gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theory Solving Made Easy with Clingo 5 (2016)

Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a model, ground, and solve paradigm. The integration of application- or theory-specific reasoning into ASP systems thus impacts on many if not all elements of its workflow, viz. input language, grounding, intermediate language, solving, and output format. We address this challenge with the fifth generation of the ASP system clingo and its grounding and solving components by equipping them with well-defined generic interfaces facilitating the manifold integration efforts. On the grounder's side, we introduce a generic way of specifying language extensions and propose an intermediate format accommodating their ground representation. At the solver end, this is accompanied by high-level interfaces easing the integration of theory propagators dealing with these extensions.
Image recognition using surface scattered light in a coherent optical processor (1992)

Object recognition using the diffusely scattered light from an objects surface is theoretically and experimentally examined. In this configuration the positioning tolerances for the matched spatial filter are considerably relaxed and spatial multiplexing becomes an inherent property of the system.<
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Determination of the Heat Stability Profiles of Concentrated Milk and Milk Ingredients Using High Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy (2005)

In the present work, we used high resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy for the analysis of heat coagulation process in milks. Two skim milks recombined from powder samples differing by their preheating treatments as well as dairy ingredients (phosphocasein, whey protein isolate, and a milk model) were monitored while submitted to a temperature of 120 degrees C. Three stages in the precoagulation and coagulation processes can be distinguished in the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation profiles. The first stage shows a very sharp decrease in ultrasonic velocity and increase in ultrasonic attenuation. This could be attributed to fast denaturation and aggregation of whey proteins and precipitation of calcium phosphate. In the second stage, small changes in ultrasonic velocity are observed, the rate of which depends on the nature and pH of the samples. In the third stage, a sharp decrease in ultrasonic velocity and attenuation is recorded for all samples, which corresponds to the coagulation and formation of the gel network. After coagulation, a very small change in ultrasonic velocity and attenuation was observed. From the ultrasonic measurements, we determined the heat stability vs. pH profiles of the different samples studied. The observed ultrasonic attenuation profiles were also interpreted in terms of changes in the size of casein micelles and coagulation processes.
On the detection of small UAV using a GSM passive coherent location system (2016)

The widespread availability of consumer grade drones in the recent time has lead to new security and surveillance challenges. The detection and localization of these unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) mark an essential step to identify possible risks at an early stage before taking appropriate countermeasures. This paper describes the results of an experimental trial conducted to examine the detectability of small UAV using a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) based passive coherent location (PCL) system.
Mammographic parenchymal patterns. Risk indicator for breast cancer? (1982)

Mammographic parenchymal patterns, originally presented as a new risk factor for breast cancer, have been prospectively studied in a large (27,157 examinations) consecutive screening population. Although there is a significantly higher risk of breast cancer in the so-called dysplastic breasts (P2 and DY pattern groups), the classification is of little practical value, as more than 72% of the cancers in the prevalent population were found in the so-called low-risk breasts (N1 and P1 pattern groups). A similar trend occurred at repeated screening of younger women, in which most of the "incident" cancers were found in the "low-risk" breasts. These patterns should not be used to influence patient management or screening programs.
A modular correctness proof of IEEE 802.11i and TLS (2005)

The IEEE 802.11i wireless networking protocol provides mutual authentication between a network access point and user devices prior to user connectivity. The protocol consists of several parts, including an 802.1X authentication phase using TLS over EAP, the 4-Way Handshake to establish a fresh session key, and an optional Group Key Handshake for group communications. Motivated by previous vulnerabilities in related wireless protocols and changes in 802.11i to provide better security, we carry out a formal proof of correctness using a Protocol Composition Logic previously used for other protocols. The proof is modular, comprising a separate proof for each protocol section and providing insight into the networking environment in which each section can be reliably used. Further, the proof holds for a variety of failure recovery strategies and other implementation and configuration options. Since SSL/TLS is widely used apart from 802.11i, the security proof for SSL/TLS has independent interest.
Intelligent In-Vehicle Control and Navigation Based on Multi-Route Traffic Optimization (2006)

Intelligent in-vehicle control and navigation system (IVCN) is a significant traveler information service, providing each vehicle a dynamic optimized route in terms of shortest travel time or comfort degree. Firstly, the concept and system configuration of IVCN is described, explaining how IVCN is deployed in China in contrast with in America and other countries. Further more, a detailed description of multi-vehicle route optimization algorithm (MVRO) data flow for IVCN is presented to interpret how IVCN computes shortest path for multi-vehicles at one time. And the third important part is related to travel time prediction model considering traffic signal intersection, which is essential to IVCN called as link cost, an important parameter for route optimization. In the last, IVNS development and test in Changchun city are concluded, the information platform is constructed and the in-vehicle control and navigation unit is developed. The test operation results show that IVCN has perfect performance such as making travel faster and reducing average travel time 12%
Celestial Distances (1942)

When asked to give this lecture I was given to understand that this Society would like a change from the discussion of pedagogical methods and school problems, and could do with something that had nothing to do with teaching at all. In other words, I was to talk about stars and not to mention schools. Well, I promise to do that, though I must confess that the fact that members of the Society are teachers was at the back of my mind when choosing the subject. The schoolboy and schoolgirl and the man in the street know that celestial distances are very large; in fact the adjective “astronomical” has been sadly degraded by being applied to such mundane affairs as the figures of the national debt—and a schoolboy of enquiring mind may ask how the astronomers measure such distances. Such an enquiry is often tinged with a certain scepticism—sometimes politely veiled, sometimes not. When you tell a member of the public that a certain nebula is many million light years away and that a light year is 6 billion miles, he is apt to adopt the attitude of mind indicated by the phrase, “You’re telling me”, and to wonder what meaning such a monstrous distance can have: and how does the astronomer know, anyway?
The role of cytokines and chemokines in the T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune process in alopecia areata (2014)

The aetiology of alopecia areata (AA) is still not fully understood. However, recent clinical and experimental studies have provided insights into the pathomechanisms of AA and revealed that it is an organ-specific and cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Some triggers, such as viral infections, trauma, hormones and emotional/physical stressors, may cause activation of autoreactive T cells that target hair follicle (HF) autoantigens. In these immunological responses, cytokines and chemokines are regarded as key players that mediate the autoimmune inflammation. This results in the collapse of HF immune privilege, which is central to the pathogenesis of AA. This essay will focus on how cytokines and chemokines contribute to the immunological aspects of AA. The management of AA often remains difficult in a number of cases. Our review suggests that novel therapies for AA may involve targeting cytokines and chemokines.
Effect of Reboxetine on Depression in Parkinson’s Disease Patients (2002)

Reboxetine appears to be effective and well tolerated in Parkinson's disease patients receiving 4 weeks of treatment of moderate-to-severe depression. There are good theoretical and clinical reasons, including pharmacologic specificity of effects and low incidence of side effects, to consider reboxetine for treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease.
Challenges in testing TSV-based 3D stacked ICs: Test flows, test contents, and test access (2010)

Three-dimensional stacked ICs (3D-SICs) based on Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) have many attractive benefits and hence are quickly gaining ground. Testing such products for manufacturing defects is still fraught with many challenges. This paper provides an overview of those challenges and their emerging solutions, categorized in the areas of (1) test flows, (2) test contents, and (3) test access.
Transport and application protocol scrubbing (2002)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a protocol scrubber, a transparent interposition mechanism for explicitly removing network attacks at both the transport and application protocol layers. The transport scrubber supports downstream passive network-based intrusion detection systems; whereas the application scrubbing mechanism supports transparent fail-closed active network-based intrusion detection systems. The transport scrubber's role is to convert ambiguous network flows into well-behaved flows that are unequivocally interpreted by all downstream endpoints. As an example, this paper presents the implementation of a TCP/IP scrubber that eliminates insertion and evasion attacks-attacks that use ambiguities to subvert detection-on passive network-based intrusion detection systems, while preserving high performance. The application protocol scrubbing mechanism is used as a substrate for building fail-closed active network based intrusion detections systems that can respond to attacks by eluding or modifying application data flows in real-time. This paper presents the high performance implementation of a general purpose transparent application-level scrubbing toolkit in the FreeBSD kernel.
Orthography as a pronunciation resource (1987)

ABSTRACT: Of the newest trends in English pronunciation teaching‐the emphases on fast‐speech phenomena, phrase rhythm, word stress, and the use of orthography as a learning tool‐only this last is calculated to produce independent, self‐sufficient learners, capable of increasing in oral proficiency outside the classroom, away from textbooks, and beyond the influence of teachers. This article draws together and illustrates the most compelling reasons for teachers to introduce spelling information into their pronunciation work. Highlighted throughout are two points: (1) the significant benefits to students from a systematic exposure to spelling‐based prediction patterns, and (2) the nature of learner‐orientated rules of pronunciation, often less familiar to teachers than rules of grammar.
Process Mining, Discovery, and Integration using Distance Measures (2006)

Business processes continue to play an important role in today's service-oriented enterprise computing systems. Mining, discovering, and integrating process-oriented services has attracted growing attention in the recent year. In this paper we present a quantitative approach to modeling and capturing the similarity and dissimilarity between different process designs. We derive the similarity measures by analyzing the process dependency graphs of the participating workflow processes. We first convert each process dependency graph into a normalized process matrix. Then we calculate the metric space distance between the normalized matrices. This distance measure can be used as a quantitative and qualitative tool in process mining, process merging, and process clustering, and ultimately it can reduce or minimize the costs involved in design, analysis, and evolution of workflow systems
Autocrine Effects of Tumor-Derived Complement (2014)

We describe a role for the complement system in enhancing cancer growth. Cancer cells secrete complement proteins that stimulate tumor growth upon activation. Complement promotes tumor growth via a direct autocrine effect that is partially independent of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells. Activated C5aR and C3aR signal through the PI3K/AKT pathway in cancer cells, and silencing the PI3K or AKT gene in cancer cells eliminates the progrowth effects of C5aR and C3aR stimulation. In patients with ovarian or lung cancer, higher tumoral C3 or C5aR mRNA levels were associated with decreased overall survival. These data identify a role for tumor-derived complement proteins in promoting tumor growth, and they therefore have substantial clinical and therapeutic implications.
Automatic Imaging System With Decision Support for Inspection of Pigmented Skin Lesions and Melanoma Diagnosis (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, we describe an automatic system for inspection of pigmented skin lesions and melanoma diagnosis, which supports images of skin lesions acquired using a conventional (consumer level) digital camera. More importantly, our system includes a decision support component, which combines the outcome of the image classification with context knowledge such as skin type, age, gender, and affected body part. This allows the estimation of the personal risk of melanoma, so as to add confidence to the classification. We found that our system classified images with an accuracy of 86%, with a sensitivity of 94%, and specificity of 68%. The addition of context knowledge was indeed able to point to images that were erroneously classified as benign, albeit not to all of them. </para>
Glutamate-binding affinity of<i>Drosophila</i>metabotropic glutamate receptor is modulated by association with lipid rafts (2003)

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are responsible for the effects of glutamate in slow synaptic transmission, and are implicated in the regulation of many processes in the CNS. Recently, we have reported the expression and purification of a mGluR from Drosophila melanogaster (DmGluRA), a homologue of mammalian group II mGluRs. We have shown that ligand binding to reconstituted DmGluRA requires the presence of ergosterol in the liposomes [Eroglu, C., Cronet, P., Panneels, V., Beaufils, P. & Sinning, I. (2002) EMBO Rep. 3, 491-496]. Here we demonstrate that the receptor exists in different affinity states for glutamate, depending on the membrane composition. The receptor is in a high-affinity state when associated with sterol-rich lipid microdomains (rafts), and in a low-affinity state out of rafts. Enrichment of the membranes with cholesterol shifts the receptor into the high-affinity state, and induces its association with rafts. The receptor was crosslinked to photocholesterol. Our data suggest that sterol-rich lipid rafts act as positive allosteric regulators of DmGluRA.
DNA annealing by Rad52 Protein is stimulated by specific interaction with the complex of replication protein A and single-stranded DNA (1998)

Homologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends critically on RAD52 function. In vitro, Rad52 protein preferentially binds single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), mediates annealing of complementary ssDNA, and stimulates Rad51 protein-mediated DNA strand exchange. Replication protein A (RPA) is a ssDNA-binding protein that is also crucial to the recombination process. Herein we report that Rad52 protein effects the annealing of RPA-ssDNA complexes, complexes that are otherwise unable to anneal. The ability of Rad52 protein to promote annealing depends on both the type of ssDNA substrate and ssDNA binding protein. RPA allows, but slows, Rad52 protein-mediated annealing of oligonucleotides. In contrast, RPA is almost essential for annealing of longer plasmid-sized DNA but has little effect on the annealing of poly(dT) and poly(dA), which are relatively long DNA molecules free of secondary structure. These results suggest that one role of RPA in Rad52 protein-mediated annealing is the elimination of DNA secondary structure. However, neither Escherichia coli ssDNA binding protein nor human RPA can substitute in this reaction, indicating that RPA has a second role in this process, a role that requires specific RPA-Rad52 protein interactions. This idea is confirmed by the finding that RPA, which is complexed with nonhomologous ssDNA, inhibits annealing but the human RPA-ssDNA complex does not. Finally, we present a model for the early steps of the repair of double-strand DNA breaks in yeast.
Development and testing of a 180-volt dc electronic circuit breaker with a 335-ampere carry and 1200-ampere interrupt rating (1991)

NASA Lewis Research Center and associated contractors have conducted a program to assess the potential requirements for a high-current switch to conceptually design a switch using the best existing technology, and to build and demonstrate a breadboard which meets the requirements. The result is the high current remote bus isolator (HRBI). The HRBI is rated at 180 V dc, 335 A continuous with a 1200 A interrupt rating. It also incorporates remote-control and protective features called for by the Space Station Freedom PMAD dc test bed design. Two breadboard 335 A circuit breakers were built and tested that demonstrate a promising concept of paralleled current-limiting modules. The units incorporated all control and protective features required by advanced aerospace power systems. Component stresses in each unit were determined by design, and are consistent with a life of many thousands of fault operations.
A Temperature-Stable Metal Detector (2008)

The design of a temperature-stable metal detector is analyzed. A mathematical analysis method was used to find critical points that have influence on the thermal stability of the metal detector. Practical measures for ensuring thermal stability are considered. Thermal test results are described. The improvement of the thermal stability of the metal detector allows one to minimize the risk of false indication.
Silvestro da Prierio and the Pomponazzi Affair (2009)

The Italian Dominican friar Silvestro Mazzolini da Prierio (1456-1527), known as Prierias, served as Master of the Sacred Palace during the pontificates of Leo X, Adrian VI and Clement VII. He is chiefly remembered for his involvement in the cases of Luther and Reuchlin and an epistolary exchange with Erasmus. In this paper it is argued that he also played an important role in the Pomponazzi affair. Furthermore, Prierias’ intervention largely explains Bartolomeo Spina’s own polemics against both Pomponazzi and Cajetan.
Large-Scale Deterministic IP Network (2019)

This document presents the overall framework and key method for Large-
scale Deterministic Network (LDN). LDN can provide bounded latency and
delay variation (jitter) without requiring precise time
synchronization among nodes, or per-flow state in transit nodes.
General Route toward Side-Chain-Functionalized α-Helical Polypeptides (2010)

A series of poly(gamma-chloropropyl-L-glutamate) (PCPLG) with controlled polymer molecular weight (MW = 5-28 kg x mol(-1)) and molecular weight distribution (PDI = 1.16-1.26) have been prepared from hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)-mediated ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of gamma-chloropropyl-L-glutamic acid based N-carboxylanhydride (CP-NCA). CD, FTIR, and WAXS analysis reveal that the polymers adopt alpha-helical conformations both in solution and the solid state. Their helical surfaces can be readily decorated with functional moieties to confer desired properties, as demonstrated by the quantitative derivatization of the PCPLG side chains with azido functional groups that are amendable to "click" chemistry. Subsequent side-chain conjugation with mannose moieties via copper-mediated [2 + 3] alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition affords water-soluble mannose-polypeptide conjugates with quantitative grafting efficiency occurring under mild conditions. CD analysis reveals that the mannose-polypeptide conjugates also retain alpha-helical conformations in aqueous solution.
Formation of regularly arranged large grain silicon islands by using embedded micro mirrors in the flash crystallization of amorphous silicon (2014)

The well-controlled formation of large silicon grains on predetermined positions is a key issue in order to produce single-grain thin film transistors on insulating substrates and thus to enable monolithic 3D integration. One way to achieve this is to artificially control the solidification of molten silicon during the flash crystallization of amorphous silicon. In this work, we present such an approach in which we used patterned metal layers below the amorphous silicon. The metal spots act as embedded micro mirrors and consequently introduce a lateral temperature gradient into the silicon film during flash crystallization. As a result, the grain growth from molten silicon is seeded from the predefined regions with the lowest temperature and thus the formation of large crystal silicon islands proceeds in a controlled manner. In the scope of this study, we evaluated a variety of different mirror patterns with respect to their suitability for this approach and observed that patterns of both circular and line-shaped mirrors are the most promising variants. The resulting silicon islands have pillow-like shapes and are located exclusively in regions between neighboring mirrors. They exhibit dimensions of a few tens of micrometers and consist of grains with sizes up to 28 μm. The formation of single-grain silicon pillow-like structures was observed for particular mirror patterns having circular mirrors. On the other hand, the application of mirror patterns with line-shaped mirrors resulted in the formation of elongated silicon grains which we explained in terms of lateral solidification starting from one edge. Furthermore, this approach exhibits grain filter characteristics leading to the controlled growth of large single grains at predetermined positions.
Proteomic and functional characterisation of platelet microparticle size classes (2009)

PMP were separated into 4 size classes to facilitate identification of active protein and lipid components. PMP were obtained from activated human platelets and separated into 4 size classes by gel filtration chromatography. Proteins were identified using 2-dimensional, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Functional effects on platelets were determined using the PFA-100 and on endothelial cells by measuring transendothelial cell electrical resistance. PMP size classes differed significantly in their contents of plasma membrane receptors and adhesion molecules, chemokines, growth factors and protease inhibitors. The two smallest size classes (3 and 4) inhibited collagen/adenosine-diphosphate-mediated platelet thrombus formation, while fractions 2 and 4 stimulated barrier formation by endothelial cells. Heat denaturation blocked the effect of fraction 4 on endothelial cell function, but not fraction 2 implying that the active component in fraction 4 is a protein and in fraction 2 is a heat-stable protein or lipid but not sphingosine-1-phosphate. Proteomic and functional analysis of PMP size fractions has shown that PMP can be separated into different size classes that differ in protein components, protein/lipid ratio, and functional effects on platelets and endothelial cells. This analysis will facilitate identification of active components in the PMP and clarify their involvement in diseases such as atherosclerosis and cancer.