gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of polysaccharides isolated from the brown algae Dictyopteris polypodioides growing on the Lebanese coast (2013)

Article history: In this study, we attempt to isolate the polysaccharides from the brown seaweed Dictyopteris polypodioides (Dp) growing on the Lebanese coast. The percentages of the main polysaccharide alginic acid were 4.6% in May and 6.25% in July. The extracted yields of Fucoidan, Laminaran and Mannuronan (FLM) and Mannuronan (M) alone were respectively 0.75% and 0.38% in May and 1.15% and 0.67% in July. We performed the infrared spectroscopy in order to reveal the functional groups of alginate and mannuronan. Moreover, a non-destructive technique ¹ H NMR was used to determine the structure of alginate and the distribution of guluronic (G) and mannuronic acid (M) in the chain, allowing us therefore to calculate the ratio M/G. The latter was 0.96 showing a strong ability of alginate to capture heavy metals. The analysis of trace elements showed great amounts of K, Si, Na and Mg in both seasons. Moreover, Dictyopteris appears to be rich in fatty acids (10 items) with palmitic and oleic acids as main fatty acids. Furthermore, the anticoagulant activity of polysaccharides was investigated by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) clotting assay and the antioxidant activity was studied by electrolysis method. It has been shown that the FLM and M fractions of Dictyopteris polypodioides have a significant antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. Further investigations are imperative in order to develop new molecules based on these polysaccharides to be used as drugs or for healthcare in general.
Purification and properties of the 5,10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (1986)

The 5,10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum was purified 128-fold to homogeneity. The enzyme had a subunit Mr of 41,000 as indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From high-performance size exclusion chromatography of the native protein, an Mr of 82,000 was determined, suggesting a dimer of identical subunits. The enzyme was inhibited by 10-formyltetrahydromethanopterin and stimulated by Mg2+. Evaluation of the reaction equilibrium indicated that the methenyl derivative was favored over 5-formyltetrahydromethanopterin, with a much higher equilibrium constant than for the analogous reaction of tetrahydrofolate derivatives. Folate derivatives did not serve as substrates for this enzyme.
Enzyme Fragment Complementation: A Flexible High Throughput Screening Assay Technology (2002)

High-affinity complementation of a small fragment of beta-galactosidase to an inactive deletion mutant of the enzyme forms a stable heteromeric enzyme complex capable of hydrolyzing substrates to produce either chemiluminescent or fluorescent signals. This review describes a series of screening assays in which the small beta-galactosidase fragment, Enzyme Donor or ProLabel, is either chemically conjugated or recombinantly fused to small molecules or proteins, respectively. Chemical conjugation forms the basis of several HitHunter HTS assays in which competitive displacement of the ProLabel conjugate from either a binding protein (receptor or antibody) is induced by the analyte in question. In this manner, a calibration curve is generated, to measure cellular analytes including 3',5'-cyclic AMP. Changes in this second messenger, occurring due to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation, can thus be easily measured in a homogeneous assay. Similar assays have been developed for tyrosine kinases, serine threonine kinases, nuclear hormone receptors, and proteases. A second form of assay technology involves measurement of cellular protein expression, in which the protein is fused to ProLabel. Analysis can be undertaken in crude cell lysates, or with intact cells, using beta-galactosidase complementation in a microtiter plate. This homogeneous technology is highly sensitive and has been developed to measure protein expression changes occurring in response to pathway activation by targets such as GPCRs, tyrosine kinase receptors, and proteases. In summary, the DiscoveRx technology using beta-galactosidase complementation provides a robust and flexible assay technology for use in cell-free and cell-based HTS.
Nonlinearities in single-crystal silicon micromechanical resonators (2004)

The fundamental performance limit of single-crystal silicon resonators set by device nonlinearities in characterized. Using Leeson's model for near carrier phase noise, the nonlinearity is shown to set the scaling limit in miniaturizing oscillators. A circuit model based on discretization of distributed mass and nonlinear elasticity is introduced to accurately simulate the large amplitude vibrations. Based on published data for the third-order silicon stiffness tensor, the fundamental material nonlinearity limit is estimated. This theoretical limit is compared to measured nonlinearities in bulk acoustic wave (BAW) micromechanical resonators. The material set and measured nonlinearities are of same order-of-magnitude showing that the maximum vibration amplitude of studied BAW microresonators is near the fundamental limit. The maximum strain for single-crystal silicon resonators set by hysteresis limit is estimated to be 2/spl middot/10/sup -3/ (fracture limit 10/sup -2/), which corresponds to the maximum energy density of E/sub m//V=3/spl middot/10/sup 5/ J/m/sup 3/. This value is at least two orders-of-magnitude higher than for shear-mode quartz resonators, which partially compensates for the small size of MEMS components.
Urinary alpha-L-fucosidase. (1975)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>The National Readership Surveys are conducted quarterly either by the British Market Research Bureau or by Research Services Ltd. (1956 - 1959 Research Services Ltd; 1960 - 1967 British Market Research Bureau; 1968 - 1973 Research Services Ltd; 1974 - 1976 British Market Research Bureau; from 1977 onwards Research Services Ltd.). These surveys are designed principally to provide detailed information about the newspaper and magazine reading habits of the British people.<br> The sponsors are virtually all the leading newspaper proprietors and advertising agencies in the country; many leading manufacturers were also consulted over the plan of the surveys.<br> All surveys are substantially the same in form and content. Further details are available from the Archive upon application.
Cutting Edge: Amelioration of Kidney Disease in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Lupus Nephritis by Administration of the Caspase Inhibitor Carbobenzoxy-Valyl-Alanyl-Aspartyl-(β- <i>o</i> - <i>methyl</i> )-Fluoromethylketone (2001)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common, potentially fatal, non-organ-specific autoimmune disorder. Immune complex-mediated kidney disease is the major cause of mortality. Apoptotic cells in the epidermis are a possible source of self Ags, and apoptosis of endothelial cells and lymphocytes is thought to contribute to end-organ damage. We have previously shown that female transgenic mice expressing IFN-gamma in the epidermis develop inflammatory skin disease and features of SLE that have striking parallels with the human condition. We have now tested the effects of a pan-caspase inhibitor, carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-(beta-o-methyl)-fluoromethylketone, on disease progression. Daily s.c. administration of carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-(beta-o-methyl)-fluoromethylketone to female transgenic mice over a 3-wk period resulted in significant amelioration of both glomerular and interstitial renal damage, independent of the effects on autoantibody levels or skin inflammation. We propose that apoptosis inhibitors could be beneficial in the treatment of human SLE.
Switched-capacitor filters driven with very low voltage clock signals (1993)

It is well known that the switches of a very low voltage (1.5V) switched-capacitor filter in a standard CMOS process must be driven with a clock signal higher than the power supply, often generated on-chip. The Letter presents however a technique to implement very low voltage switched-capacitor filters with switches driven at the same very low voltages.
A feedforward S-band MIC amplifier system (1976)

A 2.2 GHz high-power feedforward amplifier system has been designed and fabricated, which has an RF gain of 30 dB and delivers an output power of 1.25 W with all IM distortion products at least down 50 dB from the carrier level. The power amplifiers and passive circuit components used in this system are all realised in thin-film hybrid form. The theoretical development of the system is described. The result of the temperature stability tests is given. The computer optimisation technique with multiband weighting functions used throughout the amplifier design process is presented. Finally, practical applications and a comparison of the advantages and drawbacks of this (feedforward) amplifier system with those produced by using the conventional (back-off) approach are discussed.
Identification and characterization of an avian adenovirus isolated from a ‘spiking mortality syndrome’ field outbreak in broilers on the Delmarva Peninsula, USA (1995)

A fowl adenovirus isolated from a 'spiking mortality syndrome' field outbreak in broilers on the Delmarva Peninsula, USA, was identified by cross-neutralization tests and by restriction enzyme analysis using eight restriction enzymes as a strain of the fowl adenovirus serotype FAV12. The isolate is nearly identical to strain UF71 though it shows substantially higher virulence in vivo than UF71. Contrary to strains of other fowl adenovirus serotypes (except serotype FAV1), the isolate caused high embryo mortality in specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryos inoculated via the allantoic cavity. Infection of 83 one-day-old SPF chicks with 105 plaque forming units of the isolate via a natural route led to clinical signs and growth inhibition. Gross and histological lesions in the liver, bursa of Fabricius and thymus, and in five cases hydropericarditis were observed. An inclusion body hepatitis was found in two chicks.
IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database (2000)

IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database (http://imgt.cines. fr:8104 ), is a high-quality integrated database specialising in Immunoglobulins (Ig), T cell Receptors (TcR) and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules of all vertebrate species, created in 1989 by Marie-Paule Lefranc, Université Montpellier II, CNRS, Montpellier, France (lefranc@ligm.igh.cnrs.fr ). At present, IMGT includes two databases: IMGT/LIGM-DB, a comprehensive database of Ig and TcR from human and other vertebrates, with translation for fully annotated sequences, and IMGT/HLA-DB, a database of the human MHC referred to as HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigens). The IMGT server provides a common access to expertized genomic, proteomic, structural and polymorphic data of Ig and TcR molecules of all vertebrates. By its high quality and its easy data distribution, IMGT has important implications in medical research (repertoire in autoimmune diseases, AIDS, leukemias, lymphomas), therapeutic approaches (antibody engineering), genome diversity and genome evolution studies. IMGT is freely available at http://imgt.cines.fr:8104. The IMGT Index is provided at the IMGT Marie-Paule page (http://imgt.cines.fr:8104/textes/IMGTindex.html).
Hardware assisted multichannel volume rendering (2003)

We explore real time volume rendering of multichannel data for volumes with color and multimodal information. We demonstrate volume rendering of the visible human male color dataset and photorealistic rendering of voxelized terrains, and achieve high quality visualizations. We render multimodal volumes utilizing hardware programmability for accumulation level mixing, and use CT and MRI information as examples. We also use multiboard parallel/distributed rendering schemes for large datasets and investigate scalability issues. We employ the VolumePro 1000 for real time multichannel volume rendering. Our approach, however, is not hardware-specific and can use commodity texture hardware instead.
The identification of CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cell epitopes with dedicated synthetic peptide libraries (1997)

For a large number of T cell-mediated immunopathologies, the disease-related antigens are not yet identified. Identification of T cell epitopes is of crucial importance for the development of immune-intervention strategies. We show that CD4+ T cell epitopes can be defined by using a new system for synthesis and screening of synthetic peptide libraries. These libraries are designed to bind to the HLA class II restriction molecule of the CD4+ T cell clone of interest. The screening is based on three selection rounds using partial release of 14-mer peptides from synthesis beads and subsequent sequencing of the remaining peptide attached to the bead. With this approach, two peptides were identified that stimulate the beta cell-reactive CD4+ T cell clone 1c10, which was isolated from a newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patient. After performing amino acid-substitution studies and protein database searches, a Haemophilus influenzae TonB-derived peptide was identified that stimulates clone 1c10. The relevance of this finding for the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is currently under investigation. We conclude that this system is capable of determining epitopes for (autoreactive) CD4+ T cell clones with previously unknown peptide specificity. This offers the possibility to define (auto)antigens by searching protein databases and/or to induce tolerance by using the peptide sequences identified. In addition the peptides might be used as leads to develop T cell receptor antagonists or anergy-inducing compounds.
A new approach in mobile gaming on cloud-based architecture using Citrix and VMware technologies (2015)

Without doubt the lure of high resolution videos along with a deeply engaging user interface is an irresistible attraction for almost all gamers across the world. Sales of video games are projected to cross more than US$ 110 billion in the coming years. With Internet speeds in certain countries climbing into the 3G, and the newer 4G, spectrums, multi-gaming sessions have found rising number of followers all across the globe. However, a sizeable chunk of the gaming community does not have a sustained access to high speed network. Our paper proposes a game manager which harnesses commercially available virtualization applications to offer the best game streaming experience anywhere in the world. We discuss a model which would allow users requesting multi-player game sessions to be played over the Internet, to connect to the appropriate game cloud for the fastest possible game streaming experience. End users would be able to play their favourite games connected over the Internet without having to worry about extensive hardware requirements.
β <sub>3</sub> integrins mediate the cellular entry of hantaviruses that cause respiratory failure (1998)

Newly emerged hantaviruses replicate primarily in the pulmonary endothelium, cause acute platelet loss, and result in hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). We now report that specific integrins expressed on platelets and endothelial cells permit the cellular entry of HPS-associated hantaviruses. Infection with HPS-associated hantaviruses, NY-1 and Sin Nombre virus (SNV), is inhibited by antibodies to beta3 integrins and by the beta3-integrin ligand, vitronectin. In contrast, infection with the nonpathogenic (no associated human disease) Prospect Hill virus was inhibited by fibronectin and beta1-specific antibodies but not by beta3-specific antibodies or vitronectin. Transfection with recombinant alphaIIb beta3 or alphav beta3 integrins rendered cells permissive to NY-1 and SNV but not Prospect Hill virus infection, indicating that alphaIIb beta3 and alphav beta3 integrins mediate the entry of NY-1 and SNV hantaviruses. Furthermore, entry is divalent cation independent, not blocked by arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptides and still mediated by, ligand-binding defective, alphaIIb beta3-integrin mutants. Hence, NY-1 and SNV entry is independent of beta3 integrin binding to physiologic ligands. These findings implicate integrins as cellular receptors for hantaviruses and indicate that hantavirus pathogenicity correlates with integrin usage.
Components of Sweat (1961)

The clinical detection of cystic fibrosis of the pancreas by means of the "sweat test" is based on the discovery of Darling and di Sant'Agnese<sup>1-3,5</sup>that the sodium and chloride concentrations in thermally induced sweat of patients with cystic fibrosis are elevated. In this congenital disorder, elevated electrolytes are also reported in salivary, parotid, and lacrimal secretions and are considered to be independent of renal, adrenal, and lacrimal functions.<sup>5,6</sup> The striking elevation of the electrolyte concentrations found in cystic fibrosis sweat apparently are unique. Although sweat electrolyte elevations have been found in hypoadrenalism,<sup>7</sup>these concentrations are not of the same order of magnitude and can be corrected<sup>8</sup>by administration of corticotropin (ACTH) or of desoxycorticosterone acetate (doca). These hormones have been shown to be ineffectual in cystic fibrosis.<sup>1</sup> A generalized dysfunction of the sweat glands may be unlikely, in view of the results of Gochberg
Noise adaptation of HMM speech recognition systems using tied-mixtures in the spectral domain (1997)

We compare two different approaches to the problem of additive noise in a hidden Markov model (HMM) filterbank-based speech recognition system: (i) preprocessing by estimation and (ii) adaptation of the HMM output probability distributions. The adaptation method, previously formulated only for the static spectral features, is generalized in this paper to the time-derivative of the spectrum. Estimation and adaptation are formulated with a common statistical model (MIXMAX) and are compared using the same recognition system. We find that under low and medium signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, parameter adaptation is superior to preprocessing by estimation.
A Hash-Based Space-Efficient Page-Level FTL for Large-Capacity SSDs (2017)

With increasing demands on high-performance and large-capacity SSDs in the enterprise-scale storage, the concern about the inefficient use of the DRAM space in SSDs rises, especially for those using page-level FTL (Flash Translation Layer). In such an FTL, the address mapping scheme allows a logical page address (LPA) to be mapped to any physical page address (PPA) in the disk. Though it provides flexible address management and minimizes internal data movements, it requires a large address mapping table whose size is proportional to the capacity of the disk. With the increase of SSD's capacity, the table can be too large to be held entirely in the DRAM buffer of the SSD, causing constantly accessing to the flash for the address translation. This performance penalty due to the buffer misses is particularly high with workloads of weak access locality and large working sets. In this paper, we propose a space- efficient page- level FTL using hash functions in the address translation, named Hash-based Page- level FTL, or HP-FTL in short, to address the concern. HP-FTL trades mapping flexibility with limited performance impact for high space efficiency allowing the entire table to fit in the buffer and eliminating translation misses. The experiment results show that HP-FTL can provide up to 2.6X throughput compared to DFTL, a representative page-level FTL, using the same amount of DRAM for buffering the table. Meanwhile, HP-FTL reduces the mapping table size to about 25% of the table space required by page- level mapping schemes, including DFTL, without having any buffer misses.
Cover Picture: Efficient and Mild Copper‐Catalyzed N‐ and C‐Arylations with Aryl Bromides and Iodides (Chem. Eur. J. 22/2004) (2004)

The cover picture shows the very broad application field of new catalytic systems for the N‐, O‐ and C‐arylations of various nucleophiles (the background represents crystals of the catalyst Cu 2 O). These systems, which result from combinations of copper salts with a set of original chelating ligands not previously known to promote such reactions, are unique in terms of versatility. Mildness, low‐cost, experimental simplicity, and the ability to work at low catalyst loading are features of this methodology, which make it particularly well suited for industrial‐scale syntheses for which financial and environmental issues are of greater concern. Consequently, it should find applications very soon for the synthesis of industrially important synthetic targets, found in a range of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and natural products. For mote details see the article by M. Taillefer, H.‐J. Cristau et al. on p. 5607 ff.
Stimulation of antiviral activities of interferon by a liver extract preparation. (1997)

The liver extract preparation Adelavin9 (referred to as EXT-FAD hereinafter) is a combination product that consists of hog liver extract and flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD). EXT-FAD has been reported to improve the histology of chronic liver injury and is widely used in Japan. Interferon (IFN) has been used to treat viral hepatitis. In this study, the action of EXT-FAD on the antiviral activity of IFN was examined using experimental models of viral infection in vitro and in vivo. EXT-FAD significantly enhanced the 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5AS) activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) treated with human IFN-alpha-2a. EXT-FAD is likely to affect the late phase of IFN action to produce the antiviral activity. Combination of IFN-alpha-2a with EXT-FAD produced a synergistic inhibitory effect against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) in vitro. The effect of EXT-FAD in combination with IFN-alpha-2a against influenza virus type A (Fluv A) was also examined and a similar effect to that found in the anti-HSV-1 assay was observed. In addition, administration of EXT-FAD to mice infected with HSV-1 significantly prolonged the mean survival periods. The intracellular redox state plays a role in inhibiting virus replication. EXT-FAD was found to increase the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. EXT-FAD also enhanced the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, which plays a role in antiviral effects. This result indicate that the effect of EXT-FAD on the antiviral activity of IFN is partially related to increased intracellular GSH levels and NOS activation.
Self-Polarizing Fabry–Perot Antennas Based on Polarization Twisting Element (2012)

A new configuration of a self-polarizing Fabry-Perot (FP) antenna is presented to generate circular polarization with high gain levels using a simple linearly polarized feed. It consists of an FP resonator combined with a polarization-twisting ground plane. An analytical model is proposed to facilitate the antenna design, and the corresponding results are shown to be in very close agreement with full-wave simulations. The experimental prototype built in -band exhibits a combined bandwidth (3 dB axial ratio, 3 dB gain drop, and 10 dB impedance matching) of 3% with a maximum realized gain of 18.0 dB. The antenna is completely shielded with an aperture size of and a height of only . Such antennas are attractive candidates for high-power space applications at low frequencies ( -to -bands) where standard horns are very bulky.