gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolithic integration of InP HBT and HEMT by selective molecular beam epitaxy (2002)

InP-based HEMT and HBT device technologies have emerged as an attractive alternative to GaAs-based devices, particularly at millimeter wave frequencies, due to the superior transport properties of InP-based materials. Several research groups have demonstrated record performance for stand-alone InP HEMT and InP HBT technologies at the device and circuit levels. The ability to monolithically integrate high performance HEMTs and HBTs enables innovative circuit designs that take advantage of the strengths of each device technology. By matching the optimal device to its natural function, ultimate circuit performance can be achieved. For example, a HEMT low noise amplifier followed by an HBT high intercept amplifier would provide the highest dynamic range amplifier in comparison to a circuit made up of any one of the technologies. Previously, we have demonstrated this integration scheme for GaAs-based devices; now we report on the HEMT/HBT monolithic integration in the InP material system.
[Hypertrophy of the left ventricle--etiopathogenesis, clinical consequences and prognosis]. (1999)

The left ventricular hypertrophy is a risk marker of the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients--it contributes to sudden death, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, heart failure, arrhythmias, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, stroke and renal failure. The mechanisms by which the heart hypertrophy increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, however, is not completely clear yet. Pressure overload (resulting in the concentric hypertrophy) and volume overload (resulting in the eccentric hypertrophy) of the left ventricle play a significant role in the development of the hypertrophy of the left ventricle. Other risk factors, stimulating left ventricular hypertrophy, include growth factors, genetic predisposition, age, obesity, hyperinsulinemia and anemia. The hypertrophy of left ventricle most often occurs with hypertension, cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis. Several clinical studies evaluated functional consequences of the reduction of the ventricular hypertrophy and found out that the function of the left ventricle to be improved in hypertensive patients who had undergone an effective and long-term antihypertensive treatment. However, these studies did not differentiate whether for the improvement in the function of left ventricle was the matter of the reduction of the left ventricular mass or whether it was because of the decrease of the arterial pressure during the period of anti-hypertensive treatment. On the basis of the literature studied we can emphasize that the reduction of myocardial hypertrophy resulting from a specific antihypertensive treatment appears to be more favourable than harmful for the heart's pump performance.
Control over molecular motion using the<i>cis</i>–<i>trans</i>photoisomerization of the azo group (2012)

Control over molecular motion represents an important objective in modern chemistry. Aromatic azobenzenes are excellent candidates as molecular switches since they can exist in two forms, namely the cis (Z) and trans (E) isomers, which can interconvert both photochemically and thermally. This transformation induces a molecular movement and a significant geometric change, therefore the azobenzene unit is an excellent candidate to build dynamic molecular devices. We describe selected examples of systems containing an azobenzene moiety and their motions and geometrical changes caused by external stimuli.
Fabrication and testing of memristive devices (2010)

As semiconductor devices have shrunk further into the nanoscale regime, a new device, the memristor, has been discovered that has the potential to transform neuromorphic computing systems. This device is considered as the fourth fundamental circuit element. It was first theorized by Dr. Leon Chua in 1971 and has been discovered by HP labs in 2008. This paper describes initial efforts at fabricating the memristor devices and examining their properties. Two versions of memristor devices have been fabricated at the University of Dayton and the Air Force Research Laboratory utilizing varying thicknesses of the TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> dielectric layers. Our results show that the devices do exhibit the characteristic hysteresis loop in their I-V plots. Further refinement in the devices to achieve stronger hysteresis will be carried out as future work.
Diode pumped Nd<sup>3+</sup>: GdVO<sub>4</sub>laser with fibre input (1995)

A single-mode Nd3+ : GdVO4 laser (λ = 1.06 μm) with diode pumping (λ = 10.81 μm) and fibre input was constructed. It could be operated in the cw regime and in a regime of passive Q switching of the cavity. A technology was developed for coupling the radiation of laser diodes into fibre waveguides with an efficiency up to 93%. Without focusing of the pump radiation (of 175 mW power), the output power and the lasing threshold obtained for a hemispherical cavity 10 cm long were 38 and 15 mW, respectively. When the laser was passively Q switched by an LiF : crystal, the output was pulse-periodic: the pulse duration was 15–100 ns, the repetition frequency was 5–200 kHz, and the peak power was 10 W.
Association between preterm brain injury and exposure to chorioamnionitis during fetal life (2016)

Preterm infants are susceptible to inflammation-induced white matter injury but the exposures that lead to this are uncertain. Histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) reflects intrauterine inflammation, can trigger a fetal inflammatory response, and is closely associated with premature birth. In a cohort of 90 preterm infants with detailed placental histology and neonatal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data at term equivalent age, we used Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) to perform voxel-wise statistical comparison of fractional anisotropy (FA) data and computational morphometry analysis to compute the volumes of whole brain, tissue compartments and cerebrospinal fluid, to test the hypothesis that HCA is an independent antenatal risk factor for preterm brain injury. Twenty-six (29%) infants had HCA and this was associated with decreased FA in the genu, cingulum cingulate gyri, centrum semiovale, inferior longitudinal fasciculi, limbs of the internal capsule, external capsule and cerebellum (p < 0.05, corrected), independent of degree of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and postnatal sepsis. This suggests that diffuse white matter injury begins in utero for a significant proportion of preterm infants, which focuses attention on the development of methods for detecting fetuses and placentas at risk as a means of reducing preterm brain injury.
A CHEMICAL METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PTEROYLGLUTAMIC ACID AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1947)

an acid pH is cleaved to yield a pteridine and p-aminobenzoylglutamic acid.’ The reaction seems to be general for this group of compounds and is suggested as a basis for a chemical method for the determination of pteroylglutamic acid, its derivatives, and analogues. The method consists of reducing the compound with zinc dust in 0.5 N hydrochloric acid. The aromatic amine is measured by the method of Bratton and Marshall (1) before and after reduction. The difference between the two values multiplied by the appropriate factor is a measure of the pteroyl derivative present.
Bactericidal effect of photodynamic therapy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain with the use of various porphyrin photosensitizers. (2007)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on photosensitizers activated by light of appropriate wavelength. Their activation leads to generation of singlet oxygen and free radicals responsible for the cytotoxic effect. The aim of this project was to compare the bactericidal effect of PDT using different porphyrin photosensitizers against a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. Exogenous sensitizers (protoporphyrin IX and newly synthesized derivative, protoporphyrin diarginate) induced a 3 log10-unit reduction in bacterial viable counts. With the use of endogenous, ALA-induced porphyrins, a 1.6 log10-unit reduction was obtained. The sensitizers tested executed their antibacterial activity with no essential change in the antibiotic resistance pattern of the studied strain.
Bonsai Trees, or How to Delegate a Lattice Basis. (2010)

Abstract. We introduce a new lattice-based cryptographic structure called a bonsai tree, and use it to resolve some important open problems in the area. Applications of bonsai trees include: – An efficient, stateless ‘hash-and-sign ’ signature scheme in the standard model (i.e., no random oracles), and – The first hierarchical identity-based encryption (HIBE) scheme (also in the standard model) that does not rely on bilinear pairings. Interestingly, the abstract properties of bonsai trees seem to have no known realization in conventional number-theoretic cryptography. 1
Interaction-level support for collaborative learning (1995)

Article Interaction-level support for collaborative learning: AlgoBlock—an open programming language Share on Authors: Hideyuki Suzuki View Profile , Hiroshi Kato View Profile Authors Info & Claims CSCL '95: The first international conference on Computer support for collaborative learningOctober 1995 Pages 349–355https://doi.org/10.3115/222020.222828Online:01 October 1995Publication History 52citation789DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations52Total Downloads789Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Predictable modification of enzyme specificity. Selective alteration of DNA bases by metal ions to promote cleavage specificity by deoxyribonuclease (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPredictable modification of enzyme specificity. Selective alteration of DNA bases by metal ions to promote cleavage specificity by deoxyribonucleaseP. Clark and G. L. EichhornCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 25, 5098–5102Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00722a007https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00722a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PNA Openers and Their Applications (2003)

Pyrimidine peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are able to sequencespecifically invade corresponding target sites of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) yielding P-loops (1). Within P-loops (also known as invasion triplexes) two PNA oligomers form a triplex with the complementary purine site of one DNA strand, leaving the other DNA strand displaced (Fig. 1A). To enhance strand-invasion efficiency, PNA clamps or bis-PNAs are often used. In them, a pair of pyrimidine PNA oligomers with mirror-symmetrical sequences are covalently connected via a flexible linker (1–4). Linkage of two PNA oligomers offers the possibility to expediently design one PNA strand preferentially for Watson-Crick binding and the other PNA strand preferentially for Hoogsteen binding (2), as it is required by the structure of PNA2-DNA triplexes (3,4). This also reduces the order of the strand-displacement reaction by one, therefore accelerating the PNA invasion (1,4).
A comprehensive evaluation of the PRESAGE/optical‐CT 3D dosimetry system (2008)

This work presents extensive investigations to evaluate the robustness (intradosimeter consistency and temporal stability of response), reproducibility, precision, and accuracy of a relatively new 3D dosimetry system comprising a leuco-dye doped plastic 3D dosimeter (PRESAGE) and a commercial optical-CT scanner (OCTOPUS 5x scanner from MGS Research, Inc). Four identical PRESAGE 3D dosimeters were created such that they were compatible with the Radiologic Physics Center (RPC) head-and-neck (H&N) IMRT credentialing phantom. Each dosimeter was irradiated with a rotationally symmetric arrangement of nine identical small fields (1 x 3 cm2) impinging on the flat circular face of the dosimeter. A repetitious sequence of three dose levels (4, 2.88, and 1.28 Gy) was delivered. The rotationally symmetric treatment resulted in a dose distribution with high spatial variation in axial planes but only gradual variation with depth along the long axis of the dosimeter. The significance of this treatment was that it facilitated accurate film dosimetry in the axial plane, for independent verification. Also, it enabled rigorous evaluation of robustness, reproducibility and accuracy of response, at the three dose levels. The OCTOPUS 5x commercial scanner was used for dose readout from the dosimeters at daily time intervals. The use of improved optics and acquisition technique yielded substantially improved noise characteristics (reduced to approximately 2%) than has been achieved previously. Intradosimeter uniformity of radiochromic response was evaluated by calculating a 3D gamma comparison between each dosimeter and axially rotated copies of the same dosimeter. This convenient technique exploits the rotational symmetry of the distribution. All points in the gamma comparison passed a 2% difference, 1 mm distance-to-agreement criteria indicating excellent intradosimeter uniformity even at low dose levels. Postirradiation, the dosimeters were all found to exhibit a slight increase in opaqueness with time. However, the relative dose distribution was found to be extremely stable up to 90 h postirradiation indicating excellent temporal stability. Excellent interdosimeter reproducibility was also observed between the four dosimeters. Gamma comparison maps between each dosimeter and the average distribution of all four dosimeters showed full agreement at the 2% difference, 2 mm distance-to-agreement level. Dose readout from the 3D dosimetry system was found to agree better with independent film measurement than with treatment planning system calculations in penumbral regions and was generally accurate to within 2% dose difference and 2 mm distance-to-agreement. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate excellent precision, accuracy, robustness, and reproducibility of the PRESAGE/optical-CT system for relative 3D dosimetry and support its potential integration with the RPC H&N credentialing phantom for IMRT verification.
A Novel Method for Preparation of Zn‐Doped CuInS<sub>2</sub> Solar Cells and Their Photovoltaic Performance (2013)

In this study, a novel method was proposed to synthesize high quality Zn-doped CuInS₂ nanocrystals under high frequency magnetic field at ambient conditions. The magnetic Zn-doping gave superparamagnetic heating of the resulting nanocrystals via magnetic induction, causing an accelerating growth rate of the doped CuInS₂ under ambient conditions faster than conventional autoclave synthesis. Shape evolution of the Zn-doped CuInS₂ nanocrystals from initially spherical to pyramidal, to cubic, and finally to a bar geometry was detected as a function of time of exposure to magnetic induction. These colloidal solvents with different shaped nanocrystals were further used as "nanoink" to fabricate a simple thin film solar device; the best efficiency we obtained of these crystals was 1.01% with a 1.012 μm thickness absorber layer (bar geometry). The efficiency could be promoted to 1.44% after the absorber was thickened to 2.132 μm.
Synthesis of controlled-structure sulfate-based copolymers via atom transfer radical polymerisation and their use as crystal habit modifiers for BaSO4 (2002)

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation (ATRP) has been used to polymerise ammonium 2-sulfatoethyl methacrylate (SEM) in aqueous media using various poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macro-initiators to give a range of controlled-structure, sulfate-based block copolymers. Such PEG–SEM diblock copolymers are effective crystal habit modifiers for the in situ precipitation of BaSO4 in dilute aqueous solution. In the presence of the PEG–SEM copolymer, near-monodisperse, lozenge-shaped BaSO4 particles were obtained, depending on the relative block lengths. X-Ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis of these particles demonstrated that they are polycrystalline in nature and contain around 8% copolymer by mass. This compares with the characteristic polydisperse rectangular platelets of single crystal BaSO4 obtained in the absence of the copolymer. Control experiments suggest that, while only the SEM block interacts directly with the particle surface, the PEG block also plays an important role in controlling the crystal growth. Independent variation of the PEG and SEM block lengths therefore provides a subtle mechanism for controlling the morphology, size distribution and crystalline structure of the inorganic phase.
IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group Title Channel Models for Fixed Wireless Applications (final IEEE 802.16 TG3 ad hoc version) Date Submitted (2001)

The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate text contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.16. Patent Policy and Procedures The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802.16 Patent Policy and Procedures (Version 1.0) , including the statement IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, if there is technical justification in the opinion of the standards-developing committee and provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder that it will license applicants under reasonable terms and conditions for the purpose of implementing the standard. Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair as early as possible, in written or electronic form, of any patents (granted or under application) that may cover technology that is under consideration by or has been approved by IEEE 802.16. The Chair will disclose this notification via the IEEE 802.16 web site .
Exploiting the web for point-in-time file sharing (2005)

We describe a simple approach to "point-in-time" file sharing based on time expiring web links and personal webservers. This approach to file sharing is useful in environments where instant messaging clients are varied and don't necessarily support (compatible) file transfer protocols. We discuss the features of such an approach along with a successfully deployed implementation now in wide use throughout the IBM corporation.
A Novel MYB-Related Gene from Arabidopsis thaliana Expressed in Developing Anthers (1999)

A novel MYB-like gene (AtMYB103) was isolated from a genomic library of Arabidopsis. Plants transgenic for chimeric AtMYB103 promoter/GUS genes expressed the enzyme in early anthers. In situ hybridization of flower sections showed a high level of AtMYB103 mRNA in the tapetum and middle layer of developing anthers.
Constructing a Concept Vehicle Structure Optimized for Crashworthiness (2019)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Multi-disciplinary optimization (MDO) of a vehicle structure at the earliest stages of design is critical as OEMs are pressed to reduce the design time in order to respond to various demands from the market. MDO for the three essential areas of performance of the vehicle structure (NVH, Crash, and Durability) needs the throughput for each of the major disciplines to be approximately in the same range of turn-around time. However, crashworthiness simulation typically takes significantly longer than the others, making it difficult to include crashworthiness in the MDO. There have been many approaches to address crash simulation in a shorter time. The lumped mass-spring method is one of the approaches but has not been widely accepted since there are many difficulties in modeling and replicating the existing structure. It required physical or Finite Element tests for all structural components to get the spring properties, and then it is hard to convert the optimized spring properties into the real design of the structural components. In this paper, a reversed workflow is presented to construct the structure with the lumped mass-spring model and then find the proper component geometry with parametric optimization.</div></div>
Peptide reporters of kinase activity in whole cell lysates (2010)

Kinase assays are used to screen for small-molecule inhibitors that may show promise as targeted pharmaceutical therapies. Using cell lysates instead of purified kinases provides a more accurate estimate of inhibitor sensitivity and selectivity in a biological setting. This review summarizes the range of homogeneous (solution-phase) and heterogeneous (solid-supported) formats available for using peptide substrates to monitor kinase activities in cell lysates. With a focus on heterogeneous kinase assays, the peptide substrate Abltide is used as a model to optimize presentation geometries and the modular arrangement of short sequences for kinase recognition. We present results from peptides immobilized on two- and three-dimensional surfaces such as hydrogels on 96-well plates and glass slides, and fluorescent Luminex beads. We discuss methods to increase assay sensitivity using chemifluorescent ELISAs, antibody-based recognition, and label-free mass spectrometry. Monitoring the activity of specific kinases in cell lysates presents challenges that can be overcome by manipulating peptide substrates to optimize assay conditions. In particular, signal-to-background ratios were improved by (1) adding long branched hydrophilic linkers between the substrate and the surface, (2) changing the orientation of peptides relative to the surface, and (3) including peptide ligands in cis or in trans to recruit kinases to the surface. By improving the accessibility of immobilized peptide substrates to kinases in solution, the apparent rate of phosphorylation increased and assays were more sensitive to changes in endogenous kinase activities. These strategies can be generalized to improve the reactivity of most peptide substrates used in heterogeneous kinase assays with cell lysates.
Novel Asymmetric Approach to Proline‐Derived Spiro‐β‐lactams. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.