gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiretroviral Agents Inhibit Infection of Human Cells by Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (2000)

The efficacy of antiretroviral drugs against porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) that may be harbored in pig organs intended for transplantation was examined in human cells in vitro. The nucleoside analogs zidovudine and dideoxyinosine were found to effectively inhibit PERV replication.
A Thermally Self-Sustaining Miniature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (2007)

A thermally self-sustaining miniature power generation device was developed utilizing a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) placed in a controlled thermal environment provided by a spiral counterflow “Swiss roll” heat exchanger and combustor. With the single-chamber design, fuel/oxygen crossover due to cracking of seals via thermal cycling is irrelevant and coking on the anode is practically eliminated. Appropriate SOFC operating temperatures were maintained even at low Reynolds numbers (Re) via combustion of the fuel cell effluent at the center of the Swiss roll. Both propane and higher hydrocarbon fuels were examined. Extinction limits and thermal behavior of the integrated system were determined in equivalence ratio - Re parameter space and an optimal regime for SOFC operation was identified. SOFC power densities up to 420 mW/cm2 were observed at low Re. These results suggest that single-chamber SOFC’s integrated with heat-recirculating combustors may be a viable approach for small-scale power generation devices.
Olefin Coördination Compounds. III. Coördination Compounds of Butadiene with Platinum(II), Palladium(II) and Copper(I) Halides<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOlefin Coördination Compounds. III. Coördination Compounds of Butadiene with Platinum(II), Palladium(II) and Copper(I) Halides1Philip E. Slade Jr. and Hans B. JonassenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 6, 1277–1279Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01563a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01563a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of β-Ni(OH)2 and NiO hollow spheres by a facile template-free process (2005)

Ni(OH)2 hollow microspheres with beta-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets as the in situ formed building units were fabricated via a novel template-free approach in a strong alkaline solution of glycine, and can be converted into NiO hollow microspheres by a thermal decomposition process.
CuSCN as selective contact in solution-processed small-molecule organic solar cells leads to over 7% efficient porphyrin-based device (2016)

Two A–π–D–π–A small molecules with a zinc porphyrin donor core and 3-ethylrhodamine terminal were synthesized and used as donor for BHJ OSCs. The PCE over 7% was achieved using CuSCN as selective contact.
Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with citalopram (2002)

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), such as venalafaxine and paroxetine, are used in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Patients with GAD frequently have comorbid psychiatric disorders, such as depression. SSRIs are effective in the treatment of a variety of anxiety disorders and depression. Citalopram, a newer SSRI used in the treatment of depression, has not been studied for GAD. This is the first report of the use of citalopram, the most selective SSRI, for the treatment of GAD in a retrospective case observation study. Thirteen patients diagnosed with GAD were treated with citalopram at an academic outpatient clinic. The main outcome measures were the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity (CGI-S; at baseline) and Improvement (CGI-I). The mean age of the patients was 38 years. The mean dose of citalopram at endpoint was 33 mg/day (range 10-60 mg/day). After 12 weeks of treatment with citalopram, all 13 patients experienced full or partial improvement in GAD and depressive symptoms leading to meaningful improvement in social and occupational functioning. Mean baseline HAM-A scores (mean+/-SEM) decreased from 22.2+/-1.3 to 6.2+/-0.9 after citalopram treatment. The mean CGI-I score was 1.8+/-0.2 with 11 of the 13 patients responding (CGI-I of 1 or 2). These data suggest that citalopram may be an effective treatment for GAD. Several patients who had failed previous treatment with other SSRIs responded to citalopram, suggesting that a second SSRI, such as citalopram, may be beneficial in this population. A larger placebo-controlled study of citalopram is warranted in GAD.
A multi-bit ΔΣ audio DAC with 120 dB dynamic range (2003)

The growth of consumer 24 b audio formats such as DVD has increased the demand for low-cost audio DACs with wide dynamic range and high linearity. Multi-bit /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulation offers advantages for such high-end performance including relaxed out-of-band filtering requirements, smaller idle-channel tones, and reduced sensitivity to clock jitter but requires dynamic element matching (DEM) to correct nonlinearity in the internal multi-bit DAC. The key goals for DAC reported here are 120 dB dynamic range with power dissipation low enough for a stereo implementation in a low-cost plastic package, and minimized DEM die area overhead.
Point Cloud Compression and Low Latency Streaming (2017)

With the commoditization of the 3D depth sensors, we can now very easily model 
real objects and scenes into digital domain which then can be used for variety of application 
in gaming, animation, virtual reality, immersive communication etc. Modern sensors are 
capable of capturing objects with very high detail and scene of large area and thus might 
include millions of points. These point data usually occupy large storage space or require 
high bandwidth in case of real-time transmission. Thus, an efficient compression of these 
huge point cloud data points becomes necessary. Point clouds are often organized and 
compressed with octree based structures. The octree subdivision sequence is often serialized 
in a sequence of bytes that are subsequently entropy encoded using range coding, arithmetic 
coding or other methods. Such octree based algorithms are efficient only up to a certain level 
of detail as they have an exponential run-time in the number of subdivision levels. In 
addition, the compression efficiency diminishes when the number of subdivision levels 
increases. In this work we present an alternative way to partition the point cloud data. The 
point cloud is divided based on the data partition using kd tree binary division instead of 
Octree’s space partition method and forming a base layer. In base layer leaf nodes, the 
distribution of points is considered and projected to a 2D plane based on the flatness of the 
node points. Octree and Quadtree based partition is used to further convert the data to 
bitstreams. These are scalable point cloud bitstreams as we need only specific number of kd 
nodes in each time for a specific point of view. The use case is navigation in autonomous 
vehicles where it requires point cloud information up to a specific distance at different 
speeds. These scalable bitstreams of kd nodes can be used in real time transmission with low 
latency. Results show that compression performance is improved for geometry compression 
in point clouds and a scalable low latency streaming model is shown for navigation use case.
Furan-modified oligonucleotides for fast, high-yielding and site-selective DNA inter-strand cross-linking with non-modified complements † (2009)

Among the various types of DNA damage, inter-strand cross-links (ICL) represent one of the most cytotoxic lesions. Processes such as transcription and replication can be fully blocked by ICLs, as shown by the mechanism of action of some anticancer drugs. However, repair of ICLs can be a possible cause of resistance. To study the mechanisms of cross-link repair stable, site-specifically cross-linked duplexes are needed. We here report on the synthesis of site-specifically cross-linked DNA using an acyclic furan containing nucleoside. Selective in situ oxidation of the incorporated furan moiety generates a highly reactive oxo-enal that instantly reacts with the complementary base in a non-modified strand, yielding one specific stable cross-linked duplex species. Varying sequence context showed that a strong selectivity for cross-linking to either complementary A or complementary C is operating, without formation of cross-links to neighboring or distant bases. Reaction times are very short and high isolated yields are obtained using only one equivalent of modified strand. The formed covalent link is stable and the isolated cross-linked duplexes can be stored for several months without degradation. Structural characterization of the obtained ICL was possible by comparison to the natural mutagenic adducts of cis-2-butene-1,4-dial, a metabolite of furan primarily responsible for furan carcinogenicity.
Hermes-a lean m-commerce software platform utilizing electronic signatures (2003)

The world-wide growth of the mobile telephony market has opened the door for mobile commerce (m-commerce). For the restricted target platforms used for m-commerce such as mobile phones or personal digital assistants, domain solutions need to be lean but still secure. Mobile contracting and mobile payment in particular, as parts of m-commerce, require solutions resting upon a sound legal basis. Electronic contracts and slips require solutions that are admitted as evidence in court. This is considered a key aspect for m-commerce applications to be widely accepted This paper presents the Hermes platform developed at the University of Constance. It is a lean and secure trading platform that utilizes digital signatures for authentication conforming with European electronic-signature laws.
Cationic Oligomerization of the Pyrolysis C5 Fraction (2018)

The cationic oligomerization of the pyrolysis C5 fraction in the presence of catalyst systems based on AlCl3, VOCl3, BF3 · O(C2H5)2, and a Gustavson complex has been investigated. It has been shown that the use of the diisopropyl ether-modified Gustavson complex in the reaction makes it possible to synthesize fully soluble oligomers in high yields. The conversions of all the unsaturated components of the pyrolysis fraction to the oligomer at different durations of the oligomerization process have been determined. The synthesized oligomers are characterized by high unsaturation and exhibit the properties of film-forming compounds.
Sleep deprivation affects inflammatory marker expression in adipose tissue (2010)

PSD decreased fat mass and may modulate the cytokine content in different depots of adipose tissue. The inflammatory response was diminished in both depots of adipose tissue, with increased IL-6 levels in RPAT and decreased TNF-α protein concentrations in MEAT and increased levels of corticosterone in serum.
The search for meaning in large text databases (2000)

The task of retrieving information is becoming increasingly complicated as larger coropa are searched. Systems that employ single-pass statistical methods often swamp the user with an excessive number of hits or fail to find any exact matches and return none. This thesis examines a system that employs richer representation of the texts in its corpus. This understanding is developed by a collection of experts that examine articles in the database, looking at both the text itself and the annotations placed by other agents. These agents employ a variety of methods ranging from statistical examination to natural-language parsing to query expansion through specific-purpose knowledge bases. Retrieval servers use these augmented feature sets to provide more useful responses to user queries. Thesis Chairman: Marvin Minsky Title: Toshiba Professor Of Media Arts And Sciences 2 Acknowledgments There are many people who deserve thanks for helping to make this thesis a reality. First and forem...
Effects of an extract from Phyllanthus niruri on hepatitis B and woodchuck hepatitis viruses: in vitro and in vivo studies. (1987)

An aqueous extract of the plant Phyllanthus niruri inhibits endogenous DNA polymerase of hepatitis B virus and binds to the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus in vitro. The extract also inhibits woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA polymerase and binds to the surface antigen of WHV in vitro. The extract, nontoxic to mice, was tested for antiviral activity in woodchucks (Marmota monax). In a trial using six long-term WHV-carrier woodchucks, five treated animals showed a faster decrease in woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen titer compared to one untreated control. In animals recently infected with WHV, the extract was effective when administered i.p. in three out of four animals in reducing and within 3-6 weeks eliminating both the surface antigen titer and DNA polymerase activity in serum. The treatment was discontinued after 10 weeks, and the treated animals have remained free of detectable markers of WHV for more than 45 weeks. In contrast, three untreated controls remained positive for both markers for WHV. One of the controls died after 8 weeks; the other two controls have remained positive for WHV markers for more than 45 weeks. In a third trial with long-term carriers, test animals treated subcutaneously with the extract for 12 weeks did not respond; but on switching the mode of administration to i.p., two out of the five animals showed a significant decrease in woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen titer compared to controls.
Fraud Charges Cast Doubt on Claims of DNA Damage From Cell Phone Fields (2008)

Broken connection. A university investigation found that data in two papers reporting DNA breakage in cells exposed to electromagnetic fields were fabricated. CREDIT: MOODBOARD/CORBIS
<b>Vulnerable Plaque</b>: The Pathology of Unstable Coronary Lesions (2002)

Vulnerable plaques have been defined as precursors to lesions that rupture. However, coronary thrombosis may occur from other lesions like plaque erosion and calcified nodules, although to a lesser frequency than rupture. Therefore, the definition of vulnerable plaque should be all-inclusive. Using descriptive terminology, the authors define the precursor lesion of plaque rupture as "thin-cap fibroatheroma" (TCFA). Morphologically, TCFAs have a necrotic core with an overlying thin fibrous cap (< 65 mm) consisting of collagen type I, which is infiltrated by macrophages. These lesions are most frequent in the coronary tree of patients dying with acute myocardial infarction and least common in those with plaque erosion. TCFAs are more common in patients with high serum total cholesterol (TC) and a high TC to high density cholesterol ratio, in women > 50 years, and in those patients with elevated levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein. TCFAs are mostly found in the proximal left anterior descending coronary arteries and less commonly in the proximal right or the proximal left circumflex coronary arteries. In TCFAs, necrotic core length is approximately 2-17 mm (mean 8 mm) and the underlying cross-sectional luminal narrowing in over 75% of cases is < 75% (< 50% diameter stenosis). The area of the necrotic core in at least 75% of cases is < or = 3 mm2. Clinical studies of TCFAs are limited as angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheters cannot precisely identify these lesions. Newer catheters and other techniques are at various stages of development and will play a significant role in the understanding of plaque progression and the development of symptomatic coronary artery disease.
Analysis of Mucosal Blood Hemoglobin Distribution in Gastric Ulcers by Computerized Color Display on Electronic Endoscopy (1991)

A technique of computerized color display was used to analyze the mucosal blood hemoglobin distribution in patients with gastric ulcers. Using an electronic endoscope, red and green images (Vr and Vg) obtained separately from the electronic endoscopic image were transferred to an image analyzer and a computer. The mucosal hemoglobin content was calculated at each pixel of the image using the formula: index of hemoglobin content = 32[log2(Vr/Vg)]. Forty endoscopy examinations were performed in 15 patients with small ulcers (less than or equal to 1 cm) in the gastric angle and 5 normal subjects. The index of hemoglobin content ranged from 24 to 40 in the normal subjects. The index for the area around an active ulcer was mostly below 33. In cases of ulcers in the healing stage it increased to more than 40. The index was still above 40 in ulcer scars in the S1 stage, but within normal range in most of the mucosa in the S2 stage. Thus, the mucosal blood hemoglobin distribution can be assessed by computerized color analysis in patients with gastric ulcers at various stages.
The Effects of Specific Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Trichoderma Spp. on the Growth of Wood Decay Basidiomycetes (2001)

Summary Previous work by Srinivasan et al. (1992) and Bruce et al. (1996) has shown that inhibition of wood decay fungi by volatile organic compounds produced by Trichoderma spp. is dependent on the type of growth media and age of the Trichoderma colony. Wheatley et al. (1997) identified five volatile organic compounds produced by Trichoderma spp. that may be inhibitory to wood decay fungi. The effects of four of these compounds (Acetone, 2-methyl-1-butanol, heptanal and octanal) were tested over a range of concentrations against four selected wood decay fungi. Fungi were incubated in malt extract broth under appropriate conditions and growth was estimated by biomass production and respiration rates. Growth of all four fungi was affected by at least one of the compounds, usually by inhibition but occasionally stimulation. All but two of the fungus/chemical combinations showed significant effects on biomass development ( P < 0.05) and fifteen of the sixteen combinations produced a significant concentration effect on respiration rates ( P < 0.05). The aldehydes, heptanal and octanal, were very effective against all four wood decay fungi. All four fungi were inhibited by more than 80% at 25 μg ml −1 by heptanal and three of the four fungi were totally inhibited at 250 μg ml −1 . Acetone did not inhibit the four wood decay fungi and even stimulated fungal growth at some concentrations. 2-methyl-1-butanol was only effective at the highest concentration of 2500 μg ml −1 . The implications of these results for the biological control of wood decay fungi and future studies are discussed.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of the Complex of 2′3′-Didehydro-2′3′-Dideoxyguanosine with Pyridine (1992)

Abstract The structure of 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxyguanosine was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis of the complex with pyridine. The two independent nucleoside molecules have similar, commonly observed glycosyl link (x = -102.3° and -94.2°) and 5′-hydroxyl (y = 54.0° and 47.6°) conformations. The five-membered rings are very planar with r.m.s. deviations from planarity of less than 0.015 A. 2′,3′-Didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine has a similar glycosyl link conformation but a different 5′-hydroxyl group orientation and a slightly less planar 5-membered ring.
Use of short-loop electrical measurements for yield improvement (1995)

Modern submicron processes are more sensitive to both random and systematic wafer-level process variation than ever before. Given the dimensional control limitations of new technologies, the amount of wafer-to-wafer and within wafer nonuniformity of many steps is becoming a significant fraction of the total error budget, which already includes the usual step-to-step allocations. However, a significant portion of the total observed variability is systematic in nature. Accordingly, particle defects may not continue to dominate parametric yield loss without improved understanding of parametric variations. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of short-loop electrical metrology to carefully characterize and decouple wafer-level variability of several critical processing steps. More specifically, we present our method and give results obtained from variability analyses for lithography critical dimension (CD) and inter-level dielectric (ILD) thickness control. Using statistically designed experiments and dedicated test structures, the main factors affecting dielectric thickness variability has been identified. The systematic variability from a wafer stepper has been extracted using a physically based statistical data filter. Once isolated, the deterministic variability can be modeled and controlled to enhance process and circuit design for manufacturability (DFM). We hope that in the future this work will be coupled with novel DFM-oriented CAD tools that encapsulate this information in a fashion that makes it useful to process and circuit designers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-cyclopropyl-3-chloroalanine (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of (E)- and (Z)-cyclopropyl-3-chloroalanineJohn M. Bland, Charles H. Stammer, and Kottayil I. VarugheseCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 9, 1634–1636Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00183a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00183a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts