gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quasiparticle band structure of Zn-IV-N<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>compounds (2011)

Electronic energy-band structures of the Zn-IV-N${}_{2}$ compounds, with IV equal to Si, Ge, and Sn calculated in the quasiparticle self-consistent GW approximation and using the full-potential linearized muffin-tin orbital approach, are presented. A comparison is made with local-density approximation results. The bands near the gap are fitted to an effective Kohn-Luttinger-type Hamiltonian appropriate for the orthorhombic symmetry, and conduction-band effective masses are presented. Exciton binding energies and zero-point motion corrections to the gaps are estimated. While ZnSiN${}_{2}$ is found to be an indirect gap semiconductor, ZnGeN${}_{2}$ and ZnSnN${}_{2}$ are direct gap semiconductors. The gaps range from the orange-red to deep UV. The valence-band maximum is split in three levels of different symmetry, even in the absence of spin-orbit coupling, and should show transitions to the conduction band, each for a separate polarization. Spin-orbit effects are found to be surprisingly small, indicating almost exact compensation of the N-$2p$ and Zn-$3d$ contributions.
Epstein‐Barr virus status and tumour cell phenotype in sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma (1986)

Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) biopsy cells and derived cell lines can be grouped according to their patterns of reactivity with 6 selected monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against B cell-associated surface antigens. Group I cells react only with MAbs J5 and 38.13, recognising the common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen and a BL-associated antigen respectively; group II cells react with J5 and 38.13 and with one or more of a set of MAbs (Ki-24, MHM6, AC2, Ki-1) against "lymphoblastoid" antigens; group III cells react only with these anti-"lymphoblastoid" MAbs. Tumour biopsy cells from 17 cases of sporadic BL, 9 positive for the Epstein-Barr (EB) virus genome and 8 negative, have been analysed during the process of cell line establishment in vitro. In early passage the EB virus-negative BL cells showed either a group I phenotype or gave an additional reactivity with MAb Ki-24 which placed them in group II; these phenotypes remained essentially stable with continued growth of the cell lines for up to 50 passages. By contrast the EB virus-positive BL cells were much more susceptible to phenotypic change in vitro. Although such cells displayed a group I or group II phenotype in early passage, many of the lines soon moved into group III whilst retaining the karyotypic markers indicative of their malignant origin. These observations suggest that a resident EB virus genome can drive the in vitro progression of BL cells towards a more "lymphoblastoid" phenotype. This was confirmed in subsequent experiments where virus-negative BL cell lines were converted to EB virus positivity by in vitro infection. Clearly, therefore, phenotypic analysis of long-established lines can lead to false distinctions being drawn between the EB virus-positive and -negative forms of sporadic BL; both may derive from the same sub-population of target B cells in vivo.
Fabrication of Thin-Film Fresnel Optics by Combining Diamond Turning and MEMS Techniques (2012)

A novel fabrication process was proposed for manufacturing thin-film metal Fresnel lenses for X-ray applications, which combines MEMS technologies and diamond turning technology. To prevent thin-film lens substrates from deflection during diamond turning, the thin films were prepared on single crystalline silicon wafers by electrolytic plating. After the Fresnel lens structure has been generated on the metal thin films by diamond turning, the backside supporting silicon substrate was selectively removed by reactive ion etching. Experimental results demonstrated that submicron level form accuracy and nanometer level surface roughness could be achieved by the proposed hybrid fabrication process.
The regulation of aromatase activity in breast fibroblasts: the role of interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2. (1999)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) or tumour necrosis factor a (TNFalpha) can regulate aromatase activity. In the present study we have compared their abilities to stimulate aromatase activity in fibroblasts derived from 'normal' breast adipose tissue proximal to a tumour or breast tumours. PGE2, TNFalpha and IL-6 plus its soluble receptor (IL-6sR) all increased aromatase activity in these cells. Basal aromatase activity and the degree of aromatase stimulation by these factors were greater in fibroblasts derived from 'normal' breast tissue than from breast tumours. The ability of IL-6+IL-6sR to increase aromatase activity was only marginally reduced by the PG synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, indicating that IL-6+IL-6sR does not appear to act via induction of PG synthesis. The ability of PGE2 to stimulate aromatase activity in fibroblasts derived from 'normal' breast tissue was potentiated by IL-6sR suggesting that PGE2 may act via induction of IL-6. This was confirmed by measurement of IL-6 in conditioned medium collected from these cells. A significant increase in IL-6 concentrations was detected in conditioned medium collected from cells treated with PGE2. It is concluded that in some fibroblasts PGE2 may exert part of its regulatory effect on breast tissue aromatase activity via induction of IL-6.
Anisotropic Interpolation on Graphs: The Combinatorial Dirichlet Problem (2003)

Abstract The combinatorial Dirichlet problem is formulated, and an algorithm forsolving it is presented. This provides an effective method for interpolating
Object database evolution using separation of concerns (2000)

This paper proposes an object database evolution approach based on separation of concerns. The lack of customisability and extensibility in existing evolution frameworks is a consequence of using attributes at the meta-object level to implement links among meta-objects and the injection of instance adaptation code directly into the class versions. The proposed approach uses dynamic relationships to separate the connection code from meta-objects and aspects - abstractions used by Aspect-Oriented Programming to localise cross-cutting concerns - to separate the instance adaptation code from class versions. The result is a customisable and extensible evolution framework with low maintenance overhead.
Memory retrieval time and memory capacity of the CA3 network: Role of gamma frequency oscillations (2007)

The existence of recurrent synaptic connections in CA3 led to the hypothesis that CA3 is an autoassociative network similar to the Hopfield networks studied by theorists. CA3 undergoes gamma frequency periodic inhibition that prevents a persistent attractor state. This argues against the analogy to Hopfield nets, in which an attractor state can be used for working memory. However, we show that such periodic inhibition allows one cycle of recurrent excitatory activity and that this is sufficient for memory retrieval (within milliseconds). Thus, gamma oscillations are compatible with a long-term autoassociative memory function for CA3. A second goal of our work was to evaluate previous methods for estimating the memory capacity (P) of CA3. We confirm the equation, P = c/a(2), where c is the probability that any two cells are recurrently connected and a is the fraction of cells representing a memory item. In applying this to CA3, we focus on CA3a, the subregion where recurrent connections are most numerous (c = 0.2) and approximate randomness. We estimate that a memory item is represented by approximately 225 of the 70,000 neurons in CA3a (a = 0.003) and that approximately 20,000 memory items can be stored. Our general conclusion is that the physiological and anatomical findings of CA3a are consistent with an autoassociative function. The nature of the information that is associated in CA3a is discussed. We also discuss how the autoassociative properties of CA3 and the heteroassociative properties of dentate synapses (linking sequential memories) form an integrated system for the storage and recall of item sequences. The recall process generates the phase precession in dentate, CA3, and entorhinal cortex.
Normas para la determinación de las resistencias del cemento (1964)

Not available
Identification and Imaging of the Nerves Responsible for Erectile Function in Rat Prostate,<i>In Vivo</i>, Using Optical Nerve Stimulation and Optical Coherence Tomography (2007)

The cavernous nerves on the prostate surface are responsible for erectile function. Optical diagnostic tools such as optical coherence tomography and laser nerve stimulation may assist in the identification, imaging, and preservation of these microscopic nerves during prostate cancer surgery, and thus, help preserve sexual function after surgery. The feasibility of noncontact laser stimulation of the cavernous nerves is demonstrated in an in vivo rat prostate model with comparison to conventional electrical nerve stimulation. High-resolution optical coherence tomographic images of the nerves are also obtained and compared with histology. These optical technologies may be suitable as surgical guidance tools during laparoscopic and robotic nerve-sparing prostate cancer surgery.
Oral administration of non-absorbable delayed release 6-mercaptopurine is locally active in the gut, exerts a systemic immune effect and alleviates Crohn's disease with low rate of side effects: results of double blind Phase II clinical trial (2015)

Therapy for Crohn's disease (CD) with thiopurines is limited by systemic side effects. A novel formulation of fixed-dose, delayed-release 6-mercaptopurine (DR-6MP) was developed, with local effect on the gut immune system and minimal absorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DR-6MP in patients with moderately severe CD compared to systemically delivered 6-mercaptopurine (Purinethol). Seventy CD patients were enrolled into a 12-week, double-blind controlled trial. The primary end-point was the percentage of subjects with clinical remission [Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) < 150] or clinical response (100-point CDAI reduction). Twenty-six (56·5%) and 13 (54·2%) subjects from the DR-6MP and Purinethol cohorts, respectively, completed the study. DR-6MP had similar efficacy to Purinethol following 12 weeks of treatment. However, the time to maximal clinical response was 8 weeks for DR-6MP versus 12 weeks for Purinethol. A higher proportion of patients on DR-6MP showed clinical remission at week 8. A greater improvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) score was noted in the DR-6MP group. DR-6MP led to a decrease of CD62(+) expression on T cells, implying a reduction of lymphocyte adhesion to site of inflammation. DR-6MP was safer than Purinethol, with significantly fewer adverse events (AEs). There was no evidence of drug-induced leucopenia in the DR-6MP group; the proportion of subjects who developed hepatotoxicity was lower for the DR-6MP. Non-absorbable DR-6MP is safe and biologically active in the gut. It is clinically effective, exerting a systemic immune response with low systemic bioavailability and a low incidence of side effects.
Sequencing using capillary electrophoresis of short tandem repeat alleles separated and purified by high performance liquid chromatography (1998)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified alleles need to be isolated and purified before carrying out additional analysis to confirm sequence, number of repeats and microvariants within a short tandem repeat (STR) locus. Also, PCR amplification of tetranucleotide repeat loci, used in DNA typing assays, often result in heteroduplex formation, adding to the complexity of analysis. Sequencing reactions require single specific target DNA for reliable sequencing analysis. Alkylated poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) columns at elevated temperature and gradient elution conditions increase the efficiency of separation to allow for the purification of PCR products. Using the separation technique of ion-pairing reverse-phase (IPRP) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), molecular biologists can separate and purify DNA fragments without alteration to the double-stranded DNA sequencing properties. In this study, the IP-RP chromatography technique has been demonstrated by separation of alleles of the short tandem repeat loci of TH01, vWA31, F13A01 and FES/ FPS. Alleles differing in size range of 12 to 4 base pairs were separated by IPRP/HPLC and individual alleles were peak-captured, then cycle-sequenced. These HPLC fractions required no additional steps prior to cycle sequencing. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to sequence the alleles. Furthermore, CE offers advantages over traditional slab methods via automation and higher applied voltages. Interestingly, unlike traditional gel electrophoresis, samples were introduced into the sieving matrix by electrokinetic injection, which allows for multiple injections from a single sample, a key feature for method development. Applied voltage was 320 V per centimeter using a nonderivatized fused silica capillary with an interior diameter of 50 microm and a total length of 47 centimeters. The total analysis time including capillary filling and pre-electrophoresis was less than 30 min for a 220-bp fragment. A sequencing rate of 530 bp/h was achieved using these conditions. By combining the techniques of HPLC separation and CE sequencing, the results confirmed the sequence and number of nucleotide repeats for each STR loci. An average sequencing efficiency of 97% was achieved. Additionally, this method defined the absence of a 9.3 microvariant for a TH01 heterozygous individual previously typed as a 9, 9.3/10 using slab gel electrophoresis. The techniques described can be applied to other DNA purification and isolation problems.
The effect of soybean-derived phosphatidylserine on cognitive performance in elderly with subjective memory complaints: a pilot study (2013)

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of soybean-derived phosphatidylserine (SB-PS) (300 mg/day) in improving cognitive performance in elderly with memory complaints, following a short duration of 12 weeks’ SB-PS administration. Methods: SB-PS was administered daily for 12 weeks to 30 elderly volunteers with memory complaints (age range 50–90 years). Cognitive performance was determined by a computerized test battery and by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Rey-AVLT). Physical examination and blood safety parameters were part of the extensive safety analysis of PS that was performed. Results: The computerized test results showed that SB-PS supplementation significantly increased the following cognitive parameters: memory recognition ( P = 0.004), memory recall ( P = 0.006), executive functions ( P = 0.004), and mental flexibility ( P = 0.01). The Rey-AVLT indicated that, following SB-PS administration, total learning and immediate recall improved significantly ( P = 0.013 and P = 0.007, respectively). Unexpected results from the safety tests suggested that SB-PS significantly reduces both systolic ( P = 0.043) and diastolic ( P = 0.003) blood pressure. SB-PS consumption was well tolerated and no serious adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusion: This exploratory study demonstrates that SB-PS may have favorable effects on cognitive function in elderly with memory complaints. In addition, the study suggests that SB-PS is safe for human consumption and may serve as a safe alternative to phosphatidylserine extracted from bovine cortex. These results encourage further extended studies in order to establish the safety and efficacy of SB-PS treatment. Keywords: learning, AAMI, memory, cognitive, phosphatidylserine
Rapid Fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)Se$_{2}$ Thin Films by the Two-Step Selenization Process (2012)

Two-step processes currently used for the industrial Cu(In,Ga)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (CIGS) module production require a long process time of several hours for the CIGS absorber formation. In this paper, we are studying the reaction pathway to rapid selenization of stacked metal precursors in elemental Se vapor. The objective is to understand the reaction kinetics to find the best precursor structure and the optimal selenization conditions to form high-quality CIGS films with proper Ga depth profiles. In addition to stacked metal precursors, the effect of the use of Se-containing precursors was also examined. As expected, the stacking order of the metal precursors influences the properties of the resulting CIGS absorbers. The Cu amount deposited for the precursor formation critically affected the final film and cell properties, as well. We also found that the formation of CIGS films with large grain sizes and flat Ga depth profiles was possible even for [Cu]/([In] + [Ga]) <; 1 conditions with the use of particular precursor structures and selenization conditions. The results suggest that the selenization reaction pathway can be dictated with the precursor structure, and further improvements are expected by controlling reaction kinetics with precursor structure modification.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases and S Phase Control in Mammalian Cells (2003)

Mammalian DNA replication is an elegantly choreographed process in which multiple components are assembled at the origins to form the prereplication complex. Formation and activation of the prereplication complex requires coordinate actions of G1and S phase cyclin-dependent kinases. Cyclin E-CDK2 and cyclin A-CDK2, together with DBF4-CDC7, phosphorylate several components of the prereplication complex and replication machinery. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of initiation of DNA replication in mammalian cells. The roles of cyclin A/E-CDK2 complexes in driving replication, their relationship with other regulators of S phase, and their role in keeping replication to only once per cell cycle will be discussed. In addition, an important issue is the checks and balances that prevent inappropriate DNA replication, and how a breakdown in these checkpoints can lead to genomic instability and cancer. A critical mediator of these checkpoints, ATM, signals through a comprehensive network of proteins leading to CDK2 inhibition thus preventing DNA synthesis. This will be reviewed in addition to other mechanisms involved in the intra-S phase DNA damage checkpoint.
Zebrafish <i>KLF4</i> is essential for anterior mesendoderm/pre‐polster differentiation and hatching (2005)

Gene knockout studies of Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) in mice have shown essential roles in organogenesis. A screen for KLF family members in zebrafish identified many KLFs. One of these, zebrafish KLF4 (zKLF4) is the homologue of neptune, a Xenopus laevis KLF. zKLF4 is expressed from approximately 80% epiboly a patch of dorsal/anterior mesendodermal cells called the pre-polster and, subsequently, in the polster and hatching gland. Here we investigate the function of zKLF4 using morpholino-based antisense oligonucleotides. Knockdown of zKLF4 resulted in complete absence of hatching gland formation and subsequent hatching in zebrafish. In addition, there was early knockdown of expression of the pre-polster/anterior mesendoderm markers CatL, cap1, and BMP4. These results indicate zKLF4 is expressed within the pre-polster, an early mesendodermal site, and that it plays a critical role in the differentiation of these cells into hatching gland cells.
Web data indexing through external semantic-carrying annotations (2002)

Data annotations provide an effective means to link data from diverse data archives to a domain conceptualization, e.g., ontology, which then provides users with an integrated and uniform view for querying the data. Existing approaches typically use document annotation techniques that require authors to embed linkage information into their documents. This prevents true collaborative extensions of documents by annotations and conceptual views of multiple users on the same data. This paper presents the concepts and architecture underlying a data annotation framework that enables external annotations of remote data at different levels of granularity. Semantic-carrying annotations, based on a domain conceptualization model, allow multiple users to enrich the same data under different perspectives. XML and related techniques are used for managing, exchanging, and querying annotations and domain conceptualizations.
Distributed Data Mining for Sustainable Smart Grids (2014)

Electric power infrastructure is rapidly running up against oversized growth, scale and efficiency. Electricity produc-tion, distribution and consumption play a critical role in the sustainability of the planet and its natural resources. Smart Grids which enable two-way communication and monitor-ing between producers and end-users need novel computa-tional algorithms for supporting generation of power from wide range of sources, efficient energy distribution, and sus-tainable consumption. This paper explores fundamentally distributed approaches with more local flexibility leading to sustainable methodology compared to the traditional cen-tralized frameworks for analyzing and processing data. The paper consider the problems of aggregation and prediction of power generation and consumption trends over a distributed smart grid. The need for more local control, privacy issues, and cost sensitivity for transmission of remote sensory data over the low-bandwidth wireless network is leading toward more distributed approach to data analysis in smart grids. This paper reviews our recent work on more sustainable dis-tributed asynchronous methodology for constructing energy demand prediction models in a smart grid by multivariate linear regression as well a dynamic pricing model built on distributed rank aggregation that will help shape power con-sumption and optimize the grid.
Infiniband-Verbs on GPU: A Case Study of Controlling an Infiniband Network Device from the GPU (2014)

Due to their massive parallelism and high performance per watt GPUs gain high popularity in high performance computing and are a strong candidate for future exacscale systems. But communication and data transfer in GPU accelerated systems remain a challenging problem. Since the GPU normally is not able to control a network device, today a hybrid-programming model is preferred, whereby the GPU is used for calculation and the CPU handles the communication. As a result, communication between distributed GPUs suffers from unnecessary overhead, introduced by switching control flow from GPUs to CPUs and vice versa. In this work, we modify user space libraries and device drivers of GPUs and the Infiniband network device in a way to enable the GPU to control an Infiniband network device to independently source and sink communication requests without any involvements of the CPU. Our performance analysis shows the differences to hybrid communication models in detail, in particular that the CPU's advantage in generating work requests outshines the overhead associated with context switching. In other terms, our results show that complex networking protocols like IBVERBS are better handled by CPUs in spite of time penalties due to context switching, since overhead of work request generation cannot be parallelized and is not suitable with the high parallel programming model of GPUs.