gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time Doppler Spectrum Analysis (1982)

A prospective study compared the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of indirect periorbital Doppler screening and direct carotid Doppler interrogation using real-time sound spectrum analysis to detect operable extracranial carotid occlusive disease. The results of noninvasive studies were compared with independently assessed contrast arteriograms of carotid arteries of patients studied for symptomatic cerebrovascular disease. Periorbital Doppler ultrasound was insensitive to carotid stenosis of less than 75% and did not distinguish operable stenosis from inoperable occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Carotid Doppler spectrum analysis was sensitive to 98% of hemodynamically significant disease and correctly discriminated 77% of carotid occlusions, 96% of stenoses larger than 50%, and 70% of stenoses of less than 50%. The predictive value for direct carotid interrogation in identifying carotid occlusion or operable stenosis was 94% and 86%, respectively. Real-time spectrum analysis of direct carotid Doppler signals substantially improves the diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive identification of operable carotid artery disease.
Alternative electrolyte compositions for aluminium electrolysis (2005)

AbstractAbstractThe traditional electrolyte for aluminium electrolysis is based on molten cryolite (Na3AlF6), acting as solvent for the raw material, alumina (Al2O3). Over the years, there has been a trend to increase the content of excess aluminium fluoride (AlF3) to the cryolite-based electrolyte in order to enhance the current efficiency of the process. In most cases, one has ended up at 11–13 wt% excess AlF3 because higher contents make it difficult to control the heat balance of the process. This problem may be overcome if sensors are developed that will allow online control of electrolyte temperature and composition, and we may then see a surge towards still higher AlF3 contents. In the development of new anode materials to replace the carbon anode with inert, oxygen-evolving anodes, focus is on anode corrosion, and a low electrolyte temperature is then highly desirable. While the conventional process operates at around 960°C, electrolyte temperatures as low as 750°C are being tested. This is achieved by having large excess contents of AlF3 (40 wt%). The consequences of using such electrolyte compositions are discussed.
A 15-ns 8-kbit junction-shorting registered PROM (1986)

An 8-kb junction-shorting registered PROM which has a fast clock access time of 15 ns and a fast address setup time of 20 ns has been developed. Field programmable junction-shorting memory cells were used for both PROM data of 1024 words/spl times/8 bits. The device is housed in a 300-mil-width DIP package. The power dissipation is 650 mW.
Trajectory Control of a Flexible Manipulator with a Prismatic Joint (1992)

The tracking control problem of a flexible manipulator with a prismatic joint along a given path is discussed. The nondimensionalization of the elastic part of the manipulator makes it possible to model such a flexible manipulator. For a discontinuous velocity trajectory, an optimal control theory has been applied to formulate the problem. The optimal scheme is given to find the input commands(e.g., joint torques) necessary to produce a specified end effector motion. Simulated results show the potential use of this scheme for a discontinuous velocity trajectory control.
Development of an integrated thermal biosensor for the simultaneous determination of multiple analytes (1995)

A flow injection thermal microbiosensor was designed for the simultaneous determination of multiple analytes. The biosensor consisted of five thin-film thermistors which were located along a single microchannel. The device was fabricated on a quartz chip by micromachining. The feasibility of employing this system for the detection of two independent enzyme reactions was demonstrated using two different pairs of enzymes, urease–penicillinase and urease–glucose oxidase. The enzymes were immobilized on agarose beads, which were then sequentially packed into distinct regions of the microchannel. Using this method, samples containing urea mixed with penicillin V or with glucose were simultaneously analysed. Linear ranges of up to 20 mmol l–1 urea, 40 mmol l–1 penicillin V and 8 mmol l–1 glucose (saturated with O2) were obtained using a flow rate of 30 µl min–1 and a sample volume of 20 µl. The relative standard deviations for urea and penicillin V assays were 1.13 and 2.42% for the first 100 samples and 1.17 and 2.78% for 200 samples, respectively. The sensor is capable of analysing 25 samples per hour.
Ferroelectric bimorph cantilever with self-assembled silane layer (2008)

Bimorph ferroelectric microcantilevers are fabricated at the locations of the interdomain walls of inversely poled lithium niobate. The cantilevers are excited via the piezoelectric effect using a rf voltage and the natural vibrations are observed via optical detection. The self-assembling layers of two different silanes are chemically deposited on the microcantilevers. The presence of the silane layers is detected by two independent methods: optical detection of a low frequency shift of cantilever natural vibrations and the analysis of Raman spectral lines from the Silane layers. Possible applications include smart biosensors in real time domains.
Spectroscopy with Polarized Light: Solute Alignment by Photoselection in Liquid Crystals, Polymers and Membranes (1987)

Introduction and theoretical background transition moments techniques of alignment and measurement quantitative aspects of uniaxial alignment processes of rank two processes reducible to rank two processes of rank four examples of applications appendix 1 - molecular symmetry and elemental group theory appendix 2 - Cartesian tensors and polarized intensities appendix 3 - Mueller-Stokes formulation for description of the interaction between polarized light and anisotropic samples subject index compound index.
Molecular spintronics: spin-dependent electron transport in molecular wires (2001)

We present a theoretical study of spin-dependent transport through molecular wires bridging ferromagnetic metal nanocontacts. We extend to magnetic systems a recently proposed model that provides a quantitative explanation of the conductance measurements of Reed et al. [Science 278 (1997) 252] on Au break-junctions bridged by self-assembled molecular monolayers (SAMs) of 1,4-benzene–dithiolate (BDT) molecules. Based on our calculations, we predict that spin-valve behavior should be observable in nickel break-junctions bridged by SAMs formed from BDT. We also consider spin transport in systems consisting of a clean ferromagnetic nickel STM tip and SAMs of benzene–thiol molecules on gold and nickel substrates. We find that spin-valve behavior should be possible for the Ni substrate. For the case where the substrate is gold, we show that it should be possible to inject a highly spin-polarized current into the substrate. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 1.
Reducing address bus transition for low power memory mapping (2002)

We present low power techniques for mapping arrays in behavioral specifications to physical memory, specifically for memory intensive behaviors that exhibit regularity in their memory access patterns. Our approach exploits this regularity in memory accesses by reducing the number of transitions on the memory address bus. We study the impact of different strategies for mapping arrays in behaviors to physical memory, on power dissipation during memory accesses. We describe a heuristic for selecting a memory mapping strategy to achieve low power, and present an evaluation of the architecture that implements the mapping techniques to study the transition count overhead. Experiments on several image processing benchmarks indicate power savings of upto 63% through reduced transition activity on the memory address bus.
<i>v</i>‐Triazolines, XXVIII. Reactions of 1‐Aryl‐4,5‐dihydro‐4‐methylene‐5‐morpholino‐<i>v</i>‐triazoles with 2,4‐Diaryl‐5(4<i>H</i>)‐oxazolones (1987)

Abstract The 5(4 H )‐oxazolones 1a–d with an electron‐rich aryl substituent on C‐2 react with 4,5‐dihydro‐ v ‐triazoles 2a–c to afford the 4‐[(4‐triazolyl)methyl]‐5(4 H )‐oxazolones 3a–i as main reaction products and 2,5‐diaryl‐3‐pyrrolecarbaldehydes 4a–d and glycine diamides 5a–d as secondary reaction products. The 5(4 H )‐oxazolones 1e–h bearing an electron‐withdrawing substituent on the aryl group on C‐2 react with the 4,5‐dihydro‐ v ‐triazoles 2c–e affording the 2‐[(4‐triazolyl)methyl]‐5(2 H ‐oxazolones 7a–e as main reaction products. Compounds 3 and 7 are produced by nucleophilic attack of the anion of 1 at the exo methylene carbon. Aldehydes 4 are formed through rearrangement of an unstable cycloaddition product from 1 and 2 .
A Parallel Processing Approach for Logic Module Placement (1983)

A parallel processing algorithm for logic module placement is presented. Conventionally, such placement problems have been solved on a single processor in a sequential manner. In this paper, it is shown that a two-dimensional processor array structure can be applied to the placement problem, resulting in a substantial reduction of the processing time. This parallel processing algorithm is based on the concept that the adjacent pairwise exchange method could be expanded to the parallel processing case. By using simulation programs, it is shown that the placement results obtained by the parallel processing algorithm are a little better than those obtained by the sequential algorithm. In addition, the theoretical estimations in respect to the processing cycle iterations correspond well with the simulation results.
Genetic Mapping and Characteristics of Genes Specifically or Preferentially Expressed during Fiber Development in Cotton (2013)

Cotton fiber is an ideal model to study cell elongation and cell wall construction in plants. During fiber development, some genes and proteins have been reported to be specifically or preferentially expressed. Mapping of them will reveal the genomic distribution of these genes, and will facilitate selection in cotton breeding. Based on previous reports, we designed 331 gene primers and 164 protein primers, and used single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) to map and integrate them into our interspecific BC(1) linkage map. This resulted in the mapping of 57 loci representing 51 genes or proteins on 22 chromosomes. For those three markers which were tightly linked with quantitative trait loci (QTLs), the QTL functions obtained in this study and gene functions reported in previous reports were consistent. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of 52 polymorphic functional primers showed that 21 gene primers and 17 protein primers had differential expression between Emian22 (Gossypium hirsutum) and 3-79 (G. barbadense). Both RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses of the three markers tightly linked with QTLs were consistent with QTL analysis and field experiments. Gene Ontology (GO) categorization revealed that almost all 51 mapped genes belonged to multiple categories that contribute to fiber development, indicating that fiber development is a complex process regulated by various genes. These 51 genes were all specifically or preferentially expressed during fiber cell elongation and secondary wall biosynthesis. Therefore, these functional gene-related markers would be beneficial for the genetic improvement of cotton fiber length and strength.
[Comparative study of the acceptability of a new estradiol Tx 11323 (A) gel and a transdermal matrix system]. (1997)

this study shows a better acceptability of the estradiol gel TX 11323 (A) compared to that of the transdermal matrix system studied.
Molecular Cloning of a Tissue-Specific Protein Kinase (C<sub>γ</sub>) from Human Testis—Representing a Third Isoform for the Catalytic Subunit of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase (1990)

Two different mammalian genes for the catalytic subunit (C) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase have previously been characterized (C alpha, C beta). In the present study, we report the molecular cloning of a third isoform of C, from a human testis cDNA library, as well as the isolation of human cDNAs for C alpha and C beta. This third form of C, which we will designate C gamma, is clearly derived from a distinct gene and shows a tissue-specific expression. A close evolutionary relation between C gamma and C alpha was suggested by nucleotide homologies (86% inside the open reading frame, 81% in the 3'-untranslated region). Thus, the C gamma cDNA cross-hybridized with the 2.8 kilobase (kb) C alpha mRNA, present at high levels in most human tissues, as well as with a 1.8 kb C gamma-specific mRNA, which was only found at detectable levels in human testis. However, at the amino acid level, C alpha and C beta showed a close relationship (93% homology), whereas C gamma diverged significantly from both C alpha (83%) and C beta (79%). Taken together with the tissue-specific expression of C gamma, this suggests a pressure on C gamma during evolution, acting to modulate it in a functionally specific way. Certain amino acid substitutions make C gamma a distinct member of the cAMP-dependent subfamily of protein kinases, and suggest that C gamma may be distinct in its protein substrate specificity or its interaction with the different regulatory subunits.
Requirement of the epidermal growth factor receptor in renal epithelial cell proliferation and migration (2004)

We showed that renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) can proliferate and migrate following plating and oxidant or mechanical injury in the absence of exogenous growth factors; however, the mechanisms of this response remain unclear. We examined whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is activated following plating and mechanical injury and mediates RPTC proliferation and migration. EGFR, Akt [a target of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)], and ERK1/2 were activated after plating and mechanical injury, and their phosphorylation was further enhanced by addition of exogenous EGF. Inactivation of the EGFR with the selective inhibitor AG-1478 completely blocked phosphorylation of EGFR, Akt, and ERK1/2 and blocked cell proliferation and migration after plating and injury. Inhibition of PI3K with LY-294002 blocked Akt phosphorylation and proliferation, whereas U-0126 blocked ERK1/2 phosphorylation but had no effect on proliferation. Furthermore, p38 was phosphorylated following mechanical injury and the p38 inhibitor SB-203580 blocked p38 phosphorylation and cell migration. In contrast, neither PI3K nor ERK1/2 inhibition blocked cell migration. These results show that EGFR activation is required for RPTC proliferation and migration and that proliferation is mediated by PI3K, whereas migration is mediated by p38.
Non-Palpable Invasive Breast Carcinomas from the Stockholm Screening Project (1989)

Sixty-six non-palpable, invasive mammary adenocarcinomas from the Stockholm mammography screening project were studied with respect to histopathology. In 53 of these tumors estrogen receptor (ER) content was estimated and in 30 of them also the DNA distribution pattern. The tumors were predominantly of low or intermediate histological malignancy grade and ER-rich, whereas the distribution of DNA ploidy equalled that found in a non-selected tumor material. Only 2 tumors recurred during follow-up (median 51 months), indicating that non-palpable breast carcinomas represent a prognostically favourable subset in spite of a relatively high proportion of aneuploid tumors.
Hologram indexing in LiNbO_3 with a tunable pulsed laser source (1979)

The angular and wavelength selectivity characteristics of holograms written with a tunable pulsed dye laser and a cw argon laser were measured. A hologram in a 0.05% weight iron doped crystal was shown to possess ~40% broader bandwidths than a hologram written in a nominally pure crystal of the same thickness. Analyses based on these bandwidths indicate a 430-500-mum effective hologram thickness in a 1-mm thick crystal, which is of the order of the absorption length (380 mum). The implications of these results with respect to optical memories are discussed.
On-chip coupled noise analysis of a high performance S/390 microprocessor (2002)

A methodology based on closed form expressions and 3D capacitance extraction is used to predict noise and timing impact due to line to line coupling. In this paper, details of the methodology described include the quantification of closed form expressions used for noise voltage prediction, assumptions made to factor in uncertainties of the coupling topology and the databases used to improve the accuracy of this approach. A sophisticated 3D capacitance extraction process is also discussed in some detail. Other issues such as the timing impact due to noise are also examined by including additional equations which relate the delay adjustment due to the total noise for each net with minimal timing margin. Finally, a statistical summary of the number of nets being analyzed at the chip level, with associated pertinent parameters such as coupling coefficients and coupled segment information is also shown. Other details as macro coupled noise analysis are discussed in context to the limitation of the global methodology described with recommendations for future work in this area. Such an approach uniquely relates complex issues of on-chip noise prediction with sophisticated database manipulation and sound engineering judgement to provide a comprehensive solution to the problem at hand.
Metalloprotease-dependent ErbB ligand shedding in mediating EGFR transactivation and vascular remodelling (2003)

AngII (angiotensin II) and its G-protein-coupled AT(1) receptor play critical roles in mediating cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and restenosis after vascular injury. It is widely believed that AngII promotes these diseases by inducing vascular remodelling that involves hypertrophy, hyperplasia and migration of VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells). We have shown that transactivation of an ErbB family receptor, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor; ErbB1), is essential for VSMC hypertrophy and migration induced by AngII. However, the precise signal transduction mechanism by which AngII transactivates EGFR/ErbB1 and whether other ErbBs are also required for AngII function remains unclear. Recent studies suggest an involvement of a metalloprotease-dependent ErbB family ligand production in the transactivation. Here, we will discuss the roles and mechanisms of AngII/AT(1) receptor in promoting ErbB receptors transactivation in VSMCs. Further elucidation of this ErbB activation machinery not only will give us a better understanding of the critical molecular mechanism underlying vascular remodelling stimulated by AngII, but will also contribute to development of novel treatment strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
Adenomyosis: Difficult to Diagnose, and Difficult to Treat (2000)

Drug therapy may be effective in controlling symptoms but the frequent coexistence of endometriosis and the lack of controlled studies make their efficacy difficult to quantify. Danazol IUD has been shown to reduce symptoms. Conservative surgery involving endomyometrial ablation, laparoscopic myometrial electrocoagulation or excision has proven to be effective in more than 50% of patients, although follow up has been restricted to three years. Arterial uterine artery embolization is a new technique which may be tried before considering hysterectomy. Hysterectomy may still be necessary in severe cases of adenomyosis.
Anticancer effects of sodium butyrate on hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro (2013)

In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of sodium butyrate (NaBu) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro. As a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, NaBu upregulated Ac-H3 and inhibited HDAC4 protein expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. MTT assays showed that treatment with NaBu at high concentrations significantly inhibited the growth of various HCC cells. Exposure to NaBu for 24 h induced cell cycle arrest in the SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells. NaBu also induced the apoptosis of SMMC‑7721 cells. The expression levels of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins were further investigated by western blot analysis using specific antibodies. The results provided a possible mechanism responsible for the inhibitory effects of NaBu on the growth of HCC cells. To further analyze the role of NaBu in cell migration, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed, indicating that NaBu significantly inhibits cell migration/invasion in HCC cells. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been associated with tumor cell migration and invasion. The EMT markers, E-cadherin, vimentin and N-cadherin, were regulated by TGF-β1, while NaBu inhibited this process in which HDAC4 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)7 may be involved. Based on our findings, we propose that NaBu may be useful as an anticancer drug for HCC therapy.
Logic programming with the World-Wide Web (1996)

Logic Web, an integration of structured logic programming and the World-Wide Web. We show how LogicWeb enables programmable behaviour and state to be incorporated into Web pages, allowing them to be viewed as modules or objects with state. LogicWeb renders a Web page as a live information entity, able to determine its own response to user queries, and modify the behaviour of hyperlinks.
Optimization of ferroelectric liquid crystal optically addressed spatial light modulator performance (1997)

The switching mechanisms of ferroelectric liquid crystal optically addressed spatial light modulators (OASLMs) using a photosensitive structure made of an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer sandwiched in between an indium tin oxide coated glass sheet and a reflective metal layer are reviewed. Devices based on photoconductor and photodiode layers are briefly reviewed and attention is focused on pixelated metal mirror (PMM) devices, which offer fast switching and good optical characteristics with the same sensitivity range as the photodiode OASLMs. They are particularly suitable for high frame rate SLMs with intense read beams. Optimum drive conditions for this type of device are considered. An equivalent electrical circuit is proposed for the photosensitive structure and the voltage drop across the liquid crystal layer is investigated and related to the optical response of the device. Experimental work is carried out to demonstrate the validity of our equivalent circuit. We show that the synchronization of a light source with the case pulse enables the OASLM to work at frame rates of a few kilohertz. We also demonstrate that the exact synchronization of the write light source with the write pulse enhances the potential memory of the device.