gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue- and stage-specific control of homeotic and segmentation gene expression in <i>Drosophila</i> embryos by the <i>polyhomeotic</i> gene (1988)

The distributions of the products of the homeotic genes Sex combs reduced (Scr) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) and of the segmentation genes, fushi tarazu (ftz), even skipped (eve) and engrailed (en) have been monitored in polyhomeotic (ph) mutant embryos. None of the genes monitored show abnormal expression at the blastoderm stage in the absence of zygotic ph expression. Both Scr and Ubx are ectopically expressed in the epidermis of ph embryos, confirming the earlier proposal, based on genetic analysis, that ph+ acts as a negative regulator of Antennapedia (ANT-C) and bithorax (BX-C) complex genes. At the shortened germ band stage, en is also ectopically expressed, mainly in the anterior region of each segment. In contrast to these effects in the epidermis, the expression of en, Ubx, Scr and ftz is largely or completely suppressed in the central nervous system, whereas eve becomes ectopically expressed in most neurones.
In Vitro Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from Sweet Orange Using Thin Epicotyl Sections (2001)

A system for in vitro plant regeneration from thin transversal epicotyl sections of sweet orange (Citrus sinenis L. Osbeck cvs Pera, Valencia and Folha Murcha) was developed. Thin section explants (1-2 mm) from seedlings produced adventitious shoot buds on MS medium supplemented with BA (0.5-5 μM). Optimal shoot induction was achieved on 2-5 M BA.
Conservation of energy and absorption in acoustic fields for linear and nonlinear propagation (1998)

In the present paper, the energy effects accompanying a strong sound disturbance of a medium are analyzed. The waves may be, in time, periodic — continuous or pulsed — or have the form of single pulses. The description is based on equations which are commonly applied in nonlinear acoustics. The Fourier analysis, elements of the theory of linear operators, and analytical functions are applied. A general method is given for the construction of the absorption operator in the domain of space–time coordinates (x,t), to which the small-signal absorption coefficient corresponds. By analogy to linear equations and the corresponding dispersions equations, the quasi-dispersion equations in the case of nonlinear description are introduced. Simplification of the “classical” equation of nonlinear acoustics was performed. The relations between absorption operators in the space and time domains are shown. It is demonstrated that in nonlinear interactions, where terms of such type — nonlinear function of pressure — dominate, the power (energy) of the disturbance is conserved. Just as in the linear notation, the only reason why the total power (energy) changes is linear absorption, but that one which occurs under the conditions of nonlinear propagation. In consequence, the equations of power (and energy) balancing the disturbance have the same formal shape in nonlinear and linear descriptions. The equations provide a theoretical basis for different, easier, and more accurate methods than those used previously for determination (numerical and experimental) of, e.g., the power density of heat sources generated by sound. The function of the nonlinear gain of absorption and the function of effective absorption were also introduced. On the basis of quasi-dispersion equations the phenomenon of overtone generation (not harmonics) is shortly discussed.
Growth of aligned carbon nanotubes on self-similar macroscopic templates (2002)

We demonstrate a two-step chemical vapor deposition process to obtain carbon nanotube (CNT) networks using aligned nanotube films themselves as growth templates. Track patterns of exposed silica created in CNT films grown in the first step serve as macroscopic templates for growing CNT stripes in the second step. The nanotubes in both the template and the stripes are vertically aligned. The CNT templates can be selectively removed while retaining the network of CNT stripes grown among them in the predefined patterns. Two-step processes such as described here will be of interest for creating multilayered CNT architectures through pattern transfer and growth sequences.
Flüssigkristalline Coronenderivate mit außergewöhnlichen Fluoreszenzeigenschaften (1998)

Tempern von Polystyrolfilmen, die die neuartigen flüssigkristallinen Coronendiimide 2 enthalten, führt in wenigen Sekunden zu einer Verschiebung der Emission, was zur pixelweisen Einfärbung und mithin für optische Anzeigen genutzt werden könnte. Die Photolumineszenzeigenschaften von 2 in fester Matrix hängen von der Art der gebildeten Addukte ab. Hergestellt werden diese Coronenderivate auf einfache Weise aus Perylentetracarbonsäuredianhydrid 1.
Should children’s autonomy be respected by telling them of their imminent death? (2005)

Respect for an individual's autonomy determines that doctors should inform patients if their illness is terminal. This becomes complicated when the terminal diagnosis is recent and death is imminent. The authors examine the admission to paediatric intensive care of an adolescent with terminal respiratory failure. While fully ventilated, the patient was kept sedated and comfortable but when breathing spontaneously he was capable of non-verbal communication and understanding. Once resedated and reintubated, intense debate ensued over whether to wake the patient to tell him he was going to die. The authors discuss the ethical arguments that surrounded their decision.
<title>Local cosine transform: a method for the reduction of the blocking effect in JPEG</title> (1993)

This paper presents the Local Cosine Transform as a new method for the reduction and smoothing of the blocking effect that appears at low bit rates in image coding algorithms based on the Discrete Cosine Transform. In particular, the blocking effect appears in the JPEG baseline sequential algorithm.
Biology and disease associations of Epstein–Barr virus (2001)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus which infects almost all of the world's population subclinically during childhood and thereafter remains in the body for life. The virus colonizes antibody-producing (B) cells, which, as relatively long-lived resting cells, are an ideal site for long-term residence. Here EBV evades recognition and destruction by cytotoxic T cells. EBV is passed to naive hosts in saliva, but how the virus gains access to this route of transmission is not entirely clear. EBV carries a set of latent genes that, when expressed in resting B cells, induce cell proliferation and thereby increase the chances of successful virus colonization of the B-cell system during primary infection and the establishment of persistence. However, if this cell proliferation is not controlled, or if it is accompanied by additional genetic events within the infected cell, it can lead to malignancy. Thus EBV acts as a step in the evolution of an ever-increasing list of malignancies which are broadly of lymphoid or epithelial cell origin. In some of these, such as B-lymphoproliferative disease in the immunocompromised host, the role of the virus is central and well defined; in others, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, essential cofactors have been identified which act in concert with EBV in the evolution of the malignant clone. However, in several diseases in which the presence of EBV has more recently been discovered, the role of the virus is unclear. This review describes recent views on the EBV life cycle and its interlinks with normal B-cell biology, and discusses how this interrelationship may be upset and result in EBV-associated disease.
Tools for Statistical Inference: Observed Data and Data Augmentation Methods. (1992)

Observed data techniques - normal approximation observed data techniques the EM algorithm data augmentation the Gibbs sampler.
CMOS Power Amplifier Integrated Circuit With Dual-Mode Supply Modulator for Mobile Terminals (2016)

A CMOS power amplifier integrated circuit with an optimized dual-mode supply modulator is presented. The dual-mode supply modulator, based on a hybrid buck converter consisting of a wideband linear amplifier and a highly efficient switching amplifier, provides two operation modes: envelope tracking (ET) for high average output power and average power tracking (APT) for low output power. For the APT mode, the linear amplifier is switched off and the switching amplifier operates as a normal buck converter to supply DC voltage to the power amplifier according to the average output power. The optimum switch sizes of the switching amplifier were analyzed and applied for each operation mode for higher efficiency. An integrated circuit with a power amplifier and the dual-mode supply modulator was designed and fabricated using a 0.18-μm CMOS process for LTE applications at a frequency of 0.78 GHz. For the 16-QAM uplink LTE signal, the measured efficiency with an ET mode is as high as 45.4%, which is 7.0% higher than that from the stand-alone power amplifier at an average output power of 24 dBm. An efficiency of 14.1% was achieved with an APT mode at an average output power of 9 dBm. This is 3.2% higher than that with the ET mode.
Knowledge based speech analysis and enhancement (2005)

This paper describes a system for speech analysis and enhancement which combines signal processing and symbolic processing in a closely coupled manner. The system takes as input both a noisy speech signal and a symbolic description of the speech signal. The system attempts to reconstruct the original speech waveform using symbolic processing to help model the signal and to guide reconstruction. The system uses various signal processing algorithms for parameter estimation and reconstruction.
Identification of HCV Core Mimotopes: Improved Methods for the Selection and Use of Disease-Related Phage-Displayed Peptides (1997)

Article Identification of HCV Core Mimotopes: Improved Methods for the Selection and Use of Disease-Related Phage-Displayed Peptides was published on June 1, 1997 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 378, issue 6).
Design and Synthesis of Pyrido[2,1-<i>b</i>][1,3,5]thiadiazine Library via Uncatalyzed Mannich-Type Reaction (2014)

This Research Article describes the synthesis of an over 700-member library of (8R/8S)-3-R-8-aryl-6-oxo-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6H-pyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazin-9-carbonitriles by uncatalyzed Mannich-type reaction of N-methylmorpholinium (4R/4S)-4-aryl-3-cyano-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-2-thiolates with a set of primary amines and excessive HCHO. The scope and limitations of the reaction were studied. Starting thiolates were obtained in yields of 53-82% by multicomponent reaction of aromatic aldehydes, cyanothioacetamide, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (Meldrum's acid), and N-methylmorpholine, followed by heterocyclization of the resulting Michael adducts.
New Approach for Determining Tortuosity in Fibrous Porous Media (2010)

A method to determine tortuosity in a fibrous porous medium is proposed. A new approach for sample preparation and testing has been followed to establish a relationship between air permeability and fiberweb thickness which formed the basis for the determination of tortuosity in fibrous porous media. An empirical relationship between tortuosity and fiberweb structural properties including porosity, fiber diameter and fiberweb thickness has been proposed unlike the models in the literature which have expressed tortuosity as a function of porosity only. Transverse air flow through a fibrous porous media increasingly becomes less tortuous with increasing porosity, with the value of tortuosity approaching 1 at upper limits of porosity. Tortuosity also decreased with increase in fiber diameter whereas increase in fiberweb thickness resulted in the increase in tortuosity within the range of fiberweb thickness tested.
Typing of <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> Isolates Based on Nucleotide Sequence Variation in the Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions of rRNA Genes (2000)

The nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rRNA genes of 24 isolates of Histoplasma capsulatum were examined. The results indicate that the sequences of ITS regions in different isolates are not identical. Sequence variations were found at 20 positions in the 496 bp that were sequenced. Ten different sequence patterns, designated types A through H, were observed when the sequences from the 24 isolates were aligned. Twelve isolates from Indianapolis were classified into four different types. Two isolates from New York belonged to type G. Three isolates from different cities were type F. The remaining six isolates were of different types.
In Situ Growth of Mesoporous SnO<sub>2</sub> on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: A Novel Composite with Porous‐Tube Structure as Anode for Lithium Batteries (2007)

Abstract A novel mesoporous‐nanotube hybrid composite, namely mesoporous tin dioxide (SnO 2 ) overlaying on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), was prepared by a simple method that included in situ growth of mesoporous SnO 2 on the surface of MWCNTs through hydrothermal method utilizing Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as structure‐directing agents. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis techniques were used to characterize the samples. It was observed that a thin layer tetragonal SnO 2 with a disordered porous was embedded on the surface of MWCNTs, which resulted in the formation of a novel mesoporous‐nanotube hybrid composite. On the base of TEM analysis of products from controlled experiment, a possible mechanism was proposed to explain the formation of the mesoporous‐nanotube structure. The electrochemical properties of the samples as anode materials for lithium batteries were studied by cyclic voltammograms and Galvanostatic method. Results showed that the mesoporous‐tube hybrid composites displayed higher capacity and better cycle performance in comparison with the mesoporous tin dioxide. It was concluded that such a large improvement of electrochemical performance within the hybrid composites may in general be related to mesoporous‐tube structure that possess properties such as one‐dimensional hollow structure, high‐strength with flexibility, excellent electric conductivity and large surface area.
Normalization Propagation: A Parametric Technique for Removing Internal\n Covariate Shift in Deep Networks (2016)

While the authors of Batch Normalization (BN) identify and address an\nimportant problem involved in training deep networks-- Internal Covariate\nShift-- the current solution has certain drawbacks. Specifically, BN depends on\nbatch statistics for layerwise input normalization during training which makes\nthe estimates of mean and standard deviation of input (distribution) to hidden\nlayers inaccurate for validation due to shifting parameter values (especially\nduring initial training epochs). Also, BN cannot be used with batch-size 1\nduring training. We address these drawbacks by proposing a non-adaptive\nnormalization technique for removing internal covariate shift, that we call\nNormalization Propagation. Our approach does not depend on batch statistics,\nbut rather uses a data-independent parametric estimate of mean and\nstandard-deviation in every layer thus being computationally faster compared\nwith BN. We exploit the observation that the pre-activation before Rectified\nLinear Units follow Gaussian distribution in deep networks, and that once the\nfirst and second order statistics of any given dataset are normalized, we can\nforward propagate this normalization without the need for recalculating the\napproximate statistics for hidden layers.\n
Reduced dNTP Binding Affinity of 3TC-resistant M184I HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Variants Responsible for Viral Infection Failure in Macrophage (2008)

We characterized HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) variants either with or without the (-)-2',3'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine-resistant M184I mutation isolated from a single HIV-1 infected patient. First, unlike variants with wild-type M184, M184I RT variants displayed significantly reduced DNA polymerase activity at low dNTP concentrations, which is indicative of reduced dNTP binding affinity. Second, the M184I variant displayed a approximately 10- to 13-fold reduction in dNTP binding affinity, compared with the Met-184 variant. However, the k(pol) values of these two RTs were similar. Third, unlike HIV-1 vectors with wild-type RT, the HIV-1 vector harboring M184I RT failed to transduce cell types containing low dNTP concentrations, such as human macrophage, likely due to the reduced DNA polymerization activity of the M184I RT under low cellular dNTP concentration conditions. Finally, we compared the binary complex structures of wild-type and M184I RTs. The Ile mutation at position 184 with a longer and more rigid beta-branched side chain, which was previously known to alter the RT-template interaction, also appears to deform the shape of the dNTP binding pocket. This can restrict ground state dNTP binding and lead to inefficient DNA synthesis particularly at low dNTP concentrations, ultimately contributing to viral replication failure in macrophage and instability in vivo of the M184I mutation.
[Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Inhibits Elevated Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 Induced by Pooled Serum in Patients with Coroanry Artery Ectasia]. (2015)

The vascular smooth muscle cells may participate in the CAE process mainly by regulating MMPs system but not the elastase 2 or ECM synthesis system, and GDF15 may be an compensatory factor to prohibit the over-destruction of coronary ECM induced by MMPs.
An efficient method of passive emitter location (1992)

The problem of locating a stationary emitter from passive bearing and frequency measurements taken by a moving and autonomously operating sensor along its trajectory is considered. The estimation procedure based on bearings only is quite different from that based on frequency measurements. From the Cramer-Rao (CR) analysis of the single-measurement case, the characteristic features of each method become transparent and an intuitive understanding of both methods is provided. One of the major results is that the orientation of the error ellipses of the bearings method (BM) and frequency method (FM) differ significantly. From this a considerable integration gain in accuracy results, when processing the combined set of bearing and frequency measurements. The results of the theoretical CR analysis are verified in a numerical simulation based on the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation. The simulations demonstrate that a combined method is definitely superior to BM and FM with respect to the bias and the size of the error ellipses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamically weighted majority voting for incremental learning and comparison of three boosting based approaches (2006)

We have previously introduced Learn++, an ensemble based incremental learning algorithm for acquiring new knowledge from data that later become available, even when such data introduce new classes. In this paper, we describe a modification to this algorithm, where the voting weights of the classifiers are updated dynamically based on the location of the test input in the feature space. The new algorithm provides improved performance, stronger immunity to catastrophic forgetting and finer balance to the stability-plasticity dilemma than its predecessor, particularly when new classes are introduced. The modified algorithm and its performance, as compared to Adaboost.Ml and the original Learn++, on real and benchmark datasets are presented.
Controlled magnetic switching in single narrow rings probed by magnetoresistance measurements (2002)

We present anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements of magnetic switching processes in narrow ferromagnetic permalloy rings fabricated with six nonmagnetic electrical contacts. We demonstrate that measuring the resistance between different contacts allows the determination of the domain wall positions. Furthermore, these measurements also yield the possibility of determining the local switching fields of different parts of the ring. This provides a very useful tool to explore the complete switching process of a single ring. We show that, by using notches of suitable size and by applying fields along appropriate directions, it is possible to select the circulation direction of the vortex state using a uniform field only.
Asymmetric Synthesis of (<i>S,S,S</i>)-2-Aza-bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octane-3-carboxylic Acid Benzyl Ester: Formal Synthesis of Ramipril (2011)

Abstract An asymmetric synthesis of (S,S,S)-2-aza-bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octane-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester 2 as an intermediate of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, ramipril 1, is described.
A Broad-Band Homodyne Network Analyzer with Binary Phase Modulation (Short Paper) (1986)

An automatic homodyne network analyzer system using cascaded binary phase shifters is described which operates over the full X-band with a high dynamic range due to an auxiliary modulation and linear detection technique. A general analytic solution of the complex nonlinear system equations is given which allows the use of a coupled modulator/phase shifter structure. Measurement results are reported.
CAD based planning and execution of inspection (2003)

The authors have created an interface between computer vision processes and CAD (computer-aided design) databases as part of the development of an automated visual inspection system. A recognition planning system uses rules to select the important vision features from the given CAD database and generates feature-recognition procedures. An inspection planning system provides overall inspection procedures given the CAD database. This system provides such information as a list of features to be measured, techniques to use, and the range of values allowed. Thus, after the design cycle, parts can be thoroughly inspected with no technical decisions or programming required.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Formation Mechanism of Self-Assembled Polyaniline Micro/Nanotubes (2002)

Self-assembled micro/nanotubes (650−76 nm in diameter) of polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized in the presence of β-naphthalene sulfonic acid (β-NSA) as a dopant. It was found that the diameter and room-temperature conductivity of the PANI−NSA tubes decreased with the decrease of the molar ratio of β-NSA to aniline. On the bases of the results obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic lighting scattering (DLS), it was proposed that when the molar ratio of β-NSA to aniline was high (e. g. 2), the NSA−An salt precipitate formed by β-NSA and aniline played a "template-like" role in forming the PANI−NSA tubes, while the "template-like" role was played by the NSA−An micelle when the ratio is low (e.g., 1/2 or 1/4).