gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Flat-Passband Multi/Demultiplexer Using Multi-Input Arrayed Waveguide Grating Combined With Cascaded Mach–Zehnder Interferometers (2007)

We demonstrate multi/demultiplexers with a very flat passband and small excess loss using a multi-input arrayed waveguide grating combined with a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure. We also analyze the impact of coupling between input waveguides just before the input slab on chromatic dispersion and investigate a waveguide structure for reducing the chromatic dispersion. We fabricated flat-passband multi/ demultiplexers with 100-GHz channel spacing using 2.5%-Delta silica waveguides and experimentally investigated the dependence of their optical characteristics on design parameters to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical model. We obtained a very flat passband response having a 1-dB bandwidth of 0.645-0.658 nm and 20-dB bandwidth of 0.944-0.960 nm with a loss penalty due to the passband-flattening of 0.9-1.0 dB and chromatic dispersion of -22.1-17.5 ps/nm over 0.5 nm in the passband. The measured passband shape and chromatic dispersion generally agreed with the simulation results.
Comparative study on training programs for talents-in-support of professional football clubs in China and foreign countries. (2009)

The authors compared backup talent cultivation mechanisms of professional football clubs in China and foreign countries,and revealed the following findings: there is a big difference in such mechanisms between profes-sional football clubs in China and foreign countries – foreign clubs have multiple ways for backup talent selection,more scientific training mechanisms,more diversified competition types,more game times,genuinely strengthened cultural education for young players,and multiple ways out for players,while clubs in China have fewer ways for player selection,less scientific training,fewer competition types,fewer game times,insufficient concern about cul-tural education for players,fewer ways out for players to choose from,and these problems have restricted the qual-ity of backup talent cultivation carried out by profession football clubs in China.
SOLIDIS: a tool for microactuator simulation in 3-D (1997)

SOLIDIS is an engineering software tool tailored for the coupled three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of microactuators. Surface electrostatic forces, thermomechanics, and piezoelectric effects are correctly treated. The solution algorithms implemented enable efficient and accurate static analysis and optimization of MEMS actuators. Adaptive mesh refinement results in near-optimal meshes in the sense of achieving maximum accuracy for a given number of mesh nodes. A zone partitioning scheme permits efficient simulation of complex actuator structures. Additional key issues are mesh updating using a Monte Carlo algorithm to account for the actuator's movement and the application of smoothing algorithms for the extraction of accurate electrostatic forces.
A new method to visualize and characterize the pore structure of TENCEL® (Lyocell) and other man‐made cellulosic fibres using a fluorescent dye molecular probe (2007)

Abstract The internal porous structures of the man‐made cellulosic fibers Lyocell (TENCEL®), Modal, and Viscose fibers were visualized by applying fluorescence microscopy on fiber cross sections. The fiber pore structure was probed by the optical brightener Uvitex BHT, and the dye penetration depth was measured. The main differences in the pore structures of these three fiber types could be visualized. Only TENCEL shows a significant difference between dried and never‐dried fibers. A fiber structure model of TENCEL was obtained, which discriminates three different porous zones with respect to dye diffusion kinetics. The results are discussed in relationship with the fiber physical and chemical properties. The dye penetration depth and kinetics in TENCEL fibers was found to be sensitive to the production and treatment conditions, in particular to changes in the pore system by drying, and following alkali swelling processes. The performance of surface‐specific enzymatic peeling could also be observed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
A CMOS Spiking Neuron for Brain-Inspired Neural Networks With Resistive Synapses and <italic>In Situ</italic> Learning (2015)

Nanoscale resistive memory devices are expected to fuel dense integration of electronic synapses for large-scale neuromorphic systems. To realize such a brain-inspired computing chip, a compact CMOS spiking neuron that performs in situ learning and computing while driving a large number of resistive synapses is desired. This brief presents a novel leaky integrate-and-fire neuron design that implements the dual-mode operation of current integration and synaptic drive, with a single operational amplifier (opamp) and enables in situ learning with crossbar resistive synapses. The proposed design was implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology. Measurements show neuron's ability to drive a thousand resistive synapses and demonstrate in situ associative learning. The neuron circuit occupies a small area of 0.01 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and has an energy efficiency value of 9.3 pJ/spike/synapse.
A DSP-based system for the detection of vehicles parked in prohibited areas (2007)

In this paper, a system for automatic robust video surveillance is described and in particular its application to the problem of locating vehicles that stop in prohibited area is discussed. The structure of software for video processing (alarm generation, interface with the operator and information storage) is outlined together with the hardware (Trimedia DSP boards and industrial computers) which constitutes an industrial-grade product. The emphasis on this paper is to demonstrate robust detection and hence we show the results of a performance evaluation process carried out with the UK's i-LIDS "Parked Vehicle " reference dataset.
Rapid 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing from a single colony without DNA extraction or purification. (1991)

Ribosomal RNA sequences are useful for establishing phylogenetic relationships, for oligonucleotide probes and for characterization of uncultured organisms. We describe rapid ribosomal DNA sequencing using PCR with transcript sequencing. Nucleic acid specificity at three steps (amplification, transcription and sequencing) eliminated the need for nucleic acid extraction or purification. Sequence was obtained from a crude lysate from a single colony of bacteria. The basic sequencing method should be adaptable to provide rapid sequence information in a wide variety of applications.
Vpr of simian immunodeficiency virus of African green monkeys is required for replication in macaque macrophages and lymphocytes (1997)

The genomes of simian immunodeficiency viruses isolated from African green monkeys (SIVagm) contain a single accessory gene homolog of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vpr. This genomic organization differs from that of SIVsm-SIVmac-HIV-2 group viruses, which contain two gene homologs, designated vpr and vpx, which in combination appear to share the functions of HIV-1 vpr. The in vitro role of the SIVagm homolog was evaluated with molecularly cloned, pathogenic SIVagm9063-2. These studies revealed that this gene shares properties of HIV-1 vpr, such as nuclear and virion localization. In addition, SIVagm mutants with inactivating mutations of vpr are unable to replicate in nondividing cells, such as macaque monocyte-derived macrophages, but replicate to almost wild-type levels in a susceptible human T-cell line. The transport of virus preintegration complexes into the nucleus in primary macrophages, as measured by the production of unintegrated circular viral DNA, is less efficient for the mutant viruses than it is for the wild-type virus. SIVagm mutants also replicate inefficiently in primary macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with a propensity for substitutions that remove the inserted inactivating stop codon. These data, in conjunction with recent findings that the Vpr protein is capable of inducing G2 arrest, are consistent with designation of this SIVagm accessory gene as vpr to reflect its shared functions and properties with HIV-1 vpr.
Inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemic cells by the granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor analogue E21R (1996)

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a malignancy that almost inevitably leads to death before adulthood. Chemotherapy has given disappointing results and a substantial number of patients relapse after bone marrow transplantation. A salient feature of this disease is that the JMML cells produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) spontaneously and survive and proliferate without exogeneous GM-CSF. Furthermore, JMML cells are hypersensitive to GM-CSF with addition of this cytokine leading to enhanced proliferation. We have recently generated a human GM-CSF analogue, E21R, that acts as a complete and selective GM-CSF receptor antagonist. We have now tested this molecule as a potential new agent to control the leukemic cell load in JMML with particular emphasis on its role in JMML cell survival. We found that E21R inhibited the spontaneous growth of JMML cells in vitro and caused their apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in seven of seven cases. In contrast, neither a neutralizing anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody (MoAb) nor a selective interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist affected JMML cell survival. Furthermore, the apoptotic effect of E21R was seen even in the presence of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of JMML. The inhibitory effects of E21R on JMML cell growth and viability offer a novel approach to therapy in this lethal childhood leukemia.
An Alternatively Spliced Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)-5 mRNA Is Abundant in Brain and Translates into a Partial Agonist/Antagonist for FGF-5 Neurotrophic Activity (1998)

We detected in the brain and then cloned two novel, short forms of human and mouse fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-5 mRNA, which were designated human FGF-5S (hFGF-5S) and mouse FGF-5S (mFGF-5S), respectively. Genomic analysis indicated that mFGF-5S and authentic mFGF-5 mRNAs were transcribed from a single gene; hFGF-5S and mFGF-5S mRNAs were generated by excluding the second exon of the respective FGF-5 genes, and the alternatively spliced mRNAs encoded for 123- and 121-amino acid proteins, respectively. Indeed, a neuron-like cell line expressing mFGF-5S mRNA secreted a protein of the expected size and with FGF-5 antigenicity. In PC12 cells, expression of hFGF-5 or exposure to hFGF-5 protein induced differentiation. Neither expression of hFGF-5S, alone, nor co-expression of hFGF-5S with hFGF-5 induced significant differentiation. At high concentrations, hFGF-5S protein partially antagonized FGF-5 activity, whereas by itself, hFGF-5S exerted very weak neurotrophic activity. hFGF-5S protein binds to FGF receptor (FGFR)-1 on PC12 transfectants and partially inhibits hFGF-5-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of FGFR-1 and an FGFR substrate, but it also induces phosphorylation by itself. These results suggest that FGF-5S is a naturally expressed partial agonist/antagonist of FGF-5 neurotrophic activity in the brain and that its effects are exerted in part at the level of the receptor.
Expression of porcine transforming growth factor-beta. (1995)

Altered porcine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-B)-cDNA was ligated to the expression vector. The resultant plasmid, pSA10041 was cotransfected with pSV2neo plasmid in NIH3T3 cells and clones were selected using G418. The clones were checked for integration of TGF-B-cDNA by PCR. The western blotting results confirm the expression of TGF-B in NIH3T3 cells. This construct can be used to develop transgenic mice to study its effect in vivo.
PCNA-Ub polyubiquitination inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell-cycle checkpoints (2016)

In response to replication-blocking lesions, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) can be sequentially ubiquitinated at the K164 residue leading to 2 modes of DNA-damage tolerance, namely translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and error-free lesion bypass. Ectopic expression of PCNA fused with ubiquitin (Ub) lacking the 2 C-terminal Gly residues resembles PCNA monoubiquitination-mediated TLS. However, if the fused Ub contains C-terminal Gly residues, it is further polyubiquitinated and inhibits cell proliferation. Unexpectedly, the polyubiquitination chain does not require any surface Lys residues and is likely to be head-to-tail linked. Such PCNA polyubiquitination interferes with replication, arrests cells at the S-phase and activates the p53 checkpoint pathway. The above cell-cycle arrest is reversible in an ATR-dependent manner, as simultaneous inhibition of ATR, but not ATM, induces apoptosis. Since ectopic expression of PCNA-Ub also induces double-strand breaks that colocalize with single-stranded DNA, we infer that this non-canonical PCNA poly-Ub chain serves as a signal to activate ATR checkpoint and recruit double-strand-break repair apparatus.
Versatile algorithms for accurate indoor geolocation (2009)

This paper tackles the challenging problem of accurate indoor geolocation for UWB systems in hazardous multipath environments through three versatile super resolution techniques: time domain MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification), frequency domain MUSIC algorithms and frequency domain EV (Eigen Value) method. The resultant pseudo-spectrums generated by these algorithms can be used for positioning in both LOS (through accurate time delay estimation) and Non-LOS (by using the resolved multipath profile as a fingerprint for location based fingerprinting techniques) environments. The impact of Eigen value de-weighting on multipath resolvability is demonstrated and its practical implications highlighted. The superior noise immunity of the time domain MUSIC algorithm is verified and introduced as a prime candidate for noisy Non-LOS environments. Finally the spectral leakage effect of the time domain MUSIC algorithm is used to our advantage to generate variants of the algorithm to provide better positioning accuracy for relatively low bandwidth conditions.
FORMATION AND PHASE BEHAVIOR OF WATER-IN-DIESEL OIL MICROEMULSION WITH SODIUM OLEATE AND CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE (1996)

ABSTRACT The phase behavior and solubilization of multiphase microemulsions in mixed anionic-calionic surfactant systems were studied for fixed ratios of water to diesel oil and surfactant to alcohol. In the mixed surfactants (sodium oleate + cctyltrimcthylammonium bromide) /diesel oil/ alcohol/water systems, microcmulsion and birefringent phases are formed by adjusting the surfactant ratio e and the cationic weight fraction δ The bicontmuous—→birefringent→o/w microcmulsion transition takes place with dilution for i-pentanol-containing systems. The birefringent region shrinks rapidly with increasing alcohol and/or CTAB weight fractions in total surfactant concentration. The normal solution→w/o microemulsion transition for n-hcxanol systems and only w/o microemulsion for n-octanol systems were observed along the dilution with diesel oil and water. And microemulsion domain enlarges with increasing ∊ for three alcohol systems. The optimum surfactant concentration γ increases and the corresponding optimum δ decreases with increasing e and the optimum γdecreases with increasing the alcohol chain length from i-pentanol to n-octanol and the optimum δ decreases in the order of i-pentanol > n-octanol > n-hexanol. Conductivity measurements have been performed in the single phase region of the system containing mixed-surfactants and alcohols at 25°C. The conductivity results indicate where a transition takes place and which these different types of phase structure may be in the single-phase of the system containing anionic-cationic mixed-surfactants. Notes To whom correspondence should be addressed. Present address: Department of Basic Courses, Gansu Agricultural University.
<i>Venturia inaequalis</i>Resistance in Apple (2006)

Abstract Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis has evoked the interest for quite different reasons of scientists, agronomists, producers and consumers since over a century. Consumers select spotless apples, producers want to avoid damage, agronomists are asked to develop and implement control measures mostly based on fungicides, scientists are challenged to find cheaper and less questioned control measures. Under these premises a high number of publications have appeared dealing with almost all aspects of the interaction V. inaequalis-Malus. This review considers the advances of the past 10 years due to new genetic tools. It tries to reevaluate and value earlier works. The complex genetic of scab resistance in Malus is viewed in the context of single resistance genes, QTLs and functional interactions at molecular level. Consequences for breeding and for the creation of genetically modified apples are discussed. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank Dr. M. Kellerhals, Agroscope, Changins-Wädenswil, Switzerland and Dr. C.E. Durel, INRA-Angers, France, for providing some of the pictures of Figure 1. Notes a The differential hosts for race 2 and 6 in CitationBus et al. (2005b) were TSR34T15 and Prima. b n.a. = data not available. ∗M = Monogenic; P = Polygenic. a Resistance gene allelic to Vf determined by progeny tests. b Data not available.
High tibial osteotomy for varus gonarthrosis. A long-term follow-up study. (1984)

We evaluated the results in eighty-three patients (ninety-five knees) who had had a high tibial osteotomy for either unicompartmental osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis. The operations were performed between 1965 and 1976. The mean length of follow-up was 8.9 years (range, five to fifteen years). The early results were promising: at two years 97 per cent and at five years 85 per cent of the knees had either an excellent or a good result. At subsequent follow-up, however, only sixty knees (63 per cent) had an excellent or good result, and in the remainder recurrent pain had developed. Twenty-two knees (23 per cent) had been revised to a total knee arthroplasty because of pain. The alignment obtained by the osteotomy was not as important in determining the long-term result as we had previously believed. Although recurrent varus deformity was observed in more than one-quarter of the knees, it was not necessarily associated with an unsatisfactory result. The passage of time was the most important factor in determining the result, as only fifteen (37 per cent) of the knees that had been followed for more than nine years were pain-free. We now believe that total knee arthroplasty is a more suitable operation for patients who are more than sixty years old and that high tibial osteotomy should be reserved for patients who have a strenuous occupation or who wish to continue to participate in sports activities.
Genesis XLIX. 10: an Exegetical Study (2012)

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Dual role of cGMP in modulation of macromolecule permeability of aortic endothelial cells (1997)

The effect of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) on cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics and associated alterations in macromolecule permeability was investigated in cultured monolayers of aortic endothelial cells. Addition of the membrane-permeable cGMP analogue 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-BrcGMP, 5 x 10(-4)M) or activators of the soluble (3-morpholinosydnonimine, 10(-5) M) or the particulate guanylyl cyclase (atrial natriuretic peptide, 10(-7) M) to unstimulated monolayers led to a decrease in permeability (8-BreGMP: 62 +/- 8% of control) without affecting low basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i, 87 +/- 8 nM). In contrast, under conditions of elevated [Ca2+]i (503 +/- 95 nM) and increased permeability (155 +/- 7% of control) induced by 10(-6) M ionomycin, 8-BrcGMP, 3-morpholinosydnonimine, or atrial natriuretic peptide provoked a further increase in permeability (8-BrcGMP: 255 +/- 27%). These agents failed to increase permeability when added before or after the ionomycin-triggered transitory rise in [Ca2+]i. The increase in permeability in response to 8-BrcGMP was due to a secondary further rise in [Ca2+]i (758 +/- 87 nM), which was abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, indicating influx of exogenous Ca2+ as the cause. Changes in [Ca2+]i and permeability were inhibited, in the presence of the Rp diastereomer of 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate (2 x 10(-5) M), an inhibitor of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase. These findings show that, depending on [Ca2+]i, cGMP can play opposite roles in endothelial permeability in one and the same cell preparation.
The geological selection of drilling fluids in horizontal wells (1998)

The drilling of horizontal wells has led to new demands on drilling fluid design. Less damaging drill-in fluids are formulated after extensive geological testing of the productive formation. This paper describes the main tests undertaken and some of the fluids commercially available. Geological analysis of the formation is followed by the testing of a proposed fluid, including extended exposures of the formation and fluid in conditions imitating those found downhole. Potential production impact is assessed by a return permeability test. With a clear understanding of what causes formation damage, drill-in fluid chemistry and properties can be engineered to prevent damage. Glycol, formate and sized calcium carbonate particle technologies are described.
A Balancing Strategy and Implementation of Current Equalizer for High Power LED Backlighting (2007)

This paper presents a current equalizer to balance the driving currents for high power LEDs (light emitting diode). The proposed strategy combined PWM strategy and digital dimming control to achieve the same illumination for each driven diodes. To obtain the same average current, the duty cycle of LEDs is modulated according to its current amplitude instead of traditional current amplitude adjusting. Complete mathematical analysis and design considerations are detailed. The experimental results are close to the theoretical predictions, and the measured tolerance errors are all below 4%.
4D Inversion constrained by geological and dynamical information (2011)

We present a new technique for inverting 4D seismic data constrained by dynamics and geology. The inversion is first performed at well positions where all the constraints are set and afterwards extended to the full 3D dataset. The geological and dynamical constraints are set in the model definition i.e. a layered description of the geology (with permeable and non permeable layers) which may be different at each well. This information is then propagated concurrently from each well to the whole dataset. The way the inversion is posed prevents from side lobes effect and enables to discriminate density and velocity effects (P in the case of post‐stack data and P&S in the case of prestack). The more reliable information is the P velocity since it affects both reflectivity and travel time.
QuikClot Use in Trauma for Hemorrhage Control: Case Series of 103 Documented Uses (2008)

QuikClot has been effectively used by a wide range of providers in the field and hospital to control hemorrhage.