gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative in Vitro and in Vivo Study of Various Factor VIII Preparations (1979)

A comparison of nine commercial and non-commercial Factor VIII preparations was made. They consisted of llyophilized cryoprecipitate, 4 intermediate and 4 high purity concentrates. Protein, Fibrinogen, Factor VIII complex, IgG, anti-A and anti-B antibody levels were measured. Factor VIII:C content varied from 4-7 u/ml in cryoprecipitate, 12-31 u/ml in intermediate and 21-40 u/ml in high purity concentrates. These three categories of Factor VIII preparations can be better defined by 2 ratios: u FVIII/mg proteins and u F VIII/mg fibrinogen. They were respectively < 0.5 and < 1 in cryo, 0.5-1 and 1-3 in intermediate purity concentrates, > 1 and > 3 in high purity concentrates. The F VIII :C/F VIII : AG ratio ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 in any preparation. The F VIII:C/F VIII :VWF ratio was always lower than 1. Each preparation was injected to several classic hemophilia A patients for treatment of minor hemorrhages. The peak of activity was always found 1 hour post-injection and the recovery ranged from 80 to 105%. The Factor VIII half-life ranged from 10 to 12.5 hours. No significant differences in half-life or recovery was found, and the clinical efficacy was similar. With the exception of fibrinogen load, all products carry similar risk for hepatitis, anti-IgG immunization and hemolysis. The differences lie in the ease of injection, the price and the yield of Factor VIII from starting plasma. Nevertheless, high purity concentrates should be used when high doses are reauired for surgery or treatment of patients with inhibitor.
Neuartige Röntgendetektoren für die Astrophysik: Ortsauflösende Halbleiterdetektoren lösen Gas‐Proportionalzähler ab (1996)

Abstract In der Astrophysik gewinnen abbildende Röntgenteleskope rasch an Bedeutung. Verglichen mit Spektren im sichtbaren Licht erlauben Röntgenspektren ganz unterschiedliche und komplementäre Aussagen über kosmische Objekte. In zukünftigen Satellitenmissionen sollen ortsauflösende Halbleiterdetektoren als Röntgendetektoren eingesetzt werden. Diese sog. Röntgen‐CCDs (Charge Coupled Devices) werden den hohen Anforderungen besser gerecht als die bisher verwendeten Gas‐Proportionalzähler. Für diese Detektoren zeichnen sich auch Anwendungen in der Industrie ab.
Large-Scale Oxidations in the Pharmaceutical Industry (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLarge-Scale Oxidations in the Pharmaceutical Industry†Stéphane Caron, Robert W. Dugger, Sally Gut Ruggeri, John A. Ragan, and David H. Brown RipinView Author Information Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 7, 2943–2989Publication Date (Web):June 27, 2006Publication History Received1 August 2005Published online27 June 2006Published inissue 1 July 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr040679fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr040679fresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views17142Altmetric-Citations684LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Organic reactions,Oxidation,Oxides,Rearrangement Get e-Alerts
Characterisation of the early endosomal SNARE complex (2005)

SNARE Proteine sind wichtige Faktoren in Membranfusion. Diese Proteine sitzen in gegenüberliegenden Lipid-doppelschichten und bilden vier-helix coiled-coil Komplexe, die je ein Qa-, Qb-, Qc- und ein R-SNARE enthalten. Die Ausbildung des SNARE Komplexes fusioniert die Membranen. Syntaxin 13, vti1a, syntaxin 6 and VAMP4 sind als die SNARE Proteine identifiziert worden, die die Fusion von frühen Endosomen vermitteln. Der Kern-Komplex wurde aufgereinigt und biochemisch und biophysikalisch charakterisiert. Die Kristallstruktur wurde mit einer Auflösung von 2.7Å gelöst. Der Komplex zeigt hohe Übereinstimmung mit dem neuronalen und späten endosomalen SNARE Komplex in Bezug auf die Thermostabilität, biochemisches Verhalten und Struktur. Proteoliposomen, die diese Proteine enthalten, fusionieren schneller als Liposomen mit den neuronalen SNAREs. Die Fusion kann mit löslichen Fragmenten der Proteine in einer konzentrationsabhängigen Weise inhibiert werden. Verwandte und auch nicht verwandte R-SNAREs inhibieren die Liposomenfusion. Liposomen die nicht-verwandte R-SNAREs enthalten fusionieren mit den frühen endosomalen Q-SNARE-liposomen und zeigen daher ein promiskes Verhalten. Dies wurde nicht gezeigt in einem zellfreien, mikroskopischen Assay mit PC12 frühen Endosomen, in dem die löslichen Fragmente nur der frühen endosomalen SNAREs starke und spezifische Inhibierung zeigten.
Degradation of polystyrene by gamma irradiation: Effect of air on the radiation‐induced changes in mechanical and molecular properties (1979)

Abstract Irradiation of 3 mm polystyrene sheet in air at 30°C with γ rays caused a rapid decrease in the tensile and flexural strengths and strains to fracture. These properties were decreased to 50% of their initial values after ca. 80 Mrads and to 25% after ca. 200 Mrads, beyond which dose the rate of change was relatively small. These results contrast with the negligible changes that are observed after 600 Mrads in vacuum. The effect of irradiation in air has been correlated with decreasing molecular weight at the surface, even though crosslinking predominated over the complete sample so that a gel point was reached at a dose slightly in excess of 100 Mrads. Scission and crosslinking yields, G ( S ) and G ( X ), were determined as a function of depth by gel permeation chromatography of layers removed progressively from the surface. G ( S ) decreased and G ( X ) increased with depth, in accord with the concepts of increased scission by reaction with oxygen and a diffusion effect. Unusual transverse cracking to a limited depth occurred during tensile measurements, a phenomenon that is attributed to the nonuniform molecular weight profile.
Leaf reflectance and photo‐ and antioxidant protection in field‐grown summer‐stressed <i>Phillyrea angustifolia</i>. Optical signals of oxidative stress? (2004)

• Here we aimed to assess the photo and oxidative stress linked to the Mediterranean summer conditions characterized by drought, heat and high irradiance, and to find possible optical signals of such changes. • Foliar reflectance was measured in parallel to leaf water content, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, extent of oxidative stress, and mechanisms of photo- and antioxidative protection in leaves of the evergreen Phillyrea angustifolia (Oleaceae) plants exposed to Mediterranean field spring-summer conditions. • Relative leaf water content (RWC) of nonirrigated plants (WS) decreased from 82 to 50% after 48 d without rain, and net photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductances decreased c. 90%, but there was no photo- and oxidative damage. The amounts of the photoprotector zeaxanthin and of the antioxidant a-tocopherol increased up to threefold. The b-carotene concentration decreased to 50%. The reflectance indices WI (water index), PRI (photochemical reflectance index), and BPI (brown pigment index) followed the changes in water content, photosynthetic rates, and oxidant status, respectively. • These results show that severe drought leads to oxidative stress in field-grown P. angustifolia plants, highlights the significance of photo- and antioxidative protection for the survival of drought-stressed plants, and indicates that the changes in oxidant status may be assessed by leaf reflectance (brown pigment index, BPI).
Analysis and synthesis of a class of discrete-time neural networks described on hypercubes (1991)

A qualitative analysis is presented for a class of synchronous discrete-time neural networks defined on hypercubes in the state space. Analysis results are utilized to establish a design procedure for associative memories to be implemented on the present class of neural networks. To demonstrate the storage ability and flexibility of the synthesis procedure, several specific examples are considered. The design procedure has essentially the same desirable features as the results of J. Li et al. (1988, 1989) for continuous-time neural networks. For a given system dimension, networks designed by the present method may have the ability to store more patterns (as asymptotically stable equilibria) than corresponding discrete-time networks designed by other techniques. The design method guarantees the storage of all the desired patterns as asymptotically stable equilibrium points. The present method provides guidelines for reducing the number of spurious states and for estimating the extent of the patterns' domains of attraction. The present results provide a means of implementing neural networks by serial processors and special digital hardware.
A possible basis for structure–function relationship of estrogens (1981)

Abstract It is well known that a wide variety of molecules compete for binding to the estrogen receptor and act as estrogens and/or antiestrogens. These molecules such as estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, doisynolic acid, the triarylethylenes, and cyclofenyl apparently share little resemblance which could account for their interaction with a common estrogen binding site. Knowledge of the receptor binding of triarylethylene and cyclofenyl prototypes, in particular, relative to that of the other estrogens is critical for understanding their structure‐function relationship. We have carried out a study on the receptor binding specificity of triarylethylene and cyclofenyl prototypes. This study has revealed that these molecular types share considerable resemblance in their receptor binding specificity and differ from estradiol and other similar molecules in some important respects. However, comparison of their substructural binding specificities reveals the possibility that the triarylethylene and estradiol prototypes may interact with at least some common regions of the estrogen binding site. Based on this reasoning the comparative receptor binding of estrogens has been rationalized on the basis of a subsite hypothesis for the estrogen binding site. According to this hypothesis, the composite estrogen binding site is composed of essentially five subsites, and that the structurally different estrogenic prototypes can interact with different set of subsites, and thus differ in their binding orientation. The essential difference in the activity profile of estradiol prototypes and the triarylethylene antiestrogens reveals the possibility of a causal relationship between the binding orientation of a ligand and its activity profile. This model for receptor site can thus serve as a working hypothesis to rationalize the structure‐function relationship of estrogens.
Linewidth and Saturation Parameters for the 6328-Å Transition in a He–Ne Laser (1966)

Experimental measurements of the collision-broadened linewidth and saturation parameters for the 6328-Å transition of Ne in a He–Ne laser are reported as a function of total gas pressure in the laser tube. The measurements are made from observations of the single-mode output power of a laser as a function of frequency. The experimental results are found to fit well a form of Lamb's theory for single-mode operation which has been modified to include gas-collision effects. A theoretical calculation of the saturation parameter is made and the result is found to be in fair agreement with the experimental measurements.
The hierarchy of communication networks in the programmable assembly cell: an experimental framework (1988)

The concept of the programmable assembly cell is introduced. The idea of the distribution is adopted at machine level, and the use of independent intelligent actuators is described. The novel types of communication problems caused by this high-level distribution are examined. A hierarchical communication subsystem consisting of in-cell and in-machine communication networks is presented as a solution. Laboratory equipment built to study these problems is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polynomial time approximation schemes for Euclidean TSP and other geometric problems (2002)

We present a polynomial time approximation scheme for Euclidean TSP in /spl Rfr//sup 2/. Given any n nodes in the plane and /spl epsiv/>0, the scheme finds a (1+/spl epsiv/)-approximation to the optimum traveling salesman tour in time n/sup 0(1//spl epsiv/)/. When the nodes are in /spl Rfr//sup d/, the running time increases to n(O/spl tilde/(log/sup d-2/n)//spl epsiv//sup d-1/) The previous best approximation algorithm for the problem (due to Christofides (1976)) achieves a 3/2-approximation in polynomial time. We also give similar approximation schemes for a host of other Euclidean problems, including Steiner Tree, k-TSP, Minimum degree-k, spanning tree, k-MST, etc. (This list may get longer; our techniques are fairly general.) The previous best approximation algorithms for all these problems achieved a constant-factor approximation. All our algorithms also work, with almost no modification, when distance is measured using any geometric norm (such as l/sub p/ for p/spl ges/1 or other Minkowski norms).
Spectral Correlation-Based Multi-Antenna Spectrum Sensing Technique (2008)

To meet the challenges in sensing the spectrum in a reliable and timely manner, an approach of multi-antenna spectrum sensing based on spectral correlation property is proposed in this paper. Without any prior information of the licensed system, it extracts the frequency-domain channel information from the spectral correlation functions (SCF) of multiple antenna signals, and then generates the SCF of multi-antenna combining (SCF-MAC) over the frequency-cycle frequency plane. The expressions for the detection and false alarm probabilities of a decision based on SCF-MAC are derived for frequency selective channel, which indicate the proposed approach is capable of achieving full spatial diversity in spectrum sensing. Simulation results corroborate the theoretical analysis and show the significant performance improvement.
Anti-AIDS drug development : challenges, strategies, and prospects (1995)

From anti-HIV agents to anti-AIDS chemotherapy - a critical appraisal nucleotides and derivatives iminosugar - glucosidase inhibitors inhibition of HIV protease - a strategy for the treatment of AIDS regulatory proteins of human immunodeficiency virus and therapy CD4 mimetics and analogues antisense oligonucleotide approach for therapy of AIDS resistance to anti-HIV agents for anti-AIDS drug development anti-HIV drug test systems - significance and limitations plant-derived anti-HIV agents HIV-1-specific reverse transcriptase inhibitors small and large polyanionic derivatives.
Purification and Partial Characterization of an Endo-(1→3, 1→4)-<i>β</i>-glucanase from Rice,<i>Oryza sativa</i>L. (1996)

(1→3, 1→4)-β-Glucanase (EC 3.2.1.73), with a molecular weight of 34, 000 and an isoelectric point of 4.9, was purified to homogeneity from extracts of fresh rice bran. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzed (1→3, 1→4)-β-glucans such as barley β-glucan and lichenans, but laminarins and CM-cellulose were not substrates. Endproduct analysis using barley β-glucan as the substrate suggested that the enzyme is an endo-type (1→3, 1→4)-β-glucanase.
GadE (YhiE): a novel activator involved in the response to acid environment in Escherichia coli (2003)

In several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria glutamate decarboxylases play an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in acid environments. Here, new insight is brought to the regulation of the acid response in Escherichia coli. Overexpression of yhiE, similarly to overexpression of gadX, a known regulator of glutamate decarboxylase expression, leads to increased resistance of E. coli strains under high acid conditions, suggesting that YhiE is a regulator of gene expression in the acid response. Target genes of both YhiE (renamed GadE) and GadX were identified by a transcriptomic approach. In vitro experiments with GadE purified protein provided evidence that this regulator binds to the promoter region of these target genes. Several of them are clustered together on the chromosome and this chromosomal organization is conserved in many E. coli strains. Detailed structural (in silico) analysis of this chromosomal region suggests that the promoters of the corresponding genes are preferentially denatured. These results, along with the G+C signature of the chromosomal region, support the existence of a fitness island for acid adaptation on the E. coli chromosome.
The transfer of adaptive immunity to CMV during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is dependent on the specificity and phenotype of CMV-specific T cells in the donor (2009)

The successful reconstitution of adaptive immunity to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients is central to the reduction of viral reactivation-related morbidity and mortality. Here, we characterized the magnitude, specificity, phenotype, function, and clonotypic composition of CMV-specific T-cell responses in 18 donor-recipient pairs both before and after HSCT. The principal findings were: (1) the specificity of CMV-specific T-cell responses in the recipient after HSCT mirrors that in the donor; (2) the maintenance of these targeting patterns reflects the transfer of epitope-specific T-cell clonotypes from donor to recipient; (3) less differentiated CD27(+)CD57(-) CMV-specific memory T cells are more likely to persist in the recipient after HSCT compared with more terminally differentiated CD27(-) CD57(+) CMV-specific memory T cells; (4) the presence of greater numbers of less differentiated CD8(+) CMV-specific T cells in the donor appears to confer protection against viral reactivation in the recipient after HSCT; and (5) CMV-specific T cells acquire a more differentiated phenotype and a restricted functional profile after HSCT. Overall, these findings define the immunologic factors that influence the successful adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T-cell immunity during HSCT, which enables the identification of recipients at particular risk of CMV reactivation after HSCT.
Induced Pain Referral from Posterior Lumbar Elements in Normal Subjects (1979)

Patterns of pain referral, induced from the posterior elements, have been studied in normal volunteer subjects. A series of intracapsular and pericapsular injections were performed at the L1-2 and L4-5 levels. The areas of pain referral indicate overlap between the upper and lower lumbar spine. It is also shown that the pericapsular and intrafacetal pain referral areas are similar and that the upper lumbar spine is more sensitive than the lower.
Infrared spectra of chemisorbed CO on Rh/γ–Al2O3: Site distributions and molecular mobility (1978)

Chemisorption of CO on a 0.92 wt. % Rh/γ-Al2O3 catalyst gave three species of adsorbed CO molecules: Species RhCO, at about 2000 cm−1; species Rh(CO)2, showing a doublet with peak frequencies at 2100 and 2030 cm−1; and a bridged species Rh2CO, leading to a very broad band peaked between 1850 and 1900 cm−1. The thermostability of these adsorbed species is in the sequence Rh2CO≳RhCO≳Rh(CO)2. Only the doublet band of Rh(CO)2 and the very broad band of the bridged species Rh2CO were found on well dispersed Rh metal in its δ phase. The band contours of the RhCO and Rh(CO)2 species were Fourier transformed into the time domain. The result showed that the configuration RhCO was spread over an approximately four times wider distribution of adsorption sites (surface–adsorbed CO interactions) than that of the Rh(CO)2 species. Furthermore, it was shown that the CO molecules adsorbed as RhCO species are ’’floppy,’’ undergoing some type of fast (probably librational) motion with a characteristic time of 0.1×10−12 sec. On the contrary, the CO molecules adsorbed as RH(CO)2 obey a slow modulation regime, with a characteristic time of about 3×10−12 sec. It is pointed out that this greatly different behavior may be of significance with regard to the selectivity and activity of the different catalytic sites as well as to the directional properties of the metal–carbon bond orbitals.
A unified algorithm for designing multidrop teleprocessing networks (1973)

The problem of designing minimum cost multidrop lines which connect remote terminals to a concentrator or a central data processing computer is studied. In some cases, optimal solutions can be obtained by using either linear integer programming or a branch-bound method. These approaches are not practical since they lack flexibility and require an enormous amount of computer time for most practical problems. As a consequence, heuristic algorithms have been developed by various authors. In this paper, we point out that all of these algorithms fall into the class of minimum spanning tree problems, constrained by traffic or response time requirements. The difference between them is mainly the sequential order with which a branch or a line is selected into the tree. Without the constraints, all algorithms converge to a minimum spanning tree. With the constraints, they form different sub-trees. Most of the algorithms can be unified into a modified Kruskal's minimum spanning tree algorithm.
Investigation of Performance in Integrated Access and Backhaul Networks (2018)

Wireless backhaul allows densification of mobile networks without incurring additional fiber deployment cost. This, in turn, leads to high spatial reuse, which is a significant tool to meet increasing wireless demand in 5G networks. Integrated access and backhaul (IAB), where access and backhaul network share the same standard wireless technology (e.g. 5G new radio (NR) standard), allows interoperability among different IAB manufacturers and flexible operation between access and backhaul. This paper investigates joint resource allocation and relay selection in a multi-hop IAB network to maximize geometric mean of UE rates. Our study illustrates several advantages and features of IAB. First, IAB significantly improves UE rates compared to access only networks and can provide an important intermediate solution during incremental fiber deployment. Second, IAB networks with optimal mesh outperforms IAB networks with RSRP based spanning tree both in terms of rate and latency.