gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Oligomerization of Butadiene with an Iron Complex Catalyst (1965)

Abstract The oligomerization of butadiene with the catalyst system of iron(III) acetylacetonate and triethylaluminum has been studied. The products obtained by the use of this catalyst consist of two types, one of which is dimers and trimers, and the other is polybutadiene, with an average polymerization degree of seven. The dimers are 3-methylhepta-1, 4, 6-triene and cycloocta-1, 5-diene. The trimers have been confirmed to be n-dodeca-1, 3, 6, 10-tetraene and a branched isomer. The effects of the ratio of the catalyst components to the concentration of the catalyst have been also studied. From these results, it has been concluded that oligomerization proceeds by a mechanism different from that of polymerization. To elucidate a transition state for oligomerization, the visible light spectra and the magnetic susceptibility of the reaction solution have been measured and a complex in which butadiene coordinates to reduced iron atom has been assumed as the transition state.
Direct writing of 10 nm features with the scanning tunneling microscope (1988)

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been used to write metallic lines and carbon lines with linewidths as small as 10 nm. Organometallic gases or surface organic contamination can be decomposed to deposit these lines in a single step. Computer control of the STM allows precise patterning of these lines on a silicon substrate.
Characterization of Storage Proteins in Wild (<i>Glycine soja</i>) and Cultivated (<i>Glycine max</i>) Soybean Seeds Using Proteomic Analysis (2006)

A combined proteomic approach was applied for the separation, identification, and comparison of two major storage proteins, beta-conglycinin and glycinin, in wild (Glycine soja) and cultivated (Glycine max) soybean seeds. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) with three different immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips was an effective method to separate a large number of abundant and less-abundant storage proteins. Most of the subunits of beta-conglycinin were well-separated in the pH range 3.0-10.0, while acidic and basic glycinin polypeptides were well-separated in pH ranges 4.0-7.0 and 6.0-11.0, respectively. Although the overall distribution pattern of the protein spots was similar in both genotypes using pH 3.0-10.0, variations in number and intensity of protein spots were better resolved using a combination of pH 4.0-7.0 and pH 6.0-11.0. The total number of storage protein spots detected in wild and cultivated genotypes was approximately 44 and 34, respectively. This is the first study reporting the comparison of protein profiles of wild and cultivated genotypes of soybean seeds using proteomic tools.
A path-based traffic control method for green networks (2010)

With the power consumed by networks expected to increase rapidly due to significant growth forecast in traffic volumes, green networks that reduce CO 2 emissions are becoming increasingly important. Besides the energy-saving technologies currently under development for application to individual devices, technology that provides system-wide energy-savings for networks overall will be necessary to achieve green networks. In this paper, we propose a path-based traffic control method that achieves green networks by controlling the usage probability of pre-defined multiple paths to bring about a situation where some nodes can transition to sleep state when the traffic volume is small. The behavior and efficiency of the proposed method was evaluated using a simulation. From the simulation results, we confirm that the proposed method controls traffic in a timely and stable way in accordance with the variation in traffic, and saves energy during off peak times.
Data Structure Consistency Using Atomic Operations in Storage Devices (2008)

Managing concurrency is a fundamental requirement for any multi-threaded system, frequently implemented by serializing critical code regions or using object locks on shared resources. Storage systems are one case of this, where multiple clients may wish to access or modify on-disk objects concurrently yet safely. Data consistency may be provided by an inter-client protocol, or it can be implemented in the file system server or storage device. In this work we demonstrate ways of enabling atomic operations on object-based storage devices (OSDs), in particular, the compare-and-swap and fetch-and-add atomic primitives. With examples from basic disk resident data structures to higher level applications like file systems, we show how atomics-capable storage devices can be used to solve consistency requirements of distributed algorithms. Offloading consistency management to storage devices obviates the need for dedicated lock manager servers.
Living Cell Study at The Single-Molecule and Single-Cell Levels by Atomic Force Microscopy (2012)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been emerging as a multifunctional molecular tool in nanobiology and nanomedicine. This review summarizes the recent advances in AFM study of living mammalian cells at the single-molecule and single-cell levels. Besides nanoscale imaging of cell membrane structure, AFM-based force measurements on living cells are mainly discussed. These include the development and application of single-molecule force spectroscopy to investigate ligand-receptor binding strength and dissociation dynamics, and the characterization of cell mechanical properties in a physiological environment. Molecular manipulation of cells by AFM to change the cellular process is also described. Living-cell AFM study offers a new approach to understand the molecular mechanisms of cell function, disease development and drug effect, as well as to develop new strategies to achieve single-cell-based diagnosis.
Components of Muscat Raisin Fusel Oil (1961)

A sample of fusel oil obtained during the distillation of wine from Muscat of Alexandria raisins was analyzed. The composition in detail of the fraction with boiling range higher than that of isoamyl alcohol was determined. The higher boiling fraction (15 per cent of the total fusel oil) consisted of the following positively identified compounds: 25 per cent ethyl caprate, 13 per cent ethyl laurate, 13 per cent ethyl caprylate, 12 per cent 2-phenethyl acetate, 4 per cent isoamyl caprate, 3 per cent ethyl palmitate, 3 per cent isoamyl laurate, 2 per cent ethyl pelargonate, 2 per cent isoamyl caprylate, 1.5 per cent ethyl myristate; small amounts of: ethyl pentadecanoate, n-propyl caprylate, isobutyl caprylate, isoamyl caproate, act.-amyl caprylate, act.amyl caprate, acf.-amyl laurate, traces of act.-amyl caproate, acetic, caproic, caprylic capric and isovaleric acids and 4 per cent of n-hexyl alcohol. Probably present were: n-hexyl acetate, ethyl caproate, isobutyl Calorate, ethyl heptanoate, isoamyl myristate, act.-amyl myristate, isobutyric acid, heptanoic acid, pelargonic acid, a heptanoate ester and a pelargonate ester. The fact that the major esters found are similar in nature and amounts to those of previous investigations indicates that the esters probably are formed during the fermentation and distillation and do not represent those present in the source material. The pleasant odors of the esters isolated suggest that they might well be reincorporated in small amounts in the product brandy.
Seven-membered conjugated carbo- and heterocyclic compounds and their homoconjugated analogs and metal complexes. Synthesis, biosynthesis, structure, and reactivity (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeven-membered conjugated carbo- and heterocyclic compounds and their homoconjugated analogs and metal complexes. Synthesis, biosynthesis, structure, and reactivityFrancesco PietraCite this: Chem. Rev. 1973, 73, 4, 293–364Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60284a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60284a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1463Altmetric-Citations175LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
123. Gene Editing as a Therapeutic Approach to Treat IPEX Syndrome (2016)

Site-specific gene editing combined with autologous stem cell transplantation holds tremendous potential to treat both inherited and acquired diseases. However, the translational applications of gene editing are limited by the challenge of achieving sufficient levels of gene targeting in human primary cells. Recent advances in gene editing, including use of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, nuclease-resistant chemically modified small guide RNAs (sgRNAs), and serotype-optimized AAV delivery of donor repair DNA templates, are enabling clinically relevant levels of gene editing in human primary cells. Here, we build upon these advances to develop a gene editing strategy to treat the immune-dysregulation polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-X-linked (IPEX) syndrome, a severe primary immune deficiency manifesting with life-threatening multi-organ autoimmunity in children. IPEX is caused by mutations in the forkhead box protein 3 gene (FOXP3), resulting in dysfunction of T regulatory cells (Tregs) and T effector cell lymphoproliferation. Due to the presence of disease causative mutations throughout the entire FOXP3 gene and the complex nature of FOXP3 regulatory elements, we designed a strategy to functionally correct the gene in IPEX patient cells using on-target, homology directed repair (HDR)-mediated insertion of the FOXP3 coding sequence into the gene locus. By targeting the FOXP3 gene using a CRISPR system comprised of Cas9 mRNA and chemically modified sgRNAs, we were able to attain high targeting frequencies, reaching 70-80% in human primary CD4+ T cells. We use this CRISPR system in combination with a repair donor DNA template delivered with AAV to demonstrate FOXP3 gene correction in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In addition to gene correction of FOXP3, we use a similar strategy in parallel to knockout FOXP3 in wild-type human CD34+ HSPCs. We use the knockout HSPCs to generate a humanized mouse model of FOXP3 dysfunction, which enables us to study the pathophysiology of IPEX and to ultimately test the efficacy of gene-corrected Treg cell-based therapies. These results will help demonstrate the feasibility of FOXP3 gene editing, which we propose for the translational application of autologous transplant of Tregs and HSPCs as a therapy for IPEX syndrome.
A Systematic Controller-Design Approach for Neutral-Point-Clamped Three-Level Inverters (2005)

This paper proposes a simple linear feedback-based control technique that ensures zero-neutral-point (NP) potential in three-level voltage-source inverters. The technique works even under dynamic load conditions and enables the decoupled control of the direct and in-quadrature load currents. The technique is based on the relative-gain-array (RGA) approach, which has been successfully used in the control of chemical-engineering processes. The resulting scheme allows the use of outer control loops to set the direct and in-quadrature load currents as required for the specific application (e.g., adjustable speed drives). Experimental results prove the theoretical considerations and show the simplicity of the proposed control scheme.
A current density analysis tool to identify BEOL fails under ESD stress (2011)

BEOL Metal structures were characterized for defining ESD current handling capability, once a failure criterion is established; a current density analysis tool is used to simulate the results. The current density tool can identify metal fails for simple structures and needs update for complex current path. The tool is important for a designer to verify and update any weak path that may degrade the design.
An Administrative Claims Measure Suitable for Profiling Hospital Performance on the Basis of 30-Day All-Cause Readmission Rates Among Patients With Heart Failure (2008)

This claims-based model of hospital risk-standardized readmission rates for heart failure patients produces estimates that may serve as surrogates for those derived from a medical record model.
The house of flexibility: using the QFD approach to deploy manufacturing flexibility (2002)

We use the methodology from quality function deployment (QFD) for linking manufacturing flexibility to market requirements. This approach creates a framework for modelling the deployment of the need for flexibility from the customers’ viewpoints into manufacturing flexibility at various hierarchical levels. We present an application of the methodology in a real case study at a firm where a manufacturing system was being redesigned for the manufacture of a new and wider range of products than previously, based on a new product platform. Based on the case study we discuss the benefits and limitations of using the QFD approach to deploy manufacturing flexibility. The paper also presents a literature review of the manufacturing flexibility framework arena.
Design principles of telecobalt collimators (1977)

The design steps which lead to a collimator which meets the four main requirements of the clinical user are outlined. These requirements are: production of the minimum penumbra, display of the clinically effective radiation field at all times, a beam-defining light field equal to the radiation field and trimmed penumbra such that for all positions of the trimmer block the system remains consistent with the second and third requirements.
Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Biological Evaluation of Thioxoquinazoline Derivatives as Phosphodiesterase 7 Inhibitors (2009)

PDE7 inhibitors regulate pro-inflammatory and immune T-cell functions, and are a potentially novel class of drugs especially useful in the treatment of a wide variety of immune and inflammatory disorders. Starting from our lead family of thioxoquinazolines, we designed, synthesized, and characterized a novel series of thioxoquinazoline derivatives. Many of these compounds showed inhibitory potencies at sub-micromolar levels against the catalytic domain of PDE7A1 and at the micromolar level against PDE4D2. Cell-based studies showed that these compounds not only increased intracellular cAMP levels, but also had interesting anti-inflammatory properties within a therapeutic window. The in silico data predict that these compounds are capable of the crossing the blood-brain barrier. The X-ray crystal structure of the PDE7A1 catalytic domain in complex with compound 15 at a resolution of 2.4 A demonstrated that hydrophobic interactions at the active site pocket are a key feature. This structure, together with molecular modeling, provides insight into the selectivity of the PDE inhibitors and a template for the discovery of new PDE7 or PDE7/PDE4 dual inhibitors.
Inhibition of Homologous Recombination by the Plasmid MucA′B Complex (1999)

By its functional interaction with a RecA polymer, the mutagenic UmuD'C complex possesses an antirecombination activity. We show here that MucA'B, a functional homolog of the UmuD'C complex, inhibits homologous recombination as well. In F- recipients expressing MucA'B from a Ptac promoter, Hfr x F- recombination decreased with increasing MucA'B concentrations down to 50-fold. In damage-induced pKM101-containing cells expressing MucA'B from the native promoter, recombination between a UV-damaged F lac plasmid and homologous chromosomal DNA decreased 10-fold. Overexpression of MucA'B together with UmuD'C resulted in a synergistic inhibition of recombination. RecA[UmuR] proteins, which are resistant to UmuD'C inhibition of recombination, are inhibited by MucA'B while promoting MucA'B-promoted mutagenesis efficiently. The data suggest that MucA'B and UmuD'C contact a RecA polymer at distinct sites. The MucA'B complex was more active than UmuD'C in promoting UV mutagenesis, yet it did not inhibit recombination more than UmuD'C does. The enhanced mutagenic potential of MucA'B may result from its inherent superior capacity to assist DNA polymerase in trans-lesion synthesis. In the course of this work, we found that the natural plasmid pKM101 expresses around 45,000 MucA and 13,000 MucB molecules per lexA(Def) cell devoid of LexA. These molecular Muc concentrations are far above those of the chromosomally encoded Umu counterparts. Plasmid pKM101 belongs to a family of broad-host-range conjugative plasmids. The elevated levels of the Muc proteins might be required for successful installation of pKM101-like plasmids into a variety of host cells.
A scalable method for visualising changes in portfolio data (2003)

In this paper techniques from multidimensional scaling and graph drawing are coupled to provide an overview-and-detail style method for visualising a high dimensional dataset whose attributes change over time. The method is shown to be useful for the visualisation of movements within a large set of fund manager&apos;s stock portfolios.
Two-Year Pulmonary Safety and Efficacy of Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera) in Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2008)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 2-year pulmonary safety of inhaled human insulin (Exubera [EXU]) in 635 nonsmoking adults with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Patients were randomly assigned to receive prandial EXU or subcutaneous insulin (regular or short-acting) plus basal (intermediate- or long-acting) insulin. The primary end points were the annual rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO). RESULTS—Small differences in FEV1 favoring subcutaneous insulin developed during the first 3 months but did not progress. Adjusted treatment group differences in FEV1 annual rate of change were −0.007 l/year (90% CI −0.021 to 0.006) between months 0 and 24 and 0.000 l/year (−0.016 to 0.016) during months 3–24. Treatment group differences in DLCO annual rate of change were not significant. Both groups sustained similar reductions in A1C by month 24 (last observation carried forward) (EXU 7.7–7.3% vs. subcutaneous insulin 7.8–7.3%). Reductions in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were greater with EXU than with subcutaneous insulin (adjusted mean treatment difference −12.4 mg/dl [90% CI −19.7 to −5.0]). Incidence of hypoglycemia was comparable in both groups. Weight increased less with EXU than with subcutaneous insulin (−1.3 kg [−1.9 to −0.7]). Adverse events were comparable, except for a higher incidence of mild cough and dyspnea with EXU. CONCLUSIONS—Two-year prandial EXU therapy showed a small nonprogressive difference in FEV1 and comparable sustained A1C improvement but lower FPG levels and less weight gain than seen in association with subcutaneous insulin in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Viral Encounters with 2′,5′-Oligoadenylate Synthetase and RNase L during the Interferon Antiviral Response (2007)

RNA cleavage is a fundamental host response for controlling viral infections in both plants and animals ([26][1]). In higher vertebrates, this process is often regulated by interferons (IFNs), a family of antiviral cytokines discovered 50 years ago ([50][2]). One of the principal IFN antiviral
Abrogating cholesterol esterification suppresses growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer (2016)

Cancer cells are known to execute reprogramed metabolism of glucose, amino acids and lipids. Here, we report a significant role of cholesterol metabolism in cancer metastasis. By using label-free Raman spectromicroscopy, we found an aberrant accumulation of cholesteryl ester in human pancreatic cancer specimens and cell lines, mediated by acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) enzyme. Expression of ACAT-1 showed a correlation with poor patient survival. Abrogation of cholesterol esterification, either by an ACAT-1 inhibitor or by shRNA knockdown, significantly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Mechanically, ACAT-1 inhibition increased intracellular free cholesterol level, which was associated with elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress and caused apoptosis. Collectively, our results demonstrate a new strategy for treating metastatic pancreatic cancer by inhibiting cholesterol esterification.
Precipitation and separation of chloride and sulfate ions from aqueous solutions: Basic experimental performance and modelling (1998)

Abstract An experimental database for the precipitation of chloride and sulfate salts associated with six cations (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, barium, and strontium) from aqueous solutions was generated using isopropylamine as the precipitation agent. Consistency tests performed on the acquired precipitation data indicated a high level of experimental consistency. The precipitation fractions (P) of all chloride salts (at 5,000 and 10,000 mg/L) over the studied range of solvents volume ratios (V R ) were approximately identical and their small variations were within their experimental uncertainty. The P of sulfate salts (1,000 mg/L) over the studied range of V R were appreciably varied. A framework derived from thermodynamic principles of liquid‐liquid equilibrium criteria was developed to correlate the precipitation data. The activity coefficient of a given salt in a reference solvent (water) was related to the activity coefficient of such a salt in a mixed‐solvent mixture (water and organic). The power series function was employed to express the activity coefficients. Two model equations were provided by the framework: the 2‐power equation with two interaction parameters, and the 3‐power equation with three interaction parameters. While both equations were adequate for correlating the solubility phase behavior of a salt in a mixed‐solvent mixture, the 3‐power equation was more accurate.