gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ‘colorizing’ of cytogenetics: is it ready for prime time? (1992)

Journal Article The ‘colorizing’ of cytogenetics: is it ready for prime time? Get access David H. Ledbetter David H. Ledbetter Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 1, Issue 5, August 1992, Pages 297–299, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/1.5.297 Published: 01 August 1992 Article history Received: 10 July 1992 Accepted: 12 July 1992 Published: 01 August 1992
Metatranscriptome Analysis of the Human Fecal Microbiota Reveals Subject-Specific Expression Profiles, with Genes Encoding Proteins Involved in Carbohydrate Metabolism Being Dominantly Expressed (2010)

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract provides home to a complex microbial community, collectively termed microbiota. Although major efforts have been made to describe the diversity and stability of the microbiota, functional studies have been largely restricted to intestinal isolates and include few community studies. The aim of this study was to explore the in situ gene expression of the fecal microbiota and to evaluate the RNA fingerprinting method cDNA-AFLP (cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism) for this purpose. To this end, cDNA-AFLP analysis of enriched mRNA revealed that two healthy subjects showed highly divergent expression profiles with considerable fluctuations in time. Subsequent excision and sequence determination of bands from the mRNA-enriched profiles resulted in 122 identifiable sequences (transcripts and rRNAs). The classification of retrieved transcripts into functional clusters based on COG (cluster of orthologous genes) annotation showed that most assigned transcripts belonged to the metabolism cluster (26% of all sequences), underlining that even at the very end of the intestinal tract the microbiota is still very active. This study furthermore revealed that cDNA-AFLP is a useful tool to compare gene expression profiles in time in complex microbial communities.
Ganglioside epitope recognized by K99 fimbriae from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (1989)

The receptor structure recognized by Escherichia coli possessing K99 fimbriae and by isolated K99 fimbrial fractions was examined by using an equine erythrocyte hemagglutination inhibition test. Both K99-positive organisms (strain B41) and fimbrial preparations reacted with N-glycolylneuraminyl-lactosyl-ceramide (NeuGcLacCer) purified from equine erythrocytes with very high potency. Fimbrial preparations were 253 times more potent than intact organisms, indicating that isolated fimbriae more precisely recognize the structure of NeuGcLacCer than do fimbriae located on the bacterial cell wall. Structurally, the N-glycolyl group of the sialic acid was shown to be essential because substitution of the N-acetyl group for the N-glycolyl group caused the reactivity to completely disappear. The substitution of the O-acetyl group for the C4 hydroxyl group of the sialic acid (4-O-Ac-NeuGcLacCer) also diminished the reactivity by about 500 times, indicating that the fine structure of NeuGc is necessary for recognition. N-Glycolylneuraminyl-neolactotetraosyl-ceramide (NeuGcnLc4Cer) and N-glycolylneuraminyl-neolactohexaosyl-ceramide (NeuGcnLc6Cer), both of which have identical disaccharides at the nonreducing terminal and longer carbohydrate chains, showed reduced reactivity, indicating that the ceramide of NeuGcLacCer is also involved in the recognition. Indeed, NeuGcLac oligosaccharides altered by cleavage of the ceramide or the terminal sialic acid (NeuGc) showed dramatically reduced reactivities. Ten other E. coli strains (isolated from diseased calves) and two strains (isolated from diseased piglets) which possessed the same K99 antigen and various O antigens were used for the recognition test. The results obtained were similar to those mentioned above.
Assessing Business-IT Alignment Maturity (2001)

Business and IT practitioners, researchers, and consultants have been asking for an effective tool to assess IT-business alignment. Until now, none was available. This chapter introduces the strategic alignment maturity assessment. This assessment tool is based on the authors’ research and consulting experience that identified the major enablers and inhibitors in the achievement of business-IT alignment and the methodology that leverages the most important enablers and inhibitors. Alignment focuses on the activities that management performs to achieve cohesive goals across the IT (information technology) and other functional (e.g., finance, marketing, H/R, manufacturing) organizations. Therefore, alignment addresses both how IT is in harmony with the business, and how the business should/could be in harmony with IT. Alignment evolves to a relationship where IT and business adapt their strategies together. Achieving alignment is evolutionary and dynamic. IT requires strong support from senior management, good working relationships, strong leadership, appropriate prioritization, trust, and effective communication, as well as a thorough understanding of the business and technical environments. Achieving and sustaining alignment demands focusing on maximizing the enablers and minimizing the inhibitors. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss an approach for assessing the maturity of the business-IT alignment. Once the maturity is understood, an organization can identify opportunities for enhancing the harmonious relationship of business and IT.
Strongbox: A System for Self-Securing Programs (2004)

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants but it is thought not to be essential for fungi. We studied whether the extraradical mycelia of Paxillus involutus in symbiosis with silver birch (Betula pendula) take up B and transport it to the host plant. We grew mycorrhizal plants in flat microcosms with a partitioning wall, below which there was only extraradical mycelium. A boric acid solution enriched in 10B was applied to these mycelia. Increased 10B/11B isotope ratios were subsequently measured in birch leaves, stems, and roots plus mycorrhizas in the upper compartment. Boron was therefore taken up by the mycorrhizal mycelia and transported to the host plant in this species combination.
Neuroprotective Effect of Sulfhydryl Reduction in a Rat Optic Nerve Crush Model (2005)

The sulfhydryl-reducing agent TCEP is neuroprotective of RGCs in an optic nerve crush model. Sulfhydryl oxidative modification may be a final common pathway for the signaling of RGC death by reactive oxygen species after axotomy.
Plant Mucilages. XLIII. A Representative Mucilage with Biological Activity from the Leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. (1993)

A representative mucilage, called Hibiscus-mucilage RL, was isolated from the leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. It was homogeneous on electrophoresis, and its molecular mass was estimated to be roughly 1.0 x 10(7). Its intrinsic viscosity value in aqueous solution was 23.2. The major constituent is an acidic polysaccharide composed of L-rhamnose: D-galactose: D-galacturonic acid: D-glucuronic acid in the molar ratio of 5:8:3:2. Methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis and nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicated its main structural features including a unique backbone chain composed of alpha-1,4-linked D-galactosyl alpha-1,2-linked L-rhamnosyl alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid units. The mucilage showed considerable anti-complementary activity.
Revista das revistas (2012)

Resumo de artigos de periodicos internacionais, dos autores: F. Oehlecker, Torralbas, Azpurna, Albrecht Peiper, Russel Cecil, Anderson, A. Montano, Henneberg, S. Samelson e W. Fornet.
High-order hidden Markov modelling (2002)

Recently we introduced algorithms for the efficient processing of high-order hidden Markov models (HMMs) of fixed order into the literature. In this paper these techniques are generalised to also include mixed-order HMMs. This then allows first-order equivalents to be found for all HMMs, thereby providing a unifying base for reasoning about their properties. Specifically we provide formulations that separates the duration modelling and context modelling capabilities of high-order HMMs.
Optimal therapeutic approaches to femoropopliteal artery intervention (2004)

Superficial femoral artery disease presents a complex challenge for therapy. The extent of vascular involvement may vary from focal disease with symptoms of intermittent claudication to long total occlusions manifest as critical limb ischemia. Optimal therapy requires understanding the available options including exercise programs, pharmacologic medical therapy, surgery and interventional endovascular therapy. Rapidly advancing endovascular technology for enabling safe intervention in complex, long occlusive segments of the superficial femoral artery continues to emerge. New devices like the SafeCross wire, Excimer laser, Silverhawk Atherectomy catheter, Cryoplasty catheter and new generations of bare metal and drug-eluting nitinol stents are shifting the paradigm for therapy from surgical to more endovascular treatment even for the most complex disease presentation.
Comparison of transthoracic square-wave defibrillation experience in the dog and calf. (1978)

Data from 5,280 fibrillation-defibrillation episodes in medium-size dogs, size scaled to a hypothetical 100-kg dog, and from 3,240 episodes in 100-kg calves, are used to derive families of curves showing percentage of success of unidirectional square-wave pulses in achieving defibrillation versus current amplitudes for energy levels in the range of 200 through 2,000 J. From the 3,240 episodes in the calves and 3,240 additional episodes in dogs, the incidence of post-defibrillation complete A-V block was found. In calves, the optimal 800-J curve peaks sharply at about the 93 percent success level for a current amplitude of 70 A. For the hypothetical dog, the 800-J curve has a broad peak at substantially the 100 percent success level for currents of 40 through 120 A. In general, the incidence of complete A-V block is very low in the dog and very high in the calf.
A 0.0025mm<sup>2</sup> bandgap voltage reference for 1.1V supply in standard 0.16&#x03BC;m CMOS (2012)

Todays ICs usually employ one bandgap voltage reference (BGVR) circuit to generate a well defined voltage that is reused at many places in that IC. The classical BGVR generates a reference voltage that is slightly larger than the material bandgap: a little above 1200mV in silicon. For deep-sub-micron technologies the supply voltage is about the same as the material bandgap which prevents using the classical bandgap structure. As a solution a number of BGVR topologies that create a sub-1V are invented; most of them are based on the structure introduced by Banba [1], some are using resistive voltage division [2] or voltage averaging [3]. For low-power operation high-ohmic resistors (occupying a large area!) must be used in all these techniques, leading to an immediate trade-off between power consumption and chip-area. This trade-off prevents the local generation of reference voltages where they are required: either the power penalty or the area penalty would be too significant. Alternative topologies that do not require high-ohmic resistors typically are not-BGVR-based circuits relying on threshold voltages and hence require trimming to achieve low spread.
Our Wesleyan Heritage Part II, Has Psychology a New Relevancy? (1948)

Consider, to begin with, what Professor Ligon call the "concept of integration.
An annotated situation-awareness aid for augmented reality (2002)

We present a situation-awareness aid for augmented reality systems based on an annotated "world in miniature." Our aid is designed to provide users with an overview of their environment that allows them to select and inquire about the objects that it contains. Two key capabilities are discussed that are intended to address the needs of mobile users. The aid's position, scale, and orientation are controlled by a novel approach that allows the user to inspect the aid without the need for manual interaction. As the user alternates their attention between the physical world and virtual aid, popup annotations associated with selected objects can move freely between the objects' representations in the two models.
Nanosecond Laser Assisted Fabrication of Large Area Metallic Nanostructures and Their Potential Applications (2015)

Techniques for processing nanoscale metallic and semiconductor structures with spatial order and tunable physical characteristics, such as size and shape, are important for realizing broad applications in areas such as magnetism, optics, electronics, biosensing, and drug delivery. Laser annealing is widely applied in modern semiconductor manufacturing processes for crystallizing amorphous structures into polycrystalline structures using thermal energy from laser illumination. This project aims to develop nanosecond laser assisted photothermal annealing technologies for high throughput nanofabrication of metal nanostructures on both planar and nonplanar surfaces using pulse laser induced rapid heating and nanomorphology evolution processes. This technology allows direct printing/transfer of functional devices on rigid substrates such as glass, silicon, as well as on flexible, low melting temperature substrates such as plastic and polymer. By controlling optical patterns through means of using phase-shifting photomask or pre-patterning the metal film to take advantage of the structured substrate, as well as selecting desired laser illumination duration, light wavelength, pulse number and dosage energy, thermal energy can be selectively deposited at target locations to melt materials within that area followed by nanomorphology evolution driven by surface tension. Such a low cost, high throughput and high spatial resolution nanofabrication technology could provide numerous applications in various areas including photonic devices, nanoelectronics, bio/chemical sensors, and devices for improved energy capturing and conversion in large area.We further developed a novel gold nanoparticle embedded PDMS micropillar array to measure cell force in a large scale. The gold nanoparticles serve as point source like scattering hot spots in dark field images, where PDMS pillars and cells are almost invisible. By fitting the gold nanoparticle image with Gaussian point spread function, 30 nm pillar localization precision could be achieved even using a low N.A. 20x objective lens. This precision is comparable to prior reported fluorescent pillars imaged by a high magnification optical system with 60x or 100x objective lenses. Our plasmonic pillar sensor allows for monitoring collective cell behavior in a much larger area without sacrificing the force resolution. The plasmonic pillar also has the potential for directly delivering molecules into live cells through transient holes on the cell membrane opened by rapidly expanding cavitation bubbles, which are photothermally generated by gold nanoparticles sitting on pillar tip under laser triggering pulses.
Corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors for normal incident light coupling (1996)

In this letter, we report a quantum well infrared photodetector geometry for normal incidence light coupling. The new optical coupling scheme utilizes total internal reflection at the sidewalls of triangular wires to create favorable optical polarization for infrared absorption. These wires are created by chemically etching an array of V grooves through the detector active region along a specific crystallographic direction. Experimental results from the initial single color as well as two-color detectors with linear wires and unthinned substrate show efficient light coupling comparable to the standard 45° edge coupling, without the undesirable wavelength dependence or spectral narrowing effect of a conventional grating structure. At the same time, the dark current density is substantially reduced due to the partial material removal. Further improvement is expected by creating a two-dimensional coupling structure with substrate thinning.
Zone‐specific cell biosynthetic activity in mature bovine articular cartilage: A new method using confocal microscopic stereology and quantitative autoradiography (1996)

A new methodology was developed to measure spatial variations in chondrocyte/matrix structural parameters and chondrocyte biosynthetic activity in articular cartilage. This technique is based on the use of a laser scanning confocal microscope that can "optically" section chemically fixed, unembedded tissue. The confocal images are used for morphometric measurement of stereologic parameters such as cell density (cells/mm3), cell volume fraction (%), surface density (l/cm), mean cell volume (micron3), and mean cell surface area (micron2). Adjacent pieces of tissue are simultaneously processed for conventional liquid emulsion autoradiography, and a semiautomated grain counting program is used to measure the silver grain density at regions corresponding to the same sites used for structural measurements. An estimate of chondrocyte biosynthetic activity in terms of grains per cell is obtained by dividing the value for grain density by that for cell density. In this paper, the newly developed methodology was applied to characterize the zone-specific behavior of adult articular cartilage in the free-swelling state. Cylinders of young adult bovine articular cartilage were labelled with either [3H]proline or [35S]sulfate, and chondrocyte biosynthesis and structural parameters were measured from the articular surface to the tidemark. The results showed that chondrocytes of the radial zone occupied twice the volume and surface area of the chondrocytes of the superficial zone but were 10 times more synthetically active. This efficient and unbiased technique may prove useful in studying the correlation between mechanically induced changes in cell form and biosynthetic activity within inhomogeneous tissue as well as metabolic changes in cartilage due to ageing and disease.
Structural modification of silica glass by laser scanning (2004)

The thermophysical nature of rapid CO2 laser heating of silica glass is explored using a numerical simulation that considers the structural state of the glass, as characterized by the fictive temperature. The fictive temperature reflects the thermodynamic temperature at which the glass structure would be in equilibrium. To demonstrate that the thermophysical model can accurately predict the structural change in the glass, the fictive temperature is measured experimentally utilizing the fact that the fictive temperature change corresponds to a change of glass properties that can be revealed through wet chemical etching. The relationship between the etch rate and the fictive temperature is determined by preparing and etching samples of known fictive temperature. Wet chemical etching is used to measure the fictive temperature over the entire laser affected zone and the results are found to compare favorably with the results of the thermophysical model. The model and experimental measurements demonstrate that rapid laser processing results in an increased fictive temperature near the surface of the glass. The fictive temperature increase is about 1000 K and is uniform to within 5% over the laser affected zone. Near the boundary of this zone, the fictive temperature transitions abruptly to the value of the surrounding untreated glass.
Strong near field enhancement in THz nano-antenna arrays (2013)

A key issue in modern photonics is the ability to concentrate light into very small volumes, thus enhancing its interaction with quantum objects of sizes much smaller than the wavelength. In the microwave domain, for many years this task has been successfully performed by antennas, built from metals that can be considered almost perfect at these frequencies. Antenna-like concepts have been recently extended into the THz and up to the visible, however metal losses increase and limit their performances. In this work we experimentally study the light coupling properties of dense arrays of subwavelength THz antenna microcavities. We demonstrate that the combination of array layout with subwavelength electromagnetic confinement allows for 10(4)-fold enhancement of the electromagnetic energy density inside the cavities, despite the low quality factor of a single element. This effect is quantitatively described by an analytical model that can be applied for the optimization of any nanoantenna array.
A novel step stack NOR cell for low voltage flash (1998)

In a stack NOR flash cell, a small vertical (step) channel has been added to the conventional horizontal channel, to reduce the operating voltages for CHE injection and FN ejection. Devices and processes have been optimized based on extensive 2D simulations, with hardware results showing a 1-1.5 V reduction in the drain voltage requirement, and more than one order of magnitude increase in injection efficiency.
Skin-touch-actuated textile-based triboelectric nanogenerator with black phosphorus for durable biomechanical energy harvesting (2018)

Textiles that are capable of harvesting biomechanical energy via triboelectric effects are of interest for self-powered wearable electronics. Fabrication of conformable and durable textiles with high triboelectric outputs remains challenging. Here we propose a washable skin-touch-actuated textile-based triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting mechanical energy from both voluntary and involuntary body motions. Black phosphorus encapsulated with hydrophobic cellulose oleoyl ester nanoparticles serves as a synergetic electron-trapping coating, rendering a textile nanogenerator with long-term reliability and high triboelectricity regardless of various extreme deformations, severe washing, and extended environmental exposure. Considerably high output (~250-880 V, ~0.48-1.1 µA cm<sup>-2</sup>) can be attained upon touching by hand with a small force (~5 N) and low frequency (~4 Hz), which can power light-emitting diodes and a digital watch. This conformable all-textile-nanogenerator is incorporable onto cloths/skin to capture the low output of 60 V from subtle involuntary friction with skin, well suited for users' motion or daily operations.
Assessment of Complication Types and Rates Related to Diagnostic Angiography and Interventional Neuroradiologic Procedures (1998)

We determined the types and rates of complications related to diagnostic angiography and neuroradiologic interventional procedures at a centre that carries out the full spectrum of angiographic procedures. The occurrence of immediate and delayed complications in 1929 neuroangiographic procedures (1358 diagnostic and 571 interventional) performed between the years 1993-1996 was prospectively identified and recorded on a daily basis. A retrospective review of all charts of patients having procedures conducted during the study period was also carried out to ensure that no complications were missed. The overall complication rate for diagnostic cerebral angiography was 2.2%. Puncture site complications ranged from 0 - 0.1 %. Vessel injury distal to the puncture site ranged from 0.2 - 0.6%. The temporary neurologic complication rate was 0.3%, while the permanent rate was 0.4%. There were no contrast reactions. The death rate was 0.1 %. Interventional procedures had higher incidences of complications with overall rates ranging from 5.3 - 33%. Temporary and permanent neurologic deficits occurred at a rate of 0 - 10.5% depending upon the procedure involved. Individual complication and death rates and complication categories are provided for arteriovenous malformation embolisation, tumour embolisation, temporary balloon occlusion tests, detachable balloon vessel sacrifice, urokinase infusion, angioplasty, papavarine infusion, GDC embolisation, and carotid cavernous fistula embolisation. When carried out in experienced hands, neuroangiography and neurointervention are relatively safe with low incidences of neurologic and non-neurologic complications. Knowledge of these rates is important when counselling patients prior to treatments or deciding upon the risk-benefit ratio of preoperative procedures.