gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved gene expression in<i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> (1995)

A variety of gene expression systems have been developed that utilize the promoter and transcriptional regulatory sequences derived from carbon-catabolite repressed genes for the expression of heterologous genes. The alcA expression system of Aspergillus nidulans utilizes the promoter and regulatory sequences derived from the alcohol dehydrogenase I (alcA) gene. Expression of the alcA gene is repressed by a DNA-binding protein (CreA) in the presence of glucose and induced by ethanol under glucose-depleted conditions. One problem encountered during the expression of therapeutic proteins in A. nidulans is the coexpression of secreted proteases at the time of maximal secretion of heterologous product. To avoid the proteases we created an alcA promoter variant that is no longer sensitive to glucose repression hence could drive expression at earlier time points during the fermentation. The use of this promoter variant in the expression of recombinant interleukin-6 is discussed. A second problem encountered during the expression of high-quality human therapeutic proteins in Aspergillus is aberrant glycosylation. Lower eukaryotic systems, such as Aspergillus, tend to add highly branched mannosidic chains to heterologous secreted protein products. N-Glycans can be important for both the structure and function of specific glycoproteins, hence efforts are being made to in vivo alter the type and complexity of N-glycans substituted by A. nidulans. Key words: Aspergillus, gene expression, alcohol dehydrogenase, glycosylation.
Public Key-Based Rendezvous Infrastructure for Secure and Flexible Private Networking (2009)

Secure private networking over the Internet is difficult especially when trying to form a new network with private servers and hosts that belong to different administrative domains. Although such form of private network is useful as a closed group communication environment, simply applying existing VPN technologies is not sufficient. Not to mention common problems such as NAT and firewall traversal, potential collision of private IP addresses among networks makes their interconnection extremely difficult. In addition, access control inside the private network is required in order to prevent inappropriate access to other users' network resources. In this paper, we propose a public key-based rendezvous infrastructure and user-side VPN agents that can instantly interconnect multiple private networks while automatically mediating address collision and enforcing appropriate access control on cross domain communication by utilizing Zeroconf technologies. We built the rendezvous infrastructure using DHT technologies in order to achieve good scalability and implemented the VPN agent for Linux-based embedded devices so that users can run it on their residential gateway or wireless router.
A Better Understanding of Image Recovery Mixers (1981)

This paper discusses different forms of microwave mixers which exhibit image rejection characteristics using phasing techniques. Mixers operating in S, X and J(Ku) bands have been evaluated and the results are discussed.
Liposomal Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System (2017)

Central nervous system diseases represent a huge world of burden of human suffering with negative economic results. Most therapeutic compounds cannot attain the brain because of the blood-brain barrier and its expression of efflux transporters. Among them, the P-glycoprotein plays a significant role leading to failure of various clinical treatments. A non-invasive strategy to circumvent the blood-brain barrier and P-glycoprotein emphasizes on the encapsulation and therefore masking of therapeutic compounds in drug delivery systems. Up to now, liposomes are the most widely studied drug delivery systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and less toxicity. The incorporation of polyethylene glycol-lipid derivatives within the bilayer of conventional liposomes significantly prolongs liposomal cargo half-life by steric stabilization. Interestingly, an increased brain accumulation of liposomal cargo is achieved by coupling targeting moieties on liposomes surface. These targeting moieties such as peptides or monoclonal antibodies recognize the biochemical transport systems at the blood-brain barrier and mediate the transport of liposomes and their cargo across this barrier. Moreover, stimuli-sensitive liposomes are programmed for cargo release when exposed to a particular microenvironment. Hence, this chapter highlights the potential liposomal applications for delivery of therapeutic compounds as well as diagnostic tools or both, in major central nervous system diseases.
Age-related Changes in the Brain of the Dog (1999)

Although many age-related changes have been described in the nervous system of different species, few authors have specifically studied the topic. Knowledge of such changes is essential to veterinary pathologists, who must distinguish the lesions of specific pathologic processes from those arising as a result of normal aging. The brains of 20 old dogs, ranging in age from 8 to 18 years, were compared with those of 10 young dogs using routine staining techniques (hematoxilin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff), special staining techniques (periodic acid-methenamine silver stain), and immunohistochemical techniques to detect glial fibrillary acid protein, neurofilaments, ubiquitin, and beta-amyloid. Changes affected meninges and choroid plexuses, meningeal and parenchymal vessels, neurons, and glial cells. Of special interest was the presence of polyglucosan bodies, cerebrovascular amyloid deposition, senile plaques, and ubiquitinated bodies. Some of the age-related changes found, particularly lipofuscin, polyglucosan bodies, and beta-amyloid protein deposition, may play a role in the pathogenesis of the canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome. The dog could be used as a natural animal model for the study of normal aging and human neurodegenerative diseases.
1.55 /spl mu/m polarisation independent semiconductor optical amplifier with 25 dB fiber to fiber gain (1994)

Using a tapered in width square active waveguide and bulk InGaAsP/InP material we demonstrate a polarisation independent amplifier structure operating at 1550 nm with a reduced far-field divergence. Improvement of coupling efficiency enables us to achieve a 25 dB fiber to fiber gain together with 9 dBm fiber saturation output power for 150 mA bias current. A 200 ps gain recovery time allows fast gating or wavelength conversion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fluoride Inhibition of <i>Klebsiella aerogenes</i> Urease:  Mechanistic Implications of a Pseudo-uncompetitive, Slow-Binding Inhibitor (2000)

Klebsiella aerogenes urease uses a dinuclear nickel active site to catalyze the hydrolysis of urea. Here, we describe the steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics of urease inhibition by fluoride. Urease is slowly inhibited by fluoride in both the presence and absence of substrate. Steady-state rate studies yield parallel double-reciprocal plots; however, we show that fluoride interaction with urease is not compatible with classical uncompetitive inhibition. Rather, we propose that fluoride binds to an enzyme state (E) that is in equilibrium with resting enzyme (E) and produced during catalysis. Fluoride binding rates are directly proportional to inhibitor concentration. Substrate reduces both the rate of fluoride binding to urease and the rate of fluoride dissociation from the complex, consistent with urea binding to E and E.F in addition to E. Fluoride inhibition is pH-dependent due to a protonation event linked to fluoride dissociation. Fluoride binding is pH-independent, suggesting that fluoride anion, not HF, is the actual inhibitor. We assess the kinetic results in terms of the known protein crystal structure and evaluate possible molecular interpretations for the structure of the E state, the site of fluoride binding, and the factors associated with fluoride release. Finally, we note that the apparent uncompetitive inhibition by fluoride as reported for several other metalloenzymes may need to be reinterpreted in terms of fluoride interaction with the corresponding E states.
Serum Lipids, Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins in Patients with Senile Dementia. (1992)

Serum lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and sterol profiles were studied in 22 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and 29 patients with vascular dementia (VD). Levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower in both patients groups of SDAT and VD than in control group. Apolipoprotein AI and AII are two major proteins in HDL. In this study, apolipoprotein AI levels were normal, but apolipoprotein AII levels were lower in the patient groups, especially in the VD group, than in the control group. Lipoprotein(a) levels were higher in both patient groups, especially in the VD group. There were no differences of cholesterol, cholesterol precursors (desmosterol and lathosterol), and plant sterols (campesterol and beta-sitosterol) among the three groups. Murine apolipoprotein AII is a serum precursor of murine senile amyloid protein, and the apolipoprotein AII variant with proline-->glutamine substitution at position 5 in the serum of accelerated senescence-prone mice is identical to the murine senile amyloid fibril protein from amyloid-deposited tissues of these mice. In human SDAT and VD, the reason for the low level of apolipoprotein AII remains unclear.
Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Guidelines, Fair and Square (2021)

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions are fundamental to energy transformation reactions in natural and artificial systems and are increasingly recognized in areas such as catalysis and synthetic chemistry. The interdependence of proton and electron transfer brings a mechanistic richness of reactivity, including various sequential and concerted mechanisms. Delineating between different PCET mechanisms and understanding why a particular mechanism dominates are crucial for the design and optimization of reactions that use PCET. This Perspective provides practical guidelines for how to discern between sequential and concerted mechanisms based on interpretations of thermodynamic data with temperature-, pressure-, and isotope-dependent kinetics. We present new PCET-zone diagrams that show how a mechanism can switch or even be eliminated by varying the thermodynamic (Δ<i>G</i><sub>PT</sub><sup>°</sup> and Δ<i>G</i><sub>ET</sub><sup>°</sup>) and coupling strengths for a PCET system. We discuss the appropriateness of asynchronous concerted PCET to rationalize observations in organic reactions, and the distinction between hydrogen atom transfer and other concerted PCET reactions. Contemporary issues and future prospects in PCET research are discussed.
<i>Nab</i>-paclitaxel and carboplatin with or without trastuzumab (trast) as part of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in patients (pts) with stage II-III breast cancer (BC) (2008)

567 Background: Pathologic complete response (pCR) and minimal residual cancer burden (RCB) after NCT may predict improved survival (Symmans et al. J Clin Oncol 25:4414–22, 2007). Hence, improved NCT regimens and molecular markers that predict both response and/or resistance are needed. Methods: Pts with stages II-III HER2 - BC were prospectively randomized to receive 6 cycles of docetaxel 75 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 with filgrastim support (TAC, arm A) versus a novel regimen of A 60 mg/m2 and C 600 mg/m2 given every 2 weeks x 4, followed by 3 weekly doses of carboplatin (AUC 2) and nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 given every 4 weeks x 3 cycles ( arm B). Pts with HER2 + BC received NCT similar to arm B but with the addition of 12 weekly doses of tras given with carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel (arm C). Core biopsies were performed prior to and mid-NCT, and samples were procured at surgery. When feasible, specimens from each time point were preserved fresh frozen, in RNA-later, as well as formalin-fixed in paraffin, and in ethanol. Results: Of 52 pts accrued, 40 pts (median age: 50 years; range, 31–69) with stages II (n:18) and III BC (n: 22, including 9 with inflammatory BC) have completed NCT, and 39 pts undergone surgery (1 pt refused). Fifty-eight percent of BC were ER-positive and 25% were HER2+. Eighty percent of pts on Arm A received all planned NCT cycles, while 100% and 90% of pts received all cycles on arms B and C. Grade 3 reversible neuropathies were seen in arm B (n: 2, 13%)n and C (n:1, 10%). Grade 3/4 neutropenia or neutropenic fever were more prevalent on Arm A (67 % and 20%) versus arm B (33% and 0%). pCR and minimal RCB as response to PCT were observed as follows: arm A (n:15):7% and 23%; Arm B (n: 14): 7% and 23 %; Arm C (n:10): 40% and 0 %. Microarray analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of HER2, EGFR, IGFR, and p-Stat3, p-AKT, p-Src, Survivin, P21, P27, Ki67 are ongoing. Conclusions: The addition of carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel with or without trastuzumab is feasible and active as NCT. The results of planned comparative interim analysis (set to occur after 17 pts each will have completed NCT) and correlative studies will be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration NCI
Characterization and Catalytic Activity of Core−Shell Structured Gold/Palladium Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Sonochemical Method (2000)

This is a report regarding the preparation of nanosized gold/palladium bimetallic particles utilizing a cavitation phenomenon induced by irradiation of high-intensity ultrasound in an aqueous solution of gold(III) and palladium(II) ions. The particles are found to be composed of gold-core and palladium-shell by a transmission electron microscopic and nanoarea energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analyses. Sodium dodecyl sulfate added to the sample solution is found to be a stabilizer for the nanoparticles generated as well as an important source of reducing species for noble metal ions. The thickness of a palladium shell and the size of a gold core seem to depend on the ratio of the concentrations of noble metal ions. The morphological differences in the sonochemical and radiochemical products suggest that the formation of a core−shell structure can be affected by the physical effects of ultrasound, such as effective stirring, microjet stream, or shock wave during the collapse of a cavitation bubble. Bimetallic nanoparticles show higher activities for the hydrogenation of 4-pentenoic acid than for those of the mixtures of monometallic nanoparticles with a corresponding gold/palladium ratio. When the gold/palladium ratio is 1:4, the activity of the bimetallic particles is about three times higher than that of palladium monometallic nanoparticles prepared under the same conditions.
Progress towards viridin: synthesis of the pentacyclic furanosteroid ring system via o-benzoquinonoid cycloadditions (1999)

F. E. S. Souza and R. Rodrigo, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1947 DOI: 10.1039/A905731E
Distribution, structure and biosynthetic gene families of (1,3;1,4)‐β‐glucan in <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (2015)

In cereals, the presence of soluble polysaccharides including (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan has downstream implications for human health, animal feed and biofuel applications. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a versatile crop, but there are limited reports regarding the content of such soluble polysaccharides. Here, the amount of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan present in sorghum tissues was measured using a Megazyme assay. Very low amounts were present in the grain, ranging from 0.16%-0.27% (w/w), while there was a greater quantity in vegetative tissues at 0.12-1.71% (w/w). The fine structure of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, as denoted by the ratio of cellotriosyl and cellotetraosyl residues, was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ranged from 2.6-3:1 in the grain, while ratios in vegetative tissues were lower at 2.1-2.6:1. The distribution of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan was examined using a specific antibody and observed with fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Micrographs showed a variable distribution of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan influenced by temporal and spatial factors. The sorghum orthologs of genes implicated in the synthesis of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in other cereals, such as the Cellulose synthase-like (Csl) F and H gene families were defined. Transcript profiling of these genes across sorghum tissues was carried out using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, indicating that, as in other cereals, CslF6 transcripts dominated.
SO2 Emission Control and Finding a Way Out to Produce Sulphuric Acid from Industrial SO2 Emission (2015)

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is one of a group of highly reactive gases known as “oxides of sulphur”. SO2 is linked with a number of adverse effects on the respiratory system and other environmental issues. It is an important industrial emission gas which causes several difficulties in the environment like acid rain. Sulphur dioxide is a ubiquitous component of fuel combustion exhausts and one of the first air pollutants to be regulated all over world. Several approaches have been adopted to reduce SO2 content in the environment. One of the most difficult environmental problems facing industry is how to economically control SO2 emissions. Conversion of H2SO4 from SO2, which could be a great impact on reducing pollution. Production of sulphuric acid is one of the best choice considering its economical values and utilities. This paper addresses the different processes to control SO2 and to use SO2 in most economic and productive way to reduce SO2 effect in environment. A review of various treatment methods has been provided and a brief description of each process has been included and their technical applicability is also compared.
Four types of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals in naive CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T cells after stimulation with T cell agonists, partial agonists and antagonists (1997)

Stimulation of T cells via the T cell receptor (TCR) leads to an increase intracellular in free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) and the activation of the MAP kinase signaling pathway. This study analyzes for the first time Ca2+ fluxes in naive cytotoxic T cells stimulated with full agonists, partial agonists, or antagonists. Four different types of Ca2+ responses could be observed. Full agonists triggered a strong and sustained increase in [Ca2+]i. In contrast, partial T cell agonists induced either a strong but transient Ca2+ flux or very low to no increases in [Ca2+]i, while T cell antagonists failed to induce any measurable Ca2+ flux. The ability of peptides to induce elevated [Ca2+]i perfectly paralleled their ability to trigger TCR internalization and T cell activation. Thus, stimulation of naive cytotoxic T cells with a panel of defined altered peptide ligands reveals a consistent picture, where Ca2+ fluxes predict agonist, partial agonist and antagonist properties of peptides.
Treatment of atrial fibrillation in a district general hospital. (1994)

Standard investigations were inadequately used in patients with atrial fibrillation and there was a reluctance to perform cardioversion or to start anticoagulant treatment.
Streamline upwind formulations for advection-diffusion, Navier-Stokes, and first-order hyperbolic equations. (1982)

Nanomedicine requires intelligent and non-toxic nanomaterials for real clinical applications. Carbon materials possess interesting properties but with some limitations due to toxic effects. Interest in carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) is increasing because they are considered green materials with tunable optical properties, overcoming the problem of toxicity associated with quantum dots or nanocrystals, and can be utilized as smart drug delivery systems. Using black tea as a raw material, we synthesized CNPs with a narrow size distribution, tunable optical properties covering visible to deep red absorption, non-toxicity and easy synthesis for large-scale production. We utilized these CNPs to label subcellular structures such as exosomes. More importantly, these new CNPs can escape lysosomal sequestration and rapidly distribute themselves in the cytoplasm to release doxorubicin (doxo) with better efficacy than the free drug. The release of doxo from CNPs was optimal at low pH, similar to the tumour microenvironment. These CNPs were non-toxic in mice and reduced the tumour burden when loaded with doxo due to an improved pharmacokinetics profile. In summary, we created a new delivery system that is potentially useful for improving cancer treatments and opening a new window for tagging microvesicles utilized in liquid biopsies.
A NOTE ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE SULPHATES BY ACID HYDROLYSIS (1963)

Research Article| August 01 1963 A NOTE ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE SULPHATES BY ACID HYDROLYSIS DA REES DA REES Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1963) 88 (2): 343–345. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0880343 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation DA REES; A NOTE ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE SULPHATES BY ACID HYDROLYSIS. Biochem J 1 August 1963; 88 (2): 343–345. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0880343 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1963 The Biochemical Society1963 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Liposomal Formulation Increases Local Delivery of Amphotericin from Bone Cement: A Pilot Study (2012)

Liposomal amphotericin has greater amphotericin release from ALBC than amphotericin deoxycholate. Compressive strength of liposomal amphotericin ALBC decreases to less than recommended for implant fixation. Local toxicity data are needed before liposomal amphotericin ALBC can be used clinically.
Integrated optical Bragg-grating-based chemical sensor on a curved input edge waveguide structure (1999)

A novel integrated optical chemical sensor based on a surface-relief Bragg grating in a waveguide with a curved input edge, and coated with a chemically sensitive polysiloxane cladding, is described. The curved edge provides a mechanism within the device fabrication that allows for alignment of the input beam to the grating to achieve Bragg scattering. As proof of principle, a low-parts-in-10(6) toluene-vapor sensor with a fast response time is demonstrated.
Properties of human foamy virus relevant to its development as a vector for gene therapy (1999)

The Spumaviridae (foamy viruses) are increasingly being considered as potential vectors for gene therapy, yet little has been documented of their basic cell biology. This study demonstrates that human foamy virus (HFV) has a broad tropism and that the receptor for HFV is expressed not only on many mammalian, but on avian and reptilian cells. Receptor interference assays using an envelope-expressing cell line and a vesicular stomatitis virus/HFV pseudotype virus demonstrate that the cellular receptor is common to all primate members of the genus. The majority of foamy virus particles assemble and remain sequestered intracellularly. A rapid and quantitative method of assaying foamy virus infectivity by reverse transcriptase activity facilitates the use of classical protocols to increase infectious virus titres in vitro to > or = 10(6) TCID/ml.
Effect of short-term ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate pretreatment on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats (2011)

Short-term pretreatment with OKG before induction of I/R decreases tissue damage, increases pyruvate utilization for energy production in the Krebs cycle and does not attenuate the oxidative stress in this animal model.