gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lung dysfunction causes systemic hypoxia in estrogen receptor β knockout (ERβ <sup>−/−</sup> ) mice (2006)

Estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) is highly expressed in both type I and II pneumocytes as well as bronchiolar epithelial cells. ERalpha is not detectable in the adult lung. Lungs of adult female ERbeta knockout (ERbeta-/-) mice have already been reported to have fewer alveoli and reduced elastic recoil. In this article, we report that, by 5 months of age, there are large areas of unexpanded alveoli in lungs of both male and female ERbeta-/- mice. There is increased staining for collagen and, by EM, abnormal clusters of collagen fibers are seen in the alveolar septa of ERbeta-/- mice. Immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting with lung membrane fractions of ERbeta-/- mice revealed down-regulation of caveolin-1, increased expression of membrane type-1 metalloproteinase, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (active form), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 2. Hypoxia, measured by immunohistochemical analysis for hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and chemical adducts (with Hypoxyprobe), was evident in the heart, ventral prostate, periovarian sac, kidney, liver, and brain of ERbeta-/- mice under resting conditions. Furthermore, both male and female adult ERbeta-/- mice were reluctant to run on a treadmill and tissue hypoxia became very pronounced after exercise. We conclude that ERbeta is necessary for the maintenance of the extracellular matrix composition in the lung and loss of ERbeta leads to abnormal lung structure and systemic hypoxia. Systemic hypoxia may be responsible for the reported left and right heart ventricular hypertrophy and systemic hypertension in ERbeta-/- mice.
Myosin mRNA accumulation and myofibrillogenesis at the myotendinous junction of stretched muscle fibers. (1990)

Myofiber growth and myofibril assembly at the myotendinous junction (MTJ) of stretch-hypertrophied rabbit skeletal muscle was studied by in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. In situ hybridization identified higher levels of myosin heavy chain (MHC) mRNA at the MTJ of fibers stretched for 4 d. Electron microscopy at the MTJ of these lengthening fibers revealed a large cytoplasmic space devoid of myofibrils, but containing polysomes, sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-membranes, mitochondria, Golgi complexes, and nascent filament assemblies. Tallies from electron micrographs indicate that myofibril assembly in stretched fibers followed a set sequence of events. (a) In stretched fiber ends almost the entire sarcolemmal membrane was electron dense but only a portion had attached myofibrils. Vinculin, detected by immunofluorescence, was greatly increased at the MTJ membrane of stretched muscles. (b) Thin filaments were anchored to the sarcolemma at the electron dense sites. (c) Thick filaments associated with these thin filaments in an unregistered manner. (d) Z-bodies splice into thin filaments and subsequently thin and thick filaments fall into sarcomeric register. Thus, the MTJ is a site of mRNA accumulation which sets up regional protein synthesis and myofibril assembly. Stretched muscles also lengthen by the addition of myotubes at their ends. After 6 d of stretch these myotubes make up the majority of fibers at the muscle ends. Essentially all these myotubes repeat the developmental program of primary myotubes and express slow MHC. MHC mRNA distribution in myotubes is disorganized as is the distribution of their myofibrils.
Identification of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole as a potent compound causing cork taint in wine (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole as a potent compound causing cork taint in wineHans Rudolf Buser, Carla Zanier, and Hans TannerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1982, 30, 2, 359–362Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00110a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00110a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1004Altmetric-Citations181LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Two-dimensional doping profile characterization of MOSFETs by inverse modeling using I-V characteristics in the subthreshold region (1999)

In this paper, we present a new technique for the characterization of two-dimensional (2-D) doping profiles in deep submicron MOSFETs using current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in the subthreshold region. The main advantages of the technique are as follows. (1) It is capable of extracting 2-D doping profile (including channel-length) of deep submicron devices because of its immunity to parasitic resistance, capacitance, noise, and fringing electric fields. (2) It does not require any special test structures since only subthreshold I-V data are used. (3) It is nondestructive. (4) It has very little dependence on mobility and mobility models. (5) It is easy to use since data collection and preparation are straightforward. (6) It can be extended to the accurate calibration of mobility and mobility models using I-V characteristics at high current levels, because errors associated with uncertainties in doping profiles are removed.
A new active constrained layer configuration with enhanced boundary actions (1996)

In this paper, a new active constrained layer (ACL) configuration is proposed to improve the active action transmissibility of the current ACL treatment. Introducing edge elements, the active action from the piezoelectric cover sheet can be transmitted to the host structure more directly. Results from this study illustrate that, compared to the current ACL, the proposed new configuration can significantly improve the active action transmissibility while retaining a similar level of passive damping ability. In other words, it could be a more effective active - passive hybrid system. It is also shown that the new arrangement is more robust: it can outperform both the purely active and passive systems throughout a much broader design space than the current ACL.
Effect of bilateral oophorectomy on mammary tumor formation in BRCA1 mutant mice (2005)

Germline mutations of breast cancer-associated gene 1 (BRCA1) predispose women to breast and ovarian cancer. It was recently shown that bilateral oophorectomy decreases breast cancer incidence in BRCA1 mutation carriers. To model human BRCA1 carriers, our laboratory has previously created mice with a conditional knockout of the full-length BRCA1 gene in the mammary epithelium combined with a heterozygous knockout of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. These mice developed ER-negative mammary tumors and were employed to determine the effects of oophorectomy on tumor formation. Individual knockout mice (BRCA1(Co/Co) MMTV-Crep53+/-), following two complete pregnancies, were either oophorectomized or sham treated. Mice were subsequently examined for the development of palpable mammary tumors until they were 12 months of age. Until 135 days post-oophorectomy (255 days of age), the tumor incidence was similar in both oophorectomized and intact mice, approximately 30%. After this time, the increase in tumor incidence was much lower in the oophorectomized mice, while tumor incidence increased in non-oophorectomized mice. The effects of oophorectomy on mammary development in both control and knockout mice were also examined. Oophorectomized mice with a conditional knockout of full-length BRCA1 in conjunction with a loss of one p53 allele exhibited glandular regression with a reduction in the number of mammary epithelial cells following oophorectomy. This study employed a model that may be relevant for testing agents useful against breast cancer in BRCA1 carriers and a subset of sporadic cancers. The data also show that oophorectomy, if performed significantly prior to the time that tumors arise, appears to be quite effective.
Investigation of the Flight Control Requirements of a Half-Scale Ducted Fan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (1992)

The goal of this investigation was to study the requirements to fly a previously constructed half-scale ducted fan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in horizontal and vertical flight as a proof of concept for a full-scale UAV of similar design. The following items were investigated: (1) methods to increase thrust from the ducted fan propulsion system; (2) the determination of the effectiveness and necessary coupling of the four control vanes in controlling the vehicle in vertical flight (pitch, roll, yaw) and in countering the engine torque; and (3) the design, construction, and effectiveness of stator vanes. The following items were accomplished: (1) thrust was improved over the original vehicle through the design and construction of an effective bellmouth and nine- bladed fan; (2) control-vane effectiveness was determined, and stator vanes were designed and installed; (3) gyro stabilization was incorporated into the roll axis controls and the ducted fan flew in a controlled, tethered hover; and (4) gyroscopic cross-coupling was demonstrated.
Methamphetamine produces neuronal inclusions in the nigrostriatal system and in PC12 cells (2003)

Mice treated with the psychostimulant methamphetamine (MA) showed the appearance of intracellular inclusions in the nucleus of medium sized striatal neurones and cytoplasm of neurones of the substantia nigra pars compacta but not in the frontal cortex. All inclusions contained ubiquitin, the ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1), the ubiquitin protein ligase (E3-like, parkin), low and high molecular weight heat shock proteins (HSP 40 and HSP 70). Inclusions found in nigral neurones stained for alpha-synuclein, a proteic hallmark of Lewy bodies that are frequently observed in Parkinson's disease and other degenerative disorders. However, differing from classic Lewy bodies, MA-induced neuronal inclusions appeared as multilamellar bodies resembling autophagic granules. Methamphetamine reproduced this effect in cultured PC12 cells, which offered the advantage of a simple cellular model for the study of the molecular determinants of neuronal inclusions. PC12 inclusions, similar to those observed in nigral neurones, were exclusively localized in the cytoplasm and stained for alpha-synuclein. Time-dependent experiments showed that inclusions underwent a progressive fusion of the external membranes and developed an electrodense core. Inhibition of dopamine synthesis by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alphaMpT), or administering the antioxidant S-apomorphine largely attenuated the formation of inclusions in PC12 cells exposed to MA. Inclusions were again observed when alphaMpT-treated cells were loaded with l-DOPA, which restored intracellular dopamine levels.
Equivalent refractive index of a sphere with multiple spherical inclusions (2001)

In this paper we analyse the scattering by a spherical particle with multiple spherical inclusions. Our analysis is focused on the equivalence between the inhomogeneous sphere and a homogeneous sphere with an equivalent refractive index. The equivalent sphere reproduces the differential scattering cross section of the inhomogeneous sphere reasonably accurately. This equivalence is investigated for small and large size parameters of the inclusions.
TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN EPIDERMIS AND STRATUM CORNEUM AS A FUNCTION OF THICKNESS IN THE ULTRAVIOLET AND VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS (1984)

Abstract The dependence of radiation transmission on sample thickness was studied in isolated samples of human stratum corneum and full‐thickness epidermis. The investigation also included samples of skin repeatedly exposed to UV‐B. Transmission was measured in the ultraviolet and in the visible from 248–546 nm. Two methods, one microscopic and the other mechanical, were used to measure thickness. There was a good correlation between the results. The dependence of transmission on thickness in these samples could be described satisfactorily by an exponential function, implying that the Lambert‐Beer law is approximately valid. Thus, a single parameter, such as the half‐value layer ( d ½ ), is sufficient to characterize absorption in the skin samples. Water content of the isolated stratum corneum was influenced by maintenance conditions: samples floating on water containing a small amount of NaCl were more hydrated than samples floating on a more concentrated salt solution, or stored in air. Changes in water content of the samples resulted in changes of thickness and, to a lesser extent, of transmission. Approximate in vivo values of d ½ were computed after estimating the in vivo water content of stratum corneum. Differences found in the shape of the transmission spectra of stratum corneum and full‐thickness epidermis may reflect differences in chemical composition. The influence of wetting of the skin on its sensitivity to sunlight is explained in a new way.
Nonadherence to Recommended Guidelines for Blood Pressure Measurement (2016)

Accuracy of blood pressure readings, both in the physician's office and at home, is crucial in properly managing hypertension. Few studies have investigated adherence to measurement guidelines. This study focused on two important aspects of blood pressure measurement: waiting time before measurement and number of readings taken. A total of 103 patients completed self-report questionnaires about office and home blood pressure measurements, with 77% reporting that physician measurements were obtained without waiting, and 56% reporting that only one reading was obtained. The proportions were even higher when measured by a nurse/technician, 96% and 81%, respectively. Home readings were taken without waiting by 60%, and 40% reported taking only a single reading. Most patients received no measurement instructions. Nonadherence to measurement guidelines is common, and may be affecting the validity of readings obtained both in physicians' offices and at home, with significant and potentially harmful effects on treatment decisions.
Proposed New Vision Standards for the 1980's and Beyond: Contrast Sensitivity (1981)

Research shows that present visual standard tests, generally based on the observer's ability to see small high contrast black and white symbols, are not adequate to evaluate an individual's target detection and recognition capability over ranges of target size and contrast used in real situations. New vision tests being developed use the observer's report of the visibility of sine-wave gratings (that look like fuzzy bars) to assess visual capability with much more sensitivity than that of standard tests. The new contrast sensitivity tests, assess vision using the same method used to assess hearing. Just as hearing tests use sound intensity and temporal frequency to measure audiometric sensitivity, contrast sensitivity tests use contrast and spatial frequency to measure visual sensitivity. The relationship between contrast sensitivity and eye charts is discussed using normal and abnormal vision. Although standard eye charts are useful to create an in-focus image in the back of the retina, contrast sensitivity techniques are needed to measure the next physiological state that determines the observer's response to that image. Data are presented that reveal individual differences in contrast sensitivity among normal observers that have definite implications for visual performance in operational environments. Since these differences in visual sensitivity can relate to detection and recognition ranges, these data can be transformed into time to perform certain tasks and lead naturally toward visual standards being based on task performances under operational conditions.
Direct Molecular Imaging of<i>Lymnaea stagnalis</i>Nervous Tissue at Subcellular Spatial Resolution by Mass Spectrometry (2004)

The imaging capabilities of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and MALDI-MS sample preparation methods were combined. We used this method, named matrix-enhanced (ME) SIMS, for direct molecular imaging of nervous tissue at micrometer spatial resolution. Cryosections of the cerebral ganglia of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis were placed on indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated conductive glass slides and covered with a thin layer of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid by electrospray deposition. High-resolution molecular ion maps of cholesterol and the neuropeptide APGWamide were constructed. APGWamide was predominantly localized in the cluster of neurons that regulate male copulation behavior of Lymnaea. ME-SIMS imaging allows direct molecule-specific imaging from tissue sections without labeling and opens a complementary mass window (<2500 Da) to MALDI imaging mass spectrometry at an order of magnitude higher spatial resolution (<3 microm).
Structure-properties relationships in triarylamine-based donor-acceptor molecules containing naphtyl groups as donor material for organic solar cells (2015)

The effects of replacing the phenyl rings of triphenylamine (TPA) by naphtyl groups are analysed on a series of push-pull molecules containing a 2-thienyl-dicyanovinyl acceptor group. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry show that the introduction of one or two naphtyl groups in the structure has limited effects on the optical properties and energy levels of the molecule. On the other hand, the evaluation of the compounds as donor material in bi-layer solar cells with C60 as acceptor shows that the number and mode of linkage of the naphtyl groups exert a marked influence on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the cell. Two naphtyl groups lead to a decrease of PCE with respect to TPA, while a single naphtyl group produces opposite effects depending on the linking mode. Compared to TPA, an alpha-naphtyl group leads to a small decrease of PCE while in contrast a beta-naphtyl leads to a ~35% increase of PCE due to improved short-circuit current density (Jsc) and fill-factor. The determination of the hole-mobility of these two donors by the space-charge-limited current method shows that these effects are correlated with the higher hole-mobility of the β-naphtyl compound.
Polymer-Coated Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Triple-Responsive Drug Delivery (2015)

In this study, pH, reduction and light triple-responsive nanocarriers based on hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) modified with poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) were developed via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Both reduction-cleavable disulfide bond and light-cleavable o-nitrobenzyl ester were used as the linkages between HMSNs and pH-sensitive PDEAEMA polymer caps. A series of characterization techniques were applied to characterize and confirm the structures of the intermediates and final nanocarriers. Doxorubicin (DOX) was easily encapsulated into the nanocarriers with a high loading capacity, and quickly released in response to the stimuli of reducing agent, acid environment or UV light irradiation. In addition, flow cytometry analysis, confocal laser scanning microscopy observations and cytotoxicity studies indicated that the nanocarriers were efficiently internalized by HeLa cancer cells, exhibiting (i) enhanced release of DOX into the cytoplasm under external UV light irradiation, (ii) better cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, and (iii) superior control over drug delivery and release. Thus, the triple-responsive nanocarriers present highly promising potentials as a drug delivery platform for cancer therapy.
Systolic implementation of neural networks (2003)

Systolic implementation of neural networks is suggested. These arrays do not suffer from long feedback connections. Various learning rules are incorporated in the suggested systolic implementation of neural networks. It is shown that these arrays can be easily generalized for multilayered feedforward networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mid-term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Open Choledochal Cyst Excision in a Tertiary Paediatric Hospital (2014)

Introduction: Paediatric laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision has increasingly gained acceptance as an alternative to open excision. Laparoscopic excision is feasible and safe in the short term, but long-term outcomes are not as well established. KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital started performing laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision in children since 2007. In this paper, we report our experience with the laparoscopic approach, and the early and mid-term outcomes in comparison with the conventional open approach. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five consecutive cases by a single surgeon between May 2006 and April 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were analysed. Results: There were 13 laparoscopic and 22 open cases. Baseline patient characteristics were similar. Operative time was longer in the laparoscopic group. Three cases in the laparoscopic group were converted to open in our early experience. There were no differences in time to feeds or length of hospitalisation. One laparoscopic case developed minor bile leak that resolved on conservative management. There were no complications in the laparoscopic group on median follow-up of 35 months. In the open group, there was 1 case of pancreatitis, cholangitis, and hypertrophic scarring respectively. There were 3 cases of suspected adhesive colic that resolved without surgery. Conclusion: Laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision enjoys excellent early and mid-term outcomes compared to open excision, even in centres with smaller patient volume. It should be the approach of choice where technical expertise is available. Key words: Hepaticojejunostomy, Minimally invasive, Postoperative outcomes
<i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, and <i>Tannerella forsythensis</i> are Components of a Polymicrobial Intracellular Flora within Human Buccal Cells (2005)

Previously, we used in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy to detect the periodontal pathogens Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythensis within buccal epithelial cells taken directly from the mouth. This study tested the hypothesis that the intracellular flora of buccal cells is polymicrobial. Mixtures containing a red fluorescent universal probe paired with green fluorescent versions of either A. actinomycetemcomitans-, P. gingivalis-, or T. forsythensis-specific probes were hybridized with buccal cells collected from each of 38 healthy humans. We verified co-localization of probe pairs within cells by generating three-dimensional reconstructions. Intracellular bacteria were detected in every subject. Each cell that was labeled with a species-specific probe also contained bacteria recognized only by the universal probe. Bacteria labeled with specific probes often occupied smaller regions within larger masses of bacteria. Those findings suggest that future studies of invasion by oral bacteria may need to include microbial consortia.