gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Squeeze film effect for the design of an ultrasonic tactile plate (2007)

Most tactile displays currently built rely on pin-based arrays. However, this kind of tactile device is not always appropriate when we need to give the illusion of finely textured surfaces. In this paper, we describe the squeeze film effect between a plate and a finger, and we use this effect to design an ultrasonic tactile plate. The plate is actuated by piezoelectric ceramics. Ultrasonic vibrations are thus produced and are capable of generating the squeeze film effect. This enables us to simulate variable friction on the surface of the plate. In order to identify the squeeze film phenomenon, this study considers the case where a finger, with a planar bottom surface and with epidermal ridges, is placed on a rapidly vibrating plate. The overpressure is calculated and the result enables us to assess the relative coefficient of friction as a function of the vibration amplitude of the plate. Based on this principle, and using both analytic and FE method studies, and given ergonomic and stimulation (squeeze film) requirements, we show that it is possible to design a tactile plate which is capable of giving programmable tactile sensations. We conclude by comparing the results obtained from our simulations with experimental results.
Novel star-block polymers: Three polyisobutylene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) arms radiating from an aromatic core (2000)

A series of novel three-arm star blocks consisting of three polyisobutylene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PIB-b-PMMA) diblocks radiating from a tricumyl core were synthesized, characterized, and tested. The synthetic strategy involved three steps: the synthesis of Clt -tritelechelic PIB by living cationic isobutylene (IB) polymerization, the conversion of the Clt termini to isobutyryl bromide groups, and the initiation of living radical methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization by the latter groups. The PIB and PMMA segment lengths (Mn 's) could be controlled by controlling the conditions of the living cationic and radical polymerizations of IB and MMA, respectively. Core destruction analysis directly proved the postulated three-arm microarchitecture. The structures of the products were analyzed by 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and their thermal properties were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The presence of a low- and a high-temperature glass transition (Tg,PIB ∼ −63°C, Tg,PMMA ∼ 120°C) indicated a phase-separated micromorphology. Stress/strain analysis showed a tensile strength of up to ∼ 22.9 MPa and an elongation of ∼ 200%. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 706–714, 2000
Photonic gap in amorphous photonic materials (2001)

Two-dimensional amorphous photonic materials are created, which do not possess any long-range order but have only short-range order. Our calculation of the multiple-scattering method shows that, for S-polarized waves, these materials have photonic gap that is independent of incident directions. Even though the detailed structures of amorphous photonic materials are different with each other, they possess a common photonic gap, if only they have the same short-range order. Based on our studies it may be confirmed that, for S-polarized waves, the first band gap of photonic crystals comes mainly from the short-range order, while the higher-order band gaps are related to the long-range order. The measured transmission spectrum of an amorphous photonic material agrees perfectly with the calculation.
Low ohmic contacts to C-doped <i>p</i> -GaAs with Au/Zn/Au structure (1992)

The Au/Zn/Au metallisation scheme is investigated as a potential ohmic contact to C-doped p-type GaAs (4 × 1019cm-3, 1000Å). Two alloying techniques, thermal and RTA, were investigated for different alloying times. The alloying times were optimised for the best contact resistance and a specific contact resistance of 3.6 × 10-6Ωcm2, corresponding to a transfer resistance of 0.04Ωmm, was achieved using RTA at 400°C for 60s. These contacts showed ohmic behaviour prior to any heat treatment.
Two Naturally Occurring Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Variants of <i>Neodiprion sertifer</i> Geoffr. (Hymenoptera; Diprionidae) (1982)

Two isolates of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus from Britain and North America were compared using three biochemical techniques. Alkaline protease assays of polyhedra revealed the presence of endogenous enzyme activity in the British isolate but not in the North American isolate. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of virus particle structural polypeptides revealed only minor differences, with the exception that the North American virus was contaminated with polyhedral protein. The restriction endonucleases SalI, HindIII, and HpaII were used as a definitive method of distinguishing the two variants, with all endonucleases achieving this to a greater or lesser extent. The possible significance of all of these observations is discussed in terms of their possible influence on the registration and field application of this virus.
Effect of synthetic surfactants on drug absorption in the presence of a physiologic surfactant, sodium taurocholate, in rats. (1985)

The effect of synthetic surfactants and their binary mixture with a physiologic one, sodium taurocholate (STC), on the intestinal absorption of drugs was examined in rats by using the in situ recirculation technique. Synthetic surfactants investigated in this study were nonionic polysorbate 80 (PS-80), cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and anionic sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The surfactant action on the mucosal membrane seemed to be the same magnitude as the stronger one of the two components, except in the case of CTAB, as estimated by the enhancement effect on sulfaguanidine absorption. The action of CTAB was increased in the presence of STC. The action of surfactants in the aqueous solution, an intraluminal action, was examined by using quinine as a model drug. The micellar interaction of the drug with an ionic surfactant, CTAB or SLS, was reduced by the addition of STC, whereas, that with a nonionic surfactant, PS-80, was increased as estimated by a dynamic dialysis technique. The inhibitory effect on quinine absorption was approximately proportional to the degree of the micellar complex formation. Two other model drugs, imipramine and sulfadimethoxine, were further examined and the possible mechanisms of these effects were discussed.
A Study of Sigma-Shaped Silicon Trench Formation (2013)

The strict shape control of sigma-shaped silicon trench has to leverage the dry etch process coupled with the appropriate post-etch treatment (PET). Here we addressed the strong link between the shape of dry etch based silicon recess and its effect on the definition of final sigma-shaped trench. Experiment results indicate the critical physical parameters of final sigma-shape silicon trench could be predicted by means of geometry analysis and monitoring dry etching related recess in bulk silicon. Besides, we also noticed the effect of pattern-dependent depth loading at dense areas. Organic polymer generated during etch process tends to introduce the trench depth variation. Polymer lean etch process has been proven as one of effective knobs to overcome such loading to some extent. In addition, the oxidation capacity of post-etch treatment can not be ignored. The ultra-thin silicon oxide film on silicon trench sidewall must be completely removed by dilute hydrofluoric acid before PET to avoid the possible trench depth loading.
Rabbit Model of Airway Stenosis Induced by Scraping of the Tracheal Mucosa (2005)

This method can be easily carried out and assures induction of airway stenosis. This model may be useful for developing methods for treating airway stenosis in the early stage.
Mutations of the p53 gene in human myeloma cell lines. (1992)

Mutations affecting the p53 gene have been found associated with many human malignancies, but little is as yet known about multiple myeloma. We investigated p53 gene alterations in 10 human myeloma cell lines (HMCL), half of these being dependent upon exogenous interleukin 6 (IL-6) for in vitro growth, similar to freshly explanted myeloma cells. Using a polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) approach, eight of the 10 HMCL were found to bear a mutated p53 gene. All the mutations were single base substitutions with a predominance of G:C to A:T transitions. There was no apparent relation between the presence of a mutation and IL-6 requirement of the cell line. Interestingly, in two cell lines (XG-2 and XG-4) the SSCP pattern showed the presence of both the wild-type and the mutated allele and, upon reverse PCR on RNA, both alleles were found to be concomitantly expressed at the RNA level. Moreover, three freshly explanted tumor samples had the same p53 gene status (mutated versus wild type) as the HMCL that were derived from them. These results show that p53 mutations are frequent in HMCL. Although no apparent relation could be evidenced with the loss of exogenous IL-6 requirement, it may prove interesting to investigate further potential relations between the presence of a mutated p53 allele and gradual autonomy for cell growth.
Membrane potential and Na(+)-K+ pump activity modulate resting and bradykinin-stimulated changes in cytosolic free calcium in cultured endothelial cells from bovine atria. (1990)

The effects of membrane potential on resting and bradykinin-stimulated changes in [Ca2+]i were measured in fura-2 loaded cultured endothelial cells from bovine atria by spectrofluorimetry. The basal and bradykinin-stimulated release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, monitored by bioassay methods, were dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Similarly, the plateau phase of the biphasic [Ca2+]i response to bradykinin stimulation exhibited a dependence on extracellular Ca2+, whereas the initial transient [Ca2+]i peak was refractory to the removal of extracellular Ca2+. The effect of membrane depolarization on the plateau phase of the bradykinin-induced change in [Ca2+]i was determined by varying [K+]o. The resting membrane potential measured under current clamp conditions was positively correlated with the extracellular [K+] (52 mV change/10-fold change in [K+]o). The observed decrease in resting and bradykinin-stimulated changes in [Ca2+]i upon depolarization is consistent with an ion transport mechanism where the influx is linearly related to the electrochemical gradient for Ca2+ entry (Em - ECa). The inhibition of bradykinin-stimulated Ca2+ entry by isotonic K+ was not due to the absence of extracellular Na+ since Li+ substitution did not inhibit the agonist-induced Ca2+ entry. In K(+)-free solutions and in the presence of ouabain, bradykinin evoked synchronized oscillations in [Ca2+]i in confluent endothelial cell monolayers. These [Ca2+]i oscillations between the plateau and resting [Ca2+]i levels were dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and K+ concentrations. Although the mechanism(s) underlying [Ca2+]i oscillations in vascular endothelial cells is unclear, these results suggest a role of the membrane conductance.
Performance comparison of routing protocols using MaRS (1992)

There are two approaches to adaptive routing protocols for wide-area store-and-forward networks: distance-vector and link-state. Distance-vector algorithms use O(N x e) storage at each node, whereas link-state algorithms use O(N 2 ) , where N is the number of nodes in the network and e is the average degree of a node. The ARPANET started with a distance-vector algorithm (Distributed Bellman-Ford), but because of long-lived loops, changed to a link-state algorithm (SPF). We show, using a recently developed network simulator, MaRS, that a newly proposed distance-vector algorithm (ExBF) performs as well as SPF. This suggests that distance-vector algorithms are appropriate for very large wide-area networks.
An Interactive<i>Java</i>Statistical Image Segmentation System:<b>GemIdent</b> (2009)

Supervised learning can be used to segment/identify regions of interest in images using both color and morphological information. A novel object identification algorithm was developed in Java to locate immune and cancer cells in images of immunohistochemically-stained lymph node tissue from a recent study published by Kohrt et al. (2005). The algorithms are also showing promise in other domains. The success of the method depends heavily on the use of color, the relative homogeneity of object appearance and on interactivity. As is often the case in segmentation, an algorithm specifically tailored to the application works better than using broader methods that work passably well on any problem. Our main innovation is the interactive feature extraction from color images. We also enable the user to improve the classification with an interactive visualization system. This is then coupled with the statistical learning algorithms and intensive feedback from the user over many classification-correction iterations, resulting in a highly accurate and user-friendly solution. The system ultimately provides the locations of every cell recognized in the entire tissue in a text file tailored to be easily imported into R (Ihaka and Gentleman 1996; R Development Core Team 2009) for further statistical analyses. This data is invaluable in the study of spatial and multidimensional relationships between cell populations and tumor structure. This system is available at http://www.GemIdent.com/ together with three demonstration videos and a manual.
Analysis of the movements of cabotage port facilities and a long-term course between the period from 2015 to 2017 using the linear regression method (2020)

The requests for tons movements of the public or private port facilities are conditional and structured in their flows by regulatory frameworks of the port law for the operation in part of this Brazilian port system and for the waterway transport networks, but there is a gap in the literature to which one can test its correlation public/private port based on the port infrastructure operations for the time series from 2015 to 2017. As a consequence, this study aims to identify possible impacts on the behavior of these 36 months (events) using the statistical modeling method using the linear regression technique, concluding strategic analyzes of these facilities of public/private port movements of the ports supporting the maritime transport network in its flow, thus contributing to possible investments in civil construction, in the port industry and in its capacity of the expansion of the port arrangement and the support of its transport network and routes monitored and controlled by the Brazilian port system.
Properties of Fe-Al-Si-N thin films prepared by N2 reactive sputtering (1987)

We have attempted to prepare Fe-Al-Si-N films by rf magnetron sputtering in an atmosphere of Ar+N2, employing an Fe-Al-Si target, and investigated the influence of nitrogen on the properties of sendust alloys. Some properties, such as Vicker’s hardness and electrical resistivity of the films, were improved in the presence of nitrogen. In addition, the Fe-Al-Si-N films interestingly show superior magnetic properties to those of sendust films. For example, effective permeability at 1 MHz of the film, prepared under the selected conditions, reached a maximum of approximately 4000, exceeding 2200 of our standard sendust film. The microstructure of Fe-Al-Si-N and Fe-Al-Si films has been observed using scanning electron microscopy. As a result, we have found a difference in microstructure between the nitrogen-containing films and the regular films.
A Research on the Influence of Information Quality on Working Performance for Disaster Resource Management - Focusing on the Central and Local Government - (2008)

The disaster damage can be reduced not only by quick response to its scene, but also by right resource allocation to the right places. The role of information quality on disaster resource has been considered to be an important factor for disaster management. The aim of this research is to investigate and explain the relationship between information quality and performance on disaster resource management. The information quality control for the disaster response operator is central to deliver right information to right people among different government levels such as local, state, and federal government.
Leukocyte protein calprotectin and outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (2002)

The results confirm calprotectin as a good measure of disease activity and joint inflammation in RA. However, the level of calprotectin at baseline was not predictive for radiographic damage or functional impairment five years later.
Evidence for the Participation of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 in the Regulation of Autonomous Growth and Tumorigenesis of Transformed Cells of Lymphoid Origin (1997)

In the current study, we investigated the role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 as autocrine growth factors responsible for autonomous growth of four murine tumor cell lines: LSA, a radiation leukemia virus-induced T-cell lymphoma; EL-4, a chemically triggered T-cell lymphoma; PE-3T, a T-cell line that underwent spontaneous transformation ex vivo; and P815, a mastocytoma. All tumor cell lines screened constitutively expressed IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and IL-4R genes. However, only LSA and PE-3T cells expressed IL-2 and IL-4 genes constitutively, whereas EL-4 and P815 tumor cells expressed only IL-4 but not IL-2. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against IL-2, IL-4, or a combination of these, as well as MoAbs against IL-2R significantly inhibited the proliferation of LSA but not that of other tumor cell lines ex vivo. To exclude the possibility that, in other tumor cell lines, the autocrine growth factor may interact with its receptor within the cell, the ability of antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides to inhibit the growth of the tumor cells was tested. The antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides specific for IL-2, IL-4, IL-2R beta, or IL-2R gamma chains, added in culture, could markedly inhibit the growth of LSA but not that of the other tumor cell lines screened. Inasmuch as IL-2R beta and IL-2R gamma subunits also serve as a component of the receptors for IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15, the above data suggested that such cytokine redundancy was not responsible for autonomous growth of the other tumor cell lines. Addition of exogenous IL-2 or IL-4 to the tumor cell cultures caused significant enhancement in the proliferation of PE-3T cells, whereas other cell lines were either not significantly affected or slightly inhibited from growing. Interestingly, the LSA tumor growth in nude mice was significantly inhibited after treatment of these mice with a combination of MoAbs against IL-2 and IL-4. Together, our studies show for the first time that IL-2 and IL-4 may serve as autocrine growth factors in the autonomous proliferation of tumor cells, particularly those that are retrovirally induced. Second, some tumor cell lines, despite expressing certain cytokines and their receptors constitutively, may not depend exclusively on such factors for autocrine growth.
Single‐dose immunogenicity and protective efficacy of simian adenoviral vectors against <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> (2008)

Simian adenoviral vectors (SAd) offer an attractive alternative to standard human adenovirus serotype 5 (AdH5) subunit vaccination, due to pre-existing immunity affecting vaccine performance. We have used a mouse model of liver-stage malaria to test the efficiency of three chimpanzee-origin adenoviral vectors, AdC6, AdC7 and AdC9 containing ME.TRAP as an insert. AdC7 and AdC9 elicited strong immunogenicity ( approximately 20% of CD8(+) T cells in spleen), equivalent to or outperforming AdH5 and inducing sterile protection in 92% (C9), 83% (H5 and C7) and 67% (C6) of the mice, providing the first evidence of single-dose protection to Plasmodium berghei. Protection was afforded by the SAd despite high levels of pre-existing immunity to AdH5. Phenotypic analysis showed that all adenoviral vectors (Ad) elicited CD8(+) T cell responses with an effector memory T cell (T(EM)) phenotype. By contrast, vaccination with poxviral vectors did not confer protection to P. berghei and induced a predominantly CD8(+) central memory T cell (T(CM)) response. Multifunctional CD8(+) T cell responses (co-expressing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-2) were also induced by the Ad in higher percentages than the poxviral vectors. Our data suggest that T(EM) cells are important as a first line of defense against fast-replicating pathogens such as murine Plasmodium and demonstrate the potential of replication-defective SAd as future malaria vaccines for humans.
Antibiotic therapy for prophylaxis against infection of pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis (2003)

Despite variations in drug agent, case mix, duration of treatment and methodological quality (especially the lack of double blinded studies), there was strong evidence that intravenous antibiotic prophylactic therapy for 10 to 14 days decreased the risk of superinfection of necrotic tissue and mortality in patients with severe acute pancreatitis with proven pancreatic necrosis at CT. Further studies are required to confirm all of the benefits suggested (in particular the need for operative debridement), to provide more adequate data on adverse effects, to address the choice of antibacterial agents and effects of varying duration of therapy, and whether outcome is related to aetiology.
A CMOS-MEMS magnetic thin-film inductor for radio frequency and intermediate frequency filter circuits (2004)

RF/IF filter circuits rely on high quality passive devices such as inductors and capacitors. We propose a novel process to integrate magnetic thin-film inductors using CMOS-MEMS and magnetic film processing technologies. When used in IF filters, great power saving and a high degree of integration can be achieved compared with conventional SAW or Gm-C filters at IF. Magnetic thin-film inductors are much more compact than conventional inductors. Since the electromagnetic field is well confined in the magnetic film, cross-coupling is greatly reduced. With thin film (/spl sim/1 /spl mu/m) and thus less eddy current loss it is capable of frequency up to GHz. Prototype CMOS-MEMS inductors with 0.2 /spl mu/m permalloy (NiFe) thin-film were fabricated and tested. A 10X increase in both inductance and Q was observed, and the peak Q was sustained up to 200 MHz.
Color calibration of an RGB camera mounted in front of a microscope with strong color distortion (2013)

This paper aims at showing that performing color calibration of an RGB camera can be achieved even in the case where the optical system before the camera introduces strong color distortion. In the present case, the optical system is a microscope containing a halogen lamp, with a nonuniform irradiance on the viewed surface. The calibration method proposed in this work is based on an existing method, but it is preceded by a three-step preprocessing of the RGB images aiming at extracting relevant color information from the strongly distorted images, taking especially into account the nonuniform irradiance map and the perturbing texture due to the surface topology of the standard color calibration charts when observed at micrometric scale. The proposed color calibration process consists first in computing the average color of the color-chart patches viewed under the microscope; then computing white balance, gamma correction, and saturation enhancement; and finally applying a third-order polynomial regression color calibration transform. Despite the nonusual conditions for color calibration, fairly good performance is achieved from a 48 patch Lambertian color chart, since an average CIE-94 color difference on the color-chart colors lower than 2.5 units is obtained.