gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Formalization for Specifying and Implementing Correct Pull-Stream Modules (2018)

Pull-stream is a JavaScript demand-driven functional design pattern based on callback functions that enables the creation and easy composition of independent modules that are used to create streaming applications. It is used in popular open source projects and the community around it has created over a hundred compatible modules. While the description of the pull-stream design pattern may seem simple, it does exhibit complicated termination cases. Despite the popularity and large uptake of the pull-stream design pattern, there was no existing formal specification that could help programmers reason about the correctness of their implementations. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is to provide a formalization for specifying and implementing correct pull-stream modules based on the following: (1) we show the pull-stream design pattern is a form of declarative concurrent programming; (2) we present an event-based protocol language that supports our formalization, independently of JavaScript; (3) we provide the first precise and explicit definition of the expected sequences of events that happen at the interface of two modules, which we call the pull-stream protocol; (4) we specify reference modules that exhibit the full range of behaviors of the pull-stream protocol; (5) we validate our definitions against the community expectations by testing the existing core pull-stream modules against them and identify unspecified behaviors in existing modules. Our approach helps to better understand the pull-stream protocol, to ensure interoperability of community modules, and to concisely and precisely specify new pull-stream abstractions in papers and documentation.
Chemoenzymatische Synthese eines sialylierten Undecasaccharid‐Asparagins (1996)

Eine Teilstruktur vieler Glycoproteine , das komplexe Undecasaccharid‐Asparagin‐Konjugat 1 , konnte erstmals durch Totalsynthese dargestellt werden. Entscheidend war die Kombination moderner chemischer und enzymatischer Synthesemethoden, um die Gesamtstufenzahl zu reduzieren und eine sichere Entschützung zu ermöglichen. magnified image
Electrostatic painting of plastics using metal backing (2003)

The authors explain theoretically and experimentally the fundamental differences between spraying metal and plastic panels electrostatically. Mechanisms of charge dissipation from plastic surfaces are discussed, and a simple method is proposed for determining the electrostatic sprayability of plastic substrates. Using a one-dimensional analytical model, it is shown that the effect of charge accumulation can be minimized by appropriately placing a grounded metal backing behind the plastic substrate. Experiments were conducted in a spray booth environment, and the results showed good agreement with those predicted theoretically. Special metal backings with indentations and gaps were used to show that a mismatch between the plastic substrate and its metal backing can have a visually observable effect on the quality of the paint finish.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characteristics of silicon nitride deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using a dual frequency radio-frequency source (1992)

We have studied the effect of plasma excitation frequency on the properties of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon nitride films. The use of two radio-frequency sources, one at 270 kHz and the other at 13.56 MHz, enabled us to vary film properties such as stress by altering the amount of power supplied by each source. The low-frequency excitation was seen to favor the formation of N—H bonds in the deposited film. The relative amounts of N—H and Si—H bonds in the film were found to determine many of the film properties such as stress, conduction and wet etch rate.
No-Reference Blur Assessment of Digital Pictures Based on Multifeature Classifiers (2010)

In this paper, we address the problem of no-reference quality assessment for digital pictures corrupted with blur. We start with the generation of a large real image database containing pictures taken by human users in a variety of situations, and the conduction of subjective tests to generate the ground truth associated to those images. Based upon this ground truth, we select a number of high quality pictures and artificially degrade them with different intensities of simulated blur (gaussian and linear motion), totalling 6000 simulated blur images. We extensively evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art strategies for no-reference blur quantification in different blurring scenarios, and propose a paradigm for blur evaluation in which an effective method is pursued by combining several metrics and low-level image features. We test this paradigm by designing a no-reference quality assessment algorithm for blurred images which combines different metrics in a classifier based upon a neural network structure. Experimental results show that this leads to an improved performance that better reflects the images' ground truth. Finally, based upon the real image database, we show that the proposed method also outperforms other algorithms and metrics in realistic blur scenarios.
A novel adaptive pattern recognition model with sparse associative memory networks (1991)

On the basis of WISARD (an n-tuple adaptive pattern recognition system) and SDM (sparse distributed memory) models, the authors suggest a novel two-layered adaptive system in which the n-tuple recognition principle in WISARD is still followed and RAMs are n-tuple size in a larger range without the limitation of the cost. Experiments on Chinese character recognition have shown the feasibility of the model. >
Noxious gas detection using carbon nanotubes with Pd nanoparticles (2011)

Noxious gas sensors were fabricated using carbon nanotubes [CNTs] with palladium nanoparticles [Pd NPs]. An increase in the resistance was observed under ammonia for both CNTs and CNT-Pd sensors. Under carbon monoxide [CO], the two sensors exhibited different behaviors: for CNT sensors, their resistance decreased slightly with CO exposure, whereas CNT-Pd sensors showed an increase in resistance. The sensing properties and effect of Pd NPs were demonstrated, and CNT-Pd sensors with good repeatability and fast responses over a range of concentrations may be used as a simple and effective noxious gas sensor at room temperature.
Passive Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage with Limestone (1994)

Abstract The water treatment performances of two anoxic limestone drains (ALDs) were evaluated. Anoxic limestone drains are buried beds of limestone that are intended to add bicarbonate alkalinity to flow‐through acid mine drainage. Both ALDs received mine water contaminated with Fe 2+ (216–279 mg L −1 ) and Mn (41–51 mg L −1 ). Flow through the Howe Bridge ALD increased alkalinity by an average 128 mg L −1 (CaCO 3 equivalent) and Ca by 52 mg L −1 , while concentrations of Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, and SO 2− 4 were unchanged. The Morrison ALD increased alkalinity by an average 248 mg L −1 and Ca by 111 mg L −1 . Concentrations of K, Mg, Mn, and SO 2− 4 all decreased by an average 17%, an effect attributed to dilution with uncontaminated water. Iron, which decreased by 30%, was partially retained within the Morrison ALD. Calcite dissolution was enhanced at both sites by high P CO2 . Untreated mine waters at the Howe Bridge and Morrison sites had average calculated P CO2 values of 6.39 kPa (10 −1.20 atm) and 9.24 kPa (10 −1.04 atm), respectively. At both sites, concentrations of bicarbonate alkalinity stabilized at undersaturated values (SI Calcite = 10 −1.2 at Howe Bridge and 10 −0.8 at Morrison) after flowing through approximately half of the limestone beds. Flow through the second half of each ALD had little additional effect on mine water chemistry. At the current rates of calcite solubilization, 17.9 kg d −1 CaCO 3 at Howe Bridge and 2.7 kg d −1 CaCO 3 at Morrison, the ALDs have theoretical effective lifetimes in excess of 20 yr. By significantly increasing alkalinity concentrations in the mine waters, both ALDs increased metal removal in downstream constructed wetlands.
Conditions to improve expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells based on rat samples (2012)

We improved the isolation and expansion of human bone marrow derived MSCs, based on rat sample experiments, for further experimental and clinical use.
Application of Division Arrest Technology to Cell-Based HTS: Comparison with Frozen and Fresh Cells (2005)

Cell-based functional assays are becoming popular in many HTS laboratories because of recent advances in detection and automation technologies. However, the supply of large amounts of live cells with consistent cellular response for day-to-day screening operations over several days/weeks is a tremendous challenge. The high cost of cell culture, labor-intensive nature of the work, and inherent variability in cellular responses from time to time tend to be prohibitive for extensive applications of cell-based assays in HTS. We therefore tested division-arrested cells that were prepared in a single batch and frozen at -80 degrees C before use in several cell-based assays and in a robotic screening campaign. Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing a Gq-coupled receptor were analyzed for the agonist-induced intracellular Ca2+ response measured on a fluorescent imaging plate reader. In this case, the division-arrested cells showed consistent agonist-induced intracellular Ca2+ concentration response as reflected by signal-to-basal ratio and EC50 even 48 h after cell plating. In comparison, the responses from untreated frozen cells and fresh cells declined significantly approximately 30 h after cell plating. In other cell-based assays tested (cyclic AMP assay, reporter gene beta-lactamase assay, and ion-channel assay), the division-arrested cells performed as well as frozen, or fresh cells. We thus conclude that the use of alternate strategies such as frozen cells or division-arrested cells may alleviate the need for several batches of cell plating each day during HTS while maintaining the desired robotic throughput and assay quality.
Meiosis activating sterols (MAS) and fertility in mammals and man (1999)

In mammals two meiosis activating sterols (MAS) have been found to activate meiotic resumption in mouse oocytes, in vitro. FF-MAS (4, 4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-triene-3beta-ol) was extracted from human preovulatory follicular fluid and T-MAS (4, 4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-8,24-diene-3beta-ol) from bull testicular tissue. Quite unexpected, these two sterols, which introduce the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway from lanosterol, may be locally acting substances with important physiological function for reproduction. FF-MAS and T-MAS are present in the preovulatory follicular fluid of different mammalian species and have the capacity to initiate resumption of meiosis in mouse oocyte cultured in the presence of hypoxanthine, a natural meiosis maturation inhibitor. FF-MAS is produced by the cumulus cells of intact oocyte-cumulus complexes upon FSH-stimulation and provides the oocyte with a go-signal for the resumption of meiosis. T-MAS constitutes the vast majority of MAS found in the mammalian testis and in the human ejaculate; in particular a high concentration is found in the spermatozoa. T-MAS may be produced by the spermatids and the presence of T-MAS in spermatozoa may suggest that T-MAS plays a role in fertilization by affecting the second meiotic division.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 285:237-242, 1999.
Database update GeneCards Version 3: the human gene integrator (2013)

GeneCards (www.genecards.org) is a comprehensive, authoritative compendium of annotative information about human genes, widely used for nearly 15 years. Its gene-centric content is automatically mined and integrated from over 80 digital sources, resulting in a web-based deep-linked card for each of&gt;73 000 human gene entries, encompassing the following categories: protein coding, pseudogene, RNA gene, genetic locus, cluster and uncategorized. We now introduce GeneCards Version 3, featuring a speedy and sophisticated search engine and a revamped, technologically enabling infrastructure, catering to the expanding needs of biomedical researchers. A key focus is on gene-set analyses, which leverage GeneCards’ unique wealth of combinatorial annotations. These include the GeneALaCart batch query facility, which tabulates user-selected annotations for multiple genes and GeneDecks, which identifies similar genes with shared annotations,
1.3 m tapered active stripe lasers with high slope efficiency and large beam spot-size (1997)

1.3 μm tapered active stripe lasers have been developed for obtaining high slope efficiency and reducing the output beam divergence. The slope efficiency as high as 0.46W/A is obtained for a front facet of uncoated LDs. The output power ratio of front to rear facets can be controlled by tailoring the nontaper length in two sectional active geometry without additional coating process.
Control of arterial tone after long‐term coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> supplementation in senescent rats (1998)

1. Age-associated deterioration of arterial function may result from long-lasting oxidative stress. Since coenzyme Q (Q10) has been suggested to protect the vascular endothelium from free radical-induced damage, we investigated the effects of long-term dietary Q10 supplementation on arterial function in senescent Wistar rats. 2. At 16 months of age, 18 rats were divided into two groups. The control group was kept on a standard diet while the other group was supplemented with Q10 (10 mg kg(-1) day(-1)). In addition, nine rats (age 2 months) also ingesting a standard diet were used as the young control group. After 8 study weeks the responses of the mesenteric arterial rings in vitro were examined. 3. Endothelium-independent arterial relaxations to isoprenaline and nitroprusside (SNP) were attenuated in aged rats. Increased dietary Q10 clearly enhanced the relaxation to isoprenaline, but did not affect the response to SNP. In addition, vasodilation of noradrenaline-precontracted rings to acetylcholine (ACh), which was also impaired in aged vessels, was improved after Q10 supplementation. Cyclooxygenase inhibition with diclofenac enhanced the relaxation to ACh only in young rats, while it abolished the difference between the old controls and Q10 supplemented rats, suggesting that the improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation observed in Q10 supplemented rats was largely mediated by prostacyclin (PGI2). 4. In conclusion, long-term Q10 supplementation improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation and enhanced beta-adrenoceptor-mediated arterial relaxation in senescent Wistar rats. The mechanisms underlying the improvement of endothelial function may have included augmented endothelial production of PGI2, increased sensitivity of smooth muscle to PGI2, or both.
Exploring Diminished Reality (DR) Spaces to Augment the Attention of Individuals with Autism (2015)

The emerging paradigm of attentive user interfaces (AUI) focuses on solutions for optimizing human-computer interaction to meet users' needs while also regulating human-human communication by orienting attention or filtering communication. Using a similar approach, we believe that AUIs may benefit attention disorder challenges of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who are adversely affected by continuously changing surroundings or distracting visual incidents even when no technologies are involved. With this perspective, we carried out eight participative design workshops with interaction designers and ASD domain experts aiming to explore possible AUI solutions for ASD individuals. Interestingly, these studies yielded a novel AUI concept consisting of a mirror-like wall interface filtering out irrelevant visual information from real-time capture of a space. This paper presents some future applications of DR and discusses related human factors. A contribution of this paper is early insights from the set of eight workshops.
A Practical Guide to Polygon Mesh Repairing (2012)

Digital 3D models are key components in many industrial and scientific sectors. In numerous domains polygonmeshes have become a de facto standard for model representation. In practice meshes often have a number ofdefects and flaws that make them incompatible with quality requirements of specific applications. Hence, repairingsuch defects in order to achieve compatibility is a highly important task - in academic as well as industrial applications. In this tutorial we first systematically analyze typical application contexts together with their requirementsand issues, as well as the various types of defects that typically play a role. Subsequently, we considerexisting techniques to process, repair, and improve the structure, geometry, and topology of imperfect meshes,aiming at making them appropriate to case-by-case requirements. We present seminal works and key algorithms,discuss extensions and improvements, and analyze the respective advantages and disadvantages depending onthe application context. Furthermore, we outline directions where further research is particularly important orpromising.
Drop Velocity from an Ink-Jet Nozzle (1983)

An empirical equation is presented which predicts the velocity produced by a pressurized ink-jet nozzle. This equation, which has a simple exponential form, expresses the velocity in terms of two empirical constants; the fluid parameters of pressure, viscosity, and density; and the nozzle parameters of length and diameter. Velocities calculated with this equation are compared graphically to several sets of experimental data.
Dislocation-free formation of relaxed SiGe-on-insulator layers (2002)

We demonstrate the fabrication of dislocation-free strain-relaxed SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) layers as virtual substrates for strained Si-on-insulator (SOI) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) by forming SiGe-mesa structures and successive oxidation. A pseudomorphic Si0.9Ge0.1 layer on a SOI layer was etched to form mesa structures. After the oxidation of the mesas, thin (&lt;100 nm) Si0.85Ge0.15 mesa structures were formed on the buried oxide layer. It was found that the mesas with a diameter smaller than 3 μm were almost completely relaxed after oxidation at 1200 °C, without generating any threading dislocations and crosshatch patterns, which generally exist in the relaxed SiGe layers on bulk Si substrates. The formation of SGOI mesas before oxidation has the potential to provide ideal SGOI virtual substrates for strained SOI MOSFETs.
Cadmium Binding by Fractions of Dissolved Organic Matter and Humic Substances from Municipal Solid Waste Compost (2002)

The agricultural practice of amending soils with composted municipal solid waste (MSW) adds significant amounts of organic matter and trace metals, including Cd. Under these conditions, soluble organic complexes of Cd formed in the compost may be more significant than previously thought, due to Cd bioavailability and mobility in the soil environment. To study the relative importance of different types of organic ligands in MSW compost for the binding of Cd, six fractions of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in addition to humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) were extracted and their complexation of Cd quantified at pH 7 using an ion-selective electrode (ISE). The highest complexing capacities (CC) for Cd were found for the most humified ligands: HA (2386 micromol Cd g(-1) C of ligand), predialyzed FA (2468 micromol Cd g(-1) C), and HoA, a fulvic-type, easily soluble fraction (1042 micromol Cd g(-1) C). The differences in CC for Cd of the various organic ligands were not directly related to total acid-titratable or carboxylic groups, indicating the importance of sterical issues and other functional groups. The strength of association between Cd and the organic ligands was characterized by calculating stability constants for binding at the strongest sites (pK(int)) and modeling the distribution of binding site strengths. The pK(int) values of the DOM fractions ranged between 6.93 (HiN: polysaccharides) and 8.11 (HiB: proteins and aminosugars), compared with 10.05 for HA and 7.98 for FA. Hence, the highly complex and only partially soluble organic molecules from compost such as HA and FA demonstrated the highest capacity to sequester Cd. However, strong Cd binding of organic ligands containing N-functional groups (HiB) in addition to a high CC of soluble, humified ligands like HoA indicated the relevance of these fractions for the organic complexation of Cd in solution.
Synthesis of carbon nanotubes using screen‐printing catalyst and its application for a field emission device (2010)

Abstract Iron nitrate (Fe(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O) catalyst is screen‐printed over silicon substrates and efficiently utilized to catalyze the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The concentration of iron nitrate influences the particle size distribution of the Fe catalyst, which determines the morphology of the obtained CNT arrays. H 2 is introduced in varying concentrations in a CH 4 /N 2 mixed gas during the synthesis of the CNTs, from which CNTs with uniform diameter distribution are grown. A field emission device that employs CNTs as emitters exhibits a current density of 9 mA/cm 2 at an electrical field of 1.2 V/μm. This work demonstrates the potential to synthesize CNTs using a screen‐printed catalyst, which is a requirement for field emitter application at a large size. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
IBN MUYASSAR, Choix de passages de la Chronique d'Egypte, sélection faite par Taqiyy al-dîn Ahmad b. 'Alî al-MAQRIZI. Edité et présenté par Ayman Fu'âd SAYYID. I.F.A.O., Le Caire 1981 (1987)

"IBN MUYASSAR, Choix de passages de la Chronique d'Egypte, sélection faite par Taqiyy al-dîn Ahmad b. 'Alî al-MAQRIZI. Edité et présenté par Ayman Fu'âd SAYYID. I.F.A.O., Le Caire 1981" published on 01 Jan 1987 by Brill.
A polarized relay as an aircraft control element (1948)

In order to be suitable for use as an aircraft control element a polarized relay must have characteristics enabling it to meet environmental conditions and performance requirements. The characteristics of a currently used polarized relay having single-pole double-throw normally open contacts, and an inherently well balanced floating armature supported by a torsional spring, may be summarized as follows: 1. Sensitivity. Relays have been produced requiring an input of 40 microwatts (1.3 ampere-turns) to close the contacts. Somewhat less sensitivity has been found preferable for many applications.
Ordering Pipelined Query Operators with Precedence Constraints (2005)

We consider the problem of optimally arranging a collection of query operators into a pipelined execution plan in the presence of precedence constraints among the operators. The goal of our optimization is to maximize the rate at which input data items can be processed through the pipelined plan. We consider two different scenarios: one in which each operator is fixed to run on a separate machine, and the other in which all operators run on the same machine. Due to parallelism in the former scenario, the cost of a plan is given by the maximum (or bottleneck) cost incurred by any operator in the plan. In the latter scenario, the cost of a plan is given by the sum of the costs incurred by the operators in the plan. These two different cost metrics lead to fundamentally different optimization problems: Under the bottleneck cost metric, we give a general, polynomial-time greedy algorithm that always finds the optimal plan. However, under the sum cost metric, the problem is much harder: We show that it is unlikely that any polynomial-time algorithm can approximate the optimal plan to within a factor smaller than O(n θ), where n is the number of operators, and θ is some positive constant. Finally, under the sum cost metric, for the special case when the selectivity of each operator lies in [ǫ, 1 − ǫ], we give an algorithm that produces a 2-approximation to the optimal plan but has running time exponential in 1/ǫ. 1.