gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of software process simulation modeling in software risk management: A systematic review (2009)

Nowadays software projects are still suffering from many problems due to various kinds of software risks. Software risk management is a crucial part of successful project management, but it is often not well implemented in real-world software projects. One reason is that project managers lack effective and practical tools to manage software risks. Software process simulation modeling (SPSM) has been emerging as a promising approach to address a variety of issues in software engineering area, including risk management. However, the current state of how SPSM supports software risk management is not yet clear. This paper presents a systematic literature review which purpose is to obtain the state of the art of the applications of SPSM in software risk management. We drew the following conclusions from the review results: (1) The number of SPSM studies on software risk management is relatively small, but increasing gradually in recent years. (2) SPSM is mainly applied in risk analysis and risk management planning activities. (3) Software risks related to requirements, development process and management process are the ones most studied by SPSM. (4) Discrete-event simulation and system dynamics are two most popular simulation paradigms, while Hybrid simulation methods are more and more widely used. (5) Extend, iThink and Vensim are the most popular simulation tools in SPSM. (6) Most of SPSM approaches and models have not been well applied into real-world risk management practices.
PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF BRAIN ACETYL‐CHOLINESTERASE (EC 3.1.1.7)<sup>1</sup> (1972)

Abstract— Approximately 50 per cent of the total AChE of brain tissue was solubilized by a simple procedure of repeated homogenization and centrifugation in 0.32 M‐sucrose containing EDTA. Ion‐exchange and molecular‐sieve chromatography demonstrated two peaks of AChE activity which apparently differed with respect to charge properties and molecular size. The most active preparation of AChE, which hydrolysed 13,500 μMmoles of acetylthiocholine/mg of protein/h, had an estimated molecular weight of 291,000 and was contaminated by a single protein component, as judged by disc gel electrophoresis.
RF interconnect for multi-gbit/s board-level clock distribution (2000)

With clock distribution of over 1 GHz, problems associated with clock skew, power consumption, and timing jitter are becoming critical for determining the processing speed of high-performance digital systems, especially for multi-processor systems. Conventional digital clock distribution interconnection has a severe power consumption problem for GHz clock distribution because of the transmission line losses, as well as exhibiting difficult signal integrity problems due to clock skew, clerk jitter and signal reflection. To overcome conventional digital clock distribution limitations, optical clock distribution techniques, based on guided-wave optics and free-space optics, have been proposed. However, the optical clock distribution is found to be bulky, hard to fabricate, and expensive, even though it has lower power consumption and excellent signal integrity properties. In this paper, a multi-Gbit/s clock distribution scheme to minimize power consumption, skew, and jitter, based on RF interconnect technology, especially for the medium clock frequency region from 200 MHz to 10 GHz, and interconnection line lengths of from 10 cm to 3 m, is proposed. A quantitative comparison is made between the guided optical, the free-space optical, the conventional digital, and the proposed RF interconnections for board-level clock distribution relative to power consumption and speed. The proposed board-level clock distribution with 32-fan-outs has successfully demonstrated less than 22-ps skew and less than 3-ps jitter at 2 GHz. The estimated power consumption of the clock link for the proposed clock distribution has been shown to be about 320 mW. Furthermore, the proposed clock receiver using the RF clock distribution scheme has demonstrated less than 2-ps dead time and 3-ps skew time.
Carbon nanotubes (1998)

Carbon nanotubes are unique nanostructures with remarkable electronic and mechanical properties. Interest from the research community first focused on their exotic electronic properties, since nanotubes can be considered as prototypes for a one-dimensional quantum wire. As other useful properties have been discovered, particularly strength, interest has grown in potential applications. Carbon nanotubes could be used, for example, in nanometre-sized electronics or to strengthen polymer materials.
Polymorphism in the Serotonin Receptor 2a (HTR2A) Gene as Possible Predisposal Factor for Aggressive Traits (2015)

Aggressive manifestations and their consequences are a major issue of mankind, highlighting the need for understanding the contributory factors. Still, aggression-related genetic analyses have so far mainly been conducted on small population subsets such as individuals suffering from a certain psychiatric disorder or a narrow-range age cohort, but no data on the general population is yet available. In the present study, our aim was to identify polymorphisms in genes affecting neurobiological processes that might explain some of the inter-individual variation between aggression levels in the non-clinical Caucasian adult population. 55 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were simultaneously determined in 887 subjects who also filled out the self-report Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Single marker association analyses between genotypes and aggression scores indicated a significant role of rs7322347 located in the HTR2A gene encoding serotonin receptor 2a following Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p = 0.0007) both for males and females. Taking the four BPAQ subscales individually, scores for Hostility, Anger and Physical Aggression showed significant association with rs7322347 T allele in themselves, while no association was found with Verbal Aggression. Of the subscales, relationship with rs7322347 was strongest in the case of Hostility, where statistical significance virtually equaled that observed with the whole BPAQ. In conclusion, this is the first study to our knowledge analyzing SNPs in a wide variety of genes in terms of aggression in a large sample-size non-clinical adult population, also describing a novel candidate polymorphism as predisposal to aggressive traits.
State of the Art of Friendly “Green” Scale Control Inhibitors: A Review Article (2011)

Scale deposition is a difficulty encountered with water containing ions of sparingly soluble salts. A widely used technique for controlling scale deposition is by dosage of an antiscalant. Large quantities of polymeric scale inhibitors are used for scale control in cooling water systems, water desalination processes, and oil field operations. Like most conventional polymers, scale inhibitors are built for long existence and persist for many years after their disposal. Increasing environmental concern and discharge limitations have caused scale-inhibitor chemistry to move toward “green antiscalants” that readily biodegrade, have low mobility for minimum environmental impact, and are cost-effective. This review summarizes efforts to develop cost-effective ecologically benign scale inhibitors. Currently, the most promising green scale inhibitors are based on poly(aspartic acid). However, field operation data are very limited, and widespread use of poly(aspartic acid) scale inhibitors awaits field operation experience.
A modular and scalable HVDC current flow controller (2015)

Due to technical and economic benefits there is an increasing interest in establishing an overlaying HVDC grid. Therefore, a current flow control is essential. In this paper a modular and scalable HVDC current flow controller is presented, which allows a direct exchange of power between two or more cables. In the first section the functional principle of the HVDC Balancing MMC is presented and a fundamental analysis of the steady state operation is done. In the second section an average loss calculation is described. In both sections the general results are discussed for a chosen point of operation.
Two Chains of Rhamnogalacturonan II Are Cross-Linked by Borate-Diol Ester Bonds in Higher Plant Cell Walls (1996)

Polysaccharide moiety of the boron-polysaccharide complex (T. Matoh, K. Ishigaki, K. Ohno, J. Azuma [1993] Plant Cell Physiol 34: 639-642) isolated from radish (Raphanus sativus) roots has been shown to be rhamnogalacturonan II by glycosyl-linkage analysis and the presence of diagnostic monosaccharides, including apiose, aceric acid, 2-O-methylfucose, and 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid. Removal of boron from the complex reduced the molecular weight by one-half without causing a significant increase in the number of reducing end groups, indicating that boron, as boric acid, links two rhamnogalacturonan II chains together to form the boron-polysaccharide complex.
A novel approach based on deep learning techniques and UAVs to yield assessment of paddy fields (2017)

Yield assessment is one of the main interests at regional and national levels of agriculture management. The accuracy of the assessment is not highly expected inherently and, moreover, some costly and sophisticated tools (e.g., satellite images) have been usually involved without a careful consideration of their investment. In this paper, a novel approach has been proposed orienting to farmers (especially in Southeastern Asia) who are only affordable for low cost and easy-to-use tools. With this vision, the paper presents an idea to co-operate certain, powerful and modern technologies-deep neural networks (DNNs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-with respect to solving the problem of yield assessment. The imagery of paddy fields acquired by UAVs at low altitudes is then used for training DNNs and assessing the yield of the paddy fields. Four DNN models are applied to figure out the most appropriate one for this approach. To test the applicability of the proposed approach, some experiments are conducted on a dataset which was collected at paddy fields in Tay Ninh province, Vietnam. The yield assessment is not directly predicted from DNNs, instead being achieved by a combination of the classification results and a bush-level yield estimation of agricultural experts in the fields. The paper indicates that the proposed approach is quite potential for precision agriculture, along with some remaining challenges.
Silver Nanodisks with Tunable Size by Heat Aging (2008)

A large quantity of well-defined silver nanodisks was prepared by heating silver nanoprisms in aqueous solution. By adjusting only the heating time, the conversion of the morphology and the size of the nanoplates could be easily and effectively controlled. The local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the silver nanoplates could be tuned in a certain range in the heat-aging process. A gradual blue shift in their LSPR bands with the aging time was observed from 655 to 472 nm. The transformation of the morphology during heat aging was captured by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM images indicate that the silver atoms on the corners and sides of the nanoprisms dissociate and rearrange during the period of shape transformation. The dissociation of the silver atoms at the sides of the nanoplates is overwhelming when the size shrinks, which is due to the difference in the surface energy and the limiting of citrate stabilization. In addition to the heating effect, we found that the concentration of citrate is another crucial factor for rebuilding the silver nanoplates.
Evaluation and Operation of Atomic Beam Tube Frequency Standards Using Time Domain Velocity Selection Modulation (1973)

Pulsed excitation of atomic and molecular beam devices with separated Ramsey-type interaction regions allows the observation of signals due to very narrow atomic velocity groups. The theoretical background of this method is discussed. Experimental operation of a near mono-velocity cesium beam tube is demonstrated. The velocity distribution of a commercial cesium beam tube is obtained using the pulse method. The normal Ramsey pattern of this beam tube is calculated from the velocity distribution and compared with the measured Ramsey pattern. The pulse method allows the direct determination of the cavity phase shift and of the second-order Doppler correction in beam devices. The pulse method thus shows promise for the evaluation of existing laboratory as well as commercial cesium beam tubes with respect to these effects.
Robust design method for highly efficient beam-shaping diffractive optical elements using an iterative-Fourier-transform algorithm with soft operations (2000)

Abstract Beam-shaping diffractive optical elements give a desired intensity distribution in the diffraction plane over areas much larger than the diffraction limited spot size. Such elements can be designed using geometrical optics methods or iterative-Fourier-transform algorithms (IFTAs). The usefulness of geometrical optics methods is considerably limited for two reasons: first the number of cases for which a solution exists is small and second the design solution, if it exists, often does not work in practice. Then IFTAs can be used. They are applicable for any desired intensity distribution in the diffraction plane with any intensity cross-section of the incident beam. The IFTA presented in this paper uses a novel set of operations that introduce a minimum disturbance of the fields while still leading to an improved performance. This makes the method robust, insensitive to stagnation and capable of iteratively distributing an increasing portion of the light in the diffraction plane into the desired areas thus leading to a high efficiency (∼95%). Three design examples are given and one is also tested experimentally.
Design of an adaptive tension/velocity controller for winding processes (2002)

In a winding process, important control specifications include regulation of web tension and velocity. In this research, an adaptive tension/velocity controller has been developed for winding processes. For the controller design, the linear quadratic regulator theory has been adopted and a gain-scheduling scheme has been incorporated. A prototype winding system has been constructed, and the controller has been implemented in a real-time PC-based environment. The performance of the closed loop system has been evaluated via simulation and experiments, and it was observed that both the web tension and velocity could be regulated within a small tolerance.
Morphees (2013)

We introduce the term shape resolution, which adds to the existing definitions of screen and touch resolution. We propose a framework, based on a geometric model (Non-Uniform Rational B-splines), which defines a metric for shape resolution in ten features. We illustrate it by comparing the current related work of shape changing devices. We then propose the concept of Morphees that are self-actuated flexible mobile devices adapting their shapes on their own to the context of use in order to offer better affordances. For instance, when a game is launched, the mobile device morphs into a console-like shape by curling two opposite edges to be better grasped with two hands. We then create preliminary prototypes of Morphees in order to explore six different building strategies using advanced shape changing materials (dielectric electro active polymers and shape memory alloys). By comparing the shape resolution of our prototypes, we generate insights to help designers toward creating high shape resolution Morphees.
Type conversion in irradiated silicon diodes (1997)

We have observed conversion from p- to n-type of the base layer of n+\p\p+ silicon diodes irradiated with more than roughly 5×1016 cm−2 1 MeV electrons. Annealing for 15 min at 200 °C results in a recovery of p-type conduction in diodes in which type conversion had been induced. Solar cells which employ the same diode structure are severely degraded by irradiation with more than 1016 cm−2 1 MeV electrons and show only a weak infrared response after irradiation with 1017 cm−2 1 MeV electrons, consistent with the creation of an n+\n\p structure due to type conversion.
The Negative Regulation of Red Cell Mass by Neocytolysis: Physiologic and Pathophysiologic Manifestations (2005)

We have uncovered a physiologic process which negatively regulates the red cell mass by selectively hemolyzing young circulating red blood cells. This allows fine control of the number of circulating red blood cells under steady-state conditions and relatively rapid adaptation to new environments. Neocytolysis is initiated by a fall in erythropoietin levels, so this hormone remains the major regulator of red cell mass both with anemia and with red cell excess. Physiologic situations in which there is increased neocytolysis include the emergence of newborns from the hypoxic uterine environment and the descent of polycythemic high-altitude dwellers to sea level. The process first became apparent while investigating the mechanism of the anemia that invariably occurs after spaceflight. Astronauts experience acute central plethora on entering microgravity resulting in erythropoietin suppression and neocytolysis, but the reduced blood volume and red cell mass become suddenly maladaptive on re-entry to earth's gravity. The pathologic erythropoietin deficiency of renal disease precipitates neocytolysis, which explains the prolongation of red cell survival consistently resulting from erythropoietin therapy and points to optimally efficient erythropoietin dosing schedules. Implications should extend to a number of other physiologic and pathologic situations including polycythemias, hemolytic anemias, 'blood-doping' by elite athletes, and oxygen therapy. It is likely that erythropoietin influences endothelial cells which in turn signal reticuloendothelial phagocytes to destroy or permit the survival of young red cells marked by surface molecules. Ongoing studies to identify the molecular targets and cytokine intermediaries should facilitate detection, dissection and eventual therapeutic manipulation of the process.
SURFACES DESIGNED TO KILL BACTERIA (2002)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSURFACES DESIGNED TO KILL BACTERIATreatments kill bacteria on porous, nonporous surfaces and are unlikely to induce resistanceSTU BORMANView Author Information C&EN WASHINGTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2002, 80, 23, 36–38Publication Date (Print):June 10, 2002Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 10 June 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v080n023.p036https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v080n023.p036newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Bacteria Get e-Alerts
Simulation applications in the automotive industry: establishment of product offering and production leveling principles via supply chain simulation under order-to-delivery environment (2002)

In support of the order-to-delivery (OTD) business initiative, a simulation framework has been developed at GM R&D. The OTD simulation program is aimed at simulating the behavior of the OTD supply chain using detailed inputs associated with demand, supply, and production processes. Customer demand variation is a key source of uncertainty in GM's supply chain. Early capture of customer demand fluctuation enables GM to effectively reduce aggregate mismatch between production and sales and appropriate time series models have been suggested to capture demand patterns based on actual data. The vehicle model and option mix with a given demand variation influences the performance of the OTD supply chain and provides a means to establish certain principles determining the extent of product offering and the scope of production leveling. Analyzing the impact of the model and option mix on primary supply chain performance measures, such as customer wait time, condition mismatch, and parts usage, capacitates reduction of the mismatch between demand and production and stabilizes supply chain operations.
Rapamycin eluting stent: the onset of a new era in interventional cardiology (2002)

Drug eluting stents represent one of the fastest growing fields in interventional cardiology today.

At the congress of the European Society of Cardiology in Amsterdam in 2000, I (PWS) was asked to give the Andreas Gruentzig Lecture. In the week preceding the lecture, we re-angiographied patients 32 and 33 of the initial cohort of patients who had received a rapamycin eluting stent in Sao Paulo and in Rotterdam. Scrutinising the 4–6 month angiographic and ultrasonic results of these patients, I became overwhelmingly convinced that we were the privileged witnesses of a new phenomenon: the almost complete abolition of intra-stent neointimal proliferation. Colleagues, invasive and non-invasive cardiologists, old friends, and financial analysts were surprised by the unusual “excess of enthusiasm” coming from somebody who has built over the years a reputation as a critical assessor, never one to be carried away by the hype of a new wave in interventional cardiology. In the history of this field I have recognised (and “got excited” by, as my American colleagues used to put it) only two revolutionary developments: the introduction of the moveable and steerable guidewire by John Simpson, and the advent of the stent (Palmaz-Schatz, Wallstent). The drug eluting stent is the third such development, and almost one year later I would like to restate the fact that we are entering a new era in interventional cardiology. Why? Because the principle of an eluting stent is sound, and because the three major technical challenges have been mastered—the controlled release of an efficient drug from a stable coating.

Drug administration for the prevention of restenosis has been tested in the past—with disappointing results throughout. A proposed explanation for the repeated failure of clinical drug studies has been that agents given systematically cannot reach sufficient concentrations in injured arteries, which has a signficant impact …