gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-15 <i>Trans</i>-Signaling with the Superagonist RLI Promotes Effector/Memory CD8+ T Cell Responses and Enhances Antitumor Activity of PD-1 Antagonists (2016)

Abstract Tumors with the help of the surrounding environment facilitate the immune suppression in patients, and immunotherapy can counteract this inhibition. Among immunotherapeutic strategies, the immunostimulatory cytokine IL-15 could represent a serious candidate for the reactivation of antitumor immunity. However, exogenous IL-15 may have a limited impact on patients with cancer due to its dependency on IL-15Rα frequently downregulated in cancer patients. In this work, we studied the antitumor activity of the IL-15 superagonist receptor-linker–IL-15 (RLI), designed to bypass the need of endogenous IL-15Rα. RLI consists of human IL-15 covalently linked to the human IL-15Rα sushi+ domain. In a mouse model of colorectal carcinoma, RLI as a stand-alone treatment could limit tumor outgrowth only when initiated at an early time of tumor development. At a later time, RLI was not effective, coinciding with the strong accumulation of terminally exhausted programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)high T cell Ig mucin-3+ CD8+ T cells, suggesting that RLI was not able to reactivate terminally exhausted CD8+ T cells. Combination with PD-1 blocking Ab showed synergistic activity with RLI, but not with IL-15. RLI could induce a greater accumulation of memory CD8+ T cells and a stronger effector function in comparison with IL-15. Ex vivo stimulation of tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes from 16 patients with renal cell carcinoma demonstrated 56% of a strong tumor-infiltrated lymphocyte reactivation with the combination anti–PD-1/RLI compared with 43 and 6% with RLI or anti–PD-1, respectively. Altogether, this work provides evidence that the sushi–IL-15Rα/IL-15 fusion protein RLI enhances antitumor activity of anti–PD-1 treatment and is a promising approach to stimulate host immunity.
PDC bit technology improvements increase efficiency, bit life (2005)

Improvements in PDC bit hydraulics, cutters and bit dynamic stability have resulted in continuous significantly increased average rates of penetration and bit life.
Mutation in kallikrein 4 causes autosomal recessive hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta (2004)

Serine protease functionality is based on nucleophilic attack of a targeted peptidic bond by a serine. The serine protease superfamily is extremely diverse and includes proteases such as plasminogen, prostatin, hepsin, the kallikrein family ( KLK genes clustered on chromosome 19.13), and a recently discovered cluster of tryptic-like serine proteases located on human chromosome 16p13.1,2 Serine protease mutations have been reported as causative in only a few autosomal recessive human hereditary conditions, which produce diverse pathological conditions.3,4 We report the first human kallikrein mutation and describe its association with a rare autosomal recessive form of amelogenesis imperfecta.

The amelogenesis imperfectas are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by faulty development of the tooth enamel due to hypoplasia or hypomineralisation.5 The amelogenesis imperfecta phenotypes vary widely depending on the specific gene involved, the location and type of mutation, and the corresponding putative change at the protein level.6,7 The amelogenesis imperfecta enamel defects can be broadly divided into hypoplastic (enamel crystallites do not grow to the correct length) and hypomineralised (crystallites fail to grow in thickness or width) phenotypes. The prevalence of amelogenesis imperfecta varies in different countries (ranging from 1 in 700 in Sweden to 1 in 14 000 in the United States) suggesting allele frequency differences between populations.8–11 Amelogenesis imperfecta can be inherited as an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked Mendelian trait. While autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta types are most common in the United States and Europe, autosomal recessive amelogenesis imperfecta types are more common in the Middle East.8,10,11

Dental enamel is the most highly mineralised tissue in the human body with 85% of its volume occupied by highly organised carbonate substituted hydroxyapatite crystals.12 These crystallites are packed into a highly ordered decussating prism …
A Stepwise Electron-Transfer Relay Mimicking the Primary Charge Separation in Bacterial Photosynthetic Reaction Center (1996)

The synthesis and excited-state dynamics are described for zinc-methylenechlorin−porphyrin−pyromellitimide triads, ZC−HP−I and ZC−ZP−I, and related dyads ZC−HP, ZC−ZP, HP−I, and ZP−I, where ZC, HP, ZP, and I indicate a zinc-methylenechlorin, a free-base porphyrin, a zinc-porphyrin, and pyromellitimide, respectively. In the steady-state fluorescence spectra of ZC−HP, ZC−HP−I, ZC−ZP, and ZC−ZP−I, only the emission from ZC is commonly observed, indicating efficient intramolecular singlet−singlet excitation energy transfer from HP or ZP to ZC. ZC−HP−I undergoes a stepwise electron-transfer relay: 1(ZC)*−HP−1 → (ZC)+−(HP)-−I → (ZC)+−HP−(I)- with overall quantum yields of 0.70 and 0.07 in THF and DMF, respectively. In ZC−ZP−I, a pre-formed equilibrium between 1(ZC)*−ZP−I and (ZC)+−(ZP)-−I is followed by a rapid charge-shift reaction to provide a secondary ion-pair state (ZC)+−ZP−(I)- with the overall quantum yield of 0.90 and 0.47 in THF and DMF, respectively. The intermediate ion-pair state (ZC)+−(ZP)-−I is stabilized enough so as to be clearly detected in DMF, while it is slightly higher in energy than 1(ZC)* in THF, rendering its detection difficult.
Chromosome variation in ginseng cells transformed with the rolC plant oncogene. (2000)

Chromosome numbers were studied in ginseng cell line 1c transformed with Agrobacterium rhizo- genes strain A4, which carried plasmid pRiA4, and with A. tumefaciens strain GV3101, which carried vector pPCV002-35S rolC. As compared with the nontransformed cell line 1c, tumor cell cultures 1c-A4 and 1c- rolC and the tissues of rolC teratoma (excluding leaves) displayed higher polyploidy and aneuploidy. The 1c-A4 and 1c- rolC hairy-root cultures also had aneuploid and polyploid cells, but the chromosome variation was lower than in tumor cells or the initial culture 1c. Generally, an increase of chromosome variation in cultivated cells was the main effect of the integration of several oncogenes, which were in A. rhizogenes A4 T-DNA, or of the indi- vidual rolC gene in the ginseng genome. Another effect consisted in stabilization of the chromosome number in some differentiated transgenic tissues. Possible reasons for this effect are discussed.
Simultaneous fat saturation and magnetization transfer contrast imaging with steady‐state incoherent sequences (2014)

Purpose This work combines an n ‐dimensional fat sat(uration) radiofrequency (RF) pulse with steady‐state incoherent (SSI) pulse sequences, e.g., spoiled gradient‐echo sequence, to simultaneously produce B 0 insensitive fat suppression and magnetization transfer (MT) contrast. This pulse is then referred to as “fat sat and MT contrast pulse.” Theory We discuss the features of the fat sat and MT contrast pulse and the MT sensitivities of the SSI sequences when combining with fat sat. Moreover, we also introduce an adapted RF spoiling scheme for SSI sequences with fat sat. Methods: Simulations and phantom experiments were conducted to demonstrate the adapted RF spoiling. Fat suppression and MT effects are shown in 3T phantom experiments and in vivo experiments, including brain imaging, cartilage imaging, and angiography. Results To ensure that the sequence reaches steady state, the adapted RF spoiling is required for fat sat SSI sequences. Fat sat and MT contrast pulse works robustly with field inhomogeneity and also produces MT contrasts. Conclusion SSI sequences with fat sat and MT contrast pulse and adapted RF spoiling can robustly produce fat suppressed and MT contrast images in the presence of field inhomogeneity. Magn Reson Med 74:739–746, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Closing Argument to the Jury for the Defense in Criminal Cases (1967)

For a number of years G. Arthur Martin has lectured at Northwestern University's annual Short Course for Defense Lawyers in Criminal Cases. His address on Closing Arguments to the Jury for the Defense in Criminal Cases has always been received with acclaim. We are here privileged to perpetuate it in printed form. Mr. Martin is one of the world's great defense lawyers in criminal cases. He is also highly respected for his integrity and professional ethics by his fellow members of the Canadian Bar, as is evidenced by their selection of him to serve as Chairman of the Discipline Committee of the Law Society of Upper Canada. Another testimonial to that effect is his recent (1966) election as a Life Bencher of that Society. Mr. Martin is a Gold Medalist graduate in law at both Toronto University (1935) and Osgoode Hall Law School (1938), and the recipient of an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Queen's University (1962). He was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1945, and he is an honorary lecturer at Osgoode Hall Law School.
Bax Homodimerization Is Not Required for Bax to Accelerate Chemotherapy-induced Cell Death (1996)

Bax, a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, has been shown to accelerate apoptosis induced by growth factor withdrawal, gamma-irradiation, and the chemotherapeutic agent, etoposide. The mechanism by which Bax promotes apoptosis is poorly understood. Bax forms homodimers which have been suggested to act as accelerators or inducers of cell death. However, the requirement for homodimerization of Bax to promote cell death remains unclear. We performed site-directed mutagenesis of the BH1, BH2, and BH3 in Bax to determine the regions of Bax required for homodimerization and to define the role of Bax homodimers in cell death induced by chemotherapy drugs. Bax proteins expressing alanine substitutions of the highly conserved amino acids glycine 108 (G108) in BH1, tryptophan 158 (W158) in BH2, and glycine 67 and aspartic acid 68 (GD67-68) in BH3 as well as deletion of the most conserved amino acids in BH1 (Delta102-112) and BH2 (Delta151-159) and deletion of BH3 (Delta63-71) maintained their ability to accelerate chemotherapy-induced cell death. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Bax with deletions in BH1 and BH2 still associated with wild-type Bax while deletion of BH3 disrupted Bax homodimerization. These results demonstrate that Bax does not require the conserved regions of homology, BH1, BH2, or BH3, to accelerate chemotherapy-induced cell death. Furthermore, our results established BH3 as a region required for Bax homodimerization in mammalian cells and demonstrate that monomeric forms of Bax are active in accelerating cell death induced by chemotherapy agents.
In Vitro Bioassay of Inhibin in Testes of Normal and Cryptorchid Rats* (1983)

An in vitro inhibin bioassay method based on suppression of the FSH content in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells was applied to charcoal-treated testicular extracts of normal and bilaterally cryptorchid rats. The validity of the method was established from the statistical evidence of parallelism between dose-response curves of the rat testicular extract (RTE) and an ovine testicular lymph reference preparation. From 10 bioassays, an average index of precision of 0.11 and an interassay coefficient of variation of 16.3% were obtained. The specificity of the bioassay in the measurement of RTE was based on the following criteria: (1) the suppression of pituitary cell FSH content, but not LH; (2) the activity was not due to cytotoxic effects of RTE in the bioassay system,as assessed by a 51Cr release cytotoxicity test; (3) the activity was absent from kidney and liver extracts; (4) the active material in RTE was a proteinaceous macromolecule with a molecular weight above 17,000, as determined by gel filtration; and (5) no evidence of any synergistic or antagonistic factors in RTE. After the induction of cryptorchidism, testicular inhibin levels were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced after 1 week, reaching 10% of the levels in normal animals by 6 weeks. Serum concentrations of FSH and LH in cryptorchid animals were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated by 3 days and reached levels 3–4 times those found in corresponding sham-operated controls by 6 weeks. In relating the testicular inhibin content of these animals with serum concentrations of FSH or LH, a significant (P < 0.001) inverse correlation (r = -0.74 for FSH and r = -0.60 for LH) was obtained. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibin is involved in the physiological feedback regulation of pituitary FSH secretion.
Epitaxial Al Schottky contacts formed on (111) GaAs (1990)

Epitaxial (111)A1/(111)GaAs Schottky contacts are formed using molecular beam epitaxy. The epitaxial relationship is determined by transmission electron microscopy. The interface is found to be abrupt and of an atomic order. Schottky barrier heights are measured by current-voltage and capacitance-voltage methods. The Schottky barrier height for a (111) surface is found to be stable under 450 °C annealing in a N2 atmosphere.
Improved Sensorless Vector Control for Induction Motor Drives Fed by a Matrix Converter Using Nonlinear Modeling and Disturbance Observer (2006)

This paper presents a new sensorless vector control system for high performance induction motor drives fed by a matrix converter with nonlinearity compensation and disturbance observer. The nonlinear voltage distortion that is caused by commutation delay and on-state voltage drop in switching device is corrected by a new matrix converter modeling. The lumped disturbances such as parameter variation and load disturbance of the system are estimated by the radial basis function network (RBFN). An adaptive observer is also employed to bring better responses at the low speed operation. Experimental results are shown to illustrate the performance of the proposed system.
Permutation-information-theory approach to unveil delay dynamics from time-series analysis (2010)

In this paper an approach to identify delay phenomena from time series is developed. We show that it is possible to perform a reliable time delay identification by using quantifiers derived from information theory, more precisely, permutation entropy and permutation statistical complexity. These quantifiers show clear extrema when the embedding delay τ of the symbolic reconstruction matches the characteristic time delay τ(S) of the system. Numerical data originating from a time delay system based on the well-known Mackey-Glass equations operating in the chaotic regime were used as test beds. We show that our method is straightforward to apply and robust to additive observational and dynamical noise. Moreover, we find that the identification of the time delay is even more efficient in a noise environment. Our permutation approach is also able to recover the time delay in systems with low feedback rate or high nonlinearity.
Effects of Dan Shen preparations on blood and urine components in rats with renal failure (1993)

Abstract Two Dan Shen preparations commercially available in China were given intraperitoneally to rats with renal failure in order to investigate their effects on blood and urine components. In rats given an injection of compound Dan Shen composed of Dan Shen and Jiang Xiang, effects similar to those found after administration of magnesium lithospermate B (the active constituent of Dan Shen) alone were observed. In contrast, in rats given noncompound Dan Shen containing almost no magnesium lithospermate B as revealed by high‐performance liquid chromatographic analysis, there was a significant decrease only in the blood levels of urea nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus.
Essential Chemical Characteristics for Drugs (2001)

A database comprising about 1, 500 drugs clinically used in Japan has been constructed aiming to mine the information regarding essential chemical characteristics suitable for drugs. The ring systems and functional groups observed in drugs have been extracted and compiled into a part of the database. Although the relevant information is relatively biased, it would assist drug designers in the selection of chemical scaffolds and functional groups.
Polyethyleneimine-Modified MCM-48 Membranes:  Effect of Water Vapor and Feed Concentration on N<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> Selectivity (2007)

Ordered mesoporous MCM-48 membranes with cubic pore structure were prepared by the solution growth method on symmetric α-alumina supports using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a surfactant. The surfactant was removed by Soxhlet extraction using an ethanol/HCl mixture to synthesize defect-free MCM-48 membranes as confirmed by N2 unsteady-state permeation. MCM-48 membranes and powders were successfully modified with a polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI) containing amino groups as confirmed by N2 adsorption−desorption data, X-ray diffraction, Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2 unsteady-state permeation experiments. The PEI/MCM-48 membranes were permeable to N2 after pore modification, suggesting incomplete filling of MCM-48 pores by PEI, which was confirmed by the N2 adsorption−desorption experiments on the bulk PEI/MCM-48 powder. The PEI-modified MCM-48 membranes were highly selective to N2 permeation from N2/CO2 mixtures at room temperature in the presence of ∼2.6% water vapor. Binary-gas N2/CO2 permeation data for the PEI-modified MCM-48 membranes showed much-higher N2 permeance as compared to CO2 permeance in the presence of water vapor. The selectivities increased with CO2 concentration in the feed, and selectivities greater than 80 were observed. The N2/CO2 selectivities diminished significantly at 363 K for the PEI/MCM-48 membranes.
A consolidated power saving architecture accommodating push-type applications for dual-mode devices (2010)

Dual-mode devices, that have multiple network interfaces, have recently attracted both users and operators. Users are enabled to enjoy rich contents via high-speed and low-cost WLAN access. On the other hand, data offloading to WLAN network reduces operators' equipment cost for network infrastructure. However, a WLAN interface consumes much power even in the power save mode so that dual-mode devices would be totally unsatisfactory to users. This paper presents a consolidated solution available to many push applications to achieve “deep-sleep mode” in which WLAN interface is switched off as much as possible if not used. Application servers notify the dual-mode device of the event generation (e.g. receiving an incoming call, arriving an email, etc.). Receiving the notification, the dual-mode device activates WLAN interface and communicates with the application servers. We also implemented a prototype system, and experimental results show our method can reduce total power consumption.
Definition und Messung der Mischgüte in flüssigen Gemischen (1979)

Abstract Definition and measurement of quality of mixing in liquid mixtures. The relative deviation from homogeneity of a mixture can be defined in various ways. These expressions are adapted to the various methods of measuring the degree of mixing and the mixing time: probe methods; color change of chemical indicators; decoloration proportional to the conversion of a reaction; increase in temperature arising from heat of reaction. A comparative study of the various methods is presented (see also [1] in English language).
Rapid Identification of Plasma DNA Samples with Increased ctDNA Levels by a Modified FAST-SeqS Approach (2015)

Advantages of this approach include the speed and cost-effectiveness of the assay and that no prior knowledge about the genetic composition of tumor samples is necessary to identify plasma DNA samples with >10% ctDNA content.
An implementation of the Gillespie algorithm for RNA kinetics with logarithmic time update (2015)

In this paper I outline a fast method called KFOLD for implementing the Gillepie algorithm to stochastically sample the folding kinetics of an RNA molecule at single base-pair resolution. In the same fashion as the KINFOLD algorithm, which also uses the Gillespie algorithm to predict folding kinetics, KFOLD stochastically chooses a new RNA secondary structure state that is accessible from the current state by a single base-pair addition/deletion following the Gillespie procedure. However, unlike KINFOLD, the KFOLD algorithm utilizes the fact that many of the base-pair addition/deletion reactions and their corresponding rates do not change between each step in the algorithm. This allows KFOLD to achieve a substantial speed-up in the time required to compute a prediction of the folding pathway and, for a fixed number of base-pair moves, performs logarithmically with sequence size. This increase in speed opens up the possibility of studying the kinetics of much longer RNA sequences at single base-pair resolution while also allowing for the RNA folding statistics of smaller RNA sequences to be computed much more quickly.
<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Slime Glycolipoprotein Is a Potent Stimulant of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Gene Expression and Activation of Transcription Activators Nuclear Factor κB and Activator Protein 1 in Human Monocytes (2003)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, causes infections associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), primarily by cells of monocytic lineage, is a crucial event in the course of these infections. During in vivo infections with P. aeruginosa, both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and extracellular slime glycolipoprotein (GLP) produced by mucoid and nonmucoid strains are released. In the present study, we sought to explore the relative contributions of these two bacterial products to TNF-alpha production by human monocytes. To this end, fresh human monocytes and THP-1 human monocytic cells were stimulated with P. aeruginosa LPS or GLP. GLP was found to be a more potent stimulus for TNF-alpha production (threefold higher) by human monocytes than LPS. Moreover, its effect was comparable to that of viable bacteria. Quantitative mRNA analysis revealed predominantly transcriptional regulation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transfection assays demonstrated activation of NF-kappa B and activator protein 1 (AP-1). NF-kappa B activation by GLP was rapid and followed the same time course as that by viable bacteria, suggesting that bacteria could directly activate NF-kappa B through GLP. Moreover P. aeruginosa GLP induced the formation of AP-1 complex with delayed kinetics compared with NF-kappa B but much more efficiently than the homologous LPS. These results identify GLP as the most important stimulant for TNF-alpha production by human monocytes. Activation of NF-kappa B and AP-1 by P. aeruginosa GLP may be involved not only in TNF-alpha induction but also in many of the inflammatory responses triggered in the course of infection with P. aeruginosa.