gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interferon Induction in Cynomolgus and Rhesus Monkeys After Repeated Doses of a Modified Polyriboinosinic-Polyribocytidylic Acid Complex (1977)

Serum interferon activity was determined in 12 cynomolgus and 12 rhesus monkeys injected intravenously once daily for 10 days with from 0.1 to 6.0 mg of a stabilized polyriboinosinic acid . polyribocytidylic acid complex per kg, composed of polyriboinosinic acid . polyribocytidylic acid, poly-1-lysine, and carboxymethylcellulose [poly(ICLC)]. Interferon activity was detected 2 h after the first injection, with maximum activity occurring 8 h after the second injection. A period of hyporesponsiveness occurred after the third injection of poly(ICLC) in all monkeys and lasted until the sixth injection in the rhesus monkeys, when interferon activity again became more elevated. The delayed rebound was not as apparent in cynomolgus monkeys. Rhesus monkeys injected with 6 mg/kg did not exhibit serious side effects.
Antifreeze proteins from snow mold fungi (2003)

The psychrophilic fungi Coprinus psychromorbidus and Typhula ishikariensis produced unique antifreeze proteins (AFPs) in the extracellular space. Molecular masses of purified fungal AFPs of C. psychromorbidus and T. ishikariensis were approximately 22 and 23 kDa, respectively. Cloned genes of AFPs from T. ishikariensis do not have any similarity with known proteins. Purified fungal AFPs from cultural filtrate of T. ishikariensis and recombinant fungal AFP from methylotrophic yeast formed specific ice crystals resembling "Stone Age knives". These observations indicate that fungal AFPs do not form proper hexagonal ice crystals to inhibit their growth and that fungal AFPs can probably bind to surfaces of ice crystals in an irregular manner.Key words: antifreeze protein, snow mold fungi, Coprinus psychromorbidus, Typhula ishikariensis.
Pain in the Nursing Home (1990)

Pain is an understudied problem in geriatric medicine and especially among nursing home residents. The focus of this study was to describe the scope of the problem of pain in a long-term care facility. Ninety-seven subjects from a 311-bed multilevel teaching nursing home were interviewed, and charts were reviewed for pain problems and management strategies. Functional status, depression, and cognitive impairment were also evaluated. Results indicate that 71% of residents had at least one pain complaint (range, 1-4). Of subjects with pain, 34% described constant (continuous) pain and 66% described intermittent pain. Of 43 subjects with intermittent pain, 51% described pain on a daily basis. Major sources of pain included low back pain (40%), arthritis of appendicular joints (24%), previous fracture sites (14%), and neuropathies (11%). Moderately strong correlations were found between pain and infrequent attendance at recreational and social activities (r = .50). However, little correlation was observed between pain and the Yesavage Depression Scale, the Folstein Mini-Mental State Scale, or basic ADLs measured by the Katz Scale. Pain-management strategies consisted of analgesic drugs, physical therapy, and heating pads. Only 15% of patients with pain had received medication within the previous 24 hours. The findings suggest that pain is a major problem in long-term care. Strategies for pain management appear to be limited in scope and application in this setting. Important barriers were identified that influence the reporting and management of pain in this setting.
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ( <i>mar</i> ) Locus in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium DT104 (2001)

In order to understand the role of the mar locus in Salmonella with regard to multiple antibiotic resistance, cyclohexane resistance, and outer membrane protein F (OmpF) regulation, a marA::gfp reporter mutant was constructed in an antibiotic-sensitive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 background. Salicylate induced marA, whereas a number of antibiotics, disinfectants, and various growth conditions did not. Increased antibiotic resistance was observed upon salicylate induction, although this was shown to be by both mar-dependent and mar-independent pathways. Cyclohexane resistance, however, was induced by salicylate by a mar-dependent pathway. Complementation studies with a plasmid that constitutively expressed marA confirmed the involvement of mar in Salmonella with low-level antibiotic resistance and cyclohexane resistance, although the involvement of mar in down regulation of OmpF was unclear. However, marA overexpression did increase the expression of a ca. 50-kDa protein, but its identity remains to be elucidated. Passage of the marA::gfp reporter mutant with increasing levels of tetracycline, a method reported to select for mar mutants in Escherichia coli, led to both multiple-antibiotic and cyclohexane resistance. Collectively, these data indicate that low-level antibiotic resistance, cyclohexane resistance, and modulation of OMPs in Salmonella, as in E. coli, can occur in both a mar-dependent and mar-independent manner.
Experimental results and simulation analysis of 250 V super trench power MOSFET (STM) (2002)

We propose a new structure of power MOSFET, i.e. Super Trench power MOSFET (STM). Instead of a conventional n-drift layer, STM has vertical P and N layers formed within mesa regions between adjacent trenches filled with insulator. The P and N stripe structure relaxes the electric field in off-state and makes possible a lower specific on-resistance (Ron, sp) than that of the conventional MOSFET. We fabricated a 250 V STM for the first time with only one additional mask over the conventional DMOS process, and the measured data show high breakdown voltage with highly doped n drift layer. The device simulation results show it should be possible to lower the Ron, sp to 5 m/spl Omega/cm/sup 2/ for a breakdown voltage of 300 V.
Cognition and Function in Alzheimer’s Disease: Identifying the Transitions from Moderate to Severe Disease (2010)

This post hoc exploratory analysis suggests that a transition point between moderate and severe AD exists at a SIB score of approximately 70 and is associated with predictably declining bADLs.
A Leavening Strategy to Prepare Reduced Graphene Oxide Foams (2012)

Making graphene “bread”: A leavening strategy – involving hydrazine vapor – is used to prepare reduced graphene oxide (rGO) foams with porous and continuously cross-linked structures from freestanding compact GO layered films. Such rGO foams perform excellently as flexible electrode materials for supercapacitors and selective organic absorbents. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Solution Structure of a 2:1 C2-(2-Naphthyl) Pyrrolo[2,1-<i>c</i>][1,4]benzodiazepine DNA Adduct: Molecular Basis for Unexpectedly High DNA Helix Stabilization (2008)

The naturally occurring pyrrolo[2,1- c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) monomers such as sibiromycin, anthramycin, and tomaymycin form stable covalent adducts with duplex DNA at purine-guanine-purine sites. A correlative relationship between DNA-binding affinity, as measured by enhanced thermal denaturation temperature of calf thymus DNA ( T m), and cytotoxicity is well documented for these naturally occurring compounds and a range of synthetic analogues with sibiromycin having the highest Delta T m value (16.3 degrees C), reflecting favorable hydrogen-bonding interactions between the molecule and DNA bases. We report here that, surprisingly, the structurally simple synthetic C2-(2-naphthyl)-substituted pyrrolo[2,1- c][1,4]benzodiazepine monomer ( 5) has a Delta T m value (15.8 degrees C) similar to that of sibiromycin and significantly higher than the values for either anthramycin (13.0 degrees C) or tomaymycin (2.6 degrees C). 5 also has similar cytotoxic potency to sibiromycin which is widely regarded as the most potent naturally occurring PBD monomer. To investigate this, we have used NMR in conjunction with molecular dynamics to study the 2:1 adduct formed between 5 and the DNA duplex d(AATCTTTAAAGATT) 2. In contrast to the hydrogen-bonding interactions which predominate in the case of sibiromycin and anthramycin adducts, we have shown that the high binding affinity of 5 is due predominantly to hydrophobic (van der Waals) interactions. The high-resolution 2D NOESY, TOCSY, and COSY data obtained have also allowed unequivocal determination of the orientation of the PBD molecule (A-ring toward 3'-end of covalently bound strand), the stereochemistry at the C11 position of the PBD (C11 S), and the conformation of the C2-naphthyl ring which extends along the floor of the minor groove thus optimizing hydrophobic interactions with DNA. These results provide opportunities for future drug design in terms of extending planar hydrophobic groups at the C2 position of PBDs to maximize binding affinity.
IMPROVED REAL-TIME SCAN MATCHING USING CORNER FEATURES (2016)

Abstract. The automation of unmanned vehicle operation has gained a lot of research attention, in the last few years, because of its numerous applications. The vehicle localization is more challenging in indoor environments where absolute positioning measurements (e.g. GPS) are typically unavailable. Laser range finders are among the most widely used sensors that help the unmanned vehicles to localize themselves in indoor environments. Typically, automatic real-time matching of the successive scans is performed either explicitly or implicitly by any localization approach that utilizes laser range finders. Many accustomed approaches such as Iterative Closest Point (ICP), Iterative Matching Range Point (IMRP), Iterative Dual Correspondence (IDC), and Polar Scan Matching (PSM) handles the scan matching problem in an iterative fashion which significantly affects the time consumption. Furthermore, the solution convergence is not guaranteed especially in cases of sharp maneuvers or fast movement. This paper proposes an automated real-time scan matching algorithm where the matching process is initialized using the detected corners. This initialization step aims to increase the convergence probability and to limit the number of iterations needed to reach convergence. The corner detection is preceded by line extraction from the laser scans. To evaluate the probability of line availability in indoor environments, various data sets, offered by different research groups, have been tested and the mean numbers of extracted lines per scan for these data sets are ranging from 4.10 to 8.86 lines of more than 7 points. The set of all intersections between extracted lines are detected as corners regardless of the physical intersection of these line segments in the scan. To account for the uncertainties of the detected corners, the covariance of the corners is estimated using the extracted lines variances. The detected corners are used to estimate the transformation parameters between the successive scan using least squares. These estimated transformation parameters are used to calculate an adjusted initialization for scan matching process. The presented method can be employed solely to match the successive scans and also can be used to aid other accustomed iterative methods to achieve more effective and faster converge. The performance and time consumption of the proposed approach is compared with ICP algorithm alone without initialization in different scenarios such as static period, fast straight movement, and sharp manoeuvers.
Optimization of Matrix Acidizing With Fluids Diversion in Real-Time Using Distributed Temperature Sensing and Coiled Tubing (2015)

Abstract Carbonate formations in southern Mexico are commonly stimulated using matrix acidizing treatments to increase well productivity by removing near-wellbore (NWB) damage. Such damage can be attributed to accumulation of paraffin and asphaltene deposits during the productive life of the well and, in other scenarios, to fluid invasion while performing workover activities. A high perforation length across the reservoir to increase production from this highly natural-fractured carbonate has been the completion option for several years. The use of diverters is a common practice in the Bellota-Jujo field when multiple intervals are open. However, the effectiveness of the diversion had not been evaluated in real-time. A distributed temperature sensing (DTS) option was deployed to measure temperature profiles along coiled tubing (CT) equipped with an internal fiber-optic cable and a modular bottomhole assembly (BHA) consisting of pressure, temperature, and depth correlation sensors. This option was selected to monitor the treatment and help make real-time decisions. This real-time fiber-optic (RTFO) integrated system used during the stimulation allowed identification of zones with higher and lower admission. Based on this information, decisions were made during the pumping schedule, modifying volumes and rates of diverting agents and stimulation fluids being pumped through the annular space between production tubing and CT, also pumping through CT using a fluidic oscillating tool optimizing the diversion process during different stages of the intervention. This system enabled the operator to correlate depth and continuously monitor the temperature changes across the producing zone of the well. The findings and results of the stimulation treatment with this technique used in the well, Bricol 2DL, are presented in addition to the thermal analysis of the DTS profiles. The use of the RTFO integrated system during a matrix stimulation treatment in a carbonate formation with high permeability contributed to successfully evaluating the effectiveness of the fluids and mechanical diversion resulting in a well productivity increase of 60%, thus keeping the well in production since the treatment was performed.
Las tasas de interes de los microcreditos (1999)

This paper outlines a method for estimating the interest rate that an microfinance institution (MFI) will need to realize on its loans, if it wants to fund its growth primarily with commercial funds at some point in the future. The model presented is simplified. However, it yields an approximation that should be useful for many MFIs, especially younger ones. Each component of the model is explained and then illustrated with the MicroFin (a young institution serving 1,000 active microloan customers) example.
Pharmacoeconomic review of recombinant human DNase in the management of cystic fibrosis (2004)

For the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis, recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I is widely used. Deoxyribonuclease I has a positive effect on lung function and the number of hospitalizations. Deoxyribonuclease I is currently administered by nebulization, which is an inefficient administration method. For expensive drugs, such as deoxyribonuclease I, dry powder inhalation would be advantageous due to increased deposition efficiency, patient mobility and compliance. Furthermore, a significant cost reduction may be obtained. The current status of deoxyribonuclease I in the management of cystic fibrosis was investigated and special attention given to the developments in delivery systems, such as dry powder inhalation. It is estimated that if dry powder inhalation of deoxyribonuclease I could be used, a reduction in the cost-effectiveness ratio of approximately 40% can be obtained as compared with nebulization.
Rapid Production of Graphite Without Contamination for Biomedical AMS (1992)

The application of AMS to the detection of 14 C makes possible a new class of sensitive experiments in molecular biology. Such experiments inherently produce large numbers of samples for the determination of biological variability in molecular interactions. The samples vary in 14 C concentration over many orders of magnitude. We added TiH 2 to aid the reduction of CO 2 by zinc in a sealed tube to reproducibly make graphite without sample cross-contamination. The CO 2 is transferred from a combustion tube to the reaction tube through a disposable plastic manifold. The sealed tubes are heated to a single-reaction temperature in a muffle furnace. The process is complete within 5 h. Bulk isotopic fractionation in the finished graphite is less than 0.5%.
Improved OFDM receiver with iterative channel estimation and turbo decoding (2005)

Error correcting codes have become necessary in wireless digital communications systems. Turbo codes are one of the most powerful types of error control codes currently available [1]. There is a tradeoff in turbo codes between latency and BER which depends on the choice of interleaver size, number of decoding iterations and the algorithm used in the decoding process. In this paper we propose a reduced-complexity OFDM receiver with joint iterative channel estimation and iterative decoding employing turbo coding. Improved performance of this receiver is observed in comparison with others current channel estimation and decoding techniques. 1 1.
Integrin mediation of type II cell adherence to provisional matrix proteins (1996)

Lung injury causes alveolar type I epithelial cell death, basement membrane denudation, and alveolar flooding with serum fibronectin and fibrinogen. For successful restoration of normal architecture, the epithelium must be regenerated from progenitor type II alveolar cells. Using adhesion assays, we examined whether type II alveolar cells adhere to the provisional matrix proteins fibronectin, fibrinogen, and fibrin, and whether integrins mediate this adherence. Rat type II cells adhered to fibronectin, vitronectin, fibrinogen, and fibrin. Synthetic RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) peptide blocked this adhesion. Flow cytometry and Western analysis indicated that type II cells expressed beta 1- and alpha v beta 3-integrins. Anti-beta 1-and anti-alpha v beta 3-integrin antibodies blocked type II cell adhesion to fibronectin and to fibronectin and fibrinogen, respectively. In summary, type II cells adhered to fibronectin, fibrinogen, and fibrin, and adhesion was partially mediated by integrins. This study provides the first evidence of type II cell adhesion to fibrin gels and vitronectin, beta 1- and alpha v beta 3-integrin mediation of type II cell adhesion, and the presence of the alpha v beta 3-integrin on type II epithelial cells.
Antiwear Leveling Design for SSDs With Hybrid ECC Capability (2016)

With the joint considerations of reliability and performance, hybrid error correction code (ECC) becomes an option in the designs of solid-state drives (SSDs). Unfortunately, wear leveling (WL) might result in the early performance degradation to SSDs, which is common with a limited number of P/E cycles, due to the efforts to delay the bit-error-rate growth. In this paper, an anti-WL design is proposed to avoid such a performance problem so that the performance of SSDs with hybrid ECC capability can be improved without sacrificing their reliability. The capability of the proposed design was evaluated by a series of experiments, for which it was shown that the proposed design could greatly improve the read and write performance of SSDs up to 50% without affecting the endurance of the investigated SSDs, compared with traditional approaches.
Induction of G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis by a novel indoloquinoline derivative, IQDMA, in K562 cells (2006)

Abstract The indoloquinoline, IQDMA (N′‐(11H‐indolo[3,2‐c]quinolin‐6‐yl)‐N,N‐dimethylethane‐1,2‐diamine), was identified as a novel antineoplastic agent with broad spectrum of antitumor activities against several human cancer cells. IQDMA‐induced G2/M arrest was accompanied by up‐regulation of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs), p21 and p27, and down‐regulation of Cdk1and Cdk2. IQDMA had no effect on the levels of cyclin A, cyclin B1, cyclin D3, or Cdc25C. IQDMA also increased apoptosis, as characterized by apoptotic body formation, increase of the sub G 1 population and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Further mechanistic analysis demonstrated that IQDMA upregulated FasL protein expression, and kinetic studies showed the sequential activation of caspases‐8, ‐3, and ‐9. Both caspase‐8 and caspase‐3 inhibitors, but not a caspase‐9‐specific inhibitor, suppressed IQDMA‐induced cell death. These molecular alterations provide an insight into IQDMA‐caused growth inhibition, G2/M arrest, and apoptotic death of K562 cells. Drug Dev. Res. 67:743–751, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiosynthesis and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of a F‐18‐labeled pancreatic islet amyloid inhibitor (2010)

Abstract Formation of islet amyloid deposits contributes to the progressive loss of beta‐cells in Type 2 diabetes. Islet amyloid is composed of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). [(N‐Me)G 24 , (N‐Me)I 26 ]hIAPP(22–27) peptide was found to bind human IAPP with high‐affinity and inhibit fibrillogenesis. We labeled [(N‐Me)G 24 , (N‐Me)I 26 ]hIAPP(22–27) with fluorine‐18 using N ‐succinimidyl‐4‐[ 18 F]fluorobenzoate. Results from biodistribution studies in healthy CF‐1 mice at 1 h p.i. indicated that 18 F‐peptide was cleared efficiently (0.04±0.02%ID/g remained in blood). The primary route of clearance from the body appears to be hepatobiliary. Radioactivity accumulation in liver, intestine, and kidney was 6.7±2.9, 60.3±18.5, and 0.2±0.0%ID, respectively. Other organs accumulated negligible radioactivity. As normal mice do not develop pancreatic amyloid deposits, only background radioactivity was seen in pancreas. The radio‐HPLC analysis of mouse urine at 2 h p.i. showed that ∼29.3% of injected 18 F‐peptide excreted intact along with two additional metabolite peaks. Dynamic microPET/CT imaging of a CF‐1 mouse injected with 18 F‐peptide indicated that radiotracer was rapidly taken up by liver and most of it moved into intestine within 10 min. The results provide a useful insight into the biological disposition of [(N‐Me)G 24 , (N‐Me)I 26 ]hIAPP(22–27) that is being developed as a pancreatic amyloid inhibitor. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly concurrent directory management in the Galaxy distributed system (2002)

An efficient method of consistency control of replicated directories is presented. By taking advantage of special characteristics of directories, the method achieves fast access to directories and high concurrency in updating directory replicas. The algorithm differs from conventional mechanisms for concurrency control of replicated data in two aspects: It does not use global locks or global timestamp orderings. Updating operations can proceed without being in synchronization. The algorithm can survive both node failure and network failure. The directory problem, design objectives and related works are described. The system model and consistency control requirements are defined, and the data structures and algorithm are presented. The fault tolerance and recovery mechanism of the approach are discussed, as is the applicability of the algorithm. The approach is evaluated and compared with other works. The detailed algorithm and consistency proof are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>