gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O<sup>3</sup>-MONOACETYLMORPHINE (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTO3-MONOACETYLMORPHINELLEWELLYN H. WELSHCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1954, 19, 9, 1409–1415Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01374a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01374a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Traffic Flow Based Clustering Scheme for VANETs (2014)

Recently, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) have attracted great interests from both academia and industry. As an extreme case of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), VANETs have some unique features, such as high node mobility, frequent topology changes and breakages of wireless links. In this paper, we propose a novel traffic flow based (TFB) clustering scheme, aiming to construct stable clusters for urban scenarios. This scheme takes traffic flow, speed difference and node position into consideration, in order to select the most stable cluster head. In addition, only vehicles within the predefined speed difference with the cluster head is allowed to join the cluster. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of this proposed scheme. The results show that the proposed scheme imparts a significant performance improvement in terms of average cluster lifetime and average number of clusters changed per vehicle.\n
Photoinitiated Polymerization of Columnar Stacks of Self-Assembled Trialkyl-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide Derivatives (2003)

A disk-shaped molecule, N-(5-sorbyl-pentyl)-N',N"-di(n-octyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (1), has been synthesized and assembled into a columnar stack in cyclohexane. Using a photoinitiated process, we polymerized monomer 1 in its self-assembled state and analyzed the resulting poly-1. On cooling a boiling cyclohexane solution of 1, the molecules aggregate via amide hydrogen bonds, as supported by the position of the N-H stretching band in FT-IR spectroscopy. Evidence of helical columnar stacking of 1 in the aggregate is provided by an induced CD effect upon blending 1 with a chiral side-chain homologue 3 in a so-called "sergeants and soldiers" experiment. The columnar assembly in cyclohexane was polymerized by UV light (365 nm) irradiation in the presence of 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone as radical photoinitiator. The polymerization occurs selectively to give 1,4-polymer with isolated trans C=C bonds, as shown by FT-IR, and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. Lack of polymerization of methyl sorbate (4) under identical conditions, and low incorporation of 4 in copolymerizations with 1 in cyclohexane, suggests that the polymerization preferentially occurs within the columnar assembly. Size exclusion chromatography shows that the degree of polymerization (X(n)()) based on number average molecular weight is approximately 65. Incorporation of small amounts of nonpolymerizable derivatives 2 and 3 into the columns has no effect on X(n)() and conversion. Molecular models show that the polymerizable sidearm of 1 is long enough to span the distance between the monomers in the chiral stack. Under the atomic force microscope (AFM), purified samples of polymerized 1 displayed nanometer-sized fibrous morphologies with a high-axial-ratio (>150), uniform width (60 nm), and a thickness (1.0 nm) which corresponds to the width of the benzene tricarboxamide core of 1, whereas aggregates of nonpolymerized 1 yield a featureless image due to their instability.
Hyperpolarized<sup>3</sup>He gas production and MR imaging of the lung (2001)

Abstract Optical polarization of 3 He generates large nuclear spin magnetizations, allowing MR imaging of the gas spaces of human and animal lungs despite the low number density of spins in the gas. The atomic physics of optical pumping and spin exchange is explained; the hardware for polarizing, transporting, and imaging is detailed. Pulse sequences for optimum use of the nonrenewable magnetization require a different imaging strategy than traditional proton MRI. Examples are discussed for static lung images, diffusion images for characterization of the local alveolar structure, and high temporal resolution images. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 13: 277–293, 2001
Public Research in Plant Breeding and Intellectual Property Rights : A Call for New Institutional Policies (2006)

This paper addresses the issue of using intellectual property rights (IPRs) in public sector breeding, and the potential impact on breeding strategies and on the costs and benefits. The paper is based on a study on the impact of IPRs in the breeding industry in developing countries. There are three main reasons for national agricultural research institutes (NARIs) to embrace IPRs: recognition, technology access and transfer, and revenue. Introducing the concept of revenue generation in public plant breeding is likely to have an impact on the distribution of funds within the NARI and on the breeding strategies applied. A second possible impact is that funds will be distributed more to crops with a high value in seed production. The third level of impact is within breeding programs themselves, where researchers have to choose which ecological areas or client groups to target. The paper concludes with suggestions: Policymakers and research managers need to be aware of potential difficulties of matching revenue generation through IPRs and the public tasks of the NARIs. Explicit national and institutional policies are needed to guide choices regarding the management of IPRs in breeding. Research institutes need to prepare for managing IPRs, whether they intend to protect their own inventions or not. Human and financial resources need to be made available, and the institutional culture needs to be adapted to the new developments.
Channel Prediction Techniques for a Multi-User MIMO System in Time-Varying Environments (2014)

Although multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MI-MO) systems provide high data rate transmission, they may suffer from interference. Block diagonalization and eigenbeam-space division multiplexing (E-SDM) can suppress interference. The transmitter needs to determine beamforming weights from channel state information (CSI) to use these techniques. However, MIMO channels change in time-varying environments during the time intervals between when transmission parameters are determined and actual MIMO transmission occurs. The outdated CSI causes interference and seriously degrades the quality of transmission. Channel prediction schemes have been developed to mitigate the effects of outdated CSI. We evaluated the accuracy of prediction of autoregressive (AR)-model-based prediction and Lagrange extrapolation in the presence of channel estimation error. We found that Lagrange extrapolation was easy to implement and that it provided performance comparable to that obtained with the AR-model-based technique.
US Presidential Election 2012 Prediction using Census Corrected Twitter Model (2012)

US Presidential Election 2012 has been a very tight race between the two key candidates. There were intense battle between the two key candidates. The election reflects the sentiment of the electorate towards the achievements of the incumbent President Obama. The campaign lasted several months and the effects can be felt in the internet and twitter. The presidential debates injected new vigor in the challenger's campaign and successfully captured the electorate of several states posing a threat to the incumbent's position. Much of the sentiment in the election has been captured in the online discussions. In this paper, we will be using the original model described in Choy et. al. (2011) using twitter data to forecast the next US president.
Validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in the Detection of Cognitive Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease (2012)

The purpose of this study was to assess the convergent and discriminative validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a screening tool for cognitive dysfunction in Huntington's disease (HD). Twenty HD patients with cognitive deficit and 23 normal controls (NC) without cognitive deficit were matched for age, sex, and education. The mean MoCA score was 20.5 (SD = 5.5) in HD and 27.5 (SD = 2.2) in NC. The MoCA correlated in both samples with the brief cognitive battery composite score (r = .81, p < .001). With the screening and diagnostic cutoff scores determined at <26 points, the MoCA showed a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 84% in the detection of cognitive dysfunction in HD. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (95% confidence interval) for the MoCA was 0.90 (0.809-0.997), p < .001. Our results show that the MoCA is a suitable tool for assessing cognitive dysfunction in patients with HD.
Acquisition and pointing control for inter-satellite laser communications (2004)

Communications and range estimation between formation members are essential functions of formation flying. The inherent features of laser free-space link: small weight and mass, power efficiency, broadband, high precision, availability of state-of-the-art components, make it a very attractive candidate for micro-satellite formation flying missions. A single two-way laser link, performing simultaneously communication and range estimation functions between formation spacecraft is being investigated in the framework of Broadband Laser Inter-Satellite Link (BLSIL), a joint Israeli-German applied research project. A unique technique of pointing control system for an intersatellite laser communication and ranging link is presented. In this system, the same laser is used both as a beacon and as a transmitter. To maximize the traffic capacity of the link, the beamwidth is controlled from broad in the acquisition stage, to narrow in the tracking stage. Laser link pointing control presents difficult demands from the beam pointing precision. To establish and maintain the laser link between the satellites in orbit, pointing control must be fast and precise. A hierarchic two-level system control is proposed. The lower level controls the gimbals of the optical head of the electro-optical transceiver; the higher level is a fast closed loop that simultaneously controls the beamwidth and direction. It is the primary subject of the paper. Initial pointing acquisition assumes exchange of position-related information between the satellites to establish the initial line of sight (LOS). After initial acquisition a cooperative extremum-seeking algorithm is used for the fast higher level closed loop control. The paper gives a detailed description of the control algorithms. Representative simulations are presented.
Algorithms for supporting disconnected write operations for wireless Web access in mobile client-server environments (2002)

In a wireless mobile client-server environment, a mobile user may voluntarily disconnect itself from the Web server to save its battery life and avoid high communication prices. To allow Web pages to be updated while the mobile user is disconnected from the Web server, updates can be staged in the mobile host and propagated back to the Web server upon reconnection. In this paper, we analyze algorithms for supporting disconnected write operations for wireless Web access and develop a performance model to identify the optimal length of the disconnection period under which the cost of update propagation is minimized. The analysis result is particularly applicable to Web applications which allow wireless mobile users to modify Web contents while on the move. We show how the result can be applied to real-time Web applications such that the mobile user can determine the longest disconnection period such that it can still propagate updates to the server before the deadline so that a minimum communication cost is incurred.
GMR multilayer device with ring type bridge structure (1999)

In this work, we report the results for a GMR device based on a Co/Cu multilayer with a ring type bridge structure. This newly designed device showed a large angle dependent response when the sample was rotated in an applied field. The imbalance effect from the bridge structure was a consequence of demagnetisation effects in the GMR ring structure, leading to higher internal magnetic fields in the arms of the bridge parallel to the field direction. This simple ring type bridge structure can be suitable for a wide range of magnetic sensor applications.
Riboregulation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> : DsrA RNA acts by RNA:RNA interactions at multiple loci (1998)

DsrA is an 87-nt untranslated RNA that regulates both the global transcriptional silencer and nucleoid protein H-NS and the stationary phase and stress response sigma factor RpoS (σ s ). We demonstrate that DsrA acts via specific RNA:RNA base pairing interactions at the hns locus to antagonize H-NS translation. We also give evidence that supports a role for RNA:RNA interactions at the rpoS locus to enhance RpoS translation. Negative regulation of hns by DsrA is achieved by the RNA:RNA interaction blocking translation of hns RNA. In contrast, results suggest that positive regulation of rpoS by DsrA occurs by formation of an RNA structure that activates a cis -acting translational operator. Sequences within DsrA complementary to three additional genes, argR , ilvIH , and rbsD , suggest that DsrA is a riboregulator of gene expression that acts coordinately via RNA:RNA interactions at multiple loci.
Isolation of a novel human papillomavirus (type 51) from a cervical condyloma (1988)

We cloned the DNA from a novel human papillomavirus (HPV) present in a cervical condyloma. When DNA from this isolate was hybridized at high stringency with HPV types 1 through 50 (HPV-1 through HPV-50), it showed weak homology with HPV-6 and -16 and stronger homology with HPV-26. A detailed restriction endonuclease map was prepared which showed marked differences from the maps for other HPVs that have been isolated from the female genital tract. Reassociation kinetic analysis revealed that HPV-26 and this new isolate were less than 10% homologous; hence, the new isolate is a novel strain of HPV. The approximate positions of the open reading frames of the new strain were surmised by hybridization with probes derived from individual open reading frames of HPV-16. In an analysis of 175 genital biopsies from patients with abnormal Papanicolaou smears, sequences hybridizing under highly stringent conditions to probes from this novel HPV type were found in 4.2, 6.1, and 2.4% of biopsies containing normal squamous epithelium, condylomata, and intraepithelial neoplasia, respectively. In addition, sequences homologous to probes from this novel isolate were detected in one of five cervical carcinomas examined.
Audio quality assessment in packet networks: an "inter-subjective" neural network model (2002)

Transmitting digital audio signals in real time over packet switched networks (e.g. the Internet) has set forth the need for developing signal processing algorithms that objectively evaluate audio quality. So far, the best way to assess audio quality are subjective listening tests, the most commonly used being the mean opinion score (MOS) recommended by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The goal of this paper is to show how artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be used to mimic the way human subjects estimate the quality of audio signals when distorted by changes in several parameters that affect the transmitted audio quality. To validate the approach, we carried out an MOS experiment for speech signals distorted by different values of IP-network parameters (e.g. loss rate, loss distribution, packetization interval, etc.), and changes in the encoding algorithm used to compress the original signal. Our results allow us to show that ANNs can capture the nonlinear mapping, between certain characteristics of audio signals and a subjective five points quality scale, "built" by a group of human subjects when participating in an MOS experiment, creating, in this way, an "inter-subjective" neural network (INN) model that might effectively "evaluate", in real time, the audio quality in packet switched networks.
Syntheses, Structures, and Reactivity of Low Spin Iron(III) Complexes Containing a Single Carboxamido Nitrogen in a [FeN<sub>5</sub>L] Chromophore (2001)

A new pentacoordinate ligand based on TPA (tris-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine), namely, N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine-N-ethyl-2-pyridine-2-carboxamide (PaPy(3)H), has been synthesized. The iron(III) complexes of this ligand, namely, [Fe(PaPy(3))(CH(3)CN)](ClO(4))(2) (1), [Fe(PaPy(3))(Cl)]ClO(4) (2), [Fe(PaPy(3))(CN)]ClO(4) (3), and [Fe(PaPy(3))(N(3))]ClO(4) (4), have been isolated and complexes 1-3 have been structurally characterized. These complexes are the first examples of monomeric iron(III) complexes with one carboxamido nitrogen in the first coordination sphere. All four complexes are low spin and exhibit rhombic EPR signals around g = 2. The solvent bound species [Fe(PaPy(3))(CH(3)CN)](ClO(4))(2) reacts with H(2)O(2) in acetonitrile at low temperature to afford [Fe(PaPy(3))(OOH)](+) (g = 2.24, 2.14, 1.96). When cyclohexene is allowed to react with 1/H(2)O(2) at room temperature, a significant amount of cyclohexene oxide is produced along with the allylic oxidation products. Analysis of the oxidation products indicates that the allylic oxidation products arise from a radical-driven autoxidation process while the epoxidation is carried out by a distinctly different oxidant. No epoxidation of cyclohexene is observed with 1/TBHP.
LIME BURNS OF THE EYE: USE OF RABBIT PERITONEUM TO PREVENT SEVERE DELAYED EFFECTS (1941)

The severe delayed effects of burns of the eye produced by certain chemicals are frequently unexpected because the initial injury seems to be exceedingly minor. Lime was chosen for these studies because it is used widely in industry, is frequently the cause of severe ocular destruction and in corrosive action is representative of the caustic agents which most commonly produce burns of the eye. As a rule, when powdered lime (calcium oxide) strikes the open eye it adheres to the conjunctiva and cornea, part of it becoming dissolved in the tears. This becomes slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), which is as caustic as the powdered form. The tissues touched by the lime are immediately burned, as evidenced by redness and slight edema of the bulbar conjunctiva and a superficial whitish infiltration of the cornea. First aid treatment consists of irrigation, removal of particles of visible lime, instillation of a so-called neutralizing
Experimental Foundation for Relative Permeability Modeling of Foam (1998)

Optimization of foam treatments requires modeling or simulation of the process using a foam model that is capable of reproducing the critical properties of foam. The present work present a simple model that is based on the relative permeability concept, and is well suited for simulation of foam processes with conventional or slightly modified numerical simulators. The model can unify the understanding of a number of phenomena that characterizes foam flow. The validity of the model is substantiated by experimental data.A consistent interpretation of foam breakdown, shear thinning effects, permeability effects, and effects of system pressure is possible with the presented model for gas relative permeability in a foam.P. 73
Role of STAT3 in CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory Lymphocyte Generation: Implications in Graft-versus-Host Disease and Antitumor Immunity (2007)

Immunological tolerance is maintained by specialized subsets of T cells including CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory cells (Treg). Previous studies established that Treg thymic differentiation or peripheral conversion depend on CD28 and Lck signaling. Moreover, foxp3 gene transfer in murine CD4(+)CD25(-) T lymphocytes results in the acquisition of suppressive functions. However, molecular pathways leading to FOXP3 expression remain to be described. In this study, we investigated the molecular events driving FOXP3 expression. We demonstrated that CD28 activation in CD4(+)CD25(-) T lymphocytes leads to STAT3 Tyr(705) phosphorylation in an Lck-dependent manner. STAT3 neutralization during naive peripheral CD4(+)CD25(-) T cell conversion into Treg through costimulation with TCR/CD28 and TGF-beta1, decreased FOXP3 expression, prevented the acquisition of suppressive functions and restored the ability of the converted lymphocytes to produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma. Furthermore, we observed that STAT3 ablation using small interfering RNA strategies inhibited FOXP3 expression and suppressive functions among naturally differentiated CD4(+)CD25(+) T lymphocytes, suggesting a direct role of STAT3 in Treg phenotype and function maintenance. CD4(+)CD25(+) T lymphocytes transduced with specific STAT3 small interfering RNA were devoid of suppressive functions and failed to control the occurrence of acute graft-vs-host disease. Finally, STAT3 inhibition in CD4(+) lymphocytes enhanced the anti-tumor immunity conferred by a lymphocyte adoptive transfer. In summary, our findings determine that STAT3 is critical in the molecular pathway required for FOXP3 expression. STAT3 modulation should be taken into account when assessing how regulatory T cells contribute to inflammatory diseases and tumor immunosurveillance.
Steroids induce acetylcholine receptors on cultured human muscle: implications for myasthenia gravis. (1990)

Antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), which are diagnostic of the human autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis, block AChR function and increase the rate of AChR degradation leading to impaired neuromuscular transmission. Steroids are frequently used to alleviate symptoms of muscle fatigue and weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis because of their well-documented immunosuppressive effects. We show here that the steroid dexamethasone significantly increases total surface AChRs on cultured human muscle exposed to myasthenia gravis sera. Our results suggest that the clinical improvement observed in myasthenic patients treated with steroids is due not only to an effect on the immune system but also to a direct effect on muscle. We propose that the identification and development of pharmacologic agents that augment receptors and other proteins that are reduced by human genetic or autoimmune disease will have broad therapeutic applications.
Nanoscale High-Contrast Subwavelength Grating Integrated Tunable Surface Emitting Laser (2006)

We report a novel electrostatic actuated nano-electromechanical (NEMS) tunable surface emitting lasers utilizing a movable single layer large-index-contrast subwavelength grating. Single mode emission and continuous tuning were obtained at room temperature under CW operation