gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier as an alternative to Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifiers (2002)

We demonstrated a high-pulse energy, femtosecond-pulse source based on optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification. We successfully amplified 1-microm broadband oscillator pulses to 31 mJ and recompressed them to 310-fs pulse duration, at a 10-Hz repetition rate. The gain in our system is 6 x 10(7), achieved by the single passing of only 40 mm of gain material pumped by a commercial Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. This relatively simple system replaces a more complex Ti:sapphire regenerative-amplifier-based chirped-pulse amplification system. Numerous features in design and performance of optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifiers make them a preferred alternative to regenerative amplifiers based on Ti:sapphire in the front end of high-peak-power lasers.
Recommendations for selecting drug–drug interactions for clinical decision support (2016)

An expert panel with a centralized organizer or convener should be established to develop and maintain a standard set of DDIs for CDS in the United States. The process should be evidence driven, transparent, and systematic, with feedback from multiple stakeholders for continuous improvement. The scope of the expert panel's work should be carefully managed to ensure that the process is sustainable. Support for research to improve DDI alerting in the future is also needed. Adoption of these steps may lead to consistent and clinically relevant content for interruptive DDIs, thus reducing alert fatigue and improving patient safety.
A subclass of serum anti-ZnT8 antibodies directed to the surface of live pancreatic β-cells (2017)

The islet-specific zinc transporter ZnT8 is a major self-antigen found in insulin granules of pancreatic β-cells. Frequent insulin secretion exposes ZnT8 to the cell surface, but the humoral antigenicity of the surface-displayed ZnT8 remains unknown. Here we show that a membrane-embedded human ZnT8 antigen triggered a vigorous immune response in <i>ZnT8</i> knock-out mice. Approximately 50% of serum immunoreactivities toward ZnT8 were mapped to its transmembrane domain that is accessible to extracellular ZnT8 antibody (ZnT8A). ZnT8A binding was detected on live rat insulinoma INS-1E cells, and the binding specificity was validated by a CRISPR/Cas9 mediated <i>ZnT8</i> knock-out. Applying established ZnT8A assays to purified serum antibodies from patients with type 1 diabetes, we detected human ZnT8A bound to live INS-1E cells, whereas a <i>ZnT8</i> knock-out specifically reduced the surface binding. Our results demonstrate that ZnT8 is a cell surface self-antigen, raising the possibility of a direct involvement in antibody-mediated β-cell dysfunction and cytotoxicity.
Interference Alignment Under Limited Feedback for MIMO Interference Channels (2009)

While interference alignment schemes have been employed to realize the full multiplexing gain of $K$-user interference channels, the analyses performed so far have predominantly focused on the case when global channel knowledge is available at each node of the network. This paper considers the problem where each receiver knows its channels from all the transmitters and feeds back this information using a limited number of bits to all other terminals. In particular, channel quantization over the composite Grassmann manifold is proposed and analyzed. It is shown, for $K$-user multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) interference channels, that when the transmitters use an interference alignment strategy as if the quantized channel estimates obtained via this limited feedback are perfect, the full sum degrees of freedom of the interference channel can be achieved as long as the feedback bit rate scales sufficiently fast with the signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, this is only one extreme point of a continuous tradeoff between achievable degrees of freedom region and user feedback rate scalings which are allowed to be non-identical. It is seen that a slower scaling of feedback rate for any one user leads to commensurately fewer degrees of freedom for that user alone.
Two FORTRAN programs for rosette calculations (1972)

These programs calculate principal stresses, strains and directions from any rosette readings. The appropriate values are read in, the angles placed in the range 0 to 180° and the strains arranged in descending order. Next the necessary quantities are calculated and checked; a choice of output formats is provided together with an error message and diagnostic information if the check fails. One of the programs is written to accept strain readings on punched cards, the other accepts voltage readings on paper tape from a data logger. The programming language is FORTRAN IV. The programs have been used on an ICL 1903A computer.
Edge Data Repositories - The design of a store-process-send system at the Edge (2019)

The Edge of the Internet is currently accommodating large numbers of devices and these numbers will dramatically increase with the advancement of technology. Edge devices and their associated service bandwidth requirements are predicted to become a major problem in the near future. As a result, the popularity of data management, analysis and processing at the edges is also increasing. This paper proposes Edge Data Repositories and their performance analysis. In this context, provide a service quality and resource allocation feedback algorithm for the processing and storage capabilities of Edge Data Repositories. A suitable simulation environment was created for this system, with the help of the ONE Simulator. The simulations were further used to evaluate the Edge Data Repository cluster within different scenarios, providing a range of service models. From there, with the help and adaptation of a few basic networks management concepts, the feedback algorithm was developed. As an initial step, we assess and provide measurable performance feedback for the most essential parts of our envisioned system: network metrics and service and resource status, through this algorithm.
Fielded object networks as a framework for computer intelligence (2002)

Semiotics is becoming the focus of attention of AI researchers due to its interesting capabilities in symbolic processing and knowledge representation. We propose the fielded object network (FON), a framework aimed at integrating many scientific fields related to artificial intelligence (e.g. artificial life and distributed artificial intelligence), in order to acquire a knowledge representation tool capable of performing semiotic processing. Following this trend, this work presents the basis of FON and shows how it can be used to a hierarchical knowledge processing in intelligent systems. To show that, we implement a generalized subsistence machine proposed by Meystel (1996) using a FON approach. We also provide simulation results for an AGV application built under the proposed framework.
Color reflectance modeling using a polychromatic laser range sensor (1992)

A system for simultaneously measuring the 3-D shape and color properties of objects is described. Range data are obtained by triangulation over large volumes of the scene, whereas color components are separated by means of a white laser. Details are given concerning the modeling and the calibration of the system for bidirectional reflectance-distribution functions measurements. A reflection model is used to interpret the data collected with the system in terms of the underlying physical properties of the target. These properties are the diffuse reflectance of the body material, the Fresnel reflectance of the air media interface, and the slope surface roughness of the interface. Experimental results are presented for the extraction of these parameters. By allowing the subtraction of highlights from color images and the compensation for surface orientation, spectral reflectance modeling can help to understand 3-D scenes. A practical example is given where a color and range image is processed to yield uniform regions according to material pigmentation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of Free‐Standing Titania‐Based Gas Sensors by the Oxidation of Metallic Titanium Foils (2000)

A simple method for fabricating TiO 2 ‐based sensors of CO( g ) is demonstrated: the oxidation of Ti‐bearing foils. Metallic foils (35 μm thick) were converted into free‐standing, porous rutile foils (60 μm thick) by exposure to O 2 ( g ) at 800°—965°C. The oxidized foils contained thin (0.5—1 μm thick), regularly spaced oxide layers oriented parallel to the external surface. The exposure of such porous foils to increasing concentrations of CO( g ) resulted in a monotonic increase in the steady‐state electrical resistance. Rutile foils sensitive to 50 ppm changes in CO( g ) content with response times of a few minutes were produced. The effects of oxidation conditions and copper doping on sensing performance are discussed.
Conflicting class structures between the object oriented paradigm and users concepts (1995)

No abstract available.
U. S. G. S. MODULAR GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL: DESIGNED TO BE UNDERSTOOD AND ADAPTED. (1985)

Among all hepatic fibrosis parameters, serum PCIII level is an early and sensitive indicator of NAFLD and is correlated with the disease progress. SF may be also involved in early injury of fatty liver and the process of NAFLD.
3D contour image coding based on morphological filters and motion estimation (2002)

An information-lossy method for contour image sequence coding is described in this paper. It is based on motion estimation, compensation and morphological filters. In order to exploit the high temporal redundancy of the contour image sequence, motion estimation and compensation are used for the correspondent label image sequence. The first frame is directly coded by the chain-code method. All the following frames are coded in motion compensation mode. Within each frame, labels are divided into foreground labels and background labels. Only the prediction error for the foreground labels are coded. Morphological filters are applied to clean the prediction error for the foreground labels. Afterwards, an efficient prediction error coding algorithm is introduced based on the modified chain-code method. Experimental results have demonstrated outstanding performance for the coding of a contour image sequence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation and characterization of a lambdapolA transducing phage. (1977)

A plaque-forming lambdapolA phage was isolated from a population of transducing phage made in vitro from Escherichia coli DNA and a phage vector digested with restriction endonuclease HindIII. Amber mutations, in genes whose products are necessary for late protein synthesis (Q) and cell lysis (S), were crossed into the lambdapolA phage. Infection of either polA+ or polA- bacteria with this phage, under conditions permitting DNA replication but preventing phage production and lysis, elevated the levels of DNA polymerase I to between 75- and 100-fold that detected in a wild-type strain. The kinetics of enzyme production suggest that the polA gene is transcribed from its own promoter rather than from any of the well-characterized phage promoters. The fragment of E. coli DNA within the lambdapolA phage comprises approximately 5000 base pairs, sufficient to accommodate the polA gene and one, or two, coding sequences for smaller proteins.
Secure optical communication system utilizing deformable MEMS mirrors (2009)

An optical communication system suitable for voice, data retrieval from remote sensors and identification is described. The system design allows operation at ranges of several hundred meters. The heart of the system is a modulated MEMS mirror that is electrostatically actuated and changes between a flat reflective state and a corrugated diffractive state. A process for mass producing these mirrors at low cost was developed and is described. The mirror was incorporated as a facet in a hollow retro-reflector, allowing temporal modulation of an interrogating beam and the return of the modulated beam to the interrogator. This system thus consists of a low power, small and light communication node with large (about 60°) angular extent. The system's range and pointing are determined by the interrogator /detector/demodulator (Transceiver) unit. The transceiver is comprised of an optical channel to establish line of sight communication, an interrogating laser at 1550nm, an avalanche photo diode to detect the return signal and electronics to drive the laser and demodulate the detected signal and convert it to an audio signal. A functional prototype system was built using a modified compact optical sight as the transceiver. Voice communication in free space was demonstrated. The design and test of major components and the complete system are discussed.
Risk and Clinical Implications of Transformation of Follicular Lymphoma to Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2007)

Advanced stage and high-risk FLIPI and IPI scores at diagnosis correlate with an increased risk of HT. This event strongly influences the outcome of patients with FL by shortening their survival. There may be a subgroup of patients in whom HT does not occur.
Accuracy and Reproducibility of Ultrasound Measurements in Obstetric Management (2002)

The interobserver Ris for BPD, FL, AFI, and RI of the umbilical and middle cerebral arteries were 0.93, 0.8, 0.58, 0.49 and 0.56, respectively. The intraobserver Ris of the 2 sonologists in BPD, FL, and RI of umbilical artery were >0.6, whereas those in AFI and RI of middle cerebral artery were <0.6. CONCLUSIONS Both the interobserver and intraobserver reproducibilities of BPD and FL were clinically acceptable, but not in the AFI and RI of umbilical and middle cerebral arteries.
Relation between Crystal Structure, Electronic Structures and Electrode Performances of LiMn<sub>2－</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Zn<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>4</sub> (<i>x</i>=0.05, 0.10) as a Cathode Active Material for Li Secondary Battery (2003)

We have been studied the relation between crystal structures, electronic structures, thermodynamic stability and cycle performances of LiMn2－xZnxO4(x=0.05, 0.10) as cathode active materials for 4 V class Li secondary battery. The crystal structures are Fd-3m and the bond lengths of (Mn, Zn)-O of LiMn1. 9Zn0.lO4 decrease in comparison with that of LiMn2O4. The cycle performance improves on increasing Zn content. The heat of dissolution of the samples was measured. These samples are more stable thermodynamically with increasing Zn content. Moreover, we calculated the net charge of each atom, the bond overlap population of Li-O, Mn-O, Zn-O, the density of states, and the electron density of Li Mn1.75M0.25O4 (M=Mn, Zn) using first principles calculation by DV-Xαmethod. Li ionicity always keeps high and the covalent bonding of Mn-O in the octahedron of LiMn1.75Zn0.25O4 is stronger than that of LiMn2O4.
An index-based approach for similarity search supporting time warping in large sequence databases (2002)

This paper proposes a new novel method for similarity search that supports time warping in large sequence databases. Time warping enables finding sequences with similar patterns even when they are of different lengths. Previous methods for processing similarity search that supports time warping fail to employ multi-dimensional indexes without false dismissal since the time warping distance does not satisfy the triangular inequality. Our primary goal is to innovate on search performance without permitting any false dismissal. To attain this goal, we devise a new distance function D/sub tw-lb/ that consistently underestimates the time warping distance and also satisfies the triangular inequality D/sub tw-lb/ uses a 4-tuple feature vector that is extracted from each sequence and is invariant to time warping. For efficient processing of similarity search, we employ a multi-dimensional index that uses the 4-tuple feature vector as indexing attributes and D/sub tw-lb/ as a distance function. The extensive experimental results reveal that our method achieves significant speedup up to 43 times with real-world S&P 500 stock data and up to 720 times with very large synthetic data.
The Determination of Kinematic Properties of a Wind Field Using Doppler Radar (1968)

A technique is proposed for the measurement of kinematic properties of a wind field in situations of widespread precipitation, using a single Doppler radar to sense the motion of the precipitation particles. The technique is an extension of ideas put forward by Probert-Jones, Lhermitte, Atlas, Caton and Harrold, and is based upon the Velocity-Azimuth Display (VAD) obtained by scanning the radar beam about a vertical axis at a fixed elevation angle. Harmonic analysis of the VAD permits divergence to be obtained from the magnitude of the “zeroth” harmonic, wind speed and direction to be obtained from the amplitude and phase of the first harmonic, and resultant deformation and the axis of dilatation to be obtained from the amplitude and phase of the second harmonic. Although limitations to the accuracy of this technique are imposed by inhomogeneities in the horizontal distribution of precipitation fall speed and, in the presence of strong vertical wind shear, by elevation angle errors and reflectivity inhomogeneities, the errors resulting from these effects can be made acceptably small by scanning at appropriate elevation angles and ranges. An optimum scanning procedure is suggested. A short case study is also presented to support the view that meaningful estimates of mesoscale divergence and deformation can be obtained using this technique.
Laser-Raman investigation of phospholipid-polypeptide interactions in model membranes (1979)

The interaction of aqueous dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine liposomes with the polypeptides gramicidin A, poly-L-lysine, valinomycin, and gramicidin S was investigated by means of laser-Raman spectroscopy. Auxiliary data were obtained with differential scanning calorimetry. Studies were carried out over the temperature range of 0--50 degrees C, encompassing the gel phase, the transition region, and the liquid crystalline phase of the liposomes. Conformational changes in the phospholipid molecules were investigated by measuring the intensity of the 1062-cm-1 Raman band which is assigned to C-C stretching vibrations of trans segments. Three different types of phospholipid-polypeptide interactions were indicated by the observed Raman data. They are interpreted as (a) orderly penetration of the phospholipid bilayer by a hydrophobic polypeptide; (b) polar interactions involving primarily the head groups of the phospholipid; and (c) disorderly hydrophobic binding between a polypeptide and the hydrocarbon domain of the phospholipid.
NGL01-3: Multiple Spanning Tree Generation and Mapping Algorithms for Carrier Class Ethernets (2006)

Ethernet is evolving from a plug-and-play LAN technology towards a carrier grade WAN technology. In order to support Service Level Agreements (SLA) over Public Ethernets, extensions to STP include RSTP and MSTP. RSTP offers faster convergence than STP but uses a single tree for the entire network. In order to achieve a better utilization of the network links, MSTP supports multiple spanning trees, one tree per VLAN group. However, MSTP does not provide efficient methods to build those spanning trees. Furthermore, MSTP does not provide methods to perform efficient VLAN-Spanning-Tree Mapping. Operators must manually provision this mapping which might seriously impact OPEX and network performance. In this paper, we propose very simple and yet easy to use spanning tree generation and mapping algorithms; which can be used to extend and/or work with the 802.1s MSTP. We show that these algorithms yield optimal bandwidth utilization and enhanced network throughput compared to existing methods.
A potential autocrine loop between heregulin‐alpha and erbB‐3 receptor in human prostatic adenocarcinoma (1997)

The overexpression of heregulin-alpha and erbB-3 in prostate cancer is detectable by immunostaining. Activation of the type 1 growth-factor receptor system by heregulin-alpha and/or the erbB-3 receptor appears to be associated with a less favourable prognosis in advanced disease.
What a Plant Sounds Like: The Statistics of Vegetation Echoes as Received by Echolocating Bats (2009)

A critical step on the way to understanding a sensory system is the analysis of the input it receives. In this work we examine the statistics of natural complex echoes, focusing on vegetation echoes. Vegetation echoes constitute a major part of the sensory world of more than 800 species of echolocating bats and play an important role in several of their daily tasks. Our statistical analysis is based on a large collection of plant echoes acquired by a biomimetic sonar system. We explore the relation between the physical world (the structure of the plant) and the characteristics of its echo. Finally, we complete the story by analyzing the effect of the sensory processing of both the echolocation and the auditory systems on the echoes and interpret them in the light of information maximization. The echoes of all different plant species we examined share a surprisingly robust pattern that was also reproduced by a simple Poisson model of the spatial reflector arrangement. The fine differences observed between the echoes of different plant species can be explained by the spatial characteristics of the plants. The bat's emitted signal enhances the most informative spatial frequency range where the species-specific information is large. The auditory system filtering affects the echoes in a similar way, thus enhancing the most informative spatial frequency range even more. These findings suggest how the bat's sensory system could have evolved to deal with complex natural echoes.
Edge-illuminated holograms (1992)

Design and construction considerations and performance characteristics of edge-illuminated holograms are described. The display system layouts presented are compact, monolithic, and achromatic, and the light usage efficiency is improved by recycling the undiffracted hologram-illuminating beam.
Erythrocyte Membrane-Cloaked Polymeric Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Loading and Release (2013)

Aim: Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) cloaked by red blood cell membrane (RBCm) confer the combined advantage of both long circulation lifetime and controlled drug release. The authors carried out studies to gain a better understanding of the drug loading, drug-release kinetics and cell-based efficacy of RBCm-cloaked NPs. Materials & methods: Two strategies for loading doxorubicin into the RBCm-cloaked NPs were compared: physical encapsulation and chemical conjugation. In vitro efficacy was examined using the acute myeloid leukemia cell line, Kasumi-1. Results: It was found that the chemical conjugation strategy resulted in a more sustained drug release profile, and that the RBCm cloak provided a barrier, retarding the outward diffusion of encapsulated drug molecules. It was also demonstrated that RBCm-cloaked NPs exhibit higher toxicity in comparison with free doxorubicin. Conclusion: These results indicate that the RBCm-cloaked NPs hold great promise to become a valuable drug-delivery platform for the treatment of various diseases such as blood cancers. Original submitted 27 February 2012; Revised submitted 27 August 2012; Published online 14 February 2013