gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA sequence selectivities in the covalent bonding of antibiotic saframycins Mx1, Mx3, A, and S deduced from MPE.cntdot.iron(II) footprinting and exonuclease III stop assays (1992)

DNA sequence selectivities in the covalent binding of the antitumor antibiotic saframycins Mx1, Mx3, A, and S have been determined by complementary strand MPE.Fe(II) footprinting and exonuclease III stop assays on two different 545 and 135 base pair long HindIII/RsaI restriction fragments of pBR322 DNA. Saframycins Mx1, Mx3, A, and S recognize primarily 5'-GGG sequences. All four antibiotics also recognize 5'-GGPy sequences, however a cytosine is preferred over a thymine at the 3'-end of this recognition site in all cases. Saframycins Mx1, Mx3 and S, which possess the OH leaving group, also recognize the 5'-CCG sequence, in contrast to saframycin A, which contains the CN leaving group. In contrast, the OH-containing saframycins also recognize the 5'-CTA sequence. Saframycins Mx2, B and C, which lack the critical CN or OH leaving group, do not show any footprints on the restriction fragments examined in this study. The measured binding site size for all four antibiotics is three base pairs. The exonuclease III stop assay independently confirmed the formation of a covalent bond and the strong preference of the antibiotics for 5'-GGG and 5'-GCC sequences. The latter enzyme assay also suggests that the 5'-terminal or central G of the triad binding site is the base to which reversible covalent attachment of the antibiotic takes place.
Blood Pressure Monitoring with Home Monitors versus Mercury Sphygmomanometer (2001)

Compared with the mercury sphygmomanometer, the arm monitor was the most accurate in measuring blood pressure. The wrist and finger monitors resulted in statistically significant mean systolic and diastolic differences compared with the mercury sphygmomanometer.
Crowded collaborative virtual environments (1997)

We introduce a framework for supporting crowds of participants in collaborative virtual environments (CVEs). The framework is realised as an extension to our previous spatiat model of interaction and aims to provide greater scalability and flexibility for communication between the inhabitants of virtual worlds. Our framework introduces an explicit crowd mechanism into CVEs in order to support the formation and activation of different kinds of crowd with different effects on mutual awareness and communication (achieved through the use of aggregation techniques combined with awareness adaptation).
Automatic region of interest tracking for visual characterization of the driver's behaviour (2004)

Recent studies on driver behaviour have shown that perception - mainly visual but also proprioceptive perception plays a key role in the "driver-vehicle-road" system and so considerably affects the driver's decision making. The framework of research work presented here is the behaviour analysis and studies low-cost system (BASIL) based on the real time visual analysis tool called EyeAccessPilot (EAP) system. This system, dedicated to driver's behaviour analysis, collects synchronously all the available embedded information: the visual perception via 2D eye's direction, the trajectory followed, accelerations... In this framework, a new development is presented here in order to allow the analysis of focusing area of a driver in driving situations, via the automatic detection of Regions of Interest. This post-processing tool considers video sequence acquired with the EyeAcessPilot system. As the displacement of the head is effective during driving phase and is not measured, the aim of this work is to track automatically defined Regions Of Interest (ROI) all along the stored video sequence. This automatic tracker is based on detection of singular points in images.
Amino acid composition of protein termini are biased in different manners (1999)

An exhaustive statistical analysis of the amino acid sequences at the carboxyl (C) and amino (N) termini of proteins and of coding nucleic acid sequences at the 5' side of the stop codons was undertaken. At the N ends, Met and Ala residues are over-represented at the first (+1) position whereas at positions 2 and 5 Thr is preferred. These peculiarities at N-termini are most probably related to the mechanism of initiation of translation (for Met) and to the mechanisms governing the life-span of proteins via regulation of their degradation (for Ala and Thr). We assume that the C-terminal bias facilitates fixation of the C ends on the protein globule by a preference for charged and Cys residues. The terminal biases, a novel feature of protein structure, have to be taken into account when molecular evolution, three-dimensional structure, initiation and termination of translation, protein folding and life-span are concerned. In addition, the bias of protein termini composition is an important feature which should be considered in protein engineering experiments.
Near-infrared photonic crystals with higher-order bandgaps generated by two-photon photopolymerization (2002)

Three-dimensional photonic crystals with bandgaps of 1.5-2.3 mum in wavelength and with gap/midgap ratios of as much as 18% were generated efficiently by two-photon photopolymerization in a liquid resin. From 0.5-1.1-mW femtosecond-pulsed 540-nm light, woodpile structures consisting of 40 layers of elliptically shaped rods spaced at 350-500 nm were fabricated by focusing with a 1.3-N.A. objective. The high degree of correlation in these structures allowed the suppression of infrared transmission by as much as 50% as well as the observation of higher-order bandgaps. We also investigated the decrease in the gap wavelength on reduction of layer spacing, in-plane rod spacing, and rod size.
Teaching about Justice through Creative Strategies (1992)

When discussing justice, it helps us to look at our legal institutions from outside the narrow, closed circle in which most of us operate most of the time or believe we operate. Part of the problem is that all of our legal institutions and much of our rationality are the products of an evolution that is only several thousand years old. But we have a set of instincts and a neurological system that have evolved over more than a million and a half years. Human beings became human and they still live in the shadow of the cave. Our instinct remains to draw the line against chaos. That line is the line to which the light of our small, comforting fire reaches--the line beyond which there be Tigers, there be Cavebears, there be all those other demon races. Yet stories about what lurks beyond the line turn out to be stories about ourselves. Maybe we should pay more attention to them. Maybe that would help to broaden our conceptions of justice.
First-principles investigations of homogeneous lattice-distortive strain and shuffles in Ni<sub>2</sub>MnGa (2002)

A series of first-principles calculations were performed for ferromagnetic Ni2MnGa using density functional theory and PAW potentials. Theoretically, a tetragonal crystal structure homogeneous lattice-distortive strain is stabilized around c/a = 0.94 with respect to the L21 structure when, in addition, modulation shuffles with a period of five atomic planes are taken into account. This is in agreement with the observed structures in experimental works. The modulation appears to be critically important for stability of the tetragonal structure with c/a < 1. Here, we report a new feature which is related to the optimum amplitudes of the modulation in different atomic planes. Related to this are systematic changes in the minority spin density of states near the Fermi surface, like in the formalism of a pseudo-gap.
<title>IC-compatible process for pattern transfer in deep wells for integration of RF components</title> (2000)

An IC-compatible process for pattern transfer in deep wells and cavities for the integration of RF components is presented. After an anisotropic wet etching step used to define the optimum position of the ground plane, structures need to be patterned on the bottom of 250-400 micrometers dep etched grooves, trenches or cavities to realize wafer- through contact holes and metal patterns. Thick positive photoresist such as AZ4562 and ma-P275 are used. Modified resist spinning procedure and soft bake process resulted in a good coverage of the etched cavities, even for the deeper ones. The effect of resist thickness and spinning procedure on coating defect density and resolution loss is investigated and optimum conditions are found. A few examples of structures realized using the process described here are shown to indicate the potential and restrictions of this process.
Crustacean‐Derived Biomimetic Components and Nanostructured Composites (2014)

Over millions of years, the crustacean exoskeleton has evolved into a rigid, tough, and complex cuticle that is used for structural support, mobility, protection of vital organs, and defense against predation. The crustacean cuticle is characterized by a hierarchically arranged chitin fiber scaffold, mineralized predominately by calcium carbonate and/or calcium phosphate. The structural organization of the mineral and organic within the cuticle occurs over multiple length scales, resulting in a strong and tough biological composite. Here, the ultrastructural details observed in three species of crustacean are reviewed: the American lobster (Homarus americanus), the edible crab (Cancer pagurus), and the peacock mantis shrimp (Odontodactylus scyllarus). The Review concludes with a discussion of recent advances in the development of biomimetics with controlled organic scaffolding, mineralization, and the construction of nanoscale composites, inspired by the organization and formation of the crustacean cuticle.
Antigen-specific T cell activation results in an increase in cytoplasmic free calcium. (1985)

Free intracellular calcium acts as a messenger in response to extracellular stimuli, including those that result in cellular proliferation. For example, mitogenic lectins have been shown to increase intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca+2]i) during proliferation of T lymphocytes. To determine if similar changes in [Ca+2]i occur when T cells are activated by nominal antigen, [Ca+2]i was measured in murine T cells from a bovine insulin-specific, major histocompatibility-restricted T hybridoma by using the calcium-sensitive fluor quin-2. Quin-2-loaded T hybridoma cells were activated by incubation with antigen-pulsed antigen-presenting cells (APC) and [Ca+2]i determined by measurement of quin-2 fluorescence. T cell [Ca+2]i rose sharply within 20 min after incubation with APC. Incubation of T cells with unpulsed APC resulted in [Ca+2]i not significantly different from resting levels. Further evidence that this activation was antigen specific was demonstrated at the level of both the APC and the T cell. Incubation of quin-2-loaded T cells with APC pulsed with the inappropriate antigen, porcine insulin, did not result in an increase in [Ca+2]i. Additionally, pretreatment of T cells with a monoclonal antibody against the T cell antigen receptor abrogated the [Ca+2]i increase. Finally, the antigen-induced rise in [Ca+2]i could be blocked by pretreatment of APC with appropriate but not inappropriate Ia monoclonal antibodies. These results suggest that a rapid rise in [Ca+2]i is an early event in the antigen-specific activation of the T cell and may be related to later steps, such as the secretion of lymphocyte monokines.
Fluorescence anisotropy imaging microscopy maps calmodulin binding during cellular contraction and locomotion. (1993)

Calmodulin is a calcium transducer that activates key regulatory and structural proteins through calcium-induced binding to the target proteins. A fluorescent analog of calmodulin in conjunction with ratio imaging, relative to a volume indicator, has demonstrated that calmodulin is uniformly distributed in serum-deprived fibroblasts and there is no immediate change in the distribution upon stimulation with complete serum. The same fluorescent analog of calmodulin together with steady state fluorescence anisotropy imaging microscopy has been used to define the temporal and spatial changes in calmodulin binding to cellular targets during stimulation of serum-deprived fibroblasts and in polarized fibroblasts during wound healing. In serum-deprived fibroblasts, which exhibit a low free calcium ion concentration, a majority of the fluorescent analog of calmodulin remained unbound (fraction bound, fB < 10%). However, upon stimulation of the serum-deprived cells with complete serum, calmodulin binding (maximum fB approximately 95%) was directly correlated with the time course of the elevation and decline of the free calcium ion concentration, while the contraction of stress fibers continued for an hour or more. Calmodulin binding was also elevated in the leading lamellae of fibroblasts (maximum FB approximately 50%) during the lamellar contraction phase of wound healing and was spatially correlated with the contraction of transverse fibers containing myosin II. Highly polarized and motile fibroblasts exhibited the highest anisotropy (calmodulin binding) in the retracting tails and in association with contracting transverse fibers in the cortex of the cell. These results suggest that local activation of myosin II-based contractions involves the local binding of calmodulin to target proteins. The results also demonstrate a powerful yet simple mode of light microscopy that will be valuable for mapping molecular binding of suitably labeled macromolecules in living cells.
Using Microsoft Project (Special Edition) (1995)

From the Publisher:
This complete reference on Microsoft Project updates the previous edition for the new functionality of the latest version. Readers will learn how to set up a new project, manage resources, exchange data with other applications, create and use macros, and more!
Provides strong coverage of scheduling, resource management, reports, and automation
Includes Tips, Notes, Cautions, and Troubleshooting sections, as well as Techniques from the Pros
Extensive index helps readers find information quickly and easily
The Meaning of the Ph.D. Degree (1962)

rT HE article by Ralph P. Rosenberg in a recent issue of this journal gives us an excellent picture of the beginnings of doctoral work at Yale University in i86i.1 A detailed analysis of what has happened since that date is to be found in the comprehensive volume by Bernard Berelson, Graduate Education in the United States.2 Mr. Berelson has written with such insight and understanding and has expressed himself so effectively that any attempt to repeat this story seems quite superfluous. Rather, in this short article I will discuss the meaning of the Ph.D. degree as it is now and may be in the future. By so doing, I hope to give the reader a better understanding of some of the issues in the debate with regard to the character of the program leading to this degree. Often the participants in the discussion suspect that they are misunderstood, or are suspicious that their words are not even heard, and the result is a stalemate. The explanation of this frustration is that graduate schools, and especially deans of graduate schools, have one ideaoften a rather definite one-concerning the meaning of a Ph.D. program, whereas those who wish to change the program have quite different objectives and frequently are unaware of the basic assumptions that motivate the administration of graduate work. We may expect that these arguments will increase in frequency and sharpness as the number of students in graduate schools becomes greater and as the types of employment undertaken by those with a Doctor's degree grow more varied. Suggestions for change come not only from college presidents who employ degree-holders for purely teaching purposes, but also from faculty members in universities, students, government agencies, and industry. Another reason for stressing the meaning of a doctoral program is to help us remember its important and vital features as we attempt to adapt our universities to a rapidly changing society. I will not attempt in this brief article to analyze in detail the arguments for changing the Ph.D. degree or the criticisms of it. Any one of these could well be the subject of an entire paper. Rather, it would seem
Development and Evaluation of a Novel Solution, Somah, for the Procurement and Preservation of Beating and Nonbeating Donor Hearts for Transplantation (2009)

The Celsior preservation solution in clinical use today has led to a profound decline in cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell viability, whereas the newly designed Somah solution has safeguarded myocyte and endothelial integrity and function during organ storage. Use of Somah as a storage medium may lead to optimized graft function and long-term patient survival after transplantation.
Crystallin gene expression during rat lens development (1989)

The analysis of the developmental pattern of the alpha A-, alpha B-, beta B1-, beta B2-, beta B3-, beta A3/A1-, and beta s-crystallin genes during fetal and postnatal development of the rat shows that the differential regulation of crystallin synthesis relies on differential gene shutdown rather than differential gene activation; that is, all crystallin genes are active during early development but turn off at different stages. The only two exceptions to this rule are the alpha B- and beta s-crystallin genes. The alpha B-crystallin gene transcript becomes first detectable at 18 days of fetal development, while the beta s-crystallin gene appears to be active only in the postnatal period. We also determined the absolute numbers of the alpha A-, alpha B-, beta B1-, beta B2-, beta B3-, beta A3/A1-, beta s-, and gamma-crystallin gene transcripts present in the lens at various times after birth. Comparison of these RNA data with the published protein data shows that the alpha B- and beta B2-crystallin RNAs are relatively overrepresented, suggesting the possibility that these two RNA species are not used as efficiently as other crystallin mRNAs. Examination of the known (hamster) alpha B-crystallin sequence and elucidation of the (rat) beta B2-crystallin sequence yielded no evidence for aberrant codon usage. These two RNAs have one sequence motif in common: they are the only crystallin mRNAs in which the translation initiation codon is preceded by CCACC.
Adhesive bonding of denture base resins to plastic denture teeth (1990)

The adhesive bonding of denture teeth to denture base resins in dentures with conventional acrylic teeth and crosslinked plastic teeth was investigated. The dentures with highly crosslinked plastic teeth such as SR-Orthosit, Crystal ND, and Mitel-OM showed poor bonding at the tooth/base resin interface using the conventional bonding method. Elimination of the alginate mold lining material in the conventional bonding method effectively improved bonding at the tooth/base resin interface. The application of 4-META adhesive bonding agents to the denture teeth improved the interface bonding of highly crosslinked plastic teeth and the denture base. Dentures with Orthosit and Mitel showed differences in bonding ability when two different adhesives were used.
Autonomous manufacturing systems (2003)

It is noted that autonomous systems provide a new magnitude of flexibility and capability for complex manufacturing requirements. All resources are modeled as intelligent entities that interact with each other in a controlled environment. Each entity has an adaptive and intelligent controller allowing the entity to autonomously pursue multiple goals as both a consumer and a producer. Environment rules are established by local and global multiple-criteria decision systems to resolve conflicts between entities and to optimize their overall performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Absence of γ‐sarcoglycan (35 DAG) in autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy linked to chromosome 13q12 (1996)

We have partially sequenced rabbit skeletal muscle gamma-sarcoglycan, an integral component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. Specific antibodies were produced against a gamma-sarcoglycan peptide and used to examine the expression of gamma-sarcoglycan in skeletal muscle of patients with severe childhood autosomal muscular dystrophy linked to chromosome 13q12 (SCARMD). We show by immunofluorescence and Western blotting that in skeletal muscle from these patients gamma-sarcoglycan is completely absent and alpha- and beta-sarcoglycan are greatly reduced in abundance, whereas other components of the DGC are preserved. In addition, we show that in normal muscle alpha-, beta-, and gamma-sarcoglycan constitute a tightly associated sarcolemma complex which cannot be disrupted by SDS treatment.
Joint dependent passive stiffness in paretic and contralateral limbs of spastic patients with hemiparetic stroke. (1995)

Torque-angle relations at the elbow and ankle joints of relaxed normal controls and patients with hemiparetic stroke were compared. Low velocity flexion/hold/extension angular perturbations were applied to the joint under examination. The resulting torque-angle profiles described a hysteresis loop with similar slopes during the extension and flexion stages but separated by a vertical torque offset. Torque-angle responses obtained in the absence of significant muscle activation, as recorded by surface electromyographic activity, were designated as passive. Elbow passive stiffness estimates were calculated from the slope of the torque-angle response during the flexion stage of the perturbation. The elbow torque-angle plots exhibited linear passive stiffness with magnitude significantly lower than the passive stiffness of the ankle in both normal subjects and spastic patients. Changing ramp velocity had no significant effect on the passive torque-angle hysteresis loop at the elbow. A comparison of the torque-angle relations between hemiparetic spastic and normal control arms showed no significant differences in passive stiffness. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between paretic and contralateral upper limbs of a given hemiparetic subject. By contrast, significant differences in the torque-angle hysteresis loop were present between the paretic and contralateral ankles in all hemiparetic patients tested. These differences were more significant during dorsiflexion, and therefore seem to be related to preferential changes in mechanical properties of plantar flexor muscles. It is hypothesised that the differences in the torque-angle hysteresis loop between elbow and angle joints are related primarily to the larger amount of connective tissue in the calf muscles, as well as to a larger total physiological cross sectional area of calf muscles compared with elbow muscles. It is further hypothesized that the preferential increases in passive stiffness at the ankle in spastic legs result from immobilisation induced changes in muscle connective tissue, which are most prominent in muscles with predominantly slow-twitch fibres (such as soleus). Connective tissue surrounding such slow twitch muscle fibres have been shown to be more sensitive to immobilisation than those in fast twitch muscle. The functional, pathophysiological, and clinical implications of our findings are reviewed.