gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical Properties of LYSO Scintillator for NN-PET Detectors (2009)

Cerium doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate scintillators, such as LYSO, which possess high stopping power, high light output and fast decay time, are promising candidates for use in positron emission tomography. In this paper, the luminescence and nuclear spectroscopic properties of two LYSO samples, used in the NN-PET detectors, are studied. UV-excited emission spectra show that maximum emission spectral values are within the range of 400-425 nm, which is well compatible with spectral response of PMT H7546B. The decay time, energy resolution, light output and energy spectra related to coincidence time window were investigated. The decay times of the two LYSO samples are 34.16plusmn1.43ns, 34.26plusmn1.95ns, respectively. The energy resolution and the light output, relative to Nal(Tl), are 10.25%plusmn0.06%, 10.17%plusmn0.10% and 75.3plusmn5.7, 76.1plusmn5.8 respectively when detected with PMT XP2262B. The energy spectra change obviously with coincidence time window and coincidence energy resolution is 14% when obtained using coincidence detector based on LYSO and H7546B.
Molecular anatomy of a small chromosome in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris (1998)

A contig covering the entire region of Chlorella vulgaris chromosome I (980 kb long), consisting of 33 cosmid clones has been constructed. By cross-hybridization with other chromosomal DNAs, universal structural elements were detected and localized on the contig. They were composed of at least three different elements: short interspersed DNA elements (SINE)-like elements, long interspersed DNA elements (LINE)-like elements and a putative centromere-like element. At least 36 copies of SINE-like elements were distributed over chromosome I with preferential locations on the right half of the chromosome. DNA fragments containing a SINE-like sequence showed a bent or curved DNA nature on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. LINE-like elements were clustered at the left terminus of chromosome I where they formed a tandem array of six copies immediately adjacent to the telomeric repeats. A long sequence element localized at a unique region of chromosome I also existed in a single copy on each chromosome and contained a sequence related to the reverse transcriptase domain of retrotransposons. This feature was compared with the reported centromere-associated elements of higher plants. With its comparative simplicity, the organization of Chlorella chromosome I genomic elements may serve as a prototypic experimental system for deciphering the complexity of huge plant chromosomes.
Capillary Bridging as a Tool for Assembling Discrete Clusters of Patchy Particles (2016)

Janus and patchy particles are emerging as models for studying complex directed assembly patterns and as precursors of new structured materials and composites. Here we show how lipid-induced capillary bridging could serve as a new and nonconventional method of assembling patchy particles into ordered structures. Iron oxide surface patches on latex microspheres were selectively wetted with liquid lipid, driving the particle assembly into two- and three-dimensional clusters via interparticle capillary bridge formation. The liquid phase of the bridges allows local reorganization of the particles within the clusters and assists in forming true equilibrium configurations. The temperature-driven fluid-to-gel and gel-to-fluid phase transitions of the fatty acids within the bridge act as a thermal switch for cluster assembly and disassembly. By complementing the experiments with Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the equilibrium cluster morphology is determined by the patch characteristics, namely, their size, number, and shape. This study demonstrates the ability of capillary bridging as a versatile tool to assemble thermoresponsive clusters and aggregates. This method of binding particles is simple, robust, and generic and can be extended further to assemble particles with nonspherical shapes and complex surface chemistries enabling the formation of sophisticated colloidal molecules.
Characterization and Distribution of a New Cell Surface Marker of Neuronal Precursors (2000)

In a screen for novel cell surface markers of neuronal progenitors, we recently identified mAb 2F7 that recognizes an epitope present on both progenitor cells and postmitotic neurons, in the developing CNS and PNS. In the embryonic rat telencephalon, the mAb 2F7 epitope is expressed by migratory and postmigratory neurons in the developing cerebral cortex, as well as by presumptive neuronal progenitor cells of the ventricular zone. In the neonatal forebrain mAb 2F7 labels postmitotic neurons, including those of the developing cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb, as well as the axons of the corpus callosum. While mAb 2F7 immunoreactivity is present on only a low density of the neuronal progenitor cells situated in the anterior part of the subventricular zone, a progressively higher proportion of cells forming the rostral migratory stream express this epitope. mAb 2F7 labels the surfaces of neurons and neuronal precursors, but not mature oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in primary cultures derived from the rat neural tube. In vivo, migrating neural crest cells, motor neurons, and axonal projections associated with the spinal cord express the mAb 2F7 epitope. Immunoblot analyses reveal that the mAb 2F7 epitope resides on several high-molecular-weight, membrane-associated proteins, and is likely to be composed of N-linked carbohydrate. These findings suggest that mAb 2F7 recognizes a novel epitope that is present on progenitor cells and postmitotic, differentiating neurons in the developing mammalian nervous system.
Using hover to compromise the confidentiality of user input on Android (2017)

We show that the new hover (floating touch) technology, available in a number of today's smartphone models, can be abused by malicious Android applications to record all touchscreen input into applications system-wide. Leveraging this attack, a malicious application running on the system is able to capture sensitive input such as passwords and PINs, record all user's social interactions, as well as profile user's behavior. To evaluate our attack we implemented Hoover, a proof-of-concept malicious application that runs in the background and records all input to all foreground applications. We evaluated Hoover with 20 users, across two different Android devices and two input methods, stylus and finger. In the case of touchscreen input by finger, Hoover estimated the positions of users' clicks within an error of 100 pixels and keyboard input with an accuracy of 79%. Hoover captured users' input by stylus even more accurately, estimating users' clicks within 2 pixels and keyboard input with an accuracy of 98%. Differently from existing well-known side channel attacks, this is the first work that proves the security implications of the hover technology and its potential to steal all user inputs with high granularity. We discuss ways of mitigating this attack and show that this cannot be done by simply restricting access to permissions or imposing additional cognitive load on the users since this would significantly constrain the intended use of the hover technology.
The Efficacy and Safety of Dendritic Cells Co-Cultured with Cytokine-Induced Killer Cell Therapy in Combination with TACE-Predominant Minimally-Invasive Treatment for (2016)

The combination of DC-CIK immunotherapy and TACE or TACE plus local ablation therapy improves 1- and 2-year overall survival, ORR, DCR, and provides a better quality of life for patients with HCC.
Epigenetic Dynamics of Imprinted X Inactivation During Early Mouse Development (2003)

The initiation of X-chromosome inactivation is thought to be tightly correlated with early differentiation events during mouse development. Here, we show that although initially active, the paternal X chromosome undergoes imprinted inactivation from the cleavage stages, well before cellular differentiation. A reversal of the inactive state, with a loss of epigenetic marks such as histone modifications and polycomb proteins, subsequently occurs in cells of the inner cell mass (ICM), which give rise to the embryo-proper in which random X inactivation is known to occur. This reveals the remarkable plasticity of the X-inactivation process during preimplantation development and underlines the importance of the ICM in global reprogramming of epigenetic marks in the early embryo.
Four novel mutations in the gene encoding gp91-phox of human NADPH oxidase: consequences for oxidase assembly. (2000)

The superoxide-forming nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH) oxidase of human phagocytes comprises membrane-bound and cytosolic proteins, which, upon cell activation, assemble on the plasma membrane to form the active enzyme. Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) are defective in one of the phagocyte oxidase (phox) components, p47-phox or p67-phox, which reside in the cytosol of resting phagocytes, or gp91-phox or p22-phox, which constitute the membrane-bound cytochrome b(558). In four X-linked CGD patients we have identified novel missense mutations in CYBB, the gene encoding gp91-phox. These mutations were associated with normal amounts of nonfunctional cytochrome b(558) in the patients' neutrophils. In phorbol-myristate-stimulated neutrophils and in a cell-free translocation assay with neutrophil membranes and cytosol, the association of p47-phox and p67-phox with the membrane fraction of the cells with Cys369-->Arg, Gly408-->Glu, and Glu568--> Lys substitutions was strongly disturbed. Only a Thr341-->Lys substitution, residing in a region of gp91-phox involved in flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding, supported a normal translocation. Thus, the introduction or reversal of charge at residues 369, 408, and 568 in gp91-phox destroys the correct binding of p47-phox and p67-phox to cytochrome b(558). Based on mutagenesis studies of structurally related flavin-dependent oxidoreductases, we propose that the Thr341-->Lys substitution results in impaired hydride transfer from NADPH to FAD. Because we found no electron transfer in solubilized neutrophil plasma membranes from any of the four patients, we conclude that all four amino acid replacements are critical for electron transfer. Apparently, an intimate relation exists between domains of gp91-phox involved in electron transfer and in p47/p67-phox binding. (Blood. 2000;95:666-673)
Eotaxin/CCL11 Suppresses IL-8/CXCL8 Secretion from Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (2002)

The CC chemokine eotaxin/CCL11 is known to bind to the receptor CCR3 on eosinophils and Th2-type lymphocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that CCR3 is expressed on a subpopulation of primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and is up-regulated by TNF-alpha. We found that incubation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells with recombinant eotaxin/CCL11 suppresses TNF-alpha-induced production of the neutrophil-specific chemokine IL-8/CXCL8. The eotaxin/CCL11-suppressive effect on endothelial cells was not seen on IL-1beta-induced IL-8/CXCL8 release. Eotaxin/CCL11 showed no effect on TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of growth-related oncogene-alpha or IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10, two other CXC chemokines tested, and did not affect production of the CC chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 and RANTES/CCL5, or the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and E-selectin. These results suggest that eotaxin/CXCL11 is not effecting a general suppression of TNF-alphaR levels or signal transduction. Suppression of IL-8/CXCL8 was abrogated in the presence of anti-CCR3 mAb, pertussis toxin, and wortmannin, indicating it was mediated by the CCR3 receptor, G(i) proteins, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. Eotaxin/CCL11 decreased steady state levels of IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA in TNF-alpha-stimulated cells, an effect mediated in part by an acceleration of IL-8 mRNA decay. Eotaxin/CCL11 may down-regulate production of the neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8/CXCL8 by endothelial cells in vivo, acting as a negative regulator of neutrophil recruitment. This may play an important biological role in the prevention of overzealous inflammatory responses, aiding in the resolution of acute inflammation or transition from neutrophilic to mononuclear/eosinophilic inflammation.
Translational termination: "stop" for protein synthesis or "pause" for regulation of gene expression (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTranslational termination: "stop" for protein synthesis or "pause" for regulation of gene expressionWarren P. Tate and Chris M. BrownCite this: Biochemistry 1992, 31, 9, 2443–2450Publication Date (Print):March 10, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 10 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00124a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00124a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views218Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Additive manufacturing under pressure (2015)

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the effects on material properties of layer-by-layer application of pressure during fabrication of polymeric parts by additive manufacturing (AM). Although AM, also known popularly as 3D printing, has set a new standard for ease of use and minimal restraint on geometric complexity, the mechanical part properties do not generally compare with conventional manufacturing processes. Contrary to other types of polymer processing, AM systems do not normally use (in-process) pressure during part consolidation. Design/methodology/approach – Tensile specimens were produced in Somos 201 using conventional laser sintering (LS) and selective laser printing (SLP) – a process under development in the UK, which incorporates the use of pressure to assist layer consolidation. Findings – Mechanical testing demonstrated the potential to additively manufacture parts with significantly improved microstructure and mechanical properties which match or exceed conventional processing. For example, the average elongation at break and ultimate tensile strength of a conventionally laser-sintered thermoplastic elastomer (Somos 201) increased from 136 ± 28 per cent and 4.9 ± 0.4 MPa, to 513 ± 35 per cent and 10.4 ± 0.4 MPa, respectively, when each layer was fused with in-process application of pressure (126 ± 9 kPa) by SLP. Research limitations/implications – These results are based on relatively small sample size, but despite this, the trends observed are of significant importance to the elimination of voids and porosity in polymeric parts. Practical implications – Layerwise application of pressure should be investigated further for defect elimination in AM. Originality/value – This is the first study on the effects of layerwise application of pressure in combination with area-wide fusing.
Judging a Book By its Cover (2016)

Book covers communicate information to potential readers, but can that same information be learned by computers? We propose using a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to predict the genre of a book based on the visual clues provided by its cover. The purpose of this research is to investigate whether relationships between books and their covers can be learned. However, determining the genre of a book is a difficult task because covers can be ambiguous and genres can be overarching. Despite this, we show that a CNN can extract features and learn underlying design rules set by the designer to define a genre. Using machine learning, we can bring the large amount of resources available to the book cover design process. In addition, we present a new challenging dataset that can be used for many pattern recognition tasks.
Mechanism for Implementation of Load Balancing using Process Migration (2012)

The feature of load sharing or load balancing involves migration of running processes from highly loaded workstations of a network to the lightly-loaded or idle workstations of the network. This paper describes load balancing techniques to share the workload of the workstations belonging to a particular network to gain better performance from the overall network. The mechanisms of load information collection, determining the idle workstations as well as highly-loaded workstations, and transferring the load from one workstation to another workstation are represented in this paper. The paper describes a dynamic load balancing algorithm to achieve runtime performance gained by managing the jobs as they arrive. We have introduced the agent-based approach towards load balancing in this algorithm. The benefit of load balancing can be achieved through either the server-managed load balancing or the client-initiated load balancing, both of them having specific advantages and drawbacks. In this paper, both of these load balancing approaches have been supported by the presented algorithm in order to gain the benefits of reliability, fault tolerance and efficiency and high performance.
Editing real world scenes: augmented reality with image-based rendering (2003)

We present a method that using only an uncalibrated camera allows the capture of object geometry and appearance, and then at a later stage registration and AR overlay into a new scene. Using only image information first a coarse object geometry is obtained using structure-from-motion, then a dynamic, view dependent texture is estimated to account for the differences between the reprojected coarse model and the training images. In AR rendering, the object structure is interactively aligned in one frame by the user, object and scene structure is registered, and rendered in subsequent frames by a virtual scene camera, with parameters estimated from real-time visual tracking. Using the same viewing geometry for both object acquisition, registration, and rendering ensures consistency and minimizes errors.
Biologically Active Natural Products from Fungi: Templates for Tomorrow's Pesticides (1984)

Fungi are a source of unique bioregulators that exhibit a wide range of phytotoxic, or regulatory properties, including fungistatic and bacteriostatic responses. These metabolites offer interesting templates for potential agricultural use. Minor changes in molecules enhance specific activity. A sensitive, relatively simple, primary plant bioassay is used to detect biological activity and novel structures including pergillin, dihydropergillin, chaetoglobosin K, hydroxyterphenyllin and orlandin have been isolated using this assay. Other metabolites have also shown selective activity against higher plants; cytochalasin H controls flowering in tobacco plants; cladosporin diacetate induces chlorosis in corn plants; prehelminthosporol causes necrosis and stunting in corn. Terphenyllin and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone have either fungistatic, or bacteriostatic properties. Biodegradable properties, high specificity and low dosage rates make fungal metabolites, and derivatives, attractive candidates for agricultural use.
Bioelectricity and biomagnetism (1998)

Membrane Transport Phenomena. The Hodgkin--Huxley Membrane. The Ion Channel. Cable Theory and Action Potential Propagation. Extracellular Potentials. Myocardial Anisotropy. Electrocardiography. Electroencephalography. Biomagnetism. Sensory Receptors. Synaptic Transmission and the Neuromuscular Junction. Electromyography. Indexes.
Dynamics and control of multibody systems in central gravity. (2004)

This dissertation studies the dynamics and control of multibody systems, and their numerical simulation, in a central gravitational field. Initially, the dynamics of multibody systems moving in a plane in a central gravity is studied. There is a cyclic orbital coordinate, and the corresponding conjugate momentum is conserved. The dynamics is reduced to eliminate this cyclic variable. A general development for analyzing stability of relative equilibria of the full dynamics, corresponding to equilibria of the reduced dynamics, is obtained. This is applied to some examples of multibody spacecraft in planar motion. A control scheme, based on averaging theory, is developed for orbit transfer from one relative equilibrium to another. This scheme is applied to a planar dumbbell-shaped rigid body in central gravity. The dynamics of such systems in three-dimensional motion also has a cyclic coordinate, and the associated conjugate momentum is conserved. The dynamics is reduced to eliminate this degree of freedom. Stability analysis of the relative equilibria of a rigid dumbbell-shaped body is carried out. Potential shaping with attitude feedback is used to stabilize the unstable relative equilibria of the dumbbell body. For numerical simulations of the dynamics of free and controlled multibody systems in central gravity, numerical integration algorithms obtained from discrete variational mechanics are used. These algorithms exactly preserve the symplectic form and conserved momenta of such systems. They also nearly preserve the total energy of conservative systems over long simulation times. These properties are usually not present in other numerical integration algorithms. Variational integration algorithms for the full and reduced dynamics of multibody systems in a potential field are obtained, and applied to the specific examples treated in this dissertation. Comparison with a standard Runge-Kutta fourth order integrator, for an example problem, shows the better performance of the variational integrators in long time simulations. These numerical simulations also confirm stability results obtained analytically. The controlled motion of the planar dumbbell model with averaging feedback control is simulated with a variational integrator to confirm analytically obtained results for this control scheme.
Nucleation-limited phase selection during reactions in nickel/amorphous-silicon multilayer thin films (1990)

Isothermal and constant-heating-rate differential scanning calorimetry, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, thin-film x-ray diffraction, and thermodynamic and kinetic analyses have been used to investigate silicide phase selection in nickel/amorphous-silicon multilayer thin-film reactions. The atomic concentration ratio of the films was two Ni atoms to one Si atom and the layer thickness ratio was one to one. During deposition, a thin layer of amorphous nickel silicide formed between the nickel and amorphous-silicon layers. Upon heating, this amorphous nickel silicide thickened slightly, until crystalline Ni2Si formed at the nickel/amorphous-nickel-silicide interface. Further heating caused the simultaneous growth of both the amorphous nickel silicide and crystalline Ni2Si. Comparison of thermodynamic data to kinetic models for silicide formation and the analysis of calorimetry data suggests that nucleation barriers are responsible for the initial formation of the amorphous nickel silicide and limit subsequent formation of crystalline Ni2Si.