gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The capacity of discrete-time memoryless Rayleigh-fading channels (2001)

We consider transmission over a discrete-time Rayleigh fading channel, in which successive symbols face independent fading, and where neither the transmitter nor the receiver has channel state information. Subject to an average power constraint, we study the capacity-achieving distribution of this channel and prove it to be discrete with a finite number of mass points, one of them located at the origin. We numerically compute the capacity and the corresponding optimal distribution as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The behavior of the channel at low SNR is studied and finally a comparison is drawn with the ideal additive white Gaussian noise channel.
BRCA1 Facilitates Microhomology-mediated End Joining of DNA Double Strand Breaks (2002)

BRCA1 is critical for the maintenance of genomic stability, in part through its interaction with the Rad50.Mre11.Nbs1 complex, which occupies a central role in DNA double strand break repair mediated by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination. BRCA1 has been shown to be required for homology-directed recombination repair. However, the role of BRCA1 in NHEJ, a critical pathway for the repair of double strand breaks and genome stability in mammalian cells, remains elusive. Here, we established a pair of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from 9.5-day-old embryos with genotypes Brca1(+/+):p53(-/-) or Brca1(-/-):p53(-/-). The Brca1(-/-):p53(-/-) MEFs appear to be extremely sensitive to ionizing radiation. The contribution of BRCA1 in NHEJ was evaluated in these cells using three different assay systems. First, transfection of a linearized plasmid in which expression of the reporter gene required precise end joining indicated that Brca1(-/-) MEFs display a moderate deficiency when compared with Brca1(+/+) cells. Second, using a retrovirus infection assay dependent on NHEJ, a 5-10-fold reduction in retroviral integration efficiency was observed in Brca1(-/-) MEFs when compared with the Brca1(+/+) MEFs. Third, Brca1(-/-) MEFs exhibited a 50-100-fold deficiency in microhomology-mediated end-joining activity of a defined chromosomal DNA double strand break introduced by a rare cutting endonuclease I-SceI. These results provide evidence that Brca1 has an essential role in microhomology-mediated end joining and suggest a novel molecular basis for its caretaker role in the maintenance of genome integrity.
Time‐dependent effect of statins on platelet function in hypercholesterolaemia (2002)

Our data suggest a different impact of several statins on platelet function, which is initially related to interference with Pox-LDL rather than LDL-C reduction.
Measurement techniques for coupling characterisation inside CMOS integrated circuits (2002)

In this paper, techniques for crosstalk coupling modelling, simulation and measurement are proposed. A coupling model including capacitance and substrate effects is used for SPICE simulations for a given pair of inverters with varying size ratios and substrate resistivities. A technique is proposed for the measurement of the crosstalk noise based on RS latch sensors. An experimental implementation of the sensors in a 1.0 /spl mu/m CMOS technology is presented and the crosstalk measurements are compared to the simulation predictions. The results show high crosstalk noise close from the commutation point of the logic. Forecasts concerning submicron technologies are presented together with new sensor implementations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 3mW continuous-time ΣΔ-modulator for EDGE/GSM with high adjacent channel tolerance (2004)

A continuous-time 4th-order multi-bit /spl Sigma//spl Delta/-modulator for GSM/EDGE is presented. By introduction of a direct feed-forward path from the input to the quantiser, high immunity to adjacent channel interferers is achieved. The dynamic range is 90 dB (>14-bit) over a 240 kHz signal bandwidth. Accurate modelling allows optimisation of excess loop delay, thus yielding a very low power consumption of 3 mW at 1.25 V supply voltage. The modulator is clocked at 26 MHz (oversampling ratio=54). It occupies 0.5 mm/sup 2/ in a 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Disturbed Children in Special Schools (1977)

Halfway through the Schools Council's project on the education of disturbed pupils, the project team. Dr. M. D. Wilson, M. B. Evans, R. L Dawson and J. S. Kiek, report their first findings
Through-Tubing Gravel Pack With Small Clearance: The Important Factors (2002)

Abstract In remedial situations, it is often desirable to place a large diameter screen inside of a liner or failed screen section and place gravel in the small annular space. In some situations, this will allow continued optimum production from the wellbore without the need for a costly sidetrack. In preparation for some remedial work in the North Sea, a laboratory investigation of important parameters involved with low viscosity gravel packing with small annular clearances was undertaken. Initial laboratory testing had indicated that the extremely tight clearance between the screen and the casing (approximately 0.27 inches radial clearance) caused sufficient change in the flow dynamics for premature bridging to occur even when standard water packing guidelines were followed. To alleviate this problem, further testing was performed to determine how standard practices could be modified to meet the challenge. This study included both circulating gravel packs and gravel packs conducted with no return flow. A variety of wellbore deviations, flow rates, sand concentrations, and washpipe diameters were tried to determine the relative importance of these variables. The results of these tests, a look at how these results fit with current concepts of through tubing gravel pack completions, and guidelines to assist in the design of through tubing gravel packs are presented.
Immunocytochemical evaluation of the percentage of proliferating cells in pathological bone marrow and peripheral blood samples with the Ki‐67 and anti‐bromo‐deoxyuridine monoclonal antibodies (1988)

The monoclonal antibody Ki-67, directed against a nuclear antigen expressed by dividing cells in all the phases of cell cycle except G0 and early G1, was used in combination with an anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody, reacting selectively with cells in S-phase, for assessing the percentage of proliferating cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from patients with lymphoma, leukaemia and multiple myeloma. Immunocytochemical labelling of proliferating cells was performed on marrow frozen sections and/or cytospins using an immunoalkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique that made it possible to obtain proliferative index measurements in a few hours in contrast to the 3-7 d needed with tritiated thymidine. In the 54 marrow lymphoma cases studied a highly significant correlation was observed between the proportion of Ki-67 (+) cells and the separation into low- and high-grade malignant lymphomas according to the Kiel classification. In patients with multiple myeloma at the first diagnosis, the percentage of Ki-67 (+) cells was low (6-10%). In contrast, a high percentage of Ki-67 (+) cells (40-50%) was observed in a young adult with multiple myeloma, in a patient who first presented at the clinical observation with an extradural mass and in three patients who developed extramedullary masses several years after the initial diagnosis of myeloma. In acute lymphoblastic leukaemias of common type the mean value of Ki-67 labelling was 31.3%. Because of their simplicity and rapidity, immunocytochemical techniques may be expected to replace autoradiography and flow cytometry for the detection of proliferating cells in haematological samples.
Exploiting and Protecting Dynamic Code Generation (2015)

Author(s): Chengyu Song, Chao Zhang, Tielei Wang, Wenke Lee, David Melski Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 7 Feb 2015 Document Type: Briefing Papers Additional Documents: Slides Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2015 Abstract: Many mechanisms have been proposed and deployed to prevent exploits against software vulnerabilities. One of the most effective and efficient is W xor X … Continued
Structure−Activity Relationships of the Quinolone Antibacterials against Mycobacteria:  Effect of Structural Changes at N-1 and C-7 (1996)

The re-emergence of tuberculosis infections which are resistant to conventional drug therapy has demonstrated the need for alternative chemotherapy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As part of a study to optimize the quinolone antibacterials against M. tuberculosis, we have prepared a series of N-1- and C-7-substituted quinolones to examine specific structure-activity relationships between modifications of the quinolone at these two positions and activity against mycobacteria. The compounds, synthesized by literature procedures, were evaluated for activity against Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium smegmatis as well as Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The activity of the compounds against M. fortuitum was used as a barometer of M. tuberculosis activity. The results demonstrate that (i) the activity against mycobacteria was related more to antibacterial activity than to changes in the lipophilicity of the compounds, (ii) the antimycobacterial activity imparted by the N-1 substituent was in the order tert-butyl > or = cyclopropyl > 2,4-difluorophenyl > ethyl approximately cyclobutyl > isopropyl, and (iii) substitution with either piperazine or pyrrolidine heterocycles at C-7 afforded similar activity against mycobacteria.
압입방법을 이용한 플라즈마 코팅재의 기계적 특성평가 및 유한요소 해석 (2012)

Efforts have been made to deposit alumina-40 wt.% titania (AT-40) coatings AISI 1045 steel by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) technique. The structure, morphology and chemical composition fracture mechanisms of the coatings was studied by XRD, SEM and EDAX, The coating contain alumina and titania. The alumina has γ-Al₂O₃, θ-Al₂O₃ and α-Al₂O₃ and titania comprise of rutile and anatase phases. Vickers-indentation was used to determine the hardness and fracture toughness of coated materials. The hardness values varied with the indentation load. Experimental results indicate that Vickers hardness varied from 13.3 to 17.0 GPa. The fracture toughness obtained from Vickers indentation was in the order of 1.77-2.07 MPa· m 1/2 . In addition the elastic-plastic behavior was evaluated by finite element (FE) numerical analysis. FE analysis results gave insight in the fracture mechanism of the ceramic films.
Development of a nickel-base superalloy using statistically designed experiments. (1968)

Statistical techniques to develop nickel base superalloy with high temperature capabilities for jet engine turbine bucket applications
Instant Snapshots in a Federated Array of Bricks (2005)

snapshots, checkpoints, storage, distributed systems, clusters Snapshot has become a fundamental requirement on mid- to high- end storage systems. Its applications include archiving, recovery, report generation, decision making tools and remote mirroring. State-of-the-art snapshot techniques on existing storage systems typically work on a single (fault-tolerant) controller, and need to pause the applications or change the operation mode of the file systems or databases when a snapshot is taken. In a federated array of bricks (FAB), a snapshot may involve tens to thousands of independent controllers or processors, and may be taken at a high frequency, e.g., once every 30 seconds for atomic updates in remote mirroring. Therefore, an efficient distributed snapshot algorithm that can make the snapshot operations transparent to applications is needed in FAB. In this paper, we propose such an algorithm, which avoids pausing or aborting write requests by the novel use of a tentative data structure during the two phase commit of a snapshot creation. The snapshot operations are serializable with data operations (i.e., reads and writes), hence ensure consistency of the snapshots. Read-only operations on snapshots are optimized in common cases, only requiring communications to a small subset of the bricks, in particular, a single replica set or three bricks in FAB. The algorithm has been prototyped in FAB and has been tested with trace-based experiments.
Architectural models for global automation systems (2002)

Designing automation systems, as in most engineering endeavors, is primarily an architectural problem, involving hardware and software components. The objective of this paper is to introduce the concept of software architecture and styles in designing automation systems, and to describe an object framework for the development of global automation systems.
SARS-CoV-2 is well adapted for humans. What does this mean for re-emergence? (2020)

Abstract In a side-by-side comparison of evolutionary dynamics between the 2019/2020 SARS-CoV-2 and the 2003 SARS-CoV, we were surprised to find that SARS-CoV-2 resembles SARS-CoV in the late phase of the 2003 epidemic after SARS-CoV had developed several advantageous adaptations for human transmission. Our observations suggest that by the time SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in late 2019, it was already pre-adapted to human transmission to an extent similar to late epidemic SARS-CoV. However, no precursors or branches of evolution stemming from a less human-adapted SARS-CoV-2-like virus have been detected. The sudden appearance of a highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 presents a major cause for concern that should motivate stronger international efforts to identify the source and prevent near future re-emergence. Any existing pools of SARS-CoV-2 progenitors would be particularly dangerous if similarly well adapted for human transmission. To look for clues regarding intermediate hosts, we analyze recent key findings relating to how SARS-CoV-2 could have evolved and adapted for human transmission, and examine the environmental samples from the Wuhan Huanan seafood market. Importantly, the market samples are genetically identical to human SARS-CoV-2 isolates and were therefore most likely from human sources. We conclude by describing and advocating for measured and effective approaches implemented in the 2002-2004 SARS outbreaks to identify lingering population(s) of progenitor virus.
An extended frame language (1989)

This paper describes several extensions to the traditional frame based programming semantics. We generalize the treatment of slots to include frame-like semantics; in addition we allow slots to be referenced by complex terms, whereas previously described frame based systems typically allow only scalar slot references. The resulting frame system naturally accommodates complex data structures and provides an extremely powerful mechanism for specifying complex relationships between objects represented by frames.
Bidirectional Recurrent Auto-Encoder for Photoplethysmogram Denoising (2018)

Photoplethysmography (PPG) has become ubiquitous with the development of smart watches and the mobile healthcare market. However, PPG is vulnerable to various types of noises that are ever present in uncontrolled environments, and the key to obtaining meaningful signals depends on successful denoising of PPG. In this context, algorithms have been developed to denoise PPG, but many were validated in controlled settings or are reliant on multiple steps that must all work correctly. This paper proposes a novel PPG denoising algorithm based on bidirectional recurrent denoising auto-encoder (BRDAE) that requires minimal pre-processing steps and have the benefit of waveform feature accentuation beyond simple denoising. The BRDAE was trained and validated on a dataset with artificially augmented noise, and was tested on a large open database of PPG signals collected from patients enrolled in intensive care units as well as from PPG data collected intermittently during the daily routine of nine subjects over 24 h. Denoising with the trained BRDAE improved signal-to-noise ratio of the noise-augmented data by 7.9 dB during validation. In the test datasets, the denoised PPG showed statistically significant improvement in heart rate detection as compared with the original PPG in terms of correlation to reference and root-mean-squared error. These results indicate that the proposed method is an effective solution for denoising the PPG signal, and promises values beyond traditional denoising by providing PPG feature accentuation for pulse waveform analysis.
Reflecting Microscope Objectives with Nonspherical Mirrors (1952)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. Miyata, S. Yanagawa, and M. Noma, "Reflecting Microscope Objectives with Nonspherical Mirrors," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 42, 431_1-432 (1952) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Limitations of calculating field distributions and magnetic susceptibilities in MRI using a Fourier based method (2009)

A discrete Fourier based method for calculating field distributions and local magnetic susceptibility in MRI is carefully studied. Simulations suggest that the method based on discrete Green's functions in both 2D and 3D spaces has less error than the method based on continuous Green's functions. The 2D field calculations require the correction of the 'Lorentz disk', which is similar to the Lorentz sphere term in the 3D case. A standard least-squares fit is proposed for the extraction of susceptibility for a single object from MR images. Simulations and a phantom study confirm both the discrete method and the feasibility of the least-squares fit approach. Finding accurate susceptibility values of local structures in the brain from MR images may be possible with this approach in the future.
Oxidative Stress in Animal Models with Special Reference to Experimental Porcine Endotoxemia (2011)

Animal experiments offer a unique possibility to tailor study design and to standardize the experiment in a way that allows us to repeat challenges, monitoring and interventions according to scientific rationale. The animal models described in this chapter are thought to replicate human disorders where oxidative stress is a major component. These experimental settings are focused on inflammatory diseases, with particular focus on sepsis models, each animal model having its own advantages and disadvantages. Depending on the study rationale, it is possible to use specific animal models. In studies where the role of the genetic expression is thought to be evaluated, knockout mice are of utmost importance for the understanding of the synthesis of a functional gene product. When biological variables are used to determine and evaluate pathophysiological events, it is essential to know that the bioassay is applicable as well as knowledge to interpret detection limits and potential cross-reactions to other related compounds. Since inflammatory challenges differ between various types of animals, responses may not exactly reflect the reactions that occur in man. Species differences in both the innate immune systems, which offer immediate defense against infection in a nonspecific fashion, and the adaptive immune responses, which provide the vertebrate immune system with the capability to distinguish and recall identifiable pathogens are important limitations. Cascade systems and receptor expression are other examples where interpretative care must be taken. Nevertheless, animal models offer a unique ­possibility to study serious reactions and events, which are generally impossible to induce experimentally in man.
Effects of plasma cleaning on the reliability of wire bonding (2002)

The yield of wire bonding predominantly depends on the surface characteristics of wire bond pads. The contamination on bond pads may result in low ball shear/wire pull strength and poor strength uniformity. Therefore, it is essential to remove the contaminants from the bond pad surface prior to wire bonding. In the present study, the effects of plasma cleaning on the reliability of wire bonding are investigated. Two types of plasma cleaning with various processing parameters are studied. Besides, specimens without plasma cleaning are also investigated for benchmarking. In addition to the comparison of contact angle, both ball shear and wire pull tests are performed to evaluate the effects of plasma cleaning. From the experimental data, it is observed that the plasma cleaning with proper parameter tuning can improve the contact angle characteristics and the reliability of wire bonding. However, a certain type of plasma cleaning may reduce the ball shear strength. Further analytical inspection is conducted on the bond pad surface. Detailed composition characterization is performed to confirm the findings of the present study.
The Genome of the Kinetoplastid Parasite, <i>Leishmania major</i> (2005)

Leishmania species cause a spectrum of human diseases in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. We have sequenced the 36 chromosomes of the 32.8-megabase haploid genome of Leishmania major (Friedlin strain) and predict 911 RNA genes, 39 pseudogenes, and 8272 protein-coding genes, of which 36% can be ascribed a putative function. These include genes involved in host-pathogen interactions, such as proteolytic enzymes, and extensive machinery for synthesis of complex surface glycoconjugates. The organization of protein-coding genes into long, strand-specific, polycistronic clusters and lack of general transcription factors in the L. major, Trypanosoma brucei, and Trypanosoma cruzi (Tritryp) genomes suggest that the mechanisms regulating RNA polymerase II-directed transcription are distinct from those operating in other eukaryotes, although the trypanosomatids appear capable of chromatin remodeling. Abundant RNA-binding proteins are encoded in the Tritryp genomes, consistent with active posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression.
Coaxial nanocable: Carbon nanotube core sheathed with boron nitride nanotube (2007)

A coaxial nanocable model consisting of conductive carbon nanotube core and boron nitride nanotube sheath is proposed by ab initio calculations. The conduction electron density is mainly concentrated on the inner carbon shell at the optimal interwall distance about 0.35nm. The conductivity of the core carbon nanotube and the insulation of the boron nitride nanotube sheath are found to be rather tolerant to mechanical deformation.
IAB Concerns Regarding Congestion Control for Voice Traffic in the Internet (2004)

This document discusses IAB concerns about effective end-to-end congestion control for best-effort voice traffic in the Internet. These concerns have to do with fairness, user quality, and with the dangers of congestion collapse. The concerns are particularly relevant in light of the absence of a widespread Quality of Service (QoS) deployment in the Internet, and the likelihood that this situation will not change much in the near term. This document is not making any recommendations about deployment paths for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) in terms of QoS support, and is not claiming that best-effort service can be relied upon to give acceptable performance for VoIP. We are merely observing that voice traffic is occasionally deployed as best-effort traffic over some links in the Internet, that we expect this occasional deployment to continue, and that we have concerns about the lack of effective end-to-end congestion control for this best-effort voice traffic.
Change in Cell Death Markers During <sup>177</sup> Lu-mAb Radioimmunotherapy-Induced Rejection of Syngeneic Rat Colon Carcinoma (2014)

Following radioimmunotherapy in an immunocompetent syngeneic colon carcinoma model, tumor cells did not only die through caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, but also by other mechanisms.