gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selectively diversifying web search results (2010)

Search result diversification is a natural approach for tackling ambiguous queries. Nevertheless, not all queries are equally ambiguous, and hence different queries could benefit from different diversification strategies. A more lenient or more aggressive diversification strategy is typically encoded by existing approaches as a trade-off between promoting relevance or diversity in the search results. In this paper, we propose to learn such a trade-off on a per-query basis. In particular, we examine how the need for diversification can be learnt for each query - given a diversification approach and an unseen query, we predict an effective trade-off between relevance and diversity based on similar previously seen queries. Thorough experiments using the TREC ClueWeb09 collection show that our selective approach can significantly outperform a uniform diversification for both classical and state-of-the-art diversification approaches.
PRK1 Is Targeted to Endosomes by the Small GTPase, RhoB (1998)

RhoB has been shown to be an endosomal GTPase both by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, however, its role in endocytosis is unknown. Elucidation of the cellular roles of other members of this superfamily of signaling proteins has come with the identification of their downstream partners. We show here that the recently isolated serine/threonine kinase PRK1 is targeted to the endosomal compartment by RhoB. This is established both through immunofluorescence and cell fractionation. PRK1 is shown to interact with activated RhoB in cells and is localized to endosomes through its Rho-binding HR1 domain. Translocation of PRK1 to the endosomal compartment by RhoB is accompanied by a shift in the electrophoretic mobility of the kinase indicative of an accompanying activation.
A simple on-line randomized incremental algorithm for computing higher order Voronoi diagrams (1991)

Article Free Access Share on A simple on-line randomized incremental algorithm for computing higher order Voronoi diagrams Authors: Franz Aurenhammer Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 2-6, W1000 Berlin 33, Germany Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 2-6, W1000 Berlin 33, GermanyView Profile , Otfried Schwarzkopf Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 2-6, W1000 Berlin 33, Germany Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 2-6, W1000 Berlin 33, GermanyView Profile Authors Info & Claims SCG '91: Proceedings of the seventh annual symposium on Computational geometryJune 1991 Pages 142–151https://doi.org/10.1145/109648.109664Published:01 June 1991Publication History 16citation832DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations16Total Downloads832Last 12 Months55Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A Turbo Charged Dual Fuel HCCI Engine (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A 6-cylinder truck engine is modified for turbo charged dual fuel Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine operation. Two different fuels, ethanol and n-heptane, are used to control the ignition timing. The objective of this study is to demonstrate high load operation of a full size HCCI engine and to discuss some of the typical constraints associated with HCCI operation. This study proves the possibility to achieve high loads, up to 16 bar Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP), and ultra low NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, using turbo charging and dual fuel. Although the system shows great potential, it is obvious that the lack of inlet air pre heating is a drawback at low loads, where combustion efficiency suffers. At high loads, the low exhaust temperature provides little energy for turbo charging, thus causing pump losses higher than for a comparable diesel engine. Design of turbo charger therefore, is a key issue in order to achieve high loads in combination with high efficiency. In spite of these limitations, brake thermal efficiencies and power rating close to those of the original diesel engine are achieved with significant reduction in NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. The maximum efficiency is 41.2%, which is slightly lower than for the original diesel engine.</div>
"White-Faced" Swine (1941)

The term "Hereford" no longer refers specifically to the white-faced cattle that are seen the country over. A new breed of swine, the Hereford breed, has been developed with body color conforming to that of the Hereford breed of cattle.
[Systematic position of Streptomyces luteofluorescens]. (1975)

On the basis of the cell wall composition (the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and madurose sugar) and according to the morphological structure, Streptomyces luteofluorescens (type culture 719, ISP 5398) is transferred to Actinomadura genus. The organism is considered to be a new species of the Actinomadura genus -- Actinomadura luteofluorescens (Shinobu, 1962) Preobrazhenskaya et Lavrova, 1974, comb. nov.
Expression of the leukemic prognostic marker CD7 is linked to epigenetic modifications in chronic myeloid leukemia (2010)

These findings indicate a link between epigenetic modifications and CD7 expression in primitive CML cells.
Dynamic calibration of low-range silicon pressure sensors (2002)

Two methods of dynamic calibration of low-pressure piezoresistive sensors are presented and related to each other. The first method consists of the generation of standing waves in a tube of the length corresponding to the wave frequency. The change of the wave frequency allows one to obtain (step by step) the whole frequency response of the sensor. The second method consists of the recording of the down-step time response of the sensor. The main difficulty of the second method lies in obtaining the proper shape of the pressure drop. It has been found that the inlet tube length is essential in obtaining successful results. Comparison of both methods shows satisfactory agreement of the calibration results.
Disruption of α‐mannosidase processing induces non‐canonical hybrid‐type glycosylation (2007)

Golgi alpha-mannosidase II is essential for the efficient formation of complex-type glycosylation. Here, we demonstrate that the disruption of Golgi alpha-mannosidase II activity by swainsonine in human embryonic kidney cells is capable of inducing a novel class of hybrid-type glycosylation containing a partially processed mannose moiety. The discovery of 'Man(6)-based' hybrid-type glycans reveals a broader in vivo specificity of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, further defines the arm-specific tolerance of core alpha1-6 fucosyltransferase to terminal alpha1-2 mannose residues, and suggests that disruption of Golgi alpha-mannosidase II activity is capable of inducing potentially 'non-self' structures.
Quinoxalines. XII. : On the Reaction of 2-(Methylsulfonyl)quinoxaline with Active Methylene Compounds (1967)

Examinations were made on the reaction between 2-(methylsulfonyl)quinoxaline (I) and active methylene compounds, using ethyl cyanoacetate (IIa), ethyl acetoacetate (IIb), ethyl malonate (IIc), phenylacetonitrile (IId), nitromethane (IIe), and nitroethane (IIf). The reaction was first carried out in benzene, in the presence of sodium amide, and the products obtained were IIIa from IIa, IIIc and IIIc' from IIc, and. IIId from IId. Unexpectedly, no product was obtained from te reaction with IIb, and no reaction occurred with IIe and IIf. Next, the reaction was carried out in dimethyl sulfoxide, in the presence of potassium cyanide, and IIIa was obtained from IIa, while IVb to IVf were obtained from IIb to IIf. The sequence of this reaction is considered to be as shown by the reaction formulae in the text. It is still not clear what role potassium cyanide plays in this reaction. If I and potassium cyanide are heated in dimethyl sulfoxide, CN_ acts as a nucleophilic reagent and CH3SO2- group is- substituted to form V, and a small amount of VI is obtained at the same time. The results of these reactions and the products obtained therefrom are listed in Table I to III.
3D Segmentation by Maximally Stable Volumes (MSVs) (2006)

This paper introduces an efficient 3D segmentation concept, which is based on extending the well-known maximally stable extremal region (MSER) detector to the third dimension. The extension allows the detection of stable 3D regions, which we call the maximally stable volumes (MSVs). We present a very efficient way to detect the MSVs in quasi-linear time by analysis of the component tree. Two applications - 3D segmentation within simulated MR brain images and analysis of the 3D fiber network within digitized paper samples $show that reasonably good segmentation results are achieved with low computational effort
BMP-2 inhibits the tumorigenicity of cancer stem cells in human osteosarcoma OS99-1 cell line (2011)

Previously, based on high ALDH activity, we showed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) could be identified as ALDH(br) cells from an aggressive human osteosarcoma OS99-1 cell line. In this study, we evaluate the impact of BMP-2 on CSCs.Three types of BMP receptors were expressed in freshly sorted ALDH(br) cells. In vitro, growth of the sorted ALDH(br) cells was inhibited by BMP-2. Using RT-PCR analysis, BMP-2 was found to down-regulate the expression of embryonic stem cell markers Oct3/4, Nanog, and Sox-2, and up-regulate the transcription of osteogenic markers Runx-2 and Collagen Type I. In vivo, all animals receiving ALDH(br) cells treated with BMP-2 did not form significant tumors, while untreated ALDH(br) cells developed large tumor masses in NOD/SCID mice. Immunostaining confirmed few Ki-67 positive cells were present in the sections of tumor containing ALDH(br) cells treated with BMP-2. These results suggest that BMP-2 suppresses tumor growth by reducing the gene expression of tumorigenic factors and inducing the differentiation of CSCs in osteosarcoma. BMP-2 or BMP-2-mimetic drugs, if properly delivered to tumor and combined with traditional therapies, may therefore provide a new therapeutic option for treatment of osteosarcoma.
Efficacy of HCV core antigen detection during the preseroconversion period (2000)

HCV Ag testing permits the detection of an HCV infection about 1.5 months earlier than the HCV Ab screening tests and an average of only 2 days later than quantitative HCV RNA detection in individual specimens.
2'-Chloropentostatin: Discovery, fermentation and biological activity. (1985)

2'-Chloropentostatin (2-CP) is a new nucleoside antibiotic produced by Actinomadura sp. ATCC 39365. A selectively sensitive assay organism, Enterococcus faecalis PD 05045 (MIC 0.005 micrograms/ml) was instrumental in the discovery of this compound. 2-CP is a tight-binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (Ki = 1.1 X 10(-10) M).
Ultra-low power Digital System Design using Sub-threshold logic styles (2011)

The paper shows the implementation of digital circuit design using ultra-low power logic components. Fundamentals of Source coupled logic (SCL) gates are used with running at sub-threshold regime with the purpose of achieving low power consumption while keeping a satisfactory output swing. The digital system designed for this paper are 4-by-4 array multiplier and a fifty-fifth order FIR filter. The paper also includes modification of an STSCL (sub-threshold source coupled logic) inverter by adding controllable voltage-level feature to it, in order to minimize overall leakage current flow, including both gate and sub-threshold leakage. The modified STSCL inverter has been tested and simulated on a seven-stage ring oscillator design. The rest of the results for the designed digital systems are obtained by separate implementation of the circuits with CMOS and STSCL respectively. Simulations have been performed at similar supply voltage to observe the differences in power consumption. Consumption for the proposed technique came at nW range. All measurements are shown for both 45 nm and 65 nm process technology, with scaling of the supply voltage to an achievable minimum value of 0.4 V.
Biochemistry of cheese ripening (2004)

Rennet‐coagulated cheeses are ripened for periods ranging from about two weeks to two or more years depending on variety. During ripening, microbiological and biochemical changes occur that result in the development of the flavour and texture characteristic of the variety. Biochemical changes in cheese during ripening may be grouped into primary (lipolysis, proteolysis and metabolism of residual lactose and of lactate and citrate) or secondary (metabolism of fatty acids and of amino acids) events. Residual lactose is metabolized rapidly to lactate during the early stages of ripening. Lactate is an important precursor for a series of reactions including racemization, oxidation or microbial metabolism. Citrate metabolism is of great importance in certain varieties. Lipolysis in cheese is catalysed by lipases from various source, particularly the milk and cheese microflora, and, in varieties where this coagulant is used, by enzymes from rennet paste. Proteolysis is the most complex biochemical event that occurs during ripening and is catalysed by enzymes from residual coagulant, the milk (particularly plasmin) and proteinases and peptidases from lactic acid bacteria and, in certain varieties, other microorganisms that are encouraged to grow in or on the cheese. Secondary reactions lead to the production of volatile flavour compounds and pathways for the production of flavour compounds from fatty acids and amino acids are also reviewed.
Poly(aryleneethynylene)s (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Palladium-Catalyzed Polymerizations Different Palladium Schemes Ortho and Meta PAEs Macrocycles: an Introduction Synthesis of Monodisperse and Sequence-Specific PAEs Synthesis of Poly(phenylenebutadiynylenes) PPBs Palladium-Mediated Synthesis: Limitations and Conclusions Metathesis Polymerizations Macrocycles: the Continued Story Metathesis: Concluding Remarks Transition-Metal-Free Polymerizations More Complex Side-Chain Effects Post-Polymerization Modification Characterization of Poly(aryleneethynylene) Conclusion References
Actigraphy in the Critically Ill: Correlation With Activity, Agitation, and Sedation (2005)

Actigraphy provides a continuous recording of patients' limb movement. Actigraphy measurements correlate well with patients' observed activity and with subjective scores on agitation and sedation scales. Actigraphy may become particularly important as a continuous measurement of activity for use in behavioral research and may enhance early recognition and management of the excessive activity that characterizes agitation.
Purely URL-based topic classification (2009)

Given only the URL of a web page, can we identify its topic? This is the question that we examine in this paper. Usually, web pages are classified using their content, but a URL-only classifier is preferable, (i) when speed is crucial, (ii) to enable content filtering before an (objection-able) web page is downloaded, (iii) when a page's content is hidden in images, (iv) to annotate hyperlinks in a personalized web browser, without fetching the target page, and (v) when a focused crawler wants to infer the topic of a target page before devoting bandwidth to download it. We apply a machine learning approach to the topic identification task and evaluate its performance in extensive experiments on categorized web pages from the Open Directory Project (ODP). When training separate binary classifiers for each topic, we achieve typical F-measure values between 80 and 85, and a typical precision of around 85. We also ran experiments on a small data set of university web pages. For the task of classifying these pages into faculty, student, course and project pages, our methods improve over previous approaches by 13.8 points of F-measure.
Catecholamines induce an increase in nerve growth factor content in the medium of mouse L-M cells. (1986)

L-M cells, a mouse fibroblast cell line, synthesized and secreted a nerve growth factor (NGF). The neurite outgrowth stimulatory activity, immunoreactivity, molecular weight, and isoelectric point of L-M cell NGF were identical to those of beta-NGF of the mouse submaxillary gland. Treatment of the cells with either norepinephrine or epinephrine in the range of 0.05-0.2 mM for 24 h resulted in a 3-20-fold increase in NGF content in the medium of the L-M cells. The NGF of epinephrine-treated cell was identical to that of control cell. The stimulation of the increase in NGF content was observed after a 4-h lag time. The rate of incorporation of [3H]leucine into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble materials was essentially unchanged during the treatment. These results suggested that norepinephrine and epinephrine stimulated the de novo synthesis and secretion of NGF protein. Evidence is also presented to indicate that the effects of the drugs are due to the catechol part of the molecule and not mediated by adrenergic receptors.
Actions of the ORL1 receptor ligand nociceptin on membrane properties of rat periaqueductal gray neurons in vitro. (1997)

The actions of the endogenous ORL1-receptor ligand nociceptin on the membrane properties and synaptic currents in rat periaqueductal gray (PAG) neurons were examined by the use of whole-cell patch-clamp recording in brain slices. Nociceptin produced an outward current in all neurons tested, with an EC50 of 39 +/- 7 nM. The outward current was unaffected by naloxone. Outward currents reversed polarity at -110 +/- 3 mV in 2.5 mM extracellular potassium, and the reversal potential increased when the extracellular potassium concentration was raised (slope = 66.3 mV/log[K+]o mM). Thus, the nociceptin-induced outward current was attributable to an increased K+ conductance. Nociceptin inhibited evoked fast GABAergic (IP-SCs) and glutamatergic (EPSCs) postsynaptic currents and increased paired-pulse facilitation in a subpopulation of PAG neurons. Nociceptin inhibited evoked IPSCs and EPSCs in approximately 50% of neurons throughout the PAG, except in the ventrolateral PAG, where nociceptin inhibited evoked IPSCs in most neurons. Nociceptin decreased the frequency of spontaneous miniature postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs and mEPSCs) in a subpopulation of PAG neurons but had no effect on their amplitude distributions. Thus, nociceptin had a presynaptic inhibitory effect on transmitter release. These findings suggest that nociceptin, via its pre- and postsynaptic actions, has the potential to modulate the analgesic, behavioral, and autonomic functions of the PAG.
Understanding, modeling and optimizing vacancy engineering for stable highly boron-doped ultrashallow junctions (2005)

This work presents breakthrough results on the physics, modeling and application of ion-implanted vacancies for high-performance B-doped ultrashallow junctions. We demonstrate for the first time electrically active B concentrations approaching 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , achieved by low-temperature annealing, without preamorphisation. Source/drain (S/D) junctions formed by advanced vacancy engineering implants (VEI) are activated far above solubility, are stable with respect to deactivation, and are practically diffusionless. Furthermore sheet resistance R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> is predicted to stay almost constant with decreasing junction depth X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> outperforming other S/D engineering approaches beyond the 45 nm node
Advances in streak camera instrumentation for the study of biological and physical processes (1984)

Advanced streak camera technology and related instrumentation are reviewed. Streak cameras Combined with a direct video readout provide real-time and two-dimensional analysis to measure picosecond luminous phenomena with a detection sensitivity of a few photoelectrons. Streak cameras can be used to analyze luminous processes in the biological and medical fields.
SHORTER NOTICES (2001)

SHORTER NOTICES Get access Lines of Most Resistance: The Lords, The Tories and Ireland, 1886–1914, by Edward Pearce (London: Little, Brown and Co., 1999; pp. 535. £18.99). JOHN BROWN JOHN BROWN University of Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXVI, Issue 468, September 2001, Pages 998–999, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CXVI.468.998 Published: 01 September 2001
Plastic deformation of a continuous organic light emitting surface (2006)

A continuous organic light emitting diode (OLED) surface was shaped by plastic deformation from flat to dome. The OLED dome, now under an average tensile strain of 2.2%, remained operational. This shapeability is achieved by combining a substrate and a device structure that keep functioning in the plastic deformation regime. The technique of conformally shaping a continuous macroelectronic surface could become useful for the manufacture of arbitrarily shaped solid state light sources and mechanical transducers.
Structure, chemistry, and growth mechanisms of photovoltaic quality thin-film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 grown from a mixed-phase precursor (1995)

The formation chemistry and growth dynamics of thin-film CuInSe2 grown by physical vapor deposition have been considered along the reaction path leading from the CuxSe:CuInSe2 two-phase region to single-phase CuInSe2. The (Cu2Se)β(CuInSe2)1−β (0&lt;β≤1) mixed-phase precursor is created in a manner consistent with a liquid-phase assisted growth process. At substrate temperatures above 500 °C and in the presence of excess Se, the film structure is columnar through the film thickness with column diameters in the range of 2.0–5.0 μm. Films deposited on glass are described as highly oriented with nearly exclusive (112) crystalline orientation. CuInSe2:CuxSe phase separation is identified and occurs primarily normal to the substrate plane at free surfaces. Single-phase CuInSe2 is created by the conversion of the CuxSe into CuInSe2 upon exposure to In and Se activity. Noninterrupted columnar growth continues at substrate temperatures above 500 °C. The addition of In in excess of that required for conversion produces an In-rich near-surface region with a CuIn3Se5 surface chemistry. A model is developed that describes the growth process. The model provides a vision for the production of thin-film CuInSe2 in industrial scale systems. Photovoltaic devices incorporating Ga with total-area efficiencies of 14.4%–16.4% have been produced by this process and variations on this process.
Partial purification and specificity studies of the <scp>d</scp>‐glutamate‐adding and <scp>d</scp>‐alanyl‐<scp>d</scp>‐alanine‐adding enzymes from <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 (1987)

The D-glutamate-adding and D-alanyl-D-alanine-adding enzymes from Escherichia coli were partially purified by fast protein liquid chromatography on an anion exchanger. Their relative molecular masses, determined by gel filtration on Superose 12, were 54,000 +/- 2000 and 51,000 +/- 2000, respectively. In order to investigate the specificity of these ligases, several compounds derived from their respective nucleotide substrates were prepared. In the case of the D-Glu-adding enzyme, DDP-MurNAc-L-Ala (DDP = dihydrouridine 5'-diphosphate) and P1-MurNAc-L-Ala were substrates of the reaction. In the case of the D-Ala-D-Ala-adding enzyme, only DDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu(-meso-A2pm) was a substrate; P1-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu(-meso-A2pm) was neither a substrate nor an inhibitor. Concerning the amino acid site of the D-Glu-adding enzyme, even closely related analogues of D-glutamate hardly inhibited the reaction.