gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variability in Carbon Nanotube Transistors: Improving Device-to-Device Consistency (2012)

The large amount of hysteresis and threshold voltage variation in carbon nanotube transistors impedes their use in highly integrated digital applications. The origin of this variability is elucidated by employing a top-coated, hydrophobic monolayer to passivate bottom-gated devices. Compared to passivating only the supporting substrate, it is found that covering the nanotube channel proves highly effective and robust at improving device-to-device consistency-hysteresis and threshold voltage variation are reduced by an average of 84 and 53%, respectively. The effect of gate and drain-source bias on hysteresis is considered, showing strong dependence that must be accounted for when analyzing the effectiveness of a passivation layer. These results provide both key insight into the origin of variability in carbon nanotube transistors and a promising path for resolving this significant obstacle.
<i>In Situ</i> Collagen Polymerization of Layered Cell-Seeded Electrospun Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications (2010)

Electrospun scaffolds have been studied extensively for their potential use in bone tissue engineering applications. However, inherent issues with the electrospinning approach limit the thickness of these scaffolds and constrain their use for repair of critical-sized bone defects. One method to increase overall scaffold thickness is to bond multiple electrospun scaffolds together with a biocompatible gel. The objective of this study was to determine whether multiple human adipose-derived stem cell (hASC-seeded electrospun, nanofibrous scaffolds could be layered via in situ collagen assembly and whether the addition of laser-ablated micron-sized pores within the electrospun scaffold layers was beneficial to the bonding process. Pores were created by a laser ablation technique. We hypothesized that the addition of micron-sized pores within the electrospun scaffolds would encourage collagen integration between scaffold layers, and promote osteogenic differentiation of hASCs seeded within the layered electrospun scaffolds. To evaluate the benefit of assembled scaffolds with and without engineered pores, hASCs were seeded on individual electrospun scaffolds, hASC-seeded scaffolds were bonded with type I collagen, and the assembled ∼3-mm-thick constructs were cultured for 3 weeks to examine their potential as bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Assembled electrospun scaffolds/collagen gel constructs using electrospun scaffolds with pores resulted in enhanced hASC viability, proliferation, and mineralization of the scaffolds after 3 weeks in vitro compared to constructs using electrospun scaffolds without pores. Scanning electron microscopy and histological examination revealed that the assembled constructs that included laser-ablated electrospun scaffolds were able to maintain a contracted structure and were not delaminated, unlike assembled constructs containing nonablated electrospun scaffolds. This is the first study to show that the introduction of engineered pores in electrospun scaffolds assists with multilayered scaffold integration, resulting in thick constructs potentially suitable for use as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering or repair of critical bone defects.
Effect of electrical stimulation on stress and urge urinary incontinence. Clinical outcome and practical recommendations based on randomized controlled trials. (1998)

The results of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of electrical stimulation to treat stress and urge urinary incontinence are conflicting. There is a need for more randomized controlled trials with sufficient sample sizes, use of sensitive, reproducible and valid outcome measures, and optimal stimulation parameters. Based on the present knowledge pelvic floor muscle exercise should be the first choice of treatment for stress urinary incontinence.
Protein Kinase C Promotes Apoptosis in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells through Activation of p38 MAPK and Inhibition of the Akt Survival Pathway (2003)

Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol esters or diacylglycerol mimetics induces apoptosis in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells, an effect that involves both the activation of the classic PKC alpha and the novel PKC delta isozymes (Fujii, T., García-Bermejo, M. L., Bernabó, J. L., Caamaño, J., Ohba, M., Kuroki, T., Li, L., Yuspa, S. H., and Kazanietz, M. G. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 7574-7582 and Garcia-Bermejo, M. L., Leskow, F. C., Fujii, T., Wang, Q., Blumberg, P. M., Ohba, M., Kuroki, T., Han, K. C., Lee, J., Marquez, V. E., and Kazanietz, M. G. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 645-655). In the present study we explored the signaling events involved in this PKC-mediated effect, using the androgen-dependent LNCaP cell line as a model. Stimulation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) leads to the activation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK in LNCaP cells. Here we present evidence that p38 MAPK, but not JNK, mediates PKC-induced apoptosis. Because LNCaP cells have hyperactivated Akt function due to PTEN inactivation, we examined whether this survival pathway could be affected by PKC activation. Interestingly, activation of PKC leads to a rapid and reversible dephosphorylation of Akt, an effect that was prevented by the pan-PKC inhibitor GF109302X and the cPKC inhibitor Gö6976. In addition, the diacylglycerol mimetic agent HK654, which selectively stimulates PKC alpha in LNCaP cells, also induced the dephosphorylation of Akt in LNCaP cells. Inactivation of Akt function by PKC does not involve the inhibition of PI3K, and it is prevented by okadaic acid, suggesting the involvement of a phosphatase 2A in PMA-induced Akt dephosphorylation. Finally, we show that, when an activated form of Akt is delivered into LNCaP cells by either transient transfection or adenoviral infection, the apoptotic effect of PMA is significantly reduced. Our results highlight a complex array of signaling pathways regulated by PKC isozymes in LNCaP prostate cancer cells and suggest that both p38 MAPK and Akt play critical roles as downstream effectors of PKC isozymes in this cellular model.
Power Waveforming: Wireless Power Transfer Beyond Time Reversal (2016)

This paper explores the idea of time-reversal (TR) technology in wireless power transfer to propose a new wireless power transfer paradigm termed power waveforming (PW), where a transmitter engages in delivering wireless power to an intended receiver by fully utilizing all the available multipaths that serve as virtual antennas. Two power transfer-oriented waveforms, energy waveform and single-tone waveform, are proposed for PW power transfer systems, both of which are no longer TR in essence. The former is designed to maximize the received power, while the latter is a low-complexity alternative with small or even no performance degradation. We theoretically analyze the power transfer gain of the proposed power transfer system over the direct transmission scheme, which can achieve about 6 dB gain, under various channel power delay profiles and show that the PW is an ideal paradigm for wireless power transfer because of its inherent ability to recollect all the power that is possible to harvest from the surrounding environment. In addition, the outage performances in harvesting power of the PW system and the conventional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system are derived. It reveals that the PW system can achieve the same outage performance of the MIMO system as long as the number of resolvable multipaths is sufficiently large. Simulation results validate the analytical findings and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PW technique.
Historical Map and Guide to Hadrian's Wall. Southampton: Ordnance Survey, 1989. ISBN 0-319-29018-2. £3·25. (1990)

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Phase noise to carrier ratio in LC oscillators (2000)

An analysis is presented in this contribution to describe the steady-state amplitude of a CMOS LC Colpitts oscillator, as well as its response to small interferences. The problem of signal dependency of noise sources is also addressed. The general conclusions of the analysis are applicable to most LC oscillators. The procedure to perform a general analysis for an arbitrary LC oscillators is outlined. Controlled experiments are used to verify each important conclusion for the Colpitts analysis and implications on design are discussed.
Polar Activation in Copolymerization of Propylene and 6-tert-Butyl-[2-(1,1-dimethylhept-6-enyl)]-4-methylphenol over a Racemic [1,1'-(Dimethylsilylene)bis(.eta.5-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1- indenyl)]zirconium Dichloride/Methylalumoxane Catalyst System (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolar Activation in Copolymerization of Propylene and 6-tert-Butyl-[2-(1,1-dimethylhept-6-enyl)]-4-methylphenol over a Racemic [1,1'-(Dimethylsilylene)bis(.eta.5-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1- indenyl)]zirconium Dichloride/Methylalumoxane Catalyst SystemCarl-Eric Wilen and Jan H. NasmanCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 15, 4051–4057Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00093a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00093a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views326Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthese und Eigenschaften füngliedriger cyclischer Harnstoffe (1969)

Abstract Durch Ureidomethylierung entstehen bei Kondensation von Alkoxymethyl‐Verbindungen symmetrisch dialkylierter Harnstoffe mit Phosphortrihalogeniden 4‐Halogen‐2.4‐dioxo‐1.3.4‐diazaphospholidine (14) , die sich Ureidomethylphosphonsäuren 15 verseifen lassen. Während α.β‐ungesättigte Aldehyde und Ketone mit Harnstoffen nach dem Vinylogie‐Prinzip zu 2‐Oxo‐1.2.3.4‐tetrahydro‐pyrimidinen oder 4‐Ureido‐2‐oxo‐hexahydro‐pyrimidinen cyclisieren, führen die Umsetzungen von symmetrisch disubstituierten Harnstoffen mit 5‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxo‐2.5‐dihydro‐furan bzw. Maleinaldehydsäure und ihren Derivaten zu fünfgliedrigen cyclischen Harnstoffen vom Typ der 2‐Oxo‐4‐carboxymethyl‐imidazoline 28 und 2‐Oxo‐4‐methyl‐imidazoline 30 . – 4.5‐Dialkoxy‐2‐oxo‐imidazolidine kondensieren mit Mercaptanen unter Eliminierung von Alkohol in Gegenwart wasserfreier Säuren zu 4‐Alkylmercapto‐2‐oxo‐imidazolinen 38 , die in saurem Medium zu Hydantoinen 40 hydrolysieren.
Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 in endotoxin-induced uveitis. (1992)

Expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) on endothelial cells leads to the attachment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The sequential expression of ELAM-1 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen was examined in the eyes of 59 Lewis rats with endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) after the injection of Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin. The eyes were enucleated at 2-hr intervals. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin-embedded sections and immunohistochemically stained cryostat sections were graded by two masked observers. The MHC class II antigen was expressed on cells in the iris and ciliary body 4 hr after injection of endotoxin and on the corneal endothelium, 8 hr postinjection. It was found that ELAM-1 was expressed first on cells of the ciliary body and iris 10 hr after the injection of endotoxin and on the corneal endothelium, 22 hr postinjection. Clinical and histopathologic disease developed 16 hr postinjection. Adherence of polymorphonuclear cells to the corneal endothelium was observed at the time of ELAM-1 expression. In conclusion, expression of ELAM-1 on ocular tissue occurred in EIU and appeared to promote polymorphonuclear cell accumulation in the anterior segment of the eye.
Determination of the parameters of a dipole by measurement of its magnetic field (1981)

A novel method to determine the parameters (dipole moment, orientation, and location) of a magnetic dipole is discussed. The method, which requires no a priori knowledge of the parameters, consists of measuring one or more components of the magnetic field of the dipole in a two-dimensional grid and performing a two-dimensional multiparameter nonlinear least squares fit to the data. Results of computer simulations which include the effects of electronic and sensor noise and motion of sensors are presented to show that reliable and consistent parameter estimation is obtained and that pseudoreal-time operation is achievable on a fast minicomputer. The simulations are valid for all major classes of magnetometer sensors. Further, application of the method to experimentally obtained data is discussed. Simulation and experiments show that for objects situated 60-200 cm from the plane of sweep of the sensors, which yield peak field values <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim 10-1000</tex> nT, magnetic data must be accurate to within a few nT which is easily achieved using fluxgate sensors, and position accuracy of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\pm 1</tex> cm over a span of 700 cm is sufficient.
De-noising remotely sensed digital imagery (2004)

This paper applies two recent methods to denoise remotely sensed images - wavelet based Markov Random Field (MRF) methods, Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and compares them with the standard Wiener filter. In order to facilitate the continued use of these methods in remote sensing the theory behind each method is discussed in detail. Subsequently they are applied to de-noising remotely sensed images. The efficiency of each algorithm is obtained by computing the signal to noise ratio (SNR) before and after de-noising. Results indicate that the MRF based methods, though slightly more complicated to program and only marginally slower than ICA de-noising, generally perform better than both ICA and Wiener filtering. The article ends by discussing future areas of research in de-noising remotely sensed images.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Secondary Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Accidental Injury (2010)

Matsuoka, Yutaka MD, PhD; Nishi, Daisuke MD; Yonemoto, Naohiro MPH; Hamazaki, Kei MD, PhD; Hashimoto, Kenji PhD; Hamazaki, Tomohito MD, PhD Author Information
Effective compression and noise reduction configurations for hearing protectors (2007)

The author proposed to adopt wide dynamic range compression and adaptive multichannel modulation-based noise reduction algorithms to enhance hearing protector performance. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of compression and noise reduction configurations on the amount of noise reduction, speech intelligibility, and overall preferences using existing digital hearing aids. In Experiment 1, sentence materials were recorded in speech spectrum noise and white noise after being processed by eight digital hearing aids. When the hearing aids were set to 3:1 compression, the amount of noise reduction achieved was enhanced or maintained for hearing aids with parallel configurations, but reduced for hearing aids with serial configurations. In Experiments 2 and 3, 16 normal-hearing listeners' speech intelligibility and perceived sound quality were tested when they listened to speech recorded through hearing aids with parallel and serial configurations. Regardless of the configuration, the noise reduction algorithms reduced the noise level and maintained speech intelligibility in white noise. Additionally, the listeners preferred the parallel rather than the serial configuration in 3:1 conditions and the serial configuration in 1:1 rather than 3:1 compression when the noise reduction algorithms were activated. Implications for hearing protector and hearing aid design are discussed.
Analysis of art objects using a portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometer (2000)

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is a non-destructive technique widely used in the study of works of art. It can detect elements having atomic number > 15 (phosphorus) and supplies only semiquatitative results, yet it can be helpful in a very wide range of applications. The ENEA Unit for the Safeguard of Cultural Heritage has acquired considerable experience in XRF analysis, investigating more than 500 works of art including easel and mural paintings, mosaics, glasses, ceramics and bronzes. Using XRF analysis sometimes it is possible to detect undocumented pigments or to characterize traditional materials better. This technique of analysis also allows the investigation of impurities of elements having medium or high atomic number, in some cases such impurities can help to establish the provenance of the materials or to characterize differences in the same work due to restoration or to the presence of unoriginal parts. On glass, XRF can identify the nature of the colouring substances and opacifiers. A large number of measurements can be collected for statistical processing and comparison, which is very important, in particular, in the case of mosaics, and yields information which may not be evident if only a single measurement is considered. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Equilibrium Binding Analysis of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Binding to Heparin (1989)

The kinetics of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) binding to heparin were studied in a heparin-Sepharose-based solid-phase binding assay. The observed binding is time dependent and saturable. A binding constant of 5.2 +/- 1.4 X 10(-8) M is observed for binding of newborn rat NCAM to heparin. This is approximately 25 times lower than the binding constant determined for newborn rat NCAM homophilic binding. Both Scatchard and Hill plot analyses suggest the presence of only one binding site. Fab' fragments of antibodies to rat NCAM significantly inhibit binding, a result indicating that a specific site on NCAM is involved in binding to heparin. The binding is inhibited by heparin (IC50, approximately 5 micrograms/ml), whereas chondroitin sulfate is a less potent inhibitor (IC50, approximately 15 micrograms/ml).
3D Morphable Face Models—Past, Present, and Future (2020)

In this article, we provide a detailed survey of 3D Morphable Face Models over the 20 years since they were first proposed. The challenges in building and applying these models, namely, capture, modeling, image formation, and image analysis, are still active research topics, and we review the state-of-the-art in each of these areas. We also look ahead, identifying unsolved challenges, proposing directions for future research, and highlighting the broad range of current and future applications.
Steady-state cross-correlations for live two-colour super-resolution localization data sets (2015)

Cross-correlation of super-resolution images gathered from point localizations allows for robust quantification of protein co-distributions in chemically fixed cells. Here this is extended to dynamic systems through an analysis that quantifies the steady-state cross-correlation between spectrally distinguishable probes. This methodology is used to quantify the co-distribution of several mobile membrane proteins in both vesicles and live cells, including Lyn kinase and the B-cell receptor during antigen stimulation.
A Novel Ranging Method using Energy Window Bank in Non-coherent UWB Systems (2006)

This paper proposes a novel UWB ranging scheme employing 1-bit ADCs and analog window bank for energy collection. For an appropriate 1-bit ADC process DC offset is exploited and removed via performing analog low pass filter. To improve ranging accuracy in presence of ambiguity, dual overlapped window banks designated as primary and auxiliary windows are utilized. Corresponding to the proposed ranging scheme, its performance is verified by conducting simulations in two types of channel conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed ranging scheme performs well even in condensed multipath environment and low SNR situation.
Exocyclic Control of Turn Induction in Macrocyclic Peptide Scaffolds (2013)

Modification of a peptide: The combination of aziridine aldehyde based peptide cyclization and aziridine ring-opening chemistry furnishes peptides with well-defined secondary structure. An exocyclic amide, which is a product of the cyclization reaction, forms a number of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, thereby leading to increased scaffold rigidity and cellular permeability (see scheme). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Background to scientific communication (1960)

The need for more efficient communication of engineering and scientific information is traced to the increase in the number and variety of people who have the need to know. The change in the position of science from a significant source of power to a major instrument of power makes the distribution of scientific information a matter of competitive necessity and logistics. It is stressed that we need a communications system that will satisfy the needs of the scientific community at large rather than isolated and specialized pockets of retrieval. An experimental system is suggested that will provide a realistic test facility for the evaluation of ideas and components. Some problem areas in need of research and invention are discussed.