gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Stomatopod Telson: Convergent Evolution in the Development of a Biological Shield (2019)

Abstract Mantis shrimp are aggressive marine crustaceans well known for their rapid and powerful hunting strategies. Less well known, however, is the ability of some species of mantis shrimp to defend themselves from the repeated blows of conspecifics during ritualized fighting using a shield‐like segment of abdominal armor called the telson. Multiscale structure–mechanical property relationships of this damage‐tolerant biological composite is examined in order to reveal strategies that nature uses for resisting failure from repeated high‐energy impacts. The telson structures of the smashing‐type species, Odontodactylus scyllarus , and the less aggressive spearing‐type species, Lysiosquillina maculata , are compared in order to better understand the ecological pressures driving the formation and use of the telson as a biological shield. A higher bulk compressive stiffness is identified within the smasher telson, which is attributed to its concave macromorphology, thicker cuticle, and higher degree of mineralization within its exocuticle. The presence of ridges at the dorsal surface suggests a role in imparting compliance for energy absorption. Fracture analysis identifies an enhanced toughening mechanism of crack twisting within the smasher telson, attributed to its well‐defined pitch‐graded helicoidal fibrous micro‐architecture. Such findings may prove useful for the design of lightweight composite materials with potential flexibility and improved damage tolerance.
3D Human Poses Estimation from a Single 2D Silhouette (2016)

This work focuses on the problem of automatically extracting human 3D poses from a single 2D image. By pose we mean the configuration of human bones in order to reconstruct a 3D skeleton representing the 3D posture of the detected human. This problem is highly non-linear in nature and confounds standard regression techniques. Our approach combines prior learned correspondences between silhouettes and skeletons extracted from 3D human models. In order to match detected silhouettes with simulated silhouettes, we used Krawtchouk geometric moment as shape descriptor. We provide quantitative results for image retrieval across different action and subjects, captured from differing viewpoints. We show that our approach gives promising result for 3D pose extraction from a single silhouette.
Development of a large-area beam mass analyzer (2003)

In order to form an ultra-shallow junction in deep sub-micron devices using 12" wafer, a low energy (<1 keV) and high current (>10 mA) ion implantation is becoming essential. We introduce a new beam handling technique in which a large area and high current ion beam is mass-analyzed by a large-gap magnet. The magnet has individually current-controlled multiple coils wound on a window-frame yoke. A 1/5-model has been made to confirm the magnetic field strength, distribution, uniformity and index adjustment by control of the coil currents. The field mapping data of the magnet shows a promising nature as for the optical element.
Static Analysis of Barrier Synchronization in Explicitly Parallel Programs (1994)

: Many coarse-grained, explicitly parallel programs execute in phases delimited by barriers to preserve sets of cross process data dependencies. One of the major obstacles to optimizing these programs is the necessity to conservatively assume that any two statements in the program may execute concurrently. Consequently, compilers fail to take advantage of opportunities to apply optimizing transformations, particularly those designed to improve data locality, both within and across the phases of the program. We present a simple and efficient compile time algorithm that uses the presence of barriers to perform non-concurrency analysis on coarse-grain, explicitly parallel programs. It works by dividing the program into a set of phases and computing the control flow between them. Each phase consists of one or more sequences of program statements that are delimited by barrier synchronization events and can execute concurrently. We show that the algorithm performs perfectly on all but one of...
Investigating the security threats in Vehicular ad hoc Networks (VANETs): Towards security engineering for safer on-road transportation (2014)

The state-of-the-art improvements in cellular communication and ubiquitous availability of internet have led to significant breakthroughs in intelligent transportation systems where connectivity, autonomous driving and infotainment play a pivotal role in the enhanced driving experience. The Vehicle ad hoc Networks (VANET) have emerged as a distinguished branch of wireless communication pertaining to transportation systems. VANET is intended to dispense on-road vehicle safety and to boost the comfort experienced by drivers, passengers and other commuters. Whereas VANET offers exciting applications and explores unfamiliar dimensions in transportation, concerns regarding VANET security also continue to intensify. Security of vehicular networks, the authenticity and integrity of data dissemination remains a concern of utmost significance in VANET deployment. VANET architecture, by virtue of an abundance of networked vehicles, is susceptible to illegal use, unauthorized access, protocol tunneling, eavesdropping, and denial-of-service as the vehicles are unknowingly exposed to illegitimate information from unidentified adversaries. This paper investigates the security aspects of VANET and the attacks and vulnerabilities the VANET architecture is prone to. The study of security features and flaws is expected to lead to developed broadcasting and routing services, adding to the quality-of-service. Due to mobility of vehicles, large scale networks, rapidly restructuring nodes and frequently changing topological structure; a fundamental requirement of VANETs is to ensure safe transmission of the time critical data. The paper examines various security threats in VANETs, analyses how they are implemented and their impact on the VANET security architecture. A few gaps in the VANET security frameworks have also been highlighted which can be worked upon in the future.
Facilitated transport ceramic membranes for high-temperature gas cleanup. Final report, February 1990--April 1994 (1994)

The objective of this program was to demonstrate the feasibility of developing high temperature, high pressure, facilitated transport ceramic membranes to control gaseous contaminants in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power generation systems. Meeting this objective requires that the contaminant gas H{sub 2}S be removed from an IGCC gas mixture without a substantial loss of the other gaseous components, specifically H{sub 2} and CH{sub 4}. As described above this requires consideration of other, nonconventional types of membranes. The solution evaluated in this program involved the use of facilitated transport membranes consisting of molten mixtures of alkali and alkaline earth carbonate salts immobilized in a microporous ceramic support. To accomplish this objective, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Golden Technologies Company Inc., and Research Triangle Institute worked together to develop and test high temperature facilitated membranes for the removal of H{sub 2}S from IGCC gas mixtures. Three basic experimental activities were pursued: (1) evaluation of the H{sub 2}S chemistry of a variety of alkali and alkaline earth carbonate salt mixtures; (2) development of microporous ceramic materials which were chemically and physically compatible with molten carbonate salt mixtures under IGCC conditions and which could function as a host to support a molten carbonate mixture and; (3) fabrication of molten carbonate/ceramic immobilized liquid membranes and evaluation of these membranes under conditions approximating those found in the intended application. Results of these activities are presented.
Association of mortality with disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis, independent of comorbidity (2003)

RA disease severity is significantly associated with mortality regardless of the presence of comorbid disease. Combined with each patient's age, sex, and disease duration, information on RA severity and comorbidity allows an accurate prediction of mortality among patients with RA.
Use of Incoherence to produce smooth and controllable beam profiles for laser fusion (1986)

Induced spatial incoherence (ISI)1 appears to be a viable technique for achieving the smooth and controllable beam profiles required by direct-drive laser fusion. The spatial incoherence is created by propagating a laser beam of broad spectral bandwidth Δv through a pair of echelon structures that impose a different time delay at each step. If the delay increments Δt are larger than the optical coherence time tc = 1/Δv, the beam is sliced into an array of mutually incoherent square beamlets. Each will focus independently to the same far-field diffraction profile (the sinc2 function) of width f λ/d, provided that its initial width d is small in comparison to the transverse scale length sa of the incident beam aberration. By tilting the alternating eche-ion steps to slightly different aiming angles, one can control the shape of the focal profile, as shown in Fig. 1.
Synthesis of perimidine and fused perimidine derivatives from reaction of 1,8‐naphthalenediamine with an iminoisocoumarin (1998)

Abstract The isocoumarin derivative 1 H ‐1‐acetylimino‐3‐methylbenzo[c]pyran‐4‐carbonitrile reacts with 1,8‐naphthalenediamine under basic conditions to give, primarily, 12‐acetylisoquino[2,1‐ a ]perimidin‐13‐amine. This undergoes a variety of reactions to give other isoquino[2,1‐ a ]perimidine derivatives, ring opening to 2‐(1 H ‐perimidin‐2‐yl)phenylacetic acid derivatives and, in polyphosphoric acid, a new hexacyclic system, 6‐methyl‐7,13,13d‐triazadibenzo[ def,qr ]chrysene.
Antibacterial Efficacy against an In Vivo <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Infection Model and Pharmacokinetics of a Liposomal Ciprofloxacin Formulation (1998)

The fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin has been encapsulated into large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) at efficiencies approaching 100%. Drug accumulation proceeded in response to a transmembrane gradient of methylammonium sulfate and occurred concomitantly with the efflux of methylamine. A mechanism for the encapsulation process is described. LUV composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol (DPPC/chol), distearoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol (DSPC/chol), or sphingomyelin-cholesterol (SM/chol) increased the circulation lifetime of ciprofloxacin after intravenous (i.v.) administration by > 15-fold. The retention of ciprofloxacin in liposomes in the circulation decreased in the sequence SM/chol > DSPC/chol > DPPC/chol. Increased circulation lifetimes were associated with enhanced delivery of the drug to the livers, spleens, kidneys, and lungs of mice. Encapsulation of ciprofloxacin also conferred significant increases in the longevity of the drug in the plasma after intraperitoneal administration and in the lungs after intratracheal administration in comparison to free ciprofloxacin. The efficacy of a single i.v. administration of an SM/chol formulation of ciprofloxacin was measured in a Salmonella typhimurium infection model. At 20 mg of ciprofloxacin per kg of body weight, the encapsulated formulation resulted in 10(3)- to 10(4)-fold fewer viable bacteria in the livers and spleens of infected mice than was observed for animals treated with free ciprofloxacin. These results show the utility of liposomal encapsulation of ciprofloxacin in improving the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and antibacterial efficacy of the antibiotic. In addition, these formulations are well suited for i.v., intraperitoneal, and intratracheal or aerosol administration.
Ultrasonic texture motion analysis: theory and simulation (1995)

A theoretical model was previously developed to evaluate the relationship between the dynamics of ultrasonic speckle and its underlying tissue. The model is divided into an instrumental part represented by the point spread function (in the far field) of the ultrasonic apparatus and a moving tissue component described by a collection of scatterers. By computing the convolution of these terms and then the envelope, one obtains a simulated ultrasonic speckle pattern sequence which shows speckle motions closely linked to the tissue dynamics when small motion amplitudes are involved. Here, a theoretical study of the correlation between various linear transformations of the tissue and the corresponding ultrasonic speckle motions is performed, based on a 2D extension of the envelope cross-correlation analysis of a narrow-band Gaussian noise. In the linear scan case, obviously, tissue translation generates an identical speckle translation. However, tissue/speckle motion correlation decreases with increasing rotation and/or biaxial deformation, lateral deformation (perpendicular to the beam propagation axis) being much less sensitive. With respect to the transducer frequency, the rotation and the axial deformation of the tissue show a better relationship with their respective speckle motion at lower frequencies while lateral deformation correlation is independent of the pulse frequency. With respect to beam (pulse) size parameters, tissue/speckle correlation decreases with rotation when a wide ultrasonic beam is used while the axial deformation correlation decreases with the axial duration of the pulse. This study sets the ground for the development of an ultrasonic strain gauge particularly useful for the assessment of biomechanical soft tissue and fluid flow properties based on speckle tracking.
Contextual risk-based access control (2007)

Abstract- Context-based access control is an emerging approach for modeling adaptive solution, making access control management more flexible and powerful. However, these strategies are inadequate for the increased flexibility and performance that ubiquitous computing environment requires because such systems can not utilize effectively all benefit from this environment. In this paper, we propose a solution based on risk to make use of many context parameters in order to provide good decisions for a safety environment. We design a new model for risk assessment in ubiquitous computing environment and use risk as a key component in decision-making process in our access control model.
<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>In Vivo</i>Evaluation of Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (hTNF α) Chemically Conjugated to Monoclonal Antibody (1998)

Human tumor necrosis-alpha (hTNF-alpha) was chemically conjugated to the murine anti-Ly-2.1 T cell antibody using heterobifunctional crosslinking agents SAMSA and SPDP. SDS-PAGE analysis of the affinity purified conjugate consisted mainly of 1:1 and 1:2 (Ly-2.1:TNF) complexes. Conjugated hTNF retained 50% of its cytotoxic activity by the L929 cytolytic assay, with an IC50 = 0.12 ng/ml. hTNF-Ly-2.1 was also cytotoxic to E3 cells (Ly-2.1+ve) with an IC50 = 1.7 microg/ml - 3 times more cytotoxic to these cells than non-conjugated hTNF in vitro. However in vivo hTNF-Ly-2.1 conjugates were more toxic to mice than hTNF. In vivo blood clearance studies in E3 tumor bearing CBF1 mice demonstrated that the half life of the conjugate was 2 hr, compared to 20 min for hTNF. In biodistribution studies, tumor accumulation of 3% was seen for hTNF-Ly-2.1 while for unconjugated hTNF no activity in tumor was detected 24hr post injection. A single dose of hTNF-Ly-2.1 increased the accumulation of 125I-anti-Ly-2.1 by 3 fold compared to controls. However, the antitumor effect of hTNF-Ly-2.1 on E3 cells in vivo was marginal with some tumor growth retardation at day 1-3. The results of these in vitro and in vivo studies on chemically conjugated h-TNF-MoAb will be helpful in the design of novel recombinant fusion proteins for targeting the biologic activity of TNF to tumours.
Personal Computer Operation and Troubleshooting (1989)

1. Personal Computer Introduction. 2. Disk Operating System. 3. PC XT System Board 4. 80286 Microprocessor System Board. 5. 80386 Microcomputer System Board. 6. 80486/Pentium and Advanced AT Systems. 7. Keyboards and Power Supplies. 8. Video Systems. 9. Mass Storage Systems. 10. I/O Systems and Devices. 11. Data Communications/Networks. 12. Test Equipment and Troubleshooting. Glossary. References. Answers to Review Questions. Index.
On the mechanism of photostructural changes in As-based vitreous chalcogenides microscopic, dynamic and electronic aspects (1994)

Abstract Experimental evidence for microscopic changes of the structure of As-based vitreous chalcogenides on illumination (Raman and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies) are summarized. The important role of mechanical strain accumulated in chalcogenides for the photostructural changes is demonstrated. A unified model is presented which shows how As-As bond creation in the strained regions can lead to opening up of the valence angle subtended at the bridging chalcogen atom accompanied by a simultaneous change in the dihedral angle between AsS3 pyramids, and why these changes result in photodarkening. The effect of mechanical strain is discussed within the configurational approach comparing photostructural changes in bulk glass and thin films as well as stoichiometric and As-rich films. Electronic processes reponsible for the photostructural changes are also considered.
Functions and applications of SOCRATES: a dynamic in-car navigation system with cellular-radio based bi-directional communication facility (2002)

SOCRATES, the Europe-based system of cellular radio for traffic efficiency and safety, is described. Emphasis is put on the in-vehicle equipment and the set of applications favoured by the SOCRATES approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The 100&#x2236;100 challenge for computing in rescue robotics (2011)

Our vision of computing for rescue robotics is to achieve Metcalfe's Law sized effects, where the value of multiple heterogeneous robots (100) to diverse stakeholders (100) is proportional to the square of the connections. The more stakeholders who can access and use the data from more robots in real-time, the greater the expected value of robots to the emergency enterprise. This would shift the paradigm from the current state of the practice where a small set of operators and trained response professionals use robot data for local decisions to the desired state where many groups of remote stakeholders work directly with the data (both single source and aggregated) and may be unaware of the robotic source(s). The 100:100 Challenge encourages the computing community to continue existing research in increasing autonomy and mapping to help make the robots more reliable, easier to coordinate, and simplify data fusion and visualization; expand research in human-robot interaction and multi-robot coordination to engage new topics in remote presence, user interfaces, data visualization, training, remote manipulation, and victim management to make control of the robot “invisible” to stakeholders; and incorporate existing lines of research in artificial intelligence (especially planning, scheduling, reasoning) and networking to provide complete and efficient multi-agent coordination and distribution of data.
Synthesis of poly(vinyl ether)s with perfluoroalkyl pendant groups (1992)

Abstract 2‐Perfluoro(alkyl)ethyl vinyl ethers, F(CF 2 ) n CH 2 CH 2 OCHCH 2 , ( n = 6 or 8), were synthesized and polymerized by means of cationic initiators (HI/ZnI 2 and CF 3 SO 3 H/(CH 3 ) 2 S). The perfluorohexyl‐substituted poly(vinyl ether) is completely amorphous. The polymer with perfluorooctyl segments shows side chain crystallization with a disordering transition. For the corresponding perfluorooctyl monomer a liquid‐crystalline phase was observed before melting. Copolymerization experiments of the flurocarbon‐segmented monomers with a vinyl ether containing a cyanobiphenyl group in the side chain did not give homogeneous copolymers. This is attributed to the slower rate of polymerization of the fluorinated vinyl ethers as compared with the liquid‐crystalline comonomer.
Transgenic Expression of the Chemokine Receptor Encoded by Human Herpesvirus 8 Induces an Angioproliferative Disease Resembling Kaposi's Sarcoma (2000)

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8, also known as Kaposi's sarcoma [KS]-associated herpesvirus) has been implicated as an etiologic agent for KS, an angiogenic tumor composed of endothelial, inflammatory, and spindle cells. Here, we report that transgenic mice expressing the HHV8-encoded chemokine receptor (viral G protein-coupled receptor) within hematopoietic cells develop angioproliferative lesions in multiple organs that morphologically resemble KS lesions. These lesions are characterized by a spectrum of changes ranging from erythematous maculae to vascular tumors, by the presence of spindle and inflammatory cells, and by expression of vGPCR, CD34, and vascular endothelial growth factor. We conclude that vGPCR contributes to the development of the angioproliferative lesions observed in these mice and suggest that this chemokine receptor may play a role in the pathogenesis of KS in humans.
Genetic analysis of vitamin D related genes in Canadian multiple sclerosis patients (2000)

The objective of this study was to investigate genes involved in the metabolism and function of vitamin D as candidate genes for genetic susceptibility to MS. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms and highly polymorphic microsatellite markers within or very close to the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor (VDR) [12q14], the vitamin D binding protein (DBP) [4q12], and the 25(OH)D2 1alpha-hydroxylase [12q13] loci were analyzed for linkage or association with MS. We found no evidence for linkage or association of these candidate genes with MS in the Canadian population.
Efficient synthesis of fatty monoglyceride sulfates from fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters (1990)

Abstract An efficient high yield synthesis of fatty monoglyceride sulfates from fatty acids or fatty acid methyl esters, glycerine and chlorosulfuric acid in chloroform using stoichiometric amounts of reagents was developed. Sodium coco monoglyceride sulfate was prepared in 79% yield with 93% purity from coco fatty acids. Similarly, sodium palm kernel monoglyceride sulfate in 57% yield and sodium palm monoglyceride sulfate in 71% yield were obtained from palm kernel fatty acid methyl esters and palm fatty acids, respectively. This new synthetic method produced better quality products with higher active ingredients and improved yields without having to use such cost prohibitive, high purity, fatty acid monoglycerides, and it reduced the undesirable aqueous sodium sulfate by‐product by 60% over a current commercial process. The product’s composition and purity were confirmed by cationic titration, infrared and C‐13 NMR spectroscopy.
We need to talk (2013)

Alan March has just launched his new book The Democratic Plan: Analysis and Diagnosis, which examines planning in Victoria. It sets out a number of new ways to consider the structure of the overall planning system to develop more productive engagement with citizens, relations between local government, developers and the state. The role of planning as a profession is highlighted as an important force for change and management of urban areas, and includes practical suggestions for change to increase planning's effectiveness.