gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approaches to adaptive transform speech coding at low bit rates (1979)

This paper discusses problems of adaptive transform coding schemes at bit rates of 12 kbit/s and below. Objective and subjective performance reductions, like low-pass filtering effects as one of the main sources of perceptual distortion, are investigated and proposals are made how to improve the performance of the coder at low and medium bit rates. Additionally, the needed transmission of side information reduces the efficiency of the scheme. Various methods to lower the rate of this supplementary data signal are given as well as modifications of the scheme which lead to a more easily implemented coder structure.
Beta interferon inhibits Toxoplasma gondii growth in human monocyte-derived macrophages (1989)

Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) previously has been shown to block the replication of Toxoplasma gondii in fibroblasts by the induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity. IFN-beta also is known to induce IDO activity in monocyte-derived macrophages, but its ability to block the growth of T. gondii has not been demonstrated. We found not only that the combination of IFN-beta and lipopolysaccharide induced greater IDO activity in monocyte-derived macrophages than did IFN-beta alone but that this combination also was effective in inhibiting the growth of T. gondii. In addition, the inhibition was reversed by the addition of exogenous tryptophan, thus demonstrating that a mechanism by which IFN-beta inhibited T. gondii replication was by the induction of IDO.
Silicon nitride coating on titanium to enable titanium-ceramic bonding (1999)

Failures that occur in titanium-ceramic restorations are of concern to clinicians. The formation of poorly adhering oxide on titanium at dental porcelain sintering temperatures causes adherence problems between titanium and porcelain, which is the main limiting factor in the fabrication of titanium-ceramic restorations. To overcome this problem a 1-microm thick Si3N4 coating was applied to a titanium surface using a plasma-immersion implantation and deposition method. Such a coating serves as an oxygen diffusion barrier on titanium during the porcelain firings. The protective coating was characterized in the as-deposited condition and after thermal cycling. Cross sections of Ti/Si3N4-porcelain interface regions were examined by various electron microscopy methods and by energy dispersive analysis of X-rays to study the Si3N4 film's effectiveness in preventing titanium oxidation and in forming a bond with porcelain. The experiments have shown that this Si3N4 coating enables significant improvement in Ti-ceramic bonding.
Oral Treatments for Toenail Onychomycosis (2002)

There is good evidence that a continuous regimen of terbinafine (250 mg/d) for 3 months is the most effective oral treatment for fungally infected toenails. Consensus among researchers evaluating oral antifungal drugs for onychomycosis is needed to establish meaningful definitions of clinical cure. Most trials were funded by the pharmaceutical industry; we found little independent research, and this may have introduced bias to the review.
Complete regression and systemic protective immune responses obtained in B16 melanomas after treatment with LTX-315 (2014)

Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive and deadliest form of skin cancer due to its highly metastatic potential, which calls for new and improved therapies. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs) are naturally occurring molecules found in most species, in which they play a significant role in the first line of defense against pathogens, and several CAPs have shown promising potential as novel anticancer agents. Structure-activity relationship studies on the CAP bovine lactoferricin allowed us to de novo design short chemically modified lytic anticancer peptides. In the present study, we investigated the in vivo antitumor effects of LTX-315 against intradermally established B16 melanomas in syngeneic mice. Intratumoral administration of LTX-315 resulted in tumor necrosis and the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor parenchyma followed by complete regression of the tumor in the majority of the animals. LTX-315 induced the release of danger-associated molecular pattern molecules such as the high mobility group box-1 protein in vitro and the subsequent upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6 and IL18 in vivo. Animals cured by LTX-315 treatment were protected against a re-challenge with live B16 tumor cells both intradermally and intravenously. Together, our data indicate that intratumoral treatment with LTX-315 can provide local tumor control followed by protective immune responses and has potential as a new immunotherapeutic agent.
Flying Insect Classification with Inexpensive Sensors (2014)

The ability to use inexpensive, noninvasive sensors to accurately classify flying insects would have significant implications for entomological research, and allow for the development of many useful applications in vector control for both medical and agricultural entomology. Given this, the last sixty years have seen many research efforts on this task. To date, however, none of this research has had a lasting impact. In this work, we explain this lack of progress. We attribute the stagnation on this problem to several factors, including the use of acoustic sensing devices, the over-reliance on the single feature of wingbeat frequency, and the attempts to learn complex models with relatively little data. In contrast, we show that pseudo-acoustic optical sensors can produce vastly superior data, that we can exploit additional features, both intrinsic and extrinsic to the insect's flight behavior, and that a Bayesian classification approach allows us to efficiently learn classification models that are very robust to over-fitting. We demonstrate our findings with large scale experiments that dwarf all previous works combined, as measured by the number of insects and the number of species considered.
A High-Precision 2.5-ps RMS Time Synchronization for Multiple High-Speed Transceivers in FPGA (2019)

The high-speed serial transceiver plays a key role in the high-speed data transmission. Because of the independent clock network in each transceiver, there exist random skews between the multiple transceivers each time the system reinitializes. In the system of data transmission, these random skews are always permitted and the intrachannel synchronization is guaranteed by inserting some same comma codes in each channel. However, for the strict clock distribution system, these random skews are unacceptable. To address this problem, a scheme combined of a tunable phase interpolator (PI) and a high-precision time-to-digital converter (TDC) is presented. A plain TDC is employed to measure the skews of parallel clocks in multichannels with bin size of ~10.2 ps and precision of ~18.0 ps. The method of multiple measurements average is adopted to further improve the TDCs performance. On this basis, time synchronization with root mean square (rms) of ~2.5 ps and peak-to-peak value of ~14.7 ps is implemented in a 20-nm fabrication process ultrascale field programmable gate array (FPGA). Compared to the measured results (rms of ~22 ps and peak-to-peak value of ~105 ps) of the Xilinx self-phase alignment method, the presented scheme has more than six times performance improvement. In addition, this scheme can lock the delay between different channels to arbitrary configurable offsets, making it very suitable for scenarios where multichannel latencies are strictly restricted.
HLA-DR <i>beta</i>-chain polymorphism. Second domain polymorphism reflects evolutionary relatedness of alleles and may explain public serologic epitopes. (1989)

Nucleic acid sequences of the second domain encoding exons and the signal sequence encoding exons are presented for a number of HLA-DR beta-chain alleles. There is less polymorphism in these regions than is found in the first domain encoding exon, a result expected from previous amino acid sequence data. The distribution of the polymorphisms follows a locus and supertype pattern. This permits an easy assignment of gene relatedness that is useful for ordering the events which have taken place in the first domain. The relative nonpolymorphism of the second domains within evolutionarily related haplotypes makes them likely candidates for encoding the epitopes recognized by public serologic reagents.
Influence of the 20-kDa protein from<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>ssp.<i>israelensis</i>on the rate of production of truncated Cry1C proteins (1996)

The potential role of a molecular chaperone on the rate of production of extensively altered Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1C proteins was investigated. Analysis of the proteins produced by the recombinant B. thuringiensis strains showed that the truncated proteins were produced at a low rate. Expression of the 20-kDa protein gene from B. thuringiensis ssp. israelensis in tandem with the truncated-cry1C genes led to the production of a greater amount of proteins. The formation of inclusion bodies, however, did not occur even when the 20-kDa protein gene was expressed.
Improved Speech Presence Probabilities Using HMM-Based Inference, With Applications to Speech Enhancement and ASR (2010)

This paper presents a technique for determining improved speech presence probabilities (SPPs), by exploiting the temporal correlation present in spectral speech data. Based on a set of traditional SPPs, we estimate the underlying speech presence probability via statistical inference. Traditional SPPs are assumed to be observations of channel-specific two-state Markov models. Corresponding steady-state and transitional statistics are set to capture the well-known temporal correlation of spectral speech data, and observation statistics are modeled based on the effect of additive acoustic noise on resulting SPPs. Once underlying models have been parameterized, improved speech presence probabilities can be estimated via traditional inference techniques, such as the forward or forward-backward algorithms. The two-state configuration of underlying signal models enables low complexity HMM-based processing, only slightly increasing complexity relative to standard SPPs, and thereby making the proposed framework attractive for resource-constrained scenarios. Proposed SPP masks are shown to provide a significant increase in accuracy relative to the state-of-the-art method of the paper by Cohen and Berdugo (“Speech enhancement for non-stationary noise environments,” Signal Processing, vol. 81, no. 11, pp. 2403-2418, 2001), in terms of the mean pointwise Kullback-Leibler (KL) distance. When applied to soft-decision speech enhancement, proposed SPPs show improved results in terms of segmental SNRs. Closer analysis reveals significantly decreased noise leakage, whereas speech distortion is increased. When applied to automatic speech recognition (ASR), the use of soft-decision enhancement with proposed SPPs provides increased recognition performance, relative to the paper by Cohen and Berdugo.
PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF MOLLUSCS (1968)

Abstract The phospholipid composition of nervous ganglia of the bivalve Unio crassa , the gastropod Helix pomatia and the cephalopods Octopus sp. and Ommastrephes sloanei pacificus have been investigated. The ganglia of cephalopods contain considerably more phospholipids than do gastropod and bivalve ganglia. Especially rich in phospholipids are the optic ganglion of the squid Ommastrephes and the cerebral ganglion of Octopus , where their content is of the same order as in the brain of teleosts and amphibia. In the ganglia of the lower molluscs, the bivalve and the gastropod, no sphingomyelin nor X‐phospholipid could be detected. No sphingomyelin nor X‐phospholipid were found in the optic ganglion of Octopus , whereas in its cerebral ganglion sphingomyelin but no X‐phospholipid was present. In both the optic and the cerebral ganglia of the squid Ommastrephes both sphingomyelin and X‐phospholipid were found.
Oxidative Cell Membrane Alteration: <i>Evidence for Surfactant‐Mediated Sealing</i><sup>a</sup> (1999)

Exposure to very intense ionizing irradiation produces acute tissue sequelae including inflammation, pain, and swelling that often results in tissue fibrosis and/or necrosis. Acute tissue necrosis occurs in hours when sufficiently rapid damage to membrane lipids and proteins leads to altered membrane structure, disrupting the vital electrochemical diffusion barrier necessary for cell survival. This damage mechanism is thought to underlie the interphase death of lethally irradiated postmitotic cells such as neurons, but it has also been implicated in the rapid cell death of lymphocytes and acute vascular changes due to capillary epithelium dysfunction. It is not known whether sealing of radiation-permeabilized cell membranes will prolong survival of lethally irradiated cells or perhaps lead to repair of damaged nucleic acids. The purpose of this study is to begin to address the first question.
Enhancement of the kinetics of the aeration of ethylene oxide sterilized polymers using microwave radiation (1989)

Ethylene oxide (EO) is used extensively to sterilize medical supplies that are heat sensitive. EO residues in materials post sterilization can present a hazard to patients at the point of use. Protracted aeration (i.e. degassing) times are necessary post sterilization to reduce EO residues to an accepted level. The sorption of EO into polyvinylchloride was found to be an active process given that at sorption equilibrium (i.e. when the net flow of diffusant into the host material has reduced to zero) the number of molecules of EO per unit volume was greater in PVC than in its external environment. The diffusion coefficient (D) was concentration (c) dependent and the relationship which best describes this dependence was D(c) alpha ln c. The diffusion of EO was dramatically accelerated (as evidenced by a time saving in degassing of up to 400%) if microwave heating (2.45 GHz) was used instead of conventional heating for the same macroscopic temperature. The values of activation energy for diffusion were obtained from the respective Arrhenius plots of diffusion coefficient versus inverse temperature for each process. In general, even small reductions in activation energy can greatly increase the specific rate of reaction. The relative efficacy of microwaves in eliminating EO residues as evidenced by this data occurs as a result of microwaves reducing the activation energy for diffusion by almost a factor of two. The relative efficiency of microwave desorption compared to conventional aeration offers considerable gains in the cost-effectiveness of gas sterilization since it will permit a much greater throughput of material, thereby obviating the need for excessively large inventories of equipment.
Minimally Invasive Trans-Portal Resection of Deep Intracranial Lesions (2011)

Based on a retrospective review of our experience, we feel that this access system, when used in conjunction with frameless neuronavigational systems, provides adequate visualization for tumor resection while permitting the use of standard microsurgical techniques through minimally invasive craniotomies. Our initial data indicate that this system may minimize white matter injury, but further studies are necessary.
3-D reconstruction in PET cameras with irregular sampling and depth of interaction (2001)

Presents three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction algorithms that address fully 3-D tomographic reconstruction for a septa-less, stationary, and rectangular camera. The field of view (FOV) encompasses the entire volume enclosed by detector modules capable of measuring depth of interaction (DOI). The filtered backprojection-based algorithms incorporate DOI, accommodate irregular sampling, and minimize interpolation in the data by defining lines of response between the measured interaction points. The authors use fixed-width, evenly spaced radial bins in order to use the fast Fourier transform but use irregular angular sampling to minimize the number of unnormalizable zero efficiency sinogram bins. To address persisting low-efficiency bins, the authors perform two-dimensional (2-D) nearest neighbor radial smoothing, employ a semi-iterative procedure to estimate the unsampled data, and mash the "in plane" and the first oblique projections to reconstruct the 2-D image in the 3DRP algorithm. The authors present artifact-free, essentially spatially isotropic images of Monte Carlo data with full-width at half-maximum resolutions of 1.5, 2.3, and 3.1 mm at the center, in the bulk, and in the corners of the FOV, respectively.
Heat shock factor 1 is a key regulator of the stress response in <i>Chlamydomonas</i> (2007)

We report here on the characterization of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), encoded by one of two HSF genes identified in the genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Chlamydomonas HSF1 shares features characteristic of class A HSFs of higher plants. HSF1 is weakly expressed under non-stress conditions and rapidly induced by heat shock. Heat shock also resulted in hyperphosphorylation of HSF1, and the extent of phosphorylation correlated with the degree of induction of heat shock genes, suggesting a role for phosphorylation in HSF1 activation. HSF1, like HSFs in yeasts, forms high-molecular-weight complexes, presumably trimers, under non-stress, stress and recovery conditions. Immunoprecipitation of HSF1 under these conditions led to the identification of cytosolic HSP70A as a protein constitutively interacting with HSF1. Strains in which HSF1 was strongly under-expressed by RNAi were highly sensitive to heat stress. 14C-labelling of nuclear-encoded proteins under heat stress revealed that synthesis of members of the HSP100, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60 and small HSP families in the HSF1-RNAi strains was dramatically reduced or completely abolished. This correlated with a complete loss of HSP gene induction at the RNA level. These data suggest that HSF1 is a key regulator of the stress response in Chlamydomonas.
Low absorption chlorinated liquid crystals for infrared applications (2015)

We report a wide nematic range and low absorption loss chlorinated liquid crystal mixture, designated as IR-M2, for mid-wave infrared applications. IR-M2 is quite transparent in the 3.8-5.0 μm window while keeping a high birefringence (Δn~0.194) in the infrared region and a modest dielectric anisotropy. For long-wave infrared applications, we propose another high Δn chlorinated cyanoterphenyl compound.
Determining absolute thermal expansion of titania–silica glasses: a refined ultrasonic method (1975)

Specific test conditions for determining ultrasonic velocities in titania-silica glasses are shown to improve the experimentally established linear correlation between velocity and thermal expansion. Finer surface finish, normalized thermal history (annealing), and controlled temperature for the test specimen improve the relationship. A statistical analysis shows that 5-35 degrees C average expansion coefficients can be accurately predicted from ultrasonic velocities with a standard deviation of 1 ppb/ degrees C. Excellent agreement is established between the ultrasonic predicted expansion and test results supplied by the University of Arizona Optical Sciences Center.
Hierarchical Automatic Audio Signal Classification (2004)

The design, implementation, and evaluation of a system for automatic audio signal classification is presented. The signals are classified according to audio type, differentiating between three speech classes, 13 musical genres, and background noise. A large number of audio features are evaluated for their suitability in such a classification task, including MPEG-7 descriptors and several new features. The selection of the features is carried out systematically with regard to their robustness to noise and bandwidth changes, as well as to their ability to distinguish a given set of audio types. Direct and hierarchical approaches for the feature selection and for the classification are evaluated and compared.
Venous Thrombosis Made Easy (1986)

Modern techniques for the diagnosis of venous thrombosis have shown that up to two thirds of venous thrombi are silent and are never detected clinically, and that thrombi are present only half the time when signs and symptoms suggest their presence. Thus, the use of objective diagnostic tests is essential before a patient is subjected to a course of anticoagulant treatment. Although the frequency of fatal pulmonary embolism underscores the need to identify venous thrombosis before embolization occurs, the diagnostic tools available tend to be nonspecific or inconvenient and expensive, and the prospect of choosing from among phlebography, blood tests, . . .
Manufacturing 3: manufacturing process modeling of Boeing 747 moving line concepts (2002)

There are thousands of jobs performed on the Queen of the Sky, the Boeing 747, final assembly line for each airplane. When the decision was made to implement a moving line for the final assembly of the 747 it was absolutely necessary to evaluate many aspects of these jobs. Discrete event simulation models were constructed to analyze numerous 747 final assembly moving line scenarios throughout several phases. These models not only presented a visual understanding of different concepts, but also provided quantitative analysis of suggested scenarios to the moving line team. The results presented highly optimized production flows and processes, reducing cost and flow time from the traditionally 24 days to the targeted possible 18 days. This work outlined some of the moving line concepts, modeling objectives, and simulation analysis. Utilizations of different assembly positions were yielded as the result of discrete simulation modeling of many bundled jobs and stands of the 747 final assembly operation.
Controlled Production of Stable Heterologous Proteins in <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> (2002)

The use of Lactococcus lactis (the most extensively characterized lactic acid bacterium) as a delivery organism for heterologous proteins is, in some cases, limited by low production levels and poor-quality products due to surface proteolysis. In this study, we combined in one L. lactis strain use of the nisin-inducible promoter P(nisA) and inactivation of the extracellular housekeeping protease HtrA. The ability of the mutant strain, designated htrA-NZ9000, to produce high levels of stable proteins was confirmed by using the staphylococcal nuclease (Nuc) and the following four heterologous proteins fused or not fused to Nuc that were initially unstable in wild-type L. lactis strains: (i) Staphylococcus hyicus lipase, (ii) the bovine rotavirus antigen nonstructural protein 4, (iii) human papillomavirus antigen E7, and (iv) Brucella abortus antigen L7/L12. In all cases, protein degradation was significantly lower in strain htrA-NZ9000, demonstrating the usefulness of this strain for stable heterologous protein production.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme Systems. Use in the Development of Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors as Agrochemicals (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.