gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Coal Pulverization Method Using the Embrittlement due to Cracks Generated in Pores of Coal [Translated]<sup>†</sup> (2003)

Pulverized coals produced by a rounding method have a wide range of particle sizes. Even though the coals have the same Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI), some coals are difficult to pulverize by the rounding method.There are many pores in the coal. When pore pressure is rapidly reduced, cracks are generated in the pores by the expansion of air and the coal becomes brittle. The purpose of the present work is to investigate the performance of coal pulverization by an improved rounding method specifically by the embrittlement of coal due to the cracks generated in the pores.The experimental results show that pulverized coals for CWM which have a wide range of particle size can be easily produced by the improved rounding method. Furthermore, a discharge pressure at the embrittlement treatment can control the particle size of the pulverized coals.† This report was originally printed in J. Soc. Powder Technology, Japan, 38(9), 607-611 (2001) in Japanese, before being translated into English by KONA Editorial Committee with the permission of the editorial committee of the Soc. Powder Technology, Japan.
Small hepatocellular carcinoma: intratumor ethanol treatment using new needle and guidance systems. (1987)

Intratumor injection of absolute ethanol to treat small hepatocellular carcinoma sometimes results in incomplete necrosis of the tumor. Causes of this include inhomogeneous distribution of the ethanol and difficulty in identifying the tumor after previous ethanol injections. To solve these problems, the authors designed a multiple-side-hole needle for ethanol injection and implanted one or more small steel coils into the tumor before treatment to serve as a landmark. Six patients thus treated all showed adequate necrosis on follow-up computed tomography, biopsy, and angiography studies; initially elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels present in five patients were decreased. A resected surgical specimen obtained in one patient showed extensive necrosis of the tumor as well as of the surrounding healthy liver; only a small locus of equivocally viable cancer cells remained in the tumor margin.
Volatile Fatty Acid Emission During Composting of Swine Waste Amended With Sawdust as a Measure of Odor Potential (2001)

Offensive odors which evolve during the decomposition of swine waste have resulted in complaints from neighbors in agricultural areas. This study chronologically monitored the emissions of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during composting to quantify the release of malodorous compounds. Swine waste/sawdust mixtures and sawdust controls were placed in 208 liter reactor vessels and constantly aerated over a 21-day period. Acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids were quantified in total collections of condensed water vapor and volatiles released from the vessels. Exit gasses were passed through water-cooled condensers, and condensate was collected every 12 hours. Composting conditions were shown to be adequate by measuring carbon to nitrogen ratios, pH, temperature, and moisture contents. The 21-day aerobic treatment decreased all VFAs in the swine waste mixtures by 61 to 100 percent, with a mean of 87 percent. Prior to peak gas volatilization, when the vessel contents attained peak composting temperatures, acetic acid was emitted in the greatest amounts, followed by butyric, propionic, valeric, isovaleric, and isobutyric acids in order of decreasing emissions. Following peak gas volatilization, butyric acid was released in the greatest amounts, followed by acetic, propionic, valeric, isovaleric, and isobutyric acids. The described condensation procedure was shown to be an effective method to quantify malodorous compounds emitted during the decomposition of livestock waste. In addition, aeration was an effective treatment to decrease VFAs and, therefore, odor potential resulting from their emissions.
What can Africa expect from its traditional exports (2002)

This study examines the implications of recent trade trends, and long-term price projections for Sub-Saharan Africa's major exports. Its policy message for Africa is two fold. First, Africa must diversify away from traditional products, or continue to experience serious negative trade effects including declining, or relatively low growth in global demand for these goods; falling real prices for traditional products; very unstable prices and export earnings; as well as continued marginal world trade, and diminished growth and industrialization prospects. However, there is no evidence that any general diversification is occurring. Domestic, and international policy initiates, must assign a far greater importance to the need for diversifying Africa's exports. Second, it is unlikely that major shifts in the composition of exports can occur in the short, to medium-term. As such, the removal of anti-export biases in African countries' domestic policies, as well as initiatives to promote competitive (low cost) prices for traditional exports, still require immediate attention. Future markets for traditional products will be highly competitive, and African countries failing to implement policies promoting production efficiencies, should expect major competitive export losses on such items.
Osmium-labeled polynucleotides. The reaction of osmium tetroxide with deoxyribonucleic acid and synthetic polynucleotides in the presence of tertiary nitrogen donor ligands (1977)

Osmium tetroxide in the presence of pyridine or 2,2'-bipyridine has been found to react completely with the pyrimidine moieties (thymine, uracil, and cytosine) in polynucleotides. Pyrimidine osmate ester moieties, L2OSO4-pyrimidine, were formed. The OSO4 has added across the 5,6 double bond and L=pyridine or 1/2-bipyridine. The pyridine derivatives were not stable and decomposed slowly after the OSO4-pyridine reagent was removed by gel chromatography. Labeled poly(uridylic acid) lost osmium completely during gel chromatography unless the eluent contained a high concentration of pyridine. The products formed between OSO4-bipyridine and polynucleotides were much more stable and the OS label was retained during and after gel chromatography. Both the OSO4-pyridine and OSO4-bipyridine reagents reacted more rapidly than the OSO4-CN-reagent.
Herschel C. Smith: 1907–1966 (1967)

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Dr. McPheeters and the Printed Word (1962)

When Johann Gutenberg conceived of printing with movable type, he unleased a greater force for molding men's minds and influencing human behavior than any thermonuclear instru ment has demonstrated to date.The impact of the printed word on the progress of modern scientific, social, and economic development is beyond the calculating capacity of the most sophisticated digital computer.Despite recent technical ad vances in audio-visual accomplishments in the field of communications --including radio and television--the printed
Oscillatory Entrainment of Thalamic Neurons by Theta Rhythm in Freely Moving Rats (2010)

The anterior thalamic nuclei are assumed to support episodic memory with anterior thalamic dysfunction a core feature of diencephalic amnesia. To date, the electrophysiological characterization of this region in behaving rodents has been restricted to the anterodorsal nucleus. Here we compared single-unit spikes with population activity in the anteroventral nucleus (AV) of freely moving rats during foraging and during naturally occurring sleep. We identified AV units that synchronize their bursting activity in the 6-11 Hz range. We show for the first time in freely moving rats that a subgroup of AV neurons is strongly entrained by theta oscillations. This feature together with their firing properties and spike shape suggests they be classified as "theta" units. To prove the selectivity of AV theta cells for theta rhythm, we compared the relation of spiking rhythmicity to local field potentials during theta and non-theta periods. The most distinguishable non-theta oscillations in rodent anterior thalamus are sleep spindles. We therefore compared the firing properties of AV units during theta and spindle periods. We found that theta and spindle oscillations differ in their spatial distribution within AV, suggesting separate cellular sources for these oscillations. While theta-bursting neurons were related to the distribution of local field theta power, spindle amplitude was independent of the theta units' position. Slow- and fast-spiking bursting units that are selectively entrained to theta rhythm comprise 23.7% of AV neurons. Our results provide a framework for electrophysiological classification of AV neurons as part of theta limbic circuitry.
Capacity performance of an inductively coupled near field communication system (2008)

The capacity performance of the inductively coupled near field communication system in free space is analyzed based on the equivalent circuit model of the system and the information theory. The analytical results provide good guidelines about the estimation of the capacity performance and the antenna design for an inductively coupled near field communication system.
IMPROVED SURVIVAL OF BIOLISTICALLY TRANSFECTED MOUSE ISLET ALLOGRAFTS EXPRESSING CTLA4-Ig OR SOLUBLE FAS LIGAND1 (1998)

Our results indicate that local production of human CTLA4-Ig or soluble human Fas ligand by biolistically transfected islets can promote allograft survival. This approach should be valuable as a potential immunoprotective therapeutic strategy in tissue transplantation.
Plumbagin induces G2-M arrest and autophagy by inhibiting the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in breast cancer cells (2006)

This study is the first to investigate the anticancer effect of plumbagin in human breast cancer cells. Plumbagin exhibited cell proliferation inhibition by inducing cells to undergo G2-M arrest and autophagic cell death. Blockade of the cell cycle was associated with increased p21/WAF1 expression and Chk2 activation, and reduced amounts of cyclin B1, cyclin A, Cdc2, and Cdc25C. Plumbagin also reduced Cdc2 function by increasing the association of p21/WAF1/Cdc2 complex and the levels of inactivated phospho-Cdc2 and phospho-Cdc25C by Chk2 activation. Plumbagin triggered autophagic cell death but not predominantly apoptosis. Pretreatment of cells with autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin suppressed plumbagin-mediated cell death. We also found that plumbagin inhibited survival signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway by blocking the activation of AKT and downstream targets, including the mammalian target of rapamycin, forkhead transcription factors, and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. Phosphorylation of both of mammalian target of rapamycin downstream targets, p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase and 4E-BP1, was also diminished. Overexpression of AKT by AKT cDNA transfection decreased plumbagin-mediated autophagic cell death, whereas reduction of AKT expression by small interfering RNA potentiated the effect of plumbagin, supporting the inhibition of AKT being beneficial to autophagy. Furthermore, suppression of AKT by plumbagin enhanced the activation of Chk2, resulting in increased inactive phosphorylation of Cdc25C and Cdc2. Further investigation revealed that plumbagin inhibition of cell growth was also evident in a nude mouse model. Taken together, these results imply a critical role for AKT inhibition in plumbagin-induced G2-M arrest and autophagy of human breast cancer cells.
Mapping and identification of protein-protein interactions by two-dimensional far-Western immunoblotting (2000)

Studies of protein-protein interactions have proved to be a useful approach to link proteins of unknown function to known cellular processes. In this study we have combined several existing methods to attempt the comprehensive identification of substrates for poorly characterized human protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). We took advantage of so-called “substrate trapping” mutants, a procedure originally described by Flint et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94, 1680—1685) to identify binding partners of cloned PTPs. This procedure was adapted to a proteome-wide approach to probe for candidate substrates in cellular extracts that were separated by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis and blotted onto membranes. Protein-protein interactions were revealed by far-Western immunoblotting and positive binding proteins were subsequently identified from silver-stained gels using tandem mass spectrometry. With this method we were able to identify possible substrates for PTPs without using any radiolabeled cDNA or protein probes and showed that they corresponded to tyrosine phosphorylated proteins. We believe that this method could be generally applied to identify possible protein-protein interactions.
An Efficient Synthesis of Highly Functionalized [5,6] Aromatic Spiroketals by Hetero-Diels−Alder Reaction (2008)

A hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of vinyl sulfoxides with o-quinone methides precursor constructs highly functionalized [5,6] aromatic spiroketal skeletons in moderate to good yields with high regioselectivity. The two functional groups (ketone and olefin) can be further subjected to many synthetic transformations.
Research on the Development of the Hydraulic Synchronous Control Technology (2015)

In this paper, The development trend of hydraulic synchronous technology has been analyzed from the control theory and technology realization. Accuracy linear theory, variable structure theory and self-adjustment theory were adopted widely to eliminate the effect of non-linear, variance of parameters and disturbance of outside load, at the other way, optimize classic model and multi-control strategy integration were adopted in realization method of synchronous technology.
Observation of bacteria and fungi in infected root canals and dentinal tubules by SEM (1995)

The aim of this study was to observe the root canal flora and possible penetration of microorganisms into dentinal tubules in teeth with necrotic pulps. Ten infected maxillary and mandibular molars with periapical lesions were extracted and fixed in 2.5% phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde solution for nine days. After separation from the crowns, longitudinal grooves were cut in the roots, and they were split into two halves. The specimens were prepared for SEM. The root canals and the dentinal tubules of the fractured dentin were scanned systematically from the cervical to the apical area of the root. Cocci and rods were seen in 6 specimens. Penetration of bacteria into the dentinal tubules ranged from 10 to 150 microns. In 4 specimens, the root canals were heavily invaded by yeasts. The antimicrobial effect of routinely used endodontic disinfectants also on yeasts may be considered in persistent root canal infections.
<title>Efficient storage organization for the execution of visual queries in large object databases</title> (1999)

The management of visual object databases is an essential function of visual information systems, and the efficient retrieval the associated data objects is vital to operation of these systems. In this paper, we use the number of visual objects retrieved per second as a measure of the throughput of visual object databases. An efficient storage organization technique for executing visual queries is studied: we group similar visual objects together as visual object groups and store each visual object group at consecutive physical locations. We propose a structured high-level indexing system that can cater for the similarity criteria employed in the application domain. Our system incorporates classification hierarchies into an indexing superstructure of metadata, context and content, using high- level content descriptions. Database performance is quantified using queuing analyses, and we show that our technique is able to significantly increase throughput and database performance.
<i>SpekCalc</i>: a program to calculate photon spectra from tungsten anode x-ray tubes (2009)

A software program, SpekCalc, is presented for the calculation of x-ray spectra from tungsten anode x-ray tubes. SpekCalc was designed primarily for use in a medical physics context, for both research and education purposes, but may also be of interest to those working with x-ray tubes in industry. Noteworthy is the particularly wide range of tube potentials (40-300 kVp) and anode angles (recommended: 6-30 degrees) that can be modelled: the program is therefore potentially of use to those working in superficial/orthovoltage radiotherapy, as well as diagnostic radiology. The utility is free to download and is based on a deterministic model of x-ray spectrum generation (Poludniowski 2007 Med. Phys. 34 2175). Filtration can be applied for seven materials (air, water, Be, Al, Cu, Sn and W). In this note SpekCalc is described and illustrative examples are shown. Predictions are compared to those of a state-of-the-art Monte Carlo code (BEAMnrc) and, where possible, to an alternative, widely-used, spectrum calculation program (IPEM78).
Efficient solar cells with enhanced humidity and heat stability based on benzylammonium–caesium–formamidinium mixed-dimensional perovskites (2018)

2D/3D perovskite solar cells based on benzylammonium–caesium–formamidinium cations exhibited a PCE as high as 19.24% with superior humidity and heat stability.
DIAGNOSTIC Y-STR MARKERS IN HAPLOGROUP G (2006)

Y-Chromosome Haplogroup G reaches its highest frequency in the Caucasus Region (70 % in N. Ossetia) and decreases in frequency in Western Europe to about one-to-two percent of the population on the Atlantic coast. Haplogroup G, like its brother haplogroups H, IJ, and K, arose from a mutation from Haplogroup F, M201 in the case of Haplogroup G. Y-STR databases include a limited number of haplotypes for G, H and K*, which have low frequencies in Western Europe, while IJ is well-represented in Western Europe and in Y-STR databases. In this report several Y-STR markers are identified that can distinguish a Haplogroup G haplotype from similar haplotypes in Haplogroups E3b, H, I, and J. The present study identifies four Y-STR markers, DYS425, DYS446, DYS452, and DYF399S1 that are diagnostic for Haplogroup G or one of its subgroups.
Scattering by aggregates with and without an absorbing mantle: microwave analog experiments (1993)

We present angular scattering functions for loosely packed aggregates of 250 and 500 identical spheres near the Rayleigh size limit before and after the application of successive layers of an absorbing mantle. All measurements were obtained by using the microwave analog technique. Gross features of the scattering by aggregates without a mantle can be interpreted in terms of coherent scattering from the unit spheres acting independently of each other. The largest deviations from this approximation occur after the first minimum in forward scattering and extend to a scattering angle of 60° or 80° for our models. This intermediate range is also where the largest differences occur in the scattering from one aggregate to another. The angular extent of the range is largest for aggregates with the smallest dimensions. The scattering function is usually flat in the backscattering hemisphere and has little or no backscattering increase. The coherent scattering approximation breaks down when the aggregates are coated, and an equivalent spheres approximation becomes a better representation. The maximum degree of polarization near a scattering angle of 90° first decreases and then increases again as the mantle grows thicker.
Dalotuzumab, a recombinant humanized mAb targeted against IGFR1 for the treatment of cancer. (2010)

Dalotuzumab (MK-0646; h7C10), being developed by Merck & Co Inc under license from Pierre Fabre SA, is a recombinant humanized IgG1 mAb against the IGFR1 for the potential intravenous treatment of cancer. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that dalotuzumab acts by inhibiting IGF-1- and IGF-2-mediated tumor cell proliferation, IGFR1 autophosphorylation and Akt phosphorylation. In multiple cancer cell lines and in mouse xenograft models, dalotuzumab displayed significant antitumor activity, in particular against NSCLC and breast cancer. In addition, coadministration of dalotuzumab with other anticancer agents, such as taxanes, enhanced the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of dalotuzumab. Preliminary data from phase I clinical trials suggest that dalotuzumab is safe, well tolerated and significantly inhibits tumor proliferation. At the time of publication, several clinical trials evaluating dalotuzumab, alone and in combination with other anticancer agents, were ongoing in patients with various types of solid tumor and in patients with multiple myeloma. Although preliminary results appear promising, only future clinical and translational data will clarify the best clinical setting and treatment combinations for the optimal use of dalotuzumab in clinical practice.
Recent Development in Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors and their Potential as Novel Drugs (2020)

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), a critical enzyme in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis and metabolism, has emerged as an attractive target for a plethora of emerging diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, bacterial infections and so on. With decades of efforts in medicinal chemistry, significant progress has been made toward the design and discovery of a considerable number of inhibitors of this enzyme. In this review, we not only clarify the role of ACC in emerging diseases, but also summarize recent developments of potent ACC inhibitors and discuss their molecular mechanisms of action and potentials as novel drugs as well as future perspectives toward the design and discovery of novel ACC inhibitors.
Neodymium:YAG 30-W cw laser side pumped by three diode laser bars (1998)

A theoretical calculation of pump power deposition in a direct water-cooled Nd:YAG laser rod, side pumped by three diode laser bars is presented. The pumping cavity design provides a nearly uniform pump profile. More than 30-W cw output power with optical-to-optical efficiencies of more than 30% are obtained.
Photophysical and photochemical properties of porphyrin aggregates (1996)

Abstract In aqueous media substituted protoporphyrins and amphiphilic tetraphenylporphyrins aggregate to fibers, tubules, helical ribbons and sheets. Six different types are presented, characterized by the excitonic shifts in the electronic absorption spectra. On excitation, the aggregates from octopusporphyrin show fluorescence and population of the triplet state. In other aggregates fluorescence, triplet state or both are effectively quenched.
Der Haarling der Wildkatze (Felicola hercynianus n. sp.) (Mallophaga, Trichodectidae) (1957)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.