gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Realizing a new step-in-place locomotion interface for virtual environment with large display system (2002)

Omni-directional locomotion systems are yet of little advantage in virtual environments (VEs) with limited large display system, where users may experience visual-less situations when they move in a direction that is not covered by the large screen. This paper presents a new omni-directional locomotion interface based on step-in-place movement and a smart-turntable system to impart users with the ability to move freely in any direction within VEs without loosing sight of the displayed images despite their projection on a limited large screen that do not provide surrounding or 360° visual feedback. A sensor-embedded turntable is used as a walking platform, on top of which users will stand at its center to perform walk in place and turn in place movements to steer their navigation through the virtual environment. However, as a large turn action may put the screen outside user's visual field of view, the turntable will cancel user's turnings by a smooth and passive rotation in the opposite direction so as to keep user oriented toward the center of the screen. The novelty of the interface is that a) it uses a smart-turntable as walking platform that compensate users' rotations rather than their displacements b) no cable attachments are made to the user body c) user can make many full body rotations without loosing sight of the environment, virtually providing a surrounding display despite the use of limited size screen.
Plasma Process. Polym. 7/2008 (2008)

Front Cover: Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) submitted to a post‐discharge low‐pressure oxygen RF plasma treatment exhibits, at high DC bias, superhydrophobic behavior. An alveolar surface structure resulting from chemical etching of PTFE by oxygen radicals is revealed by AFM. XPS shows that such surfaces are resistant to the adsorption of proteins such as BSA. Further details can be found in the article by N. Vandencasteele, B. Nisol, P. Viville, R. Lazzaroni, D. G. Castner, and F. Reniers * on page 661.
Comparative Studies on Scale-Up Methods of Single-Use Bioreactors (2021)

This study was performed to increase knowledge of oxygen mass transfer (kLa) and mixing times in the scale-up of disposable bioreactors.Results of oxygen mass transfer studies showed kLa to increase with increasing agitation and aeration rates. By maintaining a scale-up constant such as gassed power to volume or shear, an almost constant kLa was achieved during scale-up from 50 to 2000 L. Using the scale-up constant Pg/V resulted in statistically higher kLa values at greater reactor volumes. Mixing times were revealed to be significantly affected by agitation, but not by the aeration rates tested. No pattern was recognized in the mixing time data over an increase in volume. Commonly used methods for predicting kLa upon scale-up were compared to experimental data. New coefficients were determined to fit the historic models to the parameters of this study, namely the unique geometry and low agitation and aeration rates used in the single-use systems. Each of the resulting four models was found to have average error rates from 16-23%. Although the error rates are not statistically different, the Moresi and Patete model was determined to be most conceptually accurate. The Moresi and Patete model found kLa to be more dependent on aeration than on the power input. This finding was consistent with the results of the experimental studies. The results of this study were for aeration rates (0.02-0.04 vvm) and agitation rates (Pg/V range of 2-20 W/m3) that are commonly used in single-use bioreactor systems.
A new, high-voltage 4H-SiC lateral dual sidewall Schottky (LDSS) rectifier: theoretical investigation and analysis (2003)

In this paper, we report a new 4 H-silicon carbide (SiC) lateral dual sidewall Schottky (LDSS) rectifier on a highly doped drift layer consisting of a high-barrier sidewall Schottky contact on top of the low-barrier Schottky contact. Using two-dimensional (2-D) device simulation, the performance of the proposed device has been evaluated in detail by comparing its characteristics with those of the compatible lateral conventional Schottky (LCS) and lateral trench sidewall Schottky (LTSS) rectifiers on 4H-SiC. From our simulation results, it is observed that the proposed LDSS rectifier acts as a low-barrier LTSS rectifier under forward-bias conditions, and as a high-barrier LTSS rectifier under reverse-bias conditions, making it an ideal rectifier. The LDSS rectifier exhibits an on/off current ratio (at 1 V/-500 V) of 5.5/spl times/10/sup 7/ for an epitaxial layer doping of 1/spl times/10/sup 17/ /cm/sup 3/. Further, the proposed LDSS structure exhibits a very sharp breakdown similar to that of a p-i-n diode in spite of using only Schottky junctions in the structure. We have analyzed the reasons for the improved performance of the LDSS.
Abnormal region detection in gastroscopic images by combining classifiers on neighboring patches (2009)

Gastroscopy is widely used for the clinical examination of gastric diseases. The computerized methods capable to detect abnormal regions can help the physicians to identify the suspicious regions in gastroscopic images. The patch-based technique with the boosted stumps is adopted to detect all kinds of abnormalities in this paper. Considering that the responses of patch classifiers on the neighboring image patches are coherent, a flexible detection model is proposed which combines the patch classifiers' outputs in the products of experts form to enhance the coherence of patch classifiers. The detection methods are evaluated on a large gastroscopic image dataset containing 2949 images of 413 patients. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the detection performance.
Incorporating Linguistic Knowledge for Learning Distributed Word Representations (2015)

Combined with neural language models, distributed word representations achieve significant advantages in computational linguistics and text mining. Most existing models estimate distributed word vectors from large-scale data in an unsupervised fashion, which, however, do not take rich linguistic knowledge into consideration. Linguistic knowledge can be represented as either link-based knowledge or preference-based knowledge, and we propose knowledge regularized word representation models (KRWR) to incorporate these prior knowledge for learning distributed word representations. Experiment results demonstrate that our estimated word representation achieves better performance in task of semantic relatedness ranking. This indicates that our methods can efficiently encode both prior knowledge from knowledge bases and statistical knowledge from large-scale text corpora into a unified word representation model, which will benefit many tasks in text mining.
Key Establishment and Management for Secure Cellular Machine-to-Machine Communication (2013)

M2M(Machine-to-Machine) communication is considered to be one of the major issues in future network. Especially, M2M will bring various benefits in wireless communications when it is interconnected with cellular network. Considering the characteristics of cellular M2M network, traditional security solutions are not practical to apply because the cellular M2M network is more vulnerable to various attacks. In this work, we consider security aspects for cellular M2M communication and propose a key management. Our proposal can provide reliability and efficiency for secure cellular M2M communication network.
Learning Predictive Choice Models for Decision Optimization (2014)

Probabilistic predictive models are often used in decision optimization applications. Optimal decision making in these applications critically depends on the performance of the predictive models, especially the accuracy of their probability estimates. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic model for revenue maximization and cost minimization across applications in which a decision making agent is faced with a group of possible customers and either offers a variable discount on a product or service or expends a variable cost to attract positive responses. The model is based directly on optimizing expected revenue and makes explicit the relationship between revenue and the customer's response behavior. We derive an expectation maximization (EM) procedure for learning the parameters of the model from historical data, prove that the model is asymptotically insensitive to selection bias in historical decisions, and demonstrate in a series of experiments the method's utility for optimizing financial aid decisions at an international institute of higher learning.
Recurrent Networks and NARMA Modeling (1991)

There exist large classes of time series, such as those with nonlinear moving average components, that are not well modeled by feedforward networks or linear models, but can be modeled by recurrent networks. We show that recurrent neural networks are a type of nonlinear autoregressive-moving average (NARMA) model. Practical ability will be shown in the results of a competition sponsored by the Puget Sound Power and Light Company, where the recurrent networks gave the best performance on electric load forecasting.
Linear spiral hashing for expansible files (1999)

The goal of dynamic hashing is to design a function and a file structure that allow the address space allocated to the file to be increased and reduced without reorganizing the whole file. We propose a new scheme for dynamic hashing in which the growth of a file occurs at a rate of n+k/n per full expansion, where n is the number of pages of the file and k is a given integer constant which is smaller than n, as compared to a rate of two in linear hashing. Like linear hashing, the proposed scheme (called linear spiral hashing) requires no index; however, the proposed scheme may or may not add one more physical page, instead of always adding one more page in linear hashing, when a split occurs. Therefore, linear spiral hashing can maintain a more stable performance through the file expansions and have much better storage utilization than linear hashing. From our performance analysis, linear spiral hashing can achieve nearly 97 percent storage utilization as compared to 78 percent storage utilization by using linear hashing, which is also verified by a simulation study.
Upscaling in Partially Fractured Oil Reservoirs Using Homogenization (2009)

Abstract Flow modeling in fractured reservoirs is largely confined to the so-called sugar cube model. Here, we consider a situation where matrix blocks are connected to neighboring blocks so that part of the global flow occurs only in the matrix domain. We call this a partially fractured reservoir (PFR). As opposed to the sugar cube model, global flow in the matrix blocks plays an important role in the PFR when the interconnections between the matrix blocks are sufficiently large. We apply homogenization to derive an upscaled model for partially fractured reservoirs that combines dual-porosity and dualpermeability concepts simultaneously. We formulate a well-posed fully implicit 3D upscaled numerical model and investigate oil recovery mechanisms for different dimensionless characteristic numbers. As we found previously for the sugar cube model, the Peclet number, defined here as the ratio between the capillary diffusion time in the matrix and the residence time of the fluids in the fracture, plays a crucial role. The gravity number and specific fracture-matrix interface area play a secondary role. For low Peclet numbers and high gravity numbers, the results are sensitive to gravity and water injection rates, but relatively insensitive to the specific fracture-matrix interface area, matrix block size, and reservoir geometry, i.e., sugar cube versus PFR. At low Peclet numbers and high gravity numbers, ECLIPSE simulations (Barenblatt or Warren and Root (BWR) approach) give poor predictions and overestimate the oil recovery, but initially show good agreement with the solution of the PFR model at intermediate Peclet numbers. At high Peclet numbers, the results are relatively insensitive to gravity, but sensitive to the other conditions mentioned above. In particular, when the specific fracture-matrix interface area is large, it enhances the imbibition and consequently leads to a higher oil production. If this fraction is low, it leads to a considerable retardation of the imbibition process, which leads to an earlier water breakthrough and lower oil recovery. The ECLIPSE simulations and the sugar cube model result in inaccurate predictions of the oil production rate at high Peclet numbers. This can be inferred from the discrepancy with respect to the PFR model for which we assert that it accurately predicts the oil recovery. We conclude that at low Peclet numbers and large gravity numbers it is advantageous to increase the water injection rate to improve the Net Present Value. However, at high Peclet numbers increasing the flow rate may lead to uneconomical water cuts.
Formalisation and mapping of terminologies for Systems of Systems Engineering thesaurus (2013)

The emergence of Systems of Systems Engineering (SoSE) poses challenges to the consistent use of terminology within and/or across heterogeneous sectors such as transport, energy and defence. In preparation for Horizon 2020, an €80 billion financial instrument running from 2014 to 2020 to implement the Europe 2020 strategy, the European Commission funded T-AREA-SoS project to formulate a strategic research agenda for SoSE that spans US and Europe activities. As part of T-AREA-SoS, a thesaurus will be created to ensure that SoS concepts and terms are consistently interpreted, and to provide an artefact that will be of significant assistance to planners of future programmes in SoSE. This paper proposes an approach for the formalisation and mapping of terminologies for a SoSE thesaurus development. This paper also discusses the theoretical foundations and exemplars of this applied approach in addition to the user interface specification for a proposed web-based thesaurus development.
Ultrastable harmonically and regeneratively modelockedpolarisation-maintaining erbium fibre ring laser (1994)

The authors report the operation of a harmonically and regeneratively modelocked erbium fibre ring laser at 1.55 µm for the first time. Harmonic regenerative modelocking was achieved by feeding back the harmonic longitudinal beat signal which was detected with a high speed photodetector and a high Q dielectric filter. The repetition rate was 10 GHz and the soliton effect shortened the pulse width from 7.0 to 2.7 ps.
Purification of Filaggrin from Human Epidermis and Measurement of Antifilaggrin Autoantibodies in Sera from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1998)

Human filaggrin can be purified by standard biochemical techniques, despite the heterogeneity of the protein, and used in ELISA for testing autoantibodies to filaggrin. The sensitivity of the assay equals that of the AKA test.
Classification of Traumatic Brain Injury Severity Using Informed Data Reduction in a Series of Binary Classifier Algorithms (2012)

Assessment of medical disorders is often aided by objective diagnostic tests which can lead to early intervention and appropriate treatment. In the case of brain dysfunction caused by head injury, there is an urgent need for quantitative evaluation methods to aid in acute triage of those subjects who have sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI). Current clinical tools to detect mild TBI (mTBI/concussion) are limited to subjective reports of symptoms and short neurocognitive batteries, offering little objective evidence for clinical decisions; or computed tomography (CT) scans, with radiation-risk, that are most often negative in mTBI. This paper describes a novel methodology for the development of algorithms to provide multi-class classification in a substantial population of brain injured subjects, across a broad age range and representative subpopulations. The method is based on age-regressed quantitative features (linear and nonlinear) extracted from brain electrical activity recorded from a limited montage of scalp electrodes. These features are used as input to a unique "informed data reduction" method, maximizing confidence of prospective validation and minimizing over-fitting. A training set for supervised learning was used, including: "normal control," "concussed," and "structural injury/CT positive (CT+)." The classifier function separating CT+ from the other groups demonstrated a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 78%; the classifier separating "normal controls" from the other groups demonstrated a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 74%, suggesting high utility of such classifiers in acute clinical settings. The use of a sequence of classifiers where the desired risk can be stratified further supports clinical utility.
Enhancement of Locomotor Activity and Conditioned Reward to Cocaine by Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (1999)

The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system has been implicated in drug reward, locomotor sensitization, and responding for reward-related stimuli [termed conditioned reinforcers (CR)]. Here, we investigated the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which enhances the survival and function of dopaminergic neurons, on stimulant-induced locomotor sensitization and responding for CR. In experiment 1, BDNF was infused into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) or ventral tegmental area over 2 weeks via chronically implanted minipumps (1-2.5 microgram/d), and the psychomotor stimulant effects of cocaine (5-15 mg/kg, i.p.) were studied. We found that BDNF enhanced the initial stimulant effects of cocaine and seemed to facilitate the development of sensitization to repeated cocaine doses. In experiment 2, we studied the effects of intra-NAc BDNF infusions on responding for CR. BDNF-treated rats showed twice as many CR responses compared with controls when saline was first administered. BDNF enhanced responding on the CR lever more than four times that seen in control animals after a cocaine injection (10 mg/kg, i.p.). The enhanced response to cocaine in BDNF-treated animals persisted for more than a month after the BDNF infusions had stopped, indicating long-lasting changes in the mesolimbic DA system caused by BDNF administration. In experiment 3, we examined locomotor sensitization to cocaine in heterozygous BDNF knock-out mice and found that the development of sensitization was delayed compared with wild-type littermates. These results demonstrate the profound effects of BDNF on the enhancement of both cocaine-induced locomotion and facilitation of CR and suggest a possible role for BDNF in long-term adaptations of the brain to cocaine.
Approaches and Recommendations for Estimating Minimally Important Differences for Health-Related Quality of Life Measures (2005)

We describe currently available approaches for estimating the minimally important difference (MID) and their associated strengths and weaknesses. Specifically, we show that anchor-based methods should be the primary method of estimating the MID because of the limitations of distribution-based methods. In addition, we provide recommendations for estimating the MID in future research.
DNA replication regulated by the priming promoter (1984)

ColE1 derivative plasmids were constructed in which the natural promoter that primes replication or, in addition, the region coding for the RNA I control element had been deleted. In all of these molecules priming of the origin was effected by read-through transcription from constitutive or inducible (lacUV5) promoters inserted farther upstream. In the latter case, regulation of lac repressor activity with IPTG resulted in controlled plasmid levels in vivo. These results indicated that, at least in the absence of other control elements, regulation of the priming promoter was sufficient to control DNA replication and determine plasmid copy number.
Physical properties of gluten-free bread caused by water addition (2015)

Abstract In this paper, we propose for the first time a description (regression and canonical form) of the changes in the physical properties of several types of natural gluten-free bread produced with different amounts of water in the recipe. Five types of bread, made of corn flour (100%), rice flour (100%), corn and rice flour (50:50%), buckwheat, corn, and rice flour (30:35:35%), were investigated. It has been noticed that, by changing the amount of water addition to the dough, it is possible to significantly affect the quality of different types of natural gluten-free bread. Addition of water from 80 to 120% of flour mass, resulted in significant changes in the quality of bread. Bread made of corn flour required the largest amount of water addition (120%); however, bread made of rice flour was characterized by a better quality with the lowest amount of water addition (80%), while bread made of corn and rice flour and buckwheat, corn, and rice flour were characterized by the best quality when the amount of water addition was 90%. Changes in the physical properties of bread were described as second degree polynomial regression equations or by linear regression and the canonical form was proposed.
Electromotive versus passive diffusion of mitomycin C into human bladder wall: concentration-depth profiles studies. (1999)

The objectives of these investigations were: (a) to make a preliminary study to assess concentration-depth profiles of mitomycin C (MMC) in the bladder wall at specified time intervals after passive diffusion (PD); and (b) to conduct a major study to compare concentration-depth profiles after PD and electromotive drug administration (EMDA) of MMC. Full thickness sections of viable human bladder wall were placed in two-chamber cells with urothelium exposed to donor compartments containing 40 mg of MMC in 100 ml of 0.96% NaCl solutions and with serosa-facing receptor compartments containing 0.9% NaCl solutions. In the preliminary study during each of nine experimental sessions, five sections of bladder wall were individually exposed to MMC for either 5, 15, 30, 45, or 60 min. In the major study, an anode and a cathode were sited in the donor and receptor compartments, and 14 paired experiments--current (20 mA)/no current--were conducted over a 30-min period. Bladder wall sections were cut serially into 40-microm slices parallel to the urothelium and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for MMC concentration (microg/g wet tissue weight). Tissue viability and morphology and MMC stability were assessed by trypan-blue exclusion test, histological examination, and mass spectrometry analysis. In the preliminary study (PD only), mean MMC concentrations (microg) at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min were: (a) for urothelium, 15.3, 60.0, 58.2, 60.1, and 57.8, respectively; (b) for lamina propria, 2.2, 18.9, 19.3, 16.1, and 17.3, respectively; and (c) for muscularis, 0.4, 2.0, 1.8, 1.3, and 2.4, respectively. In the comparative study, MMC concentrations and coefficients of variation (CV) were as follows: (a) for urothelium after PD, 46.6 with CV = 69%, and after EMDA, 170.0 with CV = 43% (P < 0.0001); (b) for lamina propria after PD, 16.1, with CV = 60%, and after EMDA, 65.6 with CV = 29% (P < 0.0001); and (c) for muscularis after PD, 1.9 with CV = 82%, and after EMDA, 15.9 with CV = 82% (P < 0.0005). All of the bladder sections remained viable, and the chemical structure of MMC was unchanged. It was concluded that EMDA significantly enhances MMC transport into all of the layers of the bladder wall, and sections of viable human bladder are a reliable tool for assessing different modes of drug delivery.