gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of voltage-gated sodium channels with the extracellular matrix molecules tenascin-C and tenascin-R (1998)

The type IIA rat brain sodium channel is composed of three subunits: a large pore-forming alpha subunit and two smaller auxiliary subunits, beta1 and beta2. The beta subunits are single membrane-spanning glycoproteins with one Ig-like motif in their extracellular domains. The Ig motif of the beta2 subunit has close structural similarity to one of the six Ig motifs in the extracellular domain of the cell adhesion molecule contactin (also called F3 or F11), which binds to the extracellular matrix molecules tenascin-C and tenascin-R. We investigated the binding of the purified sodium channel and the extracellular domain of the beta2 subunit to tenascin-C and tenascin-R in vitro. Incubation of purified sodium channels on microtiter plates coated with tenascin-C revealed saturable and specific binding with an apparent Kd of approximately 15 nM. Glutathione S-transferase-tagged fusion proteins containing various segments of tenascin-C and tenascin-R were purified, digested with thrombin to remove the epitope tag, immobilized on microtiter dishes, and tested for their ability to bind purified sodium channel or the epitope-tagged extracellular domain of beta2 subunits. Both purified sodium channels and the extracellular domain of the beta2 subunit bound specifically to fibronectin type III repeats 1-2, A, B, and 6-8 of tenascin-C and fibronectin type III repeats 1-2 and 6-8 of tenascin-R but not to the epidermal growth factor-like domain or the fibrinogen-like domain of these molecules. The binding of neuronal sodium channels to extracellular matrix molecules such as tenascin-C and tenascin-R may play a crucial role in localizing sodium channels in high density at axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier or in regulating the activity of immobilized sodium channels in these locations.
Adaptive Equalization of Highly Dispersive Channels for Data Transmission (1969)

This paper analyzes an adaptive training algorithm for adjusting the tap weights of a tapped delay line filter to minimize mean-square intersymbol interference for synchronous data transmission. The significant feature of the adjustment procedure is that convergence is guaranteed for all channel response pulses, even for very severe amplitude and phase distortion. The author examines convergence, rate of convergence, and the effect of noisy observations of the received pulses, and he shows that the noisy observations result in a random sequence of tap weight settings whose mean value converges to a suboptimal setting. The mean-square deviation of the tap weights from the suboptimal values is asymptotically bounded with a bound that can be made as small as desired by sufficiently reducing the speed of convergence. The suboptimality arising here results from the use of isolated test pulses for the training signal. However, a training scheme using pseudorandom sequences or the actual data signal does not suffer from the suboptimality effect. Hence, although of possible utility in other pulse shaping applications, the technique presented here appears to be primarily of value in providing a conceptual framework for the closely related but more practical techniques to be examined in the sequel to this paper to be published shortly.
Effect on Broiler Carcasses and Water of Treating Chiller Water with Chlorine or Chlorine Dioxide (1980)

Chiller water in a commercial broiler processing plant was treated with 20 ppm chlorine (Cl2), 34 ppm Cl2, 5 ppm chlorine dioxide (ClO2), or 3 ppm ClO2. Microbiologically, water samples were significantly better when 34 ppm Cl2 or 5 ppm ClO2 rather than 20 ppm Cl2 or 3 ppm ClO2 was used. Despite differences in chill-water quality, all treatments significantly reduced bacterial counts of carcasses over those chilled in untreated water, although there was no significant difference in carcass counts among different treatment groups.
Cloning and expression of protease genes from <i>Treponema denticola</i> in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

A gene bank of random fragments of chromosomal DNA from Treponema denticola ATCC 33520 was constructed in the bacteriophage vector lambda L47.1. The gene bank was plated on Escherichia coli C600 and screened for the presence of plaques in which enzyme activity was expressed, using overlays of fluorogenic synthetic substrates and a two-step procedure in which immunological screening was followed by enzyme assays of immunopositive lysates. Recombinants expressing trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like and proline iminopeptidase activities were found. The gene for the trypsin-like activity was subcloned into plasmid pJDC9 and maintained in E. coli.
Concatenative speech synthesis by minimum distortion criteria (1992)

A scheme is proposed for concatenative speech synthesis to improve the segment selection procedure by minimizing acoustic distortion between the selected segment and the desired spectrum for the target. The spectral prototypicality of a segment, the spectral difference between the source and target contexts, the degradation resulting from concatenation of phonemes, and the acoustic continuity between the concatenated segments are all considered as measures. A search method for selecting segments from a large speech database is also described. In this method, a three-step optimization is used for distortion minimization. A perceptual test shows that contextual spectral difference and acoustic continuity at the segment boundary are important measures for improving the quality of synthesized speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Linear-time disk-based implicit graph search (2008)

Many search algorithms are limited by the amount of memory available. Magnetic disk storage is over two orders of magnitude cheaper than semiconductor memory, and individual disks can hold up to a terabyte. We augment memory with magnetic disks to perform brute-force and heuristic searches that are orders of magnitude larger than any previous such searches. The main difficulty is detecting duplicate nodes, which is normally done with a hash table. Due to long disk latencies, however, randomly accessed hash tables are infeasible on disk, and are replaced by a mechanism we call delayed duplicate detection. In contrast to previous work, we perform delayed duplicate detection without sorting, which runs in time linear in the number of nodes in practice. Using this technique, we performed the first complete breadth-first searches of the 2 x 7, 3 x 5, 4 x 4, and 2 x 8 sliding-tile Puzzles, verifying the radius of the 4 x 4 puzzle and determining the radius of the others. We also performed the first complete breadth-first searches of the four-peg Towers of Hanoi problem with up to 22 discs, discovering a surprising anomaly regarding the radii of these problems. In addition, we performed the first heuristic searches of the four-peg Towers of Hanoi problem with up to 31 discs, verifying a conjectured optimal solution length to these problems. We also performed partial breadth-first searches of Rubik's Cube to depth ten in the face-turn metric, and depth eleven in the quarter-turn metric, confirming previous results.
Silver-gold compound metal island films for durablewrite-once optical disk memories (1999)

Silver-gold compound metal island (CMI) films fabricated by using a two-step evaporation method have been investigated for write-once (WO) optical disk memories. It has been experimentally confirmed that the CMI films are more durable than conventional silver island films reported as potential compact disc-compatible WO memories in previous work. In addition, the reflectance of the CMI film is as high as that of the silver island film at 800 nm and can be significantly reduced by heating the films at 150–200°C. This suggests that the silver-gold CMI films may be useful as write-once optical data storage media.
Generation of <scp>PGS</scp>/<scp>PCL</scp> Blend Nanofibrous Scaffolds Mimicking Corneal Stroma Structure (2013)

Morphological studies of aligned nanofibers scaffolds made of poly(glycerol sebacate)(PGS)/poly( ϵ ‐caprolactone)(PCL) blends for application as corneal tissue scaffolds are presented. Parallel conductive bars are used as ground electrode to generate unidirectional nanofibers. Scaffolds have fibers diameter in the range of 550–300 nm. The structural stability and wettability, especially the in vitro degradation rate, of the electrospun scaffolds can be controlled by regulating the blended ratio of the polymers. The results indicate that PGS/PCL nanofiber scaffolds can be considered as ideal candidates for corneal tissue engineering scaffolds. The particular motivation for this work is to engineer a tissue‐like construct that will mimic the stromal tissue of the cornea.
Recovery of Pelvic Limb Function in Dogs following Acute Intervertebral Disc Herniations (2004)

Chondrodystrophoid breeds of dog are prone to explosive herniation of mineralized disc material into the thoracolumbar spinal canal. The resulting acute spinal cord injury may represent an excellent spontaneous model of acute traumatic spinal cord injury. The aims of this study were to quantify the recovery of dogs following acute disc herniations, to evaluate external factors that influence recovery, and to identify a group of dogs suitable for use in clinical trials on neuroprotective drugs. The gait of 88 dogs with thoracolumbar disc herniations was scored at the time of injury and 2, 4, and 12 weeks after surgical decompression. Dogs were placed into four groups dependent on the severity of presenting signs; dogs in group 1 had the most severe injury severity. Group 1 dogs showed a variable but incomplete recovery by 12 weeks. Dogs in groups 2 and 3 recovered uniformly but more completely, while dogs in group 4 made a rapid and excellent recovery and were deemed unsuitable for clinical trials. Combining dogs in groups 1, 2 and 3 produced a population of dogs with incomplete recovery by 12 weeks. Power analysis revealed that 87 such dogs would be needed per treatment group to detect a 20% change in function with a power of 95%. The number needed reduced drastically to 19 by eliminating dogs in group 1, but this produced less room for functional improvement. External factors did not appear to influence outcome. We conclude that dogs with spontaneous disc herniations provide a useful model of acute spinal cord injury for clinical trials.
Independent Spanning Trees with Small Stretch Factors (1996)

A pair of spanning trees rooted at a vertex r are independent if for every vertex v the pair of unique tree paths from v to the root r are disjoint. This paper presents the first analysis of the path lengths involved in independent spanning trees in 2-edge-connected and 2-vertex-connected graphs. We present upper and lower bounds on the stretch factors of pairs of independent spanning trees, where the stretch factor of a spanning tree is defined to be the maximum ratio between the length of paths in the tree to the root to the length of the shortest path in the graph to the root. We prove that if G is a 2-edge-connected graph with the property that every edge lies on a cycle of size at most h than we can construct in linear time a pair of edge-independent spanning trees whose stretch factors are bounded by O(h). In fact, we prove a more general result, namely that the stretch factor of both independent trees can be bounded by a minimax length of ears with respect to a certain class of ...
Structure-Based Design of Novel 2-Amino-6-phenyl-pyrimido[5′,4′:5,6]pyrimido[1,2-<i>a</i>]benzimidazol-5(6<i>H</i>)-ones as Potent and Orally Active Inhibitors of Lymphocyte Specific Kinase (Lck): Synthesis, SAR, and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity (2008)

Lck, or lymphocyte specific kinase, is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase of the Src family expressed in T-cells and NK cells. Genetic evidence from knockout mice and human mutations demonstrates that Lck kinase activity is critical for T-cell receptor-mediated signaling, leading to normal T-cell development and activation. A small molecule inhibitor of Lck is expected to be useful in the treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and/or organ transplant rejection. In this paper, we describe the structure-guided design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological characterization of 2-amino-6-phenylpyrimido[5',4':5,6]pyrimido[1,2- a]benzimidazol-5(6 H)-ones, a new class of compounds that are potent inhibitors of Lck. The most promising compound of this series, 6-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-((4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl)amino)pyrimido[5',4':5,6]pyrimido-[1,2- a]benzimidazol-5(6 H)-one ( 25), exhibits potent inhibition of Lck kinase activity. This activity translates into inhibition of in vitro cell-based assays and in vivo models of T-cell activation and arthritis, respectively.
Magnetically Induced Superresolution Using Domain Stability (1996)

Two types of magnetically induced superresolution (MSR) readout methods were investigated. In one MSR method, triple-layered films in which the readout layer was coupled magnetostatically with the recording layer were used. In another MSR method, exchange-coupled triple-layered magnetic films were used. We utilized the phenomena of domain nucleation and domain collapse in readout layers in these MSR readout methods, and obtained a short rise time with domain nucleation and a short fall time with domain collapse in their readout layers.
Piezoelectric Energy Generation from Vehicle Traffic with Technoeconomic Analysis (2017)

This paper presents a technical simulation based system to support the concept of generating energy from road traffic using piezoelectric materials. The simulation based system design replicates a real life system implementation. It investigates practicality and feasibility using a real-time simulation platform known as MATLAB-Simulink . The system design structure was proposed considering factors involved with the field of material sciences for piezoelectric generator modeling and field of power electronics for additional components in producing a realist outcome. It also ensures ease of vehicle performance, as this system utilizes energy source derived as kinetic energy released from vehicles into electrical power output, that is, obtained by harnessing kinetic energy due to strain of vehicles over asphalt road surface. Due to the real-time simulation platform, the system simulation predicts the effective global carbon footprint. In addition to evaluating technical viability, a technoeconomical business analysis provides a strategic perspective. By using the simulation based power generation results, an estimation of implementation cost and payback time in real life (for United Arab Emirates) was derived, hence validating and predicting real-time economic outcome. This is followed by a comparative study with other sources of renewable energy based on levelized energy cost factor that justifies the performance of the proposed system over other renewable energy sources, in support of providing an economical solution on reducing global carbon footprint.
Immunological Relationships of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase of Leuconostoc mesenteroides NCDO 768 (= ATCC 12291) (1977)

An antiserum against the purified glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) (G-6-P-DH) of Leuconostoc mesenteroides NCDO 768 has been prepared. Cross-reactions were observed with extracts of other strains of Leuconostoc, comprising named strains of L. lactis, L. mesenteroides, L. dextranicum, L. cremoris, and L. paramesenteroides. Cross-reactions were not obtained with L. oenos. The groups of identical specificity and their order of decreasing similarity toward the homologous enzyme were determined, and the results are consistent with those obtained previously with another G-6-P-DH antiserum from L. lactis NCDO 546. Thus, except for L. oenos, many strains of Leuconostoc comprising multiple (three or more) species might be considered as phenotypically diverse but genetically rather uniform in their line of descent from a common ancestor.
Image contrast enhancement based on the piecewise-linear approximation of CDF (1999)

We present a new image contrast enhancing method based on the piecewise-linear approximation of the cumulative density function (CDF). Reduced hardware is required for CDF calculation, since the number of bins is greatly reduced thanks to this approximation. With the proposed method, various contrast enhancing effects can be implemented such as histogram equalization, partial or entire histogram modification.
The Corfu delta beta zero thalassemia: a small deletion acts at a distance to selectively abolish beta globin gene expression [published erratum appears in Blood 1988 May;71(5):1509] (1988)

The Corfu delta beta zero thalassemia is characterized by the clinical picture of thalassemia intermedia. In the homozygous state there is a complete absence of hemoglobin (Hb) A and Hb A2 and a high level of Hb F. A DNA fragment containing the gamma and beta globin genes has been cosmid cloned, and the deletion breakpoint region, the beta globin gene and the promoter regions of the gamma globin genes sequenced. The deletion removes 7,201 base pairs (bp) containing part of the delta globin gene and sequences upstream. The beta globin gene contains a G----A mutation at IVS 1 position 5. The gamma globin gene promoters are normal. Analysis of the transcription of the mutated beta globin gene in transfected HeLa cells shows that normal message is produced at a level of approximately 20% compared with a normal gene, the remaining 80% being spliced at cryptic sites in exon 1 and intron 1. This indicates that the mutation in the beta globin gene is not the sole cause of the absence of Hb A in Corfu delta beta zero thalassemia. It is concluded that the 7.2 kilobase (kb) of deleted DNA contains sequences necessary for the normal activation of the beta globin gene. Possible mechanisms for the effect of the deletion on the expression of beta and gamma globin genes are discussed.
Anion-binding modes in a macrocyclic amidourea (2006)

A macrocyclic amidourea shows anion dependent binding modes with a variety of different putative anionic guests.
Recursive Learning of Genetic Algorithms with Task Decomposition and Varied Rule Set (2011)

Rule-based Genetic Algorithms (GAs) have been used in the application of pattern classification (Corcoran & Sen, 1994), but conventional GAs have weaknesses. First, the time spent on learning is long. Moreover, the classification accuracy achieved by a GA is not satisfactory. These drawbacks are due to existing undesirable features embedded in conventional GAs. The number of rules within the chromosome of a GA classifier is usually set and fixed before training and is not problem-dependent. Secondly, conventional approaches train the data in batch without considering whether decomposition solves the problem. Thirdly, when facing large-scale real-world problems, GAs cannot utilise resources efficiently, leading to premature convergence. Based on these observations, this paper develops a novel algorithmic framework that features automatic domain and task decomposition and problem-dependent chromosome length (rule number) selection to resolve these undesirable features. The proposed Recursive Learning of Genetic Algorithm with Task Decomposition and Varied Rule Set (RLGA) method is recursive and trains and evolves a team of learners using the concept of local fitness to decompose the original problem into sub-problems. RLGA performs better than GAs and other related solutions regarding training duration and generalization accuracy according to the experimental results.
Structures and relationship between the 119SnNMR chemical shifts and pKa of their parent acids in organotin (I∇) carboxylates (1996)

Ten di-n-butyltin(I∇) carboxylates [(nBu2Sn-OCOR′)2O]2 and nBu2Sn(OCOR′)2 (R′ = CCl3, CHCl2, CH2Cl, PhCH = CH, and 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl) were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Together with other series of organotin(I∇) carboxylates, their structural features were discussed. The relationship between the 119Sn NMR chemical shifts in the organotin(I∇) carboxylates [(nBu2SnOCOR′)2O]2, nBu2Sn(OCOR′)2, nBu3SnOCOR′, Ph3SnOCOR′ and the pKa values of their parent acids R′COOH was studied. The results have shown that the log[-δ(119Sn)] of the same series of carboxylates is linearly related to the pKa of R′COOH. It seems that the better is the linearity between the log[−δ(119Sn)] and the pKa, the more analogous are the structures of the same series of carboxylates. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reaction between nitrogen oxide (NOx) and ammonia on iron oxide-titanium oxide catalyst (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction between nitrogen oxide (NOx) and ammonia on iron oxide-titanium oxide catalystAkira Kato, Shimpei Matsuda, Tomoichi Kamo, Fumito Nakajima, Hiroshi Kuroda, and Tsuneo NaritaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 26, 4099–4102Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150626a029https://doi.org/10.1021/j150626a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1066Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Nicotiana: Procedures for Experimental Use (1979)

Background information and procedures for using the genus Nicotiana as experimental subjects are presented. Each chapter first surveys a topic, then, in detail, presents the associated experimental techniques .. The topics include plant propagating and hybridizing; cytogenetical techniques; organ, tissue, cell and protoplast culture; protoplast fusion and organelle transfer; selection of biochemical cell varients; virology; disease resistance; and bacterial hypersensitivity. In addition, a genetical overview is given of the genus.
Graphene Oxide Assisted Synthesis of Self-assembled Zinc Oxide for Lithium-Ion Battery Anode (2016)

A simple method for the synthesis of a hierarchically self-assembled zinc oxide is presented, in which graphene oxide is used to assist in the assembly of the structure and improve the electrical conductivity of the ZnO. The self-assembled ZnO formed on graphene oxide exhibits a high specific capacity, while also demonstrating good rate performance and cycling stability due to the advantages of using both nanoparticles and a secondary structure.