gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of CD4 Down-Modulating Cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) Analogues (2006)

HIV attachment via the CD4 receptor is an important target for developing novel approaches to HIV chemotherapy. Cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) inhibits HIV at submicromolar levels by specifically down-modulating cell-surface and intracellular CD4. An effective five-step synthesis of CADA in 30% overall yield is reported. This synthesis has also been modified to produce more than 50 analogues. Many tail-group analogues have been made by removing the benzyl tail of CADA and replacing it with various alkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl and aminocarbonyl substituents. A series of sidearm analogues, including two unsymmetrical compounds, have also been prepared by modifying the CADA synthesis, replacing the toluenesulfonyl sidearms with other sulfonyl groups. Testing 30 of these compounds in MT-4 cells shows a wide range of CD4 down-modulation potency, which correlates with ability to inhibit HIV-1. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models were constructed using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) approaches. The X-ray crystal structures of four compounds, including CADA, show the same major conformation of the central 12-membered ring. The solid-state structure of CADA was energy minimized and used to generate the remaining 29 structures, which were similarly minimized and aligned to produce the 3D-QSAR models. Both models indicate that steric bulk of the tail group, and, to a lesser extent, the sidearms mainly determine CD4 down-modulation potency in this series of compounds.
Processing and properties of carbon nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite films (2008)

Abstract A systematic study of the reinforcement of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and vapor‐grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is reported. SWNT/PMMA composite films with various SWNT concentrations (from 0.5 to 50 wt % with respect to the weight of PMMA) were processed from nitromethane. Two types of SWNTs were used: SWNT‐A, which contained 35 wt % metal catalyst, and SWNT‐B, which contained about 2.4 wt % metal catalyst. Properties of different nanotubes containing composites were compared with 15 wt % carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Property enhancement included electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and solvent resistance. The thermal degradation of PMMA in the presence of CNTs in air and nitrogen environments was studied. No variation in the thermal degradation behavior of PMMA/CNT was observed in nitrogen. The peak degradation temperature increased for the composites in air at low CNT loadings. Dynamic and thermomechanical properties were also studied. At a 35 wt % SWNT loading, a composite film exhibited good mechanical and electrical properties, good chemical resistance, and a very low coefficient of thermal expansion. Property improvements were rationalized in terms of the nanotube surface area. Composite films were also characterized with Raman spectroscopy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Drive Against Hotspot Motifs in Primates Implicates the <i>PRDM9</i> Gene in Meiotic Recombination (2009)

Although present in both humans and chimpanzees, recombination hotspots, at which meiotic crossover events cluster, differ markedly in their genomic location between the species. We report that a 13-base pair sequence motif previously associated with the activity of 40% of human hotspots does not function in chimpanzees and is being removed by self-destructive drive in the human lineage. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the rapidly evolving zinc-finger protein PRDM9 binds to this motif and that sequence changes in the protein may be responsible for hotspot differences between species. The involvement of PRDM9, which causes histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation, implies that there is a common mechanism for recombination hotspots in eukaryotes but raises questions about what forces have driven such rapid change.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Interleukin-1B (IL-1B), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 and Risk of Prostate Cancer (2006)

Chronic intraprostatic inflammation is suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Polymorphisms in cytokine genes can influence inflammation and immune response and may be related to the risk of prostate cancer. Four common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding interleukin-1B (IL-1B), IL-6, and IL-8 were assessed in 503 prostate cancer cases and 652 controls, and three SNPs in IL-10 were assessed in an additional 817 prostate cancer cases and 1,190 controls (for a total of 1,320 prostate cancer cases and 1,255 controls). Cases and controls were selected from the on-going Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial and were frequency matched on age, ethnicity, time-period since initial screening, and date of blood draw. Single-locus analyses were conducted using conditional logistic regression. In addition, we did a haplotype analysis for the three IL-10 SNPs tested. Overall, no associations were detected between the seven polymorphisms in the four cytokine genes examined in this study and prostate cancer risk. Further stratifying by use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs did not modify the associations. Findings were similar for early or advanced prostate cancers. Similarly, we observed no association between the major IL-10 haplotypes and the risk of prostate cancer. At least seven common polymorphisms in genes of inflammatory cytokines IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 do not seem to play a role in the risk of prostate cancer.
A Novel Bistable Double-Barrier Resonant Tunnel Diode by Charging Effect of InAs Dots (1997)

We report on a novel bistable current voltage characteristics of GaAs/AlGaAs double-barrier resonant tunnel diodes (DBRTDs) with self-assembled InAs dots buried in the GaAs cathode layer. The memory effect was observed at room temperature and is likely to be caused by the charging and discharging of InAs dots, where the discharging takes place through tunneling via resonance states in the adjacent quantum well.
Lack of Correlation Between Human y-Positive Spermatozoa and Acrosomal Abnormalities and Variations in Intensity of Fluorescence of Sperm Stained with Quinacrine Compounds (1985)

Seminal fluid from 170 men was examined for acrosomal abnormalities of sperm (Papanicolaou procedure × 1000) and for y-positive cells (quinacrine-stained smears). No correlation was found between these parameters, suggesting that acrosomal abnormalities are similarly distributed among x- and y-bearing spermatozoa. The proportion of y-positive sperm was found to be low (23.6 + 10.7% (SD) for the oligozoospermic specimens and 23.7 ± 9.8% for specimens with sperm counts above 40 million/ml). Three degrees of fluorescence intensity were observed-weak, moderate, and strong-the strong fluorescence being associated with the highest percentage of y-bodies (30.6 ± 12.7%, 36.6 ± 5.7%) and the weak fluorescence with the lowest (16.7 ± 7.0%, 15.0 ± 9.5%). It is suggested that structural abnormalities and/or metabolic alterations in either the DNA molecule or the chromosomal proteins may be responsible for variability in the ability to bind quinacrine compounds.
Estimation of heart rate from photoplethysmography during physical exercise using Wiener filtering and the phase vocoder (2015)

A system for estimation of the heart rate (HR) from the photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal during intensive physical exercises is presented. The Wiener filter is used to attenuate the noise introduced by the motion artifacts in the PPG signals. The frequency with the highest magnitude estimated using Fourier transformation is selected from the resultant de-noised signal. The phase vocoder technique is exploited to refine the frequency estimate, from which the HR in beats per minute (BPM) is finally calculated. On a publically available database of twenty three PPG recordings, the proposed technique obtains an error of 2.28 BPM. A relative error rate reduction of 18% is obtained when comparing with the state-of-the art PPG-based HR estimation methods. The proposed system is shown to be robust to strong motion artifact, produces high accuracy results and has very few free parameters, in contrast to other available approaches. The algorithm has low computational cost and can be used for fitness tracking and health monitoring in wearable devices.
Deposition of Aerosol Particles from Moving Gas Streams (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeposition of Aerosol Particles from Moving Gas StreamsH. F. Johnstone and M. N. RobertsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 11, 2417–2423Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50479a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50479a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Les friches industrielles de l'économique à l'urbain (1991)

EnglishIndustrial wastelands are frequently viewed as an exclusively economic problem. However, ideas on this subject as well as the manner in which such areas are reclaimed show that this is also an economic and cultural issue. As a result the question of redeveloping industrial areas is now at the centre of a major change which is currently taking place : cities with their specific amenities represent a fundamental feature of economic activity. francaisLes friches industrielles sont souvent traitees comme un probleme exclusivement economique. Or l'evolution des discours qu'on leur consacre, tout autant que l'evolution des pratiques de reprises de friche, montre que les questions soulevees sont egalement politiques, culturelles et formelles, si bien que, finalement, la requalification des espaces industriels introduit au coeur d'un changement majeur aujourd'hui : la ville, avec ses qualites d'urbanite, devient un des fondements de l'activite economique.
Effect of short‐chain branching on melt fracture behavior of metallocene and conventional poly(ethylene/α‐olefin) copolymers (2012)

Abstract A phenomenon that can represent a great problem in melt processing is extrudate distortion. This effect can range in intensity from a loss of gloss to gross distortion and is the factor that limits the production rate in certain processes such as the blown film extrusion of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE). The aim of this work was to investigate the effects that molecular weight distribution and short‐chain branch length have on the observed melt fracture phenomena for poly(ethylene/α‐olefin) resins with similar weight comonomer content and molecular weight. The flow stability analysis conducted in this study has shown that, even increasing of few carbon atoms the short‐chain branch length of the resins, the surface melt fracture phenomena are reduced and/or eliminated. Moreover, the comparison between the metallocene (mLLDPE) and conventional LLDPE samples, with the same comonomer (hexene), showed that the metallocene‐catalyzed resin exhibits early onset and more severe melt fracture, due to its narrower molecular weight distribution. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 52:1968–1977, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Non-stationary blind deconvolution of medical ultrasound scans (2017)

In linear approximation, the formation of a radio-frequency (RF) ultrasound image can be described based on a standard convolution model in which the image is obtained as a result of convolution of the point spread function (PSF) of the ultrasound scanner in use with a tissue reflectivity function (TRF). Due to the band-limited nature of the PSF, the RF images can only be acquired at a finite spatial resolution, which is often insufficient for proper representation of the diagnostic information contained in the TRF. One particular way to alleviate this problem is by means of image deconvolution, which is usually performed in a “blind” mode, when both PSF and TRF are estimated at the same time. Despite its proven effectiveness, blind deconvolution (BD) still suffers from a number of drawbacks, chief among which stems from its dependence on a stationary convolution model, which is incapable of accounting for the spatial variability of the PSF. As a result, virtually all existing BD algorithms are applied to localized segments of RF images. In this work, we introduce a novel method for non-stationary BD, which is capable of recovering the TRF concurrently with the spatially variable PSF. Particularly, our approach is based on semigroup theory which allows one to describe the effect of such a PSF in terms of the action of a properly defined linear semigroup. The approach leads to a tractable optimization problem, which can be solved using standard numerical methods. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is supported by experiments with in vivo ultrasound data.
Measurement method for the spacing fluctuation of a head slider in a magnetic disk drive (1987)

This paper presents a method for measuring the head slider spacing fluctuation induced by wavy deformation in a disk. The author's first experiment reveals that disk wavy deformation, which is considered to appear in building up a magnetic disk drive, shortens working life time. To supply a reliable disk drive, it is necessary to evaluate disk waviness after building up a disk drive. The simple and practical readback signal modulation (RSM) method was investigated here. The second experiments, including the measurement of the spacing loss effect in recording, reveal that spacing fluctuation, measured by the RSM method, is in good agreement with that estimated theoretically from the disk displacement waveform. It becomes possible to evaluate the head slider spacing fluctuation quantitatively after building up a disk drive.
Nebulised therapy in acute severe bronchiolitis in infancy. (1983)

We have measured total work of breathing before and after the inhalation of water, salbutamol, and ipratropium bromide, given as nebulised solutions, in 39 studies on 25 infants with acute, severe bronchiolitis. Twenty minutes after nebulised water, mean work of breathing per minute was increased by 4% and work per litre by 10% with 2 infants having significant improvement and 2 others showing deterioration. After salbutamol, mean work of breathing per minute showed a 22% increase and work per litre a 0.5% rise. The condition of only one child improved by greater than 25% after this drug. Ipratropium bromide led to significant improvement in 6 out of 15 studies and no corresponding deterioration. The group results showed a fall in work of breathing, 18% in work per minute and 16% in work per litre.
The Oxidation of Unsaturated Compounds. VIII. The Oxidation of Aliphatic Unsaturated Compounds<sup>1,*</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Oxidation of Unsaturated Compounds. VIII. The Oxidation of Aliphatic Unsaturated Compounds1,*Frank R. MayoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 10, 2497–2500Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01543a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01543a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanofiber adsorbents for high productivity continuous downstream processing (2015)

An ever increasing focus is being placed on the manufacturing costs of biotherapeutics. The drive towards continuous processing offers one opportunity to address these costs through the advantages it offers. Continuous operation presents opportunities for real-time process monitoring and automated control with potential benefits including predictable product specification, reduced labour costs, and integration with other continuous processes. Specifically to chromatographic operations continuous processing presents an opportunity to use expensive media more efficiently while reducing their size and therefore cost. Here for the first time we show how a new adsorbent material (cellulosic nanofibers) having advantageous convective mass transfer properties can be combined with a high frequency simulated moving bed (SMB) design to provide superior productivity in a simple bioseparation. Electrospun polymeric nanofiber adsorbents offer an alternative ligand support surface for bioseparations. Their non-woven fiber structure with diameters in the sub-micron range creates a remarkably high surface area material that allows for rapid convective flow operations. A proof of concept study demonstrated the performance of an anion exchange nanofiber adsorbent based on criteria including flow and mass transfer properties, binding capacity, reproducibility and life-cycle performance. Binding capacities of the DEAE adsorbents were demonstrated to be 10mg/mL, this is indeed only a fraction of what is achievable from porous bead resins but in combination with a very high flowrate, the productivity of the nanofiber system is shown to be significant. Suitable packing into a flow distribution device has allowed for reproducible bind-elute operations at flowrates of 2,400 cm/h, many times greater than those used in typical beaded systems. These characteristics make them ideal candidates for operation in continuous chromatography systems. A SMB system was developed and optimised to demonstrate the productivity of nanofiber adsorbents through rapid bind-elute cycle times of 7s which resulted in a 15-fold increase in productivity compared with packed bed resins. Reproducible performance of BSA purification was demonstrated using a 2-component protein solution of BSA and cytochrome c. The SMB system exploits the advantageous convective mass transfer properties of nanofiber adsorbents to provide productivities much greater than those achievable with conventional chromatography media.
Interfacial Stacks of Polymeric Nanofilms on Soft Biological Surfaces that Release Multiple Agents (2016)

We report a general and facile method that permits the transfer (stacking) of multiple independently fabricated and nanoscopically thin polymeric films, each containing a distinct bioactive agent, onto soft biomedically relevant surfaces (e.g., collagen-based wound dressings). By using polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEMs) formed from poly(allyl amine hydrochloride) and poly(acrylic acid) as representative polymeric nanofilms and micrometer-thick water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) sacrificial films to stack the PEMs, we demonstrate that it is possible to create stacked polymeric constructs containing multiple bioactive agents (e.g., antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents) on soft and chemically complex surfaces onto which PEMs cannot be routinely transferred by stamping. We illustrate the characteristics and merits of the approach by fabricating stacks of Ga<sup>3+</sup> (antibiofilm agent)- and Ag<sup>+</sup> (antimicrobial agent)-loaded PEMs as prototypical examples of agent-containing PEMs and demonstrate that the stacked PEMs incorporate precise loadings of the agents and provide flexibility in terms of tuning release rates. Specifically, we show that simultaneous release of Ga<sup>3+</sup> and Ag<sup>+</sup> from the stacked PEMs on collagen-based wound dressings can lead to synergistic effects on bacteria, killing and dispersing biofilms formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two strains: ATCC 27853 and MPAO1) at sufficiently low loadings of agents such that cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells are avoided. The approach is general (a wide range of bioactive agents other than Ga<sup>3+</sup> and Ag<sup>+</sup> can be incorporated into PEMs), and the modular nature of the approach potentially allows end-user functionalization of soft biological surfaces for programmed release of multiple bioactive agents.
Ankle springs instead of arc-shaped feet for passive dynamic walkers (2006)

Passive dynamic walking is interesting for humanoid robots because of the efficient, natural-looking, and naturally stable gait. However, most prototypes so far have been equipped with arc-shaped feet rigidly mounted to the shank, which has been deemed 'non-human', and it prevents certain functions such as standing still. In this paper, we show that the rigid arc feet can be replaced by flat feet that are mounted on ankles with a torsional spring stiffness. The spring stiffness has a similar effect as the foot radius; it reduces the sensitivity to disturbances and thus improves the disturbance handling. We have already implemented the idea in various prototypes, but in this paper we focus on the disturbance behavior of a simple 2D straight-legged passive walking model.
Learned Forensic Source Similarity for Unknown Camera Models (2018)

Information about an image's source camera model is important knowledge in many forensic investigations. In this paper we propose a system that compares two image patches to determine if they were captured by the same camera model. To do this, we first train a CNN based feature extractor to output generic, high level features which encode information about the source camera model of an image patch. Then, we learn a similarity measure that maps pairs of these features to a score indicating whether the two image patches were captured by the same or different camera models. We show that our proposed system accurately determines if two patches were captured by the same or different camera models, even when the camera models are unknown to the investigator. We also demonstrate the utility of this approach for image splicing detection and localization.