gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isomerization Reaction of Olefin Using RuClH(CO)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (2000)

When methyl 5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy-2-pentenoate was refluxed in toluene in the presence of RuClH(CO)(PPh(3))(3) (5 mol %), double-bond migration took place to afford methyl 5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy-4-pentenoate in high yield. This means that the double bond conjugated with the ester moiety migrates to a deconjugated position by a ruthenium catalyst. We planned to prepare an enol ether from alpha,beta-unsaturated compounds having an ether moiety in a tether using ruthenium-catalyzed isomerization of the double bond. As a result, silyl or benzyl enol ether was obtained from the alpha,beta-unsaturated ester having alcohol protected by the silyl or benzyl group in a tether in high yield. In this reaction, double bond migration of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone and alpha,beta-unsaturated amide took place to produce deconjugated compounds. Moreover, the double bond of alpha, beta-unsaturated ester having a triple or double bond in a molecule migrated to produce conjugated enyne and diene. On the other hand, treatment of a bis-metalated compound having an alpha, beta-unsaturated ester moiety or the double bond in a tether with RuClH(CO)(PPh(3))(3) gave allyl bis-metalated compound in good yield. These compounds are useful units in synthetic organic chemistry.
Task Runtime Prediction in Scientific Workflows Using an Online Incremental Learning Approach (2018)

Many algorithms in workflow scheduling and resource provisioning rely on the performance estimation of tasks to produce a scheduling plan. A profiler that is capable of modeling the execution of tasks and predicting their runtime accurately, therefore, becomes an essential part of any Workflow Management System (WMS). With the emergence of multi-tenant Workflow as a Service (WaaS) platforms that use clouds for deploying scientific workflows, task runtime prediction becomes more challenging because it requires the processing of a significant amount of data in a near real-time scenario while dealing with the performance variability of cloud resources. Hence, relying on methods such as profiling tasks' execution data using basic statistical description (e.g., mean, standard deviation) or batch offline regression techniques to estimate the runtime may not be suitable for such environments. In this paper, we propose an online incremental learning approach to predict the runtime of tasks in scientific workflows in clouds. To improve the performance of the predictions, we harness fine-grained resources monitoring data in the form of time-series records of CPU utilization, memory usage, and I/O activities that are reflecting the unique characteristics of a task's execution. We compare our solution to a state-of-the-art approach that exploits the resources monitoring data based on regression machine learning technique. From our experiments, the proposed strategy improves the performance, in terms of the error, up to 29.89%, compared to the state-of-the-art solutions.
Agent-based modeling to simulate road travel using Big Data from smartphone GPS: An application to the continental United States (2019)

Growing concerns about urban sustainability, economic and public health vitality, and climate change are common features across the world. Transportation is often inextricably linked to these concerns and this necessitates the development of robust and scalable tools that can assist in timely understanding of the agent-system interactions. Such expedient but accurate analyses are critical for policymaking, especially in the current environment where urban mobility is witnessing a rapid transformation. To support such analyses, we demonstrate a novel methodology that implements a top-down large-scale agent-based simulation of urban travel using Global Positioning System (GPS) derived raw sightings. Specifically, we constructed the daily activity and travel patterns of devices (i.e. agents) using GPS data for a single day (Wednesday, March 6, 2019) for the entire continental United States. Data filtering techniques were applied to identify approximately 2.7 million smart devices (out of a daily total of 30.5 million) that were highly visible and mobile. We sourced roadway network data for the entire North America from Open Street Maps (OSM). We then fed the daily activity and travel records of agents along with the roadway network data into MATSim, an agent-based travel simulator, to produce highly spatiotemporally resolved agent activities along with their estimated travel trajectories. We processed these travel trajectories (1.5 billion records) to estimate vehicle miles traveled (VMT) for each U.S. state and modeled vehicle volumes per roadway link in the continental U.S. Overall, we found strong rank correlations between our results and Federal Highway Administration’s VMT estimates, although absolute measures displayed a higher variability. We observed similar trends (i.e. low rank correlation errors but higher absolute errors) at the disaggregate roadway link level when comparing our extrapolated traffic volumes against roadway count station data from a select state (Florida). Finally, root mean squared error of our roadway volume estimates are comparatively similar to those for Florida’s regionwide travel demand models indicating a satisfactory model performance. The proposed methodology in our study demonstrates that such big data-powered large-scale agent-based simulations may provide value in estimating and predicting travel demand.
Chemokines as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Atherosclerosis (2006)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality around the globe. It is characterized by chronic inflammation of the vessel wall, which is perpetuated by the continuous migration of cells to and within the atherosclerotic lesion. Chemokines (CK) and chemokine receptors (CKR) together with other chemoattractants and adhesion molecules are major mediators facilitating this process. Many CK/CKR (CC, CX3C and CXC) and other chemoattractants (e.g. leukotrienes) have been implicated in atherogenesis, but only a few have been validated as pathogenic by in vitro assays, in vivo experiments using gene-targeted animal models and genetic studies. Promising attempts are currently made to inhibit CK-dependent cell recruitment to lesion by using neutralizing antibodies, mutant proteins, viral and synthetic inhibitors or receptor antagonists. Some of the therapeutics have already entered clinical trials for other conditions and are about to be tested in human atherosclerosis. However, our limited understanding of the complex CK system and the functional specialization of individual CK/CKR, translatability of animal research into human population, limitations of current imaging techniques and surrogate markers for evaluation of the benefits of potential anti-CK compounds are still hampering therapeutic exploitation of the CK system in atherosclerosis. Hopefully we will be able to solve many of these issues in the near future and use this approach to control atherosclerotic disease in man.
Vigabatrin as Initial Therapy for Infantile Spasms: A European Retrospective Survey (1996)

This study supports the opinion that VGB may be considered an initial treatment for IS regardless of cause.
Forced aggregation of defined numbers of human embryonic stem cells into embryoid bodies fosters robust, reproducible hematopoietic differentiation (2005)

To realize the therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), it is necessary to regulate their differentiation in a uniform and reproducible manner. We have developed a method in which known numbers of hESCs in serum-free medium were aggregated by centrifugation to foster the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) of uniform size (spin EBs). These spin EBs differentiated efficiently and synchronously, as evidenced by the sequential expression of molecular markers representing stem cells, primitive streak, and mesoderm. In the presence of hematopoietic growth factors, reproducible differentiation was achieved with blood cells formed in more than 90% of EBs. Using chimeric EBs generated from mixtures of green fluorescence protein-positive (GFP(+)) and GFP(-) hESCs in a clonogenic assay, hematopoietic precursor frequency was estimated to be approximately 1:500 input cells. This method of EB formation provides a generally applicable means for modulating and objectively monitoring the directed differentiation of hESCs.
Proinsulin as a Marker for the Development of NIDDM in Japanese-American Men (1995)

Disproportionate hyperproinsulinemia is one manifestation of the B-cell dysfunction observed in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), but it is unclear when this abnormality develops and whether it predicts the development of NIDDM. At baseline, measurements of proinsulin (PI) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels were made in 87 second-generation Japanese-American men, a population at high risk for the subsequent development of NIDDM, and, by using World Health Organization criteria, subjects were categorized as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 49) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 38). After a 5-year follow-up period, they were recategorized as NGT, IGT, or NIDDM using the same criteria. After 5 years, 16 subjects had developed NIDDM, while 71 had NGT or IGT. Individuals who developed NIDDM were more obese at baseline, measured as intra-abdominal fat (IAF) area on computed tomography (P = 0.046) but did not differ in age from those who continued to have NGT or IGT. At baseline, subjects who subsequently developed NIDDM had higher fasting glucose (P = 0.0042), 2-h glucose (P = 0.0002), fasting C-peptide (P = 0.0011), and fasting PI levels (P = 0.0033) and disproportionate hyperproinsulinemia (P = 0.056) than those who continued to have NGT or IGT after 5 years of follow-up. NIDDM incidence was positively correlated with the absolute fasting PI level (relative odds = 2.35; P = 0.0025), even after adjustment for fasting IRI, IAF, and body mass index (relative odds = 2.17; P = 0.013).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coumarin-Based Inhibitors of Bacillus anthracis and Staphylococcus aureus Replicative DNA Helicase: Chemical Optimization, Biological Evaluation, and Antibacterial Activities (2012)

The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant bacterial infections demands the development of new antibacterials that are not subject to existing mechanisms of resistance. Previously, we described coumarin-based inhibitors of an underexploited bacterial target, namely the replicative helicase. Here we report the synthesis and evaluation of optimized coumarin-based inhibitors with 9-18-fold increased potency against Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) and Bacillus anthracis (Ba) helicases. Compounds 20 and 22 provided the best potency, with IC(50) values of 3 and 1 μM, respectively, against the DNA duplex strand-unwinding activities of both B. anthracis and S. aureus helicases without affecting the single strand DNA-stimulated ATPase activity. Selectivity index (SI = CC(50)/MIC) values against S. aureus and B. anthracis for compound 20 were 33 and 66 and for compound 22 were 20 and 40, respectively. In addition, compounds 20 and 22 demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against multiple ciprofloxacin-resistant MRSA strains, with MIC values ranging between 0.5 and 4.2 μg/mL.
Characterization of the common antigenic lipopolysaccharide O-chains produced by<i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i>and<i>Bordetella parapertussis</i> (1992)

Representative strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis were found to produce smooth lipopolysaccharides (LPS) having identical antigenic O-polysaccharide components composed of linear unbranched polymers of 1,4-linked 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-α-l-galacto-pyranosyluronic acid residues. These LPSs differed from the LPS of B. pertussis which produces only rough-type LPS, devoid of O-polysaccharide. While B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis had chemically and immunologically identical O-polyssacharide structures, their core oligosaccharide components differed. The core oligosaccharide of B. parapertussis was chemically distinct from the core of B. bronchiseptica which appeared to be structurally and immunologically similar to a core oligosaccharide of B. pertussis.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of NbC and TaC from Gel‐Derived Precursors. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Improved Regional Correlation Algorithm for Signature Verification Which Permits Small Speed Changes Between Handwriting Segments (1983)

If two nearly coincident accelerometers on a pen axis measure orthogonal acceleration components perpendicular to this axis, then the regional correlation algorithm for signature verification divides these data into plausible segments, it compares each segment with a corresponding reference, and it combines the results into a global similarity index. The presently used intersegment distance permits certain natural data transformations: (1) translating a segment by small integer multiples of the sampling interval; (2) moving the pen with uniformly larger amplitude throughout a segment; and (3) rotating the pen about its axis between any two segments. We propose a new intersegment distance which permits further natural transformations: (4) translating a segment by a fraction of the sampling interval; and (5) writing at slightly different uniform speed within each segment. The new distance, like the old one, is the minimum of a certain function. We describe an algorithm which computes this minimum.
Binding of Steroids to Steroid-Specific Antibodies<sup>*</sup> (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding of Steroids to Steroid-Specific Antibodies*Paula E. Zimmering, Seymour Lieberman, and Bernard F. ErlangerCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 1, 154–164Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00853a026https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00853a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hypervirulent<i>emm</i>59 Clone in Invasive Group A<i>Streptococcus</i>Outbreak, Southwestern United States (2016)

The hyper-virulent emm59 genotype of invasive group A Streptococcus was identified in northern Arizona in 2015. Eighteen isolates belonging to a genomic cluster grouped most closely with recently identified isolates in New Mexico. The continued transmission of emm59 in the southwestern United States poses a public health concern.
A Method for Ovarian Follicle Encapsulation and Culture in a Proteolytically Degradable 3 Dimensional System (2011)

The ovarian follicle is the functional unit of the ovary that secretes sex hormones and supports oocyte maturation. In vitro follicle techniques provide a tool to model follicle development in order to investigate basic biology, and are further being developed as a technique to preserve fertility in the clinic. Our in vitro culture system employs hydrogels in order to mimic the native ovarian environment by maintaining the 3D follicular architecture, cell-cell interactions and paracrine signaling that direct follicle development. Previously, follicles were successfully cultured in alginate, an inert algae-derived polysaccharide that undergoes gelation with calcium ions. Alginate hydrogels formed at a concentration of 0.25% w/v were the most permissive for follicle culture, and retained the highest developmental competence. Alginate hydrogels are not degradable, thus an increase in the follicle diameter results in a compressive force on the follicle that can impact follicle growth. We subsequently developed a culture system based on a fibrin-alginate interpenetrating network (FA-IPN), in which a mixture of fibrin and alginate are gelled simultaneously. This combination provides a dynamic mechanical environment because both components contribute to matrix rigidity initially; however, proteases secreted by the growing follicle degrade fibrin in the matrix leaving only alginate to provide support. With the IPN, the alginate content can be reduced below 0.25%, which is not possible with alginate alone. Thus, as the follicle expands, it will experience a reduced compressive force due to the reduced solids content. Herein, we describe an encapsulation method and an in vitro culture system for ovarian follicles within a FA-IPN. The dynamic mechanical environment mimics the natural ovarian environment in which small follicles reside in a rigid cortex and move to a more permissive medulla as they increase in size. The degradable component may be particularly critical for clinical translation in order to support the greater than 10(6)-fold increase in volume that human follicles normally undergo in vivo .
Cloning and characterization of genes encoding trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS1) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPS2) from (2003)

In many organisms, trehalose protects against several environmental stresses, such as heat, desiccation, and salt, probably by stabilizing protein structures and lipid membranes. Trehalose synthesis in yeast is mediated by a complex of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS1) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPS2). In this study, genes encoding TPS1 and TPS2 were isolated from Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (designated ZrTPS1 and ZrTPS2, respectively). They were functionally identified by their complementation of the tps1 and tps2 yeast deletion mutants, which are unable to grow on glucose medium and with heat, respectively. Full-length ZrTPS1 cDNA is composed of 1476 nucleotides encoding a protein of 492 amino acids with a molecular mass of 56 kDa. ZrTPS2 cDNA consists of 2843 nucleotides with an open reading frame of 2700 bp, which encodes a polypeptide of 900 amino acids with a molecular mass of 104 kDa. The amino acid sequence encoded by ZrTPS1 has relatively high homology with TPS1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, compared with TPS2. Western blot analysis showed that the antibody against S. cerevisiae TPS1 recognizes ZrTPS1. Under normal growth conditions, ZrTPS1 and ZrTPS2 were highly and constitutively expressed, unlike S. cerevisiae TPS1 and TPS2. Salt stress and heat stress reduced the expression of the ZrTPS1 and ZrTPS2 genes, respectively.
The Aerodynamic Stabilization of Video Discs_ (1975)

This paper describes the general principles behind the aerodynamic stabilization of flexible video discs as demonstrated by the Thomson-CSF stabilizer, and a modified version investigated by Zenith. It is shown that aerodynamic stabilization is a very nonlinear process and is governed by the stiffness of the air film between the disc and the stabilizer. For the stabilizers under discussion this stiffness is inversely proportional to the cube of the gap between the disc and stabilizer, which necessitates the use of a small gap. Depending on disc thickness and hence on disc stiffness, this gap may be 2-8 mils in excess of the disc thickness. In the modified version the lower CSF stabilizer is replaced by a flight deck. It is shown that the flight deck acts as a prestabilizer which produces a two-to-three fold improvement in stability for the same air gap. Experimental data and computer calculations are organized in a form which provides definite design criteria for the selection of an optimum system.
Kalman filter based high speed measurement and control of AC voltages for UPS applications (2002)

A scheme is proposed for high speed measurement and processing of AC voltages encountered in offline uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) based on the design of a Kalman filter with an internal model of the sinusoidal waveform. The proposed scheme provides a common framework to monitor the UPS mains input supply, to sense its out-of-specification voltage and frequency conditions, and to measure the UPS inverter output voltage for its feedback control. Issues related to the accuracy of measurement with finite wordlength implementation are addressed. The superior performance of the scheme is demonstrated through a practical implementation of a high power quality UPS design used onboard ships to supply critical loads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application of silicon nanoparticles in agriculture (2019)

The beneficial effects of silicon and its role for plants are well established; however, the advantages of silicon nanoparticles over its bulk material are an area that is less explored. Silicon nanoparticles have distinctive physiological characteristics that allow them to enter plants and influence plant metabolic activities. The mesoporous nature of silicon nanoparticles also makes them good candidates as suitable nanocarriers for different molecules that may help in agriculture. Several studies have shown the importance of silicon nanoparticles in agriculture, but an overview of the related aspects was missing. Therefore, this review brings together the literature on silicon nanoparticles and discusses the impact of silicon nanoparticles on several aspects of agricultural sciences. The review also discusses the future application of silicon nanoparticles in plant growth, plant development, and improvement of plant productivity.
SystemC Based System on Chip Design (2005)

In this paper a SystemC based design methodology for System on Chip is presented. By adopting SystemC, the language barrier between system level design and hardware design can be eliminated. Our methodology supports the efficient mapping of SystemC functional descriptions directly into hardware and software and improves the design efficiency of integrate circuit(IC) in the SOC Era extremely.
DNA-mediated transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardi cells: use of aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase as a selectable marker. (1985)

Using a modified vector, we developed a method for DNA-mediated transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardi with increased efficiency. The vector contained the yeast 2 microns origin of replication as a heterologous replicon. The aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (APH) gene linked to the simian virus 40 early promoter was used as an antibiotic selectable marker. The C. reinhardi transformants were resistant to 12 micrograms of G418 or 150 micrograms of kanamycin per ml. A quick-blot mRNA analysis demonstrated the presence of RNase-sensitive transcripts from the APH gene in the transformants, suggesting that the acquisition of antibiotic resistance was due to the expression of the APH gene. Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of free plasmid DNA in the transformant. The transforming vector was recovered by transforming recipient bacteria with the total DNA extracted from the C. reinhardi transformant.