gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal-Anion Sorption by Chitosan Beads:  Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies (1998)

Chitosan is a well-known biopolymer, whose high nitrogen content confers remarkable ability for the sorption of metal ions from dilute effluents. However, its sorption performance in both equilibrium and kinetic terms is controlled by diffusion processes. Gel bead formation allows an expansion of the polymer network, which improves access to the internal sorption sites and enhances diffusion mechanisms. Molybdate and vanadate recovery using glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan beads reaches uptake capacities as high as 7−8 mmol g-1, depending on the pH. The optimum pH (3−3.5) corresponded to the predominance range of hydrolyzed polynuclear metal forms and optimum electrostatic attraction. While for beads, particle size does not influence equilibrium, for flakes, increasing sorbent radius significantly decreases uptake capacities to 1.5 mmol g-1. Sorption kinetics are mainly controlled by intraparticle diffusion for beads, while for flakes the controlling mechanisms are both external and intraparticle diffusions. The gel conditioning increases the intraparticle diffusivity by 3 orders of magnitude: intraparticle diffusivities range between 10-13 and 10-10 m2 min-1, depending on the sorbent size and the conditioning.
Innate Immunity and Human B Cell Clonal Expansion: Effects on the Recirculating B2 Subpopulation (2005)

Foci of autoantigen-specific B lymphocytes in nonlymphoid tissues have been associated with development of autoimmune disease. To better understand the genesis of such ectopic lymphoid tissue, this study investigated whether several B cell-tropic innate immune system molecules, known to be elevated in response to inflammatory stimuli, can cooperate in fostering the T cell-independent clonal expansion of mature human B2 cells under conditions of limiting BCR engagement. Notable synergy was observed between BCR coligation with the C3dg-binding CD21/CD19 costimulatory complex, B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF), and IL-4 in generating B cell progeny with sustained CD86 and DR expression. The synergy was observed over a wide range of BCR:ligand affinities and involved: 1) cooperative effects at promoting early cell cycle progression and viability; 2) BCR:CD21 coligation-promoted increases in BAFF receptors that were highly regulated by IL-4; 3) reciprocal effects of IL-4 and BAFF at dampening daughter cell apoptosis typical of stimulation by BCR:CD21 and either cytokine alone; and 4) BAFF-sustained expression of antiapoptotic Mcl-1 within replicating lymphoblasts. The results suggest that significant clonal proliferation of recirculating B2 cells occurs upon limited binding to C3dg-coated Ag in an inflammatory in vivo milieu containing both BAFF and IL-4. When rare autoantigen-presenting B cells undergo such expansions, both B cell and T cell autoimmunity may be promoted.
Numerical calculation of image motion and vibration modulation transfer functions: a new method (1991)

A new method of numerical calculation of MTF is presented here for image motion in one- dimension. The method is applicable in principle to any type of motion and can be expanded to two-dimensional motion. It is applied here to uniform velocity motion and to sinusoidal vibrations. Comparison to known analytical methods is made where possible, and agreement is excellent. This supports its implementation to any kind of random motion, particularly where no unique analytical MTF is possible.
Electrospun Nanofibre Membranes as Wound Dressing Materials (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Lipids in Human Milk (1984)

Recent work on lipid classes and the fatty acid composition of milk is reviewed. At least 98% of the lipids are triacylglycerols with about 1% phospholipids and 0.3-0.4% cholesterol. Desmosterol has been identified. The major phospholipids (% of total) are: sphingomyelin (32), phosphatidylcholine (25), and phosphatidylethanolamine (28). The 12:0 content of colostrum is lower than that of mature milk. The 18:2 content of mature milk can be altered by diet; otherwise, the fatty acid composition is remarkably constant. Long-chain polyunsaturates appear to be needed for development of the infant's brain and nervous system. Data on the contents of these acids are given. The fat-soluble vitamins have been analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The amounts of vitamins D and K in milk, unlike those of A and E, are lower than the quantities required to meet the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowances. Vitamin D sulfate does not appear to be a significant antirachitic component of human milk. Nutritional and analytical aspects are emphasized throughout and areas for future investigations indicated.
Signal design and courtship presentation coincide for highly biased delivery of an iridescent butterfly mating signal (2014)

Sensory drive theory contends that signaling systems should evolve to optimize transmission between senders and intended receivers, while minimizing visibility to eavesdroppers where possible. In visual communication systems, the high directionality afforded by iridescent coloration presents underappreciated avenues for mediating this trade-off. This hypothesis predicts functional links between signal design and presentation such that visual conspicuousness is maximized only under ecologically relevant settings and/or to select audiences. We addressed this prediction using Hypolimnas bolina, a butterfly in which males possess ultraviolet markings on their dorsal wing surfaces with a narrow angular reflectance function. Males bearing brighter dorsal markings are increasingly attractive to females, but also likely more conspicuous to predators. Our data indicate that, during courtship (and given the ritualized wingbeat dynamics at these times), males position themselves relative to females in such a way as to simultaneously maximize three components of known or putative signal conspicuousness: brightness, area, and iridescent flash. This suggests that male signal design and display have coevolved for the delivery of an optimally conspicuous signal to courted females. More broadly, these findings imply a potential signaling role for iridescence itself, and pose a novel example for how signal design may coevolve with the behavioral context of display.
Reasoning Analytically about Password-Cracking Software (2019)

A rich literature has presented efficient techniques for estimating password strength by modeling password-cracking algorithms. Unfortunately, these previous techniques only apply to probabilistic password models, which real attackers seldom use. In this paper, we introduce techniques to reason analytically and efficiently about transformation-based password cracking in software tools like John the Ripper and Hashcat. We define two new operations, rule inversion and guess counting, with which we analyze these tools without needing to enumerate guesses. We implement these techniques and find orders-of-magnitude reductions in the time it takes to estimate password strength. We also present four applications showing how our techniques enable increased scientific rigor in optimizing these attacks' configurations. In particular, we show how our techniques can leverage revealed password data to improve orderings of transformation rules and to identify rules and words potentially missing from an attack configuration. Our work thus introduces some of the first principled mechanisms for reasoning scientifically about the types of password-guessing attacks that occur in practice.
Human ERG-2 protein is a phosphorylated DNA-binding protein--a distinct member of the ets family. (1993)

We describe the identification of the ERG-2 gene products using an antibody raised against recombinant human ERG-2 protein. ERG-2 is a nuclear phosphoprotein and binds to purine-rich sequences (C/G)(C/a)GG-AA(G/a)T. ERG-2 protein, with a half-life of 21 h, is considerably more stable than the short-lived ETS-1 or ETS-2 proteins. Its phosphorylation is stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), but not by Ca2+ ionophore treatment. ETS-1 protein is phosphorylated by Ca(2+)-dependent events, whereas ERG-2 protein is phosphorylated by activation of protein kinase C, suggesting their involvement in distinct signal transduction mechanisms. The expression of ERG-2 protein is restricted to few cell types and is high in early myeloid cells, indicating that it may function at an early stage of hematopoietic lineage determination. The DNA-binding sequence for ERG-2 protein is identified by using a random oligonucleotide selection procedure. The selected sequence is very similar to the binding sequence determined for human ETS-1 using the same method. Like other ets proteins, ERG-2 is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein and is expressed at higher levels in early myeloid cells than in mature lymphoid cells. These results suggest that it may act as a regulator of genes required for maintenance and/or differentiation of early hematopoietic cells.
The nudeotide sequence of Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) dsRNA segment A reveals one large ORF encoding a precursor polyprotein (1986)

Journal Article The nudeotide sequence of Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) dsRNA segment A reveals one large ORF encoding a precursor polyprotein Get access R. Duncan, R. Duncan Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, University of GuelphGuelph, ONT, N1G2W1, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Dobos P. Dobos Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, University of GuelphGuelph, ONT, N1G2W1, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 14, Issue 14, 11 July 1986, Page 5934, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/14.14.5934 Published: 11 July 1986 Article history Received: 16 June 1986 Published: 11 July 1986
Casein micelle structure: a concise review (2005)

Milk is a complex biological fluid with high amount of proteins, lipid and minerals. The function of milk is to supply nutrients such as essential amino acids required for the growth of the newborn. In addition, due to the importance of casein and casein micelles for the functional behavior of dairy products, the nature and structure of casein micelles have been studied extensively. However, the exact structure of casein micelles is still under debate. Various models for casein micelle structure have been proposed. Most of the proposedmodels fall into three general categories, which are: coat-core, subunit (sub-micelles), and internal structure models. The coat-core models, proposed by Waugh and Nobel in 1965, Payens in 1966, Parry and Carroll in 1969, and Paquin and co-workers in 1987, describe the micelle as an aggregate of caseins with outer layer differing in composition form the interior, and the structure of the inner part is not accurately identified. The sub-micelle models, proposed by Morr in 1967, Slattery and Evard in 1973, Schmidt in 1980, Walstra in1984, and Ono and Obata in 1989, is considered to be composed of roughly spherical uniform subunits. The last models, the internal structure models, which were proposed by Rose in 1969, Garnier and Ribadeau- Dumas in 1970, Holt in 1992, and Horne in 1998, specify the mode of aggregation of the different caseins.
The Event Horizon User Interface Model for Small Devices (1999)

One of the scarcest resources in today&apos;s computing devices is screen space. This is particularly evident in the emerging pocket-sized devices such as PDAs, cellular tele- and dataphones, twoway pagers and wireless web browsers. In this paper, we introduce a new approach, called the event horizon user interface model that allows us to overcome some of the limitations. The key idea of the proposed model is that the display can be compressed and expanded by moving objects radially farther away or closer to an event horizon in the middle of the screen. In order to study the proposed model in detail, we have built an implementation called Radius for the Palm^TM connected organizer. The current Radius implementation will be illustrated and some future directions outlined.
A simple taboo-based soft-decision decoding algorithm for expander codes (1998)

We present a simple soft-decision decoding algorithm that modifies Sipser and Spielman's (see IEEE Trans, Inform. Theory, vol.42, p.1710-22, Nov. 1996) hard-decision sequential "bit-flipping" algorithm for decoding expander codes. The algorithm incorporates symbol reliability information and a simple "taboo" function that avoids repeated flipping of the same bit. The two algorithms have comparable simplicity, but simulations show that the soft-decision algorithm results in both improved performance and-because fewer decoding iterations are necessary-improved speed.
Degradation of a-factor by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating-type-specific endopeptidase: evidence for a role in recovery of cells from G1 arrest. (1991)

Mating response between opposite mating types of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is dependent upon alpha factor, a tridecapeptide, and a-factor, an isoprenylated, methyl esterified dodecapeptide whose interaction with the alpha target cell has not been characterized. We report on the first biochemical and physiological evidence of an alpha-mating-type-specific a-factor-degrading activity. Radioiodinated a-factor was used to identify the a-factor-degrading activity, which is cell associated, endoproteolytic, and not required for response to pheromone. a-factor degradation was not energy dependent, nor did it require pheromone internalization or interaction with its receptor. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and tosyl-L-arginyl-methyl ester inhibited degradation of a-factor and increased the time required by alpha cells to recover from a-factor-induced growth arrest and morphological alteration, providing evidence that a-factor degradation plays a role in the recovery of alpha cells from the pheromone response.
A Survey of Payment Approaches for Identity Federations in Focus of the SAML Technology (2013)

Identity Federations are increasingly being used to establish convenient and secure attribute-based authentication and authorization systems. Whilst this process began mainly in the academic sector, it is assumed that over the next few years more and more commercial Service Providers will join Identity Federations in order to offer their services and products to federated customers. However, the introduction of commercial Service Providers demands a solution for payment, which has not been deployed during the early years of Identity Federations. Thus, Service Providers have to implement not only the federation application, but also additional payment solutions; a problem, by which the federation may appear unattractive for Service Providers, especially semi-commercial or those requiring micropayments. Even for large commercial providers entering a federation, the lack of payment support is a major disadvantage that may lead to either customer or profit loss. Thus, although a combination of electronic Payment solutions and Identity Federation approaches would provide several benefits to its participants, there has not been much investigation of such combinations. Therefore, this paper analyses electronic payment approaches as well as Identity Federation mechanisms and focuses on a solution to bridge these two aspects. Besides early stages of identity-based payments, final full integrated SAML-based payment approaches, which merge payments and Identity Federation into a powerful business solution, are also highlighted. However, since security is a major concern when focusing on payment solutions, several approaches have been investigated, including security and privacy evaluations, and, within this survey, only those solutions providing a sufficient level of security and privacy have been taken into consideration.
A Millimeter Wave Oscillator Using Newly Developed Hermetically Sealed IMPATT Diode (2005)

A millimeter wave oscillator that utilizes a silicon DDR IMPATT diode hermetically sealed in a mechanically-rugged ceramic type package with a diamond heat sink, has been developed. The oscillator is capable of delivering 100-150mW output power at 80 GHz band.
Two Spx Proteins Modulate Stress Tolerance, Survival, and Virulence in<i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (2010)

ABSTRACT Previous work suggested that the underlying mechanisms by which the Streptococcus mutans ClpXP protease affects virulence traits are associated with accumulation of two orthologues of the Spx regulator, named SpxA and SpxB. Here, a thorough characterization of strains lacking the spx genes (Δ spxA , Δ spxB , and Δ spxA Δ spxB ) revealed that Spx, indeed, participates in the regulation of processes associated with S. mutans pathogenesis. The Δ spxA strain displayed impaired ability to grow under acidic and oxidative stress conditions and had diminished long-term viability at low pH. Although the Δ spxB strain did not show any inherent stress-sensitive phenotype, the phenotypes observed in Δ spxA were more pronounced in the Δ spxA Δ spxB double mutant. By using two in vivo models, we demonstrate for the first time that Spx is required for virulence in a Gram-positive pathogen. Microarrays confirmed the global regulatory role of SpxA and SpxB. In particular, SpxA was shown to positively regulate genes associated with oxidative stress, a finding supported by enzymatic assays. SpxB had a secondary role in regulation of oxidative stress genes but appeared to play a larger role in controlling processes associated with cell wall homeostasis. Given the high degree of conservation between Spx proteins of low-GC Gram-positive bacteria, these results are likely to have broad implications.
Simian virus 40 large T antigen directed by transcriptional elements of the human surfactant protein C gene produces pulmonary adenocarcinomas in transgenic mice. (1992)

A model of pulmonary adenocarcinomas was produced in transgenic mice harboring a chimeric gene comprising the SV40 large T antigen under the control of a transcriptional region derived from the human surfactant protein C (SP-C) gene. Transgenic mice succumbed with pulmonary tumors within 4-5 months of age. By histology, the tumors were adenocarcinomas with lepidic, papillary, and solid growth patterns that were indistinguishable from adenocarcinomas occurring in humans. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated the lack of staining for neuroendocrine markers, consistent with the identification of the tumors as non-small cell rather than small cell carcinomas. The presence of SV40 large T mRNA in the lung and tumors was detected by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis. Exogenous SV40 large T mRNA and endogenous CC10 (a nonciliated respiratory epithelial cell marker) and SP-C (a Type II alveolar cell marker) mRNAs were expressed at variable levels in the lung tumors. SV40 large T mRNA and CC10 mRNA were detected in the majority of tumors, while SP-C mRNA was detected less frequently. The heterogeneity of bronchiolar and alveolar cell markers in the tumors from the transgenic mice supports the concept that tumorigenesis was initiated in distinct subsets of epithelial cells that produce characteristic adenocarcinomas of the lung.
The determination of transition noise by Lorentz electron microscopy (1989)

The transition noise in a highly oriented magnetic film medium is analyzed with reference to the development of quantitative techniques to relate micromagnetic domain images obtained by Lorentz electron microscopy to the measured noise and signal for the medium. In general, the agreement between electronically derived and image-derived noise is excellent. It is demonstrated that micromagnetic imaging and analysis for this type of recording medium is sufficiently quantitative to justify using Lorentz micrographs to explore the origin and nature of transition noise. The proper interpretation of spectral analyses of finite field-of-view images is also clarified, i.e. it is shown that for noise analysis, only the minima of the spectra potentially contain valid noise information. The lobes contain mostly (scattered) signal information.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Update on endocrine therapy for breast cancer. (1998)

The choice of endocrine agent for breast cancer depends on the menopausal status of the patient, the stage of disease, prognostic factors, and the toxicity profile of the agent. Endocrine therapies are typically given sequentially, with the least toxic therapy given first. Tamoxifen is considered first-line endocrine therapy for all stages of breast cancer. New antiestrogens in development include nonsteroidal agents related to tamoxifen and pure steroidal antiestrogens. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists are an effective form of endocrine therapy for premenopausal women with advanced breast cancer, and aromatase inhibitors are effective in postmenopausal women. Newer and more selective aromatase inhibitors that are p.o. active and have improved side-effect profiles have been developed. Recent trials have found these agents to improve survival in comparison to the progestins; thus, aromatase inhibitors are replacing progestins as second-line therapy for metastatic disease. Current trials are examining the potential role of aromatase inhibitors as first-line therapy for metastatic disease or as adjuvant therapy for early disease. The antiprogestins and antiandrogens studied thus far have had only limited success in breast cancer clinical trials.
The purification and properties of placental histaminase (1967)

1. Histaminase was extracted from desanguinated human placentae and purified by salt fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The purest preparation was still contaminated with haptoglobin-methaemoglobin. 2. Histaminase activity was measured by the o-aminobenzaldehyde method of Holmstedt & Tham (1959), Kapeller-Adler's (1951) test and a modified spectrophotometric indigodisulphonate test of greater sensitivity. 3. Unless contaminant metal ions were removed, enzymic activity on cadaverine, but not on histamine, fell during purification. When EDTA was added to the working buffers, a constant ratio between activities towards cadaverine and histamine was maintained throughout the later stages of purification, and activities towards the two substrates could not be separated by any of the highly resolving chromatographic analyses employed. 4. The purest preparation oxidized histamine, agmatine and benzylamine more slowly than the C(4)-C(6) aliphatic diamines, but mixed-substrate experiments suggested that all these amines were substrates of histaminase. 5. The substrate and inhibitor specificities of placental histaminase were compared with those of related enzymes from other sources.