gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All optical switching and continuum generation in silicon waveguides (2004)

First demonstration of cross phase modulation based interferometric switch is presented in silicon on insulator waveguides. By using Mach-Zehnder interferometric configuration we experimentally demonstrate switching of CW signal ~25 nm away from the pump laser. We present the effect of free carrier accumulation on switching. Additionally, we theoretically analyze the transient effects and degradations due to free carrier absorption, free carrier refraction and two photon absorption effects. Results suggest that at low peak power levels the system is governed by Kerr nonlinearities. As the input power levels increase the free carrier effects becomes dominant. Effect of free carrier generation on continuum generation and power transfer also theoretically analyzed and spectral broadening factor for high input power levels is estimated.
Interactive Audio-haptic Map Explorer on a Tactile Display (2014)

Journal Article Interactive Audio-haptic Map Explorer on a Tactile Display Get access Limin Zeng, Limin Zeng * Human-Computer Interaction, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany *Corresponding author: limin.zeng@tu-dresden.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mei Miao, Mei Miao Human-Computer Interaction, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Gerhard Weber Gerhard Weber Human-Computer Interaction, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Interacting with Computers, Volume 27, Issue 4, July 2015, Pages 413–429, https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwu006 Published: 26 February 2014 Article history Received: 05 August 2013 Revision received: 09 December 2013 Accepted: 16 January 2014 Published: 26 February 2014
Evidence for further breast cancer susceptibility genes in addition to <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> in a population‐based study (2001)

We used data from a population based series of breast cancer patients to investigate the genetic models that can best explain familial breast cancer not due to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The data set consisted of 1,484 women diagnosed with breast cancer under age 55 registered in the East Anglia Cancer registry between 1991-1996. Blood samples taken from the patients were analysed for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. The genetic models were constructed using information on breast and ovarian cancer history in first-degree relatives and on the mutation status of the index patients. We estimated the simultaneous effects of BRCA1, BRCA2, a third hypothetical gene BRCA3, and a polygenic effect. The models were assessed by likelihood comparisons and by comparison of the observed numbers of mutations and affected relatives with the predicted numbers. BRCA1 and BRCA2 could not explain all the familial clustering of breast cancer. The best-fitting single gene model for BRCA3 was a recessive model with a disease allele frequency 24% and penetrance 42% by age 70. However, a polygenic model gave a similarly good fit. The estimated population frequencies for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were similar under both recessive and polygenic models, 0.024 and 0.041%, respectively. A dominant model for BRCA3 gave a somewhat worse fit, although the difference was not significant. The mixed recessive model was identical to the recessive model and the mixed dominant very similar to the polygenic model. The BRCA3 genetic models were robust to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 penetrance assumptions. The overall fit of all models was improved when the known effects of parity on breast and ovarian cancer risks were included in the model-in this case a polygenic model fits best. These findings suggest that a number of common, low-penetrance genes with additive effects may account for the residual non-BRCA1/2 familial aggregation of breast cancer, but Mendelian inheritance of an autosomal recessive allele cannot be ruled out.
HOS-based image sequence noise removal (2006)

In this paper, a new spatiotemporal filtering scheme is described for noise reduction in video sequences. For this purpose, the scheme processes each group of three consecutive sequence frames in two steps: 1) estimate motion between frames and 2) use motion vectors to get the final denoised current frame. A family of adaptive spatiotemporal L-filters is applied. A recursive implementation of these filters is used and compared with its nonrecursive counterpart. The motion trajectories are obtained recursively by a region-recursive estimation method. Both motion parameters and filter weights are computed by minimizing the kurtosis of error instead of mean squared error. Using the kurtosis in the algorithms adaptation is appropriate in the presence of mixed and impulsive noises. The filter performance is evaluated by considering different types of video sequences. Simulations show marked improvement in visual quality and SNRI measures cost as well as compared to those reported in literature.
e-Surveillance in Animal Health: use and evaluation of mobile tools (2012)

In the last decade, mobile technology offered new opportunities and challenges in animal health surveillance. It began with the use of basic mobile phones and short message service (SMS) for disease reporting, and the development of smartphones and other mobile tools has expanded the possibilities for data collection. These tools assist in the collection of data as well as geo-referenced mapping of diseases, and mapping, visualization and identification of vectors such as ticks. In this article we share our findings about new technologies in the domain of animal health surveillance, based on several projects using a wide range of mobile tools, each with their specific applicability and limitations. For each of the tools used, a comprehensive overview is given about its applicability, limitations, technical requirements, cost and also the perception of the users.The evaluation of the tools clearly shows the importance of selecting the appropriate tool depending on the envisaged data to be collected. Accessibility, visualization and cost related to data collection differ significantly among the tools tested. This paper can thus be seen as a practical guide to the currently available tools.
Extension of Service Migration Method for Video on Demand Service (2010)

We studied a service migration method using Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to dynamically switch resources (i.e., devices, access networks and media) for interactive communication services such as chat, Voice over IP (VoIP) and video telephony according to user's requirements. In this paper, we extend the method to incorporate the Video On Demand (VOD) service. In the extension, a VOD server and VOD clients are assumed to be SIP User Equipments (UEs), and SIP sessions for a Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) and a Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) among them are controlled separately. It allows not only switching VOD clients seamlessly but also assigning different roles to different VOD clients, e.g. a user can control the playback mode from a cellular phone as a remote controller while rendering content on a TV. We implemented a system based on the proposal and conducted measurements to evaluate the processing delay consumed by the session control.
Prediction of Glucose and Insulin Responses of Normal Subjects after Consuming Mixed Meals Varying in Energy, Protein, Fat, Carbohydrate and Glycemic Index (1996)

To see if both the amount and source of carbohydrate consumed determined postprandial glucose and insulin responses of mixed meals, eight nondiabetic subjects took five different mixed meals containing variable energy (1650-2550 kJ), fat (8-24 g), protein (12-25 g) carbohydrate (38-104 g) and glycemic index (43-99). Incremental glucose and insulin responses for the five meals varied over a 2.3-fold range. Amount of carbohydrate alone was not significantly related to the mean glucose and insulin responses. However, using previously derived equations, amount of carbohydrate and glycemic index explained approximately 90% of the variability of the observed mean glucose and insulin responses (P = 0.01). We conclude that both amount and source of carbohydrate determine the glucose and insulin responses of lean, young, nondiabetic subjects after different mixed meals with variable glycemic index. Variation in protein and fat intake, over the range tested here, appears to have a negligible effect on postprandial glucose and insulin.
Processing Methods for Use with Two New Black-and-White Reversal Films (1957)

Two new 16mm black-and-white reversal films (Eastman Plus-X Reversal Film, Type 7276; Eastman Tri-X Reversal Film, Type 7278) have been introduced to satisfy the present-day requirements for extended speed range, improved picture quality, and ease of processing in rapidly working baths at normal and elevated temperatures. A study has been made of the reversal process with reference to the needs of these films when handled on various types of continuous and batch equipment of practical interest. Recommendations are made for processing-bath composition and replenishing practice for obtaining highest quality and consistent results.
Surface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy: The Origin of the Absorption Enhancement and Band Selection Rule in the Infrared Spectra of Molecules Adsorbed on Fine Metal Particles (1993)

Infrared transmission spectra of molecules adsorbed on silver island films evaporated on CaF 2 have been investigated. The spectra are remarkably simple compared with those of the molecules in the solid state (KBr pellets). Only the vibrational modes which give dipole changes perpendicular to the metal surface are infrared active. In addition, their intensities are about 200 times larger than those of the free molecule. These results can be fully accounted for if the electric field which excites the surface molecule is perpendicular to the local surface of the metal islands and is stronger than the incident electric field. The origin of the absorption enhancement and the surface selection rule is discussed theoretically by using a classical electromagnetic model.
A hierarchical self-X SLA for cloud computing (2014)

In cloud computing, service level agreement (SLA) is a mutual contract between service provider and consumer upon quality of service (QoS). Currently, there is no an effective relation among different SLAs while some of them affect each other. Moreover, different systems are employed to operate SLA based functions for instance SLA monitoring system, SLA based resource adapting system and etc. heterogeneous SLA based systems and lack of hierarchical relations have deducted the efficiency of SLA based systems. In this paper, the SLA structure is extended to support the hierarchical relation of SLAs in cloud computing. Additionally, a self-X ability is also proposed and added inside the SLA structure to supply the SLA based operations. A self-healing SLA is developed by extended SLA and the experiment results have presented its effectiveness
Fuel, Lubricant and Additive Effects on Combustion Chamber Deposits (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">There is continuing interest in understanding how fuel, fuel additives, and lubricants contribute to combustion chamber deposit (CCD) weights and compositions in order to better anticipate the impact of CCD on exhaust emissions and engine performance. For this reason, we have characterized a range of CCDs from bench engines and vehicles using solid state <sup>13</sup>C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Differences in CCD composition and structure were related to the fuel, fuel additives, and engine oil used in the test. CCDs derived from most fuels run in modern engines are predominantly organic. The fraction of aromatic carbon ranges between 24 and 74% depending on fuels and test conditions over a test length of 1,000 to 20,000 miles. These aromatic carbons exist in predominantly 1 and 2 ring structures that are independent of the amount of aromatic carbon in the CCD. These 1 and 2 ring aromatic carbon units are even present in CCD produced from non-aromatic fuels and non-aromatic lubes. The major structural difference among CCD appears in the average aliphatic carbon chain length, which decreases with increasing amount of aromatic carbon in CCD. In general, intake valve detergent packages decreased the aromatic carbon content and increased the average aliphatic chain length in CCD. In some cases, the change in CCD composition occurs even though there is little change in the total amount of CCD produced. The amount of aromatic carbon in CCD increases with increasing mileage. This implies that some oxidative aromatization reactions and reactions, which eliminate aliphatic groups in CCD take place over time on the combustion chamber walls.</div>
Effects of bradykinin and Des-Arg9-bradykinin on the ischemic rat heart. (1992)

In isolated rat hearts subjected to 30 min stop flow followed by 5 min reperfusion, Bradykinin (Bk), 1 and 0.1 microM, significantly decreased ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, noradrenaline (NA) output at reperfusion as well as myocardial NA loss and lipid peroxidation, and preserved creatine kinase activity. Des-Arg9-Bk 0.1 microM had also similar effects. Hence, the active metabolite des-Arg9-Bk may be involved in the protective action of Bk, partly mediated by its inhibitory effect on NA liberation.
Equilibrium contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance shows increased interstitial expansion in the systemic right ventricle of adults late after Mustard or Senning surgery for transposition of the great arteries (2012)

In this study, we have used equilibium contrast CMR (EQ-CMR) to assess the interstium volume of patients after atrial redirection surgery, finding higher amounts than in healthy volunteers and correlations with known clinical markers of disease.
The Targeted SMAC Mimetic SW IV-134 is a strong enhancer of standard chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer (2017)

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignancy that frequently acquires resistance to conventional chemotherapies often associated with overexpression of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). We have recently described a novel means to deliver second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics selectively to cancer cells employing the sigma-2 ligand/receptor interaction. The intrinsic death pathway agonist SMAC offers an excellent opportunity to counteract the anti-apoptotic activity of IAPs. SMAC mimetics have been used to sensitize several cancer types to chemotherapeutic agents but cancer-selective delivery and appropriate cellular localization have not yet been considered. In our current study, we tested the ability of the sigma-2/SMAC drug conjugate SW IV-134 to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Using the targeted SMAC mimetic SW IV-134, inhibition of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (XIAP) was induced pharmacologically and its impact on cell viability was studied alone and in combination with gemcitabine. Pathway analyses were performed by assessing caspase activation, PARP cleavage and membrane blebbing (Annexin-V), key components of apoptotic cell death. Single-agent treatment regimens were compared with combination therapy in a preclinical mouse model of pancreatic cancer. The sensitizing effect of XIAP interference toward gemcitabine was confirmed via pharmacological intervention using our recently designed, targeted SMAC mimetic SW IV-134 across a wide range of commonly used pancreatic cancer cell lines at concentrations where the individual drugs showed only minimal activity. On a mechanistic level, we identified involvement of key components of the apoptosis machinery during cell death execution. Furthermore, combination therapy proved superior in decreasing the tumor burden and extending the lives of the animals in a preclinical mouse model of pancreatic cancer. We believe that the strong sensitizing capacity of SW IV-134 in combination with clinically relevant doses of gemcitabine represents a promising treatment option that warrants clinical evaluation.
High-resolution near-field mask repair with femtosecond laser (1998)

Nanonics Lithography has demonstrated in the past a mask repair system based on near field optical technology. The basic system consisted of: (1) Near Field sub system -- Including a Near Field Head and the Near Field Optical Aperture (micro-pipette). (2) An X-Y stage with nanometer level accuracy, resolution and repeatability. (3) A doubled Nd:YAG laser for high resolution Near Field Optical Imaging, beyond the diffraction limits of the YAG laser. (4) A Nano- Second (NS) pulse width Arf Excimer laser for ablation of the Cr defect. The repairs performed with the system based on the above configuration suffered from inherent quality problems of Cr removal homogeneity and quartz substrate penetration. This is due to the relatively long duration of the NS pulse, in which the Cr is ablated by melting and evaporating the film accompanied by significant heat diffusion to the surrounding material. In order to improve the repair quality, we have introduced a Femto Second (FS) laser as the ablation source. In the FS regime the metal is evaporated within a time frame that does not allow heat diffusion to the surrounding material. The resultant cut in the metal is clean, without deposition on the edges and with a very limited effect on the substrate. In this paper, we will discuss the interaction of FS pulses with thin metal films and the integration issues of such a laser with Near Field optics. Cr and CrO ablation results of a programmed defect on masks will be presented. Clean homogeneous repairs of Cr. opaque defects with sharp edges and with minimal (less than 10 - 20 nm) Quartz penetration are also shown. Molten material at the line edge, which was common with the NS laser ablation, is also avoided with the FS laser ablation. The resulting mask repair system provides enhanced Cr. and CrO removal without deposition on the edge and with minimal Quartz effect.
Angiotensin II antagonism fails to ameliorate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice (2005)

Based on current evidence, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta plays a central pathogenic role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. There is growing evidence that angiotensin II can serve as a stimulus for TGF-beta-mediated lung fibrosis. However, the role of angiotensin II in the pathobiology of pulmonary fibrosis in vivo remains unclear and the therapeutic potential for targeting angiotensin II in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model is not well known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether the angiotensin II antagonist, losartan, attenuated the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in two distinct murine strains, C57/BL6 and Sv129. This was determined by histopathology and quantification of collagen content by hydroxyproline assay. Despite demonstrable angiotensin II antagonism in vivo and a reduction in measures of acute lung injury, losartan therapy, at a dose shown to reduce renal and cardiac fibrosis in mice, failed to significantly ameliorate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In conclusion, these data suggest that the pulmonary fibrotic disease process in vivo is not solely dependent on angiotensin II activity and the potential for angiotensin II receptor blockers as a therapeutic strategy in patients with pulmonary fibrosis may be limited.
Real-time reach planning for animated characters using hardware acceleration (2004)

We present a heuristic-based real-time reach planning algorithm for virtual human figures. Given the start and goal positions in a 3D workspace, our problem is to compute a collision-free path that specifies all the configurations for a human arm to move from the start to the goal. Our algorithm consists of three modules: spatial search, inverse kinematics, and collision detection. For the search module, instead of searching in joint configuration space like most existing motion planning methods do, we run a direct search in the workspace, guided by a heuristic distance-to-goal evaluation function. The inverse kinematics module attempts to select natural posture configurations for the arm along the path found in the workspace. During the search, candidate configurations will be checked for collisions taking advantage of the graphics hardware-depth buffer. The algorithm is fast and easy to implement. It allows real-time planning not only in static, structured environments, but also in dynamic, unstructured environments. No preprocessing and prior knowledge about the environment is required. Several examples are shown illustrating the competence of the planner at generating motion plans for a typical human arm model with seven degrees of freedom.
Efficacy of Diclazuril against Turkey Coccidiosis in Dose-Titration Studies (1989)

Diclazuril, a new anticoccidial drug, was tested for its efficacy in turkeys against single Eimeria infections. Dose-titration studies indicated that diclazuril at dosages of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 ppm was highly effective against the major pathogenic species-E. adenoeides, E. gallopavonis, and E. meleagrimitis-in terms of weight gain and suppression of lesions, abnormal droppings, and oocyst shedding.
Sliding-window self-healing key distribution (2003)

We propose a new method for distributing a common key to a dynamic group over an unreliable channel. In [15], an unconditionally secure protocol that solves this problem and has significant advantages over previous work in this area is presented. However, the protocol suffers from inconsistent robustness, high overhead and expensive maintenance costs. We propose a more practical self-healing protocol that attempts to address these three problems. First, we use a sliding window to make error recovery consistently robust. Second, we significantly reduce overhead. Finally, we give the group manager the ability to spread the cost of personal key distribution over multiple sessions, rather than having to distribute new personal keys to all users at the same time.
Intercalation of Sea Urchin Proteins in Calcite: Study of a Crystalline Composite Material (1990)

Sea urchin skeletal elements are composed of single crystals of calcite. Unlike their synthetic counterparts, these crystals do not have well-developed cleavage and are consequently much more resistant to fracture. This phenomenon is due in part to the presence of acidic glycoproteins occluded within the crystals. By means of x-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation, it is shown that the presence of the protein in synthetic calcite only slightly decreases the coherence length but significantly increases the angular spread of perfect domains of the crystals. In biogenic calcite, the coherence length is 1/3 to 1/4 as much as that in synthetic calcite and the angular spread is 20 to 50 times as wide. It is proposed that the presence of macromolecules concentrated at mosaic boundaries that are oblique to deavage planes is responsible for the change in fracture properties. These results may be important in the material sciences, because of the unusual nature of this material, namely, a composite based on the controlled intercalation of macromolecules inside single-crystal lattices.