gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pig kidney Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase (1986)

cDNAs complementary to pig kidney mRNAs coding for alpha- and beta-subunits of Na+,K+-ATPase were cloned and sequenced. Selective tryptic hydrolysis of the alpha-subunit within the membrane-bound enzyme and tryptic hydrolysis of the immobilized isolated beta-subunit were also performed. The mature alpha- and beta-subunits contain 1016 and 302 amino acid residues, respectively. Structural data on the peptides from extramembrane regions of the alpha-subunit and on glycopeptides of the beta-subunit underlie a model for the transmembrane arrangement of Na+,K+-ATPase polypeptide chains.
<i>Microwave and Optical Ray Geometry</i> (1985)

Treats ray geometry of microwave antenna and optical systems through a unique approach using geometrical constructions. Discusses mirrors, lenses, and rays in non-uniform media. Develops two new geometrical methods that avoid the usual ray tracing formula for the development of ray patterns, and explains a new theorem of rays in non-uniform media. Extensively illustrated with line drawings.
Strain-Induced Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in Selectively Doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ge</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Superlattices (1985)

We report the observation of two-dimensional electron systems and enhanced mobilities in Si/${\mathrm{Si}}_{0.5}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{0.5}$ strained-layer multilayer structures. The built-in strain is measured by phonon Raman spectroscopy. The mobility enhancement depends strongly on the position of the doped region within the layers. The experimental results can be explained in a consistent way when carrier confinement in the Si layer is assumed. The importance of the built-in strain in lowering the conduction band in Si is emphasized.
A Course in General Chemistry. Third edition (Bray, William C.; Latimer, Wendell M.) (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTA Course in General Chemistry. Third edition (Bray, William C.; Latimer, Wendell M.)Arthur J. Clark Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1940, 17, 11, 550Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1940Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1940Published inissue 1 November 1940https://doi.org/10.1021/ed017p550.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (560 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Innovative approaches for realisation of embedded chip packages - Technological challenges and achievements (2009)

Embedding of semiconductor chips into organic substrates allows a very high degree of miniaturization by stacking multiple layers of embedded components. Among its merits, it provides superior electrical performance by short and geometrically well controlled interconnects as well as a homogeneous mechanical environment for the chips and thus resulting in superior reliability. At PCB manufacturing level, 50 mum thin chips have been embedded with pitches up to 200 mum in up to 18"times24" panels. This paper shows the further developments in chip embedding technologies to incorporate chips with even smaller pitches. The technology developed in this study does not necessitate expensive redistribution layers for enlarging the pad pitch. Embedding of small pitch chips has been realised with concurrent developments in accurate chip positioning, plating methods and chemistries and ultra fine line patterning. The results in this paper show the emergence of a new prototype Embedded chip-QFN package with contact pads at 400 mum pitch and a total number of 84I/Os with dimensions of 10 mm times 10 mm. The embedded chip in the QFN package is 5 mm times 5 mm in size and has a peripheral pad configuration at 100 mum pitch. All Embedded chip-QFN packages have been manufactured in 10"times14" panels at prototype level. This paper explains in detail all process steps and technical challenges encountered for the QFN package manufacturing. The final packaging routing necessitates challenging technology developments in ultra fine line patterning. The paper shows the successful employment of laser-direct-imaging technology in semi-additive-processes for the creation of very fine 18 mum copper lines with 10 mum spaces between them. Very thin 2 mum Copper foils were used for this study as a plating base and for the final Copper flash etching during semi-additive-process. These important technological developments have been achieved with advancements in laser direct imaging technique of negative photoresist films which allows the whole patterning to be done without use of expensive masks. Additionally, it cuts off processing time and it can yield very dense copper patterning up to the technological limit of the LDI technique. The paper also elaborates on embedding strategies for chips with contact pitches even smaller than 100 mum either with vialess methods to contact pads or by flip chip interconnection and then chip embedding. This study shows promising results for embedding of chips with different contact pitches through alternative embedding strategies and in conjunction with developments for very dense copper routing, it provides strong evidence for the manufacturability of highly miniaturised embedded chip system-in-packages.
Mechanical bases of frequency tuning and neural excitation at the base of the cochlea: Comparison of basilar-membrane vibrations and auditory-nerve-fiber responses in chinchilla (2000)

We review the mechanical origin of auditory-nerve excitation, focusing on comparisons of the magnitudes and phases of basilar-membrane (BM) vibrations and auditory-nerve fiber responses to tones at a basal site of the chinchilla cochlea with characteristic frequency approximately 9 kHz located 3.5 mm from the oval window. At this location, characteristic frequency thresholds of fibers with high spontaneous activity correspond to magnitudes of BM displacement or velocity in the order of 1 nm or 50 microm/s. Over a wide range of stimulus frequencies, neural thresholds are not determined solely by BM displacement but rather by a function of both displacement and velocity. Near-threshold, auditory-nerve responses to low-frequency tones are synchronous with peak BM velocity toward scala tympani but at 80-90 dB sound pressure level (in decibels relative to 20 microPascals) and at 100-110 dB sound pressure level responses undergo two large phase shifts approaching 180 degrees. These drastic phase changes have no counterparts in BM vibrations. Thus, although at threshold levels the encoding of BM vibrations into spike trains appears to involve only relatively minor signal transformations, the polarity of auditory-nerve responses does not conform with traditional views of how BM vibrations are transmitted to the inner hair cells. The response polarity at threshold levels, as well as the intensity-dependent phase changes, apparently reflect micromechanical interactions between the organ of Corti, the tectorial membrane and the subtectorial fluid, and/or electrical and synaptic processes at the inner hair cells.
Pressure evolution during HBC fuse operation (2004)

The purpose of this paper is to describe the influence of the silica sand grains on pressure during the energy release in a HBC fuse. During the HBC fuse operation, the pressure evolution is the result of two opposite trends: the pressure increase due to the interaction of the silica plasma with the surrounding granular sand, and the pressure decrease due to the propagation of the pressure waves toward the porous medium. Due to the complex phenomena occuring during the current extinction by a fuse, two kinds of pressure are distinguished: the pressure inside the silica plasma and the pressure in silica sand. From the simulations, we show that the Forchheimer flow resistance is stronger than the Darcy flow resistance once the electric power is over 30% of the maximum value. A comparison of the calculated and measured pressures is made at various positions from the fuse element axis. Two different pressures are obtained experimentally: the pressure exerted on the sand grains due to the plasma pressure and the pressure of the gas flowing through the interstices of the silica sand. We show that the experimentally and calculated trends are similar and they both depend on the electric power level and the silica sand mean granulometry. The maximum pressures are observed at the same time as the maximum electric power levels.
A bi-level Bernoulli scheme for database sampling (2004)

Current database sampling methods give the user insufficient control when processing ISO-style sampling queries. To address this problem, we provide a bi-level Bernoulli sampling scheme that combines the row-level and page-level sampling methods currently used in most commercial systems. By adjusting the parameters of the method, the user can systematically trade off processing speed and statistical precision---the appropriate choice of parameter settings becomes a query optimization problem. We indicate the SQL extensions needed to support bi-level sampling and determine the optimal parameter settings for an important class of sampling queries with explicit time or accuracy constraints. As might be expected, row-level sampling is preferable when data values on each page are homogeneous, whereas page-level sampling should be used when data values on a page vary widely. Perhaps surprisingly, we show that in many cases the optimal sampling policy is of the "bang-bang" type: we identify a "page-heterogeneity index" (PHI) such that optimal sampling is as "row-like" as possible if the PHI is less than 1 and as "page-like" as possible otherwise. The PHI depends upon both the query and the data, and can be estimated by means of a pilot sample. Because pilot sampling can be nontrivial to implement in commercial database systems, we also give a heuristic method for setting the sampling parameters; the method avoids pilot sampling by using a small number of summary statistics that are maintained in the system catalog. Results from over 1100 experiments on 372 real and synthetic data sets show that the heuristic method performs optimally about half of the time, and yields sampling errors within a factor of 2.2 of optimal about 93% of the time. The heuristic method is stable over a wide range of sampling rates and performs best in the most critical cases, where the data is highly clustered or skewed.
Acoustophoretic Contactless Elevation, Orbital Transport and Spinning of Matter in Air (2014)

We present the experimental demonstration and theoretical framework of an acoustophoretic concept enabling contactless, controlled orbital motion or spinning of droplets and particles in air. The orbital plane is parallel to gravity, requiring acoustophoretic lifting and elevation. The motion (spinning, smooth, or turnstile) is shown to have its origin in the spatiotemporal modulation of the acoustic field and the acoustic potential nodes. We describe the basic principle in terms of a superposition of harmonic acoustic potential sources and the intrinsic tendency of the particle to locate itself at the bottom of the total potential well.
Migraine detection through spontaneous EEG analysis (2007)

Spontaneous EEG patterns are studied to detect migraine patients both during the attack and in headache-free periods. The EEG signals are analyzed through the wavelets and both scale-dependent and scale-independent features are computed to characterize the patterns. The classification is carried out by a supervised neural network. The efficiency of the method is evaluated through the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) test. Although a high discrimination is observed with one single neural output, a complete separation among MwA patients and healthy subjects is obtained when a scatter plot is drawn in the plane of two suitable neural outputs.
Admission Control and Drop strategies in a UPnP-QoS controlled home network (2010)

The spread of novel multimedia services such as audio and video streaming, HDTV and online gaming have become a ordinary in the home networks. Therefore, the possibility to manage the Quality of Service (QoS) within an home environment becomes a crucial factor for the satisfaction of the user. In this paper we propose an enhanced Admission Control and Drop strategies for a UPnP-QoS controlled home network to guarantee QoS for multiple concurrent services. The UPnP-QoS architecture works well in the case of moderate traffic loads, but may fail whenever the network becomes overloaded. The paper demonstrates how the combined use of the proposed admission control and drop solutions with the UPnP-QoS framework avoids network congestion and guarantees QoS to all the admitted traffic streams. A proof of concept Java implementation has been developed to demonstrate the expected results in a real home environment.
An integrated transmitter for LED-based visible light communication and positioning system in a 180nm BCD technology (2014)

This paper reports the first fully integrated transmitter designed in an 180nm BCD process for light-emitting diode (LED) based visible light communication (VLC) and positioning (VLP) systems. The transmitter consists of Manchester coder, precision voltage and current reference, multistage Cherry-Hooper amplifier, PLL, filter and LED driver. A feed-forward equalizer is used to boost the LED bandwidth for high data rate wireless streaming. Measurement shows that, driving commercial LED lighting devices, the transmitter can stream data over light at a speed of at least 12MHz.
Clinical Development of VEGF Signaling Pathway Inhibitors in Childhood Solid Tumors (2011)

Angiogenesis is a target shared by both adult epithelial cancers and the mesenchymal or embryonal tumors of childhood. Development of antiangiogenic agents for the pediatric population has been complicated by largely theoretical concern for toxicities specific to the growing child and prioritization among the many antiangiogenic agents being developed for adults. This review summarizes the mechanism of action and preclinical data relevant to childhood cancers and early-phase clinical trials in childhood solid tumors. Single-agent adverse event profiles in adults and children are reviewed with emphasis on cardiovascular, bone health, and endocrine side effects. In addition, pharmacological factors that may be relevant for prioritizing clinical trials of these agents in children are reviewed. Considerations for further clinical evaluation should include preclinical data, relative potency, efficacy in adults, and the current U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval status. Toxicity profiles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway inhibitors may be age dependent and ultimately, their utility in the treatment of childhood cancer will require combination with standard cytotoxic drugs or other molecularly targeted agents. In combination studies, toxicity profiles, potential drug interactions, and late effects must be considered. Studies to assess the long-term impact of VEGF signaling pathway inhibitors on cardiovascular, endocrine, and bone health in children with cancer are imperative if these agents are to be administered to growing children and adolescents with newly diagnosed cancers.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Phlegm Syndrome in Jing-Yue Complete Works (2007)

This paper elucidates the diagnosis and treatment of phlegm syndrome in Jing-Yue Complete Works(Jing Yue Quan Shu from pathogenesis,syndrome differentiation,principle and method of treatment,recipe,medicines,diet and rest,which are used for reference in the modern clinical diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.The diagnosis and treatment of phlegm syndrome in Jing-Yue Complete Works(Jing Yue Quan Shu) is widely used in internal medicine,surgery,gynecology and pediatrics,etc.Based on the point of emphasizing yin-yang in person,Zhang Jingyue supposed that the diagnosis and treatment of phlegm syndrome should focus on spleen and kidney,strengthening the body resistance,treating symptoms in acute condition,choosing recipe and medicines according to the position and character of phlegm,diet and rest.
Flow cytometric analysis of RNA content in different cell populations using pyronin Y and methyl green (1982)

Pyronin Y (PY) was used, in flow cytometric (FCM) systems, to estimate the RNA content per cell in formalin fixed EL4 leukosis tumor cells, enzyme dispersed R3327-G rat prostatic adenocarcinoma cells, mouse spleen cells stimulated with concanavalin A, and human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Preincubation of the cells with methyl green (MG) blocked PY binding to DNA such that the intracellular fluorescence from MG-PY was due primarily to its binding to RNA. Treatment of the cells with ribonuclease resulted in a 3- to 5-fold reduction in the fluorescence intensity of intracellular MG-PY. Mitogen stimulation of either mouse or human lymphocytes resulted in an increase in DNA (propidium iodide fluorescence) and RNA (MG-PY fluorescence) content per cell over resting levels. Further, the changes in stimulated human lymphocyte DNA and RNA contents following 24, 48, and 72 hr of cell culture were monitored. The results showed that RNA levels were significantly increased prior to that of DNA. Also, the effects of different cell cycle phase specific blocking agents on lymphocyte cell cycle traverse were investigated. We found that: a) actinomycin D inhibited the increases in cellular RNA and DNA; b) hydroxyurea inhibited the increases in cellular RNA were only slightly reduced; c) tritiated thymidine caused an accumulation of cells having high DNA and RNA contents; and d) Colcemid promoted an accumulation of cells having high DNA contents while causing a reduction of cells having high RNA contents. These results were nearly identical to reports by other investigators using the metachromatic dye acridine orange to quantitate RNA per cell. Thus, the MG-PY technique described is indicated to provide a stable and accurate measure of RNA content per cell.
The development of a backpack mobile mapping system (2002)

A low-cost backpack mobile mapping system is being developed in the department of Geomatics Engineering at the University of Calgary. The system will overcome the drawbacks of current mobile mapping systems – namely their high cost, large size, and complexity – which have restricted their widespread adoption in the survey industry. The development of such a system will satisfy the demand for a mobile mapping system that can compete both cost-wise and in user friendliness with current GPS and conventional terrestrial survey systems, while realising significant gains in efficiency. Also being developed concurrently with the portable mobile mapping system is photogrammetric software that can be used in computing three-dimensional mapping co-ordinates of objects visible in the captured images, and exports them to a GIS. The paper outlines the benefits of a backpack MMS, reviews the technologies available for such a system, and then discusses results from simulations using a variety of navigation sensor configurations.
The covalent and ionic states of the xenon halides (1978)

The electronic states and spectroscopic properties of the xenon halides, XeX (where X=F, C1, Br, I), are characterized on the basis of ab initio configuration interaction calculations. States dissociating to Xe(1S)+X(2P) and Xe+(2P)+X−(1S) are treated, and the effects of spin-orbit coupling are introduced in a semiempirical atoms-in-molecules model. The intense laser emissions in XeF (353 nm), XeC1 (308 nm), and XeBr (283 nm) and the strong fluorescence in XeI (253 nm) arise from a transition from the lowest Ω=1/2 state to the lowest covalent 1/2 state (III1/2→I1/2 in our notation). The calculated lifetimes for these transitions are all 11–12 nsec. Four other major emissions with ΔΩ=0 are predicted for each XeX species.
The Role of Protected Extracellular Compartments in Interactions between Leukocytes, and Platelets, and Fibrin/Fibrinogen Matricesa (1992)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes express multiple surface receptors that mediate their adhesion to extracellular matrices and to other cells. These receptors also play roles in cell migration and phagocytosis. We have studied the role of one class of polymorphonuclear leukocytes surface receptors, the beta 2 integrins, in the interactions of these cells with fibrinogen. We have found that the beta 2 integrins, CD11b/CD18 (complement receptor three) and CD11c/CD18 mediate attachment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to fibrinogen-coated surfaces. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes must be stimulated with chemoattractants, such as fMLP, or with cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor to bind to fibrinogen via these integrins. Moreover, each of these integrins interacts with a different segment of the fibrinogen molecule. PMN adherence to fibrinogen via CD11b/CD18 depends on the carboxy terminus of fibrinogen, whereas adherence via CD11c/CD18 depends on the amino terminus of fibrinogen's alpha-chain. One of the physiological consequences of these interactions is that polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated with either chemoattractants or TNF form protected compartments at their interface with fibrinogen-coated surfaces and that elastase released into these compartments is inaccessible to protease inhibitors present in the plasma. These protected compartments exclude plasma proteins of > 40,000 daltons such as alpha 1 anti-proteinase, thereby allowing polymorphonuclear leukocyte proteases to degrade matrix proteins within this compartment without interference by plasma anti-proteinases.
On-the-fly Point Clouds through Histogram Pyramids (2006)

Image Pyramids, as created during a reduction process of 2D image maps, are \nfrequently used in porting non-local algorithms to graphics hardware. A \nHistogram pyramid (short: HistoPyramid), a special version of image pyramid, \ncollects the number of active entries in a 2D image. We show how a HistoPyramid \ncan be utilized as an implicit indexing data structure, allowing us to convert \na sparse 3D volume into a point cloud entirely on the graphics hardware. In the \ngeneralized form, the algorithm reduces a highly sparse matrix with N elements \nto a list of its M active entries in O(N) + M (log N) steps, despite the \nrestricted graphics hardware architecture. Our method can be used to deliver \nnew and unusual visual effects, such as particle explosions of arbitrary \ngeometry models. Beyond this, the algorithm is able to accelerate feature \ndetection, pixel classification and binning, and enable high-speed sparse \nmatrix compression.