gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Auditory Display of Coarse Optical Imagery: Concept for a Rehabilitation Aid for Blind Spatial Orientation (2014)

Presented at the 20th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD2014), June 22-25, 2014, New York, NY.
Photonic Molecular Devices: Reversibly Photoswitchable Fluorophores for Nondestructive Readout for Optical Memory (1995)

The reversible photochemical conversion between the open form 1, a strong fluorophore, and the closed form containing a central, hexyl-substituted six-membered ring, which fluoresces only weakly, makes modulation of emitted light possible. This readily adjustable system is of interest for optical data storage. R = CH, counterion = CF3SO.
Linkage disequilibrium between the fragile X mutation and two closely linked CA repeats suggests that fragile X chromosomes are derived from a small number of founder chromosomes. (1993)

In order to investigate the origin of mutations responsible for the fragile X syndrome, two polymorphic CA repeats, one at 10 kb (FRAXAC2) and the other at 150 kb (DXS548) from the mutation target, were analyzed in normal and fragile X chromosomes. Contrary to observations made in myotonic dystrophy, fragile X mutations were not strongly associated with a single allele at the marker loci. However, significant differences in allelic and haplotypic distributions were observed between normal and fragile X chromosomes, indicating that a limited number of primary events may have been at the origin of most present-day fragile X chromosomes in Caucasian populations. We propose a putative scheme with six founder chromosomes from which most of the observed fragile X-linked haplotypes can be derived directly or by a single event at one of the marker loci, either a change of one repeat unit or a recombination between DXS548 and the mutation target. Such founder chromosomes may have carried a number of CGG repeats in an upper-normal range, from which recurrent multistep expansion mutations have arisen.
Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of baclofen analogs locked in the baclofen solid-state conformation (1991)

The synthesis of six close analogues of baclofen [3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-aminobutyric acid] (BAC), a potent GABAB agonist, are reported. The compounds were designed starting from the structural informations contained in the solid state of BAC, regarded as a possible bioactive conformation, in which the p-chlorophenyl ring is perpendicular to the GABA backbone. A similar conformational situation was created by rigidifying the BAC structure by means of methylene (1), ethylene (2 and 6), or propylene (3) units, or by introducing chlorine atoms (4 and 5) into the ortho positions ("ortho effect"). Only compound 5 showed affinity for the GABAB receptor. Compound 6 [1-(aminomethyl)-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-acetic acid], which was initially considered as representing the optimal mimic of the solid-state conformation of BAC, was surprisingly found inactive. An extensive conformational analysis was performed on compounds 1-6 in order to evaluate their flexibility and the overlap of their conformational population with respect to BAC. For this purpose a distance map was generated from three possible pharmacophoric groups: the amino and the carboxylic functions, and the phenyl ring. Finally, several explanations are proposed to account for the poor affinities of the prepared compounds such as steric hindrance or flexibility demand of the receptor.
Targeted Reduction of Vascular <i>Msx1</i> and <i>Msx2</i> Mitigates Arteriosclerotic Calcification and Aortic Stiffness in <i>LDLR</i>-Deficient Mice Fed Diabetogenic Diets (2014)

When fed high-fat diets, male LDLR(-/-) mice develop obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and arteriosclerotic calcification. An osteogenic Msx-Wnt regulatory program is concomitantly upregulated in the vasculature. To better understand the mechanisms of diabetic arteriosclerosis, we generated SM22-Cre;Msx1(fl/fl);Msx2(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) mice, assessing the impact of Msx1+Msx2 gene deletion in vascular myofibroblast and smooth muscle cells. Aortic Msx2 and Msx1 were decreased by 95% and 34% in SM22-Cre;Msx1(fl/fl);Msx2(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) animals versus Msx1(fl/fl);Msx2(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) controls, respectively. Aortic calcium was reduced by 31%, and pulse wave velocity, an index of stiffness, was decreased in SM22-Cre;Msx1(fl/fl);Msx2(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) mice vs. controls. Fasting blood glucose and lipids did not differ, yet SM22-Cre;Msx1(fl/fl);Msx2(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) siblings became more obese. Aortic adventitial myofibroblasts from SM22-Cre;Msx1(fl/fl);Msx2(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) mice exhibited reduced osteogenic gene expression and mineralizing potential with concomitant reduction in multiple Wnt genes. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Sca1, markers of aortic osteogenic progenitors, were also reduced, paralleling a 78% reduction in alkaline phosphatase (TNAP)-positive adventitial myofibroblasts. RNA interference revealed that although Msx1+Msx2 supports TNAP and Wnt7b expression, Msx1 selectively maintains Shh and Msx2 sustains Wnt2, Wnt5a, and Sca1 expression in aortic adventitial myofibroblast cultures. Thus, Msx1 and Msx2 support vascular mineralization by directing the osteogenic programming of aortic progenitors in diabetic arteriosclerosis.
Imidazole-5-acrylic acids: potent nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists designed using a novel peptide pharmacophore model (1992)

A series of novel nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists containing a substituted (E)-acrylic acid has been developed. The overlay of 1, an imidazole-5-acetic acid found in the patent literature, on a novel pharmacophore model of AII suggested that extension of the acid side chain and attachment of a second aryl residue to mimic the C-terminal phenylalanine region of AII would lead to increased activity. A study of extended acid side chains at C-5 of the imidazole nucleus led to the discovery of the (E)-acrylic acid 5 as a promising starting point for further exploration. As predicted by the modeling, substitution of a benzyl group on the acrylic acid side chain to mimic the phenylalanine gave increased potency. An extensive study of the SAR of the newly introduced aromatic ring revealed that electron-rich heteroaryl rings provided improved activity, most notably in the in vivo rat models. Compound 40, (E)-3-[2-butyl-1- [(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]imidazol-5-yl]-2-[(2-thienyl)methyl]-2- propenoic acid, has been shown to be a potent, competitive, and orally active small molecule AT-1 receptor antagonist. It exhibits a 2 orders of magnitude increase in binding affinity and a 10-fold improvement in in vivo potency as compared to compound 1 and represents an important milestone in the development of even more potent nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
Applicability of OSPF Topology-Transparent Zone (2014)

This document discusses the applicability of Topology-
Transparent It briefs the protocol and its operations first,
and then illustrates the application scenarios of OSPF Topology-
Transparent Zone. This document is intended for accompanying OSPF
Topology-Transparent Zone to the Internet standards track.
Far Infrared Reflection Spectra of Ba(Zn,Ta)O <sub>3</sub> ‐BaZrO <sub>3</sub> Dielectric Resonator Material (1986)

The dielectric ceramic materiala Ba(Zn 1/3 Ta 2/3 )O 3 –BaZrO 3 has extremely low dielectric loss at microwave frequencies. To investigate the lattice vibrations of Ba(Zn,Ta)O 3 and Ba(Zr, Zn, Ta)O 3 solid solutions, far infrared reflection spectra were measured from 50 to 4000 cm −1 using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. These data were analyzed according to the classical dispersion theory. The spectra of Ba(Zn,Ta)O 3 are well fitted by using the 14 resonant modes, and the spectra of Ba(Zr, Zn, Ta)O 3 solid solution are fitted by assuming the normal distribution on resonant frequencies. The damping constant of these materials is discussed, and the values of tan δ calculated from the dispersion parameters agree with the measured values.
Exploiting Early Tag Access for Reducing L1 Data Cache Energy in Embedded Processors (2013)

In this paper, we propose a new cache design technique, referred to as early tag access (ETA) cache, to improve the energy efficiency of data caches in embedded processors. The proposed technique performs ETAs to determine the destination ways of memory instructions before the actual cache accesses. It, thus, enables only the destination way to be accessed if a hit occurs during the ETA. The proposed ETA cache can be configured under two operation modes to exploit the tradeoffs between energy efficiency and performance. It is shown that our technique is very effective in reducing the number of ways accessed during cache accesses. This enables significant energy reduction with negligible performance overheads. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed ETA cache achieves over 52.8% energy reduction on average in the L1 data cache and translation lookaside buffer. Compared with the existing cache design techniques, the ETA cache is more effective in energy reduction while maintaining better performance.
Efficient Solar‐Driven Synthesis, Carbon Capture, and Desalinization, STEP: Solar Thermal Electrochemical Production of Fuels, Metals, Bleach (2011)

STEP (solar thermal electrochemical production) theory is derived and experimentally verified for the electrosynthesis of energetic molecules at solar energy efficiency greater than any photovoltaic conversion efficiency. In STEP the efficient formation of metals, fuels, chlorine, and carbon capture is driven by solar thermal heated endothermic electrolyses of concentrated reactants occuring at a voltage below that of the room temperature energy stored in the products. One example is CO(2) , which is reduced to either fuels or storable carbon at a solar efficiency of over 50% due to a synergy of efficient solar thermal absorption and electrochemical conversion at high temperature and reactant concentration. CO(2) -free production of iron by STEP, from iron ore, occurs via Fe(III) in molten carbonate. Water is efficiently split to hydrogen by molten hydroxide electrolysis, and chlorine, sodium, and magnesium from molten chlorides. A pathway is provided for the STEP decrease of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels to pre-industial age levels in 10 years.
280-Gb/s 320-km Transmission of Polarization-Division Multiplexed QAM-PAM with Stokes Vector Receiver (2017)

We propose a novel three-dimensional modulation scheme on Stokes space for metro and regional optical transmissions. Based on this scheme, 320-km transmission of 280-Gb/s 16QAM-PAM2 signals using a Stokes vector receiver is experimentally demonstrated.
N-Terminal Probrain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) in the Emergency Diagnosis and In-Hospital Monitoring of Patients with Dyspnoea and Ventricular Dysfunction (2004)

NT-proBNP is a new candidate marker for the detection and exclusion of ventricular dysfunction in patients attending the ED for acute dyspnoea. NT-proBNP may also serve to monitor outcome during hospitalization.
Correlation between the effect of sonic irradiation on the microfibrils of chitin and cellulose and the polarity of their chains (1976)

Abstract The effect of sonication on the morphology of microfibrils of chitins and celluloses was correlated with the polarity of their constituent chains. For given conditions, fibrillation of the microfibrils takes place when the polarity of the chains is antiparallel but not when it is parallel. If this correlation may be extended to cases of unknown structure, it permits an inference about the parallelity or antiparallelity of the chains of samples of both polymers where polarity cannot be determined directly.
Short Notices (1965)

Journal Article Short Notices Get access R. F. LESLIE R. F. LESLIE Queen Mary CollegeLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXX, Issue CCCXIV, January 1965, Pages 194-a–194, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXX.CCCXIV.194-a Published: 01 January 1965
<title>Visible-To-Infrared Image Converter For Dynamic Infrared Target Simulation Applications</title> (1980)

A visible-to-infrared image converter based on the Hughes 2-in. liquid-crystal light valve is under development at Hughes Research Laboratories. The system is designed to operate in the 2- to 5-μm and 8- to 12-μm spectral ranges. The device consists of an IR-visible transparent input substrate electrode; an IR-transparent, visible-sensitive photoconductor (CdS); and a thin layer of liquid crystal acting as the light modulator medium. The readout window is transparent in the IR range used. The required IR dynamic scenery, generated for convenience in a visible form (e.g., on a CRT), is projected onto the input window, thus activating the photoconductor. This spatial voltage pattern of the required image is transferred to the liquid crystal, thus converting the image to a birefringent spatial modulation. The polarized infrared readout beam projected through the light valve is modulated as it passes through the liquid crystal. The latter operates in the 90° twisted nematic mode. The required IR scenery is then formed as the polarization-modulated IR beam passes a 90° cross-polarizer. The device offers the advantages of (1) maximum flexibility in presenting versatile dynamic IR sceneries and (2) high resolution and contrast. Good performance was demonstrated by a device operating in the 2- to 5-μm range. The proposed approach strongly benefits from the technology that has been developed for the visible-to-visible liquid-crystal light valve over the last few years.
All optical signal regularizing/regeneration using a nonlinear fiber Sagnac interferometer switch with signal-clock walk-off (1994)

All-optical signal regularizing/regeneration using a nonlinear fiber Sagnac interferometer switch (NSIS) that employs signal-clock walk-off is investigated. The NSIS realizes all-optical signal regeneration, including timing and amplitude regularizing, by switching clock pulses with amplified input signals using a walk-off-induced, wide, square switching window and intensity-dependent transmittance of the device. First, characteristics (in both the temporal and spectral domains) of the all-optical signal regeneration achieved with the NSIS are investigated theoretically and experimentally. They certify that if clock pulses are within the square switching window obtained with signal-clock walk-off, the clock pulses can be modulated according to the data that the input signals carry and retain their temporal and spectral profiles. This means that if clock pulses can be prepared that meet the system requirements, the NSIS can convert input signals that may not satisfy system requirements into high-quality output signals. Limitations on the switching contrast due to the cross-phase modulation of counterpropagating reference pulses is also discussed. Second, two possible applications of NSIS-based all-optical signal regularizing/regeneration, 1) an all-optical multiplexer with an optical clock and 2) an all-optical regenerative repeater, are discussed. Preliminary experiments with /spl sim/10-ps pulses at bit rates of /spl sim/5 Gb/s that use locally prepared optical clock pulses, show that the NSIS provides an error-free regeneration function with a certain tolerance for pulse-period irregularity if a proper optical clock is obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Probing the interaction of Hoechst 33258 with an A–T rich oligonucleotide duplex using<sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy (1991)

Changes in the 1H chemical shifts values for resonances of the decanucleotide duplex d(GGTAATTACC)2 provide an NMR ‘footprint’ of the interaction of the synthetic dye Hoechst 33258 with the DNA minor groove.
Milk trypsin-inhibitor capacity as an indicator of bovine mastitis – a novel principle which can be automated (1984)

As mastitis is associated with leakage of small molecular weight plasma proteins, such as alpha 1-antitrypsin, into milk, this antitrypsin can be used as an indicator of mastitis. A colorimetric procedure was developed for large scale monitoring of milk antitrypsin activity, using microtitration plates and the Multiskan system. The effect of stage of lactation and age of the cow on the antitrypsin concentration and its interrelationship with other mastitis indicators (bovine serum albumin (BSA), somatic cell count) was analysed by computer programs on 1029 cows. Milk antitrypsin activity was high after parturition owing to colostral inhibitors. After the first month of lactation the assay measures only blood-derived antitrypsin and is a good indicator for detecting an increased permeability between blood and milk due to mastitis. Increasing lactation number only slightly affected the antitrypsin and BSA concentrations whereas somatic cell content was markedly affected.
Bayesian three-dimensional reconstruction of toothed whale trajectories: Passive acoustics assisted with visual and tagging measurements (2012)

The author describes and evaluates a Bayesian method to reconstruct three-dimensional toothed whale trajectories from a series of echolocation signals. Localization by using passive acoustic data (time of arrival of source signals at receptors) is assisted by using visual data (coordinates of the whale when diving and resurfacing) and tag information (movement statistics). The efficiency of the Bayesian method is compared to the standard minimum mean squared error statistical approach by comparing the reconstruction results of 48 simulated sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) trajectories. The use of the advanced Bayesian method reduces bias (standard deviation) with respect to the standard method up to a factor of 8.9 (13.6). The author provides open-source software which is functional with acoustic data which would be collected in the field from any three-dimensional receptor array design. This approach renews passive acoustics as a valuable tool to study the underwater behavior of toothed whales.
Harmonic automotive radar for VRU classification (2009)

a harmonic radar and set of passive transponders are used for detection and identification of vulnerable road users (VRU) in automotive applications. The radar system transmits a signal consisting of two distinct frequency components in the 76–81 GHz band. A small transponder is carried by the VRU. The antenna and the electric circuitry of the transponder are printed on flexible film and it can therefore be integrated in clothes. In the transponder the two frequency components are mixed together and a harmonic product, offset from all other reflections, is transmitted back to the radar. By synthesizing this harmonic frequency the radar system can unambiguously identify and localize VRU.
Simplifying complex CAD geometry with conservative bounding contours (2002)

Megabytes of data are often required for today's detailed CAD models. Users are often willing to sacrifice some of this detail for efficient rendering, transmission over networks, and robot motion planning. For example, many robotics and automation applications such as collision checking require only the simple bounding envelope of a complex set of nested CAD models. In contrast to approximate graphics rendering, these applications require that the simplified envelope be conservative: that the true CAD model be strictly contained inside it. One conservative bounding envelope is the bounding box. Another is the convex hull. Generally each conservative bounding envelope can be "trimmed" by a conservative bounding contour (CBC) of its 2D projection. This yields a hierarchy of conservative bounding envelopes of the original CAD model. In this paper we describe a method for generating the CBC at different levels of simplification. We give an algorithm that computes the CBC of a given 2D projection of a wireframe model. Since the wireframe requires neither boundary representation (BREP) nor constructive solid geometry (CSG) our method is compatible with almost all existing CAD standards.
Kinetics of apoptotic markers in exogeneously induced apoptosis of EL4 cells (2002)

We investigated the time-dependence of apoptotic events in EL4 cells by monitoring plasma membrane changes in correlation to DNA fragmentation and cell shrinkage. We applied three apoptosis inducers (staurosporine, tubericidine and X-rays) and we looked at various markers to follow the early-to-late apoptotic events: phospholipid translocation (identified through annexin V-fluorescein assay and propidium iodide), lipid package (via merocyanine assay), membrane fluidity and anisotropy (via fluorescent measurements), DNA fragmentation by the fluorescence-labeling test and cell size measurements. The different apoptotic inducers caused different reactions of the cells: staurosporine induced apoptosis most rapidly in a high number of cells, tubercidine triggered apoptosis only in the S phase cells, while X-rays caused a G2/M arrest and subsequently apoptosis. Loss of lipid asymmetry is promptly detectable after one hour of incubation time. The phosphatidylserine translocation, decrease of lipid package and anisotropy, and the increase of membrane fluidity appeared to be based on the same process of lipid asymmetry loss. Therefore, the DNA fragmentation and the cell shrinkage appear to be parallel and independent processes running on different time scales but which are kinetically inter-related. The results indicate different signal steps to apoptosis dependent on inducer characteristics but the kinetics of "early-to-late" apoptosis appears to be a fixed program.
Pyrazolopyridine Inhibitors of B-Raf<sup>V600E</sup>. Part 1: The Development of Selective, Orally Bioavailable, and Efficacious Inhibitors (2011)

The V600E mutation of B-Raf kinase results in constitutive activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and is present in approximately 7% of all cancers. Using structure-based design, a novel series of pyrazolopyridine inhibitors of B-Raf(V600E) was developed. Optimization led to the identification of 3-methoxy pyrazolopyridines 17 and 19, potent, selective, and orally bioavailable agents that inhibited tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model driven by B-Raf(V600E) with no effect on body weight. On the basis of their in vivo efficacy and preliminary safety profiles, 17 and 19 were selected for further preclinical evaluation.
Endothelialization of polymer surfaces (1988)

The role that substrate surface properties play in influencing the extent of endothelialization of polymer surfaces has been investigated. For a wide range of polymer surfaces, the degree of endothelialization for both porcine and bovine endothelial cells is directly related to polymer surface tension: increased endothelialization occurring with increasing substrate surface tension. As a result of adsorption of the proteins in the culture media, the surface properties of the polymers are altered considerably. The protein-coated polymers were characterized by means of liquid-liquid contact angle measurements under non-denaturing conditions. A striking correlation is observed between the degree of endothelialization and the measured dextran contact angle. The degree of endothelial cell spreading is not related to polymer surface tension. Cell morphology and extracellular matrix production, however, are influenced by substrate surface properties.