gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precipitation Strengthening of MgO by MgFe <sub>2</sub> O <sub>4</sub> (1972)

The effects of magnesioferrite precipitates on the mechanical properties of MgO single crystals were determined in samples with Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios of 0.14 to 3.65%. Microhardness, slip‐band length, and 4‐point bending and compression strengths were measured. Maximum strength occurs for very short aging times, e.g. after 7° min at 700°C for samples with 3.65 cation % Fe, the hardness and critical resolved shear strength were 2300 and 35 kg/mm 2 , respectively. On further aging, the strength decreases rapidly at first from the peak value and then decreases slowly. Particles with diameters of ∼40 Å give maximum strength; fracture stresses >100,000 psi were observed. The strengthening is attributed to stacking faults in the particles and particle‐matrix surface area created when dislocations cut particles. The sharp peak in the strength vs aging curve is attributed to the particle‐matrix surface area and the main hardening to stacking faults. The critical resolved shear strength values are related quantitatively to the volume fraction and size of the precipitates in the theoretical treatment presented.
Synthetic Peptide Strategy for the Detection of and Discrimination among Highly Divergent Primate Lentiviruses (2001)

We developed a simple, rapid, inexpensive, and highly sensitive and specific strategy for the detection and lineage differentiation of primate lentiviruses (PIV-ELISA). It is based on the use of two indirect ELISA methods using synthetic peptides mapping the gp41/36 region (detection component) and the V3 region (differentiation component) of four lentivirus lineages, namely SIVcpz/HIV-1 (groups M, O, N, and SIVcpz-gab), SIVmnd, SIVagm, and SIVsm/SIVmac/HIV-2. This strategy was evaluated with panels of sera originating from both humans and nonhuman primates. The human reference panel consisted of 144 HIV Western blot (WB)-positive sera in which the corresponding virus had been genotyped (HIV-1: 72 group M, 28 group O, and 6 group N; HIV-2: 21 subtype A and 10 subtype B; and 7 HIV-1+2) and 105 HIV WB-negative samples. The nonhuman primate reference panel consisted of 24 sera from monkeys infected by viruses belonging to the four lineages included in the PIV-ELISA strategy (5 chimpanzees, 5 macaques, 8 mandrills, and 6 vervets) and 42 samples from seronegative animals. Additional field evaluation panels consisted of 815 human sera from Gabon, Cameroon, and France and 537 samples from 25 nonhuman primate species. All the samples from the two reference panels were correctly detected and discriminated by PIV-ELISA. In the human field evaluation panel, the gp41/36 component correctly identified all the test samples, with 98% specificity. The V3 component discriminated 206 HIV-1 group M, 98 group O, 12 group M+O, and 128 HIV-2 sera. In the primate field evaluation panel, both gp41/36 and V3 detected and discriminated all the WB-positive samples originating from monkeys infected with SIVcpz, SIVagm-ver, SIVmnd-1, SIVmnd-2, SIVdrl, or SIVsun. These results were confirmed by genotyping in every case. Four SIV-infected red-capped mangabeys (confirmed by PCR) were correctly identified by gp41/36, but only two reacted with the V3 peptides in the absence of a specific SIVrcm V3 peptide. Addition of a V3 SIVrcm peptide discriminated all the SIVrcm-positive samples. Fourteen Papio papio samples were positive for SIVsm gp 36 and by WB, but negative by PCR, whereas three Papio cynocephalus samples were positive by gp41/36 but indeterminate by WB and negative by PCR. This combined ELISA system is thus highly sensitive and specific for antibodies directed against HIV and SIV. In addition, the V3-based serotyping results always agreed with genotyping results. This method should prove useful for studies of lentivirus prevalence and diversity in human and nonhuman primates, and may also have the potential to detect previously undescribed SIVs.
Calculations of electorn inelastic mean free paths. II. Data for 27 elements over the 50–2000 eV range (1991)

Abstract We report calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) for 50–2000 eV electrons in a group of 27 elements (C, Mg, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au and Bi). This work extends our previous calculations ( Surf. Interface Anal. 11, 57 (1988)) for the 200–2000 eV range. Substantial variations were found in the shapes of the IMFP versus energy curves from element to element over the 50–2000 eV range and we attribute these variations to the different inelastic scattering properties of each material. Our calculated IMFPs wee fitted to a modified form of the Bethe equation for inelastic electron scattering in matter; this equation has four parameters. These four parameters could be empirically related to several material parameters for our group of elements (atomic weight, bulk density and number of valence electron per atom). IMFPs and those initially calculated was 13%. The modified Bethe equation and our expressions for the four parameters can therefore be used to estimate IMFPs in other materials. The uncertainties in the algorithm used for our IMFP calculation are difficult to estimate but are believed to be largely systematic. Since the same algorithm has been used for calculating IMFPs, our predictive IMFP formula is considered to be particularly useful for predicting the IMFP dependence on energy in the 50–2000 eV range and the material dependence for a given energy.
A Parallel-Coupled Microstrip Bandpass Filter With Suppression of Both the 2nd and the 3rd Harmonic Responses (2006)

This paper presents a parallel-coupled microstrip bandpass filter with simultaneous suppression of both the 2nd and the 3rd harmonic passband responses. Half-wave open-ended resonators are used to provide transmission zeros for the 2nd and the 3rd harmonics so that the spurious passbands at the 2nd and the 3rd harmonic frequencies are reduced. In addition to placing the resonators, the filter is bent twice by 90 degrees to achieve more compact size and higher suppression of the 3rd harmonic passband. This method can be applied to the conventional parallel-coupled microstrip bandpass filter without any significant change of the conventional filter design
Adaptive Segmentation of Vessels from Coronary Angiograms Using Multi-scale Filtering (2013)

In this paper, we propose a novel automatic and effective method for the vessel segmentation based on Hessian matrix. First, to obtain vessel structure more reliably, we select 25 frames of well-contrast angiograms automatically for further vessel segmentation. Second, we define an adaptive feature transform function using the gray value and the scale to improve the feature response. First, we enhance the original image contrast by reducing the gray level of vessels, and then adjust the eigenvalues by taking the enhanced gray level as a rectification factor to better differentiate between the vessel points and the background ones. We also use the scale as a weighting factor. In the way, vessel and background can result in different feature responses. Next, Hessian with Gaussian derivatives at multi-scales was computed due to different vessel widths, and the maximum response is selected as the vessel candidate. Finally, we use a connected components labeling method to detect the largest connected component as our segmentation result. In our experiments, 14 angiogram sequences are used to evaluate the accuracy. The accuracy of well-contrasted angiograms is 95.66%. For the result of segmentation, 40 angiograms are used to compare with other methods. After inspecting by a cardiologist, the experimental results show that our method works well for the enhancement and segmentation of vessels.
ChemInform Abstract: Endothelium‐Derived Relaxing Factor: Discovery, Early Studies, and Identification as Nitric Oxide (Nobel Lecture) (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Absolute detection efficiency of space-based ion mass spectrometers and neutral atom imagers (2005)

Space-based ion mass spectrometers and neutral atom imagers often utilize a thin foil for generation of secondary electrons and employ a coincidence measurement between detection of the secondary electrons and detection of the primary ion or neutral atom, allowing unambiguous detection of the particle in a large noise background and determination of properties of the particle using time-of-flight measurement. We demonstrate a simple and straightforward method for laboratory calibration and in situ quantification and monitoring of the absolute detection probabilities of the detectors and the absolute detection efficiency of the detector subsystem without knowledge of the incident particle flux.
Analogue computer synthesis and error matrices (1956)

An evaluation of the actual solutions exhibited by an electronic analogue computer, and thus a measure of its accuracy and stability, requires the analysis of a physical system represented by a linear differential equation system of higher order than that of the mathematical problem being solved. To this situation the powerful and systematic methods of matrix analysis are applied, yielding expressions from which the degree of accuracy which may be attained in computer solutions may be determined and, in particular, evaluating the all-important problems of stability of the electronic networks.
Multiple-Drop Study of Topically Applied 1%  9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Human Eyes (1983)

Twenty-eight male volunteers were given either 1% delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) or vehicle alone (light mineral oil). They used the medication four times per day for one week. Five volunteers, four of which used vehicle alone, discontinued the study because of burning sensation and lid swelling. In the 23 volunteers who completed the study, there was no difference in intraocular pressure between eyes treated with 1% delta 9-THC and controls.
Combined CD28 and 4-1BB Costimulation Potentiates Affinity-tuned Chimeric Antigen Receptor–engineered T Cells (2019)

A combinatorial costimulatory design allows the use of very low-affinity binding domains (<i>K</i> <sub>d</sub> < 1 μmol/L) for the construction of safe but also optimally effective CAR-T cells. Thus, very-low-affinity scFvs empowered by selected costimulatory elements can enhance the clinical potential of TAA-targeting CARs.
Novel Metal-Free Hydrogenation of the Carbon−Carbon Double Bond in Azulenoid Enones by Use of Cycloheptatriene and Protic Acid (2006)

[reaction: see text] An efficient method for the hydrogenation of the carbon-carbon double bond in azulenoid and aromatic fused azulenoid enones without the use of hydrogen and a metal catalyst is reported. Treatment of a variety of azulenoid enones with cycloheptatriene and a protic acid in acetonitrile gave the corresponding beta-azulenyl ketone derivatives in excellent to moderate yield. In this reaction, cycloheptatriene acts as a hydride donor.
Synthesis of Alcohols <i>via</i> a Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation– Reduction Sequence using Tertiary Bidentate Amine Ligands (2012)

Abstract The synthesis of alcohols from aromatic olefins is described using a rhodium‐catalyzed hydroformylation–reduction sequence with the assistance of a tertiary diamine ligand. The alcohols are produced in excellent branched to linear ratios and in good to excellent isolated yields. In all cases no aldehyde product, from hydroformylation, or alkyl product, from olefin reduction, was detected.
Acceptorless Alkane Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by Iridium CCC-Pincer Complexes (2014)

Iridium complexes of CCC-pincer bis-N-heterocyclic carbenes, including a newly synthesized trifluoromethyl-substituted complex, were examined as catalysts for the acceptorless dehydrogenation of cyclooctane and n-undecane. Up to 103 turnovers were observed for the dehydrogenation of cyclooctane, and up to 97 turnovers were observed for the dehydrogenation of n-undecane. The catalysts showed high initial turnover frequencies, followed by a gradual loss of activity over 24 h. Experiments indicate that this loss of activity is due to catalyst decomposition rather than product inhibition. Stoichiometric reactivity was investigated for the precatalysts, focusing on the synthesis of dihydride and trihydride complexes as well as the dissociation and addition of neutral ligands.
Deep Learning From Noisy Image Labels With Quality Embedding (2018)

There is an emerging trend to leverage noisy image datasets in many visual recognition tasks. However, the label noise among datasets severely degenerates the performance of deep learning approaches. Recently, one mainstream is to introduce the latent label to handle label noise, which has shown promising improvement in the network designs. Nevertheless, the mismatch between latent labels and noisy labels still affects the predictions in such methods. To address this issue, we propose a probabilistic model, which explicitly introduces an extra variable to represent the trustworthiness of noisy labels, termed as the quality variable. Our key idea is to identify the mismatch between the latent and noisy labels by embedding the quality variables into different subspaces, which effectively minimizes the influence of label noise. At the same time, reliable labels are still able to be applied for training. To instantiate the model, we further propose a Contrastive-Additive Noise network (CAN), which consists of two important layers: (1) the contrastive layer that estimates the quality variable in the embedding space to reduce the influence of noisy labels; and (2) the additive layer that aggregates the prior prediction and noisy labels as the posterior to train the classifier. Moreover, to tackle the challenges in optimization, we deduce an SGD algorithm with the reparameterization tricks, which makes our method scalable to big data.We validate the proposed method on a range of noisy image datasets. Comprehensive results have demonstrated that CAN outperforms the state-of-the-art deep learning approaches.
Recent progress of high-power GaN-based laser diodes (2007)

High-power pure blue laser diodes (LDs) are expected to be adopted to the light sources for full color laser display systems. We have succeeded in fabricating high-power blue (445nm) LDs with an output power of 500mW. The typical operating current, voltage and wall-plug efficiency of these LDs were 480mW, 4.8V and 21.7%, respectively. The lifetime of these LDs was estimated to be over 10,000 hours under continuous-wave operation. Moreover, we succeeded in fabricating the high-luminance white light source by combining the high-power blue LD, optical fiber, and phosphor. In this paper, we report recent progress and future prospects of the high-power GaN-based blue LDs and the new concept of high-luminance white light source.
Det som vinns i spänning förloras i överblick (2013)

Recension av Magnus Alkarp, Fyra dagar i april: påskkravallerna i april 1943.
Catalytic oxidization polymerization of aniline in an H2O2?Fe2+ system (1999)

Polyaniline is prepared by chemical polymerization of aniline in an acidic solution using H2O2 as an oxidant and ferrous chloride as a catalyst. A wide variety of synthesis parameters are studied, such as the amount of the catalyst, reaction temperature, reaction time, initial molar ratio of oxidant, monomer and catalyst, and aniline and HCl concentrations. The polymerization of aniline can be initiated by a very small amount of catalyst. The yield and the conductivity of product depend on the initial molar ratio of the oxidant and monomer. The polyaniline with a conductivity of about 10° S/cm and a yield of 60% is prepared under optimum conditions. The process of polymerization was studied by in situ ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and open-circuit potential technology. Compared to the polymerization process in a (NH4)2S2O8 system, the features of the H2O2Fe2+ system are pointed out, and the chain growth mechanism is proposed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1077–1084, 1999
Preparation of bilayer-intercalated clay films and permeation control responding to temperature, electric field, and ambient pH changes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of bilayer-intercalated clay films and permeation control responding to temperature, electric field, and ambient pH changesYoshio Okahata and Akiko ShimizuCite this: Langmuir 1989, 5, 4, 954–959Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00088a013https://doi.org/10.1021/la00088a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Architecting a Distributed Bioinformatics Platform with iRODS and iPlant Agave API (2015)

Over the past few years, cloud-based platforms have been proposed to address storage, management, and computation of large-scale data, especially in the field of genomics. However, for collaboration efforts involving multiple institutes, data transfer and management, interoperability and standardization among different platforms have imposed new challenges. This paper proposes a distributed bioinformatics platform that can leverage local clusters with remote computational clusters for genomic analysis using the unified bioinformatics workflow. The platform is built with a data server configured with iRODS, a computation cluster authenticated with iPlant Agave system, and Web server to interact with the platform. A Genome-Wide Association Study workflow is integrated to validate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
A comparison of type enforcement and Unix setuid implementation of well-formed transactions (2002)

Two security mechanisms are compared and contrasted based on their implementation of the concept of well-formed transactions (D. Clark et al., 1987). They introduced the notion of transformation procedures which are intended to perform integrity preserving or enhancing operations on various classes of data. These operations are called well-formed transactions. This paper compares the effectiveness of two mechanisms for implementing the concept of a well-formed transaction, the Secure Ada Target (SAT) type enforcement mechanism and the Unix setuid mechanism.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Improved 2.5 GHz Electron Pump: Single-Electron Transport through Shallow-Etched Point Contacts Driven by Surface Acoustic Waves (2003)

h e XXX I I I n t ern at io n al Sch oo l o f Sem icond uct i ng Co m p ou n ds, Ja szo wi ec 200 3 A n I m p r o v ed 2.5 G H z E lectron P u m p : Sin gle -Ele ctron T r an sp ort t h rou gh Sh allo w -Etc h ed P oint C ontac ts Drive n b y Su r fac e Ac ou stic W a v es P .U t k o, K. G l o o s, J. B. H an sen an d P. E. L inde l of Nano -
Immunoglobulin V<sub>H</sub> region genes of the mouse are organized in overlapping clusters (1987)

Restriction fragment length polymorphism has been compared between the Igh loci of C57BL/6 and MOLF/EI (Mus musculus molossinus) mice utilizing probes which detect the C gamma 2b gene and genes from nine VH-gene families. Distinct restriction site patterns were found for the CH genes and for VH families PC7183, Q52 and X24. VH families V31 and J558 showed identical patterns. Mixed patterns of identical and distinct bands were detected in VH families S107, J606, V3660 and VGAM3.8. This indicates that a recombination took place involving the Igh loci of a M. m. molossinus and a progenitor of the C57BL/6 strain. The breakpoint of recombination maps to the chromosomal region carrying VH families S107, J606, VGAM3.8 and V3660. VH families PC7183, Q52 and X24 map 3' to the recombination breakpoint and proximal to the DH-JH-CH region, whereas VH families V31 and J558 accordingly map 5' to the recombination breakpoint and distal to DH-JH-CH. This order of VH families was confirmed by deletion mapping utilizing hybridomas which are haploid either for the Ighb or for the Igha locus. The mapping data indicate that the VH families of the mouse are organized in overlapping clusters. This notion is confirmed by demonstration of the physical linkage of VH genes from families V31 and J558 in the Igha locus.
Beam steering of shock waves using 30 cm diameter bidimensional array (1994)

Shock wave generators are now currently used for the treatment of renal stones. In all these generators the focal zone is determined by their geometrical parameters. We propose a piezo-composite shock wave generator with electronic focusing. The system is composed of a bidimensional array and its electronic hardware. The array is composed of 274 independent piezo-composite transducers arranged in a spherical shell 28 cm in diameter and focused at 190 mm. The electronic hardware includes 274×6 kV-impulse generators. The inter-delay of each channel can be adjusted between 100 ns to 100 μs by steps of 100 ns. Electronic focusing is efficient in an ellipsoidal region of about 4 cm in diameter and 12 cm in length, this volume is large enough to follow the displacement of the renal stones due to breathing during the treatment. In vitro results show that it is possible to destroy plaster balls located everywhere in this region
Separating Internal and External Dynamics of Complex Systems (2004)

The observable behavior of a complex system reflects the mechanisms governing the internal interactions between the system's components and the effect of external perturbations. Here we show that by capturing the simultaneous activity of several of the system's components we can separate the internal dynamics from the external fluctuations. The method allows us to systematically determine the origin of fluctuations in various real systems, finding that while the Internet and the computer chip have robust internal dynamics, highway and Web traffic are driven by external demand. As multichannel measurements are becoming the norm in most fields, the method could help uncover the collective dynamics of a wide array of complex systems.
Interference issues at co-located base stations and an adaptive cancellation solution (2010)

Wireless communication service providers are having to co-locate base stations on common sites, since little space is available to build new ones. Base station receivers have to receive weak desired signals in the presence of strong transmit signals from adjacent co-located transmitters; resulting in interference and desensitisation. The paper identifies the major causes of interference and illustrates the problems with some laboratory results. The paper then describes a system that will allow many wireless communication service providers to co-exist on one common site. The system uses a reference antenna to drive an adaptive cancellation loop that cancels the interfering signals. Simulations in Advanced Design Systems show that a cancellation of about 65dB is achievable.