gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Double-beam laser absorption spectroscopy: shot noise-limited performance at baseband with a novel electronic noise canceler</title> (1991)

In a high J-value scheme (photo-excitation sequence), the authors investigate the characteristics of three-step photo-ionization, through an autoionizing level, of a complex atom using three single-mode pulsed dye lasers. The report covers (1) ion yield dependence on the balance of three laser intensities; (2) AC Stark effect, observed in intermediate excitation; and (3) multi-photon-resonance effect in a stepwise near-resonant excitation. The experimental results are discussed through comparison with the theoretical analyses, that include the effects of magnetic sublevel degeneracy.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A versatile microwave plethysmograph for the monitoring of physiological parameters (2002)

A simple microwave technique for in vivo monitoring of human pulmonary and cardiac activity is here presented. The technique is based on detecting the changes in the modulation envelope of amplitude modulated waves passing through the human body. A simplified human chest model was developed, proving an unambiguous correlation between heart blood filling and microwave transmission through the chest. A prototype system for transmittance measurement was realized at the 868.5-MHz operating frequency, demonstrating the feasibility of a small, lowcost microwave plethysmograph. In vivo measurements showed a good agreement with numerical simulations.
GaAs infrared source (1963)

A diffused junction GaAs diode has been developed for use as a fast, high-efficiency, infrared source. The diode is forward biased with the light being generated by the recombination of minority carriers in the semiconductor bulk. The device is a P+-N structure with a spaced contact covering a minor portion of the N-type face of the wafer through which the radiation is emitted. The infrared radiation is characterized by a sharply defined peak at slightly less than band gap (E gap=1.43ev at 300° K) and a broad peak at about 1.0 ev. The measured radiation pattern closely follows that expected of a flat plate, i.e., the intensity decreases as the cosine of the angle from the normal. The diode V-I curve is characterized by exp (qV/2kT) at low current (up to 1 ma), exp (qV/kT) at moderate current (5-50 ma) and series IR drop at high current (above 200 ma).
Nitric oxide inhibition of coxsackievirus replication in vitro. (1997)

Nitric oxide is a radical molecule with antibacterial, -parasitic, and -viral properties. We investigated the mechanism of NO inhibition of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) replication in vitro by determining the effect of NO upon a single replicative cycle of CVB3 grown in HeLa cells. Transfection of inducible NO synthase cDNA into HeLa cells reduces the number of viral particles produced during a single cycle of growth. Similarly, a noncytotoxic concentration of the NO donor S-nitroso-amino-penicillamine reduces the number of viral particles in a dose-dependent manner. To explore the mechanisms by which NO exerts its antiviral effect, we assayed the attachment, replication, and translation steps of the CVB3 life cycle. NO does not affect the attachment of CVB3 to HeLa cells. However, NO inhibits CVB3 RNA synthesis, as shown by a [3H]uridine incorporation assay, reverse transcription-PCR, and Northern analysis. In addition, NO inhibits CVB3 protein synthesis, as shown by [35S]methionine protein labeling and Western blot analysis of infected cells. Thus, NO inhibits CVB3 replication in part by inhibiting viral RNA synthesis by an unknown mechanism.
Simulation of nonisothermal pressure swing adsorption. (1983)

Nonisothermal pressure swing adsorption is simulated by numerical calculation, by accounting for mass transfer as well as heat transfer in the column, where linear driving force for adsorption rate and linear isotherm were assumed. 40 cycles of PSA operation from start-up are iterated in the computer as a case study of air drying by activated alumina. Assuming that volumetric ratio of purge to feed is 2, steady mode is observed after 30 cycles and almost constant distribution of amount adsorbed in the bed is found to be established. Condition for isothermal, nonisothermal or adiabatic assumption can be determined by this simulation in terms of column diameter. Bed length, cycle time and purge to feed ratio have significant effects on product concentration in the simulations. Further, optimizations are discussed as for the relation between column length and purge-to-feed ratio and as for cycle time in the case of air drying by silica gel.
1,2-Benzisoxazole Phosphorodiamidates as Novel Anticancer Prodrugs Requiring Bioreductive Activation (2003)

Several 1,2-benzisoxazole phosphorodiamidates have been designed as prodrugs of phosphoramide mustard requiring bioreductive activation. Enzymatic reduction of 1,2-benziosoxazole moiety is expected to result in the formation of imine intermediate due to the cleavage of the N-O bond. The imine should then be spontaneously hydrolyzed to a ketone metabolite, thereby facilitating base-catalyzed beta-elimination of cytotoxic phosphoramide mustard. As expected, the proposed prodrugs 4, 9, and 12 were at least 3-5-fold more potent cytotoxins than control compounds 5 and 15, which lack in the phosphoramide mustard group. Upon incubation with phenobarb-induced rat liver S-9 fraction, compounds 4, 9, and 12 underwent extensive NADPH-dependent metabolism with concomitant generation of alkylating activity under both hypoxic and oxic conditions. Corresponding ketone metabolites were detected for 9 and 15. NADPH-dependent bioreduction of 15 to its ketone metabolite 16 was located in the microsomal fraction and inhibited by SKF-525A and pCMBA. Compared with phenobarb-induced rat liver microsomal fraction, incubation of 15 with rat or human p450 reductase microsomes showed moderate generation of 16. Microsomal cytochrome p450 and/or p450 reductase appear to be involved in the reductive metabolism of 1,2-benzisoxazole moiety under hypoxic as well as oxic conditions.
Gold Nanoparticle Quantitation by Whole Cell Tomography (2015)

Many proposed biomedical applications for engineered gold nanoparticles require their incorporation by mammalian cells in specific numbers and locations. Here, the number of gold nanoparticles inside of individual mammalian stem cells was characterized using fast focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy based tomography. Enhanced optical microscopy was used to provide a multiscale map of the in vitro sample, which allows cells of interest to be identified within their local environment. Cells were then serially sectioned using a gallium ion beam and imaged using a scanning electron beam. To confirm the accuracy of single cross sections, nanoparticles in similar cross sections were imaged using transmission electron microscopy and scanning helium ion microscopy. Complete tomographic series were then used to count the nanoparticles inside of each cell and measure their spatial distribution. We investigated the influence of slice thickness on counting single particles and clusters as well as nanoparticle packing within clusters. For 60 nm citrate stabilized particles, the nanoparticle cluster packing volume is 2.15 ± 0.20 times the volume of the bare gold nanoparticles.
A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF DIET AND RECTAL CANCER IN WESTERN NEW YORK (1990)

In three counties in western New York, a case-control study of incident, pathologically confirmed, single, primary cancers of the rectum was conducted from 1978 to 1986. Cases were matched with neighborhood controls on age and sex; 277 case-control pairs of males and 145 case-control pairs of females were interviewed regarding usual quantity and frequency of consumption of foods. Risk of rectal cancer increased with increasing intake of kilocalories, fat, carbohydrate, and iron. Risk decreased with increasing intake of carotenoids, vitamin C, and dietary fiber from vegetables. Fiber from grains, calcium, retinol, and vitamin E were not associated with risk. Associations of intake with risk were generally stronger for males than for females except for vitamin C. The association for carotenoids, vitamin C, and vegetable fiber persisted after stratification on intake of either kilocalories or fat.
Electromagnetic Servoing—A New Tracking Paradigm (2013)

Electromagnetic (EM) tracking is highly relevant for many computer assisted interventions. This is in particular due to the fact that the scientific community has not yet developed a general solution for tracking of flexible instruments within the human body. Electromagnetic tracking solutions are highly attractive for minimally invasive procedures, since they do not require line of sight. However, a major problem with EM tracking solutions is that they do not provide uniform accuracy throughout the tracking volume and the desired, highest accuracy is often only achieved close to the center of tracking volume. In this paper, we present a solution to the tracking problem, by mounting an EM field generator onto a robot arm. Proposing a new tracking paradigm, we take advantage of the electromagnetic tracking to detect the sensor within a specific sub-volume, with known and optimal accuracy. We then use the more accurate and robust robot positioning for obtaining uniform accuracy throughout the tracking volume. Such an EM servoing methodology guarantees optimal and uniform accuracy, by allowing us to always keep the tracked sensor close to the center of the tracking volume. In this paper, both dynamic accuracy and accuracy distribution within the tracking volume are evaluated using optical tracking as ground truth. In repeated evaluations, the proposed method was able to reduce the overall error from 6.64±7.86 mm to a significantly improved accuracy of 3.83±6.43 mm. In addition, the combined system provides a larger tracking volume, which is only limited by the reach of the robot and not the much smaller tracking volume defined by the magnetic field generator.
A simple technique for data management in general dental practice audit. (1997)

General practice audit is essential in the process of developing an evidence-based approach to dental care. The CHAID (CHi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detector) statistical software package is both practical and user-friendly for many simple applications. The types of questions asked in general practice audit projects will frequently be suitable for analysis using this technique. This may include the identification of patients who are likely to fail appointments and place an additional financial burden on the practice. This paper illustrates the potential value of CHAID to general dental practitioners (GDPs) by using examples of commonly cited dental audit topics. This paper aims to illustrate how a simple statistical package (SPSS CHAID) may be of use for both audit and practice management activities.
Rheology of fumed silica dispersions for fiber‐optic cables (1991)

Abstract Fumed silica dispersions in mineral or silicone oil are used to fill fiber‐optic cables to prevent macro‐bending of the fibers and to provide environmental protection. Adequate control of the rheology is essential for the effectiveness of the filling compounds; the materials must be sufficiently viscous to minimize stresses on the fibers but have considerable elasticity so as not to drip with time or temperature. The effects of shear history, aging, temperature, and water contamination on the rheological properties of two commercially available systems are studied using steady and dynamic measurements. The results are interpreted in terms of the microstructure resulting from the aggregation of submicron silica particles and their interactions with different solvents.
Power system database management (2002)

In futurist Alvin Toffler's book entitled PowerShift-Knowledge, Wealth, and Violence at the Edge of the 21st Century, he describes the global shift in economic power that will favor those who successfully manage the information in the "information age". Information management is a key to success in power systems asset management just as it is in all other economic endeavors. Much of the information which can be used to manage these assets is "tied up" in various applications software and unavailable to the asset manager as a management tool. Other system information is available through the newest technologies in microprocessor-based relays and meters. A database management software package can be developed which can capture this "tied up" data and organize it for economic life analysis, market analysis, inventory control, planning and scheduling maintenance, and energy analysis. This paper describes a power systems database management software package that can capture "tied up" data in various applications packages and microprocessor based meters and protective relays.
Hydroxychloroquine treatment in a community‐based cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2010)

In this community-based cohort of patients, HCQ use was suboptimal. Physician specialty and disease duration were the strongest predictors of HCQ use. Patients who are not using HCQ, those with longer disease duration, and those who see nonrheumatologists for their SLE care should be targeted for quality improvement.
Identification of the Principal Promoter Sequence of the c-H-<i>ras</i> Transforming Oncogene: Deletion Analysis of the 5′-Flanking Region by Focus Formation Assay (1987)

A number of deletion mutants were isolated, including 5', 3', and internal deletions in the 5'-flanking region of the human cellular oncogene related to the Harvey sarcoma virus (c-H-ras), and their transforming activities were examined in NIH 3T3 cells. DNA sequences which could not be detected without losing transforming activity were localized to a relatively short stretch upstream of the region which showed homology to the 5'-flanking region of v-H-ras oncogene. S1 nuclease analysis indicated that there were two clusters of mRNA start sites at positions that were about 1,371 and 1,298 base pairs upstream of the first coding ATG. The minimum region required for promoter function was estimated to be a 51-base-pair-long (or less) DNA segment. The promoter was GC rich (78%) and did not contain the consensus sequences that are usually observed in PolII-directed promoters but contained a GC box within which one of the mRNA start sites was included. In addition, two sets of positive and negative elements seemed to be located between the promoter and the protein-coding region, which appeared to influence positively and negatively, respectively, the efficiency of transformation with the c-H-ras oncogene.
Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Parainfluenza Virus 4 Infections in Hong Kong: Subtype 4B as Common as Subtype 4A (2009)

In this 1-year study, 35 (1.2%) of 2,912 nasopharyngeal aspirates were positive for human parainfluenza virus 4 (HPIV4) by reverse transcription-PCR. Patients with HPIV4 infection were mainly young children and immunocompromised adults. In contrast to the reported predominance of HPIV4A infection, molecular subtyping revealed that 15 (44%) cases were caused by HPIV4B.
Handbook of Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Imaging. From Ensemble to Single Molecules. Edited by Markus Sauer, Johan Hofkens and Jörg Enderlein. (2011)

Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2011. 282 pp., hardcover, € 109.00.—ISBN 978-3527316694
Dynamic Interaction of <sup>111</sup>Indium-Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies With Surface Antigens of Solid Tumors Visualized In Vivo by External Scintigraphy (1986)

Two 111indium-labeled murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), D3 and 9.2.27, directed to tumor antigens of L-10 hepatocarcinoma and human melanoma, respectively, selectively localized antigen-positive target cells in guinea pigs and nude mice. The fate of MoAb differed in the two antigen-antibody systems after reacting with their corresponding tumor antigens in vivo as reflected by patterns of distribution and turnover in vivo. The 9.2.27 localized in melanoma xenograft in nude mice after intravenous administration with slow loss from tumor but more rapid loss from normal tissues and thus demonstrated optimal imaging of small tumors (approximately equal to 5 mm) between 3 and 6 days after injection of the radiolabeled antibody. In contrast, D3 demonstrated a biphasic localization in guinea pig L-10 hepatocarcinoma with a maximal activity on the 2d day after administration and showed rapid loss from both tumor and normal tissues. Nonspecific localization of antibodies in liver and in kidney was found both in syngeneic (nude mice) and xenogeneic (guinea pig) hosts but was more pronounced in the xenogeneic species. These results indicate that the nature of the antigen-antibody interaction may be of importance in selecting MoAb for both diagnosis and therapy of malignant diseases.
Focal vibration in neurorehabilitation. (2014)

During the last decade, many studies have been carried out to understand the effects of focal vibratory stimuli at various levels of the central nervous system and to study pathophysiological mechanisms of neurological disorders as well as the therapeutic effects of focal vibration in neurorehabilitation. This review aimed to describe the effects of focal vibratory stimuli in neurorehabilitation including the neurological diseases or disorders like stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's' disease and dystonia. In conclusion, focal vibration stimulation is well tolerated, effective and easy to use, and it could be used to reduce spasticity, to promote motor activity and motor learning within a functional activity, even in gait training, independent from etiology of neurological pathology. Further studies are needed in the future well-designed trials with bigger sample size to determine the most effective frequency, amplitude and duration of vibration application in the neurorehabilitation.
Identification in Rat Bile of Glutathione Conjugates of Fluoromethyl 2,2-Difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl Ether, a Nephrotoxic Degradate of the Anesthetic Agent Sevoflurane (1996)

Recent studies have indicated that the nephrotoxicity of fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether ("Compound A"), a breakdown product of the inhaled anesthetic sevoflurane, may be mediated by a reactive intermediate(s) generated via the cysteine conjugate beta-lyase pathway. In order to gain a better understanding of glutathione (GSH)-dependent metabolism of Compound A, the present study was carried out with the primary goal of detecting and characterizing Compound A--GSH conjugates. By means of ionspray LC-MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy, a total of four GSH conjugates ("A1-A4") were identified from the bile of rats dosed intraperitoneally with Compound A. A1 and A2 were identified as two diastereomers of S-[1,1-difluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]glutath ione, while A3 and A4 were identified as (E)- and (Z)-S-[1-fluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-vinyl]glutat hione, respectively. Quantitative analyses indicated that approximately 29% of the administered dose of Compound A was excreted into the bile in the form of the above GSH conjugates over a period of 6 h. Studies conducted in vitro demonstrated that the reaction of Compound A with GSH was catalyzed by both rat liver cytosolic and microsomal glutathione S-transferases (GST), with the two enzyme systems exhibiting different product selectivities. Formation of these GSH conjugates also occurred nonenzymatically at an appreciable rate. These results indicate that spontaneous and enzyme-mediated conjugation with GSH represents a major pathway of metabolism of Compound A in rats. Conjugation of Compound A with GSH in vivo appeared to be catalyzed preferentially by microsomal rather than cytosolic GST, based on comparison of biliary, microsomal, and cytosolic metabolic profiles. By analogy with other haloalkenes, further metabolism of the corresponding cysteine conjugates of Compound A by renal cysteine conjugate beta-lyase may lead to the formation of reactive acylating agents, which would be expected to bind covalently to cellular macromolecules and cause organ-selective nephrotoxicity.
Antiemetics for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Occurring Despite Prophylactic Antiemetic Therapy (2011)

Prochlorperazine and 5-HT receptor antagonists appear to be effective breakthrough antiemetic therapies. The described study methodology can be used to conduct randomized clinical trials to find more effective drugs for treating established nausea.
Does Game Theory Work? (2012)

Given the current level of international interest in game theory and its applications in AI and computer science, it seems worth pausing to consider whether game theory actually works. This article considers the evidence available in support of the two most common interpretations of game theory: the descriptive interpretation, which considers game theory as trying to predict actual behavior, and the normative interpretation, which considers game theory as providing advice on how to act optimally.
COHSE: dynamic linking of web resources (2007)

This document presents a description of the COHSE collaborative research project between Sun Microsystems Laboratories and the School of Computer Science at the University of Manchester, UK. The purpose of this document is to summarise the project in terms of the work completed and the results achieved. The focus of the project was an application to enable the dynamic creation of hypertext links between documents on a Web, thus the intended audience for this document comprises those members of academic and industrial research groups whose focus includes the Web in general and the Semantic Web and Hypertext in particular
The Automated Collision Notification System (1999)

The NHTSA sponsored Automated Collision Notification (ACN) Project was initiated in October 1995 to design, develop, test, and evaluate a system that can detect and characterize crashes and then automatically send a data message to the public safety answering point (PSAP). The system also opens a cellular telephone voice line between the PSAP and the vehicle occupants after the data message has been received. The system detects crashes in all directions and stores the acceleration time history experienced. The ACN system is able to determine the crash change in velocity, the principal direction of crash force, whether a rollover occurred and the potential for injury in the crash. The system also includes GPS equipment and provides PSAP dispatchers with a mapped location of the crash. The ACN system has been installed in 700 vehicles in Western New York and real world crash data and time of EMS response data is being collected and analyzed.
First case of Plasmodium knowlesi infection in a Japanese traveller returning from Malaysia (2013)

This is the first case of Plasmodium knowlesi infection in a Japanese traveller returning from Malaysia. In September 2012, a previously healthy 35-year-old Japanese man presented to National Center for Global Health and Medicine in Tokyo with a two-day history of daily fever, mild headaches and mild arthralgia. Malaria parasites were found in the Giemsa-stained thin blood smear, which showed band forms similar to Plasmodium malariae. Although a nested PCR showed the amplification of the primer of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi, he was finally diagnosed with P. knowlesi mono-infection by DNA sequencing. He was treated with mefloquine, and recovered without any complications. DNA sequencing of the PCR products is indispensable to confirm P. knowlesi infection, however there is limited access to DNA sequencing procedures in endemic areas. The extent of P. knowlesi transmission in Asia has not been clearly defined. There is limited availability of diagnostic tests and routine surveillance system for reporting an accurate diagnosis in the Asian endemic regions. Thus, reporting accurately diagnosed cases of P. knowlesi infection in travellers would be important for assessing the true nature of this emerging human infection.