gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A sliding‐window weighted linkage disequilibrium test (2006)

Multilocus linkage disequilibrium (LD) tests that consider inter-marker (LD) are more powerful than single-locus tests when disease etiology is contributed simultaneously by several linked and correlated loci. However, inclusion of redundant non-informative markers may result in reduced testing power and/or inflated false-positive rate, therefore selection of proper marker sets is important in such tests. We introduce a unified LD test based on a convenient marker-selection procedure (sliding window) combined with an adjustment approach (marker weighting) to dilute the impact of nuisance markers on tests. The proposed procedure includes several conventional p-value combination methods as its special cases. Simulation studies were performed to evaluate the impact of inclusion of nuisance markers and performance of the procedure. The results showed that testing power was often inversely proportional to the quantity of nuisance markers. Among a class of p-value combination methods, the product p-value method had the highest testing power. P-value truncation somewhat reduced the testing power but controlled the false-positive rate well. Compared with conventional unweighted approaches, the weighted strategy alleviated the false-positive rate and/or increased testing power when nuisance markers were included. Analyses of two authentic data sets for psoriasis and Alzheimer's disease using our proposed method confirmed previous findings.
BIOGENESIS OF D-4-AMINO-3-ISOXAZOLIDONE AND O-CARBAMYL-D-SERINE (1963)

It was observed that Streptomyces sp. No. 3558 produced D-4-amino-3-isoxazolidone and 0-carbamyl-D-serine simultaneously. The production of 0-carbamyl-D-serine occurred earlier than that of D-4-amino-3-isoxazolidone in the fermentation process.0-Carbamyl-D-serine was not converted into D-4-amino-3-isoxazolidone by the cells of the Streptomyces. The use of 14C-labelled 0-carbamyl-D-serine also showed that it was not significantly incorporated into the isoxazolidone molecule by the growing cells.Either DL-serine-3-14C or glycine-14C (U) was significantly incorporated into 0-carbamyl-D-serine and D-4-amino-3-isoxazolidone in the biosynthetic process. D-Glucose-14C (U) was also biosynthetically converted into 0-carbamyl-D-serine.A plausible pathway in the biosynthesis of these two antibiotics is presented.
Effect of MHC and non-MHC donor/recipient genetic disparity on the outcome of allogeneic HCT (2012)

The outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is influenced by donor/recipient genetic disparity at loci both inside and outside the MHC on chromosome 6p. Although disparity at loci within the MHC is the most important risk factor for the development of severe GVHD, disparity at loci outside the MHC that encode minor histocompatibility (H) antigens can elicit GVHD and GVL activity in donor/recipient pairs who are otherwise genetically identical across the MHC. Minor H antigens are created by sequence and structural variations within the genome. The enormous variation that characterizes the human genome suggests that the total number of minor H loci is probably large and ensures that all donor/recipient pairs, despite selection for identity at the MHC, will be mismatched for many minor H antigens. In addition to mismatch at minor H loci, unrelated donor/recipient pairs exhibit genetic disparity at numerous loci within the MHC, particularly HLA-DP, despite selection for identity at HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1. Disparity at HLA-DP exists in 80% of unrelated pairs and clearly influences the outcome of unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation; the magnitude of this effect probably exceeds that associated with disparity at any locus outside the MHC.
Regulatory elements within the agropine synthase promoter of T-DNA (1989)

DNA sequences involved in the expression of the agropine synthase gene (ags) of T-DNA were identified by analysis of transcriptional activity of promoter mutants in crown gall tumors of sunflower. Precise quantification of activity was achieved using a homologous reference gene as an internal standard. Analysis of 5'-deletion mutants demonstrated the requirement of 314 base pairs of upstream DNA sequences for optimal activity. Five regions involved in transcriptional regulation were identified in the 5'-flanking sequences between positions -74 and -314. Four of these regions make a positive contribution to promoter activity, and the fifth exerts a negative influence. The TATA motif (-26 to -33) and the TATA proximal domain (-74 to -105), which contains two sequences similar to the mammalian CCAAT box, are the major determinants of promoter activity. The two TATA distal domains A and B are separated by a negative element (-166 to -205) which may attenuate promoter strength by distancing the TATA distal domain B (-206 to -314 base pairs) from downstream components of the promoter. The TATA distal domain B contains the a/b repeat first described in the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter and was unable to support transcription in the absence of elements within the TATA proximal domain.
GABA Receptors: Pharmacological Potential and Pitfalls (2015)

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, plays a key role in the regulation of neuronal transmission throughout the brain, affecting numerous physiological and psychological processes. Changes in GABA levels provoke disbalance between excitatory and inhibitory signals, and are involved in the development of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. GABA exerts its effects via ionotropic (GABAA) and metabotropic (GABAB) receptors. Both types of receptors are targeted by many clinically important drugs that affect GABAergic function and are widely used in the treatment of anxiety disorder, epilepsy, insomnia, spasticity, aggressive behaviour, and other pathophysiological conditions and diseases. Of particular importance are drugs that modulate GABAA receptor complex, such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, neuroactive steroids, intravenous and inhalational anesthetics, and ethanol. Molecular interactions and subsequent pharmacological effects induced by drugs acting at GABAA receptors are extremely complex due to structural heterogeneity of GABAA receptors and existence of numerous allosterically interconnected binding sites and various chemically distinct ligands that are able to bound to them. There is a growing interest in the development and application of subtype-selective drugs that will achieve specific therapeutic benefits without undesirable side effects. The aim of this review is to briefly summarize the key pharmacological properties of GABA receptors, and to present selected novel findings with the potential to open new perspectives in the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
SYSTEMIC TGF-BETA1 GENE THERAPY INDUCES CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+ REGULATORY T CELLS, RESTORES SELF-TOLERANCE AND FACILITATES ISLET REGENERATION IN OVERTLY DIABETIC NOD MICE (2004)

O251* Aims: Type 1 diabetes results from autoaggressive T cell mediated destruction of insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas. Recent data support the idea that restoration of self-tolerance may facilitate islet cell regeneration/recovery. In view of the potent immunoregulatory activity of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1), we explored the hypothesis that systemic TGF-β1 therapy restores self-tolerance, facilitates islet regeneration and cures autoimmune diabetes. Methods: We designed and constructed a replication deficient adenovirus (Ad) vector encoding the active form of human TGF-β1 and tested the hypothesis that systemic TGF-β1 gene therapy restores self-tolerance and facilitates islet regeneration in the NOD model. Overtly diabetic NOD mice received intravenous injection of Ad.AH.TGF-β1 at a dose of 5x1010 particle units and seven to fourteen days after the injection, the mice were transplanted with 500-600 syngeneic islets under the kidney capsule. Results: Hyperglycemia occurred by day 17 in all untreated NOD mice whereas 50% of syngeneic grafts functioned until day 60 in the NOD mice treated with Ad.AH.TGF-β1. Analysis of retrieved islet grafts showed well-preserved islets with a peri-islet infiltrate primarily of CD4+ T cells and expression of CD25 and Foxp3. Staining for IFN-γ was negative whereas TGF-β1 and IL-10, and PD-L1 and PD-L2 all showed heightened expression. Having demonstrated that Ad.AH.TGF-β1 protects syngeneic islet grafts, we investigated whether systemic TGF-β1 gene therapy is associated with islet regeneration in the native pancreas. Thus, we removed the long-term functioning syngeneic islet grafts and examined whether the mice remained normoglycemic; we also removed the endogenous pancreas and examined the status of native islets. Normoglycemia was observed in 66% of the mice despite removal of the syngeneic islet grafts suggesting recovery of endogenous islet function upon treatment with Ad.AH.TGF-β1. Examination of the native pancreas revealed scattered islets, among pancreatic exocrine tissues, with intact islet structures (panel A). There were few intra-islet cellular infiltrates. However, similar to what was found in the syngeneic islet graft, there were well-demarcated lymphocytic infiltrates on the periphery of the islets without invasion of the islets themselves (Panel A. Peri-insulitis but not insulitis). Moreover, the intact islets stained strongly for insulin (Panel B) providing definitive evidence for functional restoration of endogenous beta cells.FigureConclusions: Our data demonstrate that systemic TGF-beta1 gene restores self-tolerance and facilitates islet regeneration in previously diabetic NOD mice. Our studies support the idea that in-vivo expansion of CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells is an effective strategy for constraining established islet directed autoimmunity and curing type 1 diabetes.
Mutational Analysis of the OprM Outer Membrane Component of the MexA-MexB-OprM Multidrug Efflux System of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2001)

OprM is the outer membrane component of the MexA-MexB-OprM efflux system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Multiple-sequence alignment of this protein and its homologues identified several regions of high sequence conservation that were targeted for site-directed mutagenesis. Of several deletions which were stably expressed, two, spanning residues G199 to A209 and A278 to N286 of the mature protein, were unable to restore antibiotic resistance in OprM-deficient strains of P. aeruginosa. Still, mutation of several conserved residues within these regions did not adversely affect OprM function. Mutation of the highly conserved N-terminal cysteine residue, site of acylation of this presumed lipoprotein, also did not affect expression or activity of OprM. Similarly, substitution of the OprM lipoprotein signal, including consensus lipoprotein box, with the signal peptide of OprF, the major porin of this organism, failed to impact on expression or activity. Apparently, acylation is not essential for OprM function. A large deletion at the N terminus, from A12 to R98, compromised OprM expression to some extent, although the deletion derivative did retain some activity. Several deletions failed to yield an OprM protein, including one lacking an absolutely conserved LGGGW sequence near the C terminus of the protein. The pattern of permissive and nonpermissive deletions was used to test a topology model for OprM based on the recently published crystal structure of the OprM homologue, TolC (V. Koronakis, A. Sharff, E. Koronakis, B. Luisi, and C. Hughes, Nature 405:914-919, 2000). The data are consistent with OprM monomer existing as a substantially periplasmic protein with four outer membrane-spanning regions.
An automatic translation system of non-segmented Kana sentences into Kanji-Kana sentences (1980)

Article Free AccessAn automatic translation system of non-segmented Kana sentences into Kanji-Kana sentences Share on Authors: Hiroshi Makino Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Osaka University, Osaka, JapanView Profile , Makoto Kizawa University of Library and Information Science, Ibaraki-ken, Japan University of Library and Information Science, Ibaraki-ken, JapanView Profile Authors Info & Claims COLING '80: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Computational linguisticsSeptember 1980 Pages 295–302https://doi.org/10.3115/990174.990228Published:30 September 1980 2citation132DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads132Last 12 Months16Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Financial indicators and growth in a cross section of countries (1992)

The authors use existing measures of the financial system - and construct many new measures - to document the relationship between the financial system and long-run growth in a cross-section of countries between 1960 and 1989. They consider various measures of the size of the financial system, the importance of different financial institutions, the financial system's allocation of credit, the financial system's efficiency, and the degree of financial repression. They use graphs, correlations, and regressions to gauge the robustness of the partial correlation between growth and the financial indicators. They also examine two channels through which financial indicators may be linked to growth: the share of GDP allocated to investment; and the efficiency with which resources are used. They find that many of the financial system indicators are significantly correlated with growth through both investment and efficiency. Moreover, many of these partial correlations remain strong after controlling for initial conditions, dummy variables for Africa and Latin America, and measures of monetary, fiscal, and trade performance. Their analysis suggests that it is empirically important to identify which financial intermediaries aredoing the intermediation and to whom the financial system is allocating credit rather than simply using proxies for the overall size of the financial system, as has been common in past studies.
Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) on gastric ulcer production in pylorus ligated rats. (1995)

Intraperitoneal injection of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor, captopril, reduced significantly (P < 0.001), the production of gastric ulcers in pylorus-ligated albino rats, compared to the control groups, irrespective of the dose schedule--single or quadruple. In the light of evidence available in the literature, it is reasonable to hypothesise that the anti-ulcer effect of captopril may be mediated through prostaglandins.
Operation of a quantum dot in the finite-state machine mode: Single-electron dynamic memory (2016)

A single electron dynamic memory is designed based on the non-equilibrium dynamics of charge states in electrostatically defined metallic quantum dots. Using the orthodox theory for computing the transfer rates and a master equation, we model the dynamical response of devices consisting of a charge sensor coupled to either a single and or a double quantum dot subjected to a pulsed gate voltage. We show that transition rates between charge states in metallic quantum dots are characterized by an asymmetry that can be controlled by the gate voltage. This effect is more pronounced when the switching between charge states corresponds to a Markovian process involving electron transport through a chain of several quantum dots. By simulating the dynamics of electron transport we demonstrate that the quantum box operates as a finite-state machine that can be addressed by choosing suitable shapes and switching rates of the gate pulses. We further show that writing times in the ns range and retention memory times six orders of magnitude longer, in the ms range, can be achieved on the double quantum dot system using experimentally feasible parameters, thereby demonstrating that the device can operate as a dynamic single electron memory.
Preparation of open tubular columns for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of open tubular columns for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographyAntonio L. Crego, Jose C. Diez-Masa, and Manuel V. DabrioCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 11, 1615–1621Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00059a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00059a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views323Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Near-Field Microscopy Through a SiC Superlens (2006)

The wave nature of light limits the spatial resolution in classical microscopy to about half of the illumination wavelength. Recently, a new approach capable of achieving subwavelength spatial resolution, called superlensing, was invented, challenging the already established method of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). We combine the advantages of both techniques and demonstrate a novel imaging system where the objects no longer need to be in close proximity to a near-field probe, allowing for optical near-field microscopy of subsurface objects at sub-wavelength-scale lateral resolution.
Calculating Interior Daylight Illumination with a Programmable Hand Calculator (1981)

A procedure is described for calculating interior daylight illumination using an inexpensive programmable hand calculator. The proposed procedure calculates illumination at any point within a room utilizing sky luminance distribution functions that are consistent with the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) Overcast and Clear Sky functions. This procedure separates the light reaching the point being considered into three components, these being (a) light directly from the sky, (b) light after being reflected from external, and (c) internal surfaces. Finally, two examples are presented in order to demonstrate the proposed procedure and indicate the speed with which the calculations may be performed.
Chemotaxis of fluorescent <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. to soybean seed exudates <i>in vitro</i> and in soil (1985)

Five seed-colonizing fluorescent Pseudomonas strains (RW1 to RW5) exhibited chemotaxis toward soybean seed exudates in 1-μL capillaries held for 30 min in an 8.0 log colony-forming units/mL bacterial suspension over the temperature range of 9 to 41 °C. Dialysis (6000 molecular weight cut-off) of exudate nullified its attractiveness to RW1; heating (121 °C, 15 min) of exudate had no effect. Several amino acids present in exudate induced a chemotactic response by RW1, and asparagine, threonine, and valine at levels in exudate were as attractive as exudate. No chemotaxis by RW1 was observed toward sugars present in exudate. RW1 to RW5 actively migrated 1 cm toward soybean seeds in soil as demonstrated by a new method. A nonmotile mutant of RW3 did not migrate in soil and no significant migration by strains was observed when no seed or exudate was present. It is suggested that chemotaxis of Pseudomonas toward seed exudates may be the first step in establishment of bacterial seed and root colonization in soil.
Energetic Nitrogen‐Rich Salts and Ionic Liquids (2006)

Energetic salts offer many advantages over conventional energetic molecular compounds. The use of nitrogen containing anions and cations contributes to high heats of formations and high densities. Their low carbon and hydrogen content gives rise to a good oxygen balance. The decomposition of these compounds is predominantly through the generation of dinitrogen which makes them very promising candidates for highly energetic materials for industrial or military applications.
Fault-tolerant clock synchronization for embedded distributed multi-cluster systems (2004)

When time-triggered (TT) systems are to be deployed for large embedded real-time (RT) control systems in cars and airplanes, one way to overcome bandwidth limitations and achieve complexity reduction is the organization in clusters of strongly interacting computing nodes with well-defined interfaces. In this case, clock synchronization of different cluster times supports meaningful exchange of time-related data between clusters and allows coordinated control. This paper addresses fault-tolerant clock synchronization of clusters for TT systems that are already internally synchronized. By addressing systematic and stochastic errors of cluster times differently, the influence of systematic errors is eliminated and the quality of synchronization only depends on stochastic errors. Since systematic errors of cluster times are at least an order of magnitude larger than stochastic errors for typical RT embedded control systems, the presented algorithm achieves a significant improvement to known synchronization algorithms. An implementation of the proposed clock synchronization algorithm on top of the Time-Triggered Architecture and experiments show that synchronization is achieved with accuracy values of less than one microsecond.
200°C high-temperature and high-speed operation of 440 V lateral IGBTs on 1.5 μm thick SOI (2002)

This paper experimentally verifies that high-voltage lateral IGBTs fabricated on SOI of less than 5 /spl mu/m exhibit high switching speed without the need for any special device design. This paper also verifies, for the first time, that thin SOI is a promising candidate for 200/spl deg/C high-temperature operation, because switching speed does not deteriorate at high temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel 4-aminoquinoline analogues as antimalarial agents: A review (2011)

Malaria remains the worlds’ most devastating human parasitic infection, afflicting 500 million people and causing from 1.7-2.5 million deaths each year globally. 4-aminoquinoline drugs are highly effective and rapidly acting agents against asexual erythrocytic stages of malaria parasites mainly P. vivax and P. falciparum responsible for l ife threatening clinical manifestations and severity of the disease. However, development of re sistance of malaria parasites, especially P. falciparum towards CQ (the most potent and less tox ic 4-aminoquinoline drug) has limited its use in the treatment of malaria. The present review art icle depicted the antimalarial activity of novel series of 4-aminoquinoline structural analogues aga inst different CQ-sensitive as well as CQresistant strains of Plasmodium species especially P. falciparum.