gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A life without worms (2017)

Worms have co-evolved with humans over millions of years. To survive, they manipulate host systems by modulating immune responses so that they cause (in the majority of hosts) relatively subtle harm. Anthelminthic treatment has been promoted as a measure for averting worm specific pathology and to mitigate subtle morbidities which may include effects on anaemia, growth, cognitive function and economic activity. With our changing environment marked by rapid population growth, urbanisation, better hygiene practices and anthelminthic treatment, there has been a decline in worm infections and other infectious diseases and a rise in non-communicable diseases such as allergy, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This review reflects upon our age-old interaction with worms, and the broader ramifications of life without worms for vaccine responses and susceptibility to other infections, and for allergy-related and metabolic disease. We touch upon the controversy around the benefits of mass drug administration for the more-subtle morbidities that have been associated with worm infections and then focus our attention on broader, additional aspects of life without worms, which may be either beneficial or detrimental.
Road surface inspection using laser scanners adapted for the high precision 3D measurements of large flat surfaces (2002)

In this paper an optical configuration based on autosynchronized laser scanning is proposed for the 3D measurement of road surfaces. The advantages of this technique over classical triangulation methods are exposed. The road inspection system developed at the National Optics Institute (NOI) using this type of laser telemetry is also presented. This system uses two autosynchronized laser scanners in order to obtain transverse 3D and intensity profiles of road surfaces. Also described are simple algorithms which detect and measure rutting and cracking conditions. Results include rut measurements on both real and simulated 3D road profiles and a crack map of an actual pavement section.
Surgery of the Auricle: Tumors-Trauma-Defects-Abnormalities (2007)

1 Basic Principles 1.1 Anatomy of the External Ear 1.2 Anthropometry of the Auricle 1.3 Esthetic Principles of Auricular Reconstruction 1.4 Basic Principles of Plastic Surgery 2 Tumors of the External Ear 3 Trauma and Noninflammatory Processes 4 Classification and Surgery of Auricular Defects 5 Anomalies 5.1 Epidemiology 5.2 Embryology and Classification of Auricular Malformations 5.3 Classification and Surgery of Malformations Involving Excess Tissue* 5.4 Surgical Classification of Auricular Dysplasias 5.4.1 Grade 1 Dysplasias 5.4.2 Grade 2 Dysplasias 5.4.3 Grade 3 Dysplasias 5.4.4 Meatal Stenoses and Atresias 5.4.5 Skin Expansion in Preparation for Auricular (Re)construction 5.5 Unilateral and Bilateral Congenital Aural Atresia 5.5.1 Imaging of Petrous Bone Malformations 5.5.2 Treatment of Middle Ear Malformations: Technique and Results 5.5.3 Surgery of the Middle Ear for Grade 3 Microtia with Congenital Aural Atresia 5.5.4 Hearing Aids in the Treatment of Congenital Aural Atresia 5.6 Bone-Anchored Systems for Hearing Aids (BAHA) and Epithesis Attachment 5.7 Auricular Epitheses 5.7.1 Development of Auricular Epitheses 5.7.2 Epitheses in the Treatment of Auricular Defects 5.8 Maxillofacial Surgical Treatment of Hemifacial Microsomias 5.9 Methods of Epilation 5.10 Tissue Engineering of Human Cartilage 6 Afterword 7 Bibliography 8 Appendix 9 Subject Index
Antibacterial Activity of Carvacrol, Citral, and Geraniol against <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> in Culture Medium and on Fish Cubes (1995)

ABSTRACT Carvacrol, citral and geraniol showed potent antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium and its rifampicin‐resistant (Rif R ) strain as determined in txyptic soy broth and by zone of inhibition on agar‐based medium. Carvacrol had the most potent bactericidal activity, with minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) of 250 μg/mL for both tester strains. When tested at 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0% in 1% Tween 20 for bactericidal activity against Rif R ‐ S. typhimurium inoculated on fish cubes, carvacrol at 3.0% completely killed the inoculated bacteria, while geraniol killed most of the bacteria, and citral killed the least. Carvacrol and geranial showed potent antibacterial activity at 1.5%. Bactericidal activity became more evident as storage of fish cubes at 4°C lengthened. The comparable inhibition of these strains of Salmonella and species of Gram‐negative bacteria by carvacrol and geraniol support their application as potential antibacterial agents in food systems.
Convergent Born series for large refractive indices (1990)

It is shown that a generalized overrelaxation method, when applied to the domain integral equation that arises in scattering by penetrable objects, results in a convergent iterative solution. This modified Born series converges when the original Born series diverges for a wide range of indices of refraction and scatterer size. Moreover the modified series converges more rapidly than the original Born series in those cases for which the original series converges. Numerical examples demonstrating the effectiveness of this method are presented in one, two, and three dimensions.
1,3-Diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium-2-N,N’-diisopropylamidinat, ein neuartiges Retain [1] / 1,3-Diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium-2-N,N'-diisopropylamidinate, a Novel Betaine [1] (1999)

The imidazolium-2-amidinate 6 is obtained from the reaction of 2,3-dihydro-1,3-diisopropyl- 4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (4) with diisopropylcarbodiimide (5) as stable solid. Overcrowding causes a lowered symmetry of the amidinate fragment indicated both by structural and NMR data. The strongly basic properties of 6 allow facile protonation with HCl to the cationic amidine derivatives 7 and 8. The ketoamidine 10 is formed by a ring opening reaction of 6 with water. The X-ray structures of 6 and 10 are reported.
A family genetic study of clinical subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (2005)

Our study provides preliminary evidence of familiality of the checker subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Future studies using patients subtyped on the basis of symptom dimensions, in larger obsessive-compulsive disorder samples, are needed, to further validate the genetic basis of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Impact of group delay ripples of chirped fiber grating on optical beamforming networks (2008)

The impact of group delay ripples of chirped fiber gratings (CFG) on the performance of optical beamforming networks (OBFN) is investigated. The paper theoretically analyzes the quantified relations among the amplitude and period of CFG, the optical angle frequency interval at the inter-element arrays and the beampointing shift. The wavelength instability of the optical source is also investigated. This instability-induced phase jitter of RF signal has been verified experimentally. The theoretical models are proposed to analyze the performance of CFG-based OBFN systems.
TRANSPARENT, ABRASION-RESISTANT COATINGS FOR METAL SUBSTRATES (2001)

Novel hybrid inorganic-organic network materials have been synthesized and applied as transparent abrasion-resistant coatings for metal substrates. A specially functionalized low molecular weight organic material (diethylenetriamine) served as a precursor for all coating formulations. Combination of this functionalized organic material with metal alkoxide(s) and other alkoxysilane functional materials in the sol–gel reaction led to hybrid inorganic–organic chemical networks. While still a liquid, the initiated coating formulations were applied to the desired metal substrates by a spin coating process followed by thermal curing. The substrates used in this study included aluminum, plain steel, conversion coated steel, stainless steel, copper, and brass. A fluorinated monomer has also been utilized in selected cases to tailor the surface-free energy of the coatings. Such coatings displayed a linear increase in the water contact angle with increasing mass fraction of fluorinated monomer in the formulation. Other formulations have been explored that contain an ultraviolet absorbing species. The effects of coating formulation, cu mperature, and cure time on abrasion resistance have been determined.
BMK1 Mediates Growth Factor-induced Cell Proliferation through Direct Cellular Activation of Serum and Glucocorticoid-inducible Kinase (2001)

Activation of the mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase known as BMK1 is required for growth factor-induced cell proliferation. To understand the mechanism by which BMK1 mediates this cellular response, this kinase was used as bait in a yeast two-hybrid-based library screening. Here, we report the identification of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK) as a cellular protein that physically interacts with BMK1. During growth factor-induced cell stimulation, BMK1 activates SGK by phosphorylation at serine 78. This BMK1-mediated phosphorylation event is necessary for the activation of SGK and, more importantly, for cell proliferation induced by growth factors.
Learning Preferences and User Engagement Using Choice and Time Data (2016)

Choice decisions made by users of online applications can suffer from biases due to the users' level of engagement. For instance, low engagement users may make random choices with no concern for the quality of items offered. This biased choice data can corrupt estimates of user preferences for items. However, one can correct for these biases if additional behavioral data is utilized. To do this we construct a new choice engagement time model which captures the impact of user engagement on choice decisions and response times associated with these choice decisions. Response times are the behavioral data we choose because they are easily measured by online applications and reveal information about user engagement. To test our model we conduct online polls with subject populations that have different levels of engagement and measure their choice decisions and response times. We have two main empirical findings. First, choice decisions and response times are correlated, with strong preferences having faster response times than weak preferences. Second, low user engagement is manifested through more random choice data and faster response times. Both of these phenomena are captured by our choice engagement time model and we find that this model fits the data better than traditional choice models. Our work has direct implications for online applications. It lets these applications remove the bias of low engagement users when estimating preferences for items. It also allows for the segmentation of users according to their level of engagement, which can be useful for targeted advertising or marketing campaigns.
Inhibition of functional chemokine receptor CXCR4 reduces the production of IL-8 and VEGF by malignant human glioma cells. (2006)

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006

A109 

Chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays an important role in tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. In our previous studies, Nordy, a synthesized chiral compound of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis of various cancers. However, the effect of Nordy on CXCR4 expression in cancers is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the potential effect of Nordy on CXCR4 expression and function in human glioblastoma cell line U87. We examined the inhibitory effect of Nordy on CXCR4 by examining CXCR4 expression on U87 cells treated with Nordy. We also detected the effect of Nordy on CXCR4 function by analysis for the changes of CXCR4-induced IL-8 and VEGF production after Nordy treatment. We observed that Nordy could not only significantly decrease functional CXCR4 expression but also inhibit CXCR4-mediated IL-8 and VEGF production at both protein and mRNA levels. Our data suggest that Nordy can inhibit tumor angiogenesis practically by decreasing CXCR4 expression and blocking CXCR4 function.
Current theories for the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (2001)

Over the past decade, the prevailing view for the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has centred on the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide that accumulates in vulnerable brain areas in the disease. The amyloid cascade hypothesis postulates that the build up of Aβ in the brain causes damage to neurons, leading to dysfunction and loss of neurons, and the clinical phenotype of the amnestic dementia characteristic of AD. All known mutations that result in autosomal dominant forms of early-onset familial AD cause increased production of Aβ42, a form of Aβ that is particularly relevant in AD. Other proteins that are crucial to the pathogenesis of AD are the presenilins 1 and 2, which are intimately involved with Aβ production and when mutated in familial forms of AD cause increases in Aβ42. Currently, challenges in AD research include determining the earliest pathological effects of Aβ42, how the important AD risk factor apolipoprotein E affects the disease process, whether presenilin is the elusive γ-secretase, and how levels of Aβ can be effectively reduced therapeutically.
Research And Development Of Precision Earth Sensor (1990)

This paper describes the research and development results of the precision horizon-crossing indicator for synchronous orbit (PHIS) suitable for the attitude control of a three-axis stabilized satellite operating at transfer and geosynchronous altitude. The bread-board model (BBM) for Engineering Test Satellite-VI(ETS-VI) to be launched in Summer 1992 by NASDA JAPAN was designed, fabricated and evaluated. The evaluation test results of PHIS/BBM show the excellent earth-pointing performance with respect to its on-orbit operation. And also the environmental and reliability tests have been successfully done for the sensor critical component parts. It is believed that this earth sensor will be one of the most relible and high-accuracy instrument after the 1990's.
Effects of an off-centered tool on dipole and quadrupole logging (2006)

Abstract An acoustic logging tool in inclined or horizontal boreholes may be placed apart from the center and produce additional complicated wavefields. We investigate the effects of an off-centered tool on monopole, dipole, and quadrupole logs due to off-centering of the tool. In recent logging tools, monopole, dipole, and quadrupole logs can be obtained by adding or subtracting responses at four monopole (pressure) receiver arrays at right angles. We examine the responses of the four monopole receiver array system for three directions of eccentricity: inline direction of the dipole source (Off 0° case), crossline direction (Off 90° case), and 45° to the dipole source (Off 45° case). To simulate responses at each receiver array, we use the discrete wavenumber method. In a dipole tool positioned on the borehole axis, the inline receiver arrays have only the flexural wave while the cross receiver arrays have zero response. However, an off-centered dipole source produces nondipole modes as well as the dipole mode. For all cases with a dipole source, the dipole mode was enhanced by subtracting responses at one of the inline receiver arrays from those of the other receiver array, and we could extract the formation shear velocity. Similar to the dipole source, an off-centered quadrupole source introduces additional nonquadrupole modes. The quadrupole mode was enhanced by subtracting the sum of responses at receiver arrays below negative poles of a quadrupole source from the sum of responses at receiver arrays below positive poles for all cases. In addition, the formation shear velocity was obtained from the time semblance calculation.
A study on noise estimation based on robust equation error IIR ADF for speech (2010)

In this paper, we propose the noise estimation method based on system identification with an equation error infinite impulse response (IIR) adaptive digital filter (ADF). We have investigated the speech enhancement based on a linear prediction error filter (LPEF) and a system identification model. However, the conventional system estimates the background noise by a finite impulse response (FIR) filter, therefore, a kind of background noise, which can be estimated, is limited. In addition, the estimation accuracy of the background noise is deteriorated due to disturbance in a speech section. Thus, the robust IIR ADF is introduced to noise estimation. In case that an output error IIR ADF is used, the system has the problem of stability. On the other hand, though the equation error IIR ADF guarantees system stability, the tap coefficients converge with a bias due to disturbance. In order for an adaptive algorithm to converge without a bias, the equation error IIR ADF, which uses the correlation as an input signal, is adopted. The IIR ADF takes advantage of independence between a desired signal and disturbance. Since the disturbance does not have the correlation from the desired signal, the tap coefficients converge without the bias.
Oxoammonium Salts. 6.<sup>1</sup> 4-Acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxoammonium Perchlorate:  A Stable and Convenient Reagent for the Oxidation of Alcohols. Silica Gel Catalysis (1998)

4-Acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxoammonium perchlorate, 1, is a stable, nonhygroscopic oxoammonium salt that is easily prepared and can be used for the oxidation of alcohols to ketones or aldehydes in near quantitative yields. The reaction is colorimetric, does not require anhydrous conditions, does not involve heavy metals, and can be carried out conveniently. Furthermore, the oxidant can be easily regenerated. The oxidation is somewhat specific in that the relative reactivities of an allyl alcohol (geraniol), benzaldehyde, and 1-decanol are about 100:1:0.1. The reaction is catalyzed by silica gel.
Phase II Trial of Cabozantinib in Recurrent/Metastatic Endometrial Cancer: A Study of the Princess Margaret, Chicago, and California Consortia (NCI9322/PHL86) (2020)

Cabozantinib has activity in serous and endometrioid histology endometrial cancer. These results support further evaluation in genomically characterized patient cohorts.
Implantation of an intercostal nerve stimulator for chronic abdominal pain (2010)

Chronic abdominal pain is not uncommon and can be difficult to manage. We present the case of a 17-year-old man with a 4-year history of chronic abdominal pain. The patient had previously undergone abdominal surgery by way of laparoscopic appendicectomy and right nephrectomy for a mal-rotated kidney. The patient continued to suffer right-sided abdominal pain which was not controlled by analgesia. We report the successful implantation of a right D11 intercostal nerve stimulator to control the patient's pain. This is the first report of an implantable intercostal nerve stimulator to control intractable chronic abdominal pain.
An ultra low-voltage Gm-C filter for video applications (2003)

A new, ultra low-voltage, linear CMOS OTA is described. A 4/sub th/ order, 18 MHz low pass Butterworth Gm-C filter has been designed with this new OTA stage for video applications. In this filter, a new, fully digital approach has been used for frequency tuning. The THD of the filter, for an input signal of 0.5 V/sub PP/, is better than -60 dB. All of the circuits are designed based on a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process technology with a single 1 V power supply.
Three-dimensional information from real-time encoded images (1990)

The real-time neutron radiography facility at the University of Virginia has been used for both transmission radiography and computed tomography. Recently, a coded aperture system has been developed to permit the extraction of three-dimensional information from a low intensity field of radiation scattered by an extended object. A technique was developed to permit retrieval of information by decoding two-dimensional coded aperture images collected with a real-time video system. An RCA video camera and a DEC PDP-1 1 computer in a network with a Convex-i parallel processing mainframe were employed. This system coupled with theoretical extensions and improvements allowed retrieval of information unobtainable by earlier optical methods. The effects of thermal noise, shot noise, and aperture related artifacts were examined so that better digital filtering techniques could be constructed and implemented. The application and advantages of this imaging technique to the field of thermal neutron imaging are discussed.
The deacetylase HDAC6 is a novel critical component of stress granules involved in the stress response (2007)

An essential part of the cellular response to environmental stress is a reversible translational suppression, taking place in dynamic cytoplasmic structures called stress granules (SGs). We discovered that HDAC6, a cytoplasmic deacetylase that acts on tubulin and HSP90 and also binds ubiquitinated proteins with high affinity, is a novel critical SG component. We found that HDAC6 interacts with another SG protein, G3BP (Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1), and localizes to SGs under all stress conditions tested. We show that pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of HDAC6 abolishes SG formation. Intriguingly, we found that the ubiquitin-binding domain of HDAC6 is essential and that SGs are strongly positive for ubiquitin. Moreover, disruption of microtubule arrays or impairment of motor proteins also prevents formation of SGs. These findings identify HDAC6 as a central component of the stress response, and suggest that it coordinates the formation of SGs by mediating the motor-protein-driven movement of individual SG components along microtubules.
MILLIMETER-WAVE STRUCTURES AND POWER SOURCES (2000)

Accelerators at millimeter wavelength are of increasing interest. Technological progress and new applications are the driving forces behind. The paper reports on developments for RF structures and power sources.
El espacio judicial europeo y la fiscalía europea como órgano de investigación y persecución penal; versus modelo procesal español (2017)

En este estudio se ha analizado la evolucion de la cooperacion judicial penal donde se enmarca el nacimiento del Fiscal Europeo, teniendo en cuenta que la construccion de un espacio judicial unico ha resultado fundamental para el establecimiento de las coordenadas procesales en las que habra de enmarcarse la actuacion de este nuevo organo de persecucion criminal. La creacion del espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia, suponia ir mucho mas alla de la mera integracion economica. Sin embargo, el camino que se recorrio para alcanzarlo, hacia necesario afrontar retos, como hacer compatibles y convergentes los sistemas judiciales de los Estados miembros, y dentro de este apartado, resultaba fundamental reforzar el reconocimiento mutuo de las resoluciones y sentencias judiciales. Y con este escenario de fondo, la Fiscalia Europea viene a incorporar un modelo de proceso penal por el que se atribuye al Fiscal las facultades de investigacion y acusacion, lo que traeria consigo posibles rivalidades de criterio entre organos nacionales y europeos en el ejercicio de la funcion de persecucion del delito, debiendo de afrontarse una serie de medidas y problemas adicionales de hondo calado, en relacion con diferentes aspectos de caracter procesal y organico.