gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in Capacitive, Eddy Current, and Magnetic Displacement Sensors and Corresponding Interfaces (2017)

This paper presents a review of the latest advances in the field of capacitive, inductive (eddy current), and magnetic sensors, for measurement of absolute displacement. The need for accurate displacement and position measurement in the micrometer, nanometer, and subnanometer scales has increased significantly over the last few years. Application examples can be found in high-tech industries, metrology, and space equipment. Besides measuring displacement as a primary quantity, absolute displacement sensors are also used when physical quantities such as pressure, acceleration, vibration, inertia, etc., have to be measured. A better understanding of the commonalities between capacitive, inductive, and magnetic displacement sensors, as well as the main performance differences and limitations, will help one make the best choice for a specific application. This review is based on both theoretical analysis and experimental results. The main performance criteria used are: sensitivity, resolution, compactness, long-term stability, thermal drift, and power efficiency.
The Effects of Ten Phenolic Compounds on Hypocotyl Growth and Mitochondrial Metabolism of Mung Bean (1975)

Ten phenolic compounds were examined for their effect on mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.) hypocotyl growth and on respiration and coupling parameters of isolated mung bean hypocotyl mitochondria. Three compounds—tannic, gentisic, and p-coumaric acids—inhibited hypocotyl growth and when incubated with isolated hypocotyl mitochondria released respiratory control, inhibited respiration, and prevented substrate-supported Ca2+ and PO4 transport. Vanillic acid also inhibited hypocotyl growth and reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake but did not affect respiration or respiratory control of isolated mitochondria. This is the first compound reported to selectively inhibit Ca2+ uptake in plant mitochondria. Two other phenolic compounds—α, 3,5-resorcylic and protocatechuic acids—showed no significant effect on hypocotyl growth and did not affect mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation either separately or in various combinations. Four phenolic compounds—ferulic, caffeic, p-hydroxybenzoic, and syringic acids—showed a significant reduction in mung bean hypocotyl growth but did not inhibit any of the mitochondrial processes examined. The results show that phenolic compounds which alter respiration or coupling responses in isolated mitochondria also inhibit hypocotyl growth and may reflect a mechanism of action for these natural growth inhibitors.
Bakterie siarkowe w rudzie siarkowej z Piaseczna (1965)

SULPHUR BACTERIA IN THE SULPHUR ORE AT PIASECZNO The present paper deals with the problem of isolating the sulphur bacteria from the sulplhur ore of the mine Piaseczno. Work is on this problem have not so far been carried on in Poland. In the hydrogen sulphide water taken from the well 301 C (depth 80 m, the author found sulphur bacteria of the genus Beggiatoa , and from the waiter taken in the well 3 P 2 , mine Piaseczno, she isolated thready sulphur bacteria. A biological analysis of the mine hydrogen sulphide water has indicated the existence of a specific plankton, what may be of great interest for planktoners. Moreover, it was found that besides sulphur bacteria there exist on the sulphur ore also other microorganisms, fex. algae and fungi (moulds and yeasts). The author has cultivated a new species of Penicillum containing sulphur in thread sand and in its conidial cells. The results of the present work are given in the final conclusions of the paper.
On the Cyclic Variability and Sources of Unburned Hydrocarbon Emissions in Low Temperature Diesel Combustion Systems (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The cycle-to-cycle variability and potential sources of unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions are examined in a single-cylinder, light-duty diesel test engine operating in low-temperature combustion regimes. A fast flame ionization detector (FID) was employed to examine both cycle-to-cycle variations in UHC emissions and intra-cycle emissions behavior. A standard suite of emissions measurements, including CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>, and soot, was also obtained. Measurements were made spanning a broad range of intake O<sub>2</sub> concentrations-to examine the UHC behavior of dilution-controlled combustion regimes-and spanning a broad range of injection timings-to clarify the behavior of increased UHC emissions in late-injection combustion regimes. Both low- and moderate-loads were investigated.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The cycle-resolved UHC data showed that the coefficient of variation of single-cycle UHC did not increase with increases in UHC emissions as either O<sub>2</sub> concentration or injection timing was varied. Increases in UHC emissions thus result from deterioration in the performance of the mean (or typical) cycle, not from increasing single-cycle variation. Additionally, the crank-angle-resolved UHC measurements were coupled with a 1-D engine model to examine the variation of exhaust mass flow rate of UHC within each cycle. The results showed that most of the UHC mass exited the cylinder during the latter part of the exhaust process, and that UHCs originating from cylinder wall and piston top quench layers are likely of greater importance than UHCs emitted from quench layers along the head.</div>
Monitoring of intraoperative motor evoked potentials to increase the safety of surgery in and around the motor cortex (2001)

Improved surgical safety can be achieved using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring procedures. Repetitive stimulation of the motor cortex proved to be a reliable method for monitoring subcortical motor pathways. Changes in MEP latency and MEP amplitude served as warning criteria during surgery and possessed prognostic value.
REVIEWS La Découverte de nouveaux mondes: Aventure et voyages imaginaires au XVII <sup>e</sup> siècle. Actes du XXII <sup>e</sup> Colloque du Centre Méridional de Rencontres sur le XVII <sup>e</sup> siècle (Gênes 23–25 janvier 1992). Recueillis et présentés par RIZZACECILIA. Università di Genova, Dipartimento di lingue e letterature straniere moderne, sezione di francesistica. Fasano, Schena, 1993. 391 pp. Pb 40,000 Lire. (1995)

REVIEWS Get access La Découverte de nouveaux mondes: Aventure et voyages imaginaires au XVIIe siècle. Actes du XXIIe Colloque du Centre Méridional de Rencontres sur le XVIIe siècle (Gênes 23–25 janvier 1992). Recueillis et présentés par CECILIA RIZZA. Università di Genova, Dipartimento di lingue e letterature straniere moderne, sezione di francesistica. Fasano, Schena, 1993. 391 pp. Pb 40,000 Lire. WES WILLIAMS WES WILLIAMS NEW COLLEGEOXFORD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XLIX, Issue 4, October 1995, Pages 449–450, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XLIX.4.449 Published: 01 October 1995
Parallel crawling for online social networks (2007)

Given a huge online social network, how do we retrieve information from it through crawling? Even better, how do we improve the crawling performance by using parallel crawlers that work independently? In this paper, we present the framework of parallel crawlers for online social networks, utilizing a centralized queue. To show how this works in practice, we describe our implementation of the crawlers for an online auction website. The crawlers work independently, therefore the failing of one crawler does not affect the others at all. The framework ensures that no redundant crawling would occur. Using the crawlers that we built, we visited a total of approximately 11 million auction users, about 66,000 of which were completely crawled.
ADHERENCE TO BALANCE TOLERANCE LIMITS AT THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI SCIENCE CENTER, LA CROSSE, WISCONSIN (1998)

Verification of balance accuracy entails applying a series of standard masses to a balance prior to use and recording the measured values. The recorded values for each standard should have lower and upper weight limits or tolerances that are accepted as verification of balance accuracy under normal operating conditions. Balance logbooks for seven analytical balances at the Upper Mississippi Science Center were checked over a 3.5-year period to determine if the recorded weights were within the established tolerance limits. A total of 9435 measurements were checked. There were 14 instances in which the balance malfunctioned and operators recorded a rationale in the balance logbook. Sixty-three recording errors were found. Twenty-eight operators were responsible for two types of recording errors: Measurements of weights were recorded outside of the tolerance limit but not acknowledged as an error by the operator (n = 40); and measurements were recorded with the wrong number of decimal places (n = 23). The adherence rate for following tolerance limits was 99.3%. To ensure the continued adherence to tolerance limits, the quality-assurance unit revised standard operating procedures to require more frequent review of balance logbooks.
The development of a comprehensive flood prevention strategy for Hong Kong (2006)

Abstract During the rainy season, flooding can occur in Hong Kong not only over floodplains in the rural areas but also at the older parts of the urban areas. A comprehensive flood prevention strategy has been progressively developed through a series of strategy studies in which considerations were given to the prevailing flooding problems, catchment topography and hydrology, long‐term development needs, socio‐economic conditions, management issues, and legal constraints. The primary component of the adopted strategy in Hong Kong is a set of flood protection standards for the planning and design of stormwater drainage systems. With these standards being set as targets, there are various structural measures for long‐term improvements, non‐structural measures as short‐term provisions, and planned preventive approaches of maintenance. Other non‐structural components include management and administrative measures such as land use planning and control, legislation, warning systems and hazard management plans. Apart from typical river training and on‐line capacity improvement, dedicated options including flood pumping schemes to protect building groups located on rural floodplains, and stormwater diversion and retention to minimize excavation works in densely populated urban areas have also been developed to suit the specific local conditions. In this paper, the various phases of development of the flood prevention strategy are presented. The staged implementation of the strategy and the achievements secured are also discussed. Technical details about the various flood control strategy studies and the dedicated drainage improvement options are also given. With the comprehensive flood prevention strategy in place, there is no doubt that the drainage system in Hong Kong is being planned to meet the future demands and that the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) is well on its way to providing adequate flood protection level and supporting sustainable development for the benefits of the community.
ANODIC-BORE ION LASER TUBE (1968)

Ion laser plasma tubes have been designed and tested in which the major cause of deterioration is eliminated and laser efficiency is improved. Ion bombardment of the walls of the discharge bore is eliminated by electrical means. The walls of the discharge bore are maintained at a positive potential with respect to the laser plasma.
A Taxonomy of Collaboration in Online Information Seeking (2009)

People can help other people find information in networked information seeking environments. Recently, many such systems and algorithms have proliferated in industry and in academia. Unfortunately, it is difficult to compare the systems in meaningful ways because they often define collaboration in different ways. In this paper, we propose a model of possible kinds of collaboration, and illustrate it with examples from literature. The model contains four dimensions: intent, depth, concurrency and location. This model can be used to classify existing systems and to suggest possible opportunities for design in this space.
Selective Replacement of Adsorbed Alkanethiols in Phase-Separated Binary Self-Assembled Monolayers by Electrochemical Partial Desorption (1997)

A new method for preparing phase-separated binary self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols on gold is proposed. Binary SAMs of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and hexadecanethiol (HDT) at various mixing ratios which exhibit phase separation in nanometer scale are used as starting substrates. Because the MPA domains in the binary SAMs have a less negative desorption potential, they can be selectively removed by controlling the potential of gold substrates in 0.5 M KOH. Other alkanethiols with various chain lengths and terminal groups can subsequently be adsorbed where MPA was originally adsorbed, resulting in phase-separated binary SAMs with different combinations of alkanethiols.
Short Text Classification: A Survey (2014)

With the recent explosive growth of e-commerce and online communication, a new genre of text, short text, has been extensively applied in many areas. So many researches focus on short text mining. It is a challenge to classify the short text owing to its natural characters, such as sparseness, large-scale, immediacy, non-standardization. It is difficult for traditional methods to deal with short text classification mainly because too limited words in short text cannot represent the feature space and the relationship between words and documents. Several researches and reviews on text classification are shown in recent times. However, only a few of researches focus on short text classification. This paper discusses the characters of short text and the difficulty of short text classification. Then we introduce the existing popular works on short text classifiers and models, including short text classification using sematic analysis, semi-supervised short text classification, ensemble short text classification, and real-time classification. The evaluations of short text classification are analyzed in our paper. Finally we summarize the existing classification technology and prospect for development trend of short text classification.
Adaptive broadcast protocols to support power conservant retrieval by mobile users (2002)

Mobile computing has the potential for managing information globally. Data management issues in mobile computing have received some attention in recent times, and the design of adaptive broadcast protocols has been posed as an important problem. Such protocols are employed by database servers to decide on the content of broadcasts dynamically, in response to client mobility and demand patterns. In this paper we design such protocols and also propose efficient retrieval strategies that may be employed by clients to download information from broadcasts. The goal is to design cooperative strategies between server and client to provide access to information in such a way as to minimize energy expenditure by clients. We evaluate the performance of our protocols analytically.
A TCR Transgenic Mouse Reactive with Multiple Systemic Dimorphic Fungi (2011)

Dimorphic fungi collectively account for 5-10 million new infections annually worldwide. Ongoing efforts seek to clarify mechanisms of cellular resistance to these agents and develop vaccines. A major limitation in studying the development of protective T cells in this group of organisms is the lack of tools to detect, enumerate, and characterize fungus-specific T cells during vaccination and infection. We generated a TCR transgenic mouse (Bd 1807) whose CD4(+) T cells respond to a native epitope in Blastomyces dermatitidis and also in Histoplasma capsulatum. In this study, we characterize the mouse, reveal its applications, and extend our analysis showing that 1807 cells also respond to the related dimorphic fungi Coccidioides posadasii and Paracoccidioides lutzii. On adoptive transfer into vaccinated wild-type mice, 1807 cells become activated, proliferate, and expand in the draining lymph nodes, and they differentiate into T1 effectors after trafficking to the lung upon lethal experimental challenge. Bd 1807 cells confer vaccine-induced resistance against B. dermatitidis, H. capsulatum, and C. posadasii. Transfer of naive 1807 cells at serial intervals postvaccination uncovered the prolonged duration of fungal Ag presentation. Using 1807 cells, we also found that the administration of vaccine only once induced a maximal pool of effector/memory CD4(+) cells and protective immunity by 4 wk after vaccination. The autologous adoptive transfer system described in this study reveals novel features of antifungal immunity and offers a powerful approach to study the differentiation of Ag-specific T cells responsive to multiple dimorphic fungi and the development of CD4(+) T cell memory needed to protect against fungal infection.
Functional and Structural Alterations in the Cingulate Motor Area Relate to Decreased Fronto-Striatal Coupling in Major Depressive Disorder with Psychomotor Disturbances (2014)

Psychomotor disturbances are a classic feature of major depressive disorders. These can manifest as lack of facial expressions and decreased speech production, reduced body posture and mobility, and slowed voluntary movement. The neural correlates of psychomotor disturbances in depression are poorly understood but it has been suggested that outputs from the cingulate motor area (CMA) to striatal motor regions, including the putamen, could be involved. We used functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging to conduct a region-of-interest analysis to test the hypotheses that neural activation patterns related to motor production and gray matter volumes in the CMA would be different between depressed subjects displaying psychomotor disturbances (n = 13) and matched healthy controls (n = 13). In addition, we conducted a psychophysiological interaction analysis to assess the functional coupling related to self-paced finger-tapping between the caudal CMA and the posterior putamen in patients compared to controls. We found a cluster of increased neural activation, adjacent to a cluster of decreased gray matter volume in the caudal CMA in patients compared to controls. The functional coupling between the left caudal CMA and the left putamen during finger-tapping task performance was additionally decreased in patients compared to controls. In addition, the strength of the functional coupling between the left caudal CMA and the left putamen was negatively correlated with the severity of psychomotor disturbances in the patient group. In conclusion, we found converging evidence for involvement of the caudal CMA and putamen in the generation of psychomotor disturbances in depression.
Dictionary of mathematics (2000)

A new and revised edition, in a new livery of the most comprehensive single-volume dictionary available on mathematics. With over 9000 definitions and 400 diagrams, this is the one dictionary of mathematics any student of the subject will ever need.
DEADLINE NEARS FOR AVIATION FUNDING BILL (1999)

Congress has until August 6, 1999, to complete work on competing bills to reauthorize the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Aviation Trust Fund, the latter established in 1982 to finance improvements to the nation's airports. Currently, the Airport Improvement Program (AIP) and the Aviation Trust Fund are funded through the following taxes on aviation users: an 8% passenger ticket tax, a $2 passenger flight segment fee, a 6.25% freight waybill tax, $12 international departure and arrival taxes, a 7.5% tax on frequent-flier awards, and aviation fuel taxes. The FAA reports that during fiscal years 1982-1996, the AIP money was spent as follows: 52.76% for runways, taxiways, and aprons; 11.2% on noise control projects; 7.82% for land purchases; 6.03% on safety and security; 5.2% on buildings; 4.78% on airport roads; and the remainder on such miscellaneous projects as lighting and planning. New breakdowns will come after the FAA receives new funding, but it is widely presumed that the breakdown will be roughly the same in future years, but from a larger pot of money.
Networks adjusting networks (1990)

This paper describes extensions of previous `adaptive critics&apos; which have been onedimensional, acyclic, and suited only for feed-forward controllers. The extensions address the following issues: 1. Feed-forward adaptive critics for fully recurrent probabilistic control nets. 2. Recurrent adaptive critics. 3. Vector-valued adaptive critics based on a system identification component. Furthermore an idea is described for approximating recurrent back propagation with a 3-network method which is local in time. In one experiment a linear adaptive critic adjusts a recurrent network such that it solves a non-linear task (a `delayed XOR&apos;-problem). In another experiment a four-dimensional adaptive critic quickly learns to solve a complicated pole balancing task. Introduction Note: This is the revised and expanded version of an earlier report from February 1990. Reinforcement learning can be applied in cases for which supervised learning is not designed, namely, when there is no well-informed i...
Metabolic fate of radiolabeled prostaglandin D2 in a normal human male volunteer. (1985)

50 microCi of [3H]prostaglandin D2 tracer (100 Ci/mmol) was infused intravenously into a normal human male volunteer. 75% of the infused radioactivity was excreted into the urine within 5 h. This urine was added to urine obtained from two mastocytosis patients with marked overproduction of prostaglandin D2. Radiolabeled prostaglandin D2 urinary metabolites were chromatographically isolated and purified and subsequently identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 25 metabolites were identified. 23 of these compounds comprising 37% of the recovered radioactivity had prostaglandin F-ring structures, and only two metabolites comprising 2.7% of the recovered radioactivity retained the prostaglandin D-ring structure. The single most abundant metabolite identified was 9,11-dihydroxy-15-oxo-2,3,18,19-tetranorprost-5-ene-1,20-dioic acid which was isolated in a tricyclic form as a result of formation of a lower side chain hemiketal followed by lactonization of the terminal carboxyl and the hemiketal hydroxyl. Different isomeric forms of several prostaglandin F-ring metabolites were identified. An isomer of prostaglandin F2 alpha was also excreted intact into the urine as a metabolite of prostaglandin D2. 15 PGF-ring compounds were treated with n-butylboronic acid and 13 failed to form a boronate derivative, suggesting that the orientation of the hydroxyl group at C-11 in these 13 metabolites is beta. This study documents that prostaglandin D2 is metabolized to prostaglandin F-ring metabolites in vivo in humans. These results also bring into question the accuracy of quantifying prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolites as a specific index of endogenous prostaglandin F2 alpha biosynthesis, as well as quantifying urinary prostaglandin F2 alpha as an accurate index of renal production of prostaglandin F2 alpha.
A Genomic Predictor of Response and Survival Following Taxane-Anthracycline Chemotherapy for Invasive Breast Cancer (2011)

A genomic predictor combining ER status, predicted chemoresistance, predicted chemosensitivity, and predicted endocrine sensitivity identified patients with high probability of survival following taxane and anthracycline chemotherapy.
英国可持续排水（SuDs）与透水路面的关系 (2015)

John Howe先生是英国土木工程师学会和澳大利亚土木工程师学会的注册工程师．在澳大利亚凯恩斯机场、香港新机场和深圳盐田港工程建设时期．曾担任建设方在混凝土路面砖路面工程的技术总监；并亲手创建英国混凝土路面砖协会，参与英国混凝土路面砖产品领域相关产品标；住、设计施工规程的制定.John Howe先生还是“国际小型混凝土预制构件委员会（SEPT）”成员、2012年11月在上海召开“第十届国际混凝土路面砖大会”期间．中国建筑砌块协会曾特别邀请他．组织举办了一场“英国可持续排水（SuDs）与透水路面”的公开讲座一考虑到目前我国“海绵城市建设”工程缺乏必要的技术支撑．本刊编辑部特将IohnHowe先生当时的演讲内容，编辑整理加工成“英国可持续排水（Suds）与透水路面的关系”和“英国缝隙透水混凝土路面砖路面设计与施工方法概要”两篇文章进行连载（本期和下期）．供广大读者借鉴、季成云先生和沈玉露女士为编辑整理这两篇文章．提供了翻译、记录的素材、