber bragg grating with metal coating for an athermal design (2003)

This paper presents an athermal package to compensate for temperature deviation of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with a metal coating. The metal coating is electroless plated onto the optical fiber to function as a thermal compensator. From the cross section of a thermal compensator used for FBG athermal package, an optical fiber and a metal coating appear. Therefore, in theory, the two-phase constant model is applied in designing the metal coating thickness associated with the effective thermal expansion coefficient and the effective Young's modulus in the composite thermal compensator. As a result, the total variation of Bragg wavelength over the temperature ranging from 30 to 80°C is around 0.05 nm in a new package based upon the concept of a bimaterial device. To the authors' knowledge, the configuration proposed in this paper is probably the simplest bimaterial package design there is.
Über 1.4‐Oxazine, I. Darstellung kondensierter 1.4‐Oxazinone‐(2) durch Umsetzung von <i>o</i>‐Aminophenolen mit α‐Ketoestern (1961)

Abstract o ‐Aminophenole, Aminonaphthole und andere aromatische Hydroxy‐amino‐Verbindungen setzen sich mit α‐Ketocarbonsäureestern in hohen Ausbeuten zu kondensierten 1.4‐Oxazinonen‐(2) um. Diese eignen sich wegen ihrer hervorragenden Kristallisationseigenschaften sowohl zur Charakterisierung aromatischer Hydroxy‐amino‐Verbindungen als auch zur Charakterisierung von α‐Ketoestern.
Simulation studies of multiplexing and demultiplexing performance in ATM switch fabrics (1993)

The authors study multiplexing and demultiplexing performance in a switch fabric used in the ATM testbed of a RACE project. The switch fabric with specified number of input links and output links is built from a number of identical basic switching building blocks. Since the switch fabric is built from identical basic components, modelling of the switch fabric can be simplified without losing generality. Based on the simplified model, simulation techniques are used to study multiplexing and demultiplexing performance in the switch fabric including characteristics of superposed traffic, cell delay and cell loss.
Characterization of rodent models of HIV-gp120 and anti-retroviral-associated neuropathic pain (2007)

A distal symmetrical sensory peripheral neuropathy is frequently observed in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). This neuropathy can be associated with viral infection alone, probably involving a role for the envelope glycoprotein gp120; or a drug-induced toxic neuropathy associated with the use of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors as a component of highly active anti-retroviral therapy. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying drug-induced neuropathy in the context of HIV infection, we have characterized pathological events in the peripheral and central nervous system following systemic treatment with the anti-retroviral agent, ddC (Zalcitabine) with or without the concomitant delivery of HIV-gp120 to the rat sciatic nerve (gp120+ddC). Systemic ddC treatment alone is associated with a persistent mechanical hypersensitivity (33% decrease in limb withdrawal threshold) that when combined with perineural HIV-gp120 is exacerbated (48% decrease in threshold) and both treatments result in thigmotactic (anxiety-like) behaviour. Immunohistochemical studies revealed little ddC-associated alteration in DRG phenotype, as compared with known changes following perineural HIV-gp120. However, the chemokine CCL2 is significantly expressed in the DRG of rats treated with perineural HIV-gp120 and/or ddC and there is a reduction in intraepidermal nerve fibre density, comparable to that seen in herpes zoster infection. Moreover, a spinal gliosis is apparent at times of peak behavioural sensitivity that is exacerbated in gp120+ddC as compared to either treatment alone. Treatment with the microglial inhibitor, minocycline, is associated with delayed onset of hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli in the gp120+ddC model and reversal of some measures of thigmotaxis. Finally, the hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli was sensitive to systemic treatment with gabapentin, morphine and the cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2, but not with amitriptyline. These data suggests that both neuropathic pain models display many features of HIV- and anti-retroviral-related peripheral neuropathy. They therefore merit further investigation for the elucidation of underlying mechanisms and may prove useful for preclinical assessment of drugs for the treatment of HIV-related peripheral neuropathic pain.
Preconditioned conjugate gradient methods for three‐dimensional linear elasticity (1994)

Abstract Finite element modelling of three‐dimensional elasticity problems give rise to large sparse matrices. Various preconditioning methods are developed for use in preconditioned conjugate gradient iterative solution techniques. Incomplete factorizations based on levels of fill, drop tolerance, and a two‐level hierarchical basis are developed. Various techniques for ensuring that the incomplete factors have positive pivots are presented. Computational tests are carried out for problems generated using unstructured tetrahedral meshes. Quadratic basis functions are used. The performance of the iterative methods is compared to a standard direct sparse matrix solver. Problems with up to 70 000 degrees of freedom and small (≪1) element aspect ratio are considered.
The two sides to affirmative action (1996)

F o r t y t w o a unanimous Supreme Court threw out the years ago, but equal' doctrine that had stood since Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. The Warren court ruled that it was unconstitutional to separate the Negro public school children from others on the sole basis of skin color. The ruling continued a legal and policy trend that committed the United States to equal protection in the application of law. It was an important step, but neither Brown v. Board of Education nor indeed any single court ruling can wipe out racial segregation. That calls for a wider campaign to enforce the law, to expand its reach to areas other than public education, to get people of good will behind the Court's declaration of equality, and to get the government to expand the desegregation mandate. All of this is required if we are to break the back of segregation. Two understandings have accompanied the campaign for race neutrality in the observance of law. The first is that the positive use of governmental power is oftentimes necessary--is strategic and pivotal to success. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments alone or together did not guarantee blacks their civil rights. To implement that guarantee, the machinery of the federal government had to be pressed into action. New laws gave the Justice Department and other federal agencies the tools that the 1968 report of the Kerner Commission on Civil Disorders said were indicated to overcome the dual, separate and unequal society. Forty-two years later, however, the guarantee of equal protection is elusive. We still have a largely segregated society: dark urban ghettos surrounded by more privileged whiter suburbs, and now black suburbs, too. The second understanding entailed seeking and galvanizing public support for the moral imperatives behind civil rights laws and policy. Again, the Kerner Commission called for bold, sustained, and coordinated governmental and voluntary efforts to open up to blacks major avenues of the American mainstream---commerce, housing, jobs, schools---as a way of closing the gap between them and whites. The 1964 Civil Rights Act established race-neutral principles and obliged federally financed institutions to stop discriminating on pain of loss of funding. The Justice Department joined with civil rights organizations to challenge segregated institutions. Early court decisions struck down unvalidated job tests; executive orders and EEOC guidelines embraced goals and timetables as the measure of affirmative action. In higher education, the rise of affirmative acdon caused scrutiny of hiring decisions, admissions, and tenure patterns with the objective of speeding up
Interlayer Interactions Induced by Amphiphilicities of a Rod-Like Molecule Produce Frustrated Structures in Conventional Calamitic Phases (2010)

We prepared a rod-like molecule, 4-[4-(7-hydroxyheptyloxy)phenyl]-1-(4-hexylphenyl)-2,3-difluorobenzene, and investigated its physical properties using polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The compound was found to exhibit nematic, smectic A, and smectic C phases. A smectic-like layer ordering was detected using XRD at low temperatures of the nematic phase. The nematic phase changed to a smectic A phase when cooled, with no accompanying enthalpy change. Analyses using XRD and POM revealed that the smectic C phase consists of three states: conventional SmC with a monolayered structure, monolayered SmC' possessing an additional weak bilayered character, and SmC'' possessing both monolayered and bilayered structures. Furthermore, a discontinuous increase in birefringence of a homeotropically aligned sample of the compound was observed in the SmC'' phase. Interlayer interactions organized by hydrophobic-hydrophilic amphiphilicity and orthogonal-tilt amphiphilicity are discussed to explain the appearance of the unusual liquid-crystalline phases with a hierarchical structure.
Inhibition of HIV replication: Synthesis of [4-14C]-5α-androstan-16α-bromo-3β-o1-17-one (2000)

An efficient synthesis of [4-14C]-5α-Androstan-16α-bromo-3β-ol-17-one (1) via the intermediate [4-14C] testosterone (8) is described. This compound targets cellular metabolic pathways and clinical trials to HIV-viral pathogenicity are promising. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.