gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compression of LiDAR Data Using Spatial Clustering and Optimal Plane-Fitting (2013)

With the advancement in geospatial data acquisition technology, large sizes of digital data are being collected for our world. These include air- and space-borne imagery, LiDAR data, sonar data, terrestrial laser-scanning data, etc. LiDAR sensors generate huge datasets of point of multiple returns. Because of its large size, LiDAR data has costly storage and computational requirements. In this article, a LiDAR compression method based on spatial clustering and optimal filtering is presented. The method consists of classification and spatial clustering of the study area image and creation of the optimal planes in the LiDAR dataset through first-order plane-fitting. First-order plane-fitting is equivalent to the Eigen value problem of the covariance matrix. The Eigen value of the covariance matrix represents the spatial variation along the direction of the corresponding eigenvector. The eigenvector of the minimum Eigen value is the estimated normal vector of the surface formed by the LiDAR point and its neighbors. The ratio of the minimum Eigen value and the sum of the Eigen values approximates the change of local curvature, which determines the deviation of the surface formed by a LiDAR point and its neighbors from the tangential plane formed at that neighborhood. If the minimum Eigen value is close to zero for example, then the surface consisting of the point and its neighbors is a plane. The objective of this ongoing research work is basically to develop a LiDAR compression method that can be used in the future at the data acquisition phase to help remove fake returns and redundant points.
Structural Comparison of Dioecious Wood among Three Species of the Broadleaved Trees (1998)

The structures of the woods of the female and male trees in Bischoffia javanica, Flacourtia rukam and Nephelium lappaceum were comparatively described in detail.The results showed that the overall characters of the dioecious woods were generally quite similar, however, some significantly or extremely signicantly different charateristics, although being similarly occurred among the three species, still existed between the male and female woods within the same species. Within the three species, the ratios of the wood fiber wall thicknesses /lumen diameters in the female woods are larger than the ones in the male woods, and the numbers of the septate fibers and the fiber tracheids are smaller. It is considered that the female wood might possess a greater mechanical weight bearing force in supporting the fruit.
Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of substances that carry blood group A specificity (1992)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to estimate the amount of material carrying blood group A activity in biologic samples. A soluble synthetic form of the A antigenic determinant (A trisaccharide, ATS) conjugated to peroxidase competes with the blood group A substance present in a biologic sample for anti-A attached to a solid phase by a second antibody coating the plastic micro-wells. A reference curve is constructed by using known quantities of ATS to compete with a fixed amount of ATS-peroxidase conjugate. The A substance activity in a sample is obtained by extrapolating the degree of inhibition of the binding of the ATS-peroxidase conjugate to an equivalent amount of ATS in the reference curve. The assay is reproducible, specific, and sensitive. It has been used in pharmacologic studies to estimate the concentration of ATS in the blood and urine of rats, rabbits, and baboons and in a study with human samples, testing the potential clinical use of ATS to neutralize anti-A when therapeutically indicated. It is also useful for the detection of ABO natural products in secretions, thus allowing the accurate classification of secretor and nonsecretor individuals.
Production Of Desalinated Water Using Ocean Thermal Energy (2005)

This paper describes an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) desalination plant that consists of a multistage flash evaporator (MSF), a closed-cycle OTEC power plant, and an appropriate seawater system depending if the desalination plant is land based or floating. OTEC desalination plants of this type are preferred because the production of desalinated water far exceeds that obtained from other OTEC plant types employing the same size seawater system. The focus of the paper is on the multistage flash evaporator. The similarities and differences between conventional MSF and OTEC multistage flash evaporators (OTEC-MSF) are first described. Then the details of the OTEC-MSF evaporator design are discussed and preliminary correlations are recommended for the three major elements: the flash chamber, the moisture removal device, and the condenser. Recent advances such as enhanced condenser tubes, condensers of the compact type, and corrugated-plate moisture separators are introduced into the design. Comparisons of the water production capability, evaporator shell volume, and material cost are then presented for state-of-the-art and the new design concepts.
Dynamics of fever and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor are closely associated during clinical paroxysms in Plasmodium vivax malaria. (1992)

Paroxysms are sharp episodes of high fever accompanied by chills and rigors that occur periodically, once in every 48 hr in Plasmodium vivax infections. We have measured the changing levels of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) during paroxysms in non-immune patients infected with P. vivax malaria. The changes in TNF levels closely paralleled the rise and fall in temperature during the paroxysms but tended to precede them by 30-60 min. These observations suggest that the rise and fall in temperature during P. vivax paroxysm may be directly related to the periodic changes in TNF levels induced during these infections. The peak TNF levels reached during P. vivax infections were much higher than even those which have been recorded during severe and fatal P. falciparum infections in which TNF has been postulated to contribute to the severe manifestations of this disease.
Conditions of Bifidobacterial Colonization in Preterm Infants: A Prospective Analysis (2007)

Birth gestational age seems to act as a major determinant of bifidobacterial colonization in the premature infant, suggesting the role of gut maturation, a finding that should probably be taken into account in manipulations of the gut flora aimed at reducing NEC.
The Fate of Copper During Corrosion of Cu-5Zn-5Al-1Sn (89% Cu, 5% Zn, 5% Al, 1% Sn) Compared to Copper in Synthetic Perspiration Solution (2015)

Cu-5Zn-5Al-1Sn (89% Cu, 5% Zn, 5% Al, 1% Sn) and UNS C11000 copper (Cu) were compared with respect to corrosion rate, film formation, and Cu release in two surface conditions pertinent to the use of antimicrobial functional materials. Electrochemical, surface characterization, and solution analysis methods were utilized to track the fate of copper during corrosion in synthetic perspiration solution in a freshly ground condition and after 30-d lab air passivation. Corrosion behavior was a function of both alloy composition and surface condition with slightly lower corrosion rates on Cu-5Zn-5Al-1Sn compared to Cu. Throughout the corrosion process, the majority of Cu was observed to undergo dissolution into the synthetic perspiration solution as copper cations for both materials, at concentrations that would suggest favorable antimicrobial functionality for both Cu-5Zn-5Al-1Sn and Cu, regardless of surface condition. In contrast, oxide films were thinner on Cu-5Zn-5Al-1Sn under all conditions. Hence, the combination of a slightly lower corrosion rate and a thinner oxide resulted in a similar Cu release rate for the two materials in synthetic perspiration.
Computer Simulator of Coiled Tubing Wellbore Cleanouts In Deviated Wells Recommends Optimum Pump Rate and Fluid Viscosity (1995)

ABSTRACT Key factors in the efficient removal of sand fill from deviated wells are the proper selection of a fluid and the pump rates. The operation should be designed to (1) reduce or eliminate the formation of beds of particles in the annulus between the casing and tubing, (2) maintain the particles in suspension and (3) transport the fill to the surface. Currently, the only guidelines available for the preferred pump rate and fluid properties apply specifically to vertical wells. In essence, the recommendation is that the linear fluid velocity in the annulus should exceed twice the particle fall velocity. However, in a deviated well, the linear fluid velocity will not prevent the particles from falling to the lower side of the annulus and forming a bed. Unless the particles are perfectly supported by the fluid, formation of a bed can only be prevented by maintaining a sufficiently high level of turbulent activity. A new design tool for coiled tubing (CT) cleanouts in deviated wells has been developed. Based on a mechanistic model of particle transport in deviated wells, it predicts the conditions under which a particle bed is formed, calculates the depth of the bed and determines whether the bed slides upward, remains stationary or slides back down the well. Moreover, it calculates the minimum pump rate required to achieve complete suspension of the fill for different fluid viscosities, sand pick-up rates and deviation angles, thereby allowing a simple assessment of the optimum design parameters.
Synergistic Effect between Intraneoplastic Methotrexate and Radiation on Experimental Intracerebral Rat Gliosarcoma (1994)

METHOTREXATE (MTX) ALONE has a limited effect against malignant brain tumors, but we previously demonstrated a beneficial synergism between MTX and radiation therapy (XRT) against RT-9 gliosarcoma. Because the beneficial effects of that study were limited by systemic toxicity and poor brain penetration of MTX, we have continued our studies using direct intracerebral MTX therapy. Male CD-Fisher rats with intracerebrally implanted RT-9 gliosarcoma and indwelling brain tumor catheters were treated with intracerebral injections of MTX, whole-brain XRT, or a combination of both. MTX was given either as one of two “high-dose” treatments, on the basis of whole-body doses, or two “low-doses,” on the basis of average brain weight. MTX alone at lower doses and XRT alone each prolonged survival moderately. High-dose MTX was highly toxic, but low-dose MTX was well tolerated. Combined MTX and XRT caused a significant prolongation of survival in all animals that survived treatment long enough to die from tumor growth.
Control of statically hoverable multi-rotor aerial vehicles and application to rotor-failure robustness for hexarotors (2017)

Standard hexarotors are often mistakenly considered `by definition' fail-safe multi-rotor platforms because of the two additional propellers when compared to quadrotors. However this is not true, in fact, a standard hexarotor cannot statically hover with `only' five propellers. In this paper we provide a set of new general algebraic conditions to ensure static hover for any multi-rotor platform with any number of generically oriented rotors. These are elegantly formulated as the full-rankness of the control moment input matrix, and the non-orthogonality between its null-space and the row space of the control force input matrix. Input saturations and safety margins are also taken into account with an additional condition on the null-space of control moment input matrix. A deep analysis on the hoverability properties is then carried out focusing on the propeller loss in a hexarotor platform. Leveraging our general results we explain why a standard hexarotor is not robust and how it can be made robust thanks to a particular tilt of the rotors. We finally propose a novel cascaded controller based on a preferential direction in the null-space of the control moment input matrix for the large class of statically hoverable multi-rotors, which goes far beyond standard platforms, and we apply this controller to the case of failed tilted hexarotor.
Intelligent Automated Welding for Shipyard Applications (1992)

Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) integrated with Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) will form the basis of engineering/planning systems of the future. These systems will have the capability to operate in a paperless environment and provide highly optimized process operation plans. The WELDEXCELL System is a prototype of such a system for welding in shipyards. The paper discusses three significant computer technology advances which have been in into the WELDEXCELL prototype. First is a computerized system for allowing multiple knowledge sources (expert systems, humans, data systems, etc.) to work together to solve a common problem (the weld plan). This system is called a "blackboard." The second is a methodology for the blackboard to communicate to the human user. This interface includes full interactive graphics fully integrated to CAD as well as data searches and automatic completion of routine engineering tasks. The third is artificial neural networks (ANS's), which are based on biological neural networks (such as the human brain) and which can do neural reasoning tasks about difficult problems. ANS's offer the opportunity to model highly complex multivariable and nonlinear processes (for example, welding) and provide a means for an engineer to quantitatively assess the process and its operation.
Generic Locking and Deadlock-Prevention with C++. (2007)

Concurrent programming with threads heavily relies on locks. The locks provided by most threading systems are rather basic and suffer from a variety of problems. This paper addresses some of them, namely deadlocks, lack of exception-safety, and their procedural style. We describe higher-level locks that can be assembled from the more basic ones. Throughout the paper, we refer to C++ and OpenMP for parallelization, but most of the functionality is generic and independent from OpenMP. This work is part of the AthenaMP project.
Argus: End-to-end service anomaly detection and localization from an ISP's point of view (2012)

Recent trends in the networked services industry (e.g., CDN, VPN, VoIP, IPTV) see Internet Service Providers (ISPs) leveraging their existing network connectivity to provide an end-to-end solution. Consequently, new opportunities are available to monitor and improve the end-to-end service quality by leveraging the information from inside the network. We propose a new approach to detect and localize end-to-end service quality issues in such ISP-managed networked services by utilizing traffic data passively monitored at the ISP side, the ISP network topology, routing tables and geographic information. This paper presents the design of a generic service quality monitoring system “Argus”. Argus has been successfully deployed in a tier-1 ISP to monitor millions of users of its CDN service and assist operators to detect and localize end-to-end service quality issues. This operational experience demonstrates that Argus is effective in accurate, quick detection and localization of important service quality issues.
<title>Scaled CMOS MEMS for real-time infrared scene generation</title> (2000)

CMOS/MEMS is used as a technique to create infrared emitters. A commercial CMOS process is used that, with a post-processing silicon etch, creates thermally isolated, electronically addressable polysilicon resistors suitable for infrared scene generation. Previous efforts have focused on 2.0 micron CMOS processes which require large suspended structures in order to accommodate the design rules. This work has successfully used a 1.2 micron commercial process with a post-processing silicon etch to scale down the emitter structure to 40 X 40 microns. This allows higher density arrays, and together with using the high value poly resistor available in the 1.2 micrometer process, allows lower current operation, significantly relaxing the design constraints previously encountered. A 128 X 128 design was fabricated in this process and is characterized using a microradiometer. A silicon-on-insulator thermal pixel array design with a further reduction in emitter dimensions is also presented.
Metastability in the ferrimagnetic–antiferromagnetic phase transition in Co substituted Mn<sub>2</sub>Sb (2007)

A detailed investigation of the first-order ferrimagnetic (FRI) to antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition in Mn1.85Co0.15Sb is carried out. These measurements demonstrate anomalous thermomagnetic irreversibility and a glass-like frozen FRI phase at low temperatures. The irreversibility arising between the supercooling and superheating spinodals is distinguished in an ingenious way from the irreversibility arising due to kinetic arrest. Field annealing measurements show a re-entrant FRI–AFM–FRI transition with increasing temperature. In this system the kinetic arrest band and supercooling band are also shown to be anticorrelated (i.e. the regions which are kinetically arrested at higher temperature have lower supercooling temperature and vice versa), which has been a universal feature of the AFM/ferromagnetic transition so far.
Starch Viscosity or Strength (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStarch Viscosity or StrengthWillard L. Morgan and Norman L. VaughnCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1943, 35, 2, 233–238Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50398a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50398a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Laser annealed Ta/Ge and Ni/Ge ohmic contacts to GaAs (1981)

Refractory metal ohmic contacts to n-type GaAs have been developed using epitaxial Ge films and pulsed laser annealing. Laser annealing was carried out with a 22 ns pulse from a Q-switched ruby laser operating in the TEM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</inf> mode. The specific contact resistivity of the contacts Ta/Ge and Ni/Ge on 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> dopes GaAs exhibited sharp minima as a function of laser energy density at 1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> Ω-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> Ω-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively, which occurred near the melting point of the layered contacts. Auger electron sputter profiles revealed Ge migration into the GaAs surface after laser annealing at sufficient energy density to form ohmic contact. The contacts have applications to high temperature devices and to devices which experience high channel or contact temperatures, such as power FETs and TEDs.
Methyl Jasmonate Induces Defense Responses in Grapevine and Triggers Protection against <i>Erysiphe necator</i> (2006)

Grapevine is subject to a number of diseases that affect yield and wine quality. To limit the excessive use of phytochemicals in the vineyard, alternative strategies have to be developed. Plant treatment with signaling molecules like elicitors stimulates their natural defense mechanisms. To improve grapevine tolerance against fungal pathogens, Vitis vinifera plants were treated with a natural exogenous elicitor, methyl jasmonate (MeJA). MeJA-treated leaves (Cabernet Sauvignon foliar cuttings) reacted by increasing transcript levels coding pathogenesis-related proteins (acidic class IV chitinase, serine protease inhibitor, polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein, and beta-1,3-glucanase) and coding enzymes involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis (one phenylalanine ammonia lyase and one stilbene synthase). This was correlated with the accumulation of stilbenes (antimicrobial compounds). The eliciting activity of MeJA was confirmed by enhanced tolerance of grapevine foliar cuttings and vineyard against powdery mildew (75% and 73%, respectively). On the basis of these original results, MeJA can therefore act as an efficient elicitor in an alternative strategy of grapevine protection.
A high-fidelity physical map of human chromosome 21q in yeast artificial chromosomes. (1995)

Understanding of the human genome has been advanced significantly by the development of large DNA fragment libraries. To create a map of chromosome 21q that integrates the physical, cytogenetic, and linkage maps, we have characterized a subset of 127 chromosome 21 yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones for size, by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, for chimerism and cytogenetic location, by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and for sequence-tagged sites (STS) content, by PCR. It was found that 54% generated unique map locations on chromosome 21, and 45% detected sites on other chromosomes, of which 33% likely represented true chimerism. Using a simple algorithm, the data from nonchimeric clones have been combined to generate a size-corrected minimal tiling pathway including 58 chromosome 21q YACs that represent approximately 33 Mb and include 9 gaps. To confirm the resulting order and relationship to the cytogenetic map, the breakpoints from 23 cell lines partially aneuploid for chromosome 21 have been analyzed by quantitative Southern blot dosage analysis and FISH with a subset of the markers. As one way of investigating the relationship of the genetic to the physical map, the genetic map was superimposed on the physical map using a subset of well-defined markers common to both. The results suggest potential hot spots for recombination and/or gaps in the physical map. This integrated map will facilitate the search for the genes responsible for the Down syndrome phenotypes and provide a better understanding of genome organization and chromosome structure.