gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The NIST Chemistry WebBook:  A Chemical Data Resource on the Internet (2001)

The NIST Chemistry WebBook (http://webbook.nist.gov) is an Internet site that provides access to chemical and physical property data both from NIST and other sources. The site was established in 1996 and has grown to encompass a wide variety of thermochemical, ion energetics, solubility, and spectroscopic data. The thermochemical data available include enthalpies of formation, enthalpies of phase transitions, and heat capacities. Thermochemical properties of many reactions that support enthalpy of formation values are provided. Automated tools are used to check data prior to its inclusion in the web site. Most of the collections in the site provide extensive coverage of the literature in their field and include relevant metadata such as the experiment type or important auxiliary data. These features make the site an excellent tool for data evaluation. A major goal of the project was to provide convenient access to all types of chemical data. Several challenges were encountered in the development of systems and conventions for concisely and accurately displaying chemical data on the Internet. The next phase of the evolution of the site will be the addition of tools to aid researchers in getting data from the site. Data from the site have found applications in industrial, research, and educational settings. Usage patterns for the site will be discussed.
Evaluation of a Mucoadhesive Buccal Patch for Delivery of Peptides: In Vitro Screening of Bioadhesion (1998)

We have assessed the bioadhesive properties of several different mucoadhesive buccal patches. The patches consisted of custom coformulations of silicone polymers and Carbopol 974P. The contact angle of water was measured for each of the test formulations, using an ophthalmic shadow scope. The corresponding work of adhesion between the water and the patches (W1), and between the patches and freshly-excised rabbit buccal mucosa (W2) was then calculated, using a modification of Dupre's equation. The bioadhesive strength between the patches and excised rabbit buccal mucosa was also assessed. The results of the contact-angle measurements indicated that the contact angle decreased with an increase in the amount of Carbopol in the formulation. Additionally, the calculated values of both W1 and W2 increased with an increase in the amount of Carbopol in the buccal-patch formulations. A correlation (r not equal to 0.9808) was found between the measured contact angle and the calculated values for W2. The direct measurement of the force required to separate a buccal patch from excised rabbit buccal mucosa with the INSTRON demonstrated that the adhesive strength increased with an increase in the amount of Carbopol. This preliminary study has shown that the measurement of contact angles alone may provide a useful technique for estimating the work of adhesion, and may serve as a convenient and rapid screening procedure to identify potential mucoadhesive buccal-patch formulations.
The MBOC Modulation: The Final Touch to the Galileo Frequency and Signal Plan (2007)

The way to the signals Galileo has today as baseline has been tedious and long, but has followed a logic from the start. From the very beginning, one of the main challenges that Galileo set to itself was to offer three wide band signals, satisfying at the same time the requirements of mass market and pushing the potential performance of the navigation signals to its natural limits. The historical Agreement [1] on the Promotion, Provision, and Use of Galileo and GPS Satellite-Based Navigation Systems and Related Applications between the US and the EC, signed in 2004, where both parties agreed on working together, had impacted the initially planned signals but has intensified the cooperation on interoperability and compatibility issues between Galileo and GPS for the maximum benefit of users worldwide. The final touch to the Galileo signal plan was achieved in 2006 when the Working group on GPS and Galileo compatibility and interoperability, under the auspices of the Agreement, finally concluded [2] on the great interest of a new modulation for the common signal Modulation in the E1/L1 frequency, namely the Multiplex Binary Offset Carrier, or MBOC for short ([3], [4]). This was pursuant to efforts mainly driven by the European side and fully recognized by the US representatives. Galileo has thus accomplished the original objective of providing three wide band signals for the civilian GNSS community. This paper will try to shed some light in the long process that has led to the signal baseline we have today. Special care will be put in describing all the modulations of the final Galileo Signal Plan. After many years of intensive work on the European side, the final Galileo Signal Plan is presented and analyzed.
Ascorbic acid decreases morphine self-administration and withdrawal symptoms in rats (2005)

Recent studies have indicated that the glutamatergic system is involved in the motivational aspects during the initiation of drug self-administration. Ascorbic acid (AA), an antioxidant vitamin, is released from glutamatergic neurons, and it modulates the synaptic action of dopamine and glutamate. In this study the AA effects on the self-administration of morphine and on the morphine withdrawal syndrome have been investigated. Wistar rats were allowed to self-administer morphine (1 mg/infusion) during 10 consecutive days for 2 h/session. The number of lever pressings was recorded. An intrapritoneal AA injection (500 mg/kg, i.p.), 30 min before morphine self-administration produced a significant decrease in the initiation of morphine self administration during all sessions. After the last test session morphine withdrawal symptom signs (MWS) were recorded after naloxone precipitation. Most of MWS (but not all) were decreased by AA application. In conclusion, AA may change the motivational processes underlying the morphine self-administration.
Robust and efficient fiducial tracking for augmented reality in HD-laparoscopic video streams (2012)

Augmented Reality (AR) is a convenient way of porting information from medical images into the surgical field of view and can deliver valuable assistance to the surgeon, especially in laparoscopic procedures. In addition, high definition (HD) laparoscopic video devices are a great improvement over the previously used low resolution equipment. However, in AR applications that rely on real-time detection of fiducials from video streams, the demand for efficient image processing has increased due to the introduction of HD devices. We present an algorithm based on the well-known Conditional Density Propagation (CONDENSATION) algorithm which can satisfy these new demands. By incorporating a prediction around an already existing and robust segmentation algorithm, we can speed up the whole procedure while leaving the robustness of the fiducial segmentation untouched. For evaluation purposes we tested the algorithm on recordings from real interventions, allowing for a meaningful interpretation of the results. Our results show that we can accelerate the segmentation by a factor of 3.5 on average. Moreover, the prediction information can be used to compensate for fiducials that are temporarily occluded or out of scope, providing greater stability.
Broadly tunable InGaAsP/InP laser based on a vertical coupler filter with 57-nm tuning range (1992)

We have integrated a broadly tunable grating-assisted vertical coupler as an intracavity filter to demonstrate a novel monolithic multiple-quantum-well InGaAsP/InP laser. The narrow, bandpass intracavity filter results in an extended cavity laser with a measured electrical tuning range of 57 nm with single-frequency operation over most of that range.
Selective Regulation of Gene Expression Using Rationally-Modified Retinoic Acid Receptors (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSelective Regulation of Gene Expression Using Rationally-Modified Retinoic Acid ReceptorsJohn T. Koh, Marc Putnam, Marjana Tomic-Canic, and Christine M. McDanielView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9, 1984–1985Publication Date (Web):February 19, 1999Publication History Received19 November 1998Published online19 February 1999Published inissue 1 March 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/ja983988uCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (55 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Bioluminescent probes,Chemical specificity,Genetics,Ligands,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Quasi-monolithic GaAs/LiNbO/sub 3/-hybrids for acoustoelectric applications (2002)

The combination of the electronic properties of a semiconductor heterojunction and the acoustic properties of a piezoelectric material yields very promising surface acoustic wave (SAW) hybrid systems. Quasi-monolithical integration of a thin GaAs/InGaAs/AlGaAs-quantum well structure on a LiNbO/sub 3/ SAW device is achieved using the epitaxial lift-off (ELO) technique. The active semiconductor layer system is removed from its substrate and transferred onto the LiNbO/sub 3/. The conductivity of the two dimensional electron system in the quantum well, which can be controlled via field effect, modifies the velocity of the surface acoustic waves. Due to the high electromechanical coupling coefficient of LiNbO/sub 3/ a change of the electrical boundary conditions produces a large phase shift. This leads to a new class of voltage tunable single-chip SAW devices, e,g., voltage controlled oscillators and tunable SAW delay lines.
Proline to the rescue (2006)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Blending Conceptual and Evolutionary Couplings to Support Change Impact Analysis in Source Code (2010)

The paper presents an approach that combines conceptual and evolutionary techniques to support change impact analysis in source code. Information Retrieval (IR) is used to derive conceptual couplings from the source code in a single version (release) of a software system. Evolutionary couplings are mined from source code commits. The premise is that such combined methods provide improvements to the accuracy of impact sets. A rigorous empirical assessment on the changes of the open source systems Apache httpd, ArgoUML, iBatis, and KOffice is also reported. The results show that a combination of these two techniques, across several cut points, provides statistically significant improvements in accuracy over either of the two techniques used independently. Improvements in recall values of up to 20% over the conceptual technique in KOffice and up to 45% over the evolutionary technique in iBatis were reported.
An IR-absorption sensor system for the determination of engine oil deterioration (2006)

Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has become a major method in used oil laboratory analysis. The degradation of several oil components can be detected in the IR absorption spectrum. One of the most significant parameters is the oxidation, which is related to the change in absorption at a characteristic wavelength /spl lambda/=5.85 /spl mu/m. However, for online oil condition monitoring, laboratory FT-IR analysis equipment is too bulky and much too expensive. Thus, we developed a sensor prototype setup, which determines the absorption at 5.85 /spl mu/m and a reference wavelength, where the absorption is scarcely affected by oxidation. The underlying concept is suited for implementation in an online condition monitoring system. The setup involves a broadband source, a fluid cell for IR transmission through an oil sample, narrow band IR filters to select the two bands, and a broadband IR-sensor. We present illustrative sample results and comparisons to results obtained with FT-IR spectroscopy.
International Encyclopedia of Robotics: Applications and Automation (1988)

From the Publisher:
This authoritative, comprehensive work spans the entire discipline of robotics, bringing together the core of knowledge from all related engineering and computer disciplines. It provides a clear understanding of robotics principles and applications in a variety of industries while correcting common misperceptions. Topics are treated from every perspective--from theory, to application, to economics and implementation, to future prospects. All articles are accessible to those outside robotics disciplines seeking current technical information in specific areas or an overview of the field. Each concludes with cross-references to other topics within the volumes and to the original literature.
Creating binder-free supercapacitor electrodes from biomass resources: a nitrogen-doped pomelo peel derived carbon foam (2019)

We conducted experiments in producing nitrogen-doped carbon foam using pomelo peels as a raw material. Pomelos are a citrus fruit similar in appearance to grapefruit, and native to South and Southeast Asia. Specifically, we fabricated nitrogen-doped pomelo peel derived carbon foam (N-PPCF) by using an ammonia gas treatment. The as-prepared N-PPCF had a high specific surface area of 1,218.5 m2 g−1, an average pore size of 1.36 nm, and a pore volume value of 0.50 cm3 g−1. Additionally, the N-PPCF had a nitrogen content of 8.1%, allowing for a high specific capacitance of 150.1 F g−1 at a density of 1.0 A g−1. Even at 4 A g−1, the N-PPCF still maintained an ideal capacitance of 115.6 F g−1. Ultimately, we believe that nitrogen doped carbon foam is a potential method for treating pomelo peels, and that N-PPCF can function as a potential binder-free supercapacitor electrode.
Application of Cell Culture for the Production of Bioactive Compounds from Sponges:  Synthesis of Avarol by Primmorphs from <i>Dysidea</i> <i>avara</i> (2000)

Among all metazoan phyla, sponges are known to produce the largest number of bioactive compounds. However, until now, only one compound, arabinofuranosyladenine, has been approved for application in humans. One major obstacle is the limited availability of larger quantities of defined sponge starting material. Recently, we introduced the in vitro culture of primmorphs from Suberites domuncula, which contain proliferating cells. Now we have established the primmorph culture also from the marine sponge Dysidea avara and demonstrate that this special form of sponge cell aggregates produces avarol, a sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone, known to display strong cytostatic activity especially against mammalian cells. If dissociated sponge cells are transferred into Ca(2+)- and Mg(2+)-containing seawater, they form after a period of two to three days round-shaped primmorphs (size of 1 to 3 mm). After longer incubation, the globular primmorphs fuse and form meshes of primmorphs that adhere to the bottom of the incubation chamber. Later, during incubation, freely floating mesh-primmorphs are formed. No bacterial rRNA could be detected in the primmorphs. We were able to prove that the primmorphs produce avarol. Levels (1.4 microg of avarol/100 microg of protein) close to those identified in specimens from the field (1.8 microg/100 microg) are reached. Avarol was extracted from the cells with EtOAc and subsequently purified by HPLC. The identification was performed spectrophotometrically and by thin-layer chromatography. Single cells apparently do not have the potency to produce this secondary metabolite. It is concluded that the primmorph model is a suitable system for the synthesis of bioactive compounds in vitro.
Isolation of an Ustilago maydis gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and expression of a C-terminal-truncated form in Escherichia coli (1994)

A gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase was isolated from the maize fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis. This was accomplished by identifying cDNA and genomic clones that hybridized to an internal fragment of the gene, amplified from U. maydis genomic DNA by PCR. The nature of the gene was determined by nucleotide sequence analysis, and by comparing the derived amino acid sequence of the gene with HMG-CoA reductases from yeast, and from other organisms. The hydrophobic nature of the N-terminal region of the deduced protein sequence also supported the view that this gene encoded HMG-CoA reductase. A C-terminal-truncated fragment of the U. maydis HMG-CoA reductase gene was shown to be expressed in Escherichia coli in a catalytically active form. The expressed protein was also shown to be sensitive to an inhibitor of mammalian HMG-CoA reductase activity.
Sexual victimization in young, pregnant and parenting, African-American women: psychological and social outcomes. (1993)

The influence of sexual victimization on the psychological and social adjustment of 177 pregnant and parenting African Americans was examined. Compared with those who had not been victimized, young women with a history of sexual victimization were more symptomatic, had lower self esteem, and had a more external locus of control than the non-victimized women. In addition, women who were sexually victimized at some time in their lives reported higher levels of economic strain. Victimized young women were less satisfied with their social support than their non-victimized peers. Taken together, these findings suggest that the link between sexual victimization and psychological distress in pregnant and parenting adolescents may be mediated through young women's interpersonal resources.
Structural Characterization of Natural Polyisoprenes: Solve the Mystery of Natural Rubber Based on Structural Study (2001)

Abstract Structural characterization of naturally occurring polyisoprenes was carried out to solve the mystery of natural rubber (NR), such as the biosynthesis mechanism of rubber formation, the origin of outstanding properties of NR and the role of rubber in rubber trees. The NMR analysis, based on terpenes and polyprenols as models, disclosed the structure of both terminal groups of rubber chain. Structural evidence indicated that the biosynthesis of rubbers from Lactarius mushroom and leaves of high plants starts from trans, trans -farnesyl diphosphate or trans, trans, trans -geranylgeranyl diphosphate and terminates by dephosphorylation to form a hydroxyl terminal group. The biosynthesis of NR was presumed to start from unidentified initiating species containing two trans -isoprene units and peptide group and to terminate forming a phospholipid terminal group. The initiating group of NR associated with proteins formed branch points, which can be decomposed by enzymatic deproteinization. The branch points formed by phospholipid group were decomposed by transesterification with sodium methoxide. Rapid crystallization of NR was explained by the presence of mixed fatty acids synergistically with linked fatty acids, which were included in phospholipid. Saturated fatty acids linked to rubber chain induced crystallization, while mixed unsaturated fatty acids acted as plasticizer and accelerated the crystallization rate. This was confirmed by the preparation of model cis -polyisoprene grafted with stearic acid. The green strength of NR decreased to the same level as synthetic cis -polyisoprene after transesterification, indicating the effect of branching formed by the phospholipid terminal group and fatty acids in NR. The role of NR in Hevea trees was analyzed using NR from Hevea trees never tapped before. The formation of hard gel and oxidative degradation during the storage of NR in Hevea trees suggested that NR acted as a radical scavenger to remove hydroperoxide.
Data Indexing of Rough Relational Database (2007)

In order to enhance the speed of querying, tuples in databases should be indexed. According to the characteristic of data in rough relational databases, one approach to index uncertain data was put forward. Firstly, tuples of rough relational databases were represented by binary string; secondly, based on Hamming distance which is used to describe the distance between two codes, the one between tuples was calculated and a distance matrix was constructed; thirdly, on the basis of the distance matrix, tuples were classified and indexing of tuples was implemented. Finally, an algorithm for indexing of relational databases was proposed and illustrated by using a soil analysis example. The real world example shows that the proposed approach is useful and feasible.
Correcting for Signal Saturation Errors in the Analysis of Microarray Data (2002)

A variety of technical errors have arisen in data analysis when using cDNA or oligonucleotide microarrays. One of the most insidious problems is the saturation of the hybridization signal of high-abundant transcripts. This problem arises from the truncation of the laser fluorescence signal. When the hybridization signal on the microarray is very strong, this truncation can result in serious consequences that may not be readily apparent to the user. As an illustration of this problem, two subclasses of normal human tissue samples (six liver and six lung samples) were analyzed with GeneChip probe arrays to evaluate the patterns of expression for approximately 7000 human genes. Five of these data sets were found to suffer from signal truncation. This caused several tissues to be incorrectly classified using hierarchical clustering. To rectify this problem so that the gene expression data could be properly compared and clustered, we developed a "filtering" procedure that identifies a subset of genes least affected by the signal saturation. This filtering procedure can be obtained at www.hugeindex.org.
A Simple Procedure for Screening of Salmonellae using a Semi‐Solid Enrichment and a Semi‐Solid Indicator Medium (1976)

The incorporation of triphenylmethane dyes and divalent cations in a semi‐solid medium in conjunction with a low pH retarded the motility of most enteric bacteria except for Salmonella, Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii . The migration of the latter two species in the semi‐solid medium, however, could be selectively inhibited by the incorporation of novobiocin to the medium and by incubation at 41 °C. Based on these observations, a semi‐solid enrichment medium was developed and used successfully in a Salmonella screening procedure in which a semi‐solid indicator medium was used as the first and a slide agglutination test as the second screen. Clinical laboratory evaluation of the procedure showed an increase of 92% in the frequency of positive isolations, with no false positives, as compared with a conventional multi‐step isolation procedure.