gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geohash index based spatial data model for corporate (2015)

Spatial data wrapped and processed by an application known as Geographic Information Systems (Geographical Information System / GIS). In desktop based GIS, the spatial information services only occurs when a variety of basic data has been loaded into the applications database. The development of information technology has provide ready to access, worldwide scale, web based mapping system, like Google Maps. The addition of the information content to the map can also be done easily by any user into the system. Until now, both the basic data provided by Google Maps or data that is added by users are loosely connected, meaning that there are minimum linkage between data. Thus, the data for greater benefit of a corporation or government where the data is closely related to each other still yet to be served. As spatial data being managed are voluminous, the scalability of querying performance will be a challenge. To anticipate this, we describe an improvement that built on top of our proposed spatial data model. We used a special data which derived by interleaving bits obtained from latitude-longitude pairs of a spatial data, the string called geohash. A geohash can be used as an index of every object in Spatial data table. The longer the Geohash string, the more precise the bounding box around the location it references. This approach will improve the performance of querying process of a single or even collection of spatial data in the data table of corporate GIS. The main study of this research is to provide information services along with the availability of a variety of basic spatial data owned by Google Maps. This paper highlights our recent effort in theoretical and applied research in spatial data management.
A Machine for Adiabatic Toroidal Compression (1971)

The Adiabatic Toroidal Compressor (ATC) is being built to investigate the feasibility of a proposed technique for increasing the density and ion temperature of conventional tokamaks. By applying a suitable magnetic field normal to the plane of a usual tokamak discharge, the major radius is caused to shrink to about 0.4 of its original value, thereby resulting in an increase both in temperature and density. The experiment is important because, if successful, the technique could be applied to achieve plasma temperatures and densities significantly greater than otherwise obtainable in a given size facility. Selection of the machine size, field strength and time scale for the operating cycle was based both on the desire to achieve values of temperature and density well exceeding those already reported by others and on the conviction that experimental results should be forthcoming by mid-1972 to be useful in the design of larger experimental facilities. The first goal is expected to be met in the choice of a field strength of 50 kG at 37 cm major radius, the location of the 241 kA discharge after compression. The second goal required the use of presently available (or readily constructed) power supplies and an amount of engineering manpower consistent with existing laboratory programs. Buildup of the initial discharge within about 5 ms, a thermalizing time of up to 20 ms, and a compression time of about 2 ms are attainable within the above framework and are consistent with the energy replacement time of the plasma.
Electrochemical reduction of protonated cyclopentadienylcobalt phosphine complexes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical reduction of protonated cyclopentadienylcobalt phosphine complexesU. Koelle and S. PaulCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 16, 2689–2694Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00236a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00236a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1220Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting under Visible Light Using ATaO<sub>2</sub>N (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) and WO<sub>3</sub> in a IO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/I<sup>−</sup> Shuttle Redox Mediated System (2009)

Three mixed tantalum oxynitrides, ATaO2N (A = Ca, Sr, Ba), prepared by heating amorphous A2Ta2O7 under NH3, are applied in a two-step photoexcitation water-splitting system as a photocatalyst for H2 evolution. Platinum-loaded CaTaO2N and BaTaO2N are demonstrated to be active for H2 evolution in the presence of methanol or I− as an electron donor, whereas SrTaO2N is unable to produce H2 stably in the presence of I− due to self-oxidative decomposition accompanied by N2 production. The combination of Pt−CaTaO2N or Pt−BaTaO2N with Pt−WO3 achieves overall water splitting under visible irradiation. Pt−BaTaO2N is also demonstrated to be photoactive at wavelengths up to 660 nm, representing the first example of an overall water-splitting system in which visible light at wavelengths longer than 600 nm is effectively utilized for H2 evolution.
Emergence of Spatial Structure in Cell Groups and the Evolution of Cooperation (2010)

On its own, a single cell cannot exert more than a microscopic influence on its immediate surroundings. However, via strength in numbers and the expression of cooperative phenotypes, such cells can enormously impact their environments. Simple cooperative phenotypes appear to abound in the microbial world, but explaining their evolution is challenging because they are often subject to exploitation by rapidly growing, non-cooperative cell lines. Population spatial structure may be critical for this problem because it influences the extent of interaction between cooperative and non-cooperative individuals. It is difficult for cooperative cells to succeed in competition if they become mixed with non-cooperative cells, which can exploit the public good without themselves paying a cost. However, if cooperative cells are segregated in space and preferentially interact with each other, they may prevail. Here we use a multi-agent computational model to study the origin of spatial structure within growing cell groups. Our simulations reveal that the spatial distribution of genetic lineages within these groups is linked to a small number of physical and biological parameters, including cell growth rate, nutrient availability, and nutrient diffusivity. Realistic changes in these parameters qualitatively alter the emergent structure of cell groups, and thereby determine whether cells with cooperative phenotypes can locally and globally outcompete exploitative cells. We argue that cooperative and exploitative cell lineages will spontaneously segregate in space under a wide range of conditions and, therefore, that cellular cooperation may evolve more readily than naively expected.
Phosphonate biosynthesis: molecular cloning of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate mutase from Tetrahymena pyriformis and overexpression of the gene product in Escherichia coli (1992)

The phosphoenolpyruvate mutase gene from Tetrahymena pyriformis has been cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. To our knowledge, this is the first Tetrahymena gene to be expressed in E. coli, a task made more complicated by the idiosyncratic codon usage by Tetrahymena. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of phosphoenolpyruvate mutase purified from T. pyriformis has been used to generate a precise oligonucleotide probe for the gene, using in vitro amplification from total genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. Use of this precise probe and oligo(T) as primers for in vitro amplification from a T. pyriformis cDNA library has allowed the cloning of the mutase gene. A similar amplification strategy from genomic DNA yielded the genomic sequence, which contains three introns. The sequence of the DNA that encodes 10 amino acids upstream of the N-terminal sequence of the isolated protein was found by oligonucleotide hybridization to a subgenomic library. These 10 N-terminal amino acids are cleanly removed in Tetrahymena in vivo. The full mutase gene sequence codes for a protein of 300 amino acids, and it includes two amber (TAG) codons in the open reading frame. In Tetrahymena, TAG codes for glutamine. When the two amber codons are each changed to a glutamine codon (CAG) that is recognized by E. coli and the gene is placed behind a promoter driven by the T7 RNA polymerase, expression in E. coli is observed. The mutase gene also contains a large number of arginine AGA codons, a codon that is very rarely used by E. coli. Cotransformation with a plasmid carrying the dnaY gene [which encodes tRNA(Arg)(AGA)] results in more than 4-fold higher expression. The mutase then comprises about 25% of the total soluble cell protein in E. coli transformants. The mutase gene bears significant similarity to one other gene in the available data bases, that of carboxyphosphonoenolpyruvate mutase from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, an enzyme that catalyzes a closely related transformation. Due to the large evolutionary distance between Tetrahymena and Streptomyces, this similarity can be interpreted as the first persuasive evidence that the biosynthesis of phosphonates is an ancient metabolic process.
Testing of autonomous vehicles using surrogate models and stochastic optimization (2017)

Advancement in testing and verification methodologies is one of the key requirements for the commercialization and standardization of autonomous driving. Even though great progress has been made, the main challenges encountered during testing of autonomous vehicles, e.g., high number of test scenarios, huge parameter space and long simulation runs, still remain. In order to reduce current testing efforts, we propose an innovative method based on surrogate models in combination with stochastic optimization. The approach presents an iterative zooming-in algorithm aiming to minimize a given cost function and to identify faulty behavior regions within the parameter space. The surrogate model is updated in each iteration and is further used for intensive evaluation tasks, such as exploration and optimization.
Reversible dependence on growth factor interleukin-3 in myeloid cells expressing temperature sensitive v-abl oncogene. (1988)

Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) has been shown to abrogate the requirement for growth factor interleukin-3 (IL-3) in a variety of hematopoietic cell lineages by a non-autocrine mechanism. By infecting an IL-3 dependent myeloid cell line, FDC-P1, with A-MuLV containing temperature sensitive tyrosine kinase mutants of the v-abl oncogene, cell lines with temperature sensitive IL-3 independence phenotype were established. At the permissive temperature, cells expressing the ts oncogenes contained 20 fold higher levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins than uninfected cells and were completely IL-3 independent. When shifted to the restrictive temperature, ts A-MuLV infected cells still contained 5 to 10 fold higher levels of phosphotyrosine but became dependent on IL-3 for growth. These results demonstrate that the maintenance of A-MuLV induced IL-3 independence requires the continuous function of the v-abl oncogene.
Universal Schema for Knowledge Representation from Text and Structured Data (2021)

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is an important polymer on the surface of Gram-positive organisms, including the foodborne, biofilm-forming pathogen <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, and is connected to the cell membrane through a glycolipid backbone. Previous results have shown the importance of LTA in cell viability and biofilm formation. The purpose of this research is to further investigate the influence of LTA in <em>L. monocytogenes</em> biofilm formation and how the bacterium responds to environmental stress caused by antimicrobial exposures, and a combination of low temperature and high osmolarity. We created in frame deletion mutants along the operon <em>lmo-2555-lmo2554-lmo2553</em>, which have been shown to reduce the ability of <em>L. monocytogenes</em> to form biofilm. We were able to show that our mutant strain had less amount of LTA on their cell membrane and formed less biofilm both on a PVC well plate and drip flow reactor. Visualization of biofilm cells using confocal microscopy also showed that our mutant strain had thinner biofilm compared to its positive control and its complement strain. We believe that the reduction in biofilm formation was due to the ability of cells to attach prior to forming biofilms. Our mutant strains also had increased sensitivity toward anionic and cationic antimicrobials. The influence of LTA was more pronounced when cells were exposed to low temperature, where our mutant strain was not able to grow even after a 14-day incubation at 4<sup>o</sup>C. Our strains also showed different sensitivity to various humectants at lower temperature (4<sup>o</sup>C and 20<sup>o</sup>C), where glycerol was the least harsh, while sucrose was the harshest. The absence of LTA did not seem to influence the cells’ tolerance on high osmolarity in the presence of NaCl. However, our mutant strain showed considerable difference in osmotolerance in the presence of sucrose. Further understanding of biofilm formation mechanism will eventually lead to a more intelligent design of <em>L. monocytogenes</em> biofilm removal in the food processing environment.
An RCL sensor for measuring dielectrically lossy materials in the MHz frequency range - 1. Comparison of hydrogel model simulation with actual hydrogel impedance measurements (2006)

There is a requirement for the development of non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring devices to meet the clinical demands of the rapidly increasing number of people currently developing diabetes mellitus. Impedance spectroscopy is a technology that meets the requirements of such devices. An NI CGMD is being developed as a device that couples a sensor to the skin to form an RCL sensor. The reliability of such an RCL sensor model has been investigated by comparing electrodynamical simulations to in-vitro measurements of dielectrically "lossy" materials. The sensor has been modeled and simulated in FEMLAB (finite element modeling laboratory). In-vitro measurements are performed on hydrogels, representing the lossy material, by the aid of a Rohde & Schwarz VNA (vector network analyzer). From the quantitative agreement of the results we conclude, that the proposed qualitative model is appropriate for the characterization of the RCL sensor and suggests that more detailed models can be used to elucidate the behavior of human skin tissue.
On Laozi’s Dao—An Attempt to Make Philosophy Speak Chinese (2011)

“How is the meaning of the Dao to be understood?” To answer this question, we should not make indiscreet remarks outside of the framework of Laozi’s thought; rather, we should enter the system, helping Laozi to establish a philosophical system on the Dao. Such an establishment is equivalent to that of a logical system of Laozi’s philosophy. We consider the presentation of Laozi’s thought as unverified propositions, and the purpose of this essay is to expound on these propositions and make them philosophy in a strict sense: The Dao that can be talked about is not Dao anymore, and while “the Dao” seems to have its name, it actually does not. Names are also particular things. The Dao is neither a name nor a thing; instead, the Dao implies nonexistence. Nonexistence means the possibility of the being of all things, and all these things are the manifestation of the Dao, thus nonexistence is also existence. Things are discriminated from the Dao, and because all these things are discriminated from each other, there is de 德 (virtues). Where the discrimination is removed, there is the Dao, and adherence to the discrimination means deviation from the Dao. The diversity of things stirs up desires, and the control and utilization of things are a departure from the Dao. Only desires without self are compatible with nature. Desire discriminates with artificial measurements, and thus leads to knowledge. To acquire knowledge is to learn, and learning develops the capability to differentiate between the self and the other, so only a decline in learning can be conducive to human life. One can achieve something, transform external things and withstand nature only after he learns and acquires knowledge. On the other hand, wuwei 无为 (doing nothing) leads to wuwo 无我 (self-denial), avoiding the invention or differentiation of things. So, life is just the movement of the Dao, in which all things are allowed to take their own courses and nothing is left unaccomplished.
Bias‐Dependent Etching of Silicon in Aqueous  KOH (1985)

The current‐voltage characteristics and the bias dependence of the etch rates of <100>‐ and <111>‐oriented n‐ and p‐type low doped Si samples in aqueous have been studied. We find that voltages cathodic of the open‐circuit potential have little effect on the p‐type etch rates, while the n‐type etching is stopped. Anodic of the open‐circuit potential, both carrier types stop etching, owing to passivation of the surface. These results are used to characterize the rate‐determining steps of the chemical or electrochemical reactions which take place at the semiconductor surface at various biases. A mechanism is proposed in which the rate‐determining step shifts between among chemical, electrochemical, or diffusion limited. Also, a mechanism involving susceptibility to nucleophilic attack is proposed to explain the vastly different etching rates of <100> and <110> vs. <111> faces.
New developments in vaginal contraception. (1984)

This review on new developments in vaginal contraception examines the history and usage of vaginal methods assesses the effectiveness proper use and safety of spermicides contraceptive sponges diaphragms and cervical caps discusses the disease prevention effects of vaginal methods and explores some program issues. The female vaginal methods are less effective than oral contraceptives IUDs or voluntary sterilization and may entail high risks of accidental pregnancy especially among women who are not conscientious users. Although they have almost no side effects they may be awkward to use. They provide some protection against sexually transmitted diseases. Spermicides are increasingly available throughout the world and require no prescription. They come as jellies creams foams foaming tablets or suppositories melting suppositories or soluble film. They contain different spermicidal ingredients of which nonoxynol-9 octoxynol-9 and menfegol are the most common. Evaluation studies show that 1-30% of spermicide users become pregnant in each year of use but careful and consistent users have low pregnancy rates. A few US studies which raised the possibility that spermicide use in early pregnancy might cause congenital defects have been criticized on technical grounds and their findings have not been confirmed. The new contraceptive sponge Today manufactured by the VLI Corporation is made of polyurethane and impregnated with nonoxynol-9. The sponge is assumed to work by releasing spermicide absorbing semen and blocking the cervical opening. It can be kept in place for 24 hours is less messy than other vaginal methods and can be sold over-the-counter. 9-27% of users became pregnant in the 1st year of use in international trials. There is little evidence concerning longterm safety or infection. Diaphragms come in 3 major designs flat spring coil-spring and arcing which make it possible to fit anatomically dissimilar women. Careful instruction in insertion and use are necessary for new users. Failure rates of 2-23%/year have been reported. Cervical caps are held in place over the cervix by suction and must be carefully fitted. 1st year failure rates range from 8-20%. Many women have difficulty using caps because of fitting problems or because of difficulty of insertion and removal. Other disadvantages include possible dislodgement during sex odor and possible vaginal laceration with 1 type of cap. The future prospects of vaginal methods in developing countries are uncertain because of their high cost and low effectiveness relative to other methods.
A Pharmacologic Analysis of Huntington’s Chorea (1970)

The major site of pathology in Huntington''s chorea is the striatum. The neurons of the striatum degenerate but the striatal content of dopamine remains normal. It is proposed that abnormally heightened responsiveness on the part of striatal receptors to dopamine underlies the initiation of chorea. This concept is supported by results with a variety of agents including rauwolfia alkaloids, phenothiazines, butyrophenones, and alphamethyl-p-tyrosine. An analogous heightened responsiveness to serotonin explain the aggravation of chorea by 5-hydroxytryptophan. An overall deqreased responsiveness to dopamine may be related to the development of rigidity in this disease. It is suggested that L-dopa and 5-hydroxytrytophan may be of value to detecting the presymptomatic individual.
Secretion of Flavins by <i>Shewanella</i> Species and Their Role in Extracellular Electron Transfer (2007)

Fe(III)-respiring bacteria such as Shewanella species play an important role in the global cycle of iron, manganese, and trace metals and are useful for many biotechnological applications, including microbial fuel cells and the bioremediation of waters and sediments contaminated with organics, metals, and radionuclides. Several alternative electron transfer pathways have been postulated for the reduction of insoluble extracellular subsurface minerals, such as Fe(III) oxides, by Shewanella species. One such potential mechanism involves the secretion of an electron shuttle. Here we identify for the first time flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and riboflavin as the extracellular electron shuttles produced by a range of Shewanella species. FMN secretion was strongly correlated with growth and exceeded riboflavin secretion, which was not exclusively growth associated but was maximal in the stationary phase of batch cultures. Flavin adenine dinucleotide was the predominant intracellular flavin but was not released by live cells. The flavin yields were similar under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with total flavin concentrations of 2.9 and 2.1 micromol per gram of cellular protein, respectively, after 24 h and were similar under dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing conditions and when fumarate was supplied as the sole electron acceptor. The flavins were shown to act as electron shuttles and to promote anoxic growth coupled to the accelerated reduction of poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxides. The implications of flavin secretion by Shewanella cells living at redox boundaries, where these mineral phases can be significant electron acceptors for growth, are discussed.
The use of a [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction for the preparation of a series of ‘tethered’ Ru(<scp>ii</scp>)–diamine and aminoalcohol complexes (2007)

A series of catalysts have been prepared for use in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones. The complexes were prepared using a [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction at a key step in the reaction sequence. This provides a means for the synthesis of catalysts with modifications at specific sites.