gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential Use of Immunoconjugates for AIDS Therapy (1992)

More than a dozen of hybrid proteins possessing reactivity with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1-(HIV-1) infected cells and cytotoxicity have been produced and studied by several groups. These proteins are prepared either by chemical cross-linking of a toxin and a carrier molecule or by expressing fused genes of the two moieties. These cytotoxic agents have been investigated to eliminate HIV-1-infected cells in vitro. The ID50 of these agents range from pM to nM. This article compares the results of the various approaches and discusses the limits and potential of immunoconjugates for AIDS therapy.
Calculation of the field of a lattice of point magnetic dipoles (2000)

The magnetic field H produced by a spatially periodic distribution of point magnetic dipoles is expanded in a Fourier series. Because of a rapid (exponential) falloff of its harmonic amplitudes, the field H at an arbitrary point is the sum of the fields of only several nearest layers (or chains) of dipoles. The method is applied to calculate the magnetic fields at interstitial sites of Sm in different antiferromagnetic states.
Nonradiative recombination of excitons in carbon nanotubes mediated by free charge carriers (2008)

Free electrons or holes can mediate the nonradiative recombination of excitons in carbon nanotubes. Kinematic constraints arising from the quasi-one-dimensional nature of excitons and charge carriers lead to a thermal activation barrier for the process. However, a model calculation suggests that the rate of recombination mediated by a free electron is the same order of magnitude as that of two-exciton recombination. Small amounts of doping may contribute to the short exciton lifetimes and low quantum yields observed in carbon nanotubes.
Effect of roughness shape on heat transfer and flow friction characteristics of solar air heater with roughened absorber plate (2006)

A 2-D computational analysis is carried out to assess the comparative performance of the absorber plate of a solar air heater with different roughness elements using commercial software package Fluent 6.1.The assessment is based on heat transfer enhancement with minimum pressure penalty.Ten different rib shapes (viz.Rectangular, Square, Chamfered, Triangular, Semicircle etc) are investigated at the Reynolds number range from about 3000-20000, in which solar air heaters normally operate.The SST kω turbulence model is selected by comparing the predictions of different turbulence models with experimental results available in the literature.Using the selected turbulence model a computational analysis is carried out to predict the heat transfer performance and flow friction characteristics of absorber plates with 10 different rib roughness elements.The analysis is carried out for both the flow regimes i.e. transitional flow regime (5 ≤ e + ≤ 70) and fully rough regime (e + ≥ 70).
Genetic Amplification of the NOTCH Modulator LNX2 Upregulates the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Colorectal Cancer (2013)

Chromosomal copy number alterations (aneuploidy) define the genomic landscape of most cancer cells, but identification of the oncogenic drivers behind these imbalances remains an unfinished task. In this study, we conducted a systematic analysis of colorectal carcinomas that integrated genomic copy number changes and gene expression profiles. This analysis revealed 44 highly overexpressed genes mapping to localized amplicons on chromosome 13, gains of which occur often in colorectal cancers (CRC). RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing identified eight candidates whose loss-of-function reduced cell viability 20% or more in CRC cell lines. The functional space of the genes NUPL1, LNX2, POLR1D, POMP, SLC7A1, DIS3, KLF5, and GPR180 was established by global expression profiling after RNAi exposure. One candidate, LNX2, not previously known as an oncogene, was involved in regulating NOTCH signaling. Silencing LNX2 reduced NOTCH levels but also downregulated the transcription factor TCF7L2 and markedly reduced WNT signaling. LNX2 overexpression and chromosome 13 amplification therefore constitutively activates the WNT pathway, offering evidence of an aberrant NOTCH-WNT axis in CRC.
Effect of short HV pulses on bacteria and fungi (1995)

The survival of three kinds of microorganisms under strong-pulse electric field conditions was investigated with a possible application of the electric pulse method for sterilization of consumable liquids. The results of the investigations of survival ratio of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes) bacteria and yeastlike fungi (Candida albicans) are presented. The HV pulses with peak voltage U=0 to 100 kV and rise time t/sub n/= 0.5 to 1.2 /spl mu/s were applied. The microorganisms were suspended in an NaCl solution with /spl gamma/=6 to 13 mS/cm conductivity and pH=7.2. The experimental setup and the dependency of the microorganism survival ratio on the rise time, peak voltage and on the number of pulses applied, are presented. It has been found that the lethal effect on microorganisms caused by HV pulses depends on the pulse parameters as well as on the kind of microorganism being treated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An in vitro study of antimicrobial activity and efficacy of iodine-generating hydrogel dressings (2006)

The novel hydrogel skin surface wound dressings are broad-spectrum in activity, encompassing antibiotic-resistant organisms, anaerobes and yeasts; their antimicrobial function appears to be rapidly effective.
Evolution of moth sex pheromones via ancestral genes (2002)

Mate finding in most moth species involves long-distance signaling via female-emitted sex pheromones. There is a great diversity of pheromone structures used throughout the Lepidoptera, even among closely related species. The conundrum is how signal divergence has occurred. With strong normalizing selection pressure on blend composition and response preferences, it is improbable that shifts to pheromones of diverse structures occur through adaptive changes in small steps. Here, we present data supporting the hypothesis that a major shift in the pheromone of an Ostrinia species occurred by activation of a nonfunctional desaturase gene transcript present in the pheromone gland. We also demonstrate the existence of rare males that respond to the new pheromone blend. Their presence would allow for asymmetric tracking of male response to the new blend and, thus, evolution of an Ostrinia species with structurally different sex pheromone components.
Potentiation of antileukemic therapies by the dual PI3K/PDK-1 inhibitor, BAG956: effects on BCR-ABL– and mutant FLT3-expressing cells (2008)

Mediators of PI3K/AKT signaling have been implicated in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Studies have shown that inhibitors of PI3K/AKT signaling, such as wortmannin and LY294002, are able to inhibit CML and AML cell proliferation and synergize with targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We investigated the ability of BAG956, a dual PI3K/PDK-1 inhibitor, to be used in combination with inhibitors of BCR-ABL and mutant FLT3, as well as with the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, and the rapamycin derivative, RAD001. BAG956 was shown to block AKT phosphorylation induced by BCR-ABL-, and induce apoptosis of BCR-ABL-expressing cell lines and patient bone marrow cells at concentrations that also inhibit PI3K signaling. Enhancement of the inhibitory effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, imatinib and nilotinib, by BAG956 was demonstrated against BCR-ABL expressing cells both in vitro and in vivo. We have also shown that BAG956 is effective against mutant FLT3-expressing cell lines and AML patient bone marrow cells. Enhancement of the inhibitory effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PKC412, by BAG956 was demonstrated against mutant FLT3-expressing cells. Finally, BAG956 and rapamycin/RAD001 were shown to combine in a nonantagonistic fashion against BCR-ABL- and mutant FLT3-expressing cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Changes in insulin receptor signaling underlie neoadjuvant metformin administration in breast cancer: a prospective window of opportunity neoadjuvant study (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00897884. Registered 8 May 2009.
Loss-of-Function <i>ABCC8</i> Mutations in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2018)

Novel and rare missense variants in ABCC8 are associated with PAH. Identified ABCC8 mutations decreased ATP-sensitive potassium channel function, which was pharmacologically recovered.
GPCR Engineering Yields High-Resolution Structural Insights into β <sub>2</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor Function (2007)

The beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) is a well-studied prototype for heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that respond to diffusible hormones and neurotransmitters. To overcome the structural flexibility of the beta2AR and to facilitate its crystallization, we engineered a beta2AR fusion protein in which T4 lysozyme (T4L) replaces most of the third intracellular loop of the GPCR ("beta2AR-T4L") and showed that this protein retains near-native pharmacologic properties. Analysis of adrenergic receptor ligand-binding mutants within the context of the reported high-resolution structure of beta2AR-T4L provides insights into inverse-agonist binding and the structural changes required to accommodate catecholamine agonists. Amino acids known to regulate receptor function are linked through packing interactions and a network of hydrogen bonds, suggesting a conformational pathway from the ligand-binding pocket to regions that interact with G proteins.
Study on Maximizing Exergy in Automotive Engines (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The use of waste heat for automobile engine that applied Rankine cycle from the viewpoint of exergy (available energy) was researched. In order to recover heat to high quality energy, a heat-management engine whose exhaust port was replaced with an innovative evaporation device was developed. With this engine, high temperature and high pressure steam (400 degree C, 8MPa) could be generated from a large amount of the exhaust loss. In addition, high temperature water (189 degree C) was obtained from cooling loss. Consequently, the system that recovered more exergy from waste heat was established.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">To verify the system, the Rankine cycle system was installed in a hybrid vehicle and the automatic control system to change steam temperature and pressure according to the load variation was constructed. As the result of vehicle testing, thermal efficiency was increased from 28.9% to 32.7% (by 13.2% increase) at 100km/h constant vehicle speed. In this paper, it is concluded that Rankine cycle using waste heat was very effective to maximize exergy in automotive engine.</div>
Conversion of Escherichia coli to Generate All Biomass Carbon from CO2 (2019)

The living world is largely divided into autotrophs that convert CO<sub>2</sub> into biomass and heterotrophs that consume organic compounds. In spite of widespread interest in renewable energy storage and more sustainable food production, the engineering of industrially relevant heterotrophic model organisms to use CO<sub>2</sub> as their sole carbon source has so far remained an outstanding challenge. Here, we report the achievement of this transformation on laboratory timescales. We constructed and evolved Escherichia coli to produce all its biomass carbon from CO<sub>2</sub>. Reducing power and energy, but not carbon, are supplied via the one-carbon molecule formate, which can be produced electrochemically. Rubisco and phosphoribulokinase were co-expressed with formate dehydrogenase to enable CO<sub>2</sub> fixation and reduction via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Autotrophic growth was achieved following several months of continuous laboratory evolution in a chemostat under intensifying organic carbon limitation and confirmed via isotopic labeling.
Levan and levansucrase of Actinomyces viscosus (1977)

A levansucrase was demonstrated in the growth medium and in association with the cell surface of Actinomyces viscosus. The amount of enzyme produced relative to cell density is not significantly affected by the growth conditions. Sugar alcohols inhibit growth of the cells. The levansucrase hydrolyzes sucrose to produce free glucose and levan; some free fructose is also formed. There is no requirement for cofactors. The Km for sucrose is 12 mM. A variety of heavy metal ions and two disaccharides, lactose and cellobiose, inhibit the enzyme. The levansucrase was purified to homogeneity and has a specific activity of 90 micronmol of glucose release per min per mg. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 220,000 and is composed of subunits of molecular weight 80,000. The levan product contains both beta(2 leads to 1) and beta(2 leads to 6) linkages. The enzyme remains tightly bound to the levan product, resulting in the formation of high-molecular-weight polymer on the order of 10(8) daltons. The possible role of the levan and levansucrase of A. viscosus in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is discussed.
Theoretical study on the initial stage of a magnesium battery based on a V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> cathode (2014)

Several first-principles calculations based on density functional theory have been carried out looking at the key issues of a magnesium battery with a V2O5 cathode. This kind of magnesium battery was reported by D. Aurbach's group in 2013. Our theoretical studies provide explanations for the experimental findings such as higher voltage, slow ion diffusivity and the decrease of the crystallinity. The calculated open circuit voltage of a magnesium battery with a V2O5 cathode is 3.06 V, which is 0.22 V higher than a lithium battery with the same cathode. Electronic band structure calculations suggest that higher electronic conductivity must be expected in a magnesium battery. Elastic constants are obtained, which give information on the stability of the magnesiated cathode. Furthermore, we have also calculated the diffusion barriers of Li and Mg ions in the cathode using the nudged elastic band method. The hopping barrier of Mg ions is 1.26 eV, which is much higher than that of Li ions (0.35 eV). The obtained minimum energy paths show the different hopping processes in the lithium and magnesium batteries, which can explain the phenomenon of slow diffusion in experiments. The possible transition pathway between the α and δ phases is analyzed for the first time, which gives an explanation for the reversibility of Mg ions in the V2O5 cathode.
CEP-1347 (KT7515), a Semisynthetic Inhibitor of the Mixed Lineage Kinase Family (2001)

CEP-1347 (KT7515) promotes neuronal survival at dosages that inhibit activation of the c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs) in primary embryonic cultures and differentiated PC12 cells after trophic withdrawal and in mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl tetrahydropyridine. In an effort to identify molecular target(s) of CEP-1347 in the JNK cascade, JNK1 and known upstream regulators of JNK1 were co-expressed in Cos-7 cells to determine whether CEP-1347 could modulate JNK1 activation. CEP-1347 blocked JNK1 activation induced by members of the mixed lineage kinase (MLK) family (MLK3, MLK2, MLK1, dual leucine zipper kinase, and leucine zipper kinase). The response was selective because CEP-1347 did not inhibit JNK1 activation in cells induced by kinases independent of the MLK cascade. CEP-1347 inhibition of recombinant MLK members in vitro was competitive with ATP, resulting in IC(50) values ranging from 23 to 51 nm, comparable to inhibitory potencies observed in intact cells. In addition, overexpression of MLK3 led to death in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and CEP-1347 blocked this death at doses comparable to those that inhibited MLK3 kinase activity. These results identify MLKs as targets of CEP-1347 in the JNK signaling cascade and demonstrate that CEP-1347 can block MLK-induced cell death.
A large-scale control strategy for drag reduction in turbulent boundary layers (1998)

Using direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow, we present a new method for skin friction reduction, enabling large-scale flow forcing without requiring instantaneous flow information. As proof-of-principle, x-independent forcing, with a z wavelength of 400 wall units and an amplitude of only 6% of the centerline velocity, produces a significant sustained drag reduction: 20% for imposed counterrotating streamwise vortices and 50% for colliding, z-directed wall jets. The drag reduction results from weakened longitudinal vortices near the wall, due to forcing-induced suppression of an underlying streak instability mechanism. In particular, the forcing significantly weakens the wall-normal vorticity ωy flanking lifted low-speed streaks, thereby arresting the streaks’ sinuous instability which directly generates new streamwise vortices in uncontrolled flows. These results suggest promising new drag reduction techniques, e.g., passive vortex generators or colliding spanwise jets from x-aligned slots, involving durable actuators and no wall sensors or control logic.
Evidence-based practice and clinical social work (2002)

The evidence-based practice (EBP) movement in mental health is beginning to influence the discipline of clinical social work (CSW). Given that clinical social workers are now the largest discipline (in terms of numbers of practitioners) providing mental health services in North America, to the extent that EBP can affect the daily services of these clinicians, the care of patients and their outcomes can potentially be markedly improved.
Pseudo-high affinity interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor lacks the third component that is essential for functional IL-2 binding and signaling. (1992)

Functional studies of the interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) of two (ED515-D and Kit225) IL-2-dependent and three (ED515-I, 3T3-alpha beta 11, and Hut102) IL-2-independent cell lines were done. All of these cell lines appeared to express high as well as low affinity IL-2R. However, ED515-I and 3T3-alpha beta 11, which expressed the IL-2R beta chain, did not bind IL-2 at all when IL-2 binding to their IL-2R alpha chain was blocked with anti-Tac monoclonal antibody, whereas the intermediate affinity binding in ED515-D, Kit225, and Hut102 cells remained. We tentatively called the high affinity IL-2R of the former cells pseudo-high affinity IL-2R. The dissociation constant of pseudo-high affinity IL-2R was higher than that of ordinary high affinity IL-2R. Internalization of cell-bound 125I-IL-2 into ED515-I and 3T3-alpha beta 11 cells was less efficient than that into ED515-D cells. The addition of IL-2 neither promoted cell growth nor upregulated IL-2R alpha chain expression in ED515-I and 3T3-alpha beta 11 cells. Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of the cellular proteins (p120, p98, p96, p54, and p38) was induced or enhanced in response to the addition of IL-2 in ED515-D and Kit225 cells, but not in the cell lines expressing pseudo-high affinity IL-2R. Finally, 125I-IL-2 crosslinking followed by SDS-PAGE analysis showed an 80-kD band corresponding to p65 + IL-2, in addition to bands corresponding to IL-2R alpha and beta chain + IL-2 in cells bearing ordinary high affinity IL-2R but not in cells with pseudo-high affinity IL-2R. Taken together, we consider that another protein whose molecular mass is approximately 65 kD is functionally important in IL-2 binding and subsequent signal transduction and may be the third component of IL-2R.
Mucosal and Parenteral Vaccination against Acute and Latent Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) Infection by Using an Attenuated MCMV Mutant (1998)

We used a live attenuated murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) mutant to analyze mechanisms of vaccination against acute and latent CMV infection. We selected MCMV mutant RV7 as a vaccine candidate since this virus grows well in tissue culture but is profoundly attenuated for growth in normal and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (V. J. Cavanaugh et al., J. Virol. 70:1365-1374, 1996). BALB/c mice were immunized twice (0 and 14 days) subcutaneously (s.c.) with tissue culture-passaged RV7 and then challenged with salivary gland-passaged wild-type MCMV (sgMCMV) intraperitoneally (i.p.) on day 28. RV7 vaccination protected mice against challenge with 10(5) PFU of sgMCMV, a dose that killed 100% of mock-vaccinated mice. RV7 vaccination reduced MCMV replication 100- to 500-fold in the spleen between 1 and 8 days after challenge. We used the capacity to control replication of MCMV in the spleen 4 days after challenge as a surrogate for protection. Protection was antigen specific and required both live RV7 and antigen-specific lymphocytes. Interestingly, RV7 was effective when administered s.c., i.p., perorally, intranasally, and intragastrically, demonstrating that attenuated CMV applied to mucosal surfaces can elicit protection against parenteral virus challenge. B cells and immunoglobulin G were not essential for RV7-induced immunity since B-cell-deficient mice were effectively vaccinated by RV7. CD8 T cells, but not CD4 T cells, were critical for RV7-induced protection. Depletion of CD8 T cells by passive transfer of monoclonal anti-CD8 (but not anti-CD4) antibody abrogated RV7-mediated protection, and RV7 vaccination was less efficient in CD8 T-cell-deficient mice with a targeted mutation in the beta2-microglobulin gene. Although gamma interferon is important for innate resistance to MCMV, it was not essential for RV7 vaccination since gamma interferon receptor-deficient mice were protected by RV7 vaccination. Establishment of and/or reactivation from latency by sgMCMV was decreased by RV7 vaccination, as measured by diminished reactivation of MCMV from splenic explants. We found no evidence for establishment of splenic latency by RV7 after s.c. vaccination. We conclude that RV7 administered through both systemic and mucosal routes is an effective vaccine against MCMV infection. It may be possible to design human CMV vaccines with similar properties.
Molecular Beacon Reverse Transcription-PCR of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-β-3, -5, and -8 mRNAs Has Prognostic Value in Breast Cancer (2003)

Expression of hCGbeta-3, -5, -8, which differ by only one nucleotide from other hCGbeta genes, can be assessed by our modified Molecular Beacon assay in breast cancer tissues. Expression of hCGbeta-3, -5, -8 has independent, prognostic value for RFS in breast cancer and may help identify node-negative patients with poor prognosis.
Resident Vδ1+ γδ T Cells Control Early Infiltration of Neutrophils after <i>Escherichia coli</i> Infection via IL-17 Production (2007)

Neutrophils infiltrate the site of infection and play critical roles in host defense, especially against extracellular bacteria. In the present study, we found a rapid and transient production of IL-17 after i.p. infection with Escherichia coli, preceding the influx of neutrophils. Neutralization of IL-17 resulted in a reduced infiltration of neutrophils and an impaired bacterial clearance. Ex vivo intracellular cytokine flow cytometric analysis revealed that gammadelta T cell population was the major source of IL-17. Mice depleted of gammadelta T cells by mAb treatment or mice genetically lacking Vdelta1 showed diminished IL-17 production and reduced neutrophil infiltration after E. coli infection, indicating an importance of Vdelta1(+) gammadelta T cells as the source of IL-17. It was further revealed that gammadelta T cells in the peritoneal cavity of naive mice produced IL-17 in response to IL-23, which was induced rapidly after E. coli infection in a TLR4 signaling-dependent manner. Thus, although gammadelta T cells are generally regarded as a part of early induced immune responses, which bridge innate and adaptive immune responses, our study demonstrated a novel role of gammadelta T cells as a first line of host defense controlling neutrophil-mediated innate immune responses.