gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterologous Expression of the <i>Mi-1.2</i> Gene from Tomato Confers Resistance Against Nematodes but Not Aphids in Eggplant (2006)

The Mi-1.2 gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a member of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NBLRR) class of plant resistance genes, and confers resistance against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), and the sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Mi-1.2 mediates a rapid local defensive response at the site of infection, although the signaling and defensive pathways required for resistance are largely unknown. In this study, eggplant (S. melongena) was transformed with Mi-1.2 to determine whether this gene can function in a genetic background other than tomato. Eggplants that carried Mi-1.2 displayed resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica but were fully susceptible to the potato aphid, whereas a susceptible tomato line transformed with the same transgene was resistant to nematodes and aphids. This study shows that Mi-1.2 can confer nematode resistance in another Solanaceous species. It also indicates that the requirements for Mi-mediated aphid and nematode resistance differ. Potentially, aphid resistance requires additional genes that are not conserved between tomato and eggplant.
An examination of the auditability of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) ballots (2007)

With heightened concerns over the security of electronic voting machines, 37 states now require some form of voter verification mechanism that could then be used in a recount. This usually takes the form of a Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT). Unfortunately, little is known about the usability of VVPATs for recount purposes. The current study examines the speed and accuracy of hand recounts of VVPATs. Participants counted completed VVPAT ballots which were based on those actually in use in DREs today. Two races from of a spool of 120 ballots were manually counted, which includes separating ballots from the spool and removing rejected ballots. This task was time-consuming and prone to high error rates, with only 57.5% of participants' counts providing the correct election results. Furthermore, ballot rejection rate interacted with the closeness of the race being counted; high rejection rate paired with a small margin of victory resulted in a particularly high error rate. This experiment raises serious concerns about the viability of conducting manual recounts or audits using current VVPAT technology.
Cloning and Heterologous Expression of a Natural Product Biosynthetic Gene Cluster from eDNA (2001)

[reaction: see text] To study the natural products produced by uncultured microorganisms, an environmental DNA (eDNA) cosmid library was constructed and screened for the heterologous production of small molecules. A blue clone, CSL51, found in the eDNA library produces deoxyviolacein and the broad spectrum antibiotic violacein. The full sequence of the 6.7 kb eDNA violacein gene cluster and the characterization of violacein and deoxyviolacein from an eDNA clone are reported here.
Controllable Preparation of Core–Shell Au–Ag Nanoshuttles with Improved Refractive Index Sensitivity and SERS Activity (2014)

Recent studies have conclusively shown that the plasmonic performance of Au nanostructures can be enhanced by incorporating Ag. Here, we developed a simple and robust approach for preparing core-shell Au-Ag nanoshuttles (NSs) using single-crystal Au nanorods (NRs) as cores. Upon tailoring the temperature of the reaction system containing alkaline glycine buffer (pH 8.5), exceptionally monodisperse Au-Ag NSs with sharp tips and tunable shell thickness could be routinely achieved in high yield through an epitaxial growth process. In particular, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and nitric acid corrosive experiments revealed that the shells of these NSs consisted of a homogeneous Au-Ag alloy, rather than pure Ag or Au as previously reported. It was found that glycine played an important role in determining the final metal contents of the shell by regulating the reduction kinetics. In addition, the obatined Au-Ag NSs with sharp tips were shown to have significantly improved refractive index sensitivity and surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity relative to the original Au NRs, making these materials promising for biomedical applications, such as biosensing and biolabeling.
Laser chip separation method for GaAs MMIC wafers (2003)

A chip separation process is described that uses a Nd-YAG laser with the wafer mounted on stretchable tape for machine sort and load for GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) wafers. This method is considered especially suitable for prototype masks with multiple-chip design. One of the major advantages of this technique is that the laser can be programmed to cut any pattern desired such that the different circuits need not be laid out in a straight grid pattern as required for sawing. One hundred percent (100%) chip separation yield with no chipping or cracking has been demonstrated. The complete laser chip-separation process consists of eight steps: front scribe alley etch, backside lopping, wafer test, wafer mounting, protective coating for optimal die separation, laser cutting, protective coat removal, and stretch and frame for sorting and chip loading. The process steps are described, and the method's advantages are noted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transport of proteins into chloroplasts. Delineation of envelope “transit” and thylakoid “transfer” signals within the pre-sequences of three imported thylakoid lumen proteins. (1991)

The targeting of cytosolically synthesized proteins into the thylakoid lumen is mediated by an aminoterminal pre-sequence consisting of an "envelope transit" and a "thylakoid transfer" signal in tandem. We have investigated the structural characteristics of several thylakoid transfer signals by determining the intermediate sites at which the stromal processing peptidase cleaves to remove the transit sequences. Using this approach we have found that the thylakoid transfer signals of Silene pratensis plastocyanin, 23-kDa oxygen-evolving complex protein from wheat, and 33-kDa oxygen-evolving complex protein from wheat, are 25, 39, and 48 residues in length, respectively. All of the transfer signals contain hydrophobic core sequences and a "-3,-1" motif reminiscent of those found in signal sequences, but the amino-terminal regions of the transfer signals of the 23- and 33-kDa proteins are both longer and more highly charged. The net charge of each amino-terminal region of the transfer sequences is +1, including the amino-terminal amino group. In each case, the stromal processing peptidase cleaves immediately after a positively charged residue, but otherwise the cleavage sites exhibit no common elements of either primary or secondary structure.
The Application of Internet Technologies to Information Management (2006)

The above examples illustrate the immense benefits available in all industries by the use of Virtual Private Networks. As is usual with most types of technology and in particular IT, the United States has embraced VPNs quite readily. The reliability of service and the loss of control of network administration, may for many UK organisations, be two areas that prevent them from considering VPNs as a viable alternative to their current distributed network architectures. The low capital expenditure required in implementing VPNs will appeal to those organisations following an agile manufacturing strategy within the extended enterprise. With the links between consumer and manufacturer becoming ever closer, VPNs offer the user shorter times to market and more efficient methods of operating. The market for VPNs is expected to grow from $120m in 1997 to $6bn by 2001 in the US alone. This technology represents an opportunity for all organisations to reduce their operating costs and improve their productivity. The likelihood of UK organisations implementing VPNs is minimal if their track record of utilising new technologies is indicative of their commitment to VPNs. It is more likely that US organisations currently implementing VPNswill transport the technology to their UK subsidiaries and thrust the technology upon them.
Algorithm 515: Generation of a Vector from the Lexicographical Index [G6] (1977)

Let C = {C1, C2,..., Cm} be the set of combinations of n items taken p at a time and arranged in lexicographical order. Given an integer, i (1 ~ i __< m, n >__ p ~ 0), the algorithm derives C,. Previous algorithms The cited algorithms are computationally advantageous if all combinations or a sequential subset are required. However, the algorithm given here is advantageous if a few randomly selected combinations are needed and each selection is not based on the previous selection history.
Effect of Leuprolide and Dexamethasone on Hair Growth and Hormone Levels in Hirsute Women: The Relative Importance of the Ovary and the Adrenal in the Pathogenesis of Hirsutism* (1990)

Ten hirsute women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO) and nine with idiopathic hirsutism (IH) underwent selective ovarian suppression with leuprolide for 5-6 months and then were randomized to receive, in addition, dexamethasone or placebo for 4 more months. Serum hormone levels and hair growth rates were determined before and after each treatment period. During the initial treatment period with leuprolide alone, testosterone decreased by 54 +/- 6% (mean +/- SEM) in PCO and by 36 +/- 3% in IH (P = 0.02). Androstenedione decreased by 53 +/- 6% in PCO and by 31 +/- 7% in IH (P = 0.02). Androstanediol glucuronide (Adiol-G) decreased by 14 +/- 6% in PCO and by 7 +/- 3% in IH. There was no change in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). While initial serum androgen levels were higher in PCO than in IH, they were similar after ovarian suppression in the two groups. After ovarian suppression, Adiol-G was more consistently correlated with testosterone and androstenedione than was DHEAS, suggesting that Adiol-G may be a better marker than DHEAS of adrenal androgen secretion. Hair growth rates decreased by 37 +/- 6% in PCO and by 14 +/- 10% in IH (P = 0.07). The change in hair growth correlated with the change in androstenedione (r = 0.66; P = 0.002), but not significantly with the change in testosterone (r = 0.29; P = 0.2). After the addition of dexamethasone therapy (0.5 mg daily), testosterone, androstenedione, and DHEAS levels fell to near or below assay detection limits, while Adiol-G decreased by 80 +/- 3%. Hair growth rates decreased slightly more in women during dexamethasone (46 +/- 6%) than during placebo (26 +/- 9%; P = 0.18). In summary, the ovary was the major source of circulating testosterone and androstenedione in PCO. The adrenal contributed a substantial minority of these hormones in PCO and was the major source of androgen secretion in IH. Adrenal hyperandrogenism was common in both IH and PCO. Hair growth rates correlated best with changes in serum androstenedione levels. Adiol-G, which was derived primarily from adrenal precursors, was a better marker of adrenal androgen secretion than was DHEAS in these subjects.
The virulent bacteriophage IRA of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>: Cloning of phage genes which are potentially lethal for the host cell (1990)

Morphological and biological properties of Salmonella typhimurium phage IRA were studied. The phage is a member of the Styloviridae family and exhibits a very wide spectrum of lytic activity. Molecular cloning of phage genes whose expression is lethal for the host cell has been performed and consequences of gene expression have been investigated. Expression of recombinant plasmid pKI71 causes structural changes of the cell wall and also degradation of host DNA while plasmid DNA remains intact. Expression of pKI72 blocks normal cell division. The possibility of applying such recombinant clones in marking pathways of microbial contamination in water areas is proposed.
Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes with Covalent Sidewall Functionalization (2004)

We show that covalent sidewall functionalization of single-wall nanotubes leads to drastic changes of nanotube electronic states near the Fermi level. The sp3 hybridization between the functional group and nanotube induces an impurity state near the Fermi level. The impurity state is found to be extended over a large distance (>1 nm) even though the structural deformation is confined to the vicinity of the functionalizing site. Thus, dramatic changes in the conductive properties of the nanotube can be expected even if the concentration of functionalization molecules is small. This effect provides an effective pathway for band structure engineering, nanoelectronic device, and sensor applications through covalent sidewall functionalization.
Efficient Synthesis of 1,1‘-Binaphthyl and 2,2‘-Bi-<i>o</i>-tolyl-2,2‘-bis(oxazoline)s and Preliminary Use for the Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Oxidation of Cyclohexene (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTEfficient Synthesis of 1,1'-Binaphthyl and 2,2'-Bi-o-tolyl-2,2'-bis(oxazoline)s and Preliminary Use for the Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Oxidation of CyclohexeneMerritt B. Andrus, Davoud Asgari, and Joseph A. SclafaniView Author Information Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 26, 9365–9368Publication Date (Web):December 26, 1997Publication History Received24 July 1997Published online26 December 1997Published inissue 1 December 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9713619https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9713619brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1899Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Ligands,Molecular structure,Oxidation,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Availability of Ferric Iron for Microbial Reduction in Bottom Sediments of the Freshwater Tidal Potomac River (1986)

The distribution of Fe(III), its availability for microbial reduction, and factors controlling Fe(III) availability were investigated in sediments from a freshwater site in the Potomac River Estuary. Fe(III) reduction in sediments incubated under anaerobic conditions and depth profiles of oxalate-extractable Fe(III) indicated that Fe(III) reduction was limited to depths of 4 cm or less, with the most intense Fe(III) reduction in the top 1 cm. In incubations of the upper 4 cm of the sediments, Fe(III) reduction was as important as methane production as a pathway for anaerobic electron flow because of the high rates of Fe(III) reduction in the 0- to 0.5-cm interval. Most of the oxalate-extractable Fe(III) in the sediments was not reduced and persisted to a depth of at least 20 cm. The incomplete reduction was not the result of a lack of suitable electron donors. The oxalate-extractable Fe(III) that was preserved in the sediments was considered to be in a form other than amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide, since synthetic amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide, amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide adsorbed onto clay, and amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide saturated with adsorbed phosphate or fulvic acids were all readily reduced. Fe(3)O(4) and the mixed Fe(III)-Fe(II) compound(s) that were produced during the reduction of amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide in an enrichment culture were oxalate extractable but were not reduced, suggesting that mixed Fe(III)-Fe(II) compounds might account for the persistence of oxalate-extractable Fe(III) in the sediments. The availability of microbially reducible Fe(III) in surficial sediments demonstrates that microbial Fe(III) reduction can be important to organic matter decomposition and iron geochemistry. However, the overall extent of microbial Fe(III) reduction is governed by the inability of microorganisms to reduce most of the Fe(III) in the sediment.
Highly Efficient Linear Regression Outsourcing to a Cloud (2014)

With cloud computing and mobile computing becoming more and more popular, there are a lot potential applications for computation outsourcing to the cloud. This paper investigates the linear regression outsourcing problem, which is a quite common engineering task and employed in various applications, as a case study to find out the possible problems that need to be solved. We propose two protocols which can enable secure and efficient outsourcing of linear regression problems to the cloud. The protocols can protect the client’s data privacy well and at the same time have good efficiency. We show all subtleties and the techniques in designing such protocols. The main idea to protect the privacy is employing some transformations to the original linear regression problem to get a new problem which is sent to the cloud; and then transforming the answer returned back from the cloud to get the true solution to the original problem. Experimental results validate the practical usability of our protocols.
Buried object scanning sonar for AUVs (2003)

A 252 channel FM sonar is developed to generate images of objects buried in sediments using reflection tomography. An omnidirectional source, transmitting FM pulses over the band of 2 to 12 kHz, illuminates buried targets. The backscattered signals are measured with 252 hydrophones and processed with a digital matched filter. Coherent nearfield focusing generates a 3D map of acoustic intensity for each transmission event. As the sonar approaches and passes buried targets, the processor generates 3D matrices of acoustic intensity, overlapping in space and referenced to a coordinate system fixed to the seabed. The co-located pixels are added incoherently to generate a multi-aspect image of the target. The change in vehicle position between transmissions is measured with a DVL (Doppler Velocity Log) and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit). The resulting reflection tomographic images provide target shape information useful for target classification. The sonar can be mounted on small AUVs by replacing the 252 channel, 1.5 m diameter array with one meter long line arrays mounted as wings. The receiver aperture is generated synthetically using the near field focusing processor which performs time delay focusing based on the positions of the hydrophones in the line array and vehicle motion data. A comparison between synthetic swath and tomographic images of a rigid spherical target in water shows the improvement provided by reflection tomography.
Dynamic reconfiguration in computer clusters with irregular topologies in the presence of multiple node and link failures (2005)

Component failures in high-speed computer networks can result in significant topological changes. In such cases, a network reconfiguration algorithm must be executed to restore the connectivity between the network nodes. Most contemporary networks use either static reconfiguration algorithms or stop the user traffic in order to prevent cyclic dependencies in the routing tables. The goal is to present NetRec, a dynamic network reconfiguration algorithm for tolerating multiple node and link failures in high-speed networks with arbitrary topology. The algorithm updates the routing tables asynchronously and does not require any global knowledge about the network topology. Certain phases of NetRec are executed in parallel, which reduces the reconfiguration time. The algorithm suspends the application traffic in small regions of the network only while the routing tables are being updated. The message complexity of NetRec is analyzed and the termination, liveness, and safety of the proposed algorithm are proven. Additionally, results from validation of the algorithm in a distributed network-validation testbed Distant, based on the MPI 1.2 features for building arbitrary virtual topologies, are presented.
Advances in adhesive technology. (1995)

Advances in adhesive technology have occurred at a remarkable pace over the past few years. It seems as though every month brings a "new" and "better" bonding system onto the market. Clinical protocol is constantly changing. Just when clinicians have mastered one technique, they find it has been supplanted by another. This often creates confusion and suspicion on the part of the dental practitioner. There are, however, some fundamental concepts applicable to almost all adhesive systems. This paper attempts to present a lucid and comprehensible review of some of these concepts. Many of the latest innovations, such as total etch and wet bonding, are discussed. This paper is not intended as a comprehensive review of all aspects of adhesive dentistry. (For example, adhesion to metals is not covered.) It is my hope that readers will come away with a basic understanding of some current concepts and beliefs in the constantly evolving field of adhesive dentistry.
An Introduction to Bayesian Network Theory and Usage (2000)

. I present an introduction to some of the concepts within Bayesian networks to help a beginner become familiar with this eld&apos;s theory. Bayesian networks are a combination of two dierent mathematical areas: graph theory and probability theory. So, I rst give the basic denition of Bayesian networks. This is followed by an elaboration of the underlying graph theory that involves the arrangements of nodes and edges in a graph. Since Bayesian networks encode one&apos;s beliefs for a system of variables, I then proceed to discuss, in general, how to update these beliefs when one or more of the variables&apos; values are no longer unknown (i.e., you have observed their values). Learning algorithms involve a combination of learning the probability distributions along with learning the network topology. I then conclude Part I by showing how Bayesian networks can be used in various domains, such as in the time-series problem of automatic speech recognition. In Part II I then give in more detail some ...
Protective Immunity Induced in Squirrel Monkeys with a Multiple Antigen Construct against the Circumsporozoite Protein of Plasmodium vivax (1997)

Saimiri boliviensis monkeys were immunized with a multiple antigen construct [(PvCS)2]2(P2)2 directed against the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax or a combination of the multiple antigen construct with nonionic copolymer P1005, with P1005 and lipopolysaccharide, with muramyl tripeptide Mf-75, or with alum. Following intravenous challenge with 10,000 sporozoites of the Salvador I strain of P. vivax, 11 of the 26 monkeys were protected against patent parasitemia. Ten additional animals were partially protected. Following rechallenge of the 26 monkeys with 30,000 sporozoites of the homologous strain of parasite, four monkeys were totally protected and nine animals were partially protected.