gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The amino acid sequence of rabbit skeletal alpha-tropomyosin. The NH2-terminal half and complete sequence (1978)

The amino acid sequence of the large cyanogen bromide fragment (residues 11 to 127) derived from the NH2-terminal half of alpha-tropomyosin has been determined. This was achieved by automatic sequence analysis of the whole fragment as well as manual sequencing of fragments derived from tryptic digestion of the maleylated fragment and thermolytic, Myxobacter 495 alpha-lytic and Staphylococcus aureus protease digestion of the unmodified fragment. Methionine-containing overlap peptides have been isolated from tryptic digests of the maleylated protein as well as from S. aureus protease digests of the unmodified protein. Coupled with previously published information on the small cyanogen bromide fragments and methionine sequences of tropomyosin, these analyses have permitted the completion of the primary structure of the protein. The complete sequence differs by only 1 residue (Gln-24 instead of Glu-24) from that previously reported. Analysis of the sequence by several authors has permitted rational explanations for the stabilization of its coiled-coil structure, for the existence of its two chains in a nonstaggered arrangement, for a head-to-tail overlap of molecular ends of 8 to 9 residues, for the existence of 14 actin-binding sites on each tropomyosin molecule, and a suggestion for the site of binding of troponin-T.
Protein trafficking defects in inherited kidney diseases (2014)

The nephron, the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney, is lined by different, highly differentiated polarized epithelial cells. Their concerted action modifies the composition of the glomerular ultrafiltrate through reabsorption and secretion of essential solutes to finally produce urine. The highly specialized properties of the different epithelial cell types of the nephron are remarkable and rely on the regulated delivery of specific proteins to their final subcellular localization. Hence, mutations affecting sorting of individual proteins or inactivating the epithelial trafficking machinery have severe functional consequences causing disease. The presence of mutations leading to protein trafficking defect is indeed a mechanism of pathogenesis seen in an increasing number of disorders, including about one-third of monogenic diseases affecting the kidney. In this review, we focus on representative diseases to discuss different molecular mechanisms that primarily lead to defective protein transport, such as endoplasmic reticulum retention, mistargeting, defective endocytosis or degradation, eventually resulting in epithelial cell and kidney dysfunction. For each disease, we discuss the type of reported mutations, their molecular and cellular consequences and possible strategies for therapeutic intervention. Particular emphasis is given to new and prospective therapies aimed at rescuing the trafficking defect at the basis of these conformational diseases.
One-click white balance using human skin reflectance (2009)

Figure 1: A single click allows our white balance method to produce more natural skin tones. Existing methods for white balancing photographs tend to rely on skilled interaction from the user, which is prohibitive for most amateur photographers. We propose a minimal interaction system for white balancing photographs that contain humans. Many of the pictures taken by amateur photographers fall into this category. Our system matches a user-selected patch of skin in a photograph to an entry in a skin reflectance function database. The estimate of the illuminant that emerges from the skin matching can be used to white balance the photograph, allowing users to compensate for biased illumination in an image with a single click. We compare the quality of our results to output from three other low-interaction methods, including commercial approaches such as Google Picasa’s one-click relighting [19], a whitepoint-based algorithm [16], and Ebner’s localized gray-world algorithm [7]. The comparisons indicate that our approach offers several advantages for amateur photographers.
Shedding of TRAP by a Rhomboid Protease from the Malaria Sporozoite Surface Is Essential for Gliding Motility and Sporozoite Infectivity (2012)

Plasmodium sporozoites, the infective stage of the malaria parasite, move by gliding motility, a unique form of locomotion required for tissue migration and host cell invasion. TRAP, a transmembrane protein with extracellular adhesive domains and a cytoplasmic tail linked to the actomyosin motor, is central to this process. Forward movement is achieved when TRAP, bound to matrix or host cell receptors, is translocated posteriorly. It has been hypothesized that these adhesive interactions must ultimately be disengaged for continuous forward movement to occur. TRAP has a canonical rhomboid-cleavage site within its transmembrane domain and mutations were introduced into this sequence to elucidate the function of TRAP cleavage and determine the nature of the responsible protease. Rhomboid cleavage site mutants were defective in TRAP shedding and displayed slow, staccato motility and reduced infectivity. Moreover, they had a more dramatic reduction in infectivity after intradermal inoculation compared to intravenous inoculation, suggesting that robust gliding is critical for dermal exit. The intermediate phenotype of the rhomboid cleavage site mutants suggested residual, albeit inefficient cleavage by another protease. We therefore generated a mutant in which both the rhomboid-cleavage site and the alternate cleavage site were altered. This mutant was non-motile and non-infectious, demonstrating that TRAP removal from the sporozoite surface functions to break adhesive connections between the parasite and extracellular matrix or host cell receptors, which in turn is essential for motility and invasion.
A learning strategy of student question generation to enhance comprehension of learning materials in digital classroom environment (2005)

With the features of supports by one-on-one educational computing, students can not only be a knowledge receiver, but also take more responsible in the learning activities. AGQ which stands for asking a good question was proposed to describe a learning model for student question generation in the classroom. A trail test was conducted in a graduate course, and some problems were found in this model. In this work, we present an extended AGQ model to address these problems and encourage students to have more cognitive operations for the learning materials. A follow-up experiment was carried out to get more experiences for the usability and feasibility of the model for the paper reading task in the graduate course.
Arynic condensations of ketone enolates. 15. New synthetic applications of the condensation of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketone enolates on benzyne (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArynic condensations of ketone enolates. 15. New synthetic applications of the condensation of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketone enolates on benzyneMunir Essiz, Gerald Guillaumet, Jean Jacques Brunet, and Paul CaubereCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 2, 240–246Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01290a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01290a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views924Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supporting and expanding community-based HIV/AIDS prevention and care responses : a report on Save the Children (US) Malawi COPE Project (2002)

In 1995, Save the Children/US-Malawi introduced a small pilot project called COPE-Community-based Options for Protection and Empowerment, to provide direct services to prevent, and mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on children, families, and communities in one district. Over the past six years, the program has evolved, and expanded to four districts, covering nine percent of the national population. The goal of COPE is to mobilize sustainable community action, utilizing existing indigenous social infrastructures, and a three tier structure - District AIDS Coordinating Committees (DACCs), Community AIDS Committees (CACs), and Village AIDS Committees (VACs). The program is multi-sectoral, and involves partnerships with government, business communities, local leaders, other nongovernmental organizations, and community-based organizations, and religious organizations. Program success, and challenges are included.
3D Printing of Highly Conductive Nanocomposites for the Functional Optimization of Liquid Sensors (2016)

The utilization of 3D printing of highly conductive (σ ≈ 2350 S m<sup>-1</sup> ) polymer composite structures for the functional optimization of scaffold-shaped liquid sensors is demonstrated. This study can open the pathway of the application of 3D printing of conductive composites for optimization of structures useful for various applications such as smart sensors in textile or in the field of electronics.
THE TIMING OF FACIAL MOTION IN POSED AND SPONTANEOUS SMILES (2004)

Almost all work in automatic facial expression analysis has focused on recognition of prototypic expressions rather than dynamic changes in appearance over time. To investigate the relative contribution of dynamic features to expression recognition, we used automatic feature tracking to measure the relation between amplitude and duration of smile onsets in spontaneous and deliberate smiles of 81 young adults of Euro- and African-American background. Spontaneous smiles were of smaller amplitude and had a larger and more consistent relation between amplitude and duration than deliberate smiles. A linear discriminant classifier using timing and amplitude measures of smile onsets achieved a 93% recognition rate. Using timing measures alone, recognition rate declined only marginally to 89%. These findings suggest that by extracting and representing dynamic as well as morphological features, automatic facial expression analysis can begin to discriminate among the message values of morphologically similar expressions.
High fidelity neuronal networks formed by plasma masking with a bilayer membrane: analysis of neurodegenerative and neuroprotective processes (2011)

Spatially defined neuronal networks have great potential to be used in a wide spectrum of neurobiology assays. We present an original technique for the precise and reproducible formation of neuronal networks. A PDMS membrane comprising through-holes aligned with interconnecting microchannels was used during oxygen plasma etching to dry mask a protein rejecting poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) adlayer. Patterns were faithfully replicated to produce an oxidized interconnected array pattern which supported protein adsorption. Differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells adhered to the array nodes with the micron-scale interconnecting tracks guiding neurite outgrowth to produce neuronal connections and establish a network. A 2.0 μm track width was optimal for high-level network formation and node compliance. These spatially standardized neuronal networks were used to analyse the dynamics of acrylamide-induced neurite degeneration and the protective effects of co-treatment with calpeptin or brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
High-Performance Pipelined Architecture of Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication Over GF(2<sup>m</sup>) (2015)

This paper proposes an efficient pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication (ECSM) over GF(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> ). The architecture uses a bit-parallel finite field (FF) multiplier accumulator (MAC) based on the Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm. The Montgomery ladder algorithm is modified for better sharing of execution paths. The data path in the architecture is well designed, so that the critical path contains few extra logic primitives apart from the FF MAC. In order to find the optimal number of pipeline stages, scheduling schemes with different pipeline stages are proposed and the ideal placement of pipeline registers is thoroughly analyzed. We implement ECSM over the five binary fields recommended by the National Institute of Standard and Technology on Xilinx Virtex-4 and Virtex-5 field-programmable gate arrays. The three-stage pipelined architecture is shown to have the best performance, which achieves a scalar multiplication over GF(2163) in 6.1 μs using 7354 Slices on Virtex-4. Using Virtex-5, the scalar multiplication for m = 163, 233, 283, 409, and 571 can be achieved in 4.6, 7.9, 10.9, 19.4, and 36.5 μs, respectively, which are faster than previous results.
THE ACTION OF RELAXIN ON THE PUBIC SYMPHYSIS OF THE GUINEA-PIG, STUDIED ELECTROMETRICALLY (1952)

Liquid junction potentials were determined in the pubic symphyses of guinea-pigs. The electrolytes studied were isotonic NaCl and its 1/10 dilution, and isotonic KCl. A theoretical treatment relates values found at various stages of relaxation to the density of immobile, negatively charged colloid of the symphysial connective tissue matrix. Spayed females were injected with small priming doses of oestradiol benzoate for 4 days, then treated with graded doses of relaxin, and potential readings made 8–10 hr. later. Linear relations were found between junction potentials and the logarithm of the relaxin dose. An electrometric unit of relaxin is defined as that amount of hormone producing a 50% decrement in the density of immobile colloidal charge at the symphysis. This approximates the standard 'palpation unit'. Animals treated with priming doses of oestrogen alone gave no significant potential fall, while large doses of relaxin alone showed low normal values. Thus the necessity for both hormones in evoking the full electrometric relaxation response confirms findings of previous authors on palpable relaxation.
Total Synthesis of Gymnorrhizol, an Unprecedented 15‐Membered Macrocyclic Polydisulfide from the Chinese Mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effects of aging on single cardiac myocyte function in Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats (2000)

The Fischer 344 x Brown Norway (F344xBN) rat has been demonstrated to have a lower incidence of age-related pathology than other rat strains. Therefore, to elucidate the effects of aging on cardiac function, uncomplicated by compensatory effects caused by age-related pathology, cardiac myocytes were isolated from female F344xBN rats at 6 (young) and 32-33 (old) mo of age. Myocytes showed an increase in the relative amount of beta-myosin heavy chain with advanced age and a significant rightward shift in the tension-pCa curve from 5.78 +/- 0.02 pCa units in young adult myocytes to 5.66 +/- 0.03 pCa units. Consistent with a shift to a slower myosin isoform, the time from stimulation to peak sarcomere shortening increased with age from 50.5 +/- 1.3 to 58.9 +/- 1.0 ms. In contrast, no age-related difference was found in either the relengthening parameters or the Ca(2+) transient, indicating that relaxation is not directly altered by aging. This latter finding is at variance with previous studies in rat strains with higher rates of pathology. We conclude, therefore, that the primary effect of aging in isolated cardiac myocytes from the F344xBN rat model is a shift in the myosin heavy chain isoform. Changes in relaxation seen in other rat strains may result from compensatory mechanisms induced by pathological conditions.
Ions, Free Radicals, and Radical-Ions (1974)

The naming of organic chemical structures that contain one or more unpaired electrons or that carry a formal positive or negative charge is discussed in this chapter. Included among such structures are many that may be called "reactive intermediates" or, indeed, are purely hypothetical; however, this does not eliminate the need for unambiguous systematic names. Because nomenclature in this field has been inconsistent and poorly defined in some areas, continuing study and development of naming methods to accommodate both known and new structural classes have taken place in recent years. The recommendations presented here are the result of careful consideration of available official rules, published proposals, and past usage; they deviate to some extent from practices recognized by the 1965 IUPAC Rules, and in some cases they introduce names not previously approved or widely used. These "new" names, however, are formed systematically by extending established nomenclature principles; they are not
Correction: Improved Density in Aligned Arrays of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Sequential Chemical Vapor Deposition on Quartz (2010)

fifth panel (Figure The correct Figure
Zirconium-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Removal of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxin from Human Serum Albumin (2019)

Uremic toxins often accumulate in patients with compromised kidney function, like those with chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to major clinical complications including serious illness and death. Sufficient removal of these toxins from the blood increases the efficacy of hemodialysis, as well as the survival rate, in CKD patients. Understanding the interactions between an adsorbent and the uremic toxins is critical for designing effective materials to remove these toxic compounds. Herein, we study the adsorption behavior of the uremic toxins, p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, and hippuric acid, in a series of zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The pyrene-based MOF, NU-1000, offers the highest toxin removal efficiency of all the MOFs in this study. Other Zr-based MOFs possessing comparable surface areas and pore sizes to NU-1000 while lacking an extended aromatic system have much lower toxin removal efficiency. From single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses assisted by density functional theory calculations, we determined that the high adsorption capacity of NU-1000 can be attributed to the highly hydrophobic adsorption sites sandwiched by two pyrene linkers and the hydroxyls and water molecules on the Zr<sub>6</sub> nodes, which are capable of hydrogen bonding with polar functional groups of guest molecules. Further, NU-1000 almost completely removes p-cresyl sulfate from human serum albumin, a protein that these uremic toxins bind to in the body. These results offer design principles for potential MOFs candidates for uremic toxin removal.
Experimental immunization of sows with cell-cultured TGE virus. (1970)

Five sows were inoculated with a cell-cultured, cytopathic strain of the virus of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE). Two sows were inoculated intramuscularly, and three by the intramammary route. The response was measured by the neutralizing antibody titers in the serum and the milk, and by the protection against experimental challenge of piglets nursing the sows. There were no marked differences in the serum or milk antibody titers resulting after the two methods of inoculation, although milk titers at the time of challenge were higher after intramammary inoculation. Piglets nursing sows inoculated by the intramammary route were protected to a greater extent than those nursing sows inoculated intramuscularly.
Laser photoelectron spectrometry of the negative ions of iron and iron carbonyls. Electron affinity determination for the series Fe(CO)n, n = 0,1,2,3,4 (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser photoelectron spectrometry of the negative ions of iron and iron carbonyls. Electron affinity determination for the series Fe(CO)n, n = 0,1,2,3,4P. C. Engelking and W. C. LinebergerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 19, 5569–5573Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00513a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00513a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views404Altmetric-Citations156LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coherent Optical OFDM Transmitter Design Employing Predistortion (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this letter, we analyze the transmitter design for coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) employing predistortion. Digital clipping and digital predistortion processes are introduced to the radio frequency OFDM transmitter to compensate the nonlinearity effect introduced by the optical in-phase/quadrature modulator. We first provide a detailed description of signal processing involved in digital clipping and predistortion. We then carry out a numerical simulation to identify the performance dependence on clipping ratio, digital-to-analog converter (DAC) resolution, and modulation index. We find that for quadrature phase-shift keying modulation, 4-bit DAC resolution is sufficient for the CO-OFDM transmitter to incur only 0.3-dB <emphasis><formula> <tex>$Q$</tex></formula></emphasis> penalty while maintaining the excess modulation insertion loss less than 6.0 dB. The performance improvement of the predistorted transmitter over nonpredistorted one is also discussed. </para>