gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to the binding site of the receptor for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH): generation with a synthetic decapeptide encoded by an RNA complementary to LHRH mRNA. (1986)

A molecular recognition code has been hypothesized to exist in which ligands and their binding sites are encoded on complementary segments of genomic DNA. We have tested this hypothesis by generating a rabbit antibody to a synthetic decapeptide (complementary peptide) encoded by an RNA complementary to the mRNA for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and determining whether this antibody recognizes the LHRH receptor. When the antibody was used for immunoperoxidase staining of enzymatically dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells, only those that contained and secreted luteinizing hormone (i.e., the gonadotropes) were recognized. This staining could be abolished by preincubation with the complementary peptide or with an LHRH agonist, suggesting that the antibody is specific to the complementary peptide and is directed at the binding site of the receptor. Further evidence that the antibody recognizes the LHRH receptor was obtained in immunoblot experiments on solubilized receptors from pituitary glands. Immunoperoxidase staining with the antibody revealed two bands at 60 kDa and 51 kDa, which are values similar to those previously obtained for the LHRH receptor in photoaffinity-labeling experiments. The staining of these bands was inhibited by preincubation with the complementary peptide or an LHRH agonist. The antibody as well as the complementary peptide to LHRH also suppressed LHRH-stimulated luteinizing hormone release in a quantitative reverse hemolytic plaque assay, presumably by binding to the LHRH receptor and by binding LHRH, respectively. These findings suggest that the synthetic decapeptide whose sequence is specified by the complementary RNA to LHRH mRNA is sufficiently similar to an LHRH binding site that the peptide not only binds LHRH but was also recognized by the immune system as such a site. These findings provide strong support for the hypothesis that recognition molecules are encoded by complementary segments of genomic DNA.
Decreased histone deacetylase 2 impairs Nrf2 activation by oxidative stress (2011)

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a crucial role in cellular defence against oxidative stress by inducing the expression of multiple anti-oxidant genes. However, where high levels of oxidative stress are observed, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Nrf2 activity is reduced, although the molecular mechanism for this defect is uncertain. Here, we show that down-regulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 2 causes Nrf2 instability, resulting in reduced anti-oxidant gene expression and increase sensitivity to oxidative stress. Although Nrf2 protein was clearly stabilized after hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) stimulation in a bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS2B), Nrf2 stability was decreased and Nrf2 acetylation increased in the presence of an HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA). TSA also reduced Nrf2-regulated heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in these cells, and this was confirmed in acute cigarette-smoke exposed mice in vivo. HDAC2 knock-down by RNA interference resulted in reduced H(2)O(2)-induced Nrf2 protein stability and activity in BEAS2B cells, whereas HDAC1 knockdown had no effect. Furthermore, monocyte-derived macrophages obtained from healthy volunteers (non-smokers and smokers) and COPD patients showed a significant correlation between HDAC2 expression and Nrf2 expression (r=0.92, p<0.0001). Thus, reduced HDAC2 activity in COPD may account for increased Nrf2 acetylation, reduced Nrf2 stability and impaired anti oxidant defences.
Testability features of the first-generation CELL processor (2005)

The first generation CELL processor presented a test challenge in that the chip incorporated multiple processing elements, several multi-gigahertz synchronous and asynchronous clock domains, and many custom design elements. The test objective for the CELL design was to have high test coverage and a small test time. In addition to the objectives mentioned above, the CELL test logic is designed to support a modular design point and support for partial good processing elements. This paper will give an overview of the manufacturing test elements that were designed into the CELL processor.
A performance-driven logic emulation system: FPGA network design and performance-driven partitioning (1996)

FPGAs are widely used for logic emulation, software acceleration, custom computing, and prototyping. The architecture (or the interconnect mechanism of a FPGA network) of an emulator has profound effect on the performance (speed) and efficiency (chip utilization) of the emulator. In this paper, several architectures of FPGA networks are suggested, and they are compared with other typical existing architectures by using the MCNC partition benchmark circuits. Experimental results show that tripartite network outperforms six other typical architectures both in performance and in efficiency. For this study, the propagation delay of a path is estimated by the number of hops (interchip connections) and the number of intrachip connections on the path, and thus it is independent of a specific FPGA type. To partition a given circuit into the given prerouted network of FPGAs, a new routability-driven partitioning algorithm is developed. Experimental results using the MCNC benchmark examples show that our partition method produces better results than those of other recent approaches on the average, and that performance-driven partitioning is effective in reducing critical time delays.
Optimized 8-level turbo encoder algorithm and VLSI architecture for LTE (2011)

Turbo code is a high performance channel coding which is able to closely reach the channel capacity of Shannon limit. It plays an important role to increase the performance in one of the latest standard in the mobile network technology tree, LTE [1]. In this paper, a new architecture of Turbo code encoder based on 3GPP standard is proposed. This architecture is developed by implementing optimized 8-level parallel architecture, dual RAM in turbo code internal interleaver, recursive pair wise matching, and efficient 8-level index generator in turbo code internal interleaver. In order to ensure the functionality of the proposed algorithm and architecutre, MATLAB software are used to simulate and to profile the system. The proposed architecture successfully increases the speed of encoder 16 times faster compared to conventional architecture with size smaller than 50%.
Fabrication of 5-20 nm thick <i>β</i>-W films (2014)

A technique to fabricate 5 to 20 nm thick sputter deposited β W films on SiO2 and Si substrates is presented. This is achieved by growing tungsten on a 5 nm SiO2 layer or in an oxygen controlled environment by flowing 2 sccm of O2 during deposition. Resistivity, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and reflectivity studies were performed to determine the phase and thickness of tungsten films. These results demonstrate a technique to grow this film on bare Si or a SiO2 substrate, which can enable growth on the bottom of a write unit in a non-volatile spin logic device.
Azo polymers — syntheses and reactions, 3. Photolysis of monomeric and polymeric azo compounds (1989)

Abstract Unsymmetrical azo compounds of the general structure m ‐RC 6 H 4 NNC(OCOCH 3 ) (R 1 ) (R 2 ) ( 2–4 ), in which R stands for H, CH 3 , CHCH 2 or a polymeric residue, were irradiated with light of λ ≥ 330 nm. Depending on the substituents R 1 and R 2 and the reaction temperature trans‐cis isomerization or/and decomposition was observed. Polymers containing azo groups and CC‐double bonds can be crosslinked by irradiation.
Design and Structure−Activity Relationships of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Blood Coagulation Factor Xa (1999)

The discovery of a series of non-peptide factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors incorporating 3-(S)-amino-2-pyrrolidinone as a central template is described. After identifying compound 4, improvements in in vitro potency involved modifications of the liphophilic group and optimizing the angle of presentation of the amidine group to the S1 pocket of FXa. These studies ultimately led to compound RPR120844, a potent inhibitor of FXa (K(i) = 7 nM) which shows selectivity for FXa over trypsin, thrombin, and several fibrinolytic serine proteinases. RPR120844 is an effective anticoagulant in both the rat model of FeCl(2)-induced carotid artery thrombosis and the rabbit model of jugular vein thrombus formation.
Droloxifene, a new estrogen antagonist/agonist, prevents bone loss in ovariectomized rats (1995)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of droloxifene (DRO), a new estrogen antagonist/agonist, on bone turnover, bone mass, total serum cholesterol, and uterine weight in rats made estrogen deficient by ovariectomy. Sprague-Dawley female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham operated (sham) at 5 months of age and treated with 17 beta-estradiol (E2) at 30 micrograms/kg, sc, daily or with DRO at 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg.day, orally, for 4 weeks. At the time of death, body weight gain, uterine weight, and total serum cholesterol were measured. Bone area, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) of whole femora, distal femoral metaphyses, femoral shaft, and proximal femora were determined ex vivo using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Static and dynamic cancellous bone histomorphometric analysis of proximal tibial metaphyses was performed in double fluorescent labeled, undecalcified, 4- and 10-microns longitudinal sections. Body weight gain in E2-treated OVX rats was significantly reduced compared to that in OVX controls, but was not different from that in sham controls. Body weight gain in DRO-treated OVX rats was decreased significantly compared to that in both sham and OVX controls. In OVX rats, uterine weight was completely preserved by treatment with E2. Uterine weight in DRO-treated OVX rats was slightly, but significantly, increased from the vehicle-treated control value, and was significantly lower than that in sham controls and E2-treated OVX rats. Treatment with sc injection of E2 in OVX rats had no effect on total serum cholesterol, whereas OVX rats orally treated with DRO at 5-20 mg/kg.day decreased total serum cholesterol by 33-46% compared to levels in sham and OVX controls. Compared to sham controls, OVX decreased BMC and BMD of distal femoral metaphyses, increased BMD of the femoral shaft, and had no effect on BMC and BMD of whole femora and proximal femora. Treatment with either E2 or DRO prevented these changes induced by OVX. Proximal tibial metaphyseal trabecular bone volume and trabecular number were increased, and trabecular separation, percent osteoclast perimeter, osteoclast number, percent mineralizing perimeter, mineral apposition rate, bone formation rate, and bone turnover rate were decreased in 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg.day DRO-treated OVX rats compared to OVX controls. These cancellous bone histomorphometric indexes in DRO treated OVX rats did not differ from those in E2-treated OVX rats or sham controls, suggesting that DRO completely prevented the increases in bone turnover and the decrease in bone mass induced by OVX in rats.
Absolute forbidden bands and waveguiding in two-dimensional phononic crystal plates (2008)

We introduce a supercell plane wave expansion (SC-PWE) method for the calculation of elastic band structures of two-dimensional phononic crystal plates. We compute the band structure of solid-solid and air-solid two-dimensional phononic crystal plates. The air is modeled as a low impedance medium (LIM) with very low density and very high velocities of sound. We investigate the influence of the constituent materials, of the plate thickness, and of the geometry of the array on the band structure. We establish the range of validity of the SC-PWE method in terms of the rate of convergence with respect to the number of plane waves and contrast in physical properties of the matrix and inclusion materials. We show that for high contrast solid-solid phononic crystal plates, our SC-PWE method, as other PWE-based methods introduced to date, suffers from convergence difficulties. In the case of air (modeled as the LIM) holes-solid plates, we demonstrate that the SC-PWE method leads to fast convergence for a wide range of values of solid physical properties. With these constituent materials, we find that the largest absolute forbidden bands occur in the band structure of the phononic crystal plate provided the thickness of the plate is of the order of magnitude of the periodicity of the array of inclusions. We demonstrate the existence of guided modes in an air-silicon phononic crystal plate containing a linear defect.
A wirelessly powered, biologically inspired ambulatory microrobot (2014)

Onboard power remains a major challenge for miniature robotic platforms. Locomotion at small scales demands high power densities from all system components, while limited payload capacities place severe restrictions on the size of the energy source, resulting in integration challenges and short operating times when using conventional batteries. Wireless power delivery has the potential to allow microrobotic platforms to operate autonomously for extended periods when near a transmitter. This paper describes the first demonstration of RF wireless power transfer in an insect-scale ambulatory robot. A wireless power transmission system based on magnetically coupled resonance is designed for the latest iteration of the Harvard Ambulatory MicroRobot (HAMR), a piezoelectrically driven quadruped that had previously received power through a tether. Custom power and control electronics are designed and implemented on lightweight printed circuit boards that form a part of the mechanical structure of the robot. The integration of the onboard receiver, power and control electronics, and mechanical structure yields a 4cm, 2.1g robot that can operate autonomously in two wireless power transmission scenarios.
Prognostic Significance of Leukocyte-Dependent Antibody Activity in Melanoma Patients<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref> (1983)

Sera from patients with melanoma and control subjects were examined for leukocyte-dependent antibody (LDA) activity against cultured melanoma and control nonmelanoma target cells in 51Cr release cytotoxicity assays. In over a third of 344 melanoma patients, LDA activity against melanoma cells was related to tumor growth, shown by disappearance of the LDA after surgical removal of melanoma. Tumor-related LDA activity was not detected in 143 controls with various nonmelanoma malignant conditions and benign skin lesions. Approximately 5% of the patients had high-titer melanoma LDA that was unchanged by surgical removal of the tumor, and 15% had melanoma LDA revealed in their sera only after the sera had been treated to dissociate immune complexes. In patients with stage I melanoma, the disease-free interval was significantly longer in those with tumor-related LDA compared to those with no LDA. Analysis of the data in relation to known prognostic variables suggested that the main influence of LDA on prolongation of the disease-free interval was in males. An association between tumor-related LDA and a longer disease-free interval was also apparent in patients with stage II melanoma at first presentation but not in those with recurrence after prior treatment of primary melanoma. The results suggest that LDA activity against melanoma cells in the sera of patients after surgical removal of stage I or stage II melanoma is a favorable prognostic factor. Further studies are needed to determine whether induction of melanoma LDA by immunotherapy may improve the outcome in patients without naturally occurring LDA.
Design of applying FlexRay-bus to federated archiectecture for triple redundant reliable UAV flight control system (2017)

For an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) performing a mission, any failure of the flight control system can result in fatal disaster. Therefore, reliability requirement for UAV flight control system becomes increasingly important and then the redundancy technology is considered as a solution to enhance system reliability. This paper studies the designs of reliability, system architecture, and redundancy management logic for UAV flight control system. Therefore, a reliable federated architecture design for triple redundant UAV flight control system is introduced, in which the distributed hardware design combined with centralized software framework was adopted as well. The number of subsystems in the case study is more than that of centralized architecture and less for distributed architecture. Next, the fault detection and fault tolerant design can be achieved, and simultaneously the design problems associated with distributed software framework was reduced. Furthermore, by using the distributed hardware, system's reliability requirement of single hardware module was decreased. Consequently, the goal of high reliability for the entire system reached. Finally, FlexRay bus with time-trigger mechanism was chosen to simulate the communication of such a federated architecture designed. The experimental results show that the design is reasonable and satisfy the high reliability, high performance-price ratio and high expandability requirements of UAV flight control system.
The contribution of large genomic deletions at the CDKN2A locus to the burden of familial melanoma (2008)

Mutations in two genes encoding cell cycle regulatory proteins have been shown to cause familial cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). About 20% of melanoma-prone families bear a point mutation in the CDKN2A locus at 9p21, which encodes two unrelated proteins, p16(INK4a) and p14(ARF). Rare mutations in CDK4 have also been linked to the disease. Although the CDKN2A gene has been shown to be the major melanoma predisposing gene, there remains a significant proportion of melanoma kindreds linked to 9p21 in which germline mutations of CDKN2A have not been identified through direct exon sequencing. The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of large rearrangements in CDKN2A to the disease in melanoma-prone families using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. We examined 214 patients from independent pedigrees with at least two CMM cases. All had been tested for CDKN2A and CDK4 point mutation, and 47 were found positive. Among the remaining 167 negative patients, one carried a novel genomic deletion of CDKN2A exon 2. Overall, genomic deletions represented 2.1% of total mutations in this series (1 of 48), confirming that they explain a very small proportion of CMM susceptibility. In addition, we excluded a new gene on 9p21, KLHL9, as being a major CMM gene.
Health care assistants (1997)

Gwyneth Williams argues that the nurse manager can ensure that HCAs, far from undermining nursing, actually support and complement it by giving nurses more time to nurse
The synthesis of novel polycyclic heterocyclic ring systems <i>via</i> photocyclization. <b>5</b>. [1]Benzothieno[2,3‐<i>c</i>]naphtho[2,1‐<i>f</i>]‐quinoline and [1]benzothieno[2,3‐<i>c</i>]naphtho[1,2‐<i>g</i>]quinoline (1991)

Abstract Two previously unknown heterocyclic ring systems, namely, [1]benzothieno[2,3‐ c ]naphtho[2,1‐ f ]quinoline ( 4 ) and [1]benzothieno[2,3‐ c ]naphtho[1,2‐ g ]quinoline ( 5 ) were synthesized via photocyclization of 3‐chloro‐ N ‐(2‐phenanthryl)benzo[ b ]thiophene‐2‐carboxamide ( 8 ) followed by chlorination and dechlorination. The total assignment of their 1 H‐ and 13 C‐nmr spectra was determined by utilizing inverse‐detected HMQC and HMBC two‐dimensional nmr spectroscopic methods.
Software tool for simulation of Brillouin precursors in dispersive dielectrics (2010)

In this paper, we introduce a set of software tools (1.) to simulate the dynamical evolution of the Brillouin precursors in homogeneous, linear, lossy, and dispersive dielectrics, and (2.) to validate this tool using existing reported results. This set of tools would then be used to design experiments to observe and characterize these precursors.
A Survey of Some Secondary Thermometers for Possible Applications at Very Low Temperatures (1970)

A survey has been made on the temperature dependent behavior of several new types of carbon resistors and germanium sensors to determine whether any particular type might be suitable as a secondary thermometer in the 0.01–1.0 K temperature interval. Each thermometer was specially constructed to improve the thermal contact to the sensing element. Several commercial germanium and carbon resistance sensors appear promising as thermometers in the very low temperature interval. In addition, it appears feasible to extend the use of 0.02 at.% Au–Fe thermocouples down to 0.05 K.
La recerca: Transgredir, una acció de pensament (2010)

Projectar, experimentar i documentar les potencialitats educatives de la transgressio: el mestre o la mestra estan disposats a experimentar i compartir les normes amb els infants i amb les families? Quins son els ambits de llibertat i les limitacions en el proces de construccio de la convivencia social? En el recorregut seguit per trobar respostes es fan paleses les capacitats dels infants mes petits per anar mes enlla.
Utilizing Halide Exchange To Improve Control of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (1998)

Halide exchange during atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using mixed halide initiation systems, R−X/Cu−Y (X, Y = Cl or Br), was investigated. Model studies of mixed halide initiation systems (i.e., R−X/Cu−Y, X ≠ Y) demonstrated that exchange occurs rapidly at 90 °C, and there is a clear preference for alkyl chlorides to be formed in over alkyl bromides. This was attributed mainly to the carbon−chlorine bond being stronger than the corresponding carbon−bromine bond. This implies that, in ATRP with a mixed halide initiator/catalyst system, the bulk of the polymer chain ends are terminated by chlorine if [CuCl]0 ≥ [RBr]0. Examples of using this information to improve the control in ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) are presented. It was shown that, when benzyl halides were used as the initiator in the ATRP of MMA, the rate of initiation was increased relative to the rate of propagation, thus providing better control by using the benzyl bromide/copper chloride mixed halide system. Better molecular weight control at high conversions of monomer to polymer was observed when using ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate and copper chloride as initiator/catalyst in comparison to using ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate/copper bromide, indicating that side reactions are less significant in the former.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor co-agonists for treating metabolic disease (2020)

Multiple co-agonist combinations exhibit promising clinical efficacy, notably tirzepatide and investigational amylin combinations. Simultaneously, increasing doses of GLP-1R agonists such as semaglutide produces substantial weight loss, raising the bar for the development of new unimolecular co-agonists. Collectively, the available data suggest that new co-agonists with robust efficacy should prove superior to GLP-1R agonists alone to treat metabolic disorders.