gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Yeast has homologs (CNA1 and CNA2 gene products) of mammalian calcineurin, a calmodulin-regulated phosphoprotein phosphatase. (1991)

Calcineurin, or phosphoprotein phosphatase type 2B (PP2B), is a calmodulin-regulated phosphoprotein phosphatase. We isolated a gene encoding a yeast PP2B homolog (CNA1) by screening a yeast genomic DNA library in the expression vector lambda gt11, first with 125I-labeled yeast calmodulin and then with a human cDNA encoding the catalytic (or A) subunit of calcineurin. The predicted CNA1 gene product is 54% identical to its mammalian counterpart. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with oligonucleotide primers based on sequences conserved between CNA1 and mammalian PP2B genes, we isolated a second gene, CNA2. CNA2 is identical to PP2Bw, a partial cDNA clone previously described by others as originating from rabbit brain tissue. Our findings demonstrate that a unicellular eukaryote contains phosphoprotein phosphatases of the 2B class. Haploid cells containing a single cna1 or cna2 null mutation, or both mutations, were viable. MATa cna1 cna2 double mutants were more sensitive than wild-type cells or either single mutant to growth arrest induced by the mating pheromone alpha factor and failed to resume growth during continuous exposure to alpha factor. Thus, calcineurin action antagonizes the mating-pheromone response pathway.
Imitation learning of car driving skills with decision trees and random forests (2014)

Abstract Machine learning is an appealing and useful approach to creating vehicle control algorithms, both for simulated and real vehicles. One common learning scenario that is often possible to apply is learning by imitation, in which the behavior of an exemplary driver provides training instances for a supervised learning algorithm. This article follows this approach in the domain of simulated car racing, using the TORCS simulator. In contrast to most prior work on imitation learning, a symbolic decision tree knowledge representation is adopted, which combines potentially high accuracy with human readability, an advantage that can be important in many applications. Decision trees are demonstrated to be capable of representing high quality control models, reaching the performance level of sophisticated pre-designed algorithms. This is achieved by enhancing the basic imitation learning scenario to include active retraining, automatically triggered on control failures. It is also demonstrated how better stability and generalization can be achieved by sacrificing human-readability and using decision tree model ensembles. The methodology for learning control models contributed by this article can be hopefully applied to solve real-world control tasks, as well as to develop video game bots
Person Re-identification Based on Feature Fusion and Triplet Loss Function (2018)

The task of Person re-identification (re-ID) is to recognize an individual observed by non-overlapping cameras. Robust feature representation is a crucial problem in re-ID. With the rise of deep learning, most current approaches adopt convolutional neural networks (CNN) to extract features. However, the feature representation learned by CNN is often global and lacks detailed local information. To address this issue, this paper proposes a simple CNN architecture consisting of a re-ID subnetwork and an attribute sub-network. In re-ID sub-network, global feature and semantic feature are extracted and fused in a weighted manner, and triplet loss is adopted to further improve the discriminative ability of the learned fusion feature. On the other hand, attribute sub-network focuses on local aspects of a person and offers local structural information that is helpful for re-ID. The two sub-networks are combined on the loss level and their complementary aspects are leveraged to improve the re-ID accuracy. Comparative evaluations demonstrate that our method outperforms several state-of-the-art ones. On the challenging Market1501 and DukeMTMC datasets, 86.3% rank-1 accuracy and 69.4% mAP, and 72.1% rank-1 accuracy and 53.4% mAP are achieved respectively.
Wnt/?-catenin-pathway as a molecular target for future anti-cancer therapeutics (2004)

Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs used for the treatment of cancer patients in advanced stages have yielded only limited benefit, regarding survival time not to mention cure of the patients. To improve the clinical outcome of cancer, agents aimed at novel molecular targets are required. Colorectal and many other cancers are caused by hyperactivity of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway that results in constitutive beta-catenin mediated transactivation of T cell factor (Tcf)-dependent genes. Accordingly, disruption of this signaling pathway holds promise for the development of new anti-cancer drugs. Our study describes recent therapeutic strategies to interfere with tumor growth by blocking the unrestricted activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. The antagonists, which may become lead compounds of new anticancer therapeutics include established drugs in new application areas, recombinant biomolecules, virus mediated selective cell killing, and small molecules, disrupting protein-protein interactions.
Endorectal and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Detection of Local Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy (2008)

MRI combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI showed a higher sensitivity and specificity compared with MRI alone in detecting local recurrences after radical prostatectomy.
Concanavalin A selectively reduces desensitization of mammalian neuronal quisqualate receptors. (1989)

A fast perfusion system was used to apply excitatory amino acids to embryonic hippocampal neurons grown in dissociated culture and voltage clamped in the whole-cell recording configuration. Responses to quisqualic acid and DL-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA; a potent quisqualate-like agonist) showed rapid desensitization: at 100 microM the peak inward current declined to a plateau response on average 0.2 times the peak response (mean time constant, 30 ms). Responses to L-aspartic acid and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid also showed desensitization: at 100 microM, when recorded in Mg-free solution with 0.3 microM glycine, the peak inward current declined to a plateau value 0.5 times the peak, but with a time constant of desensitization (average, 248 ms) one order of magnitude slower than desensitization of responses to quisqualate. Responses to kainate and domoate (agonists at kainic acid receptors) did not show appreciable desensitization. Responses to L-glutamate and 5-Br-willardine (a potent non-NMDA receptor agonist), recorded in glycine-free solution with 1 mM Mg to suppress N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor activity, showed similar rapid desensitization to AMPA and quisqualate, but occurred with less depression of the peak current. The lectin concanavalin A (Con A) reduced desensitization at quisqualate receptors, with no effect on responses to kainate or N-methyl-D-aspartic acid. The effect of Con A developed slowly (average time constant at 2.5 microM, 250 s) but at steady state Con A increased the plateau current evoked by 100 microM quisqualate to 13 times control. Succinyl-Con A produced only a small reduction of desensitization to quisqualate, approximately 10% of that produced by native Con A. Con A did not change the decay time constant of fast excitatory synaptic currents evoked by stimulation of presynaptic neurons, although the peak synaptic current decreased after treatment with lectin. Con A was also without effect on the block of responses to kainate produced by coapplication of quisqualate.
Adaptive Compensation for Time-Slotted Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Network (2014)

Since time division multiple access (TDMA) is employed to reduce power consumption, time synchronization is critically important for wireless sensor networks. Packet-based clock correction is one of main methods to maintain synchronization among nodes. However, in many real cases, such as industrial equipment monitoring and diagnosis, there is no need to exchange messages during relatively long time, while highly accurate time synchronization has to be maintained, which results in that additional packets have to be exchanged specifically for synchronization purpose. For addressing this problem, an adaptive compensation method is proposed in this paper to achieve a high synchronization precision without exchanging message frequently. We proved that the adaptive compensation method can achieve a high synchronization precision with much fewer packet exchanges. In addition, the performance of the proposed scheme has been evaluated in three different experimental settings. In the indoor experiment, compared with the synchronization method without using compensation, 98% of the synchronizing packets can be eliminated while maintaining synchronization precision at 100 μs. In the outdoor experiment with higher temperature fluctuation, 80% of the packets can be eliminated with 100 μs synchronization precision. In the case of sudden temperature changes of more than [Formula: see text]C, the proposed compensation packet frequency regresses to the frequency of the synchronization method without compensation.
Numerical Simulation of Cavitation Around a Hydrofoil and Evaluation of a RNG κ-ε Model (2007)

Cavitating flow around a hydrofoil was simulated using a transport equation-based model with consideration of the influence of noncondensable gases. The cavity length and the pressure distributions on the suction side can be well predicted for stable cavities using the standard renormalization-group (RNG) κ-ε turbulence model with proper noncondensable gas mass fraction. The unstable cavity shedding at lower cavitation numbers was not well predicted by the standard RNG κ-ε turbulence model. A modified RNG κ-ε turbulence model was evaluated by comparing the calculated spatial-temporal pressure distributions on the suction wall with experimental data. The results showed that the predicted cavity growth and shedding cycle and its frequency agree well with the experimental data. However, the pressure increase caused by interaction of the reentrant flow and the cavity interface is overestimated, which caused the time-averaged pressure on the front part of the hydrofoil to be overestimated. The time-averaged pressure on the rear of the hydrofoil was low because the small cavity shedding on the rear part of the cavity was not predicted.
Expanding Circle of Inhibition: Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Bcl-2 as Anticancer Cell and Antiangiogenic Agents (2008)

The specific targeting of diseases, particularly cancer, is a primary aim in drug development, as specificity reduces unwelcome effects on healthy tissue and increases drug efficacy at the target site. Drug specificity can be increased by improving the delivery system or by selecting drugs with affinity for a molecular ligand specific to the disease state. The role of the prosurvival Bcl-2 protein in maintaining the normal balance between apoptosis and cellular survival has been recognized for more than a decade. Bcl-2 is vital during development, much less so in adults. It has also been noted that some cancers evade apoptosis and obtain a survival advantage through aberrant expression of Bcl-2. The new and remarkably diverse class of drugs, small-molecule inhibitors of Bcl-2 (molecular weight approximately 400 to 800 Daltons), is examined herein. We present the activities of these compounds along with clinical observations, where available. The effects of Bcl-2 inhibition on attenuation of tumor cell growth are discussed, as are studies revealing the potential for Bcl-2 inhibitors as antiangiogenic agents. Despite an enormous body of work published for the Bcl-2 family of proteins, we are still learning exactly how this group of molecules interacts and indeed what they do. The small-molecule inhibitors of Bcl-2, in addition to their therapeutic potential, are proving to be an important investigative tool for understanding the function of Bcl-2.
Concurrent Optimization for Parameters of Powertrain and Control System of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms (2006)

The optimizing design of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) aims at improving fuel economy and decreasing emissions subject to the satisfaction of its drivability. The concurrent optimization for main parameters of powertrain components and control system is the key to implement this objective. However, this problem is challenging due to the large amount of coupling design parameters, conflicting design objectives and nonlinear constraints. Thus, it is necessary to employ an effective strategy and algorithms to solve this problem. In this paper, an approach of optimization is developed based on the multi-objective genetic algorithms, which can realize the optimization to parameters of powertrain and control system simultaneously and find the Pareto-optimal solution set successfully subject to user-selectable performance constraints. This optimal parameter set provides a wide range of choices for the design, which can improve the fuel economy and reduce emissions without sacrificing vehicle performance. A case simulation is carried out and simulated by ADVISOR, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach proposed in this paper
Viable deletions of the M13 complementary strand origin (1981)

The single-stranded DNA of bacteriophage M13 is converted to a duplex replicative form by a mechanism involving RNA-primed initiation at a single unique site on the viral DNA. The DNA sequence that specifies the RNA primer is contained largely within one of two adjacent hairpin structures protected from DNase degradation by RNA polymerase. We have used in vitro techniques to construct a series of M13 mutants having deletions in the region of the complementary strand origin. Deletions of the duplex replicative form DNA range in size from 54 to 201 base pairs. The largest deletions remove both of the RNA polymerase-protected hairpins and the entire sequence specifying the primer RNA. Mutants lacking one or both hairpins form faint plaques, give reduced phage yields, and show a lag in phage production of >30 min. The rate of conversion of the single-stranded viral DNA to the parental replicative form is reduced both in vivo and in vitro. These results indicate that both the RNA polymerase-protected hairpins and the RNA primer-coding sequence are important, but not essential, for replication. Other sequences within the origin region, or possibly elsewhere in the genome, may play a role in complementary strand initiation in these mutant phages. The M13 viral strand is initiated by extension of the 3' terminus generated by site-specific nicking of the viral strand of the replicative form DNA by the M13 gene II protein. This specific nicking site is retained in all of the M13 deletion mutants. Deletion end points do not extend into a 13-nucleotide sequence preceding the viral strand nicking site. We propose that a sequence including these 13 nucleotides is required for gene II protein action at this site.
An Advanced Alloy for Landing Gear and Aircraft Structural Applications - Aerometr® 100 Alloy (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Carpenter AerMet® 100 Alloy is a nominally 0.23% C, 13.4% Co, 3.1% Cr, 11.1% Ni, 1.2% Mo and balance Fe proprietary alloy designed for aerospace structural applications requiring a combination of high strength, high fracture toughness and good resistance to stress corrosion cracking. AerMet® 100 alloy was designed to be a candidate to replace 300M in the Navy's carrier based aircraft but it is now being evaluated for other applications where its nominal 285 ksi (1965 MPa) U.T.S., 115 ksi √in. (126 MPa √m) K<sub>Ic</sub> and 35 ksi √in. (38 MPa √m) K<sub>Iscc</sub> in a 3.5% NaCl solution can be utilized. This paper presents AerMet® 100 alloy and discusses its typical properties after the recommended 1625°F (885°C), 1h solution treatment and 900°F (482°C), 5 hour age. AerMet® 100 alloy is then compared with AF1410, Marage 250, 300M, H11, HyTuf and 4340. Finally, aging curves for AerMet® 100 alloy aged for 5 hours between 200 and 950°F (93 and 510°C) are presented and the effects of aging treatments on mechanical properties are discussed.</div>
Functional Properties of Silkworm Larvae Protein Concentrate (1986)

The functional properties of defatted silkworm larvae flour and protein concentrate have been compared with those of soybean. The protein contents of soybean and silkworm larvae protein concentrate were 70.3% and 84.1%, respectively. The solubility of silkworm larvae protein concentrate was lower than that of soybean protein at various pH tested. However, silkworm larvae protein concentrate showed better fat absorption, poorer water absorption and overall higher bulk density than soybean protein. The silkworm larvae protein concentrate showed higher emulsifying capacity and stability, but showed lower foaming capacity and stability than soybean protein. Silkworm larvae protein concentrate showed highest viscosity among various protein products at all concentrations and reached the highest viscosity at 57% protein concentration. Therefore, high emulsification properties of silkworm larvae protein concentrate will be a good protein source when it is added to emulsified food.
BIZARRE INTERACTIONS AND ENDGAMES: Entomopathogenic Fungi and Their Arthropod Hosts (2005)

Invertebrate pathogens and their hosts are taxonomically diverse. Despite this, there is one unifying concept relevant to all such parasitic associations: Both pathogen and host adapt to maximize their own reproductive output and ultimate fitness. The strategies adopted by pathogens and hosts to achieve this goal are almost as diverse as the organisms themselves, but studies examining such relationships have traditionally concentrated only on aspects of host physiology. Here we review examples of host-altered behavior and consider these within a broad ecological and evolutionary context. Research on pathogen-induced and host-mediated behavioral changes demonstrates the range of altered behaviors exhibited by invertebrates including behaviorally induced fever, elevation seeking, reduced or increased activity, reduced response to semiochemicals, and changes in reproductive behavior. These interactions are sometimes quite bizarre, intricate, and of great scientific interest.
Adsorbate-substrate and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions of Na and K adlayers on Al(111) (1992)

We present total-energy, force, and electronic-structure calculations for Na and K adsorbed in various geometries on an Al(111) surface. The calculations apply density-functional theory together with the local-density approximation and the ab initio pseudopotential formalism. Two adsorbate meshes, namely, (\ensuremath{\surd}3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} \ensuremath{\surd}3 )R30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2), are considered and for each of them the geometry of the adlayer relative to the substrate is varied over a wide range of possibilities. By total-energy minimization we determine stable and metastable geometries. For Na we find for both adsorbate meshes that the ordering of the calculated binding energies per adatom is such that the substitutional geometry, where each Na atom replaces a surface Al atom, is most favorable and the on-top position is most unfavorable. The (\ensuremath{\surd}3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} \ensuremath{\surd}3 )R30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} structure has a lower energy than the (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) structure. This is shown to be a substrate effect and not an effect of the adsorbate-adsorbate interaction. In contrast to the results for Na, we find for the (\ensuremath{\surd}3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} \ensuremath{\surd}3 )R30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} K adsorption that the calculated adsorption energies for the on-top, threefold hollow, and substitutional sites are equal within the accuracy of our calculation, which is \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 eV. The similarity of the energies of the on-surface adsorption sites is explained as a consequence of the bigger size of K which implies that the adatom experiences a rather small substrate electron-density corrugation. Therefore for potassium the on-top and hollow sites are close in energy already for the unrelaxed Al(111) substrate. Because the relaxation energy of the on-top site is larger than that of the threefold hollow site both sites receive practically the same adsorption energy. The unexpected possibility of surface-substitutional sites is explained as a consequence of the ionic nature of the bonding which, at higher coverages, can develop strongest when the adatom can dive into the substrate as deep as possible. The interesting result of the studied systems is that the difference in bond strengths between the ``normal'' and substitutional geometries is sufficiently large to kick out a surface Al atom.
Tilt angle effect on optimizing HALO PMOS and NMOS performance (2002)

Deep submicrometer MOS devices often need special structures to optimize their performance. The HALO structure, or pocket implant, is usually adopted for PMOS to reduce off-state leakage current and enhance on-state drive current. This paper studies the tilt angle effect of HALO implant on device performance. It is found that device with higher tilt angle gives reduced body effect and increased source resistance as compared to those with low tilt angle, and the effect of resistance and body effect compensates each other, resulting equivalent DC performance for different tilt angle. We suggest that based on this equivalence of DC performance, high tilt angle should be adopted for HALO devices due to their lower junction capacitance.
A study of residual stress distribution through the thickness of p/sup +/ silicon films (thermal oxidation effects) (1993)

The effect of thermal oxidation on the residual stress distribution throughout the thickness of heavily-boron-doped (p/sup +/) silicon films is studied. The deflection of p/sup +/ silicon cantilever beams due to residual stress variation throughout the film thickness is studied for as-diffused and thermally oxidized films. Cantilevers of as-diffused p/sup +/ silicon films display a positive curvature (or a negative bending moment), signified by bending up of the beams. Thermal oxidation of the films prior to cantilever fabrication by anisotropic etching modifies the residual stresses in the p/sup +/ film, specially in the near-surface region (i.e. the top 0.3 to 0.5 mu m for the oxidation times used here), and can result in beams with a negative curvature even when the oxide is removed from the p/sup +/ silicon cantilever surface subsequent to cantilever fabrication.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate Extracted from Different Bacteria (1965)

Lundgren, D. G. (Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y.), R. Alper, C. Schnaitman and R. H. Marchessault. Characterization of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate extracted from different bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 89:245-251. 1965.-Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) from different bacterial genera was studied with regard to its crystal structure, infrared absorption, intrinsic viscosity, and electron microscopy. All PHB samples precipitated from dilute chloroform solution gave identical X-ray diffractograms confirming uniformity of crystal structure, and uniformity of molecular structure, based on the similarity of the recorded infrared spectra, was also established. Crystal morphology was also similar, showing the reported "lath" shape structure for purified polymer from Bacillus cereus. Intrinsic viscosity ranged from 0.04 to 11.5 depending upon the polymer treatment; polymer molecular weights, based upon viscometry, could be estimated to range from 1,000 to 250,000. It is concluded that the same basic molecule is involved in all PHB present in the bacterial kindgom.