gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recurrent airway obstruction: A review (2013)

Recurrent airway obstruction is a widely recognised airway disorder, characterised by hypersensitivity-mediated neutrophilic airway inflammation and lower airway obstruction in a subpopulation of horses when exposed to suboptimal environments high in airborne organic dust. Over the past decade, numerous studies have further advanced our understanding of different aspects of the disease. These include clarification of the important inhaled airborne agents responsible for disease induction, improving our understanding of the underlying genetic basis of disease susceptibility and unveiling the fundamental immunological mechanisms leading to establishment of the classic disease phenotype. This review, as well as giving a clinical overview of recurrent airway obstruction, summarises much of the work in these areas that have culminated in a more thorough understanding of this debilitating disease.
Selective staining by vital dyes of Müller glial cells in retinal wholemounts (2003)

Müller glial cells within the retina may respond to different signaling molecules with an elevation of their intracellular free calcium. To prove the localization of the recorded calcium responses in Müller cells within acutely isolated retinal wholemounts, retinal pieces from adult animals and humans were exposed to different vital dyes just after the calcium imaging records were finished. The dyes, Mitotracker Orange, Mitotracker Green, Celltracker Orange, Celltracker Green, and monochlorobimane, are all selectively taken up by Müller glial cells, while neuronal cells remain largely devoid of the dyes. By using this method, it can be demonstrated that the free calcium alterations within the wholemounts indeed occur within Müller cells. Moreover, the cross-sectional areas of (dye-filled) Müller glial cell bodies, as well as of (dye-free) neuronal cell bodies, can be measured in retinal wholemounts, and the spatial densities of both types of cells can be determined. The vital dye loading of Müller cells may facilitate investigations of stimulus-induced alterations of retinal glial cell physiology and morphology.
A proposed magnetically enhanced reactive ion etcher for ULSI (1992)

An ultraclean (UC) magnetically enhanced reactive ion etcher (MERIE) is proposed to overcome the limitations of the present-state MERIE available commercially. The sensitivity of gas compositions, pumping speed, substrate temperature and magnetic field intensity are discussed as examples of hardware-related process limitations. Five major configuration changes are proposed in the system: (1) improved effective pumping speed; (2) supplementary magnets for uniform and stable plasma distribution; (3) dual RF excitation for independent control of ion energy and flux; (4) DC-biased shield electrode for minimum chamber material contamination; and (5) DC-biased substrate. A study with a dual RF excitation system found that DC-baising the Si substrate in low-energy SiO/sub 2/ etching process can significantly reduce the Si etching rate by impeding positive ions from reaching the substrate. In addition, SiO/sub 2/ to Si etching rate selectivity can be significantly improved during the overetch step in SiO/sub 2/ etching of high-aspect-ratio contact holes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Very small single-mode ten-fiber connector (1988)

A small plastic molded single-mode ten-fiber connector has been developed for high-count optical subscriber cables. The connector ferrule alignment mechanism is designed with a sufficient factor of safety to allow rough handling during connection. The ferrules are precisely aligned by alignment pins and guide sleeve. The fabricated connector, which has a cross section of just 4 mm * 6 mm, exhibited an average loss of 0.4 dB and reconnection time of less than 0.5 min. Connection loss does not change after over 1000 reconnections.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Randombred Control Population of Turkeys (1964)

THE use of unselected control populations in the field of poultry genetics is of relatively recent advent for the study of quantitative traits. Populations of this type are needed to serve as genetic and environmental controls in order: (1) to provide benchmarks from which to measure genetic changes in populations under artificial selection and (2) to distinguish between genetic and environmental changes. Also, reliable estimates of genetic parameters, such as heritabilities and genetic and environmental correlations, are obtainable only from randombred populations; because the method of variance and covariance analysis used to estimate these parameters assumes unselected random matings. The use of control populations of chickens has been reported in the literature. Skaller (1956) used a small-sized control flock and the method of maintenance allowed inbreeding to increase 17 percent in 5 generations. This resulted in an estimated loss of 5 eggs per bird. Gowe and Johnson (1956) used a…
Distortion Correction in Audio Power Amplifiers (1981)

An audio power amplifier design technique is presented which has the property of minimizing the nonlinear distortion that is generated in class A and class AB output stages. A modified feedback technique has been identified that is particularly suited to the design of near-unity gain stages. The technique can linearize the transfer characteristic and minimize the output resistance of the output stage. Consequently it is possible to design a power amplifier that uses fairly modest overall negative feedback, yet attains minimal crossover distortion together with an adequate damping factor. A generalized feedforward-feedback structure is presented from which a system model isderived that can compensate for both nonlinear voltage and nonlinear current transfer characteristics. From this theoretical model, several circuit examples are presented which illustrate that only circuits of modest complexity are needed to implement the distortion correction technique. In conclusion a design philosophy is described for an audio power amplifier which is appropriate for both bipolar and FET devices, whereby only modest overall negative feedback is necessary.
HYMAD: Hybrid DTN-MANET routing for dense and highly dynamic wireless networks (2009)

In this paper we propose HYMAD, a hybrid DTN-MANET routing protocol which uses DTN between disjoint groups of nodes while using MANET routing within these groups. HYMAD is fully decentralized and only makes use of topological information exchanges between the nodes. We evaluate the scheme in simulation by replaying real life traces which exhibit this highly dynamic connectivity. The results show that HYMAD outperforms the multi-copy Spray-and-Wait DTN routing protocol it extends, both in terms of delivery ratio and delay, for any number of message copies. Our conclusion is that such a hybrid DTN-MANET approach offers a promising venue for the delivery of elastic data in mobile ad-hoc networks as it retains the resilience of a pure DTN protocol while significantly improving performance.
<title>Hot embossing and injection molding for micro-optical components</title> (1997)

After the successful development of micro-optical components today the first commercial applications are arising. This induces the necessity of adapted production technologies. Hot embossing and injection molding are two techniques to fabricate micro-optical components characterized by lateral structure details below 1 micrometers , structure heights up to one millimeter and aspect ratios between 20 and 100. Injection molding is famous for its short cycle times which makes this method well suited for mass production.Very delicate microstructures and multilayer components can be fabricated e.g. within the framework of the LIGA-process by hot embossing. Examples for micro-optical components fabricate by molding as well as process equipment will be discussed.
Extremely low tail current optical transceiver module for passive double star TDMA networks (2002)

Summary form only given. We believe we have demonstrated extremely low tail current 1.3-μm laser diode/photodiode (LD/PD) transceiver module for OSU application for the first time. Also high performance is obtained over a wide temperature range from -40 C to +850 C. These features will help make PDS-TDMA architecture more attractive for subscriber loop networks.
Ensembl 2016 (2015)

The Ensembl project (http://www.ensembl.org) is a system for genome annotation, analysis, storage and dissemination designed to facilitate the access of genomic annotation from chordates and key model organisms. It provides access to data from 87 species across our main and early access Pre! websites. This year we introduced three newly annotated species and released numerous updates across our supported species with a concentration on data for the latest genome assemblies of human, mouse, zebrafish and rat. We also provided two data updates for the previous human assembly, GRCh37, through a dedicated website (http://grch37.ensembl.org). Our tools, in particular the VEP, have been improved significantly through integration of additional third party data. REST is now capable of larger-scale analysis and our regulatory data BioMart can deliver faster results. The website is now capable of displaying long-range interactions such as those found in cis-regulated datasets. Finally we have launched a website optimized for mobile devices providing views of genes, variants and phenotypes. Our data is made available without restriction and all code is available from our GitHub organization site (http://github.com/Ensembl) under an Apache 2.0 license.
Stimulation with Submaximal Current for Train-of-Four Monitoring (1990)

The present study evaluated responses to train-of-four (TOF) stimulation at a range of stimulating currents. Traditionally TOF has been applied with a supramaximal stimulus but this may be quite uncomfortable for the awake patient. In the first part of this study, 12 healthy volunteers quantified (by 10-cm visual analog scale) the discomfort associated with TOF stimulation at 20, 30, and 50 mA. The median VAS scores were 2, 3, and 6, respectively (P less than 0.05 for differences between each group). In the second part, single twitch and TOF responses were compared at 20, 30, and 50 mA in 64 postoperative and in 19 intraoperative patients who had ratios of the fourth to the first twitch (T4/T1) ranging from 0.15-1.03. In all patients, neuromuscular responses to nerve stimulation were recorded by a mechanogram, and the T4/T1 ratios were calculated. Although single twitch heights increased significantly as amperage was increased, there was no statistical difference in the T4/T1 ratios at the three different currents. The mean +/- SD T4/T1 ratios at 20, 30, and 50 mA were 0.795 +/- 0.247, 0.798 +/- 0.237, and 0.802 +/- 0.233, respectively (P = ns). It is concluded that TOF monitoring using a submaximal stimulus is more comfortable for the awake patient who is suspected of residual weakness, and that T4/T1 testing can be reliably accomplished intraoperatively as well as postoperatively using submaximal stimuli.
Supported planar germanium waveguides for infrared evanescent-wave sensing (1997)

We have fabricated miniature planar IR waveguides with thicknesses of 30-50 mum, consisting of 12-mm long, 2-mm wide strips of Ge supported on ZnS substrates. Evidence for efficient propagation of broadband IR light through these waveguides is provided by the presence of characteristic high- and low-frequency optical cutoffs of Ge; by the observation of an oscillatory interference pattern in the transmittance spectrum, which exhibits a dependence on waveguide thickness and propagation angle that closely matches waveguide theory; and by the detection of strong evanescent-wave absorption from small (2 mm(2)) droplets of liquid, e.g., water, on the waveguide surface. As also predicted by theory, the surface sensitivity (detected light absorbance per unit area of sample-waveguide contact) is shown to increase as a function of incidence or bevel angle.
Bandwidth characteristics and comparisons of surface texture measuring instruments (2010)

Keynote Presentation
Impairment of Mycobacterial But Not Viral Immunity by a Germline Human <i>STAT1</i> Mutation (2001)

Interferons (IFN) alpha/beta and gamma induce the formation of two transcriptional activators: gamma-activating factor (GAF) and interferon-stimulated gamma factor 3 (ISGF3). We report a natural heterozygous germline STAT1 mutation associated with susceptibility to mycobacterial but not viral disease. This mutation causes a loss of GAF and ISGF3 activation but is dominant for one cellular phenotype and recessive for the other. It impairs the nuclear accumulation of GAF but not of ISGF3 in heterozygous cells stimulated by IFNs. Thus, the antimycobacterial, but not the antiviral, effects of human IFNs are principally mediated by GAF.
An Experimental Study of Hybridization in the Genus Apocynum (1936)

In his monograph of the genus Apocynum, Woodson ('30) maintained a rather extreme position as to the prevalence and importance of interspecific hybridization in that genus. He classified the Apocynums of eastern North America in four species, A. hypericifolium, A. cannabinum, A. androsaemifolium, and A. medium, the last derived from hybridization between two of the others. The remaining variants, largely (according to Woodson) the result of hybridization, were allocated to some 14 varieties of these major species. Figure 2, a copy of his fig. 11, presents a graphical summary of his hypotheses as to phylogenetic relationships in the genus. To the writer these ideas, though stimulating and interesting, seemed rather in need of experimental confirmation by other than purely morphological criteria. After much friendly argument an experiment was planned and carried to completion in the experimental grounds of the Bussey Institution of Harvard University. It consisted in making progeny tests of individual plants of Apocynum cannabinum and A. androsaemifolium., and their suspected hybrid, A. medium. It is pleasant to report that the genetical and cytological data not only confirmed Dr. Woodson 's general thesis but that they agreed exactly with several minor details of his hypothesis about which the writer had been extremely skeptical.
Sensory Stimulation for Inhibition of Epileptic Seizures (1989)

Simple acoustic stimuli were delivered at the onset of absence seizures in 23 investigations of 19 patients. In 79 of 139 observations, the stimulation promptly inhibited the seizure. The most effective inhibition was achieved in the first 3 s of the absence seizure. An automatic system of self-stimulation is recommended for further investigations. Following solution of some theoretical questions and technical problems, the suggested method can become a new therapeutic modality in seizure treatment.
A New Method of Target Detection Based on Autonomous Radar and Camera Data Fusion (2017)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Vehicle and pedestrian detection technology is the most important part of advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) and automatic driving. The fusion of millimeter wave radar and camera is an important trend to enhance the environmental perception performance. In this paper, we propose a method of vehicle and pedestrian detection based on millimeter wave radar and camera. Moreover, the proposed method complete the detection of vehicle and pedestrian based on dynamic region generated by the radar data and sliding window. First, the radar target information is mapped to the image by means of coordinate transformation. Then by analyzing the scene, we obtain the sliding windows. Next, the sliding windows are detected by HOG features and SVM classifier in a rough detect. Then using the match function to confirm the target. Finally detecting the windows in a precision detection and merging the detecting windows. The target detection process is carried out in the following three steps. The first step is to read the radar signal and capture the camera data at the same time. The second step is to frame and fuse the data. The third step is to detect the target and display the result. Through experiments, it is proved that the fusion algorithm we proposed can detect vehicle and pedestrian better, and provide the basis for the following target tracking research.</div></div>
A Wearable, Wireless Gaze Tracker with Integrated Selection Command Source for Human‐Computer Interaction (2011)

A light-weight, wearable, wireless gaze tracker with integrated selection command source for human-computer interaction is introduced. The prototype system combines head-mounted, video-based gaze tracking with capacitive facial movement detection that enable multimodal interaction by gaze pointing and making selections with facial gestures. The system is targeted mainly to disabled people with limited mobility over their hands. The hardware was made wireless to remove the need to take off the device when moving away from the computer, and to allow future use in more mobile contexts. The algorithms responsible for determining the eye and head orientations to map gaze direction to on-screen coordinates are presented together with the one to detect movements from the measured capacitance signal. Point-and-click experiments were conducted to assess the performance of the multimodal system. The results show decent performance in laboratory and office conditions. The overall point-and-click accuracy in the multimodal experiments is comparable to the errors in previous research on head-mounted, single modality gaze tracking that does not compensate for changes in head orientation.
MAFCO: A Compression Tool for MAF Files (2015)

In the last decade, the cost of genomic sequencing has been decreasing so much that researchers all over the world accumulate huge amounts of data for present and future use. These genomic data need to be efficiently stored, because storage cost is not decreasing as fast as the cost of sequencing. In order to overcome this problem, the most popular general-purpose compression tool, gzip, is usually used. However, these tools were not specifically designed to compress this kind of data, and often fall short when the intention is to reduce the data size as much as possible. There are several compression algorithms available, even for genomic data, but very few have been designed to deal with Whole Genome Alignments, containing alignments between entire genomes of several species. In this paper, we present a lossless compression tool, MAFCO, specifically designed to compress MAF (Multiple Alignment Format) files. Compared to gzip, the proposed tool attains a compression gain from 34% to 57%, depending on the data set. When compared to a recent dedicated method, which is not compatible with some data sets, the compression gain of MAFCO is about 9%. Both source-code and binaries for several operating systems are freely available for non-commercial use at: http://bioinformatics.ua.pt/software/mafco.
The Molten Helix: Effects of Solvation on the .alpha.- to 310-Helical Transition (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Molten Helix: Effects of Solvation on the .alpha.- to 310-Helical TransitionMark L. Smythe, Shawn E. Huston, and Garland R. MarshallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 20, 5445–5452Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00125a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00125a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Active Online System Identification of Switch Mode DC–DC Power Converter Based on Efficient Recursive DCD-IIR Adaptive Filter (2012)

This paper introduces a novel technique for online system identification. Specific attention is given to the parameter estimation of dc-dc switched-mode power converters; however, the proposed method can be applied to many alternative applications where efficient and accurate parameter estimation is required. The proposed technique is computationally efficient, based on a dichotomous coordinate descent algorithm, and uses an infinite impulse response adaptive filter as the plant model. The system identification technique reduces the computational complexity of existing recursive least squares algorithms. Importantly, the proposed method is also able to identify the parameters quickly and accurately, thus offering an efficient hardware solution that is well suited to real-time applications. Simulation analysis and validation based on experimental data obtained from a prototype synchronous dc-dc buck converter is presented. Results clearly demonstrate that the estimated parameters of the dc-dc converter are a very close match to those of the experimental system. The approach can be directly embedded into adaptive and self-tuning digital controllers to improve the control performance of a wide range of industrial and commercial applications.
High Strength Bonding of Sapphire (2002)

"New high performance optical systems require highly durable, broadband window materials in larger sizes than are currently available. To meet this need, a low cost edge-bonding process was developed for producing large area sapphire windows from smaller, melt-grown blanks. The method uses a polycrystalline alumina interlayer to promote diffusion and single crystal conversion at the interface between two sapphire substrates and produce high strength bonds. The goal of the current research effort is to determine the optimal alumina composition for maximum bond strength. Polycrystalline alumina fillets containing various chemical additives were prepared by tape casting for use in bonding trials. Oriented sapphire blanks were edge bonded in a furnace with special fixtures to accurately align and apply a load to the components during heat treatment. This approach is consistent with and builds upon the methods used in the previous edge-bonding studies. Flexure strength of the bonded samples, as compared to monolithic sapphire, was used as the performance metric. Additional bonding runs were carried out using the highest performing fillet composition in order to provide a sufficient number of specimens to conduct a Weibull analysis of the failure probability of the bonded material as a function of applied stress. A high purity alumina composition containing 3 wt.% SiO2, 0.05 wt.% MgO, and 0.05 wt.% Ti, produced the highest strength bonds. This composition yielded an average fracture strength of 255 MPa (37 kpsi), a Weibull modulus of 8.2, and a characteristic strength of 269 MPa (39 kpsi). These results compare favorably to monolithic sapphire specimens which yielded an average fracture strength of 284 MPa (41 kpsi)."