gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Call Admission and Preemption Control Algorithms for Secure Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Using IPSec Tunneling (2006)

In this paper the network architecture under consideration is secure networking, in which an IPSec tunneling encryption device is located at the boundary between the insecure LAN and the secure WAN. This architecture has been used in many DoD tactical networks to satisfy the COMSEC requirements. This makes providing end-to-end QoS support in this type of network very challenging. To address this, a study was launched under the ARMY CERDEC multi-functional on-the-move secure adaptive integrated communications (MOSAIC) program. The salient feature of our solution is that call admission control and preemption control decision is based on the real-time measurements on the traffic loading. We simulated the QoS architecture using OPNET to evaluate the performance characteristics. We studied the performance over five different priority classes for six different applications. The performance metrics under consideration include average delay per priority class for UDP applications, throughput and file transfer completion time for TCP applications, and per class preemption/blocking probability. Our study showed that this integrated solution exhibited superb end-to-end QoS performance over a wide range of traffic loadings
Reactive leaching of recovery boiler fly ash (2016)

This thesis studied a new CaO leaching method for chloride and potassium removal from recovery boiler fly ash. The concept of this method is to use calcium oxide (or calcium hydroxide) as an additive in the leaching stage in order to ease the subsequent solid-liquid separation. CaO leaching has several benefits over traditional leaching process which uses sulphuric acid as an additive: CaO does not include sulphur that would affect the mills sulphur sodium balance, CaO is readily available in the mill site as reburned lime and CaO leaching also produces NaOH into the chloride and potassium rich purge stream. It is suggested that this NaOH may be utilized outside of the chemical recovery cycle, for example in the bleaching stage or in the waste water treatment plant.\n\nIn the literature section of the work, the kraft chemical recovery processes and harmful effects of the chloride and potassium were examined. Also the existing chloride and potassium removal methods were reviewed. From the literature studies and experiences on existing chloride removal installations it was concluded that the efficiency of an ash leaching process depends mainly on ash composition, thermodynamics of the system and the efficiency of solid-liquid separation of the resulting ash slurry. One of the most important factors complicating the solid-liquid separation is the carbonate content of the fly ash. In order to test the CaO leaching in different conditions, four different ash samples and their sedimentation was tested in laboratory. Effects of dosing and thermodynamics were tested with Chemsheet simulations. CaO leaching was also tested in a mill site with a pilot scale test setup and a decanter centrifuge.\n\nResults obtained from experiments indicate that adding CaO during the leaching improves solid-liquid separation and is thus a good option for treating fly ash fractions with elevated carbonate contents. For the ash samples with carbonate mass fractions of 7.2 to 9.8% the best reburned lime dosages were in the range of 10 to 15% (mass fractions of ash). When converted to molar equivalents the best ratio of CaO to CO3 was in the range of 1-1.5. Sample ashes with 0.48% and 16.2% carbonate contents benefited from smaller reburned lime dosages. The separation efficiency in pilot tests improved with reburned lime addition and CaO leaching resulted in better removal efficiencies for chloride and potassium but lower recovery efficiencies for sodium and sulphates. Part of the lower sodium recovery is expected since fraction of the sodium is removed in the liquid phase as NaOH. However, it is suggested that Cl and K rich liquid fraction containing NaOH may be utilized outside of the chemical recovery cycle. Removal and recovery efficiency results contain some uncertainty since the separation in CaO leaching was so intense that some sedimentation was observed already in the mixing tank. It is thus possible that the feed stream composition did not equal the exact composition of the mixing tank slurry.
Circulating tumor cells in patients with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (2007)

5076 Background: Blood-based assays are urgently needed to provide molecular information on the specific targets expressed in tumor cells to optimize treatment selection. Antibody-capture technologies have been applied to isolate circulating tumor cells (CTC) from small volumes of peripheral blood from patients with progressive castrate metastatic prostate cancer. It has been demonstrated previously that CTC isolated from these patients represent authentic prostate cancer cells. Methods: CTC, positive for EpCAM (epithelial cellular adhesion molecule) and nuclear DAPI, and CD45 negative, were isolated from 120 patients with clinical castrate metastatic disease. All patients had rising PSA levels and were on stable treatment regimens at the time of CTC sampling. We tested the association between CTC counts and PSA levels, and the extent of disease to bone, and soft tissue metastasis by Wilcoxon rank sum. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed for AR and ERBB2 genes by an adapted method in CTC. Results: The average age in this patient cohort was 69 years, and median PSA at the time when CTC were drawn was 111 ng/mL (range 0.86–12147 ng/mL). The patterns of metastatic spread included disease in soft tissue only in 12 patients (10%), in bone and soft tissue in 67 (56%), and in bone only in 41 patients (34%). CTC counts ranged from 0 to 1958 cells per 7.5 mL of blood. A large number of patients (54, 45%) had 10 or more circulating tumor cells, while only 33 patients (27.5%) had 1 or less CTC per sample of blood. Significantly higher numbers of CTC were detected in patients with bone metastasis compared to those without bone metastasis (11 vs. 2.5, p<0.01). In patients with marked amplification of AR locus (five patients), tetraploidy was noted in the majority of cases (four cases). Two patients without AR amplification showed apparent tetraploidy, while no analyzed samples (nine) had amplification of ERBB2. Conclusions: The analysis of cancer-related gene alterations in CTC is feasible in a hospital-based laboratory. Further gene expression studies focused on the patients with higher numbers of CTC in correlation with clinical outcomes, as well as the investigation of CTC gene expression during specific treatments are under way. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Nitroethylation of Indoles. III.<sup>1-3</sup> A Synthetic Route to Substituted Tryptamines (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Nitroethylation of Indoles. III.1-3 A Synthetic Route to Substituted TryptaminesWayland E. Noland and Ronald F. LangeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 5, 1203–1209Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01514a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01514a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Improved Synthesis of (-)-Martinellic Acid via Radical Addition-Cyclization-Elimination Reaction of Chiral Oxime Ether (2006)

A concise formal synthesis of (-)-martinellic acid has been accomplished by preparing optically active dipyrroloquinoline as a key synthetic intermediate, which was prepared via the radical addition-cyclization-elimination of oxime ether carrying an unsaturated ester followed by two chemoselective reductions of the carbonyl groups.
Holographic interferometry using two-wavelength holography for the measurement of large deformations (1995)

Visible holographic interferometry is generally too sensitive for the measurement of large deformations. We present a holographic method that permits an increase in the range of measurable deformations. It requires the use of two different wavelengths, λ(1) and λ(2), and two holograms in series. We develop the theoretical basis of a method that permits the obtention of an interferogram as if a longer equivalent wavelength, λ(eq) = λ(1)λ(2)/|λ(1) -λ(2)|, were used. The method is experimentally tested by use of a setup that can be easily converted into a classical single-wavelength holographic interferometer, permitting comparison of the interferograms of the same deformation produced with both methods. Significant results are presented.
International Retrospective Analysis of 73 Cases of Invasive Fusariosis Treated with Voriconazole (2010)

The outcomes for 73 invasive fusariosis patients treated with voriconazole were investigated. Patients with proven (n = 67) or probable (n = 6) infections were identified from the voriconazole clinical database (n = 39) and the French National Reference Center for Mycoses and Antifungals database (n = 34). Investigator-determined success was a complete or partial response. Survival was determined from day 1 of voriconazole therapy to the last day known alive. Patients were 2 to 79 years old (median, 43 years), and 66% were male. Identified Fusarium species (62%) were F. solani, F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, and F. oxysporum. Underlying conditions analyzed included hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT; 18%), hematologic malignancy (HM; 60%), chronic immunosuppression (CI; 12%), or other condition (OC; 10%). Infection sites were brain (5%), disseminated excluding brain (67%), lungs/sinus (15%), and other (12%). Most patients (64%) were or had recently been neutropenic (<500 cells/mm(3)). Therapy duration was 1 to 480 days (median, 57 days), with a 47% success rate. Baseline neutropenia impacted success adversely (P ≤ 0.03). Success varied by underlying condition (HSCT, 38%; HM, 45%; CI, 44%; OC, 71%) and infection site (brain, 0%; disseminated, 45%; other, 56%; lung/sinus, 64%) (P > 0.05). Combination therapy (13 patients) was no better than treatment with voriconazole alone. Overall, 59% of the patients died (49% died of fusariosis), and 90-day survival was 42%. Site of infection influenced survival (P = 0.02). Median survival (in days) by species was as follows: F. solani, 213; F. oxysporum, 112; Fusarium spp., 101; F. proliferatum, 84; F. moniliforme, 76. We conclude that voriconazole is a therapeutic option for invasive fusariosis.
Alkylcyanoacrylate nanocapsules prepared from mini-emulsions: A comparison with the conventional approach (2006)

Polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanocapsules are being prepared using two different types of o/w-emulsions: a conventional emulsion generated by intensive stirring with a home-made device and a mini-emulsion produced by the action of ultrasonic dispersion, using the alkylcyanoacrylate monomer as a hydrophobic agent. The emulsions and the resulting nanocapsule dispersions are compared using various methods of physical characterization. The formation of solid capsules is indicated by solid state NMR spectra and atomic force microscopy. Differences between the results of both synthetic approaches are found in terms of particle size distribution, zeta potential and tendency towards particle agglomeration. Capsules prepared by ultrasound via the mini-emulsion pathway tend to be smaller and more monodisperse. Their zeta potential is negative with larger absolute values as compared to capsules obtained from conventional emulsions, leading to stronger repulsive interactions and a higher stability against capsule agglomeration.
Mocking Ads through Mobile Web Services (2014)

The need for creativity is ubiquitous, and mobile devices connected to Web services can help us. Linguistic creativity is widely used in advertisements to surprise us, to get our attention, and to stick concepts in our memory. However, creativity can also be used as a defense. When we walk in the street, we are overwhelmed by messages that try to get our attention with any persuasive device at hand. As messages get ever more aggressive, often our basic cognitive defenses—trying not to perceive those messages—are not sufficient. One advanced defensive technique is based on transforming the perceived message into something different (for instance, making use of irony or hyperbole) from what was originally meant in the message. In this article, we describe an implemented application for smartphones, which creatively modifies the linguistic expression in a virtual copy of a poster encountered on the street. The mobile system is inspired by the subvertising practice of countercultural art.
Oxidation Reactions with Aliphatic Peracids (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation Reactions with Aliphatic PeracidsFrank P. GreenspanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 7, 847–848Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50451a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50451a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Long Length LDPC Code Construction and the Corresponding Decoder Implementation with Adjustable Parallelism (2008)

In this paper, we propose a class of implementation friendly structured LDPC codes with low error floors. The proposed codes exhibit no apparent error floors as compared with quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC codes at long block lengths. A modified progressive edge-growth algorithm is used to construct the hierarchical quasi-cyclic (H-QC) LDPC codes. By adding implementation-friendly two-level hierarchy with limited types of second-level submatrices in the parity check matrix, coding performance is improved substantially over QC codes. We also show that QC-based decoder architecture can be easily applied to H-QC decoders to achieve better coding gain and higher throughput performance. Moreover, the degree of decoding parallelism and code length can be adjusted by changing the H-QC code construction parameters.
A NASA discovery has current applications in orthopaedics (2014)

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been actively used for nearly 40 yr, during which time it has been known to reduce pain, inflammation, and edema. It also has the ability to promote healing of wounds, including deep tissues and nerves, and prevent tissue damage through cell death. Much of the landmark research was done by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and these studies provided a springboard for many additional basic science studies. Few current clinical studies in orthopaedics have been performed, yet only in the past few years have basic science studies outlined the mechanisms of the effect of LLLT on the cell and subsequently the organism. This article reviews the basic science of LLLT, gives a historical perspective, and explains how it works, exposes the controversies and complications, and shows the new immediately applicable information in orthopaedics.
Experimental measurement and finite-element modeling of extraordinary optoconductance in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>GaAs</mml:mi><mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext><mml:mi>In</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>metal-semiconductor hybrid structures (2006)

We present a detailed discussion of extraordinary optoconductance (EOC). (Here optoconductance is synonymous with photoconductance.) Experimental data were acquired via macroscopic metal-semiconductor hybrid structures composed of $\mathrm{GaAs}$ and In and subjected to illumination from an Ar ion laser. A drift diffusion model using the finite element method (FEM) provided a reasonable fit to the data. EOC is explored as a function of laser position, bias current, laser power density, and temperature. The positional dependence of the voltage is accounted for by the Dember effect, with the model incorporating the excess hole distribution based on the carrier mobility, and thus the mean free path. The bias current is found to produce a linear voltage offset and does not influence the EOC. A linear relationship is found between the laser power density and the voltage in the bare and hybrid devices. This dependence is reproduced in the model by a generation rate parameter which is related to the power density. Incorporating the mobility and diffusion temperature dependence, the model directly parallels the temperature dependence of the EOC without the use of fitting parameters.
Transceiver front-end architectures using vibrating micromechanical signal processors (2002)

Transceiver architectures are proposed that best harness the tiny size, zero DC power dissipation, and ultra-high-Q of vibrating micromechanical resonator circuits. Among the more aggressive architectures proposed are one based on a micromechanical RF channel-selector and one featuring an all-MEMS RF front-end. These architectures maximize performance gains by using highly selective, low-loss micromechanical circuits on a massive scale, taking full advantage of Q versus power trade-offs. Micromechanical filters, mixer-filters, and switchable synthesizers are identified as key blocks capable of substantial power savings when used in the aforementioned architectures. As a result of this architectural exercise, more focused directions for further research and development in RF MEMS are identified.
Synthesis and anticancer activity of new flavonoid analogs and inconsistencies in assays related to proliferation and viability measurements (2014)

Flavonoids have been studied intensely for their ability to act as anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-aging agents and are often marketed as supplements related to their anti-inflammatory activity. Previous studies have primarily focused on the effects of polar natural flavonoids. We examined the activity of novel hydrophobic and lipophilic flavonols against human DU-145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines. All flavonol analogs were more active than the naturally occurring flavonols quercetin, kaempferol, kaempferide and galangin. The most potent analogs were 6.5-fold more active against DU-145 and PC-3 cells than quercetin and fell within the biologically relevant concentration range (low micromolar). We also evaluated the potential toxic effects of flavonol analogs on normal cells, an assessment that has frequently been ignored when studying the anticancer effects of flavonoids. During these analyses, we discovered that various metabolic and DNA staining assays were unreliable methods for assessing cell viability of flavonoids. Flavonoids reduce colorimetric dyes such as MTT and Alamar Blue in the absence of cells. We showed that flavonol-treated prostate cancer cells were stained less intensely with crystal violet than untreated cells at non-toxic concentrations. The trypan blue exclusion assay was selected as a reliable alternative for measuring cell viability.
Monitoring of Cardiorespiratory Signals Using Thermal Imaging: A Pilot Study on Healthy Human Subjects (2018)

Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) are important parameters for patient assessment. However, current measurement techniques require attachment of sensors to the patient’s body, often leading to discomfort, stress and even pain. A new algorithm is presented for monitoring both HR and RR using thermal imaging. The cyclical ejection of blood flow from the heart to the head (through carotid arteries and thoracic aorta) leads to periodic movements of the head; these vertical movements are used to assess HR. Respiratory rate is estimated by using temperature fluctuations under the nose during the respiratory cycle. To test the viability and feasibility of this approach, a pilot study was conducted with 20 healthy subjects (aged 18⁻36 and 1 aged 50 years). The study consisted of two phases: phase A (frontal view acquisitions) and phase B (side view acquisitions). To validate the results, photoplethysmography and thoracic effort (piezoplethysmography) were simultaneously recorded. High agreement between infrared thermography and ground truth/gold standard was achieved. For HR, the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) for phases A and B were 3.53 ± 1.53 and 3.43 ± 1.61 beats per minute, respectively. For RR, the RMSE between thermal imaging and piezoplethysmography stayed around 0.71 ± 0.30 breaths per minute (phase A). This study demonstrates that infrared thermography may be a promising, clinically relevant alternative for the assessment of HR and RR.
Ionic Liquids in Perspective: The Past with an Eye Toward the Industrial Future (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Determination of the Composition of Commercial Tannin Extracts by Liquid Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (LSIMS) (1996)

The composition of various commercial tannin extracts were determined by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS). Spectra were obtained directly from tannin extracts without any pre-separation. Eight different tannin powders were analysed: three gallotannins (Chinese, Turkish, tara), three ellagitannins (sweet chestnut, pendunculata oak, sessile oak), one mixed hydrolysable tannin (myrabolans) and one proanthocyanidin (grape seeds). This method enabled the main molecules in these powders to be identified.