gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Gaussian Process for Crop Yield Prediction Based on Remote Sensing Data (2017)

Agricultural monitoring, especially in developing countries, can help prevent famine and support humanitarian efforts. A central challenge is yield estimation, i.e., predicting crop yields before harvest. We introduce a scalable, accurate, and inexpensive method to predict crop yields using publicly available remote sensing data. Our approach improves existing techniques in three ways. First, we forego hand-crafted features traditionally used in the remote sensing community and propose an approach based on modern representation learning ideas. We also introduce a novel dimensionality reduction technique that allows us to train a Convolutional Neural Network or Long-short Term Memory network and automatically learn useful features even when labeled training data are scarce. Finally, we incorporate a Gaussian Process component to explicitly model the spatio-temporal structure of the data and further improve accuracy. We evaluate our approach on county-level soybean yield prediction in the U.S. and show that it outperforms competing techniques.
Iterative Phase Noise Mitigation in MIMO-OFDM Systems with Pilot Aided Channel Estimation (2007)

The use of multiple transmit and receive antennas in combination with multicarrier modulation, e.g. MIMO-OFDM, is a very promising technique for future wireless communication systems. In this work we investigate preamble based channel estimation under the presence of phase noise. Neglecting the influence of phase noise in the design of the preamble will lead to a significant loss in accuracy of the channel estimation. The solution involves an analysis of the mean square error approximation of the channel estimation and incorporating the result in the phase noise mitigation and data detection step.
A physical map of the genome of Ureapiasma urtalyticum 960<sup>T</sup>with ribosomal RNA loci (1989)

A physical map is presented for the 900 kilobase pair genome of Ureaplasma urealyticum 960T, locating 29 sites for 6 restriction endonucleases. The large restriction fragments were separated and sized by pulsed-field agarose gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Their locations on the map were determined by probing Southern blots of digests with individual fragments isolated from other digests and by correlating the products of double digestions and partial digestions. An end-labelling technique was used to detect small fragments not readily observed by PFGE. Two loci for rRNA genes have been determined by probing with cloned DNA.
Företagsnedläggningar : Olika perspektiv och forskningsmetoder (2018)

Uppsatsen redogor for forklaringar till foretagsdodlighet i saval offentliga utredningar som inom ekonomisk och sociologisk forskning och teoribildning. Tva fundamentalt olika forestallningar om hur och varfor foretag beter sig pa ett visst satt har dominerat de flesta studier. Ett perspektiv forutsatter en central roll for foretagsledningens beslutsfattande och kompetens. Ett andra och motsatt perspektiv ser foretags beteenden bestamda av externa krafter over vilka foretagsledningen saknar kontroll. De olika forestallningarna paverkar resultat och slutsatser inom forskningen och har ocksa betydelse for utformningen av den ekonomiska politiken.
Glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (2000)

In order to help educate clinicians and other health care providers on the effects of glucocorticoids on bone and to provide appropriate treatment options for this condition using published data, this review will briefly explore bone loss associated with glucocorticoids, explain differences in drug efficacy between the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and examine the results of clinical drug trials. Based on current data, bisphosphonates appear to be the most effective therapy in both the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. If bisphosphonate therapy is contraindicated, calcitonin may be an effective alternative. For patients who have been treated but continue to lose bone, anabolic therapy, fluoride, or vitamin D analogs may be considered. While hormone replacement therapy has been widely evaluated in the prevention and treatment of primary osteoporosis, no efficacy data exists as far as prevention and limited information is available in the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates have shown significant treatment benefit. They increase bone mineral density and reduce the incidence of vertebral fractures. Bisphosphonates should be considered first line therapy for both the prevention and treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Drug Dev. Res. 49:120–134, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synthetic aperture sequential beamformation applied to medical imaging (2012)

Synthetic Aperture Sequential Beamforming (SASB) is applied to medical ultrasound imaging using a multi element convex array transducer.The main motivation for SASB is to apply synthetic aperture techniques without the need for storing RF-data for a number of elements and hereby devise a system with a reduced system complexity.Using a 192 element, 3.5 MHz, -pitch transducer, it is demonstrated using tissue-phantom and wire-phantom measurements, how the speckle size and the detail resolution is improved compared to conventional imaging.
<title>Dynamic key-frame extraction for video summarization</title> (2005)

We propose an innovative approach to the selection of representative frames of a video shot for video summarization. By analyzing the differences between two consecutive frames of a video sequence, the algorithm determines the complexity of the sequence in terms of visual content changes. Three descriptors are used to express the frame’s visual content: a color histogram, wavelet statistics and an edge direction histogram. Similarity measures are computed for each descriptor and combined to form a frame difference measure. The use of multiple descriptors provides a more precise representation, capturing even small variations in the frame sequence. This method can dynamically, and rapidly select a variable number of key frame within each shot, and does not exhibit the complexity of existing methods based on clustering algorithm strategies. The method has been tested on various video segments of different genres (trailers, news, animation, etc.) and preliminary results shows that the algorithm is able to effectively summarize the shots capturing the most salient events in the sequences.
Applying new optimization algorithms to more predictive control (1996)

The connections between optimization and control theory have been explored by many researchers and optimization algorithms have been applied with success to optimal control. The rapid pace of developments in model predictive control has given rise to a host of new problems to which optimization has yet to be applied. Concurrently, developments in optimization, and especially in interior-point methods, have produced a new set of algorithms that may be especially helpful in this context. In this paper, we reexamine the relatively simple problem of control of linear processes subject to quadratic objectives and general linear constraints. We show how new algorithms for quadratic programming can be applied efficiently to this problem. The approach extends to several more general problems in straightforward ways.
Glycosylation and structure of the yeast MF alpha 1 alpha-factor precursor is important for efficient transport through the secretory pathway (1991)

The MF alpha 1 gene encodes a precursor, prepro-alpha-factor, that undergoes several proteolytic processing steps within the classical secretory pathway to produce the mature peptide pheromone, alpha-factor. To investigate the role of structural features of the MF alpha 1 precursor in alpha-factor production, we analyzed the effect of mf alpha 1 mutations that alter precursor structure in a number of ways. These mutations resulted in decreased alpha-factor secretion and intracellular accumulation of pro-alpha-factor. With the exception of the mutant lacking all three N glycosylation sites, the pro-alpha-factor forms that accumulated were core glycosylated but had not yet undergone the addition of outer chain carbohydrate. The delay, therefore, occurred at a step prior to the first proteolytic processing step involved in maturation of the precursor and was probably due to inefficient endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport. Elimination of all three N-glycosylation sites caused a delay in disappearance of intracellular precursor, and alpha-factor secretion was also slowed. These data indicate that N glycosylation is important but not essential for transport of the precursor through the secretory pathway. The decreased alpha-factor secretion and increased precursor accumulation seen with many different structural changes of pro-alpha-factor indicate that the secretory pathway is extremely sensitive to changes in precursor structure. This sensitivity could cause inefficient secretion of heterologous proteins and hybrids between MF alpha 1 and heterologous proteins in yeast cells.
BPXC's operation in Casanare, Colombia : factoring social concerns into development decisionmaking (1999)

In 1987 British Petroleum Exploration Colombia (BPXC) began exploring for oil in a remote part of Colombia which only recently was designated the Department of Casanare, in 1991. This evaluation of BPXC's operation aims to answer the following questions: a) What were the prevailing corporate objectives with respect to the social aspects of BPXC's operations throughout the past decade? b) What were the motivations behind corporate commitments to addressing social concerns? c) What were the approaches to addressing social concerns? d) How were obstacles to socially responsible behavior overcome, and what was the nature of these obstacles? e) What level of efforts was involved in managing social concerns, and what were the costs? f) How did stakeholders measure the results achieved against the objectives? g) How did the various stakeholders view the outcomes of the corporation's social interaction and initiatives? The evaluation focused on the project stakeholders, the interplay among them, the chronology of corporate decisionmaking, the extent of stakeholder involvement, and the social political, and corporate cultural context throughout project development. One overall conclusion the evaluation clearly points out is that if the goal is to sustain the benefits from BPXC's social investments and to promote better stewardship of the substantial incomes generated by royalties, effective partnerships need to be developed between government, BPXC, and civil society.
Areas of Application for 3D and 4D Models on Construction Projects (2008)

In recent years more and more construction projects used three-dimensional/four-dimensional (3D/4D) models to support management tasks. However, project managers still struggle with evaluating how the 3D/4D model technology can be most efficiently applied on their specific project. One main reason for this struggle is that an account about how 3D/4D models have been used in the past is missing. This paper offers practitioners and researchers such an account of the application areas of 3D/4D model technologies including the purposes for which these technologies have been applied. The paper qualitatively aggregates the results of 26 case studies of 3D/4D model applications on construction projects to show researchers and practitioners how 3D/4D models have been applied to address project challenges. Using a “project challenge—3D/4D model application” matrix the paper explains each application area and describes why the application has been beneficial to the case study projects. The paper then analyzes the challenges that practitioners have faced with 3D/4D models on the test case projects. The main findings of this analysis are that practitioners on most of the test case projects have used the models for only one application area. The paper suggests that further research on the integration of 3D/4D model technologies into work and business processes of project teams is needed to address this opportunity for a more widespread use of 3D/4D models throughout the lifecycle of a project.
<title>Home media server content management</title> (2001)

With the advent of set-top boxes, the convergence of TV (broadcasting) and PC (Internet) is set to enter the home environment. Currently, a great deal of activity is occurring in developing standards (TV-Anytime Forum) and devices (TiVo) for local storage on Home Media Servers (HMS). These devices lie at the heart of convergence of the triad: communications/networks - content/media - computing/software. Besides massive storage capacity and being a communications 'gateway', the home media server is characterised by the ability to handle metadata and software that provides an easy to use on-screen interface and intelligent search/content handling facilities. In this paper, we describe a research prototype HMS that is being developed within the GigaCE project at the Telematica Instituut . Our prototype demonstrates advanced search and retrieval (video browsing), adaptive user profiling and an innovative 3D component of the Electronic Program Guide (EPG) which represents online presence. We discuss the use of MPEG-7 for representing metadata, the use of MPEG-21 working draft standards for content identification, description and rights expression, and the use of HMS peer-to-peer content distribution approaches. Finally, we outline explorative user behaviour experiments that aim to investigate the effectiveness of the prototype HMS during development.
Hepatocyte apoptosis and hepatic expression of transforming growth factor‐β<sub>1</sub> mRNA during involution of hyperplastic rat liver induced by hepatocyte growth factor (1998)

Hepatocyte apoptosis occurs during involution of hyperplastic liver induced by administration of xenobiotic compounds in rats. With this hyperplasia and involution, hepatic transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 is reported to be expressed to stimulate hepatocyte apoptosis. In regenerating liver after partial resection showing no hyperplasia, such expression of TGF-beta1 is also seen. However, no hepatocyte apoptosis develops despite the high levels of TGF-beta1. When rats received an intravenous injection of human hepatocyte growth factor at 12 h intervals for 14 days, the hepatic DNA content was increased 12 h after the last injection to 140% of control. This DNA content was significantly decreased at 108 and 180 h after discontinuation of treatment. At 60 h after the last injection, the number of apoptotic bodies positive for nick end-labelling of DNA in hepatocytes was significantly greater in treated rats than in control rats. Hepatocyte apoptosis was also identified electron micrographically. Hepatic TGF-beta1 mRNA levels in treated rats were significantly lower than in control rats at 12 h and then gradually increased towards control levels. We conclude that hyperplastic liver induced in normal rats by hepatocyte growth factor regresses with hepatocyte apoptosis and suppressed hepatic TGF-beta1 mRNA levels.
Gas hydrate—a source of shallow water flow? (2006)

Shallow water flow is a serious drilling hazard encountered across several areas of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Numerous incidents have occurred in which intense shallow water flows have disrupted drilling, added millions of dollars to the cost of a well, or caused a well to be abandoned. In one survey of 74 offshore wells, Alberty and colleagues found only 34% of the wells did not encounter problems related to shallow water flow. In separate writings, Holm and Alberty stated that steps taken to prevent or remediate shallow water flow add at least $2 million to the cost of a well.
Estimating the direct-to-reverberant energy ratio from the coherence between coincident pressure and particle velocity (2011)

An analytical expression for the relationship between the direct-to-reverberant energy ratio (DRR) and the coherence estimation function between coincident pressure and particle velocity component is derived. The analytical solution is first validated with simulated room impulse responses and then used to estimate the DRR in five octave bands for several receiver positions measured in a total of 11 rooms of vastly different sizes and acoustic characteristics. The accuracy is evaluated by comparison with the DRR estimated directly from the room impulse response. The difference is typically 5 dB. For two rooms, the variation of the DRR estimate with source-to-receiver position is also shown. The method is blind in the sense that it is virtually independent of the signal generated by a single sound source.
A Study of Language Development in a Sample of 3 year old Children (1974)

A small study was set up to investigate the prevalence of delayed language development in an urban sample of 3 year old children. Verbal comprehension, expressive language, articulation and intelligibility were assessed. Children from immigrant families performed particularly poorly on the assessment scales, and were not included in the subsequent analysis. In the remaining sample of 160 children, no child was found to have a severe developmental language disorder, and only one with a significant specific language delay which was still present at the age of 4 years. The sample was too small for a study of the prevalence of severe developmental language disorder, but some interesting suggestions emerged in relation to the effects of social grade, size of family and attendance at nursery school. Good language performance seemed to be related to a complex of high social grade, small family, and attendance at nursery school.
Reaction Model for Iron Dissolution Studied by Electrode Impedance: I . Experimental Results and Reaction Model (1981)

Steady‐state polarization curves and electrode impedances were measured during the dissolution of iron in solution acidified by the addition of . These experiments were performed within very widepH (0–5), current density (up to 0.1 A · cm−2), and frequency (10−3–105 Hz) ranges. Three time constants, in addition to the high‐frequency capacitive loop attributed to the double layer capacity and the charge transfer resistance, were observed before the onset of the passivation process. The experimental results were quantitatively interpreted by computer simulation on the basis of a reaction model including three dissolution paths. At low current densities, the dissolution path, which can be related to the consecutive mechanism, controls the overall rate. At higher current densities, a self‐catalytic path, implying a ferrous intermediate, determines the overall current. Another self‐catalytic path, with monovalent iron, plays an important role in the electrode impedance and the prepassivation process although its contribution to the current is not prevalent at any pH.
Corneal Topography Reconstruction Algorithm that Avoids the Skew Ray Ambiguity and the Skew Ray Error (1997)

The concrete reconstruction algorithm demonstrates that one can recover the correct corneal shape just from the reflection of the Placido rings. A dart board pattern is not necessary for removing the skew ray ambiguity, as long as the cornea has sufficient smoothness in the radial direction, an assumption common to all reconstruction algorithms.
Initial oxidation of CuInSe2 (1981)

The oxidation of p-type single-crystal and thin-film polycrystalline CuInSe2 is investigated using complementary Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The compositions of the thermally-grown oxides over the 150 °–300 °C temperature range are found to be primarily In2O3, with some SeO2, estimated to be less than 10% by quantitative AES and XPS. The interface between the oxide and CuInSe2 is examined using AES and SIMS depth-compositional profiling in conjunction with XPS. CuxSe is found to form at the interface. Angular-resolved XPS with an in situ oxidation process is utilized to evaluate the initial oxidation of this Cu-ternary semiconductor. These studies confirm that CuxSe forms during oxide growth.
Direct measurement of CAT activity by incubation of CAT-expressing cells in medium containing chloramphenicol. (1988)

We describe a simple, flexible, rapid, sensitive and accurate in vivo assay of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) enzyme expressed in mammalian cells. The assay is based on the ability of the substrate and products of this enzyme reaction (viz. chloramphenicol and its acetylated derivatives) to equilibrate rapidly between the cells and the surrounding tissue culture medium. We find that chloramphenicol added to the culture medium readily enters the cells and becomes acetylated by the intracellular CAT enzyme. The acetyl derivatives leave the cell and appear rapidly in the culture medium. Due to the large excess of the extracellular compared to the intracellular fluid and due to rapid equilibration of chloramphenicol and its derivatives between them, we find that the bulk of the chloramphenicol and its acetyl derivatives are present in the culture medium at any given time point. Chloramphenicol and its acetylated products are extracted from the medium with ethyl acetate and resolved by thin layer chromatography giving an accurate measurement of the intracellular CAT activity. Sensitive and accurate quantitation of CAT activity in this assay is made possible by the addition of trace amounts of 14C-labeled chloramphenicol to the medium.
Plasma driven superpermeation of hydrogen through group Va metals (1998)

A barrier for the absorption of hydrogen molecules generated by a nonmetallic film on a metal surface may result in superpermeation of suprathermal hydrogen particles. Virtually all the sticking or implanted particles may permeate through the metallic membrane, with a permeation flux depending neither on the metal temperature nor on its thickness. Niobium and vanadium membranes with oxicarbide monolayer films were immersed in a hydrogen plasma in order to study their interaction with hydrogen ions in the energy range from a few eV to 250 eV, controlled by changing the membrane bias. A stable superpermeation flux was observed up to ion energies of tens of eV without special efforts to maintain the surface film. We found that the nonmetal monolayer film remains absolutely stable under the sputtering, including chemical sputtering, by hydrogen particles of energy less than ≈50 eV. Thus superpermeability appears to be an intrinsic feature of the investigated systems of “nonmetallic film–metal–hydrogen particles of energy lower than 50 eV.”
Effects of DL‐alpha‐tocopheryl succinate in combination with sodium butyrate and camp stimulating agent on neuroblastoma cells in culture (1984)

The effect of dl-alpha-tocopheryl (vitamin E) succinate in combination with Prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) and sodium butyrate on mouse neuroblastoma cells (NBP2) in culture, according to the criteria of growth inhibition and morphological differentiation (neurite formation), was studied. Results showed that PGA2 and sodium butyrate inhibited the growth of NB cells in a dose-dependent manner. The combined effects of vitamin E succinate with PGA2 or sodium butyrate, according to the criterion of growth inhibition, were additive. Vitamin E succinate by itself did not induce morphological differentiation, but it enhanced PGA2-induced morphological differentiation. Sodium butyrate alone or in combination with vitamin E succinate did not significantly increase the level of morphological differentiation. Sodium succinate and an equal amount of solvent (ethanol) failed to modify the effect of PGA2 or sodium butyrate. This suggests that the effect of vitamin E succinate in modifying the response of PGA2 and sodium butyrate on NB cells is due to the effect of vitamin E rather than to that of succinate.