gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive video as an Instructional Technology for Handicapped Learners: A Development and Research Program (1985)

Interactive video is an instructional technology which combines computer assisted instruction and educational video. The purpose of this paper is to describe the programmatic nature of a project designed to explore the application of this technology with handicapped learners. Specifically, the reader is introduced to the project's activities in courseware development and research on learning effectiveness.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is activated in light‐induced retinal degeneration (2007)

Exposure to excessive levels of light induces photoreceptor apoptosis and has previously been used as a model for the study of retinal degeneration. During the light exposure, intracellular calcium levels increase, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated, which have been shown to cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In the present study, we investigated the role of ER stress in light-induced photoreceptor apoptosis. Our study demonstrated that, after light exposure, the ER stress sensors including glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78/BiP), caspase-12, phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2 alpha), and phospho-pancreatic ER kinase (PERK) were significantly up-regulated in a time-dependent manner. The up-regulation of these proteins coincided with or preceded the photoreceptor apoptosis indicated by TUNEL. These data showed that ER stress played an important role in light-induced photoreceptor apoptosis. Therefore, ER stress modulators could be strong candidates as therapeutic agents in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
From sets to graphs: towards a realistic enrichment analysis of transcriptomic systems (2011)

Ludwig.Geistlinger@bio.ifi.lmu.de; Ralf.Zimmer@bio.ifi.lmu.de.
Design and development of a high frequency on-line uninterruptible power supply (2002)

The online UPS is the highend of the technically most advanced of the power supply product line in that it always has a backup power source in the power flow path, thus requiring no transfer time from the utility power supply during power failure to the backup sources. Compactness, cost, reliability of operation and efficiency are the most dominating factors influencing the research and product development of the UPS. This paper describes the design and development of an industrial grade, compact, high frequency switching, online, galvanically isolated input and output, and high quality manufacturable UPS system. Key experimental results are provided to highlight the design and performance of the system.
Confidentiality and Authenticity in a Platform Based on Network-on-Chip (2017)

In many-core systems, the processing elements are interconnected using Networks-on-Chip. An example of on-chip network is SoCIN, a low-cost interconnect architecture whose original design did not take into account security aspects. This network is vulnerable to eavesdropping and spoofing attacks, what limits its use in systems that require security. This work addresses this issue and aims to ensure the security properties of confidentiality and authenticity of SoCIN-based systems. For this, we propose the use of security mechanisms based on symmetric encryption at the network level using the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) model. A reference multi-core platform was implemented and prototyped in programmable logic aiming at performing experiments to evaluate the implemented mechanisms. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution in protecting the system against the target attacks. The impact on the network performance is acceptable and the silicon overhead is equivalent to other solutions found in the literature.
Identification of SUMO-Binding Motifs by NMR (2008)

Post-translational modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) family of proteins is an important cellular regulatory mechanism, and in recent years has been found to be involved in a large and diverse set of signaling pathways. Most of these SUMO-dependent functions appear to be mediated by the interaction between SUMO attached to the modified proteins and a "SUMO-binding motif" (SBM or SIM) on receptor proteins. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies were instrumental in the identification of this SUMO-binding motif, and reveal that, depending on the sequence context, this motif can bind to SUMO in two opposing orientations. In this paper, we provide an overview of how NMR methods can be used to identify such short conserved binding motifs and structurally characterize their interaction with target proteins. These experiments are complementary to traditional biochemical methods and are applicable to the identification of other SUMO-binding motifs and to the studies of other ubiquitin-like modification systems.
Performance of video transport over wireless networks using hybrid ARQ (2002)

The advances in low bit rate video coding technology have led to the possibility of delivering video services to users through band-limited wireless networks. The paper proposes a hybrid ARQ error control scheme based on the concatenation of a Reed-Solomon (RS) code and a rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) code. The performance of the proposed hybrid ARQ scheme is simulated and compared with that of conventional hybrid ARQ schemes for real-time H.263 video transmission over wireless networks.
Plant D–type cyclins and the control of G1 progression (2002)

The basic pattern of controls that operate during the G1 phase of the plant cell cycle shows much closer similarity to animals than to the yeasts and other fungi. The activity of D-type cyclin (CycD) kinases is induced in response to stimulatory signals, and these phosphorylate the plant homologue of the retinoblastoma tumour susceptibility (Rb) protein. It is likely that Rb phosphorylation results in the activation of genes under the control of E2F transcription factors, including those required for S phase entry. As the initial triggers of the cascade, attention has focused on the CycDs, and a family of 10 genes is present in Arabidopsis, divided into three major and three minor groups. Analysis to date suggests that these groups are functionally distinct.
Dihydrochalcones:  Evaluation as Novel Radical Scavenging Antioxidants (2003)

Dihydrochalcones are a family of bicyclic flavonoids, defined by the presence of two benzene rings joined by a saturated three carbon bridge. In the present study, we systematically examined the antioxidant activities of dihydrochalcones against the stable free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and lipid peroxidation in the erythrocyte membrane. All dihydrochalcones exhibited higher antioxidant activities than the corresponding flavanones. The (1)H NMR analysis indicated that the active dihydrochalcone has a time-averaged conformation in which the aromatic A ring is orthogonal to the carbonyl group, while the inactive dihydrochalcone such as 2'-O-methyl-phloretin has a strongly hydrogen-bonded phenolic hydroxyl group, suggestive of a coplanar conformation. A hydroxyl group at the 2'-position of the dihydrochalcone A ring, newly formed by reduction of the flavanone C ring, is an essential pharmacophore for its radical scavenging potential.
Three-dimensional structure of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (2006)

The 3D structure of the bacterial peptidoglycan, the major constituent of the cell wall, is one of the most important, yet still unsolved, structural problems in biochemistry. The peptidoglycan comprises alternating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic disaccharide (NAM) saccharides, the latter of which has a peptide stem. Adjacent peptide stems are cross-linked by the transpeptidase enzymes of cell wall biosynthesis to provide the cell wall polymer with the structural integrity required by the bacterium. The cell wall and its biosynthetic enzymes are targets of antibiotics. The 3D structure of the cell wall has been elusive because of its complexity and the lack of pure samples. Herein we report the 3D solution structure as determined by NMR of the 2-kDa NAG-NAM(pentapeptide)-NAG-NAM(pentapeptide) synthetic fragment of the cell wall. The glycan backbone of this peptidoglycan forms a right-handed helix with a periodicity of three for the NAG-NAM repeat (per turn of the helix). The first two amino acids of the pentapeptide adopt a limited number of conformations. Based on this structure a model for the bacterial cell wall is proposed.
<title>Factors to be considered for robust high-throughput automated DNA sequencing using a multiple-capillary array instrument</title> (1997)

The overall goal of our program is to develop a robust, high throughput, fully automated DNA sequencing instrument based on replaceable polymer solutions using a multicapillary array. Significant effort has already been devoted to column and polymer chemistry in order to obtain long read lengths per run in fast analysis time. In this paper we report on progress in instrument considerations and data processing software. A simple instrument design, based on no moving parts for continuous illumination of the capillaries and detection of the fluorescent light was used for this study. Our polymer solution replacement system with the permanent connection between the buffer/chamber manifold and capillary columns on the detector side is designed to prevent the trapping of air bubbles during matrix solution replacement. A special construction of a column-electrode couple on the injection side precludes air trapping during sample injection from small sample volumes. Our in-house software now features the significant reduction of the crosstalk signal from neighbor columns, which may be a potential problem in densely packed large capillary array sequencers.
Fractional quantum Hall effect in topological flat bands with Chern number two (2012)

Recent theoretical works have demonstrated various robust Abelian and non-Abelian fractional topological phases in lattice models with topological flat bands carrying Chern number C=1. Here we study hard-core bosons and interacting fermions in a three-band triangular-lattice model with the lowest topological flat band of Chern number C=2. We find convincing numerical evidence of bosonic fractional quantum Hall effect at the $\nu=1/3$ filling characterized by three-fold quasi-degeneracy of ground states on a torus, a fractional Chern number for each ground state, a robust spectrum gap, and a gap in quasihole excitation spectrum. We also observe numerical evidence of a robust fermionic fractional quantum Hall effect for spinless fermions at the $\nu=1/5$ filling with short-range interactions.
A Study Examining Intravenous Ethanol‐Conditioned Place Preference in C57BL/6J Mice (1997)

The reinforcing effects of intravenous (I.V.) ethanol were examined in C57BL/6J (C57) mice with a conditioned-place-preference (CPP) paradigm. Before CPP testing, adult mice underwent jugular catheterization. On the following day, subjects were acclimated to a two-compartment CPP chamber. A 15-min nondrug pretest was conducted to determine compartment preference. For the treatment group, I.V. ethanol [30% (v/v), 3.4 microl/min, 25 min] was paired with the nonpreferred compartment, whereas I.V. saline was paired with the preferred compartment. The control group received I.V. saline in both compartments. Two conditioning sessions were conducted per day (0900 and 1500), and the order of the infusions was counterbalanced across subjects. The drug-free posttest was identical to the pretest, except that it occurred on the day after the final drug/compartment pairing. The entire procedure required 6 days. After just two pairings with ethanol, with a cumulative ethanol dose of only 0.82 g/kg/day, significant CPP was noted in the treatment group, whereas no change in compartment preference was noted for the control group. A separate group of C57 mice were trained to discriminate intraperitoneal ethanol (1.5 g/kg) from saline using a two-lever drug discrimination paradigm. After training was complete, these mice also underwent jugular catheterization. Substitution testing was conducted with I.V. ethanol [30% (v/v), 6.4 microl/min, 12 min] and saline. The results indicate that the subjective effects of ethanol did not differ according to the route of administration. Together, these experiments provide evidence that ethanol is rewarding for C57 mice, as indexed by ethanol CPP, and that the subjective effects of intravenously and intraperitoneally administered ethanol are similar.
Measuring article quality in wikipedia (2007)

Wikipedia has grown to be the world largest and busiest free encyclopedia, in which articles are collaboratively written and maintained by volunteers online. Despite its success as a means of knowledge sharing and collaboration, the public has never stopped criticizing the quality of Wikipedia articles edited by non-experts and inexperienced contributors. In this paper, we investigate the problem of assessing the quality of articles in collaborative authoring of Wikipedia. We propose three article quality measurement models that make use of the interaction data between articles and their contributors derived from the article edit history. Our B<scp>asic</scp> model is designed based on the mutual dependency between article quality and their author authority. The P<scp>eer</scp>R<scp>eview</scp> model introduces the review behavior into measuring article quality. Finally, our P<scp>rob</scp>R<scp>eview</scp> models extend P<scp>eer</scp>R<scp>eview</scp> with partial reviewership of contributors as they edit various portions of the articles. We conduct experiments on a set of well-labeled Wikipedia articles to evaluate the effectiveness of our quality measurement models in resembling human judgement.
ENZYME PURIFICATION AND CONCENTRATION BY SIMULATED MOVING BED CHROMATOGRAPHY: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY (1986)

Abstract A new continuous affinity chromatography for enzyme purification and concentration was proposed. It combined the features of pH-parametric pumping and simulated moving bed operations. Adsorption and desorption were taking place simultaneously in the system. Regeneration of adsorbent was performed by successively shifting the adsorption and desorption sections from one column to another with a time controller. Performance tests for enzyme separation and purification were carried out by devising six-staged affinity chromatographic columns, 16 cm ID × 40 cm Ht, packed with 10 cm height chitin-CHOM each for trypsin purification. Factors affecting the successful operations of the systems and separation efficiency of enzyme were investigated. The system was applied to the purification of trypsin from extract of porcine pancreas. It was found that fairly high separation efficiency can be achieved, SAR (specific activity ratio = specific activity of product/specific activity of feed) of eluam was as high as 3.9. Thus it is considered as a promising method of enzyme purification. For purification of crude enzyme, SMB (Simulated Moving Bed) can be incorporated with a washing section between the adsorption and desorption sections for washing out the impure proteins contaminated into the columns. KEYWORDS: Enzyme purification and concentrationSimulated moving bedAffinity chromatographySeparation efficiency Additional informationNotes on contributorsSHIH YOW HUANG Submitted by J.J. Ulbrecht.
Studies on the Flavor of Creamed Cottage Cheese (1959)

Summary The biacetyl contents of 41 samples of commercial creamed cottage cheese, obtained from retail stores, varied from 0 to 3.2 p.p.m.; 73.1% of samples contained less than 1.0 p.p.m. and 95.1% contained less than 2.0 p.p.m. When cottage cheese is manufactured by the long-set method, the maximum amount of biacetyl capable of being produced by a lactic culture is not attained at the time of cutting the curd (pH 4.7). During cottage cheese manufacture there is a partition of the milk constituents and flavor compounds. The whey fraction contains considerably more citric acid, lactose, biacetyl, and acetylmethylcarbinol than the curd. However, a proportionate amount of the biacetyl present at the time of cutting is retained by the cheese and the use of a culture producing considerable biacetyl results in cheese with a correspondingly higher biacetyl content. The addition of citric acid to a creaming mixture for cottage cheese did not result in an increased biacetyl content when the cheese was held at 45° F. The addition of both citric acid and lactic culture to a creaming mixture for cottage cheese increased the biacetyl content when the holding temperature was 45° F., but a sour flavor was evident after several days' storage.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐PHENYL‐4,5‐DIHYDRO‐3(2H)‐PYRIDAZINONES, A SERIES OF HYPOTENSIVE AGENTS (1974)

Abstract Durch Kondensation von Keto‐carbonsäuren (I) und‐ Hydrazinen (II) erhält man die Dihydropyridazinone (III).
Intravenous Application of Ovine and Human Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF): ACTH, Cortisol and CRF Levels (1986)

Synthetic ovine corticotropin releasing factor (oCRF) and human CRF were given as an intravenous bolus to 6 healthy volunteers in 4 different dosages (oCRF: 25, 50, 100 and 200 micrograms) respectively, 2 different dosages (hCRF: 50 and 100 micrograms). ACTH and cortisol were measured over a 2-hour period after CRF injection. CRF immunoreactivity was measured with a newly developed homologous radioimmunoassay for both oCRF and hCRF. All CRF dosages tested led to a definite ACTH response compared to placebo control. No dose dependency of side effects was observed. Furthermore, there was no clear-cut dose response relationship between the injected CRF dosages and the maximal ACTH- and cortisol levels. However, when the area under the ACTH and cortisol-response curves after oCRF were compared a dose-response relationship emerged, which could not be demonstrated in the same way for the two hCRF dosages. Serum CRF immunoreactivity correlated to the injected dosage. The halftime of serum disappearance for oCRF was 18 min, and hCRF, 9 min. The maximal ACTH responses after injection of oCRF and hCRF were not significantly different.
Neutral ionophore-based selective electrode for assaying the activity of magnesium in undiluted blood serum (1990)

The concentration of free, ionized magnesium in undiluted blood serum can be determined potentiometrically with a new magnesium-selective carrier in polymeric membrane electrodes (by weight 66% plasticizer, approximately 33% polyvinyl chloride and approximately 1% ionophore). However, discrimination of calcium by the new ionophore-added membrane is not sufficient to keep calcium interference to less than 1%. To correct for the interference by calcium, we determine the calcium activity of the serum sample with a calcium-selective electrode and calibrate the magnesium-selective electrode with standard solutions containing calcium in the concentrations found. In this way we determined the free ionized magnesium in five plasma samples from five different persons and found it to be within the range expected for magnesium in undiluted serum.
Resolving Lambertian surface orientation from fluctuating radiance (2011)

A maximum likelihood method for estimating remote surface orientation from multi-static acoustic, optical, radar, or laser images is presented. It is assumed that the images are corrupted by signal-dependent noise, known as speckle, arising from complex Gaussian field fluctuations, and that the surface properties are effectively Lambertian. Surface orientation estimates for a single sample are shown to have biases and errors that vary dramatically depending on illumination direction. This is due to the signal-dependent nature of speckle noise and the nonlinear relationship between surface orientation, illumination direction, and fluctuating radiance. The minimum number of independent samples necessary for maximum likelihood estimates to become asymptotically unbiased and to attain the lower bound on resolution of classical estimation theory are derived, as are practical design thresholds.
Tubing rotator system increases pumping unit tubular life (1993)

Artificial lift is required on the majority of all oil wells and on some gas wells. The most common form of artificial lift is the beam pump sucker rod system. The beam pump is mechanically simple, cost effective, and has a long service life. However, the economics diminish with an increase in down time, lost production, and pulling jobs, caused by tubing failures. The most common tubing failures-split tubing-are caused by rod wear. The rods and rod boxes wear through the tubing in a narrow groove comprising about 20% of the inside diameter of the tubing. Mechanical wear from the rods and hydrostatic pressure inside the tubing causes the tubing to fail and the well is off line. Rotating the tubing string continually during pumping operations distributes rod wear over the entire inside diameter and increases tubing life. A tubing rotator system consists of surface and subsurface equipment and is powered directly by pumping unit movement is described in this paper. Application to deviated wells and in heavy oil producing wells is also discussed.
Dewetting Film Dynamics Inside a Capillary Using a Micellar Nanofluid (2014)

An experimental study was performed in which hexadecane was displaced by a micellar nanofluid in a glass capillary. Experiments have shown that a thick film was formed on the capillary wall after hexadecane was displaced by the nanofluid. The thick hexadecane film is unstable, and over time it breaks and forms a thin film. Once the thick film ruptures, it retracts and forms an annular rim (liquid ridge) that collects liquid. As the volume of the annular rim increases over time, it forms a double-concave meniscus across the capillary and dewetting stops. The thin film on the right side of the double-concave meniscus then breaks and the contact angle increases. The process repeats until the droplets build up all along the capillary wall. Finally, the droplets are displaced from the capillary wall by the nanofluid and spherical droplets appear inside the capillary. This is a novel phenomenon because we did not observe any film formation when we used a solution without micelles. The theoretical model based on the lubrication approximation using the capillary pressure gradient was developed to estimate the annular rim dewetting velocity. The predicted dewetting velocity is found to be in fair agreement with the experimentally measured value.
Vapor development of poly(olefin sulfone) resists (1974)

Abstract Poly(2‐methyl pentene‐1) sulfone undergoes scission followed by rapid chain depolymerization when irradiated with 5‐20 kV electrons. Several parameters which affect the rate of this process, termed vapor development, were evaluated, viz. , molecular weight, dose rate, temperature, accelerating voltage and film thickness. While it was never really possible to remove 100 percent of the film, it was possible to remove > 99 percent at reasonably low doses (∼ 10 −6 coul/cm −2 ) using high temperatures (∼ 100°C) and low accelerating voltage (5 kV). Some lithographic details of this process are also described.
Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres (1988)

Third in a series that addresses the design and operation of oxygen systems. The goal of the series is to build a reference for both the skilled and the uninitiated in the concepts and practices for the design and maintenance of all types of oxygen system