gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Climbing fibre induced depression of both mossy fibre responsiveness and glutamate sensitivity of cerebellar Purkinje cells (1982)

1. In high decerebrate rabbits, cells were sampled extracellularly from the rostral flocculus. Purkinje cells were identified by their characteristic responses to stimulation of the contralateral inferior olive. Identification of basket cells was based on the absence of olivary responses and also on their location in the molecular layer adjacent to identified Purkinje cells. Mass field potentials in the flocculus were also studied.2. Single pulse stimulation of a vestibular nerve, either ipsilateral or contralateral, at a rate of 2/sec excited Purkinje cells with a latency of 3-6 msec. This early excitation represents activation through vestibular mossy fibres, granule cells and their axons (parallel fibres). Similar early excitation also occurred in putative basket cells.3. Conjunctive stimulation of a vestibular nerve at 20/sec and the inferior olive at 4/sec, for 25 sec per trial, effectively depressed the early excitation of Purkinje cells by that nerve, without an associated change in spontaneous discharge. The depression recovered in about ten minutes. This recovery was followed by the onset of a slow depression lasting for an hour.4. Conjunctive vestibular-olivary stimulation produced no such depression in the following responses: early excitation in Purkinje cells induced from the vestibular nerve not involved in the conjunctive stimulation; early excitation in putative basket cells from either vestibular nerve; inhibition or rebound facilitation in Purkinje cells following the early excitation; vestibular-evoked field potentials in the granular layer and white matter of the flocculus. These observations lead to the conclusion that the depression occurs specifically at parallel fibre-Purkinje cell synapses involved in conjunctive stimulation.5. Ionophoretic application of glutamate to Purkinje cells in conjunction with 4/sec olivary stimulation depressed the glutamate sensitivity of Purkinje cells; aspartate sensitivity was depressed to a much lesser degree. The depression diminished in about 10 min, but this recovery was succeeded by a slow depression lasting for an hour. The depression was seen only when glutamate sensitivity was relatively high, suggesting that the micro-electrode was impinging onto Purkinje cell dendrites. These observations suggest that subsynaptic chemosensitivity of Purkinje cells to the putative neurotransmitter of parallel fibres is involved in the depression observed after conjunctive stimulation of a vestibular nerve and the inferior olive.6. The present results are consistent with the Marr-Albus assumption concerning plasticity of cerebellar neuronal networks.
Jacqueline Ann Rouse, Lugenia Burns Hope: Black Southern Reformer (1990)

In repeated measures settings, modeling the correlation pattern of the data can be immensely important for proper analyses. Accurate inference requires proper choice of the correlation model. Optimal efficiency of the estimation procedure demands a parsimonious parameterization of the correlation structure, with sufficient sensitivity to detect the range of correlation patterns that may occur. Many repeated measures settings have within-subject correlation decreasing exponentially in time or space. Among the variety of correlation patterns available for this context, the continuous-time first-order autoregressive correlation structure, denoted AR(1), sees the most utilization. Despite its wide use, the AR(1) structure often poorly gauges within-subject correlations that decay at a slower or faster rate than required by the AR(1) model. To address this deficiency we propose a two-parameter generalization of the continuous-time AR(1) model, termed the linear exponent autoregressive (LEAR) correlation structure, which accommodates much slower and much faster decay patterns. Special cases of the LEAR family include the AR(1), compound symmetry, and first-order moving average correlation structures. Excellent analytic, numerical, and statistical properties help make the LEAR structure a valuable addition to the suite of parsimonious correlation models for repeated measures data. Both medical imaging data concerning neonate neurological development and longitudinal data concerning diet and hypertension [DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) study] exemplify the utility of the LEAR correlation structure.
Low-temperature synthesis of solid-solution BaxSr1−xTiO3 nanocrystals (2010)

The very low-temperature synthesis (20–80 °C) of sub-15 nm BaxSr1−xTiO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanocrystals and characterization of their dielectric properties as a function of composition are reported. A series of BaxSr1−xTiO3 nanocrystals were synthesized under ultrabenign conditions (i.e., low temperatures, ambient pressure and neutral pH) using a vapor diffusion sol–gel technique, whereby water is slowly diffused into a mixture of bimetallic alkoxides to yield the solid-solution nanocrystals in quantitative yield on the gram scale. The unsintered 12 nm Ba0.69Sr0.31TiO3 nanocrystals synthesized at 20 °C possess a maximized dielectric constant (ε′ = 341 at 1 kHz) for the solid solution series, and is more than an order of magnitude greater than the dielectric constant for SrTiO3 (ε′ = 11.0 at 1 kHz). The observed non-monotonic dependence of the dielectric constant on solid solution composition for these small nanocrystals is consistent with theoretical and empirical studies for bulk BaxSr1−xTiO3 ceramics, proving this dielectric effect holds for small nanocrystals.
The Thromboplastin Generation Test (1953)

Collection of Blood.-Venous blood is collected from a normal subject and the patient under investi- gation. Part of each sample is citrated by adding 1 part of 3.8% sodium citrate to 9 parts of blood. The plasma is separated after centrifuging at 2,000 r.p.m. for 15 minutes. Five millilitres of blood will suffice for the thromboplastin-generation test.
Comparative Performance Analysis of Image Compression by JPEG 2000: A Case Study on Medical Images (2005)

JPEG 2000 is a new and improved, image-coding standard developed for compression of images. JPEG 2000 is the state-of-the-art image-coding standard that resulted from the joint efforts of the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU); JPEG in JPEG 2000 is an acronym for Joint Picture Experts Group. The new standard outperforms the older JPEG standard by approximately 2 dB of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) for several images across all compression ratios. Reasons behind JPEG 2000 is superior performance are the wavelet transform and Embedded Block Coding with Optimal Truncation (EBCOT). This study describes the performance comparison of JPEG 2000 against its predecessor JPEG, by evaluating image compressions for medical images. The present research further describes the most important parameters of this new standard in order to help resolve design tradeoffs.
A Short Total Synthesis of Kuehneromycin A (2000)

Only eleven steps were needed to synthesize kuehneromycin A (1) which inhibits reverse transcriptase (see picture). Key steps are a new variant of the Baylis–Hillman reaction, an endo-selective intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction, and a new protocol for the Parikh–Doering oxidation. TBDPS=tert-butyldiphenylsilyl.
Prediction of Crude Oil Properties and Chemical Composition by Means of Steady-State and Time-Resolved Fluorescence (2011)

Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements are reported for several crude oils and their saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) fractions (saturates, aromatics and resins), isolated from maltene after pentane precipitation of the asphaltenes. There is a clear relationship between the American Petroleum Institute (API) grade of the crude oils and their fluorescence emission intensity and maxima. Dilution of the crude oil samples with cyclohexane results in a significant increase of emission intensity and a blue shift, which is a clear indication of the presence of energy-transfer processes between the emissive chromophores present in the crude oil. Both the fluorescence spectra and the mean fluorescence lifetimes of the three SARA fractions and their mixtures indicate that the aromatics and resins are the major contributors to the emission of crude oils. Total synchronous fluorescence scan (TSFS) spectral maps are preferable to steady-state fluorescence spectra for discriminating between the fractions, making TSFS maps a particularly interesting choice for the development of fluorescence-based methods for the characterization and classification of crude oils. More detailed studies, using a much wider range of excitation and emission wavelengths, are necessary to determine the utility of time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) data for this purpose. Preliminary models constructed using TSFS spectra from 21 crude oil samples show a very good correlation (R2 > 0.88) between the calculated and measured values of API and the SARA fraction concentrations. The use of models based on a fast fluorescence measurement may thus be an alternative to tedious and time-consuming chemical analysis in refineries.
Retaining and Exploring Online Remains on YouTube (2012)

The paper presents a method and a collection of techniques for conducting virtual excavations in online social networking services. YouTube and its Data API are used as a case study of a virtual settlement. The objective is to assess not only what is retained by YouTube but also what sense can be made of a designated set of YouTube online remains. The research focuses on defining, capturing and transforming digital trace data into interactive visualizations that unlock crucial dynamics of online activity.
Fluid Flow Around and Heat Transfer From Elliptical Cylinders: Analytical Approach (2005)

An integral method of boundary-layer analysis is employed to derive closed-form expressions for the calculation of total drag and average heat transfer for flow across an elliptical cylinder under isothermal and isoflux thermal boundary conditions. The Von Karman-Pohlhausen integral method is used to solve the momentum and energy equations for both thermal boundary conditions. A fourth-order velocity profile in the hydrodynamic boundary layer and a third-order temperature profile in the thermal boundary layer are used. The present results are in good agreement with existing experimental/numerical data and, in the limiting cases, can be used for circular cylinders and finite plates. Nomenclature a = semimajor axis of elliptical cylinder, m b = semiminor axis of elliptical cylinder, m C D = total drag coefficient C D f = friction drag coefficient C D p = pressure drag coefficient C f = skin friction coefficient, ≡ 2τw/ρU 2 app
Osteoinductive biomaterials—properties and relevance in bone repair (2007)

The need for bone tissue regeneration is continuously expanding due to the improvement of life quality and the consequent increase in life expectancy. Although natural bone grafts have shown excellent clinical successes, their use is associated with some important drawbacks, limited availability being one of the most important. Cell- and growth-factor based tissue engineering provides a promising alternative to natural bone grafts; however, the performance of tissue-engineered constructs often depends on the used carrier. An important challenge in the field of bone regeneration is the development of synthetic bone graft substitutes that are "intelligent" in that they are able to instruct the in vivo environment to form bone. A group of potentially "intelligent" bone graft substitutes are osteoinductive biomaterials. In this paper, background on the phenomenon of osteoinduction and an overview of synthetic biomaterials with osteoinductive potential are given. Furthermore, we elaborate on physicochemical properties of biomaterials that are of influence on their osteoinductive potential. Finally, we discuss the relevance of osteoinductivity of biomaterials in the repair of clinically relevant bone defects.
Identification of the Structure and Origin of Thioacidolysis Marker Compounds for Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Angiosperms (2002)

Molecular marker compounds, derived from lignin by the thioacidolysis degradative method, for cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) deficiency in angiosperms have been structurally identified as indene derivatives. They are shown to derive from hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes that have undergone 8-O-4-cross-coupling during lignification. As such, they are valuable markers for ascertaining plant responses to various levels of CAD down-regulation. Their derivation illustrates that hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes incorporate into angiosperm lignins by endwise coupling reactions in much the same way as normal monolignols do, suggesting that the hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes should be considered authentic lignin precursors.
Applications of single-qubit rotations in quantum public-key cryptography (2008)

We discuss cryptographic applications of single-qubit rotations from the perspective of trapdoor one-way functions and public-key encryption. In particular, we present an asymmetric cryptosystem whose security relies on fundamental principles of quantum physics. A quantum public key is used for the encryption of messages while decryption is possible by means of a classical private key only. The trapdoor one-way function underlying the proposed cryptosystem maps integer numbers to quantum states of a qubit and its inversion can be infeasible by virtue of the Holevo's theorem.
Circulating soluble CR1 (CD35). Serum levels in diseases and evidence for its release by human leukocytes. (1993)

C receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35) is present in a soluble form in plasma (sCR1). Soluble CR1 was measured with a specific ELISA assay in normal individuals and in patients with different diseases. The mean serum concentration of sCR1 in 31 normal donors was 31.4 +/- 7.8 ng/ml, and was identical in plasma. An increase in sCR1 was observed in 36 patients with end-stage renal failure on dialysis (54.8 +/- 11.7 ng/ml, p < 0.0001), and in 22 patients with liver cirrhosis (158.3 +/- 49.9 ng/ml, p < 0.0001). The mean sCR1 levels dropped from 181 +/- 62.7 to 52.1 +/- 24.0 ng/ml (p < 0.001) in nine patients who underwent liver transplantation, and was 33.5 +/- 7.3 in 10 patients with functioning renal grafts, indicating that the increase in sCR1 was reversible. Soluble CR1 was elevated in some hematologic malignancies (> 47 ng/ml), which included B cell lymphoma (12/19 patients), Hodgkin's lymphoma (4/4), and chronic myeloproliferative syndromes (4/5). By contrast, no increase was observed in acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemia (10) or myeloma (5). In two patients with chronic myeloproliferative syndromes, sCR1 decreased rapidly after chemotherapy. The mean concentration of sCR1 was not significantly modified in 181 HIV-infected patients at various stages of the disease (34.8 +/- 14.4 ng/ml), and in 13 patients with active SLE (38.3 +/- 19.6 ng/ml), although in both groups the number of CR1 was diminished on E. There was a weak but significant correlation between sCR1 and CR1 per E in HIV infection and SLE (r = 0.39, p < 0.0001, and r = 0.60, p < 0.03 respectively). In vitro, monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were found to release sCR1 into culture supernatants. In vivo, sCR1 was detected in the serum of SCID mice populated with human peripheral blood leukocytes. The sCR1 levels correlated with those of human IgG (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001), suggesting synthesis of sCR1 by the transferred lymphocytes. The mechanisms underlining the increased levels of sCR1 and its biologic consequences remain to be defined.
Possible Mechanisms of Fullerene C<sub><b>60</b></sub>Antioxidant Action (2013)

Novel mechanism of antioxidant activity of buckminsterfullerene C₆₀ based on protons absorbing and mild uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration and phosphorylation was postulated. In the present study we confirm this hypothesis using computer modeling based on Density Functional Theory. Fullerene's geroprotective activity is sufficiently higher than those of the most powerful reactive oxygen species scavengers. We propose here that C₆₀ has an ability to acquire positive charge by absorbing inside several protons and this complex could penetrate into mitochondria. Such a process allows for mild uncoupling of respiration and phosphorylation. This, in turn, leads to the decrease in ROS production.
Fracture Toughness Analysis of Advanced Ceramic Composite for Hip Prosthesis (2009)

The fracture behavior of a zirconia‐toughened alumina‐matrix composite (added with small amounts of mixed oxides) for ceramic hip joint prostheses has been evaluated with emphasis placed on the effect of environmental surface degradation in moist environment. Accelerated aging tests were performed up to 300 h in an autoclave operating at 121°C (under 0.1 MPa pressure) in vapor environment, which represents a quite severe environmental testing condition. Besides conventional fracture mechanics characterizations, including different types of fracture toughness test, microscopic insight into the effect of environmental surface degradation on toughness could be obtained according to Raman and fluorescence microprobe spectroscopy. The main outcomes of this study were as follows: (i) after 10‐h autoclaving (according to ISO standard recommendation) no significant change of monoclinic volume fraction and fracture toughness could be detected; (ii) after very long exposure time (300 h) the monoclinic phase content increased and the surface fracture toughness decreased by approximately 30%, although it was still above the toughness level of pure alumina; and (iii) the bulk toughness was unaffected by autoclave exposure, independent of exposure time elongation.
A New Folding Paradigm for Repeat Proteins (2005)

The folding/unfolding transitions of a series of designed consensus tetratricopeptide repeat proteins are quantitatively described by the classical one-dimensional Ising model, which thus represents a new folding paradigm for repeat proteins. Moreover, for the first time for any protein, a theoretical model predicts the folding/unfolding transition midpoint and the width of the transition.
Coherent Doppler narrowing in a thin vapor cell: Observation of the Dicke regime in the optical domain (1998)

Single light beam transmission spectroscopy in an ultrathin dilute vapor cell (10--100 \ensuremath{\mu}m) reveals sub-Doppler features. Indeed, atoms with fast (normal) velocity undergo a short interaction between the cell walls, and are shown to be less absorbing because they have not reached their steady state of interaction with light. The effect is observed in the linear-response regime with a simple two-level system, as ensured from the ultralow level of light irradiation ($<~1\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ for the Cs ${D}_{2}$ line). The effect, known for a long time in the microwave domain, is demonstrated here in the optical domain, and is extended to cell thicknesses large relative to the optical wavelength.
Area Correlation Techniques In Remotely Piloted Vehicle Guidance, (1979)

Area correlation techniques are applied to the long-range remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) attack mission in both mid-course and terminal guidance phases. The mid-course guidance consists of a set of navigation fixes at waypoints along a preprogrammed route. The terminal guidance for weapon delivery incorporates a technique of compensation for magnification during range closure via a zoom lens. This report also presents simulations of both phases of guidance, using the sequential similarity detection algorithm as the image correlator. (Author)
The fluorescent protein palette: tools for cellular imaging (2009)

This critical review provides an overview of the continually expanding family of fluorescent proteins (FPs) that have become essential tools for studies of cell biology and physiology. Here, we describe the characteristics of the genetically encoded fluorescent markers that now span the visible spectrum from deep blue to deep red. We identify some of the novel FPs that have unusual characteristics that make them useful reporters of the dynamic behaviors of proteins inside cells, and describe how many different optical methods can be combined with the FPs to provide quantitative measurements in living systems (227 references).
Socket-Based Design Using Decoupled Interconnects (2006)

Advances in deep sub-micron semiconductor process technologies offer the SoC designer the promise of more functionality than can be realized using existing tightly coupled architectures and EDA tools. As the ability to integrate IP cores increases linearly, the complexity of interconnecting these cores also increases, often geometrically. The overhead in design, integration, and verification of inter-core communications quickly becomes greater than the design savings in using pre-verified functional cores. The solution requires a matching of interconnect implementations to computational blocks. Socket-based design is a design methodology that can greatly reduce the time and effort expended on design and verification of complex SoCs. We will discuss the challenges of tightly coupled design, explain why decoupled interconnect design is essential, define socket-based design; explore the OCP socket specification and give examples of both processor-centric and I/O-centric SoC design using OCP-based sockets and decoupled interconnect cores.
Towards a scalable and robust multi-tenancy SaaS (2010)

Software-as-as-Service (SaaS) is a new approach for developing software, and it is characterized by its multi-tenancy architecture and its ability to provide flexible customization to individual tenant. However, the multi-tenancy architecture and customization requirements have brought up new issues in software, such as database design, database partition, scalability, recovery, and continuous testing. This paper proposes a hybrid test database design to support SaaS customization with two-layer database partitioning. The database is further extended with a new built-in redundancy with ontology so that the SaaS can recover from ontology, data or meta-data failures. Furthermore, constraints in metadata can be used either as test cases or policies to support SaaS continuous testing and policy enforcement.