gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two distinct activity patterns of fast-spiking interneurons during neocortical UP states (2008)

During sleep, neocortical neuronal networks oscillate slowly (<1 Hz) between periods of activity (UP states) and silence (DOWN states). UP states favor the interaction between thalamic-generated spindles (7-14 Hz) and cortically generated gamma (30-80 Hz) waves. We studied how these three nested oscillations modulate fast-spiking interneuron (FSi) activity in vivo in VGAT-Venus transgenic rats. Our data describe a population of FSi that discharge "early" within UP states and another population that discharge "late." Early FSi tended to be silent during epochs of desynchronization, whereas late FSi were active. We hypothesize that late FSi may be responsible for generating the gamma oscillations associated with cognitive processing during wakefulness. Remarkably, FSi populations were differently modulated by spindle and gamma rhythms. Early FSi were robustly coupled to spindles and always discharged earlier than late FSi within spindle and gamma cycles. The preferred firing phase during spindle and gamma waves was strongly correlated in each cell, suggesting a cross-frequency coupling between oscillations. Our results suggest a precise spatiotemporal pattern of FSi activity during UP states, whereby information rapidly flows between early and late cells, initially promoted by spindles and efficiently extended by local gamma oscillations.
Google Power Tools Bible (2007)

A guide to Google's Tools cover Google Earth, Google News, Google Scholar, Google Base, Google "Office", Gmail, Calendar, and Google Pack.
Morphogenesis and Fine Structure of <i>Leucothrix mucor</i> and Effects of Calcium Deficiency (1970)

Phenotypic expressions of morphogenesis and fine structure of Leucothrix mucor were determined when the organism was grown with and without added CaCl(2) in a synthetic seawater medium. Evidence is presented to show that a bulb can form in the absence of a knot formation and that a bulb may give rise to a "germ-tube." In comparison with normal cells, which show transverse septa at right angles to the axis in dividing cells, the bulbs exhibited transverse septa at odd angles, which may explain the mechanism of bulb formation. The most striking morphological feature due to Ca(++) deficiency was the absence of rosettes; instead, the culture showed an extremely filamentous morphology and a peculiar cord formation. Also, the Ca(++)-deficient cells contained heavily stained intracytoplasmic granules which possibly represent tight packing of the smaller particles of ribonucleoprotein. Various bulbous forms observed in the Ca(++)-deficient culture showed more pronounced elaboration of mesosomes as intracytoplasmic structures than those seen in the complete medium.
Programming Language Features for Web Application Development (2009)

Web programming remains difficult, even with cutting-edge libraries, because the execution model of the web environment is essentially different from the classic models. Unlike a batch program which sits between input and output streams, a web program sits between user activity in the browser and serverside resources such as a database. Furthermore the use of URLs as durable entry points to an application makes the environment fundamentally concurrent and re-entrant, a challenge and opportunity for supporting web programmers. This thesis makes four principal contributions to the technology for expressing web applications. First, it describes the features of Links, a new programming language with a unified model of the web environment, encompassing client and server. Among other things, the Links compiler can slice the program, generating JavaScript to run on the client and other code to run on the server, so that they interact transparently. To allow programmers to control the location of code, Links offers syntactic client and server annotations. The second contribution is a formal semantics of these client/server annotations, in the form of an
An optically pumped 2.5 <i>μ</i>m GeSn laser on Si operating at 110 K (2016)

This paper reports the demonstration of optically pumped GeSn edge-emitting lasers grown on Si substrates. The whole device structures were grown by an industry standard chemical vapor deposition reactor using the low cost commercially available precursors SnCl4 and GeH4 in a single run epitaxy process. Temperature-dependent characteristics of laser-output versus pumping-laser-input showed lasing operation up to 110 K. The 10 K lasing threshold and wavelength were measured as 68 kW/cm2 and 2476 nm, respectively. Lasing characteristic temperature (T0) was extracted as 65 K.
Sulfur-free parathyroid hormone analogs containing D-amino acids: biological properties in vitro and in vivo (1981)

Three sulfur-free analogues of bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH) containing D-amino acids were synthesized by the solid-phase method and their biological properties compared in an in vitro bioassay (rat renal adenylate cyclase assay), a receptor assay for parathyroid hormone (PTH) (canine renal membranes), and an in vivo bioassay (chick hypercalcemia assay). The analogue [Nle8,Nle18,D-Tyr34]-bPTH-(1-34)-amide, which was found to be more than 4 times as potent in vitro as unsubstituted PTH, is the most potent analogue of PTH yet synthesized. The enhanced potency was largely attributable to increased affinity for the PTH receptor. In vivo, however, this analogue was only one-third as potent as bPTH-(1-34). Cumulative evidence suggests that the nearly 15-fold decline in the relative potency when the compound was assayed in vivo is due to the substitution of norleucine for methionine. The other analogues, [D-Val2,Nle8,D-Tyr34]bPTH-(1-34)-amide and [D-Val2,Nle8,Nle18,D=Tyr34]bPTH-(2-34)-amide, were only weakly active in vitro and in vivo, indicating that substitution with D-amino acids at the NH2 terminus of PTH causes markedly diminished receptor affinity. In fact, the placement of a D-amino acid at the NH2 terminus is more deleterious to biological activity than is omission of amino acids at positions 1 and 2.
Dementia Prevention: Methodological Explanations for Inconsistent Results (2008)

The prevention of neurodegenerative dementias, such as Alzheimer disease, is a growing public health concern, because of a lack of effective curative treatment options and a rising global prevalence. Various potential risk or preventive factors have been suggested by epidemiologic research, including modifiable lifestyle factors, such as social contacts, leisure activities, physical exercise, and diet, as well as some preventive pharmacologic strategies, such as hormone replacement therapy, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and Ginkgo biloba. Some factors have been targeted by interventions tested in randomized controlled trials, but many of the results are in conflict with observational evidence. The aim of this paper is to review the epidemiologic data linking potential protective factors to dementia or cognitive decline and to discuss the methodological limitations that could explain conflicting results. A thorough review of the literature suggests that, even if there are consistent findings from large observational studies regarding preventive or risk factors for dementia, few randomized controlled trials have been designed specifically to prove the protective effects of interventions based on such factors on dementia incidence. Because of the multifactorial origin of dementia, it appears that multidomain interventions could be a suitable candidate for preventive interventions, but designing such trials remains very challenging for researchers.
The tail-anchoring domain of Bfl1 and HCCS1 targets mitochondrial membrane permeability to induce apoptosis (2007)

Many Bcl2 family proteins target intracellular membranes by their C-terminal tail-anchor domain. Bfl1 is a bi-functional Bcl2 family protein with both anti- and pro-apoptotic activities and contains an amphipathic tail-anchoring peptide (ATAP; residues 147-175) with unique properties. Here we show that ATAP targets specifically to mitochondria, and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis that does not require Bax or Bak. Mutagenesis studies revealed that lysine residues flanking the ATAP sequence are involved in targeting of the peptide to the mitochondrial membrane, and charged residues that contribute to the amphipathic nature of ATAP are critical for its pro-apoptotic function. The ATAP sequence is present in another tumor suppressor gene, HCCS1, which contains an additional mitochondria-targeting signal (MTS) close to the ATAP. We propose that both ATAP and MTS could be used as therapeutic peptides to induce cell death in the treatment of cancer cells.
Correlation between observed crystalline self-assembly of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon amphiphiles at the air-water interface and calculated lattice energy. Determination of electrostatic properties of the CF2 group from a low-temperature x-ray diffraction study of perfluoroglutaramide (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrelation between observed crystalline self-assembly of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon amphiphiles at the air-water interface and calculated lattice energy. Determination of electrostatic properties of the CF2 group from a low-temperature x-ray diffraction study of perfluoroglutaramideDidier Jacquemain, Sharon Grayer Wolf, Franck Leveiller, Felix Frolow, Miriam Eisenstein, Meir Lahav, and Leslie LeiserowitzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 25, 9983–9989Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00051a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00051a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reduced accumulation of drug in Candida krusei accounts for itraconazole resistance (1996)

Due to intrinsic resistance Candida krusei is emerging as a systemic pathogen in AIDS patients undergoing fluconazole therapy, but acquired resistance to itraconazole has not been studied biochemically. We report here studies on the basis for azole resistance and sterol composition in C. krusei. An itraconazole-resistant isolate showed reduced susceptibility to azole drugs in in vitro growth inhibition studies. Accumulation of 14 alpha-methyl-3,6-diol under azole treatment was associated with growth arrest. In vitro ergosterol biosynthesis and type II binding studies suggested no alteration in the affinity to azole drugs of the target enzyme, the cytochrome P-450 sterol 14 alpha-demethylase, in the resistant isolate. Resistance was associated with a decreased intracellular content of drug in the resistant isolate.
Uncovering Insurance Fraud Conspiracy with Network Learning (2019)

Fraudulent claim detection is one of the greatest challenges the insurance industry faces. Alibaba's return-freight insurance, providing return-shipping postage compensations over product return on the e-commerce platform, receives thousands of potentially fraudulent claims everyday. Such deliberate abuse of the insurance policy could lead to heavy financial losses. In order to detect and prevent fraudulent insurance claims, we developed a novel data-driven procedure to identify groups of organized fraudsters, one of the major contributions to financial losses, by learning network information. In this paper, we introduce a device-sharing network among claimants, followed by developing an automated solution for fraud detection based on graph learning algorithms, to separate fraudsters from regular customers and uncover groups of organized fraudsters. This solution applied at Alibaba achieves more than 80% precision while covering 44% more suspicious accounts compared with a previously deployed rule-based classifier after human expert investigations. Our approach can easily and effectively generalizes to other types of insurance.
Noise improvement of 3&#x2013;5GHz CMOS UWB LNA with low power consumption (2010)

A single inductor matching network that carried low noise is designed to achieve the input wideband matching. This way has lower complexity that reduces chip area and holds the good reflection coefficient. Besides, the current reuse technique was used to achieve low power consumption. The design is simulated by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.18µm RF CMOS process. Through a 1V/5.56mA supply, the LNA achieved the maximum gain of 16.69dB with gain flatness ± 0.5dB; input return loss lower than −10dB; and a minimum noise figure 2.6dB in 3∼5 GHz.
Point-of-care testing for patients with diabetes, hyperlipidaemia or coagulation disorders in the general practice setting: a systematic review (2009)

This systematic review does not provide robust evidence that PoCT in general practice improves patient health outcomes, that it has comparable analytical quality to pathology laboratory testing, that it is cost-effective compared to usual care or that patients and health professionals find PoCT satisfactory. The number of trials is low, the follow-up of patients is short and many of the trials did not investigate PoCT as a separate intervention.
Power and bandwidth efficient digital communication using turbo codes in multilevel codes (1995)

Abstract The recently proposed Turbo codes are applied to bandwidth efficient modulation schemes via multilevel coding. For this purpose, Turbo codes are extended for a wide range of fine tunable rates by puncturing. A straightforward derivation of iterative Turbo decoding and the concept of extrinsic information is presented. New design rules for multilevel codes with arbitrary component codes and codeword lengths are derived from information theory. Simulation results show that application of Turbo codes to properly designed multilevel coding schemes leads to digital transmission schemes with high power and bandwidth efficiency.
A novel electron beam resist system acid catalized conversion of poly(di-t-butoxysiloxane) into glass. (1992)

A glass precursor polymer is designed on the basis of an idea of conversion of organosilicone polymer to an inorganic substance by lithographic procedure. Poly(di-t-butoxysiloxane) with photoacid generator is exposed followed by baking to give SiO2. The mechanism of the conversion is confirmed from the IR spectra. The sensitivity changes by deprotection ratio of t-butyl groups in the polymer chain, structurally improved polymer gives high sensitivity of 1.65μC/cm2. The glass precursor resist resolves 0.2μ m L/S patterns. O2-RIE durability of the resist film after exposure and PEB is, extremly high, over 62 times compared with bottom resist.
The anti‐ageing potential of a new jasmonic acid derivative (LR2412): <i>in vitro</i> evaluation using reconstructed epidermis episkin™ (2012)

Jasmonic acid is involved in plant wound repair and tissue regeneration, but no study has been reported in human skin. The effect of a jasmonic acid derivative, tetra-hydro-jasmonic acid (LR2412, 1 and 10 μm) was investigated on an in vitro reconstructed skin model, Episkin™. Using real time RTQPCR studies, results showed an increase in hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) and hyaluronase synthase 3 (HAS3) expression. Furthermore, an increase in hyaluronic acid (HA) deposits in basal and suprabasal layers of the epidermis was observed. The percentage of positive Ki67 keratinocytes in the basal layer as well as the epidermis thickness were seen to increase. Immunohistochemistry studies showed that the synthesis of late differentiation proteins filaggrin and transglutaminase 1 was not modified. The human epidermis is known to thin with age while HA content has been reported to decrease. These results illustrate the potential of LR2412 in counteracting signs of skin ageing.
A process insensitive NMOS operational amplifier (1979)

AN OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER which uses an enhancement/ depletion NMOS technology has been designed for low power Consumption, low process sensitivity, large bandwidth and small area.
Treatment completion for latent tuberculosis infection: a retrospective cohort study comparing 9 months of isoniazid, 4 months of rifampin and 3 months of isoniazid and rifapentine (2017)

Patients were equally as likely to complete the three months of isoniazid and rifapentine as four months of rifampin. Four months of rifampin is similar in efficacy compared to placebo as isoniazid and rifapentine but does not require directly observed therapy (DOT), and is less expensive compared to combination therapy with isoniazid and rifapentine, and thus can be the optimal treatment regimen to achieve the maximal efficacy in a community setting.
Design and Implementation of an Implantable Goniometer (1986)

A design for an implantable goniometer is presented with potential application in control of neural prostheses. Joint angle is detected magnetically utilizing a linear Hall-effect device and two permanent magnets. The transducer was evaluated in bench tests to determine its response along three orthogonal axes. A preliminary version of the system was then evaluated on a dog cadaver limb. An improved version was bench tested on a plastic model of the human knee. Finally, a fully implantable unit with transcutaneous transmission of power and joint angle information was evaluated in a chronic dog. Silicone elastomers and surface primers, used in the implant packaging, provide biocompatibility and protection against corrosion. While long-term performance studies remain to be done with respect to implanted calibration and drift, the results from this study demonstrate the feasibility of a chronic implanted goniometer system.
A Number Portability Integrated IPX to Improve Traffic Routing Efficiency for VoLTE Services (2014)

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is proposed by 3GPP as the standard of next generation mobile network. Compared to existing 3G technology, LTE provides faster transmission speed, higher spectral efficiency, and reduced network complexity. In addition, LTE is designed with a flexibility to provide voice communication over pure IP packets, called VoIP over LTE (VoLTE). Unlike GSM and 3G networks, LTE operators have the need to provide IP interconnection among peer LTE operators, called IP Packet Exchange (IPX). For more market penetration, LTE operators need Number Portability (NP) services to attract potential subscribers imported from GSM or 3G networks. To optimise traffic routing efficiency, this paper describes a NP-IPX to integrate the functionality of IPX and Number Portability Data Base (NPDB) together. The NP-IPX platform will help LTE operators to optimally interconnect with peer operators, and reduce time and capacity redundancy for call set up procedure, compared to separated NPDB and IPX network configuration.
Migration matters: regulatory T-cell compartmentalization determines suppressive activity in vivo (2005)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a fundamental role in the suppression of different immune responses; however, compartments at which they exert suppressive functions in vivo are unknown. Although many groups have described the presence of Tregs within inflammatory sites, it has not been shown that inflamed tissues are, indeed, the sites of active suppression of ongoing immune reactions. Here, by using alpha(E)+ effector/memory-like Tregs from fucosyltransferase VII-deficient animals, which lack E/P-selectin ligands and fail to migrate into inflamed sites, we analyzed the functional importance of appropriate Treg localization for in vivo suppressive capacity in an inflammation model. Lack of suppression by Tregs deficient in E/P-selectin ligands demonstrates that immigration into inflamed sites is a prerequisite for the resolution of inflammatory reactions in vivo because these selectin ligands merely regulate entry into inflamed tissues. In contrast, control of proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells during the induction phase of the immune response is more efficiently exerted by the naive-like alpha(E)-CD25+ Treg subset preferentially recirculating through lymph nodes when compared with its inflammation-seeking counterpart. Together, these findings provide the first conclusive evidence that appropriate localization is crucial for in vivo activity of Tregs and might have significant implications for anti-inflammatory therapies targeting recruitment mechanisms.
A Semantic Approach for Schema Evolution and Versioning in Object-Oriented Databases. (2000)

. In this paper a semantic approach for the specication and the management of databases with evolving schemata is introduced. It is shown how a general object-oriented model for schema versioning and evolution can be formalized; how the semantics of schema change operations can be dened; how interesting reasoning tasks can be supported, based on an encoding in description logics. 1 Introduction The problems of schema evolution and versioning arose in the context of longlived database applications, where stored data were considered worth surviving changes in the database schema [23]. According to a widely accepted terminology [18], a database supports schema evolution if it permits modications of the schema without the loss of extant data; in addition, it supports schema versioning if it allows the querying of all data through user-denable version interfaces. For the sake of brevity, schema evolution can be considered as a special case of schema versioning where only the cur...
Mask characterization for double patterning lithography (2009)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
CYTOLOGIGAL DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY CANCER (1970)

肺癌の細胞成績を改善する目的で多層式重層遠心分離法による集癌細胞法, X線照射や抗癌剤と被疾剤を投与する癌細胞誘発法, 太さ1mmの針を用いる肺穿刺法を考案した.X線所見が肺門型, 浸潤型は喀痰の単純な塗抹で陽性のことが多く, 無気肺型, 腫瘤型, 肋膜型, 粟粒型の時は陰性で, 集癌細胞法か癌細胞誘発法を必要とすることが多い. 転移性肺腫瘍は喀痰から癌細胞が発見できない. 従って検体は肺穿刺法で採取する必要がある.
Atomic Force Microscopy, a Powerful Tool in Microbiology (2002)

Understanding the functions of microbial cell surfaces requires knowledge of their structural and physical properties. Electron microscopy has long been recognized as a key technique in microbiology to elucidate cell surface ultrastructure ([6][1], [7][2], [44][3], [45][4]). An exciting achievement