gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Political Ideology Detection Using Recursive Neural Networks (2014)

An individual's words often reveal their political ideology. Existing automated techniques to identify ideology from text focus on bags of words or wordlists, ignoring syntax. Taking inspiration from recent work in sentiment analysis that successfully models the compositional aspect of language, we apply a recursive neural network (RNN) framework to the task of identifying the political position evinced by a sentence. To show the importance of modeling subsentential elements, we crowdsource political annotations at a phrase and sentence level. Our model outperforms existing models on our newly annotated dataset and an existing dataset.
Fine resolution double edge clipping with calibration technique for built-in at-speed delay testing (2010)

At speed Built-In Self Test (BIST) circuit can solve many test challenges generated from traditionally slower Automatic Test Equipment (ATE). In this paper, a double edge clipping technique is proposed for built-in at-speed delay testing requirements. It differs from traditional circuit delay testing techniques by changing the clock rate using external ATE. This method uses lower-speed input clock frequency, then applies internal BIST technique to adjust clock edges for circuit at-speed delay testing and speed binning. Test chips are fully validated. The fine-scale (16ps) progressive capture edge adjustment technique with high-precision (28ps) calibration circuit is effective for at-speed delay testing and performance binning.
Binding of vitronectin to opa-expressing Neisseria gonorrhoeae mediates invasion of HeLa cells (1997)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae induces local infections in the human genitourinary tract and can disseminate to other organs to cause severe disease. Blood-derived factors present in the genital mucosa have been suggested to facilitate the spread of N. gonorrhoeae in disseminated gonococcal infections. Using gentamicin invasion assays and confocal microscopy, we observed a strong stimulatory effect of fetal calf serum (FCS) on the gonococcal invasion of HeLa cells. FCS-mediated invasion was dependent on the expression of the epithelial cell invasion-associated Opa protein (plasmid-encoded Opa50 or its chromosomal homolog Opa30), while N. gonorrhoeae expressing noninvasive Opa proteins (Opa(51-60)) or no Opa protein (Opa-) was not invasive even in the presence of FCS. Incubation of N. gonorrhoeae MS11 with biotinylated FCS revealed a 78-kDa protein as the prominent protein binding to Opa50- or Opa30-expressing gonococci. This protein was recognized by antibodies against vitronectin (VN) in Western blots. Purified human or bovine VN efficiently bound to Opa50-expressing gonococci, while binding to noninvasive Opa- or Opa52-expressing gonococci was significantly lower. Binding of VN was inhibited by heparin in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that the heparin binding sites present in VN or Opa50 may play an essential role in this interaction. Based on gentamicin invasion assays and confocal microscopy studies, VN binding was associated with an increased invasion of Opa50- and Opa30-expressing gonococci into HeLa cells. The ability of VN to mediate entry into epithelial cells may constitute an important event in the pathogenesis of local as well as disseminated gonococcal infections.
Enhancing the Coverage of the Urinary Metabolome by Sheathless Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry (2011)

Sheathless capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS), using a porous tip sprayer, is proposed for the first time for highly sensitive metabolic profiling of human urine. A representative metabolite mixture and human urine were used for evaluation of the sheathless CE-MS platform. For test compounds, relative standard deviations (RSDs) for migration times and peak areas were below 2% and 12%, respectively, and an injection volume of only ∼8 nL resulted in detection limits between 11 and 120 nM. Approximately 900 molecular features were detected in human urine by sheathless CE-MS whereas about 300 molecular features were found with classical sheath-liquid CE-MS. This difference can probably be attributed to an improved ionization efficiency and increased sensitivity at low flow-rate conditions. The integration of transient-isotachophoresis (t-ITP) as an in-capillary preconcentration procedure in sheathless CE-MS further resulted in subnanomolar limits of detection for compounds of the metabolite mixture, and more than 1300 molecular features were observed in urine. Compared to the classical CE-MS approaches, the integration of t-ITP combined with the use of a sheathless interface provides up to 2 orders of magnitude sensitivity improvement. Hence, sheathless CE-MS can be used for in-depth metabolic profiling of biological samples, and we anticipate that this approach will yield unique information in the field of metabolomics.
Commercially available assays for multiplex detection of alpha human papillomaviruses (2010)

Five main groups of commercial assays for the multiplex detection of alpha human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are currently available. DNA-based screening assays, which test for the presence of 13-14 HPVs without determination of HPV type, have been the standard for HPV detection in the last decade. Assays that combine testing for 14 HPVs and HPV-16 and HPV-18 genotyping are a potential future standard for HPV detection. The clinical value of HPV genotyping assays has still not been finally determined. Recently, one of the mRNA-based assays showed equal clinical sensitivity but higher clinical specificity for CIN2+/CIN3+ in comparison with the validated DNA-based assay. In situ hybridization assays are too laborious and have insufficient clinical sensitivity to be used in routine screening. Automation, price reduction and improvement of clinical specificity are the main goals for the future development of HPV assays.
Camera Calibration for Reliable Object Manipulation in Care-Providing Robot FRIEND (2010)

In this paper the on-line calibration method of the care-providing robotic system FRIEND is discussed. The objective of the calibration concept is to maintain the coordinate transformations within the system up-to-date with respect to external influences for the purpose of reliable object grasping and manipulation. One of these influences, present during robotic operation, is the shattering phenomenon introduced in the design of the robotic platform, that is in the interconnections between the major components of the robot. In this work, a vision-based calibration method for coping with external influences is used for on-line updating of the necessary coordinate transformations. The performance of the calibration method is evaluated through experimental results. 1
2′‐Linking of Lipids and Other Functions to Uridine through 1,2,3‐Triazoles and Membrane Anchoring of the Amphiphilic Products (2010)

Abstract A straightforward synthesis of 2′‐functionalized uridines was developed based on a Cu‐catalyzed cycloaddition of 2′‐azido‐2′‐deoxyuridine and functionalized alkynes. The functions comprise biochemically important groups such as lipids, a fluorescent marker (Cy5 analogue), pentaacetylglucose, lysine and biotin, and are linked to the 2′‐position of uridine by a 1,2,3‐triazole ring. A number of NMR spectroscopic investigations revealed that the lipidated 2′‐triazolyl‐2′‐deoxyuridines anchor themselves in the phospholipid membranes without affecting the molecular order in the double layers; the polar moieties – uracil, ribose and triazole – are located in the lipid/water interface of the membrane.
Intracavity frequency doubling and Q switching in diode-laser-pumped Nd:YVO_4 lasers (1995)

A highly efficient and compact Nd:YVO(4) laser is proposed. In cw operation, a single-longitudinal-mode output of 95 mW and a multilongitudinal-mode output of 435 mW have been observed at 1.06 µm with a 1-W diode laser. Using a KTP crystal in the short laser cavity, a green output of 105 mW was generated. A Q-switched pulse with a peak power of 230 W and a pulse width of 8 ns was obtained with the intracavity KTP crystal, which was used as both an electro-optic Q switch and a frequency doubler.
Efficacy of dietary odd-chain saturated fatty acid pentadecanoic acid parallels broad associated health benefits in humans: could it be essential? (2020)

Dietary odd-chain saturated fatty acids (OCFAs) are present in trace levels in dairy fat and some fish and plants. Higher circulating concentrations of OCFAs, pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), are associated with lower risks of cardiometabolic diseases, and higher dietary intake of OCFAs is associated with lower mortality. Population-wide circulating OCFA levels, however, have been declining over recent years. Here, we show C15:0 as an active dietary fatty acid that attenuates inflammation, anemia, dyslipidemia, and fibrosis in vivo, potentially by binding to key metabolic regulators and repairing mitochondrial function. This is the first demonstration of C15:0's direct role in attenuating multiple comorbidities using relevant physiological mechanisms at established circulating concentrations. Pairing our findings with evidence that (1) C15:0 is not readily made endogenously, (2) lower C15:0 dietary intake and blood concentrations are associated with higher mortality and a poorer physiological state, and (3) C15:0 has demonstrated activities and efficacy that parallel associated health benefits in humans, we propose C15:0 as a potential essential fatty acid. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential impact of decades of reduced intake of OCFA-containing foods as contributors to C15:0 deficiencies and susceptibilities to chronic disease.
Compressed neighbor discovery for wireless ad hoc networks: The Rayleigh fading case (2009)

Fast and efficient neighbor discovery is crucial to the deployment of wireless ad hoc networks. Conventional random access neighbor discovery schemes assume a collision model for the medium access control layer and require each neighbor to transmit its identity repeatedly with random delay to resolve collision. This paper proposes a compressed neighbor discovery scheme which jointly detect all neighbors simultaneously by allowing them to simultaneously report their identity using structured signaling. The compressed neighbor discovery scheme consists of non-coherent (energy) detection followed by a simple, efficient algorithm based on group testing, which is easy to implement in wireless terminals. The performance of the scheme is characterized for networks of any given size, assuming that transmissions are subject to Rayleigh fading. The compressed neighbor discovery scheme is shown to achieve faster and more reliable neighbor discovery than existing random access schemes. For example, in a wireless ad hoc network of ten thousand nodes, where each nodes has on average six neighbors, the compressed neighbor discovery scheme is 40% faster.
Lead as a reducing agent in the preparation of bibenzyls and aromatic azoxy-compounds (1968)

Lead powder is a convenient reagent for the reduction of aromatic nitro-compounds to the corresponding azoxy-derivatives. Both commercial lead powder and pyrophoric lead prepared from lead acetate and sodium borohydride solutions were effective. Reaction occurs under reflux in dimethylformamide or moist ethanol. Sixteen azoxy-compounds with alkyl, aryl, methoxy-, and halogeno-substituents have been prepared by use of this reagent. The two 2,6-dimethyl-substituted nitrobenzenes examined were reduced to the corresponding anilines. Lead converted benzyl chloride into bibenzyl but none of our specimens of lead were active for the conversion of iodo-benzene into biphenyl which Meszares has effected with another type of pyrophoric lead.
Isolation and Amino Acid Composition of Human Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) (1982)

The human vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been isolated from colonic tissue. The amino acid composition and N-terminus (histidine) of the human VIP are identical to those previously reported for bovine and porcine VIP.
Improved Performance of the Silicon Anode for Li-Ion Batteries: Understanding the Surface Modification Mechanism of Fluoroethylene Carbonate as an Effective Electrolyte Additive (2015)

Silicon as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries has attracted tremendous attention due to its high theoretical capacity, and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) was used as an electrolyte additive, which significantly improved the cyclability of silicon-based electrodes in this study. The decomposition of the FEC additive was investigated by synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) giving a chemical composition depth-profile. The reduction products of FEC were found to mainly consist of LiF and −CHF–OCO2-type compounds. Moreover, FEC influenced the lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) decomposition reaction and may have suppressed further salt degradation. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed from the decomposition of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC), without the FEC additive present, covered surface voids and lead to an increase in polarization. However, in the presence of FEC, which degrades at a higher reduction potential than EC and DEC, instantaneously a conformal SEI was formed on the silicon electrode. This stable SEI layer sufficiently limited the emergence of large cracks and preserved the original surface morphology as well as suppressed the additional SEI formation from the other solvent. This study highlights the vital importance of how the chemical composition and morphology of the SEI influence battery performance.
Ultrastable Mesoporous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework-Based Fiber Composites toward Mustard Gas Detoxification (2020)

Creating crystalline porous materials with large pores is typically challenging due to undesired interpenetration, staggered stacking, or weakened framework stability. Here, we report a pore size expansion strategy by “shape-matching” intermolecular π-π stacking interactions in a series of two-dimensional (2D) hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), HOF-10x (x = 0,1,2), self-assembled from pyrene-based tectons with systematic elongation of π-conjugated molecular arms. This strategy successfully avoids interpenetration or staggered stacking and expands the pore size of HOF materials to access mesoporous HOF-102, which features a surface area of ∼2,500 m2/g and the largest pore volume (1.3 cm3/g) to date among all reported HOFs. More importantly, HOF-102 shows significantly enhanced thermal and chemical stability as evidenced by powder X-ray diffraction and N2 isotherms after treatments in challenging conditions. Such stability enables the easy fabrication of a HOF-102/fiber composite for the efficient photochemical detoxification of a mustard gas simulant.
Ridge's corner detection and correspondence (2002)

Traditionally, corners are found along step edges. In this paper we present an alternative approach-corners along ridges/troughs and local minima points. These features seem to be more reliable for tracking. A new approach for sub-pixel localization of these corners is suggested, using a local approximation of the image surface.
Why Do We Need New Gene Therapy Viral Vectors? Characteristics, Limitations and Future Perspectives of Viral Vector Transduction (2004)

The use of viruses to transduce genes of interest into mammalian cells has been extremely revolutionary, both in terms of laboratory research and for clinical purposes. This approach has allowed expression and over-expression of proteins of interest as well as the understanding of both virus life cycles and eukaryotic cell mechanisms. Beginning in the late eighties gene transduction has been applied to clinical trials but mainly restricted to cancer treatment and genetic diseases. More recently it has been proposed for the cure of infectious diseases (AIDS), vascular diseases and others (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease). Viral vectors have been progressively modified in order to increase their transduction efficiency and to reduce their toxicity, immunogenicity and inflammatory potential. In this respect, much has been done in the last few years. By adding genes belonging to other viral species to the vectors' DNA, scientists were able to re-direct their tissue-specificity or to control protein expression. More recently, in the attempt of overcoming the limitations of each viral species, so-called chimeric viral vectors have been generated by combining favourable features of two or more different viruses into one. This review summarises the main characteristics of the most common viral vectors, including their advantages, limitations and possible future applications. It also briefly discusses development and evolution of chimeric vectors, treated in more details along this entire issue. Finally, we evaluate basic safety aspects, mandatory to consider for the clinical application of viral gene transduction.
Macroscopic Wires from Fluorophore-Quencher Dyads with Long-Lived Blue Emission (2017)

We report the formation of macroscopic wires up to centimeters in length from a series of structurally flexible, covalently tethered small-molecular fluorophore-quencher dyads (FQDs, average MW = 425 Da), comprised of carbazole, melatonin, and cyanobenzoate moieties. These FQDs are nonemissive in organic solutions but become moderately to highly luminescent (Φ<sub>F</sub> = 0.037-0.39) upon formation of wires with emission maxima in the blue region (446-483 nm). The blue photoluminescence (PL) is ascribed to a combination of singlet charge transfer, localized triplet state, and possibly delayed fluorescence emissions with intrinsic luminescence lifetimes ranging from 0.228 to 21333 μs, based on luminescence, transient absorption measurements, X-ray diffraction, and calculations.
Domain Structures and High-Frequency Response of Magnetization for CoNbZr Stripe Films (1994)

The domain structures and high-frequency response of the magnetization of amorphous soft magnetic CoNbZr films were studied, using the Bitter method and scanning Kerr-effect microscopy. A Lifshitz-type domain structure, characterized by wedge-shaped domains, was observed in the films (stripe-shaped, over 100 μm wide and 1 μm thick). The change in magnetization associated with 180° domain wall movement increased with increasing frequency, reaching a maximum near 5 to 10 MHz, whereas the change in magnetization at the walls of the wedge-shaped domains or at 90° domain walls was highest near 30 MHz. The loss factors due to these magnetization changes were three to six times that due to magnetization rotation at frequencies between 20 MHz and 40 MHz. These results imply that the changes in magnetization due to the wedge-shaped domain walls and 90° domain walls exert some influence on the Q factor of thin-film inductors at high frequencies above 10 MHz.
Meet iCAM: A Next-Generation Color Appearance Model (2002)

For over 20 years, color appearance models have evolved to the point of international standardization. These models are capable of predicting the appearance of spatially-simple color stimuli under a wide variety viewing conditions and have been applied to images by treating each pixel as an independent stimulus. It has been more recently recognized that revolutionary advances in color appearance modeling would require more rigorous treatment of spatial (and perhaps temporal) appearance phenomena. In addition, color appearance models are often more complex than warranted by the available visual data and limitations in the accuracy and precision of practical viewing conditions. Lastly, issues of color difference measurement are typically treated separate from color appearance. Thus, the stage has been set for a new generation of color appearance models. This paper presents one such model called iCAM, for image color appearance model. The objectives in formulating iCAM were to simultaneously provide traditional color appearance capabilities, spatial vision attributes, and color difference metrics, in a model simple enough for practical applications. The framework and initial implementation of the model are presented along with examples that illustrate its performance for chromatic adaptation, appearance scales, color difference, crispening, spreading, high-dynamic-range tone mapping, and image quality measurement. It is expected that the implementation of this model framework will be refined in the coming years as new data become available.
Clinical medical research under guidance of public welfare (2010)

In this paper the causes of deficiency of public welfare were analyzed in medical research,and some strategies were proposed to enhance the public welfare of public health care services according to the cardinal principles of new healthcare reform package in 2009.These were benefit to maintain the public welfare of public medical and health care services,and to reach the goal of medical research served as the clinic and the patients.

Key words: 
Public welfare nature; Clinical medical research; Health system reform
Saponification of Methyl-Substituted α-Butyrolactones (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSaponification of Methyl-Substituted α-ButyrolactonesOWEN H. WHEELER and DONALD S. GAMBLECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 9, 3221–3223Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01067a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01067a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts