gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Average SNR of a generalized diversity selection combining scheme (1999)

The average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a generalized selection combining scheme, in which the m diversity branches (m/spl les/L, where L is the total number of diversity branches available) with the largest instantaneous SNRs are selected and coherently combined, is derived. A Rayleigh fading channel is assumed, and a simple closed-form expression for the SNR is found which is upper bounded by the average SNR of maximal ratio combining, and lower bounded by average SNR of conventional selection combining.
Bidirectional association between migraine and fibromyalgia: retrospective cohort analyses of two populations (2019)

The present study revealed a bidirectional link between FM and migraine.
EYE-TRAC: monitoring attention and utility for mTBI (2012)

Attention is a core function in cognition and also the most prevalent cognitive deficit in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Predictive timing is an essential element of attention functioning because sensory processing and execution of goal-oriented behavior are facilitated by temporally accurate prediction. It is hypothesized that impaired synchronization between prediction and external events accounts for the attention deficit in mTBI. Other cognitive and somatic or affective symptoms associated with mTBI may be explained as secondary consequences of impaired predictive timing. Eye-Tracking Rapid Attention Computation (EYE-TRAC) is the quantification of predictive timing with indices of dynamic visuo-motor synchronization (DVS) between the gaze and the target during continuous predictive visual tracking. Such quantification allows for cognitive performance monitoring in comparison to the overall population as well as within individuals over time. We report preliminary results of normative data and data collected from subjects with a history of mTBI within 2 weeks of injury and post-concussive symptoms at the time of recruitment. A substantial proportion of mTBI subjects demonstrated DVS scores worse than 95% of normal subjects. In addition, longitudinal monitoring of acute mTBI subjects showed that initially abnormal DVS scores were followed by improvement toward the normal range. In summary, EYE-TRAC provides fast and objective indices of DVS that allow comparison of attention performance to a normative standard and monitoring of within-individual changes.
Probing the mechanical properties of vertically-stacked ultrathin graphene/Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> heterostructures (2019)

The superior intrinsic mechanical properties of graphene have been widely studied and utilized to enhance the mechanical properties of various composite materials. However, it is still unclear how heterostructures incorporating graphene behave, and to what extent graphene influences their mechanical response. In this work, a series of graphene/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite films were fabricated via atomic layer deposition of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on graphene, and their mechanical behavior was studied using an experimental-computational approach. The inclusion of monolayer chemical vapor deposited graphene between ultrathin Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> films (1.5-4.5 nm thickness) was found to enhance the overall stiffness by as much as 70% compared to a pure Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> film of similar thickness (∼150 GPa to ∼250 GPa). Here, for the first time, the combination of graphene and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in vertically-stacked heterostructures results in advanced hybrid films of unprecedented mechanical stiffness that also possess qualities desirable for graphene-based transistors and flexible electronics.
Transcription profiling of C/EBP targets identifies Per2 as a gene implicated in myeloid leukemia (2005)

CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate cell growth and differentiation in numerous cell types. To identify novel C/EBP-target genes, we performed transcriptional profiling using inducible NIH 3T3 cell lines expressing 1 of 4 members of the C/EBP family. Functional analysis revealed a previously unknown link between C/EBP proteins and circadian clock genes. Our microarray data showed that the expression levels of 2 core components of the circadian network, Per2 and Rev-Erbalpha, were significantly altered by C/EBPs. Recent studies suggested that Per2 behaves as a tumor suppressor gene in mice. Therefore, we focused our additional studies on Per2. We showed that Per2 expression is up-regulated by C/EBPalpha and C/EBPepsilon. Per2 levels were reduced in lymphoma cell lines and in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples. In addition, we generated stable K562 cells that expressed an inducible Per2 gene. Induction of Per2 expression resulted in growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and loss of clonogenic ability. These results suggest that Per2 is a downstream C/EBPalpha-target gene involved in AML, and its disruption might be involved in initiation and/or progression of AML.
Effects of Acute β-Adrenergic Blockade on Blood and Muscle Lactate Concentration during Submaximal Exercise (1983)

Heart rate and blood and muscle lactate concentrations were studied in 15 physically active males during submaximal exercise before and after oral administration of 80 mg propranolol (Inderal). First, a cycle exercise protocol, with a stepwise increased exercise intensity (30 W every 4 min until voluntary exhaustion) was performed before and after beta-blockade. Blood samples for lactate determination were obtained before each exercise intensity increase. In a second set of experiments, the procedure was repeated before and after beta-blockade, but exercise was terminated at the exercise corresponding to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol X l-1 l-1, as determined beforehand without beta-blockade (i.e., the same absolute work load was compared with and without beta-blockade), and a muscle biopsy was taken from m. vastus lateralis for subsequent lactate analyses. Following beta-blockade at low and high work loads, the heart rate decreased similarly by 22%-26%. Blood lactate concentration was unchanged at exercise intensities up to 150 W. At higher exercise intensities (180-240 W), a significant increase (P less than 0.05 - P less than 0.01) in blood lactate concentration occurred after beta-blockade. Muscle lactate concentration was unaffected by beta-blockade at a work load (130-230 W) where blood lactate was higher with than without blockade. Assuming a reduced blood flow to the exercising muscle, there are reasons to speculate that lactate production was diminished following beta-blockade even though blood lactate increased probably as a result of reduced lactate uptake by other organs.
Specific transcripts are elevated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to DNA damage. (1984)

Differential hybridization has been used to identify genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae displaying increased transcript levels after treatment of cells with UV irradiation or with the mutagen/carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO). We describe the isolation and characterization of four DNA damage responsive genes obtained from screening ca. 9,000 yeast genomic clones. Two of these clones, lambda 78A and pBR178C, contain repetitive elements in the yeast genome as shown by Southern hybridization analysis. Although the genomic hybridization pattern is distinct for each of these two clones, both of these sequences hybridize to large polyadenylated transcripts ca. 5 kilobases in length. Two other DNA damage responsive sequences, pBRA2 and pBR3016B, are single-copy genes and hybridize to 0.5- and 3.2-kilobase transcripts, respectively. Kinetic analysis of the 0.5-kilobase transcript homologous to pBRA2 indicates that the level of this RNA increases more than 15-fold within 20 min after exposure to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. Moreover, the level of this transcript is significantly elevated in cells containing the rad52-1 mutation which are deficient in DNA strand break repair and gene conversion. These results provide some of the first evidence that DNA damage stimulates transcription of specific genes in eucaryotic cells.
A 6K-gate CMOS gate array (1982)

An array, with Propagation delays well into the subnanosecond region, featuring 2μm design rules and double layer metalization, will be reported.
Variable Photophysical Properties of Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Triggered by <i>closo</i>‐ and <i>nido</i>‐Carborane Substitution (2013)

Phosphoreszierende IrIII-Komplexe mit drei carboranfunktionalisierten zweizähnigen Liganden wurden synthetisiert. Die Lumineszenz des facial koordinierten Komplexes fac-o mit o-Carboran-Substituenten hängt in Lösung und im Festkörper vom Vorhandensein von Lösungsmittelmolekülen ab. Der wasserlösliche, stark phosphoreszierende nido-Komplex nido-fac-o kann in biologischen Fluoreszenzverfahren genutzt werden.
Uncertain Fuzzy Clustering: Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Approach to $C$-Means (2007)

In many pattern recognition applications, it may be impossible in most cases to obtain perfect knowledge or information for a given pattern set. Uncertain information can create imperfect expressions for pattern sets in various pattern recognition algorithms. Therefore, various types of uncertainty may be taken into account when performing several pattern recognition methods. When one performs clustering with fuzzy sets, fuzzy membership values express assignment availability of patterns for clusters. However, when one assigns fuzzy memberships to a pattern set, imperfect information for a pattern set involves uncertainty which exist in the various parameters that are used in fuzzy membership assignment. When one encounters fuzzy clustering, fuzzy membership design includes various uncertainties (e.g., distance measure, fuzzifier, prototypes, etc.). In this paper, we focus on the uncertainty associated with the fuzzifier parameter m that controls the amount of fuzziness of the final C-partition in the fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm. To design and manage uncertainty for fuzzifier m, we extend a pattern set to interval type-2 fuzzy sets using two fuzzifiers m <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1 </sub> and m <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> which creates a footprint of uncertainty (FOU) for the fuzzifier m. Then, we incorporate this interval type-2 fuzzy set into FCM to observe the effect of managing uncertainty from the two fuzzifiers. We also provide some solutions to type-reduction and defuzzification (i.e., cluster center updating and hard-partitioning) in FCM. Several experimental results are given to show the validity of our method
Mediation of Micturition Reflex by Central Norepinephrine from the Locus Coeruleus in the Cat (1990)

We examined whether norepinephrine originating in the locus coeruleus mediates the micturition reflex in anesthetized cats. 6-Hydroxydopamine, a catecholamine neurotoxin, injected bilaterally into the locus coeruleus markedly decreased catecholamine fluorescence in the lesioned area and induced urinary retention after 72 to 84 hr. At this time, there was no or only slight contraction of the urinary bladder induced by its distension, while the contraction was noted before the treatment. However, phenylephrine, an alpha 1-receptor agonist, applied intrathecally in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated animals induced moderate bladder contraction. In sham-operated animals, the bladder contraction on its distension was inhibited by intrathecally applied prazosin, an alpha 1-receptor antagonist. Thus, in the micturition reflex, norepinephrine derived from the locus coeruleus acts on the alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in the sacral cord, and induces urinary bladder contraction via activation of the sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons.
A Novel Broadband Planar Antenna for 2G/3G/LTE Base Stations (2013)

A novel broadband planar antenna is developed for mobile communication base stations. The antenna is composed of a pair of folded dipoles which are coupling fed by an L-shaped microstrip line. Both the dipoles and the coupling microstrip line are etched on the same substrate. The planar antenna achieves a bandwidth of 53% for return loss} > 15 dBi covering the frequency range 1.65-2.85 GHz for 2G/3G/LTE applications. The antenna gain of the broadband antenna element is about 9 dBi. A 45° dual-polarized planar antenna consisting of two broadband antenna elements is proposed, which achieves a bandwidth of about 50% and an isolation of 30 dB. Two 8-element antenna arrays are developed respectively for the broadband antenna and for the ${pm}45^{circ}$ dual-polarized antenna. Both antenna arrays achieve a bandwidth of more than 58% (1.6-2.9 GHz). The antenna gains achieved for the both antenna arrays are higher than 15.5 dBi. The half-power beam widths in the horizontal plane for the antenna arrays are approximately 65pm ± 10°, suitable for base station applications.
Bt corn and European corn borer (1997)

Authors and Contributors: J.F. Witkowski, J.L. Wedberg, K.L. Steffey, P.E. Sloderbeck, B.D. Siegfried, M.E. Rice, C.D. Pilcher, D.W. Onstad, C.E. Mason, L.C. Lewis, D.A. Landis, A.J. Keaster, F. Huang, R.A. Higgins, M.J. Haas, M.E. Gray, K.L. Giles, J.E. Foster, P.M. Davis, D.D. Calvin, L.L. Buschman, P.C. Bolin, B.D. Barry, D.A. Andow & D.N. Alstad. Bt Corn & European Corn Borer Seed companies are now marketing Bt corn, one of the first tangible fruits of biotechnology that has practical implications for U.S. and Canadian corn farmers. Bt corn hybrids produce an insecticidal protein derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, commonly called Bt. These hybrids provide protection against the European corn borer equal to, and usually far greater than, optimally timed insecticides. Rapid introduction of Bt corn hybrids creates uncertainty about the technology and new questions about its use. What is Bt corn? How is it made? How does it work? What is the best way to use it? Is it worth the added cost? This publication provides an overview of Bt corn, an innovative technology for managing European corn borer, and discusses how to use this technology for long-term profitability. Why manage European corn borer? European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, is the most damaging insect pest of corn throughout the United States and Canada (Figs. 1 and 2). Losses resulting from European corn borer damage and control costs exceed $1 billion each year. For example, losses during a 1995 outbreak in Minnesota alone exceeded $285 million. A recent four-year study in Iowa indicated average losses near 13 bushels per acre in both first and second generations of European corn borer, for total losses of about 25 bushels per acre.
Paternally biased X inactivation in mouse neonatal brain (2010)

The bias toward paternal X inactivation is reminiscent of marsupials (and extraembryonic tissues in eutherians), suggesting that there may be retained an evolutionarily conserved epigenetic mark driving the bias. Allelic bias in expression is also influenced by the sampling effect of X inactivation and by cis-acting regulatory variation (eQTL), and for each gene we quantify the contributions of these effects in two different mouse strain combinations while controlling for variability in Xce alleles. In addition, we propose an efficient method to identify and confirm genes that escape X inactivation in normal mice by directly comparing the allele-specific expression ratio profile of multiple X-linked genes in multiple individuals.
Posterior Internal Fixation with Screw Plates in Traumatic Lesions of the Cervical Spine (1991)

Posterior internal fixation associated with bone fusion is indicated in those traumatic cervical spines in which an additional posterior direct action is required to achieve reduction and/or decompression. The internal fixation device is represented by screw plates allowing strong anchorage, short fixation, and light postoperative immobilization. Twenty-three cases of posterior internal fixation in traumatic cervical spines are presented. In selected cases, the results can be estimated as very good with respect to instability, spinal balance involvement, canal stenosis, and reversible neurologic involvement.
Aggregation of human RBC in binary dextran–PEG polymer mixtures (2001)

The present study was prompted by prior reports suggesting that small polymers can affect RBC aggregation induced by large macromolecules. Human RBC were washed and re-suspended in isotonic buffer solutions containing 72.5 kDa dextran (DEX 70, 2 g/dl) or 35.0 kDa poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 35, 0.35 g/dl), then tested for aggregation in these solutions with and without various concentrations of smaller dextrans (10.5 and 18.1 kDa) or PEGs (3.35, 7.5 and 10.0 kDa). RBC aggregation was measured at stasis and at low shear using a photometric cone-plate system (Myrenne Aggregometer) and RBC electrophoretic mobility (EPM) in the various polymer solutions via an automated system (E4, HaSoTec GmbH). Our results indicate: (1) a heterogeneous effect with greater reduction of aggregation for small PEGs added to DEX 70 or for small dextrans added to PEG 35 than for small polymers of the same species; (2) for cells in DEX 70, aggregation decreased with increasing molecular mass and concentration of the small dextrans or PEGs; (3) for cells in PEG 35, small dextrans decreased aggregation with increasing molecular mass and concentration, whereas small PEGs had minimal effects with a minor influence of concentration and an inverse association between molecular mass and inhibition of aggregation. RBC EPM results indicated the expected polymer depletion for cells in DEX 70 or PEG 35, and that small PEGs yielded greater EPM values than small dextrans for cells in PEG 35 whereas the opposite was true for cells in DEX 70. Interpretation of our results in terms of the depletion model for RBC aggregations appears appropriate, and our findings are consistent with the assumption that inhibition of aggregation occurs because of an increase of small molecules in the depletion region. Our results thus suggest the merit of further studies of red blood cell aggregation in binary polymer systems.
Trityl Ethers: Molecular Bevel Gears Reporting Chirality through Circular Dichroism Spectra (2009)

More than a protecting group: The trityl group senses the chirality of an alkyl substituent in chiral trityl ethers. The CD spectra of trityl-protected alcohols are highly sensitive to the chirality of the alcohol. The use of a trityl CD sensor provides new insight into the structure and mode of action of chiral molecular bevel gears and shows the relation between the absolute configurations of molecules and their Cotton effect patterns.
Conditional deletion of the <i>Bcl-x</i> gene from erythroid cells results in hemolytic anemia and profound splenomegaly (2000)

Bcl-x is a member of the Bcl2 family and has been suggested to be important for the survival and maturation of various cell types including the erythroid lineage. To define the consequences of Bcl-x loss in erythroid cells and other adult tissues, we have generated mice conditionally deficient in the Bcl-x gene using the Cre-loxP recombination system. The temporal and spatial excision of the floxed Bcl-x locus was achieved by expressing the Cre recombinase gene under control of the MMTV-LTR. By the age of five weeks, Bcl-x conditional mutant mice exhibited hyperproliferation of megakaryocytes and a decline in the number of circulating platelets. Three-month-old animals suffered from severe hemolytic anemia, hyperplasia of immature erythroid cells and profound enlargement of the spleen. We demonstrate that Bcl-x is only required for the survival of erythroid cells at the end of maturation, which includes enucleated reticulocytes in circulation. The extensive proliferation of immature erythroid cells in the spleen and bone marrow might be the result of a fast turnover of late red blood cell precursors and accelerated erythropoiesis in response to tissue hypoxia. The increase in cell death of late erythroid cells is independent from the proapoptotic factor Bax, as demonstrated in conditional double mutant mice for Bcl-x and Bax. Mice conditionally deficient in Bcl-x permitted us for the first time to study the effects of Bcl-x deficiency on cell proliferation, maturation and survival under physiological conditions in an adult animal.
Bimetallic nanopetals for thousand-fold fluorescence enhancements (2010)

We present a simple, ultra-rapid and robust method to create sharp nanostructures—nanopetals—in a shape memory polymer substrate demonstrating unprecedented enhancements for surface enhanced sensing over large surface areas. These bimetallic nanostructures demonstrate extremely strong surface plasmon resonance effects due to the high density multifaceted petal structures that increase the probability of forming nanogaps. We demonstrate that our nanopetals exhibit extremely strong surface plasmons, confining the emission and enhancing the fluorescence intensity of the nearby high-quantum yield fluorescein by &gt;4000×. The enhancements are confined to the extremely small volumes at the nanopetal borders. This enables us to achieve single molecule detection at relatively high and physiological concentrations.
BUS PRIORITY BY SELECTIVE DETECTION (1988)

This study forms part of an overall review of bus priority measures and their evaluation, currently being undertaken for TRRL. It contains a review of the state-of-the-art of selective detection in Great Britain. It examines the various potential techniques and gives details of existing installations and their performance. This is followed by a consideration of the potential impacts of bus service deregulation on bus priority measures resulting from the transport act, 1985, with particular reference to selective detection. The key area involving the choice and optimisation of control strategies is considered in detail. An analytical method of assessment was developed for this study based on original work at TRRL. Simulation techniques, although considered preferable, could not be adequately developed within the scope of this study. An overall evaluation methodology is described, with examples which is based on the researchers' recent framework for the evaluation of bus lanes. For other studies undertaken as part of the review of bus priority measures see contractor report nos 87 and 89 (IRRD 816383 and 816385 respectively).
Oxidative phenol coupling catalyzed by polymer‐bound copper‐imidazole complexes (1992)

Abstract Polymer‐bound imidazole‐copper(II) complexes were investigated and applied as catalysts for oxidative coupling (polymerization) of 2,6‐dialkylphenols. These polymeric catalysts were also immobilized on silica particles through adsorption, quaternization and grafting. Especially, the grafted catalysts showed interesting catalytic properties, e.g. good specificity for C‐O coupling and very good stability during prolonged use in continuous processes. This stability furnished new information about the mechanism of the oxidative coupling polymerization. Finally, this reaction was optimized for the preparation of PPO‐type telechelics.
Unsteady burning of thin-layer pool fires (2011)

The burning behavior of circular, thin-layer n-heptane pool fires having a diameter of 0.2 m and initial fuel thicknesses of 6.5 mm and 13 mm were experimentally studied. Fire parameters and temperature distribution in fuel were recorded during the experiments. Results show that flame height and burning rate exhibited different stages for fires with different thickness of fuel layer, while flame temperature was independent of the fuel layer and was almost constant. The fuel surface temperature increased to its boiling point, with the temperature of fuel below the surface starting to rise shortly after ignition. A boiling zone was formed that increased with time for the thicker fuel layer. A theoretical analysis based on a heat-transfer model is proposed to explain the differences in heat transfer between the liquid and environment during the different burning phases. Reasons for the increase of burning rate are introduced.