gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Piezoelectric Properties of PbNi<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–PbTiO<sub>3</sub>–PbZrO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics (1997)

The longitudinal electromechanical coupling factor ( k 33 ) was investigated as a function of PbNi 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 – PbTiO 3 –PbZrO 3 (PNN-PT-PZ) piezoelectric ceramic compositions close to the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The k 33 was influenced by the grain size of PNN-PT-PZ ceramics. The composition of the MPB determined by k 33 is slightly different from that of the free permittivity. The maximum value of k 33 in PNN-PT-PZ system attained to 0.8 on the composition of 0.5PNN-0.345PT-0.155PZ.
Chemically prepared PZT films doped with niobium (1989)

We report on the first ferroelectric measurements of chemically prepared thin films of PZT containing niobium, (PNZT). Polycrystalline, perovskite PNZT thin films were fabricated by spin coating Pt coated SiO{sub 2}/Si substrates with alkoxide solutions. We systematically doped our base composition, PZT 53/47, with niobium (0 to 10 at.%). Further compositional modifications included the variation of Zr/Ti ratio for films containing 2 at.% Nb. The dielectric constants measured for PNZT 2/56/44, 2/53/47 and 2/48/52 films were in good agreement with bulk values. Dielectric constants on the order of 700, 1000 and 500, respectively, were measured for these three films. Both linear and nonlinear current-voltage behavior was observed for our Pt/PNZT/Pt device structures, depending on the amplitude of the applied voltage and the temperature of measurement. We were able to make ferroelectric films of PNZT 2/53/47 (2 at.% Nb doping) with spontaneous polarizations of 0.2 C/m{sup 2} and coercive fields of 2.5 MV/m. PNZT films containing larger niobium additions (5 and 10 at.%) had inferior ferroelectric properties because of the presence of nonperovskite phases. 8 refs., 5 figs.
An observational study of herbal tea use in infancy—a short report (1992)

An investigation into infant feeding practices in Madrid revealed the administration of herbal teas to young infants. Herbal teas were statistically significantly more often given to infants in the lower socio‐economic group than to infants in the middle and higher socio‐economic groups (P≤.04). There was no evidence that usage of herbal drinks was related to the sex of the child (P>0.05). Teas were given for their supposed pharmaceutical effect. The different herbs are discussed and a recommendation for further study in this field is proposed.
Brucella abortus conjugated with a peptide derived from the V3 loop of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 induces HIV-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses in normal and in CD4+ cell-depleted BALB/c mice (1996)

We have previously shown that immunization of mice with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-derived proteins or peptides conjugated to inactivated Brucella abortus induces the secretion of virus-neutralizing antibodies, predominantly of the immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) isotype. In addition, B. abortus activates human CD4+ and CD8+ cells to secrete gamma interferon. Since these are both characteristics of a Th1-type immune response, which is associated with the development of cell-mediated immunity, it was important to determine if B. abortus conjugates would also act as a carrier to induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response. To test this hypothesis, we conjugated an 18-amino-acid peptide from the V3 loop of the MN strain of HIV-1 gp120 that contains both B- and cytotoxic T-cell epitopes to B. abortus (B. abortus-MN 18-mer). A 10-amino-acid fragment of this peptide has been shown to be the minimal CTL determinant presented by murine H-2Dd. It was found that two in vivo immunizations with 10(8) organisms of B. abortus-MN 18-mer followed by in vitro stimulation with peptide induced a virus-specific CTL response. Conjugation to B. abortus was required for in vivo priming, since there was no induction of memory CTLs when B. abortus was only mixed with peptide. Targets pulsed with peptide as well as those infected with a vaccinia virus encoding HIV gp160 were killed, demonstrating recognition of naturally processed envelope. Also, major histocompatibility complex-incompatible L cells which were infected with vaccinia viruses that encoded H-2Dd, but not H-2Kd, and pulsed with peptide were lysed. This demonstrated the appropriate major histocompatibility complex class I restriction. Treatment of the mice with anti-L3T4 prior to immunization caused a severe depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes, yet it did not decrease the CTL priming. Thus, inactivated B. abortus can induce non-CD4+ cells to produce the cytokines required for CTL induction. We conclude that B. abortus stimulates a cellular as well as a humoral immune response, even in the relative absence of CD4+ helper cells. It may be a particularly useful vaccine carrier in HIV-1-infected individuals or others with impaired CD4+ T-cell function.
Commentary—Population growth, food needs and environmental stress (1972)

(1972). Commentary—Population growth, food needs and environmental stress. Ecology of Food and Nutrition: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 225-233.
<i>BRCA1</i> Mutation Analysis of 41 Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines Reveals Three New Deleterious Mutants (2006)

Germ line mutations of the BRCA1 gene confer a high risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer to female mutation carriers. The BRCA1 protein is involved in the regulation of DNA repair. How specific tumor-associated mutations affect the molecular function of BRCA1, however, awaits further elucidation. Cell lines that harbor BRCA1 gene mutations are invaluable tools for such functional studies. Up to now, the HCC1937 cell line was the only human breast cancer cell line with an identified BRCA1 mutation. In this study, we identified three other BRCA1 mutants from among 41 human breast cancer cell lines by sequencing of the complete coding sequence of BRCA1. Cell line MDA-MB-436 had the 5396 + 1G>A mutation in the splice donor site of exon 20. Cell line SUM149PT carried the 2288delT mutation and SUM1315MO2 carried the 185delAG mutation. All three mutations were accompanied by loss of the other BRCA1 allele. The 185delAG and 5396 + 1G>A mutations are both classified as pathogenic mutations. In contrast with wild-type cell lines, none of the BRCA1 mutants expressed nuclear BRCA1 proteins as detected with Ab-1 and Ab-2 anti-BRCA1 monoclonal antibodies. These three new human BRCA1 mutant cell lines thus seem to be representative breast cancer models that could aid in further unraveling of the function of BRCA1.
Ultrashort pulse propagation in multiple-grating fiber structures (1997)

We propose a multiple-grating fiber structure that decomposes an ultrashort broadband optical pulse simultaneously in both wavelength and time. As an initial demonstration, we used a transform-limited 1-ps Gaussian pulse centered at 1.55 mu;m as the ultrashort broadband input into a three-grating fiber structure and generated three output pulses separated in wavelength and time with good correlation between experimental results and simulations. This device structure can be used to generate a multiwavelength train of pulses for use in wavelength-division-multiplexed systems or to implement frequency-domain encoding of coherent pulses for optical code-division multiple access.
Patterning flood illumination with microlens arrays (2002)

We describe a convenient lithographic technique that can produce simple, repetitive micropatterns over large areas (several square centimeters). The technique uses an illuminated array of micrometer-scale lenses to generate an array of optical patterns in an image plane located within micrometer distances from the lens array. A layer of photoresist, placed in the image plane, records the patterns. Microlenses with different sizes, profiles, composition, and indices of refraction produce corresponding patterns in exposed and developed photoresist. Both spherical and nonspherical microlenses were examined. Several types of optical element containing arrays of microlenses were fabricated and used to demonstrate that this technique can generate uniform micropatterns over large areas (>4 cm2) in a single exposure. The smallest features produced had dimensions of approximately 100 nm.
Small Bowel Cancer in Western Canada (1993)

Based on incident cases of small intestinal cancers in the four western Canadian provinces reported in the population-based cancer registries of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba we evaluated the descriptive epidemiological characteristics such as age, sex and subsite distribution of adenocarcinomas, carcinoids, lymphomas and sarcomas for the period 1975-1989. The distribution of adenocarcinomas, carcinoids and lymphomas presented a clear trend along the length of the small bowel. Most of the adenocarcinomas (54.7%) occurred in the duodenum and their relative frequency decreased in aboral direction: 29.9% in the jejunum and 16.0% in the ileum. The carcinoids showed an opposite trend, an increasing relative frequency in aboral direction: 3.9% in the duodenum, 9.2% in the jejunum and 86.7% in the ileum. Lymphomas were more frequent in the ileum (49.5%) compared to jejunum (29.4%) and duodenum (21.0%). Most sarcomas occurred along the jejunum (46.7%). The mean and median ages of lymphoma and sarcoma patients were significantly lower compared to adenocarcinoma and carcinoid cases. There was no difference in mean and median age by gender in the adenocarcinoma and carcinoid categories, but in the lymphoma and sarcoma groups males were significantly younger than females.
Genetic Diversity of Intimin Genes of Attaching and Effacing<i>Escherichia coli</i>Strains (2002)

In this study, we determined the sequences of four intimin variant genes detected in attaching and effacing Escherichia coli isolates of human origin. Three of them were novel and were designated eae-eta (eta), eae-iota (iota), and eae-kappa (kappa). The fourth was identical to the recently described eae-zeta (zeta), isolated from a bovine E. coli O84:NM isolate. We compared these sequences with those of published intimin-alpha, intimin-beta, intimin-gamma1, intimin-gamma2, intimin- epsilon, and intimin-theta alleles. Sequence analysis of these 10 intimin alleles confirmed extensive genetic diversity within the intimin gene family in E. coli. The genetic diversity was more prominent in the 3' region (starting at bp 2,112), which encodes the binding domain of intimin. Phylogenetic analyses revealed four groups of closely related intimin genes: alpha and zeta; beta and kappa; gamma1 and gamma2/theta; and epsilon and eta. Calculation of homoplasy ratios of sequences of the 5' region of eae (positions 1 to 2,111) revealed evidence for intragenic recombination. Split decomposition analysis also indicates that recombination events have played a role in the evolutionary history of eae. In conclusion, we recommend an eae nomenclature system based on the Greek alphabet and provide an updated PCR scheme for amplification and typing of E. coli eae.
A dynamically minimalist cognitive explanation of musical preference: is familiarity everything? (2014)

This paper examines the idea that attraction to music is generated at a cognitive level through the formation and activation of networks of interlinked "nodes." Although the networks involved are vast, the basic mechanism for activating the links is relatively simple. Two comprehensive cognitive-behavioral models of musical engagement are examined with the aim of identifying the underlying cognitive mechanisms and processes involved in musical experience. A "dynamical minimalism" approach (after Nowak, 2004) is applied to re-interpret musical engagement (listening, performing, composing, or imagining any of these) and to revise the latest version of the reciprocal-feedback model (RFM) of music processing. Specifically, a single cognitive mechanism of "spreading activation" through previously associated networks is proposed as a pleasurable outcome of musical engagement. This mechanism underlies the dynamic interaction of the various components of the RFM, and can thereby explain the generation of positive affects in the listener's musical experience. This includes determinants of that experience stemming from the characteristics of the individual engaging in the musical activity (whether listener, composer, improviser, or performer), the situation and contexts (e.g., social factors), and the music (e.g., genre, structural features). The theory calls for new directions for future research, two being (1) further investigation of the components of the RFM to better understand musical experience and (2) more rigorous scrutiny of common findings about the salience of familiarity in musical experience and preference.
BER Analysis of Dual Carrier Modulation Based on ML Decoding (2006)

In this paper, we consider dual carrier modulation (DCM) used in multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) standard. At the transmitter, DCM transforms two successive QPSK symbols to two 16-QAM symbols with a certain mapping and they are decoded at the receiver by the maximum likelihood (ML) rule. When the QPSK symbols are transformed into two 16-QAM symbols, the original proposed form is to use two different mappings which is not Gray mapping but optimized in the sense of the bit error rate (BER). In this paper we study the DCM by providing the intuition behind the idea of DCM from the constellation of the ML decoded signals and the exact BER analysis over AWGN and simulation BER examples over Rayleigh fading channels
Removal of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions with a Treated Spent Bleaching Earth (2015)

Abstract A spent bleaching earth from an edible oil refinery was treated by impregnation with a normal sodium hydroxide solution followed by mild thermal treatment (100 °C). The obtained material (TSBE) was washed, dried, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, SEM, BET, and thermal analysis. The clay structure was not apparently affected by the treatment and the impregnated organic matter was quantitatively removed. We have investigated the comparative sorption of safranine and methylene blue on this material, the spent bleaching earth (SBE), and the virgin bleaching earth (VBE). The kinetic results fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model. The pH had no effect on the sorption efficiency. The sorption isotherms followed the Langmuir model for various sorbent concentrations with good values of the determination coefficient. A linear relationship was found between the calculated maximum removal capacity and the solid/solution ratio. A comparison between the results obtained with this material and those of the literature highlighted the low cost and the good removal capacity of treated spent bleaching earth.
Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Cocamide MEA (1999)

Cocamide MEA is a mixture of ethanolamines of fatty acids derived from coconut oil. This cosmetic ingredient functions as a surfactant—foam booster and an aqueous viscosity-increasing agent. To supplement the available data on Cocamide MEA, data from previous safety assessments of Coconut Oil and its derivatives, Monoethanolamine (MEA), and Cocamide DEA (Diethanolamine) were included in this safety assessment. These data suggest little acute, short-term, or chronic toxicity associated with dermal application. MEA vapor, however, is highly toxic. Although DEA is readily nitrosated to form N-nitrosodiethanolamine, a known animal carcinogen, MEA has not been found to form a stable nitrosamine. Dermal application of Cocamide MEA at concentrations of 50% was nonirritating to mildly irritating in animal tests. For comparison, Cocamide DEA at a concentration of 30% was a moderate irritant; Coconut Oil was nonsensitizing; and MEA was irritating and corrosive. Cocamide MEA was negative in the Ames Test. Cocamide DEA was positive in some mutagenesis assays, but negative in others. In clinical tests, Cocamide MEA at a concentration of 50% was not irritating in a single-insult patch test. Cocamide DEA at 2% in formulation caused irritation, but not sensitization. Predictive patch tests with a surfactant containing Cocamide DEA at 10% produced no adverse effects. Inhalation of MEA by humans is toxic. Based on the limited data available data on Cocamide MEA, and on the data on those ingredients previously reviewed, particularly Cocamide DEA, it was concluded that Cocamide MEA is safe as used in rinse-off products and safe at concentrations up to 10% in leave-on products. It was further concluded, however, that Cocamide MEA should not be used as an ingredient in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds are formed or in formulations that will be aerosolized.
Use of Models for Studying Pulverized-Coal Burner Performance (1959)

Research Papers Use of Models for Studying Pulverized-Coal Burner Performance G. C. Whitney G. C. Whitney Research Department, Foster Wheeler Corporation, New York, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information G. C. Whitney Research Department, Foster Wheeler Corporation, New York, N. Y. J. Eng. Power. Oct 1959, 81(4): 380-382 (3 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4008082 Published Online: October 1, 1959 Article history Received: July 31, 1958 Published: October 1, 1959 Online: February 20, 2019
Exploiting uniqueness in query optimization (2002)

Consider an SQL query that specifies duplicate elimination via a DISTINCT clause. Because duplicate elimination often requires an expensive sort of the query result, it is often worthwhile to identify unnecessary DISTINCT clauses and avoid the sort altogether. We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for deciding if a query requires duplicate elimination. The condition exploits knowledge about keys, table constraints, and query predicates. Because the condition cannot always be tested efficiently, we offer a practical algorithm that tests a simpler, sufficient condition. We consider applications of this condition for various types of queries, and show that we can exploit this condition in both relational and nonregulation database systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Measuring Pressure: Introducing oBPM, the Optical Revolution for Blood Pressure Monitoring (2018)

According to the World Health Organization, every third adult suffers from hypertension-which amounts to 1 billion adults worldwide. Hypertension can lead to severe complications, such as stroke and heart failure. Each year, this illness results in 7.5 million premature deaths. The paradox of hypertension is that most people suffering from this condition are unaware of it. As such, hypertension is known as the "silent killer."
A retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of metformin in the African-American patient. (1997)

A retrospective analysis was conducted to determine the effects of metformin on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, and adverse events in an African-American population. Thirty-six patients who were receiving combination therapy with metformin and either a sulfonylurea or insulin were identified from a hospital pharmacy database. Nineteen patients met the criteria for efficacy analysis. The combination of metformin with either a sulfonylurea or insulin resulted in a decrease of the average HbA1c from a baseline of 10.07% to 7.92% (delta = 2.15%). The effect of combination therapy on weight was variable; however, twice as many patients lost weight compared with those who gained weight. Metformin appeared to be well-tolerated, with gastrointestinal symptoms being the most commonly reported adverse events.
Bottom-up named entity recognition using a two-stage machine learning method (2009)

This paper proposes Japanese bottom-up named entity recognition using a two-stage machine learning method. Most work has formalized Named Entity Recognition as a sequential labeling problem, in which only local information is utilized for the label estimation, and thus a long named entity consisting of several morphemes tends to be wrongly recognized. Our proposed method regards a compound noun (chunk) as a labeling unit, and first estimates the labels of all the chunks in a phrasal unit (bunsetsu) using a machine learning method. Then, the best label assignment in the bunsetsu is determined from bottom up as the CKY parsing algorithm using a machine learning method. We conducted an experimental on CRL NE data, and achieved an F measure of 89.79, which is higher than previous work.
An arcing fault detection technique using low frequency current components-performance evaluation using recorded field data (1988)

Several low frequencies of the current waveform in distribution feeders exhibit modified behavior under fault conditions. Two frequencies, 180 Hz and 210 Hz, were selected for study owing to the strong magnitude variations associated with arcing faults at these frequencies. A hierarchical algorithm with adaptive characteristics is presented along with the performance results for its application at these low frequencies. The various parameters that affect the sensitivity of the algorithm are discussed. The results of tests using recorded field data are given, and the effects of using a digital filter front end for the algorithm are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
NK1 Receptor Antagonists as a New Treatment for Corneal Neovascularization (2014)

The NK1R antagonist Lanepitant is safe for the ocular surface and effective in reducing both corneal hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and leukocyte infiltration. We suggest that inhibition of NK1R may represent an adjunctive tool in the treatment of CNV.
Improving Recommender System's Efficiency Using Time Context and Group Preferences (2011)

By the expanse of internet stores and products, recommender systems have emerged to increase store attractiveness and develop online customers. Recommender systems are systems which help customers to find product that they want. These systems recommend product to individual customer according to their preferences and interests. Recommender systems use several ways such as collaborative filtering and content-based filtering to create recommendation. In this study we proposed a recommender system based on collaborative filtering. In proposed model we endeavored to improve the customer profile in collaborative systems to enhance the recommender system efficiency. We do this improvement using time context and group preferences.
All-optical data format conversion between RZ and NRZ based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometric wavelength converter (2003)

We demonstrate all-optical conversion between two different data formats: return-to-zero (RZ) and nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) using a Mach-Zehnder interferometric wavelength converter. For RZ-to-NRZ conversion, a duplication scheme is demonstrated to reduce the ripples caused by the carrier recovery of the semiconductor optical amplifier. The relationship between the ripple-to-signal ratio and the number of pulse duplications is numerically analyzed. For the NRZ-to-RZ conversion, the wavelength converter also shows high performance. The converted RZ signal has a negative power penalty to the NRZ signal due to the change of the data format.
Asynchronous VLSI architectures for Huffman codecs (1998)

A novel asynchronous VLSI architecture for Huffman codecs employing fixed code books is presented. The main idea is to layout the Huffman tree in hardware and to exploit signal statistics via asynchronous logic thus avoiding expensive pipelining. This approach applies to encoders and decoders as well. The resulting circuits are both compact and fast. Post-layout HSpice simulations of an encoder tree demonstrate their efficiency. A comparison of two-phase and four-phase protocol results in only a marginal speed advantage of two-phase while incurring significant overhead and a more difficult design.