gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Selectin Blockers. 7. Structure−Activity Relationships of Sialyl Lewis X Mimetics Based on Modified Ser-Glu Dipeptides (1998)

We have previously found that heterochiral fucodipeptides, L-Ser-D-Glu (3a) and D-Ser-L-Glu (3b), exhibited up to 20-100 times more potency than a sialyl Lewis X (sLeX, 1) and a 3'-sulfated Lewis X analogue (2) toward E-selectin binding and have also proposed, from molecular dynamics calculation, that their strong activities would depend on a possible formation of the type II and/or type II' beta-turn of compounds 3a,b (Tsukida, T.; Hiramatsu, Y.; Tsujishita, H.; Kiyoi, T.; Yoshida, M.; Kurokawa, K.; Moriyama, H.; Ohmoto, H.; Wada, Y.; Saito, T.; Kondo, H. J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 3534-3541). To clarify our hypothesis, we synthesized several analogues of compounds 3a,b and investigated their structure-activity relationships. As a result, it was indicated that the type II and/or type II' beta-turn conformation would be a comparatively tight form and would play important roles in favorable binding to E-selectin. These findings indicate that sLeX mimetics with type II and type II' beta-turn dipeptides could be a useful methodology for the design of an active selectin blocker.
A sensitive method for determination of allergenic fragrance terpene hydroperoxides using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (2013)

Different compositions of monoterpenes are utilized for their pleasant scent in cosmetics and perfumes. However, the most commonly used fragrance terpenes easily oxidize upon contact with air, forming strongly skin-sensitizing hydroperoxides. Due to their thermolability and low UV absorbance, detection methods for hydroperoxides are scarce. For the first time, a simple and sensitive method using LC/ESI-MS/MS was developed to quantitatively determine hydroperoxides from the common fragrance compounds linalool, linalyl acetate, and limonene. The method was applied to autoxidized petitgrain oil and sweet orange oil. A separation was accomplished using a C3 column. The method LOD for the investigated hydroperoxides in the essential oils was below 0.3 μg/mL, corresponding to 0.3 ppm. For prevention purposes and according to EU regulations, concentrations in cosmetics exceeding 100 ppm in "rinse-off" and 10 ppm in "stay-on" products of linalool and limonene must be labeled. However, the products may still contain allergens, such as hydroperoxides, formed by oxidative degradation of their parent terpenes. The sensitivity and selectivity of the presented LC/MS/MS method enables detection of hydroperoxides from the fragrance terpenes linalool, linalyl acetate, and limonene. However, for routine measurements, the method requires further validation.
Nuclear Membrane Proteins with Potential Disease Links Found by Subtractive Proteomics (2003)

To comprehensively identify integral membrane proteins of the nuclear envelope (NE), we prepared separately NEs and organelles known to cofractionate with them from liver. Proteins detected by multidimensional protein identification technology in the cofractionating organelles were subtracted from the NE data set. In addition to all 13 known NE integral proteins, 67 uncharacterized open reading frames with predicted membrane-spanning regions were identified. All of the eight proteins tested targeted to the NE, indicating that there are substantially more integral proteins of the NE than previously thought. Furthermore, 23 of these mapped within chromosome regions linked to a variety of dystrophies.
Acyl Group Composition of Membrane Phospholipids in Mammary Tissues and Carcinoma Induced by Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (1976)

Phospholipids and their acyl group composition in mammary adenocarcinomas and mammary tissue of the same tumor-bearing animals were investigated. Breast adenocarcinoma induced by dimethybenz(a)anthracene exhibited a phospholipid pattern which was different from that of the mammary tissue. Tumor phospholipids had higher proportions of diacyl-GPI, diacyl-GPE, and alkenylacyl-GPE and a lower proportion of diacyl-GPC than the controls. The acyl groups of most phospholipids in tumors showed a marked increase in the proportion of 18:1 and a decrease in the proportion of 18:2. The fatty acid composition of plasmalogen and triglyceride, however, remained unchanged. In spite of the decrease in the proportion of 18:2, there was no apparent difference in the proportion of 20:4 in most of the phosphoglycerides; however, a significant decrease in this fatty acid was noted in diacyl-GPI. Results of this study demonstrated that the membrane phospholipids of mammary adenocarcinoma were altered in respect to acyl group composition. Changes in physical properties of the cell membrane, in turn, could lead to abnormal manifestation of membrane regulated events in tumor cells.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of pertussis immunoglobulin A in nasopharyngeal secretions as an indicator of recent infection (1981)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for detection of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody to Bordetella pertussis (PsIgA) in nasopharyngeal secretions as an indicator of recent infection. Secretion specimens submitted for pertussis culture were examined for PsIgA by this technique. Of 348 specimens tested, B. pertussis was cultured from 57, and PsIgA was detected in 8 culture-positive and 40 culture-negative specimens. The average time between onset of symptoms and specimen collection for the culture-positive, PsIgA-negative specimens was 10 days; for the culture-positive, PsIgA-positive specimens, 15 days; and for the culture-negative, PsIgA-positive specimens, 36 days. Examination of paired samples available from several culture-proven cases demonstrated conversion from a negative PsIgA in the early sample to a positive PsIgA in the follow-up sample. Our results indicate that PsIgA is produced during natural human infection and does not arise as a result of parenteral vaccination. PsIgA usually appears in the nasopharyngeal secretions during the second or third week of illness and persists for at least 3 months. The detection of PsIgA in secretions may be a valuable diagnostic aid in culture-negative patients with pertussis.
Synergism between lymphokines and muramyl dipeptide encapsulated in liposomes: <i>in situ</i> activation of macrophages and therapy of spontaneous cancer metastases. (1984)

Murine alveolar macrophages (AM) can be rendered tumoricidal after the i.v. injection of multilamellar vesicles (MLV) containing muramyl dipeptide (MDP) at a minimum dose of approximately 0.6 micrograms or less than a 10-fold dilution of cellfree culture supernatants from mitogen-stimulated F-344 rat lymphocytes rich in macrophage-activating factor (MAF) activity. Neither MAF at dilutions exceeding 1/10 nor MDP at doses lower than approximately 0.6 micrograms activated AM in situ to become tumor cytotoxic. The combination of these agents at subthreshold amounts (MAF 1/20, MDP 0.3 microgram), however, activated AM to significant levels of cytotoxicity. The synergism between MAF and MDP encapsulated in liposomes was also observed in therapeutic studies of mice bearing well established, spontaneous lung and lymph node metastases. Multiple i.v. injections of liposomes containing either 6.25 micrograms MDP or a 1/2 dilution of MAF resulted in the long-term survival (greater than 250 days) of 30% of the treated mice. Neither liposomes containing MAF at a 1/20 dilution nor MDP at doses lower than 0.6 microgram were therapeutically effective. Multiple injections of liposomes containing subthreshold amounts (MAF 1/20; and MDP 0.3 micrograms) of these agents, however, resulted in 50% survival in the treated group. These data allow us to conclude that the encapsulation of MAF and MDP within the same MLV is more efficient in inducing the destruction of metastases than either agent administered alone.
Relative-phase ambiguities in measurements of ultrashort pulses with well-separated multiple frequency components (2003)

Ultrashort-pulse characterization techniques, such as the numerous variants of frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) and spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction, fail to fully determine the relative phases of well-separated frequency components. If well-separated frequency components are also well separated in time, the cross-correlation variants (e.g., XFROG) succeed, but only if short, well-characterized gate pulses are used.
P53 Inhibits α6β4 Integrin Survival Signaling by Promoting the Caspase 3–Dependent Cleavage of Akt/PKB (1999)

Although the interaction of matrix proteins with integrins is known to initiate signaling pathways that are essential for cell survival, a role for tumor suppressors in the regulation of these pathways has not been established. We demonstrate here that p53 can inhibit the survival function of integrins by inducing the caspase-dependent cleavage and inactivation of the serine/threonine kinase AKT/PKB. Specifically, we show that the alpha6beta4 integrin promotes the survival of p53-deficient carcinoma cells by activating AKT/PKB. In contrast, this integrin does not activate AKT/PKB in carcinoma cells that express wild-type p53 and it actually stimulates their apoptosis, in agreement with our previous findings (Bachelder, R.E., A. Marchetti, R. Falcioni, S. Soddu, and A.M. Mercurio. 1999. J. Biol. Chem. 274:20733-20737). Interestingly, we observed reduced levels of AKT/PKB protein after antibody clustering of alpha6beta4 in carcinoma cells that express wild-type p53. In contrast, alpha6beta4 clustering did not reduce the level of AKT/PKB in carcinoma cells that lack functional p53. The involvement of caspase 3 in AKT/PKB regulation was indicated by the ability of Z-DEVD-FMK, a caspase 3 inhibitor, to block the alpha6beta4-associated reduction in AKT/PKB levels in vivo, and by the ability of recombinant caspase 3 to promote the cleavage of AKT/PKB in vitro. In addition, the ability of alpha6beta4 to activate AKT/PKB could be restored in p53 wild-type carcinoma cells by inhibiting caspase 3 activity. These studies demonstrate that the p53 tumor suppressor can inhibit integrin-associated survival signaling pathways.
Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in Calabria (southern Italy). (1989)

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been investigated in a sample from Calabria (Southern Italy). Seven restriction endonucleases (HpaI, BamHI, HaeII, MspI, AvaII, HincII and PstI) have been employed on 60 mtDNAs from placentas. Two new morphs have been identified (PstI-3Cal and AvaII-24Cal) and the respective polymorphic sites have been located by double digestion. Two new types (74 and 75) have also been identified and their possible origin from other known mtDNA types has been suggested.
Prospects for an Anti-Ghrelin Vaccine to Treat Obesity (2006)

In the battle to treat the pandemic of obesity, one therapeutic strategy is to block endogenous signals that stimulate appetite and control body weight. One such molecule is ghrelin, a gut peptide that is the only known orexigenic hormone and is a likely contributor to mealtime hunger. The relative importance of ghrelin in long-term body-weight regulation (and thus its promise as an anti-obesity target) is uncertain, however, because genetic and pharmacologic blockade of ghrelin signaling have yielded variable results to date. Using a novel approach of vaccinating rats against their own ghrelin, Zorilla et al. report that animals with high ghrelin-specific antibody titers displayed restricted body weight, without evidence of non-specific inflammation following the vaccine. These results favor a meaningful role for ghrelin in energy homeostasis, hinting at a possible new anti-obesity approach. More broadly, the work of Zorilla et al. supports the feasibility of vaccinations directed against specific autologous targets--immunopharmacotherapy that could potentially be developed to target a wide array of medical conditions.
43.3: Power Efficient AMOLED Display with Novel Four Sub‐Pixel Architecture and Driving Scheme (2010)

Abstract We present a novel all‐phosphorescent AMOLED pixel architecture with a red, green, light blue and deep blue sub‐pixel design. The highly efficient light blue reduces power consumption by 33% compared to an equivalent conventional RGB display using a fluorescent blue sub‐pixel. Furthermore, by using a light and deep blue sub‐pixel layout, the lifetime of the display will be significantly increased due to the reduced on‐time required for the deep blue sub‐pixel. Here we demonstrate this new design in a 2.5‐inch AMOLED panel.
Amino acid sequence and distribution of mRNA encoding a major skeletal muscle laminin binding protein: an extracellular matrix-associated protein with an unusual COOH-terminal polyaspartate domain. (1988)

Two cDNAs encoding an abundant chicken muscle extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated laminin-binding protein (LBP) have been isolated and sequenced. The predicted primary amino acid sequence includes a probable signal peptide and a site for N-linked glycosylation, but lacks a hydrophobic segment long enough to span the membrane. The COOH terminus consists of an unusual repeat of 33 consecutive aspartate residues. Comparison with other sequences indicates that this protein is different from previously described LBPs and ECM receptors. RNA blot analysis of LBP gene expression showed that LBP mRNA was abundant in skeletal and heart muscle, but barely detectable in other tissues. Blots of chicken genomic DNA suggest that a single gene encodes this LBP. The amino acid sequence and mRNA distribution are consistent with the biochemical characterization described by Hall and co-workers (Hall, D. E., K. A. Frazer, B. C. Hahn, and L. F. Reichardt. 1988. J. Cell Biol. 107:687-697). These analyses indicate that LBP is an abundant ECM-associated muscle protein with an unusually high negative charge that interacts with both membranes and laminin, and has properties of a peripheral, not integral membrane protein. Taken together, our studies show that muscle LBP is a secreted, peripheral membrane protein with an unusual polyaspartate domain. Its laminin and membrane binding properties suggest that it may help mediate muscle cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. We propose the name "aspartactin" for this LBP.
CCL2 Protects Prostate Cancer PC3 Cells from Autophagic Death via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/AKT-dependent Survivin Up-regulation (2008)

Resistance to cell death is a hallmark of cancer. Autophagy is a survival mechanism activated in response to nutrient deprivation; however, excessive autophagy will ultimately induce cell death in a nonapoptotic manner. The present study demonstrates that CCL2 protects prostate cancer PC3 cells from autophagic death, allowing prolonged survival in serum-free conditions. Upon serum starvation, CCL2 induced survivin up-regulation in PC3, DU 145, and C4-2B prostate cancer cells. Both cell survival and survivin expression were stunted in CCL2-stimulated PC3 cells when treated either with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 (2 microm) or the Akt-specific inhibitor-X (Akti-X; 2.5 microm). Furthermore, CCL2 significantly reduced light chain 3-II (LC3-II) in serum-starved PC3; in contrast, treatment with LY294002 or Akti-X reversed the effect of CCL2 on LC3-II levels, suggesting that CCL2 signaling limits autophagy in these cells. Upon serum deprivation, the analysis of LC3 localization by immunofluorescence revealed a remarkable reduction in LC3 punctate after CCL2 stimulation. CCL2 treatment also resulted in a higher sustained mTORC1 activity as measured by an increase in phospho-p70S6 kinase (Thr389). Rapamycin, an inducer of autophagy, both down-regulated survivin and decreased PC3 cell viability in serum-deprived conditions. Treatment with CCL2, however, allowed cells to partially resist rapamycin-induced death, which correlated with survivin protein levels. In two stable transfectants expressing survivin-specific short hairpin RNA, generated from PC3, survivin protein levels controlled both cell viability and LC3 localization in response to CCL2 treatment. Altogether, these findings indicate that CCL2 protects prostate cancer PC3 cells from autophagic death via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/survivin pathway and reveal survivin as a critical molecule in this survival mechanism.
A novel 6-degree of freedom man-machine interface using MEMS sensors and computer vsion (2015)

Developing user friendly Human-Computer-Interfaces is important in many areas of computer applications. Traditional input devices such as the keyboard and mouse are designed for general purpose computers only, they are not likely to provide intuitive user experiences for multi-dimensional input entry. Therefore, we design and implement an embedded system for users to interactive with a computer in 6-degree of freedom. The system can capture the 3-D rotation and 3-D translation motions which are the basic 6-D motion parameters. In our proposed approach, the translational motion is estimated using a computer vision method by tracking the speckled pattern generated by a laser beam on a rough surface. The orientation information is estimated by measuring the gravitational and magnetic fields of the Earth. A gyroscope is included together with the use of Kalman filter to improve the dynamic responses. A prototype is built to evaluate the performance of the proposed tracking method. Experiments have been carried out which show that the approach can work with good accuracy and the whole system can be built using off-the-shelf low cost components.
In <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> , Fur Is an Interactive Regulator with PerR, Contributes to Virulence, and Is Necessary for Oxidative Stress Resistance through Positive Regulation of Catalase and Iron Homeostasis (2001)

The Staphylococcus aureus genome encodes three ferric uptake repressor (Fur) homologues: Fur, PerR, and Zur. To determine the exact role of Fur in S. aureus, we inactivated the fur gene by allelic replacement using a tetracycline resistance cassette, creating strain MJH010 (fur). The mutant had a growth defect in rich medium, and this defect was exacerbated in metal-depleted CL medium. This growth defect was partially suppressed by manganous ion, a metal ion with known antioxidant properties. This suggests that the fur mutation leads to an oxidative stress condition. Indeed, MJH010 (fur) has reduced levels of catalase activity resulting from decreased katA transcription. Using a katA-lacZ fusion we have determined that Fur functions, either directly or indirectly, as an iron-dependent positive regulator of katA expression. Transcription of katA is coregulated by Fur and PerR, since in MJH010 (fur) transcription was still repressed by manganese while transcription in MJH201 (fur perR) was unresponsive to the presence of iron or manganese. Siderophore biosynthesis was repressed by iron in 8325-4 (wild-type) but in MJH010 (fur) was constitutive. A number of putative Fur-regulated genes were identified in the incomplete genome databases using known S. aureus Fur box sequences. Of those tested, the sstABCD and sirABC operons and the fhuD2 and orf4 genes were found to have Fur-regulated expression. MJH010 (fur) was attenuated (P<0.04) in a murine skin abscess model of infection, as was double-mutant MJH201 (fur perR) (P<0.03). This demonstrates the importance in vivo of iron homeostasis and oxidative stress resistance regulation in S. aureus.
Effect of Lectins on Hormone Release from Isolated Rat Islets of Langerhans (1975)

Lectins from Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus campestris stimulate insulin and glucagon release from isolated rat islets in the presence of 2 mM glucose. In the case of insulin release, maximal stimulation was observed at lectin concentrations above 58 mug. per milliliter (approximately 1 muM).A. bisporus PHA-B-stimulated insulin release was independent of a source of metabolic energy but was abolished by deuterium oxide. The lectin did not alter islet glucose oxidation to CO2 or incorporation of [3H] leucine into trichloracetic acid-precipitable material nor did it modify rates of insulin secretion induced by 20 mM glucose. None of nine other lectins tested stimulated insulin release, whereas stimulation of fat cell glucose oxidation was a general property of the lectins. Binding of 125I-labeled A. bisporus PHA-B to islets increased with time up to one hour and after attainment of equilibrium was very slowly reversible. Binding was directly proportional to islet number and the estimated Kdiss of the binding reaction was 17 mug per milliliter. The total number of A. bisporus PHA-B binding sites per islet was approximately 2 times 10(10). Binding of A. bisporus PHA-B to the islets and A. bisporus PHA-B-stimulated insulin release were inhibited in parallel by a glycopeptide containing the oligosaccharide receptor for the lectin, suggesting that lectin binding is essential for the expression of insulin-releasing activity. It is proposed that the specific interaction between mushroom lectin and its receptors may lead to conformational changes in the structure of the membranes of the islet A2- and B-cells that facilitate exocytosis.
Ammonia evolution during oil shale pyrolysis (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmmonia evolution during oil shale pyrolysisMyongsook S. Oh, Robert W. Taylor, Thomas T. Coburn, and Richard W. CrawfordCite this: Energy Fuels 1988, 2, 1, 100–105Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00007a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00007a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fine pitch flip chip chip scale packaging (2011)

Flip chip packaging used to be the domain of micro processors and ASICs. Application processors were next to adopt flip chip packaging in high volume. Both types of packaging were based on solder interconnects, initially PbSn eutectic solder on organic substrates and then later Pb-free solders. In order to solve electro migration issues, micro processors adopted Cu pillars. Flip chip packages are now also adopting Cu pillars but primarily as a fine pitch solution because pillars can be formed as slender columns which are maintain their initial shape during assembly unlike solder. The invariant shape of the Cu pillars brings a number of other benefits such as increased, effective spacing between pillars and invariant pillar height which enable simpler substrate design and molded underfill. Those benefits result ultimately in a lower cost flip chip chip scale package. Cu pillars are stiffer than solder, especially eutectic solder, and are a concern when assembly on ELK die. Finite element modeling is very effective in identifying solution spaces which lead to reliable Cu pillar based flip chip packages. Development efforts of Cu pillars, their assembly and modeling will be described here.