gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) devices and photonic integrated circuits (PICs) (2013)

We review recent advances in the development of slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) devices, progress toward a flexible photonic integration platform containing both conventional high-confinement and SCOW ultra-low confinement devices, and applications of this technology.
The Dynamics of the β-Agostic Isopropyl Complex (ArNC(R)−C(R)NAr)Pd(CH(CH<sub>2</sub>-μ-H)(CH<sub>3</sub>))<sup>+</sup>BAr<sub>4</sub>‘<sup>-</sup>(Ar = 2,6-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>(<i>i</i>-Pr)<sub>2</sub>):  Evidence for In-Place Rotation versus Dissociation of the Agostic Methyl Group (1998)

Variable-temperature 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy has been used to study the dynamics of the β-agostic isopropyl complex (ArNC(R)−C(R)NAr)Pd(CH(CH2-μ-H)(CH3))+BAr4‘- (Ar = 2,6-C6H3(i-Pr)2). 1H and 13C line shape analysis suggests two independent processes occur: interchange of the agostic and nonagostic methyl groups and exchange of hydrogens within the agostic methyl group, which is best regarded as in-place methyl group rotation. Barriers for both of these processes are similar, with ΔG⧧ ca. 9 kcal/mol. The methyl groups undergo interchange without inversion at the Pd(II) center.
Knowledge-Based Techniques in Artificial Intelligence. (1978)

This report summarizes the research performed during the first year of a project to investigate knowledge-based techniques in Artificial Intelligence (AI). The objective of this research is to expand the technology of incorporating and using knowledge in computer systems. In developing computer systems for applications in software production, information retrieval, file management, signal identification, photointerpretation, and other data processing problems of interest to the u.s. Navy, it is necessary to provide these systems with large amounts of domain-specific knowledge. Artificial Intelligence research has recently been developing various techniques for incorporating knowledge into computer systems, but as yet it lacks any unifying framework that can be used to coalesce these methods into anything like the engineering discipline that is prerequisite to large-scale practical applications. Because such a unifying framework has not yet been synthesized, each new application effort spends excessive time in developing an individual approach to representing and using knowledge-based systems. Success in the present program will greatly increase the efficiency of future application efforts.
Immunostimulatory gut bacteria (2019)

Some bacterial species stimulate inflammation, autoimmunity, and anticancer immunity
Improving the Temperature Performance of Low-Density Ceramic Heatshields through Sol-Gel Processing (2008)

The performance of rigid insulations for use as thermal protection materials on reentry vehicles can be characterized by their resistance to dimensional and morphological change when exposed to an isothermal environment equivalent to that generated in entry. Improvements in these material characteristics for alumina enhanced thermal barrier insulation by compositional modification through sol-gel processing are reported.
A hybrid repetitive opening switch for inductive storage systems and protection of DC circuits (2003)

A compact hybrid repetitive opening switch (HOS) rated 50 kA, 4 kV is described. This HOS is intended for use in long-charge, e.g., battery-based inductive storage systems that look promising for many applications, such as uninterruptible power supplies, driving ET loads, protection of DC circuits, etc. A commercial vacuum circuit breaker serves as the first stage. It provides the high-current carrying capability of 2.5/spl middot/10/sup 8/ A/sup 2/s during the inductor charge, or a 1600A continuous rating with low power losses. At a desired moment, it is opened, and the current is transferred to the second stage comprising high-power gate turn-off thyristors or gate commutated thyristors (GCTs) that break the current during several microseconds. A pause of 1-2 ms is provided for the vacuum breaker recovery. A novel approach allowing the enhancement of an order of magnitude of the turn-off capability of fully-controlled semiconductor devices, such as GCTs, is developed and analyzed. It comprises the inverse current injection into the second stage assisted by a precisely timed gate turnoff. The main benefit of this technique is a dramatic reduction (by factor of ten) in the quantity of semiconductor devices in the second stage. The electrical and mechanical design of the HOS is described. PSpice simulations coupled with field analysis of nonlinear magnetic components and test results are presented. Future development is outlined.
Active optical NOR logic devices using surface-emitting lasers (1992)

Cascadable active laser logic devices are described, demonstrating NOR and INVERTER functions with a negative optical gain of five. The surface-emitting laser logic device consists of an AlGaAs superlattice surface-emitting laser discretely connected to an AlGaAs heterojunction phototransistor in parallel. The optical logic output of 0.5 mW is controlled off with 100 mu W incident power (44 mu W absorbed) on the heterojunction phototransistor part of the device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Erratum: Energy Gaps in Graphene Nanoribbons [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>97</b>, 216803 (2006)] (2007)

Received 2 February 2007DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.089901©2007 American Physical Society
Fusion of Detected Objects in Text for Visual Question Answering (2019)

Chris Alberti, Jeffrey Ling, Michael Collins, David Reitter. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
The enhancement of Raman scattering, resonance Raman scattering, and fluorescence from molecules adsorbed on a rough silver surface (1983)

The enhancements of normal Raman scattering, resonance Raman scattering, and fluorescence from molecules adsorbed on identical, well-characterized, silver-island films are reported. The enhancement arises from the electromagnetic interaction between the molecules and the electronic plasma resonance of the silver islands. A hierarchy of enhancement ratios is found, with typical values of 105 for RS, 103 for RRS and 10−1 to 10 for fluorescence, depending on the quantum yield of the molecular fluorescence. A model, developed on heuristic grounds and substantiated using the density matrix formalism, describes the light scattering processes and the effects of the plasma resonance. This model presents a unified picture of the surface-induced enhancement effects and is consistent with the experimental values. The comparison of all the forms of optical scattering leads to a complete determination of the role of the plasma resonances in the various portions of the scattering process. The excitation of the electronic plasma resonance results in an increased local field at the molecules leading to an increased excitation or absorption rate. Similarly, the excitation of the plasma resonance by the molecular emission dipole results in an increase in the radiative decay rate. However, the electromagnetic coupling of the molecule to the plasma resonance also adds an additional damping channel which can result in a reduction of the absorption or excitation rate as well as the emission yield. The resultant balance of these processes leads to the hierarchy in the measured enhancements. The hierarchy of enhancements is also shown to have important spectroscopic consequences.
THE PATTERN OF CONGENITAL TRANSMISSION OF AN AVIAN LEUKOSIS VIRUS (1961)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
A Study on MITM (Man in the Middle) Vulnerability in Wireless Network Using 802.1X and EAP (2008)

The security of wireless LAN is being strengthened through a combination of EAP with an 802.1X-based authentication server, with 802.11i as the standard. As such a security technique effectively defends the existing WEP or protocol vulnerabilities, another approach is needed to prove the vulnerability of the wireless LAN. This paper proposes the wireless MITM (man in the middle) framework, which can actively prove the vulnerability of MITM by applying the MITM technique in the wireless LAN environment, whose security is applied using 802.1X and EAP. It also describes the designing of the required functions and modules. This paper proposes that it is possible to collect the wireless LAN authentication information of the unauthorized user using the designed wireless MLTM-framework under the EAP-MD5 and EAP-TTLS environment.
Primary melanoma cells of the vertical growth phase: similarities to metastatic cells. (1985)

Three primary and 16 metastatic melanoma cell lines were established from primary and metastatic lesions of 4 patients with malignant melanoma. Comparison of metastatic melanoma cells with cells of the vertical growth phase (VGP) or late primary melanoma from the same individual revealed, generally, a shorter population-doubling time, growth to a higher cell density, higher tyrosinase activity, and more pigmentation in metastatic cells. Conversely, primary and metastatic melanoma cells had similar morphology, plating efficiency, and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Karyotypic analysis revealed clonality and nonrandom abnormalities in chromosomes 1, 6, and 7 in cells of the primary and metastatic lesions of the 3 patients studied. Few differences were found in the expression of melanoma-associated antigens on short-term and long-term cultured cells by tests with monoclonal antibodies in mixed hemadsorption assays, flow cytometry, and radioimmunoassays. Our results indicate that cells cultured from the VGP but not from the radial growth phase of primary melanoma are similar to metastatic melanoma cells.
Gadolinium-based contrast agents in angiography and interventional radiology. (1999)

Gadolinium-based contrast agents in angiography and interventional radiology.D J Spinosa, A H Matsumoto, K D Hagspiel, J F Angle and G D HartwellAudio Available | Share
Electronic Tuning of a Dye Laser Using the Acousto-Optic Filter (1971)

A dye laser which is electronically tunable over 780 Å has been obtained by inserting a CaMoO4 acousto-optic filter into the dye-laser cavity. A filter half-power linewidth of 6.8 Å yields a laser linewidth of 1.35 Å. Oscillation at two simultaneous independently tunable wavelengths and electronically variable output coupling has been observed.
Electrocatalysis of Anodic Oxygen‐Transfer Reactions: Activation of Electrodes in by Addition of Bismuth(III) and Arsenic(III,V) (1990)

The electrocatalytic effect of added Bi3+ was studied for the anodic response of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at electrodes in . DMSO was virtually unreactive at pure electrodes electrodeposited from acidic media. However, well‐defined anodic waves with transport‐limited current plateaus were obtained for up to 100 mMDMSO by addition of as little as 10 μM Bi3+. The product of DMSO oxidation was determined to be dimethyl sulfone. The electrode activity is concluded to be the result of adsorbed Bi3+ and/or Bi5+ which function to mediate the oxygen‐transfer step in the anodic reaction mechanism. The values for DMSO and several additional compounds were determined to be virtually equivalent (1.65–1.71V vs. SCE) in spite of large differences in the values for the respective half reactions. This is explained as the consequence of a common rate‐controlling step which is the discharge of at the Bi sites to produce adsorbed hydroxyl radicals (.OHads) which are subsequently consumed in the oxidation process. Large concentrations of Bi3+ (≫10 μM) severely inhibited the electrocatalytic reaction. The addition of As3+ and As5+ also resulted in the electrocatalytic oxidation of DMSO; however, the concentrations required to produce transport‐limited signals were much larger than needed for Bi3+.
Defect-based description of lithium diffusion into lithium niobate (1994)

A defect chemistry approach is used to analyze the observed concentration dependence of the lithium in-diffusion rate into lithium niobate. An ambipolar diffusion model is used where the lithium and niobium diffusion rates are coupled and therefore cause an internal electric field to develop during the diffusion process. Both lithium and niobium diffusion are found to proceed via simple vacancy mechanisms. The internal electric field forces the faster lithium diffusion to be reduced to a level consistent with the slower niobium diffusion process. This coupling gives a concentration dependence that matches the observed linear increase in interdiffusion rate as the total cation vacancy concentration decreases.
EdgeCNN: A Hybrid Architecture for Agile Learning of Healthcare Data from IoT Devices (2018)

With the pervasive usage of IoT devices to collect healthcare data from human body, the real-time need on data acquirement and analysis for effective diagnosis and feedbacks becomes an challenging issue in practice. We propose a hybrid architecture, called EdgeCNN, that balances the capability of edge and cloud computing to address this issue for agile learning of healthcare data from IoT devices. Specifically, deep learning is customized as the inference method running on edge devices, making real-time analysis and diagnosis closer to the IoT data source. This can significantly reduce learning latency and network I/O, ease the pressure on the cloud platform for large user groups and massive data, and drastically decrease the cost to build and maintain cloud platforms. To verify the feasibility of EdgeCNN, we design a set of streamlined diagnosis model and learning algorithm for edge computing based on convolutional neural network (CNN), facilitating EdgeCNN to identify and infer electrocardiograms in real-time, as a specific healthcare application using smart devices on the edge. Our experimental results show that under the premise of ensuring the accuracy, EdgeCNN has significant advantages in diagnosis delay, network I/O, application usability and resource cost, in comparison with the architecture solely based on the cloud computing. Another important benefit from EdgeCNN is that it can effectively protect the privacy of user data from IoT devices.
Data glove with a force sensor (2002)

This paper presents a data glove equipped with a force sensor. The circuits and the construction are also described. The glove is selected to be a rubber coated cotton glove. The sensors are firmly attached to the rubber coated glove using cyanoacrylic glue. The force sensor is made of a steel plate substrate were the commercial strain gauges are attached. The plate is attached on the thumb. The strain gauges bridge is powered by a digital current source. A digital sine is produced by a microcontroller and a DAC with current output. At the peak the microcontroller produces a digital output signal. It is used by the data acquisition system. The force sensor presents a linear response and a resolution of 0.38 N and a sensitivity of 0.05 V/N. The combination can be used in robotics, telecheric applications, biomechanics and virtual reality applications.
Long-term coenzyme Q10 therapy: a major advance in the management of resistant myocardial failure. (1985)

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) treatment, orally administered as 100 mg daily dose, was initiated in a series of patients with advanced heart failure in an open, controlled design. They were all showing an insufficient response to classical therapy with diuretics and digitalis. Twelve patients with various causes of heart failure, classified clinically by echocardiography (ECHO), (12/12), and heart catheterization with endomyocardial biopsy, (10/12), were followed prospectively for a mean period of seven months. Serial assessments: Clinical examination (with questionnaire), ECG, chest X-ray, ECHO, systolic time intervals (STI) and blood levels of CoQ10 were performed. With a mean latency period of 30 days, eight out of 12 patients (67%) showed definite clinical improvement. Subjectively, the patients felt less tired, their general activity tolerance increased and dyspnoea at rest disappeared. There were obvious signs of decreased right-sided stasis (hepatic congestion). The heart rate fell significantly, and the heart volume (chest X-ray) decreased in the eight responders (although n.s.). A significant reduction in the left atrial size (ECHO) was registered, suggesting a reduced preload of the left ventricle, Furthermore, a significant decline in the PEP/LVET ratio (STI) was indicative of an improved myocardial performance. Preliminary CoQ10 withdrawal results showed severe clinical relapse with subsequent improvement on CoQ10 reinstatement, supporting the interpretation that treatment of these patients corrected a myocardial deficiency of CoQ10 and increased contractility. Hence CoQ10 appears to be an effective therapeutic agent in advanced cases of heart failure. This is an attractive circumvention of the traditional principles of therapy: supporting the myocardium directly by ameliorating a supposed underlying mitochondrial dysfunction (exhausted bioenergetics).
Graphical specification of flexible user interface displays (1989)

This paper describes the implementation concepts behind the user interface editor of the Apogee UIMS. This editor allows many aspects of a user interface to be specified graphically without a conventional textual specification. The system supports the specification of flexible user interfaces — ones that can adapt automatically to changes in the size of objects they present and that can adapt to specific user needs in a dynamic and responsive fashion. To serve as an implementation base for this editor, the Apogee UIMS supports an active data model based on one-way constraints. This model is implemented by a small object-oriented programming language embedded within the system.
Quantification of TCE Co‐Oxidation in Groundwater Using a <sup>14</sup> C–Assay (2018)

Abstract Bacteria that degrade natural organic matter in groundwater contain oxygenase enzymes that can co‐oxidize trichloroethene (TCE). This degradation pathway is promising for large dilute plumes, but its evaluation is limited because the density of the bacteria with oxygenase enzymes has not been correlated to field scale rates of degradation. A 14 C–TCE assay was developed to determine pseudo first‐order rate constants for the aerobic co‐oxidation of TCE in groundwater. The assay involved incubating 14 C–TCE in samples of groundwater contained in 160 mL serum bottles, and monitoring the accumulation of radiolabel in degradation products. A first‐order rate constant for co‐oxidation was extracted from the rate of accumulation of 14 C in products, accounting for volumetric changes in the serum bottles due to sampling and subsequent changes to the distribution of TCE between the aqueous and gaseous phases. Of the groundwater samples evaluated from 19 wells at five sites, eight samples at three sites had 14 C product accumulation rates that exceeded the accumulation rate in filter‐sterilized groundwater controls. First‐order rate constants ranged from 2.65 to 0.0066 year −1 , which is equivalent to half‐lives of 0.26 to 105 years. Groundwater samples from a few of the wells in which co‐oxidation occurred had volatile organic contaminants in addition to TCE; their presence may have induced the oxygenase enzymes that are needed for TCE co‐oxidation. 14 CO 2 represented ~37% to 97% of the 14 C products that accumulated; the balance of the products was soluble and non‐volatile.
Upstream element of the sea urchin arylsulfatase gene serves as an insulator. (1999)

Insulator DNAs functionally isolate neighboring genes by blocking interactions between distal cis-regulatory elements and promoters. Here we report that a DNA fragment located in the upstream region of sea urchin, H. pulcherrimus, arylsulfatase (HpArs) gene blocks the interaction of the Ars enhancer when positioned between the enhancer and the target promoter, in an orientation dependent manner. The Ars insulator works only 3' to 5' direction and has no significant stimulatory or inhibitory effects on its own promoter. In transgenic Drosophila, the Ars insulator blocks the interaction between even-skipped stripe enhancer and its target promoter. The insulation mechanism operates also unidirectionally in Drosophila. We also show that the efficiency of transformation of HeLa cells is enhanced when the integrated gene is flanked by the Ars insulator, suggesting the sea urchin insulator overcomes the position-dependent transgene expression in mammalian cells. These results demonstrate that the mechanism of action of the insulator has been conserved throughout evolution.
The Use of Night Splints for Treatment of Recalcitrant Plantar Fasciitis (1991)

This study reports the results of the use of molded ankle foot orthosis night splints for the treatment of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis on 14 patients with a total of 18 symptomatic feet. All patients had symptoms for greater than 1 year and had previously undergone treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, cortisone injections, shoe modifications, and physical therapy without resolution. All patients were provided with custom-molded polypropylene ankle foot orthoses in 5 degrees of dorsiflexion to be used as a night splint. With continued use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, Tuli heel cups, Spenco liners, and general stretching exercises, successful resolution occurred in 11 patients in less than 4 months. There were three failures. It is felt that the use of night splints provides a useful, cost-effective adjunct to current therapeutic regimens of plantar fasciitis.
Transductional analysis of chloramphenicol biosynthesis genes in Streptomyces venezuelae (1987)

Auxotrophs isolated from two chloramphenicol-nonproducing mutants of Streptomyces venezuelae included three requiring pyridoxal (Pxl-), VS248 (cml-11 pdx-2), VS253 (cml-11 pdx-3), and VS258 (cml-12 pdx-4), and one requiring thiosulfate, VS263 (cml-12 cys-28). Results of SV1-mediated transductions were consistent with the relative marker order cys-28-cml-12-cml-11-pdx-2,3,4,5, all of which were cotransducible and must therefore span less than 45 kilobases of DNA, the approximate length of DNA packaged by SV1. cys-28 was also cotransducible with arg-4 and arg-6, but arg and pdx were not cotransducible. Results of crosses with donors carrying any one of 11 cml mutations were consistent with the location of all cml mutations between cys-28 and pdx markers. Also, a new Pxl- auxotroph (pdx-6) and two new Cml- mutants were recovered after localized hydroxylamine mutagenesis of a cys-28 cml+ strain derived from VS263 by transduction.
Exploring Biomechanics: Animals in Motion (1992)

Muscle: the motor for animal movement walking and running jumping, climbing and crawling gliding and soaring flapping light floating swimming small-scale locomation epilogue: what we want to know next.