gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
0813 ENHANCING SLOW WAVE ACTIVITY VIA AN AUTOMATED PHASE LOCKED ACOUSTIC STIMULATION (2017)

Slow wave activity (SWA) is essential for cortical reorganisation and cognitive function. In healthy young adults, slow wave sleep (SWS) occupies ~18% of TST, declining 2–3%/decade, with a marked reduction in SW amplitude. Given the importance of SWA in maintaining optimal brain function, enhancing SWA is a clear target for improving cognitive function. Nine healthy adult men aged 35–47 years participated in a randomized, double blind, cross-over study involving two nights in the laboratory (baseline/night 1 + experimental/night 2) on two occasions, with at least one week in between. Participants wore an automated device delivering auditory tones phase locked to the slow wave to enhance slow wave activity during the STIM condition, but not in the SHAM condition. PVT was administered bi-hourly and measures of executive function 2–4 hours post habitual wake. Data were scored for SWS and power spectra in the delta (0.5-4Hz) and slow oscillations (<1Hz). Relative to SHAM, STIM significantly increased power spectra for both delta and slow oscillation frequencies, largely due to increased power spectra in the 3rd (slow oscillation) and 4th (delta & slow oscillation) SWS cycle. While this increase was observed over central derivations, this was most apparent at frontal sites. At the individual level, ~80% of participants exhibited enhanced SWA, which ranged from a 5.1–33.5% increase (in power spectra). Large effect sizes were observed for improved executive function (Verbal Fluency) and morning vigilance (PVT) following STIM relative to SHAM. Our preliminary data suggest an automated phase locked acoustic stimulation device significantly enhanced SWA in healthy middle-aged men, with a clear improvement in cognitive function. Data collection and analyses are ongoing. The study was supported by the Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity.
A High-Speed K-Band Switch (1951)

A high-speed rotary three-way switch for 1.25 centimeter waves is described. An application for rapid scanning and performance characteristics are given.
Visual function and cognitive aging: Differential role of contrast sensitivity in verbal versus spatial tasks. (2007)

Cognitive and sensory function are correlated in older adults. Sensory function may provide an index of neurological integrity (common-cause hypothesis). Declining sensory input may also directly impair cognition (direct-cause hypothesis). Accordingly, sensory function should more strongly predict cognitive performance and should account for more age-related variability in tasks with higher sensory demands. In a cross-sectional adult life span sample, visual contrast sensitivity was a better predictor and accounted for more of the age-related variability in high sensory-demand tasks, compared with low sensory-demand tasks, consistent with the direct-cause hypothesis. The results suggest a direct role for sensory function in cognitive aging when task conditions place heavy demands on sensory processing.
Cardiopulmonary support in the intensive care unit (1992)

The cardiopulmonary support system is an extracorporeal device that allows for rapid cardiopulmonary support of the critically ill patient in the intensive care unit. It provides immediate and complete support of cardiac and pulmonary functions to maintain perfusion to vital organs in patients who are severely physiologically compromised (eg, in cardiogenic shock, adult respiratory distress syndrome or pulmonary edema). Successful cardiopulmonary support requires systemic anticoagulation, percutaneous venous and arterial cannulation and careful monitoring by the critical care team to maintain adequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Although patient mortality can occur secondary to bleeding, embolism or sepsis, this technique provides life-sustaining circulatory and respiratory support until definitive treatment can be initiated.
State Machine Replication for the Masses with BFT-SMART (2014)

The last fifteen years have seen an impressive amount of work on protocols for Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) state machine replication (SMR). However, there is still a need for practical and reliable software libraries implementing this technique. BFT-SMART is an open-source Java-based library implementing robust BFT state machine replication. Some of the key features of this library that distinguishes it from similar works (e.g., PBFT and UpRight) are improved reliability, modularity as a first-class property, multicore-awareness, reconfiguration support and a flexible programming interface. When compared to other SMR libraries, BFT-SMART achieves better performance and is able to withstand a number of real-world faults that previous implementations cannot.
Reduced Gravity Zblan Optical Fiber (2000)

Two optical fiber pullers have been designed for pulling ZBLAN optical fiber in reduced gravity. One fiber puller was designed, built and flown on board NASA's KC135 reduced gravity aircraft. A second fiber puller has been designed for use on board the International Space Station.
Microchip free‐flow electrophoresis on glass substrate using laser‐printing toner as structural material (2006)

In this work, a microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis device, obtained by thermal toner transferring on glass substrate, is presented. A microdevice can be manufactured in only 1 h. The layout of the microdevice was designed in order to improve the fluidic and electrical characteristics. The separation channel is 8 microm deep and presents an internal volume of 1.42 microL. The deleterious electrolysis effects were overcome by using a system that isolates the electrolysis products from the separation channel. The Joule heating dissipation in the separation channel was found to be very efficient up to a current density of 8.83 mA/mm(2) that corresponds to a power dissipation per unit volume of running electrolyte of 172 mW/microL. Promising results were obtained in the evaluation of the microdevices for the separation of ionic dyes. The microfluidic device can be used for a continuous sample pretreatment step for micro total analysis system.
THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Introduction and Other Protein Targets (2019)

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.14747. In addition to this overview, in which are identified Other protein targets which fall outside of the subsequent categorisation, there are six areas of focus: G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2019, and supersedes data presented in the 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
Dynamic Experiments for Estimating Preferences: An Adaptive Method of Eliciting Time and Risk Parameters (2012)

We present a method that dynamically designs elicitation questions for estimating risk and time preference parameters. Typically these parameters are elicited by presenting decision makers with a series of static choices between alternatives, gambles, or delayed payments. The proposed method dynamically (i.e., adaptively) designs such choices to optimize the information provided by each choice, while leveraging the distribution of the parameters across decision makers (heterogeneity) and capturing response error. We explore the convergence and the validity of our approach using simulations. The simulations suggest that the proposed method recovers true parameter values well under various circumstances. We then use an online experiment to compare our approach to a standard one used in the literature that requires comparable task completion time. We assess predictive accuracy in an out-of-sample task and completion time for both methods. For risk preferences, our results indicate that the proposed method predicts subjects’ willingness to pay for a set of out-of-sample gambles significantly more accurately, while taking respondents about the same time to complete. For time preferences, both methods predict out-of-sample preferences equally well, while the proposed method takes significantly less completion time. For risk and time preferences, average completion time for our approach is approximately three minutes. Finally, we briefly review three applications that used the proposed methodology with various populations, and we discuss the potential benefits of the proposed methodology for research and practice.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Marine Metabolites. Part 48. Cinachyrolide A (I): A Potent Cytotoxic Macrolide Possessing Two Spiro Ketals from Marine Sponge Cinachyra sp. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Carbanions on Grafted C<sub>60</sub> as Initiators for Anionic Polymerization (1997)

Two methods to introduce negative charges on a C60 and the further use of these carbanions as initiators for anionic polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate were investigated. From the potassium salts of C60, obtained by reduction with potassium naphthalenide, only the hexaanion is able to polymerize MMA, and that by electron transfer so that no fullerene is attached to the PMMA. In a second method, polystyryllithium was added to C60 to form “living” star molecules with a C60 core bearing a well-controlled number of branches (i.e., carbanions). Six carbanions have to be located on the C60 to initiate anionic polymerization of styrene by addition onto the monomer, while five are enough to initiate the more reactive MMA. Stars with seven PS branches and heterostars with six PS and two PMMA have been produced.
Genetic Structure and Distribution of Four Pathogenicity Islands (PAI I <sub>536</sub> to PAI IV <sub>536</sub> ) of Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strain 536 (2002)

For the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain 536 (O6:K15:H31), the DNA sequences of three pathogenicity islands (PAIs) (PAI I(536) to PAI III(536)) and their flanking regions (about 270 kb) were determined to further characterize the virulence potential of this strain. PAI I(536) to PAI III(536) exhibit features typical of PAIs, such as (i) association with tRNA-encoding genes; (ii) G+C content differing from that of the host genome; (iii) flanking repeat structures; (iv) a mosaic-like structure comprising a multitude of functional, truncated, and nonfunctional putative open reading frames (ORFs) with known or unknown functions; and (v) the presence of many fragments of mobile genetic elements. PAI I(536) to PAI III(536) range between 68 and 102 kb in size. Although these islands contain several ORFs and known virulence determinants described for PAIs of other extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) isolates, they also consist of as-yet-unidentified ORFs encoding putative virulence factors. The genetic structure of PAI IV(536), which represents the core element of the so-called high-pathogenicity island encoding a siderophore system initially identified in pathogenic yersiniae, was further characterized by sample sequencing. For the first time, multiple PAI sequences (PAI I(536) to PAI IV(536)) in uropathogenic E. coli were studied and their presence in several wild-type E. coli isolates was extensively investigated. The results obtained suggest that these PAIs or at least large fragments thereof are detectable in other pathogenic E. coli isolates. These results support our view that the acquisition of large DNA regions, such as PAIs, by horizontal gene transfer is an important factor for the evolution of bacterial pathogens.
ARV-330: Androgen receptor PROTAC degrader for prostate cancer. (2016)

267 Background: The transition from localized prostate cancer to metastatic disease often involves modulation of the Androgen Receptor (AR). During the disease progression, patients progressing on enzalutamide or abiraterone therapy exhibit amplified AR, increased intra-tumoral androgen production or AR mutations leading to promiscuity to other ligands. Therefore, AR is still the principal driver of the disease. Methods: A novel approach to block AR signaling is to specifically target AR for degradation. To this end, we have developed the PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) technology that employs hetero-bifunctional small molecules that simultaneously bind VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase and a target of interest (e.g. AR). Due to induced proximity between VHL and AR, an AR PROTAC leads to ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of AR. Results: Our lead AR PROTAC, ARV-330, degrades 92-98% of total AR in all cell lines tested, with 50% degradation concentrations (DC 50 ) < 1nM. AR degradation suppresses the AR-target gene PSA expression, inhibits proliferation, and induces potent apoptosis in VCaP cells with maximal apoptosis observed at 20 nM. While enzalutamide loses its activity in the presence of > 0.5 nM R1881, ARV-330 maintains its activity. In cells containing the AR F876L mutation, enzalutamide is an agonist; however, ARV-330 remains effective. In fact, ARV-330 is able to degrade all clinically relevant AR mutations. ARV-330 exhibits good pharmacokinetic properties, with t 1/2 values of several hours and bioavailability of > 80% after sc injection. Treatment of mice with ARV-330, at doses ranging from 0.3 to 10 mg/kg, results in reduction of AR protein levels. The in vitro potency translates into in vivo efficacy, as ARV-330 demonstrates prostate involution in intact mice. In castrated mice implanted with VCaP tumors, ARV-330 shows robust reduction of plasma PSA and blockade of tumor growth. Conclusions: In summary, the AR PROTAC ARV-330 removes AR from prostate cancer cells in a potent manner and produces therapeutic effects as a result. This cellular efficacy has translated into biomarker activity and efficacy in animal models, and ARV-330 is now in preclinical development.
Synthesis of Arginine-Containing Peptides through Their Ornithine Analogs. Synthesis of Arginine Vasopressin, Arginine Vasotocin, and L-Histidyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-tryptophylglycine (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Arginine-Containing Peptides through Their Ornithine Analogs. Synthesis of Arginine Vasopressin, Arginine Vasotocin, and L-Histidyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-tryptophylglycineMiklos. Bodanszky, Miguel A. Ondetti, Carolyn A. Birkhimer, and Patsy L. ThomasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 20, 4452–4459Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01074a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01074a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views376Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mutation of a highly conserved aspartate residue in subdomain IX abolishes Fer protein-tyrosine kinase activity (1999)

Before the structure of cAMP-dependent protein kinase had been solved, sequence alignments had already suggested that several highly conserved peptide motifs described as kinase subdomains I through XI might play some functional role in catalysis. Crystal structures of several members of the protein kinase superfamily have suggested that the nearly invariant aspartate residue within subdomain IX contributes to the conformational stability of the catalytic loop by forming hydrogen bonds with backbone amides within subdomain VI. However, substitution of this aspartate with alanine or threonine in some protein kinases have indicated that these interactions are not essential for activity. In contrast, we show here that conversion of this aspartate to arginine abolished the catalytic activity of the Fer protein-tyrosine kinase when expressed either in mammalian cells or in bacteria. Structural modeling predicted that the catalytic loop of the FerD743R mutant was disrupted by van der Waal's repulsion between the side chains of the substituted arginine residue in subdomain IX and histidine-683 in subdomain VI. The FerD743R mutant model predicted a shift in the peptide backbone of the catalytic loop, and an outward rotation of histidine-683 and arginine-684 side chains. However, the position and orientation of the presumptive catalytic base, aspartate-685, was not substantially changed. The proposed model explains how substitutions of some, but not all residues could be tolerated at this nearly invariant aspartate in kinase subdomain IX.
On Determining the Continuous Phase in Microemulsions (1971)

In light of recent advances in the use of micellar solutions (microemulsions) in oil recovery and well stimulation, it has become important to define accurately the physical properties of these systems. One aspect of such work is to distinguish between the disperse phase and the continuous phase, particularly at extreme concentrations of either water or hydrocarbon. Conventional techniques for making this distinction include the dye solubility method, the phase dilution method, the conductivity method, and the fluorescence method. However, a single test may give ambiguous results. We shall present here viscosity, conductivity, and miscibility data for a series of micellar solutions that are comparable in composition with those applied in the field. Example 1 shows data obtained with a micellar solution prepared with a 420 equivalent weight (eq. wt.) petroleum sulfonate (of our own manufacture) to which was added 1-pentanol to produce a single-phase, optically clear system. Both conductivity and miscibility data indicate phase inversion between 2.2 and 2.3 volume percent 1-pentanol. Further, the data show that the inversion was from oil-external to water-external as the amount of 1-pentanol in the system increased. Continued addition of this cosurfactant (2.6 volume percent) led to separation of an aqueous phase. percent) led to separation of an aqueous phase. This observation is similar to those made by Winsor and Bowcott and Schulman, in that a system with the characteristics of a water-external micellar solution can exist in equilibrium with excess aqueous phase. Most of the brine had been expelled from the micellar solution, at 3 volume percent 1-pentanol. At this point, the conductivity decreased markedly; and the point, the conductivity decreased markedly; and the remaining micellar solution became miscible with hydrocarbon. Example 2 shows data obtained with the same petroleum sulfonate and cosurfactant. However, in petroleum sulfonate and cosurfactant. However, in this case the micellar solution contained 70 weight percent brine as opposed to 30 weight percent of percent brine as opposed to 30 weight percent of Example 1. No evidence of phase inversion is present over the single-phase region, and both conductivity and miscibility data indicate a water-external system. Example 3 shows the results obtained with a micellar solution prepared with a 470 equivalent weight petroleum sulfonate (commercially available).
A Systematic Methodology for Gearbox Health Assessment and Fault Classification (2011)

A systematic methodology for gearbox health assessment and fault classification is developed and evaluated for 560 data sets of gearbox vibration data provided by the Prognostics and Health Management Society for the 2009 data challenge competition. A comprehensive set of signal processing and feature extraction methods are used to extract over 200 features, including features extracted from the raw time signal, time synchronous signal, wavelet decomposition signal, frequency domain spectrum, envelope spectrum, among others. A regime segmentation approach using the tachometer signal, a spectrum similarity metric, and gear mesh frequency peak information are used to segment the data by gear type, input shaft speed, and braking torque load. A health assessment method that finds the minimum feature vector sum in each regime is used to classify and find the 80 baseline healthy data sets. A fault diagnosis method based on a distance calculation from normal along with specific features correlated to different fault signatures is used to diagnosis specific faults. The fault diagnosis method is evaluated for the diagnosis of a gear tooth breakage; input shaft imbalance, bent shaft, bearing inner race defect, and bad key, and the method could be further extended for other faults as long as a set of features can be correlated with a known fault signature. Future work looks to further refine the distance calculation algorithm for fault diagnosis, as well as further evaluate other signal processing method such as the empirical mode decomposition to see if an improved set of features can be used to improve the fault diagnosis accuracy.
Suppressing defect production during passage through a quantum critical point (2014)

We show that a closed quantum system driven through a quantum critical point with two rates ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}$ (which controls its proximity to the quantum critical point) and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$ (which controls the dispersion of the low-energy quasiparticles at the critical point) exhibits novel scaling laws for defect density $n$ and residual energy $Q$. We demonstrate suppression of both $n$ and $Q$ with increasing ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$ leading to an alternate route to achieving near-adiabaticity in a finite time for a quantum system during its passage through a critical point. We provide an exact solution for such dynamics with linear drive protocols applied to a class of integrable models, supplement this solution with scaling arguments applicable to generic many-body Hamiltonians, and discuss specific models and experimental systems where our theory may be tested.