gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Inconsistency between Behaviors and Descriptions of Mobile Apps (2018)

Permission warnings and privacy policy enforcement are widely used to inform mobile app users of privacy threats. These mechanisms disclose information about use of privacy-sensitive resources such as user location or contact list. However, it has been reported that very few users pay attention to these mechanisms during installation. Instead, a user may focus on a more user-friendly source of information: text description, which is written by a developer who has an incentive to attract user attention. When a user searches for an app in a marketplace, his/her query keywords are generally searched on text descriptions of mobile apps. Then, users review the search results, often by reading the text descriptions; i.e., text descriptions are associated with user expectation. Given these observations, this paper aims to address the following research question: What are the primary reasons that text descriptions of mobile apps fail to refer to the use of privacy-sensitive resources? To answer the research question, we performed empirical large-scale study using a huge volume of apps with our ACODE (Analyzing COde and DEscription) framework, which combines static code analysis and text analysis. We developed light-weight techniques so that we can handle hundred of thousands of distinct text descriptions. We note that our text analysis technique does not require manually labeled descriptions; hence, it enables us to conduct a large-scale measurement study without requiring expensive labeling tasks. Our analysis of 210,000 apps, including free and paid, and multilingual text descriptions collected from official and third-party Android marketplaces revealed four primary factors that are associated with the inconsistencies between text descriptions and the use of privacy-sensitive resources: (1) existence of app building services/frameworks that tend to add API permissions/code unnecessarily, (2) existence of prolific developers who publish many applications that unnecessarily install permissions and code, (3) existence of secondary functions that tend to be unmentioned, and (4) existence of third-party libraries that access to the privacy-sensitive resources. We believe that these findings will be useful for improving users' awareness of privacy on mobile software distribution platforms.
Empirical Investigation on the Reproducibility of<sup>13</sup>C NMR Shift Values (1998)

Automated NMR spectra interpretation packages are becoming increasingly important especially now that high-throughput synthesis often vastly increases the amount of data to be analyzed in a given time frame. It is vitally important for these interpretation packages to be robust, and this means that it essential to know how the quality of NMR data varies is real life experiments. A practical test concerning the reproducibility of chemical shift information from recorded 13C NMR spectra was carried out using eight test substances. Two hundred seventy spectra were contributed from both Academia and Industry and have been subjected to a standardized interpretation. For these spectra the confidence limits of their chemical shifts have been calculated. The standard deviations found vary from 0.2 up to about 2.5 ppm, and the range of values for the shifts reported vary from ±0.7 up to more than ±7 ppm around the respective average shift. Test substances recorded in more polar solvents generally showed higher standard deviations and also exhibit a dependency of the deviation on the chemical shift value.
A novel base emitter self-alignment process for high speed bipolar LSIs (2003)

A novel base-emitter self-alignment process is described. It produces a transistor which has a cutoff frequency of 12 GHz. It provides 88 ps of propagation delay for an ECL (emitter-coupled logic) gate. The process is characterized by its extensive use of S i/sub 3/N/sub 4/. Utilizing Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ as a multipurpose layer, the main structures (active region of transistor and resistor) are defined by self-alignment from a single photomask. In addition, constituent materials are chosen to have enough mutual selectivity under conventional etching processes. Therefore, the process has an excellent reproducibility with less strict requirements than standard etching technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Eye-Hand Coordination Assessment/Therapy Using a Robotic Haptic Device (2005)

In this paper we discuss the possibility of improving eye-hand coordination in children diagnosed with this problem, using a robotic mapping from a haptic user interface to a virtual environment. Our goal is to develop an assessment and training procedure that will result in improving handwriting taking advantage of the force feedback provided by the haptic device. We also incorporate inertia and viscosity effects to decrease the tremor in the hand as well as to stimulate the muscles involved in the task of holding a pencil (known as facilitation technique in the occupational therapy field). A set of assessment tests, commonly used by occupational therapists, were chosen to implement various functions using force, inertia and viscosity effects. The test bed used for these tasks consisted of a six-degree-of-freedom force-reflecting haptic interface device, PHANToM with the GHOST SDK Software.
The Biology of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (2004)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors belonging to the superfamily of nuclear receptors. Three isoforms (alpha, delta, and gamma) have been described. They act on DNA response elements as heterodimers with the nuclear retinoic acid receptor. Their natural activating ligands are fatty acids and lipid-derived substrates. PPAR-alpha is present in liver, heart, and, to a lesser extent, skeletal muscle. When activated, it promotes fatty acid oxidation, ketone body synthesis, and glucose sparing. Fibrates, which are used as hypolipidemic drugs, are ligands of PPAR-alpha. PPAR-delta is ubiquitous and could also favor fatty acid oxidation in tissues in which PPAR-alpha is absent or less expressed. PPAR-gamma is expressed in adipose tissue, lower intestine, and cells involved in immunity. Activation of PPAR-gamma induces the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes and stimulates triglyceride storage. Thiazolidinediones are compounds used as hypoglycemic, muscle insulin-sensitizing agents in type 2 diabetes. Unexpectedly, they are activators of PPAR-gamma. Their action on muscle insulin sensitivity may be secondary to the lowering of circulating lipids on PPAR-gamma activation and to the secretion by adipocytes of insulin-sensitizing hormones such as adiponectin, all promoting glucose utilization. The PPARs are thus major regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism, allowing adaptation to the prevailing nutritional environment.
Citrate Utilization and Diacetyl Production by Various Strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris (1996)

posed that Leuconostoc paramesenteroides and related Sixty Leuconostoc strains from different culture collections were studied for taxonomic identification. Based on morphological and biochemical tests, 21 strains, including 1 from the American Type Culture Collection, were typed as Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris. The objective of this identification and of an additional phenotypic characterization of Leu. mesenteroides ssp. cremoris strains was to select the strains that were most useful for producing flavor compounds in dairy fermentations. Strains were examined for citrate utilization, production of diacetyl and acetoin under neutral and acidic conditions, diacetyl reductase activity, and plasmid profiles. Considerable variability within strains was observed. Most strains utilized citrate under neutral conditions, pH 6.5, without a concomitant production of diacetyl or acetoin. Although addition of yeast extract to milk stimulated bacterial growth and citrate utilization, no diacetyl or acetoin was detected in these cultures. Only the addition of citric acid after a preincubation period resulted in significant production of diacetyl and acetoin by pure cultures of Leu. mesenteroides ssp. cremoris. Strains were found that utilized citrate to produce diacetyl and acetoin with low diacetyl reductase activity, and these strains were compatible with acid-producing lactococci. Such strains are most valuable for use as starters for cultured dairy products that rely on the presence of diacetyl for maximum quality.
Nonstationary Electronic States and Site-Selective Reactivity (1997)

An efficient route to the site-selective reactivity of electronically excited states of multicentered molecules is discussed. In the first stage the migration of the electronic excitation occurs. This can operate over an extensive range without extensive draining of energy into the nuclear frame. Only in a second stage, once the optimal site has been reached, does the excess energy become available for bond breaking or isomerization at the new, optimal, site. This two-stage mechanism, where electronic excitation (or the charge) is the scout, avoids the pitfall of conventional large molecule kinetics. (In that view, known as the quasi equilibrium theory, the electronic excitation is first converted to nuclear modes. But then there are so many available vibrational states that the probability for the excitation energy to become localized at the necessary site is too small and the resulting reaction rate is too slow.) By confining the site search to the electronic manifold, it becomes a highly efficient process. The recent novel experiments of Weinkauf et al. on (positive) charge migration and dissociation of peptide ions are suggested as an example of the considerations above where there is a facile migration of the positive charge followed by reactivity at the selected site. The peptide is modeled as beads on a chain. Interbead and intrabead coupling are discussed in terms of adiabatic and diabatic states. We find a multistep mechanism (unlike superexchange): a charge-directed reactivity (CDR) model. Such efficient ranging could also take place in other chain structures and suggests that there will be examples where electronic processes set the time scale for the chemical change.
Drug Repositioning for Cancer Therapy Based on Large-Scale Drug-Induced Transcriptional Signatures (2016)

An in silico chemical genomics approach is developed to predict drug repositioning (DR) candidates for three types of cancer: glioblastoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer. It is based on a recent large-scale dataset of ~20,000 drug-induced expression profiles in multiple cancer cell lines, which provides i) a global impact of transcriptional perturbation of both known targets and unknown off-targets, and ii) rich information on drug's mode-of-action. First, the drug-induced expression profile is shown more effective than other information, such as the drug structure or known target, using multiple HTS datasets as unbiased benchmarks. Particularly, the utility of our method was robustly demonstrated in identifying novel DR candidates. Second, we predicted 14 high-scoring DR candidates solely based on expression signatures. Eight of the fourteen drugs showed significant anti-proliferative activity against glioblastoma; i.e., ivermectin, trifluridine, astemizole, amlodipine, maprotiline, apomorphine, mometasone, and nortriptyline. Our DR score strongly correlated with that of cell-based experimental results; the top seven DR candidates were positive, corresponding to an approximately 20-fold enrichment compared with conventional HTS. Despite diverse original indications and known targets, the perturbed pathways of active DR candidates show five distinct patterns that form tight clusters together with one or more known cancer drugs, suggesting common transcriptome-level mechanisms of anti-proliferative activity.
Properties of Fluorinated Silicon Oxide Films Formed Using Fluorotriethoxysilane for Interlayer Dielectrics in Multilevel Interconnections (1996)

Properties of a fluorinated silicon oxide (SiOF) film for interlayer dielectrics in multilevel interconnections of ultralarge‐scale integrated circuits (ULSIs) are investigated. The SiOF films are formed by a room temperature chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD) technique using fluorotriethoxysilane [, FTES] and pure water as gas sources. The SiOF film property changes by annealing at 400 or 900°C are studied. Although the Si‒O bond absorption peak position in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum is not changed by 400°C annealing, the peak position for the 900°C annealed SiOF films shifts to low wave numbers. The full width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of the Si‒O bond absorption peak increases by 400°C annealing, and it further increases by 900°C annealing. The tendency of the Si‒F bond peak absorption coefficient change is inverse to the change of FWHM, indicating that fluorine influences the Si‒O bond nature. Other properties such as the fluorine atomic concentration, refractive index, etching rate, shrinkage, residual stress, and leakage current density are changed by the annealing. These property changes are due to changes in the chemical bonding structure. No crack is observed for the SiOF films formed on aluminum wiring patterns after 400°C annealing.
Antigenemia in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Active Cytomegalovirus Infection after Liver Transplantation (1991)

In 45 liver transplant recipients, the value of weekly monitoring of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia for early diagnosis of active CMV infection was compared with serology and rapid viral isolation. Active CMV infection occurred in 23 patients. The sensitivities of the antigenemia assay and serology (of blood) and rapid viral isolation (from blood or urine) were 96%, 96%, 57%, and 70%, respectively. First diagnostic results of these methods were obtained a median of 25, 36, 31, and 49 days, respectively, after transplant. CMV infection was symptomatic in 20 patients; antigenemia was present at the onset of disease in 13 of these. Maximum CMV antigenemia levels were higher in patients with severe disease than in those with mild or asymptomatic infection. CMV antigenemia is a sensitive, early, quantitative marker of active CMV infection after liver transplantation.
Diesel fuels from biomass (2007)

Abstract The demand for transportation fuels - gasoline (for cars), diesel (for trucks and cars), and kerosene (for aircraft) - is predicted to increase. The fastest growth will be observed for kerosene, in competition with diesel, inducing constraints on diesel. At the same time, all of these fuels are derived mainly from oil (more than 95 %), thus generating growing, uncontrolled CO 2 emissions. Therefore, production of diesel derived from biomass (the so-called biodiesel) appears as a major objective. In this paper, we describe the existing industrial processes, discuss the possible improvements, and present the new routes (the "second-generation" processes) under development that will allow biodiesel to gain a significant percentage of the diesel (and maybe of middle distillates) pool.
Process and device simulation in designing thin film CMOS/SOI technology (2002)

The authors report on process modeling used FEDSS (Finite Element Diffusion Simulation System) together with device modeling using FIELDAY (FInite ELement Device AnalYsis) to analyze fully depleted thin film SOI (silicon-on-insulator) processes/devices. The FEDSS output after simulating drain implantation is presented, showing drain profile and polysilicon side wall oxides. Channel doping for both p- and n-type devices was p-type, and FEDSS modeling from process parameters found the device channel doping to be 8*10/sup 15//cm/sup 3/, tailing off in the 100 AA gate surface 6*10/sup 15//cm/sup 3/ due to boron depletion. Measured results for the n-channel device were compared with the FIELDAY simulations. The difference between calculation and measurements increases for higher gate voltages. After the DC terminal characteristics were reconciled, the breakdown characteristics of the models were investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantifying and Improving User Quality of Experience in Immersive Tele-Rehabilitation (2014)

3D Tele-Immersion (3DTI) environments are emerging as a new medium for human interactions and collaborations in the areas of education, sports training, physical medicine and rehabilitation. By adding a tactile element to a visually centered 3DTI environment, such applications can be made even more engaging. But it also opens up a few challenges in terms of fusing the visual and tactile data streams in a synchronous way. In this paper we describe a 3DTI Tele-Rehabilitation system with Microsoft Kinect cameras and hap tic devices. We describe some of the challenges we face in providing as well as quantifying a good quality of experience (QoE) in this system. We propose a set of solutions that: (i) improve the user's QoE (by using multi-modal prediction for handling latencies, better synchronization that accounts for the global state of the system, etc.), (ii) quantify the QoE (by designing a controlled virtual environment and by defining appropriate user QoE metrics for immersive tele-rehabilitation). The experimental results show a marked improvement in the performance of the system, consequently improving the user-experience. This is also verified by the results of the user performance study.
Caveolin-1-deficient mice show insulin resistance and defective insulin receptor protein expression in adipose tissue (2003)

Several lines of evidence suggest that a functional relationship exists between caveolin-1 and insulin signaling. However, it remains unknown whether caveolin-1 is normally required for proper insulin receptor signaling in vivo. To address this issue, we examined the status of insulin receptor signaling in caveolin-1 (-/-)-deficient (Cav-1 null) mice. Here, we show that Cav-1 null mice placed on a high-fat diet for 9 mo develop postprandial hyperinsulinemia. An insulin tolerance test (ITT) revealed that young Cav-1 null mice on a normal chow diet are significantly unresponsive to insulin, compared with their wild-type counterparts. This insulin resistance is due to a primary defect in adipose tissue, as evidenced by drastically reduced insulin receptor protein levels (>90%), without any changes in insulin receptor mRNA levels. These data suggest that caveolin-1 acts as a molecular chaperone that is necessary for the proper stabilization of the insulin receptor in adipocytes in vivo. In support of this notion, we demonstrate that recombinant expression of caveolin-1 in Cav-1 null mouse embryo fibroblasts rescues insulin receptor protein expression. These data provide evidence that the lean body phenotype observed in the Cav-1 knockout mice is due, at least in part, to a defect in insulin-regulated lipogenesis.
[Effect of BMI and WHR on lumbar lordosis and sacrum slant angle in middle and elderly women]. (2008)

BMI exceeding 24 kg/m2 or WHR exceeding 0.85 may increase the measurements of Cobb angle, SSA and RDQ scores. Low back pain may occur because of overweight, obesity, or central obesity. The anatomy foundation of the increasing lumbar lordosis and sacrum slant angle may be the one of reasons of low back pain in obese person.
Research Progress of Matrix Metallo Protein-2 and Congestive Heart Failure (2010)

Matrix metallo protein-2(MMP-2)belongs the family of matrix metalloproteinases,it plays an important role in myocardial remodeling by affect extracellular matrix.The expression of MMP-2 has increased as well as unblance of tissue inhibiting factor in myocardium of Congestive heart failure(CHF).So MMP-2 may be associated with occurrence and development of CHF.Inhibiting the expression and activity of MMP-2 will be the new therapeutic method of CHF.
Parallel BVH Construction using Progressive Hierarchical Refinement (2017)

We propose a novel algorithm for construction of bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs) for multi-core CPU architectures. The algorithm constructs the BVH by a divisive top-down approach using a progressively refined cut of an existing auxiliary BVH. We propose a new strategy for refining the cut that significantly reduces the workload of individual steps of BVH construction. Additionally, we propose a new method for integrating spatial splits into the BVH construction algorithm. The auxiliary BVH is constructed using a very fast method such as LBVH based on Morton codes. We show that the method provides a very good trade-off between the build time and ray tracing performance. We evaluated the method within the Embree ray tracing framework and show that it compares favorably with the Embree BVH builders regarding build time while maintaining comparable ray tracing speed.
The synthesis of precisely structured polyurethanes. Part 2. Chain building methodology (1996)

The development of methodology to construct polyurethanes of precise structure is described. A linker, 4-hydroxymethylphenol, is attached to the Merrifield resin and monomers OCN-Mx-OTBDPS (where Mx= aryl or diarylmethane core; TBDPS = ButPh2Si) are coupled sequentially via a dibutyltin dilaurate catalysed process. At each stage, chain cleavage and product distribution analysis allows optimisation of oligomer synthesis.
Functional Analysis of the 60-Nucleotide Duplication in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Buenos Aires Strain Attachment Glycoprotein (2015)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important pathogen for infants for which there is no vaccine. Different strains of RSV circulate from year to year, and the predominating strains change over time. Subgroup B RSV strains with a duplication in the attachment glycoprotein (G) emerged and then became the dominant B genotype. We found that a recombinant virus harboring the duplication bound more efficiently to cells and was more fit than a recombinant strain lacking the duplication. Our work advances a mechanism for an important natural RSV mutation.
Model predictive control strategy for multi-phase thyristor matrix converters — Advantages, problems and solutions (2016)

A 27-to-3-phase thyristor matrix converter using a model predictive control (MPC) is considered. Compared to the standard method the MPC considers the coupled overall system. Due to this, all 27 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> = 19683 switching states are to be considered. The result of the MPC strategy is, compared to classical control, a drastic reduction of the commutation frequency and respectively the converter losses. However, besides the advantages there are still some problems with the use of MPC for thyristor matrix converter. Therefor this contribution presents extensions of the standard direct model predictive control strategy to overcome these problems. The result is a predictive control structure with a fallback level for problematic working areas. By this, a low total harmonic distortion (THD) as well as a high efficiency can be achieved.
First Clinical Experience With a New Concentrate System for Dialysis With Dry Sodium Chloride (1998)

Clinical investigation of a new concentrate system for preparing the acid concentrate in bicarbonate dialysis was performed to evaluate handling, safety aspects, and correct mixing of the final dialysis fluid. The system is characterized by an acid concentrate prepared from two components: a cartridge containing 1.1 kg dry sodium chloride and a concentrate bag with 500 ml of a highly concentrated solution of electrolytes (KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2) and acetic acid. The investigation comprised a total of 142 treatments. The concentrate system was well accepted by the clinical staff and considered safe and easy to handle. Marginal deviations in electrolyte concentration of the dialysis fluid relative to set values were observed, but were considered to lack biologic or clinical relevance. The new concentrate system will facilitate the handling of dialysis concentrates and provide a convenient means for individual tailoring of the dialysis fluid composition.