gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propane‐1,2‐diols from Dilactides, Oligolactides, or Poly‐<scp>L</scp>‐lactic Acid (PLLA): From Plastic Waste to Chiral Bulk Chemicals (2014)

The preparation of racemic or enantioenriched propane-1,2-diol from dilactides, oligolactides, or poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is described. The transformation is carried out as tandem reactions in MeOH, covering hydrolysis and subsequent hydrogenation by using copper chromite as a catalyst. The starting material present undesired side products of the PLLA synthesis or PLLA waste.
Thalidomide for treatment of patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (2000)

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, thalidomide or placebo together with glucocorticoids and either cyclosporine or tacrolimus was administered as initial therapy for clinical extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). All patients had thrombocytopenia or cGVHD that evolved directly from acute GVHD as an indicator of a poor prognosis. The study drug (thalidomide or placebo) was administered initially at a dose of 200 mg orally per day, followed by a gradual increase to 800 mg/d if side effects were tolerable. Treatment with the study drug was discontinued before resolution of cGVHD in 23 (92%) of the 25 patients who received thalidomide and in 17 (65%) of the 26 patients who received placebo (P =.02). Neutropenia and neurologic symptoms were the most frequent reasons for early discontinuation of treatment with thalidomide. The duration of treatment with thalidomide was too short to assess its efficacy in controlling cGVHD. (Blood. 2000;96:3995-3996)
Development of the US PSORIQoL: a psoriasis‐specific measure of quality of life (2005)

The US PSORIQoL is a practical, reliable and valid instrument for measuring the impact of psoriasis and its treatment on QoL in clinical trials and in routine practice. It remains necessary to establish the instrument's responsiveness to changes in QoL associated with effective interventions.
Correction: Corrigendum: Profiling RNA editing in human tissues: towards the inosinome Atlas (2016)

Scientific Reports 5: Article number: 14941; published online: 09 October 2015; updated: 08 February 2016. The original version of this Article contained typographical errors in the inosinome database link ‘ http://srv00.recas.ba.infn.it/editing’ which was incorrectly given as ‘ http://srv00.ibbe.cnr.
A Comparison of Pulse-Oximetry, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), and Gas Sensors for In-Cockpit Hypoxia Detection (2012)

Abstract : In response to the increase in reported in-cockpit hypoxia-related physiological events and mishaps, investigators at the Naval Medical Research Unit-Dayton (NAMRU-D) recently completed an experiment designed to compare the speed of finger pulse oximetry, forehead-mounted NIRS sensors, and gas sensors to detect hypoxic events. Although each technology represents a marked improvement over current hypoxia detection methods, each also comes with its own set of advantages and disadvantages in terms of the ability to distinguish between the three most common types of in-cockpit hypoxia, stagnant (Gz forces), hypoxic (low pressure/lack of oxygen), and histotoxic (inhalation of harmful toxicants). Because no validated off-the-shelf technology currently exists for detecting hypoxia in-cockpit, all systems will require in-lab testing and modifications before integration as part of an in-cockpit hypoxia detection system. This report summarizes the merits and deficiencies of several technologies for in-cockpit hypoxia monitoring and presents data comparing the speed at which they are capable of detecting a hypoxic event.
Biased mutagenesis in the N-terminal region by degenerate oligonucleotide gene shuffling enhances secretory expression of barley α-amylase 2 in yeast (2005)

Recombinant barley alpha-amylase 1 (rAMY1) and 2 (rAMY2), despite 80% sequence identity, are produced in very different amounts of 1.1 and <0.05 mg/l, respectively, by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain S150-2B. The low yield of AMY2 practically excludes mutational analysis of structure-function relationships and protein engineering. Since different secretion levels of AMY1/AMY2 chimeras were previously ascribed to the N-terminal sequence, AMY1 residues were combinatorially introduced at the 10 non-conserved positions in His14-Gln49 of AMY2 using degenerate oligonucleotide gene shuffling (DOGS) coupled with homologous recombination in S.cerevisiae strain INVSc1. Activity screening of a partial library of 843 clones selected six having a large halo size on starch plates. Three mutants, F21M/Q44H, A42P/A47S and A42P rAMY2, also gave higher activity than wild-type in liquid culture. Only A42P showed wild-type stability and enzymatic properties. The replacement is located to a beta-->alpha loop 2 that interacts with domain B (beta-->alpha loop 3) protruding from the catalytic (beta/alpha)(8)-barrel. Most remarkably Pichia pastoris strain GS115 secreted 60 mg/l A42P compared with 3 mg/l of wild-type rAMY2. The crystal structure of A42P rAMY2 was solved and found to differ marginally from the AMY2 structure, suggesting that the high A42P yield stems from stabilization of the mature and/or intermediate form owing to the introduced proline residue. Moreover, the G to C substitution for the A42P mutation might have a positive impact on protein translation.
Polymer Therapeutics with a Coiled Coil Motif Targeted against Murine BCL1 Leukemia (2013)

The specificity of polymer conjugates based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) bearing cytostatic drugs for cancer cells could be significantly increased by the incorporation of a suitable targeting ligand, such as a monoclonal antibody (mAb). However, direct binding of the protein to the polymer carrier could cause considerable problems, such as decreasing the binding capacity of mAb to its target. Here, we introduce a novel strategy of joining a targeting moiety to a polymeric conjugate with cytostatic drug. The scFv of B1 mAb (specific for BCL1 leukemia cells) was tagged with peptide K ((VAALKEK)4). Peptide E ((VAALEKE)4), which forms a stable coiled coil structure heterodimer with peptide K, was assembled with the HPMA copolymers bearing doxorubicin. Such targeted polymeric conjugates possess very selective and high binding activity toward BCL1 cells. Similarly, targeted polymeric conjugates exert approximately 100 times higher cytostatic activity toward BCL1 cells in comparison to nontargeted conjugates in vitro. At the same time, the conjugates have comparable and rather low cytostatic activity for 38C13 cells, which are used as a negative control, in vitro.
Effects of Ageing on the Motor Unit: A Brief Review (1993)

This review briefly summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding age related changes in skeletal muscle, followed by a more in-depth review of ageing effects on animal and human motor units (MUs). Ageing in humans is generally associated with reductions in muscle mass (atrophy), leading to reduced voluntary and electrically evoked contractile strength by the 7th decade for most muscle groups studied. As well, contraction and one-half relaxation times are typically prolonged in muscles of the elderly. Evidence from animal and human studies points toward age associated MU loss as the primary mechanism for muscle atrophy, and such losses may be greatest among the largest and fastest MUs. However, based on studies in animals and humans, it appears that at least some of the surviving MUs are able to partially compensate for MU losses, as indicated by an increase in the average MU size with age. The fact that muscles in the elderly have fewer, but on average larger and slower, MUs has important implications for motor control and function in this population.
Selection of eLECTRIC mOTOR dRIVES for electric vehicles (2008)

In this study, six kinds of the drivetrain systems of electric motor drives for EVs are discussed. Furthermore, the requirements of EVs on electric motor drives are presented. The comparative investigation on the efficiency, weight, cost, cooling, maximum speed, and fault-tolerance, safety, and reliability is carried out for switched reluctance motor, induction motor, permanent magnet blushless DC motor, and brushed DC motor drives, in order to find most appropriate electric motor drives for electric vehicle applications. The study shows that switched reluctance motor drives are the prior choice for electric vehicles.
Collagen-Coated Cellulose Sponge: Three-Dimensional Matrix for Tissue Culture of Walker Tumor 256 (1967)

Three-dimensional growth of large populations of cells in vitro has been observed in the interstices of a matrix consisting of collagen-coated cellu lose sponge. The growth of Walker tumor 256 in this composite matrix is com pared with that found in a matrix composed of either cellulose sponge alone or collagen sponge alone. The composite matrix is superior to either one. Collagen coated cellulose sponge may provide a simple tool for the study of social interaction of cells in the formation of organized elementary tissue structures.
Deep Contextual Attention for Human-Object Interaction Detection (2019)

Human-object interaction detection is an important and relatively new class of visual relationship detection tasks, essential for deeper scene understanding. Most existing approaches decompose the problem into object localization and interaction recognition. Despite showing progress, these approaches only rely on the appearances of humans and objects and overlook the available context information, crucial for capturing subtle interactions between them. We propose a contextual attention framework for human-object interaction detection. Our approach leverages context by learning contextually-aware appearance features for human and object instances. The proposed attention module then adaptively selects relevant instance-centric context information to highlight image regions likely to contain human-object interactions. Experiments are performed on three benchmarks: V-COCO, HICO-DET and HCVRD. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art on all datasets. On the V-COCO dataset, our method achieves a relative gain of 4.4% in terms of role mean average precision ($mAP_{role}$), compared to the existing best approach.
Red cell membrane protein distribution during malarial invasion (1989)

Immuno-gold labelling electron microscopy of thin sections was used to determine the distribution of red cell membrane and membrane skeleton proteins in the vicinity of internalized malaria parasites. When examined immediately after invasion (young ring-stage parasites), the parasitophorous vacuole membranes of both Plasmodium falciparum and P. knowlesi were found to be characterized by the essentially complete absence of spectrin, ankyrin and the most abundant transmembrane protein, band 3. P. knowlesi merozoites were trapped in the attached but not internalized state by pretreatment with cytochalasin B. In this merozoite-red cell complex antibody labelling showed that band 3 had been eliminated from the region of the host cell membrane in contact with the parasite. Internal vesicles, originating apparently from the site of attachment, were often observed in the red cell. Opposite the attached parasite a cavity was also sometimes seen in the host cell, presumably representing an incipient internal vesicle. The membrane was intact, as judged by the absence of protein (haemoglobin) in the cavity, and, like the membranes surrounding the internal vesicles, was devoid of membrane proteins. A large multilamellar body was sometimes seen in the merozoite close to its point of attachment. The lamellar spacing was about 50 nm. The electron microscope images suggest a diffusion of electron-dense material from the lamellar body into the cavity in the host cell.
Structure of Adenovirus Type 21 Knob in Complex with CD46 Reveals Key Differences in Receptor Contacts among Species B Adenoviruses (2010)

The complement regulation protein CD46 is the primary attachment receptor for most species B adenoviruses (Ads). However, significant variability exists in sequence and structure among species B Ads in the CD46-binding regions, correlating with differences in affinity. Here, we report a structure-function analysis of the interaction of the species B Ad21 knob with the two N-terminal repeats SCR1 and SCR2 of CD46, CD46-D2. We have determined the structures of the Ad21 knob in its unliganded form as well as in complex with CD46-D2, and we compare the interactions with those observed for the Ad11 knob-CD46-D2 complex. Surface plasmon resonance measurements demonstrate that the affinity of Ad21 knobs for CD46-D2 is 22-fold lower than that of the Ad11 knob. The superposition of the Ad21 and Ad11 knob structures in complex with CD46-D2 reveals a substantially different binding mode, providing an explanation for the weaker binding affinity of the Ad21 knob for its receptor. A critical difference in both complex structures is that a key interaction point, the DG loop, protrudes more in the Ad21 knob than in the Ad11 knob. Therefore, the protruding DG loop does not allow CD46-D2 to approach the core of the Ad21 knob as closely as in the Ad11 knob-CD46-D2 complex. In addition, the engagement of CD46-D2 induces a conformational change in the DG loop in the Ad21 knob but not in the Ad11 knob. Our results contribute to a more profound understanding of the CD46-binding mechanism of species B Ads and have relevance for the design of more efficient gene delivery vectors.
金市的牛熊对决——强牛对恶熊：谁才是金市霸主？ (2013)

自4月12日，黄金价格出现下跌，3．个多月以来，黄金价格遭遇了十多年来最大的危机。牛市仍未改变说？熊市已经来临说？金价正在筑底说？各方言论纷争不休；一轮轮的反弹，一轮轮的下跌，不断冲击着业者的心理底线。毕竟牛市无顶，熊市无底，熊市、牛市的争论决定着无数人的命运。
Half-sync/half-async: an architectural pattern for efficient and well-structured concurrent I/O (1996)

This paper describes the Half-Sync/Half-Async pattern, which integrates synchronous and asynchronous I/O models to support both programming simplicity and execution efficiency in complex concurrent software systems. In this pattern, higher-level tasks use a synchronous I/O model, which simplifies concurrent programming. In contrast, lower-level tasks use an asynchronous I/O model, which enhances execution efficiency. This pattern is widely used in operating systems such as UNIX, Mach, WindowsNT, and VMS, as well as other complex concurrent systems. 1 Intent The Half-Sync/Half-Async pattern decouples synchronous I/O from asynchronous I/O in a system to simplify concurrent programming effort without degrading execution efficiency. 2 Motivation To illustrate the Half-Sync/Half-Async pattern, consider the software architecture of the BSD UNIX [1] networking subsystem shown in Figure 1. The BSD UNIX kernel coordinates I/O between asynchronous communication devices (such as network adapter...
Design of a multi-fingered, passive adaptive grasp prosthetic hand, better function and cosmesis (1999)

auteur qui protge cette thse.Ni la thse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci ne doivent tre imprims ou autrement reproduits sans son autorisation.
Semiconductor power losses in AC inverters (2002)

The AC induction motor is the workhorse of modern industry. Worldwide about 50 million motors are installed every year which are greater than 1/2 hp. Three-phase induction motors are very simple and inexpensive to build. An AC motor may be used for variable speed applications with the addition of an AC inverter. An accurate model of semiconductor power losses is necessary to design a reliable invertor system using a minimum amount of silicon. Equations for the average and RMS transistor and diode currents are derived based on a quantitative analysis of the current waveforms. Conduction losses in the semiconductor devices are then approximated using a piecewise linear approximation of the device's on-voltage characteristics. Measurements of switching energy versus current are used to obtain a curve of losses versus current. Integration of these losses over a full sine wave period is used to obtain a closed form expression for switching losses as a function of sine wave current. Total losses, conduction losses and switching losses are compared to thermal measurements. The model is further tested by comparing predicted and actual losses at different PWM frequencies.
An alphavirus-based therapeutic cancer vaccine: from design to clinical trial (2018)

Cancer immunotherapy has greatly advanced in recent years. Most immunotherapeutic strategies are based on the use of immune checkpoint blockade to unleash antitumor immune responses or on the induction or adoptive transfer of immune effector cells. We aim to develop therapeutic vaccines based on recombinant Semliki Forest virus vectors to induce tumor-specific effector immune cells. In this review, we describe our ongoing work on SFV-based vaccines targeted against human papillomavirus- and hepatitis C virus-related infections and malignancies, focusing on design, delivery, combination strategies, preclinical efficacy and product development for a first-in-man clinical trial with an HPV-specific vaccine.
Compact Digital Receiver Development for Radar Based Remote Sensing (2008)

This paper is the first of a series of publications that discusses the design and implementation of an inexpensive, nearly all-digital FPGA-based radar receiver which can be used in a variety of applications including single/dual-polarization weather radar, sidelobe cancellation, a subarray module for a digital beam-forming phased-array radar, and other applications where a compact, low-power, low-cost receiver is needed. The design of the receiver includes a minimal analog RF front-end followed by an analog-to-digital converter utilizing a bandpass sampling technique which allows the FPGA to produce baseband in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signals without the use of multipliers or look-up tables. The primary difference between the efforts of others and the efforts here is the use of single or multiple frequency channels in the receiver. The efforts of others have had applications in multi-channel military radars and in software defined radios that receive a variety of information. Here, only one frequency channel is needed for environmental observations, which provides a unique impetus to facilitate low-cost, low-power designs by leveraging software defined radio techniques.
Acid and Barriers: Current Research and Future Developments for Peptic Ulcer Therapy (1990)

Medical therapy for peptic ulcer disease has been targeted at inhibiting acid secretion based on the belief that ulcers occur due to an imbalance between aggressive and protective factors. New antisecretory agents are unlikely to show any dramatic improvement over the success and safety of histamine H2 receptor antagonists or the recently introduced H+K+ATPase proton pump antagonist omeprazole. The development of specific muscarinic M3 and gastrin receptor antagonists will provide useful agents to suppress acid and pepsinogen secretion by alternative means and may prevent the associated hypergastrinaemia seen with anti-secretory therapy. Enhancement of mucosal defence by site protective agents will be based on a better understanding of the vascular and immune factors involved in maintaining mucosal integrity and the growth factors that regulate wound healing. Molecular techniques are likely to produce the 'model anti-ulcer' agent which will effectively inhibit acid secretion and also enhance wound healing thus providing a cure for this chronic disease.
Two-dimensional measurement of birefringence disperion using spectroscopic polarized light (2002)

This paper describes a method and system for two-dimensional measurement of birefringence dispersion with high-order and azimuthal direction. The system consists of a white light source, crossed polarizers and a detector carrying out the spectroscopic polarized light. A spectroscopic interferogram shows sinusoidaly in accordance with wave number change, and its period changes slightly because of dispersion of birefringence. The fast Fourier transform method is used to analyze the birefringence from the spectroscopic interferogram. One hundred and twenty-eight sets of images are used for birefringence analysis. Some results of 2-D birefringence dispersion distribution are shown for the demonstration of this method.
CD73 mediates adhesion of B cells to follicular dendritic cells (1996)

Lymphocyte-vascular adhesion protein-2 was recently identified as CD73. The CD73 molecule, otherwise known as ecto-5'-nucleotidase, is a lymphocyte maturation marker that is involved in intracellular signaling, and lymphocyte proliferation and activation. We now show that CD73, in addition to mediating lymphocyte binding to endothelial cells, also mediates adhesion between B cells and follicular dendritic cells (FDC), as a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against CD73 inhibited the aggregation of isolated germinal center B cells and FDC in vitro. Cytocentrifuge preparations of isolated germinal center cells and two-color immunofluorescence stainings of different tonsillar B-cell populations show that CD73 is expressed on FDC and on small, recirculating IgD+ B cells, but only on a few B cells inside the germinal center. Thus, we propose that CD73 on FDC has an important role in controlling B cell-FDC interactions and B-cell maturation in germinal centers.
DMcompress: Dynamic Markov models for bacterial genome compression (2016)

Genome data increasing exponentially since the last decade, compressing genome with Markov models has been proposed as an effective statistical method. However, existing methods set a static order-k Markov models to compress various genomes. Employing static order-k Markov model could result in a sub-optimal orders on some genomes. In this paper, we propose a compression method that relies on a pre-analysis of the data before compression, with the aim of estimating Markov models order k, yielding improvements over static Markov models. Experimental results on the latest complete bacterial genome data show that our method could effectively compress genome with a better performance than the state-of-the-art method. The codes of DMcompress are available at https://rongjiewang.github.io/DMcompress.
Mechanism of Oxidation of Iron Pyrite in Dynamic Air (1980)

Thermoanalytical techniques (DTA, DTG, TG), chemical and X-ray diffraction methods have been combined to study the course of oxidation of synthetic iron pyrite in a dynamic air atmosphere. Formation of ferrous sulphate by direct oxidation of pyrite was favoured upto 270°, followed by interaction of pyrite with ferrous sulphate, direct oxidation to ferric oxide and decomposition of iron sulphates. Oxidation of pyrite was greatly enhanced in presence of silica. The role of silica was studied through thermal analysis of synthetic pyrite in presence of silica and its effect on product distribution. Silica facilitated the oxidation of pyrite through adsorption of oxygen. The catalytic effect was not due to moisture or phase transition in silica.
The effect of thermal annealing on the Ni/Au contact of p-type GaN (1998)

In this study, the Ni/Au layers prepared by electron beam evaporation and thermal alloying were used to form Ohmic contacts on p-type GaN films. Before thermal alloying, the current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of Ni/Au contact on p-type GaN film shows non-Ohmic behavior. As the alloying temperature increases to 700 °C, the I–V curve shows a characteristic of Ohmic contact. The Schottky barrier height reduction may be attributed to the presence of Ga–Ni and Ga–Au compounds, such as Ga4Ni3, Ga3Ni2, GaAu, and GaAu2, at the metal-semiconductor interface. The diffusing behavior of both Ni and Au have been studied by using Auger electron spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. In addition, x-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the Ni3N and Ga4Ni3 compounds were formed at the metal-semiconductor interface.