gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimized Representations for the Acceleration of Display- and Collision Queries (2008)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
A consistent nonlinear simulation environment based on improved harmonic balance techniques (2002)

Nonlinear simulations of semiconductor networks, in both the time and the frequency domains, determine the accuracy of analog CAD tools. Conventional circuit simulators such as SPICE provide nonlinear simulation only in the time domain. Analysis outputs are often verified by the frequency-domain nonlinear harmonic balance (HB) techniques. However, inconsistency between the individually developed tools would easily invalidate this simulation/verification process. In addition, the HB algorithms also suffer from many convergence problems which exclude HB from general applications. The authors present a compiler-based design framework in association with the improved HB algorithms to provide consistent nonlinear simulations. Simulation algorithms are formulated directly on unified modeling primitives which are then used to construct device models. Application examples and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fractal Image Compression - An Introductory Overview (1997)

Fractal image compression is a new technique for encoding images compactly. It builds on local self-similarities within images. Image blocks are seen as rescaled and intensity transformed approximate copies of blocks found elsewhere in the image. This yields a self-referential description of image data, which --- when decoded --- shows a typical fractal structure. This paper provides an elementary introduction to this compression technique. We have chosen the similarity to a particular variant of vector quantization as the most direct approach to fractal image compression. We discuss the hierarchical quadtree scheme and vital complexity reduction methods. Furthermore, we survey some of the advanced concepts such as fast decoding, hybrid methods, and adaptive partitionings. We conclude with a list of relevant WEB resources including complete public domain C implementations of the method and a comprehensive list of up-to-date references.
Peptone-yeast autolysate-fetal bovine serum 10, a simple, inexpensive liquid medium for cultivation of Leishmania spp (1982)

A simple liquid medium for the cultivation of Leishmania parasites is described. Leishmania brasiliensis and Leishmania peruviana cultured in this medium reached cell densities greater than 10(7) promastigotes per ml within 7 days. This medium compares very favorably with the more complex media used to cultivate Leishmania spp. and other hemoflagellates.
Nickel base alloys and newer 6Mo stainless steels meet corrosion challenges of the modern day chemical process industries (2001)

The first major nickel alloy introduced to the industry, about 100 years ago, was a Ni‐Cu alloy 400. This alloy is still widely used in a variety of industries and will continue to be used in this current century. Over the past 100 years, especially in the last 50 years, improvements in alloy metallurgy, melting technology, and thermo‐mechanical processing, along with a better fundamental understanding of the role of various alloying elements has led to new nickel alloys. These have not only extended the range of usefulness of existing alloys by overcoming their limitations, but are reliable and cost‐effective and have opened new areas of applications. This paper briefly describes the various nickel alloy systems developed during the last 100 years and comments on what the future holds for the newer alloys developed in the last 20 years and on the competition faced by these alloys in the new millennium. High‐temperature alloys are not discussed in this paper.
The benefit of coupling geophysical inversion problems with fluid flow simulation (2000)

This paper describes a reservoir monitoring interpretation method that combines time-lapse downhole DC electrical measurements and multiphase fluid flow simulation to infer both the electrical (resistivity) and fluid flow (relative permeability) properties of the medium. The two types of earth properties are linked through petrophysical laws. We use a Bayesian inference approach, where the knowledge of the parameters of interest is quantified through probability density functions. The solution is given by the posterior probability density of parameters related to the relative permeability of each fluid phase
Effects of Different pH-Values on the Nanomechanical Surface Properties of PEEK and CFR-PEEK Compared to Dental Resin-Based Materials (2015)

The study determines the stability and durability of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and a carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) with 30% short carbon fibers, a dental composite based on Bis-GMA and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) under the influence of different pH-values of the oral environment <i>in vitro</i>. Nanomechanical properties were investigated by nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests before and after incubation of the specimens at 37 °C for 30 days in artificial saliva with pH-values of 3, 7 and 10, respectively. Nanoindentation and nanoscratching tests were performed using the Hysitron TI950 TriboIndenter to evaluate the reduced elastic moduli, nanohardness, viscoelasticity, friction coefficient and residual scratch profiles. After treatment, the nanomechanical properties of unfilled PEEK did not change. The reduced elastic moduli and nanohardness of the carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK increased significantly. The reduced elastic moduli and nanohardness of CHARISMA decreased. The plasticity of all materials except that of the unfilled PEEK increased. This indicates that different pH-values of the artificial saliva solutions had no obvious influences on the nanomechanical properties of the PEEK matrix. Therefore, the aging resistance of the unfilled PEEK was higher than those of other materials. It can be deduced that the PEEK matrix without filler was more stable than with filler in the nanoscale.
A Review of Phosphorus Removal Technologies and Their Applicability to Small-Scale Domestic Wastewater Treatment Systems (2018)

The removal of phosphorus (P) from domestic wastewater is primarily to reduce the potential for eutrophication in receiving waters, and is mandated and common in many countries. However, most P-removal technologies have been developed for use at larger wastewater treatment plants that have economies-of-scale, rigorous monitoring, and in-house operating expertise. Smaller treatment plants often do not have these luxuries, which is problematic because there is concern that P releases from small treatment systems may have greater environmental impact than previously believed. Here P-removal technologies are reviewed with the goal of determining which treatment options are amenable to small-scale applications. Significant progress has been made in developing some technologies for small-scale application, namely sorptive media. However, as this review shows, there is a shortage of treatment technologies for P-removal at smaller scales, particularly sustainable and reliable options that demand minimal operating and maintenance expertise or are suited to northern latitudes. In view of emerging regulatory pressure, investment should be made in developing new or adapting existing P-removal technologies, specifically for implementation at small-scale treatment works.
Interaction between pyridine nucleotide coenzymes and heme proteins as a possible source of error in assay of activities of coenzyme-linked enzyme. (1989)

The ultraviolet absorbance spectra of pyridine nucleotide coenzymes change in the presence of heme-containing proteins. The positions of each of the two main absorbance peaks of NADH are shifted progressively towards shorter wavelengths in the presence of increasing concentrations of hemoglobin, and the third peak, at 220 nm, disappears altogether. Similar changes are seen in the spectra of NAD+ and NADPH, and similar effects on these spectra are produced by myoglobin and cytochrome c, but not by comparable concentrations of albumin. The spectral shifts are generally accompanied by a decreased peak height. This finding may help explain problems reported by previous workers in the measurement of the activity of enzymes such as transketolase or lactate dehydrogenase in erythrocyte hemolysates. Errors may be considerable if allowance is not made for this effect, especially if the concentration of heme protein in the spectrophotometer cuvette much exceeds 1 g/L. The interaction appears to indicate some form of bonding, occurring generally between pyridine nucleotide coenzymes and the heme group in proteins. We relate the findings to measurement of activities of pyridine nucleotide-linked enzymes in erythrocyte lysates and in plasma containing myoglobin after muscle breakdown.
Pad per day usage, urinary incontinence and urinary tract infections in nursing home residents (2010)

the use of absorbent pads is associated with an increased risk of developing UTIs. PPD and daily fluid intake are not correlated with the risk of developing UTIs. PPD is an unreliable measure of urinary incontinence in nursing home residents.
X‐Ray Techniques: Overview (2000)

Abstract The use of X‐ray methods in the field of materials analysis is now entering its seventh decade. While the broad definition of X‐ray methods covers many techniques based on the scatter, emission and absorption properties of X‐radiation, the two most common are X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and X‐ray powder diffractometry (XRD). When a sample of material is bombarded with energetic radiation (X‐rays, γ‐rays, electrons, protons, etc.) vacancies may arise from the removal of inner orbital electrons. One of the processes by which the atom regains stability is by transference of electrons from outer to inner electron shells. Each of these transitions is accompanied by the emission of an X‐ray photon having an energy equal to the energy difference between the two states. The X‐ray emission wavelengths are characteristic of the atom in question and there is a simple relationship (Moseley's law) between the wavelength of the emission line and the atomic number of the atom. Thus when a sample is made up of many different types of atoms, each atom will produce a series of wavelengths, and all of the contributions add up to become the total X‐ray emission from the sample. XRF is a technique which utilizes the diffracting power of a single crystal, or the proportional characteristics of a photon detector, to separate the polychromatic beam of radiation from the sample into separate wavelengths, thus allowing qualitative and quantitative elemental measurements to be made. A beam of monochromatic radiation may also be scattered when X‐ray photons collide with atomic electrons. Where the scattered wavelengths interfere with one another diffraction of X‐rays occurs. All substances are built up of individual atoms and nearly all substances have some degree of order of periodicity in the arrangement of these atoms. It is the scattering from these periodic arrays that leads to the diffraction effect, and there is a simple relationship (Bragg's law) between the scattering angle, the wavelength of the radiation and the spacings between the planes of atoms. Since the distances between the atomic planes are dependent on the size and distribution of atoms – i.e. the structure of the material, XRD can be used for qualitative and quantitative phase identification.
Effects of synergistic cytokine combinations, low oxygen, and irradiated stroma on the expansion of human cord blood progenitors (1992)

Expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the mononuclear cell (MNC) fraction of human cord blood was evaluated under atmospheres containing reduced (5%) and normal (20%) oxygen tensions. Cells were cultured with synergistic cytokine combinations in suspension (without stroma) and on irradiated bone marrow stroma. Addition of interleukin (IL)-3 and IL-6 (IL-3/IL-6) provided a greater expansion of both total and progenitor cells than IL-1 and IL-3 (IL-1/IL-3). IL-3/IL-6 maintained a higher level of progenitors throughout the 8-week culture period, whereas progenitors disappeared earlier from cultures with IL-1/IL-3. This indicates that an earlier cell type was affected by IL-3/IL-6, and/or that IL-3/IL-6 favored self-renewal while IL-1/IL-3 induced differentiation. Reduced oxygen tension enhanced the productivity of these long-term hematopoietic cultures (LTHC) under all conditions tested. In suspension cultures, reduced oxygen increased cumulative total cell production by 125% and 167%, and cumulative progenitor production by 68% and 21%, with IL-1/IL-3 and IL-3/IL-6, respectively. The presence of irradiated stroma increased cumulative progenitor cell production almost threefold in cultures without cytokines. In cultures with cytokines, the beneficial effect of stroma was less significant, but was greater under 20% O2 than 5% O2. Cultures under 5% O2 provided more progenitors and often maintained progenitors for 1 to 2 weeks longer than those under 20% O2. To quantitate more precisely the shift in cell populations induced by IL-3/IL-6 and stroma in cultures under 5% O2, flow cytometry analysis was used. By week 3, the addition of IL-3/IL-6 stimulated a 15-fold and 25-fold expansion of promyelocytes (CD15+CD11b-) in suspension and stromal cultures, respectively. Addition of IL-3/IL-6 also increased mature granulocyte (CD15hiCD11b+) and monocyte (CD15loCD11b+) numbers, while no effect was seen on T-(CD3+) or B- (CD19+) lymphocytes. Endogenous production of IL-6 was significantly higher under 5% O2 in both suspension and stromal cultures, and IL-6 production was increased threefold by the addition of IL-1/IL-3. Very little IL-1 beta was produced in these cultures, and endogenous IL-3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were undetectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis.
Pheromones of the Honeybee: Chemical Studies of the Mandibular Gland Secretion of the Queen (1964)

SUMMARYPhysical and chemical investigations of extracts of the heads of queen honeybees have been made with the object of identifying the components of the mandibular gland contents. By gas-liquid chromatographic examination the following have been identified: methyl 9-oxodecanoate, methyl 9-oxodec-2- enoate, methyl 9-hydroxydecanoate, methyl 9-hydroxydec-2-enoate, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, nonoic acid, decanoic acid, dec-2-enoic acid, 9-oxodecanoic acid, 9-hydroxydecanoic acid, 9-oxodec-2-enoic acid, 9-hydroxydec-2-enoic acid, lO-hydroxydec-2-enoic acid and p-methoxybenzoic acid. The chromatographic traces also indicate the presence of an additional substance in the neutral fraction and seventeen as yet unidentified substances in the acid fraction.
The Impact of Living-Related Kidney Transplantation on the Donor’s Life (2006)

Seen from the donor's perspective, LDKT is a relatively safe procedure. However, increased rates of donors with mental distress and intra-familial conflicts emphasize the need for a careful selection process. Regular postdonation psychosocial screening and provision of specific interventions to those in need are recommended. Donors should not suffer from financial and occupational disadvantages resulting from donation.
A 2mm<sup>2</sup> 0.1-to-5GHz SDR receiver in 45nm digital CMOS (2009)

The requirements of next-generation wireless terminals are driving RFIC design toward ubiquitous multistandard connectivity at reduced power consumption and cost. While the use of scaled CMOS technology is required to allow economically feasible single-chip integration with a digital processor a software-defined radio (SDR) is the preferred approach to provide a reconfigurable platform, that covers a broad range of noise/linearity specifications while offering the best power/performance trade-off. A 0.1-to-5GHz SDR receiver, including LO generation, has been developed in a 45nm CMOS technology. To be competitive with dedicated single-mode radios, this SDR combines the most demanding requirements such as high sensitivities for cellular standards, low phase noise, and high linearity for the inter-modulation test in DVB-H mode. The presented prototype achieves all these targets by exploiting the speed capabilities of the scaled digital technology while minimizing the total area occupied by passive devices.
Mixtures of paper mill sludge, wood chips, bark, and peat in substrates for pot-in-pot shade tree production (2000)

There is little scientific information on substrates for pot-in-pot shade tree production. The objective of this research was to examine various organic-waste-derived substrates for growing shade trees in pot-in-pot systems. Seedling whips of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.), Japanese birch [Betula platyphylla var. japonica (Miq.) Hara], and silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) were grown for two seasons in 76-L containers. The containers were trickle irrigated and fertilized with controlled-release fertilizers. Treatments included a control nursery mix (50% by volume of pine bark:15% compost:35% topsoil) and nine other mixes classified into three groups: Group I (25, 50 or 75% bark mixed with 50, 25, or 0% wood chips, and 25% paper mill sludge); Group II (25, 50 or 75% bark; 50, 25 or 0% wood chips; and 25% peat); and Group III (25, 50 or 75% peat; 50, 25 or 0% wood chips; and 25% paper mill sludge). In both years, trunk diameters of the three species were greatest with Group III substrates, intermediate with Group II, and least with Group I. Trunk growth was positively correlated with water retention porosity, which ranged from 42 to 57%, 38 to 42%, and 20 to 27% for Groups III, II, and I, respectively. Trunk diameters of Group II and III trees were equal to, or slightly exceeded (10–12%), those of the nursery mix. The nursery mix had a water retention porosity of 49% and generally the highest content of soluble salts. The high-peat (50 and 75%) substrates marginally but consistently produced trees with the largest trunk diameters, although with birch (not the other species) shorter trees resulted as the peat content increased. Key words: In-ground containers, nursery, ornamentals, waste utilization, container culture
Calixarene-bound dendritic macromolecules (1996)

G. Ferguson, J. F. Gallagher, M. A. McKervey and E. Madigan, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1996, 599 DOI: 10.1039/P19960000599
Hydrogen storage in nanotubes & nanostructures (2011)

Over the last several years, a significant share of the scientific community has focused its attention on the hydrogen storage problem. Since 1997, when carbon nanotubes appeared to be a promising storage material, many theoretical and experimental groups have investigated the hydrogen storage capacity of these carbon nanostructures. These efforts were not always successful and consequently, the results obtained were often controversial. In the current review we attempt to summarize some the highlights of the work on hydrogen storage in various types of nanotube and nanostructure, in a critical way. The nature of the interaction between hydrogen and the host nanomaterials, as revealed through theoretical modeling, helps us understand the basic mechanisms of hydrogen storage. Analysis of the results reveals why high hydrogen storage capacity at ambient conditions, which meets the DOE targets, cannot occur in bare carbon nanotubes. Through our analysis we also propose guidelines to enhance the hydrogen storage capacity of already synthesized materials and recommend advanced materials for this application.
Inductance Measurement Using an LCR Meter and a Current Transformer Interface (2006)

This paper describes a new inductance measurement system based on a commercially available LCR meter, a commercially available audio frequency capacitance bridge, 4 terminal-pair (4TP) capacitance and resistance standards, and a multi-stage, programmable-ratio, current transformer. The described measurement system synthesizes equivalent inductance values using the current transformer to combine the applied currents through programmable resistance and capacitance standards. The system takes advantage of the inherent measurement linearity of the LCR meter, and achieves acceptable inductance measurement uncertainty over the 50 Hz to 20 kHz frequency range
Genetic factors influence cataract formation in α3 connexin knockout mice (1999)

Connexin α3 (Cx46 or Gja3) gene targeted null mice developed lens nuclear cataracts shortly after birth. A large variance in the cataracts was observed in α3 null sibs on a mixed 129SvJae × C57BL/6J F3 background. This suggested that the genetic background might influence the cataract phenotype. Therefore, we placed the α3 null mutation into a 129SvJae background, and also backcrossed the mutation for six generations into 129SvJ and C57BL/6J backgrounds. While α3 nulls on the two 129 backgrounds contained severe cataracts associated with γ crystallin cleavage, α3 nulls on the C57B16 background had far milder cataracts with no detectable γ crystallin cleavage. These findings suggest that a genetic modifier exists that influences γ crystallin stability, and that γ crystallin breakdown is associated with severe nuclear cataracts. Dev. Genet. 24:27–32, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TOF-SIMS with Argon Gas Cluster Ion Beams: A Comparison with C<sub>60</sub><sup>+</sup> (2011)

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is an established technique for the characterization of solid sample surfaces. The introduction of polyatomic ion beams, such as C(60), has provided the associated ability to perform molecular depth-profiling and 3D molecular imaging. However, not all samples perform equally under C(60) bombardment, and it is probably naïve to think that there will be an ion beam that will be applicable in all situations. It is therefore important to explore the potential of other candidates. A systematic study of the suitability of argon gas cluster ion beams (Ar-GCIBs) of general composition Ar(n)(+), where n = 60-3000, as primary particles in TOF-SIMS analysis has been performed. We have assessed the potential of the Ar-GCIBs for molecular depth-profiling in terms of damage accumulation and sputter rate and also as analysis beams where spectral quality and secondary ion yields are considered. We present results with direct comparison with C(60) ions on the same sample in the same instrument on polymer, polymer additive, and biomolecular samples, including lipids and small peptides. Large argon clusters show reduced damage accumulation compared with C(60) with an approximately constant sputter rate as a function of Ar cluster size. Further, on some samples, large argon clusters produce changes in the mass spectra indicative of a more gentle ejection mechanism. However, there also appears to be a reduction in the ionization of secondary species as the size of the Ar cluster increases.