gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Omnipaque and Urografin in Arthrography of the Knee (1984)

The first experience with Omnipaque in arthrography of the knee in patients is reported. Forty arthrographies were performed using either Omnipaque 350 mg I/ml or Urografin 370 mg I/ml at random. The low-osmolar non-ionic Omnipaque showed a tendency for pain of shorter duration and lower incidence of hydrops. A significantly lower incidence of complaints of tension and swelling and assessed reactive synovitis was demonstrated. Both contrast media produced excellent synovial coating on standard series, but Omnipaque showed a slower decrease in attenuation.
Double-Comb-Finger Design to Eliminate Cross-Axis Sensitivity in a Dual-Axis Accelerometer (2017)

We present a dual-axis accelerometer with zero cross-axis sensitivity. In general, multiaxis accelerometers with single proof-mass have multiple degrees of freedom, making them susceptible to high cross-axis sensitivity. In this article, a novel differential capacitive finger scheme is presented, which fully eliminates the in-plane cross-axis sensitivity at the device level. The proposed accelerometer is highly sensitive and has a differential capacitance scale factor of 80.97 fF/g (g = 9.8 m/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) over + 10 g range with a pull-in voltage of 6 V. Additionally, the out-of-plane motion due to acceleration in the Z-axis direction is significantly suppressed due to the high-spring constant in that direction. The device is fabricated in a compact footprint of 1.6 mm x 1.6 mm using GlobalFoundries' Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) platform.
Use of 2H-heptafluoropropane, 1-iodoheptafluoropropane, and 2-iodoheptafluoropropane for a high aspect ratio via etch in a high density plasma etch tool (1998)

An issue currently facing the semiconductor industry is the use and emission of perfluorocompounds (PFCs), gases which are believed to contribute to global warming, in a number of plasma processes used in integrated circuit manufacture, including wafer patterning. Several approaches to reducing emissions of these compounds are being considered, namely abatement, recapture/recovery, process optimization, as well as the development of alternative chemistries as PFC substitutes. The authors present here the results of an effort to test several alternatives in a silicon dioxide etch application (high aspect ratio via etch). 2H-heptafluoropropane, 1-iodoheptafluoropropane, and 2-iodoheptafluoropropane, were tested in an Applied Materials Centura 5300 high density plasma etch tool. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the process effluent. The process performance and emissions of the alternative etchants were compared to those of a standard chemistry on the Centura 5300 etch tool.
Positive and negative regulatory elements in the mouse albumin enhancer. (1989)

Most enhancer elements so far described are comprised of multiple DNA binding sites for proteins that act to increase the rate of transcription. In this report we show that the far upstream mouse albumin enhancer element (-10.5 to -8.5 kilobase pairs) is a composite of at least three functional regions: a negative region that suppresses an otherwise positive, liver-specific enhancer element and a third region that by itself is inactive but in conjunction with the remaining elements overrides the effect of the negative region. The protein that binds to the overriding element is C/EBP, a liver-enriched transcription factor, whereas the newly identified protein that is responsible for full liver-specific enhancer activity is found in HeLa cell and spleen extracts as well as in extracts prepared from the liver. This latter protein may therefore be an example of a widely distributed protein that because of cell-specific modification or interaction has a tissue-specific, positive action on transcription.
Time domain all-optical demultiplexing with a semiconductor directional coupler (1995)

We report the demonstration of demultiplexing of 150 fs pulses, without pulse breakup, in an AlGaAs nonlinear directional coupler operated at photon energies below half the band gap energy of AlGaAs.
An adaptive algorithm for real-time data transmission in multi-hop overlay networks (2010)

Aiming at improving the performance of real-time data transmission in multi-hop overlay networks, an adaptive flow control transmission algorithm is proposed. The approach considers the reality of low bandwidth and the requirement of high throughput in real-time media streaming so that it takes the
High-Dynamic-Range CT Reconstruction Based on Varying Tube-Voltage Imaging (2015)

For complicated structural components characterized by wide X-ray attenuation ranges, the conventional computed tomography (CT) imaging using a single tube-voltage at each rotation angle cannot obtain all structural information. This limitation results in a shortage of CT information, because the effective thickness of the components along the direction of X-ray penetration exceeds the limitation of the dynamic range of the X-ray imaging system. To address this problem, high-dynamic-range CT (HDR-CT) reconstruction is proposed. For this new method, the tube's voltage is adjusted several times to match the corresponding effective thickness about the local information from an object. Then, HDR fusion and HDR-CT are applied to obtain the full reconstruction information. An accompanying experiment demonstrates that this new technology can extend the dynamic range of X-ray imaging systems and provide the complete internal structures of complicated structural components.
Gas Lasers (1968)

A review is given of the present status of gas discharge lasers, with particular attention to developments reported in 1965 and early 1966. Following a brief history, gas lasers are classified by types--neutral atom, ion, and molecular--and a comparison is given of the properties of the various types. A short discussion is given of noise and coherence properties. Detailed descriptions are given of three recent developments of particular interest--the CO 2 laser, the argon-ion laser, and pulsed self-terminating lasers. Finally, brief mention is made of the most important present applications of gas lasers.
Tungstate catalysed oxidation of secondary amines with hydrogen peroxide. A novel transformation of secondary amines into nitrones (1984)

The sodium tungstate catalysed oxidation of secondary amines with hydrogen peroxide give the corresponding nitrones, which are versatile synthetic intermediates and spin trapping reagents, in a single step.
Intelligent Massive MIMO Antenna Selection Using Monte Carlo Tree Search (2019)

Antenna selection is a promising technology to achieve a good balance between high transmission capacity and low hardware complexity for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. However, the design of a near-optimal antenna selection algorithm with low searching complexity is still a challenge. In this paper, we describe a self-supervised learning based Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) method to solve the antenna selection problem for a massive MIMO system. The search process for selecting antennas with maximal channel capacity is converted to a decision-making based problem. Based on the system model of antenna selection, we map the components of a MIMO system to the basic elements of MCTS such as action, tree state, and reward. To improve the search efficiency of the MCTS, we employ a linear regression module to extract the channel features from the channel state information (CSI) and output the prediction to MCTS as prior probability. Since the data and label are generated by the MCTS process itself, the entire process can be considered as a self-supervised learning process. According to the simulation results, the proposed self-supervised learning MCTS-based antenna search method exhibits a high searching efficiency with near-optimal performance, which archives 40% and 15% outage capacity compared with random selection and greedy search selection, respectively. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed method has about 1-dB gain compared to the greedy search selection method.
Physical effects in red blood cell trauma (1969)

Abstract Red blood cell damage and destruction are important problems in the use of artificial valves, heart‐lung machines, and other devices which pump or process blood. An experimental study has been made on the mechanism of cell damage. Damage was defined by three types of observations on blood which had been subjected to trauma: (a) release of hemoglobin from cells (hemolysis), (b) morphological changes observed microscopically, and (c) red cell life span studies in rabbits using a Cr 51 tagging technique. Three types of physical forces which might be injurious to red cells were studied; shearing stress (of known, constant magnitudes from a concentric cylinder viscometer), pressure variations (from studies in a static pressure cell), and direct impact of solid surfaces (from studies in a device which simulates the seating action of artificial heart valves). The study shows that high shearing stress may be primarily responsible for mechanical cell damage under certain important circumstances. There is a critical shearing stress above which cell damage increases markedly. Much of the cell damage does not appear as an immediate release of hemoglobin. Many cells undergo morphological changes and exhibit shortened average life span in vivo . The morphological changes due to shearing stress are very similar to the changes observed in patients who have hemolytic anemia associated with artificial valves.
Light inactivation of food-related pathogenic bacteria using a pulsed power source (1998)

The effects of high intensity light emissions, produced by a novel pulsed power energization technique (PPET), on the survival of bacterial populations of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (serotype 0157:H7) and Listeria monocytogenes (serotype 4b) were investigated. Using this PPET approach, many megawatts (MW) of peak electrical power were dissipated in the light source in an extremely short energization time (about 1 microsecond). The light source was subjected to electric field levels greater than could be achieved under conventional continuous operation, which led to a greater production of the shorter bacteriocidal wavelengths of light. In the exposure experiments, pre-determined bacterial populations were spread onto the surface of Trypone Soya Yeast Extract Agar and were then treated to a series of light pulses (spectral range of 200-530 nm) with an exposure time ranging from 1 to 512 microseconds. While results showed that as few as 64 light pulses of 1 microsecond duration were required to reduce E. coli 0157:H7 populations by 99.9% and Listeria populations by 99%, the greater the number of light pulses the larger the reduction in cell numbers (P < 0.01). Cell populations of E. coli 0157:H7 and Listeria were reduced by as much as 6 and 7 log10 orders at the upper exposure level of 512 microseconds, respectively. Survival data revealed that E. coli 0157:H7 was less resistant to the lethal effects of radiation (P < 0.01). These studies have shown that pulsed light emissions can significantly reduce populations of E. coli 0157:H7 and L. monocytogenes on exposed surfaces with exposure times which are 4-6 orders of magnitude lower than those required using continuous u.v. light sources.
A soybean vacuolar protein (P34) related to thiol proteases is synthesized as a glycoprotein precursor during seed maturation. (1992)

We have examined the synthesis, posttranslational processing, and localization of soybean P34, a member of the papain superfamily. P34 has been identified as a constituent of oil storage organelles or oil bodies isolated from seed lysates and has been assumed to be one of the oil body proteins. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry with a monoclonal antibody demonstrated that P34 is localized in the protein storage vacuoles but not in the oil bodies. Immunocytochemical observations of partially disrupted seed cells showed that the association of P34 with oil bodies appears to occur as a consequence of cell lysis. In vitro synthesis of P34 results in the formation of a 46-kDa polypeptide that increases to 47 kDa due to core glycosylation by canine microsomes. In vivo synthesis studies in the presence and absence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation, indicate that pro-P34 is 47 kDa. Since the cDNA sequence of prepro-P34 contains a single putative glycosylation site in the precursor domain, we conclude that P34, like a few other vacuolar proteins, is synthesized as a glycoprotein precursor. Pulse-chase experiments showed that the processing of pro-P34 to mature P34 occurs in a single step and that this posttranslational cleavage occurs on the carboxyl side of an Asn, which is typical of seed vacuolar proteins. Pro-P34 (47 kDa) is detected in immunoblots of maturing seeds. Analysis of RNA indicates that the P34 genes are expressed only during seed maturation and that the P34 mRNA is related to other thiol protease mRNAs detectable in other organs and plants. Unlike other seed thiol proteases that are synthesized only after seed germination, P34 accumulates during seed maturation.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF HORMONE SIGNALING (1999)

Phytohormones influence many diverse developmental processes ranging from seed germination to root, shoot, and flower formation. Recently, mutational analysis using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has been instrumental in determining the individual components of specific hormone signal transduction pathways. Moreover, epistasis and suppressor studies are beginning to explain how these genes and their products relate to one another. While no hormone transduction pathway is completely understood, the genes identified to date suggest that simple molecular rules can be established to explain how plant hormone signals are transduced. This review describes some of the shared characteristics of plant hormone signal transduction pathways and the properties for informational transfer common to many of the genes that specify the transduction of the signal.
Blood-spot thyrotropin radioimmunoassay in a screening program for congenital hypothyroidism. (1979)

We describe a highly sensitive and precise radioimmunoassay for thyrotropin in dried blood spots on filter paper cards. In a screening program for congenital hypothyroidism, blood-spot thyrotropin concentrations are measured in infants whose blood-spot thyroxine concentrations are in the lower 10%, and this strategy has reduced the recall rate from 1.7% (thyroxine assay alone) to 0.17%. Thyrotropin assay samples consist of discs 4.5-mm in diameter, containing about 6 microL of blood, punched from blood spots. By appropriate attention to assay conditions, a mean least-detectable thyrotropin concentration equivalent to 2.5 milliunits/L plasma has been achieved. Concomitant measurement of thyrotropin by plasma and blood-spot assays in 91 subjects yielded a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.9732. An analysis of variance of the distribution volume of thyrotropin in blood spots and a covariance analysis of factors affecting blood-spot thyroxine results are presented.
Reaktionen in Destillationskolonnen (1978)

Abstract Reactions in distillation columns . Reaction columns are an interesting alternative for numerous reactions, and they have often proved economically advantageous. The effects resulting from superposition of reaction and distillation are demonstrated for a few examples and the industrial exploitation of such a system is illustrated. In comparison to the processes in actual distillation columns the processes in reaction columns are extremely complex. It is therefore advantageous in industrial engineering design to have suitable mathematical models at hand. Control problems can be overcome by profile control or by dynamic detectors.
Synthesis of IPN Polymer Hybrids by In-Situ Radical Polymerization Method and Their High Resistivity to Solvent Extraction (1998)

Abstract Two different types of polymer hybrids having an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of the organic gel and silica gel were prepared by the in-situ polymerization method. One type is the IPN polymer hybrids of poly(N,N′-dimethylacrylamide) gel and silica gel that were prepared by simultaneous polymerization of N,N′-dimethylacrylamide and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide in a methanol solution of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS). The other type is IPN polymer hybrids of polystyrene gel and silica gel that were prepared by the polymerization of styrene monomer in the presence of divinylbenzene and TMOS. Radical polymerization of these organic monomers proceeded effectively in the sol-gel reaction mixture of TMOS, resulting in homogeneous glassy materials. The formation of IPN structure was confirmed by the solvent extraction. The loss of organic elements could be prevented in both cases by the incorporation of cross-linking points in the organic network. The homogeneity of these IPN polymer hybrids were supported by nitrogen porosimetry measurements. The results demonstrated that the porous silicas obtained from the polymer hybrids had high surface areas and large pore volumes and exhibited a sharp distribution of pore size below 2 nm in both types of IPN polymer hybrids. These results indicate a molecular-level integration of the organic gel and silica gel in the IPN polymer hybrids.
Convolutional neural networks for attribute-based active authentication on mobile devices (2016)

We present a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) architecture for the task of continuous authentication on mobile devices. To deal with the limited resources of these devices, we reduce the complexity of the networks by learning intermediate features such as gender and hair color instead of identities. We present a multi-task, part-based DCNN architecture for attribute detection that performs better than state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy. As a byproduct of the proposed architecture, we are able to explore the embedding space of the attributes extracted from different facial parts, such as mouth and eyes, to discover new attributes. Furthermore, through extensive experimentation, we show that the attribute features extracted by our method outperform a previously presented attribute-based method and a baseline LBP method for the task of active authentication. Lastly, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in terms of speed and power consumption by deploying it on an actual mobile device.
Efficient hierarchical approach to test generation for digital systems (2002)

A new hierarchical approach to test generation for digital systems is proposed. Three levels of modeling are exploited: high-level Decision Diagrams (DD) for module test planning and system constraints generation, low-level Boolean differential equations for fault constraints generation, and medium-level Binary DDs for local test pattern generation for modules under the derived set of constraints. The proposed method of generating fault constraints the first time allows us to handle faults which increase the number of states in sequential circuits. Combining the high-level efficiency of solving complex deterministic search problems and medium-level accuracy of fault "transportation" analysis with low-level exact fault activation allows us to reach high efficiency in test generation, and high test quality on the other hand. Experimental results compared to the known test generators are provided for demonstrating the high efficiency of test generation achieved by the proposed approach.
Antibacterial activity of bladder surface mucin duplicated in the rabbit bladder by exogenous glycosaminoglycan (sodium pentosanpolysulfate) (1980)

Previous data from our laboratory suggest that the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder secretes and binds to its surface a glycosaminoglycan. The presence of this substance at the bladder surface markedly reduces the ability of microorganisms to adhere to the mucosa. Furthermore, this glycosaminoglycan can be removed (with acid) and replaced by intravesical instillation of a synthetic sulfonated glycosaminoglycan (heparin), whose presence is as effective as that of the natural glycosaminoglycan in reducing adherence. We conducted the current study with a different sulfonated glycosaminoglycan to determine whether the antiadherence activity is generalized to heparin congeners and whether the antiadherence effect of heparin is independent of its known anticoagulant activity. In this study we examined the sulfonated glycosaminoglycan, sodium pentosanpolysulfate, which lacks significant anticoagulant activity, and found it to have a mechanism of antiadherence analogous to that of heparin and almost equally as active on a weight basis.
Human basement membrane collagen (type IV) (1988)

The cDNA and protein sequences of the N-terminal 60% of the alpha 2(IV) chain of human basement membrane collagen have been determined. By repeated primer extension with synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides and mRNA from either HT1080 cells or human placenta overlapping clones were obtained which cover 3414 bp. The derived protein sequence allows for the first time a comparison and alignment of both alpha chains of type IV collagen from the N terminus. This alignment reveals an additional 43 amino acid residues in the alpha 2(IV) chain as compared to the alpha 1(IV) chain. 21 of these additional residues form a disulfide-bridged loop within the triple helix which is unique among all known collagens.
A VLSI architecture for a frequency-agile single-chip 10-MBaud digital QAM modulator (2003)

An architecture for VLSI implementation of an all-digital frequency-agile single-chip quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulator with a continuously-variable symbol rate and intermediate frequency (IF) has been investigated. The proposed chip architecture accommodates a variable IF center frequency up to 70 MHz and a programmable symbol rate from a few kHz up to 10 MHz. The single-chip modulator consists of a square-root Nyquist filter, two halfband filters to cancel the images from upsampling, a variable interpolator to accommodate continuously selectable symbol rates, and a frequency translator. This paper discusses the architecture techniques used to achieve a 200 MHz throughput rate in a modest CMOS technology.