gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemicals to enhance microalgal growth and accumulation of high-value bioproducts (2015)

Photosynthetic microalgae have attracted significant attention as they can serve as important sources for cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical products, industrial materials and even biofuel biodiesels. However, current productivity of microalga-based processes is still very low, which has restricted their scale-up application. In addition to various efforts in strain improvement and cultivation optimization, it was proposed that the productivity of microalga-based processes can also be increased using various chemicals to trigger or enhance cell growth and accumulation of bioproducts. Herein, we summarized recent progresses in applying chemical triggers or enhancers to improve cell growth and accumulation of bioproducts in algal cultures. Based on their enhancing mechanisms, these chemicals can be classified into four categories:chemicals regulating biosynthetic pathways, chemicals inducing oxidative stress responses, phytohormones and analogs regulating multiple aspects of microalgal metabolism, and chemicals directly as metabolic precursors. Taken together, the early researches demonstrated that the use of chemical stimulants could be a very effective and economical way to improve cell growth and accumulation of high-value bioproducts in large-scale cultivation of microalgae.
Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: An Overview for Clinicians (2017)

Catheter ablation (CA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) is currently one of the most commonly performed electrophysiology procedures. Ablation of paroxysmal AF is based on the elimination of triggers by pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), while different strategies for additional AF substrate modification on top of PVI have been proposed for ablation of persistent AF. Nowadays, various technologies for AF ablation are available. The radiofrequency point-by-point ablation navigated by electro-anatomical mapping system and cryo-balloon technology are comparable in terms of the efficacy and safety of the PVI procedure. Long-term success of AF ablation including multiple procedures varies from 50 to 80%. Arrhythmia recurrences commonly occur, mostly due to PV reconnection. The recurrences are particularly common in patients with non-paroxysmal AF, dilated left atrium and the "early recurrence" of AF within the first 2-3 post-procedural months. In addition, this complex procedure can be accompanied by serious complications, such as cardiac tamponade, stroke, atrio-esophageal fistula and PV stenosis. Therefore, CA represents a second-line treatment option after a trial of antiarrhythmic drug(s). Good candidates for the procedure are relatively younger patients with symptomatic and frequent episodes of AF, with no significant structural heart disease and no significant left atrial enlargement. Randomized trials demonstrated the superiority of ablation compared to antiarrhythmic drugs in terms of improving the quality of life and symptoms in AF patients. However, nonrandomized studies reported additional clinical benefits from ablation over drug therapy in selected AF patients, such as the reduction of the mortality and stroke rates and the recovery of tachyarrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy. Future research should enable the creation of more durable ablative lesions and the selection of the optimal lesion set in each patient according to the degree of atrial remodeling. This could provide better long-term CA success and expand indications for the procedure, especially among the patients with non-paroxysmal AF.
On-line surveillance of lubricants in bearings by means of surface acoustic waves (2010)

The acoustic wave propagation in bearings filled with lubricants and driven by pulsed excitation of surface acoustic waves has been investigated with respect to the presence and the distribution of different lubricants. Experimental setups, which are based on the mode conversion between surface acoustic waves and compression waves at the interface between a solid substrate of the bearing and a lubricant are described. The results of preliminary measurements at linear friction bearings, rotation ball bearings and axial cylinder roller bearings are presented.
Offset and Normalized Min-Sum Algorithms for ATSC 3.0 LDPC Decoder (2017)

Offset min-sum algorithm (OMSA) and normalized min-sum algorithm (NMSA) are widely used in commercial LDPC decoders due to low complexity and reasonable performance. In this paper, we provide optimized offset and scaling values for those LDPC decoders based on Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 LDPC codes. Furthermore, according to extensive computer simulations, it is shown that the performance of the OMSA and NMSA with the obtained values is close to that of sum-product algorithm, even though the NMSA-based decoder may show a serious error floor due to a channel mismatch effect. Consequently, we recommend that the ATSC 3.0 transmitters use a concatenation of BCH outer code and LDPC inner code as channel coding, considering the use of NMSA for LDPC decoder in ATSC 3.0 receivers.
Study of Nickel Hydrogen Battery Discharge Performance After Charge and Stand at Warm Temperature (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Spacecraft batteries are normally installed in the discharged condition. It may be necessary that they be charged and trickle-charged prior to launch in an environment different from that in which they are intended to operate; i.e., an environment in which the heat generated during charge and trickle charge is radiated to space. The purpose of the testing described herein was to determine the battery capacity achieved after treatment at prelaunch conditions as a function of charge rate, charge temperature, trickle charge temperature, and time. In this testing the discharge in every case was performed under simulated space thermal conditions. Charging was performed with a variety of battery starting temperatures, and heat dissipation was limited to that expected to be encountered under conditions of cooling with an air manifold. At the worst conditions of test, that is with 24°C (75°F) cooling air at the battery baseplate, 80 percent of the rated capacity was obtained.</div>
Attention-Based View Selection Networks for Light-Field Disparity Estimation (2020)

This paper introduces a novel deep network for estimating depth maps from a light field image. For utilizing the views more effectively and reducing redundancy within views, we propose a view selection module that generates an attention map indicating the importance of each view and its potential for contributing to accurate depth estimation. By exploring the symmetric property of light field views, we enforce symmetry in the attention map and further improve accuracy. With the attention map, our architecture utilizes all views more effectively and efficiently. Experiments show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of accuracy and ranks the first on a popular benchmark for disparity estimation for light field images.
KESO: minimizing database interaction (1997)

A ’ mature data mining system ha.3 to interact with standard DBMSs. A crucial factor in the performance of such a data mining system lies in this interaction. The KEso project aims at the deveiopment of such a tool and its interaction with the database is restricted to two-way table queries; a special kind of aggregate query. This restriction gives rise to ample possibilities to op-timize the computation of such two-way tables, e.g., by using parallelisation or by temporary storage of in-termediate results. However, the size of these two-way tables puts a large communication overhead on the database interaction of KESO. In this paper we propose to compute (cer-tain) aggregates in the database. This approach low---- AL _-I---r IL--__--_.---_. IL- _^_ _:2---L,-.-..L:,- ers ixe size 01 me query re:su~~s c;u~s;luclavly w~me keeping the possibilities for optimization used in the current version.
New Concepts of Vitamin D Functions<sup>a</sup> (1992)

Besides its classical actions in calcium metabolism, it is clear that the hormonal form of vitamin D has many new functions, which have only been discovered as a result of following the appearance of its receptor. Furthermore, because of the vitamin D-based endocrine system, the use of vitamin D compounds in treating a variety of diseases has been expanded. We now know that 1.25-(OH)2D3 not only stimulates the intestine to absorb calcium and phosphorus, the bones to mobilize calcium and phosphorus, and the kidney to cause increased renal reabsorption of calcium, but also directly suppresses the parathyroid hormone and is a developmental hormone necessary for the recruitment of cells for osteoclast formation, for female reproduction, for development of skin, and for the treatment of certain malignant conditions.
MicroPET reconstruction with random coincidence correction via a joint Poisson model (2007)

Positron emission tomography (PET) can provide in vivo, quantitative and functional information for diagnosis; however, PET image quality depends highly on a reconstruction algorithm. Iterative algorithms, such as the maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) algorithm, are rapidly becoming the standards for image reconstruction in emission-computed tomography. The conventional MLEM algorithm utilized the Poisson model in its system matrix, which is no longer valid for delay-subtraction of randomly corrected data. The aim of this study is to overcome this problem. The maximum likelihood estimation using the expectation maximum algorithm (MLE-EM) is adopted and modified to reconstruct microPET images using random correction from joint prompt and delay sinograms; this reconstruction method is called PDEM. The proposed joint Poisson model preserves Poisson properties without increasing the variance (noise) associated with random correction. The work here is an initial application/demonstration without applied normalization, scattering, attenuation, and arc correction. The coefficients of variation (CV) and full width at half-maximum (FWHM) values were utilized to compare the quality of reconstructed microPET images of physical phantoms acquired by filtered backprojection (FBP), ordered subsets-expected maximum (OSEM) and PDEM approaches. Experimental and simulated results demonstrate that the proposed PDEM produces better image quality than the FBP and OSEM approaches.
Localization in sparse networks using sweeps (2006)

Determining node positions is essential for many next-generation network functionalities. Previous localization algorithms lack correctness guarantees or require network density higher than required for unique localizability. In this paper, we describe a class of algorithms for fine-grained localization called Sweeps. Sweeps correctly finitely localizes all nodes in bilateration networks. Sweeps also handles angle measurements and noisy measurements. We demonstrate the practicality of our algorithm through extensive simulations on a large number of networks, upon which it consistently localizes one-thousand-node networks of average degree less than five in less than two minutes on a consumer PC.
Structures and Algorithms for Peer-to-Peer Cooperation (2008)

Peer-to-peer overlay networks are distributed systems, without any hierarchical organization or centralized control. Peers form overlay networks that are on top of the Internet. Both parts of this thesis deal with peer-to-peer overlay networks. The first part builds an unstructured one to construct a large scale Networked Virtual Environment. We present a complete study of a Delaunay-based overlay for massively shared virtual worlds. We design an overlay network matching the Delaunay triangulation of the participating peers. Especially, we describe the self-organizing algorithms for peer insertion and deletion. To reduce the delay penalty of overlay routing, we propose to augment each node with a limited number of carefully selected shortcut links creating a small-world. We show that a small number of shortcuts is sufficient to significantly decrease the delay of routing. The second part of this thesis gives insights on how the users of a real life structured peer-to-peer network behave. We give a detailed background on KAD, a Distributed Hash Table based on Kademlia, a file sharing system with several million simultaneous users. We describe the organization of the peers, and the search and the publish operations. We have been crawling KAD continuously for more than a year. We obtained information about geographical distribution of peers, session times, peer availability, and peer lifetime. As we have been studying KAD we have been both, fascinated and frightened by the possibilities KAD offers. Mounting a Sybil attack is very easy and allows to compromise the privacy of users, to compromise the correct operation of the key lookup and to mount a DDOS attack.
Field Testing - The Final Proof Of Performance (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Laboratory engine tests have beets used to evaluate the performance properties of engine oils for more than four decades and have been progressively modified to meet the lubrication challenges from new engine designs, operating conditions, fuels and emission controls. Engine sequence or bench laboratory tests are an important first step in the development of passenger car crankcase oils. These tests are correlated with reference oils of conventional additive chemistry with known field performance. When using conventional additive chemistry, sequence tests usually provide an excellent correlation with field performance. However, when new or novel chemistry is employed, laboratory testing may not be an adequate indicator of field performance. In these situations, actual field tests must be conducted. There are also other reversals or unexpected results which further require field tests as the final proof of performance. This paper presents specific examples of field test performance which were not predicted by laboratory engine testing. Additionally, field test results addressing new gasoline engine performance requirement's (API SG) will be discussed.</div>
Studies on a procoagulant fraction of southern copperhead snake venom: the preferential release of fibrinopeptide B. (1970)

Abstract The venom of the southern copperhead snake ( Ancistrodon contortrix contortrix ) possesses procoagulant and fibrinolytic properties. A procoagulant fraction, separated by chromatography and gel filtration, clotted fibrinogen directly and possessed proteolytic, esterolytic, and amidase activities. In its action upon fibrinogen, the fraction released fibrinopeptide B at a much faster rate than fibrinopeptide A, the reverse of the effect of thrombin. Despite the rapid release of fibrinopeptide B, visible clotting did not take place until appreciable fibrinopeptide A was also removed. These experiments support the view that visible clotting depends upon the removal of fibrinopeptide A from the fibrinogen molecule, permitting aggregation of monomeric units.
Time‐ and compartment‐resolved proteome profiling of the extracellular niche in lung injury and repair (2015)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key regulator of tissue morphogenesis and repair. However, its composition and architecture are not well characterized. Here, we monitor remodeling of the extracellular niche in tissue repair in the bleomycin-induced lung injury mouse model. Mass spectrometry quantified 8,366 proteins from total tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) over the course of 8 weeks, surveying tissue composition from the onset of inflammation and fibrosis to its full recovery. Combined analysis of proteome, secretome, and transcriptome highlighted post-transcriptional events during tissue fibrogenesis and defined the composition of airway epithelial lining fluid. To comprehensively characterize the ECM, we developed a quantitative detergent solubility profiling (QDSP) method, which identified Emilin-2 and collagen-XXVIII as novel constituents of the provisional repair matrix. QDSP revealed which secreted proteins interact with the ECM, and showed drastically altered association of morphogens to the insoluble matrix upon injury. Thus, our proteomic systems biology study assigns proteins to tissue compartments and uncovers their dynamic regulation upon lung injury and repair, potentially contributing to the development of anti-fibrotic strategies.
Design and implementation of ontology-based context reasoning engine for adaptive multimedia service migration (2005)

Recently, a demand of adaptive multimedia service, which supports multimedia service migration according to user's location and characteristics of user device, is increased. In this paper, we propose a service migration system, which becomes aware of user device using intelligent agent. And we design and implement the ontology-based intelligent agent, which is aware of the context in its environment. Moreover, we implement a context reasoning system using location information.
Induction of cytolytic T lymphocytes directed towards the V3 loop of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 external glycoprotein gp120 by p55gag/V3 chimeric vaccinia viruses (1993)

T cell-mediated cytotoxicity may play an important role in controlling infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In order to study the ability of rationally designed antigens to induce cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) we replaced stretches of 30 to 50 amino acids at the p17-MA/p24-CA cleavage site, within the p24-CA moiety and within the p6-LI portion of the HIV type 1 p55gag precursor by the third variable domain (V3) of the external glycoprotein gp120. This site is known to be a target for CTL attack in mice and humans. The chimeric antigens were recombined into highly attenuated vaccinia viruses in order to investigate class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted presentation of antigenic V3 peptides. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis of the group-specific antigen (p55gag)/V3 chimeric proteins demonstrated significant differences in the accessibility of the V3 domain for a monoclonal antibody or polyclonal V3-specific antisera, depending on the position of the V3 loop within the p55gag carrier protein. Immunization of BALB/c mice with three variants of p55gag/V3 recombinant vaccinia virus, however, resulted in a comparable priming of CD4-CD8+ CTLs in vivo irrelevant of the position of the V3 loop within p55gag. Local conformational changes, including the V3 domain within the p55gag/V3 chimeras, did not demonstrate a significant effect on V3-specific lysis of the target cells when compared to the authentic gp120 envelope protein. Class I MHC-restricted CTLs induced by a V3 consensus sequence cross-reacted perfectly with the LAI strain-derived V3 loop sequence. These data indicate that the combination of selected epitopes (V3) with immunologically relevant complex carrier proteins (p55gag) can be accomplished without the loss of biological activity.
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase, an Emerging Target for Anti-Cancer Therapy (2009)

The inability of the host immune system to control tumor growth appears to result from dominant mechanisms of immune suppression that prevent the immune system from effectively responding in a way that consistently results in tumor rejection. Among the many possible mediators of tumoral immune escape, the immunoregulatory enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), has recently gained considerable attention. IDO is a heme-containing, monomeric oxidoreductase that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan to N formyl-kynurenine. Tryptophan depletion as well as the accumulation of its metabolites results in a strongly inhibitory effect on the development of immune responses by blocking T cell activation, inducing T cell apoptosis and promoting the differentiation of naïve T cells into cells with a regulatory phenotype (T(regs)). Recent data obtained from preclinical tumor models demonstrate that IDO inhibition can significantly enhance the antitumor activity of various chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents. These results, coupled with data showing that increased IDO expression is an independent prognostic variable for reduced overall survival in cancer patients, suggest that IDO inhibition may represent an effective strategy to treat malignancies, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutics or other immune based therapies. This review will focus on the role of IDO as a mediator of peripheral immune tolerance, evidence that IDO becomes dysregulated in human cancers, and the latest progress on the development of IDO inhibitors as a novel anti-cancer therapy.
Energy dependent effective mass model of InAs/GaAs quantum ring (2004)

The three-dimensional InAs/GaAs quantum ring is studied under the energy dependent quasi-particle effective mass approximation. The confined energy problem is solved numerically by the finite element method within the kp-perturbation theory in a single sub-band approach. The influence of the quantum ring geometry on energy states and the electron effective mass is investigated. Model limitations are discussed.
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF CELL PROLIFERATION IN EPENDYMA AND CHOROID PLEXUS IN THE POSTNATAL RAT BRAIN (1979)

Profliferative activity in forebrain ependyma aand choroid plexus epithelium was studied in rats aged up to 42 days by means of autoradiography after injection of [3H]-thymidine. Labelling indices were higher in the lateral than in the third ventricle, while values for choroid plexus epithelium were lower than those for ependyma. In all areas examined, labelling indices showed a similar pattern of decline in the first two postnatal weeks reaching by day 12 a level about 20-30% of that on day 1. This low level, corresponding to a turnover time of 130 days for ependyma, was maintained tereafter up to day 42, indicating the persistence of proliferation in the young adult.
Effect of growth orientation and surface roughness on electron transport in silicon nanowires (2007)

We report a study of the effect of growth orientation and surface roughness on electron transport in small-diameter hydrogen passivated silicon nanowires (NWs). We employ a nonequilibrium Green's function technique within an $s{p}^{3}{d}^{5}{s}^{*}$ tight-binding approximation to show that band structure strongly affects current-voltage characteristics of ideal NWs, leading to current falloff at high drain bias for certain growth orientations. Surface roughness suppresses small bias conductance and current, and leads to a nonmonotonic dependence on gate bias. We also find that surface roughness results in a decrease of current with the length of a NW. The rate of the decrease depends on the growth directions and diameter. As the diameter of a NW becomes smaller, a transition of electron transport to Anderson localization regime may occur even at room temperature.