gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Embryonic Diapause and Life Cycle in the Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria L. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), in Kyoto (1994)

Conditions for induction and completion of embryonic diapause by Locusta migratoria were identified in laboratory experiments, and the life cycle was studied by field observations in Kyoto, Japan. Afield survey showed that hoppers appeared from May to September and that adults appeared from June to December. Females collected in the field laid nondiapause eggs in June and July and diapause eggs from September to November. In the laboratory, females laid nondiapause and diapause eggs in long and short photoperiods, respectively; the critical photoperiod at 30°C was between 13.5L-10.5D and 14L-10D. When the photoperiod to which females were exposed was changed either from long to short or short to long, the percent diapause eggs produced changed according to the shift. Oviposition was suppressed in some females exposed to long photoperiods. Embryonic diapause tended to be prevented when eggs destined for diapause were incubated at high temperatures. Embryonic diapause was completed at 25°C after eggs were kept at 5°C for 4 months or at 15°C for 2 months. L. migratoria seemed to be mostly bivoltine but partly univoltine in Kyoto.
Improved compensation for a reduction stepper to meet the challenges for advanced packaging applications (2013)

Advanced packaging manufacturers require steppers that will provide solutions for the challenges encountered with new advances in wafer-level packaging technologies such as TSV, eWLB, silicon and glass interposers being utilized in leading edge mobile devices. Step and repeat photolithography systems capable of finer imaging with tighter overlay are being introduced to meet the challenging manufacturing requirements associated with the mix and match needed for volume production on larger wafers. A 2X reduction stepper with unique features incorporated that extend the range of compensation is necessary to achieve the tighter specifications needed for many advanced packaging applications printed on 300 to 450mm wafers. A high throughput projection optical system is used to expose circuit patterns from a reticle mask onto a substrate to image features with the optimal fidelity required for advanced packaging technologies. The camera incorporates 350–450nm light from a mercury arc lamp that is transmitted through the mask containing circuit patterns. The imaging field prints a large 52mm × 66mm area in a single exposure. These features enable a system to process wafers in fewer shots which result in higher throughput using lower power. Substrates are positioned with a precise X, Y, Θ stage by locating marks using an off-axis, bright field alignment system with fully trainable mark feature capability. The approach results in precisely placed features within a layer and from layer to layer without directly referencing the reticle. The integrated metrology and precision positioning subsystem technologies are combined with a low distortion projection lens and a wide range of adjustments, allowing the stepper to be integrated into a production line in a mix and match setup with other lithography systems. This equipment can be used to image critical layers on substrates while ensuring grid registration and alignment with other lithography systems that are also printing images in the same process line. Several important global and intra-field image placement relationships for devices requiring multiple layer patterning have been combined in the stepper matching correction software. Further adjustment to the tool can be made to improve overlay when incorporated with fab-wide yield management software for automated, real-time process control. The types of adjustments needed and techniques that can be applied to compensate for image placement errors over large areas are discussed.
Studies on the Outflow Tracts of the Liver I. On a Method for the Functional Demonstration of the Outflow Tracts of the Liver and its Application to the Study of Hepatic Hemodynamics in Normal and Cirrhotic Rats (1962)

MORENO, AUGUSTO H. M.D.; ROUSSELOT, LOUIS M. M.D.; BURCHELL, ALBERT R. M.D.; BONO, RUDOLPH F. M.D.; BURKE, JEAN HOPE A.B. Author Information
Solubilization of active opiate receptors. (1980)

Receptors that reversibly bind opiates and opioid peptides have been solubilized from brain and neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell NG108-15 membranes. Active receptors are specifically solubilized with a new type of detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate, which is a zwitterionic derivative of cholic acid. The solubilized receptor complexes behave as large molecules with a Stokes radius of 70 A and contain protein as an essential constituent.
Event-by-Event Image Reconstruction From List-Mode PET Data (2008)

This paper adapts the classical list-mode OSEM and the globally convergent list-mode COSEM methods to the special case of singleton subsets. The image estimate is incrementally updated for each coincidence event measured by the PET scanner. Events are used as soon as possible to improve the current image estimate, and, therefore, the convergence speed toward the maximum-likelihood solution is accelerated. An alternative online formulation of the list-mode COSEM algorithm is proposed first. This method saves memory resources by re-computing previous incremental image contributions while processing a new pass over the complete dataset. This online expectation-maximization principle is applied to the list-mode OSEM method, as well. Image reconstructions have been performed from a simulated dataset for the NCAT torso phantom and from a clinical dataset. Results of the classical and event-by-event list-mode algorithms are discussed in a systematic and quantitative way.
Reduction of scatter in breast CT yields improved microcalcification visibility (2020)

The inadequate visibility of microcalcifications-small calcium deposits that cue radiologists to early stages of cancer-is a major limitation in current designs of dedicated breast computed tomography (bCT). This limitation has previously been attributed to the constituent components, spatial resolution, and utilized dose. Scattered radiation has been considered an occurrence with low-frequency impacts that can be compensated for in post-processing. We hypothesized, however, that the acquisition of scattered radiation has a far more detrimental impact on clinically relevant features than has previously been understood. Critically, acquisition of scatter leads to the reduced visibility of microcalcifications. This hypothesis was investigated and supported via mathematical derivations and simulation studies. We conducted a series of comparative studies in which four bCT systems were simulated under iso-dose and iso-resolution conditions, characterizing the dependencies of microcalcification contrast on accumulated scatter. Included among the simulated systems is a novel bCT design-narrow beam bCT (NB-bCT)-that captures nearly zero scatter. We find that current bCT systems suffer from significant levels of scatter. As validated in theory, depending on the system and size of microcalcifications, between 25% and over 70% of contrast resolution is lost due to scatter. The results in NB-bCT, however, provide evidence that by removing scatter build-up in projections, the contrast of microcalcifications in a bCT image is preserved, regardless of their size or location in the breast.
Exploring the substrate specificity of OxyB, a phenol coupling P450 enzyme involved in vancomycin biosynthesis (2008)

OxyB is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the first oxidative phenol coupling reaction during vancomycin biosynthesis. The preferred substrate is a linear peptide linked as a C-terminal thioester to a peptide carrier protein (PCP) domain of the glycopeptide antibiotic non-ribosomal peptide synthetase. Previous studies have shown that OxyB can efficiently oxidize a model hexapeptide-PCP conjugate (R-Leu(1)-R-Tyr(2)-S-Asn(3)-R-Hpg(4)-R-Hpg(5)-S-Tyr(6)-S-PCP) (Hpg = 4-hydroxyphenylglycine) into a macrocyclic product by phenolic coupling of the aromatic rings in residues-4 and -6. In this work, the substrate specificity of OxyB has been explored using a series of N-terminally truncated peptides related in sequence to this model hexapeptide-PCP conjugate. Deletion of one or three residues from the N-terminus afforded a penta- (Ac-Tyr-Asn-Hpg-Hpg-Tyr-S-PCP) and a tri- (Ac-Hpg-Hpg-Tyr-S-PCP) peptide that were also efficiently transformed into the corresponding macrocyclic cross-linked product by OxyB. The tripeptide, representing the core of the macrocycle in vancomycin created by OxyB, is thus sufficient, as a thioester with the PCP domain, for phenol coupling to occur. The related tetrapeptide-PCP thioester was not cyclized by OxyB, neither was a related model hexapeptide containing tryptophan in place of tyrosine-6, nor were tripeptides (related to the natural product K-13) with the sequence Ac-Tyr-Tyr-Tyr-S-PCP cross-linked by OxyB.
Cost of care of haemophilia with inhibitors (2009)

Summary. In Western countries, the treatment of patients with inhibitors is presently the most challenging and serious issue in haemophilia management, direct costs of clotting factor concentrates accounting for >98% of the highest economic burden absorbed for the healthcare of patients in this setting. Being designed to address questions of resource allocation and effectiveness, decision models are the golden standard to reliably assess the overall economic implications of haemophilia with inhibitors in terms of mortality, bleeding‐related morbidity, and severity of arthropathy. However, presently, most data analyses stem from retrospective short‐term evaluations, that only allow for the analysis of direct health costs. In the setting of chronic diseases, the cost‐utility analysis, that takes into account the beneficial effects of a given treatment/healthcare intervention in terms of health‐related quality of life, is likely to be the most appropriate approach. To calculate net benefits, the quality adjusted life year, that significantly reflects such health gain, has to be compared with specific economic impacts. Differences in data sources, in medical practice and/or in healthcare systems and costs, imply that most current pharmacoeconomic analyses are confined to a narrow healthcare payer perspective. Long‐term/lifetime prospective or observational studies, devoted to a careful definition of when to start a treatment; of regimens (dose and type of product) to employ, and of inhibitor population (children/adults, low‐responding/high responding inhibitors) to study, are thus urgently needed to allow for newer insights, based on reliable data sources into resource allocation, effectiveness and cost‐utility analysis in the treatment of haemophiliacs with inhibitors.
An Observation of X-ray Variation in Cygnus X-1 (1973)

Theoretically, hibernation induction trigger could be administered to donors before lung harvest in an effort to extend lung preservation times.
Fast pH- and Ionic Strength-Responsive Hydrogels in Microchannels (2001)

A simple method for the preparation of pH- and ionic strength-sensitive hydrogels that exhibit fast response times is described. Patterned hydrogel objects were prepared inside microchannels by photopolymerization of monomer mixtures containing water and surfactant. The swelling process, initiated by an abrupt change in pH, exhibited second-order kinetics. Compared to conventional hydrogels synthesized from a neat monomer mixture alone, the new hydrogels swell and shrink faster by approximately one order of magnitude. Fully swollen hydrogels prepared from mixtures containing water and surfactant were observed to be sensitive to ionic strength changes. The effects of cross-linking density and acrylic acid composition on the response rate were investigated and were found to have little effect on response times. The fast response was thus attributed to the porous structure generated from the surfactant phase template during the polymerization.
Haematological values from a Gambian cohort – possible reference range for a West African population (2008)

The objective of this study was to establish haematological reference ranges for the West African subregion using a Gambian cohort. We analysed full blood counts from 1279 subjects aged > or =1 year. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed. Haematological mean values, medians and 90% reference values were calculated and related to malnutrition in children and thinness and/or obesity in adults. Haemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) significantly increased with age (P < 0.00001). There were gender-related changes in Hb from 15 years of age (P = 0.001) and for MCV only in adults (P = 0.0002). Hb was significantly reduced in underweight and stunted children (P = 0.0001 and 0.0002, respectively) but was unaffected by thinness or obesity in adults. White blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts were highest under 5 years and declined significantly with age (P < 0.0001 and 0.0001). While, there were no gender-related differences with WBC, there were higher WBC counts in underweight (P = 0.0001) and stunted (P < 0.0001) children. Adult females had significantly higher mean platelet counts compared with males (P = 0.006). The mean and median values of haematological parameters in The Gambia are similar to other standards but the 90% reference range for each parameter encompasses lower values when compared with Western standards.
Wide-Line Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Sulfur-33 in Minerals (1968)

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 33S in solid samples were obtained for the first time. Although the natural abundance of 33S is quite low (0.74 percent), good signals were obtained for sphalerite (ZnS) and pyrrhotite (Fe1−xS). In addition, separate signals were obtained for the first time for a binary mixture of sulfur compounds (sulfur dissolved in liquid CS2).
Electrophoresis in lyotropic polymer liquid crystals (1998)

Excellent electrophoretic separations of a variety of biological molecules can be accomplished by using uncharged, triblock copolymers as the "gel" media. These copolymers form uncrosslinked, lyotropic liquid crystalline phases of large micelles between which molecules must travel. Unlike crosslinked hydrogels in common use, these alternative media have highly ordered internal structures. Pluronic F127, representative of the copolymer class, contains poly(ethylene oxide) (EO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PO) units with an approximate molecular formula (EO)106(PO)70(EO)106. Concentrated (18-30%) solutions of Pluronic F127 are freely flowing liquids at low temperature (0-5 degrees C) but form gel-like, cubic liquid crystals of large, spherical micelles when warmed. The utility of these media is illustrated by separations of linear, double-stranded DNA up to 3,000 bp long by conventional electrophoresis, and of single-stranded DNAs from 4 to 60 nt long by capillary electrophoresis. Extraordinary separations of supercoiled DNAs were also obtained by capillary electrophoresis. The versatility, availability, and ease of use of Pluronic polymers offer major advantages over conventional media for preparative and high performance analytical separations of nucleic acids and other biomolecules. Mechanisms of molecular transport and separation operating in polymer liquid crystals must differ in fundamental ways from those in crosslinked gels. Lyotropic polymer liquid crystals are unique systems for elucidating mechanisms of macromolecule migration in ordered, dense media, and provide opportunities in separations science.
A clade C HIV-1 vaccine protects against heterologous SHIV infection by modulating IgG glycosylation and T helper response in macaques (2022)

The rising global HIV-1 burden urgently requires vaccines capable of providing heterologous protection. Here, we developed a clade C HIV-1 vaccine consisting of priming with modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) and boosting with cyclically permuted trimeric gp120 (CycP-gp120) protein, delivered either orally using a needle-free injector or through parenteral injection. We tested protective efficacy of the vaccine against intrarectal challenges with a pathogenic heterologous clade C SHIV infection in rhesus macaques. Both routes of vaccination induced a strong envelope-specific IgG in serum and rectal secretions directed against V1V2 scaffolds from a global panel of viruses with polyfunctional activities. Envelope-specific IgG showed lower fucosylation compared with total IgG at baseline, and most of the vaccine-induced proliferating blood CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells did not express CCR5 and α4β7, markers associated with HIV target cells. After SHIV challenge, both routes of vaccination conferred significant and equivalent protection, with 40% of animals remaining uninfected at the end of six weekly repeated challenges with an estimated efficacy of 68% per exposure. Induction of envelope-specific IgG correlated positively with G1FB glycosylation, and G2S2F glycosylation correlated negatively with protection. Vaccine-induced TNF-α<sup>+</sup> IFN-γ<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and TNF-α<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells expressing low levels of CCR5 in the rectum at prechallenge were associated with decreased risk of SHIV acquisition. These results demonstrate that the clade C MVA/CycP-gp120 vaccine provides heterologous protection against a tier2 SHIV rectal challenge by inducing a polyfunctional antibody response with distinct Fc glycosylation profile, as well as cytotoxic CD8 T cell response and CCR5-negative T helper response in the rectum.
Mechanical refrigerator for deep well sonde electronics, Phase II. Final report (1979)

The system is based on a vapor cycle refrigeration system with the usual compressor, evaporator and condenser. It is designed to operate between a condensing temperature of 275/sup 0/C and an evaporating temperature of 125/sup 0/C. Water vapor is the refrigerant. The compressor is an electric motor driven three-stage positive displacement machine. The design output of the refrigerator is 50 watts cooling. The work described covers the development of the compressor with associated component development tests. The compressor was tested in a loop simulating downhole conditions. Short duration runs were accomplished where study state conditions of refrigerant and lubricant flows were established. However, because of various component failures, sustained operations, greater than 6 hours at a time, could not be made. (The design goal was 100 hours.)
Trustworthy and personalized computing on public kiosks (2008)

Many people desire ubiquitous access to their personal computing environments. We present a system in which a user leverages a personal mobile device to establish trust in a public computing device, or kiosk, prior to resuming her environment on the kiosk. We have designed a protocol by which the mobile device determines the identity and integrity of all software loaded on the kiosk, in order to inform the user whether the kiosk is trustworthy. Our system exploits emerging hardware security technologies, namely the Trusted Platform Module and new support in x86 processors for establishing a dynamic root of trust. We have demonstrated the viability of our approach by implementing and evaluating our system on commodity hardware. Through a brief survey, we found that respondents are generally willing to endure a delay in exchange for an increased assurance of data privacy, and that the delay incurred by our unoptimized prototype is close to the range tolerable to the respondents. We have focused on allowing the user to personalize a kiosk by running her own virtual machine there. However, our work is generally applicable to establishing trust on public computing devices before revealing any sensitive information to those devices.
Finite Heisenberg-Weyl groups and golay complementary sequences (2006)

We provide a new way of understanding Golay pairs (of length N) of sequences in terms of the (2N + 1)-dimensional discrete Heisenberg-Weyl group over the field Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . Our methodology provides a different insight into the nature of these sequences, as well as a mechanism for designing sequences with desirable correlation properties. Libraries of waveforms formed using these constructions are able to provide collections of ambiguity functions that cover the range-Doppler plane in an efficient way, and thus provide the basis for a suite of waveforms optimized for extraction of information from the environment in an active sensing context.
Virtual cellular network: a new wireless communications architecture with multiple access ports (2002)

A new cellular communication architecture, called a 'virtual cellular network' (VCN) is proposed and its performance is investigated in terms of probability of capture, throughput and delay. A VCN does not use a conventional cellular frequency reuse concept. In a VCN, each terminal sends packets using the entire system bandwidth while any nearby port can pick up the signal. Then, the ports relay the packets to the port server (PS) over a fixed (wired) network. This simplifies the functions of a port, and the placement of ports will be easier than that in a conventional cellular network. Both the present analysis and simulation show that despite its simplicity this network has a larger user capacity than conventional cellular reuse patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystal structure of HsEg5 in complex with S‐trityl‐L‐cysteine (2009)

Eg5, a motor kinesin involved in the formation of the bipolar mitotic spindle, is essential for the successful completion of mitosis. Monastrol and S‐trityl‐ L ‐cysteine (STC) are two well‐characterized inhibitors of Eg5, with STC being the more potent inhibitor. We have determined the 2.5 Åresolution crystal structure of the Eg5 motor domain in complex with STC and Mg ?ADP. STC interacts with Eg5 via a pocket formed by helices a2, a3 and loop L5, and induces conformational changes within the Eg5 necklinker and switch I and II regions similar to those seen with bound monastrol. However, there are two distinctions between the STC‐Eg5 and monastrol‐Eg5 structures: the nature of the interactions between the allosteric ligand and Eg5 and solvent accessibility of residues in the allosteric binding site. Monastrol contacts with Eg5 are largely mediated by nonpolar drug surfaces. During STC binding, contact between the motor domain and polar surfaces of the drug is increased in relation to that of monastrol by over 20 Å 2 . STC binding occludes ~80 Å 2 more of the Eg5 surface from solvent access than does monastrol. Site‐directed mutagenesis and coupled biochemical assays monitoring ATP hydrolysis were used to test the hypothesis that several residues altered in solvent accessibility upon STC binding to Eg5 were critical to the increased efficacy of inhibition by this small molecule. Supported by Louisiana Board of Regents Grant