gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of early chronic diazepam treatment on incorporation of glucose and β‐hydroxybutyrate into cerebral amino acids: Relation to undernutrition (1994)

The effects of early chronic diazepam (DZP) exposure on blood glucose and ketone body concentration and glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta HB) utilization for regional cerebral amino acid biosynthesis were studied in suckling rats. The animals were treated from postnatal day 2 (P2) to 21 (P21) by a daily subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg DZP or of the dissolution vehicle and studied at P5, P10, P14 and P21, together with an additional group of food-restricted rats obtained by an increase in litter size. DZP treatment induced a 9-26% decrease in body and brain weight. Undernutrition decreased body weight by 20-24% at all ages whereas brain weight was relatively spared. DZP and N-desmethyldiazepam concentrations decreased with age and were cleared from brain and plasma by 6-8 hrs after the injection. DZP decreased plasma glucose concentrations by 6-12% at P5, P14 and P21, whereas undernutrition did not change plasma glucose concentrations, except for a 7% decrease at P14. DZP treatment had no consequences on circulating concentrations of both ketone bodies while undernutrition increased their concentration by 45-362% at all ages. The conversion of [14C]glucose into cerebral amino acids was reduced by DZP at P5 and P10. The cerebral concentration of neurotransmitter amino acids was not affected by DZP treatment which only increased the amount of neutral amino acids mainly in the cerebellum at P5 and P10. After [U-14C]glucose injection, specific radioactivities of cerebral amino acids were mostly decreased by DZP from P5 to P14 and significantly increased at P21. With [3-14C] beta HB as a precursor, specific radioactivities of neurotransmitter amino acids were increased by DZP. In conclusion, P5 and P10 rats appear to be most sensitive to DZP effects whereas some tolerance to the drug seems to develop by P21. The lack of effects of DZP on blood ketone body concentrations compared to food restriction as well as the relative sparing of brain weight in undernourished rats confirms that the cerebral metabolic consequences of early DZP exposure on brain energy metabolism are mostly direct effects not mediated by sedation-induced undernutrition.
Crystalline Structure of HfZrO Thin Films and ZrO2 / HfO2 bi-Layers Grown by AVD for MOS Applications (2008)

The downscaling in CMOS transistors requires the introduction of new materials with a higher dielectric constant. The electrical properties of HfxZryOz films and ZrO2 / HfO2 bi-layers grown by Atomic Vapor Deposition were analyzed for their integration as gate oxides. While crystallinity of those layers was found to be dependent on their zirconium concentration, the electrical performance was shown to depend mainly on the growth temperature of the high-k films.
Activation of the first component of complement, C1, by a monoclonal antibody recognizing the C chain of C1q. (1984)

The effect of a purified monoclonal anti-C1q anti-body (Ab 242 G3) on the function of C1q, a subcomponent of the first component of complement C1, was studied. No inhibition of purified activated C1 was observed, whereas binding of the Ab to fluid phase C1q, to C1q bound to immune complexes (EAC1q), or to serum C1 in fluid phase resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the hemolytic activity of C1. In contrast, when the effect of the Ab on serum C1 bound to immune complexes (EAC1) was measured, no inhibition, but a dose-dependent enhancement, of the hemolytic activity was obtained. The dose-response curve of the Ab-treated cell-bound serum C1 was indistinguishable from that of activated C1. Isolated Fab fragments of this Ab did not cause an increase in C1 activity. After separation of the A, B, and C chains of C1q by SDS-PAGE, Ab 242 G3 reacted in immunoblotting selectively with the C chain. These data indicate that cross-linking of C1q via the C chain of C1q might lead to an internal activation of C1.
The UA_handle: a versatile submotif in stable RNA architectures† (2008)

Stable RNAs are modular and hierarchical 3D architectures taking advantage of recurrent structural motifs to form extensive non-covalent tertiary interactions. Sequence and atomic structure analysis has revealed a novel submotif involving a minimal set of five nucleotides, termed the UA_handle motif (5'XU/AN(n)X3'). It consists of a U:A Watson-Crick: Hoogsteen trans base pair stacked over a classic Watson-Crick base pair, and a bulge of one or more nucleotides that can act as a handle for making different types of long-range interactions. This motif is one of the most versatile building blocks identified in stable RNAs. It enters into the composition of numerous recurrent motifs of greater structural complexity such as the T-loop, the 11-nt receptor, the UAA/GAN and the G-ribo motifs. Several structural principles pertaining to RNA motifs are derived from our analysis. A limited set of basic submotifs can account for the formation of most structural motifs uncovered in ribosomal and stable RNAs. Structural motifs can act as structural scaffoldings and be functionally and topologically equivalent despite sequence and structural differences. The sequence network resulting from the structural relationships shared by these RNA motifs can be used as a proto-language for assisting prediction and rational design of RNA tertiary structures.
Artificial Speech in Phonetics and Communications (1958)

No AccessJournal of Speech and Hearing ResearchResearch Article1 Mar 1958Artificial Speech in Phonetics and Communications Hugh K. Dunn, and Harold L. Barney Hugh K. Dunn Google Scholar More articles by this author and Harold L. Barney Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.0101.23 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited by International Journal of Computer & Information Sciences4:3 (265-279)1 Sep 1975Relevance of computer science to linguistics and vice versaJ. A. Moyne W. Meyer-Eppler and W. Endres (1974) Automatische Spracherkennung und synthetische Sprache Taschenbuch der Informatik10.1007/978-3-642-65588-3_14 David R. Hill (1971) Man-Machine Interaction Using Speech Advances in Computers Volume 1110.1016/S0065-2458(08)60632-4 H. Kazmierczak, W. Meyer-Eppler and W. Endres (1967) Spezielle Nachrichtenwandler Taschenbuch der Nachrichtenverarbeitung10.1007/978-3-662-00505-7_6 IRE Transactions on AudioAU-9:6 (191-196)Automation of speech, speech synthesis and synthetic speech, a bibliographical survey from 1950-1960P. Simmons Volume 1 Issue 1 March 1958 Pages: 23-39 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Mar 1, 1958 PubMed ID: 13576495 Metrics Topicsasha-topicsasha-article-typesCopyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1958 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF downloadLoading ...
Convergence Theorems for Generalized Alternating Minimization Procedures (2005)

The EM algorithm is widely used to develop iterative parameter estimation procedures for statistical models. In cases where the algorithms strictly follow the EM formulation, the convergence properties of the estimation procedures are well understood. In some instances there are practical reasons to develop procedures that do not strictly fall within the EM framework. We study EM variants in which the E-Step is not performed exactly, either to obtain improved rates of convergence, or due to approximations needed to compute statistics under a model family over which E-Steps cannot be realized. Since these variants are not EM procedures, the standard (G)EM convergence results do not apply to them. We present an information geometric framework for describing such algorithms and analysing their convergence properties. We apply this framework to analyse the convergence properties of incremental EM and variational EM. For the former, we discuss conditions under these algorithms converge in likelihood. For the latter, we characterize exactly the degree to which the E-Step approximation prevents convergence to local maxima in likelihood.
Antiproliferative Activity of Abietane Diterpenoids against Human Tumor Cells (2013)

In the present study, the cytotoxicity of 30 diterpenoids with an abietane or a halimane skeleton was determined against five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, U937, Molt-3, SK-MEL-1, and MCF-7). Diterpenoids containing an abietane skeleton including taxodone (1) and taxodione (2), as well as the semisynthetic derivatives 12, 14, 15, 17, and 22, were the most cytotoxic compounds for human leukemia cells. Overexpression of the protective mitochondrial proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) did not confer resistance to abietane diterpene-induced cytotoxicity. Studies performed on HL-60 cells indicated that growth inhibition triggered by compounds 1, 12, 14, and 15 was caused by induction of apoptosis. This was prevented by the nonspecific caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and, in the case of compounds 14 and 15, reduced by the selective caspase-8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK. Cell death induced by these abietane diterpenes was found to be associated with the release of mitochondrial proteins, including cytochrome c, Smac/DIABLO, and AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor), accompanied by dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), and modulated by inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinases signaling and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition: a target for antifungal agents. (1995)

The isoprenoid sterols play a crucial role in the viability of all fungi; those unable to synthesise ergosterol because of inhibition, growth conditions or mutation must take it up from the environment. A range of compound types have been discovered which interfere with the biosynthetic pathway from acetate to ergosterol and these compounds have antifungal actions. Inhibition of several of the steps has yielded agents which have been used with great success as medical and agrochemical agents. The most important biosynthetic steps that have been exploited are inhibition of squalene epoxidase, (the allylamines and tolnaftate) C14 demethylation (the azoles), delta 7,8 isomerase and delta 14 reductase which are inhibited by the morpholines. Recent research has shown that inhibition of C24 methyltransferase and C4 demethylation also yield antifungal agents. Combination studies demonstrate that synergy between agents of different types can be measured. Fungicidal effects were observed when a combination of two fungistatic agents was used.
A Novel Smart Healthcare Design, Simulation, and Implementation Using Healthcare 4.0 Processes (2020)

Blockchain technology is found to have its applicability in almost every domain because of its advantages such as crypto-security, transparency, immutability, decentralized data network. In present times, a smart healthcare system with a blockchain data network and healthcare 4.0 processes provides transparency, easy and faster accessibility, security, efficiency, etc. Healthcare 4.0 trends include industry 4.0 processes such as the internet of things (IoT), industrial IoT (IIoT), cognitive computing, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, fog computing, edge computing, etc. The goal of this work is to design a smart healthcare system and it is found to be possible through integration and interoperability of Blockchain 3.0 and Healthcare 4.0 in consideration with healthcare ground-realities. Here, healthcare 4.0 processes used for data accessibility are targeted to be validated through statistical simulation-optimization methods and algorithms. The blockchain is implemented in the Ethereum network, and with associated programming languages, tools, and techniques such as solidity, web3.js, Athena, etc. Further, this work prepares a comparative and comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art blockchain-based smart healthcare systems. The comprehensive survey includes methodology, applications, requirements, outcomes, future directions, etc. A list of groups, organizations, and enterprises are prepared that are working in electronic health records (EHR), electronic medical records (EMR) or electronic personal records (EPR) mainly, and a comparative analysis is drawn concerning adopting the blockchain technology in their processes. This work has explored optimization algorithms applicable to Healthcare 4.0 trends and improves the performance of blockchain-based decentralized applications for the smart healthcare system. Further, smart contracts and their designs are prepared for the proposed system to expedite the trust-building and payment systems. This work has considered simulation and implementation to validate the proposed approach. Simulation results show that the Gas value required (indicating block size and expenditure) lies within current Etherum network Gas limits. The proposed system is active because block utilization lies above 80%. Automated smart contract execution is below 20 seconds. A good number (average 3 per simulation time) is generated in the network that indicates a health competition. Although there is error observed in simulation and implementation that lies between 0.55% and 4.24%, these errors are not affecting overall system performance because simulated and actual (taken in state-of-the-art) data variations are negligible.
What the Event Calculus actually does, and how to do it efficiently. (1994)

Clinical decision support (CDS) alerts are designed to work according to a set of clearly defined criteria and have the potential to improve clinical care. To efficiently and proactively review abnormally functioning CDS alerts, we postulate that the introduction of a dashboard with statistical process control (SPC) charting will lead to effective detection of erratic alert behavior. We identified custom CDS alerts from an academic medical center that were recorded and monitored in a longitudinal fashion and the data warehouses where this information was stored. We created a dashboard of alert frequency using SPC charts, applied SPC rules for classification of variation, and validated dashboard data. From June-August 2022, the dashboard effectively pulled in data to visually depict alert behavior. SPC-defined parameters for standard deviation from the mean were applied to visualizations and allowed for rapid review of alerts with greatest variation. These alerts were subsequently investigated, and it was determined that they were functioning correctly. The most profound abnormalities detected during implementation reflected changes in practice and not system errors, though further investigation into thresholds for statistical significance will benefit this field. We conclude that SPC visualizations are a time-efficient and effective method of identifying CDS malfunctions.
Implications of Mutations of Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 1 Gene (<i>ALK1</i>) in Addition to Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor II Gene (<i>BMPR2</i>) in Children With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2007)

Each proband with the ALK1 mutation developed PAH, as did the probands with the BMPR2 mutation. Hence, it is proposed that ALK1 plays as notable a role as BMPR2 in the etiology of PAH. Furthermore, asymptomatic carriers with the ALK1 mutation within the serine - threonine kinase domain are at risk of developing PAH and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, so close follow-up is recommended for those individuals.
Determination of Phenols, Inorganic Anions, and Carboxylic Acids in Kraft Black Liquors by Capillary Electrophoresis (1998)

Two methods are presented for the quantitative capillary electrophoretic (CE) determination of phenolic lignin degradation compounds as well as of inorganic anions and organic acids in Kraft black liquors. Important phenolic lignin degradation compounds can be rapidly separated by co-electroosmotic CE after acidification of the liquors and subsequent extraction of the compounds with chloroform. A capillary electrophoretic separation of phenolic compounds is performed by using a phosphate/borate electrolyte system and UV detection at 214 nm. In addition, a HPLC method using a gradient with water, methanol, and acetic acid is also developed. Inorganic ions which are of importance to the pulping process can be determined by simply diluting the black liquors after sampling and subsequent analysis with a chromate electrolyte system and indirect UV detection at 185 nm. In addition, the concentration of low molecular aliphatic carboxylic acids can be determined simultaneously within the same run. By method optimization it is possible to separate the anions within one minute and, at the same time, to increase the resolution of the solutes. The electrolyte systems for the CE separations were optimized by varying the pH value and by adding organic solvents. Short separation times are obtained by adding a polycationic EOF modifier (hexadimethrine bromide) to the electrolyte which reverses the electroosmotic flow. A migration of the anionic analytes in the same direction as the electroosmotic flow is thus established.
A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Phonics Instruction and Minority Elementary School Student Academic Achievement (2007)

This meta-analysis of 22 studies examines the relationship between phonics and the academic achievement of urban minority elementary school children. Further analyses distinguish between those studies that are of higher quality than the others and those studies that examine all minority students and mostly minority students. Results indicate a significant relationship between phonics instruction and higher academic achievement. Phonics instruction, as a whole, is associated with academic variables by about .23 to .33 of a standard deviation unit. This relationship holds for studies that examine all minority students and those that include mostly minority students. The results also hold for higher quality studies. The significance of these results is discussed.
Optimization of Ge/C ratio for compensation of misfit strain in solid phase epitaxial growth of SiGe layers (1993)

In order to study the strain-compensation effect by C atoms in solid phase epitaxial (SPE) growth of SiGe alloy layers, C sequential implantation was performed in [100] oriented Si substrates with various doses after high dose (5×1016/cm2) Ge implantation. When the nominal peak concentration of implanted C was over 0.55 at. % in the present sample series, misfit dislocation generation in the epitaxial layer was considerably suppressed. A SiGe alloy layer with 0.9 at. % C peak concentration under a 12 at. % Ge peak shows the greatest improved crystallinity compared to layers with smaller C peak concentrations. The experimental results, combined with a simple model calculation, indicate that the optimum Ge/C ratio for strain compensation is between 11 and 22.
Possible mechanisms of central nervous system fatigue during exercise (1997)

Fatigue of voluntary muscular effort is a complex phenomenon. To date, relatively little attention has been placed on the role of the central nervous system (CNS) in fatigue during exercise despite the fact that the unwillingness to generate and maintain adequate CNS drive to the working muscle is the most likely explanation of fatigue for most people during normal activities. Several biological mechanisms have been proposed to explain CNS fatigue. Hypotheses have been developed for several neurotransmitters including serotonin (5-HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine), dopamine, and acetylcholine. The most prominent one involves an increase in 5-HT activity in various brain regions. Good evidence suggests that increases and decreases in brain 5-HT activity during prolonged exercise hasten and delay fatigue, respectively, and nutritional manipulations designed to attenuate brain 5-HT synthesis during prolonged exercise improve endurance performance. Other neuromodulators that may influence fatigue during exercise include cytokines and ammonia. Increases in several cytokines have been associated with reduced exercise tolerance associated with acute viral or bacterial infection. Accumulation of ammonia in the blood and brain during exercise could also negatively effect the CNS function and fatigue. Clearly fatigue during prolonged exercise is influenced by multiple CNS and peripheral factors. Further elucidation of how CNS influences affect fatigue is relevant for achieving optimal muscular performance in athletics as well as everyday life.
Are Hydrophobins and/or Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Proteins Responsible for Gushing in Beer? New Hypotheses on the Chemical Nature of Gushing Inducing Factors (2002)

Gushing of beer is characterised by the fact that immediately after opening a bottle a great number of fine bubbles are created throughout the volume of beer and ascend quickly under foam formation, which flows out of the bottle. This infuriating gushing phenomenon has been, and still is, a problem of world-wide importance to the brewing industry. It is generally assumed that the causes of malt-derived gushing are due to the use of “weathered” barley or wheat and the growth of moulds in the field, during storage and malting. We now develop a hypothesis connecting several lines of evidence from different laboratories. These results indicate that the fungal hydrophobins, hydrophobic components of conidiospores or aerial mycelia, are gushing-inducing factors. Furthermore, increased formation of ns-LTPs (non-specific lipid transfer proteins), synthesised in grains as response to fungal infection, and their modification during the brewing process may be responsible for malt-derived gushing.
Protease inhibitor TPCK represses Ha-ras (Val12) transformation and nuclear factor-kappa B activation (1997)

Certain chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitors such as TPCK exhibit a well described anti-tumorigenic activity by an as yet undescribed mechanism. One potential cellular target for TPCK in transformed cells is the ms-inducible NF-kappa B family of transcription factors. We therefore used TPCK to examine the physiologic role of NF-kappa B during Ha-ras induced transformation, independent of another major downstream effector of Ha-ras, AP-1. Using a conditionally transformed NIH3T3 cell line, we found that TPCK (but not the control inhibitor TLME) inhibited the anchorage-independent growth of Ha-ras transformed cells, but not their anchorage-dependent growth on plastic tissue culture dishes. Likewise, TPCK reduced the ability of Ha-ras to stimulate DNA synthesis in growth factor depleted cells, but not the ability of serum to stimulate DNA synthesis in the same growth factor depleted cells. Gel shift analysis and reporter gene expression indicated that TPCK blocked Ha-ras-induced NF-kappa B activity, while only having minimal effects on Ha-ras-induced AP-1 activity. TPCK is therefore able to Inhibit the Ha-ras transformed phenotype of cells by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of NF-kappa B, while having little effect upon transcriptional activity of AP-1.