gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microterminal satellite data communication system (1991)

An experimental microterminal satellite data communication system known as CODE has been developed by the European Space Agency with support from universities, research organisations and industry. The system, which operates at ka band, consists of a large number of microterminals with 80 cm diameter antennas which can communicate directly in a mesh network at 64 kbit/s. A central hub station is used for channel allocation and for general monitoring and control of the microterminals. The system supports a wide range of standard personal computers and workstations. The design rationale of the system is described in the paper together with some of the applications and demonstrations that have been transmitted over the Olympus satellite to date.
Neuroevolution (2013)

Neuroevolution is a machine learning technique that applies evolutionary algorithms to construct artificial neural networks, taking inspiration from the evolution of biological nervous systems in nature. Compared to other neural network learning methods, neuroevolution is highly general; it allows learning without explicit targets, with only sparse feedback, and with arbitrary neural models and network structures. Neuroevolution is an effective approach to solving reinforcement learning problems, and is most commonly applied in evolutionary robotics and artificial life.
Applications of ytterbium in inverted organic photovoltaic cells as high-performance and stable electron transport layers (2014)

The electron transport layer (ETL) increases the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) by promoting the formation of ohmic contact between the active layer and the cathode metal.
Comparison of the Contributions of Heat-Labile Enterotoxin and Heat-Stable Enterotoxin b to the Virulence of Enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>in F4ac Receptor-Positive Young Pigs (2008)

In swine, the most common and severe enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections are caused by strains that express K88 (F4)(+) fimbriae, heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), heat-stable enterotoxin b (STb), and enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable toxin 1. Previous studies based on a design that involved enterotoxin genes cloned into a nontoxigenic fimbriated strain have suggested that LT but not STb plays an important role in dehydrating diarrheal disease in piglets <1 week old and also enhances bacterial colonization of the intestine. In the present study, we compared these two toxins in terms of importance for piglets >1 week old with a study design that involved construction of isogenic single- and double-deletion mutants and inoculation of 9-day-old F4ac receptor-positive gnotobiotic piglets. Based on the postinoculation percent weight change per h and serum bicarbonate concentrations, the virulence of the STb(-) mutant (Delta estB) did not significantly differ from that of the parent. However, deletion of the LT genes (Delta eltAB) in the STb(-) mutant resulted in a complete abrogation of weight loss, dehydration, and metabolic acidosis in inoculated pigs, and LT complementation restored the virulence of this strain. These results support the hypothesis that LT is a more significant contributor than STb to the virulence of F4(+) ETEC infections in young F4ac receptor-positive pigs less than 2 weeks old. However, in contrast to previous studies with gnotobiotic piglets, there was no evidence that the expression of LT enhanced the ability of the F4(+) ETEC strain to colonize the small intestine.
Exploring structure-function relationships between TRP and Kv channels (2013)

The molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channels are poorly understood when compared to those of the voltage-activated potassium (Kv) channels. The architectural and pharmacological similarities between the members of these two families of channels suggest that their structure-function relationships may have common features. We explored this hypothesis by replacing previously identified domains and critical structural motifs of the membrane-spanning portions of Kv2.1 with corresponding regions of two TRP channels, TRPM8 and TRPV1. Our results show that the S3b-S4 paddle motif of Kv2.1, but not other domains, can be replaced by the analogous regions of both TRP channels without abolishing voltage-activation. In contrast, replacement of portions of TRP channels with those of Kv2.1 consistently yielded non-functional channels. Taken together, these results suggest that most structural elements within TRP channels and Kv channels are not sufficiently related to allow for the creation of hybrid channels.
DockerSim: Full-stack simulation of container-based Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) cloud deployments and environments (2017)

Container-based Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) systems are rapidly emerging as a dominate cloud deployment paradigm, as supported via Docker, etc. This has opened new research avenues as lighter-weight containers replace heavier-weight virtual machines (VMs) as atomic cloud deployment units. Advancing such research requires sufficiently rich, container-aware cloud simulation frameworks so as to explore issues such as optimal cloud orchestration and elastic service strategies, achieving assured application-layer quality of service (QoS), etc. This work presents DockerSim, an extension and augmentation of the iCanCloud OMNet++ cloud simulator to incorporate: i) a full container deployment and behavioral layer, ii) full packet-level network and protocol behaviors, iii) full multi-layer OS process scheduling behaviors, and iv) a generic queuing network approach to modeling application-layer SaaS deployments. To our knowledge DockerSim is the first cloud simulation platform fully incorporating capabilities (i)-(iv), as required to rigorous explore a wide range of timing sensitive container-based computing cloud and SaaS-deployment issues.
An adenoviral vector expressing functional heterogeneous proteins herpes simplex viral thymidine kinase and human interleukin-2 has enhanced in vivo antitumor activity against medullary thyroid carcinoma. (2001)

To explore a more efficient multi-gene antitumor treatment, we developed an adenoviral vector expressing both herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) and human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) (AdCMVTKhIL2). Production of hIL-2 is expected to augment antitumor T cell and natural killer cell activity. Two separate cassettes expressing HSVtk and hIL-2, each under the control of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early gene promoter, were inserted into the early 1 region of adenovirus type 5. This vector showed similar direct cytotoxicity towards infected rat medullary thyroid carcinoma (rMTC) cells as did the single gene vector, AdCMVtk. rMTC cells infected with the virus in vitro showed high sensitivity to ganciclovir. After infection with AdCMVTKhIL2 at 100 m.o.i. for 1 h, more than 20 000 U hIL-2 were produced during 24 h by 1 × 10(6) rMTC cells on day 2 and day 3. hIL-2 was also detected in the supernatants of primary cultures from tumors treated in vivo by the AdCMVTKhIL2 vector. Infected cells lost their tumorigenicity when transplanted subcutaneously into syngeneic rats, whereas all control animals developed tumors. More than 63% of tumors (19 out of 30 treated tumors) were destroyed when AdCMVTKhIL2 was injected intratumorally, compared with 38% when tumors were treated with AdCMVIL2, and 12% when treated with AdCMVtk, indicating an antitumor effect superior to that of each single vector given alone at the same dosage. These results indicate that the AdCMVTKhIL2 vector efficiently produces both HSVtk and hIL-2, and provides an enhanced antitumor activity.
Cardiac, Respiratory, and Locomotor Coordination during Walking in Humans (1996)

Interactions between locomotor, respiratory, and cardiac rhythms were investigated in human subjects (n = 11) walking on a treadmill. Investigation of the phase relationship between heart rate and gait signals revealed that cardiac rhythms were entrained to locomotor rhythms when both frequencies were close to an integer ratio. Coherence spectra were estimated between heartbeat fluctuation, respiratory, and gait signals, and their magnitudes were evaluated. The results suggest that the respiratory-induced fluctuation in heartbeat would vary depending on the strength of the cardiolocomotor coupling. The synchronization tends to occur for one or two specific phases in an individual subject, but there was some variation among subjects. When the subjects voluntarily synchronized their cadence with the cardiac rhythm, the heart rate and blood pressure varied depending on the phase lag within a cardiac cycle. The coordination of locomotor and cardiac rhythms is discussed.
Effect of Washing on Yield in One- and Two-Step Steam Pretreatment of Softwood for Production of Ethanol (2004)

Two-step steam pretreatment of softwood on laboratory scale has previously been shown to result in higher yields than one-step steam pretreatment. In this study, these results are verified on a larger scale. In an industrial process filtration and washing of the material between the two pretreatment steps are difficult without release of pressure. A worst case without filtration or washing was thus investigated to determine the influence of poor washing on the yield of sugars and the formation of byproducts. Steam pretreatment with SO(2) impregnation was investigated using three different procedures. One-step steam pretreatment was performed at 215 degrees C for 5 min. Two different kinds of two-step steam pretreatment were performed at 190 degrees C for 2 min in the first step and at 210 degrees C for 5 min in the second step. In one case the slurry obtained after the first pretreatment step was separated into a liquid and a solid phase, where the water-insoluble solid material was washed with water and then used for pretreatment in the second step. In the other case of two-step steam pretreatment, neither separation nor washing was performed. The pretreated material was evaluated using both enzymatic hydrolysis and fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Both two-step steam pretreatment process configurations investigated resulted in higher yields of ethanol (300 L/ton) than one-step steam pretreatment (227 L/ton). Separation and washing of the material between the pretreatment steps in the two-step steam pretreatment process did not improve the overall sugar yield, although the formation of sugar degradation products was reduced.
Embedding robust watermarks by chaotic mixing (2002)

This paper presents a watermarking algorithm for copyright protection of digital images. A copyright label represented by a binary image is embedded in grayscale or color digital image. A mixing dynamical system controls embedding, detection and reconstruction of the copyright label. Detection of the watermark is succeeded either by direct reconstruction of the watermark as a binary image or by using statistical hypothesis testing.
Trans-dioxo Manganese(V) Porphyrins (2007)

The relatively stable oxoMn(V) porphyrins generated by oxidation of Mn(III) porphyrins in alkaline solutions using peroxides are unambiguously identified as trans-dioxo species. Raman spectra revealed symmetric OMnVO stretching frequencies between 741 and 744 cm-1 for five porphyrin complexes while the IR of dioxo-MnV-tetrapentafluoroporphyrin [MnV(O2)(TPFPP)]- displayed an antisymmetric stretch at 805 cm-1. Both half-labeled and fully labeled 18O−MnV porphyrin complexes were prepared, and the Raman and IR shifts correspond well with a linear, three-body OMnO oscillator model. Terminal, monooxo formulations such as HO−MnVO or five-coordinate MnVO are excluded by the data. The 1H NMR spectrum of [MnV(O2)(TMP)]-, which shows a single, sharp resonance for the two ortho methyl groups, is also consistent with octahedral coordination of D4h symmetry. The force constant F for the MnO double bond was calculated to be 454 N/m with a stretch−stretch force constant k = 67.2 N/m. Comparison with other Mn−O force constants revealed a very good agreement with Badger's rule spanning five Mn oxidation states. These dioxo-MnV porphyrins were shown to not exchange the oxo oxygens with bulk water solvent. Dioxo MnV porphyrins, which are anionic species [Por-MnV(O)2]-, are unreactive toward olefins in the presence of excess base but efficiently epoxidize cyclooctene upon protonation at −70 °C. These compounds are the only trans-dioxomanganese complexes of any type to be characterized as such, thus extending the known π-bonding arrangements for first-row transition metals.
Intelligent routing in large-scale communications networks (2002)

The authors consider a class of large-scale communication networks with both dynamic adaptive routing and deterministic routing mechanisms and devise efficient routing algorithms for network designs involving multiple types of traffic. Analytical approaches are combined with quasi-simulation methods to evaluate the performance measures for each given design. The design goal for the networks under study comprises multiple objectives and requirements. Modern expert system and artificial intelligence techniques are incorporated into the design methods to meet the objectives in efficient ways. The routing mechanisms will vary depending on the traffic types, and the affected network performance will be discussed. The study is also extended to integrated networks with voice and data traffic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards an index of opportunity (2005)

To contribute to systems that reason about human attention, our work empirically demonstrates how a user's mental workload changes during task execution. We conducted a study where users performed interactive, hierarchical tasks while mental workload was measured through the use of pupil size. Results show that (i) different types of subtasks impose different mental workload, (ii) workload decreases at subtask boundaries, (iii) workload decreases more at boundaries higher in a task model and less at boundaries lower in the model, (iv) workload changes among subtask boundaries within the same level of a task model, and (v) effective understanding of why changes in workload occur requires that the measure be tightly coupled to a validated task model. From the results, we show how to map mental workload onto a computational Index of Opportunity that systems can use to better reason about human attention.
On the design of MOS dynamic sense amplifiers (1982)

This paper is concerned with the optimal design of MOS dynamic sense amplifiers used in MOS dynamic RAM's. An analysis of the operation of MOS dynamic sense latches has been carried out and optimal control for the latches has been derived. A first-order analysis of the effects of parameter mismatches on the sensitivity of cross-coupled pairs is also presented.
A histological study of apple roots affected by replant disease (1989)

Little is known about the microscopical symptoms of roots from apple trees suffering from replant disease. Roots were sampled from healthy trees and from such diseased trees in four orchards from May until October. Roots were stained for the detection of mycorrhizal infection and other roots were fixed, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained in safranin and fast green in order to elucidate morphological details. Healthy tree roots possessed considerably higher frequencies of mycorrhizal infection than diseased trees during the entire growing season. Arbuscules and hyphae were very common, vesicles were sometimes present, and possible chlamydospores of Glomus radiatum (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe were found in several samples. Whereas roots from healthy trees were structurally intact, roots from declined trees had extensive sloughing away of the epidermal and cortical layers and the cortical cells possessed significant amounts of densely stained material. Nematodes and possible hyphae of Rhizoctonia, Phytophthora, and Pythium were found in roots of declined trees. Althugh the stele of these roots appeared unaltered, hyphae were sometimes observed in the vascular elements.
Alendronate inhibits growth of high-grade chondrosarcoma cells. (2009)

Alendronate exerts antiproliferative effects by perturbing various signaling pathways in CS-1 cells. These findings may lead to new treatment options for high-grade chondrosarcoma.
Identification of Hearing Loss in Children with Otitis Media (1994)

Hearing loss is the most common complication of otitis media. Hearing loss secondary to otitis media has increasingly been associated with significant developmental and educational problems. However, not enough is known about the peripheral auditory effects of otitis media. The young age of most children affected by otitis media makes detailed audiologic assessment challenging. This paper presents a brief synopsis of audiologic strategies that may be employed to assess the hearing status of infants and children with otitis media with effusion. Data pertaining to the risk of hearing loss recurrence after tympanostomy tube insertion are presented from a prospective longitudinal study of hearing in children with chronic otitis media with effusion.
A New Tool for Condition Evaluation of Cast and Ductile Iron Pipe (1996)

Abstract Infrastructure such as gas and water mains, sewers, roads and bridges are vital building blocks for both the quality of life of individual citizens and for economic productivity of society. Escalating maintenance costs and deteriorating serviceability arc problems common to virtually every jurisdiction, presenting increasing engineering challenges for the management of aging assets. Effective planning, based on solid information about infrastructure condition, is essential to optimize capital reinvestment in renewing infrastructure. Engineering research by a Canadian non-destructive testing company has yielded a new tool which provides continuous, direct measurement of the wall thickness of cast and ductile iron pipe. Together with advanced analysis software, the tool will furnish engineers with enhanced information to evaluate and manage their buried assets. This paper provides background on remote field technology (the electromagnetic principle upon which the tool is based), describes the configuration and operation of the tool, and summarizes field trials conducted during the past two years.
Development of a microsurgery training system (2008)

Surgeons require significant training to acquire sufficient dexterity and hand-eye coordination to manipulate objects skillfully under the microscope. This paper presents a computer-based real-time simulation of microsurgery as well as the hardware setup. It presents a realistic physics-based elastic suture and blood vessel model, fast collision detection techniques, suture insertion process and novel approach of a haptic forceps. The simulation environment demonstrates a complete vascular suturing system to train skills such as grasping, suture placement, needle insertion and knot-tying running at 500 Hz, sufficient for physical realism.
Pediatric Mania: The Controversy between Euphoria and Irritability (2016)

Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a highly morbid pediatric psychiatric disease, consistently associated with family psychiatric history of mood disorders and associated with high levels of morbidity and disability and with a great risk of suicide. While there is a general consensus on the symptomatology of depression in childhood, the phenomenology of pediatric mania is still highly debated and the course and long-term outcome of pediatric BD still need to be clarified. We reviewed the available studies on the phenomenology of pediatric mania with the aim of summarizing the prevalence, demographics, clinical correlates and course of these two types of pediatric mania. Eighteen studies reported the number of subjects presenting with either irritable or elated mood during mania. Irritability has been reported to be the most frequent clinical feature of pediatric mania reaching a sensitivity of 95-100% in several samples. Only half the studies reviewed reported on number of episodes or cycling patterns and the described course was mostly chronic and ultra-rapid whereas the classical episodic presentation was less common. Few long-term outcome studies have reported a diagnostic stability of mania from childhood to young adult age. Future research should focus on the heterogeneity of irritability aiming at differentiating distinct subtypes of pediatric psychiatric disorders with distinct phenomenology, course, outcome and biomarkers. Longitudinal studies of samples attending to mood presentation, irritable versus elated, and course, chronic versus episodic, may help clarify whether these are meaningful distinctions in the course, treatment and outcome of pediatric onset bipolar disorder.
Improved interface properties of <i>p</i>-type 6H–SiC/SiO2 system by NH3 pretreatment (2000)

Effects of preoxidation NH3 treatment on p-type 6H–SiC/SiO2 interface properties were investigated as compared to conventional thermally oxidized devices. It was found that NH3 treatment before oxidation can reduce the SiC/SiO2 interface states and fixed oxide charge. Furthermore, less shift of flatband voltage, and smaller increases of effective oxide charge and interface states during high-field stress were observed for the NH3 pretreated devices.
Design alternatives for barrel shifters (2002)

Barrel shifters are often utilized by embedded digital signal processors and general-purpose processors to manipulate data. This paper examines design alternatives for barrel shifters that perform the following functions: shift right logical, shift right arithmetic, rotate right, shift left logical, shift left arithmetic, and rotate left. Four different barrel shifter designs are presented and compared in terms of area and delay for a variety of operand sizes. This paper also examines techniques for detecting results that overflow and results of zero in parallel with the shift or rotate operation. Several Java programs are developed to generate structural VHDL models for each of the barrel shifters. Synthesis results show that data-reversal barrel shifters have less area and mask-based data-reversal barrel shifters have less delay than other designs. Mask-based data-reversal barrel shifters are especially attractive when overflow and zero detection is also required, since the detection is performed in parallel with the shift or rotate operation.