gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and comparison of properties of the C-terminus truncated agarase of Pseudomonas sp. W7 (2003)

Three plasmids derived from the β-agarase gene (pjaA) of Pseudomonas sp. W7 were expressed in Escherichia coli AD494(DE3) pLysS with lactose as an inducer. These products corresponded to the complete (PjaA) and the two C-terminal truncated (PjaAI and PjaAII) forms of β-agarase. The PjaAI and the PjaAII were originated from exonuclease III treatment from PjaA by deleting 127 and 182 amino acid residues-encoded nucleic acids at 3' region, respectively. The molecular weights of the purified proteins were 71 kDa, 58 kDa, and 50 kDa on SDS-PAGE, respectively. The K m value of PjaAI was lower than that of the PjaA, and the catalytic efficiency (k cat /K m ) of PjaAI was increased to 5 times. The enzyme of PjaAI retained more than 90% activity at 50C. In contrast to the PjaAI, the remaining activity of the PjaA was only 20% at the same temperature.
Focal sweep videography with deformable optics (2013)

A number of cameras have been introduced that sweep the focal plane using mechanical motion. However, mechanical motion makes video capture impractical and is unsuitable for long focal length cameras. In this paper, we present a focal sweep telephoto camera that uses a variable focus lens to sweep the focal plane. Our camera requires no mechanical motion and is capable of sweeping the focal plane periodically at high speeds. We use our prototype camera to capture EDOF videos at 20fps, and demonstrate space-time refocusing for scenes with a wide depth range. In addition, we capture periodic focal stacks, and show how they can be used for several interesting applications such as video refocusing and trajectory estimation of moving objects.
The rubella virus RNA binding activity of human calreticulin is localized to the N-terminal domain (1995)

The rubella virus RNA 3' cis-acting element, which is essential for viral negative-strand RNA synthesis, is specifically bound by autophosphorylated calreticulin. Autophosphorylation in recombinant human calreticulin occurs on serine and threonine residues. The RNA-binding and autophosphorylation activities were localized to the N-terminal 180 amino acids. Furthermore, N-terminal deletions revealed that the RNA-binding activity of calreticulin is abrogated upon deletion of the first 10 residues, whereas the autophosphorylation activity resides between amino acids 60 and 180. These results indicate that both the rubella virus RNA-binding and autophosphorylation activities of calreticulin are present in the N-terminal domain.
Tendon hypertrophy is associated with increased hydroxylation of nonhelical lysine residues at two specific cross-linking sites in type I collagen. (1993)

This study was designed to investigate whether the changes in lysine hydroxylation known to occur in hypertrophic tendon occur randomly or at specific lysine residues in the type I collagen molecule. Peptides corresponding to the two known major cross-linking sites of type I collagen (a lysine (or hydroxylysine) at position 9N cross-linked to a hydroxylysine at 930 and a lysine (or hydroxylysine) at position 16C cross-linked to a hydroxylysine at position 87) were prepared by collagenase digestion, size fractionation, and separation by high performance liquid chromatography from normal chicken tendon and from chicken tendon subjected to increased tensile load as a result of muscle hypertrophy. The ratio of the difunctional cross-links dihydroxylysinonorleucine to hydroxylysinonorleucine in normal tendon is 0.75:1; this ratio is increased to 6:1 in hypertrophic tendon. The dihydroxylysinonorleucine to hydroxylysinonorleucine ratio is increased to the same extent in samples of the purified cross-linked peptides derived from both the N-terminal and C-terminal lysine aldehyde residues. On the other hand, the relative hydroxylysine content of preparations of the pooled larger helical peptides obtained by cyanogen bromide digestion of normal and hypertrophic tendons was essentially identical. These results demonstrate that there is a specific increase in hydroxylation of only the N- and C-terminal non-helical lysine residues that participate in the formation of the reducible difunctional cross-links of type I collagen in hypertrophic tendon, while the extent of hydroxylation of lysine residues in the helical regions is not affected. The specific mechanism by which the enzyme lysyl hydroxylase acting on its substrate can distinguish between lysine residues destined to be in non-helical versus helical regions in a nascent collagenous peptide that has not yet attained its final secondary structure remains to be defined.
Polystyrene Chain Growth from Di-End-Functional Polyolefins for Polystyrene-Polyolefin-Polystyrene Block Copolymers (2017)

Triblock copolymers of polystyrene (PS) and a polyolefin (PO), e.g., PS-<i>block</i>-poly(ethylene-<i>co</i>-1-butene)-<i>block</i>-PS (SEBS), are attractive materials for use as thermoplastic elastomers and are produced commercially by a two-step process that involves the costly hydrogenation of PS-<i>block</i>-polybutadiene-<i>block</i>-PS. We herein report a one-pot strategy for attaching PS chains to both ends of PO chains to construct PS-<i>block</i>-PO-<i>block</i>-PS directly from olefin and styrene monomers. Dialkylzinc compound containing styrene moieties ((CH₂=CHC₆H₄CH₂CH₂)₂Zn) was prepared, from which poly(ethylene-<i>co</i>-propylene) chains were grown via "coordinative chain transfer polymerization" using the pyridylaminohafnium catalyst to afford di-end functional PO chains functionalized with styrene and Zn moieties. Subsequently, PS chains were attached at both ends of the PO chains by introduction of styrene monomers in addition to the anionic initiator Me₃SiCH₂Li·(pmdeta) (pmdeta = pentamethyldiethylenetriamine). We found that the fraction of the extracted PS homopolymer was low (~20%) and that molecular weights were evidently increased after the styrene polymerization (Δ<i>M</i><sub>n</sub> = 27⁻54 kDa). Transmission electron microscopy showed spherical and wormlike PS domains measuring several tens of nm segregated within the PO matrix. Optimal tensile properties were observed for the sample containing a propylene mole fraction of 0.25 and a styrene content of 33%. Finally, in the cyclic tensile test, the prepared copolymers exhibited thermoplastic elastomeric properties with no breakage up over 10 cycles, which is comparable to the behavior of commercial-grade SEBS.
Rotational molding of two‐layered polyethylene foams (2001)

Abstract Rotational molding of polyethylene foams has increasingly become an important process in industry because of its resultant thicker walls, low sound transfer, high stiffness, and good thermal insulation. This report assesses the rotomoldability of two‐layer polyethylene foamed parts. The polymeric material used in this study was linear low‐density polyethylene and the foaming material was an endothemic chemical blowing agent. Two different molding methods, by powder and by pellet, were used to mold the multilayer foamed parts. Rotational molding experiments were carried out in a laboratory scale uniaxial machine, capable of measuring internal mold temperature in the cycle. Characterization of molded part properties was performed after molding. Optical microscopy was also employed to determine the bubble distribution in foamed parts. The final goal of this study was to investigate how the blowing agent and processing conditions can influence the process of rotational molding and the final product quality. It was found that the rotational molding of two‐layer polyethylene foams produced parts of better impact properties, as well as fine outside surfaces. In addition, rotational molding of foamed parts by pellets saves the cost of powder grinding, but is counteracted by uneven inner surfaces. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 108–115, 2001
Selective Cavitand-Mediated Endocytosis of Targeted Imaging Agents into Live Cells (2013)

A water-soluble synthetic receptor molecule is capable of selective, controlled endocytosis of a specifically tagged target molecule in different types of living human cells. The presence of suitable choline-derived binding handles is essential for the molecular recognition and transport process, allowing selective guest transport and imaging of cancer cells.
Hyperspectral image acquisition and analysis of skin (2003)

Hyperspectral imaging of skin combines the spectral information of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with the spatial information of 2D imaging. Skin chromophore maps can be reconstructed in which features such as pigmented lesions, diffuse and localized erythema, areas of increased blood stasis, etc. could be identified and the relative parameters quantified. Hyperspectral imaging is the only reliable method to produce a quantitative distribution map of chromophores contributing to the color appearance of the skin.
Real-time EEG analysis with subject-specific spatial patterns for a brain-computer interface (BCI) (2000)

Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings during right and left motor imagery allow one to establish a new communication channel for, e.g., patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Such an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) can be used to develop a simple binary response for the control of a device. Three subjects participated in a series of on-line sessions to test if it is possible to use common spatial patterns to analyze EEG in real time in order to give feedback to the subjects. Furthermore, the classification accuracy that can be achieved after only three days of training was investigated. The patterns are estimated from a set of multichannel EEG data by the method of common spatial patterns and reflect the specific activation of cortical areas. By construction, common spatial patterns weight each electrode according to its importance to the discrimination task and suppress noise in individual channels by using correlations between neighboring electrodes. Experiments with three subjects resulted in an error rate of 2, 6 and 14% during on-line discrimination of left- and right-hand motor imagery after three days of training and make common spatial patterns a promising method for an EEG-based brain-computer interface.
Automated detection of respiratory phases by acoustical means (2002)

Detection of respiratory phases by airflow measurement has been used in swallowing and respiration studies. However, applying the traditional airflow measurement techniques in studies on children with significant neurological impairments is very difficult and may hamper the entire assessment. This paper proposes a noninvasive method based on the use of respiratory sounds as an alternative technique of airflow measurement. Respiratory sounds were recorded from 11 healthy children and 6 healthy adults with accelerometers placed over trachea and five locations of the anterior chest. The average power spectra of known inspiration and expiration were calculated for each signal. The best recording site on the chest was determined by the greatest difference in average power between respiratory phases. The best recording site was found on the left side for 69% and on the right side for 31% of our subjects' population. A custom written program used the sound signal from trachea and the best site on the chest to detect the respiratory phases. The results were compared with airflow, which was measured simultaneous to the breath sounds, and showed a reliable match for the detected phases.
In vitro evaluation of opsonic and cellular granulocyte function by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence: utility in patients with severe neutropenia and cellular deficiency states (1978)

Actively phagocytizing polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) emit light or chemiluminescence (CL) which has been shown to be linked to the oxidative activity of the PMN. The measurement of CL has been demonstrated to be a useful tool for the in vitro assessment of intracellular and opsonophagocytic function of PMN. We have increased the sensitivity of the CL measurement by the addition of luminol to the in vitro reaction of PMN, bacteria, and serum. The presence of luminol, which can be oxidized to emit light, amplifies the detection of CL and PMN cellular activity. This amplification effectively reduces the number of PMN that are necessary for assessment of PMN function from 1 x 10(7) to as low as 2 x 10(4) PMN/assay and permits the evaluation of PMN function in severely neutropenic patients (100 PMN/mm3) in whom cellular PMN function has been heretofore extremely difficult to assess by other methodology. When this luminol-dependent CL method was used, three of eight neutropenic leukemic patients with gram-negative septicemia were found to have deficient opsonic activity and/or increased or depressed cellular oxidative activity. Because the initial slope of CL is dependent on the amount of serum and heat-labile factors, this method can also be used effectively as a simple technique for the analysis of specific rates of opsonophagocytosis of various microorganisms. Additionally, this method can detect the cellular PMN abnormalities of chronic granulomatous disease and myeloperoxidase deficiency. The luminol-dependent CL method is a simple, sensitive, reproducible technique that provides useful information about PMN metabolic activity, particularly in studies in which the number of PMN is limited.
Cell cycle-dependent modulation of <i>O<sup>6</sup></i>-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferse in C3H/10T1/2 cells (1986)

O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was measured in partially synchronized cultures of C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells as a function of cell cycle. The degree of synchrony and progression of the cell cycle were monitored by flow cytometry. The MGMT level was significantly reduced prior to the onset of S-phase. This reduction was concomitant with the inhibition of in vivo repair of O6-methylguanine in DNA of S-phase cells as observed earlier. The recovery of the MGMT level paralleled the progression of synchronized cells into G2. S-phase cells purified by cell sorting contained approximately 15% of the MGMT present in G0 or early G1 cells. A comparison of the in vivo repair of O6-methylguanine and MGMT levels suggests that the lack of repair of O6-methylguanine in DNA of the mouse embryo cells is due only in part to a temporal loss of MGMT.
A Fully Integrated and Self-Powered Smartwatch for Continuous Sweat Glucose Monitoring (2019)

Wearable devices for health monitoring and fitness management have foreseen a rapidly expanding market, especially those for noninvasive and continuous measurements with real-time display that provide practical convenience and eliminated safety/infection risks. Herein, a self-powered and fully integrated smartwatch that consists of flexible photovoltaic cells and rechargeable batteries in the forms of a "watch strap", electrochemical glucose sensors, customized circuits, and display units integrated into a "dial" platform is successfully fabricated for real-time and continuous monitoring of sweat glucose levels. The functionality of the smartwatch, including sweat glucose sensing, signal processing, and display, can be supported with the harvested/converted solar energy without external charging devices. The Zn-MnO<sub>2</sub> batteries serve as intermediate energy storage units and the utilization of aqueous electrolytes eliminated safety concerns for batteries, which is critical for wearable devices. Such a wearable system in a smartwatch fashion realizes integration of energy modules with self-powered capability, electrochemical sensors for noninvasive glucose monitoring, and <i>in situ</i> and real-time signal processing/display in a single platform for the first time. The as-fabricated fully integrated and self-powered smartwatch also provides a promising protocol for statistical study and clinical investigation to reveal correlations between sweat compositions and human body dynamics.
Calcium Channel Blockers (1992)

Calcium channel blockers are widely used in the treatment of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and supraventricular tachycardia. The prototype agents, verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem, represent three classes of calcium channel blockers, each of which has different pharmacologic effects. Nifedipine and the other dihydropyridines primarily are vasodilators and have no clinical effects on cardiac conduction or contractility. Diltiazem and verapamil also are vasodilators, but they possess, to varying degrees, negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects. Side effects of these drugs are relatively rare and usually not serious, with the exception of potential conduction disturbances and heart failure in patients with underlying cardiac disease. To assess patients taking these medications and provide the necessary teaching, the nurse needs an understanding of the pharmacologic properties, clinical indications, and potential adverse effects of the various drugs.
Protein-S, a vitamin K-dependent protein, is a bone matrix component synthesized and secreted by osteoblasts. (1992)

Protein-S is a vitamin K (Vit K)-dependent protein synthesized by hepatocytes, megakaryocytes, and endothelial cells and plays an important role in the regulation of hemostasis. Two cases of free protein-S congenital deficiency were recently reported to be associated with osteopenia. We hypothesized that this osteopenia could be the result of a bone deficit of protein-S synthesized by bone cells. Using enzyme-linked immunoassay, immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation after labeling with [35S]methionine, we have shown that this protein is secreted by three human osteosarcoma cell lines and by human adult osteoblast-like cells. In addition, protein-S was present in protein extracts of human bone matrix. Protein-S secreted by MG 63 cells increased linearly from 1-7 days of culture, was biologically active, and was regulated by warfarin, as previously described for the other cell types secreting protein-S. Vit K had no direct effect on protein-S secretion or activity, but could overcome the effects of warfarin. In conclusion, in addition to osteocalcin and matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) protein, osteoblasts secrete another Vit K-dependent protein, which is a constituent of the bone matrix. Our data suggest that osteopenia occurring in patients with congenital protein-S deficiency might be related to a deficiency of protein-S secretion by the osteoblasts. This finding raises the intriguing possibility that protein-S might play a role in bone turnover and bone mass.
The morphologic criteria of the pseudopod in surface microscopy (1995)

<h3>Background and Design:</h3> In vivo cutaneous surface microscopy (oil epiluminescence, dermatoscopy, and dermoscopy) has been shown to greatly enhance the clinical diagnosis of melanoma. The pseudopod is a morphologic feature seen on surface microscopy that corresponds to the radial growth of tumor in melanoma. While it is one of the most specific surface microscopic features of invasive melanoma, it has remained poorly defined. We studied 239 pigmented lesions, 80 melanomas (62 invasive and 18 in situ) and 159 randomly selected pigmented nonmelanomas. We photographed these lesions in vivo using immersion oil and a Heine Dermaphot camera (Heine Ltd, Herrsching, Germany). We then scored the lesions in a ''blinded'' fashion for the presence of pseudopods based on strictly defined morphologic criteria. <h3>Results:</h3> We defined the morphologic criteria of the pseudopod. As defined, the pseudopod retained a 97% specificity and 23% sensitivity for invasive melanoma. No difference was seen in the mean Breslow thickness between melanomas with and without pseudopods. None of the in situ melanomas were observed to have pseudopods. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> We suggest morphologic criteria for a highly specific in vivo cutaneous surface microscopic feature of invasive melanoma, the pseudopod. (Arch Dermatol. 1995;131:436-440)
신재생에너지의 확산이 대기오염 배출 저감에 미치는 영향 분석 (2020)

This study analyzed whether the diffusion of new and renewable energy contributed to mitigating emissions of various air pollutants, including particulate matter, using panel econometric models. The theoretical foundation of such econometric models is based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, which assumes an inverted U-shaped relation between national income and environmental pollution, as originally proposed by Grossman and Krueger. We examined whether there are inverted U-, U-shaped, or N-shaped relations between national income and air pollution. We demonstrate that increases in new and renewable energy significantly mitigated emissions of CO, NOX, and PM2.5. Additionally, we included NOX, SOX, PM10, and VOCs as secondary emission sources of PM2.5 and found that emission of PM10 resulted in the highest PM2.5 emissions, followed by NOX and SOX emissions. The impact of new and renewable energy on air pollution varied across regions. Increase of new and renewable energy in the Honam region significantly mitigated CO, NOX, and TSP emissions, while that in the Youngnam and metropolitan areas did not significantly mitigate air pollution overall. There was a U-shaped relationship between air pollution and national income for CO, NOX, PM2.5, and SOX, while an inverted N-shape was observed for PM10.
Phenylboronic acid-containing block copolymers: synthesis, self-assembly, and application for intracellular delivery of proteins (2012)

The boronic acid group has been known to bind to sugars and living animal cells. Herein, a novel amphiphilic block copolymer poly(2-lactobionamidoethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid) (p(LAMA-b-AAPBA)) was prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Due to the interaction between lactose moieties and phenylboronic acid moieties in p(LAMA-b-AAPBA), the copolymer could easily form nanoparticles in a spherical shape. The p(LAMA-b-AAPBA) nanoparticles had mean sizes from 238 to 403 nm with a zeta potential of about −20 mV. To study the feasibility of p(LAMA-b-AAPBA) nanoparticles acting as the potential nanocarrier for protein delivery, insulin, as a drug model, was encapsulated into the nanoparticles, the loading capacity was about 11%. Moreover, the nanoparticles demonstrated a sustained release of insulin and had no cytotoxicity on Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) and human colorectal carcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the nanoparticles could be taken up by Caco-2 cells, indicating that the stimuli-response of phenylboronic acid to carbohydrates on the cell surface facilitated the nanoparticles to bind to Caco-2 cells. Thus, the p(LAMA-b-AAPBA) nanoparticles can be considered as a promising carrier for protein transport.