gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens Trigger the Formation of U Small Nuclear RNA Bodies (U Bodies) through Metabolic Stress Induction (2015)

Invasive bacterial pathogens induce an amino acid starvation (AAS) response in infected host cells that controls host defense in part by promoting autophagy. However, whether AAS has additional significant effects on the host response to intracellular bacteria remains poorly characterized. Here we showed that Shigella, Salmonella, and Listeria interfere with spliceosomal U snRNA maturation in the cytosol. Bacterial infection resulted in the rerouting of U snRNAs and their cytoplasmic escort, the survival motor neuron (SMN) complex, to processing bodies, thus forming U snRNA bodies (U bodies). This process likely contributes to the decline in the cytosolic levels of U snRNAs and of the SMN complex proteins SMN and DDX20 that we observed in infected cells. U body formation was triggered by membrane damage in infected cells and was associated with the induction of metabolic stresses, such as AAS or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mechanistically, targeting of U snRNAs to U bodies was regulated by translation initiation inhibition and the ATF4/ATF3 pathway, and U bodies rapidly disappeared upon removal of the stress, suggesting that their accumulation represented an adaptive response to metabolic stress. Importantly, this process likely contributed to shape the host response to invasive bacteria because down-regulation of DDX20 expression using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) amplified ATF3- and NF-κB-dependent signaling. Together, these results identify a critical role for metabolic stress and invasive bacterial pathogens in U body formation and suggest that this process contributes to host defense.
Simplified VSS and fast-track multiparty computations with applications to threshold cryptography (1998)

The goal of this paper is to introduce a simple verifiable secret sharing scheme, to improve the efficiency of known secure multiparty protocols and, by employing these techniques, to improve the efficiency of applications which use these protocols.
Segmenting reliefs on triangle meshes (2006)

Sculptural reliefs are widely used in various industries for purposes such as applying brands to packaging and decorating porcelain. In order to easily apply reliefs to CAD models, it is often desirable to reverse-engineer previously designed and manufactured reliefs. 3D scanners can generate triangle meshes from objects with reliefs; however, previous mesh segmentation work has not considered the particular problem of separation of reliefs from background. We consider here the specific case of segmenting a simple relief delimited by a single outer contour, which lies on a smooth, slowly varying background. Generally, such reliefs meet the surrounding surface in a small step, enabling us to devise a specific method for such relief segmentation.We find the boundary between the background and the relief using an adaptive snake. It starts at a simple user-drawn contour, and is driven inwards by a collapsing force until it matches the relief's boundary. Our method is insensitive to the choice of the initial contour. The snake's limiting position is controlled by a feature energy term designed to find a step. A refinement strategy is then used to drive the snake into concavities of the relief contour.We demonstrate operation of our algorithm using real scanned models with different relief contour shapes and triangle meshes with different resolutions.
An explicit, unconditionally stable, 15-degree depth migration and modeling algorithm implemented in poststack, directional, and prestack modes (1991)

Abstract An explicit, unconditionally stable, finite-difference depth migration and modeling algorithm is formulated and implemented for the fifteen-degree wave equation in poststack, directional (rotational), and prestack modes for inhomogeneous media. It is about two times faster than implicit schemes. The simplicity, unconditional stability, and speed of the algorithm are appealing for numerous applications, especially prestack and three-dimensional data sets.
Electropolymerization on graphite fibers (1978)

Abstract The electrodic polymerization on graphite fibers of a variety of monomers having different types of functional groups has been investigated. In addition to vinyl polymerization, some novel polymerizations of cyclic functional groups have been conducted under appropriate polymerization conditions. In many instances, the grafting of the surface polymer to the fiber has been confirmed. The stereochemical configuration of poly(methyl methacrylate) resulting from electropolymerization was measured, but conclusive evidence could not be obtained for the occurrence of stereo‐regulation in electrochemical polymerization on graphite fiber surface; Composite specimens were prepared by the incorporation of the coated fibers in an epoxy matrix. It was demonstrated that the effect of electropolymerization on the interfacial properties of the resulting composite was manifested in variations of the measured interlaminar shear and impact strengths of the composite specimens. The increase or decrease in interlaminar shear was accompanied by the usually observed reverse change in impact strength. In exception to this general trend, it was also indicated that the shear and impact strengths could simultaneously be increased. Implicit in these findings is the contribution of the electrochemically formed interlayer to one or more of the toughening mechanisms that are available to fiber reinforced composites. The potential value of interphase modification by electrochemical polymerization is thus clearly indicated.
Tunneling Spin Injection into Single Layer Graphene (2010)

We achieve tunneling spin injection from Co into single layer graphene (SLG) using TiO₂ seeded MgO barriers. A nonlocal magnetoresistance (ΔR(NL)) of 130 Ω is observed at room temperature, which is the largest value observed in any material. Investigating ΔR(NL) vs SLG conductivity from the transparent to the tunneling contact regimes demonstrates the contrasting behaviors predicted by the drift-diffusion theory of spin transport. Furthermore, tunnel barriers reduce the contact-induced spin relaxation and are therefore important for future investigations of spin relaxation in graphene.
Current control techniques for utility interface converters with low THD (2012)

This paper discusses current control techniques for utility interface converters with low total harmonic distortion (THD), fast dynamic responses, and high stability for transient responses. A repetitive control technique with designed phase margin has been developed to reduce the THD of a single-phase boost AC/DC converter operating over a wide range of load variations. A green-mode control strategy is developed to adjust the control mode as well as the switching frequency for efficiency improvement. A predictive current loop controller is used to achieve fast dynamic response under wide input voltage variation range and a repetitive controller is designed to minimize periodic errors within the current loop bandwidth. A single-chip DSP controller is used to realize the proposed control scheme. Simulation and experimental results confirm the feasibility and performances of the proposed control scheme.
Cancer cachexia: prevention, early diagnosis, and management. (1994)

Cachexia is the most common paraneoplastic syndrome of malignancy and is characterized by anorexia, early satiety, severe body compositional change with weight loss, adipose and muscle loss, weakness (asthenia), anemia, and edema. Cause of death in as many as 20% of patients with cancer is associated with tumor-induced and treatment-related malnutrition and inanition. Early diagnosis of cancer malnutrition often is missed because of lack of attention by the oncology team. The importance of understanding the basics of nutritional oncology by the entire healthcare team (physician, nurse, pharmacist, dietitian, social worker, physical and speech therapists) and the patient and family is outlined with practical interventions being specified. An algorithm for an optimal nutritional approach in patients with cancer is included, with emphasis on early diagnosis and intervention for maintenance of nutritional, body compositional, and functional status of the oncology patients. Quality-of-life issues, pharmacologic intervention in cachexia, and necessity of cooperative oncology group involvement in nutritional oncology are discussed.
Improved Deep Embedded Clustering with Local Structure Preservation (2017)

Deep clustering learns deep feature representations that favor clustering task using neural networks. Some pioneering work proposes to simultaneously learn embedded features and perform clustering by explicitly defining a clustering oriented loss. Though promising performance has been demonstrated in various applications, we observe that a vital ingredient has been overlooked by these work that the defined clustering loss may corrupt feature space, which leads to non-representative meaningless features and this in turn hurts clustering performance. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose the Improved Deep Embedded Clustering (IDEC) algorithm to take care of data structure preservation. Specifically, we manipulate feature space to scatter data points using a clustering loss as guidance. To constrain the manipulation and maintain the local structure of data generating distribution, an under-complete autoencoder is applied. By integrating the clustering loss and autoencoder's reconstruction loss, IDEC can jointly optimize cluster labels assignment and learn features that are suitable for clustering with local structure preservation. The resultant optimization problem can be effectively solved by mini-batch stochastic gradient descent and backpropagation. Experiments on image and text datasets empirically validate the importance of local structure preservation and the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Spatial channel model and measurements for IMT-2000 systems (2002)

This paper presents a spatial channel model for IMT-2000 systems as well as measurement results for 1.2 MHz wide wireless channels using an eight element linear array at two different frequencies. The spatial channel model is a spatial extension of the commonly known IMT-2000 temporal (i.e., delay profile) model. The measurement results are used to characterize the spatial aspects of the wireless channel and are used to verify the model.
[The natural killer activity and indices of the interferon status of patients with recurrent genital herpes being treated with ridostin]. (1994)

Natural killer cell activity (NK) in parallel with the interferon (IFN)-alpha and IFN-gamma production as well as with a level of IFN in the blood serum were studied in 15 patients with relapsing herpes genitalis (RHG). Rhidostin, well known as an IFN-alpha inducer, was used in a dose of 2 mg once daily for 3 days subcutaneously up to a total dose of 8 mg of the preparation. The NK cell activity and IFN-alpha production were shown to decrease in RHG more significantly in the stage of remission than during the relapse of the process. As a result of rhidostin therapy the NK cell activity was restored simultaneously with the positive clinical effect of the drug. Rhidostin was found to be an efficient modifier of the IFN system functioning in patients with RHG. The above data allow a conclusion that rhidostin exhibiting an independent antiviral and immunostimulating action might be useful in patients with a remission of RHG for prevention of its relapses.
Methods for transferring patient and plan data between radiotherapy treatment planning systems. (1997)

The effectiveness of conformal radiotherapy can ultimately only be assessed by the use of clinical trials. As large multicentre clinical trials become more widespread, methods of transferring patient and plan data between radiotherapy treatment planning systems become increasingly important. In this paper, the general strategy for the transfer of data is discussed, and also illustrated with reference to two specific systems: TARGET 2 (GE Medical Systems) and VOXELPLAN (DKFZ-Heidelberg). The transfer method involves using a computer program to translate the data formats used by each of the two systems for CT scans, patient outlines, plan information and block descriptions. This paper does not address the question of transferring beam data between systems: beam data must first be entered separately into both machines. The physical concepts encountered when transferring plans are described, with specific reference to the two planning systems used. Differences in the strategies used by the two planning systems for definition of irregular field shapes are compared. The dose calculations used by the two systems are also briefly evaluated. Isodoses produced by VOXELPLAN around a circular target volume are found to be up to 3 mm different in location to those produced by TARGET 2, owing to the use of a smooth field shape contour as opposed to a stepped field shape which closely models the leaves of a multileaf collimator. In general, dose distributions generated by both systems are comparable, but some differences are found in the presence of large tissue inhomogeneities. It is concluded that the transfer of patient and plan data between two different treatment planning systems is feasible, provided that any differences in field shape definition methods or dose calculation methods between the two systems are understood.
An Overview of Perfluoroctylbromide—Application as a Synthetic Oxygen Carrier and Imaging Agent for X-Ray, Ultrasound and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1988)

(1988). An Overview of Perfluoroctylbromide—Application as a Synthetic Oxygen Carrier and Imaging Agent for X-Ray, Ultrasound and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Biomaterials, Artificial Cells and Artificial Organs: Vol. 16, No. 1-3, pp. 411-420.
Application‐centric analysis of IP‐based mobility management techniques (2001)

Abstract This paper considers three applications—VoIP, mobile Web access and mobile server‐based data transfers—and evaluates the applicability of various IP‐based mobility management mechanisms. We first survey the features and characteristics of various IP mobility protocols, such as MIPv4, MIPv6, MIP‐RO, SIP, CIP, HAWAII, MIP‐RR and IDMP, and then evaluate their utility on an application‐specific basis. The diversity in the mobility‐related requirements ensures that no single mobility solution is universally applicable. We recommend a hierarchical mobility architecture. The framework uses our Dynamic Mobility Agent (DMA) architecture for managing intra‐domain mobility and multiple application‐based binding protocols for supporting inter‐domain mobility. Thus, we recommend SIP as the global binding protocol for VoIP applications and MIPv4/MIPv6 as the global binding mechanism for the mobile server scenario. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cryptographic Key Generation from Biometric Data Using Wavelets (2009)

In this paper we present an approach for biometric key generation using wavelets and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The stages that comprise the approach are one time enrollment and key derivation. This work is based on the uniqueness and quasi-stationary behavior of ECG signals with respect to an individual. This lets to consider the ECG signal as a biometric characteristic and guarantees that different information is generated and then stored in a token for authentication purposes. Also, this approach implements an error-correction layer using the Hadamard code. The performance of the proposed approach is assessed using ECG signals from MIT-BIH database. Simulation results show a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 4.60 and a false rejection rate (FRR) of 7.90. The random biometric key released by the proposed approach can be used in several encryption algorithms.
Briefing: Dividing up risk on UK defence estate works (2010)

Regional prime contracting consists of a number of 7–10-year frameworks for the maintenance and improvement of the UK Ministry of Defence estate. Part of the regional prime contractor’s remit is to undertake capital works up to £15 million in value and whose core procurement method is design and construct. Due to the need for early contractor involvement, there can be no affordable, pre-agreed fixed price for these complex projects due to the risk permutations. This paper discusses the methodology behind the management of these projects so they are progressed quickly using maximum price target cost. Adapted from Ministry of Defence equipment procurement, this assesses cost and risk including a pain/gain sharing mechanism. A crucial element is the risk register and the mathematical assessment of uncertainty. By these measures, the project team is able to successfully manage cost and risk while achieving known improvements to timescales of 25%. There is anecdotal evidence that the period from inception to site commencement may improve by up to 50% in comparison with traditional fixed-price procurement.
Spherical Colloidal Photonic Crystals (2014)

CONSPECTUS: Colloidal photonic crystals (PhCs), periodically arranged monodisperse nanoparticles, have emerged as one of the most promising materials for light manipulation because of their photonic band gaps (PBGs), which affect photons in a manner similar to the effect of semiconductor energy band gaps on electrons. The PBGs arise due to the periodic modulation of the refractive index between the building nanoparticles and the surrounding medium in space with subwavelength period. This leads to light with certain wavelengths or frequencies located in the PBG being prohibited from propagating. Because of this special property, the fabrication and application of colloidal PhCs have attracted increasing interest from researchers. The most simple and economical method for fabrication of colloidal PhCs is the bottom-up approach of nanoparticle self-assembly. Common colloidal PhCs from this approach in nature are gem opals, which are made from the ordered assembly and deposition of spherical silica nanoparticles after years of siliceous sedimentation and compression. Besides naturally occurring opals, a variety of manmade colloidal PhCs with thin film or bulk morphology have also been developed. In principle, because of the effect of Bragg diffraction, these PhC materials show different structural colors when observed from different angles, resulting in brilliant colors and important applications. However, this angle dependence is disadvantageous for the construction of some optical materials and devices in which wide viewing angles are desired. Recently, a series of colloidal PhC materials with spherical macroscopic morphology have been created. Because of their spherical symmetry, the PBGs of spherical colloidal PhCs are independent of rotation under illumination of the surface at a fixed incident angle of the light, broadening the perspective of their applications. Based on droplet templates containing colloidal nanoparticles, these spherical colloidal PhCs can be generated by evaporation-induced nanoparticle crystallization or polymerization of ordered nanoparticle crystallization arrays. In particular, because microfluidics was used for the generation of the droplet templates, the development of spherical colloidal PhCs has progressed significantly. These new strategies not only ensure monodispersity, but also increase the structural and functional diversity of the PhC beads, paving the way for the development of advanced optoelectronic devices. In this Account, we present the research progress on spherical colloidal PhCs, including their design, preparation, and potential applications. We outline various types of spherical colloidal PhCs, such as close-packed, non-close-packed, inverse opal, biphasic or multiphasic Janus structured, and core-shell structured geometries. Based on their unique optical properties, applications of the spherical colloidal PhCs for displays, sensors, barcodes, and cell culture microcarriers are presented. Future developments of the spherical colloidal PhC materials are also envisioned.
Single-beam radiotherapy knife (1984)

A feasibility study reveals that a standard linear accelerator, with only slight modification, can function in a manner similar to Leksell's multiple cobalt radiation device. A high radiation dose can be delivered to a 1-cm or 0.5-cm volume target with insignificant radiation effect on the surrounding tissue.
Effects of Centrally Acting Drugs on Serum Prolactin Levels in Rhesus Monkeys (1978)

Prolactin (Prl) responses to anesthetics, stress of immobilization, and agents that block adrenergic receptors were determined in 13 female rhesus monkeys. The local anesthetic (lidocaine HCl) had no effect, but the general anesthetics (ketamine HCl and sodium pentobarbital) significantly increased serum Prl levels in intact animals. There was no indication of a pentobarbital-induced inhibition of Prl secretion as reported for other species. A combination of halothane anesthesia and immobilization for 30 or 60 min produced significantly greater increases in Prl levels than immobilization alone for similar periods of time. Prl responses to blockers of adrenergic receptors varied in chair-adapted ovariectomized monkeys. The increase in serum Prl concentrations produced by the beta-receptor blocker propranolol was less marked than that induced by the alpha-receptor blockers phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine. Prl elevations of the highest magnitude and longest duration were produced by haloperidol, which blocks both adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors. Pretreatment of these animals with estradiol-17beta had no effect on Prl responses to phentolamine and haloperidol. These results indicate involvement of an adrenergic neurotransmitter system in the control of Prl secretion in primates.