gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship between respiratory muscle function and age, sex, and other factors (1989)

To investigate the effects of gender and age on respiratory muscle function, 160 healthy volunteers (80 males, 80 females) were divided into four age groups. Twenty-eight of the male subjects were smokers. After the subjects were familiarized with the experimental procedure, respiratory muscle strength, inspiratory muscle endurance, and spirometric function, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, tidal volume, breathing rate, and duty cycle, were measured. The respiratory muscle strength was indicated by the maximal static inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PImmax and PEmmax). Inspiratory muscle endurance was determined by the time the subject was able to sustain breathing against an inspiratory pressure load on a modified Nickerson-Keens device. The results showed that 1) except for inspiratory muscle endurance and FEV1/FVC, men had greater respiratory muscle and pulmonary functions than women, 2) respiratory muscle function and pulmonary function decreased with age, 3) smoking tended to lower duty cycle and FEV1/FVC and to enhance PE,mmax, and 4) inspiratory muscle endurance was greater in men who were physically active than in those who were sedentary. Therefore we conclude that there are sexual and age differences in respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function and that smoking or physical activity may affect respiratory muscle function.
Switchable Reactivity of Acylated α, β-Dehydroamino Ester in the Friedel−Crafts Alkylation of Indoles by Changing the Lewis Acid (2008)

Highly regioselective electrophilic substitution of indoles with N-acetylated alpha,beta-dehydroalanine methyl ester, promoted by different transition metal salts was achieved. The orthogonal regioselectivity provides an efficient protocol toward highly functionalized 3-indolyl-alpha-amino acids. The mechanism of the reactions was explored by NMR studies.
Sildenafil for Severe Lymphatic Malformations (2012)

Lymphatic malformations are rare but can cause significant clinical problems in addition to cosmetic disfigurement. Sildenafil was used in a child whose pulmonary hypertension was caused by lymphatic malformation; the result was a marked decrease in the lymphatic malformation.
Improved subthreshold characteristics of n-channel SOI transistors (1986)

It has been found that certain n-channel MOSFET's fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates formed by oxygen implantation can have <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\log (I_{d}): V_{gs}</tex> , characteristics with very steep slopes in the subthreshold region. In contradiction to normal models for short-channel transistors on bulk silicon, the slope becomes steeper for shorter gate lengths or higher drain voltages. This effect is shown to be related to the kink in the output characteristics of transistors with floating islands.
Pictorial Formats. Volume 1. Format Development (1982)

The Pictorial Format Study (Volume I) includes the development of displays for six primary fighter crew stations functions (e.g., primary flight, tactical situation, stores management, systems status, engine status, and emergency procedures). The study focused on information that the pilot really needs. Possible changes in cockpit requirements reflecting future aircraft systems and performance were examined. Pictorial Formats were generated in monochrome stroke, color stroke and color raster. The color raster formats are the most aesthetically pleasing. The study indicates that pictorial formats should include limited use of alpha-numeric characters to add to the precision that certain situations/systems require. The use of color was found to enhance information transfer in situations where the pilot must distinguish between classes of stimuli.
Prevalence of Heterophilic Antibody Interference in Eight Automated Tumor Marker Immunoassays (2004)

Heterophilic antibodies are human antibodies that can bind animal antibodies. They can cause problems in immunoassays, particularly immunometric assays, where they can form a bridge between the capture and detection antibodies, leading to a false-positive result in the absence of analyte or, if analyte is also present, to a false increase in measured concentrations. Very rarely, heterophilic antibodies can also lead to false-negative or falsely low results. By adding blocking reagents, assay manufacturers have reduced the incidence of heterophile interferences from the 2–5% observed in unblocked assays but have been unable to completely eliminate the problem (1)(2). During the last 10 years, tumor marker assays for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), carcinoembryonic antigen, and calcitonin have all been reported to suffer from this problem, frequently with undesirable clinical outcomes (3)(4)(5)(6)(7).

In our own laboratory we noted that our thyroglobulin assay displayed a higher than acceptable rate of heterophile interference (8). Although we were able to rectify this problem through pretreatment of samples in heterophile blocking tubes (HBT) (8), we became concerned that some of our other tumor marker assays may suffer from similar problems. We therefore decided to systematically evaluate all of our tumor marker assays for evidence of interference from heterophilic antibodies.

Our laboratory performs the following tumor marker assays: calcitonin on the Nichols Advantage, gastrin on the Immulite2000, CA 125 and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) on the Vitros ECi, and α-fetoprotein (AFP), hCG, total PSA, and free PSA on the Beckman Access. All of these assays use at least one mouse monoclonal antibody (Table 1⇓ ).

We designated the maximum tolerable heterophile interference rate for any of these assays as 0.5% and started collecting samples prospectively. Power calculations …
Purification and characterization of alpha-toxin produced by Clostridium novyi type A (1993)

Our study describes the production, purification, and properties of alpha-toxin from Clostridium novyi type A 19402. The bacterium produced maximal amounts of alpha-toxin when grown at 37 degrees C for 72 h in dialysis flask cultures containing brain heart infusion supplemented with 0.75% Tween 80 and 2% glycerol. The alpha-toxin was purified by precipitation with polyethylene glycol 6000, followed by chromatography on Q-Sepharose, phenyl-agarose, and Mono-Q. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the toxin exhibited a single band with an M(r) of 200,000. The toxin also exhibited a single immunoprecipitin arc by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with antiserum against crude toxin. It was stable when stored at 4 degrees C and also following exposure to buffers with pHs in the range of 4 to 7. The toxin had a minimum lethal dose in mice of 5 to 10 ng, caused rounding of a variety of cells in tissue culture, and was negative in the rabbit ileal loop assay. The cytotoxic activity was inhibited by agents that affect receptor-mediated processes, and the toxin was less active on a CHO mutant cell line that is defective in endosomal acidification. The analysis of the amino acid composition revealed an unusually high proline content. The N-terminal sequence is Met-Leu-Ile-Thr-Arg-Glu-Gln-Leu-Met-Lys.
Hyperabrupt junctions in Au-Si Schottky diodes by ion implantation (1968)

The application of ion implantation to the fabrication of Au-Si Schottky diodes with highly nonlinear capacitance/voltage characteristics is described. The capacitance/voltage characteristic and the derived impurity profile are given for a typical diode. The forward current/voltage characteristics are described, and an estimate of Au-Si barrier height is made.
Overexpression of Escherichia coli single stranded DNA binding protein under bacteriophage T 7 promoter. (1994)

A recombinant vector for overproduction of the E. coli single stranded DNA binding protein (E. coli SSBP) has been constructed. An E. coli strain carrying this plasmid produces up to 150 mg pure SSBP per litre of bacterial culture in a laboratory shake flask. Electron microscopy of the single stranded DNA complexed with SSBP shows characteristic "beaded string"-like appearance. Strong clustering of protein molecules on ssDNA is indicative of a highly cooperative binding.
Complete and effective robustness checking by means of interpolation (2012)

Technology scaling continues to downscale feature sizes. As a side-effect this has some serious drawbacks, in particular increasing vulnerability of circuits against transient faults caused, e.g., by radiation. Even under malfunctions of internal components the circuit must behave as specified. Several techniques have been proposed to overcome this problem. However, the implementation of those techniques in the design might be buggy and needs to be verified. This paper provides an effective algorithm using formal reasoning to completely analyze the fault tolerance of a circuit, under all input sequences and all transient faults. The algorithm based on interpolation identifies components in which transient faults are observable. Experiments show that the newly introduced complete approach analyzes ITC'99 and IBM circuits, effectively.
Animal evaluation of technetium-99m triamide mercaptide complexes as potential renal imaging agents. (1987)

Technetium-99m mercaptoacetylglycylglycylglycine (MAG3), a [99mTc]triamide mercaptide (N3S) compound has been synthesized in an attempt to obviate the stereochemistry problems associated with the diamide dimercaptide (N2S2) ligands. Because initial studies have been promising, the terminal glycine on the MAG3 compound has been varied to create a new series of N3S compounds. Twelve new N3S complexes were initially screened in mice and the more promising complexes, 99mTc mercaptoacetylgylcylglycyl-glycine [( 99mTc]MAG3), 99mTc mercaptoacetylgylcylglycyl-L-alanine [( 99mTc]MAG2-Ala), and both complexes of 99mTc mercaptoeacetylglycylglycyl-L-asparagine [( 99mTc]MAG2-Asn) and 99mTc mercaptoacetylglycylglycyl-L-glutamine [( 99mTc]MAG2-Gln), were further evaluated in rats utilizing constant infusion blood clearances, extraction efficiencies and protein binding assays. The renal excretion of all these complexes compared favorably with simultaneously administered [131I]OIH and [125I]iothalamate. The triamide mercaptide complexes represent a new ligand class for 99mTc, which may provide a variety of complexes for the evaluation of renal tubular function.
Photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence of a Ru(ii)(bpy)3-quencher dual-labeled oligonucleotide probe (2003)

A molecular beacon oligonucleotide probe covalently labeled with Ru(II)(bpy)3 and Black Hole Quencher-2 is synthesized, and hybridization assays are performed using photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence methods of excitation.
Characterization of a <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> mutant deficient in UDP‐galactose transport activity (2001)

In fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the carbohydrate components of the cell wall consist of galactomannan, unlike in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We previously found that the disruption of gms1+, a gene encoding the UDP-galactose transporter required for the synthesis of galactomannan, led to the complete defect of cell surface galactosylation in Sz. pombe. The Deltagms1 strain is therefore useful for the analysis of physiological properties of galactose residues in Sz. pombe. The deletion strain of gms1+ was viable; however, itshowed an aberrant cell morphology and increased sensitivities to digestion with beta-glucanase and to various drugs, such as hygromycin B, sodium orthovanadate and Calcofluor white. A reduction of galactomannan layers of the cell wall in the Deltagms1 strain was observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopic analyses. The addition of osmotic stabilizer suppressed the morphologic defect of the Deltagms1 cells, while other phenotypes were weakly suppressed. The Deltagms1 (h90) strain was incapable of sexual conjugation during nutritional starvation. These results suggest that the cell surface galactosylation is required not only for non-sexual flocculation but also for sexual conjugation in Sz. pombe.
Repeatability in Spring Arrival Dates in Pied Flycatchers Varies Among Years and Sexes (2016)

Timing of arrival in long-distance migration could have fitness consequences: arrival too early impairs survival chances, whereas arrival too late reduces current reproductive success. Evolution thus may have favoured a phenotype that arrived at the optimal time. However, individuals within populations of longdistance migrant species arrive over a considerable time span, and often show consistency in whether they are early or late. This repeatability in arrival varies between studies, and we hypothesise it to be affected by conditions encountered en route or in winter. Here we report on the spring arrival dates of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca to their Dutch breeding sites during eight consecutive years. Our field estimates of arrival were highly accurate, as validated by geolocator data on 13 individuals. Years differed in mean arrival dates. Within years and sexes, arrival date generally spanned more than two weeks. First-year individuals arrived on average 4–5 days later than older individuals. Using repeated arrival dates of more than 500 individuals we show that (1) the overall arrival repeatabilities were similar for females and males, (2) arrival repeatabilities varied temporally, with individuals in consecutive years having sometimes moderate (R = 0.2) and sometimes rather high (>0.40) repeatabilities, and (3) individual females arrived later in their first than in their second year. In females, repeatabilities of arrival and laying dates were similar. We hypothesize that individual flycatchers have a high individual consistency in their spring migration departure date from the wintering grounds. However, previous studies suggest the expression of this individual schedule to be affected by environmental circumstances at the wintering grounds or by what is encountered en route, determining whether this variation is still present at arrival on the breeding grounds. Sexes seemed to differ in this respect, as yearto-year variation in repeatabilities of timing was explained by individual consistency in females, but not in males. We discuss the relevance of the observed variation for the potential for an evolutionary response when environments change.
A Control Approach for Thrust-Propelled Underactuated Vehicles and its Application to VTOL Drones (2009)

A control approach is proposed for a class of underactuated vehicles in order to stabilize reference trajectories either in thrust direction, velocity, or position. The basic modeling assumption is that the vehicle is pro-pulsed via a thrust force along a single body-fixed direction and that it has full torque actuation for attitude control (i.e., a typical actuation structure for aircrafts, vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) vehicles, submarines, etc.). Additional assumptions on the external forces applied to the vehicle are also introduced for the sake of control design and stability analyses. They are best satisfied for vehicles which are subjected to an external force field (e.g., gravity) and whose shape induces lift forces with limited amplitude, unlike airplanes but as in the case of many VTOL drones. The interactions of the vehicle with the surrounding fluid are often difficult to model precisely whereas they may significantly influence and perturb its motion. By using a standard Lyapunov-based approach, novel nonlinear feedback control laws are proposed to compensate for modeling errors and perform robustly against such perturbations. Simulation results illustrating these properties on a realistic model of a VTOL drone subjected to wind gusts are reported.
Information Technology Security Threats to Modern e-Enabled Aircraft: A Cautionary Note (2014)

Most passengers, airlines, and the aircraft industry in general are used to very high safety standards and precautions surrounding aircraft systems. As the computerization of aircraft steadily progresses, the question of security (that is, the protection against intentional manipulations) becomes increasingly relevant. This paper focuses on these security challenges. In particular, it adds the following contributions: It assesses the current state of public research on aircraft information technology security and contrasts it with an evaluation of the threat level through a discussion of recent attacks and vulnerabilities. This shows that many attack vectors are not protected against by the state-of-the-art technology implemented in today’s aircraft. In addition, increasing digitalization, connectivity, and similar developments have led to so-called 'e-enabled' aircraft with an ever larger attack surface. This results in challenges to the aircraft industry and lead to a requirement for additional technical, organizational, educational, and regulatory countermeasures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Shape‐Controlled Monodisperse Wurtzite CuIn<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1‐x</sub>S<sub>2</sub> Semiconductor Nanocrystals with Tunable Band Gap. (2011)

Abstract Wurtzite‐structured CuIn x Ga 1‐x S 2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) is synthesized by rapidly injecting a mixture of 1‐dodecanethiol and tert.‐dodecanethiol into a solution of Cu(acac) 2 , In(acac) 3 , Ga(acac) 3 , trioctylphosphine oxide, and oleylamine at 150 °C with nitrogen purging, followed by heating at 280—290 °C for 30 min.
From Lab Bench to Market (2002)

Revolutionary advances in tissue engineering are redefining approaches to tissue repair and transplantation through the creation of replacement tissues that remain biointeractive after implantation, imparting physiologic functions as well as structure to the tissue or organ damaged by disease or trauma.(1,2) Over the last decade this field has moved from "science fiction" to "science fact" with the research-oriented acceptance of its potential to regulatory approvals allowing commercial products to be available for use in many countries. The maintenance of tissue integrity, functionality, and viability from cell seeding through product manufacture, shipping, and end-use has been accomplished through innovations in design and scale-up of both tissue growth and preservation processes. These unique systems have enabled the delivery of tissue-engineered products that are uniform inter- and intra-lot, readily available as off-the-shelf products, easy to use, and efficacious. Skin replacement products are the most advanced, with several tissue-engineered wound care materials on the market in the U.S. and in several international communities.(3-5) The potential impact of this field is far broader, offering novel solutions to the medical field for drug screening and development, genetic engineering, and total tissue and organ replacement.
Material properties of low pressure chemical vapor deposited silicon nitride for modeling and calibrating the simulation of advanced isolation structures (1995)

The increasing cost and complexity of semiconductor process development has lead to the widespread use of multidimensional semiconductor process simulators. The success of a program like SUPREM−IV is primarily due to the fact that it is based on physical models, rather than empirical equations. This is in contrast to the first generation of process simulators, which calculated impurity profiles and oxide thickness in one dimension based on semiempirical approaches. SUPREM−IV incorporates two-dimensional coupled stress-dependent oxidation and impurity diffusion, which allows the accurate simulations of state-of-the-art integrated processes, provided that accurate model parameter sets are available. In this article we present an improved calibration methodology for simulation of advanced isolation technologies using SUPREM−IV, based on the experimental determination of the material properties of silicon nitride. The proposed strategy is applicable not only to SUPREM−IV but to any numerical simulator that uses the stress-dependent oxidation models to calculate oxide growth. In order to simulate experimental isolation boundary shapes, the oxidation models in SUPREM−IV must be calibrated. This requires a set of five fitting parameters, i.e., the material viscosities and activation volumes for stress-dependent diffusion, reaction rate, and critical stress. These parameters form a quintuplet but are not unique. Multiplying the viscosity values and dividing the activation volumes by a constant will yield exactly the same isolation structure boundary shape. The calculated stresses in the substrate however do not remain constant when different quintuplets are used. This has serious implications since isolation structures require the stress levels in the silicon substrate to remain well below the yield stress of silicon. If a nonoptimal parameter set is used, incorrect designs will result. Based on the experimental extraction of the silicon nitride viscosity by measuring the relative film thickness shrinkage rate as a function of temperature, a scaled parameter set has been derived. SUPREM−IV simulations predict identical boundary shapes but the simulated stress levels are different from the values obtained using the default parameter set. In order to validate the stress simulations, a comparison with experimental stress values measured by micro-Raman spectroscopy has been carried out. It has been found that the quintuplet based on the experimental nitride viscosity values yields the best agreement with the experimental stress data, supporting the accuracy of the new model parameter set.
Synthesis of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin. I. C-terminal dodecapeptide (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin. I. C-terminal dodecapeptideMiguel A. Ondetti, Josip Pluscec, Emily F. Sabo, John T. Sheehan, and Nina WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 1, 195–199Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00704a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00704a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Adaptive In-Vehicle Multimedia Recommender for Group Users (2005)

Rapid advances of mobile communication technologies enable today's vehicle to receive overabundant multimedia content from different broadcasters. In addition, the in-vehicle multimedia content is often viewed by a group of passengers traveling in buses, trains, and airplanes. Adaptive vehicular multimedia systems are required to provide personalized multimedia content for group users by taking care of the majority's preferences. This paper proposes an adaptive in-vehicle multimedia recommendation system serving for group users. It presents the recommender system architecture. The main technologies: user identification and profile aggregation, user profile merging algorithm, and recommendation strategy are described. This paper also presents the evaluation methodology and experimental results.