gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted Photothermal Lysis of the Pathogenic Bacteria, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, with Gold Nanorods (2007)

Increases in the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria require new approaches for the treatment of infectious bacterial pathogens. It is now clear that a nanotechnology-driven approach using nanoparticles to selectively target and destroy pathogenic bacteria can be successfully implemented. We have explored this approach by using gold nanorods that have been covalently linked to primary antibodies to selectively destroy the pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We find that, following nanorod attachment to the bacterial cell surface, exposure to near-infrared radiation results in a significant reduction in bacterial cell viability.
60. A synthesis of methacrylic acid (1943)

T. White, J. Chem. Soc., 1943, 238 DOI: 10.1039/JR9430000238
Multi-terawatt chirped pulse optical parametric amplifier with a time-shear power amplification stage (2009)

We report on a compact and simple, broadband optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier system that amplifies femtosecond pulses directly from a titanium sapphire oscillator up to 2 TW power. Our system relies on a new technique - time shear - that improves the time overlap between the seed and pump pulses and, thus, improves the efficiency of the power amplification stage pumped with a ns laser. Parametric amplification was achieved in two stages: a multipass, noncollinear geometry preamplifier with a single beta-barium borate crystal, and a power booster stage incorporating three beta-barium borate crystals in the new time-shear design. Both stages were pumped with pulses from a commercial 10 Hz frequency doubled ns Nd:YAG laser. The system delivers 49 mJ pulses with a temporal width of 23 fs and its overall conversion efficiency after pulse compression is 10%.
Polymeric separation media for capillary electrophoresis of nucleic acids (1997)

The choice of polymer matrix for separating nucleic acids by capillary electrophoresis has often been arbitrary. However, considerable research in the area has led to a wealth of data exploring the key parameters of the polymer matrix that affect nucleic acid separations: polymer type, polymer molecular mass, polymer concentration, temperature, and buffer components and additives. Using this information, it is possible to use rational methods of choosing a good polymer matrix for a particular application. Further research into the properties of the mechanism of separation in polymer solutions, as well as the polymer matrix and other solution components will lead to even more efficient separations.
Detailed study of the quadrupole mass analyzer operating within the first, second, and third (intermediate) stability regions. I. Analytical approach (1998)

The theoretical aspects of ion separation in imperfect fields of the quadrupole mass analyzer operating within the first, second, and third stability regions are discussed by analysis of the beam dynamics in phase-space. The analytical approach uses an approximate solution of the Hill equation with a small heterogeneous part. These calculations indicate that the trap mechanism of ion separation is conditioned by the properties of characteristic solutions. These solutions are reduced to an approximate solution in the form of a general solution of a homogeneous Mathieu equation with combined factors taking into account a small heterogeneous part that defines the region of beam capture (acceptance) in phase-space. The infringement of independence principle of ion oscillations about each of the positional axes caused by distortions increases the cross-sectional area of the beam. The beam is cut out by the mass analyzer aperture. This causes transmission losses that depend on phase. Therefore, the ion current at the mass analyzer exit is amplitude modulated by the frequency of the radiofrequency (rf) component of the field. The maximum current is at zero phase. The modulation depth is proportional to the relative value of the distortions.
A communication from the treasurer (1953)

of the Treasurer for the six-month period December 1, 1952-May 31, 1953
Disordered packings of core-shell particles with angle-independent structural colors (2012)

Making materials that display angle-independent structural color requires control over both scattering and short-range correlations in the refractive index. We demonstrate a simple way to make such materials by packing core-shell colloidal particles consisting of high-refractive-index cores and soft, transparent shells. The core-shell structure allows us to control the scattering cross-section of the particles independently of the interparticle distance, which sets the resonance condition. At the same time, the softness of the shells makes it easy to assemble disordered structures through centrifugation. We show that packings of these particles display angle-independent structural colors that can be tuned by changing the shell diameter, either by using different particles or simply by varying the concentration of the suspension. The transparency of the suspensions can be tuned independently of the color by changing the core diameter. These materials might be useful for electronic displays, cosmetics, or long-lasting dyes.
Signal Transduction During Nutrient Limitation (2001)

Cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can undergo profound molecular, physiological and morphological modifications in response to a limited supply of essential nutrients, in particular carbon or nitrogen sources. These include a shift in transcription patterns, the modification of the cell cycle, a change in budding pattern and strongly polarised growth. Cells having undergone these modifications do not separate after cell division is completed and form chains of elongated cells called pseudohyphae or filaments. Cells growing as filaments are able to invade agar plates and other substrates, a phenomenon referred to as invasive growth. A network of signal transduction pathways governs this switch from yeast-like growth to pseudohyphal and invasive growth. Important elements of this network have been identified, including nutrient signal-receptors, GTP-binding proteins, components of the pheromonedependent MAP kinase cascade, cAMP, and several transcription factors. In this review, we summarise our current knowledge in this rapidly progressing field. We focus particularly on the interactions between several signal transduction modules and on the different transcription factors, which are regulated by these signalling modules.
Experimental Measurement and Numerical Study of Particle Deposition in Highly Idealized Mouth-Throat Models (2006)

Particle deposition in the human mouth-throat is an important factor in evaluating efficiency of drug delivered by inhalation devices, such as pMDIs or DPIs. Current USP standard impactor induction ports (which serve as an in vitro representative of the adult mouth-throat) underpredict in vivo mouth-throat deposition. However, preliminary experimental data in the prototype geometry of a highly idealized mouth-throat has indicated that it is a promising replacement for the USP mouth-throat (CitationZhang et al. 2004).
Synthesis of 3β‐Hydroxy[21‐<sup>14</sup>C]‐5β‐pregn‐8(14)‐en‐20‐one from Chenodeoxycholic Acid (1986)

Abstract 3β‐Hydroxy[21‐ 14 C]5β‐pregn‐8(14)‐en‐20‐one ( 17 ) was prepared from chenodeoxycholic acid ( 1a ). The synthetic sequence involved: ( i ) degradation of the bile‐acid side chain to an etianic acid; ( ii ) formation of the 8(14)‐double bond; ( iii ) inversion of the configuration at C(3); ( iv ) construction of the acetyl side chain at C(17) with the required isotopic label at C(21). Structures of all described products were confirmed by chemical and spectroscopic (IR, 1 H‐NMR, 13 C‐NMR, MS) methods.
Exploiting hierarchical structure to enhance cell-based RET with localized OPC reconfiguration (2005)

Design tools exploit design hierarchy for speed, efficiency and reuse. Conventional OPC solutions, however, do not fully exploit such structures and hence are not very efficient. Since a cell may be instantiated thousands of times in a design, this implies that redundant OPC operations are usually applied, at the cell instance level, repeatedly to the same master cell within the context of the design. Some cell-based OPC studies have been performed in an attempt to alleviate such inefficiency. For example, Gupta, Heng and Lavin have shown that a simple cell-based (book-based) OPC approach has negligible OPC imperfectness around cell boundaries but has an average P/D speed-up, where P is the number of master placement cells and D is the number of master cells. This article presents an alternative approach to the above mentioned works. Here, we illustrate that it is not only possible to apply OPC on a per-cell basis, but also to "stitch" already corrected cells along their interacting areas together to form a proximity corrected final layout. Because of the stitching steps, our approach can handle more practical and complicated hierarchical layouts than those described in Gupta et al. and achieve OPC quality equivalent to that obtained using conventional OPC methods. In addition, since our approach performs the majority of OPC work at the cell level, we can maintain the runtime savings comparable to that demonstrated by Gupta et al. This technique of localized OPC reconfiguration can be extended to handle applications such as manufacturing ECO handling and design re-spins.
Vortexing Flow Patterns in a Water Model of Slab Continuous Casting Mold (2005)

A water model experiment was conducted to observe the vortexing flow in the steel slab continuous casting mold, the snake- shaped Plexiglas mold was designed to simulate the actual caster. The camera was used to record the flow patterns, which were visualized by injecting the black sesames into water. The changes of shape of single vortex and two vortices with time have been observed during experiments. A numerical model has been developed to analyze the vortexing flow, which may be produced by moving the submerged entry nozzle from center to off-center in the slab continuous casting of steel. According to the numerical results, the vortexing flow is resulted from three-dimensional biased flow in the mold. A vortex is located at the low velocity side adjacent to the submerged entry nozzle. The vortex strength depends on the local horizontal velocity of fluid and decreases gradually with distance from the free surface. The vortexing zone size depends on the biased distance of the submerged entry nozzle, and intensity of the vortexing flow depends on the casting speed of the continuous caster.
Biologically active transcripts from cloned cDNA of genomic grapevine fanleaf nepovirus RNAs (1993)

Transcripts were produced in vitro by run-off transcription from full-length cDNA of RNA1 and RNA2 of grapevine fanleaf nepovirus (GFLV; isolate F13) cloned downstream from a bacteriophage RNA polymerase promoter. These transcripts, which possess a 5' terminal cap structure and a non-viral G residue instead of the naturally occurring genome-linked viral protein (VPg), are infectious to Chenopodium quinoa protoplasts when inoculated by electroporation. Synthetic RNA1 alone replicated in protoplasts. Inoculation of C. quinoa plants with synthetic RNA1 plus RNA2 produced symptoms similar to, but weaker, than those observed in plants infected with natural GFLV 6 to 8 days post-inoculation. Co-inoculated RNA1 and RNA2 were able to replicate and spread systemically in plants but RNA1 alone produced no symptoms and was not detected in non-inoculated leaves, suggesting that virus spread requires RNA2. Analysis of the genomic RNAs in plants infected with transcripts showed that the non-viral G at their 5' ends was not retained in the progeny.
Temporal Video Segmentation by Graph Partitioning (2006)

A novel temporal video segmentation method that, in addition to abrupt cuts, can detect with very high accuracy gradual transitions such as dissolves, fades and wipes is proposed. The method relies on evaluating mutual information between multiple pairs of frames within a certain temporal frame window. This way we create a graph where the frames are nodes and the measures of similarity correspond to the weights of the edges. By finding and disconnecting the weak connections between nodes we separate the graph to subgraphs ideally corresponding to the shots. Experiments on TRECVID2004 video test set containing different types of shot transitions and significant object and camera motion inside the shots prove that the method is very efficient.
Depth camera image processing and applications (2012)

Time-of-flight (ToF) and structured light depth cameras have got increasing interest for their ability of direct 3D geometry acquisition. Robotics, computer vision and graphics researchers have tried to employ depth camera for their applications such as robot navigation, gesture recognition, 3d reconstruction, etc. Depth cameras, however, suffer from lots of unique noises such as range ambiguity, scattering and motion blur. For instance, the depth motion blur cannot be correctly removed by any conventional deblurring method yielding serious distortions in 3D reconstruction. In this paper, we introduce various systematic and non-systematic depth errors and state of the art enhancement methods.
Thermomechanical, dynamic mechanical and ielectric methods (2002)

The dimensional and mechanical stability of materials is of paramount importance to their use in the everyday world where they may encounter a wide variation in temperature through design or by accident. Many polymers are processed at elevated temperatures so as to enable them to flow and be more amenable to fabrication. Food items are cooked, pasteurised or otherwise heated or frozen. Ceramics are fired so as to consolidate their final structure. The relationship between a material's dimensional and mechanical properties and its temperature is studied by the techniques described within this chapter and, due to common concepts, the effect of heat on the electrical properties of materials is also considered.
Der Desolventizer‐Toaster‐Trockner‐Kühler (TTK), ein neues Verfahren bei der Verarbeitung von Ölsaaten (1976)

Abstract Ein neues Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Schrot und Saatgut in der Ölmühlenindustrie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Produktqualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit wird vorgestellt. Bauweise und Funktion der Anlage werden näher beschrieben, und anhand von Betriebswerten wird die Wirtschaftlichkeit erläutert.
New trellis codes based on lattices and cosets (1987)

A new technique is proposed for constructing trellis codes. which provides an alternative to Ungerboeck's method of "set partitioning." The new codes use a signal constellation consisting of points from an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -dimensional lattice <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Lambda</tex> , with an equal number of points from each coset of a sublattice <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Lambda '</tex> . One part of the input stream drives a generalized convolutional code whose outputs are cosets of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Lambda '</tex> , while the other part selects points from these cosets. Several of the new codes are better than those previously known.
Morphologic and Histopathologic Changes in the Rabbit Cornea Produced by Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Multilayer Intrastromal Ablation (2009)

Multilayer intrastromal ablation by the femtosecond laser with intact epithelium in the midperiphery of the corneal stroma can flatten the cornea without causing haze formation or refractive regression. This procedure allows the cornea to heal differently than when traditional corneal refractive surgery is performed and the epithelium is damaged.
A mitochondrial <scp>ROS</scp> pathway controls matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels and invasive properties in <scp>RAS</scp>‐activated cancer cells (2018)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are tissue-remodeling enzymes involved in the processing of various biological molecules. MMPs also play important roles in cancer metastasis, contributing to angiogenesis, intravasation of tumor cells, and cell migration and invasion. Accordingly, unraveling the signaling pathways controlling MMP activities could shed additional light on cancer biology. Here, we report a molecular axis, comprising the molecular adaptor hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 (HIC-5), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and mitochondria-associated reactive oxygen species (mtROS), that regulates MMP9 expression and may be a target to suppress cancer metastasis. We found that this axis primarily downregulates mtROS levels which stabilize MMP9 mRNA. Specifically, HIC-5 suppressed the expression of NOX4, the source of the mtROS, thereby decreasing mtROS levels and, consequently, destabilizing MMP9 mRNA. Interestingly, among six cancer cell lines, only EJ-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited upregulation of NOX4 and MMP9 expression after shRNA-mediated HIC-5 knockdown. In these two cell lines, activating RAS mutations commonly occur, suggesting that the HIC-5-mediated suppression of NOX4 depends on RAS signaling, a hypothesis that was supported experimentally by the introduction of activated RAS into mammary epithelial cells. Notably, HIC-5 knockdown promoted lung metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells in mice. The tumor growth of HIC-5-silenced MDA-MB-231 cells at the primary sites was comparable to that of control cells. Consistently, the invasive properties of the cells, but not their proliferation, were enhanced by the HIC-5 knockdown in vitro. We conclude that NOX4-mediated mtROS signaling increases MMP9 mRNA stability and affects cancer invasiveness but not tumor growth.
Blood analysis using black and white digital images (1992)

Image processing offers a powerful tool for medical diagnosis by visual inspection. Our proposed system considers the blood analysis problem. The system processes black and white blood images obtained from a CCD camera through a microscope. Different categories of cells are recognized, counted and classified into white cells, red cells and blood petals. The white cells are further treated for their classification, according to the morphological characteristics of their nuclei. The final classification is printed in special format for the physician.
A Modified Suzuki Reaction of 1,1-Dibromo-1-alkenes (2000)

The (E)-bromides in 1,1-dibromo-1-alkenes were stereoselectively coupled with aryl- or alkenylboronic acids to give the corresponding (Z)-1-Aryl(alkenyl)-1-bromo-1-alkenes. Tris(2-furyl)phosphine (TFP) was used as the ligand to palladium, and the combination of 1,4-dioxane and aqueous sodium carbonate produced the best results.
Evaluation of antifungal activity of carbonate and bicarbonate salts alone or in combination with biocontrol agents in control of citrus green mold. (2007)

The aim of this research was to determine if the attacks of green mold on orange could be reduced by edible salts alone or in combination with biocontrol agent. For this purpose toxicity to Pantoea digitatum and practical use of sodium carbonate (SC), sodium bicarbonate (SBC) and potassium carbonate, and potassium bicarbonate alone or in combination with antagonistic bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate PN, Bacillus subtilis isolate VHN, Pantoea agglomerans isolate CA) to control green mold were determined. All were fungistatic. SC and SBC were equal and superior to the other salts for control of green mold on oranges inoculated 6h before treatment and were chosen for subsequent trails under cold storage conditions. The biocontrol agents were found completely tolerant to 3% sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate at room temperature; although their culturability was reduced by > 1000-fold after 60 min in 1% other salt solutions. Satisfactory results were also obtained with the combined treatment for control of green mold. A significant increase in biocontrol activity of all isolate was observed when combined with sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. The treatments comprising CA combined with SB was as effective as fungicide treatment. Thus, use of sodium bicarbonate treatment at 3% followed by the antagonist P. agglomerans CA could be an alternative to chemical fungicides for control of green mold on oranges.
New Editions of Tacitus - (1) P. Cornelius Tacitus: Annalium ab Excessu Divi Augusti Quae Supersunt. Edidit Harald Fughs. Volumen I (i–vi), pp. vii+252+6; Volumen II (xi–xvi), pp. vii+249+6. Frauenfeld: Huber, 1946, 1949. Cloth and boards, 5, 6 Sw. fr. - (2) Cornelii Taciti De Vita Iulii Agricolae Liber, Dialogus de Oratoribus. Recensuit M. Lenchantin de Gubernatis. (Corpus Scr. Latinorum Paravianum.) Pp. xxxi+48, xxvii+64. Turin: Paravia, 1949. Paper, <i>L</i>. 360, 420. (1953)

New Editions of Tacitus - (1) P. Cornelius Tacitus: Annalium ab Excessu Divi Augusti Quae Supersunt. Edidit Harald Fughs. Volumen I (i–vi), pp. vii+252+6; Volumen II (xi–xvi), pp. vii+249+6. Frauenfeld: Huber, 1946, 1949. Cloth and boards, 5, 6 Sw. fr. - (2) Cornelii Taciti De Vita Iulii Agricolae Liber, Dialogus de Oratoribus. Recensuit M. Lenchantin de Gubernatis. (Corpus Scr. Latinorum Paravianum.) Pp. xxxi+48, xxvii+64. Turin: Paravia, 1949. Paper, L. 360, 420. - Volume 3 Issue 1
Tetrachloroethene transformation to trichloroethene and cis-1,2-dichloroethene by sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures (1990)

Tetrachloroethene, also known as perchloroethylene, was reductively dechlorinated to trichloroethene and cis-1,2-dichloroethene by laboratory sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures. The causative organism or group was not identified. However, tetrachloroethene was dechlorinated to trichloroethene in 50 mM bromoethane-sulfonate-inhibited enrichments and to trichloroethene and cis-1,2-dichloroethene in 3 mM fluoroacetate-inhibited enrichments. Overall transformation varied from 92% tetrachloroethene removal in 13 days to 22% removal in 65 days, depending on conditions of the inoculum, inhibitor used, and auxilliary substrate used. Neither lactate, acetate, methanol, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, hexanoic acid, succinic acid, nor hydrogen appeared directly to support tetrachloroethene dechlorination, although lactate-fed inocula demonstrated longer-term dechlorinating capability.
Silencing of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ROR1 Inhibits Tumor-Cell Proliferation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2015)

Receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1, an embryonic protein involved in organogenesis, is expressed in certain hematological malignancies and solid tumors, but is generally absent in adult tissues. This makes the protein an ideal drug target for cancer therapy. In order to assess the suitability of ROR1 as a cell surface antigen for targeted therapy of lung adenocarcinoma, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of ROR1 protein expression in human lung adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines. Our data show that ROR1 protein is selectively expressed on lung adenocarcinoma cells, but do not support the hypothesis that expression levels of ROR1 are associated with aggressive disease. However silencing of ROR1 via siRNA treatment significantly down-regulates the activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. This is associated with significant apoptosis and anti-proliferation of tumor cells. We found ROR1 protein expressed in lung adenocarcinoma but almost absent in tumor-adjacent tissues of the patients. The finding of ROR1-mediated proliferation signals in both tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-sensitive and -resistant tumor cells provides encouragement to develop ROR1-directed targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma, especially those with TKI resistance.