gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pattern formation in the limbs of <i>Drosophila</i>: <i>bric à brac</i> is expressed in both a gradient and a wave-like pattern and is required for specification and proper segmentation of the tarsus (1993)

We have identified the gene bric à brac and show that it is required for pattern formation along the proximal-distal axis of the leg and antenna of Drosophila. In bric à brac mutant legs, the bristle pattern of the three central tarsal segments is transformed towards the pattern of the most proximal tarsal segment. In addition, bric à brac mutant legs and antennae have segmentation defects. bric à brac encodes a nuclear protein that shares a highly conserved domain with two transcription factors from Drosophila. bric à brac function is dosage dependent and is required in a graded manner for the specification of tarsal segments. The graded requirement for bric à brac correlates with its graded expression pattern, suggesting that the concentration of BRIC A BRAC protein specifies segment identity in the tarsus.
Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub>, its metabolite 15‐d‐PGJ<sub>2</sub>, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐γ agonists induce apoptosis in transformed, but not normal, human T lineage cells (2002)

Prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) is abundantly produced by mast cells, platelets, and alveolar macrophages and has been proposed as a key immunoregulatory lipid mediator. 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15-d-PGJ(2)), a key PGD(2) metabolite, is under intense study as a potential anti-inflammatory mediator. Little is known about PGD(2) or the role of 15-d-PGJ(2), if any, in regulating the activities of human T lineage cells. In this report we demonstrate that both PGD(2) and 15-d-PGJ(2) have potent antiproliferative effects, and in fact kill human T lymphocyte lines derived from malignant cells by an apoptotic mechanism. Interestingly, normal human T cells were not similarly affected. Although the T lymphocyte lines express mRNA for the PGD(2) receptor (DP-R), a potent DP receptor agonist, BW245C, did not inhibit the proliferation or viability of the cells, suggesting an alternative mechanism of action. PGD(2) and 15-d-PGJ(2) can bind to the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) which is implicated in lipid metabolism and apoptosis. Exposure to synthetic PPAR-gamma ligands (e.g. ciglitazone, troglitazone) mimicked the inhibitory responses of PGD(2) and 15-d-PGJ(2), and induced apoptosis in the transformed T cells consistent with a PPAR-gamma-dependent mechanism. These observations suggest that PPAR-gamma ligands (which may include PGD2) provide strong apoptotic signals to transformed, but not normal T lymphocytes. Thus, the efficacy of utilizing PPAR-gamma and its ligands as therapeutics for human T cell cancers needs to be further evaluated.
Updated safety and long term clinical outcomes in TRANSCEND NHL 001, pivotal trial of lisocabtagene maraleucel (JCAR017) in R/R aggressive NHL. (2018)

7505Background: Lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel; JCAR017) is a CD19-directed 4-1BB CAR T cell product administered in defined composition at a precise dose of CD8 and CD4 CAR T cells. A multicen...
Early enteral administration of a formula (Impact Registered Trademark) supplemented with arginine, nucleotides, and fish oil in intensive care unit patients (1995)

Early enteral feeding of the experimental formula was safe and well tolerated in ICU patients. In patients who received the experimental formula, particularly if they were septic on admission to the study, a substantial reduction in hospital length of stay was observed, along with a significant reduction in the frequency of acquired infections.
Synthesis of 6‐Substituted Purines and Ribonucleosides with <i>N</i>‐(6‐Purinyl)pyridinium Salts (1985)

The pyridinium group at C-6 of the purine 1, RMe, has proved to be a good leaving group, making possible an efficient two-step synthesis of the biochemically important derivatives 2, XN3, SCH2CH2OH, OCH3. Older methods, which required more steps, afforded lower overall yields.
Dewpoint Pressure Model for Gas Condensate Reservoirs Based on Genetic Programming (2008)

Successful prediction of the future performance of condensate reservoirs requires accurate values of dewpoint pressures. Although the dewpoint pressure can be measured experimentally from collected laboratory samples, these measurements are frequently not available. In these cases, dewpoint pressure is determined using empirical correlations or using an equation of state (EoS). This paper presents an application of genetic programming with the orthogonal least squares algorithm (GP-OLS) to generate a linear-in-parameters dewpoint pressure model represented by tree structures. The GP-OLS-based gas condensate reservoir dewpoint pressure model was generated as a function of reservoir fluid composition (in terms of mole fractions of methane through heptanes-plus, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide), molecular weight of the heptanes-plus fraction, and reservoir temperature. The new model was developed using experimental measurements of 245 gas condensate systems covering a wide range of gas properties and reservoir temperatures. A total of 135 gas condensate systems that had not been used in building the new model were used to test and validate the new model against the other early published correlations. The validity test shows that the new model has a lower average absolute relative error than other published correlations. Therefore, the new model can be considered an alternative method to estimate the dewpoint pressure when the experimental data are not available.
High Resolution Microwave Holography and the Imaging of Remote Moving Objects (1975)

The principles and methods of scanned transmitter-receiver and scanned object microwave holography and their use in high resolution microwave imaging are discussed. Results of laboratory experiments demonstrating the capabilities of this scanned mode of microwave imaging are presented together with a discussion of potential applications in radar-like imag-ing of remote moving objects and in the visualization of internal structures.
Laser cleaning of field emitter arrays for enhanced electron emission (1998)

The effect of laser irradiation on the electron emission efficiency of field emitter arrays has been investigated as a function of wavelength using different harmonics of a diode-pumped Nd:YLF laser. While irradiation in the infrared or visible range did not induce any observable change in the emission behavior, ultraviolet laser irradiation, even at a lower fluence compared to infrared or visible, resulted in a significant increase of the emission efficiency, revealing that the photodecomposition of organic contaminants is the main mechanism for cleaning. During laser irradiation, the emission current increases gradually, approaching a saturation level as the surface is cleaned.
Rate and Distortion Modeling of CGS Coded Scalable Video Content (2010)

In this paper, we derive single layer and scalable video rate and distortion models for video bitstreams encoded using the coarse grain quality scalability (CGS) feature of the scalable extension of H.264/AVC. In these models, we assume the source is Laplacian distributed and compensate for errors in the distribution assumption by linearly scaling the Laplacian parameter . Moreover, we present simplified approximations of the derived models that allow for a run-time calculation of sequence dependent model constants. Our models use the mean absolute difference (MAD) of the prediction residual signal and the encoder quantization parameter (QP) as input parameters. Consequently, we are able to estimate the residual MAD, bitrate, and distortion of a future video frame at any QP value and for both base-layer and CGS layer packets. We also present simulation results that demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed models.
Gisting conversational speech in real time (1993)

The authors describe additions and modifications to a prototype system for analyzing air traffic contol (ATC) communication. The primary goal of the effort was to achieve real-time performance. This involved both system architectural and algorithmic modifications. The task of the system is to extract the gist of activity as it is monitored. In the ATC domain this involves identifying those flights that are present and classifying each flight as a departure, arrival, or other. The system combines a variety of techniques from speaker-identification, speech recognition, natural-language processing, and artificial intelligence. Continuous processing versions of the algorithms have been constructed and it has been demonstrated that real-time performance is possible by distributing the processing over a small number of workstations. To accomplish this task, a flexible software task-construction tool that allows simple specification of complex systems, supporting both dataflow and client/server models, has been developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
BACTOX, a Rapid Bioassay That Uses Protozoa To Assess the Toxicity of Bacteria (1999)

A new type of toxicity test based on the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis has been developed to assess the overall toxicity of bacterial strains given as prey. This simple and rapid test is able to detect toxicant-producing bacteria, which may present a biohazard. It can also be used for the risk assessment of microbes designed for deliberate release.
Efficient formulation for band-structure calculations of two-dimensional phononic-crystal plates (2006)

Based on Mindlin's plate theory and the plane wave expansion method, a formulation is proposed to study the propagation of Lamb waves in two-dimensional phononic-crystal plates. The method is applied to calculate the frequency band structure of a square array of crystalline gold cylinders in an epoxy matrix with a finite thickness. It is found that complete frequency band gaps for Lamb waves between different pass bands are opened up by tuning thickness of the phononic-crystal plate. The influence of plate thickness on the width of complete frequency band gap is calculated and discussed as well; the existence of frequency stop bands is sensitive to the variation of the thickness of the plate. Finally, we note that the proposed method provides a concise and efficient way in analyzing the frequency band structures of phononic-crystal plates in lower bands.
Smoking in pregnancy (2002)

This update discusses the evidence to link maternal smoking during pregnancy with adverse pregnancy outcome, and also the potential long-term effects on health of in-utero exposure to tobacco smoke. Smoking cessation strategies will also be considered.
Compensation control of matrix converter fed induction motor drive under abnormal input voltage conditions (2004)

Matrix converter (MC) is a direct energy conversion device with high input power factor and regeneration capability. As a device without dc link elements, the ac line side disturbances can degrade its output characteristic and reliability, even deteriorate the drive performance of motor load. In this paper, the behaviors of the MC drive under abnormal input voltage conditions, in terms of unbalance, nonsinusoidal and short-time voltage sag, have been investigated. A feedback compensation method based on close loop control of output current is proposed to improve the output performance of MC. In addition, a feedforward compensation method by measuring instantaneous values of input voltage is developed to compensate the output voltages of MC and ensure the drive performance of induction motor under abnormal input voltage conditions. The effectiveness and feasibility of the two proposed compensation methods have been proven through numerical simulations and experimental tests.
Compaction process in liquid-phase sintering under pressure in the W--Ni system (1974)

S>The compaction process in liquid-phase sintering under pressure was studied in the system tungsten-copper. The effect of the applied pressure on the compaction is studied as dependent on the liquid phase content, sintering temperature, degree of solid phase wenting with liguid, and size of solid-phase particles. It is shown that a rise in the degree of the solid phase wetting by the liquid component favors a better penetration of liquid to the particles joints and increases shrinkage and compaction. Shrinkage and compaction in liquid-phase sintering under pressure exceeding the capillary pressure (for equiaxial particles of solid phase and the same volumetric content of the latter) in the systems without noticeable solubility of the component and with an unplastic solidphase component are established to be either independent of or slightly dependent on the particle size of the solid phase. Definite plasticity of the solid phase and incomplete wetting of it with the liquid phase results in some decrease of shrinkage with a growth in particles size; this effect increases with the pressure rise. The results obtained give reasons to choose optimal conditions providing complete compaction of the sintered compositions. (auth)
Relationship between Intestinal Permeability and Calprotectin Concentration in Gut Lavage Fluid (2000)

The significant correlation between calprotectin concentration in gut lavage fluid and intestinal permeability supports the view that increased intestinal permeability in IBD might, at least in part, be a consequence of increased transepithelial migration of neutrophils.
LFSROM: A hardware test pattern generator for deterministic ISCAS85 test sets (2002)

Deterministic testing is by far the most interesting built-in self-test (BIST) technique because of the minimal number of test patterns required and of the known fault coverage. However, it is still not applicable since none of the existing deterministic test pattern generators (TPGs) is at the same time efficient and small. The LFSROM architecture which is presented herein is thus an attempt to solve the hardware cost problem without altering the initial test sequence in order to preserve the advantages of minimal sequence length of deterministic testing over pseudo-random and (pseudo)-exhaustive testing. The LFSROM concept is described and several implementations of test sets generated for the ISCAS85 benchmark circuits have been compared with those of equivalent ROM designs and the results reported in the form of curves and bar charts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of MEK- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent signalling as essential events during Chlamydia pneumoniae invasion of HEp2 cells (2002)

The ability of Chlamydia pneumoniae to survive and cause disease is predicated on efficient invasion of cellular hosts. While it is recognized that chlamydial determinants are important for mediating attachment and uptake into non-phagocytic cells, little is known about the bacterial ligands and cellular receptors that facilitate invasion or host cell signal transduction pathways implicated in this process. We used transmission and scanning electron microscopy to demonstrate that attachment of bacteria to host cells induced the appearance of microvilli on host cell membranes. Invasion occurred 30-120 min after cell contact with the subsequent loss of membrane microvilli. Using an epithelial cell infection model, C. pneumoniae invasion caused a rapid and sustained increase in MEK-dependent phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2, followed by PI 3-kinase-dependent phosphorylation and activation of Akt. Tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) preceded its appearance in a complex with the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase during chlamydial invasion and isoform-specific tyrosine phosphorylation of the docking protein Shc also occurred at the time of attachment and entry of bacteria. Chlamydia entry but not attachment could be abrogated with specific inhibitors of MEK, PI 3-kinase and actin polymerization, demonstrating the importance of these signalling pathways and an intact actin cytoskeleton for C. pneumoniae invasion. These results suggest that activation of specific cell signalling pathways is an essential strategy used by C. pneumoniae to invade epithelial cells.
Bnct and Nanoparticles: A Long Way to a Routine Clinical Method (2015)

The study for a new drugis complex and may last ten years or more. It includesthe preparation of the molecule in a pure form,the experimentation on cell lines, the animal testing, and the three phases of clinical trials on humans. In the case in which in vitro results already point to a possible cytotoxicity, additional in vivo tests on animals become inopportune on the basis of ethical principles that have been even reinforced by novel laws promulgated in some countries, such as the new European regulation (2010/63/UE), that strongly restrict inessential in vivo experiments.
Inhibition of Familial Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Mutant Amyloid β-Protein Fibril Assembly by Myelin Basic Protein (2007)

Deposition of fibrillar amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) in the brain is a prominent pathological feature of Alzheimer disease and related disorders, including familial forms of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Mutant forms of Abeta, including Dutch- and Iowa-type Abeta, which are responsible for familial CAA, deposit primarily as fibrillar amyloid along the cerebral vasculature and are either absent or present only as diffuse non-fibrillar plaques in the brain parenchyma. Despite the lack of parenchymal fibril formation in vivo, these CAA mutant Abeta peptides exhibit a markedly increased rate and extent of fibril formation in vitro compared with wild-type Abeta. Based on these conflicting observations, we sought to determine whether brain parenchymal factors that selectively interact with and modulate CAA mutant Abeta fibril assembly exist. Using a combination of immunoaffinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, we identified myelin basic protein (MBP) as a prominent brain parenchymal factor that preferentially binds to CAA mutant Abeta compared with wild-type Abeta. Surface plasmon resonance measurements confirmed that MBP bound more tightly to Dutch/Iowa CAA double mutant Abeta than to wild-type Abeta. Using a combination of biochemical and ultrastructural techniques, we found that MBP inhibited the fibril assembly of CAA mutant Abeta. Together, these findings suggest a possible role for MBP in regulating parenchymal fibrillar Abeta deposition in familial CAA.
2D TSA-tree: a wavelet-based approach to improve the efficiency of multi-level spatial data mining (2002)

Due to the large amount of the collected scientific data, it is becoming increasingly difficult for scientists to comprehend and interpret the available data. Moreover typical queries on these data sets are in the nature of identifying (or visualizing) trends and surprises at a selected sub-region in multiple levels of abstraction rather than identifying information about a specific data point. The authors propose a versatile wavelet-based data structure, 2D TSA-tree (Trend and Surprise Abstractions Tree), to enable efficient multi-level trend detection on spatial data at different levels. We show how 2D TSA-tree can be utilized efficiently for sub-region selections. Moreover, 2D TSA-tree can be utilized to precompute the reconstruction error and retrieval time of a data subset in advance in order to allow the user to trade off accuracy for response time (or vice versa) at query time. Finally, when the storage space is limited, our 2D Optimal TSA-tree saves on storage by storing only a specific optimal subset of the tree. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods, we evaluated our 2D TSA-tree using real and synthetic data. Our results show that our method outperformed other methods (DFT and SVD) in terms of accuracy, complexity and scalability.
Combined opto-electronic perometry and bioimpedance to measure objectively the effectiveness of a new treatment intervention for chronic secondary leg lymphedema. (2002)

Secondary lymphedema of the legs is a common sequela of patients treated for cancer of the reproductive, gastrointestinal, urinary systems and melanoma. From a clinical and research perspective it is of utmost importance to use techniques that objectively quantify leg volume and fluid composition as an indicator of lymphedema severity and response to treatment. Two techniques often used in both the clinical and research setting are leg perometry and multi-frequency bioimpedance. Although both techniques have been extensively validated, this trial aimed to cross correlate both measurement techniques to ascertain whether each or both could be used reliably for measurement of leg lymphedema. These measurements were utilized throughout a clinical trial that assessed the effectiveness of a new home based treatment program in the form of the Sun Ancon Aerobic Exerciser. This machine delivered both elevation and passive exercise to the legs, with participants using the machine over a three week period during which time their leg volumes were measured using both perometry and bioimpedance. The results demonstrated that leg volume measurements decreased using both perometry and bioimpedance. The reduction in body extracellular fluid as measured by bioimpedance correlated well with a reduction in leg volume as measured by perometry. Bioimpedance also recorded a reduction in weight, which was correlated with the reduction in leg volume as measured by perometry. This trial confirms that perometry and bioimpedance were both effective in independently showing a reduction in leg lymphedema using the Aerobic Exerciser therapy, and that both methods can be reliably used to measure and follow leg lymphedema.
Circulating tumor cells classification and characterization in dark field microscopic images of unstained blood (2015)

To date, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the most promising tumor marker. They correlate with overall survival rate and disease free survival, allowing an early detection of metastatic process, monitoring the disease progression and the treatment response. Different from most state of the art methods that detect CTC's in stained blood, the aim of this paper is to identify CTCs in unstained blood in order to accomplish the conditions for long term monitoring. Thus, our approach is to find the best features that characterize CTCs and discriminate them from other blood cells in dark field microscopic images. Several classic texture features, such as histogram statistics, gray level co-occurrence matrix and gray tone difference matrix, were proposed as cell descriptors. In addition, we introduce new features that quantify the radial homogeneity of the cells. The study was performed for three types of cells: red cells, white cells and CTCs. The images in our study were acquired with a microscope in dark field (DF) mode at 10X and 20X optical magnification. Several classifier were designed based on the computed features. The performance of each type of feature was tested, and ranked. Final classification results are given by a simplified set of features that improve the quality of the classifiers. The accuracy of our results is over 98% for the cell classification in both optical magnifications.