gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing Inhomogeneous Current Density Distribution in Graphite Electrodes by Design Variation (2017)

Inhomogeneous utilization of electrodes and consequent limitations in the operating conditions are a severe problem, reducing lifetime and safety. By using a previously developed laboratory cell setup, we are able to show an inhomogeneous retrieval of lithium-ions from a graphite electrode throughout the layer with spatial resolution for two different graphites. After provoking inhomogeneities via constant current operations, equilibration processes are recorded and are assigned to two different effects. One effect is an equilibration inside the particles (intra-particle) from surface to bulk whereas the second effect is an equalization between the particles (inter-particle) to reach a homogeneous degree of lithiation in each particle throughout the electrode layer. With the recorded data, we implemented a P2D model with multiple particle sizes and considered the electrode thickness in several separate domains. Using the relaxation data of intra- and inter-particle relaxation for parametrizing the model, we investigated the influence of different solid and liquid phase parameters. As the liquid phase parameters scaled via porosity and tortuosity showed the biggest impact, we performed a design variation study to achieve a more homogeneous utilization of the electrode. Structuring the electrode to lower tortuosity is identified as the most promising design variation for homogeneous utilization.
Approximate Dynamic Programming for Selective Maintenance in Series–Parallel Systems (2019)

The problem of allocating limited resources to maintain components of a multicomponent system, known as selective maintenance, is naturally formulated as a high-dimensional Markov decision process (MDP). Unfortunately, these problems are difficult to solve exactly for realistically sized systems. With this motivation, we contribute an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm for solving the selective maintenance problem for a series-parallel system with binary-state components. To the best of our knowledge, this paper describes the first application of ADP to maintain multicomponent systems. Our ADP is compared, using a numerical example from the literature, against exact solutions to the corresponding MDP. We then summarize the results of a more comprehensive set of experiments that demonstrate the ADP's favorable performance on larger instances in comparison to both the exact (but computationally intensive) MDP approach and the heuristic (but computationally faster) one-step-lookahead approach. Finally, we demonstrate that the ADP is capable of solving an extension of the basic selective maintenance problem in which maintenance resources are permitted to be shared across stages.
Adolescent and adult soy intake and risk of breast cancer in Asian-Americans (2002)

The association between soyfood intake and breast cancer risk is controversial. Most of the epidemiologic studies published on this topic in the 1990s were not designed to specifically address this question. We conducted a population-based, case-control study of breast cancer among Chinese, Japanese and Filipino women in Los Angeles County to further investigate the role of soy. Our primary objective was to quantify breast cancer risks associated with intake of soy during adolescence and adult life among Asian-American women. During 1995-1998, we successfully interviewed 501 breast cancer patients and 594 control subjects. Intake of soy among Asian-Americans is still relatively high; the median intake was 12 mg isoflavones/day, approximately one-third of that reported in a recent study in Shanghai, China. The risk of breast cancer was significantly inversely associated with soy intake during adolescence and adult life. After adjusting for age, specific Asian ethnicity, education, migration history and menstrual and reproductive factors, women who reported soy intake at least once per week during adolescence showed a statistically significantly reduced risk of breast cancer. There was also a significant trend of decreasing risk with increasing soy intake during adult life. When we considered soy intake during both adolescence and adult life, subjects who were high-soy consumers during both time periods showed the lowest risk (OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.36-0.78) compared with those who were low consumers during both time periods. Risk of breast cancer was intermediate among subjects who were high-soy consumers during adolescence and low-soy consumers during adult life (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.51-1.10). Based on a relatively small number of subjects, the risk did not appear to differ between those who were low consumers during adolescence and high consumers during adult life. Results remained similar after adjustment for other potential confounders including other dietary and non-dietary risk factors for breast cancer. These results show that high soy intake in childhood in Asian-Americans is associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Risk may be further reduced by intake as an adult.
An overview of methods for assessment of free radical activity in biology (1999)

Assays which purport to assess free radical activity in biological systems are multiple. However, despite numerous published descriptions of new methods and modifications of methods to assess free radical activity in biological materials, there is still a lack of reliable techniques for quantification of activity in vivo. Analysis of a number of related indicators and use of a variety of approaches appears the only reliable way to evaluate these processes in vivo. In studies of free radical generation by contracting skeletal muscle we have attempted to use a variety of indicators, including measurement of endogenous antioxidant levels, measurement of indirect indicators of free radical activity (e.g. products of lipid peroxidation, DNA oxidation or protein oxidation) and, where possible, measurement of direct indicators of free radical activity by electron spin resonance techniques. In view of the relative lack of specificity of many available techniques, caution should be exerted in evaluating the numerous examples of isolated single measures of free radical activity which are present in the scientific literature.
Flatness based control of a fuel cell-supercapacitor multi source/multi load hybrid system (2009)

This paper presents the flatness based control of a multi-source/multi-load electrical hybrid system (EHS) composed of a fuel cell and a supercapacitor-bank (SCB) as the main and auxiliary source, respectively. The main and auxiliary sources are connected to a DC link which has a floating voltage. This DC-power source supplies three independent 5V, 12V and 24V loads which are connected to the DC link through different buck converters. A flatness based method is used in this paper to control the hybrid system. For this purpose, the electrostatic energy stored on the DC link and also output capacitors are considered as the flat outputs of the system. Then, different reference trajectories are planned on these outputs and they are forced to track their references. The dynamics of fuel cell is limited by controlling the DC link voltage variation which is carried out by putting a filter on the reference of DC link trajectory. The proposed method does not contain commutation algorithm whereas the different operating modes exist. The implementation results are presented to validate operation of the proposed method in the multi source/multi load hybrid system.
Both Free-Living and Parasitic Nematodes Induce a Characteristic Th2 Response That Is Dependent on the Presence of Intact Glycans (2003)

Infection with parasitic nematodes is characterized by the induction of a profound type 2 immune response. We have studied the role of glycans in the induction of the skewed type 2 response by antigens of the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi as well as the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Lymph node cells from BALB/c mice immunized with soluble extracts of the two nematodes showed distinct antigen-specific proliferation and cytokine production; however, both nematodes induced antigen-specific interleukin 4 (IL-4) production, demonstrating that the induction of a biased type 2 response is not unique to parasitic nematodes. Sodium periodate-treated soluble extracts of both nematodes consistently induced significantly less IL-4 production than the respective mock-treated extracts, indicating that glycans play a critical role in the induction of the Th2 immune response by these nematodes. The glycan-dependent induction of the Th2-potentiating cytokine IL-4 occurs by 72 h postinoculation. Our data suggest that glycan determinants common to nematodes act as ligands, displaying distinct molecular patterns that trigger the immune system to launch a biased Th2 immune response upon exposure to these organisms or their products. Further, the similarity of our findings to those for Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen is striking considering the enormous phylogenetic distance between nematodes and trematodes. These data thus have important implications for how the mammalian host responds to widely divergent metazoan invaders and suggest that the powerful C. elegans model system can be used to address these questions.
Internal motion of the complex oscillators near main resonance (2012)

An analytical study of the two degrees of freedom nonlinear dynamical system is presented.The internal motion of the system is separated and described by one fourth order differential equation.An approximate approach allows reducing the problem to the Duffing equation with adequate initial conditions.A novel idea for an effective study of nonlinear dynamical systems consisting in a concept of the socalled limiting phase trajectories is applied.Both qualitative and quantitative complex analyses have been performed.Important nonlinear dynamical transition type phenomena are detected and discussed.In particular,nonsteady forced system vibrations are investigated analytically.
Properties of vanadium oxide thin films for ethanol sensor (1997)

Thin films of vanadium oxides for ethanol sensor applications were been prepared by means of rf reactive sputtering from a vanadium pentoxide target in an Ar–O2 atmosphere. Films with the best sensitivity and selectivity were obtained with 15% oxygen at a working temperature between 280 and 300 °C. These films show a very low sensitivity to CO, CO2, and CH4 and total insensivity to NH3.
Rapid generation of gene-targeted EPS-derived mouse models through tetraploid complementation (2018)

One major strategy to generate genetically modified mouse models is gene targeting in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, which is used to produce gene-targeted mice for wide applications in biomedicine. However, a major bottleneck in this approach is that the robustness of germline transmission of gene-targeted ES cells can be significantly reduced by their genetic and epigenetic instability after long-term culturing, which impairs the efficiency and robustness of mouse model generation. Recently, we have established a new type of pluripotent cells termed extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells, which have superior developmental potency and robust germline competence compared to conventional mouse ES cells. In this study, we demonstrate that mouse EPS cells well maintain developmental potency and genetic stability after long-term passage. Based on gene targeting in mouse EPS cells, we established a new approach to directly and rapidly generate gene-targeted mouse models through tetraploid complementation, which could be accomplished in approximately 2 months. Importantly, using this approach, we successfully constructed mouse models in which the human interleukin 3 (IL3) or interleukin 6 (IL6) gene was knocked into its corresponding locus in the mouse genome. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using mouse EPS cells to rapidly generate mouse models by gene targeting, which have great application potential in biomedical research.
Efficient and selective initiation by yeast RNA polymerase B in a dinucleotide-primed reaction (1981)

Yeast RNA polymerase B catalyzes an efficient abortive initiation on double-stranded DNA templates using the appropriate combination of primer and substrate. The specificity of initiation was investigated using a recombinant plasmid (pJD14 DNA) containing the structural gene for yeast alcohol dehydrogenase I (ADHI). The combination of the dinucleotide UpA and UTP was 10 fold more efficient with pJD14 DNA than with the vector pBR322 DNA to direct the synthesis of the trinucleotide UpApU. Under these conditions, stable enzyme-DNA complexes were formed and could be retained on nitrocellulose filters. Using the UpA-primed system and a short pulse of RNA synthesis, transcription complexes were located on the yeast part of pJD14 DNA as evidenced by agarose gel electrophoresis. Southern hybridization of the pulsed RNA was restricted to a region, within the yeast DNA fragment, upstream to the initial region of the ADHI gene.
Improved Renal Function in Children with Cystinosis Treated with Cysteamine (1993)

Children with cystinosis who are treated early and adequately with cysteamine have renal function that increases during the first five years of life and then declines at a normal rate. Patients with poorer compliance and those who are treated at an older age do less well.
<i>Ab initio</i>calculation of phonon dispersions in semiconductors (1991)

The density-functional linear-response approach to lattice-dynamical calculations in semiconductors is presented in full detail. As an application, we calculate complete phonon dispersions for the elemental semiconductors Si and Ge, and for the III-V semiconductor compounds GaAs, AlAs, GaSb, and AlSb. Our results are in excellent agreement with experiments where available, and provide predictions where they are not. As a byproduct, we obtain real-space interatomic force constants for these materials, which are useful both for interpolating the dynamical matrices through the Brillouin zone, and as ingredients of approximate calculations for mixed systems such as alloys and microstructures. The possibility of studying these systems using the force constants of the pure materials relies on the so-called mass approximation, B i.e., on neglecting the dependence of the force constants upon composition. The accuracy of such an approximation is tested and found to be very good for cationic intermixing in binary semiconductors, while it is less so for anionic substitutions. The situation is intermediate in the case of elemental semiconductors.
Role of Src‐family kinases in formation and trafficking of macropinosomes (2006)

Src-family kinases that localize to the cytoplasmic side of cellular membranes through lipid modification play a role in signaling events including membrane trafficking. Macropinocytosis is an endocytic process for solute uptake by large vesicles called macropinosomes. Although macropinosomes can be visualized following uptake of fluorescent macromolecules, little is known about the dynamics of macropinosomes in living cells. Here, we show that constitutive c-Src expression generates macropinosomes in a kinase-dependent manner. Live-cell imaging of GFP-tagged c-Src (Src-GFP) reveals that c-Src associates with macropinosomes via its N-terminus continuously from their generation at membrane ruffles, through their centripetal trafficking, to fusion with late endosomes and lysosomes. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) of Src-GFP shows that Src-GFP is rapidly recruited to macropinosomal membranes from the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles through vesicle transport even in the presence of a protein synthesis inhibitor. Furthermore, using a HeLa cell line overexpressing inducible c-Src, we show that following stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF), high levels of c-Src kinase activity promote formation of macropinosomes associated with the lysosomal compartment. Unlike c-Src, Lyn and Fyn, which are palmitoylated Src kinases, only minimally induce macropinosomes, although a Lyn mutant in which the palmitoylation site is mutated efficiently induces macropinocytosis. We conclude that kinase activity of nonpalmitoylated Src kinases including c-Src may play an important role in the biogenesis and trafficking of macropinosomes.
Efficient generation of lens progenitor cells and lentoid bodies from human embryonic stem cells in chemically defined conditions (2010)

The eye lens is an encapsulated avascular organ whose function is to focus light on the retina. Lens comprises a single progenitor cell lineage in multiple states of differentiation. Disruption of lens function leading to protein aggregation and opacity results in age-onset cataract. Cataract is a complex disease involving genetic and environmental factors. Here, we report the development of a new 3-stage system that differentiates human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into large quantities of lens progenitor-like cells and differentiated 3-dimensional lentoid bodies. Inhibition of BMP signaling by noggin triggered differentiation of hESCs toward neuroectoderm. Subsequent reactivation of BMP and activation of FGF signaling stimulated formation of lens progenitor cells marked by the expression of PAX6 and alpha-crystallins. The formation of lentoid bodies was most efficient in the presence of FGF2 and Wnt-3a, yielding approximately 1000 lentoid bodies/30-mm well. Lentoid bodies expressed and accumulated lens-specific markers including alphaA-, alphaB-, beta-, and gamma-crystallins, filensin, CP49, and MIP/aquaporin 0. Collectively, these studies identify a novel procedure to generate lens cells from hESCs that can be applied for studies of lens differentiation and cataractogenesis using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from various cataract patients.
Adsorption of Carbofuran on Soils from Water/Methanol Mixture (1994)

Adsorption of carbofuran on silt loam and sandy loam soils from water/methanol mixture at fs values 0.08 to 0.48 has been evaluated by batch shake testing at 25° and 50°C. These data were used to evaluate the cosolvent theory for describing adsoprtion of carbofuran for methanol-water mixtures. The measured adsoprtion isotherms were non-linear, Freundlich type and yielded ‘S’ shaped curves for soils at both temperatures. The higher adsorption of carbofuran on silt loam soil than sandy loam soil was anticipated with K and Kd values. Adsorptive capacity for organic matter (Kom) and clay content (Kc) was also evaluated and found that carbofuran adsorption was better correlated with clay content than organic matter content of the soils. On the basis of adsorption isotherms, various thermodynamic parameters such as thermodynamic equilibrium constant (Ko), standard free energies (Go), standard enthalpies (Ho) and standard entropies (So) changes have been calculated to predict the nature of isotherms.
Charge-coupled devices (1977)

The operating principles and applications of charge coupled devices (c.c.d.s) are reviewed. Initially, simplified quantitative explanations are given of the physical operation, design and defects of c.c.d. structures. Their application to time-delay signal processing in the time and frequency domains is next considered. This is followed by consideration of c.c.d.s as image sensors for television or similar uses. Finally, their value as digital storage and signal-processing devices is described.
Defense and Detection Strategies against Internet Worms (2003)

This is the first book focused exclusively on Internet worms, offering you solid worm detection and mitigation strategies for your work in the field. This ground-breaking volume enables you to put rising worm trends into perspective with practical information in detection and defense techniques utilizing data from live networks, real IP addresses, and commercial tools. The book helps you understand the classifications and groupings of worms, and offers a deeper understanding of how they threaten network and system security.
Facial Nerve Paralysis Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus in Mice: An Animal Model of Acute and Transient Facial Paralysis (1995)

We have been the first to succeed in producing an acute and transient facial paralysis simulating Bell's palsy, by inoculating herpes simplex virus into the auricles or tongues of mice. The KOS strain of the virus was injected into the auricle of 104 mice and the anterior two thirds of the tongue in 30 mice. Facial paralysis developed between 6 and 9 days after virus inoculation, continued for 3 to 7 days, and then recovered spontaneously. The animals were painlessly sacrificed between 6 and 20 days after inoculation for histopathologic and immunocytochemical study. Histopathologically, severe nerve swelling, inflammatory cell infiltration, and vacuolar degeneration were manifested in the affected facial nerve and nuclei. Herpes simplex virus antigens were also detected in the facial nerve, geniculate ganglion, and facial nerve nucleus. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of the facial paralysis are discussed in light of the histopathologic findings, in association with the causation of Bell's palsy.
A DNA binding protein from human placenta specific for ultraviolet damaged DNA (1976)

A DNA-binding protein specific for ultraviolet irradiated DNA has been purified extensively from human placenta. The binding preparation is free of exonuclease, polymerase, endonuclease, and N-glycosidase activity. The binding activity is salt dependent and is specific for double-stranded irradiated DNA. DNA from which the pyrimidine dimers have been monomerized by the action of photolyase (photoreactivating enzyme) remains an effective substrate for the binding protein, suggesting that the protein recognizes photoproducts other than pyrimidine dimers. This is supported by the finding that DNA irradiated under conditions which introduce only pyrimidine dimers is not a substrate for the binding protein. Examination of three of the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation groups has revealed no deficiency in this binding activity.
Scaling communication-intensive applications on BlueGene/P using one-sided communication and overlap (2009)

In earlier work, we showed that the one-sided communication model found in PGAS languages (such as UPC) offers significant advantages in communication efficiency by decoupling data transfer from processor synchronization. We explore the use of the PGAS model on IBM BlueGene/P, an architecture that combines low-power, quad-core processors with extreme scalability. We demonstrate that the PGAS model, using a new port of the Berkeley UPC compiler and GASNet one-sided communication layer, outperforms two-sided (MPI) communication in both microbenchmarks and a case study of the communication-limited benchmark, NAS FT. We scale the benchmark up to 16, 384 cores of the BlueGene/P and demonstrate that UPC consistently outperforms MPI by as much as 66% for some processor configurations and an average of 32%. In addition, the results demonstrate the scalability of the PGAS model and the Berkeley implementation of UPC, the viability of using it on machines with multicore nodes, and the effectiveness of the BG/P communication layer for supporting one-sided communication and PGAS languages.