gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IFN? induction by influenza A virus is mediated by RIG-I which is regulated by the viral NS1 protein (2006)

Influenza A virus causes epidemics of respiratory diseases in humans leading to thousands of death annually. One of its major virulence factors, the non-structural protein 1 (NS1), exhibits interferon-antagonistic properties. While epithelial cells of the respiratory tract are the primary targets of influenza virus, the virus-sensing mechanisms in these cells eventually leading to IFNbeta production are incompletely understood. Here we show that infection of epithelial cells with NS1-deficient influenza A virus upregulated expression of two molecules that have been previously implicated in sensing of RNA viruses, the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and the melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). Gene silencing and overexpression experiments demonstrated that RIG-I, its adapter interferon-beta promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1) and interferon-regulated factor 3 (IRF3) were involved in influenza A virus-mediated production of the antiviral IFNbeta. In addition, we showed that the NS1 protein is capable to inhibit the RIG-I-induced signalling, a mechanism which corresponded to the observation that only NS1-deficient but not the wild-type virus induced high-level production of IFNbeta. In conclusion, we demonstrated a critical involvement of RIG-I, IPS-1 and IRF3 in influenza A virus infection of epithelial cells.
An Effective Way of Teaching Early Childhood Education On-line (2001)

(2001). An Effective Way of Teaching Early Childhood Education On-line. Childhood Education: Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 226-229.
Anticonvulsant effect of fluoxetine in humans (1995)

We report an unblinded, open-label, add-on trial of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in 17 patients with complex partial seizures with and without secondary generalization (mean follow-up duration, 14 +/- 1.1 months). Six patients showed complete disappearance of their daily seizures; in the others the seizure frequency was lowered by 30%. No patient reported side effects.
<i><scp>WIDE AND THICK GRAIN</scp> 1</i>, which encodes an otubain‐like protease with deubiquitination activity, influences grain size and shape in rice (2017)

Grain size and shape are two crucial traits that influence grain yield and grain appearance in rice. Although several factors that affect grain size have been described in rice, the molecular mechanisms underlying the determination of grain size and shape are still elusive. In this study we report that WIDE AND THICK GRAIN 1 (WTG1) functions as an important factor determining grain size and shape in rice. The wtg1-1 mutant exhibits wide, thick, short and heavy grains and also shows an increased number of grains per panicle. WTG1 determines grain size and shape mainly by influencing cell expansion. WTG1 encodes an otubain-like protease, which shares similarity with human OTUB1. Biochemical analyses indicate that WTG1 is a functional deubiquitinating enzyme, and the mutant protein (wtg1-1) loses this deubiquitinating activity. WTG1 is expressed in developing grains and panicles, and the GFP-WTG1 fusion protein is present in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Overexpression of WTG1 results in narrow, thin, long grains due to narrow and long cells, further supporting the role of WTG1 in determining grain size and shape. Thus, our findings identify the otubain-like protease WTG1 to be an important factor that determines grain size and shape, suggesting that WTG1 has the potential to improve grain size and shape in rice.
Respiratory and baroreceptor reflex interactions in man. (1977)

Respiratory and arterial baroreceptor reflex interactions were studied in six healthy young adults. Carotid baroreceptors were stimulated with two intensities of neck suction during early inspiration or expiration at 100 or 150% of each subject's normal tidal volume. Sinus node responses to moderate baroreflex stimuli were inhibited by inspiration, but responses to intense stimuli were not influenced by the phase of respiration. Supranormal tidal volume did not diminish responses to inspiratory baroreflex stimuli, but significantly reduced responses to expiratory stimuli. These results provide evidence for a central respiratory baroreceptor reflex interaction in man whose quality is dependent upon the level of afferent baroreceptor activity and the depth of inspiration.
Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotube on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (2010)

Abstract The morphology and electro‐optical performance of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) were investigated with the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT), both pristine and chemically modified one (CNT‐CC). With the addition of CNT, the diffraction efficiency increased and showed a maximum at 0.6% while nucleation was delayed due to the increased mixture viscosity. Film was driven only with CNT due to the induced local electric field of polymer to overcome the threshold resistance. Among the two types of CNT, chemically modified one gave finer CNT dispersion, lower mixture viscosity, larger liquid crystal (LC) droplet, higher diffraction efficiency, and shorter response time while the pristine CNT decreased the driving voltage. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 in spinal cord inhibits pain and hyperalgesia in a novel formalin model in sheep (2011)

This study set out to characterize the contribution of group III metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 activation to nociceptive behaviour and mechanical hypersensitivity in a novel formalin test in sheep. The mGlu receptor 7 allosteric agonist, N,N'-dibenzhydrylethane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride (AMN082; 2-20 mM), the nonselective group III mGlu receptor agonist L-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (0.2-20 mM) and drug vehicle were injected intrathecally into naive subjects (n=7 per group), or 5 min preformalin (3%; 0.2 ml)/saline injection (intradermal), into the lower forelimb of adult female sheep (n=5-7 per group). Forelimb withdrawal thresholds to noxious mechanical stimulation and pain behaviours (time spent nonweight bearing or flinching) were assessed for up to 180 min. Formalin induced a characteristic biphasic pain-behaviour response and mechanical hyperalgesia between 1-5 and 30-120 min postinjection. Treatment with AMN082, but not L-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid significantly inhibited both early and late phase formalin-induced hyperalgesia and pain behaviours. AMN082 also induced a rapid but short lasting analgesia in naive subjects. These data suggest that enhancing endogenous metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 activity in spinal cord, using the novel allosteric modulator, AMN082, blocks pain and hyperalgesia, and may be of therapeutic benefit for the treatment of inflammatory pain.
Simultaneous Antibiofilm and Antiviral Activities of an Engineered Antimicrobial Peptide during Virus-Bacterium Coinfection (2016)

Antimicrobial-resistant infections are an urgent public health threat, and development of novel antimicrobial therapies has been painstakingly slow. Polymicrobial infections are increasingly recognized as a significant source of severe disease and also contribute to reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials. Chronic infections also are characterized by their ability to resist clearance, which is commonly linked to the development of biofilms that are notorious for antimicrobial resistance. The use of engineered cationic antimicrobial peptides (eCAPs) is attractive due to the slow development of resistance to these fast-acting antimicrobials and their ability to kill multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, key elements for the success of novel antimicrobial agents. Here, we tested the ability of an eCAP, WLBU2, to disrupt recalcitrant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. WLBU2 was capable of significantly reducing biomass and viability of P. aeruginosa biofilms formed on airway epithelium and maintained activity during viral coinfection, a condition that confers extraordinary levels of antibiotic resistance. Biofilm disruption was achieved in short treatment times by permeabilization of bacterial membranes. Additionally, we observed simultaneous reduction of infectivity of the viral pathogen respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). WLBU2 is notable for its ability to maintain activity across a broad range of physiological conditions and showed negligible toxicity toward the airway epithelium, expanding its potential applications as an antimicrobial therapeutic. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial-resistant infections are an urgent public health threat, making development of novel antimicrobials able to effectively treat these infections extremely important. Chronic and polymicrobial infections further complicate antimicrobial therapy, often through the development of microbial biofilms. Here, we describe the ability of an engineered antimicrobial peptide to disrupt biofilms formed by the ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa during coinfection with respiratory syncytial virus. We also observed antiviral activity, indicating the ability of engineered antimicrobial peptides to act as cross-kingdom single-molecule combination therapies.
The Pharmacopeia of the United States of America (1970)

<i>USP XVIII</i>, the second revision of the Pharmacopeia produced by the 1969-1970 General Committee on Revision, has recently become available and will become official from Sept 1, 1970. This revision contains 1,103 monographs, including 257 newly recognized articles. Only 58 previously recognized articles were dropped from this edition. The Subcommittee on Scope has given broader recognition than previously to individual drugs in a class, and thus more articles of equal therapeutic merit are included; nevertheless, the result is more apparent in some groups than in others; for example, only one thiazide diuretic was recognized for admission. The recognition of fixed combination of drugs is still very limited; none of the oral contraceptives is admitted, although most of their individual components are included. The section on "General Information and Procedures," which is useful primarily to those testing drugs, comprises about 20% of the pages. The<i>USP</i>procedures for drug testing reflect
Criteria for the design of manipulator arms for a high stiffness-to-weight ratio (1998)

Design aspects of a six degree-of-freedom high-accuracy manipulator are presented. The manipulator arm (called the UTI-arm) comprises four revolute and two prismatic joints. The mechanical design of the manipulator is aimed at obtaining high accuracy and a high stiffness-to-weight ratio of the links. Prestressing of mechanical elements is performed to transform strength to stiffness. Design of links under tension load is carried out to enhance bending stiffness. In the past, researchers have reported inefficiency of prismatic joints due to their high compliance. Compared to a uniform thin-walled tube, prismatic joints used in this design provide an isotropic, higher bending stiffness with a relatively low loss in torsional stiffness. Experiments were conducted to verify the theory presented for calculating torsional stiffness of such joints. A finite element model was also used to validate the model. The mechanical design of the arm is presented in detail in view of the proposed prismatic joint cross section and the prestressing effects.
Microstrip decoupling networks for low-order multiport arrays with reduced element spacing (2005)

An array of monopole elements with reduced element spacing of λ/20 to λ/6 is considered for application in digital beam-forming and direction-finding. The small element spacing introduces strong mutual coupling between the array elements. This paper proposes that decoupling can be achieved analytically for arrays with three elements and describes Kuroda's identities in order to realize the lumped elements of the derived decoupling network. Design procedures and equations are proposed. The experimental results are presented. The decoupled array has a bandwidth of 1% and a superdirective radiation pattern. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 592–597, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21060
Diagnosis of disseminated microsporidian Encephalitozoon hellem infection by PCR-Southern analysis and successful treatment with albendazole and fumagillin (1996)

A 37-year old AIDS patient presented with foreign body sensation. Microsporidia were detected in smears from a conjunctival swab and urine sediment stained with calcofluor and a modified trichrome blue stain and by indirect fluorescent-antibody staining with murine polyclonal antiserum raised against Encephalitozoon hellem. This antiserum cross-reacted with other Encephalitozoon species, so PCR was performed to amplify the microsporidian ribosomal DNA (rDNA) with pan-Encephalitozoon primers. The PCR DNA products from the urine and conjunctival clinical specimens, along with the tissue culture-derived microsporidian controls, were assayed by Southern analysis with oligonucleotide probes specific for Encephalitozoon cuniculi, E. hellem, and Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis. The PCR product amplified from the urine specimen hybridized with the E. hellem probe only, while insufficient DNA was amplified from the conjunctiva specimen for detection by Southern analysis. For corroboration of the PCR-Southern analysis results, aliquots of the urine and conjunctiva specimens were seeded onto RK-13 cell monolayers. The rDNA extracts of the cultured microsporidia were amplified by PCR with pan-Encephalitozoon primers, and the PCR DNA products were subjected to digestion with restriction endonuclease FokI. The amplified rDNA of both the urine and conjunctiva isolates generated digestion patterns that were identified to the E. hellem PCR rDNA digestion pattern. In addition, double-stranded heteroduplex mobility shift analysis with these PCR products indicated that the urine and conjunctiva isolates were identical to each other and to E. hellem. The patient was treated with albendazole and topical fumagillin and responded rapidly, with no recurrence of ophthalmologic signs. The results of this study demonstrate that PCR-Southern analysis provides a basis for distinguishing E. cuniculi, E. hellem, and E. intestinalis in clinical specimens.
Ligand-Induced Movements of Inner Transmembrane Helices of Glut1 Revealed by Chemical Cross-Linking of Di-Cysteine Mutants (2012)

The relative orientation and proximity of the pseudo-symmetrical inner transmembrane helical pairs 5/8 and 2/11 of Glut1 were analyzed by chemical cross-linking of di-cysteine mutants. Thirteen functional di-cysteine mutants were created from a C-less Glut1 reporter construct containing cysteine substitutions in helices 5 and 8 or helices 2 and 11. The mutants were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and the sensitivity of each mutant to intramolecular cross-linking by two homobifunctional thiol-specific reagents was ascertained by protease cleavage followed by immunoblot analysis. Five of 9 mutants with cysteine residues predicted to lie in close proximity to each other were susceptible to cross-linking by one or both reagents. None of 4 mutants with cysteine substitutions predicted to lie on opposite faces of their respective helices was susceptible to cross-linking. Additionally, the cross-linking of a di-cysteine pair (A70C/M420C, helices 2/11) predicted to lie near the exoplasmic face of the membrane was stimulated by ethylidene glucose, a non-transported glucose analog that preferentially binds to the exofacial substrate-binding site, suggesting that the binding of this ligand stimulates the closure of helices at the exoplasmic face of the membrane. In contrast, the cross-linking of a second di-cysteine pair (T158C/L325, helices 5/8), predicted to lie near the cytoplasmic face of the membrane, was stimulated by cytochalasin B, a glucose transport inhibitor that competitively inhibits substrate efflux, suggesting that this compound recruits the transporter to a conformational state in which closure of inner helices occurs at the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. This observation provides a structural explanation for the competitive inhibition of substrate efflux by cytochalasin B. These data indicate that the binding of competitive inhibitors of glucose efflux or influx induce occluded states in the transporter in which substrate is excluded from the exofacial or endofacial binding site.
Creation of an Artificially Produced Fracture Zone to Prevent Contaminated Ground‐Water Migration (1989)

ABSTRACT Recovery of contaminated ground water in a fractured bedrock system presents some unique problems. Typically, the most common problem occurs from the inability to adequately characterize the discrete fractures through which contaminants may be migrating. Without adequate characterization, difficulties arise in properly positioning recovery wells and verifying the performance of the system. To overcome these difficulties at a site in Upstate New York, an innovative approach was developed involving the creation of an artificial fracture zone through controlled blasting to intercept contaminated ground‐water flow. Site investigations delineated the extent of a ground‐ water contamination plume migrating within a fractured bedrock aquifer (Medina sandstone) which underlies approximately 15 ft of glacial till. A 72‐hr aquifer test involving one recovery well resulted in a low yield (3.5 gpm with 20 ft of drawdown). Data collected from adjacent observation wells indicated poor interconnection among the naturally occurring fractures. Although the response of some observation wells mirrored that of the recovery well, others showed little or no response to pumping. Therefore, achieving the corrective action objectives (i.e., preventing further contaminant migration and removing and treating contaminated ground water) would be difficult using a “traditional” multiple recovery well system. It was decided that controlled linear blasting could provide the enhanced fracture interconnection necessary to successfully intercept the contaminated ground‐water plume, which would then be captured and removed by judicious placement of recovery well(s) installed within the fracture zone. Using a carefully controlled single line pattern blasting technique, a 6‐ft wide, 300‐ft long fracture zone was created in the upper 25 ft of the bedrock aquifer perpendicular to the centerline of the plume. Following fracturing, a second 72‐hr aquifer test was conducted at the same location and under conditions similar to the first test. The second test indicated that the single recovery well located in the newly created fracture zone should be fully capable of recovering contaminated ground water and preventing further migration of the plume. The recovery well produced a substantially higher yeild of 18.5 gpm with only 11.2 ft of drawdown. Futhermore, all of the nearby observation wells showed significant response to pumping. Success at this site is promising, and the approach may prove useful at other sites involving contaminated bedrock aquifers.
Unsupervised object-based detection of dissolves in video sequences (2004)

A new method for detecting the dissolve production effect within digital videos is proposed. Possible dissolve candidates are first identified based on the MPEG-7 edge histogram (Day, N. and Martinez, J.M., Proc. ISO/IEC/SC29/WG11 N4325, 2001) differences accumulated across a sampled region of the video. These potential candidates are then classified as a dissolve based on the analysis of tracking interesting objects within the considered video segment. The MPEG-7 descriptors (Day and Martinez, 2001), consisting of the edge histogram, homogenous texture, dominant colors and color structure (196 features in all), are then extracted from corresponding objects in successive frames for the duration of the potential dissolve sequence. The object's features are observed to undergo profound changes during a dissolve effect, while changing very little during other types of gradual transitions (e.g. camera panning and zooming). These object changes are used in classifying the sequence as a dissolve.
Using retirement planning software to assess Americans' preparedness for retirement: an update. (2000)

This article is an update of a previous analysis of retirement planning software. In this updated analysis, the author uses data from the 1995 Survey of Consumer Finances along with statistical analysis of retirement software to examine whether consumers who follow the software retirement saving parameters are saving enough for retirement.
Design for Tactical Situation Awareness Display (1992)

Abstract : Because of continuing advances in on-board sensors, computers, and displays, we can expect to see significant growth in the amount of information presented to rotorcraft crews by next-generation tactical situation displays. If unchecked, this growth will easily exceed the crew's capability for dealing with the available on-board information base in a timely and effective fashion. A range of technologies are now being proposed to provide appropriate levels of information management and situation awareness, ranging from hardware upgrades like touch screen displays, to advanced computing horsepower to support multi- sensor data fusion, to new AI technologies including export systems like Pilot's Associate. The problem, however, is not that there is a dearth of candidate technologies; rather it is that we have no reliable means for evaluating them in terms of the fundamental situation awareness they afford the crew. What is called for is an objective metric for evaluating the awareness level provided a crew by a new cockpit technology, and a rational means for using this metric in a structured methodology involving: (1) identification of mission-specific tactical informational requirements; (2) generation of candidate display formats and symbologies; and (3) metric-based evaluation of afforded situation awareness.
Solar Data Analysis (2000)

The solar industry has grown considerably in the last few years. This larger scale has introduced more problems as well as possibilities. One of those possibilities is analyzing the data coming from the sites that are now being monitored, and using the information to answer a variety of questions. We have four questions which are of prime importance identified in this thesis: 1. Can data from customers be trusted? 2. Can we use data from existing sites to determine which sites need the most improvement? 3. Can we implement a location-based algorithm to reduce the amount of false positives for performance, or other alarms? 4. Can we improve upon the current predicted power algorithm? We find that not only can we answer these questions definitively, but the improvements found are of significant value. Each of these items represents an important question that either directly or indirectly translates into increased revenue and engineering improvements for the solar industry as a whole.
Compensation of Time Varying Fields in the Tevatron Superconducting Magnets (1989)

While the Tevatron is stored at 150 GeV for injection of protons during a colliding beam cycle, the sextupole fields in the Tevatron dipoles decay in a predictable manner. This decay has been further measured and compared with the behavior predicted by the theory of flux creep in the superconducting filaments of the magnet cable. A correction algorithm has been implemented which automatically adjusts the current output of function generators for the two orthogonal sextupole correction circuits. Results of the implementation are presented. The technique used has reduced the chromaticity drift while at 150 by an order of magnitude. Data taken during regular collider operations show a chromaticity spread at 1 h on the injection porch of the order of six units. These data also suggest an effect due to the fact that the prior ramp history is still present. >