gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HITNet: Hierarchical Iterative Tile Refinement Network for Real-time Stereo Matching (2021)

This paper presents HITNet, a novel neural network architecture for real-time stereo matching. Contrary to many recent neural network approaches that operate on a full cost volume and rely on 3D convolutions, our approach does not explicitly build a volume and instead relies on a fast multi-resolution initialization step, differentiable 2D geometric propagation and warping mechanisms to infer disparity hypotheses. To achieve a high level of accuracy, our network not only geometrically reasons about disparities but also infers slanted plane hypotheses allowing to more accurately perform geometric warping and upsampling operations. Our architecture is inherently multi-resolution allowing the propagation of information across different levels. Multiple experiments prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach at a fraction of the computation required by state-of-the-art methods. At the time of writing, HITNet ranks 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> -3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> on all the metrics published on the ETH3D website for two view stereo, ranks 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> on most of the metrics amongst all the end-to-end learning approaches on Middlebury-v3, ranks 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> on the popular KITTI 2012 and 2015 benchmarks among the published methods faster than 100 ms.
Evidence for a molecular complex consisting of Fyb/SLAP, SLP-76, Nck, VASP and WASP that links the actin cytoskeleton to Fcγ receptor signalling during phagocytosis (2001)

Phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils involves the spatial and temporal reorganisation of the actin-based cytoskeleton at sites of particle ingestion. Local polymerisation of actin filaments supports the protrusion of pseudopodia that eventually engulf the particle. Here we have investigated in detail the cytoskeletal events initiated upon engagement of Fc receptors in macrophages. Ena/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) proteins were recruited to phagosomes forming around opsonised particles in both primary and immortalised macrophages. Not only did the localisation of Ena/VASP proteins coincide, spatially and temporally, with the phagocytosis-induced reorganisation of actin filaments, but their recruitment to the phagocytic cup was required for the remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton, extension of pseudopodia and efficient particle internalisation. We also report that SLP-76, Vav and profilin were recruited to forming phagosomes. Upon induction of phagocytosis, a large molecular complex, consisting in part of Ena/VASP proteins, the Fyn-binding/SLP-76-associated protein (Fyb/SLAP), Src-homology-2 (SH2)-domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa (SLP-76), Nck, and the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), was formed. Our findings suggest that activation of Fcgamma receptors triggers two signalling events during phagocytosis: one through Fyb/SLAP that leads to recruitment of VASP and profilin; and another through Nck that promotes the recruitment of WASP. These converge to regulate actin polymerisation, controlling the assembly of actin structures that are essential for the process of phagocytosis.
Anionic waterborne polyurethane dispersions based on hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene and poly(propylene glycol): Synthesis and characterization (2001)

Nonpolluting systems based on anionic polyurethane aqueous dispersions were obtained. The prepolymer based on hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) were synthesized in bulk. After neutralization with triethylamine (TEA), the anionomer prepolymer was dispersed in water, followed by a chain-extension reaction with ethylenediamine (EDA). The prepolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and the average particle size of the aqueous dispersions was determined by laser light scattering (LLS). The mechanical behavior of polyurethane-cast films and the adhesive properties of the aqueous dispersions as coatings for wood were evaluated. It was observed that an increase in the HTPB content provoked an increase in the viscosity and in the particle size of the dispersions. The tensile strength and the modulus values of the films and the adhesiveness of the coatings in wood were also increased by increasing the HTPB content. On the other hand, the elongation of the polyurethane-cast films and the tackness of the surface coatings decreased as the HTPB was increased. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 566–572, 2001
Im2Text: Describing Images Using 1 Million Captioned Photographs (2011)

We develop and demonstrate automatic image description methods using a large captioned photo collection. One contribution is our technique for the automatic collection of this new dataset – performing a huge number of Flickr queries and then filtering the noisy results down to 1 million images with associated visually relevant captions. Such a collection allows us to approach the extremely challenging problem of description generation using relatively simple non-parametric methods and produces surprisingly effective results. We also develop methods incorporating many state of the art, but fairly noisy, estimates of image content to produce even more pleasing results. Finally we introduce a new objective performance measure for image captioning. 1
Reassembly of protein-lipid complexes into large bilayer vesicles: Perspectives for membrane reconstitution (1980)

Protein-lipid complexes in apolar solvents reassemble into large bilayer protein-lipid vesicles (PLVs) with diameters of several micrometers. PLVs form spontaneously upon hydration of the protein-lipid complex residue after solvent removal. This procedure has been applied to the following membrane proteins: bovine and squid rhodopsin, reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, beef heart cytochrome c oxidase, and acetylcholine receptors from Torpedo californica. PLVs have a large internal aqueous space (e.g., 790 mul/mg of lipid for cattle rhodopsin vesicles). Freeze-fracture replicas of PLVs revealed that both internal and external leaflets contained numerous intramembranous particles with diameters between 80 and 120 A, depending on the specific protein incorporated in the membrane. The optical spectral properties of rhodopsin and reaction centers in PLVs were similar to those recorded in the respective natural membrane. Furthermore, bovine rhodopsin in PLVs was chemically regenerable with 9-cis-retinal. Actinic illumination induced proton efflux from reaction center vesicles that was abolished by proton ionophores. Therefore, this method is suitable for the incorporation of some membrane proteins in their functional state. PLVs were penetrated with microelectrodes and visualized by the injection of a fluorescent dye. Preliminary electrical recordings were obtained by sealing PLVs to a hole in a septum separating two aqueous compartments. These studies suggest that PLVs assembled by this procedure permit the simultaneous analysis of reconstituted membranes by chemical, optical, and electrical techniques.
Wireless laptops in the classroom (and the Sesame Street syndrome) (2006)

Give instructors the option of turning off wireless Web access to accommodate their students' learning styles, in some cases to save them from themselves.
Multivariable gyroscope control by individual channel design (2005)

In this paper, the analysis, design and implementation of a linear MIMO controller for the ECP750 gyroscope is addressed. This mechanism can be represented by a 4 times 2 MIMO model. It is shown that such a model can be decomposed into 2 SISO systems in series with a 2 times 2 MIMO system. Based on the above, a design composed of two internal SISO control loops and a 2 times2 MIMO control system is presented. The two SISO control loops are obtained by applying classical techniques, while the MIMO controller is designed by applying individual channel design (ICD). Real time results showing the control system performance are included
Bisdioxaborine Polymethines with Large Third-Order Nonlinearities for All-Optical Signal Processing (2006)

Organic materials with large third-order nonlinearities in the near-infrared spectral regime are critical in the development of photonic devices to be utilized in all-optical signal processing. We have developed polymethine materials, specifically bisdioxaborine-terminated polymethine dyes, which possess large ultrafast third-order nonlinearities and low nonlinear loss all in the near-infrared spectral regime. An extended bisdioxaborine polymethine anion exhibited the largest value of gamma (third-order microscopic nonlinearity) at 1.3 mum (|gamma| = 5.7 x 10-32 esu) and showed no characteristics of symmetry breaking, unlike other polymethines of similar lengths. A neat film of this molecule maintained relatively low linear loss in the near-infrared and showed a large third-order macroscopic nonlinearity at 1.3 mum (|chi(3)| = 3.6 x 10-10 esu), with a temporal response of less than 8 ps. Furthermore, the real part of chi(3) was nearly an order-of-magnitude larger than the imaginary component. Consequently, this material exhibited good figures of merit for all-optical signal processing throughout the entire telecommunications band.
Characteristics and EOR mechanisms of nanofluids permeation flooding for tight oil (2020)

Tight oil reservoir development is faced with the key technical problem that “water cannot be injected and oil cannot be produced” yet. With the diphenyl ethers water-soluble (gemini) surfactants as water phase shell and C10–C14 straight-chain hydrocarbon compounds as oil phase kernel, a nanofluids permeation flooding system was prepared by microemulsion technology, and its characteristics and EOR mechanisms were evaluated through experiments. The system has the following five characteristics: (1) “Small-size liquid”: the average particle size of the system is less than 30 nm, which can greatly reduce the starting pressure gradient of water injection, and effectively enter and expand the sweep volume of micro-nano matrix; (2) “Small-size oil” : the system can break the crude oil into “small-size oil” under the flow condition, which can greatly improve the percolation ability and displacement efficiency of the crude oil in the micro-nano matrix; (3) Dual-phase wetting: the system has contact angles with the water-wet and oil-wet interfaces of (46±1)° and (68±1)° respectively, and makes it possible for capillarity to work fully under complex wetting conditions of the reservoir; (4) High surface activity: the interfacial tension between the system and crude oil from a tight oil reservoir in Xinjiang is 10−3–10−2 mN/m, indicating the system can effectively improve the displacement efficiency of oil in fine pore throats; (5) Demulsification and viscosity reduction: the system has a demulsification and viscosity reduction rate of more than 80% to inversely emulsified crude oil from a tight oil reservoir in Xinjiang, so it can improve the mobility of crude oil in the reservoir and wellbore. The system can be used to increase oil production by fracturing in tight reservoirs, replenish formation energy by reducing injection pressure and increasing injection rate, and enhance oil recovery by displacement and cyclic injection, providing key technical support for effective production and efficient development and recovery enhancement of tight reservoirs.
Agile Urban Parking Recommendation Service for Intelligent Vehicular Guiding System (2014)

Nowadays, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies are exploring a wide range of services such as freeway management, crash prevention & safety, driver assistance, and infotainment of drivers and/or passengers. In this paper, an agile urban parking recommendation service for vehicular intelligent guiding system is designed to facilitate city citizens with fully efficient, real-time and precise parking lot guiding suggestions for the sustainability of the future green city. The system offers drivers a friendly parking lot recommendation sequence and saves driver's time circling around by the accurate prediction of the successful parking probability in each parking lot. The proposed cost model constructs an optimal recommendation sequence considering successful parking probability and time to reach the parking lot. Through the collection and analysis of realistic records from parking lots in Taipei city, a prediction algorithm is developed to estimate the successful parking probability by using current available space counts. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the prediction algorithm.
Modeling and Propagation of Noisy Waveforms in Static Timing Analysis (2005)

A technique based on the sensitivity of the output to input waveform is presented for accurate propagation of delay information through a gate for the purpose of static timing analysis (STA) in the presence of noise. Conventional STA tools represent a waveform by its arrival time and slope. However, this is not an accurate way of modeling the waveform for the purpose of noise analysis. The key contribution of our work is the development of a method that allows efficient propagation of equivalent waveforms throughout the circuit. Experimental results demonstrate higher accuracy of the proposed sensitivity-based gate delay propagation technique, SGDP, compared to the best of existing approaches. SGDP is compatible with the current level of gate characterization in conventional ASIC cell libraries, and as a result, it can be easily incorporated into commercial STA tools to improve their accuracy.
Development and<i>in vitro</i>evaluation of enteric coated multiparticulate system for resistant tuberculosis (2008)

The multiparticulate formulation of sodium para aminosalicylate for oral administration was developed by extrusion spheronization technique. Microcrystalline cellulose was used as filler in concentration of 14.4% w/w. Pellets were coated with Eudragit L 30 D-55 using fluidized bed processor. Different weight gains of acrylic polymer were applied onto the pellets and evaluated for in vitro dissolution behavior in 0.1 N HCl for two hours and then media was changed to phosphate buffer pH 6.8. A 60% w/w coating level of Eudragit L30 D 55 has produced the most acceptable results against the gastric attack. 3% Seal coat of HPMC E5 was also applied in order to protect the drug from migration into the Eudragit coat and film coat was applied in order to prevent aggregation of pellets in the dissolution media. Morphological characteristics of developed pellets were also investigated by scanning electron microscopy and found to be smooth and spherical. Developed system was found to be suitable for the delivery of Sod PAS in to intestinal region.
A general approach to backwards-compatible delivery of high dynamic range images and video (2008)

We propose a general solution to the problem of decoding high dynamic range (HDR) information stored as a supplement to low dynamic range (LDR) images or video. Each LDR frame is paired with a lower resolution HDR version, and these are compressed separately using any of the existing methods appropriate to the task. On decode, the low-resolution HDR image is upsampled to match the resolution of the LDR version, and the high frequencies are transferred from the LDR to the HDR frame. The recovery process places no constraints on the color space or tone-mapping of the backwards-compatible LDR content, and is thus ideally suited to applications such as DVD movies that target legacy equipment while building in forward-compatibility with emerging HDR systems. A fast and simple recovery algorithm is demonstrated, followed by a more sophisticated and accurate technique. Examples are shown on computer-generated video frames as well as HDR captured video.
Optical transmission through double-layer metallic subwavelength slit arrays (2006)

We present measurements of transmission of infrared radiation through double-layer metallic grating structures. Each metal layer contains an array of subwavelength slits and supports transmission resonance in the absence of the other layer. The two metal layers are fabricated in close proximity to allow coupling of the evanescent field on individual layers. The transmission of the double layer is found to be surprisingly large at particular wavelengths, even when no direct line of sight exists through the structure as a result of the lateral shifts between the two layers. We perform numerical simulations using rigorous coupled wave analysis to explain the strong dependence of the peak transmission on the lateral shift between the metal layers.
Spin Polarization due to Low-Energy Electron Diffraction at the W(001) Surface (1983)

The spin polarization in low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) from a clean W(001) surface, as well as from a surface exposed to residual gas, has been measured with a newly-constructed compact Mott detector. At a particular electron energy and incident angle, exposure of a clean surface to 0.5 Langmuir of residual gas causes a significant polarization change, from -45% to +31%. This characteristic is not inconsistent with results reported by other workers under different diffraction conditions.
Phase Coding of RF Pulses in Photonics-Aided Frequency-Agile Coherent Radar Systems (2012)

An innovative optical scheme to generate software-defined phase-modulated radio frequency (RF) pulses with carrier frequency agility from a mode-locked laser (MLL) is proposed. The technique exploits a direct digital synthesizer and a Mach-Zehnder modulator to apply an intermediate frequency modulation to the MLL's modes. The heterodyne detection of the optical signal allows the generation of amplitude- and phase-modulated RF carriers with very high phase stability, suitable for coherent radar applications. Further, a single MLL can be used to generate carriers simultaneously at different frequencies, enabling frequency hopping or multifunctional radars, with no need to increase the complexity of the transmitter. Results show chirped and Barker-coded pulses at around 10 or 40 GHz in a single setup, without any performance degradation while increasing the carrier frequency. The proposed technique allows the practical realization of compressed pulses for coherent radars over a wide carrier frequency range, allowing the development of software-defined radar systems with improved functionalities.
The selection of cooling fluids for internal combustion engines operating at low temperatures (1955)

Internal combustion engines, in common with all heat engines, derive their capacity for work from a cycle of operations which comprises the supply of heat at a high temperature followed by the rejection of heat at a much lower temperature. The difference between the two quantities of heat represents the maximum amount of energy which can be converted into useful work. In the familiar piston-type internal combustion engine, the heat supply is maintained by burning a suitable fuel in air, and heat is rejected largely in the exhaust gases. With heat engines in general, it is true that the higher the temperature of the heat supply, the greater the efficiency of the engine. There are, however, limitations to the temperature at which an engine can operate. These are imposed by the properties of the materials used in its construction, and by the necessity of maintaining satisfactory lubrication in all circumstances.
Image Plates as One-Dimensional Detectors in High-Resolution X-ray Diffraction (1998)

An image plate has been used as a detector for high-resolution X-ray diffraction of semiconductor heterostructures. A series of 2θ intensity distributions is recorded for different rocking angles ω for the sample and subsequently transformed to a reciprocal-space map. Maps of symmetric and asymmetric reflections of two samples are presented. A reduction in measurement time by a factor of 36 was achieved by recording information simultaneously along 2θ on the image plate compared to conventional measurement with a scintillation counter. Favourable results were obtained with broad reflections from samples with low structural quality and asymmetric reflections in the grazing exit geometry.
The Mode of Action of the <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Vegetative Insecticidal Protein Vip3A Differs from That of Cry1Ab δ-Endotoxin (2003)

The Vip3A protein, secreted by Bacillus spp. during the vegetative stage of growth, represents a new family of insecticidal proteins. In our investigation of the mode of action of Vip3A, the 88-kDa Vip3A full-length toxin (Vip3A-F) was proteolytically activated to an approximately 62-kDa core toxin either by trypsin (Vip3A-T) or lepidopteran gut juice extracts (Vip3A-G). Biotinylated Vip3A-G demonstrated competitive binding to lepidopteran midgut brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). Furthermore, in ligand blotting experiments with BBMV from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (Linnaeus), activated Cry1Ab bound to 120-kDa aminopeptidase N (APN)-like and 250-kDa cadherin-like molecules, whereas Vip3A-G bound to 80-kDa and 100-kDa molecules which are distinct from the known Cry1Ab receptors. In addition, separate blotting experiments with Vip3A-G did not show binding to isolated Cry1A receptors, such as M. sexta APN protein, or a cadherin Cry1Ab ecto-binding domain. In voltage clamping assays with dissected midgut from the susceptible insect, M. sexta, Vip3A-G clearly formed pores, whereas Vip3A-F was incapable of pore formation. In the same assay, Vip3A-G was incapable of forming pores with larvae of the nonsusceptible insect, monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus). In planar lipid bilayers, both Vip3A-G and Vip3A-T formed stable ion channels in the absence of any receptors, supporting pore formation as an inherent property of Vip3A. Both Cry1Ab and Vip3A channels were voltage independent and highly cation selective; however, they differed considerably in their principal conductance state and cation specificity. The mode of action of Vip3A supports its use as a novel insecticidal agent.
A functional SNP in the promoter of the <i>SERPINH1</i> gene increases risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes in African Americans (2006)

Prematurity is more prevalent in African Americans than in European Americans. We investigated the contribution of a functional SNP in the promoter of the SERPINH1 gene, enriched among those of African ancestry, to preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), the leading identifiable cause of preterm birth. SERPINH1 encodes heat-shock protein 47, a chaperone essential for collagen synthesis. The SERPINH1 -656 minor T allele had a greater frequency in African populations and African Americans than in European Americans (7.4% [corrected] vs. 4.1%). The -656 T allele displayed significantly reduced promoter activity compared to the major -656 C allele in amnion fibroblasts, which lay down the fibrillar collagen that gives tensile strength to the amnion. An initial case-control study demonstrated that the -656 T allele is significantly more frequent in African-American neonates (P < 0.0009) born from pregnancies complicated by PPROM compared with controls (odds ratio of 3.22, 95% confidence interval 1.50, 7.22). There was no significant difference in ancestry among cases and controls using a dihybrid model based on 29 ancestry-informative markers. Adjusting the results of the case-control study for admixture still yielded a statistically significant association between the -656 T allele and PPROM (P < 0.002). A follow-up case-control study gave similar results. The combined case-control findings showed a highly significant (P < 0.0000045) association between the -656 T allele and PPROM. The SERPINH1 -656 T allele is the first example of an ancestry-informative marker associated with preterm birth in African Americans.