gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Bender Element–Ultrasonic System for Measurement of Wave Velocity in Soils (2014)

Abstract In recent years, the determination of the small strain modulus of soils from laboratory measurement of the elastic wave velocity has become more common. Piezoelectric elements are used in these tests, with two types of configurations: fixed to the back face of a platen as an ultrasonic transducer, or as a bimorph that slightly protrudes out of the platen. A survey of the literature shows that bender/extender elements are more widely used than ultrasonic transducers in soil tests. However, bender/extender elements are invasive in nature. Besides introducing some degree of specimen disturbance, they need to be sufficiently robust for insertion into the soil specimen, and they also need to be properly waterproofed to avoid short-circuiting. Ultrasonic transducers can solve the above-mentioned problems. However, the detection of shear waves can be challenging in soils, as reported in the literature. The objectives of this paper are to examine the difficulties of shear wave detection by ultrasonic transducers and to propose a hybrid bender element–ultrasonic system that partially alleviates the problems associated with bender/extender elements while still providing reliable shear wave velocity measurement. The hybrid system used was calibrated with standard materials, and tests were conducted on sand and kaolin specimens. Relative to bender/extender elements and ultrasonic transducers, the hybrid system showed better performance in determining wave velocities in soil tests, especially for shear waves.
Continuous, on-line, real-time measurement of cardiac output and derived cardiorespiratory variables in the critically ill (1985)

A previously reported monitoring system provided continuous direct measurements of oxygen consumption and intravascular pressures. These data were combined with interval measurements of cardiac output and blood oxygen saturations to derive various hemodynamic and oxygen transport variables. This system has now been modified so that cardiac output is measured continuously in real-time.
Advantages of combined transmembrane topology and signal peptide prediction--the Phobius web server (2007)

When using conventional transmembrane topology and signal peptide predictors, such as TMHMM and SignalP, there is a substantial overlap between these two types of predictions. Applying these methods to five complete proteomes, we found that 30-65% of all predicted signal peptides and 25-35% of all predicted transmembrane topologies overlap. This impairs predictions of 5-10% of the proteome, hence this is an important issue in protein annotation. To address this problem, we previously designed a hidden Markov model, Phobius, that combines transmembrane topology and signal peptide predictions. The method makes an optimal choice between transmembrane segments and signal peptides, and also allows constrained and homology-enriched predictions. We here present a web interface (http://phobius.cgb.ki.se and http://phobius.binf.ku.dk) to access Phobius.
The Spectral Distribution of Firefly Light (1964)

The in vivo emission spectra of sixteen species of Jamaican fireflies and four species of American fireflies have been measured with a photoelectric recording spectrometer. A simple technique of stimulation with ethyl acetate vapor was found to elicit bright continuous emission over a period of several minutes. Although the luciferin-luciferase cross-reactions were positive in all cases tested, peak intensity wavelengths show distinct species differences, ranging from 5520 to 5820 A. Widely separated emission peaks arise from the thoracic and abdominal organs respectively in the same animal, the click-beetle, Pyrophorus.
A New and Easy Route to Polysilanylpotassium Compounds (1998)

A method is presented for the synthesis of tertiary, secondary, and primary polysilylpotassium compounds. Reaction of potassium tert-butoxide, in either DME or THF, with a suitable precursor molecule, proceeds by cleavage of a trimethylsilyl− polysilanyl bond, and formation of trimethylsilyl tert-butyl ether and a polysilanylpotassium compound. This route allows easy and flexible access to a number of novel polysilanylpotassium compounds, avoiding the hitherto common use of poisonous mercury compounds.
Carrier Selection: Understanding the Needs of Less-than-Truckload Shippers (2013)

There is a substantial body of research devoted to the processes shippers use in selecting motor carriers. Using data collected from 222 less-thantruckload (LTL) shippers, the current study attempts to further extend knowledge in this area in three ways by (1) examining additional carrier selection variables that heretofore have not been investigated, (2) employing a research method that has not been used in previous studies, and (3) conducting segmentation analyses of LTL shippers in their selection of motor carriers. In addition, this study identified five distinct need-based segments of LTL shippers that assigned differential importance to the variables considered in the selection process. The authors also describe the basic demographic characteristics of each segment. Recommendations for managerial actions and future research on carrier selection are provided.
Determination of Limit Load by Means of Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Analysis as Exemplified by a Lateral Nozzle Subjected to Cyclic External Load (1999)

Welded pipe connections on vessels and piping are generally subjected to high loads, which can enter from restrained thermal expansion, vibration of pipes or shock pressures caused when opening valves. Presented is a method for determining the shakedown limit of components using the finite-element method, which is based on material ductility and which can make statements of load limit and failure of the components.
The Physical Properties of the Jovian Atmosphere inferred from Eclipses of the Galilean Satellites. I. Preliminary Results (1971)

Abstract Simultaneous two-color photometry of Ganymede was carried out at blue (γ 4500 A) and yellow (γ 5790 A) wavelengths during its eclipse by Jupiter on 1970 March 24. In both colors, the shape of the ingress light curve was reliably determined for extinctions up to 9 magnitudes using an area-scanning photometer. Both curves showed a refraction tail, caused by sunlight passing through the Jovian atmosphere, after the satellite had entered the geometrical shadow of the planet. The observations have been used to infer the basic optical scattering properties of the atmosphere. At gas number densities near 5 × 10 18 cm −3 , the Jovian atmosphere contains a haze of aerosol particles whose radii are at least 1 μ. Their maximum permissible number density in those regions of the atmosphere is 0.2 cm −3 . At both blue and yellow wavelengths the amount of gas in a scattering mean free path is estimated to be 140 km atm. The observations give an optimum photometric radius for Ganymede of 2200 (±100) km.
Nuclear Targeting of Mutant Huntingtin Increases Toxicity (1999)

Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from expansion of the polyglutamine region in huntingtin. Although huntingtin is normally cytoplasmic, in affected brain regions proteolytic fragments of mutant huntingtin containing the polyglutamine repeat form intranuclear inclusions. Here, we examine the contribution of nuclear localization to toxicity by transiently transfecting neuro-2a cells with an N-terminal huntingtin fragment similar in size to that believed to be present in patients. The huntingtin fragment, HD-N63, was targeted either to the cytoplasm with a nuclear export signal (NES) or to the nucleus with a nuclear localization signal (NLS). The NES decreased the number of cells with aggregates in the nucleus while an NLS had the opposite effect. By cotransfecting HD-N63 with GFP as a marker, we observed direct cell loss with constructs containing expanded polyglutamine repeats. Compared to unmodified HD-N63-75Q, adding an NES reduced cell loss by 57% while an NLS increased cell loss by 111%. These results indicate that nuclear localization of mutant huntingtin fragments plays an important role in cell toxicity.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Indole-Based Squaraines (2015)

A microwave-assisted method for the preparation of a wide color range of 2,3,3-trimethylindolenine-based squaraines and their intermediates is described. This practical approach allows the rapid preparation of both symmetrical and nonsymmetrical squaraine dyes, reducing reaction time from days to minutes with more than 2-fold improvement in product yields when compared to conventional methods.
Cardiac sympathetic afferent sensitivity is enhanced in heart failure (1999)

A previous study from this laboratory has shown that cardiac sympathetic afferent stimulation by epicardial application of bradykinin (BK) and capsaicin was significantly enhanced in the dog with experimental heart failure (HF). The present study determined whether activity from cardiac sympathetic chemosensitive afferent endings is enhanced in HF. Rapid ventricular pacing was induced in six dogs. Five sham dogs served as controls. At the time of the acute experiment, the dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg iv). A thoracotomy was performed in the second intercostal space, and single afferent fiber discharge from the left cardiac sympathetic nerve was recorded. Baseline cardiac sympathetic afferent discharge rate (spikes/s) and its responses to intra-atrial injection of BK were compared between sham and HF groups. Baseline cardiac sympathetic afferent discharge rate in the HF group was significantly elevated compared with the sham group (4.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.6 spikes/s, P < 0.05). In addition, cardiac sympathetic afferent responses to left intra-atrial injection of bradykinin (2 and 5 microgram/kg) and capsaicin (5 and 10 microgram/kg) were also significantly augmented. The sensitized cardiac sympathetic afferent responses to BK (2 and 5 microgram/kg, left intra-atrial injection) in the HF group were significantly reduced by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mg/kg iv). The sensitized cardiac sympathetic afferent response to capsaicin (5 and 10 microgram/kg, left intra-atrial injection) in the HF group was preserved. It is suggested that the cardiac sympathetic chemosensitive afferent sensitivity is significantly enhanced in dogs with HF even though the baseline cardiac sympathetic afferent discharge is elevated.
Synergistic Action of Flavonoids, Baicalein, and Daidzein in Estrogenic and Neuroprotective Effects: A Development of Potential Health Products and Therapeutic Drugs against Alzheimer’s Disease (2013)

Despite the classical hormonal effect, estrogen has been reported to mediate neuroprotection in the brain, which leads to the searching of estrogen-like substances for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Flavonoids, a group of natural compounds, are well known to possess estrogenic effects and used to substitute estrogen, that is, phytoestrogen. Flavonoid serves as one of the potential targets for the development of natural supplements and therapeutic drugs against different diseases. The neuroprotection activity of flavonoids was chosen for a possible development of anti-Alzheimer's drugs or food supplements. The estrogenic activity of two flavonoids, baicalein and daidzein, were demonstrated by their strong abilities in stimulating estrogen receptor phosphorylation and transcriptional activation of estrogen responsive element in MCF-7 breast cells. The neuroprotection effects of flavonoids against β -amyloid (A β ) were revealed by their inhibition effects on in vitro A β aggregation and A β -induced cytotoxicity in PC12 neuronal cells. More importantly, the estrogenic and neuroprotective activities of individual flavonoid could be further enhanced by the cotreatment in the cultures. Taken together, this synergistic effect of baicalein and daidzein might serve as a method to improve the therapeutic efficacy of different flavonoids against A β , which might be crucial in developing those flavonoidsin treating Alzheimer's disease in the future.
Interaction of oxidized HDLs with J774-A1 macrophages causes intracellular accumulation of unesterified cholesterol. (1993)

Uptake of modified lipoproteins by resident arterial monocytes/macrophages is believed to be a key event in the formation of foam cells and thus in the early phases of atherosclerosis. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) that undergo oxidative changes become suitable for uptake by macrophages through a specific scavenger receptor that leads to cholesteryl ester accumulation. Because the interaction of other oxidized lipoproteins with macrophages has been poorly investigated, we studied the effect of oxidatively modified high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) on the sterol metabolism of J774-A1 macrophages. Unlike native HDLs, oxidized HDLs caused a concentration-dependent accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and decreased [14C]oleate incorporation into steryl esters. Oxidized HDLs also decreased [14C]acetate incorporation into newly synthesized sterols. Cell surface binding of 125I-oxidized HDLs to the macrophages was saturable, with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.96 nmol/mL. Both oxidized and acetylated LDLs but not native lipoproteins could compete for binding of 125I-oxidized HDL. The data support the conclusion that the effects elicited by oxidized HDLs on the sterol metabolism of macrophages are significantly different from those of native HDLs. The binding of oxidized HDLs to macrophages occurs at sites that are likely the same as those for modified LDLs. We speculate that, if occurring in vivo, HDL oxidation would generate modified lipoproteins capable of modulating the cholesterol homeostasis of macrophages.
Dual Function of the Hydration Layer around an Antifreeze Protein Revealed by Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2008)

Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the mechanism by which the antifreeze protein from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, binds to ice. Comparison of structural and dynamic properties of the water around the three faces of the triangular prism-shaped protein in aqueous solution reveals that at low temperature the water structure is ordered and the dynamics slowed down around the ice-binding face of the protein, with a disordering effect observed around the other two faces. These results suggest a dual role for the solvation water around the protein. The preconfigured solvation shell around the ice-binding face is involved in the initial recognition and binding of the antifreeze protein to ice by lowering the barrier for binding and consolidation of the protein:ice interaction surface. Thus, the antifreeze protein can bind to the molecularly rough ice surface by becoming actively involved in the formation of its own binding site. Also, the disruption of water structure around the rest of the protein helps prevent the adsorbed protein becoming covered by further ice growth.
The   and 434 Phage Repressors (1970)

The phenomenon of lysogeny was cited by Jacob and Monod in 1961 as an example of gene control by repressors. It was hypothesized that each temperate phage produces a repressor which specifically blocks the functioning of early genes of that phage. Since the late genes function only if provided with certain early gene products, the proposed repressor action would suffice to turn off all the lytic phage genes, thereby permitting lysogenization. According to these ideas, the dormant phage genes would resume functioning upon removal of the repressor, and it was proposed that inducing agents, such as UV light, function by inactivating the repressor.
Parvovirus B19 infection in a liver transplant recipient: case report and review in organ transplant recipients. (1996)

We report an adult liver transplant recipient with parvovirus B19 infection, presenting as chronic transfusion-dependent anemia ensuing 1 month post-transplantation. Both serum and bone marrow cells were positive for parvovirus B19 DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction. The bone marrow biopsy revealed erythroid hypoplasia with a selective decrease of nucleated red cell precursors, and giant pronormoblasts with prominent intranuclear inclusions, characteristic of parvovirus B19 infection. Anemia and viremia resolved shortly after administration of immunoglobulin, suggesting a therapeutic role. This case and several similar ones in the literature provide justification for a controlled clinical trial of immunoglobulin for parvovirus-induced anemia in transplant recipients.
UWB positioning with virtual anchors and floor plan information (2010)

This paper describes an indoor positioning method using ultra-wideband (UWB) signals from one single transmitter at a known location together with a-priori floor plan information. The position of the receiver is estimated from the signal reflections in the room walls and the direct signal path. Therefore, the algorithm is inherently robust to non-line-of-sight conditions, which are considered a key problem in range-based positioning. We introduce likelihood models for the individual range measurements that correspond to single and double reflections. Using the room geometry, these reflections can be mapped to virtual anchors at known positions and the multilateration problem can be solved using statistical techniques. Simulation results show that this approach of position estimation is a promising candidate for robust and accurate localization.
A2 Project phasing and procurement in relation to slope management (2011)

Road construction and improvement projects (usually comprising widening, pavement reconstruction or resurfacing and improvements to horizontal geometry) are conventionally subdivided into the following stages: 

Low-cost road projects located in flat or gently rolling terrain typically incur costs in the following proportions (though percentages can vary significantly from project to project): 

For new roads in hilly and mountainous terrain several alignment options may exist, each with its own implications for length, ease of construction, stability and cost. Decisions made over alignment selection and the choice of cross-section can have profound effects on the cost of construction and the performance of the works during operation and maintenance. Investments in desk studies and engineering geological field investigations during the feasibility study and design stages can assist this decision-making and help avoid otherwise unforeseen ground conditions and stability problems during later stages. It is recommended that the opportunity be taken during these early stages to carry out these studies, especially in difficult and complex terrain. A cost distribution between the three main project stages might then be of the order of 5%, 5% and 90% respectively. For example, in the case of the Arun III hydropower access road in Nepal, where comprehensive preparatory studies were undertaken, the combined cost of the feasibility study and design amounted to a little under 9% of the tendered construction price. Additional costs incurred in the procurement of aerial photography, detailed terrain classification and engineering geological mapping (Sections B2.5 & B3.4) and the monitoring of landslides and floods for design purposes probably raised this figure to over 10% (Hearn & Lawrance 2000). These investments enabled geohazards to be identified, assessed and compared for different corridor options and assisted in the …
Fixed holographic optical interconnects for neural networks (1990)

The non-interacting nature and free spsce propagation of light allows optical interconnectioni with higher degree of connectivity then is pouible with conventional electronic integrated circuits where the interacting electroni must travel along paths which do not meet and where the geometry is confined to two dimensions. Optical interconnection can be realised in free space with arrays of computer generated holograms (CGHs) and are suitable for the interconnection of neural networks. Fan-out presents a problem of low diffraction efficiency and quantisation noise due to the dynamic range of the associated Fourier transform used to encode the hologram. Manipulation of the phase of individual output spots diminLshes the dynamic range and helps to alieviate this problem. Systems assembled using commercially available SLMs, detector arrays and computer workstations together with the CGH arrays are described and the realisation of more complex systems discussed.
A Matlab Toolbox for Parametric Identification of Radiation-Force Models of Ships and Offshore Structures (2009)

This article describes a Matlab toolbox for parametric identification of fluid-memory models associated with the radiation forces ships and offshore structures. Radiation forces are a key component of forceto-motion models used in simulators, motion control designs, and also for initial performance evaluation of wave-energy converters. The software described provides tools for preparing non-parmatric data and for identification with automatic model-order detection. The identification problem is considered in the frequency domain.
Overcoming the disadvantages of fumed silica as filler in elastomer composites (2011)

Elastomeric composites have been prepared using pre-treated fumed silica as a reinforcing system. The processing disadvantages of fumed silica were overcome by a novel one-pot modification method based on silanization treatment of silica particles after an ultra-high energy sonication process that breaks down the micro-aggregates/agglomerates of pristine silica into nanoparticles. Grafted organosilane molecules on the nanoparticle surfaces avoid the natural tendency for silica particles to re-agglomerate obtaining a stable dispersion of organo nanosilica particles that are compatible with the rubber matrix. The modified nanosilica can be easily incorporated into the elastomer matrix by conventional methods employed in rubber technology, contrary to pristine fumed silica which shows significant compounding disadvantages leading to high viscosity compounds. The improved dispersion and enhanced interface significantly enhance the final properties of the composites. Finally, the filler–rubber interface was characterized combining 1H low field Double Quantum (DQ) NMR spectroscopy and equilibrium swelling experiments. This novel experimental methodology demonstrates the existence of improved interactions in the interface between silica particles and rubber macromolecules.
Risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with hepatitis C virus infection (1999)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been suggested to play an etiological role in the development of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in Italy. However, another study in Scotland questioned increased risk of development of NHL in patients with chronic HCV infection. A total of 2,162 patients admitted to 3 hospitals in Osaka, where the incidence of HCV-related hepatitis is highest in Japan, during the period from 1957 to 1997 were followed up from the date of diagnosis of chronic HCV-related hepatitis until 30 October 1997. Overall, 12,404.5 person-years of observation were accrued with a follow-up period ranging from 0.25 to 40.4 (average 5.74) years. NHL of the B-cell type developed in 4 patients. The interval between onset of chronic HCV and NHL ranged from 6 to 36 (median 13) years. Expected number of cases of NHL in the sex-, age- and calendar year-matched general population was 1.90, which gave a relative risk (RR) of 2.10 (95% confidence interval 0.57-5.38; p = 0.247). Taking the much higher RR for hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with HCV infection into account, chronic HCV infection was considered to be moderately associated with increased risk of NHL.