gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactions of Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> with Bovine β-Lactoglobulin A and β-Casein (2005)

It is of nutritional significance to fortify processed dairy products (e.g., cheese, yogurt, and ice cream) with vitamin D3; however, the inherent complexity of these foods may influence the stability and bioavailability of this nutrient. In the present study, the interactions of vitamin D3 with beta-lactoglobulin A and beta-casein were investigated under various environmental conditions (i.e., pH and ionic strength) using fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopic techniques. The results indicated that vitamin D3 was bound to both beta-lactoglobulin A and beta-casein depending on the solution conditions. The apparent dissociation constants ranged from 0.02 to 0.29 microM for beta-lactoglobulin A, whereas the beta-casein apparent dissociation constants ranged from 0.06 to 0.26 microM. The apparent mole ratios were also comparable, i.e., 0.51-2.04 and 1.16-2.05 mol of vitamin D3 were bound per mole of beta-lactoglobulin A and beta-casein, respectively. It was concluded that these interactions may strongly influence vitamin D3 stability and, hence, bioavailability in processed dairy products.
Identification of serotype ii infectious bursal disease virus proteins (1988)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of serotype II IBDV (OH and MO strains) purified from infected Vero cells resolved a previously undetected major viral polypeptide, VP2. The molecular weight (MW) of VP2 was different between the two strains of serotype II. It was 43.5 kDa in strain OH and 44 kDa in strain MO. This was higher than the MW of VP2 in SAL strain of serotype I IBDV which was 41 kDa. VPX (50 kDa), VP3 (33 kDa) and VP4 (30.5 kDa) were similar in both serotype II virus strains but were also of higher MW than VPX (48 kDa), VP3 (32 kDa) and VP4 (30 kDa) of SAL virus. VP1 (80 kDa) had the same MW in both serotypes.
Field-emitter array performance enhancement using hydrogen glow discharges (1993)

The changes in the current-voltage characteristics and electron emission spatial distribution of microfabricated field emitters following exposure to hydrogen low-pressure glow discharges have been investigated. The hydrogen discharge was found to result in a work function decrease typically between 0.5 and 1.5 eV following a dose of 1018–1019 ions/cm2. The net result is a reduction in the operating voltage and an improvement in the spatial uniformity of the electron emission.
Boost converter control using Smith Predictor technique to minimize the effect of Right Half Plane zero (2013)

Stringent output voltage regulation with faster transient response is demanded for dc-dc converters. A boost converter is important in LED lighting, photovoltaic systems, hybrid electric vehicles etc. But the presence of a Right Half Plane (RHP) zero in the small-signal model of a boost converter for its continuous current mode operation restricts its speed of response. With standard fixed frequency control, the effect of a RHP zero cannot be eliminated completely. In this paper, the principle of Smith Predictor control is used to minimize the effect of RHP zero and maximize the achievable control loop bandwidth with sufficient phase margin. The Smith Predictor structure is realized with a Sallen-Key band pass filter and simulated with a voltage mode (VM) boost converter and a type III compensator in closed loop. The analytical results are verified with large-signal CADENCE switched simulations. The limitations of Smith Predictor control are also discussed in this context.
Two-Level Attention Model of Representation Learning for Fraud Detection (2021)

Fraud detection has attracted significant attention in financial institutions, especially utilizing some artificial intelligent methods to automatically detect fraudulent transactions. With the study and application of intelligent fraud detection technology, scholars found that the representation learning method can reveal more information about fraud patterns, which is also crucial for detection task. Therefore, in this work, we present a novel method for detecting fraud transactions by combining two modules learning hidden information at different levels of data in a unified framework. To address and explore the deep representation of features of transaction behaviors, we propose a two-level attention model to capture them by integrating two data embeddings at the data sample level and the feature level. In particular, the sample-level attention model captures the detailed information more centrally that is difficult to determine; the feature-level attention model extends the information of feature dependences. We further combine them to train a final fraud detection model. Extensive experiments are conducted using a data set provided by a financial company in China and several public financial data sets. The results confirm the effectiveness of our proposed method in detecting fraudulent transactions compared with other state-of-the-art methods.
Real-Time Train Wheel Condition Monitoring by Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors (2011)

Wheel defects on trains, such as flat wheels and out-of-roundness, inevitably jeopardize the safety of railway operations. Regular visual inspection and checking by experienced workers are the commonly adopted practice to identify wheel defects. However, the defects may not be spotted in time. Therefore, an automatic, remote-sensing, reliable, and accurate monitoring system for wheel condition is always desirable. The paper describes a real-time system to monitor wheel defects based on fiber Bragg grating sensors. Track strain response upon wheel-rail interaction is measured and processed to generate a condition index which directly reflects the wheel condition. This approach is verified by extensive field test, and the preliminary results show that this electromagnetic-immune system provides an effective alternative for wheel defects detection. The system significantly increases the efficiency of maintenance management and reduces the cost for defects detection, and more importantly, avoids derailment timely.
REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 1,1’-DIBENZYL-5,5’-DIISOPROPYL-3,3’-BIPYRAZOLE (2015)

Le 1,1’-dibenzyl-5,5’-diisopropyl-3,3’-bipyrazole a été synthétisé de façon régiosélective par la dibenzylation d’un nouveau dérivé du 3,3’-bipyrazole. Le produit obtenu a été clairement caractérisé par les données spectrales (IR, RMN 1H, 13C, masse) analyse élémentaire et par rayons X.
Value Prediction Network (2017)

This paper proposes a novel deep reinforcement learning (RL) architecture, called Value Prediction Network (VPN), which integrates model-free and model-based RL methods into a single neural network. In contrast to typical model-based RL methods, VPN learns a dynamics model whose abstract states are trained to make option-conditional predictions of future values (discounted sum of rewards) rather than of future observations. Our experimental results show that VPN has several advantages over both model-free and model-based baselines in a stochastic environment where careful planning is required but building an accurate observation-prediction model is difficult. Furthermore, VPN outperforms Deep Q-Network (DQN) on several Atari games even with short-lookahead planning, demonstrating its potential as a new way of learning a good state representation.
A multiple criterion screen for identifying secondary school children with psychiatric disorder: Characteristics and efficiency of screen (1980)

A multiple criterion screen was developed as part of a study which was designed to assess different types of intervention for school children with psychiatric disorder. The foremost requirement was that false positives be kept to a minimum, with selected children being unequivocally disturbed. Children were identified for treatment by the following measures: (a) teacher rating on the Rutter B2 Scale, giving a total score and subscores for neurotic and antisocial behaviour; (b) peer ratings on a sociometric measure, yielding isolation and rejection scores; and (c) self ratings on the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory, specifically the neuroticism dimension. A weighting system was developed so that children could be selected on the basis of extreme scores on either teacher or self-rating measures alone, or by a combination of less extreme scores on more than one measure. The results are presented and discussed.
594. The β-phenylserine series. Part I (1951)

E. D. Bergmann, H. Bendas and W. Taub, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 2673 DOI: 10.1039/JR9510002673
The Relation of Risk Factors to the Development of Atherosclerosis in Saphenous-Vein Bypass Grafts and the Progression of Disease in the Native Circulation (1984)

We examined 82 patients 10 years after saphenous-vein aortocoronary bypass surgery to determine their angiographic status and to relate those findings to the risk factors for coronary-artery disease. Of 132 grafts shown to be patent 1 year after surgery, only 50 were unaffected at 10 years. The remainder were narrowed (43) or occluded (39). Disease progression in coronary arteries without grafts was also frequent, both in vessels that were normal (15 of 32) and in those with minor stenosis (25 of 53). New lesions did not develop in 15 patients, whereas they did in 67--in the grafts, the native vessels, or both. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of hypertension, diabetes, or smoking, whereas plasma levels of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) were higher, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were lower in those with new disease than in those without. Univariate analysis showed that plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher at the time of surgery and at the 10-year examination in those with new lesions. Multivariate analysis indicated that among the lipoprotein indexes, levels of HDL cholesterol and plasma LDL apoprotein B best distinguished the two groups. The findings indicate that atherosclerosis in these patients was a progressive disease, frequently affecting both the grafts and the native vessels, and that the course of such disease may be related to the plasma lipoprotein levels.
Evaluation of Renal Function in Neonatal Rats (1982)

The ontogenetic profile of several parameters of neonatal renal development in the rat is presented. Nephrogenesis was observed to continue at a rapid pace between birth and 8 days of age and to be virtually complete by 11 days of age. The activity of alkaline phosphatase, a brush border enzyme, declined during this time period relative to organ growth as a whole. The ability to elaborate a concentrated urine when presented with a period of fluid deprivation was barely present at birth and increased dramatically with age. Finally, the diuresis response to an orally administered water load was detected on the second postnatal day, while the response to antidiuretic hormones was present to a slight degree on the first postnatal day.
Cost-effective production of highly regular nanostructured metallization layers (2003)

In this paper we describe how the effect of irradiation-and strain-induced surface processing of elastomer surfaces (Katzenberg 2001 Macromol. Mater. Eng. 286 26) can be exploited for production of highly regular nanostructured metallization layers. Poly(dimethyl siloxane) elastomer was treated under one-dimensional strain by an argon plasma to exhibit highly oriented surface undulations with nearly uniform periods and amplitudes. The microstructured silicone surface topography was evaporated under a tilt angle of 45° with platinum and subsequently mechanically strained up to 30%. This treatment results in the formation of platinum ribbons or rods with a width which is similar to the wavelength of the silicone surface undulations. The gaps between the rods can be reproducibly tuned by strain of the silicone substrate between a few nm up to some 100 nm. To fix a special gap width between a set of nanorods arranged in parallel, the metallization on top of the silicone can be transferred completely to another polymer support.
Optimizing ETL by a Two-Level Data Staging Method (2016)

In data warehousing, the data from source systems are populated into a central data warehouse (DW) through extraction, transformation and loading (ETL). The standard ETL approach usually uses sequential jobs to process the data with dependencies, such as dimension and fact data. It is a non-trivial task to process the so-called early-/late-arriving data, which arrive out of order. This paper proposes a two-level data staging area method to optimize ETL. The proposed method is an all-in-one solution that supports processing different types of data from operational systems, including early-/late-arriving data, and fast-/slowly-changing data. The introduced additional staging area decouples loading process from data extraction and transformation, which improves ETL flexibility and minimizes intervention to the data warehouse. This paper evaluates the proposed method empirically, which shows that it is more efficient and less intrusive than the standard ETL method.
AC Coupled Interconnect using Buried Bumps for Laminated Organic Packages (2006)

Various techniques for providing non-contacting, interchip signaling have been demonstrated, such as: ACCI presented in S. Mick et al. (2002) and L. Luo et al. (2005), proximity communication based in R. Drost et al. (2004), and wireless superconnect (WSC) reported in K. Kanda et al. (2004). ACCI using buried bumps is the only technology that provides a manufacturable solution for non-contacting I/O signaling by integrating high-density, low inductance power and ground distribution with high-density, high-speed I/O. This completely integrated solution has been demonstrated at 2.5Gb/s/channel across 5.6cm of micro-strip transmission line using 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS ICs that were flip-chip attached onto a silicon MCM-D as presented in J. Wilson et al. (2005).
Synthesis of New Artemisinin-Derived Dimers by Self-Cross-Metathesis Reaction (2005)

[reaction: see text] New artemisinin-derived dimers, fluorinated or not, have been prepared by a self-cross metathesis reaction in the presence of first- or second-generation ruthenium catalysts without degradation of the endoperoxide bridge and with a good E/Z selectivity (up to 100:0).
Radial basis function neural networks versus fuzzy models to predict return of consciousness after general anesthesia (2005)

This work presents two modelling techniques to predict return of consciousness (ROC) after general anaesthesia, considering the effect concentration of the anaesthetic drug at awakening. First, several clinical variables were statistically analysed to determine their correlation with the awakening concentration. The anaesthetic and the analgesic mean dose during surgery, and the age of the patient, proved to have significantly high correlation coefficients. Variables like the mean bispectral index value during surgery, duration of surgery did not present a statistical relation with ROC. Radial basis function (RBF) neural networks were trained relating different sets of clinical values with the anaesthetic drug effect concentration at awakening. Secondly, fuzzy models were built using an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) also relating different sets of variables. Clinical data was used to train and test the models. The fuzzy models and RBF neural networks proved to have good prediction properties and balanced results.
Quinoxaline Derivatives. XII. The Reactions of Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides with Acetic Anhydride (1987)

Abstract Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (XIIIa) with acetic anhydride gave 1-acetoxy-2(1H)-quinoxalinone (XIVa) which was prone to facile hydrolysis to yield 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinoxalinone (XVa). Both XIVa and XVa were isolated from the reaction mixture. On prolonged heating with acetic anhydride, XIIIa, XIVa, and XVa were converted slowly to the same end product, 2,3(1H,4H)-quinoxalinedione (XXa). 6-Ethoxy- (XIIIb), 6-methoxy- (XIIIc), and 6-methylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (XIIId) behaved similarly, except that the attack of the reagent took place exclusively on N-oxide para to the electron-donating substituents, and none of the other expected isomeric compounds XVIIb–d were isolated. Whereas 6-chloroquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (XIIIe) bearing an electron-attracting chloro substituent on the benzene ring gave exclusively the other isomers XVIIe, XVIIIe, and XXe. A mechanism for this novel rearrangement is proposed and discussed.
Alternativen und Weiterentwicklung der Therapie der akuten myeloischen Leukämie (AML) des Erwachsenen (1987)

The 1982 randomized, multicenter trial on adult-AML in West Germany revealed a superiority of remission duration (p = 0.004) and survival (p = 0.06) for patients receiving monthly myelosuppressive maintenance chemotherapy after TAD9-induction and consolidation as compared to patients without maintenance. In the 1985 pilot study double induction as a new approach followed by consolidation and monthly maintenance in patients up to 60 years of age was found well practicable, with 77% complete remissions and 12% early deaths in 81 patients. In addition preliminary remission duration and survival at 1 1/2 years appear favorable.
Chemostratigraphy of the Upper Carboniferous Schooner Formation, southern North Sea (2005)

Summary The virtually barren, mainly redbed sequences of the Schooner Formation (Upper Carboniferous) of the southern North Sea are an important gas reservoir, although well placement and reservoir development are hampered by the lack of a reliable stratigraphical framework. Chemostratigraphy has enabled the Schooner Formation encountered in well 44/21-3 to be divided into three chemostratigraphical units (S1, S2 and S3) and eleven sub-units (S1a–f, S2a–b and S3a–c), based on variations in mudstone and sandstone geochemical data acquired from core samples and cuttings. The geochemical characteristics of the units can be related to variations in mineralogy, depositional environment, climate and provenance. The units are correlated subregionally and the correlation is used to corroborate seismic correlations. A high-resolution chemostratigraphical zonation and correlation based on sub-units redefines models of reservoir architecture and enhances reservoir development in the nearby Schooner field.
Formation of Cross‐Linked Chloroperoxidase Aggregates in the Pores of Mesocellular Foams: Characterization by SANS and Catalytic Properties (2009)

No escape: The formation of cross-linked chloroperoxidase aggregates (CPO-CLEAs) in the pores of mesocellular foam materials results in active biocatalysts that are more resistant to leaching than the conventional catalyst prepared by physisorption of chloroperoxidase. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments clearly confirm that the CPO-CLEAs are located in the pores of the mesocellular foams.
History of Gynecological Pathology (2005)

From the Division of Pathology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Canada. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Bernard Têtu, Department of Pathology, CHUQ, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec 11, Côte du Palais Québec, Québec, Canada G1R 2J6. E-mail: [email protected]
Sequential clot strength analyses following diclofenac in pediatric adenotonsillectomy (2007)

Diclofenac when given preoperatively does not adversely affect clot strength in the immediate postoperative period when the risk of primary hemorrhage is greatest.
NKT cells play critical roles in the induction of oral tolerance by inducing regulatory T cells producing IL‐10 and transforming growth factor β, and by clonally deleting antigen‐specific T cells (2006)

Oral tolerance is the systemic unresponsiveness induced by orally administered proteins. To explore the roles of natural killer T (NKT) cells in oral tolerance, we induced oral tolerance to ovalbumin (OVA) in NKT cell-deficient mice. In CD1d-/- mice, the induction of tolerance to orally administered high- or low-dose OVA was impaired. Dendritic cells (DCs) in the Peyer's patches (PPs) of CD1d-/- mice fed OVA showed high expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and B7 molecules, whereas DCs of control mice fed OVA expressed low levels of these molecules. The adoptive transfer of NKT cells restored oral tolerance and induction of tolerogenic DCs in the PPs and spleens of CD1d-/- mice. Moreover, interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 production in vitro were reduced in cells from the spleen and PPs of CD1d-/- mice compared with those of control mice fed OVA. The numbers of OVA-specific CD4+ KJ1-26+ T cells were significantly reduced in the PPs and spleens of DO11.10 mice fed OVA. In contrast, OVA-specific CD4+ KJ1-26+ T cells were not deleted in the PPs or spleens of DO11.10 CD1d-/- mice. In conclusion, NKT cells were found to play an indispensable role in oral tolerance by inducing regulatory T cells, and clonally deleting antigen-specific CD4+ T cells.
Validating Diurnal Climatology Logic of the MT‐CLIM Model Across a Climatic Gradient in Oregon (1994)

This study tests diurnal climatology assumptions made in the MT—CLIM model by examining two microclimate variables driven by diurnal atmospheric dynamics: incident solar radiation (in kilojoules per square metre), and humidity, expressed as vapor pressure deficit, VPD (in kilopascals). The relative VPD humidity comparison was used to test our hypothesis that night minimum temperatures can function as a surrogate for dew—point temperatures. VPD was chosen as the humidity measure for these tests since plants are more directly sensitive of this measure than relative humidity. For the observed vs. examined vapor pressure deficit models, we obtained coefficients of determination (R 2 ) ranging from 0.66 to 0.84. Incident solar radiation is calculated in the model using an algorithm that relates diurnal temperature amplitude to atmospheric transmissivity, coupled with a potential radiation model to compute diffuse and direct radiation. Correlations for incident solar radiation models indicate generally good agreement, with coefficients of determination ranging from R 2 = 0.82 to 0.89. These results suggest that MT—CLIM may be a useful way to provide the climatology that many ecological/hydrological models require, particularly for larger scale spatial modeling applications where precise meteorology may not be as important as a good general characterization of the regional climatology.
A 1-Mbit CMOS dynamic RAM with design-for test functions (1986)

A 1-Mb CMOS DRAM measuring 4.3/spl times/11.7 mm/SUP 2/ (50.32 mm/SUP 2/) has been fabricated using 1.0-/spl mu/m CMOS double-poly single-metal process technology. Both moat and second-level poly are clad to reduce circuit propagation delays. The chip incorporates two modes of 8-bit parallel READ/WRITE, as well as additional functions for test-time reduction. Eight 1-Mb family members can be produced by metal mask selection. The device uses static column circuitry along with two-stage intermediate output buffers to achieve a typical column address access time of 20 ns.