gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulsed electromagnetic fields promote bone formation around dental implants inserted into the femur of rabbits (2000)

The present study examined the effect of applying a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on bone formation around a rough-surfaced dental implant. A dental implant was inserted into the femur of Japanese white rabbits bilaterally. A PEMF with a pulse width of 25 microseconds and a pulse frequency of 100 Hz was applied. PEMF stimulation was applied for 4 h or 8 h per day, at a magnetic intensity of 0.2 mT, 0.3 mT or 0.8 mT. The animals were sacrificed 1, 2 or 4 weeks after implantation. After staining the resin sections with 2% basic fuchsin and 0.1% methylene blue, newly formed bone around the implant on tissue sections was evaluated by computer image analysis. The bone contact ratios of the PEMF-treated femurs were significantly larger than those of the control groups. Both the bone contact ratio and bone area ratio of the 0.2 mT- and 0.3 mT-treated femurs were significantly larger than the respective value of the 0.8 mT-treated femurs (P < 0.001). No significant difference in bone contact ratio or bone area ratio was observed whether PEMF was applied for 4 h/day or 8 h/day. Although a significantly greater amount of bone had formed around the implant of the 2-week treated femurs than the 1-week treated femurs, no significant difference was observed between the 2-week and 4-week treated femurs. These results suggest that PEMF stimulation may be useful for promoting bone formation around rough-surfaced dental implants. It is important to select the proper magnetic intensity, duration per day, and length of treatment.
Sub-twisted nematic liquid crystal display (1998)

A new reflective liquid crystal display, the sub-twisted nematic LCD (SBTN), is presented. The SBTN, specifically designed for its twist angle, the product of cell thickness and birefringence, the direction of its only polarizer, etc. exhibits good electro-optic performance. Brightness, contrast, colour dispersion and multiplexing ability, etc. were theoretically and experimentally examined. The prototype showed high brightness, little dispersion, good mutliplexing ability, good viewing angle and response behaviour. It also offers good manufacturing tolerance and low production cost.
Diagnostic performance of a computer-assisted diagnosis system for bone scintigraphy of newly developed skeletal metastasis in prostate cancer patients: search for low-sensitivity subgroups (2017)

BONENAVI with BS has good sensitivity and specificity for detecting prostate cancer's osseous metastasis. Low EOD and faint BS uptake are associated with low sensitivity but not the CT type. Prostate cancer patients likely to have false-negative results during the follow-up period had a solitary lesion in the pelvis with faint BS uptake or lesions overlaying to urinary excretion.
Schneiderian membrane perforation rate during sinus elevation using piezosurgery: clinical results of 100 consecutive cases. (2007)

The lateral window sinus elevation procedure has become a routine and highly successful preprosthetic procedure that is used to increase bone volume in the posterior maxilla for the placement of dental implants. Many surgical techniques have been proposed that provide access to the maxillary sinus through the lateral wall to allow for elevation of the sinus membrane. Among these are the multiple variations of the hinge and complete osteotomy techniques, which make use of rotary cutting instruments for the antrostomy. The most common intraoperative complication with these surgical approaches is perforation of the schneiderian membrane, with perforation rates of 14% to 56% reported in the literature. In most instances, perforation occurs either while using rotary instruments to make the window or when using hand instruments to gain initial access to begin the elevation of the membrane from the sinus walls. This article presents an alternative approach that uses a piezoelectric instrument for the sinus elevation procedure. Although new to the United States, this approach has been used successfully in Europe for many years. The membrane perforation rate in this series of 100 consecutive cases using the piezoelectric technique has been reduced from the average reported rate of 30% with rotary instrumentation to 7%. Furthermore, all perforations with the piezoelectric technique occurred during the hand instrumentation phase and not with the piezoelectric inserts.
Critical Role for CXCR3 Chemokine Biology in the Pathogenesis of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (2002)

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is the major limitation to survival post-lung transplantation and is characterized by a persistent peribronchiolar inflammation that eventually gives way to airway fibrosis/obliteration. Acute rejection is the main risk factor for the development of BOS and is characterized by a perivascular/bronchiolar leukocyte infiltration. The specific mechanism(s) by which these leukocytes are recruited have not been elucidated. The CXC chemokines (monokine induced by IFN-gamma (MIG)/CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)9, IP-10/CXCL10, and IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (ITAC)/CXCL11) act through their shared receptor, CXCR3. Because they are potent leukocyte chemoattractants and are involved in other inflammation/fibroproliferative diseases, we hypothesized that the expression of these chemokines during an allogeneic response promotes the persistent recruitment of mononuclear cells, leading to chronic lung rejection. We found that elevated levels of MIG/CXCL9, IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10)/CXCL10, and ITAC/CXCL11 in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were associated with the continuum from acute to chronic rejection. Translational studies in a murine model demonstrated increased expression of MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, and ITAC/CXCL11 paralleling the recruitment of CXCR3-expressing mononuclear cells. In vivo neutralization of CXCR3 or its ligands MIG/CXCL9 and IP-10/CXCL10 decreased intragraft recruitment of CXCR3-expressing mononuclear cells and attenuated BOS. This supports the notion that ligand/CXCR3 biology plays an important role in the recruitment of mononuclear cells, a pivotal event in the pathogenesis of BOS.
Development of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of Cladosporium fulvum in tomato leaves (2008)

DNA regions amplified by the microsatellite primer M13 have a high potential for developing highly sensitive species-specific PCR primers for the detection of phytopathogenic fungi. The real-time PCR assay developed in this study is useful in monitoring early infection of C. fulvum, and can help growers make timely decisions on fungicide application.
An improved point proximity matrix for modal matching (2002)

This paper investigates the correspondence matching of point-sets using spectral graph analysis. In particular we deal with the problem of how the modal analysis of point-sets can be rendered robust to point movement. To this end we consider alternatives to the Gaussian proximity matrix. We evaluate the new method on both synthetic and real-world data. Here we show that the method can be used to compute useful correspondences even when the level of point movement is large.
A role for intronic sequences on expression of thyroid hormone receptor alpha gene. (1994)

We have cloned and characterized the organization of the rat thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THR) gene. Multiple transcription start sites were mapped by RNA primer extension analyses. The promoter of the rat THR alpha gene does not contain a TATA or CAAT box. Deletion analyses of the 5' region of THR alpha gene and transfection assays, using NIH3T3 and NG108-15 cells, revealed that the sequences from -137 to +205 (+205 resides in the first intron) are necessary for efficient expression of this gene. This region contains two positively acting elements, the sequence -137 to -60 upstream from the major start of transcription and three copies of an AGG sequence located in the first intron. In contrast, two octamer-binding motifs in the first intron function as the negative regulatory elements. Gel mobility shift assays showed that the purine-rich sequence and the octamer-binding motifs bind to a protein(s) present in NIH3T3 and NG108-15 cells, the recipients in transient transfection assays. Genomic sequence comparison of THR alpha and beta revealed the presence of the purine-rich track in both genes, while the octamer-binding motifs were found only in the alpha gene. These results might explain the differential regulation of THR alpha and beta gene expression previously noted.
A Novel Approach to Digitally Controlled Phase Locked Loop Tuning Systems (1982)

Digital Phase Locked Loops are commonplace today in voltage controlled oscillator applications. These PLL's are convenient to use since they are easily interfaced to a microprocessor which can be used to provide the intelligence for tuning control. They are also quite stable and well predictable with regard to frequency selection of the loop being controlled. However, there are a number of drawbacks which surface when such things as resolution and spurious response generation are evaluated. This paper will address a possible solution to some of these drawbacks. It describes a method by which the Reference (R) and the Select (N) divide chains may be manipulated concurrently in order to achieve much higher frequency resolution than normally thought possible while retaining a reasonable phase detector frequency. The frequency of the phase detector is a major contributor to spurious responses. These manifest themselves as sidebands above and below the normal VCO frequency at which the loop is locked. By using this variable N & R technique the phase detector frequency can in many cases be raised to a high enough frequency where it can be more easily filtered and thusly reduce the spurious response problem.
Smart home based on Internet of Things and cloud computing (2016)

This communication allows the implementation of an internet of things solution for smart home. It uses the ZigBee network for communication within the home between the gateway and the different intelligent nodes. A PHP application has been developed enabling the user to control remotely his equipment locally or from the Internet. The house implemented is also characterized by a high degree of intelligence. It allows to control automatically the lighting, the temperature and to ensure the security by informing people during fires and suspicious intrusions. Finally, the house is connected to the platform cloud to record daily actions made by the user. Thus, it can anticipate the needs of residents and execute itself their actions. The user can also view real-time status of all equipment in the house.
Learning actions from human-robot dialogues (2011)

Natural language interactions between humans and robots are currently limited by many factors, most notably by the robot's concept representations and action repertoires. We propose a novel algorithm for learning meanings of action verbs through dialogue-based natural language descriptions. This functionality is deeply integrated in the robot's natural language subsystem and allows it to perform the actions associated with the learned verb meanings right away without any additional help or learning trials. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in a scenario where a human explains to a robot the meaning of an action verb unknown to the robot and the robot is subsequently able to carry out the instructions involving this verb.
Specific permeability and selective formation of gap junction channels in connexin-transfected HeLa cells. (1995)

DNAs coding for seven murine connexins (Cx) (Cx26, Cx31, Cx32, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) are functionally expressed in human HeLa cells that were deficient in gap junctional communication. We compare the permeabilities of gap junctions comprised of different connexins to iontophoretically injected tracer molecules. Our results show that Lucifer yellow can pass through all connexin channels analyzed. On the other hand, propidium iodide and ethidium bromide penetrate very poorly or not at all through Cx31 and Cx32 channels, respectively, but pass through channels of other connexins. 4,6 Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) dihydrochloride shows less transfer among Cx31 or Cx43 transfectants. Neurobiotin is weakly transferred among Cx31 transfectants. Total junctional conductance in Cx31 or Cx45 transfected cells is only about half as high as in other connexin transfectants analyzed and does not correlate exactly with any of the tracer permeabilities. Permeability through different connexin channels appears to be dependent on the molecular structure of each tracer, i.e. size, charge and possibly rigidity. This supports the hypothesis that different connexin channels show different permeabilities to second messenger molecules as well as metabolites and may fulfill in this way their specific role in growth control and differentiation of cell types. In addition, we have investigated the function of heterotypic gap junctions after co-cultivation of two different connexin transfectants, one of which had been prelabeled with fluorescent dextran beads. Analysis of Lucifer yellow transfer reveals that HeLa cells expressing Cx31 (beta-type connexin) do not communicate with any other connexin transfectant tested but only with themselves. Two other beta-type connexin transfectants, HeLa-Cx26 and -Cx32, do not transmit Lucifer yellow to any of the alpha-type connexins analyzed. Among alpha-type connexins, Cx40 does not communicate with Cx43. Thus, connexins differ in their ability to form functional heterotypic gap junctions among mammalian cells.
2009 Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Resembles Previous Influenza Isolates (2009)

Differences between the Thai cases and S-OIV may help shed light on the ability of the current outbreak strain to spread rapidly among humans.
Focus on antivirally active sulfated polysaccharides: From structure–activity analysis to clinical evaluation (2008)

In recent years, many compounds having potent antiviral activity in cell culture have been detected and some of these compounds are currently undergoing either preclinical or clinical evaluation. Among these antiviral substances, naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharides and those from synthetic origin are noteworthy. Recently, several controversies over the molecular structures of sulfated polysaccharides, viral glycoproteins, and cell-surface receptors have been resolved, and many aspects of their antiviral activity have been elucidated. It has become clear that the antiviral properties of sulfated polysaccharides are not only a simple function of their charge density and chain length but also their detailed structural features. The in vivo efficacy of these compounds mostly corresponds to their ability to inhibit the attachment of the virion to the host cell surface although in some cases virucidal activity plays an additional role. This review summarizes experimental evidence indicating that sulfated polysaccharides might become increasingly important in drug development for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in the near future.
Callus Induction by (2‐Chloroethyl) Phosphonic Acid on Cultured Cotton Ovules (1976)

Abstract The response of cultured cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) ovules to the ethylene releasing growth regulator, (2‐chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon), was measured. Control ovules grown on a complete liquid medium without hormones continued the differentiation normal for cotton, although at a slower rate than in vivo . When ethephon was added to the medium, normal organ and fiber development was inhibited but callus was induced from the micropylar end of the ovule. The callus was extremely friable and produced many free cells in the culture medium. Dry weight of the callused ovules increased over 4‐fold and total cell number increased 56% over the controls. Apparently ethylene released from the ethephon stimulated both cell division and cell expansion in forming the callus.
Novel Flexible Frameworks of Porous Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymers That Show Selective Guest Adsorption Based on the Switching of Hydrogen-Bond Pairs of Amide Groups (2002)

Four porous crystalline coordination polymers with two-dimensional frameworks of a double-edged axe-shaped motif, [[Co(NCS)(2)(3-pia)(2)] x 2 EtOH.11 H(2)O](n) (1 a), [[Co(NCS)(2)(3-pia)(2)] x 4 Me(2)CO](n) (3 a), [[Co(NCS)(2)(3-pia)(2)] x 4T HF](n) (3 b) and [[Co(NCS)(2)(3-pna)(2)](n)] (5), have been synthesized by the reaction of cobalt(II) thiocyanate with N-(3-pyridyl)isonicotinamide (3-pia) or N-(3-pyridyl)nicotinamide (3-pna). X-ray crystallographic characterization reveals that adjacent layers are stacked such that channels are created, except in 5. The channels form a hydrogen-bonded interior for guest molecules; in practice, 1 a contains ethanol and water molecules as guests in the channels with hydrogen bonds, whereas 3 b (3 a) contains tetrahydrofuran (acetone) molecules. In 1 a, the "double-edged axe-shaped" motifs in adjacent sheets are not located over the top of each other, while the motifs in 3 b stack so perfectly as to overlap each other in an edge-to-edge fashion. This subtle change in the three-dimensional framework is associated with the template effect of the guests. Compound 5 has no guest molecules and, therefore, the amide groups in one sheet are used for hydrogen-bonding links with adjacent sheets. Removal of the guest molecules from 1 a and 3 b (3 a) causes a structural conversion accompanied by a color change. Pink 1 a cannot retain its original framework and changes into a blue amorphous compound. On the other hand, the framework of pink 3 b (3 a) is transformed to a new crystalline framework of violet 4. Interestingly, 4 reverts to the original pink crystals of 3 b (3 a) when it is exposed to THF (or acetone) vapor. Spectroscopic measurements (visible, EPR, and IR) provide a clue to the crystal-to-crystal transformation; on removal of the guests, the amide groups are used to form the beta sheet-type hydrogen bonding between the sheets, and thus the framework withstands significant stress on removal of guest molecules. This mechanism is attributed to the arrangement of the adjacent sheets so suited in regularity that the beta sheet-type structure forms efficiently. The apohost 4 does not adsorb cyclopentane, showing a guest selectivity that, in addition to size, hydrogen-bonding capability is required for the guest molecules. The obtained compound is categorized as a member of a new generation of compounds tending towards functional porous coordination polymers.
Effects of a Tilted Magnetic Field on a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas (1968)

$n$-type inverted silicon surfaces were studied to examine properties of a two-dimensional electron gas as well as those properties of silicon itself. The effect of a magnetic field tilted up to \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from the normal to the (100) Si surfaces was measured between 1.3 and 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and up to 90 kOe. The electric field associated with the $n$-type inversion layer quantizes the surface electrons and they behave as a two-dimensional electron gas. It was found that the oscillatory magnetoconductance, due to magnetic quantization into Landau levels, depends solely upon the normal component of the magnetic field with respect to the surface. The observed splitting due to spin appears to be determined by the total magnetic field. The parallel component of the magnetic field was found to have a negligible effect on the surface quantization. The cyclotron mass, measured from the temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude, is equal to the transverse mass of the electron in silicon and is independent of the tilt angle. The spin splitting can be quantitatively identified at certain angles where the Landau splitting is twice that of the spin splitting. The Land\'e $g$ factor determined in this way was found to be substantially larger than 2 and decreases with the increasing surface electron density. The $g$ factor has values between 3.25 and 2.47 for a surface electron density ranging from 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{12}$ to 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{12}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$.
The performance of DPCM operating on lossy channels with memory (1995)

We study the performance of DPCM operating over lossy channels in cell-based networks such as ATM, when statistical multiplexing is used. Since the loss of data is mainly due to traffic congestion, and the minimum unit of loss is a cell which may contain multiple DPCM codewords, the loss process can be highly correlated. The contribution of this work comes in two parts. We first give a formulation which relates the performance of DPCM, in terms of signal-to-reconstruction-noise ratio, to the channel loss conditions. In particular we take into account any correlation that exists in the loss process. We then study in detail mechanisms which give rise to such correlation. Using simple source and multiplexing models, formulae are given which characterise the loss process as a result of statistical multiplexing. As a direct result of this treatment, we know that the maximum achievable performance of DPCM with reoptimised predictors further deteriorates when the loss process is correlated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Supply of Nutrients to Cells in Engineered Tissues (2009)

A proper supply of nutrients to cells in engineered tissues is paramount for an optimal development and survival of these tissues. However, especially in tissues with clinically relevant sizes, the mass transport of nutrients into the tissue is often insufficient to sustain all the cells within the tissue. This is not only the case during in vitro culture. After implantation of an engineered tissue, a vascular network is not directly established. Therefore, the mass transport of nutrients is also critical during the initial period after implantation. This review introduces the basics of mass transport, leading to the conclusion that three main concepts can be used to increase nutrient supply in tissue engineering. These are; increasing the overall diffusion coefficient, decreasing the diffusion distance, or increasing convective transport. Based on these concepts, the main strategies that have been developed to enhance the supply of nutrients to cells in engineered tissues will be discussed.
Efecto de la administración oral de inulina sobre el perfil de lípidos y la sensibilidad a la insulina en individuos con obesidad y dislipidemia (2003)

The oral inulin administration reduced total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL and trygliceride levels in dyslipidemic and obese subjects, without modifications in the insulin sensitivity.
Volumetric Two-photon Imaging of Neurons Using Stereoscopy (vTwINS) (2016)

Abstract Two-photon laser scanning microscopy of calcium dynamics using fluorescent indicators is a widely used imaging method for large scale recording of neural activity in vivo. Here we introduce volumetric Two-photon Imaging of Neurons using Stereoscopy (vTwINS), a volumetric calcium imaging method that employs an elongated, V-shaped point spread function to image a 3D brain volume. Single neurons project to spatially displaced image pairs in the resulting 2D image, and the separation distance between images is proportional to depth in the volume. To demix the fluorescence time series of individual neurons, we introduce a novel orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm that also infers source locations within the 3D volume. We illustrate vTwINS by imaging neural population activity in mouse primary visual cortex and hippocampus. Our results demonstrate that vTwINS provides an effective method for volumetric two-photon calcium imaging that increases the number of neurons recorded while maintaining a high frame-rate.