gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Herringbone structure in two-dimensional single crystals of cyanine dyes. II. Optical properties (1995)

Optical spectra of two-dimensional single crystals of cyanine dye molecules are studied experimentally and theoretically. Crystallites of three carbocyanine dye molecules, which are chemically different, but exhibit nearly identical optical properties, are prepared by adsorption from aqueous solution at a charged ammonium lipid monolayer. By means of electron diffraction it was found that the crystal structure of the aggregates consists of a rectangular unit cell containing two molecules of different orientation. Measurements of polarized absorption, reflectance, and fluorescence spectra of single crystallites reveal that this structure leads to Davydov splitting of the electronic transition into two exciton bands. The band structure of these exciton bands is calculated with the help of Kuhn’s extended dipole model. It is demonstrated, how the exciton energy depends on the relative orientation of the two molecules within the unit cell. Calculated splitting energies are in reasonable good agreement with experimentally observed values.
Incremental formalization with the hyper-object substrate (1999)

Computers require formally represented information to perform computations that support users; yet users who have needed such support have often proved to be unable or unwilling to formalize it. To address this problem, this article introduces an approach called incremental formalization, in which, first, users express information informally and then the system aids them in formalizing it. Incremental formalization requires a system architecture the (1) integrates formal and informal representations and (2) supports progressive formalization of information. The system should have both tools to capture naturally available informal information and techniques to suggest possible formalizations of this information. The hyper-object substrate (HOS) was developed to satisfy these requirements. HOS has been applied to a number of problem domains, including network design, archeological site analysis, and neuroscience education. Users have been successful in adding informal information and then later formalizing it incrementally with the aid of the system. Our experience with HOS has reaffirmed the need for information spaces to evolve during use and has identified additional considerations in the design and instantiation of systems enabling and supporting incremental formalization
Various magnetic domain structures in a Ni–Mn–Ga martensite exhibiting magnetic shape memory effect (2004)

Magnetic domain structures of the Ni–Mn–Ga martensite were observed by means of type I and type II magnetic contrast in scanning electron microscope. The different configuration of magnetic domain patterns coupled together with the twin structures were studied in multivariant, two-variant, and single-variant martensite. The martensitic band contains broad stripelike magnetic domains following the easy axis of magnetization, i.e., the crystallographic c axis. These stripe domains are connected by 90° domain walls creating a staircaselike structure in the adjoining bands. It is found that the internal twins, substructures of the martensite twin domains, are distorted into a zig–zag shape in order to accommodate the main band magnetization. Furthermore, the dagger-shaped stripe domains occur only when the internal twins are present. When the sample exhibits the single-variant state, the internal twins disappear totally and the stripe magnetic domains spread over the whole specimen. The configuration observed here for the magnetic microstructure together with the crystallographic microstructure can help in understanding the magnetic shape memory effect.
Proposal for Compact Polarization Splitter Using Asymmetrical Three-Guide Directional Coupler (2015)

A compact silicon-based polarization splitter (PS) is proposed using a three-guide directional coupler composed of a silicon nanowire in the center and two horizontal/vertical hybrid-plasmonic waveguides (HPWs) at outer sides. Utilizing the evanescent coupling, the injected TE/TM modes in the central silicon nanowire can be only coupled to the horizontal/vertical HPWs, leading to the separation of input polarizations. Moreover, to improve the extinction ratio (ER), an S-bend connecting with the vertical HPW is employed. Results show that a coupling length of 6.5 (4.5) μm is achieved at the wavelength of 1.55 μm with ER and insertion loss of ~18.9 (15.2) dB and ~0.44 (0.89) dB for TE (TM) mode, and the bandwidths can cover the entire C-band for both polarizations. In addition, fabrication tolerances to the structural parameters are presented and field evolution through the designed PS is also demonstrated.
Power grid simulation via efficient sampling-based sensitivity analysis and hierarchical symbolic relaxation (2005)

On-chip supply networks are playing an increasingly important role for modern nanometer-scale designs. However, the ever growing sizes of power grids make the analysis problem extremely difficult thereby introducing severe challenges in design and optimization. The inherent analysis complexity calls for innovations in simulation techniques that must provide appropriate accuracy, efficiency as well as the tradeoff thereof to aid design verification and optimization. In this paper, we first present a sampling-based sensitivity analysis by employing the notation of importance sampling in a Monte Carlo based circuit simulation framework. This technique allows the extraction of multi-parameter sensitivities for the node voltages of interest in the same Monte Carlo runs that are used for computing the nominal voltage values. For more efficient nonstructured whole-grid solution approaches, we further introduce a new direct solution method by embedding symbolic relaxation steps in a hierarchical fashion. As a direct method, the proposed hierarchical symbolic relaxation is suitable to both dc and transient analyses. Circuit examples are included to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed techniques.
[Effects of paracetamol on glutathione S-transferase activity in mice]. (1993)

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) 90-150 mg.kg-1 increased the activity of serum glutathione S-transferase (GST) and yet reduced the activities of liver microsomal and homogenate GST in mice. The GST activity was dose- and time-related to paracetamol. A negative correlation was found between serum GST and liver homogenate GST, as well as between serum GST and liver microsomal GST. A good positive correlation between serum GST and serum alanine aminotransferase (AAT) was also seen. In addition, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and sodium ferulate (SF) remarkably reversed the changes of serum GST and serum AAT activities in paracetamol-treated mice. These results suggested that the conjugation level in liver was decreased in paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
Analysis of the Regional Air Passenger Transport System In Brazil: Some Aspects of its Evolution and Diagnosis (2011)

Welcome to the WIT Press eLibrary - the home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute collection, providing on-line access to papers presented at the Institute's prestigious international conferences and from its State-of-the-Art in Science & Engineering publications.
A model for vocal cord excitation (1973)

This paper reports the results of an experimental and analytical investigation of a possible mechanism for exciting vibrations of the vocal cords. In order to test various approximations for describing the flow past the vocal cords and to demonstrate the importance of the upstream impedance in the excitation mechanism, the vocal cords are first represented by the simplest possible model, namely a simple vibrator of fixed shape. It is shown that if the pressures at the upstream and downstream ends of the channel formed by the vibrator wall are constant, the aerodynamic forces take energy from the vibrational motion. If, on the other hand, the output impedance of the system upstream of the channel is negative imaginary, vibrations of the channel walls can be excited. Experimental results agree with the predictions of the flow analysis for the simple vibrator. It is then argued that the respiratory system upstream of the larynx can be described as a tube 20 cm long in which the wave speed is reduced because of the distensibility of the bronchi, and which opens into the large reservoir of the lungs. Results of experiments in which the input impedance at the mouth was measured are consistent with this description. With this upstream impedance it is found that the simple vibrator would only be excited in a limited frequency range and would not allow many of the significant features of the vocal cord vibrations to be represented. Consequently a two-degree-of-freedom model for the vocal cords is introduced. The flow analysis and impedance description are used in calculating the forces acting on the two-mass model. It is predicted from the model that vibrations of the vocal vords are self excited over a range of frequencies. The properties of the self-excited oscillations described by the model agree with the observed properties of the self-excited vibrations in an experiment using a rubber membrane to represent the vocal cord, and are also consistent with several properties of the voice.
Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Non-uniform Volume Bragg Gratings (2008)

Spectral properties of reflective Volume Bragg Gratings (VBG) are studied with rigorous coupled wave approach. Similarities and differences between volume and fiber gratings are discussed. Simulation technique for VBG is proposed and compared with experiment.
Automating Information Security assessments using intelligent software agents (2016)

Implementation of IT security regulations has become mandatory for organizations. They entail hundreds of predefined security controls that address numerous risks businesses can be faced with. The process of complying with such regulations is very complex, time- and resource-consuming. Current solutions often focus on data collection from operational systems and miss aggregating employee-generated data for the final reporting of the security status. Therefore, security self-assessments need to be automated to decrease associated costs, IT spending as well as efforts exerted. This paper proposes an integrated flexible and scalable framework to automate self-assessments in combination with security related data collected from IT systems using intelligent agents based on the belief-desire-intention programming paradigm. As a proof of concept, a prototypical solution is created to explain its functionality.
TLR-signaling Networks (2010)

TLR, Toll-like receptor; PRR, pattern recognition receptor; PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; APC, antigen-presenting cell; IL, interleukin; TIR, Toll/IL-1R homology; MyD88, myeloid differentiation factor 88; IFN, interferon; TRIF, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β; IRAK, IL-1R-associated kinase; TAK1, TGF-β-activated kinase; TAB1, TAK1-binding protein; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NLR, NOD-like receptors; LRR, leucine-rich repeats; DC, dendritic cell; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinases; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase-3; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; DAF, decay-accelerating factor; IKK, IκB kinase; IRF, interferon regulatory factors; TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1; CARD, caspase activation and recruitment domain; PYD, pyrin N-terminal homology domain; ATF, activating transcription factor; and PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog.
Evidence in support of first-order dissolution kinetics of calcite in seawater (1997)

Re-examination of an experimental determination of the dissolution rate of reagent-grade calcite in seawater shows that the original conclusion of rate law with 4.5-order dependence on undersaturation was very sensitive to uncertainties in the saturation state of the seawater with respect to calcite,ΩC. In particular, use of an erroneously high value of the calcite stoichiometric solubility product generated correspondingly low values of the saturation state. Extrapolation of the experimental measurements to a rate of zero dissolution indicates that the calcite solubility was about 20% lower than that used in the original study, similar to more recent estimates. If the lower solubity is used for recalulation of the experimental saturation states, the dissolution rate Rd,C (% day−1) is adequately described by the rate experssion: Rd, C = 38(1−omega;C)1 In situ measurements of pH in the pore waters of calcite-rich sea floor sediments are more consistent with first-order kinetics than with 4.5-order kinetics. Interpretation of pore water pH data using the 4.5-order rate expression requires dissolution rate constants that are different by at least two orders of magnitude and stoichiometric calcite solubility products that are different by several percent between two otherwise similar sites. Application of the first-order dissolution reduces the variability in the rate constant to less than one order of magnitude, and all in situ observations are consistent with a single estimate of calcite solubility. First-order kinetics do not reduce the discrepancy between the laboratory determined rate constants and those based on pore water measurements. Dissolution rate constants constrained by the in situ pH measurements are at least two orders of magnitude less than the laboratory results.
Adaptive wide-area damping control using measurement-driven model considering random time delay and data packet loss (2016)

One of the main drawbacks of the existing wide-area damping controller (WADC) that are usually tuned based on several selected typical operating conditions, is its limited adaptability to continuous variations in operating conditions. An adaptive WADC employing the lead-lag structure using measurement-driven model is proposed in this paper. The state subspace model is identified online using ambient data or ring-down data to represent system oscillatory behaviors. The parameters of the lead-lag time constants can be updated based on the new residue derived from the identified model, while the new control gain can also be determined based on the identified model to achieve maximum damping ratio. Moreover, a delay compensator adopting the lead-lag structure and the quadratic interpolation algorithm are utilized to handle random time delay and data packet loss, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive WADC is validated by the case study in the two-area four-machine system.
Effect of Chronic Renal Failure on Cardiac Contractile Function, Calcium Cycling, and Gene Expression of Proteins Important for Calcium Homeostasis in the Rat (2003)

Patients with chronic renal failure frequently develop cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction; however, the mechanisms by which this occurs are still unclear. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy and studied for their isolated myocyte function, calcium cycling, and gene expression of proteins important in calcium homeostasis after 4 wk. Comparable rats subjected to suprarenal aortic banding for the same duration were used for comparison. Rats subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy and aortic banding developed comparable hypertension; however, rats subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy experienced a greater degree of cardiac hypertrophy and downregulation of cardiac sodium potassium ATPase (Na+/K+ -ATPase) activity than rats subjected to aortic banding. Moreover, cells isolated from the 5/6 nephrectomy rat hearts displayed impaired contractile function and altered calcium cycling compared with cells isolated from control or aortic constriction rat hearts. The 5/6 nephrectomy rat heart cells displayed a prolonged time constant for calcium recovery following stimulation, which corresponded to decreases in homogenate sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase-2a (SERCA2a) activity, protein density, and mRNA for SERCA2a. In conclusion, chronic renal failure leads to alterations in cardiac gene expression, which produces alterations in cardiac calcium cycling and contractile function. These changes cannot be explained only by the observed increases in BP.
Binaural Multi-Channel Wiener Filtering for Hearing Aids: Preserving Interaural Time and Level Differences (2006)

This paper presents an extension of the binaural multi-channel Wiener filtering algorithm discussed in T.J. Klasen et al. (2005). The goal of this paper is to preserve both the interaural time difference (ITD) and interaural level difference (ILD) of the speech and noise components. This is done by extending the cost function to incorporate terms for the interaural transfer functions (ITF) of the speech and noise components. Using weights, the emphasis on the preservation of the ITFs can be controlled in addition to the emphasis on noise reduction. Adapting these parameters allows one to preserve the ITFs of the speech and noise component, and therefore ITD and ILD cues, while enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio
New Nucleophilic Catalysts for Bright and Fast Peroxyoxalate Chemiluminescence (2000)

Miniaturized detection applications based on chemiluminescence require fast reaction kinetics for optimum performance. In this work, high-intensity light from the analytically useful peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reaction has been generated at high rates by employing both single-component and dual-component nucleophilic catalysis. 4-(Dimethylamine)pyridine and its derivatives were superior to all other bases in terms of reaction speed and intensity of the generated light and outshone imidazole, which hitherto has been considered as the best catalyst. The light intensity was related to the difference in pKa between the 4-aminopyridine catalyst and the leaving group of the reagent, and the optimum delta pKa was found to be close to 0. Similarly, high light intensities were obtained when mixtures of the imidazole analogue 1,2,4-triazole and the strong, nonnucleophilic base 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine acted as catalysts. The mechanism behind this was concluded to be a "base-induced nucleophilic catalysis", where the ancillary strong base assisted the production of the highly nucleophilic 1,2,4-triazolate anion, which as the actual catalyst then participated in the formation of a more reactive transient reagent. All the investigated catalysts reduced the light yield of the reaction due to base-catalyzed breakdown reactions of the reagents and/or intermediates. The intensity peak maximums of these bright and fast reactions typically appeared after less than 10 ms, whereafter the light decayed to darkness within a few seconds. These reaction characteristics are especially advantageous for sensitive detection applications where the observation volumes and times are limited, e.g., peaks emerging from a capillary-based separation process.
Quenching of the fluorescent state of rubrene directly to the ground state (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuenching of the fluorescent state of rubrene directly to the ground stateW. Atom Yee, V. A. Kuzmin, David S. Kliger, George S. Hammond, and Allen J. TwarowskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 17, 5104–5106Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00511a070Request reuse permissionsArticle Views263Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (398 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Di(phenoxo)-bridged Dinuclear Mn2(II,II) and Mn2(II,III) Complexes of Macrocyclic Ligands: Structure, Properties, and Catalase-Like Function (1995)

Abstract Dinuclear Mn2(II,II) complexes [Mn2(Lm,n)(RCOO)2] ((m,n) = (2,3), (2,4), (3,3); R = CH3, C6H5) have been prepared where (Lm,n)2− denotes dinucleating macrocycles with two 2,6-bis(iminomethyl)-4-methylphenolate entities combined through two lateral chains, –(CH2)m– and –(CH2)n–, at the imino nitrogens. The complex [Mn2(L3,3)(CH3COO)2] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 18.795(5), b = 7.608(2), c = 10.081(1) Å, β = 92.89(2)°, V = 1439.7 Å3, and Z = 2. The refinement converges with R = 6.38 and Rw = 9.63% based on 2727 reflections with |Fo| ≥ 3σ(|Fo|). A pair of Mn(II) ions are bridged by the two phenolic oxygens with a Mn–Mn separation of 3.367(1) Å. An acetate group coordinates bidentately to each Mn(II) to afford a six-coordinate geometry about the metal ion. The oxidation of [Mn2(L3,3)(CH3COO)2] with Br2 forms a mixed-valence Mn2(II,III) complex [Mn2(L3,3)(CH3COO)Br2]·H2O. The Mn2(II,II) and Mn2(II,III) complexes show catalytic activity for decomposing H2O2 in DMF or DMSO. The involvement of the Mn2(II,III)/Mn2(II,IV) cycle in the catalytic process is inferred based on visible and ESR spectroscopic studies of the reaction mixture.
Modulation of dendritic cell differentiation and function by YopJ of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> (2007)

Yersinia pestis evades immune responses in part by injecting into host immune cells several effector proteins called Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) that impair cellular function. This has been best characterized in the innate effector cells, but much less so for cells involved in adaptive immune responses. Dendritic cells (DC) sit at the crossroads between innate and adaptive immunity, and can function to initiate or inhibit adaptive immune responses. Although Y. pestis can target and inactivate DC, the mechanism responsible for this remains unclear. We have found that injection of Y. pestis YopJ into DC progenitors disrupts key signal transduction pathways and interferes with DC differentiation and subsequent function. YopJ injection prevents up-regulation of the NF-kappaB transcription factor Rel B and inhibits MAPK/ERK activation--both having key roles in DC differentiation. Furthermore, YopJ injection prevents costimulatory ligand up-regulation, LPS-induced cytokine expression, and yields differentiated DC with diminished capability to induce T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma induction. By modulating DC function through YopJ-mediated disruption of signaling pathways during progenitor to DC differentiation, Yersinia may interfere with the adaptive responses necessary to clear the infection as well as establish a tolerant immune environment that leads to chronic infection/carrier state in the surviving host.