gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Intensity Training (2004)

The HIT Advantage Chapter 1. Brief History of Strength Training Chapter 2. The HIT Perfect Rep Chapter 3. Genetic Factors Chapter 4. Overload Process and Maximizing Strength Potential Chapter 5. Periodization Plan for the HIT Program Chapter 6. Ergogenic Aids that Improve Strength Chapter 7. Building the HIT Workouts Chapter 8. Sports Specific Strength Training Programming Chapter 9. Breaking Through Strength Plateaus
Integrated DC SQUID magnetometer with high dV/dB (1991)

A directly coupled DC SQUID magnetometer with very simple feedback electronics is presented. The magnetometer has been integrated on a 7.2*7.2 mm/sup 2/ chip and fabricated using a four-level Nb/Si/sub x/N/sub y//Nb process. Eight pickup loops are connected in parallel to directly form the SQUID inductance of about 0.4 nH which leads to a high sensitivity B/ Phi =0.47 nT/ Phi /sub 0/. An additional positive feedback (APF) circuit on the magnetometer chip has been used to increase the gradient of the V- Phi characteristic to dV/d Phi approximately=300 mu V/ Phi /sub 0/ at the SQUID operating point. The resulting gradient of the transfer function dV/dB approximately=640 mu V/nT makes it possible to directly readout the SQUID without helium-temperature impedance matching circuits or flux modulation techniques. Using a highly simplified feedback electronics consisting of an ultra-low-noise bipolar preamplifier and an integrator on a 10-cm/sup 2/ PC board, a white noise level below 3 fT/ square root Hz with a 1/f corner frequency around 3 Hz, a 3-dB bandwidth of about 40 kHz, and a maximum feedback range of +or-32 nT for frequencies up to 300 Hz have been measured.
Genome-wide characterization of microRNA in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) (2013)

We predicted, for the first time, 215 miRNAs and 447 miRNA targets in foxtail millet at a genome-wide level. The precursors, expression levels, miRNA* sequences, target functions, conservation, and evolution of miRNAs we identified were investigated. Some of the novel foxtail millet miRNAs and miRNA targets were validated experimentally.
Healing of Duodenal Ulcers Is Not Impaired by Indomethacin or Rofecoxib, the Selective COX-2 Inhibitor, in Rats (2002)

These results suggest that COX-2/PG is actively involved in the healing of gastric but not duodenal ulcers, although the mRNA for COX-2 is expressed in the duodenal mucosa after ulceration, as potently as in the gastric mucosa. In contrast, NO produced by both cNOS and iNOS plays a role in the healing of both gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Plant–microbe interactions: identification of epiphytic bacteria and their ability to alter leaf surface permeability (2005)

Bacteria were either isolated from leaf surfaces of Hedera helix or obtained from a culture collection in order to analyse their effect on barrier properties of isolated Hedera and Prunus laurocerasus cuticles. On the basis of the 16S rDNA sequences the genera of the six bacterial isolates from Hedera were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas sp. and Achromobacter. Water permeability of cuticles isolated from H. helix was measured before and after inoculation with the six bacterial strains. In addition water permeability of cuticles isolated from P. laurocerasus was measured before and after inoculation with the three bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xanthomonas campestris and Corynebacterium fascians. Rates of water diffusing across isolated cuticles of both species significantly increased by up to 50% after inoculation with all bacterial strains. Obtained results show that epiphytic bacteria have the ability of increasing water permeability of Hedera and Prunus cuticles, which in turn should increase the availability of water and dissolved compounds in the phyllopshere. Consequently, living conditions in the habitat phyllosphere are improved. It can be concluded that the ability to change leaf surface properties will improve epiphytic fitness of leaf surface bacteria.
Taming the temperamental metal transformation (2015)

An alloy can undergo millions of cycles of shape changes in response to stress jumps [Also see Report by Chluba et al. ]
Typed cross-module compilation (1998)

Higher-order modules are very effective in structuring large programs and defining generic, reusable software components. Unfortunately, many compilation techniques for the core languages do not work across the module boundaries. As a result, few optimizing compilers support these module facilities well.This paper exploits the semantic property of ML-style modules to support efficient cross-module compilation. More specifically, we present a type-directed translation of the MacQueen-Tofte higher-order modules into a predicative variant of the polymorphic λ-calculus Fω. Because modules can be compiled in the same way as ordinary polymorphic functions, standard type-based optimizations such as representation analysis immediately carry over to the module languages.We further show that the full-transparency property of the MacQueen-Tofte system yields a near optimal cross-module compilation framework. By propagating various static information through the module boundaries, many static program analyses for the core languages can be extended to work across higher-order modules.
Transient Method Implemented Under Unsteady-State conditions For Low and Very Low Permeability Measurements on Cuttings (1998)

Abstract This paper reports a complete description of a device, a numerical method and of a new experimental procedure that allows direct measurements of low and very low permeability on cuttings (small fragments of rock, down to 1–2 mm in diameter). The results show the determination of shale permeability even in the order of few nanodarcies. This technique is included in a complete package of standard' measurements on cuttings (sonic, rock strength, porosity) and in particular it extends the range of permeability measurements, technique already developed for reservoir cuttings and presented elsewhere. Thanks to this technique it is now possible to obtain, while drilling, a complete permeability log' of rock formation even for very low values. Traditionally, permeability can be determined on cores by a steady state flow rate measurement. To measure a permeability from 0.1 mD to 1 nD (=10-9 darcies) the pulse decay technique can be used. This technique is a transient method and it is implemented under unsteady-state conditions. In a rock saturated with fluid, diffusion of a pressure gradient is much faster than the steady state flow of fluid itself. The transient method is essentially a measurement of the pressure gradient diffusion and it is applicable even for very low permeable materials. The technique applied to cuttings is described in this paper. Some limits are intrinsic in this technology: the measurement is feasible only if cuttings have at least few mm in diameters; no discrimination is possible from a cutting's measurement in order of directionality (horizontal or vertical permeability); only matrix permeability is revealed from this measurement as no fracture permeability is detectable from the sole measurement on cuttings. A new experimental apparatus is developed to run the tests, even at the rig site. Field results are presented and discussed along with the numerical methods to calculate permeability values from unsteady-state tests in the transient method. From a rock mechanics perspective one application of the permeability log while drilling in shale formations is the calibration of wellbore stability models. Permeability is one of the key parameters which governs pore fluids re-equilibrium while and after drilling and definitely affects the time related instabilities. Using this technique in the laboratory, along with other measurements on cuttings representative of field situations, improves shale-fluid interactions evaluation, aiming at optimising mud selection. P. 33
Pathogenicity Island 2 Mutants of<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>Are Efficient Carriers for Heterologous Antigens and Enable Modulation of Immune Responses (1999)

ABSTRACT The potential use as vaccine delivery system of Salmonella typhimurium strains harboring defined mutations in the sseC (HH104) and sseD (MvP101) genes, which encode putative effector proteins of the type III secretion system of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2, was evaluated and compared with that of the well-characterized aroA mutant strain SL7207 by using β-galactosidase (β-Gal) as a model antigen. When orally administered to immune-competent or gamma interferon-deficient (IFN-γ −/− ) BALB/c mice, both mutants were found to be highly attenuated (50% lethal dose, >10 9 bacteria). Both strains were also able to efficiently colonize and persist in Peyer’s patches. Immunization with HH104 and MvP101 triggered β-Gal-specific serum and mucosal antibody responses equivalent to or stronger than those observed in SL7207-immunized mice. Although immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) serum antibodies were dominant in all groups, IgG1 was also significantly increased in mice vaccinated with MvP101 and SL7207. Comparable β-Gal-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were detected in intestinal lavages from mice immunized with the different strains. Antigen-specific CD4 + T-helper cells were generated after vaccination with all vaccine prototypes; however, responses were significantly more efficient when HH104 and MvP101 were used ( P < 0.05). Significantly higher levels of IFN-γ were produced by restimulated spleen cells from mice immunized with HH104 than from those vaccinated with the MvP101 or SL7207 derivatives ( P ≤ 0.05). Interestingly, the three strains induced major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CD8 + cytotoxic T cells against β-Gal; however, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses were significantly stronger after immunization with HH104 ( P < 0.05). These novel S. typhimurium attenuated strains constitute promising delivery systems for vaccine antigens. The qualitative differences observed in the obtained responses with different carriers may be useful for those applications in which a targeted immunomodulation is required.
Acoustic Self-calibrating System for Indoor Smartphone Tracking (ASSIST) (2012)

In this paper, we present a novel smartphone indoor localization system. The smartphone user is localized with small effort, affordable equipment and with high accuracy in indoor areas. The system uses commercially available smartphones generating high pitched acoustic chirp signals beyond the audible range. The chirp signals are received by sound receivers which identify the specific sound produced from each smartphone. The receivers are connected to a WiFi network, such that they synchronize their clocks and exchange the time differences of arrival (TDoA) of the received chirps. In this way, using an iterative multilateration algorithm, the location of the smartphones can be calculated and the receiver positions are calibrated automatically. For generating the specific sound signals from the smartphone and for user navigation an Android software application was developed. The user interface is simple and is invoked by starting the software application, which automatically connects to a server and receives an ID using the internet connection of the smartphone. Furthermore, the user is assigned specific parameters, such that several devices can be distinguished by the appearance of the chirps. The position of the user is displayed on the smartphone in context of the environment, with a map and surrounding items. In the presented work we have verified our system in a real-world scenario. We compared our trajectory of a pedestrian carrying smartphone to the reference positions. We could locate the smartphones with error margin of 30 cm. a centimeter margin of error.
Hierarchical triangulation for multiresolution surface description (1995)

A new hierarchical triangle-based model for representing surfaces over sampled data is proposed, which is based on the subdivision of the surface domain into nested triangulations, called a hierarchical triangulation (HT) . The model allows compression of spatial data and representation of a surface at successively finer degrees of resolution. An HT is a collection of triangulations organized in a tree, where each node, except for the root, is a triangulation refining a face belonging to its parent in the hierarchy. We present a topological model for representing an HT, and algorithms for its construction and for the extraction of a triangulation at a given degree of resolution. The surface model, called a hierarchical triangulated surface (HTS) is obtained by associating data values with the vertices of triangles, and by defining suitable functions that describe the surface over each triangular patch. We consider an application of a piecewise-linear version of the HTS to interpolate topographical data, and we describe a specialized version of the construction algorithm that builds an HTS for a terrain starting from a high-resolution rectangular grid of sampled data. Finally, we present an algorithm for extracting representations of terrain at variable resolution over the domain.
Amplification of rRNA for assessment of treatment response of pulmonary tuberculosis patients during antimicrobial therapy (1996)

The time course of persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as measured by detection of rRNA, acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear, and culture was determined for pulmonary tuberculosis patients during antimicrobial therapy. Twenty-three patients who were initially AFB smear positive and who subsequently completed a course of antimicrobial therapy were selected for the study. Sequential specimens were tested by AFB smear, culture, and rRNA amplification (Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test [MTD]). The initial diagnostic specimens of all patients were positive by culture; those of 22 patients (96%) also were positive by MTD. Overall, MTD results remained positive longer than both smear and culture results. The median times to the last positive test result were 9 days for AFB smear, 26 days for culture, and 30 days for MTD. The last positive test result was the AFB smear result in 4% of cases, the culture result in 22%, and the MTD result in 52%. Fifty-six percent of patients had a period of shedding of noncultivable M. tuberculosis which was detected by MTD after culture results had converted to negative. This noncultivable period lasted 7 to 245 days. All three tests became reproducibly negative before the end of therapy and remained negative during follow-up for up to 1 year. These results indicate that during successful antimicrobial therapy, M. tuberculosis is eliminated in sputum samples as measured by amplification of rRNA, as well as by AFB smear and culture. No long-term rRNA carrier state was detected. While the time course of clearance of M. tuberculosis measured by rRNA overall was longer than with the two traditional tests, the rRNA test results allow sensitive and precise measurement of the clearance of noncultivable M. tuberculosis from respiratory specimens. This attribute may allow rRNA testing to be useful in clarifying patient response to antimicrobial therapy.
PICav: Precise, Iterative, and Complement-Based Cloud Storage Availability Calculation Scheme (2014)

Cloud storage controllers combine multiple heterogeneous storage services into a unified virtual storage area for users. The overall storage quality depends on all the individual service qualities as well as on the controller's ability to mitigate quality issues, for instance with caches and proper scheduling to improve the availability of data. Given a set of storage services with an estimated capacity and average availability for each, the problem arises how to distribute the data and which amount of redundancy needs to be generated in order to maintain a certain overall availability. There are few previous algorithm proposals for this computationally hard problem which produce high transmission overhead and imprecise results. We present a novel algorithm which minimises the overhead and achieves exact values in short time. Furthermore, our algorithm takes storage service interdependencies into account. We validate our claims with synthetic failure distributions and real traces from three cloud services.
ASMs in Service Oriented Architectures. (2008)

Abstract. In this presentation we will report on a number of projects where we have successfully applied the ASM methodology to provide abstract models for a number of problems that are commonly found in Service Oriented Architectures (SOAs). In particular, we will provide solutions for the following topics: (1) service behaviour mediation, (2) service discovery, and (3) service composition. Introduction. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) serve as an architectural blueprint for designing flexible information systems. SOAs are built from autonomous functional entities, services, which inter-operate through well-defined, message-based interfaces that abstract from both programming languages and implementation platforms.
Concomitant inhibition of oxidative stress and angiogenesis by chronic hydrogen‐rich saline and <scp>N</scp>‐acetylcysteine treatments improves systemic, splanchnic and hepatic hemodynamics of cirrhotic rats (2014)

Both hydrogen-rich saline and N-acetylcysteine alleviate portal hypertension, the severity of portosystemic collaterals, mesenteric angiogenesis, hepatic endothelial dysfunction and intrahepatic resistance in cirrhotic rats. N-Acetylcysteine and the new antioxidant, hydrogen-rich saline are potential treatments for the complications of cirrhosis.
Band offsets between ZnGeN<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>, GaN, ZnO, and ZnSnN<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>and their potential impact for solar cells (2013)

The band offsets between the Zn-IV-N${}_{2}$ nitrides, ZnGeN${}_{2}$ and ZnSnN${}_{2}$, and two other closely lattice matched semiconductors, ZnO and GaN, are calculated using density functional theory calculations including quasiparticle corrections. The interface dependence as well as the role of strain are investigated. A staggered type-II alignment is found between ZnGeN${}_{2}$, GaN, and ZnO, with ZnO having the lower and ZnGeN${}_{2}$ having the higher valence band maximum. The potential benefits of this alignment for photovoltaic applications are pointed out.
andFISHof fetal nucleated erythrocytes isolated bynegative magnetic cell sorting (1993)

Fetalnucleated cells inthematernalcirculation constitute a potential sourceof cells forthenon-invasive prenatal diagnosis offetal genetic abnormalities. We haveinvestigated theuseoftheMagnetic ActivatedCellSorter(MACS) for enriching fetalnucleated erythrocytes. Mousemonoclonal antibodies specific for CD45andCD32wereusedtodeplete leucocytesfrom maternalbloodusing MACS sorting, thusenriching forfetal nucleated erythrocytes whichdonotexpresseither oftheseantigens. However, significant maternalcontamination was presentevenafterMACS enrichment preventing theaccurate analysis offetal cellsbyinterphase fluorescence insitu hybridisation (FISH). To overcomethis problem, we usedsimultaneous immunophenotyping ofcellswiththemouse antifetal haemoglobin antibody, UCHy, combinedwithFISHanalysis usingchromosome X andY specific DNA probes. Thisapproachenablesselective FISH analysis offetal cells withinanexcessof maternalcells. Furthermore, we have confirmed thepotential ofthemethod forclinical practice byapilot prospective studyoffetal sexinwomen referred for amniocentesis between13and17weeksof gestation.MedGenzet 1993;30:1051-6)
The Origins of Lactase Persistence in Europe (2009)

Lactase persistence (LP) is common among people of European ancestry, but with the exception of some African, Middle Eastern and southern Asian groups, is rare or absent elsewhere in the world. Lactase gene haplotype conservation around a polymorphism strongly associated with LP in Europeans (-13,910 C/T) indicates that the derived allele is recent in origin and has been subject to strong positive selection. Furthermore, ancient DNA work has shown that the--13,910*T (derived) allele was very rare or absent in early Neolithic central Europeans. It is unlikely that LP would provide a selective advantage without a supply of fresh milk, and this has lead to a gene-culture coevolutionary model where lactase persistence is only favoured in cultures practicing dairying, and dairying is more favoured in lactase persistent populations. We have developed a flexible demic computer simulation model to explore the spread of lactase persistence, dairying, other subsistence practices and unlinked genetic markers in Europe and western Asia's geographic space. Using data on--13,910*T allele frequency and farming arrival dates across Europe, and approximate Bayesian computation to estimate parameters of interest, we infer that the--13,910*T allele first underwent selection among dairying farmers around 7,500 years ago in a region between the central Balkans and central Europe, possibly in association with the dissemination of the Neolithic Linearbandkeramik culture over Central Europe. Furthermore, our results suggest that natural selection favouring a lactase persistence allele was not higher in northern latitudes through an increased requirement for dietary vitamin D. Our results provide a coherent and spatially explicit picture of the coevolution of lactase persistence and dairying in Europe.
Miniature spectrometers for planetary remote sensing (2004)

Tight resource allocations are a driving concern for interplanetary remote sensing instruments. Through ongoing development work on Earth-orbiting sensor instruments EMS Space Science has developed the expertise to build extremely efficient and compact spectrometers for multiple planetary applications. We compare the Superiority of high resolution spectrometer technologies and discuss the improvements associated with field-widening. We present new concepts for high-performance miniature planetary spectrometers: rugged monolithic wide-field imaging tunable filters, Michelsons, and spatial heterodyne spectrometers for atmospheric and ground-based applications. Performance and resource estimates are provided for each system concept.
Chemoselective Phototransformation of CH Bonds on a Polymer Surface through a Photoinduced Cerium Recycling Redox Reaction (2014)

It is generally accepted that Ce(4+) is unable to directly oxidize unreactive alkyl C-H bonds without the assistance of adjacent polar groups. Herein, we demonstrate in our newly developed confined photochemical reaction system that this recognized issue may be challenged. As we found, when a thin layer of a CeCl(3)/HCl aqueous solution was applied to a polymeric substrate and the substrate subjected to UV irradiation, Ce(3+) was first photooxidized to form Ce(4+) in the presence of H(+), and the in situ formed Ce(4+) then performs an oxidation reaction on the C-H bonds of the polymer surface to form surface-carbon radicals for radical graft polymerization reactions and functional-group transformations, while reducing to Ce(3+) and releasing H(+) in the process. This photoinduced cerium recycling redox (PCRR) reaction behaved as a biomimetic system in an artificial recycling reaction, leading to a sustainable chemical modification strategy for directly transforming alkyl C-H bonds on polymer surfaces into small-molecule groups and polymer brushes. This method is expected to provide a green and economical tool for industrial applications of polymer-surface modification.