gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Mechanism of Adsorption of β‐Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide on Graphene Sheets: Experiment and Theory (2009)

Beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) and its reduced form (NADH) play major roles in the development of electrochemical enzyme biosensors and biofuel cells. Unfortunately, the oxidation of NADH at carbon electrodes suffers from passivation of the electrodes and a decrease in passing currents. Here, we investigate experimentally and theoretically the reasons for such passivation. High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS), voltammetry, and amperometry show that adsorption occurs on the edges and "edge-like" defects of graphene sheets. HR-XPS and ab initio molecular dynamics show that the adsorption of NAD(+) molecules on the edges of graphene happens due to interaction with oxygen-containing groups such as carboxylic groups, while graphene edges substituted only with hydrogen are prone to passivation.
A sub-optimum MLSE detector with a folded state-transition trellis preselection stage (2000)

The maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) multiuser detector has a very good performance but at the expense of the exponentially increasing number of states with the number of users. A scheme that folds up the original trellis to reduce the number of states involved has been proposed by Sim and Cruickshank (see Proceedings of the 1999 49th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, p.846-50, 1999). In this paper, the folded trellis detector is combined with the MLSE. The main idea here is to use the folded trellis which has a linear complexity to preselect a subset of the bit-combinations and then apply the MLSE to this much smaller set.
Monodisperse Nanoparticle Synthesis by an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Process:  An Example of a Visible Light Photocatalyst (2004)

An atmospheric pressure plasma-enhanced nanoparticle synthesis (APPENS) process was proposed to produce a titania-based visible light photocatalyst. The titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) precursor was vaporized with a N2 carrier gas and entered a nonthermal AC plasma system. The N2 gas was dissociated into N atoms by the plasma energy, and then they were doped into the precursor vapors. The produced TiO2-xNx nanoparticles were highly uniform and adjustable in size. The titania-based particle sizes ranged from 25 to 40 nm, and they depended on the precursor ratio of TTIP/H2O. In addition to producing the photocatalytic particles, the APPENS process has a potential application as a continuous-flow nanosize monodisperse aerosol generator.
Synergistic antileukemic interactions between 2-medroxyestradiol (2-ME) and histone deacetylase inhibitors involve Akt down-regulation and oxidative stress (2005)

Interactions between the endogenous estradiol metabolite 2-medroxyestradiol (2-ME) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) have been investigated in human leukemia cells. Coadministration of subtoxic or marginally toxic concentrations of 2-ME and SAHA or sodium butyrate in diverse human leukemia-cell types resulted in a marked increase in oxidative damage (eg, generation of reactive oxygen species [ROSs]), mitochondrial injury (eg, cytochrome c release and Bax translocation), caspase activation, and apoptosis. These interactions were also noted in primary human leukemia cells but not in normal bone marrow CD34+ cells. Synergistic interactions between these agents were associated with inactivation of Akt and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Essentially all of these events were reversed by free radical scavengers such as the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mimetic TBAP and catalase. Notably, treatment with 2-ME/HDACIs resulted in down-regulation of thioredoxin, MnSOD, and glutathione peroxidase. Enforced activation of Akt blocked 2-ME/HDACI-mediated mitochondrial injury, caspase activation, and JNK up-regulation, but not generation of ROSs. Pharmacologic or genetic (siRNA) interruption of the JNK pathway also significantly attenuated the lethality of this regimen. Together, these findings support a model in which antileukemic synergism between 2-ME and HDACIs stems primarily from induction of oxidative damage, leading in turn to Akt inactivation and JNK activation, culminating in mitochondrial injury and apoptosis. They also raise the possibility that these events may preferentially occur in leukemic versus normal hematopoietic cells.
Novel TDR Test Method for Diagnosis of Interconnect Failures Using Automatic Test Equipment (2017)

This paper suggests a novel efficient interconnect failure diagnosis method, which is dubbed as “time of propagation delay pass fail (TPDPF),” employing time domain reflectometry (TDR). The proposed TPDPF has been applied to diagnose the interconnect failures in a high parallelism probe card with the TDR function of automatic test equipment (ATE), which has been exclusively used in calibrating the channel length skews. It has been shown that the TPDPF method could be very efficient in the diagnosis of the interconnect failures with the help of a short-end fixture (a metal wafer), which is also proposed in this paper. To check the validity of the proposed TPDPF method, an automatic probe card diagnosis system was constructed, and it turned out to take only a few minutes to diagnose the whole interconnects in a high parallelism probe card. Furthermore, the implemented diagnosis system does not require skilled hands due to its automatic execution, and it enables about a 20× enhancement of the efficiency of the probe card management and wafer testing.
Characterizing the intelligence analysis process through a longitudinal field study: Implications for visual analytics (2012)

While intelligence analysis has been a primary target domain for visual analytics system development, relatively little user and task analysis has been conducted within this area. Our research community’s understanding of the work processes and practices of intelligence analysts is not deep enough to adequately address their needs. Without a better understanding of the analysts and their problems, we cannot build visual analytics systems that integrate well with their work processes and truly provide benefit to them. In order to close this knowledge gap, we conducted a longitudinal, observational field study of intelligence analysts in training within the intelligence program at Mercyhurst College. We observed three teams of analysts, each working on an intelligence problem for a 10-week period. Based on the findings of the study, we describe and characterize processes and methods of intelligence analysis that we observed, make clarifications regarding the processes and practices, and suggest design implications for visual analytics systems for intelligence analysis.
Direct conversion of an oligopeptide from a β-sheet to an α-helix: A model for amyloid formation (1997)

A 16-amino acid oligopeptide forms a stable beta-sheet structure in water. In physiological solutions it is able to self-assemble to form a macroscopic matrix that stains with Congo red. On raising the temperature of the aqueous solution above 70 degrees C, an abrupt structural transition occurs in the CD spectra from a beta-sheet to a stable alpha-helix without a detectable random-coil intermediate. With cooling, it retained the alpha-helical form and took several weeks at room temperature to partially return to the beta-sheet form. Slow formation of the stable beta-sheet structure thus shows kinetic irreversibility. Such a formation of very stable beta-sheet structures is found in the amyloid of a number of neurological diseases. This oligopeptide could be a model system for studying the protein conformational changes that occurs in scrapie or Alzheimer disease. The abrupt and direct conversion from a beta-sheet to an alpha-helix may also be found in other processes, such as protein folding and protein-protein interaction. Furthermore, such drastic structure changes may also be exploited in biomaterials designed as sensors to detect environmental changes.
ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration and evaluation environment (1993)

Abstract Computer communication systems must undergo significant changes to keep pace with the increasingly demanding and diverse multimedia applications that will run on the next generation of high‐performance networks. To facilitate these changes, we are developing A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration and evaluation Environment (ADAPTIVE). ADAPTIVE provides an integrated environment for developing and experimenting with flexible transport system architectures that support lightweight and adaptive communication protocols for diverse multimedia applications running on high‐performance networks. Our approach employs a collection of reusable ‘building‐block’ protocol mechanisms that may be composed together automatically based upon functional specifications. The resulting protocols execute in parallel on several target platforms including shared‐memory and message‐passing multiprocessors. ADAPTIVE provides a framework for (1) determining the functionality of customized lightweight protocol configurations that efficiently support multimedia applications and (2) mapping this functionality onto efficient parallel process architectures.
Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Blood Pressure Nondipping Profile in Untreated Hypertension (2009)

This study documents a significant increase of a blunted nocturnal BP decline in patients with MS. Patients with MS were also characterized by elevated values of relevant markers of cardiovascular risk, including fibrinogen and globular sedimentation rate.
Polarization beam smoothing for inertial confinement fusion (2000)

For both direct and indirect drive approaches to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) it is imperative to obtain the best possible drive beam uniformity. The approach chosen for the National Ignition Facility uses a random-phase plate to generate a speckle pattern with a precisely controlled envelope on target. A number of temporal smoothing techniques can then be employed to utilize bandwidth to rapidly change the speckle pattern, and thus average out the small-scale speckle structure. One technique which generally can supplement other smoothing methods is polarization smoothing (PS): the illumination of the target with two distinct and orthogonally polarized speckle patterns. Since these two polarizations do not interfere, the intensity patterns add incoherently, and the rms nonuniformity can be reduced by a factor of √. A number of PS schemes are described and compared on the basis of the aggregate rms and the spatial spectrum of the focused illumination distribution. The √ rms nonuniformity reduction of PS is present on an instantaneous basis and is, therefore, of particular interest for the suppression of laser plasma instabilities, which have a very rapid response time. When combining PS and temporal methods, such as smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD), PS can reduce the rms of the temporally smoothed illumination by an additional factor of √. However, it has generally been thought that in order to achieve this reduction of √, the increased divergence of the beam from PS must exceed the divergence of SSD. It is also shown here that, over the time scales of interest to direct or indirect drive ICF, under some conditions PS can reduce the smoothed illumination rms by nearly √ even when the PS divergence is much smaller than that of SSD.
P<sub>2</sub>Et Phosphazene: A Mild, Functional Group Tolerant Base for Soluble, Room Temperature Pd-Catalyzed C–N, C–O, and C–C Cross-Coupling Reactions (2015)

The non-nucleophilic organic superbase P2Et phosphazene can enable a broad range of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, including C-C, C-N, and C-O couplings of aryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides at room temperature. The mildness and substrate compatibility of this chemistry can deliver immediate synthetic utility for the preparation of complex molecules.
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 9, Revision 4 (FGE.09Rev4): Secondary alicyclic saturated and unsaturated alcohols, ketones and esters containing secondary alicyclic alcohols from chemical group 8 and 30, and an ester of a phenol derivative from chemical group 25 (2012)

<p>The Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids of the European Food Safety Authority was requested to evaluate 21 flavouring substances in the Flavouring Group Evaluation 9, Revision 4, using the Procedure in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000. The present revision of FGE.09 includes the assessment of four additional flavouring substances, p-menthan-3-one [FL-no: 07.059], 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one [FL-no: 07.202], l-piperitone [FL-no: 07.255] and menthol 1-and 2-propylene glycol carbonate [FL-no: 09.843]. None of the substances were considered to have genotoxic potential. The substances were evaluated through a stepwise approach (the Procedure) that integrates information on structure-activity relationships, intake from current uses, toxicological threshold of concern, and available data on metabolism and toxicity. The Panel concluded that the 20 substances [FL-no: 02.070, 02.075, 02.135, 02.167, 06.136, 07.059, 07.202, 07.203, 07.255, 09.154, 09.355, 09.520, 09.618, 09.619, 09.621, 09.843, 09.870, 09.929, 09.935 and 09.949] do not give rise to safety concerns at their levels of dietary intake, estimated on the basis of the MSDI approach. For the remaining candidate substance [FL-no: 07.207], additional toxicity data are requested (further metabolism and/or toxicity studies). Besides the safety assessment of these flavouring substances, the specifications for the materials of commerce have been considered. Specifications including complete purity criteria and identity for the materials of commerce have been provided for all candidate substances.</p>
Measurement of Excited States Density and the VUV‐Radiation in the Pulsed Xenon Medium Pressure Discharge (1996)

Abstract Time resolved absolute density measurements of the 1 s 5 (metastable) and 1 s 4 (resonance) level in the positive column of a pulsed xenon gas discharge for gas pressures between 1 and 40 Torr and currents between 100 and 300 mA are presented. The densities ranged from 1 × 10 11 to 5 × 10 12 cm −3 and were found to be ten times larger in the afterglow than in the active part of the discharge. The enhanced radiation obtained in the afterglow in the near infrared regions as well as in the VUV region is caused by a dissociative recombination and formation of excimer states.
Optofluidic variable aperture (2008)

A variable aperture has been fabricated and demonstrated using polydimethylsiloxane-based optofluidic technology. The device consists of a deformable membrane, an air pressure chamber, a cavity filled with light-absorbing liquid, and a rigid transparent upper plate. The working principle of the device is based on the deformable capability of the thin membrane structure and its resultant contact with the rigid plate. The contact area can be easily controlled by varying the air volume introduced and hence can serve as a light transmission aperture. Experimental results show that aperture diameter can be continuously changed from zero to 6.35 mm.
Unsupervised extrinsic calibration of depth sensors in dynamic scenes (2013)

While inexpensive depth sensors are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, field of view and self-occlusion constraints limit the information a single sensor can provide. For many applications one may instead require a network of depth sensors, registered to a common world frame and synchronized in time. Historically such a setup has required a tedious manual calibration procedure, making it infeasible to deploy these networks in the wild, where spatial and temporal drift are common. In this work, we propose an entirely unsupervised procedure for calibrating the relative pose and time offsets of a pair of depth sensors. So doing, we make no use of an explicit calibration target, or any intentional activity on the part of a user. Rather, we use the unstructured motion of objects in the scene to find potential correspondences between the sensor pair. This yields a rough transform which is then refined with an occlusion-aware energy minimization. We compare our results against the standard checkerboard technique, and provide qualitative examples for scenes in which such a technique would be impossible.
Evaluation of Crack Propagation Properties of Asphalt Mixtures (1997)

Current failure criteria of asphalt pavements are either empirical or assume linear elastic material response and use a single load level to relate the number of load repetitions to fatigue failure. To better understand the crack propagation properties of asphalt pavements, laboratory tests and nonlinear analysis were performed to evaluate the low-temperature fracture parameters of conventional asphalt concrete and asphalt-rubber mixture. Two approaches based on nonlinear fracture mechanics, the compliance approach and the R-Curve approach, were used. Beam specimens were prepared with different binder contents and tested under three-point bending flexural conditions at two test temperatures. A closed-loop servohydraulic test system was used with the crack mouth opening as the control parameter. Nonlinear fracture parameters were obtained at different stages of crack propagation. Results show that the asphalt-rubber mixture has higher fracture toughness and consequently larger resistance to cracking than asphalt concrete. Also, the asphalt-rubber mixture is less sensitive to temperature than asphalt concrete. Increasing the binder content increased the toughness values for both asphalt concrete and asphalt-rubber mixture in most cases. The R-Curve approach provides a good measure of characterizing the fracture behavior of asphalt mixtures.
Preparation of Functional Silica Aerogels Using Ionic Liquids as Solvents (2002)

A new methodology has been developed to prepare functional silica aerogels using ionic liquids. This methodology makes use of the unique solvent properties of ionic liquids (negligible vapor pressure and tonicity), allowing application of long aging times without macroscopic phase segregation between ionic liquids and the silica network. The long ambient aging time also ensures development of stable silica networks so that the ionic liquids can be extracted and dried without collapse of the silica network.
Solid-supported reagents in the determination of cannabinoids in plasma (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid-supported reagents in the determination of cannabinoids in plasmaJ. M. Rosenfeld, R. A. McLeod, and R. L. FoltzCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 4, 716–721Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00295a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00295a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Apoptosis and tumor remission in liver tumor xenografts by 4-phenylbutyrate. (2003)

4-phenylbutyrate (triButyrate trade mark, PB) a derivative of the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate, possesses anti-tumor activity in vitro in different tumor cell lines. Unlike most cytostatic compounds, PB possesses low toxicity. In order to evaluate possible clinical use of PB in cancer therapy, hepatocarcinoma (Hep3B) and hepatoblastoma (HepT1) cell lines, as well as xenografts derived from those in nude rats, were treated with PB in different dose (1-100 mM) and time regimens. Treatment with 10 mM of PB for 24 h (or 5 mM for 48 h) was shown to significantly inhibit Hep3B cell growth in vitro. The HepT1 cell line was more sensitive to PB treatment: already 1 mM of PB for 24 h significantly inhibited the growth of the cells. PB also resulted in regression of xenografts derived from these cell lines in vivo, when administrated by mini-pump with an intratumor catheter, yielding 20 micro mol of PB per cm3 of tumor volume per day. TUNEL assay and caspase-3 activity measurements suggested apoptosis to be the cell death mechanism in both cell lines and xenografts. Increased histones H3 and H4 acetylation was shown in both cells and xenografts, and the inhibition of histone deacetylase is proposed as the main trigger for the anti-tumor action of PB. Concomitant induction of p21Waf1/Cip1 expression was detected by RNase protection assay and Western blotting. Reduction in expression of alpha-fetoprotein was found both in Hep3B cells and xenografts, suggesting also a differentiation effect by PB.
J2 for Windows (1995)

article Free Access Share on J2 for Windows Author: Dick Bowman London, England London, EnglandView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGAPL APL Quote QuadVolume 26Issue 1Sept. 1995 pp 49–55https://doi.org/10.1145/216800.216809Online:01 September 1995Publication History 1citation37DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads37Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A Framework for Automatic Text Generation of Trends in Physiological Time Series Data (2013)

Health monitoring systems using wearable sensors have rapidly grown in the biomedical community. The main challenges in physiological data monitoring are to analyse large volumes of health measurements and to represent the acquired information. Natural language generation is an effective method to create summaries for both clinicians and patients as it can describe useful information extracted from sensor data in textual format. This paper presents a framework of a natural language generation system that provides a text-based representation of the extracted numeric information from physiological sensor signals. More specifically, a new partial trend detection algorithm is introduced to capture the particular changes and events of health parameters. The extracted information is then represented considering linguistic characterisation of numeric features. Experimental analysis was performed using a wearable sensor and demonstrates a possible output in natural language text.
New entry for asymmetric deoxyazasugar synthesis: syntheses of deoxymannojirimycin, deoxyaltrojirimycin and deoxygalactostatin (1999)

Deoxyazasugars such as deoxymannojirimycin, deoxyaltrojirimycin and deoxygalactostatin were stereoselectively synthesized starting from (R)-(+)-4-methoxycarbonyloxazolidinone via a bicyclic oxazolidinylpiperidine as a common synthetic intermediate.