gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc(II) Complexes with 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone: The Crystal Structure of [Zn(34-MBTSC)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>] (2012)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of three zinc(II) complexes [Zn(34-MBTSC)2Cl2] (1), [Zn(34-MBTSC)2Br2] (2), and [Zn(34-MBTSC)2I2] (3) of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (34-MBTSC) are reported. Elemental analysis (CHN) and spectral (FT-IR and 1H-NMR) measurements have been used to characterize the complexes. In addition, the structure of the complex 1 has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. In these complexes, the zinc(II) ion is bonded to two thioketonic sulfur donors in η1-S bonding mode and to two halide ions in tetrahedral geometry. Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfer, and Silicon and the Related Elements for the following free supplemental files: Additional figures.
High Signal Regions in Normal White Matter Shown by Heavily T2-Weighted CSF Nulled IR Sequences (1992)

Inversion recovery (IR) sequences with an inversion time (TI) designed to markedly reduce or null the signal from CSF (TI of approximately 2,100 ms at 1.0 T) and a very long echo time (TE) of 240 ms were used to image the brain of two normal adult volunteers, one 34-year-old man with an intrinsic tumor, and one 3-month-old infant with an infarct. Using these very heavily T2-weighted pulse sequences, adult gray and white matter showed similar signal intensity in many areas of the brain, but normal white matter in regions of the centrum semiovale, posterior internal capsule, parietopontile tract, occipitothalamic radiation, and brain stem showed a much higher signal intensity than surrounding gray or white matter. The infant displayed a low signal intensity in myelinated regions in the internal capsule and occipitothalamic radiation and a high signal in unmyelinated white matter. In many of the images there were strong similarities to the distribution of high signal within white matter seen with pulsed gradient spin echo sequences (TE 130 ms) designed to demonstrate effects due to anisotropic diffusion. Arguments are advanced to support the view that the high signal intensity in white matter tracts is due to one or more long T2 components that may be associated with unmyelinated or sparsely myelinated fibres within white matter. The resemblance to diffusion weighted images may reflect the fact that both employ long TEs and both produce a low signal from CSF. If myelin possessed a different susceptibility from axoplasm so that magnetic field gradients were generated around nerve fibres when their orientation was not parallel to B0, diffusion of water might then produce the observed dependence on fibre direction. The high signal regions in white matter are a potential source of confusion in image interpretation, and measurements of T2 in white matter need to be made with these regional variations in mind. The concept of normal appearing white matter also needs to be applied with a knowledge of these differences. The IR sequences used in this study provide a very high T2 dependence with a low signal from CSF and may be useful for detecting disease in the CNS of adults and children.
<i>In vitro</i> evaluation of the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide and paramonochlorophenol on anaerobic bacteria from the root canal (1993)

The effectiveness of calcium hydroxide and paramonochlorophenol (PMCP) was tested on anaerobic bacteria isolated from infected root canals, at time intervals 5, 15, 30 and 60 min. The experimental method used was similar to that proposed by the German Society of Hygiene and Microbiology (DGHM), with slight modifications. Testing revealed that calcium hydroxide was significantly more effective than PMCP against the total number of anaerobes. Additionally, it was proved to be quickly and highly effective against some microorganisms related to severe clinical symptoms, such as B. melaninogenicus and P. gingivalis, as well as against actinomyces species.
PYGMALION: A Creative Programming Environment (1975)

Abstract : PYGMALION is a two-dimensional, visual programming system implemented on an interactive computer with graphics display. Communication between human being and computer is by means of visual entities called icons, subsuming the notions of variable, reference, data structure, function and picture. The heart of the system is an interactive remembering editor for icons, which executes and (Optionally) saves operations for later reexecution. The display screen is viewed as a document to be edited. Programming consists of recreating a sequence of display frames, the last of which contains the desired information. Display frames are modified by editing operations.
Structure primaire de la caséine β bovine (1972)

This article is the sixth and last of a series devoted to the primary structure of bovine β‐casein [1–5]. In the preceding paper, we presented a partial sequence of this protein in which 156 out of the 209 amino‐acid residues were exactly positioned [5]. Only a few data were given on the tryptic peptides T2 and T3 [1] which corresponded to the unknown part of the molecule. In the present communication, we establish the amino‐acid sequence of these 2 peptides, and discuss the salient features of the β‐casein molecule. Bovine β‐casein A 2 is a phosphoprotein constituted of a single polypeptide chain containing 209 amino‐acid residues. Among them are five phosphoseryl residues. From sequence data, it can be written: Asp 4 , Asn 5 , Thr 9 , Ser 11 , SerP 5 , Glu 17 , Gln 22 , Pro 35 , Gly 5 , Ala 5 , Val 19 , Met 6 , Ile 10 , Leu 22 , Tyr 4 , Phe 9 , Trp, Lys 11 , His 5 , Arg 4 . Its exact molecular weight is 23982, a little higher than that of α s1 ‐casein, which is 23616 [6]. The total number of 27 amide groups (Asn + Gln) agrees well with previous data obtained by Pion et al. [7] and Peterson et al. [8]. The average hydrophobicity, calculated according to Bigelow [9], is 1330 and it places β‐casein among the most hydrophobic proteins. The sequence obtained emphasizes the uneven charge distribution along the peptide chain. A high negative net charge is located in the first 50 residues. The high proline residue content (16.7%) and the rather uniform repartition of this residue exclude the possibility of a high α‐helix content. Furthermore, the complete absence of segments containing more than 2 adjacent prolyl residues seems to preclude the possibility of poly‐L‐proline structure that was expected from optical‐rotatory‐dispersion studies [10]. An interesting extension of the present work is the discovery by Gordon et al [11] that γ‐, TS‐, R‐ and S‐caseins are fragments of β‐casein likely originating from tryptic‐like cleavages of the peptide chain next to the carbonyl groups of some lysyl residues. The γ‐, TS · A 2 ‐ and S‐, TS · B‐ and R‐caseins respectively represent residues 29 to 209, 106 to 209 and 108 to 209. These results explain the occurrence of only one phosphorus atom in the γ‐caseins, the absence of phosphorus in the TS‐, R‐ and S‐caseins [12]. Localization of the substitutions which differentiate the known variants of bovine β‐casein also explains the relationship between β‐, γ‐, R‐, S‐ and TS‐caseins [12,13]. The NH 2 ‐terminal tryptic phosphopeptide, previously analyzed by Peterson et al. [14], has been sequenced independently by Manson and Annan [15]. Their results are identical to those reported in a preceding paper [4].
Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on the cellular repopulation of decellularized anterior cruciate ligament allografts (2010)

The use of decellularized anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) allografts in ACL replacement surgery may allow for the native structure of the ligament to be retained, thereby recapturing the function of the ligament post-injury. Our previous work has focused on repopulating decellularized allograft ACL tissue with ACL fibroblasts in order to prevent destructive remodelling of the implanted tissue by extrinsic host cells. In this study, the use of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to improve the cellular repopulation of decellularized ACL tissue was assessed. A concentration of 6 ng/ml bFGF was demonstrated to be effective in increasing cellular growth in the absence of tissue; however, this concentration, as well as reduced and increased levels of bFGF (0.1 and 60 ng/ml, respectively), failed to increase cellular repopulation of ACL fibroblast-seeded decellularized tissue after 28 days of culture. Mean repopulation levels of 11-19% of fresh tissue [3200-5300 cells/mg dry weight (dwt) tissue] were achieved after 28 days in culture. Qualitative observation of histological samples suggested that different repopulation characteristics exist at various concentrations of bFGF and, in particular, that bFGF may be stimulating a catabolic pathway resulting in matrix destruction. Significant differences in the effects of bFGF observed between cell-only and cell-and-tissue studies serve to reinforce the concept that cells respond to stimuli in a different manner, depending on the surrounding environment. As a result, caution should be used when information obtained from studies utilizing cells alone is applied to the development of tissue-engineered constructs.
Nanofiltration Membranes with Modified Active Layer Using Aromatic Polyamide Dendrimers (2012)

Abstract The modification of a commercial nanofiltration (NF) membrane (TFC‐S) with shape‐persistent dendritic molecules is reported. Amphiphilic aromatic polyamide dendrimers (G1–G3) are synthesized via a divergent approach and used for membrane active layer modification by direct percolation. The permeate samples collected from the percolation experiments are analyzed by UV‐visible spectroscopy to monitor the influence of dendrimer generations on percolation behavior and active layer modification. Further characterization of modified membranes by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and atomic force microscopy techniques reveals a relatively low‐level accumulation of dendrimers inside the original TFC‐S NF membrane active layer and subsequent formation of a coating of pure aramide dendrimers on top of the active layer. A PES‐PVA ultrafiltration membrane is used as a control membrane support (without an NF active layer) showing that structural compatibility between the dendrimers and support plays an important role in the membrane modification process. The performance of the modified TFC‐S membrane is evaluated on the basis of the rejection abilities for a variety of water contaminants having a range of molecular size and chemistry. As the water flux is inversely proportional to the thickness of the active layer, the amount of dendrimers deposited for specific contaminants are optimized to improve the solute rejection while maintaining high water flux.
A Consolidated Concept of Joint Lubrication (1972)

Animal joints contain two systems which require lubrication: a soft-tissue system, involving the sliding of synovial membrane on itself or on other tissues, and a cartilage-on-cartilage system. The resistance to motion caused by soft-tissue stretching and friction is far greater than that due to cartilage rubbing on cartilage; in fact, soft-tissue resistance may be primarily responsible for clinical joint stiffness. Lubrication of the softtissue system depends on molecules of hyaluronate in the synovial fluid which stick to the synovium in a layer and keep moving surfaces apart. Cartilage-on-cartilage lubrication, by contrast, is independent of hyaluronic acid. A hyaluronate-free glycoprotein fraction which has been isolated from synovial fluid confers on a buffer solution a lubricating advantage equal to that of whole synovial fluid. Removal of this fraction from synovial fluid deprives the fluid of any lubricating advantage over buffer. The action of this glycoprotein on cartilage is a boundary phenomenon similar to that of hyaluronate on synovium. In addition to this boundary effect, cartilage surfaces are kept apart by a fluid squeeze film made up of joint fluid and interstitial fluid which weeps from the articular cartilage itself. The squeeze-film effect is probably potentiated by the undulations of the surface and the elasticity of the cartilage, which may lower frictional resistance by elastohydrodynamic effects.
The Histamine H3 Receptor (2000)

Histamine is widely distributed in the body, although with marked quantitative differences in the various species and tissues, and it produces a variety of biological effects by interacting with specific receptors on the surface of target cells.
Converting Polyethylene Waste into Large Scale One-Dimensional Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C Composites by a Facile One-Pot Process (2013)

Polyethylene-based waste plastics need hundreds of years to degrade in atmospheric conditions, so innovative upcycling processes are necessary in addition to traditional recycling services. This study presents an environmentally benign and solvent-free autogenic process, in which waste plastics such as waste polyethylene (PE) were converted into Fe3O4@C core–shell structures with about 800 nm in diameter and tens of micrometers in length with the presence of catalysts while oxygen was absent. The composition and morphology of the as-obtained Fe3O4@C core–shell structures were characterized by advanced structural, spectroscopic, and imaging techniques. The magnetic measurement at room temperature indicates that the values of saturation magnetization (22.5 emu/g) and coercivity (152.9 Oe) of the one-dimensional Fe3O4@C core–shell structures are different from those of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and bulk Fe3O4 due to the different carbon content, dipolar interaction, size, and morphology of the products. The results indicate that the one-dimensional Fe3O4@C core/shell structures possess well acid resistance.
Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Glycerol to Simple and Polyhydric Alcohols Using Raney Nickel Catalyst (2011)

The crude glycerol from biodiesel production possesses low economic values and alternative ways of converting it to valuable chemicals are needed to sustain the biodiesel industry. This study aimed to investigate the production of primary alcohols and propylene glycol from glycerol through a catalytic thermochemical process without an external supply of hydrogen. The effects of reaction time, water to glycerol ratio, and doses of catalyst on glycerol conversion and alcohol yields were investigated using a batch pressure reactor and Raney nickel catalyst. The presence of alcohols and gases in the products confirmed that hydrogen was produced and was utilized in the formation of propylene glycol through hydrogenolysis. Ethanol and propylene glycol yields of up to 10.4 ± 0.2 and 33.2 ± 1.4 mol %, respectively, were observed. It was also concluded that ethanol is formed through hydrogenolysis of propylene glycol and its yield improves at extended reaction time and increased initial water content of the feed.
Immunosuppressive Activity of Endovanilloids: <i>N</i> -Arachidonoyl-Dopamine Inhibits Activation of the NF-κB, NFAT, and Activator Protein 1 Signaling Pathways (2004)

Endogenous N-acyl dopamines such as N-arachidonoyldopamine (NADA) and N-oleoyldopamine have been recently identified as a new class of brain neurotransmitters sharing endocannabinoid and endovanilloid biological activities. As endocannabinoids show immunomodulatory activity, and T cells play a key role in the onset of several diseases that affect the CNS, we have evaluated the immunosuppressive activity of NADA and N-oleoyldopamine in human T cells, discovering that both compounds are potent inhibitors of early and late events in TCR-mediated T cell activation. Moreover, we found that NADA specifically inhibited both IL-2 and TNF-alpha gene transcription in stimulated Jurkat T cells. To further characterize the inhibitory mechanisms of NADA at the transcriptional level, we examined the DNA binding and transcriptional activities of NF-kappaB, NF-AT, and AP-1 transcription factors in Jurkat cells. We found that NADA inhibited NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activity without affecting either degradation of the cytoplasmic NF-kappaB inhibitory protein, IkappaBalpha, or DNA binding activity. However, phosphorylation of the p65/RelA subunit was clearly inhibited by NADA in stimulated cells. In addition, NADA inhibited both binding to DNA and the transcriptional activity of NF-AT and AP-1, as expected from the inhibition of NF-AT1 dephosphorylation and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in stimulated T cells. Finally, overexpression of a constitutively active form of calcineurin demonstrated that this phosphatase may represent one of the main targets of NADA. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the anti-inflammatory activities of NADA and highlight their potential to design novel therapeutic strategies to manage inflammatory diseases.
Approaches to voltammetric and chromatographic monitoring of neurochemicals in vivo (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApproaches to voltammetric and chromatographic monitoring of neurochemicals in vivoAlice J. Cunningham and Joseph B. Justice Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 2, A34Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1987Published inissue 1 February 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ed064pA34RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Convolutional Neural Networks and Language Embeddings for End-to-End Dialect Recognition (2018)

Dialect identification (DID) is a special case of general language identification (LID), but a more challenging problem due to the linguistic similarity between dialects. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end DID system and a Siamese neural network to extract language embeddings. We use both acoustic and linguistic features for the DID task on the Arabic dialectal speech dataset: Multi-Genre Broadcast 3 (MGB-3). The end-to-end DID system was trained using three kinds of acoustic features: Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs), log Mel-scale Filter Bank energies (FBANK) and spectrogram energies. We also investigated a dataset augmentation approach to achieve robust performance with limited data resources. Our linguistic feature research focused on learning similarities and dissimilarities between dialects using the Siamese network, so that we can reduce feature dimensionality as well as improve DID performance. The best system using a single feature set achieves 73% accuracy, while a fusion system using multiple features yields 78% on the MGB-3 dialect test set consisting of 5 dialects. The experimental results indicate that FBANK features achieve slightly better results than MFCCs. Dataset augmentation via speed perturbation appears to add significant robustness to the system. Although the Siamese network with language embeddings did not achieve as good a result as the end-to-end DID system, the two approaches had good synergy when combined together in a fused system.
Chloric Acid Method for Determination of Protein-Bound Iodine (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChloric Acid Method for Determination of Protein-Bound IodineBennie Zak, H. H. Willard, G. B. Myers, and A. J. BoyleCite this: Anal. Chem. 1952, 24, 8, 1345–1348Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60068a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60068a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Density modification of cryo-EM maps (2020)

Abstract Density modification uses expectations about features of a map such as a flat solvent and expected distributions of density in the region of the macromolecule to improve individual Fourier terms representing the map. This process transfers information from one part of a map to another and can improve the accuracy of a map. Here the assumptions behind density modification for maps from electron cryomicroscopy are examined and a procedure is presented that allows incorporation of model-based information. Density modification works best in cases where unfiltered, unmasked maps with clear boundaries between macromolecule and solvent are visible and where there is substantial noise in the map, both in the region of the macromolecule and the solvent. It also is most effective if the characteristics of the map are relatively constant within regions of the macromolecule and the solvent. Model-based information can be used to improve density modification, but model bias can in principle occur. Here model bias is reduced by using ensemble models that allow estimation of model uncertainty. A test of model bias is presented suggesting that even if the expected density in a region of a map is specified incorrectly by using an incorrect model, the incorrect expectations do not strongly affect the final map. Synopsis The prerequisites for density modification of maps from electron cryomicroscopy are examined and a procedure for incorporating model-based information is presented.
Intrastromal Crystalline Deposits Following Hydrogel Keratophakia in Monkeys (1993)

Intrastromal corneal crystals developed in 11 of 49 monkey eyes with hydrogel intracorneal lenticules followed over a 4 year period. All of the eyes, except one, underwent synthetic keratophakia via a microkeratome incision. The diagnosis of crystal formation was initially made by slit-lamp examination and confirmed with specular microscopy (from 21 to 150 days post-hydrogel keratophakia). The crystals were noted to lie in a plane adjacent to the hydrogel lenticule and specular microscopy revealed polychromatic, hyperrefringent crystals with either a rectangular or linear morphology. Prior to intrastromal crystal formation, these corneas developed early postoperative stromal edema (< 3 weeks). We hypothesize that early stromal edema in combination with the hydrogel intracorneal lenticule induced the production of lipid crystals by stromal keratocytes.