gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrothermal vaporisation interface for sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1990)

An electrothermal vaporisation (ETV) device was developed for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry by modifying a commercial graphite furnace unit. A detailed description of the modifications are presented. The new ETV interface is designed to increase sample transport efficiency by converting analyte vapour into micro-particles in the furnace. The characterisation and optimisation of the device are also discussed. Ten consecutive firings of a 30-pg sample of Pb resulted in relative standard deviations (RSD) of 4% for peak-height and 1.6% for peak-area measurements. The absolute detection limit, determined by comparing the response obtained for a 3-µl sample of a 10 ng ml–1 Pb solution in 1% HNO3 with that obtained for blanks containing 1% HNO3 only, was 10 and 14 fg, for a dwell time of 10 µs, for peak area and peak height, respectively. The linear dynamic range for Pb extends over three orders of magnitude, from 300 fg to 300 pg.
Landscape of DNA Virus Associations across Human Malignant Cancers: Analysis of 3,775 Cases Using RNA-Seq (2013)

Elucidation of tumor-DNA virus associations in many cancer types has enhanced our knowledge of fundamental oncogenesis mechanisms and provided a basis for cancer prevention initiatives. RNA-Seq is a novel tool to comprehensively assess such associations. We interrogated RNA-Seq data from 3,775 malignant neoplasms in The Cancer Genome Atlas database for the presence of viral sequences. Viral integration sites were also detected in expressed transcripts using a novel approach. The detection capacity of RNA-Seq was compared to available clinical laboratory data. Human papillomavirus (HPV) transcripts were detected using RNA-Seq analysis in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma, uterine endometrioid carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Detection of HPV by RNA-Seq correlated with detection by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in squamous cell carcinoma tumors of the head and neck. Hepatitis B virus and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were detected using RNA-Seq in hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric carcinoma tumors, respectively. Integration sites of viral genes and oncogenes were detected in cancers harboring HPV or hepatitis B virus but not in EBV-positive gastric carcinoma. Integration sites of expressed viral transcripts frequently involved known coding areas of the host genome. No DNA virus transcripts were detected in acute myeloid leukemia, cutaneous melanoma, low- and high-grade gliomas of the brain, and adenocarcinomas of the breast, colon and rectum, lung, prostate, ovary, kidney, and thyroid. In conclusion, this study provides a large-scale overview of the landscape of DNA viruses in human malignant cancers. While further validation is necessary for specific cancer types, our findings highlight the utility of RNA-Seq in detecting tumor-associated DNA viruses and identifying viral integration sites that may unravel novel mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis.
Development of Folate Receptor−Targeted PET Radiopharmaceuticals for Tumor Imaging—A Bench-to-Bedside Journey (2020)

The folate receptor-α (FR-α) is overexpressed in many epithelial cancers, including ovary, uterus, kidneys, breast, lung, colon and prostate carcinomas, but shows limited expression in normal tissues such as kidneys, salivary glands, choroid plexus and placenta. FR-α has therefore emerged as a promising target for the delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents to FR-positive tumors. A series of folate-based PET (positron emission tomography) radiopharmaceuticals have been developed for the selective targeting of FR-positive malignancies. This review provides an overview on the research progress made so far regarding the design, radiosynthesis and the utility of the folate-derived PET radioconjugates for targeting FR-positive tumors. For the most part, results from folate radioconjugates labeled with fluorine-18 (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 109.8 min) and gallium-68 (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 67.7 min) have been presented but folates labeled with "exotic" and new PET radionuclides such as copper-64 (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 12.7 h), terbium-152 (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 17.5 h), scandium-44 (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 3.97 h), cobalt-55 (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 17.5 h) and zirconium-89 (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 78.4 h) are also discussed. For tumor imaging, none of the reported PET radiolabeled folates reported to date has made the complete bench-to-bedside journey except [<sup>18</sup>F]AzaFol, which made it to patients with metastatic ovarian and lung cancers in a multicenter first-in-human trial. In the near future, however, we expect more clinical trials with folate-based PET radiopharmaceuticals given the increasing clinical interest in imaging and the treatment of FR-related malignancies.
Thermooptically Tuned Photonic Crystal Waveguide Silicon-on-Insulator Mach–Zehnder Interferometers (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Ultracompact thermooptically tuned photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) silicon-on-insulator Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) have been proposed and fabricated. A novel thermal design was employed to improve the device switching performance. Both steady-state and transient thermal analyses were performed to evaluate the thermal performance of the thermooptic MZIs. A switching time less than 20 <emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\mu$</tex> </formula></emphasis>s has been experimentally achieved, which clearly demonstrated the speed advantage using the new heating approach. The active length of the PCW-based MZIs was 80 <emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\mu$</tex> </formula></emphasis>m, nearly one order of magnitude shorter than the conventional silicon waveguide-based MZIs. A maximum modulation depth of 84% for a switching power of 78 mW was obtained at a wavelength of 1548 nm. </para>
Oxidation of alkenes with use of phase transfer catalysis (1977)

Abstract and summary The use of phase transfer catalysis (PTC) as an aid in the oxidation of long chain olefins with aqueous potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ) in neutral and alkaline media and with aqueous ruthenium tetroxide (RuO 4 ) is reported. The phase transfer catalysts (PTCT) were either quaternary ammonium halides or crown ethers. The long chain olefins studied were 1‐pentadecene, 9‐octadecene, and methyl oleate. PTC not only increases the rate of these reactions but also gives good yields of reaction products. For example, cis ‐9‐octadecene in methylene chloride reacted with aqueous KMnO 4 to give either dihydroxyoctadecane (80%) or pelargonic, acid (80%) depending upon pH, when tetrabutylammonium bromide was used as the PTCT. When RuO 4 in conjunction with a PTCT was used as the oxidant, a quantitative yield of myristic acid was obtained from 1‐pentadecene. The RuO 4 oxidant was conveniently regenerated in situ from RuO 2 and sodium hypochlorite. This regeneration is facilitated with a PTCT.
PIGS: automatic prediction of antibody structures (2008)

The server is openly accessible to academic users at the address: http://arianna.bio.uniroma1.it/pigs. It does not require registration and there is no limit to the number of sequences that can be submitted.
Cardiac Regeneration using Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Producing Cells for Future Therapy (2010)

Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has generated much interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Because of their ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body, hESCs offer a novel therapeutic paradigm for myocardial repair by furnishing a supply of cardiomyocytes (CMs) that would ultimately restore normal myocardial function when delivered to the damaged heart. Spontaneous CM differentiation of hESCs is an inefficient process that yields very low numbers of CMs. In addition, it is not clear that fully differentiated CMs provide the benefits sought from cell transplantation. The need for new methods of directed differentiation of hESCs into functional CMs and cardiac progenitors has led to an explosion of research utilizing chemical, genetic, epigenetic and lineage selection strategies to direct cardiac differentiation and enrich populations of cardiac cells for therapeutic use. Here, we review these approaches and highlight their increasingly important roles in stem cell biology and cardiac regenerative medicine.
Hyperthermia Enhances CTL Cross-Priming (2006)

Dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with killed allogeneic melanoma cells can cross-prime naive CD8(+) T cells to differentiate into melanoma-specific CTLs in 3-wk cultures. In this study we show that DCs loaded with killed melanoma cells that were heated to 42 degrees C before killing are more efficient in cross-priming of naive CD8(+) T cells than DCs loaded with unheated killed melanoma cells. The enhanced cross-priming was demonstrated by several parameters: 1) induction of naive CD8(+) T cell differentiation in 2-wk cultures, 2) enhanced killing of melanoma peptide-pulsed T2 cells, 3) enhanced killing of HLA-A*0201(+) melanoma cells in a standard 4-h chromium release assay, and 4) enhanced capacity to prevent tumor growth in vitro in a tumor regression assay. Two mechanisms might explain the hyperthermia-induced enhanced cross-priming. First, heat-treated melanoma cells expressed increased levels of 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70), and enhanced cross-priming could be reproduced by overexpression of HSP70 in melanoma cells transduced with HSP70 encoding lentiviral vector. Second, hyperthermia resulted in the increased transcription of several tumor Ag-associated Ags, including MAGE-B3, -B4, -A8, and -A10. Thus, heat treatment of tumor cells permits enhanced cross-priming, possibly via up-regulation of both HSPs and tumor Ag expression.
Four-band frequency selective surface with double-square-loop patch elements (1994)

Design and experimental verifications are presented for a four-band frequency selective surface (FSS) with perfectly conducting double-square-loop (DSL) patch elements. A single screen DSL element FSS is demonstrated for (1) a four-band FSS which reflects the X- and Ka-band signals while passing the Sand Ku-band signals, and (2) a low-pass (or Ka-add-on) FSS that reflects the Ka-band signal while passing the S-, X-, and Ku-band signals. Cascading the above low-pass FSS with a previously published single screen tri-band FSS, a double screen FSS is also successfully demonstrated for the Cassini four-band application. The good agreement obtained between the measured and the computed results verified both the single and double screen four-frequency FSS approaches for the Cassini Project.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Schema mappings, data exchange, and metadata management (2005)

Schema mappings are high-level specifications that describe the relationship between database schemas. Schema mappings are prominent in several different areas of database management, including database design, information integration, data exchange, metadata management, and peer-to-peer data management systems. Our main aim in this paper is to present an overview of recent advances in data exchange and metadata management, where the schema mappings are between relational schemas. In addition, we highlight some research issues and directions for future work.
Esophagectomy in Elderly Patients With Esophageal Cancer (2010)

Background: The number of elderly patients who undergo surgery for esophageal cancer is increasing as a result of longer life expectancy, but little is known about the morbidity and outcome of such procedures in the elderly. This study compared the results of surgery for evaluating the effect of age on esophageal cancer patients. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery with curative intent for esophageal cancer from January 1999 to July 2009 were included in this retrospective study. Data were compared between patients ≥70 years (elderly group) and patients <70 years old (younger group). Patient characteristics, hospital course, surgical mortality, morbidity, and survival were compared between patients in these two age groups. Results: Of the 166 patients included, 35 (21.1%) were at least 70 years old (mean age, 75.2 years) and 131 (78.9%) were younger than 70 years old (mean age, 51.8 years). All 29 eligible elderly and 29 randomly selected, age-adjusted younger patients were included for a balanced comparison. The elderly group had significantly longer hospital stays (46 vs. 22 days) and a significantly higher incidence of surgical morbidity (51.7% vs. 20.7%). Cardiopulmonary-related complications were the main causes of operative morbidity in the elderly group. The elderly group also had higher performance state scores. On the basis of less adjuvant anticancer treatment received, the overall survival of elderly patients was comparable to their younger counterparts (12.1 vs. 12.7 months; p = 0.77). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that curative surgery for esophageal cancer in elderly patients may result in comparable overall survival and greater, but acceptable, morbidity in comparison with younger patients. Our data suggest that age ≥70 years old should not be considered a counterindicator for curative surgery in esophageal cancer patients.
A 600V 8.7Ohmmm>sup<2>/sup<Lateral Superjunction Transistor (2006)

In this work we present for the first time experimental results and corresponding device simulations for high voltage lateral superjunction MOSFETs. We investigated experimentally various degrees of compensation for the lateral compensation structure and improved additionally the chip performance by optimizing the layout. We also realized different layouts in order to improve the chip performance. We show that a blocking voltage (BV) of 640V is achieved. Devices blocking above 600V achieve an on-resistance of 7.1Omega, which corresponds to a Rds,on times A of 8.7Omegamm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>
Das Prinzip der Konus‐Steckverbindung für keramische Kugelköpfe bei Hüftendoprothesen (1993)

Abstract Bei modular aufgebauten Hüftendoprothesen werden Kugelköpfe, und zwar aus Metall oder Keramik, mit verschiedenen Halslängen verwendet. Bei keramischen Kugelköpfen sind eine Reihe von Randbedingungen zu beachten, die hier diskutiert werden. Der erfolgreiche Einsatz von keramischen BIOLOX‐Kugelköpfen (mehr als 1,1 Mill. bis Ende 1992) beweist, daß die für den Operateur einfach zu handhabende Konus‐Steckverbindung eine gelungene und sichere Konstruktion ist.
Development of an Underground Automated Thin-Seam Coal Mining Method (1999)

It is predicted that coal mining in Southwest Virginia, and the economic stability that it brings to the area, will continue to decline over the next decade unless an environmentally sound, and economically viable means can be found to extract seams of high quality coal in the thickness range of 14 to 28 inches. Research into autonomous machine guidance, coupled with developments of thin-seam mining equipment, offer new opportunities for devising mining layouts suitable for extracting these thin seams in a cost effective manner. These layouts must involve well-planned transportation and ventilation routes that will allow safe conditions for personnel. This implies that the mining face, where coal is extracted, will be completely automated, ensuring the safety of the workers. This thesis presents a brief overview of current technologies utilized for underground coal mining in the United States. This is followed by a review of developments in highwall mining that are potentially applicable in underground mining of thin seams. Some past attempts at thin seam mining are discussed, and evaluated for their short comings. An overview of the more recent advances in the guidance systems for use in autonomous mining machines is also presented. The new advances that several
Advanced Guidance Algorithms for Homing Missiles with Bearing-only Measurements. (1986)

Abstract : Homing missile guidance is formulated as an optimal stochastic control problem where the special nonlinear structure of the missile-target engagement is exploited. Since this stochastic control problem assumes a nested information pattern, the filter structure can be developed independently of the guidance scheme. However, the guidance scheme is dependent on and affects filter performance. Significant progress is being made on both the estimation problem and the guidance problem. Investigation of the nonlinear estimators especially tailored to the homing missile problem has produced not only a good deal of insight but responsive and mechanizable schemes. Although these schemes are applicable to active sensors, our emphasis has been on the more difficult passive sensor case where only angles are available. Recently-developed schemes based on coordinate transformations and on a assumed probability density function perform well, but the modified-gain extended Kalman filter has been used as the basis of a stochastic adaptive flight control scheme. Two important current efforts in missile guidance with bearings-only information are in development of the guidance schemes that enhance an information measure by trajectory modulation and in target acceleration detection.
Beneficial effects of silibinin against the progression of metabolic syndrome, increased oxidative stress, and liver steatosis in <i><scp>P</scp>sammomys obesus</i>, a relevant animal model of human obesity and diabetes (在一种与人类肥胖以及糖尿病相关的动物模型肥沙鼠中，水飞蓟素具有拮抗代谢综合征进展、拮抗氧化应激增加以及拮抗肝脏脂肪变性的有益作用) (2013)

Silibinin affords substantial protection against the progression of insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes mellitus for P. obesus by hampering the oxidative process and improving hepatic metabolism.
A Review of Potential Adverse Effects of Long-Term Opioid Therapy (2012)

The diverse adverse effects potentially caused by chronic opioid therapy support recommendations for judicious and selective opioid prescribing for chronic noncancer pain by primary care physicians. Additional research clarifying the risks and management of potential adverse effects of chronic opioid therapy is needed to guide clinical practice.
Fred J Boyd Oration: The Journal and other matters (2001)

The author addresses the future of the Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. He believes it is important for the Journal to be indexed by MEDLINE; to have a sound financial structure, and to publish monthly. The title is changing in 2002 to reflect changes in the nature of pharmacy in Australia. (non-author abstract)
Mechanical stability analysis of the protein L immunoglobulin‐binding domain by full alanine screening using molecular dynamics simulations (2014)

This article is the first to study the mechanical properties of the immunoglobulin-binding domain of protein L (referred to as protein L) and its mutants at the atomic level. In the structure of protein L, each amino acid residue (except for alanines and glycines) was replaced sequentially by alanine. Thus, 49 mutants of protein L were obtained. The proteins were stretched at their termini at constant velocity using molecular dynamics simulations in water, i.e. by forced unfolding. 19 out of 49 mutations resulted in a large decrease of mechanical protein stability. These amino acids were affecting either the secondary structure (11 mutations) or loop structures (8 mutations) of protein L. Analysis of mechanical unfolding of the generated protein that has the same topology as protein L but consists of only alanines and glycines allows us to suggest that the mechanical stability of proteins, and specifically protein L, is determined by interactions between certain amino acid residues, although the unfolding pathway depends on the protein topology. This insight can now be used to modulate the mechanical properties of proteins and their unfolding pathways in the desired direction for using them in various biochips, biosensors and biomaterials for medicine, industry, and household purposes.
Anionic Amido N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis of Covalently Tethered Lanthanide–Carbene Complexes (2003)

Organolanthanides with amido-tethered N-heterocyclic carbenes: a new bidentate ligand that tethers an N-heterocyclic carbene group to a trivalent lanthanide complex (samarium, depicted, N′′=N(SiMe3)2; or yttrium) affords the first organolanthanide amido–carbene complexes and an opportunity to explore the strength and reactivity of the early metal–N-heterocyclic carbene fragment.
Uncooled IRFPA for low-cost multispectral/hyperspectral LWIR imaging device (2003)

ATIS Company is developing a new optical remote sensor based on the GALAAD worldwide patented multispectral imaging technology registered in 1998. The developed prototype has demonstrated its capabilities as an infrared imaging spectrometer as it allows real-time remote detection, monitoring and localization of hazardous gas plumes. Based on a novel concept of imaging spectrometer, this technology uses an un-cooled IRFPA (ULIS 320 x 240 bolometer) to reduce significantly the production and running costs of the device. The core of the GALAAD technology is a dynamic continuous spectral filtering mechanism, which, opposite to standard spectrometers, builds an entire spectrum for each pixel with a spectral resolution down to 25 nm. This technology works for any gas having an absorption spectrum in the sensitivity band of the sensor (here 7 - 14 micron region). The processing of the resulting multi spectral images allows the detection and identification of the gases present in the atmosphere using their specific infrared signature. The concentration is quantified and overlaid directly on the infrared image to monitor the site in a clear and intelligible way.
Correlation between temperature satisfaction and unsolicited complaint rates in commercial buildings (2005)

Complaints in commercial buildings indicate occupants' dissatisfaction to their environments. It not only deteriorates occupants' performance and organization productivity, but also increases building maintenance and operating cost. Nailing economic consequences of complaints will enable monetary comparison of discomfort cost with building and operating costs. This comparison may be desirable for building owners and tenants to make well-informed decisions on construction, rental, and retrofit. It may also be used to evaluate complaint diagnostic and eliminating techniques.
Measurement of Exhaled Nitric Oxide in a General Population Sample: A Comparison of the Medisoft HypAir FE<sub>NO</sub>and Aerocrine NIOX Analyzers (2011)

FE(NO) measurements obtained with the HypAir FE(NO) correlated well with the NIOX, but were approximately 1.6 times higher. Therefore, a conversion factor is required if results are to be compared with the NIOX instrument.
Top-N Recommendation for Shared Accounts (2015)

Standard collaborative filtering recommender systems assume that every account in the training data represents a single user. However, multiple users often share a single account. A typical example is a single shopping account for the whole family. Traditional recommender systems fail in this situation. If contextual information is available, context aware recommender systems are the state-of-the-art solution. Yet, often no contextual information is available. Therefore, we introduce the challenge of recommending to shared accounts in the absence of contextual information. We propose a solution to this challenge for all cases in which the reference recommender system is an item-based top-N collaborative filtering recommender system, generating recommendations based on binary, positive-only feedback. We experimentally show the advantages of our proposed solution for tackling the problems that arise from the existence of shared accounts on multiple datasets.