gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective biomimetic total synthesis of 6.alpha.-methyl-19-norsteroids (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective biomimetic total synthesis of 6.alpha.-methyl-19-norsteroidsMarinus B. Groen and Filippus J. ZeelenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 10, 1961–1964Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00404a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00404a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PD-1 <sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells amplified by PD-1 blockade promote hyperprogression of cancer (2019)

PD-1 blockade is a cancer immunotherapy effective in various types of cancer. In a fraction of treated patients, however, it causes rapid cancer progression called hyperprogressive disease (HPD). With our observation of HPD in ∼10% of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-treated advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients, we explored how anti-PD-1 mAb caused HPD in these patients and how HPD could be treated and prevented. In the majority of GC patients, tumor-infiltrating FoxP3<sup>high</sup>CD45RA<sup>-</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells [effector Treg (eTreg) cells], which were abundant and highly suppressive in tumors, expressed PD-1 at equivalent levels as tumor-infiltrating CD4<sup>+</sup> or CD8<sup>+</sup> effector/memory T cells and at much higher levels than circulating eTreg cells. Comparison of GC tissue samples before and after anti-PD-1 mAb therapy revealed that the treatment markedly increased tumor-infiltrating proliferative (Ki67<sup>+</sup>) eTreg cells in HPD patients, contrasting with their reduction in non-HPD patients. Functionally, circulating and tumor-infiltrating PD-1<sup>+</sup> eTreg cells were highly activated, showing higher expression of CTLA-4 than PD-1<sup>-</sup> eTreg cells. PD-1 blockade significantly enhanced in vitro Treg cell suppressive activity. Similarly, in mice, genetic ablation or antibody-mediated blockade of PD-1 in Treg cells increased their proliferation and suppression of antitumor immune responses. Taken together, PD-1 blockade may facilitate the proliferation of highly suppressive PD-1<sup>+</sup> eTreg cells in HPDs, resulting in inhibition of antitumor immunity. The presence of actively proliferating PD-1<sup>+</sup> eTreg cells in tumors is therefore a reliable marker for HPD. Depletion of eTreg cells in tumor tissues would be effective in treating and preventing HPD in PD-1 blockade cancer immunotherapy.
Mechanism of action of oritavancin and related glycopeptide antibiotics (2003)

Oritavancin (LY333328) is a semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotic having excellent bactericidal activity against glycopeptide-susceptible and -resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Oritavancin is the N-alkyl-p-chlorophenylbenzyl derivative of chloroeremomycin (LY264826) and is currently in phase III clinical trials for use in Gram-positive infections. Studies show that oritavancin and related alkyl glycopeptides inhibit bacterial cell wall formation by blocking the transglycosylation step in peptidoglycan biosynthesis in a substrate-dependent manner. As with other glycopeptide antibiotics, including vancomycin, the effects of oritavancin on cell wall synthesis are attributable to interactions with dipeptidyl residues of peptidoglycan precursors. Unlike vancomycin, however, oritavancin is strongly dimerized and can anchor to the cytoplasmic membrane, the latter facilitated by its alkyl side chain. Cooperative interactions derived from dimerization and membrane anchoring in situ can be of sufficient strength to enable binding to either dipeptidyl or didepsipeptidyl peptidoglycan residues of vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant enterococci, respectively. This review describes the antibacterial activity of oritavancin, and examines the evidence supporting the proposed mechanism of action for this agent and related analogs.
X-ray diffraction microscopy: Reconstruction with partial magnitude and spatial<i>a priori</i>information (2008)

The goal is to nondestructively reconstruct the structure of a fabricated integrated circuit using x-ray diffraction measurement. In particular, to detect any deviation from the specification of the circuit design. Determining phase is critical. However, additional information exists as the phase of the design specification is known. Further phase information is determined by oversampling and a better estimate of the correct phase is obtained through convex optimization. The authors illustrate this technique with a simulated one dimensional example and a simple two dimensional experimental sample.
지역방송 TV뉴스 영상구성 관행에 관한 연구: 제주지역 지상파 TV뉴스를 중심으로 (2010)

본 연구는 제주지역 TV뉴스에 대한 실증연구를 통해 뉴스영상과 텍스트 간의 관계성을 밝히고 지역방송 TV뉴스영상의 특수성을 고찰하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2007년 10월 1일부터 2008년 4월 30일까지 7개월 동안의 제주지역 3개 지상파방송사 저녁뉴스를 대상으로 하여 영상구성요소와 영상과 뉴스내용간의 연관성 등을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 제주지역 TV뉴스의 영상은 뉴스현장을 녹화한 `사건화면` 47.1%, `현장을 생중계하는 화면`은 단 1건도 나타나지 않은 반면 뉴스 제작자들이 뉴스 내용에 적합하도록 인위적으로 구성한 화면은 52.9%인 것으로 나타났다. 특히, `자료화면`(32.5%)에 대한 의존도가 비교적 높게 나타났다. 시의성과 현장성 있는 영상이 TV뉴스의 최대 장점이라는 점을 감안할 때 시의성과 현장성이 없는 영상이 많은 부분을 차지하고 있다는 것은 제고되어야 할 부분이라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 영상구성방식은 방송사간에 유의미한 차이를 보이고 있는데, 사건화면의 경우 KBS제주가 가장 많았고, 제주MBC가 가장 적었다. 자료화면의 이용률은 JIBS가 가장 높고, KBS제주가 가장 낮았다. 두 번째, 뉴스내용의 주제에 따라 영상구성방식이 달라지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과, 정치/행정, 경제, 생활흥미의 경우 `자료화면` 구성 비율이 높게 나타났고, 범죄/사고는 경찰이나 법원 건물, 깃발 등을 클로즈업한 `상징 샷`이 높게 나타났다. 반면 문화/스포츠는 현장을 녹화한 `사건화면`이 82.4%로 나타났다. 이와 같은 주제유형별 영상구성방식의 차이는 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타나 제주지역 TV뉴스의 경우 뉴스내용의 주제가 정해지면 영상은 이미 예측이 가능한 관행적인 방식으로 구성되어지고 이에 따라 정형화된 영상이 이루어지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 세 번째, 뉴스내용과 영상의 연관성을 살펴보면 직접적 연관 51.7%, 간접적 연관 28.3%, 뉴스내용과 무관한 영상 또한 20.1% 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 뉴스내용과 일치하거나 뉴스내용에 대한 부가적인 정보를 제공하는 영상이 전체 뉴스의 절반정도에 지나지 않는다는 것은 제주지역 TV뉴스 영상의 뉴스적 속성, 즉 영상의 뉴스 정보적 역할이 미미하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 영상이 지니는 뉴스 정보 제공 역할에 대한 새로운 인식 전환과 더불어 적절한 투자와 지원이 필요하다 하겠다.
Ontologies for indexing Technical manuals for instruction. (2000)

Abstract This paper describes how technical manuals can be reused for training purposes. Technical manuals are separated into document fragments. Different viewpoints on indexing lead to a separate set of ontologies. Syntax, semantics and instructional role are represented in separate ontologies. Document fragments are indexed using the set of ontologies, and stored in a database. Indexing from different viewpoints allows flexible retrieval and leaves the way instructional material is composed open. 1
Efficient fusion for infrared and visible images based on compressive sensing principle (2011)

In this study, the potential application of compressive sensing (CS) principle in the image fusion for infrared (IR) and visible images is studied. First, the theory of CS is introduced briefly. Some comparative analyses of different reconstruction techniques are carried out in view of their performance in multisensor image recovery and the minimum number of sampling measurements one has to take to achieve perfectly reconstruction of images is investigated afterwards. Then, a novel self-adaptive weighted average fusion scheme based on standard deviation of measurements to merge IR and visible images is developed in the special domain of CS using the better recovery tool of total variation optimisation. Both the subjective visual effect and objective evaluation indicate that the presented method enhances the definition of fused results greatly, and it achieves a high level of fusion quality in human perception of global information. On the other hand, no structure priori information about the original images is required and only some concise fusion computation of compressive measurements is needed in the authors' proposed algorithm, thus it has superiority in saving computation resources and enhancing the fusion efficiency.
CIF: Continuous Integrate-and-Fire for End-to-End Speech Recognition (2019)

In this paper, we propose a novel soft and monotonic alignment mechanism used for sequence transduction. It is inspired by the integrate-and-fire model in spiking neural networks and employed in the encoder-decoder framework consists of continuous functions, thus being named as: Continuous Integrate-and-Fire (CIF). Applied to the ASR task, CIF not only shows a concise calculation, but also supports online recognition and acoustic boundary positioning, thus suitable for various ASR scenarios. Several support strategies are also proposed to alleviate the unique problems of CIF-based model. With the joint action of these methods, the CIF-based model shows competitive performance. Notably, it achieves a word error rate (WER) of 2.86% on the test-clean of Librispeech and creates new state-of-the-art result on Mandarin telephone ASR benchmark.
Microwave-to-optical conversion via four-wave mixing in a cold ytterbium ensemble (2019)

Interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons require noise-free microwave-to-optical transducers, a technology currently not realized at the single-photon level. We propose to use four-wave mixing in an ensemble of cold ytterbium (Yb) atoms prepared in the metastable ``clock'' state. The parametric process uses two high-lying Rydberg states for bidirectional conversion between a 10 GHz microwave photon and an optical photon in the telecommunication E-band. To avoid noise photons due to spontaneous emission, we consider continuous operation far detuned from the intermediate states. We use an input-output formalism to predict conversion efficiencies of $\ensuremath{\approx}50%$ with bandwidths of $\ensuremath{\approx}100$ kHz.
Lack of pharmacokinetic interactions of aliskiren, a novel direct renin inhibitor for the treatment of hypertension, with the antihypertensives amlodipine, valsartan, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and ramipril in healthy volunteers (2006)

Aliskiren is a novel, orally active direct renin inhibitor that lowers blood pressure alone and in combination with existing antihypertensive agents. As aliskiren does not affect cytochrome P450 enzyme activities, is minimally metabolised, and is not extensively protein bound, the potential for drug interactions is predicted to be low. Four open-label studies investigated the pharmacokinetic interactions between aliskiren 300 mg and the antihypertensive drugs amlodipine 10 mg (n = 18), valsartan 320 mg (n = 18), hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg (HCTZ, n = 22) and ramipril 10 mg (n = 17) in healthy subjects. In each study, subjects received multiple once-daily doses of aliskiren and the test antihypertensive drug alone or in combination in two dosing periods separated by a drug-free washout period. Plasma concentrations of drugs were determined by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry methods. At steady state, relatively small changes in exposure to aliskiren were observed when aliskiren was co-administered with amlodipine (AUC(tau) increased by 29%, p = 0.032), ramipril (C(max,ss) increased by 31%, p = 0.043), valsartan (AUC(tau) decreased by 26%, p = 0.002) and HCTZ (C(max,ss) decreased by 22%, p = 0.039). Co-administration with aliskiren resulted in small changes in exposure to ramipril (AUC(tau) increased by 22%, p = 0.002), valsartan (AUC(tau) decreased by 14%, p = 0.062) and HCTZ (AUC(tau) decreased by 10% and C(max,ss) by 26%, both p < 0.001). All other changes in pharmacokinetic parameters were also small, and not statistically significant. None of the observed pharmacokinetic changes was considered clinically relevant. Aliskiren inhibited plasma renin activity (PRA) and also prevented the reactive rise in PRA induced by valsartan. The most commonly reported adverse events were headache, dizziness and gastrointestinal symptoms (all mild in severity), which were similar in frequency during antihypertensive drug treatment alone and in combination with aliskiren except for an increase in dizziness during treatment with the combination of aliskiren and HCTZ. In conclusion, aliskiren shows no clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions and is generally well tolerated when administered in combination with amlodipine, valsartan, HCTZ or ramipril.
Evidence for the Existence of a Specific G Protein‐Coupled Receptor Activated by Guanosine (2011)

Guanosine, released extracellularly from neurons and glial cells, plays important roles in the central nervous system, including neuroprotection. The innovative DELFIA Eu-GTP binding assay was optimized for characterization of the putative guanosine receptor binding site at rat brain membranes by using a series of novel and known guanosine derivatives. These nucleosides were prepared by modifying the purine and sugar moieties of guanosine at the 6- and 5'-positions, respectively. Results of these experiments prove that guanosine, 6-thioguanosine, and their derivatives activate a G protein-coupled receptor that is different from the well-characterized adenosine receptors.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of spray-deposited Al-Si-Fe-Cu-Mg alloy containing Mn (2003)

Al-20Si-5Fe-3Cu-lMg alloy was synthesized by the spray atomization and deposition technique. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the spray deposited hypereutectic Al-Si alloy were studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) and HREM (High-resolution Electron Microscope), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), microhardness measurement, and tensile tests. The effects of Mn on the microstructural evolution of the highsilicon aluminum alloy after extrusion and heat treatment have been examined. The results show that two kinds of phases, i.e. S (Al2CuMg) and σ(Al5Cu6Mg2), precipitated from matrix and improved the tensile strength of the alloy efficiently at both the ambient and elevated temperatures (300℃). The tensile test results indicate that the spray-deposited Al-20Si-SFe-3Cu-1Mg alloy has better strength than the powder metallurgy processed Al-20Si-3Cu-1Mg alloy at elevated temperature.
An Integral Battery Charger With Power Factor Correction for Electric Scooter (2009)

This paper presents an integral battery charger for an electric scooter with high voltage batteries and interior-permanent-magnet motor traction drive. The battery charger is derived from the power hardware of the scooter, with the ac motor drive that operates as three-phase boost rectifier with power factor correction capability. The control of the charger is also integrated into the scooter control firmware that is implemented on a fixed-point DSP controller. Current-controlled or voltage-controlled charge modes are actuated according to the requirements of the battery management system, that is embedded into the battery pack. With respect to previous integrated chargers, the ac current is absorbed at unitary power factor with no harmonic distortion. Moreover, no additional filtering is needed since the pulsewidth modulation ripple is minimized by means of phase interleaving. The feasibility of the integral charger with different ac motors (induction motor, surface-mounted phase modulation motor) is also discussed, by means of a general model purposely developed for three-phase ac machines. The effectiveness of the proposed battery charger is experimentally demonstrated on a prototype electric scooter, equipped with two Li-ion battery packs rated 260 V, 20 Ah.
COMMUNICATIONS USING CHAOTIC FREQUENCY MODULATION (1994)

Chaotic Frequency Modulation (CFM) provides the basis for a nonlinear communications system with (1) good noise suppression and (2) analogue signal encryption for private and secure communications links. CFM is a generalization of conventional Wideband Frequency Modulation (WFM) where the information about modulation samples m k are contained in the lengths of the periods p k for the kth cycle of the WFM waveform. A WFM modulator produces waveform periods described by an invertible function of the form p k =F(m k ). Chaotic FM uses a map of the pulse periods to produce a noise-like pulse train even with a constant signal. The basis for CFM is a function p k =F(m k ; p k−1 , p k−2 , …, p k−i ), where i is the dimensionality of the map. A practical realization for a CFM transmitter employs an autonomous chaotic relaxation oscillator (ACRO) circuit for use as a chaotic voltage-controlled oscillator (CVCO). The ACRO is simple to construct, consisting of only two capacitors, one inductor, a bistable nonlinear element, and a modulated current source. The CVCO period (p k ) is a nonlinear function of the current (m k ) and the two previous pulse periods. Demodulation requires the use of at least three successive waveform-periods. Experimental and theoretical studies of the CVCO circuit have shown that (1) the ACRO return maps of pulse periods are embedded in three dimensions, (2) chaotic outputs are difficult to decode without prior knowledge of the circuit parameters, and (3) demodulation may be accomplished with a digital signal processor.
BHLH32 modulates several biochemical and morphological processes that respond to Pi starvation in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2007)

P(i) (inorganic phosphate) limitation severely impairs plant growth and reduces crop yield. Hence plants have evolved several biochemical and morphological responses to P(i) starvation that both enhance uptake and conserve use. The mechanisms involved in P(i) sensing and signal transduction are not completely understood. In the present study we report that a previously uncharacterized transcription factor, BHLH32, acts as a negative regulator of a range of P(i) starvation-induced processes in Arabidopsis. In bhlh32 mutant plants in P(i)-sufficient conditions, expression of several P(i) starvation-induced genes, formation of anthocyanins, total P(i) content and root hair formation were all significantly increased compared with the wild-type. Among the genes negatively regulated by BHLH32 are those encoding PPCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase), which is involved in modifying metabolism so that P(i) is spared. The present study has shown that PPCK genes are rapidly induced by P(i) starvation leading to increased phosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Furthermore, several Arabidopsis proteins that regulate epidermal cell differentiation [TTG1 (TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1), GL3 (GLABRA3) and EGL3 (ENHANCER OF GL3)] positively regulate PPCK gene expression in response to P(i) starvation. BHLH32 can physically interact with TTG1 and GL3. We propose that BHLH32 interferes with the function of TTG1-containing complexes and thereby affects several biochemical and morphological processes that respond to P(i) availability.
Clear evidence that long-term, low-dose tamoxifen treatment can induce ocular toxicity a prospective study of 63 patients (1992)

The current study has prospectively investigated the incidence and course of ocular toxicity after low-dose tamoxifen treatment. Sixty-three patients with cancer who could be examined were analyzed. Tamoxifen was administered on a 20-mg daily dose. Median duration of treatment was 25 months. Median total tamoxifen dose was 14.4 gr. Four patients had retinopathy and/or keratopathy 10, 27, 31, and 35 months, respectively, after tamoxifen initiation (an incidence of 6.3%). Ophthalmologic findings consisted of decreased visual acuity, bilateral macular edema, yellow-white dots in the paramacular and fovea areas in all patients as well as corneal opacities in one patient. After tamoxifen withdrawal almost all ocular abnormalities were found to be reversible, except for the retinal opacities. This is the first prospective study in the literature indicating that even conventional low-dose tamoxifen treatment can induce ocular toxicity. In addition, the authors review and discuss the literature of the last decades.
Gray-level co-occurrence matrix bone fracture detection (2011)

Fractures of bone are a common affliction in orthopedic wards at any given time. Trained radiologists generally identify abnormal pathologies including fractures with a relatively high level of accuracy. However studies examining reader accuracy have shown that in some cases the miss rate can be as high when reading x-rays containing multiple abnormalities. Accurate diagnosis of fractures is vital to the effective management of patient injuries. As a result, detection of long-bone fractures is an important orthopedics and radiologic problem, and it is proposed that a novel computer aided detection system could help lowering the miss rate. This paper examines the development of such a system, for the detection of long-bone fractures. This project fully employed MATLAB 7.8.0 (.r2009a) as the programming tool for loading image, image processing and user interface development. Results obtained demonstrate the performance of the femur's long bone fracture detection system with some limitations.
ASSESSMENT OF NON-SINUSOIDAL, PULSED, OR INTERMITTENT EXPOSURE TO LOW FREQUENCY ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS (2007)

The correct assessment of non-sinusoidal, pulsed, or intermittent exposure to low frequency electric and magnetic fields already is a key issue in the occupational environment while becoming more and more important in the domain of the general public. The method presented provides a simple and safe solution for the assessment of arbitrary field types--including sinusoidal and continuous-wave signals--with frequencies up to several 100 kHz and has already proven its practicability and usefulness for more than 5 years. The concept is based on fundamental laws of physics and electrostimulation and well-established physiological data. It allows for a seamless and easy integration in any standard or guideline dealing with human safety in electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields. A very simple-to-use graphical version allows an easy and fast assessment of the exposure to non-sinusoidal, pulsed, or intermittent low-frequency magnetic fields without introducing a large overestimation of the exposure situation. A computer-based version makes a much more detailed signal analysis possible and can provide useful information for exposure reduction using modifications of the magnetic field's time parameters (e.g., rise/fall times).
Perovskite Hollow‐Fiber Membranes for the Production of Oxygen‐Enriched Air (2005)

Mixed-ion and electron-conducting perovskite membranes are used to produce oxygen-enriched air (see picture). These membranes are thermally and mechanically stable at high temperatures (>875 °C) over a long period of time, thus making them suitable for industrial processes. Oxygen concentrations of the enriched air typically reach 30–50 vol %.
Novel bacterial systems for the delivery of recombinant protein or DNA (2000)

On the basis of attenuated intracellular bacteria, we have developed two delivery systems for either heterologous proteins or DNA vaccine vectors. The first system utilizes attenuated strains of Gram-negative bacteria which are engineered to secrete heterologous antigens via the alpha-hemolysin secretion system of Escherichia coli. The second system is based on attenuated suicide strains of Listeria monocytogenes, which are used for the direct delivery of eukaryotic antigen expression vectors into professional antigen presenting cells (APC) like macrophages in vitro as well as in vivo.