gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human adenovirus type 9 E4 open reading frame 1 encodes a cytoplasmic transforming protein capable of increasing the oncogenicity of CREF cells (1996)

The induction of estrogen-dependent rat mammary tumors by human adenovirus type 9 (Ad9) requires the Ad9 E4 open reading frame 1 (9ORF1) protein, which alone can transform that rat embryo fibroblast cell line CREF in vitro. In the present study, independent pools of both 9ORF1-expressing and control CREF cells were generated by selection with G418 and compared with respect to transformed properties. Indirect immunofluorescence analyses revealed that more than 99% of the cells that made up the 9ORF1-transfected pools expressed 9ORF1 protein and, together with confocal laser scanning microscopy, indicated that this E4 protein was located predominantly within the cytoplasm of cells. With regard to transformation, cells of the 9ORF1-expressing pools differed from those of control pools by forming foci, displaying morphological alterations, growing more efficiently in soft agar, and reaching higher saturation densities. Following injection into immunocompetent syngeneic rats, the 9ORF1-expressing pool cells exhibited greatly enhanced oncogenicity compared with control pool cells. These results show that 9ORF1 protein (i) localizes predominantly within the cytoplasm, (ii) confers multiple general transformed characteristics to CREF cells in vitro, and (iii) increases the tumorigenic properties of these cells in vivo.
Ein neuer Dünnschichtverdampfer (1955)

Abstract Für hitzeempfindliche Produkte hat sich die Eindampfung und die destillative Trennung in Dünnschicht‐verdampfern als besonders geeignet erwiesen. Es wird ein neu entwickelter Dünnschichtverdampfer beschrieben, bei dem zur Erzeugung und Aufrechterhaltung der dünnen Schicht an einer umlaufenden Welle pendelnd aufgehängte Wischer benutzt werden. An diesem Verdampfer werden die Vorgänge im Film und bei der Verdampfung untersucht und die Wärmedurchgangszahl ermittelt. Der Dünnschicht‐verdampfer hat sich bereits in der Nahrungsmittelindustrie und der chemischen Industrie in den letzten Jahren ein großes Anwendungsgebiet erschlossen.
Learning Optimal and Fair Decision Trees for Non-Discriminative Decision-Making (2019)

In recent years, automated data-driven decision-making systems have enjoyed a tremendous success in a variety of fields (e.g., to make product recommendations, or to guide the production of entertainment). More recently, these algorithms are increasingly being used to assist socially sensitive decisionmaking (e.g., to decide who to admit into a degree program or to prioritize individuals for public housing). Yet, these automated tools may result in discriminative decision-making in the sense that they may treat individuals unfairly or unequally based on membership to a category or a minority, resulting in disparate treatment or disparate impact and violating both moral and ethical standards. This may happen when the training dataset is itself biased (e.g., if individuals belonging to a particular group have historically been discriminated upon). However, it may also happen when the training dataset is unbiased, if the errors made by the system affect individuals belonging to a category or minority differently (e.g., if misclassification rates for Blacks are higher than for Whites). In this paper, we unify the definitions of unfairness across classification and regression. We propose a versatile mixed-integer optimization framework for learning optimal and fair decision trees and variants thereof to prevent disparate treatment and/or disparate impact as appropriate. This translates to a flexible schema for designing fair and interpretable policies suitable for socially sensitive decision-making. We conduct extensive computational studies that show that our framework improves the state-of-the-art in the field (which typically relies on heuristics) to yield non-discriminative decisions at lower cost to overall accuracy.
Test and repair of embedded flash memories (2003)

Summary form only given. Flash and EEPROM memories are now embedded in a large number of specific applications requiring a broad range of memory sizes. If full parallel access is possible the flash memory should be tested as a stand-alone memory. Controllability and observability are optimum, making test and characterization faster and easier. Unfortunately this approach results in an unacceptable pin count for the chip. Using a serial test interface (STI) dramatically reduces the pin count to an acceptable value, making the use of a STI a cost-effective solution for embedded flash testing. For SOCs having a very limited pin count, or high security constraints such as many smart card chips, test of the flash memory should be entirely generated on chip. One effective solution that has been implemented uses a ROM memory to store test patterns that are applied to the memory by the microcontroller. Memory outputs are then compared to expected ones. Regarding repair of embedded flash memories, redundancy should be considered as a way to improve yield. Error correcting codes (ECC) should be considered to improve reliability. This solution will be implemented for applications requiring a high level of programming endurance.
The nutritional and therapeutic value of tea—a review (1975)

Abstract The nutritional significance of tea is confined to certain vitamins and minerals. Tea is able to contribute riboflavin, folic acid, β‐carotene, α‐tocopherol and phylloquinone, and is also one of the more significant sources of fluoride in the UK diet. The pharmacological action of caffeine in tea is so modified, probably by its interaction with polyphenols, that the beneficial properties of the alkaloid may be enjoyed without harmful side effects. Beneficial effects attributed to tea polyphenols acting synergistically with ascorbic acid include the strengthening of capillary blood vessels and an anti‐atherosclerosis action. The potential value of tea has been well recognised in Russia but has received scant attention in the West.
New <i>Listeria monocytogenes prfA</i>* mutants, transcriptional properties of PrfA* proteins and structure–function of the virulence regulator PrfA (2004)

PrfA, a transcription factor structurally related to Crp/Fnr, activates Listeria monocytogenes virulence genes during intracellular infection. We report two new PrfA* mutations causing the constitutive overexpression of the PrfA regulon. Leu-140Phe lies in alphaD adjacent to the DNA-binding motif in the C-terminal domain, like a previously characterized PrfA* mutation (Gly-145Ser). Ile-45Ser, in contrast, maps to the N-terminal beta-roll, a structure similar to that of the Crp cAMP binding site. The in vitro transcriptional properties of recombinant PrfA*(I45S) and PrfA*(G145S) were compared to those of PrfA(WT) at two differentially regulated PrfA-dependent promoters, PplcA and PactA. The two PrfA* mutations increased the affinity for the target DNA to a different extent, and the differences in DNA binding (PrfA*(G145S) > PrfA*(I45S) >>> PrfA(WT)) correlated with proportional differences in transcriptional activity. The use of the PrfA* proteins revealed that PplcA had a greater affinity for, and was more sensitive to, PrfA than PactA. RNA polymerase (RNAP) initiated transcription independently of PrfA at PplcA, but not at PactA, consistent with bandshift experiments suggesting that PplcA has a greater affinity for RNAP than PactA. Thus, differences in affinity for both PrfA and RNAP appear to determine the different expression pattern of PrfA-regulated promoters. Modelling of the PrfA* mutations in the crystal structure of PrfA and comparison with structure-function analyses of Crp, in which similar mutations lead to constitutively active (cAMP-independent) Crp* proteins, suggested that PrfA shares with Crp an analogous mechanism of cofactor-mediated allosteric shift. Our data support a regulatory model in which changes in PrfA-dependent gene expression are primarily accounted for by changes in PrfA activity.
Reflections on the Readings of Sundays and Feast - May - July (2006)

The reflections of the readings of the Sundays and Feast during May 2006 to July 2006 are presented.
Amperometric determination of peroxides by glassy carbon electrodes modified with copper‐phenanthroline complexes (1996)

Abstract An amperometric sensor is described for the determination of peroxides in both aqueous and organic media. It consists of a rotating glassy carbon electrode modified by coating first with a thin film of a perfluorinated anionic exchanger (Tosflex) and then by immobilizing on this substrate the mixed‐ligand copper complex [CuL 2 ] 2+ with 1, 10‐phenanthroline and bathophenanthroline (i.e., 1, 10‐phenanthroline containing two phenyl‐sulfonic groups as substituents in the positions 4 and 7), thanks to the bonds formed between the −NR + 3 cationic groups of the Tosflex coating film and the −SO − 3 anionic groups present in the latter ligand. The modified electrode, which is rather stable with time and can be easily restored, permits detection of peroxides by their reduction at less cathodic potentials than at an unmodified electrode surface. It shows enhanced sensitivity in a variety of media (water, ethanol and ethanol‐toluene 60/40 v./v.) which were investigated in view of their ability, on the whole, to dissolve peroxides originally present in different natural samples. Its satisfactory performance, which is unaffected by the presence of oxygen in the sample, in all the media studied is reported for hydrogen peroxide and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide in terms of detection limits, dynamic ranges and response time. Its application to the direct determination of peroxides in some cereal oils was also attempted and the results found are compared with those obtained by conventional methods.
Probabilistic discrete system models for H (1996)

The modelling and H∞ control of discrete-time systems with uncertain parameters which can be represented probabilistically is considered. The polynomial based model structure is chosen so that high frequency lag terms may be introduced whose parameters have zero expected value. Similarly uncertain zeros may be considered. An H∞ controller can then be obtained which stabilises the nominal plant model and also provides a degree of robustness to uncertain poles and zeros.
A proprietary alpha-amylase inhibitor from white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): A review of clinical studies on weight loss and glycemic control (2011)

Obesity, and resultant health hazards which include diabetes, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, are worldwide medical problems. Control of diet and exercise are cornerstones of the management of excess weight. Foods with a low glycemic index may reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease as well as their complications. As an alternative to a low glycemic index diet, there is a growing body of research into products that slow the absorption of carbohydrates through the inhibition of enzymes responsible for their digestion. These products include alpha-amylase and glucosidase inhibitors. The common white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) produces an alpha-amylase inhibitor, which has been characterized and tested in numerous clinical studies. A specific and proprietary product named Phase 2® Carb Controller (Pharmachem Laboratories, Kearny, NJ) has demonstrated the ability to cause weight loss with doses of 500 to 3000 mg per day, in either a single dose or in divided doses. Clinical studies also show that Phase 2 has the ability to reduce the post-prandial spike in blood glucose levels. Experiments conducted incorporating Phase 2 into food and beverage products have found that it can be integrated into various products without losing activity or altering the appearance, texture or taste of the food. There have been no serious side effects reported following consumption of Phase 2. Gastro-intestinal side effects are rare and diminish upon extended use of the product. In summary, Phase 2 has the potential to induce weight loss and reduce spikes in blood sugar caused by carbohydrates through its alpha-amylase inhibiting activity.
Topping Combustor Development for Second-Generation Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combined Cycles (1994)

A project team consisting of Foster Wheeler Development Corporation, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Gilbert/Commonwealth and the Institute of Gas Technology, are developing a Second Generation Pressurized Fluidized Bed System. Foster Wheeler is developing a carbonizer (a partial gasifier) and a pressurized fluidized bed combustor. Both these units operate a nominal 1600°F (870°C) for optimal sulfur capture. Since this temperature is well below the current combustion turbine combustor outlet operating temperature of 2350°F (1290°C) to reach commercialization, a topping combustor and hot gas cleanup (HGCU) equipment must be developed. Westinghouse is participating in the development of the high temperature gas cleanup equipment and the topping combustor. This paper concentrates on the design and test of the topping combustor. The topping combustor in this cycle must utilize a low heating value syngas from the carbonizer at approximately 1600°F (870°C) and 150 to 210 psi (1.0 to 1.4 MPa). The syngas entering the topping combustor has been previously cleaned of particulates and alkali by the hot gas cleanup (HGCU) system. It also contains significant fuel bound nitrogen present as ammonia and other compounds. The fuel-bound nitrogen is significant because it will selectively convert to NOx if the fuel is burned under the highly oxidizing conditions of standard combustion turbine combustors. The fuel must be burned with the vitiated air from the pressurized fluidized bed combustor (PFBC). Oxidizer has been cleaned of particulates and alkali by HGCU system, and has also been partially depleted in oxygen. The 1600°F (870°C) oxidizer must also be utilized to cool the combustor as much as possible, though a small amount of compressor discharge air at a lower temperature 700°F (about 370°C) may be used. The application requirements indicate that a rich-quench-lean (RQL) combustor is necessary and the multi-annular swirl burner (MASB) was selected for further development. This paper provides an update on the development and testing of this MASB combustor. Additionally, Westinghouse has been conducting computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and chemical kinetic studies to assist in the design of the combustor and to help optimize the operation of the combustor. Results of these models are presented and compared to the test results.
Estimation of optimal green time simulation using fuzzy neural network (1999)

In the past, when there were few vehicles on the road, the TOD (time of day) traffic signal worked very well. The TOD signal operates on a preset signal cycling which cycles on the basis of the average number of average passenger cars in the memory device of an electric signal unit. Today, with increasing traffic and congested roads, the conventional traffic light creates startup-delay time and end lag time so that thirty to forty-five percent efficiency in traffic handling is lost, as well as adding to fuel costs. To solve this problem, the paper proposes a concept of the optimal green time algorithm, which reduces average vehicle waiting time while improving average vehicle speed using fuzzy rules and neural networks. Through computer simulation, this method has been proven to be much more efficient than fixed time interval signals. The fuzzy neural network will consistently improve average waiting time, vehicle speed, and fuel consumption.
Augur: a decentralized, open-source platform for prediction markets. (2015)

Augur is a trustless, decentralized platform for prediction markets. It is an extension of Bitcoin Core's source code which preserves as much of Bitcoin's proven code and security as possible. Each feature required for prediction markets is constructed from Bitcoin's input/output-style transactions.
Ligand-independent activated state of serum albumin for fatty acid binding (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLigand-independent activated state of serum albumin for fatty acid bindingWalter ScheiderCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1980, 84, 8, 925–928Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100445a028https://doi.org/10.1021/j100445a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Tubular Tendon For a Tension Leg Platform:Material Development and Threaded Connection Design. (1985)

ABSTRACT The paper deals with the development of thick walled seamless pipe materials, which fulfill the stringent design requirements for tendons of tension leg platforms. These are high yield strength, adequate fracture toughness properties, satisfactory fatigue values in air and seawater environments and good weldability various laboratory tests performed on test specimens from seamless pipes leading to two different high strength steel grades are described. Further a design proposal for a threaded coupling connection of tension leg tubular string is made. Constructional evaluation is carried out with finite element analysis and cumulative damage calculations on a connection for a tubular string of 20 inch outer diameter and 1 inch wall thickness as an example. INTRODUCTION After the installation of the first tension leg platform (TLP) in the North Sea Hutton Field in July 1984 and the start of the oil production only three weeks later, the planning, design, fabrication and installation of this new type of platforms are no longer to be considered as an excursion into uncharted waters. The advantages of this novel design on the basis of a floating hull moored to a foundation template on sea bed by vertical mooring tethers over conventional fixed platforms in deep water situations (1000 ft and beyond) as well as for use in marginal fields are so apparent, that increasing popularity of TLP may be expected in the next years. The design principle of TLP is mainly based on the support of sustained tensile forces by the tethers due to the excess buoyancy of the hull structure over its weight holding the platform in position above the wells, so that the tendon never slackens (fig. 1). The flexibility of the structure permits sway, surge and yaw in the lateral direction, while the tethers have to withstand fatigue loads as a consequence of vertical movements (heave, pitch and roll). The variation of the forces exerted on the tethers by the action of waves causing cyclic loading is due to the combination of inertia and drag forces on the hull together with the effects of wind and current. The excess buoyancy changes while the platform moves and the water level varies producing a random tensile fatigue loading condition related to the wave spectrum at the site of installation. Further design criteria of TLP involve the retrievability and replaceability of every component from the sea floor templates up the mooring tethers and risers, which can be recovered and reinstalled in a short time, when the platform is towed to a now site after the depletion of an old field and reused there. This capability signifies the economic importance of this platform for marginal field production, as the capital cost can be distributed against a number of projects.
Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase activity enhances the anti‐tumour effects of a <scp>T</scp>oll‐like receptor 7 agonist in an established cancer model (2014)

Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have been shown to have anti-tumour activity in basic research and clinical studies. However, TLR agonist monotherapy does not sufficiently eliminate tumours. Activation of the innate immune response by TLR agonists is effective at driving adaptive immunity via interleukin-12 (IL-12) or IL-1, but is counteracted by the simultaneous induction of immunosuppressive cytokines and other molecules, including IL-10, transforming growth factor-β, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). In the present study, we evaluated the anti-cancer effect of the TLR7 agonist, imiquimod (IMQ), in the absence of IDO activity. The administration of IMQ in IDO knockout (KO) mice inoculated with tumour cells significantly suppressed tumour progression compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice, and improved the survival rate. Moreover, injection with IMQ enhanced the tumour antigen-specific T helper type 1 response in IDO-KO mice with tumours. Combination therapy with IMQ and an IDO inhibitor also significantly inhibited tumour growth. Our results indicated that the enhancement of IDO expression with TLR agonists in cancer treatment might impair host anti-tumour immunity while the inhibition of IDO could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TLR agonists via the increase of T helper type 1 immune response.
A function generator for the solution of engineering design problems (1954)

The solution of nonlinear engineering design problems demonstrates the need for a special function generator. The generator described in this paper satisfies this need. The basic components of the unit are discussed and the forms of functions which can be generated are shown. Accuracy is estimated by comparison of an oscillogram with the calculated curves. It is concluded from tests on the system that the function generator is a valuable aid in the handling of nonlinear design problems.
Intercalate Diffusion in Multiphase Electrode Materials and Application to Lithiated Graphite (2012)

Phase transformations in electrode materials used in lithium batteries can be characterized in a plot of the open-circuit voltage U(x) vs. state of charge x as regions that are almost constant. Some models represent these phase transitions as moving boundary points where jump discontinuities in concentration occur. The question of when it is necessary to include these effects in a transport model is difficult to resolve, because the measured values of U(x) for real materials are never completely flat and always exhibit a small dependence on state of charge. We show that the jump discontinuities arise as a singular limit of a nonlinear diffusion equation when chemical potentials are used as the driving force for transport. The chemical potential can be expressed in terms of U(x), and the discontinuities occur in regions where dU/dx vanishes. Published measurements of lithium diffusion in graphite illustrate these facts. The use of chemical potentials simplifies the tabulation of diffusion coefficients and eliminates the difficult numerical task of solving a moving boundary problem. A Kirchhoff transformation is suggested to solve the resulting near-singular diffusion equation. A previously developed method of measuring diffusion coefficients based on GITT (galvanostatic intermittent titration technique) is proposed for use on such materials.