gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An algorithm for computations of the power deposition in human tissue (1999)

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) is the most often used method for evaluation of electromagnetic fields in human tissue. This is of particular importance for compliance testing of portable telephones. The specific absorption rate (SAR) averaged over 1 or 10 g tissue mass is required by regulations not to exceed a prescribed value. A computer algorithm is developed for post-processing the FDTD data. This algorithm can be used for uniform as well as graded meshes, while the required cubical shape is maintained. Extensive investigations are shown of the resultant SAR due to the number of electric field components used in field averaging, and the volume of air within the cube. The latter is easily controlled in the algorithm, but the regulations on the permissible SAR do not specify it at the present time.
Properties of Cast Aluminum Alloys (1990)

Abstract This article is a compilation of property data for standard grades of cast aluminum alloys. Data are provided for mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. The listing for each alloy includes commercial names, chemical compositions, applications, relevant specifications, fabrication characteristics, and mass characteristics.
SorLA regulates the activity of lipoprotein lipase by intracellular trafficking (2011)

Many different tissues and cell types exhibit regulated secretion of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). However, the sorting of LPL in the trans Golgi network has not, hitherto, been understood in detail. Here, we characterize the role of SorLA (officially known as SorLA-1 or sortilin-related receptor) in the intracellular trafficking of LPL. We found that LPL bound to SorLA under neutral and acidic conditions, and in cells this binding mainly occurred in vesicular structures. SorLA expression changed the subcellular distribution of LPL so it became more concentrated in endosomes. From the endosomes, LPL was further routed to the lysosomes, which resulted in a degradation of newly synthesized LPL. Consequently, an 80% reduction of LPL activity was observed in cells that expressed SorLA. By analogy, SorLA regulated the vesicle-like localization of LPL in primary neuronal cells. Thus, LPL binds to SorLA in the biosynthetic pathway and is subsequently transported to endosomes. As a result of this SorLA mediated-transport, newly synthesized LPL can be routed into specialized vesicles and eventually sent to degradation, and its activity thereby regulated.
Synthesis and characterization of radiation curable polyurethanes containing pendant acrylate groups (1986)

Abstract A series of radiation sensitive and relatively high molecular weight poly(tetramethylene adipate) polyurethanes containing pendant acryfate functionality was synthesized. These radiation curable materials possess good mechanical properties and behave like common thermoplastic elastomers prior to chemical crosslinking which further enhances their strength and insolublizes them. Both the precursor and the cured materials were characterized by stress‐strain, differential scanning calorimetry. and dynamic mechanical testing. It was found that the poly‐(tetramethylene adipate) soft segments with molecular weight of 2000 or higher were crystallizable in the cross‐linked network. The soft segment molecular weight and the diisocyanate type were found to be important in determining the tensile and thermal properties of these male‐rials. The crosslinking process was found to depress crystallization of the soft segments and to improve tensile properties. Increasing the soft segment molecular weight resulted in an Increased elongation al break bill a decreased ultimate stress for both the precursor linear polymers and the crosslinked materials.
Selective Ganglion Cell Functional Loss in Rats with Experimental Glaucoma (2004)

As demonstrated by prior studies, selective loss of the pSTR is indicative of selective retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury. In this rat model of experimental glaucoma, selective RGC functional injury occurred before the onset of structural damage, as assessed by light microscopy of optic nerve tissue. The highest IOP levels resulted in nonselective functional loss. Thus, in rodent models of experimental glaucoma, lower levels of chronically elevated IOP may be more relevant to human primary chronic glaucoma.
Defining ATPG rules checking in STIL (2002)

Developed for pattern interchange from test-generation output to tester input, the standard test interface language (STIL) was recently shown to support general test-generation input constructs. This paper shows how scan-test rules-checking can be driven by a single STIL input file. All rules-checking information can be read back in to iteratively refine rules checking.
Posttranslational modifications of trichomonad tubulins; identification of multiple glutamylation sites (1998)

The alpha- and beta-tubulins present in cytoskeletons of Tritrichomonas mobilensis are extensively glutamylated. Automated sequencing and mass spectrometry of the carboxyterminal peptides identifies 4 glutamylation sites in alpha- and 2 sites in beta-tubulin. They are marked by asterisks in the terminal sequences GDE*E*E*E*DDG (alpha) and EGE*E*DEEAEA (beta). This is the first report that tubulin glutamylation can occur at multiple sites. Although T. mobilensis has four flagellae the tubulins lack polyglycylation. Thus glycylation is not necessary for formation or function of axonemal microtubules. Alpha-tubulin is completely acetylated at lysine 40 and shows no tyrosine cycle. Peptide sequences establish two distinct beta-tubulins.
A tubular organ resection manipulator for transurethral resection of the prostate (2005)

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) is a common treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the damage to the mucous membrane of the urethra leads to the complications. This paper reports a tubular organ resection manipulator for transurethral resection of the prostate which can minimize damage to the mucous membrane of the urethra using a prostate displacement mechanism and a continuous perfusion-resection mechanism. The manipulator has an arm, a cutter and a drill at the endeffector, and has 4 degrees-of-freedom: bending the arm, translating the cutter, rotating the drill and rotating the endeffector. The arm displaces the prostate, and the cutter is inserted linearly into the prostate and removes enlarged tissue by drilling. Combination of the arm and cutter enables the manipulator to remove sufficient volume of enlarged prostate through small incision on the urethra, thus minimizing the damage to the urethra. After finishing one plane cutting, the manipulator rotates its body and removes another part of the prostate gland. In performance experiments, each mechanism (bending motion, insertion, and body rotation) had high repeatability within 1.0 degree and within 0.1 mm. In phantom study, the manipulator could displace gelatin model accurately with sufficient power, and could reach and remove wide range of sample tissue (589.2 mm/sup 2/ in one procedure). These results showed that the manipulator can displace the prostate and remove sufficient volume of the prostate tissue through a small incision on the urethra.
Positive inotropic effects of the endogenous Na+/K(+)-transporting ATPase inhibitor from the hypothalamus. (1989)

Bovine hypothalamus contains a nonpeptidic substance that inhibits purified Na+/K(+)-transporting ATPase [ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+/K(+)-transporting), EC 3.6.1.37] reversibly with high affinity by a mechanism similar to, but not identical to, that of the cardiac glycosides. It possesses some of the characteristics ascribed to a putative endogenous "digitalis-like" compound that has been implicated in the control of renal sodium excretion and the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in man. To determine whether this hypothalamic Na+/K(+)-transporting ATPase inhibitor might have physiologic properties in cardiac tissues, its effects on Na+ pump inhibition, accumulation of cytosolic free calcium, and contractile response were studied in cultured, spontaneously contracting neonatal rat cardiocytes. The hypothalamic factor potently inhibited the Na+ pump in these cells, increased myoplasmic free calcium in a dose-dependent manner, and reversibly enhanced myocyte contractility by up to 40%, comparable in degree to maximal positive inotropic effects caused by the cardiac glycoside ouabain. Comparative studies further indicate that cardiotoxic effects of ouabain in the myocytes may be more complex than simple progressive elevation of intracellular free calcium concentration because at a free calcium concentration in excess of that produced by a toxic dose of ouabain, no toxicity with the hypothalamic Na+/K(+)-transporting ATPase inhibitor occurred.
Anomaly Detection Using Deep Learning Based Image Completion (2018)

Automated surface inspection is an important task in many manufacturing industries and often requires machine learning driven solutions. Supervised approaches, however, can be challenging, since it is often difficult to obtain large amounts of labeled training data. In this work, we instead perform one-class unsupervised learning on fault-free samples by training a deep convolutional neural network to complete images whose center regions are cut out. Since the network is trained exclusively on fault-free data, it completes the image patches with a fault-free version of the missing image region. The pixel-wise reconstruction error within the cut out region is an anomaly image which can be used for anomaly detection. Results on surface images of decorated plastic parts demonstrate that this approach is suitable for detection of visible anomalies and moreover surpasses all other tested methods.
Single underwater image enhancement with a new optical model (2013)

As light is attenuated when disseminating in water, the clarity of images or videos captured under water is usually degraded to varying degrees. By exploring the difference in light attenuation between in atmosphere and in water, we derive a new underwater optical model to describe the formation of an underwater image in the true physical process, and then propose an effective enhancement algorithm with the derived optical model to improve the perception of underwater images or video frames. In our algorithm, a new underwater dark channel is derived to estimate the scattering rate, and an effective method is also presented to estimate the background light in the underwater optical model. Experimental results show that our algorithm can well handle underwater images, especially for deep-sea images and those captured from turbid waters.
Thermooptical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles Embedded in Ice:  Characterization of Heat Generation and Melting (2006)

We investigate the system of optically excited gold NPs in an ice matrix aiming to understand heat generation and melting processes at the nanoscale level. Along with the traditional fluorescence method, we introduce thermooptical spectroscopy based on phase transformation of a matrix. With this, we can not only measure optical response but also thermal response, that is, heat generation. After several recrystallization cycles, the nanoparticles are embedded into the ice film where the optical and thermal properties of the nanoparticles are probed. Spatial fluorescence mapping shows the locations of Au nanoparticles, whereas the time-resolved Raman signal of ice reveals the melting process. From the time-dependent Raman signals, we determine the critical light intensities at which the laser beam is able to melt ice around the nanoparticles. The melting intensity depends strongly on temperature and position. The position-dependence is especially strong and reflects a mesoscopic character of heat generation. We think that it comes from the fact that nanoparticles form small complexes of different geometry and each complex has a unique thermal response. Theoretical calculations and experimental data are combined to make a quantitative measure of the amount of heat generated by optically excited Au nanoparticles and agglomerates. The information obtained in this study can be used to design nanoscale heaters and actuators.
Profile of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Circulating Levels in Gastric Cancer Patients (2002)

The serum level of MCP-1 decreased in accord with disease progression, which reflects local consumption in gastric cancer. Serum MCP-1 may be a useful marker that reflects the host's local resistance to the tumor.
AD HOC MOBILITY PROTOCOL (2003)

We describe an Ad Hoc Mobility Protocol Suite (AMPS) aimed at providing rapidly deployable, secure, robust IPbased communications among tactical mobile ad hoc nodes. AMPS is an integrated networking solution for the MOSAIC ATD in that it provides the following capabilities: autoconfiguration, mobility management, unicast and multicast routing, reliable transport, quality of service, security and network visualization tools. This paper describes the architecture and implementation of AMPS for the MOSAIC ATD. Both laborato y and field experiments to measure AMPS functionality and performance were conducted in 2002 and 2003. This paper reports on the results of those experiments and their impact on future AMPS design and operation.
Zur Positions‐ und Regioselektivität neuer [3 + 2]‐Cycloadditionen von Nitronen und einem Nitriloxid an Butatriene (1986)

Abstract N ‐Methyl‐ C ‐phenylnitron ( 1a ) und das Nitriloxid 6 reagieren mit 2,5‐Dimethyl‐2,3,4‐hexatrien ( 2 ) zu den Addukten 3 bzw. 7 und 8 , während 1b und 6 mit 5,5,5‐Trifluor‐1,1‐diphenyl‐4‐(trifluormethyl)‐1,2,3‐pentatrien ( 4 ) zu 5 bzw. 15 cycloaddieren. Die beobachteten Loco‐und Regioselektivitäten werden auf der Basis der PMO‐ und FMO‐Theorie diskutiert.
Theory of the extended x-ray-absorption fine structure (1974)

A general theory of the fine structure observed on the high-energy side of the $K$-absorption edge (EXAFS) is presented. The form of the theory presented is useful when the excited atom is not too highly ionized and the potential is approximately spherically symmetric. A critical analysis is made of long-range-order theories of EXAFS and it is shown that the coherent effects of the periodic potential are not the dominant mechanism as assumed previously. The dominant mechanism is the scattering in the vicinity of the absorbing atom, and can most naturally be calculated by considering only the immediate environment surrounding the absorbing atom. Fourier-transforming EXAFS data determines the spatial dependence of a scattering matrix. This scattering matrix is expected to peak at the location of surrounding atoms, locating them, and can give information on the type of surrounding atoms and possibly the surrounding valence electron density. Because the $K$ edges of different atoms are separated, such information can be obtained around each atom type separately, making EXAFS a potentially powerful tool for determining the microscopic structure of condensed matter.
Off‐flavor removal from soy‐protein isolate by using liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide (1995)

Abstract The efficacy of liquid carbon dioxide (L‐CO 2 ), supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO 2 ), and SC‐CO 2 containing 5% ethanol in the removal of off‐flavors from soybean protein isolate was studied. Medium‐chain aldehydes: n ‐butanal, n ‐pentanal, and n ‐hexanal; ketones: 2‐butanone, 2‐pentanone, and 2‐hexanone; and alcohols: 1‐butanol and 2‐butanol; were the major compounds extracted. The extractions were performed at a constant fluid density of 901 kg/m 3 with 100, 500, and 1000 standard liter of carbon dioxide. None of the treatments had a detrimental effect on soy‐protein functionality. Headspace gas chromatography (GC) and sensory analysis of the treated samples were compared with the untreated soy isolate (control). In general, L‐CO 2 was the least effective, and SC‐CO 2 was the most effective in removing the off‐flavor volatiles. Addition of ethanol as an entrainer did not improve the efficiency of off‐flavor removal by SC‐CO 2 . The results of sensory analysis correlated well with the GC analysis. Sensory analysis of a 33% (wt/vol) slurry of treated soy‐protein isolate had more off‐flavor notes than the dry soy isolate. Dry and slurried treated soy‐protein isolates had significantly less off‐flavors and significantly more acceptability than the untreated control.
The Skeletal Muscle Ryanodine Receptor Identified as a Molecular Target of [<sup>3</sup>H]Azidodantrolene by Photoaffinity Labeling (2000)

Dantrolene is a skeletal muscle relaxant which acts by inhibiting intracellular Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). It is used primarily in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia (MH), a pharmacogenetic sensitivity to volatile anesthetics resulting in massive intracellular Ca(2+) release. Determination of the site and mechanism of action of dantrolene should contribute to the understanding of the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) release in skeletal muscle. Photoaffinity labeling of porcine SR with [(3)H]azidodantrolene, a photoactivatable analogue of dantrolene, has identified a 160 kDa SR protein with immunologic cross-reactivity to skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR) as a possible target [Palnitkar et al. (1999) J. Med. Chem. 42, 1872-1880]. Here we demonstrate specific, AMP-PCP-enhanced, [(3)H]azidodantrolene photolabeling of both the RyR monomer and a 160 or 172 kDa protein in porcine and rabbit SR, respectively. The 160/172 kDa protein is shown to be the NH(2)-terminus of the RyR cleaved from the monomer by an endogenous protease activity consistent with that of n-calpain. MALDI-mass spectrometric analysis of the porcine 160 kDa protein identifies it as the 1400 amino acid NH(2)-terminal fragment of the skeletal muscle RyR reportedly generated by n-calpain [Shevchenko et al. (1998) J. Membr. Biol. 161, 33-34]. Immunoprecipitation of solubilized, [(3)H]azidodantrolene-photolabeled SR protein reveals that the cleaved 160/172 kDa protein remains associated with the C-terminal, 410 kDa portion of the RyR. [(3)H]Dantrolene binding to both the intact and the n-calpain-cleaved channel RyR is similarly enhanced by AMP-PCP. n-Calpain cleavage of the RyR does not affect [(3)H]dantrolene binding in the presence of AMP-PCP, but depresses drug binding in the absence of nucleotide. These results demonstrate that the NH(2)-terminus of the RyR is a molecular target for dantrolene, and suggest a regulatory role for both n-calpain activity and ATP in the interaction of dantrolene with the RyR in vivo.
Biomarker distribution after injection into the canine prostate: implications for gene therapy (2000)

Direct injection of the canine prostate with biomarkers, including viral vectors, in the fluid-phase results in very localized gene expression, while the distribution was more widespread after delivery in a gelatine sponge matrix.
Scalable Fabrication of Ambipolar Transistors and Radio‐Frequency Circuits Using Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays (2013)

Field-effect transistors (FETs) are fabricated on a large scale and with a high yield of over 95% based on aligned carbon nanotube arrays directly grown on quartz, and exhibit ambipolar transfer characteristics that can be used to construct ambipolar RF circuits. RF circuits including frequency doubler and mixer based on the ambipolar FETs demonstrate unequivocally working frequency up to 40 GHz.
Epidemiology of Alzheimer Disease (2012)

The global prevalence of dementia has been estimated to be as high as 24 million, and is predicted to double every 20 years until at least 2040. As the population worldwide continues to age, the number of individuals at risk will also increase, particularly among the very old. Alzheimer disease is the leading cause of dementia beginning with impaired memory. The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease include diffuse and neuritic extracellular amyloid plaques in brain that are frequently surrounded by dystrophic neurites and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles. The etiology of Alzheimer disease remains unclear, but it is likely to be the result of both genetic and environmental factors. In this review we discuss the prevalence and incidence rates, the established environmental risk factors, and the protective factors, and briefly review genetic variants predisposing to disease.
Processing of the glycoprotein of feline immunodeficiency virus: effect of inhibitors of glycosylation (1991)

The processing and transport of the envelope glycoprotein complex of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in the persistently infected Crandell feline kidney (CRFK) cell line were investigated. Pulse-chase analyses revealed that the glycoprotein is synthesized as a precursor with an Mr of 145,000 (gp145) and is quickly trimmed to a molecule with an Mr of 130,000 (gp130). Treatment of gp130 with endoglycosidase H (endo H) resulted in a protein with an Mr of 75,000, indicating that nearly half the weight of the gp130 precursor consists of endo H-sensitive glycans during biosynthesis. Chase periods of up to 8 h revealed intermediates during the further processing of this glycoprotein precursor. Initially, two minor protein species with apparent Mrs of 100,000 and 90,000 were detected along with gp130. At later chase times these two species appeared to migrate as a single dominant species with an Mr of 95,000 (gp95). Concomitant with the appearance of gp95 was another protein with an Mr of approximately 40,000 (gp40). Chase periods of up to 8 h revealed that approximately half of the precursor was processed into the gp95-gp40 complex within 4 h. gp95 was efficiently transported from the cell into the culture medium by 1 to 2 h after labeling, whereas gp40 was not observed to be released from infected CRFK cells. Analysis of the processing in the presence of monensin, castanospermine, and swainsonine also suggests the existence of these intermediates in the processing of this lentivirus glycoprotein. As with human immunodeficiency virus, virus produced in the presence of glucosidase inhibitors and reduced infectivity for T-lymphocyte cultures.
Activation of STAT3 is involved in malignancy mediated by CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling in human breast cancer (2014)

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) play an important role in breast cancer malignancy and metastasis. However, it remains unknown whether STAT3 can be activated by CXCR4 in human breast cancer. The expression levels of CXCR4, STAT3 and p-STAT3 in 208 breast cancer tissues and 26 tumor-adjacent tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry, western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation were used to study activation of STAT3 by CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling in human breast cancer cell lines. The expression levels of CXCR4, STAT3 and p-STAT3 were higher in the breast cancer samples than these levels in the tumor-adjacent samples. The combined expression of CXCR4 and p-STAT3 was correlated with TNM stage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and histological grade of breast cancer. In the breast cancer cells, CXCL12 treatment increased the expression of p-STAT3. The CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 and the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) antagonist AG490 inhibited the CXCL12-induced increase in the phosphorylation of STAT3. Furthermore, CXCL12 promoted direct binding of JAK2 to CXCR4. Our findings suggest that activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway via CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling plays an important role in breast cancer malignancy and metastasis. Targeting the CXCL12-CXCR4/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.