gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MedLDA: A General Framework of Maximum Margin Supervised Topic Models (2009)

Supervised topic models utilize document's side information for discovering predictive low dimensional representations of documents. Existing models apply the likelihood-based estimation. In this paper, we present a general framework of max-margin supervised topic models for both continuous and categorical response variables. Our approach, the maximum entropy discrimination latent Dirichlet allocation (MedLDA), utilizes the max-margin principle to train supervised topic models and estimate predictive topic representations that are arguably more suitable for prediction tasks. The general principle of MedLDA can be applied to perform joint max-margin learning and maximum likelihood estimation for arbitrary topic models, directed or undirected, and supervised or unsupervised, when the supervised side information is available. We develop efficient variational methods for posterior inference and parameter estimation, and demonstrate qualitatively and quantitatively the advantages of MedLDA over likelihood-based topic models on movie review and 20 Newsgroups data sets.
Interactions between fuel cells and power converters influence of current harmonics on a fuel cell stack (2004)

As fuel cells are likely to be used in many future applications, dedicated power converters must be developed and optimized. A thorough knowledge of the fuel cell operation is thus required for power-electronics engineers. This paper proposes a theoretical and experimental study of the behaviour of a fuel cell stack subject to current harmonics. The fundamental role of the internal double layer capacitor is demonstrated.
Acoustic echo canceller algorithm based on the variation characteristics of a room impulse response (2002)

A NLMS (normalized LMS) adaptive algorithm is proposed for an acoustic echo canceller with double the convergence speed of but the same computational load as the conventional NLMS. This algorithm, called the ES (exponential step) algorithm, implements a different value of step gain (feedback factor) for each tap coefficient of a canceller. These step gains are weighted exponentially along the series by the same exponential ratio as the expected variation in a room impulse response. This algorithm is implemented in a commercial subband echo canceller, and its superiority to the conventional algorithm is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor using a binary optic lenslet array</title> (1991)

We have used the advantages of the photolithographic process to build a Hartmann-Shack type wavefront sensor using a 65 X 50 element binary optic lens array as the wavefront sampling element. The inherent accuracy and versatility of the lithographic process has reduced sampling and calibration errors associated with classic Hartmann sensing by allowing the lens array geometry to be tailored to CCD detector geometry with extreme precision. Combined with a quad-cell centroiding algorithm and wavefront reconstruction routines based on the successive over relaxation (SOR) algorithm, we present a wavefront sensor with submicron spot position accuracy, uniform response curves for all spots in the array, high dynamic range, and relative insensitivity to laboratory environmental vibrations. Experimental results obtained during a comparison of its performance to established wavefront methods are presented.
9‐Hydroxyellipticine inhibits telomerase activity in human pancreatic cancer cells (1998)

There is increasing interest in identifying potent inhibitors of telomerase because the enzyme plays a crucial role in the development of cellular immortality and carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that 9-hydroxyellipticine (9-HE), an antitumor alkaloid, would inhibit telomerase activity because the drug has a unique mechanism of inhibiting phosphorylation of mutant p53 protein via inhibition of protein kinases, thereby restoring wild-type p53 function. This study was conducted to examine the effect of 9-HE on telomerase activity in human pancreatic cancer cells with differing p53 gene status. 9-HE treatment at relatively high concentrations resulted in rapid, complete inhibition of telomerase activity, irrespective of the p53 status. We conclude that 9-HE may exert a strong inhibitory effect on telomerase activity possibly through inhibition of protein kinases rather than through restoration of functional wild-type p53.
Double Frequency Grating Lateral Shear Interferometer (1973)

A simple grating lateral shear interferometer is described that can be made to give simultaneously two interferograms having shear in two orthogonal directions. The shear for the two orthogonal directions is produced in one plane by one double frequency crossed diffraction grating that can easily be produced holographically. Translating the grating sideways causes the irradiance of the interferogram to vary sinusoidally with time enabling the interferometer to be used with real-time heterodyne phase detection.
Liquid Sample Inlet System for Gas Chromatographs (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid Sample Inlet System for Gas ChromatographsRobert E. Davis and J M. McCreaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1957, 29, 7, 1114–1115Publication Date (Print):June 21, 1957Publication History Published online19 March 2003Published inissue 21 June 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60127a602https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60127a602research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization and optimization of absorbing plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited antireflection coatings for silicon photovoltaics (1997)

We have optimized plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of SiN-based antireflection (AR) coatings with special consideration for the short-wavelength (<600 nm) parasitic absorption in SiN. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to measure the dispersion relation for both the refractive index n and the extinction coefficient k, allowing a precise analysis of the trade-off between reflection and absorption in SiN-based AR coatings. Although we focus on photovoltaic applications, this study may be useful for photodetectors, IR optics, and any device for which it is essential to maximize the transmission of light into silicon. We designed and optimized various AR coatings for minimal average (spectrally) weighted reflectance (? R(w) ?) and average weighted absorptance (? A (w) ?), using the air mass 1.5 global solar spectrum. In most situations ? R (w) ? decreased with higher n, but ? A (w) ? increased because k increased with n. For the practical case of a single-layer AR coating for silicon under glass, an optimum refractive index of ~2.23 (at 632.8 nm) was determined. Further simulations revealed that a double-layer SiN stack with an n = 2.42 film underneath an n = 2.03 film gives the minimum total photocurrent loss. Similar optimization of double-layer SiN/SiO(2) coatings for silicon in air revealed an optimum of n = 2.28 for SiN. To determine the allowable tolerance in index and film thickness, we generated isotransmittance plots, which revealed more leeway for n values below the optimum than above because absorption begins to reduce photocurrent for high n values.
Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous Hydrogenation of Carbon DioxidePhilip G. Jessop, Takao Ikariya, and Ryoji NoyoriCite this: Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2, 259–272Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00034a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00034a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51320Altmetric-Citations895LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer Synthesis from Amino Acids (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mechanical impedances of lungs and chest wall in the cat (1992)

In nine anesthetized and paralyzed cats, the mechanical impedances of the total respiratory system (Zrs) and the lungs (ZL) were measured with small-volume pseudorandom forced oscillations between 0.2 and 20 Hz. ZL was measured after thoracotomy, and chest wall impedance (Zw) was calculated as Zw = Zrs-ZL. All impedances were determined by using input airflow [input impedance (Zi)] and output flow measured with a body box [transfer impedance (Zt)]. The differences between Zi and Zt were small for Zrs and negligible for ZL. At 0.2 Hz, the real and imaginary parts of ZL amounted to 33 +/- 4 and 35 +/- 3% (SD), respectively, of Zrs. Up to 8 Hz, all impedances were consistent with a model containing a frequency-independent resistance and inertance and a constant-phase tissue part (G-jH)/omega alpha, where G and H are coefficients for damping and elastance, respectively, omega is angular frequency, and alpha determines the frequency dependence of the real and imaginary parts. G/H was higher for Zw than for ZL (0.29 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.22 +/- 0.04, P less than 0.01). In four cats, the amplitude dependence of impedances was studied: between oscillation volumes of 0.8 and 3 ml, GL, HL, Gw, and Hw decreased on average by 3, 9, 26, and 29%, respectively, whereas the change in G/H was small for both ZL (7%) and Zw (-4%). The values of H were two to three times higher than the quasistatic elastances estimated with greater volume changes (greater than 20 ml).
Simultaneous Estimation of Transmissivity Values and Zonation (1996)

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) has long been recognized as a powerful, yet computationally intensive, methodology for stochastic parameter estimation. Three improvements to traditional algorithms are presented and applied to heterogeneous transmissivity estimation. First, the costly EKF covariance updates are replaced by more efficient approximations. Second, the zonation structure of the distributed parameter field being estimated is dynamically determined and refined using a partitional clustering algorithm. Third, a new method of merging first and second moments of random fields that have heterogeneous statistics is introduced. We apply this method, called random field union, as an alternative to conventional random field averaging for the systematic shrinking of covariance matrices as the dimensionality of the parameter space is reduced. The effects of these three improvements are examined. In applications to steady state groundwater flow test problems, we show that the first and second improvements reduce the computational time requirements dramatically, while the second and third can improve the accuracy and stability of the results. The resulting integrated method is successfully applied to a larger, more realistic calibration test case under steady and cyclostationary flow conditions (similar to regular seasonal fluctuations). When flow is steady, the method can be viewed as iterative; when flow is transient, the method is fully recursive.
Molecular Signaling of Somatostatin Receptors (2004)

Somatostatin is a neuropeptide family that is produced by neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and immune cells in response to different stimuli. Somatostatin acts as an endogenous inhibitory regulator of various cellular functions including secretions, motility, and proliferation. Its action is mediated by a family of G-protein-coupled receptors (called sst1-sst5) that are widely distributed in the brain and periphery. The five receptors bind the natural peptides with high affinity, but only sst2, sst5, and sst3 bind the short synthetic analogs used to treat acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors. This review covers the current knowledge in somatostatin receptor biology and signaling.
Performance of multichannel reception with transmit antenna selection in arbitrarily distributed Nagakami fading channels (2009)

We present exact expressions for the average bit error rate (BER) and symbol error rate (SER) of different modulation techniques of a wireless system with multiple transmit and receive antennas. The receive antennas are assumed to use maximal ratio combining (MRC) or post-detection equal gain combining (EGC), whereas the transmit antenna that maximizes the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is selected. Exact expressions of the moment generating function (MGF) of the output SNR and all its derivatives are also derived. We consider a Nakagami-m fading channel where the long-term SNR and fading parameters from the different transmit antennas are arbitrary and may be different from each other. For a given transmit antenna, the fading at the receive antennas is assumed to be independent and identically distributed (i.i.d). For the case when the Nakagami fading parameter m has an integer value in every channel, results are given in closed-form as a finite sum of simple terms. When fading parameters take any real value, our results are given in terms of the multivariate Lauricella hypergeometric function F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(n)</sup> . Numerical results for the error rates of different modulation techniques are presented.. Our results are validated by Monte Carlo simulation.
Lightweight, Multifunctional Polyetherimide/Graphene@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Composite Foams for Shielding of Electromagnetic Pollution (2013)

Novel high-performance polyetherimide (PEI)/graphene@Fe3O4 (G@Fe3O4) composite foams with flexible character and low density of about 0.28-0.4 g/cm(3) have been developed by using a phase separation method. The obtained PEI/G@Fe3O4 foam with G@Fe3O4 loading of 10 wt % exhibited excellent specific EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of ~41.5 dB/(g/cm(3)) at 8-12 GHz. Moreover, most the applied microwave was verified to be absorbed rather than being reflected back, resulting from the improved impedance matching, electromagnetic wave attenuation, as well as multiple reflections. Meanwhile, the resulting foams also possessed a superparamagnetic behavior and low thermal conductiviy of 0.042-0.071 W/(m K). This technique is fast, highly reproducible, and scalable, which may facilitate the commercialization of such composite foams and generalize the use of them as EMI shielding materials in the fields of spacecraft and aircraft.
Some cardiovascular effects of the insect repellent <i>N,N</i>‐diethyl‐<i>m</i>‐toluamide (DEET) (1988)

Initial toxicological safety evaluations of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) indicated a potential hypotensive effect. The current study was initiated in order to pursue this aspect of DEET toxicity and to elucidate potential mechanisms for this response. Sublethal intraperitoneal injections of DEET in anesthetized rats were found to decrease mean blood pressure and heart rate in a dose-related fashion. Doses ranged from 56 to 225 mg/kg. Dogs treated with 225 mg/kg of DEET exhibited a similar hypotension and bradycardia. Cardiac output was also significantly reduced but stroke volume and total peripheral resistance were not altered. Lead II ECG changes included small increases in P-R and Q-T intervals. In a series of pharmacological studies in rats, DEET was found to decrease the hypotension and bradycardia associated with acetylcholine injection; epinephrine, norepinephrine, and histamine responses were not altered. Atropine pretreatment reduced but did not eliminate the hypotensive effects of DEET.
New Zealand's Children's Literature (1970-2001) (2001)

These ACE working papers were a publication of the Auckland College of Education and the last of these was produced in 2006.
Thermal Oxidation of Silicon Carbide (SiC) – Experimentally Observed Facts (2011)

Specification of used 4H-SiC substrateThe availability of the right kind of material has put a restriction for the fabrication of semiconductor devices.There are limited sources where single crystalline SiC substrate is available.At present, the most known firm is M/s CREE Research Inc USA, which is known worldwide for the supply of basic SiC substrates in 2″ or larger diameter sizes.In this reported work n-type 4H-SiC material was the obvious selection with maximum possible epitaxy layer (50 µm) on Si-face with lowest possible doping.Accordingly, CREE Research Inc. USA supplied the following structure on a 2" diameter wafer.Figure 1 (a) shows the schematic details of used 4H-SiC substrate and (b) shows the 2″ wafer hold by tweezers showing optical transparency by looking at carrier holder through the wafer.
Temperature Stable Boresight Module (1986)

Laser-guided weapons delivery systems are now well known. Such systems, termed laser designator/sensors, are optical devices which usually include a laser and a near-infrared TV camera, in combination with autotracking capability, a direct-view optical telescope system, and a forward looking infrared (FLIR) nighttime imaging/tracking system. One of the major potential sources of error in optical devices is misalignment of optical elements, particularly optical devices in helicopters and tanks where operating environments are quite severe. Alignment is maintained by boresighting with an optical sub-system called a bore-sight module. The boresight module is optically coupled with the particular designator sensor and tracking system. Most boresight module components provide greatly relaxed angular tolerances that are achieved with Risley prisms. Nevertheless, the problem of their accuracies is not completely solved. While vibrational and weight load errors have been considered, the problem of thermal changes leading to variations in results has gone unsolved. This paper discusses a solution to the thermal distortion problem by providing a zero expansion transfer device, spanning two widely separated optical apertures for mutual boresighting. The boresight module renders two parallel lines of sight in visible, near and far infrared spectra by retro-reflection and auto-collimation. The reflective collimator has diamond-turned aspheric surfaces.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTITUMOR AGENTS PART 11, SYNTHESIS AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF EPOXIDES OF HELENALIN RELATED DERIVATIVES (1975)

Abstract Zur Untersuchung auf tumorhemmende Wirkung werden verschiedene Epoxide in der Helenalinreihe hergestellt.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Rosa hybrida Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase Gene (1995)

A full length cDNA clone encoding rose dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) was isolated from a cDNA library derived from rose petals by screening with the cDNA of Petunia hybrida DFR. Sequence comparison of the rose DFR with reported DFR genes revealed that they are homologous to each other. The amount of DFR mRNA in rose petals was developmentally regulated and paralleled anthocyanin production in petals. Sepals, thorns, styles and stamens also contained anthocyanins and DFR mRNA. No DFR mRNA was observed in mature leaves and a small amount of the transcript was detected in young leaves. A petunia cultivar, whose colour was pale pink due to a deficiency in flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, was transformed with a binary vector containing a rose DFR cDNA cloned behind a constitutive promoter. Petals and anthers of the resultant transgenic petunia plants were salmon pink and contained pelargonidin, an anthocyanidin rarely found in petunia.
Real virtuality (2009)

Humans perceive the world with all five senses: visuals, audio, smell, touch and taste. Crossmodal effects, i.e. the interaction of the senses, can have a major influence on how environments are being perceived, even to the extent that large amounts of detail of one sense may be ignored when in the presence of other more dominant sensory inputs. Real Virtuality environments (also known as there-reality™) are true high-fidelity multi-sensory virtual environments which provide the same perceptual response from viewers as if they were actually present, or "there" in the real scene being portrayed.
Preclinical studies of water-insoluble camptothecin congeners: cytotoxicity, development of resistance, and combination treatments. (1995)

Water-insoluble camptothecin (CPT) congeners are rapidly establishing themselves as promising anticancer drugs. In vitro, they have exhibited: (a) insensitivity to elevated levels of P-glycoprotein that confers multidrug resistance; (b) selective killing of malignant cells traversing the S-phase of the cell cycle, while leaving viable normal cells, which either are arrested at the S-G2 boundary or continue to divide; (c) no cross-resistance with several other anticancer drugs; and (d) potentiation or enhancement of cytotoxicity when appropriately used in combination with tumor necrosis factor, ionizing radiation, and hyperthermia. In addition, development of cell resistance to water-insoluble CPT congeners in vitro is accompanied by increased sensitivity to other anticancer drugs. Furthermore, water-insoluble CPT congeners have exhibited an unprecedented activity against a wide variety of human tumors xenografted in nude mice by inhibiting growth and inducing regression of carcinomas of the lung, breast, ovary, colon, stomach, pancreas, and prostate, as well as malignant melanoma, lymphoma, and leukemia. More importantly, oral administration of the water-insoluble CPT congeners in clinical studies with cancer patients makes other route(s) of administration unnecessary.