gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy-selective laser-based x-ray source for mammography (1998)

X-ray spectra suitable for mammography, created by laser-based x-ray source at laser intensity about 10<SUP>18</SUP> W/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, where investigated. The spectra consisted of a continuous bremsstrahlung emission and discrete K<SUB>(alpha</SUB> ), K<SUB>(beta</SUB> ) lines and have been obtained for Mo, Rh, Ag, In and Sn targets (Z equals 42, 45, 47, 49, and 50) with K<SUB>(alpha</SUB> ) emissions at 17.4, 20.2, 22.2, 24.2, and 25.3 keV, respectively. The continuous bremsstrahlung component extended to high energies with no cut-off energy. The shape of the continuous bremsstrahlung spectrum was described by the function E<SUP>-p</SUP>, where p (greater than 0) was primarily determined by the temperature of hot electrons produced in laser beam- target interaction. The absolute value of x-ray yield was proportional to the atomic number of the target Z. The intensity of characteristic x-rays was about a factor of five higher than the corresponding bremsstrahlung, and showed weak dependence (increase) when the atomic number of the target increased from Z equals 42 to Z equals 50.
IoT-Based Sensing and Communications Infrastructure for the Fresh Food Supply Chain (2018)

Assisted by centralized data collection and analytics, IoT-based mechanisms can substantially reduce food waste, improve transportation and distribution efficiency, and support quick removal of contaminated or spoiled products from the fresh food supply chain.
Questions In American Sign Language: A Quantitative Analysis Of Raised And Lowered Eyebrows (2008)

Although much of linguistic information in American Sign Language (ASL) is conveyed through nonmanual signals, the majority of more than 40 years of research focuses on manual signs. As a result, we are just beginning to understand the role of the face, head, and upper body in signed languages, including eyebrow movement. While researchers generally agree that eyebrows play a role in questions of examined sign languages, they disagree whether upper face nonmanuals are syntactic or prosodic and intonational. Wilbur 2000, 2003 widens the debate to suggest a layered combination in the upper face, where eyebrows represent syntax, and other upper face nonmanuals can simultaneously represent intonation and prosody. The debate over the upper face continues greatly due to a lack of quantitative data, with reliance on only qualitative movement impressions. As a result, ASL curricula do not adequately teach the role of nonmanuals, and ASL questions are often misinterpreted with serious consequences. \n\tThis research presents the first quantitative analysis of eyebrows and reveals how, despite emotional state, ASL maintains linguistic distinctions between questions and statements through eyebrow height. In this study, six native Deaf participants signed yes/no questions, wh-questions, and statements, each in neutral, happy, sad, surprise, and angry states. Over 3500 measurements of consultant eyebrows were recorded from a total of 270 signed sentences. A mixed model was performed using SAS and the eyebrow levels were also charted on a timed series to see patterns. In neutral, brows for the entire sentence raise or lower, with maximums elevating 21% for yes/no questions and lowering 30% for wh-questions, but emotional questions show variable percent changes. Consistent distinctions across emotional states exist between sentence types, however, that depend on timing and spread of raised and lowered eyebrows.\n\tThe data expand on the layering of upper face nonmanuals to support a theory for even more complexity on the face, where both sides of the debate have merit, as eyebrows simultaneously represent syntax, grammatical intonation, and other prosodic intonation that correlates to spoken languages. The work suggests that it is not brow furrowing that should be the focus of investigation into consistent patterns, but brow lowering. The data show a first glimpse at eyebrow height attached to signs in ASL, and new information on how raised and lowered eyebrows spread across constituents in ASL questions, with recommendations for curricula improvements. The results also show that ASL nonmanuals should not be compared to pitch in English but instead better correlate to the layering through pitch in tone languages.
Study on High Temperature Graphitizing Annealing Kinetics for High Manganese Malleable Cast Iron (2007)

High temperature graphitizing annealing kinetics for high manganese malleable cast iron has been investigated.The results show that high temperature graphitizing annealing can be carried out through altering the silicon content of the cast iron.With the increase of the content of silicon,the high temperature graphitizing annealing time decreases.
Formation of 7,9-Disubstituted Xanthinium Compounds Under Mild Conditions by Alkylation of Silylated Xanthines (1994)

Abstract Silylated, 3-unsubstituted xanthine derivatives afford 7,9-diallyl and 7,9-dibenzylxanthinium compounds upon the reaction with excess 2-propenyl (allyl) or benzyl bromide at room temperature.
A Self-Contained Recording Pressure Gauge (1949)

This instrument is a self-contained time versus pressure recording device capable of measuring pressures up to 1200 pounds per square inch at frequencies from 0 to 200 cycles per second over a period of five seconds. The instrument is set in operation by the arrival of a pressure wave above a predetermined threshold, triggering a locking mechanism and permitting compressed springs to drive the record surface past an engraving stylus actuated by a pressure-sensitive diaphragm.
Serenoa repens (Permixon®) inhibits the 5α‐reductase activity of human prostate cancer cell lines without interfering with PSA expression (2004)

The phytotherapeutic agent Serenoa repens is an effective dual inhibitor of 5alpha-reductase isoenzyme activity in the prostate. Unlike other 5alpha-reductase inhibitors, Serenoa repens induces its effects without interfering with the cellular capacity to secrete PSA. Here, we focussed on the possible pathways that might differentiate the action of Permixon from that of synthetic 5alpha-reductase inhibitors. We demonstrate that Serenoa repens, unlike other 5alpha-reductase inhibitors, does not inhibit binding between activated AR and the steroid receptor-binding consensus in the promoter region of the PSA gene. This was shown by a combination of techniques: assessment of the effect of Permixon on androgen action in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line revealed no suppression of AR and maintenance of PSA protein expression at control levels. This was consistent with reporter gene experiments showing that Permixon failed to interfere with AR-mediated transcriptional activation of PSA and that both testosterone and DHT were equally effective at maintaining this activity. Our results demonstrate that despite Serenoa repens effective inhibition of 5alpha-reductase activity in the prostate, it did not suppress PSA secretion. Therefore, we confirm the therapeutic advantage of Serenoa repens over other 5alpha-reductase inhibitors as treatment with the phytotherapeutic agent will permit the continuous use of PSA measurements as a useful biomarker for prostate cancer screening and for evaluating tumour progression.
Effect of Adolescent Obesity on Cardiometabolic Risk in African-Americans and Caucasians (2012)

African-Americans have more hypertension, stroke, and type 2 diabetes than do Caucasians. Endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance are precursors for each. Since these diseases have origins in pediatrics and are associated with obesity, this study was designed to determine if obesity has different effects on endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, and secretion in African-American and Caucasian adolescents. Thirty-three Caucasian and 25 African-Americans (10-18 years old) were subdivided by BMI into lean, overweight, and obesity groups. Endothelial function was measured as forearm vascular resistance (FVR) over 1 min following 5 min of upper arm vascular occlusion. Insulin sensitivity and secretion were measured using intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal model. Postocclusive FVR was significantly increased in obese African-Americans. Insulin sensitivity was reduced in obese subjects but did not differ by race. Insulin secretion was increased in African-Americans but did not differ by obesity. Subjects were subdivided into risk groups based on 20th percentile for postocclusion FVR response in lean. Seven of nine obese African-Americans were in the high risk group compared to 0 of 5 obese Caucasians. These results demonstrate that obesity significantly impairs endothelial function in African-Americans. Endothelial dysfunction likely predisposes to future cardiometabolic disease in obese African-American adolescents.
An Adaptive "Sleep" Algorithm for Efficient Power Management in WLANs (2005)

In an effort to conserve energy, standard protocols for WLANs (IEEE Computer Society, 1997) have the provision for wireless nodes to "sleep" periodically. In this paper we consider the problem of optimizing the timing and duration of sleep states of wireless nodes with the objective of minimizing power consumption with respect to a QoS constraint namely average packet delay. We study downlink traffic only. First, using a dynamic programming formulation coupled with a duality argument, we solve the optimization problem numerically for a two-node system served by a single wired transmitter (access point). Then, using the solutions from the numerical calculations as a guideline, we devise our own algorithm for scheduling the sleep time and duration of multiple wireless nodes operating in an infrastructure mode served by a single access point. Simulation results show that the power efficiency of our algorithm is comparable to the results obtained from the dynamic programming formulation.
Successive survivable routing for node failures (2002)

This paper addresses the spare capacity allocation (SCA) problem considering any single node failure in mesh networks. The SCA node failure problem aims at finding backup routes and providing sufficient spare capacity to protect traffic when any single node fails in a communication network. Here, we introduce our novel matrix formulation of the arc-flow SCA node failure model. In this model, working paths are given before pre-planned backup paths are routed and reserved. Because backup paths can not be guaranteed if general shortest path routing of working paths is used, we give a graph algorithm to find the working path which has at least one node-disjoint backup path. We extend our recent approximation algorithm, successive survivable routing (SSR), to solve the above SCA model. Numerical comparison shows that SSR has the best trade-off between solution optimality and computation speed.
Hormone Interactions to Leu-rich Repeats in the Gonadotropin Receptors (2001)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) binds to the extracellular N-terminal domain, exodomain, of its receptor, and the resulting hCG-exodomain complex is thought to modulate the membrane associated domain, endodomain, of the receptor to generate hormone signal. The bulk of the exodomain is speculated to assume a crescent structure consisting of eight to nine Leu-rich repeats (LRRs), which may provide the hormone contact sites. Unfortunately, little experimental evidence is available for the precise hormone contact points in the exodomain and the endodomain. The two preceding articles (Song, Y., Ji, I., Beauchamp, J., Isaacs, N., and Ji, T. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 3426-3435; Song, Y., Ji, I., Beauchamp, J., Isaacs, N., and Ji, T. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 3436-3442) show that putative LRR2 and LRR4 are crucial for hormone binding. In particular, the N-terminal region of LRR4 assumes the hydrophobic core of the LRR4 loop, whereas the C-terminal region is crucial for signal generation. However, it is unclear whether LRR4 interacts hCG and the endodomain and how it might be involved in signal generation. In this article, our affinity labeling results present the first evidence that the N-terminal region of LRR4 interacts with hCG, preferentially the hCGalpha subunit and that the hCG/LRR4 complex interacts with exoloop 2 of the endodomain. This interaction offers a mechanism to generate hormone signal.
Fyn Associates with Cbl and Phosphorylates Tyrosine 731 in Cbl, A Binding Site for Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (1999)

We have investigated the interaction between Cbl and the Src-related tyrosine kinase Fyn. Fyn was observed to be constitutively associated with Cbl in lysates of several different cell types including the interleukin-3-dependent murine myeloid cell line 32Dcl3, and the prolactin-dependent rat thymoma cell line Nb2. Binding studies indicated that Cbl could bind to glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins encoding the unique, Src homology domain 3 (SH3), and SH2 domains of Fyn, Hck, or Lyn. Fusion proteins encoding either the SH3 or SH2 domains of Fyn bound to Cbl as effectively as the fusion protein encoding the unique, SH3, and SH2 domains of Fyn. The Fyn SH2 domain bound to both tyrosine-phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated Cbl, implying that this interaction might be phosphotyrosine-independent. Binding of the Fyn SH2 domain to Cbl was not disrupted by the addition of phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine, or phosphothreonine. A GST fusion protein encoding the proline-rich region of Cbl bound to Fyn present in a total cell lysate. Far Western blot analysis also indicated that the SH3 domain of Fyn bound preferentially to the proline-rich region of Cbl. The addition of [gamma-32P]ATP to either anti-Cbl immunoprecipitates or anti-Fyn immunoprecipitates resulted in the phosphorylation of both Cbl and Fyn as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation of the phosphorylated proteins with specific antisera. Fyn directly phosphorylated a GST fusion protein containing the C-terminal region of Cbl (GST-CBL-LZIP). In contrast, immunoprecipitated JAK2 was not able to phosphorylate this same region of Cbl. The GST-CBL-LZIP fusion protein contains a binding site for the SH2 domain of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which mapped to Tyr731, which is present in the sequence YEAM. Mutation of Tyr731 in GST-CBL-LZIP eliminated binding of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and substantially reduced the phosphorylation of this fusion protein by Fyn, despite the presence of four other tyrosine residues in this fusion protein. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that Cbl represents a substrate for Src-like kinases that are activated in response to the engagement of cell surface receptors, and that Src-like kinases are responsible for the phosphorylation of a tyrosine residue in Cbl that may regulate activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
Nonstaining (KOH) method for determination of gram reactions of marine bacteria (1982)

A rapid nonstaining (KOH) method for the determination of the Gram reactions of bacteria is described, and its application to marine isolates is discussed. All gram-positive and gram-negative results obtained by Gram staining were confirmed by the KOH method. Gram-variable bacteria produced equivocal results.
Derivatives of imidazo[5,1‐<i>c</i>][1,4]benzoxazin‐l‐ones and related analogs. Part I (1983)

Abstract The bicyclic 2,3,3a,4‐tetrahydro‐1 H ‐imidazo[5,1‐c][1,4]benzoxazin‐1‐one system and the related 1,4‐benzo‐thiazine and 4,1]benzoxazepine analogs were synthesized. They were easily obtained by melting a suitable diamine derivative with urea. Some of them displayed very good reversible MAO‐I activity selective for type A. The preparation of the intermediate amines is also given.
An RCM based approach to (±)-herbertene-1, 14-diol and (±)-tochuinyl acetates (2007)

A sequence comprising of Johnson's ortho ester Claisen rearrangement, alkylation and RCM reactions has been developed for the synthesis of cyclopentenes containing vicinal quaternary carbon atoms. The versatility of the sequence has been demonstrated by the efficient total synthesis of sesquiterpenes tochuinyl acetates and herbertene-1,14-diol.
Fiber ribbon alignment structures based on rhombus-shaped channels in silicon (2000)

A fiber ribbon alignment structure based on bulk silicon micromachining technique with precise rhombus-shaped channels in {100}-silicon is demonstrated. The main advantages are totally buried and thereby protected fibers and a less structured wafer surface suitable for the integration of components on top. The presented structure allows a simplified assembly of fiber ribbon arrays due to integrated funnels for fiber insertion. The accuracy of the channels within an array was found to be /spl plusmn/0.2 μm. Furthermore, this technique allows combining fiber ribbons with a pitch of 250 μm with photodiodes for system monitoring in a single fiber pigtail.
Lipases: Interfacial Enzymes with Attractive Applications (1998)

Unusually versatile substrate specificity is shown by lipases. Not only do they hydrolyze triacylglycerols-for example, in the stomach and intestine during digestion of dietary fat-and various synthetic esters and amides, but their high stability in organic solvents permits their use in transesterification reactions and ester synthesis as well. Reactions based on lipase catalysis usually proceed with high regio- and enantioselectivity. Thus, the Ca<sup>2+</sup> antagonist diltiazem (1) was obtained with lipase from Serratia marcescens. Over 30 lipases have been cloned in the last few years. Since the tertiary structure of 12 lipases is known, there are presently significant efforts to improve this class of enzymes by protein engineering techniques, in view of their use in detergents and other fields of industrial application.
Ultrastructural Pattern of Synapses in the Rat Neostriatum during Postnatal Development (1995)

This study was performed to analyze the morphological changes of synapses during early postnatal periods. Neonatal rats were grouped by 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42day old, and observed the ultrastructural pattern of the synapses in the neostriatum by transmission electron microscope. 1. The number of synapse, the length of postsynaptic thickening and the amount of synaptic vesicles markedly increase during postnatal development 2. The proportion of asymmetric and curved synapses gradually increase by developmental periods. From the above results, it is suggested that the size of synapse increase during post-natal period, and asymmetric synapse are formed from the symmetric type and curved synapse are formed from the plane type.
A non-occlusive model of arterial thrombus formation in the rat and its modification by inhibitors of platelet function, or thrombin activity (1992)

A technically simple model of arterial thrombosis in the rat, induced by a crush injury to the dorsal aorta is described. The mechanical injury to the artery caused deep medial injury and the formation of a platelet-rich thrombus with associated fibrin formation which was assessed both radiometrically and morphometrically. No significant inclusion of erythrocytes was noted in the thrombus. Administration of the platelet inhibitors aspirin, BM 13505 (a thromboxane receptor antagonist) or CGS 12970 (a thromboxane synthase inhibitor) reduced the extent of platelet deposition on the injured vessel, but no decrease in fibrin(ogen) was observed. In contrast, infusion of prostacyclin resulted in reductions in both these components of the thrombus. In studies involving inhibition of thrombin activity, the direct thrombin inhibitor CGP 39393 (recombinant desulphatohirudin) inhibited both the platelet and fibrin(ogen) deposition. The indirect thrombin inhibitors were less effective; unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin inhibited both platelet and fibrin(ogen) deposition but only at doses which rendered the blood uncoagulable, as evaluated by the activated partial thromboplastin time. Dermatan sulphate only inhibited platelet deposition. The results suggest that thrombin plays a key role in the initiation of thrombus formation in this experimental model. The agonist prostaglandins (PGG2, PGH2, and TXA2) would appear to have a supporting role in the platelet deposition onto the thrombotic surface but do not have a role to play with respect to fibrin(ogen) deposition.
Necessity of dietary lecithin and eicosapentaenoic acid for growth, survival, stress resistance and lipoprotein formation in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (2002)

The substitution of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduces larval growth in gilthead sea bream. However, the value of EPA when dietary DHA is able to meet the requirements of the larvae has not been sufficiently studied. Dietary phosphoacylgliceride levels also affect fish growth and it has been suggested that they enhance lipid transport in developing larvae. The present experiment was carried out to further study the effect of dietary lecithin and eicosapentaenoic acid on growth, survival, stress resistance, larval fatty acid composition and lipid transport, when DHA is present in the microdiets of gilthead sea bream. Eighteen thousand gilthead sea bream larvae of 4.99±0.53mm total length were fed three microdiets tested by triplicate: a control diet [2% soybean lecithin (SBL) and 2.89% EPA], a low EPA diet (2% SBL and 1.63% EPA) and a no SBL diet (0% SBL and 2.71% EPA). Handling, temperature and salinity tests determined larval resistance to stress. The results show that when dietary DHA levels are high, but dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) levels are about 0.2%, EPA is necessary to improve larval growth, and survival. Larval EPA content, but not DHA or ARA, was affected by dietary EPA levels. Increased dietary EPA improved larval stress resistance to handling and temperature tests, which could be related to its possible role as a regulator of cortisol production, whereas it did not affect stress resistance after salinity shock. Larvae fed the no SBL diet showed a lower lipid content characterized by a low proportion of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, together with a significant reduction in the appearance of lipoprotein particles in the lamina propria and in the size of such particles, denoting a critical reduction in dietary lipid transport and utilization, and lower larval growth and survival rates.
In a non-emergency, call… Poison center help-line is at the service of pediatricians, too (2010)

A frantic mother calls her local poison control center after her 5-year-old son has swallowed a bite of her lipstick. A father nervously dials the poison center because he suspects his toddler-aged daughter took a swig of a common household cleaner.

These situations are all too common, and many
Adjoint-Based History Matching of Structural Models Using Production and Time-Lapse Seismic Data (2013)

Abstract In spite of large uncertainties in the actual reservoir structure, structural parameters of a reservoir model are usually fixed during history matching and only the flow properties of the model are allowed to vary. This often leads to unlikely or even unfeasible property updates and possibly to a poor predictive capability of the model. In those cases it may be expected that updating of the structural parameters will improve the quality of the history match. Preferably such structural updates should be implemented in the static (geological) model, and not just in the dynamic (flow) model. In this paper we use a gradient-based history matching method to update structural properties of the static model. We use an adjoint method to efficiently compute the derivatives of the data mismatch with respect to grid block porosities in the dynamic model and convert the corresponding volume changes to structural updates (layer thicknesses) in the static model. This method is suitable for structural updating of large scale reservoir models using production data and/or time-lapse seismics or other spatially distributed data. The method is tested on a 3D synthetic model, where time-lapse as well as production data have been used to update depth of the reservoir’s bottom horizon. We obtained significant improvements in the history match quality and the predictive capability of the model.