gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of periodic turning as an aeration mechanism for pulp and paper mill sludge composting (1998)

The effectiveness of periodic turning as a method of aerating a pulp and paper mill sludge (PMS) produced by Australian Newsprint Mills during windrow composting was determined by monitoring spatial and temporal changes in O 2 consump tion and CO 2 accumulation in situ. Gas exchange during the static phase was found to be limited to the outer periphery of the windrow with interstitial O 2 being reduced to 0 to 2% in the pile centre between 2 and 6 hours after turning, indicat ing that the piles were oxygen starved for most of the trial, however, at no time was methane detected. The effectiveness of periodic turning in replenishmg interstitial O 2 and elimi nating CO 2 decreased as composting progressed, due to an increase in bulk density which reduced the volume of voids participating in gas exchange. This was particularly evident when the bulk density of PMS increased to more than 550 kg m -3 . The volumetric quotient of CO 2 produced to O 2 con sumed in a given interstitial gas sample was found to be a bet ter indicator of whether aerobic or anaerobic conditions were present, than simply considering the level of interstitial O 2 . An upward convective flow of gas existing in the PMS wind row during the static phase was not sufficient to maintain aer obic conditions withm the pile. Periodic turning of PMS in static windrows was found to be ineffective in maintaining aerobic conditions, suggesting that a reduction in pile height, addition of a bulking agent to improve porosity and/or the installation of open-ended perforated plastic pipes could improve aeration during the static phase. Such measures are relatively inexpensive and would significantly reduce the time required to produce a stable compost.
The molecular basis of sperm-oocyte membrane interactions during mammalian fertilization (2002)

Gamete membrane interactions begin with adhesion (binding) of the sperm to the oocyte plasma membrane and culminate with fusion of the membranes of the gametes, thus creating the zygote through the union of these two very different cells. This review summarizes the molecular and cell biology of the cell-cell interactions between mammalian gametes. Recent research studies have provided new insights into the complexity of these interactions and into the importance of multimeric molecular networks and optimal membrane order in both sperm and oocytes for successful fertilization. Molecules that will be highlighted include cysteine-rich secretory protein 1 (CRISP1) and ADAMs [fertilin alpha (ADAM1), fertilin beta (ADAM2) and cyritestin (ADAM3)] on sperm, and integrins, CD9, and other integrin-associated proteins on oocytes, as well as other molecules. The characteristics of these gamete molecules are summarized, followed by discussions of the experimental data that provide evidence for their participation in gamete membrane interactions, and also of the specific roles that these molecules might play. Insights from a variety of research areas, including gamete biology, cell adhesion, and membrane fusion, are put together for a tentative model of how sperm-oocyte adhesion and fusion occur. The clinical relevance of correct gamete membrane interactions is also noted.
Numerical distortion in single-tone DDS (2002)

Spurious performance of direct digital synthesis (DDS) is partly caused by two quantization operations in its numerical (i.e. digital) part. These errors are deterministic and periodic in the time domain, therefore they appear as line spectra (undesired components: spurs) in the frequency domain. Hence it is quite natural to analyze the effects by DFT (discrete Fourier transform). The amplitude quantization (AQ), being present permanently, causes harmonically related spurs, while phase truncation (PT) produces spurs around the output frequency by phase modulation. However, as a consequence of DDS sampling process, spurs would be folding back into the DDS bandwidth (first Nyquist zone) and possibly overlapping. A simple procedure is presented for evaluating location and level of spurs, which are due to numerical distortion in a standard DDS system. Examples using an interactive math tool are available online.
Graphene on nanoscale gratings for the generation of terahertz Smith-Purcell radiation (2014)

Generation of THz radiation based on the Smith-Purcell effect in graphene is investigated numerically. The specific device geometry considered involves an electrically biased single-layer sheet of graphene deposited on a periodic array of holes in a solid substrate. Rigorous electrodynamic simulations combined with a basic model of charge transport are presented, showing that technologically significant output power levels can be obtained at geometrically tunable THz frequencies. These results suggest that graphene is a uniquely suited materials platform for the demonstration of THz electron-beam radiation mechanisms in compact solid-state systems.
High Current Vacuum Arcs Stabilized by Axial Magnetic Fields (1973)

This report comprises the following experiments and an analysis on the fundamental properties of vacuum arcs. They are photographic observation, volt-ampere characteristics in axial magnetic fields, the axial electric field derived from the difference of arcing voltages corresponding to two different electrode spacings, the arc pressure by diamagnetic flux measurement, the arc temperature by relative intensity measurement of CuII lines, and a simple analysis of vacuum arc column stabilized by axial magnetic field.
Determination of Lead in Air (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Lead in AirL. J. Snyder, W. R. Barnes, and J. V. TokosCite this: Anal. Chem. 1948, 20, 8, 772–776Publication Date (Print):August 13, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 13 August 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60020a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60020a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A case study: Small scale wind turbine system selection and economic viability (2018)

Increasing electricity production costs coupled with rising energy prices drive people to become energy independent. Wind energy systems can be one of the most cost-effective home-based renewable energy systems. A small-scale wind turbine can reduce the electricity bill slightly or up to 100% depending on the quality of wind resource of the site. More people across the world are seeking a solution against increasing electricity rates and a way to harvest their local wind resources. The aim of the study is to analyse an economic viability of a small-scale wind turbine system for residential use in southern Turkey. For this objective, firstly, an actual onsite wind data is evaluated. Five different on-grid small-scale wind energy production system alternatives which required to meet the electricity demand are offered. Performance of each turbine are examined; cost and benefit analysis based on cash flow, net present value, levelised cost of energy and payback periods are calculated. Recommendations are provided to the investor to make a decision on the optimum wind turbine selection based on performance and economic viability for the given site. At last, an overview of what is feasible on the preferred site is presented.
Computer Simulation of Pore-Water Pressure (2014)

An appropriate analysis of pore pressure models under irregular loading effects is provided. the model is based on liquefaction test with the constant amplitude loading and pore pressure model, based on the accumulated principle of residual pore pressure, using the differential method: superposition method and optimization method. Using constant amplitude loading liquefied test, and artificial modulation irregular load liquefied test and earthquake wave input dynamic triaxial liquefied test on model, the system has been tested, the result displayed: (1) the model can better simulate the results of constant amplitude loading liquefied test; (2) the model can better describe the trend on artificial modulation irregular load liquefied test results (3) the model can describe pore-pressure growth law under earthquake wave, and also can better analysis on differential pore-pressure under different type of earthquake wave (4) the model has less parameters, can analysis of pore-pressure in real time, easy to use.
Reduced protein adsorption on plastics via direct plasma deposition of triethylene glycol monoallyl ether (1997)

The direct plasma-induced deposition of tri(ethylene glycol) monoallyl ether is reported. RF plasma polymerization of this monomer was carried out under both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed plasma operation. The major focus of this work was optimization of the degree of retention of the C-O-C bonds of the starting monomer during the deposition process. This successfully was accomplished using low RF power during the CW runs and low RF duty cycles during the pulsed plasma experiments. Spectroscopic analysis of the plasma films revealed a strong dependence of film composition on the RF power and duty cycles employed. In particular, an unusually high level of film chemistry compositional control was demonstrated for the pulsed plasma studies, with film composition varying in a steady, progressive fashion with sequential changes in the ratios of plasma on to plasma off times. This film chemistry controllability is demonstrated despite the relatively low volatility of the starting monomer. The utility of this plasma deposition approach in introducing polyethylene oxide (PEO) structures on solid substrates was evaluated via protein adsorption studies. Radiolabeled bovine albumin adsorption was studied on plasma-modified poly(ethylene teraphthalate) (PET) substrates. Dramatic reductions in both initial adsorption and retention of this protein were observed on PET samples having maximal PEO content relative to its adsorption on untreated PET surfaces. Good stability and adhesion of the plasma films to the underlying PET substrates were observed, as evidenced from prolonged immersion of plasma-treated surfaces in aqueous solution. Overall, the results obtained from the present work provide additional support for the utility of one-step plasma process to reduce biological fouling of surfaces via deposition of PEO surface units.
Antithrombogenicity of immobilized Urokinase (1978)

Urokinase (UK) has been immobilized on nylon monofilaments, tubes and sheets, by the method of Edelman et al. (1971). The quantity of immobilized UK by this method was estimated to be 0.05-0.06U/cm2.The fibrinolytic activities were observed on the standard fibrin plates after incubation at 37°C, for 12-24 hours.The immobilized UK showed fibrinolytic activity even after preservation at 4°C, for long term and even after heat-treatment at 70°C for 15min. These results have been published previously.The fibrinolytic activity of immobilized UK was prevented by “antiplasmin” which exists in normal human plasma. So, we have devised a modified technique to immobilize UK on nylon for the purpose of increasing the quantity of binding UK on nylon and of suppressing the activity of antiplasmin. In our technique, Gantrez (G) (copolymer of maleic anhydride and methylvinyl ether) was used to increase quantity of UK (immobilized) on nylon and Nitrophthalic acid (NP) as antiplasmin inhibitor.The samples we had produced by the devised method revealed remarkable fibrinolytic activities in the existence of human plasma.The fibrinolytic activities of immobilized UK decreased gradually by repeated incubations. After several repetitions, they settled to a constant value, which was measured at 10-25% of the initial activity. The constant value is considered to represent the quantity of UK which had coupled covalently on the nylon surface.Antithrombogenicity of immobilized UK was observed employing the method of chandler, by taking measure of thrombus formation time (TFT). Two kinds of anticoagulants were used to test the antithrombogenicity.The anticoagulants were FP-522 and EG-626, which had been tested as anti-platelet-aggregation medicaments.The results of these studies were summarized like follows:1) TFT of non-treated nylon tubes were within ten min.2) TFT of UK-immobilized nylon tubes with G and NP, were over 45min.3) TFT of non-treated nylon tubes with clinical dosage of FP-522 solution were over 45min.Antithrombogenecity of immobilized UK and clinical dosage of FP-522 were found to be effective.Possibilities of immobilization of another fibrinolytic or thrombolytic agents must be examined. We are carrying out the next studies in vivo, employing the immobilized UK.
T cell regulation of b cell activation. Cloned Lyt-1+2-T suppressor cells inhibit the major histocompatibility complex-restricted interaction of T helper cells with B cells and/or accessory cells. (1983)

The present studies have identified cloned Lyt-1+2- T suppressor (Ts) cells that are both antigen specific and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted in their activation requirements and that function to regulate the MHC-restricted activation of B cells by T helper (Th) cells. ParentA-restricted Ts clones suppressed, in antigen-specific fashion, the responses generated by (A X B)F1 Th cells cooperating with parentA (B plus accessory) cells, but did not suppress responses by the same (A X B)F1 Th cell population cooperating with parentB (B plus accessory) cells. Moreover, responses of (A X B)F1 leads to parentA Th cells and (A X B)F1 (B plus accessory) cells were suppressed by parentA-restricted Ts clones but not by parentB-restricted Ts clones. Thus, these findings suggest that the cloned Ts cells that have been characterized here function by specifically inhibiting the MHC-restricted interaction between Th cells and B and/or accessory cells. It was further demonstrated in experiments using cloned Th and Ts populations that these Lyt-1+2-Ts cells act not simply as inducers of suppressor but rather function in a restricted fashion as effector cells in the suppressor pathway.
Permissive Effects of Hormones on Lipolysis<sup>1</sup> (1970)

Hypophysectomy severely reduced glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) production by segments of epididymal fat. Preincubation of adipose tissue from either hypophysectomized or normal rats with dexamethasone (.016 μg/ml) increased glycerol and FFA production in response to low concentrations of epinephrine (.01–0.05 μg/ml). This effect of dexamethasone had a lag period in excess of 2 hr, and was blocked by actinomycin d. Glucose was not required. Even greater potentiation was seen when growth hormone was also present. It is suggested that acute effects of dexamethasone on lipolysis may result from some modification in the metabolism of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, secondary to the induction of synthesis of some new species of protein. Pretreatment of hypophysectomized rats with triiodothyronine (T3, 5 μg/rat) also markedly potentiated the lipolytic response of segments of adipose tissue to epinephrine and theophylline when tested in vitro 16 hr later. This effect of T3 was not inhibited by actinomycin d. At 3, 6 and 12 hr after injection, T3 increased lipolysis in response to epinephrine but not to theophylline. Exposure of adipose tissue to T8 in vitro at a concentration of 10−6M for 3 or 6 hr failed to increase the lipolytic response to epinephrine in the subsequent hour. Addition of T3in vitro along with growth hormone and dexamethasone produced no greater increase in the lipolytic response to epinephrine than did growth hormone and dexamethasone alone. Lipolysis in response to epinephrine was not enhanced by dexamethasone or dexamethasone and growth hormone when tested in tissues of hypophysectomized rats which received T3 16 hr earlier. It is suggested that T2 causes multiple, temporally separable modifications of the lipolytic apparatus. (Endocrinology86: 1064, 1970)
Activation of interleukin-6–induced glycoprotein 130/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway in mesenchymal stem cells enhances hepatic differentiation, proliferation, and liver regeneration (2010)

Adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist in all living species and are capable of differentiating into different types of specific cells. In this study, we demonstrate the therapeutic effectiveness of rat MSC transplantation in D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced acute liver injury and identified the novel pathways which are involved in hepatic differentiation of MSCs. In vivo, intraportal transplantation with 5 × 10(6) MSCs at 24 hours after GalN administration resulted in significant reduction in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin compared to the control group. Engrafted MSCs actively proliferated, differentiated, and further enhanced hepatocyte proliferation activity. In vitro, coculture of MSCs with GalN-induced injured hepatocytes showed efficient differentiation and was evidenced by progressive increase in messenger RNA levels of hepatic markers, including albumin, α-fetoprotein, CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α, α-1-antitryspin, and hepatocyte nuclear factor-3β. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that these cells were positive for albumin, α-fetoprotein, and cytokeratin 18, but not clusters of differentiation 34, cytokeratin 19, or OV6. During hepatic differentiation, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling were constantly activated, and a gradual down-regulation of β-catenin expression in messenger RNA and protein levels was detected. Hyper-interleukin-6 fusion protein but not interleukin-6 (IL-6) alone caused reduction in β-catenin expression associated with the up-regulation of Wnt-5a in MSCs via activating the glycoprotein 130 (gp130)-mediated STAT3 signaling pathway, which indicates the operation of the trans-signaling mechanism. Activation of IL-6/gp130-mediated STAT3 signaling pathway in MSCs triggered wound healing, cell migration, and proliferation. In conclusion, transplantation of MSCs promotes cell proliferation and organ repair, and activation of IL-6/gp130-mediated STAT3 signaling pathway via soluble IL-6 receptor is crucial in hepatic differentiation of MSCs.
The analysis of process variation transmission with multivariate measurements (1998)

This article discusses methods of estimating the variation in product quality characteristics measured at several stages in a manufacturing process. By determining which stages contribute most to variation one can focus variation reduction activities more effectively. A multivariate normal Markov process is used to model the variation in characteristics. Methods that deal with measurement error and missing data are introduced through a state space formulation.
<i>Escherichia coli </i>Dimethylallyl Diphosphate:tRNA Dimethylallyltransferase:  A Binding Mechanism for Recombinant Enzyme (1997)

Escherichia coli dimethylallyl diphosphate:tRNA dimethylallyltransferase (DMAPP-tRNA transferase) catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the hypermodified A37 residue in tRNAs that read codons beginning with uridine. The enzyme, encoded by the miaA gene, was overproduced and purified to apparent homogeneity in three steps by ion-exchange (DE52 and Mono-Q) and size exclusion chromatography. Affinity-tagged DMAPP-tRNA transferase containing a C-terminal tripeptide alpha-tubulin epitope also was overproduced and purified to apparent homogeneity in two steps by ion-exchange and immunoaffinity chromatography. Addition of the C-terminal tripeptide alpha-tubulin epitope to DMAPP-tRNA transferase did not affect the activity of the enzyme. Undermodified tRNA(Phe) used as substrate in the DMAPP-tRNA transferase-catalyzed reaction was isolated and purified from an overexpressing clone in a miaA deficient strain of E. coli. Active recombinant E. coli DMAPP-tRNA transferase is monomeric. The enzyme transferred the dimethylallyl moiety of DMAPP to A37, located adjacent to the anticodon in undermodified tRNA(Phe). The enzyme required Mg2+ for activity and exhibited a broad pH optimum. Michaelis constants for tRNA(Phe) and DMAPP are 96 +/- 11 nM and 3.2 +/- 0.5 microM, respectively, and Vmax = 0.83 +/- 0.02 micromol min-1 mg-1. DMAPP-tRNA transferase bound tRNA(Phe) with a dissociation constant of 5.2 +/- 1.2 nM. In contrast, DMAPP did not bind to the enzyme in the absence of tRNA. However, DMAPP was bound with a dissociation constant of 3.4 +/- 0.6 microM in the presence of a minihelix analogue of the anticodon stem-loop of tRNA(Phe) where the base corresponding to A37 was replaced by inosine. These results suggest an ordered sequential mechanism for substrate binding.
Gastrin stimulates growth of colon cancer. (1986)

Gastrin is trophic for normal gastric and colonic mucosa. We examined the potential trophic effects of chronic gastrin administration on the growth of mouse colon adenocarcinoma (MC-26). Thirty-three mice bearing transplantable MC-26 colon cancers were treated with varying doses (125, 250, or 500 micrograms/kg/day) of pentagastrin. Significant increases in tumor weight and DNA content were observed. Fundic mucosal weight and DNA content in these mice showed a dose-related trophic response. The weight of control fundic mucosa was 10 mg and rose to 20, 45, and 65 mg with increasing doses of gastrin. The DNA content of control fundic mucosa was 155 micrograms and rose to 220, 340, and 480 micrograms as the dose of gastrin was increased. Pentagastrin stimulated growth of the MC-26 colon cancer, but the threshold for gastrin-stimulated tumor growth was different from that of normal mucosal growth. The hyperplastic response of the fundic mucosa was increased by increasing gastrin doses; whereas, colon cancer hyperplasia was maximal at the lowest dose tested (125 micrograms/kg/day) and did not increase further with increasing doses of hormone. Mice bearing gastrin-stimulated tumors died at a significantly greater rate than did mice with untreated tumors (80% of control mice and none of the treated mice were alive at day 55). The effects of gastrin treatment on the growth of MC-26 colon cancer persist after treatment is discontinued; mice with tumors that were treated with gastrin for either 7 or 14 days and in which the treatment was stopped were all dead by 35 or 28 days, respectively, after the end of treatment.