gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ezetimibe interferes with cholesterol trafficking from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum in CaCo-2 cells (2007)

Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein (NPC1L1) is the putative intestinal sterol transporter and the molecular target of ezetimibe, a potent inhibitor of cholesterol absorption. To address the role of NPC1L1 in cholesterol trafficking in intestine, the regulation of cholesterol trafficking by ezetimibe was studied in the human intestinal cell line, CaCo-2. Ezetimibe caused only a modest decrease in the uptake of micellar cholesterol, but markedly prevented its esterification. Cholesterol trafficking from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum was profoundly disrupted by ezetimibe without altering the trafficking of cholesterol from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Cholesterol oxidase-accessible cholesterol at the apical membrane was increased by ezetimibe. Cholesterol synthesis was modestly increased. Although the amount of cholesteryl esters secreted at the basolateral membrane was markedly decreased by ezetimibe, the transport of lipids and the number of lipoprotein particles secreted were not altered. NPC1L1 gene and protein expression were decreased by sterol influx, whereas cholesterol depletion enhanced NPC1L1 gene and protein expression. These results suggest that NPC1L1 plays a role in cholesterol uptake and cholesterol trafficking from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum. Interfering with its function will profoundly decrease the amount of cholesterol transported into lymph.
Caractérisation de structures poreuses par relaxométrie RMN (1998)

Nous décrivons quelques aspects de la RMN en milieux poreux qui intéressent le pétrophysicien et le diagraphiste : une mesure utile pour la caractérisation de structures poreuses et pour la distribution de fluides dans le volume poreux. Les bases de l'interprétation des diagraphies RMN en termes de saturation découlent des considérations présentées. Notre analyse s'appuie essentiellement sur une analyse approfondie de la littérature (pétrolière en particulier) et sur des travaux récents effectués à l'Institut Français du Pétrole.
POOF: Part-Based One-vs.-One Features for Fine-Grained Categorization, Face Verification, and Attribute Estimation (2013)

From a set of images in a particular domain, labeled with part locations and class, we present a method to automatically learn a large and diverse set of highly discriminative intermediate features that we call Part-based One-vs.-One Features (POOFs). Each of these features specializes in discrimination between two particular classes based on the appearance at a particular part. We demonstrate the particular usefulness of these features for fine-grained visual categorization with new state-of-the-art results on bird species identification using the Caltech UCSD Birds (CUB) dataset and parity with the best existing results in face verification on the Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) dataset. Finally, we demonstrate the particular advantage of POOFs when training data is scarce.
Data Dropout: Optimizing Training Data for Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

Deep learning models learn to fit training data while they are highly expected to generalize well to testing data. Most works aim at finding such models by creatively designing architectures and fine-tuning parameters. To adapt to particular tasks, hand-crafted information such as image prior has also been incorporated into end-to-end learning. However, very little progress has been made on investigating how an individual training sample will influence the generalization ability of a model. In other words, to achieve high generalization accuracy, do we really need all the samples in a training dataset? In this paper, we demonstrate that deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks may not favor all training samples, and generalization accuracy can be further improved by dropping those unfavorable samples. Specifically, the influence of removing a training sample is quantifiable, and we propose a Two-Round Training approach, aiming to achieve higher generalization accuracy. We locate unfavorable samples after the first round of training, and then retrain the model from scratch with the reduced training dataset in the second round. Since our approach is essentially different from fine-tuning or further training, the computational cost should not be a concern. Our extensive experimental results indicate that, with identical settings, the proposed approach can boost performance of the well-known networks on both high-level computer vision problems such as image classification, and low-level vision problems such as image denoising.
Activation of DNA Methyltransferase 1 by EBV Latent Membrane Protein 2A Leads to Promoter Hypermethylation of <i>PTEN</i> Gene in Gastric Carcinoma (2009)

CpG island promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes is one of the most characteristic abnormalities in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (GC). Aberrant promoter methylation and expression loss of PTEN were evaluated in cancer tissues of GC by methylation-specific PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively, showing that both abnormalities occurred concurrently in EBV-associated GC. PTEN abnormalities were reiterated in GC cell lines MKN-1 and MKN-7 infected with recombinant EBV, and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was commonly overexpressed in both cell lines. Stable and transient transfection systems in MKN-1 similarly showed that viral latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) up-regulated DNMT1, leading to an increase in methylation of the PTEN promoter. Importantly, the level of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) increased in the nuclei of LMP2A-expressing GC cells, and knockdown of STAT3 counteracted LMP2A-mediated DNMT1 overexpression. Immunohistochemistry for both pSTAT3 and DNMT1 showed diffuse labeling in the nuclei of the cancer cells in GC tissues, especially in EBV-associated GC. Taken together, LMP2A induces the phosphorylation of STAT3, which activates DNMT1 transcription and causes PTEN expression loss through CpG island methylation of the PTEN promoter in EBV-associated GC. LMP2A plays an essential role in the epigenetic abnormalities in host stomach cells and in the development and maintenance of EBV-associated cancer.
A Secure Digital Command Link (1960)

The command link described was developed for use with a radar tracked, surface-to-surface guided missile. However, it has features which are applicable to a variety of other uses, wherever communications must be disguised and coded to prevent undesired interference, and to insure secrecy. The command link is of the time division variety, utilizing a pseudorandom command code, which code pulses are interspersed among a completely random set of pulses. A large variation is possible in the time between successive command pulses, in the time between complete commands, in the time of a complete command, in the time between random pulses (maximum and minimum values), and in the nature of the pseudorandomness. Automatic and continuous synchronism between transmitter and receiver is maintained by transmitting at intervals (not necessarily periodic) a single synchronizing pulse which is a part of the pseudorandom code. The synchronizing action can also be obtained from any or all of the other commands without the need for a separate synchronizing pulse, if desired. Note that the synchronizing pulses are nonperiodic, and are fully encoded. The synchronizing process in the receiver is unique in that a single pulse received does the job. The circuit utilizes 3-stage counter, operated continually in a counting mode from an internal oscillator, with the received synchronizing pulse resetting the counter to a fixed count. This reset serves to introduce a fixed time delay between the received pulse and the output of the third stage.
Calculation algorithm of hepatorenal contrast in ultrasonic images based on fuzzy inference (2009)

A calculation algorithm for hepatorenal contrast from real ultrasonic images is proposed for analysis research of time series change in patient condition by aging. It provides automatic calculation of kidney pelvis position based on fuzzy inference, which detects kidney and liver region for hepatorenal contrast to calculate. Experimental calculation results for 150 ultrasonic images taken in real treatment from Kochi Medical School hospital show that accuracy of kidney pelvis detection is 93% and that correlation coefficient of hepatorenal contrast with normal gamma-GT is 0.82. The proposed algorithm is being considered for use in analysis of condition change in Center of Medical Information Science, Kochi Medical School.
<scp>HIV</scp>‐1 neutralizing antibodies: understanding nature's pathways (2013)

The development of an effective vaccine has been hindered by the enormous diversity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and its ability to escape a myriad of host immune responses. In addition, conserved vulnerable regions on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein are often poorly immunogenic and elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses (BNAbs) in a minority of HIV-1-infected individuals and only after several years of infection. All of the known BNAbs demonstrate high levels of somatic mutations and often display other unusual traits, such as a long heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDRH3) and autoreactivity that can be limited by host tolerance controls. Nonetheless, the demonstration that HIV-1-infected individuals can make potent BNAbs is encouraging, and recent progress in isolating such antibodies and mapping their immune pathways of development is providing new strategies for vaccination.
Regulation and localization of amylolytic enzymes in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (1990)

Amylolytic activity was primarily cell associated when Clostridium acetobutylicum was grown on glucose or maltose and primarily extracellular when grown on dextrin or starch. Total amylolytic activity decreased with increasing glucose concentration. When this microorganism was grown in P2 medium containing starch, the intracellular amylolytic activity was 90% membrane bound and 10% cytoplasmic in nature. The addition of 1% glucose to 2% starch-based P2 medium at different stages of growth indicated that this carbohydrate repressed the synthesis of C. acetobutylicum amylolytic enzymes at the level of transcription.
Obstetrical Physical Therapy (1988)

The purpose of this article is to review the literature regarding physical therapy services for pregnant women. Specific services discussed are 1) posture evaluation, 2) treatment of musculoskeletal dysfunction, 3) stress management through relaxation training, and 4) exercise physiology application. Increased education of physical therapists about the specific needs of pregnant women will enhance the quality of physical therapy that obstetrical patients receive.
A Universal Radio Frequency Receiver Architecture Based on Sampled Analog Signal Processing (2007)

International audience
Dissolution of proteins in organic solvents using macrocyclic polyethers: association constants of a cytochrome c–[1,2-<sup>14</sup>C<sub>2</sub>]-18-crown-6 complex in methanol (1985)

Crown ethers and cryptands have been found to be selective complexing agents for a number of proteins, allowing their dissolution in non-aqueous solvents; by using 14C-radiolabelled 18-crown-6, an association constant of ca. 1.0 M–1 at 299 K for a cytochrome c–[1,2-14C2]-18-crown-6 complex was determined in methanol.
The Synthesis of 5-Oxoperhydroisoquinolines (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of 5-OxoperhydroisoquinolinesV. Georgian, R. J. Harrisson, and L. L. SkaletzkyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 12, 4571–4579Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01059a107https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01059a107research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selective Gene Transfer to Endometrial Cancer Cells by a Polymer Against Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) (2008)

A novel cancer-cell-specific gene delivery vector with high transfection efficiency was designed and tested with an in vitro coculture consisting of the human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line, HEC-1A cells, and normal endometrial stromal cells. For the cancer-cell targeting, polyethylenimine (PEI), a cationic polymer that can be easily combined with anionic DNA to form a particulate complex, polyplex, being capable of transferring a gene into a variety of cells, was covalently conjugated with antibodies against matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), a typical surface-marker protein on cancer cells known for its close correlation with angiogenesis and invasion in many types of cancer, using the heterofunctional cross-linker, n-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionamide. Biophysical properties and transfection efficiencies of anti-MMP-2-conjugated PEI were analyzed by means of dynamic light scattering, laser Doppler anemometry, and flow cytometry. Our results reveal that (1) the PEI-anti-MMP-2 antibody conjugate maintains physical parameters, including sizes and surface charges, which appear to be favorable for gene transfer and (2) when the pEGFP-N3 plasmid complexes of the PEI-anti-MMP-2 antibody conjugate are applied to the coculture consisting of HEC-1A cells and human stromal cells, a high level of green fluorescent protein expression occurs in HEC-1A cells over stromal cells, suggesting a specific gene transfer targeting cancer cells. Therefore, targeting invading cancer cells with the PEI-anti-MMP-2 antibody conjugate could be promising in endometrial cancer treatment, and this gene delivery system deserves further optimization in the context of targeted therapeutic gene delivery.
Epithelial Cell Surfaces Induce <i>Salmonella</i> Proteins Required for Bacterial Adherence and Invasion (1989)

Salmonella bacteria are capable of entering (invading) and multiplying within eukaryotic cells. Stable adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells by S. choleraesuis and S. typhimurium were found to require de novo synthesis of several new bacterial proteins. This inducible event appears to be a coordinately regulated system dependent on trypsin- and neuraminidase-sensitive structures present on the epithelial cell surface. Mutants of S. choleraesuis and S. typhimurium were unable to synthesize these proteins and did not stably adhere to nor invade eukaryotic cells. Two such S. typhimurium mutants were avirulent in mice, an indication that these proteins are required for Salmonella virulence.
Characterizing Phage Genomes for Therapeutic Applications (2018)

Multi-drug resistance is increasing at alarming rates. The efficacy of phage therapy, treating bacterial infections with bacteriophages alone or in combination with traditional antibiotics, has been demonstrated in emergency cases in the United States and in other countries, however remains to be approved for wide-spread use in the US. One limiting factor is a lack of guidelines for assessing the genomic safety of phage candidates. We present the phage characterization workflow used by our team to generate data for submitting phages to the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for authorized use. Essential analysis checkpoints and warnings are detailed for obtaining high-quality genomes, excluding undesirable candidates, rigorously assessing a phage genome for safety and evaluating sequencing contamination. This workflow has been developed in accordance with community standards for high-throughput sequencing of viral genomes as well as principles for ideal phages used for therapy. The feasibility and utility of the pipeline is demonstrated on two new phage genomes that meet all safety criteria. We propose these guidelines as a minimum standard for phages being submitted to the FDA for review as investigational new drug candidates.
Defective production of and response to IL-2 in acute human falciparum malaria. (1988)

Patients with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria have defective cell-mediated immune responses to malaria-specific Ag (MA). This immunologic defect may partially explain the difficulty with which natural immunity to falciparum malaria develops and may have important implications for the efficacy of potential malaria vaccines in endemic areas. To investigate the basis of this immune defect, we have examined the capacity of PBMC from patients with acute falciparum malaria to produce IL-2 and to express I1-2R in response to Ag stimulation. The effect of exogenous IL-1 and IL-2 on lymphocyte proliferation was studied. Soluble IL-2R levels were measured in acute and convalescent sera. Our results showed that no detectable IL-2 was produced and no IL-2R were expressed by PBMC in response to MA during the acute infection. IL-2 production and IL-2R expression were also depressed when PBMC were exposed to streptococcal Ag. The specific immune defect was not reconstituted by the addition of graded doses of purified human IL-1 or IL-2 and could not be attributed to suppressor adherent cells. In contrast to the absence of IL-2 and cell-bound IL-2R, circulating soluble IL-2R was elevated in acute sera. These findings suggest that the lack of IL-2, through either a defect in its production or inhibition of its activity, may be the basis of the Ag-specific immune unresponsiveness in acute P. falciparum malaria.
Rethinking Health: ICT-Enabled Services to Empower People to Manage Their Health (2011)

Lifestyle is a key determinant in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. If we would exercise regularly, eat healthy, control our weight, sleep enough, manage stress, not smoke and use alcohol only moderately, 90% of type II diabetes, 80% of coronary heart disease, and 70% of stroke could be prevented. Health statistics show that lifestyle related diseases are increasing at an alarming rate. Public health promotion campaigns and healthcare together are not effective enough to stop this "tsunami". The solution that is offered is to empower people to manage their health with the assistance of ICT-enabled services. A lot of R&D and engineering effort is being invested in Personal Health Systems. Although some progress has been made, the market for such systems has not yet emerged. The aim of this critical review is to identify the barriers which are holding back the growth of the market. It looks into the theoretical foundations of behavior change support, the maturity of the technologies for behavior change support, and the business context in which behavior change support systems are used.
White-to-White Corneal Diameter in the Tehran Eye Study (2009)

Although the mean corneal diameter in the present population was not different from that reported in other studies, the data suggest that slightly different cutoff values for the definition of macrocornea (>12.60 mm) and microcornea (<10.76 mm) can be used with this population.
[In vivo effects of anti-cam antibody on OA sensitized rats]. (1994)

To determine the role of cell adhesion molecules, we evaluated the in vivo effects of anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) monoclonal antibody (1A29) and anti-leukocyte function associated molecule-1 (LFA-1) monoclonal antibody (WT-1) on ovalbumin (OA) sensitized rats. Both sneezing discharges and nasal rubbing movements after nasal OA challenge were significantly inhibited by these monoclonal antibody administrations (control vs treated group; 20.5 +/- 5.0 vs 7.0 +/- 2.9 times/minutes, p < 0.01 and and 56.8 +/- 7.1 vs 26.9 +/- 2.9 times/15 minutes, p < 0.01, for sneezing and rubbing, respectively). The number of eosinophils in nasal mucosa 24 hours after the challenge was also inhibited by the treatment (control vs treatment group; 108.8 +/- 27.3 vs 13.8 +/- 6.9 p < 0.01). These results suggest some pathophysiological roles of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 in nasal allergy.
Assessment of Environmental Biodegradation of Synthetic Polymers (1994)

Abstract The large-scale commercial use of synthetic polymers and their disposal in the environment is a phenomenon less than half a century old, a duration which is minuscule in the evolutionary time scale required for microbial evolution on earth. Consequently, unlike their naturally-occurring counterparts, the biopolymers, which enjoyed long-term interactions with the microbial biosphere, synthetic polymers never had the opportunity to serve as a source of a microbial nutrient of any significance. Hence, few, if any, of the microorganisms are biochemically equipped to catabolize synthetic macromolecules. This lack of development of metabolic pathways capable of utilizing synthetic polymers is often cited as the main reason for recalcitrance of synthetic polymers in the environment [1]. The term “recalcitrant” is used here to describe organic compounds that persist for extended periods of time in the environment, but not necessarily as a result of microbial fallibility.
On the Effect of the Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus(Ni-P) Coating Defects on the Performance of This Type of Coating in Oilfield Environments (1994)

SUMMARY In the eighties the use of electroless nickel-phosphorus(Ni-P) coatings was largely increased in many industrial segments. In the oil industry this kind of coating has a particularly large applicability due to its outstanding resistance to CO2, H2S and aqueous brines. Therefore, it has been largely applied to valves, section pumps, production tubings, and other equipment. Nevertheless, laboratory tests performed have shown that it is essential to evaluate the quality of the coating in order to assure its field performance for it is dramatically affected by surface defect. In this paper several problems that occasionally occur in Ni-P coatings are presented. The following items of the coating are evaluated: nickel and phosphorus content, hardness, adherence, porosity, discontinuities, thickness and uniformity.
Compensation of Intrachannel Effects in Symmetric Dispersion-Managed Transmission Systems (2004)

This paper analyzes perturbations caused by nonlinear intrachannel effects and shows how to cancel them by symmetric configuration of transmission and dispersion-compensating fiber. From an analytical study of amplitude and timing jitter conditions are derived to reduce them effectively. Simulations are performed using different schemes of dispersion compensation and improvement and limits of regenerative symmetric links are also discussed. Finally, the paper presents a simple fiber-based configuration to reduce timing jitter in particular. The quality of existing transmission systems is improved.