gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of selenomethionyl‐derivatized proteins in baculovirus‐infected insect cells (2007)

A protocol is described for the production of both intracellularly expressed and secreted selenomethionyl-derivatized recombinant proteins in baculovirus-infected insect cells. The method results in the production of recombinant soluble proteins with an SeMet occupancy of approximately 75% and with a recovery of approximately 20% that of native protein expression. The method is independent of the percentage methionine content of the protein and is reliable and consistent. Similar results are obtained using either Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 or Trichoplusia ni High Five insect cells as the expression host, and when cultures are grown in either shake flasks or in Wave BioReactors.
The Minimum Noise Figure of Microwave Beam Amplifiers (1955)

A matrix description of microwave amplifiers such as klystrons, traveling-wave tubes, and backward-wave amplifiers, in which an electron beam interacts with longitudinal RF fields, is developed. Certain relations between the matrix elements are derived as a consequence of the conservation of energy and these relations set a lower limit to the noise figure attainable with amplifiers of this class. It is shown that the minimum noise figure of any amplifier of this type with lossless RF structures is identical with that already found by several authors for the traveling-wave tube and is entirely determined by the noise parameters of the beam. These in turn depend only on conditions in the immediate neighborhood of the cathode. Special cases involving lossy structures are investigated and in each case the presence of loss is shown to increase the noise figure. The method is also applied to calculate the minimum noise figure of a double-stream amplifier.
Rational Design of Non-Hydroxamate Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (2006)

While most inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are hydroxamic acid derivatives, several non-hydroxamates have recently been developed as inhibitors and attracted quite a deal of attention. In this review, we present the rational design, inhibitory effect and antiproliferative activity of non-hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors.
Temperature, pH, and Ionic Strength Induced Changes of the Swelling Behavior of PNIPAM−Poly(allylacetic acid) Copolymer Microgels (2008)

The volume phase transition of colloidal microgels made of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) is well-studied and it is known that the transition temperature can be influenced by copolymerization. A series of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide- co-allylacetic acid) copolymers with different contents of allylacetic acid (AAA) was synthesized by means of a simple radical polymerization approach. The thermoresponsive behavior of these particles was studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Further characterization was done by employing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential measurements. TEM observations reveal the approximately spherical shape and low polydispersity of the copolymer particles. In addition, the measured zeta potentials provide information about the relative surface charge. Since these copolymers are much more sensitive to external stimuli such as pH and ionic strength than their pure PNIPAM counterparts, the volume phase transition was investigated at two different pH values and various salt concentrations. At pH 10 for the copolymer microgels with the highest AAA content, a significant shift of the volume phase transition temperature toward higher values is found. For higher AAA content, a change in pH from 8 to 10 can induce a change in radius of up to 100 nm making the particles interesting as pH controlled actuators.
High Speed USB 2.0 Interface for FPGA Based Embedded Systems (2009)

FPGA implementation of high speed serial peripherals such as USB 2.0 are of great use. The Cypress SX2 USB 2.0 controller is one of the suitable choices for developing FPGA based USB peripherals. A simple interface module capable of transferring data rates above 400 Mbits/s can be implemented to communicate with SX2. FPGAs can efficiently be used for building embedded systems. Xilinx complete set of development tools make implementation of large system-on-chip designs feasible. We present two complete architectures for connecting SX2 to FPGA. First design minimizes FPGA resource usage while keeping a reasonable speed. In the second design, optimizations are done to reach maximum USB 2.0 interface speed at the cost of some additional logic. In order to use developed module in Xilinx embedded design flow, we make a custom peripheral which includes SX2 interface as its core and additional logic capable of connecting to OPB and PLB.
A Pragmatic PHY Abstraction Technique for Link Adaptation and MIMO Switching (2008)

MIMO (multiple input multiple output) techniques are widely employed to improve the performance of wireless systems. These techniques are used to overcome multipath fading and/or improve the peak throughput of wireless systems. It is well known that there is a fundamental tradeoff between diversity gain and multiplexing gain [1]. Orthogonal space time codes such as the Alamouti code (also known as space time block codes (STBC)) exploit multiple antennas as a diversity source, and thus improve packet error rate (PER) and the average throughput. However, space time block codes are not designed to increase the peak data rate of the system. On the other hand, spatial multiplexing (SM) techniques offer higher peak throughput by transmitting parallel streams of data from different antennas. In order to successfully decode the parallel streams, the channel must exhibit a small eigenvalue spread. Otherwise, the streams will interfere with one another and it is difficult to decode the information data. The performance improvement from SM is therefore highly dependent on the channel characteristics. It is possible to use multiple encoders and rate control per layer to improve the SM performance. However, there are instances of channel where STBC is more beneficial than SM with a single encoder. In order to resolve the shortcomings of STBC and SM, a hybrid technique can be applied where depending on the instantaneous channel conditions either STBC or SM is selected. This technique is commonly referred to as adaptive MIMO switching (AMS) [5]-[11]. One important aspect of the technique is the switching criteria, namely the PHY abstraction method which estimates a packet error event as a function of the instantaneous channel condition, transmission profiles, and receiver characteristics. We show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other techniques such as determinant and Demmel condition number based techniques in flat fading channel. In selective fading channels where a codeword sees a finite number of multiple channel qualities, estimating the resulting PER is very challenging. Existing techniques rely on an estimate of the average of the channel qualities seen by each codeword. In this paper, we propose a PHY abstraction and switching algorithm hereby referred to by weighted sum of instantaneous qualities (WSIQ) whereby the channel qualities are ordered in order to reduce the variance of channel qualities and then a weighted sum of the qualities is applied. The weighting vector is chosen to minimize the variance of the linear sum. We have provided simulations to show the superiority of WSIQ even when channel statistics are unknown. In addition, computationally efficient techniques suited for practical implementation are proposed.
Cathepsin L affects apoptosis of glioblastoma cells: a potential implication in the design of cancer therapeutics. (2006)

Increased chemoresistance of tumour cells may be associated with increased levels of CatL and may have potential application in gene therapy, which would augment the apoptosis of glioblastoma cells induced by chemotherapy.
Understanding the cost of power interruptions to U.S. electricity consumers (2004)

The massive electric power blackout in the northeastern United States and Canada on August 14-15, 2003 resulted in the U.S. electricity system being g called antiquated and catalyzed discussions about modernizing the grid. Industry sources suggested that investments of $50 to $100 billion would be needed. This report seeks to quantify an important piece of information that has been missing from these discussions: how much do power interruptions and fluctuations in power quality (power-quality events) cost U.S. electricity consumers? Accurately estimating this cost will help assess the potential benefits of investments in improving the reliability of the grid. We develop a comprehensive end-use framework for assessing the cost to U.S. electricity consumers of power interruptions and power-quality events (referred to collectively as reliability events ). The framework expresses these costs as a function of: - Number of customers by type in a region; - Frequency and type of reliability events experienced annually (including both power interruptions and power-quality events) by these customers; - Cost of reliability events; and - Vulnerability of customers to these events. The framework is designed so that its cost estimate can be improved as additional data become available. Using our framework, we estimate that the national cost of power interruptions is about $80 billion annually, based on the best information available in the public domain. However, there are large gaps in and significant uncertainties about the information currently available. Notably, we were not able to develop an estimate of power-quality events. Sensitivity analysis of some of these uncertainties suggests that the total annual cost could range from less than $30 billion to more than $130 billion. Because of this large range and the enormous cost of the decisions that may be based on this estimate, we encourage policy makers, regulators, and industry to jointly under take the comparatively modest-cost improvements needed in the information used to estimate the cost of reliability events. Specific areas for improvement include: coordinated, nationwide collection of updated information on the cost of reliability events; consistent definition and recording of the duration and frequency of reliability events, including power-quality events; and improved information on the costs of and efforts by consumers to reduce their vulnerability to reliability events.
Profile of epratuzumab and its potential in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (2014)

Management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) represents a fascinating, emerging field. Research has recently provided us with a better understanding of the immunologic alterations of SLE, leading to the creation of immunomodulatory agents designed to disrupt specific cell targets and pro-inflammatory pathways. Despite the improvement in the prognosis of SLE in the last 50 years with the use of immunosuppressive therapy such as cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil, cytotoxicity remains a major complication of these medications and the need for more specific targeted immunotherapy is increasing. Early recognition and treatment of SLE with targeted immunotherapy has the potential to improve quality of life and reduce the risk of disease flare-ups and complications. In this review, we will explore the role of B-cells in the pathogenesis of SLE highlighting current insights into SLE development and management. In addition, we will discuss epratuzumab's role in the treatment of SLE. Epratuzumab is a humanized anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody that targets CD22 on B-cell and its role in B-cell modulation, migration, function, and inhibition of B-cell receptor signaling. Epratuzumab is currently in a Phase III study evaluating its efficacy in the management of moderate to severe SLE. All published trials on epratuzumab have shown great promise with safe profiles.
The role of incompetence of the anterior cruciate and lateral ligaments in anterolateral and anteromedial instability. A biomechanical study of cadaver knees. (1981)

The test apparatus and the results are useful in assessing which ligament structures contribute to clinically noted rotational knee instabilities.
Parvovirus serologically related to the minute virus of mice (MVM) as contaminant of BHK 21 cl. 13 suspension cells. (1985)

From BHK 21 cl. 13 suspensions cells we have isolated a virus serologically related to the Minute Virus of Mice (MVM); the same virus has been isolated from the same cells in U.K. in 1980. Besides isolating this virus from large scale cultures, we have also isolated it from many of the sublines stored in nitrogen we received at different times from different laboratories. At this time it is difficult to ascertain if the contamination originated from the serum or from other components of the medium; furthermore we do not know if many of the cells of our stock became contaminated in our laboratory or if they were already contaminated.
Multiple pulse generator for ultra-wideband communication using Hermite polynomial based orthogonal pulses (2002)

We propose a circuit for generation of modified Hermite polynomial functions for use in impulse radio communications. Simultaneous generation of pulses of differing order is developed, reducing circuit complexity. Pulses are produced by applying modifications to Hermite polynomials. Pulses have the properties of orthogonality and not changing their pulse width and pulse bandwidth significantly dependent on pulse order, or under the differentiation effect of the transmitter or receiver antenna. The usefulness of these pulses applied to a multi-user system by orthogonal pulse modulation is shown by comparison with conventional pulse position modulation by computer simulation.
Design of Highly-Nonlinear Tellurite Fibers with Zero Dispersion Near 1550nm (2002)

We designed highly-nonlinear tellurite fibers with zero-dispersion near 1550 nm and the nonlinear coefficient gamma over 200 km-1 -W-1 using various structures including tapered fibers and photonic crystal structures. Applications to fiber optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) are discussed
Lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor, potentiates the apoptotic effect of parthenolide, an inhibitor of NFkappaB activation, on drug-resistant mouse leukemia L1210 cells. (2003)

An L1210 cell line (Y8) selected for resistance to deoxyadenosine does not express p53 mRNA or protein but expresses WAF1/p21 even under basal conditions. The Y8 cell line had been previously shown to have an increased apoptotic response to a variety of agents that included DNA damaging agents, kinase inhibitors and drugs directed at NFkappa B activation. In this study we show that lactacystin (LC, an inhibitor of proteasome activity) in combination with parthenolide (PA) caused a synergistic increase in the apoptotic fraction of the Y8 cells. LC (2.5 microM) alone and PA (5.0 microM) caused less than 20% of the Y8 cells to undergo apoptosis. However, the combination of LC (2.5 microM) plus PA (5.0 microM) caused 60% of the Y8 cells to undergo apoptosis. The combination of drugs had no effects on the parental wild-type L1210 cells. Pretreatment of the intact Y8 cells with the caspase-3 inhibitor, Ac-DEVD-CHO, resulted in a marked decrease in the apoptosis caused by the LC plus PA combination. Cell-free extracts prepared from the LC plus PA combination-treated cells had activated caspase activities in the caspase cascade: caspase-3 >> caspase-8 > caspase-6 and caspase-10. These results suggest that there are interacting pathways involving aspects of NFkappa B activation and proteasome activity that could be exploited in therapy directed at p53-deficient tumor cells that would lead to caspase-3 activation and apoptosis bypassing the p53-dependent chemotherapy insensitivity.
A JPEG compression resistant steganography scheme for raster graphics images (2007)

Steganography is the science and art of hiding data into inconspicuous media. Various steganography schemes exist which can be utilized to hide data in digital images without bringing about any perceptible change in the image. Most of these schemes lack the robustness to retain the hidden data after the image has been converted to another format using a lossy compression algorithm. We propose a scheme which hides data in bitmap images, in a way that there is almost no perceptible difference between the original image and this new image and which is also resistant to JPEG compression. In all the tests we were able to retrieve the whole data from an image after we had hidden it in a raster graphics image and the image had been compressed using the JPEG algorithm. JPEG compression is performed independently on blocks of 8x8 pixels in an image while converting it to the JPEG format. The proposed scheme makes use of this property.
Analysis, Modeling and Dynamic Optimization of 3D Time-of-Flight Imaging Systems (2011)

The present thesis is concerned with the optimization of 3D Time-of-Flight (ToF) imaging systems. These novel cameras determine range images by actively illuminating a scene and measuring the time until the backscattered light is detected. Depth maps are constructed from multiple raw images. Usually two of such raw images are acquired simultaneously using special correlating sensors. This thesis covers four main contributions: A physical sensor model is presented which enables the analysis and optimization of the process of raw image acquisition. This model supports the proposal of a new ToF sensor design which employs a logarithmic photo response. Due to asymmetries of the two read-out paths current systems need to acquire the raw images in multiple instances. This allows the correction of systematic errors. The present thesis proposes a method for dynamic calibration and compensation of these asymmetries. It facilitates the computation of two depth maps from a single set of raw images and thus increases the frame rate by a factor of two. Since not all required raw images are captured simultaneously motion artifacts can occur. The present thesis proposes a robust method for detection and correction of such artifacts. All proposed algorithms have a computational complexity which allowsreal-time execution even on systems with limited resources (e.g. embeddedsystems). The algorithms are demonstrated by use of a commercial ToF camera.
Sensitive and Broadly Reactive Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays To Detect Novel Paramyxoviruses (2008)

We have developed a set of reverse transcription-PCR assays for the detection and identification of known and novel paramyxoviruses in clinical specimens. Primers were designed from the conserved motifs of the polymerase pol gene sequences to detect members of the Paramyxovirinae or Pneumovirinae subfamily or groups of genera within the Paramyxovirinae subfamily. The consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primer design and seminested or nested PCR assay design were used to enhance the breadth of reactivity and sensitivity of the respective assays. Using expressed RNA and 10-fold dilution series of virus-infected tissue culture isolates from different members of the family or genera, these assays were able to detect on average between 100 and 500 copies of template RNA. The assays were specific to the respective group of genera or subfamily viruses. This set of primers enhances our ability to look for novel viruses in outbreaks and diseases of unknown etiology.
Review of condition monitoring of rotating electrical machines (2008)

Condition monitoring of rotating electrical machinery has received intense research interest for more than 30 years. However, electrical machinery has been considered reliable and the application of fast-acting digital electrical protection has rather reduced the attention operators pay to the equipment. The area based upon current literature and the author's experience is reviewed. There are three restrictions: only on-line techniques for rotating machines are dealt with; specific problems of variable speed drives are not dealt with, except in passing; conventional rather than emerging brushless, reluctance and permanent magnet machines of unusual topology are concentrated upon. The art of condition monitoring is minimalist, to take minimum measurements from a machine necessary to extract a diagnosis, so that a condition can be rapidly inferred, giving a clear indication of incipient failure modes. The current state of the art is reviewed in the following ways: survey developments in condition monitoring of machines, mechanically and electrically, over the last 30 years; put that work in context alongside the known failure mechanisms; review those developments which have proved successful and identify areas of research which require attention in the future to advance the subject.
Safety and efficacy of 036 10 (Bacillus subtilis DSM 27273) as a feed additive for weaned piglets and minor porcine species (2015)

The additive 036 10 contains viable spores of a strain of Bacillus subtilis. The bacterial species B. subtilis is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment. As the identity of the active agent has been established and the susceptibility to antibiotics and lack of toxigenic potential have been demonstrated, the use of the additive can be presumed safe for the target species for which an authorisation is being sought. The dustiness of the 036 10 indicated a potential for users to be exposed via inhalation. Given the proteinaceous nature of the active agent, the additive should be considered to have the potential to be a respiratory sensitiser and treated accordingly. In the absence of data, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed cannot conclude on the ocular and dermal irritancy of the additive or its dermal sensitisation. Evidence has been provided that 036 10 has a potential to improve at least one zootechnical parameter when fed to weaned piglets at the minimum proposed dose of 4 10 8 CFU/kg complete feedingstuffs. Since the efficacy of 036 10 for weaned piglets has been established, the product can be assumed to be efficacious for weaned minor porcine species at the same dose.
CD146 as a new marker for an increased chondroprogenitor cell sub‐population in the later stages of osteoarthritis (2014)

Cartilage-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated with different methods. In this study lateral and medial femoral condyles were respectively collected from patients with late-stage osteoarthritis during the total knee arthroplasty. After digestion of the cartilage tissues with type II collagenase and analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with CD146, a chondroprogenitor cell sub-population were isolated and purified. The expression of other MSC-associated markers in the CD146+ chondroprogenitors was analyzed by flow cytometry. Multi-lineage differentiation capacity of CD146+ chondroprogenitors was compared with that of unsorted chondrocytes and adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs). Higher percentage of CD146+ chondroprogenitors isolated from the medial femoral condyles was observed than that from the lateral. CD146+ chondroprogenitors expressed high levels of MSC-specific surface antigens, and showed higher chondrogenesis capacity than ADMSCs and unsorted chondrocytes in a 3D cell pellet culture model. Thus CD146 might be a new cell surface marker for cartilage progenitor cell population in the late-stage osteoarthritis.