gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Sliding Mode Control with PID Tuning for Uncertain Systems (2008)

Abstract—This paper proposes a novel adaptive sliding mode control with PID tuning method for a class of uncertain systems. The goal is to achieve system robustness against parameter variations and external disturbances. Suitable PID control gain parameters can be systematically on-line computed according to the developed adaptive law. To reduce the high frequency chattering in the switching part of the controller, the boundary layer technique is utilized. The proposed method controller is applied to a brushless DC motor control system. Simulation results demonstrate that satisfactory trajectory tracking is achieved effectively and the input chattering is eliminated completely. Index Terms—PID controller, adaptive control, sliding mode control, robustness. I.
Increasing crop yield and resilience with trehalose 6-phosphate: targeting a feast–famine mechanism in cereals for better source–sink optimization (2017)

Food security is a pressing global issue. New approaches are required to break through a yield ceiling that has developed in recent years for the major crops. As important as increasing yield potential is the protection of yield from abiotic stresses in an increasingly variable and unpredictable climate. Current strategies to improve yield include conventional breeding, marker-assisted breeding, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), mutagenesis, creation of hybrids, genetic modification (GM), emerging genome-editing technologies, and chemical approaches. A regulatory mechanism amenable to three of these approaches has great promise for large yield improvements. Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) synthesized in the low-flux trehalose biosynthetic pathway signals the availability of sucrose in plant cells as part of a whole-plant sucrose homeostatic mechanism. Modifying T6P content by GM, marker-assisted selection, and novel chemistry has improved yield in three major cereals under a range of water availabilities from severe drought through to flooding. Yield improvements have been achieved by altering carbon allocation and how carbon is used. Targeting T6P both temporally and spatially offers great promise for large yield improvements in productive (up to 20%) and marginal environments (up to 120%). This opinion paper highlights this important breakthrough in fundamental science for crop improvement.
Fingerprint indexing based on composite set of reduced SIFT features (2008)

Most of current fingerprint indexing schemes utilize features based on global textures and minutiae structures. To extend the existing technology of feature extraction, this paper proposes a new fingerprint indexing and retrieval scheme using scale invariant feature transformation (SIFT), which has been widely used in generic image retrieval. With slight loss in effectiveness, we reduce the number of features generated from one fingerprint for efficiency. To cope with the uncertainty of acquisition (e.g. partialness, distortion), we use a composite set of features to form multiple impressions for the fingerprint representation. In the index construction phase, the use of locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) allows us to perform similarity queries by only examining a small fraction of the database. Experiments on database FVC2000 and FVC2002 show the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.
Design and Development of a 12:1 Pressure Ratio Compressor for the Ruston 6-MW Gas Turbine (1982)

The paper describes the design and development of a 15 stage axial flow compressor for a 6-MW industrial gas turbine. Detailed aspects of the aerodynamic design are presented together with rig test data for the complete characteristic including stage data. Predictions of spanwise flow distributions are compared with measured values for the front stages of the compressor. Variable stagger stator blading is used to control the position of the low-speed surge line and the effects of the stagger changes are discussed.
A 9 ns 1 Mb CMOS SRAM (2003)

A 1-Mb (256k*4/1M*1) CMOS SRAM (static random access memory), fabricated using a half-micron triple-poly double-metal CMOS technology, is reported. A 9-ns access time is attained with 5-V supply and 30-pF load capacitance. This access time has been achieved with a three-stage pMOS cross-coupled sense amplifier, 0.6- mu m high-performance MOSFETs, and an optimized internal supply voltage scheme. A redundancy scheme with no access time penalty has been incorporated. The sense amplifier circuit combined with a CMOS cross-coupled preamplifier has under 10-ns access time. Address and data output waveforms are shown. Typical active current is 55 mA at 30 MHz, and typical standby current is 15 mA (TTL). Typical RAM characteristics are listed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Light scattering by fractal aggregates : a Monte-Carlo method in the geometrical optics limit (1989)

A numerical Monte-Carlo method is presented to study the scattering of polarized light by an assembly of identical spheres in the geometrical optics limit where the radius of the spheres is larger than the wavelength of the incident beam. In this limit both coherence effects and diffraction phenomena are not taken into account. The rays (direction and intensity) are followed during their refractions/reflections using the Snell-Descartes laws and Fresnel formulae. On each diopter, refraction, or reflection, is chosen at random and the resulting scattered intensity is corrected accordingly. The method is applied to both deterministic and random fractal aggregates of various fractal dimensions D containing up to 28 561 (deterministic) and 4 096 (random) spheres. The scattering cross-section as well as the relative intensities for various scattered angles and polarizations are systematically studied as a function of the size of the aggregates and simple scaling relations are obtained. The difference of behavior between transparent (D < 2) and opaque (D > 2) aggregates is stressed.
A simple adaptive routing scheme for ShuffleNet multihop lightwave networks (2003)

The authors describe a simple, adaptive routing scheme for datagram (connectionless) and virtual circuit (connection-oriented) transmission that relieves congestion resulting from nonuniform traffic patterns and network failures. It is a distributed algorithm that uses only local state information available at the user locations. When the network is congestion free, the routing scheme delivers packets in the minimum number of hops. However, as a channel becomes overloaded, some of the traffic is distributed over less busy channels by automatically bumping packets in nonoptimal directions. The ShuffleNet connectivity makes it possible to disperse packets away from congested portions of the network quickly. Simulations of the adaptive routing scheme for datagram transmission demonstrates that it supports nonuniform traffic patterns, reduces the mean queue sizes and variances, and requires small resequencing buffers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel structure of dynamic configurable scan chain bypassing unconcerned segments on the fly (2013)

Most of the implementations of boundary scan chains are of fixed length, typically hundreds or thousands. Because the whole chain is scanned every time, many clock cycles are wasted when only a small part of it is concerned. In this paper, a novel structure of configurable boundary scan chain is proposed. Its length and content can be reconfigured without interrupting the chip's functionality. Experimental result shows that the maximum frequency can be as high as 510.4MHz for a full-configurable chain with 512 cells, under 32 nm process, which is 15.7x better than the intuitive method. The proposed structure has been applied to a processor prototype design, and is expected to meet requirements of different applications.
Query co-processing on commodity processors (2006)

The rapid increase in the data volumes for the past few decades has intensified the need for high processing power for database and data mining applications. Researchers have actively sought to design and develop new architectures for improving the performance. Recent research shows that the performance can be significantly improved using either (a) effective utilization of architectural features and memory hierarchies used by the conventional processors, or (b) the high computational power and memory bandwidth in commodity hardware such as network processing units (NPUs), Cell processors and graphics processing units (GPUs). This tutorial will survey the micro-architectural and architectural differences across these processors with data management in mind, and will present previous work and future opportunities for expanding query processing algorithms to other hardware than general-purpose processors. In addition to the database community, we intend to increase awareness in the computer architecture scene about opportunities to construct heterogeneous chips.
Antibodies against high‐risk human papillomavirus proteins as markers for invasive cervical cancer (2014)

Different human papillomavirus (HPV) genes are expressed during the various phases of the HPV life cycle and may elicit immune responses in the process towards malignancy. To evaluate their association with cervical cancer, antibodies against proteins from HPV16 (L1, E1, E2, E4, E6 and E7) and HPV18/31/33/35/45/52/58 (L1, E6 and E7) were measured in serum of 307 invasive cervical cancer cases and 327 controls from Algeria and India. Antibody response was evaluated using a glutathione S-transferase-based multiplex serology assay and HPV DNA detected from exfoliated cervical cells using a GP5+/6+-mediated PCR assay. Among HPV16 DNA-positive cases, seroprevalence of HPV16 antibodies ranged from 16% for HPV16 E1 to 50% for HPV16 E6 and all were significantly higher than controls. Seroprevalence of E6, E7 and L1 antibodies for HPV18 and for at least one of HPV31/33/35/45/52/58 were also higher in cases positive for DNA of the corresponding type (50% and 30% for E6 of HPV18 and HPV31/33/35/45/52/58 combined, respectively). E6 and E7 antibodies were rarely found in controls, but cross-reactivity was evident among cancer cases positive for DNA of closely phylogenetically-related HPV types. E6 or E7 antibodies against any of the eight HPV types were detected in 66.1% of all cervical cancer cases, as compared to 10.1% of controls. E6, and to a lesser extent E7, antibodies appear to be specific markers of HPV-related malignancy. However, even among cases positive for the same type of HPV DNA, approximately one-third of cervical cancer cases show no detectable immune response to either E6 or E7.
El discurso de identidad y etnicidad en el ideal poscolonialista (2014)

El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre la identidad y etnicidad regional y sus representaciones vistas desde el imaginario que se utiliza desde el mundo prehispánico hasta la actualidad para reconstruirse como revolucionarios o sujetos globales únicos, de tal forma que se generen rupturas en los comportamientos actuales hasta crear símbolos representativos de la constitución de la identidad local. Se aborda el discurso de identidad que utilizan los actores para posicionarse en un contexto social determinado.
A Detailed Investigation and Analysis of Using Machine Learning Techniques for Intrusion Detection (2018)

Intrusion detection is one of the important security problems in todays cyber world. A significant number of techniques have been developed which are based on machine learning approaches. However, they are not very successful in identifying all types of intrusions. In this paper, a detailed investigation and analysis of various machine learning techniques have been carried out for finding the cause of problems associated with various machine learning techniques in detecting intrusive activities. Attack classification and mapping of the attack features is provided corresponding to each attack. Issues which are related to detecting low-frequency attacks using network attack dataset are also discussed and viable methods are suggested for improvement. Machine learning techniques have been analyzed and compared in terms of their detection capability for detecting the various category of attacks. Limitations associated with each category of them are also discussed. Various data mining tools for machine learning have also been included in the paper. At the end, future directions are provided for attack detection using machine learning techniques.
Quantum theory of the complex dielectric constant of free carriers in polar semiconductors (1982)

The optical constants and reflectivity of a semiconductor are known as functions of the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant. The imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant e <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> is proportional to the optical conductivity, which has recently been calculated from the quantum density matrix equation of motion. The expression obtained for e <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> reduces to the Drude result, as obtained from the quasi-classical Boltzmann transport equation, in the limit of low frequencies and elastic scattering mechanisms, and to the quantum result found using time dependent perturbation theory in the limit of high frequencies. This paper derives the real part of the complex dielectric constant e <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> for a III-V or II-VI semiconductor with the band structure of the Kane theory, using the quantum density matrix method. The relation of e <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> to the second order perturbation energy of the system is shown, and the reflectivity is a minimum when the second order perturbation energy vanishes. The quantum calculation for e <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> gives approximately the same result as the Drude theory, except near the fundamental absorption edge, and reduces to the Drude result at low frequencies. Using the complex dielectric constant, the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index, the skin depth, the surface impedance, and the reflectivity are found. The plasma resonance is examined. The surface impedance and the skin depth are shown to reduce to the usual classical result in the limit that <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e_{1} = 0</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">w\tau \ll 1</tex> , where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">w</tex> is the angular frequency of the applied field and τ is the electron scattering time.
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of Huntington disease: detection of the paternally inherited expanded CAG repeat in maternal plasma (2015)

In this validation study, we demonstrated that all fetuses at risk for HD could be identified noninvasively in maternal plasma. Additionally, we have confirmed results from previously described case reports that NIPD for HD can be performed using a direct approach by PCR. For future diagnostics, parental CAG profiles can be used to predict the success rate for NIPD prior to testing.
Role of abciximab in the treatment of coronary artery disease (2006)

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex is a crucial membrane receptor for platelet aggregation, binding platelets to fibrinogen and establishing interplatelet bridges. This receptor is the common end point of the multiple activation pathways of a platelet. Antiplatelet agents, such as aspirin or thienopyridines, including ticlopidine and clopidogrel, inhibit one or more but not all, of these pathways. Inhibitors of the receptor are powerful platelet antiaggregants and include two groups of agents: non-competitive receptor blockers, such as abciximab, and competitive antagonists, such as tirofiban and eptifibatide. Abciximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex, thus blocking the interaction with fibrinogen. It is used for treatment of coronary artery disease, being well-studied in the setting of acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary intervention, in which a rapid and effective antiaggregation is clinically important.
High performances high voltage generator regulated by LVI (1990)

Experiences with the LVI (linear variable inductor) are described to demonstrate this device as a true alternate current source with instantaneous current limiting capabilities. Application of the LVI as regulating element in a low-ripple, high-voltage DC power supply is discussed. The 50% duty-cycle operation and the use of amorphous materials allow a power density of more than 300 W/kg. In order to verify the LVI's capabilities, an experimental high-voltage generator rated for 15 kV-300 W was built and tested. The generator is described, and the most important experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CASINO: A new monte carlo code in C language for electron beam interactions—part II: Tabulated values of the mott cross section (1997)

Abstract This paper presents routines to compute the Mott cross section used in the CASINO program (Monte CArlo SImulation of electroN trajectory in sOlid). The routines used tabulated values of the Mott cross section computed in the work of Czyzewski et al . (1990). The cross section is available over the range 0.02 to 30 keV and for the first 94 elements of the Periodic Table. The routines are written in C language and use a binary file to interpolate the cross section. The first routine computes the total Mott cross sections; the second calculates the polar angle of collision. Backscattered coefficients computed using different cross section are compared for C, Al, Ag, and Au. The Rutherford (1911) cross section and the available empirical equations (Browning et al . 1994, Gauvin and Drouin 1993) are compared to tabulated values of Mott. Also, the energy distribution of backscattered electrons is shown for Al and Au at 10 keV. Finally, the relative computation times for the different Mott cross sections are compared. It was found that tabulated Mott cross sections are more accurate and faster than any empirical Mott cross sections. The tabulated Mott cross sections are even faster than simple Rutherford cross sections.
Microwave‐Assisted Paal–Knorr Reaction – Three‐Step Regiocontrolled Synthesis of Polysubstituted Furans, Pyrroles and Thiophenes (2005)

Abstract An efficient and highly versatile synthesis of furans, pyrroles and thiophenes is described. Starting from commercially available or easily prepared β‐keto esters, functional homologation provides differently substituted 1,4‐diketones that can be transformed, through a microwave‐assisted Paal–Knorr condensation, into the corresponding methoxycarbonyl heterocycles. The methoxycarbonyl moiety can be directly transformed into an NH 2 group by hydrolysis to carboxylic acid and Curtius rearrangement or into an amide by reaction with a primary amine in the presence of Me 3 Al. The method is compatible with the presence of a CbzNH group so that the final heterocycle can be inserted into a peptide sequence as a turn inducer. By using this procedure, a collection of more than 60 different tetrasubstitued pyrroles or trisubstituted thiophenes has been prepared. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Initiation of Bone Development by Osteogenin and Promotion by Growth Factors (1989)

The cellular and molecular basis of bone development and its regulation by differentiation and growth factors is an exciting area of current research. This article briefly reviews the historical progress in the isolation of osteogenin, a novel bone differentiation factor, and its modulation by well known growth factors. Endochondral bone development is a multistep sequential cascade and the process must be operationally dissected. It has been accomplished with the demineralized bone matrix-induced bone formation model. The reproducible development of cartilage and bone in an extraskeletal site permits the study of the initiation of the first cycle of endochondral bone formation and mineralization. Recent progress in the isolation of osteogenin, a specific bone differentiation factor, by heparin affinity chromatography permits the further investigation of the commitment and clonal expansion of the putative osteoprogenitor stem cells. Once initiated, bone formation is promoted by growth factors such as platelet derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin like growth factor, transforming growth factor beta and a plethora of non specific cytokines. Finally bone development is further modulated by systemic hormones and nutrition and a host of physical signals including electrical, gravitational and mechanical forces.
Condensation of poly(4‐vinylacetophenone) with various araldehydes (1960)

Abstract The preparation of condensation products of poly(4‐vinyl‐acetophenone) with various substituted benzaldehydes is described. As in the case of the products obtained by condensing the poly(4‐vinylacetophenone) with benzaldehyde, these, too, show to varying degrees the property of becoming insoluble when exposed to light. This sensitivity to light is generally higher where the aldehyde used contains electrondonating substituent groups in the para ‐position. This, in turn, is also related to the ability of such products to absorb a larger proportion of the longer wavelength portion of the emitted light.
Second-Strand Synthesis-Based Massively Parallel scRNA-Seq Reveals Cellular States and Molecular Features of Human Inflammatory Skin Pathologies (2020)

High-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) methodologies enable characterization of complex biological samples by increasing the number of cells that can be profiled contemporaneously. Nevertheless, these approaches recover less information per cell than low-throughput strategies. To accurately report the expression of key phenotypic features of cells, scRNA-seq platforms are needed that are both high fidelity and high throughput. To address this need, we created Seq-Well S<sup>3</sup> ("Second-Strand Synthesis"), a massively parallel scRNA-seq protocol that uses a randomly primed second-strand synthesis to recover complementary DNA (cDNA) molecules that were successfully reverse transcribed but to which a second oligonucleotide handle, necessary for subsequent whole transcriptome amplification, was not appended due to inefficient template switching. Seq-Well S<sup>3</sup> increased the efficiency of transcript capture and gene detection compared with that of previous iterations by up to 10- and 5-fold, respectively. We used Seq-Well S<sup>3</sup> to chart the transcriptional landscape of five human inflammatory skin diseases, thus providing a resource for the further study of human skin inflammation.
The measurement of glomerular filtration rate in man with sodium iothalamate 131-I (Conray). (1966)

Summary The average inulin-to-iothalamate 131I clearance ratio obtained from 100 renal clearance studies in 16 subjects was 1.005. Iothalamate 131I provides an accurate measurement of glomerular filtration rate in man.