gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LEDGF/p75-Independent HIV-1 Replication Demonstrates a Role for HRP-2 and Remains Sensitive to Inhibition by LEDGINs (2012)

Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) is a cellular cofactor of HIV-1 integrase (IN) that interacts with IN through its IN binding domain (IBD) and tethers the viral pre-integration complex to the host cell chromatin. Here we report the generation of a human somatic LEDGF/p75 knockout cell line that allows the study of spreading HIV-1 infection in the absence of LEDGF/p75. By homologous recombination the exons encoding the LEDGF/p75 IBD (exons 11 to 14) were knocked out. In the absence of LEDGF/p75 replication of laboratory HIV-1 strains was severely delayed while clinical HIV-1 isolates were replication-defective. The residual replication was predominantly mediated by the Hepatoma-derived growth factor related protein 2 (HRP-2), the only cellular protein besides LEDGF/p75 that contains an IBD. Importantly, the recently described IN-LEDGF/p75 inhibitors (LEDGINs) remained active even in the absence of LEDGF/p75 by blocking the interaction with the IBD of HRP-2. These results further support the potential of LEDGINs as allosteric integrase inhibitors.
A NOTE ON THE TWO VERSIONS OF<i>LUCES DE BOHEMIA</i> (1970)

The original version of Luces de bohemia, published in the review España (July 31-Oct. 23, 1920), consisted of only twelve scenes. For the definitive text of the Opera Omnia edition (vol. 19) in 1924, Valle-Inclán, in addition to making minor stylistic modifications, incorporated three new scenes, bringing the total to fifteen. These were scene 2 (Zaratustra's bookshop), scene 6 (Max Estrella's dialogue with the Catalan prisoner) and scene 11 (the Mother and dead child in the Austrian quarter of old Madrid). Given the freedom of the play's loose narrative structure, Valle was able simply to insert the scenes at appropriate points without recasting the existing scenes. The main significance of the interpolations lies not so much in any new direction given to the action as in the resultant shift of tone and emphasis from the original 1920 text.
Abrogation of glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation by the synergistic action of IL-1, IL-6, and IFN-gamma (1991)

Glucocorticoids (GCS) inhibit the transcription of multiple activation-associated cytokine genes. By Northern blot analysis now we demonstrate that antiproliferative concentrations of dexamethasone and 6 alpha-methylprednisolone block mitogen-induced IL-2 gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in a concentration-dependent fashion. In addition, using a mitogen-induced proliferation assay of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes, we show that GCS-mediated anti-proliferative effects are not blocked by rIL-1, rIL-2, rIL-3, rIL-4, rIL-5, rIL-6, rTNF-alpha, rTNF-beta, and rIFN-gamma, individually at 1 to 1000 U/ml, but are totally abrogated, in a concentration-dependent fashion, by the combination of rIL-1, rIL-6, and rIFN-gamma (25 to 50 U/ml for each cytokine). Thus, blockade of cytokine expression is the primary mechanism by which GCS inhibit mitogen-driven and alloantigen-induced T cell proliferation. The immunosuppressive effects of GCS are almost certainly exacted at the level of cytokine gene transcription.
Automation for gravity freight classification yards (1955)

Recently developed speed-measuring and control systems automatically retard cars and guide them to classification tracks in modern gravity yards. Uncoupled from the train at the crest, “cuts” consisting of one car, or several coupled cars, having wide variations in rolling resistance select prior established routes and determine their own releasing speeds as they move by gravity to couple safely with other cars in the yard.
Two-chopper technique for measuring fluorescence lifetimes (1976)

This paper describes a two chopper technique for making fluorescence lifetime measurements when the pump source and the fluorescence are at the same wavelength. By pumping directly into the emitting state, delays due to relaxation from higher lying pump bands are avoided, while at the same time, the technique eliminates the problem of detector saturation when pumping directly into the fluorescing level.
Review of operating experience at the Los Alamos Plutonium Electrorefining Facility, 1963-1977 (1981)

This report reviews the operation of the Los Alamos Plutonium Electrorefining Plant at Technical Area 21 for the period 1964 through 1977. During that period, approximately 1568 kg of plutonium metal, > 99.95% pure, was produced in 653 runs from 1930 kg of metal fabrication scrap, 99% pure. General considerations of the electrorefining process and facility operation and recommendations for further improvement of the process are discussed.
High-density recording capability of granular media composed of Co-Pt grains and SiO/sub 2/ matrix (1998)

Co-Pt and SiO/sub 2/ granular films were prepared on a Cr seed layer. Co-Pt grains dispersed in the SiO/sub 2/ matrix discretely. Conical grains grew in contact with the Cr layer and spherical grains grew between the conical ones. Coercivity exceeded 2 kOe and coercive squareness reached about 0.7 at a remanent magnetic moment of 0.4 memu/cm/sup 2/. Activating magnetic moment was 10/sup -15/ emu and the index of the thermal stability was about 100. Bit error rate was held below 10/sup -5/ up to a linear density of 280 kfci. The recording pattern at the track width of 1 /spl mu/m was clearly visible. The Co-Pt and SiO/sub 2/ granular media have potential for 5 Gb/in/sup 2/ recording.
Enzymatic catalysis in cosolvent modified pressurized organic solvents (1999)

An important advantage of carrying out enzymatic catalysis in organic media is the increased solubility of hydrophobic substrates. This study compares a model lipase catalyzed esterification of cholesterol using vinyl acetate (VA) in two such nontraditional media: high-pressure hexane and supercritical (SCF) ethane. The effect of using one of the reactants (VA) as a cosolvent to increase the solubility of the other reactant (cholesterol) in SCF ethane has been investigated. The thermodynamic activity of water (aw) in the reaction media was controlled by the direct addition of the salt hydrate pair Na4P2O7/Na4P2O7.10H2O. The aw of the salt hydrate system is shown to be a function of pressure and its variation over the pressure range 104–173 bar has been estimated. The initial reaction rate in pressurized hexane was found to vary linearly with the cholesterol concentration. The reaction rate was also a function of pressure—the effect being more pronounced in ethane than in hexane. This is consistent with the large negative partial molar volumes observed in SCFs, although the sign of the resulting activation volume differs from previous investigations of lipase-catalyzed reactions in SCFs. When corrected for substrate concentration, the initial rate of catalysis in SCF ethane was determined to be greater than in pressurized hexane over the conditions investigated. This study shows that proper solvent choice can be used to regulate reaction rates in pressurized solvents. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 65: 258–264, 1999.
Obtaining and Using Globally Routable User Agent URIs (GRUUs) in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (2009)

Several applications of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) require a user agent (UA) to construct and distribute a URI that can be used by anyone on the Internet to route a call to that specific UA instance. A URI that routes to a specific UA instance is called a Globally Routable UA URI (GRUU). This document describes an extension to SIP for obtaining a GRUU from a registrar and for communicating a GRUU to a peer within a dialog.
High-Yield Biomass Charcoal (1996)

The theoretical yield of charcoal from biomass lies in the range 50−80% on a dry weight basis. In spite of the fact that mankind has been manufacturing charcoal for about 6000 years, traditional methods for charcoal production in developing countries realize yields of 20% or less, and modern industrial technology offers yields of only 25−37%. Moreover, reaction times for the batch process in an industrial kiln are typically 8 days. In this article we describe a practical method for manufacturing high-quality charcoal from biomass that realizes near-theoretical yields of 42−62% with a reaction time of about 15 min to 2 h, depending on the moisture content of the feed. Because of its high efficiency, this technology can help to reduce worldwide deforestation and pollution, while providing greater amounts of a desirable, renewable fuel and chemical resource to mankind.
Multichannel Equalization in the KLT and Frequency Domains With Application to Speech Dereverberation (2014)

Equalization of acoustic channels usually involves inversion of acoustic impulse responses (AIRs), and generally employs multichannel techniques. In this paper, we propose three equalization algorithms, one in the Karhunen-Loève transform (KLT) domain and the other two in the frequency domain. Our proposed algorithm in the KLT domain provides a platform to achieve equalization in conjunction with denoising. Existing multiple-input/output inverse theorem (MINT)-based non-adaptive algorithms require the inversion of a matrix with dimension that is proportional to the AIR length, and is computationally expensive. To overcome this limitation, we propose the frequency-domain algorithm which is computationally very efficient and thus can be employed for the equalization of high-order AIRs in practical applications. In addition, the frequency-domain method is more robust to AIR estimation errors. To achieve further reduction in the complexity without significant performance degradation, we then propose a modified version of the frequency-domain algorithm.
A Feedback-Signal Shaping Technique for Multi-Level Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulators with Clock-Jitter (2006)

A feedback-signal shaping, called phase shift technique, has been proposed to reduce the sensitivity of continuous-time delta-sigma modulator performance to the jitter in the sampling timing. The technique is applied to the multi-level modulators, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has been evaluated by simulation using an analog behavior model. It has been found that without the technique, the SNR decreases by 20dB/dec if the standard deviation ó of the jitter is larger than 0.2% that of the sampling period. In contrast, by using this technique, the SNR is kept at an ideal value, even if ó is as large as 5% that of the sampling period.
Expression of Three Caenorhabditis elegans N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase I Genes during Development (1999)

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha-3-D-mannoside beta-1, 2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnT I) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of Asn-linked complex and hybrid glycans. Studies on mice with a null mutation in the GnT I gene have indicated that N-glycans play critical roles in mammalian morphogenesis. This paper presents studies on N-glycans during the development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We have cloned cDNAs for three predicted C. elegans genes homologous to mammalian GnT I (designated gly-12, gly-13, and gly-14). All three cDNAs encode proteins (467, 449, and 437 amino acids, respectively) with the domain structure typical of previously cloned Golgi-type glycosyltransferases. Expression in both insect cells and transgenic worms showed that gly-12 and gly-14, but not gly-13, encode active GnT I. All three genes were expressed throughout worm development (embryo, larval stages L1-L4, and adult worms). The gly-12 and gly-13 promoters were expressed from embryogenesis to adulthood in many tissues. The gly-14 promoter was expressed only in gut cells from L1 to adult developmental stages. Transgenic worms that overexpress any one of the three genes show no obvious phenotypic defects. The data indicate that C. elegans is a suitable model for further study of the role of complex N-glycans in development.
On Iterative Compensation of Clipping Distortion in OFDM Systems (2018)

We consider an iterative compensation method to treat clipping distortion in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems with clipping. A conventional approach is using extrinsic information (EI) from a decoder to estimate and cancel clipping distortion iteratively. In this letter, feedback in the form of a posteriori information (API) from the decoder is investigated. Correlation may be introduced among messages in iterative processing when API is directly used as feedback. We show that carefully choosing a linearization model can suppress such correlation. Simulation results show that the API approach outperforms the EI one.
ASCL1 is a lineage oncogene providing therapeutic targets for high-grade neuroendocrine lung cancers (2014)

Aggressive neuroendocrine lung cancers, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), represent an understudied tumor subset that accounts for approximately 40,000 new lung cancer cases per year in the United States. No targeted therapy exists for these tumors. We determined that achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1), a transcription factor required for proper development of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, is essential for the survival of a majority of lung cancers (both SCLC and NSCLC) with neuroendocrine features. By combining whole-genome microarray expression analysis performed on lung cancer cell lines with ChIP-Seq data designed to identify conserved transcriptional targets of ASCL1, we discovered an ASCL1 target 72-gene expression signature that (i) identifies neuroendocrine differentiation in NSCLC cell lines, (ii) is predictive of poor prognosis in resected NSCLC specimens from three datasets, and (iii) represents novel "druggable" targets. Among these druggable targets is B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2, which when pharmacologically inhibited stops ASCL1-dependent tumor growth in vitro and in vivo and represents a proof-of-principle ASCL1 downstream target gene. Analysis of downstream targets of ASCL1 represents an important advance in the development of targeted therapy for the neuroendocrine class of lung cancers, providing a significant step forward in the understanding and therapeutic targeting of the molecular vulnerabilities of neuroendocrine lung cancer.
Implementing and evaluating jukebox schedulers using JukeTools (2003)

Scheduling jukebox resources is important to build efficient and flexible hierarchical storage systems. JukeTools is a toolbox that helps in the complex tasks of implementing and evaluating jukebox schedulers. It allows the fast development of jukebox schedulers. The schedulers can be tested in numerous environments, both real and simulated types. JukeTools helps the developer to easily detect errors in the schedules. Analyzer tools create detailed reports on the behavior and performance of any of the scheduler, and provide comparisons between different schedulers. This paper describes the functionality offered by JukeTools, with special emphasis on how the toolbox can be used to develop jukebox schedulers.
MudGet: Reproduction of the desired lighting environment using a smart-LED (2017)

Abstract With the emergence of smart LEDs, lighting based interior design is becoming popular. However, most of the smart LED-based lighting systems rely on expert-human intervention to create a desired atmosphere. For convenience, commercial lighting systems offer a number of options but their usability is fairly restricted. Therefore, an intuitive interface is required for novice users to generate the desired lighting environment. In this paper, we have developed a software, named MudGet, which automatically extracts the light mood from a digital image and controls the LED lamps to reproduce a desired lighting effect according to the extracted light mood. In our method, the light mood is regarded as a set of the representative colors of the digital image. The representative colors are extracted by utilizing K-means clustering algorithm. The dimming parameters are set for which each of the LED lamps create the lighting environment with the mood extracted by the software. To evaluate the feasibility of mood reproduction qualitatively, the degree of similarity between the light mood in the digital image and the reproduced result using LEDs is evaluated by a user study under a miniaturized experimental set. We observe that users can easily produce a desired atmosphere through the proposed MudGet software. Highlights An image based lighting design interface is proposed. The interface controls customized LED module wirelessly. Desired lighting effect is generated from the color clustering centers of image.
Separation and characterization of asphaltenic subfractions (2012)

The structure of the various asphaltenic subfractions found in crude oil was evaluated. For this purpose, C5 asphaltenes were extracted from an asphaltic residue using n-pentane as the flocculant solvent. The different subfractions were isolated from the C5 asphaltenes by the difference in solubility in different solvents. These were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray fluorescence, elementary analysis and mass spectrometry. The results confirmed that the subfractions extracted with higher alkanes had greater aromaticity and molar mass. However, small solubility variations between the subfractions were attributed mainly to the variation in the concentrations of cyclical hydrocarbon compounds and metals.
Augmentation of Transient Stability Limit of a Power System by Automatic Multiple Application of Dynamic Braking (1985)

Dynamic braking is known to be a powerful method of augmenting transient stability margins. Investigations of analytical studies supported by experimental verification using micro-machine model of a power system, are presented. A simple strategy based on speed deviation signal has been developed and successfully utilized for automatic single or multiple insertion of braking resistor, whenever required. The stability limit for a transient three phase fault is found to be appreciably raised. A fair degree of agreement between the analytical and experimental results enhances confidence in their reliability.
Nitric oxide as an antimicrobial agent: does NO always mean NO? (1998)

See article on page 334 

Nitric oxide (NO) synthesised from l-arginine subserves multiple physiological functions in the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and central and peripheral nervous systems.1 But synthesis of NO also contributes to host defence and seems to have cytostatic and cytotoxic effects against certain pathogens, and even against host cells themselves.1 How is this double act achieved? What determines the switch from physiological mediator to lethal gas and how is bacterial killing achieved?

The simple and standard answer to the dual action of NO is that its effects depend on the amounts generated and the local concentrations achieved. In the nanomolar concentrations generated by constitutive NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, NO acts as a cell signalling molecule and interacts preferentially with its physiological target enzymes—the most significant of which seem to be soluble guanylyl cyclase and possibly cytochrome C oxidase. At the higher concentrations generated when the other enzymes become targets for NO action the cytokine induced isoform of NOS (iNOS) is expressed in cells. Haem containing enzymes, enzymes with Fe-S clusters including aconitase, NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase, the non-haem metalloenzymes, ribonucleotide reductase and DNA itself are all susceptible to inhibition or damage when NO output is high. Consistent with this high versus low output explanation, soluble guanylyl cyclase and cytochrome C oxidase are reversibly affected by NO (stimulation and inhibition respectively) with near maximal effects occurring in the nanomolar range of NO concentrations whereas effects on other enzymes occur only in the micromolar range and are often irreversible.

Despite the simplicity and attractiveness of the low versus high output theory, it is almost certainly only partially correct. Many reports indicate that organisms which seem to be killed following induction of the l-arginine/NO pathway in immune cells are resistant to the effects of NO …
A New Approach to Generalized Singular Value Decomposition (2005)

We propose a new algorithm to find the generalized singular value decompositions of two matrices with the same number of columns. We discuss in detail the sensitivity of our algorithm to errors in the entries of the matrices and suggest a way to suppress this sensitivity.
Roundtrip Engineering using Unified Modeling Language with Rational Rose and JAVA (2010)

Sometimes documentation only available for the post delivery maintenance is the source code itself. This happens all too frequently when maintaining legacy systems, i.e. software in current use but developed not earlier than 15 or 20 years .Under these circumstances, maintaining the code can be extremely difficult. One way of handling this problem is to start with source code and attempt to recreate the design documents or even the specifications. This process is called Reverse Engineering. CASE tools can assist with this process. One of the simplest is a pretty printer, which may help display the code more clearly. Other tools construct diagrams such as flow charts or UML diagrams, directly from the source code, these visual aids can help in the process of design recovery.
The brain‐derived neurotrophic factor receptor TrkB is critical for the acquisition but not expression of conditioned incentive value (2008)

Stimuli paired with reward acquire incentive properties that are important for many aspects of motivated behavior, such as feeding and drug-seeking. Here we used a novel chemical-genetic strategy to determine the role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor TrkB, known to be critical to many aspects of neural development and plasticity, during acquisition and expression of positive incentive value by a cue paired with food. We assessed that cue's learned incentive value in a conditioned reinforcement task, in which its ability to reinforce instrumental responding later, in the absence of food itself, was examined. In TrkB (F616A) knock-in mice, TrkB kinase activity was suppressed by administering the TrkB inhibitor 1NMPP1 during the period of initial cue incentive learning only (i.e. Pavlovian training), during nose-poke conditioned reinforcement testing only, during both phases, or during neither phase. All mice acquired cue-food associations as indexed by approach responses. However, TrkB (F616A) mice that received 1NMPP1 during initial cue incentive learning failed to show conditioned reinforcement of nose-poking, regardless of their treatment in testing, whereas administration of 1NMMP1 only during the testing phase had no effect. The effects of 1NMPP1 administration were due to inhibition of TrkB(F616A), because the performance of wild-type mice was unaffected by administration of the compound during either phase. These data indicate that BDNF or NT4 signaling through TrkB receptors is required for the acquisition of positive incentive value, but is not needed for the expression of previously acquired incentive value in the reinforcement of instrumental behavior.