gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Motion Correction in Multishot MRI using Generative Adversarial Network (2020)

Multishot Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a promising data acquisition technique that can produce a high-resolution image with relatively less data acquisition time than the standard spin echo. The downside of multishot MRI is that it is very sensitive to subject motion and even small levels of motion during the scan can produce artifacts in the final magnetic resonance (MR) image, which may result in a misdiagnosis. Numerous efforts have focused on addressing this issue; however, all of these proposals are limited in terms of how much motion they can correct and require excessive computational time. In this paper, we propose a novel generative adversarial network (GAN)-based conjugate gradient SENSE (CG-SENSE) reconstruction framework for motion correction in multishot MRI. First CG-SENSE reconstruction is employed to reconstruct an image from the motion-corrupted k-space data and then the GAN-based proposed framework is applied to correct the motion artifacts. The proposed method has been rigorously evaluated on synthetically corrupted data on varying degrees of motion, numbers of shots, and encoding trajectories. Our analyses (both quantitative as well as qualitative/visual analysis) establish that the proposed method is robust and reduces several-fold the computational time reported by the current state-of-the-art technique.
Human Gut Microbiome and Risk for Colorectal Cancer (2013)

We tested the hypothesis that an altered community of gut microbes is associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in a study of 47 CRC case subjects and 94 control subjects. 16S rRNA genes in fecal bacterial DNA were amplified by universal primers, sequenced by 454 FLX technology, and aligned for taxonomic classification to microbial genomes using the QIIME pipeline. Taxonomic differences were confirmed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and adjusted for false discovery rate. All statistical tests were two-sided. From 794217 16S rRNA gene sequences, we found that CRC case subjects had decreased overall microbial community diversity (P = .02). In taxonomy-based analyses, lower relative abundance of Clostridia (68.6% vs 77.8%) and increased carriage of Fusobacterium (multivariable odds ratio [OR] = 4.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.62 to 10.47) and Porphyromonas (OR = 5.17; 95% CI = 1.75 to 15.25) were found in case subjects compared with control subjects. Because of the potentially modifiable nature of the gut bacteria, our findings may have implications for CRC prevention.
A Comparative Study of Cu<sub>2</sub>S–Zn<sub>x</sub>Cd<sub>1-x</sub>S and Cu<sub>2</sub>S–CdS Thin Film Solar Cells Prepared by Solid State Reaction (1980)

We report here all polycrystalline thin film solar cells of Cu 2 S–Zn x Cd 1- x S and Cu 2 S–CdS prepared by solid state reaction. The efficiencies in the range of 4 to 5% have been obtained without antireflection coating. The improvement in open circuit voltage is observed in Cu 2 S–Zn x Cd 1- x S cell with little sacrifice in short circuit current. A comparison is also made with the solar cell Zn x Cd 1- x S–Cu 2 S prepared by spray pyrolysis and the electrical conversion efficiency about 1.0% is obtained.
Classification spanning correlated data streams (2006)

In many applications, classifiers need to be built based on multiple related data streams. For example, stock streams and news streams are related, where the classification patterns may involve features from both streams. Thus instead of mining on a single isolated stream, we need to examine multiple related data streams in order to find such patterns and build an accurate classifier. Other examples of related streams include traffic reports and car accidents, sensor readings of different types or at different locations, etc. In this paper, we consider the classification problem defined over sliding-window join of several input data streams. As the data streams arrive in fast pace and the many-to-many join relationship blows up the data arrival rate even more, it is impractical to compute the join and then build the classifier each time the window slides forward. We present an efficient algorithm to build a Naïve Bayesian classifier in such context. Our method does not need to perform the join operations but is still able to build exactly the same classifier as if built on the joined result. It only examines each input tuple twice, independent of the number of tuples it joins in other streams, therefore, is able to keep pace with the fast arriving data streams in the presence of many-to-many join relationships. The experiments confirmed that our classification algorithm is more efficient than conventional methods while maintaining good classification accuracy.
Molecular basis of basal cell carcinoma: Analysis of differential gene expression by differential display PCR and expression array (2003)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common tumor in the Caucasian population. Although BCC rarely metastasize and cause death, they are problematic due to their destructive growth and the frequent localization on the face. Until now the knowledge of genes differentially expressed in BCC has been incomplete. To elucidate the complex alterations in BCC-associated gene expression, we took advantage of 2 techniques: the differential display RT-PCR (DD-PCR) and the differential hybridization of cDNA arrays. Using DD-PCR, we showed differential expression of genes known from other biological contexts (e.g., rac, ubiquitin hydrolase), which could now be associated with BCC. In addition, we detected unknown genes possibly contributing to the carcinogenesis of BCC. Of the 588 genes screened by differential hybridization of the Atlas human cDNA array, differences in the expression levels of BCC were observed for 10 genes. These data were obtained with RNA probes pooled from several BCC of different donors and were subsequently confirmed by semiquantitative RT-PCR for Janus protein tyrosine kinase 3 (Jak3), microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (GST 12), teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor cripto, glutaredoxin and the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in 10 individual BCC specimens, 2 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the cell line HaCaT and cultured normal human keratinocytes (NHK) in comparison to normal skin. These genes are candidates from gene families with known association to tumors, but they have not been reported in the carcinogenesis of BCC yet. In summary, both approaches allow the detection of differentially expressed genes possibly involved in the carcinogenesis of BCC.
Complete folding of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor with only a single disulfide bond. (1992)

In the oxidative folding of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) at neutral pH, only two one-disulfide intermediates accumulate to a significant extent, namely [5-55] and [30-51]. In this paper we describe a recombinant model of [5-55], designated [5-55]Ala, which was made by replacing the cysteine residues not involved in the disulfide bond with alanine. As judged by two-dimensional NMR, [5-55]Ala folds into essentially the same conformation as native BPTI. Moreover, like native BPTI, [5-55]Ala inhibits trypsin stoichiometrically. Thus, the disulfide-bonded intermediate [5-55] corresponds not to a partially folded protein folding intermediate but rather to an essentially completely folded protein. This conclusion provides an explanation for many of the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of [5-55] in the folding pathway of BPTI.
Synergistic effect of deoxyspergualin (DSP) and cyclosporin A (CsA) in the prevention of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in BB rats (1996)

Dose-dependent side effects are frequently observed with immunosuppressive drugs of potential relevance for the immunotherapy of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), such as CsA and DSP. If CsA and DSP acted synergistically in vivo, their combined use would allow using each compound at lower doses than those required when each drug is given in monotherapy. Consequently, dose-dependent side effects could be reduced and the therapeutic activity maintained or even enforced. Toward this end we studied the effects of combined treatment with CsA and DSP on the course of IDDM in the diabetes-prone (DP)-BB rat. The results show that two 'low' doses of CsA (2 mg/kg) and DSP (1 mg/kg) that are clinically ineffective in suppressing IDDM development in BB rats when administered alone under a prolonged prophylactic regimen (30-105 days old), may successfully prevent, but not cure, the disease when given contemporaneously under the same experimental conditions. The combined treatment was well tolerated, and no side effects were noticed. These data suggest that the combined use of CsA and DSP may deserve consideration for its possible application in the prevention/treatment of human IDDM and other autoimmune diseases.
Direct Pattern Fabrication of Substituted Phthalocyanine Films (1985)

A new technique for high resolution lithography of phthalocyanine molecules is described. The phthalocyanine substituted with long chain alkyl amide groups was found to show good solubility in chloroform and the phthalocyanine films show good sensitivity to electron beams (D n 0.5 =6.8 µC/cm 2 ), with a contrast value of γ=1.6, and with semiconductivities (<10 -6 S/cm).
Distribution Theory for Glass's Estimator of Effect size and Related Estimators (1981)

Glass's estimator of effect size, the sample mean difference divided by the sample standard deviation, is studied in the context of an explicit statistical model. The exact distribution of Glass's estimator is obtained and the estimator is shown to have a small sample bias. The minimum variance unbiased estimator is obtained and shown to have uniformly smaller variance than Glass's (biased) estimator. Measurement error is shown to attenuate estimates of effect size and a correction is given. The effects of measurement invalidity are discussed. Expressions for weights that yield the most precise weighted estimate of effect size are also derived.
Using Transactional Memory to Synchronize an Adaptive Garbage Collector in Real-Time Java (2011)

Currently multicore systems start to be used even in low-end devices such as embedded systems controllers requiring real-time guarantees. Hardware Transactional Memory (TM) is a new synchronization paradigm for this architecture, allowing problems of lock-based methods and making easer programming. We propose to use TM to synchronize the concurrent/parallel execution of the Garbage Collector (GC) and Java applications, within the context of an embedded real-time environment. GC gives robust programming, and performance advantages. Since in the context of real-time systems, a collector must guarantee a worst-case in it performance, the worst-case time for a committed transaction must be limited; we achieve this by limiting its size (i.e., the size of the explored object).
Comparison of multiple scattering theories with experimental measurements in emulsions (1992)

The ultrasonic velocity and attenuation coefficient of a series of n-hexadecane-in-water emulsions have been measured as a function of disperse phase volume fraction (φ=0 to 0.56), particle size (r32=0.1 to 1.8 μm), and frequency ( f=0.2 to 7 MHz). These measurements are compared with predictions of the velocity and attenuation made using the multiple scattering theories of Waterman and Truell [J. Math. Phys. 2, 512–537 (1962)], Lloyd and Berry [Proc. Phys. Soc. London 91, 678–688 (1967)], and Ma et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87, 2779–2782 (1990)] in the long wavelength limit. All the theories give good agreement with the experimental measurements for dilute emulsions (φ&lt;0.13). In the more concentrated emulsions the theories agree less well, especially at low frequencies and particle sizes. Possible reasons for the discrepancies between the theories and experimental results are discussed.
Structure of natural antibiotic CP-47,444 (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of natural antibiotic CP-47,444W. D. Celmer, G. N. Chmurny, C E. Moppett, R. S. Ware, P. C. Watts, and E. B. WhippleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 12, 4203–4209Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00532a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00532a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views459Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Maximum Angle of Ocular Duction During Visual Fixation as a Function of Age (2005)

Baseline data are useful to differentiate normal changes occurring with age from early signs of disease. AdditIonally, disease progression and effects of treatment can be monitored.
Organic Dairy Production Systems in Pennsylvania: A Case Study Evaluation (2007)

The current market demand and price for organic milk is encouraging dairy producers, particularly those on smaller farms, to consider organic production as a means for improving the economic viability of their operations. Organic production systems vary widely in scale, in practices, and across agroclimatic settings. Within this context, case studies of 4 actual organic dairy farms were used to characterize existing systems in Pennsylvania. Based on data from these farms, a whole-farm simulation model (Integrated Farm System Model) was used to compare 4 production systems representing organic grass, organic crop, conventional crop with grazing, and conventional confinement production. The performance of each of these systems was simulated over each year of 25 yr of central Pennsylvania weather data. Simulation results indicated that farm level accumulation of soil P and K may be a concern on organic farms that use poultry manure as a primary crop nutrient source, and that erosion and runoff loss of P may be of concern on organic farms producing annual crops because more tillage is required for weed control. Whole-farm budgets with prices that reflect recent conditions showed an economic advantage for organic over conventional production. A sensitivity analysis showed that this economic advantage depended on a higher milk price for producers of organic milk and was influenced by the difference in milk production maintained by herds using organic and conventional systems. Factors found to have little effect on the relative profitability of organic over conventional production included the differences between organic and conventional prices for seed, chemicals, forage, and animals and the overall costs or prices assumed for organic certification, machinery, pasture fencing, fuel, and labor. Thus, at the current organic milk price, relative to other prices, the case study organic production systems seem to provide an option for improving the economic viability of dairy operations of the scale considered in Pennsylvania. To motivate transition to organic systems, the economic advantage found requires the persistence of a substantial difference between conventional and organic raw milk prices.
A New Way to Represent Jet Pump Performance (1991)

Researchers commonly represent jet pump performance with a Head-Ratio, Flow-Ratio curve (HR/FR curve). Our goals are to show that the HR/FR curve has several problems and to propose a new way to represent jet pump performance. Analysis shows that a HR/FR curve does not give enough information to predict the operating point of a system which includes a jet pump. Moreover, the way a HR/FR curve specifies data can force a designer to estimate head losses inside a jet pump and can make data acquisition very difficult. We propose using two curves to represent jet pump performance. Use of the two curves eliminates the problems of the HR/FR curve.
A Temporal Description Logic for Reasoning about Actions and Plans (1998)

A class of interval-based temporal languages for uniformly representing and reasoning about actions and plans is presented. Actions are represented by describing what is true while the action itself is occurring, and plans are constructed by temporally relating actions and world states. The temporal languages are members of the family of Description Logics, which are characterized by high expressivity combined with good computational properties. The subsumption problem for a class of temporal Description Logics is investigated and sound and complete decision procedures are given. The basic language TL-F is considered first: it is the composition of a temporal logic TL -- able to express interval temporal networks -- together with the non-temporal logic F -- a Feature Description Logic. It is proven that subsumption in this language is an NP-complete problem. Then it is shown how to reason with the more expressive languages TLU-FU and TL-ALCF. The former adds disjunction both at the temporal and non-temporal sides of the language, the latter extends the non-temporal side with set-valued features (i.e., roles) and a propositionally complete language.
Hedgehog labeling: View management techniques for external labels in 3D space (2014)

Annotations of objects in 3D environments are commonly controlled using view management techniques. State-of-the-art view management strategies for external labels operate in 2D image space. This creates problems, because the 2D view of a 3D scene changes over time, and temporal behavior of elements in a 3D scene is not obvious in 2D image space. We propose managing the placement of external labels in 3D object space instead. We use 3D geometric constraints to achieve label placement that fulfills the desired objectives (e.g., avoiding overlapping labels), but also behaves consistently over time as the viewpoint changes. We propose two geometric constraints: a 3D pole constraint, where labels move along a 3D pole sticking out from the annotated object, and a plane constraint, where labels move in a dominant plane in the world. This formulation is compatible with standard optimization approaches for labeling, but overcomes the lack of temporal coherence.
<title>Evaluating public awareness of new currency design features</title> (2002)

One of the goals of the 1996 series design was to integrate highly recognizable features that enable the general public to more easily distinguish counterfeit from genuine notes, thereby reducing the chance of counterfeit notes being passed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how knowledgeable the public is concerning the new currency, to identify the channels through which the public learns about new currency design, and to assess the usefulness of the new currency's authentication features. Also, the study will serve as a baseline measurement for future design studies and in comparative analysis with other countries. The results of the qualitative research will be described in the following sections of this paper. The quantitative research is scheduled to begin in February 2002, at the same time as the Netherlands' opinion poll of the Euro and NLG-notes in an effort to compare results.
Towards immersive interactive video through 360° hypervideo (2011)

Immersion in video has a strong impact on the viewers' emotions, their sense of presence and engagement, and thus on the entertainment quality of the experience. 360° videos have the potential to generate highly immersive video environments, by allowing the user the experience of being surrounded by the video. Hypervideo stretches boundaries even further, allowing to interact with the video, to explore it, and to navigate in a space of related information. In this paper, we identify potential benefits and challenges and describe approaches and directions to the design and development of immersive, interactive videos based on 360° hypervideo.
An Optical-Digital Computer for Parallel Processing of Images (1975)

An optical-digital computer (ODC) that enables parallel processing of images is discussed. A number of optical and analog electronic preprocessing operations are described. These include the use of the texture variance to separate objects in an image on the basis of texture, application of autocorrelation techniques to find hidden periodicities in images, masking on the basis of color, Fourier analysis, and planimetric analysis of color scenes. A particular design of an ODC is discussed. The computer consists of an optical system, an image analyzer, a bandwidth compressor and digitizer, and a digital computer. A number of applications are furnished. Emphasis is given to processing aerial and radiographic imagery.
MAdCAM costimulation through Integrin-α4β7 promotes HIV replication (2018)

Human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) play a key role in the acute phase of HIV infection. The propensity of HIV to replicate in these tissues, however, is not fully understood. Access and migration of naive and memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells to these sites is mediated by interactions between integrin α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub>, expressed on CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, and MAdCAM, expressed on high endothelial venules. We report here that MAdCAM delivers a potent costimulatory signal to naive and memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells following ligation with α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub>. Such costimulation promotes high levels of HIV replication. An anti-α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub> mAb that prevents mucosal transmission of SIV blocks MAdCAM signaling through α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub> and MAdCAM-dependent viral replication. MAdCAM costimulation of memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells is sufficient to drive cellular proliferation and the upregulation of CCR5, while naive CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells require both MAdCAM and retinoic acid to achieve the same response. The pairing of MAdCAM and retinoic acid is unique to the GALT, leading us to propose that HIV replication in these sites is facilitated by MAdCAM-α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub> interactions. Moreover, complete inhibition of MAdCAM signaling by an anti-α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub> mAb, an analog of the clinically approved therapeutic vedolizumab, highlights the potential of such agents to control acute HIV infection.