gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 256 pixel linear thermopile array using materials with high thermoelectric efficiency (2002)

First results are presented concerning a recently developed thermopile array with 256 linearly arranged pixels within a total width of 23 mm. Thermal simulation studies were performed by means of 3-D finite element calculations to optimize the specific detectivity D/sup */ of the pixels and to find the conditions for the crosstalk between adjacent pixels to be as low as possible. Resulting from this, two designs with different element lengths of 1.2 and 0.4 mm, respectively, but equal pixel pitch of 175 mm and pixel width of 89 mm each, have been investigated. Each pixel consists of a thermopile of ten thermocouples built up in a multilayer technology. These thermopiles are arranged on free-standing stress-compensated SiON membranes formed by anisotropic wet-etching of the 4" silicon wafer from the backside. The thermoelectric material combinations typically used are BiSb/Sb and BiSb/BiSbTe, respectively, deposited by vacuum evaporation and patterned microlithographically. The absorbing layer is silver black. To reduce the crosstalk the whole array is built up in a staggered arrangement of two subarrays of 128 pixels shifted by half a pitch against each other and separated by a narrow bar of bulk silicon. Furthermore, the membrane region between the pixels is removed by RIE thus creating a slit.
Biosafety of Onco-Retroviral Vectors (2003)

Extensive gene therapy studies in preclinical models and in clinical trials underscore the relative safety of onco-retroviral vectors. Up until recently, no adverse effects have been reported in nearly 2000 patients that were enrolled in gene therapy clinical trials involving onco-retroviral vectors. However, the main safety concern of using onco-retroviral vectors is related to the risk of malignant transformation following oncogene activation due to random onco-retroviral genomic integration. Based on primate studies, there is an apparent low risk of malignancy that is predominately associated with the occurrence of chronic retroviremia resulting from replication-competent retroviruses (RCR), particularly in immunosuppressed recipient hosts. However, in the latest packaging cell lines and vectors, the risk of RCR-generation has been drastically reduced, primarily by minimizing the homologous overlap between vector and helper sequences. Nevertheless, results from a recent preclinical study in mice and a clinical trial in patients suffering from SCID-X1 strongly suggest that onco-retroviral vectors devoid of RCR can contribute to lymphomagenesis by insertional activation of cellular oncogenes. The risk of inadvertent germline transmission of onco-retroviral vectors appears to be low, especially relative to the endogenous rate of germline insertion, which is known to occur naturally in the human population via transmission of endogenous retro-transposons. The strict dependency of onco-retroviral gene transfer on cell division is an important safety advantage that significantly limits the risks of horizontal transmission. Since improved onco-retroviral vectors or transduction protocols may result in an increased number of retroviral integrations per cell, this may concomitantly increase the risk of malignant transformation. The use of suicide genes, self-inactivating vectors and/or chromosomal insulators is, therefore, warranted to further enhance the safety features of onco-retroviral vectors. Detailed analyses of insertion sites combined with long-term clinical follow-up may contribute to a more accurate risk assessment.
오도자(吳道子)와 당(唐) 화론의 미적 기준의 변화 (2018)

본 논문은 당나라 회화 관련 문헌으로부터 오도자의 대한 비평을 추적하여 당 대 미적 기준의 변화를 살펴보았다. 오도자는 장회관의 『화단』에서 언급되기 시작하여 부재, 백거이, 원진을 거치면서 『장자』내 도를 터득한 여러 제작자들의 이미지들이 복합된 형상으로 전승 되었다. 이렇게 당 대에 진행되기 시작한바 화가의 정신 세계에 대한 관심은 두 저명한 화론에서 새로운 기술 방식을 수립하기에 이른다. 주경현의 『당조명화록』에서 오도자는 이전의 추상적인 기술 방식이 아니라 ‘일화’라는 객관적 사실 전달의 기술 방식을 통해 높은 정신 세계를 소유했으며 특히 춤과 같은 음악성을 지녀 속도와 힘의 강약 조절에 뛰어난 최고의 화가로 평가되었다. 이 기록은 당말 즈음이면 이제 회화의 선의 음악적 요소가 주목되기 시작되었다는 것을 지시한다. 동시대 장언원의 『역대명화기』는 주경현이 음악적인 필선을 강조한데 비해 상대적으로 서예적인 특징을 강조했다. 이는 장언원은 장회관이 시작한 서화용필동론을 중국화론사상 뚜렷이 각인시킨 것이다. 아울러 장언원은 오도자에 관한 비평에서 뚜렷이 드러나는 바 육법에 대한 재해석을 통해 작가의 정신 비중을 증대시키고 아울러 정신활동의 뛰어난 결과가 가능했던 근거로서 수양을 제시하여 중국화론사에서 작가론 강화의 중요한 결절점을 이루었다. 장언원은 서화동원론으로부터 그림의 기능을 이끌어내는 상고주의적 회화관 위에 오도자를 위시해 성당이래의 화가들을 품평론에서 제외하기도 했지만, 성당이후 특히 오도자에 대한 비평에 걸맞는 쇄신된 비평 기준도 함께 가지고 있었다. 이는 당 대 유가와 도교, 치세의 이념과 문인 개인의 내적 이념의 균열을 보여준다고도 할 수 있다. 그리고 장언원이 글씨와 그림의 기원의 동일함과 용필법의 동일함을 주목하는 동안 크게 눈길을 주지 않았던 묵법은 이후 형호의 『필법기』에서 중요한 창작 원칙으로 등장했고 이와 동시에 오도자는 더 이상 당대 미감의 기준이 될 수 없었다.
Ligand-induced conformational changes modify proteolytic cleavage of the adipocyte insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (1993)

The transport conformation of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter (GLUT1) modifies rates of proteolytic cleavage of this protein by a variety of enzymes. We investigated the effects of ligand-induced conformational change on the susceptibility to enzymic cleavage of the insulin-sensitive rat adipocyte glucose transporter (GLUT4). A GLUT4-enriched slow sedimenting microsomal fraction was prepared from basal adipocytes and subjected to PAGE and immunoblotting. The GLUT4 protein was detected in these immunoblots with a C-terminal-specific antiserum as an M(r)-46,000-50,000 doublet. GLUT1 protein was not detected by a GLUT1-specific antiserum in these membranes. Tryptic digestion caused loss of the GLUT4 signal in immunoblots in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Low-M(r) membrane-bound fragments were not observed in electrophoretic gels, whether detection was attempted by immunoblotting or by counting radioactivity in gel slices following photolabelling with [3H]cytochalasin B. Transport-specific ligands known to induce an outward-facing conformation in the human erythrocyte GLUT1 protein retarded cleavage of the GLUT4 protein by submaximal concentrations of trypsin, whereas ligands known to induce an inward-facing conformation increased the extent of cleavage. The transported substrate D-glucose retarded tryptic cleavage of GLUT4. This result contrasts with the known behaviour of GLUT1, in which D-glucose accelerates cleavage. Cleavage of GLUT4 by thermolysin was also retarded by the outward-binding analogue 4,6-O-ethylidene glucose. These results show that the conformational sensitivity to proteolysis of GLUT4 mirrors that of GLUT1, except that the glucose-loaded GLUT4 has a different steady-state configuration, which may reflect underlying kinetic differences between the two proteins.
A Digital Computer Timing Unit (1951)

In some modem high-speed electronic computers the reference is time. This paper is concerned with the time-reference equipment designed for the EDVAC. The application of electronic matrices to time-pulse production is discussed.
Solvent Suitability for HFPO-DA (“GenX” Parent Acid) in Toxicological Studies (2020)

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are of significant interest because of their prevalence and environmental persistence. Further, for many PFAS, including fluorinated ethers, such as hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, or the parent acid of "GenX"), toxicological data are sparse. In general, <i>in vitro</i> testing frequently uses dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a carrier solvent due to its low toxicity, solubility across vast chemical space, and permeation across biological barriers. For PFAS, laboratory practice has assumed that the materials are stable across a wide range of solvents, pHs, and temperatures. In this study, HFPO-DA stability was evaluated with DMSO and other commonly used solvents to determine each solvent's suitability for use in toxicity assays. The formation of HFPO-DA's degradation product, heptafluoropropyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether (Fluoroether E-1), was monitored by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) over time. These experiments revealed degradation of HFPO-DA to Fluoroether E-1 in DMSO and other aprotic, polar solvents, with half-lives on the order of hours (1 h, 1.25 h, and 5.2 h for DMSO, acetone, and acetonitrile, respectively). This rapid degradation suggests the need for caution when performing or using data from toxicity assessments on HFPO-DA and closely related PFAS compounds.
The evolving intelligent network architecture (2002)

The authors analyze an evolving service-independent intelligent network (IN) architectural platform. This IN architecture and its platform capabilities are evolvable from existing IN implementations. Existing INs offer the PTTs the benefits of early service revenues and operational experience. The evolving platform described here offers the flexibility for a larger variety of services, faster feature introduction, and greater customer control. Some possible synergies between IN and the integrated services digital network (ISDN) are also discussed. The authors describe some industry and standards activities on IN.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A hybrid pagoda broadcasting protocol: fixed-delay pagoda broadcasting protocol with partial preloading (2003)

Broadcasting protocols offer an efficient and scalable method to provide video-on-demand. We present a new broadcasting protocol that assumes that some portions of the video are already preloaded in the set-top-box (STB), and at the same time, requires the user to wait for a fixed-delay before viewing. As a result, there is a trade-off between the size of the consumed local storage, user waiting time, and bandwidth consumption. This trade-off makes this protocol very flexible, in that we can control the consumption of one resource by adjusting the use of the other two. Also, the performance of the proposed protocol is not very far from the theoretical minimum. We also present a heuristic version of the protocol, in which the performance is improved a little.
Direct Synthesis of Tris(chlorosilyl)methanes Containing Si−H Bonds (1997)

Direct reaction of elemental silicon with a mixture of chloroform and hydrogen chloride has been studied in the presence of a copper catalyst using a stirred reactor equipped with a spiral band agitator at various temperatures from 280 to 340 °C. Tris(chlorosilyl)methanes 1a−e with Si−H bonds were obtained as the major products along with byproducts of bis(chlorosilyl)methanes, derived from the reaction of silicon with methylene chloride formed by the decomposition of chloroform, and trichlorosilane and tetrachlorosilane produced from the reaction of elemental silicon with hydrogen chloride. The decomposition of chloroform was suppressed and the production of polymeric carbosilanes reduced by adding hydrogen chloride to chloroform. The deactivation problem of elemental silicon due to the decomposition of chloroform and polycarbosilanes was eliminated. Cadmium was a good promoter for the reaction, while zinc was found to be an inhibitor for this particular reaction.
The Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor in Photodynamic Therapy with the Phthalocyanine Photosensitizer Pc 4¶ (2002)

The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) is an 18 kDa protein of the outer mitochondrial membrane that interacts with the voltage-dependent anion channel and may participate in formation of the permeability transition pore. The physiological role of PBR is reflected in the high-affinity binding of endogenous ligands that are metabolites of both cholesterol and heme. Certain porphyrin precursors of heme can be photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT), which depends on visible light activation of porphyrin-related macrocycles. Because the apparent binding affinity of a series of porphyrin analogs for PBR paralleled their ability to photoinactivate cells, PBR has been proposed as the molecular target for porphyrin-derived photocytotoxicity. The phthalocyanine (Pc) photosensitizer Pc 4 accumulates in mitochondria and structurally resembles porphyrins. Therefore, we tested the relevance of PBR binding on Pc 4-PDT. Binding affinity was measured by competition with 3H-PK11195, a high-affinity ligand of PBR, for binding to rat kidney mitochondria (RKM) or intact Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. To assess the binding of the Pc directly, we synthesized 14C-labeled Pc 4 and found that whereas Pc 4 was a competitive inhibitor of 3H-PK11195 binding to the PBR, PK11195 did not inhibit the binding of 14C-Pc 4 to RKM. Further, 14C-Pc 4 binding to RKM showed no evidence of saturation up to 10 microM. Finally, when Pc 4-loaded CHO cells were exposed to activating red light, apoptosis was induced; Pc 4-PDT was less effective in causing apoptosis in a companion cell line overexpressing the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. For both cell lines, PK11195 inhibited PDT-induced apoptosis; however, the inhibition was transient and did not extend to overall cell death, as determined by clonogenic assay. The results demonstrate (1) the presence of low-affinity binding sites for Pc 4 on PBR; (2) the presence of multiple binding sites for Pc 4 in RKM and CHO cells other than those that influence PK11195 binding; and (3) the ability of high supersaturating levels of PK11195 to transiently inhibit apoptosis initiated by Pc 4-PDT, with less influence on overall cell killing. We conclude that the binding of Pc 4 to PBR is less relevant to the photocytotoxicity of Pc 4-PDT than are other mitochondrial events, such as photodamage to Bcl-2 and that the observed inhibition of Pc 4-PDT-induced apoptosis by PK11195 likely occurs through a mechanism independent of PBR.
Recombinant Whole Cells as Catalysts for the Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides and Glycopeptides (1994)

An easier, faster, cheaper approach to the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides would be to employ whole cells rather than purified enzymes. In this report recombinant E. coli cells mediate the mannosylation of monosaccharides and glycopeptides. It was also proven that the relevant enzyme, mannosyl transferase, does not leak from the periplasmic space of the cells into the medium.
Direct Measurement of Small Antenna Radiation Efficiency by Calorimetric Method (2006)

A novel method for radiation efficiency measurement of small-size radiators such as mobile phones and other handheld wireless devices is presented. The method is based on the accurate determination of the power which is dissipated in the antenna under test using a calorimetric approach. The principle of the method, some of its variants, and the experimental setup are described. Application of the method is demonstrated for several test objects with different efficiencies. Accuracy is validated by comparison of calorimetric radiation efficiency against numerical estimates and independent measurements using the reflection efficiency method, a generalized variant of the Wheeler cap method, whose basic limitations are briefly discussed. Due to the calorimetric principle employed in the proposed new method, it qualifies equally well as a highly accurate reference method for radiation efficiency measurements and as a low-cost alternative to three-dimensional pattern integration and Wheeler cap type efficiency estimates
Review: <i>Brigham Young, the Colonizer</i>, by Milton R. Hunter (1941)

Book Review| June 01 1941 Review: Brigham Young, the Colonizer, by Milton R. Hunter Brigham Young, the ColonizerMilton R. Hunter LeRoy R. Hafen LeRoy R. Hafen Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1941) 10 (2): 235–236. https://doi.org/10.2307/3633651 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation LeRoy R. Hafen; Review: Brigham Young, the Colonizer, by Milton R. Hunter. Pacific Historical Review 1 June 1941; 10 (2): 235–236. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3633651 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1941 The Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
High cut-off frequency RF switches integrating a metal-insulator transition material (2015)

We present the design and the RF performances of two-terminals in-plane RF switches based on dioxide vanadium (VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> )-phase transition material. The VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> material undergoes a thermally-driven metal-insulator transition showing a resistivity variation up to five orders of magnitude as the material changes between its insulator and metallic states. We realized inline RF switches integrating VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> patterns of different lengths (3 to 20 μm) and investigated their switching properties for both thermal and electrical actuation. For a thermally actuated 3-μm length VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> pattern switch we measured an off-state capacitance of 7.7 Ff and an on-state resistance of ~2 Ω, with a cut-off frequency higher than 10 THz.
Heterogeneity of human peripheral blood eosinophil-type colonies: evidence for a common basophil-eosinophil progenitor (1985)

We have recently shown that a proportion of previously designated human eosinophil “(Eo)-type” colonies in methylcellulose contain basophils and histamine (Denburg et al Blood 61:775, 1983). In the present studies, individual Eo-type colonies have been analyzed by cell morphology as well as by biochemical assays for histamine, Charcot- Leyden crystal protein (CLC), and eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP). Clonal origin of single Eo-type colonies was confirmed by G6PD isoenzyme analysis. Morphological observations of such colonies revealed the existence of two distinct colony types: (1) Eo type containing 100% basophils and (2) Eo type containing mixtures of basophils and eosinophils, including cells with mixed basophil- eosinophil granulation. Histamine was not detected in pure, mature peripheral blood eosinophils. Immunofluorescent studies demonstrated bright staining for CLC and MBP in 95% +/- 3% of cells in Eo-type colonies but only in 5% +/- 4% of cells in GM-type colonies. Radioimmunoassay for MBP was positive in 5/9 Eo-type and 0/10 neutrophil-macrophage (“GM-type”) colonies, with a mean level (nanogram/colony) of 11.6 +/- 4.2 per Eo-type colony; four of the latter colonies were doubly positive for both histamine and MBP. These and previous findings point out the morphological and biochemical heterogeneity of peripheral blood Eo-type colonies and provide direct evidence for the existence of a common, circulating basophil-eosinophil progenitor.
Population-based case-control study of alpha 1-antitrypsin and SLC11A1 in Crohnʼs disease and ulcerative colitis (2008)

Because AAT and SLC11A1 proteins directly or indirectly function as inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase, mutations in the AAT and SLC11A1 genes may change the balance between elastase produced by leukocytes during phagocytosis.
Lithium ion as growth-controlling agent of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by organometallic synthesis (2008)

ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by adding solid Zn(c-C6H11)2 to a THF solution of the lithium (sodium) precursor and octylamine (OA) as stabilizer. The proportion of Li (Na) was varied from 1 to 10 mol% compared to Zn. Two different lithium precursors namely Li[N(CH3)2] (series 1) and Li[N(Si(CH3)3)2] (series 2) and one sodium precursor namely Na[N(Si(CH3)3)2] (series 3) were used. Interestingly, Li precursors induce a modification of the growth of the particles while, no effect is observed when Na precursors is used. Indeed, isotropic nanoparticles were obtained when Li precursors were used while nanorods were formed with Na precursor as already observed in the same experimental conditions without alkali-metal precursor. Observations by TEM show that as the Li/Zn molar ratio increases, the mean diameters of the nanoparticles vary from 3.7 ± 0.7 nm to 2.5 ± 0.4 nm, and from 4.3 ± 1.0 nm to 3.1 ± 0.8 nm for series 1 and series 2, respectively, while the length and the diameter of the nanorods are ca. 11 × 4 nm, for series 3. Interestingly, the consequence of the lithium induced size variation leads to a shift of the emission band in the visible range, from yellow to blue through white as a function of increasing concentration of lithium precursor. The intensity of this emission is strong enough to be clearly seen by the human eye.
Electronically tunable external-cavity laser diode (1999)

We present a new concept for an electronically tunable diode laser. It is based on an external-cavity configuration with simultaneous feedback and intracavity spatial separation of the laser's spectral components. The electronical tunability is achieved by insertion of a liquid-crystal array as an electronically controlled aperture into the region of spatial separation of the spectral components. Wavelength tunability without mechanical movement over a range of 10 nm and two-color operation are demonstrated with a 670-nm laser diode.
Hyperosmolarity-Induced Cornification of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells Is Regulated by JNK MAPK (2008)

Osmotic stress promotes production of certain CE proteins and cross-linking membrane-associated TG1 and decreases cell viability via JNK MAPK-mediated pathways. Strategies that inhibit JNK production downregulate the cornification response of PCHCE cells to osmotic stress. These findings have potential therapeutic implications for preventing cornification of the corneal epithelium in response to the hyperosmolar tear film in dry eye disease.
Imaging crust and upper mantle seismic structure in the southwestern United States using teleseismic receiver functions (2003)

Rio Grande RIft Seismic TRAnsect (RISTRA) is designed to image and interpret crust and mantle structures beneath the southwestern United States, including the nature of the Colorado Plateau and Rio Grande rift (Figure 1). Key questions include the nature of crustal and mantle structures and thermal conditions beneath one of the more dramatic continental rifts on earth, and clues to understanding the anomalously unextended Colorado Plateau, which is currently surrounded by the predominantly extensional deformation of the western United States.
Abrupt discontinuation of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy: fear of teratogenic risk and impact of counselling. (2001)

When assessing the risks and benefits of taking psychotropic medication during pregnancy, women and their physicians should be aware that the abrupt discontinuation of psychotropic drugs can lead to serious adverse effects. Counselling is effective in reassuring women to adhere to therapy.