gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>BRCA1</i> Promoter Methylation in Sporadic Breast Cancer Is Associated with Reduced <i>BRCA1</i> Copy Number and Chromosome 17 Aneusomy (2005)

To explore the molecular mechanisms for the similarities between inherited and noninherited forms of breast cancer, we tested the hypothesis that inactivation of BRCA1 by promoter hypermethylation is associated with reduced gene copy number and chromosome 17 aneusomy as observed in tumors from BRCA1 mutation carriers. Using a combination of methylation-specific PCR analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization, we observed varying degrees of promoter methylation in 39 of 131 (29.8%) primary tumors. Despite significant tumor heterogeneity, mean copy numbers of BRCA1 and CEP17 per cell were lower in methylated cases compared with unmethylated cases [1.78 versus 2.30 (P = 0.001) and 1.85 versus 2.29 (P = 0.005), respectively]. Methylation was more frequently observed in younger women (P = 0.05) with high-grade (P = 0.001), estrogen receptor-negative (P = 0.04), and progesterone receptor-negative (P = 0.01) tumors. Moreover, methylation was associated with reduced or absent BRCA1 transcripts, which was reversible in the heavily BRCA1-methylated cell line UACC3199 following treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A. We identified five CpGs at positions -533, -355, -173, -21, and +44 as critical in the reexpression of BRCA1. We conclude that BRCA1 methylation contributes to a subset of sporadic breast cancers with the resulting molecular and clinicopathologic phenotype similar to that of hereditary BRCA1-associated breast cancers. Our data support a model of carcinogenesis in which BRCA1 promoter methylation may serve as a "first hit," much like an inherited germ line mutation, and promote tumor progression down a restricted set of molecular pathways.
<title>Microminiature temperature-compensated magnetoelastic strain gauge</title> (2002)

Our objective was to demonstrate a microminiature magnetoelastic strain gauge that provides both strain and temperature signals without additional sensors. Iron based magnetoelastic materials were embedded within superelastic nickel/titanium (NiTi) tubing. NiTi stress was transferred to the ferrite, causing a permeability change sensed by a tiny coil. The coil/bridge was excited (70 KHz AC), synchronously demodulated, and amplified to produce a voltage output proportional to coil/ferrite impedance. A DC voltage was also applied and separately conditioned to provide an output proportional to coil resistance; this signal was used to provide thermal compensation. Controlled strains were applied and 6 Hz cyclic outputs recorded simultaneously from the magnetoelastic strain gauge and conventional foil strain gauges. The magnetoelastic strain gauge tracked the foil gauge with minimal hysteresis and good linearity over 600 microstrain; repeatability was approximately 1.5 microstrain. The magnetoelastic strain gauge's gauge factor was computed from delta inductance/original inductance under static strain conditions. Temperatures of 25-140 deg C resulted in an uncompensated shift of 15 microstrain/deg C, and compensated shift of 1.0 microstrain/deg C. A sensitive micro-magnetoelastic strain gauge was demonstrated using the same sensor to detect stress and temperature with no moving parts, high gauge factor, and good thermal stability.
Integrated Optics Devices Utilizing Thick Phase Gratings (1976)

Thick phase gratings have a variety of possible uses as device components in integrated optical systems. The applications make use of one or more of the unique properties of these gratings: high diffraction efficiency, good angular selectivity, and straightforward fabrication. In planar waveguides, the diffraction efficiency and angular selectivity desired for a particular application determine the length of the grating along the waveguide surface. We have holographically recorded 2 mm gratings having peak diffraction efficiencies in excess of 50% and angular selectivities less than 2 mrad by intersecting guided waves in a sample of photorefractive LiNbO3. Such gratings provide the central element in a number of actual and contemplated waveguide devices, including mirrors, beam splitters, lenses, switches, modulators, and interferometers.
Intrapleural Tetracycline for the Prevention of Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax (1990)

This prospective, multicenter, randomized, "unblinded," controlled clinical trial was designed to determine if the intrapleural instillation of 1500 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride would be effective in diminishing the ipsilateral rate of recurrence for spontaneous pneumothorax. During the 4-year enrollment period, 113 patients were assigned to the tetracycline group; 116 patients were assigned to the control group. During the 5-year study period, the recurrence rate in the tetracycline group (25%) was significantly less than that in the control group (41%). Use of tetracycline seemed to reduce the recurrence rates for patients with either primary or secondary spontaneous pneumothorax and for patients with either an initial or a recurrent pneumothorax. We conclude that the intrapleural administration of tetracycline in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax significantly reduces the rate of ipsilateral recurrence but is associated with intense chest pain. Intrapleural tetracycline therapy is indicated for patients with a spontaneous pneumothorax who are hospitalized and are treated with tube thoracostomy.
An energy-efficient scheme for WiFi-capable M2M devices in hybrid LTE network (2012)

Machine to Machine (M2M) communication has gained much interest in the recent past, both within academia and across different industries. Power saving has become a priority issue recently due to accelerated growth of mobile devices with more and more processor power, more storage capacity, better display technology and much richer-applications. It assumes even greater significance when it comes to M2M devices since unlike hand-held mobile devices which has possibility to get re-charged after certain period of time, many of the M2M devices overall life is almost equal to its one-time charged battery life. This paper proposes an energy-efficient solution for M2M devices to minimize overall energy consumption. Simulation results based on OPNET simulator show that the proposed method significantly improves power saving, especially in time-tolerant M2M applications with long periodic report cycles.
pH-Sensitive metal-free carbon monoxide prodrugs with tunable and predictable release rates (2017)

Carbon monoxide prodrugs with triggered release profiles are highly desirable for targeted CO delivery to minimize their untoward side-effects. Herein, we describe a series of pH-sensitive metal-free CO prodrugs which are stable under acidic conditions and yet begin to release CO in response to increases in pH with tunable and predictable release rates.
Temporally and Spatially Dependent Nitrogen Management for Diverse Environments (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Summary Introduction Nitrogen-use efficiency as a driver of new technology Case study: What defines diverse environments Is nitrogen needed Nutrient deficiencies other than N Prediction of yield potential Prediction of N responsiveness independent of yield potential Midseason N applications can result in maximum yields Determination of midseason N rate “Ramp” method of determining midseason N rate Future perspectives References
How Does Endotoxin Trigger Inflammation in Otitis Media With Effusion? (2001)

We found a positive correlation between endotoxin and the primary cytokines TNFalpha and IL1beta in culture-positive OME effusions as well as in culture-negative ones, suggesting endotoxin-induced local production of TNFalpha and IL1beta in the middle ear. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were also present in the middle ear, but their concentrations were not directly correlated to endotoxin or the primary cytokines.
Teleconsultation Program for Deployed Soldiers and Healthcare Professionals in Remote and Austere Environments (2008)

The teleconsultation program has proven to be a valuable resource for physicians deployed in austere and remote locations. Furthermore, use of such a system for physicians in austere environments may prevent unnecessary evacuations or result in appropriate evacuations for patients who initially may have been "underdiagnosed."
Chirality Recognition in the Glycidol⋅⋅⋅Propylene Oxide Complex: A Rotational Spectroscopic Study (2011)

Chirality recognition in the hydrogen-bonded glycidol···propylene oxide complex has been studied by using rotational spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. An extensive conformational search has been performed for this binary adduct at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory and a total of 28 homo- and heterochiral conformers were identified. The eight binary conformers, built of the two dominant glycidol monomeric conformers, g-G+ and g+G-, were predicted to be the most stable ones. Jet-cooled rotational spectra of six out of the eight conformers were observed and unambiguously assigned for the first time. The experimental stability ordering has been obtained and compared with the ab initio predictions. The relative stability of the two dominant glycidol monomeric conformers is reversed in some cases when binding to propylene oxide. The contributions of monomeric energy, deformation energy, and binary intermolecular interaction energy to the relative stability of the binary conformers are discussed.
Nighttime low illumination image enhancement with single image using bright/dark channel prior (2018)

Nighttime low illumination image enhancement is highly desired for outdoor computer vision applications. However, few works have been studied towards this goal. In addition, the low illumination enhancement problem becomes very challenging when the depth information of a low illumination image is unknown. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a dual channel prior-based method for nighttime low illumination image enhancement with a single image, which builds upon two existing image priors: dark channel prior and bright channel prior. We utilize the bright channel prior to get an initial transmission estimate and then use the dark channel as a complementary channel to correct potentially erroneous transmission estimates attained from the bright channel prior. Experimental results show significant credibility of the approach both visually and by quantitative comparison with existing methods.
Resolution of Homoallylic Alcohols Containing Dithioketene Acetal Functionalities. Synthesis of Optically Active .gamma.-Lactones by a Combination of Chemical and Enzymic Methods (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResolution of Homoallylic Alcohols Containing Dithioketene Acetal Functionalities. Synthesis of Optically Active .gamma.-Lactones by a Combination of Chemical and Enzymic MethodsYuan-Chi Pai, Jim-Min Fang, and Shih-Hsiung WuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 20, 6018–6025Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00099a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00099a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Adult Height in Growth Hormone (GH)-Deficient Children Treated with Biosynthetic GH (1997)

Near-adult height (AH) was determined in 121 children (72 males and 49 females) with GH deficiency (GHD) who were prepubertal when they began treatment with recombinant DNA-derived preparations of human GH. AH as a sd score was −0.7 ± 1.2 (mean ± sd), significantly greater than the pretreatment height sd score (−3.1 ± 1.2), the predicted AH sd score (−2.2 ± 1.2; Bayley-Pinneau method), and the height sd score at the start of puberty (−1.9 ± 1.3). In contrast to studies of GH treatment outcome, which used pituitary-derived GH (pit-GH) in lower doses, we found that males did not have a higher AH sd score than females, spontaneous puberty did not diminish AH, and AH was significantly greater than that predicted at the start of GH treatment. In a multiple regression equation, the statistically significant variables (all P < 0.0001) related to AH (r2 = 0.70) were the following: duration of treatment with GH, sex (males were taller than females, as expected for the normal population), age (younger children had a greater AH) and height at the start of GH, and growth rate during first year of GH. For the AH sd score (r2 = 0.47), pretreatment predicted AH, duration of GH, and bone age delay were significant (P < 0.0002) explanatory variables. Bone age delay (chronological age − bone age) had a negative impact on the AH sd score. Target height, etiology of GHD, previous treatment with pituitary GH, and the presence or absence of spontaneous puberty did not significantly improve the prediction of AH. Early diagnosis of GHD and continuous treatment with larger doses of GH to near AH should improve the outcome in children with short stature due to GHD.
Evidence for modification of lamin B by a product of mevalonic acid. (1988)

Previous work from this laboratory has shown that a derivative of mevalonic acid is post-translationally incorporated into a number of specific proteins in Swiss 3T3 cells. Neither the nature of the modification nor the identities of the modified proteins have been determined to date. Here we describe results concerning modified proteins of approximately 67 kDa from HeLa cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells. We show that these proteins are specific to the nucleus and remain associated with a Triton/salt-insoluble nuclear fraction. Furthermore, immunological studies demonstrate that one of the modified proteins comigrates on two-dimensional gels with lamin B, a structural protein associated with the nuclear envelope. Using antibodies directed against lamin B in an immunoprecipitation experiment, we further show that this mevalonic acid-modified protein specifically coprecipitates with lamin B. These results support the hypothesis that lamin B is modified by a derivative of mevalonic acid.
Finite element force calculation in linear induction machines (1987)

This paper presents linear induction machine thrust and normal force calculations using the finite element method. The thrust force is calculated both by the Maxwell stress tensor and by the Lorentz formula, while the normal force is calculated by the Maxwell stress tensor and by a combination of the Maxwell stress tensor for the attractive component and the Lorentz formula for the repulsive component. Computation results are compared with experimental data. Analysis of these results reveals some practical conclusions about the advantages and shortcomings of the two force calculation methods.
Antimicrobial Activity of Polymers Coated with Iodine-Complexed Polyvinylpyrrolidone (1991)

Polymer-associated infection is a problem of increasing importance in modern medicine. In a new approach to prevent such infections we have modified polyvinylfluoride (TEDLAR) films by graft copolymerization with N-vinylpyrrolidone to which iodine can be complexed. Grafting reaction was performed by the preirradiation technique using an electron accelerator. Grafted films were then treated in Lugol's solution for at least 24 h. Release of free iodine from the films was determined either by titration or using the agar disc diffusion test, showing an iodine release for up to 4-5 days. The antimicrobial activity of the films was tested in bacterial adhesion measurements. Bacterial and fungal cells in the range of 10(3) to 10(6) cfu/cm2 polymer were found on control samples without iodine, whereas on iodine-complexed films no viable cells could be detected at least for 5 days or even longer. Thus, microbial adhesion and growth can be inhibited by iodine-containing polymers.
Spiroplasma-like inclusions in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. (1979)

Spiral membranous inclusions were discovered on electron microscopic study of brain biopsy tissues from a 46-year-old man with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). These replicate coiled membranous configurations measured 850 to 1,000 nm in length and 75 to 137.5 nm in width and were located within axoplasm, primarily in presynaptic terminals. These inclusions closely resemble Spiroplasma, a plant pathogen, and the finding of these structures in CJD suggests the concurrence of Spiroplasma infection with a human chronic degenerative brain disease.
40Gb/s Distortion-free Soliton Transmission with Reciprocating Dispersion-Managed Fiber of 1000km Length (1996)

Many soliton recirculating-loop experiments demonstrated the potential for transoceanic transmission without pulse distortion. The recirculating loop offers an exact uniform transmission line even in large variation of fiber dispersion in the loop as long as the loop length is short relative to the soliton period. Straight transmission lines, however, distort soliton pulse accompanied with dispersive wave radiation due to the fluctuation of fiber dispersion along the line[1]. Therefore, one of the key issues for developing soliton transmission systems is how to unify the transmission line in a practical manner.
Wnt11 Promotes Osteoblast Maturation and Mineralization through R-spondin 2 (2009)

Wnt11 signals through both canonical (beta-catenin) and non-canonical pathways and is up-regulated during osteoblast differentiation and fracture healing. In these studies, we evaluated the role of Wnt11 during osteoblastogenesis. Wnt11 overexpression in MC3T3E1 pre-osteoblasts increases beta-catenin accumulation and promotes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-induced expression of alkaline phosphatase and mineralization. Wnt11 dramatically increases expression of the osteoblast-associated genes Dmp1 (dentin matrix protein 1), Phex (phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog), and Bsp (bone sialoprotein). Wnt11 also increases expression of Rspo2 (R-spondin 2), a secreted factor known to enhance Wnt signaling. Overexpression of Rspo2 is sufficient for increasing Dmp1, Phex, and Bsp expression and promotes bone morphogenetic protein-induced mineralization. Knockdown of Rspo2 abrogates Wnt11-mediated osteoblast maturation. Antagonism of T-cell factor (Tcf)/beta-catenin signaling with dominant negative Tcf blocks Wnt11-mediated expression of Dmp1, Phex, and Rspo2 and decreases mineralization. However, dominant negative Tcf fails to block the osteogenic effects of Rspo2 overexpression. These studies show that Wnt11 signals through beta-catenin, activating Rspo2 expression, which is then required for Wnt11-mediated osteoblast maturation.
Lithium−Quinolate Complexes as Emitter and Interface Materials in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2000)

We synthesized lithium−quinolate complexes, 8-hydroxyquinolinolatolithium (Liq) and 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinolinolatolithium (LiMeq), as emitter and electron injection/transport materials to be used in conventional two-layer organic light-emitting diodes in combination with N,N'-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (DMeOTPD) as hole transport material (HTL). The lithium complexes were also examined as interface materials in combination with 8-hydroxyquinolinolato-Al(III) (Alq3) as emitter material. The device efficiency with these complexes was optimized by combinatorial methods. We also compared the electron injection, transport, and emission properties of Li complexes with the well-known emitter Alq3 in the same experiment by taking advantage of the combinatorial approach. The Li quinolates are found to be efficient emitter molecules. But the efficiencies of lithium quinolate devices are lower than that of Alq3 devices. Contrary to the Alq3 emission, the Li quinolates exhibit a bathochromic shift of emission compared to the respective photoluminescence spectra. No clear evidence of exciplex formation was seen by comparing the photoluminescence spectrum of an equimolar mixture of Li quinolate and DMeOTPD with the observed electroluminescence spectrum. However, the lithium complexes increase the efficiency of an optimized indium−tin oxide (ITO)/DMeOTPD/Alq3/Al device considerably when used as a thin interface layer between Alq3 and aluminum. The improvement of device characteristics with lithium quinolates is similar to that obtained with LiF salt.
Animal demasiado humano: La influencia de Schopenhauer en la crítica de John Gray al humanismo (2015)

This paper attempts to analyse John Gray’s critique of humanism. This political theorist presents in some of his works a strong criticism not only of liberalism, but also of the idea of progress, Utopianism and anthropocentrism. First, I try to sketch a provisional definition of humanism and analyse how Gray understands this concept. Second, I develop some of the main criticisms that Gray levels against humanism. In doing so I will also clarify his influences, particularly his reference to Schopenhauer. To conclude, I attempt to weigh the merit of his criticisms and point out some of its potential limitations.
Integrated electronic warfare framework for infrared self-protection of transport aircraft (2007)

airborne platforms such as transport aircraft have in recent years come up against a wide variety of threats, including several generations of man-portable surface to air missile systems (MANPADS or SAMS). With South Africa&apos;s role in the AU and NEPAD it has been widely accepted that support for UN-Sanctioned missions such as regional peacekeeping efforts, election support and the rendering of medical assistance, or the supply of food to isolated areas will become normal day-to-day events for military personnel and assets. This paper details the development over the past 15 years of an Infrared Electronic Warfare capability that makes use of integrated field evaluations and simulation to continuously evaluate and optimise the self-protection strategies of the South African Air force’s transport aircraft. I.
Pain relief induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of precentral cortex (2001)

Chronic electrical stimulation of the precentral (motor) cortex using surgically implanted electrodes is performed to treat medication-resistant neurogenic pain. The goal of this placebo-controlled study was to obtain such antalgic effects by means of a non-invasive cortical stimulation using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Eighteen patients with intractable neurogenic pain of various origins were included and underwent a 20 min session of either 10 Hz, 0.5 Hz or* sham rTMS over the motor cortex in a random order. A significant decrease in the mean pain level of the series was obtained only after 10 Hz rTMS. This study shows that a transient pain relief can be induced by 10 Hz rTMS of the motor cortex in some patients suffering from chronic neurogenic pain.