gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Overview of In Situ Air Sparging (1993)

Abstract In situ air sparging (IAS) is becoming a widely used technology for remediating sites contaminated by volatile organic materials such as petroleum hydrocarbons. Published data indicate that the injection of air into subsurface water saturated areas coupled with soil vapor extraction (SVE) can increase removal rates in comparison to SVE alone for cases where hydrocarbons are distributed within the water saturated zone. However, the technology is still in its infancy and has not been subject to adequate research, nor have adequate monitoring methods been employed or even developed. Consequently, most IAS applications are designed, operated, and monitored based upon the experience of the individual practitioner. The use of in situ air sparging poses risks not generally associated with most practiced remedial technologies: air injection can enhance the undesirable off‐site migration of vapors and ground water contamination plumes. Migration of previously immobile liquid hydrocarbons can also be induced. Thus, there is an added incentive to fully understand this technology prior to application. This overview of the current state of the practice of air sparging is a review of available published literature, consultation with practitioners, a range of unpublished data reports, as well as theoretical considerations. Potential strengths and weaknesses of the technology are discussed and recommendations for future investigations are given.
A machine-learning heuristic to improve gene score prediction of polygenic traits (2017)

Machine-learning techniques have helped solve a broad range of prediction problems, yet are not widely used to build polygenic risk scores for the prediction of complex traits. We propose a novel heuristic based on machine-learning techniques (GraBLD) to boost the predictive performance of polygenic risk scores. Gradient boosted regression trees were first used to optimize the weights of SNPs included in the score, followed by a novel regional adjustment for linkage disequilibrium. A calibration set with sample size of ~200 individuals was sufficient for optimal performance. GraBLD yielded prediction R <sup>2</sup> of 0.239 and 0.082 using GIANT summary association statistics for height and BMI in the UK Biobank study (N = 130 K; 1.98 M SNPs), explaining 46.9% and 32.7% of the overall polygenic variance, respectively. For diabetes status, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.602 in the UK Biobank study using summary-level association statistics from the DIAGRAM consortium. GraBLD outperformed other polygenic score heuristics for the prediction of height (p < 2.2 × 10<sup>-16</sup>) and BMI (p < 1.57 × 10<sup>-4</sup>), and was equivalent to LDpred for diabetes. Results were independently validated in the Health and Retirement Study (N = 8,292; 688,398 SNPs). Our report demonstrates the use of machine-learning techniques, coupled with summary-level data from large genome-wide meta-analyses to improve the prediction of polygenic traits.
Alkylating chemotherapy may exert a uniquely deleterious effect upon neo-antigen-targeting anticancer vaccination (2013)

Alkylating chemotherapy exerts both antineoplastic and immunostimulatory effects. However, in addition to depleting regulatory T cells (Treg), alkylating agents also mediate a long lasting antiproliferative effect on responder lymphocytes. Our recent findings indicate that this antiproliferative effect profoundly impairs vaccination-induced immune responses, especially in the case of vaccines that target specific tumor-associated neo-antigens that do not require Treg depletion.
Exposure to Pulsed Low Intensity Ultrasound Stimulates Extracellular Matrix Metabolism of Bovine Intervertebral Disc Cells Cultured in Alginate Beads (2005)

The application of pulsed low intensity ultrasound stimulated extracellular matrix metabolism in intervertebral disc cells. Pulsed low intensity ultrasound may prove useful for the physical stimulation of cell metabolism for tissue engineering of intervertebral disc tissue.
Monolithically integrated VCSELs and photodetectors for microsystem applications (2002)

Summary form only given. We have fabricated integrated resonated cavity photodetectors with selectively oxidized VCSELs by etching away a portion of the top distributed Bragg reflector mirror of nominally 850 nm VCSEL lasers.
Ultrafast Dynamics in the Three-Photon, Double-Resonance Ionization of Phenol via the S<sub>2</sub> Electronic State (2001)

The three-photon ionization pathways of phenol involving the S2 electronic state as well as higher molecular resonances are explored. Photoelectron spectra are obtained upon ionization with femtosecond laser pulses at 206 and 412 nm. In addition to the well-known two-photon ionization signal, there is a small component in the spectrum that stems from a three-photon pathway. This path is resonant with the both the S2 state and a superexcited state at 9 eV. The dependence of the three-photon pathway on the laser polarization suggests that the optically bright superexcited state has the same symmetry as the S2 state. Upon two-photon excitation of the superexcited state, a nonradiative decay leads to the population of a set of Rydberg states, which can be ionized by a third laser photon. Photoelectron spectra taken with a time delay between the fourth-harmonic pulse, which prepares the molecule in the S2 state, and the second-harmonic pulse, which ionizes the molecule via the superexcited states, reflect the internal conversion dynamics of S2 to S1. We also observe a component of the three-photon ionization signal that persists beyond the decay time of the S2 state, which suggests that a separate ionization path becomes accessible after the internal conversion to S1. This path may involve another recently discovered valence state with an energy of 7.5 eV. The effect of this latter ionization pathway on the interpretation of time-resolved multiphoton ionization experiments is discussed.
A study of the host-searching kairomone of Apanteles cypris Nixon. (1987)

Apeanteles cypris Nixon is an important parasitoid of the early instar larvae of Cnaphalo-crocis medinalis Guenee. Experiments were conducted in Changsha of Hunan Province from 1983 to ]984 to investigate the role played by kairomone in the searching of their hosts and the possible use of the kairomone in pest management.In the laboratory it was found that the host-scarching kairomone mainly existed in the frass, haemolymph and labial glandl secretion of C. medinalis laruae. The effective components extra-cted from the frass are trehalose and eight amino acids including leucine, phenylanaline, aspa-ratic acid, serine, cystine, alanine, valine and threonine. Tests showed that all of them could in-duce strong host-searching behaviour of the female wasps. Mating would not influence the response, which could last for the whole life span of the female wasp. Results in the field tests showed that the parasitization rate could be increased to 15% to 25% after spraying the kairomone on the rice plants. The time of spraying seems to be decisive for obtaining a better parasitization rate which could only be achieved during the active ovipositing period of the female wasps.
DB (Dielectric Barrier) IGBT with extreme injection enhancement (2010)

A 1200V DB (Dielectric Barrier) IGBT with new surface structure and with extreme injection enhancement effect is proposed for the first time. P-base region is confined in the thin emitter layer and is almost separated electrically from drift region by the internal buried oxide layer. The new structure is electrically equivalent to the trench gate IGBT with very narrow mesa width and very wide trench width. The fabrication of the DB-IGBT does not need submicron process technology.
Interference detection through rasterization (1991)

Abstract Interference detection is a useful technique, but it is also generally time‐consuming. In this paper, a new type of interference detection algorithm is proposed for real‐time interference detection. The algorithm first rasterizes the projection of the target objects and calculates the z ‐values, just as done by the z ‐buffer visible surface algorithm. For interference detection, all z ‐values and pointers to the corresponding faces of objects are saved in a z ‐list for each pixel. Sorting the z ‐list against the z ‐values allows the detection of overlapping objects in the z ‐direction at each pixel position and, thus, finds interfering faces by referring to the face pointers in the z ‐list. The algorithm is simple and easy to implement. Its computational complexity is directly proportional to the number of polygons, and, in addition, standard graphics hardware can be used to greatly accelerate execution. Another advantage is that the algorithm can be applied to all ‘ray‐traceable’ objects, including algebraic surfaces, and procedurally defined objects; traditionally these were not suitable subjects for interference detection. The algorithm is implemented on a graphics workstation using a standard graphics library. Interference detection at a practical interaction speed is achieved for complicated objects such as polyhedra with thousands of polygons. The algorithm can be used in two ways: for inexpensive interference detection, and as an efficient culling method for more precise collision/interference detection algorithms.
Experiment with cross-stripe structured light system using Coon's patch formalism (2002)

A triangulation-based range-finding system composed of two stripe projectors and a camera generating a cross stripe is described. A method of reconstructing surfaces from the range data obtained by the system is shown. The technique utilizes Coon's path formalism, which interpolates the surface solely from the boundary information of the patch. Simulation and experimental results for the method are presented. A brief literature review is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Predicting outcome in malaria: correlation between rate of exposure to infected mosquitoes and level of Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia. (1994)

The level of Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia at clinical presentation has repeatedly been shown to correlate with severity of disease. Using data collected in western Kenya over 21 months, we examined associations between exposure variables, especially exposure to infective mosquitoes, and prevalence and density of P. falciparum parasitemia among 1,007 children six months to six years of age. The prevalence of P falciparum infection was similar at all exposure levels, but there was a correlation between exposure to sporozoite-infected mosquitoes over the previous 28-day period, and geometric mean parasite density of each cohort (Spearman rank coefficient = 0.724, P = 0.002). The relative odds of having a parasite density > or = 5,000/microliters was increased almost two-fold among individuals exposed to more than 10 infective bites during the prior 28-day period. Children enrolled during the highest incidence period were 80% more likely to have a density > or = 5,000/microliters relative to individuals enrolled during periods of lower incidence. The data suggest that measures, such as malaria vaccines, that reduce parasite densities by limiting numbers of sporozoites reaching the liver, or merozoites released from the liver, will reduce malaria-associated morbidity and mortality, even when they do not prevent all infections.
Practical Digital Design Using Ics (1977)

Approaching digital circuitry design progressively, this text covers simple circuits that are easily constructed in laboratories, as well as those used in memory systems, computers, and computer interfacing.
Proteins : structure, dynamics and design (1991)

The major goal of 'Expanding Frontiers in Polypeptide and Protein Structural Research' has been to bring the various avenues for the exploration of protein structures to a single forum. The idea of organizing the symposiwn was conceived by one of the editors, V. Renugopalakrislman, during the 9th International Biophysics Congress satellite symposium at Kibbutz Nof-Ginosar, Israel in 1987. It was originally supposed to dwell on 2D NMR and molecular dynamics of polypeptides and proteins. During the earlier part of the last decade, these two approaches began to emerge as powerful tools to probe protein structures at the atomic level in solution. The developments in molecular biology ushered in the capability to design polypeptides and proteins for specific application in science and technology. The emergence of 2D NMR and molecular dynamics was greatly facilitated by contemporary developments in molecular biology and protein engineering. Therefore an international symposiwn devoted exclusively to 2D NMR and molecular dynamics studies of proteins was felt necessary to bring two major approaches in a single forum. In addition to emphasis on 2D NMR and molecular dynamics simulation, the scope of the symposiwn included optical spectroscopy, protein design, and new horizons in protein structure. The symposiwn consisted of five plenary sessions devoted to NMR and optical spectroscopy as probes for protein structure, protein dynamics, computational methods in protein design, and new horizons in protein structure. In addition, five workshops in related areas, viz.
An electrocaloric device demonstrator for solid-state cooling (2013)

A prototype device was designed to demonstrate electrocaloric cooling of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 70/30 single crystals as active cooling elements. The test section was devised to investigate potential bulk cooling effects of the single-crystal materials under repeated electric-field cycles. Despite the low electrocaloric temperature changes measured by indirect method (Delta Tmax = 2.7K in 240 V), the test materials showed significant cooling rates under optimized device parameters compared to those of natural cooling conditions. It was emphasized that the pulse duration and frequency of the applied electric field play an important role in achieving high cooling rates in electrocaloric cooling devices besides high electrocaloric effects of test materials.
Mechanical Behavior of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Seal Glass-Boron Nitride Nanotubes Composite (2008)

Barium calcium aluminosilicate glass composites reinforced with about 4 weight percent of BN nanaotubes (BNNTs) were fabricated by hot pressing. Flexure strength and fracture toughness of the glass-BNNT composites were determined at ambient temperature. The strength of the composite was higher by as much as 90% and fracture toughness by as much as 35% than those of the unreinforced G18 glass. Pullout of the BNNTs was observed from fracture surfaces of the composite. Elastic modulus, density, and microhardness of the composite were lower than those of the unreinforced glass.
Nitric Oxide-Releasing Xerogels Synthesized from <i>N</i>-Diazeniumdiolate-Modified Silane Precursors (2013)

Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing xerogel materials were synthesized using N-diazeniumdiolate-modified silane monomers that were subsequently co-condensed with an alkoxysilane. The NO-release characteristics were tuned by varying the aminosilane structure and concentration. The resulting materials exhibited maximum NO release totals and durations ranging from 0.45-3.2 μmol cm(-2) and 20-90 h, respectively. The stability of the xerogel networks was optimized by varying the alkoxysilane backbone identity, water to silane ratio, base catalyst concentration, reaction time, and drying conditions. The response of glucose biosensors prepared using the NO-releasing xerogel (15 mol % N-diazeniumdiolate-modified N-2-(aminoethyl)-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane) as an outer sensor membrane was linear (R(2) = 0.979) up to 24 mM glucose. The sensitivity (3.4 nA mM(-1)) of the device to glucose was maintained for 7 days in phosphate buffered saline. The facile sol-gel synthetic route, along with the NO release and glucose biosensor characteristics, demonstrates the versatility of this method for biosensor membrane applications.
Condensation of diethyl acetonedicarboxylate. III. Isolation and acylation of diethyl acetonedicarboxylate-magnesium complex. (1981)

Diethyl acetonedicarboxylate (DADC)-magnesium complex, (DADC)2Mg (5b), was isolated from the reaction of DADC and MgCl2 with Et3N, or by the removal of coordination water from (DADC)2Mg·2H2O (5a). Compound 5b could be regarded as an intermediate in the selfcondensation of DADC to give 1, 2, 3, and 4. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of these products from 5b. Acylation of 5a, b was carried out. The reaction of 5b with acyl chloride gave the monoacylated DADC (9) as the main product. The reaction of 5a, b with diketene afforded diethyl homophthalate (4) and orsellinic acid (11) derivatives, formed by acylation and subsequent cyclization.
Edge Capacity Planning for Real Time Compute-Intensive Applications (2019)

Cloud computing is a major breakthrough in enabling multi-user scalable web services, process offloading and infrastructure cost savings. However, public clouds impose high network latency which became a bottleneck for real time applications such as mobile augmented reality applications. A widely accepted solution is to move latency sensitive services from the centralized cloud to the edge of the Internet, close to service users. An important prerequisite for deploying applications at the edge is determining initial required edge capacity. However, little has been done to provide reliable estimates of required computing capacity under Quality-of-Service (QoS) constraints. Differently from previous works that focus only on applications' CPU usage, in this paper, we propose a novel, queuing theory based edge capacity planning solution that takes into account both CPU and GPU usages of real-time compute-intensive applications. Our solution satisfies the QoS requirements in terms of response delays while minimizing the number of required edge computing nodes, assuming that the nodes are with fixed CPU/GPU capacity. We demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of our solution through extensive evaluation, including a case study using real-life applications. The results show that our solution maximizes the resource utilization through intelligent combinations of service requests, and can accurately estimate the minimal amount of CPU and GPU capacity required for satisfying the QoS requirements.
Preconditioning of c-plane sapphire for GaN molecular beam epitaxy by electron cyclotron resonance plasma nitridation (1998)

Nitridation of c-plane sapphire is commonly employed in molecular beam epitaxy of GaN, in order to improve the crystalline quality of the deposited layers. In this study, we use x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger sputter profiling, reflection high energy electron diffraction, low energy electron diffraction, and atomic force microscopy to examine chemical and structural properties of sapphire (0001) substrate upon exposure to nitrogen activated by an electron cyclotron resonance plasma source. Incorporation of nitrogen into the sapphire surface was verified with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and a monolayer of surface nitride is formed after approximately 60 min of nitridation at a substrate temperature of 620 °C. The thickness of the surface nitride layer is on the order of 4.5–6 Å for nitridation times ranging from 60 to 180 min, as estimated from the recorded nitrogen Auger sputter profiles. Reflection high energy electron diffraction gave clear evidence for formation of surface aluminum nitride, after prolonged (60 min) nitridation.
Synthesis of Building Blocks for the Development of the SUPRAPhos Ligand Library and Examples of Their Application in Catalysis (2008)

Abstract We have previously introduced the SUPRAPhos ligand library, which is based on components that are self‐assembled through nitrogen–zinc interactions, and report here an extension of this library, which widens the scope for application in asymmetric homogeneous catalysis. For example, we report the synthesis of phosphorus amidite appended porphyrins and building blocks with stereogenic centers at the phosphorus. With the new building blocks described in this paper we can form a 450‐membered SUPRAPhos library, which is based on 45 building blocks (30 pyridyl phosphorus ligands and 15 complementary porphyrin‐appended phosphorus ligands). Examples of the use of members of the library in the rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene are included. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
All-dielectric metasurface absorbers for uncooled terahertz imaging (2017)

Imaging in the terahertz (THz) range of the electromagnetic spectrum is difficult owing to the lack of high-power sources and efficient detectors. For decades, there has been tremendous effort to fashion focal plane arrays for THz imaging owing to the great number of potential applications. Here, we propose and demonstrate an alternative approach which utilizes all-dielectric metasurface absorbers that act as universal converters of radiation. Incident THz waves are absorbed by the metasurface, converted to heat, and subsequently detected by an infrared camera. We realize a metasurface consisting of sub-wavelength cylindrical resonators that achieve diffraction-limited imaging at THz frequencies without cooling. The low thermal conductivity and diffusivity significantly limit the thermal conduction between neighboring pixels, thus improving the spatial resolution and imaging time. Similar to conventional metallic-based metamaterials, our all-dielectric metasurface absorber can be scaled to other bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, offering a blueprint to achieve novel uncooled bolometric imaging.
Performance of Zolotarev and modified-Zolotarev difference pattern array distributions (1994)

The Zolotarev polynomial distribution is optimum for difference pattern synthesis in the same sense as the Dolph-Chebyshev distribution is for sum synthesis. In this paper the results of a comprehensive numerical evaluation of Zolotarev arrays are used to summarise the principal features of the distribution. It is demonstrated that many of these characteristics parallel those of its sum counterpart. A tapered-sidelobe difference pattern synthesis technique is then outlined, which parallels the generalised Villeneuve n distribution approach of sum patterns. Just as the Villeneuve procedure provides the array excitations for a discrete 'Taylor-like' distribution directly, so the present procedure allows direct synthesis of discrete 'Bayliss-like' distributions. In addition the approach is extended to incorporate a parameter which controls the sidelobe envelope taper rate.
First-principles DFT study for the structural stability of Hydrogen passivated graphene (H-graphene) and atomic adsorption of oxygen on H-graphene with different schemes (2014)

First-principles DFT levels of calculations have been carried out in order to study the structural stability and electronic properties of hydrogen passivated graphene (H-graphene) clusters. Two different shaped clusters, rectangular and circular, consisting of 6 to 160 carbon atoms and hydrogen termination at the zigzag boundary edges have been studied. The relative stability of rectangular shaped cluster consisting 96 C-atoms found to be 1.5% greater than that of circular shape cluster consisting same number of C-atoms. In comparing circular and rectangular cluster containing same number of C-atoms, the HOMO-LUMO gap of former have been predicted to be 2.159 eV and that of later just 0.346 eV. Adsorption of oxygen atom on H-graphene with different schemes including single sided, both sided and high concentration adsorption, was also studied systematically through first-principles DFT calculations by taking four different H-graphene clusters.