gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning of a locus involved in Streptococcus mutans intracellular polysaccharide accumulation and virulence testing of an intracellular polysaccharide-deficient mutant (1992)

The streptococcal transposon Tn916 (Tcr) was used to isolate mutants of Streptococcus mutans altered in glycogen accumulation to investigate whether glycogenlike intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) play an important role in S. mutans-induced caries formation. S. mutans UA130 (serotype c) was transformed with the Escherichia coli plasmid pAM620 (Tn916), and the resultant transposon libraries were screened for glycogen content by iodine staining. A transposon mutant, designated SMS201, demonstrated a glycogen-deficient phenotype on glucose-enriched medium. Quantitative electron microscopy confirmed that IPS concentrations were significantly reduced in SMS201 relative to the wild-type progenitor strain, UA130. Importantly, reversion to wild type correlated at all times with loss of the transposon. Transposon excisants were used to facilitate cloning of the streptococcal gene(s) involved in glycogen biosynthesis and storage. A 2.1-kb chromosomal determinant (glgR) which encodes a putative regulator of S. mutans glycogen accumulation was isolated. A stable deletion mutation (delta glgR) was subsequently generated in E. coli and introduced into S. mutans by allelic exchange. The resultant glycogen synthesis-deficient mutant, SMS203, demonstrated a significantly reduced cariogenic potential (P less than 0.01) on the buccal, sulcal, and proximal surfaces of teeth in germfree rats, relative to animals challenged with the glycogen synthesis-proficient progenitor strain, UA130. These observations confirm previous reports (J. M. Tanzer, M. L. Freedman, F. N. Woodiel, R. L. Eifert, and L. A. Rinehimer, p. 597-616, in H. M. Stiles, W. J. Loesche, and T. L. O'Brien, ed., Proceedings in Microbiology. Aspects of Dental Caries. Special Supplement to Microbiology Abstracts, vol. 3, 1976) which implicate IPS as significant contributors to the S. mutans cariogenic process.
Image Processing Techniques for Detecting and Classification of Leaf Diseases (2021)

Plants are the way to make a living. From the factors of our daily life to breathing we are totally dependent on plants. Therefore, plant care must be proper. Plant diseases involve, of instance, algae, bacteria, and viruses. Several researchers have to classify plant diseases but it is time consuming to manually identify them. Image processing techniques are used to detect various diseases of the plant. There are several steps to this viz. Input image, preprocessing images and extracting features, and classifying them on different bases. This uses other techniques of classification such as K Nearest Neighbor classification, k-means classification, neural networks, vector support, artificial neural system, and fuzzy logic. It is difficult to select the best classification system because the quality of the analysis will differ from the supported input script. This article focuses on various image processing techniques alongside different classification methods used for diagnosis of plant diseases.
An Improved User Selection Algorithm in Multiuser MIMO Broadcast with Channel Prediction (2009)

In multiuser MIMO-BC (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Broadcasting) systems, user selection is important to achieve multiuser diversity. The optimal user selection algorithm is to try all the combinations of users to find the user group that can achieve the multiuser diversity. Unfortunately, the high calculation cost of the optimal algorithm prevents its implementation. Thus, instead of the optimal algorithm, some suboptimal user selection algorithms were proposed based on semiorthogonality of user channel vectors. The purpose of this paper is to achieve multiuser diversity with a small amount of calculation. For this purpose, we propose a user selection algorithm that can improve the orthogonality of a selected user group. We also apply a channel prediction technique to a MIMO-BC system to get more accurate channel information at the transmitter. Simulation results show that the channel prediction can improve the accuracy of channel information for user selections, and the proposed user selection algorithm achieves higher sum rate capacity than the SUS (Semiorthogonal User Selection) algorithm. Also we discuss the setting of the algorithm threshold. As the result of a discussion on the calculation complexity, which uses the number of complex multiplications as the parameter, the proposed algorithm is shown to have a calculation complexity almost equal to that of the SUS algorithm, and they are much lower than that of the optimal user selection algorithm.
An 8-MHz CMOS subranging 8-bit A/D converter (1985)

A 8-bit subranging converter (ADC) has been realized in a 3-/spl mu/m silicon gate, double-polysilicon capacitor CMOS process. The ADC uses 31 comparators and is capable of conversion rates to 8 MHz at V/SUB DD/=5 V. Die size is 3.2/spl times/2.2 mm/SUP 2/.
A 1-5 GHz low-power single-chip receiver IC for optical video distribution system (2002)

A 1-5 GHz low-power single-chip receiver IC has been developed for an optical video signal distribution system. A preamplifier and delay-line type FM demodulator are integrated on to a single-chip using 0.5 /spl mu/m Si-bipolar technology. Using this IC, 80 carriers of 64-QAM digital video signals can be successfully transmitted with bit error rates less than 1/spl times/10/sup -10/. This IC operates with low power consumption of 0.7 W, which is one of the lowest power consumption figures ever reported for such a device.
{sup 142,144}Nd(n,{gamma}) cross sections for astrophysical s-process studies (1995)

Refined stellar models provide a promising tool for studies of the synthesis of heavy elements in the stellar plasma of Red Giant Stars. These models require more accurate (n,y) cross sections in a lower temperature range (kT=12 keV){sup 3}. We have recently completed measurements of the.... Nd(n,{gamma}) cross sections from approximately 20 eV to 100 keV. With them data we should be able to check the possible branching in the s-process path at {sup 141}Ce. Accurate (n,{gamma}) cross sections would help to determine the r- and p-process residuals of then isotopes and to resolve the puzzle of the recently discovered isotopic anomalies in silicon carbide grains from the Murchison meteoritd. The (n{gamma}) cross sections should result in a much more accurate determination of the astrophysical reaction rates near kT=12 keV. The measurements were performed at the Oak Ridge Election Linear Accelerator (ORELA) using a recently improved C6D6 detector apparatus and a new 4{pi} BaF{sub 2}-detector system. We will describe the experimental set up and report on the results and their consequences for the s-process nucleosynthesis models.
Zinc‐Oxynitride TFTs: Toward a New High‐Mobility Low‐Cost Thin‐Film Semiconductor (2013)

Demands for high‐performance, low‐cost, and low‐energy‐consumption displays continue to drive the development of new semiconductor materials. The success of the metal‐oxide semiconductor IGZO for display backplanes has triggered even more activity, and zinc oxynitride is proposed as a possible solution.
SOLO: a generator of efficient layouts from optimized MOS circuit schematics (1988)

This paper describes SOLO, a program for mapping arbitrary MOS circuit schematics into efficient corresponding layouts. SOLO employs a layout strategy which allows it to be applied to circuits with sized transistors as well as to circuits which include unequal numbers of n-MOS and p-MOS transistors. The program can effectively be applied to module-size circuits including up to roughly 200 transistors.
Social isolation stress-induced aggression in mice: A model to study the pharmacology of neurosteroidogenesis (2005)

Long-term social isolation of laboratory animals is a model to study the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of the absence of social interaction in rodents. Many of the symptoms induced by isolation resemble depression and anxiety disorder symptomatology. Our studies have revealed that male mice socially isolated for more than 4 weeks, exhibit increased aggressiveness, a reduced responsiveness to GABA(A) receptor acting drugs, and a downregulation of brain levels of 3alpha,5alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone (allopregnanolone: 3alpha,5alpha-THP), a neurosteroid endowed with potent positive allosteric modulatory activity of the action of GABA at various GABA(A) receptor subtypes. This downregulation of 3alpha,5alpha-THP appeared to be associated with the reduction of brain type I 5alpha-reductase mRNA and protein expression. Systemic administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine normalized brain 3alpha,5alpha-THP content and reduced responsiveness to GABA(A) mimetic drugs in a stereospecific manner. These drugs in nanomolar doses also reduced social isolation-induced aggressiveness with the same stereospecificity as detected in their action on 3alpha,5alpha-THP brain content, while their ex vivo inhibition of serotonin reuptake occurred at high micromolar doses and lacked stereospecificity. From these results we infer that the brain 3alpha,5alpha-THP content physiologically upregulates GABA(A) receptor responsiveness to GABA and that social isolation induces a reduction of brain 3alpha,5alpha-THP content that is probably causally related to the onset of aggression.
Characterizing Obfuscated JavaScript Using Abstract Syntax Trees: Experimenting with Malicious Scripts (2012)

Obfuscation, code transformations that make the code unintelligible, is still an issue for web malware analysts and is still a weapon of choice for attackers. Worse, some researchers have arbitrarily decided to consider obfuscated contents as malicious although it has been proven wrong. Yet, we can assume than some web attack kits only feature a fraction of existing obfuscating transformations which may make it easy to detect malicious scripting contents. However, because of the undecidability on obfuscated contents, we propose to survey, classify and design deobfuscation methods for each obfuscating transformation. In this paper, we apply abstract syntax tree (AST) based methods to characterize obfuscating transformations found in malicious JavaScript samples. We are able to classify similar obfuscated codes based on AST fingerprints regardless of the original attack code. We are also able to quickly detect these obfuscating transformations by matching these in an analyzed sample's AST using a pushdown automaton (PDA). The PDA accepts a set of sub trees representing obfuscating transformations previously learned. Such quick and lightweight sub tree matching algorithm has the potential to detect obfuscated pieces of code in a script, to be later extracted for deobfuscation.
β-Arrestin-2 mediates the proinflammatory effects of proteinase-activated receptor-2 in the airway (2012)

Proteinase-Activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)), a G-protein-coupled Receptor, activated by serine proteinases, is reported to have both protective and proinflammatory effects in the airway. Given these opposing actions, both inhibitors and activators of PAR(2) have been proposed for treating asthma. PAR(2) can signal through two independent pathways: a β-arrestin-dependent one that promotes leukocyte migration, and a G-protein/Ca(2+) one that is required for prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production and bronchiolar smooth muscle relaxation. We hypothesized that the proinflammatory responses to PAR(2) activation are mediated by β-arrestins, whereas the protective effects are not. Using a mouse ovalbumin model for PAR(2)-modulated airway inflammation, we observed decreased leukocyte recruitment, cytokine production, and mucin production in β-arrestin-2(-/-) mice. In contrast, PAR(2)-mediated PGE(2) production, smooth muscle relaxation, and decreased baseline airway resistance (measures of putative PAR(2) "protective" effects) were independent of β-arrestin-2. Flow cytometry and cytospins reveal that lung eosinophil and CD4 T-cell infiltration, and production of IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, and TNFα, were enhanced in wild-type but not β-arrestin-2(-/-) mice. Using the forced oscillation technique to measure airway resistance reveals that PAR(2) activation protects against airway hyperresponsiveness by an unknown mechanism, possibly involving smooth muscle relaxation. Our data suggest that the PAR(2)-enhanced inflammatory process is β-arrestin-2 dependent, whereas the protective anticonstrictor effect of bronchial epithelial PAR(2) may be β-arrestin independent.
Blind Adaptive Equalization of Mismatch Errors in a Time-Interleaved A/D Converter System (2004)

To significantly increase the sampling rate of an A/D converter (ADC), a time-interleaved ADC system is a good option. The drawback of a time-interleaved ADC system is that the ADCs are not exactly identical due to errors in the manufacturing process. This means that time, gain, and offset mismatch errors are introduced in the ADC system. These errors cause distortion in the sampled signal. In this paper, we present a method for estimation and compensation of the mismatch errors. The estimation method requires no knowledge about the input signal except that it should be bandlimited to the Nyquist frequency for the complete ADC system. This means that the errors can be estimated while the ADC is running. The method is also adaptive to slow changes in the mismatch errors. The estimation method has been validated with simulations and measurements from a time-interleaved ADC system.
Reversible Ion Transportation Switch by a Ligand-Gated Synthetic Supramolecular Ion Channel (2014)

Inspired by the regulation of cellular activities found in the ion channel proteins, here we developed membrane-embedded synthetic chiral receptors 1 and 2 with different terminal structures, where receptor 1 has hydrophobic triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) groups and receptor 2 has hydrophilic hydroxy groups. The receptors have ligand-binding units that interact with cationic amphiphiles such as 2-phenethylamine (PA). Conductance study revealed that the receptors hardly show ion transportation at the ligand-free state. After ligand binding involving a conformational change, receptor 1 bearing TIPS termini displays a significant current enhancement due to ion transportation. The current substantially diminishes upon addition of β-cyclodextrin (βCD) that scavenges the ligand from the receptor. Importantly, the receptor again turns into the conductive state by the second addition of PA, and the activation/deactivation of the ion transportation can be repeated. In contrast, receptor 2 bearing the hydroxy terminal groups hardly exhibits ion transportation, suggesting the importance of terminal TIPS groups of 1 that likely anchor the receptor in the membrane.
Botched Releases: Do We Need to Roll Back? Empirical Study on a Commercial Web App (2016)

Few minutes after a web-based software release, the release team might encounter log traces showing the new system crashing, hanging, or having poor performance. This is the start of the most nerve-wrecking moments of a product's release cycle, i.e., should one run the risk of not doing anything and users losing precious data, or of prematurely engaging the tedious (and costly) roll-back procedure towards the previous release? Thus far, only little attention has been paid by researchers to these so-called "botched releases", partly because of lack of release log data. This paper studies 345 releases of a large e-commerce web app over a period of 1.5 years, in which we identified 17 recurrent root causes of botched releases, classified into four major categories. We then build explanatory models to understand which root causes are the most important, and to explore the factors leading to botched releases.
Preparation of Heterocycles by Use of Hexafluoropropene (1973)

o-ジアミノ-および アミノヒドロキシ-ベンゼン,またはL2-ジアミノ-,1-アミノ-2-ヒドロキシ-および,8-ジアミノ-ナフタレンとヘキサフルオプロペンとをDMF中で反応させ,それぞれ2-(α,β,β.β)ラフルオエチル-ベンゾイミダゾ-ル[1],ベンゾオキサゾール[2].ナフトイミダゾール3.ナフトオキサゾール[4]および-ペリミジン[5]得られた。また。-アミノベンジルアミンからは同様な方法で六員ヘテロ環化合物2-α.β,β.β-テトラフルオロエチルジヒドロキナゾリン[6]ぶ得られた。これに eアミノチオフェノ-ルからはベンゾチアゾ-ル化合物は得られず.0-アミノフェニル=ヘキサフルオロプロピル=スルフィド[7]tB- ヘキサフルナロプロペンに対する求核性の強さはAfS->AtNHg>ArO-であり.ヘテロ環形成のためにはヘキサフルオロプロペン アミノ基と反応して,中間に反応牲の高い-NtcF-詰合をもつ化合物を隆由することが必要であることがわかった。
Performance of Ejectors As a Function of the Molecular Weights of Vapors (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPerformance of Ejectors As a Function of the Molecular Weights of VaporsLincoln T. Work and Vincent W. HaedrichCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1939, 31, 4, 464–477Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1939https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50352a015Request reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts
FAR INFRARED MAGNETO-ABSORPTION STUDY OF BARRIER IMPURITIES AND SCREENING IN GaAs/AlGaAs MULTIPLE QUANTUM WELLS (1987)

Far infrared magneto-absorption experiments have been performed at 4.2K on MBE-grown GaAs/AlGaAs MQW heterostructures that were selectively doped with Si donors in the centers of the quantum wells and barrier layers. Data were obtained for several values of dopant concentration in the barriers in order to study in detail the binding of electrons in the quantum wells to positively charged ions in the barriers and the effects of the screening of the Coulomb interaction by free carriers. The results are compared with recent calculations.
Automated test generation for improved protocol testing (2002)

To enhance the overall quality of its network protocol testing process, Bellcore has developed TACIT, a toolkit for automated conformance and interoperability testing based on a formal and automated approach to test script generation. We first give a technical description of TACIT in which the different steps of the automated test script generation method are outlined, such as protocol specification and compilation, generic test script generation and executable test script encoding. We then relate how TACIT was experimentally used for testing of ISDN primary rate interface protocol. The results of this experiment are finally assessed and compared to the current script generation approach used at Bellcore.
Onco-Neural Antigen: A New Neural Differentiation Antigen Expressed by Neuroblastoma, Oat Cell Carcinoma, Wilms' Tumor, and Sarcoma Cells (1979)

Abstract This investigation defined a new neural differentiation antigen that is expressed by a number of tumors derived from neuroectoderm and surprisingly by some derived from mesoderm. Heteroantisera were prepared by immunizing rabbits with cultured human neuroblastoma cells followed by extensive absorption with nine different types of normal non-neural tissues and cells; sera were evaluated with cultured cells and radioiodinated staphylococcal protein A to detect binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens (CSA). One antiserum that was raised against LA-N-1 neuroblastoma cells was analyzed in detail. It reacted well with seven neuroblastoma cell lines including LA-N-1; it also reacted, but to a lesser degree, with medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma cell lines. Seventeen additional cell lines and noncultured acute leukemia cells were minimally reactive or nonreactive with the serum. Absorption of the serum with homogenates of adult brain or adrenal reduced its binding to neuroblastoma cells more than 80%. Greater than 65% of the reactivity with LA-N-1 neuroblastoma cells also was absorbed by homogenates of 10 of 10 neuroblastomas, seven of seven Wilms' tumors, five of eight sarcomas, two of three oat cell carcinomas, and one of six melanomas. Eight other types of malignancies did not remove significant activity compared to control non-neural normal tissue absorbents. Sequential absorption with adult brain or adrenal followed by the positive tumors demonstrated that both normal and tumor cells expressed the same antigen. We term the neural differentiation antigen(s) that is expressed by tumors derived from neuroectoderm and mesoderm an onco-neural antigen (ONA).
Radiation chemistry of polyethylene. XIV. Allyl radical decay kinetics in different types of polyethylene (1978)

Abstract The decay kinetics of the chain allyl free radical has been studied in the following morphological forms of polyethylene (PE): Marlex bulk film, hydrogenated PE, and extended‐chain PE. Coupled with previous work on single‐crystalline PE it can be seen that the decay rate is greater the more amorphous the sample. In the Marlex bulk film and hydrogenated PE the decay can be interpreted in terms of a simultaneous fast and slow decay process by means of our Q ‐function equation, but with rising temperature the decay approximates a single rate process. With extended‐chain PE the allyl decay rate does not become appreciable until the melting range is approached. The fraction of allyl radicals decaying by the slow process is 2 to 10 times greater than the fraction of fast decaying radicals. The ratio of the fast decay rate constant to that of the slow rate constant is greater for the bulk Marlex film than for the hydrogenated PE. All ratios decrease with rising temperature. For times up to about 150 min the allyl decay in the extended‐chain PE accurately follows a single second‐order decay law with a time‐independent diffusion controlled reaction rate constant.
Monitoring Air Sparging Using Resistivity Tomography (1996)

Abstract Air sparging is a relatively new technique for the remediation of ground water contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. In this technique, air is injected below the water table, beneath the contaminated soil. Remediation occurs by a combination of contaminant partitioning into the vapor phase and enhanced biodegradation. The air is usually removed by vacuum extraction in the vadose zone. The efficiency of remediation from air sparging is a function of the air flow pattern, although the distribution of the injected air is still poorly understood. Cross‐borehole resistivity surveys were performed at a former service station in Florence, Oregon, to address this unknown. The resistivity measurements were made using six wells, one of which was the sparge well. Data were collected over a two‐week period during and after several air injections, or sparge events. Resistivity images were calculated between wells using an algorithm that assumes axially symmetric structures. The movement of the injected air through time was defined by regions of large increases in resistivity, greater than 100 percent from the background. During early sparge times, air moved outward and upward from the injection point as it ascended to the unsaturated zone. At later sparge times, the air flow reached a somewhat stable cone‐shaped pattern radiating out and up from the injection point. Two days after sparging was discontinued, a residue of entrained air remained in the saturated zone, as indicated by a zone of 60 to 80 percent water saturation.