gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PURIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL GRAPE PIGMENT (1980)

ABSTRACT Although red grape pigments have been studied and shown to be small molecular weight substances called anthocyanins, it was found that commercial grape pigment extracts are highly polymerized and contaminated with microbial nutrients. Thus, when the pigments are used to color drinks in the absence of preservatives, spoilage is enhanced. The pigments are highly dispersed in molecular weights, tentered about 12,000 daltons by ultracentrifugation methods. Ultrafiltration membranes with molecular weight cut‐off of 10,000 and ion exchange have been used successfully to remove contaminants, particularly when employed in conjunction with a cation exchange treatment. When purified pigments are used to color drinks, there is a minimum proliferation of yeasts. Factors affecting purification efficiency, pigment stability, and yeast population kinetics are discussed. Purified pigment has a higher tinctoral power, enhanced stability and, when dried, is not hygroscopic. It has characteristics of anthocyanin and tannins. It is, therefore, called Anthocyanotannin.
Idiotype Vaccines for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Induce Polyclonal Immune Responses That Cover Mutated Tumor Idiotypes: Comparison of Different Vaccine Formulations (1997)

The idiotype (Id) of the Ig expressed on the surface of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells is a suitable target for immunotherapy. Indeed, treatment with monoclonal anti-Id antibodies (Abs) can induce long-lasting clinical remissions. However, some of the treated patients relapse with a tumor expressing Ig with point mutations in the idio recognized by the particular monoclonal antibody (MoAb). The alternative approach of active immunization with tumor Id can cure the disease in mice with established tumors and is now being studied in clinical trials. Here, we tested the hypothesis that active immunization with the idiotype would evoke a polyclonal immune response that would cover mutated tumor variants. As a test system, we chose the tumor from a patient who had achieved a complete remission after therapy with anti-Id Ab but subsequently relapsed with a mutated tumor variant no longer binding the treatment Ab. Mice were immunized with proteins and genetic vaccines derived from the original tumor, including (1) Id-keyhole limpet hemocyanin protein, (2) Id single-chain variable fragment (scFv) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) protein, (3) DNA encoding the Id, and (4) an adenovirus encoding the Id. All immunized mice developed a specific immune response detecting tumor-derived Id proteins from the original tumor and from all tumor variants. We conclude that active immunization with tumor Id can induce a polyclonal immune response and therefore may prevent the escape of mutated tumor variants.
The CtBP2 co-repressor is regulated by NADH-dependent dimerization and possesses a novel N-terminal repression domain (2004)

The C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) is a 48 kDa phosphoprotein reported to function as a co- repressor for a growing list of transcriptional repressors. It was recently demonstrated that CtBP is a dimeric NAD+-regulated d-isomer-specific 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase. However, the specific substrate(s) of CtBP enzymatic activity and the relationship of this activity to its co-repression function remain unknown. The ability of a human CtBP to bind and serve as a co-repressor of E1A has been shown to be regulated by nuclear NADH levels. Here we extend the functional characterization of CtBP by demonstrating that amino acid substitutions at Gly189 in the conserved NAD+-binding fold both abrogate the ability of CtBP2 to homodimerize and are associated with a dramatic loss of co-repressor activity. Consistent with the known enzymatic activity of CtBP2, mutations at Arg272 in the substrate-binding domain and at His321 in the catalytic domain result in significant loss of CtBP2 transcriptional co-repressor activity. High resolution serial C-terminal deletion analysis of CtBP2 also revealed a novel N-terminal repression domain that is distinct from its dehydrogenase domain. Our results suggest a model in which CtBP2 co-repressor function is regulated, at least in part, through the effect of NADH on CtBP2 homodimerization.
Some properties of GeTe-based thermoelectric alloys (2004)

The semiconductor alloy system (GeTe)/sub 1-x/(AgSbTe/sub 2/)/sub x/, known as TAGS, is a family of highly degenerate p-type materials with peak ZT well above room temperature. For instance, when x = 0.15, ZT is about 1.4 at 773 K, but is only /spl sim/0.2 at 300 K with a Seebeck coefficient less than 100 /spl mu/V/K. We revisit this familiar material and some related alloys with regard to their potential for operation at lower temperatures. We are seeking improved room-temperature electrical properties and, consequently, improved figure of merit.
Mac for WATM air interface: impact of error control schemes on protocol design (2003)

The extension of the ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) protocol stack to the wireless segment requires the introduction of a MAC (medium access control) layer able to provide reliable connection services to the network layer. Two basic functions of the MAC layer are resource allocation and error control. In this paper we analyze these issues and consider a MAC scheme for TDMA systems based on ARQ (automatic repeat request) and a multi-level priority scheduling. The impact of radio channel characteristics and QoS requirements on the protocol design has been studied and a comparison of the ARQ-based approach and the classical approach based on FEC (forward error correction) and interleaving has been performed.
The Design and Implementation of Improved Intelligent Answering Model (2006)

Based on the analysis of the main technical problems in the designs of the Intelligent Answering System, the traditional Answering System Model and its working mechanism is provided. Based on the analysis of the model, a Improved Intelligent Answering Model based on the data generalization based on the patterns tree, association rule mining of patterns, and the mergence and deletion of the rules based on the knowledge tree is come up with and implemented. In the end, the improvement of this model in intelligence is analyzed and proved with some data in a experiment.
On-line monitoring and PET imaging of proton radiotherapy beams (2003)

Preliminary experiments have been performed which indicate that online localization of proton radiotherapy beams in tissue is feasible. Using a two-dimensional array of online sodium iodide (NaI) detectors it is possible to perform real-time monitoring of the production of positron emitting isotopes (mainly /sup 11/C, /sup 13/N, and /sup 15/O) as a function of depth with pulsed proton beams of sufficiently low current. A commercial PET (positron emission tomography) scanner was used off-line to verify range and activity measurements. Results of range measurements using the two techniques are in good agreement with the calculated range, to within their respective resolutions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conjugated Organic Molecules Containing Imide Functional Groups for Organic Electronics (2017)

This thesis discusses the exploration of new, electron deficient molecular materials that can be used as active components in organic electronics. Chapter one of this thesis will introduce the concept of organic electronics and introduce preliminary design principles. In chapter two, the design and synthesis of an electron deficient small molecule based on a phthalimide-thiophene architecture (M1) is presented and physical properties pertinent to organic electronics are discussed. In chapter three, structurally related derivatives of the phthalimide-thiophene architecture are explored as electron transporting materials, where the number of thiophene units in the molecule as well as the alkyl chain lengths are varied (M2-M5). In chapter four, the M2 architecture is modified by changing the thiophene units for furan units, towards the goal of creating a more sustainable electron transporting material (M6). Chapters five and six discuss the effect of incorporating dye-fragments into the previously discussed molecular architecture to create a range of electron deficient dyes (M7-M17). Finally, in chapter seven, by making use of the combined knowledge obtained from previous work, an N-Annulated perylene diimide material (M18-M19) is presented which can be used as the electron accepting component in high organic solar cells that, depending on the choice of donor material, display power conversion efficiencies of up to 7.6 %.
Preprocessing of engineering drawings for 3D reconstruction (2002)

The necessity of a preprocessing step which should precede the application of any 3-D reconstruction algorithm from a set of views provided by any manually or automatically prepared engineering machine drawing is discussed as a task of a machine drawing understanding system (MDUS). The essence of this preprocessing step is the distinction between, and separation of, geometry and annotation entities. Since the core of annotation is dimensioning, a graph-theoretic approach to the analysis of dimensioning of a restricted class of engineering machine drawings that describe two-and-one-half-dimensional objects represented by normalons is introduced. Drafting standards require that the induced dimensioning graph of a properly dimensioned normalon be a tree, as proved by the normalon proper dimensioning theorem. The theorem provides the theoretical basis for a MDUS view-level phase that assesses the completeness of the set of dimension sets detected individually in a previous, syntax-based dimension-set-level phase.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Implementation of an adaptive fuzzy controller for FES-cycling system (1997)

An adaptive fuzzy logic control (AFLC) system has been designed for the control of functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling system. Among the AFLC strategies, the fuzzy gain scheduling approach is adopted herein. The AFLC FES-cycling system is implemented in a stand alone digital signal processor which provides a compact device for clinical use.
Dexmedetomidine Decreases Seizure Threshold in a Rat Model of Experimental Generalized Epilepsy (1994)

DEX exerted a significant proconvulsant action in the PTZ experimental seizure model. The pharmacodynamic effect was dose-dependent and stereospecific and was blocked by the selective alpha 2-receptor antagonist atipamezole. These data are consistent with previous data demonstrating that inhibition of central noradrenergic transmission facilitates seizure expression. Further evaluation of DEX for possible clinical proconvulsant effects may be warranted.
Precise measurement of semiconductor laser chirp using effect of propagation in dispersive fiber and application to simulation of transmission through fiber gratings (1998)

Measurements of small-signal intensity modulation from direct-modulated distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor lasers after propagation in dispersive fiber have previously been used to extract intrinsic laser chirp parameters such as linewidth enhancement factor and crossover frequency. Here, we demonstrate that the simple rate equations do not satisfactorily account for the frequency response of real DFB lasers and describe some experimental techniques that conveniently determiner the precise laser chirp. Implications for simulation of high-speed lightwave systems are also considered.
Visual extraction of motion-based information from image sequences (2002)

We describe a system which is designed to assist in extracting high-level information from sets or sequences of images. We show that the method of principal components analysis followed by a neural network learning phase is capable of feature extraction or motion tracking, even through occlusion. Given a minimum amount of user direction for the learning phase, a wide range of features can be automatically extracted. Features discussed in this paper include information associated with human head motions and a birds wings during take-off. We have quantified the results, for instance showing that with only 25 out of 424 frames of hand labelled information a system to track a persons nose can be trained almost as accurately as a human attempting the same task. We demonstrate a system that is powerful, flexible and, above all, easy for nonspecialists to use.
Toxicity of hydrogen peroxide produced by electroplated coatings to pathogenic bacteria (1998)

The ability of various electroplated coatings (cobalt, zinc, copper, and cobalt-containing alloys of nickel, zinc, chromium, etc.) to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) was determined by a drop-method antibacterial experiment. The amounts of H2O2 produced and metal ions dissolved from the surfaces of various electroplated coatings were measured and it was found that the inhibitory ability of coatings corresponded to the amounts of H2O2 produced. The more significant the inhibition of the coating to bacterial growth, the greater the amount of H2O2 production. In addition, the bacterial survival rates on the surfaces of coatings were almost zero when H2O2 was produced in amounts greater than 10(-6) mmol/cm2. However, the dominant concentrations of metal ions dissolved from coatings were outside of the bacterial lethal range.
High impedance fault detection using orthogonal transforms (2014)

High impedance fault (HIF) detection is very important to utility companies in terms of safety (a threat on human lives), specifically, in power systems and power delivery. In this paper, two groups of fault events from official websites of DOE/EPRI National Database Repository of Power System Events are studied, and a heuristic approach specified for these particular groups of events is applied for developing a reliable detecting method. We investigate two HIF detection methods by applying sliding orthogonal transforms such as fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) and Walsh Hadamard Transforms (WHTs) to its harmonic-current content. The criteria to declare the existence of fault currents are based on the threshold and shape of the magnitude and phase responses of orthogonal transformed results. Simulation shows that both sliding FFT and WHT are effective techniques for HIF detection in studied cases.
Chronic Hemospermia; Its Origin and Treatment with Estrogen1 (1945)

THE PROBLEM of the origin of the blood in chronic hemospermia was attacked by a chemical study of the ejaculate collected in serial fractions, the three glass test, and it was found that the hemorrhage arises from the vesicular apparatus. On theoretical grounds it was appropriate to test the effect of estrogen as a therapeutic agent. Six patients were treated, and in five the hemorrhage ceased. Blood in the semen is caused by many agents. It is useful to differentiate between hemospermia of brief duration and the more chronic condition. Acute hemospermia is observed not infrequently and the causes are often obvious; as a few common examples we cite acute prostatitis, ejaculation before complete healing following prostatic resection, and ejaculation following trauma. These episodes of bleeding are temporary in the majority of cases and will not be considered further in this paper. Of entirely different etiology and course is chronic hemospermia.
Catalysis Progress in Research (1973)

This conference on Catalysis was held under the auspices ofthe NATO Science Committee as part of its continuing effort to promote the useful progress of science through international cooperation. The
What America's Users Spend on Illegal Drugs: 2000&ndash;2010 (2014)

RAND researchers generated national estimates of consumption of four illicit drugs from 2000 to 2010: cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and methamphetamine. Throughout the decade, U.S. drug users spent on the order of $100 billion annually on these drugs, although the spending distribution and use patterns changed. For all of the drugs, total consumption and expenditures are driven by the minority of users who consume on 21 or more days each month.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Crystals with “nipi‐Superstructure” (1972)

Abstract The zigzag‐shaped potontial in crystals with “nipi‐Superstructure” (a periodic array of n‐ and p‐doped layers, separated from each other by zones of the intrinsic material) splits the bands into subbands. As a consequence the electronic properties as a function of photon frequency or of external fields should show oscillations reflecting the subband structure. Furthermore these crystals should show interesting features, which are based on the weak interaction between carriers of different impurity layers, and on the change of the amplitude of the superstructure potential with the degree of excitation. Thus, the absorption coefficient, as well as the recombination radiation shows a strong red shift, which depends on the degree of excitation. The efficiency for light storage is high. The application of external fields has drastic effects on the absorption coefficient and on the intensity and frequency of luminescence. At high fields electroluminescence with high efficeincy eventually may be observed.
Design of wide band transversely coupled resonator filters on quartz (2003)

Typical relative bandwidth of transversely coupled resonator filters (TCRF) on quartz wafers varies between BW = 0.05 to 0.1%. In this paper, we investigate the factors restricting the bandwidth and describe some specific features of designing TCRF with more expanded bandwidth BW = 0.15-0.3%, on quartz. The results of investigation are illustrated by experimental characteristics of four TCRF types: 315 MHz filter with BW = 0.28%, 248 MHz filter with BW = 0.18%, 402 MHz filter with BW = 0.125% and 360 MHz filter with BW = 0.064%. All filters are manufactured on quartz wafer, cut 33.3/spl deg/-YX, in packages SMD 3.8 /spl times/ 3.8 /spl times/ 1.4 mm.
Optical-confinement-factor dependencies of the K factor, differential gain, and nonlinear gain coefficient for 1.55 mu m InGaAs/InGaAsP MQW and strained-MQW lasers (1991)

Optical-confinement-factor Gamma dependencies of the K factor, differential gain, dg/dN, and nonlinear gain coefficient epsilon , for 1.55 mu m InGaAs/InGaAsP multiple-quantum-well (MQW) and compressively strained MQW lasers, were investigated experimentally. For both MQW and strained-MQW lasers, when Gamma is increased, the K factor is reduced, dg/dN is increased, but epsilon is almost constant. These results indicate that the Gamma dependence of the K factor mainly results from a change in dg/dN, and does not result from a change in epsilon . For the strained MQW lasers, the K factor, dg/dN, and epsilon are, respectively, half as large, twice as large, and the same as those for the MQW lasers, when both types of lasers have the same Gamma (=0.05). This suggests that the strained MQW lasers with a large Gamma have a small K factor and thus are preferable for achieving large modulation bandwidths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Beeinflussung der Reaktivität durch die rhythmische neuromuskuläre Stimulation (RNS) (1997)

The rhythmical neuromuscular stimulation (RNS) by Nasarov is a new method for optimizing performance. By transferring mechanical vibration to the tendomuscular system better coordination of peripheral and central nervous system could be achieved. A study with twelve healthy students of physical education dealt with the question of the effects of RNS on drop jumps. After 12 minutes application of RNS the performance drastically decreased. Jumping height lowered and ground contact time increased. Recordings of EMG revealed corresponding alterations in muscle activity, such occurring in overload situations. Plastic deformation of tendon collagen and neuromuscular adaptation as stiffness-reduction of gamma-modulation is discussed.
Rigorous analysis of spheres in Gauss-Laguerre beams (2007)

In this paper we develop a rigorous formulation of Gauss- Laguerre beams in terms of Mie scattering coefficients which permits us to quasi-analytically treat the interaction of a spherical particle located in the focal region of a possibly high numerical aperture lens illuminated by a Gauss-Laguerre beam. This formalism is used to study the scattered field as a function of the radius of a spherical scatterer, as well as the translation of a spherical scatterer through the Gauss-Laguerre illumination in the focal plane. Knowledge of the Mie coefficients provides a deeper insight to understanding the scattering process and explaining the oscillatory behaviour of the scattered intensity distribution.
Reference escape analysis (1991)

In reference counting schemes for automatically reclaiming storage, each time a reference to an object is created or destroyed, the reference count of the object needs to be updated. This may involve expensive inter-processor message exchanges in distributed environments. This overhead can be reduced by analyzing the lifetimes of references to avoid unnecessary updatings. This paper describes a technique for reducing the runtime reference counting overhead through compile-time optimization. We present a compile-time analysis called re~erence escape analysis for higher-order functional languages that determines whether the lifetime of a reference ezceeds the lifetime of the environment in which the reference was created. Using this statically inferred information, a method for optimizing reference counting schemes is described. Our method can be applied to reference counting schemes in both uniprocessor and multiprocessor environments. The major overhead that is incurred in reference counting schemes are as follows: Space overhead for maintaining a reference count in each object. Time and code overhead for updating reference counts when references are created or destroyed. Communication overhead for manipulating a remote reference and for synchronizing the operations on reference counts in distributed memory environments. In this paper, we describe a method for reducing the time, code, and communication overhead of reference counting in both uniprocessor and multiprocessor environments by compile-time program analysis. Our approach is based on the observation that such overheads can be reduced by avoiding unnecessary reference count updates using statically inferred information about the
HOLOGRAPHIC HIGH ORDER ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY SYSTEM (1991)

Associative memory systems allow vast databases to be searched rapidly to recover all of a dataset when only part of that dataset is available initially. It is also often important to be able to modify the recalled dataset and