gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved fluorometry in end-point and real-time PCR quantification of nucleic acids (2000)

Two time-resolved fluorescence-based methods for nucleic acid quantification are described and their results are compared. Both methods use an exogenous internal standard to eliminate errors arising from different steps of the assay. The first method is a competitive end-point assay, where the standard competes for the same primers with the actual target sequence, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) cDNA. The standard and target are quantified in a dual-label plate hybridization with lanthanide-labelled probes after a fixed number of PCR cycles. The second method is based on real-time monitoring of PCR and on the use of a novel homogeneous signal generation principle that relies on the use of a 5'-->3' exonucleolytic DNA polymerase and a probe labelled with an environment sensitive, stable and fluorescent lanthanide chelate. In this assay, a non-competitive, exogenous internal standard is used. Both assays have a wide linear range (50-5 x 10(6) and 10-5 x 10(7) input PSA cDNA molecules for the end-point and real-time assays, respectively) and there is a strong correlation between the results obtained with the two assays (r = 1.0). Being somewhat faster to perform, the real-time format is better suited for assays that require high throughput.
Verfahren der Fallkontrastierung I: Qualitatives Sampling (1999)

Fragen der Stichprobenziehung werden in der qualitativen Sozialforschung oftmals salopp beiseite geschoben (Fleck 1992, S. 758). In manchem qualitativen Forschungsprojekt herrscht gar die Auffassung vor, daß Probleme des Sampling nur in der quantitativen Sozialforschung von Belang seien, wo es darum gehe, „repräsentative“ Stichproben zu ziehen, ein Ziel, das für qualitative Studien (wo Stichproben gezogen werden, deren Umfang selten mehr als einige Dutzend Fälle umfaßt) ohnehin nicht erreichbar sei.
Group-wise successive interference cancellation in multirate CDMA systems (2003)

In this paper, the performance of variable processing gains (VPG) and multicode (MC) systems employing a group-wise successive interference canceller (GSIC) is analysed. The GSIC is an interference canceller performing group-wise signal estimation using matched filters and successive cancellation between the groups. The results for long random codes show that the systems converge to similar performance. Before convergence, the two schemes have however different performance. For the first few stages the MC scheme performs better than the VPG scheme, while the VPG scheme obtains the lowest minimum BER.
Construction of positive time-frequency distributions (1994)

A general method for constructing nonnegative definite, joint time-frequency distributions (TFDs) satisfying the marginals of time |s(t)|/sup 2/ and frequency |S(f)|/sup 2/ is presented. As nonnegative-definite distributions with the correct marginals, these TFDs are members of the Cohen-Posch class. Several examples illustrating properties of these TFDs are presented for both synthetic and real signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Beam induced deposition of platinum using a helium ion microscope (2009)

Helium ion microscopy is now a demonstrated practical technology that possesses the resolution and beam currents necessary to perform nanofabrication tasks, such as circuit edit applications. Due to helium’s electrical properties and sample interaction characteristics relative to gallium, it is likely that the properties and deposition characteristics of beam induced deposited films will be different than those produced using gallium focused ion beam technology. However, there is at this date very little literature discussing the use of helium beams for beam induced chemistry or characterization of the resulting films. In this article, the authors present initial results regarding the deposition of platinum using a helium ion microscope and a gaseous organometallic precursor. Within this work a Carl Zeiss ORION™ helium ion microscope was used along with an OmniGIS unit to deposit platinum while exploring a variety of controllable parameters such as beam current, beam overlap, and size of deposition.
Laserspray Ionization Imaging of Multiply Charged Ions Using a Commercial Vacuum MALDI Ion Source (2012)

This is the first report of imaging mass spectrometry (MS) from multiply charged ions at vacuum. Laserspray ionization (LSI) was recently extended to applications at vacuum producing electrospray ionization-like multiply charged ions directly from surfaces using a commercial intermediate pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) MS instrument. Here, we developed a strategy to image multiply charged peptide ions. This is achieved by the use of 2-nitrophloroglucinol as matrix for spray deposition onto the tissue section and implementation of "soft" acquisition conditions including lower laser power and ion accelerating voltages similar to electrospray ionization-like conditions. Sufficient ion abundance is generated by the vacuum LSI method to employ IMS separation in imaging multiply charged ions obtained on a commercial mass spectrometer ion source without physical instrument modifications using the laser in the commercially available reflection geometry alignment. IMS gas-phase separation reduces the complexity of the ion signal from the tissue, especially for multiply charged relative to abundant singly charged ions from tissue lipids. We show examples of LSI tissue imaging from charge state +2 of three endogenous peptides consisting of between 1 and 16 amino acid residues from the acetylated N-terminal end of myelin basic protein: mass-to-charge (m/z) 795.81 (+2) molecular weight (MW) 1589.6, m/z 831.35 (+2) MW 1660.7, and m/z 917.40 (+2) MW 1832.8.
Tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ reduce prolactin release in vitro. (1990)

Les experiences menees sur une culture de cellules de l'hypophyse anterieure de rat montrent que le facteur α de necrose tumorale (TNFα) et l'interferon γ ont la possibilite d'agir directement sur les cellules pour ralentir la liberation de prolactine et de former une boucle de controle endocrinien
Inability to Clonally Expand Fetal Progenitors from Maternal Blood (2002)

The clonal expansion of single fetal colonies from the maternal circulation is not feasible by current methods.
Secret messaging with endogenous chemistry (2021)

Data encoded in molecules offers opportunities for secret messaging and extreme information density. Here, we explore how the same chemical and physical dimensions used to encode molecular information can expose molecular messages to detection and manipulation. To address these vulnerabilities, we write data using an object's pre-existing surface chemistry in ways that are indistinguishable from the original substrate. While it is simple to embed chemical information onto common objects (covers) using routine steganographic permutation, chemically embedded covers are found to be resistant to detection by sophisticated analytical tools. Using Turbo codes for efficient digital error correction, we demonstrate recovery of secret keys hidden in the pre-existing chemistry of American one dollar bills. These demonstrations highlight ways to improve security in other molecular domains, and show how the chemical fingerprints of common objects can be harnessed for data storage and communication.
Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Applications for Biological Imaging (2006)

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) technique has recently attracted significant interest because of its better detection sensitivity and faster image acquisition rates compared with the traditional time-domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT) technique. In this paper we introduce the basic principle, experimental setup and the post processing program of a SD-OCT system constructed at our laboratory. The SD-OCT system has an axial resolution of 10 mum in air and 1000 axial scans per second at 3648 pixels per axial scan. It is then demonstrated that the SD-OCT image of onion skin and rat eye, verifying the capability for biological imaging of our system.
Junction Transistor Switching Circuits for High-Speed Digital Computer Applications (1956)

This paper describes junction transistor switching circuits capable of reliable operation at a clock rate of one megacycle. These circuits, consisting of a flip-flop, a gated pulse amplifier, and diode gates, consume a minimum of power and operate over a temperature range of -55° C to +85°C with complete transistor interchangeability. Applications of these circuits to binary counters, shift registers, and accumulators are also presented.
Multi-Level Structured Models for Document-Level Sentiment Classification (2010)

In this paper, we investigate structured models for document-level sentiment classification. When predicting the sentiment of a subjective document (e.g., as positive or negative), it is well known that not all sentences are equally discriminative or informative. But identifying the useful sentences automatically is itself a difficult learning problem. This paper proposes a joint two-level approach for document-level sentiment classification that simultaneously extracts useful (i.e., subjective) sentences and predicts document-level sentiment based on the extracted sentences. Unlike previous joint learning methods for the task, our approach (1) does not rely on gold standard sentence-level subjectivity annotations (which may be expensive to obtain), and (2) optimizes directly for document-level performance. Empirical evaluations on movie reviews and U.S. Congressional floor debates show improved performance over previous approaches. 1
Code generation for single-dimension software pipelining of multi-dimensional loops (2004)

Traditionally, software pipelining is applied either to theinnermost loop of a given loop nest or from the innermostloop to the outer loops. In a companion paper, we proposeda scheduling method, called Single-dimension SoftwarePipelining (SSP), to software pipeline a multi-dimensionalloop nest at an arbitrary loop level.In this paper, we describe our solution to SSP code generation.In contrast to traditional software pipelining, SSPhandles two distinct repetitive patterns, and thus requiresnew code generation algorithms. Further, these two distinctrepetitive patterns complicate register assignment and requiretwo levels of register renaming. As rotating registerssupport renaming at only one level, our solution is based ona combination of dynamic register renaming (using rotatingregisters) and static register renaming (using code replication).Finally, code size increase, an even more important issuefor SSP than for traditional software-pipelining, is alsoaddressed. Optimizations are proposed to reduce code sizewithout significant performance degradation.We first present a code generation scheme and subsequentlyimplement it for the IA-64 architecture, making effectiveuse of rotating registers and predicated execution.We present some initial experimental results, which demonstratenot only the feasibility and correctness of our codegeneration scheme, but also its code quality.
Practicable Backup Arrangements for Small Organisations and Individuals (2016)

The last thirty years of computing has resulted in many people being heavily dependent on digital data. Meanwhile, there has been a significant change in the patterns of data storage and of processing. Despite the many risks involved in data management, there is a dearth of guidance and support for individuals and small organisations. A generic risk assessment is presented, resulting in practicable backup plans that are applicable to the needs of those categories of IT user.
Using Convolutional Neural Networks to Classify Audio Signal in Noisy Sound Scenes (2018)

The issue of source separation of audio signals from a mixture of sounds is an important problem that arises in various industrial applications. For example, it can be mentioned that the issue of sound-based fault detection and diagnosis in industrial equipment or a multi-speaker recognition task in a cocktail party problem. The last one is of great importance for the creation of new generation hearing aids that isolate and amplify a certain speech signal in noisy scenes. In this paper, I propose a new approach to this problem solving, based on an ensemble of artificial neural networks. The solution of the problem is divided into two stages. At the first stage, the ensemble of convolutional neural networks determines the presence or absence of the speech signal in a noisy environment, using a set of speech signal samples, prepared in advance. At the second stage, another ensemble of neural networks filters the speech signal, determined at the first stage and cuts the rest of the signals as noise. The ensemble of convolutional neural networks, used at the first stage, consists of neural networks, each of which includes three convolutional layers and one fully connected layer. The analysis of the sound scene is performed on the basis of its spectrogram, obtained by using the fast Fourier transform. This neural network is implemented in Python by the use of the TensorFlow and Keras software libraries. Here are the results of computational experiments on using the designed and trained neural network for analyzing and filtering an audio stream, which contains several superimposed male and female voices with music in the background. The performed experiments confirm the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Diuretics. Organomercurials (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiuretics. OrganomercurialsCalvert W. WhiteheadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 9, 2178–2182Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01542a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01542a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
NaF and mononucleotides as inhibitors of 3'‐5'‐exonuclease activity and stimulators of polymerase activity of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment (1990)

It has been shown that, in the absence of dATP in the poly(dT).oligo(dA) template-primer complex, the rate of primer cleavage by the E. coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment equals 4% of polymerization rate, while in the presence of dATP it equals as much as 50-60%. NaF and NMP taken separately inhibit exonuclease cleavage of oligo(dA) both with and without dATP. The addition of NaF (5-10 mM) or NMP (5-20 mM) increases the absolute increment of polymerization rate 5-9-fold relative to the absolute decrement of the rate of nuclease hydrolysis of primer. This proves the assumption that not more than 10-20% of primer molecules, interacting with the exonuclease center of polymerase, are cleaved by the enzyme. Presumably, NaF and nucleotides disturb the coupling of the 3'-end of oligonucleotide primer to the exonuclease center of the enzyme. As the primers mostly form complexes with the polymerizing center, the reaction of polymerization is activated.
High‐molecular‐weight AB‐type benzoxazines as new precursors for high‐performance thermosets (2007)

Abstract Novel high‐molecular‐weight polybenzoxazine precursors, namely AB‐type benzoxazine precursors, were synthesized from aminophenols and formaldehyde. Both 1 H NMR and IR confirmed the structure of the precursors, indicating the presence of a cyclic benzoxazine structure in the backbone of the precursors. The weight‐average molecular weight was estimated by size exclusion chromatography to be to in the range of 1300–4500. The precursors gave self‐standing thin films when their solutions were cast in dioxane over glass plates and dried, and upon a gradual thermal cure up to 250 °C, they afforded polybenzoxazine films. The viscoelastic analyses showed that the glass transition temperatures of the polybenzoxazine films obtained from these novel precursors were as high as 260–300 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that the onset of decomposition and the char yield of the thermosets derived from these AB‐type precursors were higher than those of traditional polybenzoxazine. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1878–1888, 2007.
Insect immunity: molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of cDNAs and genomic DNA encoding three isoforms of insect defensin in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (1999)

Aedes aegypti were immune activated by injection with bacteria, and the expression of insect defensins was measured over time. Northern analyses indicated that defensin transcriptional activity continued for at least 21 days after bacterial injection, and up to 10 days after saline inoculation. Mature defensin levels in the haemolymph reached approximately 45 microM at 24 h post inoculation. cDNAs encoding the preprodefensins of three previously described mature Ae. aegypti defensins were amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced. Genomic clones were amplified using primers designed against the cDNA sequence. Sequence comparison indicates that there is significant inter- and intra-isoform variability in the signal peptide and prodefensin sequences of defensin genes. Preprodefensin sequences of isoforms A and B are very similar, consisting of a signal peptide region of twenty amino acids, a prodefensin region of thirty-eight amino acids and a forty amino acid mature peptide domain. The sequence encoding isoform C is significantly different, comprising a signal peptide region of twenty-three amino acids, a prodefensin region of thirty-six amino acids, and the mature protein domain of forty amino acids. Analysis of the genomic clones of each isoform revealed one intron spatially conserved in the prodefensin region of all sequences. The intron in isoforms A and B is 64 nt long, and except for a 4 nt substitution in one clone, these intron sequences are identical. The intron in isoform C is 76 nt long and does not share significant identity with the intron sequences of isoforms A or B. The defensin gene mapped to chromosome 3, between two known loci, blt and LF168.
Pregabalin in patients with postoperative dental pain (2001)

Pregabalin is an analogue of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid. In preclinical models, it has shown activity as an analgesic agent. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was undertaken to compare pregabalin to placebo and 400 mg of ibuprofen using a dental pain model. Study medication was administered postoperatively to patients who had undergone elective surgery to remove one or two third molars, at least one of which was mandibular and fully or partially impacted in bone. The study was conducted in the UK at a single centre and evaluated pregabalin at doses of 50 and 300 mg. Primary efficacy parameters included pain relief (PR), pain intensity difference (PID), pain relief intensity difference (PRID), time to onset of analgesia, and duration of analgesia. The patient's global impression of the study medication was used as a secondary efficacy parameter. Efficacy data were evaluated for the intent-to-treat (ITT) population, defined as all randomized patients who took study medication. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in PR, PID, and PRID between the 300-mg pregabalin group and placebo. In addition, the 300-mg pregabalin group had a significantly longer duration of analgesia than the ibuprofen group and had the highest score on the patient global impression of study medication. Adverse events were reported more frequently in the pregabalin 300-mg group. Pregabalin appears to have significant analgesic properties in the third molar extraction model. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Electronic Ultra-High Vacuum Pump (1958)

An ultra-high vacuum pump has been developed based on the combined effects of ionization, excitation and sputtering. A cold-cathode discharge in magnetic field is employed with no hot filaments nor moving parts. The ultimate vacuum attainable is not yet known but is probably below 2×10−10 mm Hg. A pumping speed of about 10 liters/sec for air has been recorded at 1×10−7 mm Hg. The pump replaces liquid nitrogen-trapped oil diffusion pumps for pumping microwave tubes.
The role of capillary waves in two-fluid atomization (1997)

A mechanistic study of two-fluid atomization has been carried out using a new spray technique called ultrasound-modulated two-fluid (UMTF) atomization. This technique is based on resonance between the liquid capillary waves generated by ultrasound and those generated by high-velocity air. Specifically, capillary waves are established on the surface of a liquid jet as it issues from a coaxial two-fluid atomizer, the nozzle tip of which vibrates at the same frequency as the ultrasound while the frequency of the capillary waves is only half of the ultrasound frequency. As these capillary waves travel downstream in the direction of air flow, their amplitude is further amplified by the air flowing around them. Atomization occurs when the wave amplitude becomes too great to maintain wave stability; the resulting drop sizes are proportional to the wavelength of the resonant capillary waves which is determined by the harmonic frequency of the ultrasound in accordance with the Kelvin equation. Theoretical calculations of the amplitude growth rate are based on two models of temporal instability of wind-generated capillary waves: Taylor’s dispersion relation and Jeffreys’ one-parameter (sheltering factor) model. Good agreements between the theoretical predictions by these models and the experimental results of how drop-size and size distributions are influenced by air velocity and surface tension led to the conclusion that Taylor-mode breakup of capillary waves plays a very important role in two-fluid atomization. Furthermore, all peak drop diameters can be accounted for by the harmonic frequencies of the ultrasound. Hence, it is further concluded that secondary atomization is negligible in co-flow two-fluid atomization of a water jet at air velocities up to 170 m/s and air-to-water mass ratio up to 5.6. In addition, uniform drops with diameters predetermined by the ultrasound frequency can be accomplished by adjusting the air velocity.
Characteristics of an integrated spiral inductor with an underlying n-well (1997)

Effects due to presence of n-wells with bias and no bias under spiral inductors are described. Inductors with underlying n-wells are fabricated using a 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS process. S-parameters are measured at different n-well bias conditions and equivalent circuit parameters are extracted and compared. The results show that when the n-well-to-substrate junctions are reverse biased parasitic capacitance associated with the inductors can be reduced approximately by a factor of 2 and the peak quality factor (Q) can be increased by /spl sim/10%. This reduction in the parasitic capacitance should enable widening of the inductor metal traces to increase the Q at low frequencies while keeping the parasitic capacitance and self-resonance frequency constant.