gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contamination-free graphene by chemical vapor deposition in quartz furnaces (2017)

Although the growth of graphene by chemical vapor deposition is a production technique that guarantees high crystallinity and superior electronic properties on large areas, it is still a challenge for manufacturers to efficiently scale up the production to the industrial scale. In this context, issues related to the purity and reproducibility of the graphene batches exist and need to be tackled. When graphene is grown in quartz furnaces, in particular, it is common to end up with samples contaminated by heterogeneous particles, which alter the growth mechanism and affect graphene's properties. In this paper, we fully unveil the source of such contaminations and explain how they create during the growth process. We further propose a modification of the widely used quartz furnace configuration to fully suppress the sample contamination and obtain identical and clean graphene batches on large areas.
Efficient exact geometric computation made easy (1999)

We show that the combination of the CGAL framework for geometric computation and the number type ledareal yields easy-to-write, correct and efficient geometric programs.
Structural and Biochemical Analysis of the Pentapeptide Repeat Protein <i>Efs</i> Qnr, a Potent DNA Gyrase Inhibitor (2010)

The chromosomally encoded Qnr homolog protein from Enterococcus faecalis (EfsQnr), when expressed, confers to its host a decreased susceptibility to quinolones and consists mainly of tandem repeats, which is consistent with belonging to the pentapeptide repeat family of proteins (PRPs). EfsQnr was cloned with an N-terminal 6× His tag and purified to homogeneity. EfsQnr partially protected DNA gyrase from fluoroquinolone inhibition at concentrations as low as 20 nM. EfsQnr inhibited the ATP-dependent supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 1.2 μM, while no significant inhibition of ATP-independent relaxation activity was observed. EfsQnr was cytotoxic when overexpressed in Escherichia coli, resulting in the clumping of cells and a loss of viability. The X-ray crystal structure of EfsQnr was determined to 1.6-Å resolution. EfsQnr exhibits the right-handed quadrilateral beta-helical fold typical of PRPs, with features more analogous to MfpA (mycobacterium fluoroquinolone resistance pentapeptide) than to the PRPs commonly found in cyanobacteria.
Synthesis of phosphorothioates using thiophosphate salts (2006)

Reactions of O,O'-dialkyl thiophosphoric acids with alkyl halides, in the presence of a base, provide a direct synthetic route to phosphorothioates via O,O'-dialkyl thiophosphate anion formation. Studies on the reaction of ambident nucleophile ammonium O,O'-diethyl thiophosphate with benzyl halides and tosylate in different solvents show that only S-alkylation is obtained. Reaction of this ambident nucleophile with benzoyl chloride (a hard electrophile), gave the O-acylation product. A simple, efficient, and general method has been developed for the synthesis of phosphorothioates through a one-pot reaction of alkyl halides with the mixture of diethyl phosphite in the presence of triethylamine/sulfur/and acidic alumina under solvent-free conditions using microwave irradiation.
Segregation of viral plasmids depends on tethering to chromosomes and is regulated by phosphorylation (1998)

Eukaryotic viruses can maintain latency in dividing cells as extrachromosomal nuclear plasmids. Segregation and nuclear retention of DNA is, therefore, a key issue in retaining copy number. The E2 enhancer protein of the papillomaviruses is required for viral DNA replication and transcription. Viral mutants that prevent phosphorylation of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV) E2 protein are transformation-defective, despite normal viral gene expression and replication function. Cell colonies harboring such mutants show sectoring of viral DNA and are unable to maintain the episome. We find that transforming viral DNA attaches to mitotic chromosomes, in contrast to the mutant genome encoding the E2 phosphorylation mutant. Second-site suppressor mutations were uncovered in both E1 and E2 genes that allow for transformation, maintenance, and chromosomal attachment. E2 protein was also found to colocalize to mitotic chromosomes, whereas the mutant did not, suggesting a direct role for E2 in viral attachment to chromosomes. Such viral hitch-hiking onto cellular chromosomes is likely to provide a general mechanism for maintaining nuclear plasmids.
Reduced-Order Models for Electromagnetic Scattering Problems (2014)

We consider model-order reduction of systems occurring in electromagnetic scattering problems, where the inputs are current distributions operating in the presence of a scatterer, and the outputs are their corresponding scattered fields. Using the singular-value decomposition (SVD), we formally derive minimal-order models for such systems. We then use a discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM) to render the minimal-order models more suitable to numerical computation. These models consist of a set of elementary sources and a set of observation points, both interior to the scatterer, and located automatically by the DEIM. A single matrix then maps the values of any incident field at the observation points to the amplitudes of the sources needed to approximate the corresponding scattered field. Similar to a Green's function, these models can be used to quickly analyze the interaction of the scatterer with other nearby scatterers or antennas.
Optimizing Service Placement for Microservice Architecture in Clouds (2019)

As microservice architecture is becoming more popular than ever, developers intend to transform traditional monolithic applications into service-based applications (composed by a number of services). To deploy a service-based application in clouds, besides the resource demands of each service, the traffic demands between collaborative services are crucial for the overall performance. Poor handling of the traffic demands can result in severe performance degradation, such as high response time and jitter. However, current cluster schedulers fail to place services at the best possible machine, since they only consider the resource constraints but ignore the traffic demands between services. To address this problem, we propose a new approach to optimize the placement of service-based applications in clouds. The approach first partitions the application into several parts while keeping overall traffic between different parts to a minimum and then carefully packs the different parts into machines with respect to their resource demands and traffic demands. We implement a prototype scheduler and evaluate it with extensive experiments on testbed clusters. The results show that our approach outperforms existing container cluster schedulers and representative heuristics, leading to much less overall inter-machine traffic.
Documentation of Acute Rise in Ventricular Capture Thresholds Associated with Flecainide Acetate (2002)

Treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with flecainide acetate resulted in a 4-fold increase in ventricular capture thresholds. The detailed time course of the threshold increase and decrease was documented using the AutoCapture algorithm and graphic summary.
Molecular Electronic Devices Offer Challenging Goal (1983)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTMolecular Electronic Devices Offer Challenging GoalChemists are excited about the possibilities inherent in molecular-scale devices that rely on organic polymers and charge-transfer complexesJEFFREY L. FOXView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1983, 61, 21, 27–29Publication Date (Print):May 23, 1983Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 23 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v061n021.p027https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v061n021.p027newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1983 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Molecular electronics Get e-Alerts
The landscape of genomic imprinting across diverse adult human tissues (2015)

Genomic imprinting is an important regulatory mechanism that silences one of the parental copies of a gene. To systematically characterize this phenomenon, we analyze tissue specificity of imprinting from allelic expression data in 1582 primary tissue samples from 178 individuals from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. We characterize imprinting in 42 genes, including both novel and previously identified genes. Tissue specificity of imprinting is widespread, and gender-specific effects are revealed in a small number of genes in muscle with stronger imprinting in males. IGF2 shows maternal expression in the brain instead of the canonical paternal expression elsewhere. Imprinting appears to have only a subtle impact on tissue-specific expression levels, with genes lacking a systematic expression difference between tissues with imprinted and biallelic expression. In summary, our systematic characterization of imprinting in adult tissues highlights variation in imprinting between genes, individuals, and tissues.
Ethnomedicinal practices of a village folk medicinal practitioner in Faridpur district, Bangladesh. (2014)

Folk medicine is a unique blend of medicine practiced in Bangladesh, which contains components and ideas of individual practitioners (known as Kavirajes), as well as formulations borrowed from other more systematized forms of traditional medicine like Ayurveda and Unani. Because every Kaviraj follows his or her unique formulations, surveys need to be carried out among as many practitioners as possible to get a comprehensive picture of this form of practice. Kavirajes mainly practice in the villages and small towns, although a good number can be observed in the cities also, whose clients mainly include the poorer residents as well as rural folk who have come to the cities. The objective of the present study was to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey of a folk medicinal practitioner in Dhopakandi village in Faridpur district, Bangladesh. Interviews were conducted of the Kaviraj with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and the guided field-walk method. The Kaviraj was observed to use a total of 33 medicinal plants distributed into 23 families in his formulations. The formulations were used for treatment of a diverse number of diseases like fever, helminthiasis, sexual disorders, poisoning, gastrointestinal disorders, excessive hair loss, heart disorders, mental disorders, kidney stones, jaundice, respiratory tract disorders, liver disorders, paralysis, skin disorders and pain. Available pharmacological reports on a number of the plant species used by the Kaviraj showed that the Kavirajes’ choice of plants can be scientifically validated to quite some extent. This suggests that the plants used by the folk medicinal practitioners for treatment of diseases should not be ignored by the scientific community; instead they can be used for more scientific studies leading to possible discovery of new and effective medicines.
A Method for Generating Arbitrary Optical Signal Constellations Using Direct Digital Drive (2011)

A digitally operated optical quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) modulator based on a single multielectrode Mach-Zehnder modulator is presented. Generation and performance of 64QAM are studied in detail. Simulation results show that a single modulator with 13 electrodes, each of which is driven by either one of the voltages 0 or 1.68 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">π</sub> , provides close-to-ideal 64QAM constellation despite the inherent nonlinearity of the modulator. Moreover, employing a sufficient number of electrodes, close to ideal error performance can be obtained for any constellation order, or shape. Simulations results are demonstrated for several different square constellations: 16QAM and 256QAM, and nonsquare constellations: 32QAM and 128QAM. A brief discussion on the utilization of the proposed scheme as a predistorter is also given.
Error Correction Codes for SEU and SEFI Tolerant Memory Systems (2009)

In this paper a modification of the Hsiao SEC-DED (Single Error Correction, Double Error Detection) code is presented. The proposed code is still a SEC-DED code, but it is also able to correct a byte erasure. This code has been developed to protect the memory chips of a spaceborne computer against SEU (Single Event Upset) and SEFI (Single Event Functional Interruption) faults. The code rate of our proposed code is the same of the Hsiao code and is particularly suitable for byte organized 64-bits memory systems. In fact, for these systems a (72,64) code can be constructed and a memory organization based on nine chips can be designed. The byte erasure correction allows to tolerate the occurrence of a SEFI fault in one of the memory chips without data loss.
The Leakage Current Conduction Mechanisms of Cu/Porous Silica Damascene Schemes with Nano-cluster TaSi<sub>x</sub> Barrier (2005)

Leakage current conduction mechanisms of Cu/porous silica damascene structures with TaSi x (20 nm) barrier were investigated. Polycrystalline TaSi 0.54 and nano-cluster TaSi 0.42 barriers were prepared by dc sputtering with various power and pressure. The newly developed silica based slurry was employed for the metal-CMP of TaSi x films. The incorporation of traditional NH 4 OH solution and megasonic were applied to perform post-CMP cleaning. Auger mapping revealed clearly straight Cu and Ta lines in these TaSi x samples. The line-to-line leakage current density ( J L ) was plotted versus the electric field ( E ) at various temperatures. The Ln( J L )–( E ) 1/2 plots showed that Ln( J L ) is linearly dependent on ( E ) 1/2 , corresponding to Schottky emission mechanism. The slope of straight lines were determined from the data points of the Ln( J L / T 2 )–(1000/ T ) plots. It revealed the magnitude of barrier height. The maximum height of the potential barrier of nano-cluster TaSi x /porous silica is about 0.12–0.30 eV. The bias-temperature-stress induced leakage current was measured for reliability study.
Gene expression profiles of proliferating vs. G1/G0 arrested human leukemia cells suggest a mechanism for glucocorticoid‐induced apoptosis (2001)

Glucocorticoids (GC) have pronounced effects on metabolism, differentiation, proliferation, and cell survival (1). In certain lymphocytes and lymphocyte-related malignancies, GC inhibit proliferation and induce apoptotic cell death, which has led to their extensive use in the therapy of malignant lymphoproliferative disorders (2). Most of these effects result from regulation of gene expression via the GC receptor (GR), a ligand-activated transcription factor (3). Although hundreds of genes are regulated by GC (1), how certain biological GC effects relate to individual gene regulation remains enigmatic. To address this question with respect to GC-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, we applied DNA chip technology (4, 5) to determine gene expression profiles in proliferating and G1/G0-arrested (by conditional expression of the CDK inhibitor p16/INK4a) acute lymphoblastic T cells undergoing GC-induced apoptosis. Of 7074 genes tested, 163 were found to be regulated by dexamethasone in the first 8 h in proliferating cells and 66 genes in G1/G0-arrested cells. An almost nonoverlapping set of genes (i.e., only eight genes) was coordinately regulated in proliferating and arrested cells. Analysis of the regulated genes supports the concept that GC-induced apoptosis results from positive GR autoregulation entailing persistent down-regulation of metabolic pathways critical for survival
FTS4‐01‐01: OVERVIEW OF NIA‐AA RESEARCH FRAMEWORK (2018)

In 2011 the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) created separate diagnostic recommendations for the preclinical, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In 2016 the NIA-AA commissioned an international work group to update and unify the 2011 guidelines. This update is labeled a “research framework”, because its intended use is for observational and interventional research, not routine clinical care. One of the major recommendations of workgroup was to define AD as a continuum rather than as 3 separate compartments and to harmonize the use of biomarkers across this continuum. Another major recommendation of the workgroup was to define AD by its underlying pathologic processes which can be documented by post-mortem examination or in vivo by biomarkers. The diagnosis (definition) is not based on the clinical consequences of the disease (i.e. symptoms/signs) in this research framework which shifts the definition of AD in living people from a syndromal to a biological construct. A biological rather than a syndromal definition of AD is a logical step toward greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying its clinical expression. Disease modifying interventions must engage biologically defined targets and the dementia syndrome does not denote specific biological targets. The research framework focuses on the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers in living persons. Biomarkers are grouped into those of β-amyloid deposition, pathologic tau, and neurodegeneration (AT(N)). The framework addresses both diagnosis (definition) and staging of AD; biomarker and cognitive staging are performed independently from each other. The severity (staging) of cognitive impairment is denoted using two different categorical cognitive staging schemes: a scheme employing 3 traditional syndromal categories, and a 6-stage numeric scheme. Many details of operationalizing the framework were only loosely outlined, with the expectation that details of operationalization are best left to empiric experimentation by experts in the field and to individual research groups that will tailor operationalization to specific scientific goals. This symposium will address both opportunities and challenges associated with operationalization of the research framework.
Effect of Long-Term Estrogen Deprivation on Apoptotic Responses of Breast Cancer Cells to 17 -Estradiol (2001)

Tumor regression induced by high-dose estrogen therapy in postmenopausal woman may result from estrogen activation of Fas-mediated apoptosis.
Alternative Paradigms for Ion Channelopathies: Disorders of Ion Channel Membrane Trafficking and Posttranslational Modification (2014)

Channelopathies are a diverse set of disorders associated with defects in ion channel (and transporter) function. Although the vast majority of channelopathies are linked with inherited mutations that alter ion channel biophysical properties, another group of similar disorders has emerged that alter ion channel synthesis, membrane trafficking, and/or posttranslational modifications. In fact, some electrical and episodic disorders have now been identified that are not defects in the ion channel but instead reflect dysfunction in an ion channel (or transporter) regulatory protein. This review focuses on alternative paradigms for physiological disorders associated with protein biosynthesis, folding, trafficking, and membrane retention. Furthermore, the review highlights the role of aberrant posttranslational modifications in acquired channelopathies.
From the flexible / rigid-flexible circuit board solution to the mechatronic 3D unit (2008)

Often the use of flexible and rigid-flexible circuit boards is owed to the necessity to transfer currents and voltages to the second, third or n'th level to ensure a save signal transfer. The use is often hindered by the significantly higher price (compared to conventional methods like cable connector). This is due to various but comprehensible causes. On the one hand, on the world market the price for the used materials has drastically risen during the last years. On the other hand, the production of this special shape of circuit board, although by now mostly state of the art of the technology, is very much more sensitive as far as process control is concerned and it requires the compliance to a number of design and production rules.
Ethylene–propylene copolymerization in the presence of catalysts prepared from vanadium triacetylacetonate (1961)

Abstract Ethylene–propylene copolymerization in the presence of catalysts prepared from vanadium halides was described in our previous papers. Linear, high molecular weight, completely amorphous copolymers, having an ethylene molar content up to 80%, can also be von 0°C weitaus höhere Copolymerausbeuten als bei Raumtemperatur. Die höhere Bruttopolymerisationsgeschwindigkeit bei tiefen Temperaturen ist spezifisch für dieses besonder katalytische System und tritt bei Katalysatoren, die aus Vanadinchloriden dargestellt wurden, nicht auf. Bei −20°C ist die Zusammensetzung der Copolymeren von der Polymerisationsdauer, dem Molverhältnis Al(C 2 H 5 ) 2 Cl/VAc 3 , der Katalysator‐konzentration oder der Gesamtkonzentration der Monomeren unabhängig. Das mittlere Molekulargewicht der Copolymeren nimmt mit steigendem Al(C 2 H 5 ) 2 Cl/VAc 3 Verhältnis und steigender Katalysatorkonzentration ab, was für das Auftreten eines Ubertragungsprozesses zwischen den wachsenden Ketten und den im System vorhandenen organometallischen Verbindungen spricht. Bei konstantem Verhältnis zwischen den Monomerkonzentrationen und zwischen den Katalysatorkomponenten ist die Bruttopolymerisationsgeschwindigkeit in bezug auf die Katalysator‐ und Monomerkonzentrationen von erster Ordnung. Die Reaktivitätsverhältnisse der Monomeren, r (C 2 H 4 ) = 15.0, r (C 3 H 6 ) = 0.04, sind zwischen −20°C und +25°C von der Temperatur unabhängig. Das Produkt der beiden Werte (0,6) weist darauf hin, dass eine Abwechslung der Monomereinheiten in den Ketten wahrscheinlicher ist als eine statistische Verteilung, bei der das Produkt dieser Verhältnisse gleich 1 ist.
Facilitating message exchange though middle agents (2002)

To utilize services provided by other agents, a requesting agent needs to locate and communicate with these service providers. Specifically, in order to interoperate with the providers, the requesting agent should know: 1) the service provider's interface; 2) the ontology that defines concepts used by the provider; and 3) the agent communication language (ACL) the agent uses so that it can parse and understand the communication. Currently deployed Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) encode the interface description and the ontology within a service provider's capability description (or \it advertisement) that is registered with a Middle Agent; however, this assumes a common ACL between communicating agents. We demonstrate how agents can communicate with each other using a template-based shallow parsing approach to constructing and decomposing messages, thus relaxing assumptions on the ACLs and message formats used.