gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full chip thermal analysis of planar (2-D) and vertically integrated (3-D) high performance ICs (2002)

This work presents a full chip thermal analysis of 2-D high performance ICs based on technological, structural, and material data from ITRS '99. It is shown that interconnect Joule heating in advanced technology nodes can strongly impact the magnitude of the maximum temperature within 2-D chips despite negligible change in the chip power density, as per the ITRS. This result has been shown to have significant implications for interconnect reliability and performance not foreseeable by the ITRS. Furthermore, detailed thermal analysis of vertically integrated (3-D) ICs has been carried out using analytical modeling and numerical simulations. Additionally, comparison between the thermal design of two alternative 3-D technologies has been presented for the first time using ITRS data.
A Janus-Wedge DNA Triplex with A-W<sub>1</sub>-T and G-W<sub>2</sub>-C Base Triplets (2008)

A new type of double-stranded DNA targeting format by formation of a Janus-Wedge (J-W) triple helix is described. The "wedge" residue W1 is used for A-T and T-A base pairs while W2 is used for G-C and C-G base pairs. Both wedge residues are attached to a PNA backbone that is designed to insert the probe strand into double-stranded DNA and base pair with both Watson-Crick faces. To study the stability of such an assembly, we have examined the formation of the J-W triplex with various sequences.
Genetic determinants of antifungal resistance in Candida species (2016)

In the previous decades, it has been an increase in cases of resistance to antifungal agents used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Candida species. The emergence of resistance to drug classes, it is usually explained by genome alterations ranging from point mutations to gain or loss of whole chromosomes. Therefore, identify and understand into the molecular mechanisms that underlie resistance of the Candida spp. is important because this information can provide appropriate treatments in emergency candidemia cases. In this sense, this review have the aim of discuss about the genetic variations associated the antifungal resistance in Candida spp. Key words: Antifungal agents, candidiasis, molecular characterization, mutations, overexpression.
Development of a biologically active Guglielmi detachable coil for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Part I: in vitro study. (2000)

Ion implantation in combination with protein coating improves the strength of surface cell adhesion when exposed to flow shear stress and proteolytic enzymes. Strong endothelial cell adhesion is reported to be important to achieve earlier endothelialization across the neck of an embolized aneurysm with bioactive GDCs. This new technology may improve long-term anatomic outcome in cerebral aneurysms treated with GDCs.
K-Nearest Neighbor Classification Rule (pattern recognition) applied to nuclear magnetic resonance spectral interpretation (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTK-Nearest Neighbor Classification Rule (pattern recognition) applied to nuclear magnetic resonance spectral interpretationB. R. Kowalski and C. F. BenderCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 8, 1405–1411Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60316a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60316a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views718Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peroxynitrite Protects Neurons against Nitric Oxide-mediated Apoptosis (2003)

Peroxynitrite is thought to be a nitric oxide-derived neurotoxic effector molecule involved in the disruption of key energy-related metabolic targets. To assess the consequences of such interference in cellular glucose metabolism and viability, we studied the possible modulatory role played by peroxynitrite in glucose oxidation in neurons and astrocytes in primary culture. Here, we report that peroxynitrite triggered rapid stimulation of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity and the accumulation of NADPH, an essential cofactor for glutathione regeneration. In contrast to peroxynitrite, nitric oxide elicited NADPH depletion, glutathione oxidation, and apoptotic cell death in neurons, but not in astrocytes. These events were noticeably counteracted by pretreatment of neurons with peroxynitrite. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism responsible for this PPP stimulation and neuroprotection, we found evidence consistent with both exogenous and endogenous peroxynitrite-mediated activation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), an enzyme that catalyzes the first rate-limiting step in the PPP. Moreover, functional overexpression of the G6PD gene in stably transformed PC12 cells induced NADPH accumulation and offered remarkable resistance against nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis, whereas G6PD gene-targeted antisense inhibition depleted NADPH levels and exacerbated cellular vulnerability. In light of these results, we suggest that G6PD activation represents a novel role for peroxynitrite in neuroprotection against nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis.
The codifying of tree-structure (1953)

1. The mathematician's tree is a collection of pairs of elements, conveniently called points. A pair of points is a link, and a collection of links is a tree if any two of the points from which the links are formed can be connected by a chain, and if there are no closed chains. A tree is determined if there is provided a complete schedule of the links composing the tree. Conversely, no description of a tree can be adequate unless a complete schedule is recoverable from the description. An arbitrary schedule of links does not usually describe a tree, and the object of this note is to give canonical schedules for the most general finite tree, and to specify these schedules as economically as possible. The fundamental result established is that the structure of a tree with n points can be encoded in a row of n − 2 symbols each of which may stand for any one of the points. Cayley's theorem, that the number of different trees with n given points is n n −2 , is an immediate corollary.
Electroless Nickel Resistors Formed on IMST Substrate (1981)

Ni-P alloy resistors electrolessly plated on a unique insulated metal substrate technology (IMST) substrate are described. The construction of the IMST substrate with electroless nickel resistors is presented. The resistor fabrication processes are shown. The obtained practical sheet resistivity of electroless nickel resistors was 0.5-20 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Omega</tex> / <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">box</tex> . Laser trimming was utilized to produce resistors with a tolerance of ±0.1 percent; and a resistance range from 0.1 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Omega</tex> to 100 k <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Omega</tex> . The thermal coefficient of resistance (TCR) was closely related to the phosphorus content. A TCR of +80 ppm/°C minimum was obtained. The eleetroless nickel resistors exhibited excellent stability in various life and high power dissipation tests. Applications to audio power hybrid integrated circuits(IC's) and resistor arrays are shown.
The Research on Network Security Visualization Key Technology (2012)

Managing complex enterprise networks requires an understanding at a fine granularity than traditional network monitoring. The ability to correlate and visualize the dynamics and inter-relationships among various network components such as hosts, users, and applications is non-trivial. Network security visualization is a highlighted topic of network security research in recent years, The existing research situation of network security visualization is analyzed. the paper first proposed the network security situation awareness model, and analysis network security situation awareness method, at last, and designed and implemented the security situation visualization prototype system based on geographic information systems, network topology graph, attack paths. The security situation data show in multiple views, multi-angle, multi-level display to the user by visualization technology, therefore the performance of the security situation will be more accurate and vivid, assessment of network security situation become timely and accurate, laying the foundation for rapid decision-making.
Colonic Transit Time in Constipated Children: Does Pediatric Slow-Transit Constipation Exist? (1996)

In adults, slow-transit constipation is a well-established form of constipation with abdominal pain and an empty rectum on examination. Marker studies in these patients, mainly women, show a markedly slowed transit time in all colonic segments. No studies in constipated children are available that assess the existence of slow-transit constipation. In a prospective study, a total of 94 referred constipated pediatric patients, 63 boys and 31 girls (median age, 8.0 years), underwent colonic-transit-time measurements using radioopaque markers to evaluate the pattern of transit. In addition, orocecal-transit-time measurements using the hydrogen breath (lactulose) test, anorectal manometry, and behavior studies using the Child Behavior Checklist were performed in all children. Based on the upper limit (mean + 2 SD) of total colonic transit time (CTT) in constipated children, we arbitrarily separated patients into two groups. Children with CTTs > 100 h were said to have pediatric slow-transit constipation (PSTC), while patients with CTTs < 100 h were said to have normal- or delayed-transit constipation (NDTC). In 94 constipated children, PSTC was found in 24 children; in 70 children, total CTT was < 100 h (NDTC). Total and segmental CTTs were significantly prolonged in PSTC (median, 189 h; range, 104.4-384) versus NDTC (median, 46.8 h; range, 3.6-99.4) hours. No significant differences were found in orocecal transit time. Significant clinical differences in children with PSTC versus those with NDTC existed regarding nighttime soiling (71 vs. 11%); daytime soiling episodes (14 vs. 7 each week, median), and nighttime soiling episodes (5 vs. 0 each week, median); absent urge to defecate (33 vs. 14%); and palpable abdominal (71 vs. 39%) and/or rectal (71 vs. 13%) masses. All manometric parameters were comparable in the two groups, except for a significantly lower maximal squeeze pressure with PSTC. Using the Child Behavior Checklist, both groups differed significantly from controls (26 and 43%, respectively), with no significant differences in behavior problems found between the NDTC and the PSTC groups. In conclusion, based on objective marker studies, our findings suggest the existence of pediatric slow-transit constipation. This entity can be recognized by clinical features, most importantly nighttime soiling and a palpable rectal mass. The probability of PSTC with both of these symptoms was 0.82; in the absence of these two symptoms, it was 0.07. It is of interest that CTTs in PSTC are comparable with CTTs in adults with slow-transit constipation, although the clinical presentation is clearly different. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the prolonged CTT characterizes a distinct form of constipation in children or is an epiphenomenon of the underlying constipation itself. The mechanisms responsible for the slow transit in these children and the appropriate therapeutic approach need to be studied.
Common Commercial and Consumer Products Contain Activators of the Aryl Hydrocarbon (Dioxin) Receptor (2013)

Activation of the Ah receptor (AhR) by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs), such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin), can produce a wide variety of toxic and biological effects. While recent studies have shown that the AhR can bind and be activated by structurally diverse chemicals, how widespread of these AhR agonists are in environmental, biological and synthetic materials remains to be determined. Using AhR-based assays, we demonstrate the presence of potent AhR agonists in a variety of common commercial and consumer items. Solvent extracts of paper, rubber and plastic products contain chemicals that can bind to and stimulate AhR DNA binding and/or AhR-dependent gene expression in hepatic cytosol, cultured cell lines, human epidermis and zebrafish embryos. In contrast to TCDD and other persistent dioxin-like HAHs, activation of AhR-dependent gene expression by these extracts was transient, suggesting that the agonists are metabolically labile. Solvent extracts of rubber products produce AhR-dependent developmental toxicity in zebrafish in vivo, and inhibition of expression of the metabolic enzyme CYP1A, significantly increased their toxic potency. Although the identity of the responsible AhR-active chemicals and their toxicological impact remain to be determined, our data demonstrate that AhR active chemicals are widely distributed in everyday products.
High-Efficiency Elliptical Slot Antennas With Quartz Superstrates for Silicon RFICs (2012)

To increase the efficiency of on-chip patch and slot antennas, a single-layer superstrate is proposed. An analytical model to calculate the radiation efficiency is presented, and a detailed design approach is described. This antenna was implemented at W-band in the IBM CMOS8RF (0.13 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu {\rm m}$</tex></formula> ) process. The measured antenna results in a 3.9% impedance bandwidth, an efficiency of 30%, and a gain of 0.7 dBi at 89 GHz, which agrees well with simulations. The gain improvement with a quarter-wave superstrate is experimentally demonstrated to be 6.4 dB, representing a substantial improvement over traditional on-chip patch and slot antennas.
CURRENT STUDIES WITH METHYLGLYOXAL-BIS(GUANYLHYDRAZONE). (1963)

Summary Recently methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) elicited considerable interest as an anticancer agent in view of its clinical activity against acute myelocytic leukemia and lymphomatous diseases. The antitumor and toxicological effects of this compound and current pharmacological investigations carried out in this laboratory are reviewed in the present report. The delayed hypoglycemia induced by the drug in rabbits is associated with hepatic necrosis and becomes evident only after depletion of hepatic glycogen. Following administration of glucose or galactose, deposition of glycogen in the liver is inhibited as early as 4 hours after treatment with the drug at a time when hepatic necrosis is not yet histologically evident. The possibility is discussed that inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by the drug may be related to the hypoglycemia observed. The comparative study of the antitumor and hypoglycemic activity of several closely related analogs of methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) revealed that minor modifications in the chemical structure of the parent compound greatly diminish the antitumor potency of the derivative. In contrast, the hypoglycemic effect is maintained provided that the structures contain two unsubstituted symmetric guanidine moieties. The regression of Sarcoma 180 in pyridoxine-deficient HaICR Swiss mice and the allogenic rejection of skin grafts exchanged between AKR and C57BL/6 mice are antagonized by the drug. The effects of methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) against leukemia L1210 are prevented by the concurrent administration of spermidine by the same or a different route. The data available are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of action of this new antitumor agent.
Characterization of 3-D Volumetric Probabilistic Scenes for Object Recognition (2012)

This paper presents a new volumetric representation for categorizing objects in large-scale 3-D scenes reconstructed from image sequences. This work uses a probabilistic volumetric model (PVM) that combines the ideas of background modeling and volumetric multi-view reconstruction to handle the uncertainty inherent in the problem of reconstructing 3-D structures from 2-D images. The advantages of probabilistic modeling have been demonstrated by recent application of the PVM representation to video image registration, change detection and classification of changes based on PVM context. The applications just mentioned, operate on 2-D projections of the PVM. This paper presents the first work to characterize and use the local 3-D information in the scenes. Two approaches to local feature description are proposed and compared: 1) features derived from a PCA analysis of model neighborhoods; and 2) features derived from the coefficients of a 3-D Taylor series expansion within each neighborhood. The resulting description is used in a bag-of-features approach to classify buildings, houses, cars, planes, and parking lots learned from aerial imagery collected over Providence, RI. It is shown that both feature descriptions explain the data with similar accuracy and their effectiveness for dense-feature categorization is compared for the different classes. Finally, 3-D extensions of the Harris corner detector and a Hessian-based detector are used to detect salient features. Both types of salient features are evaluated through object categorization experiments, where only features with maximal response are retained. For most saliency criteria tested, features based on the determinant of the Hessian achieved higher classification accuracy than Harris-based features.
The effects of lunar dust accumulation on the performance of photovoltaic arrays (1991)

Lunar base activity, particularly rocket launch and landing, will suspend and transport lunar dust. From preliminary models, the resulting dust accumulation can be significant, even as far as 2 km from the source. For example, at 2 km approximately 0.28 mg/sq cm of dust is anticipated to accumulate after only 10 surface missions with a 26,800 N excursion vehicle. The possible associated penalties in photovoltaic array performance were therefore the subject of experimental as well as theoretical investigation. To evaluate effects of dust accumulation on relative power output, current-voltage characteristics of dust-covered silicon cells were determined under the illumination of a Spectrolab X-25L solar simulator. The dust material used in these experiments was a terrestrial basalt which approximated lunar soil in particle size and composition. Cell short circuit current, an indicator of the penetrating light intensity, was found to decrease exponentially with dust accumulation. This was predicted independently by modeling the light occlusion caused by a growing layer of dust particles. Moreover, the maximum power output of dust-covered cells, derived from the I-V curves, was also found to degrade exponentially. Experimental results are presented and potential implications discussed.
Smart Substrates: Improving Pattern Fidelity with the Gain Enhancing Underlayers, APPAG (2007)

We have developed a materials technology to enhance spatial information at the photoresist‐substrate interface by tuning the properties of the interface as a function of exposure. A photosensitive spin‐on‐glass that compensates for signal loss through thickness by injecting catalyst into the resist layer in response to radiation dose is described. The preliminary results showed significant improvement to the depth of focus and indicated the approach potential to improve resolution and other key parameters.
Highly flexible touch screen panel fabricated with silver-inserted transparent ITO triple-layer structures (2018)

A flexible and transparent amorphous-indium tin oxide/silver/crystalline-indium tin oxide (a-ITO/Ag/c-ITO) triple-layer structure was prepared as an electrode for capacitive-type touch screen panels (TSPs). A very thin metal film of silver (Ag) was inserted between two ITO layers, and the triple-layer structures were deposited on a colorless polyimide (CPI) substrate by a sputtering method. It was found that the tunable electrical and optical properties of the a-ITO/Ag/c-ITO triple-layer structures were critically affected by the thickness of the inserted Ag layer. The optimized flexible a-ITO/Ag/c-ITO triple-layer structure has low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, and low surface roughness. In addition, during the 30 000 bending cycles, the resistance change (Δ<i>R</i>) of the flexible a-ITO/Ag/c-ITO triple-layer structure was 4.12%. For environmental reliability, the Δ<i>R</i> values of the flexible a-ITO/Ag/c-ITO triple-layer structure were 2.86% and 0.96% at the environmental temperature of 80 °C-50% and -40 °C, respectively. The above results indicate that the a-ITO/Ag/c-ITO triple-layer structure can be utilized to construct a promising TCO electrode. Finally, flexible and foldable capacitive-type TSPs were fabricated with multiple touch points using the a-ITO/Ag/c-ITO triple-layer electrode.
Lipophilic 4-Isoxazolyl-1,4-dihydropyridines:  Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships (1999)

A series of 4-isoxazolyl-1,4-dihydropyridines bearing lipophilic side chains at the C-5 position of the isoxazole ring have been prepared. The calcium channel antagonistic activity of these compounds has been evaluated. A hypothetical model for binding of these compounds in the calcium channel is proposed, and the validity of this model is evaluated based on the SAR of this series of calcium binding, especially for the two most active derivatives, 1a, g. The solid-state structure for the most active compound, 1a, has also been determined, and its important features are reported.
A novel uwb impulse-radio transmitter with all-digitally-controlled pulse generator (2005)

A novel transmitter for ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radio was developed. The proposed architecture realizes low power, low complexity, and generation of a highly accurate pulse. The phase and amplitude of a pulse are controlled separately and digitally to generate a highly accurate pulse. This control method also contributes to the transmitter's low power and eliminates the need for a filter. The transmitter was fabricated by a 0.18-/spl mu/m bulk CMOS process. The core chip size is only 0.40 mm/sup 2/. Measurement of this transmitter found that the FCC spectrum mask is satisfied and average power dissipation is 29.7 mW under a supply voltage of 2.2 V. These results show that the developed UWB transmitter can generate an accurate pulse with low power and low complexity.