gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lane Reservation for Highways (Position Paper) (2007)

The only way to keep up with the ever-increasing number of cars on roads is through constant change and improvement in the transportation infrastructure. Construction of new roads is constrained by space and financial resources. Therefore, there is a need to devise ways to make optimal use of the existing infrastructure. In this position paper, we describe a lane reservation system for highways. The idea is to allow drivers to reserve a slot on a high-priority lane by paying a premium price. The high-priority lane would provide congestion free travel between any two points on the highway. We describe the design of our system, the challenges that need to be solved and the evaluation methodology we are planning to adopt.
Reduced xenon diffusion for quantitative lung study?the role of SF6 (2000)

The large diffusion coefficients of gases result in significant spin motion during the application of gradient pulses that typically last a few milliseconds in most NMR experiments. In restricted environments, such as the lung, this rapid gas diffusion can lead to violations of the narrow pulse approximation, a basic assumption of the standard Stejskal-Tanner NMR method of diffusion measurement. We therefore investigated the effect of a common, biologically inert buffer gas, sulfur hexafluoride (SF(6)), on (129)Xe NMR and diffusion. We found that the contribution of SF(6) to (129)Xe T(1) relaxation in a 1:1 xenon/oxygen mixture is negligible up to 2 bar of SF(6) at standard temperature. We also measured the contribution of SF(6) gas to (129)Xe T(2) relaxation, and found it to scale inversely with pressure, with this contribution approximately equal to 1 s for 1 bar SF(6) pressure and standard temperature. Finally, we found the coefficient of (129)Xe diffusion through SF(6) to be approximately 4.6 x 10(-6) m(2)s(-1) for 1 bar pressure of SF(6) and standard temperature, which is only 1.2 times smaller than the (129)Xe self diffusion coefficient for 1 bar (129)Xe pressure and standard temperature. From these measurements we conclude that SF(6) will not sufficiently reduce (129)Xe diffusion to allow accurate surface-area/volume ratio measurements in human alveoli using time-dependent gas diffusion NMR.
Laser beam spatial profile analysis using a two-dimensional photodiode array (1983)

A system for the spatial characterization of a laser beam using an optoelectronic imaging device is described. A two-dimensional photodiode array interfaced to a small computer is used to obtain the image of the beam’s cross section; the peak position, peak intensity, and Gaussian peak width can then be computed and displayed. Details of the array interface, the graphics, and the data-processing algorithm are provided.
An ion-exchange method for determining paraquat residues in food crops (1965)

A. Calderbank and S. H. Yuen, Analyst, 1965, 90, 99 DOI: 10.1039/AN9659000099
Cyclic AMP and immune responses: changes in the splenic level of cyclic AMP during the response of mice to antigen. (1975)

Intravenous injection of sheep erythrocytes into normal immunologically competent C57BL/6J mice results in significant and characteristic changes in the splenic level of 3':5'-cAMP with initiation of the immune response and proliferation of antibody-forming cells. The level increases 2- to 3-fold initially, peaks at 2 min, and returns to base level in an hour. Between 2 and 5 days there is a decrease, followed by a peak when the rate of proliferation of antibody-forming cells is maximal. Changes in splenic level of cAMP are thus transitory and biphasic, and they occur only in response to foreign substances that are immunogenic, such as heterologous erythrocytes, and not to antigenically inert carbon particles. They are also dependent upon the dose of immunogen. Moreover, the double-stranded hybrid of polyadenylate and polyuridylate, which acts synergistically with antigen in stimulating endogenous cAMP, is immuno-enhancing if given with sheep erythrocytes when the cAMP level is increasing, and immunosuppresive if given when cAMP is decreasing. These data provide direct evidence for a role of cAMP as a mediator in the activation and proliferation of immunocytes stimulated by antigen. With knowledge of the transitory and biphasic nature of the cAMP response induced by antigen, one can avoid indiscriminate use of drugs that modify the level of endogenous cAMP and instead employ them rationally in controlling the immune response, enhancing or suppressing it as desired.
Use of Scanned Detection in Optical Position Encoders (2004)

The use of scanning detection in optical noncontact position sensing is proposed, and a prototype is implemented, using optical scanning of pseudorandom binary sequences printed in bar-code format. Light from a vibrating fiber tip is imaged onto the printed code using a GRIN (graded index) lens, and the reflected light detected via the same lens, resulting in a single scanner module. Improved flexibility and signal processing possibilities are obtained compared to conventional diode array optical code readers. Performance limitations of scanning position encoders are analyzed and discussed. Suggestions for implementation using microoptoelectromechanical systems are presented.
A Computer-Controlled Poppet-Valve Actuation System for Application on Research Engines (1984)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A computer - controlled valve actuation system for research engines is described. The system can be used for the complete real-time control of valve motion, including valve lift, dwell, valve event overlap and valve timing. The value actuator is a fast electro-hydraulic unit, incorporating a small hydraulic actuator and a high-performance servovalve. The actuator assembly mounts over the engine valve and replaces the existing camshaft and rocker arm. An analog position-feedback controller coupled to a laboratory minicomputer provides the system control. The closed-loop step response time is 3 milliseconds with a 0.5 millisecond initial delay. The system currently operates at engine speeds less than 1000 rpm and with appropriate control software is expected to operate at engine speeds approaching 3000 rpm. The actuation system is suitable for a research environment and has many potential applications in piston engine research and development.</div>
Unsupervised Learning of Important Objects from First-Person Videos (2016)

A first-person camera, placed at a person's head, captures, which objects are important to the camera wearer. Most prior methods for this task learn to detect such important objects from the manually labeled first-person data in a supervised fashion. However, important objects are strongly related to the camera wearer's internal state such as his intentions and attention, and thus, only the person wearing the camera can provide the importance labels. Such a constraint makes the annotation process costly and limited in scalability. In this work, we show that we can detect important objects in first-person images without the supervision by the camera wearer or even third-person labelers. We formulate an important detection problem as an interplay between the 1) segmentation and 2) recognition agents. The segmentation agent first proposes a possible important object segmentation mask for each image, and then feeds it to the recognition agent, which learns to predict an important object mask using visual semantics and spatial features. We implement such an interplay between both agents via an alternating cross-pathway supervision scheme inside our proposed Visual-Spatial Network (VSN). Our VSN consists of spatial ("where") and visual ("what") pathways, one of which learns common visual semantics while the other focuses on the spatial location cues. Our unsupervised learning is accomplished via a cross-pathway supervision, where one pathway feeds its predictions to a segmentation agent, which proposes a candidate important object segmentation mask that is then used by the other pathway as a supervisory signal. We show our method's success on two different important object datasets, where our method achieves similar or better results as the supervised methods.
Plasticity of motoneuronal connections (1991)

Preface. Section I. Muscle. 1. The satellite cell: an overview (H. Schmalbruch). 2. Retroviral vectors as probes of muscle development (S.M. Hughes and H. Blau). 3. Implantation of myogenic cells into muscles of adult mice (A. Irintchev, A. Wernig, A. Hartling, K. Zimmerman and A. Starzinski-Powith). 4. Synaptic modulations in muscle conditioning (I. Mussini and U. Carraro). 5. Quantitative aspects of muscle innervation (W. Zenker and E.P. Scheidegger). Section II. Endplate plasticity. 6. Peanut agglutinin as a probe for studying remodeling and differentiation of synaptic extracellular matrix at the frog neuromuscular junction (C.P. Ko). 7. Focal specialization for stability and plasticity at neuromuscular junctions of young and old mice (N. Robbins). 8. The plasticity and stability of neuromuscular synapses in living mice (R.J. Balice-Gordon and J.W. Lichtman). 9. Endplate and motor unit remodeling in vertebrate muscles (A. Wernig, T.F. Salvini, B. Langenfeld-Oster, A. Irintchev and M. Dorlochter). 10. Activity-dependent adaptation in neuromuscular systems: comparative observations (H.L. Atwood, P.V. Nguyen and A.J. Mercier). 11. Postsynaptic folds and neuromuscular disease (C.R. Slater, P.R. Lyons, T.J. Walls and S.A. Bradley). 12. Non-pathological synaptic mechanisms in diseases of the neuromuscular junction (P.C. Molenaar, J.J. Plomp, G. Th.H. Van Kempen, Y. Graus and M.H. De Baets). Section III. ACh receptor and other synaptic features. 13. Regulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at the rat neuromuscular junction (V. Witzemann). 14. Fast desensitization of transmitter activated channels and synaptic transmission (Ch. Franke, H. Hatt and J. Dudel). 15. Properties of acetylcholine receptor channels in isolated skeletal muscle fibres in culture (F. Ruzzier, F. Grohovaz and P. Lorenzon). 16. Effect of denervation and regeneration on the stability of junctional ACh receptors in mature frog muscles (A.D. Grinnell and J. Do). 17. Active zones and plasticity of motor nerve terminals (L.A. Kashapova, D.A. Moshkov and E.N. Bezgina). 18. Calcium channels in the neuromuscular junction: functional linkage between impulse transmission and fine structural alterations in the motor end plate (B. Csillik, E. Csillik-Knyiha and L. Siklos). 19. Anticholinesterase drugs and the mechanisms underlying neuromuscular transmission (M. Kordas, M. Scuka and R. Zorec). Section IV. Motor unit plasticity. 20. Physiological correlates of synaptic competition during synapse elimination in frog neuromuscular junctions (R. Dunia and A.A. Herrera). 21. An examination of use-dependent plasticity of neuromuscular junctions in light of neurotrophic theory (R.R. Ribchester and M.J. Mijnster). 22. Motoneuronal branching and motor size after complete and partial nerve injuries. (T. Gordon, J. T. de Zepetnek, V. Rafuse and S. Erdebil). 23. Action potentials and contraction forces of human motor units in chronic partial denervation (R. Dengler, A. Konstanzer, J. Elek, M.
Characterization of a Human 12/15-Lipoxygenase Promoter Variant Associated with Atherosclerosis Identifies Vimentin as a Promoter Binding Protein (2012)

This study suggests that vimentin binds the ALOX15 promoter and regulates its promoter activity and protein expression. Sequence variation that results in changes in DNA conformation and vimentin binding to the promoter may be relevant to ALOX15 gene regulation.
Performance of an Ultrasonic Ranging Sensor in Apple Tree Canopies (2011)

Electronic canopy characterization is an important issue in tree crop management. Ultrasonic and optical sensors are the most used for this purpose. The objective of this work was to assess the performance of an ultrasonic sensor under laboratory and field conditions in order to provide reliable estimations of distance measurements to apple tree canopies. To this purpose, a methodology has been designed to analyze sensor performance in relation to foliage ranging and to interferences with adjacent sensors when working simultaneously. Results show that the average error in distance measurement using the ultrasonic sensor in laboratory conditions is ±0.53 cm. However, the increase of variability in field conditions reduces the accuracy of this kind of sensors when estimating distances to canopies. The average error in such situations is ±5.11 cm. When analyzing interferences of adjacent sensors 30 cm apart, the average error is ±17.46 cm. When sensors are separated 60 cm, the average error is ±9.29 cm. The ultrasonic sensor tested has been proven to be suitable to estimate distances to the canopy in field conditions when sensors are 60 cm apart or more and could, therefore, be used in a system to estimate structural canopy parameters in precision horticulture.
Fas and Its Ligand, Caspases, and Bcl-2 Expression in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist-Treated Uterine Leiomyoma (2002)

GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) therapy is known to shrink uterine leiomyoma, although the molecular mechanisms responsible for this effect remain poorly understood. Conflicting results exist as to whether GnRH-a treatment increases apoptosis in leiomyoma cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of GnRH-a on uterine leiomyomas by profiling the expression levels of apoptosis-related molecules such as Fas/Fas ligand (FasL), caspases 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, and Bcl-2 from specimens of 20 patients receiving Leuplin Depot (LA), a long-acting GnRH-a, of 3 doses before myomectomy, as well as 24 controls. We found that uterine leiomyomas had up-regulated expressions of FasL and caspase 3 as compared with their homologous normal myometrium control. Both leiomyomas and myometria from LA-treated patients, however, presented a significant decrease in the expressions of FasL and caspase 3 as compared with those from LA-naive control patients. In addition, it was at the posttranscription level that the tumorigenesis of leiomyoma modulated the expressions of FasL and caspase 3 higher, whereas LA suppressed them at gene transcription. Unlike the case of FasL and caspase 3 mentioned above, no significant difference was found between leiomyomas and homologous myometria in the expressions of Fas and caspases 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The LA effect made drug-treated leiomyomas produce less Fas and caspases 7, 9, and 10 as compared with nontreated leiomyomas. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that both Fas and FasL were localized predominantly in cytosol. Moreover, leiomyomas had an up-regulated Bcl-2 level, which remained high even in the LA-treated cells. Our findings provide molecular evidence to support our previous observations that GnRH-a therapy fails to increase apoptosis in uterine leiomyomas.
Structure-function relationships in the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family of peptidylprolyl <i>cis-trans</i> isomerases (1996)

Review Article| March 01 1996 Structure-function relationships in the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family of peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerases John E. KAY John E. KAY 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8728 Print ISSN: 0264-6021 The Biochemical Society, London © 19961996 Biochem J (1996) 314 (2): 361–385. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3140361 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation John E. KAY; Structure-function relationships in the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family of peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerases. Biochem J 1 March 1996; 314 (2): 361–385. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3140361 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. The Biochemical Society, London © 19961996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Controlling attosecond pulse generation with a double optical gating (2007)

Numerical simulations have revealed that by adding a second harmonic field to a laser field with a time-dependent ellipticity, single isolated attosecond pulses can be generated as a result of the combined power of the two-color gating and the polarization gating. The duration of the pump laser applicable to this double optical gating scheme is a factor of 2 longer than that for the conventional polarization gating. Pulses with 200 attosecond duration can be generated from argon gas even with $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$ lasers. It was discovered that the number of attosecond pulses and their intensities could be controlled by either the relative phase between the two color fields or the carrier-envelope phase.
Improving TCP performance in heterogeneous mobile networks (2004)

In this paper, a new transport mechanism is proposed to improve TCP performance in heterogeneous mobile networks. The proposed mechanism is comprised of two parts: a congestion predictor (CP) and a bandwidth estimator (BE). Based on the CP, the cause of a packet loss during roaming is determined. If the loss is considered caused by congestion in the wireline, the congestion window is halved; otherwise, the packet is considered lost in the last hop, the wireless portion, and the sender can adjust the growth of the congestion window based on the BE. Hence, our mechanism can adapt to heterogeneous wireless network environment and also enhance TCP performance. We have conducted simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed mechanism. The results show that our mechanism significantly improves TCP performance as compared to existing solutions in heterogeneous mobile networks.
Reactions of NO with Mn(II) and Mn(III) Centers Coordinated to Carboxamido Nitrogen:  Synthesis of a Manganese Nitrosyl with Photolabile NO (2004)

The Mn(II) and Mn(III) complexes of the pentadentate ligand N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine-N-ethyl-2-pyridine-2-carboxamide (PaPy3H; H is the dissociable carboxamide H), namely, [Mn(PaPy3)(H2O)]ClO4 (1) and [Mn(PaPy3)(Cl)]ClO4 (2), with bound carboxamido nitrogen have been isolated and characterized. The high-spin Mn(II) center in 1 is very sensitive to dioxygen, and this complex is rapidly converted into 2 upon reaction with Cl- in air. The bound carboxamido nitrogen in 1 is responsible for this sensitivity toward oxidation since the analogous Schiff base complex [Mn(SBPy3)Cl]ClO4 (4) is very resistant to oxidation. Reaction of NO with 1 affords the diamagnetic [Mn-NO]6 nitrosyl [Mn(PaPy3)(NO)]ClO4 (5). Complexes with no bound carboxamido nitrogen such as 4 and [Mn(PaPy3H)(Cl)2] (3) do not react with NO. No reaction with NO is observed with the Mn(III) complexes 2 and [Mn(PaPy3)(MeCN)]2+ either. Collectively these reactions indicate that NO reacts only with the Mn(II) center ligated to at least one carboxamido nitrogen. Both the carbonyl and N-O stretching frequencies (nu(CO) and nu(NO)) of the present and related complexes strongly suggest a [low-spin Mn(II)-NO*] formulation for 5. The alternative description [low-spin Mn(I)-NO+] is not supported by the spectroscopic and redox behavior of 5. Complex 5 is the first example of a [Mn-NO]6 nitrosyl that exhibits photolability of NO upon illumination with low-intensity tungsten lamps in solvents such as MeCN and H2O. The rapid NO loss from 5 leads to the formation of the corresponding solvato species [Mn(PaPy3)(MeCN)]2+ under aerobic conditions. Oxidation of 5 with (NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6] in MeCN affords the highly reactive paramagnetic (S = 1/2) [MnNO]5 nitrosyl [Mn(PaPy3)(NO)](NO3)2 (6) in high yield. Spectroscopic and magnetic studies confirm a [low-spin Mn(II)-NO+] formulation for 6. The N-O stretching frequencies (nu(NO)) of 5, 6, and analogous nitrosyls reported by other groups collectively suggest that nu(NO) is a better indicator of the oxidation state of NO (NO+, NO*, or NO-) in non-heme iron and other transition-metal complexes with bound NO.
Approximating extent measures of points (2004)

We present a general technique for approximating various descriptors of the extent of a set P of n points in R d when the dimension d is an arbitrary fixed constant. For a given extent measure μ and a parameter ε > 0, it computes in time O ( n + 1/ε O (1) ) a subset Q ⊆ P of size 1/ε O (1) , with the property that (1 − ε)μ( P ) ≤ μ( Q ) ≤ μ( P ). The specific applications of our technique include ε-approximation algorithms for (i) computing diameter, width, and smallest bounding box, ball, and cylinder of P , (ii) maintaining all the previous measures for a set of moving points, and (iii) fitting spheres and cylinders through a point set P . Our algorithms are considerably simpler, and faster in many cases, than previously known algorithms.
A thermodynamical study of halogen lamps with carbon additive (1976)

A thermodynamical calculation scheme is worked out to study radial and axial transport of tungsten in a halogen incandescent lamp. The approximations of a common diffusion coefficient for all gaseous components and local chemical equilibrium are used. Non-blackening is connected to an inequality forbidding deposition of tungsten onto the bulb wall. Chemical attack or growth of a given part of the coil is characterized by the second derivative of the global pressure of tungsten along the coil. The gettering effect of carbon on oxygen is shown to be limited by partial deposition of carbon as well as the formation of CO2 that decomposes at the coil releasing active oxygen.
Rapid thermal processing of magnetic materials (2006)

The rapid thermal processing (RTP) technique features dynamic control of temperature, which permits high heating and cooling rates that cannot be reached with conventional furnace treatments. In recent years, RTP has been increasingly applied to the processing of magnetic materials. The controllable heating profiles provide an approach for the deliberate construction of materials structure via expediting phase transitions and tailoring materials morphology. In this review, the history, principles and facilities of several types of RTP techniques are introduced, including laser and electron beam heating, lamp heating, Joule heating and pulse thermal processing techniques. RTP of various advanced magnetic materials are reviewed, including soft magnetic materials, spintronic materials, magnetic recording materials and nanocomposite hard magnetic materials. Advantages of RTP are highlighted and compared with conventional thermal treatments.
On the specification and synthesis of hazard-free asynchronous control circuits (2002)

Two related approaches to the specification and synthesis of hazard-free asynchronous control circuits are described. The first approach is based on signal transition graphs (STGs), a type of interpreted Petri nets. The second is based on a subclass of state machines called asynchronous finite state machines (AFSMs).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>