gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Sensory and Food Quality: The R‐Index Analysis (2009)

The accurate quantification of sensory difference/similarity between foods, as well as consumer acceptance/preference and concepts, is greatly needed to optimize and maintain food quality. The R-Index is one class of measures of the degree of difference/similarity, and was originally developed for sensory difference tests for food quality control, product development, and so on. The index is based on signal detection theory and is free of the response bias that can invalidate difference testing protocols, including categorization and same-different and A-Not A tests. It is also a nonparametric analysis, making no assumptions about sensory distributions, and is simple to compute and understand. The R-Index is also flexible in its application. Methods based on R-Index analysis have been used as detection and sensory difference tests, as simple alternatives to hedonic scaling, and for the measurement of consumer concepts. This review indicates the various computational strategies for the R-Index and its practical applications to consumer and sensory measurements in food science.
Theory of Simultaneous Multiple Streak Collimation in Continuous-Flow Electrophoresis by Superposition of Electro-Osmosis and Thermal Convection (1979)

Abstract The resolving power in continuous flow streak deflection electrophoresis (the “free flow” curtain electrophoresis as well as in “endless fluid belt” electrophoresis) is limited by the broadening of the streaks during the process of electro-migration. This effect becomes more pronounced as the diameter of the injector is increased to augment the throughput. A gain in the latter is thus achieved at a sacrifice in resolution. It has been possible until now to avoid this limitation for only one fraction of an electrophoretic mixture, namely that component whose electrophoretic velocity is equal and opposite to the velocity of the electro-osmotic flow adjacent to the wall of the electrophoretic curtain (6,7). This paper elucidates a way to achieve streak collimation (i.e. elimination of streak broadening) simultaneously for all components of an electrophoretic mixture and to do it in an optimal velocity configuration where the throughput increases with the square of the injector diameter without an essential concomitant loss in resolution.
An experimental study on shock wave mitigation capability of polyurea and shear thickening fluid based suspension pads (2017)

The present experimental study investigates shock wave mitigation capability of potentially new personal protective equipment (PPE) suspension pads made from polyurea and shear thickening fluid (STF). The shock tube test results show that when placed behind Twaron fabric systems with thickness ranging from 2 mm to 18 mm, the replacement of conventional flexible foam pad with STF and STF-infused foam pads with the same thickness of 20 mm greatly reduces the normalized peak pressure (by about 72% for each pad). However, this benefit is partially offset by a large increase in the normalized impulse (by about 78% for the STF pad and 131% for the STF-infused foam pad) which may cause the shock wave mitigation performance of these two pads to become less effective. Interestingly, the use of 4 mm thick polyurea pad can greatly reduce the normalized peak pressure and impulse as well (by about 74% and 49%, respectively). These results reveal that among the potentially new suspension pads tested, the polyurea pad displays the best shock wave mitigation performance. Therefore, polyurea has potential for use as a suspension pad in personal protective equipment requiring shock wave mitigation capability such as fabric ballistic vests, bomb suits and combat helmets.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF FUROYLGUANIDINES AND COMPARISON OF THEIR PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES WITH THE PROPERTIES OF FUROYLUREAS (1977)

Abstract Durch Acylierung von Guanidin (I) mit Estern oder Chloriden von Furancarbonsäuren (II) erhält man die N‐Acylguanidine (III).
Conditions for Producing Intense Ionic Beams (1939)

Conditions for the optimum production of positive ions and their complete removal from the ionization region to form a beam are developed. The calculations take into account the variation in ionization cross section as a function of electron energy. The mechanism of proton production is considered and the efficiency of arc type sources is discussed.
Field trial of Saussurea lappa roots against nematodes and Nigella sativa seeds against cestodes in children. (1991)

Antinematodal efficacy of Saussurea lappa roots (Qust-e-Shereen) and anticestodal effect of Nigella sativa seeds (Kalonji) was studied in children infected naturally with the respective worms. The activities were judged on the basis of percentage reductions in the faecal eggs per gram (EPG) counts. The 50 mg/kg single dose of S. lappa and equivalent amount of its methanolic extract produced on days 7 and 15 percentage EPG reduction similar to 10 mg/kg of pyrantel pamoate. Similarly, single oral administration of 40 mg/kg of N. sativa, equivalent amount of its ethanolic extract and 50 mg/kg of niclosamide reduced the percentage of EPG counts not significantly different from each other on the days 7 and 15. Therefore, it is conceivable that these indigenous medicinal plants contain active principles effective against nematodes and cestodes. The crude drugs did not produce any adverse side effects in the doses tested.
Development of a Mobile EEG-based Biometric Authentication System (2012)

In recent years the need for greater security for storing personal and business data or accessing corporate net- works on mobile devices is growing rapidly, and one of the potential solutions is to employ the innovative biometric au- thentication techniques. This paper presents the development of a mobile biometric authentication system based on electro- encephalogram (EEG) recordings in combination with already proven technologies such as facial detection and near-field communication (NFC). The overall goal of this work is to fill the gap between mobile web technologies and wireless EEG devices and to develop a new authentication technique and a feasible application. Therefore, we review the relevant litera- ture, conduct several EEG measurement experiments and dis- cuss their procedure and results with experts in the EEG and digital signal processing (DSP) fields. Based on these results we build and present a mobile prototype system capable of au- thenticating users based on the uniqueness of their brainwaves. Furthermore, we implement a novel authentication process, which leads the authentication system to be more secure. We also give suggestions for future improvements of the system.
Dielectric Resonators as Microstrip Circuit Elements (1970)

Dielectric resonators may be used as hybrid circuit elements in microstrip transmission line circuits. These resonators may function as bandpass filters, bandstop filters, passive stabilization cavities for solid-state diode oscillators, or as reference cavities for Pound discriminators. Dielectric resonators are small size and high Q which makes them desirable for microstrip circuits where deposited resonators are large at lower microwave frequencies and have limited Q's. The purpose of this paper is to present a simple design procedure for cylindrical TiO/sub 2/ resonators on microstrip and to illustrate the use of such a resonator in a practical Pound discriminator circuit.
Anomalous levels of Cl <sup>−</sup> transporters in the hippocampal subiculum from temporal lobe epilepsy patients make GABA excitatory (2006)

The mRNA levels of NKCC1, an inwardly directed Na(+), K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter that facilitates the accumulation of intracellular Cl(-), and of KCC2, an outwardly directed K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter that extrudes Cl(-), were studied in surgically resected brain specimens from drug-resistant temporal lobe (TL) epilepsy (TLE) patients. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses of the mRNAs extracted from the human TLE-associated brain regions revealed an up-regulation of NKCC1 mRNA and a down-regulation of KCC2 mRNA in the hippocampal subiculum, compared with the hippocampus proper or the TL neocortex, suggesting an abnormal transcription of Cl(-) transporters in the TLE subiculum. In parallel experiments, cell membranes isolated from the same TLE-associated brain regions were injected into Xenopus oocytes that rapidly incorporated human GABA(A) receptors into their surface membrane. The GABA currents elicited in oocytes injected with membranes from the subiculum had a more depolarized reversal potential (E(GABA)) compared with the hippocampus proper or the neocortex. The NKCC1 blocker bumetanide or a temperature decrease of 10 degrees C shifted the GABA-current E(GABA) more negative in oocytes injected with membranes from TLE hippocampal subiculum, matching the E(GABA) of TL neocortex-injected oocytes. We conclude that the anomalous expression of both Cl(-) transporters, NKCC1 and KCC2 [corrected] in TLE hippocampal subiculum probably causes altered Cl(-) transport in the "epileptic" neurons, as revealed in the microtransplanted Xenopus oocytes, and renders GABA aberrantly "exciting," a feature that may contribute to the precipitation of epileptic seizures.
Nuclear mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that affect the escape of DNA from mitochondria to the nucleus. (1993)

We have inserted a yeast nuclear DNA fragment bearing the TRP1 gene and its associated origin of DNA replication, ARS1, into the functional mitochondrial chromosome of a strain carrying a chromosomal trp1 deletion. TRP1 was not phenotypically expressed within the organelle. However, this Trp- strain readily gave rise to respiratory competent Trp+ clones that contained the TRP1/ARS1 fragment, associated with portions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), replicating in their nuclei. Thus the Trp+ clones arose as a result of DNA escaping from mitochondria and migrating to the nucleus. We have isolated 21 nuclear mutants in which the rate of mtDNA escape is increased by screening for increased rates of papillation to Trp+. All 21 mutations were recessive and fell into six complementation groups, termed YME1-YME6. In addition to increasing the rate of mtDNA escape, yme1 mutations also caused a heat-sensitive respiratory deficient phenotype at 37 degrees and a cold-sensitive growth defect on complete glucose medium at 14 degrees. While the other yme mutations had no detectable growth phenotypes, synergistic interactions were observed in two double mutant combinations: a yme1, yme2 double mutant failed to respire at 30 degrees and a yme4, yme6 double mutant failed to respire at all temperatures tested. None of the respiratory defects were caused by loss of functional mtDNA. These findings suggest that yme1, yme2, yme4 and yme6 mutations alter mitochondrial functions and thereby lead to an increased rate of DNA escape from the organelle.
Novel Less-Abundant Viral MicroRNAs Encoded by Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Latency-Associated Transcript and Their Roles in Regulating ICP34.5 and ICP0 mRNAs (2008)

We recently identified an acutely and latently expressed viral microRNA (miRNA), miR-I, encoded by herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) latency-associated transcript (LAT) through small RNA cloning and two miRNAs encoded by HSV-1 LAT through prediction. We now report the use of high-throughput sequencing technology to identify two additional relatively less-abundant viral miRNAs, miR-II and miR-III, encoded by HSV-2 LAT exon 2. miR-II includes two miRNAs, miR-II-5p and miR-II-3p, which are processed from the same miRNA precursor. miR-II and miR-III map antisense to the 5' untranslated region of ICP34.5 and to the coding region of ICP0 exon 3, respectively. These novel miRNAs are conserved in different HSV-2 strains, and their presence in infected- and transfected-cell cultures was confirmed by Northern hybridization. All three HSV-2 LAT-encoded miRNAs map to genome locations similar to those of three out of four identified HSV-1 LAT-encoded miRNAs, but the sequences of these miRNAs are not conserved. The expression of LAT-encoded miRNAs is negatively regulated by ICP4, the major viral transactivator. We further show that, similar to miR-I, miR-II is able to efficiently silence the expression of ICP34.5, a key viral neurovirulence factor, and that miR-III is able to silence the expression of ICP0, a key viral transactivator. All these data suggest that LAT sequences likely contribute to HSV latency and reactivation through tight control of these LAT-encoded miRNAs and their viral targets.
API System: a Multitube Micromethod for Identification of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (1972)

The API system for identification of Enterobacteriaceae was evaluated with 366 cultures. Overall accuracy of identification was 96.4%; of the 13 cultures misidentified, 7 were atypical strains.
Intercalation of Alkali Metal Cations into Layered Organotitanium Oxides (2003)

Deprotonierung des Komplexes [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)(μ-O)}3(μ3-CH)] mit Alkalimetallalkylen und -amiden erwies sich als zuverlässige Methode zur Intercalierung von Alkalimetallionen zwischen metallorganische Titanoxidschichten (siehe Bild). Der Intercalierungsprozess und die erhaltenen Strukturen wurden anhand von DFT-Rechnungen analysiert.
History-based weighted average voter: a novel software voting algorithm for fault-tolerant computer systems (2002)

Voting algorithms have been widely used in the realisation of fault-tolerant systems. We propose a new software voting algorithm which uses the history record of redundant modules to compute the final output. Two versions for the novel algorithm are introduced In the first version any module result is assigned to a weighting value such that module results with higher history record value, are assigned to a higher weighing value than those with lower history record value. In the second version of the novel voter, those module results which have a history record value, less than the average record value, are allocated a weight of zero and removed from the contribution toward the voter output. Furthermore, a novel method for creation of a history record of modules is proposed. Empirical results show that both versions of the novel voter give higher safety performance than the Standard Weighted Average voter with permanent and transient errors.
Monopolistic Competition with Outside Goods (1979)

The Chamberlinian monopolistically competitive equilibrium has been explored and extended in a number of recent papers. These analyses have paid only cursory attention to the existence of an industry outside the Chamberlinian group. In this article I analyze a model of spatial competition in which a second commodity is explicitly treated. In this two-industry economy, a zero-profit equilibrium with symmetrically located firms may exhibit rather strange properties. First, demand curves are kinked, although firms make Nash conjectures. If equilibrium lies at the kink, the effects of parameter changes are perverse. In the short run, prices are rigid in the face of small cost changes. In the long run, increases in costs lower equilibrium prices. Increases in market size raise prices. The welfare properties are also perverse at a kinked equilibrium.
Troglitazone-Induced Heart and Adipose Tissue Cell Proliferation in Mice (1999)

Troglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, is a novel agent for the oral treatment of non-insulin-dependent (Type II) diabetes mellitus; it works by increasing cell sensitivity to available insulin. Previous studies have shown that rodents treated with high doses of troglitazone develop increased heart weight and increased interscapular brown fat. This study investigated cellular proliferation in heart and brown fat of troglitazone-treated mice as well as possible interactions with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (quinipril). B6C3F1 female mice were treated daily with either vehicle control, 125 mg/kg quinipril, 1,200 mg/kg troglitazone, or troglitazone/quinipril combination per os for up to 14 days. Four days before necropsy, mice were dosed with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) using osmotic pumps. Cell proliferation in heart, brown fat, and retroperitoneal white fat was investigated by means of light microscopic anti-BrdU immunolabeling techniques. Immunoelectron microscopy was used to determine the cell phenotypes and cellular distribution of BrdU label in heart and brown fat. Treatment with troglitazone for 2 wk resulted in increased heart and brown fat weights but in decreased white fat weight. Combination treatment with troglitazone and quinipril also resulted in decreased white fat weight compared with controls. Histologically, brown fat adipocytes in troglitazone- and troglitazone/quinipril-treated mice had coalescent lipid vacuoles and increased eosinophilia of the cytoplasm. White fat adipocytes in troglitazone- and troglitazone/quinipril-treated mice had decreased cell size and increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia. BrdU labeling revealed increased cell proliferation in troglitazone-treated hearts after 1 wk but did not reveal increased cell proliferation in quinipril- or troglitazone/quinipril-treated animals. Brown fat BrdU labeling after 1 wk was increased in troglitazone- and troglitazone/quinipril-treated mice. Ultrastructural anti-BrdU immunogold labeling demonstrated that troglitazone-treated heart and brown fat had greater populations of BrdU-labeled cells that were identified as endothelial cells. These results demonstrated that troglitazone-induced increased cardiac weight in mice can be prevented by quinipril and that increased cardiac weight coincides with early increased endothelial cell proliferation.
Mutations in fibrillar collagens (types I, II, III, and XI), fibril-associated collagen (type IX), and network-forming collagen (type X) cause a spectrum of diseases of bone, cartilage, and blood vessels (1997)

This review summarizes the data on 278 different mutations found to date in the genes for types I, II, III, IX, X, and XI collagens from 317 apparently unrelated patients. A majority (217 mutations; 78% of the total) of the mutations are single-base and either change the codon of a critical amino acid (63%), or lead to abnormal RNA splicing (13%). Most of the amino acid substitutions are those of a bulkier amino acid for the obligatory glycine of the repeating-Gly-X-Y-sequence of the collagen triple helix (155; 56%). Altogether, 26 different mutations (9.4% of the mutations) occur in more than one unrelated individual. The 65 patients in whom the 26 mutations were characterized constitute almost one-fifth (20.5%) of the 317 patients analyzed. The mutations in types I, II, III, IX, X, and XI collagens cause a wide spectrum of diseases of bone, cartilage, and blood vessels, including osteogenesis imperfecta, a variety of chondrodysplasias, types IV and VII of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and, rarely, some forms of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and familial aneurysms.
Resonance Raman studies of dioxygen stretching vibrations in oxygen adducts of cobalt porphyrins. The importance of vibrational coupling (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResonance Raman studies of dioxygen stretching vibrations in oxygen adducts of cobalt porphyrins. The importance of vibrational couplingKrzysztof Bajdor, James R. Kincaid, and Kazuo NakamotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 25, 7741–7747Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00337a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00337a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views554Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Carbene–Metal–Amide Bond Deformation, Rather Than Ligand Rotation, Drives Delayed Fluorescence (2018)

We report three characteristics of ideal thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecular systems apparent in carbene-metal-amides: (a) an exceptionally small singlet-triplet gap that effectively eliminates the thermal activation barrier to reverse intersystem crossing; (b) significant singlet oscillator strength promoting fluorescence in the region of this small barrier; and (c) enlarged spin-orbit coupling driving reverse intersystem crossing in this region. We carry out highly correlated quantum-chemical calculations to detail the relative energies of and spin-orbit couplings between the singlet and triplet states, finding that they fall closer together in energy and couple more strongly in going from the singlet ground-state to the triplet optimized geometry. This structural reorganization is defined not by rotation of the ligands but by a nontrivial bending of the carbene-metal-amide bond angle. This bending reduces carbene-metal-amide symmetry and enhances singlet-triplet interaction strength. We clarify that the reverse intersystem crossing triggering delayed fluorescence occurs around the coplanar triplet geometric optimum.
Neuraminidase activity in human leukocytes. (1971)

Abstract Leukocytes isolated from human blood contain neuraminidase activity. This enzyme has a pH optimum of 4.0, and it is present in the sedimentable fraction of leukocyte homogenates. Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Zn 2+ at 1mM concentration do not cause any significant changes of enzyme activity, while Hg 2+ , at the same concentration, is clearly inhibitory. This enzyme is also inhibited by Triton X-100, by deoxycholate, and by isotonic concentrations of NaCl, KCl, LiCl, and CaCl 2 . Low molecular weight substrates such as neuramin-lactose, neuramin-lactose sulfate, and sialoglycopeptides are hydrolyzed at a higher rate than gangliosides and glycoproteins. A procedure for the determination of leukocyte neuraminidase for clinical purposes has been developed, and the normal levels of enzyme activity have been established in blood from healthy, human adult subjects.
Efficient availability evaluation for transport backbone networks (2008)

The reliability of transport backbone networks is vital for the economy and security. Modern backbone networks use a mesh of fiber optic cables, which are, due to their ubiquitous deployment, prone to failures. The goal of this paper is to develop efficient computational methods for assessing the availability of such networks. We present both analytical and simulation approaches for this problem. Our analytical approach is based on cut set enumeration, while our simulation approach is based on Monte Carlo sampling techniques. To facilitate the computational process, we employ artificial intelligence methods based on genetic algorithms. We consider the expected loss of traffic (ELT) as the availability measure and show that ELT can be accurately estimated through an efficient procedure.