gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2D nanosheet molybdenum disulphide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) modified electrodes explored towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (2015)

We explore the use of two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 nanosheets as an electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). Using four commonly employed commercially available carbon based electrode support materials, namely edge plane pyrolytic graphite (EPPG), glassy carbon (GC), boron-doped diamond (BDD) and screen-printed graphite electrodes (SPE), we critically evaluate the reported electrocatalytic performance of unmodified and MoS2 modified electrodes towards the HER. Surprisingly, current literature focuses almost exclusively on the use of GC as an underlying support electrode upon which HER materials are immobilised. 2D MoS2 nanosheet modified electrodes are found to exhibit a coverage dependant electrocatalytic effect towards the HER. Modification of the supporting electrode surface with an optimal mass of 2D MoS2 nanosheets results in a lowering of the HER onset potential by ca. 0.33, 0.57, 0.29 and 0.31 V at EPPG, GC, SPE and BDD electrodes compared to their unmodified counterparts respectively. The lowering of the HER onset potential is associated with each supporting electrode's individual electron transfer kinetics/properties and is thus distinct. The effect of MoS2 coverage is also explored. We reveal that its ability to catalyse the HER is dependent on the mass deposited until a critical mass of 2D MoS2 nanosheets is achieved, after which its electrocatalytic benefits and/or surface stability curtail. The active surface site density and turn over frequency for the 2D MoS2 nanosheets is determined, characterised and found to be dependent on both the coverage of 2D MoS2 nanosheets and the underlying/supporting substrate. This work is essential for those designing, fabricating and consequently electrochemically testing 2D nanosheet materials for the HER.
Spherical Clusters of NiO Nanoshafts for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes (2006)

Spherical clusters of NiO nanoshafts were prepared using a simple, rapid, and easily scaled up method, i.e., chemical precipitation followed by thermal decomposition. The microstructural characteristics of spherical clusters of nanoshafts were examined by scanning electron microscopy, which showed that the NiO nanoshafts were arranged randomly on the surface of the spherical particles and had grown from the center of the spherical particles to their surface. The electrochemical properties of the as-synthesized NiO nanoshaft clusters were investigated to determine their suitability as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The nanoshaft cluster electrodes exhibited better reversibility and higher capacities than NiO nanoparticle electrodes. The reasons for the improved electrochemical performance of the nanoshaft cluster electrodes are discussed.
Measuring the Curie temperature (2012)

Abstract Curie point temperatures ( T C ) of natural and synthetic magnetic materials are commonly determined in rock magnetism by several measurement methods that can be mutually incompatible and may lead to inconsistent results. Here the common evaluation routines for high‐temperature magnetization and magnetic initial susceptibility curves are analyzed and revised based on Landau's theory of second‐order phase transitions. It is confirmed that in high‐field magnetization curves T C corresponds to the inflection point, below the temperature of maximum curvature or the double‐tangent intersection point. At least four different physical processes contribute to the initial magnetic susceptibility near the ordering temperature. They include variation of saturation magnetization, superparamagnetic behavior, magnetization rotation, and magnetic domain wall motion. Because each of these processes may influence the apparent position of T C , initial susceptibility and high‐field curves can yield deviating estimates of T C . A new procedure is proposed to efficiently determine the temperature variation of several magnetic parameters on a vibrating‐sample magnetometer, by repeatedly measuring quarter‐hysteresis loops during a single heating cycle. This procedure takes measurements during the inevitable waiting time necessary for thermal equilibration of the sample, whereby it is not slower than the commonly performed measurements on a Curie balance. However, it returns saturation magnetization, saturation remanence, high‐field and low‐field slopes, and other parameters as a function of temperature, which provide independent information about T C and other sample properties.
Protection against duodenal ulceration by somatostatins. (1986)

The purpose of our investigation was to study the effect of two somatostatin analogs (SMS 201-995 and 008) on duodenal ulcer disease induced by cysteamine in rats. Male Wistar rats were given cysteamine (28 mg/100 g body wt.) by rubber stomach tube three times in a single day. All animals of the test group were injected subcutaneously either with SMS 201-995 in different doses or with 008. On the 3rd day stomach, duodenum, and adrenal glands were macroscopically examined for lesions (duodenal ulceration, gastrointestinal bleeding, adrenal hemorrhage). Our results showed a dose-dependent effect of SMS 201-995 on the mortality, incidence, and intensity of cysteamine-induced duodenal lesions in rats. The incidence and the intensity of gastrointestinal bleeding and adrenal hemorrhage were also dose-dependently reduced by SMS 201-995. There was no definite effect of 008 on the mortality, incidence, or intensity of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulceration.
The magic wand (2003)

We want to present a multimodal user interface for interaction with the virtual environment back-projected on the large projection screen. We use the interaction metaphor of a "spell-casting" wizard (the user) using a "magic wand" to interact with the VR environment and to complete some tasks. Our contribution is an user interface, which tries to take advantage of the past experience of the user such as fairy-tales or fantasy movies.
Internet of Things (IoT) communication protocols: Review (2017)

Internet of Things (IoT) consists of smart devices that communicate with each other. It enables these devices to collect and exchange data. Besides, IoT has now a wide range of life applications such as industry, transportation, logistics, healthcare, smart environment, as well as personal, social gaming robot, and city information. Smart devices can have wired or wireless connection. As far as the wireless IoT is the main concern, many different wireless communication technologies and protocols can be used to connect the smart device such as Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN), ZigBee, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Z-Wave and Near Field Communication (NFC). They are short range standard network protocols, while SigFox and Cellular are Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN).standard protocols. This paper will be an attempt to review different communication protocols in IoT. In addition, it will compare between commonly IoT communication protocols, with an emphasis on the main features and behaviors of various metrics of power consumption security spreading data rate, and other features. This comparison aims at presenting guidelines for the researchers to be able to select the right protocol for different applications.
A rare example of a porous Ca-MOF for the controlled release of biologically active NO (2013)

A 1D-microporous 3D calcium tetracarboxylate MOF has been solvothermally prepared and its structure solved from single crystal data. It exhibits coordinatively unsaturated Ca(2+) Lewis acid sites able to trap and deliver nitric oxide at a biological level.
Online Hydraulic State Prediction for Water Distribution Systems (2009)

This paper describes and demonstrates a method for on-line hydraulic state prediction in urban water networks. The proposed method uses a Predictor-Corrector (PC) approach in which a statistical data-driven algorithm is applied to estimate future water demands, while near real-time field measurements are used to correct (i.e., calibrate) these predicted values on-line. The calibration problem is solved using a modified Least Squares (LS) fit method. The objective function is the minimization of the least-squares of the differences between predicted and measured hydraulic parameters (i.e., pressure and flow rates at several system locations), with the decision variables being the consumers' water demands. The a-priori estimation (i.e., prediction) of the values of the decision variables, which improves through experience, facilitates a better convergence of the calibration model and provides adequate information on the system's hydraulic state for real time optimization. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on a prototypical municipal water distribution system.
Time reversal duality between linear networks (1996)

In time reversal duality, pairs of networks have corresponding waveforms that are time reversed versions of each other. The relation linking a pair of generalized, nonlinear, time varying dynamical systems is derived. It is then applied to time invariant linear networks. Four types of time reversal circuit duality are possible, and in two of these the direction of energy flow is reversed.
Unsupervised Beamforming Based on Multichannel Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Noisy Speech Recognition (2018)

This paper presents unsupervised multichannel speech enhancement for noisy speech recognition. Time-frequency (TF) mask estimation has actively been studied for estimating the steering vectors and spatial covariance matrices of speech and noise used for beamforming. The state-of-the-art approach to mask estimation is to use deep neural networks (DNN s) for classifying the TF bins of observed signals into speech and noise. Such a supervised approach, however, does not work well in an unknown environment. To accurately estimate the spatial covariance matrices in an unsupervised manner, we perform blind source separation (BSS) based on multichannel nonnegative matrix factorization (MNMF) for decomposing each TF bin into the components of speech and the other sources (noise). To clarify a suitable type of beamforming for MNMF, we tested both time- invariant and time-varying versions of the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamforming in addition to standard multichannel Wiener filtering (MWF). The experimental results showed that our MNMF-based beamforming approach outperformed the state-of-the-art DNN-based beamforming method in unknown environments that do not match the training data.
Cycloamylose as an e⁄cient arti¢cial chaperone for protein refolding (2000)

High molecular weight cyclic K K-1,4-glucan (referred to as cycloamylose) exhibited an artificial chaperone property toward three enzymes in different categories. The inclusion properties of cycloamylose effectively accommodated detergents, which keep the chemically denatured enzymes from aggregation, and promoted proper protein folding. Chemically denatured citrate synthase was refolded and completely recovered it's enzymatic activity after dilution with polyoxyethylenesorbitan buffer followed by cycloamylose treatment. The refolding was completed within 2 h, and the activity of the refolded citrate synthase was quite stable. Cycloamylose also promoted the refolding of denatured carbonic anhydrase B and denatured lysozyme of a reduced form. fl 2000 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Quinazolines and 1,4-Benzodiazepines. V. o-Aminobenzophenones<sup>1a,b</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinazolines and 1,4-Benzodiazepines. V. o-Aminobenzophenones1a,bL. H. Sternbach, R. Ian Fryer, W. Metlesics, G. Sach, and A. StempelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 11, 3781–3788Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01058a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01058a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1219Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robust detection and tracking of human faces with an active camera (2002)

We present an efficient framework for the detection and tracking of human faces with an active camera. The Bhattacharyya coefficient is employed as a similarity measure between the color distribution of the face model and face candidates. The proper derivation of these distributions allows the use of the spatial gradient of the Bhattacharyya coefficient to guide a fast search for the best face candidate. The optimization, which is based on mean shift analysis, requires only a few iterations to converge. Scale changes of the tracked face are handled by exploiting the scale invariance of the similarity measure and the luminance gradient computed on the border of the hypothesized face region. The detection and tracking modules are almost-identical, the difference being that the detection involves mean shift optimization with multiple initializations. Our dual-mode implementation of the camera controller determines the pan, tilt, and zoom camera to switch between smooth pursuit and saccadic movements, as a function of the target presence in the fovea region. The resulting system runs in real-time on a standard PC, being robust to partial occlusion, clutter, face scale variations, rotations in depth, and fast-changes in subject/camera position.
Endohedral Fullerenes (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTEndohedral FullerenesAlexey A. Popov*†, Shangfeng Yang*‡, and Lothar Dunsch*†View Author Information† Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany‡ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China*E-mail: [email protected] (L.D.); [email protected] (A.A.P.); [email protected] (S.Y.).Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 8, 5989–6113Publication Date (Web):May 2, 2013Publication History Received24 July 2012Published online2 May 2013Published inissue 14 August 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr300297rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr300297rreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views17404Altmetric-Citations1089LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbon,Carbon nanomaterials,Metals,Molecular structure,Nanospheres Get e-Alerts
Speech technology and computing: a unique partnership (1992)

Emerging capabilities in voice processing, such as low-bit-rate coding, wideband signals, perceptual weighting, recognition and synthesis, and talker verification, are discussed. Opportunities for their integration with image and tactile information features are described. After a brief look at the history of speech technology, the present state of speech technology and the opportunities expected to emerge in the next few years are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE USE OF A SOLUTION OF TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT GLUCOSE AND FIVE PER CENT ALCOHOL IN PARENTERAL NUTRITION (1952)

FROM THE SURGICAL SERVICE, VETERANS ADMINISTRATION CENTER HOSPITAL, LOS ANGELES, AND THE DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
FILU-200 DSP coprocessor IP core (2003)

Massana's FILU-200 DSP coprocessor IP core enables fast development of DSP in embedded applications. The FILU-200's library of pre-programmed DSP functions are accessed via C function calls from a host RISC processor. The FILU-200 matches high-end DSPs for MIPS capability at a fraction of the silicon cost. The dual MAC architecture with dual ALU, and dual barrel shifter is tailored for highest DSP performance in small silicon area. The FILU-200 is particularly suited to fast complex number arithmetic yielding a radix-4 FFT butterfly in 8 cycles, i.e. 1024-point complex FFT in 103 /spl mu/s. Near floating point precision is supplied by block floating point arithmetic combined with a 20-bit internal data path. Optimized building block DSP functions, including FFT, IFFT, FIR filters, IIR filters and matrix operations, are microcoded in ROM and are supplied with the FILU-200. The small silicon area of the FILU-200, 30 K gates, enables its adoption in cost sensitive applications. Typical applications include soft modems, G.Lite, DAB, VoIP and audio.
Influence of feeding artificial-formula milks containing docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids on the postnatal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status of healthy preterm infants (1996)

In view of the importance of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP) for growth and development of fetal and infant neural tissue, the influence of the dietary n-3 and n-6 LCP intake on the LCP status of forty-three preterm infants (birth weight < 1800 g) was studied. Thirty-one formula-fed infants were randomly assigned to receive a conventional formula lacking LCP (n 16), or an 22:6n-3- and 20:4n-6-enriched formula (n 15); twelve infants received their own mother's breast milk. Fatty acid compositions of plasma and erythrocyte (RBC) phospholipids (PL) were determined in umbilical venous blood, in weekly postnatal samples until day 35 of life and, for the formula-fed infants, at 3 months of corrected age. Both in plasma (P < 0.001) and RBC (P < 0.01) PL, the changes with time until day 35 for 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 in the two groups of formula-fed infants were significantly different, with higher values, comparable with those of human-milk-fed infants, in the LCP-enriched-formula group. At 3 months of corrected age, differences between the two formula-fed groups were even more pronounced. In conclusion, adding 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 to artificial formulas in balanced ratios and in amounts similar to those found in preterm human milk raises both the 22:6n-3 and the 20:4n-6 status of formulated preterm infants to values found for human-milk-fed preterm infants. Additional studies are necessary to evaluate the potentially favourable effects of this combined addition on the neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants.
APOPTOSIS AND ALLOGRAFT REJECTION IN THE ABSENCE OF CD8+ T CELLS1 (2001)

These data indicate that in the absence of CD8+ T cells an alternative pathway, associated with granzyme B and FasL expression and activation of the caspase cascade, can mediate apoptosis and graft rejection.
Flow characteristics in a canine aneurysm model: A comparison of 4D accelerated phase‐contrast MR measurements and computational fluid dynamics simulations (2011)

In two experimental canine aneurysms, PC-MRA and image-based CFD showed favorable agreement in intra-aneurismal velocity fields. Combining these two complementary techniques likely will further improve the ability to characterize and interpret the complex flow that occurs in human intracranial aneurysms.
Melanin, a unique biological absorber (1981)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. L. Wolbarsht, A. W. Walsh, and G. George, "Melanin, a unique biological absorber," Appl. Opt. 20, 2184-2186 (1981) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Purification of the mRNAs for Ewe α<sub>s</sub>‐Casein and β‐Casein by Immunoprecipitation of Polysomes (1976)

Specific polysomes synthesizing alphas-casein and beta-casein were immunoprecipitated from total polysomes of the lactating ewe mammary gland. The polysome - anti-casein complex was immunoprecipitated by anti-immunoglobulins. 22%, 32% and 10% of polysomes were immunoprecipitated with saturating amounts of anti-alphas-casein, anti-beta-casein and anti-chi-casein respectively. Poly(U)-Sepharose chromatography of the immunoprecipitated RNAs permitted the isolation of the corresponding poly(A)-containing RNA which migrated as one major band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. As judged by the contamination with the messenger activity for one of the other caseins, the purity of the mRNA for alphas-casein as well as for beta-casein was estimated to be between 75% and 80%.
PARADOXICAL ROLES OF PARP‐1 IN COLON INFLAMMATION AND TUMORIGENESIS (2015)

Important causes of colon cancer in humans are chronic colon inflammation and the accumulation of mutations. PARP‐1 is involved in genomic stability and inflammatory processes, which are anti‐ and pro‐cancer phenomenon, respectively. We investigated these opposing roles of PARP‐1 in colon carcinogenesis using different models of the disease. Our results show that partial PARP‐1 inhibition by gene heterozygosity conferred a significant protection against Apc Min ‐driven intestinal tumor burden. Surprisingly, complete PARP‐1 gene knockout not only did not protect against Apc Min ‐driven intestinal tumorigenesis, it actually increased the tumor burden in mice. Inhibition of PARP by a low dose (5mg/kg) of olaparib (an inhibitor used in clinical trials) reduced moderately (although not statistically significant) the tumor burden; however, a higher dose (25 mg/kg) aggravated the tumor burden in Apc Min mice. These opposing outcomes occurred despite the anti‐inflammatory effects provided by either genetic or pharmacological PARP inhibition (assessed by ICAM, INOS, and TNF levels). Interestingly, in the carcinogen/inflammation model, both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of PARP reduced tumor burden in treated mice. In the xenograft model, PARP‐1 gene knockout reduced the size of MCA‐38‐generated tumors demonstrating, potentially, a role for PARP‐1 in the host response to tumor development. Our results demonstrate a complexity in the role of PARP‐1 in colon tumorigenesis and that its paradoxical role in such process should be carefully considered prior to using its inhibition as a therapeutic strategy against colon cancer Funds: ACS and NIH