gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbocationic Polymerization (2003)

Abstract This article summarizes fundamental and general aspects of carbocationic polymerizations, with a historical overview and up‐to‐date references. Following general considerations, the basic elements of carbocationic polymerization, such as monomers, initiating systems, solvents, and temperature, are discussed. Special attention is given to carbocation stability and monomer nucleophilicity, and dynamic interactions. The section on the kinetics of carbocationic polymerization presents current understanding of the elementary reactions—initiation, propagation, termination, and transfer reactions, and copolymerization. Controlled (living) carbocationic polymerization is discussed in a separate section. Finally, industrial carbocationic polymerizations are reviewed.
The potato developer (D) locus encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor that regulates expression of multiple anthocyanin structural genes in tuber skin (2009)

A dominant allele at the D locus (also known as I in diploid potato) is required for the synthesis of red and purple anthocyanin pigments in tuber skin. It has previously been reported that D maps to a region of chromosome 10 that harbors one or more homologs of Petunia an2, an R2R3 MYB transcription factor that coordinately regulates the expression of multiple anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in the floral limb. To test whether D acts similarly in tuber skin, RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of flavanone 3-hydroxylase (f3h), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr) and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (f3'5'h). All three genes were expressed in the periderm of red- and purple-skinned clones, while dfr and f3'5'h were not expressed, and f3h was only weakly expressed, in white-skinned clones. A potato cDNA clone with similarity to an2 was isolated from an expression library prepared from red tuber skin, and an assay developed to distinguish the two alleles of this gene in a diploid potato clone known to be heterozygous Dd. One allele was observed to cosegregate with pigmented skin in an F(1) population of 136 individuals. This allele was expressed in tuber skin of red- and purple-colored progeny, but not in white tubers, while other parental alleles were not expressed in white or colored tubers. The allele was placed under the control of a doubled 35S promoter and transformed into the light red-colored cultivar Désirée, the white-skinned cultivar Bintje, and two white diploid clones known to lack the functional allele of D. Transformants accumulated pigment in tuber skin, as well as in other tissues, including young foliage, flower petals, and tuber flesh.
Dynamic paired comparison models with stochastic variances (2001)

In paired comparison experiments, the worth or merit of a unit is measured through comparisons against other units. When paired comparison outcomes are collected over time and the merits of the units may be changing, it is often convenient to assume the data follow a non-linear state-space model. Typical paired comparison state-space models that assume a fixed (unknown) autoregressive variance do not account for the possibility of sudden changes in the merits. This is a particular concern, for example, in modeling cognitive ability in human development; cognitive ability not only changes over time, but also can change abruptly. We explore a particular extension of conventional state-space models for paired comparison data that allows the state variance to vary stochastically. Models of this type have recently been developed and applied to modeling financial data, but can be seen to have applicability in modeling paired comparison data. A filtering algorithm is also derived that can be used in place of likelihood-based computations when the number of objects being compared is large. Applications to National Football League game outcomes and chess game outcomes are presented.
Nucleosides. 141. Synthesis of 5-.beta.-D-ribofuranosylnicotinamide and its N-methyl derivative. The isosteric and isoelectronic analogs of nicotinamide nucleoside (1987)

The pyridine C-nucleosides 5-beta-D-ribofuranosylnicotinamide and its N-methylpyridinium derivative (1 and 2), which are isosteric and isoelectronic, respectively, to nicotinamide nucleoside were synthesized. Condensation of 3-bromo-5-lithiopyridine with 2,4:3,5-di-O-benzylidene-D-aldehydoribose (7) afforded an allo/altro mixture of the corresponding bromopyridine derivatives, which were converted into nicotinamide C-nucleoside precursors 10. Mesylation of the hydroxyl group of 10 followed by acid hydrolysis of the product afforded the anomeric nicotinamide C-nucleosides. The beta anomer 1 was separated and treated with MeI to give 2.
Au–Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Dumbbell Nanoparticles as Dual‐Functional Probes (2007)

Heavy lifting: Dumbbell-shaped Au–Fe3O4 nanoparticles are made biocompatible and suitable for attachment to A431 cells. The particles are magnetically and optically active and are useful for simultaneous magnetic and optical detection (see picture). The Au–Fe3O4 nanoparticles are promising as a new type of multifunctional probe for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z704392_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Selection of donor platelets for alloimmunized patients using a platelet-associated IgG assay (1981)

A quantitative immunofluorescence platelet-associated immunoglobulins (PA-IgG) assay was used to detect alloimmunity to platelets in 8/12 multitransfused patients and to perform platelet crossmatching in the 8 alloimmunized patients. The correct separation of multitransfused patients into alloimmune and nonalloimmune groups was substantiated with chromium-51-labeled platelet survival studies. For 5 alloimmunized patients, compatible and incompatible donor platelets were demonstrated by PA-IgG crossmatching and were confirmed by platelet survival studies. With the other 3 alloimmunized patients, only studies with 5 of these incompatible donor platelets showed markedly reduced survival times on 4 occasions. PA-Igg compatible donor platelets survived 3.5- 8.7 days, while PA-IgG incompatible platelets showed survival times of 0.1–2.4 days. Overall, PA-IgG testing correctly indicated survival results on 15/17 occasions (88%), whereas platelet aggregation, serotonin release, and lymphocytotoxicity testing showed correct predictions for only 41%-59% of the survival studies. PA-IgG testing predicted which times, thus indication patients with platelet-specific alloantibodies. the PA-IgG assay provides a sensitive method to detect platelet alloantibodies and to perform platelet crossmatching, which can complement HLA typing in the selection of donor platelets for alloimmunized patients.
Mobility management in integrated UMTS/WLAN networks (2004)

The complementary characteristics of universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) and 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) networks make them attractive for integration to offer the best of both technologies. However to make their integration effective, seamless mobility between the two networks is necessary. In this paper we address mobility management procedures within and between UMTS and 802.11 WLAN for various integration scenarios. For each integration option we consider, we give the interaction between various networks elements and new procedures required to ensure seamless mobility.
Terminal and Penultimate Reactivity Ratios in Single‐Site Ethene/Propene Copolymerizations: Comparison of Kakugo and Direct Peak Methods (2005)

Abstract Summary: The original, first‐order Kakugo method is extended to find second‐order reactivity ratios of homogeneous catalysts in ethene/propene copolymerizations based on triad fractions. Subsequently, the first‐ and second‐order reactivity ratios of eight Si‐bridged C 2 ‐symmetric ansa ‐zirconocenes or hafnocenes, as obtained by the Direct Peak method, are used to compare with the Kakugo methods. From the results it is clear that the second‐order methods give better descriptions than the first‐order methods. Only the results of the second‐order Direct Peak method are statistically justified, reflecting reliabilities >99.5%. Though the Direct Peak method in all cases gives the most reliable reactivity ratios, the second‐order Kakugo method turns out to be a practical tool to find estimates. Second‐order Kakugo method. image Second‐order Kakugo method.
Die Umsetzung von D‐Fructose mit L‐Lysin und L‐Arginin und deren Beziehung zu nichtenzymatischen Bräunungsreaktionen (1962)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von D‐Fructose mit l‐Lysin liefert α·ϵ‐Di‐D‐Glucose‐L‐Lysin, ϵ‐D‐Glucose‐L‐Lysin und ϵ‐D‐Fructose‐L‐Lysin. Aus Fructose und L‐Arginin werden α‐D‐Glucose‐L‐Arginin und α‐D‐Fructose‐L‐Arginin erhalten. Die Umsetzung von D‐Glucose mit L‐Lysin ergibt α·ϵ‐Di‐D‐Fructose‐L‐Lysin und ϵ‐E‐Fructose‐L‐Lysin. — α‐D‐Fructose‐L‐Lysin ist durch Umsetzung von ϵ‐Carbobenzoxy‐L‐Lysin mit D‐Glucose und anschließende Abspaltung des Restes erhältlich. Bei Proteinen reagiert die ϵ‐Aminogruppe des L‐Lysins in gleicher Weise zu Hexose‐Aminosäure. Die Guanidinogruppe des Arginins reagiert nicht.
Compressed gas insulation for electric power transmission (1966)

It can be claimed that gases at elevated pressure are the logical and, perhaps, inevitable, replacement for atmospheric air as the primary insulating medium for transmission of high-voltage power. Such compressed gas-insulated lines would reduce or eliminate most of the problems of open overhead lines, i. e., the inadequate insulating strength of air at 1 atm, corrosive contamination of insulators, exposure to lightning, radio interference, need for extensive rights-of-way, and the alleged unsightliness of overhead lines.
존엄사법에 대한 법·제도적 연구 (2016)

본 연구는 현재 존엄사와 관련하여 국가차원의 해결방안을 제시하지 못한 채 국회를 통과하여 시행될 `호스피스·완화의료 및 임종과정에 있는 환자의 연명의료결정에 관한 법률`에 대한 논의와 법 시행 후 예견되는 문제를 법·제도적 측면에서의 해결 방안을 찾고자 하였다. 이에 따라 안락사와 존엄사에 대한 기존 선행연구를 토대로 지금까지 우리사회에서 가지고 있었던 문제와 입법화 된 법안을 비판적으로 분석하여 향후 시행될 존엄사법에 대한 발전방향을 제시하였다. 연구 결과, 존엄사법에서 규정하고 있는 요건이 충족될 때 연명의료중단 결정이 쉽게 내려지는 등 악용의 우려가 있기 때문에 의료시설에서의 무의미한 연명의료가 아닌 가정내 호스피스제도의 도입이 필요하다. 또한 연명의료중단의 대상자에 관하여 노환, 산업재해, 교통사고 등으로 인한 뇌사판정을 받은 법의 사각지대에 있지만 연명의료중단이 필요한 환자들에 대한 법률적 보완이 필요하다. 그리고 부모가 없는 미성년자나 가족이 있어도 서로 왕래가 없는 독거노인에 대한 연명의료중단 결정에 대해 아동에게는 법정후견인의 지정, 독거노인에게는 성년후견인제도의 시행으로 보호·관리의 필요성을 요구된다. 본 연구를 통해 향후 시행될 존엄사법에서는 법의 악용 없이 환자 스스로 죽음을 결정할 수 있는 자기결정권이 우선되도록 하는 측면에서 활용되어야 할 것이다.
Advances in glass-ionomer cements (2006)

This article describes the properties, advances and shortcomings of glass-ionomer cement as a restorative material. The adhesion of glass-ionomer to tooth structure is less technique sensitive than composite resins and its quality increases with time. Therefore glass-ionomer might turn out to the more reliable restorative material in minimal invasive dentistry based on adhesive techniques.
The Prospects for Multivalued Logic: A Technology and Applications View (1981)

Advances in multiple-valued logic (MVL) have been inspired, in large part, by advances in integrated circuit technology. Multiple-valued logic has matured to the point where four-valued logic is now part of commercially available VLSI IC's. Besides reduction in chip area, MVL offers other benefits such as the potential for circuit test. This paper describes the historical and technical background of MVL, and areas of present and future application. It is intended, as well, to serve as a tutorial for the nonspecialist.
Image quality assessment for video stream recognition systems (2018)

Recognition and machine vision systems have long been widely used in many disciplines to automate various processes of life and industry. Input images of optical recognition systems can be subjected to a large number of different distortions, especially in uncontrolled or natural shooting conditions, which leads to unpredictable results of recognition systems, making it impossible to assess their reliability. For this reason, it is necessary to perform quality control of the input data of recognition systems, which is facilitated by modern progress in the field of image quality evaluation. In this paper, we investigate the approach to designing optical recognition systems with built-in input image quality estimation modules and feedback, for which the necessary definitions are introduced and a model for describing such systems is constructed. The efficiency of this approach is illustrated by the example of solving the problem of selecting the best frames for recognition in a video stream for a system with limited resources. Experimental results are presented for the system for identity documents recognition, showing a significant increase in the accuracy and speed of the system under simulated conditions of automatic camera focusing, leading to blurring of frames.
A flexible nanostructured sulphur–carbon nanotube cathode with high rate performance for Li-S batteries (2012)

We report the template-directed synthesis of sulphur–carbon nanotubes and their use to form a membrane that is binder-free, highly conductive and flexible. This nanostructured membrane is used as a self-supporting cathode without metal current-collectors for Li-S batteries. The membrane cathode has a high electrical conductivity and renders a long life of sulphur of over 100 charge–discharge cycles. High discharge capacity of sulphur was attained at 712 mA h gsulphur−1 (23 wt% S) and 520 mA h gsulphur−1 (50 wt% S) at a high current density (6 A gsulphur−1). The overall capacity of the flexible cathode correspondingly reaches 163 mA h g−1 (23 wt% S) and 260 mA h g−1 (50 wt% S). These results demonstrate the great potential of this nanostructured flexible membrane as a cathode for Li-S batteries with fast charge–discharge performance and long life.
Basophils and type 2 immunity (2008)

The current review revisits basophils with the goal of providing insights into understanding unappreciated roles of basophils in vivo.
Spontaneous Growth and Phase Transformation of Highly Conductive Nickel Germanide Nanowires (2011)

We report the synthesis, phase transformation, and electrical property measurement of single-crystal NiGe and ε-Ni(5)Ge(3) nanowires (NWs). NiGe NWs were spontaneously synthesized by chemical vapor deposition of GeH(4) onto a porous Ni substrate without the use of intentional catalysts. The as-grown NWs of the orthorhombic NiGe phase were transformed to the hexagonal ε-Ni(5)Ge(3) phase by thermal annealing induced Ni enrichment. This controllable conversion of germanide phases is desirable for phase-dependent property study and applications, and the observation of novel metastable ε-Ni(5)Ge(3) phase suggests the importance of kinetic factors in such nanophase transformations. Electrical studies reveal that NiGe NWs are highly conductive, with an average resistivity of 35 ± 15 μΩ·cm, while the resistivity of ε-Ni(5)Ge(3) NWs is more than 4 times that of the NiGe phase. NWs of nickel germanides, particularly NiGe, would be useful building blocks for germanium-based nanoelectronic devices.
Bridging the Gap between Ionic Liquids and Molten Salts: Group 1 Metal Salts of the Bistriflamide Anion in the Gas Phase (2009)

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry experiments showed that liquid Group 1 metal salts of the bistriflamide anion undergoing reduced-pressure distillation exhibit a remarkable behavior that is in transition between that of the vapor-liquid equilibrium characteristics of aprotic ionic liquids and that of the Group 1 metal halides: the unperturbed vapors resemble those of aprotic ionic liquids, in the sense that they are essentially composed of discrete ion pairs. However, the formation of large aggregates through a succession of ion-molecule reactions is closer to what might be expected for Group 1 metal halides. Similar experiments were also carried out with bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}amine to investigate the effect of H(+), which despite being the smallest Group 1 cation, is generally regarded as a nonmetal species. In this case, instead of the complex ion-molecule reaction pattern found for the vapors of Group 1 metal salts, an equilibrium similar to those observed for aprotic ionic liquids was observed.
Transient effects at a velocity discontinuity in up/down filtering (2003)

The up/down convolutional velocity filter is commonly used in vertical seismic profiling to separate an upgoing from a downgoing wave field. In the neighborhood of a velocity discontinuity one expects to see transient effects. For a simple medium containing a single velocity discontinuity it is possible to derive an explicit formula for these transients. This analysis predicts that the transients decay at a rate inversely proportional to the distance from the velocity discontinuity. Despite the slow decay rate, these transients are found to be quite insignificant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Learning responsive robot behavior by imitation (2013)

In this paper we present a new approach for learning responsive robot behavior by imitation of human interaction partners. Extending previous work on robot imitation learning, that has so far mostly concentrated on learning from demonstrations by a single actor, we simultaneously record the movements of two humans engaged in on-going interaction tasks and learn compact models of the interaction. Extracted interaction models can thereafter be used by a robot to engage in a similar interaction with a human partner. We present two algorithms for deriving interaction models from motion capture data as well as experimental results on a humanoid robot.
Real-time Raman spectroscopy of optically trapped living cells and organelles (2004)

We report on real-time Raman spectroscopic studies of optically trapped living cells and organelles using an inverted confocal laser-tweezers-Raman-spectroscopy (LTRS) system. The LTRS system was used to hold a single living cell in a physiological solution or to hold a functional organelle within a living cell and consequently measured its Raman spectra. We have measured the changes in Raman spectra of a trapped yeast cell as the function of the temperature of the bathing solution and studied the irreversible cell degeneration during the heat denaturation. In addition, we measured the in-vitro Raman spectra of the nuclei within living pine cells and B. sporeformer, Strep. salivarius, and E. coli bacteria suspended in solution and showed the possibility of using LTRS system as a sensor for rapid identification of microbes in a fluid.
P172-S Intelligent MS/MS Acquisition Results in Higher Sequence Coverage and More Confident Protein IDs from Complex Samples. (2007)

A major challenge in the study of proteomics is the analysis of complex samples. As sample complexity increases so does the need for a highly sensitive instrument with large dynamic range capabilities. Also required for deeper analysis of complex samples is the ability to perform high speed MS/MS scans without loss of spectral quality during an LC-MS/MS run. In the current study using a QqTOF instrument, we used a new feature that enables dynamic acquisition time of MS/MS spectra based on the evaluation of fragment ion intensity in combination with repetitive LC-MS/MS runs that exclude previously acquired precursors. Utilizing this intelligent MS/MS acquisition feature we achieved low attomole level sensitivity and four-log orders of dynamic range on a commercially available sample. Analysis of more complex samples (i.e. animal tissue) resulted in the identification of hundreds of nonredundant proteins from single cation exchange fractions with greater than 95% confidence using 45 minute gradients. The use of dynamic acquisition time and the repetitive LC strategy combined with ProteinPilot software illustrate the effectiveness of our approach in identifying a large number of nonredundant proteins with high confidence in a relatively short time.
Electron field emission from composite electrodes of carbon nanotubes-boron-doped diamond and carbon felts (2006)

The electron field emission of carbon nanotube (CNT)/boron-doped diamond (BDD)/carbon felt electrodes (CNT/BDD/felt) have been investigated. The composite electrode was initially prepared with the growth of BDD on carbon felt and the subsequent growth of CNT by chemical decomposition of methanol. The composite electrodes were characterised using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. For the CNT/BDD/felt samples, the electron field emission was observed at macroscopic fields as low as 1.1Vμm−1. The emission current versus time plot shows significant potential for future field emission applications.
Macrophage inhibitory cytokine‐1 induced by a high‐fat diet promotes prostate cancer progression by stimulating tumor‐promoting cytokine production from tumor stromal cells (2021)

HFD-mediated activation of the PCa stromal microenvironment through metabolically upregulated MIC-1 signaling by increased available free fatty acids may be a critical mechanism of HFD and/or obesity-induced PCa progression.
Braude Scholarship 2000 The effect of voluntary food intake on the postweaning growth of the pig (2001)

Characteristically, voluntary food intake in the young pig in the days after weaning is low and very variable. Such low feed intakes can lead to reduced digestive efficiency and ultimately poorer physical performance. This is due to the digestive tract requiring a continuous supply of nutrients to maintain gut integrity and digestive capacity. The presence of this check in a young pigs growth immediately after weaning is a well documented problem of commercial significance. It is multi faceted and has been found to encompass many issues such as stocking density, mixing of litters, feeder type and space and the formulation and presentation of the feed. The Braude scholarship enabled me to travel across Europe to visit various research institutes and commercial companies in the Netherlands, Belgium and Poland including, ID-Lelystad, Institute for Animal Health, Netherlands, Rosmalen Institute for Pig Research, Netherlands and the experimental farms of the Provimi Group in Veldriel, Netherlands and Central Soya, Chelmno, Poland who were all engaged in trying to find solutions to the postweaning problem. The research they were involved in was as diverse as the problem itself appears to be.
Phenoxazines. I. Ring-Substituted Derivatives (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhenoxazines. I. Ring-Substituted DerivativesH. VANDERHAEGHECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 5, 747–753Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01075a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01075a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts