gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Packaged and Mounted Diode as a Microwave Circuit (1966)

Suitable definitions of the elements in the equivalent circuit of a packaged diode yield a lumped-element circuit with an impedance at its terminals which is the same as the total radial-line impedance of the packaged diode with the outer surface of the diode taken as the terminal surface. Consideration of the packaged diode as a radial-line structure permits an analytical justification for the incorporation of the diode circuit with the circuits of waveguide, coaxial-line, and strip-line diode mounts. As a result, the lumped-element equivalent circuit of a packaged diode can be directly related to the microwave equivalent circuit of the diode and the mount together. Diode element values, which were obtained from low-frequency measurements, have been used in conjunction with the theoretically determined circuits of mounted diodes to predict resonant frequencies at X-band of waveguide, coaxial-line, and stripline mounts holding packaged diodes. Similarly, antiresonant frequencies of greater than 20 Gc/s have been predicted for diodes in a radial cavity. The validity of all these predictions has been verified by measurement.
Improved Understanding of Reservoir Fluid Dynamics in the North Sea Snorre Field by Combining Tracers, 4D Seismic, and Production Data (2008)

Summary To obtain improved oil recovery (IOR), it is crucial to have a best-possible description of the reservoir and the reservoir dynamics. In addition to production data, information can be obtained from 4D seismic and from tracer monitoring. Interwell tracer testing (IWTT) has been established as a proven and efficient technology to obtain information on well-to-well communication, heterogeneities, and fluid dynamics. During such tests, chemical or radioactive tracers are used to label water or gas from specific wells. The tracers then are used to trace the fluids as they move through the reservoir together with the injection phase. At first tracer breakthrough, IWTT yields immediate and unambiguous information on injector/producer communication. Nevertheless, IWTT is still underused in the petroleum industry, and data may not be used to their full capacity—most tracer data are used in a qualitative manner (Du and Guan 2005). To improve this situation, we combine tracer-data evaluation, 4D seismic, and available production data in an integrated process. The integration is demonstrated using data from the Snorre field in the North Sea. In addition to production data, extensive tracer data (dating back to 1993) and results from three seismic surveys acquired in 1983, 1997, and 2001 were considered. Briefly this study shows that Seismic and tracer data applied in combination can reduce the uncertainties in interpretations of the drainage patterns. Waterfronts interpreted independently by tracer response and seismic dimming compare well. Seismic brightening interpreted as gas accumulation is supported by the gas-tracer responses.
Pre-hospital transport times and survival for Hypotensive patients with penetrating thoracic trauma (2013)

In victims of penetrating thoracic trauma, more severely injured patients arrive at urban trauma centers sooner. Mortality is strongly predicted by injury severity, although shorter pre-hospital times are associated with improved survival. These results suggest that careful planning to optimize transport time-encompassing hospital capacity and existing resources, traffic patterns, and trauma incident densities may be beneficial in areas with a high burden of penetrating trauma.
Sequence Analysis of Scaffolding Protein CipC and ORFXp, a New Cohesin-Containing Protein in<i>Clostridium cellulolyticum</i>: Comparison of Various Cohesin Domains and Subcellular Localization of ORFXp (1999)

The gene encoding the scaffolding protein of the cellulosome from Clostridium cellulolyticum, whose partial sequence was published earlier (S. Pagès, A. Bélaïch, C. Tardif, C. Reverbel-Leroy, C. Gaudin, and J.-P. Bélaïch, J. Bacteriol. 178:2279-2286, 1996; C. Reverbel-Leroy, A. Bélaïch, A. Bernadac, C. Gaudin, J. P. Bélaïch, and C. Tardif, Microbiology 142:1013-1023, 1996), was completely sequenced. The corresponding protein, CipC, is composed of a cellulose binding domain at the N terminus followed by one hydrophilic domain (HD1), seven highly homologous cohesin domains (cohesin domains 1 to 7), a second hydrophilic domain, and a final cohesin domain (cohesin domain 8) which is only 57 to 60% identical to the seven other cohesin domains. In addition, a second gene located 8.89 kb downstream of cipC was found to encode a three-domain protein, called ORFXp, which includes a cohesin domain. By using antiserum raised against the latter, it was observed that ORFXp is associated with the membrane of C. cellulolyticum and is not detected in the cellulosome fraction. Western blot and BIAcore experiments indicate that cohesin domains 1 and 8 from CipC recognize the same dockerins and have similar affinity for CelA (Ka = 4.8 x 10(9) M-1) whereas the cohesin from ORFXp, although it is also able to bind all cellulosome components containing a dockerin, has a 19-fold lower Ka for CelA (2.6 x 10(8) M-1). Taken together, these data suggest that ORFXp may play a role in cellulosome assembly.
High efficiency direct fuel cell hybrid power cycle for near term application (1996)

Direct carbonate fuel cells being developed by Energy Research Corporation can generate power at an efficiency approaching 60% LHV. This unique fuel cell technology can consume natural gas and other hydrocarbon based fuels directly without requiring an external reformer, thus providing a simpler and inherently efficient power generation system. A 2 MW power plant demonstration of this technology has been initiated at an installation in the city of Santa Clara in California. A 2.85 MW commercial configuration shown in Figure 1 is presently being developed. The complete plant includes the carbonate fuel cell modules, an inverter, transformer and switchgear, a heat recovery unit and supporting instrument air and water treatment systems. The emission levels for this 2.85 MW plant are projected to be orders of magnitude below existing or proposed standards. The 30 year levelized cost of electricity, without inflation, is projected to be approximately 5{cents}/kW-h assuming capital cost for the carbonate fuel cell system of $1000/kW.
Microstrip array technology (1981)

Past and present technological developments in microstrip antenna arrays are summarized. Emphasis is on exploring the potential of such arrays for satisfying the requirements of advanced military and commercial applications.
Hydrogen-transfer reactions which generate new imine, imido, and trimethylenemethane complexes of tantalum (1983)

The reactions of Cp*TaMe3C1 (Cp* = qs-CsMeS) with a variety of alkali-metal alkoxide, alkylamide, and alkyl reagents have been examined. Reaction with LiNMe2 produces Cp*Ta(NMez)Me3, which decomposes at 25 OC to an imine (or metallaazirane) complex, Cp*Ta(CH2NMe)Me2. The decomposition is a first-order, unimolecular process with a large kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 9.7). Monoalkylamides (LiNHR) react with Cp*TaMe3C1 to form imido complexes Cp*Ta(NR)Mez. Reaction of Cp*TaMe3C1 with lithium diisopropylamide forms a bridging methylene complex, Cp*Me2Ta(pCH2)(p-H)zTaMezCp*. The alkoxide compounds Cp*Ta(OR)Me3 (R = Me, CHMe2, CMe3) are very stable and decompose only over 100 OC. Alkyl complexes are stable only if the alkyl group does not have j3-hydrogens. Treatment of Cp*TaMe3C1 with (2-methylally1)magneium bromide affords an unstable tantalum 2-methylallyl compound, which decomposes cleanly to the trimethylenemethanec omplex Cp*TaMeZ(q4-C(CH2),)T. he rates of hydrogen abstraction or elimination processes in this system correlate with the nature of the atom bound to tantalum: for reactions involving a /3-hydrogen transfer the order is C > N > 0, while the facility of a-hydrogen abstraction reactions appear to decrease in the reverse order N > C. These reactivity patterns appear to reflect the variance in T a x , Ta-N, and Ta-O bond energies in this series. Hydrogenation of the imido compounds (Cp*Ta(NR)Me2) in the presence of phosphine ligands yields new examples of imido hydride complexes Cp*Ta(NR)H,(L) (L = PMe3, PMe2(C6Hs); R = CMe3, CHzCMe3). A moderately stable alkyl hydride complex, Cp*Ta(CH2NMe)Me(PMe3)H, has also been prepared.
Power spectral density of unevenly sampled data by least-square analysis: performance and application to heart rate signals (1998)

This work studies the frequency behavior of a least-square method to estimate the power spectral density of unevenly sampled signals. When the uneven sampling can be modeled as uniform sampling plus a stationary random deviation, this spectrum results in a periodic repetition of the original continuous time spectrum at the mean Nyquist frequency, with a low-pass effect affecting upper frequency bands that depends on the sampling dispersion. If the dispersion is small compared with the mean sampling period, the estimation at the base band is unbiased with practically no dispersion. When uneven sampling is modeled by a deterministic sinusoidal variation respect to the uniform sampling the obtained results are in agreement with those obtained for small random deviation. This approximation is usually well satisfied in signals like heart rate (HR) series. The theoretically predicted performance has been tested and corroborated with simulated and real HR signals. The Lomb method has been compared with the classical power spectral density (PSD) estimators that include resampling to get uniform sampling. We have found that the Lomb method avoids the major problem of classical methods: the low-pass effect of the resampling. Also only frequencies up to the mean Nyquist frequency should be considered (lower than 0.5 Hz if the HR is lower than 60 bpm). We conclude that for PSD estimation of unevenly sampled signals the Lomb method is more suitable than fast Fourier transform or autoregressive estimate with linear or cubic interpolation. In extreme situations (low-HR or high-frequency components) the Lomb estimate still introduces high-frequency contamination that suggest further studies of superior performance interpolators. In the case of HR signals we have also marked the convenience of selecting a stationary heart rate period to carry out a heart rate variability analysis.
Efficient method of moments formulation for large PEC scattering problems using asymptotic phasefront extraction (APE) (2001)

A method is introduced for reducing the exorbitant dependence on computer storage and solution time in the method of moments (MoM) for electrically large electromagnetic (EM) scattering problems. The unknown surface currents on large, smooth parts of a perfect electrical conductor (PEC) scatterer are expressed by an efficient set of linearly phased surface current basis functions. The phasefront characteristics of the surface currents are numerically extracted from known current samples obtained from a lower-frequency solution of the same configuration. The use of such basis functions for efficiently representing the surface currents that are constructed in terms of linearly phased currents at higher frequencies is justified by considering the form of the surface currents predicted by high-frequency asymptotic ray methods. The procedure for extracting the current phasefronts is purely numerical, obviating computationally expensive and nonrobust operations such as ray-tracing, and thus, is amenable to general purpose scattering codes. The new MoM with linearly phased basis functions is shown to greatly relieve the storage and solution time of the conventional MoM while accurately reproducing the induced surface currents and scattered fields of some chosen targets.
A highly-effective parallelization of statistical time-consuming tests of Pseudorandom Number Generators using CUDA (2015)

This paper focuses on parallelizing the most time-consuming statistical tests of the pseudorandom number generators for execution on the Graphics Processing Unit using NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture. We propose new efficient parallel strategies for several tests that exhaust most time and hardware resources from a Statistical Test Suite for Random and Pseudorandom Number Generators of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We show that these tests can benefit from the GPU solutions, leading to substantial improvements in speed-up even though keeping the accuracy of the test results. Our results reveal that the new parallel methods execute up to 200x faster compared to their sequential counterparts of the NIST.
Role of NH2-terminal positively charged residues in establishing membrane protein topology. (1993)

The paramyxovirus HN polypeptide is a model type II membrane protein, containing an internal uncleaved signal/anchor (S/A) and is oriented in the membrane with an NH2-terminal cytoplasmic domain and COOH-terminal ectodomain (Ncyt topology). To test the role of NH2-terminal positively charged residues in directing the HN membrane topology, the 3 arginine (Arg) residues within the 17-amino-acid NH2-terminal domain were systematically converted to a glutamine or glutamate, and the topology of the mutant proteins was examined after expression in CV-1 cells. The data indicate that: (i) each of the NH2-terminal Arg residues contributes to the signal directing proper HN topology, since substitutions in any of the three positions resulted in approximately 13-23% inversion into the Nexo form; (ii) substitutions in the Arg directly flanking the signal/anchor domain resulted in slightly more inversion than those which were located more distally; and (iii) substitution with a negatively charged glutamate led to more inversion than did replacement with an uncharged glutamine. The effect of a single Arg to Glu substitution on the HN topology was enhanced when present in the context of a truncated NH2-terminal cytoplasmic tail (3 residues). A comparison of the sequences flanking the signal/anchor of well documented type III proteins showed that the majority of these proteins contain a negatively charged residue flanking the NH2-terminal side. An exception to this rule is the NB protein which contains a single positively charged Arg residue in this position. A chimeric protein containing the NB ectodomain and the HN S/A and HN ectodomain lead to a significant fraction (70%) of the chimeric protein adopting type II topology suggesting that the positive charge flanking the S/A domain is important for establishing type II topology. These data are discussed in the context of the loop model for the biogenesis of integral membrane proteins and the possible signals necessary for establishing differing orientations.
Wave equation receiver deghosting (2013)

Current solutions to receiver deghosting generally involve making complementary measurements of the wavefield or, alternatively, involve estimation of data not recorded due to ghost interference. Both solutions offer challenges in practice in that marine multimeasurement streamers are commercially available only on a limited basis and existing single-measurement deghosting methods must estimate unrecorded frequencies near the ghost notches. Here, we develop a new wave equation-based approach for single measurement deghosting that does not rely on such estimation procedures.
Long-term Outcome of Surgical Treatment of Intracavernous Giant Aneurysms (1998)

A number of approaches have been proposed for the treatment of intracavernous giant aneurysms. In the present study, we have analyzed long-term surgical outcome of 27 consecutive cases of our experience. All the cases were unruptured and symptomatic, showing symptoms such as extraocular movement disorder or visual disturbances. Thirteen cases were male and 14 cases were female. The age of the patients ranged between 11 and 75 years (average 52.2 years) and follow-up periods were between 1 and 20 years (average 7.7 years). Abducens nerve was distributed in 20 cases, oculomotor nerve in 12 cases, optic nerve in six cases, trigeminal nerve in six cases, and trochlear nerve in five cases. In addition to conventional angiography, three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography, balloon test occlusion (BTO), slow injection angiography, aneurysmography, and single photon emission computed tomography with BTO were used to determine a method of treatment. Therapeutic modalities of the present series were as follows: four cases were unoperated, common carotid artery ligation was performed in eight cases, internal carotid artery (IC) ligation in three cases, IC ligation plus superficial temporal artery (STA)--middle cerebral artery (MCA) anastomosis in four cases, IC ligation plus high flow vein bypass in three cases, IC trapping plus STA-MCA anastomosis in three cases, and direct clipping in two cases. Although two cases showed early and late ischemic complications, other cases demonstrated improvement of cranial nerve dysfunction relatively soon after surgical treatment and long-term outcome was generally good. It is concluded that good long-term surgical outcome is obtained for intracavernous giant aneurysms by selecting adequate surgical treatment based upon careful preoperative evaluation of these aneurysms using sophisticated diagnostic methods.
Distributing Power Grid State Estimation on HPC Clusters - A System Architecture Prototype (2012)

The future power grid is expected to further expand with highly distributed energy sources and smart loads. The increased size and complexity lead to increased burden on existing computational resources in energy control centers. Thus the need to perform real-time assessment on such systems entails efficient means to distribute centralized functions such as state estimation in the power system. In this paper, we present our experience of prototyping a system architecture that connects distributed state estimators individually running parallel programs to solve non-linear estimation procedure. Through our experience, we highlight the needs of integrating the distributed state estimation algorithm with efficient partition and data communication tools so that distributed state estimation has low overhead compared to the centralized solution. We build a test case based on the IEEE 118 bus system and partition the state estimation of the whole system model to available HPC clusters. The measurement from the test bed demonstrates the low overhead of our solution.
Learning Disabilities, Dyslexia, and Vision (2011)

Learning disabilities constitute a diverse group of disorders in which children who generally possess at least average intelligence have problems processing information or generating output. Their etiologies are multifactorial and reflect genetic influences and dysfunction of brain systems. Reading disability, or dyslexia, is the most common learning disability. It is a receptive language-based learning disability that is characterized by difficulties with decoding, fluent word recognition, rapid automatic naming, and/or reading-comprehension skills. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonologic component of language that makes it difficult to use the alphabetic code to decode the written word. Early recognition and referral to qualified professionals for evidence-based evaluations and treatments are necessary to achieve the best possible outcome. Because dyslexia is a language-based disorder, treatment should be directed at this etiology. Remedial programs should include specific instruction in decoding, fluency training, vocabulary, and comprehension. Most programs include daily intensive individualized instruction that explicitly teaches phonemic awareness and the application of phonics. Vision problems can interfere with the process of reading, but children with dyslexia or related learning disabilities have the same visual function and ocular health as children without such conditions. Currently, there is inadequate scientific evidence to support the view that subtle eye or visual problems cause or increase the severity of learning disabilities. Because they are difficult for the public to understand and for educators to treat, learning disabilities have spawned a wide variety of scientifically unsupported vision-based diagnostic and treatment procedures. Scientific evidence does not support the claims that visual training, muscle exercises, ocular pursuit-and-tracking exercises, behavioral/perceptual vision therapy, "training" glasses, prisms, and colored lenses and filters are effective direct or indirect treatments for learning disabilities. There is no valid evidence that children who participate in vision therapy are more responsive to educational instruction than children who do not participate.
Genome Engineering of <i>Drosophila</i> with the CRISPR RNA-Guided Cas9 Nuclease (2013)

We have adapted a bacterial CRISPR RNA/Cas9 system to precisely engineer the Drosophila genome and report that Cas9-mediated genomic modifications are efficiently transmitted through the germline. This RNA-guided Cas9 system can be rapidly programmed to generate targeted alleles for probing gene function in Drosophila.
Robust T cell immunity in convalescent individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 (2020)

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells will likely prove critical for long-term immune protection against COVID-19. We systematically mapped the functional and phenotypic landscape of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in a large cohort of unexposed individuals as well as exposed family members and individuals with acute or convalescent COVID-19. Acute phase SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells displayed a highly activated cytotoxic phenotype that correlated with various clinical markers of disease severity, whereas convalescent phase SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were polyfunctional and displayed a stem-like memory phenotype. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were detectable in antibody-seronegative family members and individuals with a history of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19. Our collective dataset shows that SARS-CoV-2 elicits robust memory T cell responses akin to those observed in the context of successful vaccines, suggesting that natural exposure or infection may prevent recurrent episodes of severe COVID-19 also in seronegative individuals.
Modeling of the Inhibition of Retroviral Integrases by Styrylquinoline Derivatives (2000)

Styrylquinoline derivatives, known to be potent inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase, have been experimentally tested for their inhibitory effect on the disintegration reaction catalyzed by catalytic cores of HIV-1 and Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) integrases. A modified docking protocol, consisting of coupling a grid search method with full energy minimization, has been specially designed to study the interaction between the inhibitors and the integrases. The inhibitors consist of two moieties that have hydroxyl and/or carboxyl substituents: the first moiety is either benzene, phenol, catechol, resorcinol, or salicycilic acid; the hydroxyl substituents on the second (quinoline) moiety may be in the keto or in the enol forms. Several tautomeric forms of the drugs have been docked to the crystallographic structure of the RSV catalytic core. The computed binding energy of the keto forms correlates best with the measured inhibitory effect. The docking procedure shows that the inhibitors bind closely to the crystallographic catalytic Mg(2+) dication. Additional quantum chemistry computations show that there is no direct correlation between the binding energy of the drugs with the Mg(2+) dication and their in vitro inhibitory effect. The designed method is a leading way for identification of potent integrase inhibitors using in silico experiments.