gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PRMT5 Is Upregulated in Malignant and Metastatic Melanoma and Regulates Expression of MITF and p27Kip1 (2013)

Protein arginine methyltransferase-5 (PRMT5) is a Type II arginine methyltransferase that regulates various cellular functions. We hypothesized that PRMT5 plays a role in regulating the growth of human melanoma cells. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated significant upregulation of PRMT5 in human melanocytic nevi, malignant melanomas and metastatic melanomas as compared to normal epidermis. Furthermore, nuclear PRMT5 was significantly decreased in metastatic melanomas as compared to primary cutaneous melanomas. In human metastatic melanoma cell lines, PRMT5 was predominantly cytoplasmic, and associated with its enzymatic cofactor Mep50, but not STAT3 or cyclin D1. However, histologic examination of tumor xenografts from athymic mice revealed heterogeneous nuclear and cytoplasmic PRMT5 expression. Depletion of PRMT5 via siRNA inhibited proliferation in a subset of melanoma cell lines, while it accelerated growth of others. Loss of PRMT5 also led to reduced expression of MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), a melanocyte-lineage specific oncogene, and increased expression of the cell cycle regulator p27(Kip1). These results are the first to report elevated PRMT5 expression in human melanoma specimens and indicate this protein may regulate MITF and p27(Kip1) expression in human melanoma cells.
Local description using multi-scale complete rank transform for improved logo recognition (2014)

In this paper we address the challenging problem of logo recognition. As logos appear in various scales, colors and with illuminations coming from source lights of various intensities, positions or colors, their recognition is a tedious task. The typical approach stands within Bag-of-Words (BoW) framework with SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) based features. To increase the accuracy, we rely on the recently introduced feature of the complete rank transform, which we extend for a multi-scale description. The system's performance is verified on the FlickrLogos-32 database.
PERMIT: Network Slicing for Personalized 5G Mobile Telecommunications (2017)

5G mobile systems are expected to meet different strict requirements beyond the traditional operator use cases. Effectively, to accommodate needs of new industry segments such as healthcare and manufacturing, 5G systems need to accommodate elasticity, flexibility, dynamicity, scalability, manageability, agility, and customization along with different levels of service delivery parameters according to the service requirements. This is currently possible only by running the networks on top of the same infrastructure, the technology called network function virtualization, through this sharing of the development and infrastructure costs between the different networks. In this article, we discuss the need for the deep customization of mobile networks at different granularity levels: per network, per application, per group of users, per individual users, and even per data of users. The article also assesses the potential of network slicing to provide the appropriate customization and highlights the technology challenges. Finally, a high-level architectural solution is proposed, addressing a massive multi-slice environment.
Congestion control for bursty video traffic in ATM networks (1992)

Abstract In an ATM network, congestion controls as well as traffic controls, e.g., call admission control and policing control, are important to efficiently transmit multimedia traffic while satisfying their different required grade‐of‐services. This paper analyzes a congestion control scheme required for ATM networks. With the control scheme, when the buffer queue length in an ATM switch exceeds a certain threshold, congestion control is applied and. cells from lower priority traffic such as voice are rejected. As a result, higher‐priority traffic such as compressed video can be transferred with good quality. Cell loss probabilities are analyzed for each multimedia traffic at a switching machine buffer and the effectiveness of the congestion control is studied. By numerical examples it is shown that the threshold value to apply the congestion control is an important parameter for effectively transferring multimedia traffic.
Reliable host-to-host protocols (1977)

Host-to-host protocols capable of supporting internetworking and reliable transmission have been under development for several years. This paper discusses problems and techniques related to one type of reliable protocol, which features end-to-end positive acknowledgement, retransmission, internetwork addressing capabilities, and ordered delivery.
The effect of mixing different percentages of cow milk on the physiochemical characteristics of camel milk yoghurt and the sensory evaluation of yoghurt. (2015)

The objectives of this study were to determine the possibility of manufacturing yoghurt by mixing different percentages of cow milk to camel milk and to detect the effect of this on the physiochemical characteristics of camel milk yoghurt and the sensory evaluation of the yoghurt produced. Camel milk was mixed with cow milk to form 3 treatments: A (75% camel's milk +25% cow's milk), B (50% camel's milk +50% cow's milk) and C (25% camel's milk +75% cow's milk). The result has shown significant differences (p≤0.05) in physiochemical characteristics of the mean value of fat (5.10±0.115; 4.90±0.153; 4.60±0.208), protein (4.33±0.088; 4.07±0.088; 3.57±0.133), lactose (4.027±0.120; 3.97±0.088; 2.80±0.058), T.S. (14.50±0.321; 13.77±0.233; 11.87±0.167) and SNF (9.40±0.208; 8.87±0.120; 7.27±0.145) for the three treatments C, B and A, respectively. Camel milk yoghurt treatments have higher moisture content (p≥0.05) (88.13±0.167; 86.23±0.233; 85.50±0.321) for the three treatments A, B and C, respectively, but lower T.S.( 14.50±0.321; 13.77±0.233; 11.87±0.167) than pure cow milk yoghurt (15.37±0.219). Increase in lactose (4.027±0.120) was only observed with treatment C compared to cow milk yoghurt (4.06±0.0881). The effect of different samples from camel and cow milk yoghurt had no significant difference (p≥0.05) on pH, but significantly affected the acidity (0.79±0.0176; 0.78±.0173; 0.76±0.0153) of the mixture of camel and cow milk yoghurt treatments A, B and C, respectively compared to cow milk yoghurt (0.74±0.0163). The sensory evaluation of mixed camel and cow milk yoghurt
Detecting Changes in a Dynamic Social Network (2009)

Social network analysis (SNA) has become an important analytic tool for analyzing terrorist networks, friendly command and control structures, arms trade, biological warfare, the spread of diseases, among other applications. Detecting dynamic changes over time from an SNA perspective, may signal an underlying change within an organization, and may even predict significant events or behaviors. The challenges in detecting network change includes the lack of underlying statistical distributions to quantify significant change, as well as high relational dependence affecting assumptions of independence and normality. Additional challenges involve determining an algorithm that maximizes the probability of detecting change, given a risk level for false alarm. A suite of computational and statistical approaches for detecting change are identified and compared. The Neyman-Pearson most powerful test of simple hypotheses is extended as a cumulative sum statistical process control chart to detect network change over time. Anomaly detection approaches using exponentially weighted moving average or scan statistics investigate performance under conditions of potential time-series dependence.
Space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) payload for In-Orbit Demonstration (2012)

Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is a technology that enables Air Traffic Management (ATM) services by means of aircraft broadcasting signals including flight related information on a regular basis. Terrestrial-based ADS-B infrastructure is already deployed as alternative or add-on to radars. However, it is not feasible for remote, polar, and oceanic areas, accounting for 71% of the world surface. Space-based ADS-B is an innovative technology that covers this gap by making use of satellites to provide global coverage. Thales Alenia Space Deutschland GmbH is leading the “Space Based ADS-B In-Orbit Demonstration Payload Development for Air Traffic Surveillance Project” (SABIP) under the framework of the European Space Agency (ESA) General Support Technology Program (GSTP). This project is mainly aimed at demonstrating the functionality of this technology under representative space environment conditions, and to verifying the link budget of this payload for the various ADS-B compatible equipment onboard aircraft on different geo-locations. This paper goes through the mission requirements that drive the payload system design and introduces an advanced architecture, consisting of a dedicated antenna and a receiver unit. Likewise, it introduces benefits behind the development of this technology. ESA's support for the In-Orbit Demonstration (IOD) of this technology, expected in the final phase of this project, is key to lower the technical risks and hence, helps introduce this new technology.
Antibody activity in ankylosing spondylitis sera to two sites on HLA B27.1 at the MHC groove region (within sequence 65-85), and to a Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase reductase peptide (within sequence 181-199). (1990)

74 overlapping peptides of varying lengths from Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase reductase (residues 181-199) and from the HLA B27.1 molecule (residues 65-85) were synthesized and tested by ELISA against sera from HLA B27+ ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, and sera from HLA B27+ and HLA B27- healthy first-degree relatives. Antibody activity in AS sera to Klebsiella peptides of four to eight amino acids was maximal with the peptide NSRQTDR. Activity to HLA B27 peptides was maximal with the peptide KAKAQTDR (named epitope I). These peptides overlap with, but are proximal to the NH2 terminus from QTDRED, which is homologous in HLA B27.1 and K. pneumoniae nitrogenase reductase. A second weaker reactive site was noted in the HLA B27.1 peptides, proximal to the COOH terminus from the homologous sequence, namely peptide REDLRTLL (named epitope II). Little activity was seen against peptides that included the entire homologous sequence. Sera from 50 AS patients showed higher total Ig activity against peptides KAKAQTDR (p less than 0.001) and NSRQTDR (p less than 0.02) than did sera from 22 B27+ and 22 B27- healthy controls. These data indicate that AS patient sera contain antibodies that bind to K. pneumoniae nitrogenase peptides and HLA B27.1 peptides, and that there are at least two epitopes on HLA B27.1 in the alpha 1 domain, at the MHC groove region, that are autoantigenic in AS patients. Epitope I may be a site for crossreactivity between HLA B27 and Klebsiella.
Bilayer Phosphorene: Effect of Stacking Order on Bandgap and Its Potential Applications in Thin-Film Solar Cells (2014)

Phosphorene, a monolayer of black phosphorus, is promising for nanoelectronic applications not only because it is a natural p-type semiconductor but also because it possesses a layer-number-dependent direct bandgap (in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 eV). On basis of the density functional theory calculations, we investigate electronic properties of the bilayer phosphorene with different stacking orders. We find that the direct bandgap of the bilayers can vary from 0.78 to 1.04 eV with three different stacking orders. In addition, a vertical electric field can further reduce the bandgap to 0.56 eV (at the field strength 0.5 V/Å). More importantly, we find that when a monolayer of MoS2 is superimposed with the p-type AA- or AB-stacked bilayer phosphorene, the combined trilayer can be an effective solar-cell material with type-II heterojunction alignment. The power conversion efficiency is predicted to be ∼18 or 16% with AA- or AB-stacked bilayer phosphorene, higher than reported efficiencies of the state-of-the-art trilayer graphene/transition metal dichalcogenide solar cells.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Lactacystin (1996)

A total synthesis of the novel neurotrophic agent (+)-lactacystin (1) has been achieved in 11 steps and 14% overall yield from (2R,3S)-3-hydroxyleucine [(+)-16]. The construction and bioassay of several active analogs are also described. A new asymmetric approach furnished the four stereoisomers of 3-hydroxyleucine, as required starting materials in high overall yield and enantiomeric purity.
Electrochemical radiofluorination. 3. Direct labeling of phenylalanine derivatives with [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoride after anodic oxidation (2005)

Abstract As an example of applying the electrochemical method in radiofluorination a new procedure was developed for preparing [ 18 F]fluorophenylalanine by direct use of [ 18 F]fluoride. Several protecting groups for amino and carboxylic function of phenylalanine were investigated. Best results were obtained for N ‐trifluoroacetylphenylalanine methyl ester ( 1 ) (10.5±2.5%) with a relative isomeric distribution of 50.5±1.5% ortho isomer, 11.5±1.5% meta isomer and 38.8±2.1% para isomer. Optimized reaction conditions were with Et 3 N·3HF as supporting electrolyte and temperatures between 0 and –10°C. By variation of working potential (1.5–2.0 V) and chloride concentration (added as supporting electrolyte, 0.0–0.36 M) it was demonstrated that an indirect electrolysis as reaction mechanism or a halogen exchange (halex) reaction with primary formation of a chlorinated product followed by halogen exchange are highly improbable. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity to polyamine-induced growth arrest correlates with antizyme induction in prostate carcinoma cells. (1999)

High local polyamine concentrations may suppress cell growth of primary prostatic carcinomas. When cell growth assays were conducted in defined serum-free medium, spermine inhibited the growth of poorly metastatic rat prostate carcinoma cells, causing cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. In contrast, highly metastatic prostate carcinoma cells were resistant to the growth inhibitory activity of spermine. Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme levels, measured by Western blotting, were elevated 1-2 h after spermine treatment of spermine-sensitive cells but not spermine-resistant cells. Spermine uptake was similar in both the sensitive and resistant cell lines. These results suggest that failure to induce antizyme correlates with spermine resistance in prostate carcinoma.
Comparison between low-cost marker-less and high-end marker-based motion capture systems for the computer-aided assessment of working ergonomics (2015)

The paper deals with the comparison between a high-end marker-based acquisition system and a low-cost marker-less methodology for the assessment of the human posture during working tasks. The low-cost methodology is based on the use of a single Microsoft Kinect V1 device. The high-end acquisition system is the BTS SMART that requires the use of reflective markers to be placed on the subject's body. Three practical working activities involving object lifting and displacement have been investigated. The operational risk has been evaluated according to the lifting equation proposed by the American National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The results of the study show that the risk multipliers computed from the two acquisition methodologies are very close for all the analysed activities. In agreement to this outcome, the marker-less methodology based on the Microsoft Kinect V1 device seems very promising to promote the dissemination of computer-aided assessment of ergonomics while maintaining good accuracy and affordable costs. PRACTITIONER’S SUMMARY: The study is motivated by the increasing interest for on-site working ergonomics assessment. We compared a low-cost marker-less methodology with a high-end marker-based system. We tested them on three different working tasks, assessing the working risk of lifting loads. The two methodologies showed comparable precision in all the investigations.
Type-based safe resource deallocation for shared-memory concurrency (2012)

We propose a type system to guarantee safe resource deallocation for shared-memory concurrent programs by extending the previous type system based on fractional ownerships. Here, safe resource deallocation means that memory cells, locks, or threads are not left allocated when a program terminates. Our framework supports (1) fork/join parallelism, (2) synchronization with locks, and (3) dynamically allocated memory cells and locks. The type system is proved to be sound. We also provide a type inference algorithm for the type system and a prototype implementation of the algorithm.
Spectroscopic studies of nickel(<scp>II</scp>) carbonic anhydrase and its adducts with inorganic anions (1991)

Nickel(II) carbonic anhydrase, NiBCA II, and its adducts with nitrate, acetate, cyanate and azide, have been investigated through 1H NMR and electronic absorption spectroscopies. From the pH dependence of the molar absorbance the acidity constants of NiBCA were determined. The anions bind to the metal ion forming 1 : 1 adducts, and the corresponding affinity constants have been determined. The 1H NMR spectra of NiBCA and its adducts have been recorded, and the signals corresponding to the meta-like protons of the co-ordinated histidines followed by 1H NMR titration. The T1 values of these signals were measured and resonance assignments made based on nuclear Overhauser enhancement experiments. The co-ordination geometry of the metal ion in NiBCA and its adducts is discussed on the basis of the temperature dependence of the isotropic shifts, molar absorbance, and longitudinal relaxation times.
Retinoid‐related molecule AGN193198 potently induces G<sub>2</sub>M arrest and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells (2005)

The novel synthetic retinoid-related molecule 4-[3-(1-heptyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-oxo-propenyl]benzoic acid (AGN193198) neither binds effectively to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) nor transactivates in RAR- and RXR-mediated reporter assays. Even so, AGN193198 is potent in inducing apoptosis in human prostate and breast carcinoma cells (Keedwell et al., Cancer Res 2004;64:3302-12). Here, we extend these findings to show that AGN193198 potently and rapidly induces apoptosis in bladder carcinoma cell lines. One micromolar of AGN193198 completely abolished the growth of the transitional cell carcinoma lines UM-UC-3 and J82, and the squamous cell carcinoma line SCaBER; the transitional cell papilloma line RT-4 was slightly less sensitive to the growth inhibitory effect of AGN193198. Treated cells accumulated in the G2M phase of the cell cycle. This was accompanied by apoptosis, as revealed by staining cells for exposure of phosphatidylserine at their surface (binding of Annexin V) and FACS analysis of propidium iodide labeled cells. As reported for prostate cancer cells, AGN193198 provoked rapid activation of caspases-3 (by 6 hr), -8 (by 16 hr) and -9 (by 6 hr) in bladder cancer cells. These findings suggest that AGN193198 and related compounds, whose mechanism of action does not appear to involve RARs and RXRs, may be useful in the treatment of bladder cancer.
A Transient Life (2010)

This chapter highlights the impact civil service examinations had on the physical mobility of Song scholar-officials. It shows that not only did an attraction to examination learning and court service make elite men of the Song frequent travelers, the same commitment also profoundly shaped the patterns of their movements. The trips these men took to attend school and participate in the examinations brought top talent to the cultural and political centers of the realm, and once employed, government service required that they embark on journeys of even greater length and scope. This placed civil servants at the mercy of imperial policies and the factionalism that afflicted both the Northern and Southern Song courts.
A Form of the Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Mutations in <i>DYRK1B</i> (2014)

These findings indicate a role for DYRK1B in adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis and associate its altered function with an inherited form of the metabolic syndrome. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
Frequency-specific network topologies in the resting human brain (2014)

A community is a set of nodes with dense inter-connections, while there are sparse connections between different communities. A hub is a highly connected node with high centrality. It has been shown that both "communities" and "hubs" exist simultaneously in the brain's functional connectivity network (FCN), as estimated by correlations among low-frequency spontaneous fluctuations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal changes (0.01-0.10 Hz). This indicates that the brain has a spatial organization that promotes both segregation and integration of information. Here, we demonstrate that frequency-specific network topologies that characterize segregation and integration also exist within this frequency range. In investigating the coherence spectrum among 87 brain regions, we found that two frequency bands, 0.01-0.03 Hz (very low frequency [VLF] band) and 0.07-0.09 Hz (low frequency [LF] band), mainly contributed to functional connectivity. Comparing graph theoretical indices for the VLF and LF bands revealed that the network in the former had a higher capacity for information segregation between identified communities than the latter. Hubs in the VLF band were mainly located within the anterior cingulate cortices, whereas those in the LF band were located in the posterior cingulate cortices and thalamus. Thus, depending on the timescale of brain activity, at least two distinct network topologies contributed to information segregation and integration. This suggests that the brain intrinsically has timescale-dependent functional organizations.
Microbiological degradation of pesticides in yard waste composting (1991)

Changes in public opinion and legislation have led to the general recognition that solid waste treatment practices must be changed. Solid-waste disposal by landfill is becoming increasingly expensive and regulated and no longer represents a long-term option in view of limited land space and environmental problems. Yard waste, a significant component of municipal solid waste, has previously not been separated from the municipal solid-waste stream. The treatment of municipal solid waste including yard waste must urgently be addressed because disposal via landfill will be prohibited by legislation. Separation of yard waste from municipal solid waste will be mandated in many localities, thus stressing the importance of scrutinizing current composting practices in treating grass clippings, leaves, and other yard residues. Yard waste poses a potential environmental health problem as a result of the widespread use of pesticides in lawn and tree care and the persistence of the residues of these chemicals in plant tissue. Yard waste containing pesticides may present a problem due to the recalcitrant and toxic nature of the pesticide molecules. Current composting processes are based on various modifications of either window systems or in-vessel systems. Both types of processes are ultimately dependent on microbial bioconversions of organic material to innocuous end products. The critical stage of the composting process is the thermophilic phase. The fate and mechanism of removal of pesticides in composting processes is largely unknown and in need of comprehensive analysis.
The association of microalbuminuria and mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A systematic overview of the literature. (1997)

Microalbuminuria is a strong predictor of total and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with NIDDM.