gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orientationally Ordered (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:math>) Superstructure of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>on Au(111) (2007)

Long range orientational order within C60 monolayers on Au(111) is observed with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. A unit cell comprised of 49 molecules which adopt 11 different orientations is found. It can be divided in a faulted and an unfaulted half similar to the (7x7) reconstruction of Si(111). A model is proposed which shows how, through a Moiré-like effect, the substrate induces minute changes in the orientation of the C60 molecules. Intermolecular interactions are shown to play a major role in stabilizing the superlattice.
Purification and molecular cloning of porcine intestinal glycerol‐ester hydrolase (1998)

A glycerol-ester hydrolase was purified to homogeneity from porcine intestinal mucosa using a partial delipidation method and an eight-step purification procedure. The isolation scheme used gave a 483-fold purification, resulting in a pure enzyme with a specific activity on tributyrin of 290 micromol x min(-1) x mg(-1). The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated at 240 kDa, based on the results of size-exclusion chromatography, and at 60 kDa, as determined by SDS/PAGE analysis. The isoelectric focusing data obtained indicated that only one isoform with a pI of 5.1 was present. Complete identity was found to exist between the N-terminal sequence of the first 25 amino acid residues and that of a porcine liver carboxylesterase. A full-length cDNA coding for the enzyme was isolated from pig small intestine. We observed that the corresponding protein originally named intestinal glycerol-ester hydrolase definitely belongs to the carboxylesterase family. The deduced amino acid sequence consisted of 565 residues and showed 97% identity with that of porcine liver carboxylesterase and more than 50% identity with those of other carboxylesterases from different mammalian species.
Genome-wide promoter methylation profile of human testis and epididymis: identified from cell-free seminal DNA (2013)

We detected the testis and epididymis-specific methylated promoters in human cfsDNA, which may be used for noninvasive epigenetic biomarkers for the study and diagnosis of male infertility.
Vagal afferent inhibition of primate thoracic spinothalamic neurons (1983)

Spinothalamic (ST) neurons in the C8-T5 segments of the spinal cord were examined for responses to electrical stimulation of the left thoracic vagus nerve (LTV). Seventy-one ST neurons were studied in 39 anesthetized monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Each neuron could be excited by manipulation of its somatic field and by electrical stimulation of cardiopulmonary sympathetic afferent fibers. LTV stimulation resulted in inhibition of the background activity of 43 (61%) ST neurons. Nine (13%) were excited, 3 (4%) were excited and then inhibited, while 16 (22%) did not respond. There was little difference among these groups in terms of the type of somatic or sympathetic afferent input although inhibited cells tended to be more prevalent in the more superficial laminae. The degree of inhibition resulting from LTV stimulation was related, in a linear fashion, to the magnitude of cell activity before stimulation. LTV inhibition of background activity was similar among wide dynamic range, high threshold, and high-threshold cells with inhibitory hair input. Any apparent differences in LTV inhibitory effects among these groups were accounted for by the differences in ongoing cell activity as predicted by linear regression analysis. LTV stimulation inhibited responses of 32 of 32 ST cells to somatic stimuli. In most cases the stimulus was a noxious pinch; however, LTV stimulation also inhibited responses to innocuous stimuli such as hair movement. Bilateral cervical vagotomy abolished the inhibitory effect of LTV stimulation on background activity (six cells) or responses to somatic stimuli (seven cells). Stimulation of the cardiac branch of the vagus inhibited activity of three cells to a similar degree as LTV stimulation, while stimulation of the vagus below the heart was ineffective in reducing activity of 10 cells. We conclude that LTV stimulation alters activity of ST neurons in the upper thoracic spinal cord. Vagal inhibition of ST cell activity was due to stimulation of cardiopulmonary vagal afferent fibers coursing to the brain stem, which appear to activate descending inhibitory spinal pathways. Vagal afferent activity may participate in processing of somatosensory information as well as information related to cardiac pain.
Evolution of Surface Analysis for Functional Polymers. 2. Estimation of Modified Polymer Surface. (1998)

For polymer surface modified by ultraviolet irradiation, plasma treatment, rubbing, ion beam, electron beam or chemical treatment, XPS, Dynamic and Static SIMS, RBS and GIXS were available to estimate the surface and explain formed new functions.
Abstract C8: Targeting MCL1-dependent cancers with SF3B splicing modulators (2015)

Abstract Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) is a member of the BCL2 family of proteins governing the apoptosis pathway and is one of the most frequently amplified genes in cancer. MCL1 overexpression often results in dependence on MCL1 for survival and is linked to resistance to anticancer therapies. However, the development of direct MCL1 inhibitors has proven challenging and new modalities for targeting MCL1 are required. Alternative splicing of MCL1 converts the anti-apoptotic MCL1 long (MCL1L) isoform to the BH3-only MCL1 short (MCL1S) isoform, which has been reported to be pro-apoptotic. Thus, changing MCL1 isoform levels through modulation of RNA splicing may represent an attractive approach to targeting MCL1-amplified cancers. To this end, we tested a collection of small molecule SF3B modulators that impact RNA splicing on MCL1-dependent and MCL1-independent NSCLC cell lines. SF3B modulators induced rapid downregulation of the long form and upregulation of the short- and intron-containing form of MCL1 across models; however, apoptosis was only observed in MCL1-dependent cells. Importantly, SF3B modulators preferentially killed MCL1-dependent cell lines and sensitivity correlated with MCL1 amplification. To dissect the mechanism of SF3B modulator-induced cytotoxicity, we overexpressed either the cDNA for the BH3-only short isoform or the full length isoform of MCL1. Surprisingly, overexpression of MCL1S cDNA had no significant effect on cells by itself and did not sensitize cells to SF3B modulator cytotoxicity. Conversely, MCL1L-specific shRNA knockdown was sufficient to kill MCL1-dependent cells and SF3B modulator cytotoxicity was rescued by expression of MCL1L cDNA. Together, these results argue that MCL1L modulation and not MCL1S upregulation is the effector of SF3B modulator cytotoxicity. In immunocompromised mice bearing MCL1-dependent xenograft models, SF3B1 modulator treatment resulted in significant downregulation of MCL1 levels accompanied by induction of apoptosis and robust efficacy at well-tolerated doses. Moreover, MCL1L cDNA expression in MCL1-dependent models rescued apoptosis induced by SF3B1 modulator treatment. These studies provide proof-of-concept that splicing modulation is an effective strategy for targeting cancers dependent on MCL1. Citation Format: Daniel Aird, Ermira Pazolli, Craig Furman, Linda Lee, Kaiko Kunii, Eun Sun Park, Craig Karr, Betty Chan, Michelle Aicher, Silvia Buonamici, John Yuan Wang, Jacob Feala, Lihua Yu, Markus Warmuth, Peter Smith, Peter Fekkes, Ping Zhu, Baudouin Gerard, Yoshiharu Mizui, Laura Corson. Targeting MCL1-dependent cancers with SF3B splicing modulators. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr C8.
Improved computational performance for distributed passive radar processing through channelised data (2005)

Passive radars provide excellent Doppler spectral estimates for deep, fluctuating targets. Because the radar illumination is unpredictable, a full lag-profile or cross-ambiguity analysis must be performed to extract the scatterer power spectrum as a function of range. Two techniques (coherent integration and channelisation) that may be used to achieve significant speed improvements are demonstrated. Coherent integration reduces the data bandwidth. While this step reduces the computational burden to an effort readily achievable by modern desktop computers for observing FM broadcasts from a single receiver, the load increases from observing more transmitters, using more antennas in interferometric analysis, and using a larger bandwidth source such as DTV. A further improvement, which works by ‘channelising’ the illuminating and scattered signals, splitting the spectral bandwidth by an integer factor, resulting in a computational reduction is developed. The initial coherent integration method is presented, then a variety of implementations of the channelised improvements are shown. Properly implemented, these methods produce significant speed increases on ordinary desktop workstations. Channelised methods work nicely with transmitters whose spectral content is not white, permitting the elimination of noise power which lies outside the transmitter bandwidth, as well as beyond the decimation filter bandwidth of digital receivers.
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (2008)

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is a historic entity that is reemerging as an important, albeit still uncommon, contemporary vascular disease condition. The causes of SVC syndrome have evolved dramatically over the last century: whereas the majority of originally described cases were due to infection, contemporary presentations are now predominantly associated with the presence of an intravascular device and/or mediastinal malignancy. Multiple underlying pathologic mechanisms often coexist to confer risk for SVC syndrome. Although the diagnosis is still best made at the bedside, advanced imaging modalities may be used to clarify etiology, grade severity, and facilitate intervention. Treatment of SVC syndrome often requires a combination of noninvasive and invasive therapies. With regard to invasive strategies, endovascular approaches to revascularization are now considered first-line given their relative safety and efficacy. Fortunately, both endovascular and open surgical interventions can offer definitive therapy in a majority of cases.
Transcription of Clumping Factor A in Attached and Unattached <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> In Vitro and during Device-Related Infection (2002)

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the pathogens most frequently isolated in device-related infections. S. aureus is equipped with surface-associated proteins promoting specific binding to matrix molecules. Clumping factor A (ClfA, encoded by clfA) mediates adhesion to fibrinogen. Whereas the contribution of ClfA to pathogenicity is well documented, the influence of different growth and host parameters on gene activity is unclear. To elucidate this question, we investigated clfA transcript levels in an animal model of device-related infection and in planktonic and sessile bacteria grown in vitro. Specific mRNA from the S. aureus strains Newman, Reynolds, and RN6390 was quantified by LightCycler reverse transcription-PCR. In vitro, clfA transcript levels were low in the early logarithmic growth phase, but a clear increase was observed after the late logarithmic phase. Quantities of clfA transcripts were four to six times higher in the planktonic than in the sessile bacterial subpopulations grown to the stationary phase. During infection, in strains Newman and Reynolds levels of clfA transcripts in exudates accumulating in the infected devices were lower than those in the bacteria grown in vitro to stationary phase. clfA mRNA levels in the exudates increased during the initial phase of infection and remained constant after 96 h postinoculation. In contrast to the in vitro results, quantities of clfA transcripts in the unattached bacteria of the exudates never exceeded the level of clfA transcripts in the sessile bacteria attached to glass beads. However, a clear increase in clfA quantities in the sessile bacteria was observed late in infection after 144 h. In conclusion, maximal clfA transcript levels are reached late during growth in vitro and in vivo.
Hidden-variable fractal interpolation of discrete sequences (1991)

A model which may be used to determine the iterated functions system parameters needed to produce a fractal in R/sup 3/ where the projection of that fractal to R/sup 2/ matches a given function is presented. Background material is presented in which the form of the model, model parameters, and fractal synthesis are given. An inverse algorithm for identification of the model parameters is presented, and comments on this algorithm are given. Applications of hidden-variable fractal interpolation to two data types, monthly relative number of sunspots and the electrocardiogram of a dog's heart, are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cation-Controlled Interfacial Charge Injection in Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> (1999)

The photophysical and photoelectrochemical properties of Ru(deeb)(bpy)2(PF6)2, where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine and deeb is 4,4'-(COOEt)2-2,2'-bipyridine, anchored to nanocrystalline TiO2 (anatase) or ZrO2 films are reported. In neat acetonitrile (or 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate) long-lived metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states are observed on both TiO2 and ZrO2. Addition of LiClO4 results in a red shift in the MLCT absorption and photoluminescence, PL, spectra on both TiO2 and ZrO2, and a concentration-dependent quenching of the PL intensity on TiO2. The Li+-induced spectroscopic changes were found to be reversible by varying the electrolyte composition. Time-resolved absorption measurements demonstrate that the presence of lithium cations increases the quantum yield for interfacial charge separation with no discernible influence on the rate of charge recombination. A second-order kinetic model quantified charge recombination transients. A model is proposed wherein Li+ ion adsorption stabilizes TiO2 acceptor states resulting in energetically more favorable interfacial electron transfer. The generality of this model was explored with different electrolytes and sensitizers. In regenerative solar cells, the addition of Li+ increases both the efficiency and long wavelength sensitivity of the cell.
Structural stability and elastic property of the L12 ordered Co3(Al,W) precipitate (2006)

The method of augmented plane wave plus local orbitals within the generalized gradient approximation has been employed to investigate the structural stability and elastic properties of the ternary Co3(Al,W) precipitate. The results showed that the stable Co3(Al,W) compound has L12 ordered structure. The calculated results of elastic properties show that the L12 Co3(Al,W) precipitate has a strengthening effect in the disordered fcc cobalt matrix, owing to the larger modulus differences between Co3(Al,W) and cobalt matrix. The theoretical calculations also show that the Co3(Al,W) compound is brittle in nature.
Combination Therapy of Bortezomib with Novel Targeted Agents: An Emerging Treatment Strategy (2010)

Clinical trials evaluating combinations of targeted agents with bortezomib, the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor, have been initiated, with the objective of enhancing its single agent activity in hematologic malignancies (myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma), as well as expanding its efficacy in solid tumors. In most cases, preclinical studies have provided a supportive rationale for designing these doublet combination studies. Novel, small molecule-targeted agents being investigated with bortezomib in clinical trials include protein deacetylase inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, farnesyltransferase inhibitors, heat-shock protein 90 inhibitors, pan-Bcl-2 family inhibitors, and other classes of targeted inhibitors. Preliminary clinical data, available from a number of ongoing trials, suggest that most of these combinations are well tolerated and some have promising clinical efficacy that will require subsequent confirmation. Translational studies, conducted as part of the trials, may provide important insights into the putative mechanism of action delineated by preclinical studies of the combinations. The emergence of novel proteasome inhibitors may also expand the opportunities for optimizing these combination therapies. There is potential for an increasingly broad clinical trials program to investigate this therapeutic approach in a range of tumor types, as well as to consider additional agents in sequence or in combination.
Remission of Nephrotic Syndrome of HBV-Associated Membranous Glomerulopathy following Treatment with Interferon (1995)

We report a 26-year-old homosexual man who developed membranous glomerulopathy with nephrotic syndrome secondary to hepatitis B virus infection and HBe antigenemia. Aminotransferase levels were minimally abnormal, and a liver biopsy showed mild chronic 'persistent' hepatitis. He was initially treated for 4 weeks with human lymphoblastoid alpha-interferon by subcutaneous injection without effect. A second 4-week course of interferon in combination with acyclovir also failed to eradicate HBeAg from the circulation or to reduce the proteinuria. Four years later, he developed new symptomatic hepatitis, with plasma aminotransferases elevated to 200-300 IU/l for more than 4 months. Treatment with interferon was again initiated, and by the 4th month of therapy, he had seroconverted to anti-e status, and cleared the HBeAg from circulation. At the same time, proteinuria significantly dropped from an average of 7 g/day to less than 0.5 g/day. Four years after completion of interferon treatment, he became HBsAg negative and anti-HBsAg reactive while remaining persistently HBeAg negative and anti-HBe positive. He has been free of edema, with normal renal and hepatic function, and his 24-hour protein excretion was less than 0.12 g/day.
Isolation and Characterization of Hydroxyvaleric Acid Derivatives from Tobacco Leaves and the Hydrolyzate of Tobacco Extract (1977)

Journal Article Isolation and Characterization of Hydroxyvaleric Acid Derivatives from Tobacco Leaves and the Hydrolyzate of Tobacco Extract Get access Masana Noma, Masana Noma Central Research Institute, The Japan Tobacco Public Corporation, 6-2 Umegaoka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nobumaro Kawashima, Nobumaro Kawashima Central Research Institute, The Japan Tobacco Public Corporation, 6-2 Umegaoka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masao Noguchi Masao Noguchi Central Research Institute, The Japan Tobacco Public Corporation, 6-2 Umegaoka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 5, 1 May 1977, Pages 913–915, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1977.10862605 Published: 01 May 1977 Article history Received: 14 October 1976 Published: 01 May 1977
Psychrotrophic bacteria and their negative effects on milk and dairy products quality (2012)

The characteristics of bacterial populations in raw milk at the time of processing has a significant influence on shelf-life, organoleptic quality, spoilage and yields of raw milk, processed milk as well as on the other dairy products. Unfortunately, cold and extended storage of raw milk, as a common practice in dairy sector today, favour the growth of psychrotrophic bacteria. Therefore, their count in the refrigerated milk is more than the ideal limit of 10 % of the mesophilic count. Psychrotrophic bacteria are generally able to form extracellular or intracellular thermo-resistant enzymes (proteases, lipases, phospolipases) which can contribute to milk and dairy products spoilage. In addition, besides exhibiting spoilage features, some species belonging to the psychrotrops are considered as emerging pathogens that carry innate resistance to antibiotics or produce toxins. In sense of quality, psychrotrophic bacteria have become major problem for today’s dairy industry as leading cause in spoilage of cold-storage milk and dairy products. This review article focuses on the impact of psychrotrops on quality problems associated with raw milk as well as on th final dairy products. Means of controlling the dominant psychrotrophic species responsible for undesirable activities in milk and dairy products were also discussed.
Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made (2017)

Plastics have outgrown most man-made materials and have long been under environmental scrutiny. However, robust global information, particularly about their end-of-life fate, is lacking. By identifying and synthesizing dispersed data on production, use, and end-of-life management of polymer resins, synthetic fibers, and additives, we present the first global analysis of all mass-produced plastics ever manufactured. We estimate that 8300 million metric tons (Mt) as of virgin plastics have been produced to date. As of 2015, approximately 6300 Mt of plastic waste had been generated, around 9% of which had been recycled, 12% was incinerated, and 79% was accumulated in landfills or the natural environment. If current production and waste management trends continue, roughly 12,000 Mt of plastic waste will be in landfills or in the natural environment by 2050.
Recurrent deletions in the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein drive antibody escape (2021)

Zoonotic pandemics, such as that caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can follow the spillover of animal viruses into highly susceptible human populations. The descendants of these viruses have adapted to the human host and evolved to evade immune pressure. Coronaviruses acquire substitutions more slowly than other RNA viruses. In the spike glycoprotein, we found that recurrent deletions overcome this slow substitution rate. Deletion variants arise in diverse genetic and geographic backgrounds, transmit efficiently, and are present in novel lineages, including those of current global concern. They frequently occupy recurrent deletion regions (RDRs), which map to defined antibody epitopes. Deletions in RDRs confer resistance to neutralizing antibodies. By altering stretches of amino acids, deletions appear to accelerate SARS-CoV-2 antigenic evolution and may, more generally, drive adaptive evolution.
Defect Reduction in Epitaxial 3C-SiC on Si(001) and Si(111) by Deep Substrate Patterning (2015)

The heteroepitaxial growth of 3 C -SiC on Si (001) and Si (111) substrates deeply patterned at a micron scale by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition is shown to lead to space-filling isolated structures resulting from a mechanism of self-limitation of lateral expansion. Stacking fault densities and wafer bowing may be drastically reduced for optimized pattern geometries.