gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulated Water Deficits Improve Phytochemical Concentration in Lettuce (2010)

In a growth chamber study, lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ) plants were used to evaluate the effects of water deficits on health-promoting phytochemicals with antioxidant properties. Lettuce plants were treated with water stress by withholding water once at 6 weeks after sowing for 2 days or multiple times at 4 weeks for 4 days, at 5 weeks for 3 days, and at 6 weeks for 2 days. Water stress increased the total phenolic concentration and antioxidant capacity in lettuce. Young seedlings, 7 days after germination, had the highest total phenolic concentration and antioxidant capacity, and also, younger plants were typically more responsive to water stress treatments in accumulating the antioxidants than older plants. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase and γ-tocopherol methyltransferase genes, involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and vitamin E, respectively, were activated in response to water stress, although no activation of L-galactose dehydrogenase was detected. Lettuce plants subjected to multiple water stress treatments accumulated significant amounts of chicoric acid compared with the control plants. Although the increase in antioxidant activity in water stress-treated plants at harvest was not as great as in young seedlings, it was significantly higher than the control. One-time water stress treatment of lettuce at the time of harvest did not result in any adverse effect on plant growth. Thus, these results show that mild water stress in lettuce applied just before harvest can enhance its crop quality with regard to its phytochemical concentration without any significant adverse effect on its growth or yield.
Pre‐Rate‐Determining Selectivity in the Terpolymerization of Epoxides, Cyclic Anhydrides, and CO<sub>2</sub>: A One‐Step Route to Diblock Copolymers (2008)

Catching a second wind: In kinetic resolution polymerization, one monomer is consumed faster than the other, which creates diblock copolymers that only slowly approach 100 % conversion and contain tapering. In the title reaction, the opposite is true: the first block forms cleanly, followed by a second block that has an even higher rate of polymerization. This unique reaction allows for the programmed self-assembly of diblock polymers that display little tapering. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z801415_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Learning from examples with quadratic mutual information (2002)

Discusses an algorithm to train nonlinear mappers with information theoretic criteria (entropy or mutual information) directly from a training set. The method is based on a Parzen window estimator and uses Renyi's quadratic definition of entropy and a distance measure based on the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality. We apply the algorithm to the difficult problem of vehicle pose estimation in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with very good results.
Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase as a Target for Anticancer Therapy (2008)

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) is a recently discovered enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 3'-phosphotyrosyl bonds. Such linkages form in vivo following the DNA processing activity of topoisomerase I (Top1). For this reason, Tdp1 has been implicated in the repair of irreversible Top1-DNA covalent complexes, which can be generated by either exogenous or endogenous factors. Tdp1 has been regarded as a potential therapeutic co-target of Top1 in that it seemingly counteracts the effects of Top1 inhibitors, such as camptothecin and its clinically used derivatives. Thus, by reducing the repair of Top1-DNA lesions, Tdp1 inhibitors have the potential to augment the anticancer activity of Top1 inhibitors provided there is a presence of genetic abnormalities related to DNA checkpoint and repair pathways. Human Tdp1 can also hydrolyze other 3'-end DNA alterations including 3'-phosphoglycolates and 3'-abasic sites indicating it may function as a general 3'-DNA phosphodiesterase and repair enzyme. The importance of Tdp1 in humans is highlighted by the observation that a recessive mutation in the human TDP1 gene is responsible for the inherited disorder, spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy (SCAN1). This review provides a summary of the biochemical and cellular processes performed by Tdp1 as well as the rationale behind the development of Tdp1 inhibitors for anticancer therapy.
Water-Soluble Derivatives of Menadione<sup>1</sup> (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWater-Soluble Derivatives of Menadione1Amel R. MenottiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 6, 1209–1211Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01246a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01246a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhancing security in the memory management unit (1999)

We propose an hardware solution to several security problems that are difficult to solve on classical processor architectures, like licensing, electronic commerce, or software privacy. The memory management unit which provides multitasking and virtual memory support is extended and given a third purpose: to supply strong hardware security support for the software layer. The principle of this enhanced device, that we call a Security Management Unit (or SMU), is based on ciphered program execution and access control. It is composed of a pipelined block ciphering/deciphering unit, an infernal permanent memory and logic control, whose interaction is explained in this paper.
Low Copy Number and Limited Variability of Proviral DNA in Alveolar Macrophages from HIV-1-Infected Patients: Evidence for Genetic Differences in HIV-1 between Lung and Blood Macrophage Populations (1995)

The results suggest the HIV-1 infection in AM is restricted in vivo with low viral burden and homogenous genotype. We propose that the pulmonary microenvironment may limit the extent of HIV-1 infection.
Genetic Characterization of Human Influenza Viruses in the Pandemic (2009–2010) and Post-Pandemic (2010–2011) Periods in Japan (2012)

In the pandemic period (2009-2010), the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus was the only circulating strain isolated. None of the 601 A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolates had the H275Y substitution in NA (oseltamivir resistance) while 599/601 isolates (99.7%) had the S31N substitution in M2 (amantadine resistance). In the post-pandemic period (2010-2011), cocirculation of different types and subtypes of influenza viruses was observed. Of the 1,278 samples analyzed, 414 (42.6%) were A(H1N1)pdm09, 525 (54.0%) were A(H3N2) and 33 (3.4%) were type-B viruses. Among A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates, 2 (0.5%) were oseltamivir-resistant and all were amantadine-resistant. Among A(H3N2) viruses, 520 (99.0%) were amantadine-resistant. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses from the post-pandemic period showed further evolution from the pandemic period viruses. For viruses that circulated in 2010-2011, strain predominance varied among prefectures. In Hokkaido, Niigata, Gunma and Nagasaki, A(H3N2) viruses (A/Perth/16/2009-like) were predominant whereas, in Kyoto, Hyogo and Osaka, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses (A/New_York/10/2009-like) were predominant. Influenza B Victoria(HA)-Yamagata(NA) reassortant viruses (B/Brisbane/60/2008-like) were predominant while a small proportion was in Yamagata lineage. Genetic variants with mutations at antigenic sites were identified in A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and type-B viruses in the 2010-2011 season but did not show a change in antigenicity when compared with respective vaccine strains.
Stochastic Answer Networks for Machine Reading Comprehension (2017)

We propose a simple yet robust stochastic answer network (SAN) that simulates multi-step reasoning in machine reading comprehension. Compared to previous work such as ReasoNet which used reinforcement learning to determine the number of steps, the unique feature is the use of a kind of stochastic prediction dropout on the answer module (final layer) of the neural network during the training. We show that this simple trick improves robustness and achieves results competitive to the state-of-the-art on the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD), the Adversarial SQuAD, and the Microsoft MAchine Reading COmprehension Dataset (MS MARCO).
A survey of mobility in information-centric networks (2012)

In essence, an information-centric network (ICN) is one which supports a content request/reply model. One proposed benefit of this is improved mobility. This can refer to provider, consumer or content mobility. Despite this, little specific research has looked into the effectiveness of ICN in this regard. This paper presents a survey of some of the key ICN technologies, alongside their individual approaches to mobility. Through this, we highlight some of the promising benefits of ICN, before discussing important future research questions that must be answered.
Frictional Insertion Kinetics of Bone Biopsy Needles (2001)

Patients undergoing a percutaneous bone biopsy often complain of pain during needle insertion, despite local anesthesia. Bone biopsy needles are typically inserted with combined axial and twisting motions. These motions could cause pain through frictional heating or direct mechanical irritation. The hypothesis of this study is that the insertion energy of bone biopsy needles can be reduced by modifying the insertion kinetics or by adding a friction-lowering coating to the needles. Jamshidi bone biopsy needles were driven into a bone analog model by an MTS materials testing machine operating under axial and rotational displacement control. The load/torque recordings showed that, to significantly decrease insertion energy and peak resistance to needle insertion, axial velocity and angular frequency had to be decreased to one quarter of the baseline, typical-usage parameters. However the increased insertion time may not be acceptable clinically. The majority of the insertion energy was associated with the needle axial thrust rather than with needle twisting. Overcoming friction against the side of the needle consumed much more of the insertion energy than did the process of cutting per se. None of five needle coatings tested succeeded in appreciably lowering the insertion energy, and none achieved a substantial decrease in peak resisting force.
An enhancer "core" DNA-binding and transcriptional activity is induced upon transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts. (1992)

A novel DNA-binding activity, hereafter referred to as MECA, is induced upon transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts by the collaborative action of the oncogenes myc and ras. MECA is targeted to the enhancer "core" element of the Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus LTR. Its binding site can direct transcription from a heterologous promoter and EJras, but not c-myc, potentiates the transcriptional activity. A two point mutation within the enhancer "core" abolishes both DNA-binding by MECA and transcriptional activity. MECA may mediate some of the transforming effects of ras, and thus belongs in the family of transformation-specific DNA-binding activities with members such as AP-1, PEA3 and NF-kB.
Stimulation and inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocytes phagocytosis by lipoamino acids isolated from Serratia marcescens (1993)

The role of the lipoamino acids (serratamolide and ornithine lipid), membrane lipid components of Serratia marcescens, was examined in phagocytosis and phagosome-lysosome fusion of human peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes. A mutant strain of Serratia marcescens (NS 38-09) lacking serratamolide was actively phagocytosed by human PMN, while the wild-type strain (NS 38) producing serratamolide was more resistant to phagocytosis by human PMN. Phagocytosis of killed Staphylococcus aureus coated with lipoamino acid (serratamolide), showed that they were more resistant to phagocytosis by PMN, while the cells coated with ornithine lipid or serratamic acid were phagocytosed more actively. Staphylococci coated with phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylglycerol had no significant effect on phagocytosis by PMN. Phagosome-lysosome fusion by PMN labelled with acridine orange was examined by fluorescence microscopy. The fusion indices of lipoamino acid-coated staphylococci were the same as that of controls. Further, ornithine lipid-coated staphylococci stimulated the release of superoxide anion from PMN slightly, but serratamolide did not. These results suggested that serratamolide may contribute to the virulence of S. marcescens in vitro.
Polymorphisms of the endothelin-A and -B receptor genes in relation to blood pressure and myocardial infarction The etude cas-témoins sur l'infarctus du myocarde (ECTIM) study (1999)

Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor that has also mitogenic properties, stimulating the synthesis and secretion of several vasoactive molecules. There is much evidence to suggest that endothelin-1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and ischemic heart disease. Endothelin-1 exerts its effects through at least two receptors, ET(A) and ET(B), which are encoded by different genes and have separate tissue distributions and biologic properties. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphisms of the ET(A) and ET(B) receptor genes and to study their association with myocardial infarction (MI) and blood pressure. The coding regions and 1.3 kb upstream of the ET(A) and ET(B) receptor genes were explored by polymerase chain reaction/single strand conformation polymorphism. Six polymorphisms were found in the ET(A) receptor gene and three in the ET(B) receptor gene. Most of these polymorphisms were frequent. Associations between the detected polymorphisms, blood pressure, and MI were examined in the ECTIM study, a multicenter study comparing 652 patients having survived an MI and 773 controls from Belfast (Northern Ireland) and France. Alleles at the different polymorphic sites were similarly distributed in patients with MI and controls. Allele frequencies were similar in both countries, except for the ET(A)/-231 G allele, which appeared more frequently in France than in Belfast (P < .01). The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels did not significantly differ between genotypes. However, a C/T substitution located in the nontranslated part of exon 8 of the ET(A) receptor gene (ET(A)/EX8nt1363) was associated with pulse pressure (P < .005). These results do not support an involvement of the endothelin receptor genes in a predisposition to MI or the determination of blood pressure levels, but suggest that a polymorphism of the ET(A) receptor gene might influence the pulse pressure. This result will have to be confirmed in other studies.
Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. (2007)

The World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization have worked to quantify the energy and nutrient needs of populations since 1949. This is the latest in a series of reports that aim to provide: updates on protein and amino acid requirements in health and disease for all age groups and pregnant and lactating mothers; recommendations on protein requirements in health and disease, including their implications for developing countries; recommendations on protein quality and labelling for worldwide use. This report provides the tools to address practical questions on the adequacy of food supplies, targets for food and nutrition policy, and labelling of protein quality. It contains specific recommendations for infant, child and adult nutrition. This report is an essential reference for those who need to determine the adequacy of population food intakes; set national food and nutrition guidelines and regulations on the protein and amino acid content of industrially processed foods; determine nutrient needs, and evaluate and ensure the adequacy of rations for vulnerable groups. The tools in this report can also be used to map and monitor global food shortages and under-nutrition through early warning systems.
Multimedia Memory Cues for Augmenting Human Memory (2016)

Technology has always had a direct impact on what humans remember. In the era of smartphones and wearable devices, people easily capture information, such as pictures and videos, on a daily basis. The so-called "quantified self" movement focuses on using such captured multimedia information, often in combination with additional contextual data (such as GPS traces or social media posts), with the goal of extracting and providing better insights into people's everyday actions (for example, fitness tracking, work productivity, and dieting). However, a more interesting use of such captured data might be to directly support human memory. Here, the authors describe their efforts in the EU Recall project to extract memory cues from multimedia records to augment human memory beyond simple memory prosthetics.
Text Segmentation based on Semantic Word Embeddings (2015)

We explore the use of semantic word embeddings in text segmentation algorithms, including the C99 segmentation algorithm and new algorithms inspired by the distributed word vector representation. By developing a general framework for discussing a class of segmentation objectives, we study the effectiveness of greedy versus exact optimization approaches and suggest a new iterative refinement technique for improving the performance of greedy strategies. We compare our results to known benchmarks, using known metrics. We demonstrate state-of-the-art performance for an untrained method with our Content Vector Segmentation (CVS) on the Choi test set. Finally, we apply the segmentation procedure to an in-the-wild dataset consisting of text extracted from scholarly articles in the arXiv.org database.
Integration of bovine leukemia virus DNA in the bovine genome. (1979)

DNA preparations from circulating leukocytes, lymph node tumors, and spleens of three bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle were fractionated by Cs2SO4/3,6-bis(acetatomercurimethyl)dioxane density gradient centrifugation. Bovine leukemia virus proviral sequences were found in large GC-rich fragments having a buoyant density in CsCl close to 1.708 g/cm3. Provirus integration, therefore, does not take place at random locations in the host genome, but in a specific class of DNA segments. Hybridization of cDNA synthesized on viral RNA to EcoRI and Xba I restriction fragments of the DNA from infected cells showed that: (i) only one copy of proviral DNA is integrated per haploid genome; (ii) different restriction patterns were found in the proviral DNAs present in the genomes of different animals, providing evidence for the existence of several strains or mutants; and (iii) different integration sites for the proviral DNA were found in the genome of different animals and of different infected cells in the same animal. The latter finding strongly suggests a polyclonal origin of bovine leukemia virus-infected cells.
Synthesizing Petri nets from state-based models (1995)

This paper presents a method to synthesize labeled Petri nets from state-based models. Although state-based models (such as Finite State Machines) are a powerful formalism to describe the behavior of sequential systems, they cannot explicitly express the notions of concurrency, causality and conflict. Petri nets can naturally capture these notions. The proposed method in based on deriving an Elementary Transition System (ETS) from a specification model. Previous work has shown that for any ETS there exists a Petri net with minimum transition count (one transition for each label) with a reachability graph isomorphic to the original ETS. This paper presents the first known approach to obtain an ETS from a non-elementary TS and derive a place-irredundant Petri net. Furthermore, by imposing constraints on the synthesis method, different classes of Petri nets can be derived from the same reachability graph (pure, free choice, unique choice). This method has been implemented and efficiently applied in different frameworks: Petri net composition, synthesis of Petri nets from asynchronous circuits, and resynthesis of Petri nets.
Rural protein insufficiency in a wildlife-depleted West African farm-forest landscape (2017)

These findings indicate that despite wildlife depletion, bushmeat continues to make a substantial contribution to protein consumption, especially during the agricultural lean season. Income shortages among farmers limit their ability to purchase bushmeat or its substitutes, suggesting that wildlife depletion may cause malnutrition.
A Study on Geo-location Authentication Techniques (2014)

The explosive growth of the information over the internet makes a crucial task to make network safe and secure with many users hits and connectivity. Geo location based network provides context-aware services that help associate location with users and content. This paper proposes a survey between different technique to which is related to Geo location based Networks. The purpose of Geo location based network is to secure system from disparate user, so that the right user can take the right decision for the security of the items which are relevant for them. In this paper we are comparing different techniques on different aspects of systems which is used in Geo location based network.
Culture of mouse spermatogonial stem cells (1998)

Spermatogenesis occurs within the seminiferous tubules of mammals by a complex process that is highly organized, extremely efficient and very productive. At the foundation of this process is the spermatogonial stem cell that is capable of both self-renewal and production of progeny cells, which undergo differentiation over a period of weeks to months in order to generate mature spermatozoa. It had been thought that germ cells survive only a brief period in culture, generally less than a few weeks. However, an accurate assessment of the presence of spermatogonial stem cells in any cell population has only recently become possible with development of the spermatogonial transplantation technique. Using this technique, we have demonstrated that mouse spermatogonial stem cells can be maintained in culture for approximately 4 months and will generate spermatogenesis following transplantation to the seminiferous tubules of an appropriate recipient. Extensive areas of cultured donor cell-derived spermatogenesis are generated in the host, and production of mature spermatozoa occurs. Cultivation of the testis cells on STO feeders is beneficial to stem cell survival. These results provide the first step in establishing a system that will permit spermatogonial stem cells to be cultivated and their number increased in vitro to allow for genetic modification before transplantation to a recipient testis.