gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphological modification of UHMPE fibers (1994)

Abstract UHMPE fibers can display several morphological features, including skin‐core, microfibrillar and shish‐kebab structures. In this work, an attempt was made to eliminate these morphologies by treating the UHMPE in a two‐roll mill, at temperatures ranging from ambient to 145°C. Up to 130°C the tensile strength and modulus of the fiber were retained, and thermal analysis and crystallographic data showed that ordering in the fiber remained intact. The shish‐kebab and microfibrillar morphologies were greatly reduced and the fiber cross‐section was altered from circular to a flat ribbon.
CD54/intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and major histocompatibility complex II signaling induces B cells to express interleukin 2 receptors and complements help provided through CD40 ligation. (1994)

We have examined signaling roles for CD54 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II as contact ligands during T help for B cell activation. We used a T helper 1 (Th1)-dependent helper system that was previously shown to be contact as well as interleukin 2 (IL-2) dependent to demonstrate the relative roles of CD54, MHC II, and CD40 signaling in the events leading to the induction of B cell proliferation and responsiveness to IL-2. Paraformaldehyde-fixed activated Th1-induced expression of IL-2R alpha, IL-2R beta, and B7, and upregulated MHC II and CD54 on B cells. Anti-CD54 and MHC II mAbs as well as a CD8 alpha-CD40 ligand (L) soluble construct inhibited both the T-dependent induction of Ig secretion, and B cell phenotypic changes. We then compared the effects of activated Th1 cells with that of cross-linking these molecules. Cross-linking of CD54 and MHC II resulted in the upregulated expression of MHC II and of CD54 and B7, respectively, analogous to the effect of fixed activated Th1 cells. B7 expression was further enhanced by co-cross-linking CD54 and MHC II. Cross-linking of CD40 achieved comparable effects. Strikingly, cross-linking ligation of CD54 and MHC II in the presence of IL-5 induced expression of a functional IL-2R on small resting B cells. By contrast CD40 ligation, which induced B cell proliferation, did not induce IL-2 responsiveness. These data show that CD40 ligation is necessary but may not be sufficient for B cell differentiation and identify CD54 and MHC II as contact ligands that can complement CD40 signaling in the generation of T-dependent B cell responses to IL-2.
Bacterial protease inhibitors (2002)

Serine-, cysteine-, and metalloproteases are widely spread in many pathogenic bacteria, where they play critical functions related to colonization and evasion of host immune defenses, acquisition of nutrients for growth and proliferation, facilitation of dissemination, or tissue damage during infection. Since all the antibiotics used clinically at the moment share a common mechanism of action, acting as inhibitors of the bacterial cell wall biosynthesis or affecting protein synthesis on ribosomes, resistance to these pharmacological agents represents a serious medical problem, which might be resolved by using new generation of antibiotics, possessing a different mechanism of action. Bacterial protease inhibitors constitute an interesting such possibility, due to the fact that many specific as well as ubiquitous proteases have recently been characterized in some detail in both gram-positive as well as gram-negative pathogens. Few potent, specific inhibitors for such bacterial proteases have been reported at this moment except for some signal peptidase, clostripain, Clostridium histolyticum collagenase, botulinum neurotoxin, and tetanus neurotoxin inhibitors. No inhibitors of the critically important and ubiquitous AAA proteases, degP or sortase have been reported, although such compounds would presumably constitute a new class of highly effective antibiotics. This review presents the state of the art in the design of such enzyme inhibitors with potential therapeutic applications, as well as recent advances in the use of some of these proteases in therapy.
High Polymer Content 3,5‐Pyridine‐Polybenzimidazole Copolymer Membranes with Improved Compressive Properties (2014)

Abstract Three series of polybenzimidazole (PBI) copolymers (3,5‐pyridine‐r‐2OH‐PBI, 3,5‐pyridine‐r‐ para ‐PBI, and 3,5‐pyridine‐r‐ meta ‐PBI) were polymerized and cast into membranes by the polyphosphoric acid (PPA) process. Monomer pairs with high and low solubility characteristics were used to define phase stability‐processing windows for preparing membranes with high temperature membrane gel stability. Creep compliance of these membranes (measured in compression at 180 °C) generally decreased with increasing polymer content. Membrane proton conductivities decreased linearly with increasing membrane polymer content. Fuel cell performances of some high‐solids 3,5‐pyridine‐based copolymer membranes (up to 0.66 V at 0.2 A cm –2 following break‐in) were comparable to para ‐PBI (0.68 V at 0.2 A cm –2 ) despite lower phosphoric acid (PA) loadings in the high solids membranes. Long‐term steady‐state fuel cell studies showed 3,5‐pyridine‐r‐ para ‐PBI copolymers maintained a consistent fuel cell voltage of >0.6 V at 0.2 A cm –2 for over 2,300 h. Phosphoric acid that was continuously collected from the long‐term study demonstrated that acid loss is not a significant mode of degradation for these membranes. The PBI copolymer membranes' reduced high‐temperature creep and long‐term operational stability suggests that they are excellent candidates for use in extended lifetime electrochemical applications.
Oligonucleotide directed misfolding of RNA inhibits <i>Candida albicans</i> group I intron splicing (2002)

RNA is becoming an important therapeutic target. Many potential RNA targets require secondary or tertiary structure for function. Examples include ribosomal RNAs, RNase P RNAs, mRNAs with untranslated regions that regulate translation, and group I and group II introns. Here, a method is described to inhibit RNA function by exploiting the propensity of RNA to adopt multiple folded states that are of similar free energy. This method, called oligonucleotide directed misfolding of RNA (ODMiR), uses short oligonucleotides to stabilize inactive structures. The ODMiR method is demonstrated with the group I intron from Candida albicans, a human pathogen. The oligonucleotides, (L)(TACCTTTC) and T(L)CT(L)AC(L)GA(L)CG(L)GC(L)C, with L denoting a locked nucleic acid residue, inhibit 50% of group I intron splicing in a transcription mixture at about 150 and 30 nM oligonucleotide concentration, respectively. Both oligonucleotides induce misfolds as determined by native gel electrophoresis and diethyl pyrocarbonate modification. The ODMiR approach provides a potential therapeutic strategy applicable to RNAs with secondary or tertiary structures required for function.
A rapid method of production of irregular-shaped fields for use with patients receiving electron radiotherapy (1990)

This technical note describes a method to produce irregularly-shaped electron fields using a polystyrene shape to form the irregular outline, low melting point alloy and modified electron applicators. The method supports a procedure for irregular-field electron therapy which rapid, cheap, accurate and provides a permanent record of the field treated.
Cold-enhanced somatic embryogenesis in Pinus patula is mediated by calcium (2006)

The possible inter-relationship between exogenous calcium during cold pretreatment-induced somatic embryogenesis was investigated using vegetative shoot apices of mature trees of Pinus patula. Cold pretreatment of thick (0.5–1.0 mm) apical shoot sections at 2 °C for 3 days on 0.3% activated charcoal-induced white mucilaginous embryogenic tissue on initiation medium (II). The enhanced embryogenic response of cells to cold pretreatment was dependent on the Ca2+ level in the pretreatment medium (I). Addition of Ca2+ channel blockers such as La3+ (LaCl3) or ethyleneglycol-bis-B-aminoethyl ether-N,N,N,N-tetra acetic acid completely eliminated the cold-induced enhancement of somatic embryogenesis. These results suggest that embryogenic cells require minimal concentrations of Ca2+ during pretreatment for the expression of the cold-enhancement of embryogenesis in mature Pinus patula tissues.
Transition Zone Prostate Cancer: Incremental Value of Diffusion-weighted Endorectal MR Imaging in Tumor Detection and Assessment of Aggressiveness (2013)

Use of diffusion-weighted imaging in addition to T2-weighted imaging improved detection of prostate cancer in the transition zone, and tumor ADCs were inversely associated with tumor Gleason scores in the transition zone.
Drilling Fluid Considerations in Design of Engineered Horizontal Directional Drilling Installations (2005)

A literature review is presented that identifies a number of areas where procedures for the engineering design of bored installations in soil using horizontal directional drilling (HDD) can be improved through a more realistic consideration of drilling fluid drag effects and skin friction coefficients. The current HDD practice of calculating annular frictional pressure loss caused by drilling fluid drag based on the assumption of concentric annular flow of a Bingham plastic fluid is demonstrated to be overly conservative. Consequently, critical design parameters, such as depth of cover, which affects crossing length, and drilling equipment size, which is selected based on anticipated pulling load, cannot be optimized. This can result in overly conservative design and unnecessary construction costs. Parameter values currently employed in HDD pulling load prediction are challenged suggesting that the viscous shear of drilling fluid is significantly less than typically quoted and that the friction coefficients often employed are not representative of all skin friction effects in HDD. A new real-time monitoring cell for large-scale HDD is described that can be used to optimize installations and to assess and update current prediction models.
A unified scheme for resource protection in automated trust negotiation (2004)

Automated trust negotiation is an approach to establishing trust between strangers through iterative disclosure of digital credentials. In automated trust negotiation, access control policies play a key role in protecting resources from unauthorized access. Unlike in traditional trust management systems, the access control policy for a resource is usually unknown to the party requesting access to the resource, when trust negotiation starts. The negotiating parties can rely on policy disclosures to learn each other's access control requirements. However a policy itself may also contain sensitive information. Disclosing policies' contents unconditionally may leak valuable business information or jeopardize individuals' privacy. In this paper we propose UniPro, a unified scheme to model protection of resources, including policies, in trust negotiation. UniPro improves on previous work by modeling policies as first-class resources, protecting them in the same way as other resources, providing fine-grained control over policy disclosure, and clearly distinguishing between policy disclosure and policy satisfaction, which gives users more flexibility in expressing their authorization requirements. We also show that UniPro can be used with practical negotiation strategies without jeopardizing autonomy in the choice of strategy, and present criteria under which negotiations using UniPro are guaranteed to succeed in establishing trust.
Transmission electron microscopy study of blisters in high-temperature annealed He and H co-implanted single-crystal silicon (2004)

Transmission electron microscopy has allowed us to draw the three-dimensional structure of blisters formed after high-temperature annealing of He-H co-implanted silicon by combining the unique capability of site-selective cross sectioning of the focused ion beam with conventional plan view images. It has been shown that blisters are formed by crystalline lamellae strongly bended, plastically deformed, and suspended over buried empty cavities. The volume of the protruding blister surface is almost equal to the buried empty volumes, thus suggesting a mechanism for blister formation based on H and He precipitation and migration of silicon atoms toward the surface.
High-Q aluminum nitride photonic crystal nanobeam cavities (2012)

We demonstrate high optical quality factors in aluminum nitride (AlN) photonic crystal nanobeam cavities. Suspended AlN photonic crystal nanobeams are fabricated in sputter-deposited AlN-on-insulator substrates using a self-protecting release process. Employing one-dimensional photonic crystal cavities coupled to integrated optical circuits, we measure quality factors up to 146 000. By varying the waveguide-cavity coupling gap, extinction ratios in excess of 15 dB are obtained. Our results open the door for integrated photonic bandgap structures made from a low loss, wide-transparency, nonlinear optical material system.
TiO<sub>2</sub>/graphene/NiFe-layered double hydroxide nanorod array photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting (2016)

TiO<sub>2</sub>/graphene/NiFe-layered double hydroxide nanorod arrays were fabricated as highly efficient photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting with simultaneously enhanced charge separation and water oxidation efficiency.
Regulation of paxillin family members during epithelial-mesenchymal transformation: a putative role for paxillin δ (2005)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and the resulting induction of cell motility are essential components of tissue remodeling during embryonic development and wound repair, as well as tumor progression to an invasive metastatic phenotype. Paxillin, a multi-domain adaptor and phosphoprotein has previously been implicated in integrin signaling and cell motility. In this report we characterize a novel paxillin gene product, paxillin delta, generated from an evolutionarily conserved internal translation initiation site within the full-length paxillin mRNA. Paxillin delta, which lacks the key phosphorylation sites Y31 and Y118 as well as the ILK and actopaxin binding LD1 motif, exhibits a restricted distribution to epithelial cell types and is downregulated during TGF-beta1-induced EMT of normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) epithelial cells. Interestingly, Hic-5, a paxillin superfamily member, exhibits a reciprocal protein expression profile to paxillin delta. In addition, paxillin delta expression is maintained following NMuMG differentiation in a 3D collagen I gel while other focal adhesion components are downregulated. Paxillin delta protein expression coincided with reduced paxillin tyrosine phosphorylation in NMuMG cells and paxillin delta overexpression in CHO.K1 cells inhibited adhesion-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin. Forced expression of paxillin delta in NMuMG cells suppressed cell migration whereas Hic-5 overexpression stimulated motility. Together our data support a role for paxillin delta as a naturally occurring functional antagonist of paxillin signaling potentially through suppression of a Crk-mediated pathway during processes associated with cell migration.
Hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulase-mimetic solid catalyst (2012)

A novel cellulase-mimetic solid catalyst, sulfonated chloromethyl polystyrene resin (CP-SO3H), containing cellulose-binding sites (–Cl) and catalytic sites (–SO3H) was synthesized for hydrolyzing cellulose. Cellobiose could be completely hydrolyzed in 2–4 hours at 100–120 °C by CP-SO3H, and microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) could be hydrolyzed into glucose with a yield of 93% within 10 hours at moderate temperature (120 °C). The apparent activation energies for the hydrolysis of cellobiose and Avicel with CP-SO3H were approximately 78 and 83 kJ mol−1, respectively, which are much lower than those for the hydrolysis of cellobiose and cellulose with sulfuric acid (133 and 170 kJ mol−1, respectively) but higher than that with cellulase (3–50 kJ mol−1). Low activation energy allows the CP-SO3H-catalyzed hydrolysis to proceed at low temperature, which reduces energy consumption and avoids undesirable sugar degradation. The low activation energy of CP-SO3H might be attributed to its ability to adsorb/attract cellobiose and cellulose and to disrupt hydrogen bonds of cellulose.
Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Protects Against end Stage Disease of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the NZB/W F1 Mouse (2000)

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a naturally occurring fatty acid with anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherosclerotic and immune-enhancing activities. Dietary CLA accelerated the onset of proteinuria in autoimmune-prone NZB/W F1 mice but did not affect anti-DNA antibody production. Body weight of the CLA group was decreased compared to the control group at the time proteinuria first developed. CLA group also had slightly earlier mortality than control fed mice, however the mean days of survival did not differ between CLA and control fed mice. Body weight loss between proteinuria onset and death was approximately twice as much in the control group as in the CLA group. Moreover, duration between proteinuria and death was longer in the CLA than in the control group. Our data suggested that dietary CLA may accelerate the autoimmune symptoms of NZB/W F1 mice, however, CLA protected against the disease related body weight loss and prolonged survival after proteinuria.
Acute Multiple Sclerosis Relapse (2016)

MS relapses need to be recognized in a timely manner and treated using recommended therapeutic methods.
Metathesis Polymerization: ROMPing towards new materials (1994)

The introduction of a new generation of metathesis initiators (see Figure) in which the active site is incorporated within a relatively robust transition metal complex has had a significant impact on polymer synthesis. Key recent developments in the types of materials accessible, the control over microstructure possible, and the advantages of well‐defined initialtors for the design and synthesis of new materials are reviewed. magnified image
Data Modeler's Workbench: Tools and Techniques for Analysis and Design (2001)

From the Publisher:
A goldmine of valuable tools for data modelers


Data modelers render raw data-names, addresses, and sales totals, for instance-into information such as customer profiles and seasonal buying patterns that can be used for making critical business decisions. This book brings together thirty of the most effective tools for solving common modeling problems. The author provides an example of each tool and describes what it is, why it is needed, and how it is generally used to model data for both databases and data warehouses, along with tips and warnings. Blank sample copies of all worksheets and checklists described are provided in an appendix. 

Companion Web site features updates on the latest tools and techniques, plus links to related sites offering automated tools.
Endothelin-converting enzyme 1 degrades neuropeptides in endosomes to control receptor recycling (2007)

Neuropeptide signaling requires the presence of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the cell surface. Activated GPCRs interact with beta-arrestins, which mediate receptor desensitization, endocytosis, and mitogenic signaling, and the peptide-receptor-arrestin complex is sequestered into endosomes. Although dissociation of beta-arrestins is required for receptor recycling and resensitization, the critical event that initiates this process is unknown. Here we report that the agonist availability in the endosomes, controlled by the membrane metalloendopeptidase endothelin-converting enzyme 1 (ECE-1), determines stability of the peptide-receptor-arrestin complex and regulates receptor recycling and resensitization. Substance P (SP) binding to the tachykinin neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) induced membrane translocation of beta-arrestins followed by trafficking of the SP-NK1R-beta-arrestin complex to early endosomes containing ECE-1a-d. ECE-1 degraded SP in acidified endosomes, disrupting the complex; beta-arrestins returned to the cytosol, and the NK1R, freed from beta-arrestins, recycled and resensitized. An ECE-1 inhibitor, by preventing NK1R recycling in endothelial cells, inhibited resensitization of SP-induced inflammation. This mechanism is a general one because ECE-1 similarly regulated NK3R resensitization. Thus, peptide availability in endosomes, here regulated by ECE-1, determines the stability of the peptide-receptor-arrestin complex. This mechanism regulates receptor recycling, which is necessary for sustained signaling, and it may also control beta-arrestin-dependent mitogenic signaling of endocytosed receptors. We propose that other endosomal enzymes and transporters may similarly control the availability of transmitters in endosomes to regulate trafficking and signaling of GPCRs. Antagonism of these endosomal processes represents a strategy for inhibiting sustained signaling of receptors, and defects may explain the tachyphylaxis of drugs that are receptor agonists.
Assessment Scales for Patients with Advanced Huntington's Disease: Comparison of the UHDRS and UHDRS‐FAP (2018)

Our results suggest that the UHDRS-FAP motor score might differentiate better between patients with severe Huntington's disease than the UHDRS motor score. Therefore, the UHDRS-FAP motor score is potentially a better instrument than the UHDRS motor score to improve disease monitoring and, subsequently, care in patients with advanced Huntington's disease in long-term care facilities.
The Ring Cleavage of 3,5-Disubstitutted Isoxazolium Salts with Alkoxides (1977)

This paper communicates the reaction of 3,5-disubstituted N-alkylisoxazolium salts with alkali alkoxide in alcohol to give the 6-aminoenones.Also, this reaction was applied to the synthesis of curcumin.We have investigated that the 3,5-dimethylisoxazole reacts with some electrophiles regioselectively on C-5 methyl group.')We have also investigated the hydrogenolysis of resulting 5-substituted 3-methylisoxazoles to obtained 8-aminoenones.These 8-aminoenones are very useful intermediate for the synthesis of enones, 6-diketones, and some heterocycles. 2It is well known that the isoxazolium salts are easily prepared from the corresponding isoxa~oles.~)The reactions of 3-substituted isoxazolium salts have extensively been investigated by Woodward et al. as the "Reagent K" for the
Occupational dermatitis from soldering flux among workers in the electronics industry (1985)

Although numerous occupational irritants and allergens have been known to cause contact dermatitis in the electronics industry, soldering flux is seldom mentioned. Soldering flux used in the electronics industry can cause both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Irritant dermatitis is commoner than allergic contact dermatitis. Aminoethylethanolamine, a constituent of some fluxes, is a sensitizer. Dermatitis tends to start over the periungual area and spread to the finger shafts and sometimes the wrists. The use of cotton gloves by workers appeared to aggravate the problem. Prophylactic measures are essential to prevent occupational contact dermatitis in workers handling flux in the electronics industry.
A Dual-Band Bandpass Filter With Widely Separated Passbands (2014)

A novel and compact design of a dual-band filter with widely separated passbands is proposed. Applications of such a device can be found in systems where a single device is responsible for both transmission and reception. The proposed filter is composed of resonators working on two distinct modes. The proposed dual-mode structure offers a good rejection of unwanted resonances, producing a widely separated dual-band response. The idea is demonstrated with the design of a four-pole filter comprising two dual-mode structures and the concept is verified experimentally by the measurement of a fabricated prototype. Finally, a six-pole filter is proposed, showing the possibility of designing higher order filters.