gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tool Wear Monitoring in Turning: A Neural Network Application (2001)

Tool wear monitoring is the most difficult task in the area of tool condition monitoring for metal-cutting manufacturing processes. The main objective is to improve the process reliability, but the production costs need to be reduced as well. This article summarises a new approach for online and indirect tool wear estimation or classification in turning using neural networks. This technique uses a physical process model describing the influence of cutting conditions (such as the feed rate) on measured process parameters (here: cutting force signals) in order to separate signal changes caused by variable cutting conditions from signal changes caused by tool wear. Features extracted from the normalised process parameters are taken as inputs of a dynamic, but nonrecurrent neural network that estimates the current state of the tool. It is shown that the estimation error can be reduced significantly with this combination of a hard computing and a soft computing technique. The article represents an extended summary of the author's investigations and publications in the area of online and indirect tool wear monitoring in turning by means of artificial neural networks.
Allicin and Allicin-Derived Garlic Compounds Increase Breath Acetone through Allyl Methyl Sulfide:  Use in Measuring Allicin Bioavailability (2005)

Progress in establishing systemic pharmacological effects for fresh, crushed garlic (Allium sativum L) in humans has been hindered by (1) the inability to measure allicin bioavailability, (2) lack of direct evidence that allicin has significant systemic activity at doses of garlic normally consumed, and (3) lack of a model for an acute effect. We have addressed these problems by quantifying the increases in breath acetone and breath allyl methyl sulfide (AMS). The area under the 48 h curve was measured in humans after consumption of standardized garlic preparations, allicin, and allicin-derived compounds, at the equivalent of 7 g of crushed garlic. It was shown that the allyl thiosulfinates (mainly allicin) are solely responsible for breath AMS and increased breath acetone. Diallyl trisulfide, diallyl disulfide, ajoene, and S-allylmercaptocysteine, at isomolar dithioallyl, showed the same quantitative effects as allicin. Consumption of AMS at isomolar allyl also gave the same effects as allicin, indicating that AMS is the main metabolite of allicin and is an active metabolite. In conclusion, allicin and allicin-derived compounds are rapidly metabolized to AMS, a compound which stimulates the production of acetone and which can be used to measure the bioavailability of allicin and, hence, the ability of garlic supplements to represent fresh garlic.
MultiJava: Modular Symmetric Multiple Dispatch and Extensible Classes for Java (2000)

Multiple dispatch offers several well-known advantages over the single dispatching of conventional object-oriented languages, including a simple solution to the "binary method" problem and cleaner implementations of the "strategy" and similar design patterns. Extensible classes allow one to extend the set of methods that an existing class supports without editing that class or client code. This provides, among other idioms, a simple implementation of the "visitor" design pattern. We present MultiJava, a backward-compatible extension to Java supporting symmetric multiple dispatch and extensible classes. We adapt previous theoretical work to allow MultiJava classes to be statically typechecked modularly and safely, ruling out any link-time or run-time type errors. We also present a novel compilation scheme that operates modularly and incurs performance overhead only where multiple dispatching or extensible classes are actually used.
Myosin-actin interaction plays an important role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 release from host cells. (1995)

We examined the potential role of myosin and actin in the release of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from infected cells. Wortmannin (100 nM to 5 microM), an effective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase, blocked the release of HIV-1 from infected T-lymphoblastoid and monocytoid cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Cytochalasin D, a reagent that disrupts the equilibrium between monomeric and polymeric actin, also partially inhibited the release of HIV-1 from the infected cells. At the budding stage, myosin and HIV-1 protein were detected in the same areas on the plasma membrane by using dual-label immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. In the presence of 5 microM wortmannin, viral components were observed on the plasma membrane by using immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy, implying that wortmannin did not disturb the transport of viral proteins to the plasma membrane but rather inhibited budding.
LIPID DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION IN THE SUCKLING RAT. (1983)

The suckling rat has provided a useful model for these studies of lipid digestion and absorption. In adults dietary triacylglycerols are predominantly hydrolyzed by the "classic" mechanism involving pancreatic lipase (E.C. 3.1.1.3) and biliary micelle-mediated product uptake. Unlike affluent man, adult laboratory rats normally consume a low-fat diet (< 20% of energy). However suckling rats, like most neonates, consume a milk diet that is normally high in fat. Suckling rats receive ~90% of non-protein energy from milk triacylglycerols, although rats have very low levels of "classic" pancreatic lipase before weaning. Dissertation studies demonstrate that other lipases promote efficient gastrointestinal triacylglycerol utilization in suckling rats. Nearly half of milk triacylglycerols are hydrolyzed to diacylglycerol within the stomach; and results strongly support that lingual lipase is the significant source of this activity. Furthermore, enzyme studies show considerable similarity between this lipase from rat tongue and so-called pregastric esterases of suckling ruminant species. Of fatty acids released in stomach, nearly three-quarters are of medium-chain length. These have high aqueous solubility and are rapidly absorbed from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Remaining triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, and long-chain fatty acids enter the intestinal lumen and mix with lipid-rich bile. Suckling rats have higher biliary concentrations of bile salts, phospholipids and cholesterol than do adults. Bile salt enterohepatic circulation clearly occurs in the suckling rat, at least as early as 10 days. The bile acid β-muricholate is elevated during the suckling period, compared to post-weaning. Results show that further lipolysis occurs along the intestine, possibly through the action of lingual lipase and others from pancreas, producing mostly long-chain free fatty acids, monoacylglycerol, and some lysophosphatidylcholine, derived largely from bile. This composition closely resembles adult intestinal contents, but is much higher in both dietary and biliary lipid constituents. Alteration of milk triacylglycerol fatty acids produced no apparent impairment in gastrointestinal lipid utilization by sucklings, but resulted in hyperlipemia and increased carcass fatness. These results suggest gastrointestinal events do not limit triacylglycerol utilization in the suckling rat, regardless of composition; but post-absorptive metabolism may be different when sucklings consume altered milk lipids.
Conditional Vector Quantization for Voice Conversion (2007)

Voice conversion methods have the objective of transforming speech spoken by a particular source speaker, so that it sounds as if spoken by a different target speaker. The majority of voice conversion methods is based on transforming the short-time spectral envelope of the source speaker, based on derived correspondences between the source and target vectors using training speech data from both speakers. These correspondences are usually obtained by segmenting the spectral vectors of one or both speakers into clusters, using soft (GMM-based) or hard (VQ-based) clustering. Here, we propose that voice conversion performance can be improved by taking advantage of the fact that often the relationship between the source and target vectors is one-to-many. In order to illustrate this, we propose that a VQ approach namely constrained vector quantization (CVQ), can be used for voice conversion. Results indicate that indeed such a relationship between the source and target data exists and can be exploited by following a CVQ-based function for voice conversion.
Reduction of Pig Agonistic Behavior by Androstenone (1988)

One hundred twenty-four prepuberal crossbred pigs were used in a series of behavioral bioassays to determine the minimum dose of androstenone (5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one) that would reduce the level of agonistic behavior among dyads of newly regrouped pigs. Randomly selected females and castrated males were used in 21-h videotaped observation periods. In Exp. 1, isopropyl alcohol was tested against no aerosol to determine if the vehicle (isopropyl alcohol) influenced agonistic behavior. Level of submissive and aggressive behaviors were similar (P greater than .10) between treatments. In Exp. 2, vehicle or androstenone in vehicle was sprayed on the snout and head of both pigs at the start of the encounter. Four bioassays were performed with four levels (.05, .5, 5 and 50 micrograms/pig) of androstenone dissolved in isopropyl alcohol. Sprayed isopropyl alcohol served as a control. At concentrations of .5 and 5 micrograms/pig, androstenone reduced aggressive behavior (P less than .05). Androstenone had no consistent effect on submissive behavior. In Exp. 3, androstenone was sprayed on pigs at the start of the encounter and again at 30, 60 and 90 min after pairs of pigs were mixed. Repeated application of this androgen resulted in levels of agonistic behavior similar to those recorded when nothing was applied (P greater than .10). A single application of as little as .5 micrograms androstenone per pig reduced aggressive behavior among prepuberal pigs and, therefore, may be a way of reducing fighting among newly regrouped prepuberal pigs.
Development of a Practical Method for Using Ozone Gas as a Virus Decontaminating Agent (2009)

Our objective was to develop a practical method of utilizing the known anti-viral properties of ozone in a mobile apparatus that could be used to decontaminate rooms in health care facilities, hotels and other buildings. Maximum anti-viral efficacy required a short period of high humidity (>90% relative humidity) after the attainment of peak ozone gas concentration (20–25 ppm). All 12 viruses tested, on different hard and porous surfaces, and in the presence of biological fluids, could be inactivated by at least 3 log10, in the laboratory and in simulated field trials. The ozone was subsequently removed by a built-in catalytic converter.
Development of a portable graphite calorimeter for measuring absorbed dose in the radiotherapy clinic (2002)

This thesis describes the development of a robust and portable calorimeter for use in radiotherapy photon and electron beams. The system consists of the calorimeter itself, means for thermal isolation and temperature control, and a temperature measurement system. The requirement for portability placed restrictions on the design which led to higher heat transfer between components than was desirable and much effort was put into thermodynamic modelling of the system. Effort was also focussed on the development of a temperature control system sensitive enough to allow measurements of temperature rises of the order of 1 mK. The control system maintains the temperature of the calorimeter to within +/- 0.2 mK over several hours in an uncontrolled environment. A full characterisation of the calorimeter was earned out at NPL in 60Co radiation and X-ray and electron beams from the NPL linear accelerator. This showed the system is capable of measuring a dose of 1 Gy at doserates as low as 1.5 Gy min-1 with a measurement uncertainty of +/- 0.3% (1 standard deviation). In comparisons with the present NPL primary standards the calorimeter gave agreement within the overall uncertainties. The robustness and portability of the calorimeter were proven in a number of external tests, firstly in an intercomparison between NPL and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures in the BIPM's 60Co beam in Paris. In the final test an ion chamber was calibrated in a 6 MV X-ray beam from a clinical linac, yielding a calibration factor 0.68% different from that obtained in the NPL linac beam. This difference is within the measurement uncertainties and indicated that there is no significant error in the transfer of ion chamber calibrations from NPL to the radiotherapy clinic.
Graphene oxide/carbon dot composite: a new photoelectrode material for photocurrent response enhancement (2015)

Low-dimensional carbon nanocomposite-based architectures and anchoring zero-dimensional carbon dots on two-dimensional graphene sheets may provide an important approach to develop energy harvesting and conversion strategies. In this work, as a novel photoelectrode with a high photocurrent response performance based on a composite made with all carbon-based materials consisting of p-type graphene oxide (GO) and n-type nitrogen, sulfur co-doped carbon dot (NS-CD) has been prepared via the electrophoretic deposition approach. The photoelectrochemical measurement shows that the GO/NS-CD composite greatly suppresses the charge recombination and evidently enhances the photocurrent response activity. It is anticipated that this work may pave a valuable step for the further development of all carbon-based optoelectronic devices with excellent performance.
How labor markets and imperfect competition affect tariff policy (1993)

Labor market institutions provide a rationale for the difference between the &quot;corporatist &quot; consensus on free trade and the &quot;popu-list &quot; resistance to trade liberalizatior. PolicyRc anhWoingPapendiuinatthefings ofwo&amp;inppmsandmneougetheecangeofidasammgBank staffmnd all otheas ined in dowdopmant heanpapers, distzibu edby theResehAdvisoy Staff.carry thenam!-&apos;1 ho0Mxdlect onlydyeirviews.andshouldbeusedandcitedaccordingly.Tlefindings.interpretations.andconclusions ethes,-c- &amp;h dsould nct bo atuibuted to thc Wodd Bank. its Bord of Dieos, its mbnageman, or any of its manbercountries. Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed
[phi]Sched: A Heterogeneity-Aware Hadoop Workflow Scheduler (2014)

Enterprise Hadoop applications now routinely comprise complex workflows that are managed by specialized workflow schedulers such as Oozie. The resources are assumed to be similar or homogeneous and data locality is often the only scheduling constraint considered. However, introduction of specialized architectures and regular system upgrades lead to Hadoop data center hardware becoming increasingly heterogeneous, in that a data center may have several clusters each boasting different characteristics. However, the workflow scheduler is not aware of such heterogeneity, and thus cannot ensure that a cluster selected based on data locality is also suitable for supporting the jobs efficiently in terms of execution time and resource consumption. In this paper, we adopt a quantitative approach where we first study detailed behavior of various representative Hadoop applications running on four different hardware configurations. Next, we incorporate this information into a hardware-aware scheduler, ØSched, to improve the resource application match. To ensure that job associated data is available locally (or nearby) to a cluster in a multi-cluster deployment, we configure a single Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) instance across all the participating clusters. We also design and implement region-aware data placement and retrieval for HDFS in order to reduce the network overhead and achieve cluster-level data locality. We evaluate our approach using experiments on Amazon EC2 with four clusters of eight homogeneous nodes each, where each cluster has a different hardware configuration. We find that ØSched's optimized placement of applications across the test clusters reduces the execution time of the test applications by 18.7%, on average, when compared to extant hardware oblivious scheduling. Moreover, our HDFS enhancement increases the I/O throughput by up to 23% and the average I/O rate by up to 26% for the TestDFSIO benchmark.
Transcriptome of Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> during Urinary Tract Infection (2004)

A uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain CFT073-specific DNA microarray that includes each open reading frame was used to analyze the transcriptome of CFT073 bacteria isolated directly from the urine of infected CBA/J mice. The in vivo expression profiles were compared to that of E. coli CFT073 grown statically to exponential phase in rich medium, revealing the strategies this pathogen uses in vivo for colonization, growth, and survival in the urinary tract environment. The most highly expressed genes overall in vivo encoded translational machinery, indicating that the bacteria were in a rapid growth state despite specific nutrient limitations. Expression of type 1 fimbriae, a virulence factor involved in adherence, was highly upregulated in vivo. Five iron acquisition systems were all highly upregulated during urinary tract infection, as were genes responsible for capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide synthesis, drug resistance, and microcin secretion. Surprisingly, other fimbrial genes, such as pap and foc/sfa, and genes involved in motility and chemotaxis were downregulated in vivo. E. coli CFT073 grown in human urine resulted in the upregulation of iron acquisition, capsule, and microcin secretion genes, thus partially mimicking growth in vivo. On the basis of gene expression levels, the urinary tract appears to be nitrogen and iron limiting, of high osmolarity, and of moderate oxygenation. This study represents the first assessment of any E. coli pathotype's transcriptome in vivo and provides specific insights into the mechanisms necessary for urinary tract pathogenesis.
Bisphosphonates used for the treatment of bone disorders inhibit squalene synthase and cholesterol biosynthesis. (1992)

Some bisphosphonates used for the treatment of bone disorders are also potent inhibitors of squalene synthase, a critical enzyme for sterol biosynthesis. Among seven drugs tested, YM 175 (cycloheptylaminomethylene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid) was the most potent inhibitor of rat liver microsomal squalene synthase (Ki = 57 nM) and sterol biosynthesis from [14C]mevalonate in rat liver homogenate (IC50 = 17 nM). EB 1053 (3-(1-pyrolidino)-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid) and PHPBP (3-(1-piperidino)-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid) were less potent inhibitors in both these assays. Pamidronate and alendronate were poor inhibitors of squalene synthase (IC50 > 10 microM) but were potent inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis from mevalonate (IC50 = 420 and 168 nM, respectively), suggesting that the latter two agents may have inhibited other enzymes involved in the synthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate from mevalonate. Etidronate and clodronate were inactive in both these assays. YM 175 also inhibited sterol biosynthesis in mouse macrophage J774 cells (IC50 = 64 microM) and in rats, when administered acutely, it inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver (ED50 = 30 mg/kg, s.c.). Structural modifications on YM 175 to enhance cell permeability may result in a new class of cholesterol-lowering agents.
¹H NMR-based metabolic profiling of human rectal cancer tissue (2013)

Our findings firstly identify the distinguishing metabolites in different stages of rectal cancer tissues, indicating possibility of the attribution of metabolites disturbance to the progression of rectal cancer. The altered metabolites may be as potential biomarkers, which would provide a promising molecular diagnostic approach for clinical diagnosis of human rectal cancer. The role and underlying mechanism of metabolites in rectal cancer progression are worth being further investigated.
Wechselwirkungen zwischen Acetylsalicylsäure und Lysin in Lösung (1985)

Abstract Der pH‐abhängige Einfluß von Lysin auf die Hydrolyse von Acetylsalicylsäure zu Salicylsäure und auf die Bildung von Lysinderivaten der Acetylsalicylsäure wurde durch HPLC‐Untersuchungen geklärt. Die Bildung von ε‐ N ‐Acetyl‐lysin, α‐ N ‐Acetyl‐lysin und wenig Diacetyl‐lysin erfolgt rasch bei pH‐Werten der Lösung von 6 und höher, sehr langsam jedoch bei dem für gebräuchliche Injektionslösungen eingestellten pH‐Wert 5. Das Auftreten des postulierten Salicyloyllysins in Acetylsalicylsäure‐Lysin‐Lösungen wurde durch Vergleich mit der unabhängig synthetisierten Verbindung ausgeschlossen.
Machine code verification of a tiny ARM hypervisor (2013)

Hypervisors are low level execution platforms that provide isolated partitions on shared resources, allowing to design secure systems without using dedicated hardware devices. A key requirement of this kind of solution is the formal verification of the software trusted computing base, preferably at the binary level. We accomplish a detailed verification of an ARMv7 tiny hypervisor, proving its correctness at the machine code level. We present our verification strategy, which mixes the usage of the theorem prover HOL4, the computation of weakest preconditions, and the use of SMT solvers to largely automate the verification process. The automation relies on an integration of HOL4 with BAP, the Binary Analysis Platform developed at CMU. To enable the adoption of the BAP back-ends to compute weakest preconditions and control flow graphs, a HOL4-based tool was implemented that transforms ARMv7 assembly programs to the BAP Intermediate Language. Since verifying contracts by computing the weakest precondition depends on resolving indirect jumps, we implemented a procedure that integrates SMT solvers and BAP to discover all the possible assignments to the indirect jumps under the contract precondition.
Mitogen-activated protein kinases mediate peroxynitrite-induced cell death in human bronchial epithelial cells (2003)

Peroxynitrite, formed by the reaction of nitric oxide (NO. ) with superoxide anions (O(2)(-).), may play a role in the pathophysiology of inflammation. The effects of 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a peroxynitrite generator, on the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B, were examined. SIN-1 exposure resulted in cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Depletion of intracellular glutathione increased the vulnerability of the cells. Pretreatment with Mn(III)tetrakis(N-methyl-4'-pyridyl)porphyrin (MnTMPyP) or hydroxocobalamin (HC), O(2)(-). and NO. scavengers, respectively, reduced significantly SIN-1-induced cell death (18.66 +/- 3.57 vs. 77.01 +/- 14.07 or 82.20 +/- 9.64, % cell viability SIN-1 vs. MnTMPyP or HC). Moreover, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) p44/42 (ERK), p38, and p54/46 (JNK) were also activated in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. PD-98059 and SB-239063, specific inhibitors of ERK and p38 MAPK pathways, failed to protect cells against 1 mM SIN-1. However, PD-98059 partially inhibited (60% cell survival) SIN-1 effects at < or =0.25 mM, and this was increased with the inclusion of SB-239063. Therefore, MAPKs may mediate signal transduction pathways induced by peroxynitrite in lung epithelial cells leading to cell death.