gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Inhibition of Fetal Androgen Formation: Testosterone Synthesis by Fetal and Newborn Mouse Testes<i>in Vitro</i> (1971)

The capacity of mouse testes to synthesize testosterone during fetal development, and the effects on synthesis of an inhibitor of 3- keto-4-steroid formation, 2α-cyano-4,4,17α-trimethyl- 17β-hydroxy-5-androsten-3-one (WIN) were studied. In fetal rats, WIN inhibited testicular 3 (3-hydroxy-5-steroid dehydrogenase activity and retarded development of the external genitalia (Goldman et al., Proc Soc Exp Biol Med121: 757, 1966). Testes of fetal (14.5 and 17.5 days of gestation) and newborn mice from untreated mothers converted 4-14C-pregnenolone to 14C-testosterone during in vitro incubations. The results demonstrated testicular capacity for steroid metabolism to testosterone during the period of reproductive tract differentiation in mice. WIN, injected at doses of 1.5–7.0 mg/kg body weight into 12.5–15.5 day pregnant mice, exerted no effects on the gross development of the structures of the reproductive tract in either sex or on the conversion of 4-14C-pregnenolone to testosterone by fetal or newborn testes. Fetal resorption occurred at higher concentrations. Since rats are able to tolerate a minimally 15-fold larger dose of WIN without interfering with continued maintainance of pregnancy, a species difference seems to exist in this action of WIN. Administration to pregnant mice of 3-(6-chloro-3-methyl-2-indenyl) pyridine, an inhibitor of 17α-hydroxylase activity, failed to influence development of the reproductive tracts. In additional experiments, 4-14C-pregnenolone, 4-14C-progesterone and 7α- 3H-17α-hydroxypregnenolone were found to be efficient, potential precursors for testosterone synthesis by neonatal mouse testes. (Endocrinology88: 41, 1971)
A Visual Analytics Approach to Segmenting and Labeling Multivariate Time Series Data (2014)

Many natural and industrial processes such as oil well construction are composed of a sequence of recurring activities. Such processes can often be monitored via multiple sensors that record physical measurements over time. Using these measurements, it is sometimes possible to reconstruct the processes by segmenting the respective time series data into intervals that correspond to the constituent activities. While automated algorithms can compute this segmentation rapidly, they cannot always achieve the required accuracy rate e.g. due to process variations that need human judgment to account for. We propose a Visual Analytics approach that intertwines interactive time series visualization with automated algorithms for segmenting and labeling multivariate time series data. Our approach helps domain experts to inspect the results, identify segmentation problems, and correct mislabeled segments accordingly. We demonstrate how our approach is applied in the drilling industry and discuss its applicability to other domains having similar requirements.
Integration profile of retroviral vector in gene therapy treated patients is cell‐specific according to gene expression and chromatin conformation of target cell (2010)

The analysis of genomic distribution of retroviral vectors is a powerful tool to monitor 'vector-on-host' effects in gene therapy (GT) trials but also provides crucial information about 'host-on-vector' influences based on the target cell genetic and epigenetic state. We had the unique occasion to compare the insertional profile of the same therapeutic moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) vector in the context of the adenosine deaminase-severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) genetic background in two GT trials based on infusions of transduced mature lymphocytes (peripheral blood lymphocytes, PBL) or a single infusion of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC). We found that vector insertions are cell-specific according to the differential expression profile of target cells, favouring, in PBL-GT, genes involved in immune system and T-cell functions/pathways as well as T-cell DNase hypersensitive sites, differently from HSC-GT. Chromatin conformations and histone modifications influenced integration preferences but we discovered that only H3K27me3 was cell-specifically disfavoured, thus representing a key epigenetic determinant of cell-type dependent insertion distribution. Our study shows that MLV vector insertional profile is cell-specific according to the genetic/chromatin state of the target cell both in vitro and in vivo in patients several years after GT.
The effect of sildenafil on nitric oxide–mediated vasodilation in healthy men (2001)

In healthy men sildenafil increased sensitivity to nitroglycerin, an exogenous NO donor, approximately 4-fold but did not affect endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated responses in either the hand vein or forearm vasculature. Differential vascular responses to sildenafil may localize its enhancement of endogenous NO-mediated vasodilation to vascular beds such as the corpus cavernosum.
Distributed power systems—benefits and challenges (1994)

Distributed power systems are replacing centralized power systems in many applications where higher distribution efficiency, better load regulation, increased flexibility, maintainability, redundancy, and better power and heat management are the primary considerations. The main challenges of distributed power systems are related to system integration, design of high-density, high-efficiency point-of-load DC/DC conveners, and cost-effectiveness. Various distributed power systems, including both DC and AC bus architectures are discussed.
Adaptive channel estimator for an HF radio link (1989)

A simple estimator designed for a 2400-b/s modem is a development of the conventional gradient estimator and uses a polynomial filter that gives a prediction of the channel response. A description is given of new estimators that are developments of the simple estimator but make no use of any knowledge of the number of different paths. The new estimators have performances intermediate between those of the simple and improved estimators, but are only a little more complex than the simple estimator. The new estimators are studied for a particular QPSK modem that operates at 4800 b/s over voiceband HF radio links. Results of computer simulation tests are presented, comparing the accuracies of the channel estimates given by different estimators, and hence suggesting the most suitable of these.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automated CAE tools for full custom design of bipolar analog ASICs (2002)

CAE tools for use in design of bipolar analog ICS with the analog FASTRACK design system are discussed. Two tools, device design and autogen, automatically design and lay out a full-custom transistor. The statistical analysis and modeling (SAM) tool is used to generate model parameter values for a variety of deterministic and statistical simulation modes. A tool for automated synthesis of IC macromodels (ASIM) is provided to create macro/behavioral models of analog and digital blocks for up to 100 times faster circuit-level simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of molecular techniques to evaluate the survival of a microorganism injected into an aquifer (1994)

A PCR primer set and an internal probe that are specific for Pseudomonas sp. strain B13, a 3-chlorobenzoate-metabolizing strain, were developed. Using this primer set and probe, we were able to detect Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 DNA sequences in DNA extracted from aquifer samples 14.5 months after Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 had been injected into a sand and gravel aquifer. This primer set and probe were also used to analyze isolates from 3-chlorobenzoate enrichments of the aquifer samples by Southern blot analysis. Hybridization of Southern blots with the Pseudomonas sp. strain B13-specific probe and a catabolic probe in conjunction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of ribosome genes was used to determine that viable Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 persisted in this environment. We isolated a new 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading strain from one of these enrichment cultures. The B13-specific probe does not hybridize to DNA from this isolate. The new strain could be the result of gene exchange between Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 and an indigenous bacterium. This speculation is based on an RFLP pattern of ribosome genes that differs from that of Pseudomonas sp. strain B13, the fact that identically sized restriction fragments hybridized to the catabolic gene probe, and the absence of any enrichable 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading strains in the aquifer prior to inoculation.
Preclinical safety and efficacy of an anti–HIV-1 lentiviral vector containing a short hairpin RNA to CCR5 and the C46 fusion inhibitor (2014)

Gene transfer has therapeutic potential for treating HIV-1 infection by generating cells that are resistant to the virus. We have engineered a novel self-inactivating lentiviral vector, LVsh5/C46, using two viral-entry inhibitors to block early steps of HIV-1 cycle. The LVsh5/C46 vector encodes a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for downregulation of CCR5, in combination with the HIV-1 fusion inhibitor, C46. We demonstrate here the effective delivery of LVsh5/C46 to human T cell lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, primary CD4(+) T lymphocytes, and CD34(+) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC). CCR5-targeted shRNA (sh5) and C46 peptide were stably expressed in the target cells and were able to effectively protect gene-modified cells against infection with CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic strains of HIV-1. LVsh5/C46 treatment was nontoxic as assessed by cell growth and viability, was noninflammatory, and had no adverse effect on HSPC differentiation. LVsh5/C46 could be produced at a scale sufficient for clinical development and resulted in active viral particles with very low mutagenic potential and the absence of replication-competent lentivirus. Based on these in vitro results, plus additional in vivo safety and efficacy data, LVsh5/C46 is now being tested in a phase 1/2 clinical trial for the treatment of HIV-1 disease.
Tape Casting of Fine Alumina/Zirconia Powders for Composite Fabrication (1994)

Ceramic films, containing AI 2 O 3 , with up to 40 vol% ZrO 2 , have been fabricated using the tape casting process. Finer powders (average mean diameter of 250–300 nm) than have generally been reported for tape casting were used in this study. The optimum formulation for tape casting is affected substantially by decreasing particle size. For example, the amount of dispersant needed is increased. Moreover, the amount of plasticizer/binder must be increased so as to maintain the solids content in the dried tapes below a critical level (about 55 vol% in this case), which decreases with particle size. Rheological studies on the effectiveness of menhaden fish oil and phosphate ester as dispersants show that phosphate ester can be used in lower concentrations, for the preparation of higher solids loading slurries, and was therefore selected for further study. The amount of dispersant required to obtain minimum slurry viscosity was found to be primarily dependent upon the effective particle surface area, defined as that available to the dispersant molecules. In the case of particles composed of agglomerated crystallites (such as the ZrO 2 , powder used here), this may be considerably less than that measured by nitrogen absorption. Moreover, the porous internal structure of such powders is filled with solvent, which increases the effective solids loading of the slurry, and thus its viscosity. Particle morphology also influences the packing efficiency; i.e., the green density decreases as ZrO 2 , is added.
Prediction and Reduction of Motion Artifacts in Free-Breathing Dynamic Contrast Enhanced CT Perfusion Imaging of Primary and Metastatic Intrahepatic Tumors (2013)

Patients can breathe freely during hepatic perfusion imaging if retrospective motion correction is applied to reduce motion artifacts. RMSD provides a regional assessment of motion induced artifacts in liver perfusion maps.
Fixed-biased pseudorandom built-in self-test for random pattern resistant circuits (2002)

In this paper we present a new test per clock BIST technique that provides 100% fault coverage of detectable single stuck-at faults for random pattern resistant circuits with low test application time and limited hardware overhead. The technique uses selective bit-fixing plus biased pseudorandom patterns and is referred to as fixed-biased pseudorandom BIST. An automatic design tool (FBIST) specifies the necessary information for implementation of the BIST hardware. The amount of hardware overhead introduced is controlled by user specified parameters and can therefore meet varying design specifications. Since the proposed technique relies on bit-fixing, we present a new scan cell which supports bit-fixing. Results are presented for combinational benchmark circuits and comparisons made with prior techniques with respect to test application time and hardware overhead.
NastyBugs: A simple method for extracting antimicrobial resistance information from metagenomes (2017)

<ns4:p>Multidrug resistant bacteria are becoming a major threat to global public health. While there are many possible causes for this, there have so far been few adequate solutions to this problem. One of the major causes is a lack of clinical tools for efficient selection of an antibiotic in a reliable way. NastyBugs is a new program that can identify what type of antimicrobial resistance is most likely present in a metagenomic sample, which will allow for both smarter drug selection by clinicians and faster research in an academic environment.</ns4:p>
Long-term inhibition of glioma growth by systemic administration of human PEX. (2003)

These data indicate that human PEX controls tumor growth by separate mechanisms. In addition, treatment with PEX produced well delineated tumors, indicating the persistence of a direct anti-invasive effect of the molecule even after a prolonged period of treatment.
Parasiticidal effect of clindamycin on Toxoplasma gondii grown in cultured cells and selection of a drug-resistant mutant (1992)

Clindamycin, which has been reported to have no significant in vitro activity against Toxoplasma gondii, actually markedly inhibits the growth of this parasite in infected human fibroblasts. When measured 3 days after treatment, the concentration required to reduce parasite growth by 50% is about 1 ng/ml. Some observers failed to note this inhibition because of its markedly delayed onset. At 6 ng/ml, clindamycin is parasiticidal, and the rate and extent of parasite killing increase with higher drug concentrations. With the aid of chemical mutagenesis, we isolated a parasite mutant that is approximately 100-fold more resistant to clindamycin than is the wild type. Lincomycin inhibits T. gondii at a higher 50% inhibitory concentration, about 100 ng/ml. The clindamycin-resistant mutant is partially cross-resistant to lincomycin.
CD21 augments antigen presentation in immune individuals (1997)

CD21 (complement receptor 2, CR2) binds the C3 degradation products, iC3b and C3d, which are covalently linked to antigen or immune complexes in the process of complement activation. The ability of antigen-nonspecific B cells to present immune complexes containing high titers of acquired antibodies was tested. Influenza virus was incubated with serum from immune donors to create complement-containing complexes. These bound specifically to CD21 on transfected fibroblasts and B cell lines, as measured by microcytofluorimetry. Binding of immune complexes was ablated by inactivation of serum complement. In addition, the immunoglobulin in immune human serum blocked influenza binding to cells in the absence of complement, implying a minimal role for immunoglobulin-Fc receptor interactions in this system. Significant immune complex binding required a threshold level of CD21 expression, suggesting that only those cells with the highest levels of CD21 are likely to participate in the processing of macromolecular antigens. B cells pulsed with complement-influenza complexes elicited an augmented response from a panel of influenza-specific, class II-restricted T cell clones, as compared with those which had bound immunoglobulin-influenza complexes lacking complement. This enhanced response did not require CD35. In addition, B cell lines expressing higher levels of CD21 were more efficient in processing antigen than those with lower levels. These findings suggest that presentation of antigen by B cells in immune individuals is dependent on the binding of complement-antigen immune complexes to CD21.
Ammonia metabolism (1978)

The pathways responsible for an the mechanisms underlying the adaptive increase in ammonia production in response to acidosis are considered. It seems unlikely that the cytosolic pathways (glutamine synthetase, glutaminase II, phosphate-independent glutaminase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase) are of primary importance in the adaptive process, but the role of the purine nucleotide cycle has not been resolved. The intramitochondrially located phosphate-dependent glutaminase pathway is generally believed to be of primary importance. Adaptation involved either enhanced glutamine entry into the mitrochondria and/or activation of phosphate-dependent glutaminase, but the relative importance of each has not been resolved definitively. The overall adaptive response is probably modulated by factors regulating alpha-ketoglutarate metabolism to phosphoenolpyruvate, and possibly also by metabolism of TCA cycle intermediates. It seems unlikely that a decrease in systemic pH is the direct effector for the acidosis-induced increase in ammonia formation; however, the resulting decrease in urine pH may play a critical role. Other potential messengers, including potassium, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, cyclic AMP, and calcium probably do not serve a primary function, but the importance of other circulating factor(s) is unclear.
Neutralization epitope responsible for the hepatitis B virus subtype-specific protection in chimpanzees (2006)

Neutralizing monoclonal antibody (BX-182) directed against the d determinant of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen protected chimpanzees from infection by HBV subtype adw but not by subtype ayw, as demonstrated by intravenously inoculating a mixture of the antibody with the respective subtype of the virus. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the subtype-specific protection, a combinatorial approach of screening random peptide phage libraries, bioinformatics, and structure analysis was used in this study to identify the neutralization epitope responsible for the observed protection. The epitope was mapped at the N terminus of the pre-S1 region of the hepatitis B surface antigen between residues 17 and 21, of which the residues Val-18/Pro-19 were critical for antibody binding. Alignment of amino acid sequences derived from diverse genetic variants of HBV revealed that the epitope was present in ad subtypes and in their corresponding genotypes A, B, C, F, and H. By contrast, this epitope was not found in a majority of ay subtypes or in genotypes D, E, and G, where the antigenic residues Val-18/Pro-19 within the epitope were replaced by Thr/Ser, Thr/Thr, or Ala/Ser, respectively, resulting in a drastic conformational change of the epitope. These data indicate that, by binding discriminately to the subtype "d" epitope in the pre-S1 region, neutralizing antibody BX-182 protects chimpanzees from HBV infection in a subtype-specific manner, suggesting a potential escape mechanism for HBV genetic variants.
Evidence for an essential role of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase in animal cell proliferation (1991)

Triacsins A, B, C, and D are new inhibitors of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.3) and possess different inhibitory potencies against the enzyme (Tomoda, H., Igarashi, K., and Omura, S. (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 921, 595-598). Acyl-CoA synthetase activity in the membrane fraction of Raji cells was also inhibited by triacsins. The same hierarchy of inhibitory potency as that against the enzyme from other sources, triacsin C greater than triacsin A much greater than triacsin D greater than or equal to triacsin B, was observed. When Raji cells were cultivated in the presence of triacsins, cell proliferation was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion. The drug concentrations required for 50% inhibition of cell growth at day 2 were calculated to be 1.8 microM for triacsin A, much greater than 20 microM for triacsin B, 1.0 microM for triacsin C, and much greater than 15 microM for triacsin D, demonstrating a hierarchy for inhibitory potency of triacsins similar to that against the acyl-CoA synthetase activity. To understand the role of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase in animal cells, the effect of triacsins on the lipid metabolism of Raji cells was studied. When intact Raji cells were incubated with [14C]oleate in the presence of individual triacsins, the incorporation of [14C]oleate into each of the lipid fractions such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and triacylglycerol was inhibited to an analogous extent. A common hierarchy, triacsin C greater than triacsin A much greater than triacsin D greater than triacsin B, was shown for the inhibition in each synthesis of the three lipids, which was identical with that for acyl-CoA synthetase. These findings indicate that the inhibition of acyl-CoA synthetase is well correlated with the inhibition of lipid synthesis. Taken together, the data strongly suggest that the inhibition of acyl-CoA synthetase by triacsins leads to the inhibition of lipid synthesis and eventually to the inhibition of proliferation of Raji cells.
Detection of Destructively Distilled Wood Turpentine in Other Kinds of Turpentine by Means of Aniline Point (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetection of Destructively Distilled Wood Turpentine in Other Kinds of Turpentine by Means of Aniline PointSidney R. Snider and Harold N. BursteinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1944, 16, 10, 603–605Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560134a002https://doi.org/10.1021/i560134a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts