gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Various Catheter Semiconductor Radiation Detectors and Their Application to Clinical Medicine (1972)

A catheter semiconductor radiation detector (CASRAD) probe which can be placed safely inside a human body for the measurement of beta-ray activity was developed. To fulfill specific requirements arising from medical purposes, the detector element of the CASRAD probe is made by a silicon p-n junction diode of single-ended coaxial structure, 2.3 mm in diameter and 1-4 mm long. Difficulties of electronic noise caused by vibration of a long cable approximately 120 cm in length was solved by using a subminiature noiseless coaxial cable. The overall noise level of the CASRAD probe at 20 V bias and 40°C is less than about 40 keV beta rays equivalent. Therefore, the probe can be used to detect beta rays from 14C, 85Kr, 32P etc., provided window thickness of the probe is chosen properly. The beta-ray sensitivity of a CASRAD probe type TCK-2 is about 5,000 cpm/?Ci/ml of 32P solution. The CASRAD probe type TCK-2 has been used to hemodynamic studies including measurement of circulation time, detection of left-to-right intracardiac shunt, continuous measurement of cardiac output and measurement of coronary blood flow. Pulmonary function also has been studied by using a CASRAD probe with a collimator and 85Kr as an indicator. Malignancies of various organs such as the esophagus, stomach, lung , uterus and breast have been diagnosed by means of 32P and the CASRAD probe.
"After Three Days" (1960)

According to Mt. xxvii 63, chief priests and Pharisees went to Pilate morrow, which is Preparation, presumably on Good Friday sunset, and said: Sir, we remember how that imposter said, while he was still alive, After three I rise 1) again.... Neither in Matthew nor in Luke is this expression recorded as uttered by Jesus, but only words to effect that He will be raised on third 2). Alone in Mark viii 31 we find Him recorded as saying, the Son of Man must suffer many things, and be rejected by elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and three rise again. And He said this plainly. That, or a like statement, is what Pharisees had over-heard, and now recalled before Pilate, whom they therefore requested to order sepulchre to be made secure until third day 3). Now prevailing view of commentators is that these two expressions after three days and third day are equivalent. But there are grounds for denying this, and for equating after n days with (n+I)th day. For in Acts xxviii I3 after one day clearly means second day, and in Jn. iv 43 after two days of His stay in Samaria must mean that He left third day. This latter equation is revealed also in synonymous parallelism of Hosea vi 2:
Prediction of Microclimate pH in Poly(lactic-<i>c</i><i>o</i>-glycolic Acid) Films (2006)

An equilibrium mathematical model that accurately predicts microclimate pH (mupH) in thin biodegradable polymer films of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is described. mupH kinetics was shown to be primarily a function of: (i) kinetics of water-soluble acid content and composition in the polymer matrix and (ii) polymer/water partition coefficient of water-soluble degradation products (P(i)). Polymers were coated on standard pH glass electrodes, and mupH was measured potentiometrically. Water-soluble acid distribution and content in PLGA films were determined by pre-derivatization HPLC. Polymer degradation products partitioned favorably in the polymer phase relative to water (P(i) range: approximately 6-100), and P(i) increased with increasing hydrophobicity of the acidic species according to a linear free energy law related to reversed phase HPLC retention time for the corresponding derivatized bromophenacyl esters. The mupH predicted by the model was in excellent agreement with experimental mupH for several PLGAs as a function of time and PLGA lactic/glycolic acid ratio. These data may be useful to slowly release pH-sensitive PLGA-encapsulated bioactive substances and provide a general framework for predicting partitioning behavior of degradation products in biodegradable polymers.
Linking gender and second language education in a database (2005)

Este articulo define los fundamentos de una base de datos especializada en los factores sexo/genero en el aprendizaje y ensenanza de lenguas. En primer lugar, describimos las conexiones entre genero', sexo, coeducacion, y aprendizaje/ensenanza de lenguas. En segundo lugar, repasamos las principales bases de datos disponibles en red y en CD-ROM relacionadas con los factores sexo/genero,y coeducacion, dentro del campo de aprendizaje y ensenanza de segundas lenguas. Por ultimo, esbozamos un posible modelo de base de datos que puede ser de utilidad a la hora de investigar y ensenar cuestiones relacionadas con los factores sexo/genero, y coeducacion, en el contexto de aprendizaje y ensenanza de segundas lenguas.
A perfusion phantom for quantitative medical imaging (2008)

A perfusion phantom with unique features and a wide variety of applications in MR and other imaging modalities is presented. The phantom is especially suited for tissue perfusion simulation with diffusible and non-diffusible MR tracers. A network of micro-channels in the scale of actual capillaries replicates the blood flow in tissues. Using microfabrication techniques, networks with any desired pattern can be generated. Since the geometry of networks is known, flow rate, delay, dispersion and other fluid parameters can be exactly calculated using finite elements numerical methods. These calculated results can be used to investigate the accuracy of experimental measurements and the precision of mathematical models.
Improvements and performance analysis of IEEE 80211 medium access protocols (2009)

In IEEE 802.11 standard development process, new physical and medium access layer techniques for higher throughput (IEEE 802.11n) and quality of service (IEEE 802.11e) enhancements are being designed on solid foundation of the distributed coordination function. None of these recently developed enhancements are immune to hidden node and hot-spot (congestion) problems. On the contrary, the increased operational bandwith of the higher throughput implementation makes them more prone to interference in limited number of IEEE 802.11 channels. Distributed coordination function is and will be the primary contention resolution algorithm of IEEE 802.11 systems. Identification and formulation of the common problems this channel access technique is facing in practical networks would give us a better understanding in terms of its limitations. In this work, we introduce a methodology to estimate the throughput performance of distributed coordination in unsaturated and hidden communication environments. Then by applying this methodology, we analytically estimate the abnormality in its fairness performance. The secondary channel access scheme of IEEE 802.11 is point coordination function, which does not suffer from hidden node and collision problems. We show that point coordination function in its current form has a poor throughput performance due to ignoring of the multi-rate transmission capability of users. We propose a new indexing algorithm for polling that increases the performance of point coordination function significantly. In this thesis, we extend the performance analysis of the distributed coordination function to enterprise networks configurations where networks are typically comprised of multiple access points. We propose an intelligent association algorithm that provides consistent higher throughput and better network-wide fairness independent of user load distribution within the network in comparison to the standard association algorithm.
Survey of the Various Operating Principles of Ultrasonic Piezomotors (2006)

Piezoelectric ultrasonic motors have been known for more than 30 years. In recent years especially, a large number of different designs have been developed, both for rotation and linear drives. This talk will provide a definition of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors and classify their different operating principles. The operation of each type will then be explained, commercially available implementations described and the advantages and disadvantages of each discussed. The goal is to provide an international perspective on the current state of development of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors.
Pattern Recognition for Automatic Visual Inspection (1982)

Three major approaches to pattern recognition, (1) template matching, (2) decision-theoretic approach, and (3) structural and syntactic approach, are briefly introduced. The application of these approaches to automatic visual inspection of manufactured products are then reviewed. A more general method for automatic visual inspection of IC chips is then proposed. Several practical examples are included for illustration.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Fabrication of Antireflective Films Composed of High and Low Refractive Index Layers Using Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Method (2007)

We introduce a novel and versatile approach for controlling anti-reflective (AR) properties of multilayer films based on layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly (SA) method. For the fabrication of these films, blend (i.e., mixed) layers containing both polyanions (i.e., titanium precursor (TALH) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS)) were assembled with polycation (i.e., poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDAD)) for the formation of the high refractive index multilayers and on the other hand, the negatively charged silica particles with the diameter of about 100 nm were employed for low refractive index layer. The refractive index of TALH:PSS/PDAD multilayer was controlled by blending ratio and annealing temperature as TALH has the relatively high refractive index (n = 1.68) in comparison with that (n = 1.46) of conventional polyelectrolytes (PEs) at room temperature and furthermore these titanium precursors are partially changed into TiO2 with relatively high refractive indices (n = 1.50 ~ 1.81) at annealing temperature of 250 oC. In the case of silica particle layer used for low refractive index layer, the calculated refractive index was about 1.35 due to much vacancy among the adsorbed silica colloids although the inherent refractive index of silica material is about 1.45. As a result, the films composed of TALH:PSS/PDAD multilayers with tunable refractive index and silica colloidal layer can easily modulate the optical properties of multilayer films by blending ratio and heat treatment.
Practical long range guided wave testing: applications to pipes and rails (2003)

The testing of large structures using conventional ultrasonic bulk wave techniques is slow because the test region is limited to the area immediately surrounding the transducer. Therefore, scanning is required if the whole structure is to be tested. Ultrasonic guided waves potentially provide an attractive solution to this problem because they can be excited at one location on the structure and will propagate many meters, returning echoes indicating the presence of corrosion or other discontinuities. However, guided wave testing is complicated by the presence of many possible wave modes, most of which are dispersive. These guided wave characteristics offer a wealth of opportunities for the extraction of information about the structure, but it is crucial to manage this complexity if the test is to be useable in industrial practice. Guided waves can be used in three regimes, which have been researched extensively by many authors: short range (« 1 m [39 in.], for example leaky lamb wave testing of composite materials and high frequency surface wave scanning), medium range (up to about 5 m [16.4 ft], for example shear horizontal and lamb waves in the 250 kHz to 1 MHz frequency range for plate and tube testing) and long range (up to 100 m [328 ft], for example the testing of pipelines). This paper concentrates on long range testing using frequencies below 100 kHz. The progress from research work to a robust, commercial pipe testing system is described, together with the more recent development of a test for rail. Future directions for guided wave testing are then discussed.
The inhibition of high and low molecular weight urokinase in plasma (1980)

The rates of inhibition of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) urokinase (UK) incubated in plasma or with purified antithrombin III (AT-III) were compared. Using a fibrinolytic assay system to determine residual biologic activity, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to demonstrate the formation of complexes, and selective immunoprecipitation techniques to identify the plasma inhibitors participating in the neutralization process, it was established that: (A) HMW-UK is inhibited more rapidly than LMW-UK, both in plasma and with purified AT-III; (B) heparin (3--10 U/ml accelerates the neutralization process in both systems, but only slightly; and (C) in plasma, several inhibitors, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and antithrombin III, neutralize the activity of HMW-UK and LMW-UK.
Neural networks for gesture-based remote control of a mobile robot (2002)

We present a neural network architecture for gesture-based interaction between a mobile robot and its user, thereby spanning a bridge from the localisation of the user over the recognition of its gestural instruction to the generation of the appropriate robot behavior. Since this system is applied under real-world conditions, especially concerning the localisation of a human user, some proper techniques are needed which have an adequate robustness. Hence, the combination of several components of saliency towards a multi-cue approach, integrating structure- and color-based features, is proposed. At the moment, the gestures themselves are very simple and can be described by the spatial relation between face and hands of the person. The organisation of the appropriate robot behavior is realised by means of a mixture of neural agents, responsible for certain aspects of the navigation task. Due to the complexity of the whole system, above all we use "standard neural network models", which are modified or extended according to the task at hand. Preliminary results show the reliability of the overall approach as well as the sufficient functionality of the already realised sub-modules.
Cuckoo++ Hash Tables: High-Performance Hash Tables for Networking Applications (2017)

Hash tables are an essential data-structure for numerous networking applications (e.g., connection tracking, firewalls, network address translators). Among these, cuckoo hash tables provide excellent performance by allowing lookups to be processed with very few memory accesses (2 to 3 per lookup). Yet, for large tables, cuckoo hash tables remain memory bound and each memory access impacts performance. In this paper, we propose algorithmic improvements to cuckoo hash tables allowing to eliminate some unnecessary memory accesses; these changes are conducted without altering the properties of the original cuckoo hash table so that all existing theoretical analysis remain applicable. On a single core, our hash table achieves 37M lookups per second for positive lookups (i.e., when the key looked up is present in the table), and 60M lookups per second for negative lookups, a 50% improvement over the implementation included into the DPDK. On a 18-core, with mostly positive lookups, our implementation achieves 496M lookups per second, a 45% improvement over DPDK.
Isolation of a .BETA.-mannan hydrolyzing enzyme and hydrolysis of guar gum by the enzyme isolated. (1990)

A β-l, 4-mannan hydrolyzing enzyme was isolated from an extract preparation of Koji culture of a strain of Asp. niger on wheat bran. After desalting through a column of Sephadex G-50, the enzyme was purified by chromatography on columns of DEAE-Toyopearl 650 S and calcium hydroxylapatite. The optimum pH of the purified enzyme on guar gum was about 5, but even at pH 7. 0, the enzyme showed the activity of 70 % of that at the opt. pH. The enzyme was relatively stable to heat and active at 60°C. The enzyme hydrolyzed locust bean gum, glucomannan, and guar gum and the maximum degrees of hydrolysis were 30, 25, and 15 %, respectively. In the hydrolysate of guar gum were found a trace amount of mannose and small amounts of bioses whose structures were mannobiose and Gal-16-Man. Several other oligosaccharides of trioses and those of more sugar residues were also observed. But, the major part of the hydrolysates of guar gum were those consisted of ten or more sugar residues . This result indicates that, though guar gum consists of 6 parts of mannose and 4 parts of galactose, the fine structure is far from those so far reported as a repeated structure of Gal-1, 6-β-Man-1, 4-Man where mannosidic linkages constitute the main chain. Experiments using rats revealed that supplying guar gum digests with above enzyme as a food additive results in decrease of total content of lipids including cholesterol and triglycer ides in the liver.
La noción de sanción administrativa en la STC 276/2000, de 16 de noviembre de 2000: Una nota discrepante (2001)

Bladder cancer remains a common and insidious disease in the United States. There have been several advances in the understanding of the biology of bladder cancer, novel diagnostic tools, improvements in multidisciplinary care pathways, and new therapeutics for advanced disease over the past few decades. Clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy for new treatments in each disease state, but additional work is needed to advance the effectiveness of bladder cancer care. Real world data provide critical information regarding patterns of care, adverse events, and outcomes helping to bridge the efficacy versus effectiveness gap.
Universal Algorithms for Channel Decoding of Uncompressed Sources (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In many applications, an uncompressed source stream is systematically encoded by a channel code (which ignores the source redundancy) for transmission over a discrete memoryless channel. The decoder knows the channel and the code but does not know the source statistics. This paper proposes several universal channel decoders that take advantage of the source redundancy without requiring prior knowledge of its statistics. </para>
Shape‐memory materials: a review of technology and applications (2009)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the technology and applications of shape‐memory materials (SMMs). Design/methodology/approach This paper initially considers various classes of SMMs and their properties. It then discusses applications and concludes with a brief review of recent research and future prospects. Findings SMMs include shape‐memory alloys (SMAs), ferromagnetic SMAs (FSMAs) and shape‐memory polymers (SMPs), which change shape when influenced by temperature and other stimuli. SMAs comprising nickel‐titanium alloys were discovered and commercialised first and find uses in fittings, seals, valves, actuators and medical devices due to their thermoelastic properties. Their pseudoelastic properties are exploited in spectacle frames and other deformable metal products. FSMAs and SMPs were discovered more recently and are at an early stage of commercialisation and remain the topic of on‐going research. Pilot applications are being investigated in the healthcare, aerospace, automotive and other industries. All classes of SMMs have prospects for more widespread uses in the future. Originality/value Provides a detailed review of SMM materials, products and application and an insight into future developments.
Inhibition of Methanogenesis from Acetate in Granular Sludge by Long-Chain Fatty Acids (1987)

The effect of four saturated long-chain fatty acids (caprylic, capric, lauric, and myristic) and one unsaturated long-chain fatty acid (oleic) on the microbial formation of methane from acetate was investigated in batch anaerobic toxicity assays. The tests were carried out with granular sludge from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor. In this sludge, Methanothrix spp. are the predominant acetoclastic methanogens. Lauric acid appeared to be the most versatile inhibitor: inhibition started at 1.6 mM, and at 4.3 mM the maximum specific acetoclastic methanogenic activity had been reduced to 50%. Caprylic acid appeared to be only slightly inhibitory. Oleic acid was almost as inhibitory as lauric acid. Although adsorption of the inhibitor on the cell wall might play an important role in the mechanism of inhibition, the inhibition was found to be correlated with concentration rather than with the amount per unit of biomass. In practical situations, as in anaerobic waste treatment processes, synergism can be expected to enhance the inhibition of methanogenesis. In the present research a background concentration of lauric acid below its MIC strongly enhanced the toxicity of capric acid and (to an even greater extent) myristic acid.
Using Dependency Structures for Prioritization of Functional Test Suites (2012)

Test case prioritization is the process of ordering the execution of test cases to achieve a certain goal, such as increasing the rate of fault detection. Increasing the rate of fault detection can provide earlier feedback to system developers, improving fault fixing activity and, ultimately, software delivery. Many existing test case prioritization techniques consider that tests can be run in any order. However, due to functional dependencies that may exist between some test cases-that is, one test case must be executed before another-this is often not the case. In this paper, we present a family of test case prioritization techniques that use the dependency information from a test suite to prioritize that test suite. The nature of the techniques preserves the dependencies in the test ordering. The hypothesis of this work is that dependencies between tests are representative of interactions in the system under test, and executing complex interactions earlier is likely to increase the fault detection rate, compared to arbitrary test orderings. Empirical evaluations on six systems built toward industry use demonstrate that these techniques increase the rate of fault detection compared to the rates achieved by the untreated order, random orders, and test suites ordered using existing "coarse-grained” techniques based on function coverage.
Stable field emission from hydrothermally grown ZnO nanotubes (2006)

Zinc oxide nanotube arrays were prepared by hydrothermal reaction in ammonia and zinc chloride solutions, and the field emission properties were tested. The turn-on field of the field emission was extrapolated to be about 7.0V∕μm at a current density of 0.1μA∕cm2. Meanwhile, the emission current densities reached 1mA∕cm2 at a bias field of 17.8V∕μm. The field enhancement factor β was estimated to be 910. The field emission of the zinc oxide nanotubes showed good stability. The variation of emission current density was less than 10% during a 24h test under a field of 15V∕μm.
Weighted pseudorandom hybrid BIST (2004)

This paper presents a new test data-compression scheme that is a hybrid approach between external testing and built-in self-test (BIST). The proposed approach is based on weighted pseudorandom testing and uses a novel approach for compressing and storing the weight sets. Three levels of compression are used to greatly reduce test costs. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme reduces tester storage requirements and tester bandwidth requirements by orders of magnitude compared to conventional external testing, but requires much less area overhead than a full BIST implementation providing the same fault coverage. No test points or any modifications are made to the function logic. The paper describes the proposed hybrid BIST architecture as well as two different ways of storing the weight sets, which are an integral part of this scheme.