gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebral oxygenation changes in response to motor stimulation (1996)

We studied cerebral hemodynamic response to a sequential motor task in 56 subjects to investigate the time course and distribution of blood oxygenation changes as monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). To address whether response is modulated by different performance velocities, a group of subjects (n = 12) was examined while performing the motor task at 1, 2, and 3 Hz. The results demonstrate that 1) the NIRS response reflects localized changes in cerebral hemodynamics, 2) the response, consisting of an increase in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration [oxy-Hb] and a decrease in deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([deoxy-Hb]), is lateralized and increases in amplitude with higher performance rates, and 3) changes in [oxy-Hb] and [deoxy-Hb] differ in time course. Changes in [oxy-Hb] are biphasic, with a fast initial increase and a pronounced poststimulus undershoot. The stimulus-associated decrease in [deoxy-Hb] is monophasic, and response latency is greater. We conclude that NIRS is able to detect even small changes in cerebral hemodynamic response to functional stimulation.
Simultaneous Determination of Anionic Intermediates for <i>Bacillus </i><i>s</i><i>ubtilis</i> Metabolic Pathways by Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2002)

A method for simultaneous determination of anionic metabolites based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is described. To prevent current drop by the system, electroosmotic flow (EOF) reversal by using a cationic polymer-coated capillary was indispensable. A mixture containing 32 standards including carboxylic acids, phosphorylated carboxylic acids, phosphorylated saccharides, nucleotides, and nicotinamide and flavin adenine coenzymes of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways were separated by CE and selectively detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer with a sheath-flow electrospray ionization interface. Key to the analysis was EOF reversal using a cationic polymer-coated capillary and an electrolyte system consisting of 50 mM ammonium acetate, pH 9.0. The relative standard deviations of the method were better than 0.4% for migration times and between 0.9% and 5.4% for peak areas. The concentration detection limits for these metabolites were between 0.3 and 6.7 micromol/L with pressure injection of 50 mbar for 30 s (30 nL); i.e., mass detection limits ranged from 9 to 200 fmol, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. This method was applied to the comprehensive analysis of metabolic intermediates extracted from Bacillus subtilis, and 27 anionic metabolites could be directly detected and quantified.
A Proposed Theory Seeded Methodology for Design Based Research into Effective use of MUVEs in Vocational Education Contexts (2013)

A methodology for design based research (DBR) into effective development and use of Multi-User Virtual Environments (MUVE) in vocational education is proposed. It blends software development with DBR with two theories selected to inform the methodology. Legitimate peripheral participation LPP (Lave & Wenger, 1991) provides a filter when thinking about vocational education because moving towards being work ready increases the student’s legitimate practices within the vocation. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge TPACK (Mishra & Koehler, 2006) provides framework to link content and pedagogy with the MUVE technology. Software development techniques necessary in the development of simulation based MUVEs are shown to have characteristics compatible with development research. A design based methodological process that introduces software development within phases is described. The authors reflect on the methodology after the first phase of research into a MUVE that simulates the hazardous situation of temporary traffic management.
The Role of the School Psychologist in the Teaching of Reading (1962)

The school psychologist or psychological examiner without specific training in the reading area can help the teacher of reading to better understand her task. The psychologist or examiner with background in the teaching of reading can be of even more help to the classroom teacher.
A new method to determine effective channel length, series resistance and threshold voltage (2002)

This paper describes a new method to determine the parameters of MOSFETs with deep-submicron channel length. The model shows that threshold voltage defined by I/sub d///spl radic/(g/sub m/)-V/sub g/ plot is consistent with the extracted effective channel length and series resistance. The experimental data show good linearity for the parameter extraction down to a 0.24 /spl mu/m transistor. The model is also found to be in good agreement for reproducing I/sub d/-V/sub g/ curves.
Adversarial Variational Bayes: Unifying Variational Autoencoders and Generative Adversarial Networks (2017)

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are expressive latent variable models that can be used to learn complex probability distributions from training data. However, the quality of the resulting model crucially relies on the expressiveness of the inference model. We introduce Adversarial Variational Bayes (AVB), a technique for training Variational Autoencoders with arbitrarily expressive inference models. We achieve this by introducing an auxiliary discriminative network that allows to rephrase the maximum-likelihood-problem as a two-player game, hence establishing a principled connection between VAEs and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). We show that in the nonparametric limit our method yields an exact maximum-likelihood assignment for the parameters of the generative model, as well as the exact posterior distribution over the latent variables given an observation. Contrary to competing approaches which combine VAEs with GANs, our approach has a clear theoretical justification, retains most advantages of standard Variational Autoencoders and is easy to implement.
Profile-Aware Multi-Device Interfaces: An MPEG-21-Based Approach for Accessible User Interfaces (2005)

The wide diversity of consumer devices has led to new methodologies and techniques to make digital content available over a broad range of devices with minimal effort. In particular the design of the interactive parts of a system has been the subject of a lot of research efforts because these parts are the most visible and are critical for the usability (and thus use) of a system. One thing that is missing in many current approaches is the ability to combine these new methodologies and techniques with a user-centric approach to ensure preferences from and requirements for a specific user are taken into account besides the device adaptations. In this paper we analysed the applicability of MPEG-21, part 7: Digital Item Adaptation, for the adaptation of a user interface to user characteristics. We show how the high-level XML-based user interface description language UIML in combination with an MPEG-21-based user profile enables designers to create accessible and personalised multi-device user interfaces. Using this combination results in user interfaces that can be deployed on a broad range of devices while taking into account user preferences with minimal effort. This approach enhances accessibility to digital items on various platforms, since all interactions with digital items should be supported by an appropriate user interface.
The spatially-variant backprojection point kernel function of an energy-subtraction Compton scatter camera for medical imaging (1997)

An energy-subtraction Compton scatter camera (ESCSC) was previously proposed for in-vivo imaging of radiopharmaceuticals used as bio-tracers in nuclear medicine. To further evaluate the usefulness of this ESCSC design, studies pertaining to image reconstruction are explored and presented. Generally speaking, a Compton scatter camera works on the principle that an emitted gamma ray undergoes a Compton scatter interaction in a primary detector system and then is subsequently absorbed by a secondary detector system. Using the measured interaction energies and positions, a cone surface can be backprojected which intercepts the emission space near the point of the gamma-ray emission (proximity depends on resolution). When backprojecting and linearly superposing multiple cones into a source space, calculations should include normalizing the total weight contributed by each cone as well as how the differentially intercepted area increases as you move farther away from the vertex of the cone (i.e., intercepted voxels farther away from the vertex are given less weight). Backprojected "point kernel profiles", based upon simulated data, are presented corresponding to point sources located at several positions (revealing the degree of spatial variance) within the ESCSC camera geometry. From these results the spatially variant point kernel function may be deduced for future use in image reconstruction. Additionally, two different algorithms for backprojection are compared.
THE ISOLATION FROM WHEAT GERM OIL OF AN ALCOHOL, α-TOCOPHEROL, HAVING THE PROPERTIES OF VITAMIN E (1936)

We have prepared from the non-saponifiable matter of wheat germ oil thress aflophanates:

1. M.p. 250°. This is a possibly the allophante of β-amyrin. The alcohol regenrated from the allopohante has no vitamin E potency.

2. M.p. 138°, readily crystallizing in long needles. The analysis agree with values required by monollophantes of an alcohol, C39H50O2. The alcohol from this allophante apparenelly has some vitamin E potency, but less than that from the third allophanate.

3. M.p. 158-160°. From this allophanate, the alcohol—for which we propose the name α-tocopherol—when given in a single dose of 3 mg. always enables vitamin E-deficient rats to bear young. α-Tocopherol shows a characteristic absoption band at 2980 A., E1 per cent1 cm. = 90 ca. Treatment with methyl alcoholic silver nitrate converts it to a substance which has absorption bands at 2710 and 2620 A respectively, E1 per centcm. = 480 ca., and possesses and some vitamin E activity.

α-Tocopherol yields a crystaline p-nitrophenylurethane melting at 120-131°. Analyses of both the urethane and the allophanate indicate a provisional formula for α-tocopherol of C29H50O2
A Technique to Harvest Viable Tracheobronchial Epithelial Cells from Living Human Donors (1992)

The ability to obtain airway epithelial cells from the lower respiratory tract in living human donors will facilitate study of the biologic properties of these cells. We report our experience harvesting tracheobronchial epithelial cells from living human donors by brushing the mucosal surface of the trachea and mainstem bronchi. Cells were obtained on 21 occasions from 18 healthy adult subjects under direct vision with a brush-tipped catheter during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The average number of cells harvested per subject was 14 +/- 2 x 10(6), and cell viability determined by trypan blue exclusion averaged 36 +/- 4%. Of note, cell viability was significantly enhanced when lidocaine was confined to the nares. Lidocaine was also observed to diminish cell viability in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion. Morphologic and staining properties were used to classify harvested cells into the three major cell types present in the mucosa (i.e., ciliated, secretory, and basal cells). All three subtypes were obtained. The percentage of ciliated, secretory, and basal-like cells was 24 +/- 2%, 11 +/- 1%, 29 +/- 1%, respectively, while the remaining 36% were difficult to type. In one subject in whom brushing was performed on three occasions over a 7-wk period, the percentage of each of the three subtypes was similar across procedures. Harvested cells could be successfully placed in primary culture with a plating efficiency of 50 to 60% and could be subcultured for up to seven passages. Acutely dissociated cells could be used to study the beta-adrenergic receptor adenylyl cyclase system since they produced cAMP in response to isoproterenol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
REVIEWS (1988)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Index of English Literary Manuscripts. Vol. III, 1700–1800. Part I, Addison-Fielding. Compiled by MARGARET M. SMITH with contributions by PENNY BOUMELHA. London and New York: Mansell Publishing Ltd., 1986. £120 net. IAN JACK IAN JACK Pembroke CollegeCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XXXIX, Issue 153, February 1988, Pages 151–152, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XXXIX.153.151 Published: 01 February 1988
Sesquiterpenoids from<i>Tithonia diversifolia</i>with Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Activity (2002)

Activity-guided fractionation of an ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts of Tithonia diversifolia, using an antiproliferation bioassay performed with human colon cancer (Col2) cells, led to the isolation of three new sesquiterpenoids, 2alpha-hydroxytirotundin (1), tithofolinolide (2), and 3alpha-acetoxydiversifolol (3), along with eight known sesquiterpene lactones, 3beta-acetoxy-8beta-isobutyryloxyreynosin (4), tagitinin C (5), 1beta,2alpha-epoxytagitinin C (6), 4alpha,10alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxo-8beta-isobutyryloxyguaia-11(13)-en-12,6alpha-olide (7), 3alpha-acetoxy-4alpha-hydroxy-11(13)-eudesmen-12-oic acid methyl ester, 17,20-dihydroxygeranylnerol, tagitinin A, and tirotundin. These isolates were evaluated for their potential as cancer chemopreventive agents, by measuring antiproliferative activity in Col2 cells and induction of cellular differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. Selected compounds were then investigated for their ability to inhibit 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced preneoplastic lesions in a mouse mammary organ culture assay. Among these isolates, 5 and 6 showed significant antiproliferative activity, 2, 4, and 7 induced HL-60 cellular differentiation, and 4 significantly inhibited (63.0% at 10 microg/mL) lesion formation in the mouse mammary organ culture assay. The chemical structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by Mosher ester methodology.
Supercritical N<sub>2</sub> Processing as a Route to the Clean Dehydrogenation of Porous Mg(BH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (2014)

Compounds of interest for chemical hydrogen storage at near ambient conditions are specifically tailored to be relatively unstable and thereby desorb H2 upon heating. Their decomposition must be performed in the absence of impurities to achieve clean dehydrogenation products, which is particularly challenging for an emerging class of microporous complex hydride materials, such as γ-phase Mg(BH4)2, which exhibits high surface area and readily adsorbs (sometimes undesired) molecular species. We present a novel strategy toward the purification of γ-Mg(BH4)2 using supercritical nitrogen drying techniques, (1) showing that clean hydrogen can be released from Mg(BH4)2 under mild conditions and (2) clarifying the origin of diborane among the decomposition products of stable borohydrides, a topic of critical importance for the reversibility and practical applicability of this class of hydrogen storage compounds. This technique is also widely applicable in the pursuit of the high-purity synthesis of other porous, reactive compounds, an exciting future class of advanced functional materials.
Engineered Electronic States of Transition Metal Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals for Low Overpotential Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2014)

Electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) involves high overpotential at the oxygen evolving electrode and thereby suffers significant energy loss in the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer. To reduce the OER overpotential, precious ruthenium and iridium oxides are most commonly used as anode electrocatalyst. Here we report marked reduction in overpotential for the OER using transition metal (TM) doped TiO2 nanocrystals (NCs). This reduction in overpotential is attributed to d-orbitals splitting of the doped TMs in the TM-doped TiO2 NCs and their interactions with the oxyradicals (intermediates of OER) facilitating the OER. The d-orbital spitting of TMs in TM-doped TiO2 NCs is evident from the change in original pearl white color of undoped TiO2 NCs and UV–vis absorption spectra.
Dynamic Load-Sharing Using Predicted Process Resource Requirements (1990)

Heuristics which use predicted process resource requirements to make scheduling decisions are proposed. Four heuristics are presented. The first two, MINQ and SMPL, employ centralized scheduling and the remaining two, DMINQ and FDMINQ, use distributed scheduling. These heuristics are first compared against random scheduling and then against two conventional heuristics, CENTEX and DISTED, which schedule processes solely based on system state information. Results based on trace-driven simulations show that the proposed centralized heuristics offer significantly improved mean response time and they require fewer status update messages. In experiments using the same status update rates, SMPL response times were, on the average, 22 percent lower than those for CENTEX; MINQ response times were, on the average, 18 percent lower. The simulations also showed that MINQ and SMPL can perform as well as, or better than, CENTEX while using up to 70 percent fewer status update messages. The use of fewer status update messages imposes less overhead on the system. The use of prediction for distributed scheduling produced similar results. When prediction was used to filter small processes and execute them locally a 50 percent improvement in response times was obtained.
A phospholipase D specific for the phosphatidylinositol anchor of cell-surface proteins is abundant in plasma. (1988)

An enzyme activity capable of degrading the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor of cell-surface proteins has previously been reported in a number of mammalian tissues. The experiments reported here demonstrate that this anchor-degrading activity is also abundant in mammalian plasma. The activity was inhibited by EGTA or 1,10-phenanthroline. It was capable of removing the anchor from alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, and variant surface glycoprotein but had little or not activity toward phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidic acid was the only 3H-labeled product when this enzyme hydrolyzed [3H]myristate-labeled variant surface glycoprotein. It could be distinguished from the Ca2+-dependent inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C activity in several rat tissues on the basis of its molecular size and its sensitivity to 1,10-phenanthroline. The data therefore suggest that this activity is due to a phospholipase D with specificity for glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol structures. Although the precise physiological function of this anchor-specific phospholipase D remains to be determined, these findings indicate that it could play an important role in regulating the expression and release of cell-surface proteins in vivo.
Low complexity frequency offset estimator for OFDM with time-frequency training sequence (2005)

A ratio-adjustable time-frequency training sequence and the corresponding carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimator are proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems over frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed method estimates the coarse and fine CFO through the training sequence in frequency domain and time domain separately. Computation complexity can be greatly decreased by employing predefined lookup table. Simulation results show that the proposed estimator has better performance with almost the same overhead compared with Lei's method in (2004).
Optimizacion de medios de cultivos para microorganismos, una valiosa estrategia para la produccion de biopreparados de interes agricola (2006)

"Los medios de cultivo constituyen el micromundo de los microorganismos en condiciones de laboratorio, intentando simular su hábitat natural en relación con la satisfacción de sus más vitales necesidades como ser vivo. El diseño de un medio de cultivo responde a las exigencias del microorganismo en cuestión y a la finalidad que se persigue con su multiplicación; por tanto, la selección y la concentracion adecuada de los nutrientes es un factor de vital importancia. Sin embargo, el empleo de una apropiada metodología es lo que hace posible la obtención de un medio de cultivo óptimo, ya sea para el crecimiento y/o la producción de metabolitos por parte del microorganismo. Existen numerosos métodos y diseños de optimización con disímiles características, ventajas y limitaciones que determinan su empleo en las diversas ramas de la investigación. Se abordaron en el trabajo los diseños factoriales completos y fraccionados, el Plackett Burman, el Box-Behnkeny el uniforme. La optimización de los componentes del medio y de las condiciones ambientales garantiza notables incrementos en los rendimientos de los procesos fermentativos de formarápida y económica. Por tanto, esta revisión pretende abordar los principios y métodos de optimizacion, así como caracterizar y ejemplificar la aplicacion de los diseños más usados en la optimización de medios de cultivos, con el fin de extender su uso a la biotecnología agrícola."
An FPGA-based Key-Store for Improving the Dependability of Security Services (2006)

A key-store is a facility for storing sensitive information, most typically the keys of a cryptographic application which provides a security service. In this paper, we present a hardware implemented key-store, which allows secure storage and high performance retrieval of RSA keys. Since RSA is the most widely adopted standard for cryptographic keys, our key-store can be effectively used to improve the dependability of a wide class of security services. Tfie device is implemented on top of a commercial off the shelf (COTS) programmable hardware board, namely a Celoxica RCWOO mounting a Xilinx Virtex-E 2000 FPGA part. We describe the architecture of the hardware device, illustrate the organization of the associated device driver, and evaluate the security and performance gain which can be achieved by integrating our device in real-world applications.
RNA Aptamers Directed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Polyprotein Bind to the Matrix and Nucleocapsid Domains and Inhibit Virus Production (2010)

Gag orchestrates the assembly and release of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles. We explored here the potential of anti-Gag RNA aptamers to inhibit HIV-1 replication. In vitro, RNA aptamers raised against an HIV-1 Gag protein, lacking the N-terminal myristate and the C-terminal p6 (DP6-Gag), could bind to matrix protein (MA), nucleocapsid protein (NC), or entire DP6-Gag protein. Upon cotransfection with pNL4-3.Luc molecular clone into 293T cells, six of the aptamers caused mild inhibition (2- to 3-fold) in the extracellular capsid levels, and one aptamer displayed 20-fold inhibition. The reduction was not due to a release defect but reflected Gag mRNA levels. We hypothesized that the aptamers influence genomic RNA levels via perturbation of specific Gag-genomic RNA interactions. Binding studies revealed that the "NC-binders" specifically compete with the packaging signal (ψ) of HIV-1 for binding to DP6-Gag. Therefore, we tested the ability of two NC-binders to inhibit viruses containing ψ-region deletions (ΔSL1 or ΔSL3) and found that the NC-binders were no longer able to inhibit Gag synthesis. The inability of these aptamers to inhibit ψ-deleted viruses correlated with the absence of competition with the corresponding ψ transcripts lacking SL1 or SL3 for binding DP6-Gag in vitro. These results indicate that the NC-binding aptamers disrupt Gag-genomic RNA interaction and negatively affect genomic RNA transcription, processing, or stability. Our results reveal an essential interaction between HIV-1 Gag and the ψ-region that may be distinct from that which occurs during the encapsidation of genomic RNA. Thus, anti-Gag aptamers can be an effective tool to perturb Gag-genomic RNA interactions.