gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Predict Pelvic Recurrence in Patients with Rectal Cancer Treated with Chemoradiation (2005)

An association between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway and response of cancer cells to ionizing radiation has been reported. Recently, a polymorphic variant in the EGFR gene that leads to an arginine-to-lysine substitution in the extracellular domain at codon 497 within subdomain IV of EGFR has been identified. The variant EGFR (HER-1 497K) may lead to attenuation in ligand binding, growth stimulation, tyrosine kinase activation, and induction of proto-oncogenes myc, fos, and jun. A (CA)(n) repeat polymorphism in intron 1 of the EGFR gene that alters EGFR expression in vitro and in vivo has also been described. In the current pilot study, we assessed both polymorphisms in 59 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy using PCR-RFLP and a 5'-end [gamma-(33)P]ATP-labeled PCR protocol. We tested whether either polymorphism alone or in combination can be associated with local recurrence in the setting of chemoradiation treatment. We found that patients with HER-1 497 Arg/Arg genotype or lower number of CA repeats (both alleles <20) tended to have a higher risk of local recurrence (P = 0.24 and 0.31, respectively). Combined analysis showed the highest risk for local recurrence was seen in patients who possessed both a HER-1 497 Arg allele and <20 CA repeats (P = 0.05, log-rank test). Our data suggest that the HER-1 R497K and EGFR intron 1 (CA)(n) repeat polymorphisms may be potential indicators of radiosensitivity in patients with rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation.
Sperm Transfer in Normal and Gamma-Irradiated, Laboratory-Reared Mediterranean Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1990)

Normal, unirradiated females of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were mated with normal or gamma-irradiated males. In natural uninterrupted matings, mean durations in copula for normal males and irradiated males were about 120 and 108 min, respectively. Ten to 38% of the females were not inseminated. Eighty to 99% of the sperm were found in spermathecae after 2 h of mating. Few or no sperm were found in the bursa copulatrix, oviducts, or accessory gland. Mean numbers of sperm per female were about 1,780 and 990 for normal and irradiated males, respectively. A power equation was used to relate duration of copula to number of sperm in the spermathecae. Results are discussed with respect to the sterile insect technique and development of quality control parameters.
Lightness dependency of chroma scales of a nonlinear color‐appearance model and its latest formulation (1995)

Abstract It has been noticed that the lightness dependency of equal chroma loci of the nonlinear color‐appearance model already reported deviates markedly from that of equal Chroma loci of the Munsell scheme. to solve this problem, the new chroma C N of the model is proposed by applying the correction of lightness L A to the chroma C previously used. the chroma C is now used to predict the saturation of the newly revised model. the introduction of C N improves significantly the agreement of lightness dependency between the model chroma, the Munsell Chroma, and the NCS chromaticness at various lightness levels. the formulation for the revised nonlinear colorappearance model is given in the Appendix.
Cleavage of lymphocyte surface antigens CD2, CD4, and CD8 by polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G in patients with cystic fibrosis. (1995)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) accumulating in airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) as a response to chronic endobronchial bacterial lung infection, release lysosomal serine proteinases such as PMN-elastase at concentrations of approximately 0.5 microM to 5 microM into the airway lumen. Immunohistology of CF lung material and fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis of sequential CF bronchoalveolar lavages demonstrated loss of the CD4 and CD8 Ag on CD3+ T lymphocytes in sputum-filled airways. In 10 CF sputum samples 1.0%, 19.1%, and 15.7% of all CD3+ T lymphocytes expressed CD4, CD8, and CD2, respectively. Incubation of CF sputum supernatant fluids with peripheral blood T lymphocytes resulted in total reduction of CD4 and CD8 but not CD2. Addition of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor abolished surface Ag cleavage completely. Purified PMN-elastase and cathepsin G cleaved CD2, CD4, and CD8 on peripheral blood T lymphocytes at proteinase concentrations of 0.83 to 8.3 microM in a dose-dependent manner. Cleaved CD4 and CD8 were reexpressed on the surface of T lymphocytes after 24 h in the absence of PMN-elastase. Incubation of a CD4+ T cell clone with PMN-elastase lead to a significant reduction of cytotoxicity toward target cells and significantly reduced IL-2 and IL-4 production. The results suggest a temporary functional impairment of T lymphocytes in foci of high inflammation characterized by stimulated PMN, which may lower tissue destruction.
5-Fluorouracil and oxaliplatin modify the expression profiles of microRNAs in human colon cancer cells in vitro. (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently taken center stage in the field of human molecular oncology. Most of the chemotherapeutics are able to interfere with nucleic acid metabolism and gene expression. The purpose of this study was to determine how 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (L-OHP) modify the expression profiles of miRNAs in HCT-8 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells and whether the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of the chemotherapeutics could rely in part on their influence on miRNA expression. The expression profiles of miRNAs were determined using a miRNA microarray containing 856 human miRNA probes. The expression of selected miRNAs was then validated by real-time RT-PCR. Fifty-six up- and 50 down-regulations of miRNA expression with statistical significance were identified in colon cancer cells following exposure to 5-FU or L-OHP compared to matched control cells. The down-regulations of miR-197, miR-191, miR-92a, miR-93, miR-222 and miR-1826, whose expression was significantly down-regulated in both cell lines after the treatment of one drug or in one cell line following exposure to either drug, were further validated. Analysis of the relevant literature indicated that, in line with the tumor suppressive activity of 5-FU and L-OHP, the six down-regulated miRNAs might function as oncogenes due to their overexpression in cancers, and some of them correlated with the poor prognosis and treatment-resistance of cancer. In conclusion, we identify the modification of miRNA expression profiles in colon cancer cells following exposure to 5-FU and L-OHP, and our results indicate that their pharmacodynamic mechanisms could rely in part on their influence on the down-regulated miRNA expression. Further studies are needed to determine whether these miRNAs and their target genes might potentially provide for novel molecular markers and act as novel targets for treatment by interference.
Analysis of a Reservation Multiple Access Technique for Data Transmission Via Satellites (1979)

A new reservation-based time-division multiple access scheme is proposed. This scheme is analyzed as a cyclic-multiqueue attended by a single server, with attention being focused on an imbedded process obtained by examining the system at special epochs located at the beginnings of each cycle. The resulting functional equation is solved by simplification using an independence assumption. The mean and standard deviation of queue sizes (at the epochs) and cycle times thus obtained are verified, for the special case of Poisson arrivals, using a GPSS-V simulation model.
Emergence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> in North America (2009)

We report on three cases of meningococcal disease caused by ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis, one in North Dakota and two in Minnesota. The cases were caused by the same serogroup B strain. To assess local carriage of resistant N. meningitidis, we conducted a pharyngeal-carriage survey and isolated the resistant strain from one asymptomatic carrier. Sequencing of the gene encoding subunit A of DNA gyrase (gyrA) revealed a mutation associated with fluoroquinolone resistance and suggests that the resistance was acquired by means of horizontal gene transfer with the commensal N. lactamica. In susceptibility testing of invasive N. meningitidis isolates from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance system between January 2007 and January 2008, an additional ciprofloxacin-resistant isolate was found, in this case from California. Ciprofloxacin-resistant N. meningitidis has emerged in North America.
Impact of Feeding a Raw Soybean Hull-Condensed Corn Steep Liquor Pellet on Induced Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Lactating Cows (2002)

We used four ruminally cannulated, multiparous Holstein cows (690 kg; 21 kg/d milk) in a 2-period crossover design to determine the impact of feeding a raw soybean hull-corn steep liquor pellet (SHSL) on induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in lactating cows. Cows were fed control [30% alfalfa hay, 15% corn silage, 34% corn, 9% whole cottonseed, 5% soybean meal (SBM)] or SHSL (20% of diet DM) diets as TMR. SHSL replaced 6.2% alfalfa hay, 3.7% corn silage, 6.6% corn, and 3.3% SBM. Periods were 15 d (10 d adaptation, 2 d for prechallenge measures, and 3 d of SARA challenge). Cows were fed once daily at a common DMI dictated by the cow consuming the least. Cows were fasted 12 h before the first SARA challenge. For each of the three SARA challenges, cows were offered 75% of their daily diet at 0600 h. The remaining 25% of diet DM was replaced by ground corn, which was mixed with the orts that remained 2 h after feeding and placed into the rumen. Ruminal pH declined linearly with time after feeding, and this decrease was greater during the SARA challenges. Ruminal lactate increased linearly with repeated SARA challenges. Concentrations of total ruminal VFA increased linearly after feeding, and increases were greater when cows were challenged. No differences were observed due to SHSL inclusion. The model induced SARA, but partial replacement of alfalfa, corn silage, corn, and SBM by SHSL did not influence responses to SARA challenges.
Current Status of Mid-infrared Semiconductor-Laser-based Sensor Technologies for Trace-Gas Sensing Applications (2013)

The development of highly sensitive and selective optical sensor systems using tunable semiconductor-laser-based spectroscopic trace-gas detection techniques is reported in this chapter. The quantitative detection and monitoring of tracegas molecules in real-world applications such as atmospheric chemistry, pollution monitoring, and industrial process control in most cases require the targeting of fundamental vibrational-rotational (V-T) molecular absorption bands located between the 3- and 24-μm wavelengths. The mid-infrared fundamental absorption bands of several small molecules of potential interest for trace-gas monitoring are shown in this chapter. within two mid-infrared atmospheric transmission windows. The upper panel shows absorption spectra in the atmospheric window between the bending fundamental of water centered at around 1600 cm-1 and the water OH stretches starting above 3200 cm-1. The lower panel shows absorption spectra in the atmospheric window below the water bending fundamental. The logarithmic ordinate scales are the integrated intensities of the lines on a per-molecule basis. These spectral regions can be covered by narrow-linewidth and high-performance semiconductor lasers, in particular quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and interband cascade lasers (ICLs). Therefore, trace-gas optical spectroscopic sensors using a QCL or ICL as an excitation source are responsible for improving the spectral resolution of the measurements and achieving real time, continuous ultrasensitive detection of trace-gas molecular species at the concentration levels from the percent level down to parts per trillion (ppt). In this chapter the spectroscopic detection and monitoring of various specific molecular species, such as ethane (C2H6), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are described. All of these molecules were detected based on three different detection techniques: tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), conventional photoacoustic spectroscopy (CPAS), and quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS). Other ultrasensitive and highly selective spectroscopic techniques that are employed by research groups for trace-gas detection include: balanced detection, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), noise immune cavity enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS), Faraday rotation spectroscopy (FRS), and frequency comb spectroscopy.These spectroscopic techniques can achieve minimum detectable absorption losses in the range from 10-8 to 10-11 cm-1/Hz. The choice of an optimum detection technique depends on the requirements of the specific application and the characteristic features of the single-mode-operated infrared laser source, such as available optical power, tunable wavelength, or beam quality. Moreover, to perform gas detection measurements, various parameters such as gas pressure and modulation depth also need to be optimized.
Mitotic Phosphorylation of Golgi Reassembly Stacking Protein 55 by Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase ERK2 (2001)

The role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK)/extracellular-activated protein kinase (ERK) pathway in mitotic Golgi disassembly is controversial, in part because Golgi-localized targets have not been identified. We observed that Golgi reassembly stacking protein 55 (GRASP55) was phosphorylated in mitotic cells and extracts, generating a mitosis-specific phospho-epitope recognized by the MPM2 mAb. This phosphorylation was prevented by mutation of ERK consensus sites in GRASP55. GRASP55 mitotic phosphorylation was significantly reduced, both in vitro and in vivo, by treatment with U0126, a potent and specific inhibitor of MKK and thus ERK activation. Furthermore, ERK2 directly phosphorylated GRASP55 on the same residues that generated the MPM2 phospho-epitope. These results are the first demonstration of GRASP55 mitotic phosphorylation and indicate that the MKK/ERK pathway directly phosphorylates the Golgi during mitosis.
Derivation of potentials for the rare-earth fluorides, and the calculation of lattice and intrinsic defect properties (2000)

A detailed reappraisal of the computer modelling of the rare-earth fluorides is presented. A new set of interionic potentials is obtained by empirical fitting to crystal structural data alone. These potentials are then tested by calculation of elastic and dielectric constants, whose values agree favourably with those measured experimentally. Calculations are then presented of the basic defect formation energies for each material, and predictions of the expected type of intrinsic disorder made.
Room temperature GaN-GaAs direct bonding by argon-beam surface activation (2007)

A room temperature direct bonding using surface activation by argon (Ar)-beam sputtering was applied to the bonding between gallium nitride (GaN) and gallium arsenide (GaAs). The silicon doped n-type GaN films used in this experiment were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on (0001) sapphire substrates. The GaN film thickness is 3 μm with a surface roughness of approximately 0.22 nm (R<sub>a</sub>) as measured by atomic force microscopy. The silicon doped n-type GaAs (100) wafers with a surface roughness of approximately 0.34 nm (R<sub>a</sub>) were used as GaAs substrates. The GaN and GaAs samples were cleaned by sputtering with a 1.5 keV Ar-fast atom beam with 15 mA in the vacuum chamber (background pressure: 1.3×10<sup>-5</sup>~4.0×10<sup>-4</sup> Pa). Then, the samples were brought into contact as quickly as possible with a load of 735 N at room temperature. After this process, GaN films were successfully bonded to GaAs substrates without any heat treatment. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy showed that most of the interface area was well bonded. The bonding strength was evaluated by die-shear tests. Although all samples were visibly separated from the interface rather than in the bulk region after die-shear tests, the estimated die-shear strength of GaN/GaAs structures was 1.5 -7 MPa. The advantage of our process is free from the various problems caused by the large thermal expansion mismatch during heat treatment in the conventional fusion bonding.
Isolation of a Tenascin-R Binding Protein from Mouse Brain Membranes (1997)

We have isolated a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan from mouse brain by affinity chromatography with a fragment of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-R (TN-R) that comprises the amino-terminal cysteine-rich stretch and the 4.5 epidermal growth factor-like repeats. The isolated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan has a molecular mass of 500-600 kDa and carries the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope. Treatment with chondroitinase ABC reveals a major band of approximately 400 kDa and two minor bands at 200 and 150 kDa. Immunoblot analysis relates the molecule to phosphacan but not to the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans neurocan and versican. Binding of the phosphacan-related molecule to the epidermal growth factor-like repeats of TN-R is Ca2+-dependent. Co-localization of the molecule with TN-R in the retina and optic nerve by immunocytochemistry suggests a functional relationship between the two molecules in vivo. Inhibition of neurite outgrowth from hippocampal neurons by the phosphacan-related molecule in vitro is neutralized by TN-R when coated as a uniform substrate. Furthermore, the phosphacan-related molecule neutralizes growth cone repulsion induced by TN-R coated as a sharp substrate boundary with or without prior treatment with chondroitinase ABC. These observations indicate that TN-R can interact with a phosphacan-related molecule and thereby modulate its inhibitory influence on neuritogenesis.
A Simple Method for Preparing Fibrinogen (1966)

Summary A simple new procedure is reported for the isolation of canine, bovine, porcine, and human fibrinogen. Two molar β-alanine is used to precipitate fibrinogen from barium sulfate adsorbed plasma. The procedure is characterized by dependability and high yields. The material is 95% to 98% clottable protein but still contains impurities such as plasminogen and fibrin-stabilizing factor. Plasminogen may be removed by adsorption with charcoal. The fibrinogen preparations exhibit marked stability to freezing, lyophilization, and dialysis. Epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid which were also studied have the property of precipitating proteins from plasma but lack the specificity for fibrinogen found with β-alanine.
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Cyt1Aa synergizes Cry11Aa toxin by functioning as a membrane-bound receptor (2005)

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produces crystal proteins, Cry (4Aa, 4Ba, 10Aa, and 11Aa) and Cyt (1Aa and 2Ba) proteins, toxic to mosquito vectors of human diseases. Cyt1Aa overcomes insect resistance to Cry11Aa and Cry4 toxins and synergizes the toxicity of these toxins. However, the molecular mechanism of synergism remains unsolved. Here, we provide evidence that Cyt1Aa functions as a receptor of Cry11Aa. Sequential-binding analysis of Cyt1Aa and Cry11Aa revealed that Cyt1Aa binding to Aedes aegypti brush border membrane vesicles enhanced the binding of biotinylated-Cry11Aa. The Cyt1Aa- and Cry11Aa-binding epitopes were mapped by means of the yeast two-hybrid system, peptide arrays, and heterologous competition assays with synthetic peptides. Two exposed regions in Cyt1Aa, loop beta6-alphaE and part of beta7, bind Cry11Aa. On the other side, Cry11Aa binds Cyt1Aa proteins by means of domain II-loop alpha8 and beta-4, which are also involved in midgut receptor interaction. Characterization of single-point mutations in Cry11Aa and Cyt1Aa revealed key Cry11Aa (S259 and E266) and Cyt1Aa (K198, E204 and K225) residues involved in the interaction of both proteins and in synergism. Additionally, a Cyt1Aa loop beta6-alphaE mutant (K198A) with enhanced synergism to Cry11Aa was isolated. Data provided here strongly indicates that Cyt1Aa synergizes or suppresses resistance to Cry11Aa toxin by functioning as a membrane-bound receptor. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is a highly effective pathogenic bacterium because it produces a toxin and also its functional receptor, promoting toxin binding to the target membrane and causing toxicity.
Atypical x-linked chronic granulomatous disease (2003)

Introduction: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited phagocyte disorder caused by mutations in nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits. Phagocytic cells of CGD patients are unable to produce superoxide anions and their efficiency in bacterial killing is significantly impaired. It results in a susceptibility to infections of catalase-positive bacteria and fungi (especially Aspergillus species). Severe and recurrent skin infections and lymph node abscesses are the most common manifestations of CGD during early childhood. Intrahepatic abscesses occur later on.
Tears of cruciate ligaments and menisci: evaluation with cine MR imaging. (1991)

A cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technique, involving the acquisition of kinematic sagittal images during knee movement, was used to evaluate 52 symptomatic knee joints. Results were compared with those obtained by means of static three-dimensional (3D) MR imaging. Twenty-seven of the 28 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and 22 of 24 normal ligaments were correctly identified at cine MR imaging for a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 92%. Static 3D MR imaging yielded a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 88%. All four posterior cruciate ligament tears were identified at cine and 3D MR imaging. For meniscal tears, cine MR imaging yielded a sensitivity of 48% and a specificity of 96%; the sensitivity and specificity for 3D MR imaging were 71% and 96%, respectively. Cine MR imaging proved to be more useful than static MR imaging in assessing the tightness of cruciate ligaments, especially of those that were partially torn, and in assessing the movement of meniscal-free fragments. The increased information obtained with cine MR imaging may warrant continued investigation and clinical application.
A comparative evaluation of bovine-derived xenograft (Bio-Oss Collagen) and type I collagen membrane (Bio-Gide) with bovine-derived xenograft (Bio-Oss Collagen) and fibrin fibronectin sealing system (TISSEEL) in the treatment of intrabony defects: A clinico-radiographic study (2014)

Both groups showed potential for enhancing the periodontal regeneration with no statistically significant between the two groups; however, on comparison the Bio-Oss Collagen and TISSEEL group were slightly better.