gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Substitution Approach to 4′‐Substituted Thymidines by Employing 4′‐Benzenesulfonyl Leaving Group. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
From QTLs for enzyme activity to candidate genes in maize (1999)

In order to facilitate the search for genes underlying QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci), the activities of key enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism in maize, and the concentration of their substrates or products were used as quantitative traits. For each of the chosen enzyme, i.e. ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase, sucrose-phosphate-synthase and invertases, the corresponding cDNA was available. Since biochemical traits are more closely related to gene expression than agronomic traits, co-locations could be expected between an enzyme structural gene and a QTL for its enzyme activity, and/or the corresponding product or substrate content. This approach was applied using recombinant inbred lines on leaves at 3- or 4-leaf stage, under control and water stress conditions and on grain, at maturity. Several QTLs were detected for each trait, particularly for two enzyme activities measured in mature leaves. Apparent co-locations between QTL for activity and structural locus were observed for sucrose-phosphate-synthase (chromosome 8) and acid-soluble invertase (chromosomes 2 and 5). Leaf acid-soluble (vacuolar) invertase provided an interesting case since a QTL, on chromosome 5, explaining 17% of variability was apparently co-located with the Ivr2 gene encoding a vacuolar invertase protein which was strongly water-stress inducible. Similarly, in grain, an amylose QTL co-located with the Sh2 gene of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase. The reliability of this candidate was further tested through the examination of Sh2 DNA polymorphism in 46 genetically unrelated lines. A correlation was obtained between this polymorphism and kernel starch content, which further validated Sh2 as a candidate. Some improvements or alternatives to this strategy are briefly discussed.
On the Performance of Digital Back Propagation in Spatial Multiplexing Systems (2020)

Nonlinear performance in spatial multiplexing systems is strongly determined by the interplay between differential mode delay, linear mode coupling, and Kerr nonlinearity. In this article we review and extend the analysis of different solution methods for the linear coupling operator in the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation for spatial multiplexed propagation. Numerical solution methods are compared for different operational regimes as determined by differential mode delay and linear mode coupling. Finally, we review and extend the study of digital methods to mitigate the Kerr nonlinearity for arbitrary levels of random linear mode coupling. For the first time, it is shown that in spatial multiplexing systems transmission performance can be improved by reducing the number of back propagated channels for non-negligible levels of differential mode delay.
Renoprotective Mechanisms of Angiotensin II Antagonism in Experimental Chronic Renal Failure (2002)

Long-term blockade of AT1 receptors in chronic nephritis has beneficial effects both on albuminuria and blood pressure being as effective as ACE inhibition or their combination. The stimulatory effect of AT1 receptor antagonism on cGMP production was not mediated by AT2 receptor-dependent mechanisms suggesting that AT1 receptor blockade per se favours activation of humoral pathways that stimulate cGMP production and potentially contribute to renal protection in chronic nephritis.
A novel design of bioartificial kidneys with improved cell performance and haemocompatibility (2013)

Treatment with bioartificial kidneys had beneficial effects in animal experiments and improved survival of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury in a Phase II clinical trial. However, a Phase II b clinical trial failed. This and other results suggested various problems with the current design of bioartificial kidneys. We propose a novel design to improve various properties of device, including haemocompatibility and cell performance. An important feature of the novel design is confinement of the blood to the lumina of the hollow fibre membranes. This avoids exposure of the blood to the non-haemocompatible outer surfaces of hollow fibre membranes, which usually occurs in bioartificial kidneys. We use these outer surfaces as substrate for cell growth. Our results show that commercial hollow fibre membranes can be directly applied in the bioreactor when human primary renal proximal tubular cells are grown in this configuration, and no coatings are required for the formation of robust and functional renal epithelia. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the bioreactor unit produces significant amounts of interleukins. This result helps to understand the immunomodulatory effects of bioartificial kidneys, which have been observed previously. The novel bioartificial kidney design outlined here and the results obtained would be expected to improve the safety and performance of bioartificial kidneys and to contribute to a better understanding of their effects.
Linear And Nonlinear Optical Properties Of 2-(α-Methylbenzylamino)-5-Nitropyridine (1988)

The linear and nonlinear optical properties of 2-(α-methylbenzylamino)-5-nitropyridine (MBANP) have been investigated. The hyperpolarizability of MBANP molecule is as large as those of other para-nitroaniline-like molecules while the charge-transfer absorption band is appreciably shifted to shorter wavelengths. MBANP crystal has an absorption cut-off around 0.45μm. The nonlinear optical coefficient d22 of MBANP is 126 times larger than d11 of quartz and is 1.46 times larger than d33 of LiNb03.
SEQUENCE ANALYSIS AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF IRON ACQUISITION GENES IN TWO MARINE DIATOMS<sup>1</sup> (2007)

The centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal and the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin possess genes with translated sequences homologous to high‐affinity ferric reductases present in model organisms. Thalassiosira pseudonana also possesses putative genes for membrane‐bound ferroxidase ( Tp FET3) and two highly similar iron (Fe) permeases ( Tp FTR1 and Tp FTR2), as well as a divalent metal (M 2+ ) transporter belonging to the NRAMP superfamily ( Tp NRAMP). In baker’s yeast, the ferroxidase–permease complex transports Fe(II) produced by reductases. We investigated transcript abundances of these genes as a function of Fe quota (Q Fe ). Ferric reductase transcripts are abundant in both species (15%–60% of actin) under low Q Fe and are down‐regulated by 5‐ to 35‐fold at high Q Fe , suggesting Fe(III) reduction is a common, inducible strategy for Fe acquisition in marine diatoms. Permease transcript abundance was regulated by Fe status in T. pseudonana , but we did not detect significant differences in expression of the copper (Cu)‐containing ferroxidase. Tp NRAMP showed the most dramatic regulation by Q Fe , suggesting a role in cellular Fe transport in either cell‐surface uptake or vacuolar mobilization. We could not identify ferroxidase or permease homologues in the P. tricornutum genome. The up‐regulation of genes in T. pseudonana that appear to be missing altogether from P. tricornutum as well as the finding that P. tricornutum seems to have an efficient system to acquire Fe′, suggest that diverse (and uncharacterized) Fe‐uptake systems may be at play within diatom assemblages. Different uptake systems among diatoms may provide a mechanistic basis for niche differentiation with respect to Fe availability in the ocean.
PREPARATION OF KETALS. A REACTION MECHANISM (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPREPARATION OF KETALS. A REACTION MECHANISMC. A. MacKENZIE and J. H. STOCKERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1955, 20, 12, 1695–1701Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01364a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01364a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3364Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement of high photodarkening resistance in heavily Yb <sup>3+</sup> -doped phosphate fibres (2007)

The measurement of record-high photodarkening resistance in singlemode phosphate fibres doped with 12 and 6 wt.% Yb2O3 is reported. After pumping for 10 000 min at a high population inversion (∼47%), the fibre exhibited no photodarkening at 660 nm. Silica fibres pumped to the same inversion did show photodarkening, indicating that the phosphate fibre can be doped with at least six times as much Yb and still show no photodarkening.
Blockchain in Smart Grids: A Review on Different Use Cases (2019)

With the integration of Wireless Sensor Networks and the Internet of Things, the smart grid is being projected as a solution for the challenges regarding electricity supply in the future. However, security and privacy issues in the consumption and trading of electricity data pose serious challenges in the adoption of the smart grid. To address these challenges, blockchain technology is being researched for applicability in the smart grid. In this paper, important application areas of blockchain in the smart grid are discussed. One use case of each area is discussed in detail, suggesting a suitable blockchain architecture, a sample block structure and the potential blockchain technicalities employed in it. The blockchain can be used for peer-to-peer energy trading, where a credit-based payment scheme can enhance the energy trading process. Efficient data aggregation schemes based on the blockchain technology can be used to overcome the challenges related to privacy and security in the grid. Energy distribution systems can also use blockchain to remotely control energy flow to a particular area by monitoring the usage statistics of that area. Further, blockchain-based frameworks can also help in the diagnosis and maintenance of smart grid equipment. We also discuss several commercial implementations of blockchain in the smart grid. Finally, various challenges to be addressed for integrating these two technologies are discussed.
A compilation-based software estimation scheme for hardware/software co-simulation (1999)

Article A compilation-based software estimation scheme for hardware/software co-simulation Share on Authors: Marcello Lajolo Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy Politecnico di Torino, Turin, ItalyView Profile , Mihai Lazarescu Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy Politecnico di Torino, Turin, ItalyView Profile , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli Univ. of California at Berkeley, Berkeley Univ. of California at Berkeley, BerkeleyView Profile Authors Info & Claims CODES '99: Proceedings of the seventh international workshop on Hardware/software codesignMarch 1999 Pages 85–89https://doi.org/10.1145/301177.301493Published:01 March 1999 26citation377DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations26Total Downloads377Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
THE DIFFUSION OF LIGHT BY GROUND GLASS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COLOR CHANGES (1949)

By special methods of grinding it has been found possible to make reproducible ground-glass surfaces. A series of six surfaces of increasing roughness was produced in crown glass, and a similar series in flint. These were illuminated at normal incidence by 2850° K. light in a photoelectric goniophotometer and intensity was measured at various angles. The apparent color temperature of the light diffused at each angle was also measured photoelectrically, with visual checks at some angles. Photomicrographs were taken of some of the surfaces, and finally the recording spectrophotometer was used to measure the diffuse reflectance, diffuse transmittance, and transmittance over a half-angle of about 8°, of several glasses. Some sandblasted samples were also studied. The transmitted light is most reddish at 0°, while at angles of more than 60° most of the glasses raise the apparent color temperature of the light. With the most finely ground glasses the color temperature at 0° reaches 2300° K. Some theoretical studies lead to the belief that most of the color changes are due to scattering, while diffraction plays a minor part.
GridLAB-D: An Agent-Based Simulation Framework for Smart Grids (2014)

Simulation of smart grid technologies requires a fundamentally new approach to integrated modeling of power systems, energy markets, building technologies, and the plethora of other resources and assets that are becoming part of modern electricity production, delivery, and consumption systems. As a result, the US Department of Energy’s Office of Electricity commissioned the development of a new type of power system simulation tool called GridLAB-D that uses an agent-based approach to simulating smart grids. This paper presents the numerical methods and approach to time-series simulation used by GridLAB-D and reviews applications in power system studies, market design, building control system design, and integration of wind power in a smart grid.
Characterization and Development of Micromachined Variable Optical Attenuator (2002)

For power equalization in all optical network, an array-jointable, MEMS variable optical attenuator(VOA) has been characterized, fabricated and tested. The VOA has less than 3dB insertion loss, >30dB dynamic range, Less than 3V driving voltage.
Einsatz einer GnRH-Vakzine bei Stute und Hengst zur Beeinflussung von unerwünschtem Verhalten: Eine retrospektive Studie von 31 Fällen (2010)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a GnRH vaccine (Equity) on behavior and gonadal function in horses with unwanted behavior. The reason for the treatment was asked using a questionnaire and the findings of physical examination, rectal palpation as well as rectal ultrasonography, were recorded. The results of these examinations and the behavior of 21 mares and 10 stallions before the first and after the second administration of the GnRH vaccine were compared. In 84 % of all cases a decrease of the unwanted behavior could be observed. In the mares the ovaries were significantly (p <or= 0.05) smaller after vaccination than before. The largest and the second largest follicle on the ovaries were also significantly smaller after vaccination. In the stallion there was no significant difference in the size of testicles before and after vaccination. The study showed that the vaccine is well tolerated in horses and only little local adverse reactions appeared in 6.5 % of all cases.
A Rate Distortion Approach for Semi-Supervised Conditional Random Fields (2009)

We propose a novel information theoretic approach for semi-supervised learning of conditional random fields that defines a training objective to combine the conditional likelihood on labeled data and the mutual information on unlabeled data. In contrast to previous minimum conditional entropy semi-supervised discriminative learning methods, our approach is grounded on a more solid foundation, the rate distortion theory in information theory. We analyze the tractability of the framework for structured prediction and present a convergent variational training algorithm to defy the combinatorial explosion of terms in the sum over label configurations. Our experimental results show the rate distortion approach outperforms standard l2 regularization, minimum conditional entropy regularization as well as maximum conditional entropy regularization on both multi-class classification and sequence labeling problems. 1
Clinicoepidemiological, Toxicological, and Safety Evaluation Studies on Argemone Oil (1997)

Consumption of oil extracted from accidental or deliberate contamination of argemone seed to mustard seed is known to pose a clinical condition popularly referred to as Epidemic Dropsy. Several outbreaks of Epidemic Dropsy have occurred in the past in India as well as in Mauritius, Fiji Island, and South Africa. Clinico-epidemiological manifestations of argemone oil poisoning include vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, swelling of limbs, erythema, pitting edema, breathlessness, etc. In extreme cases, glaucoma and even death due to cardiac arrest have been encountered. The toxicity of argemone oil has been attributed to two of its physiologically active benzophenanthridine alkaloids, sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine. Histopathological studies suggest that liver, lungs, kidney, and heart are the target sites for argemone oil intoxication. Studies have shown to elucidate the cocarcinogenic potential of argemone oil that can be correlated with the binding of sanguinarine with a DNA template. Pharmacological response in intestine revealed immediate stimulation of tone and peristaltic movements of the gut in the sanguinarine-treated animals. Argemone oil/Sanguinarine caused a decrease in hepatic glycogen levels which may be due to the activation of glycogenolysis leading to an accumulation of pyruvate in the blood of Epidemic Dropsy cases. The increase in pyruvate levels causes uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to breathlessness, as observed in patients. Sanguinarine has been shown to inhibit Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity of different organs such as brain, heart, liver, intestine, and skeletal muscle, which may be due to the interaction with the glycoside receptor site on ATPase enzyme, thereby causing a decrease in the active transport of glucose. Argemone oil/alkaloid showed a Type II binding spectra with hepatic cytochrome P-450 (P-450) protein, thereby causing loss of P-450 content and an impairment of phase I and phase II enzymes. A green fluorescent metabolite of sanguinarine, benzacridine was detected in the milk of grazing animals. The delayed appearance of this metabolite in urine and feces of experimental animals suggests the slow elimination of the alkaloid. Argemone oil enhances hepatic microsomal and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, indicating that these two organelles are the sites of membrane damage. Furthermore, studies suggest that singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical are involved in argemone oil toxicity. Several bioantioxidants show protective effect in argemone oil-induced toxicity in experimental animals. The line of treatment in argemone-intoxicated epidemics has so far been only symptomatic, and specific therapeutic measures are still lacking, although it has been suggested that diuretics, bioantioxidants, steroids, vitamins, calcium- and protein-rich diet had some beneficial effects on Epidemic Dropsy cases.
Identification of two distinct properties of class II major histocompatibility complex-associated peptides. (1993)

We have examined the interactions of various peptides with the mouse class II major histocompatibility complex molecule I-Ak. The peptides were derived from the model protein hen egg white lysozyme (HEL). The immunodominant peptide of HEL is a 10-mer, residues 52-61. Our previous work established that this sequence contains the key residues for binding and presentation to T cells. Now we show that the binding of this 10-mer sequence resulted in complexes of I-Ak and peptide that, in SDS/PAGE (without boiling the protein), rapidly dissociated from the component alpha and beta chains. The binding interactions were studied in vitro, by incubating purified I-Ak and radiolabeled peptide, or ex vivo, by using antigen-presenting cells incubated with peptides. Peptides with additional residues at either the amino or carboxyl terminus behaved dramatically differently. Complexes of I-Ak with the longer peptides were stable to SDS/PAGE. Very few amino acid additions result in the change from unstable to stable complexes. The important issue here is that when cultured with HEL, antigen-presenting cells selected the HEL peptides containing the 52-61 sequences that favored stability [Nelson, C. A., Roof, R. W., McCourt, D. W. & Unanue, E. R. (1992) Proc. Natl., Acad. Sci. USA 89, 7380-7383]. Also, from other studies, such sequences correlate with a high immunogenicity of the peptide. We conclude that there are structural features of peptides that change the stability of the class II molecule and that are independent of the "core" peptide seen by the T cells.
Surgical management of late right ventricular failure after Mustard or Senning repair. (1992)

In patients who develop late right ventricular failure after Mustard or Senning repair, surgical intervention with either anatomic correction or cardiac transplantation can be done with acceptable morbidity and low mortality. Neoaortic valve insufficiency demands close follow-up after anatomic correction.
The extracellular matrix: an active or passive player in fibrosis? (2011)

Fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and this process has been likened to aberrant wound healing. The early phases of wound healing involve the formation of a provisional ECM containing fibrin, fibrinogen, and fibronectin. Fibroblasts occupy this matrix and proliferate in response to activators elaborated by leukocytes that have migrated into the wound and are retained by the ECM. This coincides with the appearance of the myofibroblast, a specialized form of fibroblast whose differentiation is primarily driven by cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and by mechanical tension. When these signals are reduced, as when TGF-β secretion is reduced, or as in scar shrinkage, myofibroblasts undergo apoptosis, resulting in a collagen-rich, cell-poor scar. Retention of myofibroblasts in fibrosis has been described as the result of imbalanced cytokine signaling, especially with respect to levels of activated TGF-β. ECM components can regulate myofibroblast persistence directly, since this phenotype is dependent on extracellular hyaluronan, tenascin-C, and the fibronectin splice variant containing the "extra domain A," and also, indirectly, through retention of TGF-β-secreting cells such as eosinophils. Thus the ECM is actively involved in both cellular and extracellular events that lead to fibrosis. Targeting components of the ECM as cells respond to injury and inflammatory stimuli holds promise as a means to avoid development of fibrosis and direct the wound-healing process toward reestablishment of a healthy equilibrium.