gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A restoration algorithm of fingerprint images (1986)

Abstract This paper discusses noise elimination and restoration of the ridge structure of fingerprints in preprocessing for automatic fingerprint identification. The basic idea is as follows. The object image is partitioned into 64 × 64 unit regions with 8 pixels as edge. After estimating the locations of the ridges and valleys the restoration is performed by gray‐scale correction with different weights for each location. The processing is roughly divided as follows: (1) separation of background; (2) detection of ridge direction (quantized in 8 directions); (3) detection of ridge and valley locations; and (4) correction of gray‐scale value. Processing (2) greatly affects the later accuracy of detection and correction and requires high accuracy. In this paper the direction of the ridges is estimated hierarchically both from the local and global views and then is corrected by applying stochastic relaxation. As a result of experiment for 28 fingers (75903 unit regions) 99.00% of the estimates were within direction error of 0 and ±1. Considering that true correspondence of feature points was achieved for more than 73% between the later processed result and the original image, the above value is quite satisfactory for identification, verifying the usefulness of the proposed method.
Media Composition: Salts and Osmolality (2012)

The main components of embryo culture media are salts, which dissociate into their component inorganic ions in aqueous solution. All embryo culture media contain the same six inorganic ions: Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and SO(4)(2-), while most also contain PO(4)(2-). The salts that are used to formulate embryo culture media can be traced back to classic saline solutions, particularly Krebs-Ringer Bicarbonate (KRB), that were developed for somatic cells in the first half of the twentieth century. The salt and inorganic ion concentrations in the first successful defined mouse embryo culture medium, Whittens medium, were identical to those in KRB. These remained largely unchanged in embryo culture media for decades, with similar levels found in the standard mouse embryo culture medium, M16, formulated in the 1970s. Human embryos were initially cultured in undefined somatic cell media such as Earles and Hams F-10 with serum added. This changed in the mid-1980s, however, with the development of Quinns HTF, a defined medium specifically formulated for human embryo culture, in which the inorganic ion concentrations are similar to those in M16 and Whittens. While these media were useful both for experimental work and clinically, embryos suffered developmental blocks in all of them, with mouse embryos blocking at the 2-cell stage and human embryos at the 4- to 8-cell stage. Starting in the late 1980s, however, mouse embryo culture media were first developed that alleviated these developmental blocks. These media, CZB and KSOM, had much lower osmolalities than previous media, mainly due to lower inorganic ion concentrations. Indeed, lowering total inorganic ion concentration and osmolality proved key to understanding how media that supported complete preimplantation development in vitro can be formulated. A subsequent improvement was the addition of amino acids to culture media for both mouse and human embryos. At least in part, their beneficial effect during the cleavage stages of development is due to the presence in early preimplantation embryos of mechanisms for cell volume regulation that depend on the accumulation of amino acids as organic osmolytes to provide intracellular osmotic support. These amino acids, principally glycine, replace a portion of the intracellular inorganic ions that would otherwise be needed to maintain cell size, preventing the intracellular ionic strength from rising to deleterious levels and blocking development. Thus, the optimum salts levels, osmolality, and amino acid contents of culture media are not independent, but interact strongly because of their roles in cell volume regulation. In the absence of compounds that preimplantation embryos can use as organic osmolytes, embryos will develop only at lower osmolalities and salt concentrations in the medium. However, when organic osmolytes such as some amino acids are present, embryos will develop in culture at higher osmolarities that are similar to those they experience in tubal fluid in vivo.
Prostaglandin I2 Signaling and Inhibition of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses (2015)

These results suggest that PGI2 may be a potential therapy to reduce the ILC2 response to protease-containing aeroallergens, such as Alternaria.
Discovery of a Novel Unfolded Protein Response Phenotype of Cancer Stem/Progenitor Cells from the Bone Marrow of Breast Cancer Patients (2010)

Metastases arise from disseminated tumor cells (DTC) that colonize secondary organs. However, DTC survival strategies to start metastatic outgrowth are unclear. The hostile (hypoxic, hypoglycemic) microenvironmental conditions of the bone marrow serve as an ideal model environment for investigation of DTC survival strategies under environmental stress. We investigated the breast cancer DTC cell line BC-M1 established from the bone marrow of a cancer patient by 2-D DIGE and MS analysis. We observed specific overexpression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) proteins Grp78, Grp94, and protein disulfide-isomerase in breast, lung, and prostate cancer DTC cell lines from the bone marrow. The UPR contributes to survival under adverse environmental conditions including chemotherapy. We show in cellular models that Grp78 expression of the UPR is regulated by tyrosine 1248 of ErbB-2. The breast cancer DTC cell lines shared stem/progenitor cell cancer phenotypes (CD44(high)/CD24(low)). Immunocytochemical staining of bone marrow samples from breast cancer patients confirmed in situ high expression of Grp78 and Grp94 in DTC of breast cancer patients, indicating the potential of both proteins as novel markers for DTC detection. Our results suggest the presence of a previously not recognized stress resistant DTC population that combines stem/progenitor attributes with an UPR phenotype.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Sidewall Curl in Advanced High Strength Steels (2011)

Sidewall curl is a type of springback deformation resulting from successive bending-unbending when a sheet metal is drawn over a die radius or through a drawbead. In this study, the sidewall curl in stamped AHSS parts (TRIP780 and DP980) was predicted using four models from LS-DYNA material library: 24, 36, 37, 125 and a UMAT in ABAQUS based on the Yoshida-Uemori model. Various material characterization tests were analyzed to identify the input parameters. Plane-strain channel sections were drawn in a specialized die with adjustable drawbeads and various die entry radii and compared with simulation results. By increasing drawbead penetration, the springback angle decreased but the sidewall curl increased in the channel sections. For simulations in LS-DYNA, MAT37 with increased integration points predicted the most accurate results. The YU model in ABAQUS showed less than 8% error compared to the predicted sidewall curl for channel sections with shallow drawbeads.
The Role of Eicosanoids in Angiotensin-Dependent Hypertension (1998)

Many eicosanoids produced in vascular and renal structures are endowed with the ability to influence vascular and renal mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. Eicosanoids subserve both prohypertensive and antihypertensive mechanisms. The development of angiotensin-dependent hypertension in rats is accompanied by increased vascular production of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and of lipoxygenase-derived products with the ability to inhibit prostacyclin synthase. As a result of these abnormalities, the activity of pressor mechanisms mediated by TXA2 and/or prostaglandin (PG) H2 is increased. The cancellation of TXA2- and/or of PGH2-mediated pressor mechanisms, after treatment with thromboxane synthase inhibitors or TXA2/PGH2 receptor blockers, lowers blood pressure in rats with angiotensin-dependent hypertension. Inhibitors of lipoxygenase also lower blood pressure in such animals, in part by decreasing the synthesis of lipoxygenase-derived inhibitors of prostacyclin synthase. Thus, the vasodepressor effect of these agents is accompanied by increased vascular formation of PGI2 and can be prevented by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Cyclooxygenase-derived eicosanoids, PGE2 and PGI2, also subserve antihypertensive mechanisms in angiotensin-dependent models of hypertension. The level of blood pressure in such models of hypertension reflects, in part, the interplay among prohypertensive and antihypertensive functions subserved by cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids.
Routing state reduction in multicast protocols (1999)

To improve the scalability of multicast protocols, a simple yet novel technique, called the dynamic overlap tree path (DOTP), is proposed. According to the simulation results, the overall average forwarding state-table size can be reduced by ~30 %.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hexadecadienyl Compounds with a Conjugated Diene System, Sex Pheromone of the Persimmon Fruit Moth and Related Compounds (2003)

Hexadecadien-1-ol and the derivatives (acetate and aldehyde) with a conjugated diene system have recently been identified from a pheromone gland extract of the persimmon fruit moth (Stathmopoda masinissa), a pest insect of persimmon fruits distributed in East Asia. The alcohol and acetate showed their base peaks at m/z 79 in a GC-MS analysis by electron impact ionization, but the aldehyde produced a unique base peak at m/z 84, suggesting a 4,6-diene structure. To confirm this inference, four geometrical isomers of each 4,6-hexadecadienyl compound were synthesized by two different routes in which one of two double bonds was furnished in a highly stereoselective manner. Separation of the two isomers synthesized together by each route was facilely accomplished by preparative HPLC. Their mass spectra coincided well with those of natural components, indicating that they were available for use as authentic standards for determining the configuration of the natural pheromone. Furthermore, other hexadecadienyl compounds, including the conjugated diene system between the 3- and 10-positions, were synthesized to accumulate the spectral data of pheromone candidates. 5,7-Hexadecadienal interestingly showed the base peak at m/z 80; meanwhile, the base peaks of its alcohol and acetate were detected at m/z 79 like the corresponding 4,6-dienes. The base peaks of all 6,8-, 7,9-, and 8,10-dienes universally appeared at m/z 67 like 9,11-, 10,12-, and 13,15-dienes, the spectra of which have already been published. Although 3,5-hexadecadienal was not prepared, base peaks at m/z 67 and 79 were recorded for the alcohol and acetate, respectively.
Robust Formant Tracking for Continuous Speech With Speaker Variability (2006)

Several algorithms have been developed for tracking formant frequency trajectories of speech signals, however most of these algorithms are either not robust in real-life noise environments or are not suitable for real-time implementation. The algorithm presented in this paper obtains formant frequency estimates from voiced segments of continuous speech by using a time-varying adaptive filterbank to track individual formant frequencies. The formant tracker incorporates an adaptive voicing detector and a gender detector for formant extraction from continuous speech, for both male and female speakers. The algorithm has a low signal delay and provides smooth and accurate estimates for the first four formant frequencies at moderate and high signal-to-noise ratios. Thorough testing of the algorithm has shown that it is robust over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios for various types of background noises.
Differential Expression of the Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Large Subunit Gene in Bundle Sheath and Mesophyll Cells of Developing Maize Leaves Is Influenced by Light (1985)

We have investigated the influence of light on the mRNA of the gene for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of the C(4) plant Zea mays. The gene is transcribed in both cell types in leaves of seedlings grown in the dark. However, upon illumination, the level of mRNA declines and becomes undetectable in mesophyll cells after 72 hours. On the contrary, in bundle sheath cells the two transcripts of the same gene increase to peak after 24 hours of greening and then decrease to a steady state level. This study was made possible by the development of improved methods for the isolation of two maize leaf cell types suitable for the extraction of high quality RNAs at different developmental states, i.e. etiolated, greening and green.
Microtubule Stabilization Reduces Scarring and Causes Axon Regeneration After Spinal Cord Injury (2011)

Hypertrophic scarring and poor intrinsic axon growth capacity constitute major obstacles for spinal cord repair. These processes are tightly regulated by microtubule dynamics. Here, moderate microtubule stabilization decreased scar formation after spinal cord injury in rodents through various cellular mechanisms, including dampening of transforming growth factor-β signaling. It prevented accumulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and rendered the lesion site permissive for axon regeneration of growth-competent sensory neurons. Microtubule stabilization also promoted growth of central nervous system axons of the Raphe-spinal tract and led to functional improvement. Thus, microtubule stabilization reduces fibrotic scarring and enhances the capacity of axons to grow.
Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Silk Fibroin Biomaterial in the Repair of Articular Cartilage Defects (2012)

Cartilage tissue engineering requires a porous biodegradable scaffold and nonimmunogenic cells with chondrogenic potential. In this study, the ability of the placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) to grow on silk fibroin (SF) biomaterial was determined, and the potential of a SF biomaterial serving as a delivery vehicle for human PMSCs in a rabbit articular cartilage defects model was evaluated. Human PMSCs were maintained in vitro in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) system to investigate the suppressive effects on T cell proliferation. A total of 12 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were implanted with a PMSC/SF biomaterial complex after articular cartilage defects of the femoral condyle in the knee were established. The repair of the articular cartilage defects was observed after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results from the MLR indicated that human PMSCs inhibited rabbit T cell responses. Knee damage was repaired by the newly formed hyaline cartilage, and within 12 weeks there was neither degeneration nor infiltration with lymphocytes or leukocytes, and no silk fibroin biomaterial residue was detected. In conclusion, the silk fibroin biomaterial can be applied as a new scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering, and implantation of human PMSCs on the cartilage can enhance repair of articular cartilage defects in a rabbit model.
A reconfigurable content addressable memory (2002)

A 256 word by 64 b reconfigurable content addressable memory (RCAM) that can be written, searched, or read with a 100 ns cycle time is described. Designed for general high-speed table lookup applications, the RCAM has self-test and reconfiguration features to simplify testing and improve yield. For more than 256 words, the RCAM has extension logic built into the word-finding logic. In a multichip application, all pins of each RCAM are tied together, except for the F-line pins (Fi, Fo, and Fd). The F pins ensure that only one chip writes onto the data bus and only one chip stores a word. The Fi, Fo, and Fd are analogous to the carry in, carry propagate, and carry generate signals of a carry look ahead adder.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiple-bit-upset and single-bit-upset resilient 8T SRAM bitcell layout with divided wordline structure (2011)

This paper presents a new 8T (8-transistor) SRAM cell layout mitigating multiple-bit upset (MBU) in a divided wordline structure. Because bitlines along unselected columns are not activated, the divided wordline structure eliminates a half-select problem and achieves low-power operation, which is often preferred for low-power / low-voltage applications. However, the conventional 8T SRAM with the divided wordline structure engenders MBUs because all bits in the same word are physically adjoining. Consequently, error correction coding (ECC) techniques are difficult to apply. This paper presents a new 8T cell layout pattern that separates internal latches in SRAM cells using both an n-well and a p-substrate. We investigated an SEU cross section of nMOS that is 3.5-4.5 times higher than that of pMOS. Using an iRoC TFIT simulator, we confirmed that the proposed 8T cell has better neutron-induced MBU tolerance. The MBU in the proposed 8T SRAM is improved by 90.70% and the MBU soft error rate (SER) is decreased to 3.46 FIT at 0.9 V when ECC is implemented. Additionally, we conducted Synopsys 3-D TCAD simulation, which indicates that the LET threshold (LETth) in single-event upset (SEU) is also improved by 66.47% in the proposed 8T SRAM by a common-mode effect.
China: A New (Furtive) Approach to Taxing International Transportation Income (2011)

Donghwa Industrial Corporation v. Weihai Huancui State Tax Bureau: China's New (Furtive) Approach to Taxing International Transportation Income
Lysophosphatidylcholine, Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Hemodialysis Patients: Analysis at 5 Years of Follow-up (2013)

Although oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) have been proposed as important mediators of the atherosclerosis, the long-term contribution to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hemodialysis patients has not been evaluated. This study investigated the relation between oxidized LDL and LPC levels with long term risk of CVD. Plasma oxidized LDL and LPC levels were determined in 69 Korean hemodialysis patients as a prospective observational study for 5 yr. During the observation period, 18 cardiovascular events (26.1%) occurred including 6 deaths among the hemodialysis patients. The low LPC level group (≤ 254 µM/L, median value) had much more increased risk of CVD compared to the high LPC level group (> 254 µM/L) (P = 0.01). However, serum levels of oxidized LDL were not significantly different between groups with and without CVD. In adjusted Cox analysis, previous CVD, (hazard ratio [HR], 5.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.94-16.63, P = 0.002) and low LPC level (HR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.04-11.42, P = 0.04) were significant independent risk factors for development of CVD. It is suggested that low LPC, but not oxidized LDL, is associated with increased risk of CVD among a group of Korean hemodialysis patients.
Meta data management (2005)

By meta data management, we mean techniques for manipulating schemas and schema-like objects (such as interface definitions and web site maps) and mappings between them. Work on meta data problems goes back to at least the early 1970s, when data translation was the hot database research topic, even before relational databases caught on. Many popular research problems in the past five years are primarily meta data problems, such as data warehouse tools (e.g., ETL – to extract, transform and load), data integration, the semantic web, generation of XML or object-oriented wrappers for SQL databases, and generation of wrappers for web sites. Other classical meta data problems are information resource management, design tool support and integration, and schema evolution and data migration. Despite its longevity and continued importance, there is no widely-accepted conceptual framework for the meta data field, as there is for many other database topics, such as access methods, query processing, and transaction management. In this seminar, we propose such a conceptual framework. It consists of three layers: applications, design patterns, and basic operators. Applications are the end-user problems to be solved, like those listed in the previous paragraph. Design patterns are generic problems that need to be solved in support of many different applications, such as meta modeling (for all meta data problems), answering queries using views (for data integration and the semantic web), and change propagation (for data translation, schema evolution, and round-trip engineering). Basic operators are procedures that are needed to support multiple design patterns and applications, such as matching schemas to produce a mapping, merging schemas based on a mapping, and composing mappings. We will describe several meta data management problems, and for each, we will explain the design patterns and operators that are needed to solve it. We will summarize the main approaches to each design pattern and operator – the main choices of language, data structures, and algorithms – and will highlight the relevant papers that address it. This seminar is targeted at both practicing engineers and researchers. The former will learn about the latest solutions to important meta data problems and the many difficult unsolved problems that are best to avoid. Database researchers, especially professors, will benefit from considering the conceptual framework that we propose, since no database textbooks treat meta data management as a separate topic as far as we know.
Complete transient simulation of flash EEPROM devices (1992)

A two-dimensional device simulator which allows the complete transient simulation of nonvolatile memories is presented. The simulator has been derived from HFIELDS and incorporates models to account for Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, hot electron injection through silicon dioxide, and band-to-band tunneling in silicon. The physical models have been verified by comparing simulations with measurements performed on suitable test structures where good agreement has been obtained. The tool has been used to investigate flash EEPROM device scaling and to evaluate a published scaling scenario.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phase Behavior and Photooptical Properties of Liquid Crystalline Functionalized Copolymers with Low-Molecular-Mass Dopants Stabilized by Hydrogen Bonds (2005)

The approach of deriving new photooptically active polymeric substances by hydrogen bonding between functionalized liquid crystalline (LC) copolymers and low-molecular-mass dopants, containing photochromic azobenzene fragments, is described. The formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between carboxylic groups of functionalized LC copolymers and the pyridine fragment of the dopant leads to stable, nonseparating mixtures in a broad interval of contents (up to 30 mol % dopant molecules). The phase behavior and structure of photochromic mixtures are investigated. Induction of a nematic mesophase is observed in the case of a smectic polymer matrix doped with low-molar-mass photochromic dyes.