gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2.5D full‐wavefield viscoacoustic invercion<sup>1</sup> (1995)

Abstract Full‐wavefield inversion for distributions of acoustic velocity, density and Q on a vertical slice through a25D model is implemented for common‐source gathers in a cross‐hole geometry. The wavefield extrapolation used is 3D, so all geometrical spreading, scattering, reflection, and transmission effects are correctly and automatically compensated for. In order to keep the number of unknowns tractable, application was limited to 2.5D models of known geometry; the latter assurnes a prior step, such as tomography, to fix the layer geometries. With the model geometry fixed, reliable solutions are obtained using synthetic data from only two independent source locations. Solutions from data with noisy and missing traces are comparable to those from noise‐free data, but with higher residuals. When the source locations are spatially widely separated, conunon‐source gathers may be summed and treated as a single wavefield to yield the same model estimates as when the individual source wavefields are treated separately, at substantially reduced cost. Inversions for full 3D parameter distributions can be handled with the same software, requiring only solution for more unknowns.
Privacy-preserving audience measurement in practice — Opportunities and challenges (2017)

The current practices of Web analytics and independent audience measurement are under legal and societal scrutiny, and the implemented and currently suggested approaches are either impractical, or most likely illegal under the upcoming General Data Protection Regulations of the European Union. While local solutions may achieve compliance for analytics, audience measurement inherently requires an independent third party for the verification of claimed audiences - a special challenge under the GDPR. We hence suggest to move the data processing from the measurement provider to the browser and to submit only unidentified aggregates, possibly over anonymization services, for mere counting. Our solution, though work in progress, hence achieves reliable verification but prevents identifiability, and thus ensures the users' privacy.
Effect of an oxygen plasma on uncoated thin aluminum reflecting films (1987)

Thin aluminum films were considered for use as a reflective surface for solar collectors on orbiting solar dynamic power systems. A matter of concern is the durability of such reflective coatings against oxidative attack by highly reactive neutral atomic oxygen, which is the predominate chemical specie in low Earth orbit. Research to date was aimed at evaluating the protective merit of thin dielectric coatings over the aluminum or other reflective metals. However, an uncoated aluminum reflector may self-protect by virtue of the oxide formed from its exposed surface, which constitutes a physical barrier to further oxidation. This possibility was investigated, and an attempt was made to characterize the effects of atomic oxygen on thin Al films using photomicrographs, scanning electron microscopy, spectrophotometry, Auger analysis, and mass measurements. Data collected in a parallel effort is discussed for its comparative value. The results of the investigation of uncoated aluminum supported the self-protection hypothesis, and importantly, it was found that long term specular reflectance for uncoated aluminum exceeded that of Al and Ag reflectors with dielectric coatings.
Individualized current-shaping reduces DBS-induced dysarthria in patients with essential tremor (2014)

This study provides Class IV evidence that in patients with ET treated with DBS with SID, individualized cs-ILS reduces dysarthria while maintaining tremor control.
Linking Bacterial Metabolism to Graphite Cathodes: Electrochemical Insights into the H<sub>2</sub>‐Producing Capability of <i>Desulfovibrio</i> sp. (2012)

Microbial biocathodes allow converting and storing electricity produced from renewable sources in chemical fuels (e.g., H(2) ) and are, therefore, attracting considerable attention as alternative catalysts to more expensive and less available noble metals (notably Pt). Microbial biocathodes for H(2) production rely on the ability of hydrogenase-possessing microorganisms to catalyze proton reduction, with a solid electrode serving as direct electron donor. This study provides new chemical and electrochemical data on the bioelectrocatalytic activity of Desulfovibrio species. A combination of chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy tests were used to assess the performance of the H(2) -producing microbial biocathode and to shed light on the involved electron transfer mechanisms. Cells attached onto a graphite electrode were found to catalyze H(2) production for cathode potentials more reducing than -900 mV vs. standard hydrogen electrode. The highest obtained H(2) production was 8 mmol L(-1) per day, with a Coulombic efficiency close to 100 %. The electrochemical performance of the biocathode changed over time probably due to the occurrence of enzyme activation processes induced by extended electrode polarization. Remarkably, H(2) (at least up to 20 % v/v) was not found to significantly inhibit its own production.
A high-performance, tailor-made resolving agent: remarkable enhancement of resolution ability by introducing a naphthyl group into the fundamental skeleton (2000)

A novel resolving agent, 2-naphthylglycolic acid (2-NGA), was designed for p-substituted 1-arylethylamines on the basis of the consideration that a rigid and large naphthyl group would be favorable for the close packing of supramolecular hydrogen-bond sheets formed between the carboxy groups of 2-NGA and the amino groups of p-substituted 1-arylethylamines. Racemic 2-NGA was readily available from commercially available raw materials, and both enantiopure forms could be obtained by simple diastereomeric resolution with enantiopure 1-phenylethylamine. Thus-prepared enantiopure 2-NGA was found to have an excellent resolution ability not only for p-substituted 1-arylethylamines, but also for a wide variety of chiral primary amines. X-Ray crystallographic analyses of the less- and more-soluble diastereomeric salts revealed that this excellent resolution ability of 2-NGA arose from the formation of a supramolecular hydrogen-bond sheet with the primary amine, as we had expected, and also from the possible achievement of an infinite chain of CH⋯π interaction between its naphthyl group and the aromatic group of the amine, which was formed in the hydrophobic region of the supramolecular hydrogen-bond sheet.
Growth‐inhibitory and chemosensitizing effects of the glutathione‐<i>S</i>‐transferase‐π‐activated nitric oxide donor PABA/NO in malignant gliomas (2011)

Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are upregulated in malignant gliomas and contribute to their chemoresistance. The nitric oxide (NO) donor PABA/NO (O(2) -{2,4-dinitro-5-[4-(N-methylamino)benzoyloxy]phenyl} 1-(N,N-dimethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate) generates NO upon selective enzymatic activation by GST-π-inducing selective biological effects in tumors. Tumor cell killing and chemosensitization were observed in a variety of tumors after exposure to GST-activated NO donor drugs. In our project, cytotoxic and chemosensitizing effects of PABA/NO in combination with carboplatin (CPT) and temozolomide (TMZ) were studied in human U87 glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. U87 glioma cells were exposed to PABA/NO alone or in combination with CPT or TMZ for 24 hr. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay after 24-hr incubation and 48 hr after drug removal. The antiproliferative effect of PABA/NO was assessed in an intracranial U87 glioma nude rat model comparing subcutaneous administration and intratumoral delivery by convection-enhanced delivery. PABA/NO monotherapy showed a strong dose-dependent growth-inhibitory effect in U87 glioma cells in vitro, and a strong synergistic effect was observed after concomitant treatment with TMZ, but not with CPT. Systemic and intratumoral PABA/NO administration significantly reduced cell proliferation, but this did not result in prolonged survival in nude rats with intracranial U87 gliomas. PABA/NO has potent antiproliferative effects, sensitizes U87 glioma cells to TMZ in vitro and shows some in vivo efficacy. Further studies are still required to consolidate the role of NO donor therapy in glioma treatment.
Integrating register allocation and instruction scheduling for RISCs (1991)

To achieve high performance in uniprocessor RISC systems, compilers must perform both register allocation to reduce memory references and instruction scheduling to avoid pipeline hazards. Compilers that separate the two functions should perform poorly on uniprocessor RISCS that support multi-cycle operations, particularly on computation-intensive workloads. This is because the lack of coordination between register allocation and instruction scheduling results in poor use of the register set. In this paper we compare three code generation strategies on three RISC processors that support multi-cycle operations. The first strategy completely separates register allocation and instruction scheduling; the second logically separates the two phases, but uses a heuristic to force the instruction scheduler, which runs first, to adhere to the same restrictions as the register allocator; the third performs pre-scheduling to calculate schedule cost estimates that enable the register allocator to find a balance between using registers to avoid pipeline delays and using them to reduce memory references. Our results show that separating register allocation and code scheduling produces inefficient code. However, a technique as complex as the third alternative brings little added benefit over the second.
Usability and Acceptance of UF-IBA, an Image-Based Authentication System (2007)

Text-based username-password systems have been traditionally used in authenticating users before allowing them access to online services. Psychological studies have shown users' inability to recall random sequences of alpha-numeric strings, which theoretically make the best passwords. Image-based authentication (IBA) systems show great promise in circumventing users' inherent weakness. This paper provides design details of a fully functional experimental IBA system deployed at the University of Florida's CISE department, exposes issues faced by the researchers regarding user acceptance, and suggests how to make such IBA systems more usable. This paper further provides key usability insights gained from analyzing the log files of users using the system over a period of more than two semesters.
Ultra Structural Analysis and Lipid Staining of Biodiesel Producing Microalgae -<i>Chlorella Vulgaris</i>Collected From Various Ponds in Tamil Nadu, India (2011)

The present research paper describes to evaluate 10 different Microalgal lipid contents by Nile red and Bodipy staining. The ultra structural studies were carried out by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The micro algal samples were collected from the province of Tamil Nadu, located in Southern India. Compared to Nile Red stain, Bodipy is a specific stain to detect lipid content present in the living algal cells. The study clearly describe that Chlorella vulgaris stained by Bodipy, have shown more lipid content than other microalgae collected from various location.
A 2.5 V 100 MS/s 8 bit ADC using pre-linearization input buffer and level up DAC/subtractor (2002)

This paper describes a 2.5 V 100 MS/s 8 bit subranging Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). To achieve such low voltage operation and high-speed conversion rate at the same time, a "pre-linearization input buffer" and "level up DAC/subtractor" have been newly developed. These circuits prevent voltage drops on the internal analog signal path and make the supply voltage reduction possible. The ADC also uses a simple encoder scheme "noise immunity encoder" that is resistant to bubbling error for thermometer code.
Measurement and Analysis of the Flowfields Induced by Suction Perforations (1998)

The flow physics of laminar flow control suction surfaces is revealed by performing a detailed fundamental experimental investigation of an isolated suction perforation. A unique series of nonintrusive, high-resolution measurements are obtained using a three-component laser Doppler velocimetry system, and experiments are conducted in a low-speed, low-turbulence wind tunnel. The suction perforation flowfields are mapped for a range of sub- and supercritical suction rates and are found to be highly three dimensional. A rich variety of flowfield features is observed, including a pair of counter-rotating longitudinal vortices, multiple corotating longitudinal vortices, spanwise variations of the mean flow, and inherently unstable boundary-layer profiles. Critical suction limits, over a range of freestream speeds, are determined, and a new design criterion for critical suction is established. It is also shown that for sufficiently small perforations, irrespective of suction flow, boundary-layer transition does not occur. Further analyses of the measurements explore the possibility of interaction between the crossflow vortices and the suction-induced longitudinal vortices
Synthesis of Ni–Ru Alloy Nanoparticles and Their High Catalytic Activity in Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane (2012)

We report the synthesis and characterization of new Ni(x)Ru(1-x) (x = 0.56-0.74) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) and their catalytic activity for hydrogen release in the ammonia borane hydrolysis process. The alloy NPs were obtained by wet-chemistry method using a rapid lithium triethylborohydride reduction of Ni(2+) and Ru(3+) precursors in oleylamine. The nature of each alloy sample was fully characterized by TEM, XRD, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We found that the as-prepared Ni-Ru alloy NPs exhibited exceptional catalytic activity for the ammonia borane hydrolysis reaction for hydrogen release. All Ni-Ru alloy NPs, and in particular the Ni(0.74)Ru(0.26) sample, outperform the activity of similar size monometallic Ni and Ru NPs, and even of Ni@Ru core-shell NPs. The hydrolysis activation energy for the Ni(0.74)Ru(0.26) alloy catalyst was measured to be approximately 37 kJ mol(-1). This value is considerably lower than the values measured for monometallic Ni (≈70 kJ mol(-1)) and Ru NPs (≈49 kJ mol(-1)), and for Ni@Ru (≈44 kJ mol(-1)), and is also lower than the values of most noble-metal-containing bimetallic NPs reported in the literature. Thus, a remarkable improvement of catalytic activity of Ru in the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane was obtained by alloying Ru with a Ni, which is a relatively cheap metal.
Diabetes Mellitus, Hypercholesterolemia, and Hypertension but Not Vascular Disease Per Se Are Associated With Persistent Platelet Activation In Vivo (1997)

Background Previous studies relating increased thromboxane (TX) biosynthesis to cardiovascular risk factors do not answer the question whether platelet activation is merely a consequence of more prevalent atherosclerotic lesions or reflects the influence of metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances on platelet biochemistry and function. Methods and Results We examined 64 patients with large-vessel peripheral arterial disease and 64 age- and sex-matched control subjects. TXA 2 biosynthesis was investigated in relation to cardiovascular risk factors by repeated measurements of the urinary excretion of its major enzymatic metabolite, 11-dehydro-TXB 2 , by radioimmunoassay. Urinary 11-dehydro-TXB 2 was significantly ( P =.0001) higher in patients with peripheral arterial disease (57±26 ng/h) than in control subjects (26±7 ng/h). Seventy percent of patients had metabolite excretion >2 SD above the normal mean. However, 11-dehydro-TXB 2 excretion was enhanced only in association with cardiovascular risk factors. Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension were independently related to 11-dehydro-TXB 2 excretion. During a median follow-up of 48 months, 8 patients experienced major vascular events. These patients had significantly ( P =.001) higher 11-dehydro-TXB 2 excretion at baseline than patients who remained event free. Conclusions The occurrence of large-vessel peripheral arterial disease per se is not a trigger of platelet activation in vivo. Rather, the rate of TXA 2 biosynthesis appears to reflect the influence of coexisting disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension on platelet biochemistry and function. Enhanced TXA 2 biosynthesis may represent a common link between such diverse risk factors and the thrombotic complications of peripheral arterial disease.
Progress in the application of VLBI to interplanetary navigation. (1983)

In comparison with conventional range and Doppler, VLBI data from a spacecraft and an angularly nearby extragalactic radio source have the potential of providing significant improvements in deep space navigation performance. Observations of the Voyager spacecraft at Saturn, the Pioneer orbiter at Venus, and clusters of natural radio sources are being used to validate these new navigation data types. This paper briefly describes a few of the navigation applications of VLBI, and gives estimates of the measurement accuracies that can be achieved. Recent results are presented which show current VLBI system accuracy at or near the expected level.
Investigation and quantification of the blood trauma caused by the combined dynamic forces experienced during cardiopulmonary bypass (2000)

Blood is exposed to various dynamic forces during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Understanding the damaging nature of these forces is paramount for research and development of the CPB circuit. The object of this study was to identify the most damaging dynamic non-physiological forces and then quantify this damage. A series of in vitro experiments simulated the different combinations of dynamic forces experienced during CPB while damage to the blood was closely monitored. A combination of air interface (a) and negative pressure (P) caused the greatest rate of change in plasma Hb (deltap Hb) (4.94 x 10(-3) mg/dl/s) followed by negative pressure and then an air interface. Shear stresses, positive pressures, wall impact forces and a blood-nonendothelial surface caused the least damage (0.26 x 10(-3) mg/dl/s). An air interface showed no threshold value for blood damage, with the relationship between the size of the interface and the blood damage modelled by a second-order polynomial. However, negative pressure did exhibit a threshold value at -120 mm Hg, beyond which point there was a linear relationship. Investigating the reasons for the increased blood trauma caused by the low-pressure suction (LPS) system makes it clear how research into minimizing or completely avoiding certain forces must be the next step to advancing extracorporeal technology.
Biosynthetic Incorporation of<sup>15</sup>N and<sup>13</sup>C for Assignment and Interpretation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Proteins (1990)

The use of isotopic substitution is a time-honoured method for simplifying the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of biological macromolecules. For example, the biosynthetic incorporation of a heteronucleus such as 15 N or 13 C into a specific amino acid residue in a protein followed by direct observation of the 15 N or 13 C NMR spectrum could provide a means to specifically observe a given amino acid type in that protein. By observation of the chemical shift or relaxation properties as a function of pH, ligand concentration, etc. a number of important conclusions concerning the pK a values of specific residues, the affinity of the protein for various ligands, or dynamic properties of the protein can be deduced. (See Henry et al. 1986 a , b ; 1987 for an elegant modern example). In such situations, direct observation of the heteronucleus is a powerful means to observe environmental changes (Niu et al. 1979) but often these measurements are not readily interpretable in terms of alterations of protein structure. Although proton-proton dipolar interactions (NOEs) typically provide the richest source of such structural information, these interactions are not monitored in most experiments which directly observe the heteronucleus.
Convergence of Canonical and Non-Canonical Wnt Signal: Differential Kat3 Coactivator Usage (2019)

Coordinated integration between both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways appears to be crucial not only in the control of fundamental morphologic processes but also in the regulation of normal as well as pathologic events. Such integration between both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling is presumably effected via reversible phosphorylation mechanism (e.g., protein kinase C) to regulate differential β -catenin/Kat3 coactivator usage in order to coordinate proliferation with differentiation and adhesion.
Finite Element Analysis of the Pump Rigidity (2012)

In this paper, the finite element software was used to analyze the rigidity of the pump body and the rotor shaft, in order to provide some useful information for the optimal design of pump. The analysis result shows that the rigidity of the pump body model is adequate, but the rotor shaft displacement is a little large, which should be modified. Nomenclature F Centrifugal force of the impeller [N] m Quality of the impeller [kg] w Rotational speed of the impellor [r/min] r Effective radius of the impeller [m] F1 Force on one bearing block [N] M Bending moment on one bearing block [N*m]
Reliable broadcast transmission in wireless networks based on network coding (2011)

Recently, XOR based network coding has been applied to the loss recovery of reliable broadcast transmission in wireless networks, where the source can XOR multiple lost packets with distinct receivers together into one packet and transmits this combined packet in one retransmission, resulting in a significant improvement on transmission efficiency. The problem of finding the optimal XOR coding set that minimizes the overall number of transmissions for loss recovery has been proved to be NP-hard. In this paper, we propose an efficient heuristic algorithm based on vertex coloring for giving an approximately optimal solution to address the problem, and then apply this heuristic algorithm into the existing XOR-based retransmission schemes. Simulation results are given to demonstrate superior performance of our algorithm over previously proposed works.
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of low‐temperature anodic silicon oxides (1992)

Abstract Electron spectroscopy investigations of anodic silicon oxides grown over monocrystalline silicon and obtained at room temperature under different oxidation conditions are discussed and compared with thermal silicon oxide. In the first place, XPS shows that these oxides are essentially similar to thermal oxides with the same band gap, valence band spectra, plasma frequency, charge transfer and bulk mass density. However, there are also some important differences with respect to thermal oxides, related to the large density of structural defects, mainly OH and H 2 O, incorporated in the lattice during the growth process. In spite of the SiO 2 /Si interface appearing to be locally abrupt, this interface seems to be very rough. The anodic oxides have some oxygen excess and consequently the electronic polarizability of such materials is slightly smaller than that of thermal oxides. However, the most striking difference is the build‐up of a surface potential of 1.4–3.3 V upon x‐irradiation, even for thin, low‐resistivity anodic oxide films.