gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Malignant‐lesion segmentation using 4D co‐occurrence texture analysis applied to dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance breast image data (2007)

This study shows that a neural network classifier based on 4D texture analysis inputs can achieve a performance comparable to that achieved by human observers, and that further research in this area is warranted.
Reducing sugars trigger oxidative modification and apoptosis in pancreatic <i>β</i>-cells by provoking oxidative stress through the glycation reaction (1996)

Several reducing sugars brought about apoptosis in isolated rat pancreatic islet cells and in the pancreatic beta-cell-derived cell line HIT. This apoptosis was characterized biochemically by inter-nucleosomal DNA cleavage and morphologically by nuclear shrinkage, chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, an antioxidant, and aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of the glycation reaction, inhibited this apoptosis. We also showed directly that proteins in beta-cells were actually glycated by using an antibody which can specifically recognize proteins glycated by fructose, but not by glucose. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis using dichlorofluorescein diacetate showed that reducing sugars increased intracellular peroxide levels prior to the induction of apoptosis. Levels of carbonyl, an index of oxidative modification, and of malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation product, were also increased. Taken together, these results suggest that reducing sugars trigger oxidative modification and apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cells by provoking oxidative stress mainly through the glycation reaction, which may explain the deterioration of beta-cells under conditions of diabetes.
Laminated turbo codes (2005)

In this paper we introduce a new coding scheme - so-called laminated turbo codes. It is characterized by a block-convolutional structure that enables us to combine the advantages of a convolutional encoder memory and a block-oriented decoding method. We show that this block-convolutional structure is superior in terms of its error correction capability compared to the pure block structure of the corresponding self-concatenated code. Comparisons to turbo codes and multiple turbo codes are also included. Finally, the impact of the inter-block memory is investigated.
A low on-resistance high voltage soi ligbt with oxide trench in drift region and hole bypass gate configuration (2006)

This work reports a SOI LIGBT with hole-bypassing gate configuration and oxide trench in drift region that reduces the device pitch to approximately the half of the conventional LIGBTs. The device shows a specific on-resistance of 330 mOmegamiddotmm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> that reaches the silicon-limit at 200V breakdown voltage, at an effective gate drive of 4.0V and a current density of 1000A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> . The proposed device can drastically improve the cost-performance of PDP scan driver ICs by replacing the conventional LIGBTs
Inductive Output Tubes — Status and Future Direction (2002)

Invented in 1938, at the same time as the klystron, it took the Inductive Output Tube (IOT) more than 40 years to surface as a useful device. Its progress after that event was rapid. Though plagued by teething problems in the beginning, it has since replaced the klystron as a TV amplifier in UHF, and it holds its own against the solid‐state competition in that application. The IOT also shows much promise as a high‐power amplifier, but early developments in this direction have remained solitary events so far. The paper discusses the causes and the potential of the device for future high‐power applications.
Low supply voltage, low quiescent current, ULDO linear regulator (2002)

In this paper a new monolithic Ultra Low Drop-Out (ULDO) linear regulator developed in BCD (Bipolar CMOS, DMOS) technology, 5th generation, is described. It is able to deliver an output current up to 5 A with 150 mV drop-out voltage on the series element at a supply voltage down to 2 V The new regulator has been designed to reduce the quiescent and stand-by currents without degradation of the load transients performance and to guarantee an output voltage high accuracy, better than 1%, thanks to a new trimming structure. 200 /spl mu/A quiescent current and a very low stand-by current, up to 2 /spl mu/A, make the devices suitable for microprocessor applications such as Pentium, cellular phones, automotive and in all applications where power management and stand-by features are needed.
High-Speed InP-Based p-i-n Photodiodes With InGaAs/GaAsSb Type-II Quantum Wells (2018)

We present and discuss the performance characteristics of InP-based p-i-n photodiodes (PDs) with InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II multiple quantum wells absorption regions designed to absorb light at mid-infrared wavelengths. Top-illuminated and waveguide-integrated PDs are fabricated with dark currents as low as 100 nA at -2 V, an external responsivity as high as 0.27 A/W at 2 μm and 0.3 A/W at 1.55 μm, and a 3-dB bandwidth of 3.5 GHz at 2 μm.
Metal clusters in zeolites: an intriguing class of catalysts (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleMetal clusters in zeolites: an intriguing class of catalystsWolfgang M. H. SachtlerCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1993, 26, 7, 383–387Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00031a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00031a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views973Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of lithographic imaging performance by optical area measurement (2002)

We present a new technique for accurate and fast evaluation of lithographic imaging performance at critical dimensions (CDs) of 100 nm and below. Its advantages over traditional methods that use either SEM or electrical CD metrologies are based on two key factors. First, it exploits a specially designed mark corresponding to a particular CD. Second, instead of mark dimensions the mark image irradiance is measured with a CCD TV camera. In combination, these provide an easy-to-implement and inexpensive technique for controlling exposure tool imaging performance. In actual application, best focus determination shows a repeatability of less than 5 nm.
PKCS #9: Selected Object Classes and Attribute Types Version 2.0 (2000)

This memo represents a republication of PKCS #9 v2.0 from RSA Laboratories' Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) series, and change control is retained within the PKCS process. The body of this document, except for the security considerations section, is taken directly from that specification.
Nanoparticle delivery: Small 14/2009 (2009)

The cover image depicts two modes of functionalized nanoparticle delivery for single-cell studies using a versatile nanofountain probe (NFP). NFPs are scanning probes with integrated microfluidics, enabling both direct-write nanopatterning and direct/in vitro/injection of functional nanoparticles. The NFP is used to pattern dot arrays of chemotherapy-drug-conjugated nanodiamonds with sub-100-nm resolution on glass substrates for subsequent cell culture and precise drug-dosing studies. The same NFP is also used to inject nanodiamond conjugates directly into live cells for further interrogation. For more information, please read the Full Paper “Nanofountain-Probe-Based High-Resolution Patterning and Single-Cell Injection of Functionalized Nanodiamonds” by D. Ho, H. D. Espinosa, et al., beginning on page 1667.
Inhibition of Tumor Growth Progression by Antiandrogens and mTOR Inhibitor in a <i>Pten</i> -Deficient Mouse Model of Prostate Cancer (2009)

Androgen receptors have been shown to play a critical role in prostate cancer. We used ultrasound imaging techniques to track tumor response to antiandrogen and rapamycin treatment in a prostate-specific Pten-deleted mouse model of cancer. Depletion of androgens by either surgical or chemical castration significantly inhibited tumor growth progression without altering the activation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). We also showed for the first time that targeting mTOR along with antiandrogen treatment exhibited additive antitumor effects in vivo when compared with single agents. Our preclinical data suggest that combination of antiandrogens with mTOR inhibitors might be more effective in treating androgen-dependent prostate cancer patients.
A parallel java grande benchmark suite (2001)

Increasing interest is being shown in the use of Java for large scale or Grande applications. This new use of Java places specific demands on the Java execution environments that can be tested using the Java Grande benchmark suite [5], [6], [7]. The large processing requirements of Grande applications makes parallelisation of interest. A suite of parallel benchmarks has been developed from the serial Java Grande benchmark suite, using three parallel programming models: Java native threads, MPJ (a message passing interface) and JOMP (a set of OpenMP-like directives). The contents of the suite are described, and results presented for a number of platforms.
The Future of Exogenous Surfactant Therapy (2011)

Since the identification of surfactant deficiency as the putative cause of the infant respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by Avery and Mead in 1959, our understanding of the role of pulmonary surfactant in respiratory physiology and the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI) has advanced substantially. Surfactant replacement has become routine for the prevention and treatment of infant RDS and other causes of neonatal lung injury. The role of surfactant in lung injury beyond the neonatal period, however, has proven more complex. Relative surfactant deficiency, dysfunction, and inhibition all contribute to the disturbed physiology seen in ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Consequently, exogenous surfactant, while a plausible therapy, has proven to be less effective in ALI/ARDS than in RDS, where simple deficiency is causative. This failure may relate to a number of factors, among them inadequacy of pharmaceutical surfactants, insufficient dosing or drug delivery, poor drug distribution, or simply an inability of the drug to substantially impact the underlying pathophysiology of ALI/ARDS. Both animal and human studies suggest that direct types of ALI (eg, aspiration, pneumonia) may be more responsive to surfactant therapy than indirect lung injury (eg, sepsis, pancreatitis). Animal studies are needed, however, to further clarify aspects of drug composition, timing, delivery, and dosing before additional human trials are pursued, as the results of human trials to date have been inconsistent and largely disappointing. Further study and perhaps the development of more robust pharmaceutical surfactants offer promise that exogenous surfactant will find a place in our armamentarium of treatment of ALI/ARDS in the future.
Liquid phase epitaxial growth of (Al<i>z</i>Ga1−<i>z</i>)<i>x</i>In1−<i>x</i>As<i>y</i>P1−<i>y</i> pentanary on (100)GaAs substrate using a two-phase solution technique (1984)

Liquid phase epitaxy of (AlzGa1−z)xIn1−xAsyP1−y pentanary is reported for the first time. The pentanary of (Al0.05Ga0.95)0.55In0.45As0.07P0.93 is grown successfully on a (100) oriented GaAs substrate by liquid phase epitaxy using a two-phase solution growth technique at Tg=845 °C. Existence of Al in the epitaxial layer is determined by x-ray microanalyzer, x-ray diffractometer, and photoluminescence. The growth conditions of the (AlGa)InAsP pentanary are also discussed.
Adrenoceptor and tetrabenazine antagonism activities of some pyridinyltetrahydropyridines (1984)

A series of pyridinyltetrahydropyridine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as adrenoceptor and tetrabenazine antagonists. 4-(3-Fluoro-2-pyridinyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine proved to be the most potent and selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist of the series as measured in vitro by displacement of [3H]clonidine and [3H]prazosin from membrane binding sites of calf cerebral cortex and by antagonism of the effects of clonidine and methoxamine in the rat isolated, field-stimulated vas deferens. In addition, this compound, and the corresponding desfluoro derivative, blocked tetrabenazine-induced ptosis in the mouse.
Amplified N-myc in human neuroblastoma cells is often arranged as clustered tandem repeats of differently recombined DNA. (1989)

Human neuroblastoma cells often carry amplified DNA encompassing the gene N-myc. Amplified N-myc has been found localized in "double minutes" in direct tumor cell preparations. In contrast, later passages carried amplified N-myc almost exclusively within a single homogeneously staining chromosomal region located at a chromosomal site different from the normal location of N-myc. We used pulsed field gel electrophoresis to define the structural arrangement of the amplified DNA. Long-range mapping was facilitated by the presence of several sites for rare cutting restriction endonucleases in the 5' region of N-myc. Amplified DNAs of different neuroblastoma cell lines were heterogeneous in size and had undergone recombination at various distances from N-myc. N-myc occupied a central position within the amplified DNA, and in no case was the coding region affected by recombination. Among neuroblastoma cells, varying proportions of amplified DNA (in some instances close to 100%) consisted of multiple tandem arrays of DNA segments ranging in size from 100 to 700 kilobase pairs. Tumor cells with low degrees of amplification revealed regions of amplified DNA in excess of 1,500 kilobase pairs without apparent rearrangement. Our observations, in concert with the cytogenetic findings, suggest a model of gene amplification which involves unscheduled DNA replication, recombination, and formation of extrachromosomal DNA followed by integration into a chromosome and subsequent in situ multiplication. The central position which N-myc occupies within the amplified sequences and the lack of recombination within the coding region of N-mc indicate that N-myc rather than other genetic information provides the selective advantage for retention of the amplified DNA.
Bovine serum albumin further enhances the effects of organic solvents on increased yield of polymerase chain reaction of GC-rich templates (2012)

BSA significantly enhances PCR amplification yield when used in combination with organic solvents, DMSO or formamide. BSA enhancing effects were obtained in several PCR applications, with DNA templates of high GC content and spanning a broad size range. When added to the reaction buffer, promoting effects of BSA were seen in the first cycles of the PCR, regardless of the size of the DNA to amplify. The strategy outlined here provides a cost-effective alternative for increasing the efficiency of PCR amplification of GC-rich DNA targets over a broad size range.
The popularization of Japanese ‘samurai baseball’ (Bushidō yakyū) in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period (2013)

The purpose of this research is to explore the evolution of the sporting philosophy of ‘samurai baseball’ by analysing the process of its acceptance in Taiwan during the decades it was under Japanese colonial rule (1895–1945). The article focuses on the All Japan Middle School Baseball Tournaments, held annually in spring and summer, and the reception and notable success of the team from Chiayi Agriculture and Forestry School in southern Taiwan at the 1931 tournament. The team members included Japanese, Han Chinese and indigenous Taiwanese. The Japanese coach, Kondo Heitarō, emphasized precepts of ‘spiritual baseball’, ‘egalitarianism’ and ‘appreciation of actual strength’. The popularity of this sporting philosophy in Taiwan and the very positive reception of the baseball team from the Japanese media are evidence of the penetration of ‘samurai baseball’ even in colonies such as Taiwan.
Pervasive Computing: Technology and Architecture of Mobile Internet Applications (2002)

Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgements. About the Authors. Trademarks. I. TECHNOLOGIES. 1. Past, Present, Future. 2. Application Examples. 3. Device Technology. 5. Web Application Concepts. 6. WAP and Beyond. 7. Voice Technology. 8. Personal Digital Assistants. II. ARCHITECTURES. 9. Server-side Programming in Java. 10. Pervasive Web Application Architecture. 11.Example Application. 12. Access from PCs. 13. Access via WAP. 14. Access from Personal Digital Assistants. 15. Access via voice 379. .
Photoinduced refractive index change in a photoconductive electro-optic polymer (1993)

We report the photorefraction in polymeric materials such as a polyvinylcarbazole doped with nonlinear optical dye and a copolymer of a NLO dye-pendant monomer and a monomer with carbazolyl group. In the latter polymer, diffraction efficiency was on 10−6 order, the change of the refractive index was reversible and its decay was accelerated by photoirradiation. The observed photorefraction was mainly due to the molar refraction change of carbazolyl groups caused by photoinduced ionization, and this is evidence that trapped ion radicals exist in the polymer forming grating, which is necessary for the real photorefractives.
Dynamic Distributed Spectrum Allocation in GMPLS-controlled Elastic Optical Networks (2011)

We propose and experimentally evaluate a distributed spectrum assignment approach for GMPLS-controlled elastic networks based on collecting the frequency slot availability information during the signaling phase and performing efficient spectrum allocation at the destination node.
Risk prediction for chronic kidney disease progression using heterogeneous electronic health record data and time series analysis (2015)

A risk prediction model that takes longitudinal laboratory test results and clinical documentation into consideration can predict CKD progression from stage III to stage IV more accurately than three models that do not take all of these variables into consideration.
Measuring gastric residual volume (2004)

Richard L. Pullen, Jr., is a professor of nursing at Amarillo (Tex.) College. Each month, this department illustrates key clinical points for a common nursing procedure. Because of space constraints, it's not comprehensive.
Metals in soybean oil (1981)

Abstract Certain metals often produce deleterious effects when present in soybean oil. Trace quantities of copper, iron and manganese dramatically reduce the oxidative stability of edible oils. The presence of calcium and magnesium in crude oils reduces the efficiency of degumming and refining operations. Sodium soaps reduce bleaching efficiency by inactivating adsorption sites on bleaching earth. Phosphatides or phosphorous containing lipids exert a poisoning effect on hydrogenation catalysts. Nickel, an artifact of hydrogenation, must be removed from the oil for health, stability and safety considerations. This paper provides an overview of the various effects of metals on processing and stability, describes how to inhibit or diminish their activity, and discusses various analytical techniques for identification and quantitation of the metals present in soybean oil.
Crossover probability estimation using mean-intrinsic-LLR of LDPC syndrome (2009)

This paper reveals that the residual redundancies in LDPC syndromes can be used to estimate the crossover probability between two correlated binary sequences. This work simplifies the algorithm proposed in. In addition, by using the mean of intrinsic Log-Likelihood Ratios (LLRs) of LDPC syndromes, this work also applies to irregular LDPC codes. The proposed algorithm performs well in simulations.
Energy dissipation in standing waves in rectangular basins (1959)

The modulus of decay of standing waves of finite height is derived by assuming that the attenuation of the waves is due to viscous losses in boundary layers close to the solid walls. Dampings are observed in six basins of varying sizes. The basins are duplicated using glass and lucite for the wall materials. With liquids wetting the walls, the losses due to viscosity are slightly increased from causes presumably related to surface tension. With a liquid not wetting the walls (distilled water and lucite), losses from surface activity, of some obscure origin, outweigh many times the losses due to viscosity in the basins of smaller sizes. For moderately large basins, for which surface activity may be neglected, the agreement between the observed and computed rates of decay is found to be satisfactory.
Second breakdown—A comprehensive review (1967)

This paper is a comprehensive review of the published literature dealing with the phenomenon of second breakdown in semiconductor devices and the problems it creates in the design, fabrication, testing, and application of transistors.
David Stafford-Clark (1916-1999): Seeing through a celebrity psychiatrist (2017)

This article uses the mass-media career of the British psychiatrist David Stafford-Clark (1916-1999) as a case study in the exercise of cultural authority by celebrity medical professionals in post-war Britain. Stafford-Clark rose to prominence in the mass media, particularly through his presenting work on medical and related topics for BBC TV and Radio, and was in the vanguard of psychiatrists and physicians who eroded professional edicts on anonymity. At the height of his career, he traded upon his celebrity status, and consequent cultural authority, to deliver mass media sermons on a variety of social, cultural, and political topics. Stafford-Clark tried to preserve his sense of personal and intellectual integrity by clinging to a belief that his authority in the public sphere was ultimately to be vindicated by his literary, intellectual, and spiritual significance. But as his credibility dwindled, he came to distrust the cultural intermediaries, such as broadcasters and publishers, who had supported him.