gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TECHNOLOGY FinFET- Benefits, Drawbacks and Challenges (2013)

FinFET is a promising alternative to conventional MOSFET - which has reached its limits and has too much leakage for too little performance gain. FinFE T is being recommended as the basis for future IC p rocesses because of its power/performance benefits, scalabil ity, superior controls over short channel effects e tc. However, it brings with itself new challenges andundesirable ch aracteristics such as Corner effects, Quantum effec ts, Width quantization, Layout dependencies, additional paras itics etc. This paper discusses the major advantage s, disadvantages and challenges of FinFET technology.
Angiotensinogen Synthesis in the Liver Is Independent of Physiological Estrogen Levels. (1995)

We determined the physiological importance of endogenous estrogen in the regulation of angiotensinogen synthesis in the liver. The plasma levels of angiotensinogen and hepatic levels of angiotensinogen mRNA were studied in the rat in comparison to those of T-kininogen, a plasma protein whose synthesis in the liver is primarily estrogen-dependent. Plasma levels of T-kininogen and hepatic levels of T-kininogen mRNA were 3- and 2-fold higher in adult females, respectively, than in adult males, whereas there were no sex differences in levels of either plasma angiotensinogen or hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA. Ovariectomy in female rats abolished the sex differences in the levels of plasma T-kininogen and hepatic T-kininogen mRNA, but it did not affect those of plasma angiotensinogen and hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA. These results suggest that, in contrast to T-kininogen, angiotensinogen synthesis in the liver is unlikely to be controlled by endogenous levels of estrogen.
An XML based framework for enterprise application integration (2003)

Enterprise applications are increasingly moving towards providing Web access to their users through "thin clients". There is a strong case for their integration using Web-oriented technologies. We bring out the need for a framework for Web-based enterprise application integration and evolves it. The framework provides a very flexible architecture for seamless integration of enterprise applications using available technologies. XML (Extensible Markup Language) is used as a complete solution for EAI. We describe the design of the framework and explains the implementation of a prototype based on the framework.
Long-Term Care In The United States: An Overview (2000)

Although long-term care receives far less U.S. policy attention than health care does, long-term care matters to many Americans of all ages and affects spending by public programs. Problems in the current long-term care system abound, ranging from unmet needs and catastrophic burdens among the impaired population to controversies between state and federal governments about who bears responsibility for meeting them. As the population ages, the pressure to improve the system will grow, raising key policy issues that include the balance between institutional and noninstitutional care, assurance of high-quality care, the integration of acute and long-term care, and financing mechanisms to provide affordable protection.
Development of a Latex Immunoturbidimetric Assay for the Automated Measurement of α<sub>2</sub>Plasmin Inhibitor-Plasmin Complex in Human Plasma (1999)

We have developed a rapid, sensitive, and quantitative latex immunoturbidimetric assay for the measurement of alpha2 plasmin inhibitor-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) in human plasma. The method is based on the latex agglutination reaction using a suitable pair of monoclonal antibodies. One reacts with plasmin and the other reacts with alpha2 plasmin inhibitor. In this assay, we added 6-aminohexanoic acid to the reaction buffer in order to avoid the nonspecific latex agglutination caused by precursor proteins such as plasminogen. We used this method with an automatic analyzer HITACHI 7150 (Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi, Japan) and measured PIC within the range of 0.2 to about 50 mg/mL in only 15 minutes. The precision indices (CV%) of intra-assays and interassays were <4.4% and <3.4%, respectively. The influence of plasminogen or alpha2 plasmin inhibitor on plasma was negligible. Based on these results, it is considered that this method would be useful for evaluation of a broad spectrum of fibrinolytic disorders, particularly disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Identification of molecules involved in the 'early pregnancy factor' phenomenon (1991)

An isolated preparation from ovine placental extracts which was active in the rosette inhibition assay mimicking the activity of the so-called 'early pregnancy factor' (EPF) has been shown to contain a 12 kDa polypeptide which could be partially resolved from low-molecular-weight active moieties. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the polypeptide indicated that it was ovine thioredoxin, an identification confirmed by isolation and complete sequence analysis of the corresponding cDNA. The cDNA for human thioredoxin was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein isolated and purified. Pure recombinant thioredoxin alone did not induce the expression of increased rosette inhibition titres (RITs) when tested in the rosette inhibition assay; but, when tested in combination with cell stimuli such as platelet-activating factor (PAF) or serum, it allowed the expression of increased RITs where none was achieved in its absence. Thioredoxin acted in the assay to reverse a refractory state normally induced by these stimuli, allowing lipoxygenase-dependent moieties also induced by the stimuli to exert their effects, resulting in the expression of increased RITs. Antibodies to recombinant thioredoxin removed from pregnancy sera the capacity to induce increased RITs, i.e. to express EPF activity, thus establishing a role for thioredoxin or thioredoxin-like proteins and associated molecules in the mechanisms which allow pregnancy sera to induce increased RITs. Based on a consideration of these and other results, a new model for the study of the EPF phenomenon is presented and discussed.
Effects of the Progesterone Receptor Modulator VA2914 in a Continuous Low Dose on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis and Endometrium in Normal Women: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2007)

Continuous low-dose VA2914 can induce amenorrhea and inhibit ovulation without down-regulating estradiol levels or inducing endometrial hyperplasia in normal women. Long-term studies with a larger population are required to confirm the contraceptive efficacy of this regimen.
Antigenic conservation of the ureases of spiral- and helical-shaped bacteria colonising the stomachs of man and animals (1989)

A monoclonal antibody, CP11, has been produced which is directed against the ureas of Campylobacter pylori. This antibody has been used to look for antigenic cross-reactivity, in other ureolytic and non-ureolytic campylobacters, by immunohistological techniques. It has also been used to investigate the helical-shaped organisms found in the stomach of the human, monkey and cat (CS1) and the ileum of the rat (ST1). Interestingly the antibody cross-reacted with the gastric helical organisms from the human, monkey and cat but not with the rat helical organism. No cross-reactivity was observed with C. mustelae or the other ureolytic campylobacters, C. nitrofigilis and the urease positive thermophilic campylobacters. These results are discussed in relation to the phylotaxonomy of these organisms.
Neuropharmacological profile of MD 780515, a new reversible inhibitor of type A monoamine oxidase. (1982)

Using several classical screening procedures, MD 780515, 3-[[4-[5-(methoxymethyl)-2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl]phenoxy]methyl]- benzonitrile, was shown to possess potential antidepressant activity consistent with preferential and short-acting inhibition of type A monoamine oxidase. The doses effective in the tests for antidepressant activity were much lower than the lethal doses and were similar to or lower than those for reference drugs. MD 780515 showed some anti-convulsant action but had little effect on spontaneous or conditioned behaviour and was devoid of anticholinergic activity.
<sup>13</sup>C NMR study of 2‐iodoso‐ and 2‐iodoxy‐benzoic acids and their sodium salts (1989)

Abstract The 13 C NMR spectra for selected 2‐iodosobenzoic acids, their sodium salts and the sodium salts of the corresponding iodoxybenzoic acids were measured and carbon assignments made using 2D and NOE experiments and relaxation times. Iodoso and iodoxy groups deshielded the ipso ‐carbon in these compounds by approximately 25 and 55 ppm, respectively, relative to the corresponding iodo compounds. The 13 C NMR spectra of the 2‐iodosobenzoate anions were almost identical with those of the corresponding free acids, both possessing cyclic structures. The iodoxybenzoic acids are either insoluble in, or oxidize, suitable NMR solvents (i.e. DMSO‐ d 6 , DMF‐ d 7 ). The cyclic structure postulated for iodoxybenzoate anions is supported by their 13 C chemical shifts.
Inactivation of Bacteria by the Plasma Pencil (2006)

Abstract Summary: A device capable of generating a relatively long cold plasma plume has recently been developed. The advantages of this device are: plasma controllability and stability, room temperature and atmospheric pressure operation, and low power consumption. These features are what is required from a plasma source to be used reliably in material processing applications, including the biomedical applications. In this communication we describe the device and we present evidence that it can be used successfully to inactivate Escherechia coli in a targeted fashion. More recent experiments have shown that this device inactivates other bacteria also, but these will be reported in the future. Photograph of a He plasma plume launched out of the plasma pencil. magnified image Photograph of a He plasma plume launched out of the plasma pencil.
Infection of Primary Bovine Macrophages with Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Suppresses Host Cell Apoptosis (2012)

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is able to survive intracellularly in macrophages by preventing normal phagosome maturation processes utilized to destroy bacteria. Infected macrophages often undergo apoptotic cell death to efficiently present bacterial antigens to the host adaptive immune system in a process known as efferocytosis. Recent studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) showed that macrophages infected with MTB are less likely to undergo apoptosis than control, uninfected cells. It is proposed that regulation of macrophage apoptosis is an important immune evasion tactic for MTB. Based on the similarity of MAP and MTB, we hypothesized that MAP-infected macrophages would be resistant to apoptosis compared to uninfected cells within the same culture and to cells from uninfected cultures. Our results demonstrate that, indeed, populations of MAP-infected macrophages contain fewer apoptotic cells than similar populations of control cells, and that MAP infection reduces the sensitivity of infected macrophages to induction of apoptosis by H(2)O(2). We further demonstrate that MAP-infected cells contain reduced caspase activity for caspases 3/7, 8, and 9. Reduced caspase activity in MAP-infected macrophages is also maintained after H(2)O(2) induction. This reduction in caspase activity is accompanied by a pronounced reduction in transcription of caspase genes encoding caspases 3, 7, and 8, but not for caspase 9, when compared to control, uninfected cells. Furthermore, MAP infection drastically effects the expression of several host cell proteins important for regulation of apoptosis. Studies using mutant MAP strains demonstrate the importance of bacterial specific factors in the control of host macrophage apoptosis. Together these data demonstrate that MAP specific factors may prevent caspase activity and caspase gene transcription as well as apoptosis signaling protein expression, resulting in decreased spontaneous host cell apoptosis and decreased sensitivity to apoptosis inducing agents.
The Chemistry of Acrylonitrile. I. Cyanoethylation of Active Methylene Groups (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Acrylonitrile. I. Cyanoethylation of Active Methylene GroupsHerman Alexander BrusonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 10, 2457–2461Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01262a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01262a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organic Semiconductors: Rectifying Electrical Noise with an Ionic‐Organic Ratchet (Adv. Mater. 12/2015) (2015)

An ionic-organic ratchet transforms electronic noise into DC current. The image displays a mechanical ratchet mechanism representing the rectifying junction of the electronic device. As described by O. V. Mikhnenko, S. D. Collins, and T.-Q. Nguyen on page 2007, This device delivers large electronic currents that are relevant for energy-harvesting applications including radio-frequency identification tags.
Manganese Peroxidase-Dependent Oxidation of Glyoxylic and Oxalic Acids Synthesized by<i>Ceriporiopsis subvermispora</i>Produces Extracellular Hydrogen Peroxide (1998)

The ligninolytic system of the basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora is composed of manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase. In this work, the source of extracellular hydrogen peroxide required for MnP activity was investigated. Our attention was focused on the possibility that hydrogen peroxide might be generated by MnP itself through the oxidation of organic acids secreted by the fungus. Both oxalate and glyoxylate were found in the extracellular fluid of C. subvermispora cultures grown in chemically defined media, where MnP is also secreted. The in vivo oxidation of oxalate was measured; CO(2) evolution was monitored after addition of exogenous [C]oxalate to cultures at constant specific activity. In standard cultures, evolution of CO(2) from oxalate was maximal at day 6, although the MnP titers were highest at day 12, the oxalate concentration was maximal (2.5 mM) at day 10, and the glyoxylate concentration was maximal (0.24 mM) at day 5. However, in cultures containing low nitrogen levels, in which the pH is more stable, a better correlation between MnP titers and mineralization of oxalate was observed. Both MnP activity and oxidation of [C]oxalate were negligible in cultures lacking Mn(II). In vitro assays confirmed that Mn(II)-dependent oxidation of [C]oxalate by MnP occurs and that this reaction is stimulated by glyoxylate at the concentrations found in cultures. In addition, both organic acids supported phenol red oxidation by MnP without added hydrogen peroxide, and glyoxylate was more reactive than oxalate in this reaction. Based on these results, a model is proposed for the extracellular production of hydrogen peroxide by C. subvermispora.
Bacterial cell attachment, the beginning of a biofilm (2007)

The ability of bacteria to attach to surfaces and develop into a biofilm has been of considerable interest to many groups in numerous industries, including the medical and food industry. However, little is understood in the critical initial step seen in all biofilm development, the initial bacterial cell attachment to a surface. This initial attachment is critical for the formation of a bacterial biofilm, as all other cells within a biofilm structure rely on the interaction between surface and bacterial cell for their survival. This review examines what are believed to be some of the most important aspects involved in bacterial attachment to a surface.
Supramolecular Assembly of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with a Ruthenium(II)−Bipyridine Complex: An in Situ Raman Spectroelectrochemical Study (2009)

Electrochemical n- and p-doping of a supramolecular assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with a heteroleptic Ru(II)−bipyridine complex (coded Z-907Na) was studied by in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry with laser excitation energies of 2.18 and 2.41 eV. Whereas the Raman lines assigned to the nanotube (RBM and G-bands) attenuate their intensities upon both n- and p-doping, the Raman lines assigned to the bipyridine ring vibrations selectively attenuate for the p-doping only. The explanation is based on erasing the resonance enhancement in a doped supramolecular assembly. Whereas the charge transfer localized on the Van Hove singularities is generally amphoteric, the charge transfer localized on the Ru(II)−bipyridine complex is not. The p-doping of the Z-907Na/SWNT assembly at potentials positive to about 0.6 V versus a Ag pseudoreference causes faradaic oxidation of Ru(II) to Ru(III), but there is no mirror effect [reduction of Ru(II)] upon n-doping at the used potentials. Ru(II)/Ru(III) oxidation manifests itself by selective bleaching of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer transition (from the t2gd orbitals at Ru(II) to the π* orbitals at bipyridine), which is also involved in the Raman resonance enhancement. To address various tube-related transitions (E11, E22, and E33), this effect was demonstrated for supramolecular assemblies made from two kinds of nanotubes, namely, CoMoCat and those grown from laser ablation.
Cannabinoid Receptor Activation Induces Apoptosis through Tumor Necrosis Factor α–Mediated Ceramide <i>De novo</i> Synthesis in Colon Cancer Cells (2008)

The present study shows that either CB1 or CB2 receptor activation induces apoptosis through ceramide de novo synthesis in colon cancer cells. Our data unveiled, for the first time, that TNF-alpha acts as a link between cannabinoid receptor activation and ceramide production.
WAVESHRINK WITH FIRM SHRINKAGE (1997)

Abstract: Donoho and Johnstone’s (1994) WaveShrink procedure has proven valu-able for signal de-noising and non-parametric regression. WaveShrink has very broad asymptotic near-optimality properties. In this paper, we introduce a new shrinkage scheme, firm, which generalizes the hard and soft shrinkage proposed by Donoho and Johnstone (1994). We derive minimax thresholds and provide for-mulas for computing the pointwise variance, bias, and risk for WaveShrink with firm shrinkage. We study the properties of the shrinkage functions, and demon-strate that firm shrinkage offers advantages over both hard shrinkage (uniformly smaller risk and less sensitivity to small perturbations in the data) and soft shrink-age (smaller bias and overall L2 risk). Software is provided to reproduce all results in this paper. Key words and phrases: Bias estimation, firm shrinkage, minimax thresholds, non-parametric regression, signal de-noising, trend estimation, variance estimation, wavelet transform, WaveShrink. 1.
DEVELOPMENT OF HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP SIMULATION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC POWER STEERING CONTROLLER TESTING (2015)

The Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of an Electric Power Steering (EPS) system is a core device to decide how much assistance an electric motor applies on steering wheel. EPS ECUs play an important role in EPS systems. The effectiveness of EPS ECUs needs to be thoroughly tested before mass production. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation provides an efficient way for the development and testing of embedded controllers. This report focuses on the development of HIL system for testing EPS controllers. The hardware of the HIL system employs a dSPACE HIL simulator. The EPS plant model is an integrated model consisting of Vehicle Dynamics model of the dSPACE Automotive Simulation Model (ASM) and the Nexteer model. The report presents the design of EPS HIL system, the simulation of sensors and actuators, the functions of ASM Vehicle Dynamics model, and the integration method of ASM Vehicle Dynamics model with Nexteer model. The offline simulation of the integrated model is performed and the results for different driving maneuvers are presented. The real-time HIL testing will be conducted in the future to examine the performance of an entire HIL system.
Topoisomerase III, but not topoisomerase I, can support nascent chain elongation during theta-type DNA replication. (1994)

Topoisomerase III, but not topoisomerase I, could, in the absence of DNA gyrase, support bidirectional DNA replication in an oriC plasmid DNA replication system reconstituted with purified proteins. The initial rate of DNA synthesis and the efficiency of nascent chain elongation showed that topoisomerase III-stimulated DNA replication was as efficient as gyrase-stimulated DNA replication. In addition, topoisomerase III was also able, in the absence of DNA gyrase, to decatenate the replicating daughter DNA molecules to form monomer product. Thus, of the four topoisomerases in Escherichia coli, three, topoisomerases III and IV and DNA gyrase, can support nascent chain elongation, whereas only two, topoisomerases III and IV, can topologically resolve the daughter molecules.
Integrating cavity absorption meter (1992)

Scattering effects have always been an important systematic problem in absorption measurements. A new integrating cavity absorption meter has been developed that, in principle, is rigorously independent of scattering effects. The theoretical basis for this integrating cavity device is developed and applied to a generic experimental device: a one-dimensional model is described that demonstrates qualitatively the observed deviations from ideal; details of an actual device are provided; and experimental results for the absorption coefficient of aqueous solutions with various absorptions and with various concentrations of scatterers are presented.
Plate‐out in PVC extrusion. I. Analysis of plate‐out (2008)

Abstract Samples of extruder plate‐out from industrial rigid PVC production lines were investigated by using a number of analytical techniques. The combined use of SEM‐EDX (scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive X‐ray analysis), thermal analysis, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry), and LIMA (laser‐induced mass analysis) enabled most plate‐out components to be identified and linked to likely formulation ingredients. The FTIR and thermal analyses were used to identify organic components. The FTIR analysis was also useful for identifying some inorganic compounds present in sufficient quantities, while EDX detected the elements present. The LIMA was the most sensitive technique, detecting trace quantities of both cations and anions. Calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and lead stabilizers were found in all die plate‐out samples studied, together with small amounts of lubricants. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.