gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensorless Speed Measurement of Induction Motor Using Hilbert Transform and Interpolated Fast Fourier Transform (2006)

A new scheme based on the Hilbert transform and the interpolated fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is proposed to improve the estimation accuracy of induction motor speed from motor current signals. The phase and amplitude fluctuation associated with the eccentricity harmonics is first demodulated by the Hilbert transform. IFFT is then performed to estimate the speed of induction motors running under constant speed and transient conditions. Simulations have shown considerable improvement in estimation accuracy using IFFT as compared to the FFT technique. An experimental study has further confirmed good agreement between the estimated motor speed using the proposed scheme and the measured speed using an encoder.
An Improved Ray Shooting Method for Constructive Solid Geometry Models Via Tree Contraction (1998)

In the Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) representation a geometric object is described as the hierarchical combination of a number of primitive shapes using the operations union, intersection, subtraction, and exclusive-union. This hierarchical description defines an expression tree, T, called the CSG tree, with leaves associated with primitive shapes, internal nodes associated with operations, and whose "value" is the geometric object. Evaluation of CSG trees is an important computation that arises in many rendering and analysis problems for geometric models, with ray shooting (also known as "ray casting") being one of the most important. Given any CSG tree T, which may be unbalanced, we show how to convert T into a functionally-equivalent binary tree, D, that is balanced. We demonstrate the utility of this conversion by showing how it can be used to improve the worst-case running time for ray shooting against a CSG model from O(n 2 ) to O(n log n), which is optimal. In addition, the practicality of our method has been demonstrated in experimental benchmarking tests using the BRL-CAD package.
Nutrition in the neonate (1995)

Good nutrition is of great importance for all living individuals, especially for the rapidly growing newborn infant. Nutrition is needed not only for the maintenance of physiologic functions but also for growth. Despite extensive research in this field, numerous questions remain regarding the nutrition of the term as well as the preterm infant. It should be stressed that the requirements of term infants are different from those of preterm infants, and a further distinction has to be made between very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight infants. In this review, the following issues are addressed: breastfeeding versus formula feeding, the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids, nutrition of the infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and parenteral nutrition.
Biotinylation, Pharmacokinetics, and Extracorporeal Adsorption of Humanized MAb <sup>111</sup> In-MN14 Using an Avidin-Affinity Column in Rats (2003)

(111)In-hMN14 can be safely biotinylated using sulfo-NHS-biotin without significantly affecting antigenicity and biodistribution of the antibody. ECAT based on avidin-biotin concept effectively removed biotinylated (111)In-hMN14 from blood circulation and reduced activity in radiosensitive organs.
Resonance Raman Characterization of Proteorhodopsin's Chromophore Environment (2003)

Proteorhodopsin (pR) is a bacteriorhodopsin (bR) homologue, recently discovered in oceanic bacterioplankton, which functions as a light-driven proton pump. Resonance Raman spectra of pR excited with 532-nm light indicate that there are two subpopulations of pR within the sample solubilized in octylglucoside detergent and maintained in a light-adapted state in a spinning Raman cell. The subpopulations exhibit two distinct chromophore environments, as evidenced by two sets of split peaks, 1642/1655 cm-1 (corresponding to the Schiff base υCN vibration) and 1244/1252 cm-1 (corresponding to a retinylidene−lysine N−C−H rock). These populations most likely arise either from different post-translational modifications of the heterologously expressed protein or from a mixture of retinal isomers (all-trans and 13-cis) that was previously reported to be present in light-adapted pR in a 60:40 ratio. However, the latter possibility seems at odds with the resonance Raman fingerprint spectral patterns in both natural-abundance and 15-2H-retinal-subsituted pR, which are consistent with an all-trans chromophore configuration similar to that of light-adapted bR.
The Mechanochemistry of High Polymers (1971)

Abstract Several different schools of workers have dominated research in the field of polymer mechanochemistry. These include the Russian school with Baramboim, Berlin, Butyagin; Watson, Ceresa and others of the Natural Rubber Producers' Research Association; and a host of other European workers. Also active are the Japanese and Rumanian groups. In the U. S. the activity has centered at the National Bureau of Standards and in a number of labs including our own. The tables for the review summarize mechanochemical studies on individual polymers, multicomponent polymer systems, and on polymer solutions. For a field so important, it is surprising so few summaries have been prepared. An early review (1960), emphasizing the mechanical degradation of rubber, was prepared by Watson. The classic book on Mechanochemistry of Polymers by Baraboim was published in English in 1964. In the same year Watson also published an excellent book chapter on mechanochemical reactions. Other general volumes and reviews on polymer degradation and synthesis have been published. This review on mechanochemistry cites the majority of recent publications. The extensive patent literature authored particularly by workers at the NRPRA has not been considered. The review is not intended to constitute an exhaustive report but rather a survey of polymer reactions induced by mechanical means. Studies directed to thermal, oxidative, sonic wave, and additional degradation methods may be cited only incidently as they relate to predominantly mechanochemical reactions. The books by Jellinek and by Grassie remain an excellent source for information on all modes of polymer degradation. The mechanical degradation of polymers has emerged as a fundamental problem of major industrial importance. The effects are important in the processing and use properties of polymers. Mechanochemical reactions of polymers in solution is also an important commercial problem such as in the prediction of stability of polymers in multigrade automobile lubricating oils. Industrial necessities have required scientists to study mechanical reactions by the use of suitable laboratory equipment for the purpose of overcoming this problem. These studies have provided numerous, fundamental and interesting publications involving the chemistry, physics, and mechanics of mechanochemistry. As a prime example, the discovery of the softening of natural rubber by mechanical treatment was reported as early as 1857. This process is still used today in the rubber industry. In other major industrial processes such as extrusion and injection molding, mechanical reactions manifest themselves in the more severe cases as polymer discoloration, embrittlement, and stress cracking. The industrial necessity of grinding plastic wastes for recovery and reuse and the necessity of transferring and spreading polymer solutions are also modes for polymer mechanical degradation.
Integration of Self‐Lubrication and Near‐Infrared Photothermogenesis for Excellent Anti‐Icing/Deicing Performance (2015)

The economic and safety issues caused by ice accretion have become more and more serious. Except for traditional ways of anti‐icing, such as spraying agents, mechanical/thermal removal, etc., more economic approaches are urgently required. This work demonstrates the conceptual feasibility of using a self‐lubricated photothermal coating for both anti‐icing and deicing function. The coating is generally water repellent and infiltrated with hydrocarbon or perfluorocarbon oils as the lubricant to endow a liquid interface for preventing ice accumulation and minimizing the adhesion of ice on surfaces once it is formed. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles are added to the film to afford high efficiency photothermal effect under near‐infrared irradiation for rapidly melting the accumulated ice. The conceptual strategy can be easily implemented as a facile method to fabricate analogous sprayed coatings. It represents a major advance to tackle the challenging icing issue that is normally seen as a disaster in everyday life.
Essential Role of Caveolae in Interleukin-6- and Insulin-like Growth Factor I-triggered Akt-1-mediated Survival of Multiple Myeloma Cells (2003)

Caveolae, specialized flask-shaped lipid rafts on the cell surface, are composed of cholesterol, sphingolipids, and structural proteins termed caveolins; functionally, these plasma membrane microdomains have been implicated in signal transduction and transmembrane transport. In the present study, we examined the role of caveolin-1 in multiple myeloma cells. We show for the first time that caveolin-1, which is usually absent in blood cells, is expressed in multiple myeloma cells. Analysis of myeloma cell-derived plasma membrane fractions shows that caveolin-1 is co-localized with interleukin-6 receptor signal transducing chain gp130 and with insulin-like growth factor-I receptor. Cholesterol depletion by beta-cyclodextrin results in the loss of caveola structure in myeloma cells, as shown by transmission electron microscopy, and loss of caveolin-1 function. Interleukin-6 and insulin-like growth factor-I, growth and survival factors in multiple myeloma, induce caveolin-1 phosphorylation, which is abrogated by pre-treatment with beta-cyclodextrin. Importantly, inhibition of caveolin-1 phosphorylation blocks both interleukin-6-induced protein complex formation with caveolin-1 and downstream activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-1 pathway. beta-Cyclodextrin also blocks insulin-like growth factor-I-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin-responsive substrate-1 and downstream activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-1 pathway. Therefore, cholesterol depletion by beta-cyclodextrin abrogates both interleukin-6- and insulin-like growth factor-I-triggered multiple myeloma cell survival via negative regulation of caveolin-1. Taken together, this study identifies caveolin-1 and other structural membrane components as potential new therapeutic targets in multiple myeloma.
Fourfield : Computers, Art & the 4th Dimension (1992)

The artists Monet, Seurat and Duchamp were all interested in depicting a fourth dimension more than a century ago, but only recently have computer technology and scientific enquiry permitted the necessary means for its exploration. Tony Robbin, a painter and sculptor based in New York, has been using this new technology to create wondrous works that blur the boundaries typically erected between art and science. Robbin's writing and reproductions of his works help him probe terrain from which most artists run - relativity, non-euclidean geometry, hypercubes and quasicrystals, this book assists the reader in seeing 4D imagery, packaged with Fourfield 3D glasses, which are also effective with the computer software available by mail to the book's buyers.
HUMAN MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES (1970)

PPD-sensitized monocytes and macrophages from tuberculin-positive subjects are both capable of inducing blastogenic transformation of autologous lymphocytes. Incorporation of thymidine-(3)H and morphological transformation were always greater in lymphocyte cultures containing macrophages than in those containing monocytes. More lymphocytes entered the first detectable S phase in cultures containing macrophages. Lymphocyte DNA synthesis occurred as early as 40 hr of culture and always in cells in contact with mononuclear phagocytes. By 120-144 hr, many transformed lymphocytes were free in suspension; at the same time, the "immunological cluster" had increased greatly in size and contained transformed and untransformed lymphocytes. The greater effectiveness of macrophages at induction of lymphocyte transformation may be related to the efficiency of this cell type at trapping antigen and its effectiveness at making contact with and binding lymphocytes.
Binding of Lysozyme onto a Cation‐Exchange Microporous Membrane Containing Tentacle‐Type Grafted Polymer Branches (1994)

Ion-exchange adsorption of lysozyme to the sulfonic acid (SO3H) group on polymer chains grafted onto microporous polyethylene hollow-fiber membranes was examined. The lysozyme solution was forced to permeate across the hollow fiber. Diversely anchored SO3H groups, i.e., SP and SS groups, were introduced into the membrane by reaction of the glycidyl methacrylate-grafted membrane with propanesultone and sodium sulfite, respectively. The resulting SP and SS group-containing membranes, designated as SP-T and SS-T fibers, respectively, had 95 and 77% water flux of the original membrane, respectively. The binding capacity of lysozyme as a function of the SO3H group density was compared between the SP-T and SS-T fibers from measurement of the ion-exchange breakthrough curves during the permeation of lysozyme solution across the SP-T and SS-T fibers. The binding capacity of lysozyme to the SP-T fiber remained constant, independent of the SP group density, whereas that to the SS-T fiber increased linearly with increasing SS group density. This difference was explained by means of a model whereby lysozyme adheres onto the SP group-containing grafted polymer branches, while the SS group-containing grafted polymer branches hold lysozyme in a tentacle-like manner.
Vaccine and antiviral strategies against infections caused by human immunodeficiency virus. (1988)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been clearly associated with a variety of new illnesses, including profound immunodeficiency (acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS]), wasting syndromes (formerly termed AIDS-related complex [ARC]) and neurologic syndromes, including neuropathy, myelopathy and encephalopathy (often termed subacute encephalitis or AIDS dementia complex). HIV-1 preferentially infects T lymphocytes by binding to a membrane receptor protein, CD4, associated with helper function. The virus can also attack macrophages and, possibly, other cells such as neuronal cells, colonic epithelial cells and B lymphocytes. Infection of macrophages or monocytes may be involved in neurologic disease. Knowledge about HIV-1 has rapidly increased, and investigators have characterized its structure, ways in which it infects cells, replicates and is cytopathic for certain cells, and how the immune system responds to it. The ideal vaccine would prevent adsorption of the virus into the cell, but it is difficult to develop stable resistance because the virus has many antigenic patterns and mutates frequently. The results of vaccine trials in animals have not been promising, but work is being done with monoclonal antibodies. Antiviral therapies being investigated include those to prevent virus binding and entry, to inhibit reverse transcription, to inhibit the virus's life cycle and to restore immune competence in immunocompromised patients.
Firepile (2011)

Recent advances have enabled GPUs to be used as general-purpose parallel processors on commodity hardware for little cost. However, the ability to program these devices has not kept up with their performance. The programming model for GPUs has a number of restrictions that make it difficult to program. For example, software running on the GPU cannot perform dynamic memory allocation, requiring the programmer to pre-allocate all memory the GPU might use. To achieve good performance, GPU programmers must also be aware of how data is moved between host and GPU memory and between the different levels of the GPU memory hierarchy.
Fluorescent labeling of chitosan for use in non-invasive monitoring of degradation in tissue engineering (2011)

The establishment of non-invasive analytical tools for assessing the in-situ use of biomaterials for surgical implants or scaffolds in tissue engineering and polymer-based therapies is fundamental. This study established a method for fluorescent tracking of the degradation of a chitosan membrane scaffold for use in vitro in bioreactors and ultimately in vivo. The basis of this tracking system is a fluorescence emitting biomaterial obtained by covalent binding of the fluorophore tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) onto the backbone of chitosan. Using confocal microscopy, this study quantitated the reductions in fluorescence intensity of the membrane and correlated these decreases with weight loss during polymer breakdown, thereby providing a technique for non-destructively assessing the extent of degradation of chitosan materials over time in vitro. Using multispectral imaging in a mouse model, the study assessed the degradation profile of the fluorophore-labeled biomaterial in vivo in real time and identified the dispersing pathway of the chitosan membrane degradation products in vivo. The results revealed that TRITC conjugated chitosan was biocompatible and supported bone cell growth. The changes in fluorescence intensity correlated well with weight loss up to 16 weeks of in vitro culture and could be monitored over two weeks in vivo.
Phase-concurrent hash tables for determinism (2014)

We present a deterministic phase-concurrent hash table in which operations of the same type are allowed to proceed concurrently, but operations of different types are not. Phase-concurrency guarantees that all concurrent operations commute, giving a deterministic hash table state, guaranteeing that the state of the table at any quiescent point is independent of the ordering of operations. Furthermore, by restricting our hash table to be phase-concurrent, we show that we can support operations more efficiently than previous concurrent hash tables. Our hash table is based on linear probing, and relies on history-independence for determinism.
A multilevel metallized DSA MOS masterslice (1979)

A new LSI with high-speed capability and high-packing density for computer use has been successfully achieved within a short turnaround time by a new DSA MOS masterslice. Two-level metallization has been accomplished by the use of full plasma processes. The average gate delay time of the new masterslice was improved to 2 ns compared with 3 ns in the case of single-level metallization.
The Spaghetti Problem (1949)

(1949). The Spaghetti Problem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 56, No. 10P1, pp. 669-672.
Sociometric badges: Using sensor technology to capture new forms of collaboration (2012)

Summary This article introduces sociometric badges as a research tool that captures with great accuracy fine‐scale speech patterns and body movements among a group of individuals at a scale that heretofore has been impossible in groups and teams studies. Such a tool offers great potential for studying the changing ecology of team structures and new modes of collaboration. Team boundaries are blurring as members disperse across multiple cultures, convene through various media, and operate in new configurations. As the how and why of collaboration evolves, an opportunity emerges to reassess the methods used to capture these interactions and to identify new tools that might help us create synergies across existing approaches to teams research. We offer sociometric badges as a complement to existing data collection methods—one that is well‐positioned to capture real‐time collaboration in new forms of teams. Used as one component in a multi‐method approach, sociometric badges can capture what an observer or cross‐sectional survey might miss, contributing to a more accurate understanding of group dynamics in new teams. We also revisit traditional teams research to suggest how we might use these badges to tackle long‐standing challenges. We conclude with three case studies demonstrating potential applications of these sociometric badges. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the cellular basis of keratinocyte growth factor overexpression in inflammatory bowel disease (1999)

The major source of KGF expression in IBD was lamina propria cells of non-immune origin, most likely fibroblasts and/or smooth muscle cells. Compared with these cell types, relatively little KGF synthesis was associated with IELs in inflamed IBD tissue.
Long-Distance Transmission of Directly Modulated 1550nm AM-VSB CATV Systems (2001)

Keywords: Directly Modulated Transmitter Half-SPLIT-BAND Push-PULL Preamplifier Wavelength-DIVISION-MULTIPLEXING
Applying Template Meta-Programming Techniques for a Domain-Specific Visual Language--An Industrial Experience Report (2007)

Template meta-programming techniques can be used to increase efficiency in software development. These techniques have traditionally been used with textual programming languages, such as C++. In this paper, we discuss how corresponding techniques can be used with visual languages. The visual language under study in this paper is function block language (FBL). FBL is used in Metso Automation for writing automation control programs that are executed in realtime distributed environments. Efficient development of high quality programs and easy customizability of existing programs are key requirements in practical customer projects. These requirements have been one of the main motivations to develop template meta-programming support in FBL discussed. In this paper, we focus both on the technical aspects and on the lessons learnt from programmers' experiences and ways to work with templates. FBL and the programming techniques proposed have been used in hundreds of real-world projects at Metso Automation.
On the Dangers of Cross-Validation. An Experimental Evaluation (2008)

Cross validation allows models to be tested using the full training set by means of repeated resampling; thus, maximizing the total number of points used for testing and potentially, helping to protect against overfitting. Improvements in computational power, recent reductions in the (computational) cost of classification algorithms, and the development of closed-form solutions (for performing cross validation in certain classes of learning algorithms) makes it possible to test thousand or millions of variants of learning models on the data. Thus, it is now possible to calculate cross validation performance on a much larger number of tuned models than would have been possible otherwise. However, we empirically show how under such large number of models the risk for overfitting increases and the performance estimated by cross validation is no longer an effective estimate of generalization; hence, this paper provides an empirical reminder of the dangers of cross validation. We use a closed-form solution that makes this evaluation possible for the cross validation problem of interest. In addition, through extensive experiments we expose and discuss the effects of the overuse/misuse of cross validation in various aspects, including model selection, feature selection, and data dimensionality. This is illustrated on synthetic, benchmark, and real-world data sets.