gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel resonator for simultaneous Wireless Power Tranfer and Near Field Magnetic Communications (2012)

On one hand resonant Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) can be realized by using resonant coils coupled via their magnetic fields; on the other hand Near-Field Magnetic Communications (NFMC) are currently receiving considerable attention for several possible applications. We present a novel structure that can be used for both WPT and NFMC; this structure shows a dual band transmission channel allowing a frequency separation of the power channel and of the data channel, thus enabling simultaneous transmission of power and data. A test system is designed, simulated and measured to show the effectiveness of the proposed structure.
A novel trellis-based searching scheme for EEAS-based CORDIC algorithm (2002)

The CORDIC algorithm is a well-known iterative method for the computation of vector rotation. For applications that require forward rotation (or vector rotation) only, the extended elementary angle set (EEAS) Scheme provides a relaxed approach to speed up the operation of the CORDIC algorithm. When determining the parameters of EEAS-based CORDIC algorithm, two optimization problems are encountered. In the previous work, the greedy algorithm is suggested to solve these optimization problems. However, for an application that requires high-precision rotation operation, the results generated by the greedy algorithm may not be applicable. We propose a novel searching algorithm to overcome the aforementioned problem, called the trellis-based searching (TBS) algorithm. Compared with the greedy algorithm used in the conventional EEAS-based CORDIC algorithm, the proposed TBS algorithm yields apparent performance improvement. Moreover, the derivation of the error boundary as well as computer simulations are provided to support our arguments.
Formation of carbon nanotubes and their filling with metallic fibers on ion-emitting field anodes (1998)

Detailed descriptions are given of the formation of carbon nanotubes and their filling with metallic fibers developing on field anodes in the so-called “anode activation” process. Unlike the multishell carbon nanotubes produced in arc plasmas, these carbon nanotubes are not perfectly graphitized. The metallic fibers grown inside the nanotubes contain chromium as their major component, but their structure does not conform to any of the known compounds of Cr nor to elemental Cr. The growth morphology and lateral dimension of metallic fibers are governed by those of their host nanotubes, thus falling into the category of “template-mediated” crystal growth. Evidence is also presented that the metallic fibers epitaxially promote the graphitization of the carbon nanotubes.
Development of an integrated electrical swashplateless primary and individual blade control system (2006)

It has been shown that a helicopter rotor in forward flight can greatly benefit from more complex pitch control schemes than used today. Thus, control system add-ons have been realized which provide those missing degrees of freedom, usually referred to as Individual Blade Control (IBC). If such systems are added to a conventional control system, however, additional means of actuation have to be placed in the rotating frame, which require their own power and signal transfer links. Instead of implementing such additional separate hardware it might be worthwhile to consider an integrated actuation system designed to fulfill both the primary control as well as the IBC requirements. This paper discusses the following three aspects: (a) what are the performance requirements of such an integrated control system which is able to fulfill both functions, (b) what actuation technology is best suited for this application and (c) how can the reliability required for a primary flight control system be realized with a minimum degree of redundancy and thus at an acceptable system weight It will be shown that by using modern customized electro-mechanic actuators and by choosing an appropriate system architecture this type of integrated control system becomes feasible at a very competitive system weight. This paper presents the basic principles, discusses the multi-disciplinary investigations carried out, and describes the approach to demonstrate its feasibility through dedicated bench tests.
The artificial lung (2003)

Over the last 50 years, we have seen remarkable progress in the area of cardiac support as it pertains to artificial organs. Artificial hearts and ventricular assist devices have changed the way we think about end-stage chronic heart failure. Yet the area of the artificial lung has lingered behind many of these accomplishments, not because the need was not recognized but because a full understanding of the engineering problems and the unique material requirements had not reached a level of development to be fully evident. This has changed, and at the centre of this progress has been a close collaboration between the clinician-scientist and the engineer. Here, the underlying concepts that are fundamental to gas exchange in blood have been instrumental in guiding research and in defining the haemodynamic impact on the host as it pertains to both extra- and intracorporeal artificial lung devices [1]. An overview of how this change has occurred and where it appears to be leading us is the subject of this chapter.
Spectropolarimetry of broad h_alpha lines and geometry of the blr (2001)

In a small fraction of Broad Line Radio Galaxies (BLRG) and Seyfert 1 galaxies, the polarization position angle rotates across the broad emission lines, especially at H_alpha. An understanding of this behavior can potentially yield important information on the scattering geometry in the nucleus. We show two examples of this phenomenon, 3C 445, a BLRG, and Mrk 231, a Seyfert 1, and present an equatorial scattering model that explains some of its features in a straightforward way.
Surface Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Silica Spheres:  Preparation and Characterization (2003)

A new method for the preparation of SiO2/ZnO composite nanoparticles by the simplified controlled double-jet precipitation technique is described. The transmission electron microscopic and scanning electron microscopic images of SiO2/ZnO show that ZnO is coated on the silica (SiO2) surface as a thin layer or single nanoparticle, dependent on the reactant conditions. The powder X-ray diffraction of the initial zinc oxide−silica powder yields diffraction peaks corresponding to ZnO phase. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis shows the presence of Zn, O, and Si elements. Infrared spectroscopy illustrates the structural changes that occurred in the siloxane network and surface silanol groups of SiO2 upon the deposition of ZnO. The photoluminescence spectrum of SiO2/ZnO shows two emission peaks centered around 360 and 400 nm, respectively, which is similar to that of ZnO nanoparticles. We propose that the process takes place via formation of ZnO clusters on the silica surface modified by triethanolamine, followed by collision with other ZnO clusters in the solution, resulting in the precipitation of ZnO on the silica surface.
Delta 1-activated Notch inhibits muscle differentiation without affecting <i>Myf5</i> and <i>Pax3</i> expression in chick limb myogenesis (2000)

The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, Myf5, MyoD, myogenin and MRF4, are unique in their ability to direct a program of specific gene transcription leading to skeletal muscle phenotype. The observation that Myf5 and MyoD can force myogenic conversion in non-muscle cells in vitro does not imply that they are equivalent. In this paper, we show that Myf5 transcripts are detected before those of MyoD during chick limb development. The Myf5 expression domain resembles that of Pax3 and is larger than that of MyoD. Moreover, Myf5 and Pax3 expression is correlated with myoblast proliferation, while MyoD is detected in post-mitotic myoblasts. These data indicate that Myf5 and MyoD are involved in different steps during chick limb bud myogenesis, Myf5 acting upstream of MyoD. The progression of myoblasts through the differentiation steps must be carefully controlled to ensure myogenesis at the right place and time during wing development. Because Notch signalling is known to prevent differentiation in different systems and species, we sought to determine whether these molecules regulate the steps occurring during chick limb myogenesis. Notch1 transcripts are associated with immature myoblasts, while cells expressing the ligands Delta1 and Serrate2 are more advanced in myogenesis. Misexpression of Delta1 using a replication-competent retrovirus activates the Notch pathway. After activation of this pathway, myoblasts still express Myf5 and Pax3 but have downregulated MyoD, resulting in inhibition of terminal muscle differentiation. We conclude that activation of Notch signalling during chick limb myogenesis prevents Myf5-expressing myoblasts from progressing to the MyoD-expressing stage.
Neuron-astrocyte interactions: implications for cellular energetics and antioxidant levels. (2000)

The interaction between astrocytes and neurons is examined from the standpoint of glutamate and glutathione (GSH) metabolism. These examples are outlined to provoke a reformulation of concepts of the inter-dependence between these 2 cell types, not only in terminating excitotoxicity, but also in assuring proper energetics and neuromodulation by astrocytic removal of glutamate via the astrocyte-specific glutamate transporters, GLT1 and GLAST. In addition, the role of astrocytes in the synthesis of neuronal GSH is detailed. The neuron-astrocyte interaction permits widely divergent aspects of brain energetics and modulation, and undoubtedly brain pathology where the functional unit is altered. Testing the developmental effects of compounds on this interaction is warranted and likely to establish the mechanisms by which it is compromised in a variety of disease states.
On enhancing the minimum Hamming distance of polar codes (2016)

Although polar codes can achieve the channel capacity in discrete memoryless channel, the practical performance of such codes, especially for the short ones, is still a subject of much needed improvement. The aim of this paper is to investigate increasing the Hamming distances of polar codes while maintaining their linearity property. We propose two methods; in the first, the code-rate remains unchanged, while in the latter, which produces superior performance, a modest reduction in the code-rate is incurred. It will be shown that both methods produce enhanced performance relative to the conventional polar codes.
A Reproducible Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Approach. Online SERS Measurements in a Segmented Microfluidic System (2007)

The application of a liquid/liquid microsegmented flow for serial high-throughput microanalytical systems shows promising prospects for applications in clinical chemistry, pharmaceutical research, process diagnostics, and analytical chemistry. Microscopy and microspectral analytics offer powerful approaches for the analytical readout of droplet based assays. Within the generated segments, individuality and integrity are retained during the complete diagnostic process making the approach favored for analysis of individual microscaled objects like cells and microorganisms embedded in droplets. Here we report on the online application of surface-enhanced micro-Raman spectroscopy for the detection and quantization of analytes in a liquid/liquid segmented microfluidic system. Data acquisition was performed in microsegments down to a volume of 180 nl. With this approach, we overcome the well-known problem of adhesion of colloid/analyte conjugates to the optical windows of detection cuvettes, which causes the so-called "memory effect". The combination of the segmented microfluidic system with the highly sensitive SERS technique reaches in a reproducible quantification of analytes with the SERS technique.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Stereoconvergent, Intermolecular Enantioselective Hydroamination of Allenes (2012)

Gold and silver: A 1:2 mixture of [{(S)-1}(AuCl)2] and AgBF4 catalyzes the enantioselective hydroamination of chiral, racemic 1,3-disubstituted allenes with N-unsubstituted carbamates to form N-allylic carbamates in good yield, with high regio- and diastereoselectivity, and up to 92 % ee (see scheme, Cbz=benzyloxycarbonyl). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
[Diagnosis effectiveness of albumin in ascitic fluid]. (2004)

Albumin in ascitic fluid has been evaluated as a discriminative diagnosis test, based on an observation and retrospective study, comparing it to that of total ascitis protein and albumin gradient, which are the most clinically used tests nowadays. The study involved a total of 45 patients, predominantly women, averaging 54 years of age, who were diagnosed through laparoscopy in a public hospital. The evaluation included: 19 patients suffering transudate type ascitis (chronic liver disease, n = 18), 23 patients with exudates type ascitis (peritoneal carcinomatosis, n = 12, tuberculous peritonitis, n = 11), and patients with mixedascitis. Sensibility, specificity and predictive values were obtained from the analysis of the tests, and they were represented through the distribution of averages and ROC curves, showing every time that these tests can be used in clinical practice because they have comparable sensibility and specificity values. As a new discriminative test of transudates and exudates the albumin test in ascitis proved to have a sensibility comparable to that of the protein in ascitic fluid but discreetly lower to that of albumin gradient. However, the ascitis albumin showed a better relation between the sensibility and specificity in the area under the ROC curves. Based on this study, the usefulness of the concentration of albumin in ascitic fluid is highlighted as a new test to discriminate exudates from transudates, which has been reported by very few authors in writing. In addition, this study shows that the albumin gradient can also be applied in the discrimination of exudates and transudates with efficacy comparable to its use in the discrimination of ascitis with or without portal hypertension.
Effects of a Lifting Belt on Spine Moments and Muscle Recruitments After Unexpected Sudden Loading (2000)

The conflicting moment and electromyographic results, combined with the influence of load symmetry, preload, and gender make the benefits of the lifting belt difficult to delineate. Although the data support the hypothesis that the belt stiffens the torso's response to sudden loading, the effects are small, and considerable individual differences exist. The findings show that during unexpected sudden loading, a belt may reduce the net external moment loading. At the same time the belt appears to alter the muscle response strategy so that the belt's overall effect on an individual's safety is hard to determine.
A Movie Recommender System Based on Semi-supervised Clustering (2006)

Recommender systems provide a solution to the problem of successful information searching in the reservoirs of the Internet by providing individualized recommendations. Content-based filtering and collaborative filtering are usually applied to predict these recommendations. In this work a clustering approach based on semi-supervised learning is proposed. The method is then used to construct a recommender system for movies that combines contentbased and collaborative information. The proposed system was tested on the MovieLens data set, yielding recommendations of high accuracy.
Three-dimensional hybrid-Trefftz stress elements (2000)

The stress model of the hybrid-Trefftz finite element formulation is applied to the linear elastostatic analysis of solids. The stresses are approximated in the domain of the element and displacements on its boundary. Complete, linearly independent, hierarchical polynomial approximation functions are used in both domain and boundary approximations. The displacement basis is defined independently on each inter-element surface. Continuity at the edges and on the corners of the elements is not enforced a priori. The stress basis is constrained to solve locally the Beltrami governing differential equation. It is derived from the associated Papkovitch–Neuber elastic displacement solution. Generalized variables are used to ensure that the approximations are independent of the geometric description of the elements. The solving system is derived directly from the fundamental relations of elastostatics. The solving system is symmetric, when the same property applies to the local elasticity condition, sparse, described by boundary integral arrays and well suited to p-refinement and parallel processing. The numerical implementation of these equations is discussed and numerical tests are presented to illustrate the performance of the finite element formulation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Centromere detection of human metaphase chromosome images using a candidate based method (2016)

<ns4:p>Accurate detection of the human metaphase chromosome centromere is a critical element of cytogenetic diagnostic techniques, including chromosome enumeration, karyotyping and radiation biodosimetry. Existing centromere detection methods tends to perform poorly in the presence of irregular boundaries, shape variations and premature sister chromatid separation. We present a centromere detection algorithm that uses a novel contour partitioning technique to generate centromere candidates followed by a machine learning approach to select the best candidate that enhances the detection accuracy. The contour partitioning technique evaluates various combinations of salient points along the chromosome boundary using a novel feature set and is able to identify telomere regions as well as detect and correct for sister chromatid separation. This partitioning is used to generate a set of centromere candidates which are then evaluated based on a second set of proposed features. The proposed algorithm outperforms previously published algorithms and is shown to do so with a larger set of chromosome images. A highlight of the proposed algorithm is the ability to rank this set of centromere candidates and create a centromere confidence metric which may be used in post-detection analysis. When tested with a larger metaphase chromosome database consisting of 1400 chromosomes collected from 40 metaphase cell images, the proposed algorithm was able to accurately localize 1220 centromere locations yielding a detection accuracy of 87%.</ns4:p>
Effect of free-carrier absorption on the threshold current density of GaAs∕(Al,Ga)As quantum-cascade lasers (2004)

Ga As ∕ Al 0.33 Ga 0.67 As quantum-cascade lasers with plasmon-assisted waveguides exhibit a decreasing threshold current density jth with increasing wave number ν0 of the laser line, which changes as a function of the injector doping density. We have developed an analytical approach based on the effective dielectric tensor component for the p-polarized light emitted from a quantum-cascade laser, which explains the observed dependence of jth(ν0) in terms of losses due to free-carrier absorption predominantly in the doped waveguides αWG(ν0). A contribution to the losses by free-carrier absorption in the quantum-cascade structure itself and subsequently to jth can be neglected except for very high injector doping densities. The calculated values for αWG(ν0) are in good agreement with the experimental data. Our approach quantitatively predicts the observed decrease of jth from 17to7kAcm−2 with increasing ν0 between 900 and 1100cm−1. In addition to achieving a direct physical insight into the influence of free-carrier absorption on the laser performance, the proposed analytical approach provides a simple tool for the determination of the waveguide losses for any quantum-cascade laser without adopting a numerical solver.
New gene associations in osteoarthritis: what do they provide, and where are we going? (2007)

Due to initial success in confirming several susceptibility genes and the advent of the post-genome sequence era, this area of osteoarthritis study is expanding quickly. To overcome current challenges and to move on to the next stage, however, international collaboration based on a common platform is essential.
A compact railgun accelerator for millimeter-sized dielectric solid armatures (2013)

Millimeter-sized dielectric solid armatures have been accelerated in a compact railgun system. It is shown that application of an external pulsed magnetic field can solve the problem of catastrophic erosion of electrodes at the initial stage and accelerate small armatures up to a velocity of about 6 km/s.
One naive T cell, multiple fates in CD8+ T cell differentiation (2010)

The mechanism by which the immune system produces effector and memory T cells is largely unclear. To allow a large-scale assessment of the development of single naive T cells into different subsets, we have developed a technology that introduces unique genetic tags (barcodes) into naive T cells. By comparing the barcodes present in antigen-specific effector and memory T cell populations in systemic and local infection models, at different anatomical sites, and for TCR-pMHC interactions of different avidities, we demonstrate that under all conditions tested, individual naive T cells yield both effector and memory CD8+ T cell progeny. This indicates that effector and memory fate decisions are not determined by the nature of the priming antigen-presenting cell or the time of T cell priming. Instead, for both low and high avidity T cells, individual naive T cells have multiple fates and can differentiate into effector and memory T cell subsets.
Overview of cytokines and nitric oxide involvement in immuno-pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (2016)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are complex disorders with undetermined etiology. Several hypotheses suggest that IBDs result from an abnormal immune response against endogenous flora and luminal antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. The dysfunction of the mucosal immune response is implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. The balance between pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and IL-17A], anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13), and immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-10 and transforming growth factors β) is disturbed. Moreover, evidence from animal and clinical studies demonstrate a positive correlation between an increased concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and the severity of the disease. Interestingly, proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the up-regulation of inducible oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in IBD. However, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines are responsible for the negative regulation of iNOS. A positive correlation between NO production and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-12, and interferon-γ) were reported in patients with IBD. This review focuses on the role of cytokines in intestinal inflammation and their relationship with NO in IBD.