gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Immune Responses to Aerosol Challenge with Francisella tularensis in Mice Inoculated with Live Vaccine Candidates of Varying Efficacy (2010)

This is the first report characterizing local and systemic cytokine and chemokine responses in mice immunized with vaccines with different efficacies against aerosol challenge with virulent F. tularensis subsp. tularensis. It shows that increases in the levels of most of these immunomodulators, including those known to be critical for protective immunity, do not superficially correlate with protection unless adjusted for the effects of bacterial burden. Additionally, several cytokines were selectively suppressed in the lungs of naïve mice, suggesting that one mechanism of vaccine action is to overcome this pathogen-induced immunosuppression.
Innovative subsurface stabilization project -- Final Report (1996)

This is a report of results of applying four innovative grouting materials and one commercially available material for creating monoliths out of buried waste sites using jet grouting. The four innovative materials included a proprietary water-based epoxy, an Idaho National Engineering Laboratory-developed two-component grout that resembles hematite when cured with soil, molten low-temperature paraffin, and a proprietary iron oxide cement-based grout called TECT. The commercial grout was Type-H high-sulfate-resistant cement. These materials were tested in specially designed cold test pits that simulate buried transuranic waste at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. In addition to the grouting studies, specially designed field-scale permeameters were constructed to perform full-scale controlled mass balance hydraulic conductivity studies. An ungrouted field-scale permeameter contained simulated buried waste and soil and was left ungrouted, and a second identical field-scale permeameter was grouted with commercial-grade Type-H cement. The field demonstrations were performed in an area referred to as the Cold Test Pit at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The Cold Test Pit is adjacent to the laboratory`s Radioactive Waste Management Complex. At the complex, 2 million ft{sup 3} of transuranic waste is commingled with 6--8 million ft{sup 3} of soil in shallow land burial, and improving the confinement of this waste is one of the options for final waste disposition. This report gives results of grouting, coring, hydraulic conductivity, and destructive examination of the grouted buried waste matrix.
Subchannelization Performance for the Downlink of a Multi-cell OFDMA System (2007)

In this paper, different subchannelization modes for the downlink of a multi-cell OFDMA system are investigated. The frequency reuse factor is one. The subchannelization mode FUSC adopted in 802.16 is considered: frequency collision problem and partial loading are addressed. For a full loading factor, performances are compared with dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithms.
Design of CNFET based charge pump for RF energy harvesting applications (2015)

This paper proposes an ultra-low voltage charge pump circuit working at an input voltage as low as 100 mV. Most of the micro energy sources work typically in the voltage range of 100 mV. The proposed circuit provides an output voltage of 1 V which is sufficient enough to power low energy-consuming portable devices, biomedical applications such as body sensor networks and remote area monitoring wireless sensing networks.
Effect of streptozotocin on the ultrastructure of rat pancreatic islets (2004)

Our objective was to study the effects of three (30, 40, and 50 mg/kg) doses of Streptozotocin (STZ) on fasting plasma glucose level (FPG) and observe its effects at the cellular level in rat pancreas by electron microscopy. FPG was measured in rats before induction of diabetes and then on 3, 7, and 14 days after induction of diabetes with STZ. Keto diastix urine strips were used to check urine glucose and ketone bodies. Two weeks after the induction of diabetes, the rat pancreas was removed and fixed for light and electron microscopic studies. Three days after induction, the mean FPG level was 112 mg/dl in Group I (30 mg/kg STZ), 217 mg/dl in Group II (40 mg/kg STZ), and 376 mg/dl in Group III (50 mg/kg STZ). Histology was normal in Group I but revealed altered islet structure in Groups II and III. Ultrastructure revealed intact D cells in all three groups. The focal mitochondria and Golgi complex swelling found in A and B cells was occasional in Group I and frequent in Groups II and III. Swelling of other organelles and reduction in the size and number of granules was further observed in Group III. It is our conclusion that the 30-mg/kg body weight STZ produces mild changes while 50 mg/kg proves to be fatal. STZ at 40 mg/kg has a moderate effect on plasma glucose as well as on the islets of Langerhans at a cellular level.
<title>The Paths To Subhalf-Micrometer Optical Lithography</title> (1988)

The limitations of subhalf-micrometer optical lithography in depth of focus, field size, and overlay accuracy, are discussed. The existing depth of focus budget as well as those for the near and the ultimate future are given. The optical depth of focus is explored in the point of view of microlithographers and means to overcome the depth of focus limit are suggested. Field size requirement of projected IC products is compared with the capability of known and projected optical systems followed with a discussion on methods to overcome the field size limit. The configuration of imaging optics is characterized and discussed by 1X versus reduction systems, refractive versus catadioptric and reflective systems, step-and-repeat versus step-and-scan systems. Overlay accuracy is discussed in terms of off-axis versus through-the-lens alignment, bright-field versus dark-field, actinic versus nonactinic alignment, followed with an overlay budget outlining the specification of the contributors to alignment errors. If all speculations are fulfilled, it is feasible to consider 0.18 μm resolution with 0.07 μm overlay.
Spectral Investigation and <i>In Vitro</i> Antibacterial Evaluation of Ni <sup>II</sup> and Cu <sup>II</sup> Complexes of Schiff Base Derived from Amoxicillin and <i>α</i> ‐Formylthiophene ( <i>α</i> ft) (2015)

Two new metal complexes of general formula M(Ha α ft) 2 [M = Ni II and Cu II ] of asymmetrical Schiff base ligand (HL = Ha α ft) derived from amoxicillin and α ‐formylthiophene have been prepared and characterized by various physicochemical and spectral techniques. Molar conductance measurement indicates nonelectrolytic nature of the metal complexes. FT‐IR spectral study reveals the ligation of metal ions at two different nitrogen [NN] donor sites of Ha α ft. FT‐IR and electronic absorption spectral evidences suggest distorted tetrahedral and square planar geometry for Cu II and Ni II complexes, respectively. The structure optimization by molecular mechanics (MM) force field calculation through ArgusLab 4.0.1 version software also supports the concerned geometry of the complexes. The cell dimensions as suggested by XRPD study, a (6.753 Å), b (13.904 Å), c (20.122 Å), α (142.76°), β (106.580°), and γ (72.4343°) for Cu II and a (24.2547 Å), b (6.6371 Å), c (5.5047 Å) ( α = β = γ = 90°) for Ni II complexes, are in good agreement with their triclinic and orthorhombic crystal systems. Particle size calculation by Scherrer’s formula indicates nanocrystalline nature of the complexes. The antibacterial sensitivity study suggests promising activities of Ha α ft (Ligand) and M(Ha α ft) 2 complexes against four clinical pathogenic bacteria, namely, E. coli , P. vulgaris , P. aeruginosa , and S. aureus , though being less active than the standard drug amikacin.
Presentation of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - Symptoms and Signs (1970)

A cross-sectional study was carried out in the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, during the period of July, 1992 to June, 1993, which was designed to see the presentation and physical examination findings of atrial septal defect (ASD) patients in our population. A total of 60 ASD patients were included in the study, whose diagnoses were confirmed with echocardiography. Evaluation of the patients showed that 15 % of the patients were asymptomatic and they were detected incidentally. Common symptoms were shortness of breath on exertion (SOBE), Fatigue, palpitation, chest pain and recurrent respiratory infection (RTI). Common physical findings were left parasternal lift, loud first heart sound (S1), fixed splitting of second heart sound (S2) and ejection systolic murmur in pulmonary area. It was observed that all the symptoms and signs in our population correlate well with others.Key words: Atrial septal defect; symptoms and signs; echocardiography. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v20i1.8564 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2011; 20(1) : 9-11
Partitioning in 3D ICs: A TSV aware strategy with area balancing (2012)

3D ICs offer an attractive alternative to 2D planar ICs. They provide increased system integration by either increasing functionality or combining different technologies. Using 3D ICs allows for integrating the best technology for a particular portion of an application into the chip cube. For 3D designs to achieve their full potential, it is necessary to devise appropriate physical design strategies that can handle the complexities and new objectives specific to 3D design. Netlist partitioning is an important part of the physical design strategy that partitions the entire netlist into multiple partitions to be assigned to multiple tiers during design. Although there are research works concerned with placement and routing in 3D ICs, not a great deal of research work addressed this particular phase of physical design strategy. This work proposes a netlist partitioning strategy to partition the entire netlist into a number of tiers while considering minimization of inter-tier interconnection as well as area balancing. The novelty of this strategy is that even considering 1000 logic modules, the variation of the area between different tiers does not exceed 0.46% and the number of inter-tier interconnections is also within 27. Minimization of the number of inter-tier interconnections leads to minimization of area as well since the inter-tier interconnections are implemented using Through-Silicon Vias (TSV) which consume a lot of area.
2-Pyridon-1-yl diphenyl phosphate. A useful new reagent for the synthesis of amides and peptides (1986)

S. Kim and S. S. Kim, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 719 DOI: 10.1039/C39860000719
Optical measurement of acoustic resonance frequencies in HID lamps (2002)

The operation of high-pressure discharge lamps at higher than line frequencies can be hindered by acoustic resonance. Designers of electronic ballasts have been interested in determining the frequencies of destabilizing resonances to avoid in the lamps, or conversely, the allowed frequency bands and threshold levels for modulation components in the lamp power. Acoustic resonance frequencies have previously been measured by a number of techniques, including external sound measurement and visual observation of arc instabilities. An unobtrusive acoustic frequency measurement technique is presented in this paper. The small-signal frequency response of fluctuations in light intensity, as measured with a broadband photodiode, to lamp power with intentionally introduced bandlimited noise can be used to probe the acoustic frequencies without major disruption of the operating lamp. The purpose of this paper is to explain, in detail, the experimental technique and its usefulness. The experimental setup and procedure are described. Measured frequency responses, from 10 kHz to 60 kHz, are presented for selected metal halide lamps. This work is put in context with past experimental and theoretical efforts.
Synthesis and characterization of FeCo nanowires with high coercivity (2015)

Ferromagnetic FeCo nanocrystals with high coercivity have been synthesized using a reductive decomposition method. The sizes and shapes of the nanocrystals were found to be dependent on reaction parameters such as the surfactant ratio, the precursor concentration and the heating rate. Synthesized nanocrystals have a body-centered cubic crystal structure for both particles and nanowires and the (110) crystalline direction is along the long axis of the nanowires. The coercivity and magnetization of the FeCo nanocrystals are found to be dependent on morphology. Nanowires of Fe60Co40 with saturation magnetization of 92 emu g(-1) and coercive force of 1.2 kOe have been obtained in this study.
Release and Resumption of Jurisdiction Over Consent Decrees in Structural Reform Litigation (1987)

Courts in the United States wield enormous power over other American institutions.In recent years, federal judges have used this power to decree, often with the consent of the parties, extensive structural reform in such diverse areas as employment practices, prison conditions, environmental cleanup, and the treatment of mentally ill or retarded persons.'These court orders often affect the daily lives of ordinary citizens, provoking heated debate and passionate rhetoric within the community, ranging from claims that federal courts carry the moral mandate of the Almighty to angry cries that unelected federal judges are ruining local institutions. 2Critics and advocates of
Study of tumor suppressor genes p53 and Rb in acute myelogenous leukemia (1992)

Loss of antiproliferative function of p53 by point mutation occurred frequently in various solid tumors. However, the genetic change of p53 by deletion or point mutation was a rare event (6%) in the cells of 49 AML patients analyzed by single-stranded conformation polymorphism and sequencing. Despite infrequent point mutation, abundant levels of p53 protein were detected in 75% of AML patients studied by immunoprecipitation with p53 specific antibodies. Furthermore, p53 protein in most cases had an altered conformation as analyzed by the reactivity to PAb240 which recognizes mutant p53; p53 protein in mitogen stimulated normal lymphocytes also had similar altered conformation. This altered conformation may be another mechanism for inactivation of p53 function in the growth stimulated environment. Some evidence indicated that posttranslational modification by phosphorylation may contribute to the conformational change of p53. Retinoblastoma (Rb) gene inactivation by deletion, rearrangement or mutation has also been implicated in many types of solid tumors. Our studies showed that absence or low levels of Rb protein were observed in more than 20% of AML patients at diagnosis, and the low levels of Rb correlated with shorter survival of patients. The absence of Rb protein was due to gene inactivation in some cases and to abnormal regulation of Rb expression in others.
Clinical and Biochemical Abnormalities in People Heterozygous for Hemochromatosis (1996)

The phenotype of persons heterozygous for hemochromatosis differs from that of normal subjects, but complications due to iron overload alone in these heterozygotes are extremely rare.
Gene order of the TOL catabolic plasmid upper pathway operon and oxidation of both toluene and benzyl alcohol by the xylA product (1986)

TOL plasmid pWW0 specifies enzymes for the oxidative catabolism of toluene and xylenes. The upper pathway converts the aromatic hydrocarbons to aromatic carboxylic acids via corresponding alcohols and aldehydes and involves three enzymes: xylene oxygenase, benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase. The synthesis of these enzymes is positively regulated by the product of xylR. Determination of upper pathway enzyme levels in bacteria carrying Tn5 insertion mutant derivatives of plasmid pWW0-161 has shown that the genes for upper pathway enzymes are organized in an operon with the following order: promoter-xylC (benzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene[s])-xylA (xylene oxygenase gene[s])-xylB (benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene). Subcloning of the upper pathway genes in a lambda pL promoter-containing vector and analysis of their expression in Escherichia coli K-12 confirmed this order. Two distinct enzymes were found to attack benzyl alcohol, namely, xylene oxygenase and benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase; and their catalytic activities were additive in the conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. The fact that benzyl alcohol is both a product and a substrate of xylene oxygenase indicates that this enzyme has a relaxed substrate specificity.
Design of Pavement Structures: The French Technical Guide (1996)

Until recently in France the design of pavement structures was specified in catalogs of standard structures in which course thicknesses are fixed according to the traffic category and subgrade load-bearing capacity. This type of document is appropriate when the constituent materials of the pavements and their mechanical performance are predefined and investment strategies are firmly established. During the past 10 years the technical and economic context in France has changed considerably. The standardization of road products and materials has introduced material classes characterized by their mechanical performance, and road management has been transferred from state to local authorities and has been accompanied by a differentiation in the various owners' investment and maintenance strategies. Catalogs of existing pavement structures have had to be supplemented through an approach that made it possible to set the parameters for the mechanical properties of materials and pavement investment strategies. The publication of the French technical guide for the design of pavement structures serves as such a supplement. This manual makes explicit the mechanistic approach in use for many years in France. The basic concepts, design criteria, and application of this method are described, and examples for asphalt and cement-concrete pavements are provided.
Effective Treatment of an Unhealed Incision of a Diabetic Patient with Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor (2015)

A facile protocol, which involves topical application of recombinant human Epidermal Growth Factor (rhEGF), was previously developed by our group and shown to be effective in treating diabetic foot ulcers, when working in conjunction with debridement surgery. In this communication, using the same approach of rhEGF application, despite the absence of debridement, our findings demonstrated that the protocol worked equally well on a hard-to-heal wound, which remained unhealed subsequent to surgical removal of the great saphenous vein from the left thigh of a diabetic patient. After treatment with rhEGF for 10 d, the wound was shown to heal readily and finally achieved complete healing. The success of rhEGF in the healing process is concluded to be attributable to both the fine quality and sufficient dosage of rhEGF.
Drug-eluting stent: a review and update (2005)

The development of stent has been a major advance in the treatment of obstructive coronary artery disease since the introduction of balloon angioplasty. However, neointimal hyperplasia occurring within the stent leading to in-stent restenosis is a main obstacle in the long-term success of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The recent introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES) contributes a major breakthrough to interventional cardiology. Many large randomized clinical trials using DES have shown a remarkable reduction in angiographic restenosis and target vessel revascularization when compared with bare metal stents. The results of these trials also appear to be supported by evidence from everyday practice and non-controlled clinical trials. However, the expanded applications of DES, especially in treating complex lesions such as left main trunk, bifurcation, saphenous vein graft lesions, or in-stent restenosis, are still under evaluation with ongoing studies. With the availability of different types of DES in the market, the issue of cost should not be a deterrent and DES will eventually be an economically viable option for all patients. The adoption of DES in all percutaneous coronary intervention may become a reality in the near future. In this review article, we summarize the recent development and progress of DES as well as compare and update the results of clinical trials.
Smac/DIABLO Selectively Reduces the Levels of c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 but Not That of XIAP and Livin in HeLa Cells (2004)

The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins bind and inhibit caspases via their baculovirus IAP repeat domains. Some of these IAPs are capable of ubiquitinating themselves and their interacting proteins through the ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase activity of their RING domain. The Drosophila IAP antagonists Reaper, Hid, and Grim can accelerate the degradation of Drosophila IAP1 and some mammalian IAPs by promoting their ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase activity. Here we show that Smac/DIABLO, a mammalian functional homolog of Reaper/Hid/Grim, selectively causes the rapid degradation of c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 but not XIAP and Livin in HeLa cells, although it efficiently promotes the auto-ubiquitination of them all. Smac binding to c-IAP via its N-terminal IAP-binding motif is the prerequisite for this effect, which is further supported by the findings that Smac N-terminal peptide is sufficient to enhance c-IAP1 ubiquitination, and Smac no longer promotes the ubiquitination of mutant c-IAP1 lacking all three baculovirus IAP repeat domains. In addition, different IAPs require the same ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UbcH5a and UbcH6 for their ubiquitination. Taken together, Smac may serve as a key molecule in vivo to selectively reduce the protein level of c-IAPs through the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway.
Pilot project to estimate the centralized volt/VAr control effectiveness (1998)

This paper describes a volt/VAr control (VVC) project in which a centralized network-model based VVC was put in place to control a 13.8 kV distribution subsystem. The goal of the project is to estimate the effectiveness of VVC based on different objective functions, including an objective function for future market economy (revenue maximization). The technical issues which are critical to implementing VVC are discussed. The effectiveness of VVC for energy conservation and revenue maximization is calculated as an effect due to the immediate (within the span of a few minutes) load to voltage response. This effect is compared with the actual effect calculated based on a fifteen minutes average archived telemetered data.
Mesh-based decoder-side motion estimation (2010)

Current video coding standards like H.264|AVC perform a block-based motion estimation and compensation at the encoder to exploit temporal dependencies between consecutive frames. Current research proved that motion compensation can also be done profitably at the decoder. In this so-called decoder-side motion estimation (DSME), frames are interpolated at the decoder and inserted into the reference buffer as additional information for prediction. To gather the motion information for compensation, the current approach is based on a block matching algorithm estimating one motion vector for each block of the frame to be interpolated. Therefore, only translational movement is compensated. We evaluate the applicability of a mesh-based motion compensation to DSME which models affine motion in each patch of the mesh and is able to compensate camera zooming or panning, object rotation, or object deformation.
Applications for Asphalt Modification (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Hot Mix Asphalt Paving Asphalt Specification In-line Injection (Pump-in) Paving with Asphalt Emulsion Applications of Asphalt Emulsions Asphalt Emulsion Tests Polymer Honeycomb Structure in Cured Asphalt Emulsion Asphalt Emulsion Residue Characterization Application Tests for Chip Seal and Microsurfacing Eco-efficiency Analysis Concluding Remarks