gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellulose Nanofibrils (2013)

Cellulose nanofi brils (CNF), also known as nanofi brillar cellulose (NFC), are an advanced biomaterial made mainly from renewable forest and agricultural resources that have demonstrated exceptional performance in composites. In addition, they have been utilized in barrier coatings, food, transparent fl exible fi lms and other applications. Research on CNF has advanced rapidly over the last decade and several of the fundamental questions about production and characterization of CNF have been addressed. An interesting shift in focus in the recent reported literature indicates increased efforts aimed at taking advantage of the unique properties of CNF. This includes its nanoscale dimensions, high surface area, unique morphology, low density and mechanical strength. In addition, CNF can be easily (chemically) modified and is readily available, renewable, and biodegradable. These facts are expected to materialize in a more widespread use of CNF. However, there is no clear indication of the most promising avenues for CNF deployment in commercial products. This review attempts to illustrate some exciting opportunities for CNF, specifi cally, in the development of aerogels, composites, bioactive materials and inorganic/organic hybrid materials.
IDENTIFICATION OF AN <i>R</i>-LOCUS REGION THAT CONTROLS THE TISSUE SPECIFICITY OF ANTHOCYANIN FORMATION IN MAIZE (1979)

The R locus in maize controls the tissue specificity of anthocyanin formation. Recombination between two different R-locus alleles with unique pigmentation domains has resulted in the generation of a nonparental allelic type that displays a third kind of tissue specificity. These novel changes in tissue specificity occurred in very low frequency (1 x 10(-5)). In light of this finding and of recent results concerning the regulation by R of the enzyme UDPG: flavonoid 3-0-glucosyltransferase, specified by the B(z) locus, a model dealing with the genetic control of tissue-specific functions in multicellular organisms is proposed.
Experimental analysis of dynamic algorithms for the single source shortest paths problem (1998)

In this paper we propose the first experimental study of the fully dynamic single-source shortest-paths problem on directed graphs with positive real edge weights. In particular, we perform an experimental analysis of three different algorithms: Dijkstra's algorithm, and the two output bounded algorithms proposed by Ramalingam and Reps in [30] and by Frigioni, Marchetti-Spaccamela and Nanni in [18], respectively. The main goal of this paper is to provide a first experimental evidence for: (<i>a</i>) the effectiveness of dynamic algorithms for shortest paths with respect to a traditional static approach to this problem; (<i>b</i>) the validity of the theoretical model of output boundedness to analyze dynamic graph algorithms. Beside random generated graphs, useful to capture the "asymptotic" behavior of the algorithms, we also developed experiments by considering a widely used graph from the real world, i.e., the Internet graph.
The transcription factor HNF1 acts with C/EBP alpha to synergistically activate the human albumin promoter through a novel domain. (1994)

HNF1 and C/EBP alpha are transcription factors that bind to and trans-activate the human albumin gene proximal promoter. Various 5' deletions of the human albumin promoter were coupled to a luciferase reporter gene (alb-luc constructs) and co-electroporated with HNF1 and/or C/EBP alpha expression vectors into HeLa cells. Luciferase activities from co-electroporation of the HNF1 and C/EBP alpha expression vectors with the alb-luc constructs were approximately 10-fold greater than the sum of the activities achieved with HNF1 and C/EBP alpha alone. Analysis of COOH-terminal or internal deletions of the HNF1 expression vector revealed that the domain important for collaborative interaction with C/EBP alpha could be localized to a 157 amino acid region not previously described. This domain is proline and glutamine-rich and is highly homologous (66%) to a portion of vHNF1, an evolutionarily related gene first identified in dedifferentiated hepatoma cells. A construct linking the negatively charged activation domain of herpes simplex virus protein VP16 to the DNA-binding domain of HNF1 showed that it could also synergize with C/EBP alpha to trans-activate the human albumin gene promoter. Our studies delineate a domain in HNF1 important for synergistic activation with C/EBP alpha.
Neuroimaging of juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas: an enigma. (1993)

The paradoxical FDG PET findings and enhancement at structural imaging might reflect the unusual vascularity of pilocytic tumors, and the increased GUR might be related to expression of the glucose transporter.
Lung Lining Fluid Glutathione Attenuates IL-13–Induced Asthma (2007)

GGT(enu1) mice, deficient in gamma-glutamyl transferase and unable to metabolize extracellular glutathione, develop intracellular glutathione deficiency and oxidant stress. We used intratracheal IL-13 to induce airway inflammation and asthma in wild-type (WT) and GGT(enu1) mice to determine the effect of altered glutathione metabolism on bronchial asthma. WT and GGT(enu1) mice developed similar degrees of lung inflammation. In contrast, IL-13 induced airway epithelial cell mucous cell hyperplasia, mucin and mucin-related gene expression, epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA, and epidermal growth factor receptor activation along with airway hyperreactivity in WT mice but not in GGT(enu1) mice. Lung lining fluid (extracellular) glutathione was 10-fold greater in GGT(enu1) than in WT lungs, providing increased buffering of inflammation-associated reactive oxygen species. Pharmacologic inhibition of GGT in WT mice produced similar effects, suggesting that the lung lining fluid glutathione protects against epithelial cell induction of asthma. Inhibiting GGT activity in lung lining fluid may represent a novel therapeutic approach for preventing and treating asthma.
Distribution and size of Adelie penguin colonies in Amundsen Bay, Enderby Land, Antarctica (2000)

Adelie penguin colonies were surveyed throughout ice-free areas in Amundsen Bay, Enderby Land, from a helicopter on 23 December 1998. The locality and number of breeding pairs of three newly discovered colonies, in addition to a known colony are described. In total, about 9760 pairs of Adelie penguins breed in the four colonies in this region, comprising one of the largest breeding populations in eastern Enderby Land.
Pruning Bio-Ontologies (2007)

The explosive growth of biomedical data makes researchers and professionals recognize the need of developing large ontologies. However as the size of data increases and knowledge evolves, ontologies tend to grow big and large, and hence, retrieving manageable amount of information from large ontologies becomes a difficult and costly task. The purpose of this paper is to find and apply pruning methods from ontology engineering field to bio-ontologies as well as evaluate the results. These methods support systematic identification of relevant concepts and deletion of irrelevant part of an ontology. The paper shows how different pruning methods can be applied in bio-ontologies. To show the usefulness of pruning methods, a large bio-ontology called gene ontology is pruned to obtain a sub-ontology that contains only the relevant information a user is interested in
Mucociliary Clearance and Buffered Hypertonic Saline Solution (1997)

Nasal irrigations have been used for centuries without any scientific data to determine efficacy. For 10 years, the senior author has used buffered hypertonic saline nasal irrigation for patients with acute/chronic sinusitis and for those having undergone sinus surgery. A simple study was undertaken using volunteers without any significant sinonasal disease. Patients served as their own control using a saccharin clearance test before any nasal irrigation was used. Patients then used one of two solutions to irrigate their nose-buffered normal saline or buffered hypertonic saline-and were then retested. On a separate day, the control test was repeated, followed by irrigation with the alternate solution and a second saccharin clearance test. The outcome showed buffered hypertonic saline nasal irrigation to improve mucociliary transit times of saccharin, while buffered normal saline had no such effect.
p38 MAP Kinase Inhibitors: Metabolically Stabilized Piperidine‐Substituted Quinolinones and Naphthyridinones. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Polyamines Are Essential for the Formation of Plague Biofilm (2006)

ABSTRACT We provide the first evidence for a link between polyamines and biofilm levels in Yersinia pestis , the causative agent of plague. Polyamine-deficient mutants of Y. pestis were generated with a single deletion in speA or speC and a double deletion mutant. The genes speA and speC code for the biosynthetic enzymes arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase, respectively. The level of the polyamine putrescine compared to the parental speA + speC + strain (KIM6+) was depleted progressively, with the highest levels found in the Y. pestis Δ speC mutant (55% reduction), followed by the Δ speA mutant (95% reduction) and the Δ speA Δ speC mutant (>99% reduction). Spermidine, on the other hand, remained constant in the single mutants but was undetected in the double mutant. The growth rates of mutants with single deletions were not altered, while the Δ speA Δ speC mutant grew at 65% of the exponential growth rate of the speA + speC + strain. Biofilm levels were assayed by three independent measures: Congo red binding, crystal violet staining, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The level of biofilm correlated to the level of putrescine as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and as observed in a chemical complementation curve. Complementation of the Δ speA Δ speC mutant with speA showed nearly full recovery of biofilm to levels observed in the speA + speC + strain. Chemical complementation of the double mutant and recovery of the biofilm defect were only observed with the polyamine putrescine.
A three-phase series-parallel resonant converter-analysis, design, simulation, and experimental results (1996)

A three-phase DC-to-DC series-parallel resonant converter is proposed and its operating modes for a 180/spl deg/ wide gating pulse scheme are explained. A detailed analysis of the converter using a constant current model and the Fourier series approach is presented. Based on the analysis, design curves are obtained and a design example of a 1-kW converter is given. SPICE simulation results for the designed converter and experimental results for a 500-W converter are presented to verify the performance of the proposed converter for varying load conditions. The converter operates in lagging power factor (PF) mode for the entire load range and requires a narrow variation in switching frequency, to adequately regulate the output power.
A study of level-of-detail in haptic rendering (2005)

This paper presents an initial study of an approach to reduce computational overhead in haptic rendering of physically based models. Haptic rendering refers to the notion of adding physical properties and behavior, specifically a sense of touch or force feedback, to models of objects. In this way, a user through a haptic feedback device can feel interaction forces while visually observing the objects. Physically based modeling is particularly important when representing deformable objects. In this paper, an approach based on a mass-spring damper system is used in modeling deformable objects. Deformation due to interaction forces is obtained by solving a set of differential equations, a process that is in general computationally demanding. To reduce this demand, the notion of level-of-detail in haptic rendering is introduced. Here the interplay between the graphical mesh and the haptic mesh as a function of various levels of subdivision is studied. The approach we describe is to adjust model parameters such that the user feels the same reaction force for a given deformation, regardless of the level of local subdivision.A preliminary user study with simple objects suggests there can be a local subdivision threshold such that the user cannot distinguish between global subdivision and the local subdivision introduced by the level-of-detail algorithm. This conclusion is beneficial for haptic rendering of deformable objects. Similar conclusions were obtained for haptic rendering of rigid objects. These results can be used as a guideline for other approaches to modeling deformable objects, such as finite element representations.
The twist‐lock concept of tissue transport and suture fixation without knots: observations along the Hong Kong skyline (2003)

The twist-lock system is a suture anchor system that achieves suture fixation of soft tissue to bone without the need to tie knots. It shows single-pull loads to failure that are significantly higher than those of a standard suture anchor system.
Load Detection Model of Voltage-Fed Inductive Power Transfer System (2013)

Detecting load parameters in the inductive power transfer (IPT) system is essential to establishing a stable and efficient wireless power supply of good quality for kitchen appliances. This paper presents an effective load detection approach, namely transient load detection model, to detect load conditions by utilizing the energy injection mode and free resonant mode. To realize the proposed model, the differential equation of the primary resonant current under the free resonant mode was used. Besides, real-time sampled data, including the operating frequency in the free resonant mode and peak value of the primary resonant current were collected. Imitating the wireless power supply for kitchen appliances, simulation and experimental results with the full-bridge SS-type voltage-fed IPT system have shown that this transient load detection model is accurate and reliable.
A High-Order Sigma-Delta Modulator Applied in Micro-Accelerometer (2014)

In this paper a high-order sigma-delta modulator applied in micro-accelerometer is designed. The modulator chooses the distributed feedback structure. And the signal bandwidth is 500Hz, the oversampling ratio is 250 and sampling frequency is 250KHz. By the MATLAB Simulink simulation, when the input signal is 1g, and the signal frequency is 250Hz, the simulation result is that the noise level is-160dBV at the signal frequency in the ideal situation. And when considering the non-ideal factors, the simulation result shows that the noise level at the input accelerated signal is 20dBV higher than the ideal. The overall circuit was implemented under 0.5 um CMOS process and simulated in Cadence Spectre. The final simulation results show that the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is 97.1dB.
FAST-NEUTRON SCINTILLATION SURVEY METER (1953)

c/m millirad/hour. For fast neutrons the instrument is energy independent to approx equal 20 per cent from 0.3 Mev to 2.5 Mev. The three ranges employed area 0-1000, 0-10,000, amd 0-100,000 c/m with the first range corresponding to 0.1 mrem/hr for the thermal and slow neutrons and to 0.1 mred/hr for fast neutrons. The range sensitivities can be decreased by merely masking part of tbe crystal detecto light-output window or by using a smaller crystal. The battery life is 110 hours with continuous operation. The instrument is not affected by radium gamma fields of less than three r/hr. (auth)
Effect of Ethylene on Production of Volatiles by Lemons (1968)

Abstract Ethylene is known to accelerate the respiration and to hasten the loss of chlorophyll from lemons (3). In addition, ethylene-treated lemons, are more subject to decay than untreated fruit and, as a consequence, show a shortened storage life (1). Fruits exhibiting a respiratory climacteric typically show a concomitant increase in volatile production, including ethvlene (4). The present paper reports the effect of added ethylene on volatile production by lemons, a non-climacteric fruit (2). Although sound lemons have little or no odor, no previous study has been made of the volatile production of lemons.
Using User Hints to Guide Resource Management for Quality of Service. (1999)

Today&apos;s computing environments are becoming more and more distributed in nature. At the same time, the applications used in these environments are becoming more complicated and are being used in more mission critical roles in the enterprise. Consequently, users&apos; demands for performance, reliability, and availability are increasing rapidly. To meet these needs, a high level of quality of service must be delivered to the user. Doing so, however, is not an easy task. Applications that are the focus of user interest and activity should be favoured in resource allocation and scheduling to provide the best possible quality, as opposed to those applications which are essentially ignored by the user. Fortunately, users often provide hints of their interest and activity through interactions with their windowing environments or applications directly. For example, applications that users are not attending to tend to get minimized or covered over on the window desktop in favour of those on which ...
The <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Hap5p Homolog from Fission Yeast Reveals Two Conserved Domains That Are Essential for Assembly of Heterotetrameric CCAAT-Binding Factor (1997)

The CCAAT-binding factor is an evolutionarily conserved heteromeric transcription factor that binds to CCAAT box-containing upstream activation sites within the promoters of numerous eukaryotic genes. The CCAAT-binding factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a heterotetramer that contains the subunits Hap2p, Hap3p, Hap4p, and Hap5p and that functions in the activation of genes involved in respiratory metabolism. Here we describe the isolation of the cDNA encoding the Schizosaccharomyces pombe homolog of Hap5p, designated php5+. We have shown that Php5p is a subunit of the CCAAT-binding factor in fission yeast and is required for transcription of the S. pombe cyc1+ gene. Analysis of the evolutionarily conserved regions of Hap5p, Php5p, and the mammalian homolog CBF-C revealed two essential domains within Hap5p that are required for DNA binding and transcriptional activation. One is an 87-amino-acid core domain that is conserved among Hap5p, Php5p, and CBF-C and that is required for the assembly of the Hap2p-Hap3p-Hap5p heterotrimer both in vitro and in vivo. A second domain that is essential for the recruitment of Hap4p into the CCAAT-binding complex was identified in Hap5p and Php5p.
BAC to immunology – bacterial artificial chromosome‐mediated transgenesis for targeting of immune cells (2007)

Thirty years after the first transgenic mouse was produced, a plethora of genetic tools has been developed to study immune cells in vivo. A powerful development is the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic approach, combining advantages of both conventional transgenic and knock-in gene-targeting strategies. In immunology the potential of BAC transgenic technology has yet to be fully harvested and, combined with a variety of elegant genetic tools, it will allow the analysis of complex immunological processes in vivo. In this short review, we discuss the applications of BACs in immunology, such as identification of regulatory regions, expression and cell-fate mapping, cell ablation, conditional mutations and the generation of humanized mice.
Novel radio access principles useful for third generation mobile radio systems (2003)

The paper describes novel MC/TDMA/TDD radio access principles that make it possible to define minimum requirements for a whole class of services and systems, all sharing a common frequency resource in an uncoordinated multioperator environment without preallocation to different services, systems or operators. These services and systems can coexist also with different modulation types, channel bandwidths, power, speech codecs, etc. As a consequence the total market and market shares between operators and between old and new systems or services may vary without need for reallocation of the frequency assignments. It would also allow for future extension or decrease of allocated spectrum as well as introduction of new systems of the same class, without dramatic influence of already installed equipment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rubidium Hydride: An Exceptional Dehydrogenation Catalyst for the Lithium Amide/Magnesium Hydride System (2013)

The 2LiNH2/MgH2 system has been identified as an attractive system for hydrogen storage, but suitable catalysts are needed to reduce the hydrogen desorption temperature and improve the rates of reaction. One of the most effective catalysts for lowering the desorption temperature and improving the desorption rate from this system has been KH. In this work a new catalytic additive, rubidium hydride (RbH), was synthesized, and its effects on hydrogen desorption from the 2LiNH2/MgH2 system were studied and compared to those of KH. Temperature-programmed desorption measurements showed that the addition of approximately 3 mol % RbH lowered the desorption temperature of the system by 94 °C, which is somewhat better than KH. Desorption enthalpies for the catalyzed samples were found to be approximately 42 kJ/mol, which is significantly lower than the 65 kJ/mol that was found for the uncatalyzed mixture. The hydrogen desorption rate of the RbH-doped sample was found to be approximately twice as fast as the KH-doped sample and about 60 times faster than the uncatalyzed sample, making RbH one of the best catalytic additives to date for the 2LiNH2/MgH2 system. Modeling studies were done using two approaches, and both indicated that diffusion controlled the rate of hydrogen desorption from 2LiNH2/MgH2 in the two-phase plateau region.
Stem cell activation sustains hereditary hypertrophy in hamster cardiomyopathy (2005)

Recent studies have documented the presence of stem cells within the myocardium and their role in the repair of ischaemic injury. Nevertheless, the pathogenic role of stem cells in non-ischaemic myocardial diseases, as well as the factors potentially responsible for their activation, is still under debate. The present study demonstrates the presence of an increased number of c-kit positive, MDR-positive, and Sca-1-positive stem cells within the myocardium of hereditary delta-SG null hamsters, a spontaneously occurring model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. When hamsters are 80 days old, ie at the 'hypertrophic' stage of the disease, but without haemodynamic overload, these cells associate with a multitude of cells co-expressing c-kit, cMet, GATA4, or MEF-2, and proliferating myocytes co-expressing myosin heavy chain, telomerase, ki67 and cyclin B. Furthermore, at the same animal age, the number of myocardial cells co-expressing c-kit and Flk-1, and the number of capillary vessels, is also amplified. In order to identify factors potentially responsible for stem cell activation, the myocardial expression of HGF and cMet and HGF plasma levels were evaluated, demonstrating their increase in 80-day-old delta-SG null hamsters. To demonstrate the possible ability of HGF to induce stem cell differentiation, bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were challenged with HGF at the same plasma concentration observed in vivo. HGF induced cMet phosphorylation, and caused loss of stem cell features and overexpression of MEF-2, TEF1, and MHC. Our results demonstrate that stem cell activation occurs within the cardiomyopathic myocardium, very likely to maintain an efficient cardiac architecture. In this context, elevated levels of HGF might play a role in induction of stem cell commitment to the cardiomyocyte lineage and in cardioprotection through its anti-apoptotic action. Consistently, when cytokine levels declined to physiological concentrations, as in 150-day-old cardiomyopathic animals, myocardial apoptosis prevailed, prejudicing cardiac function.