gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity and apoptosis of benzoquinones: redox cycling, cytochrome c release, and BAD protein expression (2003)

The metabolic activation of a variety of quinone-based anticancer agents occurs, in part, as a result of the bioreductive activation by the flavoprotein NAD(P)H:quinone-acceptor oxidoreductase (NQO1) (EC 1.6.99.2). Using the COMPARE algorithm (http://dtp.nci.nih.gov), a significant statistical correlation has been found in the NCI in vitro anticancer drug screen between high endogenous expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BAD, NQO1 enzymatic activity, and the cytotoxicity of certain antitumor quinones. Two statistically correlated groups of quinones can be discerned: positive-correlated compounds, which are more active in cell lines expressing high baseline levels of BAD protein and NQO1 activity (e.g. the MCF-7 breast carcinoma), and negative-correlated compounds, which are more active in cell lines with undetectable levels of BAD and NQO1 activity (e.g. the HL-60 myeloid leukemia). In the present study, the relationship between quinone structure, redox cycling, and cytotoxicity in the MCF-7 and HL-60 cell lines was investigated. A good biological correlation exists between cytotoxicity and NQO1 activity, BAD protein levels and apoptosis, but not always between cytotoxicity and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. The overall markedly increased cytotoxicity of the aziridinylbenzoquinone compounds used in this study is accompanied by apoptosis, which occurs mostly through a cytochrome c-independent pathway.
Bandwidth enhancement of inset-microstrip-line-fedequilateral-triangular microstrip antenna (1998)

By embedding a pair of properly-bent narrow slots in an equilateral-triangular microstrip patch, broadband operation of microstrip antennas with an inset microstrip-line feed can be achieved. With the proposed antenna design, the impedance bandwidth can be as large as ~3.0 times that of a corresponding simple triangular microstrip antenna. Some simple design rules for the proposed antenna have also been determined experimentally. The design rules and experimental results are presented and discussed.
A SMART-GENTRY BASED SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR SECRET PROGRAM EXECUTION (2011)

Currently generic executable programs can only be encrypted during transmission and storage. To execute the program itself and the data it operates on must be decrypted. If the execution system is not trusted or compromised, both the program code and data are endangered. Recent advances in homomorphic cryptography show how additions and multiplications can be executed in encrypted space, i.e. without decrypting the information, the arithmetic operations themselves are not encrypted. To date, a universal implementation of a homomorphic system, capable of executing arbitrary programs and allowing for practical experiences is still missing. In this paper we present the first method to compute a non-linear arbitrary secret program on an untrusted resource using fully homomorphic encrypted circuits. We use our own implementation of the Smart-Gentry crypto-system as a foundation and define a processor architecture which is capable of executing encrypted programs on encrypted data. Unlike other approaches, such as static one-pass boolean circuit simulations, our system supports read and write memory access, dynamic parameters and non-linear programs, that render branch-decisions at runtime and cannot be represented in a circuit with hard-wired in-circuit parameters and data. Our implementation comprises the runtime environment for an encrypted program and an assembler to generate the encrypted machine code. The system represents a first step to show the capabilities of homomorphic encryption in software and system architecture.
SQL query modification algorithms (2002)

Algebra rules and a query modification algorithm that enable modifications of SQL queries considered hitherto as nonmodifiable are introduced. Cases where aggregates are involved are emphasized. Also introduced is a technique to translate a view with DISTINCT keyword into an equivalent grouped view without DISTINCT; as a result some queries that were not modifiable on the DISTINCT view become modifiable. A set of commutative and merging rules at the relational algebra level that are used to derive the query modification algorithm systematically is developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Shedding of the p75<sup>NTR</sup> neurotrophin receptor is modulated by lipid rafts (2007)

Protein ectodomain shedding is the proteolytic release of the extracellular domain of membrane-bound proteins. Neurotrophin receptor p75(NTR) is known to be affected by shedding. The present work provides evidence, in rat brain synaptosomes, that p75(NTR) is present in detergent-resistant membranes (DRM), also known as lipid rafts, only in its full-length form. Disrupting the integrity of lipid rafts causes solubilization of p75(NTR) after detergent treatment and enhancement of the shedding. Analyses of the enzymes described as being responsible for p75(NTR) shedding, i.e. tumor necrosis factor alpha convertase (TACE) and presenilin-1 (PS1), revealed that TACE is absent in DRM, while variable proportions of the C-terminal and N-terminal fragments of PS1 are found. In summary, our results point to a role of lipid rafts in the modulation of the shedding of the p75(NTR) receptor.
Order-recursive FIR smoothers (1994)

This paper introduces order-recursive FIR smoothers and shows that order-recursive FIR filters are special forms that occur when no future data values are used to estimate the signal. The formulation leads naturally to generalizations of the concepts of prediction-error basis and Cholesky factorization which are well known in FIR filter design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Treatment of hyperthermia]. (2017)

Hyperthermia is an uncontrolled elevation of body temperature exceeding the body's ability to dissipate heat. Hyperthermia can result in dangerously high core temperatures and can rapidly become fatal. Common causes include heat stroke, malignant hyperthermia, serotonin syndrome, neuroleptic syndrome, a few endocrine emergencies as well as numerous intoxications. Rapid diagnosis and prompt cooling are pivotal, since the condition triggers a cascade of metabolic events which may progress to irreversible injury or death. Ice-water immersion and evaporative cooling are the methods of choice.
Preamble-based channel estimation in MIMO-OFDM/OQAM systems (2011)

Filter bank-based multicarrier modulation (FBMC) using offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM), known as OFDM/OQAM (or FBMC/OQAM), provides an attractive alternative to the conventional cyclic prefix-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM), especially in terms of increased robustness to frequency offset and Doppler spread, and high bandwidth efficiency. It suffers, however, from an inherent (intrinsic) imaginary inter-carrier/inter-symbol interference that complicates signal processing tasks such as channel estimation (CE). Recently, the so-called interference approximation method (IAM) was proposed for preamble-based CE in single-input single-output (SISO) systems. It relies on the knowledge of the pilot's neighborhood to approximate this interference and constructively exploit it in simplifying CE and improving its performance. A number of IAM preambles have been proposed, with varying CE performance. This paper is concerned with the application of the IAM idea in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. The most prominent IAM variants are considered and their MIMO extensions with their relative advantages and practical issues are investigated. The IAM preambles are compared, with each other and with CP-OFDM, via simulations in both mildly and highly frequency-selective channels.
Polymerization of pyrrole by potassium persulfate (1982)

Abstract Pyrrole reacted with potassium persulfate in aqueous media to form polymers or “pyrrole blacks.” The structure and molecular weight depend on the initial pyrrole/K 2 S 2 O 8 ratio. An ESR line due to trapped electrons or free radical ions appeared at g = 2.0036 (width 3.6 G) in all products and its intensity decreased with an increase in initial concentration of potassium persulfate.
Fair Use and File Sharing in Research and Education (2009)

This work was inspired by the well-ventilated current problems around the use of digital file\nsharing technologies and their promotion of infringement of copyright leading to the alleged\ndestruction of entertainment industries. Different legal systems have applied different\nanalyses to such problems, and there is no clear and coherent answer to the question of\nwhether file sharing, especially in the form of peer-to-peer (P2P), is legal. The particular\nfocus of this thesis flows from the realisation that litigation around file sharing has\nuniformly explored it from the perspective of users downloading entertainment materials\nsuch as music and videos. Comparatively little attention has been paid to whether research\nand educational users have, or should have, rights to use the same digital file sharing\ntechnologies to access copyright materials important to their work. If digital file sharing is\ndeclared illegal by the courts at the behest of the entertainment industries, then what will\nhappen to research and educational users of these networks?<br/>To explore this key problem, this thesis focuses on how fair use doctrine, the most important\nexception and limitation to copyright, has transferred from the traditional copyright\nenvironment into the context of digital file sharing. By undertaking a study of relevant\nlegislation and cases, such as the well known Napster, Grokster and MP3.com, the “who”\nissue, namely, who is the party entitled to benefit from a fair use defence will be highlighted.<br/>Having established that fair use as a defence operates ineffectively in the digital file sharing\nenvironment, the thesis then looks at existing alternative or “fared” use models, and\nparticularly the disadvantages of “fared” use system in serving research and educational file\nsharing. Finally the thesis turns to what is termed the “voluntary model”: a model in which\ncopyright owners make their works available to academic users for free, via an institutional\nrepository, the authors gaining non-pecuniary benefits while the commercial publisher being\ncut out as a “middleman”. Although future work to develop the details of this approach\nwould be required, the thesis asserts this is a promising way towards ensuring access to\ncopyright works in research and education thus benefiting society, whilst at the same time\nestablishing fair compensation to authors for their efforts.
Countercurrent Gaseous Exchange Method for the Separation of Isotopes (1948)

A method is described for isotope enrichment by countercurrent gaseous exchange in a thermal diffusion column. The theory is derived for two cases of interest: diffusion limited and reaction-rate limited. Solutions of the equations are presented for the over-all separation S at the steady state as a function of the following: single stage enrichment factor α; diffusion constant D or exchange rate constant k; length of column Z; and the convective flow L, which in turn depends on pressure, temperature, column dimensions, etc. The results may be expressed in the usual form S=αN. For the diffusion-limited case N=4πDc̄Z/L, where c̄=moles of gas per cc. For the reaction-rate limited case the number of theoretical plates per unit length is given by the expression N/Z=k/v, where v is the convective velocity. Experiments are described in which C13 was concentrated by the exchange reaction C12O2+C13O⇌C13O2+C12O. The observed dependence of the over-all separation upon the operational variables is consistent with the theory.
A psychoacoustic approach to combined acoustic echo cancellation and noise reduction (2002)

This paper presents and compares algorithms for combined acoustic echo cancellation and noise reduction for hands-free telephones. A structure is proposed, consisting of a conventional acoustic echo canceler and a frequency domain postfilter in the sending path of the hands-free system. The postfilter applies the spectral weighting technique and attenuates both the background noise and the residual echo which remains after imperfect echo cancellation. Two weighting rules for the postfilter are discussed. The first is a conventional one, known from noise reduction, which is extended to attenuate residual echo as well as noise. The second is a psychoacoustically motivated weighting rule. Both rules are evaluated and compared by instrumental and auditive tests. They succeed about equally well in attenuating the noise and the residual echo. In listening tests, however, the psychoacoustically motivated weighting rule is mostly preferred since it leads to more natural near end speech and to less annoying residual noise.
PLANET: a tool for telecommunication network (1994)

PLANET is an integrated software package aiding several steps of the transmission network planning, as well as the traffic simulation. The database of PLANET consists of the structural and the cost models of the transmission systems, the topological alternatives, the circuit routing and grouping rules, etc. The topological and transmission plans of the networks are obtained based on the traffic planning results checked by simulation and they are stored systematically with the input data in the database of plans. The results describe the network topology, the circuit routes meeting different kinds of routing conditions, the grouping solutions and the equipment assignments to the circuit demands of different services. The users of PLANET are provided with lists and graphical documentation that can be directly used in the development of the network. The global structure of the software package as well as the algorithms of specific phases are discussed and the results obtained by the application of PLANET are demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integrated Self-Powered Microchip Biosensor for Endogenous Biological Cyanide (2010)

In this work we developed a fully integrated biofuel cell on a microchip, which consisted of glucose dehydrogenase supported (carbon nanotubes/thionine/gold nanoparticles)(8) multilayer as the anode, and the (carbon nanotubes/polylysine/laccase)(15) multilayer as the cathode. The as-obtained biofuel cell produced open circuit potential 620 mV and power density 302 microW cm(-2), showing great potential as a small power resource of portable electronics. Most importantly, for the first time we demonstrated the feasibility of developing a self-powered biosensor based on the inhibitive effect on microchip enzyme biofuel cell. With cyanide employed as the model analyte, this method showed a linear range of 3.0 x 10(-7) to 5.0 x 10(-4) M and a detection limit with 1.0 x 10(-7) M under the optimal conditions. The detection limit was lower than the acceptable cyanide concentration in drinking water (1.9 x 10(-6) M) according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This self-powered sensor was successfully used to detect the cyanide concentration in a real sample, cassava, which is the main carbohydrate resource in South America and Africa. This presented biosensor combined with a resistor and a multimeter demonstrated the general applicability as a fast and simple detection method in the determination of endogenous biological cyanide.
GroESL proteins facilitate binding of externally added inducer by luxR protein‐containing <i>E. coli</i> cells (1993)

htpR- (rpoH, sigma 32 minus) strain of E. coli harbouring the whole lux system of Vibrio fischeri is very dim. We have recently shown that GroESL proteins fully recover the expression of the lux system in this strain. This work has been undertaken to study our assumption that the GroESL proteins stabilize the LuxR protein, thus enhancing the formation of LuxR-Inducer complex. E. coli htpR- cells harbouring the luxR gene were unable to bind extracellularly added inducer, while late logarithmically growing htpR+ strain bound small quantities of the inducer. Reduction in the nutrient content of the growth medium resulted in a large increase in the capability of these cells to bind the inducer. htpR+ or htpR- E. coli strains harbouring both the luxR and the groESL genes bound large quantities of the inducer. The molecular and ecological significance of these results is discussed.
GMR in corrugated Co/Cu multilayers (1997)

A new corrugated material comprising antiferromagnetically coupled Co/Cu multilayers was prepared using V-grooved Si substrates. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction observations indicate that the corrugated multilayers were successfully grown with the formation of smooth and clear interfaces. Magnetoresistance change with the sense current normal to the grooves was larger than that with the current parallel to the grooves. The MR enhancement due to the difference in measurement geometry increased as the width of the grooves decreased.
Metalloporphyrin hosts for supramolecular chemistry of fullerenes (2006)

This paper is a tutorial review of the host-guest chemistry of fullerenes and metalloporphyrin. Among various host molecules for fullerenes, cyclic hosts composed of metalloporphyrin moieties possess one of the highest affinities toward fullerenes, which can be widely tuned simply by changing the central metal ions of the porphyrin moieties. Inclusion of fullerenes occurs not only by van der Waals interactions but also, in some cases, via pi-electronic charge-transfer from the host metalloporphyrin moieties to the guest fullerenes. Fullerenes such as C(120), upon inclusion with cyclic metalloporphyrin dimers, show an oscillatory motion within the host cavity, whose frequency reflects the solvation/desolvation dynamics of the fullerenes. A molecularly engineered metalloporphyrin host with a self-assembling capability allows a guest-directed formation of a supramolecular peapod, where included fullerenes, as peas, are aligned along the self-assembled metalloporphyrin nanotube, as a pod. Furthermore, certain metalloporphyrin hosts are applicable to the selective extraction of low-abundance higher fullerenes from an industrial production source and also allow spectroscopic discrimination of chiral fullerenes.
GaAs Optical Circuits (1994)

This report presents two new smart pixels for use in optical computing and communications. These devices are Configurable Optical Gates (COGs) that form the Diode Laser Logic (DLL) family and Spontaneous Emission Filtered Laser Amplifiers (SEFLA). DLL is a complete, new logic family comprised of Q-switched lasers and photodetectors. The lasers and detectors are monolithically integrated on multiple quantum well laser heterostructure with semi-insulating substrates. Preliminary results indicate an ON/OFF contrast ratio better than 500:1, gain in excess of 20 and variable 1/0 hysteresis characteristics. As a result, the devices can be cascaded to form more complex optical circuits. In addition to introducing the Diode Laser Logic family, a basic model is presented and the fabrication process is described in detail. The SEFLA combines an optical amplifier with a spontaneous emission filter in order to increase the signal-to noise ratio by actively filtering out the spontaneous emission from the output signal. The filtering function is accomplished by integrating the amplifier with a semiconductor laser in such a way that the signal in the amplifier suppresses the gain in the laser. Unlike conventional optical amplifiers, these can, in principle, be cascaded without significantly decreasing the performance. Configurable Optical Gates (COGs), Diode Laser Logic (DLL), Spontaneous Emission Filtered Laser Amplifiers
Taxol in the Management of Cancers of the Breast and the Ovary (2000)

(2000). Taxol in the Management of Cancers of the Breast and the Ovary. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 242-260.
Delayed Neuropathy and Myelopathy after Organophosphate Intoxication (2002)

To the Editor: Massive organophosphorus-compound intoxication is relatively common. Although uncommon, delayed neurotoxicity may also occur in humans.1 Persons with organophosphorus-compound poisoning have acute toxic effects, with a cholinergic crisis due to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Some persons subsequently have organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy, which may be related to the inhibition of neurotoxic esterase.2 Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy results in damage to both the peripheral and the central nervous systems.3 The exact sequence of lesions in these systems remains controversial, and few reports have discussed central nervous system neuropathological changes in humans. We describe a patient who had a classic acute cholinergic crisis . . .
A G-quadruplex DNA-based, Label-Free and Ultrasensitive Strategy for microRNA Detection (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered to be potent biomarkers for early disease diagnosis and for cancer therapy. The rapid and selective detection of miRNAs without reverse transcription and labelling is highly desired. Herein, we report a simple and label-free miRNA detection method that is based on the Duplex-Specific Nuclease (DSN)-Assisted simple target miRNA recycling procedure. The interaction of the G-quadruplex DNA structure with N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM) led to a label-free signal output. Under the optimised conditions, this method allowed for simple, rapid, and sequence-specific detection of miR-141 over a dynamic range from 1 fM to 100 nM with a linear range from 1 pM to 100 nM. Moreover, our method offered an excellent capacity to discriminate between miRNA family members with just one mismatched nucleotide. This simple and label-free strategy holds great potential in applications in biomedical research and in early clinical diagnostics.
Comparative study of wavelet image coders (1996)

Author(s): Lu, Jian; Algazi, Ralph; Estes, Robert R. | Abstract: We compare several wavelet-based coders in the encoding of still images. Two image quality metrics are used in our comparative study: a perception-based, quantitative picture quality scale and the conventional distortion measure, peak signal-to-noise ratio. Coders are evaluated in the rate-distortion sense. The effects of different wavelets, quantizers, and encoders are assessed individually. Two representative wavelets, three quantizers, three encoders, and the combinations of these components are compared. Our results provide insight into the design issues of optimizing wavelet coders, as well as a good reference for application developers to choose from an increasingly large family of wavelet coders for their applications.