gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raman shifts in Si nanocrystals (1996)

Raman shifts of Si nanocrystals versus size were studied theoretically by a bond polarizability model. Zero-dimensional spheres and one-dimensional columns were considered. The relation between the Raman shift and the size for Si spheres and columns was established, from which the size of Si nanocrystals can be obtained for a given Raman shift or vice versa.
Emergent linguistic structure in artificial neural networks trained by self-supervision (2020)

This paper explores the knowledge of linguistic structure learned by large artificial neural networks, trained via self-supervision, whereby the model simply tries to predict a masked word in a given context. Human language communication is via sequences of words, but language understanding requires constructing rich hierarchical structures that are never observed explicitly. The mechanisms for this have been a prime mystery of human language acquisition, while engineering work has mainly proceeded by supervised learning on treebanks of sentences hand labeled for this latent structure. However, we demonstrate that modern deep contextual language models learn major aspects of this structure, without any explicit supervision. We develop methods for identifying linguistic hierarchical structure emergent in artificial neural networks and demonstrate that components in these models focus on syntactic grammatical relationships and anaphoric coreference. Indeed, we show that a linear transformation of learned embeddings in these models captures parse tree distances to a surprising degree, allowing approximate reconstruction of the sentence tree structures normally assumed by linguists. These results help explain why these models have brought such large improvements across many language-understanding tasks.
The Cotton GhNHX1 Gene Encoding a Novel Putative Tonoplast Na+/H+ Antiporter Plays an Important Role in Salt Stress (2004)

A cDNA clone was isolated from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cDNA library and characterized with regard to its sequence, regulation in response to salt stress and functions in yeast mutants and transgenic tobacco plants. The clone, designated as GhNHX1, contains 2485 nucleotides with an open reading frame of 1629 nucleotides, and the deduced amino acid sequence showed high identities with other plant vacuolar-type Na(+)/H(+) antiporters. Northern blot analysis indicated that the mRNA accumulation of GhNHX1 was strongly induced by salt stress and abscisic acid in cotton seedlings. The expression of GhNHX1 in yeast Na(+)/H(+) antiporter mutant showed function complementation. The transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing GhNHX1 also had higher salt tolerance than the wild-type plants. The salt-induced mRNA level of GhNHX1 was 3 and 7 times higher in the salt-tolerant cotton cultivar ZM3 than those in the salt-sensitive cotton cultivars ZMS17 and ZMS12, respectively. Together, these results suggest that the products of the novel gene, GhNHX1, function as a tonoplast Na(+)/H(+) antiporter and play an important role in salt tolerance of cotton.
A Robotic Platform for Quantitative High-Throughput Screening (2008)

High-throughput screening (HTS) is increasingly being adopted in academic institutions, where the decoupling of screening and drug development has led to unique challenges, as well as novel uses of instrumentation, assay formulations, and software tools. Advances in technology have made automated unattended screening in the 1,536-well plate format broadly accessible and have further facilitated the exploration of new technologies and approaches to screening. A case in point is our recently developed quantitative HTS (qHTS) paradigm, which tests each library compound at multiple concentrations to construct concentration-response curves (CRCs) generating a comprehensive data set for each assay. The practical implementation of qHTS for cell-based and biochemical assays across libraries of > 100,000 compounds (e.g., between 700,000 and 2,000,000 sample wells tested) requires maximal efficiency and miniaturization and the ability to easily accommodate many different assay formats and screening protocols. Here, we describe the design and utilization of a fully integrated and automated screening system for qHTS at the National Institutes of Health's Chemical Genomics Center. We report system productivity, reliability, and flexibility, as well as modifications made to increase throughput, add additional capabilities, and address limitations. The combination of this system and qHTS has led to the generation of over 6 million CRCs from > 120 assays in the last 3 years and is a technology that can be widely implemented to increase efficiency of screening and lead generation.
Surveillance centric coding (2008)

In this paper we introduce the paradigm of Surveillance Centric Coding (SCC), in which coding aims to achieve bit- rate optimisation and adaptation of surveillance videos for storing and transmission purposes. In the proposed approach the SCC encoder communicates with Video Content Analysis (VCA) module that detects events of interests in video captured by CCTV. Bit-rate optimization and adaptation is achieved by exploiting the scalability properties of the employed codec. Time segments containing events relevant to surveillance application are encoded using high spatio- temporal resolution and quality while the irrelevant portions from the surveillance standpoint are encoded at low spatio- temporal resolution and / or quality. Thanks to the scalability of the produced compressed bit-stream, additional bit-rate adaptation is possible, for instance for the transmission purposes. Experimental evaluation shows that significant reduction in bit-rate can be achieved by the proposed approach without loss of information relevant to surveillance applications.
The 5-D itch scale: a new measure of pruritus (2009)

The 5-D, therefore, is a reliable, multidimensional measure of itching that has been validated in patients with chronic pruritus to able to detect changes over time. The 5-D should be useful as an outcome measure in clinical trials.
Growth inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans by cultured human monocytes: role of the capsule, opsonins, the culture surface, and cytokines (1990)

Despite a presumed critical role of macrophages in the host response to cryptococcal infections, previous studies have failed to show growth inhibition of encapsulated Cryptococcus neoformans by human peripheral blood cultured monocyte-derived macrophages (MO-M phi). Here, we examined whether MO-M phi could be induced to inhibit growth of an encapsulated strain and an isogenic acapsular mutant strain of C. neoformans. MO-M phi were cultured in microwells, and inhibition was measured by comparing CFU at 0 and 24 h after fungal challenge. MO-M phi cultured on plastic surfaces failed to inhibit growth of the encapsulated strain, even in the presence of pooled human serum and/or anticapsular antibody. Moreover, the presence of anticapsular antibody significantly enhanced fungal growth. However, if MO-M phi were cultured on surfaces coated with fibronectin or poly-L-lysine (but not laminin or collagen) and yeast cells were opsonized with pooled human serum, then complete growth inhibition occurred. Preincubation with various concentrations of tumor necrosis factor, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, or supernatants from C. neoformans-stimulated lymphocytes failed to activate macrophages for enhanced antifungal activity. The addition of gamma interferon resulted in a significant loss of growth inhibition. For the acapsular strain, complete growth inhibition was observed regardless of the choice of culture surface, opsonins, or cytokines. Fungicidal activity, as measured by a significant decrement in CFU compared with the initial inoculum, was not observed under any conditions tested. These data demonstrate that macrophages are capable of inhibiting cryptococcal growth but that this capacity is markedly influenced by the culture surface, opsonins, cytokines, and the fungal capsule.
Electrorheology of filled silicone elastomers (2001)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Bo Liu, Montgomery T. Shaw; Electrorheology of filled silicone elastomers. J. Rheol. 1 May 2001; 45 (3): 641–657. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.1366716 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The Anatomical Basis of the Vascularized Pronator Quadratus Pedicled Bone Graft (1997)

The vascular supply of the pronator quadratus was studied in 25 cadaveric dissections following coloured latex injections. This showed that the main blood supply of the pronator quadratus came from the anterior interosseous artery. There was, however, a rich anastomosis between the branches of the anterior interosseous artery and those of the radial and ulnar arteries. It was possible to raise a corticocancellous bone graft from the anterior surface of the radial styloid on a pedicle of the lower fibres of the pronator quadratus muscle. This muscle pedicle had a constant branch of the anterior interosseous artery which vascularized the bone graft. Such a vascularized pedicled bone graft may be useful in the treatment of non-union of the scaphoid and Kienböck's disease.
A functional role for the two-pore domain potassium channel TASK-1 in cerebellar granule neurons (2000)

Cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) are one of the most populous cells in the mammalian brain. They express an outwardly rectifying potassium current, termed a "standing-outward" K(+) current, or IK(SO), which does not inactivate. It is active at the resting potential of CGNs, and blocking IK(SO) leads to cell depolarization. IK(SO) is blocked by Ba(2+) ions and is regulated by activation of muscarinic M(3) receptors, but it is insensitive to the classical broad-spectrum potassium channel blocking drugs 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium ions. The molecular nature of this important current has yet to be established, but in this study, we provide strong evidence to suggest that IK(SO) is the functional correlate of the recently identified two-pore domain potassium channel TASK-1. We show that IK(SO) has no threshold for activation by voltage and that it is blocked by small extracellular acidifications. Both of these are properties that are diagnostic of TASK-1 channels. In addition, we show that TASK-1 currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes are inhibited after activation of endogenous M(3) muscarinic receptors. Finally, we demonstrate that mRNA for TASK-1 is found in CGNs and that TASK-1 protein is expressed in CGN membranes. This description of a functional two-pore domain potassium channel in the mammalian central nervous system indicates its physiological importance in controlling cell excitability and how agents that modify its activity, such as agonists at G protein-coupled receptors and hydrogen ions, can profoundly alter both the neuron's resting potential and its excitability.
Inhibition of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Glutamine Synthetase as a Novel Antibiotic Strategy against Tuberculosis: Demonstration of Efficacy In Vivo (2002)

Tuberculosis remains one of humankind's greatest killers, and new therapeutic strategies are needed to combat the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is rapidly developing resistance to conventional antibiotics. Using the highly demanding guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis, we have investigated the feasibility of inhibiting M. tuberculosis glutamine synthetase (GS), an enzyme that plays a key role in both nitrogen metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis, as a novel antibiotic strategy. In guinea pigs challenged by aerosol with the highly virulent Erdman strain of M. tuberculosis, the GS inhibitor L-methionine-SR-sulfoximine (MSO) protected the animals against weight loss, a hallmark of tuberculosis, and against the growth of M. tuberculosis in the lungs and spleen; MSO reduced the CFU of M. tuberculosis at 10 weeks after challenge by approximately 0.7 log unit compared with that in control animals. MSO acted synergistically with isoniazid in protecting animals against weight loss and bacterial growth, reducing the CFU in the lungs and spleen by approximately 1.5 log units below the level seen with isoniazid alone. In the presence of ascorbate, which allows treatment with a higher dose, MSO was highly efficacious, reducing the CFU in the lungs and spleen by 2.5 log units compared with that in control animals. This study demonstrates that inhibition of M. tuberculosis GS is a feasible therapeutic strategy against this pathogen and supports the concept that M. tuberculosis enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, including major secretory proteins, have potential as antibiotic targets.
Integrated Platform for Managing Utilities Along Highway Corridors (2001)

Continued proliferation of utilities along highway corridors is affecting the ability of transportation agencies to deliver and manage transportation facilities effectively. From a data-management perspective, two specific issues are of interest to transportation agencies: data needs, data compatibility, and coordination with utility companies; and platform and procedures to support a utility data management system that properly addresses the needs of the transportation agency. Described is the architecture of a prototype platform for the management of utility data that takes into consideration utility data characteristics and roadway network characteristics. The platform uses the Global Positioning System (GPS), the geographic information system (GIS), and Internet technologies. The model includes a GPS/GIS-based prototype to represent utility facilities located within a highway right-of-way and associated attribute data such as ownership, purpose, size, type, and shared and multiple uses. The model also includes a prototype Internet-based data entry procedure to facilitate the capture of utility data from a variety of utility entities.
Transcriptional regulation of interleukin 3 (IL3) in primary human T lymphocytes. Role of AP-1- and octamer-binding proteins in control of IL3 gene expression. (1993)

We have investigated the molecular and biochemical basis for activation of interleukin 3 (IL3) gene expression in primary human T lymphocytes following CD3 and CD2 receptor stimulation or activation by phytohemagglutinin plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Using transfection and reporter gene assays specifically designed for primary T lymphocytes in conjunction with gel retardation assays, Western blot analyses and UV cross-linking studies, we found that c-Jun, c-Fos, and octamer-binding proteins play a major role in transcriptional activation of the IL3 gene via their interaction with two specific regions contained within the IL3 5'-flanking sequence. Additionally, the region between bases -107 and -59 of the IL3 promoter containing putative AP-2 and Sp1 binding motifs appears necessary for basal level expression of the IL3 gene. The data also indicate that CD2 receptor activation and phytohemagglutinin plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation augment T cell IL3 gene expression through the same cis- and trans-activating signals. These results should contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of IL3 gene expression in human T lymphocytes.
OpenGL ES 2.0プログラミングガイド (2009)

ＯｐｅｎＧＬ ＥＳ ２．０入門 Ｈｅｌｌｏ Ｔｒｉａｎｇｌｅ：ＯｐｅｎＧＬ ＥＳ ２．０の例 ＥＧＬ入門 シェーダとプログラム ＯｐｅｎＧＬ ＥＳシェーダ記述言語 頂点属性、頂点配列、バッファオブジェクト プリミティブの組み立てとラスタライズ処理 頂点シェーダ テクスチャ処理 フラグメントシェーダ フラグメント操作 フレームバッファオブジェクト ＯｐｅｎＧＬ ＥＳ ２．０による高度なプログラミング ステートの問い合わせ 携帯プラットフォーム上のＯｐｅｎＧＬ ＥＳとＥＧＬ
Polymers Containing Di(1<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>d</i>]imidazol-2-yl)arene Moieties:  Polymerization via N−C Coupling Reactions (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTPolymers Containing Di(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)arene Moieties: Polymerization via N−C Coupling ReactionsAntisar R. Hlil, Sumiko Matsumura, and Allan S. HayView Author Information Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A2K6, Canada Cite this: Macromolecules 2008, 41, 6, 1912–1914Publication Date (Web):February 19, 2008Publication History Received21 November 2007Published online19 February 2008Published inissue 1 March 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma702596xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma702596xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views623Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Coupling reactions,Ethers,Inorganic compounds,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Glucocorticoids increase the endocytic activity of human dendritic cells (1999)

We have investigated the effect of glucocorticoids (GC) on antigen uptake molecule expression and on endocytic activity of human dendritic cells (DC). Human monocyte-derived DC were differentiated in vitro for 7 days with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor and IL-4 in the presence or absence of dexamethasone 10(-8) M (Dex). Dex-treated DC showed an enhancement of mannose receptor (MR)-mediated endocytosis (measured as uptake of FITC-dextran) and of fluid-phase endocytosis [measured as uptake of Lucifer yellow (LY)] The effect was dose dependent and correlated with the length of exposure to Dex. The expression of receptors involved in antigen capture was investigated by FACS analysis. Dex up-regulates MR, CD16 and CD32 expression on DC. After maturation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha or CD40 ligand in Dex-treated DC, despite a reduction induced by maturation the endocytic activity of FITC-dextran and LY, the expression of MR, CD16 and CD32 remained higher than in control DC. In view of the fact that antigen capture was increased in cells cultured with Dex, we evaluated the ability to present soluble antigen that needs to be taken up and processed. Cells differentiated in the presence of Dex showed much lower efficiency in presenting tetanus toxin to specific autologous T cell lines. In conclusion our data suggest a new mechanism by which GC may influence immune responses. In fact with the increase in endocytic activity, Dex favors the scavenging of antigen from the external milieu, decreasing antigen concentration and availability, and simultaneously inhibiting the capacity to stimulate T cells.
Mobile-agent-based collaborative signal and information processing in sensor networks (2003)

In this paper, we develop an energy-efficient, fault-tolerant approach for collaborative signal and information processing (CSIP) among multiple sensor nodes using a mobile-agent-based computing model. In this model, instead of each sensor node sending local information to a processing center for integration, as is typical in client/server-based computing, the integration code is moved to the sensor nodes through mobile agents. The energy efficiency objective and the fault tolerance objective always conflict with each other and present unique challenge to the design of CSIP algorithms. In general, energy-efficient approaches try to limit the redundancy in the algorithm so that minimum amount of energy is required for fulfilling a certain task. On the other hand, redundancy is needed for providing fault tolerance since sensors might be faulty, malfunctioning, or even malicious. A balance has to be struck between these two objectives. We discuss the potential of mobile-agent-based collaborative processing in providing progressive accuracy while maintaining certain degree of fault tolerance. We evaluate its performance compared to the client/server-based collaboration from perspectives of energy consumption and execution time through both simulation and analytical study. Finally, we take collaborative target classification as an application example to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
2‐Cyanoacrylates as reagents in heteroatomic synthesis (a review) (1995)

Abstract Several types of addition reactions to the CC bond of alkyl 2‐cyanoacrylates, CH 2 C(CN)COOR ( 1 ), are considered. The first examples deal with addition of CH‐Acids (p K a less than 13) and of H 2 S in the presence of catalytic amounts of strong amines, also of mercaptans, thiocarboxylic, and thiophosphoric acids. P‐Sulfenylchlorides and acidic phosphites add irreversibly at 20°C to form addition products in accordance with the distribution of charges in 1 . HCl reversibly adds to 1 and to the acid chloride CH 2 C(CN)COCl ( 2 ). Alcohols and H 2 O also add reversibly to the acid CH 2 C(CN)COOH ( 3 ) and to esters of 1 to transform 1 and 3 into polymers. Triethylsilane in the presence of CF 3 COOH ( 4 ) reduces the CC bond of 1 and 3 to the corresponding saturated derivatives. The second set of examples involves reactions of 1 with P‐III compounds in the presence or absence of 4 . Ph 3 P as well as other weak nucleophiles reversibly add to 1 in the absence of 4 to cause instant polymerization. However, 4 protonates an initially formed zwitter‐ion in the reaction of 1 with Ph 3 P,(EtO) 2 PCl,Ph 2 PCl and thiourea to afford stable addition products. IR spectroscopy reveals the formation of H‐complexes of 4 with the CN and COOR groups of 1 , which stimulates the addition of the weak nucleophile (o‐C 6 H 4 O 2 )PCl to the CC bond of 1 . This reagent does not react with 1 in the absence of 4 . Strong nucleophiles, Alk 3 P, and (Et 2 N) 3 P in excess irreversibly add at 20°C to 1 to form zwitterions, which specifically react with PhNCO to give stable products. 1,3,2‐Dioxaphospholes react with 1 either to form spirophosphoranes or 2‐cyano‐3‐phosphoranylpropionates.
Dual Linearly Polarized Microstrip Array Antenna (2010)

Recently, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) has become popular research topic among researchers for development of a new wireless communications technology. The system capacity can be increase with deployment of MIMO technique in the communications system. Thus, the used of high frequency bandwidth can be avoid since this method required high cost implementation. High transmitted power also is not required because all transmitted branch will transmit same power in MIMO system. There are three major studies in MIMO which are research on array antenna and adaptive signal processing, research on information theory and coding algorithm and research on MIMO channel propagation MIMO channel capacity can be increase with the increase of number of transmitter and receiver. When the number of the antennas used is fixed, the channel capacity is related to the spatial correlation and the diversity gain from antenna spacing configuration at 17 www.intechopen.com