gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ROLE of MITOCHONDRIA in TOXIC OXIDATIVE STRESS (2005)

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial oxidative damage have been implicated in the etiology of numerous common diseases. The critical mitochondrial events responsible for oxidative stress-mediated cell death (toxic oxidative stress), however, have yet to be defined. Several oxidative events implicated in toxic oxidative stress include alterations in mitochondrial lipids (e.g., cardiolipin), mitochondrial DNA, and mitochondrial proteins (eg. aconitase and uncoupling protein 2). Furthermore, recent findings indicate the enrichment of mitochondrial membranes with vitamin E protects cells against the toxic effects of oxidative stress. This review briefly summarizes the role of these mitochondrial events in toxic oxidative stress, including: 1) the protective role of mitochondrial vitamin E in toxic oxidative stress, 2) the role of mitochondrial DNA in toxic oxidative stress, 3) the interaction between cardiolipin and cytochrome c in mitochondrial regulation of apoptosis, 4) the role of mitochondrial aconitase in oxidative neurodegeneration, and 5) the role of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
Solubilization of fluasterone (1999)

Solubilization of nonpolar drugs constitutes one of the most important tasks in parenteral formulations design. This study investigates and assesses the solubility enhancement of Fluasterone by various techniques including cosolvency, micellization, and complexation. Of the solubilizing agents used, the modified beta-cyclodextrins were found to be the most effective. The solubility of Fluasterone is 1.55 x 10(-4) mM, 3.13 mM, and 4.04 mM in water, 20% sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBEbetaCD), and 20% hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD), respectively.
Major Nutrient Recycling for Sustained Algal Production. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
An International Survey of Cytomegalovirus Management Practices in Lung Transplantation (2010)

Although prophylaxis is the most commonly used preventive strategy, significant variation exists in the way it is implemented. Specifically, duration of prophylaxis is extremely variable. Uniform international guidelines would be of value in this population.
Constraint-Based Control of Boiler Efficiency: A Data-Mining Approach (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, a data-mining approach is used to develop a model for optimizing the efficiency of an electric-utility boiler subject to operating constraints. Selection of process variables to optimize combustion efficiency is discussed. The selected variables are critical for control of combustion efficiency of a coal-fired boiler in the presence of operating constraints. Two schemes of generating control settings and updating control variables are evaluated. One scheme is based on the controllable and noncontrollable variables. The second one incorporates response variables into the clustering process. The process control scheme based on the response variables produces the smallest variance of the target variable due to reduced coupling among the process variables. An industrial case study and its implementation illustrate the control approach developed in this paper. </para>
SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF EXTENSIVELY CROSS-LINKED POLYETHYLEN CUP - IN VITRO AND RETRIEVED” (2003)

The objective of this study was to compare the wear mode of 100 Mrad PE cups run in a hip simulator to retrieved 100 Mrad PE cups, and to evaluate the efficacy of the PE wear model. 15 In-vitro PE cups: 3 each 0,2.5.50,100 and 150 Mrad (9 channel hip simulator, 6.2 million cycle duration, physiological load profile by Paul, 2000N maximum load at 1Hz using 30% bovine serum). 5 Retrieved PE cups: three SOM cups (Mizuho Medical Instrument Co., COP alloy 28 mm head)-0 Mrad after 8 years of clinical use, two 100 Mrad cups after 15 years of clinical use, two T28 PE 2.5 Mrad cups (Zimmer): 18 years and 13 years of clinical use. The cups were examined using a SEM (Philip XL30 FEG) for wear scar locations and PE wear-topography. Original machine marks were observed in the weight-bearing areas of the highly cross-linked in-vitro PE. No machine marks were observed for the 0 and 2.5 Mrad in-vitro cups and none were seen in any of the retrieved cups. The formation of more nodules and fibrils in the 0Mrad cups compared to the extensivley cross-linked cups (in-vitro and retrieved) was striking. The frequency of occurrence and length of the fibrils and nodules was dependent on the dose of gamma irradiation. More ripples were formed in the 2.5 Mrad and higher cups compared to the non-irradiated cups (in-vitro and retrieved). The in-vitro cups formed more ripples than the retrieved cups. In general, the SEM features for in-vitro Mrad cups appeared similar to those of the retrieved Mrad cups. The in-vitro Mrad cups accurately reflected the conditions of the artificial joint in living body. Therefore, comparisons of retrieved PE cups with simulator PE cups appeared to be a very powerful research tool. (2) SEM observation demonstrated far less wear damage in the extensively cross-linked cups than in the non-extensively cross-linked PE. Thus the extensive cross-linked PE cups appeared to be a significant improvement over conventional PE cups in terms of wear resistance.
JNK signaling is the shared pathway linking neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier disruption, and oligodendroglial apoptosis in the white matter injury of the immature brain (2012)

LPS-sensitized HI causes white matter injury through JNK activation-mediated upregulation of neuroinflammation, BBB leakage and oligodendrocyte progenitor apoptosis in the immature brain.
Total absence of the α2(I) chain of collagen type I causes a rare form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with hypermobility and propensity to cardiac valvular problems (2006)

Biochemical analysis of collagens extracted from skin fibroblasts is a powerful tool to detect the subset of patients with complete absence of proalpha2(I) collagen chains, and in these patients, careful cardiac follow up with ultrasonography is highly recommended because of the risk for cardiac valvular problems in adulthood.
Percutaneous ablative treatment of metastatic bone tumours: visual analogue scale scores in a short-term series. (2011)

Both RF ablation and cryoablation are optimal techniques in the treatment of painful bone metastatic cancer. Cryoablation achieves less treatment-related pain during the early period of follow-up and better volume control by real-time depiction of ablation margins.
Square Arrays of Vertical Cylinders of PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA on Chemically Nanopatterned Surfaces (2007)

Cylinder-forming polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) thin films were directed to assemble on chemically nanopatterned surfaces consisting of a square array of spots with varying diameters of lattice spacing and spot size. In all cases the patterned spots were preferentially wet by the PMMA block in a continuum of surface wet by the PS block. On this chemical pattern, cylindrical domains oriented perpendicular to the surfaces formed a square array of vertical cylinders, instead of a hexagonal array typically formed in the bulk morphology of cylinder-forming block copolymers. When the lattice spacing of chemical spot patterns was incommensurate with the natural dimension of diblock copolymer in a square array, surface reconstruction led to the formation of microdomain structures that do not appear naturally in the bulk state, such as a loop structure of PMMA cylinders connecting two neighboring PMMA cylindrical sections, and semicylinder domains located at the center of the square unit cell, which did not contact the bottom substrate. The chemically nanopatterned surface became ineffective at forming vertical cylinders with a square array when the cylindrical domains were a distance of 1.5 times the bulk cylinder diameter from the patterned surface. The novel morphologies and the variation of morphology with film thickness shed light on the reconstruction of the microphase-separated block copolymer morphology as it equilibrates in the presence of a chemically nanopatterned substrate.
In vitro effects of stem-cell factor or interleukin-3 on myelosuppression associated with AIDS (1994)

These data suggest that SCF or IL-3 may have a therapeutic application in overcoming hematopoietic abnormalities associated with drugs commonly used in the care of AIDS patients. However, they may have less capacity to overcome the bone-marrow inhibitory effects of the endogenous cytokines TNF-alpha and TGF-beta.
Completion Design for Sandface Monitoring of Subsea Wells (2008)

Abstract The expense of subsea well intervention often leads to insufficient reservoir information for accurately understanding reservoir connectivity, drainage, and flow assurance. For those wells requiring sand control, an additional constraint is that sandface sensors must be deployed on a separate completion run. The objective of a recent engineering development program was to create a new deployment system that directly addressed these constraints. Instead of individual gauges on mandrels, digital sensors were miniaturized and distributed along a single spoolable bridle. In addition, a novel inductive coupling mechanism was developed to pass power and data from the upper to the lower completion. In a recent subsea deployment in the SouthEast Asia, such a coupler was attached to the top of a sensor bridle and both deployed as part of an openhole gravel-pack completion. Standard packers and gravel-pack service tools were used. The system became activated when a mating inductive coupler was landed as part of the upper completion. Surface indication of landing was provided by incorporating mechanical feedback into the lower assembly. With the coupler components in position, the tubing hanger was landed into the horizontal tree. Upon activation of the electrical penetrator, high-resolution temperature data were then immediately available across the length of the sandface, which was an industry first for a subsea producing well. No additional penetrations were required in the tree. Development of this system required coordination from the operator because of the multiple vendors involved in the project. They supervised multiple qualification and system integration tests performed over the 2-yr development period to ensure ultimate success in the subsea deployment. Field results showed that the mating inductive couplers provided high efficiency of power transmission so that industry standard power settings were sufficient to power a bridle with one sensor per joint of screen. The sandface data were available onshore during the cleanup phase, allowing the operator to monitor the cleanup in real time. Once the wells are brought online, the sandface data will further enhance the interpretation of flow allocation and reservoir drainage.
Teaching Traditional Music: Authenticity, Context, Presentation (1996)

As we are nearing the 21st century our students will live in a new world in which global communication and intercultural understanding could become the core elements of survival of the society. The task of today's music educators is to promote 'musical understanding' by developing effective ways of teaching music of the world to their students. One of the directions music educators could take in their search for answers for the future, is to take quality authentic music material, set in context of its mother culture, and presented in an interactive multimedia environment using modern computer technology. This paper describes a program of computer-assisted instruction for teaching a genre of Russian traditional music - calendric, or seasonal songs. The program, called Voices of the Russian Calendar, is intended for students who are able to learn individually.
Unusual genome complexity in Lactobacillus salivarius JCM1046 (2014)

Experimental validation of sequence assemblies and plasmid topology resolved the complex genome architecture of L. salivarius JCM1046. A high-coverage draft genome sequence would not have elucidated the genome complexity in this strain. Given the expanding use of L. salivarius as a probiotic, it is important to determine the genotypic and phenotypic organization of L. salivarius strains. The identification of Tn6224-like elements in this species has implications for strain selection for probiotic applications.
Rapid equilibrium radioimmunoassay for the amino-terminal propeptide of human type III procollagen. (1988)

This is an equilibrium-type radioimmunoassay for the amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), which overcomes the problem of nonparallelism between the standard and human serum samples encountered with earlier assays. Proper selection of antiserum and reaction conditions diminishes interference from degradation products of the propeptide in serum. Because a rapid solid-phase-bound second-antibody step is included, the assay takes only 3 h. The intra-assay and the interassay CVs are both about 5%. In infants and children the concentration of PIIINP in serum closely parallels the growth-velocity curve. For 88 presumably healthy adults, the PIIINP concentration was 1.7-4.2 micrograms/L, about a third that measured with the previously available commercial assay. This is because of lack of inhibition by small Col 1 domain-related degradation products.
Anamorelin for the treatment of cancer anorexia-cachexia: Baseline characteristics from three phase III clinical trials (the ROMANA program). (2014)

e20694 Background: Cancer anorexia-cachexia (CACS) is a frequent, debilitating and life-threatening multifactorial syndrome in which altered metabolism, inflammation, and reduced food intake contribute to weight loss (mainly lean body mass [LBM]). Safe/effective treatments for CACS remain an unmet need. Anamorelin HCl (ANAM) is a new, oral, selective ghrelin receptor agonist. Methods: HT-ANAM-301 (NCT01387269) and HT-ANAM-302 (NCT01387282), known as ROMANA 1 and ROMANA 2, are double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized (2:1 ANAM vs. placebo) Phase III trials in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cachexia (target enrollment of 477 patients/study). Eligible patients must have unresectable Stage III/IV NSCLC and cachexia (≥5% weight loss within prior 6 months or BMI <20 kg/m2). Patients receive 100 mg ANAM or placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Co-primary endpoints are change from baseline in LBM and in muscle strength over 12 weeks (measured by DXA and handgrip strength [HGS], respectively). Secondary endpoints include change in body weight, overall survival, and quality of life (FACIT-F and FAACT). Population pharmacokinetcs is assessed at Week 6 in ROMANA 1. Patients completing 12 weeks of treatment with ECOG ≤2 are eligible for additional 12-week treatment in a safety extension study (HT-ANAM-303 [ROMANA 3] NCT01395914). Results: ROMANA 1 and 2 enrolled 484 and 495 patients, respectively. These are mainly Stage IV NSCLC patients (76.1%; 70.5%) that have not received previous chemotherapy (64.2%; 63.7%) or radiotherapy (83.5%; 80.2%), ECOG=1 (69.8%; 66.5%), weight loss ≤10% (61.8%; 52.3%) and baseline LBM/HGS lower than values commonly observed in healthy adults or patients without weight loss.As of January 2014, 510 patients who completed ROMANA 1 or 2 enrolled in ROMANA 3, mainly with ECOG=1 (71.9%) (340 completed the additional 12-week treatment, and 90 are still active). Conclusions: ANAM is undergoing Phase III evaluation. After completing 12 weeks of treatment in the ROMANA 1 or 2 studies, the majority of patients maintained an eligible performance score and chose to continue in the optional extension study. Efficacy and safety results are awaited. Clinical trial information: NCT01387269, NCT01387282 and NCT01395914.
MOUTH-TO-MOUTH VERSUS MANUAL ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS (1958)

In the field of manual artificial respiration, a general crystallization of ideas occurred several years ago as a result of extensive research on adult human subjects.<sup>1</sup>This led to acceptance of "push-pull" manual resuscitation methods on a national basis. The results of these investigations were also applied to infants and small children although comparable specific data were not available for these age groups. Many manual methods have been proposed for children, but there has never been a controlled, comparative study of their efficiency. In October, 1955, a technique for resuscitation of infants and small children by means of manual tilting on the forearm of the rescuer was recommended by Rickard.<sup>2</sup>In essence, he utilized the principle of the Eve rocking method.<sup>3</sup>An important addition was use of the rescuer's finger in the victim's mouth to provide a "continuous digital airway." This interesting suggestion was not supported by
Implementation of foot thermometry plus mHealth to prevent diabetic foot ulcers: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2016)

This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov: Identifier NCT02373592 .
[Construction of mutant k-ras gene recombinant adenovirus]. (2002)

The method of homologous recombination in bacteria is convenient and efficient, which compared with that of in cell and the pepared Ad-k-ras 12(Val) paves a sound foundation for further study.
Nickel-catalysed conjugate addition of trimethylaluminium to α,β-unsaturated ketones (1975)

Nickel acetylacetonate brings about the conjugate addition of trimethylaluminium to a,ß-unsaturated ketones. The yields of ß- methylated ketones range from 30% to quantitative. At the same time, catalysis of 1,2-addition of trimethylaluminium to the a,ß-unsaturated ketones also occurs (leading to allylic alcohols). The conjugate addition has been applied to 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one, cyclohex-2- en-1-one, 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one, 1-acetylcyclohexene, pulegone, a-ionone, ß-ionone and isophorone. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Iron(II), iron(III) and cobalt(III) acetylacetonates as catalysts for the conjugate addition give more varied products. Those from isophorone are most noteworthy.
Analogues of 8-hydroxyquinoline having additional cyclic nitrogen atoms. Part II. Further preparations, and some physico-chemical properties (1954)

A. Albert and A. Hampton, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 505 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540000505
Synthesis and Characterization of Two Intensely Colored Tris(benzoylcyanoxime)iron(II) Anionic Complexes (2008)

Two intensely blue-colored complexes, P(C 6H 5) 4[Fe(BCO) 3] ( 1) and Na[Fe(BCO) 3] ( 2), where BCO (-) is the benzoylcyanoxime anion, have been prepared and characterized in solution and in the solid state. The crystal structure of 1 has been determined at several temperatures (100, 155, 225, and 293 K) and consists of layers of P(C 6H 5) 4 (+) cations and [Fe(BCO) 3] (-) anions. The latter exist as a pair of fac-Delta and Lambda enantiomers in a monoclinic unit cell in the P2(1)/ n space group. Iron(II) has a trigonal-prismatic N 3O 3 coordination environment with average Fe-N and Fe-O bond distances of 1.866 and 1.956 A, respectively, bonds that are unusually short and indicate a (1)A 1g low-spin ground state for iron(II). A sample of 1 prepared with iron-57 has been studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy between 4.2 and 430 K and found to be low-spin iron(II) in studied temperature range. The stepwise formation constants for 1 in aqueous solution at 296 K and pH of 7 are log beta 1 = 0.85 +/- 0.1, log beta 2 = 3.55 +/- 0.15, and log beta 3 = 6.36 +/- 0.15. Both 1 and 2 exhibit irreversible oxidation of iron(II) at approximately 1.0 V, indicating a significant degree of the ligand-to-iron charge transfer. Thus, 1 and 2 are rare examples of highly colored iron(II) anionic complexes that do not contain aromatic heterocyclic amine ligands, such as bipyridine or phenanthroline.
Bridging the Gap between Stochastic Gradient MCMC and Stochastic Optimization (2015)

Stochastic gradient Markov chain Monte Carlo (SG-MCMC) methods are Bayesian analogs to popular stochastic optimization methods; however, this connection is not well studied. We explore this relationship by applying simulated annealing to an SGMCMC algorithm. Furthermore, we extend recent SG-MCMC methods with two key components: i) adaptive preconditioners (as in ADAgrad or RMSprop), and ii) adaptive element-wise momentum weights. The zerotemperature limit gives a novel stochastic optimization method with adaptive elementwise momentum weights, while conventional optimization methods only have a shared, static momentum weight. Under certain assumptions, our theoretical analysis suggests the proposed simulated annealing approach converges close to the global optima. Experiments on several deep neural network models show state-of-the-art results compared to related stochastic optimization algorithms.
Asynchronous dynamic Bayesian networks (2005)

Systems such as sensor networks and teams of autonomous robots consist of multiple autonomous entities that interact with each other in a distributed, asynchronous manner. These entities need to keep track of the state of the system as it evolves. Asynchronous systems lead to special challenges for monitoring, as nodes must update their beliefs independently of each other and no central coordination is possible. Furthermore, the state of the system continues to change as beliefs are being updated. Previous approaches to developing distributed asynchronous probabilistic reasoning systems have used static models. We present an approach using dynamic models, that take into account the way the system changes state over time. Our approach, which is based on belief propagation, is fully distributed and asynchronous, and allows the world to keep on changing as messages are being sent around. Experimental results show that our approach compares favorably to the factored frontier algorithm. 1
A Highly Active Catalyst for Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions Based on the Tris(triazolyl)methanol−Cu(I) Structure (2009)

A new tris(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methanol ligand 3 has been prepared by a triple Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC). Ligand 3 forms a stable complex with CuCl, which catalyzes the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition on water or under neat conditions. Low catalyst loadings, short reaction times at room temperature, and compatibility with free amino groups make 3.CuCl an outstanding catalyst for CuAAC.
Cannabis Addiction and the Brain: a Review (2018)

Cannabis is the most commonly used substance of abuse in the United States after alcohol and tobacco. With a recent increase in the rates of cannabis use disorder (CUD) and a decrease in the perceived risk of cannabis use, it is imperative to assess the addictive potential of cannabis. Here we evaluate cannabis use through the neurobiological model of addiction proposed by Koob and Volkow. The model proposes that repeated substance abuse drives neurobiological changes in the brain that can be separated into three distinct stages, each of which perpetuates the cycle of addiction. Here we review previous research on the acute and long-term effects of cannabis use on the brain and behavior, and find that the three-stage framework of addiction applies to CUD in a manner similar to other drugs of abuse, albeit with some slight differences. These findings highlight the urgent need to conduct research that elucidates specific neurobiological changes associated with CUD in humans.
Suramin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer pretreated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. A phase II Study (1995)

These results indicate that suramin is inactive in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer pretreated with fluoropyrimidines. Pretreatment with suramin may have changed the biology of the tumor, sensitizing it to fluoropyrimidines. Studies to investigate this possibility are in progress.