gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Measurement of Molecular Mobility in Actively Deformed Polymer Glasses (2008)

When sufficient force is applied to a glassy polymer, it begins to deform through movement of the polymer chains. We used an optical photobleaching technique to quantitatively measure changes in molecular mobility during the active deformation of a polymer glass [poly(methyl methacrylate)]. Segmental mobility increases by up to a factor of 1000 during uniaxial tensile creep. Although the Eyring model can describe the increase in mobility at low stress, it fails to describe mobility after flow onset. In this regime, mobility is strongly accelerated and the distribution of relaxation times narrows substantially, indicating a more homogeneous ensemble of local environments. At even larger stresses, in the strain-hardening regime, mobility decreases with increasing stress. Consistent with the view that stress-induced mobility allows plastic flow in polymer glasses, we observed a strong correlation between strain rate and segmental mobility during creep.
Berberine elicits anti‐arrhythmic effects via IK1/Kir2.1 in the rat type 2 diabetic myocardial infarction model (2010)

The purpose of this study was to explore the anti-arrhythmic mechanisms of berberine in diabetic rats with myocardial infarction. Sixty rats were divided into four groups: (1) normal control; (2) myocardial infarction group (MI); (3) Type 2 diabetes with myocardial infarction group (T2DM+MI); and (4) Type 2 diabetic with myocardial infarction berberine-treated group (BBR). Berberine (60 mg/kg/day) was administered after coronary artery ligation in the T2DM+MI group for 14 days. Currents were measured using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Western blot was performed for quantification of target proteins. The study showed that arrhythmias induced by myocardial infarction were aggravated in diabetic rats. Arrhythmia scores in the MI group were significantly higher than in the control group. Interestingly, the administration of berberine at a dose of 60 mg/kg/d recovered arrhythmia scores (P > 0.05). RMP (Resting membrane potential) which could be recovered by berberine (P < 0.05), was significantly reduced in both the infarction groups. I(K1) current and current density markedly decreased in the MI and T2DM+MI groups (P < 0.05) and could be reversed by berberine (P < 0.05). The relative expression of Kir2.1 in rats in the MI and T2DM+MI group were both significantly decreased (P < 0.05); berberine recovered depressed Kir2.1 to nearly normal levels. The results suggest that the effects of berberine on I(K1)/Kir2.1 may be an important mechanism for producing anti-arrhythmic effects.
A simple FM subcarrier oscillator suitable for physiological telemetry (1963)

A method of modifying a phase-shift RC oscillator for the purpose of FM is described. Two diodes are used to replace resistors and act as current controlled elements. Good linearity and stability is achieved.
Some suggested procedures in the analysis of bone accumulations from southern African quaternary sites (1974)

The analysis of a bone accumulation generally involves three sorting steps. The first aims to remove all bone pieces which can be identified specifically; the second to place as many bones as possible in broader taxonomic categories, while the third deals with the residue. Antelope size classes used in the second sorting stage are defined and terminology for bone fragments in the residue suggested.
RNA synthesis inhibitors alter the subnuclear distribution of DNA topoisomerase I. (1996)

The acute effect of RNA and DNA synthesis inhibitors on DNA topoisomerase (topo) I localization within cells was examined. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed that topo I was distributed throughout the nuclei but was concentrated in nucleoli of untreated K562 leukemia cells and A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Treatment with the DNA polymerase inhibitor aphidicolin did not alter this distribution. In contrast, 30-60 min after addition of the RNA synthesis inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) at concentrations that inhibited [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA by > or = 50%, topo I was visible throughout the nuclei without nucleolar accentuation. Western blotting and activity assays confirmed that the amount of topo I polypeptide and topo I activity were unaltered by the brief DRB treatment. Within 30 min of DRB removal, topo I relocalized to the nucleoli in the absence or presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Collectively, these results suggest a reversible translocation of topo I out of the nucleoli when RNA synthesis is inhibited. Treatment with the topo I poisons topotecan or camptothecin, agents that also inhibit RNA synthesis, likewise caused redistribution of topo I to nonnucleolar regions of the nucleus in a variety of cell types. In DC3F hamster lung fibroblasts, 2.5 microM topotecan or 1.25 microM camptothecin was sufficient to cause this topo I redistribution. In DC3F/C-10 cells that contain a mutant camptothecin-resistant topo I, topo I relocalization required 50-fold higher concentrations of topotecan or camptothecin but not DRB. These observations not only suggest that accumulation of topo I in the nucleolus is related to ongoing RNA synthesis but also raise the possibility of screening for some types of camptothecin resistance at the single-cell level using a rapid immunofluorescence-based assay.
Partial shape classification using contour matching in distance transformation (1990)

An algorithm is presented to recognize and locate partially distorted 2D shapes without regard to their orientation, location, and size. The algorithm first calculates the curvature function from the digitized image of an object. The points of local maxima and minima extracted from the smooth curvature are used as control points to segment the boundary and to guide the boundary-matching procedure. The boundary-matching procedure considers two shapes at a time, one shape from the template databank, and the other from the object being classified. The procedure tries to match the control points in the unknown shape to those of a shape from the template databank, and estimates the translation, rotation, and scaling factors to be used to normalize the boundary of the unknown shape. The chamfer 3/4 distance transformation and a partial distance measurement scheme constitute the final step in measuring the similarity between the two shapes. The unknown shape is assigned to the class corresponding to the minimum distance. The algorithm has been successfully tested on partial shapes using two sets of data, one with sharp corners and the other with curve segments. This algorithm not only is computationally simple, but also works reasonably well in the presence of a moderate amount of noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Astaxanthin deposition in fillets of Atlantic salmon <i>Salmo salar</i> L. fed two dietary levels of astaxanthin in combination with three levels of α-tocopheryl acetate (1999)

The influence of α-tocopheryl acetate (α-TOAc) on plasma concentration and fillet deposition of dietary astaxanthin was investigated in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. The diets were added 30 or 50 mg kg–1 astaxanthin, and 200, 400 or 800 mg kg–1α-TOAc at each astaxanthin level. Improved flesh deposition of astaxanthin by 8–14% was achieved for fish fed diets with 30 and 50 mg kg–1 astaxanthin, respectively, by the dietary addition of 800 compared with 200 mg kg–1α-TOAc. These results were supported by CIE[1976]L*a*b* tristimulus redness measurements (a* value). Plasma astaxanthin concentration mirrored the muscle astaxanthin concentration in the groups of fish fed a diet containing 30 mg kg–1 astaxanthin. The salmon fed a high astaxanthin and low α-TOAc diet had the highest plasma concentration of idoxanthin (P < 0.05). Astaxanthin retention was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in salmon fed 30 mg kg–1 astaxanthin than in those fed 50 mg kg–1 astaxanthin, but was not significantly affected by dietary α-TOAc. Liver weight, body weight, specific growth rate, feed/gain ratio and mortalities were not affected by dietary α-TOAc levels. In conclusion, the dietary addition of α-TOAc appears to increase astaxanthin fillet deposition in salmonids and may reduce the demand for astaxanthin supplementation. The effect was rather small and requires verification.
Buck-boost interleaved inverter for grid connected Photovoltaic system (2010)

In this paper, a single stage buck-boost inverter is proposed for grid connected PV system with a very high voltage gain. The proposed inverter not only boosts DC output voltage of the PV module but also converts it into AC voltage which is required for grid connection. Discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is employed to achieve unity power factor with the grid voltage and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control. The proposed topology has several desirable features such as high gain, low cost, compact size and simple control. Only two switches operate at high switching frequency and so switching losses are minimized. Simulation and experimental results are given to prove the proposed system.
Vers une organisation des associations en milieu rural : un exemple, le CELAVAR (1997)

La crise économique et la décentralisation ont profondément modifié le contexte du milieu associatif, particulièrement vi- vace en milieu rural. Les associations ont été amenées à s'investir dans la création d'activités économiques et dans l'emploi. Elles se sont rapprochées des élus locaux, mais peinent à établir et à faire respecter des règles du jeu claires : elles veulent préserver l'autonomie de leur projet et les élus ont tendance à se servir d'elles pour appliquer leur propre politique. Ces associations risquent un certain enfermement sur le local. Elles cherchent une ouverture sur l'extérieur. Le coût du support de réseaux régionaux est trop lourd, ce qui explique le renforcement de réseaux nationaux tel que le celavar.
Assessing global disclosure risk in masked microdata (2004)

In this paper, we introduce a general framework for microdata and three disclosure risk measures (minimal, maximal and weighted). We classify the attributes from a given microdata in two different ways: based on their potential identification utility and based on the order relation that exists in their domain of value. We define inversion and change factors that allow data users to quantify the magnitude of masking modification incurred for values of a key attribute. The disclosure risk measures are based on these inversion and change factors, and can be computed for any specific disclosure control method, or any combination of methods applied in succession to a given microdata. Using simulated medical data in our experiments, we show that the proposed disclosure risk measures perform as expected in real-life situations.
Inheritance of Resistance to Anthracnose Stalk Rot of Corn (1993)

Inheritance of resistance to anthracnose stalk rot of corn (Zea mays), caused by Colletotrichum gramiticala, was studied in progeny derived from a cross between the resistant inbred DW 1035 [(MP305×FRB73 [5] ) S8 ] and the susceptible inbred FRB73. In 1987, 1988, and 1989, the parental lines and the F 1 , F 2 , and both backcross generations were tested. Generation mean analysis indicated significant additive and dominance genetic effects were of primary importance in all 3 yr. Dominance estimates ranged from 8.3 to 33.9%. Estimates of the number of effective factors conditioning resistance ranged from 0,38 to 2.08. Significant dominance genetic effects from generation mean analysis, low estimates of the number of effective factors, and frequency distributions of individual plant reactions indicate genetic dominance controlled by one or a few genes [...]
Cross-Conjugated Chromophores:  Synthesis of <i>iso</i>-Polydiacetylenes with Donor/Acceptor Substitution (2000)

The iterative construction of cross-conjugated donor (D), acceptor (A), and donor-acceptor (D-A) substituted iso-polydiacetylene (iso-PDA) oligomers has been achieved utilizing palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling techniques. Structure-property relationships for these compounds have been analyzed for cross-conjugated pi-electronic communication as a result of contributions from donor, acceptor, or donor-acceptor functionalization.
Acerca del fundamento de la legítima (2017)

espanolCon caracter previo a la opcion por uno de los distintos modelos posibles de regulacion de la legitima que ofrece el panorama legislativo espanol e internacional, es necesario resolver cual es el fundamento en que se basa esta institucion. Dos son las posibilidades: concebir a la legitima como un derecho legal en interes de determinados allegados del causante –los legitimarios– o entender que es una manifestacion del principio de solidaridad intergeneracional. A pesar de que en los derechos espanoles esta ultima concepcion se muestra mayoritaria, este paper analiza criticamente el derecho vigente para concluir que, en realidad, tanto las normas legales como las sentencias que las aplican permanecen arraigadas a la legitima como un derecho de los legitimarios del que solo pueden ser privados por un comportamiento especialmente grave y no por razones de insolidaridad con el causante. EnglishBefore opting for one of the many regulatory models of the compulsory share available in the Spanish and international legal landscape, it is necessary to analyze which is the foundation of this institution. Two are the choices: the compulsory share as a legal right in the interest of certain relatives of the deceased –the so-called “legitimarios”– or as a concretion of the principle of intergenerational solidarity. Despite the fact that the last one seems dominant among Spanish scholars, this paper critically scrutinizes the law in force to show that, in truth, not only the legal rules but also the judicial decisions are still rooted in the conception of the compulsory share as a right of the forced heirs from which they can only be deprived because of an especially gross misconduct and not because of their lack of solidarity toward the de cujus.
Component-wise pose normalization for pose-invariant face recognition (2009)

The pose variation involved in facial images significantly degrades the performance of face recognition systems. In this paper, a component-wise pose normalization method for facilitating pose-invariant face recognition is proposed. The main idea is to normalize a non-frontal facial image to a virtual frontal image component by component. In this method, we first partition the whole non-frontal facial image into different facial components and then the virtual frontal view for each component is estimated separately. The final virtual frontal image is generated by integrating the virtual frontal components. The proposed method relies only on 2D images, therefore complex 3D modeling is not needed. The experimental results using the CMU-PIE database demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.
MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF ECG MAP RECONSTRUCTION (1980)

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to provide a detailed account of mathematical methods for determining the system of orthogonal functions which allow a reconstruction of the ECG potential maps by means of a limited number of leads and for reconstructing the maps themselves. In the introduction the problem of the map reconstruction and its motivations are sketched. Section 2 illustrates the concept of canonical decomposition and presents a derivation of the Loeve Karhunen expansion starting from best mean square approximation. The truncation problem, the properties of the eigenvalues of the Fredholm equation and the meaning of the coefficients of the reconstruction are also examined. Section 3 deals with the use of spherical harmonics which is made throughout this paper. The advantages of using such functions are numerous: they also allow the construction of rotation invariant parameters and provide a powerful filtering technique of the data employed for building the eigenfunctions and moreover provide a simple way of solving the integral equations. Section 4 provides a detailed account of the application of the pseudoinverse method to the problem of reconstructing the complete map from a limited number of: leads and illustrates the leading criteria in choosing the lead locations, while Section 5 points out the fact that such a procedure for the reconstruction is equivalent to an orthogonal expansion by means of numerical integration formulas which are explained in Section 6. The equivalence of such approaches does not seem to have been pointed out in the literature. Section 7 is a brief sketch of the practical applications of the mathematics contained in this paper. A comprehensive report of such applications will be the object of a forthcoming paper.
Optimum energy partition between data and midamble for channel estimation in TD-CDMA (2002)

Channel estimation in the uplink of a TD-CDTMA system can be accomplished by inserting 11 known sequence of symbols at the chip rate, usually in the middle of the burst, and therefore called midamble. In this paper we found the analytical solution to the problem of optimum energy partition, given the total energy per burst, between the midamble and data fields, in joint detected TD-CDMA systems. We show that, given the lengths of the data and midamble, in general the optimal solution requires different amplitude levels. We also show the burst structure in order to reach the optimum energy partition with equal amplitude symbols, and the performance degradation with traditional choices. The analysis is validated, for different channels, by comparison with simulation results of the TD-CDMA radio interlace specified for third generation cellular systems, where gains in terms of signal-to-noise ratio of 0.5-0.9 dB are achieveable.
Quantitative accuracy of MAP reconstruction for dynamic PET imaging in small animals (2012)

The authors observed that 3D-MAP produces more accurate activity concentration estimates than 2D-FBP or 2D-OSEM at all practical levels of statistics and contrasts due to improved spatial resolution leading to lesser partial volume effect.
Aminophthalocyanine-Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation of Leishmania tropica (2016)

Photodynamic inactivation ofLeishmaniaspp. requires the cellular uptake of photosensitizers, e.g., endocytosis of silicon(IV)-phthalocyanines (PC) axially substituted with bulky ligands. We report here that when substituted with amino-containing ligands, the PCs (PC1 and PC2) were endocytosed and displayed improved potency againstLeishmania tropicapromastigotes and axenic amastigotesin vitro The uptake of these PCs by bothLeishmaniastages followed saturation kinetics, as expected. Sensitive assays were developed for assessing the photodynamic inactivation ofLeishmaniaspp. by rendering them fluorescent in two ways: transfecting promastigotes to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) and loading them with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE). PC-sensitizedLeishmania tropicastrains were seen microscopically to lose their motility, structural integrity, and GFP/CFSE fluorescence after exposure to red light (wavelength, ∼650 nm) at a fluence of 1 to 2 J cm(-2) Quantitative fluorescence assays based on the loss of GFP/CFSE from liveLeishmania tropicashowed that PC1 and PC2 dose dependently sensitized both stages for photoinactivation, consistent with the results of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay.Leishmania tropicastrains are >100 times more sensitive than their host cells or macrophages to PC1- and PC2-mediated photoinactivation, judging from the estimated 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) of these cells. Axial substitution of the PC with amino groups instead of other ligands appears to increase its leishmanial photolytic activity by up to 40-fold. PC1 and PC2 are thus potentially useful for photodynamic therapy of leishmaniasis and for oxidative photoinactivation ofLeishmaniaspp. for use as vaccines or vaccine carriers.
Cervical Muscle Response to Head Rotation in Whiplash-Type Left Lateral Impacts (2005)

In Brief Study Design. Twenty healthy volunteers were subjected to left lateral impacts, randomly looking either left or right. Objectives. The purpose of this study is to determine the response of the cervical muscles to lateral impact whiplash-type perturbations when the head is rotated at the time of impact. Summary of Background Data. A previous study of left lateral impacts with head in neutral posture suggests that the burden of impact is borne primarily by the splenius capitis muscles. In order to improve automobile designs to prevent whiplash injury, we need to understand the response of the cervical muscles to whiplash-type perturbations in less-than-ideal conditions, such as when the head is rotated to the right and at the time of lateral impact. Methods. Bilateral electromyograms of the sternocleidomastoids, trapezii, and splenii capitis were recorded. Triaxial accelerometers recorded the acceleration of the sled, torso, and head of the participant. Results. For participants experiencing a left lateral impact, whether having the head rotated to the left or right at the time of impact, the muscle responses generally increased with increasing levels of acceleration (P < 0.05). The time of onset and peak electromyograph reading for most muscles progressively decreased with increasing acceleration. Overall, however, muscle responses were of low magnitude with the head rotated to the left or right. The sternocleidomastoid muscle responsible for head rotation (i.e., right sternocleidomastoid muscle when looking left) had a greater electromyograph response than its counterpart (P < 0.05). The contralateral splenius capitis and trapezius had the highest electromyograph responses. The remaining muscles showed similar levels of electromyograph responses, but even at the highest acceleration of 12.8 m/s2, all generated less than 45% of their maximal voluntary contraction electromyograph reading. Conclusions. Compared to a lateral impact with the volunteer’s head in the neutral position, a lateral impactwith head rotation to either right or left may reduce the muscle response. Further studies are needed to determine whether or not head rotation at the time of lateral impact reduces overall injury risk. Healthy volunteers were subjected to left lateral impacts with their head rotated either right or left to determine the cervical muscle response. Head rotation in a left lateral impact reduces the overall muscles response and may thus be protective in regards to muscle injury.