gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Low Power, High Throughput, Fully Event-Based Stereo System (2018)

We introduce a stereo correspondence system implemented fully on event-based digital hardware, using a fully graph-based non von-Neumann computation model, where no frames, arrays, or any other such data-structures are used. This is the first time that an end-to-end stereo pipeline from image acquisition and rectification, multi-scale spatiotemporal stereo correspondence, winner-take-all, to disparity regularization is implemented fully on event-based hardware. Using a cluster of TrueNorth neurosynaptic processors, we demonstrate their ability to process bilateral event-based inputs streamed live by Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS), at up to 2,000 disparity maps per second, producing high fidelity disparities which are in turn used to reconstruct, at low power, the depth of events produced from rapidly changing scenes. Experiments on real-world sequences demonstrate the ability of the system to take full advantage of the asynchronous and sparse nature of DVS sensors for low power depth reconstruction, in environments where conventional frame-based cameras connected to synchronous processors would be inefficient for rapidly moving objects. System evaluation on event-based sequences demonstrates a ~200 × improvement in terms of power per pixel per disparity map compared to the closest state-of-the-art, and maximum latencies of up to 11ms from spike injection to disparity map ejection.
A modular approach to addressing model design, scale, and parameter estimation issues in distributed hydrological modelling (2002)

Abstract A modular approach to model design and construction provides a flexible framework in which to focus the multidisciplinary research and operational efforts needed to facilitate the development, selection, and application of the most robust distributed modelling methods. A variety of modular approaches have been developed, but with little consideration for compatibility among systems and concepts. Several systems are proprietary, limiting any user interaction. The US Geological Survey modular modelling system (MMS) is a modular modelling framework that uses an open source software approach to enable all members of the scientific community to address collaboratively the many complex issues associated with the design, development, and application of distributed hydrological and environmental models. Implementation of a common modular concept is not a trivial task. However, it brings the resources of a larger community to bear on the problems of distributed modelling, provides a framework in which to compare alternative modelling approaches objectively, and provides a means of sharing the latest modelling advances. The concepts and components of the MMS are described and an example application of the MMS, in a decision‐support system context, is presented to demonstrate current system capabilities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic Voyages into Uncharted Chemical Space Produce a Representative Library of All Possible Drug-Like Compounds (2013)

The "small molecule universe" (SMU), the set of all synthetically feasible organic molecules of 500 Da molecular weight or less, is estimated to contain over 10(60) structures, making exhaustive searches for structures of interest impractical. Here, we describe the construction of a "representative universal library" spanning the SMU that samples the full extent of feasible small molecule chemistries. This library was generated using the newly developed Algorithm for Chemical Space Exploration with Stochastic Search (ACSESS). ACSESS makes two important contributions to chemical space exploration: it allows the systematic search of the unexplored regions of the small molecule universe, and it facilitates the mining of chemical libraries that do not yet exist, providing a near-infinite source of diverse novel compounds.
Effect of the Interposition of Calcium Phosphate Materials on Tendon-Bone Healing During Repair of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tear (2014)

Local application of CPS and HA bioceramic at the tendon-bone interface shows promise in improving healing after rotator cuff tear repair.
Theory of magnetic suspensions in liquid crystals (1970)

The present paper discusses some properties of small, elongated particles suspended in a nematic or cholesteric phase, with low concentrations (typical volume fraction occupied by the particle f ≊ 10-3). We find that in most cases the particle axis should be locked and parallel to the local nematic axis n(r). If such colloidal suspensions could be made successfully with magnetic grains, it should be possible to prepare « ferronematics » or « ferrocholesterics », where locally all particles are magnetized in one direction (colinear to n), and also « compensated » materials with no spontaneous magnetization. These three types of samples should all show remarkable distorsions and phase changes in low external fields H. Similar effects are expected under electric fields with colloidal suspensions of polar rod molecules such as helical polypeptides.
Proapoptotic Bid is required for pulmonary fibrosis (2006)

The molecular mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis are poorly understood. Previous reports indicate that activation of TGF-beta1 is essential for the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we report that the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bid is required for the development of pulmonary fibrosis after the intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Mice lacking Bid exhibited significantly less pulmonary fibrosis in response to bleomycin compared with WT mice. The attenuation in pulmonary fibrosis was observed despite similar levels of inflammation, lung injury, and active TGF-beta1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 5 days after the administration of bleomycin in mice lacking Bid and in WT controls. Bleomycin induced similar levels cell death in vitro in alveolar epithelial cells isolated from WT and bid(-/-) mice. By contrast, alveolar epithelial cells from bid(-/-) mice were resistant to TGF-beta1-induced cell death. These results indicate that Bcl-2 family members are critical regulators for the development of pulmonary fibrosis downstream of TGF-beta1 activation.
Color universal design: the selection of four easily distinguishable colors for all color vision types (2007)

The objective of this project is to establish a practical application of the concept of Color Universal Design (CUD), the design that is recognizable to all color vision types. In our research, we looked for a clearly distinguishable combination of hues of four colors - black, red, green, and blue - which are frequently used in these circumstances. Red-green confusion people do not confuse all kinds of red and all kinds of green. By selecting particular hues for each color, the ability to distinguish between the four colors should be greatly improved. Our study thus concluded that, by carefully selecting hues within the range of each color category, it is possible to establish color-combinations which are easily distinguishable to people of all color-vision types in order to facilitate visual communication.
Elastic waves in crystals under a bias (1982)

Abstract The temperature and stress induced effects on the propagation of elastic waves in anisotropic solids have been described by equations for dynamic fields superposed on a static bias. These equations are derived from the rotationally invariant equations of nonlinear elasticity for small dynamic fields superposed on a linear (infinitesimal) bias. The salient features of such equations of motion written in the reference and intermediate configurations of solids have been reviewed. The definitions of effective elastic constants in the two formulations and their relations with some of the earlier linearly based descriptions have been outlined. It has been shown that a proper description of nonlinear temperature induced effects on wave propagation in terms of either fundamental or effective elastic constants requires temperature derivatives of higher order elastic constants of quartz which are presently not available. Although the existing phenomenological approach based on a linearly based formulation yields satisfactory results in many instances, the discrepancy in some cases can be significant depending upon the anisotropy involved. Among other things, a perturbation procedure for the computation of the fractional change in the resonant frequency of bulk wave resonators and travel time of a surface wave in delay lines has been outlined. Many results have been reported in the literature from this procedure for situations when the bias is either homogeneous or inhomogeneous in the propagating medium. A few illustrative examples from the propagation of elastic waves in quartz under a mechanical or thermal bias are given.
Information gain from count corrections in SPECT image reconstruction and classification (1990)

The authors present a method for quantifying the impact of count correction side information on the capability of a SPECT (single-photon-emission computed tomography) projective tomography system to perform image (emitter) reconstruction and feature classification. The method involves computing the image or feature related information gain which results from the presence of count correction side information at the detector. For image reconstruction this information gain is computed using Shannon's mutual information, while for feature classification the cutoff rate of the SPECT information channel is used. For reconstruction the gain is proportional to the information divergence between the spatially dependent probability of deletion of a gamma -ray originating at a particular emitter location and the spatially independent average deletion probability. For classification the gain is proportional to the difference between the arithmetic mean and the geometric mean of the average number of gamma -ray deletions for each of the image classes. Results of analysis and numerical study are presented which indicate that the information gain associated with using count correction data is much more significant for reconstruction of the emitters than for classification of the emitter density when the total detected fluence is low.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of mechanical ventilation mode on intra-and postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery (2016)

Objective
To investigate the effect mechanical ventilation mode on intra-and postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) surgery.


Methods
According to the random number table method, a total of 88 patients scheduled to undergo lumbar spine surgery were randomly divided into two groups. Patients were received pressure controlled ventilation and volume controlled ventilation in pressure controlled ventilation (PCV group, n=44) and volume controlled ventilation (VCV group, n=44). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and central venous pressure (CVP) were monitored at the onset of anesthesia induction (T0), 10 min after supine position to prone position (T1) and skin closure immediately (T2), 10 min after prone position to supine position (T3) and when tracheal extubation (T4) respectively, and were determined at the above time points of two groups of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct). The respiration parameters were recorded from T0 to T3. The indicators were recorded in the two groups as following: the volume of intranperative blood loss, 72 h postoperative blood loss, the volume of allogeneic blood transfusion, the volume of fluid input and the rate of re-operation for stopping the bleeding.


Results
Compared with VCV group, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) were all lower increasingly from T1 to T3 in PCV group (P 0.05). The differences of Hb and Hct at different time points between the two groups have no statistical significance (P>0.05). Compared with VCV group, the volume of intranperative blood loss, the amount of transfused plasma and red blood cells were all notably lower in PCV group (P>0.05).


Conclusion
Intraoperative PCV can decrease intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing PLIF, which may be related to lower intraoperative peak inspiratory pressure.


Key words: 
Pressure controlled ventilation; Volume controlled ventilation; Lumbar spine surgery
NASA's L-Band Digital Beamforming Synthetic Aperture Radar (2011)

The Digital Beamforming Synthetic Aperture Radar (DBSAR) is a state-of-the-art L-band radar that employs advanced radar technology and a customized data acquisition and real-time processor in order to enable multimode measurement techniques in a single radar platform. DBSAR serves as a test bed for the development, implementation, and testing of digital beamforming radar techniques applicable to Earth science and planetary measurements. DBSAR flew its first field campaign on board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration P3 aircraft in October 2008, demonstrating enabling techniques for scatterometry, synthetic aperture, and altimetry.
Resonant Frequency Analysis of the Tibia as a Measure of Fracture Healing (1993)

The Resonant Frequency (RF) of the tibia is proportional to its stiffness. As a fractured tibia heals, its RF should increase. The RF was serially determined in 74 fractured tibias (205 examinations). These were subdivided by fracture location and fixation. Fast Fourier transform software generates the RF from data obtained with an instrumented impactor and accelerometer. The RF was normalized by expressing it as a ratio of the intact tibia. This ratio is called the tibial stiffness index (TSI). A 20 point tibial fracture score (TFS) quantitated the clinical and radiographic signs of healing. For each group the paired TSI and TFS were compared by regression analysis. Except for those fractures limited to the proximal fourth of the tibia, the TSI was found to correlate significantly (p = 0.0001) with the TFS. Fractures without fixation and those with unlocked, unreamed tibial nails showed very significant correlation of TSI with TFS (p = 0.0001). RF analysis was not useful in fractures with locked or reamed tibial nails. Examination of tibia with external fixation showed significant correlation (p = 0.02) of the TSI with the TFS.
Tuning Specific Biomolecular Interactions Using Electro‐Switchable Oligopeptide Surfaces (2010)

Abstract The ability to regulate biomolecular interactions on surfaces driven by an external stimuli is of great theoretical interest and practical impact in the biomedical and biotechnology fields. Herein, a new class of responsive surfaces that rely on electro‐switchable peptides to control biomolecular interactions on gold surfaces is presented. This system is based upon the conformational switching of positively charged oligolysine peptides that are tethered to a gold surface, such that bioactive molecular moieties (biotin) incorporated on the oligolysines can be reversibly exposed (bio‐active state) or concealed (bio‐inactive state) on demand, as a function of surface potential. The dynamics of switching the biological properties is studied by observing the binding events between biotin and fluorescently labeled NeutrAvidin. Fluorescence microscope images and surface plasmon resonance spectral data clearly reveal opposite binding behaviors when +0.3 V or −0.4 V vs. SCE are applied to the surface. High fluorescence intensities are observed for an applied positive potential, while minimal fluorescence is detected for an applied negative potential. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) results provided further evidence that NeutrAvidin binding to the surface is controlled by the applied potential. A large SPR response is observed when a positive potential is applied on the surface, while a negative applied potential induces over 90% reduction in NeutrAvidin binding.
Two asialoglycoprotein receptor polypeptides in human hepatoma cells. (1987)

Two cDNA clones isolated from a HepG2 lambda gt11 library encode the classical asialoglycoprotein receptor, H1, as well as a homologous membrane glycoprotein, H2 (Spiess, M., and Lodish, H.F. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 6465-6469). To study the relationship of H2 to H1 and its possible role in receptor-mediated endocytosis of desialyated glycoproteins, we generated anti-peptide antibodies that are specific for each polypeptide. As judged by metabolic labeling of HepG2 cells and specific immunoadsorption, the biosynthesis of H2 is similar to H1 (Schwartz, A.L., and Rup, D. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11249-11255); H2 is synthesized as a 43,000-dalton precursor polypeptide containing high mannose-type oligosaccharides, that is processed to a 50,000-dalton mature glycoprotein containing complex-type oligosaccharides. Both H1 and H2 have a half-life of approximately 12 h. Trypsin and neuraminidase digestion of intact cells at 4 and 12 degrees C was used to determine that, at steady state, 50-60 percent of both H1 and H2 are on the cell surface. Furthermore, all of the H2 molecules were digested by extracellular neuraminidase in 1 h at 37 degrees C, indicating that all gain access to the plasma membrane. Both H1 and H2 were purified to homogeneity when Triton X-100-solubilized membrane proteins from [35S]cysteine-labeled cells were subjected to affinity chromatography on galactose-agarose. Since we cannot detect a complex between mature H1 and H2, H2 must be a galactose-binding protein. Both quantitative immunoprecipitation of each polypeptide from HepG2 cells and the recovery of purified H1 and H2 from galactose-agarose affinity chromatography indicate that there is 5-6 times more H1 relative to H2. That H2 is a minor species, compared to H1, might explain why it was not observed until a specific antibody was utilized.
Human placental neuraminidase (1985)

Supernatant of homogenized human placenta hardly contains lysosomal neuraminidase activity. It is, however, possible to generate remarkably high activity by concentration of a partially purified glycoprotein fraction. This activity is labile to dilution, but can be stabilized by incubation at 37 degrees C and acid pH. Using beta-galactosidase specific affinity chromatography and immunotitration, we show that the activated and stabilized human lysosomal neuraminidase exists in a complex with beta-galactosidase. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation experiments demonstrate that the neuraminidase activity is exclusively present in a high density multimeric form of beta-galactosidase. The formation of multimeric forms of beta-galactosidase is known to require a 32000-Mr 'protective' protein. Monospecific antibodies against this 'protective' protein were purified from a conventional antiserum containing a mixture of antibodies against the 64000-Mr beta-galactosidase protein and against the 32000-Mr 'protective' protein, using a nitrocellulose blot immunoaffinity purification procedure. Immunotitration experiments with these antibodies show that the 32000-Mr 'protective' protein is present both in association with the beta-galactosidase multimer and with the high-density multimeric form together with neuraminidase. Our data further suggest that association of the 32000-Mr 'protective' protein and another yet unidentified subunit is essential for the catalytic activity of lysosomal neuraminidase. These results explain the absence of neuraminidase activity in the autosomal recessive human lysosomal storage disorder galactosialidosis, where the 32000-Mr 'protective' protein is known to be absent.
Superconductor–insulator–superconductor tunnel strip line: Features and applications (1996)

The superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) tunnel junction based on Nb material has been investigated theoretically at frequencies of 200–1400 GHz by modeling it as a segment of a superconducting microstrip transmission line and using the Mattis–Bardeen theory of anomalous skin effect. The modeling was used to predict the performance of a flux-flow oscillator (FFO) and a SIS frequency down-converter (mixer). It is shown that in a FFO the internal loss (quasiparticle and surface) limits flux flow to the frequency band of 260–770 GHz. A SIS junction of micron size employed as a mixer for frequency down-conversion demonstrates distributed behavior at frequencies above 550 GHz. We suggest that electrically long SIS junctions of resonant size can be used as self-compensating mixing elements with attractive performance in Nb as well as NbN mixers.
Polarization Effects in Optical Free Space Communications (1986)

Polarization control in free space laser communications systems plays a critical role in systems modeling, design and configuration. The key issues of transmit/receive isolation and transmitted beam polarization form the basis of the discussion. Optical systems utilizing polarization effects differ from conventional optical systems in both design and analytical treatment. Starting with a review of polarization definitions and concepts, the discussion proceeds with the outline of a polarization based laser communications satellite design. The practical performance limitations due to polarization effects are discussed. The Mueller Calculus matrix algebra method is presented as a convenient and powerful analysis technique for analyzing polarization effects. Computer simulated polarization performance for the two satellite configuration of a laser cross link communications system illustrates this point.
Efficient side-pumping of fibre lasers using binary gold diffraction gratings (2003)

A report is presented of a novel side-coupling method of high-power single stripe diode lasers into double-clad fibres. Grating design considerations and experimental results with high coupling efficiencies are presented. The scalability of this method is shown by incoherent superposition of several pump diodes in a fibre laser.
The DFRC Method for Lignin Analysis. Part 3. NMR Studies (1998)

Abstract Two key reactions in the DFRC method have been examined by NMR. Both acetyl bromide (AcBr) derivatization of lignin and Zn reductive elimination of the β-bromo derivatives from lignin were highly selective and essentially quantitative. Treatment with AcBr in acetic acid efficiently converted β-aryl ether substructures of lignins into β-bromo ethers while γ-hydroxy and phenol groups were acetylated; the following Zn step cleaved brominated β-aryl ethers forming the expected cinnamyl acetates. In view of the high selectivity of AcBr reactions with lignin units and the solubilization of lignocellulosic materials, AcBr derivatization of lignins can be used for NMR characterization of whole lignins.
Aircraft electrical systems - coping with harmonics for changing power demands (2009)

Future electrical loads and increasing load trends will eventually exceed generating capacities of existing Electrical Power Systems (EPS) designs in fast jet aircraft. Space constraints, weight constraints and aerodynamic implications means simply up scaling generator size is impractical. The future addition of avionics, pilot interfaces, sensor system upgrades such as radar and the shift to the More Electric Aircraft (MEA) will contribute to the inevitable rise. This situation drives the need to increase existing electrical efficiencies or improve the design of the EPS. This paper looks into the efficiency issues from the perspective of on board power quality in conjunction with harmonics. The context of investigation is; existing fast jet EPS that utilise constant frequency AC primary electrical power achieved through constant speed drive. A literature review and modelling of nonlinear loads of such aircraft EPS allow understanding and aid investigation.