gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid polymer–metal oxide thin films for photovoltaic applications (2007)

We review progress in the development of organic–inorganic hybrid photovoltaic materials consisting of a conjugated polymer as an electron donor and a nanocrystalline metal oxide as the electron acceptor. We distinguish two main approaches: (1) where a rigid porous metal oxide structure is filled with polymer and (2) where metal oxide nanoparticles and polymer are co-deposited from solution to form a blend film. In the case of porous structures, performance is limited by the infiltration of polymer into the pores of the metal oxide and control of the nanostructure dimensions. In the case of blends, control of the blend morphology and transport between nanoparticles are limitations. In both cases, further improvements are possible by modifying the metal oxide organic interface to optimise charge transfer, by improving both inter- and intra-particle transport within the metal oxide phase, for example by the use of single crystalline nanorods, and by optimising the choice of electrode materials. Though unlikely to achieve the highest photocurrents, the polymer–metal oxide composites provide a model system to study the effects of interface properties and film morphology on the performance of bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices.
Millimeter-Wave Thermography Preliminary Clinical Findings in Head and Neck Diseases<sup>*</sup> (1979)

Millimeter wave thermographic studies of neck and head diseases are reported; they yield more diagnostic information about subcutaneous and even intracranial thermal abnormalities than conventional infrared thermography which is limited to cutaneous temperature measurements.
Balanced Sparsest generator matrices for MDS codes (2013)

We show that given n and k, for q sufficiently large, there always exists an [n, k] <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> MDS code that has a generator matrix G satisfying the following two conditions: (C1) Sparsest: each row of G has Hamming weight n - k + 1; (C2) Balanced: Hamming weights of the columns of G differ from each other by at most one.
Color reaction between pyrogallol red-molybdenum(VI) complex and protein. (1983)

A color reaction between pyrogallol red(PR) -molybdenum(VI) complex and protein was investigated. A spectrophotometric method using the PR-molybdenum(VI) complex could be used in the concentration range of 0 - 400 μg/10 ml of albumin, where the Sandell sensitivity was calculated to be 0.0048 μg/cm2 for albumin at 600 nm. A detection test of protein on a spot plate was also studied. The proposed method was applied to the determination of urinary protein; analytical results were satisfactory.
Determination of L-Ascorbic acid, tocopherol, carotene and chlorophyll in various teas. (1989)

各種茶に含まれるAsA,トコフェロール(α,β,γδ),カロチン(α,β)およびクロロフィル(a, b)を測定した. (1) 測定方法は, AsAが電気化学検出器を用いた逆相分配クロマトグラフィーで,カロチンおよびクロロフィルは非水溶媒を用いた逆相分配クロマトグラフィーで行った.また,トコフェロールは,フロリジルミニカラムを用いた前処理と順相分配クロマトグラフィーによる迅速かつ簡易な分析法を相発した. (2) AsAは,半発酵茶,発酵茶からはほとんど検出されず,煎茶,抹茶から12～367mg/100gの範囲で検出された.なお,煎茶の平均含量は167mg/100gであった. (3) トコフェロールは, α-トコフェロールがすべてから, γ-トコフェロールが一部から検出された.抹茶および煎茶におけるα-トコフェロールの平均含量は13.5mg/100gで,半発酵茶,不発酵茶より数倍高濃度であった. (4) カロチンは, β-カロチンが煎茶,抹茶,玄米茶から検出され(平均念量3.2mg/100g), β-カロチンがほうじ茶,ウーロン茶の一部を除いてすべてから検出された(平均含量27.9mg/100g). (5) クロロフィルは,ほうじ茶,ウーロン茶以外のすべてからa,b両方が検出され,煎茶についてカロチンとの相関を求めたところ,相関係数0.912の高い正の相関を示した. (6) 茶浸出液中のAsA,トコフェロール,カロチンを調べたところ, AsA以外はほとんどが検出されず,従って,茶に含まれる保健性成分を活かすには,抹茶などのように直接茶葉を摂取することが必要である.
THE ISOLATION OF α-AMYLASE FROM BARLEY AND MALTED BARLEY, AND A STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES AND ACTION-PATTERNS OF THE ENZYMES (1965)

α-Amylase has been isolated from barley and malted barley of the same sample of cereal. The barley α-amylase was purified free from other carbohydrases and phosphatase by a simple procedure involving heat-treatment to deactivate the β-amylase followed by fractionation with acetone at −5°C.; the specific activity of the enzyme was increased some 120-fold. Malted barley α-amylase was isolated similarly, although a final purification step involving the glycogen/amylase complex was used. The specific activity of this enzyme was increased some 140-fold. For both enzymes, the optimum pH was 5·5 and the optimum temperature 45–50°C. The malt α-amylase was inherently the more unstable, although stability could be maintained by the addition of inert protein or excess calcium ions. Inhibition of both enzymes was complete in the presence of mercuric chloride (10−3 — 10−4 m), and the conjoint action of trypsin and ethylenediaminetetraacetate. The rates of degradation of amylose by the two α-amylases have been followed viscometrically as a function of time. The results indicate that an initial random hydrolysis of the substrate occurs. Light-scattering measurements have enabled the initial rates of attack of the enzymes on amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen to be determined. The same trends in the production of oligosaccharides at the achroic point in the α-amylolysis of amylose were shown, and the specific action of the malted barley α-amylase on some oligosaccharides (G4, G7 — G10) has been studied. It is concluded that barley and malted barley α-amylase have identical properties and show the same action-patterns.
Chemical demonstrations : a handbook for teachers of chemistry. (1983)

EMISSION SPECTRUM FROM A CANDLE FLAME TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE EMISSION SPECTRUM FROM AN INCANDESCENT LAMP EMISSION SPECTRA FROM GAS DISCHARGE LAMPS COLORED FLAMES FROM METAL IONS LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES: VOLTAGE AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ELECTROGENERATED CHEMILUMINESCENCE CHEMILUMINESCENCE (CROSS REFERENCE TO 11 DEMONSTRATIONS IN CHAPTER 2, VOLUME 1) CHEMILUMINESCENCE FROM THE N2O/CS2 REACTION LIGHT ENERGY CONVERSION TO THERMAL ENERGY REFRACTION AND DIFFRACTION OBSERVING TRANSMISSION SPECTRA OF DYES DICHROIC GLASS: TRANSMISSION VERSUS REFLECTION IRIDESCENCE FROM A POLYMER FILM PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT TYNDALL EFFECT (CROSS REFERENCE TO DEMONSTRATION 9.41, VOLUME 3 WITH ADDED POLARIZATION OF SCATTERED LIGHT) RAINBOW BARBER POLE SUGAR SOLUTION BETWEEN POLARIZERS (CROSS REFERENCE TO DEMONSTRATION 9.51, VOLUME 3) BIREFRINGENCE OF CALCITE LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY THROUGH POLARIZER LASER LIGHT IS POLARIZED ADDITIVE COLOR MIXING SUBTRACTIVE PRIMARY COLORS PERCEPTION OF BRIGHTNESS IS RELATIVE HERMANN GRID ILLUSION FINDING THE BLIND SPOT THE LAND EFFECT: COLOR VISION IS RELATIVE SATURATION OF THE RETINA PERSISTENCE OF VISION IMPRECISION OF PERIPHERAL VISION PULFRICH PHENOMENON: PERCEPTION OF MOTION FLUORESCENCE AND PHOSPHORESCENCE OF BIPHENYL FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING OF QUININE BY HALIDES DIFFERENTIATION OF FLUORESCENCE AND PHOSPHORESCENCE PHOSPHORESCENCE EXCITATION: ENERGY AND COLOR RELATIONSHIP QUENCHING PHOSPORESCENCE WITH LIGHT THERMAL QUENCHING OF PHOSPHORESCENCE RESONANCE EMISSION FROM IODINE PHOTOCHEMICAL BLEACHING OF THIONIN PHOTOCHROMIC METHYLENE BLUE SOLUTION PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION OF CHLORINE AND HYDROGEN (CROSS REFERENCE TO DEMONSTRATION 1.45, VOLUME 1) SOLVENT EFFECTS ON SPIROPYRAN PHOTOCHROMISM AND EQUILIBRIA PHOTOCHEMICAL FORMATION OF RADICALS A COPPER OXIDE PHOTOCELL PHOTOBLEACHING OF CAROTENE MAKING A CYANOTYPE AN IRON(III)-OXALATE ACTINOMETER PHOTOREDUCTION OF SILVER HALIDE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE PHOTOCHROMISM IN ULTRAVIOLET SENSITIVE BEADS PHOTODISSOCIATION OF BROMINE AND BROMINATION OF HYDROCARBONS XEROGRAPHIC EFFECT
Specificity of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Delta-Endotoxin (1987)

The insecticidal activity of the delta-endotoxins of 14 Bacillus thuringiensis strains belonging to 12 subspecies was determined against Pieris brassicae, Heliothis virescens, and Spodoptera littoralis. Larvae of P. brassicae were highly susceptible to purified crystals of strains of B. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis and B. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni, whereas H. virescens responded best to B. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae and B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. The crystals of the B. thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus strain were the most potent against S. littoralis. It was shown that the solubility of the crystals within the gut of the three insect species is a first important step in the mode of action. Predissolution of the crystals especially enhanced the insecticidal activity against H. virescens. When in vitro-activated toxins were applied, the relative potency range varied greatly from one insect species to another. It can be concluded that at least three factors influence the potency of B. thuringiensis delta-endotoxins: the strain-related origin of the toxin, the degree of solubility of the crystals in the gut juice, and the intrinsic susceptibility of the insect to the toxin.
Factors Contributing to Seasonal Increases in Inoculative Freezing Resistance in Overwintering Fire-Colored Beetle Larvae <i>Dendroides Canadensis</i> (Pyrochroidae) (1998)

The insects and microarthropods that vary seasonally in susceptibility to cross-cuticular inoculation by external ice (inoculative freezing) represent a phylogenetically diverse group; however, few studies have explored possible mechanisms experimentally. This study documents seasonally variable inoculative freezing resistance in Dendroides canadensis beetle larvae and combines immunofluorescence, in vivo removal of epicuticular lipids and in vitro chamber studies to explore the roles of seasonal modification in the cuticle and in epidermal and hemolymph antifreeze proteins (AFPs). Seasonal cuticular modifications contribute to the inhibition of inoculative freezing since more cold-hardy larvae froze inoculatively when epicuticular waxes were removed with hexane and, in in vitro chamber experiments, cuticle patches (with the underlying epidermis removed) from winter larvae provided greater protection from inoculative freezing than did cuticle patches from summer larvae. The results indicate that seasonal modifications in epidermal and hemolymph AFPs contribute most strongly to the inhibition of inoculative freezing. Subcuticular epidermal AFPs were present in immunocytochemically labeled transverse sections of winter larvae but were absent in summer ones. Winter integument patches (cuticle with epidermis) were more resistant to inoculative freezing than were summer integument patches. Integument patches resisted inoculative freezing as well as live winter-collected larvae only when hemolymph AFP was added. The results also suggest that some integumentary ice nucleators are removed in cold-hardy larvae and that AFP promotes supercooling by inhibiting the activity of these nucleators.
Cysteine proteinase activity in arthritic rat knee joints and the effects of a selective systemic inhibitor, Z-Phe-AlaCH2F. (1988)

The role of cathepsin B, H and L activities in arthritic processes was studied histochemically using specific synthetic substrates in a postcoupling method on unfixed and undecalcified cryostat sections of rat knee joints. Only cathepsin B in synoviocytes, chondrocytes and fibroblasts showed a strong increase in activity due to antigen induced arthritis. The addition of a tissue stabilizer, polyvinyl alcohol, to the incubation medium enabled us to demonstrate extracellular enzymic activity within the articular cartilage matrix of arthritic joints. Both intravenous and oral treatment of the animals with a selective inhibitor of cathepsin B, Z-Phe-Ala fluoromethyl ketone (CH2F), during the development of arthritis suppressed the degree of inflammation and resulted in decreased intracellular and extracellular cathepsin B activity as detected histochemically, and less cartilage damage. Our study indicates that (a) cathepsin B-like activity plays a role in the cascade of proteolytic cartilage destruction, (b) chondrocytes and fibroblasts may well be involved in the breakdown of cartilage and ligaments, and (c) Z-Phe-AlaCH2F could be of therapeutic value.
Calcium Sensitivity of Neurotransmitter Release Differs at Phasic and Tonic Synapses (2005)

The efficacy of synaptic transmission varies greatly among synaptic contacts. We have explored the origins of differences between phasic and tonic crustacean neuromuscular junctions. Synaptic boutons of a phasic motor neuron release three orders of magnitude more quanta to a single action potential and show strong depression to a train, whereas tonic synapses are nearly unresponsive to single action potentials and display an immense facilitation. Phasic and tonic synapses display a similar nonlinear dependence on extracellular [Ca2+]. We imposed similar spatially uniform intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) steps in phasic and tonic synapses by photolysis of presynaptic caged calcium. [Ca2+]i was measured fluorometrically while transmitter release was monitored electrophysiologically from single boutons in which the [Ca2+]i was elevated. Phasic synapses released the readily releasable pool (RRP) of vesicles at a much higher rate and with a shorter delay than did tonic synapses. Comparison of several kinetic models of molecular events showed that a difference in Ca2+-sensitive priming of vesicles in the RRP combined with a revision of the kinetic Ca2+-binding sequence to the secretory trigger produced the best fit to the markedly different responses to Ca2+ steps and action potentials and of the characteristic features of synaptic plasticity in phasic and tonic synapses. The results reveal processes underlying one aspect of synaptic diversity that may also regulate changes in synaptic strength during development and learning and memory formation.
MPK-1/ERK pathway regulates DNA damage response during development through DAF-16/FOXO (2018)

Ultraviolet (UV) induces distorting lesions to the DNA that can lead to stalling of the RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and that are removed by transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER). In humans, mutations in the TC-NER genes CSA and CSB lead to severe postnatal developmental defects in Cockayne syndrome patients. In Caenorhabditis elegans, mutations in the TC-NER genes csa-1 and csb-1, lead to developmental growth arrest upon UV treatment. We conducted a genetic suppressor screen in the nematode to identify mutations that could suppress the developmental defects in csb-1 mutants. We found that mutations in the ERK1/2 MAP kinase mpk-1 alleviate the developmental retardation in TC-NER mutants, while constitutive activation of the RAS-MAPK pathway exacerbates the DNA damage-induced growth arrest. We show that MPK-1 act via insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway and regulates the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16 to mediate the developmental DNA damage response.
Rapid adhesive bonding of thermoplastic composites and titanium withthermoplastic adhesives (1986)

ADHESIVE bonding processes are often used in the aerospace industry for joining structural elements. Fiber-reinforced polymeric composite materials are particularly amenable to adhesive bonding because of load transfer uniformity. However, certain drawbacks in current adhesive bonding technology, including relatively long heating and bonding cycles, have limited its application. Advanced thermoplastic adhesives are candidates for adhesive bonding of titanium or composite structures. These thermoplastics do not require long processing times, but usually require processing temperatures above 600 °F to achieve strong bonds. However, because of the thermal inertia of fixtures and equipment, at least several hours in presses or autoclaves are required. Rapid adhesive bonding (RAB) concepts have been developed at NASA Langley Research Center (LARC) to utilize a toroid induction technique to provide heat directly to the bondline and/or adherends, without heating the entire structure, tooling, and support fixtures of a bonding assembly. Bonding times for specimens can be decreased by a factor of 10 to 100 compared to standard press or autoclave bonding.1 This paper focuses on rapid adhesive bonding of titanium and an advanced composite material (graphite-fiber-reinforced PEEK) using advanced thermoplastic adhesives. Bonding parameters, bond strengths at room and elevated temperatures, and the effect of thermal cycling or water boil exposures on bond strength are described. A promising nondestructive technique for evaluation of bond strength is also described.
Cellular defense in critically ill surgical patients (1984)

Cell-mediated immunity was examined using 4 recall antigens in 102 critically ill surgical patients treated in an ICU. There were 4 (14%) deaths in 28 patients with positive reactions (R), compared to 33 (45%) deaths in 74 nonreactors (NR) (p less than .01). Thirty-seven of the patients were admitted after trauma, and mortality in this group was not significantly different between R and NR patients. Repeat testing in 40 NR patients who remained in the ICU for more than 7 days showed that 30 remained NR (70% mortality) and 10 became R (20% mortality, p less than .001). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from the patients showed a reduced response to concanavalin A, but a normal response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. Mononuclear cells and granulocytes both showed a small increase in chemotactic response to casein, suggesting that the reduced response to skin testing may be partly due to defective T-cell function, rather than impaired phagocyte chemotaxis.
Rate-GOP Based Rate Control for High Efficiency Video Coding (2013)

In this paper, a Rate-GOP based frame level rate control scheme is proposed for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The proposed scheme is developed with the consideration of the new coding tools adopted into HEVC, including the quad-tree coding structure and the new reference frame selection mechanism, called reference picture set (RPS). The contributions of this paper mainly include the following three aspects. Firstly, a RPS based hierarchical rate control structure is designed to maintain the high video quality of the key frames. Secondly, the inter-frame dependency based distortion model and bit rate model are proposed, considering the dependency between a coding frame and its reference frame. Thus the distortion and bit rate of the coding frame can be represented by the distortion and bit rate of its reference frame. Accordingly, the Rate-GOP based distortion model and rate model can be achieved via the inter-frame dependency based distortion model and bit rate model. Thirdly, based on these models and a mixed Laplacian distribution of residual information, a new ρ-domain Rate-GOP based rate control is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed Rate-GOP based rate control has much better R-D performance. Compared with the two state-of-the-art rate control schemes for HEVC, the coding gain with BD-PSNR can be up to 0.87 dB and 0.13 dB on average respectively for all testing configurations. Especially for random access low complexity testing configuration, the BD-PSNR gain can be up to 1.30 dB and 0.23 dB respectively.
Retinoic acid reduces induction of monocyte tissue factor and tissue factor/factor VIIa-dependent arterial thrombus formation (1995)

Agents that downregulate the induction of monocyte/macrophage tissue factor (TF) activity may attenuate the thrombotic risk associated with mechanical restoration of vessel patency or artificial arterial grafting. In such events, procoagulant macrophages in the atherosclerotic plaque and procoagulant monocytes adherent to artificial materials may be exposed to the blood stream. Ishii et al (Blood 80:2556, 1992) reported that induction of endothelial TF is downregulated by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and Conese et al (Thromb Haemost 66:662, 1991) reported that retinoids downregulate monocyte procoagulant activity (PCA). These findings led us to investigate the effect of ATRA on monocyte TF expression, and to study the effect of ATRA on monocyte-induced thrombus formation in a model system of human arterial thrombogenesis. Induction of PCA in human peripheral blood monocytes by 0.5 microgram/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was dose dependently reduced by ATRA, reaching a reduction of 56% at 10(-5) mol/L ATRA (P < .0001). A 38% reduction (P < .0007) in LPS-induced TF antigen expression was observed at an ATRA concentration of 10(-6) mol/L. Adherence of monocytes to plastic cover slips (Thermanox, Miles Laboratories, Naperville, IL) also triggered induction of cellular PCA, which was inhibited by more than 80% by an anti-TF monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (P < .002). Inclusion of ATRA (10(-6) mol/L) reduced this PCA by 40% (P < .03), and the TF antigen expression by 30% (P < .0001). Exposure of Thermanox adherent monocytes to flowing nonanticoagulated human blood in a parallel-plate perfusion chamber device at an arterial wall shear rate of 650 s-1 elicited significant fibrin deposition and platelet thrombus formation. Partial interruption of this thrombus formation was achieved by 10(-6) mol/L ATRA, which reduced the fibrin deposition by 80% (P < .02) and platelet thrombus formation by 50% (P < .05). In comparison, incubation of adherent monocytes with the anti-TF MoAb before the blood exposure, reduced the fibrin deposition by 83% (P < .02) and platelet thrombus volume by 75% (P < .0008). Thus, ATRA is an effective down-regulator of monocyte TF-PCA, and may reduce thrombotic complications at sites of plaque rupture, at plaque disruption after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty procedures, or on surfaces introduced by artificial arterial grafting.
Ego-Motion Classification for Driving Vehicle (2017)

Accurate prediction of vehicle ego-motion in real time is crucial for an autonomous driving system. In this paper, we formulate the problem of ego-motion classification as video event detection, and we propose an end-to-end deep model to address this problem. In this model, we utilize Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to extract semantic visual feature of each video frame, and employ a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) to model the temporal correlation of the video streams. To study the performance of ego-motion classification, we constructed a video dataset-Campus20, which captured in general driving conditions. Experimental results on Campus20 verifies the superior performance of our proposed model over well established baselines.
Reuse of off-the-shelf components in C2-style architectures (1997)

Reuse of large-grain software components offers the potential for significant savings in application development coat and time. Successful component reuse and substitutability depends both on qualities of the components reused es wdf as the software context in which tbe reuse is attempted. DMiplined approaches to the structure and design of software applications offers the potential of providing a hospitable setting for such reuse. We present the results of a series of exercises designed to determine how weff "offtbe-shelf" components could be reused in applications designed in accordance with the C2 software architectural style. The exerases involved the reuse of two user-interface constraint solvers, two grephfce toolkits, a World Wide Web browser, and a persistent object manager. A subset of these components wee used to construct numerous variations of a single application (thus an application family). The exercises also included construction of a simple development environment for locating end downloading a component off the Web md incorporating it into an application. The papers ummarisee the style rules that facilitate reuse end presents the results from the exercises. The exerciaea were succeasfttf in a variety of dimensions; one conclusion is that the C2 style offers significant reuse potenfiat to application developers. At the same time, wider trials end additional tool support are needed.'