gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Syntheses of Benzothiazepines as Antagonists for the Mitochondrial Sodium−Calcium Exchanger:  Potential Therapeutics for Type II Diabetes (2002)

Type II diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that can lead to serious cardiovascular, renal, neurologic, and retinal complications. While several drugs are currently prescribed to treat type II diabetes, their efficacy is limited by mechanism-related side effects (weight gain, hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal distress), inadequate efficacy for use as monotherapy, and the development of tolerance to the agents. Consequently, combination therapies are frequently employed to effectively regulate blood glucose levels. We have focused on the mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger (mNCE) as a novel target for diabetes drug discovery. We have proposed that inhibition of the mNCE can be used to regulate calcium flux across the mitochondrial membrane, thereby enhancing mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, which in turn enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in the pancreatic beta-cell. In this paper, we report the facile synthesis of benzothiazepines and derivatives by S-alkylation using 2-aminobenzhydrols. The syntheses of other bicyclic analogues based on benzothiazepine, benzothiazecine, benzodiazecine, and benzodiazepine templates are also described. These compounds have been evaluated for their inhibition of mNCE activity, and the results from the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies are discussed.
Criteria for the first order Freedericksz transitions (2002)

Abstract This paper summarizes the exact criteria for the first order Fréedericksz transition to occur in magnetically, electrically or optically driven liquid crystal cells. All these criteria are in terms of the material parameters, cell geometrical parameters and surface anchoring parameters.
The expression of decorin in human ovarian tumors. (2002)

Decorin protein expression was not detected in ovarian cancer cells. Decorin transcripts were produced and probably translated, but the protein was probably degraded by the ubiquitination pathway. We present evidence that stromal decorin of ovarian tumors was made by myofibroblasts. We also propose that decorin may be a tumor suppressor gene that is inactivated during epithelial cell development.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3c,4r,5t‐1,2‐Dimethyl‐3,5‐diaryl Pyrazolidine‐4‐carboxylic Acid via Intermolecular [3<sup>+</sup> + 2] Cycloaddition. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
FTZ-F1-related orphan receptors in Xenopus laevis: transcriptional regulators differentially expressed during early embryogenesis. (1994)

Orphan receptors of the FTZ-F1-related group of nuclear receptors (xFF1r) were identified in Xenopus laevis by isolation of cDNAs from a neurula stage library. Two cDNAs were found, which encode full length, highly related receptor proteins, xFF1rA and B, whose closet relative known so far is the murine LRH-1 orphan receptor. xFF1rA protein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus system specifically binds to FTZ-F1 response elements (FRE; PyCAAGGPyCPu). In cotransfection studies, xFF1rA constitutively activates transcription, in a manner dependent on the number of FREs. The amounts of at least four mRNAs encoding full-length receptors greatly increase between gastrula and early tailbud stages and decrease at later stages. At early tailbud stages, xFTZ-F1-related antigens are found in all nuclei of the embryo.
Aging and Postural Control (1990)

Two different balance testing methods were compared: (1) measurement of spontaneous postural sway during quiet standing, and (2) measurement of induced postural sway in response to an applied postural perturbation. Eyes-open tests were performed in 64 healthy young and elderly adults and in five elderly subjects with a history of falling. In both balance tests, the sway was defined in terms of the displacement of the center of pressure on the feet. Spontaneous sway was quantified using a number of different amplitude- and frequency-based parameters. Induced sway was measured in response to anterior-posterior acceleration of a platform on which the subject stood. The induced-sway test was specially designed to be safe and nonthreatening for elderly subjects; thus, the platform perturbation was confined to small accelerations and a gentle pseudorandom motion was used. To derive a measure of postural stability, the data from this test were fitted with a model that was then used to predict the response to sudden (transient) perturbations, thereby simulating the response in actual falls. Although both induced- and spontaneous-sway measures demonstrated significant aging-related decreases in stability, the differences were more pronounced for the induced-sway data. Conversely, some of the spontaneous-sway measures were much more successful in distinguishing the fallers from the nonfallers. There was a significant correlation between induced-sway and certain spontaneous-sway measures in the normal young adults; however, in the elderly normals and fallers, the data from the two types of balance tests either showed no correlation or, for certain spontaneous-sway measures, tended to show an inverse relationship.
SARS-CoV-2 in Aerosols (2020)

In our efforts to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, a critical question to answer is how the virus is transmitted. If it acts like the SARS
Getting the Noise Out of Gene Arrays (2004)

Thousands of papers have reported results obtained using gene arrays, which track the activity of multiple genes simultaneously. But are these results reproducible?
Transcriptional repression of the C/EBP-alpha and GLUT4 genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Regulations is coordinate and independent of protein synthesis. (1992)

We have previously demonstrated the ability of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) to down-regulate the expression of GLUT4 (insulin-responsive glucose transporter) and C/EBP-alpha (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) (Stephens J. M., and Pekala, P. H. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 21839-21845). As C/EBP-alpha has been suggested to control GLUT4 expression, we have examined the time course for attenuation of transcription of these genes. Run-on transcription assays indicate a coordinate transcriptional repression of both GLUT4 and C/EBP-alpha genes (as well as the 422/aP2 gene, the adipocyte lipid-binding protein, whose expression has also been proposed to be controlled by C/EBP-alpha). Inhibition of transcription was observed within 1 h of TNF addition, with maximal suppression observed after 4 h. The inhibition was not blocked by cycloheximide. Okadaic acid treatment (1 h, 0.5 microM) also resulted in the coordinate transcriptional repression of the C/EBP-alpha, GLUT4, and 422/aP2 genes, consistent with involvement of a kinase-phosphatase system in the regulation of these genes. The decrease in C/EBP-alpha protein content was detectable 4 h after TNF addition and declined to 25% of controls within 24 h. A minor decrease in the protein content of GLUT4 was observed during the first 24 h of exposure to TNF; however, after 72 h of exposure GLUT4 protein was not detectable. The rapid coordinate transcriptional regulation of C/EBP-alpha, GLUT4, and 422/aP2 by TNF in the presence of cycloheximide suggests that the TNF-induced loss of GLUT4 protein may be mediated by a post-translational modification of an existing transcription factor. However, the rapid loss of C/EBP-alpha protein may be a contributing factor to further transcriptional suppression of the GLUT4 gene at the later time points. In addition to the transcriptional effect, we report that TNF-induced destabilization of these mRNAs contributes to decreased expression of all three genes.
A Variable, Fully Flexible Dynamic Response Tool for Special Investigations (VarLoads) (2003)

A simulation environment is presented for special structural dynamics investigations. The environment is characterised by a modular software structure and an object-oriented data-structure. The aircraft model and equation of motion can easily be adapted to the required level of detail. An integrated, fully flexible aircraft model is the basis for the simulations. The novelty of the approach lies in the combination of the above mentioned characteristics. It is demonstrated that this combination makes the software environment ideally suited for special studies ranging from the preliminary design stage on to in-flight incident investigations.
Ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogen-deuterium exchange in alcohols. Method for deuterium labeling of primary alcohols (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRuthenium-catalyzed hydrogen-deuterium exchange in alcohols. Method for deuterium labeling of primary alcoholsSteven L. RegenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 2, 260–261Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00916a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00916a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Halothane-inhalation system for using atracurium in rats. (1990)

This report describes an inhalation anesthetic technique employed in rats. Polyethylene-glycol 400 (PEG 400) was first designed to combine with halothane to produce a slow-releasing system of vaporized halothane. This design provided adequate anesthetic levels for treating with atracurium, a new neuromuscular blocking agent. Furthermore, isoflurane was also used in this study to examine this inhalation system for treating with atracurium. The efficient concentrations of inhalated anesthetics for adequate anesthesia when combining with PEG were 0.15% and 0.1% for halothane and isoflurane, respectively. This safe efficient state of anesthesia was maintained throughout the experimental course for treating atracurium, and might be used in clinical trials.
Literature at the Human-Computer Seam (2000)

Some of the technology-generated changes may not have a measurable effect on the end literary product: despite the lamentations of many writers, it is not clear whether the physical act of writing on a word processor truly changes the written document. In the same vein, though it is astonishing that a book can be written in the United States, edited in Switzerland, typeset in India, and proofread in Scotland, all without once manifesting itself on paper, it is not clear how transportation over wires is qualitatively different from transportation via tramp steamer or cargo airplane, and whether it changes the substance of the final work.
Nanostructuring with femtosecond laser pulses (2000)

Summary form only given. During the past years it has been demonstrated that femtosecond lasers are excellent tools for microstructuring of nearly all kinds of solid materials. In this paper investigations of possibilities to go further and to produce sub-wavelength, nanometer-sized structures with femtosecond pulses are reported.
CAPABILITIES OF RECONSTRUCTED NETWORKS (2006)

The functional states of reconstructed networks are directly related to cellular phenotypes. With reconstructed networks represented in the form of S, we can use mathematics to compute their candidate functional states of reconstructed networks. If one adopts the informatics point of view of S and its annotated information as biochemically, genetically, and genomically (BIGG) structured database, then these in silico methods are viewed as query tools. Whether viewed from an informatic or mathematical standpoint, the result of applying in silico analysis methods is the study of network properties, sometimes called emergent properties. These properties represent functionalities of the whole network and are hard to decipher from a list of its individual components. In some sense, these properties are a reflection of the hierarchical nature of living systems. A variety of methods have been developed to examine the properties of genome-scale networks. The third part of this text summarizes the in silico methods that have been developed and deployed to date. The development and application of such methods is the focus of a growing number of researchers worldwide, and we can thus anticipate that there will be much progress in this field over the coming years.
A Reversible Change between Lithium Zirconate and Zirconia in Molten Carbonate (1999)

The stabilities of lithium zirconate (Li2ZrO3) and zirconia in molten carbonates were tested. There are some disputes about the stable zirconium compound in molten carbonates. We considered a possible reversible change between lithium zirconate and zirconia by means of the thermodynamic calculation and experiments. All results suggest that the change not only depends on temperature and CO2 partial pressure but also on the presence of molten carbonates, e.g., alkali carbonate in molar ratio of Li : K = 62 : 38. In the presence of the molten carbonates, the change proceeds reversibly.
Experiments in Single and Multi-Document Summarization Using MEAD (2001)

In this paper, we describe four experiments in text summarization. The first experiment involves the automatic creation of 120 multi-document summaries and 308 single-document summaries from a set of 30 clusters of related documents. We present official results from a multi-site manual evaluation of the quality of the summaries. The second experiment is about the identification by human subjects of cross-document structural relationships such as identity, paraphrase, elaboration, and fulfillment. The third experiment focuses on a particular cross-document structural relationship, namely subsumption. The last experiment asks human judges to determine which of the input articles in a given cluster were used to produce individual sentences of a manual summary. We present numerical evaluations of all four experiments. All automatic summaries have been produced by MEAD, a flexible summarization system under development at the University of Michigan. 1.
Diagonal motion partitions for inter prediction in HEVC (2016)

This paper presents diagonal motion partitions (DMP) for inter prediction in HEVC. In addition to the square and rectangular partitions, we propose to add diagonal shaped partitions to match different motion parts with oblique boundaries. Considering the overlap of pixels along the partition boundaries, the calculation of sum of absolute differences (SAD) and the motion compensation for the pixels on the boundaries are weighted. Besides, the residues of a diagonal prediction unit (PU) are augmented to form a rectangular one, so as to perform Hadamard transform on the residues. We also revise the advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) and merge candidates based on the diagonal motion partitions. Experimental results show that on average 0.8%-1.0% BD-rate reduction can be achieved by DMP.
Highlight lines for surface quality control and shape manipulation. (1993)

Highlight lines are a new type of viewer-independent reflection lines for more effective and efficient surface quality assessment and shape manipulation. In this dissertation, the concept of the highlight line is introduced and extended into highlight bands and band boundary curves. Forms and properties of highlight lines are shown, and their application to surface quality evaluation are demonstrated. Two highlight band algorithms are presented, one utilizing a point-selecting approach and the other a polygon-partitioning mechanism. Both algorithms allow the real-time generation of color-coded highlight bands in response to various user interactions. Highlight line and highlight band boundary creation is formulated into a surface-plane intersection problem. This problem is solved numerically using an efficient traced contour-line approach, resulting in a robust algorithm with real-time response. Based on the implicit function theorem, a method is devised that enables the user to directly modify a highlight line in parametric space of a NURBS surface, and automatically adjusts the surface shape by computing the required changes in the control point positions. This method is then generalized to allow modification in both object and parametric space, simultaneously. Furthermore, an editable shape function is introduced that propagates control point changes over the domain and provides the user with flexible control over the character of the resulting surface geometry. The significance of this body of research is the introduction of an intuitive smoothness indicator, the highlight line, and the development of a method that allows the direct modification of this smoothness indicator. The direct highlight line modification requires the solution of a difficult inverse problem that automates the necessary surface adjustment in a single step. Compared with conventional methods where surface features are modified indirectly through the movement of control points, an iterative and time-consuming process, the new techniques presented in this dissertation are direct, create results with real-time response, and provide the user with significant flexibility in achieving design objectives.
Measured Steps Advance the Understanding of Molecular Motors (1995)

Our bodies contain myriad motors to produce mechanical work. We're only too aware of the muscles that propel our limbs or pump our hearts; less noticed are the minuscule molecular motors at the cellular level that accomplish such chores as transporting organelles. All these actions involve motor proteins, enzymes that convert the chemical energy stored in the molecule adenosine triphosphate—known as ATP—into mechanical energy. Exactly how they channel the energy into rectified motion remains a compelling mystery.
Extended Core 1 and Core 2 Branched O-Glycans Differentially Modulate Sialyl Lewis x-type L-selectin Ligand Activity (2003)

It has been established that sialyl Lewis x in core 2 branched O-glycans serves as an E- and P-selectin ligand. Recently, it was discovered that 6-sulfosialyl Lewis x in extended core 1 O-glycans, NeuNAcalpha2-->3Galbeta1-->4(Fucalpha1-->3(sulfo-->6))GlcNAcbeta1--> 3Galbeta1-->3GalNAcalpha1-->Ser/Thr, functions as an L-selectin ligand in high endothelial venules. Extended core 1 O-glycans can be synthesized when a core 1 extension enzyme is present. In this study, we first show that beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-3 (beta3GlcNAcT-3) is almost exclusively responsible for core 1 extension among seven different beta3GlcNAcTs and thus acts on core 1 O-glycans attached to PSGL-1. We found that transcripts encoding beta3GlcNAcT-3 were expressed in human neutrophils and lymphocytes but that their levels were lower than those of transcripts encoding core 2 beta1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (Core2GlcNAcT-I). Neutrophils also expressed transcripts encoding fucosyltransferase VII (FucT-VII) and Core2GlcNAcT-I, whereas lymphocytes expressed only small amounts of transcripts encoding FucT-VII. To determine the roles of sialyl Lewis x in extended core 1 O-glycans, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were stably transfected to express PSGL-1, FucT-VII, and either beta3GlcNAcT-3 or Core2GlcNAcT-I. Glycan structural analyses disclosed that PSGL-1 expressed in these transfected cells carried comparable amounts of sialyl Lewis x in extended core 1 and core 2 branched O-glycans. In a rolling assay, CHO cells expressing sialyl Lewis x in extended core 1 O-glycans supported a significant degree of shear-dependent tethering and rolling of neutrophils and lymphocytes, although less than CHO cells expressing sialyl Lewis x in core 2 branched O-glycans. These results indicate that sialyl Lewis x in extended core 1 O-glycans can function as an L-selectin ligand and is potentially involved in neutrophil adhesion on neutrophils bound to activated endothelial cells.
Fe-Doped LiNbO_3 for Read–Write Applications (1974)

High erase sensitivity is observed in heavily reduced crystals of Fe-doped LiNbO(3). Only 12 mJ/cm(2) of incident 4880-A radiation erases a hologram, nearly 3 orders of magnitude less energy than previously required. However, the maximum diffraction efficiency that can be reached in these crystals is substantially reduced. These results are shown to be consistent with an extremely low density of Fe(3+) ions. The crystals are resistant to optical scattering effects usually observed in Fe-doped LiNbO(3).
Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) as Electrode Material in Electrochemical Capacitors (1997)

We have investigated the conjugated polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as electrode material in electrochemical supercapacitor. The conjugated polymer is prepared by chemical polymerization in the form of thin films on nonconducting plastic substrates. One film is electrochemically reduced to the neutral state, while the other is kept in the as-prepared, doped state. The films are thin immersed in a liquid organic electrolyte. In the charged state the supercapacitor cell voltage is 0.8 V and the energy density is measured to 1 to 4 Wh/kg of active electrode material, depending on the current density used during discharge. The power density (delivered energy/discharge time) also depends on the current density and at the highest current densities investigated (1 mA/cm 2 ) it reaches 2.5 kW/kg of active electrode material.
Rolling guidance normal filter for geometric processing (2015)

3D geometric features constitute rich details of polygonal meshes. Their analysis and editing can lead to vivid appearance of shapes and better understanding of the underlying geometry for shape processing and analysis. Traditional mesh smoothing techniques mainly focus on noise filtering and they cannot distinguish different scales of features well, even mixing them up. We present an efficient method to process different scale geometric features based on a novel rolling-guidance normal filter. Given a 3D mesh, our method iteratively applies a joint bilateral filter to face normals at a specified scale, which empirically smooths small-scale geometric features while preserving large-scale features. Our method recovers the mesh from the filtered face normals by a modified Poisson-based gradient deformation that yields better surface quality than existing methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our method on a series of geometry processing tasks, including geometry texture removal and enhancement, coating transfer, mesh segmentation and level-of-detail meshing.