gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthese von Giycopeptiden: Selektive C‐terminale Deblockierung und Peptidkettenverlängerung an Glucosylserin‐Derivaten (1983)

Abstract Benzyloxycarbonyl‐(Z‐)serin‐2‐bromethylester ( 3b ) wird mit 2,3,4,6‐Tetra‐ O ‐benzoyl‐α‐D‐gluco‐pyranosylbromid ( 14 ) zum Glucosylserinester 15 verknüpft. Nach Umwandlung in den entsprechenden 2‐Iodethylester 23 wird die Carboxygruppe durch Eliminierung mit Zink selektiv deblockiert. Dabei bleiben die Z‐ und die Kohlenhydrat‐Schutzgruppen sowie die empfindliche O ‐glycosidische Bindung unverändert erhalten. Das Glycosyl‐Z‐serin 24 reagiert mit Aminosäure‐2‐bromethylestern 2 zu geschützten Glycodipeptid‐2‐bromethylestern 18 , die nach selektiver Carboxydeblockierung zu Glycotripeptidestern 25 C‐terminal verlängert werden. Während geschützte Serin‐Dipeptide 5 mit 14 zu Konjugaten 18 glycosyliert werden können, gelingt die Glycosylierung von Serin‐Tripeptiden 10 nicht.
New Opioid Designed Multiple Ligand from Dmt-Tic and Morphinan Pharmacophores (2006)

Here, we report the synthesis of a designed multi-pharmacophore ligand derived from the linkage of a delta selective peptide antagonist (Dmt-Tic) and a mu/kappa morphinan agonist butorphan (MCL 101) through a two methylene spacer. The new compound MCL 450 maintains the same characteristics as those the two reference compounds. MCL 450 represents a useful starting point for the synthesis of other multiple opioid ligands endowed with analgesic properties with low tolerance and dependence.
Present status of clinical deployment of glucokinase activators (2014)

Glucokinase is one of four members of the hexokinase family of enzymes. Its expression is limited to the major organs (such as the pancreas, liver, brain and the gastrointestinal tract) that are thought to have an integrated role in glucose sensing. In the liver, phosphorylation of glucose by glucokinase promotes glycogen synthesis, whereas in the β-cells, it results in insulin release. Studies of glucokinase-linked genetically-modified mice and mutations in humans have illustrated the important roles played by glucokinase in whole-body glucose homeostasis, and suggest that the use of pharmacological agents that augment glucokinase activity could represent a viable treatment strategy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Since 2003, many glucokinase activators (GKAs) have been developed, and their ability to lower the blood glucose has been shown in several animal models of type 2 diabetes. Also, we and others have shown in mouse models that GKAs also have the effect of stimulating the proliferation of β-cells. However, the results of recent phase II trials have shown that GKAs lose their efficacy within several months of use, and that their use is associated with a high incidence of hypoglycemia; furthermore, patients treated with GKAs frequently developed dyslipidemia. A better understanding of the role of glucokinase in metabolic effects is required to resolve several issues identified in clinical trials.
Heterogeneity of systemic inflammatory responses to periodontal therapy (2009)

Periodontal therapy resulted in an overall reduction of systemic inflammation, but the responses were inconsistent across subjects and largely not sustainable. The determinants of this substantial heterogeneity need to be explored further.
Lymphocyte apoptosis induced by Fas ligand- expressing ovarian carcinoma cells. Implications for altered expression of T cell receptor in tumor-associated lymphocytes. (1998)

We have recently reported that tumor-associated lymphocytes obtained from ascitic fluids of women with ovarian carcinoma (OvCA) demonstrate a marked decrease in expression of cytoplasmic CD3-zeta and surface CD3-epsilon chains, which is associated with altered function of T cell receptor (TcR). We now demonstrate that OvCAs in situ and in culture express functional Fas ligand (FasL), capable of triggering an intrinsic cell death program in Fas-expressing T cells. The possibility of a relationship between cell death and altered expression of TcR was examined. The data indicate that alterations in expression of CD3-zeta and CD3-epsilon chains in T cells coincubated with OvCA are related to tumor-induced apoptosis, as the addition of pan-caspase inhibitors, DEVD-cho or YVAD-cho, prevents both the in vitro induction of T cell death by OvCA cells and the changes in the level of expression of CD3-zeta and CD3-epsilon chains. In the presence of Fas-Fc fusion protein, but not Fc-control protein, the loss in expression of CD3-zeta and CD3-epsilon chains induced in T cells by FasL+ OvCA cells was prevented. These results suggest that the loss in expression of CD3-zeta and CD3-epsilon chains in T lymphocytes interacting with OvCA cells is associated with apoptosis mediated by FasL-expressing tumor cells.
Emulsion copolymerization of styrene and sodium styrene sulfonate: kinetics, monomer reactivity ratios and copolymer properties (2008)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The synthesis of poly[styrene‐ co ‐(sodium styrene sulfonate)], poly(S‐ co ‐NaSS), with a high loading of sulfonate groups is of current interest owing to its potential use in numerous areas. A series of these copolymers with various sulfonate loads were synthesized using the emulsion polymerization technique with a study of the copolymerization kinetics, monomer reactivity ratio and copolymer properties. RESULTS: The copolymerization kinetics are significantly enhanced with an increase of NaSS feed in the polymerization. Monomer reactivity ratios were determined from NMR data by employing the Fineman–Ross and Kelen–T ü d ö s methods. Styrene ( r 1 ) and NaSS ( r 2 ) reactivity ratios are 0.5 and 10, respectively. The colloidal particle size of the copolymers depends upon the NaSS composition. The thermal stability of the copolymers is greatly enhanced with higher NaSS content in the copolymer backbone. Higher glass transition temperatures are observed for the copolymers with higher NaSS content. CONCLUSION: The reactivity ratio values suggest that styrene prefers to form copolymers whereas NaSS produces homopolymers. It is also found that styrene copolymerization with NaSS is only twice as fast as homopolymerization. In contrast, NaSS homopolymerization is ten times faster than NaSS copolymerization with styrene. The NaSS content in the copolymer backbone affects the thermal stability and the glass transition of the copolymers. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Serum Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Are Elevated in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Severe Nighttime Hypoxia (2002)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, some patients with OSA do not develop cardiovascular disease even in the presence of severe nocturnal oxygen desaturations. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a hypoxia-sensitive glycoprotein stimulating neoangiogenesis. We hypothesized that VEGF production is increased in OSA because of repetitive nocturnal hypoxia. Three different groups were investigated: 10 OSA patients with severe nighttime hypoxia (Group A), 10 OSA patients with moderate hypoxia (Group B), and 10 healthy volunteers (Group C). Serum levels of VEGF were measured by ELISA from peripheral venous blood samples obtained at 7 AM. Group A had significantly (p < 0.01) increased VEGF serum levels when compared with Group B and Group C (mean +/- SEM: 410 +/- 77 pg/ml versus 224 +/- 38 pg/ml and 245 +/- 61 pg/ml). The degree of nocturnal oxygen desaturation in OSA significantly correlated with the VEGF concentrations (r = 0.67, p < 0.01). In conclusion, serum levels of VEGF are elevated in severely hypoxic patients with OSA and are related to the degree of nocturnal oxygen desaturation. This might constitute an adaptive mechanism to counterbalance the emergence of OSA-related cardiovascular disease.
Scientific Storytelling Using Visualization (2011)

Scientists frequently tell stories using visualizations of scientific data, in the process of disseminating findings to peers and the general public. However, techniques and methods for effective scientific storytelling have received little attention so far. This article explores how literary and theatrical narrative conventions can inform the design and presentation of visualizations, and discusses the challenges of adapting scientific visualizations for broader audiences. It also summarizes recent workshops' findings on the role of storytelling in visualizations, and presents several examples of successful scientific-storytelling production teams. The conclusion is that scientific storytelling deserves greater support and recognition by the visualization community.
More than one way to go (2001)

The observations of Sperandio et al. are exciting because they may highlight a mechanism of internally programmed cell death that often exists in parallel with apoptosis but may be subject to different controls.
젖소의 성장 및 생산 단계에 따른 분뇨배설량 및 성분의 변화 (2011)

젖소는 성장단계 및 생산단계별 사료 급여 및 사양 관리 방법을 다르게 하여 사육되고 있어, 이에 따라 사료섭취량, 음수량 및 분뇨 배설량과 특성이 달라질 수 있는 것으로 인식되어 왔다. 그러나 이에 대한 정확한 자료가 조사되고 제시되지 않아 축산분뇨 정책을 수립하고 낙농농가가 적절하게 분뇨처리를 실시하도록 유도하는데 어려움이 있어왔다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 성장 단계와 생산 단계별로 젖소를 공시하여 사료섭취량, 음수량 및 분뇨 배설량과 분뇨 특성의 변화를 조사하였다. 시험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 사료와 물의 최대 섭취조건에서의 젖소의 평균 분뇨 발생량은 41.5 kg/두/일(분 24.9, 뇨 16.4 kg)이고 분뇨의 평균 수분함량은 각각 85.0% 과 93.9% 이였다. 젖소 분뇨의 $BOD_5$ , COD, SS의 오염 물질농도는 각각 분에서 15,444, 53,159, 40,528 mg/L이었고, 뇨에서 8,454, 1,116, 962 mg/L이었다. 그리고 분과 뇨를 통한 수질오염물질인 $BOD_5$ , $COD_{Mn}$ , SS의 일일부하량은 523, 1,416 및 1,025g 인 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 비료성분인 N, P, K의 함량은 분 중에는 0.33, 0.49 및 0.20% 으로 나타났고, 뇨 중에는 1.02, 0.27, 1.03으로 나타났다. 광물질인 Ca, Na, Mg 함량은 1.56, 0.24, 0.69% 이었으며, 중금속물질인 Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, As의 분중의 함량은 69.23, 19.14, 2.89, 7.73, 2.94 ppm 수준으로 조사되었다. 따라서 농가에서 젖소의 성장단계별 배출되는 분뇨를 파악함으로써 영양과 오염물질의 최적 균형을 유지할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 【This work was carried out to investigate the quantity of manure excreta and characteristics in growth and production phase of Holstein dairy cattle. The average manure production of dairy cattle under condition of ad libitum feeding was 41.5 kg/head/day (feces 24.9, urine 16.4 kg). The average moisture contents of feces and urine were 85.0% and 93.9%, respectively. Water pollutant concentration, $BOD_5$ , $COD_{Mn}$ and SS excreted from dairy cattle were 15,444 mg/ ${\ell}$ , 53,159 mg/ ${\ell}$ , and 40,528 mg/ ${\ell}$ in feces and 8,454 mg/ ${\ell}$ 1,116 mg/ ${\ell}$ , and 962 mg/ ${\ell}$ in urine, respectively. And The daily loading amount of $BOD_5$ , $COD_{Mn}$ , SS in dairy cattle manure were 523 g, 1,416 g and 1,025 g, respectively. N, P and K contents of manure produced by dairy cattle were 0.33, 0.49 and 0.20% in feces, and 1.02, 0.27 and 1.03 in urine, respectively. In the concentrations of mineral and heavy metal of manure, Ca, Na and Mg contents were 1.56, 0.24 and 0.69%, and Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb and As were 69.23, 19.14, 2.89, 7.73 and 2.94 ppm, respectively. In conclusion, Dairy farms can be estimated optimum nutrient and pollutant balance to effectively manage the manure produced.】
Passive OADM network element for hybrid ring-tree WDM/TDM-PON (2009)

The operation of a ring-tree WDM/TDM-PON and the enabling OADMs remote nodes performing the hybrid interface are described and specified, validating the capacity and functionality of the NGPON architecture.
<i>Egfl7</i>, a novel epidermal growth factor‐domain gene expressed in endothelial cells (2004)

We report the cloning and characterization of a novel epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain gene that was identified in a retroviral gene entrapment screen and is expressed in endothelial cells. This gene encodes a protein of 278 amino acids with an amino-terminal signal peptide and two centrally located EGF-like domains. We have named this novel gene in accordance with the guidelines of the Mouse Genome Informatics group Egfl7, for EGF-like domain 7. Egfl7 mRNA is expressed in highly vascularized adult tissues such as the lung, heart, uterus, and ovary. In addition, Egfl7 is expressed early during mouse embryogenesis and in undifferentiated murine embryonic stem cells. The analysis of Egfl7 expression in embryonic day 9.5 embryos by in situ hybridization indicates that Egfl7 is expressed in vascular structures in both the embryo proper and the yolk sac and at sites of mesodermal precursors of angioblasts. Within the cell, EGFL7 protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, suggesting that the protein is targeted for secretion. Indeed, recombinant EGFL7 is readily detectable in the supernatant media of transiently transfected HEK293 cells. We also report the identification of an Egfl7 paralog, Egfl8, and show that EGFL8 protein shares similar domains and molecular weight with EGFL7.
Determination of organotin compounds in environmental samples by supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (1993)

Abstract The extraction of six tetraalkyltin and seven ionic organotin compounds from spiked topsoil samples with supercritical carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide modified with 5 percent methanol was investigated. Analysis of the soil extracts was performed by gas chromatography with atomic emission detection. Retention times, minimum detectable concentrations, and detector linear ranges are included for nine organotin compounds (seven of the nine compounds were derivatized with n‐pentylmagnesium bromide prior to gas chromatographic analysis). A 2 3 factorial experimental design was used to study the effect of three variables (pressure, temperature, and extraction time) on compound recovery. The results indicate that the tetraalkyltin compounds are extracted from topsoil samples with recoveries ranging from 90 to 110 percent. Recoveries for the ionic organotin compounds ranged from 50 to 75 percent for trimethyltin chloride, triethyltin bromide, and tributyltin iodide; they were below 20 percent for dimethyltin dichloride, dibutyltin dichloride, diphenyltin dichloride, and butyltin trichloride. When sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was added to the soil samples prior to extraction, followed by extraction with carbon dioxide modified with 5 percent methanol, recoveries ranged from 70 to 90 percent for trimethyltin chloride, triethyltin bromide, dimethyltin dichloride, tributyltin iodide, and dibutyltin dichloride; recoveries were approximately 40 percent for butyltin trichloride and diphenyltin dichloride.
High-Pressure Bipropellant Microrocket Engine (2001)

The development of high-aspect-ratio, high-precision micromachining in silicon or silicon carbide suggests the feasibility of microfabricated, high-chamber-pressure chemical rocket engines. With high-speed turbopumps and valvesincorporatedontotherocketchip,anumberofpropulsioncyclesarepossible.Suchanengine,approximately 20 ££ 15 £ 3 mm in size, operating at a 125-atm chamberpressure, would produceabout 15 N of thrust using 300-s Isp propellants at a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1000:1. The feasibility of these engines has been investigated, and a liquid-cooled, pressure-fed thrust chamber and nozzle have been successfully designed, fabricated, and operated at a 12.5-atm chamber pressure to further evaluate the concept.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Ochratoxin A in Coffee Beans and Coffee Products (1986)

A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of ochratoxin A in coffee beans (green and roast), instant coffee, and coffee drink is described. The sample is subjected to extraction with methanol-1% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (1 + 1) and C18 cartridge cleanup. The extract is chromatographed on a Nucleosil 5C18 column with a mobile solvent of acetonitrile-water-0.2M phosphate buffer pH 7.5 (50 + 47 + 3) containing 3 mM cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as an ion-pair reagent. Ochratoxin A is detected with a fluorometer (excitation 365 nm, emission 450 nm). The sensitivity was increased 20-fold by using ion-pair resolution. The detection limits corresponded to 2 micrograms/kg for coffee beans, 5 micrograms/kg for instant coffee, and 0.2 microgram/kg for coffee drink. The recoveries from coffee products were generally better than 80.7% and the relative standard deviations were 3.43-5.93%. The peak coinciding with ochratoxin A can be confirmed by treatment using alcohol (methanol, ethanol, or n-propanol) and H2SO4.
Nebulized Milrinone Use in a Pulmonary Hypertensive Crisis (2007)

Significant advances have been achieved over the past few decades regarding comprehension of the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The development of new agents and use of existing drug therapies have targeted the underlying abnormalities and pathways leading to progression of PAH. Milrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, remains a therapeutic option. Unfortunately, intravenous administration of the drug in patients with PAH may be limited by systemic hypotension, especially in those already receiving prostanoid treatment. We describe a 42-year-old woman with acute decompensated idiopathic PAH who was given nebulized milrinone as a novel adjunctive therapy. She was acutely treated with intravenous treprostinil 2 ng/kg/minute and inhaled nitric oxide 20 ppm. However, increasing the treprostinil infusion rate or adding other therapies such as intravenous milrinone for acute symptomatic relief was limited by her hemodynamic instability, which required treatment with dobutamine, vasopressin, and epinephrine. Nebulized milrinone was added as salvage therapy for her acute PAH crisis. After 8 days of therapy, the patient's PAH symptoms improved without compromising her mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Nebulized milrinone in addition to inhaled nitric oxide and low-dose intravenous treprostinil may have played a major role in the acute management of her PAH crisis. Further studies are needed to assess the role of nebulized milrinone in patients with PAH.
Survey of Robot 3D Path Planning Algorithms (2016)

Robot 3D (three-dimension) path planning targets for finding an optimal and collision-free path in a 3D workspace while taking into account kinematic constraints (including geometric, physical, and temporal constraints). The purpose of path planning, unlike motion planning which must be taken into consideration of dynamics, is to find a kinematically optimal path with the least time as well as model the environment completely. We discuss the fundamentals of these most successful robot 3D path planning algorithms which have been developed in recent years and concentrate on universally applicable algorithms which can be implemented in aerial robots, ground robots, and underwater robots. This paper classifies all the methods into five categories based on their exploring mechanisms and proposes a category, called multifusion based algorithms. For all these algorithms, they are analyzed from a time efficiency and implementable area perspective. Furthermore a comprehensive applicable analysis for each kind of method is presented after considering their merits and weaknesses.
Heavy oil spill cleanup using law grade raw cotton fibers: Trial for practical application (2011)

Crude oil released to the marine environment through accidental spillage or drainage from land causes serious damage to the environment and marine life. Treatment of oil spills remains a challenge to environmental scientists and technologists. Sorption is a popular technique applied for treatment of oil spillage. In this paper, the potential of raw law value cotton fibers, to remove used oil was investigated also an attempt was made to provide an efficient, easily deployable method of cleaning up oil spills and recovering of the oil. It is important to provide a safe system for oil removal and recovery. The results presented and discussed in this work pointed out that the loose low grade cotton fibers and the pad have an excellent commercial potential as a sorbent for oil.

	 

	Key words: Used oil, sorption capacity, sorbent, low grade cotton fibers pad.
Introduction (2011)

This book is concerned with the real life experiences of conducting empirical research about families and relationships. Drawing together personal reflections from over 40 researchers working across the social sciences, the emphasis is on the actualities of doing research on intimate and personal relationships, and the experiences of being a researcher working in this field. This focus distinguishes the book from the more ‘how-to’ approach and practical guidance of some methodology texts. As such, this extensive collection of reflexive contributions aims to advance the developing body of work reflecting on particular issues that arise when researching personal lives.
Preparation of PZT Film on (100)Pt/(100) MgO Substrate by CVD and Its Properties (1994)

PZT thin films were epitaxially grown on (100)Pt/(100) MgO substrates by CVD under partial oxygen pressure (PO2) from 0.96 to 8.4Torr. The crystal structure and microstructure of the films were almost the same as those prepared on MgO substrates irrespective of PO2. However, for films deposited below 1.6Torr of PO2, the existence of PbPt5-7 phase was ascertained by XRD measurement, and the electric leakage between top and bottom electrodes was observed. The X-ray pole figure measurement showed that this PbPt5-7 was epitaxially related to the deposited PZT thin film and the (100)Pt/(100) MgO substrate. The relative dielectric constant, εr, of epitaxially grown Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 films was about 300, lower than that of non-oriented film. This phenomenon can be elucidated by the fact that the calculated εr of PZT crystals along the c-axis is lower than that perpendicular to the c-axis.
Binding of an HIV Rev peptide to Rev responsive element RNA induces formation of purine-purine base pairs (1994)

The Rev responsive element (RRE) is an RNA secondary structural element within the env gene of HIV and is the binding site for the viral Rev protein. Formation of the Rev-RRE complex is involved in regulation of splicing and transport of mRNA from the nucleus. To understand the structural basis for the specific recognition of RRE by Rev, we have studied a model system for this interaction using NMR. We have obtained a specific 1:1 complex between an RNA derived from stem IIB of RRE, which contains the highest affinity Rev binding site, and a modified Rev34-50 peptide, which binds the RRE as an alpha-helix [Tan, R., et al. (1993) Cell 73, 1031-1040]. Binding of the peptide was accompanied by a conformational change in the RNA, which resulted in the formation of additional base pairs not present in the free RNA. Two of these induced base pairs are purine-purine pairs within the internal loop of RRE, which had been previously proposed on the basis of biochemical experiments [Bartel, D.P., et al. (1991) Cell 67, 529-536]. The formation of non-Watson-Crick base pairs, interactions in the major groove, and protein-induced conformational changes may prove to be common characteristics of RNA recognition of proteins.