gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of HERV-W Syncytin-1 in Placentation and Maintenance of Human Pregnancy (2009)

Over half of human genome contains retroelements, including retrotransposons, retroviruses, and other elements. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) comprise about 8% of human genome. The products of 2 of 16 identified genes of HERV-W seem to play a pivotal role in the placentation. These 2 genes are HERV-W env glycoprotein (syncytin-1) and HERV-FRD env glycoprotein (syncytin-2). It has been shown previously that syncytin-1 mediates cell-cell fusions of cytotrophoblasts into syncytiotrophoblasts. In addition, HERV-W env contains an immunosuppressive region that may prevent rejection of a semiallogenic fetus from the mother's immune system. We analyzed 40 full-term placental tissues to localize the expression of syncytin-1-ISR by immunohistochemical staining and by reverse trancscriptase (RT) in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Both the immunostaining and in situ RT-PCR showed strong expression of syncytin-1 in the syncytiotrophoblast layer from the full-term placental tissues. To further analyze the mechanism of early embryo HERV-W env activation, we utilized a HTR-8/SVneo cell line developed from first trimester human trophoblasts and subjected them to various physiologic concentrations of maternal hormones. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that exposure to progesterone significantly upregulated the HERV-W env expression, whereas several other hormones apparently played lesser roles. In conclusion, our findings suggest that expression of syncytin-1 (HERV-W env) in utero is expressed exclusively in the syncytiotrophoblast layer and is upregulated by progesterone.
Split-Rail, Rolling-Friction Robotic Gripper With Tool Drive (1992)

Robotic gripper includes split-rail drive assembly that moves two gripping fingers toward or away from each other. Gripping fingers equipped with rollers mating with recesses and seating ramps on specially designed object. Similar in design and operation, to those described in Rolling-Friction Robotic Gripper (GSC-13261). Present gripper includes rotary tool operating on mechanism in gripped object.
New Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Project, Preliminary Point Design (2004)

This paper provides a preliminary assessment of two possible versions of the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP), a prismatic fuel type helium gas-cooled reactor and a pebblebed fuel helium gas reactor. Both designs will meet the three basic requirements that have been set for the NGNP: a coolant outlet temperature of 1000 C, passive safety, and a total power output consistent with that expected for commercial high-temperature gas-cooled reactors.
Consequences of Inadequate Management of Hyponatremia (2005)

Dilutional hyponatremia is a commonly observed disorder in hospitalized patients. It represents an excess of water in relation to prevailing sodium stores and is most often associated with a high plasma level of arginine vasopressin, including that found in patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Hyponatremia may be classified as either acute or chronic depending on the rate of decline of serum sodium concentration, and can lead to a wide range of deleterious changes involving almost all body systems. Serious complications of dilutional hyponatremia most frequently involve the central nervous system. In fact, acute severe hyponatremia is potentially life-threatening and must be treated promptly and aggressively. Chronic hyponatremia often develops in patients with nonrenal diseases and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In patients hospitalized for congestive heart failure, hyponatremia is linked to a poor prognosis and increased length of hospital stay. Prompt recognition and optimal management of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients may reduce in-hospital mortality and symptom severity, allow for less intensive hospital care, decrease the duration of hospitalization and associated costs, and improve the treatment of underlying comorbid conditions and patients' quality of life. The proper treatment of dilutional hyponatremia, especially when chronic, must avoid increasing serum sodium too rapidly, which can lead to permanent or fatal neurologic sequelae. The treatment of hyponatremia may be facilitated by emerging therapies that block the actions of arginine vasopressin at V2 and V1a receptors to promote aquaresis, the electrolyte-sparing elimination of free water, and elevate serum sodium concentrations.
Prospective study on gynaecological effects of two antioestrogens tamoxifen and toremifene in postmenopausal women (2001)

To assess and compare the gynaecological consequences of the use of 2 antioestrogens we examined 167 postmenopausal breast cancer patients before and during the use of either tamoxifen (20 mg/day, n = 84) or toremifene (40 mg/day, n = 83) as an adjuvant treatment of stage II-III breast cancer. Detailed interview concerning menopausal symptoms, pelvic examination including transvaginal sonography (TVS) and collection of endometrial sample were performed at baseline and at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months of treatment. In a subgroup of 30 women (15 using tamoxifen and 15 toremifene) pulsatility index (PI) in an uterine artery was measured before and at 6 and 12 months of treatment. The mean (+/-SD) follow-up time was 2.3 +/- 0.8 years. 35% of the patients complained of vasomotor symptoms before the start of the trial. This rate increased to 60.0% during the first year of the trial, being similar among patients using tamoxifen (57.1%) and toremifene (62.7%). Vaginal dryness, which was present in 6.0% at baseline, increased during the use of tamoxifen (26.2%) and toremifene (24.1%). Endometrial thickness increased from baseline (3.9 +/- 2.7 mm) to 6.8 +/- 4.2 mm at 6 months (P< 0.001), and no difference emerged between the 2 regimens in this regard. Before the start of the antioestrogen regimen, the endometrium was atrophic in 71 (75.5%) and proliferative in 19 of 94 (20.2%) samples; 4 patients had benign endometrial polyps. During the use of antioestrogen altogether 339 endometrial samples were taken (159 in tamoxifen group, 180 in toremifene group). The endometrium was proliferative more often in the tamoxifen group (47.8%) than in the toremifene group (32.2%) (P< 0.0001). 20 patients had a total of 24 polyps (17 in tamoxifen and 9 in toremifene group, P< 0.05) during the use of antioestrogens. One patient in the toremifene group developed endometrial adenocarcinoma at 12 months, and one patient had breast cancer metastasis on the endometrium. Tamoxifen failed to affect the PI in the uterine artery, but toremifene reduced it by 15.0% (P< 0.05) by 12 months. In conclusion, tamoxifen and toremifene cause similarly vasomotor and vaginal symptoms. Neither regimen led to the development of premalignant endometrial changes. Our data suggest that so close endometrial surveillance as used in our study may not be mandatory during the first 3 years of use of antioestrogen treatment.
Mechanisms of Allosteric Regulation of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> <i>S</i>-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase (2006)

S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is a pyruvoyl-dependent enzyme that catalyzes an essential step in polyamine biosynthesis. The polyamines are required for cell growth, and the biosynthetic enzymes are targets for antiproliferative drugs. The function of AdoMetDC is regulated by the polyamine-precursor putrescine in a species-specific manner. AdoMetDC from the protozoal parasite Trypanosoma cruzi requires putrescine for maximal enzyme activity, but not for processing to generate the pyruvoyl cofactor. The putrescine-binding site is distant from the active site, suggesting a mechanism of allosteric regulation. To probe the structural basis by which putrescine stimulates T. cruzi AdoMetDC we generated mutations in both the putrescine-binding site and the enzyme active site. The catalytic efficiency of the mutant enzymes, and the binding of the diamidine inhibitors, CGP 48664A and CGP 40215, were analyzed. Putrescine stimulates the k(cat)/K(m) for wild-type T. cruzi AdoMetDC by 27-fold, and it stimulates the binding of both inhibitors (IC(50)s decrease 10-20-fold with putrescine). Unexpectedly CGP 48664A activated the T. cruzi enzyme at low concentrations (0.1-10 microM), while at higher concentrations (>100 microM), or in the presence of putrescine, inhibition was observed. Analysis of the mutant data suggests that this inhibitor binds both the putrescine-binding site and the active site, providing evidence that the putrescine-binding site of the T. cruzi enzyme has broad ligand specificity. Mutagenesis of the active site identified residues that are important for putrescine stimulation of activity (F7 and T245), while none of the active site mutations altered the apparent putrescine-binding constant. Mutations of residues in the putrescine-binding site that resulted in reduced (S111R) and enhanced (F285H) catalytic efficiency were both identified. These data provide evidence for coupling between residues in the putrescine-binding site and the active site, consistent with a mechanism of allosteric regulation.
Analyzing business domain: a methodology and repository system (2002)

Object-oriented approaches have been widely applied in enhancing reusability for software implementation. However, identifying reusability potential during analysis phases is not a trivial task. This paper proposes a methodology for analyzing business domains. These domains are built in the form of reusable business objects. The methodology consists of three phases: domain context modeling; domain semantic modeling; and domain reuse modeling. A domain repository system is developed to help analysts use the methodology for reuse support in a systematic way. To demonstrate the usefulness of the methodology, a real-life example is illustrated.
Dichroic Safelights (1967)

The majority of laboratories handling color positive films use a filter in their printing and processing areas which has a bandwidth that overlaps areas of high emulsion sensitivity; therefore, the light intensity must be kept low. Some laboratories have tried sodium vapor lamps, with filters to absorb unwanted side radiation. These provide high-intensity monochromatic light at wavelengths where the film has low light sensitivity. Unfortunately, this type of lamp has a high initial cost and a relatively high maintenance cost, making it impractical. A special fixture using a dichroic filter and a prefocused lamp has been designed. The output of this lamp successfully matches the filtered sodium vapor lamp and provides the illumination in a more efficient method requiring lower initial cost and considerably lower maintenance expense.
Inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis by peptidic mimetics of Arg-Gly Asp (RGD) derived from the cell recognition site of fibronectin. (1996)

The partially modified retro- and retro-inverso peptides of the Arg-Gly Asp (RGD) sequence of fibronectin, in which the direction of the Arg residue is reversed and/or the chirality of the amino acid residue is inverted, i.e., mainly R(rev)-COCH2CO-D and DR(rev)-COCH2CO-D, have been synthesized to examine their antimetastatic effects in murine lung or liver metastasis models, as well as their inhibitory effect on tumor cell invasion in vitro. R(rev)-COCH2CO-D inhibited lung metastasis produced by i.v. coinjection with B16-BL6 melanoma more potently than did other pseudo-peptides or the original RGDS peptide. Rrev-COCH2CO-D also showed antimetastatic effects against several different types of tumor cells such as B16-BL6 melanoma, Colon26 M3.1 carcinoma, and L5178Y-ML25 lymphoma cells, in a dose-dependent manner, and multiple administrations had a therapeutic effect on spontaneous lung metastasis. The invasion of melanoma cells into reconstituted basement membrane Matrigel in vitro was suppressed by R(rev)-COCH2CO-D more effectively than by RGDS. These results indicate that the antimetastatic effect by R(rev)-COCH2CO-D was in part due to the inhibition of tumor invasion. The RGDS peptide decomposed when incubated with fresh plasma in vitro, whereas R(rev)-COCH2CO-D was not affected by this treatment. Thus, the reversion of the Arg-Gly linkage in the RGD sequence resulted in protease resistance leading to the retardation of the clearance of the peptide in vivo, and consequently augmented its antimetastatic and antiinvasive properties. Designed peptide analogues may provide various advantages and be useful for preventing cancer metastasis.
The recodable locking device (1999)

article Free AccessThe recodable locking device Authors: David Plummer Sandia National Lab, Aluquerque, NM Sandia National Lab, Aluquerque, NMView Profile , Larry J. Dalton Sandia National Lab, Aluquerque, NM Sandia National Lab, Aluquerque, NMView Profile , Frank Peter Sandia National Lab, Aluquerque, NM Sandia National Lab, Aluquerque, NMView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 42Issue 7July 1999 pp 83–87https://doi.org/10.1145/306549.306585Published:01 July 1999Publication History 6citation540DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations6Total Downloads540Last 12 Months25Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Minimization of torque pulsations in a trapezoidal back-EMF permanent magnet brushless DC motor (2003)

This paper discusses the different methods used to reduce the torque pulsations (i.e. cogging torque and torque ripple) in a trapezoidal back-EMF permanent magnet (PM) brushless DC motor. The paper covers the design options to reduce both cogging torque and torque ripple. The effect of stator ampere-turns, the influence of rotor magnetization and the effect of the processing of electrical steel used in the fabrication of the stator on the motor torque ripple are discussed. The conclusions in the paper are supported by experimental results. A 3-phase, 18-slot, 6-pole brushless DC motor using high energy NdFeB magnets is used to illustrate the findings.
Analysis of Alternative Keyboards Using Learning Curves (2009)

Understanding the changes in task performance time that come with learning can provide additional information for a cost-benefit analysis when considering the implementation of ergonomic interventions.
Exhaustive Optimization Phase Order Space Exploration (2006)

The phase-ordering problem is a long standing issue for compiler writers. Most optimizing compilers typically have numerous different code-improving phases, many of which can be applied in any order. These phases interact by enabling or disabling opportunities for other optimization phases to be applied. As a result, varying the order of applying optimization phases to a program can produce different code, with potentially significant performance variation amongst them. Complicating this problem further is the fact that there is no universal optimization phase order that will produce the best code, since the best phase order depends on the function being compiled, the compiler, and the target architecture characteristics. Moreover, finding the optimal optimization sequence for even a single function is hard as the space of attempted optimization phase sequences is huge and the interactions between different optimizations are poorly understood. Most previous studies performed to search for the most effective optimization phase sequence assume the optimization phase order search space to be extremely large, and hence consider exhaustive exploration of this space infeasible. In this paper we show that even though the attempted search space is extremely large, with careful and aggressive pruning it is possible to limit the actual search space with no loss of information so that it can be completely evaluated in a matter of minutes or a few hours for most functions. We were able to exhaustively enumerate all the possible function instances that can be produced by different phase orderings performed by our compiler for more than 98% of the functions in our benchmark suite. In this paper we describe the algorithm we used to make exhaustive search of the optimization phase order space possible. We then analyze this space to automatically calculate relationships between different phases. Finally, we show that the results of this analysis can be used to reduce the compilation time for a conventional batch compiler.
Does Glycosylation Influence the Experimental Antithrombotic Effect of a Two-Domain Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor? (1996)

We have earlier shown that both full-length and truncated glycosylated tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) lacking the third Kunitz domain and the c-terminal region has an antithrombotic effect comparable to lowmolecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in an experimental venous thrombosis model. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a recombinant truncated non-glycosylated TFPI (117QTFPI1-161) had an antithrombotic effect similar to the glycosylated TFPI1-161 and LMWH. We also followed the coagulation parameters. The thrombi were induced in rabbit jugular veins with a combination of endothelium destruction and restricted blood flow. Group 1: placebo; group 2: LMWH 60 anti-Xa IU/kg, i.v.; groups 3 and 4: TFPI1-161 0.8 and 0.2 mg/kg, i.v., respectively; groups 5 and 6: 0.8 and 0.2 mg/kg 117QTFPI1-161, i.v., respectively, in a randomized double-dummy fashion. Twelve animals were included in the placebo group and 6 in each of the other groups. The frequency of thrombosis and also of occlusive thrombosis was reduced in all groups compared to placebo. The thrombus weight was reduced (0-9.9 mg) in all groups, significantly in groups 2, 4 and 5 (p = 0.004-0.02) compared to placebo (21.1 mg). In group 3, a borderline p value was achieved (0.06 likely a beta-error). The two forms of TFPI1-161 given in the higher doses showed a significantly greater increase of anti-Xa activity, but with a shorter duration compared to LMWH (1.7-1.9 vs. 0.9 anti-Xa IU/ml). Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)-analysis revealed that only LMWH (52 s) caused a significant transient elevation 2 min after injection. In the other groups, a temporary but insignificant elevation of aPTT (27-37 s) was seen. No detectable effect on anti-IIa activity and prothrombin time (PT) was seen in any TFPI group. The glycosylation of the second domain on TFPI does not substantially contribute to the antithrombotic effect of TFPI. Regardless of the glycosylation of TFPI1-161, it has a dose-dependent effect on anti-Xa, a small effect on the aPTT, but no effect on anti-Ila and PT. LMWH has a more pronounced and sustained impact on these parameters.
Analyses of Radioprotective Action and Cytotoxicity of Various Sulfhydryl Compounds in Cultured Mouse L Cells (1975)

The radioprotective action and cytotoxicity of various sulfhydryl compounds; 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG), 2-mercaptopropionylglycine-amide (MPG-amide), 2-mercaptopropionylphenylalanine (MPPA), 2-mercaptopropionylphenylglycine (MPPG), 3-mercaptopropionylglycine (3-MPG), AET, cysteine and cysteamine were compared in irradiated and unirradiated mouse L cells using colony forming ability as a criterion. It was indicated that the sulfhydryl compounds divided into three classes, according to their radioprotective action and toxicity. Most effective radioprotection was obtained by cysteamine and cysteine, followed by AET and MPGamide in that order. Toxicity of these sulfhydryl compounds were generally observed in concentrations in the range of 0.1-2 mM, while they are much less toxic and effectively radioprotective in higher concentration, especially in cysteamine and cysteine. On the other hand, MPG, MPPA, MPPG and 3-MPG were all non-toxic and generally ineffective in protecting irradiated cells, except that MPG in concentrations around 0.02 mM and 15 mM and MPPA and 3-MPG around 15 mM have a slight but significant protective action.
Display of Polyhistidine Peptides on the <i>Escherichia coli</i> Cell Surface by Using Outer Membrane Protein C as an Anchoring Motif (1999)

A novel cell surface display system was developed by employing Escherichia coli outer membrane protein C (OmpC) as an anchoring motif. Polyhistidine peptides consisting of up to 162 amino acids could be successfully displayed on the seventh exposed loop of OmpC. Recombinant cells displaying polyhistidine could adsorb up to 32.0 micromol of Cd(2+) per g (dry weight) of cells.
The applications of PZT95/5 ceramics by induced phase transformation (2002)

Two applications using induced phase transitions of PZT95/5-type ceramics are discussed. They are shock-wave explosive energy conversion and heat-electric energy conversion. The phase transition related properties of PZT95/5 ceramics, such as the high coupling factor, the electrostrictive effect, the ferroelectric field effect, and the pyroelectric effect, were studied. Their potential applications are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes composite electrospun nanofibres and their application as microwave absorbing material (2013)

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite nanofibres with various MWCNT contents (up to 10 wt%) were fabricated by electrospinning process and their microwave absorption properties were evaluated by a vector network analyser in the frequency range of 8–12 GHz (X‐band) at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the nanofibre samples revealed that the deformation of the nanofibres increases with increasing MWCNT concentration. Very smooth surfaces of the composite electrospun nanofibres even for nanofibres with concentration of 10 wt% MWCNT have been successfully prepared because of the high stability dispersion of MWCNTs. It was observed that the absorption microwave properties improved by increasing the loading levels of MWCNTs. Finally, the PVA/SDS/MWCNT composite nanofibres sample with 10 wt% content of MWCNT has shown a reflection loss of 15 dB at a frequency of 8 GHz.
Absence of Low-Frequency Variability of Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Severe Heart Failure (1997)

The LF variability of sympathetic nerve activity is absent in patients with severe heart failure. This disturbed pattern of variability is closely coherent with the abnormal variability of RR interval. These disturbances of rhythmic oscillations of autonomic outflow, evident in both RR interval and MSNA, suggest a central autonomic regulatory impairment in heart failure and may have important prognostic implications.
Precise digital implementations of hyperbolic tanh and sigmoid function (2016)

Sigmoid and Hyperbolic Tangent are widely used as activation functions in artificial neural networks. Exponential term and division are basic building blocks of these functions. This paper proposes precise and efficient hardware implementations for sigmoid and hyperbolic tangent functions using exponential function approximation. Performance of both functions has been verified which shows that the proposed implementations have up to 99.97% similarity with the ideal transfer functions while the circuits take maximum 2% of logic resources when implemented on a Vertex IV FPGA.