gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An intelligent digital microfluidic system with fuzzy-enhanced feedback for multi-droplet manipulation (2012)

The complexity of droplet hydrodynamics on a digital microfluidic (DMF) system eventually weakens its potential for application in large-scale chemical/biological micro-reactors. We describe here an intelligent DMF technology to address that intricacy. A wide variety of control-engaged droplet manageability is proposed and demonstrated through the operation of our modular DMF prototype, which comprises: (i) rigid profiling ability of different droplet's hydrodynamics under a real-time trajectory track of droplet-derived capacitance, permitting accurate and autonomous multi-droplet positioning without visual setup and heavy image signal processing; (ii) fuzzy-enhanced controllability saving up to 21% charging time when compared with the classical approach, enhancing the throughput, fidelity and lifetime of the DMF chip, while identifying and renouncing those weakened electrodes deteriorated over time, and (iii) expert manipulability of multi-droplet routings under countermeasure decisions in real time, preventing droplet-to-droplet or task-to-task interference. Altogether, this work exhibits the first modular DMF system with built-in electronic-control software-defined intelligence to enhance the fidelity and reliability of each droplet operation, allowing future manufacturability of a wide range of life science analyses and combinatorial chemical screening applications.
Phosphole‐Modified Poly(thiophene)s: Unique Postfunctionalizable Conjugated Polymers That Sense Elemental Chalcogenides (2006)

Bulk response: Following the development of conjugated polymers that sense ions or neutral molecules, the first π-conjugated polymer which is capable of detecting elemental chalcogens is presented. Individual reactions at the phosphole moieties (see picture) result in macroscopic responses of the bulk polymer. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z601844_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Online Detection of Spectre Attacks Using Microarchitectural Traces from Performance Counters (2018)

To improve processor performance, computer architects have adopted such acceleration techniques as speculative execution and caching. However, researchers have recently discovered that this approach implies inherent security flaws, as exploited by Meltdown and Spectre. Attacks targeting these vulnerabilities can leak protected data through side channels such as data cache timing by exploiting mis-speculated executions. The flaws can be catastrophic because they are fundamental and widespread and they affect many modern processors. Mitigating the effect of Meltdown is relatively straightforward in that it entails a software-based fix which has already been deployed by major OS vendors. However, to this day, there is no effective mitigation to Spectre. Fixing the problem may require a redesign of the architecture for conditional execution in future processors. In addition, a Spectre attack is hard to detect using traditional software-based antivirus techniques because it does not leave traces in traditional log files. In this paper, we proposed to monitor microarchitectural events such as cache misses, branch mispredictions from existing CPU performance counters to detect Spectre during attack runtime. Our detector was able to achieve 0% false negatives with less than 1 % false positives using various machine learning classifiers with a reasonable performance overhead.
Application of silylether and silylester polymer for chemical amplification system. (1990)

A Chemical Amplification system using silylether and silylester polymers as an acid labile compound was investigated. The effects of their structural parameters were examined in terms of their acid catalyzed decomposition rates. A bulkiness of the substituents on Si atom was the dominant parameter for these silicone polymers. The results supported the proposed mechanism of the acid decomposition that SN2 type nucleophilic attack of water to Si atom is involved as the rate determining step. Disulphone compounds were examined for their usefulness as a photoacid generator to be combined with these silicone polymers. The disulphones desirably exhibited a rapid absorption bleaching with acid generation upon deep UV irradiation. A three components chemical amplification composition, utilizing the disulphones, the silicone polymers as a dissolution inhibitor and a novolac resin, was tested lithographically, and was proved to work as a deep UV positive photoresist.
Para‐hydrogen enrichment and hyperpolarization (2006)

Abstract This article begins with general considerations about enrichment of hydrogen gas into its para isomer (corresponding to nuclear spins in the singlet state); this is a necessary condition to obtain hyperpolarization from transfer of the relevant population excess. This transfer is generally mediated by a hydrogenation reaction such that the two protons become nonequivalent. The energy level populations of this new spin system can be calculated unambiguously using a density matrix formalism. This formalism is reviewed, and the authors propose a simple method that leads to the spin state after the hydrogenation reaction and the insertion of the sample in the NMR magnet. The effect of radio‐frequency pulses is also considered. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 28A: 321–330, 2006
Common Genetic Variation of the <i>Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5</i> and <i>6</i> Genes Determines Fracture Risk in Elderly White Men (2006)

In men, the LRP5 1330-valine variant was associated with decreased BMD at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck with evidence for an allele-dose effect (p = 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). The Val allele was also associated with decreased vertebral body size and femoral neck width. Haplotype analysis of studied polymorphisms did not improve the association found and suggested that the 1330 variant was driving the association. We observed a borderline significant association of the LRP6 Ile1062Val polymorphism with height and vertebral body size in males. Male carriers of the LRP5 1330-valine variant had a 60% increased risk for fragility fractures, and the LRP6 1062-valine allele also conferred a 60% higher risk. Carriers of both the risk alleles of LRP5 and 6 had a 140% (p = 0.004) higher risk compared with noncarriers of both risk alleles and accounted for 10% of the fractures in males. The fracture risks were independent of age, height, weight, and BMD. In women, all of these associations were weaker and less consistent compared with men. The polymorphisms that were found associated were both situated in potentially important domains of the receptor and show considerable evolutionary conservation, which is evidence for functional importance of these residues.
Dynamic Uniaxial Extensional Viscosity (DUEV) Effects in Roll Application I. Rib and Web Growth in Commercial Coatings (1988)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation D. A. Soules, R. H. Fernando, J. E. Glass; Dynamic Uniaxial Extensional Viscosity (DUEV) Effects in Roll Application I. Rib and Web Growth in Commercial Coatings. J. Rheol. 1 February 1988; 32 (2): 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.549966 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Combined Adipocyte-Macrophage Fatty Acid–Binding Protein Deficiency Improves Metabolism, Atherosclerosis, and Survival in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (2004)

Combined aP2 and mal1 deficiency improved glucose and lipid metabolism, reduced atherosclerosis, and improved survival in apoE-/- mice, making these proteins important therapeutic targets for the prevention of the cardiovascular consequences of the metabolic syndrome.
Orthogonal Scalar Feedback Digital Pre-Distortion Linearization (2017)

Digital pre-distortion (DPD) systems are employed to reduce intermodulation at the output of intrinsic non-linear RF power amplifiers. Typical DPD algorithms use time-domain linear regression to calculate the model coefficients used to compensate the amplifier's distortion. This solution has high complexity and limited performance. This paper presents an innovative DPD system where the feedback information is a scalar measurement taken from the feedback signal. Different feedback information can be obtained from the distorted signal, e.g., the adjacent channel leakage rejection or the spectral mask margin. The DPD model coefficients estimation becomes a generic numerical optimization problem and is conducted iteratively in a coefficient-by-coefficient basis. A new coefficient orthogonalization algorithm removes the interaction between orders, resulting in a faster convergence time and lower output power variation across the iterations. The numerical optimization problem is simplified, since the nonlinear model becomes orthogonal in the intermodulation domain, i.e., the adjustment of given coefficient does not affect the others. Simulations and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively and efficiently compensate the nonlinear distortion and reduce the spectral regrowth.
Photothermal spectroscopy using optical beam probing: Mirage effect (1980)

Optical beam deflection near a heated surface was recently introduced as a method of photothermal spectroscopy. Photothermal spectroscopy (PTS) is closely related to photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) in its ability to measure optical properties of opaque solids and liquids. This paper develops a theory of this effect and compares this theory with extensive experimental observations. Both are in excellent agreement. The relationship between this form of PTS and PAS is explicitly developed. Applications to the measurement of thermal diffusivity of gases is described.
An illustrated practical guide to basic pacing (1991)

Preface Richard O. Russell 1. Introduction 2. Basic Electrophysiology 3. Clinical Electrophysiology 4. What Is A Pacemaker? 5. Hemodynamics and Pacing 6. Clinical Presentation of Conduction Defects and Indications for Pacing 7. Pacemaker Selection 8. Temporary Pacing 9. Techniques of Implantation 10. Clinical Results of Pacing 11. Pacemaker Clinic 12. Troubleshooting 13. Pacing in the Health Care System 14. The Future of Cardiac Pacing Appendix 1. The History of Cardiac Pacing Appendix 2. NASPE/BPEG Generic Pacemaker Code Appendix 3. Commonly Used Guidelines for Permanent Cardiac Pacemaker Implantation
Encyclopedia of pharmaceutica technology (2016)

Encyclopedia of pharmaceutica technology , Encyclopedia of pharmaceutica technology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Double stranded DNA sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry (1997)

Electrospray ionization produces far more abundant molecular ions for double stranded (ds) DNA than for single stranded (ss) and accurate molecular masses can provide the base composition of dsDNA. This study shows that the Fourier-transform mass spectra of a ds 64-mer DNA can provide approximately 50% more sequence information than the spectra of either individual ss component. Cleavages triggered by T loss are of low probability, but the opposite is true in the complementary ss strand that bears the base A at this site. The spectrum of the product of the attempted biological synthesis of a ds 70-mer DNA provided critical information on its extensive 3′-end heterogeneity.
RNA editing in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts. (1993)

In the mitochondria and chloroplasts of flowering plants (angiosperms), transcripts of protein-coding genes are altered after synthesis so that their final primary nucleotide sequence differs from that of the corresponding DNA sequence. This posttranscriptional mRNA editing consists almost exclusively of C-to-U substitutions. Editing occurs predominantly within coding regions, mostly at isolated C residues, and usually at first or second positions of codons, thereby almost always changing the amino acid from that specified by the unedited codon. Editing may also create initiation and termination codons. The net effect of C-to-U RNA editing in plants is to make proteins encoded by plant organelles more similar in sequence to their nonplant homologs. In a few cases, a strong argument can be made that specific C-to-U editing events are essential for the production of functional plant mitochondrial proteins. Although the phenomenon of RNA editing in plants is now well documented, fundamental questions remain to be answered: What determines the specificity of editing? What is the biochemical mechanism (deamination, base exchange, or nucleotide replacement)? How did the system evolve? RNA editing in plants, as in other organisms, challenges our traditional notions of genetic information transfer.
Development of "oligotyping" for characterization and molecular epidemiology of TEM beta-lactamases in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (1990)

Based on the DNA sequences of blaTEM-1 and blaTEM-2, which encode parental penicillinases TEM-1 and TEM-2, respectively, and blaTEM-3, blaTEM-4, blaTEM-5, blaTEM-6, and blaTEM-7, which encode extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, we designed heptadecanucleotides to discriminate point mutations in five loci. Determination of the hybridization profiles by colony hybridization with this selection of probes, termed "oligotyping," allowed characterization of the TEM variants present in 265 clinical isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae that exhibit synergism between a penicillinase inhibitor and broad-spectrum cephaslosporins. Among the 222 strains harboring TEM enzymes, Klebsiella pneumoniae (48%) and Escherichia coli (21%) were predominant, and TEM-3 was the most common enzyme (60%). Penicillinases TEM-1 and TEM-2 were detected alone (15 and 1%, respectively), combined (1%), or associated with another TEM beta-lactamase (17 and 6%, respectively). Fourteen variants, including seven new enzymes, were detected. One, TEM-13, was a new penicillinase with the same isoelectric point and substrate range as TEM-2 but differed by a single amino acid substitution, whereas the others, TEM-14 to TEM-19, were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases that consisted of novel combinations of known amino acid substitutions. Different TEM variants were found to coexist within the same cells. A patient could harbor two or three different strains that encoded the same enzyme or two indistinguishable isolates that produced distinct TEM beta-lactamases.
Topographic study of sudanophilic lesions in cholesterol-fed minipigs by image analysis. (1985)

A new morphometric technique using image analysis has been developed to express the topographic distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in unambiguous statistical terms. Computer-stored images of opened Sudan IV-stained aortas and iliac and coronary arteries from hypercholesterolemic minipigs (n = 39) were used in this study. The image processing methods included transformation of the data to standard templates, automated image segmentation, and creation of probability-of-occurrence maps. These maps have shown that sudanophilic lesions are localized with a characteristic topography along the aortas and iliac and coronary arteries. Areas of high probability are associated with the entrance regions of vessels and the lateral leading edges of the major flow dividers. Regions immediately distal to large branches were found to be areas of low probability. Despite the association of areas of sudanophilia with entrance regions and branch points, a major portion of sudanophilic lesions was not associated with any orifice region (e.g., ductus scar, dorsolateral surface of abdominal aorta, and ventral surface of terminal aorta). The present study provides the necessary information for the development of a rational sampling strategy for the experimental study of the distribution of localizing factors (e.g., hemodynamic, biochemical, cellular, mass transport, histological) and their relationships to putative atherogenic mechanisms.
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Transcription Is Repressed through an E2F Consensus Element and Activated by Geminivirus Infection in Mature Leaves (2001)

The geminivirus tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) amplifies its DNA genome in differentiated plant cells that lack detectable levels of DNA replication enzymes. Earlier studies showed that TGMV induces the accumulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the processivity factor for DNA polymerase delta, in mature cells of Nicotiana benthamiana. We sought to determine if PCNA protein accumulation reflects transcriptional activation of the host gene. RNA gel blot analysis detected an approximately 1200-nucleotide PCNA transcript in young leaves. The same RNA was found in mature leaves of infected but not healthy plants. Reporter gene analysis showed that a 633-bp promoter fragment of the N. benthamiana PCNA gene supports high levels of expression in cultured cells and in young but not mature leaves of healthy transgenic plants. In contrast, PCNA promoter activity was detected in both young and mature leaves of TGMV-infected plants. Developmental studies established a strong relationship between symptom severity, viral DNA accumulation, PCNA promoter activity, and endogenous PCNA mRNA levels. Mutation of an E2F consensus element in the PCNA promoter had no effect on its activity in young leaves but increased transcription in healthy mature leaves. Unlike the wild-type PCNA promoter, TGMV infection had no detectable effect on the activity of the mutant E2F promoter. Together, these results demonstrate that geminivirus infection induces the accumulation of a host replication factor by activating transcription of its gene in mature tissues, most likely by overcoming E2F-mediated repression.
Inspection of Bare Printed Circuit Board Using Planar Type ECT Probe (2004)

The eddy‐current testing technique gives a new skill for inspection of bare printed circuit board (PCB). The combination of the high‐sensitive micro eddy‐current testing (ECT) probe and the image processing technique enables us to inspect defect (disconnection, and chipping crack) on the trace of bare PCB. This paper deals with the structure of the probe and characteristics to apply the ECT approach to the inspection of high‐density PCB. We proposed the ECT probes of the meander coil (transmitter) and Spin‐Valve Giant Magnetoresistance sensor(receiver). The high frequency excitation up to 5 MHz enables us to detect the disconnection on the trace of less than 100 μm width and 35 μm thickness.
Influenza viruses: transmission between species (1980)

The only direct evidence for transmission of influenza viruses between species comes from studies on swine influenza viruses. Antigenically and genetically identical Hsw1N1 influenza viruses were isolated from pigs and man on the same farm in Wisconsin, U.S.A. The isolation of H3N2 influenza viruses from a wide range of lower animals and birds suggests that influenza viruses of man can spread to the lower orders. Under some conditions the H3N2 viruses can persist for a number of years in some species. The isolation, from aquatic birds, of a large number of influenza A viruses that possess surface proteins antigenically similar to the viruses isolated from man, pigs and horses provides indirect evidence for inter-species transmission. There is now a considerable body of evidence which suggests that influenza viruses of lower animals and birds may play a role in the origin of some of the pandemic strains of influenza A viruses. There is no direct evidence that the influenza viruses in aquatic birds are transmitted to man, but they may serve as a genetic pool from which some genes may be introduced into humans by recombination. Preliminary evidence suggests that the molecular basis of host range and virulence may be related to the RNA segments coding for one of the polymerase proteins (P3) and for the nucleoprotein (NP).
Nuclease sensitive element binding protein 1 associates with the selenocysteine insertion sequence and functions in mammalian selenoprotein translation (2006)

Biosynthesis of selenium-containing proteins requires insertion of the unusual amino acid selenocysteine by alternative translation of a UGA codon, which ordinarily serves as a stop codon. In eukaryotes, selenoprotein translation depends upon one or more selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) elements located in the 3'-untranslated region of the mRNA, as well as several SECIS-binding proteins. Our laboratory has previously identified nuclease sensitive element binding protein 1 (NSEP1) as another SECIS-binding protein, but evidence has been presented both for and against its role in SECIS binding in vivo and in selenoprotein translation. Our current studies sought to resolve this controversy, first by investigating whether NSEP1 interacts closely with SECIS elements within intact cells. After reversible in vivo cross-linking and ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation, mRNAs encoding two glutathione peroxidase family members co-precipitated with NSEP1 in both human and rat cell lines. Co-immunoprecipitation of an epitope-tagged GPX1 construct depended upon an intact SECIS element in its 3'-untranslated region. To test the functional importance of this interaction on selenoprotein translation, we used small inhibitory RNAs to reduce the NSEP1 content of tissue culture cells and then examined the effect of that reduction on the activity of a SECIS-dependent luciferase reporter gene for which expression depends upon readthrough of a UGA codon. Co-transfection of small inhibitory RNAs directed against NSEP1 decreased its expression by approximately 50% and significantly reduced luciferase activity. These studies demonstrate that NSEP1 is an authentic SECIS binding protein that is structurally associated with the selenoprotein translation complex and functionally involved in the translation of selenoproteins in mammalian cells.
Evaluation of the rate of flow through porous media using electrokinetic phenomena (1969)

There is a need for some means of direct measurement of the rate of flow through porous media to supplement the traditional indirect measurements, such as the use of tracers and the measurement of hydraulic gradient. An analytical relationship is developed that relates the rate of flow through porous media to the streaming current I and streaming potential E induced by the flow. Thus, a measurement of either E or I would give a value related to the rate of flow. Laboratory experiments were conducted to test the analytical relationship. The effects of the concentration of dissolved salt in the percolating solutions, the size of the particles forming the beds, and the temperature of the solution on the streaming current and the streaming potential are determined. The analytical relationships, together with the experimental work, form the basis of a method of measuring the rate of flow through porous media.