gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chain Length-Dependent Affinity of Helical Foldamers for a Rodlike Guest (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTChain Length-Dependent Affinity of Helical Foldamers for a Rodlike GuestAya Tanatani, Matthew J. Mio, and Jeffrey S. MooreView Author Information Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois 61801 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 8, 1792–1793Publication Date (Web):February 2, 2001Publication History Received16 October 2000Published online2 February 2001Published inissue 1 February 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja003678nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja003678nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1888Altmetric-Citations195LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cavities,Molecules,Oligomers,Screening assays,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Huge Seebeck coefficients in nonaqueous electrolytes (2011)

The Seebeck coefficients of the nonaqueous electrolytes tetrabutylammonium nitrate, tetraoctylphosphonium bromide, and tetradodecylammonium nitrate in 1-octanol, 1-dodecanol, and ethylene-glycol are measured in a temperature range from T = 30 °C to T = 45 °C. The Seebeck coefficient is generally of the order of a few hundreds of microvolts per Kelvin for aqueous solution of inorganic ions. Here we report huge values of 7 mV/K at 0.1 M concentration for tetrabutylammonium nitrate in 1-dodecanol. These striking results open the question of unexpectedly large kosmotrope or "structure making" effects of tetraalkylammonium ions on the structure of alcohols.
Reliability investigations of fluxless flip-chip interconnections on green tape ceramic substrates (1995)

The use of flip chip bonding technology is having a growing importance in the construction of novel hybrid microelectronic devices and is of increasing interest for the application in consumer oriented products. Especially fluxless processes are demanded for the compatibility with underfill materials and for an improved reliability performance. This paper describes the development of a fluxless flip chip mounting process by use of Au/Sn solder bumps on different thick film metallizations of green tape ceramic substrates. The results of the investigations show, that fluxless flip chip bonding is possible directly on Au as well as Ag and Pd/Ag thick film pattern and via metallizations. The flip chip assembly process is performed by single chip bonding and requires substrates with narrow planarity tolerances. For the different substrate metallizations the range of optimal bonding parameters are determined. Best mechanical and electrical results are achieved with Au/Sn bumps on Pd/Ag thick film metallizations. For this system the investigations are performed, to show the influence of the chip size and bump height on reliability. The fatigue life of solder joints, which is limited by the thermal expansion mismatch between chip and substrate could be significantly increased by an adequate encapsulation process. The reliability results of the fluxless flip chip joints after thermal cycling, temperature storage, temperature-humidity and pressure cooker tests are presented.
Water Quality Improvements Resulting from FBC Ash Grouting of Buried Piles of Pyritic Materials on a Surface Coal Mine (1996)

A 37 acre surface coal mine in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, was mined and reclaimed between 1974 and 1977.Buried pyrite-rich pit cleanings and tipple refuse were found to be producing severe acid mine drainage (AMD).The pyritic material is located in discrete piles or pods in the backfill.The pods and the resulting contaminant plumes were initially defined using geophysical techniques and confirmed by drilling.Isolating the pyritic material from water and oxygen will prevent AMD production.A grout, composed of fluidized bed combustion (FBC) ash and water, was used in two different approaches that attempted pyrite isolation.Pressure injecting grout directly into the buried pods to fill the void spaces within the pods and coat the pyritic materials with a cementitious layer was the first approach.In the second approach, pods that would not accept grout because of a clay matrix were capped with the grout to isolate the pyrite from percolating water.The grout was also used in certain areas to blanket or pave the pit floor to prevent dissolution of clays, which are a suspected primary source of high aluminum (Al) concentrations at this site.Monitoring wells have been sampled since 1990 to monitor changes in the water quality resulting from grouting efforts.Grouting occurred during the summers of 1992 and 1993.Statistically significant water quality improvements have been noted as a result of the grouting, although results are varied.Any water quality improvements resulting from the grouting are expected to be permanent because of the nature of the cementitious grout.
Blends composed of poly(<i>N</i>‐isopropylacrylamide) and an ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer: Thermal and morphological studies (2003)

Abstract Blends of poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and an ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) were obtained through casting from dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions and phase inversion in 50/50 DMSO/H 2 O solutions. The miscibility and morphology of the PNIPAM/EVAL blends were investigated with thermal and morphological analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the crystallinity of EVAL decreased with increasing PNIPAM content and that the blends cast from DMSO/H 2 O solutions were miscible in the melt state. Measurements of the melting point depression allowed the determination of the interaction energy density ( B ) and Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ 12 ) with the Nishi–Wang equation. The negative B and χ 12 values obtained were examined in terms of the specific intermolecular interactions between the polymers. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that blends obtained by the casting method led to dense membranes, whereas the phase‐inversion method rendered typical macroporous membranes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 501–505, 2004
Running over rough terrain: guinea fowl maintain dynamic stability despite a large unexpected change in substrate height (2005)

In the natural world, animals must routinely negotiate varied and unpredictable terrain. Yet, we know little about the locomotor strategies used by animals to accomplish this while maintaining dynamic stability. In this paper, we perturb the running of guinea fowl with an unexpected drop in substrate height (DeltaH). The drop is camouflaged to remove any visual cue about the upcoming change in terrain that would allow an anticipatory response. To maintain stability upon a sudden drop in substrate height and prevent a fall, the bird must compensate by dissipating energy or converting it to another form. The aim of this paper is to investigate the control strategies used by birds in this task. In particular, we assess the extent to which guinea fowl maintain body weight support and conservative spring-like body dynamics in the perturbed step. This will yield insight into how animals integrate mechanics and control to maintain dynamic stability in the face of real-world perturbations. Our results show that, despite altered body dynamics and a great deal of variability in the response, guinea fowl are quite successful in maintaining dynamic stability, as they stumbled only once (without falling) in the 19 unexpected perturbations. In contrast, when the birds could see the upcoming drop in terrain, they stumbled in 4 of 20 trials (20%, falling twice), and came to a complete stop in an additional 6 cases (30%). The bird's response to the unexpected perturbation fell into three general categories: (1) conversion of vertical energy (EV=EP+EKv) to horizontal kinetic energy (EKh), (2) absorption of EV through negative muscular work (-DeltaEcom), or (3) converting EP to vertical kinetic energy (EKv), effectively continuing the ballistic path of the animal's center of mass (COM) from the prior aerial phase. However, the mechanics that distinguish these categories actually occur along a continuum with varying degrees of body weight support and actuation by the limb, related to the magnitude and direction of the ground reaction force (GRF) impulse, respectively. In most cases, the muscles of the limb either produced or absorbed energy during the response, as indicated by net changes in COM energy (Ecom). The limb likely begins stance in a more retracted, extended position due to the 26 ms delay in ground contact relative to that anticipated by the bird. This could explain the diminished decelerating force during the first half of stance and the exchange between EP and EK during stance as the body vaults over the limb. The varying degree of weight support and energy absorption in the perturbed step suggests that variation in the initial limb configuration leads to different intrinsic dynamics and reflex action. Future investigation into the limb and muscle mechanics underlying these responses could yield further insight into the control mechanisms that allow such robust dynamic stability of running in the face of large, unexpected perturbations.
Orientation of long bodies falling in a viscoelastic liquid (1993)

New experiments on the orientations of a cylinder settling in viscoelastic and pseudoplastic fluids are described in an attempt to identify the main mechanisms which control the orientation of the cylinder as it falls.
A novel fuzzy C‐means algorithm for unsupervised heterogeneous tumor quantification in PET (2010)

A novel unsupervised PET image segmentation technique that allows the quantification of lesions in the presence of heterogeneity of tracer uptake was developed and evaluated. The technique is being further refined and assessed in clinical setting to delineate treatment volumes for the purpose of PET-guided radiation therapy treatment planning but could find other applications in clinical oncology such as the assessment of response to treatment.
Bearing Design in Machinery (2002)

Covering the fundamental principles of bearing selection, design, and tribology, this book discusses basic physical principles of bearing selection, lubrication, design computations, advanced bearings materials, arrangement, housing, and seals, as well as recent developments in bearings for high-speed aircraft engines. The author explores unique so
Limitations in the Design of Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Cancer Therapy (2019)

Cancer therapy has entered a new era, transitioning from unspecific chemotherapeutic agents to increasingly specific immune-based therapeutic strategies. Among these, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown unparalleled therapeutic potential in treating refractory hematological malignancies. In contrast, solid tumors pose a much greater challenge to CAR T cell therapy, which has yet to be overcome. As this novel therapeutic modality matures, increasing effort is being invested to determine the optimal structure and properties of CARs to facilitate the transition from empirical testing to the rational design of CAR T cells. In this review, we highlight how individual CAR domains contribute to the success and failure of this promising treatment modality and provide an insight into the most notable advances in the field of CAR T cell engineering.
Design of broadband class-F power amplifier with high-order harmonic suppression for S-band application (2015)

A broadband class-F power amplifier for an S-band handset device is integrated on a 3 × 3 × 0.82 mm3 die using an InGaP/GaAs HBT process. With LC serial harmonic traps immersed into the broadband output matching circuit, good harmonic suppression performance can be achieved. A pure resistive impedance of the matching circuit, but near zero at second and infinite at third harmonic frequency, which enhances the efficiency, is obtained across 1.8–2.5 GHz. Tested with a continuous wave (CW) signal, the PA delivers an output power of 34 dBm and achieves a PAE of 57% at 2 GHz. In addition, excellent harmonic suppression levels of less than −53 dBc across the second to fifth harmonic are obtained.
Microbiological and Molecular Assessment of Bacteriophage ISP for the Control of Staphylococcus aureus (2011)

The increasing antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations requires alternatives for classical treatment of infectious diseases and therefore drives the renewed interest in phage therapy. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major problem in health care settings and live-stock breeding across the world. This research aims at a thorough microbiological, genomic, and proteomic characterization of S. aureus phage ISP, required for therapeutic applications. Host range screening of a large batch of S. aureus isolates and subsequent fingerprint and DNA microarray analysis of the isolates revealed a substantial activity of ISP against 86% of the isolates, including relevant MRSA strains. From a phage therapy perspective, the infection parameters and the frequency of bacterial mutations conferring ISP resistance were determined. Further, ISP was proven to be stable in relevant in vivo conditions and subcutaneous as well as nasal and oral ISP administration to rabbits appeared to cause no adverse effects. ISP encodes 215 gene products on its 138,339 bp genome, 22 of which were confirmed as structural proteins using tandem electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), and shares strong sequence homology with the 'Twort-like viruses'. No toxic or virulence-associated proteins were observed. The microbiological and molecular characterization of ISP supports its application in a phage cocktail for therapeutic purposes.
Layered Scene Decomposition via the Occlusion-CRF (2016)

This paper addresses the challenging problem of perceiving the hidden or occluded geometry of the scene depicted in any given RGBD image. Unlike other image labeling problems such as image segmentation where each pixel needs to be assigned a single label, layered decomposition requires us to assign multiple labels to pixels. We propose a novel "Occlusion-CRF" model that allows for the integration of sophisticated priors to regularize the solution space and enables the automatic inference of the layer decomposition. We use a generalization of the Fusion Move algorithm to perform Maximum a Posterior (MAP) inference on the model that can handle the large label sets needed to represent multiple surface assignments to each pixel. We have evaluated the proposed model and the inference algorithm on many RGBD images of cluttered indoor scenes. Our experiments show that not only is our model able to explain occlusions but it also enables automatic inpainting of occluded/ invisible surfaces.
Therapeutic Benefit of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Administered 1 Month after Stroke (2006)

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) facilitate functional recovery in rats after stroke when administered acutely (1 day) or subacutely (7 days). In this study, we postponed the time of cell transplantation to 1 month after stroke. Female retired breeder rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Male BMSCs (3 x 10(6)) or phosphate-buffered saline were administered intravenously, and the animals were killed 3 months later. An additional population of nontreated rats was killed at 1 month after MCAo. Significant recovery of behavior was found in BMSC-treated rats beginning at 1 month after cell injection in the modified neurologic severity score test and the adhesive-removal test compared with control animals (P<0.05). In situ hybridization showed that BMSCs survived and preferentially localized to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Double staining revealed that approximately 13% and 6% Y-chromosome-positive cells expressed the astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and the neuronal marker, microtubule-associated protein-2, respectively. In addition, BMSC treatment reduced scar thickness, and increased the number of proliferating cells and oligodendrocyte precursor cells along the subventricular zone in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Expression of the chemokine stromal-cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was significantly increased along the ischemic boundary zone compared with the corresponding areas in the contralateral hemisphere at 1 month and 4 months (P<0.01) after stroke. The SDF-1 receptor, CXC-chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4), was expressed in BMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Our data show that the time window of BMSC therapy is at least 1 month after stroke; the interaction of SDF-1/CXCR4 may contribute to the trafficking of transplanted BMSCs.
Novel <i>cis</i> -Acting Replication Element in the Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Genome Is Involved in Amplification of Integrated <i>rep-cap</i> Sequences (2001)

This study identifies a region of the adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) rep gene (nucleotides 190 to 540 of wild-type AAV-2) as a cis-acting Rep-dependent element able to promote the replication of transiently transfected plasmids. This viral element is also shown to be involved in the amplification of integrated sequences in the presence of adenovirus and Rep proteins.
A compact X-ray source based on Compton scattering (2003)

The paper discusses the use of Compton backscattering of an intense laser light on a relativistic electron beam to produce high-intensity /spl gamma/ beams, and also the practicability of the concept. Requirements on the parameters of electron and photon beams are described, and the lattice of the electron storage ring with a beam energy up to 150 MeV is proposed, wherein experiments on intense photon beam generation and laser cooling of the electron beam can be conducted. Electron beam parameters in the storage ring are calculated with due regard for the intrabeam scattering, photon beam parameters are also estimated. The scheme of experiment that enables the production of a photon beam with an intensity of /spl sim/10/sup 13/ s/sup -1/ is proposed.
Laminopathies (2004)

Nuclear lamins form a fibrous nucleoskeletal network of intermediate-sized filaments that underlies the inner nuclear membrane. It associates with this membrane through interactions with specific integral nuclear membrane proteins, while within this flattened lamin lattice the nuclear pore complexes are embedded. Next to this peripheral network, the lamins can form intranuclear structures. The lamins are the evolutionary progenitors of the cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins and have profound influences on nuclear structure and function. These influences require that lamins have dynamic properties and dual identities as structural building blocks on the one hand, and transcription regulators on the other. Which of these identities underlies the laminopathies, a myriad of genetic diseases caused by mutations in lamins or lamin-associated proteins, is a topic of intense debate.
The Influence of Functional Use of Endosseous Dental Implants on the Tissue-implant Interface. II. Clinical Aspects (1979)

Functional and non-functional endosseous dental implants were clinically compared in beagle mandibles for up to one year post-operatively. Differing biomechanical conditions led to clinical differences between functional and non-functional implants. Typical clinical tests, however, did not always reveal detailed histological differences between implant-tissue interfaces of functional and non-functional implants.
Temperature driven evolution of thermal, electrical, and optical properties of Ti–Al–N coatings (2012)

Monolithic single phase cubic (c) Ti1−xAlxN thin films are used in various industrial applications due to their high thermal stability, which beneficially effects lifetime and performance of cutting and milling tools, but also find increasing utilization in electronic and optical devices. The present study elucidates the temperature-driven evolution of heat conductivity, electrical resistivity and optical reflectance from room temperature up to 1400 °C and links them to structural and chemical changes in Ti1−xAlxN coatings. It is shown that various decomposition phenomena, involving recovery and spinodal decomposition (known to account for the age hardening phenomenon in c-Ti1−xAlxN), as well as the cubic to wurtzite phase transformation of spinodally formed AlN-enriched domains, effectively increase the thermal conductivity of the coatings from ∼3.8 W m−1 K−1 by a factor of three, while the electrical resistivity is reduced by one order of magnitude. A change in the coating color from metallic grey after deposition to reddish-golden after annealing to 1400 °C is related to the film structure and discussed in terms of film reflectivity.
Defending against Injection Attacks through Context-Sensitive String Evaluation (2005)

Injection vulnerabilities pose a major threat to application-level security. Some of the more common types are SQL injection, cross-site scripting and shell injection vulnerabilities. Existing methods for defending against injection attacks, that is, attacks exploiting these vulnerabilities, rely heavily on the application developers and are therefore error-prone. In this paper we introduce CSSE, a method to detect and prevent injection attacks. CSSE works by addressing the root cause why such attacks can succeed, namely the ad-hoc serialization of user-provided input. It provides a platform-enforced separation of channels, using a combination of assignment of metadata to user-provided input, metadata-preserving string operations and context-sensitive string evaluation. CSSE requires neither application developer interaction nor application source code modifications. Since only changes to the underlying platform are needed, it effectively shifts the burden of implementing countermeasures against injection attacks from the many application developers to the small team of security-savvy platform developers. Our method is effective against most types of injection attacks, and we show that it is also less error-prone than other solutions proposed so far. We have developed a prototype CSSE implementation for PHP, a platform that is particularly prone to these vulnerabilities. We used our prototype with phpBB, a well-known bulletin-board application, to validate our method. CSSE detected and prevented all the SQL injection attacks we could reproduce and incurred only reasonable run-time overhead.