gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulations of Vortex Generator Vanes and Jets on a Flat Plate (2002)

Numerical simulations of a single low-profile vortex generator vane, which is only a small fraction of the boundary-layer thickness, and a vortex generating jet have been performed for flows over a flat plate. The numerical simulations were computed by solving the steady-state solution to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The vortex generating vane results were evaluated by comparing the strength and trajectory of the streamwise vortex to experimental particle image velocimetry measurements. From the numerical simulations of the vane case, it was observed that the Shear-Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model resulted in a better prediction of the streamwise peak vorticity and trajectory when compared to the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model. It is shown in this investigation that the estimation of the turbulent eddy viscosity near the vortex core, for both the vane and jet simulations, was higher for the SA model when compared to the SST model. Even though the numerical simulations of the vortex generating vane were able to predict the trajectory of the stream-wise vortex, the initial magnitude and decay of the peak streamwise vorticity were significantly under predicted. A comparison of the positive circulation associated with the streamwise vortex showed that while the numerical simulations produced a more diffused vortex, the vortex strength compared very well to the experimental observations. A grid resolution study for the vortex generating vane was also performed showing that the diffusion of the vortex was not a result of insufficient grid resolution. Comparisons were also made between a fully modeled trapezoidal vane with finite thickness to a simply modeled rectangular thin vane. The comparisons showed that the simply modeled rectangular vane produced a streamwise vortex which had a strength and trajectory very similar to the fully modeled trapezoidal vane.
FLEXION-COMPRESSION INJURY OF THE STERNUM (1957)

1. Injuries of the sternum from flexion-compression violence are described and contrasted with injuries from direct violence. The characteristic feature of flexion-compression injuries is a dislocation or fracture at or near the manubrio-sternal joint with backward displacement of the manubrium. 2. Treatment is outlined, with special reference to the indications for open reduction and wire fixation. 3. The mechanism of flexion-compression injuries of the sternum is discussed. The opinion is expressed that most of the force is transmitted to the sternum by the ribsâespecially the upper ribs.
Labor time and Labor Division of the rural couples cultivating rice and barley (2000)

This study was to find out the status of labor division between rural husband and wife by measuring the labor time for tasks, the ratio of relative contribution toward work, and work segregation. Data used in this study were collected fro 424 persons of 212 farm households mainly cultivating rice and barley. The results of this study were as follows : 1) In the case of work directly related to farming, working hours of husband were significantly longer than those of wife during the farming and off-farming season. In contrast working hours of wife for housekeeping were significantly longer than those of husband during both seasons. 2) The ratio of relative contribution toward farming work of husband was a little higher than that of wife during farming and off-farming season. But this toward housekeeping work was less than that of wife. 3) The degree of gender segregation in farming was 0.33 during the farming season and 0.01 during the off-farming season. The kinds of work and time distribution were relatively same. The degree of gender segregation in housekeeping was 0.79 during the farming season and 0.72 during the off-farming season. These values showed inequality of work segregation in the kind of work and time distribution.
Molecular orbital theory for transition metal complexes (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular orbital theory for transition metal complexesHarry B. Gray Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 1, 2Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1964Published inissue 1 January 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ed041p2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2917Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (8 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Histamine H2 Receptor-Mediated Suppression of Intestinal Inflammation by Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (2015)

Probiotics are microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer beneficial effects on the host. Supplementation with probiotic strains was shown to suppress intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and in rodent colitis models. However, the mechanisms of probiosis are not clear. Our current studies suggest that supplementation with hdc(+) L. reuteri, which can convert l-histidine to histamine in the gut, resulted in suppression of colonic inflammation. These findings link luminal conversion of dietary components (amino acid metabolism) by gut microbes and probiotic-mediated suppression of colonic inflammation. The effective combination of diet, gut bacteria, and host receptor-mediated signaling may result in opportunities for therapeutic microbiology and provide clues for discovery and development of next-generation probiotics.
Designing a Practical Access Point Association Protocol (2010)

In a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), the Access Point (AP) selection of a client heavily influences the performance of its own and others. Through theoretical analysis, we reveal that previously proposed association protocols are not effective in maximizing the minimal throughput among all clients. Accordingly, we propose an online AP association strategy that not only achieves a minimal throughput (among all clients) that is provably close to the optimum, but also works effectively in practice with a reasonable computational overhead. The association protocol applying this strategy is implemented on the commercial hardware and compatible with legacy APs without any modification. We demonstrate its feasibility and performance through real experiments.
Phase-sensitive multichannel detection system for chemical and biosensor arrays and fluorescence lifetime-based imaging (2000)

Fluorescence lifetime-based sensors are attractive candidates to satisfy the demand for chemical detection and monitoring in medical, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications. In many cases it is desirable not only to monitor one particular chemical or biological species, but several simultaneously. In this work, we have focused our efforts on the development of a detection platform for multianalyte sensor arrays that is able to monitor changes in the fluorescence lifetimes corresponding to the presence of many analytes of interest in real time. We describe a new version of the multichannel, phase-sensitive electronic detection system employing a multianode photomultiplier tube, light emitting diodes, laser diodes, custom-built detection electronics, and a software package. This system utilizes the frequency-domain method of time-resolved spectroscopy. The present 16-channel prototype of the device is compact and assembled from inexpensive, off-shelf components. Future detection systems may be expected to monitor simultaneously at least up to 63 signals from separate chemical and biosensors. The system is also suitable for lifetime-based imaging. The capabilities of this system are demonstrated with several examples, including a pH-sensitive sensor array measurement and lifetime-based imaging of spatially distributed chemical reactions.
Gap junction channels formed by coexpressed connexin40 and connexin43 (2001)

Many cardiovascular cells coexpress multiple connexins (Cx), leading to the potential formation of mixed (heteromeric) gap junction hemichannels whose biophysical properties may differ from homomeric channels containing only one connexin type. We examined the potential interaction of connexin Cx43 and Cx40 in HeLa cells sequentially stably transfected with these two connexins. Immunoblots verified the production of comparable amounts of both connexins, cross-linking showed that both connexins formed oligomers, and immunofluorescence showed extensive colocalization. Moreover, Cx40 copurified with (His)(6)-tagged Cx43 by affinity chromatography of detergent-solubilized connexons, demonstrating the presence of both connexins in some hemichannels. The dual whole cell patch-clamp method was used to compare the gating properties of gap junctions in HeLa Cx43/Cx40 cells with homotypic (Cx40-Cx40 and Cx43-Cx43) and heterotypic (Cx40-Cx43) gap junctions. Many of the observed single channel conductances resembled those of homotypic or heterotypic channels. The steady-state junctional conductance (g(j,ss)) in coexpressing cell pairs showed a reduced sensitivity to the voltage between cells (V(j)) compared with homotypic gap junctions and/or an asymmetrical V(j) dependence reminiscent of heterotypic gap junctions. These gating properties could be fit using a combination of homotypic and heterotypic channel properties. Thus, whereas our biochemical evidence suggests that Cx40 and Cx43 form heteromeric connexons, we conclude that they are functionally insignificant with regard to voltage-dependent gating.
A singular control problem with an expected and a pathwise ergodic performance criterion (2006)

We consider the problem of controlling a general one‐dimensional Itô diffusion by means of a finite‐variation process. The objective is to minimise a long‐term average expected criterion as well as a long‐term pathwise criterion that penalise deviations of the underlying state process from a given nominal point as well as the expenditure of control effort. We solve the resulting singular stochastic control problems under general assumptions by identifying an optimal strategy that is explicitly characterised.
SWOT analysis of utility side energy storage technologies (2005)

Abstract:- New developments in the grid, notably the connection of unpredictable renewables, which make higher demands upon the transmission network, and the trade in liberalized markets create excellent opportunities for energy storage. The importance of energy storage is reflected in recent technical developments. Traditionally, electric energy was converted to another primary energy source for storage. Two relatively new technologies, SMES and supercapacitors, contradict the adage that electric energy is non-storable, by storing electric energy directly. This paper assesses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of various energy storage systems and discusses their applications on the generation and transportation level.
The effect of human C apolipoproteins on the in vitro hepatic metabolism of triglyceride emulsions in the rat. (1982)

This abbreviation and trivial name used are: C-111-2, the human apoprotein which is the COOH-terminal alanine protein originally characterized by Brown et al. (5) and which contains two sialic acid residues/molecule of protein; apo, apolipoprotein.14642
Effects of Dissolved Gas on Viscoelastic Scaling and Glass Transition Temperature of Polystyrene Melts (2001)

The free volume theory of Gerhardt et al.1 (J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys. 1998, 36, 1911) is used to predict viscoelastic scaling factors describing the effect of dissolved gas content on the viscosity curves of polystyrene melts swollen with dissolved carbon dioxide and dissolved 1,1-difluoroethane. The predictions of the theory are compared to viscoelastic scaling factors measured by Kwag et al.2 (J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys. 1999, 37, 2771) for each system at 150 and 175 °C, at concentrations up to 10 wt % of dissolved gas, and pressures ranging up to 22 MPa. The agreement between the theory and experiments is very good for the polystyrene−CO2 system but only fair for the polystyrene−1,1-difluoroethane system. The experimental viscoelastic scaling factor values are also interpreted with the WLF equation to estimate the change in the underlying glass transition temperatures of the polystyrene−gas mixtures. The glass transition temperatures estimated from these rheological data are in very good agreement with values directly measured for polystyrene−CO2 mixtures and with the theory of Condo et al.3 (Macromolecules 1992, 25, 6119).
Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in patients with liver disease. II. A study of etiologic factors and evaluation of insulin actions (1970)

A study of patients with compensated liver disease revealed (1) inappropriately high serum insulin levels in response to a glucose load administered either orally or intravenously, and (2) a diminished glucose response to injected insulin. These observations suggested "resistance" to the regulatory action of insulin on glucose metabolism. The actions of insulin on fat and protein metabolism, as reflected by lowering of free fatty acid (FFA) and free amino acid levels after glucose loads, were not altered. Since disappearance of injected insulin proceeded at a normal rate, insulin hypersecretion, as opposed to reduced insulin degradation, was suggested as the cause of the hyperinsulinemia. Potassium depletion, FFA elevation, and elevation of growth hormone levels could not be implicated as the cause of the abnormalities noted.
Outer Hair Cell Electromotility and Otoacoustic Emissions (1990)

Outer hair cell electromotility is a rapid, force generating, length change in response to electrical stimulation. DC electrical pulses either elongate or shorten the cell and sinusoidal electrical stimulation results in mechanical oscillations at acoustic frequencies. The mechanism underlying outer hair cell electromotility is thought to be the origin of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. The ability of the cell to change its length requires that it be mechanically flexible. At the same time the structural integrity of the organ of Corti requires that the cell possess considerable compressive rigidity along its major axis. Evolution appears to have arrived at novel solutions to the mechanical requirements imposed on the outer hair cell. Segregation of cytoskeletal elements in specific intracellular domains facilitates the rapid movements. Compressive strength is provided by a unique hydraulic skeleton in which a positive hydrostatic pressure in the cytoplasm stabilizes a flexible elastic cortex with circumferential tensile strength. Cell turgor is required in order that the pressure gradients associated with the electromotile response can be communicated to the ends of the cell. A loss in turgor leads to loss of outer hair cell electromotility. Concentrations of salicylate equivalent to those that abolish spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in patients weaken the outer hair cell's hydraulic skeleton. There is a significant diminution in the electromotile response associated with the loss in cell turgor. Aspirin's effect on outer hair cell electromotility attests to the role of the outer hair cell in generating otoacoustic emissions and demonstrates how their physiology can influence the propagation of otoacoustic emissions.
사회문제 : 한국 청소년의 로큰롤에 대한 의식 (1998)

우리 나라 청소년의 로큰롤 음악에 대한 행동과 태도를 알아보고자 초등학교 6학년부터 대학1학년 까지의 남녀 2,016명을 대상으로 로큰롤 음악에 대한 태도와 이들의 가치관을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 다른 장르의 대중음악을 좋아하는 청소년에 비해 로큰롤 음악을 애호하는 청소년의 비율이 상대적으로 매우 적었고, 다소 늦은 청소년 중기부터 로큰롤 음악을 즐기기 시작하였으며 비교적 지속적으로 긴 기간동안 좋아하는 경향이 있었다. 그리고 로큰롤 심취 집단일수록 가수에 대한 동일시 정도와 심리적 대리만족에 의존하는 경향을 보였다. 둘째, 로큰롤 심취 집단의 경우 음악을 친구들과 함께 즐겼고, 친구와 공연장 출입이 계기가 되어 선호하게 되었으며, 음악에 접촉하는 주요 매체로는 CD나 테이프 혹은 케이블 TV 등의 이용 빈도가 상대적으로 높았다. 셋째, 로큰롤음악을 선호하는 청소년들은 인생의 가치 덕목으로 사랑과 성취, 우정 등의 개인적 차원의 덕목을 더 중요하게 생각하였으며, 이를 실천하는 방법으로 사랑과 열린 마음, 행복 그리고 자극적인 생활, 유능함, 창의성 등을 중요하게 여기고 있었던 반면, 의무이행과 순종, 친절과 예의, 헌신, 절도와 자제력 등은 과소평가했다.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE FUNCTION OF THE FRONTOLATERAL HORNS AND HORN GLANDS OF BARNACLE NAUPLII (CIRRIPEDIA) (1970)

1. Barnacle nauplii characteristically have frontolateral horns and horn glands, but the function of these is unknown. To examine the hypothesis that they are venomous organs that serve in defense against predation, observations were made on living specimens in the presence of potential predators.2. Laboratory observations of two general types were made on Balanus spp. nauplii. One was to observe directly the behavioral interactions between the nauplii and potential predators. The other involved survival trials, in which barnacle nauplii were introduced into vessels with potential predators; the losses due to predation were recorded at intervals.3. The results of these observations strongly suggest that barnacle nauplii lack a generalized defense against predation, and there was no indication that the frontolateral horns and horn glands are used as venomous organs. The observed indifference of certain hydromedusae to most contacts with barnacle nauplii suggests, however, that there might be a specialized defense mechanism.4. Other possible functions of the frontolateral horns are discussed in view of the results.
Novel battery model of an all-electric personal rapid transit vehicle to determine state-of-health through subspace parameter estimation and a Kalman Estimator (2008)

The paper describes a real-time adaptive battery model for use in an all-electric personal rapid transit vehicle. Whilst traditionally, circuit-based models for lead-acid batteries centre on the well-known Randles' model, here the Randles' model is mapped to an equivalent circuit, demonstrating improved modelling capabilities and more accurate estimates of circuit parameters when used in Subspace parameter estimation techniques. Combined with Kalman Estimator algorithms, these techniques are demonstrated to correctly identify and converge on voltages associated with the battery State-of-Charge, overcoming problems such as SoC drift (incurred by coulomb-counting methods due to over-charging or ambient temperature fluctuations). Online monitoring of the degradation of these estimated parameters allows battery ageing (State-of-Health) to be assessed and, in safety-critical systems, cell failure may be predicted in time to avoid inconvenience to passenger networks. Due to the adaptive nature of the proposed methodology, this system can be implemented over a wide range of operating environments, applications and battery topologies.
Worldwide contamination of food-crops with mycotoxins: Validity of the widely cited ‘FAO estimate’ of 25% (2019)

Prior to 1985 the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated global food crop contamination with mycotoxins to be 25%. The origin of this statement is largely unknown. To assess the rationale for it, the relevant literature was reviewed and data of around 500,000 analyses from the European Food Safety Authority and large global survey for aflatoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, zearalenone and ochratoxin A in cereals and nuts were examined. Using different thresholds, i.e. limit of detection, the lower and upper regulatory limits of European Union (EU) legislation and Codex Alimentarius standards, the mycotoxin occurrence was estimated. Impact of different aspects on uncertainty of the occurrence estimates presented in literature and related to our results are critically discussed. Current mycotoxin occurrence above the EU and Codex limits appears to confirm the FAO 25% estimate, while this figure greatly underestimates the occurrence above the detectable levels (up to 60-80%). The high occurrence is likely explained by a combination of the improved sensitivity of analytical methods and impact of climate change. It is of immense importance that the detectable levels are not overlooked as through diets, humans are exposed to mycotoxin mixtures which can induce combined adverse health effects.
Logical Relations between Pictures (2005)

An implication relation between pictures is defined, it is then shown how conjunctions, disjunctions, negations, and hypotheticals of pictures can be formed on the basis of this. It is argued that these logical operations on pictures correspond to natural cognitive operations employed when thinking about pictures.
Scoring criteria for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of numerical abnormalities for chromosomes X, Y, 13, 16, 18 and 21 (1998)

Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) for application in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of aneuploidy has been used successfully, but stringent scoring criteria to score FISH signals have not been developed. In the present study a FISH protocol to simultaneously enumerate chromosomes X, Y, 13, 16, 18, and 21 was used to evaluate two different scoring criteria. The criteria consider hybridization signal size, shape, and vicinity to other signals and nuclear diameter. For this purpose, 74 embryos (412 blastomeres) donated for research had most or all of their cells analysed. The least error-prone criterion (9%) was selected for use in PGD cases. Some probes produced more errors than others, and these criteria may provide clues to improve these probes. The same probe solution was applied to 55 PGD cases and a total of 307 embryos. Of the non-transferred embryos, 67 were fully reanalysed and 1.5% (1/67) of them were falsely diagnosed as normal, while 19% (13/67) were falsely diagnosed as abnormal. Twelve of the patients became pregnant after PGD.
Transactional Auto Scaler (2014)

In this article, we introduce TAS (Transactional Auto Scaler), a system for automating the elastic scaling of replicated in-memory transactional data grids, such as NoSQL data stores or Distributed Transactional Memories. Applications of TAS range from online self-optimization of in-production applications to the automatic generation of QoS/cost-driven elastic scaling policies, as well as to support for what-if analysis on the scalability of transactional applications. In this article, we present the key innovation at the core of TAS, namely, a novel performance forecasting methodology that relies on the joint usage of analytical modeling and machine learning. By exploiting these two classically competing approaches in a synergic fashion, TAS achieves the best of the two worlds, namely, high extrapolation power and good accuracy, even when faced with complex workloads deployed over public cloud infrastructures. We demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of TAS’s performance forecasting methodology via an extensive experimental study based on a fully fledged prototype implementation integrated with a popular open-source in-memory transactional data grid (Red Hat’s Infinispan) and industry-standard benchmarks generating a breadth of heterogeneous workloads.