gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted Silencing of Elongation Factor 2 Kinase Suppresses Growth and Sensitizes Tumors to Doxorubicin in an Orthotopic Model of Breast Cancer (2012)

Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K), through its phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 (eEF2), provides a mechanism by which cells can control the rate of the elongation phase of protein synthesis. The activity of eEF-2K is increased in rapidly proliferating malignant cells, is inhibited during mitosis, and may contribute to the promotion of autophagy in response to anti-cancer therapies. The purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic potential of targeting eEF-2K in breast cancer tumors. Through the systemic administration of liposomal eEF-2K siRNA (twice a week, i.v. 150 µg/kg), the expression of eEF-2K was down-regulated in vivo in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of a highly aggressive triple negative MDA-MB-231 tumor. This targeting resulted in a substantial decrease in eEF2 phosphorylation in the tumors, and led to the inhibition of tumor growth, the induction of apoptosis and the sensitization of tumors to the chemotherapy agent doxorubicin. eEF-2K down-modulation in vitro resulted in a decrease in the expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1 with a concomitant increase in the expression of p27(Kip1). A decrease in the basal activity of c-Src (phospho-Tyr-416), focal adhesion kinase (phospho-Tyr-397), and Akt (phospho-Ser-473) was also detected following eEF-2K down-regulation in MDA-MB-231 cells, as determined by Western blotting. Where tested, similar results were seen in ER-positive MCF-7 cells. These effects were also accompanied by a decrease in the observed invasive phenotype of the MDA-MB-231 cells. These data support the notion that the disruption of eEF-2K expression in breast cancer cells results in the down-regulation of signaling pathways affecting growth, survival and resistance and has potential as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of breast cancer.
Matching photometric-stereo images (1998)

We introduce a new process of shape estimation through the matching of photometric-stereo images, which are monocular images obtained under different illuminations. If the illumination directions are not far apart, and if the imaged surface is smooth, so that a linear approximation to the reflectance map is applicable, the disparities produced by the matching process can be related to the depth function of the imaged surface through a differential equation whose approximate solution is easily found. We thus obtain a closed-form expression for surface depth, depending only on the coefficients of the linear-reflectance-map function. If those coefficients are not available, a simple iterative scheme still allows the recovery of depth, up to an overall scale factor.
Incidental Detection of Maternal Neoplasia in Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (2017)

In a population of pregnant women who submitted a blood sample for cfDNA testing, an abnormal genomic profile not consistent with fetal abnormalities was detected in about 10 out of 100000 cases. A subset of these observations (18 of 43; 41.9%) was attributed to maternal malignant neoplasms. These observational results suggest the need for a controlled trial to evaluate the potential of using cfDNA as an early biomarker of cancer.
11C-DTBZ and 18F-FDG PET measures in differentiating dementias. (2005)

Multiple PET measures, whether 2 parameters from a single PET study such as (11)C-DTBZ K(1) and DV, or 2 parameters from different studies such as (18)F-FDG and (11)C-DTBZ DV, offer complementary information useful for diagnosing dementias. K(1) and DV images generated from a single (11)C-DTBZ scan provide as much diagnostic information as 2-scan studies using both (11)C-DTBZ and (18)F-FDG.
Epigenetic States of Cells of Origin and Tumor Evolution Drive Tumor-Initiating Cell Phenotype and Tumor Heterogeneity (2014)

A central confounding factor in the development of targeted therapies is tumor cell heterogeneity, particularly in tumor-initiating cells (TIC), within clinically identical tumors. Here, we show how activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway in neural stem and progenitor cells creates a foundation for tumor cell evolution to heterogeneous states that are histologically indistinguishable but molecularly distinct. In spontaneous medulloblastomas that arise in Patched (Ptch)(+/-) mice, we identified three distinct tumor subtypes. Through cell type-specific activation of the SHH pathway in vivo, we determined that different cells of origin evolved in unique ways to generate these subtypes. Moreover, TICs in each subtype had distinct molecular and cellular phenotypes. At the bulk tumor level, the three tumor subtypes could be distinguished by a 465-gene signature and by differential activation levels of the ERK and AKT pathways. Notably, TICs from different subtypes were differentially sensitive to SHH or AKT pathway inhibitors, highlighting new mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies. In summary, our results show how evolutionary processes act on distinct cells of origin to contribute to tumoral heterogeneity, at both bulk tumor and TIC levels.
Variation of Elastic Wave Velocity with Frequency in Fused Quartz and Armco Iron (1955)

The velocity dispersion in fused quartz and in Armco iron was investigated by measuring the resonant frequency of small cylinders using quartz crystals on the ends as drivers and detectors. With x-cut crystals and y-cut crystals the computed velocities of the dilatational waves in the range 2.0–5.0 Mc and shear waves in the range 1.5–3.0 Mc decrease with frequency. This decrease in both cases is regarded as unreasonably large and is ascribed primarily to sample geometry. Simple standing plane waves, either dilatational or shear, cannot satisfy the boundary conditions in a free cylinder. A mosaic crystal was then constructed of sectors of y-cut crystals such that the driver generated and the detector transmitted only torsional waves. With these crystals and viscous coupling between the crystals and sample, the velocity in fused quartz was constant within ±1 m/s for the frequency range 0.6–3.0 Mc. The velocity in Armco iron was constant within ±2 m/s in the range 0.5–1.5 Mc and decreased about 10 m/s in the range 1.5–3.0 Mc.
Vector diffraction from subwavelength optical disk structures: two-dimensional modeling of near-field profiles, far-field intensities, and detector signals from a dvd (1999)

Rigorous two-dimensional vector-diffraction patterns of a focused beam incident on an optical disk, specifically, a digital versatile disk (DVD), are examined both in the near field and in the far field. An efficient finite-difference frequency-domain method is developed for calculating the electromagnetic fields in the neighborhood of subwavelength dielectric and metallic structures. The results of vector-diffraction theory are compared with those of scalar-diffraction theory for pressed DVD features that consist of pits or of bumps. The sum (data) and difference (tracking) signals from a split photodetector are also calculated for different disk features and for different polarizations. The subwavelength features of a DVD result in considerable vector-diffraction effects both in the near-field profiles and in the detector signals, depending not only on the polarization of illumination but also on whether the features are pits or bumps. This paper provides important insight into the vector-diffraction effects encountered in high-density optical data storage systems.
Effects of survivin interference RNA on non-small cell lung carcinoma (2009)

Lentivirus-mediated siRNA therapy inhibits the growth of human lung cancer cells in vitro. The siRNA therapy also suppresses the growth of the transplanted lung cancer in mice.
Antibody 8ANC195 Reveals a Site of Broad Vulnerability on the HIV-1 Envelope Spike (2014)

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) can prevent infection in animal models. Characterized bNAb targets, although key to vaccine and therapeutic strategies, are currently limited. We defined a new site of vulnerability by solving structures of bNAb 8ANC195 complexed with monomeric gp120 by X-ray crystallography and trimeric Env by electron microscopy. The site includes portions of gp41 and N-linked glycans adjacent to the CD4-binding site on gp120, making 8ANC195 the first donor-derived anti-HIV-1 bNAb with an epitope spanning both Env subunits. Rather than penetrating the glycan shield by using a single variable-region CDR loop, 8ANC195 inserted its entire heavy-chain variable domain into a gap to form a large interface with gp120 glycans and regions of the gp120 inner domain not contacted by other bNAbs. By isolating additional 8ANC195 clonal variants, we identified a more potent variant, which may be valuable for therapeutic approaches using bNAb combinations with nonoverlapping epitopes.
Outer membrane vesicles enhance the carcinogenic potential of Helicobacter pylori (2008)

Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of gastric carcinogenesis. These non-invasive bacteria colonize the gastric mucosa and constitutively shed small outer membrane vesicles (OMV). In this study, we investigated the direct effect of H.pylori OMV on cellular events associated with carcinogenesis. We observed increased micronuclei formation in AGS human gastric epithelial cells treated with OMV isolated from a toxigenic H.pylori strain (60190). This effect was absent in OMV from strain 60190v:1 that has a mutant vacA, indicating VacA-dependent micronuclei formation. VacA induces intracellular vacuolation, and reduced acridine orange staining indicated disruption in the integrity of these vacuoles. This was accompanied by an alteration in iron metabolism and glutathione (GSH) loss, suggesting a role for oxidative stress in genomic damage. Increasing intracellular GSH levels with a GSH ester abrogated the VacA-mediated increase in micronuclei formation. In conclusion, OMV-mediated delivery of VacA to the gastric epithelium may constitute a new mechanism for H.pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis.
Genetic Mouse Models of Psychiatric Disorders (2006)

The mental well-being of humans depends on the discovery of the causes of mental illnesses and the use of this knowledge to direct the generation of new treatments and the development of preventive measures. In this context, defining how we can exploit the power of animal models in investigative strategies designed to understand and manipulate candidate causal factors remains a critical challenge. The fact that mental illnesses are uniquely human disorders does not negate the feasibility of developing and using relevant animal models, but only defines the challenge and sets the limitations of an animal model. Because the field is still in its infancy, addressing the roles and targets of animal models of mental illnesses effectively and responsibly will require additional empirical data, as well as critical thinking from scientists, journal editors, and funding agencies. In this chapter, we discuss some general guidelines for the development of genetic mouse models of psychiatric disorders and offer a theoretical framework for the interpretation of their analysis. At the end, we discuss some results and practical issues emerging from our ongoing work on a genetic mouse model of schizophrenia.
Novel Ultrathin FD-SOI BiMOS Device With Reconfigurable Operation (2017)

Ultrathin bipolar + MOS (BiMOS) transistors were fabricated with 28-nm Ultra Thin Body and Buried oxide (UTBB) FD-SOI high-k metal gate technology for the first time. We evaluate the device behavior through dc/transmission line pulse measurements and 3-D TCAD simulations. The BiMOS demonstrates excellent MOS and hybrid behavior, with base as potential reference, exhibiting modulated apparent gain β <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</sub> (~7 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> for the smallest base width) that can be controlled by the front and/or back gates. The mechanism of operation and further device optimizations are discussed. In addition, the device can work in four-gate FET mode with the two lateral junctions controlling the channel formation. For electrostatic discharge applications, triggering voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t1</sub> and leakage current can be modulated with an external resistor in two-terminal mode without requiring any external biasing.
Current Concepts and Occurrence of Epithelial Odontogenic Tumors: I. Ameloblastoma and Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (2013)

Ameloblastomas and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOTs) are common epithelial tumors of odontogenic origin. Ameloblastomas are clinico-pathologically classified into solid/multicystic, unicystic, desmoplastic, and peripheral types, and also divided into follicular, plexiform, acanthomatous, granular types, etc., based on their histological features. Craniopharyngiomas, derived from the remnants of Rathke's pouch or a misplaced enamel organ, are also comparable to the odontogenic tumors. The malignant transformation of ameloblastomas results in the formation of ameloblastic carcinomas and malignant ameloblastomas depending on cytological dysplasia and metastasis, respectively. AOTs are classified into follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral types. Ameloblastomas are common, have an aggressive behavior and recurrent course, and are rarely metastatic, while AOTs are hamartomatous benign lesions derived from the complex system of the dental lamina or its remnants. With advances in the elucidation of molecular signaling mechanisms in cells, the cytodifferentiation of epithelial tumor cells in ameloblastomas and AOTs can be identified using different biomarkers. Therefore, it is suggested that comprehensive pathological observation including molecular genetic information can provide a more reliable differential diagnosis for the propagation and prognosis of ameloblastomas and AOTs. This study aimed to review the current concepts of ameloblastomas and AOTs and to discuss their clinico-pathological features relevant to tumorigenesis and prognosis.
Red cell aggregation by macromolecules: Roles of surface adsorption and electrostatic repulsion (1973)

Abstract Aggregation of normal and neuraminidase‐treated human red blood cells (RBC) by dextrans of various molecular sizes and concentrations was quantified by microscopic counting and light reflectometry. The influences of variations in the ionic strength and the cationic valency of the dextran solution on RBC aggregation were also investigated. The data on RBC aggregation were correlated with measurements of the zeta potential by cell electrophoresis and the intercellular distance in the rouleaux by electron microscopy. With the use of the classical equations and newly developed knowledge in colloid chemistry, the electrostatic repulsive force between adjacent cell surfaces (F e ) was calculated from the experimental data. The macromolecular bridging force causing RBC aggregation (F b ) has also been derived as a function of dextran concentration. Other forces that cause RBC disaggregation are the mechanical shearing force (F s ) and the RBC membrane bending force (F m ). The net force for RBC aggregation is equal to F b – F e – F m – F s . This model of aggregation involving force balance at the surface can explain known experimental results on factors influencing cell aggregation. It is proposed that such force balance between cell surfaces may be applicable in other cell or particulate systems and that it may be of fundamental importance in many physiological functions.
Modulation of GABAA receptor function by benz[e]indenes and phenanthrenes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModulation of GABAA receptor function by benz[e]indenes and phenanthrenesDouglas F. Covey, Yuefei Hu, Michael G. Bouley, Katherine D. Holland, Nancy T. Rodgers-Neame, Keith E. Isenberg, and Charles F. ZorumskiCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 5, 627–630Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00057a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00057a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combustion System Development for the Ramgen Engine (2003)

The research and development of a unique combustion engine is presented. The engine converts the thrust from ramjet modules located on the rim of a disk into shaft torque, which in turn can be used for electrical power generation or mechanical drive applications. A test program was undertaken that included evaluation of the pre-prototype engine and incorporation of improvements to the thrust modules and supporting systems. Fuel mixing studies with vortex generators and bluff-body flame holders demonstrated the importance of increasing the shear-layer area and spreading angle to augment flame volume. Evaluation of flame-holding configurations (with variable fuel injection methods) concluded that the heat release zone, and therefore combustion efficiency, could be manipulated by judicious selection of bluff-body geometry, and is less influenced by fuel injection distribution. Finally, successful operation of novel fuel and cooling air delivery systems have resolved issues of gas (fuel and air) delivery to the individual rotor segments. The lessons learned from the pre-prototype engine are currently being applied to the development of a 2.8MW engine.
IRAK1b, a Novel Alternative Splice Variant of Interleukin-1 Receptor-associated Kinase (IRAK), Mediates Interleukin-1 Signaling and Has Prolonged Stability (2001)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pleiotropic cytokine essential for initiation of the immune response to infections and stress. IL-1 interacts with its type I receptor (IL-1RI) and triggers a number of intracellular signaling cascades leading to activation of transcription factors, transcriptional up-regulation of target genes, and mRNA stabilization. IL-1RI-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1) is a membrane proximal serine-threonine kinase involved in IL-1 signaling that becomes phosphorylated and progressively degraded in response to IL-1 induction. We have identified a novel variant of IRAK1, which we have named IRAK1b, that arises from the use of an alternative 5'-acceptor splice site defined by sequence within exon 12 of IRAK1. IRAK1b mRNA exhibits wide tissue expression and is evolutionarily conserved in both mouse and human. IRAK1b can activate the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB and interacts with the IL-1 signaling factors Toll-interacting protein and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6. It forms homodimers and heterodimers with the previously described isoform of IRAK1. We show that the IRAK1b protein is kinase-inactive and that, unlike IRAK1, its levels remain constant after IL-1 induction. The presence of an alternative splice variant of IRAK1, which is functionally active and highly stable following IL-1 stimulation, adds further complexity to the control mechanisms that govern IL-1 signaling.
Modes and Frequencies of Shafts Coupled by Straight Spur Gears (1962)

A pair of shafts, connected by gears, forms a mechanical system having a number of modes of vibration. Each mode involves a combination of torsion and flexure of the shafts and of bending of the meshing gear teeth. A method of finding these modes, together with their corresponding natural frequencies, is described and illustrated by a numerical example. Such modes can be set into resonance by, amongst other things, the oscillating forces which arise in the tooth meshing process.
Synthesis of a major subunit of the iejimalides (1995)

An enantioselective synthesis of the C(17)-C(29) portion of the iejimalides has been accomplished through use of a Heck palladium-catalyzed olefination reaction and asymmetric aldol condensations of dienals.
High Efficiency Industrial Screen Printed n-type mc-Si Solar Cells with Front Boron Emitter (2007)

n.v.t.
Decidable Approximations of Sets of Descendants and Sets of Normal Forms - extended version - (1997)

We present here decidable approximations of sets of descendants and sets of normal forms of Term Rewriting Systems, based on specific tree automata techniques. In the context of rewriting logic, a Term Rewriting System is a program, and a normal form is a result of the program. Thus, approximations of sets of descendants and sets of normal forms provide tools for analysing a few properties of programs: we show how to compute a superset of results, to prove the sufficient completeness property, or to find a criterion for proving termination under a specific strategy, the sequential reduction strategy.
PROLITH: A Comprehensive Optical Lithography Model (1985)

The Positive Resist Optical Lithography model (PROLITH) is introduced. The model predicts resist profiles for submicron projection, proximity and contact printing. Included are models for optical projection systems, the standing wave effect for projection printing, a diffraction model for contact printing, a kinetic model for the exposure reaction, and a kinetic model of the development process. Also included in PROLITH are the effects of prebake conditions and polychromatic exposure.