gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A self-adjusting flash translation layer for resource-limited embedded systems (2010)

The capacity of flash memory storage systems has been growing at a speed similar to many other storage systems. In order to properly manage the product cost, vendors face serious challenges in resource-limited embedded systems. In this article, a self-adjusting flash translation layer is proposed with low memory requirements. The objective of the design is to provide efficient address mapping and low garbage collection overhead, while controlling main memory usage of the flash translation layer. The capability of the design is evaluated over realistic workloads and benchmarks. System performance is also guaranteed under low memory requirements.
Duplication of the Brassica oleracea APETALA1floral homeotic gene and the evolution of domesticated cauliflower (1999)

Development of the cauliflower phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana requires mutations at both the CAULIFLOWER and APETALA1 loci. BoAP1 is the Brassica oleracea orthologue to the Arabidopsis AP1 gene, and is present in two copies in Brassica genomes. The BoAP1-A gene appears to encode a full-length protein, but BoAP1-B alleles in B. oleracea contain insertions that lead to premature translation termination. The BoAP1-B allele found in most B. oleracea subspecies, including B. oleracea ssp. botrytis (domesticated cauliflower) contains a 9 bp insertion in exon 4. This insertion leads to the formation of an in-frame translation termination codon, and these alleles can encode a protein that is truncated at the K domain of this MADS-box transcriptional activator. The allele in B. oleracea ssp. oleracea (wild cabbage) lacks this insertion and instead contains a downstream 4 bp frameshift mutation resulting in the formation of a nonsense mutation. The structure of the BoAP1-B alleles suggests that they are impaired in their ability to perform their floral meristem identity function. These mutations, in conjunction with mutations at the BoCAULIFLOWER (BoCAL) locus, may be associated with the evolution of domesticated cauliflower.
Localization of epitopes for monoclonal antibodies to urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (2001)

We localized the epitopes for several murine mAbs to human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) by Ala scanning mutagenesis and related the localization to the effects of the mAbs on the molecular interactions of uPA. Several antibodies against the serine proteinase domain (SPD) were found to have overlapping epitopes composed of variable combinations of Arg178, Arg179, His180, Arg181, Tyr209, Lys211, and Asp214 in the so-called 37-loop and 60-loop, located near the active site and taking part in the binding of uPA to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Besides inhibiting uPA-catalysed plasminogen activation, all antibodies to SPD strongly delayed the binding of uPA to PAI-1, decreasing the second-order rate constant 15- to 6500-fold. There was no correlation between the relative effects of the 37-loop and 60-loop substitutions on the second-order rate constant and on the binding of the antibodies, indicating that the antibodies did not delay complex formation by blocking residues of specific importance for the uPA-PAI-1 reaction, but rather by steric hindrance of the access of PAI-1 to the active site. The affinity of the SPD antibodies for the uPA-PAI-1 complex was only slightly lower than that for free uPA, indicating that the 37-loop and 60-loop are exposed in the complex. The epitopes for two antibodies to the kringle included Arg108, Arg109, and Arg110. The ability of these antibodies to block the binding of uPA to polyanions correlated with a reduced uPA-polyanion affinity after substitution of the three Arg residues.
<title>Robust video compression for time-varying wireless channels</title> (1998)

We investigate joint source-channel coding for transmission of video over time-varying channels. We assume that the channel state is known at the receiver, but only statistical description of the time varying nature of the channel is available at the transmitter. A multimode coder is proposed to efficiently quantize the input video, and generate a quasi fixed-length bit stream of unequal importance. We vary the error protection offered to the individual bits, by matching it to both its importance, and the channel noise statistics. Based on the channel state, the decoder makes the best estimate of the source vector from the received codeword. We present a design algorithm which optimizes the overall rate- distortion performance of the system. Simulations results show that the proposed system outperforms a reference scheme where the multimode (source) codes and the channel codes were designed separately. Further, both the multimode coding schemes provide substantial gains over fixed length JSCC coding.
Renal Artery Stenosis: CT Angiography—Comparison of Real-time Volume-rendering and Maximum Intensity Projection Algorithms (1999)

PURPOSE: To compare results of helical computed tomographic (CT) angiography with real-time interactive volume rendering (VR) to CT angiography with maximum intensity projection (MIP) for the detection of renal artery stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients underwent both conventional and CT angiography of the renal arteries. Images were blindly reviewed after rendering with MIP and VR algorithms. MIP images were viewed in conjunction with axial CT images; VR models were evaluated in real time at the workstation without CT images. Findings in 50 main and 11 accessory renal arteries were categorized as normal or by degree of stenosis. RESULTS: All arteries depicted on conventional angiograms were visualized on MIP and VR images. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for MIP and VIR images demonstrated excellent discrimination for the diagnosis of stenosis of at least 50% (area under the ROC curve, 0.96–0.99). Although sensitivity was not significantly different for VR and MIP (89% vs 94%, P > .1), specificity was greater with VR (99% vs 87%, P = .008 to .08). Stenosis of at least 50% was overestimated with CT angiography in four accessory renal arteries, but three accessory renal arteries not depicted at conventional angiography were depicted at CT angiography. CONCLUSION: In the evaluation of renal artery stenosis, CT angiography with VR is faster and more accurate than CT angiography with MIP. Accessory arteries not depicted with conventional angiography were depicted with both CT angiographic algorithms.
A probabilistic acoustic map based discriminative HMM training (2002)

A hidden Markov model (HMM) training procedure is proposed for improving the discriminative power of a maximum-likelihood (ML)-based HMM. The discriminative HMM consists of two component models, a master model and a slave model. The master model is the conventional ML model. The slave model is obtained by aligning training tokens of a word with all but the correct word master models. All models are trained by projecting acoustic observations onto a set of common probabilistic basis functions, which is called a probabilistic acoustic map, and the output probability of a model is represented as a weighted sum of the basis functions. The proposed algorithm was tested on a 39-word, alpha-digit database of 100 speakers (50 male and 50 female). Specifically, the highly confusable E-set words were separately tested. Experimental results indicate that the new training procedure improved the recognition accuracy of the E-set words by 4.3% and of all 39 words by 3.6%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of interchannel crosstalk on array performance (1989)

It is shown that interchannel crosstalk can always be eliminated before the channel signals enter the beamformer, provided crosstalk levels do not exceed a maximum permissible upper bound and are known exactly. The crosstalk upper bound (in decibels) is shown to be −20 log N, where N is the number of channels in the array. The beam pattern of a general array with arbitrary crosstalk levels, steered in any direction, is derived. Sample beam patterns are presented for arrays of 50 and 100 elements. Expected, or average, beam patterns are derived for interchannel crosstalk coefficients modeled as statistically independent random variables. It is shown that pointing error can occur when crosstalk has nonzero mean. It is also shown how to correct for nonzero mean crosstalk before the signals enter the beamformer, provided these means are known.
The role of omega-3 fatty acids contained in olive oil on chronic inflammation. (2011)

Nowadays, people have been eating lots of unhealthy dietary excesses, that make them have chronic inflammatory diseases or known as chronic diseases. Countless millions of people worldwide can not help eating selectively massive quantities of unhealthy foods, until they become sick, often mortality. The omega-6 fatty acids account for the majority of PUFA (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids) in the food supply. They are the pre-dominant PUFA in all diets, especially the western diets, which produce pro-inflammatory metabolic products. The persistent antigenic or cytotoxic effects will lead to chronic inflammation. Olive tree is native to the Mediterranean basin and parts of Asia Minor. Its compression-extracted oil from the fruit has a wide range of therapeutic and culinary applications. It had been used as aphrodisiacs, emollients, laxatives, nutritives, sedatives, and tonics. In the later part of the 20th century, several studies had revealed that the olives in the Mediteranian diet is linked to a reduced incidence of degenerative diseases. It is one of phytomedicine which has omega-3 fatty acid as its constituent, may inhibit inflammation composing chronic inflammatory process in many chronic diseases, such as coronary artery disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, and even cancer.
Induction of Mutants of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> 100 with Increased Ability to Produce Enterotoxin A (1971)

As a result of serial exposures to a mutagenic agent, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, the yield of enterotoxin A produced by the last mutant in the series was increased nearly 20-fold over the amount produced by the parent Staphylococcus aureus 100.
Skin Irritation and Dryness Associated With Two Hand-Hygiene Regimens: Soap-and-Water Hand Washing Versus Hand Antisepsis With an Alcoholic Hand Gel (2000)

Hand antisepsis with an alcoholic-hand-gel regimen was well tolerated and did not result in skin irritation and dryness of nurses' hands. In contrast, skin irritation and dryness increased significantly when nurses washed their hands with the unmedicated soap product available in the hospital. Newer alcoholic hand gels that are tolerated better than soap may be more acceptable to staff and may lead to improved hand-hygiene practices.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of the Layered Compound of α-Zirconium Hydrophosphate (2001)

Crystalline samples of α zirconium hydrophosphate (abbreviated as α ZrP) were prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD, IR, TEM and TG DSC. There are highly crystalline with an interlayer distance of 7.63? and hexagonal flakes in α ZrP. Meanwhile, it is shown that α ZrP possesses a high thermal stability. The optimum experimental condition for hydrothermal method is at 180℃in 5M～10M phosphoric acid beyond 48 hours.
The Role of Sargramostim (rhGM-CSF) as Immunotherapy (2007)

GM-CSF stimulates the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors to monocytes and neutrophils, and reduces the risk for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients. GM-CSF also has been shown to induce the differentiation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) that promote the development of T-helper type 1 (cellular) immune responses in cognate T cells. This review summarizes some of the immunological effects of GM-CSF relevant to antitumor immunity in cancer patients. GM-CSF has been used to augment the activity of rituximab in patients with follicular lymphoma and to induce autologous antitumor immunity in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. GM-CSF causes upregulation of costimulatory molecule expression on leukemia blasts in vitro, enhancing their ability to present antigen to allogeneic T cells, and, in combination with interferon-alpha, can induce antitumor immune responses in patients whose acute leukemia has relapsed following allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant. Tumor cells engineered to secrete GM-CSF are particularly effective as antitumor vaccines, and the addition of GM-CSF to standard vaccines may increase their effectiveness by recruiting DCs to the site of vaccination. However, a significant limitation in the use of GM-CSF as an immunostimulatory agent is that objective antitumor responses are infrequent, and are often not durable. Effective and durable antitumor immunity will likely require novel methods to eliminate counterregulatory immune responses that limit activation and expansion of cytotoxic T cells with antitumor activity.
A Sensitive Electronic Photoreceptor (1985)

The photoreceptors in biological systems give meaningful outputs over about six orders of magnitude of illumination intensity. If we are to build an electronic vision system that is truly useful, it must have a similar dynamic range. The elements of an electronic receptor with many orders of magnitude dynamic range are described below. Experimental\ndevices were fabricated in p-well cMOS bulk technology through the MOSIS foundry; npn phototransistors with collector connected to substrate are a byproduct of this process. The n-type bulk forms the collector, the p-well is the base, and the n+ diffusion the emitter. In a\ntypical process, a large transistor of this sort has a current gain β of more than a thousand. Smaller transistors have lower current gains, but are still respectable. The key to very sensitive receptors is to use the current\ngain of this very clean bipolar transistor before subjecting the signal to any noise from subsequent amplification stages.
Metal Reduction and Iron Biomineralization by a Psychrotolerant Fe(III)-Reducing Bacterium, <i>Shewanella</i> sp. Strain PV-4 (2006)

A marine psychrotolerant, dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium, Shewanella sp. strain PV-4, from the microbial mat at a hydrothermal vent of Loihi Seamount in the Pacific Ocean has been further characterized, with emphases on metal reduction and iron biomineralization. The strain is able to reduce metals such as Fe(III), Co(III), Cr(VI), Mn(IV), and U(VI) as electron acceptors while using lactate, formate, pyruvate, or hydrogen as an electron donor. Growth during iron reduction occurred over the pH range of 7.0 to 8.9, a sodium chloride range of 0.05 to 5%, and a temperature range of 0 to 37 degrees C, with an optimum growth temperature of 18 degrees C. Unlike mesophilic dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, which produce mostly superparamagnetic magnetite (<35 nm), this psychrotolerant bacterium produces well-formed single-domain magnetite (>35 nm) at temperatures from 18 to 37 degrees C. The genome size of this strain is about 4.5 Mb. Strain PV-4 is sensitive to a variety of commonly used antibiotics except ampicillin and can acquire exogenous DNA (plasmid pCM157) through conjugation.
Yeast plasmids resembling 2 micron DNA: regional similarities and diversities at the molecular level (1987)

The nucleotide sequence of two Zygosaccharomyces plasmids, pSB2 (5,415 base pairs), isolated from Zygosaccharomyces bailii, and pSM1 (5,416 base pairs), isolated from Zygosaccharomyces fermentati Naganishi, was determined. The predicted amino acid sequences of open reading frames among six yeast plasmids that resemble 2 microns DNA indicated regional sequence similarities among FLP proteins. Greater similarities were seen among Zygosaccharomyces plasmids (pSB2, pSB3, pSR1, and pSM1) than other combinations. A putative recognition site for the FLP enzyme of a Zygosaccharomyces plasmid also showed some conservation, especially in the 4 nucleotides flanking the central spacer region. From comparative studies of the sequences of putative genes of each plasmid, we propose an apparent phylogenetic relationship among yeast plasmids resembling 2 micron DNA. Among the Zygosaccharomyces plasmids, pSB2 and pSR1 are most closely related, since not only were the FLP enzymes of these two plasmids most closely related, but also the amino acid sequence of the putative P gene of pSR1 showed clear homology with that of open reading frame B of pSB2.
Styryl-Telechelic Polyisobutylenes. I. Synthesis of Linear and Tri-Arm Star Styryl-Telechelic Polyisobutylenes (1984)

Abstract New linear and three-arm star polyisobutylenes carrying two and three terminal styryl endgroups, i.e., Fn = 2.0 and 3.0, respectively, have been prepared. The synthesis of these styryl-telechelic polyisobutylenes involved Friedel-Crafts alkylation by linear and/or three-arm star polyisobutylenes carrying tertiary chlorine endgroups of (2-bromoethyl)benzene or /β-bromoisopropylbenzene followed by de-hydrobromination. According to model studies, 1H-NMR, and UV spectroscopy, the conversions are essentially quantitative. These new terminally di- and tri-styrenated polyisobutylenes may be useful for the preparation of block copolymers and as cross-linking materials.
A Combination of Intrastromal and Intracameral Injections of Amphotericin B in the Treatment of Severe Fungal Keratitis (2016)

<i>Purpose</i>. To evaluate the efficacy of a combination of intrastromal and intracameral injections of amphotericin B in the treatment of severe recalcitrant fungal keratitis. <i>Methods</i>. Patients with severe fungal keratitis who were resistant to conventional antifungal medical treatments and needed potential surgical intervention were recruited at the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University between January 2012 and July 2013. The patients were treated with a combination of intrastromal and intracameral injections of amphotericin B (25 <i>μ</i>g/mL and 50 <i>μ</i>g/mL, resp.). Selectively repeated injections were performed as necessary. The efficacy, complications, and outcome were evaluated. <i>Results</i>. Nine patients (9 eyes) were involved in this study. All 9 cases responded favorably, and the clinical appearance of serious corneal damage and intraocular extension was resolved after the treatment. Four eyes required only 1 injection, and 5 eyes required repeated injections. Seven corneal ulcers healed with leucoma, and 2 healed with adherent leucoma. All of our cases had a marked increase in the anterior chamber reaction and pain immediately after the injection. There was no obvious clinical evidence of corneal or lenticular toxicity in any patient. <i>Conclusions</i>. A combination of intrastromal and intracameral injections of amphotericin B may be safe and effective for the treatment of severe fungal keratitis that is resistant to conventional therapy.
Developing a ReSTful mixed reality web service platform (2010)

This paper discusses the development of a ReSTful Web Service platform for serving Mixed Reality content at Nokia Research Center. The paper gives an overview of the Mixed Reality domain, the requirements for the platform and its implementation. We further outline a method for developing resource oriented web services, beginning with high-level requirements, formalizing them as UML models and refining them to a ReSTful API specification. The approach is demonstrated with detailed examples of designing one particular API subset for Mixed Reality annotations.
Design, fabrication, and measurement of RF IDTs for efficient coupling to wavelength-scale structures in thin piezoelectric films (2013)

Transducers are designed and fabricated that produce a Gaussian acoustic beam in a 750 nm thick suspended aluminum nitride membrane. The properties of the acoustic beam formed by the transducer are studied by means of a scanning confocal balanced homodyne interferometer, which we use for Doppler vibrometery. We also study the RF transmission properties of the acoustic beams as they interact with sub-wavelength aperture waveguides.
Melittin suppresses tumor progression by regulating tumor-associated macrophages in a Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model (2017)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are a major component of tumor stroma. It has been reported that TAMs have M2-like phenotype and facilitate tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis and immunosuppression. Melittin, a major polypeptide of bee venom, has been widely studied as an anti-cancer drug due to its cytotoxicity to malignant cells. However, very little is known regarding the effect of melittin on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. This study focuses on the effect of melittin on TAMs in a Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model. Melittin inhibited the rapid tumor growth compared to the control <i>in vivo</i>. Melittin increased the M1/M2 ratio of TAMs by selectively reducing the number of CD206<sup>+</sup> M2-like TAMs while not altering the population of CD86<sup>+</sup> M1-like TAMs. Melittin also preferentially binds to M2 macrophages, and this binding was not associated with phagocytosis. Gene and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) and mannose receptor C type 1 (Mrc1/CD206) was reduced in M2-like bone marrow-derived macrophages by melittin treatment, but there was no significant change in the gene level of Vegf and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt1/VEGFR1) in tumor cells <i>in vitro</i>. Additionally, the levels of VEGF and CD31, markers of angiogenesis, were significantly decreased by melittin treatment in tumor tissues. This study revealed a novel role for melittin in tumor treatment and suggested that melittin could be a promising therapeutic agent for targeting M2-like TAMs.
Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Myopia in 6-Year-Olds (1999)

Results suggest that the prevalence of myopia in 6-year-old children is associated with both hereditary and nonhereditary factors. In accord with prior work, the results argue that low birth weight has a permanent influence upon eye development.
Analysis of immunoglobulin genes: DNA/RNA hybridization with immunoglobulin kappa-chain mRNA and isolation and translation of hybridized RNA. (1976)

Immunoglobulin kappa-chain mRNA was hybridized with DNA in order to assess the kappa-gene frequency. Kappa-mRNA was purified from membrane-bound ribosomes of mouse myeloma MOPC-41 by poly (U) chromatography and isolation of a 13S RNA by successive sucrose density gradient centrifugations. The RNA coded for kappa-chain precursor molecules in cell-free protein synthesis and essentially no other proteins. MOPC-41 kappa-mRNA hybridized with MOPC-41, MPC-11, and Krebs DNA with the same kinetics: the majority of the hybrids was formed with rare or unique DNA sequences (Cot/2 450 to 900), a small portion with highly repetitive sequences (Cot/2 5--6). The slow hybrids were well matched and the rapid hybrids were mismatched by about 4%, regardless of the DNA used. It was further investigated whether the rapid hybrids contained translatable kappa-mRNA or were due to impurities in the RNA preparations. Kappa-mRNA and globin-mRNA (as an internal standard for a unique transcript) were hybridized with DNA to Cot 20 or 48, the hybridized and unhybridized RNA were isolated by hydroxyopatite-urea chromatography and, after removal of the DNA, translated in a cell-free system. The cell-free products were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation. It was found that approximately equal quantities of translatable kappa- and globin-mRNA were hybridized maximally 1.7%). The results do not support the hypothesis that kappa-mRNA is a transcript of both repetitive and unique DNA sequences.