gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia: the promise and the paradox. (1991)

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a particularly virulent subtype of acute myeloid leukemia that is associated with a specific chromosomal translocation, t(15;17). Patients with APL are currently being managed with cytolytic chemotherapy (usually an anthracycline in combination with arabinosylcytosine), a treatment that can induce complete remissions in 65% or more of patients and probably cure 15% or more. Exciting new clinical observations have shown that patients with APL also respond extremely well to treatment with all-trans retinoic acid, an agent which induces the leukemic promyelocytes to undergo maturation and lose their ability to proliferate. Retinoic acid by itself is not curative, but by combining it with cytolytic chemotherapy, it may be possible to cure the majority of patients with this previously fatal leukemia. Interestingly, independent molecular studies have recently revealed that the breakpoint of t(15;17) lies within the gene encoding the retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RAR-alpha) on chromosome 17q21, and that patients with APL express aberrant forms of the RAR-alpha transcript. This convergence of clinical and molecular observations, though fortuitous, is extremely important because it represents the first example of a selective form of treatment for a human leukemia that is related to a specific genetic abnormality.
Polymerization of olefins through heterogeneous catalysis. VIII. Monomer sorption effects (1990)

Abstract In solid catalyzed olefin polymerization, equilibrium sorption plays a key role in determining the local monomer concentration (s) in the semicrystalline polymer shell which surrounds the active sites of the catalyst surface. Modelling based on polymer solution thermodynamics indicates that crystallinity and reactor environment have a major effect on this local monomer concentration. The model is used to explain well known experimental trends seen in the literature, such as observed differences in gas phase and diluent slurry polymerization rates, and enhanced α‐olefin incorporation in gas phase copolymerization.
Three-dimensional power combiners (2002)

Conventional free-space power combiners consist of an array of solid-state devices loading a two-dimensional grid. Here the concept is extended to three dimensions, in which multiple grids are placed in parallel in a Fabry-Perot cavity. The advantage of this approach is that a large number of devices can be combined to produce more output power, while simultaneously improving the heat sinking and power-handling capabilities since the power is distributed over several grid surfaces. Experimental results are presented for a 5 GHz double grid oscillator with an effective radiated power 3 dB larger than that of a single grid.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Efficiency of Miscible Displacement as a Function of Mobility Ratio (1960)

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 219, 1960, pages 264–272. Paper presented at 35th Annual Fall Meeting of SPE, Oct. 2–5, 1960 in Denver, and at the California Regional Fall Meeting of SPE, Oct. 20–21, 1960 in Pasadena, Calif. Abstract Artificially consolidated sand models, representing one-quarter of a five-spot, have been developed and used to study factors affecting miscible displacement. Sweep efficiency at breakthrough, size of the mixing zone between two miscible liquids and per cent are contacted by drive after breakthrough were determined for the high mobility ratios encountered in actual reservoirs. Quantitative relationships between the degree of viscous fingering and mobility ratio were obtained by measuring the length of the fluid interface. Scaled miscible-slug experiments, supported by field evidence reported in the literature, have shown that when the slug is followed by dry gas the process is less efficient than expected. In addition to low areal sweep efficiencies encountered for high mobility ratio displacements, the effectiveness of a miscible slug is greatly reduced. This is caused by an accelerated growth of the mixing zone between the driving and the displacing fluids. Introduction Considerable interest in miscible displacement as a secondary recovery process has been shown by the oil industry in recent years. In addition to extensive laboratory investigations, numerous field operations have been initiated so that 39 miscible displacement projects had been reported in the United States by early 1959. By far the most popular approach in these projects is the use of an LPG slug followed by dry gas.
Thread-Based Live Checkpointing of Virtual Machines (2011)

Virtual machine check pointing is the mechanism to save virtual machine state to a file for later recovery. Traditional check pointing mechanisms can suffer a long delay and cause a long disruption of services since they have to stop virtual machines to save state, which could be large. In this study, a novel Thread-based Live Check pointing (TLC) mechanism is proposed. This mechanism leverages the pre-copy live migration mechanism introducing a checkpoint thread, which is responsible for the majority of the check pointing activities. While the checkpoint thread is saving the virtual machine state to persistent storage, the virtual machine thread is allowed to progress with normal execution. However, the virtual machine thread will be periodically interrupted to incrementally copy dirty memory pages to a hash table. The interruptions will occur until the final stage of check pointing is reached. This approach is implemented in KVM and its performance evaluations are conducted using NAS parallel benchmarks. Experiments show that this approach can provide high levels of virtual machine responsiveness during check pointing. It can also reduce the check pointing overheads to as low as 0.53 times of that of the traditional approach, when operating on a virtual machine running memory intensive workloads.
Effect of Inclusions on Densification: II, Numerical Model (1992)

Experimental studies conducted in conjunction with a numerical analysis of strain‐rate gradients have established the origin of the damage process that occurs upon the densification of powders containing nonsintering inclusions and reinforcements. The underlying phenomenon is the development of localized compressive strains in the porous matrix, both around high‐aspect ratio reinforcements and between closely spaced reinforcements. These regions of compression densify first and then support grain growth. This process produces nondeformable networks that constrain the shrinkage of the adjacent, porous matrix. The constraint causes desintering and cracklike void formation in the lowdensity regions. The variables shown to be of importance are the volume fraction and aspect ratio of the reinforcements. The process is shown to be sensitive to the green density, such that a high initial density reduces initial damage and lowers the differential in densification.
THE NEW POLICY (2011)

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Engineering Porous Water‐Responsive Poly(PEG/PCL/PDMS Urethane) Shape Memory Polymers (2017)

Porous and bulk water‐responsive urethane‐based shape memory polymers (SMPs) containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(caprolactone), and poly(dimethylsiloxane) are fabricated. The copolymers are processed by electrospinning to achieve porous structures. Shape fixation and recovery are achieved via the solvation and recrystallization of the hydrophilic PEG switching segment. Mechanical testing is performed to determine the SMP functionality. Water uptake rate for porous SMP is found to be higher than bulk SMP partly due to higher surface area for water contact. This enables porous structure water‐responsive SMPs to recover faster compared to bulk SMPs. The water‐responsive SMP exhibits good extents of shape fixity and shape recovery when immersed in water (≈35 °C). Different actuation times can be achieved based on the total surface area and efficiency of water‐entry into the polymer. image
KUAI-EXACT: a new approach for multi-valued logic minimization in VLSI synthesis (2003)

A new logic minimizer designed to generate the exact minimum solutions for multivalued input logic expressions is presented. The advantage of this minimizer is that it generates as few prime implicants as possible. A new algorithm is presented for directly generating essential prime implicants in a time close to that for generating a prime implicant by the ESPRESSO-MV expansion process. The authors discuss how to generate the secondary essential prime implicants in order to avoid setting up a covering table, and they present the corresponding algorithms for noncyclic functions. They also discuss the case in which a covering table should be created for obtaining an exact minimum solution and consider how to use the parallel processing techniques for the best speedup.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Domain Ontology for Time Series Provenance (2014)

Time series data are generated all the time with a volume without precedent, constituting themselves of a points sequence spread out over time, usually at time regular intervals. Time series analysis is different from data analysis, given its intrinsic nature, where observations are dependent and the observations order is important for analysis. The knowledge about the data which will be analyzed is relevant in an analysis process, but this knowledge is not always explicit and easy to interpret in many information resources. Time series can be semantically enriched where provenance information using ontologies allows to representing and inferring knowledge. The main contribution of this paper is to present a domain ontology developed by modular design for time series provenance, which adds semantic knowledge and contributes to the choice of appropriate statistical methods for an important step of time series analysis that is the trend extraction (detrending). Trend is a time series component that needs be extracted because it can hide other phenomena, as well as the most statistical methods are developed for stationary time series. With this work, is intended to contribute for semantically improving the decision making about trend extraction step, facilitating the preprocessing phase of time series analysis.
Modeling Patient-Derived Glioblastoma with Cerebral Organoids (2019)

The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains dismal, with a median survival of approximately 15 months. Current preclinical GBM models are limited by the lack of a "normal" human microenvironment and the inability of many tumor cell lines to accurately reproduce GBM biology. To address these limitations, we have established a model system whereby we can retro-engineer patient-specific GBMs using patient-derived glioma stem cells (GSCs) and human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cerebral organoids. Our cerebral organoid glioma (GLICO) model shows that GSCs home toward the human cerebral organoid and deeply invade and proliferate within the host tissue, forming tumors that closely phenocopy patient GBMs. Furthermore, cerebral organoid tumors form rapidly and are supported by an interconnected network of tumor microtubes that aids in the invasion of normal host tissue. Our GLICO model provides a system for modeling primary human GBM ex vivo and for high-throughput drug screening.
Functional Evidence that BDNF Is an Anterograde Neuronal Trophic Factor in the CNS (1998)

In this report, we have tested the hypothesis that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an anterograde neurotrophic factor in the CNS and have focused on central noradrenergic neurons that synthesize BDNF. Double-label immunocytochemistry for BDNF and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), a marker for noradrenergic neurons, demonstrated that BDNF is partially localized to noradrenergic nerve fibers and terminals in the adult rat brain. To test the functional importance of this anterograde BDNF, we analyzed transgenic mice carrying a DBH-BDNF minigene. Increased synthesis of BDNF in noradrenergic neurons of DBH-BDNF mice caused elevated TrkB tyrosine kinase activation throughout postnatal life in the neocortex, a noradrenergic target region. This afferently regulated increase in TrkB receptor activity led to long-lasting alterations in cortical morphology. To determine whether noradrenergic neuron-expressed BDNF also anterogradely regulated neuronal survival, we examined a second noradrenergic target, neonatal facial motoneurons. One week after axotomy, 72% of facial motoneurons were lost in control animals, whereas only 30-35% were lost in DBH-BDNF transgenic mice. Altogether, these results indicate that BDNF is anterogradely transported to fibers and terminals of noradrenergic neurons, that anterogradely secreted BDNF causes activation of TrkB in target regions, and that this secretion has functional consequences for target neuron survival and differentiation. This presynaptic secretion of BDNF may provide a cellular mechanism for modulating neural circuitry, in either the developing or mature nervous system.
Visible light emitting devices with Schottky contacts on silicon nanocrystals (1998)

We have fabricated light emitting diodes (LEDs) with Schottky contacts on Si-nanocrystals formed by simple techniques as used for standard Si devices. Orange electroluminescence (EL) from these LEDs could be seen with the naked eye at room temperature when a reverse bias voltage was applied. The EL spectrum has a major peak with a photon energy of 1.9 eV and a minor peak with a photon energy of 2.2 eV. Since the electrons and holes are injected into the radiative recombination centers related to nanocrystals through avalanche breakdown, the voltage needed for a visible light emission is reduced to 4.0 - 4.5 V, which is low enough to be applied by a standard Si transistor.
Treatment of Prominent and Constricted Ear Anomalies (2009)

Although the physiologic effects of ear deformity are negligible, the aesthetic and psychological impact on the patient can be profound. Significant ear malformations are prevalent in today's society and affect more than 5 percent of the population. Although the prominent ear results from either underdevelopment of the antihelix or an enlarged conchal bowl, the constricted ear is a product of helical down-folding and height deficiency. After a thorough evaluation, surgical management of the prominent ear must be approached in a careful, rational fashion. Although the surgeon may enjoy the wide latitude that hundreds of corrective techniques offer, he or she must always proceed with an algorithmic application of technique best suited to the specific auricular deformity. By using this approach, correction of the prominent ear can go beyond patient satisfaction to predictably maximize outcome in both form and symmetry. From the clinical evaluation and anatomical basis to surgical management of the deformed ear, the true art of otoplasty is in the surgeon's ability to thoroughly understand auricular structure and appropriately apply technique for maximal aesthetic outcome.
Structural Colors in Nature and Butterfly-Wing Modeling (2003)

Periodic structures, such as those found in photonic crystals, can generate iridescent colors. They allow some objects in nature, including opals, to display gleaming colors, even in the absence of pigment. Electromagnetic theory allows the phenomenon to be investigated through modeling.
FIELD FUNGI AND β-GLUCAN SOLUBILASE IN BARLEY KERNELS* (1989)

Significant amounts of β-glucan solubilase activity have been found in barleys harvested from a number of test sites. Enzyme activity appeared to be related to the climatic conditions at crop maturity, indicating that β-glucan solubilase was generated, possibly, by microflora on the barley grain. Species of the most common field fungi genera, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Epicoccum and Helminthosporium and two bacterial cultures were isolated from barley kernels and incubated on autoclaved barley for solubilase examinations. All the fungal isolates studied showed abilities to reduce the viscosity of carboxymethyl cellulose and to solubilise barley β-glucan. The molecular size distribution of the solubilised β-glucan products resembled that obtained for products formed by a partially purified preparation of solubilase from barley. It has been concluded, therefore, that the common field fungi associated with the hull and seed cot of barley may be the source of β-glucan solubilase.
Single-Stage Process for Manufacturing of Potassium Sulphate from Sodium Sulphate* (2005)

A single-stage process for the conversion of sodium sulphate (anhydrous or hydrated, of natural or anthropogenic origin) with potassium chloride in aqueous solution at 20—25 ◦ C to potassium sulphate was developed. Both reagent grade sodium sulphate and that formed as a by-product during trimethylolpropane synthesis were used as raw material. Initial reaction mixture contained less than 30 mass % of salts with the calculated mole ratios n(KCl) : n(Na2SO4) ≥ 6; n(K2SO4 : n(NaCl) ≥ 1. Resulting potassium sulphate contained about 96 mass % of K2SO4 ,0 .5 mass %o f Cl − , and 0.2 mass % of Na + . At the first stage, a mixture of potassium chloride with glaserite was separated from the mother liquor after the separation of K2SO4 through solvent evaporation followed by crystallization at temperatures ≤ 2 ◦ C. During the second stage, sodium chloride was separated from the solution obtained after the solvent evaporation and crystallization at 110 ◦ C. Both, the mixture of KCl and K3Na(SO4)2 and the remaining end-liquor were recycled to the conversion stage. Raw sodium chloride was a by-product formed in the process.
Phenotypic variation in a large Swedish pedigree due to <i>SNCA</i> duplication and triplication (2007)

Our findings extend clinical, genetic, and genealogical research on the Lister family complex. The genetic basis for familial parkinsonism is an SNCA-MMRN11 multiplication, but whereas SNCA-MMRN1 duplication in the Swedish proband (Branch J) leads to late-onset autonomic dysfunction and parkinsonism, SNCA-MMRN1 triplication in the Swedish American family (Branch I) leads to early-onset Parkinson disease and dementia.
Measuring the Usability of Mobile Applications for Phones and Tablets (2015)

The use of applications on mobile devices has reached historic levels. Using the System Usability Scale (SUS), data were collected on the usability of applications used on two kinds of mobile platforms—phones and tablets—across two general classes of operating systems, iOS and Android. Over 4 experiments, 3,575 users rated the usability of 10 applications that had been selected based on their popularity, as well as 5 additional applications that users had identified as using frequently. The average SUS rating for the top 10 apps across all platforms was 77.7, with a nearly 20-point spread (67.7–87.4) between the highest and lowest rated apps. Overall, applications on phone platforms were judged to be more usable than applications on the tablet platforms. Practitioners can use the information in this article to make better design decisions and benchmark their progress against a known universe of apps for their specific mobile platform.
Epitaxial A-Site Ordered Perovskite Manganite SmBaMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> Film on SrTiO<sub>3</sub>(001):  Fabrication, Structure, and Physical Property (2007)

An A-site ordered perovskite manganite SmBaMn2O6-δ film was fabricated by means of an excimer laser-assisted metal−organic deposition (ELAMOD) and epitaxially grown on a SrTiO3(001) substrate. The SmBaMn2O6-δ film was crystallized in [010]- and [001]-oriented domains that were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and cross-section transmittance electron microscopy (TEM). The A-site ordered structure formed at 500 °C under KrF laser irradiation at a laser fluence of 140 mJ/cm2 for 60 min in an Ar flow, whereas disordered A-site cations formed under laser irradiation at fluences less than 120 mJ/cm2 and/or in an oxygen atmosphere. A SmBaMn2O6 film was obtained by oxygen annealing of the as-prepared SmBaMn2O6-δ film at 500 °C for 3 h. The effects of structural strain due to the substrate on the physical properties of the SmBaMn2O6 film are discussed in terms of the results of structural analysis and electrical resistivity data. The electrical resistivity for the SmBaMn2O6 film on SrTiO3(001) show insulating behavior without a first-order charge/orbital order (CO) transition caused by constraint of lattice change associated with the CO because of the undeformable substrate lattice. The ELAMOD process is expected to serve as a new key technique for the fabrication of A-site ordered perovskite manganite thin films.
Development of a Polycarbonate Fast Neutron Dosimeter and Comparison With the Conventional Emulsion Dosimeter (1980)

The practical application of a polycarbonate as a dosimeter for high energy neutrons is presented. The efficiency of this dosimeter in the energy range of 1–14 MeV was measured with monoenergetic neutrons produced by the 7Li(p, n) 7Be and t(d, n) 4He reactions and with neutrons from 252Cf and 239Pu-Be sources. The electrochemical etching technique for enlarging the damage sites produced by the neutrons, the background of unirradiated polycarbonate foils and the dose thresholds for various energies were investigated. The replacement of the conventional emulsion dosimeter by the polycarbonate dosimeter in the Israel National Badge Service is described.
PREVENTION OF PREFERENTIAL BRIDGE ICING USING HEAT PIPES (1976)

This report describes the results of a 27 month analytical and test program to investigate the use of heat pipes and renewable energy sources (specifically earth heat) to avoid the preferential freezing of highway bridge decks. Based on computer simulations of typical preferential icing events (days), a single system design is recommended for most U.S. locations. This design consists of nominal 0.5 inch heat pipes at the slab mid-plane, on 23 cm centers, connected to nominal 2 inch heat pipes in the ground via a pumped fluid loop, with 1 m of earth heat pipe provided for every 0.3 square meters of bridge deck. The report also provides preliminary assessment of the design requirements and costs of an alternative, solar collector design; it concludes that the solar collector design may offer economic advantages over the earth heat pipe system, and thus should be investigated further.
A Fluorescence Lifetime Distribution Measurement System Based on Phase-Resolved Detection Using an Image Dissector Tube (1989)

A new phase-resolved two-dimensional fluorescence measurement system using an image dissector tube (IDT) has been developed. The gain control characteristics of the blanking electrode (located between the aperture plate and the first dynode of the IDT) are utilized to allow heterodyne detection with low-voltage control signals. Heterodyning the modulated fluorescence and reference signals at the blanking electrode of the IDT provides high-frequency response up to 1 GHz, in contrast to the 20 MHz bandwidth of the dynode chain due to electron transit time spread. Significant improvement of time resolution is observed. Fluorescence intensity and lifetime data are derived from the dc and ac components of the phase-resolved signals, respectively. Two-dimensional measurements can be performed by electronically scanning images within the IDT. Details of the instrumental system and typical fluorescence lifetime distribution measurements are presented.