gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation by the Proximal Convergence Method Using Transesophageal Echocardiography (1995)

A simple geometric correction factor largely eliminates overestimation caused by flow constraint with the proximal convergence method and should extend the clinical utility of this technique.
Armature reaction in a flux pump (1987)

The self-inductance of a rotating spot flux pump is responsible for the drop of output voltage from the pump. The magnitude of this effect referred to as the "armature reaction" has been studied in this paper. It is shown that this reaction is a function of the current generated, the speed of rotation, and the shape of the magnetic poles used in the excitation of the pump. A few suggestions have been given for the construction of pumps with reduced armature reaction.
The Solubility of Silver Nitrate in Glycerine, Ethylene Glycol and 1,3-Propanediol at 25°C (1988)

Abstract The solubility of silver nitrate in the chromatographic support solvents, glycerin, ethylene glycol and 1,3-propanediol has been determined at 25°C, in the absence and presence of 5% water. The solubilities are reported as mole fractions, molality and molarity of silver nitrate. The solubilities in the solvents increase in the order: 1,3-propanediol < ethylene glycol < glycerin. These solubility data allow estimation of the amount of silver nitrate on the column support.
Fabrication and characterization of surface‐conduction electron emitters for SED application (2005)

Abstract— A surface‐conduction electron emitter (SCE) for next‐generation flat‐panel displays has been developed. PdO thin films (approximately 10 nm thick) produced by an ink‐jet process were used to form the surface‐conduction electron emitter. The films were electroformed and activated while a voltage was applied, and an electron emitter with good characteristics was obtained. A current density of approximately 30 mA/cm 2 was attained when an anode voltage of 10 kV was applied. Furthermore, a 36‐in. surface‐conduction electron‐emitter display (SED), consisting of SCEs and a phosphor screen similar to that of a CRT, was also developed.
Systolic implementation of polyphase decimators and interpolators (2002)

New systolic and semi-systolic implementations of polyphase FIR and IIR decimators and interpolators with integer/fractional compression/expansion factors are derived using an algebraic mapping technique. The control signals necessary to implement the polyphase structures are explicitly identified. The new structures have the advantages of being modular, regular, hierarchical, and pipelined.
The Pathobiochemistry of Nitrogen Dioxide (2002)

Nitrogen dioxide (*NO2) is an oxidizing free radical which can initiate a variety of destructive pathways in living systems, and several diseases are suspected to be connected with both exogenously and endogenously formed *NO2. Peroxynitrite (ONOO-/ONOOH) is believed to be an important endogenous source of *NO2 radicals, but other sources, among them enzymatically ones, have been identified recently. It also became clear during the last few years that in vivo formation of 3-nitrotyrosine strictly depends on the availability of *NO2 radicals. Since nitrogen dioxide is a very toxic compound an arsenal of antioxidants (e.g. vitamin C, glutathione, vitamin E, and beta-carotene) must eliminate this harmful radical in vivo. Here the recently identified superoxide (O2*-)-dependent formation of peroxynitrate (O2NOO-) and the central role of vitamin C are of special importance.
Preparation of highly effective p-Bi/sub 0.5/Sb/sub 1.5/Te/sub 3/ and n-Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 2.7/Se/sub 0.3/ films (2002)

Bi/sub 0.5/Sb/sub 1.5/Te/sub 3/ and B2/sub i/Te/sub 2.7/Se/sub 0.3/ films were flash-evaporated onto oxidized aluminium and Kapton foil substrates. The films were characterized by SEM, EDX and electrical transport measurements (electrical conductivity, Hall coefficient and thermopower in the range 85...375 K). Highly effective films grown on Kapton show a (1 0 5) texture whereas films on Al/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ are (0 0 n) texturized. With an optimal amount of excess Te in the evaporant, after an annealing procedure a power factor of 4E-3 W K(E-2) m(E-1) at 300 K was reached.
Mapping genotype to phenotype (2018)

Evolutionary Genomics
Identifying genetic factors that contribute to trait variation among species is difficult. Weiss et al. developed a method for unbiased genome-scale mapping of trait differences and used it to work out how a range of yeast species evolved. When crossed, these yeast species produce sterile offspring, preventing the use of traditional genetic-mapping techniques. However, by reciprocal hemizygosity analysis via sequencing (RH-seq), alleles that contributed to differences in thermotolerance were spotted that diverged between two species. Surprisingly, these turned out to map to essential housekeeping genes. Thus, without taking a candidate locus approach, RH-seq allowed identification of genes responsible for traits that differ between species.

Nat. Genet. 50 , 1501 (2018).
Switching performance improvement of IGBT modules using an active gate driver (2013)

This paper addresses the issues of switching behavior of a high power insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) that works in hard switching conditions. First, the voltage and current switching waveforms of IGBT modules are described for an IGBT phase-leg module with an inductive load, and the associated switching losses, reverse recovery current of free-wheeling diodes, voltage overshoot, and EMI noise are analyzed. Based on the analysis, an actively controlled gate drive circuit is proposed, which provides optimization of the fast driving for low switching losses and short switching time, and slow driving for low noise and switching stress. Compared to a conventional gate drive strategy, the proposed active gate driver (AGD) has the capability of reducing the switching losses, delay time, and Miller plateau duration effectively during both turn-on and turn-off transient. Experimental results verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed gate driving method.
Epidural and subarachnoid analgesia for elective Caesarean section (1981)

Epidural and subarachnoid analgesia for elective Caesarean section
Synthesis of aspartame precursor: α‐<scp>L</scp>‐aspartyl‐<scp>L</scp>‐phenylalanine methyl ester in ethyl acetate using thermolysin entrapped in polyurethane (1988)

Cross-linked polyurethane (PU) was prepared for entrapping thermolysin. Using the immobilized thermolysin (IT), Z-L-aspartic acid (ZA) was reacted with -Lphenylalanine methyl ester (L-PM) in water-saturated ethyl acetate to give only alpha-Z-L-aspartylL-phenylalanine methyl ester (alpha-ZAPM). Ninety-four percent conversion of alpha-ZAPM was obtained for 30 h of reaction at 40 degrees C when 46 mg of enzyme was entrapped. PU support prepared from polypropylene glycol (#2000) showed better properties than from polypropylene (#1000) and polyethylene (#1000). Addition of polyol could increase the gel fraction of PU. The IT PU-ll-G-3, prepared from 1/2 mole ratio of PPG (#2000)/glycerin, gave the highest gel fraction and best swelling, and 89.0% of residual activity was obtained after four times of reuse (72 h). The stability of immobilized thermolysin was good; the activity loss resulting from degradatin and leak of enzyme in each time of reuse were found only about 2%. The kinetics of immobilized thermolysin-catalyzed condensation reaction of ZA with L-PM in water-saturated ethyl acetate was found to be first order in L-PM and the Lineweaver-Burk plot of 1/V against 1/[ZA] yields a straight line, showing that the reaction involves consecutive reactions of ZA and L-PM with the immobilized enzyme and with the ZA-immobilized enzyme complex, with the second reaction being the rate determining step.
Identification of a Monoclonal Thrombin Inhibitor Associated with Multiple Myeloma and a Severe Bleeding Disorder (1997)

We investigated a patient with a long-standing IgGkappa monoclonal gammopathy who developed severe haemorrhagic complications. At IgG concentrations of approximately 50g/l the patient had severe bleeding associated with prolongation of the thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and reptilase time. Plasmapheresis resulted in improvement in the thrombin time and resolution of bleeding. Depletion of the IgG by absorption of plasma with protein G-Sepharose in vitro resulted in normalization of the thrombin time and reptilase time. The purified IgG bound to immobilized thrombin and immunoprecipitated human alpha-, beta- and gamma-thrombin but not prothrombin, other vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, or fibrinogen. Purified IgG at concentrations >1 x 10(-2) g/l decreased (approximately 50%) the rate of hydrolysis of a chromogenic substrate by thrombin. Addition of purified IgG to normal pooled plasma at concentrations >1 x 10(-2) g/l prolonged the thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, but the reptilase time was prolonged only at IgG concentrations >1 g/l. This finding suggests that at low concentrations the IgG produces a specific antithrombin effect, but at higher concentrations it also affects fibrin polymerization; the combination of these effects probably produced clinical bleeding. This is the first report of a monoclonal antithrombin antibody associated with bleeding in a patient with multiple myeloma.
Expression of GFP in Nuclear Transplants Generated by Transplantation of Embryonic Cell Nuclei from GFP-Transgenic Fish into Nonenucleated Eggs of Medaka, <i>Oryzias latipes</i> (2000)

In order to investigate whether foreign genes can be used as genetic markers of donor nuclei in fish nuclear transplantation, expression of the GFP gene derived from donor nuclei was examined in nuclear transplants in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Embryonic nuclei were obtained from blastula embryos produced by crossing of transgenic fish of the wild-type strain heterozygous for the GFP gene with nontransgenic ones or by mutual crossing between transgenic fish. The GFP gene was driven by the promoter of the medaka elongation factor gene, EF-1alpha-A, which is known to induce GFP expression in many tissues except for the muscle in the transgenic fish. The nuclei were transplanted into nonenucleated unfertilized eggs of the orange-red strain. Adult nuclear transplants were successfully obtained at the rate of about 2% of the operated eggs. They were triploid and had no reproductive potential. The GFP gene was expressed in embryos, fry, and adults of nuclear transplants in a pattern similar to that in the transgenic fish. These results indicate that GFP is useful as a foreign genetic marker of donor nuclei in fish nuclear transplantation.
Normothermic Rapid Volume Replacement for Hypovolemic Shock: An in vivo and in vitro Study Utilizing A New Technique (1986)

Hypovolemic shock secondary to intraoperative or traumatic hemorrhage requires urgent, aggressive resuscitation to achieve a successful outcome. Common difficulties encountered include the need for venous access, restoration of blood volume, and most important, maintenance of normothermia. The rapid solution administration set utilized in this study addresses the above limitations. Venous access is quickly accomplished by the percutaneous insertion of a large-bore catheter into the central venous system. The set requires only one central venous entry site for adequate fluid resuscitation. Expeditious restoration of blood volume is accomplished by gravity-induced infusion of crystalloids, colloids, and blood products at flow rates of up to 1,600 ml/minute. High flow rates are obtained by utilizing low-resistance filters and large-bore perfusion tubing. Avoidance of transfusion-induced hypothermia is addressed by incorporation of an extracorporeal heat exchanger into the administration set. The infusate temperature is maintained at 37 degrees C regardless of the administration rate or the initial fluid temperature. In vitro and canine in vivo testing demonstrated no significant hemolysis of the transfused blood and allowed maintenance of normothermia.
Development of Thermal Resistant Three-Way Catalysts (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Automotive catalysts with a good thermal durability have been developed by modifying the composition of additives.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The stability of alumina supports against the loss of the surface area depends on the ionic radius and amount of additives. Some lanthanides and alkaline earthes with large ionic radii of 0.11-0. 15nm are most effective. Among these elements, lanthanum improves not only the alumina stability but the catalytic activities of rhodium and cerium oxide. Infrared spectroscopic studies show that lanthanum oxide affects NO adsorbed on Rh to improve the activity for NO reduction. Moreover, lanthanum forms the complex oxide with cerium to improve the activity of cerium oxide. CO pulse reactions on the complex oxide (Ce, La)O<sub>2 -x</sub> have proved that the oxygen defect in the lattice promotes the diffusion of oxygen atoms to improve the oxide activity.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">On the basis of these results, we have designed optimal Pt/Rh/Ce three-way catalysts, which have showed significantly improved thermal durability and performance.</div>
The potential role of follicle-stimulating hormone in the cardiovascular, metabolic, skeletal, and cognitive effects associated with androgen deprivation therapy (2017)

The widespread molecular and physiological consequences of FSH system activation in normal and pathological conditions are becoming better understood. Progress in this area has been achieved by the development of additional investigative and clinical measures to better evaluate specific adverse effects. More research is needed on FSH function in the development of cancer as well as its association with cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive effects in ADT.
Diabetes Promotes Cardiac Stem Cell Aging and Heart Failure, Which Are Prevented by Deletion of the p66 <sup>shc</sup> Gene (2006)

Diabetes leads to a decompensated myopathy, but the etiology of the cardiac disease is poorly understood. Oxidative stress is enhanced with diabetes and oxygen toxicity may alter cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) function resulting in defects in CPC growth and myocyte formation, which may favor premature myocardial aging and heart failure. We report that in a model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to telomeric shortening, expression of the senescent associated proteins p53 and p16INK4a, and apoptosis of CPCs, impairing the growth reserve of the heart. However, ablation of the p66shc gene prevents these negative adaptations of the CPC compartment, interfering with the acquisition of the heart senescent phenotype and the development of heart failure with diabetes. ROS elicit 3 cellular reactions: low levels activate cell growth, intermediate quantities trigger cell apoptosis, and high amounts initiate cell necrosis. CPC replication predominates in diabetic p66shc-/-, whereas CPC apoptosis and myocyte apoptosis and necrosis prevail in diabetic wild type. Expansion of CPCs and developing myocytes preserves cardiac function in diabetic p66shc-/-, suggesting that intact CPCs can effectively counteract the impact of uncontrolled diabetes on the heart. The recognition that p66shc conditions the destiny of CPCs raises the possibility that diabetic cardiomyopathy is a stem cell disease in which abnormalities in CPCs define the life and death of the heart. Together, these data point to a genetic link between diabetes and ROS, on the one hand, and CPC survival and growth, on the other.
Chemical treatment technologies for waste-water recycling—an overview (2012)

The global population is increasing and because of this, the world may experience great fresh water scarcity. Our water resources are limited and, hence, water treatment and recycling methods are the only alternatives for getting fresh water in the coming decades. Therefore, there is a great need for the development of a suitable, inexpensive and rapid wastewater treatment techniques and reuse or conservation methods in the present century. The different types of water treatment and recycling techniques have been discussed in terms of their basic principles, applications, costs, maintenance and suitability. Additionally, a systematic approach to water treatment and recycling involving their understanding, evaluation and selection parameters has been presented. A brief guideline for the selection of the appropriate technologies for specific applications has been evaluated. This review adds to the global discussions on water scarcity solutions.
An NSIS based Resource Reservation Protocol for Hose model VPN Service (2008)

We define a quality of service (QoS) model for QoS-NSIS signaling layer protocol (QoS-NSLP) application for supporting the virtual private network (VPN) QoS called 'hose-NSIS-QoSM'. The hose-NSIS-QoSM reserves and manages resources according to the hose based resource provisioning mechanisms. Specially, we specify the formats of NSLP signaling messages, the modification to the information in NSLP state and resource management (RM) state tables, and the procedure of signaling messages in NSIS node. Also, we compare the hose-NSIS-QoSM with the hose-RSVP-TE-QoSM that supports the hose based VPN QoS in the multi-protocol layer signaling (MPLS) networks using the extended point-to-multipoint (P2MP) resource reservation protocol-traffic engineering (RSVP-TE) mechanism.
Steroid 5α-Reductase 2 Deficiency* (1993)

In the 20 yr since it was established that impairment of dihydrotestosterone formation is the cause of a rare form of human intersex, a wealth of information has accumulated about the genetics, endocrinology, and variable phenotypic manifestations, culminating in the cloning of cDNAs encoding two 5 alpha-reductase genes and documentation that mutations in the steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 gene are the cause of 5 alpha-reductase deficiency. Perplexing and difficult problems remain unresolved, e.g. whether the variability in manifestations is due to variable expressions of steroid 5 alpha-reductase 1 or to effects of testosterone itself. It is also imperative to establish whether defects in steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2, perhaps in the heterozygous state, are responsible for a portion of cases of sporadic hypospadias, to determine whether 5 alpha-reductase plays a role in progesterone action in women, and to elucidate the relation between androgen action and gender role behavior.
The lecture notes of two pupil nurses of the preliminary training school at Glasgow Royal Infirmary. (1996)

The Preliminary Training School (PTS) for nurses which opened at Glasgow Royal Infirmary in 1893 was the first attempt to provide a theoretical pre-clinical course for 'pupil' nurses. The notebooks of two pupils are reviewed in terms of the contemporary medical and nursing knowledge and provide indications of subject matter that pupil nurses were taught.
Polyaniline–nylon 6 composite nanowires prepared by emulsion polymerization and electrospinning process (2005)

Abstract Polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles doped with the dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) were prepared and these nanoparticles were electrospun with nylon 6 as matrix material into fiber web. Depending on the contents and concentrations of PANI and nylon 6, either nylon 6 nanofibers (∼96 nm) or PANI‐nylon 6 composite nanofibers (∼12 nm) were obtained. The electrical conductivity of PANI(DBSA)–nylon 6 electrospun fiber web was lower than that of PANI(DBSA)‐nylon 6 film because of the low crystallinity of the PANI(DBSA)–nylon 6 composite electrospun fiber web. However, it showed that the PANI–nylon 6 composite nanofibers would have applications as the nanowires for connecting the microelectromechanical system (MEMS). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1277–1286, 2006
Knowledge-based integration of neuroscience data sources (2002)

The need for information integration is paramount in many biological disciplines, because of the large heterogeneity in both the types of data involved and in the diversity of approaches (physiological, anatomical, biochemical, etc.) taken by biologists to study the same or correlated phenomena. However, the very heterogeneity makes the task of information integration very difficult since two approaches studying different aspects of the same phenomena may not even share common attributes in their schema description. The paper develops a wrapper-mediator architecture which extends the conventional data- and view-oriented information mediation approach by incorporating additional knowledge modules that bridge the gap between the heterogeneous data sources. The semantic integration of the disparate local data sources employs F-logic as a data and knowledge representation and reasoning formalism. We show that the rich object oriented modeling features of F-logic together with its declarative rule language and the uniform treatment of data and metadata (schema information) make it an ideal candidate for complex integration tasks. We substantiate this claim by elaborating on our integration architecture and illustrating the approach using real world examples from the neuroscience domain. The complete integration framework is currently under development; a first prototype establishing the viability of the approach is operational.
Efficient and agile storage management in software defined environments (2014)

The IT industry is experiencing a disruptive trend for which the entire data center infrastructure is becoming software defined and programmable. IT resources are provisioned and optimized continuously according to a declarative and expressive specification of the workload requirements. The software defined environments facilitate agile IT deployment and responsive data center configurations that enable rapid creation and optimization of value-added services for clients. However, this fundamental shift introduces new challenges to existing data center management solutions. In this paper, we focus on the storage aspect of the IT infrastructure and investigate its unique challenges as well as opportunities in the emerging software defined environments. Current state-of-the-art software defined storage (SDS) solutions are discussed, followed by our novel framework to advance the existing SDS solutions. In addition, we study the interactions among SDS, software defined compute (SDC), and software defined networking (SDN) to demonstrate the necessity of a holistic orchestration and to show that joint optimization can significantly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the overall software defined environments.
Bayesian Process Monitoring, Control and Optimization (2006)

The frequentist Shewhart charts have proved valuable for the first stage of quality improvement in many manufacturing settings. However, their statistical foundation is on a model with exactly known process parameters and independent identically distributed process readings. One or more aspects of this foundation are often lacking in real problems. A Bayesian framework allowing an escape from the independence and the known-parameter assumptions provides a conceptually sounder and more effective approach for process control when one moves away from this first idealization of a process.
Exact logistic regression: Theory and examples (1995)

We provide an alternative to the maximum likelihood method for making inferences about the parameters of the logistic regression model. The method is based appropriate permutational distributions of sufficient statistics. It is useful for analysing small or unbalanced binary data with covariates. It also applies to small-sample clustered binary data. We illustrate the method by analysing several biomedical data sets.