gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speech synthesis by linear interpolation of spectral parameters between dyad boundaries (2005)

Recent work of Olive and Spickenagel has shown that pseudo-area parameters used for LPC synthesis can be linearly interpolated between dyad boundaries without producing excessive distortion in synthetic speech. This study investigates whether such interpolation can be done equally successfully on the power spectrum of the speech waveform. The spectrum is of special interest because speech can be synthesized in real time from spectral parameters on readily available programmable digital filters. Our results show that the distortion introduced by dyadic interpolation of spectrum is perceptually significant but it can be reduced considerably by using an additional point within the dyad boundaries for interpolation. The reasons for good quality of speech synthesized from dyadically-interpolated area parameters were also investigated. It was found that formant frequency movements are reproduced fairly accurately after dyadic interpolation. Formant bandwidths however are not reproduced accurately but the bandwidth errors are not as important subjectively.
Compact Grating Structure for Application to Filters and Resonators for Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (1987)

Possible high-Q circuits based on a new crosstie overlay slow-wave structure are proposed for monolithic microwave integrated circuits. Configurations and results of slow-wave factors are presented. This structure is used for construction of a frequency-selective reflector with a compact size. The effect of loss is considered.
Association of a precore genomic variant of hepatitis B virus with fulminant hepatitis (1991)

A variant of hepatitis B virus has been described recently in HBsAg+ Mediterranean patients who lack HBeAg and who have an unusual and severe form of chronic hepatitis. This variant is unable to produce HBeAg because of the presence of a novel translational stop codon at the end of the precore region of the genome. By direct sequencing of DNA, generated by the polymerase chain reaction, we have evaluated the association between infection with this variant and the fulminant course of hepatitis B. Eighteen patients with fulminant hepatitis B were studied. Of the 15 cases from whose serum viral DNA could be sequenced, the variant was found in the admission sera of 8 of 9 HBeAg- patients but in none of 6 HBeAg+ patients who had fulminant hepatitis B. Patients harboring the variant progressed more rapidly into hepatic encephalopathy, but those infected with the variant strain alone had a greater likelihood of survival than those infected with the normal strain or a mixture. The mutant strain may emerge spontaneously during fulminant hepatitis as occurs in chronic hepatitis B infection during seroconversion from HBeAg to antibody. Alternately, and perhaps less commonly, patients may be infected with the variant ab initio.
Enhanced Sn incorporation in GeSn epitaxial semiconductors via strain relaxation (2019)

We investigate the effect of strain on the morphology and composition of GeSn layers grown on Ge/Si virtual substrates. By using buffer layers with controlled thickness and Sn content, we demonstrate that the lattice parameter can be tuned to reduce the strain in the growing top layer (TL) leading to the incorporation of Sn up to 18 at. %. For a 7 at. % bottom layer (BL) and a 11-13 at. % middle layer (ML), the optimal total thickness tGeSn = 250-400 nm provides a large degree of strain relaxation without apparent nucleation of dislocations in the TL, while incorporating Sn at concentrations of 15 at. % and higher. Besides facilitating the growth of Sn-rich GeSn, the engineering of the lattice parameter also suppresses the gradient in Sn content in the TL, yielding a uniform composition. We correlate the formation of the surface cross-hatch pattern with the critical thickness hG for the nucleation and gliding of misfit dislocations at the GeSn-Ge interface that originate from gliding of pre-existing threading dislocations in the substrate. When the GeSn layer thickness raises above a second critical thickness hN, multiple interactions between dislocations take place, leading to a more extended defective ML/BL, thus promoting additional strain relaxation and reduces the compositional gradient in the ML. From these studies, we infer that the growth rate and the Ge-hydride precursors seem to have a limited influence on the growth kinetics, while lowering temperature and enhancing strain relaxation are central in controlling the composition of GeSn. These results contribute to the fundamental understanding of the growth of metastable, Sn-containing group-IV semiconductors, which is crucial to improve the fabrication and design of silicon-compatible mid-infrared photonic devices.
[Comparative study of the expression of IGF-2 and HBxAg in human hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis]. (1994)

60 Cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 47 cases of liver cirrhosis (LC) were examined with immunocytochemistry methods using antibodies against IGF-2 and HBxAg on paraffin embedded sections. 32 HCC and 37 LC were found to be positive to HBxAg, in which the positive rates of IGF-2 were 100% (32/32) and 94.6% (35/37) respectively. 28 HCC and 10 LC were found to be HBxAg negative, IGF-2 was positive in 23 HCC (82.1%) and 6 LC (60%). The positive expression rates of IGF-2 in the HBxAg positive tissues were significantly higher than those in the HBxAg negative tissues (P < 0.05). There were three types of IGF-2 distribution in HCC and LC: (1) perinucleus; (2) diffuse in cytoplasm; (3) in nucleus. Small polygonal liver cells (SPLC) were found in the liver tissue surrounding the tumor or cirrhosis, the SPLC were positive to both IGF-2 and HBxAg. The positive rates of IGF-2 in SPLC were 86.4% (38/44) in HBxAg positive group and 40.5% (15/37) in the HBxAg negative group. The above findings suggest that IGF-2 plays an important role in abnormal proliferation of HCC and SPLC. The relation of IGF-2 and HBxAg and the nature of SPLC were also discussed.
The replication of cowpea mosaic virus (1986)

Abstract Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is the type member of the comovirus group, which contains 14 different plant viruses that have the same structural organization of genomic RNAs and virions and use the same mechanism for expression of the viral RNAs. The combined structure and organization of the two CPMV genomic RNAs is strikingly similar to that of the single genome of animal picornaviruses. This suggests a common ancestry and similar replication mechanisms. CPMV is by far the best‐studied comovirus and we shall limit this review to some recent data on this virus. For additional general information the reader is referred to other recent reviews on CPMV and comoviruses 1,2 .
Bax Loss Impairs Myc-Induced Apoptosis and Circumvents the Selection of p53 Mutations during Myc-Mediated Lymphomagenesis (2001)

The ARF and p53 tumor suppressors mediate Myc-induced apoptosis and suppress lymphoma development in E mu-myc transgenic mice. Here we report that the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bax also mediates apoptosis triggered by Myc and inhibits Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. Bax-deficient primary pre-B cells are resistant to the apoptotic effects of Myc, and Bax loss accelerates lymphoma development in E mu-myc transgenics in a dose-dependent fashion. Eighty percent of lymphomas arising in wild-type E mu-myc transgenics have alterations in the ARF-Mdm2-p53 tumor suppressor pathway characterized by deletions in ARF, mutations or deletions of p53, and overexpression of Mdm2. The absence of Bax did not alter the frequency of biallelic deletion of ARF in lymphomas arising in E mu-myc transgenic mice or the rate of tumorigenesis in ARF-null mice. Furthermore, Mdm2 was overexpressed at the same frequency in lymphomas irrespective of Bax status, suggesting that Bax resides in a pathway separate from ARF and Mdm2. Strikingly, lymphomas from Bax-null E mu-myc transgenics lacked p53 alterations, whereas 27% of the tumors in Bax(+/-) E mu-myc transgenic mice contained p53 mutations or deletions. Thus, the loss of Bax eliminates the selection of p53 mutations and deletions, but not ARF deletions or Mdm2 overexpression, during Myc-induced tumorigenesis, formally demonstrating that Myc-induced apoptotic signals through ARF/Mdm2 and p53 must bifurcate: p53 signals through Bax, whereas this is not necessarily the case for ARF and Mdm2.
High‐Temperature Speciation Studies of Al‐Ion Hydrolysis (2004)

Preliminary results of a multi‐technique study for Al‐ion speciation are presented for the formation of large aluminium polycations. Information on the reaction pathway may aid the development of routes to solutions containing single species that can be used in model studies to investigate the effects of aluminium in the environment as well as for the generation of Al‐containing materials from molecular scale precursors.
Variation in the carotenoid composition of acerola and its processed products (2006)

Abstract Acerola is now commercially produced and processed in Brazil. Known for its very high vitamin C content, this fruit is also a good source of β‐carotene. The present study was carried out to verify variation in the carotenoid composition along the food chain. Neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, β‐cryptoxanthin, α‐carotene and β‐carotene were found in the acerola fruit. β‐Carotene predominated with mean concentrations of 12.4 and 38.1 µg g −1 in the ripe fruit, 8.8 and 30.1 µg g −1 in the peeled ripe fruit and 5.4 and 12.0 µg g −1 in the partially ripe fruit of an undefined variety taken from home gardens and the commercial cultivar Olivier, respectively. Aside from β‐carotene, β‐cryptoxanthin increased significantly in both garden and commercial fruits and violaxanthin in the latter fruits during ripening. Peeling reduced β‐carotene in both garden and commercial lots, violaxanthin decreased in the commercial fruits, and the other carotenoids remained virtually unchanged. Four brands of frozen pulp and three brands of processed juice had variable and markedly lower carotenoid levels than those of the fresh fruit, indicating that the processing should be improved. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
An EMQ Model In An Unreliable Machine (II) (1994)

This paper presents an EMQ model which determines an economic manufacturing quantity in an unreliable machine. It is assumed that life time of a machine is generally distributed and it requires an instantaneous repair time when a machine fails. Depending on various types of failure rate function of a machine, it is discussed how to determine an EMQ and prove its uniqueness. Variations of an EMQ depending on repair cost are also examined. Through numerical experiments, extensive investigations are carried out on the effects of repair cost and setup cost to an EMQ as well as average cost, and some interesting behaviors are observed.
Rethinking the Combined and Individual Orders of Derivative of States for Differential Recurrent Neural Networks (2019)

Due to their special gating schemes, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) has shown greater potential to process complex sequential information than the traditional Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). The conventional LSTM, however, fails to take into consideration the impact of salient spatio-temporal dynamics present in the sequential input data. This problem was first addressed by the differential Recurrent Neural Network (dRNN), which uses a differential gating scheme known as Derivative of States (DoS). DoS uses higher orders of internal state derivatives to analyze the change in information gain originated from the salient motions between the successive frames. The weighted combination of several orders of DoS is then used to modulate the gates in dRNN. While each individual order of DoS is good at modeling a certain level of salient spatio-temporal sequences, the sum of all the orders of DoS could distort the detected motion patterns. To address this problem, we propose to control the LSTM gates via individual orders of DoS. To fully utilize the different orders of DoS, we further propose to stack multiple levels of LSTM cells in an increasing order of state derivatives. The proposed model progressively builds up the ability of the LSTM gates to detect salient dynamical patterns in deeper stacked layers modeling higher orders of DoS; thus, the proposed LSTM model is termed deep differential Recurrent Neural Network ( d 2 RNN). The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated on three publicly available human activity datasets: NUS-HGA, Violent-Flows, and UCF101. The proposed model outperforms both LSTM and non-LSTM based state-of-the-art algorithms.
Mechanistic Aspects of the Ethanol Steam Reforming Reaction for Hydrogen Production on Pt, Ni, and PtNi Catalysts Supported on γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (2009)

Mechanistic aspects of ethanol steam reforming on Pt, Ni, and PtNi catalysts supported on gamma-Al(2)O(3) are investigated from the analysis of adsorbed species and gas phase products formed on catalysts during temperature-programmed desorption of ethanol and during ethanol steam reforming reaction. DRIFTS-MS analyses of ethanol decomposition and ethanol steam reforming reactions show that PtNi and Ni catalysts are more stable than the Pt monometallic counterpart. Ethanol TPD results on Ni, Pt, and NiPt catalysts point to ethanol dehydrogenation and acetaldehyde decomposition as the first reaction pathways of ethanol steam reforming over the studied catalysts. The active sites responsible for the acetaldehyde decomposition are easily deactivated in the first minutes on-stream by carbon deposits. For Ni and PtNi catalysts, a second reaction pathway, consisting in the decomposition of acetate intermediates formed over the surface of alumina support, becomes the main reaction pathway operating in steam reforming of ethanol once the acetaldehyde decomposition pathway is deactivated. Taking into account the differences observed in the mechanism of ethanol decomposition, the better stability observed for PtNi catalyst is proposed to be related with a cooperative effect between Pt and Ni activities together with the enhanced ability of Ni to gasify the methyl groups formed by decomposition of acetate species. On the contrary, monometallic catalysts are believed to dehydrogenate these methyl groups forming coke that leads to deactivation of metal particles.
Measure of twist-induced circular birefringence in long single-mode fibers: theory and experiments (2002)

Production defects and external perturbations cause standard telecommunication fibers to be randomly birefringent. Fiber birefringence is the origin of the well-known polarization mode dispersion (PMD), which degrades system performances. The knowledge of birefringence properties may be crucial, especially when problems like development of low-PMD fibers or PMD interaction with optical nonlinearities in very high-capacity systems are faced. Some techniques are known to measure birefringence, and useful results have been obtained for both installed and wound-on-drum fibers. However, measurement of the circular component of birefringence still presents difficulties. In this paper, a new method for circular birefringence measurement is proposed that applies to long single-mode twisted fibers. The technique is based on polarization-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.
Information Geometry of Mean-Field Approximation (2000)

I present a general theory of mean-field approximation based on information geometry and applicable not only to Boltzmann machines but also to wider classes of statistical models. Using perturbation expansion of the Kullback divergence (or Plefka expansion in statistical physics), a formulation of mean-field approximation of general orders is derived. It includes in a natural way the "naive" mean-field approximation and is consistent with the Thouless-Anderson-Palmer (TAP) approach and the linear response theorem in statistical physics.
ADAM33, a New Candidate for Psoriasis Susceptibility (2007)

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder with multifactorial etiology. In a recent study, we reported results of a genome-wide scan on 46 French extended families presenting with plaque psoriasis. In addition to unambiguous linkage to the major susceptibility locus PSORS1 on Chromosome 6p21, we provided evidence for a susceptibility locus on Chromosome 20p13. To follow up this novel psoriasis susceptibility locus we used a family-based association test (FBAT) for an association scan over the 17 Mb candidate region. A total of 85 uncorrelated SNP markers located in 65 genes of the region were initially investigated in the same set of large families used for the genome wide search, which consisted of 295 nuclear families. When positive association was obtained for a SNP, candidate genes nearby were explored more in detail using a denser set of SNPs. Thus, the gene ADAM33 was found to be significantly associated with psoriasis in this family set (The best association was on a 3-SNP haplotype P = 0.00004, based on 1,000,000 permutations). This association was independent of PSORS1. ADAM33 has been previously associated with asthma, which demonstrates that immune system diseases may be controlled by common susceptibility genes with general effects on dermal inflammation and immunity. The identification of ADAM33 as a psoriasis susceptibility gene identified by positional cloning in an outbred population should provide insights into the pathogenesis and natural history of this common disease.
Unsupervised Change-Detection in Color Fundus Images of the Human Retina (2006)

The aim of this paper is to develop an automatic method for the detection of the changes that occurred in multitemporal digital images of the fundus of the human retina, in terms of white and red spots. The images are acquired from the same patient at different times by a color fundus camera. The proposed approach is unsupervised and is based on a minimum-error thresholding technique. This technique is applied both to separate the "change" and the "no-change" classes in a suitably defined difference image, and to distinguish among different typologies of change. The algorithm is tested on 10 multitemporal pairs of images. A quantitative assessment of the change detection performances suggests that the method is able to provide accurate change maps, although possibly affected by misregistration errors or calibration/acquisition artifacts
Sequence of the human adenovirus type 3 protease (1988)

Journal Article Sequence of the human adenovirus type 3 protease Get access Alain Houde, Alain Houde Département de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de SherbrookeSherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph M. Weber Joseph M. Weber Département de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de SherbrookeSherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 23, 9 December 1988, Page 11374, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.23.11374 Published: 09 December 1988 Article history Accepted: 25 October 1988 Published: 09 December 1988
Phenomenological theory of filtering by resonant dielectric gratings (2002)

Using a phenomenological theory of diffraction gratings made by perturbing a planar waveguide allows us to deduce important properties of the sharp filtering phenomena generated by this kind of structure when the incident light excites a guided wave. It is shown that the resonance phenomenon occurring in these conditions acts on one of the two eigenvalues of the Hermitian reflection matrix only. As a consequence, we deduce a mathematical expression of the reflectivity and demonstrate that high-efficiency filtering of unpolarized light requires the simultaneous excitation of two uncoupled guided waves. Numerical examples are given.
Continuous determination of oxygen transfer coefficient with an on-line respiration meter. (1991)

An on-line respiration meter was applied to measure the oxygen transfer coefficient (K L a) continuously in a completely mixed aeration tank. The uniqueness of this respiration meter lies in its ability to measure the actual respiration rate of activated sludge. The calculation of K L a can be carried out continuously with steady-state and discrete non-steady state equations using actual respiration rate and DO in the aeration tank. In an activated sludge pilot plant, the oxygen transfer coefficients were determined under constant and variable loading conditions using the above procedures. The relationship between K L a and air flow was found to be linear but dependent on the wastewater loading characteristic. Under variable loading conditions, the calculated DOs in the aeration tank using the obtained K L a9s were more accurate than that using the K L a9s estimated from the air flow rate function. The accuracy of separately assumed saturation DO in the activated sludge was confirmed from a linear relationship between DOs in the aeration tank and corresponding actual respiration rates at a constant K L a.
A simple method to design the single-mask multi-zone junction termination extension for high-voltage IGBT (2012)

A simple method to design the single-mask multi-zone junction termination extension (MZJTE) (SM-MZJTE) for high-voltage insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is presented and experimentally demonstrated. By assuming that the p-type SM-MZJTE region is completely depleted and the equipotential lines are circular arcs for simplicity, an analytical model of the selective function is derived from the charge balance and the geometrical relations. As the blocking capability is sensitive to the implantation dose, the Boron segregation at Si-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface has also been taken into consideration in this model. According to the analytical model, high-voltage IGBTs and test devices with edge termination of SM-MZJTE are fabricated. IGBTs with edge termination implantation dose of 3×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> show highest average breakdown voltage of 3.79 kV (about 92% of the parallel plane breakdown voltage).