gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular basis for the development of intracranial aneurysm (2010)

Saccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA) is the leading cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage, one of the most catastrophic forms of stroke. Given a high mortality rate and severe disability after subarachnoid hemorrhage, it is mandatory to develop a novel therapeutic modality that prevents sIA progression and rupture. The multifactorial nature of this disease hampers our comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of sIA. Recent advances in genetics, gene-expression profiling and molecular biological techniques have provided us with a wide variety of evidence supporting the notion that sIA is closely associated with inflammation, pathological vascular remodeling and apoptosis. Molecular mechanisms of sIA rupture remain to be elucidated and should be continuously discussed as a future issue. This would help in selecting patients with sIA that is prone to rupture, and in preventing sIA from rupture less invasively.
A monoclonal antibody specific for immunoglobulin A receptor triggers polymorphonuclear neutrophil superoxide release (1992)

An immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal antibody, My43, specific for IgA Fc receptor (Fc alpha R) on human monocytes, bound to human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and inhibited their ability to bind IgA but not IgG. It was observed that the PMN oxidative burst was induced by both polymeric IgA and aggregated IgG, whereas IgM was without effect. The IgG-mediated oxidative burst was inhibited by anti-Fc gamma RII Fab and anti-Fc gamma RIII F(ab')2 but not by My43. Conversely, the IgA-mediated oxidative burst was inhibited by My43 but not by anti-Fc gamma RII or anti-Fc gamma RIII. When anti-Fc receptor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used directly as ligands, it was observed that both anti-Fc gamma RII Fab and anti-Fc gamma RII F(ab')2 promoted the oxidative burst when cross-linked. Moreover, My43, when cross-linked with F(ab')2 antimouse IgM, also triggered the oxidative burst, whereas an IgM anti-CD15 mAb, PM81, did not stimulate function. This demonstrates that IgA receptors on PMNs are function-triggering molecules and that an anti-IgA receptor mAb may be substituted as a ligand.
Soldier's Radio (2003)

The need has been established by the US Army to provide the future soldier with computing and communications capabilities. This will entail providing the individual soldier with a pocket-size computer as well as a communications device for the transmission of both voice and data. These programs are known as Soldier's Computer and Soldier's Radio. The authors address the Soldier's Radio and many of the unique constraints, issues, factors, and opportunities that will drive the design of this system. Particular attention is given to the network architecture, information security, and operational frequency bands.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genetic Algorithms as an Approach to Configuration and Topology Design (1994)

The genetic algorithm, a search and optimization technique based on the theory of natural selection, is applied to problems of structural topology design. An overview of the genetic algorithm will first describe the genetics-based representations and operators used in a typical genetic algorithm search. Then, a review of previous research in structural optimization is provided. A discretized design representation, and methods for mapping genetic algorithm “chromosomes” into this representation, is then detailed. Several examples of genetic algorithm-based structural topology optimization are provided: we address the optimization of cantilevered plate topologies, and we investigate methods for optimizing finely-discretized design domains. The genetic algorithm’s ability to find families of highly-fit designs is also examined. Finally, a description of potential future work in genetic algorithm-based structural topology optimization is offered.
A GLRT and bootstrap approach to detection in magnetic resonance force microscopy (2004)

Magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) is a technology that will potentially enable microscopy of molecules and proteins at atomic-scale detail. Physicists are pursuing MRFM and single electron spin microscopy (SESM). Many technological challenges exist for MRFM and SESM to deliver on the promise of "visualizing" a single electron spin. The forces of interest are in the subattoneNewton and attoneNewton range (10/sup -18/ N). In this paper we consider the problem in MRFM and SESM of detecting extremely weak signals buried in noise with SNR in the range of -15 dB to -40 dB. We describe a model that, although simplistic, captures the features of the problem. We present a GLRT and bootstrap approach that incorporates a bank of Viterbi algorithms, and show by simulations that, with physically realistic parameter values, the detector can achieve probability of detection /spl beta/ = 0.9 with false alarm rate /spl alpha/ = 0.05, at SNR= -20 dB.
<i>LytB</i>, a novel gene of the 2‐<i>C</i>‐methyl‐<scp>D</scp>‐erythritol 4‐phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2001)

The mevalonate-independent 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis is essential in many eubacteria, plants, and the malaria parasite. Using genetically engineered Escherichia coli cells able to utilize exogenously provided mevalonate for isoprenoid biosynthesis by the mevalonate pathway we demonstrate that the lytB gene is involved in the trunk line of the MEP pathway. Cells deleted for the essential lytB gene were viable only if the medium was supplemented with mevalonate or the cells were complemented with an episomal copy of lytB.
Hypothermic Oxygenated Machine Perfusion Prevents Arteriolonecrosis of the Peribiliary Plexus in Pig Livers Donated after Circulatory Death (2014)

Oxygenated HMP prevents arteriolonecrosis of the peribiliary vascular plexus of the bile ducts of DCD pig livers and results in higher arterial flow after reperfusion. Together this may contribute to better perfusion of the bile ducts, providing a potential advantage in the post-ischemic recovery of bile ducts.
Cyclic tempogram—A mid-level tempo representation for musicsignals (2010)

The extraction of local tempo and beat information from audio recordings constitutes a challenging task, particularly for music that reveals significant tempo variations. Furthermore, the existence of various pulse levels such as measure, tactus, and tatum often makes the determination of absolute tempo problematic. In this paper, we present a robust mid-level representation that encodes local tempo information. Similar to the well-known concept of cyclic chroma features, where pitches differing by octaves are identified, we introduce the concept of cyclic tempograms, where tempi differing by a power of two are identified. Furthermore, we describe how to derive cyclic tempograms from music signals using two different methods for periodicity analysis and finally sketch some applications to tempo-based audio segmentation.
Localization of Ligand-Binding Domains of Human Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor: A Chimeric Receptor Approach (1997)

Two CRF receptors, CRFR1 and CRFR2, have recently been cloned and characterized. CRFR1 shares 70% sequence identity with CRFR2, yet has much higher affinity for rat/human CRF (r/hCRF) than CRFR2. As a first step toward understanding the interactions between rat/human CRF and its receptor, the regions that are involved in receptor-ligand binding and/or receptor activation were determined by using chimeric receptor constructs of the two human CRFR subtypes, CRFR1 and CRFR2, followed by generating point mutations of the receptor. The EC50 values in stimulation of intracellular cAMP of the chimeric and mutant receptors for the peptide ligand were determined using a cAMP-dependent reporter system. Three regions of the receptor were found to be important for optimal binding of r/hCRF and/or receptor activation. The first region was mapped to the junction of the third extracellular domain and the fifth transmembrane domain; substitution of three amino acids of CRFR1 in this region (Val266, Tyr267, and Thr268) by the corresponding CRFR2 amino acids (Asp266, Leu267, and Val268) increased the EC50 value by approximately 10-fold. The other two regions were localized to the second extracellular domain of the CRFR1 involving amino acids 175-178 and His189 residue. Substitutions in these two regions each increased the EC50 value for r/hCRF by approximately 7- to 8-fold only in the presence of the amino acid 266-268 mutation involving the first region, suggesting that their roles in peptide ligand binding might be secondary.
<i>In situ</i> diagnostics of film thickness and surface roughness of diamond films on a Ti–6Al–4V alloy by optical pyrometry (1998)

The thickness and surface roughness of diamond films grown on a Ti–6Al–4V alloy in a microwave plasma reactor was measured in situ using optical pyrometry. The growing film results in oscillations of the apparent temperature with time, which can be explained by interference effects caused by reflections from the film/air and film/substrate interfaces. The equation governing the transmittance of the diamond/metal system has been derived by taking into account the complex index of refraction of an absorbing substrate. The apparent temperature was modeled using this relation for the transmittance in order to extract the time dependence of film thickness, surface roughness, and the true temperature of the substrate. The growth rate was observed to exhibit two regimes: an initial period of slowly increasing growth followed by a growth rate that was about 50% higher. The surface roughness increased at a nearly uniform rate but quickly reached a saturation roughness for long deposition times (high surface roughness). The limitation of the model for films in the high surface roughness regime is discussed.
External-Ear Acoustic Models with Simple Geometry (1968)

The properties of the human ear are duplicated in simple physical models that may be accurately specified. A shallow cylindrical cavity set in an infinite plane that represents the concha has a depth resonance with values of gain and bandwidth in agreement with those observed in typical real ears under “meatus-blocked” conditions. To represent the human pinna, a rectangular flange is added to an inclined cylindrical concha. A cylindrical canal with a two-element network to simulate the eardrum impedance completes the model. Response curves with hard and soft eardrums, measured at eardrum position, at canal entrance and with blocked meatus, all have identical angular dependence up to 7 kHz and very similar angular dependence up to at least 12 kHz. The response of the model with blocked meatus and with open canal is in good agreement with real-ear data up to 7 kHz at normal and oblique incidence. Pressure distributions in the model ear for the first two modes (M1 and M2) are in excellent agreement with replica data.
Peroxisome proliferation and lipid peroxidation in rat liver. (1986)

Male F344 rats were fed a diet containing the peroxisome proliferators 2-[4-(2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropionic acid [ciprofibrate (0.025%)] or [4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid [Wy-14643 (0.1%)] for up to 14 months to determine whether hepatic peroxisome proliferation caused by these agents results in the induction of membrane lipid peroxidation in the liver. Peroxidative damage of membrane lipids from whole liver, postnuclear, heavy-particle, microsomal, and nuclear membranes was evaluated by determining the extent of formation of conjugated dienes (ultraviolet absorption, 233 nm). Increased generation of diene conjugates was noted in whole-liver, postnuclear, and heavy-particle membrane lipids of rats fed peroxisome proliferators for 6 months or longer when compared to controls. An additional, more intense absorption profile in the ultraviolet absorption range of approximately 276 nm was noted in the membrane lipids derived from whole liver, postnuclear, and heavy particle pellets, but not in the nuclear and microsomal membrane lipids of livers with peroxisome proliferation. Although the exact chemical nature of this delta 276 nm peak is not clear, it is attributed to the formation of ketone dienes and/or conjugated trienes. The excess lipid peroxidation correlates with the previous observation of accumulation of abundant quantities of lipofuscin in hepatocytes of rats chronically exposed to peroxisome proliferators. The generation of conjugated dienes and ketone dienes and/or trienes together with increased levels of H2O2 generation by peroxisomal enzymes, and decreased levels of hepatic glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferases, enzymes responsible for the defense against H2O2 damage, suggest the occurrence of membrane lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in livers of rats treated with carcinogenic peroxisome proliferators.
Processing and quality control of DNA array hybridization data (2000)

M.Vingron@dkfz-heidelberg.de
Metabolism of [3-13C]pyruvate and [3-13C]propionate in normal and ischaemic rat heart <i>in vivo</i>: 1H- and 13C-NMR studies (1995)

The oxidation of [3-13C]pyruvate and [3-13C]propionate was studied in vivo in infused rats. The infused [3-13C]pyruvate was quickly converted to [3-13C]lactate in the blood, and the [3-13C]lactate formed was well metabolized in both normoxic and ischaemic hearts. Large differences (200-600%) in the 13C enrichment of alanine (C-3) and acetyl-CoA (C-2) compared with lactate (C-3) were found in both normoxic and ischaemic hearts, suggesting that the extracellular [3-13C]lactate preferentially entered a region of the cytoplasm which specifically transfers the labelled pyruvate (formed from [3-13C]lactate) to the mitochondria. The highly enriched mitochondrial pyruvate gave high enrichment in alanine and acetyl-CoA, which was detected by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Ischaemia increased 13C incorporation into the main cytoplasmic lactate pool and decreased 13C incorporation into citric acid cycle intermediates, mainly decreasing the pyruvate anaplerosis. Isoprenaline-induced ischaemia of the heart caused only a slight decrease in pyruvate oxidation. In contrast to the decreased anaplerosis of pyruvate, the anaplerosis of propionate (and propionyl-carnitine) increased significantly in ischaemic hearts, which may contribute to the protective effect of propionyl-carnitine seen in ischaemia. In addition, we found that [3-13C]propionate preferentially labelled aspartate C-3 in rat heart, suggesting incomplete randomization of label in the succinyl-CoA-malate span of the citric acid cycle. These data show that proton observed 13C edited spectroscopic methods, i.e. heteronuclear spin-echo and the one-dimensional heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence sequence, can be successfully used to study heart metabolism in vivo.
A dual-antenna phase-array ultra-wideband CMOS transceiver (2006)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) systems use high-bandwidth signals to enable a new generation of ultra-high-data-rate wireless applications. Implementation of a high-bandwidth RF system in the 3-5 GHz band presents challenges that can be solved by circuit and system techniques. This article looks at the motivation and requirements for a WiMedia-compliant UWB system implemented for a target application in wireless video transmission. It explores the circuit-level trade-offs in CMOS radio and some of the system-level methods, such as selection diversity and equal-gain combining, used to increase robustness in multipath and interference environments. The radio (S. Lo, 2006) is part of a two-chip solution that includes a digital baseband chip that implements the WiMedia-compliant PHY and MAC. The measured results of the 0.18 mum CMOS UWB transceiver demonstrate the efficacy of these techniques in the final RF and system performance
BEAVER: a computational-geometry-based tool for switchbox routing (1988)

BEAVER combines a delayed layering scheme with computational geometry techniques to heuristically produce a switchbox solution that minimizes both via and usage and wire length, and maximizes the use of a preferred routing layer. Other important features are its use of priority queues to determine the order in which nets are routed, and its prioritized control of individual track and column usage to prevent routing conflicts. BEAVER consists of four tools that are run successively: a corner router, a line sweep router, a thread router, and a layerer. The corner router makes single-bend terminal-to-terminal connections. The line sweep router makes straight-line connections, single-bend connections, and two-bend connections. The thread router makes connections of arbitrary form. The layerer completes the switchbox by layering wires that have been assigned a location but not yet a layer. BEAVER has successfully routed all of the classic switchboxes. Its solution quality with respect to wire length was better than, or comparable to, the best previous solutions and its via usage was consistently the minimum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A statistical method for the measurement of muscle activation intervals from surface myoelectric signal during gait (1998)

The aim of this work is to present an original double-threshold detector of muscle activation, specifically developed for gait analysis. This detector operates on the raw myoelectric signal and, hence, it does not require any envelope detection. Its performances are fixed by the values of three parameters, namely, false-alarm probability (Pfa), detection probability, and time resolution. Double-threshold detectors are preferable to single-threshold ones because, for a fixed value of the Pfa, they yield higher detection probability; furthermore, they allow the user to select the couple false alarm-detection probability with a higher degree of freedom, thus, adapting the performances of the detector to the characteristics of the myoelectric signal of interest and of the experimental situation. In this paper, first we derive the detection algorithm and describe different strategies for selecting its parameters, then we present the performances of the proposed procedure evaluated by means of computer simulations, and finally we report an example of application to myoelectric signals recorded during gait. The characterization of the proposed double-threshold detector demonstrates that, in most practical situations, the bias of the estimates of the on-off transitions is smaller than 10 ms, the standard deviation may be kept lower than 15 ms, and the percentage of erroneous patterns is below 5%. These results show that this detection approach is satisfactory in research applications as well as in the clinical practice.
Effect of two-photon radiation absorption on second harmonic generation in crystals (1979)

A theoretical analysis is made of the effect of two-photon radiation absorption on second harmonic generation in crystals. The cases of simultaneous absorption of fundamental-frequency radiation and second-harmonic quanta and of simultaneous absorption of two second-harmonic quanta are studied. Graphs of the dependences of the conversion efficiency on the two-phonon absorption coefficient are plotted for these cases. Second harmonic generation in lithium metaniobate crystals is analyzed as an example.
Indirect fluorescent antibody technique with micro-fragments of Wuchereria bancrofti (1973)

Journal Article Indirect fluorescent antibody technique with micro-fragments of Wuchereria bancrofti Get access W.K. Yong W.K. Yong Department of Microbiology, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 67, Issue 3, 1973, Pages 338–344, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(73)90110-7 Published: 01 January 1973
High Efficient Deep Feature Extraction and Classification of Spectral-Spatial Hyperspectral Image Using Cross Domain Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

Recently, numerous remote sensing applications highly depend on the hyperspectral image (HSI). HSI classification, as a fundamental issue, has attracted increasing attention and become a hot topic in the remote sensing community. We implemented a regularized convolutional neural network (CNN), which adopted dropout and regularization strategies to address the overfitting problem of limited training samples. Although many kinds of the literature have confirmed that it is an effective way for HSI classification to integrate spectrum with spatial context, the scaling issue is not fully exploited. In this paper, we propose a high efficient deep feature extraction and the classification method for the spectral-spatial HSI, which can make full use of multiscale spatial feature obtained by guided filter. The proposed approach is the first attempt to lean a CNN for spectral and multiscale spatial features. Compared to its counterparts, experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve 3% improvement in accuracy, according to various datasets such as Indian Pines, Pavia University, and Salinas.
Compact dual-wavelength thulium-doped fiber laser employing a double-ring filter (2016)

In this paper, we report on stable dual-wavelength operation of a thulium-doped compact all-fiber laser using a double-ring filter as the wavelength selective element. Simultaneously lasing at 2014.4 and 2018.4 nm has been obtained via tuning the polarization controllers to adjust the relative gain and loss of the laser cavity. The side mode suppression ratios are greater than 52 dB and the output power difference between the two lasing lines is less than 0.08 dB under 2.6 W of incident pump power.
Reaction of Carbon Dioxide with Tetraphenylporphinatoaluminium Ethyl in Visible Light (1977)

Abstract Tetraphenylporphinatoaluminium ethyl reacts with carbon dioxide in the presence of 1-methylimidazole to produce tetraphenylporphinatoaluminium propionate in the presence of visible light but not in the dark.
Microglial KCa3.1 Channels as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease (2012)

There exists an urgent need for new target discovery to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, recent clinical trials based on anti-Aβ and anti-inflammatory strategies have yielded disappointing results. To expedite new drug discovery, we propose reposition targets which have been previously pursued by both industry and academia for indications other than AD. One such target is the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 (KCNN4), which in the brain is primarily expressed in microglia and is significantly upregulated when microglia are activated. We here review the existing evidence supporting that KCa3.1 inhibition could block microglial neurotoxicity without affecting their neuroprotective phagocytosis activity and without being broadly immunosuppressive. The anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of KCa3.1 blockade would be suitable for treating AD as well as cerebrovascular and traumatic brain injuries, two well-known risk factors contributing to the dementia in AD patients presenting with mixed pathologies. Importantly, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of several KCa3.1 blockers are well known, and a KCa3.1 blocker has been proven safe in clinical trials. It is therefore promising to reposition old or new KCa3.1 blockers for AD preclinical and clinical trials.