gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of gamma II-crystallin solutions yields dimers with a high phase separation temperature. (1995)

Aqueous solutions of the bovine eye lens protein gamma II (or gamma B)-crystallin at neutral pH show a gradual increase in phase separation temperature, Tph, when allowed to stand for several weeks at room temperature without reducing agents. In a typical experiment, the Tph of the protein solution (218 mg/ml) increases from 2.5 +/- 1 degree C to 32.5 +/- 1 degree C after 21 days, and a new protein species, gamma IIH, is formed. The Tph of pure gamma IIH is at least 40 degrees C higher than that of pure gamma II. The average apparent hydrodynamic radius is 36 A for gamma IIH compared to 26 A for gamma II. The molecular mass of gamma IIH is approximately 41.5 kDa compared to 20 kDa for native gamma II. Therefore, gamma IIH is probably a dimer of gamma II crystallin. gamma IIH has a lower thiol content than gamma II and is not formed in the presence of dithiothreitol. We conclude that gamma IIH is a thiol oxidation product of gamma II-crystallin and is a dimer containing an intermolecular disulfide crosslink. Thus, some oxidative modifications of protein thiol groups lead to an increase in net attractive interactions between proteins. As a result, Tph increases and protein aggregates are formed. These two microscopic changes produce the increased light scattering associated with lens opacification.
Prodrugs of butyric acid from bench to bedside: Synthetic design, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications (2000)

We describe the synthesis, biological activities, and clinical applications of a novel family of butyric acid (BA) prodrugs having the general formula Me(CH2)2COOCH(R)OR1, where R = H, Me, Pr, tert-Bu; R1 = OC-alkyl, OC-Ar, OC-heterocycles , and P(O)(OEt)2. These acyloxyalkyl prodrugs serve as molecular devices for efficient transport of BA into the cells, leading to a significant increase in its potency. The prodrugs were studied for anticancer activity, induction of hemoglobin (Hb) expression and protection of hair follicles from damage caused by cytotoxic agents. Structure activity relationship studies (SAR) for the different activities were conducted. The anticancer activity of the compounds was demonstrated in vitro and in animal models. The best-studied member of the family is AN-9, Pivanex®, currently in phase II clinical trial with non-small cell lung carcinoma patients. The mutual prodrug of two potent differentiation inducers, BA and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) - retinoyloxymethyl butyrate (RN1) was also synthesized. It displayed enhanced differentiation activity in leukemic cells with ED50, 40-fold lower than that of ATRA and about 4 orders of magnitude lower than that of BA. Butylidene dibutyrate (AN-10), predicted to release 3 equivalents of BA in the cells, is characterized by low toxicity. It induces Hb expression in erythroleukemic cell lines and fetal hemoglobin (FHb) expression in sickle cell anemia (SCA) and β-thalassemia progenitor blood cells. AN-10 was also shown to protect hair follicles and may have potential use for treatment of radio- and chemo-therapy induced alopecia. Drug Dev. Res. 50:370–391, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Identification of levels in<sup>160</sup>Sm and new high spin states in<sup>156,158</sup>Sm (1995)

From gamma - gamma , X-X, X- gamma , and gamma - gamma - gamma coincidence studies of spontaneous fission of 252Cf, 160Sm levels were identified along with new high spin states in 156,158Sm. New bands, beginning at 5- in 156,158Sm are assigned a two-neutron configuration (5/2+(642) 5/2-(523))5-. The J1 and J2 values for the yrast bands increase smoothly with spin and neutron number and the differences in these values for corresponding transitions in neighbouring isotopes are reasonably constant.
Two Early Vaccinia Virus Genes Encode Polypeptides Related to Protein Kinases (1989)

Vaccinia virus particles contain a protein kinase with an Mr of 62K calculated from sedimentation rate. We have sequenced the SalI G restriction fragment of the vaccinia virus genome near to the right inverted terminal repeat and have identified two genes which share 36% amino acid identity with each other and are related to the family of protein kinase genes. One gene, designated B1R, encodes a 34.2K protein which shares 27% identity with a protein kinase encoded by the herpes simplex virus type 1 US3 gene and contains conserved motifs characteristic of protein kinases of serine/threonine specificity. The second gene, B12R, encodes a protein of 33.3K which is poorly related to known protein kinases and lacks specific amino acids at several highly conserved key positions. The deduced partial amino acid sequence of a gene in the corresponding region of the cowpox virus genome is identical to B12R except for one conservative amino acid substitution. Both of the vaccinia virus genes are transcribed towards the right-hand end of the genome early during infection. It is possible that the product of either or both of these genes associates to form a homo- or heterodimer that represents the 62K virion-associated protein kinase.
Solar cell array design handbook, volume 1 (1976)

Twelve chapters discuss the following: historical developments, the environment and its effects, solar cells, solar cell filters and covers, solar cell and other electrical interconnections, blocking and shunt diodes, substrates and deployment mechanisms, material properties, design synthesis and optimization, design analysis, procurement, production and cost aspects, evaluation and test, orbital performance, and illustrative design examples. A comprehensive index permits rapid locating of desired topics. The handbook consists of two volumes: Volume 1 is of an expository nature while Volume 2 contains detailed design data in an appendix-like fashion. Volume 2 includes solar cell performance data, applicable unit conversion factors and physical constants, and mechanical, electrical, thermal optical, magnetic, and outgassing material properties. Extensive references are provided.
Near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes for biosensing with high operating stability (2017)

We demonstrate highly stable NIR organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on a system using excitonic energy transfer from thermally activated delay fluorescence molecules to NIR fluorophores. The NIR OLEDs showed an electroluminescence peak at 780 nm and robust operational stability with 2% loss of the initial radiant flux after 1000 h under a constant current density of 10 mA/cm2. The variation of hemoglobin oxygen saturation can be detected using the NIR OLEDs as a light source.
Carboxylic Acid Analogues of Tamoxifen:  (<i>Z</i>)-2-[<i>p</i>-(1,2-Diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy]-<i>N,N</i>-dimethylethylamine. Estrogen Receptor Affinity and Estrogen Antagonist Effects in MCF-7 Cells (1999)

The triarylethylene estrogen mimetic (E, Z)-4-[1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-1-butenyl]phenoxyacetic acid (4) represents a novel class of estrogen receptor (ER) ligands which, like tamoxifen (1), can elicit estrogen agonist and antagonist effects, in turn, in nonreproductive and reproductive tissues. Analogues of 4, incorporating structural features shown previously in triarylethylenes to improve ER affinity and estrogen antagonist properties, were prepared with the ultimate aim of identifying substances with improved estrogenicity exclusive of reproductive tissues. Thus, the side chain of 4 was elongated to give oxybutyric acid 13, which was further altered by (a) repositioning of its p-hydroxyl to the neighboring m-position (12) and (b) ethylenic bond reduction (14). Also, the p-hydroxyl group and oxyacetic acid groups of 4 were, in turn, shifted to the neighboring m-positions, affording 8 and 9. Oxybutyric acid analogue 13 had about 2 times the affinity for human ERalpha as 4, and its antiproliferative effect in MCF-7 cells was greater than that of 1. Dihydro analogue 14, which was conformationally similar to cis-13, had very low ER affinity and antiestrogenicity, and m-hydroxy analogue 12 also had reduced ER affinity and potency, but its MCF-7 cell antiproliferative efficacy was retained. Modest ER affinity and antiproliferative potency were seen with 8, in which phenolic and phenyl rings were trans to one another, but 9, in which these rings were cis, was inactive. Our findings indicate that two-carbon side-chain elongation and/or m-positioning of the hydroxyl group in 4 affords analogues with dominant estrogen antagonist effects in MCF-7 cells.
One-step selection of Vaccinia virus-binding DNA aptamers by MonoLEX (2007)

The MonoLEX method is a straightforward procedure as demonstrated here for the identification of a high-affinity DNA aptamer binding Vaccinia virus. MonoLEX comprises a single affinity chromatography step, followed by subsequent physical segmentation of the affinity resin and a single final PCR amplification step of bound aptamers. Therefore, this procedure improves the selection of high affinity aptamers by reducing the competition between aptamers of different affinities during the PCR step, indicating an advantage for the single-round MonoLEX method.
Regulation of GABAergic synapse formation and plasticity by GSK3β-dependent phosphorylation of gephyrin (2010)

Postsynaptic scaffolding proteins ensure efficient neurotransmission by anchoring receptors and signaling molecules in synapse-specific subcellular domains. In turn, posttranslational modifications of scaffolding proteins contribute to synaptic plasticity by remodeling the postsynaptic apparatus. Though these mechanisms are operant in glutamatergic synapses, little is known about regulation of GABAergic synapses, which mediate inhibitory transmission in the CNS. Here, we focused on gephyrin, the main scaffolding protein of GABAergic synapses. We identify a unique phosphorylation site in gephyrin, Ser270, targeted by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) to modulate GABAergic transmission. Abolishing Ser270 phosphorylation increased the density of gephyrin clusters and the frequency of miniature GABAergic postsynaptic currents in cultured hippocampal neurons. Enhanced, phosphorylation-dependent gephyrin clustering was also induced in vitro and in vivo with lithium chloride. Lithium is a GSK3β inhibitor used therapeutically as mood-stabilizing drug, which underscores the relevance of this posttranslational modification for synaptic plasticity. Conversely, we show that gephyrin availability for postsynaptic clustering is limited by Ca(2+)-dependent gephyrin cleavage by the cysteine protease calpain-1. Together, these findings identify gephyrin as synaptogenic molecule regulating GABAergic synaptic plasticity, likely contributing to the therapeutic action of lithium.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin-D3 Treatment Reduces Cardiac Hypertrophy and Left Ventricular Diameter in Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure-prone (cp/+) Rats Independent of Changes in Serum Leptin (2008)

A number of investigators have observed insufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in patients with congestive heart failure, suggesting a role for vitamin D insufficiency in the pathogenesis of this disorder. We have observed cardiac hypertrophy and collagen accumulation in rats deficient in vitamin D and in the hearts of vitamin D-receptor knockout mice. Our studies indicate that absence of vitamin D-mediated signal transduction and genomic activation results in cardiomyocytes overstimulation including increased contractility. These events ultimately lead to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In this report, we used spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats cp/+ (hemyzygous for the corpulent gene, a mutant isoform of the leptin receptor) fed a normal and a high-salt diet to assess the potential for activated vitamin D (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3) to prevent cardiac hypertrophy and increases in cardiac output. After 13 weeks, as compared with untreated rats, we observed that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment in rats fed a high-salt diet resulted in lower heart weight, myocardial collagen levels, left ventricular diameter, and cardiac output despite higher serum leptin levels. These studies suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment may prevent the development of cardiac hypertrophy, an important contributing factor in the progression of congestive heart failure.
Bile acid excretion: the alternate pathway in the hamster. (1977)

A C T The quantitative significance of renal excretion of bile acid ester sulfates as an alternate excretory pathway was evaluated in hamsters. After bile duct ligation, total serum bile acid fell from a mean level of 454 ,g/ml at 24 h to 64 ,ug/ml by 96 h. During this period the bulk of the bile acid pool could be accounted for as esterified bile acids in urine. Renal pedicle ligation of animals with bile duict obstruction led to retention of the bile acid ester sulfates in serum. Thioacetamide hepatotoxicity diminished ester sulfation of bile acids causing diminished renal secretion with relatively greater retention of non- esterified bile acids in serum. We conclude that secretion of esterified bile acids by the kidney is an efficient alternate pathway for maintaining bile acid excretion in obstructive biliary tract disease. Coexistent hepatocellular disease diminishes ester sulfation and the effectiveness of the alternate pathway in main- taining bile acid excretion.
An Autonomic Performance Environment for Exascale (2015)

Exascale systems will require new approaches to performance observation, analysis, and runtime decision-making to optimize for performance and efficiency. The standard "first-person" model, in which multiple operating system processes and threads observe themselves and record first-person performance profiles or traces for offline analysis, is not adequate to observe and capture interactions at shared resources in highly concurrent, dynamic systems. Further, it does not support mechanisms for runtime adaptation. Our approach, called APEX (Autonomic Performance Environment for eXascale), provides mechanisms for sharing information among the layers of the software stack, including hardware, operating and runtime systems, and application code, both new and legacy. The performance measurement components share information across layers, merging first-person data sets with information collected by third-person tools observing shared hardware and software states at node- and global-levels. Critically, APEX provides a policy engine designed to guide runtime adaptation mechanisms to make algorithmic changes, re-allocate resources, or change scheduling rules when appropriate conditions occur.
Design of high-speed, wide-band MOS oscillators for monolithic phase-locked loop applications (2003)

Methods are presented for the realization of MOS oscillators with multidecade tuning range and GHz top speed. The theory yields transistor-only circuits with robust, digital-like structure. These are relaxation networks capable of high-frequency operation due to the use of parasitic timing capacitors, simplified feedback networks, and submicron-channel transistors. Optimum design solutions exist for both NMOS and CMOS, the latter having inherent advantages such as parasitic 'masking' properties. The digital-and-voltage-controlled oscillators developed are intended for complex monolithic PLL applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Experimental study of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of vascular dementia]. (2005)

To explore the new progress of the experimental study of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of vascular. Consulted the relevant papers and integrated the elementary theory, we summarized the virtue of Chinese medicine in the treatment of vascular dementia and insufficient and future development of the experimental study of it. It was confirmed that the traditional Chinese medicine has a lot of target spots in the brain and less ill-effect, it could ameliorate several phenotypes of pathophysiology of vascular dementia and improve the ability of learning and memory of animals with vascular dementia.
Magnetic Properties of FeCo Multilayered Films for Single Pole Heads (2004)

FeCo films multilayered with nonmagnetic NiCr and Cr thin films was investigated. [FeCo/NiCr]/sub n/ multilayered films indicated a much lower remanent flux density and coercivity than the FeCo single-layered films. The [FeCo/Cr]/sub n/ multilayered films showed antiferromagnetic coupling and a Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida-like oscillating interaction, due to the flat interface between the FeCo and the Cr. We fabricated the single-pole-tip write heads with FeCo multilayered films and found that the heads with the antiferromagnetic coupling at the main pole suppressed the erase-after-write.
Performance Characteristics of the QUANTIPLEX HIV-1 RNA 3.0 Assay for Detection and Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Plasma (2000)

The QUANTIPLEX HIV-1 RNA assay, version 3.0 (a branched DNA, version 3.0, assay [bDNA 3.0 assay]), was evaluated by analyzing spiked and clinical plasma samples and was compared with the AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Ultrasensitive (ultrasensitive reverse transcription-PCR [US-RT-PCR]) method. A panel of spiked plasma samples that contained 0 to 750,000 copies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA per ml was tested four times in each of four laboratories (1,344 assays). Negative results (<50 copies/ml) were obtained in 30 of 32 (94%) assays with seronegative samples, 66 of 128 (52%) assays with HIV-1 RNA at 50 copies/ml, and 5 of 128 (4%) assays with HIV-1 RNA at 100 copies/ml. The assay was linear from 100 to 500,000 copies/ml. The within-run standard deviation (SD) of the log(10) estimated HIV-1 RNA concentration was 0.08 at 1,000 to 500,000 copies/ml, increased below 1,000 copies/ml, and was 0.17 at 100 copies/ml. Between-run reproducibility at 100 to 500 copies/ml was <0.10 log(10) in most comparisons. Interlaboratory differences across runs were </=0.10 log(10) at all concentrations examined. A subset of the panel (25 to 500 copies/ml) was also analyzed by the US-RT-PCR assay. The within-run SD varied inversely with the log(10) HIV-1 RNA concentration but was higher than the SD for the bDNA 3.0 assay at all concentrations. Log-log regression analysis indicated that the two methods produced very similar estimates at 100 to 500 copies/ml. In parallel testing of clinical specimens with low HIV-1 RNA levels, 80 plasma samples with <50 copies/ml by the US-RT-PCR assay had <50 copies/ml when they were retested by the bDNA 3.0 assay. In contrast, 11 of 78 (14%) plasma samples with <50 copies/ml by the bDNA 3.0 assay had >/=50 copies/ml when they were retested by the US-RT-PCR assay (median, 86 copies/ml; range, 50 to 217 copies/ml). Estimation of bDNA 3.0 values of <50 copies/ml by extending the standard curve of the assay showed that these samples with discrepant results had higher HIV-1 RNA levels than the samples with concordant results (median, 34 versus 17 copies/ml; P = 0.0051 by the Wilcoxon two-sample test). The excellent reproducibility, broad linear range, and good sensitivity of the bDNA 3.0 assay make it a very attractive method for quantitation of HIV-1 RNA levels in plasma.
An 8T-SRAM for Variability Tolerance and Low-Voltage Operation in High-Performance Caches (2008)

An eight-transistor (8T) cell is proposed to improve variability tolerance and low-voltage operation in high-speed SRAM caches. While the cell itself can be designed for exceptional stability and write margins, array-level implications must also be considered to achieve a viable memory solution. These constraints can be addressed by modifying traditional 6T-SRAM techniques and conceding some design complexity and area penalties. Altogether, 8T-SRAM can be designed without significant area penalty over 6T-SRAM while providing substantially improved variability tolerance and low-voltage operation with no need for secondary or dynamic power supplies. The proposed 8T solution is demonstrated in a high-performance 32 kb subarray designed in 65 nm PD-SOI CMOS that operates at 5.3 GHz at 1.2 V and 295 MHz at 0.41 V.
A novel series-resonant DC/DC converter with full control of output voltage at no-load condition-computer simulation based design aspects (2003)

A novel series-resonant converter (SRC) with added boost stage assuring full control over output voltage is presented. To make easy the design of a SRC, a computer program was prepared which builds a database consisting of different operating points of the SRC with varying LC values, providing a convenient tool for analyzing converter work and allowing selection of LC elements for a needed application. A half-bridge configuration works with switching frequency from 50 kHz up to 100 kHz, giving an output power of 1.5 kW. A full-bridge topology works in the same frequency range and gives output power of 4 kW. Both converters work on the rectified 380 VAC mains and the output voltage is max. 60 VDC. The boost stages were designed to allow output voltage regulation from 20 V to 60 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A naturally occurring transcript variant of MARCO reveals the SRCR domain is critical for function (2016)

Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) is a class A scavenger receptor (cA-SR) that recognizes and phagocytoses a wide variety of pathogens. Most cA-SRs that contain a C-terminal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain use the proximal collagenous domain to bind ligands. In contrast, the role of the SRCR domain of MARCO in phagocytosis, adhesion and pro-inflammatory signaling is less clear. The discovery of a naturally occurring transcript variant lacking the SRCR domain, MARCOII, provided the opportunity to study the role of the SRCR domain of MARCO. We tested whether the SRCR domain is required for ligand binding, promoting downstream signaling and enhancing cellular adhesion. Unlike cells expressing full-length MARCO, ligand binding was abolished in MARCOII-expressing cells. Furthermore, co-expression of MARCO and MARCOII impaired phagocytic function, indicating that MARCOII acts as a dominant-negative variant. Unlike MARCO, expression of MARCOII did not enhance Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling in response to bacterial stimulation. MARCO-expressing cells were more adherent and exhibited a dendritic-like phenotype, whereas MARCOII-expressing cells were less adherent and did not exhibit changes in morphology. These data suggest the SRCR domain of MARCO is the key domain in modulating ligand binding, enhancing downstream pro-inflammatory signaling and MARCO-mediated cellular adhesion.
Optical high-sensitive field sensor using a Pockels crystal (1992)

The sensitivity of an optical field sensor with a Pockels crystal of LiNbO3 for measuring a field distribution in a long-gap discharge has been much improved by using an intensity difference method with an intensity-modulated laser beam. The signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is also improved by 37 dB from that without the above-mentioned method. The resultant sensitivity of the new field measuring system is 100 times higher than that of the previous one. Finally, it is possible to measure an electric field down to 7.5 V/cm in the long-gap discharge with high accuracy corresponding to the S/N ratio of 20 dB and 1.5 V/cm with the accuracy of 6.0 dB.