gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lamellar grating optimization for miniaturized fourier transform spectrometers (2009)

Microfabricated Lamellar grating interferometers (LGI) require fewer components compared to Michelson interferotemeters and offer compact and broadband Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) with good spectral resolution, high speed and high efficiency. This study presents the fundamental equations that govern the performance and limitations of LGI based FTS systems. Simulations and experiments were conducted to demonstrate and explain the periodic nature of the interferogram envelope due to Talbot image formation. Simulations reveal that the grating period should be chosen large enough to avoid Talbot phase reversal at the expense of mixing of the diffraction orders at the detector. Optimal LGI grating period selection depends on a number of system parameters and requires compromises in spectral resolution and signal-to-bias ratio (SBR) of the interferogram within the spectral range of interest. New analytical equations are derived for spectral resolution and SBR of LGI based FTS systems.
Recent development of IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. (2007)

Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) represents an attractive target for the development of anticancer agents; however, there are no drugs aimed at this target for the treatment of cancer currently available on the market. Tiazofurin, a potent IMPDH inhibitor, reached clinical trials with Orphan Drug status for the treatment of patients in blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML); however, it was considered too toxic for application against other malignancies and no development has been reported for this drug since 2002. Formulations of mycophenolic acid, another potent inhibitor of IMPDH, are currently used for the prevention of rejection following transplantation, and against autoimmune diseases. More recently, numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of mycophenolic acid as an anticancer agent, with a phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced multiple myeloma ongoing. Furthermore, synergy between imantinib and mycophenolic acid in CML treatments has also been reported. Related compounds such as mycophenolic adenine dinucleotides, along with second-generation analogs, are undergoing preclinical evaluation, while another inhibitor of IMPDH, AVN-944, is currently in phase I clinical trials to investigate the treatment of hematological malignancies. This article reviews recent applications of IMPDH inhibitors as anticancer agents, and highlights the progress that has been made in this field.
Discovery of the First Metallaquinone (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDiscovery of the First MetallaquinoneNissan Ashkenazi, Arkadi Vigalok, Srinivasan Parthiban, Yehoshoa Ben-David, Linda J. W. Shimon, Jan M. L. Martin, and David MilsteinView Author Information Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Services The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 36, 8797–8798Publication Date (Web):August 22, 2000Publication History Received22 May 2000Published online22 August 2000Published inissue 1 September 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja001759dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja001759drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1971Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aromatic compounds,Chemical structure,Quinones,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Immunolocalization of mitsugumin29 in developing skeletal muscle and effects of the protein expressed in amphibian embryonic cells (1999)

The temporal appearance and subcellular distribution of mitsugumin29 (MG29), a 29-kDa transmembrane protein isolated from the triad junction in skeletal muscle, were examined by immunohistochemistry during the development of rabbit skeletal muscle. MG29 appeared in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in muscle cells at fetal day 15 before the onset of transverse tubule (T tubule) formation. In muscle cells at fetal day 27, in which T tubule and triad formation is ongoing, both SR and triad were labeled for MG29. In muscle cells at newborn 1 day, the labeling of the SR had become weak and the triads were well developed and clearly labeled for MG29. Specific and clear labeling for MG29 was restricted to the triads in adult skeletal muscle cells. When MG29 was expressed in amphibian embryonic cells by injection of the cRNA, a large quantity of tubular smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (sER) was formed in the cytoplasm. The tubular sER was 20-40 nm in diameter and appeared straight or reticular in shape. The tubular sER was formed by the fusion of coated vesicles [budded off from the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (rER)] and vacuoles of rER origin. The present results suggest that MG29 may play important roles both in the formation of the SR and the construction of the triads during the early development of skeletal muscle cells.
LINKING SCORES FOR COMPUTER‐ADAPTIVE AND PAPER‐AND‐PENCIL ADMINISTRATIONS OF THE SAT (1997)

ABSTRACT In October 1996, a computer‐adaptive version of the SAT was administered in an operational setting for the first time. This version of the test, the Computerized SAT, was administered to students who are seeking placement into various talent search programs. Because many students seeking placement into talent search programs will take the paper‐and‐pencil (P&P) SAT I, and scores between the traditional P&P test and the Computerized SAT (CAT) will be treated as interchangeable, it was necessary to conduct a field trial to insure that reported scores for the two modes of testing were on the same scale. In addition, because students seeking placement into talent search programs are typically in the 7th‐ or 8th‐grade and not part of the SAT I target population (i.e., high school juniors and seniors), it was necessary that the field trial use samples taken from the target population. The data collected in the field trial were used investigate the relationship between CAT and P&P scores in the target population for the SAT I. An anchor test design was used to scale the scores from the CAT to scores on the P&P measure. In addition to providing scaling data for the CAT, this study provided an opportunity to gather information about examinees' perceptions of the test‐taking experience in comparison to their experience with the paper‐based version of the SAT I.
Microscopic Object Classification through Passive Motion Observations with Holographic Microscopy (2020)

Digital holographic microscopy provides the ability to observe throughout a volume that is large compared to its resolution element without the need to refocus through the volume. This capability enables simultaneous observations of large numbers of small objects within such a volume. We have constructed a microscope that can observe a volume 0.4 × 0.4 × 1.0 μm with submicrometer resolution for observation of microorganisms and minerals in liquid environments in earth and on potential planetary missions. Because environmental samples are likely to contain mixtures of inorganics and microorganisms that are of comparable sizes near the resolution limit of the instrument, discrimination of living and non-living objects may be difficult. The motion of motile organisms can be used to readily distinguish them from non-motile objects (live or inorganic), but additional methods are required to distinguish non-motile organisms and inorganic objects that are of comparable size but different composition and structure. In this paper we evaluate the use of passive motion to make this discrimination by evaluating diffusion and buoyancy characteristics of objects in the field of view.
Drag and wake modification of axisymmetric bluff bodies using Coanda blowing (1994)

This work investigates the ability of Coanda jet blowing to modify the base pressure of a cylindrical body aligned axially in a flow, and thereby, produce overall drag reduction. It is found that blowing through one or two slot jets concentric to the outer body circumference can significantly influence the entire base flow region. The recirculating wake is eliminated and is replaced by freestream fluid entrained by the Coanda blowing. Base pressure rises significantly and leads to drag reduction of up to 30% beyond the thrusting action of the Coanda jet. A comparison between the power savings through drag reduction and the power requirement of the Coanda jet demonstrates that net benefits are attainable at certain body geometries and flow conditions. By judiciously selecting the jet blowing velocity, it is possible to produce a nearly flat wake velocity profile requiring little net power. RAG reduction of immersed bodies is a subject with a long history, leading to the early concept of streamlining. The net drag force on a body may be considered the sum of viscous drag and pressure drag forces. For streamlined aero- dynamic and hydrodynamic bodies, the pressure drag is small, and current research is directed towards the application of laminar flow control (e.g., suction), turbulent viscous drag reduction (e.g., riblets and large eddy breakup devices (LEBUs)), and the use of nonlinear aerodynamics for induced drag reduction (e.g., winglets or crescent wing planforms). For bluff bodies, on the other hand, streamlining is usually not an option for reducing drag because the bluff shape is often dictated by other constraints. This situation is particu- larly true for trucks, buses, and most automobiles. For bluff bodies then, where pressure drag dominates, drag reduction is primarily through base flow modification, including flow separation control using airfoils, the use of plates, cavities, base bleed, and suction/blowing. Bluff bodies may be considered of two general classifica- tions—high and low aspect ratio. The former may be modeled as bodies of large span relative to a characteristic height, and are generally two-dimensional in nature. Examples would be the classic cylinder in crossflow, or a symmetric airfoil with a thick, blunt trailing edge. Drag reduction for such bodies has been performed13 with drag reductions of up to 64% reported in the literature. Low aspect ratio bodies have also been studied. Such bodies are characterized by three-dimensionality or axisymmetry, with a sphere being the classic example. Other examples would be cylinders of rectangular or circular cross section aligned axially in the flow direction. Work on drag reduction of such bodies has been reported in Refs. 4-12. A variation of these studies would include inclined base regions such as fast-back auto- mobiles and cargo transport aircraft. During the energy crisis of the seventies, renewed interest in vehicle drag led to many important new findings which are summarized in the books
Reflection properties and defect formation in photonic crystals (1996)

We have investigated the surface reflection properties of a layer-by-layer photonic crystal. By using a Fabry–Perot resonant cavity analogy along with the reflection-phase information of the photonic crystal, we predicted defect frequencies of planar defect structures. Our predictions were in good agreement with the measured defect frequencies. Our simple model can also predict and explain double defect formation within the photonic band gap.
Degradation of Guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate in vitro by the spoT Gene Product of Escherichia coli (1978)

Guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate (ppGpp) is rapidly degraded to guanosine 5'-diphosphate (ppG) and probably pyrophosphate by an enzyme present in the ribosomal fraction prepared from spoT+ strains of Escherichia coli. The ppGpp-degrading enzyme was released from the ribosomes during dissociation at low ionic strength. Ribosomes are not essential for degradation of ppGpp, and decay of ppGpp is strictly dependent on manganese ions. The reaction is sensitive to inhibition by tetracycline, which can be reversed by MnCl2, indicating that the inhibitory effect is due to the previously described chelating properties of the antibiotic. When the ppGpp-degrading enzyme was complemented with adenosine 5'-triphosphate (pppA) and a nucleoside diphosphate kinase, decay of ppGpp was accelerated yielding pppG and ppG as major products. In the absence of pppA we have been unable to detect the ppGpp-degrading enzyme in various spoT- mutant strains indicating that this enzyme is the spoT gene product.
Clinical heterotransplantation of the liver. (1970)

A 7-month-old child with extrahepatic biliary atresia was treated by orthotopic transplantation of a chimpanzee liver after preliminary revascularization in the recipient of both kidneys from the same animal donor for the purpose of depleting preformed heterospecific antibodies. Unfortunately, there was evidence that the child was presensitized to white cell antigens by preoperative blood transfusions with the consequent development of lymphocytotoxic antibodies that reacted with donor tissues. When the chimpanzee kidneys were revascularized in the recipient, they appeared to be hyperacutely rejected. The liver did not suffer the same fate but the child failed to awaken from anesthesia and died one day later. It was not possible to determine if the death was caused by metabolic complications that are common with this procedure even when homografts are used, if the employment of a chimpanzee liver had any specific role in the tragic outcome, or if a presensitized state was an important adverse factor.
Characterization of the Neuronal Targeting Protein Spinophilin and Its Interactions with Protein Phosphatase-1 (1999)

Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) plays an important role in a variety of cellular processes, including muscle contraction, cell-cycle progression, and neurotransmission. The localization and substrate specificity of PP1 are determined by a class of proteins known as targeting subunits. In the present study, the interaction between PP1 and spinophilin, a neuronal protein that targets PP1 to dendritic spines, has been characterized. Deletion analysis revealed that a high-affinity binding domain is located within residues 417-494 of spinophilin. This domain contains a pentapeptide motif (R/K-R/K-V/I-X-F) between amino acids 447 and 451 (R-K-I-H-F) that is conserved in other PP1 regulatory subunits. Mutation of phenylalanine-451 (F451A) or deletion of the conserved motif abolished the ability of spinophilin to bind PP1, as observed by coprecipitation, overlay, and competition binding assays. In addition, deletion of regions 417-442 or 474-494, either singly or in combination, impaired the ability of spinophilin to coprecipitate PP1. A comparison of the binding and inhibitory properties of spinophilin peptides suggested that distinct subdomains of spinophilin are responsible for binding and modulating PP1 activity. Mutational analysis of the modulatory subdomain revealed that spinophilin interacts with PP1 via a mechanism unlike those used by the cytosolic inhibitors DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32 000) and inhibitor-1. Finally, characterization of the interactions between spinophilin and PP1 has facilitated the design of peptide antagonists capable of disrupting spinophilin-PP1 interactions. These studies support the notion that spinophilin functions in vivo as a neuronal PP1 targeting subunit by directing the enzyme to postsynaptic densities and regulating its activity toward physiological substrates.
An ultra high speed ECL-bipolar CMOS technology with silicon fillet self-aligned contacts (2003)

An ultra-high-speed half-micron non-overlapped super self-aligned BiCMOS technology that uses a silicon fillet self-aligned contact technology (SIFT) for both bipolar and MOS transistors is discussed. The SIFT process reduces the device capacitances and series resistances by minimizing the diffusion region area as well as the polysilicon electrode area. Deep trench isolation for bipolar transistors allows the device area to be much reduced for VLSI applications. The ECL gate delay is demonstrated to be 31 ps for devices with emitter polysilicon widths of 0.6 mu m. The CMOS ring oscillator gate delays are 58 ps for 0.5- mu m gate length and 67 ps for 0.6- mu m gate length at 5 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
-Catenin binds to the downstream region and regulates the expression C-reactive protein gene (2007)

C-Reactive protein (CRP) is a major acute-phase response protein, which is activated by various cytokines. We investigated the mechanism of TNF-alpha-induced CRP expression and found that the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB was responsible for the transcriptional activation of CRP. Since the p50 protein acts as a positive regulator of CRP expression without an inherent transactivation domain, we looked for an interaction partner that could provide p50 with such a domain. We found that beta-catenin enhanced the expression of a CRP mRNA in concert with p50 subunit. Protein-protein interaction between p50 and beta-catenin was important for CRP expression and their interactions to CRP promoter were induced after TNF-a treatment. Since gene expression depends upon the proximity of promoters and distal regulatory sites, we explored the long-range genomic interaction at the CRP locus by chromosome conformation capture (3C). We identified a binding site for beta-catenin in the downstream of CRP gene by 3C and confirmed TNF-alpha-induced association of beta-catenin and p50 by chromatin immunoprecipitation and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Our findings provide evidence that transcription of the CRP gene depends upon p50 and beta-catenin proteins, which is accompanied by close proximity between promoter and the downstream region of CRP gene.
Snapshot-based data recovery approach (2011)

In this paper, we present the design and implementation details of WOWSnap, which is the data backup scheme based on the snapshot approach. As data to be stored in storage subsystems are tremendously increased, data protection techniques have become more important, to provide data availability and reliability. Snapshot is one of such data protection techniques and has been adapted to many file systems. However, in large-scale storage systems, adopting a snapshot technique to prevent data loss from intentional/accidental intrusion is not an easy task because the data size being backup-ed at a given time may be huge. In this paper, we present the WOWSnap that has been implemented based on file system-based snapshot approach. The WOWSnap provides a widely portable structure and causes less I/O processing overhead than ROW (Redirect On Write) method. Furthermore, the WOWSnap provides a capability of maintaining the disk space assigned to snapshot images in a consistently-sized disk portion. We present the performance results of the WOWSnap obtained from the Linux cluster located at Sejong University.
Dynamic control of motion estimation search parameters for low complex h.264 video coding (2006)

This paper presents a novel technique to reduce the motion estimation (ME) complexity in H.264/AVC video coding. A low complexity context-aware controller is added to a basic search engine; at coding time the controller extracts from the search engine partial results information on the input signal statistics, using them to dynamically configure the ME search parameters, such as number of reference frames, valid block modes and search area. Unnecessary computations and memory accesses can be avoided, decreasing ME complexity while keeping unaltered coding efficiency for a wide range of applications: bit-rates from tens of kbits/s to tens of Mbits/s and video formats from QCIF to CCIR. The context-aware control can be used with any ME search engine and in the paper is successfully applied to full search and fast ME, as EPZS and UMHS, in the JM10 software model of H264/AVC
SynchronizAR (2018)

We present SynchronizAR, an approach to spatially register multiple SLAM devices together without sharing maps or involving external tracking infrastructures. SynchronizAR employs a distance based indirect registration which resolves the transformations between the separate SLAM coordinate systems. We attach an Ultra-Wide Bandwidth~(UWB) based distance measurements module on each of the mobile AR devices which is capable of self-localization with respect to the environment. As users move on independent paths, we collect the positions of the AR devices in their local frames and the corresponding distance measurements. Based on the registration, we support to create a spontaneous collaborative AR environment to spatially coordinate users' interactions. We run both technical evaluation and user studies to investigate the registration accuracy and the usability towards spatial collaborations. Finally, we demonstrate various collaborative AR experience using SynchronizAR.
Movements of epithelial cell sheets <i>in vitro</i> (1966)

ABSTRACT Chick embryo epithelial cells, cultured in vitro on a plane glass surface, show ruffled membrane activity like that seen in fibroblasts. When similar epithelial cells come into contact, long-lasting adhesions form, which are associated with the cessation of membrane activity. Movement of epithelial cell sheets is correlated with adhesion to the substratum of some or all of the marginal cells. Such adhesion does not occur in the absence of membrane activity. Non-marginal cells ordinarily appear to be non-adherent to the substratum; occasionally, however, they become adherent when attachments to neighbouring cells in a sheet are broken. This behaviour is accompanied by marked membrane activity. Mobilization and orientation of marginal cells are the vital steps in movements of coherent cell sheets.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF URANIUM CARBIDE AS A NUCLEAR FUEL. Final Report (1964)

From introduction: This is the final report on uranium carbide studies sponsored by the United States Atomic Energy Commission and performed by United Nuclear Corporation at its New Haven Research Laboratories during the period from May 1959 to January 1964. The work was part of the Commission's Fuel Cycle Development Program aimed at lowering the cost of nuclear power by improving fuel cycle technology. At the inception of this program in 1959, some work was in progress on uranium carbide. Little was known of making a satisfactory fuel in quantity or of how it would perform either in-pile or out-of-pile. The United Nuclear program was designed with no specific reactor in mind and was aimed at furnishing information over a broad spectrum.