gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural antimicrobial peptides against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2015)

TB, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one the leading infectious diseases worldwide. There is an urgent need to discover new drugs with unique structures and uncommon mechanisms of action to treat M. tuberculosis and combat antimycobacterial resistance. Naturally occurring compounds contain a wide diversity of chemical structures, displaying a wide range of in vitro potency towards M. tuberculosis. A number of recent studies have shown that natural antimycobacterial peptides can disrupt the function of the mycobacterial cell wall through different modes of action and thereafter interact with intracellular targets, including nucleic acids, enzymes and even organelles. More importantly, the probability of antimycobacterial resistance is low. This review presents several natural antimicrobial peptides isolated from different organism sources, including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. In addition, the molecular features of these molecules are the subject of much attention. Such peptides have common traits among their chemical features, which may be correlated with their biological activities; hence, different parts of the molecular structures can be modified in order to increase penetration into the target cells. This review also summarizes the available information on the properties of antimycobacterial peptides associated with their biological activities.
Anti-tumor effects of a human VEGFR-2-based DNA vaccine in mouse models (2009)

Our study shows that a DNA vaccine based on a xenogeneic homologue plasmid DNA induced autoimmunity against VEGFR-2, resulting in inhibition of tumor growth. Such vaccines may be clinically relevant for cancer immunotherapy.
Postprandial gastric, pancreatic, and biliary response to histamine H2-receptor antagonists active duodenal ulcer. (1977)

Histamine H2-receptor antagonists are potentially useful agents in duodenal ulcer and knowledge of their effect on postprandial digestive events will contribute to their clinical application. We studied the effect of 200- and 300-mg doses of cimetidine, an H2-receptor antagonist, taken with an ordinary meal, on gastric, pancreatic, and biliary function. Both doses significantly reduced acid output and its delivery into the duodenum. Gastric secretory volume and pepsin output were less affected. Acid inhibition was related to blood drug levels and was less than that previously found at night in nocturnal fasting studies. As the stomach emptied the food, the gastric pH rose. The fractional gastric emptying rate, pancreatic enzyme, and bile acid outputs were unaltered. Cimetidine taken orally with meals at these doses is a potent gastric antisecretory agent without affecting other postprandial gastric, pancreatic, or biliary functions.
Structural changes in membranes produced by the binding of small amphipathic molecules (1984)

In their interactions with membranes, amphipathic small molecules exhibit detergent-like properties. At sufficiently high concentrations (above their critical micelle concentrations, if they form micelles), they substantially dissolve membranes. At lower concentrations, between maximally antihemolytic and lytic, we show here that the amphipaths significantly perturb membrane structure. Each of six small-molecule amphipaths was shown by hygroscopic desorption filtration to induce the extraction of small but significant amounts of membrane components, partly in the form of vesicular fragments, from red blood cell membranes. These extracts were enriched in the lipid to protein ratio as compared to the intact membrane, and the protein composition was highly unrepresentative. A similar set of extractions from sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes was induced by the six amphipaths. We conclude that small-molecule amphipaths, at concentrations lower than lytic, promote gross redistributions of components in the plane of a membrane that result in the observed extractions.
Analysis of <i>N</i>‐glycans of pathological tau: possible occurrence of aberrant processing of tau in Alzheimer's disease (2001)

In a previous study [Wang et al. (1996) Nat. Med. 2, 871-875], Wang et al. found (i) that abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau (AD P-tau) isolated from Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain as paired helical filaments (PHF)-tau and as cytosolic AD P-tau but not tau from normal brain were stained by lectins, and (ii) that on in vitro deglycosylation the PHF untwisted into sheets of thin straight filaments, suggesting that tau only in AD brains is glycosylated. To elucidate the primary structure of N-glycans, we comparatively analyzed the N-glycan structures obtained from PHF-tau and AD P-tau. More than half of N-glycans found in PHF-tau and AD P-tau were different. High mannose-type sugar chains and truncated N-glycans were found in both taus in addition to a small amount of sialylated bi- and triantennary sugar chains. More truncated glycans were richer in PHF-tau than AD P-tau. This enrichment of more truncated glycans in PHF might be involved in promoting the assembly and or stabilizing the pathological fibrils in AD.
Dynamic Panoramic Surround Map: Motivation and Omni Video Based Approach (2006)

Awareness of what surrounds a vehicle directly affects the safe driving and maneuvering of an automobile. Surround information or maps can help in ethnographic studies of driver behavior as well as provide a critical input in the development of effective driver assistance system. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Dynamic Panoramic Surround (DPS) map that shows the nearby surroundings of the vehicle, and detects the objects of importance on the road. Omnidirectional cameras which give a panoramic view of the surroundings can be useful for visualizing and analyzing the nearby surroundings of the vehicle. A novel approach for synthesizing the DPS using stereo and motion analysis of video images from a pair of omni-directional cameras on the vehicle is developed. Successful generation of DPS in experimental runs on an instrumented vehicle testbed is demonstrated. These experiments prove the basic feasibility and show promise of omni video based DPS capture algorithm to provide useful semantic descriptors of the state of moving vehicles and obstacles in the vicinity of a vehicle.
ChemInform Abstract: Mass Spectrometry in Viral Proteomics (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Augmentation of osteoporotic bone: Effect of pulsed jet‐lavage on injection forces, cement distribution, and push‐out strength of implants (2005)

Demographic change in the population leads to higher incidence of fragility fractures. Fracture fixation with standard implants may lead to implant cut-out due to reduced purchase. Augmentation of the bone stock with bone cements might overcome this problem. However, cancellous bone infiltration with the viscous cement dough reveals problems of fat embolism or high pressures during application of the cement. This study investigates the improved quality of bovine cancellous bone augmentation when pulsed jet-lavage is used for fat and marrow removal. Parameters such as injection forces, cement dough distribution through cannulated implants and mechanical strength of the fixation were applied for quantification. Injection of 5 mL of acrylic bone cement required significantly lower forces in the lavaged as compared to the untreated bone (50 N vs. > 300 N). Cement distribution was much more homogeneous and push-out forces significantly higher in the pretreated bone group (8.33 +/- 1.41 kN vs. 1.66 +/- 0.63 kN). The application of pulsed jet-lavage for fat removal prior to acrylic cement augmentation led to much more controlled outcomes of the augmentation. This seems to be a relevant step towards safe and efficient injection of bone cements into cancellous bone structures.
Differential Migration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Ischemic Regions after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats (2015)

To evaluate the optimal timing of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation following stroke, rats were transplanted with MSCs at 1 (D1), 4 (D4), and 7 days (D7) after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Rats in the D1 group showed a better functional recovery than those in the D4 or D7 groups after MCAo. MSCs preferentially migrated to the cortex in the D1 group, while the MSCs in the D4 or D7 groups preferentially migrated to the striatum. Interestingly, the level of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the cortex was highest at 1 day after MCAo, while the level of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in the striatum was lowest at 1 day after MCAo and then increased over time. The pattern of MCP-1 and SDF-1 level changes according to the time after MCAo was consistent with in vivo and in vitro migration patterns of MSCs. The results suggest that an earlier MSC transplantation is associated with a better functional recovery after stroke, which could be explained by the preferential migration of MSCs to the cortex in the early transplantation group. The time-dependent differential expression of MCP-1 and SDF-1 between ischemic regions seemed to mediate the differential migration of MSCs. Highest level of MCP-1 at one day of stroke may induce preferential migration of MSCs to the cortex, then better functional improvement.
Hydroxylated Aromatic Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroxylated Aromatic Inhibitors of HIV-1 IntegraseTerrence R. Jr. Burke, Mark Fesen, Abhijit Mazumder, Jessie Yung, Jian Wang, Adelaide M. Carothers, Dezider Grunberger, John Driscoll, Yves Pommier, and Kurt KohnCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 21, 4171–4178Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00021a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00021a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views922Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Base-Modified 2′-Deoxyribonucleoside Triphosphates and Their Use in Enzymatic Synthesis of Modified DNA for Applications in Bioanalysis and Chemical Biology (2014)

The synthesis of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) either by classical triphosphorylation of nucleosides or by aqueous cross-coupling reactions of halogenated dNTPs is discussed. Different enzymatic methods for synthesis of modified oligonucleotides and DNA by polymerase incorporation of modified nucleotides are summarized, and the applications in redox or fluorescent labeling, as well as in bioconjugations and modulation of interactions of DNA with proteins, are outlined.
Catalase-overexpressing transgenic mouse heart is resistant to ischemia-reperfusion injury (1997)

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is at least partially mediated by oxygen-derived free radicals. Catalase is a major enzyme involved in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. The activity of catalase in the heart is very low, which may be a factor responsible for the high sensitivity of the heart to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study was undertaken to determine whether elevation of catalase specifically in the heart of transgenic mice can provide protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hearts isolated from transgenic mice in which catalase in the heart was elevated approximately 60-fold higher than that in nontransgenic heart and from the non-transgenic littermates were subjected to 50 min of warm (37 degrees C) zero-flow ischemia followed by 90 min reflow. Compared with nontransgenic controls, transgenic hearts showed significantly improved recovery of contractile force (75 vs. 25% at the end of 90 min reperfusion, P < 0.01). Efflux of creatine kinase was reduced by approximately 50%, and the zone of myocardial infarction as demarcated by triphenyltetrazolium at the end of reperfusion was reduced by approximately 40% in transgenic hearts compared with nontransgenic controls. These findings support the view that hydrogen peroxide is an important cause of ischemia-reperfusion damage and suggest that protection may be provided by elevation of catalase activity.
Spontaneous flux and magnetic-interference patterns in 0-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:math>Josephson junctions (1997)

The spontaneous flux generation and magnetic field modulation of the critical current in a 0-$\ensuremath{\pi}$ Josephson junction are calculated for different ratios of the junction length $L$ to the Josephsen penetration depth ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{J},$ and different ratios of the $0$-junction length to the $\ensuremath{\pi}$-junction length. These calculations apply to a Pb-YBa${}_{2}$Cu${}_{3}$O${}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (YBCO) $c$-axis-oriented junction with one YBCO twin boundary, as well as other experimental systems. Measurements of such a junction can provide information on the nature of the $c$-axis Josephson coupling and the symmetry of the order parameter in YBCO. We find spontaneous flux even for very short symmetric 0-$\ensuremath{\pi}$ junctions, but asymmetric junctions have qualitatively different behavior.
Voltage Dependence of Cathode-Ray Efficiency of Phosphors: Phosphor Particles with Nonluminescent Coatings (1972)

The cathodoluminescence intensity as a function of the accelerating potential was measured for a number of powdered ZnS:Cu phosphors, each of which had a thin nonluminescent ZnS coating of known thickness deposited upon every grain. The luminescence efficiency is dominated by the power loss of the electron beam in the nonluminescent coating. The efficiency-voltage curves were analyzed in terms of the electron power loss function proposed by Makhov. Very good agreement with the experimental results was achieved after correcting for the nonplanar surface of the phosphor particles and the intrinsic surface deexcitation.
Power-Based Control of Low-Voltage Microgrids (2015)

This paper presents a simple and robust control technique for distributed energy resources (DERs) in microgrids. The technique utilizes the full potential of DERs during grid-connected and islanded operating modes. In grid-connected mode, the control pursues quasi-optimum operation of the microgrid so as to reduce the distribution losses and voltage deviations while fully exploiting renewable energy sources. In islanded mode, it effectively manages any available energy source, including storage devices, to ensure a safe and smooth autonomous operation of the microgrid. In addition, prompt adaptation to variations of the generated and absorbed power is ensured in each operating condition. The proposed control can be implemented by an Information and Communication Technology architecture, which is inherently flexible and scalable, allows plug-and-play integration of distributed energy sources, and does not involve time-critical communications.
Mechanical Evaluation of Polyvinyl Alcohol Cryogels for Covered Stents (2010)

Covered stents could reduce restenosis rates by preventing cellular migration with a physical barrier and may have reduced thrombotic complications if an appropriate material is selected. Previous Dacron™ or poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) covered stents have had mixed clinical results in part because they are too thick and too thrombogenic at small diameters. Ideally, the covering should be as thin as a stent strut, mechanically able to expand as much as a stent, and durable enough to withstand deployment. As an alternative to PTFE, thin polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel membranes were tested for their ability to stretch with uniaxial tension tests and for puncture strength with a modified ASTM method. Additionally, PVA cryogel covered stents were made by coating expanded bare metal stents. These covered stents were then hand-crimped onto a balloon catheter and expanded. PVA cryogel membranes were made as thin as 100 μm—thinner than some stent struts—and stretched to approximately 3.0 times their original diameter (similar to a stent during deployment). PVA cryogel membranes resisted puncture well with an average push-through displacement of 4.77 mm—allowing for safe deployment in vessels of up to 9 mm in diameter. Push-through displacement did not depend on membrane thickness in the range tested—a trait that could reduce stent profile without increased risk of puncture. All the PVA cryogel covered stents tolerated the crimping and expansion process well and there was little to no visible membrane damage. In conclusion, based on the results of these mechanical tests, PVA cryogels are mechanically suitable for covered stent membranes. This work represents a first step toward the creation of a new class of covered stent, which could prevent complications from both restenosis and thrombosis.
An Outline for a Course in the Principles of Consumer Economics (1935)

"An Outline for a Course in the Principles of Consumer Economics." The Journal of Business Education, 10(9), pp. 19–28
Analysis of Rhinoceros Horn and Its Substitutes by IR Spectrometry (2011)

Identification of the rhinoceros horn and its substitutes was studied by infrared spectral analysis.The results showed that rhinoceros horn had two absorption peaks of P—H stretching vibration of phospholipid at 2350cm-1,and buffalo horn also had two absorption peaks,and its intensity were a little higher than rhinoceros horn's,while other horns only have one or no absorption peak in this region.Compared to other horns,there were weak absorption peaks of C=O stretching vibration of hexosamine and phospholipid at 1733cm-1,and absorption peaks of S—O stretching vibration of taurine at 881cm-1 in the IR spectra of the rhinoceros horn.However,other horns have none of these absorption peaks.
Topographic brain mapping of EEG in neuropsychopharmacology--Part II. Clinical applications (pharmaco EEG imaging). (1987)

Multi-lead analysis of drug-induced changes in human brain function as monitored by the scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) and subsequent imaging of topographic pharmaco-EEG maps has become possible and practical with the advent of modern mini- and micro-computers. The present paper gives a survey about topographic analyses of pharmaco-EEG data obtained in systematic double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in normal healthy volunteers involving representative drugs of 5 different psychopharmacological classes, such as neuroleptics (chlorprothixene), antidepressants (imipramine), tranquilizers (diazepam), psychostimulants (caffeine), and antihypoxidotics/nootropics (pyritinol). The determination of cerebral bioavailability utilizing time- and dose-efficacy relations, as well as the evaluation of bioequipotency of different formulations of compounds is shown. Topographic pharmaco-EEG seems not only to confirm our previous knowledge that quantitative analysis of the human EEG in combination with certain statistical procedures ("quantitative pharmaco-EEG") is a valuable method to determine if, how, when and at which dosage a drug will be centrally effective, but also to have the potential to show effects of psychotropic drugs on the target organ--the human brain--which could not be previously picked up by single lead recordings. Topographic pharmaco-EEG imaging can be viewed as an enlargement of our armamentarium to better understand the mode of action of psychotropic drugs in human neuropsychopharmacology, as well as to monitor and (eventually) predict therapeutic efficacy in patients.
The Bioreductive Prodrug PR-104A Is Activated under Aerobic Conditions by Human Aldo-Keto Reductase 1C3 (2010)

PR-104, currently in phase II clinical trials, is a phosphate ester pre-prodrug which is converted in vivo to its cognate alcohol, PR-104A, a prodrug designed to exploit tumor hypoxia. Bioactivation occurs via one-electron reduction to DNA crosslinking metabolites in the absence of oxygen. However, certain tumor cell lines activate PR-104A in the presence of oxygen, suggesting the existence of an aerobic nitroreductase. Microarray analysis identified a cluster of five aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family members whose expressions correlated with aerobic metabolism of PR-104A. Plasmid-based expression of candidate genes identified aldo-keto reductase 1C3 as a novel nitroreductase. AKR1C3 protein was detected by Western blot in 7 of 23 cell lines and correlated with oxic PR-104A metabolism, an activity which could be partially suppressed by Nrf2 RNAi knockdown (or induced by Keap1 RNAi), indicating regulation by the ARE pathway. AKR1C3 was unable to sensitize cells to 10 other bioreductive prodrugs and was associated with single-agent PR-104 activity across a panel of 9 human tumor xenograft models. Overexpression in two AKR1C3-negative tumor xenograft models strongly enhanced PR-104 antitumor activity. A population level survey of AKR1C3 expression in 2,490 individual cases across 19 cancer types using tissue microarrays revealed marked upregulation of AKR1C3 in a subset including hepatocellular, bladder, renal, gastric, and non-small cell lung carcinoma. A survey of normal tissue AKR1C3 expression suggests the potential for tumor-selective PR-104A activation by this mechanism. These findings have significant implications for the clinical development of PR-104.
Room-Temperature Terahertz Detectors Based on Semiconductor Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors (2011)

The growth of semiconductor nanowires (NWs) has recently opened new paths to silicon integration of device families such as light-emitting diodes, high-efficiency photovoltaics, or high-responsivity photodetectors. It is also offering a wealth of new approaches for the development of a future generation of nanoelectronic devices. Here we demonstrate that semiconductor nanowires can also be used as building blocks for the realization of high-sensitivity terahertz detectors based on a 1D field-effect transistor configuration. In order to take advantage of the low effective mass and high mobilities achievable in III-V compounds, we have used InAs nanowires, grown by vapor-phase epitaxy, and properly doped with selenium to control the charge density and to optimize source-drain and contact resistance. The detection mechanism exploits the nonlinearity of the transfer characteristics: the terahertz radiation field is fed at the gate-source electrodes with wide band antennas, and the rectified signal is then read at the output in the form of a DC drain voltage. Significant responsivity values (>1 V/W) at 0.3 THz have been obtained with noise equivalent powers (NEP) < 2 × 10(-9) W/(Hz)(1/2) at room temperature. The large existing margins for technology improvements, the scalability to higher frequencies, and the possibility of realizing multipixel arrays, make these devices highly competitive as a future solution for terahertz detection.