gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of terpenoids: YgbB protein converts 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl- <scp>d</scp> -erythritol 2-phosphate to 2C-methyl- <scp>d</scp> -erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (2000)

In many microorganisms, the putative orthologs of the Escherichia coli ygbB gene are tightly linked or fused to putative orthologs of ygbP, which has been shown earlier to be involved in terpenoid biosynthesis. The ygbB gene of E. coli was expressed in a recombinant E. coli strain and was shown to direct the synthesis of a soluble, 17-kDa polypeptide. The recombinant protein was found to convert 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate into 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate and CMP. The structure of the reaction product was established by NMR spectroscopy using (13)C-labeled substrate samples. The enzyme-catalyzed reaction requires Mn(2+) or Mg(2+) but no other cofactors. Radioactivity from [2-(14)C]2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate was diverted efficiently to carotenoids by isolated chromoplasts from Capsicum annuum and, thus, was established as an intermediate in the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. YgbB protein also was found to convert 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol into 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 3,4-cyclophosphate. This compound does not serve as substrate for the formation of carotenoids by isolated chromoplasts and is assumed to be an in vitro product without metabolic relevance.
Fully Convolutional Siamese Networks for Change Detection (2018)

This paper presents three fully convolutional neural network architectures which perform change detection using a pair of coregistered images. Most notably, we propose two Siamese extensions of fully convolutional networks which use heuristics about the current problem to achieve the best results in our tests on two open change detection datasets, using both RGB and multispectral images. We show that our system is able to learn from scratch using annotated change detection images. Our architectures achieve better performance than previously proposed methods, while being at least 500 times faster than related systems. This work is a step towards efficient processing of data from large scale Earth observation systems such as Copernicus or Landsat.
An approach for fast and parallel video processing on Apache Hadoop clusters (2014)

This paper proposes an approach for fast and parallel video processing on MapReduce-based clusters such as Apache Hadoop. By utilizing clusters, the approach is able to handle large-scale of video data and the processing time can be significantly reduced. Technique details of performing video analysis on clusters are revealed, including method of porting typical video processing algorithms designed for a single computer to the proposed system. As case studies, face detection and motion detection and tracking algorithms have been implemented on clusters. Performance experiments on an Apache Hadoop cluster of six computers show that the system is able to reduce the running time of the two implemented algorithms to below 25% of that of a single computer. The applications of the system include smart city video surveillance, services provided by video sites and satellite image processing.
Inhibition of Infection of T-Cells with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Dideoxynucleosides Conjugated with Oligopeptides (1995)

We conjugated nucleoside derivatives that have anti-HIV-1 activities with oligopeptides that should bind to the gp120 of the HIV-1 virion, and examined their anti-HIV-1 activities. These derivates included 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine (AZT), 2′,3′-dideoxyuridine (ddU), 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine (ddC), 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (ddI) and 2′,3′-dideoxyadenine (ddA). Dipeptides consisting of N-carbomethoxy-carbonyl-prolyl-phenylalanylbenzyl ester (CPF) and oligopeptides derived from the complementarity-determining region 2 (CDR2) of domain 1 of CD4 were synthesized. The N-terminals of these peptides were conjugated with the 5′OH of AZT, ddU, ddC, ddl or ddA through carbonyl moieties. CPF conjugated with AZT, ddC, ddl or ddA through two-carbonyl moieties exhibited powerful anti-HIV-1 activity, which was similar to that of the respective nucleosides when compared at the same molar concentration. No complex compound connected by a one-carbonyl moiety had anti-HIV-1 activity, whereas a tetrapeptide or octapeptide of the CDR2 region combined with AZT did have such activity. The toxicity of these CPF-containing compounds to human peripheral blood lymphocytes was slightly weaker than the toxicities of the corresponding nucleosides lacking CPF. Antiviral nucleosides containing oligopeptides may be used as lead compounds in an effort to isolate more effective and less cytotoxic anti-HIV-1 agents.
<i>In vitro</i> fermentation by human faecal bacteria of total and purified dietary fibres from brown seaweeds (1996)

Abstract The in vitro degradation of dietary fibre from three brown seaweeds (Himanthalia elongata, Laminaria digitata and Undaria pinnatiJda) was studied, using human faecal flora. Two sets of fibre were tested: (1) total algal fibres extracted from the whole algae, mainly composed of alginates, and (2) purified fibres (sulphated fucans, Na-alginates and laminarans) representative of those contained in the whole brown algae. Mannuronate, one algal component, was also investigated. Substrate disappearance and short- chain fatty acid (SCFA) production were monitored after 6, 12 and 24 h fermentation. Gas production was followed hourly during the first 9 h and then at 12 and 24 h. Sugarbeet fibre was used as a fermentation reference substrate. According to the fermentative indices used, most of each of the total algal fibres disappeared after 24 h (range 60–76 %) hut, unlike the reference substrate, they were not completely metabolized to SCFA (range 47–62 %). Among the purified algal fibres, disappearance of laminarans was approximately 90% and metabolism to SCFA was approximately 85% in close agreement with the fermentation pattern of reference fibres. Sulphated fucans were not degraded. Na- alginates exhibited a fermentation pattern quite similar to those of the whole algal fibres with a more pronounced discrepancy between disappearance and production of SCFA: disappearance was approximately 83 % but metabolism was only approximately 57 YO. Mannuronate was slowly fermented hut its metabolism corresponded to its disappearance from the fermentative medium. Thus, the characteristic fermentation pattern of the total fibres from the three brown algae investigated was attributed to the peculiar fermentation of alginates, and mannuronate was shown not to be directly involved.
Immediate Release Tablets of Telmisartan Using Superdisintegrant-Formulation, Evaluation and Stability Studies (2008)

Telmisartan (anti-hypertensive) is insoluble in water; hence the drug may be slowly or incompletely dissolved in the gastro intestinal tract. So the rate of dissolution and therefore its bioavailability is less (bioavailability 42%). In the present study an attempt has been made to prepare immediate release tablets of telmisartan by using Polyplasdone XL-10 (Crosspovidone) at intragranular, extragranular and partly intra and extragranular level of addition to increase the rate of drug release from dosage form to increase the dissolution rate and hence its bioavailability. The prepared granules and tablets were evaluated for their physiochemical properties and in-vitro dissolution study was conducted for the prepared tablets. It was concluded that the immediate release tablets with proper hardness, disintegration time and with increase rate of dissolution can be made using Polyplasdone XL-10. Formuation-10 (F10) was selected for stability study and the in-vitro dissolution study showed that was no difference in percent of drug released between initial and sixth month sample.
Automatically partitioning packet processing applications for pipelined architectures (2005)

Modern network processors employs parallel processing engines (PEs) to keep up with explosive internet packet processing demands. Most network processors further allow processing engines to be organized in a pipelined fashion to enable higher processing throughput and flexibility. In this paper, we present a novel program transformation technique to exploit parallel and pipelined computing power of modern network processors. Our proposed method automatically partitions a sequential packet processing application into coordinated pipelined parallel subtasks which can be naturally mapped to contemporary high-performance network processors. Our transformation technique ensures that packet processing tasks are balanced among pipeline stages and that data transmission between pipeline stages is minimized. We have implemented the proposed transformation method in an auto-partitioning C compiler product for Intel Network Processors. Experimental results show that our method provides impressive speed up for the commonly used NPF IPv4 forwarding and IP forwarding benchmarks. For a 9-stage pipeline, our auto-partitioning C compiler obtained more than 4X speedup for the IPv4 forwarding PPS and the IP forwarding PPS (for both the IPv4 traffic and IPv6 traffic).
Fast 4D Sheared Filtering for Interactive Rendering of Distribution Effects (2015)

Soft shadows, depth of field, and diffuse global illumination are common distribution effects, usually rendered by Monte Carlo ray tracing. Physically correct, noise-free images can require hundreds or thousands of ray samples per pixel, and take a long time to compute. Recent approaches have exploited sparse sampling and filtering; the filtering is either fast (axis-aligned), but requires more input samples, or needs fewer input samples but is very slow (sheared). We present a new approach for fast sheared filtering on the GPU. Our algorithm factors the 4D sheared filter into four 1D filters. We derive complexity bounds for our method, showing that the per-pixel complexity is reduced from O ( n 2 l 2 ) to O ( nl ), where n is the linear filter width (filter size is O ( n 2 )) and l is the (usually very small) number of samples for each dimension of the light or lens per pixel (spp is l 2 ). We thus reduce sheared filtering overhead dramatically. We demonstrate rendering of depth of field, soft shadows and diffuse global illumination at interactive speeds. We reduce the number of samples needed by 5-8×, compared to axis-aligned filtering, and framerates are 4× faster for equal quality.
Flexible docking using tabu search and an empirical estimate of binding affinity (1998)

This article describes the implementation of a new docking approach. The method uses a Tabu search methodology to dock flexibly ligand molecules into rigid receptor structures. It uses an empirical objective function with a small number of physically based terms derived from fitting experimental binding affinities for crystallographic complexes. This means that docking energies produced by the searching algorithm provide direct estimates of the binding affinities of the ligands. The method has been tested on 50 ligand-receptor complexes for which the experimental binding affinity and binding geometry are known. All water molecules are removed from the structures and ligand molecules are minimized in vacuo before docking. The lowest energy geometry produced by the docking protocol is within 1.5 A root-mean square of the experimental binding mode for 86% of the complexes. The lowest energies produced by the docking are in fair agreement with the known free energies of binding for the ligands.
High performance 3D-FFT implementation (2013)

3D FFT is a very data and compute intensive kernel encountered in many applications. We report a high performance design and implementation of 3D-FFT on a CGRA which supports partial reconfiguration. The hardware software multi clock design uses dynamic reconfiguration to reduce the required communication bandwidth to achieve a sustained throughput of 40 GOPS on a wordsize of 48 bits. Performance metrics including overheads and speed over software for implementations of up to 256 point 3D-FFT have been presented in the paper.
Phosphorylation site specificity of the CDC2-related kinase PITALRE (1996)

PITALRE is a human protein kinase belonging to the cell division cycle 2 (CDC2) kinase family, and is the catalytic subunit of a multimeric complex that contains several cellular proteins. PITALRE complexes from several cell lines and tissues phosphorylate retinoblastoma protein and myelin basic protein (MBP). In the present work, we have found that MBP is phosphorylated by PITALRE complexes on both Ser and Thr residues. Two different antibodies raised to PITALRE purified virtually identical kinase activities, as analysed by MBP phosphopeptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analysis. We have identified the proline-directed residue Ser-162 of MBP as a major phosphorylation site for PITALRE. In addition, our results suggest that one of the two MBP proline-directed threonine residues, Thr-97, is also selectively phosphorylated by PITALRE. These data, together with analysis of different peptide substrates derived from sites on MBP that are phosphorylated by PITALRE, indicate that PITALRE is a Ser/Thr proline-directed kinase. In addition, our results show that PITALRE has a substrate site specificity distinguishable from those of the CDC2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2).
Development of a THz spectroscopic imaging system (2002)

We have developed a real-time THz imaging system based on the two-dimensional (2D) electro-optic (EO) sampling technique. Employing the 2D EO-sampling technique, we can obtain THz images using a CCD camera at a video rate of up to 30 frames per second. A spatial resolution of 1.4 mm was achieved. This resolution was reasonably close to the theoretical limit determined by diffraction. We observed not only static objects but also moving ones. To acquire spectroscopic information, time-domain images were collected. By processing these images on a computer, we can obtain spectroscopic images. Spectroscopy for silicon wafers was demonstrated.
Some Products Arising from the Condensation of D-Ribose with Benzaldehyde. 2,3-O-Benzylidene-β-D-ribofuranose and Di-(2,3-O-benzylidene-D-ribofuranose)-1,5':1', 5-dianhydride (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Products Arising from the Condensation of D-Ribose with Benzaldehyde. 2,3-O-Benzylidene-β-D-ribofuranose and Di-(2,3-O-benzylidene-D-ribofuranose)-1,5':1', 5-dianhydrideHarry B. Wood Jr., Harry W. Diehl, and Hewitt G. Fletcher Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 18, 4715–4717Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01599a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01599a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Clinical Course of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Inflammation Is Controlled by the Expression of Cd40 within the Central Nervous System (2001)

Although it is clear that the function of CD40 on peripheral hematopoietic cells is pivotal to the development of autoimmunity, the function of CD40 in autoimmune disease outside this compartment is unresolved. In a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), evidence is presented that CD40-CD154 interactions within the central nervous system (CNS) are critical determinants of disease development and progression. Using bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice, the data suggest that the lack of expression of CD40 by CNS-resident cells diminishes the intensity and duration of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced EAE and also reduces the degree of inflammatory cell infiltrates into the CNS. Although CNS inflammation is compromised in the CD40(+/+)-->CD40(-/-) BM chimeric mice, the restricted CD40 expression had no impact on peripheral T cell priming or recall responses. Analysis of RNA expression levels within the CNS demonstrated that encephalitogenic T cells, which entered a CNS environment in which CD40 was absent from parenchymal microglia, could not elicit the expression of chemokines within the CNS. These data provide evidence that CD40 functions outside of the systemic immune compartment to amplify organ-specific autoimmunity.
Insulating solids data in a computerized comprehensive on-line numerical data base on dielectric materials (2003)

A computerized comprehensive numerical database on dielectric materials has been established and is online operational at the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis of Purdue University. This database serves as a central source of technical commercial, and applications data on dielectric materials, and it disseminates such data directly to designers, engineers, scientists, researchers, etc. across the nation. The database system is interactive, menu-driven, and user-friendly. It is readily accessible to any user from a computer terminal or personal computer via telephone lines without learning any special query language or commands. It makes possible both the direct mode of search/retrieval of data for specified materials, properties, independent variables, etc. and the inverted mode of search/retrieval of candidate materials that meet a specified set of requirements, which is the computer-aided materials selection. It also allows units conversion, variable transformation, statistical analysis, and interactive graphical manipulation of the retrieved data. While this database covers dielectric liquids, solids, gases, and combinations thereof, the present work deals mainly with dielectric solids. So far the data and information on dielectric solids contained in the database cover some 1000 materials, 170 properties, and 70 independent variables and parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Channel Equalization for Wireless Communications: From Concepts to Detailed Mathematics (2011)

1 Introduction 1 2 Matched Filtering 31 3 Zero-Forcing Decision Feedback Equalization 57 4 Linear Equalization 69 5 MMSE and ML Decision Feedback Equalization 99 6 Maximum Likelihood Sequence Detection 115 7 Advanced Topics 151 8 Practical Considerations 173
The Effects of External Compression by Three Different Retractors on Pressure in the Erector Spine Muscles During and After Posterior Lumbar Spine Surgery in Humans (1998)

External compression and muscle strain from retractor blades during surgery increased intramuscular pressure in the paravertebral muscles to levels that, according to other studies, induce ischemia in the muscles.
Bromoacetate Olefination Protocol for Norbixin and Julia–Kocienski Olefination for Its Ester Syntheses (2019)

A new olefination protocol utilizing ethyl bromoacetate was highlighted, in which magnesium enolate of the ester coupled with C<sub>20</sub> dialdehyde <b>6</b>, and double eliminations of the protected hydroxyl groups and bromine atoms of the coupling bromohydrin product, efficiently produced norbixin <b>1</b> after concomitant hydrolysis of the ester. A new (C<sub>7</sub> + C<sub>10</sub> + C<sub>7</sub>) disconnection approach was demonstrated for the synthesis of norbixin ethyl ester <b>2</b> by the Julia-Kocienski olefination of novel C<sub>7</sub> benzothiazolyl-sulfone <b>11</b> and C<sub>10</sub> 2,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienedial (<b>12</b>).
Development in dihydropyridine chemistry (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment in dihydropyridine chemistryJosef Kuthan and A. KurfurstCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1982, 21, 2, 191–261Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300006a012https://doi.org/10.1021/i300006a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views894Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Clicking with Dollars: How Consumers Can Pay for Purchases from E-Tailers (2002)

The Internet is often referred to as the world?s largest mall. About half of all adults in the United States have made a purchase online. Worldwide, online shopping is considerably greater?and cybershopping is expected to continue to grow as more households become connected to the Internet and as improvements in mobile telecommunication technology allow wireless Internet access anywhere and anytime.> A byproduct of the dramatic increase in online shopping has been a heightened demand for convenient and secure online payment methods. Consumers make almost all their online purchases with credit cards. But study after study continues to identify concerns about the safety of providing credit-card numbers and personal information online as the biggest barrier to cybershopping. Without further improvements in consumers? online payment options, e-tailing might not realize its full potential.> Schreft surveys and assesses what is new about the options consumers have to make payments at Internet retailers. She discusses how making payments in cyberspace differs from making payments in the bricks-and-mortar world and describes the use of traditional payment methods for cybershopping. She also examines the new means of payment designed especially for use online.
PLATO P: PLA timing optimization by partitioning (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of partitioning a large PLA into a number of smaller PLA's (sub-PLA's) such that the total area of these sub-PLA's is minimum and the cycle time of the partitioned circuit is minimized. First, we describe an iterative improvement method that deals with the case that sub-PLA's assume arbitrary sizes. Second, we present a partitioning technique based on fuzzy logic that deals with the case that the sizes of the sub-PLA's are fixed. Finally, we describe a method that considers not only delay through each sub-PLA, but also loading of sub-PLA's on the stage that is driving them. These techniques have been implemented and significantly outperformed conventional PLA partitioning schemes.