gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An ultrastructural study of the stellate ganglion of the pig-tailed monkey (Macaca nemestrina). (1989)

The stellate ganglia of Macaca nemestrina were studied with the electron microscope, using the conventional and chromate-dichromate methods of aldehyde fixation. The principal neurons are multipolar and mostly mononucleated. They measure between 10 and 50 microns in their average somal diameters. The organelles of the perikaryon are arranged in perinuclear, intermediate and peripheral zones. Unusual organelles consisting of stacks of closely apposed paired membranes, with or without dense bodies studded on their surfaces, are encountered. Nuclear eccentricity is a regular feature of the neuron and the nuclear membrane shows a varying degree of invagination. All parts of the neurons are surrounded by satellite or Schwann cells though dendritic surfaces in direct contact with the basal lamina associated with the satellite cells are not uncommonly seen. Features peculiar to dendrites have been described. Structures resembling dendritic growth cones are present in abundance. Most synapses are axodendritic; axosomatic synapses are much less frequently encountered. While most synapses are of the simple type, complex types are also present. Desmosome-like junctional complexes exist between dendrites, dendrites and somata and axons and dendrites. Differences between Schwann cells of myelinated axons and those of myelinated axons and satellite cells have been noted. In addition to an abundance of macrophages, other connective tissue cells such as mast cells, fibroblasts and plasma cells are also present. Degenerative profiles observed include neuronal cell bodies and cell processes, especially dendrites. They are phagocytosed by the satellite cells and macrophages. The presence of degenerative profiles, chromatolytic neurons and structures resembling dendritic growth cones in the normal stellate ganglion has been discussed.
Recent Advances of Pico-Tesla Resolution Magneto-Impedance Sensor Based on Amorphous Wire CMOS IC MI Sensor (2012)

We have developed sensitive micro magnetic sensors referred to as MI sensors based on magneto-impedance effect in amorphous wires and CMOS IC electronic circuits providing a sharp-pulse excitation. Micro sized MI-HIC chips have been in mass production of electronic compasses by Aichi Steel Corp. since 2002 for mobile phones and since 2010 for smart phones. Recently we have realized pico-Tesla (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> Oe) resolution for micro MI sensors making use of ultralow intrinsic magnetic noise in amorphous wires with the pulse magnetoimpedance effect. The pico-Tesla MI sensor is useful especially for bio-magnetic measurements without any magnetic shielding at room temperature. In order to avoid a risk of traffic accident due to noise reduction electric vehicles, an alert system for the pedestrians having a smart phone would be useful, if pico-Tesla MI sensor were built in the smart phones.
MEASURED COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY OF WALLS WITH DIFFERENT HYDRATION LEVELS AND THE EFFECT ON POWER ESTIMATION OF TWRI TARGET RETURNS (2011)

In this paper, measured results for complex permittivity of some commonly used building walls under difierent hydration (wetness) levels are presented and a simple hybrid measurement and electromagnetic modeling approach for the estimation of power returns from targets located behind walls in various through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI) scenarios is discussed. The radar cross section (RCS) of some typical targets of interest, such as an AK47 assault ri∞e and human, are flrst investigated in free-space using numerical electromagnetic modeling. A modifled radar range equation, which analytically accounts for the wall efiects, including multiple re∞ections within a given homogeneous or layered wall, is then employed in conjunction with wideband measured parameters of various common wall types, to estimate the received power versus frequency from modeled targets of interest. The proposed technique, which can be helpful in TWRI dynamic-range system design consideration, is, in principle, applicable to both bistatic and monostatic operations. The results for various wall types, including drywall, brick, solid concrete, and cinder block, the latter two under both wet and dry conditions, are presented.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene expression (2000)

This review describes the mechanisms by which polyunsaturated fatty acids regulate the activity of the nuclear transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1, and it describes the role that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 play in coordinating the regulation of lipid synthesis, lipid oxidation, and thermogenesis. Finally, the requirement for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly n-3 fatty acids, is defined in terms of the effects polyunsaturated fatty acids exert on gene expression and the role that these effects play in overall energy balance.
Beyond Data Models for Automated User Interface Generation (2010)

Researchers in the area of automated design of user interfaces have shown that the layout of an interface can, in many cases, be generated from the application's data model using an intelligent program that applies design rules. The specification of interface behavior, however, has not been automated in the same manner, and is mostly a programmatic task. Mecano is a model-based user-interface development environment that extends the notion of automating interface design from data models. Mecano uses a domain model — a highlevel knowledge representation that augments significantly the expressiveness of a data model — to generate automatically both the static layout and the dynamic behavior of an interface. Mecano has been applied successfully to completely generate the layout and the dynamic behavior of relatively large and complex, domain-specific, form- and graph-based interfaces for medical applications and several other domains.
Brain ankyrin. A membrane-associated protein with binding sites for spectrin, tubulin, and the cytoplasmic domain of the erythrocyte anion channel. (1984)

Brain ankyrin was purified from pig brain membranes in milligram quantities by a procedure involving affinity chromatography on erythrocyte spectrinagarose. Brain ankyrin included two polypeptides of Mr = 210,000 and 220,000 that were nearly identical by peptide mapping and were monomers in solution. Brain ankyrin and erythrocyte ankyrin are closely related proteins with the following properties in common: 1) shared antigenic sites, 2) high-affinity binding to the spectrin beta subunit at the midregion of spectrin tetramers, 3) a binding site for the cytoplasmic domain of the erythrocyte anion channel, 4) a binding site for tubulin, 5) a similar domain structure with a protease-resistant domain of Mr = 72,000 that contains the spectrin-binding activity and domains of Mr = 95,000 (brain ankyrin) or 90,000 (erythrocyte ankyrin) that contain binding sites for both tubulin and the anion channel. Brain ankyrin is present at about 100 pmol/mg of membrane protein in demyelinated membranes based on radioimmunoassay with antibody raised against brain ankyrin and affinity purified on brain ankyrin-agarose. Brain spectrin tetramers are present at 30 pmol/mg of membrane protein. Brain ankyrin thus is present in sufficient amounts to attach spectrin to membranes. Brain ankyrin also may attach microtubules to membranes independently of spectrin and has the potential to interconnect microtubules and spectrin-associated actin filaments.
Transglutaminase overexpression sensitizes neuronal cell lines to apoptosis by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular oxidative stress (2002)

'Tissue' transglutaminase (tTG) selectively accumulates in cells undergoing apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Considering the central role played by mitochondria in apoptosis, we investigated the relationships existing amongst tTG expression, apoptosis and mitochondrial function. To this aim we studied the mechanisms of apoptosis in a neuronal cell line (SK-N-BE (2)) in which the tTG-expression was driven by a constitutive promoter. Furthermore, a tet-off inducible promoter was also used in 3T3 fibroblastic cells used as control. Both cell lines, when expressing tTG, appeared 'sensitized' to apoptosis. Strikingly, we found major differences in the morphological features of mitochondria among cell lines in the absence of apoptotic stimuli. In addition, these ultrastructural characteristics were associated with specific functional features: (i) constitutively hyperpolarized mitochondria and (ii) increased reactive oxygen intermediates production. Importantly, after mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis by staurosporine, a rapid loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was found in tTG cells only. Taken together, these results seem to suggest that, via hyperpolarization, tTG might act as a 'sensitizer' towards apoptotic stimuli specifically targeted to mitochondria. These results could also be of pathogenetic relevance for those diseases that are characterized by increased tTG and apoptotic rate together with impaired mitochondrial function, e.g. in some neurodegenerative disease.
<title>Photonic switching and optical computing based on free-space digital optics</title> (1990)

This paper reviews the optical hardware required for photonic switching and optical computing systems that are based on free-space digital optics. It includes a comparison of the devices, interconnects, and systems that have been proposed for both types of systems.
Thermochemistry and Thermodynamics of Trinitrophloroglucinol Dissolved in DMF and EtOH at 298.15 K (2010)

Abstract The enthalpies of solution of 2,4,6‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐trihydroxybenzene (trinitrophloroglucinol, TNPG) in N, N ‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and EtOH are determined. The thermodynamics of these processes are also studied. The experiments are carried out by a SETARAM C80 calorimeter at 298.15 K. The empirical formulas for enthalpies of solution of TNPG in both DMF and EtOH are calculated by polynomial expressions. The resulting formulas are: $\rm{\Delta _{{\rm{sol}}} H = - 97.23375 + 1646.78192b^{{1 \mathord{\bigg/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} - 6903.38866b}$ (in DMF), and $\rm{\Delta _{{\rm{sol}}} H = 93.19133 - 1731.03621b^{{1 \mathord{\bigg/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} + 8016.6928b}$ (in EtOH).
The Origin-Destination Matrix Estimation Problem — Analysis and Computations (2007)

For most kind of analyses in the field of traffic planning, there is a need for origin--destination (OD) matrices, which specify the travel demands between the origin and destination nodes in the network. This thesis concerns the OD-matrix estimation problem, that is, the calculation of OD-matrices using observed link flows. Both time-independent and time-dependent models are considered, and we also study the placement of link flow detectors. Many methods have been suggested for OD-matrix estimation in time-independent models, which describe an average traffic situation. We assume a user equilibrium to hold for the link flows in the network and recognize a bilevel structure of the estimation problem. A descent heuristic is proposed, in which special attention is given to the issue of calculating the change of a link flow with respect to a change of the travel demand in a certain pair of origin and destination nodes. When a time-dimension is considered, the estimation problem becomes more complex. Besides the problem of distributing the travel demand onto routes, the flow propagation in time and space must also be handled. The time-dependent OD-matrix estimation problem is the subject for two studies. The first is a case study, where the conventional estimation technique is improved through introducing pre-adjustment schemes, which exploit the structure of the information contained in the OD-matrix and the link flow observations. In the second study, an algorithm for time-independent estimation is extended to the time-dependent case and tested for a network from Stockholm, Sweden. Finally, we study the underlying problem of finding those links where traffic flow observations are to be performed, in order to ensure the best possible quality of the estimated OD-matrix. There are different ways of quantifying a common goal to cover as much traffic as possible, and we create an experimental framework in which they can be evaluated. Presupposing that consistent flow observations from all the links in the network yields the best estimate of the OD-matrix, the lack of observations from some links results in a relaxation of the estimation problem, and a poorer estimate. We formulate the problem to place link flow detectors as to achieve the least relaxation with a limited number of detectors.
Data Processing in Cyber-Physical-Social Systems Through Edge Computing (2018)

Cloud and Fog computing have established a convenient and widely adopted approach for computation offloading, where raw data generated by edge devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) context is collected and processed remotely. This vertical offloading pattern, however, typically does not take into account increasingly pressing time constraints of the emerging IoT scenarios, in which numerous data sources, including human agents (i.e., Social IoT), continuously generate large amounts of data to be processed in a timely manner. Big data solutions could be applied in this respect, provided that networking issues and limitations related to connectivity of edge devices are properly addressed. Although edge devices are traditionally considered to be resource-constrained, main limitations refer to energy, networking, and memory capacities, whereas their ever-growing processing capabilities are already sufficient to be effectively involved in actual (big data) processing. In this context, the role of human agents is no longer limited to passive data generation, but can also include their voluntary involvement in relatively complex computations. This way, users can share their personal computational resources (i.e., mobile phones) to support collaborative data processing, thereby turning the existing IoT into a global cyber-physical-social system (CPSS). To this extent, this paper proposes a novel IoT/CPSS data processing pattern based on the stream processing technology, aiming to distribute the workload among a cluster of edge devices, involving mobile nodes shared by contributors on a voluntary basis, and paving the way for cluster computing at the edge. Experiments on an intelligent surveillance system deployed on an edge device cluster demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, illustrating how its distributed in-memory data processing architecture can be effective.
Influence of aging temperature and time on hardness and electrical conductivity of Cu–Cr alloys (1980)

Specimens of cold-rolled Cu–0·44Cr and Cu–0·94Cr were solution treated and water quenched. Their hardness and electrical conductivity were measured after quenching and aging. Thin foils of Cu–0·94Cr were prepared and examined in the electron microscope. The sizes of coherent particles in the foils were measured and from these results it was deduced that particle growth is controlled by volume diffusion. Both coherently precipitated and non-dissolved chromium particles with a bee lattice were observed in aged Cu–0·94Cr. Empirical formulae for the influence of aging temperature and time on hardness and coruiuctivity were established.
Research on Influences of Unloading Rate on Rock Damage and Failure under Confining Pressure Unloading (2011)

In order to study on rock damage caused by the confining pressure unloading, different unloading rates have been adopted in tests on the rock under the constant axial load. Emphasis has been laid on discussing influences of different unloading rates on the elastic modulus, rock strength and failure mode of the rock. The research shows that the unloading rate has exerted a prominent effect on the elastic modulus evolution of the rock, stress level at rock failure and failure mode of the rock. The greater the unloading rate is, the smaller the variation in the elastic modulus of the rock will be, indicating smaller rock damage. Similarly, the greater the unloading rate is, the smaller the corresponding confining pressure at rock failure will be, implying the greater stress deviator imposed on the rock, in which case, the rock failure will be more abrupt and energy release more violent.
Mechanisms of fingolimod's efficacy and adverse effects in multiple sclerosis (2011)

Until recently, all approved multiple sclerosis (MS) disease treatments were administered parenterally. Oral fingolimod was approved in September 2010 by the US Food and Drug Administration to reduce relapses and disability progression in relapsing forms of MS. In the clinical trials that led to approval, fingolimod reduced not only acute relapses and magnetic resonance imaging lesion activity but also disability progression and brain volume loss, suggesting preservation of tissue. Fingolimod's mechanism of action in MS is not known with certainty. Its active form, fingolimod-phosphate (fingolimod-P), is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator that inhibits egress of lymphocytes from lymph nodes and their recirculation, potentially reducing trafficking of pathogenic cells into the central nervous system (CNS). Fingolimod also readily penetrates the CNS, and fingolimod-P formed in situ may have direct effects on neural cells. Fingolimod potently inhibits the MS animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, but is ineffective in mice with selective deficiency of the S1P₁ S1PR subtype on astrocytes despite normal expression in the immune compartment. These findings suggest that S1PR modulation by fingolimod in both the immune system and CNS, producing a combination of beneficial anti-inflammatory and possibly neuroprotective/reparative effects, may contribute to its efficacy in MS. In clinical trials, fingolimod was generally safe and well tolerated. Its interaction with S1PRs in a variety of tissues largely accounts for the reported adverse effects, which were seen more frequently with doses 2.5 to 10x the approved 0.5 mg dose. Fingolimod's unique mechanism of action distinguishes it from all other currently approved MS therapies.
Fraud Detection and Prevention by using Big Data Analytics (2020)

A retail sector is a group of organization or people who sell goods or services for gaining income. Fraud is wrongful or criminal activities for the economic and personal benefits. Fraud detection is finding actual or expected fraud which takes place in an organization and in the retail market is one of the challenging aspects. Fraud is mischievous activities occur in retail sector includes shoplifting, skimming, replicating cards from skimmed data, counterfeiting, bar code or POS(Point-of-Sale) manipulation, contamination, mislabeling, substitute cheaper ingredients instead of high-quality ingredients. Fraudulent activities occur in the retail sector by both consumer and supplier. Analyzing financial crimes related to fraudulent activities is difficult where traditional data mining techniques fail to address all of them. Big data analytics is used to identify an unusual pattern to detect and prevent fraud in the retail sector. Various predictive analytics tools are used to handle massive data and their pattern.
Trajectory planning and time-independent motion control for a kinematically redundant hydraulic manipulator (2009)

In this paper we consider the problem of motion planning and control of a kinematically redundant manipulator, which is used on forestry machines for logging. Once a desired path is specified in the 3D world frame, a trajectory can be planned and executed such that all joints are synchronized and constrained to the Cartesian path. We introduce an optimization procedure that takes advantage of the kinematic redundancy so that time-efficient joint and velocity profiles along the path can be obtained. Differential constraints imposed by the manipulator dynamics are accounted for by employing a phase-plane technique for admissible path timings. In hydraulic manipulators, such as considered here, the velocity constraints of the individual joints are particularly restrictive. We suggest a time-independent control scheme for the planned trajectory which is built upon the standard reference tracking controllers. Experimental tests underline the benefits and efficiency of the model-based trajectory planning and show success of the proposed control strategy.
Enhanced mobility state detection based mobility optimization for femto cells in LTE and LTE-advanced networks (2011)

In 3GPP LTE and LTE-Advanced networks, femto cells will be deployed to improve indoor coverage and increase system capacity. Mobility management (MM) for femto cells is challenging due to their huge number, small size and random deployment. This paper investigates the mobility state detection mechanism, which is crucial for the MM. It is observed that the conventional mobility state detection mechanism is not suitable for femto cells due to the lacking of cell type information. And the inaccurate mobility state detection may lead to improper mobility parameter scaling and then cause handover performance degradation. To solve this issue, Enhanced Mobility State Detection (EMSD) mechanism is proposed. In EMSD, cell type information is considered and more accurate mobility state can be detected for feinto cells. Performance evaluation results show that the EMSD can reduce ping-pong handovers without increasing RLF probability significantly.
Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Anti-VEGF Agents: Predictive Factors of Long-Term Visual Outcomes (2017)

Several factors can be useful in clinical practice as predictors of visual outcomes in response to anti-VEGF treatment of nAMD.
Acquired Flatfoot in Adults Due to Dysfunction of the Posterior Tibial Tendon* (1999)

POMEROY, GREGORY C. M.D.†, SOUTH PORTLAND, MAINE; PIKE, R. HOWARD M.D.‡, ATLANTA, GEORGIA; BEALS, TIMOTHY C. M.D.§, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH; MANOLI, ARTHUR II, M.D.#, MOBILE, ALABAMA Author Information
Dendrimer-based nanodevices for targeted drug delivery applications (2013)

This review reports some recent advances on the use of dendrimers as a versatile platform for targeted drug delivery applications. The unique 3-dimensional architectures and macromolecular characteristics afford dendrimers with ideal drug delivery ability through encapsulating drugs in their interior or covalently conjugating drugs on their surfaces. The adaptable surface functionalization ability enables covalent conjugation of various targeting molecules onto the surface of dendrimers, thereby allowing for generation of various multifunctional nanodevices for targeted drug delivery applications. In particular, the application of dendrimers as versatile platforms for targeted cancer therapeutics will be introduced in detail.
Modulation-frequency encoded multi-color fluorescent DNA analysis in an optofluidic chip (2010)

We introduce a principle of parallel optical processing to an optofluidic lab-on-a-chip. During electrophoretic separation, the ultra-low limit of detection achieved with our set-up allows us to record fluorescence from covalently end-labeled DNA molecules. Different sets of exclusively color-labeled DNA fragments-otherwise rendered indistinguishable by spatio-temporal coincidence-are traced back to their origin by modulation-frequency-encoded multi-wavelength laser excitation, fluorescence detection with a single ultrasensitive, albeit color-blind photomultiplier, and Fourier analysis decoding. As a proof of principle, fragments obtained by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification from independent human genomic segments, associated with genetic predispositions to breast cancer and anemia, are simultaneously analyzed.