gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) recognition site of platelet glycoprotein IIb- IIIa on nonactivated platelets is accessible to high-affinity macromolecules (1992)

We have characterized a murine IgG monoclonal antibody, OP-G2, specific for platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa (alpha IIb beta 3). OP-G2 Fab fragments inhibit fibrinogen-mediated platelet aggregation and competitively inhibit adenosine diphosphate-induced binding of 125I-fibrinogen to washed platelets. OP-G2 binding to GPIIb-IIIa is specifically inhibited by RGD-containing peptides but not the fibrinogen gamma-chain carboxy-terminal peptide, and OP-G2 Fab fragments, like RGD-containing peptides, alter the conformation of GPIIb-IIIa resulting in the expression of a ligand-induced binding site (LIBS) recognized by PMI-1. OP-G2 fails to bind to the recombinant Cam variant of GPIIb-IIIa (alpha III beta 3Cam) wherein an Asp119 to Tyr119 substitution in GPIIIa abrogates the ability to recognize RGD. These data indicate that OP-G2 recognizes an epitope at or in very close proximity to the RGD recognition site of GPIIb-IIIa and that, in every aspect tested, OP-G2 behaves like a macromolecular RGD ligand. Interestingly, two-color flow cytometry shows that OP-G2 IgG can bind to nonactivated platelets. Quantitative binding assays indicate that nonactivated platelets bind approximately 50,000 125I-OP-G2 molecules/platelet. Furthermore, the affinity of OP-G2 for platelets activated with thrombin is roughly fivefold higher (nonactivated, kd = 24.8 nmol/L; activated, kd = 4.9 nmol/L). These results suggest that the RGD recognition site of GPIIb-IIIa is available to macromolecules that contain RGD even on nonactivated platelets, provided that the affinity of the ligand is adequate.
A Software-Only Solution to Use Scratch Pads for Stack Data (2009)

A dynamic scratch pad memory (SPM) management scheme for program stack data with the objective of processor power reduction is presented. Basic technique does not need the SPM size at compile time, does not mandate any hardware changes, does not need profile information, and seamlessly integrates support for recursive functions. Stack frames are managed using a software SPM manager, integrated into the application binary, and shows average energy savings of 32% along with a performance improvement of 13%, on benchmarks from MiBench. SPM management can be further optimized and made pointer safe, by knowing the SPM size.
Construction, Phenotypic Analysis, and Immunogenicity of a UL5/UL29 Double Deletion Mutant of Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (2000)

A number of studies have shown that replication-defective mutant strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV) can induce protective immunity in animal systems against wild-type HSV challenge. However, all of those studies used viruses with single mutations. Because multiple, stable mutations provide optimal levels of safety for live vaccines, we felt that additional mutations needed to be engineered into a candidate vaccine strain for HSV-2 and genital herpes. We therefore isolated an HSV-2 strain with deletion mutations in two viral DNA replication protein genes, UL5 and UL29. The resulting double deletion mutant virus strain, dl5-29, fails to form plaques or to give any detectable single cycle yields in normal monkey or human cells. Nevertheless, dl5-29 expresses nearly the same pattern of gene products as the wild-type virus or the single mutant viruses and induces antibody titers in mice that are equivalent to those induced by single deletion mutant viruses. Therefore, it is feasible to isolate a mutant HSV strain with two mutations in essential genes and with an increased level of safety but which is still highly immunogenic.
Low Power Current-Mode Algorithmic ADC in Half Flash (BCD) (2006)

This paper presents a principle of analog to digital converter (ADC) based on current mode half flash (BCD). This circuit can be converted to 4-bit output at each moment, and multiple output bit numbers by serial connection. It uses a current injection technique to increase the speed of current mirrors, low power and algorithmic ADC application is presented. A current mode, the active current mirror and current comparators that controlled reference current by W/L ratio, has been used. Its feasibility agrees with simulation results of PSPICE program. The circuit design used CMOS 0.5mum which is capable to the slowest conversion time is less than 5.2nS, resulting in a conversion rate of more than 195 MHz, power consumed 1mW , input current 0-60 muA and single 2.5V supply
The Role of Prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub> in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration (2012)

W hen hormones that mediate the development of skeletal muscle strength and hypertrophy are considered, anabolic steroids, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 typically receive much attention. However, as the study of exercise endocrinology has expanded, roles for lesser known chemical messengers in anabolic processes have been discovered. Prostaglandin F2 (PGF2) is one such hormone, described as an endogenously-produced growth factor. F2 is a member of the prostaglandin family of eicosanoid hormones. Prostaglandins have dual roles in regeneration and inflammation, but it is their activities in inflammation that make them the primary target of cyclooxygenase (COX)inhibitor drugs (Table Indeed, much of the research that seeks to elucidate the roles of prostaglandins in skeletal muscle regeneration does so through suppression of its production with COX inhibitors.
Machine-Learning Classifiers for Security in Connected Medical Devices (2017)

Medical devices equipped with wireless connectivity and remote monitoring features are increasingly becoming connected to each other, to an outside programmer and even to the Internet. While Internet of Things technology enables health-care professionals to fine tune or modify medical device settings without invasive procedures, this also opens up large attack surfaces and introduces potential security vulnerabilities. Medical device hacks are slowly becoming a reality and it becomes more critical than ever to defend and protect these devices from security attacks. In this paper, we assess the feasibility of using machine learning models to efficiently determine attacks targeted on a medical device. Specifically, we develop feature sets to accurately profile a medical device and observe any deviation from its normal behavior. We test our method using different machine learning algorithms and provide a comparison analysis of the detection results.
Performance Characterization and Schlieren Visualization of Flame Acceleration in Valveless Pulsed Detonation Combustors (2007)

Turbulent flame acceleration processes have been studied in a quasi-two-dimensional pulsed detonation combustor (PDC) using schlieren flow visualization, ionization probes, and companion high frequency pressure instrumentation. Experiments were conducted using near stoichiometric propane-air mixtures in a 76.2 mm × 76.2 mm, 1.68 m long modular detonation tube with the windowed combustor under multicyclic conditions within the PDC operating in a valveless mode. The effect of the presence of the flame accelerator was investigated at various stages of the flame acceleration process. Amplification of the leading shock waves through the interaction of the flame accelerator enhances the flame acceleration process owing to the reduction of post-shock induction time and the hydrodynamic instabilities at the baroclinic interface. The internal configuration of the combustor including the flame accelerator plays a major role of the flame acceleration due to this shock amplification pattern. Sequences of schlieren images also show the flow drifting process and the blowdown process confirm that the gasdynamic valves function in the valveless PDC. Performance characterization of valveless pulsed detonation devices is also provided and compared to ramjet devices.
One‐step generation of triple knockout CHO cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 and fluorescent enrichment (2015)

The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology has previously been shown to be a highly efficient tool for generating gene disruptions in CHO cells. In this study we further demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing by disrupting FUT8, BAK and BAX simultaneously in a multiplexing setup in CHO cells. To isolate Cas9-expressing cells from transfected cell pools, GFP was linked to the Cas9 nuclease via a 2A peptide. With this method, the average indel frequencies generated at the three genomic loci were increased from 11% before enrichment to 68% after enrichment. Despite the high number of genome editing events in the enriched cell pools, no significant off-target effects were observed from off-target prediction followed by deep sequencing. Single cell sorting of enriched multiplexed cells and deep sequencing of 97 clones revealed the presence of four single, 23 double and 34 triple gene-disrupted cell lines. Further characterization of selected potential triple knockout clones confirmed the removal of Bak and Bax protein and disrupted fucosylation activity as expected. The knockout cell lines showed improved resistance to apoptosis compared to wild-type CHO-S cells. Taken together, multiplexing with CRISPR/Cas9 can accelerate genome engineering efforts in CHO cells even further.
A single-pole double-throw (SPDT) circuit using deep etching lateral metal-contact switches (2004)

In this paper, a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switching circuit that employs lateral metal-contact micromachined switches fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer is demonstrated to operate from DC to 6 GHz. The size of the fabricated SPDT switch is about 1.2 mm/spl times/1.5 mm. The lateral metal-contact micromachined switches are farmed on the quasi-finite ground coplanar waveguide (FGCPW) transmission lines and actuated by electrostatic force. The fabricated single-pole single-throw (SPST) lateral micromachined switch has an insertion loss of 0.2 dB and a return loss of 24 dB at 15 GHz. The isolation is 23 dB at 15 GHz. As for the fabricated SPDT switch, the measured insertion loss is below 0.75 dB and the return loss is higher than 19 dB at 5 GHz. The isolation at 5 GHz is above 33 dB. The threshold voltage of these switches is 22.5 volts, and these SOI switches are fabricated using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and shadow mask technology.
High-density marker analysis of 11p15.5 in non-small cell lung carcinomas reveals allelic deletion of one shared and one distinct region when compared to breast carcinomas. (1996)

The presence of a non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)-related gene or genes on chromosome band 11p15.5 is of particular interest, given the specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH) measured in this region for lung as well as many other pediatric and adult neoplasms. We have undertaken high-density polymorphic marker analysis in 30 matched normal and NSCLC tumor samples using 11 PCR-based polymorphic markers positioned approximately every 2-3 cM throughout 11p15.5. These studies have confirmed the presence of two distinct regions of LOH for NSCLC in 11p15.5. In 9 of 13 (69%) tumors with measurable LOH, allelic deletion was restricted to 11p15.5, indicating that whole chromosome 11 loss is not a common event in NSCLC. Furthermore, one-half of these tumors showed independent deletion events for each LOH region, while the remaining tumor regions of LOH extended to include all four markers in between. Only two tumors showed LOH for the more telomeric region alone. Furthermore, the location of these two potentially distinct tumor suppressor genes has been significantly refined to a 3-cM area in the telomeric region between D11S1363 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and a 10-cM area in the more proximal part of 11p15.5 between D11S988 and D11S926. Interestingly, the telomeric region of LOH in NSCLC overlaps with the reported location of one of two breast carcinoma-related tumor suppressor genes, but the proximal allelic deletion area for these two tumor types are clearly distinct. Our studies suggest that chromosome band 11p15.5 harbors a minimum of three separate loci, the loss of which is implicated in these two common adult neoplasms.
Antibody-Linked Cytotoxic Agents in the Treatment of Cancer: Current Status and Future Prospects<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1978)

Antibodies against tumor cell surface antigens have been used as selective carriers of anticancer drugs, which themselves lack selectivity. Although such antibodies have been demonstrated in tumor hosts, xenogeneic antitumor sera should provide larger yields of better-defined antitumor antibodies for therapeutic purposes. This review examined factors that influence the immune response to tumor-associated transplantation antigens (TATA) and the methods for rendering tumor cells more immunogenic. Consideration was also given to techniques for elimination of irrelevant immunoglobulin molecules. These could involve purification of both antitumor sera and TATA fractions for immunization, as well as tailoring of the immunization protocol. Various toxic agents that have been linked to antitumor globulins with retention of agent and antibody activity were tabulated: alkylating drugs, antibiotics, antimetabolites, cell surface agents, protein synthesis inhibitors, and unconventional anticancer agents that selectively convert nontoxic arsenicals or halides into cytocidal derivatives. The methods by which effective conjugates can be produced and their possible mode of action were described for the different types of agents. Several problems inherent in this modality of tumor therapy include: 1) the necessity of binding therapeutically effective amounts of antitumor agent, 2) ensuring of delivery of drug in active form to target sites, 3) avoidance of host reactions to foreign proteins, and 4) possible emergence of resistant tumor cell populations. Antibody-linked cytotoxic agents may find their greatest use in the eradication of small numbers of circulating tumor cells and micrometastases remaining after removal of primary tumors.
Electrophysiological Mechanisms and Determinants of Vagal Maneuvers for Termination of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (1998)

Both the vagal response and conduction properties of the reentrant circuit determine the tachycardia termination by vagal maneuvers. Improved understanding of the interaction of autonomic and electrophysiological mechanisms in maintaining or terminating PSVT may provide important insight into the pathophysiology of these two tachycardias.
Polymer devolatilization: Theory of equipment (1980)

Abstract The role of surface renewal and feedback phenomena in devolatilization equipment is clearly illustrated via staged models. A continuous model for the vented, single‐screw devolatilizer is developed, including barrel evaporation and bulk surface renewal as well as backmixing, which represents de‐volatilization data more accurately than previous models. Numerous sample computations are included. The models are used to demonstrate the sensitivity of devolatilization equipment to certain design parameters.
Positron emission tomography (PET) for evaluating chest masses (1994)

Assessment of lung masses by CT is sensitive but non-specific for detecting malignancy. High resolution PET offers the unique opportunity to distinguish benign from malignant processes. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the accuracy of PET in (1) patients with undetermined lung masses (N=29),(2) patients with suspected pulmonary metastases from non-lung tumors (N=25). Minimum acceptable lesion size for this study was 1 cm by CT. PET F-18-FDG (5-10 mCi) data were acquired in dynamic scanning mode to facilitate time-activity-curve and graphical (Patlak) analysis. Standardized uptake values (SUV`s) were calculated for tumor and non-neoplastic tissue. Results were compared to histological findings and/or clinical outcome. Results of visual and SUV analysis, not including data from patients with breast cancer.
Is Homework in German Necessary for Beginners? (1952)

A year ago, the American University set up a simple device for learning languages in the schoolroom. For German, as well as for the various other tongues, tape recorders, Brush Sound Mirrors, were installed. These highly sensitive instruments are connected, by the speaking outlet, with earphones. The phones are in rows of semi-private booths where the students listen. What is most important, they repeat the words and lessons that are audible over the earphones in a half-loud voice. The students can use, therefore, the optimum desideratum in language learning: the aural-oral, and if books are used, also the optic organs. The hearing and speaking organs are exercised with this arrangement, while with home study the ear and mouth are often neglected. The students have, of course, their three classes a week. In preparation for them they take five hours of laboratory a week where they learn by mechanical means.
Importance of Time Spent Standing for Those at Risk of Diabetic Foot Ulceration (2010)

The large portion of DPN patients' time spent standing with the feet loaded requires further consideration when treating and preventing foot ulcers.
Organische Fluoreszenzreagentien für die Untersuchung von Enzymen und Proteinen (1977)

Abstract Bei Untersuchungen, die zum Verständnis von Lebensvorgängen führen sollen, müssen mehrere naturwissenschaftliche Disziplinen zusammenwirken. Die Anwendung der Fluoreszenzspektroskopie zur Lösung biologischer Probleme bietet ein Beispiel: biologische, physikalisch‐chemische und organisch‐chemische Methoden sowie neue technische Verfahren ergänzen einander. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Fluoreszenzsonden, die kovalent an spezifische Positionen von Proteinen gebunden werden. Die wichtigsten Verbindungen für die Fluoreszenzmarkierung sind in einer Tabelle zusammengestellt.
The miRNA Pull Out Assay as a Method to Validate the miR-28-5p Targets Identified in Other Tumor Contexts in Prostate Cancer (2017)

miR-28-5p is an intragenic miRNA which is underexpressed in several tumor types showing a tumor suppressor (TS) activity. Routinely, the known miR-28-5p targets are validated in specific tumor contexts but it is unclear whether these targets are also being regulated in other tumor types. To this end, we adopted the miRNA pull out assay to capture the miR-28-5p targets in DU-145 prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Firstly, we demonstrated that miR-28-5p acts as a TS-miRNA in PCa, affecting cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Secondly, we evaluated the enrichment of the 10 validated miR-28-5p targets in the pull out sample. We showed that E2F6, TEX-261, MAPK1, MPL, N4BP1, and RAP1B but not BAG1, OTUB1, MAD2L1, and p21 were significantly enriched, suggesting that not all the miR-28-5p targets are regulated by this miRNA in PCa. We then verified whether the miR-28-5p-interacting targets were regulated by this miRNA. We selected E2F6, the most enriched target in the pull out sample, and demonstrated that miR-28-5p downregulated E2F6 at the protein level suggesting that our approach was effective. In general terms, these findings support the miRNA pull out assay as a useful method to identify context-specific miRNA targets.
Selective Background Suppression in MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (1994)

Rapid bipolar pulsing of an electrostatic particle guide (EPG) provides a method of both ion deflection and enhanced ion transmission for TOF mass spectrometry. This mode of operation effectively eliminates the intense low-mass component of the spectrum which normally saturates microchannel plate (MCP) detectors, while at the same time transporting the higher mass component with high efficiency. The ability to selectively reduce the effects of unwanted background peaks is achieved using a tailored pulse sequence for specific elimination of ions of a given m/z ratio. The mass selectivity of this technique and improvements in signal-to-noise ratio are examined. © 1994, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Competence of Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes and mutants for Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated gene transfer: role of phytohormones (2000)

Many plant species and/or genotypes are highly recalcitrant to Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation, and yet little is known about this phenomenon. Using several Arabidopsis genotypes/ecotypes, the results of this study indicated that phytohormone pretreatment could overcome this recalcitrance by increasing the transformation rate in the known recalcitrant genotypes. Transient expression of a T-DNA encoded ss-glucuronidase (GUS) gene and stable kanamycin resistance were obtained for the ten Arabidopsis genotypes tested as well as for the mutant uvh1 (up to 69% of petioles with blue spots and up to 42% resistant calli). Cultivation of Arabidopsis tissues on phytohormones for 2-8 d before co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens significantly increased transient GUS gene expression by 2-11-fold and stable T-DNA integration with petiole explants. Different Arabidopsis ecotypes revealed differences in their susceptibility to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and in their type of reaction to pre-cultivation (three types of reactions were defined by gathering ecotypes into three groups). The Arabidopsis uvh1 mutant described as defective in a DNA repair system showed slightly lower competence to transformation than did its progenitor Colombia. This reduced transformation competence, however, could be overcome by 4-d pre-culture with phytohormones. The importance of pre-cultivation with phytohormones for genetic transformation is discussed.
Generation of HLA-DP transgenic pigs for the study of xenotransplantation. (1999)

The shortage of human organs has prompted scientists to seek xenogeneic sources of donors. To date, DAF, MCP, and CD59 transgenic pigs have been generated to inhibit hyperacute rejection. However, besides hyperacute rejection, acute and chronic rejection must also be considered in the use of porcine organs for xenotransplantation. The role of HLA-II in transgenic xeno-organ transplantation remains to be elucidated. By microinjecting 1655 embryos, we have generated one stillborn HLA-DR and two live HLA-DP transgenic pigs: P113-7 (male, carrying one copy of exogene) and P113-8 (female, carrying 2-3 copies of exogenes). The gene status of the live transgenic pigs was confirmed by PCR, Southern blot, and PCR product sequencing analysis. The expression of transgenes in these transgenic pigs were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemical staining of frozen sections of ear tissue.