gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of formulae for heart rate correction of QT interval in exercise ECGs from healthy children (2001)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the differences in four formulae for heart rate correction of the QT interval in serial ECG recordings in healthy children undergoing a graded exercise test. SUBJECTS 54 healthy children, median age 9.9 years (range 5.05–14.9 years), subjected to graded physical exercise (on a bicycle ergometer or treadmill) until heart rate reached > 85% of expected maximum for age. DESIGN ECG was recorded at baseline, at maximum exercise, and at one, two, four, and six minutes after exercise. For each stage, a 12 lead digital ECG was obtained and printed. In each ECG, QT and RR interval were measured (lead II), heart rate was calculated, and QTc values were obtained using the Bazett, Hodges, Fridericia, and Framingham formulae. A paired t test was used for comparison of QTc, QT, and RR interval at rest and peak exercise, and analysis of variance for all parameters for different stages for each formula. RESULTS From peak exercise to two minutes recovery there was a delay in QT lengthening compared with RR lengthening, accounting for differences observed with the formulae after peak exercise. At peak exercise, the Bazett and Hodges formulae led to prolongation of QTc intervals (p < 0.001), while the Fridericia and Framingham formulae led to shortening of QTc intervals (p < 0.001) until four minutes of recovery. The Bazett QTc shortened significantly at one minute after peak exercise. CONCLUSIONS The practical meaning of QT interval measurements depends on the correction formula used. In studies investigating repolarisation changes (for example, in the long QT syndromes, congenital heart defects, or in the evaluation of new drugs), the use of an ad hoc selected heart rate correction formula may bias the results in either direction. The Fridericia and Framingham QTc values at one minute recovery from exercise may be useful in the assessment of long QT syndromes.
Expression of Ley antigen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected human T cell lines and in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC). (1988)

Ley determinant (Fuc alpha 1----2Gal beta 1----4[Fuc alpha 1----3]GlcNAc beta 1----R) defined by mAb BM-1 is highly expressed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected T cell lines and in CD3+ peripheral mature T cells of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with AIDS-related complex (ARC). Ley expression increased greatly in the CD3+ population in the advanced stage of AIDS when the CD4+ population decreased greatly. Six other carbohydrate antigens tested by their respective mAbs were not detected in these same cells. None of the carbohydrate antigens tested by the seven mAbs used in this study were found in noninfected T cell lines and in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes.
The Dehydrogenation of Nickel(II) Chelates of <i>rac</i>- and <i>meso</i>- 2,2′-[(1,2-Diphenylethylene)bis(iminomethylene)]diphenol and Related Compounds (1983)

Abstract Nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate and rac- and meso-2,2′-[(1,2-diphenylethylene)bis(iminomethylene)]diphenol (rac- and meso-BzPhen-H2) formed pale green complexes in methanol. A pyridine solution of these complexes deposited deep red diimine complexes after prolonged heating under aerobic conditions. The saturated ligand system of the initial complexes was dehydrogenated to an unsaturated one by molecular oxygen. From the pyridine solution of the meso-isomzr, [2,2′-(cis-1,2-diphenylethenylene)bis(nitrilomethylidyne)diphenolato]nickel(II)([Ni(SalStil)]) was isolated in addition to the diimine complex ([Ni(meso-SalPhen)]). In this case, the (Remark: Graphics omitted.) bridge was dehydrogenated to (Remark: Graphics omitted.) conjugated double bonds; that is, a fully conjugated metal chelate was formed by the dehydrogenation of the coordinated ligand.
A 10-b 70-MS/s CMOS D/A converter (1991)

A 10-b 70-MS/s CMOS D/A converter fabricated in a 1- mu m CMOS technology is described. An integral linearity error caused by error distributions of current sources is reduced by a new switching sequence called hierarchical symmetrical switching. A differential linearity error caused by an off-axis drain-source implantation is reduced by the layout technique of current sources. The D/A converter is fabricated by using a single-polycide double-metal standard digital process. Both the integral and the differential linearity errors are less than +or-0.5 LSB. The settling time to +or-0.1 % is less than 14 ns. The worst-case glitch energy is approximately 60 pV-s. This D/A converter has a single power supply of 5 V and dissipates 170 mW at 70 MS/s. The chip size is 2.02 mm*1.87 mm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Balanced-detection interferometric cavity-assisted photothermal spectroscopy (2019)

An optical cavity can be utilized as an excellent transducer for highly sensitive gas detection with the application of photothermal spectroscopy, featuring the beneficial property of an ultra-low absorption volume within a rugged sensing element. We report the novel implementation of balanced detection in Fabry-Perot photothermal interferometry via two identical 1 mm-spaced cavities. That way, excess noise limiting the sensitivity of previous cavity-based photothermal sensors was effectively rejected close to the fundamental limit of shot noise. A quantum cascade laser served as mid-infrared excitation source to induce refractive index changes in the sample, and a near-infrared fiber laser served as probe source to monitor the photo-induced variations. The metrological qualities of the sensor were investigated by SO<sub>2</sub> detection. For the targeted absorption band centered at 1380.93 cm<sup>-1</sup>, a 5 ppbv minimum detection limit was achieved with a 1 s integration time, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption of 7.5 × 10<sup>-9</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> W Hz<sup>-1/2</sup>. Additionally, the sensor showed excellent long-term stability, enabling integration times of a few thousand seconds.
How to construct the perfect sandcastle (2012)

Just a bit of water enables one to turn a pile of dry sand into a spectacular sandcastle. Too much water however will destabilize the material, as is seen in landslides. Here we investigated the stability of wet sand columns to account for the maximum height of sandcastles. We find that the columns become unstable to elastic buckling under their own weight. This allows to account for the maximum height of the sand column; it is found to increase as the 2/3 power of the base radius of the column. Measuring the elastic modulus of the wet sand, we find that the optimum strength is achieved at a very low liquid volume fraction of about 1%. Knowing the modulus we can quantitatively account for the measured sandcastle heights.
Differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases using structural MRI data (2016)

Different neurodegenerative diseases can cause memory disorders and other cognitive impairments. The early detection and the stratification of patients according to the underlying disease are essential for an efficient approach to this healthcare challenge. This emphasizes the importance of differential diagnostics. Most studies compare patients and controls, or Alzheimer's disease with one other type of dementia. Such a bilateral comparison does not resemble clinical practice, where a clinician is faced with a number of different possible types of dementia. Here we studied which features in structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans could best distinguish four types of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies, and control subjects. We extracted an extensive set of features quantifying volumetric and morphometric characteristics from T1 images, and vascular characteristics from FLAIR images. Classification was performed using a multi-class classifier based on Disease State Index methodology. The classifier provided continuous probability indices for each disease to support clinical decision making. A dataset of 504 individuals was used for evaluation. The cross-validated classification accuracy was 70.6% and balanced accuracy was 69.1% for the five disease groups using only automatically determined MRI features. Vascular dementia patients could be detected with high sensitivity (96%) using features from FLAIR images. Controls (sensitivity 82%) and Alzheimer's disease patients (sensitivity 74%) could be accurately classified using T1-based features, whereas the most difficult group was the dementia with Lewy bodies (sensitivity 32%). These results were notable better than the classification accuracies obtained with visual MRI ratings (accuracy 44.6%, balanced accuracy 51.6%). Different quantification methods provided complementary information, and consequently, the best results were obtained by utilizing several quantification methods. The results prove that automatic quantification methods and computerized decision support methods are feasible for clinical practice and provide comprehensive information that may help clinicians in the diagnosis making.
The SWI/SNF Complex Creates Loop Domains in DNA and Polynucleosome Arrays and Can Disrupt DNA-Histone Contacts within These Domains (1999)

To understand the mechanisms by which the chromatin-remodeling SWI/SNF complex interacts with DNA and alters nucleosome organization, we have imaged the SWI/SNF complex with both naked DNA and nucleosomal arrays by using energy-filtered microscopy. By making ATP-independent contacts with DNA at multiple sites on its surface, SWI/SNF creates loops, bringing otherwise-distant sites into close proximity. In the presence of ATP, SWI/SNF action leads to the disruption of nucleosomes within domains that appear to be topologically constrained by the complex. The data indicate that the action of one SWI/SNF complex on an array of nucleosomes can lead to the formation of a region where multiple nucleosomes are disrupted. Importantly, nucleosome disruption by SWI/SNF results in a loss of DNA content from the nucleosomes. This indicates a mechanism by which SWI/SNF unwraps part of the nucleosomal DNA.
Hrb27C, Sqd and Otu cooperatively regulate<i>gurken</i>RNA localization and mediate nurse cell chromosome dispersion in<i>Drosophila</i>oogenesis (2004)

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, hnRNPs, are RNA-binding proteins that play crucial roles in controlling gene expression. In Drosophila oogenesis, the hnRNP Squid (Sqd) functions in the localization and translational regulation of gurken (grk) mRNA. We show that Sqd interacts with Hrb27C, an hnRNP previously implicated in splicing. Like sqd, hrb27C mutants lay eggs with dorsoventral defects and Hrb27C can directly bind to grk RNA. Our data demonstrate a novel role for Hrb27C in promoting grk localization. We also observe a direct physical interaction between Hrb27C and Ovarian tumor (Otu), a cytoplasmic protein implicated in RNA localization. We find that some otu alleles produce dorsalized eggs and it appears that Otu cooperates with Hrb27C and Sqd in the oocyte to mediate proper grk localization. All three mutants share another phenotype, persistent polytene nurse cell chromosomes. Our analyses support dual cooperative roles for Sqd, Hrb27C and Otu during Drosophila oogenesis.
Low-damage fabrication of high aspect nanocolumns by using neutral beams and ferritin-iron-core mask (2007)

A silicon-nanocolumn structure was fabricated by using neutral beams and a ferritin-iron-core mask. The etching process was observed by scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which revealed that the iron core can be used as an etching mask for more than 30min of etching. Extrapolation of the XPS results shows that it is possible to fabricate nanocolumns about 180nm high. The diameter at the top of the nanocolumns was about 7nm after etching for 5min or longer, while it was about 12nm after etching for 2.5min. It is thus concluded that the current etching condition is applicable for fabricating nanocolumns about 20–180nm high and 170-nm-high nanocolumn was fabricated. Densely distributed nanocolumns with a narrow gap of 5.5nm between them could be etched successfully. To demonstrate that nanocolumns can be used for devices and circuits, a regularly arranged nanocolumn array was fabricated successfully. Etching damage was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electron-spin resonance (ESR). The TEM observation revealed that the interior and subsurface of the nanocolumns kept a single-crystal structure completely, and no crystalline defects were observed. A small amount of Pb centers were found by ESR measurement and attributed to silicon dangling bonds at the nanocolumn sidewalls. The dangling-bond density was not increased by neutral-beam etching and stayed low (i.e., 2.7×1011cm−2) after etching. Damage-free etching was thus achieved by neutral beam. This result may be attributed to the absence of UV photons in the neutral beam. Such a sub-10-nm process with an arranged pattern and low etching damage has great potential in regard to the development of future nanometer-scale devices.
Novel method of optical pulse characterization using sinusoidal optical phase modulations (2006)

A simple non-iterative electric field retrieval method using a sinusoidally driven optical phase modulator is proposed. The method is validated by demonstrating accurate characterization of picosecond pulses used in telecommunication.
Influence of validating the parental origin on the clinical interpretation of fetal copy number variations in 141 core family cases (2019)

Parental origin verification has an important significance for interpretation on the clinical significance of fetal CNVs.
Photochemical behavior of 2-phenylbenzoxazole. Synthesis of 1,3-diazetidine via the intermolecular [2.pi. + 2.pi.] cycloaddition of two carbon-nitrogen double bonds (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical behavior of 2-phenylbenzoxazole. Synthesis of 1,3-diazetidine via the intermolecular [2.pi. + 2.pi.] cycloaddition of two carbon-nitrogen double bondsJacques Roussilhe, Evelyne Fargin, Andre Lopez, Bernard Despax, and Nicole PaillousCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 21, 3736–3741Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00169a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00169a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CLICK—topology-independent comparison of biomolecular 3D structures (2011)

Our server, CLICK: http://mspc.bii.a-star.edu.sg/click, is capable of superimposing the 3D structures of any pair of biomolecules (proteins, DNA, RNA, etc.). The server makes use of the Cartesian coordinates of the molecules with the option of using other structural features such as secondary structure, solvent accessible surface area and residue depth to guide the alignment. CLICK first looks for cliques of points (3-7 residues) that are structurally similar in the pair of structures to be aligned. Using these local similarities, a one-to-one equivalence is charted between the residues of the two structures. A least square fit then superimposes the two structures. Our method is especially powerful in establishing protein relationships by detecting similarities in structural subdomains, domains and topological variants. CLICK has been extensively benchmarked and compared with other popular methods for protein and RNA structural alignments. In most cases, CLICK alignments were statistically significantly better in terms of structure overlap. The method also recognizes conformational changes that may have occurred in structural domains or subdomains in one structure with respect to the other. For this purpose, the server produces complementary alignments to maximize the extent of detectable similarity. Various examples showcase the utility of our web server.
Quantum confinement controlled photocatalytic water splitting by suspended CdSe nanocrystals (2011)

The photocatalytic hydrogen production of CdSe nanocrystals (1.75-4.81 nm) in the presence of aqueous sodium sulphite depends exponentially on the bandgap of the particles, confirming that the material's activity is controlled by the degree of quantum confinement.
Octane catalyst boosts octane, resid-charging capability (1986)

Aiming to develop new copper chelates for application in nuclear medicine we report two new chelators, te1th and te2th, based on a cyclam backbone mono-N- or di-N1,N8-functionalized by methylthiazolyl arms. The acid-base properties of both ligands were investigated as well as their coordination chemistry, especially with Cu(2+), when possible in aqueous solution and in the solid state. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures of complexes were determined. Stability constants of the copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes showed that the complexes of both ligands with Cu(2+) are thermodynamically very stable, and they exhibit an important selectivity for Cu(2+) over Zn(2+). The kinetic inertness in acidic medium of both copper(II) complexes was evaluated revealing a quite good resistance to dissociation (the half-life times of complexes with te1th and te2th are 50.8 and 5.8 min, respectively, in 5 M HCl and 30 °C). The coordination geometry of the metal center in the complexes was established in aqueous solution based on UV-visible, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, DFT studies, and NMR by using the zinc(II) complex analogues. The [Cu(te1th)](2+) and [Cu(te2th)](2+) complexes adopt trans-I and trans-III configurations both in the solid state and in solution, while the [Zn(te2th)](2+) complex crystallizes as the cis-V isomer but exists in solution as a mixture of trans-III and cis-V forms. Cyclic voltammetry experiments in acetonitrile point to a relatively easy reduction of [Cu(te2th)](2+) in acetonitrile solution (Epc = -0.41 V vs NHE), but the reduced complex does not undergo dissociation in the time scale of our electrochemical experiments. The results obtained in these studies revealed that despite the limited solubility of its copper(II) chelate, te2th is an attractive chelator for Cu(2+) that provides a fast complexation process while forming a complex with a rather high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness with respect to dissociation even upon electrochemical reduction.
Mechanical characterization of nickel plated copper heat spreaders with different catalytic activation surface treatment techniques (2013)

This paper studied the effects of different catalytic activation processes towards intermetallic diffusion and mechanical properties on nickel plated heat spreader after high temperature storage (HTS). Heat spreader performs as medium to dissipate heat from silicon die towards heat-sink and is normally made by copper that is plated with nickel to improve wear resistance and prevent oxidation of copper. Two types of heat spreader that using galvanic initiation and thin nickel-copper electrodeposition surface treatment technique had been studied on their hardness and moduli by using Micro Tester and Nano-indenter. Besides, HTS tests were performed to investigate intermetallic diffusion between the nickel and copper layers. Young’s moduli of the heat spreaders which were plated by galvanic initiation and thin nickel-copper strike electroless nickel plating catalytic activation techniques were 45 to 65 GPa and 60 to 80 GPa, respectively. The results found that thin nickel-copper electrodeposition technique gave a higher modulus for the heat spreader and this also increased the mechanical strength of heat spreader. Diffusion also took place with a very slow rate in nickel-copper layer.

	 

	Key words: Heat spreader, electroless nickel plating, galvanic initiation, thin nickel-copper electrodeposition, high temperature storage.
Pitfalls in 16–Detector Row CT of the Coronary Arteries (2005)

Recently developed 16-detector row computed tomography (CT) has been introduced as a reliable noninvasive imaging modality for evaluating the coronary arteries. In most cases, with appropriate premedication that includes beta-blockers and nitroglycerin, ideal data sets can be acquired from which to obtain excellent-quality coronary CT angiograms, most often with multiplanar reformation, thin-slab maximum intensity projection, and volume rendering. However, various artifacts associated with data creation and reformation, postprocessing methods, and image interpretation can hamper accurate diagnosis. These artifacts can be related to pulsation (nonassessable segments, pseudostenosis) as well as rhythm disorders, respiratory issues, partial volume averaging effect, high-attenuation entities, inappropriate scan pitch, contrast material enhancement, and patient body habitus. Some artifacts have already been resolved with technical advances, whereas others represent partially inherent limitations of coronary CT angiography. Familiarity with the pitfalls of coronary angiography with 16-detector row CT, coupled with the knowledge of both the normal anatomy and anatomic variants of the coronary arteries, can almost always help radiologists avoid interpretive errors in the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis.
Development of a Communication Scheme for Wireless Power Applications With Moving Receivers (2015)

Commercial wireless power systems based on inductive coupling are gaining more popularity. These systems rely on a static alignment between a receiver and a transmitter coil for a certain amount of time. To make the technology more responsive when the device has to be charged while moving randomly in a larger area than the size of the transmitter coil, a dedicated communication scheme is required. In the presented solution, the receiver itself is equipped with a supercapacitor on board, in order to provide a constant energy supply to power the receiver functionality. The communication as described in this work is developed in order to meet the requirements of fast detection and quick charging. It has been implemented in the real-life configuration of a commercially available wireless mouse where the battery compartment was replaced with the receiver circuitry. Excellent functionality of the device was observed. It was demonstrated experimentally that the time it takes to force the transmitter in high-power mode equals 450 ms in case the receiver energy storage is completely drained, and on average, 50 ms when the receiver's microcontroller is still powered. These results contrast significantly with the well-known static receiver Qi-protocol, where these values rise to an average of respectively 2500 and 250 ms. The obtained timing values meet the requirements of rapidly collecting energy and a high degree of autonomy, even when the receiver structure is only a short amount of time above the transmitting structure.