gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TRPM7 channels regulate proliferation and polarisation of macrophages (2014)

Ion channels play pivotal roles in regulating important functions of macrophages, such as cytokine and chemokine production, migration, proliferation, phagocytosis and others. In this study, we have identified the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7 (TRPM7) for the first time in macrophages. TRPM7 activity is differentially regulated in macrophages, i.e. current density in TRPM7 is significantly larger in anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages than in untreated and in pro-inflammatory M1-type macrophages, whereas mRNA levels of TRPM7 remain unchanged upon cell polarisation. The specific TRPM7 inhibitors NS8593 and FTY720 abolish proliferation of macrophages induced by interleukin-4 (IL-4) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), respectively, whereas proliferation arrest was not accompanied by induction of apoptosis or necrosis in macrophages. Furthermore, NS8593 and FTY720 prevented polarisation of macrophages towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Inhibition of TRPM7 reduced IL-4-induced upregulation of arginase-1 (Arg1) mRNA levels and Arg1 activity, and abolished the inhibitory effects of IL-4 or M-CSF on LPS-induced TNF-α production by macrophages. In summary, our data suggest a main role of TRPM7 in the regulation of macrophage proliferation and polarisation.
Synthesized source for white-light sensing systems (1993)

We report a novel technique in which by combining the output from two multimode laser diodes a synthesized source with an extremely short coherence length is produced for use in white-light interferometric sensing systems. Experimentally and theoretically it is demonstrated that, by summing the autocorrelation function of two multimode laser diodes with a wavelength difference of 108 nm, a synthesized source with an equivalent coherence length of ~4 microm is generated, greatly reducing the signal-to-noise ratio required to identify the central fringe position.
HUPO Initiatives Relevant to Clinical Proteomics (2004)

The past few years have seen a tremendous interest in the potential of proteomics to address unmet needs in biomedicine. Such unmet needs include more effective strategies for early disease detection and monitoring and more effective therapies, in addition to developing a better understanding of disease pathogenesis. Proteomics is particularly suited for investigating biological fluids to identify disease-related alterations and to develop molecular signatures for disease processes. However, much of the effort undertaken in clinical proteomics to date represents either demonstrations of principles or relatively small-scale studies when compared with genomics effort and accomplishments or more pertinently when contrasted with the tremendous untapped potential of clinical proteomics. Clearly, we are in the early stages. What seems to be urgently needed is an organized effort to build a solid foundation for proteomics that includes developing a much needed infrastructure with adequate resources. The Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) is fostering an organized international effort in proteomics that includes initiatives around organ systems and biological fluids that have disease relevance as well as development of proteomics resources.
Accelerating the domestication of trees using genomic selection: accuracy of prediction models across ages and environments (2011)

• Genomic selection is increasingly considered vital to accelerate genetic improvement. However, it is unknown how accurate genomic selection prediction models remain when used across environments and ages. This knowledge is critical for breeders to apply this strategy in genetic improvement. • Here, we evaluated the utility of genomic selection in a Pinus taeda population of c. 800 individuals clonally replicated and grown on four sites, and genotyped for 4825 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Prediction models were estimated for diameter and height at multiple ages using genomic random regression best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP). • Accuracies of prediction models ranged from 0.65 to 0.75 for diameter, and 0.63 to 0.74 for height. The selection efficiency per unit time was estimated as 53-112% higher using genomic selection compared with phenotypic selection, assuming a reduction of 50% in the breeding cycle. Accuracies remained high across environments as long as they were used within the same breeding zone. However, models generated at early ages did not perform well to predict phenotypes at age 6 yr. • These results demonstrate the feasibility and remarkable gain that can be achieved by incorporating genomic selection in breeding programs, as long as models are used at the relevant selection age and within the breeding zone in which they were estimated.
Actinic imaging and evaluation of phase structures on EUV lithography masks (2011)

The authors describe the implementation of a phase-retrieval algorithm to reconstruct phase and complex amplitude of structures on EUV lithography masks. Many native defects commonly found on EUV reticles are difficult to detect and review accurately because they have a strong phase component. Understanding the complex amplitude of mask features is essential for predictive modeling of defect printability and defect repair. Besides printing in a stepper, the most accurate way to characterize such defects is with actinic inspection, performed at the design, EUV wavelength. Phase defect and phase structures show a distinct through-focus behavior that enables qualitative evaluation of the object phase from two or more high-resolution intensity measurements. For the first time, phase of structures and defects on EUV masks were quantitatively reconstructed based on aerial image measurements, using a modified version of a phase-retrieval algorithm developed to test optical phase shifting reticles.
Seed technology and its biological basis (2000)

The value of seeds Seed proteins Seed carbohydrates Seed oils and their metabolic engineering The wheat grain: new research developments and approaches to improvement Barley biotechnology Molecular farming using seeds as hosts Commercial seed treatment technology Seed priming Seed substitutes from the laboratory Keeping seeds alive References Index.
Dynamic Delegation Approach for Access Control in Grids (2006)

Access control is a mechanism to secure resources from unauthorized use. Securing a grid resource imposes a distinctive set of challenges to access control policies and mechanisms. As the grid resources are distributed in space and time, direct authorization methods are not always sufficient. Delegation is a way of indirect authorization whereby an active entity in a grid system can access a resource or act on behalf of another active entity. Access to resources in grids can be broadly categorized as full, nil or partial implying a degree of fuzziness. Conventional security models are rigid and the tasks that need to be performed by an active grid entity, require a more flexible form of access. A fuzzy logic based scheme provides more flexibility to resource access and access control in grids. The delegated rights have to be granted in a dynamic environment where the entities of a grid do not have prior information about each other. We propose a new scheme for this, which uses a two-stage fuzzy inference process based on trust relationships among the grid entities
Pertussis Toxin and Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Provide a One-Two Punch for Establishment of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> Infection of the Respiratory Tract (2005)

Previously we found that pertussis toxin (PT), an exotoxin virulence factor produced by Bordetella pertussis, plays an important early role in colonization of the respiratory tract by this pathogen, using a mouse intranasal infection model. In this study, we examined the early role played by another exotoxin produced by this pathogen, adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT). By comparing a wild-type strain to a mutant strain (DeltaCYA) with an in-frame deletion of the cyaA gene encoding ACT, we found that the lack of ACT confers a significant peak (day 7) colonization defect (1 to 2 log(10)). In mixed-infection experiments, the DeltaCYA strain was significantly outcompeted by the wild-type strain, and intranasal administration of purified ACT did not increase colonization by DeltaCYA. These data suggest that ACT benefits the bacterial cells that produce it and, unlike PT, does not act as a soluble factor benefiting the entire infecting bacterial population. Comparison of lower respiratory tract infections over the first 4 days after inoculation revealed that the colonization defect of the PT deletion strain was apparent earlier than that of DeltaCYA, suggesting that PT plays an earlier role than ACT in the establishment of B. pertussis infection. Examination of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of infected mice revealed that, unlike PT, ACT does not appear to inhibit neutrophil influx to the respiratory tract early after infection but may combat neutrophil activity once influx has occurred.
Preparation of reversibly glucose-responsive hydrogels by covalent immobilization of lectin in polymer networks having pendant glucose (2004)

Glucose-responsive hydrogels were prepared by copolymerization of a monomer having a pendant glucose with modified lectin (concanavalin A (ConA)) having vinyl groups. Swelling behavior of ConA-copolymerized glucosyloxyethyl methacrylate (GEMA) hydrogels was discussed from the viewpoint of their synthetic condition and structures. The swelling ratio of the ConA-copolymerized GEMA hydrogels was strongly dependent on the glucose concentration in a buffer solution. As free glucose resulted in the dissociation of the complex between ConA and pendant glucose in the networks and the cross-linking density in the hydrogel decreased, the hydrogels swelled gradually in the presence of free glucose. Leak of ConA from the ConA-entrapment hydrogel and ConA-copolymerized hydrogel was examined in order to discuss the reversible changes of their glucose-responsive behavior. During swelling in the presence of free glucose, ConA leaked out of the ConA-entrapment GEMA hydrogel but did not out of the ConA-copolymerized GEMA hydrogel. As a result, the ConA-copolymerized GEMA hydrogel showed the reversible swelling changes in response to a stepwise change in the glucose concentration. This study revealed that covalent immobilization of ConA in the GEMA networks is very important for development of reversibly glucose-responsive hydrogels.
Electrical Phase Shift Multiplier (1965)

The sensitivity and resolution of a given phasemeter can be improved at least one hundred times by connecting a phase shift multiplier between the phasemeter and the signal sources. The multiplier has been used to improve the sensitivity of an ultrasonic detector for gas chromatography. It should find applications in other fields where measurement of extremely small phase shifts is required.
Icing Encounter Flight Simulator (2006)

The Icing Encounter Flight Simulator is one part of the Smart Icing Systems project at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. From the Smart Icing Systems project, an ice management system was designed that would sense and characterize ice, notify the pilot, and if necessary take measures to ensure the safety of the aircraft. The icing simulator was used as a platform to integrate and test different components of the Smart Icing System. To create an Icing Encounter Flight Simulator, functionality and Smart Icing System components were added to the FlightGear flight simulator. Functionality added to FlightGear include a reconfigurable aircraft model and an icing model, and Smart Icing System components added include an envelope protection system and a glass cockpit enhanced with ice management system features. To ensure a real-time simulation, computationally intensive processes were distributed over several desktop computers linked together through a local network. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Smart Icing System components, two fictional but historically motivated icing scenarios were developed and tested with a simulated DeHavilland DHC-6 Twin Otter, specifically, a tailplane stall event during a steep descent and a roll upset event during an emergency approach. Language: en
Website Classification Engine Research and Implementation (2008)

Internet provides us with explosive information and involves massive important and useful knowledge within the abundant Web resources. Search engines can be very convenient to help users access the information they need. Through the Website classification, it can be more efficient to retrieve information. Through Web page automatic categorization engine design and implementation, this paper improves Web page classification and retrieval efficiency to help users access information more efficiently.
Adaptive nanowire–nanotube bioelectronic system for on-demand bioelectrocatalytic transformations (2007)

An integrated nanobioelectronic system, exploiting the distinct properties of nanowires and carbon-nanotubes, has been designed for triggering reversibly and on-demand bioelectrocatalytic transformations of alcohols.
ADVANCED TIMING AND SYNCHRONIZATION METHODOLOGIES FOR DIGITAL VLSI INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (2005)

This dissertation addresses timing and synchronization methodologies that are critical to the design, analysis and optimization of high-performance, integrated digital VLSI systems. As process sizes shrink and design complexities increase, achieving timing closure for digital VLSI circuits becomes a significant bottleneck in the integrated circuit design flow. Circuit designers are motivated to investigate and employ alternative methods to satisfy the timing and physical design performance targets. Such novel methods for the timing and synchronization of complex circuitry are developed in this dissertation and analyzed for performance and applicability.Mainstream integrated circuit design flow is normally tuned for zero clock skew, edge-triggered circuit design. Non-zero clock skew or multi-phase clock synchronization is seldom used because the lack of design automation tools increases the length and cost of the design cycle. For similar reasons, level-sensitive registers have not become an industry standard despite their superior size, speed and power consumption characteristics compared to conventional edge-triggered flip-flops.In this dissertation, novel design and analysis techniques that fully automate the design and analysis of non-zero clock skew circuits are presented. Clock skew scheduling of both edge-triggered and level-sensitive circuits are investigated in order to exploit maximum circuit performances. The effects of multi-phase clocking on non-zero clock skew, level-sensitive circuits are investigated leading to advanced synchronization methodologies. Improvements in the scalability of the computational timing analysis process with clock skew scheduling are explored through partitioning and parallelization.The integration of the proposed design and analysis methods to the physical design flow of integrated circuits synchronized with a next-generation clocking technology-resonant rotary clocking technology-is also presented. Based on the design and analysis methods presented in this dissertation, a computer-aided design tool for the design of rotary clock synchronized integrated circuits is developed.
Raman imaging with near-field scanning optical microscopy (1995)

Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with near-field scanning optical microscopy is used to image Rb-doped KTiOPO4 within a spectral feature with high spatial resolution. We present Raman spectra as well as the first Raman images obtained in the near field. Differences between near-field and far-field Raman measurements are discovered and discussed.
Everolimus for Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (2011)

Everolimus, as compared with placebo, significantly prolonged progression-free survival among patients with progressive advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and was associated with a low rate of severe adverse events. (Funded by Novartis Oncology; RADIANT-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00510068.).
Quantitative Analyses of Mixtures of 2-Deuterio-1-vinylcyclobutanes (2009)

Making distinctions between two stereoisomers characterized by diastereotopic deuterium atoms can ordinarily be achieved using standard NMR spectroscopic methods. Mixtures of stereoisomers having both diastereotopic and enantiotopic deuterium labels, however, may be difficult to analyze quantitatively. The present work introduces a simple way to gain quantitative analyses of mixtures of the four stereoisomeric 2-deuterio-1-vinylcyclobutanes, an essential prerequisite to establishing the stereochemical characteristics of the thermal stereomutations of vinylcyclobutane and its structural isomerizations to cyclohexene. The unconventional NMR method introduced and validated in this work will likely prove convenient and generally applicable to related stereochemical investigations.
Enhanced Injection Molding Simulation of Advanced Injection Molds (2017)

The most time-consuming phase of the injection molding cycle is cooling. Cooling efficiency can be enhanced with the application of conformal cooling systems or high thermal conductivity copper molds. The conformal cooling channels are placed along the geometry of the injection-molded product, and thus they can extract more heat and heat removal is more uniform than in the case of conventional cooling systems. In the case of copper mold inserts, cooling channels are made by drilling and heat removal is facilitated by the high thermal conductivity coefficient of copper, which is several times that of steel. Designing optimal cooling systems is a complex process; a proper design requires injection molding simulations, but the accuracy of calculations depends on how precise the input parameters and boundary conditions are. In this study, three cooling circuit designs and three mold materials (Ampcoloy 940, 1.2311 (P20) steel, and MS1 steel) were used and compared using numerical methods. The effect of different mold designs and materials on cooling efficiency were examined using calculated and measured results. The simulation model was adjusted to the measurement results by considering the joint gap between the mold inserts.
Autoimmune Ovarian Inflammation Triggered by Proinflammatory (Th1) T Cells Is Compatible with Normal Ovarian Function in Mice1 (1999)

The detection of noninfectious ovarian inflammation (oophoritis) and serum ovarian autoantibodies in a patient with premature ovarian failure is indicative of an autoimmune etiology. The mechanisms of autoimmune ovarian injury leading to loss of function are currently unknown. In this study we investigated the impact of oophoritis on ovarian function based on two murine autoimmune ovarian disease (AOD) models. AOD can be induced by thymectomy at Day 3 after birth (d3tx). D3tx mice develop ovarian inflammation and atrophy with loss of oocytes. In these mice, ovarian atrophy and not oophoritis correlated with abnormal estrous cyclicity. The second AOD model is induced by active immunization of adult mice with a murine ZP3 peptide (pZP3) in adjuvant. After active immunization, the zona pellucida antibody titer, not oophoritis, correlated with reduced fertility. To investigate the effect of oophoritis in the absence of antibody response or ovarian atrophy, pZP3-specific T cells were passively transferred into naive syngeneic mice. This recruited cytokine-producing cells into the ovaries so that elevated cytokine production and its effect on ovarian function could be examined. Recipients of pZP3-specific T cells developed severe granulomatous oophoritis, and the diseased ovaries had elevated ovarian mRNA levels of interferon-gamma, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Despite these changes, fertility rates and gonadotropin-induced follicular development remained essentially normal. Therefore, normal ovarian function is compatible with severe ovarian inflammation mediated by autoreactive T cells.
Domain wall memory based digital signal processors for area and energy-efficiency (2015)

In many Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications such as Viterbi decoder and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) based embedded memory consumes significant portion of area and power. These DSP units are dominated by sequential memory access where SRAM-based memory is inefficient in terms of area and power. We propose spintronic Domain Wall Memory (DWM) based embedded memories for DSP building blocks e.g., survivor-path memories in Viterbi decoder and First-In-First-Out (FIFO) register files in FFT processor that exploit the unique serial access mechanism, non-volatility and small footprint of the memory for area and power saving. Simulations using 65nm technology show that the DWM based Viterbi decoder achieves 66.4 % area and 59.6 % power savings over the conventional SRAM-based implementation. For 8K point FFT processor, the DWM based design shows 60.6 % area and 60.3 % power savings.
Rate-Constrained Collaborative Noise Reduction for Wireless Hearing Aids (2008)

Hearing aids are electronic, battery-operated sensing devices which aim at compensating various kinds of hearing impairments. Recent advances in low-power electronics coupled with progresses made in digital signal processing offer the potential for substantial improvements over state-of-the-art systems. Nevertheless, efficient noise reduction in complex listening scenarios remains a challenging task, partly due to the limited number of microphones that can be integrated on such devices. We investigate the noise reduction capability of hearing instruments that may exchange data by means of a rate-constrained wireless link and thus benefit from the signals recorded at both ears of the user. We provide the necessary theoretical results to analyze this collaboration mechanism under two different coding strategies. The first approach takes full benefit of the binaural correlation, while the second neglects it, since binaural statistics are difficult to estimate in a practical setting. The gain achieved by collaborating hearing aids as a function of the communication bit rate is then characterized, both in a monaural and a binaural configuration. The corresponding optimal rate allocation strategies are computed in closed form. While the analytical derivation is limited to a simple acoustic scenario, the latter is shown to capture many of the features of the general problem. In particular, it is observed that the loss incurred by coding schemes which do not consider the binaural correlation is rather negligible in a very noisy environment. Finally, numerical results obtained using real measurements corroborate the potential of our approach in a realistic scenario.
Towards knowledge sharing in disaster management: An agent oriented knowledge analysis framework (2016)

Disaster Management (DM) is a complex set of interrelated activities. The activities are often knowledge intensive and time sensitive. Sharing the required knowledge timely is critical for DM. In developed countries, for recurring disasters (e.g. floods), there are dedicated document repositories of Disaster Management Plans (DMP) that can be accessed as needs arise. However, accessing the appropriate plan in a timely manner and sharing activities between plans often requires domain knowledge and intimate knowledge of the plans in the first place. In this paper, we introduce an agent-based knowledge analysis method to convert DMPs into a collection of knowledge units that can be stored into a unified repository. The repository of DM actions then enables the mixing and matching knowledge between different plans. The repository is structured as a layered abstraction according to Meta Object Facility (MOF). We use the flood management plans used by SES in NSW to illustrate and give a preliminary validation of the approach. It is illustrated using DMPs along the flood prone Murrumbidgee River in central NSW.