gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 21‐aminosteroid inhibits stimulated monocyte hydrogen peroxide and chemiluminescence measurements from MS patients and controls (1991)

Monocytes are recruited to active sites of multiple sclerosis (MS) demyelination and may promote local tissue injury by generating an inflammatory response, mediated in part by the production of toxic oxygen metabolites. Corticosteroids are frequently and effectively used to ameliorate MS exacerbations, despite inadequate knowledge about the mechanism. We assessed the effects of a 21-aminosteroid, U74500A, a new class of steroid derivatives without glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid effects, on the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chemiluminescence by stimulated monocytes harvested from 8 stable MS patients and age- and sex-matched controls. H2O2 measurements and chemiluminescence were significantly reduced in both groups by U74500A. These results demonstrate that 21-aminosteroids reduce production of toxic oxygen metabolites by monocytes and thus their inflammatory potential, suggesting that these agents may be potentially effective and safe treatment for MS exacerbations.
Scan based side channel attack on dedicated hardware implementations of Data Encryption Standard (2005)

Scan based test is a double edged sword. On one hand, it is a powerful test technique. On the other hand, it is an equally powerful attack tool. We show that scan chains can be used as a side channel to recover secret keys from a hardware implementation of the Data Encryption Standard (DES). By loading pairs of known plaintexts with one-bit difference in the normal mode and then scanning out the internal state in the test mode, we first determine the position of all scan elements in the scan chain. Then, based on a systematic analysis of the structure of the nonlinear substitution boxes, and using three additional plaintexts we discover the DES secret key. Finally, some assumptions in the attack are discussed.
PADVA: A Blockchain-Based TLS Notary Service (2019)

The TLS protocol is a de facto standard of secure client-server communication on the Internet. Unfortunately, the public-key infrastructure (PKI) deployed by TLS is a weakest-link system introducing hundreds of links (i.e., trusted entities). Consequently, an adversary compromising a single trusted entity can impersonate any website. Notary systems, based on multi-path probing, were early and promising proposals to detect and prevent such attacks. Unfortunately, despite their benefits, they are not widely deployed, mainly due to their long-standing unresolved problems. In this paper, we present Persistent and Accountable Domain Validation (PADVA), which is a next-generation blockchain-based TLS notary service. PADVA keeps notaries auditable and accountable, introduces service-level agreements and mechanisms to enforce them, relaxes availability requirements for notaries, and works with the legacy TLS ecosystem. We implemented and evaluated PADVA, and our experiments indicate its efficiency and deployability.
Petroleum group-type analysis by high resolution mass spectrometry (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPetroleum group-type analysis by high resolution mass spectrometryEmilio J. Gallegos, John William. Green, Louis P. Lindeman, Robert L. LeTourneau, and Richard M. TeeterCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 14, 1833–1838Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50157a055RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (640 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kinetics and mechanism of heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of chloroaryls in water (1999)

Coupling reactions of substituted chlorobenzenes to biphenyls catalyzed by palladium on carbon are performed in water using sodium hydroxide and sodium formate in the presence of a surface active agent. Thus, chlorobenzene, p-chloro-o-xylene, p-chloro-1,1,1-trifluorotoluene, p-chloroanisole, and p-chlorotoluene are coupled under moderate conditions to the respective biaryls. A competing reduction process occurs (e.g. chlorobenzene is reduced to benzene), which can be minimized by altering conditions. The relationship of product selectivity to reaction temperature, formate concentration, base concentration, and surfactant type is examined. The roles of formate, Pd catalyst, and surfactant are discussed. It is proposed that the reduction is dependent on the participation of palladium hydride [Pd2+(H–)2], while the coupling occurs via single electron-transfer from Pd0 to the substrate, with subsequent decomposition of the chloroaryl radical anions to obtain aryl radicals and chloride anions. This mechanism is supported by experiments with stoichiometric and sub-stoichiometric amounts of palladium which indicate that selective coupling can occur also in the absence of hydrogen (providing that reduced palladium Pd0, is present in sufficient amount), and by kinetic investigations which indicate that the coupling is actually a first-order reaction, for which the rate-determining step may be the dissociation of the chloroaryl radical anion.
Polyelectrolyte Multilayers in Tissue Engineering (2011)

The layer-by-layer assembly of sequentially adsorbed, alternating polyelectrolytes has become increasingly important over the past two decades. The ease and versatility in assembling polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) has resulted in numerous wide ranging applications of these materials. More recently, PEMs are being used in biological applications ranging from biomaterials, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. The ability to manipulate the chemical, physical, surface, and topographical properties of these multilayer architectures by simply changing the pH, ionic strength, thickness, and postassembly modifications render them highly suitable to probe the effects of external stimuli on cellular responsiveness. In the field of regenerative medicine, the ability to sequester growth factors and to tether peptides to PEMs has been exploited to direct the lineage of progenitor cells and to subsequently maintain a desired phenotype. Additional novel applications include the use of PEMs in the assembly of three-dimensional layered architectures and as coatings for individual cells to deliver tunable payloads of drugs or bioactive molecules. This review focuses on literature related to the modulation of chemical and physical properties of PEMs for tissue engineering applications and recent research efforts in maintaining and directing cellular phenotype in stem cell differentiation.
COUGH TRANSMISSION RATIO: AN INDICATOR OF SUBURETHRAL VAGINAL WALL TENSION RATHER THAN URETHRAL CLOSURE? (1990)

The significance of cough transmission ratios (CTR) in 6 unoperated and 15 previously operated patients is discussed. It is concluded that CTR is an index of periurethral muscle contractile activity, and vaginal wall tension, rather than urethral closure.
High Level Secretion of Calf Chymosin Using a Glucoamylase-prochymosin Fusion Gene in<i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> (1994)

A recombinant chymosin was secreted at high levels using fusion genes with A. oryzae glucoamylase gene (glaA) and a wheat bran solid-state culture system. Two portions of the A. oryzae glucoamylase, one with almost the entire glucoamylase (GA1-603) lacking 9 amino acids at the carboxyl terminal, and the other (GA1-511) lacking the starch binding-domain, were fused in frame with prochymosin cDNA. Western blot analysis indicated that the mature chymosin was released from the secreted fusion protein by autocatalytic processing. The transformant harboring the GA1-511-prochymosin construct showed about 5-fold chymosin production of the transformant in which the chymosin gene was directly expressed under the control of the glaA promoter in submerged culture. Moreover, wheat bran solid-state culture gave about 500-fold higher yield of the chymosin (approximately 150 mg/kg wheat bran) compared with the submerged culture.
Bone marrow declines as a site of B-cell precursor differentiation with age: relationship to thymus involution. (1994)

The rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes in B-lymphocyte precursors requires the expression of the recombination activating genes (Rag), which leads to the generation of a highly diverse B-cell repertoire. We can use the level of Rag-1 mRNA in the bone marrow as an index of its capacity to support the maturation of B lymphocytes as all detectable bone marrow Rag-1 mRNA is expressed by B-cell precursors. In mouse bone marrow, Rag-1 mRNA increases during the first 2 months of life to reach its maximal level at 2 months of age. This level is maintained until 5 months of age and thereafter declines to a minimum level by 10 months of age. Thus, bone marrow Rag-1 mRNA is highest at the time when thymic function is maximal in euthymic mice. An association between thymic activity and bone marrow Rag-1 gene expression was supported by showing a low level of bone marrow Rag-1 mRNA in athymic nude mice at an age when this gene is maximally expressed in euthymic mice. Another characteristic of B cells in nude mice is their preferential rearrangement of diversity region (D)-proximal heavy-chain variable region (VH) genes. We demonstrated that injection of syngeneic splenic T cells into nude mice not only stimulates an increase in Rag-1 mRNA in their bone marrow B-cell precursors but also restores their random use of VH genes. Most interestingly, injection of supernatant medium from phytohemagglutinin-activated splenic T-cell cultures from young euthymic mice also induces both Rag-1 mRNA in bone marrow B-cell precursors and random use of VH genes. These findings suggest that thymic function can regulate both Rag-1 gene expression and VH gene use by bone marrow B-cell precursors.
Dissolved Organic Matter in the Florida Everglades: Implications for Ecosystem Restoration (2011)

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Florida Everglades controls a number of environmental processes important for ecosystem function including the absorption of light, mineral dissolution/precipitation, transport of hydrophobic compounds (e.g., pesticides), and the transport and reactivity of metals, such as mercury. Proposed attempts to return the Everglades to more natural flow conditions will result in changes to the present transport of DOM from the Everglades Agricultural Area and the northern conservation areas to Florida Bay. In part, the restoration plan calls for increasing water flow throughout the Everglades by removing some of the manmade barriers to flow in place today. The land- and water-use practices associated with the plan will likely result in changes in the quality, quantity, and reactivity of DOM throughout the greater Everglades ecosystem. The authors discuss the factors controlling DOM concentrations and chemistry, present distribution of DOM throughout the Everglades, the potential effects of DOM on key water-quality issues, and the potential utility of dissolved organic matter as an indicator of success of restoration efforts.
Optimal aircraft control upset recovery with and without component failures (2002)

Recovery of safe flight for a particular aircraft, in a specific initial adverse condition is examined, with and without a specific control failure. It is shown that under optimal circumstances, the adverse vehicle state could be corrected with little altitude loss. In addition, a control failure which proved fatal in practice was corrected, assuming independently acting spoilers. Generalizing these results to a comprehensive set of upset scenari will be time consuming, but could offer valuable heuristic piloting insights.
Tracking Subpixel Targets with Critically Sampled Optical Sensors (2012)

In many remote sensing applications, the area of a scene sensed by a single pixel can often be measured in square meters. This means that many objects of interest in a scene are smaller than a single pixel in the resulting image. Current tracking methods rely on robust object detection using multi-pixel features. A subpixel object does not provide enough information for these methods to work. This dissertation presents a method for tracking subpixel objects in image sequences captured from a stationary sensor that is critically sampled spatially. Using template matching, we estimate the maximum a posteriori probability of the target state over a sequence of images. A distance transform is used to calculate the motion prior in linear time, dramatically decreasing computation requirements. We compare the results of this method to a previously state-of-the-art track-before-detect particle filter designed for tracking small, low contrast objects using both synthetic and real-world imagery. Results show our method produces more accurate state estimates and higher detection rates than the current state of the art methods at signal-to-noise ratios as low as 3dB.
Supplemental multilevel interconnects by laser direct writing: Application to GaAs digital integrated circuits (1987)

A nonperturbing sequence of laser direct-writing processes is described for applying supplemental multilevel interconnects on partially or fully fabricated circuits. The approach adds multiple levels of laser direct-written tungsten metallization and is demonstrated here for the assembly of a simple latch circuit on a standard GaAs digital test chip. Principal applications are for subsystem verification, device testing, restructuring, and fault avoidance on Si and GaAs circuits.
Physiological and Computed Tomographic Predictors of Outcome from Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (2009)

The RV/TLC ratio and CT measures of emphysema and its distribution are weak but statistically significant predictors of outcome after LVRS.
Antimicrobial treatment of silk with silver nanoparticles using acrylic binder (2017)

Application of silver nanoparticles with self cross-linking binders by pad-dry- cure method has been attempted in this study. Application parameters have been optimized and relevant physical, structural and antimicrobial properties are evaluated. Mechanism of the binder action is found to be impregnation or adhesion. Silver nanoparticles are fixed on the silk fibroin either by entrapping in the binder matrix or due to the adhesive force involved. FTIR studies prove that there is no chemical binding of silver nanoparticles involved. SEM image shows that the binder is impregnated in the interstitials with some amount of adherence as coating. Based on X-ray diffraction studies, the treatment is observed to be predominately in the amorphous region. The antimicrobial activity due to the treatment is found to be good and fast to drycleaning with loss in strength well within the industrial norms.
Determination of weighting polynomials in generalised minimum variance controllers (1988)

For a generalised minimum variance controller algorithm the weighting polynomials are calculated in such a way as to assign the closed-loop poles of the system and to reduce the output and control signals variances. This technique is based on the fact that the pole-assignment equation may have multiple solutions if the weighting polynomials are not of minimal order. By increasing the order of these polynomials, degrees of freedom are obtained which are utilised to minimise a linear combination of the output and control signals variances. The result is an improvement of the stochastic behaviour without change in the deterministic behaviour of the system.
Facilitating photographic documentation of accessibility in street scenes (2011)

We present two interactive approaches for assisting users with visual impairments during photographic documentation of transit accessibility. We are working on an application for camera-enabled mobile devices that drives image composition towards highlighting visual information that is expected to be most relevant. In one interaction modality the user is guided trough small device motions that are expected to center the estimated region of interest in street photographs. In the other modality, the user captures the scene while pictures are processed, and the system alerts when enough data has been collected. The image that best aligns with our attention-getting composition model is then selected for documentation purposes. The specific design of these interactions is evolving to promote small motion behaviors by the user. Future work includes user studies.
The fimbrial gene cluster of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type b (1994)

Haemophilus influenzae infections are preceded by airway colonization, a process facilitated by fimbriae. Here, we identified the complete fimbrial gene cluster of H. influenzae type b. HifA forms the major subunit. HifB, a periplasmic chaperone, and HifC, an outer membrane usher, are typical assembly genes; their inactivation abolished fimbriae formation. HifD and HifE are putative minor subunits, both participating in fimbriae biogenesis. Inactivation of either one drastically reduced fimbriae expression. HifD represents a novel type of fimbrial subunit with lipoprotein characteristics, pointing to a membrane-associated function of HifD. Transcription of all fimbrial genes is coregulated through two clustered promoters. The flanking of the fimbrial gene cluster by repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences together with a partial duplication of an adjacent unrelated operon indicated that the cluster was once inserted in the H. influenzae genome as a mobile virulence unit.
Host-guest complexation. 11. Survey of chiral recognition of amine and amino ester salts by dilocular bisdinaphthyl hosts (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHost-guest complexation. 11. Survey of chiral recognition of amine and amino ester salts by dilocular bisdinaphthyl hostsEvan P. Kyba, Joseph M. Timko, Lester J. Kaplan, Feike De Jong, George W. Gokel, and Donald J. CramCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 14, 4555–4568Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00482a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00482a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views599Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Control of domain wall pinning by a switchable magnetic gate (2006)

Magnetically coupled domain wall pinning has been investigated by means of an attached pair of ferromagnetic wires. The magnetic configuration of the paired wires (parallel or antiparallel) can be controlled by applying an external magnetic field along the wires. The strength of the pinning due to the magnetic interaction between the domain wall and the paired wires shows a significant difference between the parallel and antiparallel configurations, which is well reproduced by a micromagnetics simulation.
Acoustic properties of naturally produced clear speech at normal speaking rates (2003)

Sentences spoken "clearly" are significantly more intelligible than those spoken "conversationally" for hearing-impaired listeners in a variety of backgrounds [Picheny et al., J. Speech Hear. Res. 28, 96-103 (1985); Uchanski et al., ibid. 39, 494-509 (1996); Payton et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 1581-1592 (1994)]. While producing clear speech, however, talkers often reduce their speaking rate significantly [Picheny et al., J. Speech Hear. Res. 29, 434-446 (1986); Uchanski et al., ibid. 39, 494-509 (1996)]. Yet speaking slowly is not solely responsible for the intelligibility benefit of clear speech (over conversational speech), since a recent study [Krause and Braida, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 2165-2172 (2002)] showed that talkers can produce clear speech at normal rates with training. This finding suggests that clear speech has inherent acoustic properties, independent of rate, that contribute to improved intelligibility. Identifying these acoustic properties could lead to improved signal processing schemes for hearing aids. To gain insight into these acoustical properties, conversational and clear speech produced at normal speaking rates were analyzed at three levels of detail (global, phonological, and phonetic). Although results suggest that talkers may have employed different strategies to achieve clear speech at normal rates, two global-level properties were identified that appear likely to be linked to the improvements in intelligibility provided by clear/normal speech: increased energy in the 1000-3000-Hz range of long-term spectra and increased modulation depth of low frequency modulations of the intensity envelope. Other phonological and phonetic differences associated with clear/normal speech include changes in (1) frequency of stop burst releases, (2) VOT of word-initial voiceless stop consonants, and (3) short-term vowel spectra.
Aufgabe und Konzeption der Untersuchung (1968)

Planung kann zunächst ganz allgemein als das „. . . Entwerfen einer Ordnung, nach der sich bestimmte Vorgänge vollziehen sollen . . .“1) aufgefaßt werden. Die Aufgabe der betrieblichen Planung besteht dann offenbar im Entwurf einer Ordnung, nach welcher sich die Erstellung und der Absatz der Betriebsleistung einschließlich aller hierfür erforderlichen Beschaffungsvorgänge innerhalb des Planungszeitraumes vollziehen soll. Die Gestalt einer solchen Ordnung hängt einmal von der Zielsetzung der betrachteten Unternehmung ab, zum anderen von einem durch inner- und außerbetriebliche Gegebenheiten determinierten Datenkranz. Bei den außerbetrieblichen Gegebenheiten handelt es sich dabei im wesentlichen um die Verhältnisse auf all den Märkten, mit welchen die Unternehmung in Verbindung steht (Absatzmärkte sowie Beschaffungsmärkte aller Art). Ändern sich die Verhältnisse auf diesen Märkten im Zeitverlauf, liegen also Marktveränderungen vor, dann müssen diese in der betrieblichen Planung berücksichtigt werden.