gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZATION OF CHRONIC RENAL ALLOGRAFT DYSFUNCTION BY HUMAN SERUM PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS (2008)

Gao, Y; Wu, K; Xu, Y; Zhou, H; Zhang, W; Chen, Z C.; Lin, X; He, W; Wang, F; Fang, Z Author Information
Internalization and recycling of activated thrombin receptors (1993)

Shortly after activation by either thrombin or the tethered ligand domain peptide SFLLRN, thrombin receptors undergo homologous desensitization, temporarily losing their ability to respond to both agonists. We have examined the role of receptor internalization and recycling in this process using receptor-directed antibodies as probes. The results show within 1 min of activation > 85% of the approximately 200,000 thrombin receptors on megakaryoblastic human erythroleukemia (HEL) and CHRF-288 cells are sequestered into endosomes via coated pits, after which the majority are transferred to lysosomes. This process does not require proteolysis of the receptor and occurs with sufficient speed to play a major role in the regulation of thrombin receptor function. Although most of the internalized receptors are ultimately degraded, approximately 25% return to the cell surface. These recycled receptors are in a state in which they can respond to SFLLRN but not thrombin; nor do they self-activate despite the apparent continued presence of the tethered ligand. In contrast to other G protein-coupled receptors, which are internalized and then recycled in an activatable state, recovery of the thrombin response occurs only after the expression on the cell surface of adequate numbers of newly synthesized receptors.
Contact printing for improved bond-strength of patterned adhesive full-wafer bonded 0-level packages (2004)

This paper reports on a novel technology using Benzocyclobutene (BCB) contact printing to significantly improve the bond strength of a full-wafer adhesive bond with patterned BCB structures. The BCB pattern on the first wafer acts as a stamp which is 'inked' by an auxiliary wafer containing a thin layer of uncured BCB. The wafer with the 'inked' stamp is then bonded to the second wafer. Tensile strength test are carried out on patterned adhesive bonded samples with and without the contact printing method. The tests show that the contact printing technique makes the bond strength of patterned BCB stronger by a factor of at least 2.3, and the bond strength even exceeds the adhesion forces of the BCB spun onto the substrate. Furthermore, this paper presents a way of how this technique is used for 0-level glass-lid packaging by full-wafer adhesive bonding. Here, the encapsulating lids are separated after the bonding by dicing the top wafer independently of the bottom wafer.
Effect of Particle Size on Drug Loading and Release Kinetics of Gefitinib-Loaded PLGA Microspheres (2016)

Polymeric microspheres have gained widespread application as drug eluting depots. Typically, drug-loaded polymeric microspheres are prepared by oil-in-water emulsification which yields a product with a broad size distribution. The aim of the present study was to investigate the properties of different size-fractions of drug-loaded microspheres, in order to delineate whether particle size governs drug loading efficiency and release profile. Gefitinib-loaded PLGA-based microspheres were prepared using an oil-in-water solvent evaporation method and wet-sieved to obtain well-defined size fractions of 5 ± 1, 32 ± 4, 70 ± 3, and 130 ± 7 μm, respectively. The average drug loading of unfractionated microspheres was 6.3 ± 0.4% w/w, while drug loading of sieved fractions ranged from 2.4 ± 0.3 to 7.6 ± 0.9% w/w for smallest to largest microparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis demonstrated that gefitinib was amorphously dispersed in the PLGA matrix, with no apparent shift in the T<sub>g</sub> of PLGA indicating the absence of direct molecular interactions of the drug and polymer due to the formation of small drug particles embedded in PLGA. In vitro drug release was studied with microspheres embedded in dextran hydrogels to avoid their aggregation during the incubation conditions. Microspheres smaller than 50 μm showed rapid diffusion-based release reaching completion within 2 days when particles have not degraded yet. Larger microspheres, however, showed a sigmoidal release pattern that continued for three months in which diffusion (early stage) as well as particle erosion (later stage) governed drug release. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polymer degradation data showed that larger microspheres degraded faster than smaller ones, which is in line with autocatalytic PLGA degradation upon acidification within the core of microparticles. In conclusion, we showed that different size-fractions of drug-loaded microspheres showed quite distinct drug loading and release kinetics. Control of microparticle size by fractionation is therefore an important determinant for obtaining well-defined and reproducible sustained release depots.
A time-domain implementation of data-independent robust broadband beamformers with lowfilter order (2011)

Broadband data-independent beamforming designs aiming at constant beamwidth lead to superdirective beamformers for low frequencies, if the array size is small relative to the wavelengths. Constraints on delay and complexity often render beamformers with low filter order desirable. Direct control of the robustness of these beamformers is required if they are to be applied successfully in practice. Here, we present a method where beamformers with low filter order are obtained directly from solving a constrained optimization problem which guarantees a distortionless response in the desired look direction and meets the user-defined robustness constraints. The effectiveness of this method in controlling the robustness and providing good spatial selectivity is shown by design examples.
체육철학(體育哲學)에 있어서 실재론(實在論)에 대한 고찰(考察) (1991)

The philosophy of realism has been discussed through a presentation of the views of a limited number of philosophers. These are representative of many others who lived m the various periods of history during which realism developed ancient, early modern, and modern. Realism developed not only as a protest to Idealism but as a result of many cultural. political, economic and ideological changes which took place ; these, m turn, affected the nature of thinking and created new ideas Many of these new Ideas were applied to education by philosophers who were identified according to their beliefs as humanistic realists, social realists and sense realists. The humanistic realists were found to be more concerned about useful and meaningful education and the realities of life than they were about reading the classics m order to study the form and style The social realists placed still more emphasis upon a useful, happy and efficient life, particularly as it was applied to the sons of gentlemen, the higher class of people The sense realists pulled farther away from the older knowledge obtained from the classics, and relied more upon the basic sciences and the employment of sense perception for their source of knowledge Many of these philosophers had Ideas on physical education. In general, the humanistic realists and the social realists thought that the whold man should be developed-physically, mentally and morally; the former more for the art of war, the latter morer for the preparation of life in society. Neither group recogruzed a social or recreational objective of physical education The sense realists were seen to be more deeply concerned with education through the senses , thus, the body and its care was brought into focus. Physical exercise, play and recreation were considered a valuable part of education. The center of attention was directed toward the child and less attention was paid to the content of subject matter
Fluid compartments in hemorrhaged rats after hyperosmotic crystalloid and hyperoncotic colloid resuscitation (1996)

Postresuscitation organ failure may be associated with detrimental changes in body fluid compartments. We measured how shock and resuscitation acutely alters the interstitial, cellular, and plasma compartments in different organs. Nephrectomized, anesthetized rats were bled to 50 mmHg mean arterial pressure for 1 h, followed by 60 min of resuscitation to restore blood pressure using 0.9% normal saline (NS,n = 10), 7.5% hypertonic saline (HS,n = 8), 10% hyperoncotic albumin (HA, n = 8), or 7.5% hypertonic saline and 10% hyperoncotic albumin (HSA, n = 7). A 2-h 51Cr-EDTA distribution space estimated extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), and a 5-min 125I-labeled albumin distribution space measured plasma volume (PV). Total tissue water (TW) was measured from wet and dry weights; interstitial fluid volume (ISFV) and cell water were calculated. NS resuscitation required 7 times more fluid (50.9 +/- 7.7 vs. 8.6 +/- 0.7 for HA, 5.9 +/- 0.4 for HS, and 3.9 +/- 0.5 ml/kg for HSA), but there were no differences between solutions in whole animal PV, ECFV, or ISFV. Fluid shifts within tissues depended on resuscitation solution and type of tissue. TW was significantly reduced by hypertonic saline groups in heart, muscle, and liver (P < 0.05). ISFV was significantly reduced by HA groups in the skin. In all tissues, mean cell water in groups receiving HS was smaller; this was significant for heart, lung, muscle, and skin. In conclusion, 1) HS solutions mobilize fluid from cells while expanding both PV and ISFV, and 2) TW and cellular water increase with both isotonic crystalloids and hyperoncotic colloids in many tissues.
Characterizing a stable methane-utilizing mixed culture used in the synthesis of a high-quality biopolymer in an open system (2006)

Avoiding the necessity of sterile conditions, as demonstrated in this paper, is an important step towards the development of a viable large-scale process for the production of PHB using cheap substrates like methane from natural or renewable sources. This is the first report characterizing a bacterial mixed culture being used for the biotechnological production of a high-value product in an open system.
Outcomes of bisphosphonate therapy in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis (2016)

Mineral and bone disorders that precede kidney transplantation are exacerbated in the post-transplant setting by tertiary hyperparathyroidism and immunosuppressive regimens. Bone mineral density (BMD) decreases following transplantation, leading to increased fracture risk. The effect of bisphosphonates on fracture is unknown. The aim of this study was to update estimates of change in BMD and fracture rates in bisphosphonate-treated kidney transplant recipients through meta-analysis. Studies comparing bisphosphonate therapy to standard of care were included if follow-up duration was more than 6 months. We performed random-effects meta-analysis to determine the effect of bisphosphonates on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD and fracture rates. Bisphosphonates improved femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD compared with controls (0.055 g/cm(2) , 95% CI 0.012-0.099 and 0.053 g/cm(2) , 95% CI 0.032-0.074, respectively) without adversely affecting serum creatinine or calcium. This corresponded to an unweighted improvement in BMD of 6.0% and 7.4%, respectively. There was no difference in fracture incidence in the two groups. Bisphosphonate therapy in kidney transplant recipients is associated with a statistically significant improvement in BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. There was no difference in fracture incidence. Bisphosphonates did not adversely affect allograft dysfunction or serum calcium levels.
10.2: Crosstalk Suppression by Image Processing in 3D Display (2010)

Abstract We proposed a Digital Crosstalk Reduction DCR method to suppress optical crosstalk in 3D display without using any extra hardware components. Furthermore, DCR method can be applied to most of the 3D display technologies. In this paper, a 17inch pattern retarder stereoscopic display and a 12views autostereoscopic display were verified to yield less crosstalk by applying DCR method.
Human Variation in Overriding Attentional Capture (2009)

Attention can be directed either voluntarily based on the goals of the individual or involuntarily "captured" by salient stimuli in the immediate environment. Although involuntary capture is a critical means of directing attention, the completion of many common tasks requires our ability to ignore salient, but otherwise irrelevant stimuli while restricting our attention to stimuli that are related to our goals. Here, we report neurophysiological measures of spatial attention in humans that gauge an individual's ability to resist attentional capture from salient but irrelevant information. By measuring the rapid reallocation of spatial attention immediately after the onset of distractors, we observe that the ability to override attentional capture varies substantially across individuals and is strongly predicted by the specific working memory capacity of each person. High-capacity individuals were much more capable of resisting attentional capture than low-capacity individuals, who involuntarily reallocated spatial attention when distractors were present in the display. These results provide evidence that the poor attentional abilities associated with low memory capacity may stem from an inability to override attentional capture in the initial moments after the onset of distracting information.
4H-SiC Trench MOSFET with Ultra-Low On-Resistance by Using Miniaturization Technology (2018)

The authors have developed 4H-SiC trench MOSFETs with orthogonal Deep-P structures (ODSs) to improve the trade-off between the on-resistance and the gate oxide field. The conditions of photolithography to realize a miniaturized Deep-P pattern have been optimized. The fabricated MOSFETs with ODS have demonstrated a low on-resistance of 2 mΩcm 2 and a high breakdown voltage of 1.8 kV.
Optical characteristics of ZnO nanowires synthesized by nanoparticle-assisted deposition and their application to sensors (2007)

ZnO nano-nails which consist of the nanowire at the top of nanorods have been synthesized by the nanoparticle-assisted deposition technique. When the nanowire was excited by the third harmonics of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, the ultraviolet stimulated emission was clearly observed from single nanowire, indicating the high crystalinity of the nanowire. The highly sensitive ultraviolet photo-detectors were successfully fabricated by trapping these nanowires between electrodes using the dielectrophoresis technique.
Implementation of document management system based on web services (2005)

The traditional document management systems only meet the requirements of the users in an enterprise,but the document information in the management system cannot be shared between the enterprise and its cooperators and consumers. With the development of E-Business,it is necessary to develop a document management application system oriented to the users in different enterprises.It is discussed how to implement the system with Web Services technology in detail.At first,four-layer structure of the system based on B/S is described,and then the characteristics,the establishment and the use of Web Services technology are introduced.Lastly,the implementation of Web Services technology in the system is discussed in detail.
Metal‐Catalyzed Disruption of Membrane Protein and Lipid Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders (2004)

Membrane lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of various membrane and associated proteins (e.g., receptors, ion transporters and channels, and signal transduction and cytoskeletal proteins) occur in a range of neurodegenerative disorders. This membrane-associated oxidative stress (MAOS) is promoted by redox-active metals, most notably iron and copper. The mechanisms whereby different genetic and environmental factors initiate MAOS in specific neurological disorders are being elucidated. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the amyloid beta-peptide generates reactive oxygen species and induces MAOS, resulting in disruption of cellular calcium homeostasis. In Parkinson's disease (PD), mitochondrial toxins and perturbed ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis may impair ATP production and increase oxyradical production and MAOS. The inheritance of polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin may promote neuronal degeneration in Huntington's disease (HD), in part, by increasing MAOS. Increased MAOS occurs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as the result of genetic abnormalities (e.g., Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase mutations) or exposure to environmental toxins. Levels of iron are increased in vulnerable neuronal populations in AD and PD, and dietary and pharmacological manipulations of iron and copper modify the course of the disease in mouse models of AD and PD in ways that suggest a role for these metals in disease pathogenesis. An increasing number of pharmacological and dietary interventions are being identified that can suppress MAOS and neuronal damage and improve functional outcome in animal models of AD, PD, HD, and ALS. Novel preventative and therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders are emerging from basic research on the molecular and cellular actions of metals and MAOS in neural cells.
Effect of Overcoating with Dielectric Films on the Superconductive Properties of the High-T<sub>c</sub> Y-Ba-Cu-O Films (1988)

The high- T c Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductive thin films were coated with dielectric films of Nb 2 O 5 and Al 2 O 3 using an rf-magnetron sputtering technique. The coating with dielectric films lowered the zero-resistance temperature of the Y-Ba-Cu-O films. The Auger analyses for these overcoated Y-Ba-Cu-O films suggested that internal diffusion appeared between the Y-Ba-Cu-O films and the dielectric films. It was also found that the crystallinity of the Y-Ba-Cu-O films was degraded due to the overcoating of the dielectric films.
Properties of coxsackievirus B3 variants which are amyocarditic or myocarditic for mice (1979)

Inoculation of adolescent CD-1 mice with one variant of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3m) results in induction of readily observable myocardial lesions, whereas inoculation of siblings with a second variant (CVB3o) results in little or no myocarditis. These variants could not be distinquished from each other on the basis of replication properties in HeLa cells or cardiac tissues in vivo, sensitivity to human interferon in HeLa cells, induction of interferon in the mouse, generation of detectable levels of defective-interfering particles in HeLa cells or in cardiac tissue in vivo, stimulation of serum-neutralizing antibody titers, nor in their rate of clearance by the spleen. Infectivity of CVB3o was slightly more heat labile at 34 degrees C than CVB3m. Little if any replication of either CVB3o or CVB3m occurred in either adherent or nonadherent populations of normal murine lymphoid cells. Cardiac tissues from mice inoculated with CVB3m but not CVBo contain new antigens that can inhibit migration of sensitized lymphocytes from CVB3m-immunized mice in an in vitro cell-migration-inhibition assay. However, the CVB3o variant was shown to have the genetic capability of inducing myocarditis if the mice were treated with cyclophosphamide prior to virus inoculation. These results suggest, in agreement with our previously published work, that induction of myocarditis by CVB3 requires destruction of myocytes by virus and subsequent stimulation of cell-mediated responses to new antigens produced in the myocardium during virus replication.
Megakaryocytic Differentiation Induced by Constitutive Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase (1997)

The K562 erythroleukemia cell line was used to study the molecular mechanisms regulating lineage commitment of hematopoietic stem cells. Phorbol esters, which initiate megakaryocyte differentiation in this cell line, caused a rapid increase in extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which remained elevated for 2 h and returned to near-basal levels by 24 h. In the absence of extracellular stimuli, ERK could be activated by expression of constitutively active mutants of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase (MKK), resulting in cell adhesion and spreading, increased cell size, inhibition of cell growth, and induction of the platelet-specific integrin alphaIIb beta3, all hallmarks of megakaryocytic differentiation. In contrast, expression of wild-type MKK had little effect. In addition, constitutively active MKK suppressed the expression of an erythroid marker, alpha-globin, indicating the ability to suppress cellular responses necessary for alternative cell lineages. The MKK inhibitor PD98059 blocked MKK/ERK activation and cellular responses to phorbol ester, demonstrating that activation of MKK is necessary and sufficient to induce a differentiation program along the megakaryocyte lineage. Thus, the MAP kinase cascade, which promotes cell growth and proliferation in many cell types, instead inhibits cell proliferation and initiates lineage-specific differentiation in K562 cells, establishing a model system to investigate the mechanisms by which this signal transduction pathway specifies cell fate and developmental processes.
Improving fairness in machine learning systems: What do industry practitioners need? (2018)

The potential for machine learning (ML) systems to amplify social inequities and unfairness is receiving increasing popular and academic attention. A surge of recent work has focused on the development of algorithmic tools to assess and mitigate such unfairness. If these tools are to have a positive impact on industry practice, however, it is crucial that their design be informed by an understanding of real-world needs. Through 35 semi-structured interviews and an anonymous survey of 267 ML practitioners, we conduct the first systematic investigation of commercial product teams' challenges and needs for support in developing fairer ML systems. We identify areas of alignment and disconnect between the challenges faced by industry practitioners and solutions proposed in the fair ML research literature. Based on these findings, we highlight directions for future ML and HCI research that will better address industry practitioners' needs.
Automating communications with and developing user interfaces for remote data acquisition and analysis systems (1997)

Many remote sensor applications require the deployment of automated data acquisition systems. These systems must provide a reliable and robust method of transferring acquired data to an appropriate data center. Remote users also require a means to verify the state-of-health of the sensors and a method of installing improved control software as needed. Research at PNNL on automated radionuclide systems for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty has developed a robust and automated method of data transmission. User interfaces for these systems allow one to use simple text-based communication protocols (kermit, telnet) or the X Windows environment. The use of TcI/Tk aided in the rapid development of the X windows user interfaces.