gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composite heat damage spectroscopic analysis (1990)

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory/Applied Technology Division (ORNL/ATD) has successfully demonstrated the unique applicability of two spectroscopic techniques that possess the capability of detecting heat damage in IM6/3501-6 laminates and correlation of this damage with the residual mechanical-strength properties. The results on the diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform (DRIFT) and laser-pumped fluorescence (LPF) spectroscopic techniques, which are capable of rapid, in-service, non-destructive detection and quantitation of heat damage in IM6/3501-6 laminates, is presented. Both of these techniques have been shown to be quite effective at probing the elusive and complex molecular changes that take place in IM6/3501-6 laminates subjected to varying degrees of thermal degradation. Using LPF or DRIFT techniques, it has been shown that laminates having different thermal histories can be readily differentiated from one another due to their characteristic fingerprint'' spectral features. The effects of short-term, elevated temperature heating on the room- temperature compressive interlaminar-shear, and flexural strengths and room-temperature shore-D hardness properties of dry'' and wet'' preconditioned IM6/3501-6 laminates are discussed. Additionally, the geometrical changes and percent-weight-loss measurements of IM6/3501-6 laminates that accompany heat damage are also examined. It was found that below a certain temperature/time exposure threshold, these laminates visually and microscopically appeared to be undamaged but, in fact, may have lost a significant percentage of their original strength. In addition, laminates that were exposed above the temperature/time exposure threshold suffered dramatic geometrical changes and large amounts of weight loss. 32 refs., 39 figs., 10 tabs.
<i>In Vitro</i>Characterization of MK-1439, a Novel HIV-1 Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (2013)

Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are a mainstay of therapy for treating human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV-1)-infected patients. MK-1439 is a novel NNRTI with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 12, 9.7, and 9.7 nM against the wild type (WT) and K103N and Y181C reverse transcriptase (RT) mutants, respectively, in a biochemical assay. Selectivity and cytotoxicity studies confirmed that MK-1439 is a highly specific NNRTI with minimum off-target activities. In the presence of 50% normal human serum (NHS), MK-1439 showed excellent potency in suppressing the replication of WT virus, with a 95% effective concentration (EC95) of 20 nM, as well as K103N, Y181C, and K103N/Y181C mutant viruses with EC95 of 43, 27, and 55 nM, respectively. MK-1439 exhibited similar antiviral activities against 10 different HIV-1 subtype viruses (a total of 93 viruses). In addition, the susceptibility of a broader array of clinical NNRTI-associated mutant viruses (a total of 96 viruses) to MK-1439 and other benchmark NNRTIs was investigated. The results showed that the mutant profile of MK-1439 was superior overall to that of efavirenz (EFV) and comparable to that of etravirine (ETR) and rilpivirine (RPV). Furthermore, E138K, Y181C, and K101E mutant viruses that are associated with ETR and RPV were susceptible to MK-1439 with a fold change (FC) of <3. A two-drug in vitro combination study indicated that MK-1439 acts nonantagonistically in the antiviral activity with each of 18 FDA-licensed drugs for HIV infection. Taken together, these in vitro data suggest that MK-1439 possesses the desired properties for further development as a new antiviral agent.
13-fs, 1-MW Ti:Sapphire Laser Oscillator in a Long-Cavity Configuration (2002)

We generated 13-fs pulses with a peak power of 1 MW from a long-cavity femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser with 3.7-W pumping. To boost laser energy without degrading the pulse quality from that of a standard laser cavity of 100 MHz, the cavity length was extended by adding four concave mirrors using an image relay scheme, lowering the repetition rate of the oscillator to 27 MHz. The long-cavity laser operating stably with 120-nm spectral width was suitable for the front-end oscillator of a femtosecond chirped-pulse amplification laser.
Zinc-Induced Collapse of Augmented Inhibition by GABA in a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model (1996)

In the kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy, several physiological indicators of inhibition by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus are consistent with an augmented, rather than a diminished, inhibition. In brain slices obtained from epileptic (kindled) rats, the excitatory drive onto inhibitory interneurons was increased and was paralleled by a reduction in the presynaptic autoinhibition of GABA release. This augmented inhibition was sensitive to zinc most likely after a molecular reorganization of GABAA receptor subunits. Consequently, during seizures, inhibition by GABA may be diminished by the zinc released from aberrantly sprouted mossy fiber terminals of granule cells, which are found in many experimental models of epilepsy and in human temporal lobe epilepsy.
Silicon liquid phase epitaxy for epilift solar cells (2003)

Silicon liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) is a suitable silicon deposition process for the fabrication of thin film silicon solar cells. In this paper we discuss the design and operation of a batch LPE system which is a first step towards mass production. The issue of melt cost can be addressed by efficient recovery of the melt and by switching to more widely available metals, such as tin. Layers grown by the epilift technique using a tin melt have displayed excellent coverage and morphology. Epitaxial layers can be detached by both chemical and mechanical means, with only minimal consumption of the substrate material.
Single and binary rare earth<i>RE</i>Ba<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-delta</sub>films prepared by chemical solution deposition (2008)

In the present work, a series of single and binary rare earth REBa2Cu3O7-delta(REBCO, RE=Y, Ho etc.) thin films, such as YBCO, HoBCO and Y0.7Ho0.3BCO, were prepared by TFA-MOD process. Screw-growth mode and island-like surface were clearly observed in the present samples. Good c-axis orientation and high in-plane texture were identified in the all studied samples by measuring four circle X-ray diffractions (XRD). Theta-2Theta patterns of XRD showed no extra phases other than REBCO. As for HoBCO and Y0.7Ho0.3BCO thin films, the temperature dependences of resistance were investigated in various applied magnetic fields (< 9T) Irreversibility fields (Hirr), characterised with a criteria of zero resistance in R-T curves, showed a similar superconducting behavior between single and binary REBCO, i.e. no obvious changes in performance due to Ho doping in YBCO.
Two-dimensional infrared focal plane arrays based on HgCdTe photoconductive detectors (1996)

A novel photoconductive device structure is proposed and demonstrated that is suitable for use in two-dimensional infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs). The proposed device technology is based on the fabrication of high-performance long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) or mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) photoconductors using epitaxially grown HgCdTe. Although the design concept can be applied to a variety of epitaxially grown HgCdTe materials, optimum performance is achieved using n-type HgCdTe semiconducting material consisting of epitaxially grown heterostructure layers in which a two-dimensional mosaic of photoconductors is fabricated. The heterostructure layers provide high-performance devices at greatly reduced power dissipation levels, while the unique contact design allows for the high-density integration of detectors in a two-dimensional array geometry with high fill-factor. The proposed photoconductor array with n(+) blocking contacts has been experimentally verified in a 3 x 3 array format with all elements in the array exhibiting background limited infrared photodetector (BLIP) performance at 80 K.
Intrinsically Water-Stable Keratin Nanoparticles and Their<i>in Vivo</i>Biodistribution for Targeted Delivery (2014)

Highly water-stable nanoparticles of around 70 nm and capable of distributing with high uptake in certain organs of mice were developed from feather keratin. Nanoparticles could provide novel veterinary diagnostics and therapeutics to boost efficiency in identification and treatment of livestock diseases to improve protein supply and ensure safety and quality of food. Nanoparticles could penetrate easily into cells and small capillaries, surpass detection of the immune system, and reach targeted organs because of their nanoscale sizes. Proteins with positive and negative charges and hydrophobic domains enable loading of various types of drugs and, hence, are advantageous over synthetic polymers and carbohydrates for drug delivery. In this research, the highly cross-linked keratin was processed into nanoparticles with diameters of 70 nm under mild conditions. Keratin nanoparticles were found supportive to cell growth via an in vitro study and highly stable after stored in physiological environments for up to 7 days. At 4 days after injection, up to 18% of the cells in kidneys and 4% of the cells in liver of mice were penetrated by the keratin nanoparticles.
Building extraction from digital elevation models (2003)

To extract buildings from digital elevation models, we define a point process whose points represent buildings. We then define a density for this point process which is split into two parts, consisting in an "internal field" that allows us to model the prior knowledge we have on patterns of buildings in urban areas and an "external field" that makes the point process fit the data. We then use a metropolis Hastings Green sampler coupled with a simulated annealing that gives the configuration of buildings minimizing the energy we have defined. We present results on real data provided by the French Mapping Institute (IGN).
Multiple‐region gradient arrays for extended field of view, increased performance, and reduced nerve stimulation in magnetic resonance imaging (2006)

This article presents a novel design for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient systems. This design may allow the development of MRI scanners that are capable of imaging large regions with high performance while minimizing the potential for nerve stimulation. The general concept of the gradient system is that spatial oscillation is incorporated such that each gradient coil creates multiple, approximately linear gradient regions that oscillate in gradient polarity. Separate radiofrequency (RF) coil arrays are designed to be sensitive to the signals within each linear region and thus allow signal measurements to be obtained separately from each region. Enabling image acquisition in the transition region that separates each pair of adjacent linear regions requires a second gradient system with imaging regions that overlap and coincide with the transition regions of the first gradient system. Imaging the extended field of view (FOV) is accomplished by interleaved operation of the two gradient systems. Simulated annealing is used to create designs for both longitudinal and transverse gradient systems with two imaging regions.
Application of diffraction tomography to fracture detection (1992)

Abstract Two diffraction tomography techniques are applied to crosshole field data to detect fractures in granitic rock. The techniques used are the conventional back-propagation method and a new quadratic programming method incorporating constraints. In this formulation, the Born approximation is used for linearization of the inverse problem. Two dimensional (2-D) pseudo spectral finite-difference synthetic data are generated to demonstrate the inversion methods and justify use of the Born approximation. Also, using 2-D Born synthetic data, the velocity sensitivity of the inversion algorithm and reduction of fracture generated tube waves and S-waves are investigated.The inversion methods are applied to field data from the Grimsel test site in Switzerland. The data are collected from a 10 X 21.5 m rectangular area where fractures are known to exist. Data acquisition with 0.5 m spacing of three component receivers and a piezoelectric source is carried out so as to obtain a nearly complete coverage of the region. Crosshole inversions are performed on data from the receiver components in the plane of the rectangular region and normal to its boundary. As the result of a separate experiment conducted in a homogeneous region of the granitic rock, a cosine function was found to best fit the source radiation pattern. A background attenuation value is estimated for the region, using a simple statistical approach, and estimates of the wavelet are found by common source gathers, common receiver gathers, and averages of all traces. The preprocessing steps are: (1) source radiation correction, (2) attenuation correction, (3) removal of the incident wavefield, (4) muting beginning of the traces and windowing the ends, (5) wavelet deconvolution, and (6) two-and-a-half dimensional (2.5-D) corrections. This preprocessing is designed to enhance scattered P-waves that are used in the inversions.Images obtained from the application of back-propagation and quadratic programming methods to the preprocessed data show possible fracture zones that agree well at the boundaries of the region with the fracture sets observed from core samples taken from the boreholes. Although the quadratic programming method is an order of magnitude slower than the back-propagation method, as demonstrated by the synthetic examples, it proves useful by yielding high resolution images when constraints can be imposed. Transmission ray tomography is also applied to the crosshole data, and although the resolution is not as high, general agreement with the wave equation based methods is obtained.
ACTIVATION OF BENZOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE IN THE CIRCULATION OF MICE WITHOUT SKIN PHOTOSENSITIVITY (1994)

In vitro experiments with benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A (BPD) confirmed earlier studies that it was taken up rapidly (within 30 min) to maximum concentrations by all cells tested. It was also confirmed that rapidly dividing tumor cell lines and mitogen-activated murine T lymphocytes took up significantly more (5-10-fold) BPD than did normal splenic lymphocytes. Further experiments were undertaken to determine whether BPD could be activated by whole-body irradiation with red light in the blood of animals, shortly after intravenous (i.v.) administration, in the absence of skin photosensitivity. It was found that shaved and depilated mice injected i.v. 60 min earlier with BPD at between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg could tolerate 160 J/cm2 of broad-band red light (560-900 nm) delivered, at a relatively low rate, over a 90 min time interval without developing skin photosensitivity or general phototoxicity. During the treatment time, plasma levels of BPD were between 0.7 and 1.0 micrograms/mL. The light treatment resulted in between 70 and 80% photoinactivation of circulating BPD. When L1210 tumor cells were preincubated with BPD and injected i.v. into mice immediately before total-body light treatment (160 J/cm2 of 590-900 nm light delivered over 90 min), significant reductions in circulating clonogenic tumor cells were observed in blood samples taken immediately following treatment. This indicated that sufficient light was being delivered to BPD in the blood flowing in the peripheral vasculature to effect cytotoxicity to cells containing the photosensitizer without causing either vascular or skin photosensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kinetic Analysis of the Reactions of Hypobromous Acid with Protein Components:  Implications for Cellular Damage and Use of 3-Bromotyrosine as a Marker of Oxidative Stress (2004)

Hypohalous acids (HOX, X = Cl, Br) are produced by activated neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and possibly macrophages. These oxidants react readily with biological molecules, with amino acids and proteins being major targets. Elevated levels of halogenated Tyr residues have been detected in proteins isolated from patients with atherosclerosis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis, implicating the production of HOX in these diseases. The quantitative significance of these findings requires knowledge of the kinetics of reaction of HOX with protein targets, and such data have not been previously available for HOBr. In this study, rate constants for reaction of HOBr with protein components have been determined. The second-order rate constants (22 degrees C, pH 7.4) for reaction with protein sites vary by 8 orders of magnitude and decrease in the order Cys > Trp approximately Met approximately His approximately alpha-amino > disulfide > Lys approximately Tyr >> Arg > backbone amides > Gln/Asn. For most residues HOBr reacts 30-100 fold faster than HOCl, though Cys and Met residues are approximately 10-fold less reactive, and ring halogenation of Tyr is approximately 5000-fold faster. Thus, Tyr residues are more, and Cys and Met much less, important targets for HOBr than HOCl. Kinetic models have been developed to predict the targets of HOX attack on proteins and free amino acids. Overall, these results shed light on the mechanisms of cell damage induced by HOX and indicate, for example, that the 3-chloro-Tyr:3-bromo-Tyr ratio does not reflect the relative roles of HOCl and HOBr in disease processes.
Design of diffractive optical elements for high-power laser applications (2004)

Diffractive optical technology is rapidly becoming an indispensable tool for the creation of high-efficiency optical beam-shaping devices within a wide range of industrial and research activities. The high damage thresholds of typical materials used in diffractive optical element fabrication make them highly suited for deployment in high-power laser systems. We present two high-power applications of diffractive optical elements designed using an ultrahigh fidelity, ultrahigh efficiency design technique and demonstrate the advantages, in terms of optical alignment, that can be achieved by combining the diffractive structures with a multilevel diffractive lens.
Cirsilineol inhibits proliferation of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway (2008)

Cirsilineol (4',5-dihydroxy-3',6,7-trimethoxyflavone) is a compound isolated from the herb of Artemisia vestita Wall (Compositae). In this study, we aimed at examining the anti-proliferative activity of cirsilineol against multiple types of cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms. Cirsilineol significantly inhibited proliferation of Caov-3, Skov-3, PC3 and Hela cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The compound also dose-dependently induced apoptosis in Caov-3 cells, as determined by annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Besides, cirsilineol induced a remarkable change in mitochondrial membrane potential and caused release of cytochrome c to cytosol. Furthermore, the compound caused a marked activation of capase-3, caspase-9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). These results suggested that the induction of apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway was involved in the anti-proliferative activity of cirsilineol against cancer cells.
Histamine Antagonists. IV. C-Methyl Derivatives of 1,4-Disubstituted Piperazines<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHistamine Antagonists. IV. C-Methyl Derivatives of 1,4-Disubstituted Piperazines1Karl M. Beck, K. E. Hamlin, and Arthur W. WestonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 3, 605–608Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01123a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01123a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views259Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimental estimation of influence of heated antenna radome on quality of functioning of radiometric information systems of infra-red and millimeter wave bands (2004)

When aircraft fly in dense atmospheric layers at hypersonic speeds, there is heating of antenna radomes for optical and radio information systems. The heating of the radome influences most of all the operation of passive radiometric (RM) information systems operating in the infrared and millimeter wave bands (IR and MMW) because RM information sensors are highly-sensitive receivers of low intensity signals in a background of powerful external interference and RM receiver noise. The paper describes experimental studies of the influence of a heated antenna radome on the functional quality of radiometric information systems at infrared and millimeter wave bands.
Improving automatic sentence boundary detection with confusion networks (2004)

We extend existing methods for automatic sentence boundary detection by leveraging multiple recognizer hypotheses in order to provide robustness to speech recognition errors. For each hypothesized word sequence, an HMM is used to estimate the posterior probability of a sentence boundary at each word boundary. The hypotheses are combined using confusion networks to determine the overall most likely events. Experiments show improved detection of sentences for conversational telephone speech, though results are mixed for broadcast news.
A Study on the Improvement of Antimicrobial Activity and Crease Resistance of Korean Traditional Hansan Ramie Fabrics (1994)

To improve the antimicrobial activity and crease resistance of Korean traditional Hansan ramie fabrics, partially saponified polyethylene(PPS) was used as a softening water repellent agent and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride(QAC) as a antimicrobial agent. The antimicrobial activity was effective by treatments of PPS, QAC and PPS/QAC for shake flask test. For the halo test, PPS/QAC showed good antimicrobial activity. It was found that the desirable composition of HO/PPS/QAC is 98/1/1 for improving the antimicrobial activity and crease resistance of the fabrics.
Retaining Local Image Information in Gamut Mapping Algorithms (2007)

Our topic is the potential of combining global gamut mapping with spatial methods to retain the percepted local image information in gamut mapping algorithms. The main goal is to recover the original local contrast between neighboring pixels in addition to the usual optimization of preserving lightness, saturation, and global contrast. Special emphasis is placed on avoiding artifacts introduced by the gamut mapping algorithm itself. We present an unsharp masking technique based on an edge-preserving smoothing algorithm allowing to avoid halo artifacts. The good performance of the presented approach is verified by a psycho-visual experiment using newspaper printing as a representative of a small destination gamut application. Furthermore, the improved mapping properties are documented with local mapping histograms.