gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological studies on the cough-like reflex induced by chemical stimulation (1978)

1，1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide（DMPP）適用によって誘発される咳様反射を応用して，咳漱反射の機序を検索する目的でイヌを用いて実験した．α-chloralose麻酔下において，DMPP2～10μg/kg i.v.，1～5μg/kg頸動脈内適用（i.a.）のほか，lobeline 100～400μg/kg i.v.，nicotine 5～20μg/kg i.v.の適用によっても咳様反射が誘発された．Histamine 10～20μg/kg i.v.適用では呼吸数の増加がみられたが，咳様反射は認められなかった．反復適用の場合，DMPPはtachphylaxisは認められないが，lobelineとnicotineには認められた．呼吸抵抗は,DMPP i.v.適用では変化しなかったが，DMPP i.a.，lobeline，nicotineおよびhistamine i.v.適用では増加した．DMPP i.v.適用による咳様反射は，morphine，codeine，oxymethebanol，picoperidamine，piclobetolにより抑制され，そのED50は気管粘膜の電気的刺激法により誘発された咳嗽に対するED50よりも，1.6～10倍高用量であった．また，DMPPによる咳様反射は,benzonatateにより軽度の抑制，hexamethoniumにより著明な抑制，両側迷走神経切断および，両側頸動脈洞神経切断により消失した．これに反し，isoproterenol，ephedrine，atropine，propranololは，DMPP適用による咳様反射に対して影響がみられなかった．以上，DMPP適用による咳様反射に対する薬物の影響から，この反射は気管粘膜の電気的刺激法による咳漱の誘発機序とはかなり異なり，頸動脈体の化学受容器を介する呼吸中枢性の作用であると考えられる．今後，両者の方法を用いて鎮咳薬の作用態度を追求することによって，中枢性か末梢性かを判別する一手段として応用できると考えられる．
Beam dump window design for the spallation neutron source (2004)

The Spallation Neutron Source accelerator systems will provide a 1 GeV, 1.44 MW proton beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron production. Beam tuning dumps are provided at the end of the linac (the Linac Dump) and in the Ring-to-Target transport line (the Extraction Dump). Thin windows are required to separate the accelerator vacuum from the poor vacuum upstream of the beam dump. There are several challenging engineering issues that have been addressed in the window design. Namely, handling of the high local power density deposited by the stripped electrons from the H-beam accelerated in the linac, and the need for low-exposure removal and replacement of an activated window. The thermal design of the linac dump window is presented, as is the design of a vacuum clamp and mechanism that allows remote removal and replacement of the window.
Julia: A Fresh Approach to Numerical Computing (2017)

Bridging cultures that have often been distant, Julia combines expertise from the diverse fields of computer science and computational science to create a new approach to numerical computing. Julia is designed to be easy and fast and questions notions generally held to be “laws of nature" by practitioners of numerical computing: \beginlist \item High-level dynamic programs have to be slow. \item One must prototype in one language and then rewrite in another language for speed or deployment. \item There are parts of a system appropriate for the programmer, and other parts that are best left untouched as they have been built by the experts. \endlist We introduce the Julia programming language and its design---a dance between specialization and abstraction. Specialization allows for custom treatment. Multiple dispatch, a technique from computer science, picks the right algorithm for the right circumstance. Abstraction, which is what good computation is really about, recognizes what remains the same after differences are stripped away. Abstractions in mathematics are captured as code through another technique from computer science, generic programming. Julia shows that one can achieve machine performance without sacrificing human convenience.
Cellulose Digestion in the Wood-Eating Higher Termite, Nasutitermes takasagoensis (Shiraki): Distribution of Cellulases and Properties of Endo-β-1,4-gIucanase (1997)

beta-Glucosidase [EC 3.2.1.21] and endo-beta-1,4-glucanase [EC 3.2.1.4] activities were measured in the wood-eating higher termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis. beta-Glucosidase activity was present mainly in the salivary glands (66.7%) and midgut (22.2%), whereas endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity was detected mainly in the midgut (90.1%). Specific activity of endo-beta-1,4-glucanase was also the highest in the midgut, indicating that cellulose is digested in the midgut. The major endo-beta-1,4-glucanase component of N. takasagoensis was purified from whole termites by gel filtration on Sephaoryl S-200 HR, Superdex-75 and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. Subsequently, the endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity from a crude midgut extract was eluted in an identical volume (Kd = 0.68) to that from whole termites, suggesting the purified endo-beta-1,4-glucanase is identical to that in the midgut. The molecular weight of the purified endo-beta-1,4-glucanase was 47 kDa, and its specific activity was 1,200 units/mg. The optimal pH and temperature were 5.8 and 65 degrees C, respectively. The Km and Vmax values on carboxymethyl cellulose were 8.7 mg/ml and 2,222 units/mg, respectively. The purified endo-beta-1,4-glucanase hydrolyzed cellopentaose to cellotriose and cellobiose, and cellotetraose to cellobiose and a trace of cellotriose and glucose, but cellotriose and cellobiose were not hydrolyzed. The activity and stability on pH and temperature of the purified endo-beta-glucanase are prominent among those from various organisms.
IMPROVED ISOCRATIC SEPARATION OF PHENYLTHIOHYDANTOIN AMINO ACIDS DOWN TO THE FEMTOMOLE LEVEL (1985)

IMPROVED ISOCRATIC SEPARATION OF PHENYLTHIOHYDANTOIN AMINO ACIDS DOWN TO THE FEMTOMOLE LEVEL was published in Volume 2 Review Articles, including those from an International Conference held in Bielefeld, F. R. of Germany, June 1–2, 1984 on page 347.
Systematic Analysis of Change in Restaurant Operations (1989)

The successful management of change is a key factor in ensuring growth in the restaurant industry. The author discusses how to evaluate and act on a management change plan beginning with a total understanding and knowledge of the environment within which it operates.
Transmission electron microscopy specimen holder for simultaneous <i>in situ</i> heating and electrical resistance measurements (2004)

A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimen holder has been developed for the measurement of the electrical resistance of a TEM sample as a function of temperature. A custom TEM heating holder was modified for this purpose. Eight feedthrough wires were passed through the specimen holder; (i) providing current to the heater, (ii) allowing for the measurement of the hot stage temperature, and (iii) enabling the measurement of the electrical resistance of the sample. This configuration creates the opportunity to directly correlate changes in the resistance to microstructural changes as a function of temperature. The working of the holder is demonstrated by studies on a phase transformation in Al–Ge films. In this way, a direct correlation was found between changes in resistance and microstructure as a function of temperature.
Radon capture with silver exchanged zeolites (2012)

Abstract To enable laboratory work with larger amounts of 226 Ra and its decay products, e.g. , 222 Rn and its daughters, these need to be captured in order to avoid unnecessary alpha contamination of the laboratory work space and ventilation systems. In this study, radon gas was pumped through a column filled with the silver exchanged zeolite called “silver exchanged molecular sieves 13X” (Ag 84 Na 2 [(AlO 2 ) 86 (SiO 2 ) 106 ]· x H 2 O). After exposure to radon, the radioactivity of the zeolite was measured repeatedly using high resolution gamma spectrometry. It was shown that radon was captured and retained in the silver exchanged zeolite. The zeolites´ ability to retain radon was decreased by formation of metallic silver, caused by ionizing radiation. However, the zeolite was regenerated by heating and its radon capture ability was restored. The daughters of radon are not in gas phase and will hence stay on the column.
The THISL system for indexing and retrieval of broadcast news (1999)

This paper describes the THISL news retrieval system which maintains an archive of BBC radio and television news recordings. The system uses the ABBOT large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system to transcribe news broadcasts, and the thisIIR text retrieval system to index and access the transcripts. Decoding and indexing is performed automatically, and the archive is updated with three hours of new material every day. A Web-based interface to the retrieval system has been devised to facilitate access to the archive.
Detection, classification and localization of acoustic events in the presence of background noise for acoustic surveillance of hazardous situations (2015)

Evaluation of sound event detection, classification and localization of hazardous acoustic events in the presence of background noise of different types and changing intensities is presented. The methods for discerning between the events being in focus and the acoustic background are introduced. The classifier, based on a Support Vector Machine algorithm, is described. The set of features and samples used for the training of the classifier are introduced. The sound source localization algorithm based on the analysis of multichannel signals from the Acoustic Vector Sensor is presented. The methods are evaluated in an experiment conducted in the anechoic chamber, in which the representative events are played together with noise of differing intensity. The results of detection, classification and localization accuracy with respect to the Signal to Noise Ratio are discussed. The results show that the recognition and localization accuracy are strongly dependent on the acoustic conditions. We also found that the engineered algorithms provide a sufficient robustness in moderately intense noise in order to be applied to practical audio-visual surveillance systems.
Yield parameters and firmness of soybean [Glycine max. (L.) merril] as influenced by phosphorus fertilizer rates in two ultisols (2015)

A field study was conducted for two years to assess the spatial and temporal effect of Phosphorus fertilizer on the yield, yield components and yield stability of five soybean genotypes in Umudike and Amakama in eastern Nigeria. The study was laid out as a split-plot in a randomized complete block with three replications. P rates of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate (TSP, 20% P) was randomly allocated to sub-plots and five soybean varieties (TGX 1440-1E, TGX 1448-2E, TGX 1485-1D, TGX 1835-10E and TGX 1910-14F) to main plots. Phosphorus rate, year and location were considered as environmental factors in a genotype x environment analysis. Genotype, P rate, year, location and some interactions were significant for most of the traits studied. The Genotypes performed differently across the environments and a high positive and significant association existed between seed yield and number of pods per plant as well as the number of seeds per plant. Hence, these traits can be selected for in the improvement of soybean in this agro ecology. Genotype x environment interactions (GEI) played a significant role in this study and should be given considerable attention in soybean breeding program for development of genetic materials adapted to a wide range of environments. TGX 1910-14F and TGX1440-1E were stable under different P rates.
The Temporomandibular Joint (1941)

The Temporomandibular Joint Clarence E. Sheets, Jr., Dental Corp, U. S. Army Clarence E. Sheets, Jr., Dental Corp, U. S. Army Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Military Surgeon, Volume 88, Issue 5, May 1941, Pages 529–538, https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/88.5.529 Published: 01 May 1941
Mechanistic aspects of the cytotoxic activity of glufosfamide, a new tumour therapeutic agent (2000)

Beta-D-glucosyl-ifosfamide mustard (D 19575, glc-IPM, INN = glufosfamide) is a new agent for cancer chemotherapy. Its mode of action, which is only partly understood, was investigated at the DNA level. In the breast carcinoma cell line MCF7 glufosfamide inhibited both the synthesis of DNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by the decreased incorporation of [3H-methyl]-thymidine into DNA and [14C]-methionine into protein of these cells. Treatment of MCF7 cells with 50 microM glufosfamide was sufficient to trigger poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation, as revealed by immunofluorescence analysis. Both CHO-9 cells, which are O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-deficient, and an isogenic derivative, which has a high level of MGMT, showed the same cytotoxic response to beta-D-glc-IPM, indicating that the O6 position of guanine is not the critical target for cytotoxicity. By contrast, a sharp decrease in survival of cross-link repair deficient CL-V5 B cells was observed already at concentrations of 0.1 mM beta-D-glc-IPM, whereas the wild-type V79 cells showed a 90% reduction in survival only after treatment with 0.5 mM of this compound. The therapeutically inactive beta-L-enantiomer of glufosfamide also showed genotoxic effects in the same assays but at much higher doses. This was probably due to small amounts of ifosfamide mustard formed under the conditions of incubation. The results indicate that the DNA crosslinks are the most critical cytotoxic lesions induced by beta-D-glc-IPM.
A Prospective Survey of Familial Canine Lymphosarcoma<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1984)

The incidence and case distribution of lymphosarcoma were determined prospectively in one breed of dogs, the bull mastiff. Fifty-nine dogs from three households were followed for 3 years. Two of the households had a previous history of lymphosarcoma cases, whereas the third had no history of such cases. During the survey period, 9 of the 59 dogs died from lymphosarcoma with multiple cases occurring in each household. On the basis of this survey, the annual incidence rate in the general bull mastiff population is likely to be on the order of 5,000 cases per 100,000 dogs, which constitutes the highest incidence rate recorded in this species. The distribution of the cases displayed a familial pattern. The possible involvement of genetic and infectious factors in the development of this disease pattern is discussed.
The role of optical layer cross-connects in emerging network architectures (2002)

As long haul carriers begin to implement an optical layer, the optical cross-connect (OXCs) is emerging as the critical element. Whereas OXCs were originally envisioned (predominantly) as a vehicle for restoration, the importance of this role is arguably diminishing. This phenomenon is partially driven by the large amount of effort and progress made on IP restoration schemes. However, the ability for an OXC to enable a fast provisioning service is becoming one of paramount importance. The ability for a customer to obtain an OC-48 in seconds or minutes in contrast to the current weeks or months is indeed a viable service. We examine optical layer cross-connects (OLXCs) which may have either electronic or optical switching fabrics, their possible relationship (i.e., control plane) to routers, and their role in providing both restoration and possibly more importantly fast provisioning.
Multiple Pulse Modulation in Static Inverters Reduces Selected Output Harmonics and Provides Smooth Adjustment of Fundamentals (1970)

It is the problem of the inverter designer to design a unit whose cost is low and whose reliability is high, consistent with all other application requirements. This suggests that a minimum of major switching elements be used, that conservatively rated components be employed, and that circuit redundancy be incorporated in the design. Another major problem facing the inverter designer is that of maintaining the output voltage of the inverter within an allowable band of values. This problem arises due to the normal voltage drops within the inverter. It also is aggravated by the voltage drops in the rectifier supplying power to the inverter or by the battery voltage variation. Multiple pulse modulation provides more than one polarity reversal per half-cycle. The amplitude of the input voltage to the inverter is equal to that of the source and is essentially fixed for small intervals of time. The freedom to reverse polarity is the freedom to change the harmonic structure of the output. By selecting the number and location of the reversals in polarity, the fundamental amplitude may be varied while eliminating low-order harmonics. This technique offers a unique utilization of power handling components.
Towards designing better maps for indoor navigation (2009)

Recent development in indoor navigation systems and related studies imply that these applications will become common in the future. A variety of solutions utilizing different mediums is being developed. Lately, a range of mobile devices have started to support outdoor pedestrian navigation, and these devices presumably keep guiding the users also when moving indoors. However, the design patterns from the outdoor world do not necessarily work indoors. In order to understand the distinctive UI requirements of indoor navigation, we conducted a user study involving 23 people using a mobile phone-based, location-sensitive service. In this paper, we reveal our findings that the visualizations and UI designs resembling conventional outdoor maps or floor layouts are not optimal for indoor navigation, and present recommendations for the future design of indoor navigation systems.
Effect of distribution coefficient, contaminated area, and the depth contamination of the guildelines for uranium residual radoiactive material in soils (1996)

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) cleanup guidelines for uranium applicable to remedial actions at Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) sites are derived on a site-specific basis. The DOE residual radioactive material guideline Computer code, RESRAD, is used in these evaluations. This analysis investigates the effect of site-specific parameters on the guideline values (specifically distribution coefficient, depth of contamination, and area of contamination) for 17 FUSRAP sites. On the basis of site-specific parameters, guideline values for a subsistence farmer scenario in RESRAD varied by as much as a factor of 40. For a high distribution coefficient (greater than 100 cm{sup 3}/g) and a thick source (thickness greater than 100 cm), radon and plant ingestion pathways are very important. For these sites, maximum dose/source ratios would occur at 1,000 y or more following remediation. For low distribution coefficients, water dependent pathways become important because of the leaching of radionuclides. Maximum dose/source ratios would occur at different times depending on the travel times of the radionuclides through the unsaturated/saturated zones. For intermediate distribution coefficients (normally between 40-200 cm{sup 3}/g) and small contamination depths, dust inhalation and external exposure are important pathways, while for larger contamination depths, the plant ingestion pathway becomesmore » very important. The maximum dose/source ratios would occur immediately following remediation in both cases. For 17 FUSRAP sites, the size of most of the contaminated areas was greater than 3,000 m{sup 2}, and the guideline values were found to be insensitive to this parameter.« less
Management Risk Factors Associated with Calf Diarrhea in Michigan Dairy Herds (1993)

A study was conducted to examine the relationships between various dairy herd management practices and the monthly incidence density of calf diarrhea. The data were collected during a recent 2-yr prospective cohort study by the Michigan National Animal Health Monitoring System. The data were statistically analyzed, and predictive models were developed. For herds with 10 to 49 adults cows, variables predicting an increase in the incidence of diarrhea in calves were number of young stock in the herd, incidence of respiratory disease in calves, and cumulative incidence of vaccinations for calves to prevent diarrheal disease. Increased numbers of routine veterinary visits to the farm were associated with decreased incidence of calf diarrhea. For herds with 50 to 99 adult cows, the positive predictor variable was incidence of respiratory disease in calves. Negative predictor variables were used of individual calving areas and removal of bedding between calvings. For herds with 100 to 199 adult cows, positive predictor variables were cumulative incidence of vaccinations for calves to prevent diarrheal disease and number of young stock in the herd. For herds with > 200 adult cows, positive predictor variables were use of individual calving areas, number of routine veterinary visits to the farm, and incidence of respiratory disease in calves. These variables accounted for 13.1, 17.7, 7.4, and 64.2% of the variability in the incidence of calf diarrhea in the respective herd size groups.
Photoluminescence and Application of Nonlinear Optical Property of nc-Si-SiO2 Films (2006)

nc-Si-SiO2 films are prepared by RF magnetron sputtering technique and thermal annealing.The photoluminescence (PL) spectra at room temperature have 3 luminescent band peaks at 360,430,and 835nm,respectively.The PL mechanism is discussed in combination with absorption measurement,PL excitation,and X-ray diffraction.Passive Q-switched operation of Nd∶YAG lasers is demonstrated with a nc-Si-SiO2 film as a saturable absorber.
Pore Closing and Opening in Biodegradable Polymers and Their Effect on the Controlled Release of Proteins (2006)

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the phenomena of pore closing and opening in microspheres of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and PLGA-glucose star copolymer (PLGA-Glu) and their effects on protein release. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) to visually characterize the pore state and the uptake of dextran labeled with pH-insensitive probes by microspheres, as an indicator of pore connectivity. The effect of temperature on initial protein release from microspheres was also investigated. It was found that (1) pore closing occurs in both PLGA and PLGA-Glu; (2) pore closing can take place at later time during incubation at physiological condition (37 degrees C) as well as during the initial stage; (3) pore closing is much more significant at elevated temperatures; (4) previously isolated pores can become open by, for example, osmotic-mediated events; and (5) pore closing/opening correlates with the release rate of biomacromolecules from PLGA or PLGA-Glu microspheres. The pore closing/opening appeared potentially a universal event throughout the release period dictating the kinetics of protein release from PLGA microspheres. Hence, these results strongly suggest that open and isolated pores are able to toggle back-and-forth periodically during PLGA degradation while controlling protein release; these observations imply a novel new hypothesis concerning erosion-controlled release of biomacromolecules from PLGA and related polymers.
A Linear-Time Algorithm for Maxisum Facility Location on Tree Networks (1984)

This paper treats a topic in “obnoxious facility location,” namely the problem of locating a single facility in an n-vertex tree network so as to maximize the sum of its weighted distances from the vertices. It is shown that use of a suitable data structure permits a solution algorithm with computational effort O(n), an improvement over the O(n 2 ) required by a previously indicated procedure.