gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy and charge transfer in organic light-emitting diodes: A soluble quinacridone study (1999)

A soluble derivative of quinacridone, N,N′-di-isoamyl quinacridone (DIQA), has been synthesized and used to study the mechanisms of Förster energy transfer and charge transfer in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on 8-hydroxyquinoline (Alq3). Quantum efficiencies and spectra were measured for both photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) for films of poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) doped with Alq3 and DIQA. Both PL and EL showed an efficiency enhancement in films of PVK:Alq3:DIQA compared to films of PVK:Alq3. However, the optimal DIQA doping concentration was found to be lower for EL than for PL. Examination of the spectra revealed that more emission originated from DIQA for EL than for PL at a given doping level. We conclude that Förster energy transfer from Alq3 to DIQA occurs in both cases of PL and EL, but that charge transfer to DIQA occurs in the operation of the OLED resulting in additional pathways to DIQA emission. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed that electron transfer from Alq3 to DIQA, hole transfer from PVK to DIQA, and hole transfer from Alq3 to DIQA are all energetically favorable processes. These results suggest that charge transfer is an important mechanism in the efficiency enhancement seen in OLEDs based on a host–dopant scheme, and that both the electronic properties and the optical properties of the dopant material are important parameters for device optimization.
Document computing : technologies for managing electronic document collections (1998)

Preface. 1. Document Lifecycle. 2. Electronic Document Description. 3. Document Production. 4. Document Delivery. 5. Document Publication. 6. Document Discovery. 7. Document Removal. 8. Document Flow. 9. Case Study: Managing Legislation. References.
The Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy (2011)

The mortality for critically ill patients receiving RRT for AKI is high, with two-thirds dying before hospital discharge. The requirement for long-term dialysis was 6.5% of survivors in our series which is much lower than that published elsewhere. Survivors of AKI who regained independent renal function had evidence of lasting renal injury.
Interaction of the RING Finger-related U-box Motif of a Nuclear Dot Protein with Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzymes (2001)

The U-box domain has been suggested to be a modified RING finger motif where the metal-coordinating cysteines and histidines have been replaced with other amino acids. Known U-box-containing proteins have been implicated in the ubiquitin/proteasome system. In a search for proteins interacting with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcM4/UbcH7, we have identified a novel U-box containing protein, termed UIP5, that is exclusively found in the nucleus as part of a nuclear dot-like structure. Interaction between UbcM4 and UIP5 was observed in vivo and in vitro with bacterially expressed proteins. In addition to UbcM4, several other ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) that share the same sequence within the L1 loop bind to UIP5. Mutational analysis showed that the U-box, like the RING finger in other proteins, forms the physical basis for the interaction with E2 enzymes. Further support for the structural similarity between U-box and RING finger comes from the observation that, in both cases, the same regions within the UbcM4 molecule are required for interaction. Our results establish at the molecular level a link between the U-box and the ubiquitin conjugating system and strongly suggest that proteins containing U-box domains are functionally closely related to RING finger proteins.
Hydrophosphination of Unactivated Alkenes, Dienes and Alkynes: A Versatile and Valuable Approach for the Synthesis of Phosphines (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Inflammatory markers and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure among U.S. workers (2008)

Exposure to SHS as measured by serum cotinine may result in increased homocysteine levels among adult workers. These results provide further evidence in support of universal workplace smoking restrictions in order to protect worker health. Further research is required to determine the adverse effects of workplace SHS exposure on cardiovascular risk.
Chemical and environmental sensing (1999)

1 'Many hands make light work'-a perspective on optical fiber from communications to measurement and sensing.- 2 Optical fiber chemical sensor systems and devices.- 3 Sol-gel fiber optic chemical sensors.- 4 Biomedical fiber optic sensors: Problems and prospects.- 5 Fiber optic sensors in environmental monitoring.- 6 Integrated optic sensors.- 7 Fiber optic luminescence thermometry.- 8 Luminescent optical fibers in sensing.- 9 Liquid crystals in optical fiber sensors.- 10 White light interferometric optical fiber sensing techniques.
Seven pitfalls to avoid when running controlled experiments on the web (2009)

Controlled experiments, also called randomized experiments and A/B tests, have had a profound influence on multiple fields, including medicine, agriculture, manufacturing, and advertising. While the theoretical aspects of offline controlled experiments have been well studied and documented, the practical aspects of running them in online settings, such as web sites and services, are still being developed. As the usage of controlled experiments grows in these online settings, it is becoming more important to understand the opportunities and pitfalls one might face when using them in practice. A survey of online controlled experiments and lessons learned were previously documented in Controlled Experiments on the Web: Survey and Practical Guide (Kohavi, et al., 2009). In this follow-on paper, we focus on pitfalls we have seen after running numerous experiments at Microsoft. The pitfalls include a wide range of topics, such as assuming that common statistical formulas used to calculate standard deviation and statistical power can be applied and ignoring robots in analysis (a problem unique to online settings). Online experiments allow for techniques like gradual ramp-up of treatments to avoid the possibility of exposing many customers to a bad (e.g., buggy) Treatment. With that ability, we discovered that it's easy to incorrectly identify the winning Treatment because of Simpson's paradox.
Surprisingly Long‐Range Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) on Au–Ni Multisegmented Nanowires (2009)

Very long range surface-enhanced Raman scattering is observed from a nickel nanowire that is separated by 120 nm from a pair of gold nanodisks. The excitation of the surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) from the gold nanodisk pair generates an enhanced electromagnetic field near the nickel segment (SEM, left), leading to Raman intensity greater than the nickel alone (right).
A 1/2" format two-level CCD imager with 492 × 800 pixels (1985)

RECENTLY, SOLID-STATE IMAGE SENSORS have been improved in imaging characteristics, resulting in increasing applications: For a standard image format imager, chip size reduction from a 2/3” format to a 1/2” format is required for a small video camera body, mass-production and cost reduction. On the other hand, resolution improvement is required for solid state imagers to ensure high quality reproduction.
Group signatures with verifier-local revocation (2004)

Group signatures have recently become important for enabling privacy-preserving attestation in projects such as Microsoft's ngscb effort (formerly Palladium). Revocation is critical to the security of such systems. We construct a short group signature scheme that supports Verifier-Local Revocation (VLR). In this model, revocation messages are only sent to signature verifiers (as opposed to both signers and verifiers). Consequently there is no need to contact individual signers when some user is revoked. This model is appealing for systems providing attestation capabilities. Our signatures are as short as standard RSA signatures with comparable security. Security of our group signature (in the random oracle model) is based on the Strong Diffie-Hellman assumption and the Decision Linear assumption in bilinear groups. We give a precise model for VLR group signatures and discuss its implications.
New approach to determination of total ketone bodies in serum. (1977)

We describe a one-step assay for total ketone bodies in serum. D-BETA-Hydroxybutyrate is enzymatically oxidized by NAD+ to acetoacetate. This thermodynamically unfavorable reaction is driven to completion by coupling it with the enzymatic reduction of pyruvate by NADH. The acetoacetate so formed, as well as the pre-existing acetoacetate, is quantitatively decarboxylated to acetone in a gas chromatograph and measured directly. Thus by a single measurement for acetone, all three ketone bodies are simultaneously determined. In light of the ubiquity of situations associated with augmented ketone body production, the clinical implications of this approach are extensive.
Two-in-One Fuel Combining Sugar Cane with Low Rank Coal and Its CO<sub>2</sub>Reduction Effects in Pulverized-Coal Power Plants (2013)

Coal-fired power plants are facing to two major independent problems, namely, the burden to reduce CO(2) emission to comply with renewable portfolio standard (RPS) and cap-and-trade system, and the need to use low-rank coal due to the instability of high-rank coal supply. To address such unresolved issues, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) with carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been suggested, and low rank coal has been upgraded by high-pressure and high-temperature processes. However, IGCC incurs huge construction costs, and the coal upgrading processes require fossil-fuel-derived additives and harsh operation condition. Here, we first show a hybrid coal that can solve these two problems simultaneously while using existing power plants. Hybrid coal is defined as a two-in-one fuel combining low rank coal with a sugar cane-derived bioliquid, such as molasses and sugar cane juice, by bioliquid diffusion into coal intrapores and precarbonization of the bioliquid. Unlike the simple blend of biomass and coal showing dual combustion behavior, hybrid coal provided a single coal combustion pattern. If hybrid coal (biomass/coal ratio = 28 wt %) is used as a fuel for 500 MW power generation, the net CO(2) emission is 21.2-33.1% and 12.5-25.7% lower than those for low rank coal and designed coal, and the required coal supply can be reduced by 33% compared with low rank coal. Considering high oil prices and time required before a stable renewable energy supply can be established, hybrid coal could be recognized as an innovative low-carbon-emission energy technology that can bridge the gulf between fossil fuels and renewable energy, because various water-soluble biomass could be used as an additive for hybrid coal through proper modification of preparation conditions.
PD-1 expression and clinical PD-1 blockade in B-cell lymphomas (2017)

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade targeting the PD-1 immune checkpoint has demonstrated unprecedented clinical efficacy in the treatment of advanced cancers including hematologic malignancies. This article reviews the landscape of PD-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and current PD-1 blockade immunotherapy trials in B-cell lymphomas. Most notably, in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma, which frequently has increased PD-1<sup>+</sup> tumor-infiltrating T cells, 9p24.1 genetic alteration, and high PD-L1 expression, anti-PD-1 monotherapy has demonstrated remarkable objective response rates (ORRs) of 65% to 87% and durable disease control in phase 1/2 clinical trials. The median duration of response was 16 months in a phase 2 trial. PD-1 blockade has also shown promise in a phase 1 trial of nivolumab in relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, including follicular lymphoma, which often displays abundant PD-1 expression on intratumoral T cells, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which variably expresses PD-1 and PD-L1. In primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, which frequently has 9p24.1 alterations, the ORR was 35% in a phase 2 trial of pembrolizumab. In contrast, the ORR with pembrolizumab was 0% in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 44% in CLL with Richter transformation in a phase 2 trial. T cells from CLL patients have elevated PD-1 expression; CLL PD-1<sup>+</sup> T cells can exhibit a pseudo-exhaustion or a replicative senescence phenotype. PD-1 expression was also found in marginal zone lymphoma but not in mantle cell lymphoma, although currently anti-PD-1 clinical trial data are not available. Mechanisms and predictive biomarkers for PD-1 blockade immunotherapy, treatment-related adverse events, hyperprogression, and combination therapies are discussed in the context of B-cell lymphomas.
Quasistatic modeling of concentric tube robots with external loads (2010)

Concentric tube robots are a subset of continuum robots constructed by combining pre-curved elastic tubes. As the tubes are rotated and translated with respect to each other, their curvatures interact elastically, enabling control of the robot's tip configuration as well as the curvature along its length. This technology is projected to be useful in many types of minimally invasive medical procedures. Because these robots are flexible by design, they deflect considerably when applying forces to the external environment. Thus, in contrast to rigid-link robots, their kinematic and static force models are coupled. This paper derives a multi-tube quasistatic model that relates tube rotations and translations together with externally applied loads to robot shape and tip configuration. The model can be applied in robot design, procedure planning as well as control. For validation, the multi-tube model is compared experimentally to a computationally-efficient single-tube approximate model.
The Effect of Nano-Sized β-Tricalcium Phosphate on Remineralization in Glass Ionomer Dental Luting Cement (2007)

This study aimed to evaluate the anticariogenic and remineralization effects of the glass ionomer dental luting cement containing nano-β-TCP in vitro. The β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) are the components of dental enamel and bone mineral as biological apatites. In addition, β-TCP contains a significant amount of calcium and phosphate, which can promote remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions in animal and human. RelyXTM glass ionomer cement(3M/ESPE, USA) was used as dental luting cement. Film thickness, setting time, and compressive strength was measured for each group of pure glass GIC, 15% nano-β-TCP GIC. Human molars were prepared in box-shaped cavities that were filled with the GIC with and without the 15% nano-β-TCP were placed in 25ml of pH 5.0 acid buffer for 4 days at 37°C. After 4 days, longitudinal sections (1007m) were obtained through the center of each restoration. The sections were analyzed using a scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to identify the change in the enamel surface. A significant difference in the CLSM images between pure GIC and nano-β-TCP-GIC. CLSM allows the demineralized surface layers of sound enamel to be visualized down to approximately 100 μm. The pure GIC specimens had a relatively thick fluorescent layer. On the other hand, the fluorescent layer of the nano-β-TCP-GIC specimens were thinner. The SEM images of micro surfaces demonstrate that nano-β-TCP-GIC is less rough than pure GIC. Therefore, the addition of nano-β-TCP enhanced protection against acid demineralization and promoted remineralization of enamel surface.
Histological findings in rabbits which died with symptoms of mucoid enteritis (1976)

Histological and aetiological similarities between rabbit mucoid enteritis and human ulcerative colitis are briefly discussed. Escherichia coli seems to be associated with the rabbit disease, and treatment aimed at this organism has been followed by a period of 4 years free from mucoid enteritis.
Biocatalytic Synthesis and Characterization of Copolymers Based on Poly(Ethylene Glycol) and Unsaturated Methyl Esters (2005)

Biocatalytic organic synthesis has proved to be a significant breakthrough in the area of polymer synthesis. Environmentally benign methodology and the use of mild reaction conditions are a hallmark of this approach. We have studied the biocatalytic synthesis of unsaturated polyesters under solvent‐less conditions by the condensation copolymerization of dimethyl fumarate and dimethyl maleate with polyethylene glycol (PEG) catalyzed by Novozyme‐435 (immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B). The structures of the resulting polymers, poly(ethylene glycol)‐co‐dimethyl fumarate and poly(ethylene glycol)‐co‐dimethyl maleate were studied from their 1H and 13C‐NMR spectra. The molecular weights of polymers were determined by size exclusion chromatography.
Assessment of pharyngeal airway stability in normal and micrognathic infants (1985)

A current hypothesis for obstructive sleep apnea states that 1) negative airway pressure during inspiration can collapse the pharyngeal airway, and 2) neural control of pharyngeal airway-dilating muscles is important in preventing this collapse. To test this hypothesis we performed nasal mask occlusions to increase negative pharyngeal airway pressures during inspiration in eight normal and five micrognathic infants. Both groups developed midinspiratory pharyngeal obstruction, but obstruction was more frequent in micrognathic infants and varied in some infants with sleep state. The airway usually reopened with the subsequent expiration. The occasional failure to reopen was presumably due to pharyngeal wall adhesion. If airway obstruction occurred in sequential breaths during multiple-breath nasal mask occlusions in normal infants, there was a breath-by-breath change in the airway pressure associated with airway closure (airway closing pressure); the airway closing pressure became progressively more negative. Micrognathic infants showed less ability to improve the airway closing pressure, but this ability increased with age. These findings suggest that nasal mask occlusion can test the competence of the neuromuscular mechanisms that maintain pharyngeal airway patency in infants. Micrognathic infants had spontaneous midinspiratory pharyngeal airway obstructions during snoring. Their episodes of obstructive apnea began with midinspiratory pharyngeal obstruction similar to that seen during snoring and nasal mask occlusions. These findings imply a similar pathophysiology for snoring, spontaneous airway obstruction, and obstruction during snoring.
A cost effective 2-D adaptive block size IDCT architecture for HEVC standard (2013)

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the currently developing video coding standard by the MPEG and ITU organizations. Unlike previous video codec standards, HEVC employs variable block size integer DCT/IDCT to conduct spatial redundancy compression. In this paper, a novel 2-D IDCT VLSI architecture for HEVC standard is presented. Using adaptive block size scheduling scheme, the proposed architecture supports variable block size IDCT from 4×4 to 32×32 pixels with low hardware overhead while keeping the highest performance. Using TSMC 65nm 1P9M technology, the synthesis result shows that the 2-D architecture achieves the maximum work frequency at 400MHz and the hardware cost is about 112.5K Gates. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture is able to deal with real-time adaptive HEVC IDCT of 4K×2K (4096×2048)@30fps video sequence at 179.4MHz. In consequence, it offers a cost-effective solution for the future UHD applications.
Low activation energy dehydrogenation of aqueous formic acid on platinum–ruthenium–bismuth oxide at near ambient temperature and pressure (2009)

Highly selective dehydrogenation of formic acid in water was observed at near ambient temperature on a metal/metal oxide catalyst composed of platinum ruthenium and bismuth with a low activation energy of 37.3 kJ mol(-1).
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand, troglitazone sensitizes breast cancer cells to tamoxifen-induced apoptosis (2007)

C3 Blockade of estrogen receptor by tamoxifen has been considered as a promising therapeutic approach in breast cancer therapy. However, since not all tumor cells are sensitive to tamoxifen, there is a need for the development of strategies to overcome tamoxifen-resistance. Recent it has been known that estrogen receptor binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) response element and negatively interferes with PPARγ signaling in breast cancer cells. Here we firstly wished to determine whether estrogen receptor (ER) affects on PPARγ agonist, troglitazone-induced cell death in human breast cancer cells. Troglitazone caused cell death in both ER-positive MCF-7 and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 in a dose-dependent manner, but the response is different. At sensitivity MCF-7 for troglitazone was lower than MDA-MB-231, indicating that ER affects on trogitazone-induced cell death in MCF-7. MCF-7 also showed resistance to troglitazone- induced G1 cell arrest compared to MDA-MB-231. Moreover, the different sensitivities of troglitazone -induced growth arrest in MCF-7 are abolished by treatment of siRNA of PPARγ. These results show that ER inhibits PPARγ-dependently anti-tumor actions of PPARγ agonist, trogitazone on breast cancer cells. Therefore, we secondly studied whether PPARγ agonist, trogitazone, sensitizes breast cancer cells to tamoxifen-induced apoptosis. As we expected, the concentration of tamoxifen inducing apoptosis was lowered by co-stimulation with troglitazone compared to single treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that troglitazone sensitizes breast cancer cells to tamoxifen-induced apoptosis.
Quercetin, a main flavonoid in onion, inhibits the PGF2α-induced uterine contraction in vitro and in vivo (2015)

Dysmenorrhoea is considered to be caused by excessive levels of prostaglandins, which stimulate abnormal uterine contractions. This study aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of quercetin that is a main flavonoid in onion on uterine contractility and its possible underlying mechanisms. In vitro and in vivo contractile activities of the uteri were determined using uterine horns isolated from adult rats. The results indicated that (1) for contractions induced by PGF2α-, oxytocin-, and carbachol, quercetin showed the most potent suppressing effect among the tested flavonoids; (2) Ca2+-dependent uterine contractions were inhibited by quercetin; (3) quercetin reduced the PGF2α-elicited Ca2+ responses in human uterine smooth muscle cells; (4) quercetin inhibited uterine contractions stimulated by Ca2+ channel activator and depolarisation in response to high K+; (5) quercetin was able to block Ca2+ influx through voltage-operated Ca2+ channels in plasma membrane; and (6) quercetin effectively reduced PGF2α-induced contractions through the administration of increasing doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg in rats. The present findings suggest that onion's major active compound, quercetin, may be a potential adjuvant for treating uterine disorders.