gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronic acid‐degrading enzymes in rat alveolar macrophages and in alveolar fluid: stimulation of enzyme activity after oral treatment with the immunomodulator RU 41740 (1988)

RU 41740 (Biostim) is an immunomodulator clinically used for the treatment of chronic bronchitis and recurrent pulmonary infections. In these diseases large amounts of mucus are produced which congest the bronchi. A major glycosaminoglycan constituent of this mucus is hyaluronic acid, one of the largest molecules in nature; its metabolic degradation is carried out by 3 acid hydrolases: hyaluronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and beta-glucuronidase. In the lung these enzymes are especially synthesized and active in alveolar macrophages. It was thus interesting to study the effect of RU 41740 administration on the hyaluronic acid-degrading activity of these cells. This compound was given by gastric gavage to rats and the activities of lung alveolar macrophage and alveolar fluid hyaluronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase as a lysosomal marker were determined. The effect on macrophage proliferation was also examined. The results obtained showed that: (1) unstimulated alveolar macrophages display the remarkable property, compared with other cell types, that hyaluronidase activity is about equally distributed between the inside and the outside of the cell; (2) RU 41740 administration increases the total activity of the 4 enzymes studied in the alveolar macrophages without inducing any increase in the number of macrophages; (3) the intracellular activities of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase are markedly increased, whereas intracellular hyaluronidase activity is not changed. However, in the extracellular fluid only hyaluronidase activity is highly increased; (4) even the lysosomal marker enzyme acid phosphatase has only its intracellular activity increased. This would suggest the possibility that other lysosomal enzymes may also be increased by this immunomodulator.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Bloom Filter-Based Algorithm for Routing in Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks (2015)

In this paper, we present a new protocol for routing in intermittently connected mobile networks that, by periodically exchanging constant-size Counting Bloom filters, assigns to every node in the network probabilities of reaching any destination. The gradients defined by these probabilities are further used to forward data packets towards any node in the network. The proposed protocol is based on two novel operations defined over the Bloom filters, namely, the unary degradation operation that models the loss of topological information as it gets stale or as it is propagated away from the place where it was generated; and the binary addition operation that is used to acquire topological information from other nodes. These two operations are used to implement a probabilistic form of soft state that is defined in terms of the content of the Counting Bloom filters. We present a series of experimental results based on extensive detailed simulations that show that the proposed protocol outperforms the Epidemic routing protocol by delivering more data packets with less delay, while inducing less total overhead in both MANET and VANET scenarios.
Downregulation of zinc finger protein 132 in prostate cancer is associated with aberrant promoter hypermethylation and poor prognosis (2011)

This study investigates the expression and biomarker potential of zinc finger protein 132 (ZNF132) in prostate cancer (PC) by transcriptional profiling and immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays, including tumor specimens from 615 radical prostatectomy (RP) patients and 199 conservatively treated patients. Primary clinical endpoints were time to PSA recurrence and cancer-specific death, respectively. Compared to normal prostate epithelial cells from men without PC, ZNF132 transcript levels were significantly reduced in PC cells from patients with localized PC and further downregulated in metastatic PC. Likewise, ZNF132 protein expression was significantly lower in primary tumors from patients with metastatic compared to localized PC and further reduced in castrate-refractory PC, indicating that ZNF132 downregulation correlates with disease progression. Reduced ZNF132 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with high Gleason score and advanced T stage in both PC patient cohorts. By univariate analysis, no/weak ZNF132 staining was a significant adverse predictor of PSA recurrence after RP (p = 0.024) and cancer-specific death following conservative treatment (p = 0.009). In multivariate models, however, ZNF132 did not add significant independent value to established prognostic factors. Finally, bisulfite sequencing revealed frequent promoter hypermethylation of ZNF132 in both PC cell lines and PC tissue samples, indicating that ZNF132 is epigenetically silenced in PC. In summary, our results show that downregulation of ZNF132 is associated with aggressive PC and furthermore identify ZNF132 as a new candidate methylation marker for PC.
Iterative decoding of coded and interleaved noncoherentmultiple symbol detected DPSK (1997)

A new receiver for coded and interleaved DPSK based on multiple symbol differential detection (MSDD) and iterative (‘turbo’) decoding is proposed. Performance close to that of coherent detection over an AWGN channel is demonstrated by simulations.
NICMOS status and plans (1997)

Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) has been in orbit for about 8 months. This is a report on its current status and future plans. Also included are some comments on particular aspects of data analysis concerning dark subtraction, shading, and removal of cosmic rays. At present NICMOS provides excellent images of high scientific content. Most of the observations utilize cameras 1 and 2 which are in excellent focus. Camera 3 is not yet within the range of the focus adjustment mechanism, but its current images are still quite excellent. In this paper we will present the status of various aspects of the NICMOS instrument.
Scalable Hardware-Based Multicast Trees (2003)

This paper presents an algorithm for implementing optimal hardware-based multicast trees, on networks that provide hardware support for collective communication. Although the proposed methodology can be generalized to a wide class of networks, we apply our methodology to the Quadrics network, a state-of-the-art network that provides hardware-based multicast communication. The proposed mechanism is intended to improve the performance of the collective communication patterns on the network, in those cases where the hardware support can not be directly used, for instance, due to some faulty nodes. This scheme provides significant reduction on multicast latencies compared to the original system primitives, which use multicast trees based on unicast communication. A backtracking algorithm to find the optimal solution to the problem is presented. In addition, a greedy algorithm is presented and shown to provide near optimal solutions. Finally, our experimental results show the good performance and scalability of the proposed multicast tree in comparison to the traditional unicast-based multicast trees. Our multicast mechanism doubles barrier synchronization and broadcasts performance when compared to the production-level MPI library.
Donors for Liver Transplantation (1983)

There is good evidence that the decade of the 1980s will witness an expansion of efforts to transplant extrarenal organs. This will have a profound effect in pediatrics, and particularly in the field of hepatology. The number of infants born with biliary atresia is not known with certainty, but it is likely that there are approximately 500 new cases each year in the United States. The number of lethal hepatic based inborn errors of metabolism that can be effectively treated with liver replacement has steadily grown. Other acquired hepatic disorders are not uncommon in infancy and childhood. If transplantation of the liver (or of the kidney, heart, intestine, pancreas, and possibly other organs) is to reach its full potential, pediatricians will have to be more acutely aware of the need for organs, and will need to collaborate actively in the procurement process.
Possible memory‐enhancing properties of vinpocetine (1988)

Abstract Critical flicker fusion threshold, choice reaction time, total reaction time, and Sternbergtype memory tasks of digits/words were measured in twelve volunteers after having received vinpocetine or placebo for two days. A significant improvement was recorded in the short‐term memory test following 40 mg of the drug when compared to placebo.
Influence of KNO3 Bath Composition on Ion Exchange Process of Commercial Soda Lime Silicate Float Glass (2012)

Influence of KNO3 Bath Composition on Ion Exchange Process of Commercial Soda Lime Silicate Float Glass
A Computer‐Aided Diagnosis System for Breast Cancer Using Independent Component Analysis and Fuzzy Classifier (2008)

Screening mammograms is a repetitive task that causes fatigue and eye strain since for every thousand cases analyzed by a radiologist, only 3–4 are cancerous and thus an abnormality may be overlooked. Computer‐aided detection (CAD) algorithms were developed to assist radiologists in detecting mammographic lesions. In this paper, a computer‐aided detection and diagnosis (CADD) system for breast cancer is developed. The framework is based on combining principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), and a fuzzy classifier to identify and label suspicious regions. This is a novel approach since it uses a fuzzy classifier integrated into the ICA model. Implemented and tested using MIAS database. This algorithm results in the classification of a mammogram as either normal or abnormal. Furthermore, if abnormal, it differentiates it into a benign or a malignant tissue. Results show that this system has 84.03% accuracy in detecting all kinds of abnormalities and 78% diagnosis accuracy.
Influence of phosphorus and nitrogen on celery (1986)

Added phosphorus and nitrogen maintained yields and increased size
2′-Fluoro-modified phosphorothioate oligonucleotide can cause rapid degradation of P54nrb and PSF (2015)

Synthetic oligonucleotides are used to regulate gene expression through different mechanisms. Chemical modifications of the backbone of the nucleic acid and/or of the 2' moiety of the ribose can increase nuclease stability and/or binding affinity of oligonucleotides to target molecules. Here we report that transfection of 2'-F-modified phosphorothioate oligonucleotides into cells can reduce the levels of P54nrb and PSF proteins through proteasome-mediated degradation. Such deleterious effects of 2'-F-modified oligonucleotides were observed in different cell types from different species, and were independent of oligonucleotide sequence, positions of the 2'-F-modified nucleotides in the oligonucleotides, method of delivery or mechanism of action of the oligonucleotides. Four 2'-F-modified nucleotides were sufficient to cause the protein reduction. P54nrb and PSF belong to Drosophila behavior/human splicing (DBHS) family. The third member of the family, PSPC1, was also reduced by the 2'-F-modified oligonucleotides. Preferential association of 2'-F-modified oligonucleotides with P54nrb was observed, which is partially responsible for the protein reduction. Consistent with the role of DBHS proteins in double-strand DNA break (DSB) repair, elevated DSBs were observed in cells treated with 2'-F-modified oligonucleotides, which contributed to severe impairment in cell proliferation. These results suggest that oligonucleotides with 2'-F modifications can cause non-specific loss of cellular protein(s).
Taming reflection (2011)

Static program analyses and transformations for Java face many problems when analyzing programs that use reflection or custom class loaders: How can a static analysis know which reflective calls the program will execute? How can it get hold of classes that the program loads from remote locations or even generates on the fly? And if the analysis transforms classes, how can these classes be re-inserted into a program that uses custom class loaders?
[The effects of drugs on the oral cavity]. (1999)

As shown by the growing numbers of users attending the public drug addiction services, drug abuse is a phenomenon that is constantly spreading. It is important that dentists are aware of the oral problems linked to drug abuse. This study examines the general effects and oral implications of the illegal substances used by the majority of drug addicts. The main dental complications of cannabinoids are the increased incidence of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, the presence of xerostomia and severe gingivitis. Depending on how it is taken, cocaine may cause ischemic necrosis of the palate, inflammation, ulceration and gingival retraction, as well as an increased incidence of bruxism. Hallucinogens have few direct oral effects, but among these it is worth recalling xerostomia, increased bruxism and oral problems linked to malnutrition caused by ecstasy. Turning to the opioids, heroin is the drug primarily used by the majority of drug addicts. Its oral effects mainly take the form of dental decay, showing a particular form and extent linked either directly or indirectly to heroin use. This results in "typical" or "atypical" caries pathologies directly linked to the effects of heroin. Given the extent of this phenomenon, it is important that dentists are aware of the problems linked to drug abuse that they may have to treat.
The gene for human αaL‐lactalbumin is assigned to chromosome 12q13 (1987)

A cDNA clone complementary to the mRNA encoding human alpha-lactalbumin (ALA) has been used as a probe in the analysis of DNA from panels of rodent/human somatic cell hybrids. The presence of the ALA gene correlates with the presence of chromosome 12. In situ hybridization localizes the ALA gene to 12q13.
Widely tunable guided-mode resonance nanoelectromechanical RGB pixels (2007)

Widely tunable display pixels are reported. The pixel consists of a subwavelength silicon-nitride/air membrane containing complementary fixed and mobile gratings. By altering the device refractive index profile and symmetry, using MEMS actuation methods, wavelength tuning across ~100 nm per pixel in the visible spectral region is shown to be possible. Initial results illustrating the influence of structural symmetry, pixel thickness, and polarization on the spectral response are provided. These pixels exhibit ~+/-4 degrees angular acceptance aperture. Applications in compact display systems are envisioned.
A New Method of Direct Mode Motion Compensation in Multiple Picture Prediction (2004)

SUMMARY We propose a new method of direct mode motion compensation for bi-directionally predicted pictures (B-pictures). The proposed direct mode system is utilized in extended multiple picture prediction, in which blocks in B-pictures are encoded by referring to previous B-pictures in addition to I- or P-pictures as forward reference pictures in a multiple picture prediction framework. The proposed direct mode is suitable for extended multiple picture prediction, since it always uses the immediately previous picture as the forward reference picture. In the simulation, our proposed method is implemented in the H.26L codec. The simulation results show that the extended multiple picture prediction employing the proposed direct mode can reduce the bit rate of B-pictures by up to nearly 13% compared to conventional multiple picture prediction under typical encoding conditions. We also evaluate the performance of the proposed direct mode with the extended multiple picture prediction under several different
A Review of the Graphene Synthesis Routes and its Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage (2019)

Graphene – a carbon nanomaterial has gained huge research interest due to its intriguing and extraordinary properties such as large surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, ultra-thinness, high electron mobility, and superior mechanical strength. The combination of graphene with other inorganic nanoparticles can significantly boost its physiochemical properties and hence, opens up new frontiers of its utilization. Grapheneis significantly exploited for the energy storage systems due to its great potential for electrochemical energy storage . However, the experimental electrochemical performance of graphene is still far away from the theoretical facts. This study critically evaluated the existing synthesis routes for the production of graphene, graphene-based composites and their utilization in the energy storage applications. Furthermore, the techno-economic analysis of the synthesis methods was undertaken to determine the best routes in terms of sustainability for commercial graphene production. Lastly, the fundamental understanding of graphene growth mechanisms and the overall intricacies of the synthesis processes were highlighted and the possible way forward is proposed. Therefore, in the quest for the development of effective alternative yet sustainable energy storage devices; it is hoped that this research will give useful insights to researchers and key players in the electronics industry.
Macrocyclic Ethers by Free Radical Cyclizations (1997)

Abstract Tin hydride reduction of ω-iodo-polyoxaalkyl acrylates 1 using syringe pump addition of both reactants to a solution of AIBN in benzene at 80°C afforded the corresponding cyclic polyethers in excellent yields.
Long-Term Survival and Hemodynamics After Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonism and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Rats With Chronic Heart Failure (2002)

In this rat model, long-term combined administration of an ET(A) antagonist and an ACE inhibitor induces additional effects in terms of systemic and cardiac hemodynamics; however, this is not associated with an additional increase in long-term survival.
Effects of Finasteride on Apoptosis and Regulation of the Human Hair Cycle (2002)

Background: A number of studies have provided evidence that apoptosis is a central element in the regulation of hair follicle regression. In androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the exact location and control of key players in the apoptotic pathways remains obscure. Objective: In the present study, we used a panel of antibodies and investigated the spatial and cellular pattern of expression of caspases and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs), such as XIAP and FLIP, in men with normal scalp and in men with AGA before and after 6 months of treatment with 1 mg oral finasteride treatment. Methods and Results: Constitutive expression of caspases-1, −3, −8, and −9 and XIAP was detected predominantly within the isthmic and infundibular hair follicle area, basilar layer of the epidermis, and eccrine and sebaceous glands. AGA-affected tissues showed an increase in caspase (−1, −3, −6, −9) immunoreactivity with a concomitant decrease in XIAP staining. After 6 months of finasteride treatment, both caspases and XIAP were similar to levels exhibited by normal subjects. Immunoblot analysis was performed to determine antibody specificity and cellular expression of caspases. Purified populations of keratinocytes, melanocytes, dermal papilla, and dermal fibroblasts derived from human hair follicles were cultured in vitro and treated with 0.5 μm staurosporin. Time-course experiments revealed that processing of caspase-3 is a principal event during apoptosis of these hair cell types. Conclusion: These data suggest that alterations in levels of caspases and IAPs regulate hair follicle homeostasis. Moreover, finasteride appears to influence caspase and XIAP expression in hair follicle cells thus signaling anagen, active growth in the hair cycle.
Adaptive display power management for OLED displays (2012)

Mobile gaming has become increasingly popular in the past few years with the proliferation of smartphones that have the increased CPU, memory, and network (3.5G etc.) capabilities to support a vast range of interesting games. In addition, these phones also have high quality displays, such as Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) displays, that allow the intricate details in games to be shown in vivid detail to end users. Unfortunately, these displays tend to consume a lot of energy - which in turn limits the amount of time that a user can spend actually playing games on these devices. In this paper, we describe a technique that makes use of saliency, with respect to the end user, to reduce the power consumption of OLED displays when they are used for games, by reducing the brightness of game areas that are not of interest currently to the game player. We evaluated our technique with a user study and showed that even for fast-paced shooting games, our solution is able to save a modest amount of power with no impact in the end user gaming experience.
Observation of inhibited spontaneous emission in a periodic dielectric structure (1990)

Inhibition of the radiative decay of dye molecules embedded in an ordered aqueous suspension of polystyrene spheres has been measured using picosecond pump-probe techniques. The inhibition is interpreted in terms of excluded vacuum modes and compared with results based on the Wigner-Weisskopf formalism and a three-dimensional scattering model for the fcc colloidal structures.
A review on the processing accuracy of two-photon polymerization (2015)

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a powerful and potential technology to fabricate true three-dimensional (3D) micro/nanostructures of various materials with subdiffraction-limit resolution. And it has been applied to microoptics, electronics, communications, biomedicine, microfluidic devices, MEMS and metamaterials. These applications, such as microoptics and photon crystals, put forward rigorous requirements on the processing accuracy of TPP, including the dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy and surface roughness and the processing accuracy influences their performance, even invalidate them. In order to fabricate precise 3D micro/nanostructures, the factors influencing the processing accuracy need to be considered comprehensively and systematically. In this paper, we review the basis of TPP micro/nanofabrication, including mechanism of TPP, experimental set-up for TPP and scaling laws of resolution of TPP. Then, we discuss the factors influencing the processing accuracy. Finally, we summarize the methods reported lately to improve the processing accuracy from improving the resolution and changing spatial arrangement of voxels.
Nano‐ and Microfibrillar Single‐Polymer Composites: A Review (2012)

Abstract A new class of polymer materials is reviewed, the SPCs, in which the matrix and the reinforcement share the same chemical composition. In addition to their milder environmental impact as compared to traditional polymer composites, they show superior mechanical performance mainly due to the improved adhesion between matrix and reinforcement. Another advantage of SPCs is the missing dispersion step in their production, thus contrasting the common polymer nanocomposites. Definition, manufacturing, classification, and the application opportunities of SPCs are described. Special attention is paid on the very new members of the SPC family, the micro‐ and nanofibrillar SPCs, including the techniques for preparation of their starting neat micro‐ and nanofibrils using bulk polymers. magnified image