gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully Optimized Cu based process with dedicated cavity etch for 1.75&amp;#x003BC;m and 1.45&amp;#x003BC;m pixel pitch CMOS Image Sensors (2006)

An innovative process development for sub-2μm CMOS imager sensors is described, leading to tremendous improvements on main pixel parameters like conversion gain, saturation charge, sensitivity, dark current and noise. A full 3MP demonstrator with 1.75μm pixel pitch and 1.45μm pixel pitch have been successfully designed, fabricated and characterized.
"Chitty-Chitty-Chat Bot": Deep Learning for Conversational AI (2018)

Conversational AI is of growing importance since it enables easy interaction interface between humans and computers. Due to its promising potential and alluring commercial values to serve as virtual assistants and/or social chatbots, major AI, NLP, and Search & Mining conferences are explicitly calling-out for contributions from conversational studies. It is an active research area and of considerable interest. To build a conversational system with moderate intelligence is challenging, and requires abundant dialogue data and interdisciplinary techniques. Along with the Web 2.0, the massive data available greatly facilitate data-driven methods such as deep learning for human-computer conversations. In general, conversational systems can be categorized into 1) task-oriented systems which aim to help users accomplish goals in vertical domains, and 2) social chat bots which can converse seamlessly and appropriately with humans, playing the role of a chat companion. In this paper, we focus on the survey of non-task-oriented chit-chat bots.
ROMP-Spheres:  A Novel High-Loading Polymer Support Using Cross Metathesis between Vinyl Polystyrene and Norbornene Derivatives (1999)

The preparation of a polymer-supported ruthenium alkylidene metathesis catalyst is described. This immobilized catalyst has been used to initiate a ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene derivatives onto a polymer support to prepare novel high-loading resins for use in combinatorial chemistry.
The Development of 50kW Output Power Atmospheric Pressure Turbine (APT) (2007)

This research seeks to report the development of a 50kW output power atmospheric pressure turbine (APT), based on the Inverted Brayton Cycle, which puts new, distributed power generation technology to practical use by using as energy source gases at normal pressures and high temperature, from industrial furnaces, waste gasification furnaces, gas turbines, and fuel cells which work at high temperatures, (ex. MCFC: Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell, SOFC: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) and attempts to save energy and reduce CO2. At the last conference (ASME Turbo Expo 2006 in Barcelona), we had presented a paper about the proposal of APT and the results of operation of a 3–5kw APT prototype. This paper describes the designing of a new 50kW output power APT, and shows performance analysis and a review of the effectiveness of its application to industrial furnaces and biomass gasification furnaces. This development is based on a 3–5 kW APT prototype we had built and operated, and evaluated results. The performance simulation results using a general process simulator “HYSYS” show that a new 50kW APT (with recuperating heat exchanger) has a net electric efficiency (LHV) of about 20%. Based on this simulation result, we calculated the power and economical performance of application to industrial furnaces and biomass boilers. The results of these calculations clarify the basic characteristics of a new APT, which can be used as a new system for distributed power generation using waste heat.
Anti-inflammatory effects of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix extract on RAW264.7 cell. via anti-oxidative activities (2015)

Objectives : It had been reported that herbal medicines containing polyphenol and flavonoid have been shown to be associated with decreased the cause of aging and variety of disease such as reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species in several recent studies. Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, origined fromSalvia miltiorrhizaBGE., is one of popular traditional herbal medicines that is commonly used by traditional medicine practitioners. To this date, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix has more than 2000-year history of mature application. This study was conducted to investigate whether the Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix methanol extract has an inhibitory effect association with oxidation or inflammation.Methods : Cytotoxic activity of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix methanol extract on RAW264.7 cells was evaluated by using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide solution. Nitric oxide production was measured using griess reagent system. Western blot analysis and measurement for changes of protein expression, nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, also performed.Results : The medicinal plant, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, does not impair the cell viability in tested concentration (25-100 μg/ml). SMR showed anti-oxiative effectsin vitroby decreasing electron donating ability, and also showed anti-inflammatory effects suppressing NO and COX-2 expressin in LPS induced RAW264.7 activation. SMR inhibited the generation of intracellular ROS production as dose dependant manner.Conclusions : These results indicate that Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix methanol extract has an anti-inflammatory activities via anti-oxidative effects, and the anti-inflammatory effect was presentedd as dose dependant manner.
Chemical and functional diversity of small molecule ligands for RNA (2003)

Functional RNAs such as ribosomal RNA and structured domains of mRNA are targets for small molecule ligands that can act as modulators of the RNA biological activity. Natural ligands for RNA display a bewildering structural and chemical complexity that has yet to be matched by synthetic RNA binders. Comparison of natural and artificial ligands for RNA may help to direct future approaches to design and synthesize potent novel scaffolds for specific recognition of RNA targets.
Generation, control and regulation of EMI from AC drives (2002)

Adjustable speed AC drive (ASD) manufacturers recently migrated from bipolar junction transistor (BJT) semiconductors to insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) as the preferred output switching device. The advantage of IGBTs is that device rise/fall time switching capability is 5-10 times faster, resulting in lower device switching losses and a more efficient and smaller drive package. However, faster output dv/dt transitions and higher drive carrier frequencies increase the magnitude of common mode (CM) electrical noise and electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems. Experience suggests all PWM drives with steep fronted output voltage waveforms have these problems. This paper provides a basic understanding of EMI generated by these drives solutions to control EMI, as well as regulation standards on allowable conducted and radiated emissions to insure a successful drive system installation.
Local smoothness in Variance Reduced optimization (2015)

We propose a family of non-uniform sampling strategies to provably speed up a class of stochastic optimization algorithms with linear convergence including Stochastic Variance Reduced Gradient (SVRG) and Stochastic Dual Coordinate Ascent (SDCA). For a large family of penalized empirical risk minimization problems, our methods exploit data dependent local smoothness of the loss functions near the optimum, while maintaining convergence guarantees. Our bounds are the first to quantify the advantage gained from local smoothness which are significant for some problems significantly better. Empirically, we provide thorough numerical results to back up our theory. Additionally we present algorithms exploiting local smoothness in more aggressive ways, which perform even better in practice.
NicVAX (Nabi Biopharmaceuticals). (2003)

Nabi Biopharmaceuticals is developing NicVAX, a proprietary vaccine designed as a potential therapeutic to prevent and treat nicotine addiction.
Brightening, Blinking, Bluing and Bleaching in the Life of a Quantum Dot: Friend or Foe? (2009)

Semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) are highly photoluminescent materials with unique optical attributes that are being exploited in an ever-increasing array of applications. However, the complex surface chemistry of these finite-sized fluorophores gives rise to a number of photophysical phenomena that can complicate their use in imaging applications. Fluorescence intermittency (FI), photoluminescence enhancement (PLE) and spectral bluing are properties of QD emission that would appear, at first sight, detrimental to quantitative measurement. Fortunately, developments in rational QD synthesis and surface modification are promising to minimize the effects of these fluorescence instabilities, while applications that exploit them are now coming to the fore. We review recent experimental and theoretical studies of FI, PLE and bluing, highlighting the benefits, as well as complications, they bring to key applications.
Towards a comprehensive understanding of the trophic support of motoneurons. (1993)

Motoneurons played an essential role in establishing the concept of target-mediated support of innervating neurons. However, it took several decades until molecules were identified which trophically support motoneurons in vitro and in vivo. The most potent molecule identified so far is ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). It is expressed as a cytosolic molecule in myelinating Schwann cells rather than in skeletal muscle in the postnatal period and therefore does not qualify as a target-derived neurotrophic factor regulating motoneuron survival during embryonic development. However, the inactivation of CNTF by gene targeting experiments results in progressive atrophy and degeneration of motoneurons, demonstrating that CNTF plays an essential role as a maintenance factor for motoneurons postnatally. Secretory molecules which are expressed in skeletal muscle during embryonic development and which support motoneurons in culture and partially also in vivo include members of the NGF gene family (BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5), FGF-5, IGF-I, and LIF. The evaluation of the physiological importance of these molecules is under investigation.
Cephaibols, New Peptaibol Antibiotics with Anthelmintic Properties from Acremonium tubakii DSM 12774. (2001)

Two groups of new peptaibol-type antibiotics termed cephaibols have been isolated from the fungus Acremonium tubakii, DSM 12774. These 16- or 17-unit straight-chain peptides, whose structures were characterized by amino acid analyses, 2-D NMR experiments, and by mass spectrometric sequencing, have a high content of the unusual amino acids aminoisobutyric acid and isovaline. The principal constituent of the novel peptaibol mixture is cephaibol A, which is formed in abundance in cultures of the wild strain. The striking biological property of cephaibol A is its pronounced anthelmintic action and activity against ectoparasites.
Insights From LGI1 and CASPR2 Potassium Channel Complex Autoantibody Subtyping (2012)

The study emphasizes diverse and overlapping neurologic phenotypes across a range of VGKC complex IgG values and varying LGI1 IgG and CASPR2 IgG specificities. The frequent occurrence of LGI1 IgG and CASPR2 IgG in serum samples with low and medium VGKC complex IgG values supports the clinical significance of low values in clinical evaluation. Additional antigenic components of VGKC macromolecular complexes remain to be defined.
Temporal transcriptional response to ethylene gas drives growth hormone cross-regulation in Arabidopsis (2013)

The gaseous plant hormone ethylene regulates a multitude of growth and developmental processes. How the numerous growth control pathways are coordinated by the ethylene transcriptional response remains elusive. We characterized the dynamic ethylene transcriptional response by identifying targets of the master regulator of the ethylene signaling pathway, ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3), using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and transcript sequencing during a timecourse of ethylene treatment. Ethylene-induced transcription occurs in temporal waves regulated by EIN3, suggesting distinct layers of transcriptional control. EIN3 binding was found to modulate a multitude of downstream transcriptional cascades, including a major feedback regulatory circuitry of the ethylene signaling pathway, as well as integrating numerous connections between most of the hormone mediated growth response pathways. These findings provide direct evidence linking each of the major plant growth and development networks in novel ways. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00675.001.
Defining a Stem Length-Dependent Binding Mechanism for the Cocaine-Binding Aptamer. A Combined NMR and Calorimetry Study (2010)

We have used a combined approach of NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to determine the ligand-binding mechanism employed by a cocaine-binding aptamer. We found that the length of the stem containing the 3' and 5' termini determines the nature of the binding mechanism. When this stem is six base pairs long, the secondary structure of the aptamer is fully folded in the free form and only putative tertiary interactions form with ligand binding. If this stem is shortened by three base pairs, the free form of the aptamer contains little secondary structure, and ligand binding triggers secondary structure formation and folding. This binding mechanism is supported by both NMR spectral changes and the ITC measured heat capacity of binding (ΔC(p)°). For the aptamer with the long stem the ΔC(p)° value is -557 ± 29 cal mol(-1) K(-1) and for the aptamer with the short stem the ΔC(p)° value is -922 ± 51 cal mol(-1) K(-1). Chemical shift perturbation data and the observation of intermolecular NOEs indicate that the three-way junction is the site of ligand binding.
Stable speech synthesis using recurrent radial basis functions (1999)

In this paper, we describe a new pervasive conversational system that provides access to multiple desktop applications, from multiple client devices, using multiple input modalities. Client devices currently supported include desktop and telephone, and the applications incorporated include email, calendarand address book. When the access is from a desktop, both conversational natural language and graphical inputs are supported. The paper describes the overall architecture to support such a pervasive conversational system, along with innovations in continuous speech recognition, statistical natural language understanding, and dialog management that were developed to build the system. The paper also describes the partially unsupervised Wizard-of-Oz style setup to collect real-use data, and the performance of the statistical models constructed using this data for speech recognition and natural language understanding.
Romeo and Juliet: The Sonnet-World of Verona (1978)

Our general experience of Romeo and Juliet is not, I think, an entirely settled matter yet—not settled to the extent that, say, Macbeth or Troilus and Cressida or Richard III is. The play does break sharply into two halves, following the death of Mercutio, and the change of tone and (apparently) direction are marked. We can cope with this, not necessarily crudely, by calling Romeo and Juliet a comedy and a tragedy, but the critical problem of unification is not altogether resolved.1 The central transactions of the play seem to invite a wide range of response. And the language remains an underlying cause of unease, a faint yet unmistakable stimulus and irritant to our responses. Every critic notes that (in Clemen’s words) ‘the first scenes of Romeo and Juliet strike us as more conventional in tone and diction than the later ones.’2 But what does ‘conventional’ imply, of approval or disengagement, in this context? How is the partially ‘liberated’ language of the later events to be taken? How, in brief, does the language of the play guide our responses and imply a judgment?
INTERMOLECULAR DEHYDRATION BETWEEN CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ALCOHOLS BY THE USE OF DIETHYL AZODICARBOXYLATE AND 3-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE-2-SELONE (1984)

Abstract The reaction of carboxylic acids with alcohols in the presence of diethyl azodicarboxylate and 3-methylbenzothiazole-2-selone gave the corresponding esters with retention of configuration at the alcoholic carbon atom.
Molecular cloning and centrosomal localization of human caltractin. (1993)

Caltractin, a 20-kDa calcium-binding protein, was previously purified and cloned at the DNA level from the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas. It is a structural component of the basal body complex, the major microtubule-organizing center in Chlamydomonas and the functional homolog of the centrosome in the animal cell. Here we report the characterization of a cDNA encoding a human caltractin that shares a high degree of amino acid identity (70%) with its algal counterpart. Caltractin was identified in both HeLa and BHK cells as a 21-kDa polypeptide specifically localized to the centrosome of interphase and mitotic cells. The high level of conservation in the amino acid sequence of caltractin from algae to humans and its association with the major microtubule-organizing center in the cell suggest that caltractin plays a fundamental role in microtubule-organizing center structure and function.
Mammalian Reproduction: An Ecological Perspective1 (1985)

The objectives of this paper are to organize our concepts about the environmental regulation of reproduction in mammals and to delineate important gaps in our knowledge of this subject. The environmental factors of major importance for mammalian reproduction are food availability, ambient temperature, rainfall, the day/night cycle and a variety of social cues. The synthesis offered here uses as its core the bioenergetic control of reproduction. Thus, for example, annual patterns of breeding are viewed as reflecting primarily the caloric costs of the female's reproductive effort as they relate to the energetic costs and gains associated with her foraging effort. Body size of the female is an important consideration since it is correlated with both potential fat reserves and life span. Variation in nutrient availability may or may not be an important consideration. The evolutionary forces that have shaped the breeding success of males usually are fundamentally different from those acting on females and, by implication, the environmental controls governing reproduction probably also often differ either qualitatively or quantitatively in the two sexes. Mammals often live in habitats where energetic and nutrient challenges vary seasonally, even in the tropics. When seasonal breeding is required, a mammal may use a predictor such as photoperiod or a secondary plant compound to prepare metabolically for reproduction. A reasonable argument can be made, however, that opportunistic breeding, unenforced by a predictor, may be the most prevalent strategy extant among today's mammals. Social cues can have potent modulating actions. They can act either via discrete neural and endocrine pathways to alter specific processes such as ovulation, or they can induce nonspecific emotional states that secondarily affect reproduction. Many major gaps remain in our knowledge about the environmental regulation of mammalian reproduction. For one, we have a paucity of information about the annual patterns of breeding and about the mechanisms controlling these patterns in the most common mammals on the planet-the small to average-sized mammals living in the tropics. We probably have only a shallow conceptualization of the way available energy and nutrients control reproduction and, likewise, we may have only a narrow view of the potential kinds and uses of seasonal predictors. Finally, we have little appreciation of the way environmental cues interact with each other to control reproduction.
Principles of medicinal chemistry (1974)

Introduction and history medicinals of plant origin - historical aspects biopharmaceutical properties of drug substances structural features and pharmacologic activity theoretic aspects of drug design molecular modelling receptors and drug action drug metabolism volatile anaesthetics central nervous system depressants - sedative-hypnotics anticonvulsant neuroleptics and anxiolytic agents drugs used to treat neuromuscular disorders - antiparkinsonism agents and skeletal muscle relaxants analgesics central nervous system stimulants local anaesthetics cholinergic agonists, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and cholinergic antagonists adrenergic drugs cardiac agents - cardiac glycosides, antianginals and antiarrhythmic drugs anticoagulants, coagulants and plasma extenders diuretics antiallergic and antiulcer drugs cholesterol, adrenocorticoids, and sex hormones antilipidemic drugs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs drugs affecting sugar metabolism amino acids, peptides and proteins pharmaceutical biotechnology vitamins and coenzymes thyroid function and thyroid drugs metabolite antagonism parasite chemotherapy antimycobacterial agents antibiotics and antimicrobial agents antifungal agents antiseptics and disinfectants cancer chemotherapy antiviral agents approaches to anti-AIDS agents hormone antagonists photochemotherapy pesticides agents for organ imaging appendix.
System Support for Bandwidth Management and Content Adaptation in Internet Applications (2001)

This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of an operating system module, the Congestion Manager (CM), which provides integrated network flow management and exports a convenient programming interface that allows applications to be notified of, and adapt to, changing network conditions. We describe the API by which applications interface with the CM, and the architectural considerations that factored into the design. To evaluate the architecture and API, we describe our implementations of TCP; a streaming layered audio/video application; and an interactive audio application using the CM, and show that they achieve adaptive behavior without incurring much end-system overhead. All flows including TCP benefit from the sharing of congestion information, and applications are able to incorporate new functionality such as congestion control and adaptive behavior.
A tactile sensing technique for automatic gripping of compact shaped non-rigid materials (1994)

In the handling of non-rigid materials additional considerations have to be made with respect to manipulation, gripping and sensing required; and constant monitoring of the material is required whilst being handled, as well as specialised gripping technology. This paper describes new tactile sensing technologies for integral operation within gripping devices. Present tactile sensing technology has tended to concentrate on large arrays of sensing elements. These have drawbacks in that they are costly, can be computationally expensive to process and do not always yield all the information required. For the type of application described here the emphasis is on the ability of the sensor to be operationally and physically robust, be compatible to the material and environment which which it is working whilst deducing data on force centroid, force distribution, surface shape and slip. The instrumentation of two gripper configurations have been investigated. One technique has been deployed on a pneumatic multi-chamber finger end effector and another on a multi-plate gripping device. These devices are particularly relevant to the handling of agricultural and food products. >
Identification of Simple Compounds with Microtubule-Binding Activity That Inhibit Cancer Cell Growth with High Potency (2011)

We analyzed more than 1 million small molecules with the goal of finding simple synthetic compounds that potently inhibit cancer cell growth. We identified three such compounds with unknown mechanisms of action. Subsequent studies revealed that all three of these small molecules target microtubules. These three scaffolds can serve as templates for developing new microtubule-targeted agents, overcoming the limits of existing microtubule-inhibiting drugs derived from complex natural products.