gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Requirements and Challenges for IoT over ICN (2016)

The Internet of Things (IoT) promises to connect billions of objects
to the Internet. After deploying many stand-alone IoT systems in
different domains, the current trend is to develop a common, thin
waist of protocols forming a horizontal unified, defragmented IoT
platform. Such a platform will make objects accessible to applications
across organizations and domains. Towards this goal, quite a few
proposals have been made to build a unified host-centric IoT platform
as an overlay on top of today's host-centric Internet. However,
there is a fundamental mismatch between the host-centric nature of
todays Internet and the information-centric nature of the IoT system.
To address this mismatch, we propose to build a common set of
protocols and services, which form an IoT platform, based on the
Information Centric Network (ICN) architecture, which we call ICN-IoT.
ICN-IoT leverages the salient features of ICN, and thus provides
seamless mobility support, security, scalability, and efficient
content and service delivery. This draft describes representative IoT
requirements and ICN challenges to realize a unified ICN-IoT
framework. Towards this, we first identify a list of important
requirements which a unified IoT architecture should have to support
tens of billions of objects, then we discuss how the current IP-IoT
overlay fails to meet these requirements, followed by discussion on
suitability of ICN for IoT. Though we see most of the IoT requirements
can be met by ICN, we discuss specific challenges ICN has to address
to satisfy them. Then we provide discussion of popular IoT scenarios
including the smart home, campus, grid, transportation
infrastructure, healthcare, Education, and Entertainment for
completeness, as specific scenarios requires appropriate design
choices and architectural considerations towards developing an ICN-IoT
solution.
Expression of <i>Erythrina corallodendron</i> lectin in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1992)

The cDNA of the Erythrina corallodendron lectin (ECorL) has been expressed in Escherichia coli. For this purpose, an NcoI site was inserted into the cDNA coding for the lectin precursor [Arango, R., Rozenblatt, S. & Sharon, N. (1990) FEBS Lett. 264, 109-112] immediately before the codon GTG (103-105) which codes for the N-terminal valine of the mature lectin. This introduced an ATG codon for a methionine preceding the valine. The mutated cDNA was ligated into pUC-8, then subcloned into the expression vector pET-3d, which carries a strong promoter derived from gene 10 of the phage T7. The recombinant plasmid was introduced into the E. coli lysogenic strain BL21(DE3). Recombinant ECorL was expressed by growing the bacteria in the presence of isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. Most of the recombinant lectin was found in an insoluble aggregated form as inclusion bodies and only a small part was in the culture medium in a soluble active form. Functional recombinant lectin was recovered from the inclusion bodies by solubilization with 6 M urea in cyclohexylaminopropane sulfonate pH 10.5, renaturation by 10-fold dilution in the same buffer and further adjustment of the pH to 8.0. The recombinant lectin, obtained at a yield of 4-7 mg/l culture, had, by gel filtration, a slightly lower molecular mass (56 kDa) than the native lectin, and was devoid of covalently linked carbohydrate; it was, however, essentially indistinguishable from native ECorL by other criteria, including its dimeric structure, Western blot analysis with anti-ECorL polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, and Ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis with polyclonal antibodies, as well as hemagglutinating activity and specificity for mono- or disaccharides.
A simple seismic imaging exercise (1998)

After years of teaching courses on seismic techniques, from introductory to advanced, I have observed two things: (1) we learn best when we can visualize a concept, and (2) we learn by doing, not by observing what others do (Mike Graul taught me this). I have let these two principles guide my development of this tutorial on imaging, which I have used many times in a course titled “Advances in seismic processing.” In this exercise I use a simple dipping reflector to develop the concepts of NMO, prestack time migration, DMO, and poststack migration, and show how they are closely interrelated. The specific geometry was suggested to me years ago by Joong Chun and, although I never saw his development of the full exercise, I’m sure it would have gone something like this. By the time you get to the last figure, you will all say: “But that is so obvious!” What you won’t appreciate is the blood, sweat, and tears I have put in to make it so obvious!
Action of Celgosivir (6<i>O</i>-Butanoyl Castanospermine) against the Pestivirus BVDV: Implications for the Treatment of Hepatitis C (2004)

Alpha-glucosidase I inhibitors have been shown to inhibit the replication of a broad range of enveloped viruses by preventing the correct folding of their envelope glycoproteins. This study assesses the potential of 6 O-butanoyl castanospermine (celgosivir) as a treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the absence of an adequate culture system for HCV, the closely related virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), was used as a surrogate model. Using both a plaque assay and a cytopathic effect assay, celgosivir (IC50 16 and 47 microM respectively) was shown to be more potent than N-nonyl DNJ (105 and 74 microM), castanospermine (110 and 367 microM) and N-butyl DNJ (> 250 and 550 microM). Of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors tested, only N-nonyl DNJ showed evidence of toxicity (CC50 > or = 120 microM). Two-way combinations of interferon-alpha, ribavirin and either celgosivir or castanospermine demonstrated that each could enhance the antiviral efficacy of the others, either additively or synergistically. The observation that the number of viral genomes released from BVDV-infected cells was inhibited by either castanospermine or celgosivir in parallel with the number of infectious units was taken as confirmation that these alpha-glucosidase I inhibitors block the production or release of flavivirus particles.
Cardiac Tamponade After Removal of Temporary Pacer Wires (2012)

Tamponade related to pacer wire removal was rare and not consistently associated with changes in vital signs. Dyspnea, bleeding, and other factors may indicate early onset of cardiac tamponade after removal of temporary pacer wires.
Biosynthesis of bioactive diterpenoids in the medicinal plant <i>Vitex agnus‐castus</i> (2018)

Vitex agnus-castus L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant historically used throughout the Mediterranean region to treat menstrual cycle disorders, and is still used today as a clinically effective treatment for premenstrual syndrome. The pharmaceutical activity of the plant extract is linked to its ability to lower prolactin levels. This feature has been attributed to the presence of dopaminergic diterpenoids that can bind to dopamine receptors in the pituitary gland. Phytochemical analyses of V. agnus-castus show that it contains an enormous array of structurally related diterpenoids and, as such, holds potential as a rich source of new dopaminergic drugs. The present work investigated the localisation and biosynthesis of diterpenoids in V. agnus-castus. With the assistance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), diterpenoids were localised to trichomes on the surface of fruit and leaves. Analysis of a trichome-specific transcriptome database, coupled with expression studies, identified seven candidate genes involved in diterpenoid biosynthesis: three class II diterpene synthases (diTPSs); three class I diTPSs; and a cytochrome P450 (CYP). Combinatorial assays of the diTPSs resulted in the formation of a range of different diterpenes that can account for several of the backbones of bioactive diterpenoids observed in V. agnus-castus. The identified CYP, VacCYP76BK1, was found to catalyse 16-hydroxylation of the diol-diterpene, peregrinol, to labd-13Z-ene-9,15,16-triol when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Notably, this product is a potential intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway towards bioactive furan- and lactone-containing diterpenoids that are present in this species.
A gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma. (2007)

Many human melanoma tumors express antigens that are recognized in vitro by cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) derived from the tumor-bearing patient. A gene was identified that directed the expression of antigen MZ2-E on a human melanoma cell line. This gene shows no similarity to known sequences and belongs to a family of at least three genes. It is expressed by the original melanoma cells, other melanoma cell lines, and by some tumor cells of other histological types. No expression was observed in a panel of normal tissues. Antigen MZ2-E appears to be presented by HLA-A1; anti-MZ2-E CTLs of the original patient recognized two melanoma cell lines of other HLA-A1 patients that expressed the gene. Thus, precisely targeted immunotherapy directed against antigen MZ2-E could be provided to individuals identified by HLA typing and analysis of the RNA of a small tumor sample.
Spinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) produces hyperalgesia in normal mice while antisense directed against either BDNF or trkB, prevent inflammation-induced hyperalgesia (2002)

Although known primarily for its role in neuronal development, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has also recently been implicated in processes mediated by the adult nervous system, such as spinal nociception. Peripheral inflammation increases expression of BDNF preferentially in dorsal root ganglion cells that contain substance P and/or calcitonin gene-related peptide, known nociceptive transmitters for which synthesis is also increased during inflammatory states. Expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor that selectively binds BDNF, trkB, is increased in the spinal dorsal horn during inflammation as well. Additionally, intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the BDNF-scavenging protein trkB-IgG attenuates inflammation-induced behavioral responses. Collectively, this evidence implicates BDNF in spinal nociceptive processes. Here we show that, in normal mice, i.t. BDNF produces an acute, dose-dependent thermal hyperalgesic response. Selective inhibition of BDNF expression by i.t. antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treatment produces antinociception in normal mice and attenuates carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia. Further, we demonstrate that i.t. antisense treatment directed against the full-length trkB receptor (trkB.FL) attenuates carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia. Consistent with a trkB.FL-mediated mechanism, the i.t. administration of another trkB ligand, neurotrophin-4/5, also produces hyperalgesia while the trkC agonist neurotrophin-3, which weakly cross-reacts with trkB, has little effect. Finally, with the accumulating evidence linking BDNF to synaptic plasticity, we investigated whether BDNF-induced hyperalgesia in normal mice involves the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Interestingly, i.t. co-administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-APV) with BDNF dose-dependently inhibits BDNF-induced hyperalgesia, suggesting that BDNF induces acute hyperalgesic responses and affects central sensitization in a process dependent on NMDA receptor activation.
EU FP6 IST-2003-507581 WINNER, D3.5 Proposal of the best Suited Deployment Concepts for the identified Scenarios and related RAN Protocols, Dec 2005 (2005)

D3.5 presents relaying as an integral part of the WINNER system concept. The relay based\ndeployment concept allows deploying the WINNER broadband radio interface cost efficiently. Suitable\nassumptions have been made on the technical solutions as guideline for the definition of protocol\nrequirements. The relay is presented as part of the overall WINNER system concept in the WINNER\nlogical nodes architecture. Further the logical nodes architecture and the relation between functions in\nsystem layers and specific logical nodes is shown. Protocols and functions are presented that are\nnecessary to implement relaying in the WINNER system concept. Therefore the protocols of different\nlayers namely the radio resource control layer, the radio link control layer and the medium access control\nlayer have been investigated in more detail, also under consideration of the physical layer aspects. In\naddition to that two add-on solutions to increase the efficiency of relay based technologies have been\ninvestigated and are described. These add-ons are cooperative relaying and mobile relays.
Thromboembolic disease during pregnancy: problems with anticoagulant therapy. (1990)

Thromboembolic complications of pregnancy and the puerperium deserve renewed attention not only because they are the most frequent nonobstetrical complications encountered in these circumstances, but also because of current litigious attitudes, the greater survival of women with prosthetic heart valves, and the inadequacy of current treatment regimens that put the physician, as well as the patient, in special peril. New techniques are available to the clinical laboratory for studying the coagulation and hypocoagulant proteins, coagulation inhibitors, and the fibrinolytic system. They provide fresh insight into this perplexing medical problem. Attention to the details of current investigations, efforts to control the risk factors, and the perspicacious use and suitable monitoring of pharmacological agents can be expected to reduce the risks for both the pregnant patient and her attending physicians.
Localization and functional analysis of transposon mutations in regulatory genes of the TOL catabolic pathway (1983)

Mutant derivatives of the TOL plasmid pWW0-161, containing Tn5 insertions in the xylS and xylR regulatory genes of the catabolic pathway, have been identified and characterized. The two genes are located together on a 1.5- to 3.0-kilobase segment of TOL, just downstream of genes of the enzymes of the meta-cleavage pathway. As predicted by a current model for regulation of the TOL catabolic pathway, benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, a representative enzyme of the upper (hydrocarbon leads to carboxylic acid) pathway, was induced by m-methylbenzyl alcohol in xylS mutant bacteria but not in a xylR mutant, whereas catechol 2,3-oxygenase, a representative enzyme of the lower (meta-cleavage) pathway, was induced by m-toluate in a xylR mutant but not in the xylS mutants. Unexpectedly, however, catechol 2,3-oxygenase was not induced by m-methylbenzyl alcohol in xylS mutants but was induced by benzyl alcohol and benzoate. These results indicate that expression of the TOL plasmid-encoded catabolic pathway is regulated by at least three control elements, two of which (the products of the xylS and xylR genes) interact in the induction of the lower pathway by methylated hydrocarbons and alcohols and one of which responds only to nonmethylated substrates.
[Association of gastric emptying with ghrelin, obestatin and receptor (GHSR, GPR-39) in hypothalamus of diabetic rats]. (2010)

The rapid gastric emptying may be due to the rising levels of ghrelin and GHSR in hypothalamus during early hyperglycemia. And the duration of hyperglycemia is affected by the rising ratio of ghrelin/obestatin.
Intracorneal ring: A good alternative to LASIK? (2007)

I have been developing a new technology for the surgical treatment of myopia for some years now and I presented the results with my first set of patients at this year's ASCRS congress in San Diego, USA. Overall, I believe that this new, minimally invasive method of surgery could present a feasible alternative to invasive LASIK and intraocular surgery in moderate to high myopes.
Hemoglobin CC erythrocytes: decreased intracellular pH and decreased O2 affinity--anemia. (1976)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>
Magnesium therapy of cardiac arrhythmias in critical-care medicine. (1989)

A common complication of critically ill patients is cardiac tachyarrhythmia. The role played by magnesium is not well appreciated. Well-documented cases indicated that magnesium may be effective in controlling the rhythm when conventional methods fail. The following tachyarrhythmias respond favorably to magnesium: (1) intractable ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, whether hypo- or normomagnesemic, (2) torsades de pointes, (3) digitalis-toxic ventricular tachyarrhythmia, (4) multifocal atrial tachycardia and (5) hypomagnesemic atrial tachyarrhythmia. It is recommended that 10-15 ml of 20% MgSO4 be infused over 1 min, followed by 500 ml of 2% MgSO4 over 5 h. A second 500 ml over 10 h may be necessary. Renal failure, disappearance of deep tendon reflex, rise in serum Mg above 5 mEq/l, drop in systolic blood pressure below 80 or drop in pulse below 60 contraindicate the continued use of magnesium. If serum potassium is at or falls below 4.0 mEq/l, 20-40 mEq/l KCl should be added. Magnesium deficiency can be confirmed by a low serum level or by a greater than 50% retention of administered magnesium. The causes of magnesium deficiency can be remembered under 10 DS: (1) Diarrhea and gastrointestinal losses, (2) Diuretics and renal losses, (3) Diabetes and endocrine causes, (4) Dietary lack, (5) Diverted to free fatty acids, (6) Drugs such as cisplatin, (7) Drinking alcohol to excess, (8) Delivery with toxemia, (9) Decompensated heart, lungs or liver and (10) Denuded skin, such as burns.
Electron cyclotron resonance heating of plasmas in tandem mirrors (1981)

The feasibility of heating tandem-mirror devices with microwaves near the electron cyclotron frequency or its harmonic is examined. Ray-tracing calculations are performed to find the optimal angle of wave launching for maximal absorption. It is found that the mirror plugs of present-day tandem-mirror devices can be heated effectively via the extraordinary mode, and that in the next generation of devices both the ordinary and the extraordinary mode of propagation can be used. Presently available gyrotrons can be used as sources of microwave energy in these experiments.
Radiation damage in cesium iodide and other scintillating crystals (1992)

Radiation damage in scintillating crystals is discussed in terms of how it can affect the performance of crystals used in a high resolution electromagnetic calorimeter. An attempt is made to identify certain principle causes of damage and describe how these may affect various parameters such as light output, energy resolution and noise. A discussion of radiation damage in barium fluoride is given as an example of how these effects can be understood and how the radiation hardness of a given crystal can be improved. Radiation damage in doped and undoped cesium iodide is compared in order to distinguish between damage occurring in the undoped material and those which could be caused by dopants such as sodium or thallium. New results on radiation damage in both doped and undoped CsI are also discussed.
A Role for Polysialic Acid in Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Heterophilic Binding to Proteoglycans (1998)

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is known to participate in both homophilic and heterophilic binding, the latter including mechanisms that involve interaction with proteoglycans. The polysialic acid (PSA) moiety of NCAM can serve as a negative regulator of homophilic binding, but indirect evidence has suggested that PSA can also be involved in heterophilic binding. We have examined this potential positive role for PSA in terms of the adhesion of PSA-expressing mouse F11 cells and chick embryonic brain cells to substrates composed of the purified heparan sulfate proteoglycans agrin and 6C4. This adhesion was specifically inhibited by polyclonal anti-NCAM Fab antibodies, monoclonal anti-PSA antibodies, PSA itself, and enzymatic removal of either PSA or heparan sulfate side chains. By contrast, the adhesion was not affected by chondroitinase, and cell binding to laminin was not inhibited by any of these treatments. A specific NCAM-heparan sulfate interaction in this adhesion was further indicated by its inhibition with monoclonal anti-NCAM Fab antibodies that recognize the known heparin-binding domain of NCAM and with the HBD-2 peptide derived from this region, but not with antibodies directed against other regions of the protein including the homophilic binding region. Together, the results suggest that PSA can act in vitro either as a receptor in NCAM heterophilic adhesion or as a promoter of binding between heparan sulfate proteoglycans and the NCAM heparin-binding domain.
Composite Particle Swarm Optimizer With Historical Memory for Function Optimization (2015)

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is a population-based stochastic optimization technique. It is characterized by the collaborative search in which each particle is attracted toward the global best position (gbest) in the swarm and its own best position (pbest). However, all of particles' historical promising pbests in PSO are lost except their current pbests. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel composite PSO algorithm, called historical memory-based PSO (HMPSO), which uses an estimation of distribution algorithm to estimate and preserve the distribution information of particles' historical promising pbests. Each particle has three candidate positions, which are generated from the historical memory, particles' current pbests, and the swarm's gbest. Then the best candidate position is adopted. Experiments on 28 CEC2013 benchmark functions demonstrate the superiority of HMPSO over other algorithms.
A conditional knockout mouse model reveals endothelial cells as the principal and possibly exclusive source of plasma factor VIII (2014)

The cellular source of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) remains controversial. Like many coagulation proteins, FVIII is produced in the liver, and FVIII synthesis has long been associated with hepatocytes. But extrahepatic synthesis also occurs, and mounting evidence suggests that hepatocytes are not responsible for FVIII production. To determine the tissue that synthesizes FVIII, we developed a Cre/lox-dependent conditional knockout (KO) model in which exons 17 and 18 of the murine factor VIII gene (F8) are flanked by loxP sites, or floxed (F8(F)). In cells expressing Cre-recombinase, the floxed sequence is deleted, resulting in F8(F→KO) gene inactivation. When F8(F) mice were crossed with various tissue-specific Cre strains, we found that hepatocyte-specific F8-KO mice are indistinguishable from controls, whereas efficient endothelial-KO models display a severe hemophilic phenotype with no detectable plasma FVIII activity. A hematopoietic Cre model was more equivocal, so experimental bone marrow transplantation was used to examine hematopoietic FVIII synthesis. FVIII(null) mice that received bone marrow transplants from wild-type donors were still devoid of plasma FVIII activity after hematopoietic donor cell engraftment. Our results indicate that endothelial cells are the predominant, and possibly exclusive, source of plasma FVIII.