gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Points Modulator Based on DPLL for Wideband Polar Modulation (2013)

We present a nonlinear event-driven model of a Digital PLL used in the context of a polar modulation. This modeling has shown that the estimation method of the TDC gain has a big impact on the EVM for wideband modulation and a solution has been proposed which consists to add the modulation on the gain after calibration of the gain offset. This transforms the classical two-points modulator into a three-points modulator. This implementation has been validated for WCDMA standard.
Content based segmentation of patterned wafers (2004)

We extend our previous work on the image segmentation of electronic structures on patterned wafers to improve the defect detection process on optical inspection tools. Die-to-die wafer inspection is based on the comparison of the same area on two neighboring dies. The dissimilarities between the images are a result of defects in this area of one of the dies. The noise level can vary from one structure to the other, within the same image. Therefore, segmentation is required to create a mask and apply an optimal threshold in each region. Contrast variation on the texture can affect the response of the parameters used for the segmentation. We show a method to anticipate these variations with a limited number of training samples, and modify the classifier accordingly to improve the segmentation results.
Model study of the spinning of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers: Fiber performance predictions and bounds on throughput (1999)

We apply a model for thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) that couples hydrodynamics, anisotropic rodlike microstructural dynamics, free surface effects, and thermodynamics to study fiber spinning of these materials. The model incorporates a Doi type theory for the nematodynamics, along with physical constants, empirical correlations for air drag and functional heat loss coefficient, and rheological relations that are consistent with the melt processing of TLCPs. This new single-phase model (Forest et al., 1998) does not arbitrarily assume a rigid fiber of constant velocity below glass transition temperature of the TLCP, a feature that allows a multiparameter stability calculation of the critical draw ratio. For this study, fiber spinning steady states are computed in experimentally based physical regimes. We predict spun fiber performance properties (birefringence, modulus, and axial force), process sensitivity, and bounds on throughput (draw ratio) due to heat loss, air drag, the temperature variation between the melt and ambient, and the material properties of TLCPs. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv in Polym Techn 18: 314–335, 1999
A digital video system for the CATV industry (1970)

A ditigal pulse code modulator (PCM) system is proposed to implement long-haul video system for the CATV industry. A comparison is made between PCM system and wide-band FM system in terms of repeaterability versus additional occupied signal bandwidth. This is followed by a noise analysis of coaxial cable to determine the correct PCM format and bit information rate. An 80- megabit system is selected, which uses an 8-bit code in a four-level, eight-level, eight-level pulse sequence per video sample. The selected PCM system is then evaluated for its performance on both a long-haul cable system and a long-haul microwave system. Performance calculations are made on a 500-mile cable system in terms of error rate and its related video signal-to-noise ratio. Repeater spacings are computad for various configurations, including the replacement of the digital regenerators with analog amplifiers. Additional performance calculations are then made on a 3000-mile microwave system, including the effect of simultaneous Rayleigh fading.
Placenta-derived extracellular vesicles: their cargo and possible functions (2015)

The literature on extracellular vesicles consists of rapidly expanding and often contradictory information. In this paper we attempt to review what is currently known regarding extracellular vesicles released specifically from human placental syncytiotrophoblast cells with a focus on the common but complex pregnancy-associated syndrome pre-eclampsia, where the level of syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicle release is significantly increased. We review common methods for syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicle derivation and isolation and we discuss the cargo of syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles including proteins, RNA and lipids and their possible functions. A meta-analysis of available trophoblast-derived extracellular vesicle proteomic datasets revealed only three proteins in common: albumin, fibronectin-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, suggesting some variability in vesicle cargo, most likely reflecting stage and cell type of origin. We discuss the possible sources of variability that may have led to the low number of common markers, which has led us to speculate that markers and density in common use may not be strict criteria for identifying and isolating placenta-derived exosomes.
Maximum entropy segmentation of broadcast news (2006)

The paper presents an automatic system for structuring and preparing a news broadcast for applications such as speech summarization, browsing, archiving and information retrieval. This process comprises transcribing the audio using an automatic speech recognizer and subsequently segmenting the text into utterances and topics. A maximum entropy approach is used to build statistical models for both utterance and topic segmentation. The experimental work addresses the effect on performance of the topic boundary detector of three factors - the types of feature used, the quality of the ASR transcripts, and the quality of the utterance boundary detector. The results show that the topic segmentation is not affected severely by transcript errors, whereas errors in utterance segmentation are more devastating.
Lossless Conversion of a Plane Laser Wave to a Plane Wave of Uniform Irradiance (1965)

Interest has recently been shown in methods of converting the plane wave from a laser in the uniphase TEM0,0 mode to a plane wave having (a) uniform irradiance over a required cross section, and (b) all the power of the original beam. Two methods are proposed for accomplishing these aims: one employs two plano-aspheric lenses; the other requires a pair of selectively aberrated lens systems. A computer program has been written which determines the aspherics, and one example is presented. The aberrations required of the second method are expressed algebraically in terms of known quantities. These aberrations could conceivably be designed into a system of spherical lenses, by use of one of the automatic lens design programs now extant.
Thrombin and melittin activate phospholipase C in human HaCaT keratinocytes (1996)

Following the activation of specific receptors, phospholipase C has been shown to cleave the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate into the 2nd messengers inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. Both 2nd messengers contribute to the regulation of cellular proliferation. The receptor for bradykinin is coupled to this pathway in keratinocytes, but knowledge about other activators of phospholipase C is limited. Additional mediators and agents were therefore examined regarding their ability to activate phospholipase C in HaCaT keratinocytes. Analysis for 3H-inositol phosphates was performed by anion-exchange HPLC. Thrombin and melittin induced a time- and dose-dependent release of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Several other mediators examined such as angiotension II, neurotensin, C3a, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide, phenylephrin, and prostaglandin E2, did not induce the formation of inositol phosphates. In view of the mitogenic activity and the increased formation of thrombin after tissue injury, the coupling of the thrombin receptor to phospholipase C in HaCaT keratinocytes suggests a role of this protease in epidermal wound healing.
Analysis and Prediction of Urban Traffic Congestion Based on Big Data (2018)

With the rapid development of big data technology, its application has become more and more extensive. The application of big data technology in intelligent transportation systems is the best way to solve traffic congestion in big cities. The paper analyses in detail the main causes of traffic congestion in big cities and the classification and evaluation of traffic congestion. Utilizing the Internet of Things and modern communication technologies, large-scale traffic data and related data based on GPS are acquired, and data analysis is carried out to construct a traffic prediction vehicle prediction model. The forecasting model is used to predict the traffic flow in each direction of traffic intersections at a certain time, predict the possibility of congestion at a certain time at a certain intersection, the traffic flow and congestion probability of a certain section at a certain time, and the travel trajectory and travel habit forecast of pedestrians. At the same time, consider the impact of non-motorized vehicles and pedestrians on traffic congestion. Use forecasting results and real-time traffic information monitoring to solve traffic congestion problems. Combined with traffic control and optimization strategy control for traffic collaborative management, it provides valuable reference for decision-making in metropolitan traffic congestion solutions.
Improved Survival Among HIV-Infected Individuals Following Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy (1998)

The HIV-infected individuals who received initial therapy with regimens including stavudine or lamivudine had significantly lower mortality and longer AIDS-free survival than those who received initial therapy with regimens limited to zidovudine, didanosine, and zalcitabine.
Estimation of genetic parameters for growth and carcass traits for Korean native cattle (1998)

Estimates of variance components and genetic parameters for weight traits such as birth (BW), weaning (WW), and six month weights (W6), postweaning traits such as yearling (YWT), eighteen month (WT18), and slaughter weights (SWT), and carcass traits such as marbling score (MS), dressing percentage (DP), and ribeye area (REA) were estimated for Korean Native Cattle which is called Hanwoo. Data from 1974 through 1995 were obtained from the National Livestock Research Institute in Rural Development Administration of Korea. Estimates of genetic parameters were obtained with REML using animal models. Estimates of direct and maternal heritabilities were .09 and .04 for BW, .03 and .05 for WW, .02, and .07 for W6, respectively. The direct-maternal genetic correlations for BW, WW, and W6 were positive. Estimates of direct genetic correlations between BW and WW, BW and W6, and WW and W6 were large: .52, .45, and .90, respectively. Genetic correlations (.69, .74, and .97) were moderately positive for maternal effects of BW with WW and W6, and extreme for WW with W6. Grandmaternal effects do not seem to be important for preweaning traits. Estimates of variance components were the same for models including or not including grandmaternal effects as the estimate of variance due to grandmaternal effects was zero for all traits. Estimates of direct heritability for YWT, WT18, and SWT were .14, .11, and .17, respectively. Estimates of maternal heritability for YWT was .04. The direct-maternal genetic correlation for YWT was strongly negative (−.81). Estimates of direct genetic correlations between YWT and WT18, YWT and SWT, and WT18 and SWT were large: 1.00, .87, and .97, respectively. Maternal effects seemed to be important for yearling weight and sire x region x year-season (SRYS) interaction effects may be important for postweaning traits. Estimates of heritability for MS, DP, and REA with covariates to adjust for backfat thickness (BT), slaughter day (SD), and slaughter weight (SW) were .07, .05, and .02 for MS, .06, .07, and .22 for DP, and .11, .11, and .21 for REA, respectively. Estimates of direct genetic correlations with BT as covariate between MS and DP, and DP and REA were −.95, and .30, respectively. Estimates of direct genetic correlations with SD as covariate between MS and DP, and MS and REA were −.93, and .31, respectively. Estimates of direct genetic correlations with SW as covariate between MS and REA, and DP and REA were .48, and .89, respectively. Choice of covariates (BT, SD, or SW) for the model seems to be important for carcass traits for Korean Native Cattle. Including maternal and SRYS interaction effects in the model for genetic analysis of dressing percentage and ribeye area may be important because SYRY interaction effects seem to be confounded with variance components.
Identification of an Ubiquitin‐Ligation System for the Epidermal‐Growth‐Factor Receptor (1997)

Some receptor tyrosine kinases such as the receptors for epidermal-growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor undergo polyubiquitination as a consequence of ligand binding. The EGF receptor is also ubiquitinated by treatment with herbimycin A, an ansamycin antibiotic widely used as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. To investigate the mechanism of the receptor ubiquitination, we have established an assay system in which herbimycin-A-induced ubiquitination processes can be analyzed in vitro. We now show that herbimycin A treatment of the purified EGF receptor induces polyubiquitination of the receptor in rabbit-reticulocyte lysate. Both DEAE unadsorbed material (fraction I) and high salt eluate (fraction II) of the reticulocyte lysate are involved cooperatively in the ubiquitination process, where the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC4 can functionally substitute for fraction I. A ubiquitin-protein ligase-like activity, partially purified from fraction II by DEAE anion-exchange chromatography, also functions in concert with UBC4. The precise mechanism of herbimycin A-induced ubiquitination of the EGF receptor is not fully understood, however, our present findings suggest that direct interaction with herbimycin A results in some modification of the receptor which is recognized by the ubiquitin-conjugating system in rabbit-reticulocyte lysate.
A history of the Irish novel, 1665–2010 (2011)

While some literary critics have traced the origins of the novel back to ancient Greece, the modern novel as an access to the narratives of bourgeois modernity emerged into Western culture in the late seventeenth century. The struggle of the bourgeois towards definition and the striving to articulate its character is central to the novel and the stories it tells. Its novelty is found in a formlessness that nonetheless aspires to some idea of order and unity. Indeed, the energies of the early modern novel form can be discerned in its constant assertion of narratives that enact that search for completeness while also allowing for a kind of mourning for the security that older, traditional forms and stories allowed. Thus, novelists, then as now, revel in the possibilities that formal innovation permits, while their characters find themselves forced to acknowledge the newness of their world and their experiences in that world. The novel's link to news, as something immediate and pertinent, is obvious as it self-consciously craves to be the chronicler of the here and now, each novel trying to encapsulate the urgency of being indispensably relevant. And yet, as Franco Moretti argues, while traditionally tied to the codification of bourgeois values, the novel is actually a means for the pre-modern imagination to continue to inhabit the modern capitalist world.
Quantification of collagen fiber organization using three-dimensional Fourier transform-second-harmonic generation imaging (2012)

We present three-dimensional Fourier transform-second-harmonic generation (3D FT-SHG) imaging, a generalization of the previously reported two-dimensional FT-SHG, to quantify collagen fiber organization from 3D image stacks of biological tissues. The current implementation calculates 3D preferred orientation of a region of interest, and classifies regions of interest based on orientation anisotropy and average voxel intensity. Presented are some example applications of the technique which reveal the layered structure of collagen fibers in porcine sclera, and estimates the cut angle of porcine tendon tissues. This technique shows promising potential for studying biological tissues that contain fibrillar structures in 3D.
FOOT CLEARANCE DURING WALKING OF OLDER ADULTS IN THE COMMUNITY (1998)

It has been suggested that the experience of falls by older adults is closely related to their decreased foot clearance during walking. The aging effect on foot clearance, however, is inconsistent in previous studies, probably because they used few subjects and a laboratory setting. In this study, we examined the relationship between foot clearance and aging for older adults participating in the TMIG-LISA (Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Longitudinal Interdisciplinary Study on Aging). The participants were 628 older adults (65 to 91 years old) living in Nangai Village located in northern Japan. The participants were classified by sex and in four age groups (aged 65 to 69 years, 70 to 74 years, 75 to 79 years, and above 80 years). They walked on an 11-meter straight walkway at their own preferred speed. The coordinates of markers attached to participants' toes and heels were measured by the Vicon-370 system (Oxford Metrics, Oxford, England) during 5 meters toward the middle of the walkway. The sampling frequency was 60 Hz. Foot clearance was defined as the lowest height of the toe trajectory during the swing phase. The foot clearance was normalized by height. The mean value of foot clearance was 16.3mm (SD: 8.9mm) for males and 13.5mm (SD: 8.4mm) for females. The normalized foot clearance mean was 0.103 (SD: 0.06) for males and 0.093 (SD: 0.06) for females. A two-way analysis of variance (sex*age group) showed that the normalized foot clearance was not significantly different between the age groups and sexes. This result suggests that further investigations are needed to elucidate the functional relevance of foot clearance of the elderly.
Human Skin Collagenase. The Role of Serum Alpha-Globulins in the Control of Activity <i>In Vivo</i> and <i>In Vitro</i> (1971)

An antibody against human skin collagenase obtained from tissue culture has been used to demonstrate the presence of immunoreactive collagenase in human skin extracts that have no detectable enzyme activity. Gel filtration of these skin extracts permits the separation of collagenase in its active form from the other proteins in the crude mixture. The recovery of enzymatically active collagenase appears to be due to the chromatographic separation of the enzyme from the serum antiproteases, alpha(1)-antitrypsin and alpha(2)-macroglobulin, suggesting that collagenase activity in fresh tissue extracts is masked by these known collagenase inhibitors. These findings are supported by in vitro studies untilizing human skin explants in tissue culture. The demonstration of collagenase in vivo in human skin indicates that the enzyme is present at concentrations that are of physiologic significance in collagen remodeling. Evidence is also presented that these findings are not unique to human skin.
Shadow bands seen when typing polymorphic dinucleotide repeats: some causes and cures. (1993)

Polymorphic dinucleotide repeats are generally typed by using the PCR to generate products that are resolved on denaturing acrylamide gels. The presence of "shadow bands" on these gels often makes it difficult to score alleles reliably. We have developed procedures that overcome many of these difficulties. Important aspects of these improved procedures include using gels containing formamide as well as urea, transferring the resolved allelic fragments to nylon membranes by capillary blotting and probing the membranes with locus-specific oligonucleotide probes.
Transgenic human C-reactive protein is not proatherogenic in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (2005)

The association between circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and future atherothrombotic events has provoked speculation about a possible pathogenetic role of CRP. However, we show here that transgenic expression of human CRP had no effect on development, progression, or severity of spontaneous atherosclerosis, or on morbidity or mortality, in male apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient C57BL/6 mice up to 56 weeks, despite deposition of human CRP and mouse complement component 3 in the plaques. Although female apoE knockouts develop atherosclerosis more rapidly than males, the human CRP transgene is under sex hormone control and is expressed at human levels only in males. We therefore studied only male mice. The concentration of mouse serum amyloid P component, an extremely sensitive systemic marker of inflammation, remained normal throughout except for transient spikes in response to fighting in a few animals, indicating that atherogenesis in this model is not associated with an acute-phase response. However, among human CRP transgenic mice, the circulating CRP concentration was higher in apoE knockouts than in wild-type controls. The higher CRP values were associated with substantially lower estradiol concentrations in the apoE-deficient animals. Human CRP transgene expression is thus up-regulated in apoE-deficient mice, apparently reflecting altered estrogen levels, despite the absence of other systemic signs of inflammation. Extrapolation to human pathology from this xenogeneic combination of human CRP with apoE deficiency-mediated mouse atherosclerosis must be guarded. Nevertheless, the present results do not suggest that human CRP is either proatherogenic or atheroprotective in vivo.
The Coefficient of Friction Between Sea Ice and Various Materials Used in Offshore Structures (1986)

When structures having inclined surfaces, such as cone-type and inclined-pile structures, are constructed in coastal and offshore cold regions, sea ice forces must be considered in their design. In order to estimate these forces, the relationships of the coefficients of static and kinetic friction between sea ice and construction materials must be evaluated. The authors have been conducting, for four years, experiments on the coefficients of friction between sea ice and various commonly used offshore construction materials such as concrete and steel. This paper summarizes the results of this study. The coefficients of friction have been found to be affected by the following: (i) relative velocity (i.e., velocity of construction material relative to sea ice); (ii) sea ice temperature; and (iii) surface roughness of construction material. They have been found to be relatively unaffected by the following: (i) contact area, (ii) normal stress, (iii) growth direction of sea ice, and (iv) water at the sea ice-material interface.
MEDIN Implant of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint (2012)

Our anatomical study of the first MTP joint, proximal phalanx of the great toe and first metatarsal bone was used to design the first Czech implant of this joint.