gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoignition Delay Time Measurements for Natural Gas Fuel Components and their Mixtures (2008)

Recent studies have indicated that small changes in concentration of higher hydrocarbons in natural gas can severely reduce ignition delay times of methane-based fuels. To increase the database of autoignition delay times for methane-based fuel mixtures characteristic of natural gas, experiments to measure autoignition delay times have been performed for a variety of gaseous fuels in an atmospheric flow reactor. Autoignition delay times were measured for pure fuels in air including methane, ethylene, ethane, and propane. The effect of higher hydrocarbon addition on methane-based fuel ignition delay was then investigated for fuel mixtures composed of methane/ethylene, methane/ethane, and methane/propane where methane composition varied from 25-95% by volume. Autoignition delay times were also measured for multi-component methane-based fuels composed of methane/ethane/propane and air. Finally the effect of CO 2 addition on methane autoignition was investigated. For all experiments, Φ ranged between 0.5 and 1.25 and temperatures ranged from 931 K to 1137 K. The measurements made in this study will benefit the combustion community by both providing valuable insight into the effects of additives on methane ignition as well as validation data for chemical kinetics mechanisms for predicting ignition of methane-based fuels.
Potential Cost Savings in Wall Thickness Design of Ultra Deepwater Rigid Pipelines (2011)

The wall thickness is always a cost-related issue for pipeline projects. In some extreme cases thicker pipelines may implicate not only in high CAPEX, but also may threat the whole project viability. For ultra deep water projects, the pipeline wall thickness issues are naturally amplified and sometimes may cause a huge impact in the predicted costs and in the feasibility of the project. Due to future scenarios up to 2500 m (8200 ft) for rigid pipeline installation, several improvement possibilities are discussed in order to allow the reduction of the pipeline wall thickness. The article intends to present the evaluated possibilities to optimize the wall thickness design. Strategies for design and fabrication requirements are discussed in relation to most utilized standards, such as DNV-OS-F101.
Effect of Lipid Excipients on In Vitro Pancreatic Lipase Activity (2003)

The results from this study suggest that these lipid excipients inhibit in vitro pancreatic lipase activity and should be taken into consideration when developing oral formulations using these agents.
Integrated 3D sound intensity sensor with four-wire particle velocity sensors (2008)

A new symmetrical four-wire sensor configuration has resulted in a fully integrated sound intensity sensor with significant lower noise floor and smaller size than its predecessors. An integrated sound pressure senosr was futher miniaturized by using a folded “back echamber’ at both sides of the chip.
Fast and Slow Metabolizers of <i>Hoasca</i> (2005)

Harmine, a major alkaloid in ayahuasca (hoasca), is a selective and reversible inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A). It is also a selective inhibitor of the human cytochrome P450 isozyme 2D6 (CYP 2D6), which metabolizes harmine to a more hydrophilic derivative for eventual excretion. CYP 2D6 exhibits a wide range of polymorphisms in human populations, and variations in this enzymatic activity could account for differences in effects between individuals who use hoasca. This report broadly describes two subgroups of CYP 2D6 phenotypes--i.e., fast and slow metabolizers of harmine-in 14 experienced male members of the União do Vegetal (UDV) who received a standardized dosage of hoasca. To compensate for metabolic variations in their normal religious practice, the administered dose of hoasca is always determined by the presiding mestre, who is responsible for deciding the actual amount for each individual. This age-old method compensates for metabolic variations between individuals and variations in both the alkaloid profile and strength of the hoasca.
Minimally invasive burn care: a review of seven clinical studies of rapid and selective debridement using a bromelain-based debriding enzyme (Nexobrid®). (2015)

Current surgical and non-surgical eschar removal-debridement techniques are invasive or ineffective. A bromelainbased rapid and selective enzymatic debriding agent was developed to overcome these disadvantages and compared with the standard of care (SOC). The safety and efficacy of a novel Debriding Gel Dressing (DGD) was determined in patients with deep partial and full thickness burns covering up to 67% total body surface area (TBSA). This review summarizes data from seven studies, four of which were randomized clinical trials that included a SOC or control vehicle. DGD eschar debridement efficacy was >90% in all studies, comparable to the SOC and significantly greater than the control vehicle. The total area excised was less in patients treated with DGD compared with the control vehicle (22.9% vs. 73.2%, P<0.001) or the surgical/non-surgical SOC (50.5%, P=0.006). The incidence of surgical debridement in patients treated with DGD was lower than the SOC (40/163 [24.5%] vs. 119/170 [70.0%], P0.001). Less autografting was used in all studies. Long-term scar quality and function were similar in DGD- and SOCtreated. DGD is a safe and effective method of burn debridement that offers an alternative to surgical and non-surgical SOC.
Effects of Hypothalamic Deafferentation on Circulating Levels of LH, FSH, Prolactin and Testosterone in the Male Rat1 (1973)

Anterior or total deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) was performed in adult male rats, and LH, FSH, prolactin and testosterone were measured in blood collected by decapitation 6 weeks after surgery. Interruption of the anterior afferents to the MBH significantly reduced circulating levels of prolactin and complete deafferentation resulted in even lower levels. Serum LH, FSH and testosterone were unaffected by the partial deafferentation, but circulating levels of all three hormones were significantly depressed in "complete—cut" rats. Both the concentration and the total content of LH in the pituitary as well as the total pituitary content of prolactin were reduced by complete deafferentation of the MBH. Light microscope examination of the ventral prostate and seminal vesicles in completely deafferented rats indicated a chronic lack of gonadotropic stimulation. The results reveal that the anterior connections to the male MBH do not specifically influence the "tonic" synthesis or release of LH and FSH, but that some other neural input to the MBH is necessary to maintain "tonic" release of LH, FSH and testosterone, and that afferent fibers necessary for maintaining normal circulating levels of prolactin enter the MBH from anterior as well as other borders. (Endocrinology92: 1419, 1973)
Design of optical pulse position modulation (PPM) translating receiver (2009)

A design for a receiver that directly converts PPM pulse positions into bit sequences for arbitrary M and data rate is described in this paper. The design is enabled by lossless splitters based on EDWA/PLCs.
Predicting Tissue Outcome in Acute Human Cerebral Ischemia Using Combined Diffusion- and Perfusion-Weighted MR Imaging (2001)

Algorithms that combine acute DWI and PWI can assess the risk of infarction with higher specificity and sensitivity than algorithms that use DWI or PWI individually. Methods for quantitatively assessing the risk of infarction on a voxel-by-voxel basis show promise as techniques for investigating the natural spatial evolution of ischemic damage in humans.
Purification of Immature Neuronal Cells from Neural Stem Cell Progeny (2011)

Large-scale proliferation and multi-lineage differentiation capabilities make neural stem cells (NSCs) a promising renewable source of cells for therapeutic applications. However, the practical application for neuronal cell replacement is limited by heterogeneity of NSC progeny, relatively low yield of neurons, predominance of astrocytes, poor survival of donor cells following transplantation and the potential for uncontrolled proliferation of precursor cells. To address these impediments, we have developed a method for the generation of highly enriched immature neurons from murine NSC progeny. Adaptation of the standard differentiation procedure in concert with flow cytometry selection, using scattered light and positive fluorescent light selection based on cell surface antibody binding, provided a near pure (97%) immature neuron population. Using the purified neurons, we screened a panel of growth factors and found that bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) demonstrated a strong survival effect on the cells in vitro, and enhanced their functional maturity. This effect was maintained following transplantation into the adult mouse striatum where we observed a 2-fold increase in the survival of the implanted cells and a 3-fold increase in NeuN expression. Additionally, based on the neural-colony forming cell assay (N-CFCA), we noted a 64 fold reduction of the bona fide NSC frequency in neuronal cell population and that implanted donor cells showed no signs of excessive or uncontrolled proliferation. The ability to provide defined neural cell populations from renewable sources such as NSC may find application for cell replacement therapies in the central nervous system.
Pyruvate kinase and the interaction of amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism in solid tumors. (1998)

The interaction between glycolysis, glutaminolysis and tumor growth in WAG/Fra rnu/rnu rats has been investigated. Small tumors are characterized by a low conversion of glucose to lactate whereas the conversion of glutamine to lactate is high. In medium sized tumors the flow of glucose to lactate as well as oxygen utilization are increased whereas glutamine and serine consumption are reduced. At this stage the tumor cells start with glutamate and alanine production. Large tumors are characterized by a low oxygen and glucose supply but a high glucose and oxygen utilization rate. The conversion of glucose to glycine, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, and proline reaches high values and the amino acids are released. Pyruvate kinase increases with tumor weight and is positively correlated with an increase in glucose and oxygen utilization. The shift from glutamate consumption to glutamate production is correlated with an increase in glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activity.
Sterically controlled naphthalene homo-oligoamides with novel structural architectures (2009)

Herein we report novel naphthalene homo-oligoamides, derived from 4-amino-3-methoxy-naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino-1-methoxy-naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid as monomer building blocks, that display an anti-periplanar arrangement of the naphthyl rings, primarily induced by steric interactions between adjacent groups and functionalities.
Composite Reinforced Line Pipe (CRLP) for Onshore Gas Pipelines (2002)

There has been a general trend in the natural gas pipeline transmission industry towards high-pressure pipelines using higher strength steels. However, as the strength has been increased, so have issues of weldability and fracture control. TransCanada PipeLines has been developing and testing a hybrid product since 1996 called Composite Reinforced Line Pipe (CRLP®) to address these issues. This is a patented technology developed by NCF Industries and licensed on a worldwide basis to TransCanada PipeLines. CRLP® is composed of high performance, composite material reinforcing a proven high-strength, low alloy steel pipe. The composite reinforces the steel pipe in the hoop direction, thereby increasing its pressure carrying capacity, while providing a tough, corrosion-resistant coating. This paper discusses recent research work concerning the use of CRLP® for large-diameter gas pipeline systems. Aspects discussed include analysis and design methodologies, full-scale testing, and field trials.
High‐throughput microporous tube‐in‐tube microreactor as novel gas–liquid contactor: Mass transfer study (2010)

Abstract High‐throughput microporous tube‐in‐tube microchannel reactor (MTMCR) was first designed and developed as a novel gas–liquid contactor. Experimentally measured k L α in MTMCR is at least one or two orders of magnitude higher than those in the conventional gas–liquid contactors. A high throughput of 500 L/h for gas and 43.31 L/h for liquid is over 60 times higher than that of T‐type microchannel. An increase of the gas or liquid flow rate, as well as a reduction of the micropore size and annular channel width of MTMCR, could greatly intensify the gas–liquid mass transfer. The interfacial area, α, in MTMCR was measured to be as high as 2.2 × 10 5 m 2 /m 3 , which is much higher than those of microchannels (3400–9000 m 2 /m 3 ) and traditional contactors (50–2050 m 2 /m 3 ). The artificial neural network model was proposed for predicting α, revealing only an average absolute relative error of <5%. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Rayleigh wave spectroscopy for measuring the depth of shallow open fatigue cracks (1981)

The energy in a Rayleigh surface wave is essentially contained in a surface layer less than two wavelengths deep. A broadband pulse will, therefore, have all its high-frequency components close to the surface with only the low frequencies penetrating to the deeper layers. This property of a Rayleigh wave, whereby the frequency spectrum of a pulse varies with depth below the surface, is used to find the depth of open surface breaking fatigue cracks with depths less than the lowest frequency component of the incident wave. The technique is not affected by the path of the crack, its inclination, branching roughness or the presence of residual stresses. It, therefore, measures accurately that property of surface cracks which arc most significant with respect to fracture, life prediction and safety assurance. The paper describes the technique and shows how automatic on-line pattern recognition procedures can be used to measure the depth to a resolution of 0.2 mm. Examples are given for the profiling of a rough surfaced crack.
Hepatitis C virus variants from Vietnam are classifiable into the seventh, eighth, and ninth major genetic groups. (1994)

Thirty-four (41%) of 83 hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolates from commercial blood donors in Vietnam were not classifiable into genotype I/1a, II/1b, III/2a, IV/2b, or V/3a; for 15 of them, the sequence was determined for 1.6 kb in the 5'-terminal region and 1.1 kb in the 3'-terminal region. Comparison of the 15 Vietnamese isolates among themselves and with reported full or partial HCV genomic sequences indicated that they were classifiable into four major groups (groups 6-9) divided into six genotypes (6a, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, and 9a). Vietnamese HCV isolates of genotypes 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, and 9a were significantly different from those classified into groups 4, 5, and 6 based on divergence within partial sequences; those of genotype 6a were homologous to a Hong Kong isolate (HK2) of genotype 6a. Phylogenetic trees based on the envelope 1 (E1) gene (576 bp) of 55 isolates and a part of the nonstructural 5 (NS5) region (1093 bp) of 43 isolates revealed at least nine major groups, three of which (groups 7, 8, and 9) were identified only in Vietnamese blood donors. With a prospect that many more HCV isolates with significant sequence divergence will be reported from all over the world, the domain of the HCV genome to be compared and criteria for grouping/typing and genotyping/subtyping will have to be determined, so that they may be correlated with virological, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics.
Cloning and characterization of a novel gene, DRH1, down-regulated in advanced human hepatocellular carcinoma. (2001)

Few genes related to carcinogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been identified to date. In the present study, we report the cloning and characterization of a novel gene, DRH1, which is frequently down-regulated in HCC. The full-length DRH1 clone contains an open reading frame of 1257 nucleotides encoding 419 amino acids. The deduced DRH1 protein shows 41% identity to VDUP1, expression of which is rapidly induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The DRH1 gene was localized to chromosome 15, and DRH1 protein was mainly observed in the cytoplasm of transiently transfected cells. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of DRH1 was reduced in 29 of 35 (83%) HCCs compared with corresponding noncancerous liver tissue. The average (mean +/- SE) ratio of DRH1 expression level in tumor to corresponding noncancerous tissue was significantly different between well, moderately, and poorly differentiated HCCs (1.15 +/- 0.23, 0.69 +/- 0.10, and 0.19 +/- 0.04, respectively) and between HCCs without and with vascular invasion (0.94 +/- 0.16 and 0.46 +/- 0.07, respectively). These results indicate that the down-regulation of DRH1 occurs not at an early stage but rather at a late stage of HCC progression. Although the function of DRH1 protein is still unknown, our findings suggest that DRH1 is related to the progression of HCC and may provide a new prognostic factor.
Expression of the Pasteurella multocida ompH gene is negatively regulated by the Fur protein (2001)

The fur gene of Pasteurella multocida has been cloned by complementation of an Escherichia coli fur mutant. The P. multocida fur gene, which encodes a predicted protein of 147 amino acids, displaying the highest identity (89%) with the same protein of Haemophilus influenzae, is negatively regulated by its own product. By construction of a P. multocida fur mutant, it has been demonstrated that the ompH gene, encoding a major structural protein of the outer membrane, presenting high antigenicity power, is negatively regulated by iron and glucose. Furthermore, wild-type and fur-defective cells of P. multocida show the same level of virulence.
Service-creation environments for intelligent networks (1992)

Service-creation environments (SCEs) for intelligent networks, the next frontier in telecommunications, are discussed. It is stated that as SCEs become part of network structures, the use of real-time software validation to supplement or eventually supersede regression testing must be implemented. Three elements in the Exploratory Intelligent Network project that may satisfy these requirements are discussed: finite-state tests, call-model standards, and fast real-time processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of body composition on 5 year mortality in patients on regular haemodialysis (2003)

Measurements of regional lean and fat mass volumes by DEXA may be useful for predicting death in patients receiving long-term HD.
Generation of a scaffold free cartilage-like implant from a small amount of starting material (2006)

We believe alginate released chondrocytes provide a real alternative to artificial scaffolds.
Direct demonstration of the human parvovirus in erythroid progenitor cells infected in vitro. (1984)

The human parvovirus (HPV), the cause of transient aplastic crisis of hereditary hemolytic anemia, has been shown to be cytotoxic for erythroid progenitor cells and its presence in these cells demonstrated by morphologic techniques. A relatively pure population of progenitors, isolated by removal of immature erythroid bursts from primary culture, was the target of the virus infection. Infected cells failed to proliferate in secondary culture. Using a monoclonal antibody to HPV, specific fluorescence was demonstrated in a minority of cells 24-48 h after infection with virus. Infected cells examined by electron microscopy showed marked toxic ultrastructural alterations and parvovirus-like particles in crystalline arrays in the nucleus.
Passive and Active Tumour Targeting with Nanocarriers (2011)

Nanocarriers can penetrate the tumour vasculature through its leaky endothelium and, in this way, accumulate in several solid tumours. This is called the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. Together with nanocarriers whose surface is tailored for prolonged blood circulation times, the concept is referred to as passive targeting. Targeting ligands, which bind to specific receptors on the tumour cells and endothelium, can be attached on the nanocarrier surface. This active targeting increases the selectivity of the delivery of drugs. Passive and active drug targeting with nanocarriers to tumours reduce toxic side-effects, increase efficacy, and enhance delivery of poorly soluble or sensitive therapeutic molecules. In this review, currently studied and used passive and active targeting strategies in cancer therapy are presented.
Improved Thermal Management with Reliability Banking (2005)

Using a fixed temperature for thermal throttling is pessimistic. Reduced aging during periods of low temperature can compensate for accelerated aging during periods of high temperature. Runtime tracking of the temperature-dependent aging rate means that throttling is engaged only when necessary to maintain reliability. In this article, we show that the effect of cool (low-temperature) phases can compensate for that of hot (high-temperature) phases on reliability. Existing dynamic thermal management (DTM) techniques ignore the effects of temperature fluctuations on chip lifetime and can unnecessarily impose performance penalties for hot phases. Using electromigration as the targeted failure mechanism, we apply a dynamic reliability model and propose a dynamic reliability management (DRM) technique to dynamically track the consumption of chip lifetime during operation.
P7170, a novel inhibitor of mTORC1/mTORC2 and Activin receptor-like Kinase 1 (ALK1) inhibits the growth of non small cell lung cancer (2014)

Our results provide evidence of antitumor activity of P7170 in the erlotinib -sensitive and -insensitive models of NSCLC.
Convenient Synthesis of<i>N</i>-(2, 2-Dimethyl-1, 3-dioxan-5-yl)-1<i>H</i>-indazole-3-carboxamide, the Intermediate of 5-HT<sub>3</sub>Receptor Antagonist (1997)

Abstract The convenient large-scale synthesis of the title compound, which is the intermediate of potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, N-(1-benzyl-4-memylhexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-6-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (1), is described.
Magnesium ion inhibits spontaneous and induced contractions of isolated uterine muscle (2007)

The present in vitro study suggests a possible benefit of Mg2+ in the inhibition of spontaneous myometrial contractility, but not of uterine-induced hyperactivity.
Dynamic routing, rearrangement, and defragmentation in WDM ring networks (2002)

Simulation studies of dynamic routing with rearrangement in WDM ring networks indicate that up to five addition paths maybe accommodated with 16 wavelengths. Dynamic alteration of a wavelength is necessary to achieve this.
Gas source localization with a micro-drone using bio-inspired and particle filter-based algorithms (2013)

Gas source localization (GSL) with mobile robots is a challenging task due to the unpredictable nature of gas dispersion, the limitations of the currents sensing technologies, and the mobility constraints of ground-based robots. This work proposes an integral solution for the GSL task, including source declaration. We present a novel pseudo-gradient-based plume tracking algorithm and a particle filter-based source declaration approach, and apply it on a gas-sensitive micro-drone. We compare the performance of the proposed system in simulations and real-world experiments against two commonly used tracking algorithms adapted for aerial exploration missions.