gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Wideband Transformer-Coupled CMOS Power Amplifier for $X$-Band Multifunction Chips (2011)

This paper presents a wideband transformer-coupled CMOS power amplifier (PA). On-chip transmission-line transformers are used as key components of matching networks at output, input, and interstage. The wideband on-chip transformer is harnessed without any additional inductive devices so that a wideband power characteristic can be achieved. The PA is fabricated using a 0.18- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox {m}}$</tex></formula> CMOS process. It provides a saturated output power of 21.5 dBm with the power-added efficiency (PAE) of 20.3%, and the output 1-dB gain-compressed power <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$(P_{1\ {\rm {dB}}})$</tex></formula> is 20.2 dBm with the PAE of 14.8% at 9.5 GHz, respectively. The small-signal gain is 25.3 dB and the 3-dB bandwidth is 6.5 GHz (6.5–13 GHz). The die area is 1.34 mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\times$</tex> </formula> 0.47 mm. Among the reported <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$X/Ku$</tex></formula> -band CMOS PAs, this amplifier achieves the highest figure of merit, and also shows suitable performances for phased-array systems.
Subtypes of Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors (1989)

Acetylcholine released from neurons has effects on many biological processes. These effects are mediated through two major classes of receptors termed nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors. There is currently strong evidence supporting the concept that both of these major classes of cholinergic receptors are themselves comprised of distinct subtypes of receptors. For example, the nicotinic receptors on autonomic ganglia have very different properties from those on skeletal muscle, suggesting that there are at least two subtypes of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor (Taylor, 1985). The genes encoding the subunits of nicotinic receptors have been isolated and sequenced from both muscle and nerve, and indeed these molecules have distinct primary structures (Boulter et al., 1985, 1986). Similarly, the existence of subtypes of mAChR has long been postulated on the basis of distinct pharmacologic profiles of some muscarinic receptors, and recently, several genes have been isolated and sequenced that appear to code for distinct subtypes of muscarinic receptors (Kubo et al., 1986a,b; Peralta et al., 1987a,b; Bonner et al., 1987, 1988; Braun et al., 1987; Akiba et al., 1988). Thus, it appears that there are at least five distinct genes that code for proteins that have the properties of muscarinic receptors in both the human and rat genome (Bonner et al., 1987, 1988). This chapter will attempt to put into historical perspective the various reports that have led us to our current thinking with regard to subtypes of muscarinic receptors.
Levels of plasma fibrinogen are elevated in well-controlled rheumatoid arthritis (2011)

Circulating levels of fibrinogen are elevated in RA and correlated with markers of inflammation, but only modestly correlate with clinical assessments of disease activity. Even RA patients with excellent clinical disease control exhibit elevated levels compared with controls.
POPULATION INVERSION IN ADIABATIC EXPANSION OF A GAS MIXTURE (1966)

Abstract : The paper shows that adiabatic expansion of certain mixtures of molecular gases gives rise to the condition of population inversion in terms of vibrational levels existing for a certain time. To achieve this the molecules of the mixture should have substantially different vibrational relaxation times and should be capable of exchanging the energy of the vibrational excitation. (Author)
Intravenous immunoglobulin G: trends in production methods, quality control and quality assurance (2009)

Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) is now the leading product obtained by fractionation of human plasma. It is the standard replacement therapy in primary and acquired humoral deficiency, and is also used for immunomodulatory therapy in various autoimmune disorders and transplantation. Over the last 30 years, the production processes of IVIG have evolved dramatically, gradually resulting in the development of intact IgG preparations safe to administer intravenously, with normal half-life and effector functions, prepared at increased yield, and exhibiting higher pathogen safety. This article reviews the developments that have led to modern IVIG preparations, the current methods used for plasma collection and fractionation, the safety measures implemented to minimize the risks of pathogen transmission and the major quality control tests that are available for product development and as part of mandatory batch release procedures.
C/EBP-related protein 2 confers lipopolysaccharide-inducible expression of interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 to a lymphoblastic cell line. (1994)

C/EBP-related proteins 2 and 3 (CRP2 and CRP3) are differentially expressed by P388 lymphoblasts and their derivative P388D1(IL1) macrophages. We have ectopically expressed CRP2, the predominant CRP in macrophages, in P388 lymphoblasts. The expression of CRP2 is sufficient to confer the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-inducible expression of interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 to lymphoblasts, which normally do not display LPS induction of inflammatory cytokines. Consistent with these findings, the expression of CRP2 antisense RNA blocks the LPS induction of IL-6 expression in P388D1(IL1) macrophages. This work clearly establishes the essential role of CRP2 in the induction of cytokine genes by LPS. Additionally, these data add MCP-1 to the list of cytokines showing an involvement of CRP2 in their expression.
Problemstellung (1998)

Vertreter aus Politik, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft weisen seit einiger Zeit auf die angeblich mangelnde Innovationsfähigkeit in Deutschland hin. So ist die Rede von einer “Innovationslücke” bzw. einem “Innovationsdefizit”. Meldungen über technische Erfindungen (Inventionen), die im Vergleich zu bisherigen Lösungen eine Verbesserung versprechen, aber trotzdem nicht genutzt werden, verstärken diesen Eindruck noch. Einige Stimmen behaupten sogar, daß überhaupt ein Mangel an Erfindungen (Inventionen) vorliegt. Galt Deutschland bislang als das Land der “Tüftler” und “Erfinder”, so scheint sich demnach die Erfindungsaktivität abgeschwächt zu haben. Vor allem für zukunftsträchtige Branchen, wie z.B. Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik sowie Gentechnik wird bemängelt, daß andere Länder hier deutliche Vorteile gegenüber Deutschland besäßen. Allen voran die USA und Japan. Dies ist insofern besorgniserregend, da zwischen Invention und Innovation ein enger Zusammenhang besteht. Inventionen sind die Voraussetzung für Innovationen im Sinne einer wirtschaftlichen Nutzung von Erfindungen. Ohne Inventionen können keine Innovationen realisiert werden. Allerdings wird in der öffentlichen Diskussion häufig nicht zwischen den beiden Begriffen differenziert.
The inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor beta1 on breast cancer cell proliferation are mediated through regulation of aberrant nuclear factor-kappaB/Rel expression. (1999)

Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB/Rel transcription factors normally exist in non-B cells, such as epithelial cells, in inactive forms sequestered in the cytoplasm with specific inhibitory proteins, termed IkappaBs. Recently, however, we discovered that breast cancer is typified by aberrant constitutive expression of NF-kappaB/Rel factors. Because these factors control genes that regulate cell proliferation, here we analyzed the potential role of NF-kappaB/Rel in the ability of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. The decreased growth of Hs578T and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines on TGF-beta1 treatment correlated with a drop in NF-kappaB/Rel binding. This decrease was due to the stabilization of the inhibitory protein IKB-alpha. Ectopic expression of c-Rel in Hs578T cells led to the maintenance of NF-kappaB/Rel binding and resistance to TGF-beta1-mediated inhibition of proliferation. Similarly, expression of the p65 subunit ablated the inhibition of Hs578T cell growth mediated by TGF-beta1. Thus, the inhibition of the aberrantly activated, constitutive NF-kappaB/Rel plays an important role in the arrest of the proliferation of breast cancer cells, which suggests that NF-kappaB/Rel may be a useful target in the treatment of breast cancer.
The Hexokinase Gene Is Required for Transcriptional Regulation of the Glucose Transporter Gene <i>RAG1</i> in <i>Kluyveromyces lactis</i> (1993)

The RAG1 gene of Kluyveromyces lactis encodes a low-affinity glucose/fructose transporter. Its transcription is induced by glucose, fructose, and several other sugars. The RAG4, RAG5, and RAG8 genes are trans-acting genes controlling the expression of the RAG1 gene. We report here the characterization of one of these genes, RAG5. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned RAG5 gene indicated that it encodes a protein that is homologous to hexokinases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. rag5 mutants showed no detectable hexokinase or glucokinase activity, suggesting that the sugar kinase activity encoded by this gene is the only hexokinase in K. lactis. Both high- and low-affinity transport systems of glucose were affected in rag5 mutants. The defect of the low-affinity component was found to be due to a block of transcription of the RAG1 gene by the hexokinase mutation. In vivo complementation of the rag5 mutation by the HXK2 gene of S. cerevisiae and complementation of hxk1 hxk2 mutations of S. cerevisiae by the RAG5 gene showed that RAG5 and HXK2 were equivalent for sugar-phosphorylating activity but that RAG5 could not restore glucose repression in the S. cerevisiae hexokinase mutants.
Identifying the Interactions That Allow Separation of O<sub>2</sub> from N<sub>2</sub> on the Open Iron Sites of Fe<sub>2</sub>(dobdc) (2015)

The presence of open metal sites along with a high porosity makes the Fe2(dobdc) metal–organic framework, also called Fe-MOF-74, particularly well suited for separating gaseous mixtures. For instance, since Fe2(dobdc) adsorbs O2 more strongly than N2, it can, in principle, be used to separate O2 from air [Bloch et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 14814]. In the present work, we investigate the reversible differential adsorption of N2 and O2 on Fe2(dobdc) with Kohn–Sham density functional theory applied to an 88-atom cluster model of the MOF. The cluster is chosen such that it is large enough to allow an accurate description of the most important contributions to the binding enthalpies and small enough to perform high-level quantum mechanical calculations. For the quantum mechanical calculations, we use well-validated exchange–correlation functionals to study the ground-state structures of the Fe–N2 and Fe–O2 interacting systems. The calculations agree with experiment in that O2 binds more strongly than N2, and they reveal that the ground-state structure of the Fe–O2 subsystem has the dioxygen unit in a triplet spin state ferromagnetically coupled to the high-spin state (quintet state) of the iron center. Charge Model 5 (CM5) calculations have been performed to determine the partial atomic charges on the adsorbate molecules and the iron atom, and they show that charge transfer from the open iron(II) site is more important in the case of O2 than in the case of N2. Furthermore, bond orders, vibrational frequencies, and orbital energies were calculated to rationalize the stronger binding of O2 compared to N2 on Fe2(dobdc).
Activated protein C attenuates endotoxin-induced pulmonary vascular injury by inhibiting activated leukocytes in rats (1996)

We investigated the effect of activated protein C (APC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary vascular injury in rats to investigate the possible usefulness of APC as a treatment for adult respiratory distress syndrome. Intravenously administered LPS (5 mg/kg) significantly increased pulmonary vascular permeability. APC prevented the LPS-induced increase in pulmonary vascular permeability observed at 6 hours. Heparin plus antithrombin III (ATIII) and active site-blocked factor Xa (DEGR-Xa), a selective inhibitor of thrombin generation, inhibited LPS-induced coagulopathy but did not prevent LPS-induced pulmonary vascular injury. LPS-induced pulmonary vascular injury was significantly attenuated in rats with nitrogen mustard-induced leukocytopenia and in rats treated with ONO-5046, a potent granulocyte elastase inhibitor. Administration of LPS also increased pulmonary accumulation of leukocytes, as evaluated by measurement of myeloperoxidase activity in the lungs. APC significantly reduced LPS-induced increases in pulmonary accumulation of leukocytes at 1 hour. Neither ATIII plus heparin nor DEGR-Xa inhibited leukocyte accumulation. Active site-blocked APC (DIP-APC) prevented neither the LPS-induced pulmonary accumulation of leukocytes nor the LPS-induced increase in pulmonary vascular permeability. These results suggest that the mechanism of APC inhibition of LPS-induced pulmonary vascular injury was independent of its anticoagulant activity and was related to its ability to inhibit accumulation of leukocytes. In addition, these findings suggest that the serine protease activity of APC may be essential to its inhibitory effect on LPS-induced pulmonary accumulation of leukocytes and subsequent pulmonary vascular injury.
1235: Stress Urinary Incontinence Induces Overactive Bladder: a Hypothesis for Treatment (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium, Monday, May 10,2004, 3:30 - 5:30 pm1 Apr 20041235: Stress Urinary Incontinence Induces Overactive Bladder: a Hypothesis for Treatment Michael B. Chancellor and Naoki Yoshimura Michael B. ChancellorMichael B. Chancellor More articles by this author and Naoki YoshimuraNaoki Yoshimura More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)38460-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1235: Stress Urinary Incontinence Induces Overactive Bladder: a Hypothesis for Treatment." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 325 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 325 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Michael B. Chancellor More articles by this author Naoki Yoshimura More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Telomerase Activity in Human Gliomas (1998)

We demonstrated that telomerase activity is absent in normal brain tissues while present in most glioma samples (72%). The frequency of such activity increases with malignancy. These results suggest that telomerase activity may be used as a tumor marker and that the activation of telomerase may correlate with initiation and malignant progression of astrocytic tumors.
Viscous glass-ionomer cements: a new alternative to amalgam in the primary dentition? (1997)

Glass-ionomer cements offer advantages in the treatment of the primary dentition. New, colored, highly viscous glass-ionomer cements hold the promise of better abrasion properties. Owing to their high viscosity, their handling characteristics are similar to those of amalgam. Examination of their properties demonstrated increased resistance to abrasion in comparison to amalgam, although no improvement in fatigue or flexural resistance was found. Clinical experience extending over 2.5 years confirmed these results.
Polyphenols from Honeybush Tea (<i>Cyclopia intermedia</i>) (2003)

The fermented leaves and stems of Cyclopia intermedia are used to brew Honeybush tea, a herbal tea indigenous to South Africa. The plant is also used to manufacture a sweet herbal infusion used for restorative properties such as soothing coughs and alleviating bronchial complaints including tuberculosis, pneumonia, and catarrh. It is claimed to have a low tannin content and no caffeine and contains various antioxidants. Continued investigations into the phenolic content of the leaves and stems of C. intermedia yielded tyrosol and a methoxy analogue, 2-[4-[O-alpha-apiofuranosyl-(1' '-->6')-beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy]phenyl]ethanol, 4-[O-alpha-apiofuranosyl-(1' '-->2')-beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy]benzaldehyde, five glycosylated flavonols, two isoflavones, four flavanones, two isoflavones, and two flavones. Structure elucidation was done by NMR, CD, and MS methods. Because flavonoids are presumed to contribute significantly toward the scavenging effects of active oxygen species, our results indicate that the tentative claimed health-promoting properties may be attributed to the presence of these and other phenolics in C. intermedia.
Single-frequency λ = 1.06 μm semiconductor laser with a distributed Bragg mirror in an optical fibre (1998)

A design of a single-frequency semiconductor laser with the emission wavelength 1.06 μm is proposed. This laser is coupled efficiently to an optical fibre in the core of which a distributed Bragg mirror is formed. The radiation power at the fibre output was found to be 10 mW when the laser drive current was 65 mA. The line half-width was estimated to be less than 1 mHz.
Supported Bilayers Formed from Different Phospholipids on Spherical Silica Substrates (2009)

Spherical supported bilayer membranes (SS-BLMs) are very attractive candidates in modern bioanalytics and biorecognition studies. A uniform, facile method of preparing different SS-BLMs on silica beads is reported. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and cryo-TEM imaging have been used to characterize these SS-BLMs. Thermal analysis data and FRAP experiments show that the bilayer properties of the SS-BLM are consistent with those of lipid vesicles from which they are formed. The possibility of modulating the size, lipid type and functionality, and mechanical stability makes these rigid liposomes very attractive candidates in biosensors, drug screening, and gene delivery-related applications. This is especially true in work with native vesicle membranes derived from living cells because the existing methods can only accommodate anionic membranes to a limited extent.
Comamonas badia sp. nov., a floe-forming bacterium isolated from activated sludge (2004)

Strain IAM 14839, isolated from activated sludge in Japan, forms a visible floc and grows in the flocculated state. This bacterium is Gram-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic and highly motile with a single polar flagellum. Both oxidase and catalase activities are positive. No growth was observed on sugars. The strain can grow at 20 degrees C, but does not grow at 37 degrees C. The G+C content of DNA is 66.3 mol% and Q-8 is the major quinone. The major cellular fatty acids are 16:1omega7c, 16:0, 18:1omega7c, 2OH 16:0, 3OH 10:0. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that the bacterium clustered within the genus Comamonas. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that the strain IAM 14839T be classified in a novel species of the genus Comamonas, Comamonas badia sp. nov. The type strain is IAM 14839T (=KCTC 12244T ).
Le silence éloquent d'une sainte: la Farce de sainte Barbe de Diego Sánchez de Badajoz (2005)

Ce fichier présente une version longue intégrale (8000 mots environ) d'un travail qui avait été raccourci à 4000 mots pour la publication ; Cette version longue comprend une analyse plus détaillée de l'interlocution.
Bronchial Asthma: Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment. (1986)

The contributors herein have carefully checked to ensure that the drug selections and dosages set forth in this text are accurate and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. Notwithstanding, as new research, changes in government regulations, and knowledge from clinical experience relating to drug therapy and drug reactions constantly occurs, the reader is advised to check the product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug for any change in dosages or for additional warnings and contraindications. This is of utmost importance when the recommended drug herein is a new or infrequently used drug. It is the responsibility of the treating physician to determine dosages and treatment strategies for individual patients. Further it is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the Food and Drug Administration status of each drug or device used in their clinical practice. The publisher, editors, and authors are not responsible for errors or omissions orfor any consequences from the application of the information presented in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the contents in this publication.
Time of Flight Coincidence Timing Calibration Techniques Using Radioactive Sources (2006)

The coincidence timing offset must be measured accurately and robustly in order to elicit the best performance for a time of flight (TOF) PET scanner. The proposed calibration methods involve measuring the timing differences between multiple coincidence line pairs. The absolute time biases for each pixel on the detector are assumed to be independent which greatly reduces the number of counts that are needed for a good estimate. It is not a requirement that each pixel on the detector be measured in coincidence with every other pixel on the detector, but that the coincidences involve a reasonably large number of different pixels on the opposite side. The intrinsic timing offset for each detector crystal pixel is unfolded by forming the average of the offset values of each crystal pixel with opposing pixels to average out crystal variations and photomultiplier (PMT) timing differences. In this work, a comparison is made of different timing calibration techniques using radioactive sources, specifically a rotating line source and a point source in a scattering block. The calibrations using the different methods are performed on a prototype TOF scanner and the results are presented
Negative regulation of CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis by the lipid phosphatase activity of tumor suppressor PTEN (2005)

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a multifunctional tumor suppressor, has been shown to play a regulatory role in cell migration. Dictyostelium discoideum cells lacking PTEN exhibited impaired migration toward chemoattractant gradients. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of PTEN in chemotaxis of mammalian cells by examining PTEN-null Jurkat T cells. We observed that, in contrast to observations made in D discoideum, PTEN-null Jurkat T cells exhibited potent chemotactic responses to the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha), indicating that PTEN was not requisite for CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-mediated chemotaxis of Jurkat cells. Conversely, reconstitution of PTEN in Jurkat cells by using a tetracycline (Tet-on)-inducible expression system down-regulated CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis. Furthermore, we established the lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN as essential for its inhibitory effect on chemotaxis. In addition, using PTEN-expressing T-cell lines and primary T cells, we demonstrated that down-regulation of PTEN expression with vector-based small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) enhanced CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis. Based on these results, we conclude that PTEN expression negatively regulates chemotaxis of lymphoid mammalian cells via its lipid phosphatase activity. Our findings may account for the reported increase in metastatic activity of PTEN-null tumor cells.