gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two new regularized AdaBoost algorithms (2004)

AdaBoost rarely suffers from overfitting problems in low noise data cases. However, recent studies with highly noisy patterns clearly showed that overfitting can occur. A natural strategy to alleviate the problem is to penalize the distribution skewness in the learning process to prevent several hardest examples from spoiling decision boundaries. In this paper, we describe in detail how a penalty scheme can be pursued in the mathematical programming setting as well as in the Boosting setting. By using two smooth convex penalty functions, two new soft margin concepts are defined and two new regularized AdaBoost algorithms are proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated through a large scale experiment. Compared with other regularized AdaBoost algorithms, our methods can achieve at least the same or much better performances.
Enhancing availability and security through boundless memory blocks (2004)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
Liftoff of a 190 mg Laser-Powered Aerial Vehicle: The Lightest Wireless Robot to Fly (2018)

To date, insect scale aerial robots have required wire tethers for providing power due to the challenges of integrating the required high-voltage power electronics within their severely constrained weight budgets. In this paper we present a significant milestone in the achievement of flight autonomy: the first wireless liftoff of a 190 mg aerial vehicle. Our robot is remotely powered using a 976 nm laser and integrates a complete power electronics package weighing a total of 104 mg, using commercially available components and fabricated using a fast-turnaround laser based circuit fabrication technique. The onboard electronics include a lightweight boost converter capable of producing high voltage bias and drive signals of over 200 V at up to 170 Hz and regulated by a microcontroller performing feedback control. We present our system design and analysis, detailed description of our fabrication method, and results from flight experiments.
Mica: a wireless platform for deeply embedded networks (2002)

Low-power integration of sensing, communication, and computation requires a new approach to wireless design. Flexible interfaces and primitive accelerators enable aggressive system-level optimizations. Mica's flexible design serves as a building block for creating efficient application-specific protocols. Instead of defining narrow, standardized application interfaces, Mica provides a set of richly interconnected primitives (such as data serializers and timing extractors) to facilitate cross-layer optimizations. To explore novel systems approaches, researchers can develop customized protocols tailored to their application; Mica does not require use of predefined protocols.
Tomographic modeling of GNSS ionospheric corrections: Assessment and real-time applications (2001)

It has been demonstrated in previous work that the tomographic approach reduces significantly the mismodelling in the electron content determination with Global Navigation Satellite Systems like GPS. We present in this paper the results of an comprehensive study about the performance of a tomographic model of the ionosphere, computed from the L1 and L2 carrier phase data, in order to estimate undifferenced and double differenced ionospheric corrections. Firstly, previous work has shown that the comparison with the TOPEX-Poseidon altimeter TEC for more than 2.5 years of data, including Solar Maximum (June 1998 to 2001), presents errors of few TECU at mid and high latitudes for the post-processed TEC computed from GPS data, and 5-10 TECU in equatorial regions. The real-time TEC computed close to equatorial regions, using the ambiguities fixed in the ionospheric model, is better than those post-processed results. During four consecutive weeks in March-April 2001, under Solar Maximum conditions, including some days of high geomagnetic activity, the STEC errors are less than 5 TECU and about 1 TECU for double differenced STEC, with reference stations separated 1000 to 3000 km, and close to the southern Appleton anomaly. These results strongly suggest that these models can improve significantly both navigation and time transfer with single frequency receivers, even in equatorial regions. Secondly, the real-time doubledifferenced ionospheric corrections have been studied for six different scenarios at medium and high latitudes during 17 different days in 1999, 2000 and 2001, and including different ionospheric conditions, such as geomagnetic activity and Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs). The results for the WADGPS-like scenarios indicate that the tomographic model is accurate enough (better than 0.25 TECU for the rover receivers) to solve on-the-fly the carrier phase ambiguities, at distances of hundreds of kilometers of the nearest reference receiver, allowing for example very precise navigation (errors below 10 cm), and real-time tropospheric determination within WADGPS networks.
Aircrew Security: A Practical Guide (2004)

Contents: Identifying the Threats: Aviation security: crewmember perspectives Disruptive passengers and sky rage Aircraft hijacking - a continual threat Investigating terrorism Explosive devices Scary stuff: chemical/biological/radiological weapons. Preparing for the Threats: Awareness for survival Mental preparation: developing a survival mindset Conflict management Flight crew use of force. Dealing with the Threats: Profiling Flight crew survival tactics and techniques Unconventional self-defense Post incident considerations The War on Terrorism Epilogue Index.
Some Aminodibenzothiophenes (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome AminodibenzothiophenesHenry. Gilman and John F. NobisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 1, 274–276Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01169a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01169a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Constraint-based motion optimization using a statistical dynamic model (2007)

In this paper, we present a technique for generating animation from a variety of user-defined constraints. We pose constraint-based motion synthesis as a maximum a posterior (MAP) problem and develop an optimization framework that generates natural motion satisfying user constraints. The system automatically learns a statistical dynamic model from motion capture data and then enforces it as a motion prior. This motion prior, together with user-defined constraints, comprises a trajectory optimization problem. Solving this problem in the low-dimensional space yields optimal natural motion that achieves the goals specified by the user. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach by generating whole-body and facial motion from a variety of spatial-temporal constraints.
Structural determination of Li<sub>1−y</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(y = 0.5) using a combination of Rietveld analysis and the maximum entropy method (2003)

The crystal structures and electron density distributions of the layered oxide Li1−yNi0.5Mn0.5O2 (y = 0.5) were studied using a combination of Rietveld analysis of high-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data and the maximum entropy method (MEM). Structural analysis revealed that Li1−yNi0.5Mn0.5O2 (y = 0.5) has the lattice parameters a = 4.934 Å, b = 2.852 Å, c = 5.090 Å, β = 108.8° and adopts the space group C2/m. The chemical formula can be expressed as [Ni0.0815]2a{Li0.5Ni0.0115}4i[Mn0.5Ni0.407□0.093]2dO2. The electron density map obtained using MEM clearly shows that most of the Li ions migrate from the octahedral 2a site to the tetrahedral 4i site during Li de-intercalation.
Identification and partial characterization of mitotic centromere-associated kinesin, a kinesin-related protein that associates with centromeres during mitosis. (1995)

Using antipeptide antibodies to conserved regions of the kinesin motor domain, we cloned a kinesin-related protein that associates with the centromere region of mitotic chromosomes. We call the protein MCAK, for mitotic centromere-associated kinesin. MCAK appears concentrated on centromeres at prophase and persists until telophase, after which time the localization disperses. It is found throughout the centromere region and between the kinetochore plates of isolated mitotic CHO chromosomes, in contrast to two other kinetochore-associated microtubule motors: cytoplasmic dynein and CENP-E (Yen et al., 1992), which are closer to the outer surface of the kinetochore plates. Sequence analysis shows MCAK to be a kinesin-related protein with the motor domain located in the center of the protein. It is 60-70% similar to kif2, a kinesin-related protein originally cloned from mouse brain with a centrally located motor domain (Aizawa et al., 1992). MCAK protein is present in interphase and mitotic CHO cells and is transcribed as a single 3.4-kb message.
Mapping and Characterization of Two Mutations to Antibiotic Supersusceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1987)

Two mutations associated with antibiotic supersusceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Z61 were transferred separately into strain PAO222, using R68.45-mediated conjugation and phage F116L transduction. One mutation (absA) was 40% contransducible with pro-82 at 26 min on the P. aeruginosa chromosome and was associated with increased susceptibility to beta-lactams, gentamicin and hydrophobic agents. Strains carrying the absA mutation also displayed enhanced uptake of a hydrophobic fluorescent probe, 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine, and were found, by SDS-PAGE, to be altered in the pattern of lipopolysaccharide O-antigen distribution. The other mutation (absB), associated with increased susceptibility to beta-lactams and gentamicin but not to hydrophobic agents, was cotransducible with met-28 and proC at 20 min on the chromosome. The absB mutation caused a structurally undefined alteration in the physical interaction of EDTA and gentamicin with the outer membrane.
Complete Genome Sequence of the N2-Fixing Broad Host Range Endophyte Klebsiella pneumoniae 342 and Virulence Predictions Verified in Mice (2008)

We report here the sequencing and analysis of the genome of the nitrogen-fixing endophyte, Klebsiella pneumoniae 342. Although K. pneumoniae 342 is a member of the enteric bacteria, it serves as a model for studies of endophytic, plant-bacterial associations due to its efficient colonization of plant tissues (including maize and wheat, two of the most important crops in the world), while maintaining a mutualistic relationship that encompasses supplying organic nitrogen to the host plant. Genomic analysis examined K. pneumoniae 342 for the presence of previously identified genes from other bacteria involved in colonization of, or growth in, plants. From this set, approximately one-third were identified in K. pneumoniae 342, suggesting additional factors most likely contribute to its endophytic lifestyle. Comparative genome analyses were used to provide new insights into this question. Results included the identification of metabolic pathways and other features devoted to processing plant-derived cellulosic and aromatic compounds, and a robust complement of transport genes (15.4%), one of the highest percentages in bacterial genomes sequenced. Although virulence and antibiotic resistance genes were predicted, experiments conducted using mouse models showed pathogenicity to be attenuated in this strain. Comparative genomic analyses with the presumed human pathogen K. pneumoniae MGH78578 revealed that MGH78578 apparently cannot fix nitrogen, and the distribution of genes essential to surface attachment, secretion, transport, and regulation and signaling varied between each genome, which may indicate critical divergences between the strains that influence their preferred host ranges and lifestyles (endophytic plant associations for K. pneumoniae 342 and presumably human pathogenesis for MGH78578). Little genome information is available concerning endophytic bacteria. The K. pneumoniae 342 genome will drive new research into this less-understood, but important category of bacterial-plant host relationships, which could ultimately enhance growth and nutrition of important agricultural crops and development of plant-derived products and biofuels.
Rapid palletizing: simulation in the fast lane (1996)

Gives an example of the use of offline 3‐D graphical simulation to assist in program generation for a robot palletizing operation, a technique which is proving increasingly cost effective. Describes GRASP, the 3‐D graphical simulation tool for robotics applications whose special palletizing module was employed, and reports on the successful outcome. Claims that GRASP has enabled verified robot programs to be generated which can be produced in less than a day, saving more than two days over the manual programming approach and reducing cell downtime from three days to less than two hours.
Fast volume scanning with frequency‐shifted burst MRI (1994)

We introduce a modified BURST imaging technique with reduced saturation effects and improved signal-to-noise ratio. The method applies a frequency shift to the RF excitation pulse on successive repetitions. It allows collection of 3D datasets of human brain within a few seconds, on a standard clinical scanner at 1.5 Tesla.
Effective Reuse via Modeling, Managing and Searching of Business Process Assets (2012)

Cost and competitive pressures are forcing business organizations to reuse assets from repositories, rather than develop them from scratch. But this has been hampered by some issues that have not been addressed so far. First, there is a lack of a mechanism for the representation of business process assets as variants and versions in repositories. Second, there is no formal means to compare between different variants and versions of an asset and determine which is the best to select for reuse. Third, there is a lack of a technique to determine the extent to which a business process asset could be customized for reuse. In this paper, we address the above research issues by presenting an integrated approach for modeling, analyzing, and searching business process assets in a repository for enhancing reuse. We demonstrate our approach on a large repository of business process assets in the insurance domain.
Antibody Catalysis of a Disfavored Chemical Transformation (1993)

Organic reactions are often limited by stereoelectronic constrains that appear along the reaction coordinate. An antibody has been generated that overcomes these constraints and catalyzes a highly disfavored chemical transformation. The antibody facilitates the difficult 6-endo-tet ring closure of an epoxy-alcohol to form a tetrahydropyran. The catalyzed process is in formal violation of what has become known as Baldwin's rules for ring-closure reactions. In addition to controlling the regiochemistry of the disfavored cyclization reaction, these catalytic antibodies resolve enantiomeric substrates to afford a stereochemically pure product. The principles demonstrated in this study may be applicable to other disfavored chemical processes.
The Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 Associates with the Phosphorylated Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motif of FcγRIIa to Modulate Signaling Events in Myeloid Cells (2003)

Fc gamma RIIa is a low affinity IgG receptor uniquely expressed in human cells that promotes phagocytosis of immune complexes and induces inflammatory cytokine gene transcription. Recent studies have revealed that phagocytosis initiated by Fc gamma RIIa is tightly controlled by the inositol phosphatase SHIP-1, and the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Whereas the molecular nature of SHIP-1 involvement with Fc gamma RIIa has been well studied, it is not clear how SHP-1 is activated by Fc gamma RIIa to mediate its regulatory effect. Here we report that Fc gamma RIIa clustering induces SHP-1 phosphatase activity in THP-1 cells. Using synthetic phosphopeptides, and stable transfectants expressing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) tyrosine mutants of Fc gamma RIIa, we demonstrate that SHP-1 associates with the phosphorylated amino-terminal ITAM tyrosine of Fc gamma RIIa, whereas the tyrosine kinase Syk associates with the carboxyl-terminal ITAM tyrosine. Association of SHP-1 with Fc gamma RIIa ITAM appears to suppress total cellular tyrosine phosphorylation. Furthermore, Fc gamma RIIa clustering results in the association of SHP-1 with key signaling molecules such as Syk, p85 subunit of PtdIns 3-kinase, and p62dok, suggesting that these molecules may be substrates of SHP-1 in this system. Finally, overexpression of wild-type SHP-1 but not catalytically deficient SHP-1 led to a down-regulation of NF kappa B-dependent gene transcription in THP-1 cells activated by clustering Fc gamma RIIa.
Multiple-hologram recording with one-beam encoding (2012)

This research proposes a method that uses a single object beam to record multiple images in a photorefractive crystal medium without having to use any reference wave. The object beam in this study is modulated using a lenticular lens array sheet to produce a set of sub-object beams. These beams are then angularly separated on the recording plane and their scattered waves overlapped in an iron-doped photorefractive LiNbO₃ crystal. This single-exposure, multiple-holographic-recording method is simple and proven successful via the experiments that recorded four holograms in a 30 x 1 mm³ LiNbO₃:Fe crystal with single exposure.
Transcatheter arterial embolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: a long-term follow-up. (1992)

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) was performed in 1,058 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the prognosis after TAE in HCC was then assessed from the long-term follow-up data. The results indicated that the prognosis was better for small tumors, and was significantly better for capsulated than noncapsulated tumors. For this reason, the prognosis of small tumors was not always better than that of large tumors. The prognosis worsened as the severity of portal obstruction increased. The prognosis improved with the use of Lipiodol (iodized oil). It was found that the use of anticancer drugs in combination with TAE, however, did not significantly affect the prognosis as compared with TAE alone. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 70%, 51%, 29%, 14%, and 5%, respectively.
Evaluation of a new generation of culture bottle using an automated bacterial culture system for detecting nine common contaminating organisms found in platelet components (2002)

No difference in detection time between the current and new aerobic and anaerobic bottles was demonstrated. The new pediatric bottles had a small but significant delay in detection.
Three-dimensional appearance characterization of diffuse standard reflection materials (2010)

The basis for the description of diffuse reflecting materials is the concept of the radiance factor ?, or as a quite similar depiction, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function fr. Both characterizations use the concept of the perfectly reflecting diffuser (PRD), which reflects, by definition, the incoming radiation loss-free, completely diffuse and with Lambertian direction characteristics. The PRD is a theoretical concept only, which cannot be realized materially. Since there is no material with these characteristics, the realization is carried out with physical methods, i.e. by the measuring apparatus itself, in the context of an absolute measurement. For practical purposes, radiance factor measurements are predominantly accomplished relative to commercially available reflection standards. In the present investigation, different widely used diffuse reflection materials were measured for the first time in a multi-geometry configuration with the robot-based gonioreflectometer of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in order to characterize their three-dimensional reflection behaviour. For a set of four distinct incident angles, the full hemispherical reflection indicatrix was determined at a wavelength of 550?nm.The angle-resolved reflection data are an important reference for manufacturers, providers and users of radiometric and photometric products. This paper attempts to give users in research and industry an overview of the strongly non-Lambertian reflection behaviour of standard reflection materials, because it is a widespread false assumption that commonly used standard reflection materials have only minor deviations from the ideal specification of the PRD.
A logic-based Formalization for Component Specification. (2002)

We consider a component-based approach to modelling complex systems using UML. We describe how component concepts at a specification level (interfaces, components, architectures) can be formalized in a uniform way using a distributed logical framework. In the logic Mdtl, each component has associated to it a local logic consisting of a home logic and a communication logic. Component contracts are captured by formulae in Mdtl. In particular, a clear distinction between usage and realization contracts is made: the former is captured as formulae in the home logic of the interface specification, whilst the latter is expressed by formulae in the communication logic of the component specification. Moreover, we are investigating an extension of the framework for expressing dependability requirements.