gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silver pivalate as a new volatile precursor for thin film deposition (1999)

to search a new volatile silver(I) precursor, the AgPiv complex (HPiv 2,2-dimethylpropionic acid) has been prepared and characterized by elemental and TG analysis. Complex AgPiv is moisture stable and has rather low light sensitivity. An X-ray structure determination showed that the crystal structure of AgPiv consists of dimers. connected with each other by bridging Ag O bonds. In addition, there are Ag-Ag contacts within dimers and between polymeric chains. It was found that AgPiv can be sublimed under dynamic vacuum (0.01-0.03 torr) at 230-250°C. The ALE experiments on SrS:Ag thin film growth were conducted with the use of AgPiv as volatile precursor.
Cascade Reaction of 6-Deoxy-6-iodohexopyranosides Promoted by Samarium Diiodide:  A New Ring Contraction of Carbohydrate Derivatives (1996)

2 páginas, 2 esquemas, 1 tabla.-- Supporting Information Available: General experimental\nprocedure for the reaction of 6-deoxy-6-iodohexopyranosides\nwith SmI2, 1H and 13C NMR data, and 2D NOESY cross-peak\nintensities for cyclopentane products (4 pages).-- A preliminary report of this work was presented at the XVIIth\nInternational Carbohydrate Symposium, Ottawa, July 1994.
Efficacy of insecticide mixtures against pyrethroid‐ and organophosphate‐resistant populations of <i>Spodoptera litura</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (2008)

Chlorpyrifos, profenofos and fipronil could be used in mixtures to restore cypermethrin and deltamethrin susceptibility. These findings may have considerable practical implications for S. litura resistance management.
CONDUCTIVITY MECHANISMS AND BREAKDOWN CHARACTERISTICS OF NIOBIUM OXIDE CAPACITORS (2003)

Niobium Oxide capacitor, has already found its place in the market as a cost effective and reliable non-burning component. The study of conductivity mechanisms has been done to prove its excellent stability, reliability and non-burning performance. Set of electrical measurements as VA characteristics in forward and reverse mode, frequency characteristics of capacitance, temperature or time dependence of basic parameters together with measurements of basic physical parameters enabled to propose the theoretical model of NbO- Nb2O5- MnO2 system. NbO Capacitor shows identical conductivity mechanism as tantalum capacitor, but furthermore a unique mechanism appears after dielectric breakdown. It causes a high resistance failure mode of NbO capacitor and limits the current bellow the capacitor&apos;s thermal runaway point, which prevents capacitor&apos;s burning, whereas filtering characteristics remain unchanged. © A VX Corporation 2003
Lateral Vibration of a Pipe Conveying a Fluid (1968)

The lateral vibration of a pipe conveying a fluid is investigated theoretically and experimentally. An exact solution for the natural frequency, axial distribution of phase and modal envelope is computed for a pinned-pinned, fixed-fixed and pinned-fixed span. Approximate one and two term Galerkin, Rayleigh-Ritz and Fourier series solutions are obtained and compared with the exact solution. It is found that a two term Galerkin or Rayleigh-Ritz solution is simple to evaluate and provides a good estimate of frequency and phase. The influence of axial tension and internal pressure is included. The experimental results are in agreement with theory at low flow speeds but show the difficulty of accurate buckling flow speed prediction.
Prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions: Effects of lysozyme, polylysine and polyglutamate versus hyaluronic acid (2005)

Lysozyme, polyglutamate and, most effectively, a polyglutamate-polylysine combination significantly decreased experimental abdominal adhesion formation. A strong mechanical connection to the wound and prolonged attendance in the surface were noted. Peritoneal phagocyte function did not seem to be influenced by the chemicals.
Selectivity and Response Characteristics of Human Olfactory Neurons (1997)

Transduction mechanisms were investigated in human olfactory neurons by determining characteristics of odorant-induced changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Olfactory neurons were freshly isolated from nasal biopsies, allowed to attach to coverslips, and loaded with the calcium-sensitive indicator fura-2. Changes in [Ca2+]i were studied in response to exposure to individual odors, or odorant mixtures composed to distinguish between transduction pathways mediated by adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP; mix A) or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3; mix B). Overall, 52% of biopsies produced one or more odorant-responsive olfactory neurons, whereas 24% of all olfactory neurons tested responded to odorant exposure with a change in [Ca2+]i. As in olfactory neurons from other species, the data suggest that odorant exposure elicited calcium influx via second-messenger pathways involving cAMP or InsP3. Unlike olfactory neurons from other species that have been tested, some human olfactory neurons responded to odorants with decreases in [Ca2+]i. Also in contrast with olfactory neurons from other species, human olfactory neurons were better able to discriminate between odorant mixtures in that no neuron responded to more than one type of odor or mixture. These results suggest the presence of a previously unreported type of olfactory transduction mechanism, and raise the possibility that coding of odor qualities in humans may be accomplished to some degree differently than in other vertebrates, with the olfactory neuron itself making a greater contribution to the discrimination process.
Einleitung (2016)

Das Sammelwerk legt umfassend den Stand der Staatstheorie dar und arbeitet die Beiträge der bedeutendsten Staatsdenker und der wichtigsten Strömungen des Staatsdenkens zum heutigen Staatsverständnis exemplarisch heraus.
Recent development of vertical GaN power devices (2019)

Abstract Gallium nitride (GaN) is an attractive material for high-frequency and high-power devices. Due to the availability of relatively high-quality free-standing bulk GaN substrates, the research and development of vertical GaN devices on GaN substrates has made significant progress in recent years, and various transistors and diodes based on vertical GaN with excellent characteristics have been reported. This paper reviews the current status and recent progress of vertical GaN power device development reported from companies and research institutions, which includes the technological development of our recent research results of Schottky barrier diodes and trench MOSFETs. Key remaining issues for practical applications are also described.
Multiplex RT-PCR Expression Analysis of Developmentally Important Genes in Individual Mouse Preimplantation Embryos and Blastomeres1 (2008)

We have developed a microfluidic chip-based qualitative assay for sensitive (10 RNA copies) detection of multiple transcripts in single cells. We determined the expression patterns of 17 developmentally important genes and isoforms in individual mouse preimplantation embryos from superovulated matings and blastomeres. The ubiquitously expressed histone variant H3f3a and the transcription factor Pou5f1 generated mRNA-derived products in all analyzed (1-cell, 2-cell, 4-cell, and morula stage) embryos and in all analyzed blastomeres from 16-cell embryos, indicating a uniform reactivation of pluripotency gene expression during mouse preimplantation development. In contrast, mRNA expression of different methyltransferases for DNA methylation, methylcytosine-binding proteins for chromatin modification, and base excision repair enzymes, which may provide a mechanism for active demethylation, varied considerably between individual cells from the same embryo and even more dramatically between cells from different embryos. We conclude that at a given point in time the transcriptome encoding the reprogramming machinery and, by extrapolation, genome reprogramming differs between blastomeres. By studying the cell-to-cell variability in gene expression, we can distinguish the following two classes: mouse 16-cell embryos in which most cells express the reprogramming machinery and embryos in which most cells do not contain detectable mRNA levels of DNA and chromatin modification genes. Immunolocalization of DNMT3A, MBD3, APEX1, and LIG3 in most or all nuclei of 40-60-cell embryos is a good indicator of functional activity of genes that are activated by the 16-cell stage.
A wet process technology applied to jojoba seed to obtain oil and detoxified protein meal (1991)

Abstract An industrial wet process to obtain oil and meal from jo‐joba was set up. The process sequence consists of breaking the seeds, homogenizing with water of suitable pH and temperature, and centrifuging to accomplish separation into oil, process water and wet meal. Oil is obtained with a yield of 70–75% and requires no supplementary refining treatment for the industrial purposes for which it is destined. The meal obtained is devoid of the toxic components simmondsin and simmondsin‐2′ ferulate, and the protein content may be considered unchanged. The procedure contemplates a drying treatment for the meal with a view to using it as animal feed. This system is simple, economical and flexible in use.
Reactive ion etching of ZnSe by gas mixture of ethane and hydrogen (1992)

ZnSe epitaxial layers grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy were etched by reactive ion etching (RIE) with a gas mixture of ethane and hydrogen (C2H6/H2). Smooth etching surfaces were obtained under the following RIE conditions: an ethane concentration (flow fraction) of 3%, total flow (C2H6+H2) of 55 sccm, total pressure of 15 Pa and radio frequency power density of 0.6 W/cm2. This ethane concentration is smaller than that in III–V semiconductors, 5%–7%. The etching rate of ZnSe was 21 nm/min and smaller than that of III–V semiconductors.
A COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE OF TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTORS (1987)

ABSTRACT In this paper the characteristics of two different types of switched reluctance motors have been pre-determined using a two dimensional finite element analysis and compared. A motor with one tooth per stator pole and another with two teeth per stator pole are considered for analysis. The terminal inductance, the flux linkage of each stator pole winding and the developed torque per ampere characteristics of these two types of motor congiguration are determined.The nature of the leakage fluxes and the characteristics of the electromagnetic torque developed are clearly identified.
Sensor sensitivity to posture transitions in a lower-extremity orthotic device (2015)

This study evaluates sensitivity and relative timing of a system of sensors in detecting posture transitions by a user wearing a lower-extremity orthotic device. The sensors in the orthosis included accelerometers, gyroscopes, potentiometers, and force sensitive resistors positioned at various locations. Data was collected from subjects wearing the orthotic device while seated, followed by a transition to a standing position and a transition to walking. The initial posture and rate of the transition were varied to cover a range of initial conditions and transitions speeds. The data collected from three healthy adults were used to perform initial analysis of repeatability of sensor signals to identify sensors that reliably respond to certain posture transitions. Relative timing of the sensors was studied to identify sensors that respond the earliest to a posture transition and thus potentially be used to recognize user's intent to change posture. The results suggest that accelerometers and gyroscopes located on the lateral side of the shank and thigh may detect transition events earlier and more consistently than potentiometers on the knee and ankle joints and force sensitive resistors on the sole of the foot.
Perspectives on the design of intergovernmental fiscal relations (1991)

The way taxing and spending authorities are delineated and the manner in which intergovernmental transfers are structured in a country have come to be recognized as fundamentally important in the efficient and equitable provision of public services. The objective of this paper is to provide a broad framework in assessing intergovernmental fiscal arrangements in individual countries and also to develop general guidelines in helping developing nations chart their own courses of actions in their reforms. With the major exception of centrally planned economies in transition to market economies, one does not expect that these arrangements will be fully restructured in any developing economy, yet major economic gains may be possible in some countries by simply fine tuning the existing structure of intergovernmental transfers without reassigning expenditure and taxing responsibilities. The paper includes a discussion of the tax and expenditure assignment issues and tax base and revenue sharing mechanisms. The conceptual basis of expenditure assignment is discussed first and any special problems of this nature observed in selected countries are highlighted. The paper is concerned with the theory and practice of intergovernmental transfers and provides a taxonomy of grant programs based on their objectives. It also provides evidence on vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances and an impressionistic view of fiscal arrangements in selected countries.
Template-dependent incorporation of 8-N<sub>3</sub>AMP into RNA with bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase (2004)

UV-induced photochemical crosslinking is a powerful approach that can be used for the identification of specific interactions involving nucleic acid-protein and nucleic acid-nucleic acid complexes. 8-AzidoATP (8-N(3)ATP) is a photoaffinity-labeling agent which has been widely used to elucidate the ATP binding site of a variety of proteins. However, its true potential as a photoactivatable nucleotide analog could not be exploited due to the lack of 8-azidoadenosine phosphoramidite, a monomer used in the synthesis of RNA, and the inability of 8-N(3)ATP to serve as an efficient substrate for bacteriophage RNA polymerase. In this study, we explored the ability of SP6, T3, and T7 RNA polymerases and metal ion cofactors to catalyze the incorporation of 8-N(3)AMP into RNA. Whereas transcription buffer containing 2.0-2.5 mM Mn(2+) supports T7 RNA polymerase-mediated insertion of 8-N(3)AMP into RNA, a mixture of 2.5 mM Mn(2+) and 2.5 mM Mg(2+) further improves the yield of 8-N(3)AMP-containing transcript. In addition, both RNA transcription and reverse transcription proceed with high fidelity for the incorporation of 8-N(3)AMP and complementary residue, respectively. Finally, we show that a high-affinity MS2 coat protein binding sequence, in which adenosine residues were replaced by 8-azidoadenosine, crosslinks to the coat protein of the Escherichia coli phage MS2.
Chemical interactions in blends of bisphenol A polycarbonate with tetraglycidyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane epoxy (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical interactions in blends of bisphenol A polycarbonate with tetraglycidyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane epoxyC. C. Su and E. M. WooCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 20, 6779–6786Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00124a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00124a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views515Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Free Radicals, Antioxidants, and Neurologic Injury: Possible Relationship to Cerebral Protection by Anesthetics (2002)

Oxygen-centered free radicals cause brain injury associated with trauma and stroke. These reactive oxygen species may be detoxified by endogenous antioxidants, but cell death occurs after antioxidants become depleted. General anesthetics penetrate into brain parenchyma, where they may abrogate oxidative injury to neurons by several mechanisms that prevent the initiation of free radical chain reactions or terminate the propagation of highly reactive radicals. First, general anesthetics may inhibit free radical generation because these drugs slow cerebral utilization of oxygen and glucose, inhibit oxidative metabolism in neutrophils, and prevent redox changes in hemoglobin. Second, antioxidant anesthetics, such as thiopental and propofol, directly scavenge reactive oxygen species and inhibit lipid peroxidation. Finally, anesthetics may prevent the elevation of extracellular glutamate concentration and inhibit the activation of excitatory glutamatergic receptors that augment oxidative stress after ischemia.
The Paradox of Security in Virtual Environments (2008)

Virtualization trims administrative overhead, eases system management, and combats OS-level security vulnerabilities. However, it also exhibits new characteristics and exposes new vulnerabilities that can be detrimental to securing the system.
InP based lasers and optical amplifiers with wire-/dot-like active regions (2005)

Long wavelength lasers and semiconductor optical amplifiers based on InAs quantum wire-/dot-like active regions were developed on InP substrates dedicated to cover the extended telecommunication wavelength range between 1.4 and 1.65 µm. In a brief overview different technological approaches will be discussed, while in the main part the current status and recent results of quantum-dash lasers are reported. This includes topics like dash formation and material growth, device performance of lasers and optical amplifiers, static and dynamic properties and fundamental material and device modelling.
Spring Waters' Effect on the Perception of Sour Taste (1999)

The use of water is vital to the maintenance of a quality system of sensory evaluation of foods and of the overall quality of foods. Currently, there are no set standards for the type of water used in sensory testing. The objective of the study was to determine how difference in spring water influence the perception of sour taste. Triangle tests were used to determine if differences exist between seven pairs of five different spring waters. Citric acid was used to prepare the solutions for the triangles. Significant differences were found between members of all seven pairs of waters. The differences were attributed to differences in pH and titratable acidity values.
ICT and home learning (2013)

ICT is often seen, at least in the popular press, as an electronic babysitter, but helping practitioners and parents to understand how it can become part of a rich learning environment can only benefit children.
A decision model for executing plant strategy: maintaining the technical integrity of petroleum flowlines (2012)

The ‘strategic’ management of technical integrity has become a high profile subject matter over recent years within inspection and maintenance of assets in the process industry. The assets such as production and process facilities require being optimised, prioritised and cost-effective inspection and maintenance, depending on whether they are at the beginning or end of their design life. In both cases, it is vital to ensure that sufficient condition monitoring data from all relevant sources are collated and analysed as a part in a planned scheme of inspection and maintenance. This is largely driven by certifying authority requirements, sound mechanical and corrosion engineering principles as well as inspection and maintenance approaches, indicated in a plant strategy. This manuscript suggests a model to execute plant strategy using analytic hierarchy process method. The model indicates the incorporation of requirements specified in a plant strategy for reaching optimised, prioritised and cost-effective outcome.
Fabrication of microporous thermoplastic polyurethane for use as small‐diameter vascular graft material. I. Phase‐inversion method (2005)

Fabrication conditions of microporous thermoplastic polyurethane to be used in small-diameter vascular grafts are studied. Porosity variations due to various factors such as concentration of PU solution, composition of coagulation bath, effect of coagulant temperature, and effect of dissolved air in PU solution are discussed. The liquid-liquid phase-inversion process used for preparation of PU films and the mechanism for the formation of microporous films are discussed. Surface and cross-section morphologies of PU films are studied with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and porosity value and mechanical strength of PU films are also determined. SEM photomicrographs show that PU films prepared in an alcoholic coagulant have uniform porous structure compared to films prepared in water coagulant. Increasing the polymer concentration and coagulant temperature (>23 degrees C) decreases the macrovoid formation, as seen in cross sections of PU films. This enhances the tensile modulus of PU films. By using this process adjustment may be made on the morphology and compliance, as they are important factors in design and fabrication of small-diameter vascular grafts.
Differential Polymer Structure Tunes Mechanism of Cellular Uptake and Transfection Routes of Poly(β-amino ester) Polyplexes in Human Breast Cancer Cells (2013)

Successful gene delivery with nonviral particles has several barriers, including cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and nuclear transport. Understanding the mechanisms behind these steps is critical to enhancing the effectiveness of gene delivery. Polyplexes formed with poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs) have been shown to effectively transfer DNA to various cell types, but the mechanism of their cellular uptake has not been identified. This is the first study to evaluate the uptake mechanism of PBAE polyplexes and the dependence of cellular uptake on the end group and molecular weight of the polymer. We synthesized three different analogues of PBAEs with the same base polymer poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-4-amino-1-butanol) (B4S4) but with small changes in the end group or molecular weight. We quantified the uptake and transfection efficiencies of the pDNA polyplexes formulated from these polymers in hard-to-transfect triple negative human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231). All polymers formed positively charged (10-17 mV) nanoparticles of ∼200 nm in size. Cellular internalization of all three formulations was inhibited the most (60-90% decrease in cellular uptake) by blocking caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Greater inhibition was shown with polymers that had a 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methylpiperazine end group (E7) than the others with a 2-(3-aminopropylamino)-ethanol end group (E6) or higher molecular weight. However, caveolae-mediated endocytosis was generally not as efficient as clathrin-mediated endocytosis in leading to transfection. These findings indicate that PBAE polyplexes can be used to transfect triple negative human breast cancer cells and that small changes to the same base polymer can modulate their cellular uptake and transfection routes.
Isolation of 2,4,5-trimethoxyallylbenzene from <i>Caesulia axillaries</i> oil (1968)

The phenolic ether obtained from the essential oil of Caesulia axillaries has been shown to be 2,4,5-trimethoxyallylbenzene (I), on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. It has tentatively been named as ?-asarone.