gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Techno-Economic and Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Management from Potato Starch Production: Present Status and Alternative Biotreatments (2017)

Potato liquor, a byproduct of potato starch production, is steam-treated to produce protein isolate. The heat treated potato liquor (HTPL), containing significant amounts of organic compounds, still needs to be further treated before it is discarded. Presently, the most common strategy for HTPL management is concentrating it via evaporation before using it as a fertilizer. In this study, this scenario was compared with two biotreatments: (1) fermentation using filamentous fungus R. oryzae to produce a protein-rich biomass, and (2) anaerobic digestion of the HTPL to produce biogas. Technical, economic and environmental analyses were performed via computational simulation to determine potential benefits of the proposed scenarios to a plant discarding 19.64 ton/h of HTPL. Fungal cultivation was found to be the preferred scenario with respect to the economic aspects. This scenario needed only 46% of the investment needed for the evaporation scenario. In terms of the environmental impacts, fungal cultivation yielded the lowest impacts in the acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication and freshwater ecotoxicity impact categories. The lowest impact in the climate change category was obtained when using the HTPL for anaerobic digestion.
Enhancement of infrared emission in Er<sup>3+</sup>, Yb<sup>3+</sup> co‐doped sodium niobium tellurite nano glass‐ceramics (2013)

Abstract In the present work, sodium niobium tellurite (SNT) glass‐ceramics co‐doped with Er 2 O 3 and Yb 2 O 3 were prepared and analyzed. Initially SNT glasses were prepared using high pure chemicals namely TeO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , Na 2 CO 3 , B 2 O 3 , and SiO 2 . DTA analysis was performed to identify the glass transition ( T g ) and crystallization ( T c ) temperatures. Following the data of DTA, the initial host glass was annealed at different temperatures (450, 550, and 650 °C). From the XRD pattern, glass annealed at 650 °C is taken to be optimized temperature for the formation of glass‐ceramics from the host glass. The glass‐ceramics thus formed were found to be translucent rather transparent. Similar procedure is followed to form Er 3+ single doped and Er 3+ , Yb 3+ co‐doped SNT glass‐ceramics. It was found that the crystallite size in the glass‐ceramics calculated from the Debye Scherrer's formula is around the nano scale. Optical absorption and Judd–Ofelt (J–O) calculations were done for the transparent glasses doped with the rare earths. Radiative properties were also estimated from the J–O parameters. NIR emission spectra specifically observing the 1.5 µm luminescence of Er 3+ ion in the doped glasses and glass‐ceramics were recorded. It was found that nano glass‐ceramics co‐doped with Er 3+ and Yb 3+ ions were of maximum efficiency compared to single Er 3+ doped SNT glass which could be used for fiber amplifiers in the NIR region.
Measuring torsional eye movements by tracking stable iris features (2010)

We propose a new method to measure torsional eye movements from videos taken of the eye. In this method, we track iris features that have been identified as Maximally Stable Volumes. These features, which are stable over time, are dark regions with bright borders that are steep in intensity. The advantage of Maximally Stable Volumes is that they are robust to nonuniform illumination and to large changes in eye and camera position. The method performs well even when the iris is partially occluded by reflections or eyelids, and is faster than cross-correlation. In addition, it is possible to use the method on videos of macaque eyes taken in the infrared, where the iris appears almost featureless.
Genome-wide association to body mass index and waist circumference: the Framingham Heart Study 100K project (2007)

Adiposity traits are associated with SNPs on the Affymetrix 100K SNP GeneChip. Replication of these initial findings is necessary. These data will serve as a resource for replication as more genes become identified with BMI and WC.
Finding deterministic solution from underdetermined equation (2009)

The aggressive scaling of IC technology results in high-dimensional, strongly-nonlinear performance variability that cannot be efficiently captured by traditional modeling techniques. In this paper, we adapt a novel L1-norm regularization method to address this modeling challenge. Our goal is to solve a large number of (e.g., 104~106) model coefficients from a small set of (e.g., 102~103) sampling points without over-fitting. This is facilitated by exploiting the underlying sparsity of model coefficients. Namely, although numerous basis functions are needed to span the high-dimensional, strongly-nonlinear variation space, only a few of them play an important role for a given performance of interest. An efficient algorithm of least angle regression (LAR) is applied to automatically select these important basis functions based on a limited number of simulation samples. Several circuit examples designed in a commercial 65nm process demonstrate that LAR achieves up to 25x speedup compared with the traditional least-squares fitting.
The Krakalpak-Australian Excavations in Ancient Chorasmia: the Northern Frontier of the 'Civilised' Ancient World (2002)

From about the 7 t h /6 t h centuries BC ancient Chorasmia was located south of the Aral Sea, in the delta of the Classical Oxus River (mod. Amu-dar'ya). To the north lay the Inner Asian steppe (now Kazakhstan), to the west the cliffs of the inhospitable Ustiurt Plateau (further west, the Caspian Sea), to the east the delta of the Classical Jaxartes (mod. S'ir-dar'ya), and to the south two deserts, the Kara-kum and Kz'il-kum which separated Chorasmia from Margiana and Sogdiana. Its geographical isolation form the civilsed ancient Indo-Iranian world resulted in virtually independent cultural development for much of its early history and, later on, after the devastation caused by the Mongols and particularly Timur, remarkable preservation of pre-Islamic monuments the like of which cannot be found anywhere else in Central Asia. Long before archaeological explorations began, Chorasmia was known from Persian and Greek texts as a province (satrapy) of the Achaemenid Persian empire; it also stands as the possible area of the Aryan Expanse of the Avesta, as the best land created by Ahura Mazda and therefore of signal importance regarding the early stages of the Zoroastrian faith. By the time of Alexander the Great Chorasmia was independent and had a king. This is the last textual mention of Chorasmia until the early medieval period, although it may have had relations with the Kushan empire at least from the 2 n d century AD onward. Exploration began in the I930s under the leadership of S. P. Tolstov who founded the Chorasmian Archaeological Expedition whose work continued up to the collapse of the Soviet Union in I991. Since I995 the University of Sydney Central Asian Programme (USCAP) and the Karakalpak Branch of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences have conducted excavations in eastern Chorasmia, at two key sites: Kazakl'i-yatkan (Akcha-khani-kalesi), a heavily fortified site (Rus. gorodishche) which may have been one of the sacral centres of ancient Chorasmia; and at Tash-kirman-tepe, one of the earliest, undisputed (Zoroastrian) fire temples yet discovered. Both sites may date back to the early 4 t h century BC and some standing remains may be even more ancient. Both sites were abandoned during the Kushan period after about the 2 n d century AD.
Comparative susceptibilities of human embryonic fibroblasts and HeLa cells for isolation of human rhinoviruses (1996)

The recovery of human rhinovirus (HRV) from nasal washings and nasal and pharyngeal swabs from volunteers with naturally acquired colds was compared in different cell types. Human embryonic lung fibroblast (HELF) strain WI-38 (sensitivity, 61 to 84%) and HeLa-I, an HRV-susceptible HeLa clone (sensitivity, 86 to 94%), were the most sensitive cell types used. HELF-WI-38 cells showed a cytopathic effect earlier than the other cells used, and the different strains of HRV-susceptible HeLa cells varied in their sensitivities for HRV isolation. HRV was detected in a single cell type in 20 to 35% of the positive samples, suggesting that use of a combination of different HRV-susceptible cell lines is the best approach for the recovery of HRV. Although nasal washings tended to yield more HRV isolates than nasal and pharyngeal swabs, the two sampling methods were not found to be significantly different.
Bulk derivatization and direct injection of human cerebrospinal fluid for trace‐level quantification of endogenous estrogens using trap‐and‐elute liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (2014)

Although there are existing methods for determining estrogen in human bodily fluids including blood plasma and serum, very little information is available regarding estrogen levels in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is critical to assess in studies of neuroprotective functions and diffusion of neuroprotective estrogens across the blood-brain barrier. To address this problem, a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of four endogenous estrogens (estrone, 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, and estriol) in human CSF was developed. An aliquot (300 μL) of human CSF was bulk derivatized using dansyl chloride in the sample and 10 μL was directly injected onto a restricted-access media trap column for protein removal. No off-line sample extraction or cleanup was needed. The limits of detection of estrone, 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, and estriol were 17, 28, 13, and 30 pg/mL, respectively, which is in the parts-per-trillion regime. The method was then applied to human CSF collected from ischemic trauma patients. Endogenous estrogens were detected and quantified, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method.
Nitric Oxide Facilitates Long-Term Potentiation, But Not Long-Term Depression (1997)

Reports that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition prevents the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) have been controversial. Recent evidence suggests that NO may help to regulate the threshold for LTP induction. We have tested this hypothesis by examining the effects of stimulus frequency and train duration on synaptic plasticity in the presence of either NO donors or NOS inhibitors. Two different NO donors facilitated LTP induction by stimuli that normally produced only short-term potentiation, whereas NOS inhibitors blocked LTP to stimuli that normally produce small LTP. NO donors facilitated LTP induction even when NMDA receptors were blocked, indicating that NO need not act via NMDA receptors. NO donors and NOS inhibitors were without effect on long-term depression (LTD), suggesting that they act on a distinct potentiating mechanism. Thus, NO could contribute to the establishment of plasticity under physiologically relevant conditions by selectively increasing the probability of LTP induction.
Path planning algorithm development for autonomous vacuum cleaner robots (2014)

A vacuum cleaner robot, generally called a robovac, is an autonomous robot that is controlled by intelligent program. Autonomous vacuum cleaning robot will perform task like sweeping and vacuuming in a single pass. The DVR-1 vacuum cleaning robot consists of two DC motor operated wheels that allow 360 degree rotation, a castor wheel, side spinning brushes, a front bumper and a miniature vacuum pump. Sensors in the bumper are used for generating binary information of obstacle detection then they are processed by some controlling algorithms. These algorithms are used for path planning and navigation. The robot's bumper prevents them from bumping into walls and furniture by reversing or changing path accordingly.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Hydrogenation of a Challenging Enamide Derived from 4‐Phenyl‐2‐tetralone: An Appealing Shortcut Towards Enantiopure <i>cis</i>‐2‐Aminotetraline Derivatives (2010)

A clean, efficient, and diasteroselective (dr >95%) catalytic hydrogenation of the enamide N-(4-phenyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)propionamide (2 a) using palladium on carbon is performed. This procedure provides the melatonin receptor ligand (+/-)-cis-4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin (cis-4-P-PDOT, 1 a) and its 8-methoxy analog. Furthermore, Rh and Ru catalyzed homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation of the challenging racemic endocyclic enamide 2 a with several chiral phosphine ligands is studied. The best results, in terms of enantioselectivity, for both diastereomers are obtained when chiral Rh-Josiphos is used as the catalyst.
Encapsulation of Biological Agents in Hydrogels for Therapeutic Applications (2018)

Hydrogels are materials specially suited for encapsulation of biological elements. Their large water content provides an environment compatible with most biological molecules. Their crosslinked nature also provides an ideal material for the protection of encapsulated biological elements against degradation and/or immune recognition. This makes them attractive not only for controlled drug delivery of proteins, but they can also be used to encapsulate cells that can have therapeutic applications. Thus, hydrogels can be used to create systems that will deliver required therapies in a controlled manner by either encapsulation of proteins or even cells that produce molecules that will be released from these systems. Here, an overview of hydrogel encapsulation strategies of biological elements ranging from molecules to cells is discussed, with special emphasis on therapeutic applications.
A review of multi-tenant database and factors that influence its adoption (2014)

A Multi-tenant database (MTD) is a way of deploying a Database as a Service (DaaS). This is gaining momentum with significant increase in the number of organizations ready to take advantage of the technology. A multi-tenant database refers to a principle where a single instance of a Database Management System (DBMS) runs on a server, serving multiple clients organizations (tenants). This is a database which provides database support to a number of separate and distinct groups of users or tenants. This concept spreads the cost of hardware, software and other services to a large number of tenants, therefore significantly reducing per tenant cost. Three different approaches of implementing multi-tenant database have been identified. These methods have been shown to be increasingly better at pooling resources and also processing administrative operations in bulk. This paper reports the requirement of multi-tenant databases, challenges of implementing MTD, database migration for elasticity in MTD and factors influencing the choice of models in MTD. An insightful discussion is presented in this paper by grouping these factors into four categories. This shows that the degree of tenancy is an influence to the approach to be adopted and the capital and operational expenditure are greatly reduced in comparison with an on-premises solution
Tilted folded-beam suspension for extending the stable travel range of comb-drive actuators (2002)

We investigate the electromechanical side instability and the stable travel range of comb-drive actuators. The stable travel range depends on the finger gap spacing, the initial finger overlap, and the spring stiffness ratio of the compliant suspension. Proper design of the suspension structure is the most effective way to stabilize the actuator and therefore to achieve a large deflection. In this paper, we propose an improved suspension design, the so-called tilted folded-beam suspension. Using such suspension, the stability of the comb-drive actuator is improved and the stable travel range is enhanced. We give the expressions for the spring constants of the proposed suspension, both in the stroke direction and perpendicular to it. The suspension designs are also studied numerically using the finite element method (FEM), in which the geometric nonlinearities, such as large deflections and stress stiffening, are considered. Analytical calculations and FEM simulations are compared. The results demonstrate that an enhanced stable travel range, compared to that of a comb-drive actuator with the most commonly used folded-beam flexure, can be achieved by using the proposed suspension design. Comb-drive actuators with various tilted folded-beam suspensions have also been fabricated using the standard surface micromachining technology and their operational performances have been characterized. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Anti-A 42- and anti-A 40-specific mAbs attenuate amyloid deposition in an Alzheimer disease mouse model (2005)

Accumulation and aggregation of amyloid beta peptide 1-42 (Abeta42) in the brain has been hypothesized as triggering a pathological cascade that causes Alzheimer disease (AD). To determine whether selective targeting of Abeta42 versus Abeta40 or total Abeta is an effective way to prevent or treat AD, we compared the effects of passive immunization with an anti-Abeta42 mAb, an anti-Abeta40 mAb, and multiple Abeta(1-16) mAbs. We established in vivo binding selectivity of the anti-Abeta42 and anti-Abeta40 mAbs using novel TgBRI-Abeta mice. We then conducted a prevention study in which the anti-Abeta mAbs were administered to young Tg2576 mice, which have no significant Abeta deposition, and therapeutic studies in which mAbs were administered to Tg2576 or CRND8 mice with modest levels of preexisting Abeta deposits. Anti-Abeta42, anti-Abeta40, and anti-Abeta(1-16) mAbs attenuated plaque deposition in the prevention study. In contrast, anti-Abeta42 and anti-Abeta40 mAbs were less effective in attenuating Abeta deposition in the therapeutic studies and were not effective in clearing diffuse plaques following direct injection into the cortex. These data suggest that selective targeting of Abeta42 or Abeta40 may be an effective strategy to prevent amyloid deposition, but may have limited benefit in a therapeutic setting.
Quantitative real-time pulse oximetry with ultrafast frequency-domain diffuse optics and deep neural network processing (2018)

Pulse oximetry is a ubiquitous optical technology, widely used for diagnosis and treatment guidance. Current pulse oximeters provide indications of arterial oxygen saturation. We present here a new quantitative methodology that extends the capability of pulse oximetry and provides real-time molar concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin at rates of up to 27 Hz by using advanced digital hardware, real-time firmware processing, and ultra-fast optical property calculations with a deep neural network (DNN). The technique utilizes a high-speed frequency domain spectroscopy system with five frequency-multiplexed wavelengths. High-speed demultiplexing and data reduction were performed in firmware. The DNN inversion algorithm was benchmarked as five orders of magnitude faster than conventional iterative methods for optical property extractions. The DNN provided unbiased optical property extractions, with an average error of 0 ± 5.6% in absorption and 0 ± 1.4% in reduced scattering. Together, these improvements enabled the measurement, calculation, and real-time continuous display of hemoglobin concentrations. A proof-of-concept cuff occlusion measurement was performed to demonstrate the ability of the device to track oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, and measure quantitative photoplethysmographic changes during the cardiac cycle. This technique substantially extends the capability of pulse oximetry and provides unprecedented real-time non-invasive functional information with broad applicability for cardiopulmonary applications.
A Comparison of Patient State Index and Bispectral Index Values During the Perioperative Period (2002)

The patient state index could be a useful alternative to the bispectral index for assessing level of consciousness during the induction of and emergence from anesthesia, as well as for titrating IV and volatile anesthetics during surgery.
Preparation of highly preferred orientation TiB2 coatings (2006)

This paper focuses on the preparation of titanium diboride (TiB2) coatings on the graphite substrate by continuous current plating (CCP) and pulse current plating (PIC) electrochemical techniques in fluoride electrolytes (LiF-NaF-KF) containing K2TiF6 and KBF4 as the electrochemically-active components at 700°C. Thick leveled and uniform coatings were obtained and were composed of relatively pure TiB2. The effect of the experimental parameters on the microstructure of the coatings was studied. The results showed the electrodeposition with PIC produced coatings with better quality, when compared with those obtained by CCP, under the conditions of the current density i = 0.6 A/cm2, frequency = 100 Hz, and ton/toff = 4/1. XRD analysis indicated that the preferred orientation of coatings is (110) plane, which is in accordance with the prediction of the two-dimensional crystal nuclei theory. The effect of a ratio of ton/toff and frequency on the crystal size, texture coefficient and microstress was also investigated.
AZD2281 (KU-0059436), a PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) inhibitor with single agent anticancer activity in patients with BRCA deficient ovarian cancer: Results from a phase I study (2008)

5510 Background: AZD2281 is a novel, potent orally active PARP inhibitor. It induces cancer specific synthetic lethality in homologous recombination repair defective cells, including BRCA-deficient tumors. We previously reported a first-in-human Phase I trial, with dose escalation guided by toxicity, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PD) data (Yap et al, ASCO 2007 Abstr 3529). Method: Initial dose escalation phase included patients (p) with a wide range of drug-resistant cancers. Once a PD active dose was identified, enrichment of the population with p with BRCA-deficient tumors was encouraged. Doses started from 10mg daily for 2 of 3 weeks, escalating to 600mg bd continuously. After the maximum tolerated dose (400mg bd) was identified, an expansion phase in BRCA-deficient ovarian cancer (BDOC) at 200mg bd was opened. Results: Of the total 92 p treated, 44 p had BDOC (includes 1 p with compelling family history). Doses received were 40mg daily (1 p), 100mg bd (3 p), 200mg bd (34 p), 400mg bd (5 p) and 600mg bd (1 p). Toxicities were mainly gastrointestinal and mild, with little myelosuppression seen. 1 p at 400mg bd had a dose limiting neurocognitive toxicity. 32 p with BDOC, the majority of whom were platinum resistant/refractory are so far evaluable for response. All evaluable p had either received treatment for at least 8 weeks (2 cycles) or progressed prior to completion of 2 cycles. 14 p have achieved partial response, 13 meeting GCIG- CA125 criteria and 10 meeting RECIST criteria. Of the responders, 1 p has been on drug > 56 weeks whilst 7 p have maintained responses for ≥ 24 weeks. Stable disease (SD) was seen in an additional 8 p, 7 of whom continue on drug and 3 p had SD ≥ 16 weeks. Responses were seen at all dose levels from 100mg bd and above. Conclusion: AZD2281 is well tolerated and has demonstrated compelling activity in patients with BDOC. Responses were seen in all p groups including platinum resistant disease. Updated efficacy data, together with a correlation of potential predictive factors including platinum free interval will be presented on a total planned cohort of 46 p with BDOC. A randomised study in BRCA-deficient ovarian cancer has been planned. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Kudos Kudos Kudos Kudos AstraZeneca Oncology AstraZeneca Oncology