gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Farm Waste-Driven Supply Side Infrastructure for Data Centers (2010)

In this paper, we design a supply-side infrastructure for data centers that runs primarily on energy from digested farm waste. Although the information technology and livestock industries may seem completely disjoint, they have complementary characteristics that we exploit for mutual benefit. In particular, the farm waste fuels a combined heat and power system. The data center consumes the power, and its waste heat feeds back into the combined system. We propose a resource management system to manage the resource flows and effluents, and evaluate the direct and indirect economic benefits. As an example, we explain how a hypothetical farm of 10,000 dairy cows could fulfill the power requirements of a 1MW data center.
Electrodispersive multiple quantum well modulator (1988)

Quantum-confined Stark effect is combined with a Fabry–Perot resonance to build a multiple quantum well electro-optic modulator. The structure consists of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells between two epitaxial AlAs/AlGaAs dielectric multilayer mirrors, all grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The modulator uses refractive index changes induced by applied electric fields. In reflection mode of operation, the modulator demonstrates &gt;5:1 contrast ratio and &gt;50% absolute maximum reflectivity with 17 V applied.
Spectroscopic Observation of a Hydrogenated CO Dimer Intermediate During CO Reduction on Cu(100) Electrodes (2017)

Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide can be electrochemically reduced to useful products such as ethylene and ethanol on copper electrocatalysts. The process is yet to be optimized and the exact mechanism and the corresponding reaction intermediates are under debate or unknown. In particular, it has been hypothesized that the C-C bond formation proceeds via CO dimerization and further hydrogenation. Although computational support for this hypothesis exists, direct experimental evidence has been elusive. In this work, we detect a hydrogenated dimer intermediate (OCCOH) using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at low overpotentials in LiOH solutions. Density functional theory calculations support our assignment of the observed vibrational bands. The formation of this intermediate is structure sensitive, as it is observed only during CO reduction on Cu(100) and not on Cu(111), in agreement with previous experimental and computational observations.
Performance and Area Optimization of VLSISystems Using Genetic Algorithms (1994)

A new performance and area optimization algorithm for complex VLSI systems is presented. It is widely believed within the VLSI CAD community that the relationship between delay and silicon area of a VLSI chip is convex. This conclusion is based on a simplified linear RC model to predict gate delays. In the proposed optimization algorithm, a nonlinear, non‐RC based transistor delay model was used which resulted in a non‐convex relationship between the delay and the silicon area of a VLSI chip. Genetic algorithms are better suited for discrete, non‐convex, non‐linear optimization problems than traditional calculus‐based algorithms. By using the genetic algorithms in the performance and area optimization, we are able to find the optimal values for both delay and silicon area for the ISCAS benchmark circuits.
QoE-Driven, Energy-Aware Video Adaptation in 5G Networks: The SELFNET Self-Optimisation Use Case (2016)

Sharp increase of video traffic is expected to account for the majority of traffic in future 5G networks. This paper introduces the SELFNET 5G project and describes the video streaming use case that will be used to demonstrate the self-optimising capabilities of SELFNET's autonomic network management framework. SELFNET's framework will provide an advanced self-organizing network (SON) underpinned by seamless integration of Software Defined Networking (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), and network intelligence. The self-optimisation video streaming use case is going beyond traditional quality of service approaches to network management. A set of monitoring and analysis components will facilitate a user-oriented, quality of experience (QoE) and energy-aware approach. Firstly, novel SON-Sensors will monitor both traditional network state metrics and new video and energy related metrics. The combination of these low level metrics provides highly innovative health of network (HoN) composite metrics. HoN composite metrics are processed via autonomous decisions not only maintaining but also proactively optimising users' video QoE while minimising the end-to-end energy consumption of the 5G network. This contribution provided a detailed technical overview of this ambitious use case.
UHF Film Resonator Evaluation and Resonator-Controlled Oscillator and Filter Design Using Computer-Aided Design Techniques (2005)

RF magnetron-sputtered piezoelectric films on silicon semiconductor substrates provide the basis for high Q, temperature-stable, bulk acoustic resonators in monolithic, UHF signal processing circuits. This paper describes the design of UHF oscillators using such resonators as the frequency-controlling elements. RF circuit analysis/optimization software has been used for determining resonator equivalent electrical circuit parameters and oscillator sustaining-stage optimum small-signal impedance characteristics, based on automated measurement of resonator and transistor S-parameters. Oscillator circuits have been designed for potential implementation using silicon and GaAs technology. A prototype oscillator has been fabricated that is realizable in monolithic form and allows resonator utilization as a one port. Measurement of oscillator output-signal phase-noise sideband spectra indicates achievement of L(f) = -110 dB/Hz at 1 kHz carrier offset frequency.
AuraRing (2019)

Wearable computing platforms, such as smartwatches and head-mounted mixed reality displays, demand new input devices for high-fidelity interaction. We present AuraRing, a wearable magnetic tracking system designed for tracking fine-grained finger movement. The hardware consists of a ring with an embedded electromagnetic transmitter coil and a wristband with multiple sensor coils. By measuring the magnetic fields at different points around the wrist, AuraRing estimates the five degree-of-freedom pose of the ring. We develop two different approaches to pose reconstruction---a first-principles iterative approach and a closed-form neural network approach. Notably, AuraRing requires no runtime supervised training, ensuring user and session independence. AuraRing has a resolution of 0.1 mm and a dynamic accuracy of 4.4 mm, as measured through a user evaluation with optical ground truth. The ring is completely self-contained and consumes just 2.3 mW of power.
Topical Anesthesia of the Unbroken Skin (1957)

The purpose of this study was to attempt to produce anesthesia of the unbroken skin by topical application of anesthetic salts or their bases. Certain volatile substances, such as menthol, phenol, or benzyl alcohol, readily penetrate unbroken skin and are not a part of this report. Anesthesia following topical application of anesthetic salts is easily produced when applied to the oral, nasal, or conjunctival mucosa. Similar anesthesia of the unbroken skin is more difficult because of the skin barrier to epicutaneous penetration. Materials Both solutions and ointments were used as vehicles for a number of anesthetic drugs and of an antihistaminic drug with anesthetic properties. The drugs used were lidocaine (Xylocaine), tetracaine (Pontocaine), phenacaine (Holocaine), procaine, benoxinate (Dorsacaine) and tripelennamine (Pyribenzamine). The bases of these drugs were dissolved in a solution containing 45% isopropyl alcohol, 10% glycerin, and 45% water, hereafter called the alcoholic solvent. This
Microwave-assisted synthesis of highly water-soluble graphene towards electrical DNA sensor (2010)

Graphene sheets have the potential for practical applications in electrochemical devices, but their development has been impeded by critical problems with aggregation of graphene sheets. Here, we demonstrated a facile and bottom-up approach for fabrication of DNA sensor device using water-soluble sulfonated reduced graphene oxide (SRGO) sheets via microwave-assisted sulfonation (MAS), showing enhanced sensitivity, reliability, and low detection limit. Key to achieving these performances is the fabrication of the SRGOs, where the MAS method enabled SRGOs to be highly dispersed in water (10 mg mL(-1)) due to the acidic sulfonated groups generated within 3 min of the functionalization reaction. The water-soluble SRGO-DNA (SRGOD) hybrids prepared by electrostatic interactions between a flat single layer of graphene sheets and DNAs are suitable for fabrication of electrical DNA sensor devices because of the unique electrical characteristics of SRGODs. The high sensing performance of SRGOD sensors was demonstrated with detection of DNA hybridization using complementary DNAs, single base mismatched DNAs, and noncomplementary DNAs, with results showing higher sensitivity and lower detection limit than those of reduced graphene oxide-based DNA sensors. Simple and easy fabrication of DNA sensor devices using SRGODs is expected to provide an effective way for electrical detection of DNA hybridization using miniature sensors without the labor-intensive labeling of the sensor and complex measurement equipment.
The Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Approaches for Vascular Cell Signaling by Advanced Glycation Endproducts Receptor and Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier (2012)

The advanced glycation endproducts receptor (AGE-R) is a signal transduction receptor for multiligand such as S100b and AGEs. S100b has been demonstrated to activate various cells with important links to atherosclerosis initiation and progression including endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells via AGE-R, triggering activation of multiple signaling cascades through its cytoplasmic domain. Many studies have suggested AGE-R might even participate in the cardiovascular complications involved in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes. Recently, Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier 1 (SURM-1 also known as SUMO-1) has been recognized as a protein that plays an important role in cellular post-translational modifications in a variety of cellular processes, such as transport, transcriptional, apoptosis and stability. Computer Database search with SUMOplot Analysis program identified the five potential SURMylation sites in human AGE-R: K43, K44, K123, and K273 reside within the extracellular domain of AGE-R, and lastly K374 resides with the cytosolic domain of AGE-R. The presence of the consensus yKXE motif in the AGE-R strongly suggests that AGE-R may be regulated by SURMylation process. To test this, we decided to determine if AGE-R is SURMylated in living vascular cell system. S100b-stimulated murine aortic vascular smooth muscle cells were used for western blot analysis with relevant antibodies. Taken together, bioinformatics database search and molecular biological approaches suggested AGE-R is SURMylated in living cardiovascular cell system. Whilst SURMylation and AGE-R undoubtedly plays an important role in the cardiovascular biology, it remains unclear as to the exact nature of this contribution under both physiological and pathological conditions.
Effectiveness of topical calcineurin inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with hydroxychloroquine in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (2011)

Topical calcineurin inhibitors enhance the therapeutic effect of systemic agents in cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and result in improvement of the clinical parameters studied.
Notizen: Zur Kenntnis des Mangancarbonyls (1957)

Mangancarbonyl Mn 2 (CO) 10 zeigt in seinem chemischen Verhalten Beziehungen zum homologen Rheniumcarbonyl, so in der Existenz charakteristischer Halogenopentacarbonyle Mn(CO) 5 Halg, wie auch zum Kobaltcarbonyl, namentlich hinsichtlich seiner Reaktion mit Alkalilaugen, die zum Pentacarbonylmanganat [Mn(CO) 5 ] – führt. Von letzterem leiten sich Salze mit komplexen Kationen ab; Alkalisalze wie [Mn(CO) 5 ]Na entstehen unmittelbar aus dem Pentacarbonyl und Alkalimetall. Im übrigen zeigt Mangancarbonyl ein bemerkenswertes Sonderverhalten gegenüber den anderen Metallcarbonylen : das aus den Salzen mit Säuren gebildete flüchtige Hydrid Mn(CO) 5 H ist auffallend stabil und läßt sich in Ester überführen, die sich als erste Vertreter von „Organometallcarbonylen“ durch Stabilität und Flüchtigkeit auszeichnen. Monosubstitutions-Produkte mit Phosphinen u. a. wie Mn(CO) 4 PR 3 sind im Gegensatz zu entsprechenden Derivaten des Kobaltcarbonyls monomer und paramagnetisch.
Cbl-b Regulates Antigen-Induced TCR Down-Regulation and IFN-γ Production by Effector CD8 T Cells without Affecting Functional Avidity (2007)

The E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b is a negative regulator of TCR signaling that: 1) sets the activation threshold for T cells; 2) is induced in anergic T cells; and 3) protects against autoimmunity. However, the role of Cbl-b in regulating CD8 T cell activation and functions during physiological T cell responses has not been systematically examined. Using the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection model, we show that Cbl-b deficiency did not significantly affect the clonal expansion of virus-specific CD8 T cells. However, Cbl-b deficiency not only increased the steady-state cell surface expression levels of TCR and CD8 but also reduced Ag-induced down-modulation of cell surface TCR expression by effector CD8 T cells. Diminished Ag-stimulated TCR down-modulation and sustained Ag receptor signaling induced by Cbl-b deficiency markedly augmented IFN-gamma production, which is known to require substantial TCR occupancy. By contrast, Cbl-b deficiency minimally affected cell-mediated cytotoxicity, which requires limited engagement of TCRs. Surprisingly, despite elevated expression of CD8 and reduced Ag-induced TCR down-modulation, the functional avidity of Cbl-b-deficient effector CD8 T cells was comparable to that of wild-type effectors. Collectively, these data not only show that Cbl-b-imposed constraint on TCR signaling has differential effects on various facets of CD8 T cell response but also suggest that Cbl-b might mitigate tissue injury induced by the overproduction of IFN-gamma by CD8 T cells. These findings have implications in the development of therapies to bolster CD8 T cell function during viral infections or suppress T cell-mediated immunopathology.
Model Context Selection for Run-to-Run Control (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In the design of run-to-run controllers one is usually faced with the problem of selecting a model structure that best explains the variability in the data. The variable selection problem often becomes more complex when there are large numbers of candidate variables and the usual regression modeling assumptions are not satisfied. This paper proposes a model selection approach that uses ideas from the statistical linear models and stepwise regression literature to identify the context variables that contribute most to the autocorrelation and to the offsets in the data. A simulation example and an application to lithography alignment control are presented to illustrate the approach. </para>
Correction: Genetic Diversity and Transmission Characteristics of Beijing Family Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Peru (2013)

Beijing family strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have attracted worldwide attention because of their wide geographical distribution and global emergence. Peru, which has a historical relationship with East Asia, is considered to be a hotspot for Beijing family strains in South America. We aimed to unveil the genetic diversity and transmission characteristics of the Beijing strains in Peru. A total of 200 Beijing family strains were identified from 2140 M. tuberculosis isolates obtained in Lima, Peru, between December 2008 and January 2010. Of them, 198 strains were classified into sublineages, on the basis of 10 sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). They were also subjected to variable number tandem-repeat (VNTR) typing using an international standard set of 15 loci (15-MIRU-VNTR) plus 9 additional loci optimized for Beijing strains. An additional 70 Beijing family strains, isolated between 1999 and 2006 in Lima, were also analyzed in order to make a longitudinal comparison. The Beijing family was the third largest spoligotyping clade in Peru. Its population structure, by SNP typing, was characterized by a high frequency of Sequence Type 10 (ST10), which belongs to a modern subfamily of Beijing strains (178/198, 89.9%). Twelve strains belonged to the ancient subfamily (ST3
Glutamate-induced calcium transient triggers delayed calcium overload and neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal neurons (1992)

Glutamate-induced changes in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were recorded in single rat hippocampal neurons grown in primary culture by employing the Ca2+ indicator indo-1 and a dual-emission microfluorimeter. The [Ca2+]i was monitored in neurons exposed to 100 microM glutamate for 5 min and for an ensuing 3 hr period. Ninety-two percent (n = 64) of these neurons buffered the glutamate-induced Ca2+ load back to basal levels after removal of the agonist; thus, the majority of cells had not lost the ability to regulate [Ca2+]i at this time. However, following a variable delay, in 44% (n = 26) of the neurons that buffered glutamate-induced Ca2+ loads to basal levels, [Ca2+]i rose again to a sustained plateau and failed to recover. The changes in [Ca2+]i that occur during glutamate-induced delayed neuronal death can be divided into three phases: (1) a triggering phase during which the neuron is exposed to glutamate and the [Ca2+]i increases to micromolar levels, followed by (2) a latent phase during which the [Ca2+]i recovers to a basal level, and (3) a final phase that begins with a gradual rise in the [Ca2+]i that reaches a sustained plateau from which the neuron does not recover. This delayed Ca2+ overload phase correlated significantly with cell death. The same sequence of events was also observed in recordings from neuronal processes. The delayed Ca2+ increase and subsequent death were dependent upon the presence of extracellular Ca2+ during glutamate exposure. Calcium influx during the triggering phase resulted from the activation of both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors as indicated by studies using receptor antagonists and ion substitution. Treatment with TTX (1 microM) or removal of extracellular Ca2+ for a 30 min window following agonist exposure failed to prevent the delayed Ca2+ overload. The delayed [Ca2+]i increase could be reversed by removing extracellular Ca2+, indicating that it resulted from Ca2+ influx. The three phases defined by changes in the [Ca2+]i during glutamate-induced neuronal toxicity suggest three distinct targets to which neuroprotective agents may be directed.
A new human acute monocytic leukemia cell line SHI-1 with t(6;11)(q27;q23), p53 gene alterations and high tumorigenicity in nude mice. (2005)

SHI-1 is a new monocytic leukemia cell line with the t(6;11) translocation, p53 gene alterations, and high tumorigenicity in nude mice. It could be a valuable tool in the study of leukemogenesis.
An application of the mannich reaction using hydroxylamine and some of its derivatives. 6‐Substituted‐2,4‐diamino‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydropyrimido[4,5‐<i>d</i>pyrimidines (1983)

Abstract Hydroxylamine and some of its O ‐substituted derivatives ( 2 ) have been used as the amine component in Mannich reactions with 2,4,6‐triaminopyrimidine ( 1 ). The resulting 6‐substituted tetrahydropyrimido[4,5‐ d ]‐pyrimidines ( 3 ) contain an N‐0 bond linking the substituent to the ring. These results extend the utility of this modified Mannich reaction to otherwise inaccessible substituents. Reaction conditions, spectral data and certain limitations of the reaction are discussed.
THE CIRCUMFUSION SYSTEM FOR MULTIPURPOSE CULTURE CHAMBERS (1967)

A self-contained mechanical system for circulating nutrient fluid through 12 tissue culture chambers is described in detail. This system utilizes nonperforated cellophane membranes in the chambers which separate the circulating nutrient from the tissue culture environments. The nutrient, therefore, is dialyzed through the cellophane of each chamber; some cell products are retained in the microenvironment between the closely apposed cellophane and cover slip, whereas the other cell products move from chamber to chamber in the circulating nutrient. The resultant environmental conditions directed by the circumfusion systems are highly favorable for maintaining the differentiation of chick embryo tissues over protracted periods; a number of micrographs are shown.
Robust H.264/AVC video coding with priority classification, adaptive NALU size and fragmentation (2009)

In this paper, we discuss a novel priority assignment and packetization scheme to transport H.264/AVC video packets over wireless networks. Specifically, we discuss a comprehensive packet priority assignment scheme for unequal error protection, followed by the use of adaptive network abstraction layer unit (NALU) sizes and NALU fragmentation schemes. These schemes use the standard-compliant decoder with various H.264/AVC error resiliency features. Our simulation results demonstrate that these schemes improve the PSNR performance of test video sequences in the presence of packet losses.
Design And Installation Of A Permanent Three-Component Geophone String At An Aquifer Storage And Recovery Site; Beenyup Western Australia (2008)

Seismic reflection is taking on a more prominent role in the world of hydrogeology. Seismic techniques such as Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP), now common in the petroleum industry, must be suitably adapted for new shallower applications (i.e. Hydrogeology). Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) and aquifer storage and recharge (ASR) have become important tools for groundwater management and require a higher standard of investigation, especially in the near well setting. For relatively shallow injection zones the maximum rate of injection is dependent on a number of factors including; depth to the injection zone; distribution of hydraulic conductivity and the integrity/strength of layering above the injection zone. Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) has potential to recover detailed information about near well hydrostratigraphy. We have designed and installed a permanent three-component (3C) geophone string proximal to a high volume injection bore at the Beenyup trial aquifer storage and recover site; Perth Western Australia. The deepest geophone is 280 m below ground level. The string consists of ten vertical axis geophones and six tri-axial geophones. The geophone array spans up to five distinct lithological units including major aquatard zones (e.g. the Pinjar Member of the Leederville Formation) and the main aquifer zone (i.e. the Wanneroo Member of the Leederville Formation). In combination with a 3-D seismic survey the VSP data will be used to recover detailed hydrostratigraphy for input to<br>hydraulic flow and reactive transport models for the site. The geophone string will form permanent research infrastructure for a number of 3-D and 4-D VSP experiments to be conducted during the Injection trial at Beenyup. We detail the processes used to design and install the Beenyup geophone string and provide examples of the 3C - VSP data obtained.