gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CGP 48664, a new S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitor with broad spectrum antiproliferative and antitumor activity. (1994)

Inhibitors of the polyamine biosynthetic enzyme S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), derived from methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), have been shown to have significant antitumor activity in several human solid tumor systems (U. Regenass et al., Cancer Res., 52:4712-4718, 1992). From an ongoing effort to synthesize derivatives with increased enzyme specificity and potency and improved antitumor efficacy, we have now identified CGP 48664, a 4-amidinoindan-1-one 2'-amidinohydrazone (J. Stanek et al., J. Med. Chem., 36:2168-2171, 1993). The compound displays potent inhibition of SAMDC (50% inhibitory concentration, 5 nM), modest inhibition of diamine oxidase (50% inhibitory concentration, 4 microM), and no detectable inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase. CGP 48664 inhibits the growth of a panel of human and mouse tumor cell lines, including one which expresses the multidrug resistance phenotype, with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging between 0.3 and 3 microM. CGP 48664 does not seem to utilize the polyamine transport carrier system since it competes poorly with spermidine for uptake into L1210 cells (Ki 161 microM) and inhibits the growth of polyamine transport-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. Relative to MGBG or previously described MGBG analogues, CGP 48664 accumulates to much lower intracellular concentrations. Treatment of the L1210 cell for 48 h with 3 microM CGP 48664 decreases SAMDC activity to < 10% of control and initiates a compensatory 3-fold rise in ornithine decarboxylase. Consistent with SAMDC inhibition, putrescine pools increase 10-fold, whereas spermidine and spermine pools fall to < 10% of control. In contrast to MGBG, CGP 48664 displays attenuated antimitochondrial activity as indicated by a lack of effect on pyruvate oxidation and mitochondrial DNA levels under treatment conditions which inhibit cell proliferation. Specificity of drug action was indicated further by prevention of L1210 cell growth inhibition by exogenous spermidine or spermine. More convincingly, Chinese hamster ovary cells made approximately 1000-fold resistant by chronic exposure to the analogue were found to selectively overexpress SAMDC mRNA due to gene amplification. The new SAMDC inhibitor showed potent antitumor activity against syngeneic tumors (B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma) and nude mouse human tumor xenografts (T-24 bladder carcinoma, SK MEL-24 melanoma, and MALME-3M melanoma). On the basis of its novel structure, its apparent specificity of action, and its potent antitumor activity, CGP 48664 is the candidate drug for further preclinical development.
Magnetic reconnection driven by the coalescence instability (1983)

A detailed study of magnetic reconnection at an X point driven by the coalescence instability is presented. In particular, the effects of plasma compressibility and the magnitude of the toroidal field on the rate of reconnection are explored. For large toroidal fields, the plasma is almost incompressible and the destruction of magnetic flux proceeds linearly with time. However, when the attractive force between two neighboring islands is strong, and when the poloidal and the toroidal fields are comparable in magnitude, the reconnection rate is found to be faster. Implications for the steady-state models of magnetic reconnection are discussed.
Natural allelic variation at seed size loci in relation to other life history traits of<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (1999)

We have analyzed two Arabidopsis strains differing in the mean seed size and seed number they produced. The accession Cape Verde Islands (Cvi) yielded on average about 40% fewer seeds than the laboratory strain Landsberg erecta (Ler), but Cvi seeds were almost twice as heavy. Maternal and nonmaternal genetic factors were involved in the seed size variation, and interactions between both types of factors presumably occurred. The Ler/Cvi seed size difference increased through seed development from ovule maturation until seed desiccation, suggesting that multiple processes of seed development were affected. In addition, it involved changes in the final cell number and cell size of the seed coat and the embryo. Cell number variation was controlled mainly by maternal factors, whereas nonmaternal allelic variation mostly affected cell size. By using a recombinant inbred line population derived from Ler and Cvi, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting 12 life history traits related to seed size, fruit size, seed number, and plant resources. Five of the seed size QTLs colocated with QTLs for other traits, suggesting that they control seed size via maternal components affecting ovule number and/or carpel development, ovule development, or reproductive resource allocation in the mother plant. The six remaining putative seed size QTLs did not show a significant effect on any other trait, suggesting that this allelic variation may be involved specifically in seed development processes.
Citrus aurantium leaves extracts as a sustainable corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in sulfuric acid (2016)

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M H2SO4 was investigated in absence and presence of Citrus aurantium leaves extracts as a friendly inhibitor. The effect of temperature, time, and inhibitor concentration were studied using weight loss technique. The result obtained revealed that Citrus aurantium leaves extracts act as an inhibitor for mild steel in H2SO4 and reduces the corrosion rate. The inhibition efficiency was found to increases with increase in inhibitor concentration whereas the temperature shows otherwise. Higher inhibition efficiency was 89% at 40 °C and 10 ml/l inhibitor concentration. The adsorption of Citrus aurantium leaves extracts was found to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The values of the free energy of adsorption was around −20 kJ/mol, which is indicative of physical adsorption between charged molecules and a charged metal. Quantum chemical calculations were also used as a theoretical support to the experimental results. Finally the scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were evaluated to examine surface morphology and molecular structure of inhibitor respectively.
Realization of Stress Detection using Psychophysiological Signals for Improvement of Human-Computer Interaction (2005)

It has been suggested that effectively detecting the stress level of a computer user could possibly develop the computers' ability to respond intelligently and help the user relax from negative emotional states during human-computer interaction. Our research focuses on the use of three physiological signals: blood volume pulse (BVP), galvanic skin response (GSR) and pupil diameter (PD), to automatically monitor the stress state of computer users. This paper reports on the hardware and software instrumentation development and signal processing approach used to detect changes in the stress level of a subject interacting with a computer, within the framework of a specific experimental task. For this experiment a computer game was implemented on the basis of a clinical mental stress test, called the 'Stroop Test', adapted to make the subject experience two different levels of stress, while his/her BVP, GSR and PD signals were continuously recorded Several data processing techniques were applied to extract effective attributes of the 'stress' state of the subjects. Current results indicate that there exists a strong correlation among changes in those three signals and the shift in the emotional states when stress stimuli are applied to the interaction environment.
Identification of an Inhibin Receptor in Gonadal Tumors from Inhibin α-Subunit Knockout Mice (1998)

Inhibins and activins are dimeric proteins that are functional antagonists and are structurally related to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) family of growth and differentiation factors. Receptors for activin and TGFbeta have been identified as dimers of serine-threonine kinase subunits that regulate cytoplasmic proteins known as Smads. Despite major advances in our understanding of activin and TGFbeta receptors and signaling pathways, little is known about inhibin receptors or the mechanism by which this molecule provides a functionally antagonistic signal to activin. Studies described in this paper indicate that an independent inhibin receptor exists. Numerous tissues were examined for inhibin-specific binding sites, including the developing embryo, in which the spinal ganglion and trigeminal ganglion-bound iodinated inhibin A. Sex cord stromal tumors, derived from male and female inhibin alpha-subunit-deficient mice, were also identified as a source of inhibin receptor. Abundant inhibin and few activin binding sites were identified in tumor tissue sections by in situ ligand binding using iodinated recombinant human inhibin A and 125I-labeled recombinant human inhibin A. Tumor cell binding was specific for each ligand (competed by excess unlabeled homologous ligand and not competed by heterologous ligand). Based on these results and the relative abundance and homogeneity of tumor tissues versus the embryonic ganglion, tumor tissues were homogenized, membrane proteins were purified, and putative inhibin receptors were isolated using an inhibin affinity column. Four proteins were eluted from the column that bind iodinated inhibin but not iodinated activin. These data suggest that inhibin-specific membrane-associated proteins (receptors) exist.
A simple controller of minisize quad-rotor vehicle (2010)

Based on the analyzing of dynamics, one kind of quad-rotor controller is designed in this research. The quad-rotor is driven by four brushless DC micro-motors, with Mega644 being in rapport with three-axis gyro sensors, three-axis acceleration sensors, altitude pressure sensor, electronic compass and GPS signals, which can at the same time receives PWM wave flight order of the remote control receiver, propels the four non-sense of brushless DC motor speed regulators based on Mega8 single-chip through IIC data bus so as to control the aircraft's flight attitude and directions.
Low-Temperature Brewing by Freeze-Dried Immobilized Cells on Gluten Pellets (2000)

A biocatalyst, prepared by the immobilization of a cryotolerant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on gluten pellets, was freeze-dried without any protecting medium and used for repeated batch fermentations of wort for each of the temperatures 15, 10, 5, and 0 degrees C. The fermentation time for freeze-dried immobilized cells was about 2-fold that of the corresponding time for wet immobilized cells on gluten pellets, and lower than the corresponding time for freeze-dried free cells, especially at 5 and 0 degrees C. Beers produced by freeze-dried immobilized cells contained alcohol levels in the range of 5.0-5.5% v/v, diacetyl concentrations lower than 0.5 mg/L, polyphenol concentrations lower than 145.5 mg/L, and free cell concentrations lower than 3 g/L. As a result, they had a very good clarity after the end of primary fermentation. The amounts of amyl alcohols were lower than 129.1 mg/L and reduced as the temperature was decreased. Ethyl acetate concentrations were found in the range of 22.1-29.2 mg/L, giving a very good aroma and taste in the produced beers.
5 Mbps optical wireless communication with error correction coding for underwater sensor nodes (2010)

One issue with underwater sensors is how to efficiently transfer large amounts of data collected by the node to an interrogating platform such as an underwater vehicle. It is often impractical to make a physical connection between the node and the vehicle which suggests an acoustic or optical wireless solution. For large amounts of data, the high bandwidth of underwater optical wireless is an advantage. A small, low-cost platform to demonstrate the potential of an optical wireless communications interface for underwater sensor nodes is demonstrated. To enhance the reliability and robustness of the optical wireless communication digital signal processing and error correction techniques are used. The system was tested in 3 and 7.7 meter tanks at 5 Mbps with the turbidity of the water controlled by the addition of Maalox.
Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase (RSK)-2 as a central effector molecule in RON receptor tyrosine kinase mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition induced by macrophage-stimulating protein (2011)

MSP-induced RSK2 activation is a critical determinant linking RON signaling to cellular EMT program. Inhibition of RSK2 activity may provide a therapeutic opportunity for blocking RON-mediated cancer cell migration and subsequent invasion.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Fast and Reliable Identification of Clinical Yeast Isolates (2009)

The clinical impact of severe infections with yeasts and yeast-like fungi has increased, especially in immunocompromised hosts. In recent years, new antifungal agents with different and partially species-specific activity patterns have become available. Therefore, rapid and reliable species identification is essential for antifungal treatment; however, conventional biochemical methods are time-consuming and require considerable expertise. We evaluated matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the rapid routine identification of clinical yeast isolates. A total of 18 type collection strains and 267 recent clinical isolates of Candida (n = 250), Cryptococcus, Saccharomyces, Trichosporon, Geotrichum, Pichia, and Blastoschizomyces spp. were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The results were compared with those obtained by conventional phenotyping and biochemical tests, including the API ID 32C system (bioMérieux, Nürtingen, Germany). Starting with cells from single colonies, accurate species identification by MALDI-TOF MS was achieved for 247 of the clinical isolates (92.5%). The remaining 20 isolates required complementation of the reference database with spectra for the appropriate reference strains which were obtained from type culture collections or identified by 26S rRNA gene sequencing. The absence of a suitable reference strain from the MALDI-TOF MS database was clearly indicated by log(score) values too low for the respective clinical isolates; i.e., no false-positive identifications occurred. After complementation of the database, all isolates were unambiguously identified. The established API ID 32C biochemical diagnostic system identified 244 isolates in the first round. Overall, MALDI-TOF MS proved a most rapid and reliable tool for the identification of yeasts and yeast-like fungi, with the method providing a combination of the lowest expenditure of consumables, easy interpretation of results, and a fast turnaround time.
Basic and clinical overview of the mucosal immune system. (1996)

What is clearly evolving today is the concept of mucosal immunity as a discrete system that performs novel immunologic tasks and is uniquely regulated. Although many of the same factors exist in both the systemic and the mucosal immune systems, their structural and functional properties are tailored to different microenvironments. Because it is persistently flooded by a massive antigen load from the environment, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue must continually maintain a delicate balance between active immunity, tolerance, and suppression of immune responses. Homeostasis is essential. Dysfunction of the mucosa's complex immunoregulatory mechanisms may give rise to a diverse panoply of illnesses, including inflammatory bowel disease and celiac sprue. Current research on mucosal interactions at the molecular and cellular level is revolutionizing our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of these diseases, and may guide their future diagnosis, therapy, and prevention. Indeed, the current wave of investigation has carried the field beyond the realm of mucosal disease, allowing for the harnessing of special mucosal phenomena in the development of new therapeutic modalities and in the treatment of an even wider array of systemic disorders.
Long-term diazepam therapy and clinical outcome (1983)

This double-blind study involved the continuous (six to 22 weeks) treatment of 180 chronically anxious outpatients with diazepam, 15 to 40 mg/day. Our findings indicate that a significant number of patients benefit from prolonged diazepam treatment and that tolerance to the anxiolytic effect of diazepam does not develop during a 22-week study period. The duration of continual treatment with sedative-benzodiazepines was clearly the most important determinant of withdrawal reactions. Patients treated continuously for less than eight months with sedative-benzodiazepines had an incidence of withdrawal of 5%, whereas 43% of patients treated for eight months or more demonstrated clear withdrawal reactions. While these withdrawal reactions produced considerable distress, they were neither life threatening nor incapacitating and did not include convulsions or psychotic reactions. In all cases, withdrawal reactions could be readily managed by gradually tapering the dose of the benzodiazepine. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:767-771)
Characterization of hypertriglyceridemia induced by L-asparaginase therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma. (1998)

Plasma lipids and apolipoproteins were determined in 19 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or malignant lymphoma (ML) who were treated by L-asparaginase with prednisolone and vincristine. Extreme hypertriglyceridemia, i.e., over 10,000 mg/l of the maximum serum triglyceride concentration, was induced in 8 patients; these concentrations were not over 10,000 mg/l in the remaining 11 patients. The possibility was raised that the apolipoprotein E (apoE) isoform apoE4 (epsilon 4) participated in the induction of extreme hypertriglyceridemia, since the frequency of the apoE4/E3 phenotype in the patients with extreme hypertriglyceridemia was higher compared to those in the patients without extreme hypertriglyceridemia and control subjects (n = 248). The acute and severe hypertriglyceridemia was induced at 8 to 14 days after the end of the L-asparaginase therapy, with an earlier remarkable increase in the apoCIII/apoCII ratio and an extreme decrease of fibrinogen concentrations (a marker of the protein productivity of the liver). It is well known that apoCII and apoCIII have possible functions as an activator and an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), respectively. The extreme increase in the apoCIII/apoCII ratio could be one of the reasons for the accumulation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in plasma.
Nearest Neighbour Search using binary neural networks (2016)

The problem of finding nearest neighbours in terms of Euclidean distance, Hamming distance or other distance metric is a very common operation in computer vision and pattern recognition. In order to accelerate the search for the nearest neighbour in large collection datasets, many methods rely on the coarse-fine approach. In this paper we propose to combine Product Quantization (PQ) and binary neural associative memories to perform the coarse search. Our motivation lies in the fact that neural network dimensions of the representation associated with a set of k vectors is independent of k. We run experiments on TEXMEX SIFT1M and MNIST databases and observe significant improvements in terms of complexity of the search compared to raw PQ.
Regulation of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene (aldA) and Its Role in the Control of the Coinducer Level Necessary for Induction of the Ethanol Utilization Pathway in Aspergillus nidulans (2001)

Expression of the structural genes for alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase, alcA and aldA, respectively, enables the fungus Aspergillus nidulans to grow on ethanol. The pathway-specific transcriptional activator AlcR mediates the induction of ethanol catabolism in the presence of a coinducing compound. Ethanol catabolism is further subject to negative control mediated by the general carbon catabolite repressor CreA. Here we show that, in contrast to alcA and alcR, the aldA gene is not directly subject to CreA repression. A single cis-acting element mediates AlcR activation of aldA. Furthermore, we show that the induction of the alc gene system is linked to in situ aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. In aldA loss-of-function mutants, the alc genes are induced under normally noninducing conditions. This pseudo-constitutive expression correlates with the nature of the mutations, suggesting that this feature is caused by an intracellular accumulation of a coinducing compound. Conversely, constitutive overexpression of aldA results in suppression of induction in the presence of ethanol. This shows unambiguously that acetaldehyde is the sole physiological inducer of ethanol catabolism. We hypothesize that the intracellular acetaldehyde concentration is the critical factor governing the induction of the alc gene system.
Prognostic and predictive value of epidermal growth factor receptor in recurrent breast cancer. (2002)

EGFR expression had prognostic significance in recurrent breast cancer, whereas its prognostic value was not independent of the ER status. In addition, the EGFR expression was suggested to be related to the responses to hormonal therapy and chemotherapy, whereas the EGFR expression had an additional prognostic value that was independent of the treatment response.
Interaction of multiple iron balls in magnetic fields (2005)

We have measured the field distribution around multiple iron balls exposed to nearly parallel magnetic fields generated from a large permanent magnet. It has been found that all the balls are magnetized in the same direction, which causes repulsive interaction among them. Such a repulsive interaction between magnetized sphere iron balls results in peculiar distributions of the iron balls, in that the balls are separated each other, and those sitting in the second row and the third row could be suspended in midair when they are packed in a plastic box. A group of floating balls could jointly be transported by rotating the lifting magnet.
Oxidative stress, Noxs, and hypertension: Experimental evidence and clinical controversies (2012)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules that influence many physiological processes. Increased ROS bioavailability and altered redox signaling (oxidative stress) have been implicated in chronic diseases including hypertension. Although oxidative stress may not be the sole cause of hypertension, it amplifies blood pressure elevation in the presence of other prohypertensive factors (salt, renin-angiotensin system, sympathetic hyperactivity). A major source for cardiovascular ROS is a family of non-phagocytic NADPH oxidases (Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, Nox5). Other sources of ROS involve mitochondrial electron transport enzymes, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. Although evidence from experimental and animal studies supports a role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hypertension, there is still no convincing proof that oxidative stress is a cause of human hypertension. However, what is clear is that oxidative stress is important in the molecular mechanisms associated with cardiovascular and renal injury in hypertension and that hypertension itself can contribute to oxidative stress. The present review addresses the putative function of ROS in the pathogenesis of hypertension and focuses on the role of Noxs in ROS generation in vessels and the kidney. Implications of oxidative stress in human hypertension are discussed, and clinical uncertainties are highlighted.