gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Querying XML using structures and keywords in timber (2003)

This demonstration will describe how Timber, a native XML database system, has been extended with the capability to answer XML-style structured queries (e.g., XQuery) with embedded IR-style keyword-based non-boolean conditions. With the original structured query processing engine and the IR extensions built into the system, Timber is well suited for efficiently and effectively processing queries with both structural and textual content constraints.
Power management system design modelling of optical multi-wavelength transport networks (2002)

The paper discusses the power management design of multi-wavelength optical transparent networks. A node isolation principle is identified to be a key requirement. Two basic network power management strategies, using active gain controlled and loss controlled equalisations respectively, are analysed and modelled based on a multi-wavelength transport network example and it is established that the loss controlled method is superior. The effects of varied signal bit-rate, network node component losses are also modelled for this scheme. Design guidelines obtained from the present work are believed to be of general applicability to other generic multi-wavelength optical cross-connect networks.
Mastoparan, a G Protein Agonist Peptide, Differentially Modulates TLR4- and TLR2-Mediated Signaling in Human Endothelial Cells and Murine Macrophages (2005)

Previous studies have implicated a role for heterotrimeric G protein-coupled signaling in B cells, monocytes, and macrophages stimulated with LPS and have shown that G proteins coimmunoprecipitate with membrane-bound CD14. In this study, we have extended these observations in human dermal microvessel endothelial cells (HMEC) that lack membrane-bound CD14 and in murine macrophages to define further the role of heterotrimeric G proteins in TLR signaling. Using the wasp venom-derived peptide, mastoparan, to disrupt G protein-coupled signaling, we identified a G protein-dependent signaling pathway in HMEC stimulated with TLR4 agonists that is necessary for the activation of p38 phosphorylation and kinase activity, NF-kappaB and IL-6 transactivation, and IL-6 secretion. In contrast, HMEC activation by TLR2 agonists, TNF-alpha, or IL-1beta was insensitive to mastoparan. In the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, and in primary murine macrophages, G protein dysregulation by mastoparan resulted in significant inhibition of LPS-induced signaling leading to both MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent gene expression, while TLR2-mediated gene expression was not significantly inhibited. In addition to inhibition of TLR4-mediated MAPK phosphorylation in macrophages, mastoparan blunted IL-1R-associated kinase-1 kinase activity induced by LPS, but not by TLR2 agonists, yet failed to affect phosphorylation of Akt by phosphoinositol-3-kinase induced by either TLR2- or TLR4-mediated signaling. These data confirm the importance of heterotrimeric G proteins in TLR4-mediated responses in cells that use either soluble or membrane-associated CD14 and reveal a level of TLR and signaling pathway specificity not previously appreciated.
<i>N</i>-arachidonoyl<scp>l</scp>-serine, an endocannabinoid-like brain constituent with vasodilatory properties (2006)

The endocannabinoid N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (anandamide), found both in the CNS and in the periphery, plays a role in numerous physiological systems. One might expect that the chemically related N-arachidonoyl-L-serine (ARA-S) could also be formed alongside anandamide. We have now isolated ARA-S from bovine brain and elucidated its structure by comparison with synthetic ARA-S. Contrary to anandamide, ARA-S binds very weakly to cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 or vanilloid TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) receptors. However, it produces endothelium-dependent vasodilation of rat isolated mesenteric arteries and abdominal aorta and stimulates phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and protein kinase B/Akt in cultured endothelial cells. ARA-S also suppresses LPS-induced formation of TNF-alpha in a murine macrophage cell line and in wild-type mice, as well as in mice deficient in CB1 or CB2 receptors. Many of these effects parallel those reported for abnormal cannabidiol (Abn-CBD), a synthetic agonist of a putative novel cannabinoid-type receptor. Hence, ARA-S may represent an endogenous agonist for this receptor.
Comparison of current flash EEPROM erasing methods: stability and how to control (1992)

The effects of process and device parameter fluctuations of flash EEPROM cells on the flash-erasing instabilities are systematically investigated using a simple analytical model and numerical simulation. Among various erase methods, the High voltage Source with grounded Erase (HSE) method is the most stable scheme for the control of erasing speed and erased threshold voltage distribution. The stability of HSE is caused by the reduced electric field fluctuations associated with cell parameter variations, due to the source bias effect, especially at the final stage of erasing. It is also found that the recently proposed self-convergence scheme is an effective tool for suppressing the erased-V/sub t/ distribution width, and that negative gate erase designs equipped with this method will be a powerful vehicle for the next generation scaled flash devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Control-Flow Integrity (2017)

Memory corruption errors in C/C++ programs remain the most common source of security vulnerabilities in today’s systems. Control-flow hijacking attacks exploit memory corruption vulnerabilities to divert program execution away from the intended control flow. Researchers have spent more than a decade studying and refining defenses based on Control-Flow Integrity (CFI); this technique is now integrated into several production compilers. However, so far, no study has systematically compared the various proposed CFI mechanisms nor is there any protocol on how to compare such mechanisms. We compare a broad range of CFI mechanisms using a unified nomenclature based on (i) a qualitative discussion of the conceptual security guarantees, (ii) a quantitative security evaluation, and (iii) an empirical evaluation of their performance in the same test environment. For each mechanism, we evaluate (i) protected types of control-flow transfers and (ii) precision of the protection for forward and backward edges. For open-source, compiler-based implementations, we also evaluate (iii) generated equivalence classes and target sets and (iv) runtime performance.
Lateral Shear Interferometers (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Coherence Properties of the Light Source Brief Theory of Lateral Shearing Interferometry Evaluation of an Unknown Wavefront Lateral Shearing Interferometers in Collimated Light (White Light Compensated) Lateral Shearing Interferometers in Convergent Light (White Light Compensated) Lateral Shearing Interferometers Using Lasers Other Types of Lateral Shearing Interferometers Vectorial Shearing Interferometer
Polarization aberrations caused by differential transmission and phase shift in high-numerical-aperture lenses: theory, measurement, and rectification (2002)

We present a theoretical and experimental study of radially symmetric aberration caused by the differential transmission and phase shift of p- and s-polarized components of an axial beam passing through spherical lenses and plane parallel plates. We give a general description of the aberrations for an axial beam. The extinction is calculated as a function of the numerical aperture for uncoated lenses and for plane parallel plates. In our theoretical analysis, the polarization of output rays is described as a function of the input ray parameters, the shape factor, and refractive index of the lenses used. For rays that are inclined to the optical axis, optimal lens shape factors that minimize the rays' polariza- tion aberrations are found. Techniques for measurement of radially sym- metric birefringence in a lens system are described. Finally, we discuss strategies for polarization rectification and introduce new designs includ- ing meniscus rectifiers and a liquid crystal rectifier that can actively com- pensate a wide variety of polarization aberrations. Good correlations be- tween theory and experimental results for microscope optical systems with coated and uncoated optical elements are found. Our results enable us to suppress depolarization and remove anomalous diffraction in a modern microscope equipped with high-numerical-aperture lenses.
The Course of the South to Secession (1940)

The Course of the Smith to Secession, An Interpretation by Ulrich Bonnell Phillips. Edited by E. Merton Coulter Get access W. B. Hesseltine W. B. Hesseltine University of Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 27, Issue 2, September 1940, Pages 298–299, https://doi.org/10.2307/1896837 Published: 01 September 1940
"Can you believe [1:21]?!" (2019)

As videos become increasingly ubiquitous, so is video-based commenting. To contextualize comments, people often reference specific audio/visual content within video. However, the literature falls short of explaining the types of video content people refer to, how they establish references and identify referents, how video characteristics (e.g., genre) impact referencing behaviors, and how references impact social engagement. We present a taxonomy for classifying video references by referent type and temporal specificity. Using our taxonomy, we analyzed 2.5K references with quotations and timestamps collected from public YouTube comments. We found: 1) people reference intervals of video more frequently than time-points, 2) visual entities are referenced more often than sounds, and 3) comments with quotes are more likely to receive replies but not more "likes". We discuss the need for in-situ dereferencing user interfaces, illustrate design concepts for typed referencing features, and provide a dataset for future studies.
MEMS for Nanopositioning: Design and Applications (2017)

Nanopositioners are high-precision mechatronic devices that are capable of generating mechanical motion with nanometer or sub-nanometer resolution. With this motion typically being available over mechanical bandwidths of several kilohertz or greater, nanopositioners have become important tools for many areas of nanotechnology. A major development in nanopositioning has been the use of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication processes to produce microscale nanopositioners. These MEMS-based devices are conceptually similar to their macroscale counterparts, typically comprising an end effector, actuators, sensors, and suspension structures. However, MEMS nanopositioners potentially offer additional significant advantages as a result of their microfabricated nature, including a much smaller footprint, higher bandwidth, batch manufacturability, and potential for integration with electronic circuits. This paper reviews key concepts regarding the design, actuation, and sensing of MEMS nanopositioners, and explores how they have been implemented in state-of-the-art devices within a range of nanotechnology applications.
Embryonic cultures but not embryos transplanted to the mouse's brain grow rapidly without immunosuppression (1995)

Embryos and embryocultures can be successfully transplanted into various bodily organs. However, immunosuppression or homogenicity are required for the success of such experimental manipulation. Since the brain is considered immunologically privileged, we transplanted 2–4 cell embryos of C57BL x BALB/c, embryonic stem cells (ES) or embryoid bodies (EB) cultures into the hippocampus of the heterogeneous mouse stock HSMBg. Both ES and EB cultures developed into an extensive growth, eventually larger than the brain itself, causing the death of the host in less than 29 days. The growth was identified as teratoma, mostly made of immature cells and tissues of diverse origin. Thus, the overall histological picture was that of a malignant teratoma. On the other hand, no embryos were found at any time after the transplantation; apparently, they could not survive in the host brain. The growth rate and the relative lack of rejection suggest that the brain offers a unique medium for ES and EB cultures but, not to embryos.
Mechanoafferent neurons innervating tail of Aplysia. II. Modulation by sensitizing stimulation (1983)

The tail-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia can be sensitized by weak stimulation of a site outside the site used to test the reflex or by repeatedly stimulating the test site itself. The sensitization of tail-withdrawal responses is associated with enhanced activation of the tail motor neurons and heterosynaptic facilitation of the monosynaptic connections between the tail sensory neurons and tail motor neurons. This synaptic facilitation can occur under conditions in which neither posttetanic potentiation nor generalized changes in postsynaptic input resistance contribute to the facilitation. In addition to producing monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), action potentials in tail sensory neurons often recruit longer latency polysynaptic input to the tail motor neurons during sensitization. Strong, noxious tail shock similar in intensity to that used previously for sensitization and aversive classical conditioning of other responses in Aplysia produces more heterosynaptic facilitation than does weak sensitizing stimulation. Heterosynaptic facilitation builds up progressively with multiple trials and lasts for hours. Very strong shocks to the tail can change the response characteristics of tail sensory neurons so that a prolonged, regenerative burst of spikes is elicited by a brief intracellular depolarizing pulse. This bursting response produced by sensitizing stimulation has not been described previously in Aplysia sensory neurons and can greatly amplify the synaptic input to tail motor neurons from the sensory neurons. In addition, strong shocks to the tail increase the duration and magnitude of individual sensory neuron action potentials. Sensitizing tail stimulation usually produces long-lasting depolarization of the tail motor neurons and often long-lasting hyperpolarization of the tail sensory neurons. The tail motor and sensory neurons show both increases and decreases of input resistance following sensitizing stimulation. However, the small, occasional increases in input resistance of the motor neuron are insufficient to explain the heterosynaptic facilitation produced by sensitizing stimulation. Serotonin (5-HT) application can mimic many of the effects of sensitizing tail shock, including facilitation of both tail withdrawal and the monosynaptic connections between tail sensory and motor neurons, hyperpolarizing and depolarizing responses in the tail sensory neurons, and an increase in the duration and magnitude of the sensory neuron action potential. In the nearly isolated sensory neuron soma, 5-HT usually produces a slow, decreased conductance depolarizing response, suggesting that the 5-HT-induced hyperpolarizing response see
Evaluation of Premium Threaded Connections Using Finite-Element Analysis and Full-Scale Testing (1992)

Abstract The procedures developed by Exxon Production Research Company (EPR) for evaluating the performance of premium tubing and casing threaded connection designs using a combination of nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) and full-scale physical tests are described in this paper. Over the past several years, EPR has developed advanced techniques for nonlinear FEA to accurately and efficiently calculate the stresses and deformations in threaded connections. Concurrently, EPR's Tubular Goods Test Facility (TGTF) was constructed to assist in verification of FEA models and to conduct full-scale physical tests. Evaluation procedures have been developed that are based on using the combined results of state-of-the-art nonlinear FEA and rigorous full-scale physical tests. Finite element models are "linked" to full-scale tests to form the tools for evaluating threaded connections. Several years of experience in implementing these two evaluation tools together have revealed a unique and valuable synergism between analytical models and physical tests. EPR's evaluation philosophy is to use knowledge gained from advanced accurate FEA to test fewer connections with greater confidence in the results.
Coupled Rectangular Bars Between Parallel Plates (1962)

Curves are presented giving the even-mode fringing capacitance, the odd-mode fringing capacitance, and the difference between odd- and even-mode fringing capacitances for wide ranges of thickness and spacing of rectangular bars centered between parallel plates. Simple formulas are given relating these capacitances to even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances of coupled rectangular bars. possible applications to strip-line and other circuits are described. The appendix gives the derivation of the fringing, capacitances by conformal mapping techniques. The results are exact for bars extending in width infinitely far from the coupling region, and have only small error (less than 1.24 per cent) for bars whose width is greater than about 35 per cent of the difference between plate spacing and bar thickness.
Synthesis, structure and spectroscopic properties of two models for the active site of the oxygenated state of cytochrome <i>P</i>540 (1987)

Two dioxygen adducts of thiolato-iron(II) porphyrins, [K(222)][Fe(TPpivP)(SC6HF4)(O2)] 1a and [Na(18c.6)][Fe(TPpivP)(SC6HF4)(O2)] 2 were synthesized by reaction of O2 with five-coordinate, high-spin, cryptated alkali metal thiolato-iron(II) 'picket fence' porphyrinate. They were characterized by visible and infrared spectroscopy: lambda max (log epsilon) = 360 nm (4), 427 nm (4.69), 560 nm (3.69), 610 nm (3.40) for both compounds; v(16O-16O) = 1139 cm-1 in chlorobenzene and fluorobenzene for 1a and 2. Single crystals of composition [K(222)][Fe(TPpivP)(SC6HF4)(O2)].[K(222)](SC6HF4)(C 6H5Cl)(H2O) 1b were obtained by diffusion of pentane/xylene mixtures into chlorobenzene solutions of 1a at -5 degrees C. Single crystals of composition [Na(18c.6)][Fe(TPpivP)(SC6HF4)(O2)] were obtained by slow diffusion of pentane into benzene solutions of 2. Structures of 1b and 2 were studied at 20 degrees C (1b) and -100 degrees C (1b and 2). 1b: space group P2(1)/c (monoclinic), a = 16.806(5) A (1.6806 nm), b = 14.331(4) A (1.4331 nm), c = 52.000(15) A (5.2000 nm), beta = 92.95(2) degrees, V = 12.507 A3 (12.507 nm3), Z = 4, Dcal = 1.28 g.cm-3 (t = 20 degrees C). The final R1 factor was 0.085 for 5238 reflections having I greater than 3 sigma(I). 2: space group P2(1)/c (monoclinic), a = 13.107(3) A (1.3107 nm), b = 27.055(4) A (2.7055 nm), c = 25.029(4) A (2.5029 nm), beta = 96.84(2) degrees, V = 8812 A3 (8.812 nm3), Z = 4, Dcal = 1.18 g.cm-3 (t = -100 degrees C). The final R1 factor was 0.088 for 6587 reflections having I greater than 3 sigma(I). The iron atom is, in both compounds, bonded to the four porphyrinato nitrogens (Np), the sulfur atom of the axial thiolate and one oxygen atom of the axially end-on bonded dioxygen molecule. The average Fe-Np distance found in 1b [1.994(4) A, 0.1994 nm] is not significantly different from that found in 2 [1.993(3) A, 0.1993 nm]. The Fe-S bond length is 2.367(3) A (0.2367 nm) in 1b and 2.365(2) A (0.2365 nm) in 2. The Fe-O1 distances with the oxygen atom of O2 bonded to iron are respectively 1.837(9) A (0.1837 nm) and 1.850(4) A (0.1850 nm). The end-on bonded O2 molecule is disordered in both complexes 1b and 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Evaluation of Permeability from Resistivity Gradient on Electric Logs (1949)

It is a common observation that when a bcre has traversed a reservoir rock, water-saturated at the bottom and oil-bearing at the top, the resistivity shows a corresponding increase from bottom to top. In the case of a formation of low permeability, such as a consolidated sandstone, it can be further observed that the resistivity curve, in the transition zone from the water table up to the zone of maximum oil saturation, is practically a straight line. In other words, the resistivity in the transition zone is a linear function of depth. This particular feature can be utilized in connection with the data already available concerning the relationships between:
[The effect of feeding zeolite (clinoptilolite) on the health status of sheep]. (1983)

Under the experimental conditions of a clinic, zeolite from the N. Hrabovec locality was studied as to its effect on the health condition of sheep. Zeolite was added to the feed mixture at a rate of 0.15 g per 1 kg of live weight daily for three months. The trials were performed with five sheep of the Merino breed. Five sheep were used as controls. No differences were found in the health condition and general behaviour of sheep fed zeolite and sheep of the control group. Neither were substantial differences observed in the indices of the other parameters under study--actual and total acidity, content of volatile fatty acids in rumen contents, blood picture, content of macroelements and microelements, nor in the transaminase activity of blood serum and acid-base homeostasis in blood. Before the zeolite supplementation of feed ration is introduced in practice, detailed studies should be conducted and the optimum zeolite dose should be determined.
Metabolomic profiling of lung and prostate tumor tissues by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2012)

Metabolic microenvironment of tumor cells is influenced by oncogenic signaling and tissue-specific metabolic demands, blood supply, and enzyme expression. To elucidate tumor-specific metabolism, we compared the metabolomics of normal and tumor tissues surgically resected pairwise from nine lung and seven prostate cancer patients, using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS). Phosphorylation levels of enzymes involved in central carbon metabolism were also quantified. Metabolomic profiles of lung and prostate tissues comprised 114 and 86 metabolites, respectively, and the profiles not only well distinguished tumor from normal tissues, but also squamous cell carcinoma from the other tumor types in lung cancer and poorly differentiated tumors from moderately differentiated tumors in prostate cancer. Concentrations of most amino acids, especially branched-chain amino acids, were significantly higher in tumor tissues, independent of organ type, but of essential amino acids were particularly higher in poorly differentiated than moderately differentiated prostate cancers. Organ-dependent differences were prominent at the levels of glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and associated energy status. Significantly high lactate concentrations and elevated activating phosphorylation levels of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase in lung tumors confirmed hyperactive glycolysis. We highlighted the potential of CE-TOFMS-based metabolomics combined with phosphorylated enzyme analysis for understanding tissue-specific tumor microenvironments, which may lead to the development of more effective and specific anticancer therapeutics.