gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and Properties of Palladium Complexes Containing Phosphorus−Nitrogen−Phosphorus Ligands with a Tunable Hemilabile Site (1999)

A series of phosphorus−nitrogen−phosphorus (PNP) ligands of the type R−N(CH2CH2PPh2)2 (R = C(O)(C6H4OMe-p), tBu, Ph, C6H4OMe-p) have been prepared. Their coordination chemistry to palladium(II) and palladium(0) complexes was examined using a combination of X-ray crystallography, NMR, and electrochemical techniques. The palladium(0) complexes undergo reactions with aryl iodides to give the palladium(II) complexes [Pd(Ar){R−N(CH2CH2PPh2)2}]+I-, where the rate of oxidative addition was found to be dependent on the nature of the aryl group, as well as the substitution on nitrogen.
Mimo Relaying for Multi-Point to Multi-Point Communication in Wireless Networks (2007)

In this paper, we propose a relaying scheme that uses a fixed multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) relay to improve the performance of the multi-point to multi-point communication in wireless networks. Under the assumption that the perfect channel state information (CSI) is known, we propose the MIMO relay which minimizes its total transmit power by satisfying the signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR) requirement for all destinations. This paper shows that the aforementioned problem is non-convex but it can be relaxed to a convex problem using the semidefinite relaxation technique. Computer simulations show that the proposed MIMO relay outperforms the conventional all-pass MIMO relay.
Content analysis based on text mining using genetic algorithm (2010)

This paper proposes a method employing text mining techniques to analyze e-mails collected at various source. The method inputs the subject and the body of an email and decides a text class for the e-mail. Also, the method extracts key concepts from e-mails and presents their statistical information. The results of numerical experiments indicate that acquired concept relation dictionaries correspond to the intuition of operators in the customer center and give highly precise ratios in the classification.
Characterization of Skip or Far Track Erasure in a Side Shield Design (2009)

Side track erasure (STE), either skip or far track, has been studied for a PMR writer with side shielded (SS) design. Both bit error rate (BER) and noise amplitude based STE measurements indicate the side writing fields are strong at SS bottom corners and/or inner edges. With DC background low-frequency noise amplitude measurement, the root cause of the STE is characterized as flux from main pole tip going into media soft under-layer (SUL) and returning to SS bottom corners and/or inner edges. Moreover, the return flux path is identified with a unique one-sided signature depending on the pole polarity and shield initialization direction and can switch side when pole polarity or shield initialization direction is changed. By employing magnetic force microscope (MFM) analysis of a SS head under two shield initialization directions, we can explain this unique one-sided flux path by the observed SS domain structure. Furthermore, a micro-magnetic modeling of the SS design is constructed to understand the observation qualitatively.
Research on the filters used in the PWM VSR (2008)

PWM VSR is widely used in different power equipments to depress the harmonic of the ac-side current and improve power factor. In this paper, the operating principle and the control scheme of the single phase PWM rectifiers are introduced firstly, P(proportion) controller is used in the ac current control loop to ensure the ac-side current track the current reference fast, the related equations are deduced in details. The filter in the ac-side current feedback link is absolutely necessary to eliminate the high-order harmonic mixed with the useful signal; if the filter is set incorrectly in the control block, it will cause the phase shift of the sample signals, and the relevant time delay in the feedback signals will not be neglectable, it will deteriorate the whole system, even make the system unstable. To eliminate 2nd harmonic signal in dc voltage, the traditional second-order low-pass filter is employed in many control schemes; a notch filter is presented in this paper, and comparative studies between the low-pass filter and notch filter are carried out. The notch filter can alleviate the 2nd harmonic signal in the dc voltage signal remarkably, so it will depress the 3rd harmonic component in the ac current reference, and it will maintain the ac-side input current of the PWM rectifier with less harmonic and higher power factor. Due to that the notch filter doesn’t affect other band signals; it will not worsen the dynamic response of the whole system. At last, the conclusion is verified by simulation results. A 4.5KVA prototype is constructed, and the related experiment results testify the analysis in the paper.
Localization of the Cyclic ADP-Ribose-Dependent Calcium Signaling Pathway in Bovine Rod Outer Segments (2007)

A cADPR metabolism may be present in retinal ROS discs, which may be Ca(2+) stores operated by cADPR. A model is proposed for the physiological role of cADPR-mediated Ca(2+) release in bovine ROS.
Alphaherpesvirus origin-binding protein homolog encoded by human herpesvirus 6B, a betaherpesvirus, binds to nucleotide sequences that are similar to ori regions of alphaherpesviruses (1994)

We previously identified a human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) homolog of the alphaherpesvirus origin-binding protein (OBP), exemplified by the herpes simplex virus type 1 UL9 gene product. This finding is of particular interest because HHV-6B is otherwise more closely related to members of the betaherpesvirus subfamily. The prototypic betaherpesvirus, human cytomegalovirus, does not encode an obvious OBP homolog and contains a more complex origin of replication than do alphaherpesviruses. Thus, analysis of the function of the HHV-6B OBP homolog is essential for understanding the mechanism of HHV-6B DNA replication initiation. The HHV-6B OBP homolog, OBPH6B, was expressed in vitro by coupled transcription and translation and in insect cells by infection with recombinant baculoviruses. The expressed protein bound to two DNA sequences located upstream of the HHV-6B major DNA-binding protein gene homolog, within a region that was predicted to serve as an origin of replication on the basis of its sequence properties. The binding sites lie within 23-bp segments and are similar to OBP-binding sites of herpes simplex virus type 1. The two OBPH6B-binding sequences are separated by an AT-rich region and have an imperfect dyad symmetry as do the alphaherpesvirus origin regions. We identified OBPH6B transcripts by reverse transcription PCR in HHV-6B-infected Molt-3 cells. These results suggest that OBPH6B functions in a manner analogous to the alphaherpesvirus OBP and that initiation of HHV-6B DNA replication may resemble that of alphaherpesviruses.
Defective IL-10 signaling in hyper-IgE syndrome results in impaired generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells and induced regulatory T cells (2011)

Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent staphylococcal infections and atopic dermatitis associated with elevated serum IgE levels. Although defective differentiation of IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells (Th17) partly accounts for the susceptibility to staphylococcal skin abscesses and pneumonia, the pathogenesis of atopic manifestations in HIES still remains an enigma. In this study, we examined the differentiation and function of Th1, Th2, regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells), and dendritic cells (DCs) in HIES patients carrying either STAT3 or TYK2 mutations. Although the in vitro differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells and the number and function of T(reg) cells in the peripheral blood were normal in HIES patients with STAT3 mutations, primary and monocyte-derived DCs showed defective responses to IL-10 and thus failed to become tolerogenic. When treated with IL-10, patient DCs showed impaired up-regulation of inhibitory molecules on their surface, including PD-L1 and ILT-4, compared with control DCs. Moreover, IL-10-treated DCs from patients displayed impaired ability to induce the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells to FOXP3(+) induced T(reg) cells (iT(reg) cells). These results suggest that the defective generation of IL-10-induced tolerogenic DCs and iT(reg) cells may contribute to inflammatory changes in HIES.
Leukoerythroblastic anemia in metastatic prostate cancer. Clinical and prognostic significance in patients with hormone-refractory disease (1993)

LKEA is a relatively common finding in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer and is associated with greater transfusion requirements. Its presence, however, does not affect survival significantly.
A 10Gb/s CMOS AGC Amplifier with 35dB Dynamic Range for 10Gb Ethernet (2006)

A 10Gb/s AGC amplifier is implemented in 0.18μm CMOS technology. The circuit uses a linear-in-dB controlled VGA with 58dB tuning range. For input swings from 18mV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> to 1V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> , the output swing is 430mV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> within +0.4 to -0.8dB variations. The measured dynamic range is 35dB with BER <10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> . The AGC consumes 54mW from a 1.8V supply
Clinical Significance of Bone Marrow Micrometastasis Detected by Nested RT-PCR for Keratin-19 in Breast Cancer Patients (2003)

The method of nested RT-PCR to detect the presence of keratin-19 mRNA in bone marrow from patients with breast cancer is sensitive and reliable. Moreover, early recurrence was observed in the patients with the tumor mRNA detected in bone marrow. Additional studies with larger numbers of patients and longer follow-up are desirable.
Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers: Biological Markers in Depression (2007)

Biological markers for depression are of great interest to aid in elucidating the causes of major depression. We assess currently available biological markers to query their validity for aiding in the diagnosis of major depression. We specifically focus on neurotrophic factors, serotonergic markers, biochemical markers, immunological markers, neuroimaging, neurophysiological findings, and neuropsychological markers. We delineate the most robust biological markers of major depression. These include decreased platelet imipramine binding, decreased 5-HT1A receptor expression, increase of soluble interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-6 in serum, decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor in serum, hypocholesterolemia, low blood folate levels, and impaired suppression of the dexamethasone suppression test. To date, however, none of these markers are sufficiently specific to contribute to the diagnosis of major depression. Thus, with regard to new diagnostic manuals such as DSM-V and ICD-11 which are currently assessing whether biological markers may be included in diagnostic criteria, no biological markers for major depression are currently available for inclusion in the diagnostic criteria.
Sharing Health Data for Better Outcomes on PatientsLikeMe (2010)

We have established that members of the community reported a range of benefits, and that these may be related to the extent of site use. Third party validation and longitudinal evaluation is an important next step in continuing to evaluate the potential of online data-sharing platforms.
An Emulsion Based Microarray Method to Detect the Toxin Genes of Toxin-Producing Organisms (2011)

Toxins produced by bacteria and fungi are one of the most important factors which may cause food contamination. The study of detection methods with high sensitivity and throughput is significant for the protection of food safety. In the present study, we coupled microarray with emulsion PCR and developed a high throughput detection method. Thirteen different gene sites which encode the common toxins of several bacteria and fungi were assayed in parallel in positive and maize samples. Conventional PCR assays were carried out for comparison. The results showed that the developed microarray method had high specificity and sensitivity. Two zearalenone-related genes were investigated in one of the ten maize samples obtained with this present method. The results indicated that the emulsion based microarray detection method was developed successfully and suggested its potential application in multiple gene site detection.
A hybrid HVDC transmission system supplying a passive load (2010)

The operational characteristics of a Voltage Source Converter (VSC)-HVDC transmission system make it a versatile asset in modern power systems. The advantages of the new technology are somewhat offset by some drawbacks, such as the high power losses, equipment insulation stresses, and relatively high cost. A hybrid Line Commutated Converter (LCC)-VSC HVDC transmission system combines the benefits of both conventional LCC and new VSC technologies. In this paper, a hybrid HVDC system is used to supply a passive AC network. The control systems for rectifier and inverter are discussed, along with additional control schemes for starting, load shedding, and potential AC network fault situations. The operational characteristics of the hybrid system under selected control modes are validated by EMTP-RV simulation under both steady state and transient conditions such as load shedding and AC faults. Finally, a brief performance analysis of transmission efficiency and harmonic distortion is presented.
Doppler Parameter Estimation for Spaceborne Synthetic-Aperture Radars (1985)

Problems in the determination of Doppler parameters for spaceborne synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) data processing are examined. The degradations in image quality due to errors in these parameters are summarized. We show that these parameters can be estimated using accurate spacecraft ancillary data. In cases where such data are not available, we propose two techniques to estimate these parameters using the coherent radar return. These techniques were tested with the Seasat SAR data and the test results demonstrate that the accuracies achieved exceed the system performance requirements. Possible applications of these techniques in other areas of SAR data utilization are briefly discussed.
Modafinil as Adjunct Therapy for Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2001)

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome can experience residual daytime sleepiness despite regular use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study assessed the efficacy and safety of modafinil for the treatment of residual daytime sleepiness in such patients. Patients received modafinil (n = 77) (200 mg/d, Week 1; 400 mg/d, Weeks 2 to 4) or matching placebo (n = 80) once daily for 4 wk. Modafinil significantly improved daytime sleepiness, with significantly greater mean changes from baseline in Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores at Weeks 1 and 4 (p < 0.001) and in multiple sleep latency times (MSLT) at Week 4 (p < 0.05). The percentage of patients with normalized daytime sleepiness (Epworth score < 10) was significantly higher with modafinil (51%) than with placebo (27%) (p < 0.01), but not for MSLT (> 10 min; 29% versus 25%). Headache (modafinil, 23%; placebo, 11%; p = 0.044) and nervousness (modafinil, 12%; placebo, 3%; p = 0.024) were the most common adverse events. During modafinil or placebo treatment, the mean duration of nCPAP use was 6.2 h/night, with no significant change from baseline observed between groups. Modafinil may be a useful adjunct treatment for the management of residual daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome who are regular users of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy.
Robust Reconstruction of Interior Building Structures with Multiple Rooms under Clutter and Occlusions (2013)

We present a robust approach for reconstructing the architectural structure of complex indoor environments given a set of cluttered input scans. Our method first uses an efficient occlusion-aware process to extract planar patches as candidate walls, separating them from clutter and coping with missing data. Using a diffusion process to further increase its robustness, our algorithm is able to reconstruct a clean architectural model from the candidate walls. To our knowledge, this is the first indoor reconstruction method which goes beyond a binary classification and automatically recognizes different rooms as separate components. We demonstrate the validity of our approach by testing it on both synthetic models and real-world 3D scans of indoor environments.
Perceptual-based coding mode decision (2010)

The framework of rate-distortion optimization (RDO) has been widely adopted for video coding to achieve a good trade-off between bit-rate and distortion. However, objective distortion metrics such as mean square error traditionally used in this framework are poorly correlated with perceptual video quality. To address this issue, we incorporate the structural similarity index as a quality metric into the framework and develop a predictive Lagrange multiplier selection technique to resolve the chicken-and-egg dilemma of perceptual-based RDO. The resulting perceptual-based RDO is then applied to H.264 intra mode decision as an illustration of the application of the proposed technique. Given a perceptual quality level, 5%-10% bit rate reduction over the JM reference software of H.264 is achieved. Subjective evaluation further confirms that, at the same bit-rate, the proposed perceptual RDO preserves image details and prevents block artifact better than the traditional RDO.
Microfabricated smerical bi-convex quartz crystal microbalance array (2005)

A miniaturized spherical bi-convex quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) array was fabricated by reactive ion etching (RIE) and photoresist reflow with solvent vapor technology. The spherical convex shape is necessary to suppress a spurious mode and obtain a high Q factor. Not only can the large-radius spherical convex shape be achieved by this technology, but also miniaturization and batch fabrication. The Q factor of the fabricated QCM (80000) is two times higher than that of the planar QCM, and the spurious mode around the fundamental vibration mode is suppressed very well. It also has superior resonant characteristic under the viscoelastic liquid.
Deposition techniques for dielectric films on semiconductor devices (1977)

Techniques for forming dielectric layers for fabricating semiconductor components are reviewed, including (1) low-pressure techniques: evaporation, sputtering, plasma deposition, and low-pressure CVD, (2) techniques operating at one atmosphere total pressure: thermal oxidation, chemical vapor deposition, anodization, electrophoresis, spin on, spray on, silk screening, and (3) a number of miscellaneous techniques: roller coating, offset printing, centrifugation–sedimentation, and transfer. The advantages and limitations of the methods are presented and typical applications are given. Novel applications of the technology to other-than-silicon semiconductor devices are outlined, and future trends in the technology are indicated.
A novel passive protected SONET bi-directional self-healing ring architecture (2002)

The authors present a cost-effective implementation for a four-fiber bidirectional self-healing ring architecture (BSHR/4) which uses a totally passive ring as the protection ring of the BSHR/4. The proposed passive protected SONET BSHR/4 uses a SONET ring to carry working traffic, and a passive ring to carry protection traffic in case of network component failures. The passive protection ring, which is composed of optical switches and optical amplifiers, is essentially an optical add-drop protection ring, where optical switches of two ends of the failed facility act as optical add-drop components and optical switches of intermediate ring nodes are used as optical pass-through components. The optical sign add-drop is controlled by SONET add-drop multiplexers. A SONET control scheme for this implementation is discussed. The proposed BSHR/4 is attractive not only because it has a significant cost advantage over conventional BSHR/4 implementations, but also because it can easily evolve from any two-fiber ring, including the two-fiber bidirectional ring, with a minimum capital investment but gaining twice the capacity of the two-fiber ring.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Network interface virtualization in wireless communication for multi-streaming service (2011)

In this paper, we suggest a multiple streaming method with virtualized network interface in wireless environment. A virtualization provides new interface mechanism to system by mitigating restrictions of hardware. Our virtualized system which has virtualized network interface can communicate with multiple AP(Access Point)s as system has several network interfaces in wireless environment. Each several virtualized network interface connect with several APs. The most stable connection becomes main-connection and others become sub-connections. By this mechanism we can improve streaming performance such as multi-path streaming without relay server, ensuring flexibility for mobile communication, providing better quality of service with SVC encoded video and improving error resilience in wireless environment.
Nonstationary two-level resonance fluorescence (1977)

Analytic expressions are obtained for the spectrum of the light scattered when a collimated atomic beam is illuminated at right angles to its path by a CW monochromatic laser beam tuned to resonance with a two-level transition. The spectra vary depending on the portion of the interaction region from which the scattered light emanates. The spectrum of the light from a finite sub-region of the interaction volume is described as a function of the location and length of the sub-region, and of the intensity and frequency of the laser. Several interesting features related to the turn-on of the interaction as well as to the finite observation interval are found.