gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and functional properties of <i>ras</i> proteins (1989)

The ras proteins belong to a family of related polypeptides that are present in all eukaryotic organisms from yeast to human. Their extraordinary evolutionary conservation suggests that they have essential cellular functions, although their exact role remains unknown. Mutations in specific amino acids and overexpression of normal proteins have been linked to altered proliferation and/or differentiation and, particularly, to neoplastic processes. Mature ras proteins are located on the inner side of the plasma membrane, and their biochemical properties include binding and exchange of guanine nucleotides and GTPase activity. The favored hypothesis for ras function is that these proteins exist in an equilibrium between an inactive conformation (p21.GDP) and an active conformation (p21. GTP) in which they are able to interact with their as yet unknown cellular target or targets. Similarities in cellular location, structure, and biochemistry with other known regulatory (G) proteins suggest that they play a role in transduction of signals from the cell surface. The elucidation of the crystal structure of normal and transforming ras proteins and the identification of cellular proteins that interact directly with them (GAP, CDC25) or suppress some of their biological effects (Krev-1) have opened new avenues in the search for their elusive cellular targets and in the elucidation of the functional role of ras gene products.
NMR characteristics of “visible” intracellular myocardial potassium in perfused rat hearts (1989)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides a unique view of ions through its noninvasive character and relaxation time measurements. Several previous studies have demonstrated that only approximately 20% of cardiac intracellular potassium is visible with current NMR techniques. This study investigates the NMR visible intracellular potassium in a perfused rat heart preparation. When shift reagents were used to separate the intra- and extracellular signals, an intracellular T1 of 11.8 +/- 0.6 ms, and an intracellular T2 with two time constants of 1.3 +/- 0.6 ms (33 +/- 8%) and 10.1 +/- 1.9 ms (67 +/- 4%) were measured. Curve stripping techniques used to separate the intra- and extracellular components of a bulk relaxation decay yielded an intracellular T1 of 8.4 +/- 0.3 ms and an intracellular T2 with two time constants of 1.1 +/- 0.6 ms (38 +/- 10%) and 8.0 +/- 1.6 ms (62 +/- 12%). These results demonstrate that there are at least two distinct pools of potassium within the cardiac cell in slow exchange with each other on the NMR time scale. Studies with an enriched 41K perfusate demonstrated that the exchange rate for the visible intra- and extracellular potassium is on the order of 15 min.
A visibility graph based method for path planning in dynamic environments (2011)

Computational geometry is very important for solving motion planning problems. Visibility graphs are very useful in determining the shortest path. In this work, a modified Asano's algorithm is implemented for determining the visibility polygons and visibility graphs. Implementation is done using the CGAL library. Although the principle for determining visibility graphs is rather simple, the procedure is very time and space consuming and the goal is to achieve lower algorithm complexity. The algorithm consists of two steps: first, angular sorting of points is done using the dual transformation, and second, visibility between the points is determined. Testing of the algorithm is done on two polygonal test sets. The first is made of squares, uniformly and densely distributed. The second is made of triangles, randomly and sparsely distributed. Results show a cubical complexity of the algorithm, depending on the number of reflex points. The main advantage of this method is that it can be applied in dynamical environments (environments that change in time). It is not required to perform the calculation for all points on the map. Instead, the graph can be refreshed locally so it is very practical for online use.
Microwave and millimeter-wave power generation in silicon carbide avalanche devices (1988)

Silicon carbide (SiC), due to its thermal and electronic properties, has long been considered an excellent device material for microwave and millimeter-wave power generation. Numerical simulations were performed to study the typical power generating capabilities of SiC impact avalanche transit-time (IMPATT) diodes utilizing the recent experimental data available. Operating characteristics of double-drift IMPATT devices at 10, 35, 60 and 94 GHz are compared. Both pulsed mode and continuous-wave (cw) mode operation are studied. Finally, a comparison among SiC, Si, and GaAs double-drift IMPATT devices is made at various frequencies. It is shown that, for the pulsed mode of operation, SiC double-drift IMPATT devices can produce significantly higher powers than Si and GaAs devices at comparable frequencies. In the cw mode of operation, SiC devices can produce significantly more power than GaAs devices at all frequencies. However, a comparison at 94 GHz indicates that SiC IMPATT diodes in the cw mode of operation produce power levels comparable to Si IMPATT devices. At lower frequencies the performance of SiC diodes operating in the cw mode is expected to be better than the performance of Si devices due to the better thermal conductivity of SiC.
Natural Scene Facial Expression Recognition based on Differential Features (2019)

As an external manifestation of human emotions, expression recognition plays an important role in human-computer interaction. Although existing expression recognition methods work perfect on constrained frontal faces, there are still many challenges in expression recognition in natural scenes due to different unrestricted conditions. Face recognition in natural scenes is a problem that the intra-class gap is larger than the inter-class gap. In order to solve this problem, we propose a method of generating a reference expression using GAN and comparing it with the original expression to generate differential features, so as to avoid interference of irrelevant information on expression recognition. Besides, we have specifically optimized the GAN network that generates reference expressions to make the generated reference expression more natural. We used Resnet50-V2 pre-trained on ImageNet to better present the differential features of the original expression and the reference expression. After testing on the two datasets, our model achieves higher accuracy than other models.
A refractive index-matched facility for fluid–structure interaction studies of pulsatile and oscillating flow in elastic vessels of adjustable compliance (2009)

The flow field in the respiratory and vascular system is known to be influenced by the flexibility of the walls. However, up to now, most of the experimental biofluidic investigations have been performed in rigid models due to the complexity and necessity of optical access. In this paper, a facility and measurement techniques for studying oscillating and pulsatile flow in elastic vessels will be described. The investigated vessel models have been adapted such that fluid-mechanical and structure-mechanical characteristics represent realistic blood flows in medium blood vessels. That is, characteristic parameters, i.e., the Reynolds and Womersley number, as well as mechanical properties of the flexible wall, i.e., the Young’s modulus and the material compliance, have been chosen to reasonably represent realistic flow conditions. First, a method to manufacture elastic models, which mimic the structure-mechanical properties of vascular vessels is described. The models possess a tunable compliance and are made of transparent polydimethylsiloxane. Second, the experimental setup of the flow facility will be elucidated. The flow facility allows to mimic pulsatile flow at physiologically relevant Reynolds and Womersley numbers. The precise form of the flow cycle can individually be controlled. Water/glycerine is used as flow medium for refractive index matching particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The PIV recordings not only allow to assess the mean cross-sectional flow field but also further enable to simultaneously detect the movement of the flexible wall. Additionally, the local wall-shear stress can be obtained from the single-pixel line resolved near-wall flow field. To confirm the flow conditions of the oscillatory laminar flow inside the flow facility and to evaluate the ability to assess the flow field, measurements in a straight, uniform diameter, rigid Plexiglas pipe under identical conditions to those of the oscillating flow in the flexible vessel have been performed. The measurements of oscillating flow in the rigid pipe corroborate the experimentally obtained flow field and the wall-shear stress to well confirm Womersley’s analytical solution and thereby evidence the quality of the flow facility and of the measurement techniques. To further study the detectability of the vessel deformation, oscillating flow at Reynolds numbers based on the non-dilated vessel diameter D and peak velocities Re D ranging from 1,000 to 1,750 and at Womersley numbers α ranging from 5 to 17.5 has been investigated in an elastic vessel.
A Comparison of Thin-Client Computing Architectures (2000)

Thin-client computing offers the promise of easier-to-maintain computational services with reduced total cost of ownership. The recent and growing popularity of thin-client systems makes it important to develop techniques for analyzing and comparing their performance, to assess the general feasibility of the thin-client computing model, and to determine the factors that govern the performance of these architectures. To assess the viability of the thin-client computing model, we measured the performance of five popular thin-client platforms running over a wide range of network access bandwidths. Our results show that current thin-client solutions generally work well in a LAN environment, but their performance degrades significantly when they are used in today's broadband environments. We also find that the efficiency of the thin-client protocols varies widely. In some cases, the efficiency of the thin client protocol for web applications is within a factor of two of standard web protocols, while others are 30 times more inefficient. We analyze the differences in the various approaches and explain the impact of the underlying remote display protocols on overall performance.
New Protein Sequenator with Increased Sensitivity (1980)

New developments in automated amino acid sequence analysis permit a 10 4 -fold increase in sensitivity (to ∼ 10-picomole level) over that initially described by Per Edman in 1967.
Aromatase mRNA in the extragonadal tissues of chickens with the henny-feathering trait is derived from a distinctive promoter structure that contains a segment of a retroviral long terminal repeat. Functional organization of the Sebright, Leghorn, and Campine aromatase genes. (1991)

The henny-feathering trait is an autosomal dominant mutation that causes the expression of aromatase activity and accumulation of aromatase mRNA in extragonadal tissues of chickens. The current studies establish that the aromatase gene is not amplified and is organized similarly in control (Leghorn) and henny-feathered (Sebright and Campine) birds. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the nine coding exons of the aromatase gene reveals that the predicted amino acid sequence is identical in all three strains. We, therefore, characterized the genomic DNA segments flanking the coding segment of the Sebright, Leghorn, and Campine aromatase genes. The site of transcription initiation utilized in the ovary of all three strains is located approximately 147 nucleotides upstream of the initiator methionine. In addition to aromatase mRNA derived from this common ovarian promoter, another species of aromatase mRNA is present in Sebright and Campine ovary and is the only type detected in Sebright fibroblasts. cDNA copies of this second species of aromatase mRNA contain a unique 5' terminus, suggesting that a second promoter controls extragonadal aromatase expression in birds that carry the henny-feathering trait. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this 5' terminus indicates that this segment is derived from a retroviral long terminal repeat.
Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (2004)

Communications can be broadly defined as the transfer of information from one point to another. In optical fibre communications, this transfer is achieved by using light as the information carrier. There has been an exponential growth in the deployment and capacity of optical fibre communication technologies and networks over the past twenty-five years. This growth has been made possible by the development of new optoelectronic technologies that can be utilised to exploit the enormous potential bandwidth of optical fibre. Today, systems are operational which operate at aggregate bit rates in excess of 100 Gb/s. Such high capacity systems exploit the optical fibre bandwidth by employing wavelength division multiplexing. Optical technology is the dominant carrier of global information. It is also central to the realisation of future networks that will have the capabilities demanded by society. These capabilities include virtually unlimited bandwidth to carry communication services of almost any kind, and full transparency that allows terminal upgrades in capacity and flexible routing of channels. Many of the advances in optical networks have been made possible by the advent of the optical amplifier
Preparation of UV‐curable emulsions using PEG‐modified urethane acrylates: The effect of nonionic and anionic groups (1996)

To prepare self-emulsificable urethane acrylate resin, PEG-modified urethane acrylates (PMUA), containing polyoxyethylene chains as a terminal hydrophilic group and urethane acrylate anionomers (UAA) incorporated dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) as a pendant hydrophilic one were synthesized. For PMUA emulsions, the reaction molar ratio of PEG to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) significantly influenced the viscosity and droplet size of the emulsion and tensile strength of cured films. These emulsions were stable to pH change and the addition of electrolyte, but coagulated around 60°C. In the case of UAA, emulsions, however, were very stable to elevated temperatures and coagulated in adding even a little bit of electrolyte. For soap-free emulsions of the mixture of PMUA and UAA, emulsion stabilities of these mixtures against temperature, pH change, the addition of electrolyte, and the rate of shear and freeze–thaw increased synergetically. Additionally, the tensile strength of cured films was also improved. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Temperature-dependent standard deviation of log(failure time) distributions (1991)

The distributions of failure times at accelerated life-test temperatures are often analyzed assuming a constant- sigma model, where sigma is the standard deviation of log(failure times). Recent experimental and theoretical studies of laser degradation, time-dependent dielectric breakdown, and electromigration suggest that sigma is temperature-dependent. The author derives a general relationship for temperature-dependent sigma from the Arrhenius relation. The relationship is used to analyze published electromigration data. The analysis suggests that the correlation coefficient between the activation energy and log(pre-exponential factor in the Arrhenius relation) close to -1. An example illustrates the use of the relationship to validate the electromigration design rule of a hypothetical microcircuit technology. The author argues that assuming a constant sigma could result in an invalid design rule.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phase II studies with carboplatin in non-small cell lung cancer. (1990)

Since 1987, we have evaluated carboplatin alone or in combination with etoposide in two separate phase II trials of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had not received prior chemotherapy. Single-agent carboplatin produced a 20% response rate in 51 patients treated with 390 mg/m2 intravenously every 4 weeks. A 3-day schedule of etoposide 140 mg/m2 on days 2, 3, and 4, and carboplatin 150 mg/m2 on days 1 and 5 also resulted in a 26.7% response rate in 46 patients. Myelosuppressive toxicity associated with carboplatin/etoposide was substantially greater than that seen with carboplatin alone. Carboplatin as a single agent is active in previously untreated patients with advanced NSCLC. The two-drug combination of carboplatin and etoposide also shows activity in NSCLC similar to other combination chemotherapeutic regimens based on comparable prognostic factors in untreated patients. Further evaluation of carboplatin as part of combination chemotherapy in NSCLC is warranted.
Hypocaloric diet supplemented with probiotic cheese improves body mass index and blood pressure indices of obese hypertensive patients - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study (2013)

In a pilot study of obese hypertensive patients, a hypocaloric diet supplemented with a probiotic cheese helps to reduce BMI and arterial BP values, recognized symptoms of metabolic syndrome.
Degradation of cholesterol in hen's egg yolk and its low density lipoprotein by extracellular enzymes of Rhodococcus equi No. 23 (1988)

La degradation enzymatique du cholesterol du jaune d'oeuf conduit a un derive non steroide. L'etude porte egalement sur la degradation du cholesterol lie aux lipoproteines a faible densite (qui fixent la majeure partie du cholesterol present dans le jaune d'oeuf)
A new custom-made IC for monitors (2003)

The system evolution in the monitor field leads to the development of suitable ICs with performances and characteristics which are mainly monitor oriented rather than TV oriented. The automatic frequency raster preset of the monitors in computerised and optical equipment leads to the adoption of digital to analog converters in order to set the different parameters, and consequently all the regulations must be DC compatible. High scanning frequency and low jitter are additional factors that characterize the quality and the resolution of the monitors. New circuit solutions on silicon, concerning the monitor field, are described. In a single IC, the use of TTL compatible synchro pulses, horizontal and vertical processing functions and vertical ramp generation are implemented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isoelectric Focusing in pH Gradients — A Technique for Fractionation and Characterization of Ampholytes (1971)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction History The Natural pH-Gradient Stabilization Against Convection Density Gradient Electrofocusing Supplementary Instructions for Sucrose Density Electrofocusing Gel Electrofocusing Zone Convection Electrofocusing Conclusions
New Sesquiterpenoids from Clary Sage Oil (<i>Salvia sclarea</i> L.) (1983)

Abstract Six sesquiterpenoids, ( R , 5 E )‐2, 12‐epoxycaryophyll‐5‐ene (1) , (2 R , 5 E )‐caryophyll‐5‐en‐12‐al (2) , (2 S , 5 E )‐caryophyll‐5‐en‐12‐al (3) , isospathulenol (4) , (1 R , 5 R )‐ 1,5‐epoxysalvial‐4(14)‐ene (5) , and salvial‐4(14)‐en‐l‐one (6) have been identified for the first time in clary sage oil ( Salvia sclarea L.). The structures and absolute configurations of 1–6 are corroborated by partial syntheses and their organoleptic properties are discussed. The compounds 5, 6 and mintsulfide (14) possess the rare C‐skeleton C , for which the semisystematic name ‘salvialane’ is proposed. The sesquiterpenoids 1–5 are new.
Thickness dependence of the electrical characteristics of chemical vapor deposited diamond films (1994)

The electrical characteristics of chemically vapor deposited (CVD) diamond films were measured as a function of film thickness. The samples studied were polycrystalline with the average grain size increasing from approximately 1 μm on the substrate side to approximately 30 μm on the growth surface for the thickest sample. Using time-resolved transient photoconductivity and charged-particle induced conductivity, the collection distance (d) that a free carrier drifts under the influence of an applied electric field was measured. Our data indicate that there is a gradient in the collection distance through the material. This gradient in electrical properties has implications for electronic uses of CVD diamond.
ChemInform Abstract: SOL‐GEL DERIVED ELECTROCHROMIC LAYERS (1985)

Abstract Elektrochrome Schichten von amorphem WO 3 lassen sich auch aus kolloidalen Wolframsäurelösungen abscheiden.
Force-directed scheduling in automatic data path synthesis (1987)

The HAL system performs data path synthesis using a new scheduling algorithm that is part of an interdependent scheduling and allocation scheme. This scheme uses an estimate of the hardware allocation to guide and optimize the scheduling subtask. The allocation information includes the number, type, speed and cost of hardware modules as well as the associated multiplexer and interconnect costs.
Mobile services for truck drivers (2002)

The thesis has been done at Volvo Technology Corp in Gothenburg and the goal was to discover interesting truck driver services that can be used in the truck driver profession. The services should be executed on a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), related to the work done by the drivers when they are outside of the truck. A lot of theories have been used as a base for our study. All work has been carried out in correspondence with methods for the following areas; literature studies, field studies, analysis of problem areas, and design, implementation, and test of a software prototype on a PDA. When all literature studies, own conducted field studies, and some part of the analysis phase were completed, we had come up with a large number of ideas. All ideas were further analysed and of them were five services selected. These services are named: Load Indicator, Consignment Note, Drivers Manual, Friend Finder, Keyless entry and Alarm. Load Indicator is a service that helps the driver to keep track that the maximum cargo weight for the truck is not exceeded. Our Consignment Note, involves all handling of the notes in a digital form, i.e. no paper is needed. Drivers Manual is the digital version of the manual shown on the PDA. Friend Finder is a service that keeps track of a driver’s colleagues and friends. Keyless entry includes services that handle automatic locking/unlocking of the truck door and automatic handling of the trucks spot and load lights. Finally, if the burglary attempt is made on the truck and an alarm is raised this alarm will also be shown on the PDA in the Alarm service. In the design of the above services, the end-users were in focus. The end-users are truck drivers usually not that familiar with computers (especially PDAs). Their work is also conducted, to a large extent, outside of the truck. Thus, our design is characterized with “usability” for that particular end-user group, with for example the use of large designed “Buttons” and the use of keystrokes on the PDA