gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UAV-based stereo vision for photogrammetric survey in aerial terrain mapping (2011)

Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology is becoming useful to solve problems in many applications. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of light weight rotary-wing UAV for mapping simulation model. The objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of the photogrammetric output. This study only concentrates on one type of rotor-wing UAV. It is because rotor-wing units are more stable and able to capture images easily. It allows remote control UAV to be practiced in any environment and urban mapping. In the simulation model, ground control points (GCP) and checked point (CP) were established using total station. The GCP is used in the photogrammetric processes to produce photogrammetric output while the CP is used for accuracy assessment. A Nikon Coolpix consumer digital camera was used for images acquisition of the simulation model where two methods were used. In the first method, the camera was mounted vertically in a rotary-wing UAV and captured the images at an altitude. In the second method, the camera is mounted vertically at a fixed height. The acquired images were processed using photogrammetric software to produce orthophoto and digital elevation model of the simulation model. From this study, it was found that root mean square errors for fixed platform are ±0.002m, ±0.001m, ±0.214m for coordinate x, y and z respectively while the root mean square errors for mobile platform are ±0.002m, ±0.002m, ±0.223m for coordinate x, y and z respectively. It can be concluded that the differences between the mobile and fixed platforms are not significant. In conclusion, UAV system can be used for large scale mapping for aerial terrain mapping.
Framework Isomerism in Vanadium Metal–Organic Frameworks: MIL-88B(V) and MIL-101(V) (2013)

Two families of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), MIL-88 and MIL-101 built by trinuclear transition metal (TM) clusters (TM = Cr, Fe, or Sc), have been known for several years, but their syntheses are often reported separately. In fact, these MOFs are polymorphs, or framework isomers: they are assembled from the same metal secondary building units and organic linkers, but the connectivity of these components differs. Here we report for the first time the synthesis of the vanadium MOF MIL-88B(V) and compare its synthesis parameters to those of MIL-47(V) and the recently reported MIL-101(V). The properties of MIL-88B(V) and MIL-101(V) are remarkably different. MIL-88B(V) can “breathe” and is responsive to different solvents, while MIL-101(V) is rigid and contains mesoporous cages. MIL-101(V) exhibits the highest specific surface area among vanadium MOFs discovered so far. In addition, both MIL-88B(V) and MIL-101(V) transform to MIL-47 at higher temperatures. We have also identified the key synthesis parameters that control the formation of MIL-88B(V), MIL-101(V), and MIL-47: temperature, time, and pH. This relates to the rate of reaction between the metal and linkers, which has been monitored by ex situ X-ray powder diffraction and V K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy during MOF synthesis. It is therefore important to fully study the synthesis conditions to improve our understanding of framework isomerism in MOFs.
Diffraction response for nonzero separation of source and receiver (1977)

Abstract An existing theory based on the Kirchhoff retarded potential method makes distinctive predictions relating the amplitude characteristics of diffraction patterns to the geometry of subsurface reflectors. The application of this theory to seismic stacked sections would offer the geophysicist useful information to be included in subsurface interpretations. However, a possible barrier to such applications arises from the fact that the theory as originally put forth applies only to data recorded with zero source-receiver separation, whereas stacked sections are produced by averaging data recorded over a wide range of shot-geophone distances.To deal properly with seismic data as actually recorded, it is desirable to have a theory of diffraction amplitudes formulated for nonzero separation of source and receiver. This paper develops such a theory through an appropriate extension of the Kirchhoff approach. By expressing the problem in a special coordinate system, the Kirchhoff integral solution of the acoustic wave equation is reduced to a time-domain convolution of the source wavelet with an operator recognized as the impulse response of the subsurface geometry under consideration. Impulse responses are computed explicitly for an infinite reflecting plane and for diffracting edges perpendicular and parallel to the source-receiver axis.The nonzero-separation theory is compared to the zero-separation theory through numerical evaluation of the relevant formulas, and the latter is shown to be a special case of the former, as it should be. More importantly, the unexpected conclusion emerges that diffraction amplitudes at nonzero source-receiver separation are controlled almost exclusively by the location of the source-receiver midpoint. Since the data summed together in stacking all share a common shot-geophone midpoint, the diffraction amplitudes on the stacked trace should behave in good approximation to the zero-separation theory. Theoretical support is thus obtained for applying the zero-separation theory to stacked seismic data.
Polyphenol Increases in Safflower and Cucumber Seedlings Exposed to Strong Visible Light with Limited Water (2002)

To assess effects of the environmental stress on polyphenol compounds (polyphenols) in plants, the polyphenol contents were investigated in the seedlings of safflower (Carthamus tinctrius L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown under three types of growth conditions: control; light stress, irradiated with strong light in the visible wavelength range; and light/water stress, irradiated with strong visible light with a limited water supply. The total polyphenol contents and the amounts of the major polyphenols, especially luteolin 7-O-glucoside in safflower cotyledons, and luteolin 7-O-glucoside and luteolin in safflower foliage leaves, increased in response to both stresses. The polyphenol increasing effect of light/water stress was clearly observed in safflower compared to cucumber, suggesting that plants that are resistant to these stresses can accumulate substantial amounts of polyphenols compared to the plants which respond weakly to the stresses.
Christianity and Paradox. By Ronald W. Hepburn. C. A. Watts & Co., London, 1958. Pp. 209. 18s. (1959)

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Fast model searching and combining for example learning-based super-resolution (2016)

Single-image super-resolution is an important technique for high resolution display related applications. Example learning-based approaches can provide plenty of image details by using trained dataset. The regression based methods reduce the memory storage size by training mapping functions rather than using a huge dictionary. However, the speed of searching the nearest cluster for the desired mapping function is still the bottleneck of the system. This problem is getting critical when the number of mapping functions is increased. This work presents an operator denoted as local multi-gradient level pattern to fast yet effectively describe the patch local geometry for a cluster of patches. The corresponding cluster can then be quickly identified by a simple lookup table. Furthermore, the potential cluster misclassification problem, induced by adopting the simplified clustering feature, is relaxed by applying the proposed model combining scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed one can achieve about 8 times speedup with even higher SSIM as compared to the related k-mean based method.
Plasma protein adsorption to artificial ligament fibers (1995)

The adsorption of plasma proteins onto biomedical polymers is an important factor in the biocompatibility of biomaterials. We identified the plasma proteins adsorbed onto four polymeric fibers used for synthetic ligament replacement: polyarylamide, polylactic acid, polyester, and polypropylene. The adsorbed proteins were eluted and analyzed by one-dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Fibrinogen, albumin, IgG, high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK), and lipoproteins ApoA-1 and ApoE were the major proteins adsorbed onto polyarylamide. The three others biomaterials bound albumin, fibrinogen, ApoA-1, and ApoE; however, the proportions of proteins bound to each polymer differed. There was an inverse relationship between ApoA-1 and fibrinogen binding for all four biomaterials; polyarylamide bound a high percentage of fibrinogen, but little ApoA-1; polylactic acid, polyester, and polypropylene bound a high percentage of ApoA-1, but little fibrinogen. These results support suggestions that low fibrinogen adsorption might be due to the preferential adsorption of Apo-1. High fibrinogen binding to polyarylamide ligaments may favor fibroblast adherence, growth, and tissue repair.
Variable sample rate digital feedback NDA timing synchronization (2002)

The evolving digital television broadcasting standard does not standardize the data rate of the transmitted data but instead leaves it completely unspecified. We propose two digital receiver algorithms for the processing of an extended range of variable sample rates. The algorithms are compared in terms of their complexity and performance. One of the algorithms is based on filtering the received samples prior to timing synchronization, whereas the second algorithm increases the sample rate in the timing recovery loop and matched filter. Both algorithms can be implemented causing negligible loss in a DVB receiver.
Depolymerized Hyaluronan Induces Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, a Negative Regulator of Developmental Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transformation (2006)

Cardiac malformations constitute the most common birth defects, of which heart septal and valve defects are the most frequent forms diagnosed in infancy. These cardiac structures arise from the endocardial cushions through dynamic interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (cardiac jelly). Targeted deletion of the hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) gene in mice results in an absence of hyaluronan (HA), cardiac jelly, and endocardial cushions, a loss of vascular integrity, and death at embryonic day 9.5. Despite the requirements for Has2 and its product, HA, in the developing heart, little is known about the normal processing and removal of HA during development. Cell culture studies show that HA obtains new bioactivity after depolymerization into small oligosaccharides. We previously showed reduction in Has2 expression and diminished presence of HA at later stages of heart development as tissue remodeling formed the leaflets of the cardiac valves. Here we show that small oligosaccharide forms of HA (o-HA) act antagonistically to developmental epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), which is required to generate the progenitor cells that populate the endocardial cushions. We further show that o-HA induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which acts as a negative regulator of EMT. This is the first report illustrating a functional link between oligosaccharide HA and VEGF. Collectively, our data indicate that following endocardial cell EMT, native HA is likely processed to o-HA, which stimulates VEGF activity to attenuate cardiac developmental EMT.
All-fiber-optic sensor for liquid level measurement (1999)

An experimental realization of a simple all-fiber-optic sensor for liquid level measurement is demonstrated. It is an intensity-modulated on–off switching sensor whose operating principle is based on the frustrated-total-internal-reflection effect caused by the refractive-index change of the surrounding medium. The basic optical element in the scheme is a sensing single fiber which serves simultaneously to transmit both the forward laser emission to the investigated medium and the useful signal backreflected from the fiber tip that is the sensing element. In order to achieve a maximum sensor sensitivity, we use a specially shaped fiber tip in two profile variants: angled and retroreflecting. The experimental investigations of the sensor properties and the results obtained at the pure-water level measurement confirm the sensor potential in liquid level determination with a high accuracy, exceeding 10 μm.
Cleavage of Surfactant-Incorporating Fibrin by Different Fibrinolytic Agents: Kinetics of Lysis and Rescue of Surface Activity (1999)

Incorporation of surfactant into polymerizing fibrin causes loss of surface activity and marked retardation of clot lysis by plasmin (Günther and colleagues, Am. J. Physiol. 1994;267:L618-L624). We compared the efficacy of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), activated anisoylated streptokinase-plasminogen activator complex (APSAC), and plasmin to dissolve surfactant-incorporating fibrin. Alveofact was employed as a natural surfactant source, and plasminogen was coincorporated into the fibrin matrix at a physiologic ratio to fibrin. Fibrinolysis was quantified by the release of tracer from (125)I-labeled fibrin, and the pattern of split products was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition, we investigated the fibrinolysis-related restoration of surface activity by measurement in the pulsating bubble surfactometer. Concentrations of all fibrinolytic agents were chosen to effect approximately 40% lysis of clot material in the absence of surfactant (control). When incorporated into the fibrin matrix, but not when admixed after clot formation, surfactant inhibited the cleavage of fibrin by all fibrinolytic agents in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, t-PA and u-PA were significantly less inhibited than was plasmin or APSAC. The pattern of arising fibrin scission products was identical for all fibrinolytic approaches and was independent of surfactant incorporation. Adsorption and minimum surface tension-lowering properties of Alveofact were almost completely lost upon incorporation into fibrin, but surface activity was fully restored upon sustained clot lysis with all fibrinolytic agents. We conclude that the fibrinolytic capacity of all agents investigated is markedly inhibited by surfactant incorporation in fibrin, but this inhibition is significantly less pronounced in the agents employing preincorporated plasminogen (t-PA and u-PA), as compared with plasmin and APSAC. The plasminogen activators may thus proffer to "rescue" pulmonary surfactant function by induction of fibrinolysis in the alveolar compartment.
Identification of a polypeptide associated with the malignant phenotype in acute leukemia. (1988)

A novel polypeptide, designated p18, was detected in a variety of hematopoietic cells by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Quantitative analysis of p18 indicated its occurrence in a substantially greater amount in acute leukemia relative to nonleukemic cells. The increased amount of p18 in leukemia could not be explained on the basis of specific lineage, differentiation stage, or cell proliferation and thus appears to be a part of the malignant phenotype of the leukemic cells.
Phase noise analysis of injected gain switched comb source for coherent communications (2014)

We present experimentally and analytically the phase noise characterization of an externally injected gain switched comb source. The results reveal the residual high frequency FM noise in the comb lines, which stays unnoticed in the optical linewidth value but leads to an increased phase-error variance. The potential impact of the residual phase noise is investigated in a 10.7 GBaud optical DQPSK system where a 2 dB power penalty is recorded at BER of 10(-9). In a 10.7 GBaud digital coherent QPSK system no penalty is observed but with 5 GBaud 16-QAM format a 3 dBpenalty exists at the FEC limit of 4.4e-3.
An Overview of Insulin Pumps and Glucose Sensors for the Generalist (2016)

Continuous subcutaneous insulin, or the insulin pump, has gained popularity and sophistication as a near-physiologic programmable method of insulin delivery that is flexible and lifestyle-friendly. The introduction of continuous monitoring with glucose sensors provides unprecedented access to, and prediction of, a patient's blood glucose levels. Efforts are underway to integrate the two technologies, from "sensor-augmented" and "sensor-driven" pumps to a fully-automated and independent sensing-and-delivery system. Implantable pumps and an early-phase "bionic pancreas" are also in active development. Fine-tuned "pancreas replacement" promises to be one of the many avenues that offers hope for individuals suffering from diabetes. Although endocrinologists and diabetes specialists will continue to maintain expertise in this field, it behooves the primary care physician to have a working knowledge of insulin pumps and sensors to ensure optimal clinical care and decision-making for their patients.
Multihop Localization with Density and Path Length Awareness in Non-Uniform Wireless Sensor Networks (2005)

Localization of wireless micro-sensors which are non-uniformly scattered over a region is a challenging problem. Solutions relying on simple inter-node ranging and then summing up ranges between a node and reference nodes do not necessarily provide reliable position estimation. Besides, in multihop localization, error in distance estimation tends to accumulate with the increase of path length. This is because by increasing hop-counts, the disparity between the actual progressed distance and estimated progressed distance is accumulated. In view of this, a novel multi-hop localization scheme that incorporates density and path-length awareness is proposed for non-uniformly distributed wireless sensor networks. Also, we seek to reduce errors in position estimation introduced by long propagation path.
Research on Vehicle Control Unit based on functional safety (2017)

In recent years, the number of electronic controllers are equipped in vehicle is on the rise. The reliability requirements for vehicle active safety controller are higher and higher, such as VCU (Vehicle Control Unit) and ABS (Antiskid Brake System). The vehicle must enter the security status that ensures vehicle running at a safe mode, even if the vehicle breaks down. If we want to develop a VCU which is based on functional safety, the most important thing is to design a VCU system architecture which is consistent with functional safety. This paper designs the VCU system architecture that is in accordance with function safety and meets the function safety requirements. It contains a double MCU redundant mechanism, a CAN communication diagnosis mechanism and a signal acquisition mechanism. The safety architecture gives a new scheme with plans and ideas for high safety VCU in the future.
Solubility of ammonia in human plasma (1959)

The solubility of ammonia in pooled human plasma was measured by a constant flow equilibration method. The solubility coefficient in liter NH3 (STPD) per liter plasma at 1 mm Hg partial pressure of ammonia was found to be 1.07, .91, .83 and .79 at 32, 37, 40.5 and 41.5℃, respectively. Submitted on September 18, 1958
Temozolomide in radio-chemotherapy combined treatment for newly-diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme: phase II clinical trial. (2004)

The investigated multimodality treatment regimen was well-tolerated and prolonged survival while improving patients' quality of life.
Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Multiple Pertussis Toxins and Toxoids (2010)

Bordetella pertussis (Bp) is the causative agent of pertussis, a vaccine preventable disease occurring primarily in children. In recent years, there has been increased reporting of pertussis. Current pertussis vaccines are acellular and consist of Bp proteins including the major virulence factor pertussis toxin (Ptx), a 5-subunit exotoxin. Variation in Ptx subunit amino acid (AA) sequence could possibly affect the immune response. A blind comparative mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of commercially available Ptx as well as the chemically modified toxoid (Ptxd) from licensed vaccines was performed to assess peptide sequence and AA coverage variability as well as relative amounts of Ptx subunits. Qualitatively, there are similarities among the various sources based on AA percent coverages and MS/MS fragmentation profiles. Additionally, based on a label-free mass spectrometry-based quantification method there is differential relative abundance of the subunits among the sources.
Extreme resistance to <i>Potato virus Y</i> in potato carrying the <i>Ry</i> <sub> <i>sto</i> </sub> gene is mediated by a <scp>TIR</scp> ‐ <scp>NLR</scp> immune receptor (2019)

Potato virus Y (PVY) is a major potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) pathogen that causes severe annual crop losses worth billions of dollars worldwide. PVY is transmitted by aphids, and successful control of virus transmission requires the extensive use of environmentally damaging insecticides to reduce vector populations. Ry<sub>sto</sub> , from the wild relative S. stoloniferum, confers extreme resistance (ER) to PVY and related viruses and is a valuable trait that is widely employed in potato resistance breeding programmes. Ry<sub>sto</sub> was previously mapped to a region of potato chromosome XII, but the specific gene has not been identified to date. In this study, we isolated Ry<sub>sto</sub> using resistance gene enrichment sequencing (RenSeq) and PacBio SMRT (Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time sequencing). Ry<sub>sto</sub> was found to encode a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein with an N-terminal TIR domain and was sufficient for PVY perception and ER in transgenic potato plants. Ry<sub>sto</sub> -dependent extreme resistance was temperature-independent and requires EDS1 and NRG1 proteins. Ry<sub>sto</sub> may prove valuable for creating PVY-resistant cultivars of potato and other Solanaceae crops.
Fiber-Bragg-grating-assisted surface plasmon-polariton sensor (2006)

A theoretical scheme for a new surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) fiber sensor with a fiber Bragg grating imprinted into the fiber core for SPP excitation is presented for the first time to our knowledge. In our scheme the energy in the fiber core mode can be transferred to a SPP with high efficiency by means of a properly designed short-period fiber Bragg grating (SPG). Developed for the cylindrical (fiber) geometry, our scheme without loss of generality can be applied to a planar geometry. Our simulations are based on the coupled-mode method and are performed at telecommunications wavelengths.
Comparative Study on Multilayer Graphene Nanoribbon (MLGNR) Interconnects (2014)

Based on an equivalent single-conductor (ESC) model of multilayer graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR) interconnects with side contacts, comparative study on their distributed parameters and transmission characteristics is performed in this paper. It is found that the number of conducting channels of a metallic MLGNR interconnect is the linear function of its width and Fermi energy, which can be described by an analytical equation. Its equivalent inductance and capacitance in the ESC model can also be characterized by a set of closed-form equations. Furthermore, according to the ITRS projection, transmission performance of the MLGNR interconnects with different contacts are predicted and compared with their Cu and carbon nanotube counterparts at different technology nodes. Also, some numerical results prove that MLGNR interconnects can provide better performance than Cu wires in particular at intermediate level. Even with the maximum crosstalk impacts considered, the advantage of MLGNR interconnects over Cu wires can still be kept.