gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Brachial Coronary Arteriography Using a Power-Assisted Injector and 4 French Catheters with New Shapes. (1997)

BACKGROUND: Right brachial access in diagnostic coronary arteriography (CAG) has demonstrated advantages over femoral approaches, including earlier ambulation and more predictable hemostasis, particularly when small diameter catheters were used. Poor results from some earlier reports of brachial CAG have been due partially to the need to use large diameter catheters for positional control. Technical advances in catheters and contrast injection may increase the utility of brachial access CAG. PURPOSE AND STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated three 4 French (Fr) catheters with new shapes and with a large internal to external diameter ratio that were designed to overcome previous limitations to brachial CAG. Contrast agent was delivered with a novel power injector (CAG-20) intended for arteriography using small catheters. Routine right brachial access CAG and left ventriculography (LVG) were evaluated in 2663 (69%) of 3880 consecutive patients admitted for examination from 1991 to 1995. The study population included 128 patients (5%) with left main trunk disease, 819 (21%) with old myocardial infarctions and 1747 (66%) with more than one vessel disease. For this trial, 1217 patients with valvular disease, ischemia associated with aortic or peripheral vascular disease, congenital cardiac disease and post-surgical and emergency catheterization were excluded because femoral access or a larger catheter (> 4 Fr) were required in those cases. RESULTS: A total of 2573 (97%) diagnostic quality CAG (> grade 3/5) were obtained solely with 4 Fr catheters placed via the right brachial artery. Of the other 66 examinations, 50 were completed through the brachial route but with alternate size or shape catheters and 16 cases required the femoral JudkinÕs technique. Useful LVG (> grade 2/4) were obtained from 2604 patients (98%). Overall, 2536 (95%) of cases provided clinically valuable images for both CAG and LVG from brachial access. We experienced one semi-emergency bypass operation and one emergency stent implantation caused by coronary dissection. There were no deaths, acute myocardial infarctions, loss of pulse or nerve injuries. CONCLUSION: Power-injector assisted, brachial 4 Fr CAG and LVG proved to be safe and cost-effective. Brachial access has the potential to become a routine method for out-patient cardiac opacification.
Efecto de la materia en suspensión sobre los invertebrados bénticos de los ríos de aguas claras en los yungas de Bolivia (1999)

Most of the rivers in the Yungas region in the north of la Paz are characterized by their clear waters : some of them are affected by deposits of sediments from road construction. The rio Coroico was particulary afected during 1997. The effects of suspended solids on benthic communities were studied in using reference fauna from similar rivers. The most affected stream (Santa Elena) has a very impoverished fauna. / La plupart des rivières des Yungas, montagnes tropicales humides situées au nord de La Paz (Bolivie), sont caractérisées par leurs eaux claires. Certaines rivières sont perturbées par des déversements de sédiments provenant de la construction d'une route. Le Rio Coroico fut particulièrement affecté en 1997. L'effet des rejets de sédiments sur les invertébrés benthiques a été étudié en prenant comme référence des cours d'eau similaires. Le site le plus affecté (Santa Elena) avait une faune extrêmement réduite. Sur les 8 sites échantillonnés, le nombre de taxons et la densité globale montraient une corrélation négative significative avec le taux de matières en suspension. Certains groupes d'invertébrés qui présentent des relations très significatives constituent des bioindicateurs potentiels de ce type de perturbation.
Studies of Aerosols Generated by Electrically Vaporized Thin Films for ICP-AES (1990)

Aerosols generated by the electrical vaporization of samples placed on thin silver films for subsequent introduction into an inductively coupled plasma have been examined. Of the silver ablated during electrical discharges, less than 10% is trapped on 0.1-micrometer pore-size filters placed at the end of the transfer tube. Much larger masses of carbonaceous particulate material, up to 0.25 mg, are introduced into the ICP torch, possibly accounting for intense time-dependent band and continuum emission. Scanning electron microscopy of trapped particles of exploded film material shows evidence of melting. Particles of Mn and VC collected after film vaporization also show evidence of size reduction. The higher boiling point of VC may account for low emission intensities observed when larger particles of this material are taken as samples.
MRI of the lung (2/3). Why … when … how? (2012)

This article helps new users to implement appropriate protocols on their own MRI platforms. Main Messages • MRI of the lung can be readily performed on state-of-the-art 1.5-T MRI scanners. • Protocol suggestions based on the available literature facilitate its use for routine • MRI offers solutions for complicated thoracic masses with atelectasis and chest wall invasion. • MRI is an option for paediatrics and science when CT is contra-indicated.
The Theory of the Glass Electrode. V. The Influence of Negative Ions (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Theory of the Glass Electrode. V. The Influence of Negative IonsMalcolm Dole, Richard M. Roberts, and Charles E. Holley Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 3, 725–730Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01848a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01848a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selected buffer systems for moving boundary electrophoresis on gels at various pH values, presented in a simplified manner (1983)

Abstract Moving boundary electrophoresis on gels is useful for 4 purposes: (1) As an automatic concentration method to produce concentrated starting zones of proteins* for analytical and preparative resolving gels; (2) to provide a sharply defined reference zone in the resolving gel for R f measurement; (3) for the preparative electrophoretic extraction of proteins from gel slices; (4) for high load preparative “charge fractionations” of relatively simple mixtures of proteins. It requires buffer systems at various pH values which are capable of setting up moving boundaries with numerically known leading and trailing ion mobilities. Moreover, since protein migration is slow compared with that of buffers, these moving boundaries have to have low displacement rates if they are to concentrate and align the proteins in order of mobility. Ten years ago, the authors made available in form first of magnetic tapes, then of microfiche, a collection of buffer systems for that purpose. But, in spite of the large number, over 4000, of these buffer systems, biochemists have not taken advantage of them widely. This appears in part due to the terminological complexity of the presentation needed to give an exhaustive physical‐chemical description of the systems. In part, it was due to the confusion about which of the various forms and techniques of moving boundary electrophoresis, known under a variety of names, these buffer systems applied to. Also, among the many buffer systems, only relatively few exhibited sufficiently low moving boundary displacement rates to allow slowly migrating proteins to migrate within the moving boundary. Finally, it proved difficult for potential users to interpret the magnetic tapes and microfiche; also tapes were excessively expensive. To remedy all these problems, and to allow biochemists to benefit more widely, both analytically and preparatively, from moving boundary electrophoresis at any pH, we have selected a small number of buffer systems capable of concentrating proteins within moving boundaries set up at various pH values, with low displacement rates, and with either anodic or cathodic displacement. These are presented in simplified format and terminology.
On Wiener filtering and the physics behind statistical modeling (2002)

The closed-form solution of the so-called statistical multivariate calibration model is given in terms of the pure component spectral signal, the spectral noise, and the signal and noise of the reference method. The "statistical" calibration model is shown to be as much grounded on the physics of the pure component spectra as any of the "physical" models. There are no fundamental differences between the two approaches since both are merely different attempts to realize the same basic idea, viz., the spectrometric Wiener filter. The concept of the application-specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is introduced, which is a combination of the two SNRs from the reference and the spectral data. Both are defined and the central importance of the latter for the assessment and development of spectroscopic instruments and methods is explained. Other statistics like the correlation coefficient, prediction error, slope deficiency, etc., are functions of the SNR. Spurious correlations and other practically important issues are discussed in quantitative terms. Most important, it is shown how to use a priori information about the pure component spectra and the spectral noise in an optimal way, thereby making the distinction between statistical and physical calibrations obsolete and combining the best of both worlds. Companies and research groups can use this article to realize significant savings in cost and time for development efforts.
OPAL: Smaller, Simpler, and Just Plain Luckier (2000)

On January 26, 2000 at 7:03PM PST, Stanford University’s first student built satellite, OPAL – the Orbiting Picosatellite Automated Launcher, roared into space on a modified Minuteman II missile. Students from the Space Systems Development Laboratory spent four years designing, fabricating, and testing the OPAL satellite in preparation for the launch. OPAL’s primary mission objectives were to explore a new mothership/daughtership mission architecture for distributed sensing, to characterize an off-the-shelf magnetometer, and to characterize a suite of off-the-shelf accelerometers. Six DARPA sponsored daughterships, also known as picosatellites, were deployed from OPAL. They were built by The Aerospace Corporation, Santa Clara University, and a team of amateur radio operators. The OPAL satellite completely achieved its mission goals and is now in extended mission operations. Long-term characterization of the satellite bus, magnetometer, and accelerometers are underway. OPAL has demonstrated that low cost, albeit high risk, university satellites offer an excellent platform for experimental space testbeds. AMSAT assigned OPAL an amateur satellite number of OO-38. OPAL will soon be accessible to non-Stanford users for educational and research purposes.
Blockstack: Design and Implementation of a Global Naming System with Blockchains (2016)

Cryptocurrency blockchains like Bitcoin and Namecoin and their respective P2P networks have seen significant adoption in the past few years, and show promise as naming systems with no trusted parties. Users can register human-readable names and securely associate data with them; only the owner of a particular private-key can write or update the name/value pair. In theory, many decentralized systems can be built using these cryptocurrency networks, such as new, decentralized versions of DNS or PKI. As the technology is relatively new and evolving rapidly, however, little production data or experience is available to guide design tradeoffs. In this paper, we describe our experience operating a large, real-world deployment of a decentralized PKI service built on top of the Namecoin blockchain. We present various challenges (network reliability, throughput, security issues) that we needed to overcome while registering/updating over 33,000 entries on the blockchain which involved over 200,000 transactions on the Namecoin network. Further, we discuss how our experience informed the design of a new blockchain-based naming system, Blockstack. We detail why we changed from Namecoin to the Bitcoin network for the new system, as well as operational lessons from this migration. Blockstack is released as open source and currently powers a production PKI system for 40,000 users.
Meissner response of anisotropic superconductors (2003)

The response field of a half-space anisotropic superconductor is evaluated for an arbitrary weak external field source. Example sources of a point magnetic moment and a circular current are considered in detail. For the penetration depth $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\ll}L$ with L being any other relevant distance (the source size or the distance between the source and superconductor), the major contribution to the response is the \ensuremath{\lambda}-independent field of the source image. It is shown that the absolute value of \ensuremath{\lambda} cannot be extracted from the response field with a better accuracy than that for the source position. Similar problems are considered for thin films.
Abstract C11: The oxidative stress inducer elesclomol requires copper chelation for its anticancer activity (2009)

Abstract Introduction: Elesclomol [N-malonyl-bis (N′-methyl-N′-thiobenzoyl hydrazide)] is a first-in-class investigational drug, believed to exert anticancer activity through the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels leading to the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The mechanism of ROS induction by elesclomol was previously unknown. Data presented here shows that ROS is generated via chelation and redox cycling of copper. Methods: Formation of a Cu chelate of elesclomol was analyzed by LCMS and single crystal X-ray diffraction. ROS was measured using DCF-DA and cytotoxicity assessed using a WST-8 assay primarily in Ramos human B cell lymphoma and M14 human melanoma cell lines. Cellular levels of free elesclomol and elesclomol-Cu were determined by LCMS. Redox potential was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry. Results: Elesclomol readily formed a Cu chelate and strongly preferred Cu over zinc, iron or manganese in competition assays. Cu bound elesclomol in a 1:1 molar ratio and the chelate formed a flat rigid structure. The donation of four lone-pair electrons from elesclomol to Cu(II) yields higher hydrophobicity, which may facilitate greater cell permeability relative to free elesclomol. We evaluated the effect of Cu on both cellular uptake and cytotoxic activity of elesclomol on cultured cancer cells. Elesclomol lost cytotoxicity when applied to cells under Cu-starved conditions. The presence of Cu was required for elesclomol entry into cells. The cell membrane impermeable Cu chelator BCP blocked both uptake of elesclomol and cytotoxicity, indicating that elesclomol obtains Cu outside the cell and requires it for cellular entry and cytotoxicity. Elesclomol was able to obtain Cu from serum as well as from purified ceruloplasmin, the primary Cu-binding protein in blood. Elesclomol had poor activity against densely-plated cancer cells in culture, but became highly potent when extra Cu was added to the medium, indicating that Cu may be limiting under dense culture conditions. We next evaluated the impact of Cu on ROS generation. A cellfree assay system showed that elesclomol-Cu(II) was capable of efficient generation of ROS via the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I). A correlation was observed between redox potential and ROS production for Cu chelates of elesclomol and its analogs. Elesclomol also chelated nickel. However, while elesclomol-Ni was highly cell permeable, it was inactive for ROS production and cancer cell cytotoxicity. The lack of activity of elesclomol-Ni can be explained by its low redox potential. The redox potential of elesclomol-Cu(II) was −333mV, while that of elesclomol-Ni was −1100mV. Conclusion: Elesclomol chelates Cu outside of cells and enters cells as elesclomol-Cu(II). At present, our data support the hypothesis that elesclomol generates ROS by redox cycling of Cu(II) to Cu(I), and that this process is necessary for its anticancer activity. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C11.
Pharmacokinetic Studies of Standard Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure (1986)

The disappearance of the anticoagulant activities of a standard commercial heparin and of a low molecular weight (LMW) heparin (PK 10169), administered as single intravenous injections, was studied in patients with chronic renal failure. Heparin and LMW heparin anticoagulant activities were determined by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and chromogenic assays of anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities. Following heparin injection, a fast initial decay of anticoagulant activities preceded a slow convex disappearance curve, in semilogarithmic plots. These experimental data are in agreement with a model based on a predominant saturable mechanism of elimination of heparin in patients with renal failure. The disappearance of LMW heparin anti-Xa activity was obviously different, with linear or concave elimination curves, and longer apparent half-life. Taken together, our kinetic data and those previously reported in normal subjects strongly suggest that the mechanism of elimination of the LMW heparin studied is not saturable (at least for the tested dosages), and that the kidneys play a minimal role in the elimination.
Trans-Sense: Real Time Transportation Schedule Estimation Using Smart Phones (2019)

Developing countries suffer from traffic congestion, poorly planned road/rail networks, and lack of access to public transportation facilities. This context results in an increase in fuel consumption, pollution level, monetary losses, massive delays, and less productivity. On the other hand, it has a negative impact on the commuters feelings and moods. Availability of real-time transit information - by providing public transportation vehicles locations using GPS devices - helps in estimating a passenger's waiting time and addressing the above issues. However, such solution is expensive for developing countries. This paper aims at designing and implementing a crowd-sourced mobile phones-based solution to estimate the expected waiting time of a passenger in public transit systems, the prediction of the remaining time to get on/off a vehicle, and to construct a real time public transit schedule.Trans-Sense has been evaluated using real data collected for over 800 hours, on a daily basis, by different Android phones, and using different light rail transit lines at different time spans. The results show that Trans-Sense can achieve an average recall and precision of 95.35% and 90.1%, respectively, in discriminating lightrail stations. Moreover, the empirical distributions governing the different time delays affecting a passenger's total trip time enable predicting the right time of arrival of a passenger to her destination with an accuracy of 91.81%. In addition, the system estimates the stations dimensions with an accuracy of 95.71%.
Myopathy in vitamin E deficient rats: muscle fibre necrosis associated with disturbances of mitochondrial function. (1993)

Vitamin E deficiency in rats gives rise to a neuromuscular syndrome that includes a peripheral neuropathy as well as generalised muscle wasting and weakness. This is probably related to damage by oxygen-derived free radicals. In the present study, histological examination of lower limb muscles showed widespread myopathic changes which included the presence of amorphous electron-dense inclusions and tubular aggregates in muscle fibres and muscle fibre necrosis. Histochemical observations suggested a reduction in the activity of oxidative enzymes. The mitochondria showed nonspecific degenerative changes on electron microscopy; no paracrystalline inclusions were observed. Polarographic analysis of isolated muscle mitochondria revealed statistically significant decreases in oxygen utilisation rates with both NADH and FADH2-linked substrates. In confirmation of a generalised respiratory chain abnormality, enzymatic analyses revealed decreases in the activities of complexes I, II/III and IV, although only the decreases in complexes I and IV activities were statistically significant. Measurements of membrane fluidity showed that this is reduced in mitochondria from vitamin E deficient rats, indicating reduced stability of their membranes. The respiratory control ratio, derived from the polarographic results, was also reduced in mitochondria from vitamin E deficient animals, suggesting membrane damage. An altered lipid environment, possibly secondary to a higher level of lipid peroxidation, could result in the inhibition of complexes I and IV. This could also be caused by oxidative damage to the complexes or to mitochondrial DNA. The preservation of citrate synthase activity is against any generalised defect of mitochondrial function. The question as to whether these defects of mitochondrial respiratory chain function are responsible for the muscle fibre damage and necrosis requires further investigation.
Analyzing Sentiments in One Go: A Supervised Joint Topic Modeling Approach (2017)

In this work, we focus on modeling user-generated review and overall rating pairs, and aim to identify semantic aspects and aspect-level sentiments from review data as well as to predict overall sentiments of reviews. We propose a novel probabilistic supervised joint aspect and sentiment model (SJASM) to deal with the problems in one go under a unified framework. SJASM represents each review document in the form of opinion pairs, and can simultaneously model aspect terms and corresponding opinion words of the review for hidden aspect and sentiment detection. It also leverages sentimental overall ratings, which often come with online reviews, as supervision data, and can infer the semantic aspects and aspect-level sentiments that are not only meaningful but also predictive of overall sentiments of reviews. Moreover, we also develop efficient inference method for parameter estimation of SJASM based on collapsed Gibbs sampling. We evaluate SJASM extensively on real-world review data, and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms seven well-established baseline methods for sentiment analysis tasks.