gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methanol synthesis using captured CO2 as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental assessment (2015)

• A carbon utilisation plant that synthesise methanol is simulated in CHEMCAD. • The total amount of CO 2 demand is 1.46 t/t methanol . • The CO 2 not-produced compared to a conventional plant is 0.54 t/t methanol . • Production costs results too high for a financially attractive project. • There is a net potential for CO 2 emissions reduction of 2.71 MtCO 2 /yr in Europe. The purpose of this paper is to assess via techno-economic and environmental metrics the production of methanol (MeOH) using H 2 and captured CO 2 as raw materials. It evaluates the potential of this type of carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) plant on (i) the net reduction of CO 2 emissions and (ii) the cost of production, in comparison with the conventional synthesis process of MeOH Europe. Process flow modelling is used to estimate the operational performance and the total purchased equipment cost; the flowsheet is implemented in CHEMCAD, and the obtained mass and energy flows are utilised as input to calculate the selected key performance indicators (KPIs). CO 2 -based metrics are used to assess the environmental impact. The evaluated MeOH plant produces 440 ktMeOH/yr, and its configuration is the result of a heat integration process. Its specific capital cost is lower than for conventional plants. However, raw materials prices, i.e. H 2 and captured CO 2 , do not allow such a project to be financially viable. In order to make the CCU plant financially attractive, the price of MeOH should increase in a factor of almost 2, or H 2 costs should decrease almost 2.5 times, or CO 2 should have a value of around 222 €/t, under the assumptions of this work. The MeOH CCU-plant studied can utilise about 21.5% of the CO 2 emissions of a pulverised coal (PC) power plant that produces 550 MW net of electricity. The net CO 2 emissions savings represent 8% of the emissions of the PC plant (mainly due to the avoidance of consuming fossil fuels as in the conventional MeOH synthesis process). The results demonstrate that there is a net but small potential for CO 2 emissions reduction; assuming that such CCU plants are constructed in Europe to meet the MeOH demand growth and the quantities that are currently imported, the net CO 2 emissions reduction could be of 2.71 MtCO 2 /yr.
A multi-depth image restoration based on a quartic phase coded lens (2009)

A phase coded lens design using a quartic form derived from the spherical aberration of traditional optical systems and a method for image restoration of objects located at different distances are provided.
Modern geometrical optics (1998)

This book gives purely matlieimitieal tli
Design, Synthesis, Structure−Selectivity Relationship, and Effect on Human Cancer Cells of a Novel Series of Histone Deacetylase 6-Selective Inhibitors (2007)

To uncover novel histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-selective inhibitors and to elucidate the structural requirements for their inhibitory activity, we designed and prepared a series of thiolate analogues based on the structure of an HDAC6-selective substrate and evaluated their properties by Western blotting and enzyme assays. Several thiolate analogues were found to be potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitors. Study of the structure-selectivity relationship revealed that the presence of a bulky alkyl group and tert-butylcarbamate group in these compounds is important for HDAC6-selective inhibition. Compounds 16b and 20b, the most selective and active compounds in this series, exerted a synergistic inhibition of cancer cell growth in combination with paclitaxel. They also blocked the growth of estrogen receptor alpha-positive breast cancer MCF-7 cells that had been treated with estrogen. These findings suggested that HDAC6-selective inhibitors have potential as anticancer agents.
Rare‐Earth Disilicates As Oxidation‐Resistant Fiber Coatings for Silicon Carbide Ceramic–Matrix Composites (2011)

Current SiC‐based ceramic–matrix composites (SiC–SiC CMCs) rely on carbon or boron nitride fiber–matrix interphases for toughness and flaw tolerance. However, oxidation of these interphases can be performance limiting in many CMC applications. The γ‐polymorph of the rare‐earth disilicates (RE 2 Si 2 O 7 ) is a potential oxidation‐resistant alternative to carbon or BN. The formation of γ‐Y 2 Si 2 O 7 and γ‐Ho 2 Si 2 O 7 at different temperatures and processing environments was investigated. Silica–yttrium hydroxide and silica–holmium hydroxide dispersions were made and heat treated at 1200°–1400°C for 8 h in air and argon. LiNO 3 was added to the dispersions to enhance the formation of γ‐Y 2 Si 2 O 7 and γ‐Ho 2 Si 2 O 7 . The effects of excess silica and LiNO 3 dopant on the formation of γ‐Y 2 Si 2 O 7 were investigated. Coatings of Y 2 Si 2 O 7 and Ho 2 Si 2 O 7 were made on α‐SiC plate and SCS–0 SiC fiber using these dispersions. These were heat treated in argon and argon—500 ppm oxygen mixtures at 1400°C/8 h. For coatings heat treated in argon—500 ppm oxygen mixtures, X‐ray diffraction showed the formation of single phase γ‐Ho 2 Si 2 O 7 and a mixture of γ and β‐Y 2 Si 2 O 7 at 1400°C. Scanning electron microscopic image analysis gave an estimate of 18 vol% of excess silica for γ‐Y 2 Si 2 O 7 formed with high Si:Y ratio and ∼5 vol% excess silica for material formed with lower Si:Y ratio. Transmission electron microscopy of samples directly beneath indentations showed both extensive dislocation slip and fracture.
BALB/c Mice Produce Blister-Causing Antibodies Upon Immunization with a Recombinant Human Desmoglein 3 (1999)

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an Ab-mediated autoimmune blistering disease of mucotaneous surfaces. Over 95% of the patients with PV express DR4 or DRw6, and the disease is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies directed against desmoglein 3 (Dsg 3), a protein expressed on keratinocytes. An appropriate animal model is required to understand immunoregulation and to address the role of immunogenetic components in the production of pathogenic Abs that are characteristic of PV. Therefore, we turned to the development of a mouse model. Four strains of female mice (BALB/c, DBA/1, SJL/J, and HRS/J) were screened for their ability to produce pathogenic anti-Dsg 3 Abs. We demonstrated that only BALB/c mice immunized with a full-length Dsg 3 can produce pathogenic Abs capable of causing acantholysis of human foreskin in culture and blistering in neonatal mice. This observation suggested that either H-2d or the BALB background contains the immunogenetic makeup necessary for the production of pathogenic anti-Dsg 3 Abs. No correlation was noted between a given isotype and the pathogenic potential of autoantibodies from different strains of mice. Similarly, the pattern of reactivity of Abs with a panel of 46 synthetic peptides that span the entire Dsg 3 failed to reveal any association between binding specificity and the pathogenic potential, and suggested that pathogenic Abs might recognize conformational epitopes. Moreover, our studies showed that the epitopes recognized by pathogenic Abs are contained within the extracellular Dsg 3.
Hemoccult Screening in Detecting Colorectal Neoplasm: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value (1990)

An asymptomatic patient age 45 or older with a positive Hemoccult II test has about a chance of 1 in 10 for having colorectal carcinoma and a 1-in-3 chance of having either a colorectal carcinoma or polyp: The same patient with a negative Hemoccult test has a 0.2% chance of having a colorectal carcinoma diagnosed within 2 years of testing and a 0.7% chance of having a polyp. Within 4 years of testing the chance increases to 0.5% for colorectal carcinoma and 1.5% for polyps. If Hemoccult II slides are the only screening method used for detecting asymptomatic colorectal neoplasms, 50% to 60% of lesions will remain undetected. Clinical interpretation of Hemoccult screening requires appreciation of its limits as well as its benefits.
Hazards of compression treatment of the leg: an estimate from Scottish surgeons. (1987)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Hsp110s are well recognized nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) of Hsp70s, in addition they are implicated in various aspects of cellular proteostasis as discrete chaperones with yet enigmatic molecular mechanism. Stark similarity in domain organization and structure between Hsp110s and Hsp70s, is easily discernible although the nature of domain communication and domain functions of Hsp110s are still puzzling. Here, we report atypical domain communication of yeast Hsp110, Sse1 using single molecule FRET, small angle X-ray scattering measurements (SAXS) and Molecular Dynamic simulations. Our data show that Sse1 lacks typical domain movements as exhibited by Hsp70s, albeit it undergoes unique structural alteration upon nucleotide and substrate binding. Hsp70-like domain-movements can be artificially salvaged in chimeric constructs of Hsp110-Hsp70 although such salvaging proves detrimental for the NEF activity of the protein. Furthermore, we show that substrate binding domain (SBD) of Hsp110, chaperones self, as well as foreign nucleotide binding domains (NBD). Interestingly, the substrate binding specificity of Hsp110 is largely determined by its NBD rather than SBD, the latter being the foremost substrate binding region for Hsp70s.
Voltage sag analysis case studies (1993)

The results from a number of different voltage sag investigations are summarized. These investigations involve characterizing the voltage sag performance at a customer facility and evaluating equipment sensitivity to different voltage sag magnitudes and durations. Possible solutions to voltage sag sensitivity problems are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CD15 monoclonal antibodies react with a phosphotyrosine-containing protein on the surface of human neutrophils. (1988)

mAb are useful as probes in the study of the roles of cell-surface components in neutrophil function. Many mAb that bind to human neutrophils react with the oligosaccharide lacto-N-fucopentaose III (CD15 antibodies). These antibodies, as well as several other widely used mAb reactive with human neutrophils, were employed to detect phosphoproteins present on these cells. Immunoprecipitation and subsequent gel electrophoresis of proteins from neutrophils labeled with [gamma-32P]ATP revealed a 170 to 190-kDa phosphoprotein specifically reactive with CD15 antibodies. No phosphoproteins were immunoprecipitated by CD11 or CD18 mAb. Phosphoamino acid analysis of the 170- to 190-kDa protein showed that it contained predominantly phosphotyrosine and a low level of phosphoserine. Recently, it was shown that this phosphoprotein is one of the major substrates of ecto-protein kinase activity on human neutrophils. The roles for the 170- to 190-kDa phosphoprotein and the ecto-protein kinase in neutrophil function remain to be determined.
Chromosome 7q allelic losses in pancreatic carcinoma. (1996)

During our DNA fingerprinting studies of paired normal and pancreatic cancer tissues using arbitrarily primed PCR, we noticed a band showing an apparent homozygous deletion in a pancreatic cancer cell line and a decreased intensity in a number of primary cancers. That band was assigned to chromosome 7. Such information led us to analyze chromosome 7 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a panel of 12 cryostat-enriched primary pancreatic cancers and 2 pancreatic cancer cell lines, despite the reportedly low frequency of chromosome 7 LOH in xenograft-enriched pancreatic cancers. Seventeen PCR-amplified CA-microsatellite polymorphic sites were analyzed. One of the two cell lines and eight common-type cancers (including all five poorly differentiated and three of five moderately differentiated cancers) showed chromosome 7q LOH, whereas the two uncommon types of ductal cancer (one adenosquamous and one mucinous noncystic) scored negative. Our data suggest that chromosome 7q LOH is a frequent event (80%) in cryostat-enrichable common pancreatic ductal carcinomas, that is, those primarily of high cellularity. The chromosome 7q smallest common deleted region described by our cases was between 7q31.1 and 7q32.
Hapten-Functionalized DNA-Streptavidin Nanocircles as Supramolecular Reagents in a Competitive Immuno-PCR Assay (2001)

Analysis with nanorings: The endogeneous proteins of supramolecular DNA nanocircles, obtained in high yields from oligomeric precursors containing bisbiotinylated DNA and streptavidin, are conveniently functionalized with biotinylated hapten moieties. These modular conjugates can be used as reagents in a novel competitive immunoassay for the high-sensitivity detection of low molecular weight analytes.
Digitally Controlled 10.5 GHz Complex Weight Circuit for Null Steering Arrays (1992)

Null steering array antennas require proper selection of the amplitude and phase on the excitation of each element. This paper describes a microstrip PIN-diode circuit that is capable of changing amplitude and phase at X-band frequencies. The device consists of a pair of variable attenuators and one-bit 180°phase-shifters. Digital control circuits have been built that use pre-stored calibration data. Measurements indicate that accurate attenuation and phase change can be obtained over all four quadrants of the complex plane.
Automatic repositioning of MRSI voxels in longitudinal studies: Impact on reproducibility of metabolite concentration measurements (2008)

Our results suggest that this approach is able to improve reproducibility in longitudinal MRS exams.
Targeting the PyMT Oncogene to Diverse Mammary Cell Populations Enhances Tumor Heterogeneity and Generates Rare Breast Cancer Subtypes (2012)

Human breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease composed of different histologies and molecular subtypes, many of which are not replicated in animal models. Here, we report a mouse model of breast cancer that generates unique tumor histologies including tubular, adenosquamous, and lipid-rich carcinomas. Utilizing a nononcogenic variant of polyoma middle T oncogene (PyMT) that requires a spontaneous base-pair deletion to transform cells, in conjunction with lentiviral transduction and orthotopic transplantation of primary mammary epithelial cells, this model sporadically induces oncogene expression in both the luminal and myoepithelial cell lineages of the normal mouse mammary epithelium. Microarray and hierarchical analyses using an intrinsic subtype gene set revealed that lentiviral PyMT generates both luminal and basal-like tumors. Cumulatively, these results show that low-level expression of PyMT in a broad range of cell types significantly increases tumor heterogeneity and establishes a mouse model of several rare human breast cancer subtypes.
Kinetics of removal of the hydrogen-bonded proton from substituted 1-phenylazo-2-naphthols by hydroxide ion (1986)

The effect of an intramolecular hydrogen bond on the rate coefficients and equilibrium constants for dissociation of a series of substituted 1-phenylazo-2-naphthols has been studied in basic solution. With an ionized 4-hydroxy substituent, the hydrogen bond is strong and leads to exceptionally low acidity (pK0 > 16) and to a half-life in the millisecond range for proton removal by hydroxide ion in 95%(v/v) Me2SO–H2O. The results are compared with those for other species in which hydroxy and azo groups are intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded.
A model for adenosine transport and metabolism (1992)

1. A model is presented for adenosine transport and metabolism in different steady states. The model considers steady-state equations for metabolic enzymes based on information from the literature on their kinetic behaviour. 2. Assuming that extracellular adenosine and inosine are translocated by three transporters, we have devised rate equations for these nucleoside transporters which are valid when both nucleosides are present. Since the Na(+)-independent transporter can either incorporate nucleosides into the cell or release them, various conditions have been simulated in which inosine was either incorporated or released. 3. Control analyses are reported which show that the fluxes towards intracellular adenine nucleosides are controlled by ecto-5'-nucleotidase in some circumstances and by the nucleoside transporters in others. The nucleoside transporter is responsible for five fluxes (two Na+ dependent adenosine transport mechanisms, a Na(+)-dependent inosine transport, a Na(+)-independent adenosine transport and a Na(+)-independent inosine influx or efflux) but the control is not always positive for all these fluxes. The control patterns of these five fluxes indicate that, in the presence of extracellular adenosine and inosine, the intracellular metabolism of adenine derivatives would be highly dependent on the extracellular and intracellular concentrations of both nucleosides, on the ectoenzymes (5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase) and on the transporter. 4. Predictions of the model were examined. The results indicate that a change in one independent variable (extracellular AMP concentration) makes the system evolve towards a new steady state which is far from the initial one and has a different control pattern. In contrast, simulation of inhibition of the carriers produces only slight modification of the fluxes since the concentrations of the metabolites change to counteract the effect. Thus, for instance, a 50% inhibition of the three carriers does not affect the flux towards intracellular adenine nucleotides. Finally, our model has confirmed that the evolution of the concentration of extracellular adenosine, when an increase in extracellular AMP is produced, agrees with the behaviour expected for a neurohormone.
Combining expert knowledge and unsupervised learning techniques for anomaly detection in aircraft flight data (2018)

Abstract Fault detection and isolation schemes are designed to detect the onset of adverse events during operations of complex systems, such as aircraft, power plants, and industrial processes. In this paper, we combine unsupervised learning techniques with expert knowledge to develop an anomaly detection method to find previously undetected faults from a large database of flight operations data. The unsupervised learning technique combined with a feature extraction scheme applied to the clusters labeled as anomalous facilitates expert analysis in characterizing relevant anomalies and faults in flight operations. We present a case study using a large flight operations data set, and discuss results to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Our method is general, and equally applicable to manufacturing processes and other industrial applications.
General Classes of Influence Measures for Multivariate Regression (1992)

Abstract Many of the existing measures for influential subsets in univariate ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis have natural extensions to the multivariate regression setting. Such measures may be characterized by functions of the submatrices H I of the hat matrix H, where I is an index set of deleted cases, and Q I , the submatrix of Q = E(E T E)−1 E T , where E is the matrix of ordinary residuals. Two classes of measures are considered: f(·)tr[H I Q I (I − H I − Q I ) a (I − H I ) b ] and f(·)det[(I − H I − Q I ) a (I − H I ) b ], where f is a scalar function of the dimensions of matrices and a and b are integers. These characterizations motivate us to consider separable leverage and residual components for multiple-case influence and are shown to have advantages in computing influence measures for subsets. In the recent statistical literature on regression analysis, much attention has been given to problems of detecting observations that, individually or jointly, exert a disproportionate influence on the outcome of univariate linear regression analysis and to assessing the influence of such cases, individually or jointly. By far the most popular approach is that of measuring the change in some feature of the analysis upon deletion of one or more of the cases. Various measures have been proposed that emphasize different aspects of influence on the regression. For a review of such methods, see Cook (1977, 1979), Belsley, Kuh, and Welsch (1980), Cook and Weisberg (1982), and Chatterjee and Hadi (1986, 1988). In this article we generalize some of the univariate measures of influence to the multivariate regression setting and then show that the generalized measures are special cases of two general classes of influence measures. There are other approaches to influence measures in regression diagnostics (see, for example, Cook 1986) that are not special cases of our general classes. The majority of the existing measures, however, are.
Effects of dietary cysteine on blood sulfur amino acid, glutathione, and malondialdehyde concentrations in cats. (1999)

Supplemental dietary cysteine may be indicated to promote glutathione synthesis and ameliorate adverse effects of oxidative damage induced by disease or drugs.
Glycosaminoglycans from pig duodenum. (1980)

A polysaccharide extract from pig duodenum, used in therapy as antilipemic, was shown by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods to be a mixture of the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) heparin (HEP), heparan sulfate (HS), dermatan sulfate (DeS), chondroitin sulfates (ChS) and hyaluronic acid (HA), in the ratio 24:31:23:9:13. The GAG mixture was fractionated with alkyl-ammonium salts, and, for DeS, with copper salts. Further purification of the fractions either by repeated complexation or by removal of residual impurities using specific enzymes or chemical reactions, permitted obtaining individual GAG more than 97% pure by electrophoretic and 1H-NMR analysis. These preparations will be used to assess the contribution of individual GAG to the biological activity of duodenal GAG extracts.
Tear and serum antibody levels in ocular herpetic infection: diagnostic precision of secretory IgA. (1986)

A sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to evaluate the potential of herpes simplex virus (HSV) specific antibodies in the diagnosis of herpetic eye infection. The presence of HSV specific secretory IgA (sIgA) in tears was found to be diagnostic of infection. However, serum and tear HSV specific IgG and IgA were not considered reliable indicators of active infection.
Rituximab in Severe Pemphigus (2009)

Pemphigus is a life-threatening autoimmune bullous disorder that requires long-term treatment with systemic corticosteroids mostly in conjunction with further immunosuppressants. Rituximab has opened a new avenue for severe and refractory pemphigus patients. In 95% of the 136 pemphigus patients reported to date in the English, French, and German literature, at least a partial remission has been achieved. In about two-thirds of communicated cases, application of rituximab resulted in the healing of all lesions. A controlled prospective study, however, has only recently being initiated. In pemphigus, rituximab is aimed at resetting the immune system to a condition in which autoreactive B lymphocytes are eliminated or sufficiently controlled. Here, we review mechanisms of action, different treatment protocols, clinical responses, and the safety profile of rituximab.