gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Altering the Ratio of Phenazines in <i>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</i> ( <i>aureofaciens</i> ) Strain 30-84: Effects on Biofilm Formation and Pathogen Inhibition (2008)

Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain 30-84 is a plant-beneficial bacterium that is able to control take-all disease of wheat caused by the fungal pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. The production of phenazines (PZs) by strain 30-84 is the primary mechanism of pathogen inhibition and contributes to the persistence of strain 30-84 in the rhizosphere. PZ production is regulated in part by the PhzR/PhzI quorum-sensing (QS) system. Previous flow cell analyses demonstrated that QS and PZs are involved in biofilm formation in P. chlororaphis (V. S. R. K. Maddula, Z. Zhang, E. A. Pierson, and L. S. Pierson III, Microb. Ecol. 52:289-301, 2006). P. chlororaphis produces mainly two PZs, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2-hydroxy-PCA (2-OH-PCA). In the present study, we examined the effect of altering the ratio of PZs produced by P. chlororaphis on biofilm formation and pathogen inhibition. As part of this study, we generated derivatives of strain 30-84 that produced only PCA or overproduced 2-OH-PCA. Using flow cell assays, we found that these PZ-altered derivatives of strain 30-84 differed from the wild type in initial attachment, mature biofilm architecture, and dispersal from biofilms. For example, increased 2-OH-PCA production promoted initial attachment and altered the three-dimensional structure of the mature biofilm relative to the wild type. Additionally, both alterations promoted thicker biofilm development and lowered dispersal rates compared to the wild type. The PZ-altered derivatives of strain 30-84 also differed in their ability to inhibit the fungal pathogen G. graminis var. tritici. Loss of 2-OH-PCA resulted in a significant reduction in the inhibition of G. graminis var. tritici. Our findings suggest that alterations in the ratios of antibiotic secondary metabolites synthesized by an organism may have complex and wide-ranging effects on its biology.
THE ISOLATION OF ESTRONE FROM THE BILE OF PREGNANT COWS (1947)

Although estrogenic material has been demonstrated to be present in the bile of several mammalian species (1,2), the chemical nature and quantity of the biliary estrogens of endogenous origin have not been determined. Such information might contribute to a better understanding of the rale of the liver in the metabolism of estrogens and might have a bearing on a current theory (3) of an enterohepatic circulation of estrogens. The bile of corns in an advanced stage of pregnancy was deemed to be suitable experimental material for this study, inasmuch as the level of estrogen production during pregnancy is relatively high and because the bile of this species is readily obtainable in quantities adequate for isolation purposes. Butanol extracts were made of an 8.0 liter and of a 23.0 liter pooled specimen (designated as Batches I and II) which had been previously assayed for estrogenic activity. Most of the estrogenic material in the butanol residues was removed by extraction with ao the latter were fractionated into ketones and non-ketones. The ether-insoluble, water-soluble material of the butanol extracts lx-as subjected to acid hydrolysis, followed by extraction with ether. The ethereal extract n-as part’itioned into acid, phenol, and neutral fractions. The estrogenic activity of the phenolic a,ncl acidic fractions was determined by bioassay on spayed adult mice by a vaginal smear technique (4). The results are summarized in Table I. Most of the estrogenic material in the bile of pregnant cows appears to be in an uncombined form, a finding which is similar to that reported for the exogenous estrogen of dog bile (3).
Quaternary Salt Formation of Substituted Oxazoles and Thiazoles<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuaternary Salt Formation of Substituted Oxazoles and Thiazoles1Vernon N. Kerr, Donald G. Ott, and F. Newton HayesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 1, 186–189Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01486a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01486a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical-fiber media for squeezed-state generation (1987)

The Kerr nonlinearity characteristic of optical fibers produces squeezed states of light by a mechanism that differs from conventional four-wave mixing. The noise sources characteristic of such a medium also have a unique character. We present a unified picture of these interactions for both traveling-wave and cavity geometries. Results of experiments on squeezing in optical fibers and fiber ring resonators are discussed and compared with the theory.
Identification of active site carboxylic residues in Bacillus licheniformis 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase by site-directed mutagenesis. (1994)

Active site residues of 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.73) from Bacillus licheniformis have been identified by site-directed mutagenesis. Previous work revealed that Glu-134 was essential for enzymatic activity, and it was proposed as the catalytic nucleophile by affinity labeling of the highly homologous Bacillus amyloliquefaciens enzyme. To search for the general acid catalyst, the Asp and Glu residues conserved among the Bacillus isozymes have been mutated to Asn and Gln, respectively. Out of the 14 positions studied, only the E138Q mutation yielded an inactive enzyme, whereas the E134Q and D136N mutants retained less than 0.5% of the wild type activity. Based on the three-dimensional structure of a hybrid B. amyloliquefaciens-Bacillus macerans 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, Glu-134, Asp-136, and Glu-138 are the only carboxylic acid residues that are properly located into the active site cleft to participate in catalysis. Glu-138 appears as the most likely candidate to function as the general acid catalyst, while Asp-136 may affect the pK alpha of the catalytic residues.
Self-tuning predictor and its application in electric power systems (2003)

Based on the self-tuning theory, a new self-tuning recursive predictor is proposed for nonstationary time series. Very good results were obtained by using the predictor for the prediction of electric power systems.
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequences of the Two 130 kDa Insecticidal Protein Genes of<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>var.<i>israelensis</i> (1988)

Two types of 130 kDa insecticidal protein genes isolated from large plasmid DNAs of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis HDS22 were cloned in an Escherichia coli plasmid vector. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences revealed that the two genes encoded a 127,500-dalton protein (ISRH3) consisting of 1,135 amino acids and a 134,400-dalton protein (ISRH4) consisting of 1,180 amino acids. The two insecticidal proteins were identical in a region of the C-terminal 467 amino acids.
Using Narratives, Humor, and Social Navigation: An Inspection of two systems (1999)

Abstract. In this paper we will examine ways of making tasks that we perform on a com-puter a socially richer experience. We present two systems: Agneta &amp; Frida and the recipe-based food store. The first system introduces narrative and humor into web browsing by using two anthropomorphic agents that comment and tell stories while a user browses the web. The second system is an on-line food store that uses collaborative fil-tering techniques and other means to connect people in order to make on-line shopping a more social task. 1
Benziodoxole-based hypervalent iodine reagents for atom-transfer reactions (2010)

In the last decades, hypervalent iodine reagents have raised from chemical curiosities to mainstream reagents in organic synthesis. The use of benziodoxole-derived reagents has been especially successful in oxidation methods, whereas non-cyclic iodinanes have been used both for oxidation and atom-transfer reactions. On the other hand, the exceptional properties of benziodoxole reagents for atom-transfer reactions have only started to attract the attention of the synthetic community more recently. In this review, progress in the use of these compounds for C-X and C-C bond formations will be presented. In particular, recent breakthroughs in trifluoromethylation and alkynylation reactions have been realized since 2006 based on benziodoxole-derived reagents and these results are the main focus of this article.
Telaprevir for Previously Untreated Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2011)

BACKGROUND: In phase 2 trials, telaprevir, a hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 protease inhibitor, in combination with peginterferon-ribavirin, as compared with peginterferon-ribavirin alone, has shown improved efficacy, with potential for shortening the duration of treatment in a majority of patients.\nMETHODS: In this international, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned 1088 patients with HCV genotype 1 infection who had not received previous treatment for the infection to one of three groups: a group receiving telaprevir combined with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for 12 weeks (T12PR group), followed by peginterferon-ribavirin alone for 12 weeks if HCV RNA was undetectable at weeks 4 and 12 or for 36 weeks if HCV RNA was detectable at either time point; a group receiving telaprevir with peginterferon-ribavirin for 8 weeks and placebo with peginterferon-ribavirin for 4 weeks (T8PR group), followed by 12 or 36 weeks of peginterferon-ribavirin on the basis of the same HCV RNA criteria; or a group receiving placebo with peginterferon-ribavirin for 12 weeks, followed by 36 weeks of peginterferon-ribavirin (PR group). The primary end point was the proportion of patients who had undetectable plasma HCV RNA 24 weeks after the last planned dose of study treatment (sustained virologic response).\nRESULTS: Significantly more patients in the T12PR or T8PR group than in the PR group had a sustained virologic response (75% and 69%, respectively, vs. 44%; P<0.001 for the comparison of the T12PR or T8PR group with the PR group). A total of 58% of the patients treated with telaprevir were eligible to receive 24 weeks of total treatment. Anemia, gastrointestinal side effects, and skin rashes occurred at a higher incidence among patients receiving telaprevir than among those receiving peginterferon-ribavirin alone. The overall rate of discontinuation of the treatment regimen owing to adverse events was 10% in the T12PR and T8PR groups and 7% in the PR group.\nCONCLUSIONS: Telaprevir with peginterferon-ribavirin, as compared with peginterferon-ribavirin alone, was associated with significantly improved rates of sustained virologic response in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection who had not received previous treatment, with only 24 weeks of therapy administered in the majority of patients
Ultra precision metrology : the key for mask lithography and manufacturing of high definition displays (2011)

Metrology is the science of measurement. It is also a prerequisite for maintaining a high quality in all manufacturing processes. In this thesis we will present the demands and solutions for ultra-precision metrology in the manufacturing of lithography masks for the TV-display industry. The extreme challenge that needs to be overcome is a measurement uncertainty of 10 nm on an absolute scale of more that 2 meters in X and Y. Materials such as metal, ceramic composites, quartz or glass are highly affected by the surrounding temperature when tolerances are specified at nanometer levels. Also the fact that the refractive index of air in the interferometers measuring absolute distances is affected by temperature, pressure, humidity and CO2 contents makes the reference measurements really challenging. This goes hand in hand with the ability of how to design a mask writer, a pattern generator with a performance good enough for writing masks for the display industry with sub-micron accuracy over areas of square meters. As in many other areas in the industry high quality metrology is the key for success in developing high accuracy production tools. The aim of this thesis is therefore to discuss the metrology requirements of mask making for display screens. Defects that cause stripes in the image of a display, the so called “Mura” effect, are extremely difficult to measure as they are caused by spatially systematic errors in the mask writing process in the range of 10-20 nm. These errors may spatially extend in several hundreds of mm and are superposed by random noise with significantly higher amplitude compared to the 10-20 nm. A novel method for measuring chromium patterns on glass substrates will also be presented in this thesis. This method will be compared to methods based on CCD and CMOS images. Different methods have been implementedin the Micronic MMS1500 large area measuring machine, which is the metrology tool used by the mask industry, for verifying the masks made by the Micronic mask writers. Using alternative methods in the same system has been very efficient for handling different measurement situations. Some of the discussed methods are also used by the writers for calibration purposes.
On the Chemical Properties of β-Cyanopropionaldehyde (1962)

前報においてはβ-シアンプロピオンアルデヒドがアクリロニトリルのオキソ反応により容易に得られることを述べ,その物理的性質について報告したが,本報ではその基本的な化学的性質について研究した。酸化反応として過マンガン酸カリウム,過酸化水素,酸化銀,硝酸を用い,それぞれβ-シアンプロピオン酸,コハク酸モノアミド, コハク酸イミド, コハク酸とシュウ酸を得た。還元反応としては本アルデヒドのアセタールをナトリウムとアルコール,またはニッケル触媒を用いて接触還元を行ないγ-アミノブチルアルデヒドアセタールを得,つぎにアミノ基をベンゾイル化して保護したのち酸化してN-ベンゾイルピロリドンを得た。また遊離アルデヒドの接触還元,水素化ホウ素による還元によりγ-ヒドロキシブチロニトリルを得,これからブチロラクトンを得た。さらに本アルデヒドをアンモニアの存在下で還元,加水分解してγ-アミノ酪酸に誘導した。本アルデヒドは重合し易く微量の鉱酸の存在で4量体を与え,また鉱酸と加熱すれば解重合して再び遊離アルデヒドを生じた。
Investigating online low-footprint speaker adaptation using generalized linear regression and click-through data (2015)

To develop speaker adaptation algorithms for deep neural network (DNN) that are suitable for large-scale online deployment, it is desirable that the adaptation model be represented in a compact form and learned in an unsupervised fashion. In this paper, we propose a novel low-footprint adaptation technique for DNN that adapts the DNN model through node activation functions. The approach introduces slope and bias parameters in the sigmoid activation functions for each speaker, allowing the adaptation model to be stored in a small-sized storage space. We show that this adaptation technique can be formulated in a linear regression fashion, analogous to other speak adaptation algorithms that apply additional linear transformations to the DNN layers. We further investigate semi-supervised online adaptation by making use of the user click-through data as a supervision signal. The proposed method is evaluated on short message dictation and voice search tasks in supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised setups. Compared with the singular value decomposition (SVD) bottleneck adaptation, the proposed adaptation method achieves comparable accuracy improvements with much smaller footprint.
<i>In vivo</i> effects of the 5‐HT<sub>6</sub> antagonist SB‐271046 on striatal and frontal cortex extracellular concentrations of noradrenaline, dopamine, 5‐HT, glutamate and aspartate (2000)

Although the 5-HT(6) receptor subtype was identified some 5 years ago, very little is known about its function within the brain. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, the neurochemical effects of a selective 5-HT(6) receptor ligand. Using in vivo microdialysis in the freely moving rat, we evaluated the effects of the selective 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist SB-271046 by simultaneous measurement of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), glutamate and aspartate from the striatum and frontal cortex. SB-271046 did not alter basal levels of 5-HT, DA and NA in either brain region. Similarly, there was no change basal levels of either of the excitatory amino acids within the striatum. In contrast, administration of SB-271046 (10 mg kg(-1) s.c.) produced a significant (P<0.05), tetrodotoxin-dependent, increase in extracellular levels of both glutamate and aspartate within the frontal cortex, reaching maximum values of 375.4+/-82.3 and 215. 3+/-62.1% of preinjection values, respectively.
Reduction of Gordon–Haus jitter by post-transmission dispersion compensation (1993)

Post-transmission dispersion compensation in optically transparent soliton communication systems is shown to reduce Gordon–Haus jitter by a factor of 2. In practical systems, this improvement is difficult to achieve due to dispersive pulse broadening. Nevertheless, for an example 5 Gbit/s, 10000 km system significant BER improvements (10−9–10−12) are readily attainable.
Revolution in Gene Medicine Therapy and Genome Surgery (2018)

Recently, there have been revolutions in the development of both gene medicine therapy and genome surgical treatments for inherited disorders. Much of this progress has been centered on hereditary retinal dystrophies, because the eye is an immune-privileged and anatomically ideal target. Gene therapy treatments, already demonstrated to be safe and efficacious in numerous clinical trials, are benefitting from the development of new viral vectors, such as dual and triple adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. CRISPR/Cas9, which revolutionized the field of gene editing, is being adapted into more precise "high fidelity" and catalytically dead variants. Newer CRISPR endonucleases, such as CjCas9 and Cas12a, are generating excitement in the field as well. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising alternative, allowing human embryo-derived stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells to be edited precisely in vitro and then reintroduced into the body. This article highlights recent progress made in gene therapy and genome surgery for retinal disorders, and it provides an update on precision medicine Food and Drug Administration (FDA) treatment trials.
A 3‐D finite element model for gas‐assisted injection molding: Simulations and experiments (2001)

Abstract To gain a better understanding of the gas‐assisted injection molding process, we have developed a computational model for the gas assisted injection molding (GAIM) process. This model has been set up to deal with (non‐isothermal) three‐dimensional flow, in order to correctly predict the gas distribution in GAIM products. It employs a pseudo‐concentration method, in which the governing equations are solved on a fixed grid that covers the entire mold. Both the air downstream of the polymer front and the gas are represented by a fictitious fluid that does not contributeto the pressure drop in the mold. The model has been validated against both isothermal and non‐isothermal gas injected experiments. In contrast to other models that have been reported in the literature, our model yields the gas penetration from the actual process physics (not from a presupposed gas distribution). Consequently, it is able to deal with the 3‐D character of the process, as well as with primary (end of gas filling) and secondary (end of packing) gas penetration, including temperature effects and generalized Newtonian viscosity behavior.
An analysis of the information content of address reference streams (1991)

We analyze the information content of several address reference streams. Our results indicate that a new scheme, based on Dynamic Huffman Coding [Vitt87], can encode a typical 32 bit address in four to seven bits. Unlike previous schemes used to estimate the information content of address words [HaDa771 ~arnm77], our scheme is completely on-line and does not rely on preeomputation of address transition probabilities. Our results imply that at least 83% of address bits in the traces we studied contain redundant information. Although our coding scheme is too complex and computationally expensive to implement in practice, it provides a lower bound on the bandwidth that can be achieved by practical compression schemes. Through use of these address compression techniques, the number of bus lines and 1/0 pins required to transmit address information between processor and memory can be ptly reduced.
Intelligent Service Monitoring and Support (2009)

Intelligent service management techniques play an important role in the continuously and rapidly evolving area of technologically advanced services. High tech companies are looking for better ways to deliver and preserve services to their customers in a competitive way. This paper introduces a new architecture for a scalable service monitoring and support system called Call Home Analysis and Response System (CHARS). The proposed system utilizes data de-noising and filtering techniques to meet the service management requirements of large-scale service deployments. The system utilizes intra and inter-element correlation of events to enhance the services delivered to end- users. Our results demonstrate that the proposed system is effective in covering the performance and fault management aspects for large-scale deployments of advanced services.
Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis sp. nov., isolated from hypersaline Ekho Lake, East Antarctica, and emended description of the genus Nesterenkonia. (2002)

An aerobic and heterotrophic isolate, designated IFAM EL-30T, was obtained from hypersaline Ekho Lake (Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica). The isolate consisted of Gram-positive cocci or short rods which occasionally exhibited branching. The organism was moderately halotolerant, required thiamin.HCI and was stimulated by biotin and nicotinic acid. It grew well with glucose, acetate, pyruvate, succinate, malate or glutamate, and hydrolysed DNA but not gelatin, starch or Tween 80. Nitrate was aerobically reduced to nitrite. Chemical analysis revealed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified glycolipid as the major polar lipids. The cellular fatty acids were predominantly of the anteiso and iso methyl-branched types, and the major menaquinone6 were MK-7 and MK-8. The peptidoglycan type was A4alpha, L-Lys-L-Glu. The DNA base ratio was 66.1 mol% G+C. Comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the unidentified organism was phylogenetically closely related to Nesterenkonia halobia, although a sequence divergence value of > 3% demonstrated that the organism represents a different species. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be designated as a new species of the genus Nesterenkonia, namely Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis sp. nov., the type strain being IFAM EL-30T (= DSM 12544T = CIP 107030T). An emended description of the genus Nesterenkonia is given.