gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vivo</i> tumor imaging in mice with near-infrared labeled endostatin (2004)

Endostatin is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis currently in phase I clinical trials. Imaging technologies that use near-infrared fluorescent probes are well suited to the laboratory setting. The goal of this study was to determine whether endostatin labeled with a near-infrared probe (Cy5.5) could be detected in an animal and whether it would selectively localize to a tumor. Endostatin was conjugated to Cy5.5 monofunctional dye and injected into mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma tumors (350 mm2). Mice were imaged at various time points while under sedation using a lightproof box affixed to a fluorescent microscope mounted with a filter in the near-infrared bandwidth consistent with Cy5.5 fluorescence. After i.p. injection, endostatin-Cy5.5 was absorbed producing a near-infrared fluorescent image within the tumors at 18 h reaching a maximum at 42 h after injection. No signal was emitted from mice injected with unlabeled endostatin or Cy5.5 dye alone or those that received no injection. Further results show that a dose response exists with injection of endostatin-Cy5.5. Mimicking the clinical route of administration, an i.v. injection had a peak signal emission at 3 h but also persisted to 72 h. Finally, to determine the intratumoral binding site for endostatin, we performed immunofluorescence on tumor specimens and demonstrated that endostatin binds to tumor vasculature and colocalizes with platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 expression. This study demonstrates that endostatin covalently bound to Cy5.5 will migrate from a distant i.p. injection site to a tumor. These data indicate that endostatin-Cy5.5 is appropriate for selectively imaging tumors in uninjured experimental animals.
Combined deficiency of xanthine oxidase and sulphite oxidase: A defect of molybdenum metabolism or transport? (1978)

A child is described who presented in the neonatal period with feeding difficulties, severe neurological abnormalities, lens dislocation of the eyes and dysmorphic symptoms of the head. Routine laboratory investigations revealed a decreased serum urate and a positive sulphite reaction of the urine. Subsequent chromatographic examinations showed xanthinuria and increased excretion of S-sulphocysteine and taurine to be present. In addition, high thiosulphate and low sulphate excretions in the urine were observed. Xanthine oxidase deficiency was demonstrated in a jejunal biopsy specimen, whereas the excretion of sulphur containing substances was considered to be characteristic of sulphite oxidase deficiency. This new combination of defects may be the result of malfunctioning of both enzymes, possibly caused by alterations in the essential molybdenum containing active centre of the enzymes, which they share in common.
Diuretics. 4-Substituted 3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid hydrazides (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiuretics. 4-Substituted 3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid hydrazidesM. L. Hoefle, L. T. Blouin, H. A. DeWald, Ann Holmes, and Dorothy WilliamsCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 5, 970–973Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00311a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00311a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the Use of Kriging Models to Approximate Deterministic Computer Models (2004)

The use of kriging models for approximation and metamodel-based design and optimization has been steadily on the rise in the past decade. The widespread usage of kriging models appears to be hampered by (1) the lack of guidance in selecting the appropriate form of the kriging model, (2) computationally efficient algorithms for estimating the model’s parameters, and (3) an effective method to assess the resulting model’s quality. In this paper, we compare (1) Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and Cross-Validation (CV) parameter estimation methods for selecting a kriging model’s parameters given its form and (2) and an R2 of prediction and the corrected Akaike Information Criterion for assessing the quality of the created kriging model, permitting the comparison of different forms of a kriging model. These methods are demonstrated with six test problems. Finally, different forms of kriging models are examined to determine if more complex forms are more accurate and easier to fit than simple forms of kriging models for approximating computer models.
Double heterostructure optoelectronic switch as a dynamic memory with low-power consumption (1988)

A pnn double heterostructure optoelectronic switch with dual extractor electrodes was dynamically operated as an optical memory with the resulting achievement of 20 μW holding power. This value represents a reduction in holding power of about three orders of magnitude as compared to that of conventional light-emitting optical bistable devices. Complete operation, involving optical writing, regeneration, and high-speed erasing of written data through a dual extractor-electrodes configuration, was carried out with a simple driving scheme.
Fluorogenic substrates for the detection of microbial nitroreductases (2001)

These novel substrates facilitate the direct detection of nitroreductase activity and have potential as sensitive indicators of microbial growth.
A<i>Giardia duodenalis</i>gene encoding a protein with multiple repeats of a toxin homologue (1995)

A gene, CRP136, from the intestinal protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis, expressed at a high level in a metronidazole-resistant line, encodes a 136 kDa protein with 23 copies of a 40 amino acid repeat. The protein is cysteine-rich and has the typical membrane-spanning region and CXXC amino acid motifs of a family of Giardia cysteine-rich surface proteins (CRSPs). The repeat unit in CRP136, shares 57% homology with the gene encoding the precursor of the sarafotoxins, a group of snake toxins from the burrowing adder known to cause symptoms similar to those of humans acutely infected with Giardia. The sarafotoxins are low molecular weight sulphydryl cross-linked peptides which are proteolytically cleaved from a precursor polyprotein. CRP136 has homology over the entire length of the sarafotoxin precursor, and the repeats are of the same length. Thus CRP136 represents the first evidence for a potential Giardia toxin. The genomic copy number of CRP136 appears to be the same in both the parent and drug-resistant lines and expression of this gene, and at least one other, is associated with a conserved partial duplication, but not amplification, of one chromosome.
Characterization of betalains, saponins and antioxidant power in differently colored quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) varieties (2017)

Quinoa was the traditional grain crop used by the prehispanic civilizations in America. Grains are white, black, yellow, and red-violet and plants are cultivated in vast areas of Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. The recent description of the betacyanin pigment betanin in red-violet varieties is here further analyzed detecting the presence of amaranthin not previously identified in quinoa grains. Yellow-orange grains are characterized for the first time and up to four different betaxanthins are found to be responsible for this coloration. The native fluorescence of the identified betaxanthins makes the surface of the yellow quinoa grains glow with green fluorescent light. The presence of betalains is correlated with high antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities measured under the FRAP, ABTS and ORAC assays in grain extracts of 29 Peruvian varieties. TEAC equivalence is as high as 44.1 and 47.4mmol Trolox/kg for the yellow and red-violet varieties analyzed respectively.
Association Between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Pre-miRNAs and the Risk of Asthma in a Chinese Population (2011)

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pre-miRNAs may alter microRNA (miRNA) expression levels or processing and contribute to susceptibility to a wide range of diseases. We investigated the correlation between four SNPs (rs11614913, rs3746444, rs2910164, and rs229283) in pre-miRNAs and the risk of asthma in 220 asthma patients and 540 controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology and DNA-sequencing. There were significant differences in the genotype and allelic distribution of rs2910164G/C and rs2292832C/T polymorphisms among cases and controls. The CC genotype and C allele of rs2910164G/C were significantly associated with a decreased risk of asthma (CC vs. GG, odds ratio [OR] = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31-0.82; C vs. G, OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.59-0.93). Similarly, the TT genotype and T allele of rs2292832C/T were significantly associated with a decreased risk of asthma (TT vs. CC, OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33-0.95; T vs. C, OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.95). However, no significant association between the other two polymorphisms (i.e., rs11614913C/T and rs3746444C/T) and the risk of asthma was observed. Our data indicate that rs2910164G/C and rs2292832C/T may play a role in the development of asthma.
Jacchia-Lineberry upper atmosphere density model (1982)

A series of increasingly accurate models which are a careful blend of empirical and theoretical formulae were developed. The exospheric temperature is assumed to be a function of: (1) the average and daily variations in the solar flux, (2) the average and three hourly variations in the geomagnetic index, (3) the angle between the position vector and the axis of the unsymmetric atmospheric bulge, and (4) the angle between the position vector and the geomagnetic pole. The exospheric temperature is related to the density by the solution of the diffusion equilibrium equations for the different constituents of the atmosphere as a function of altitude. Other variations are modeled directly as changes in the density. They are: (1) changes due to the semiannual effect, and (2) changes due to the seasonal latitudinal effect. The causes for these variations are not exactly known but may be modeled sufficiently by empirical formulae. The Jacchia model is assumed to be valid over the altitude range of 90 to 2500 km. The residuals between the observed density from satellite drag observations and the computed densities show the mean relative error to be generally less than 10 percent with occasional peak errors near 50 percent.
Learning Actions to Improve the Perceptual Anchoring of Objects (2017)

In this paper, we examine how to ground symbols referring to objects in perceptual data from a robot system by examining object entities and their changes over time. In particular, we approach the challenge by 1) tracking and maintaining object entities over time; and 2) utilizing an artificial neural network to learn the coupling between words referring to actions and movement patterns of tracked object entities. For this purpose, we propose a framework which relies on the notations presented in perceptual anchoring. We further present a practical extension of the notation such that our framework can track and maintain the history of detected object entities. Our approach is evaluated using everyday objects typically found in a home environment. Our object classification module has the possibility to detect and classify over several hundred object categories. We demonstrate how the framework creates and maintains, both in space and time, representations of objects such as 'spoon' and 'coffee mug'. These representations are later used for training of different sequential learning algorithms in order to learn movement actions such as 'pour' and 'stir'. We finally exemplify how learned movements actions, combined with common-sense knowledge, further can be used to improve the anchoring process per se.
Control of a heat-integrated complex distillation configuration (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTControl of a heat-integrated complex distillation configurationSamuel S. Ding and William L. LuybenCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 7, 1240–1249Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00103a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00103a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A proposed punch-through microwave negative-resistance diode (1968)

A new microwave negative-resistance diode is proposed. The diode is similar to the Read diode insofar as the negative resistance is partially due to the finite transit time of carriers flowing through a depletion region. Unlike the Read diode, however, the carriers are injected into the depletion region by punch through rather than by avalanche. The resulting device is therefore expected to have a considerably better noise performance than the Read diode. The paper first explains qualitatively the punch-through operation of the proposed device and contrasts it with similar structures proposed earlier by Read and by Shockley. The large signal admittance of the punch-through diode is then obtained by using a sharp pulse approximation of the injection process. A device Q of -15 is calculated. Considering the device as a microwave oscillator, it is found that conversion efficiencies of the order of 20 percent should be possible. Estimates of the upper bounds on the microwave power are given. The paper concludes with a detailed account of design considerations for the device. Numerical designing examples for the frequency range of 1 to 5O GHz are given.
Model-based torsional vibration control of internal combustion engines (2008)

For internal combustion engines, it is important to ensure uniform cylinder-wise torque contributions in order to avoid excessive crankshaft torsional vibrations. Especially, the high-torsional vibration levels of medium-speed power plants and marine engines cause unnecessary wear of mechanical components, such as the flexible coupling between the engine and the load. This is because of the fact that the lower torque-order frequencies excited by the fuel combustions are usually in the vicinity of the natural frequency of the flexible coupling. A cylinder-balancing method is presented, which minimises crankshaft torsional vibrations on medium-speed internal combustion engines. Using a model of engine dynamics, the reduction of crankshaft torsional vibrations can be addressed as an online optimisation problem, where the Newton direction of fuel-injection adjustments is determined at each step. The proposed method is tested on a six-cylinder 6 MW Wärtsilä power plant engine, showing that the torsional vibration level can be significantly reduced, well below admissible levels.
A Mild, Efficient Methodology for the Synthesis of Carbacephem intermediates via Phase Transfer Catalysis (1991)

A high yielding, one-pot method for the transesterification of ß-lactam intermediates is presented. The methodology involves the dual use of a phase transfer catalyst to carry out both a hydrolysis and re-esterification.
Synthesis and evaluation of some stable multisubstrate adducts as specific inhibitors of spermidine synthase (1981)

A new series of aminopropyltransferase inhibitors has been designed in which the nuclephilic aminopropyl acceptor is attached to the aminopropyl donor, S-adenosyl-1-(methylthio)-3-propylamine (decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine), to form a "multisubstrate adduct". In the present case, S-adenosyl-1,8-diamino-3-thiooctane (2b) and the corresponding methysulfonium salt (3b) have been synthesized. Several compounds of this type were assayed as inhibitors of spermidine synthase, and both 2b and 3b were found to be potent inhibitors of the enzyme. The thioether 2b is the most potent inhibitor of spermidine synthase described to date and is almost totally devoid of inhibitory activity against the closely related aminopropyltransferase, spermine synthase. This type of compound should have use as a specific inhibitor of spermidine biosynthesis in vivo.
Thermally stimulated shape-memory behavior of ethylene oxide-ethylene terephthalate segmented copolymer (1997)

A series of ethylene oxide—ethylene terephthalate segmented copolymers (EOET) with different long soft segments and different hard-segment contents were synthesized. The thermally stimulated shape-memory behavior of EOET segmented copolymer is characterized by the maximum recovery (Rf), the recovery temperature (Tr), and the recovery speed (Vr) or the temperature (TM) of the maximum deformation recovery rate against temperature and the maximum recovery speed (VM). These parameters show that the features of thermally stimulated shape-memory effects of EOET segmented copolymers are following: The crystallinity of soft segments determines the temperature Tr and TM, and the parameters Rf, Vr, and VM depend on the stability of the physical crosslinks formed by the hard segments, which at the same time are influenced by the length of soft segment. Rf, Vr, and VM decrease with prolongation of the keeping time (tk) and increasing stretching ratio. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 2433–2440, 1997
Live ultrasound-based particle visualization of blood flow in the heart (2014)

We introduce an integrated method for the acquisition, processing and visualization of live, in-vivo blood flow in the heart. The method is based on ultrasound imaging, using a plane wave acquisition acquisition protocol, which produces high frame rate ensemble data that are efficiently processed to extract directional flow information not previously available based on conventional Doppler imaging. These data are then visualized using a tailored pathlet-based visualization approach, to convey the slice-contained dynamic movement of the blood in the heart. This is especially important when imaging patients with possible congenital heart diseases, who typically exhibit complex flow patterns that are challenging to interpret. With this approach, it now is possible for the first time to achieve a real-time integration-based visualization of 2D blood flow aspects based on ultrasonic imaging. We demonstrate our solution in the context of selected cases of congenital heart diseases in neonates, showing how our technique allows for a more accurate and intuitive visualization of shunt flow and vortices.
Microdosimetric Aspects of 0.3- to 20-MeV Proton Tracks: I. Crossers (1988)

Track structures of fast protons obtained by computer simulation using a detailed-history Monte Carlo method were evaluated to obtain stochastic frequency distributions for energy imparted and number of ionizations. These microdosimetric quantities were calculated for 0.3to 20-MeV protons passing through spherical sites (crossers) of 2 nm to 1 Am diameter in unit density water. From the distributions, the dependencies of their first two moments on ion energy, site size, and position of the track within the site were computed. The frequency distribu
Carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions of zinc homoenolate of esters. A novel three-carbon nucleophile with general synthetic utility (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-carbon bond-forming reactions of zinc homoenolate of esters. A novel three-carbon nucleophile with general synthetic utilityEiichi Nakamura, Satoshi Aoki, Kouichi Sekiya, Hiroji Oshino, and Isao KuwajimaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 26, 8056–8066Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00260a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00260a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3908Altmetric-Citations220LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
MOSFET transistors fabricated with high permitivity TiO/sub 2/ dielectrics (1997)

Layers of polycrystalline anatase TiO/sub 2/ have been deposited through the thermal decomposition of titanium tetrakisisopropoxide (TTIP). 500 /spl Aring/ films deposited and annealed in oxygen at 750/spl deg/C had average roughnesses (R/sub a/) of about 30 /spl Aring/. Capacitors made from 190 /spl Aring/ layers of TiO/sub 2/ displayed a voltage dependent accumulation capacitance. This was postulated to be caused by finite width effects in the accumulation layer which we have dubbed the quantum capacitance effect. N-channel transistors made with these films showed near ideal behavior, but mobilities were significantly lower than those of thermal oxide MOSFETs. This mobility reduction was believed to be caused by interface states, which fell below 10/sup 11/ cm/sup -2/ eV/sup -1/ at midgap, but rose sharply on either side, unlike the "U" shaped behavior in thermal oxide MOSFET's.