gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a shallow water icing model in FENSAP-ICE (1999)

As part of a modern comprehensive in-flight icing simulation code (FENSAP-ICE), a new thermodynamic model for ice accretion is developed (the Shallow-Water Icing Model or SWIM). SWIM is based on a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) and thus is thought to be superior to a control volume (no PDE) approach used in current icing codes. Flexibility in the physical modeling and flexibility in numerical algorithm selection make SWIM an attractive icing model. The complete model, numerical algorithms used, and results are presented
A formal foundation for object-oriented software evolution (2002)

My PhD thesis claims that the principles behind object-oriented software evolution are independent of a particular domain or phase in the software lifecycle. To validate this claim, a formalism based on graphs and graph rewriting was developed and applied to a particular aspect of software evolution, namely the problem of software upgrading and software merging. When the same piece of software is modified in parallel by different software developers, unexpected inconsistencies can arise. Formal support can be provided to detect and resolve these inconsistencies in a general way.
Plasma cytokine levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a preliminary study (2003)

The levels of some pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta], were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in the plasma of patients affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) at 22:00 hours before polysomnographic recording and immediately after the first obstructive apnea causing an SaO2 below 85%. Significantly higher levels of TNF-alpha were found in OSAS patients assessed before polysomnography compared with the control group (P < 0.01). A slight but significant increase in the plasma levels of IL-6 was also present (P < 0.05). Conversely, a significant decrease in the plasma levels of IL-10 was evident at baseline in OSAS patients (P < 0.04). No significant difference emerged between the mean values of IL-1alpha and TGF-beta between OSAS patients and controls. The present data support a prevailing activation of the Th1-type cytokine pattern in OSAS patients, which is not associated with the severity and duration of OSAS. This can have important consequences for the outcome of OSAS patients, especially with regard to the increased risk for developing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Immediately after the first obstructive apnea causing an SaO2 <85%, a significant variation was observed in the plasma levels of TNF-alpha in OSAS patients compared with those measured before the beginning of polysomnographic recording (P < 0.001). The role played by this further increase in TNF-alpha levels after the obstructive apnea in OSAS patients remains to be established in the light of the pathogenic mechanisms of this sleep disorder.
Low-loss optical-fibre connection systems (1979)

A new principle for preparing inexpensive high-accuracy plugs in the field using a precise reference-shape fixture is described. These plugs can be used to make optical-connection systems such as fibre-to-fibre connectors, distribution frames and multifibre connections with losses between 0.1 and 0.5 dB.
A novel concept for low drift chemical sensing at micro and nano-scale (2010)

It is the purpose of this paper to present a novel generic concept for low drift chemical sensing which is applicable at micro and nanometer scale, based on a new, all-differential approach. At micrometer level, our principle is explained by means of surface acoustic wave (SAW) chemical sensing, while at nano level, we are using the resonant sensing principle to develop our genuine differential concept. Unlike the traditional differential approaches based on functionalized sensing layer in the sensing loop, and on a uncoated surface in the reference loop, our all differential concept provides a better response subtraction between the two paths, as the sensing loop consists of a functionalized sensing layer, as before, but, the reference loop consists of a functionalized non-sensing layer, with the same ageing and humidity behavior as the sensing layer. Twinned electronic reading is used for both loops, and thus all the common mode signals are subtracted in the differential reading, assuring the minimum base line drift of the sensor. Preliminary results of all differential sensor response to humidity and temperature variations are shown for the SAW sensors, with the sensor signal kept independent of their changes.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF CRYOGENIC CELLS (2002)

Soft X-ray microscopy has resolved 30 nm structures in biological cells. To protect the cells from radiation damage caused by X-rays, imaging of the samples has to be performed at cryogenic temperatures, which makes it possible to take multiple images of a single cell. Due to the small numerical aperture of zone plates, X-ray objectives have a depth of focus on the order of several microns. By treating the X-ray microscopic images as projections of the sample absorption, computed tomography (CT) can be performed. Since cryogenic biological samples are resistant to radiation damage, it is possible to reconstruct frozen-hydrated cells imaged with a full-field X-ray microscope. This approach is used to obtain three-dimensional information about the location of specific proteins in cells. To localize proteins in cells, immunolabeling with strongly X-ray absorbing nanoparticles was performed. With the new tomography setup developed for the X-ray microscope XM-1 installed at the ALS, we have performed tomography of immunolabeled frozen-hydrated cells to detect protein distributions inside of cells. As a first example, the distribution of the nuclear protein male-specific lethal 1 (MSL-1) in the Drosophila melanogaster cell was studied.
EWS-FLI1, EWS-ERG, and EWS-ETV1 oncoproteins of Ewing tumor family all suppress transcription of transforming growth factor beta type II receptor gene. (2000)

Ewing sarcoma-specific chromosomal translocations fuse the EWS gene to a subset of ets transcription factor family members, most commonly the FLI1 gene and less frequently ERG, ETV1, E1A-F, or FEV. These fusion proteins are thought to act as aberrant transcription factors that bind DNA through their ets DNA binding domain. Recently, we have shown (K-B. Hahm et al., Nat. Genet., 23: 222-227, 1999) that the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor (TGF-beta RII), a putative tumor suppressor gene, is a target of the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein. Here, we also examined effects of EWS-ETV1 and EWS-ERG on expression of the TGF-beta RII gene. We show that relative to the control, NIH-3T3 cell lines stably transfected with the EWS-FLI1, EWS-ERG, or EWS-ETV1 gene fusion express reduced levels of TGF-beta RII mRNA and protein, and that these cell lines have reduced TGF-beta sensitivity. Cotransfection of these fusion genes and the TGF-beta RII promoter suppresses TGF-beta RII promoter activity and also FLI1-, ERG-, or ETV1-induced promoter activity. These results indicate that transcriptional repression of TGF-beta RII is an important target of the EWS-FLI1, EWS-ERG, or EWS-ETV1 oncogene, and that EWS-ets fusion proteins may function as dominant negative forms of ets transcription factors.
Architectural Support for Fair Reader-Writer Locking (2010)

Many shared-memory parallel systems use lock-based synchronization mechanisms to provide mutual exclusion or reader-writer access to memory locations. Software locks are inefficient either in memory usage, lock transfer time, or both. Proposed hardware locking mechanisms are either too specific (for example, requiring static assignment of threads to cores and vice-versa), support a limited number of concurrent locks, require tag values to be associated with every memory location, rely on the low latencies of single-chip multicore designs or are slow in adversarial cases such as suspended threads in a lock queue. Additionally, few proposals cover reader-writer locks and their associated fairness issues. In this paper we introduce the Lock Control Unit (LCU) which is an acceleration mechanism collocated with each core to explicitly handle fast reader-writer locking. By associating a unique thread-id to each lock request we decouple the hardware lock from the requestor core. This provides correct and efficient execution in the presence of thread migration. By making the LCU logic autonomous from the core, it seamlessly handles thread preemption. Our design offers richer semantics than previous proposals, such as try lock support while providing direct core-to-core transfers. We evaluate our proposal with micro benchmarks, a fine-grain Software Transactional Memory system and programs from the Parsec and Splash parallel benchmark suites. The lock transfer time decreases in up to 30% when compared to previous hardware proposals. Transactional Memory systems limited by reader-locking congestion boost up to 3x while still preserving graceful fairness and starvation freedom properties. Finally, commonly used applications achieve speedups up to a 7% when compared to software models.
Demethylation of Cotinine in Vivo<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDemethylation of Cotinine in Vivo1Herbert McKennis Jr., Lennox B. Turnbull, Edward R. Bowman, and Einosuke WadaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 15, 3951–3954Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01524a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01524a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neural network optimization for<i>E.coli</i>promoter prediction (1991)

Methods for optimizing the prediction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase promoter sequences by neural networks are presented. A neural network was trained on a set of 80 known promoter sequences combined with different numbers of random sequences. The conserved -10 region and -35 region of the promoter sequences and a combination of these regions were used in three independent training sets. The prediction accuracy of the resulting weight matrix was tested against a separate set of 30 known promoter sequences and 1500 random sequences. The effects of the network's topology, the extent of training, the number of random sequences in the training set and the effects of different data representations were examined and optimized. Accuracies of 100% on the promoter test set and 98.4% on the random test set were achieved with the optimal parameters.
Tunneling microscope for operation in air or fluids (1986)

A tunneling microscope that is a hybrid between IBM Zurich designs and squeezable tunnel junctions has been operated in air, oil, and liquid nitrogen. Key design goals were (1) maximum rigidity and (2) minimum thermal drift. Images of individual atoms in a close packed layer have been obtained under liquid nitrogen.
Flow Cytometric Enumeration of Bacteria Using TO-PRO®-3 Iodide as a Single-Stain Viability Dye (2014)

Quantification of bacteria using conventional viable plate counting (VPC) is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Flow cytometry (FCM) can be proposed as a faster alternative. This study aimed to develop a flow cytometric, single-stain approach using TO-PRO®-3 iodide (TP3) for the quantification of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis cells. Live or dead bacterial suspensions were stained with TP3 and analyzed using a FACSCalibur flow cytometer. After optimization of staining parameters and instrument settings, an excellent separation of viable and dead cells was achieved for all species. The quantitative performance of the technique was assessed by analyzing serial dilutions of bacterial suspensions using FCM and VPC. A highly linear correlation (r2 > 0.99) was observed between the colony forming units (CFU)/mL as determined by FCM and by VPC over a concentration range of about 104 to 108 CFU/mL. As such, FCM quantification of viable bacteria using TP3 can be considered as an accurate and reliable alternative for VPC. The monostain procedure is easy to apply and cost-effective, and it allows bacterial enumeration in a broad variety of samples.
Biology and mechanisms of action of synergistically stimulated myeloid progenitor cell proliferation and suppression by chemokines (1997)

A number of cytokines can act together to stimulate/enhance the proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in a greater than additive fashion. An example of this is the combination of a colony-stimulating factor with a potent costimulating molecule such as steel factor. Certain members of the chemokine family of cytokines can suppress this synergistically enhanced proliferation. This review focuses on cytokines involved in these stimulating/enhancing/suppressing effects with regard to biological activity and what is beginning to be learned about the intracellular signal transduction events that may be mediating these effects. Examples of intracellular mediators involved include, but are not limited to, the Raf-1/ MAP kinase pathway and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21cip-1 and p27kip-1 for cell proliferation, and eukaryotic initiation factor-4E and 4E binding protein 1 for protein synthesis.
Synthesis of chimeric mouse nerve growth factor precursor and human β‐nerve growth factor in <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Immunological properties (1989)

The complete mouse prepro-nerve growth factor (NGF) DNA was fused to the carboxyl terminus of the beta-galactosidase (lac-z) gene of Escherichia coli. Similarly, a genomic fragment encoding the human NGF comprising codons 11 to 106 (from a total of 118) was fused to the fifth codon of the amino terminus of beta-galactosidase. Both bacterial vectors produce high amounts of the chimeric proteins. After cell lysis most of the chimeric mouse preproNGF protein is insoluble and appears in the pellet, whereas the majority of the chimeric human beta-NGF remains in the supernatant. Purification of the fusion proteins from the soluble fraction was achieved by affinity chromatography to p-aminophenyl beta-D-thio-galactoside Sepharose. Yields of the purified chimeric proteins were increased threefold to fourfold by the addition of protease inhibitors in the lysis and chromatography buffers. Their antigenic similarity to the preproNGF and mouse beta-NGF was examined by their interaction to sera raised against synthetic peptides which reproduce sequences of the precursor protein and to sera directed against native and denatured mouse beta-NGF using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Antibodies to the peptide N2 (-163 to -139) interacted with high affinity with the chimeric mouse preproNGF protein. Antisera to native and denatured mouse beta-NGF interacted with both chimeric proteins but with a variable degree of affinity. These results provide direct evidence that certain antisera to mouse beta-NGF can cross-react with the human beta-NGF molecule.
Some aspects of the chemistry of pyrimido[1,2‐<i>B</i>]pyridazinones (1988)

Abstract On reacting the 3‐aminopyridazines 1a,d,e with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD), the pyrimido[1,2‐ b ]pyridazin‐2‐(2 H )‐ones 2e‐g , whereas starting from 1f , the 4(4 H )‐ones 5a and 3b,d were prepared. In the 2(2 H )‐one series, the reactions of 2b with various amino compounds resulted in various types of products. The reaction of N ‐methylaminopyridazines 1g,h with DMAD led to the endo‐N ‐substituted derivatives 8a,b , whereas 1h with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate (DEM) gave the exo‐N ‐substituted compound 1k. The constitution of the compounds was proved by spectroscopic and chemical evidences.
Taking the Pulse of Political Emotions in Latin America Based on Social Web Streams (2012)

Social media services have become increasingly popular and their penetration is worldwide. Micro-blogging services, such as Twitter, allow users to express themselves, share their emotions and discuss their daily life affairs in real-time, covering a variety of different points of view and opinions, including political and event-related topics such as immigration, economic issues, tax policy or election campaigns. On the other hand, traditional methods tracking public opinion still heavily rely upon opinion polls, which are usually limited to small sample sizes and can incur in significant costs in terms of time and money. In this paper, we leverage state-of-the-art techniques of sentiment analysis for real-time political emotion tracking. In particular, we analyze mentions of personal names of 18 presidents in Latin America, and measure each political figure's effect in the emotions reflected on the social web.
Development and Testing of the Miniature Aerial Delivery System Snowflake (2009)

Proceedings of the 20th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar, Seattle, WA, May 4-7, 2009.
Low-group-velocity and low-dispersion slow light in photonic crystal waveguides (2007)

Photonic crystal slab line defect waveguides with slightly small innermost holes are theoretically expected to show light transmission with low-group-velocity and low-dispersion (LVLD) characteristics owing to a linear and almost flat photonic band. In this study, the LVLD characteristics of such waveguides were experimentally confirmed by using modulation phase shift measurement and transmission of ultrashort optical pulses. These results will be applicable to buffering and nonlinearity enhancement of optical signals.
Phorbol ester-induced growth arrest of murine myelomonocytic leukemic cells with virus-disrupted myb locus is not accompanied by decreased myc and myb expression. (1987)

A class of mouse neoplasms termed Abelson virus-induced plasmacytoid lymphosarcomas has previously been found to express abnormal myb transcripts due to a helper virus insertion into the 5' end of the c-myb locus. We have established clonal cell lines from these tumors and have shown that they all express markers characteristic of myelomonocytic, rather than lymphoid, cells. Treatment of the plasmacytoid lymphosarcoma lines with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate led to various degrees of growth arrest, presumably due to myelomonocytic differentiation. To date, characterization of myeloid cell lines with varying responses to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate has not been reported. The different clonal plasmacytoid lymphosarcoma lines should, therefore, provide a good model to help elucidate the role of altered myb locus and other protooncogenes in myelomonocytic leukemia. Contrary to studies on induced differentiation of myelomonocytic cells with normal myb locus, our results on plasmacytoid lymphosarcoma cells indicate that reduced myb and myc expression may not be obligatory for growth arrest to occur. The present study, however, supports the previous notion that the myb transforming ability may be restricted to cells of the myelomonocytic lineage. In addition, we found that only the more mature cells can undergo prolonged phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced growth arrest, suggesting that the maintenance of these leukemic cells in their proliferative state, presumably by the myb gene product, can be overcome with appropriate differentiation signal(s).
Retrieving atmospheric temperature parameters from DMSP SSM/T‐1 data with a neural network (1996)

We show that back propagation neural networks yield excellent results in retrieving air temperature profiles from the 1000‐ to the 10‐mbar pressure level together with tropopause temperature and pressure estimates using operational brightness temperature data from the special sensor microwave imager (SSM/T‐1) microwave radiometer. Networks trained and tested with matched SSM/T‐1 measurements and conventional soundings collected during a 30‐day period in northern hemisphere winter demonstrated rms retrieval errors substantially less than 2K from 500 to 30 mbar, significantly outperforming an operational linear‐regression algorithm using the same data. Tropopause temperature and pressure retrievals showed rms errors of 2.15 K and 19.8 mbar. Retrieval accuracy of the system exceeds that of any previously published method using DMSP data and equals or exceeds that of published studies using data from other satellite‐borne instruments. Retrieval accuracy under possible failure modes of the SSM/T‐1 instrument are also considered, as are ways to recover from single‐channel loss. The method retrieves profiles and tropopause parameters with acceptable accuracy either if the brightness‐temperature of any one channel is offset 1.5 K or more or if uniform random noise with a peak value in the range (−2, 2) K is added in one channel. The performance is only slightly more impaired if all channels are simultaneously offset up to 1.5 K or if random noise in the range (−1, 1) K is simultaneously added to all channels. Under single‐channel loss the retrieval error can be made small at virtually every level by retrieving with a network trained without that channel.
Characterizing Frothers through Critical Coalescence Concentration (CCC)95-Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) Relationship (2012)

Frothers are surfactants commonly used to reduce bubble size in mineral flotation. This paper describes a methodology to characterize frothers by relating impact on bubble size reduction represented by CCC (critical coalescence concentration) to frother structure represented by HLB (hydrophile-lipophile balance). Thirty-six surfactants were tested from three frother families: Aliphatic Alcohols, Polypropylene Glycol Alkyl Ethers and Polypropylene Glycols, covering a range in alkyl groups (represented by n, the number of carbon atoms) and number of Propylene Oxide groups (represented by m). The Sauter mean size (D32) was derived from bubble size distribution measured in a 0.8 m3 mechanical flotation cell. The D32 vs. concentration data were fitted to a 3-parameter model to determine CCC95, the concentration giving 95% reduction in bubble size compared to water only. It was shown that each family exhibits a unique CCC95-HLB relationship dependent on n and m. Empirical models were developed to predict CCC95 either from HLB or directly from n and m. Commercial frothers of known family were shown to fit the relationships. Use of the model to predict D32 is illustrated.