gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Realization of 35 GHz Steerable Reflectarray using Highly Anisotropic Liquid Crystal (2006)

This paper investigates the realization of reconfigurable reflectarrays based on tunable liquid crystals (LC). Two different concepts of unit cells using highly anisotropic LC have been designed and measured, showing good results and the possibility of employing them in a full-scale reflectarray. A 16 times 16 fixed beam microstrip reflectarray has been developed and measured, in order to verify the feeding concept. Good agreement is obtained between simulation and measurement
Combinatorial Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Tungsten‐Based Mixed‐Metal Oxides. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Biological activity of lycopene metabolites: implications for cancer prevention (2008)

While early studies focused on the potential roles in health and disease of provitamin A carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, research over the past decade has provided a framework for our understanding of the functions of non-provitamin A carotenoids such as lycopene, especially in regards to its association with a reduced risk of a number of chronic diseases, including cancer. Recent data suggests that lycopene metabolites may possess specific biological activities on several important cellular signaling pathways and molecular targets. Carotenoid metabolites may have more important biological roles than their parent compounds in human health and disease. This notion has been reinforced by the observation of both beneficial and detrimental effects of carotenoid metabolites in cancer prevention.
Fabrication and Characterization of Heparin-Grafted Poly-<scp>l</scp>-lactic acid–Chitosan Core–Shell Nanofibers Scaffold for Vascular Gasket (2013)

Electrospun nanofibers were widely studied to be applied as potential materials for tissue engineering. A new technology to make poly-l-lactic acid/chitosan core/shell nanofibers from heterologous solution by coaxial electrospinning technique was designed for vascular gasket. Chitosan surface was cross-linked by genipin and modified by heparin. Different ratios of PLA/CS in heterologous solution were studied to optimize the surface morphology of fibers. Clean core-shell structures formed with a PLA/CS ratio at 1:3. Superior biocompatibility and mechanical properties were obtained by optimizing the core-shell structure morphology and surface cross-linking of chitosan. UE7T-13 cells grew well on the core-shell structure fibers as indicated by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) results and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Compared with the pure PLA fiber meshes and commercial vascular patch, PLA/CS core-shell fibers had better mechanical strength. The elastic modulus was as high as 117.18 MPa, even though the yield stress of the fibers was lower than that of the commercial vascular patch. Attachment of red blood cell on the fibers was evaluated by blood anticoagulation experiments and in vitro blood flow experiments. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) value from PLA/CS nanofibers were significantly longer than that of pure PLA fibers. SEM images indicated there were hardly any red blood cells attached to the fibers with chitosan coating and heparin modification. This type of fiber mesh could potentially be used as vascular gasket.
Encoding of Korean characters with less radix in format-preserving encryption (2015)

In this paper, we suggest how to efficiently convert a Korean character string into an encoded numeral string for format-preserving encryption (FPE). We also present a decoding method that transforms the encoded numeral string into the data string with the original format. When Korean characters as well as English alphabets, numbers, and special characters are used in letters consisting of input of FPE, a radix by using our proposal is just 189 in EUC-KR and 163 in UTF-8, while the existing sequential encoding method requires radix 2,445 and 11,267, respectively. According to our proposal, the plaintext string containing Korean character encrypts the ciphertext string that retains its original length. Likewise, the ciphertext string decrypts the plaintext string with the same length and character type. Moreover, less radix than the existing method offers the better FPE performance.
The Preparation and Utility of Bis(sulfinyl)imidoamidine Ligands for the Copper-Catalyzed Diels−Alder Reaction (2002)

The design and preparation of a novel class of ligands based on the sulfinyl imine functionality is described. In particular, an efficient and modular synthesis of bis(sulfinyl)imidoamidine (siam) ligands is reported. The versatility of the synthetic sequence is demonstrated by the preparation of various analogues to explore the effect of substitution about the ligand framework on catalytic activity. The utility of the siam ligands in asymmetric catalysis is demonstrated in the Cu(II)-catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction where highly enantio- and diastereoselective reactions are reported for a range of N-acyloxazolidinone dienophile and diene substrate combinations. Of particular note is the efficiency of these asymmetric catalysts for reactions involving challenging and relatively unreactive acyclic diene substrates. Finally, structural data are provided for several ligands as well as metal-ligand complexes.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents from Plants: Progress and Potential (2012)

The identification of substances that can promote the resolution of inflammation in a way that is homeostatic, modulatory, efficient, and well-tolerated by the body is of fundamental importance. Traditional medicines have long provided front-line pharmacotherapy for many millions of people worldwide. Medicinal extracts are a rich source of therapeutic leads for the pharmaceutical industry. The use of medicinal plant therapies to treat chronic illness, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is thus widespread and on the rise.The aim of this review is to present recent progress in clinical anti-inflammatory studies of plant extracts and compound leads such as green tea polyphenols, curcumin, resveratrol, boswellic acid, and cucurbitacins, among others, against chronic inflammatory diseases, mainly RA and IBD. In this context, the present paper also highlights the most promising experimental data on those plant extracts and pure compounds active in animal models of the aforementioned diseases.
The Interactions of Silane and Zirconate Coupling Agents with Calcium Carbonate (2006)

The present work deals with the study of the structure and the form of the deposit on calcium carbonate of two types of silane coupling agents and a zirconate one. The structure of the deposited layers as well as their interactions with the filler were investigated by means of Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy. The extent of the recovery was determined using the dissolution method, which allowed the authors to measure the adsorbed quantity and to estimate the molecular area occupied by each coupling agent as well as the orientation of the molecules on the surface of CaCO3. The structure of the aminosilane layers deposited on calcium carbonate appeared to be greatly influenced by the initial conditions of treatments. These include the pH, the concentration of the aqueous bath of impregnation, duration, and method of application. The results showed the formation of structures polymerized on the surface of CaCO3 and the deposit was composed of monomers and oligomers that were both physisorbed and chemisorbed. The study of the chemical structure of the zirconate agent that was deposited on the surface of CaCO3 showed that a monomolecular layer was chemically adsorbed. The physisorbed part was mainly constituted of monomers that were soluble in the solvent used for the extraction.
Location-Aware Security Services for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Network Coding (2007)

Security services such as data confidentiality, authenticity, and availability are critical in wireless sensor networks deployed in adversarial environments. Due to the resource constrains of sensor nodes, the existing protocols currently in use in ad-hoc networks cannot be employed in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a protocol called location-aware network coding security (LNCS) that provides all the aforementioned security services. By dividing the terrain into non-overlapping cells, the nodes take advantage of the location information to derive different location binding keys. An event in the field is sensed by several nodes and aggregated by all of them. Using a secret sharing algorithm, the aggregated information is divided into several shares that are forwarded toward the sink in a cell-by-cell fashion. The key idea in LNCS is that all the nodes involved in the protocol collaborate in every phase. We employ random network coding in our scheme to provide data availability significantly higher than that in other schemes. To generate authentication information, a hash tree is constructed on the generated packets. The packets that fail the authenticity test are considered as bogus and filtered enroute. Every node transmits only a small fraction of the generated packets along the corresponding authentication information to the next cell. The sink is the final entity being able to reconstruct the original message using a few shares of the message. We have provided a comparison between our scheme and previously proposed schemes. The results reveal significant improvement in data availability while maintaining the same level of data confidentiality and authenticity.
Favourite isms and NHS posts (1992)

We are all aware of the prejudices everywhere in society - sexism, ageism, racism the list is endless.
User-Generated Free-Form Gestures for Authentication: Security and Memorability (2014)

This paper studies the security and memorability of free-form multitouch gestures for mobile authentication. Towards this end, we collected a dataset with a generate-test-retest paradigm where participants (N=63) generated free-form gestures, repeated them, and were later retested for memory. Half of the participants decided to generate one-finger gestures, and the other half generated multi-finger gestures. Although there has been recent work on template-based gestures, there are yet no metrics to analyze security of either template or free-form gestures. For example, entropy-based metrics used for text-based passwords are not suitable for capturing the security and memorability of free-form gestures. Hence, we modify a recently proposed metric for analyzing information capacity of continuous full-body movements for this purpose. Our metric computed estimated mutual information in repeated sets of gestures. Surprisingly, one-finger gestures had higher average mutual information. Gestures with many hard angles and turns had the highest mutual information. The best-remembered gestures included signatures and simple angular shapes. We also implemented a multitouch recognizer to evaluate the practicality of free-form gestures in a real authentication system and how they perform against shoulder surfing attacks. We conclude the paper with strategies for generating secure and memorable free-form gestures, which present a robust method for mobile authentication.
Pregnancy and disability. (1993)

Recently, increasing numbers of women with disabilities are deciding to become pregnant. Several issues pertaining to pregnancy and disability are discussed, and a woman's personal account of her experiences of pregnancy, labor, and delivery after being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis is provided. Specific issues related to her experiences with the health care system are addressed. These include access to health care, self-care practices, sexuality, contraception, prenatal counseling, and parenting. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Roles of the N and C Terminal Domains of the Interleukin-3 Receptor α Chain in Receptor Function (1997)

The interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-5 receptor alpha chains are each composed of three extracellular domains, a transmembrane domain and a short intracellular region. Domains 2 and 3 constitute the cytokine receptor module (CRM), typical of the cytokine receptor superfamily; however, the function of the N-terminal domain is not known. We have investigated the functions of the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of the IL-3 receptor (IL-3R) alpha chain. We find that cells transfected with the receptor beta chain (h beta c) and a truncated IL-3R alpha that is devoid of the intracellular region fail to proliferate or to activate STAT5 in response to human IL-3, despite binding the IL-3 with affinity indistinguishable from that of full-length receptor. In addition, IL-3-induced phosphorylation of h beta c was not detected. Thus, the IL-3R alpha intracellular region does not contribute detectably to stabilization of the receptor/ligand complex, but is essential for signal propagation. In contrast, a truncated IL-3R alpha with the N-terminal domain deleted interacts functionally with the beta chain; mouse cells transfected with these receptor chains proliferate in response to human IL-3 and STAT5 transcription factor is activated. High- and low-affinity binding sites are retained, although the affinity for IL-3 is decreased 15-fold, indicating a significant role for the N-terminal domain in IL-3 binding.
Endocrine Causes of Age‐Related Bone Loss and Osteoporosis (2002)

Women have an early postmenopausal phase of rapid bone loss that lasts for 5-10 years after menopause, whereas both ageing women and men have a slow continuous phase of bone loss that lasts indefinitely. In women, the rapid phase is mediated mainly by loss of the direct restraining effect of oestrogen on bone cell function, whereas the slow phase is mediated mainly by the loss of oestrogen action on extraskeletal calcium homeostasis leading to net calcium wasting and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Because elderly men have low serum bioavailable oestrogen and testosterone levels, and because recent data suggest that oestrogen is the main sex steroid regulating bone metabolism in men, oestrogen deficiency may also be the principal cause of bone loss in elderly men. Decreased bone formation contributes to bone loss in both genders and may be caused by a decreased production of growth hormone and IGF1 as well as oestrogen and testosterone deficiency. Other changes in endocrine secretion, although present in the elderly, seem less important in the pathophysiology of age-related bone loss and osteoporosis.
An Antibody From a Patient With Ranitidine-Induced Thrombocytopenia Recognizes a Site on Glycoprotein IX That Is a Favored Target for Drug-Induced Antibodies (1998)

Although thrombocytopenia associated with the use of histamine H2 receptor (H2R) antagonists has been described, a drug-dependent, platelet-reactive antibody has not previously been identified in such cases. We studied serum from a patient who developed acute, severe thrombocytopenia after exposure to the H2 receptor antagonist, ranitidine, and identified an antibody that reacted with normal platelets in the presence of this drug at pharmacologic concentrations. In flow cytometric and immunoprecipitation studies, the antibody was shown to be specific for the glycoprotein Ib/IX complex (GPIb/IX). From the pattern of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) inhibition and the reactions of antibody with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with GPIX and GPIbbeta, we found that the patient's antibody is specific for an epitope on GPIX close to, or identical with a site recognized by the MoAb SZ1 that is a common target for antibodies induced by quinine and quinidine, drugs structurally unrelated to ranitidine. These findings provide evidence that immune thrombocytopenia can be caused by sensitivity to an H2 R antagonist and suggest that the SZ1 binding site on GPIX may be a common target for drug-induced antibodies. Further studies of the epitope for which SZ1 is specific may provide clues to the mechanism(s) by which drugs promote tight binding of antibody to a membrane glycoprotein and cause platelet destruction in patients with drug sensitivity.
A New Algorithm for Bandwidth Association in Bandwidth-Enhanced Additive Sound Modeling (2000)

The Bandwidth-Enhanced Additive Model represents sound as a collection of partials having sinusoidal and noise-like characteristics. Bandwidth Association is the process of constructing the bandwidth envelopes for partials in the bandwidth-enhanced model by associating noise energy not captured by conventional sinusoidal modeling processes. We present analytical methods for collecting and associating noise energy by extracting additional information from the short-time analysis spectra. 1. NOISE IN SINUSOIDAL MODELS In representations derived from purely sinusoidal analyses, sounds are described by a collection of sinusoidal components called partials. Sinusoidal partials are defined by time-varying amplitude and frequency envelopes formed by linking spectral energy peaks extracted from short-time Fourier spectra [1, 2, 3]. For sounds that are locally nearly periodic, having very highly concentrated shorttime spectral energy, a perceptually complete representation can be constructed ...
Effect of Clay Charge on Swelling: A Clay-Modified Electrode Study (1995)

Abstract The uniformity of clay films affects the transport of an anionic electroactive probe through the film. When cations other than Na+ are present in the initial swelling of the film (such as native K+ and Ca 2+ ), or when the native clay is highly charged, internal dislocations of the film, caused by variable stacking domains, enhance the diffusive transport of Fe(CN) 6 3− across the film. This effect is investigated using clay-modified electrodes in which the clays are of variable exchange forms (Na+, Ca 2+ , or K+) and variable charge. The charge on the clay is determined both by the native form of the clay and by reduction of structural Fe 3+ . The results suggest that swelling of clays increases in a linear fashion with CEC, at least for minimally charged clays.
A high speed offset-compensated differential comparator in floating body CMOS SOS technology for radiation hard switched-capacitor systems (2002)

In this paper we describe how a high performance analogue cell has been designed and simulated using a SOS SPICE model, and successfully fabricated in a 1.5 /spl mu/m floating body SOS technology. The cell described here is a clocked comparator; this is a fundamental building block for realising high performance analogue-to-digital conversion in any technology. To achieve high tolerance to floating body effects, as well as radiation-induced bias and offset degradation, it is necessary to adopt highly specific design techniques to ensure performance is delivered.
Pictures or Questions? Examining User Responses to Association-Based Authentication (2010)

Challenge questions are commonly used as a backup should users forget their “main” authentication secret. Such questions are notoriously difficult to design properly, and have sometimes allowed intruders to access the system via a back door simply by engaging in some online research about the victim [33]. Most challenge questions rely on a user’s knowledge of their early life, something which tends not to deteriorate over time [15]. Unfortunately, this kind of information can also be discovered by a determined attacker. We developed a challenge protocol in which a set of pictorial cues are used to prompt answers, rather than using the standard mechanism based on textual questions. The prompts solicit associative memories that need not represent factual information (information that aids an attacker in mounting targeted observation attacks) and serve as a stronger cue to aid the recall. Our results reveal that the solution has comparable security with that of traditional challenge questions (when considering external attackers), and suggests additional benefits from posing three or more questions serially. Furthermore, we obtained a 13% increase in the memorability of our (name-based) answers, while our results suggest enhancements could help improve the recall of place-based answers. We conclude by discussing how further modifications could achieve gains on the usability front.
Uric acid degrading enzymes, urate oxidase and allantoinase, are associated with different subcellular organelles in frog liver and kidney (1994)

On the basis of differential and density gradient centrifugation studies, the site of the uric acid degrading enzymes, urate oxidase and allantoinase, in amphibia was previously assigned to the hepatic peroxisomes. Using specific antibodies against frog urate oxidase and allantoinase, we have undertaken an immunocytochemical study of the localization of these two proteins in frog liver and kidney, and demonstrate that whereas urate oxidase is present in peroxisomes, allantoinase is localized in mitochondria. Urate oxidase and allantoinase were detected by immunoblot analysis in both frog liver and kidney. The subcellular localization of these two enzymes was ascertained by Protein A-gold immunocytochemical staining of Lowicryl K4M-embedded tissue. Peroxisomes in frog liver parenchymal cells and kidney proximal tubular epithelium contained a semi-dense subcrystalloid core, which was found to be the exclusive site of urate oxidase localization. Allantoinase was detected within mitochondria, but not in peroxisomes of hepatocytes or proximal tubular epithelium. No allantoinase was detected in the mitochondria of nonhepatic parenchymal cells in liver and of the cells lining the distal convoluted tubules of the kidney. These results demonstrate that, unlike rat kidney peroxisomes which lack urate oxidase, peroxisomes of frog kidney contain this enzyme. Contrary to previous assumptions, these studies also clearly establish that urate oxidase and allantoinase, the first two enzymes involved in uric acid degradation, are localized in different subcellular organelles in frog liver and kidney.
Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitors (2006)

Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disease with hyperglycemia as its recognizable hallmark. Hepatic glucose output is elevated in Type 2 diabetic patients, and evidence suggests drugs which lower hepatic glucose production are effective antihyperglycemic agents. Glycogenolysis, which is the release of monomeric glucose from its polymeric storage form called glycogen, is a key contributor to hepatic glucose output. Glycogen phosphorylase is the enzyme that catalyzes this process. This review covers advances in the design of small molecule inhibitors of this enzyme, their biological activity, and their potential as effective antihyperglycemic agents for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
Free Viewpoint Video for Soccer using Histogram-based Validity Maps in Plane Sweeping (2014)

In this paper, we present a method to accomplish free viewpoint video for soccer scenes. This will allow the rendering of a virtual camera, such as a virtual rail camera, or a camera moving around a frozen scene. We use 7 static cameras in a wide baseline setup (10 meters apart from each other). After debayering and segmentation, a crude depth map is created using a plane sweep approach. Next, this depth map is filtered and used in a second, depth-selective plane sweep by creating validity maps per depth. The complete method employs NVIDIA CUDA and traditional GPU shaders, resulting in a fast and scalable solution. The results, using real images, show the effective removal of artifacts, yielding high quality images for a virtual camera.