gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learner Know Thyself: Student Models to Give Learner Control and Responsibility (1997)

We describe an approach to student modelling where the student can delve into the student model. We describe how this can support learning on several levels. It serves as a basis for planning learning goals, improving communication between the teaching system and the learner, and as an aid to reflection about learning. There is a growing group of researchers working with accessible and understandable student models. We outline the motivations for such approaches. This paper presents the underlying philosophy for the design of our student model and shows the type of model we have built. We discuss problems of scrutability we have encountered and the interesting research agenda they define. 1.
Potential for reduction of odorous compounds in swine manure through diet modification. (1999)

Recent public concern about air pollution from pork production units has prompted more research to develop methods to reduce and control odors. Masking agents, enzymes and bacterial preparations, feed additives, chemicals, oxidation processes, air scrubbers, biofilters, and new ventilation systems have been studied. Research relating the effects of the swine diet on manure odors has been scarce. Introducing feed additives to bind ammonia, change digesta pH, affect specific enzyme activity, and mask odors has been either costly or not consistently successful. Recent research emphasis has focused on manipulating the diet 1) to increase the nutrient utilization of the diet to reduce excretion products, 2) to enhance microbial metabolism in the lower digestive tract to reduce excretion of odor-causing compounds, and 3) to change the physical characteristics of urine and feces to reduce odor emissions. Primary odor-causing compounds evolve from excess degradable proteins and lack of specific fermentable carbohydrates during microbial fermentation. Reductions in ammonia emissions by 28 to 79% through diet modifications have been reported. Limited research on reduction of other odorous volatile organic compounds through diet modifications is promising. Use of synthetic amino acids with reduced intact protein levels in diets significantly reduces nitrogen excretions and odor production. Addition of nonstarch polysaccharides and specific oligosaccharides further alters the pathway of nitrogen excretion and reduces odor emission. Continued nutritional and microbial research to incorporate protein degradation products, especially sulfur-containing organics, with fermentable carbohydrates in the lower gastrointestinal tract of pigs will further control odors from manure.
C-reactive protein selectively enhances the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen products by IgG-stimulated monocytes and neutrophils (1992)

The acute phase protein, C-reactive protein (CRP), when heat-aggregated (Agg-CRP), potentiates immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc receptor-mediated luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) in human monocytes and neutrophils. Luminol-CL is a sensitive measure of phagocyte respiratory burst activity; however, the nature of oxidative products contributing to the light emission and their site of generation remain incompletely defined. To more precisely describe the oxidative burst of monocytes and neutrophils to Agg-CRP, superoxide anion release was measured by cytochrome c reduction. In addition, the extracellular release of hydrogen peroxide was distinguished from hydrogen peroxide generation using a phenol red oxidation assay. Finally, a flow cytometric determination of dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) oxidation was employed as an index of intracellular peroxide production. Although Agg-CRP alone did not stimulate hydrogen peroxide generation by either monocytes or neutrophils, it significantly enhanced hydrogen peroxide generation in response to heat-aggregated IgG (Agg-IgG). In contrast, Agg-CRP did not enhance the extracellular release of either hydrogen peroxide or superoxide anion from Agg-IgG-stimulated cells. The capacity of Agg-CRP to enhance selectively intracellular oxidative product generation was confirmed when measuring DCFH oxidation in Agg-IgG-stimulated cells. To evaluate whether this selective enhancement of intracellular oxidative events could be attributed, at least in part, to a scavenging effect of Agg-CRP, a cell-free oxygen radical-generating system was employed. Agg-CRP did not significantly diminish the lucigenin-amplified CL response induced by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction. These results indicate that although Agg-CRP enhances the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen intermediates by monocytes and neutrophils, extracellular release of those products is not influenced by cell interaction with Agg-CRP. It is tempting to speculate that CRP can selectively boost the microbicidal activities of monocytes and neutrophils within an inflammatory site by amplifying the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen products without increasing damage to surrounding normal tissues.
Structure and function of infective stage proteins of <i>Leishmania</i> (1994)

Conference Article| May 01 1994 Structure and function of infective stage proteins of Leishmania Deborah F. Smith; Deborah F. Smith * *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Suzanne Gokool; Suzanne Gokool 1Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Jane K. Keen; Jane K. Keen 1Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Paul G. McKean; Paul G. McKean 1Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Desikan Rangarajan Desikan Rangarajan 1Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1994) 22 (2): 286–291. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0220286 Article history Received: January 20 1994 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Deborah F. Smith, Suzanne Gokool, Jane K. Keen, Paul G. McKean, Desikan Rangarajan; Structure and function of infective stage proteins of Leishmania. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1994; 22 (2): 286–291. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0220286 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: LPG, lipophosphoglycan, GIPL, glycoinositolphospholipid, ORF, open reading frame This content is only available as a PDF. © 1994 Biochemical Society1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A Short Classroom Unit, but a Significant Improvement, in Listening Ability (1994)

The purpose of this study was to determine if a unit on listening that consumes little class time would signifi cantly increase listening skills. This research design was basically pretest/treatment/posttest. Excluding the pre- and posttest, the treatment takes only 80 classroom min utes. The Watson-Barker Listening Test—Video Version was used as the measurement instrument. The data revealed that the average listening skills of participants increased over 21 %. The greatest improvement (over 40%) took place in two listening skill areas—evaluating mes sage content and understanding meaning in conuersation. A significant improvement (over 20%) occurred in under standing and remembering lectures.
Molding face shapes by example (2006)

Abstract. Human faces are remarkably similar in global properties, including size, aspect ratios, and locations of main features, but can vary considerably in details across individuals, gender, race, or due to facial expression. We propose a novel method for 3D shape recovery of a face from a single image using a single 3D reference model of a different person’s face. The method uses the input image as a guide to mold the reference model to reach a desired reconstruction. Assuming Lambertian reflectance and rough alignment of the input image and reference model, we seek shape, albedo, and lighting that best fit the image while preserving the rough structure of the model. We demonstrate our method by providing accurate reconstructions of novel faces overcoming significant differences in shape due to gender, race, and facial expressions. 1
Weakening of <i>Salmonella</i> with Selected Microbial Metabolites of Berry-Derived Phenolic Compounds and Organic Acids (2007)

Gram-negative bacteria are important food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. Their unique outer membrane (OM) provides them with a hydrophilic surface structure, which makes them inherently resistant to many antimicrobial agents, thus hindering their control. However, with permeabilizers, compounds that disintegrate and weaken the OM, Gram-negative cells can be sensitized to several external agents. Although antimicrobial activity of plant-derived phenolic compounds has been widely reported, their mechanisms of action have not yet been well demonstrated. The aim of our study was to elucidate the role of selected colonic microbial metabolites of berry-derived phenolic compounds in the weakening of the Gram-negative OM. The effect of the agents on the OM permeability of Salmonella was studied utilizing a fluorescence probe uptake assay, sensitization to hydrophobic antibiotics, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release. Our results show that 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3,4-diHPP), 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid efficiently destabilized the OM of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis as indicated by an increase in the uptake of the fluorescent probe 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN). The OM-destabilizing activity of the compounds was partially abolished by MgCl2 addition, indicating that part of their activity is based on removal of OM-stabilizing divalent cations. Furthermore, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3,4-diHPP increased the susceptibility of S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains for novobiocin. In addition, organic acids present in berries, such as malic acid, sorbic acid, and benzoic acid, were shown to be efficient permeabilizers of Salmonella as shown by an increase in the NPN uptake assay and by LPS release.
Multidimensional localization of multiple sound sources using frequency domain ICA and an extended state coherence transform (2009)

Recently, direction-of-arrival (DOA) and position estimation for acoustic signals has been studied intensively and many different algorithms have been proposed. Among different solutions for multiple sources, blind source separation (BSS) methods have drawn much attention due to their good performance. In this paper, we present a localization algorithm using the results from a frequency domain independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm combined with an extended version of the state coherence transform (SCT). We motivate the SCT as an approximated maximum likelihood (ML) approach and compare our localization algorithm with the steered-response power with phase transform (SRP-PHAT) and the averaged directivity pattern (BSS-ADP) algorithm. 2D localization results show superior performance of our algorithm.
Measuring defects in images restored using DCT prediction approaches (2002)

The problem of blocking distortion reduction for images compressed using the JPEG baseline algorithms is well-known. It is because of this that the JPEG algorithm is not very effective for low-bit rate image coding applications. Over the last decade, researchers have proposed several approaches to reduce the effects of blocking artifacts, but there has been no study on the performance of the different approaches. The main problem is that no suitable metric has been established to measure the visibility of image distortions such as blockiness of block boundaries, blurriness in originally sharp edges and shifts in textured regions. Note that the mean-square-error (MSE) metric is not suitable for this purpose. In this article, first we outline the discrete cosine transform (DCT) prediction approach for the blocking artifacts reduction problem, and we summarize four different implementations of this approach. Next, we define a number of new metrics by considering various types of distortions resulting from the use of a block-based coding technique, and finally we present results of experiments that we have conducted to compare the performance of the four implementations. The reasons for choosing the prediction approach are that it is used by the JPEG's block smoothing algorithm, that it can be implemented easily in hardware, and that it can be used for real-time applications such as the browsing of images over a network.
Composite Discharge Electrode for Electrostatic Precipitator (2007)

This thesis focuses on the design, manufacture, and testing of discharge electrodes made from composites for use in electrostatic precipitators (ESP).Standard industry ESP's use carbon steel, or stainless steel as the base material for constructing discharge electrodes.The electrodes need to be conductive and resist corrosive environments.It is proposed that a conductive polymer matrix composite material can be used in place of the steel to achieve both the necessary conductivity performance, and withstand the corrosive environments in the ESP.
The role of knowledge in software development (1999)

article Free Access Share on The role of knowledge in software development Author: Pierre N. Robillard École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, P.Q., Canada École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, P.Q., CanadaView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 42Issue 1Jan. 1999pp 87–92https://doi.org/10.1145/291469.291476Published:01 January 1999Publication History 186citation3,234DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations186Total Downloads3,234Last 12 Months213Last 6 weeks20 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Throwhammer: Rowhammer Attacks over the Network and Defenses (2018)

Increasingly sophisticated Rowhammer exploits allow an attacker that can execute code on a vulnerable system to escalate privileges and compromise browsers, clouds, and mobile systems. In all these attacks, the common assumption is that attackers first need to obtain code execution on the victim machine to be able to exploit Rowhammer either by having (unprivileged) code execution on the victim machine or by luring the victim to a website that employs a malicious JavaScript application. In this paper, we revisit this assumption and show that an attacker can trigger and exploit Rowhammer bit flips directly from a remote machine by only sending network packets. This is made possible by increasingly fast, RDMA-enabled networks, which are in wide use in clouds and data centers. To demonstrate the new threat, we show how a malicious client can exploit Rowhammer bit flips to gain code execution on a remote key-value server application. To counter this threat, we propose protecting unmodified applications with a new buffer allocator that is capable of fine-grained memory isolation in the DRAM address space. Using two real-world applications, we show that this defense is practical, self-contained, and can efficiently stop remote Rowhammer attacks by surgically isolating memory buffers that are exposed to untrusted network input.
High plasma phosphate as a risk factor for decline in renal function and mortality in pre-dialysis patients (2007)

High plasma phosphate is an independent risk factor for a more rapid decline in renal function and a higher mortality during the pre-dialysis phase. Plasma phosphate within the normal range is likely of vital importance in pre-dialysis patients.
Effects of buried oxide thickness on electrical characteristics of LOCOS-isolated thin-film SOI MOSFETs (2002)

It is known that the electrical characteristics of thin-film SOI MOSFETs depend on many physical parameters, such as Si film thickness and process conditions. Several researchers have reported the effects of the buried oxide and its interface on redistribution of boron atoms (Crowder et al. 1993; Park et al. 1995). In this work, we have investigated the stress behaviour in the buried oxide (BOX) interface relative to BOX thickness and its effects on LOCOS-isolated thin-film SOI MOSFET (i.e. both n- and p-MOSFETs) characteristics by experiment and simulation. It was noted that thin-film SOI MOSFETs with a thin BOX show a higher threshold voltage and hole mobility than those with a thick BOX due to the silicon film stress.
The superPON demonstrator: an exploration of possible evolution paths for optical access networks (2000)

An optical broadband access network called APON (ATM-based Passive Optical Network) has been standardized and its commercial deployment started. This article discusses possible evolution scenarios for the APON system with respect to bit rate, range, and splitting factor, leading to the SuperPON concept. Technical challenges encountered during the realization of the SuperPON demonstrator within the European ACTS project PLANET are discussed in detail. In addition, to illustrate when these technologies will become commercially viable, the major results of an economic-feasibility study are presented. Finally, the SuperPON integration in the pan-European trial of the ACTS PELICAN project is described.
SAR and Lead Optimization of an HIV-1 Vif-APOBEC3G Axis Inhibitor (2012)

We describe structure-activity relationship and optimization studies of RN-18, an HIV-1 Vif-APOBEC3G axis inhibitor. Targeted modifications of RN-18 ring-C, ring-B, ring-A, bridge A-B, and bridge B-C were performed to identify the crucial structural features, which generated new inhibitors with similar (<b>4g</b> and <b>4i</b>) and improved (<b>5</b>, <b>8b</b>, and <b>11</b>) activities. Two potent water-soluble RN-18 analogues, <b>17</b> and <b>19,</b> are also disclosed, and we describe the results of pharmacological studies with compound <b>19.</b> The findings described here will be useful in the development of more potent Vif inhibitors and in the design of probes to identify the target protein of RN-18 and its analogues.
3D layout manipulation functions with a glance to optimization problems (1992)

APL syntax provides a very simple and expressive way to generate and manipulate simple 3D parametric objects. APL2 nested arrays provide powerful data structures for a compact, readable and executable description of 3D layout scenes.
Toxicological Hazards of Inhaled Nanoparticles—Potential Implications for Drug Delivery (2004)

Nanoparticles (NP), here defined as particles with a diameter smaller then 100 nm, are increasingly used in different applications, including drug carrier systems and to pass organ barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. On the other hand, a large body of know-how is available regarding toxicological effects of nanoparticle (NP) after inhalation. More specifically, a number of effects of inhaled NP are attributed to their (i) direct effects on the central nervous system, (ii) their translocation from the lung into the bloodstream, and (iii) their capacity to invoke inflammatory responses in the lung with subsequent systemic effects. This paper gives a brief review on the toxicology of inhaled NP, including general principles and current paradigms to explain the special case of NP in pulmonary toxicology. Since the evidence for health risks of NP after inhalation has been increasing over the last decade, this paper tries to extrapolate these findings and principles observed in inhalation toxicology into recommendations and methods for testing NP for nanocarrier purposes. A large gap is present between research on NP in inhalation toxicology and in nanoscaled drug carrying. This review recommends a closer interaction between both disciplines to gain insight in the role of NP size and properties and their mechanisms of acute and chronic interaction with biological systems.
Proline-Glycine-Proline (PGP) and High Mobility Group Box Protein-1 (HMGB1): Potential Mediators of Cystic Fibrosis Airway Inflammation~!2009-08-07~!2009-11-10~!2010-03-30~! (2010)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is chronic lung disease characterized by an unrelenting neutrophil-predominant airway inflammatory response. This inflammation leads to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and eventually to the development of bronchiectasis. While many components of the immune response in CF have been well-characterized, recent data suggests that small molecules may play an important and underappreciated role in this inflammation. This review will examine two novel molecules: proline-glycine-proline (PGP) and high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB1), and their potential impact in CF lung disease. This review will provide a brief overview of CF lung disease and background on both HMGB1 and PGP. It will then focus on these molecules in a murine model of CF-like airway disease and in human biological specimens from CF individuals. Finally, this manuscript will address possible mechanisms for therapeutic targeting of these bioactive mediators.
Rationing: Talk and Action in Health CareNovember 1997 280 pages UK Price £25.00 BMJ Publishing Group, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR 0 72791180 5 0727911805 (1998)

Jointly produced by the King’s Fund and BMJ Publishing Group, this presents ideas and practice experiences in rationing in healthcare, hi the first section, six controversial statements are proposed and opposed by internationally respected experts. The action already taken in New Zealand and Sweden is described in the book's second section showing how the theory can be put into practice.
A Sodium Borohydride - Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cell Employing a Bipolar Membrane Electrolyte (2012)

An air-independent fuel cell system has been demonstrated using a bipolar membrane electrolyte. The fuel cell was operated using an alkaline sodium borohydride fuel solution and an acid stabilized hydrogen peroxide oxidant solution. The unique water splitting nature of the bipolar membrane provided in-situ generation of the supporting electrolytes required to catalyze both the anode and cathode reactions. This was further shown to provide pH and chemical stability of the fuel cell reactants during discharge. It is estimated that by eliminating the requirement for storage of supporting electrolytes, a practical power system with a specific energy in excess of 300 Wh•kg-1 could be realized in the near-term.
FFT multi-frequency synthesizer (2003)

An fast-Fourier-transform (FFT)-based procedure which synthesizes the waveform directly from the set of spectral components is presented. A Gaussian window function is introduced to deal with noninteger frequencies. There exists an optimal condition for the width of the window which minimizes the numerical error. Techniques for the generation of linear envelope, decay, and frequency modulation are presented. Numerical results verify the validity of this procedure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>