gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging Technology, 2. Copying and Nonimpact Printing Processes (2011)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Office Copying and Printing 1.1. Electrophotography 1.1.1. Photoreceptor 1.1.2. Corotron Charging 1.1.3. Light Exposure 1.1.4. Image Development 1.1.5. Image Transfer and Fusing 1.1.6. Photoreceptor Cleaning and Erase 1.1.7. Other Electrophotographic Imaging Systems 1.2. Thermographic Printing 1.2.1. Thermal Print Transducers 1.2.2. Resistive Ribbon Technology 1.2.3. Imaging Materials and Mechanisms 1.2.4. Comparison of Thermal Technologies 1.3. Ink‐Jet Printing 1.3.1. Continuous Ink Jet 1.3.2. Impulse (Drop‐on‐Demand) Ink Jet 1.3.3. Ink‐Jet Nozzle Orifice 1.3.4. Ink‐Jet Inks 1.3.5. Colorants Used in Ink Jet Inks 1.3.6. Color Printing with Ink Jets 2. Technical Copying 2.1. Diazotyping 2.1.1. Photolysis 2.1.2. Coupling Reaction 2.1.3. Production of Diazotyping Material 2.1.4. Processing 2.2. Other Photochemical Systems 2.3. Silver Process 2.3.1. Black and White Copying Materials Based on Silver Diffusion Transfer Technology 2.3.2. Modern Lithographic Printing Applications 2.3.3. Color‐Copying Materials Based on Dye Diffusion Chemistry 3. Microfilms and Microfiches 3.1. Diazotyping 3.2. Vesicular Film
Stability properties of constrained queueing systems and scheduling policies for maximum throughput in multihop radio networks (1990)

The stability of a queuing network with interdependent servers is considered. The dependency among the servers is described by defining subsets of servers that can be activated simultaneously. Packet radio networks provide the motivation for the consideration of these systems. The problem of scheduling server activation under the constraints imposed by the dependency among them is studied. The stability region of the network under a specific scheduling policy is the set of vectors of arrival rates in the queues of the system for which the stochastic process of the queue lengths is ergodic. The 'supremum' (i.e., union) of the stability regions over all the policies is characterized. Then a scheduling policy is specified, the stability region of which is equal to the union of the stability regions over all the policies. Finally, the behavior of the network for arrival rates outside the stability region is studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Carbon/Nutrient Balance of Boreal Plants in Relation to Vertebrate Herbivory (1983)

John P. Bryant, F. Stuart Chapin, III, David R. Klein, Carbon/Nutrient Balance of Boreal Plants in Relation to Vertebrate Herbivory, Oikos, Vol. 40, No. 3, Herbivore-Plant Interactions at Northern Latitudes. Proceedings of a Symposium Held 14-18 September, 1981, at Kevo, Finland (May, 1983), pp. 357-368
Strategies for Measuring Stress in Studies of Psychiatric and Physical Disorders (1995)

Abstract Stress has long been a major focus among researchers interested in environmental and psychosocial influences on health. However, the way in which the term “stress” has been used in this voluminous literature has not been consistent. Indeed, some commentators have gone as far as to argue that the term stress has so many different meanings that it has become a useless concept (Ader, 1980; Elliot & Eisdorfer, 1982). Although we disagree with this premise, we recognize that there is confusion about the meaning and measurement of stress. This volume attempts to clear up some of that confusion by providing conceptual and practical advice for formulating questions about the relation between stress and disease and for selecting appropriate stress measures to test these questions.
Characteristics of pancreatic exocrine secretion produced by venom from the Brazilian scorpion, Tityus serrulatus. (1992)

The influence of venom (TSV) from the Brazilian scorpion, Tityus serrulatus, on exocrine pancreatic secretion was studied in relation to known cholinergic and peptidergic secretagogue activity. Pulse-labeling followed by chase incubation in the presence of secretagogues and various pharmacological agents revealed unique physiological characteristics of TSV in guinea pig pancreatic lobules. Exocytotic discharge of newly synthesized 3H-labeled proteins during a 3-h chase incubation showed a marked increase over basal discharge levels using logarithmic TSV doses of 0.10 to 100 micrograms/ml. This stimulation was comparable to maximal values elicited by carbachol, cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) or caerulein and discharge kinetics were similar. TSV-mediated secretion was ATP and calcium dependent and partially inhibited by atropine. Only tetrodotoxin completely blocked TSV stimulation of newly synthesized protein discharge. Both botulinum toxin and curare had no effect on venom stimulation, indicating that TSV interaction with exocrine pancreatic cells occurs postsynaptically. Verapamil, a calcium channel antagonist, produced a moderate inhibition of TSV stimulation. When antagonists to the cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor were incubated with TSV, no change in secretory activity occurred. Therefore, TSV does not bind to CCK receptors and probably operates through its own receptor which may be an ion channel. Additionally, morphological studies in vitro revealed a high level of pancreatic secretory activity as evidenced by dense secretory acinar luminal content, reduction in zymogen granule (ZG) population, and development of exocytotic images.
A model for predicting room occupancy based on motion sensor data (2020)

When designing a large scale IoT ecosystem, it is important to provide economical solutions at all levels, from sensors and actuators to the software used for analytics and orchestration. It is of equal importance to provide non-intrusive solutions that do not violate users' privacy, but above all, it is important to guarantee the accuracy and integrity of the provided solution. In this work, we present a research prototype solution that has been developed as part of an ongoing project called (EM)3. The project involves IoT sensors and actuators, realtime data analytics modules and cutting edge recommendation algorithms in an ecosystem that improves energy efficiency in office buildings. The main concept of the (EM) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> is to recommend energy saving actions at the right moment to the right user. At the core of the (EM) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> vision is to detect when is the right moment for an energy saving action and sensors play a vital role in this. This article focuses on the model that predicts room occupancy using only data from a motion sensor. The predictions of the model, are used to trigger automations and notifications that turn-off office devices (e.g. air conditioning, lights, monitors, etc.) as soon as the office becomes empty, or a few minutes before this happens, in order to further promote efficient energy consumption habits. The evaluation of the model, using data from a camera sensor for validation, demonstrates a very low error rate and a very short delay on the detection of when the room is actually empty.
A 64-channel pixel readout chip for dynamic X-ray imaging (1996)

A semiconductor hybrid pixel detector for 2D dynamic X-ray imaging has been developed. A new concept with integrated counters in each cell is presented. The aim is to acquire 12-bit images with a maximum speed of about 100 frames per second. The size of the pixel is a trade-off between spatial resolution and amount of implemented logic, and is presently chosen to be 250 /spl mu/m/spl times/250 /spl mu/m. The 8/spl times/8-channel prototype readout chip is described. Test results from functional tests and measurements with a silicon sensor wirebonded to the chip are presented.
Man-Made Vitreous Fibers: An Overview of Studies on Their Biologic Effects (1986)

Clinical and roentgenologic studies have not shown that workers in the MMVF industry have demonstrable pulmonary changes attributable to MMVF exposures. Large scale international experimental studies have demonstrated that MMVF cause neither lung cancer, mesothelioma nor lung fibrosis when inhaled by rats. Other studies have confirmed this and extended these findings also to monkeys and hamsters. Epidemiologic studies on a total of over 40,000 workers in the MMVF industry have failed to demonstrate that exposure to MMVF is associated with a significantly increased risk of death from lung cancer or nonmalignant respiratory disease.
Effect of Ge-composition on the frequency response of a <inline-formula><math altimg="none" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mrow><mi>Si</mi><mo>∕</mo><msub><mi>Si</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mi>Ge</mi><mi>y</mi></msub></mrow></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math altimg="none" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi><mtext>‐</mtext><mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi><mtext>‐</mtext><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></math></inline-formula> photodetector (2006)

The effect of Ge-composition on the transit-time limited frequency response of a vertical Si/Si1?yGey P-i-N photodetector has been investigated. The change in Ge-content (y) causes the changes in properties of the SiGe layer and the Si/SiGe interfaces and, hence, affects the transit time of carriers in the Si/SiGe photodetector. The results obtained from the analysis show that at low bias, the bandwidth of the photodetector initially increases with increase in Ge-content, but after an optimum value of Ge-content, the bandwidth starts decreasing. This optimum value increases with increase in applied bias.
Early evolution of metazoan serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases: identification of selected kinases in marine sponges (1997)

The phylum Porifera (sponges) was the first to diverge from the common ancestor of the Metazoa. In this study, six cDNAs coding for protein-serine/threonine kinases (PS/TKs) are presented; they have been isolated from libraries obtained from the demosponges Geodia cydonium and Suberites domuncula and from the calcareous sponge Sycon raphanus. Sequence alignments of the catalytic domains revealed that two major families of PS/TK, the "conventional" (Ca(2+)-dependent) protein kinase C (PKC), the cPKC subfamily, as well as the "novel" (Ca(2+)-independent) PKC (nPKC), form two separate clusters. In each cluster, the sequence from S. raphanus diverges first. To approach the question about the origin of protein-tyrosine kinases (PTK), which are found only in Metazoa, we analyzed two additional PS/TKs which have been cloned from S. domuncula: the stress-responsive protein kinase (KRSvSD) and the protein-kinase-C-related kinase (PRKvSD). The construction of the phylogenetic tree, comprising the eight PS/TKs and the PTK cloned previously from G. cydonium, revealed that the PTK derived from the branch including the KRSvSD kinase. These data facilitate the first molecular approach to elucidate the origin of metazoan PTK within the PS/TK superfamily.
Abductin: A Rubber-Like Protein from the Internal Triangular Hinge Ligament of <i>Pecten</i> (1967)

The rubber-like internal triangular hinge ligament from Pecten was studied by light and electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and chemical analysis. The ligament is composed of an amorphous protein, abductin. In physical properties abductin is similar to elastin and resilin but distinct by amino acid analysis. It is characterized by high concentrations of glycine and methionine.
Risk factors in early childhood for the development of atopic diseases (1994)

Björkstén B. Risk factors in early childhood for the development of atopic diseases.
Strong paper from spruce CTMP – Part II: Effect of pressing at nip press temperatures above the lignin softening temperature (2018)

Abstract The main objective of the current study was to demonstrate that it is possible to enhance strength properties of sheets from spruce HT-CTMP and CTMP furnishes up to the same level as is common on sheets from softwood kraft pulps by changing conditions in papermaking. To achieve that, sheets of spruce HT-CTMP and CTMP were consolidated at densities close to that of the reference bleach kraft pulp by pressing at press nip temperatures well above the tack and softening temperatures of lignin. On sheets from spruce CTMP (CSF 420 ml), where the fibers were surface treated with cationic starch, it was possible to reach tensile index at the same level as on sheets from the untreated reference kraft pulp. The compression strength (SCT) of CTMP and HT-CTMP sheets, which were achieved at the highest press nip temperature (200 °C) in the study, was equal to or higher than that of the reference kraft pulp sheets. The results show that there is a great yet unexploited potential in papermaking from spruce HT-CTMP and CTMP furnishes, which could be utilized in manufacturing of products where very high requirements upon strength is demanded.
Mitochondrial Targets of Drug Toxicity (2000)

Mitochondria have long been recognized as the generators of energy for the cell. Like any other power source, however, mitochondria are highly vulnerable to inhibition or uncoupling of the energy harnessing process and run a high risk for catastrophic damage to the cell. The exquisite structural and functional characteristics of mitochondria provide a number of primary targets for xenobiotic-induced bioenergetic failure. They also provide opportunities for selective delivery of drugs to the mitochondrion. In light of the large number of natural, commercial, pharmaceutical, and environmental chemicals that manifest their toxicity by interfering with mitochondrial bioenergetics, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms. The significance is further underscored by the recent identification of bioenergetic control points for cell replication and differentiation and the realization that mitochondria play a determinant role in cell signaling and apoptotic modes of cell death.
Clinical Epidemiology: A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine. (1991)

I might have guessed that a book dedicated to H.L. Mencken, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., Douglas Adams, and the Emperor's New Clothes would be fun to read. It was! Readers will sense the authors' enthusiasm for their subject on each page, from the preface to the final chapter. The authors prepared this book for users rather than doers of clinical research. Physicians and others who wish to recognize key clinical epidemiologic features of the diagnosis and management of patients will benefit from reading Clinical Epidemiology. Those who wish to conduct actual research studies will need to look elsewhere for a detailed discussion of clinical epidemiologic methodology. In this review, I will mention
Zinc, a regulator of islet function and glucose homeostasis (2009)

It is well known that zinc is required in pancreatic beta-cells in the process of insulin biosynthesis and the maturation of insulin secretory granules. In fact, the zinc level in pancreatic islets is amongst the highest in the body and reduction in its levels in the pancreas has been associated with diabetes. High concentrations of zinc can also be toxic because of enhanced oxidative damage. The link between zinc, diabetes and islet dysfunction has recently been reiterated by genomewide association studies that identified an islet cell membrane zinc transporter, SLC30A8 (ZnT8), as one of the risk loci for type 2 diabetes. Here we explore the importance of both zinc and ZnT8 to islet biology and whole body glucose homeostasis.
Dual nature of the excited state in organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites (2014)

A dual nature of the excited state of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskites is discovered, which fully identifies the spectral features in transient spectroscopy.
Sterben und Tod. Fragen und Antworten im Hinduismus, Buddhismus und Christentum (2005)

Obwohl Leiden und Tod als biologische Vorgange anthropologische Konstanten sind, werden diese durch kulturelle Parameter gedeutet, die dem Wechsel der Geschichte unterliegen. Entsprechend werden Sterben und Tod in verschiedenen Religionen unterschiedlich erlebt, abhangig von deren Vorstellungen von Raum und Zeit sowie den sozialen Beziehungen. Bei aller sonstigen Verschiedenheit eignet den Antworten der Religionen auf Endlichkeit und Tod eine gemeinsame Sehnsucht nach Vollendung.
Molecular Genetic Analyses of Plant Polyamines (1998)

Polyamines are small, positively charged aliphatic amines that play a variety of roles in plant physiology. Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are usually what are collectively meant by the term polyamines, although plants also have a variety of other related compounds and secondary product conjugates to polyamines. Organisms synthesize putrescine, spermidine, and spermine by pathways leading from ornithine, arginine, and SAM, with three of the important enzymes being amino acid decarboxylases. There has been recent progress in understanding plant polyamines, both their function and the regulation of their synthesis, as a result of molecular genetic investigations. The cDNAs for many of the key enzymes have been cloned and se-quenced, and studies on regulation of the enzymes have begun. Mutational and transgenic approaches are being used to perturb the pathway. Some of the phenotypes observed suggest interactions between polyamines and either ethylene or cytokinin, consistent with some of the correlations observed many years previously by polyamine physiologists. These studies, while still in their early stages, should improve our understanding of polyamine synthesis, but difficult problems remain to be solved before we can answer the question: What are the biological functions and associated mechanisms of action of polyamines?
A Two-Choice Water Recirculation Tank for Assessing Chemosensory Preferences of Landlocked Sea Lampreys (1986)

Abstract A two-choice preference tank designed for assessing the responses of landlocked sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) to potential chemical attractants and repellents is described. The solutions in the experimental and control compartments of the tank are recirculated at the same rate permitting small quantities of substances to be tested at constant concentrations. No mixing between the two compartments was observed during 90-min dye tests. This tank should be suitable for preference tests with other aquatic organisms, similar in size to landlocked sea lampreys. Color-coded fluorescent tags, which permit identification of individual lampreys under ultraviolet illumination, and a simple timing system, which allows the time spent in the experimental compartment to be monitored for six lampreys, are also described.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake and Tumor Hypoxia: Revisit 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose in Oncology Application (2014)

Glucose demand ((18)F-FDG uptake) in severely hypoxic ascites carcinomas and hypoxic portion of larger tumors is significantly higher than in normoxic cancer cells. Warburg effect originally obtained from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma may not apply to normoxic cancer cells. Our findings may benefit the better understanding of (18)F-FDG PET in oncology application.
Proteomic Analysis of High-Grade Dysplastic Cervical Cells Obtained from ThinPrep Slides Using Laser Capture Microdissection and Mass Spectrometry (2007)

The purpose of this discovery phase study was to identify candidate protein biomarkers for high-grade dysplastic cervical cells using mass spectrometry. Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) was utilized to isolate high-grade dysplastic and normal cells from ThinPrep slides prepared from cervical cytological specimens. Following cell capture, samples were solubilized and proteins separated by gel electrophoresis in preparation for enzymatic digestion and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS). Processed samples were subsequently analyzed using a linear ion trap coupled with a Fourier transform mass spectrometer (LTQ-FT MS). It was determined that both PreservCyt Solution and ThinPrep Pap Stain (Cytyc Corporation) were compatible with the sample processing and LC-MS analysis. In total, from 9 normal and 9 abnormal cervical cytological specimens, more than 1000 unique proteins were identified with high confidence, based on approximately 12,000 captured cells per specimen. Quantitative protein differences between HSIL (High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion) and NILM (Negative for Intraepithelial Lesions or Malignancy) samples were determined by comparing the intensities of the representative (label-free) peptide ions. More than 200 proteins were found to exhibit a 3-fold difference in protein level. Interestingly, significant up-regulation of nuclear and mitochondrial proteins in HSIL specimens was noted. In several cases, the increased protein abundance observed in high-grade cells, as determined by quantitative LC-MS, was validated by immunocytochemical methods using ThinPrep cervical specimens. With the study of additional clinical specimens, the differential abundance of proteins in high-grade dysplastic cells versus morphologically normal cervical cells may lead to validated novel biomarkers for cervical disease.
Circadian misalignment increases cardiovascular disease risk factors in humans (2016)

Shift work is a risk factor for hypertension, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. This increased risk cannot be fully explained by classic risk factors. One of the key features of shift workers is that their behavioral and environmental cycles are typically misaligned relative to their endogenous circadian system. However, there is little information on the impact of acute circadian misalignment on cardiovascular disease risk in humans. Here we show-by using two 8-d laboratory protocols-that short-term circadian misalignment (12-h inverted behavioral and environmental cycles for three days) adversely affects cardiovascular risk factors in healthy adults. Circadian misalignment increased 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 3.0 mmHg and 1.5 mmHg, respectively. These results were primarily explained by an increase in blood pressure during sleep opportunities (SBP, +5.6 mmHg; DBP, +1.9 mmHg) and, to a lesser extent, by raised blood pressure during wake periods (SBP, +1.6 mmHg; DBP, +1.4 mmHg). Circadian misalignment decreased wake cardiac vagal modulation by 8-15%, as determined by heart rate variability analysis, and decreased 24-h urinary epinephrine excretion rate by 7%, without a significant effect on 24-h urinary norepinephrine excretion rate. Circadian misalignment increased 24-h serum interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, resistin, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels by 3-29%. We demonstrate that circadian misalignment per se increases blood pressure and inflammatory markers. Our findings may help explain why shift work increases hypertension, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease risk.