gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial patterns of progressive brain volume loss after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (2017)

Traumatic brain injury leads to significant loss of brain volume, which continues into the chronic stage. This can be sensitively measured using volumetric analysis of MRI. Here we: (i) investigated longitudinal patterns of brain atrophy; (ii) tested whether atrophy is greatest in sulcal cortical regions; and (iii) showed how atrophy could be used to power intervention trials aimed at slowing neurodegeneration. In 61 patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (mean age = 41.55 years ± 12.77) and 32 healthy controls (mean age = 34.22 years ± 10.29), cross-sectional and longitudinal (1-year follow-up) brain structure was assessed using voxel-based morphometry on T1-weighted scans. Longitudinal brain volume changes were characterized using a novel neuroimaging analysis pipeline that generates a Jacobian determinant metric, reflecting spatial warping between baseline and follow-up scans. Jacobian determinant values were summarized regionally and compared with clinical and neuropsychological measures. Patients with traumatic brain injury showed lower grey and white matter volume in multiple brain regions compared to controls at baseline. Atrophy over 1 year was pronounced following traumatic brain injury. Patients with traumatic brain injury lost a mean (± standard deviation) of 1.55% ± 2.19 of grey matter volume per year, 1.49% ± 2.20 of white matter volume or 1.51% ± 1.60 of whole brain volume. Healthy controls lost 0.55% ± 1.13 of grey matter volume and gained 0.26% ± 1.11 of white matter volume; equating to a 0.22% ± 0.83 reduction in whole brain volume. Atrophy was greatest in white matter, where the majority (84%) of regions were affected. This effect was independent of and substantially greater than that of ageing. Increased atrophy was also seen in cortical sulci compared to gyri. There was no relationship between atrophy and time since injury or age at baseline. Atrophy rates were related to memory performance at the end of the follow-up period, as well as to changes in memory performance, prior to multiple comparison correction. In conclusion, traumatic brain injury results in progressive loss of brain tissue volume, which continues for many years post-injury. Atrophy is most prominent in the white matter, but is also more pronounced in cortical sulci compared to gyri. These findings suggest the Jacobian determinant provides a method of quantifying brain atrophy following a traumatic brain injury and is informative in determining the long-term neurodegenerative effects after injury. Power calculations indicate that Jacobian determinant images are an efficient surrogate marker in clinical trials of neuroprotective therapeutics.
A Mild and Efficient Dehydrogenation Method for 3-Carboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-b-carbolines (1998)

A new mild and efficient method for the dehydrogenation of 3carboxytetrahydro-R-carbolines using trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) I triethylamine (TEA) has been developed.
Development of the Face Robot SAYA for Rich Facial Expressions (2006)

The purpose of this study is to develop an interactive communication system that communicates with human beings emotionally. Since the face and its expressions are the most important role for natural communication, we have been developing a face robot that can express facial expressions similar to human beings. In this study, we show a new type face robot SAYA. All McKibben pneumatic actuators are distributed to the surface of the face like a human muscle in order to improve the structure of the face robot and facial muscle movement (Action unit) for natural facial expressions. Since the bending manner of coil spring might be similar to human cervical vertebra, we developed the new head motion mechanism by using coil spring for realizing human like head motion. In this paper, we describe the structure of face robot SAYA and the way of constructing new neck mechanism. We have confirmed that SAYA has ability to express fine facial expressions
The Epidemiology of the Comorbidity of Epilepsy in the General Population (2004)

The prevalence ratio of many common psychiatric and somatic conditions is increased in adults with epilepsy who consult a primary care physician in the U.K. These findings may have implications in the diagnosis and management of epilepsy and coexisting conditions, as well as in health care provision.
The ovine jugular vein as a model for interventional radiology procedures (2008)

The ovine jugular vein as a model for interventional radiology proceduresBackground. Detailed knowledge of the ovine jugular vein anatomy and physiology is a prerequisite for proper use of sheep as teaching or an experimental model in interventional radiology.Material and methods. Ascending and descending jugular venograms in tilted position were done in 25 sheep to evaluate the jugular vein (JV) size and anatomy of its valves.Results. The average maximal diameter of 50 JVs was 13.34 ± 1.18 mm. Each vein contained an average of 4.36 ± 0.98 valves. All valves were competent and 96.3% were bicuspid.Conclusions. Because of similarities between ovine JV and human femoral vein in regards to diameters, number and type of valves and function of their valves with increased central and hydrostatic pressure, the ovine JV is a good model for evaluation of creation of JV valve incompetence, percutaneous valve transplantation and evaluation of prosthetic valve devices.
Crystalline Anodic Oxide Growth on Aluminum Foil in an Aqueous Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Anodization Electrolyte (1985)

The parameters affecting the growth of small crystallites within the anodic oxide film formed on aluminum during anodization in an 85°C aqueous ammonium dihydrogen phosphate electrolyte have been investigated. The degree of crystallinity of the anodic oxide was observed to increase with decreasing anodization current density and increasing voltage. The more crystalline films had a higher capacitance, were thinner, and contained less phosphorus than largely amorphous films anodized to the same voltage. A short thermal treatment of the aluminum foil at 600°C produced tiny platelets of , which acted as effective nucleation sites for the growth of crystalline anodic oxide. Nucleation of crystalline anodic oxide also occurred on electropolished foil; however, the deposition of a thin amorphous oxide film on the electropolished aluminum prevented crystal growth during subsequent anodization. The crystalline anodic oxide has the crystal structure and shows a strong preferred orientation related to the orientation of the aluminum substrate. A much smaller number of crystal growth sites was observed in the anodic oxide grown on (100) aluminum grains than in the oxide grown on any other substrate orientation.
Characterization of surface-breaking defects in metals with the use of laser-generated ultrasound (1986)

Abstract The interaction of ultrasound with surface-breaking slots has been used to characterize the slots, with laser generation of ultrasound providing the short-duration Rayleigh pulses used as the probe. Defect depth has been measured in the range 0.3-5.0 mm. Analysis has shown that surface echoes reflected from the defect have two major components. The first arises from direct reflection of a Rayleigh pulse from the top of the defect, whereas the second arises from a shear pulse originating from the bottom of the defect which mode-converts to a Rayleigh pulse on reaching the metal’s surface at the critical angle. This interpretation offers a diagnostic technique for measuring defect depths.
Possibilities for upgrading wood containing papers by coating with a metered size press : there's a potential for new grades to be created (1996)

L'utilisation de barres rotatives lisses et de rouleaux de soutien a revetement mou sur une presse encolleuse avec tete d'application permet l'application de sauces de couchage a teneur en solides elevee sur un papier relativement leger et contenant peu de bois, avec peu de problemes d'abrasion et de cassures. Le papier couche qui en resulte a des proprietes nettement ameliorees par rapport a celles du papier non couche. La qualite de ce papier couche se rapproche de la qualite propre aux grades traditionnels. La fabrication de nouveaux papiers couches a base de pâte mecanique qui se situent entre le papier leger couche et le papier supercalandre offre des possibilites commerciales importantes.
Crops gone wild: evolution of weeds and invasives from domesticated ancestors (2010)

The evolution of problematic plants, both weeds and invasives, is a topic of increasing interest. Plants that have evolved from domesticated ancestors have certain advantages for study. Because of their economic importance, domesticated plants are generally well-characterized and readily available for ecogenetic comparison with their wild descendants. Thus, the evolutionary history of crop descendants has the potential to be reconstructed in some detail. Furthermore, growing crop progenitors with their problematic descendants in a common environment allows for the identification of significant evolutionary differences that correlate with weediness or invasiveness. We sought well-established examples of invasives and weeds for which genetic and/or ethnobotanical evidence has confirmed their evolution from domesticates. We found surprisingly few cases, only 13. We examine our list for generalizations and then some selected cases to reveal how plant pests have evolved from domesticates. Despite their potential utility, crop descendants remain underexploited for evolutionary study. Promising evolutionary research opportunities for these systems are abundant and worthy of pursuit.
Lower and Middle Devonian Trilobites from Southern Uzbekistan (2011)

Thirty-one trilobite species belonging to the families Harpetidae, Scutelluidae, Proetidae, Tropidocoryphidae, Aulacopleuridae, Scharyiidae, Cheiruridae, Encrinuridae, Calymenidae, Lichidae and Odontopleuridae are documented from the Lower and Middle Devonian of the Uzbek part of south Tien-Shan (north Nuratau, Turkestan and Zerafshan ranges). New genera are the tropidocoryphids Metaxaphorus and Aidynsaia and the scutelluid Yolkinella, and new species are Scutellum meiorum, Yolkinella yolkini, Cornuproetus kimi and Scharyia kitabica. Many taxa from the Zerafshan Range are shared with Bohemia, the Carnic Alps and Morocco, whilst those from the north Nuratau and Turkestan ranges have more in common with those from the Altai-Sayan region of south-west Siberia.
A sol–gel matrix to preserve the viability of encapsulated bacteria (2003)

E. coli bacteria were encapsulated within silica gels and aged at room temperature in the absence of nutrients. Their viability was studied as a function of time using different viability tests. The plate count technique gives the number of culturable bacteria that remain able to form colonies in the presence of a culture medium. Their metabolic activity toward glycolysis was followed by 14C titration and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Several sol–gel matrices were tested in order to improve the viability of the trapped bacteria. The best results were obtained when encapsulation is performed in the presence of glycerol showing that almost 50% of the bacteria were still able to form metabolites after one month of ageing. Moreover, this study demonstrates that a wide range of viability tests can be adapted for use with cells encapsulated in mineral matrices.
Fundamental interfacial properties of alkyl-branched sulfate and ethoxy sulfate surfactants derived from Guerbet alcohols. 1. Surface and instantaneous interfacial tensions (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFundamental interfacial properties of alkyl-branched sulfate and ethoxy sulfate surfactants derived from Guerbet alcohols. 1. Surface and instantaneous interfacial tensionsRamesh Varadaraj, Jan Bock, Paul Valint Jr., Stephen Zushma, and Robert ThomasCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 4, 1671–1676Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100157a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j100157a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views905Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Stacked microstrip antenna with wide bandwidth and high gain (1996)

A stacked microstrip antenna with two parasitic elements, one of which increases the impedance bandwidth and the other which enhances the gain, has been investigated experimentally. The effects of each parasitic element have been clarified as well as the characteristics of the stacked three-element antenna and the design procedure for the stacked microstrip antenna have been described.
The Significance of MRSA and VRE in Chronic Wounds (2002)

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) are important nosocomial bacteria which are highly resistant to antibiotics and readily transmitted patient to patient. They are significant in chronic wounds in terms of causing infection, especially MRSA, and by constituting an infection control risk. It is important to distinguish colonisation from infection of chronic wounds, as infection requires specific treatment whereas colonisation does not. If signs of infection (increased purulence, pain, swelling, redness, warmth) are present, local measures to control infection should be instituted and, if these fail, antibiotics should be used. Local measures are more important with these bacteria as the drugs to treat them are not readily available or have to be given parenterally. In terms of infection control, handwashing before and after patient contact is the most important measure. Cleaning of the environment is also important.
Nonlinear Optics in Relativistic Plasmas and Laser Wake Field Acceleration of Electrons (1996)

When a terawatt-peak-power laser beam is focused into a gas jet, an electron plasma wave, driven by forward Raman scattering, is observed to accelerate a naturally collimated beam of electrons to relativistic energies (up to 10(9) total electrons, with an energy distribution maximizing at 2 megaelectron volts, a transverse emittance as low as 1 millimeter-milliradian, and a field gradient of up to 2 gigaelectron volts per centimeter). Electron acceleration and the appearance of high-frequency modulations in the transmitted light spectrum were both found to have sharp thresholds in laser power and plasma density. A hole in the center of the electron beam may indicate that plasma electrons were expelled radially.
Single-Ion Solvation Free Energies and the Normal Hydrogen Electrode Potential in Methanol, Acetonitrile, and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (2006)

The division of thermodynamic solvation free energies of electrolytes into contributions from individual ionic constituents is conventionally accomplished by using the single-ion solvation free energy of one reference ion, conventionally the proton, to set the single-ion scales. Thus, the determination of the free energy of solvation of the proton in various solvents is a fundamental issue of central importance in solution chemistry. In the present article, relative solvation free energies of ions and ion-solvent clusters in methanol, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) have been determined using a combination of experimental and theoretical gas-phase free energies of formation, solution-phase reduction potentials and acid dissociation constants, and gas-phase clustering free energies. Applying the cluster pair approximation to differences between these relative solvation free energies leads to values of -263.5, -260.2, and -273.3 kcal/mol for the absolute solvation free energy of the proton in methanol, acetonitrile, and DMSO, respectively. The final absolute proton solvation free energies are used to assign absolute values for the normal hydrogen electrode potential and the solvation free energies of other single ions in the solvents mentioned above.
Organocatalytic Direct Michael Reaction of Ketones and Aldehydes with β-Nitrostyrene in Brine  [<i>J. Am. Chem. Soc.</i> <b>2006</b>, <i>128</i>, 4966−4967]. (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionOrganocatalytic Direct Michael Reaction of Ketones and Aldehydes with β-Nitrostyrene in Brine [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2006, 128, 4966−4967].Nobuyuki Mase, Kaori Watanabe, Hidemi Yoda, Kunihiko Takabe, Fujie Tanaka, and Carlos F. BarbasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 51, 17153Publication Date (Web):December 6, 2006Publication History Published online6 December 2006Published inissue 1 December 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja069980zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja069980zcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1027Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (23 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Labor Costs Incurred by Anesthesiology Groups Because of Operating Rooms Not Being Allocated and Cases Not Being Scheduled to Maximize Operating Room Efficiency (2003)

We describe a new application for a previously reported statistical method to calculate operating room (OR) allocations to maximize OR efficiency. When optimal OR allocations and case scheduling are not implemented, the resulting increase in labor costs can be used in negotiations as a statistically sound estimate for the increased labor cost to the anesthesiology department.
RASH: RAdon soft hash algorithm (2002)

In this paper, we present a high compression and collision resistant algorithm for images either suitable to extract an indexing pattern of the image and to detect deformations applied to original image. Some transforms are extracting characteristics invariant against geometrical deformations (rotation and scalling). Among them, the Radon transform, largely used in magnetic resonance imaging, is also robust against image processing basic attacks (like compression, filtering, blurring, etc…) and strong attacks (Stirmark). This transformation allows to caracterize easily features of geometrical transforms. It permits also an easy extraction of an indexing vector of the image.
20 years of life and more: where is the end of life of a PV module? (2005)

All commercial manufacturers of photovoltaic modules define the expected lifetime of their products through guarantees of peak power rating of the module after 10 to 25 years of operation. These estimations are based on accelerated lifetime testing such as the IEC61215 and limited field experience. As the first installed systems and arrays are reaching 20 years plus lifetime we can now for the first time begin to associate the levels of accelerated testing of type approval with actual field behaviour. The paper presents some key behaviour of several different silicon technologies, dating back to 1982. The basis of the analysis is the JRC ESTI outdoor test field where examples of diverse generations of PV technology have been exposed to long-term outdoor exposure. The effect of performance degradation on the lifetime is explored in order to quantify the impact of degradation on performance. Results indicate that current module technologies may far exceed the nominal 20 years lifetime assumed in all financial calculations.
A Stereoselective Synthesis of cis-4-Acetonyl-1-benzyl-3-ethylpiperidine (1987)

Synthese a partir de benzyl-1 ethyl-3 piperidone-4 et de diethoxyphosphoryl acetate d'ethyle
The composition of attachment networks throughout the adult years (2004)

Abstract This study assessed the structure of adults' attachment networks, using a questionnaire measure of preferred attachment figures with a large sample of adults ( N = 812) representing various ages and life situations. Two broad research questions were addressed. The first question concerned the variety of attachment figures reported by adults and the relative strength of attachment to each, including preferred (primary) attachment figures. The second question concerned the effects of normative life events on attachment networks and the nature of primary attachment figures in different life situations. Overall, the results supported the preeminent role of attachment relationships with romantic partners. However, relationships with mothers, fathers, siblings, children, and friends also met the strict criteria used to define full‐blown attachments; further, each of these targets constituted the primary attachment figure for some participants. The structure of the attachment network was related to variables such as age, relationship status, and parental status, attesting to the important role of normative life events. The results have theoretical and applied significance and are related to principles of attachment, caregiving, and socioemotional selectivity.
Role-driven Business Process Models (2006)

The responsibility and capacity of participants are given more attention in role-driven process models, which consist of roles and their relationships. In this paper, role-driven process modelling is firstly reviewed. Then role identification is discussed in the role-driven process models and a concurrent logical programming language ConGolog is used as a role-driven formal process model. Based on agent design platform JADE, role-driven process running is also simulated with an example illustrated.