gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Speciation of Nickel in Residual Oil Ash (1998)

The speciation of Ni emissions from residual oil-fired utility boilers requires investigation because the possible presence of small respirable particles containing Ni3S2 is a health concern. An experimental approach was used to investigate the Ni speciation of residual oil combustion ash. Ash from a low- and high-S (0.33 and 1.80 wt %, respectively) residual oil was produced using a 42-MJ/h combustion system at excess O2 concentrations of ≤1 and 2 or 3 mol %. Ni speciation analyses were performed using X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy and sequential extraction−anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). XAFS measurements indicate that >95% of the total Ni (3−9 wt %) present in the ashes occurs as Ni2+ coordinated to O2-. Both methods indicate that NiSO4 is the dominant form, although significant proportions of NiO (5−24%) were measured by sequential extraction−ASV. The sequential extraction−ASV method also indicated the presence of very small proportions, <2%, of Ni sulfide (NixSy). Fuel S content did not significantly affect Ni speciation; however, increasing excess O2 concentrations promoted Ni sulfation. The predominance of NiSO4 and relatively low proportions of NixSy in the experimentally produced ashes are inconsistent with sequential extraction−ASV determinations of Ni speciation in ashes collected from full-scale utility boilers. Differences in sampling procedures and combustion conditions are being investigated to explain this inconsistency.
"Sleepiness" is serious in adolescence: Two surveys of 3235 Canadian students (2006)

Sleep deprivation and excessive daytime sleepiness were common in two samples of Ontario high school students and were associated with a decrease in academic achievement and extracurricular activity. There is a need to increase awareness of this problem in the education and health communities and to translate knowledge already available to strategies to address it.
Isolation of a human myocardial cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform. Fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopic and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography identification of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipid substrates. (1993)

Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of a novel family of calcium-independent plasmalogen-selective phospholipases A2 in canine myocardium that have been implicated as enzymic mediators of ischemic membrane damage. We now report that human myocardium contains two functionally distinct isoforms of cytosolic calcium-independent phospholipase A2. The major cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform preferentially hydrolyzes plasmalogen substrate, possesses a pH optimum of 7.0, and is chromatographically resolvable from a minor cytosolic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 isoform that hydrolyzes plasmenylcholine and phosphatidylcholine substrates at similar rates and possesses a pH optimum of 8.5. The major cytosolic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 isoform was identified as a 40-kD polypeptide after its 182,000-fold purification by sequential column chromatographies to a final specific activity of 67 mumol/mg.min. The purified 40-kD human myocardial phospholipase A2 preferentially hydrolyzes plasmalogens containing arachidonic acid at the sn-2 position. Both reverse-phase HPLC and fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopic analysis of human myocardial ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipids demonstrated that plasmenylethanolamine and plasmenylcholine molecular species containing arachidonic acid at the sn-2 position are prominent constituents of human myocardium. Collectively, these results identify and characterize the major human myocardial cytosolic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity, demonstrate the presence of functionally distinct human myocardial cytosolic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 isoforms, and document the abundance of arachidonoylated plasmalogen molecular species in human myocardium that serve as substrates.
Status of sonic boom methodology and understanding (1989)

In January 1988, approximately 60 representatives of industry, academia, government, and the military gathered at NASA-Langley for a 2 day workshop on the state-of-the-art of sonic boom physics, methodology, and understanding. The purpose of the workshop was to assess the sonic boom area, to determine areas where additional sonic boom research is needed, and to establish some strategies and priorities in this sonic boom research. Attendees included many internationally recognized sonic boom experts who had been very active in the Supersonic Transport (SST) and Supersonic Cruise Aircraft Research Programs of the 60's and 70's. Summaries of the assessed state-of-the-art and the research needs in theory, minimization, atmospheric effects during propagation, and human response are given.
SYNTHETICALLY USEFUL REACTIONS WITH NICKEL BORIDE. A REVIEW (1997)

(1997). SYNTHETICALLY USEFUL REACTIONS WITH NICKEL BORIDE. A REVIEW. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 1-32.
Development of a Recombinant Thermostable Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Vaccine Express Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Multiple Epitopes for Protecting against IBV and NDV Challenges (2020)

Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) are two highly contagious diseases that severely threaten the poultry industry. The goal of this study is to prevent these two diseases and reduce the vaccine costs during storage and transportation. In this study, we design a thermostable recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) candidate live vaccine strain designated as rLS-T-HN-T/B, which expresses the multiple epitope cassette of the identified infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) (S-T/B). The rLS-T-HN-T/B strain was found to possess similar growth kinetics, passage stability, morphological characteristics, and virulence to the parental LaSota strain. After incubation at 56 °C at the indicated time points, the rLS-T-HN-T/B strain was determined by the hemagglutination (HA), and 50% embryo infectious dose (EID<sub>50</sub>) assays demonstrated that it accords with the criteria for thermostability. The thermostable rLS-T-HN-T/B and parental LaSota vaccines were stored at 25 °C for 16 days prior to immunizing the one-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. Three weeks postimmunization, the virus challenge results suggested that the chicks vaccinated with the rLS-T-HN-T/B vaccine were protected by 100% and 90% against a lethal dose of NDV and IBV, respectively. Furthermore, the trachea ciliary activity assay indicated that the mean ciliostasis score of the chicks vaccinated with thermostable rLS-T-HN-T/B vaccine was significantly superior to that of the LaSota and PBS groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The rLS-T-HN-T/B vaccine stored at 25 °C for 16 days remained capable of eliciting the immune responses and protecting against IBV and NDV challenges. However, the same storage conditions had a great impact on the parental LaSota strain vaccinated chicks, and the NDV challenge protection ratio was only 20%. We conclude that the thermostable rLS-T-HN-T/B strain is a hopeful bivalent candidate vaccine to control both IB and ND and provides an alternative strategy for the development of cost-effective vaccines for village chickens, especially in the rural areas of developing countries.
The Role of the Propeptide for Processing and Sorting of Human Myeloperoxidase (1998)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), stored in azurophil granules of neutrophils, is critical for an optimal oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity of these cells. Pro-MPO goes through a stepwise proteolytic trimming with elimination of an amino-terminal propeptide to yield one heavy and one light polypeptide chain. The propeptide of MPO may have a role in retention and folding of the nascent protein into its tertiary structure or in targeting of pro-MPO for processing and storage in granules. A propeptide-deleted pro-MPO mutant (MPODeltapro) was constructed to determine if deletion of the propeptide interferes with processing and targeting after transfection to the myeloid 32D cell line. Transfection of full-length cDNA for human MPO results in normal processing and targeting of MPO to cytoplasmic dense organelles. Although the efficiency of incorporation was lower for MPODeltapro, both pro-MPO and MPODeltapro showed heme incorporation indicating that the propeptide is not critical for this process. Deletion of the propeptide results in synthesis of a protein that lacks processing into mature two-chain forms but rather is degraded intracellularly or secreted. The finding of continued degradation of MPODeltapro in the presence of lysosomotrophic agents or brefeldin A rules out that the observed degradation takes place after transfer to granules. Intracellular pro-MPO has high mannose oligosaccharide side chains, whereas stored mature MPO was found to have both high mannose and complex oligosaccharide side chains as judged by only partial sensitivity to endoglycosidase H. The propeptide may normally interfere with the generation of certain complex oligosaccharide chain(s) supported by the finding of high mannose side chains in secreted pro-MPO and lack of them in MPODeltapro that contained complex oligosaccharide side chains only. In conclusion, elimination of the propeptide of pro-MPO blocks the maturation process and abolishes accumulation of the final product in granules suggesting a critical role of the propeptide for late processing of pro-MPO and targeting for storage in granules.
TNFα blockade overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 in experimental melanoma (2017)

Antibodies against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) have considerably changed the treatment for melanoma. However, many patients do not display therapeutic response or eventually relapse. Moreover, patients treated with anti-PD-1 develop immune-related adverse events that can be cured with anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) antibodies. Whether anti-TNF antibodies affect the anti-cancer immune response remains unknown. Our recent work has highlighted that TNFR1-dependent TNF signalling impairs the accumulation of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (CD8+ TILs) in mouse melanoma. Herein, our results indicate that TNF or TNFR1 blockade synergizes with anti-PD-1 on anti-cancer immune responses towards solid cancers. Mechanistically, TNF blockade prevents anti-PD-1-induced TIL cell death as well as PD-L1 and TIM-3 expression. TNF expression positively correlates with expression of PD-L1 and TIM-3 in human melanoma specimens. This study provides a strong rationale to develop a combination therapy based on the use of anti-PD-1 and anti-TNF in cancer patients.
Rapid detection and characterization of sialic acid-specific lectins of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (1993)

A particle agglutination assay (PAA) using fetuin (Ft) covalently coupled to carboxylate-modified latex (CML) particles was evaluated for rapid detection of sialic acid-specific haemagglutinins/lectins (SALs) of Helicobacter pylori isolates which bind sialoglycoconjugates. Sixty-three percent (20/32) of the isolates examined gave a positive PAA test. Cell-bound SALs were extracted by washing the bacteria with deionized water or isotonic saline, and their expression was influenced by pH and culture conditions. The Ft-CML reactivity of the PAA-positive isolates was inhibited by bovine submaxillary mucin, transferrin, fetuin, orosomucoid, vitronectin and lactoferrin in a manner which suggested that the isolates contain a lectin recognizing the alpha(2-6) linkage of terminal sialic acid. Western blots of strain NCTC 11637 SALs probed with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labelled Ft identified three bands (MW 64 kD, 62 kD, 56 kD) which also reacted with HRP-labelled mucin, transferrin, lactoferrin, orosomucoid, vitronectin and laminin. Sera from patients with a H. pylori infection and one polyclonal rabbit antiserum (strain NCTC 11637) also reacted with the SALs. Immunogold labelling of a polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against the 64 kD protein of strain NCTC 11637 that reacted strongly with Ft-CML showed that abundant SALs were loosely cell-associated with the cell surface of both spiral and coccoidal forms of H. pylori. SALs were also present in low amounts on the surface of strain NCTC 11638 and 66, a clinical isolate that did not react with Ft-CML.
The effect of trial size on statistical power (1992)

Many research studies produce results that falsely support a null hypothesis due to a lack of statistical power. The purpose of this research was to demonstrate selected relationships between single subject (SS) and group analyses and the importance of data reliability (trial size) on results. A computer model was developed and used in conjunction with Monte Carlo procedures to study the effects of sample size (subjects and trials), within- and between-subject variability, and subject performance strategies on selected statistical evaluation procedures. The inherent advantages of the approach are control and replication. Selected results are presented in this paper. Group analyses on subjects using similar performance strategies identified 10, 5, and 3 trials for sample sizes of 5, 10, and 20, respectively, as necessary to achieve statistical power values greater than 90% for effect sizes equal to one standard deviation of the condition distribution. SS analyses produced results exhibiting considerably less power than the group results for corresponding trial sizes, indicating how much more difficult it is to detect significant differences using a SS design. These results should be of concern to all investigators especially when interpreting nonsignificant findings.
Bio-inspired catechol chemistry: a new way to develop a re-moldable and injectable coacervate hydrogel (2012)

A new way is demonstrated to develop a bio-inspired coacervate hydrogel by following catechol chemistry showing injectable and re-moldable physical properties. The formed coacervate shows potential long-term stability under water. Depending on pH, formation of the coacervate has been verified which is confirmed by XPS and zeta potential measurements.
Effects of Yijung-tang (YJT) on Experimental Hypothyroidism in Mice (2017)

Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of YJT on experimental hypothyroidism induced by sodium perchlorate and methimazolein in mice. Methods: 30 one-month-old C57BL6 mice were decided into 4 groups: 1) normal (n=6), 2) sodium perchlorate and methimazolein-induced hypothyroidism control (n=8), 3) hypothyroidism mice treated with low YJT (n=8), 4) hypothyroidism mice treated with high YJT (n=8). Sodium perchlorate and methimazolein were administered for 4 weeks, YJT (low and high) was administered for 2 weeks after sodium perchlorate and methimazolein were initiated for a total duration of 2 week. The changes were observed : weight of body, T3, T4, TSH, follicular cells in the thyroid tissues, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid, FBG, AST, ALT and so on. Results: YJT did not affect body weight gain. YJT restored free T4 level decreased by sodium perchlorate and methimazolein and prevented shrinking of follicles and proliferation of follicular cells in the thyroid tissues. In addition, YJT lowered total and LDL cholesterol levels elevated by sodium perchlorate and methimazolein respectively and ameliorated distribution of fat in liver tissues. In addition, the effect on fasting blood glucose (FBG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also investigated. Conclusions: These data suggest that YJT can be used to treat woman patients which are accompanied with hypothyroidism relatively safely.
Effect of Ultrasound on Chemical Reaction Rate (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Ultrasound on Chemical Reaction RateJ. W. Chen and W. M. KalbackCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1967, 6, 2, 175–178Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160022a003https://doi.org/10.1021/i160022a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views784Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Critical currents of sintered and melt-textured YBa2Cu3O<i>x</i> (1989)

High critical-current densities, Jc, have been observed in single crystals and thin films of YBa2Cu3Ox. Jc in bulk materials is diappointingly low reaching a maximum in untextured material of about 103 A cm−2. The importance of raising Jc in bulk materials is paramount and most applications of bulk materials require high Jc in high magnetic fields. The work of Jin et al. in raising Jc to 17 000 A cm−2 in zero field represents a most important step in the development of bulk materials and gives real hope to bulk applications. In the communication we first describe the properties of untextured wire, and then we describe our process for melt texturing and the difficulties encountered.
A New Potent and Selective Histamine H3 Receptor Agonist, 4-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Potent and Selective Histamine H3 Receptor Agonist, 4-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidineRoeland C. Vollinga, Johannes P. de Koning, Frank P. Jansen, Rob Leurs, Wiro M. P. B. Menge, and Hendrik TimmermanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 3, 332–333Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00029a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00029a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Benchtop rotational group velocity measurement on shales (2014)

There are substantial uncertainties in estimation of Thomsen parameter δ from laboratory velocity anisotropy measurement. To reduce the uncertainty we designed a laboratory setup to efficiently acquire a large number of diagonal velocities in different directions. The quasi-P wave velocity is determined by four elastic constants: c11, c33, c44 and c13, but we found that there is coupling relation between c44 and c13, so we cannot solve for all the four elastic constants simultaneously by least square fitting. Because of this coupling relation, if we do not care the exact values of c44 and c13, δ can still be reliably estimated. This conclusion is consistent with the view that δ can be estimated from P-wave only seismic data. The redundant diagonal velocity measurement can also identify possible error in identifying the TI symmetrical axis of shale core sample.
Melioidosis (2002)

Melioidosis is an important public health problem in some regions, and a potential bioweapon. Recent reports confirm that it is endemic in China, Taiwan and Laos, but the true incidence in most countries is unknown, and the ecology poorly understood. Potable water was the source of two recent outbreaks. The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of the disease in Australia are similar to those in Thailand, although prostatic abscesses and neurological manifestations are more common and parotid abscesses less so. Mycotic aneurysms are not uncommon. Patients with cystic fibrosis are at risk of pulmonary melioidosis. Comparison with the avirulent Burkholderia thailandensis has identified capsular polysaccharide as an important virulence determinant in Burkholderia pseudomallei. Diagnosis still relies on culture, and a throat swab is a worthwhile sample. Several beta-lactams, such as meropenem, reduce the mortality, and long courses of cotrimoxazole-containing regimes are needed to prevent relapse. The value of adjunctive treatments, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, warrants further evaluation.
HLA‐linked complement markers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (1984)

We determined the gene frequencies for the alleles of the HLA-linked complement markers C2, properdin factor B (BF), C4A (Rodgers) and C4B (Chido), and the red cell enzyme glyoxalase-I in 38 unrelated patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, 42 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and 59 unaffected, aged-matched control blood donors. In senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and in Parkinson's disease, no significant difference was found in the gene frequencies of alleles at either the BF, C2, or GLO-I locus compared with those of age-matched controls. In senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, a striking increase in the frequency of the rare C4B locus allele, C4*B2, was apparent, resulting in the high relative risk of RR = 8.8 (p less than 0.0001) for this disorder.
A natural language interface for an intelligent universal situational awareness (USA) system (2004)

Detecting and countering potential terrorist threats requires a synergistic conjunction of intelligent technologies. The paper describes an intelligent universal situation awareness (USA) system and in particular discusses a natural language front-end interface that is designed to reduce the impedance mismatch between the human and the machine. The effective translation of natural language semantics is critically dependent on an accelerated capability for learning. Hence, a conversational natural language is mapped onto a set of procedures, which effect directed mining and linking operations on a relational database. These procedures are written in a very high-level extensible language (VHLL), which serves to facilitate knowledge expression and maintenance operations. The VHLL is underpinned by expert compiler technology. Objects for directed mining and linking are invoked as rule consequents in a blackboard architecture. Using information hiding, objects can be visually displayed in the form of a tree to facilitate acquisition and maintenance operations. Finally, projected and restricted database views can be analyzed by a distinct high-level knowledge base to generate natural language reports. Most importantly, these reports provide the analyst with immediate feedback, which serves to catalyze the generation of subsequent queries.