gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geographic co-occurrence as a tool for gir. (2007)

In this paper we describe the development of a geographic co-occurrence model and how it can be applied to geographic information retrieval. The model consists of mining co-occurrences of placenames from Wikipedia, and then mapping these placenames to locations in the Getty Thesaurus of Geographical Names. We begin by quantifying the accuracy of our model and compute theoretical bounds for the accuracy achievable when applied to placename disambiguation in free text. We conclude with a discussion of the improvement such a model could provide for placename disambiguation and geographic relevance ranking over traditional methods.
Effect of loss modeling on optimum operation of wind turbine energy conversion systems (2005)

Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind energy converters system (WECS) with variable speed operation is being used more frequently in the wind turbine application. Variable speed systems have several advantages over the traditional method of operating wind turbines, such as the reduction of mechanical stress and increase in energy capture. To fully exploit the last mentioned advantage, this paper proposes a simple new sensor-less maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control scheme for PMSG WECS and show the optimum operating points of the PMSG for true maximum output power is not necessarily operating at maximum power coefficient (Cp) value. This is to propose a controller with minimal losses as well as optimum power extraction
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilization of Homogeneous Oxidation Catalysts (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Profiling Human Gene Expression with cDNA Microarrays (2001)

As a result of genomics initiatives worldwide, it has become increasingly easy to obtain cDNA clones representing the 3' ends of many human genes. This unit describes methods that allow these clones to be used as hybridization detectors in a highly parallel assay of gene expression. Protocols are provided for preparing cDNA microarrays, extracting RNA from cells of interest and preparing fluorescently labeled cDNA representations of the message pools, and hybridizing the labeled cDNAs to the microarrays.
Toward self-tuning adaptive vibration-based microgenerators (2005)

The rapidly decreasing size, cost, and power consumption of wireless sensors has opened up the relatively new research field of energy harvesting. Recent years have seen an increasing amount of research on using ambient vibrations as a power source. An important feature of all of these generators is that they depend on the resonance frequency of the generator device being matched with the frequency of the input vibrations. The goal of this paper, therefore, is to explore solutions to the problem of self-tuning vibration based energy harvesters. A distinction is made between “active” tuning actuators that must continuously supply power to achieve the resonance frequency change, and “passive” tuning actuators that supply power initially to tune the frequency, and then are able to “turn off” while maintaining the new resonance frequency. This paper analyzes the feasibility of tuning the resonance frequency of vibration based generators with “active” tuning actuators. Actuators that can tune the effective stiffness, mass, and damping are analyzed theoretically. Numerical results based for each type of actuator are presented. It is shown that only actuators that tune the effective damping will result in a net increase in power output, and only under the circumstance that no actuation power is needed to add damping. The net increase in power occurs when the mismatch between driving vibrations the mismatch between driving vibrations the resonance frequency of the device is more than 5%. Finally, the theory and numerical results are validated by experiments done on a piezoelectric generator with a smart material “active” tuning actuator.
[Chemotherapeutically active nitro compounds. 2nd communication: Nitrodiphenyl sulfones (author's transl)]. (1976)

A number of new 4-nitro-4'-amino-diphenyl sulfones and related compounds were prepared and investigated as to their therapeutic activity. They showed a good systemic activity against tubercle bacilli (M. bovis, NMRI mouse) and plasmodia (P. berghei, NMRI mouse). The test results reveal that the 4-nitro-4'-amino-diphenyl sulfones possess a spectrum of activity similar to that of diamino-diphenyl sulfone (DDS). It is assumed that 4-nitro-4'-amino-diphenyl sulfones in vivo are converted into DDS derivatives by reduction. The advantages of the new compounds, however, were too insignificant as compared to DDS to justify further extensive trials.
Intracellular Delivery of Biomolecules by Mechanical Deformation (2016)

Intracellular delivery of macromolecules is a challenge in research and therapeutic applications. Existing vector-based and physical methods have limitations, including their reliance on exogenous materials or electrical fields and their difficulty in translating to primary cells. This chapter describes a microfluidic platform for intracellular delivery in which cells are rapidly deformed as they pass through a constriction. This treatment results in temporary disruption of the cell membrane and enables the diffusion of material from the surrounding buffer into the cytosol. The method has demonstrated the ability to deliver a range of material, such as carbon nanotubes, proteins, nanoparticles, and siRNA, to more than 15 cell types, including embryonic stem cells and immune cells. More effective gene delivery methods, such as viral vectors, often risk chromosomal integration and are limited to DNA and RNA delivery. Membrane poration methods, such as electroporation and sonoporation, are an attractive alternative in some applications.
Mechanisms of Receptor‐Mediated Nuclear Import and Nuclear Export (2005)

Nuclear transport of proteins and RNA occurs through the nuclear pore complex and is mediated by a superfamily of transport receptors known collectively as karyopherins. Karyopherins bind to their cargoes by recognition of specific nuclear localization signals or nuclear export signals. Transport through the nuclear pore complex is facilitated by transient interactions between the karyopherins and the nuclear pore complex. The interactions of karyopherins with their cargoes are regulated by the Ras-related GTPase Ran. Ran is assisted in this process by proteins that regulate its GTPase cycle and subcellular localization. In this review, we describe several of the major transport pathways that are conserved in higher and lower eukaryotes, with particular emphasis on the role of Ran. We highlight the latest advances in the structure and function of transport receptors and discuss recent examples of steroid hormone receptor import and regulation by signal transduction pathways. Understanding the molecular basis of nuclear transport may provide insight into human diseases by revealing how nucleocytoplasmic trafficking regulates protein activity.
A Fine-Grain Parallelizing Compiler (1986)

Percolation Scheduling (PS) is a new technique for compiling programs into parallel code. It attempts to overcome problems that limit the effectiveness and applicability of currently available techniques. PS globally rearranges code past basic block boundaries. Its core is a small set of simple, primitive program transformations defined in terms of adjacent nodes in a program graph. These transformations constitute the lowest level in a system of transformations and guidance rules. Higher levels of this hierarchy control and enhance the applicability of the core transformations and enable us to exploit both fine grained and coarse parallelism. Unlike other, more ad hoc approaches, PS is based on rigorous definitions of the computational model and of the core transformations. The correctness and termination of the transformations is proven here. The completeness of the transformations is also discussed. As a result our system implementation can proceed on a sound basis. In particular, PS enjoys greater adaptability and independence between the levels than would be possible otherwise. This has greatly facilitated the implementation of the first prototype version of our compiler, which is now complete. This paper describes PS in detail. The correctness aspects as well as illustrations of the effectiveness of our techniques are presented. Architectures which may benefit from the use of PS are also discussed.
A novel channel estimation method based on Kalman filter compressed sensing for time-varying OFDM system (2014)

In this paper, we propose a novel pilot-aided channel estimation method for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems where the wireless channel is assumed to be both sparse and time-varying. In the proposed method, we firstly model the time-varying sparse channel as an autoregressive (AR) process. Then, utilizing the time-domain convergence property of Kalman filter, we formulate the channel estimation as an iteration problem. During the iteration, the path delays are estimated through a simple reconstruction algorithm. After the path delays are estimated, the Kalman filter is performed on the path delays to obtain the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimation of the channel impulse response (CIR). Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed channel estimation method. Compared with the conventional compressed sensing (CS) based channel estimators which perform CS at each time separately, the method proposed here enjoys superior performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) and mean square error (MSE).
Protozyme: Emerging Evidence in Nature1 (1994)

The VMA1 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a nested genetic element, the VDE gene, and expresses two functional proteins. A single VMA1 translational product seems to catalyze a self protein splicing in which an internal domain is excised out to produce a site-specific DNA endonuclease and the N- and C-domains are ligated by a transpeptidation reaction to yield a catalytic subunit of the vacuolar ATPase. Accumulating evidence in the past few years suggests that the VMA1 locus encodes a protozyme (for protos en zyme) which has dual roles in life as a protean catalyst for self protein splicing and for self gene homing. Four protozymes that share a common mechanism in protein splicing have been found in four organisms covering three major phylogenic trees.
Fluoroquinolone Action against Mycobacteria: Effects of C-8 Substituents on Growth, Survival, and Resistance (1998)

Fluoroquinolones trap gyrase on DNA as bacteriostatic complexes from which lethal DNA breaks are released. Substituents at the C-8 position increase activities of N-1-cyclopropyl fluoroquinolones against several bacterial species. In the present study, a C-8-methoxyl group improved bacteriostatic action against gyrA (gyrase-resistant) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG. It also enhanced lethal action against gyrase mutants of M. bovis BCG. When cultures of M. smegmatis, M. bovis BCG, and M. tuberculosis were challenged with a C-8-methoxyl fluoroquinolone, no resistant mutant was recovered under conditions in which more than 1, 000 mutants were obtained with a C-8-H control. A C-8-bromo substituent also increased bacteriostatic and lethal activities against a gyrA mutant of M. bovis BCG. When lethal activity was normalized to bacteriostatic activity, the C-8-methoxyl compound was more bactericidal than its C-8-H control, while the C-8-bromo fluoroquinolone was not. The C-8-methoxyl compound was also found to be more effective than the C-8-bromo fluoroquinolone at reducing selection of resistant mutants when each was compared to a C-8-H control over a broad concentration range. These data indicate that a C-8-methoxyl substituent, which facilitates attack of first-step gyrase mutants, may help make fluoroquinolones effective antituberculosis agents.
Photon-number resolving and distribution verification using a multichannel superconducting nanowire single-photon detection system (2014)

Photon-number-resolving (PNR) detection is a prerequisite for many important quantum optics applications. By using a four-channel superconducting nanowire single-photon detection system incorporating the photon multiport network technique, PNR detection of up to four photons was realized. The amplitude of the output pulse is proportional to the detected photon number. Using two channels of the system, the Poisson distribution of photon number in the faint pulsed laser was verified. The theoretical counts of the two-photon response were analyzed as a function of the mean photon number per pulse. The measurement results matched well with the theoretical calculations according to the Poisson distribution.
EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTIONARY DUPLICATION OF GENES IN THE DOPA DECARBOXYLASE REGION OF DROSOPHILA (1986)

The region surrounding the dopa decarboxylase gene (Ddc) of Drosophila contains a cluster of genes, many of which appear to be functionally related by virtue of their effects on cuticle development and/or catecholamine metabolism. In this report we describe evidence that the Ddc gene and the closely linked alpha-methyldopa hypersensitive (amd) gene share extensive sequence homology and are the products of a gene duplication event. The two genes are transcribed convergently and are separated by 2.4 kb. A gene located between Ddc and amd expresses a 2.0-kb mRNA and appears to partially overlap the Ddc gene. The organization of these transcripts implies a complex series of events giving rise to the present pattern. The patterns of expression of these genes do not support a model of coordinate regulation, but are more consistent with a pattern of duplication and divergence to various related metabolic subspecialties. These data provide the first evidence for structural relationships among genes in the 37C cluster.
Claude Gauvard, « De grace especial », Crime, État et Société en France à la fin du Moyen Âge (1993)

Lett Didier. Claude Gauvard, « De grace especial », Crime, État et Société en France à la fin du Moyen Âge. In: Médiévales, n°25, 1993. La voix et l'écriture, sous la direction de Michel Banniard . pp. 150-153.
Wireless health monitoring helmet for football players to diagnose concussion and track fatigue (2013)

Football players are regularly exposed to violent impacts. Concussions are mild traumatic brain injuries that are one of the most common injuries experienced by football players. These concussions are often overlooked by football players themselves and the clinical criteria used to diagnose them. The cumulative effect of these mild traumatic brain injuries can cause long-term residual brain dysfunctions. In addition, an athlete’s fatigue level should be monitored to prevent any secondary injuries due to over exertion. Nitric Oxide acts as a metabolic adjustment factor that controls the flow of oxygen in blood and the contraction/relaxation of muscles. Fatigue can be evaluated by measuring the concentration change of nitric oxide in blood. However, measuring the concentration of nitric oxide in blood is not feasible during exercise. Nevertheless, the degree of fatigue can be measured with SpO2 during exercise because the change of nitric oxide also influences the SpO2. In this paper, we propose a wireless health monitoring helmet to diagnose concussions and evaluate fatigue in real time and on the field. The helmet is equipped with sensors and a transmitter module. As sensors, textile based electrodes are used to sense EEG and oximeter sensors are used to derive SpO2. The sensed physiological signals are amplified and processed in the transmitter module. The processed signals are transmitted to a server using Zigbee wireless communication. The EEG signals are classified to diagnose concussion or any abnormality of brain function. In conclusion, the system can monitor and diagnose concussions and evaluate fatigue in football players in real time by measuring their EEGs and SpO2.
Estrogen Regulation of c-<i>fos</i>Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (1988)

Acute administration of 17 beta-estradiol to immature female rats elicits a rapid and striking increase in the size of the uterus. This increase in size to caused by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the epithelial, stromal, and myometrial cells in the uterus. Previous studies have shown that induction of mRNA for the epidermal growth factor receptor, the cellular homolog of the erb-B oncogene, occurs early during estrogen-stimulated uterine growth. We report here that estradiol causes a very rapid induction of the mRNA for the cellular oncogene c-fos in immature rat uterus. Steady state levels of c-fos mRNA reach a maximum 3 h after 17 beta-estradiol administration and slowly return to low basal levels in 15 h. Dexamethasone, progesterone, and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone had no effect on uterine c-fos mRNA expression. The induction of c-fos mRNA by estrogen was unaffected by the protein synthesis inhibitor puromycin but completely abolished by the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D.
Requirement prioritization decision factors for agile development environments (2008)

In an agile development environment, project planners continuously prioritize work tasks so requirements that provide the most value are delivered first. This strategy is based on Value Based Software Engineering principles that different requirements deliver different levels of value and diverse stakeholders view the importance of the value of various requirements differently and thus, will prioritize them differently. However, we found that there are several core values that stakeholders have more agreement in terms of relevancy and importance than others. By knowing these core values, project planners have increased insights as to which requirements should be prioritized higher, hence, hopefully increasing overall stakeholder satisfaction and reducing project risk.
Direct Observation of High-Frequency Chaos Signals from the Resonant Tunneling Chaos Generator (2004)

The direct observation of the chaos signal patterns in a microwave frequency range was demonstrated on the resonant tunneling chaos generator circuit. It is difficult to observe such high-frequency chaos because one must use a sampling oscilloscope. To overcome this problem, we devised a special circuit controlling the chaos to output identical signals repeatedly. This permits us to observe (seemingly)random patterns. This control scheme may lead to various applications.
Arterialization of the coronary veins in diffuse coronary arteriosclerosis. (1976)

Since the coronary veins and capillaries are not involved with arteriosclerotic disease the authors performed experimental, and afterwards, clinical total and selective coronary vein arterialization. Acute myocardial ischaemia created for instance by ligation of the anterior descending branch, was treated by an internal mammary artery to regional coronary vein anastomosis. In 21 patients the selective arterialization of the "Vena cordis magna" or of "Vena cordis media", and total arterialization of the coronary sinus was performed. The clinical improvement and follow-up studies seem to be promising in the treatment of patients with advanced diffuse heavy coronary arteriosclerosis. In acute myocardial ischaemia with coronarographically localized coronary occlusion, the aim of regional vein arterialization is to minimize the area of infarction.
OCR Accuracy Improvement on Document Images Through a Novel Pre-Processing Approach (2015)

Digital camera and mobile document image acquisition are new trends arising in the world of Optical Character Recognition and text detection. In some cases, such process integrates many distortions and produces poorly scanned text or text-photo images and natural images, leading to an unreliable OCR digitization. In this paper, we present a novel nonparametric and unsupervised method to compensate for undesirable document image distortions aiming to optimally improve OCR accuracy. Our approach relies on a very efficient stack of document image enhancing techniques to recover deformation of the entire document image. First, we propose a local brightness and contrast adjustment method to effectively handle lighting variations and the irregular distribution of image illumination. Second, we use an optimized greyscale conversion algorithm to transform our document image to greyscale level. Third, we sharpen the useful information in the resulting greyscale image using Un-sharp Masking method. Finally, an optimal global binarization approach is used to prepare the final document image to OCR recognition. The proposed approach can significantly improve text detection rate and optical character recognition accuracy. To demonstrate the efficiency of our approach, an exhaustive experimentation on a standard dataset is presented.
Fibronectin-independent adhesion of fibroblasts to extracellular matrix material: Partial characterization of the matrix components (1983)

Fibroblasts can adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) material by fibronectin-dependent (type I) and fibronectin-independent (type II) mechanisms. In this report we investigate the biochemical characteristics of ECM that contribute to type II adhesion. ECM capable of mediating type II adhesions is produced primarily by normal diploid fibroblasts, but not by transformed cells or epithelial cells. Treatment of fibroblast ECM under conditions that result in the removal of most of the ECM lipid or most of the ECM glycosaminoglycan does not impair type II adhesion. Likewise, treatment of the ECM with large amounts of purified collagenase does not block type II adhesion. However, treatment of ECM with low doses of trypsin or with an agent that reacts with tyrosine residues, results in complete ablation of the ability of the ECM to support type II adhesion. On the basis of these observations we suggest that the matrix component(s) mediating type II adhesion are non-collagenous proteins or glycoproteins.
Application of adaptive tracking control to industrial robots (1994)

This paper presents a new adaptive scheme for motion control of robot manipulators. The proposed controller is very general and computationally efficient since it does not require knowledge of either the mathematical model or the parameter values of the robot dynamics, and is implemented without calculation of the robot inverse kinematic transformation. This control strategy is globally stable in the presence of bounded disturbances, and in the absence of disturbances the ultimate bound on the size of the residual tracking errors can be made arbitrarily small. An extensive experimental study has been performed using this controller with a PUMA 560 industrial manipulator. These results confirm that the control scheme provides a simple and effective means of obtaining high performance trajectory tracking.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>