gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma Coagulation by Organisms Other Than <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1965)

Bayliss, Berenice G. (Washington State University, Pullman), and Elizabeth R. Hall. Plasma coagulation by organisms other than Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 89:101-105. 1965.-Approximately 200 organisms were investigated for their ability to clot human and rabbit plasma. Various anticoagulants were used in preparing the plasma: acid-citrate-dextrose, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, balanced oxalate, potassium and sodium oxalates, and heparin. Twelve organisms were found which coagulated citrated plasma in less than 8 hr: four strains of Streptococcus faecalis; two strains of S. faecalis var. zymogenes; three strains of S. faecalis var. liquefaciens; and one strain each of S. pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens. Six strains of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus were selected for use as controls. Experiments were performed to determine the mechanism by which these microorganisms coagulated citrated plasma. As this was the only plasma clotted, it was presumed that the citrate was utilized by the microorganisms, thereby releasing the calcium which was then made available so that normal physiological clotting could occur. To test this hypothesis, a chromatographic method was employed to determine the presence or absence of citrate. Coagulation tests, by use of increasing amounts of citrate, showed a linear relationship between the amount of citrate in the plasma and the coagulation time. It was demonstrated that the organisms must be actively metabolizing to clot citrated plasma. Proof for this was obtained by using a cell-free filtrate, to which thimerosal had been added to inhibit growth, instead of whole cultures for the coagulation test. Only the coagulase-positive staphylococci coagulated the citrated plasma under these conditions. From the results obtained, it was concluded that plasma coagulation by these organisms was by citrate utilization.
Patterns of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (1991)

The presence of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor receptors in human skin tumors was investigated using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Sixteen basal cell carcinomas and 11 squamous cell carcinomas were evaluated. All of the specimens studied were receptor positive. In 70% of the specimens there was prominent staining of the cell membranes. In 54% of the nodular basal cell carcinoma specimens there was increased staining at the periphery of the tumor cell masses.
Transforming UML state machines into stochastic Petri nets for energy consumption estimation of embedded systems (2012)

Abstract—This paper presents an ongoing effort towards a methodology for the model-based engineering of energy-efficient automation systems. Energy consumption is an increasingly important decision criterion, which has to be included in the search for good architectural and design alternatives. In the paper, a modelling and performance evaluation technique is proposed, which describes an embedded system with an operational model of the processor hardware and an application model of the software. UML extended with MARTE profile elements is used for this part. Both models are transformed into a stochastic Petri net (SPN), for which we give transformation rules. It is then possible to predict the energy consumption of the hardware / software system by a standard evaluation of the Petri net. An example is provided. Keywords-UML; MARTE; Petri nets; energy consumption; energy efficiency;
Efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy in  -mannosidosis mice: a preclinical animal study (2004)

Alpha-mannosidosis is a lysosomal storage disorder which manifests itself in the excessive storage of mannose-containing oligosaccharides in the lysosomes of multiple peripheral tissues and in the brain. Here we report on the correction of storage in a mouse model of alpha-mannosidosis after intravenous administration of lysosomal acid alpha-mannosidase (LAMAN) from bovine kidney, and human and mouse recombinant LAMAN. The bovine and the human enzyme were barely phosphorylated, whereas the bulk of the mouse LAMAN contained mannose 6-phosphate recognition markers. The clearance decreased from bovine to human to mouse LAMAN with plasma half-times of 4, 8 and 12 min, respectively. The apparent half-life of the internalized enzyme was dependent on the enzyme source as well as tissue type and varied between 3 and 16 h. The corrective effect on the storage of neutral oligosaccharides was time-, tissue- and dose-dependent, and the effects were observed to be transient. After a single dose of LAMAN the maximum corrective effect was observed between 2 and 6 days after injection. In general the corrective effect of the human LAMAN was higher than that of the mouse LAMAN and lowest for the bovine LAMAN. Injection of 250 mU human LAMAN/g body weight followed by a subsequent injection 3.5 days later was sufficient to clear liver, kidney and heart from neutral oligosaccharides. Surprisingly a decrease in mannose containing oligosaccharides was also observed in the brain, with storage levels reported at <30% than that found in controls. These data clearly underline the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy for the correction of storage in alpha-mannosidosis and suggest that this treatment can substantially decrease storage in the brain.
Production of Lipoprotein Lipases by Microorganisms (1966)

Production of Lipoprotein Lipases by Microorganisms Get access Kei Arima, Kei Arima Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-kuy, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Teiiti Narasaki, Teiiti Narasaki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshio Nakamura, Yoshio Nakamura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-kuy, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Gakuzo Tamura Gakuzo Tamura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-kuy, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 30, Issue 5, 1 May 1966, Pages 515–516, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1966.10858635 Published: 01 May 1966 Article history Received: 14 March 1966 Published: 01 May 1966
Travelling Savage Spaces: Jean de Léry and Territorializations of ‘Antarctic France', Brazil 1555-60 (2009)

Travelling Savage Spaces : Jean de Lery and Territorializations of ‘Antarctic France’, Brazil 1555-60
Developmentally regulated cell death on expression of the fungal avirulence gene Avr9 in tomato seedlings carrying the disease-resistance gene Cf-9. (1994)

Plant defense responses are induced when the products of disease-resistance genes and pathogen avirulence genes interact. We report here the effects of expressing the Cladosporium fulvum avirulence Avr9 gene product in a tomato line containing the Cf-9 disease-resistance gene. A synthetic Avr9 gene was constructed to produce constitutive high-level expression of AVR9 peptide in the plant apoplast. Avr9 expression in Cf-9-containing tomato lines is lethal, but cell death is developmentally regulated, in that necrosis is not visible until 10 days after planting seed. Plant lines lacking Cf-9 and expressing Avr9 remain healthy. The synthetic Avr9 gene exhibited the same specificity of action as the authentic C. fulvum Avr9 gene. Our results have significant implications for strategies using the gene combination Avr9/Cf-9 to engineer plants with enhanced disease resistance.
Scheduling issues in multimedia query optimization (1995)

article Free AccessScheduling issues in multimedia query optimization Authors: Minos N. Garofalakis Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison Univ. of Wisconsin, MadisonView Profile , Yannis E. Ioannidis Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison Univ. of Wisconsin, MadisonView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 27Issue 4pp 590–592https://doi.org/10.1145/234782.234797Published:01 December 1995Publication History 11citation506DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads506Last 12 Months24Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Impaired humoral immune response in complement C3‐deficient guinea pigs: absence of secondary antibody response (1986)

A recently described genetically controlled C3 deficiency (C3D) in guinea pigs (GP) provided a unique model for studying the role of C3 in the afferent limb of the humoral immune response in a direct manner. These C3D animals, which have only 5-7% of normal serum C3 level, were immunized with the bacteriophage phi chi 174, a T cell-dependent antigen, followed by a booster injection after 4 weeks (1.5 X 10(9) plaque-forming units/kg). The formation of IgM and IgG antibody in the course of the primary and secondary response was determined and compared with a control group of inbred strain 2 GP. The C3D animals showed a markedly diminished antibody response to this antigen. Amplification of the antibody titer as well as regular isotype switching from IgM to IgG was absent in the secondary response. Increasing the amount of antigen to a high dose (1 X 10(10) plaque-forming units/kg) led to a normalization of the antibody response. The impairment in antibody formation resembles closely the impaired antibody response in C4-deficient or C2-deficient GP, which both have a block in activation of C3 via the classical pathway. However, in contrast to C4D GP or C2D GP the C3D GP do not exhibit serological characteristics of immune complex disease. They have normal levels of total serum IgM, of IgM anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl antibodies and of IgM rheumatoid factors.
One Hundred Years of Migraine Research: Major Clinical and Scientific Observations From 1910 to 2010 (2011)

Pain research, and headache research in particular, during the 20th century, has generated an enormous volume of literature promulgating theories, questions, and temporary answers. This narrative review describes the most important events in the history of migraine research between 1910 and 2010. Based on the standard textbooks of headache: Wolff's Headache (1948 and 1963) and The Headaches (1993, 2000, and 2006) topics were selected for a historical review. Most notably these included: isolation and clinical introduction of ergotamine (1918); further establishment of vasodilation in migraine and the constrictive action of ergotamine (1938); identification of pain-sensitive structures in the head (1941); Lashley's description of spreading scotoma (1941); cortical spreading depression (CSD) of Leão (1944); serotonin and the introduction of methysergide (1959); spreading oligemia in migraine with aura (1981); oligemia in the wake of CSD in rats (1982); neurogenic inflammation theory of migraine (1987); a new headache classification (1988); the discovery of sumatriptan (1988); migraine and calcitonin gene-related peptide (1990); the brainstem "migraine generator" and PET studies (1995); migraine as a channelopathy, including research from the genetic perspective (1996); and finally, meningeal sensitization, central sensitization, and allodynia (1996). Pathophysiological ideas have evolved within a limited number of paradigms, notably the vascular, neurogenic, neurotransmitter, and genetic/molecular biological paradigm. The application of various new technologies played an important role within these paradigms, in particular neurosurgical techniques, EEG, methods to measure cerebral blood flow, PET imaging, clinical epidemiological, genetic, and molecular biological methods, the latter putting migraine (at least hemiplegic migraine) within a completely new classification of diseases.
Graph based transforms for depth video coding (2012)

In this paper a graph-based transform is proposed as an alternative to the discrete cosine transform. An image or video signal is represented as a graph signal, where the graph is generated so as not to cross an image edge in a local region, i.e., square block. Then, spectral representation of graph signal is used to form transform kernels by finding eigenvectors of Laplacian matrix of the graph. This method requires to include additional information, i.e., edge map or adjacency matrix, into a bitstream so that a decoder can regenerate the exactly same graph used at an encoder. The novelty of this paper includes finding the optimal adjacency matrix and compressing it using context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding. Coding efficiency improvement can be achieved when an image block contains arbitrarily shaped edges by applying the transform not across the edges. The proposed transform is applied to coding depth maps used for view synthesis in a multi-view video coding system, and provides 14% bit rate savings on average.
Performance analysis of a LAN/WAN bridging architecture (2003)

A performance analysis of a virtual-circuit-based wide-area network (WAN) that performs local-area-network (LAN) bridging is presented. This type of WAN is suitable for LAN bridging because the conversion of functions between the LAN protocol and the WAN protocol can be simplified by assigning a virtual circuit to each bridge-to-bridge (edge-to-edge) connection. With this architecture, routing is performed efficiently and network resources are used on demand. Analytical approximations of bridge throughput packet delay and packet-loss rates are provided as a function of network and protocol parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Caffeine acts through neuronal adenosine A <sub>2A</sub> receptors to prevent mood and memory dysfunction triggered by chronic stress (2015)

The consumption of caffeine (an adenosine receptor antagonist) correlates inversely with depression and memory deterioration, and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonists emerge as candidate therapeutic targets because they control aberrant synaptic plasticity and afford neuroprotection. Therefore we tested the ability of A2AR to control the behavioral, electrophysiological, and neurochemical modifications caused by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), which alters hippocampal circuits, dampens mood and memory performance, and enhances susceptibility to depression. CUS for 3 wk in adult mice induced anxiogenic and helpless-like behavior and decreased memory performance. These behavioral changes were accompanied by synaptic alterations, typified by a decrease in synaptic plasticity and a reduced density of synaptic proteins (synaptosomal-associated protein 25, syntaxin, and vesicular glutamate transporter type 1), together with an increased density of A2AR in glutamatergic terminals in the hippocampus. Except for anxiety, for which results were mixed, CUS-induced behavioral and synaptic alterations were prevented by (i) caffeine (1 g/L in the drinking water, starting 3 wk before and continued throughout CUS); (ii) the selective A2AR antagonist KW6002 (3 mg/kg, p.o.); (iii) global A2AR deletion; and (iv) selective A2AR deletion in forebrain neurons. Notably, A2AR blockade was not only prophylactic but also therapeutically efficacious, because a 3-wk treatment with the A2AR antagonist SCH58261 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the mood and synaptic dysfunction caused by CUS. These results herald a key role for synaptic A2AR in the control of chronic stress-induced modifications and suggest A2AR as candidate targets to alleviate the consequences of chronic stress on brain function.
Fuzzy Controller for a Gas Turbine Plant (2006)

A novel control for a gas turbine plant using fuzzy scheme is proposed. At the inlet, the compressor in the gas turbine plant is equipped with an adjustable inlet guide vane (IGV), which is controlling the airflow to the entire turbine at all load conditions. At any load change the IGV staggering angle is adjusted such, that the change in air mass flow keeps the turbine exhaust temperature at a constant value. Fuel flow also varied with respect to change in load / speed. The existing control schemes have difficulty to cope up with inherent time delay, nonlinearity due to uncertainty of the combustion process and frequent load changes. This paper presents the design of fuzzy controllers to regulate the IGV position to maintain exhaust temperature and alter the fuel flow with respect to load/speed during all demand conditions. A lab scale experimental setup is fabricated in the laboratory and simulation studies were carried out using conventional PID and fuzzy schemes. Detailed real time data was obtained from the gas turbine plant to validate the controller's performance. The advantages of the proposed scheme over the existing controller are highlighted.
<title>Medical imaging with reverse geometry x-radiography</title> (1994)

Reverse Geometry X-radiography imaging uses a unique configuration of x-ray source, patient, and x-ray detector to produce high resolution images. With the current system, produced by Digiray, one can obtain a resolution of 16 lp/mm and a contrast sensitivity of 0.2%. Using a lead focusing grid with 100 keV x-rays at 1 mA a dose of less than 20 mR/sec was measured. Typical acquisition times are 1/16 sec for 256 line resolution to 8 sec for 2048 line resolution. An optimized multi-detector system under development should reduce the dose rate to far less than 1 mR/sec and allow the possibility for fast volume CT applications providing laminographic view of the patient. Also `mini-probe' detectors have been developed which may be used to produce in-vitro unobstructured views.
Surface chemistry and catalysis confined under two-dimensional materials (2016)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are characterised by their strong intraplanar bonding but weak interplanar interaction. Interfaces between neighboring 2D layers or between 2D overlayers and substrate surfaces provide intriguing confined spaces for chemical processes, which have stimulated a new area of "chemistry under 2D cover". In particular, well-defined 2D material overlayers such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides have been deposited on solid surfaces, which can be used as model systems to understand the new chemistry. In the present review, we first show that many atoms and molecules can intercalate ultrathin 2D materials supported on solid surfaces and the space under the 2D overlayers has been regarded as a 2D nanocontainer. Moreover, chemical reactions such as catalytic reactions, surface adlayer growth, chemical vapor deposition, and electrochemical reactions occur in the 2D confined spaces, which further act as 2D nanoreactors. It has been demonstrated that surface chemistry and catalysis are strongly modulated by the 2D covers, resulting in weakened molecule adsorption and enhanced surface reactions. Finally, we conclude that the confinement effect of the 2D cover leads to new chemistry in a small space, such as "catalysis under cover" and "electrochemistry under cover". These new concepts enable us to design advanced nanocatalysts encapsulated with 2D material shells which may present improved performance in many important processes of heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemistry, and energy conversion.
Comparison between Automatic and Fixed Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in the Home (2002)

We tested the hypothesis that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use and outcomes can be improved by an autotitrating CPAP device in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) who require higher CPAP (10 cm H2O or more). In this multisite randomized single-blind cross-over study, 44 patients (mean age, 49 +/- 10 years) were randomized to 6 weeks at laboratory-determined fixed pressure and 6 weeks on autotitrating CPAP. Average nightly use was greater in automatic mode (306 versus 271 minutes, p = 0.005); median and 95th centile pressures in automatic mode were lower (p < 0.002). Automatic CPAP resulted in better SF-36 Vitality scores (65 +/- 20 versus 58 +/- 23, p < 0.05) and mental health scores (80 +/- 14 versus 75 +/- 18, p < 0.05), but no significant difference in Epworth score (p = 0.065). During automatic therapy, patients reported more restful sleep, better quality sleep, less discomfort from pressure, and less trouble getting to sleep for both the first week of therapy and for the averaged scores for Weeks 2-6 (all p values < 0.006). Patients who require higher fixed CPAP use autotitrating CPAP more and report greater benefit from this therapy.
Bioleaching of chalcopyrite concentrate using Leptospirillum ferriphilum, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in a continuous bubble column reactor (2009)

To estimate the bioleaching performance of chalcopyrite for various hydraulic residence times (HRTs), laboratory-scale bioleaching of chalcopyrite concentrate was carried out in a continuous bubble column reactor with three different HRTs of 120, 80 and 40 h, respectively. An extraction rate and ratio of 0.578 g Cu l(-1) h(-1) and 39.7%, respectively, were achieved for an HRT of 80 h at a solids concentration of 10% (w/v). Lower bioleaching performances than this were obtained for a longer HRT of 120 h and a shorter HRT of 40 h. In addition, there was obvious competition between Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to oxidize ferrous iron, causing large compositional differences between the microbial communities obtained for the different HRTs. Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans were found to be the dominant microbes for the longer HRT (120 h). Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans became the dominant species when the HRT was decreased. The proportion of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans was comparatively constant in the microbial community throughout the three process stages.
ENVIRON: a software package to compare protein three-dimensional structures with homologous sequences using local structural motifs (1993)

This work presents a method to compare local clusters of interacting residues as observed in a known three-dimensional protein structure with corresponding clusters inferred from homologous protein sequences, assuming conserved protein folding. For this purpose the local environment of a selected residue in a known protein structure is defined as the ensemble of amino acids in contact with it in the folded state. Using a multiple sequence alignment to identify corresponding residues in homologous proteins, a detailed comparison can be performed between the local environment of a selected amino acid in the template protein structure and the expected local environments at the sets of equivalent residues, derived from the aligned protein sequences. The comparison makes it possible to detect conserved local features such as hydrogen bonding or complementarity in residue substitution. A global measure of environmental similarity is also defined, to search for conserved amino acid clusters subject to functional or structural constraints. The proposed approach is useful for investigating protein function as well as for site-directed mutagenesis experiments, where appropriate amino acid substitutions can be suggested by observing naturally occurring protein variants.
Imidazoline and Its Derivatives : An Overview (2007)

Imidazoline derivatives, a class of novel cationic surfactants are presently gaining importance in global detergent market due to their wide range of applications. These are extensively used mainly as fabric softeners and antistatic agents. The present communication reviews the preparation, reaction scheme, reaction rates and properties of imidazoline derivatives. The analysis of imidazoline derivatives, its mode of action, their biodegradation and various applications have also been discussed.