gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutron interferometry (1980)

Diffraction effects at wavelengths on the order of angstroms have been known since Max von Laue's demonstrations of x-ray diffraction in 1912. Interference between well-separated, coherent beams, however, is much more difficult to arrange.
PAR-6 is a conserved PDZ domain-containing protein that colocalizes with PAR-3 in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> embryos (1999)

The par genes are required to establish polarity in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. Mutations in two of these genes, par-3 and par-6, exhibit similar phenotypes. A third gene, pkc-3, gives a similar phenotype when the protein is depleted by RNA interference. PAR-3 and PKC-3 protein are colocalized to the anterior periphery of asymmetrically dividing cells of the germline lineage and the peripheral localizations of both proteins depends upon the activity of par-6. Here we report the molecular cloning of par-6 and the immunolocalization of PAR-6 protein. We found that par-6 encodes a PDZ-domain-containing protein and has homologues in mammals and flies. Moreover, we discovered that PAR-6 colocalizes with PAR-3 and that par-3 and pkc-3 activity are required for the peripheral localization of PAR-6. The localization of both PAR-3 and PAR-6 proteins is affected identically by mutations in the par-2, par-4 and par-5 genes. The co-dependence of PAR-3, PAR-6 and PKC-3 for peripheral localization and the overlap in their distributions lead us to propose that they act in a protein complex.
Synthesis and biological activities of some N6- and N9-carbamoyladenines and related ribonucleosides (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and biological activities of some N6- and N9-carbamoyladenines and related ribonucleosidesS. P. Dutta, C. I. Hong, Tritsch. G. L., C. Cox, R. Parthasarthy, and G. B. ChhedaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1977, 20, 12, 1598–1607Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00222a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00222a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gateway system for CAN and FlexRay in automotive ECU networks (2010)

Automotive gateway system is necessary because several communication protocols is used and need to communicate between other. CAN bus is one of the most popular buses, and FlexRay has the unique advantages of high speed, large bandwidth and reliability. In this paper, a gateway for CAN and FlexRay in automotive has been proposed. The gateway can convert data between CAN and FlexRay protocols that minimize the differences frame format, communication paradigm and speed, through using Gateway Global Algorithm. In addition, the gateway system can return conversion result that presents on PC with USBCAN.
SMO photomask inspection in the lithographic plane (2009)

Source Mask Optimization (SMO) describes the co-optimization of the illumination source and mask pattern in the frequency domain. While some restrictions for manufacturable sources and masks are included in the process, the resulting photomasks do not resemble the initial designs. Some common features of SMO masks are that the line edges are heavily fragmented, the minimum design features are small and there is no one-to-one correspondence between design and mask features. When it is not possible to link a single mask feature directly to its resist counterpart, traditional concepts of mask defects no longer apply and photomask inspection emerges as a significant challenge. Aerial Plane Inspection (API) is a lithographic inspection mode that moves the detection of defects to the lithographic plane. They can be deployed to study the lithographic impact of SMO mask defects. This paper briefly reviews SMO and the lithography inspection technologies and explores their applicability to 22nm designs by presenting SMO mask inspection results. These results are compared to simulated wafer print expectations.
Eigentumsstrategien deutscher und amerikanischer Unternehmen in der Tschechischen Republik im Vergleich: Einige Vorüberlegungen zu den ökonomischen und kulturellen Einflußfaktoren (1997)

Seit Beginn des Reformprozesses sind in die Tschechische Republik 8,7 Mrd. DM an ausländischen Direktinvestitionen geflossen. Bis Anfang 1995 haben die beiden Spitzeninvestoren, USA und Deutschland, jeweils Gesamtinvestitionen in Höhe von 1,1 Mrd DM und 1,9 Mrd. DM getätigt (CNB 1995, Czechinvest 1996). Nach vorliegenden Schätzungen werden dabei die amerikanischen Investitionen hauptsächlich in Form von hundertprozentigen Tochtergesellschaften vorgenommen, während die deutschen Projekte in viel stärkerem Maße (auch) als Joint Ventures mit lokalen Partnern gegründet werden (Pues 1994). In der Tat zeigen auch Engelhard/Eckert (1995: 155f), daß der typische Internationalisierungspfad deutscher Unternehmen in Osteuropa, darunter auch in der ehemaligen Tschechoslowakei, zu bzw. über Joint Ventures führt. Die starke Präferenz amerikanischer Investoren für vollbeherrschte Tochtergesellschaften in der Tschechischen Republik entspricht dem allgemeinen Strategiemuster amerikanischer multinationaler Unternehmen (MNU) im Vergleich zu MNU anderer Nationalität, die eher geneigt sind, (auch) Joint Ventures im Ausland zu gründen (Stopford/ Wells 1972, Eramilli/Rao 1993, Puxty 1979, Gattignon/ Anderson 1988, Kobrin 1988).
Differential response of male and female emerald ash borers (Col., Buprestidae) to (Z)‐3‐hexenol and manuka oil (2009)

Abstract We conducted two trapping experiments in green ash plantations in Ontario, Canada to compare the response of the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis , to (Z)‐3‐hexenol (Z3‐6:OH) and manuka oil. In the first experiment, Z3‐6:OH (7.6 mg/day) in purple prism traps hung 1.5 m above ground caught significantly more EAB than the unbaited controls, with male catches significantly greater than female catches at two locations. Manuka oil (50 mg/day) attracted equal numbers of males and females but they were significantly greater than the controls at only one location. Adding (Z)‐3‐hexenal or (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate in binary or ternary combinations with Z3‐6:OH did not enhance trap catch. In the second experiment, Z3‐6:OH released at two rates (7.6 or 80 mg/day) in light green prism traps placed in the ash canopy also caught significantly more males than females and more males than the unbaited controls or manuka oil‐baited traps. Manuka oil had no significant effect on catches relative to the controls. Combining Z3‐6:OH with manuka oil did not enhance catches of EAB. We conclude that there was a strong male‐biased EAB response to Z3‐6:OH lures, whereas manuka oil, when effective, attracted both sexes equally. Z3‐6:OH in light green prism traps in the canopy is an effective lure for EAB, particularly for males.
Building an effective rule-based light stemmer for Arabic language to inprove search effectiveness (2008)

Building an effective stemmer for Arabic language has been always a hot research topic in the IR field since Arabic language has a very different and difficult structure than other languages, that's because it is a very rich language with complex morphology. Many linguistic and light stemmers have been developed for Arabic language but still there are many weakness and problems, in this paper we introduce a new light stemming technique and compare it with other used stemmers and show how it improves the search effectiveness.
Electrical Properties of Organic Solids (1960)

David Kearns, Electrical Properties of Organic Solids, Radiation Research Supplement, Vol. 2, Bioenergetics: Considerations of Processes of Absorption, Stabilization, Transfer, and Utilization. Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Held at Brookhaven National Laboratory, October 12-16, 1959 (1960), pp. 407-431
Imidazole-containing triblock copolymers with a synergy of ether and imidazolium sites (2015)

Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization enabled the synthesis of well-defined A–BC–A triblock copolymers containing a synergy of pendant ether and imidazolium sites.
Albumin-bilirubin binding mechanism. (1983)

After binding of bilirubin to human serum albumin (1:1), a train of relaxational changes of conformation takes place. The late part of these processes, occurring in the time interval 1-500 s, has been studied by recording the changes of light absorption. Similar processes have been demonstrated after binding of fatty acid anion to the bilirubin-albumin complex as well as after a pH-jump from 6 to 9. Solvent perturbation spectra obtained on the addition of 20% sucrose have failed to demonstrate exposure of the bilirubin chromophores in the complex to the surrounding medium. Xanthobilirubinate which has a single dipyrrolic chromophore compared to the two of bilirubin is bound to albumin in competition with bilirubin, as concluded from co-binding studies with monoacetyldiaminodiphenylsulfone and diazepam, probing two different binding functions of the albumin molecule. Late conformational changes were absent after binding of xanthobilirubinate. Binding of fatty acid to the complex and a pH-jump did not affect the spectrum of xanthobilirubinate-human serum albumin. The findings can be explained by a model, previously proposed, in which the late spectral changes are affected by rotation of one half-domain of albumin, binding one bilirubin chromophore, relative to another half-domain to which the second bilirubin chromophore is bound, whereby a change of exiton splitting occurs. Such changes are not seen with the complex of xanthobilirubinate and albumin, since only a single chromophore is present.
The Clinical Effects of a 5α-Reductase Inhibitor, Finasteride, on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (1992)

Finasteride (Proscar--an orally active 5 alpha-reductase enzyme inhibitor) blocks the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. The effects of finasteride in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were investigated in 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. In study 1, 86 patients were treated with placebo or finasteride (5 to 80 mg. per day) for 12 weeks, followed by a 12-week drug-free period. After 12 weeks of treatment all doses of finasteride showed significant decreases in prostate volume. However, 12 weeks after discontinuation of finasteride prostate volume returned to near baseline values. In study 2, 104 patients were treated with placebo or finasteride (0.2 to 40 mg. per day) for 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of finasteride treatment prostate volume showed a mean decrease of 24% and 28% (p less than 0.01) in the 1 and 5 mg. groups, respectively. Lower doses had a lesser effect on prostate shrinkage. Maximum urinary flow showed a mean increase of 3.7 cc per second when the 1 and 5 mg. groups were combined. Symptom improvement was observed in the 1 and 5 mg. groups, although this was not statistically different from the placebo group due to the small sample size.
Systemic Delivery of Polypeptide Drugs Through Ocular Route (1991)

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive HO-1 isoenzyme affords protection against programmed cell death. The mechanism ...Read More
Real-Time Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification Is More Convenient than Real-Time PCR for Quantification of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2005)

Determination of the number of malaria parasites by routine or even expert microscopy is not always sufficiently sensitive for detailed quantitative studies on the population dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum, such as intervention or vaccine trials. To circumvent this problem, two more sensitive assays, real-time quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (QT-NASBA) and real-time quantitative PCR (QT-PCR) were compared for quantification of P. falciparum parasites. QT-NASBA was adapted to molecular beacon real-time detection technology, which enables a reduction of the time of analysis and of contamination risk while retaining the specificity and sensitivity of the original assay. Both QT-NASBA and QT-PCR have a sensitivity of 20 parasites/ml of blood, but QT-PCR requires a complicated DNA extraction procedure and the use of 500 microl of venous blood to achieve this sensitivity, compared to 50 microl of finger prick blood for real-time QT-NASBA. Both techniques show a significant correlation to microscopic parasite counts, and the quantification results of the two real-time assays are significantly correlated for in vitro as well as in vivo samples. However, in comparison to real-time QT-PCR, the results of real-time QT-NASBA can be obtained 12 h earlier, with relatively easy RNA extraction and use of finger prick blood samples. The prospective development of multiplex QT-NASBA for detection of various P. falciparum developmental stages increases the value of QT-NASBA for malaria studies. Therefore, for studies requiring sensitive and accurate detection of P. falciparum parasites in large numbers of samples, the use of real-time QT-NASBA is preferred over that of real-time QT-PCR.
Real-World Neuroimaging Technologies (2013)

Decades of heavy investment in laboratory-based brain imaging and neuroscience have led to foundational insights into how humans sense, perceive, and interact with the external world. However, it is argued that fundamental differences between laboratory-based and naturalistic human behavior may exist. Thus, it remains unclear how well the current knowledge of human brain function translates into the highly dynamic real world. While some demonstrated successes in real-world neurotechnologies are observed, particularly in the area of brain-computer interaction technologies, innovations and developments to date are limited to a small science and technology community. We posit that advancements in real-world neuroimaging tools for use by a broad-based workforce will dramatically enhance neurotechnology applications that have the potential to radically alter human–system interactions across all aspects of everyday life. We discuss the efforts of a joint government-academic-industry team to take an integrative, interdisciplinary, and multi-aspect approach to translate current technologies into devices that are truly fieldable across a range of environments. Results from initial work, described here, show promise for dramatic advances in the field that will rapidly enhance our ability to assess brain activity in real-world scenarios.
Active Plasmonics: Principles, Structures, and Applications (2017)

Active plasmonics is a burgeoning and challenging subfield of plasmonics. It exploits the active control of surface plasmon resonance. In this review, a first-ever in-depth description of the theoretical relationship between surface plasmon resonance and its affecting factors, which forms the basis for active plasmon control, will be presented. Three categories of active plasmonic structures, consisting of plasmonic structures in tunable dielectric surroundings, plasmonic structures with tunable gap distances, and self-tunable plasmonic structures, will be proposed in terms of the modulation mechanism. The recent advances and current challenges for these three categories of active plasmonic structures will be discussed in detail. The flourishing development of active plasmonic structures opens access to new application fields. A significant part of this review will be devoted to the applications of active plasmonic structures in plasmonic sensing, tunable surface-enhanced Raman scattering, active plasmonic components, and electrochromic smart windows. This review will be concluded with a section on the future challenges and prospects for active plasmonics.
A Word-List from the Southern Highlands (1944)

Research Article| November 01 1944 A Word-List from the Southern Highlands Josiah Combs Josiah Combs Texas Christian University Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Publication of the American Dialect Society (1944) 2 (1): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1215/-2-1-17 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Josiah Combs; A Word-List from the Southern Highlands. Publication of the American Dialect Society 1 November 1944; 2 (1): 17–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/-2-1-17 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsAmerican Dialect SocietyThe Publication of the American Dialect Society Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. American Dialect Society1944 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Growth factor-expressing human neural progenitor cell grafts protect motor neurons but do not ameliorate motor performance and survival in ALS mice (2009)

Neural progenitor cells (NPs) have shown several promising benefits for the treatment of neurological disorders. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of human neural progenitor cells (hNPs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we transplanted hNPs or growth factor (GF)-expressing hNPs into the central nervous system (CNS) of mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1(G93A)) transgenic mice. The hNPs were engineered to express brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), VEGF, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), respectively, by adenoviral vector and GDNF by lentiviral vector before transplantation. Donor-derived cells engrafted and migrated into the spinal cord or brain of ALS mice and differentiated into neurons, oligodendrocytes, or glutamate transporter-1 (GLT1)-expressing astrocytes while some cells retained immature markers. Transplantation of GDNF- or IGF-1-expressing hNPs attenuated the loss of motor neurons and induced trophic changes in motor neurons of the spinal cord. However, improvement in motor performance and extension of lifespan were not observed in all hNP transplantation groups compared to vehicle-injected controls. Moreover, the lifespan of GDNF-expressing hNP recipient mice by lentiviral vector was shortened compared to controls, which was largely due to the decreased survival times of female animals. These results imply that although implanted hNPs differentiate into GLT1-expressing astrocytes and secrete GFs, which maintain dying motor neurons, inadequate trophic support could be harmful and there is sexual dimorphism in response to GDNF delivery in ALS mice. Therefore, additional therapeutic approaches may be required for full functional recovery.
Clinical aspects of coenzyme Q10: an update (2005)

The latest findings highlight the beneficial role of coenzyme Q10 as coadjuvant in the treatment of syndromes, characterized by impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and increased oxidative stress, which have a high social impact. Besides their clinical significance, these data give further insight into the biochemical mechanisms of coenzyme Q10 activity.
Treatment of Sympathetically Maintained Pain With Terazosin (1993)

Terazosin is effective in the treatment of sympathetically maintained pain when given once daily because of a long elimination half-time and a long duration of action. This may encourage better patient compliance than do other alpha antagonists of shorter effective duration.
Adsorption Properties of Templated Mesoporous Carbon (CMK-1) for Nitrogen and Supercritical MethaneExperiment and GCMC Simulation (2002)

Nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and high pressure adsorption of supercritical methane at 303 K were measured on mesoporous carbon (CMK-1) prepared from the templating of MCM-48. These experimental isotherms were simulated with grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation using the rod-aligned slitlike pore (RSP) model. This RSP model gives good agreement with the experimental nitrogen adsorption isotherm in the low-pressure region, while it describes well the observed methane isotherm. The isothermal compressibility of the adsorbed methane at 303 K was calculated from the experimental and simulated isotherms. The isothermal compressibility of the adsorbed methane shows the intermediate state between the supercritical and liquid phase. This indicates that the adsorbed layer of supercritical methane is highly compressed by the strong interaction potential from the pore walls.
Mechanism of T cell activation I. A screening of “step one” ligands (1980)

Abstract A number of ligands which bind to T cell surfaces were screened on murine spleen cells for their functional ability to induce either of the two necessary steps in the process of T cell triggering: (a) expression of growth receptors by T lymphocytes and (b) production of T cell growth factors in cultures containing both T cells and accessory cells. Among four lectins tested, concanavalin A was found to induce both responses but is primarily a “step 2” ligand, in particular at low concentrations; leucoagglutinin was the most potent “step 1” ligand with very limited “step 2” activity; wheat germ agglutinin and soybean lectin were inactive. Direct mitogenicity of the lectin to normal spleen cell cultures was limited by the poorest of these two functional properties. A number of rabbit anti‐lymphocyte antisera, anti‐Thy‐1 alloantisera, anti‐H‐2 and anti‐Ia monoclonal antibodies, as well as complexes of rabbit IgG, were all found to be devoid of “step 1” activity, and consequently, non‐ mitogenic for spleen cells. In contrast, a rabbit anti‐mouse brain antiserum, although also devoid of mitogenicity, was found to be capable of “step 1” induction. These results suggest that not all rearrangements of T cell surface membrane components upon binding of a ligand result in the functional expression of growth receptors. This appears to be the result of selective interactions with specific sites which include structures binding to concanavalin A, leucoagglutinin and rabbit anti‐mouse brain antibodies.