gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Oxygen Species Generated from Photoexcited Fullerene (C<sub>60</sub>) as Potential Medicines:  O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup><sup>•</sup>versus<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> (2003)

To characterize fullerenes (C(60) and C(70)) as photosensitizers in biological systems, the generation of active oxygen species, through energy transfer (singlet oxygen (1)O(2)) and electron transfer (reduced active oxygen radicals such as superoxide anion radical O(2)(-)* and hydroxyl radical *OH), was studied by a combination of methods, including biochemical (DNA-cleavage assay in the presence of various scavengers of active oxygen species), physicochemical (EPR radical trapping and near-infrared spectrometry), and chemical methods (nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) method). Whereas (1)O(2) was generated effectively by photoexcited C(60) in nonpolar solvents such as benzene and benzonitrile, we found that O(2)(-)* and *OH were produced instead of (1)O(2) in polar solvents such as water, especially in the presence of a physiological concentration of reductants including NADH. The above results, together with those of a DNA cleavage assay in the presence of various scavengers of specific active oxygen species, indicate that the active oxygen species primarily responsible for photoinduced DNA cleavage by C(60) under physiological conditions are reduced species such as O(2)(-)* and *OH.
Coefficients of Determination in Logistic Regression Models—A New Proposal: The Coefficient of Discrimination (2009)

Many analogues to the coefficient of determination R2 in ordinary regression models have been proposed in the context of logistic regression. Our starting point is a study of three definitions related to quadratic measures of variation. We discuss the properties of these statistics, and show that the family can be extended in a natural way by a fourth statistic with an even simpler interpretation, namely the difference between the averages of fitted values for successes and failures, respectively. We propose the name “the coefficient of discrimination” for this statistic, and recommend its use as a standard measure of explanatory power. In its intuitive interpretation, this quantity has no immediate relation to the classical versions of R2, but it turns out to be related to these by two exact relations, which imply that all these statistics are asymptotically equivalent.
Parking space detection with hierarchical dynamic occupancy grids (2011)

An automatic parking system relies on precise estimation of parking space geometry. This paper proposes the use of a hierarchical three dimensional occupancy grid for the detection of parking spaces. The occupancy grid covers the environment representation of the static world. A hierarchical design allows dynamic selection of the level of detail. Applying a three-dimensional grid provides the additional benefit of supporting a variety of other functions including height estimation using a single environment representation type. The presented approach derives the distance to obstacles and walls and thus is able to represent the free space that forms parking spaces. In a second step, the dimensions of the parking space are calculated. For evaluation, real parking spaces are detected and estimated using short range radar sensors. The calculated dimensions are compared to the ground truth.
Synthesis of a library of oligothiophenes and their utilization as fluorescent ligands for spectral assignment of protein aggregates (2011)

Molecular probes for selective identification of protein aggregates are important to advance our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis underlying protein aggregation diseases. Here we report the chemical design of a library of anionic luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs), which can be utilized as ligands for detection of protein aggregates. Certain molecular requirements were shown to be necessary for detecting (i) early non-thioflavinophilic protein assemblies of Aβ1-42 and insulin preceding the formation of amyloid fibrils and (ii) for obtaining distinct spectral signatures of the two main pathological hallmarks observed in human Alzheimer's diease brain tissue (Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles). Our findings suggest that a superior anionic LCO-based ligand should have a backbone consisting of five to seven thiophene units and carboxyl groups extending the conjugated thiophene backbone. Such LCOs will be highly useful for studying the underlying molecular events of protein aggregation diseases and could also be utilized for the development of novel diagnostic tools for these diseases.
<sup>13</sup>C NMR Study of the Grafting of Maleic Anhydride onto Polyethene, Polypropene, and Ethene−Propene Copolymers (1996)

The reaction products from the radically initiated grafting of specifically 13C-enriched maleic anhydride ([2,3-13C2]MA) onto polyethene, isotactic polypropene and ethene-propene copolymers in the melt and in solution are investigated using noise-decoupled and 1D inadequate 13C NMR spectroscopy. The sites of attachment and the structures of the grafts depend on (co)polymer composition. In random EPM, MA attaches to methylene and methine carbons in the backbone. In alternating EPM, MA attaches solely to polymer methines, indicating that (CH2)m sequences with m > 3 are needed for MA attachment to backbone methylene carbons. In the copolymers and in IPP, grafts are single succinic anhydride rings; in HDPE and LDPE short MA oligomers are also present. In polyolefins containing polypropene sequences, chain scission can yield structures in which the anhydride ring is attached to the chain terminus via a fully substituted double bond.
Polar codes with dynamic frozen symbols and their decoding by directed search (2013)

A novel construction of polar codes with dynamic frozen symbols is proposed. The proposed codes are subcodes of extended BCH codes, which ensure sufficiently high minimum distance. Furthermore, a decoding algorithm is proposed, which employs estimates of the not-yet-processed bit channel error probabilities to perform directed search in code tree, reducing thus the total number of iterations.
MIMO DSP Complexity in Mode-Division Multiplexing (2015)

We review group delay management techniques and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) architectures for mode-division multiplexing systems. We demonstrate long-period fiber grating devices for introduction of strong mode coupling to obtain fast and low complexity MIMO DSP.
Automated Enzyme-Based Diagonal Capillary Electrophoresis: Application to Phosphopeptide Characterization (2010)

Diagonal capillary electrophoresis is a form of two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis that employs identical separation modes in each dimension. The distal end of the first capillary incorporates an enzyme-based microreactor. Analytes that are not modified by the reactor will have identical migration times in the two capillaries and will generate spots that fall on the diagonal in a reconstructed two-dimensional electropherogram. Analytes that undergo enzymatic modification in the reactor will have different migration times in the second capillary and will generate spots that fall off the diagonal in the electropherogram. We demonstrate the system with immobilized alkaline phosphatase to monitor the phosphorylation status of a mixture of peptides. This enzyme-based diagonal capillary electrophoresis assay appears to be generalizable; any post-translational modification can be detected as long as an immobilized enzyme is available that reacts with the modification under electrophoretic conditions.
Intensity and distance of interval training programs and changes in aerobic power. (1973)

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of the factors intensity and distance in interval training on maximal aerobic power (maxJOURNAL/masis/beta/00005756-197300510-00005/ENTITY_OV0312/v/2016-08-16T100014Z/r/image-pngO2). Three programs were used: (1) high-intensity, short-distance sprints (Group S); (2) low-intensity, long-distance runs (Group L): and (3) a combination of both (Group M). Following 7½ weeks of training 5 days per week, significant increases in maxJOURNAL/masis/beta/00005756-197300510-00005/ENTITY_OV0312/v/2016-08-16T100014Z/r/image-pngO2 (liters/min) and significant decreases in maximal and submaximal heart rates were found within each group; increases in maxJOURNAL/masis/beta/00005756-197300510-00005/ENTITY_OV0312/v/2016-08-16T100014Z/r/image-pngO2, (ml/kg-min) were significant only for Groups S and M. There were no significant differences among groups before or after training. A significant (p < .05) relationship was found between the change in maxJOURNAL/masis/beta/00005756-197300510-00005/ENTITY_OV0312/v/2016-08-16T100014Z/r/image-pngO2 and training intensity indicating that intensity rather than distance is the more important factor in improving maxJOURNAL/masis/beta/00005756-197300510-00005/ENTITY_OV0312/v/2016-08-16T100014Z/r/image-pngO2. It is proposed that differences in training intensities were due mainly to differences in tissue hypoxia, and that such a relationship is based on proportional differences in the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle caused by the hypoxic stimulus.
Early down-regulation of c-myc in dimethylsulfoxide-induced mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells is mediated at the P1/P2 promoters. (1993)

A block of RNA elongation in exon 1 of the murine c-myc gene has been described for normal mouse fibroblasts, lymphoid and myeloid cell lines and mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. MEL cells differentiate after induction with the chemical agent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The rapid initial down-regulation of c-myc that occurs after treatment with DMSO has been explained by an increase in the block of RNA elongation within the 3' part of c-myc exon 1. In contrast to these reports, we find that down-regulation of c-myc in DMSO-induced MEL cells occurs at the c-myc P1 and P2 promoters. The P1 promoter is repressed by inhibition of initiation, whereas transcription of P2 RNA is blocked by retention of RNA polymerase II at or close to the P2 promoter. The earlier described block of RNA elongation at a run of five thymidines in the 3' part of c-myc exon 1 was not observed.
<title>Motion video analysis using planar parallax</title> (1994)

Motion and structure analysis in video sequences can lead to efficient descriptions of objects and their motions. Interesting events in videos can be detected using such an analysis--for instance independent object motion when the camera itself is moving, figure-ground segregation based on the saliency of a structure compared to its surroundings. In this paper we present a method for 3D motion and structure analysis that uses a planar surface in the environment as a reference coordinate system to describe a video sequence. The motion in the video sequence is described as the motion of the reference plane, and the parallax motion of all the non-planar components of the scene. It is shown how this method simplifies the otherwise hard general 3D motion analysis problem. In addition, a natural coordinate system in the environment is used to describe the scene which can simplify motion based segmentation. This work is a part of an ongoing effort in our group towards video annotation and analysis for indexing and retrieval. Results from a demonstration system being developed are presented.
Miscibility and rheological properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/styrene–acrylonitrile blends prepared by melt extrusion (2007)

Abstract Styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) with acrylonitrile (AN) concentrations of 11.6–26 wt % and α‐methylstyrene acrylonitrile (αMSAN) with a wide range of AN concentrations are miscible with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) through solution blending. Here we examine the rheological properties and miscibility of PVC/SAN and PVC/αMSAN blends prepared by melt extrusion for commercial applications. We have investigated the rheological properties of the blends with a rheometer and a melt indexer. The PVC/SAN and PVC/αMSAN blends have a low melting torque, a long degradation time, and a high melt index, and this means that they have better processability than pure PVC. The miscibility of the blends has been characterized with differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and advanced rheometrics expansion system analysis. The miscibility of the blends has also been characterized with scanning electron microscopy. The SAN series with AN concentrations of 24–31 wt % is immiscible with PVC by melt extrusion, whereas αMSAN with 31 wt % AN is miscible with PVC, even when they are blended by melt extrusion, because of the strong interaction between PVC and αMSAN. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
rf-sputtered tetragonal barium titanate films on silicon (1978)

Tetragonal crystals of BaTiO/sub 3/ with ferroelectric properties are regularly observed for BaTiO/sub 3/ films thicker than 1000 A rf sputter deposited at 5 A/min onto silicon substrates at temperatures above 500/sup 0/C. There is a severe interaction problem between the silicon substrate and the BaTiO/sub 3/ that contaminates the film, which can be avoided by growing a pacification layer of SiO/sub 2/ on the silicon substrate before depositing BaTiO/sub 3/. Despite a coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between BaTiO/sub 3/ and silicon, thin films with good electrical insulation properties can be obtained when the substrate temperature exceeds 300/sup 0/C by reducing the substrate temperature during the deposition by 6.5 to 7.0/sup 0/C/min to a final substrate temperature of 200/sup 0/C.
A Pixel Circuit With Wide Data Voltage Range for OLEDoS Microdisplays With High Uniformity (2019)

A new pixel circuit is proposed for the realization of high resolution and high uniformity organic light-emitting diode on silicon (OLEDoS) microdisplays in this article. A compensation scheme is adopted to mitigate the influence of threshold voltage variation of the driving transistor on display uniformity. Furthermore, two coupling capacitors are used to reduce the voltage at the gate terminal of the driving transistor in order to extend the data voltage range. The performance of the proposed pixel circuit is verified in an industrial 0.18-μm CMOS process. Simulation results show that the data voltage of the proposed pixel circuit ranges from 0.5 to 3.12 V, which is up to 4.37× wider than the previously published pixel circuits. The emission current error of the proposed pixel circuit varies from -2.1% to 2.08%, under the condition of ±5 mV threshold voltage variation for the driving transistor. The maximum emission current error changes from -10.36% to -2.62% when the OLED turn-on voltage is increased by 5 to 20 mV due to device aging. Furthermore, the proposed pixel circuit only occupies a layout area of 8.1 μm × 4 μm.
Effect of cable load impedance on coupling schemes for MV power line communication (2004)

In this work coupling of communication frequencies within the CENELEC A-band to medium voltage cables is studied. Inductive and capacitive signal coupling is considered not only on basis of technical performance, but also on basis of practical aspects as installation. The effectiveness of coupling schemes depends on the impedances of installed equipment at the cable terminals. The frequency response of a 10 kV, 400 kVA cast resin distribution transformer is investigated. In the frequency range of interest, the behaviour is best described as a capacitance of typically 1 nF. The signal transfer over a 4 km paper cable terminated by various load impedances to mimic real equipment is studied. From the results it is concluded that for inductive coupling performance can be low within the CENELEC A-band, but can become competitive if frequencies up to 1 MHz are allowed. Further, the location of signal coupling has a strong effect on the noise spectrum.
Carcionoma colorrectal: valor pronóstico de las células Natural Killer Intratumorales (2002)

Introduccion: Las celulas Natural Killer (NK) poseen una capacidad citotoxica espontanea frente a la celulas tumorales. Estas celulas representan una pequena proporcion de los linfocitos intratumorales en el carcinoma colorrectal. Objetivos: Determinar la significacion pronostica de la presencia de celulas NK intratumorales en el carcinoma colorrectal. Material y Metodos: Se estudiaron las piezas de colectomia de 180 pacientes con adenocarcinoma colorrectal. Ningun paciente recibio terapia adyuvente y la deteccion inmunohistoquimica de las calulas NK se realizo mediante el anticuerpo monoclonal CD57. Resultados: Los paciente con leve o moderado infiltrado intratumoral de celulas NK presentaron un grado de supervivencia a 5 anos menor que aquellos con un infiltrado severo. Los pacientes con enfermedad en estado III de la TNM y un severo infiltrado de celulas NK mostraron mayor supervivencia a la de aquellos con infiltrado leve o moderado. Conclusiones: En pacientes con carcinoma colorrectal, una extensa infiltracion intratumoral de celulas NK se asocia a un pronostico favorable. La infiltracion intratumoral de celulas NK puede ser usada como una variable pronostica, especialmente en aquellos apcientes con enfermedad en estadio III de la TNM.
Emergence of imipenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae owing to combination of plasmid-mediated CMY-4 and permeability alteration (2000)

Klebsiella pneumoniae BM2974 isolated from an abdominal abcess was resistant to high concentrations of all available beta-lactams, including recently developed third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Isoelectric focusing of beta-lactamases and amplification, cloning and sequencing of the corresponding genes, together with conjugation and transformation experiments, indicated that, in addition to the chromosomally encoded beta-lactamase, the strain produced three plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases with pIs of 5.4, 8.2 and 9.0, which corresponded to TEM-1, SHV-5 and AmpC-type CMY-4, respectively. Strain BM2974 also lacked a major outer membrane protein of c. 40 kDa which was present in the spontaneous imipenem-susceptible revertant BM2974-1. We suggest that imipenem resistance in strain BM2974 is attributable to production of CMY-4 beta-lactamase combined with permeability alteration.
The need for customizable operating systems (2002)

Although modern operating systems provide powerful abstractions to application programs, they often fail to implement those abstractions in a way that provides applications programs, especially specialized application programs, with the best utilization of the physical resources of the computer system. The operating system community has implicitly recognized this problem by providing mechanisms that give client programmers more access to the physical substrate. The Mach External Pager allows clients to replace the paging mechanism. More recent work allows client replacement of the paging policy as well. Scheduler activations share the job of thread management between clients and the system. Apertos allows these and other aspects of operating system implementation to be client-controlled. Object-oriented operating systems under development also provide these kinds of control. We contend that there is a very general issue here, which operating systems have been among the first kinds of software to have to face head-on: some implementation decisions are crucial strategy decisions whose resolution will invariably bias the performance of the resulting implementation. Explicitly recognizing this issue helps to make sense of current trends and suggests new directions to explore. We consider the implications of this issue for operating systems, providing a framework with which to analyze systems such as those mentioned above, and suggesting connections with similar problems in other domains.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ERMIS: Designing, developing, and delivering a remote managed infrastructure services solution (2009)

Remote management of IT (information technology) infrastructures, as a service, has received significant attention due to the numerous benefits it offers. In this paper, we discuss our work on taking a previously India-only remote IT infrastructure management service offering to a global audience. We first provide an overview of this IBM offering, called Express™ Remote Managed Infrastructure Services (ERMIS), and then focus on two specific aspects, service catalog and problem determination and resolution (PDR). In service catalog-based remote management, customers browse the catalog and place orders as they would using an online store. Our service catalog entries contain workflows to automate the deployment of requested applications or the configuration change of customer resources. High-level customer requirements are translated into capacity sizing and configuration parameters, which are then used to provision the final solution by making use of ITIL® (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) release and configuration management processes. PDR involves detecting, locating, and fixing anomalies. Probe-based techniques are used for targeting the problem location, while knowledge management assists with problem analysis, diagnosis, and classification. ERMIS architectural decisions have been driven by emerging-business requirements related to small and mediumsized businesses.
A biomimetic reactive navigation system using the optical flow for a rotary-wing UAV in urban environment (2004)

International audience
Gemstone Irradiation and Radioactivity (1988)

W i t h t h e increasing use of radiation t o color enhance gemstones, the issue of rad i o a c t i v i t y has become ci source of concern for gemologists w o r l d w i d e . T h i s a r t icle examines the basic characteristics of radiation and rcidioactivity, t h e sources of radiation i n the earth a n d i n the laboratory, the radiation treatment of gemstones i n particular, a n d t h e detection and measurement of radiation. A l s o i n c l u d e d is a discussion of potential health hazards a n d current government regulations regarding gemstone radioactivity.
Implantation of Autologous Selected Renal Cells in Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3 and 4—Clinical Experience of a “First in Human” Study (2016)

Postoperative complications following retroperitoneoscopic implantation of SRC in the kidney cortex seem to be related to the surgical procedure rather than to injection of the cell product. No changes in renal function were observed during the original 12-month protocol. Beyond the first 12 months after cell implantation, individual renal function began to deteriorate during further follow-up.