gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aspects of Combustion Stability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors Part II: Low Frequency Instability with Bipropellants. High Frequency Instability (1952)

In Part I the problem of low-frequency combust ion in stability in monopropellant rocket motors has been analyzed under the basic assumpt ion that the t ime lag is affected by pressure variations. The same idea is applied now to the bipropellant case. It is shown that for certain relations between the parameters of the two feeding systems, the results of Part I on monopropellant systems can be rigorously applied. The effect of varying the parameters from these values is also examined. A brief discussion is given of a secondary effect neglected in Part I, applicable to both monopropellant and bipropellant cases. Finally, using a simplified model for the spatial distribution of the combustion in the chamber, the case of high-frequency instability is analyzed. The correlation between unstable and natural frequencies is shown, and the ranges of the t ime lag in which high-frequency modes become unstable are found. The generalization of the results to real models is discussed.
Tissue Distributions of Dhurrin and of Enzymes Involved in Its Metabolism in Leaves of <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (1979)

The tissue distributions of dhurrin [p-hydroxy-(S)-mandelonitrile-beta-d-glucoside] and of enzymes involved in its metabolism have been investigated in leaf blades of light-grown Sorghum bicolor seedlings. Enzymic digestion of these leaves using cellulase has enabled preparations of epidermal and mesophyll protoplasts and bundle sheath strands to be isolated with only minor cross-contamination. Dhurrin was located entirely in the epidermal layers of the leaf blade, whereas the two enzymes responsible for its catabolism, namely dhurrin beta-glucosidase and hydroxynitrile lyase, resided almost exclusively in the mesophyll tissue. The final enzyme of dhurrin biosynthesis, uridine diphosphate glucose:p-hydroxymandelonitrile glucosyltransferase, was found in both mesophyll (32% of the total activity of the leaf blade) and epidermal (68%) tissues. The bundle sheath strands did not contain significant amounts of dhurrin or of these enzymes. It was concluded that the separation of dhurrin and its catabolic enzymes in different tissues prevents its large scale hydrolysis under normal physiological conditions. The well documented production of HCN (cyanogenesis), which occurs rapidly on crushing Sorghum leaves, would be expected to proceed when the contents of the ruptured epidermal and mesophyll cells are allowed to mix.
Detained Aliens Challenging Conditions of Confinement and the Porous Border of the Plenary Power Doctrine (1995)

Serious problems are endemic to the conditions at INS detention facilities. Some detainees are crowded into understaffed INS detention centers. Others are shuttled off to local jails or private facilities, where the INS seldom inquires about their treatment and they are sometimes subjected to inhumane conditions. Attempts of detained aliens to challenge these conditions under the Due Process Clause generally have been thwarted. This article documents the unconscious evolution of a standard requiring detained aliens to allege "malicious infliction of cruel treatment" or "gross physical abuse" in stating a viable due process claim. This standard provides an incomplete measure of constitutional protection, demonstrating that the plenary power doctrine is not confined to immigration law, but rather seeps out to infect claims normally governed by the aliens' rights tradition.
A Zinc Ion Controls Assembly and Stability of the Major Capsid Protein of Rotavirus (2003)

The recent determination of the crystal structure of VP6, the major capsid protein of rotavirus, revealed a trimer containing a central zinc ion coordinated by histidine 153 from each of the three subunits. The role of the zinc ion in the functions of VP6 was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutation of histidine 153 into a serine (H153S and H153S/S339H) did not prevent the formation of VP6 trimers. At pH <7.0, about the pK of histidine, wild-type and mutated VP6 proteins display similar properties, giving rise to identical tubular and spherical assemblies. However, at pH >7.0, histidine 153 mutant proteins did not assemble into the characteristic 45-nm-diameter tubes, in contrast to wild-type VP6. These observations showed that under conditions in which histidine residues are not charged, the properties of VP6 depended on the presence of the centrally coordinated zinc atom in the trimer. Indeed, wild-type VP6 depleted of the zinc ion by a high concentration (100 mM) of a metal-chelating agent behaved like the H153 mutant proteins. The susceptibility of wild-type VP6 to proteases is greatly increased in the absence of zinc. NH(2)-terminal sequencing of the proteolytic fragments showed that they all contained the beta-sheet-rich VP6 head domain, which appeared to be less sensitive to protease activity than the alpha-helical basal domain. Finally, the mutant proteins assembled well on cores, as demonstrated by both electron microscopy and rescue of transcriptase activity. Zinc is thus not necessary for the transcription activity. All of these observations suggest that, in solution, VP6 trimers present a structural flexibility that is controlled by the presence of a zinc ion.
Orthoamide, XXXII. Umsetzungen von <i>tert</i>‐Butoxy‐<i>N,N,N′,N′</i>‐tetramethylmethandiamin mit NH‐ und CH‐aciden Verbindungen (1980)

Abstract tert ‐Butoxy‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylmethandiamin ( 1 ) reagiert mit N ‐Formylglycin‐ethylester ( 2 ) und mit N ‐Formyl‐β‐alanin‐ethylester ( 9 ) zu den Aminomethylenverbindungen 3 bzw. 10 . Glycinethylester wird sowohl durch 1 als auch durch Dimethylaminoformaldehyd‐dimethylacetal ( 5 ) an der NH 2 ‐Gruppe zu 6 aminomethyleniert. Ebenso wie 3 setzt sich auch 6 mit 1 zum Amidin 4 um. N ‐Monosubstituierte Formamide werden durch 1 in Formamidine 13 übergeführt. Aus Isocyanessigsäureester 17 und 1 entsteht das Enamin 18 . Dagegen wird aus Benzylisonitril und 1 das Amidin 19 gebildet. 2‐Alkyl‐Δ 2 ‐oxazoline 21 , Imidsäureester 23, 25 sowie Amidine 27 ergeben mit 1 die Aminomethylenierungsprodukte 22, 24, 26 bzw. 28 . Das vinyloge Guanidiniumsalz 34 bildet sich aus 1 und N,N,N′,N′ ‐Tetramethylacetamidinium‐tetrafluoroborat ( 31a ). Phosphonsäureester 36 liefern bei der Einwirkung von 1 die Enamine 37 . Die Umsetzung von Trimethylsilylessigsäure‐ethylester ( 39 ) mit 1 führt zu 3‐Dimethylaminoacrylsäure‐ethylester ( 11 ).
Place in the Short Fiction of Elizabeth Madox Roberts (1986)

Picture this:Joan went down the path to the henyard, her mother's voice still telling her to feed the brooding hen .Away from the voices of the house she entered into the mid-morning quiet of the farm.She stopped at the hen's nest and she ran her hand among the soft feathers of the brooding mother, her sense of the place spiced with the odors of sweet lime and the odors of feathers that lay decaying in the dry dust under foot.
Factor V Leiden, C>T MTHFR Polymorphism and Genetic Susceptibility to Preeclampsia (1997)

We performed a case-controlled study to investigate whether the FV Leiden mutation and the C > T677 polymorphism of the 5, 10 methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia in 96 otherwise healthy preeclamptic women and 129 parous women as controls. FV Leiden carriers were 10 (10.5%) in cases and 3 (2.3%) in controls (OR: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.3-18.3). MTHFR TT homozygotes were 28 (29.8%) in cases and 24 (18.6%) in the control group (OR: 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.5). No difference in any of the polymorphisms was found between proteinuric (n = 45) and non-proteinuric (n = 51) patients. Moreover, MTHFR polymorphism does not affect the association between FV Leiden and preeclampsia. In conclusion, FV Leiden mutation and MTHFR TT genotype are associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia, suggesting that, during pregnancy, women carrying these gene variants are prone to develop such a complication.
The Probiotic Bacterium <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> Induces Activation of the Gut Mucosal Immune System through Innate Immunity (2006)

The mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria affect the immune system are unknown yet, but many of them are attributed to an increase in the innate or in the acquired immune response. To study the influence of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus casei in the expression of receptors involved in the innate immune response, this bacterium was orally administered to BALB/c mice. After, they were sacrificed; the small intestine and intestinal fluids were collected to measure secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) specific for L. casei. Mononuclear cells from Peyer's patches were isolated to determine the CD-206 and TLR-2 receptors. In histological slices we determined the number of IgA+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD3+ cells and two cytokines (interleulin-5 [IL-5] and IL-6). CD-206 and TLR-2 increased with respect to the untreated control. We did not observe an increase in the T population or in the IL-5-positive cells. IgA+ cells and IL-6-producing cells increased after 7 days of L. casei administration. We did not find specific antibodies against L. casei. The main immune cells activated after oral L. casei administration were those of the innate immune response, with an increase in the specific markers of these cells (CD-206 and TLR-2), with no modification in the number of T cells.
Improved Data Processing by Application of Brault's Method to Ultra-Rapid-Scan FT-IR Spectrometry (2002)

In Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, the use of analog-to-digital converters clocked at a constant rate leads to interferograms the data points of which are evenly spaced in time. An interpolation step is generally required to resample these data to equal intervals of retardation. Three methods of resampling the data were compared: Fourier interpolation (i.e., zero-filling), cubic interpolation, and digital filter interpolation as described by Brault. These approaches were investigated using both simulated data and interferograms acquired from an ultra-rapid scanning Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. In both cases, the optical path difference varied sinusoidally with time and interferograms were sampled at equal time intervals. It was shown that the data processing time can be reduced significantly, relative to previous methods, through the application of Brault's method, which can be considered as three separate steps involving a first-, second-, and third-order correction. If only the first-order correction for the local phase relationship between the sampling grids is applied, the noise level of resulting spectra is similar to that obtained by cubic fitting, but the data processing time is reduced significantly. If the second-order correction for the variation of velocity is also used, the data processing time is approximately the same as the first-order correction, while the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra is increased significantly. The implementation of the third-order correction for channel delay mismatch appears to be unnecessary for this instrument because the detector channel delays are small.
Vedolizumab for the Treatment of Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized Controlled Phase 2 Dose-ranging Study (2011)

Vedolizumab demonstrated dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and maximally saturated α(4) β(7) receptors over the tested dose range. Multiple dosing up to 10 mg/kg was well tolerated. Over the course of follow-up a greater proportion of patients treated with vedolizumab were in clinical response than those who were assigned to placebo.
Testing and Design of Advanced Composite Materials (1970)

This paper briefly reviews test procedures for high modulus, high strength filamentary composite materials. Current methods for measuring mechanical properties of these advanced composites are analyzed and typical results of the experiments are compared. General procedures for design of such materials are also considered and the necessity for adopting uniform test standards is emphasized.
Hierarchical block truncation coding (1991)

We present a new image coding technique called hierarchical block truncation coding (HBTC). HBTC is a combination of the block truncation coding (BTC) technique and the quadtree segmentation method. Quadtree segmentation is used to decompose an image into homogeneous regions so that the BTC method can exploit the nonstationary characteristics of the image data. The resulting bit rate is lower than that of conventional BTC, depending on the characteristics and complexity of the digital image. We investigated the performance of the encoder on both still and moving images. A small reduction in the bit rate is achievable for still images, but false contours become apparent as the rate declines. The proposed method works well on difference images from a sequence since the moving areas are encoded with greater resolution than the stationary background. A significant bit rate reduction is seen for sequence transmission. The bit rate is reduced from the 1.625 bits per pixel (bpp) required for a conventional BTC implementation down to 1.19 bpp for the least detailed still image. A typical CCITT image sequence was encoded at an average rate of 1.21 bpp. The bit rate was further reduced to an average of 0.39 bpp with a small degradation in the quality of the reconstructed images by transmitting only the most varying portions of the sequence.
Intermediate filament cytoskeleton of amnion epithelium and cultured amnion epithelial cells: expression of epidermal cytokeratins in cells of a simple epithelium. (1985)

Using immunofluorescence microscopy and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we compared the cytoskeletal proteins expressed by human amnion epithelium in situ, obtained from pregnancies of from 10-wk to birth, with the corresponding proteins from cultured amnion epithelial cells and cultures of cells from the amniotic fluid of 16 week pregnancies. Epithelia of week 16 fetuses already display tissue-specific patterns of cytokeratin polypeptides which are similar, although not identical, to those of the corresponding adult tissues. In the case of the simple amnion epithelium, a complex and characteristic complement of cytokeratin polypeptides of Mr 58,000 (No. 5), 56,000 (No. 6), 54,000 (No. 7), 52,500 (No. 8), 50,000 (No. 14), 46,000 (No. 17), 45,000 (No. 18), and 40,000 (No. 19) is present by week 10 of pregnancy and is essentially maintained until birth, with the addition of cytokeratin No. 4 (Mr 59,000) and the disappearance of No. 7 (Mr 54,000) at week 16 of pregnancy. In full-term placentae, the amnion epithelium displays two morphologically distinct regions, i.e., a simple and a stratified epithelium, both of which express the typical amnion cytokeratin polypeptides. However, in addition the stratified epithelium also synthesizes large amounts of special epidermal cytokeratins such as No. 1 (Mr 68,000), 10 (Mr 56,500), and 11 (Mr 56,000). In culture amnion epithelial cells obtained from either 16-wk pregnancies or full-term placentae will continue to synthesize the amnion-typical cytokeratin pattern, except for a loss of detection of component No. 4. This pattern is considerably different from the cytokeratins synthesized by cultures of cells from amniotic fluids (cytokeratins No. 7, 8, 18, and 19, sometimes with trace amounts of No. 17) and from several so-called "amnion epithelial cell lines." In addition, amnion epithelial cells in situ as well as amnion epithelial cell cultures appear to be heterogeneous in that they possess some cells that co-express cytokeratins and vimentin. These observations lead to several important conclusions: In contrast to the general concept of recent literature, positively charged cytokeratins of the group No. 4-6 can be synthesized in a simple, i.e., one-layered epithelium. The change from simple to stratified amnion epithelium does not require a cessation of synthesis of cytokeratins of the simple epithelium type, but in this case keratins characteristic of the terminally differentiated epidermis (No. 1, 10, and 11) are also synthesized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Time-of-Day-Dependent Trafficking and Function of Leukocyte Subsets (2019)

The number of leukocytes circulating in blood in mammals is under circadian control (i.e., ∼24h). We summarize here latest findings on the mechanisms governing leukocyte migration from the blood into various organs, focusing on the distinct leukocyte subtype- and tissue-specific molecules involved. We highlight the oscillatory expression patterns of adhesion molecules, chemokines, and their receptors that are expressed on endothelial cells and leukocytes, and which are crucial regulators of rhythmic leukocyte recruitment. We also discuss the relevance of clock genes for leukocyte function and migration. Finally, we compare immune cell rhythms under steady-state conditions as well as during inflammation and disease, and we postulate how these findings provide potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
The Role of Nerve Growth Factor Receptors in Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Degeneration in Prodromal Alzheimer Disease (2005)

Dysfunction of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its high (TrkA) and low (p75NTR) affinity receptors has been suggested to underlie the selective degeneration of the nucleus basalis (NB) cholinergic cortical projection neurons in end stage Alzheimer disease (AD). Whether the NGF system is dysfunctional during the prodromal stages of AD has only recently been evaluated. Surprisingly, the number of choline acetyltransferase-containing neurons remains stable despite a significant reduction in NGF receptor-positive cells in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), suggesting a phenotypic NGF receptor downregulation but not a frank loss of NB neurons during prodromal AD. Moreover, there is a loss of cortical TrkA in the face of stable p75NTR and increased proNGF levels, the precursor molecule of mature NGF, in early AD. Depending upon the cellular context these changes may result in increased pro-apoptotic signaling, cell survival, or a defect in retrograde transport mechanisms. Alterations in NGF and its receptors within the cholinotrophic NB system in early AD suggest that NGF-mediated cell signaling is required for the longterm survival of these neurons. Therapeutic neurotrophic intervention might delay or prevent NB neuron degeneration and preserve cholinergic cortical function during prodromal AD.
Spike-Time-Dependent Encoding for Neuromorphic Processors (2015)

This article presents our research towards developing novel and fundamental methodologies for data representation using spike-timing-dependent encoding. Time encoding efficiently maps a signal's amplitude information into a spike time sequence that represents the input data and offers perfect recovery for band-limited stimuli. In this article, we pattern the neural activities across multiple timescales and encode the sensory information using time-dependent temporal scales. The spike encoding methodologies for autonomous classification of time-series signatures are explored using near-chaotic reservoir computing. The proposed spiking neuron is compact, low power, and robust. A hardware implementation of these results is expected to produce an agile hardware implementation of time encoding as a signal conditioner for dynamical neural processor designs.
A similarity retrieval technique for textured 3D models (2010)

This paper describes a similarity retrieval technique for textured 3D models. Various kinds of research have been conducted on similarity retrievals of 3D models since the late 1990's. Although most of the retrieval techniques focus on shape similarity of the 3D models, our technique allows users to retrieve and classify 3D models based on texture pattern similarity. To test our texture similarity retrieval technique, a set of a textured 3D model database was synthesized from 3D polygonal models and 2D texture images. The database was analyzed by software programs, and texture features were extracted from each 3D model. The extracted texture features were computed based on HLAC (higher order local autocorrelation) and fractal dimensions. Often, both kinds of texture features were used for analyzing 2D texture images. However, we extended the techniques to handle three dimensional volumetric data for extracting features from textured 3D models. Our experimental web-based retrieval system successfully retrieved textured 3D models with fairly acceptable recall-precision rates. This retrieval technique which is based on texture patterns can be used in conjunction with traditional shape similarity retrieval techniques, and the technique can enhance similarity retrieval performances.
[Analysis of complications following double contrast arthrotomography of the temporomandibular joint]. (1989)

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrography is a valuable diagnostic method to evaluate the pathology of soft tissue components of the TMJ. However, arthrography is more or less invasive technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the sort and content of injury following TMJ arthrography. The symptoms before and after the arthrography were compared. In 90 joints that underwent TMJ arthrography, complications such as pain and/or trismus were encountered in 39 joints within one month. Twenty six patients complained of the change of pain conditions including the discomfort. The most common one was the pain on mouth opening. In every joint the pain disappeared within one month without any treatment. There was a high frequency of exacerbated pain in patients with some pain before the arthrography. The change of the degree of maximum opening was recognized in 11 patients. The duration of that condition was somewhat longer than that of pain conditions. In 5 joints with late clicking, 3 developed closed lock. Other complications were swelling, disability of mastication, eczema, hearing impairment and facial paresthesia. All the symptoms disappeared within 1 week without any treatment. From these results it was suggested that TMJ arthrography has low possibility of severe damage to the TMJ although there is some possibility of injury to the bone and soft tissue by arthrographic procedures.
Using appearance and context for outdoor scene object classification (2005)

We propose a probabilistic object classifier for outdoor scene analysis as a first step in solving the problem of scene context generation. The method begins with a top-down control, which uses the previously learned models (appearance and absolute location) to obtain an initial pixel-level classification. This information provides us the core of objects, which is used to acquire a more accurate object model. Therefore, their growing by specific active regions allows us to obtain an accurate recognition of known regions. Next, a stage of general segmentation provides the segmentation of unknown regions by a bottom-strategy. Finally, the last stage tries to perform a region fusion of known and unknown segmented objects. The result is both a segmentation of the image and a recognition of each segment as a given object class or as an unknown segmented object. Furthermore, experimental results are shown and evaluated to prove the validity of our proposal.
An Intelligent Knowledge-Based Recommendation System (2006)

An intelligent knowledge-based recommendation system for multiple users in TV-Anytime environment is developed. The architecture of the multi-agent recommendation system is described. KQC (Keyword-query combination) user profile is proposed for information modeling. The priority filtering agent operates according to the similarity between the program and the KQC user profile. This knowledge-based recommendation system can provide personalized content to users based on their preferences more efficiently and more concisely.