gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An overview of enhancement techniques for peripheral field loss. (1993)

Practitioners are often reluctant to deal with impaired visual function secondary to peripheral field defects. This article presents a variety of enhancement techniques that help compensate for difficulties encountered by patients with peripheral field loss. We hope the information presented will increase practitioner awareness and help in the selection of the most appropriate treatment for the particular patient.
Evaluation of Advanced Solid Lubricant Coatings for Foil Air Bearings Operating at 25° and 500°C (1999)

The tribological properties of one chrome oxide and one chrome carbide based solid lubricant coating were evaluated in a partial-arc foil bearing at 25° and 500°C. Start/stop bearing operation up to 20,000 cycles were run under 10 kPa (1.5 psi) static deadweight load. Bearing friction (torque) was measured during the test. Specimen wear and SEM/EDS surface analyses were conducted after testing to understand and elucidate the tribological characteristics observed. The chrome oxide coating which contains both Ag and BaF2/CaF2for low and high temperature lubrication, exhibited low friction in sliding against Al2O3 coated foils at 25° and 500°C. The chrome carbide coating, which lacked a low temperature lubricant but contained BaF2/CaF2 as a high temperature lubricant, exhibited high friction at 25°C and low friction at 500°C against both bare and Al2O3 coated superalloy foil surfaces. Post test surface analyses suggest that improved tribological performance is exhibited when a lubricant film from the coating transfers to the foil surface.
Current status and future directions of invasive pneumococcal diseases and prophylactic approaches to control them (2018)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human bacterial pathogen responsible for millions of deaths each year and significantly more illnesses worldwide. With over 90 different serotypes, providing effective vaccine programs has been a continuing challenge. Since 1983, the world has been introduced to four different pneumococcal vaccines (PPSV23, PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13) each with their own complications and successes. Since vaccination programs began, a decrease in the overall rate of pneumococcal pneumonia and associated diseases has been observed, notably in higher risk populations. However, with a decrease in incidence of vaccine type pneumococcal serotypes, increases in non-vaccine serotypes of the bacteria have been observed along with serotype switching. Additionally, a rise in antibiotic resistant strains of S. pneumoniae is noted. Here we discuss both the positive and negative clinical manifestations of pneumonia vaccine programs and discuss the challenges in pneumococcal vaccine design.
La determinación de la cuantía en los delitos patrimoniales. ¿Cómo se valoran los servicios? (2018)

Uno de los factores de atencion mas habituales para el calculo de la gravedad de los delitos patrimoniales se halla en el valor del objeto del delito. Es por ello, que resulta fundamental que las pautas de determinacion de ese valor esten perfectamente fijadas y sean claras. Sobre la miscelanea existente en la regulacion trata el presente articulo.
3D strip meander delay line structure for multilayer LTCC-based SiP applications (2008)

Recently, the timing control of high-frequency signals is strongly demanded due to the high integration density in three-dimensional (3D) LTCC-based SiP applications. Therefore, to control the skew or timing delay, new 3D delay lines will be proposed. For frailty of the signal via, we adopt the concept of coaxial line and proposed an advanced signal via structure with quasi coaxial ground (QCOX-GND) vias. We will show the simulated results using EM and Circuit simulator.
Data Fusion-Based Multi-Object Tracking for Unconstrained Visual Sensor Networks (2018)

Camera node perception capability is one of the crucial issues for visual sensor networks, which belongs to the field of Internet of Things. Multi-object tracking is an important feature in analyzing object trajectories across multiple cameras, thus allowing synthesis of data and security analysis of images in various scenarios. Despite intensive research in the last decades, it remains challenging for tracking systems to perform in real-world situations. We therefore focus on key issues of multi-object state estimation for unconstrained multi-camera systems, e.g., data fusion of multiple sensors and data association. Unlike previous work that rely on camera network topology inference, we construct a graph from 2-D observations of all camera pairs without any assumption of network configuration. We apply the shortest path algorithm to the graph to find fused 3-D observation groups. Our approach is thus able to reject false positive reconstructions automatically, and also minimize computational complexity to guarantee feasible data fusion. Particle filters are applied as the 3-D tracker to form tracklets that integrate local features. These tracklets are modeled by a graph and linked into full tracks incorporating global spatial-temporal features. Experiments on the realworld PETS2009 S2/L1 sequence show the accuracy of our approach. Analyses of the different components of our approach provide meaningful insights for object tracking using multiple cameras. Evidence is provided for selecting the best view for a visual sensor network.
The Role of Adenosine in Respiratory Physiology (1990)

Adenosine is a purine nucleoside, derived predominantly from the cleavage of 5’adenosine monophosphate (AMP) by 5’nucleotidase (Arch and Newsholme, 1978). The nucleoside subserves both intraand extracellular functions, the latter being effected through specific purine receptors. Two types of extracellular purine receptors have been described: A1 and A2, which can, respectively, inhibit and stimulate adenylate cyclase, modifying intracellular levels of the second messenger cyclic 3’,5’-adenosine monophosphate (Londos and Wolff, 1977; Londos, et al., 1980). More recently, however, these receptors have been defined in terms of their agonist pharmacology (Hamprecht and Van Calker, 1985).
Development of a PVC Adhesive for Fuel Filters Compatible with Methanol Fuels (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A plastisol type poly vinyl chloride (PVC) adhesive has been developed for usage in fuel filters which are used on methanol fueled vehicles.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The PVC adhesive was extensively tested to confirm it's performance under laboratory, engine dynamometer, and vehicle testing programs. The affect of chlorine ion desorption in the fuel and corrosion of metallic components of the fuel filter were investigated. Fuel filter specimens were disassembled after testing to assess the internal corrosion of components and stability of the PVC adhesive. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer and Gel Permeation Chromatography instruments were used to measure factors of degradation of the PVC adhesive.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The test results confirm that the newly developed PVC adhesive is suitable for use in fuel filters which will be installed in methanol fueled vehicles.</div>
Fiber‐Matrix Bond‐Strength Characterization of Silicon Carbide‐Silicon Carbide Materials (1990)

The fiber‐matrix interface bond strength of a ceramicmatrix composite is quantitatively evaluated using an indentation technique at room temperature and after creep tests under vacuum. The observed decrease in frictional stress with increasing temperature is discussed in connection with such other data as rupture stress, importance of pullout, and geometric characteristics of the fibers.
High performance hardware accelerator for design-error simulation (1997)

Error simulation is used to validate designs by providing simulation results, as well as simulation coverage metrics, based on design-error modelling and detection. Hardware acceleration is a viable approach to achieve efficient error simulation for large systems. In this research, the first hardware accelerator for design-error simulation purposes has been developed. The hardware accelerator uses a reconfigurable mesh-type processing element array, with direct mapping strategy, which establishes a basis for good approximation to breadboarding. In addition, a new embedded parallel algorithm is introduced to perform high speed and cost-effective design-error simulation. Using a cost–performance ratio, the performance is compared to a software simulation. Results show that this first hardware accelerator for error simulation is much faster, in terms of computation time, than software simulation and more cost effective.
Sulfation pharmacogenetics:SULT1A1 and SULT1A2 allele frequencies in Caucasian, Chinese and African-American subjects (2001)

Sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of drugs, other xenobiotics, neurotransmitters and hormones. The genes for SULT1A1 and SULT1A2 contain common genetic polymorphisms that are associated with individual variations in levels of enzyme activity as well as variations in biochemical and physical properties. We set out to compare the frequencies of common SULT1A1 and SULT1A2 alleles in Caucasian, Chinese and African-American subjects. Allele frequencies for SULT1A1*1, *2 and *3 in 242 Caucasian subjects were 0.656, 0.332 and 0.012, respectively. Frequencies of those same alleles were significantly different in 290 Chinese subjects: 0.914, 0.080 and 0.006, respectively, as were frequencies in 70 African-American subjects: 0.477, 0.294 and 0.229, respectively. Ethnic variation in allele frequencies was also observed for SULT1A2, with frequencies in Caucasian subjects for SULT1A2*1, *2 and *3 of 0.507, 0.389 and 0.104; frequencies in Chinese of 0.924 and 0.076 with no *3 alleles observed; and, finally, in African-Americans frequencies of 0.637, 0.249 and 0.114, respectively. We also found that SULT1A1*2 and SULT1A2*2, the most common variant alleles for these two genes, were in positive linkage disequilibrium in all three populations studied, with D' values of 0.776 in Caucasian (P < 0.001), 0.915 in Chinese (P < 0.001) and 0.864 in African-American subjects (P < 0.001). These observations represent a step towards determining the possible functional implications for individual variations in sulfate conjugation of common genetic polymorphisms for SULT1A1 and SULT1A2.
Analysis of Control Flow Graphs Using Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

With the digital transformation of companies, ever larger amounts of data are generated and available for analysis. Process mining techniques can be used to extract and analyze process models from these data. Related techniques have quickly developed into an important field with constantly increasing investments in recent years. Thus, the automated analysis of processes has gained an important role in many companies. In this context, graphs have been shown to be an intuitive representation of how the gathered processes are carried out using the aforementioned techniques. For the analysis of these so-called control flow graphs, we investigate the use of convolution neural networks, which are specially designed for graphs: graph convolution networks (GCNs). In our contribution, GCNs are used to perform a regression task based on individual control flows of a process in which farmers apply for specific governmental payments. The approach achieved promising results on this publicly available data set.
Simple Procedures for Selecting the Best Simulated System When the Number of Alternatives is Large (2001)

In this paper, we address the problem of finding the simulated system with the best (maximum or minimum) expected performance when the number of alternatives is finite, but large enough that ranking-and-selection (R&S) procedures may require too much computation to be practical. Our approach is to use the data provided by the first stage of sampling in an R&S procedure to screen out alternatives that are not competitive, and thereby avoid the (typically much larger) second-stage sample for these systems. Our procedures represent a compromise between standard R&S procedures—which are easy to implement, but can be computationally inefficient—and fully sequential procedures—which can be statistically efficient, but are more difficult to implement and depend on more restrictive assumptions. We present a general theory for constructing combined screening and indifference-zone selection procedures, several specific procedures and a portion of an extensive empirical evaluation.
Transposed-Cable Coil & Saddle Coils of HTS for Rotating Machines: Test Results at 30 K (2009)

We have manufactured and tested new HTS coil configurations in order to extend the range of rotating machines to which HTS tapes can be applied. The rotors of large utility generators require operating currents of several kA, which can be achieved by connecting several HTS tapes in parallel in a transposed cable. Design of a generator poses questions on winding technique for the coils, cooling technique at the required operating temperatures around 30 K, and V-I relation and stability of such coils. These questions were addressed by winding a test coil using 31 m of transposed cable comprising 500 m of BSCCO tape and testing it at 30 K. Smaller generators coupled to gas turbines have to work at many thousands of rpm. The high g-forces and need for compactness make it necessary to place the rotor coils as close as possible to the shaft, which requires coils with 3D-bent heads, like in accelerator dipoles. We have produced this type of coils with BSCCO tapes for the first time. After developing a winding technique using simple tooling, 700 m of BSCCO tapes were used to manufacture two 3D demonstrator coils, which were tested at 30 K as well. We describe winding methods, cooling technique and test results for both types of coils.
Smoothing DCG for learning to rank (2009)

Discounted cumulative gain (DCG) is widely used for evaluating ranking functions. It is therefore natural to learn a ranking function that directly optimizes DCG. However, DCG is non-smooth, rendering gradient-based optimization algorithms inapplicable. To remedy this, smoothed versions of DCG have been proposed but with only partial success. In this paper, we first present analysis that shows it is ineffective using the gradient of the smoothed DCG to drive the optimization algorithm. We then propose a novel approach, SHF-SDCG, for smoothing DCG by using smoothed hinge functions (SHF). It has the advantage of seamlessly transition from driving the optimization mimicking pairwise learning when the ranking function does not fit the data well, to driving the optimization using DCG when the ranking function becomes more accurate. SHF-SDCG is then extended to REG-SHF-SDCG, an algorithm which gradually transits from pointwise and pairwise to listwise learning. Finally experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of SHF-SDCG and REG-SHF-SDCG.
Application of an adaptive control grid interpolation technique to morphological vascular reconstruction (2003)

The problem of interslice magnetic resonance (MR) image reconstruction arises in a broad range of medical applications. In such cases, there is a need to approximate information present in the original subject that is not reflected in contiguously acquired MR images because of hardware sampling limitations. In the context of vascular morphology reconstruction, this information is required in order for subsequent visualization and computational analysis of blood vessels to be most effective. Toward that end we have developed a method of vascular morphology reconstruction based on adaptive control grid interpolation (ACGI) to function as a precursor to visualization and computational analysis. ACGI has previously been implemented in addressing various problems including video coding and tracking. This paper focuses on the novel application of the technique to medical image processing. ACGI combines features of optical flow-based and block-based motion estimation algorithms to enhance insufficiently dense MR data sets accurately with a minimal degree of computational complexity. The resulting enhanced data sets describe vascular geometries. These reconstructions can then be used as visualization tools and in conjunction with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to offer the pressure and velocity information necessary to quantify power loss. The proposed ACGI methodology is envisioned ultimately to play a role in surgical planning aimed at producing optimal vascular configurations for successful surgical outcomes.
Singlet Oxygen Quenching Activity of Hypotaurine. (1997)

来るべき高齢化社会において, 化粧品や医薬部外品は重要な役割を果たすと考えられているが, 我々は皮膚老化を防御する戦略として, 乾燥防御, 紫外線防御に加えて酸化防御を提唱してきた。本報告では, 特に酸化防御の重要性について論じた。今までに著者らは, CL-HPLCシステムを用いた皮表における脂質過酸化反応の検討から, ヒト皮膚においては一重項酸素がキーとなっている活性酸素種であることを報告してきたが, 本報告において, 皮表脂質とヒポタウリンの一重項酸素との反応速度定数を測定して明らかにした. さらに光酸化条件下において, ヒト皮表において第一の酸化ターゲットであるスクアレンの酸化防御効果をヒポタウリンが発現することを明らかにした。一方ヒポタウリンは, 哺乳類において含硫アミノ酸の代謝産物の一つであることが知られており, 皮膚, 眼球, 肝臓, 脳, 心臓, 血清中等でその存在が認められている。またその酸化ストレスへの生体防御機構としての存在意義も議論されている。皮膚において生体の酸化防御機構を再構築, 強化する有用性を化粧品における新たなコンセプトとして提案した。
Evidence that the endogenous heat-stable glucocorticoid receptor-activating factor is thioredoxin. (1983)

Extraction of rat liver cytosol with 10% charcoal at 4 degrees C inactivates specific glucocorticoid-binding capacity. The steroid-binding capacity of extracted cytosol can be restored by adding dithiothreitol or by incubating with boiled liver cytosol at 20 degrees C in the presence of 10 mM sodium molybdate. Two components of boiled cytosol are required for receptor activation: NADPH and an endogenous heat-stable protein with an apparent Mr of 12,300 by Sephadex G-50 chromatography. This endogenous receptor-activating protein coelutes on Sephadex G-50 chromatography with endogenous thioredoxin activity, and it can be replaced in the activating system by purified Escherichia coli thioredoxin. These observations suggest that glucocorticoid receptors in cytosol preparations are maintained in a reduced, steroid-binding state by a NADPH-dependent, thioredoxin-mediated reducing system.
A strong antireflective solar cell prepared by tapering silicon nanowires (2010)

Vertically aligned silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were cost-effectively formed on a four-inch silicon wafer using a simple room temperature approach, i.e., metal-assisted electroless etching. Tapering the NWs by post-KOH dipping achieved separation of each NW from the bunched NW, resulting in a strong enhancement of broadband optical absorption. As electroless etching time increases, the optical crossover feature was observed in the tradeoff between enhanced light trapping (by graded-refractive index during initial tapering) and deteriorated reflectance (by decreasing the areal density of NWs during later tapering). Compared to the bunched SiNWs, tapered NW solar cells demonstrated superior photovoltaic characteristics, such as a short circuit current of 17.67 mA/cm² and a cell conversion efficiency of ~6.56% under 1.5 AM illumination.
Dimeric Galectin-1 Induces Surface Exposure of Phosphatidylserine and Phagocytic Recognition of Leukocytes without Inducing Apoptosis (2003)

We report that human galectin-1 (dGal-1), a small dimeric beta-galactoside-binding protein, induces phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, measured by Annexin V staining, on human promyelocytic HL-60 cells, T leukemic MOLT-4 cells, and fMet-Leu-Phe-activated, but not resting, human neutrophils. This effect of dGal-1 on HL-60 and MOLT-4 cells is enhanced by pretreatment of the cells with neuraminidase, but treatment of resting neutrophils with neuraminidase does not enhance their sensitivity to dGal-1. Although the induction of staining with Annexin V is often associated with apoptosis, the dGal-1-treated HL-60 cells, MOLT-4 cells, and activated neutrophils do not undergo apoptosis, and there is no detectable DNA fragmentation. HL-60 and MOLT-4 cells treated with dGal-1 continue to grow normally. By contrast, camptothecin-treated HL-60 cells, etoposide-treated MOLT-4 cells, and anti-Fas-treated neutrophils exhibit extensive DNA fragmentation and/or cell death. Lactose inhibits the dGal-1-induced effects, indicating that dGal-1-induced signaling requires binding to cell surface beta-galactosides. The dimeric form of Gal-1 is required for signaling, because a monomeric mutant form of Gal-1, termed mGal-1, binds to cells but does not cause these effects. Importantly, dGal-1, but not mGal-1, treatment of HL-60 cells and activated human neutrophils significantly promotes their phagocytosis by activated mouse macrophages. These dGal-1-induced effects are distinguishable from apoptosis, but like apoptotic agents, prepare cells for phagocytic removal. Such effects of dGal-1 may contribute to leukocyte homeostasis.
Liposomes as Carriers of Antimicrobial Drugs (1997)

Liposome are promising drug carrier systems being developed. Their successful use in the treatment of several diseases demonstrates that a solid rationale for clinical development of liposomes as antimicrobial drug carriers can be established. There are a number of potential drug candidates for liposome encapsulation. The involvement of several biotechnology companies has culminated in the design and licensing of formulations for the treatment of certain microbial infections and cancers. Understanding of liposome behavior in the body and of the physicochemical mechanisms involved in the interaction of liposome, drug, and cellular targets is essential for their future applications.
Sixty Years of Coherent Versus Non-Coherent Tradeoffs and the Road From 5G to Wireless Futures (2019)

Sixty years of coherent versus non-coherent tradeoff as well as the twenty years of coherent versus non-coherent tradeoff in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems are surveyed. Furthermore, the advantages of adaptivity are discussed. More explicitly, in order to support the diverse communication requirements of different applications in a unified platform, the 5G New Radio (NR) offers unprecendented adaptivity, abeit at the cost of a substantial amount of signalling overhead that consumes both power and the valuable spectral resources. Striking a beneficial coherent versus non-coherent tradeoff is capable of reducing the pilot overheads of channel estimation, whilst relying on low-complexity detectors, especially in high-mobility scenarios. Furthermore, since energy-efficiency is of salient importance both in the operational and future networks, following the powerful Index Modulation (IM) pholosophy, we conceive a holistic adaptive pholosophy striking the most appropriate coherent/non-coherent, single-/multiple-antenna and diversity/multiplexing tradeoffs, where the number of RF chains, the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of signal transmission and the maximum amount of interference tolerated by signal detection are all taken into account. We demonstrate that this intelligent tripple-fold adaptivity offers significant benefits in next-generation applications of mmWave and Terahertz solutions, in space-air-ground integrated networks, in full-duplex techniques and in other sophisticated channel coding assisted system designs, where powerful machine learning algorithms are expected to make autonomous decisions concerning the best mode of operation with minimal human intervention.