gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of glenohumeral elevation on subacromial supraspinatus compression risk during simulated reaching (2017)

Mechanical subacromial rotator cuff compression is one theoretical mechanism in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff disease. However, the relationship between shoulder kinematics and mechanical subacromial rotator cuff compression across the range of humeral elevation motion is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of humeral elevation on subacromial compression risk of the supraspinatus during a simulated functional reaching task. Three-dimensional anatomical models were reconstructed from shoulder magnetic resonance images acquired from 20 subjects (10 asymptomatic, 10 symptomatic). Standardized glenohumeral kinematics from a simulated reaching task were imposed on the anatomic models and analyzed at 0, 30, 60, and 90° humerothoracic elevation. Five magnitudes of humeral retroversion were also imposed on the models at each angle of humerothoracic elevation to investigate the impact of retroversion on subacromial proximities. The minimum distance between the coracoacromial arch and supraspinatus tendon and footprint were quantified. When contact occurred, the magnitude of the intersecting volume between the supraspinatus tendon and coracoacromial arch was also quantified. The smallest minimum distance from the coracoacromial arch to the supraspinatus footprint occurred between 30 and 90°, while the smallest minimum distance to the supraspinatus tendon occurred between 0 and 60°. The magnitude of humeral retroversion did not significantly affect minimum distance to the supraspinatus tendon except at 60 or 90° humerothoracic elevation. The results of this study provide support for mechanical rotator cuff compression as a potential mechanism for the development of rotator cuff disease. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2329-2337, 2017.
Immunologic and molecular characterization of <i>Amb p</i> V allergens from <i>Ambrosia psilostachya</i> (western Ragweed) pollen. (1994)

We have purified and characterized the Amb p V allergen (A1 variant) from western ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya) pollen. This allergen was found to be highly cross-reactive with the Amb a VA1 allergen from short ragweed (A. artemisiifolia) pollen in a competitive double-Ab radioimmunoassay (DARIA) and the two allergens showed concordant allergenic potency in histamine-release experiments. We cloned and sequenced several Amb p V genes from western ragweed pollen and flowers by direct PCR of genomic DNA. The amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences indicated the presence of multiple forms of Amb p V that could be broadly classified into two groups: Amb p VA and Amb p VB variants. The sequences of the Amb p VA variants are highly homologous to Amb a V (about 90% identity) and very similar to the protein sequence that we obtained. The Amb p VB variants share approximately 65% amino acid homology with Amb a V and have five to seven cysteine residues as compared with the eight found in Amb a V and Amb t V. Two cysteine residues that form disulfide bonds in other Amb Vs (positions 19 and 43 in Amb a V) are replaced by serine and alanine in the Amb p VB1 and Amb p VB2 variants. We have generated model structures of Amb p VA1, VA2, VA3, and VB1 variants from the nuclear magnetic resonance-derived structure of Amb a VA1 by homology modeling. Comparison of antigenic epitopes predicted for the structures of Amb p V variants and Amb a VA1 explains the observed cross-reactivity of the two ragweed proteins and suggests the epitopes likely to be involved in Ab recognition.
Molecular contrast on phase-contrast microscope (2019)

An optical microscope enables image-based findings and diagnosis on microscopic targets, which is indispensable in many scientific, industrial and medical settings. A standard benchtop microscope platform, equipped with e.g., bright-field and phase-contrast modes, is of importance and convenience for various users because the wide-field and label-free properties allow for morphological imaging without the need for specific sample preparation. However, these microscopes never have capability of acquiring molecular contrast in a label-free manner. Here, we develop a simple add-on optical unit, comprising of an amplitude-modulated mid-infrared semiconductor laser, that is attached to a standard microscope platform to deliver the additional molecular contrast of the specimen on top of its conventional microscopic image, based on the principle of photothermal effect. We attach this unit, termed molecular-contrast unit, to a standard phase-contrast microscope, and demonstrate high-speed label-free molecular-contrast phase-contrast imaging of silica-polystyrene microbeads mixture and molecular-vibrational spectroscopic imaging of HeLa cells. Our simple molecular-contrast unit can empower existing standard microscopes and deliver a convenient accessibility to the molecular world.
Efficacy and safety of rituximab in pemphigus: experience of the German Registry of Autoimmune Diseases (2012)

Data collected in this systematic registry indicate that rituximab is an effective and relatively safe adjuvant treatment option for refractory pemphigus. To further extend our knowledge on efficacy and safety of this drug, controlled prospective trials are required.
Detection of non-flat ground surfaces using V-Disparity images (2009)

Ground plane detection plays an important role in stereo vision based obstacle detection methods. Recently, V-disparity image has been widely used for ground plane detection. The existing approach based on V-disparity image can detect flat ground successfully but have difficulty in detecting non-flat ground. In this paper, we discuss the representation of non-flat ground in V-disparity image, based on which we propose a method to detect non-flat ground using V-disparity image.
Martensitic Phase Transformation of Isolated HfO<sub>2</sub>, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, and Hf<sub><i>x</i></sub>Zr<sub>1 – </sub><sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>2</sub> (0 < <i>x</i> < 1) Nanocrystals (2005)

Abstract We previously reported that, during the reactions to make nanocrystals of HfO 2 and Hf‐rich Hf x Zr 1 – x O 2 , a tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic phase transformation occurs that is accompanied by a shape change of the particles (faceted spherical to nanorods) when the temperature at which the reaction is conducted is changed from 340 to 400 °C. We now conclude that this concomitant phase and shape change is a result of the martensitic transformation of isolated nanocrystals in a hot liquid, where twinning plays a crucial role in accommodating the shape‐change‐induced strain. That such change was not observed during the reactions forming ZrO 2 and Zr‐rich Hf x Zr 1 – x O 2 nanocrystals is attributed to the higher driving force needed in those instances compared to that needed for producing HfO 2 and Hf‐rich Hf x Zr 1 – x O 2 nanocrystals. We also report here the post‐synthesis, heat‐induced phase transformation of Hf x Zr 1 – x O 2 (0 < x < 1) nanocrystals. As temperature increases, all the tetragonal nanocrystals transform to the monoclinic phase accompanied by an increase in particle size (as evidenced by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy), which confirms that there is a critical size for the phase transformation to occur. When the monoclinic nanorods are heated above a certain temperature the grains grow considerably; under certain conditions a small amount of tetragonal phase appears.
Rapid, Regioconvergent, Solvent-Free Alkene Hydrosilylation with a Cobalt Catalyst (2015)

Alkene hydrosilylation is typically performed with Pt catalysts, but inexpensive base-metal catalysts would be preferred. We report a Co catalyst for anti-Markovnikov alkene hydrosilylation that can be used without added solvent at low temperatures with low loadings, and can be generated in situ from an air-stable precursor that is simple to synthesize from low-cost, commercially available materials. In addition, a mixture of Co catalysts performs a tandem catalytic alkene isomerization/hydrosilylation reaction that converts multiple isomers of hexene to the same terminal product. This regioconvergent reaction uses isomerization as a benefit rather than a hindrance.
Quality improvement of plasma-beam-deposited amorphous hydrogenated carbon with higher growth rate (1996)

An improved plasma beam deposition set-up, based on an expanding thermal plasma, is presented. Amorphous hydrogenated carbon films have been deposited on glass and crystalline silicon, under variation of the arc current and admixed acetylene flow. The films have been analysed ex situ with infrared absorption spectroscopy, broadband visible light transmission and nano-indentation measurements. These techniques reveal the growth rate, refractive index, bonded C - H density, optical bandgap and hardness. The growth rate and refractive index are found to increase with decreasing arc current and increasing acetylene flow admixture. The quality of the films in terms of refractive index and hardness increases with increasing growth rate and inverse energy coefficient, whereas the bonded hydrogen concentration and optical bandgap then decrease. From comparison of the growth rate dependency with the inverse energy coefficient dependency, we conclude that the growth rate is the preferred parameter in terms of which to describe the film properties because it is directly related to the plasma composition.
Instruction based memory distance analysis and its application to optimization (2005)

Feedback-directed optimization has become an increasingly important tool in designing and building optimizing compilers as it provides a means to analyze complex program behavior that is not possible using traditional static analysis. Feedback-directed optimization offers the compiler opportunities to analyze and optimize the memory behavior of programs even when traditional array-based analysis is not applicable. As a result, both floating point and integer programs can benefit from memory hierarchy optimization. In this paper, we examine the notion of memory distance as it is applied to the instruction space of a program and to feedback-directed optimization. Memory distance is defined as a dynamic quantifiable distance in terms of memory references between two accesses to the same memory location. We use memory distance to predict the miss rates of instructions in a program. Using the miss rates, we then identify the program's critical instructions - the set of high miss instructions whose cumulative misses account for 95% of the L2 cache misses in the program - in both integer and floating-point programs. Our experiments show that memory-distance analysis can effectively identify critical instructions in both integer and floating-point programs. Additionally, we apply memory-distance analysis to memory disambiguation in out-of-order issue processors using those distances to determine when a load may be speculated ahead of a preceding store. Our experiments show that memory-distance-based disambiguation on average achieves within 5-10% of the performance gain of the store set technique which requires a hardware table.
Phase-conjugated subcarrier coding for fibre nonlinearity mitigation in CO-OFDM transmission (2014)

We demonstrate a novel subcarrier coding scheme combined with pre-EDC for fibre nonlinearity mitigation in CO-OFDM, showing that a performance improvement of 1.5 dB can be achieved in a 150 Gb/s BPSK PDM CO-OFDM transmission.
Analysis of Outgassing from EUV Resists (2007)

Outgassing evaluations of polyhydroxystyrene (PHS) based chemically amplified EUV positive photoresist was performed. As a result, the strong dependencies of outgassing increase to various process conditions such as pre-bake temperature and time, resist film thickness and pre-exposure retarding time in vacuum were understood. Of these process conditions, the most significant process factor was known to be the variation of pre-bake temperature. It was concluded that the main cause of such variations were the effect of residual solvent in the photoresist film. From a re-analysis of the mass spectrum, outgassing components released during EUV exposure have been observed and classified into two general types of release trends; fast and slow reaction rate components. Fast reaction rate components were assumed to have originated from photoresist photo-acid generator (PAG) (48amu and 64amu). On the other hand, slow reaction rate components assumed to be mostly CxHy, have been speculated to originate from the decomposition of the photoresist protecting group after reaction with the released photoacids of PAG. Based on these results, the further analysis of photoresist outgassing release mechanisms upon EUV exposure was made possible.
Magnetic printing technology-application to HDD (2003)

As the recording density of hard disk drives is being rapidly increased, the current servo track writing method using a conventional servo track writer has become more costly and technically difficult. In order to solve the problem, the authors propose a new magnetic contact duplication technology using a lithographically patterned master disk and discuss the printing process reliability for practical implementation to the product drives, in particular, from the viewpoint of master-slave contact issues. The air channel structure provided on the master disk surface allows close surface contact between the master and the slave disks, yielding very small amplitude modulation of the printed signal. The master disk was found durable over 1 million printing shots without giving any serious damage to the lithographically patterned ferromagnetic film. Moreover, organic and inorganic contamination tests show that the contact printing operation does not increase contamination on the printed disks. The magnetic printing technique can also be successfully applied to perpendicular recording media using the same master disk as for longitudinal media.
Gene Pathways Associated With Prognosis and Chemotherapy Sensitivity in Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer (2010)

Different biological processes were associated with prognosis and chemotherapy response in ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancers.
Astigmatism in Ridge-Stripe InGaAlP Laser Diodes (1989)

Astigmatism in transverse-mode-stabilized InGaAlP laser diodes with a ridge-stripe structure depends strongly on the laser structure, especially on the active layer thickness which influences the noise characteristics. The astigmatism dependences of index-guided lasers and gain-guided lasers on the active layer thickness exhibit opposite behavior. Both the index-guiding effect and gain-guiding effect are found to appear, depending on the dimensions of the ridge-stripe structure.
Planning Smart Meal in a Smart City for a Smart Living (2013)

The quality of services and products is the main indicator of smart city. Last few years it has been showing a rapid development and much fashionable achievements with high technology because the smart city implementation can be expressed as a sign of development or sustainability of country but except the quality of society which has been established by smart city concept. The developing countries are also having a problem of achieving the smart city concept encompasses high technology with complex concepts. Due to paucity of literature, the ultimate goal of this paper is to innervate effective concept for achieve a Smart City. Furthermore using sophisticated information processing system to analyze their citizen's plan for arrange relevant services and products smart city is very convenient way to achieve quality life through smart city concept for any country. As an initial step, this paper explains way of smart planning for Smart Meal and arrangement of related services to succeed the approach. To increase the accuracy and efficiency of our approach we use results of a questionnaire. Furthermore as an initial step this paper propose a structure of information processing system to getting smart meal for quality life in smart city.
New insights into the dynamic regulation of water and acid-base balance by renal epithelial cells (2012)

Maintaining tight control over body fluid and acid-base homeostasis is essential for human health and is a major function of the kidney. The collecting duct is a mosaic of two cell populations that are highly specialized to perform these two distinct processes. The antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (VP) and its receptor, the V2R, play a central role in regulating the urinary concentrating mechanism by stimulating accumulation of the aquaporin 2 (AQP2) water channel in the apical membrane of collecting duct principal cells. This increases epithelial water permeability and allows osmotic water reabsorption to occur. An understanding of the basic cell biology/physiology of AQP2 regulation and trafficking has informed the development of new potential treatments for diseases such as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, in which the VP/V2R/AQP2 signaling axis is defective. Tubule acidification due to the activation of intercalated cells is also critical to organ function, and defects lead to several pathological conditions in humans. Therefore, it is important to understand how these "professional" proton-secreting cells respond to environmental and cellular cues. Using epididymal proton-secreting cells as a model system, we identified the soluble adenylate cyclase (sAC) as a sensor that detects luminal bicarbonate and activates the vacuolar proton-pumping ATPase (V-ATPase) via cAMP to regulate tubular pH. Renal intercalated cells also express sAC and respond to cAMP by increasing proton secretion, supporting the hypothesis that sAC could function as a luminal sensor in renal tubules to regulate acid-base balance. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of these fundamental processes.
Metastable states in a microscopic model of traffic flow (1997)

It is a well known fact that metastable states of very high throughput and hysteresis effects exist in traffic flow, which the simple cellular automaton model of traffic flow and its continuous generalization fail to reproduce. It is shown that the model can be generalized to give a one-parametric family of models, a part of which reproduces the metastable states and the hysteresis. The models that have that property and those that do not that are separated by a transition that can be clearly identified.
Preclinical comparison of intravenous melphalan pharmacokinetics administered in formulations containing either (SBE)<sub>7 m</sub>‐<i>β</i>‐cyclodextrin or a co‐solvent system (2010)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin ((SBE)(7 m)-β-CD; Captisol(®)) on the in vivo pharmacokinetics of melphalan in rats. Melphalan is a chemically unstable antineoplastic drug which in the current commercial formulation (Alkeran(®) for Injection) has some limitations with regard to solubility, stability and biocompatibility. Melphalan formulations containing (SBE)(7 m)-β-CD have previously been evaluated in vitro and shown to significantly reduce the rate of degradation and to simplify the reconstitution procedure for lyophilised melphalan. In this study, melphalan was administered intravenously in rats in formulations that either contain (SBE)(7 m)-β-CD or a co-solvent system (i.e. the commercial formulation). Pharmacokinetic parameters, including half-life, volume of distribution, clearance and extent of renal elimination of melphalan were essentially unchanged between the two formulations. These findings indicate that the pharmacokinetics of melphalan are not altered in the presence of (SBE)(7 m)-β-CD consistent with a rapid shift in the equilibrium to the fully dissociated drug from the fraction associated with the cyclodextrin host molecule upon intravenous administration.
A Wearable Haptic Game Controller (2016)

This paper outlines the development of a wearable game controller incorporating vibrotacticle haptic feedback that provides a low cost, versatile and intuitive interface for controlling digital games. The device differs from many traditional haptic feedback implementation in that it combines vibrotactile based haptic feedback with gesture based input, thus becoming a two way conduit between the user and the virtual environment. The device is intended to challenge what is considered an "interface" and draws on work in the area of Actor-Network theory to purposefully blur the boundary between man and machine. This allows for a more immersive experience, so rather than making the user feel like they are controlling an aircraft the intuitive interface allows the user to become the aircraft that is controlled by the movements of the user's hand. This device invites playful action and thrill. It bridges new territory on portable and low cost solutions for haptic controllers in a gaming context.
Reactive Oxygen Species in the Tumor Microenvironment: An Overview (2019)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules in cancer. The level of ROS will determine physiological effects. While high levels of ROS can cause damage to tissues and cell death, low levels of ROS can have a proliferative effect. ROS are produced by tumor cells but also cellular components that make up the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which ROS can affect the TME with particular emphasis on tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. Greater insight into ROS biology in this setting may allow for therapeutic manipulation of ROS levels in order to remodel the tumor microenvironment and increase anti-tumor activity.
Topography-Based Surface Tension Gradients to Facilitate Water Droplet Movement on Laser-Etched Copper Substrates (2013)

This paper describes a method for creating a topography-based gradient on a metallic surface to help mitigate problems associated with condensate retention. The gradient was designed to promote water droplet migration toward a specified region on the surface which would serve as the primary conduit for drainage using only the roughness of the surface to facilitate the movement of the droplets. In this work, parallel microchannels having a fixed land width but variable spacing were etched into copper substrates to create a surface tension gradient along the surface of the copper. The surfaces were fabricated using a 355 nm Nd:YVO4 laser system and then characterized using spray testing techniques and water droplet (2-10 μL) injection via microsyringe. The distances that individual droplets traveled on the gradient surface were also measured using a goniometer and CCD camera and were found to be between 0.5 and 1.5 mm for surfaces in a horizontal orientation. Droplet movement was spontaneous and did not require the use of chemical coatings. The theoretical design and construction of surface tension gradients were also explored in this work by calculating the minimum gradient needed for droplet movement on a horizontal surface using Wenzel's model of wetting. The results of this study suggest that microstructural patterning could be used to help reduce condensate retention on metallic fins such as those used in heat exchangers in heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) applications.
The Heterogeneity of ER Ca2+ Stores Has a Key Role in Nonmuscle Cell Signaling and Function (1998)

The heterogeneity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is well established in cell biology. To a large extent, however, the differences among ER domains (such as the nuclear envelope and the rough- and smooth-surfaced cisternae) are believed to reflect their different involvement in the synthesis,