gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gambaran medication error pada fase prescribing dan administrasi pada pengobatan stroke di Igd rumah sakit X di Yogyakarta (2017)

Stroke murupakan keadaan gawat darurat yang memerlukan penanganan dengan cepat dan tepat di IGD, namun kenyataannya sering dilaporkan kejadian medication error (ME) di IGD. Keterbatasan waktu, kondisi klinis pasien dan kondisi Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) merupakan faktor yang diduga berkaitan dengan peningkatan kejadian ME di IGD. Belum diketahui dengan pasti berapa kejadian ME pasien stroke di IGD rumah sakit X dengan keterbatasan sarana prasarana. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan gambaran kejadian ME di IGD RS daerah dengan keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana di rumah sakit X. Telah dilakukan penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan pengambilan data pasien secara prospektif pada bulan Desember 2014 â€“ April 2015 di IGD Rumah Sakit X di Yogyakarta. Didapatkan sebanyak 106 pasien dengan kriteria inklusi subjek adalah pasien dengan diagnosis stroke non hemoragik maupun stroke hemoragik, baik dengan penyakit penyerta maupun tanpa penyakit penyerta. Dirawat dalam ruangan IGD di Rumah Sakit X di Yogyakarta pada periode penelitian yaitu selama Desember 2014 â€“ April 2015 dan bersedia terlibat sebagai responden dalam penelitian. Data obat dan riwayat pengobatan diambil dari catatan rekam medis. Peneliti melakukan wawancara dengan pasien atau keluarga pasien untuk melengkapi data riwayat pengobatan. Dari data tersebut dilakukan kajian terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya ME pada fase prescribing dan administrasi (cara pemberian) berdasarkan PERDOSSI. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan analisa monovariat untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik umum pasien (gambaran demografi), karakteristik klinik pasien serta gambaran kejadian, distribusi dan fase ME. Data gambaran kejadian, distribusi dan fase ME disajikan secara deskriptif (persentase). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah jumlah pasien yang berusia lebih dari 60 tahunÂ sebanyak 67 pasien (63,2%). Sebanyak 85,8% pasien didiagnosisÂ stroke non hemoragik dan sisanya sebanyak 14,2%Â didiagnosis stroke hemoragik. ME terjadi pada 104 pasien (98,1%). Distribusi kejadian ME pada fase prescribing dan administrasi per pasien adalah 28 pasien mengalami satu kejadian ME, 48 pasien mengalami dua kejadian ME, Sebanyak 20 pasien yang mengalami tiga kejadian ME, 8 pasien mengalami empat kejadian ME. Total kejadian medication error yang terjadi sebanyak 216 dari 106 pasien dengan nilai rata-rata 2 kejadian error per pasien. Medication error di fase prescribing sebanyak 98,11% dan medication error di fase administrasi sebanyak 61,32%. Kata kunci : Stroke, geriatri, medication error, prescribing, administrasi.
Aproximación a las especialidades procesales previstas en el artículo 46.5 LOTJ desde la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo: ¿qué ocurre cuando el acusado se niega a declarar en el juicio oral? (2010)

Un supuesto corriente en el Tribunal del Jurado se produce cuando el imputado declara en la fase oral algo absolutamente distinto de sus anteriores declaraciones (judiciales o ante la policia) o, simplemente, guarda silencio acogiendose a su derecho a no declarar. En estos casos, surge el debate de cual debe ser el valor de lo instruido en el ambito de la fase oral del juicio con Jurados. Una cuestion de especial relevancia si se considera la especial consideracion que merecia la pretendida «desvaloracion de la instruccion» en este nuevo procedimiento. En este sentido, resulta de especial importancia el examen de la doctrina jurisprudencial sentada por el Tribunal Supremo en relacion con el precepto que regula dicha contingencia: el art. 46.5 LOTJ.
Advanced Life Support--Baseline Values and Assumptions Document (2005)

155 pages Provider Notes:Here is an update to the combined document. I had to accept a lot of the changes because the file was starting to become unwieldy. (Accepting the changes reduced the file size by about 2MB. The main difference between this version and the previous version
Buprenorphine + Naloxone in the Treatment of Opioid Dependence during Pregnancy—Initial Patient Care and Outcome Data (2013)

These initial findings underscore the need for future research to systematically examine the relative safety and effectiveness of buprenorphine + naloxone for mother, fetus, and child.
Cell–cell contact interactions conditionally determine suppression and selection of the neoplastic phenotype (2008)

Separation of chemical and physical carcinogenesis into the stages of initiation (mutation) and promotion (selection) established that incipient neoplastic cells could persist in the organism indefinitely without expression. Spontaneous mutations associated with cancer also lie dormant in untreated normal tissue. Without selection, there is no tumor development. Experiments in cell culture showed that confluent normal fibroblasts suppress growth of contacting transformed fibroblasts, and that normal keratinocytes similarly suppress tumor formation by adjacent papilloma cells. With cells that are generally more susceptible to transformation, however, prolonged contact inhibition progressively selects mutants that favor neoplastic growth. Selection of individual mutant cells allows them to become a significant fraction of the population and creates an enlarged target for additional genetic hits. Crucially, this enrichment step, not the initial mutation step, is the numerically limiting factor in tumor development. Unexpectedly, variants that are resistant to spontaneous transformation are selected in vitro by growing cells for many low density passages at maximal exponential rate. Confluent cultures of resistant variants suppress the growth and normalize the morphology of contacting transformed cells. Varying the conditions for selection shows that tumorigenic transformation is preceded by intermediate steps of progressively higher saturation density that are increasingly permissive for the expression of the more neoplastic cells in the population. There is also evidence of increasing permissiveness with age of normal tissues in vivo for solitary cancer cells transplanted in their midst. Spontaneous transformation in culture can be used to identify dietary components that are required for promotion and may therefore be applicable in prevention of human cancer.
Early intervention with glucagon‐like peptide 1 analog liraglutide prevents tau hyperphosphorylation in diabetic db/db mice (2015)

Increasing evidence has shown that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Neurofibrillary tangles, which consist of hyperphosphorylated tau and misfolded microtubules, is one of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Db/db mice, a rodent model of T2D, also exhibited age-dependent tau hyperphosphorylation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics, a type of drug used in T2D, has been found to have neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to explore the potential effects of liraglutide (a GLP-1 analog), or insulin, on tau phosphorylation in T2D animals. Male db/db mice (3-3.5 weeks) were daily injected subcutaneously with liraglutide (n = 27), insulin (n = 27), or saline (n = 26), and five to seven mice were killed every 2 weeks for analysis of plasma and cerebrospinal (CSF) insulin levels by ELISA, and protein levels in the hippocampal formation by western blot. We found that db/db mice treated with saline exhibited an age-dependent decrease in CSF insulin and an increase in hippocampal tau phosphorylation. Liraglutide injection reversed the CSF insulin to ~1 mIU/L by the end of 8 weeks treatment, and prevented the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in the hippocampal formation. By contrast, insulin injection had no effects on CSF insulin or phosphorylation of tau protein. In summary, this study indicates that early GLP-1 analog intervention prevented the age-dependent tau hyperphosphorylation in T2D mice brain, probably by facilitating sequential activation in an insulin signaling pathway reflected in increased basal activation of Akt and basal suppression of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta.
A new definition of cavities for the computation of solvation free energies by the polarizable continuum model (1997)

A set of rules for determining the atomic radii of spheres used to build the molecular cavities in continuum solvation models are presented. The procedure is applied to compute the hydration free energy for molecules containing H, C, N, O, F, P, S, Cl, Br, and I at a computational level (Hartree–Fock with a medium size basis set) allowing the study of relatively large systems. The optimized radii reduce the mean error with respect to the experimental solvation energies below 0.20 kcal/mol for a set of 43 neutral solutes and around 1 kcal/mol for 27 ions. Moreover the correct trends are observed for the solvation energies of homolog series, like the series ammonia–trimethylamine, that are not correctly reproduced by usual solvation models.
Detection of Huanglongbing Disease Using Differential Mobility Spectrometry (2014)

The viability of the multibillion dollar global citrus industry is threatened by the "green menace", citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing, HLB), caused by the bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter. The long asymptomatic stage of HLB makes it challenging to detect emerging regional infections early to limit disease spread. We have established a novel method of disease detection based on chemical analysis of released volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that emanate from infected trees. We found that the biomarkers "fingerprint" is specific to the causal pathogen and could be interpreted using analytical methods such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/differential mobility spectrometry (GC/DMS). This VOC-based disease detection method has a high accuracy of ∼90% throughout the year, approaching 100% under optimal testing conditions, even at very early stages of infection where other methods are not adequate. Detecting early infection based on VOCs precedes visual symptoms and DNA-based detection techniques (real-time polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR) and can be performed at a substantially lower cost and with rapid field deployment.
Die atmosphärische Korrosion von Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen (1964)

Abstract Werkstoffe aus Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen unterliegen bei ihrem praktischen Gebrauch der atmosphärischen Korrosion. Die an der Außenatmosphäre entstehenden Korrosionsprodukte bilden vielfach auf der Werkstoffoberfläche eine festhaftende farbige Schutzschicht. Am bekanntesten ist die grüne „Patina”︁ bei Dachbedeckungen und dgl. Hierdurch unterscheiden sich Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen von allen übrigen Gebrauchsmetallen, denn bei keinem anderen Metall werden grüngefärbte Schichten erhalten, die z. B. in der Architektur erwünscht und verwertet werden. An der Innenatmosphäre bilden sich unter normalen Bedingungen von Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen korrosionshemmende Kupferoxid‐Anlaufschichten. Auch diese Eigenschaft wird in der Technik verwertet. Die Art, chemische Zusammensetzung, Struktur, Schichtdicke, Dichte, Haftvermögen und die weiteren Eigenschaften derartiger Schichten aus Korrosionsprodukten hängen wesentlich von ihren Entstehungsbedingungen auf dem jeweiligen Grundwerkstoff ab. Bei der besonderen praktischen und theoretischen Bedeutung der hiermit verbundenen Probleme liegen umfangreiche Angaben aus dem Schriftum und aus praktischen Erfahrungen vor. Über Einzelheiten und den derzeitigen Stand der Kenntnisse auf diesem Gebietȩ insbesondere über die Bildungsgeschwindigkeit der Schichten in Abhängigkeit des Gehaltes der Atmosphäre an Feuchtigkeit, Schwefelverbindungen, Chloriden, Nitraten Kohlensäure usw. wird berichtet.
Processing of Two Latent Membrane Protein 1 MHC Class I Epitopes Requires Tripeptidyl Peptidase II Involvement (2009)

The EBV Ag latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) has been described as a potential target for T cell immunotherapy in EBV-related malignancies. However, only a few CD8(+) T cell epitopes are known, and the benefit of LMP1-specific T cell immunotherapy has not yet been proven. In this work, we studied the processing of the two LMP1 HLA-A02-restricted epitopes, YLLEMLRWL and YLQQNWWTL. We found that target cells endogenously expressing the native LMP1 are not recognized by CTLs specific for these epitopes because the N-terminal part of LMP1 limits the efficiency of epitope generation. We further observed that the proteasome is not required for the generation of both epitopes and that the YLLEMLRWL epitope seems to be destroyed by the proteasome, because blocking of proteasomal activities enhanced specific CTL activation. Activation of LMP1-specific CTLs could be significantly reduced after inhibition of the tripeptidyl peptidase II, suggesting a role for this peptidase in the processing of both epitopes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the MHC class I-restricted LMP1 epitopes studied in this work are two of very few epitopes known to date to be processed proteasome independently by tripeptidyl peptidase II.
Communicating in the real world: 3D MIMO (2014)

Spectrum efficiency has long been at the center of mobile communication research, development, and operation. Today it is even more so with the explosive popularity of the mobile Internet, social networks, and smart phones that are more powerful than our desktops used to be not long ago. The discovery of spatial multiplexing via multiple antennas in the mid-1990s has brought new hope to boosting data rates regardless of the limited bandwidth. To further realize the potential of spatial multiplexing, the next leap will be accounting for the three-dimensional real world in which electromagnetic waves propagate. In this article we discuss fundamentals and key technical issues in developing and realizing 3D multi-input multi-output technology for next generation mobile communications.
Oxidative stress tolerance and longevity in <i>Arabidopsis</i>: the late‐flowering mutant <i>gigantea</i> is tolerant to paraquat (1998)

Recent genetic analyses of longevity in animals have revealed that long-lived strains are more tolerant to environmental stresses. To investigate whether extended longevity in Arabidopsis also correlates with an increase in stress tolerance, the response was tested of 11 late-flowering mutants to the superoxide radical-generating herbicide paraquat. A tight correlation between flowering time and paraquat tolerance was found when plants were exposed to low doses of herbicide. Furthermore, the mutant gigantea (gi-3) with the longest delay in flowering time had a high tolerance level to paraquat-induced oxidative stress. All the tested gi alleles had an increased tolerance to paraquat toxicity compared to wild-type, although the actual levels of tolerance differed. In addition, the gi-3 mutant was more tolerant to hydrogen peroxide. These results suggest that the link between longevity and oxidative stress resistance in plants is similar to that found in animals, implying that this phenomenon may be general for all aerobic organisms.
Cardiolipin on the surface of apoptotic cells as a possible trigger for antiphospholipid antibodies (2000)

This study provides evidence that cardiolipin (CL) molecules are expressed on the surface of apoptotic cells and are recognized by antiphospholipid antibodies, purified from patients with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). CL expression on cell surface was demonstrated by high performance thin layer chromatography analysis of phospholipids from plasma membrane purified fractions and by the positive staining with the CL-specific dye nonyl-acridine orange. This finding was complemented with the observation that aCL IgG purified from patients with APS bind to the surface of apoptotic cells. This staining shows a clustered distribution mostly localized on surface blebs. Interestingly, CL exposure on the cell surface preceded the DNA fragmentation, as shown by cytofluorimetric analysis. These findings demonstrate that exposure of CL molecules on the cell plasma membrane is an early event of the apoptotic cellular program that may represent an in vivo trigger for the generation of aCL.
Matrix Completion on Graphs (2014)

The problem of finding the missing values of a matrix given a few of its entries, called matrix completion, has gathered a lot of attention in the recent years. Although the problem under the standard low rank assumption is NP-hard, Candès and Recht showed that it can be exactly relaxed if the number of observed entries is sufficiently large. In this work, we introduce a novel matrix completion model that makes use of proximity information about rows and columns by assuming they form communities. This assumption makes sense in several real-world problems like in recommender systems, where there are communities of people sharing preferences, while products form clusters that receive similar ratings. Our main goal is thus to find a low-rank solution that is structured by the proximities of rows and columns encoded by graphs. We borrow ideas from manifold learning to constrain our solution to be smooth on these graphs, in order to implicitly force row and column proximities. Our matrix recovery model is formulated as a convex non-smooth optimization problem, for which a well-posed iterative scheme is provided. We study and evaluate the proposed matrix completion on synthetic and real data, showing that the proposed structured low-rank recovery model outperforms the standard matrix completion model in many situations.
HIGH SPEED SIDE IMPACT TEST RESULTS (1996)

High speed side impact tests were conducted on a light duty truck, a van, and a bus. Striking vehicles were automobiles for which an extensive database of frontal barrier impacts were available for comparison. Test results are presented in tables. Results include location of damage, crush width, target vehicle stiffness based on contact plus induced damage, and target vehicle stiffness based on contact damage only.
Transcriptome and targetome analysis in MIR155 expressing cells using RNA-seq (2010)

Previous studies have demonstrated the utility of microarray expression analysis to identify potential microRNA targets. Nevertheless, technical limitations intrinsic to this platform constrain its ability to fully exploit the potential of assessing transcript level changes to explore microRNA targetomes. High-throughput multiplexed Illumina-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides a digital readout of absolute transcript levels and imparts a higher level of accuracy and dynamic range than microarray platforms. We used Illumina NGS to analyze transcriptome changes induced by the human microRNA MIR155. This analysis resulted in a larger inferred targetome than similar studies carried out using microarray platforms. A comparison with 3' UTR reporter data demonstrated general concordance between NGS and corresponding 3' UTR reporter results. Nonharmonious results were investigated more deeply using transcript structure information assembled from the NGS data. This analysis revealed that transcript structure plays a substantial role in mitigated targeting and in frank targeting failures. With its high level of accuracy, its broad dynamic range, its utility in assessing transcript structure, and its capacity to accurately interrogate global direct and indirect transcriptome changes, NGS is a useful tool for investigating the biology and mechanisms of action of microRNAs.
Characterization of anticoagulant functions of protein S (2009)

APC resistance was discovered as an in vitro phenomenon that is characterized by a poor anticoagulant response of plasma to APC. This phenomenon was first reported by Dahlbck et al., who found that plasmas of a group of patients with a family history of venous thrombosis showed reduced anticoagulant response to the addition of APC 131 . About one year later a number of laboratories [132][133][134] showed that a common polymorphism, which is characterized by the replacement of Arg 506 by glutamine , is responsible for APC resistance. The inactivation of the mutated molecule (called factor V Leiden ) by APC is impaired and proceeds exclusively through proteolysis at Arg 306 . APC-mediated proteolysis at Arg 306 of factor Va and factor Va Leiden is enhanced approximately 20-fold by protein S, while proteolysis at Arg 506 is not affected 135 . However, effects of protein S on Arg 506 cleavage by APC that have been reported later are most likely explained by different phospholipid compositions 40,136 . Factor Xa is known to inhibit the APCmediated inactivation of factor Va 124,126,137 , which on its turn is counteracted by protein S 39 .
Lymphocyte responses to peptide M and to retinal S-antigen in uveitis patients. (1990)

A synthetic amino acid, peptide M18 (18 amino acids in length which correspond to the amino acid positions 303-322 of bovine S-antigen: DTNLASSTIIKEGIDKTV), is capable of inducing experimental autoimmune uveitis in monkeys and Hartley guinea pigs as well as Lewis rats. Recently, the amino acid sequence of human S-antigen corresponding to peptide M was found to be virtually identical to that of bovine S-antigen. To investigate the role of the epitope corresponding to peptide M in human uveitis, 21 patients with uveitis were tested for proliferation of peripheral mononuclear cells against peptide M18 and bovine S-antigen. Six of the 21 patients responded to S-antigen and 4 of these 6 patients responded to peptide M18. These findings show that peptide M18 is immunogenic in man and provide additional support to the hypothesis that the amino acid sequence which corresponds to peptide M might be involved in uveitic conditions in man.
Variation in the gene encoding a major merozoite surface antigen of the human malaria parasite<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (1986)

Plasmodium falciparum merozoites have a variable surface protein of about 195,000 molecular weight which may be involved in strain-specific immunity. We have cloned and sequenced a major portion of the gene encoding this antigen from the CAMP strain and have located sites of preferred mung bean nuclease cleavage around the gene. These sites depend on reaction conditions, but at 40% formamide and 2 units of mung bean nuclease per microgram DNA, the intact gene was excised from the chromosome. Comparison of the CAMP strain gene with the same gene from other strains of P. falciparum by matching available DNA sequences and by DNA hybridization revealed five regions of homology separated by divergent segments. Two of the variable regions encoded three amino acid repeats, predominantly Ser-Gly-Thr and Thr-Glu-Glu. Implications of these findings on the function of the antigen, and possible mechanisms for generation of variants are discussed.