gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Trusted Data Storage Infrastructure for Grid-Based Medical Applications (2008)

Most existing Grid technology has been foremost designed with performance and scalability in mind. When using Grid infrastructure for medical applications, privacy and security considerations become paramount. This leads to a re-thinking of implementation and deployment aspects of common components of the current Grid architecture. This paper describes the impact of privacy and security considerations on the Grid infrastructure design, and enumerates trust aspects which must underpin the design of Grid technology to support medical applications. We propose a novel security framework for securely handling privacy sensitive information on the Grid.
A Glutamate Pathway to Faster-Acting Antidepressants? (2010)

Activation of mTOR, a ubiquitous protein, in the prefrontal cortex could be a key goal of new drugs.
Overview of 1366-2001 the Full Use Guide on Electric Power Distribution Reliability Indices (2003)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and describe the formation of 1366-2001 Full-Use Guide for Electric Power Distribution Reliability Indices. Members of the Working Group on System Design and its Task Force on Distribution Reliability Indices have been working on this project since the late 1980s. This group has grown from a few participants to 150 active members. They have written the Guide to assist utility management, public service commissions, customers, and staff engineers with understanding distribution reliability indices and the factors that affect them. In the last few years there has been a need for 1366 to become more of a benchmarking guideline with strict definitions. The WG and TF have endeavored to address this concern.
Evaluation of a single‐step multiplex RT‐PCR for influenza virus type and subtype detection in respiratory samples (2002)

A single-step multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the simultaneous detection of influenza virus type and subtypes was evaluated for its use in clinical specimens. One part of each specimen was tested using an established standard culture and/or monoclonal antibody-based immunofluorescence assay method, and the other part was tested by the multiplex RT-PCR method for the presence or absence of the influenza virus, and its type and subtype. Sixty-seven specimens were examined. The results revealed a strong agreement between the data obtained by the established method and those obtained by the multiplex RT-PCR.
Determination of the Ex Vivo Rates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcription by Using Novel Strand-Specific Amplification Analysis (2007)

Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), like all organisms, involves synthesis of a minus-strand and a plus-strand of nucleic acid. Currently available PCR methods cannot distinguish between the two strands of nucleic acids. To carry out detailed analysis of HIV-1 reverse transcription from infected cells, we have developed a novel strand-specific amplification (SSA) assay using single-stranded padlock probes that are specifically hybridized to a target strand, ligated, and quantified for sensitive analysis of the kinetics of HIV-1 reverse transcription in cells. Using SSA, we have determined for the first time the ex vivo rates of HIV-1 minus-strand DNA synthesis in 293T and human primary CD4(+) T cells ( approximately 68 to 70 nucleotides/min). We also determined the rates of minus-strand DNA transfer ( approximately 4 min), plus-strand DNA transfer ( approximately 26 min), and initiation of plus-strand DNA synthesis ( approximately 9 min) in 293T cells. Additionally, our results indicate that plus-strand DNA synthesis is initiated at multiple sites and that several reverse transcriptase inhibitors influence the kinetics of minus-strand DNA synthesis differently, providing insights into their mechanism of inhibition. The SSA technology provides a novel approach to analyzing DNA replication processes and should facilitate the development of new antiretroviral drugs that target specific steps in HIV-1 reverse transcription.
Enzyme Immobilization on Microelectrode Biosensors (2013)

Protein immobilization is a key step in biosensor preparation that impacts on the overall performance. Among the wide variety of immobilization techniques currently available, only a few have been reliably applied in vivo. In this chapter, we discuss five different enzyme immobilization procedures, namely covalent immobilization by cross-linking using glutaraldehyde, poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE), or a hydrogel matrix and enzyme entrapment in a sol–gel or polypyrrole-derived matrices. We describe in detail experimental protocols for each method as applied to glucose oxidase and glutamate oxidase-based biosensors. Enzymatic microelectrodes prepared using these five different procedures were then compared in terms of sensitivity, response time, linear range, apparent Michaelis–Menten constant, and stability. An optimal method would ideally be nontoxic, simple, and cheap and display high sensitivity, a large linear range, and relatively fast response time. Although there is no current consensus on an ideal immobilization method, PEGDE and sol–gel techniques are potentially promising procedures for in vivo laboratory studies.
Constitutive expression of the iron-enterochelin and ferrichrome uptake systems in a mutant strain of Salmonella typhimurium (1978)

Two high-affinity iron uptake systems are known in Salmonella typhimurium, one utilizing iron-enterochelin and the other utilizing ferrichrome. It has been shown previously that expression of several elements of the iron-enterochelin uptake system are regulated by the iron content of the medium, with growth in high-iron medium resulting in repression of enzymes of enterochelin synthesis and degradation and of the ability of whole cells to take up iron-enterochelin. In this study we describe a mutant strain in which growth in high-iron medium was associated with constitutive expression of: (i) iron-enterochelin uptake by whole cells; (ii) ferrichrome uptake by whole cells; (iii) synthesis of enterochelin; (iv) intracellular degradation of iron-enterochelin; and (v) synthesis of three major outer membrane proteins (OM1, OM2, and OM3). In contrast, in the wild-type strain these properties were expressed only after growth in iron-deficient medium. It is proposed that the mutation affects a gene responsible for regulating expression of the structural genes for the components of the high-affinity iron uptake systems. The term fur, for iron (Fe) uptake regulation, is suggested for this new class of mutant.
On the Dialectics of Charisma in Marina Abramović’s<i>The Artist is Present</i> (2016)

While ‘charisma’ can be found in dramatic and theatrical parlance, the term enjoys only minimal critical attention in theatre and performance studies, with scholarly work on presence and actor training methods taking the lead in defining charisma’s supposed ‘undefinable’ quality. Within this context, the article examines the appearance of the term ‘charismatic space’ in relation to Marina Abramovic’s retrospective The Artist is Present at New York’s Museum of Modern Art in 2010. Here Abramovic uses this term to describe the shared space in which performer and spectator connect bodily, psychically, and spiritually through a shared sense of presence and energy in the moment of performance. Yet this is a space arguably constituted through a number of dialectical tensions and contradictions which, in dialogue with existing theatre scholarship on charisma, can be further understood by drawing on insights into charismatic leaders and charismatic authority in leadership studies. By examining the performance and its documentary traces in terms of dialectics we consider the political and ethical implications for how we think about power relations between artist/spectator in a neoliberal, market-driven art context. Here an alternative approach to conceiving of and facilitating a charismatic space is proposed which instead foregrounds what Bracha L. Ettinger calls a ‘matrixial encounter-event’: A relation of coexistence and compassion rather than dominance of self over other; performer over spectator; leader over follower. By illustrating the dialectical tensions in The Artist is Present, we consider the potential of the charismatic space not as generated through the seductive power or charm of an individual whose authority is tied to his/her ‘presence’, but as something co-produced within an ethical and relational space of trans-subjectivity.
Applicability of the Arndt-Eistert Reaction to Fluorinated Acids and Their Derivatives<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplicability of the Arndt-Eistert Reaction to Fluorinated Acids and Their Derivatives1J. D. PARK, ERIC R. LARSEN, HOWARD V. HOLLER, and J. R. LACHERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 8, 1166–1169Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01102a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01102a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Review of foamed bitumen stabilisation mix design methods (2011)

Foamed bitumen is a mixture of hot bitumen, water and air. This report investigates international and Australian methods used to determine mix properties and design optimum bitumen and secondary binder contents for the construction of foamed bitumen stabilised pavements. Based on the review, it is recommended that the Austroads Guide to Pavement Technology Part 4D Stabilised Materials be amended and updated to reflect the current state of the art in foamed bitumen mix design.
Novel benefits of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors on cardiovascular risk (2013)

Treatments that activate PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and PPAR-δ alone or in combination have the potential to reduce cardiovascular risk although multiple independent mechanisms. Treatment with PPAR agonists can reduce the burden of atherogenic postprandial lipoproteins and improve vascular function, reduce inflammation and inhibit foam cell formation. All of these would be expected to have favorable effects on cardiovascular risk. The challenge remains to develop compounds that maximize these potential cardiovascular benefits while minimizing undesirable effects of these compounds.
The use of machine learning program LERS-LB 2.5 in knowledge acquisition for expert system development in nursing. (1992)

LERS-LB (Learning from Examples using Rough Sets Lower Boundaries) is a computer program based on rough set theory for knowledge acquisition, which extracts patterns from real-world data in generating production rules for expert system development. From LERS-LB evaluation of an SPSS-X data file containing data for recovery room patients, it was concluded that both statistical data files and existing databases can be converted to decision-table format needed by LERS-LB, but it is less desirable to work with statistical files than a well-developed database. It was also concluded that choosing a well-developed database and checking it thoroughly for accuracy and completeness should be done before running LERS-LB, or other learning programs, to avoid problems with data errors. Using rough set theory and a technique called 'dropping conditions' LERS-LB offers, at least in theory, a possible method for identifying which data items are critical to nursing practice. Further research and continued LERS-LB program enhancements still may help with identifying critical data items versus redundant data for nursing practice. LERS-LB, and other learning programs, offer techniques which will help reduce the knowledge acquisition bottleneck in nursing expert system development. It is doubtful, however, that learning programs will eliminate the need for involving domain experts in evaluating rules and expert systems for clinical decision support.
Environmental and trade policies: some methodological lessons (1996)

ABSTRACT This paper provides an overview of recent research on the interconnections between environmental and trade policies. It describes how the assumptions of these models can be important to the conclusions derived on the gains from coordination. The Harrison–Rutherford–Wooton CGE model of the European Union is used to illustrate the importance of these issues. This model was extended to include three air pollutants and their health effects as non-separable influences on household preferences in each region described by the model. The results suggest that the conventional assumption of separability in preferences between marketed and non-marketed goods is central to conclusions about the importance of coordination of these policies.
Photoelectrochemical Properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> Films Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method (1987)

TiO2 films up to about 2μm thick have been prepared on a nesa glass substrate by dip-coating technique using the TiO2 sol solution derived from Ti(O-i-C3H7)4. Photoelectrochemical properties of the TiO2 film electrode thus obtained have been investigated as a potential candidate for solar energy conversion device. The results obtained are summarized as follows:(1) The sol-gel derived TiO2 film shows a very large photocurrent due to porous surface structure and a maximum (-14mA cm-2) at about 1.8μm in thickness. A decrease in the photocurrent of the TiO2 film above 1.8μm thick is due to an increase in the resistance.(2) An additional heating at 500°C improves remarkably the photocurrent of the TiO2 film, although too long heating rather deteriorates it. These results are explained on the basis of the changes in the surface structure and carrier concentration with the additional heating time.
Concise Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure (1'S,2'R)- and (1'R,2'S)-2S-Amino-3-(2'-aminomethyl-cyclopropyl)propionic Acid: Two E-Diastereoisomers of 4,5-Methano-l-lysine (2013)

A concise synthesis of both E-isomers of 2S-amino-3-(2'-aminomethyl-cyclopropyl)propionic acid, new methano-l-lysines, is described. The synthetic route includes nine steps from l-methionine, with a key step involving the cyclopropanation of an intermediate E-allylic alcohol. The resultant hydroxymethylcyclopropanes were readily separated and converted into the title a-amino acids. The stereochemistry around the cyclopropane rings was deduced by conducting the cyclopropanation in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-d-tartaric acid diamide butylboronate, a chiral controller which is known to favour the production of S-hydroxymethyl cyclopropanes from allylic alcohols.
A cross-array radiometer for spacecraft applications (2003)

Large-area surveillance can be achieved by the use of a beam-forming antenna consisting of two crossed linear arrays. Such an antenna has the advantage that it can be steered electronically and its beam synthesized so that it will have a resolution fully equivalent to that of a filled antenna of equal diameter. It would also be a much lighter antenna, probably no more than 10% to 15% the weight of a filled aperture. The beam-forming function would require the use of high-speed, integrated circuitry. Coverage issues are addressed, and implementation is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preface (2003)

The Convention has successfully wound up its work, it also has lived up to the expectations. For the first time, national parliaments, the European Parliament as well as the civil society were involved in a treaty revision exercise. The Convention has succeeded where Intergovernmental Conferences have failed. That is also true for the institutional questions. The coming Intergovernmental Conference will thus be presented – following the decision of the European Heads of State in Thessaloniki – with a well-balanced and comprehensive draft text without options. Enshrining the Charter of Fundamental Rights in the Constitution shows that the Union is not just a free-trade area but founded on definite common values and rights.
Structure−Activity Profiles of Complex Biantennary Glycans with Core Fucosylation and with/without Additional α2,3/α2,6 Sialylation:  Synthesis of Neoglycoproteins and Their Properties in Lectin Assays, Cell Binding, and Organ Uptake (2001)

The consideration of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates as biopharmaceuticals is an emerging topic in drug design. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of N-glycans was performed to examine the influence of N-glycan core fucosylation on lectin-binding properties and biodistribution. As a first step in a systematic comparison of N-glycans, the core fucose moiety was chemically introduced into a complex-type biantennary heptasaccharide azide. After deprotection and attachment of a spacer, the terminal sections of the N-glycan were elongated enzymatically. Conversion of the amino group in the spacer to an isothiocyanate gave derivatives allowing convenient ligand attachment to bovine serum albumin (BSA). The resulting neoglycoproteins contained an average of 2.9-4.6 chains per carrier molecule. Relative to unsubstituted biantennary complex-type N-glycans, the core fucosylation appears to favor the extended orientation of the alpha 1,6-arm. This was deduced from an up to 5-fold alteration of affinity for lectins in solid-phase assays. Marked differences were also found for cell surface binding of cultured tumor cells, for staining of tumor cells in lung sections, and in organ distribution. In vivo, the alpha 2,6-sialylated neoglycoproteins showed a reduced serum half-life in mice relative to the alpha 2,3-sialylated isomer and the non-fucosylated congeners. These results support the notion that changing the shape of a glycan provides a promising strategy to optimize the affinity of protein-carbohydrate interactions. Overall, our study underscores the importance of chemoenzymatic synthesis to define the effect of chain orientation on the ligand properties of N-glycans.
Long-Term Inhibition of Rho-Kinase Suppresses Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiovascular Hypertrophy in Rats In Vivo (2003)

Intracellular signaling pathway mediated by small GTPase Rho and its effector Rho-kinase plays an important role in regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction and other cellular functions. We have recently demonstrated that Rho-kinase is substantially involved in angiotensin II-induced gene expressions and various cellular responses in vitro. However, it remains to be examined whether Rho-kinase is involved in the angiotensin II-induced cardiovascular hypertrophy in vivo and, if so, what mechanisms are involved. Long-term infusion of angiotensin II for 4 weeks caused hypertrophic changes of vascular smooth muscle and cardiomyocytes in rats. Both changes were significantly suppressed by concomitant oral treatment with fasudil, which is metabolized to a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor, hydroxyfasudil, after oral administration. Angiotensin II caused a perivascular accumulation of macrophages and Rho-kinase activation, both of which were also significantly suppressed by fasudil. Vascular NAD(P)H oxidase expression (nox1, nox4, gp91phox, and p22phox) and endothelial production of superoxide anions were markedly increased by angiotensin II, both of which were also significantly suppressed by fasudil. Thus, fasudil ameliorated the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations caused by angiotensin II without affecting vasodilator function of vascular smooth muscle. These results provide evidence that Rho-kinase is substantially involved in the angiotensin II-induced cardiovascular hypertrophy in rats in vivo. The suppression of endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase upregulation and resultant superoxide production and the amelioration of endothelial vasodilator function may be involved in this process.
Multi Layer Substrate with Low Coefficent of Thermal Expansion. (2000)

In the process of flip chip packaging, reduction of the stress at the joint is very important for reliable electric connection. The stress comes from the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the silicon chip and the substrate. We attempted to bring the CTE of the substrate closer to that of the silicon chip, which is 3.5ppm/C. The low-CTE multi-layer substrate was prepared by employing the metal-core structure. The metal-core addressed in the substrate can control the CTE of the substrate, as of 3.5 to 16ppm/C. The robust metal-core keeps the flatness of the substrate, which effectively avoids the warpage problem in the flip chip packaging process. The reliability of the electrical connections was evaluated, after mounting the flip chip on the low-CTE multi-layer substrate and the conventional glass-epoxy reinforced substrate (FR-4). The low-CTE multi-layer substrate was more reliable than FR-4 in the thermal shock test(-45/150C,liquid to liquid) due to minimizing the CTE mismatch between the substrate and the silicon chip.Each conductive layer is connected through IVHs (Interstitial Via Holes) filled with solder paste. These IVHs can be addressed at the designated positions and stacked, such as via on via and/or pad on via, which is suitable for high density of the circuit routing.
Intubation with Transillumination: Nasal or Oral? (1999)

Transillumination-guided intubation is a useful back-up method when laryngoscopic intubation proves to be difficult or impossible. The Trachlight (Laerdal, N-4001 Stavanger, Norway) is suited for both nasal and oral use. Intubation times (IT) and success rates (SR) for nasal and oral intubation with the Trachlight were compared. Twenty-four medical students, inexperienced in intubation were instructed in the use of the Trachlight. A demonstration also was performed. Subsequently, they were asked to intubate a Laerdal Airway Management Trainer (Laerdal, Stavanger, Norway) using the Trachlight. Each student intubated 10 times orally and 10 times nasally (five times through the right and five times through the left nostril). The succession of the students was randomized. The intubation times were measured and the position of the tube noted. Nasal and oral intubation times for the tenth trial (steady state conditions) were compared using the rank-order test for paired observations. Oral and nasal success rates were compared using the sign test for paired observations. The differences between nasal and oral intubation concerning intubation time and the success rates were not significant. Nasal intubation with the Trachlight seems to be more difficult than the oral intubation.