gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Expansion and Contraction of an Elastomer Stamp Causes Position-Dependent Polymer Patterns in Capillary Force Lithography (2011)

It is often observed that polymer patterns fabricated by capillary force lithography (CFL) are not identical, position-dependent even in one sample. The drawback has not been successfully explained so far. This paper reveals that the position-dependent pattern is mainly caused by the volume expansion and contraction of the elastomer stamp during heating and cooling in the CFL process. The stamp expands on a polymer liquid on heating, accumulating the polymer at one side-wall of each pattern of the stamp. And the stamp shrinks back to the initial position, accumulating the polymer at the opposite wall of the stamp pattern. For crystalline polymers, the morphology was mainly determined by the annealing temperature, that is, the degree of expansion. The position-dependence of the morphology was enhanced as the annealing temperature was increased. For amorphous polymers, the morphology was sensitive to cooling rate. Fast cooling led to a frozen morphology generated at the hot annealing temperature, while slow cooling produced an opposite morphology from the one at the annealing. The experimental results were theoretically explained by analyzing thermal expansion of the stamp and the shear stress exerted in the polymer layer. In the conclusion, we added our suggestions to avoid the nonuniformity in the polymer pattern by CFL process.
Wearable Inertial Sensor for Jump Performance Analysis (2015)

Wearable devices enable the unobtrusive sensing of a wide range of human activities and the development of innovative applications. While the consumer market is pushing them particularly as activity or heart rate trackers, their adoption in healthcare is still restricted to few cases, primarily due to their limited accuracy and reliability. An interesting field of application is the jump performance assessment. It is frequently used by therapists to estimate neuromuscular imbalances, since it helps to monitor training progress in athletes or injured patients. Measurements are typically captured with accurate but expensive instrumentation (e.g. force plates). In this work, we propose the use of a versatile low-cost wearable device equipped with inertial sensors for the evaluation of jump height, which can be easily employed at home. We consider two categories of jumps, the counter-movement jump (a single vertical jump) and the plyometric jump (the fast repetition of 4 jumps). The proposed approach, after an initialization phase, uses gyroscope data to continuously track the orientation of the device and align it with the vertical plane and the accelerometer data to estimate the jump trajectory. To validate the system, we collected 200 jumps performed with our device and the Myotest and we observed a mean difference of 0.7 cm (max. 1.9 cm) for the counter-movement jumps and 0.6 (max. 2.1 cm) for the plyometric jumps.
Efficiency of pump absorption in double-clad fiber amplifiers I Fiber with circular symmetry (2001)

The paraxial propagation of spatially random monochromatic light in a fiber with an absorbing core is treated as a model for pump absorption in a double-clad optical fiber amplifier. Mode coupling caused by fluctuations of the index of refraction is considered a mechanism that increases the pump absorption and is analyzed in the speckle-mode approximation for the example of a Kerr nonlinearity. The original method of approximate images is described; it allows the use of a fast Fourier transform for numerical simulations in curvilinear regions. Simulations demonstrate the validity of the speckle-mode estimations. For a continuous-wave pump in silica fibers, the electronic Kerr effect is shown to be too small to enhance pump absorption; however, estimates show that the thermal nonlinearity may have a significant effect. The electronic Kerr nonlinearity in the cladding can be significant for a pulsed pump source.
Anisotropic Etching and Nanoribbon Formation in Single-Layer Graphene (2009)

We demonstrate anisotropic etching of single-layer graphene by thermally activated nickel nanoparticles. Using this technique, we obtain sub-10-nm nanoribbons and other graphene nanostructures with edges aligned along a single crystallographic direction. We observe a new catalytic channeling behavior, whereby etched cuts do not intersect, resulting in continuously connected geometries. Raman spectroscopy and electronic measurements show that the quality of the graphene is resilient under the etching conditions, indicating that this method may serve as a powerful technique to produce graphene nanocircuits with well-defined crystallographic edges.
Diarrhea in gnotobiotic calves caused by the reovirus-like agent of human infantile gastroenteritis (1976)

Gnotobiotic newborn calves were found to be susceptible to infection with the reovirus-like agent of human infantile gastroenteritis (HRVL). Infection was based on (i) seroresponse using immunofluorescence and (ii) fecal shedding of virus particles using electron microscopy. Virus was detected in fecal samples for at least 2 to as long as 7 days after inoculation, although peak virus concentrations were observed on days 1 to 4. Diarrheal illness was observed in seven calves on second to fourth serial passage of HRVL in calves but in none of four animals studied on first passage. Diarrhea began 15 to 30.5 h (mean = 22.3 h) post-inoculation and lasted less than 24 h; three of the seven animals that developed diarrhea were also depressed or anorectic.
A relationship between peak temperature drop and velocity differential in a microburst (1989)

Results from numerical microburst simulations using the Terminal Area Simulation System (Proctor, 1987) are used to develop a relationship between wind velocity differential and peak temperature drop. The numerical model and the relationships derived from the model are described. The relationship between peak temperature drop and differential wind velocity is shown to be valid during microburst development, for all precipitation shaft intensities and diameters. It is found that the relationship is not valid for low-reflectivity microburst events or in the presence of ground-based stable layers. The use of the relationship in IR wind shear detection systems is considered.
Nanosecond time‐resolved resonance Raman and absorption studies of the photochemistry of chlorpromazine and related phenothiazine derivatives (2000)

Nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman and absorption spectra of chlorpromazine and related phenothiazine derivatives were measured with the purpose of obtaining information on the photo-produced chemical species responsible for phototoxicity and photoallergy of chlorpromazine, a major tranquilizing drug. It was observed that the photoreaction of chlorpromazine in the nanosecond time domain involved four transients: T1 (absorption peak at 480 nm), cation radical CR (at 525 nm), and two unknown transients X (at 560 nm) and Y (at 380 nm). T1 was characterized as an n–π* state on the basis of resonance Raman results. The production of CR was a biphotonic process via S1 with 308 nm excitation. X was generated from CR and was converted into Y. Neither process was affected by oxygen. A species corresponding to X was also observed for 2-chlorophenothiazine but not for phenothiazine and promazine which have no C—Cl bond, suggesting that the generation of X may be related to a photoinduced cleavage of the C—Cl bond. It was not clarified, however, whether X is a direct product of the photo-induced dechlorination or a compound derived from it. Since the generation of Y from X was not affected by the presence of oxygen, Y is not a complex compound with O2. Chlorpromazine is known to be an order of magnitude more phototoxic and photoallergic than promazine and it therefore seems probable that either X or Y or both play important roles in the adverse side effects of the drug. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative Detection of Oxygen in Silicon Nitride on Silicon (1976)

The carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen levels in 500–2000Å films of CVD silicon nitride films have been measured using Auger electron spectroscopy in conjunction with inert gas ion sputtering. The quantitative depth distribution of oxygen throughout the film was determined and interfacial oxides 10Å thick were clearly resolved. Oxygen concentrations in various nitride films were observed to range from 0.4 to 7% (atomic), whereas carbon was below the detection limits. It was shown that bulk oxygen and carbon levels down to 0.05 and 0.2%, respectively, are detectable. The influence of oxygen on the silicon/nitrogen Auger peak height ratio was demonstrated and the presence of oxygen was correlated with changes in the optical index of refraction.
Machine Learning Methods for Reliable Resource Provisioning in Edge-Cloud Computing (2019)

Large-scale software systems are currently designed as distributed entities and deployed in cloud data centers. To overcome the limitations inherent to this type of deployment, applications are increasingly being supplemented with components instantiated closer to the edges of networks—a paradigm known as edge computing. The problem of how to efficiently orchestrate combined edge-cloud applications is, however, incompletely understood, and a wide range of techniques for resource and application management are currently in use. This article investigates the problem of reliable resource provisioning in joint edge-cloud environments, and surveys technologies, mechanisms, and methods that can be used to improve the reliability of distributed applications in diverse and heterogeneous network environments. Due to the complexity of the problem, special emphasis is placed on solutions to the characterization, management, and control of complex distributed applications using machine learning approaches. The survey is structured around a decomposition of the reliable resource provisioning problem into three categories of techniques: workload characterization and prediction, component placement and system consolidation, and application elasticity and remediation. Survey results are presented along with a problem-oriented discussion of the state-of-the-art. A summary of identified challenges and an outline of future research directions are presented to conclude the article.
Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution and Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy of Liposomal‐Delivered Hypocrellin A, a Potential Photosensitizer for Tumor Therapy (1999)

Hypocrellin A, from Hypocrella bambusae, is a novel photosensitizer of high singlet oxygen quantum yield for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Tissue distributions were studied in tumor-bearing mice as a function of time following administration. The tumor model was S-180 sarcoma transplanted into one hind leg of male Kunming mice; hypocrellin A (HA) was delivered to the mice by intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg of body weight as a suspension either as a unilamellar liposome or in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-solubilized saline. The HA was isolated from several tissues and organs, as well as tumors and peritumoral muscles and skin. Quantitation was performed by a high-performance liquid chromatographic technique with detection that utilizes the native fluorescence of HA. Independent of the delivery system, the dye was retained in tumors at higher concentrations than in normal tissues, except for kidney, liver, lung and spleen. The dye retention in tumors was high and was vehicle dependent. For the liposomal system, the maximal accumulation in tumor and maximal ratios of dye in tumor versus peritumoral muscle and skin occurred 12 h postinjection; for the DMSO saline system, the maximal ratio occurred earlier, 6 h postadministration. Liposomal delivery improved the selective accumulation of the dye in tumor with higher maximal levels in tumor and higher ratios of tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-skin. Levels of dye were very low or not detectable in the brain. The PDT efficacy of HA in the liposome and DMSO saline systems was determined by evaluating the tumor volume regression percent. The PDT efficacy of HA in liposomes was highest when light treatment was performed at 12 h postinjection, consistent with the highest retention of HA in tumors. Similarly, the maximal PDT efficacy in DMSO saline was attained at 6 h postinjection, the highest HA retention point in tumor. Moreover, the peak PDT efficacy of HA in liposomes was much higher than that of HA in DMSO saline and even hematoporphyrin monomethylether.
5-HT3 receptor antagonists attenuate dopamine-induced hyperactivity in the rat (1990)

The 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, ICS205-930, granisetron and zacopride, at low doses, inhibited the hyperactivity caused by a 13 day mesolimbic dopamine infusion in the rat. The antagonism decreased with the use of higher doses of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. The ability of low doses of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists to inhibit dopamine-induced behavioural changes is similar to the inhibitory profile of known antipsychotic agents. It is suggested that 5-HT3 receptor antagonists may represent a new class of atypical antipsychotic agents.
Fluctuation Spectroscopy: Determination of Chemical Reaction Kinetics from the Frequency Spectrum of Fluctuations (1973)

The kinetic parameters of a chemical reaction were obtained from analysis of the frequency spectrum of the fluctuations (i.e., "noise") in the concentrations of the reactants. In "fluctuation spectroscopy," no external perturbation is applied and the system remains in macroscopic chemical equilibrium during the experiment. Results obtained by this method for the dissociation reaction of beryllium sulfate agree well with those obtained by relaxation methods in which the approach to equilibrium is analyzed. Other noise sources not originating from a chemical reaction were observed and analyzed. The most prominent of these arose from the flow of an electrolyte through a capillary. The method of fluctuation spectroscopy should be applicable to problems of physical, chemical, and biological interest.
Strategies to Overcome the Low Status of Music in the Curriculum (1997)

Strategies to overcome the low status of music in the curriculum is based on an investigation undertaken late in 1993 into the music programs of three different schools. The intention was to quantify the changes which had been made to traditional programs and the participants' perceptions of these changes. The cases demonstrated the impact of recent Victorian Government initiatives in the Curriculum Standards Framework (CSF) and the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) and the way in which these have led to the introduction of practically-based performance music programs (usually rock music orientated) in the schools studied. The study indicates that a greater flexibility in approaching the teaching of secondary music has improved the access of students to music, and their enjoyment of it. The paper examines the implications behind the events in the schools observed, and notes common features which served to raise the status of music in the curriculum restructure which occurred. Factors such as high student participation in middle school elective music programs and closer links between classroom and instrumental music are noted. The paper suggests that strategies for increasing the status of music in the curriculum can be derived from the events observed. It is believed, for example, that VCE Music Performance is preferred to VCE. music as a subject because it is performance based. The relevance of the music studied to the students cultural background and the need for a shift in teachers' professional self- image is also noted. The paper concludes by establishing the links between clientele and subject matter, and between teaching strategies and the craft of music as important elements in raising the status of music in the curriculum.
Extraction of Fetal Heart-Rate Signal as the Time Event Series From Evenly Sampled Data Acquired Using Doppler Ultrasound Technique (2008)

Analysis of variability of fetal heart rate (FHR) is very important in prediction of the fetal wellbeing. The beat-to-beat variability is described quantitatively by the indices originated from invasive fetal electrocardiography which provides the FHR signal in a form of time event series. Today, monitoring instrumentation is based on Doppler ultrasound technology. We used two bedside fetal monitors with different processing methods for heartbeat detection and FHR signal determination: the autocorrelation and cross-correlation techniques. Both monitors provide the output signal in a form of evenly spaced samples. The goal of this paper is to present a new method for the FHR signal processing, which enables extraction of series of consecutive heartbeat intervals from the sampled signal. The proposed correction algorithms allow recognition and removal of the FHR signal distortions typical for fetal monitors--invalid and duplicated samples. The correction efficiency has been verified based on the FHR variability indices calculated for the sampled signal and the corresponding event series. For both monitors, considerable influence of the signal representation on indices values was noted. Concluding, we recommended implementing these algorithms in fetal surveillance system as a preprocessing stage for the determination of FHR variability indices.
Analyzing Privacy in Enterprise Packet Trace Anonymization. (2008)

Accurate network measurement through trace collection is critical for advancing network design and for maintaining secure, reliable networks. Unfortunately, the release of network traces to analysts is highly constrained by privacy concerns. Several anonymization schemes have been proposed to address this issue. Preservation of prefix relationships among anonymized addresses is an important aspect of trace utility, but also causes a number of vulnerabilities in trace anonymization. In this work we present a novel, systematic attack on prefix-preserving anonymization which can be efficiently executed by an adversary in possession of a modest amount of public information about the network. The attack is general (encompassing a range of fingerprinting attacks proposed by others) and flexible (it can be adapted to emerging variants of prefix-preserving anonymization). Perhaps most importantly, we develop analysis tools that allow data publishers to quantify the worst-case vulnerability of their trace given assumptions about the adversary’s external information. Using this analysis we quantify the trade-off between privacy and utility of alternatives to full prefix-preserving anonymization. 1
[Study of inhibitory effect of extracts from Actinidia arguta on human carcinoma of esophagus cells]. (2007)

The extracts from Actinidia arguta by n-butyl alcohol have good inhibitory effect on Eca-109 cells.
Cancellation of continuous periodic interference for PD detection (2004)

Practical partial discharge detection is generally impeded by noise and interference. Especially in case of on-line detection in the field, the signal-to-noise ratio of the partial discharge pulses can be low. Primary disturbance sources include continuous periodic interference, such as amplitude modulated radio broadcasts. Typically, this type of interference is eliminated by digital notch filtering. Filters may introduce PD pulse shape distortion, which is generally not desired. As an alternative, adaptive interference cancellation is presented. Moreover, a mixed-signal implementation is proposed that enables interference rejection prior to digitization.
Control of lymphokine production by protein kinase C. (1990)

As illustrated in Fig. 3, our understanding of lymphokine production is incomplete. Nuclear effects of PKC are probably mediated by phosphorylated substrates. Some of the substrates are themselves being identified as kinases and phosphatases, adding more complexity to the pathway. Use of resistant cell lines is one of the approaches that may help link early phosphorylation events with later transcriptional responses.
Association of Urinary Inflammatory Markers and Renal Decline in Microalbuminuric Type 1 Diabetics (2008)

Progressive renal function decline begins in one third of patients with microalbuminuria and type 1 diabetes. This study examined whether this decline is associated with elevated excretion of inflammatory markers in urine. Five inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interferon-gamma-inducible protein (IP-10), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1delta) were measured in urine samples from the First Joslin Study of the Natural History of Microalbuminuria in Type 1 Diabetes, a cohort recruited in 1991. Samples were obtained from 43 participants with microalbuminuria and stable renal function (nondecliners), from 28 with microalbuminuria and early progressive renal function decline (decliners), and from 74 with normoalbuminuria and stable renal function (reference). Urinary concentrations of all five inflammatory markers were significantly higher in decliners than in nondecliners, who were similar to the reference group. Multivariate analysis revealed that those with more than two markers elevated were more than five times as likely to have early progressive decline of renal function. In contrast, serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, IL-8, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1delta did not differ between decliners and nondecliners. These results support the hypothesis that inflammatory processes in the kidney contribute to the progression of nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Preparation and Performance of Asphalt Compound Modified with Waste Crumb Rubber and Waste Polyethylene (2016)

Three kinds of modified asphalt were prepared by adding waste crumb rubber (WCR), waste polyethylene (WPE), and WCR/WPE to base asphalt, respectively. The influence of different doses on the performance of modified asphalt, such as 25°C penetration, softening point, 5°C ductility, and 135°C, 165°C viscosity, was studied, and the modification mechanism of modified asphalt was discussed through the fluorescence microscope. As the waterproofing materials, the waterproofness of WCR/WPE compound modified asphalt was tested. The results show that the WPE modified asphalt has excellent resistance to high temperature and WCR modified asphalt has good low temperature resistance. The resistance to deformation ability of WPE modified asphalt is better than that of the WCR modified asphalt. The 135°C viscosity of compound modified asphalt is better than that of WPE and WCR modified asphalt. In addition, the waterproofness of compound modified asphalt using waterproofing materials is better than that of common waterproofing materials.
Salient Region Detection by UFO: Uniqueness, Focusness and Objectness (2013)

The goal of saliency detection is to locate important pixels or regions in an image which attract humans' visual attention the most. This is a fundamental task whose output may serve as the basis for further computer vision tasks like segmentation, resizing, tracking and so forth. In this paper we propose a novel salient region detection algorithm by integrating three important visual cues namely uniqueness, focus ness and objectness (UFO). In particular, uniqueness captures the appearance-derived visual contrast, focus ness reflects the fact that salient regions are often photographed in focus, and objectness helps keep completeness of detected salient regions. While uniqueness has been used for saliency detection for long, it is new to integrate focus ness and objectness for this purpose. In fact, focus ness and objectness both provide important saliency information complementary of uniqueness. In our experiments using public benchmark datasets, we show that, even with a simple pixel level combination of the three components, the proposed approach yields significant improvement compared with previously reported methods.