gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ready Access to Functionally Embellished <i>cis</i>-Hydrindanes and <i>cis</i>-Decalins: Protecting Group-Free Total Syntheses of (±)-Nootkatone and (±)-Noreremophilane (2013)

A simple and efficient synthesis of functionalized cis-hydrindanes and cis-decalins was achieved using a sequential Diels-Alder/aldol approach in a highly diastereoselective manner. The scope of this method was tested with a variety of substrates and was successfully applied to the synthesis of two natural products in racemic form. The highlights of the present work provide ready access to 13 new cis-hydrindanes/cis-decalins, a protecting group-free total synthesis of an insect repellent Nootkatone, and the first synthesis of a Noreremophilane using the shortest sequence.
Supramolecular equivalence of ethynyl, chloro, bromo and iodo groups. A comparison of the crystal structures of some 4-phenoxyanilines (2004)

4-(4′-Iodo)phenoxyaniline is isostructural to the corresponding bromo, chloro and ethynyl derivatives in contrast to 4-iodoaniline which is not isostructural to its bromo, chloro and ethynyl counterparts. This difference is rationalised in terms of conditional isomorphism.
A Lithium Niobate High-Temperature Sensor for Energy System Applications (2016)

Temperature monitoring for energy generation systems plays an important role for the control of overall safety and efficiency. To run the energy system at optimum operating conditions, it is important to measure the real-time temperature. Furthermore, harsh environment temperature sensing is desired, since most sensors in energy systems are exposed to high temperature, high pressure, and corrosive environments. Lithium niobate (LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) has high Curie temperature (1210 °C), thus making it promising to be used as a sensor material for high-temperature applications. In this paper, a study has been conducted to actively measure the temperature up to 450 °C using a pyroelectric ceramic LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> as a sensor material. A 1 cm × 1 cm sample of LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ceramic with 0.2 cm thickness was prepared as a sensor. The LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> sensor and a K-type thermocouple were placed inside a tube furnace to sense the temperature. Different temperature setting conditions were applied to the sensor, including slow heating rate, high heating rate, and steady-state conditions for prolonged time period to validate readability and repeatability of the sensor. Temperatures were calculated using current generated from the sensor upon heating or cooling. The calculated temperature from the sensor was compared with the temperature measured by the K-type thermocouple. A range of deviation from 2% to 11% was found between the temperature measured by LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and thermocouple.
Directory: Australian Advertising Advocates and Critics (1984)

A list of group critical of advertising is presented and information about the bodies that are excluded is also provided.
The mPEG-PCL Copolymer for Selective Fermentation of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Against Candida parapsilosis in the Human Microbiome (2016)

Many human skin diseases, such as seborrheic dermatitis, potentially occur due to the over-growth of fungi. It remains a challenge to develop fungicides with a lower risk of generating resistant fungi and non-specifically killing commensal microbes. Our probiotic approaches using a selective fermentation initiator of skin commensal bacteria, fermentation metabolites or their derivatives provide novel therapeutics to rein in the over-growth of fungi. <i>Staphylococcus lugdunensis</i> (<i>S. lugdunensis</i>) bacteria and <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> (<i>C. parapsilosis</i>) fungi coexist in the scalp microbiome. <i>S. lugdunensis</i> interfered with the growth of <i>C. parapsilosis</i> via fermentation. A methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>b</i>-poly<i>(ε</i>-caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL) copolymer functioned as a selective fermentation initiator of <i>S. lugdunensis</i>, selectively triggering the <i>S. lugdunensis</i> fermentation to produce acetic and isovaleric acids. The acetic acid and its pro-drug diethyleneglycol diacetate (Ac-DEG-Ac) effectively suppressed the growth of <i>C. parapsilosis in vitro</i> and impeded the fungal expansion in the human dandruff. We demonstrate for the first time that <i>S. lugdunensis</i> is a skin probiotic bacterium that can exploit mPEG-PCL to yield fungicidal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The concept of bacterial fermentation as a part of skin immunity to re-balance the dysbiotic microbiome warrants a novel avenue for studying the probiotic function of the skin microbiome in promoting health.
OPA1 downregulation is involved in sorafenib-induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (2012)

Sorafenib has been used to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain controversial and why some patients do not respond to this therapy is poorly understood. In this study, we show that sorafenib triggers cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in HCC cells by directly targeting the mitochondria. Treatment with sorafenib induces rapid mitochondrial fragmentation, which is associated with the deregulation of mitochondria fusion-related protein optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). Exposure of cells or isolated mitochondria to sorafenib substantially induces cytochrome c release. Our data indicate that siRNA-mediated OPA1 knockdown significantly sensitizes HCC cells to sorafenib-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, sorafenib has no apparent apoptotic toxicity to normal human primary hepatocytes. Sorafenib inhibits HCC xenograft tumor growth in vivo and murine xenograft tumor tissue analysis reveals mitochondria fusion protein. OPA1 expression levels are strongly downregulated by sorafenib treatment. Western blotting evaluation of patient HCC with matched non-tumor tissue samples demonstrates that OPA1 expression is decreased in up to 40% of HCC patients. Taken together, we have shown that sorafenib suppresses the tumorigenesis of HCC through the induction of mitochondrial injury via OPA1. Our results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of HCC and suggest that OPA1 is a novel therapeutic target in patients with HCC.
Fluorescence turn-on detection of live cell apoptosis using a hyperbranched conjugated polyelectrolyte (2013)

A fluorescence “turn-on” assay for live cell apoptosis imaging is developed based on self-assembled complexes between a cationic water-soluble hyperbranched conjugated polyelectrolyte (HCPE) and an Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD) peptide substrate labelled with a fluorescence quencher (DEVD-dabcyl). The polymer fluorescence can be significantly quenched upon DEVD-dabcyl binding, and the fluorescence is switched on upon treatment of the complexes with caspase-3/7, which are activated in the cell apoptotic process and are able to cleave the DEVD moiety. The light-up nature of the assay allows monitoring of caspase-3/7 activities both in solutions and in living cells with a high signal to noise ratio, which provides a new opportunity to screen caspase inhibitors and detect cell apoptosis.
Platelet-activating factor: a candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced neurotoxin (1994)

The pathogenesis of central nervous system disease during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection revolves around productive viral infection of brain macrophages and microglia. Neuronal losses in the cortex and subcortical gray matter accompany macrophage infection. The question of how viral infection of brain macrophages ultimately leads to central nervous system (CNS) pathology remains unanswered. Our previous work demonstrated high-level production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, arachidonic acid metabolites, and platelet-activating factor (PAF) from HIV-infected monocytes and astroglia (H. E. Gendelman, P. Genis, M. Jett, and H. S. L. M. Nottet, in E. Major, ed., Technical Advances in AIDS Research in the Nervous System, in press; P. Genis, M. Jett, E. W. Bernton, H. A. Gelbard, K. Dzenko, R. Keane, L. Resnick, D. J. Volsky, L. G. Epstein, and H. E. Gendelman, J. Exp. Med. 176:1703-1718, 1992). These factors, together, were neurotoxic. The relative role(s) of each of these candidate neurotoxins in HIV-1-related CNS dysfunction was not unraveled by these initial experiments. We now report that PAF is produced during HIV-1-infected monocyte-astroglia interactions. PAF was detected at high levels in CSF of HIV-1-infected patients with immunosuppression and signs of CNS dysfunction. The biologic significance of the results for neurological disease was determined by addition of PAF to cultures of primary human fetal cortical or rat postnatal retinal ganglion neurons. Here, PAF at concentrations of > or = 300 pg/ml produced neuronal death. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 or memantine partially blocked the neurotoxic effects of PAF. The identification of PAF as an HIV-1-induced neurotoxin provides new insights into how HIV-1 causes neurological impairment and how it may ultimately be ameliorated.
Jamming and anti-jamming techniques in wireless networks: a survey (2014)

Because of the proliferation of wireless technologies, jamming in wireless networks has become a major research problem due to the ease in blocking communication in wireless networks. Jamming attacks are a subset of denial of service (DoS) attacks in which malicious nodes block legitimate communication by causing intentional interference in networks. To better understand jamming and anti–jamming, we surveyed and analysed their various techniques. For evaluating jamming, we categorised the types of jammers implemented in the literature and investigated the placement strategies for supporting effective jamming. For anti–jamming approaches, we start by discussing the protocols for localising jammers before presenting the mechanisms for detection and jamming countermeasure. We present comparison tables for each of the jammer types, jammer placements, jammer localisation, jamming detection schemes and jamming countermeasures. Our analyses are helpful for selecting an existing strategy for a particular system setup. Finally, we discuss open issues in this field.
?1,6fucosyltransferase is highly and specifically expressed in human ovarian serous adenocarcinomas (2000)

An elevated level of alpha1,6fucosylation in N-glycans represents one of the cancer-related alterations of oligosaccharides and is associated with the metastatic potential of hepatoma cells. However, expression of alpha1,6fucosyltransferase (alpha1,6FucT), which is involved in this aberrant glycosylation, has not been intensively explored in other malignant tumors. We report on a study of the expression of alpha1,6FucT in various types of epithelial ovarian carcinoma tissue, as well as normal ovary, benign and borderline ovarian tumors. The activity assay showed that alpha1,6FucT is highly and specifically elevated in serous adenocarcinomas but not in normal and other ovarian tumor tissues. This elevation was due to enhancement of mRNA expression, as evidenced by Northern blot analysis. Furthermore, we have shown immunohistochemically that alpha1,6FucT expression is localized predominantly in cancer cells. Lectin blot analysis using Lens culinaris agglutinin, which preferentially recognizes alpha1,6fucose residue, suggested that several glycoproteins were likely targets for modification by alpha1, 6fucosylation in serous adenocarcinoma tissues. These findings suggest that the elevated expression of alpha1,6FucT and the resulting modification of N-glycans are distinctive features of this type of ovarian cancer and may be related to the progression of this malignancy.
Oligomerization is a key step in <scp> <scp>Cyt1Aa</scp> </scp> membrane insertion and toxicity but not necessary to synergize <scp> <scp>Cry11Aa</scp> </scp> toxicity in <i> <scp>A</scp> edes aegypti </i> larvae (2013)

Bacillus thuringiensis produces insecticidal Cry and Cyt proteins that are toxic to different insect orders. In addition, Cyt toxins also display haemolytic activity. Both toxins are pore-forming proteins that form oligomeric structures that insert into the target membrane to lyse cells. Cyt toxins play an important role in mosquitocidal activity since they synergize Cry toxins and are able to overcome resistance to Cry toxins. Cry and Cyt toxins interact by specific epitopes, and this interaction is important to induce the synergistic activity observed. It was proposed that Cyt toxins do not interact with protein receptors but directly interacting with the specific midgut cell lipids. Here, we analysed if oligomerization and membrane insertion of Cyt1Aa are necessary steps to synergize Cry11Aa toxicity. We characterized Cyt1Aa helix α-C mutants that were affected in oligomerization, in membrane insertion and also in haemolytic and insecticidal activities. However, these mutants were still able to synergize Cry11Aa toxicity indicating these steps are independent events of Cyt1Aa synergistic activity. Furthermore, the data indicate that formation of stable Cyt1Aa-oligomeric structure is a key step for membrane insertion, haemolysis and insecticidal activity.
Factor analysis of dynamic structures in dynamic SPECT imaging using maximum entropy (1999)

Factor analysis of dynamic structures (FADS) is a technique used in the automatic extraction of time activity curves (TACs) from dynamic sequences. Although it has been reported that factor analysis with non-negativity constraints can in certain cases correlate with region of interest (ROI) measurements in SPECT and PET heart studies, the method does not ensure a unique solution. In this work it is shown that the FADS result is improved by using the Maximum Entropy Principle. Both the FADS technique and the new maximum entropy method were tested on simulated data and experimental /sup 99m/Tc-teboroxime canine cardiac data. The results showed that the FADS technique, using only non-negativity constraints, produced curves that did not always closely approximate the true curves. The new method, however, resulted in TACs that closely resembled the true curves. Thus, the inclusion of an entropy term is a useful method for obtaining more accurate extractions of TACs from dynamic SPECT data.
Studies on the Reduction of the Nitro Group in 4-Nitroindazoles by Anhydrous SnCl<sub>2</sub> in Different Alcohols (2011)

The synthesis of new 7-alkoxy-4-amino-protected indazole and 4-amino-protected indazole derivatives by the reduction of the nitro group of 4-nitroindazoles using anhydrous stannous chloride in different alcohols is described. Keywords: 7-Alkoxy-4-aminoindazoles4-nitroindazolesSnCl2/alcohol
Acute effects of haemodialysis on central venous and arterial pressure characteristics (2014)

This is the first study that illustrates a prominent reduction of CVP during the first hour of haemodialysis. Non-invasive CVP measurement is feasible during haemodialysis and adds another piece in the puzzle of factors involved in haemodynamic stability.
Targeted Disruption of LDLR Causes Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis in Yucatan Miniature Pigs (2020)

Recent progress in engineering the genomes of large animals has spurred increased interest in developing better animal models for diseases where current options are inadequate. Here, we report the creation of Yucatan miniature pigs with targeted disruptions of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene in an effort to provide an improved large animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Yucatan miniature pigs are well established as translational research models because of similarities to humans in physiology, anatomy, genetics, and size. Using recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene targeting and somatic cell nuclear transfer, male and female LDLR+/− pigs were generated. Subsequent breeding of heterozygotes produced LDLR−/− pigs. When fed a standard swine diet (low fat, no cholesterol), LDLR+/− pigs exhibited a moderate, but consistent increase in total and LDL cholesterol, while LDLR−/− pigs had considerably elevated levels. This severe hypercholesterolemia in homozygote animals resulted in atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries and abdominal aorta that resemble human atherosclerosis. These phenotypes were more severe and developed over a shorter time when fed a diet containing natural sources of fat and cholesterol. LDLR-targeted Yucatan miniature pigs offer several advantages over existing large animal models including size, consistency, availability, and versatility. This new model of cardiovascular disease could be an important resource for developing and testing novel detection and treatment strategies for coronary and aortic atherosclerosis and its complications.
Isothermal crystallization of hydrogenated sunflower oil: I—Nucleation (1998)

Abstract Nucleation kinetics of sunflower seed oil, which was hydrogenated under two different conditions, was studied by means of a polarized light microscope and an optical setup with a laser as the light source. When the laser was used, observed induction times were shorter than the ones measured by the microscope. The laser method was found to be more sensitive and accurate. Two different crystallization behaviors were found depending on the chemical composition of the samples. Samples with high content of trielaidin crystallized in the β form at temperatures close to the melting points. They exhibited both β′ and β forms depending on crystallization temperature, as happens in natural semisolid fats such as palm oil. Samples with high content of mixed oleic and elaidic triacylglycerols crystallized in the β′ form even at temperatures close to the melting points and they did not show β form under the conditions used in this study. Activation free energies of nucleation for hydrogenated sunflower seed oil were low for the two hydrogenation conditions. It can be concluded that nucleation of sunflower seed oil is a fast process and initially needs low supercooling. These results are also important from a practical point of view for processing design, especially in regards to processes in which fats should be completely crystallized by the end of the production line.
Tbx5 and Bmp Signaling Are Essential for Proepicardium Specification in Zebrafish (2010)

Altogether, these data lead us to propose that Tbx5a confers anterior lateral plate mesodermal cells the competence to respond to Bmp signals and initiate PE development.
Combining rails and anchors with laser forcing for selective manipulation within 2D droplet arrays (2011)

We demonstrate the combination of a rails and anchors microfluidic system with laser forcing to enable the creation of highly controllable 2D droplet arrays. Water droplets residing in an oil phase can be pinned to anchor holes made in the base of a microfluidic channel, enabling the creation of arrays by the appropriate patterning of such holes. The introduction of laser forcing, via laser induced thermocapillary forces to anchored droplets, enables the selective extraction of particular droplets from an array. We also demonstrate that such anchor arrays can be filled with multiple, in our case two, droplets each and that if such droplets have different chemical contents, the application of a laser at their interface triggers their merging and a chemical reaction to take place. Finally by adding guiding rails within the microfluidic structure we can selectively fill large scale arrays with monodisperse droplets with significant control over their contents. In this way we make a droplet array filled with 96 droplets containing different concentrations of fluorescent microparticles.
Fabrication and Characterization of Nano-porous GaN Template for Strain Relaxed GaN Growth (2007)

A simple and cost-effective Si-doped porous GaN is fabricated by UV-enhanced electrochemical etching. An optimum current density of 20 mA/cm² applied for an hour in dilute NaOH solution produces a high density of uniform pores. Cross-section TEM reveals that etching takes place along the (0001) direction. A red shift of 0.7 cm⁻¹ in the E₂(high) phonon peak of GaN from micro-Raman indicates a relaxation of compressive stress in the porous GaN surface with respect to the underlying single crystalline epitaxial GaN. Subsequent growth of GaN layer on the porous template results in air gap formation, which is believed to serve as sinks for dislocations for reducing residual strain in the film. Reduction of FWHM of the XRD rocking curve as much as 0.033° and double intensity of the PL spectrum confirm the crystalline and optical quality improvement of the overgrown GaN layer as compared to as-grown. A red shift of ~0.4 cm⁻¹ towards the stress-free GaN also indicates a relaxation of compressive stress in the overgrown GaN layer.
Observations of polarised RF radiation catalysis of dissociation of H<sub>2</sub>O–NaCl solutions (2008)

AbstractAbstractThe authors have shown that NaCl–H2O solutions of concentrations ranging from 1 to 30%, when exposed to a polarised radiofrequency beam at 13·56 MHz at room temperature, generate an intimate mixture of hydrogen and oxygen which can be ignited and burned with a steady flame.Keywords: RADIOFREQUENCYRADIATION EFFECTSWATER
Haemodiafiltration--optimal efficiency and safety (2009)

Haemodiafiltration (HDF) is the blood purification therapy of choice for those who want significant removal of uraemic solutes beyond the traditional range of small molecules. Combining diffusive and convective solute transport, a HDF treatment comprises the largest number of variables among blood purification therapies, and it is important to understand how they interact in order to optimize the therapy. This review discusses the parameters that determine the efficiency of HDF and how they can be controlled in the different forms of HDF and 'HDF-like' therapies practised today. The key to safe and effective HDF therapy is to have access to large volumes of high-quality fluids. Starting with ultrapure dialysis fluid, on-line preparation of a sterile, non-pyrogenic substitution solution can be made an integral part of the treatment, and we describe the necessary conditions for this. On-line HDF can provide the largest removal of the widest range of solutes among available dialysis therapies, and the potential clinical benefits of this are within practical reach for the increasing number of patients dialysed with high-flux membranes and ultrapure dialysis fluid.