gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The indigenous coastal Californian population of the mushroom <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>, a cultivated species, may be at risk of extinction (1998)

This study employed nuclear and mitochondrial markers to assess the present‐day composition of the population of Agaricus bisporus in coastal California. Favourable weather in the fall, winter and spring of 1990–91 furnished an uncommon opportunity to collect and study field material of the ‘button mushroom’ A. bisporus , a cultivated species, from the region. The previous such season occurred 13 years earlier. Ninety‐five nonredundant cultures from field material were prepared and genotypically characterized. These data were combined with data from earlier studies. Multilocus nuclear and mitochondrial genotypes were determined for 123 individuals. Genotypes were compared in pairwise fashion both within the sample and between this sample and others of diverse geographical origin or commercial provenance. Using parametric analysis and cluster analysis of nuclear similarities, and also mitochondrial data, two elements – indigenous and European – were apparent within the sample. This was consistent with our earlier results on a much smaller sample. At least 10 mitochondrial haplotypes (MTs) were present; based on genotypic similarities of associated nuclei, five (or six) MTs were Californian, four were European, and one was ambiguous. Based on MT origins, 54% of the 121 classifiable individuals in California were of European ancestry; natives constituted a minority at 46%. Even in the indigenous Monterey cypress habitat, where 84% of all individuals from California were sampled, non‐native A. bisporus appeared to have achieved parity (at 48–49%) with the native population. In all other habitats, which are far more extensive, European individuals outnumbered Californian natives by 4:1. Some evidence of hybridization between the two ancestral groups was found. European strains appear to have been resident in California for approximately one century. The extensive occupancy of the native habitat by non‐native germ plasm, the apparent inability of native strains to occupy or compete in non‐native habitats, and the disproportionately large inoculum reservoirs represented by non‐native habitat and agronomic activities all suggest that the native population is under considerable competitive pressure in what may be a very dynamic situation. If this surmise is correct, the native population may be at serious risk of further contraction, irreversible dilution through interbreeding, and possibly even extinction.
Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR in AML: Rationale and Clinical Evidence (2020)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy characterized by excessive proliferation and accumulation of immature myeloid blasts in the bone marrow. AML has a very poor 5-year survival rate of just 16% in the UK; hence, more efficacious, tolerable, and targeted therapy is required. Persistent leukemia stem cell (LSC) populations underlie patient relapse and development of resistance to therapy. Identification of critical oncogenic signaling pathways in AML LSC may provide new avenues for novel therapeutic strategies. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, is often hyperactivated in AML, required to sustain the oncogenic potential of LSCs. Growing evidence suggests that targeting key components of this pathway may represent an effective treatment to kill AML LSCs. Despite this, accruing significant body of scientific knowledge, PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors have not translated into clinical practice. In this article, we review the laboratory-based evidence of the critical role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in AML, and outcomes from current clinical studies using PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors. Based on these results, we discuss the putative mechanisms of resistance to PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition, offering rationale for potential candidate combination therapies incorporating PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors for precision medicine in AML.
Innovation in a chemical reaction process using a supercritical water microreaction system: environmentally friendly production of ε-caprolactam (2002)

Our microreaction system using supercritical water solutions achieves nearly 100% yield and 100% selectivity for epsilon-caprolactam production at reaction times shorter than 1 s.
A Comparison between Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Incremental Capacity-Differential Voltage as Li-ion Diagnostic Techniques to Identify and Quantify the Effects of Degradation Modes within Battery Management Systems (2017)

Degradation of Lithium-ion batteries is a complex process that is caused by a variety of mechanisms. For simplicity, ageing mechanisms are often grouped into three degradation modes (DMs): conductivity loss (CL), loss of active material (LAM) and loss of lithium inventory (LLI). State of Health (SoH) is typically the parameter used by the Battery Management System (BMS) to quantify battery degradation based on the decrease in capacity and the increase in resistance. However, the definition of SoH within a BMS does not currently include an indication of the underlying DMs causing the degradation. Previous studies have analysed the effects of the DMs using incremental capacity and differential voltage (IC-DV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The aim of this study is to compare IC-DV and EIS on the same data set to evaluate if both techniques provide similar insights into the causes of battery degradation. For an experimental case of parallelized cells aged differently, the effects due to LAM and LLI were found to be the most pertinent, outlining that both techniques are correlated. This approach can be further implemented within a BMS to quantify the causes of battery ageing which would support battery lifetime control strategies and future battery designs.
Development and Evaluation of Prototype Transparent Electrodynamic Screen (EDS) Integrated Solar Collectors for Automated Dust Removal (2014)

The integration of transparent electro-dynamic screen (EDS) on the front surface of solar mirrors and glass cover plates of photovoltaic panels has a strong potential to significantly reduce the frequency of water-based cleaning needed to mitigate losses from dust depositions present in arid regions. The objective of our research was to develop and evaluate prototype transparent EDS-integrated mirrors and solar panels for their self-cleaning functions, with an aim to keep the collectors clean at a low cost without water or manual labor. This paper focuses on the design, fabrication, and laboratory evaluation of a prototype EDS integrated second surface mirrors and solar panels. The EDS consists of a set of parallel transparent electrodes screen-printed on the optical surface and embedded in a thin transparent dielectric film. By applying three-phase, low current, low frequency high voltage-pulses to the electrodes, electro-dynamic repulsion forces and a traveling wave are created for removing dust particles from the surface of the collectors. Design and construction of an environmental test chamber to simulate different atmospheric conditions of semi-arid and arid areas with respect to temperature, RH, and dust deposition conditions are briefly described. A non-contact specular reflectometer was designed, constructed and calibrated for measuring specular reflection efficiency of the mirrors. Laboratory evaluation of the performance of the EDS-integrated collectors was completed using humidity controlled environment test chamber where the prototype mirrors and panels were examined for their self-cleaning action. In each experiment, the solar collectors were loaded with dust until the specular reflectance of the test mirror or the short circuit current of the panel showed a significant decrease. The EDS was then operated for one minute and the relative output was recorded. The results show that the specular reflectivity of EDS mirrors and the short circuit current of the EDS panels can be restored by more than 90% of the values measured under the clean conditions.
Three-wave and four-wave forward phase-conjugate imaging in photorefractive bismuth silicon oxide (1990)

Phase-conjugate images in the forward direction are obtained by a new type of four-wave interaction and by the Heer-Griffin type of three-wave interaction. The nonlinear medium is bismuth silicon oxide in which the interaction is optimized by detuning the input beam(s). Measurements are made for several test objects and interbeam angles.
Epidemiological study of multiple sclerosis in Hong Kong Chinese: questionnaire survey. (2002)

Multiple sclerosis in Hong Kong Chinese has a low prevalence, a high female to male ratio, and a low cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal banding presence.
Temperature Characteristics of Electret Condenser Microphones (2006)

A microphone should be robust when it is used for the mobile equipments. Generally in diaphragm electret type, as the temperature characteristic of diaphragm stiffness and gain characteristic of FET is opposite. These properties make the temperature characteristics of the sensitivity compensated to be almost flat. On the other hand, as fixed electrode electret type using PET diaphragm which has the same temperature coefficient as FET, consequently it is difficult to compensate the temperature characteristics. It is insufficient to say that still it is robust to temperature. In order to improve the temperature characteristic, an evaluation method about the temperature dependence of acoustic characteristics of electret condenser microphone is proposed. This report refers to the temperature dependence of the dominant parameter which the sensitivity of the microphone is being determined, and reported about the design method of the microphone that a temperature characteristic is stable. Finally, the silicone of the inorganic material is applied to the diaphragm and source follower circuit is effective about the high temperature 80 degrees C in impedance converter The possibility of electret condenser microphone which has a flat temperature characteristic was proposed.
Development of Low Voltage Network Templates—Part I: Substation Clustering and Classification (2014)

In order to improve low voltage (LV) network visibility without extensive monitoring and integrate low carbon technologies (LCTs) in a cost-effective manner, this paper proposes a novel three-stage network load profiling method. It uses real-time information monitored from selective representative areas to develop network templates. The three stages are: clustering, classification and scaling. It can be used to identify the loading conditions of unmonitored LV systems with similar fixed data to those monitored LV substations. In the clustering stage, hierarchical clustering and K-means are used to cluster substations into groups based on the shape of the monitored load profiles. The classification tool designed with multinomial logistic regression maps an unmonitored LV substation into the most probable templates by using routinely available fixed data. Finally, clusterwise weighted constrained regression is employed to estimate peak for individual LV substations and the developed templates. The three-stage profiling is demonstrated on a practical system in the U.K. under the umbrella of a smart grid trail project. Ten LV templates are developed by using the metered data from 800 monitored LV substations. A comprehensive comparison between the estimated peaks using the three-stage process and the metered peaks suggests that the methodology can achieve superior accuracy. This is part I of the paper, introducing clustering and classification. The scaling (peak estimation) process will be introduced in part II of the paper.
Docking study and free energy simulation of the complex between p53 DNA‐binding domain and azurin (2007)

Molecular interaction between p53 tumor suppressor and the copper protein azurin (AZ) has been demonstrated to enhance p53 stability and hence antitumoral function, opening new perspectives in cancer treatment. While some experimental work has provided evidence for AZ binding to p53, no crystal structure for the p53-AZ complex was solved thus far. In this work the association between AZ and the p53 DNA-binding domain (DBD) was investigated by computational methods. Using a combination of rigid-body protein docking, experimental mutagenesis information, and cluster analysis 10 main p53 DBD-AZ binding modes were generated. The resulting structures were further characterized by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations. We found that the highest scored docking conformation for the p53 DBD-AZ complex also yielded the most favorable free energy value. This best three-dimensional model for the complex was validated by using a computational mutagenesis strategy. In this structure AZ binds to the flexible L(1) and s(7)-s(8) loops of the p53 DBD and stabilizes them through protein-protein tight packing interactions, resulting in high degree of both surface matching and electrostatic complementarity.
Heparan Sulfate Control of Proliferation and Differentiation in the Stem Cell Niche (2007)

Tissue-specific stem cell populations are established in "niches," anatomic locations with precise biochemical and cellular configurations that regulate their release and participation in tissue generation, maintenance, and repair. Niches have evolved to protect and perpetuate the self-renewing, undifferentiated state of the cells within and to regulate the rate of production of committed, tissue-specific progenitors. A niche thus integrates the cell growth, cell adhesion, and cell-cell signals that mediate the balanced response of stem cells to the needs of the organism. One constituent of every niche with the capacity to mediate almost all of the required functions is the glycosaminoglycan sugar heparan sulfate. This sugar is a master regulator of mitogenic and adhesive molecule behavior with the ability to rapidly change its binding affinities on the cell surface. Its properties may be the key to understanding the interplay between stem cells and their niche that creates the dynamic system necessary for sustaining tissues. As such, it has great promise for the design of tissue-specific stem cell therapeutics.
Fix Page Fault in Post-Copy Live Migration with RemotePF Page Table Assistant (2018)

While using post-copy algorithm for virtual machine (VM) live migration, guest operating system access to a not-yet-transferred memory page will cause a page fault(PF). Destination host should send page request to source host to get the missing page. If the VM is not being migrated, Xen hypervisor will fix the PF by itself. But, the page fault information does not contain the VM's migration status. So, Xen has to deliver all the page faults, to an independent page fault handler unit, whether it is caused by post-copy live migration or not. Let the monitor do the judgment and make decision. This will reduce the VM performance especially while the VM at non-migration status. In this paper, we design and implement a new Xen page table assistant named as RemotePF(Remote Page Fault). RemotePF is used to identify the VM migration status. So, Xen could skip the page fault handle unit and get the VM migration status directly from RemotePF. We implemented the post-copy live migration algorithm and RemotePF page table assistant (PTA) for Xen. The experimental results show that RemotePF can accurately identify the VM migration status, reduce page faults fixing time, and has little influence on the normal running VM.
Audio-based deep music emotion recognition (2018)

As the rapid development of multimedia networking, more and more songs are issued through the Internet and stored in large digital music libraries. However, music information retrieval on these libraries can be really hard, and the recognition of musical emotion is especially challenging. In this paper, we report a strategy to recognize the emotion contained in songs by classifying their spectrograms, which contain both the time and frequency information, with a convolutional neural network (CNN). The experiments conducted on the l000-song dataset indicate that the proposed model outperforms traditional machine learning method.
In vitro and in vivo pharmacology of olmesartan medoxomil, an angiotensin II type AT1 receptor antagonist (2001)

Olmesartan medoxomil is a new non-peptide angiotensin (A) II antagonist under development for treating hypertension. It is a pro-drug containing an ester moiety that, after oral administration, is rapidly cleaved to release the active form olmesartan (RNH-6270). In vitro, olmesartan is a highly potent, competitive and selective All AT1 receptor antagonist with almost no antagonistic activity on AT2 and AT4 receptors. Olmesartan produces selective insurmountable inhibition of All-induced contractions of the guinea-pig aorta and is much more potent than losartan in reducing maximal responses. In vivo, intravenous olmesartan produces a rapid and long-lasting inhibition of All-induced pressor responses in conscious rats. Oral olmesartan medoxomil also inhibits All-pressor response but onset of the action is slower compared with intravenous administration. Following oral administration, olmesartan has a faster onset but similar potency when compared with candesartan cilexetil, and clearly exceeds losartan in both respects. Oral olmesartan medoxomil exhibits dose-dependent antihypertensive effects in several rat and dog models, with the most marked effects seen in high plasma renin models, when compared with normal or low renin types. Haemodynamic studies in spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive dogs showed intravenous olmesartan selectively reduces renal vascular resistance, which suggests that vasodilatation in the renal vascular bed contributes most to the antihypertensive action of the drug. Long-term treatment with olmesartan medoxomil exhibits, beside antihypertensive effects, beneficial effects in animal models of various types of nephrosis and heart failure, and anti-atherogenic effects in hyperlipidaemic animals. Olmesartan medoxomil is worthy of clinical development in essential and renal hypertension, particularly where renal function is threatened by underlying diabetic disease.
Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of <i>N</i>-Sulfonylaziridines:  Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Linear Polyamines (2005)

Sulfonylaziridines have been identified as excellent monomers for living ring-opening polymerization initiated by nucleophilic sulfonylamides. The resulting polymers exhibit low polydispersities and controllable molecular weights. The enantiopurity of the monomer plays a key role: racemic samples yield soluble polymers of target molecular weights, while enantiopure samples produce insoluble polymers with molecular weights significantly below theoretical values. Dynamic light scattering and kinetics of polymerization are discussed.
Intact HCG, free HCG β subunit and HCG β core fragment: longitudinal patterns in urine during early pregnancy (2005)

Although intact HCG is usually regarded as the main analyte for detection and monitoring of early pregnancy, it can fluctuate markedly during early pregnancy. This variability could affect pregnancy test results based on early pregnancy urine, and may distort estimates of doubling time. Assays that combine several forms of HCG may be more reliable.
A new preparation of substituted 4<i>H</i>‐1‐benzothiopyran‐4‐ones from c(α)<i>N</i>‐benzoylhydrazones or c(α)<i>N</i>‐carboalkoxyhydrazones and methyl thiosalicylate (1998)

Abstract C(α) N ‐Benzoylhydrazones or C(α), N ‐carboalkoxyhydrazones were dilithiated with excess lithium diisopropylamide, and the dianion‐type intermediates were condensed with lithiated methyl thiosalicylate, followed by cyclization/hydrolysis to substituted 4 H ‐1‐benzothiopyran‐4‐ones (thioflavones/thiochromones).
Fluoroquinolone therapy in a rabbit model of post-LASIK methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus keratitis (2008)

Methicillin-resistant S aureus inoculation beneath a rabbit corneal flap produced an infection that was useful for quantitative microbiological studies. A significant advantage in using moxifloxacin relative to gatifloxacin was observed in prophylaxis of keratitis (P = .0001).
Disruption of circadian clocks has ramifications for metabolism, brain, and behavior (2011)

Circadian (daily) rhythms are present in almost all plants and animals. In mammals, a brain clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus maintains synchrony between environmental light/dark cycles and physiology and behavior. Over the past 100 y, especially with the advent of electric lighting, modern society has resulted in a round-the-clock lifestyle, in which natural connections between rest/activity cycles and environmental light/dark cycles have been degraded or even broken. Instances in which rapid changes to sleep patterns are necessary, such as transmeridian air travel, demonstrate negative effects of acute circadian disruption on physiology and behavior. However, the ramifications of chronic disruption of the circadian clock for mental and physical health are not yet fully understood. By housing mice in 20-h light/dark cycles, incongruous with their endogenous ∼24-h circadian period, we were able to model the effects of chronic circadian disruption noninvasively. Housing in these conditions results in accelerated weight gain and obesity, as well as changes in metabolic hormones. In the brain, circadian-disrupted mice exhibit a loss of dendritic length and decreased complexity of neurons in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex, a brain region important in executive function and emotional control. Disrupted animals show decreases in cognitive flexibility and changes in emotionality consistent with the changes seen in neural architecture. How our findings translate to humans living and working in chronic circadian disruption is unknown, but we believe that this model can provide a foundation to understand how environmental disruption of circadian rhythms impacts the brain, behavior, and physiology.
A new parallel architecture for sparse matrix computation based on finite projective geometries (1991)

Article A new parallel architecture for sparse matrix computation based on finite projective geometries Share on Author: Narendra Karmarkar AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ and Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ and Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, IndiaView Profile Authors Info & Claims Supercomputing '91: Proceedings of the 1991 ACM/IEEE conference on SupercomputingAugust 1991 Pages 358–369https://doi.org/10.1145/125826.126029Online:01 August 1991Publication History 10citation887DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations10Total Downloads887Last 12 Months12Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access