gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless Access in Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) (2019)

The future connectivity landscape, and notably, the 5G wireless systems will feature Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC). The coupling of high reliability and low latency requirements in URLLC use cases makes the wireless access design very challenging, in terms of both the protocol design and of the associated transmission techniques. This paper aims to provide a broad perspective on the fundamental tradeoffs in URLLC, as well as the principles used in building access protocols. Two specific technologies are considered in the context of URLLC: massive MIMO and multi-connectivity, also termed interface diversity. This paper also touches on the importance of the proper statistical methodology for designing and assessing extremely high-reliability levels.
ChemInform Abstract: PROPERTIES AND SUITABILITY OF THE 10,11‐DIHYDRO‐5H‐DIBENZO(A,D)CYCLOHEPTEN‐5‐YL GROUP (= 5‐DIBENZOSUBERYL GROUP) AS A NEW PROTECTING GROUP FOR AMINES, AMINO ACIDS, ALCOHOLS, THIOLS AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1976)

Abstract Die im Titel genannte (Sub‐) Schutzgruppe, die sich bequem mittels des Chlorides (I) in Amine wie (II) oder Aminosäuren [zweckmäßig über die Ester, z.B. (IV) ] einführen läßt [→(III), (V)], erweist sich als in in hohem Maße vorteilhaft: Die untersuchten Aminoverbindungen, z.B. (III) bzw. (VI) [durch Hydrolyse von (V)] sind selbst in stark sauren Medien, z.B. HBr, extrem stabil; dennoch läßt sich die Sub‐Schutzgruppe leicht unter milden Bedingungen (wie sie für die N‐Titelgruppe angewandt werden) abspalten, z.B. in verdünnter Essigsäure oder durch katalytische Hydrierung . Ebenso ist die Sub‐Gruppe als Schutz für die NH 2 ‐, OH‐ oder SH‐Nebengruppe in entsprechenden Aminosäuren (Lys, Ser, Cys) sowie als Carboxyl‐Schutzgruppe geeignet und kann unter geeigneten Bedingungen selektiv entfernt werden.
Validation of endogenous control reference genes for normalizing gene expression studies in endometrial carcinoma (2015)

Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) is a powerful technique used for the relative quantification of target genes, using reference (housekeeping) genes for normalization to ensure the generation of accurate and robust data. A systematic examination of the suitability of endogenous reference genes for gene expression studies in endometrial cancer tissues is absent. The aims of this study were therefore to identify and evaluate from the thirty-two possible reference genes from a TaqMan(®) array panel their suitability as an internal control gene. The mathematical software packages geNorm qBasePLUS identified Pumilio homolog 1 (Drosophila) (PUM1), ubiquitin C (UBC), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK1), mitochondrial ribosomal protein L19 (MRPL19) and peptidylpropyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) (PPIA) as the best reference gene combination, whilst NormFinder identified MRPL19 as the best single reference gene, with importin 8 (IPO8) and PPIA being the best combination of two reference genes. BestKeeper ranked MRPL19 as the most stably expressed gene. In addition, the study was validated by examining the relative expression of a test gene, which encodes the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1). A significant difference in CB1 mRNA expression between malignant and normal endometrium using MRPL19, PPIA, and IP08 in combination was observed. The use of MRPL19, IPO8 and PPIA was identified as the best reference gene combination for the normalization of gene expression levels in endometrial carcinoma. This study demonstrates that the arbitrary selection of endogenous control reference genes for normalization in qRT-PCR studies of endometrial carcinoma, without validation, risks the production of inaccurate data and should therefore be discouraged.
<title>Secure robust digital watermarking using the lapped orthogonal transform</title> (1999)

Digital watermarks have been proposed as a method for discouraging illicit copying and distribution of copyright material. One approach to Transform Domain image watermarking is to divide the image into separate blocks and compute the transform of each block. The watermark is inserted in the transform domain and the inverse transform is then computed. Such an approach is particularly effective against JPEG compression where 8 X 8 blocks are used in conjunction with the DCT. Using small blocks allows the watermark to be embedded adaptively as a function of the luminance and texture. However for small block sizes blocking artifacts are observed when the strength of the watermark is increased. In order to circumvent this problem, we propose a new approach based on Lapped Orthogonal Transforms (LOT) in which the watermark is inserted adaptively into the LOT domain. Robustness of the watermark to operations such as lossy compression is achieved by using a spread spectrum signal which is added in the LOT domain. The keys used to embed the spread spectrum signal are generated, certified, authenticated and securely distributed using a public key infrastructure containing an electronic copyright office and a certification authority. In addition to the above we propose using an invisible template to reverse the effects of rotation, rescaling and cropping on a watermarked image. This separate invisible template is based on the properties of the Fourier Transform. Finally, we objectively evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in order to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed technique with respect to a number of common image processing including JPEG compression, rotation, scaling and cropping.
Carcinoma of the Colon and Rectum—Growth Rate (1983)

Twenty-seven carcinomas of the colon or rectum are presented which could retrospectively be measured on radiographs at two separate occasions. The mean diameter of the tumors at first and second investigations was 35 mm (10-90 mm) and 65 mm (30-110 mm), respectively, and the median interval between these examinations was 11 months (4-91 months). The median linear growth rate was 0.083 mm/day (0.008-0.262 mm/day). The median time for doubling of tumor volume was 130 days (53-1570 days), assuming a three-dimensional pattern of tumor growth. A significant correlation between poor differentiation and high linear growth rate (greater than or equal to 0.1 mm/day) was found. It is suggested that the high growth rate observed in this investigation in comparison with some previous studies may be due to the large size of the tumors and, hence, to their great risk of being malignant already at the first examination.
Bioactivity of a peptide derived from acetylcholinesterase: electrophysiological characterization in guinea‐pig hippocampus (2003)

Acetylcholinesterase is well known to have noncholinergic functions. Only recently, however, has the salient part been identified of the molecule responsible for these nonclassical actions, a peptide of 14 amino acids towards the C-terminus of acetylcholinesterase. The aim of this study was to test the bioactivity of this 'acetylcholinesterase-peptide' using intracellular recordings in guinea-pig hippocampal slices. In the presence of tetrodotoxin, acetylcholinesterase-peptide alone affected neither the membrane potential nor the input resistance of CA1 neurons; however, a modulatory action was observed, as a concentration-dependent decrease of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid-induced depolarization. When calcium potentials were elicited by a depolarizing current pulse, application of acetylcholinesterase-peptide increased or reduced the degree of calcium spike firing in, respectively, the presence or absence of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid antagonist d(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid. In contrast, a peptide derived from the equivalent region of butyrylcholinesterase, which also hydrolyses acetylcholine, had no effect. In conclusion, acetylcholinesterase-peptide has a selective bioactivity in the hippocampus; it could thus offer new ways of targeting mechanisms of calcium-induced neurotoxicity.
Secure and Efficient Software-based Attestation for Industrial Control Devices with ARM Processors (2017)

For industrial control systems, ensuring the software integrity of their devices is a key security requirement. A pure software-based attestation solution is highly desirable for protecting legacy field devices that lack hardware root of trust (e.g., Trusted Platform Module). However, for the large population of field devices with ARM processors, existing software-based attestation schemes either incur long attestation time or are insecure. In this paper, we design a novel memory stride technique that significantly reduces the attestation time while remaining secure against known attacks and their advanced variants on ARM platform. We analyze the scheme's security and performance based on the formal framework proposed by Armknecht et al. [7] (with a necessary change to ensure its applicability in practical settings). We also implement memory stride on two models of real-world power grid devices that are widely deployed today, and demonstrate its superior performance.
Experimental Studies on Behavior of Single Pile under Combined Uplift and Lateral Loading (2015)

1-g model experiments were carried out in the laboratory to investigate the behavior of a single pile in sand under combined uplift and lateral load. Dimensions of the model pile were ascertained using physical scaling laws, based on adopted material properties of model and prototype pile foundations. The model pile is made up of aluminum and has outer and inner diameters of 25.4 and 19.0 mm, respectively. Different length-to-diameter ratios of 18, 28, and 38 are considered by varying the pile length to simulate behavior of both stiff and flexible piles. The test tank dimensions were chosen such that boundary effects are minimized. The size of the model steel tank is 1.0×1.0×1.2 m (depth). Experiments were performed on single piles embedded in sandy soil under independent uplift and lateral loading, and combined lateral and uplift loading. Results indicate that the load-deflection behavior is nonlinear for independent uplift and lateral load tests, as well as in the case of combined loading. It is also observed that the behavior of piles under independent loading is substantially different when compared to combined loading. It is found that the ultimate lateral/uplift load capacity under combined loading increased considerably; however, the pile head deflection/displacement at safe lateral/uplift load is found to increase under combined loading. This indicates that although the capacity is increasing under combined load, considering this increased pile capacity may not be possible in a practical design. Rather the safe lateral/uplift loads that are being used in the current design may need to be verified for satisfying the limiting deflection/displacement criteria of the piles considering the effect of combined loading.
Multispectral thin film coating on infrared detector (2015)

High end applications in infrared may benefit from infrared colorimetry. Actual systems are designed using filter wheel, gratings or dichroic components. Those systems are bulky, do not allow real-time acquisition and are sensitive to stray light. Sagem & Reosc recently developed technologies to pixelate infrared coating filters at detector level. It allows designing very compact systems, easy to cool down and to significantly reduce ghost images. Optical systems are simplified and can achieve fast acquisition of multi-spectral video. Numerical simulations have been performed in order to quantify the pattern shape influence on the optical performances at the microscopic scale. The etching processes of multilayer stacks have been developed. Finally, prototypes have been manufactured and tested. This technology opens up new perspectives in the field of infrared filtering.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth of GaAs using trimethylgallium as a Ga source (1984)

Crystal growth of GaAs using trimethylgallium (TMG) as a Ga source in a molecular beam epitaxial system has been studied. Mirror-like monocrystalline epitaxial layers of GaAs were easily obtained on a GaAs substrate at the substrate temperature of 530–630°C. Epitaxial layers were p type and the carrier concentration of these films was about 1018–1019 cm−3. In particular, no deposition was observed on a SiO2 film in this TMG-As4 system. This feature showed the possibility of selective epitaxy of GaAs.
LH‐RH Agonists and Antagonists (1980)

Large doses of stimulatory analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) caused paradoxical antifertility effects. These effects are being utilized for the possible development of contraceptive methods. Several inhibitory analogues of LH-RH have been tested in men and women and shown to be active. The synthetic approach based on inhibitory analogues of LH-RH has been proven to be feasible for development of new methods of birth control. Continued research and testing along these lines may lead to the development of contraceptives based on inhibitory analogues of LH-RH that could be conveniently applied as a nasal spray and could be free of undesirable side effects.
Retroviral insertional mutagenesis as a strategy for the identification of genes associated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) resistance. (1995)

Expression of resistance to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP), one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat a variety of malignancies, remains a serious obstacle for improving cancer treatment. To study possible genetic mechanisms underlying the development of CDDP resistance, we have adopted the approach of retroviral insertional mutagenesis. An early-stage CDDP-sensitive human melanoma cell line, WM35, was infected with a defective amphotropic murine retrovirus (murine stem cell virus), and the pooled cells were subsequently selected for CDDP-resistant variants. Nine CDDP-resistant clones independently derived from murine stem cell virus-infected WM35 cells were analyzed and it was found that five of these clones acquired an identical retroviral integration site, designated as CDDP resistance locus 1 (CRL-1), as revealed by isolation of retroviral flanking sequences. Furthermore, using the flanking sequence as probe, we have detected a 3.5-4.0-kilobase message, the expression of which is strongly increased in clones carrying a rearranged CRL-1 locus. These results strongly suggest that overexpression of CRL-1 confers resistance to CDDP in these clones. In addition, the present study indicates that retroviral insertional mutagenesis represents a potential strategy to identify genes responsible for CDDP resistance and possibly other chemotherapeutic drugs as well.
Effects of Oropharyngeal Exercises on Patients with Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (2009)

Oropharyngeal exercises significantly reduce OSAS severity and symptoms and represent a promising treatment for moderate OSAS. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00660777).
Multibeam-time transmit diversity for OFDM-CDMA (2002)

This paper proposes employing a fixed multibeam transmit array and a space-time block code (STBC) in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing code-division multiple access (OFDM-CDMA) downlink transmission. We use an STBC that has the same number of column vectors as the number of beams to orthogonalize the signals transmitted from all of the beams. Orthogonality is thus maintained among signals transmitted from a number of beams that have large sidelobes or are subject to wide angular spread. The results of simulation show that the proposed scheme provides beam diversity gain and that it can alleviate multiuser interference (MUI) by allocating several users to different symbols in an STBC matrix while assigning them all to the same spreading code.
Modeling distortion in multichannel communication systems (2005)

A behavioral modeling technique suited to capturing the response of wide-band multifunctional and multichannel amplifiers is introduced. The technique is based on the three-box approximation of the Volterra model and takes into account the dependence of the amplifier characteristics on frequency. The model is coupled with a new nonlinear statistical analysis, which enables accurate estimation of intermodulation and cross-modulation distortions of multiple digitally modulated signals. The model parameters can be obtained using simple measurements.
An Improved Super-resolution Image Reconstruction Algorithm (2016)

The paper introduces the Keren registration method and points out its disadvantage which means it will become inaccuracy on the large scale parameters. To reduce the error on large scale parameters of Keren registration, a two step method is proposed, which the phase correlation algorithm is used to estimate the large translation and rotation angle roughly and the improved Keren algorithm is used to estimate accurately the small translation and rotation angle. The experimental results show that the two step method makes less absolute error of angle than Keren method in the situation of large translation and rotation angle. A new method of estimating the standard deviation of noise is introduced to the robust certainty function, which reduces the impact of noise in the process of interpolation using normalized convolution algorithm. By the edge detection of fusion image in the first stage of the interpolation process of normalized convolution algorithm, a calculation method of long axis and short axis of the structure self-adaptive function is improved. The experimental results show that the proposed interpolation method can improve the performance of the original algorithm and enhance the effect of image super-resolution reconstruction.
Synthesis and spectral properties of optically active 2‐ethylidene‐1,5‐dimethyl‐3,3‐diphenylpyrrolidine: Primary methadone metabolite (1986)

Abstract The synthesis of the optical isomers of 2‐ethylidene‐1,5‐dimethyl‐3,3‐diphenylpyrrolidine is reported. The 1 H‐nmr analysis suggested that the free bases exist predominantly in an enamine form and the corresponding perchlorate salts in an iminium form. Optical studies showed that the free bases exhibit Cotton effects in the 400–230 nm region and that these Cotton effects are consistent with a fairly rigid enamine structure.
Learning Kernels with Random Features (2016)

Randomized features provide a computationally efficient way to approximate kernel machines in machine learning tasks. However, such methods require a user-defined kernel as input. We extend the randomized-feature approach to the task of learning a kernel (via its associated random features). Specifically, we present an efficient optimization problem that learns a kernel in a supervised manner. We prove the consistency of the estimated kernel as well as generalization bounds for the class of estimators induced by the optimized kernel, and we experimentally evaluate our technique on several datasets. Our approach is efficient and highly scalable, and we attain competitive results with a fraction of the training cost of other techniques.
Normal Qualitative and Quantitative Tc-99m Sestamibi Myocardial SPECT: Spectrum of Intramyocardial Distribution During Exercise and at Rest (1994)

Exercise myocardial perfusion imaging with Tc-99m sestaMIBI is routinely used to detect underlying coronary stenoses. Ischemia is diagnosed in regions that display decreased tracer uptake during exercise as compared to rest. Tc-99m sestaMIBI SPECT images of 42 healthy volunteers were assessed both qualitatively (tomographic slices) and quantitatively (sectored polar map) for potential sources of misinterpretation. On the myocardial tomographic slices, the most common culprit artifacts were diaphragmatic attenuation and bowel interposition, which caused fixed or reversible "perfusion defects" in the inferior and posterior regions (in 19/35 abnormal segments), and artifacts related to the presence and shift of hot spots (observed in 11/28 men; in women, they were more difficult to demonstrate because of the overriding effect of breast attenuation). Hot spots shifts between exercise and rest usually resulted in pseudo-reversible defects in the anterolateral and lateral walls. The quantified polar map display of the myocardium showed a physiologic decrease in sestaMIBI activity in the basal anterolateral and basal posterolateral areas in men during exercise. There are many normal variants that may mimic coronary artery disease on tomographic sestaMIBI images. Before reporting an area of decreased activity as either a fixed or reversible perfusion defect, the interpreter should ensure that it does not represent an artifact or a normal variation in the intramyocardial distribution of sestaMIBI during exercise.
<i>ROS1</i> Rearrangement in Thyroid Cancer (2016)

A review of additional patients with solid-variant papillary thyroid carcinoma and similar clinical characteristics with undetermined tumor genetics is needed, especially in light of the availability of ROS1-targeted therapeutics.
Nonlinear Regularized Reaction-Diffusion Filters for Denoising of Images With Textures (2008)

Denoising is always a challenging problem in natural imaging and geophysical data processing. In this paper, we consider the denoising of texture images using a nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation and directional wavelet frames. In our model, a curvelet shrinkage is used for regularization of the diffusion process to preserve important features in the diffusion smoothing and a wave atom shrinkage is used as the reaction in order to preserve and enhance interesting oriented textures. We derive a digital reaction-diffusion filter that lives on graphs and show convergence of the corresponding iteration process. Experimental results and comparisons show very good performance of the proposed model for texture-preserving denoising.
Physiological and Anti‐Inflammatory Roles of Dietary Fiber and Butyrate in Intestinal Functions (1999)

Background: We investigated the effects of pectin, a soluble dietary fiber, on the morphological parameters of the small intestine. In addition, we tested the effects of butyrate enemas on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced experimental colitis. Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed an elemental diet containing 2.5% pectin for 14 days, and several parameters were then determined. DSS‐induced colitis was evoked by the oral administration of water containing 3% DSS for 10 days. The butyrate enema (3 mL of 100 mmol/L butyrate per day) was begun 7 days before the DSS treatment. Interleukin (IL)‐8 secretion in the human intestinal epithelial cell line HT‐29 was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Pectin feeding induced a significant increase in the villus height and crypt depth in the small intestine. These effects correlated with a significant increase in plasma enteroglucagon levels. Pretreatment with a butyrate enema significantly blocked the development of DSS‐induced experimental colitis. In the in vitro experiment, sodium butyrate dose‐dependently inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐induced IL‐8 secretion in HT‐29 cells. Conclusions: A trophic effect due to dietary fiber was directly observed. The generation of short‐chain fatty acids and the induction of enteroglucagon release might play an important role in this process. Butyrate, one of the major metabolites of dietary fiber, exerted a potent anti‐inflammatory effect both in vivo and in vitro. Dietary fiber may therefore play important roles in the regulation of normal and pathological conditions in the intestine. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition23:S70‐S73, 1999)