gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum cardiac troponin T and plasma brain natriuretic peptide in patients with cardiac decompensation (2002)

In our earlier study, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy patients with persistently high serum troponin T (TnT) concentrations had notably depressed left ventricular ejection fractions, increased left ventricular diastolic dimensions, and adverse long term outcomes.1–3 Therefore, TnT seems to be a marker of ongoing subclinical myocyte injury, although the mechanism of its release is unknown. Most patients with poor outcomes had persistently high TnT concentrations, even when clinically stabilised by conventional treatment, when they were free of dyspnoea, or radiographic and auscultatory signs of pulmonary congestion. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is an amino acid peptide secreted chiefly by the ventricular myocardium in response to strain. Measurements of plasma concentrations of BNP are being increasingly used as a clinical diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring tool in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).4,5 We therefore examined the significance of TnT and BNP concentrations in patients with CHF.

The study population comprised 35 consecutive patients who presented to the Hyogo …
[Sleep and sleep difficulties in Danish children aged 6-11 years]. (2008)

The results comply with other findings. As in other sleep studies we found that parents estimate the child's sleep to be poorer than it actually is, although the discrepancy is less than seen in clinical populations. Detailed sleep history, possibly in combination with a sleep diary, can usually identify sleep problems and might be the first step in an effective treatment. Furthermore, actigraphy can be an effective supplement in the unravelling of sleep difficulties.
Long‐term therapy of paget's disease of bone with ehdp (1980)

Forty patients with Paget's disease of bone were treated with intermittent courses of the diphosphonate, EHDP. Seven individuals had prolonged remissions after their initial course of therapy, nineteen responded to retreatment with 5 mg/kg of EHDP for 6 months of each year, while 14 patients required cycles of 20 mg/kg for 1 month of every 4. Improvement was indicated by alleviation of symptoms and reduction in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline. Data suggesting a possible role for parathyroid hormone in the expression of Paget's disease are also discussed.
DNA Melting in Gold Nanostove Clusters (2010)

Clusters of gold nanoparticles can be used as optically driven stoves to locally heat biological material such as DNA in biosensors or cancerous tissue in thermotherapy. Clusters of gold nanoparticles behave distinctively different from single nanoheaters as they accumulate heat in-between the individual nanoparticles. However, in very large clusters the rear nanoparticles are shed by front-lying nanoparticles such that the optothermal heating saturates with increasing cluster size. We focus on these two effects and describe the temporal and spatial development of heat generation and subsequent cooling of nanoparticle clusters excited by nanosecond laser pulses. It is found that (i) heat accumulation is most important for DNA melting assays to generate enough heat for DNA melting, (ii) shadowing effects are significant in micrometer sized nanoparticle clusters, and (iii) that DNA needs to be heated substantially above the equilibrium thermodynamic melting temperature in order to induce DNA melting by nanosecond laser pulses.
THE INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITION ON THE SWELLING OF KRAFT BLACK LIQUOR DURING PYROLYSIS (1989)

Abstract During the drying and pyrolysis phases of kraft black liquor combustion, significant swelling of individual liquor particles occurs. Swollen volumes can reach 20 to 30 times the original volume during combustion. The swelling process can affect the combustibility of black liquor and the amount of carryover in a recovery furnace. The composition of black liquor was found to have a large influence on swelling. A combination of sugar acids and kraft lignin swelled to a larger extent than when either component was pyrolyzed separately. A 1:1 ratio of these two components resulted in maximum swelling for the various ratios tested. The molecular weight of kraft lignin had an effect on swollen volume with higher molecular weight fractions producing lower swelling chars. Other components were found to reduce the swelling of black liquors. Extractives interfered with the swelling by appearing to change the deformable properties of the pyrolyzing material. Inorganic salts acted as a diluent. Analysis of the surface characteristics of chars revealed that good swelling chars were composed of small bubbles 50 to 150 microns in diameter. Poor swelling liquors did not exhibit this phenomenon. The formation of bubbles was found to be initiated at 240°C, which closely corresponded to the thermal decomposition temperature of a sugar acid. Kraft lignin appeared to have a major influence on the fluid properties of the pyrolyzing particle. The composition of black liquor determines to a large extent surface forces present in black liquor; these forces are thought to be responsible for the extent to which kraft black liquors deform and swell during pyrolysis.
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the multidrug resistance modulator dexverapamil with EPOCH chemotherapy. (1995)

The phase II recommended dose of dexverapamil with EPOCH is 150 mg/m2 every 4 hours. This dose was well tolerated on an outpatient basis and achieved plasma concentrations of dexverapamil and nor-dexverapamil within the effective range for Pgp inhibition in vitro. Although dexverapamil increased the hematopoietic toxicity of EPOCH, it was mild, readily reversible, and offset by EPOCH dose reductions. Dexverapamil should be considered for further study.
Activation of Adensine A<sub>1</sub> and A<sub>2A</sub> Receptors Modulates Dopamine D<sub>2</sub> Receptor‐Induced Responses in Stably Transfected Human Neuroblastoma Cells (2000)

Adenosine can influence dopaminergic neurotransmission in the basal ganglia via postsynaptic interaction between adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors. We have used a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) that was found to express constitutively moderate levels of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors (approximately 100 fmol/mg of protein) to investigate the interactions of A2A/D2 receptors, at a cellular level. After transfection with human D2L receptor cDNA, SH-SY5Y cells expressed between 500 and 1,100 fmol of D2 receptors/mg of protein. In membrane preparations, stimulation of adenosine A2A receptors decreased the affinity of dopamine D2 receptors for dopamine. In intact cells, the calcium concentration elevation induced by KCI treatment was moderate, and dopamine had no effect on either resting intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) or KCI-induced responses. In contrast, pretreatment with adenosine deaminase for 2 days dramatically increased the elevation of [Ca2+]i evoked by KCI, which then was totally reversed by dopamine. The effects induced by 48-h adenosine inactivation were mimicked by application of adenosine A1 antagonists and could not be further reversed by acute activation of either A1 or A2A receptors. Acute application of the selective A2 receptor agonist CGS-21680 counteracted the D2 receptor-induced [Ca2+]i responses. The present study shows that SH-SY5Y cells are endowed with functional adenosine A2A and A1 receptors and that A2A receptors exert an antagonistic acute effect on dopamine D2 receptor-mediated functions. In contrast, A1 receptors induce a tonic modulatory role on these dopamine functions.
Antiviral Activities of Heated Dolomite Powder (2008)

The effect of the heating conditions of dolomite powder on its antiviral activity was studied against the H5N3 avian influenza virus. Calcium oxide (CaO) and magnesium oxide (MgO), obtained by the thermal decomposition of dolomite above 800 degrees C, were shown to have strong antiviral activity, but the effect was lessened when the heating temperature exceeded 1400 degrees C. Simultaneous measurement of the crystallite size suggested that the weakening of the activity was due to the considerable grain growth of the oxides. It was found that the presence of Mg in dolomite contributed to the deterrence of grain growth of the oxides during the heating process. Although both CaO and MgO exhibited strong antiviral activity, CaO had the stronger activity but quickly hydrated in the presence of water. On the other hand, the hydration of MgO took place gradually under the same conditions. Separate measurements using MgO and Mg(OH)2 revealed that MgO had a higher antiviral effect than Mg(OH)2. From the overall experiments, it was suggested that the strong antiviral activity of dolomite was related to the hydration reaction of CaO.
Pipelined, time-sharing access technique for a highly integrated multi-port memory (1990)

A pipelined, time-sharing access (PTA) technique that enables a two-port memory cell to operate as a four-port memory cell is proposed. The effectiveness of this technique has been demonstrated by fabricating a 64-kb four-port (read/write) memory with 60-MHz operation under a 3-V supply voltage
Direct inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore: a possible mechanism responsible for anti‐apoptotic effects of melatonin (2004)

Melatonin, the secretory product of the pineal gland, is known to be neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia, which is so far mostly attributed to its antioxidant properties. Here we show that melatonin directly inhibits the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP). mtPTP contributes to the pathology of ischemia by releasing calcium and cytochrome c (cyt c) from mitochondria. Consistently, NMDA-induced calcium rises were diminished by melatonin in cultured mouse striatal neurons, similar to the pattern seen with cyclosporine A (CsA). When the mouse striatal neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), melatonin strongly prevented the OGD-induced loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential. To assess the direct effect of melatonin on the mtPTP activity at the single channel level, recordings from the inner mitochondrial membrane were obtained by a patch-clamp approach using rat liver mitoplasts. Melatonin strongly inhibited mtPTP currents in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.8 microM. If melatonin is an inhibitor of the mtPTP, it should prevent mitochondrial cyt c release as seen in stroke models. Rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h followed by reperfusion. Melatonin (10 mg/kg ip) or vehicle was given at the time of occlusion and at the time of reperfusion. Indeed, infarct area in the brain sections of melatonin-treated animals displayed a considerably decreased cyt c release along with less activation of caspase-3 and apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Melatonin treatment diminished the loss of neurons and decreased the infarct volume as compared with untreated MCAO rats. Our findings suggest that the direct inhibition of the mtPTP by melatonin may essentially contribute to its anti-apoptotic effects in transient brain ischemia.
Biologics: the role of delivery systems in improved therapy (2014)

Abstract: The beginning of the 21st century saw numerous protein and peptide therapeuticals both on the market and entering the final stages of clinical studies. They represent a new category of biologically originated drugs termed biologics or biologicals. Their main advantages over conventional drugs can be summarized by their high selectivity and potent therapeutic efficacy coupled with limited side effects. In addition, they exhibit more predictable behavior under in vivo conditions. However, up to now most of the formulations of biologics are designed and destined for the parenteral route of administration. As a consequence, many suffer from short plasma half-lives, resulting in their frequent administration and ultimately poor patient compliance. This review represents an attempt to address some of the challenges and promises in the product development of biologics both for parenteral and noninvasive administration. Some of the products currently in the pipeline of pharmaceutical development and corresponding perspectives are discussed in more detail. Keywords: biologics, drug delivery systems, medical devices
The Spinel Phases LiM y Mn2 − y  O 4 (M = Co, Cr, Ni) as the Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (1996)

To improve the cycle performance of spinel as the cathode of 4 V class lithium secondary batteries, the quaternary spinel phases (M = Co, Cr, Ni; y = 1/12, 1/9, 1/6, 1/3) were prepared at 750°C in air. X‐ray diffraction and electrochemical studies were carried out using the cells. These cathodes were more tolerant to repeated lithium extraction and insertion than a standard spinel electrode in spite of a small reduction in the initial capacity. Considering both cycle life and capacity density, showed good cycle performance with an energy density of at the 300th cycle. The improvement in cycling performance is attributed to the stabilization in the spinel structure by the doped metal cations.
Information Theoretic Measures for Clusterings Comparison: Variants, Properties, Normalization and Correction for Chance (2010)

Information theoretic measures form a fundamental class of measures for comparing clusterings, and have recently received increasing interest. Nevertheless, a number of questions concerning their properties and inter-relationships remain unresolved. In this paper, we perform an organized study of information theoretic measures for clustering comparison, including several existing popular measures in the literature, as well as some newly proposed ones. We discuss and prove their important properties, such as the metric property and the normalization property. We then highlight to the clustering community the importance of correcting information theoretic measures for chance, especially when the data size is small compared to the number of clusters present therein. Of the available information theoretic based measures, we advocate the normalized information distance (NID) as a general measure of choice, for it possesses concurrently several important properties, such as being both a metric and a normalized measure, admitting an exact analytical adjusted-for-chance form, and using the nominal [0,1] range better than other normalized variants.
Lipoxygenase treatment render low-density lipoprotein susceptible to Cu2+-catalysed oxidation (1996)

Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been implicated in foam-cell formation at all stages of atherosclerosis. Since transition metals and mammalian 15-lipoxygenases are capable of oxidizing LDL to its atherogenic form, a concerted action of these two catalysts in atherogenesis has been suggested. Cu2+-catalysed LDL oxidation is characterized by a kinetic lag period in which the lipophilic antioxidants are decomposed and by a complex mixture of unspecific oxidation products. We investigated the kinetics of the 15-lipoxygenase-catalysed oxygenation of LDL and found that the enzyme is capable of oxidizing LDL in the presence of the endogenous lipophilic antioxidants. In contrast with the Cu2+-catalysed reaction, no kinetic lag phase was detected. The pattern of products formed during short-term incubations was highly specific, with cholesterol-esterified (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadinoic acid being the major product. However, after long-term incubations the product pattern was less specific. Preincubation with 15-lipoxygenase rendered human LDL more susceptible to Cu2+-catalysed oxidation as indicated by a dramatic shortening of the lag period. Addition of Cu2+ to lipoxygenase-treated LDL led to a steep decline in its antioxidant content and to a greatly reduced lag period. Interestingly, if normalized to a comparable hydroperoxide content, autoxidation and addition of exogenous hydroperoxy fatty acids both failed to overcome the lag period. The local peroxide concentrations in various LDL subcompartments will be discussed as a possible reason for this unexpected behaviour.
Efficacy of TiOx optical spacer in bulk-heterojunction solar cells processed with 1,8-octanedithiol (2008)

The efficacy of TiOx as an optical spacer in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells made from regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester films processed with 1,8-octanedithiol is investigated. The results indicate that the enhanced efficiency resulting from the TiOx optical spacer is anticorrelated to the concentration of the processing additive. The use of the processing additive induces surface roughness on the BHJ film and thereby diminishes the efficacy of the optical spacer. Solar cells fabricated with both the optical spacer and 1,8-octanedithiol yield efficiencies that are superior to those with either process alone.
Fast simulation of broadband telecommunications networks carrying long-range dependent bursty traffic (1999)

A technique for the fast simulation of broadband communications systems is proposed, which is based on regenerative Importance Sampling techniques. Our algorithm is applicable to estimate the probability of rare events when modeling the offered traffic using Fractional Stable Noise (FSN) processes (including Fractional Brownian Noise as a particular case), which have been recently proved to be able to capture both the long-range dependence and the burstiness of today's aggregate network traffic. An exact description of FSN processes is given, as well as an approximation that allows for the application of Importance Sampling techniques. The results obtained for a simple example are also included.
Pulmonary Eosinophilia Associated with Increased Airway Responsiveness in Young Racing Horses (1998)

Horses are known to acquire small airway disease (SAD), an allergen-induced naturally occurring syndrome of reversible obstructive lung disease accompanied by airway hyperresponsiveness and increased inflammatory cell numbers on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). This disorder has received scant attention in young racehorses. The purpose of the present report was to examine the effect of BAL eosinophilia in young racehorses on clinical examination, BAL, hematology, airway responsiveness, and on pulmonary function at rest and after a standardized exercise challenge. Five (3 males, 2 females; age 2.6 +/- 0.9 years) with a history of respiratory compromise and BAL eosinophil differential count > 5% and 6 controls (4 males, 2 females; age 3.5 +/- 1.0 years) training and performing to expectation with normal BAL cell differential (eosinophils < 1%) were studied. Respiratory system clinical examination was performed and expressed as a clinical score. Arterial blood gas measurements, CBC, and pulmonary function testing were performed at rest. Pulmonary mechanics measurements were repeated 1 hour and 20 hours after a standardized treadmill exercise challenge. Incremental histamine inhalation challenge was performed and the concentration of histamine effecting a 35% decrease in dynamic compliance (PC35CDyn) was determined. Significant differences were noted between and controls with regard to clinical score (P = .01), blood eosinophils (P = .04), BAL cell count (P = .04), BAL macrophage differential (P = .04), PC35CDyn (P = .008), and tidal volume and respiratory rate at 20 hours following exercise challenge (P = .05). We conclude that pulmonary eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness are manifest in some young horses without overt airway obstruction at rest. We speculate that these may be early events in the natural progression of heaves.
Improvement of the triangular MOS transistor for misalignment measurement (2002)

An improvement of the triangular gate MOS transistor for misalignment measurement between gate and active area levels is presented. The number of devices required for the simultaneous determination of X and Y misalignment is reduced from four to three, resulting in a very compact structure with just four pads. Although this simplification is obtained at the cost of an increment of the complexity of the calculations, a simple iterative algorithm is enough to solve them. Two different device arrangements have been designed and fabricated with a NMOS/CMOS, 5- mu m, polysilicon gate technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>THALASSIOSIRA ANDAMANICA</i> SP. NOV. (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE), A NEW DIATOM FROM THE ANDAMAN SEA (THAILAND) (1999)

A new marine diatom, Thalassiosira andamanica, is described from light and electron microscopy. The specimens were collected in the vicinity of Phuket Marine Biological Center, Thailand, and later brought into clonal culture. Thalassiosira andamanica possess a rimoportula with a pronounced outer extension, one marginal ring of fultoportulae, and three rings of fultoportulae on the valve face. Cells are united into colonies by a single thread secreted through a central fultoportula. Marginal fultoportulae extensions are shortest on the inside of the valve. The areolae are arranged in sectors, and the valve margin is ribbed with approximately 38 ribs in 10 μm. The valvocopula and copula have rows of pores, four to six pores in 1 μm. Apparently, the pleurae are hyaline. Experiments with a clonal culture isolated at Phuket, Thailand, showed that growth (cell divisions·24 h −1 ) was reduced for cultures grown at 14° C compared to those grown at 19°, 24°, or 30° C. The maximum growth rate (2.2 divisions·24 h −1 ) was at 30° C. Thalassiosira andamanica is compared with morphologically similar taxa. On the basis of morphological features and the response to different temperature regimens, it is concluded that this taxon must be recognized as a new warm‐water species. In addition, T. andamanica does not clearly belong to any of the two subgroups of species of Thalassiosira. To accommodate the morphological characteristics of T. andamanica, the establishment of a possible third subgroup is discussed.
Morphological Edge Detection and Corner Detection Algorithm Using Chain Encoding. (2006)

Abstract- Edges and corners are regions of interest where there is a sudden change in intensity. These features play an important role in object identification methods used in machine vision and image processing systems. This paper presents a novel method for edge and corner detection in images. The approach used here is extracting Edges of the input image using morphological operator and then sending it for Chain Encoding. We are proposing a new morphological edge detector which returns a one pixel thick m-connected binary boundary image. This is followed by our chain encoding method to detect corners on the extracted edges. The algorithm works on all types of images (i.e. binary, gray level and color images). Since the proposed methods are based on morphological operations, these are very simple, efficient and fast. Experimental results on a variety of images identified all the prominent edges and significant corners efficiently. Index Terms—Morphological operations, edge detection, corner detection, thresholding, neighborhoods etc. [1] 1.