gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement and simulation of electrical tree growth and partial discharge activity in epoxy resin (2001)

Electrical treeing in an epoxy resin under an ac voltage for a point-to-plane gap configuration has been investigated using a phase-resolved partial discharge measurement system and shadow survey and light emission registration techniques. A self-consistent model based on the concepts of energy and electric field has been developed and used for quantitative description the temporal-spatial and electric characteristics of electrical treeing obtained in experiment. The electrical treeing is considered to be a phenomenon of self-organized criticality.
Fabrication of SiO<sub>2</sub>–GeO<sub>2</sub> Glass Optical Waveguides by the Gas-Phase Doping Method (1990)

A new method of fabricating silica glass optical waveguides has been developed. Porous silica glasses made by the sol-gel method were used as substrates, into which a dopant was introduced by utilizing the adsorption equilibrium between porous glass and vapor of the relevant dopant material. Index distributions within the glass were produced by placing the doped glass under reduced pressure to outgas the dopant from the surface of the glass, followed by transforming the dopant into oxide by hydrolysis, and then the porous glass was densified to give nonporous glass. Combining this method with the selective photopolymerization method, where the undesired portion of pores was clogged by polymer, 3D waveguides have been fabricated. The SiO 2 –GeO 2 waveguides thus fabricated have index differences of more than 0.02 with the propagation loss of less than 1 dB/cm.
Condensed tannin-sulfonate derivatives in cold-setting wood-laminating adhesives (1987)

L'extraction de l'ecorce de pin par une solution de sulfite et carbonate de sodium donne des sulfonates d'epicatechine et de procyanidine qui peuvent remplacer jusqu'a 50% de la resine phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde dans les adhesifs pour bois lamelle durcissant a froid
Air-Activated Ration Heaters (2008)

Abstract : The current Mg-Fe flameless heater is based on the accelerated corrosive oxidation of magnesium resulting from dissimilar metals placed in contact with an electrolyte1,2. Water is used to activate the heater, and hydrogen is released as a by-product. RBC Technologies (RBC) and the Natick Soldier RDEC have developed a flameless heater technology based on the direct oxidation of a metal in air. The new heater technology requires no additional reactants, and has no undesired by-products.
VANET-based approach for parking space availability (2007)

Parking availability notification and parking spot locator are two useful VANET applications. In this paper, we provide a network model through which the available parking lots and parking spots can be located efficiently and without extensive infrastructure support. The various security vulnerabilities of the model are noted and an appropriate security architecture is proposed.
Entropy-Driven Single Molecule Tug-of-War of DNA at Micro−Nanofluidic Interfaces (2012)

Entropy-driven polymer dynamics at the nanoscale is fundamentally important in biological systems but the dependence of the entropic force on the nanoconfinement remains elusive. Here, we established an entropy-driven single molecule tug-of-war (TOW) at two micro-nanofluidic interfaces bridged by a nanoslit, performed the force analysis from a modified wormlike chain in the TOW scenario and the entropic recoiling process, and determined the associated scalings on the nanoconfinement. Our results provide a direct experimental evidence that the entropic forces in these two regimes, though unequal, are essentially constant at defined slit heights, irrespective of the slit lengths and the DNA segments within. Our findings have the implications to polymer transport at the nanoscale, device design for single molecule analysis, and biotechnological applications.
A 7 bit, 3.75 ps Resolution Two-Step Time-to-Digital Converter in 65 nm CMOS Using Pulse-Train Time Amplifier (2013)

In this paper, a novel pulse-train time amplifier is proposed that achieves linear, accurate, and programmable gain for a wide input range. Using the proposed pulse-train time amplifier, a 7-bit two-step TDC is implemented. The proposed TDC employs repetitive pulses with gated delay-lines for a calibration-free and programmable time amplification and quantization. The prototype chip fabricated in 65 nm CMOS process achieves 3.75 ps of time resolution at 200 MS/s while consuming 3.6 mW and occupying 0.02 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area. Compared to previously reported TDCs, the proposed TDC achieves the fastest conversion rate and the best FoM without any calibration.
Quantum cascade photonic crystal surface emitting injection laser (2003)

A surface emitting quantum cascade injection laser is presented. Direct surface emission is obtained by using a 2D photonic-band-gap structure that simultaneously acts as a microcavity. The approach may allow miniaturization and on-chip-integration of the devices.
An Adaptive AC Input Monitoring Algorithm for Microprocessor Controlled Parallel Processing UPSs (1987)

This paper describes a basic, adaptive ac-input algorithm applied to a microprocessor-controlled parallel-processing Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) with a short battery holdover. The algorithm dynamically modifies the ac-input line switch operating-thresholds, which are based an the UPS output load current and ac-input voltage, ensuring that battery-energy is preserved for periods in whtch the UPS load requires inverter-battery source power.
Two Decades of Research on Biosynthesis of Saccharides (1971)

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ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES WITH α‐HETEROSUBSTITUTED PHOSPHONATE CARBANIONS. VIII. AN UNEXPECTED ENTRY INTO QUINOLINES (1979)

Abstract Aus dem Phosphonester (I) erhält man über das bei niederer Temperatur gebildete Anion mit Phenylpropiolaldehyd (II) über diskutierte Zwischenstufen das Chinolin (III).
Catalase‐Loaded TaOx Nanoshells as Bio‐Nanoreactors Combining High‐Z Element and Enzyme Delivery for Enhancing Radiotherapy (2016)

A novel type of bio-nanoreactor with catalase loaded inside TaOx hollow nanoshells is fabricated via a mild one-step method. Such bio-nanoreactors could efficiently improve the tumor oxygenation by supplying oxygen via decomposition of endogenic H2 O2 in a tumor microenvironment, and thus synergistically enhance the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy by both depositing radiation energy within the tumor and overcoming hypoxia-induced radiotherapy resistance.
High-speed NMOS circuits for ROM-accumulator and multiplier type digital filters (1978)

Using a standard 6 /spl mu/m NMOS silicon-gate process, circuit techniques are described for the full integration of high-speed ROM-accumulator and multiplier type digital filters. The ROM-accumulator structure is integrated using a new two-clock four-phase technique which can be used both for ROM and accumulator. An operating speed of 20 Mbits/s is measured. The circuit shows that an eighth-order filter on a 20 mm/SUP 2/ chip, dissipating only 400 mW at 10 Mbits/s is feasible. Using a 4-clock 4-phase technique a 4-bit serial-parallel multiplier is presented featuring 20 Mbits/s operation into a 15 pF load. Power dissipation is 7 mW/cell. Cell area is 0.2 mm/SUP 2/.
The Incidence and Prognostic Significance of Humoral Hypercalcemia in Renal Cell Carcinoma (1991)

This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the incidence and prognostic significance of humoral hypercalcemia in 218 renal cell carcinoma patients during the last 20 years. Of 218 patients 20 (9.2%) were hypercalcemic, with serum calcium levels ranging from 10.7 to 16.0 mg./dl. The respective incidence of humoral hypercalcemia was 3% in patients with stage I, 5.9% with stage II, 14.1% with stage III and 18.9% with stage IV disease without bone metastasis. The survival curves between the hypercalcemic and eucalcemic groups among stages I to III cancer patients showed no statistical significance (p greater than 0.05). The survival curve deteriorated significantly in stage IV cancer patients with humoral hypercalcemia (p less than 0.005), with a median survival of 45.0 +/- 39.7 days versus 286.4 +/- 27.6 days in eucalcemic patients. No specific correlation was found between pathological cell type and humoral hypercalcemia.
Experimental Verification of Carrier Multiplication in Graphene (2014)

We report on the first direct experimental observation of carrier multiplication in graphene reaching a multiplication factor of up to 2 and persisting on a picoseconds time scale. Exploiting multicolor pump-probe measurement techniques, the excited nonequilibrium carrier distribution is retrieved on an ultrafast time scale. This provides access to the temporal evolution of the optically excited carrier density and thus allows quantitative conclusions on possible carrier multiplication. Microscopic time- and momentum-resolved calculations on the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of optically excited carriers confirm the observation of carrier multiplication under corresponding experimental conditions, suggesting graphene as a promising material for novel high-efficiency photodetection devices.
Polarization Insensitive Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier Using a SBS Suppressed Diversity Loop (2016)

We suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering occurred in a polarization diversity loop by restricting pumps propagation in highly nonlinear fibers to one-way so that we obtain fine polarization insensitive operation of a fiber optical parametric amplifier.
Achieving remarkable mechanochromism and white-light emission with thermally activated delayed fluorescence through the molecular heredity principle (2016)

Achieving high contrast mechanochromism (Δ<i>λ</i><sub>em,max</sub> > 100 nm) and white-light emission under mild conditions from a single compound with a simple structure is a great challenge. Herein, we report a novel dual-emissive compound, namely SCP, with an asymmetric molecular structure that fully inherits the photophysical properties of the parent molecules SC<sub>2</sub> and SP<sub>2</sub>. SCP shows high contrast, linearly tunable mechanochromism and bright white-light emission arising from a combination of traditional fluorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The origin of the dual-emission for SCP was demonstrated based on the analysis of the white-emitting single crystals. In addition, a mechanism of luminochromism for SCP driven by the application of mechanical force is proposed. These observations present a rational design strategy for the development of high performance multi-functional materials for white-light emission.
Automotive multi-mode cascaded radar data processing embedded system (2018)

Radars play a major role in providing sensing capabilities for active safety automotive applications. Multi-transmitter and multi-receiver radar systems are becoming popular in order to detect and classify objects in complex urban driving scenarios. This work describes hardware and software modules designed for a multi-mode cascaded radar data processing system. We derive system configuration and data processing requirements based on current state of the art and future multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar processing requirements. The proposed system is expected to meet these requirements with ≤75% AWR12x and <; 60% TDA2x utilization.
Oncogene Organisation and Expression: Prediction in Breast Cancer (1989)

The aim of the present study was to identify genes whose expression and/or organisation are altered in the diseased breast, as compared to the normal breast. Alteration of one or more genes examined has been found to occur in over 60% of breast tumour samples. Changes to three cellular proto-oncogenes are frequent, and amplification of two of these genes correlates with poor short-term prognosis. Deletion of RB-1, a tumour suppressor gene, has been detected and although these deletions do not correlate with poor prognosis, they occur more commonly in advanced tumours. A loss of sequences encoding the progesterone receptors has also been found to be frequent.
An adaptive algorithm with information-dependent data forgetting (2005)

An adaptive algorithm is derived, based on a weighted least-squares criterion incorporating a penalty on parameter variations. The result is a recursive algorithm whose covariance matrix update is identical to existing regularized or stabilized least-squares algorithms. In particular, the covariance matrix and its inverse are bounded under weak conditions. The parameter update equation is different from conventional algorithms and exhibits a second-order response, as opposed to the first-order response of the standard weighted least-squares algorithm. An averaging analysis shows that a linear time-invariant approximation of the parameter response gives useful information about the system. The approximate system has two sets of poles, with one set being the same as the one obtained for the weighted least-squares algorithm. The other set of poles is close to the origin in the z-plane when there is significant excitation, and close to the number one when the excitation vanishes. The results allow one to select design parameters so that the algorithm reacts with a fast response under normal conditions, but slows down when the excitation is insufficient to yield adequate noise rejection.
Osteoporosis: A Pediatric Concern? (2007)

Osteoporosis and related fractures are a major public health concern globally, and the incidence and subsequent morbidity, mortality and health care costs are expected to increase dramatically over the coming decades. Although osteoporosis was once considered (primarily) a disease of the elderly, there is now universal agreement that the condition has pediatric antecedents. Although genetic factors play an important role in the attainment of an optimal adult (peak) bone mass and strength, lifestyle factors such as physical activity and nutrition are also important determinants of children's bone development. However, there is still much research needed to identify the exact role of modifiable lifestyle factors and childhood illness on long-term adult bone health and fracture risk. Much of our current knowledge is based on bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; but with rapidly advancing technology, researchers will be able to more accurately assess other indices of bone strength, such as the material and structural properties of bone, during the growing years. Based on our current knowledge, however, it is clear that intervention strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of osteoporosis must begin in childhood or adolescence if they are to have maximal effect.
Gene expression profiling for molecular classification of multiple myeloma in newly diagnosed patients (2010)

To identify molecularly defined subgroups in multiple myeloma, gene expression profiling was performed on purified CD138(+) plasma cells of 320 newly diagnosed myeloma patients included in the Dutch-Belgian/German HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 trial. Hierarchical clustering identified 10 subgroups; 6 corresponded to clusters described in the University of Arkansas for Medical Science (UAMS) classification, CD-1 (n = 13, 4.1%), CD-2 (n = 34, 1.6%), MF (n = 32, 1.0%), MS (n = 33, 1.3%), proliferation-associated genes (n = 15, 4.7%), and hyperdiploid (n = 77, 24.1%). Moreover, the UAMS low percentage of bone disease cluster was identified as a subcluster of the MF cluster (n = 15, 4.7%). One subgroup (n = 39, 12.2%) showed a myeloid signature. Three novel subgroups were defined, including a subgroup of 37 patients (11.6%) characterized by high expression of genes involved in the nuclear factor kappa light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathway, which include TNFAIP3 and CD40. Another subgroup of 22 patients (6.9%) was characterized by distinct overexpression of cancer testis antigens without overexpression of proliferation genes. The third novel cluster of 9 patients (2.8%) showed up-regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatases PRL-3 and PTPRZ1 as well as SOCS3. To conclude, in addition to 7 clusters described in the UAMS classification, we identified 3 novel subsets of multiple myeloma that may represent unique diagnostic entities.
Effect of the Substrate Orientation on the Transport Properties of La <sub>0.67</sub> Sr <sub>0.33</sub> MnO <sub>3</sub> Epitaxial Films (2000)

The transport properties of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) epitaxial films on differently orientated LaAlO3 substrates have been studied. The as-deposited films with different orientation exhibit different transport behaviours. The resistivity of the films on the (100) and (110) substrates undergoes a metal-insulator transition while the resistivity of the film on the (111) substrate is insulator-like. This is attributed to the discrepancy of oxygen deficiency in the samples which is influenced by the lattice mismatch between the film and the substrate. After being annealed at 700°C in 1-atm flowing pure oxygen for half an hour, all films have the same resistivity behaviour as the bulk LSMO, which may be important for future applications.
Monolithic millimeter-wave IMPATT oscillator and active antenna (2003)

A monolithic IMPATT fabrication technique was developed to integrate active devices and radiating elements on the same surface of a semi-insulating GaAs substrate. Since the IMPATT diode resonator also acted as the radiating element, the oscillator was automatically matched to the antenna properties, eliminating antenna feed mismatch losses. Devices operating at 43.3 GHz produced 26 mW CW output power with 7.1% conversion efficiency. The oscillation frequency and the radiation patterns were determined by the properties of the on-chip circuitry. This monolithic oscillator was also coupled to waveguide using several configurations. Low-cost oscillator fabrication was demonstrated; linear arrays of such radiating elements were produced and radiation patterns were determined as a function of interelement spacings and element numbers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mass spectrometric analysis of human soluble catechol <i>O</i>‐methyltransferase expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1994)

Technological advances in the field of mass spectrometry (MS) are providing powerful analytical means for the investigation of proteins and peptides. In the present work we have used pneumatically assisted electrospray (ion‐spray) MS for the biochemical characterization of recombinant human catechol O ‐methyltransferase (rhCOMT). hCOMT could be expressed in Escherichia coli in large quantities but in two forms of different size, both enzymically active. Electrospray MS analysis showed that the smaller rhCOMT protein had a molecular mass of 24352±2Da, corresponding to the calculated value for native hCOMT (without the initiating methionine), whereas that mass of the larger protein was of 25775±4Da. To investigate the molecular differences between the two proteins, they were digested with trypsin and the peptides produced analysed by electrospray MS. Neither protein apparently contained disulfide bridges and the observed molecular masses of the tryptic peptides corresponded to the calculated values. It was possible to determine, however, that the larger protein contained an extended C‐terminus with the correct sequence GPGSEAGP plus an additional stretch, EDLR. This C‐terminal extension resulted from ribosomal frameshift at the codon of the last proline (CCC, rare codon in prokaryotes). In fact, rightward frameshifting would produce a hCOMT form with an additional stretch of 11 amino acid (EDLRSHHHHHH) and the calculated molecular mass of this protein (25773.5Da) is in good agreement with our experimental result. The differential reactivity of the cysteine residues of the correct rhCOMT enzyme, in the presence and in the absence of S ‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (AdoMet) and MgCl 2 , was also studied. 5‐Iodoacetamido fluorescein (5‐IAF) was used as thiol‐modifying reagent. Under the conditions used, 5‐IAF rapidly inactivated rhCOMT but the presence of AdoMet and MgCl 2 partially protected it from inactivation. The 5‐IAF‐labeled tryptic peptides were separated by HPLC and then submitted to electrospray MS and tandem MS. Several cysteine residues appeared to be readily available to chemical modification by 5‐IAF. Incorporation of 5‐IAF occurred to a larger extent into Cys32, Cys68, Cys94 and Cys172. AdoMet and MgCl 2 markedly reduced the label incorporation into Cys68 and Cys94, therefore suggesting that these residues belong to a region at or near the binding site of AdoMet.
The Bainite Controversy (2013)

There has long existed a controversy regarding the formation of the bainite phase in steels. Nonetheless, following the clear identification of bainite in 1930, several characteristic features associated with the bainite transformation became well established. These features include: the classification into upper and lower bainite; the existence of a bainite start temperature; and the incomplete reaction phenomenon. Accordingly, two competing theories have been developed to explain the bainite transformation. However, no overriding consensus has been reached as to which is correct. The first theory invokes a diffusion controlled transformation, describing the growth of bainite via the propagation of ledges – a series of steps on the transformation interface. The second interpretation favours a displacive, diffusionless transformation. Bainite growth occurs via the autocatalytic nucleation and growth of successive subunits or platelets. Over time, a wealth of techniques has been implemented in order to increase the understanding of the mechanism by which bainite forms. From the early approaches that involved thermodynamic and kinetic considerations; through detailed work on the crystallography of the transformation; to studies involving advanced characterisation techniques that focused on the distribution of atoms, etc. Some of the theories have been progressively adapted to new evidence and new concepts as they emerge. For example, the concepts of the T 0 curve and of paraequilibrium transformation. This work presents a chronological summary of the two theories of the bainite transformation, charting their progression and noting the variety of evidence both in support of and in contradiction to each viewpoint. The bainite controversy is still debated by steel metallurgists today, although it has mostly been reduced to the question of whether or not bainitic ferrite initially forms with a supersaturation of carbon. This review gathers and evaluates some of the accumulated work in the hope that this question may finally be answered.
Magnetically Retrievable Rh(0) Nanocomposite as Relevant Catalyst for Mild Hydrogenation of Functionalized Arenes in Water (2016)

A Rh0@γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite was easily prepared by straightforward deposit of metal nanoparticles on the nonfunctionalized magnetic support through a wet impregnation method. This nanomaterial proved to be highly active and magnetically retrievable in room-temperature hydrogenation of various arenes under atmospheric hydrogen pressure in neat water. The catalytic applications were extended to the selective reduction of nitroarenes into aniline, a relevant synthon for industrial applications, and to the dechlorination of chloroarenes, which could be of great interest for wastewater treatment. Finally, these Rh0@γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites were compared to their Pd analogs, thus affording complementary catalytic activities.