gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed fault-tolerant real-time systems: the Mars approach (1989)

The authors describe the Maintainable Real-Time System, a fault-tolerant distributed system for process control, developed under the Mars project started in 1980 at the Technische Universitat Berlin. They explore the characteristics of distributed real-time systems and then present the Mars approach to real-time process control, its architectural design and implementation, and one of its applications. The authors focus on the maintainability of the Mars architecture, describe the Mars operating system, and discuss timing analysis. The control of a rolling mill that produces metal plates and bars is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation of steroid receptor expression by 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D5 in hormone-responsive breast cancer cells. (2009)

Although no VDR stabilization by 1alpha(OH)D5 was observed, there was an increased expression of the VDR followed by partial anti-estrogenic activity in hormone-responsive BT-474 cells.
Considerations about Synchronization of Mobile Communication Network (2012)

First,the paper introduces the synchronization technology of communication network,the requirement of TD SCDMA for time synchronization,and IEEE 1588 v2 protocol and its transmission network PTN.It is indicated that with the rapid development of mobile communications,the support network should also develop continuously to adapt to the new technologies and other requirements.In recent years,the communication industry's study of synchronous network and replacement solution of GPS has proved the worry about the application of GPS in GSM network.That is to say,with the application of new independent technologies in mobile network,especial attention should be paid to the development and construction of key support networks,such as synchronous network.
Functions of E2A-HEB Heterodimers in T-Cell Development Revealed by a Dominant Negative Mutation of HEB (2000)

Lymphocyte development and differentiation are regulated by the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors encoded by the E2A and HEB genes. These bHLH proteins bind to E-box enhancers in the form of homodimers or heterodimers and, consequently, activate transcription of the target genes. E2A homodimers are the predominant bHLH proteins present in B-lineage cells and are shown genetically to play critical roles in B-cell development. E2A-HEB heterodimers, the major bHLH dimers found in thymocyte extracts, are thought to play a similar role in T-cell development. However, disruption of either the E2A or HEB gene led to only partial blocks in T-cell development. The exact role of E2A-HEB heterodimers and possibly the E2A and HEB homodimers in T-cell development cannot be distinguished in simple disruption analysis due to a functional compensation from the residual bHLH homodimers. To further define the function of E2A-HEB heterodimers, we generated and analyzed a dominant negative allele of HEB, which produces a physiological amount of HEB proteins capable of forming nonfunctional heterodimers with E2A proteins. Mice carrying this mutation show a stronger and earlier block in T-cell development than HEB complete knockout mice. The developmental block is specific to the alpha/beta T-cell lineage at a stage before the completion of V(D)J recombination at the TCRbeta gene locus. This defect is intrinsic to the T-cell lineage and cannot be rescued by expression of a functional T-cell receptor transgene. These results indicate that E2A-HEB heterodimers play obligatory roles both before and after TCRbeta gene rearrangement during the alpha/beta lineage T-cell development.
Frame alignment method for cross-lingual voice conversion (2007)

Most of the existing voice conversion methods calculate the optimal transformation function from a given set of paired acoustic vectors of the source and target speakers. The alignment of the phonetically equivalent source and target frames is problematic when the training corpus available is not parallel, although this is the most realistic situation. The alignment task is even more difficult in cross-lingual applications because the phoneme sets may be different in the involved languages. In this paper, a new iterative alignment method based on acoustic distances is proposed. The method is shown to be suitable for text-independent and cross-lingual voice conversion, and the conversion scores obtained in our evaluation experiments are not far from the performance achieved by using parallel training corpora.
Opioid Prescribing for Chronic Pain — Achieving the Right Balance through Education (2016)

Groups advocating quick fixes to the opioid-misuse epidemic seek regulations limiting opioid availability, but prescriber education is a more finely tuned approach, allowing us to individualize care appropriately after a careful benefit–risk assessment.
Kinetics of Chlorotetracycline Permeation in Fragmented, ATPase-Rich Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (1980)

Conditions are defined under which the fluorescent chelate probe chlorotetracycline (CTC) may be quantitatively used as a kinetic indicator of CA2+ transport by the membranes of the ATPase-rich fraction of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. The fluorescence enhancement accompanying Ca2+ transport results from binding of Ca-CTC complexes to the inside surface, a process requiring transport of CTC across the membrane.Slow permeation of the dye results in a time course of fluorescence mat is slower than the transport reaction. When the probe was added after attainment of maximally-accumulated Ca2+ the rate of fluorescence rise (t1/2 ≈ 30 sec) was on the same order as the rate when added before Ca2+ uptake had begun (t1/2 ≈ 35 sec). In both cases, the rate of the fluorescence was limited by the rate of transport of the probe. However, when A23187 was added to the SR following active Ca2+ accumulation in the presence of CTC, decreases in fluorescence with 1/2 values less than 3 sec were observed. CTC, therefore, does not need to exit the vesicle to show a decline in fluorescence on Ca2+ release. Experiments in which CTC influx and fluorescence increase were observed during the process of Ca2 + efflux showed that Ca2 + and CTC are not directly coupled in their respective translocations. The primary determinant of CTC influx and its final internal level is the internal Ca2 + level rather than the Ca2+ flux.The dependence of the rate of pH and divalent cations shows that CTC crosses membrane as the uncomplexed, neutral species and that its transport kinetics is first order. When CTC was added following active Ca2+ uptake at pH 5.8, the tlPz for dye transport was 5 sec compared to 30 sec and 26 sec for pH 6.8 and 7.8, respectively. CTC flux, defined as fluorescence amplitude/t, 2, at pH 6.8 was found to be increasingly retarded in the presence of increasing concentrations of added Ca2+ or Mg2+ so that the flux was proportional to the concentration of uncomplexed probe.The model developed for CTC trasnport predicts that (1) fluorescence halftime is independent of the total dye concentration but inversely proportional to the membrane concentration; (2) fluorescence amplitude is directly proportional to total dye concentration but bears a hyperbolic dependence on both the membrane concentration and the steady state level of free internal Ca%; (3) CTC flux is directly proportional to total dye concentration, the membrane concentration, and the internal Ca2+ concentration. These predictions were verified by experiment. The first-order rate constant for CTC permeation was calculated to be lop2 sec- I, and the ratio of membrane bound to free Ca-CTC complex within the vesicle was calculated to be about 600. The model predicts that after complete equilibration is achieved, the CTC fluorescence will show a hyperbolic saturation function of the internal Caw concentration. Two methods are discussed for the determination of the internal free Ca2+ concentration achieved by active transport using the CTC fluorescent response.
Cubic Zn x Mg 1-x O and Ni x Mg 1-x O thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy for deep-UV optoelectronic applications (2010)

Oxide based compounds have been of increasing interest for wide bandgap, deep ultraviolet optoelectronics. While high Al content AlGaN has enabled many UV-DUV technologies, it suffers inherent drawbacks including difficulty achieving increasing Al incorporation, high threading dislocation densities and challenges in bandgap engineering due to polarization and piezoelectric effects. Here we present two wide bandgap cubic oxide compounds, ZnMgO and NiMgO, that offer advantages over AlGaN for deep ultraviolet (DUV) applications. Ni<sub>x</sub>Mg<sub>1-x</sub>O and Zn<sub>x</sub>Mg<sub>1-x</sub>O are both direct band gap, cubic rocksalt (B1) semiconductors with bandgaps in the UV-DUV spectral regions, offering alternatives without the aforementioned drawbacks associated with AlGaN. Here we present Ni<sub>x</sub>Mg<sub>1-x</sub>O and Zn<sub>x</sub>Mg<sub>1-x</sub>O thin films grown by plasma-assisted MBE on lattice matched MgO substrates as a novel means by which to realize DUV detection devices. In both systems we have shown the films to exhibit abrupt, continuously tunable absorptions edges over their respective bandgap ranges. Ni<sub>x</sub>Mg<sub>1-x</sub>O films were varied compositionally from x=0 to 1, realizing bandgaps from 3.5 to 7.8 eV. Zn<sub>x</sub>Mg<sub>1-x</sub>O films were similarly varied over the entire B1 range of the ternary (0<x<0.42) and show bandgap tunability from ~5 to 7.8 eV. All films are characterized through Rutherford backscattering (RBS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements and optical transmission. Significantly, we have successfully fabricated solar blind detectors in both categories and highlight the results from Ni<sub>x</sub>Mg<sub>1-x</sub>O here.
Role of gluconeogenesis from amino acids in determining fasting and absorptive levels of plasma ammonia in cirrhosis. (1988)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of gluconeogenesis from amino acids in the development of fasting and absorptive hyperammonemia in cirrhosis. Somatostatin (SRIF), which is known to inhibit the hepatic disposal of gluconeogenic amino acids, was administered in a continuous infusion (500 micrograms/h) for 90 min before and 5 h after a protein meal (240 g of meat) in 11 overnight fasting patients. Plasma glucagon, insulin, gluconeogenic amino acids (GAA: alanine, serine, glycine, and threonine) and ammonia (NH3) were evaluated before the infusion, immediately before, and at 1, 3, and 5 h after the meal. As control study, the same protocol was randomly repeated in a different day with saline infusion. During the latter, a direct correlation was found between fasting glucagon and ammonia (r = 0.68; p less than 0.05). Fasting glucagon, insulin, and NH3 did not change, whereas alanine (p less than 0.05) and the GAA sum decreased (p less than 0.01). When SRIF was infused, fasting glucagon (p less than 0.05), insulin (p less than 0.05), and NH3 (p less than 0.05) decreased. Alanine did not change, and GAA sum increased (p less than 0.02). No correlations were found by plotting changes in glucagon or GAA sum and NH3. After the meal, SRIF infusion abolished the plasma response of glucagon and markedly reduced that of insulin, so that their area under the curve (AUC0-5) were reduced (p less than 0.005, for both), with respect to control study. Moreover, the AUC0-5 of alanine (p less than 0.005) and GAA sum (p less than 0.005) were increased, suggesting a reduced disposal of these compounds. In spite of this, the meal-induced early increase and the AUC0-5 of plasma NH3 observed during SRIF and saline infusion did not differ. Our results do not confirm the importance of gluconeogenesis from alpha-amino-nitrogens in determining the fasting ammonemia of cirrhosis, and suggest that this metabolic pathway does not significantly influence the protein meal-induced exacerbation of plasma ammonia.
Combining first-person and third-person gaze for attention recognition (2013)

This paper presents a method to recognize attentional behaviors from a head-mounted binocular eye tracker in triadic interactions. By taking advantage of the first-person view, we simultaneously estimate the first-person and third-person gaze. The first-person gaze is computed using an appearance-based method relying on local features. In parallel, head pose tracking allows determining the coarse gaze of people in the scene camera. Finally, knowing the first- and third-person gaze direction, scores are computed which permit to assign attention patterns to each frame. Our contributions are the followings: (i) head pose estimation based on localized regression, (ii) attention analysis, in particular mutual and shared gaze, including the first-person gaze, (iii) experiments conducted using a head-mounted appearance-based gaze tracker. Experiments on recorded data show encouraging results.
Room Temperature Deposition of Silicon Dioxide Films by Ion‐Assisted Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (1996)

Silicon dioxide thin films were deposited on silicon wafers at 25°C using varying degrees of ion energy flux (IEF) in a 13.56 MHz, RF driven asymmetric plasma reactor from a gas mixture of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), Ar, and . On‐line mass spectrometer (MS) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) were used to analyze the plasma chemistry while the films were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). The MS and OES results showed that the decomposition of TEOS was enhanced as the power input was increased and that the role of was to oxidize the hydrocarbon molecules to carbon oxides (CO and ) and water, which lead to fewer hydrocarbon impurities in the film. The refractive index and the density of the film increased while the etching rate of the film decreased with increasing IEF. The low p‐etch rates of the films prepared at high IEF (>17 mW/cm2) suggested that the films have quality close to that of thermal oxide. From the FTIR spectra, the observed reduction in film porosity at high IEF coincides with the decreases in SiO‒H and C=O peak intensities, and the decreasing shoulder of Si‒O‒Si antistretching mode in the range of . Also, the downward shift of the maximum peak of the Si‒O‒Si stretching suggested that the intrinsic stress of the films increased with increasing IEF. The surface topology measured by an atomic force microscopy was very flat even at a high degree of IEF (average roughness of less than 10 Å).
The TV Helical Antenna Adapted to Structural Tower Shapes (1958)

The side-fire helical antenna, successfully used for UHF and VHF high channel television transmission, has now been adapted for low channel VHF service. Investigation of properties of a helical radiator wound around a polygonal supporting structure has made possible the required increased bandwidth and provided directional patterns for special TV coverage applications. Through scale model work, a channel 2 directional antenna has been developed for installation around a triangular tower section.
The Crithidia luciliae kinetoplast immunofluorescence test in systemic lupus erythematosus. (1976)

An immunofluorescence test for antibodies to native DNA, using the kinetoplast of Crithidia luciliae as substrate, has been assessed in comparison with the Farr precipitation technique, on a total of 395 sera from sixty-three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 185 other hospital patients and sixty healthy controls. The immunofluorescence test appears to have great specificity as a diagnostic test for SLE, though lacking the sensitivity of the Farr technique. Like the latter, it is altered by immunosuppressive treatment, and in patients with SLE nephritis on immunosuppression it does not show good correlation with activity of renal disease. Its specificity and simplicity nevertheless make it a valuable clinical test.
论痰瘀学说与冠心病 (2014)

The paper analyzes the relationship between phlegm stagnation and coronary heart disease (CHD) from the perspectives of the origin of phlegm stagnation theory, phlegm stagnation pathogenesis of CHD, and its clinical application in treatment of CHD. It proposes that CHD be cured from phlegm stagnation theory since deficiency of vital energy results in phlegm stagnation. It could also deepen our understanding of CHD and improve overall level of Traditional Chinese Medicine prevention and treatment of CHD.
Growth Mechanism of Gold Nanorods (2013)

Gold nanorods (Au NRs) are the archetype of a nanoantenna, enabling the directional capture, routing, and concentration of electromagnetic fields at the nanoscale. Solution-based synthesis methods afford advantages relative to top-down fabrication but are challenged by insufficient precision of structure, presence of byproducts, limited tunability of architecture, and device integration. This is due in part to an inadequate understanding of the early stages of Au NR growth. Here, using phase transfer via ligand exchange with mono-thiolated polystyrene, we experimentally demonstrate the complete evolution of seed-mediated Au NR growth in hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solution. Au NR size and shape progress from slender spherocylinders at short reaction times to rods with a dumbbell profile, flattened end facets, and octagonal prismatic structures at later stages. These evolve from a single mechanism and reflect the majority of reported Au NR morphologies, albeit reflecting different stages. Additionally, the fraction of nonrod impurities in a reaction is related to the initial distribution of the structure of the seed particles. Overall, the observations of early and intermediate stage growth are consistent with the formation of a surfactant bilayer on different crystal facets at different growth stages due to a fine balance between kinetic and thermodynamic factors.
The Herpes Simplex Virus 1 IgG Fc Receptor Blocks Antibody-Mediated Complement Activation and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity<i>In Vivo</i> (2011)

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein E (gE) mediates cell-to-cell spread and functions as an IgG Fc receptor (FcγR) that blocks the Fc domain of antibody targeting the virus or infected cell. Efforts to assess the functions of the HSV-1 FcγR in vivo have been hampered by difficulties in preparing an FcγR-negative strain that is relatively intact for spread. Here we report the FcγR and spread phenotypes of NS-gE264, which is a mutant strain that has four amino acids inserted after gE residue 264. The virus is defective in IgG Fc binding yet causes zosteriform disease in the mouse flank model that is only minimally reduced compared with wild-type and the rescue strains. The presence of zosteriform disease suggests that NS-gE264 spread functions are well maintained. The HSV-1 FcγR binds the Fc domain of human, but not murine IgG; therefore, to assess FcγR functions in vivo, mice were passively immunized with human IgG antibody to HSV. When antibody was inoculated intraperitoneally 20 h prior to infection or shortly after virus reached the dorsal root ganglia, disease severity was significantly reduced in mice infected with NS-gE264, but not in mice infected with wild-type or rescue virus. Studies of C3 knockout mice and natural killer cell-depleted mice demonstrated that the HSV-1 FcγR blocked both IgG Fc-mediated complement activation and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Therefore, the HSV-1 FcγR promotes immune evasion from IgG Fc-mediated activities and likely contributes to virulence at times when antibody is present, such as during recurrent infections.
Ecology Ditch: A Best Management Practice for Storm Water Runoff Mitigation (2003)

A full-scale physical model of a modified infiltration trench was constructed to test a new storm water best management practice called an ecology ditch. The ditch was constructed using compost, sand, and gravel, and a perforated drain pipe. A series of 14 tests were conducted on the physical model. The tests controlled rainfall application and overland roadway runoff amounts and monitored outflow from the discharge pipe. The objectives were to increase the time to peak and reduce the peak discharge coming out of the pipe. The results were also used to calibrate a modified existing unsaturated two-dimensional groundwater flow code. After the code was calibrated, computer simulations were performed to determine the effects of storm size, rainfall distribution, constant rainfall application, media type, initial conditions, and the physical size of the ecology ditch. The simulations used 24-hour duration storm sizes of 0.64, 1.27, 2.54, 3.81, 5.08, and 6.35 cm (0.25 to 2.5 in.). Peak reduction was found to depend greatly on input hydrograph distribution and the ability of the soil to store water. In turn, the storage in the soil was found to be dependent on the intensities of the input hydrograph. The peak delay time for larger storms was quantifiable since it depended on the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the distance of the flow path. For larger storms, the ecology ditch managed a peak reduction in the range of 10 to 50%.
Case-Control Study of Risk Factors Associated with Feline and Canine Chronic Kidney Disease (2010)

An age-matched case-control study was initiated to determine the major risk factors associated with CKD in cats and dogs and to determine what clinical signs cat and dog owners observed before their veterinarian diagnosed their pet with CKD. When compared to controls, the feline cases were more likely to have had polydipsia and polyuria in the year before the owners' cats were diagnosed with CKD. In the dogs, increased water intake, increased urination, small size and a recent history of weight loss and bad breath were noticed by the dog owners before veterinary CKD diagnosis. Dog owners recognized abnormal drinking and urination behavior over half a year before their pet's veterinary diagnosis with CKD, and they recognized weight loss almost 4 months before CKD diagnosis. Bad breath was noticed 1.2 years before recognition of CKD by a veterinarian. Given that earlier CKD diagnosis should have been possible in most cases, clinical trials should proceed to measure the efficacy of early interventions.
CHAPTER 7 Methods for detection of HPV infection and its clinical utility (2006)

HPVs cannot be cultured and the detection of virus relies on a variety of techniques used in immunology, serology, and molecular biology. Currently the only FDA-approved commercially available method for the detection of HPV DNA is the Hybrid Capture assay, version hc2 (Digene, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) which is able to detect 13 high-risk types of HPV. The advantage of PCR-based methods of HPV DNA detection is that they allow for the identification of different types of HPV. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods of HPV DNA detection. HPV DNA testing can be used in a variety of clinical scenarios that include a primary screening test, particularly in women older than 30 years;as an adjunctive test to cytology;to triage women who have an equivocal cytologic finding, e.g., ASC-US, or for follow up post-treatment. In addition, HPV DNA testing can be performed on samples obtained by women themselves (so-called self-sampling), which may be useful in women who are resistant to undergoing gynecologic examinations.
Probabilistic image processing by means of the Bethe approximation for the<i>Q</i>-Ising model (2003)

The framework of Bayesian image restoration for multi-valued images by means of the Q-Ising model with nearest-neighbour interactions is presented. Hyperparameters in the probabilistic model are determined so as to maximize the marginal likelihood. A practical algorithm is described for multi-valued image restoration based on the Bethe approximation. The algorithm corresponds to loopy belief propagation in artificial intelligence. We conclude that, in real world grey-level images, the Q-Ising model can give us good results.