gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Generation of Contour Files from Constructive Solid Geometry Representations (2018)

Geometry processing for layer-based Solid Freeform Fabrication consists of at least two\nsteps: slicing the geometry to obtain the part contours for each layer, and scan-converting the\nlayers for laser scanning (or other device-dependent in-layer processing). This paper discusses\nthe generation of contour files directly from Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) representations\nfor the Selective Laser Sintering process. Previous work at The University of Texas focused on\nslicing CSG representations composed of quadric primitives. This paper extends previous work\nat UT to include the torus, a fourth degree surface, as one of the CSG primitives. Slicing a torus\nresults in a fourth degree equation in two variables, which represents a curve in two-dimensional\nreal space. For. some special cases, this fourth degree equation may be sub-divided into two\nsecond degree equations. For the cases where the fourth degree equation cannot be sub-divided,\na method is presented to approximate the fourth degree curve with second degree curve\nsegments.
Structural Material Property Tailoring of Dual Phase Titanium Alloy Microstructures Using Deep Neural Networks (2020)

Machine intelligence can enable businesses to improve performance by reducing errors and improving sensitivity, quality, speed, and in some cases achieving outcomes that go beyond current resource capabilities. The explosive increase in the power of numerical analytics combined with tensor algebra manifold optimization has been driven by breakthroughs in computational algorithms, machine learning and, to a large degree, deep neural networks (a.k.a. deep learning), enabling us to automate and learn from ever more complex datasets and engineer efficient rapid response algorithms in areas of practical relevance. These areas may include new product architecture design, rapid material characterization, life-cycle management and can be tied with a digital strategy that will enable efficient development from cradle to grave. Collectively, these technologies have been used to address fundamental challenges in materials engineering e.g. automated classification and quantification of microstructure images. In this work, a total of 19 different Ti-6Al-4V microstructures were produced by varying heat treat parameters such as solution temperature, cooling rate, aging times and temperatures. Over 14,000 images were collected and used to train models for microstructure classification, quantification, and synthetic image generation. A framework is proposed to enable rapid material design space exploration, property prediction and optimization that takes into account real-time decision cycles and trade-offs between speed and accuracy.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Taiwanese Microalbuminuric Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus with and without Diabetic Retinopathy (2011)

BACKGROUND: Although microalbuminuria in diabetic patients is a well-known manifestation of diabetic nephropathy, it does not necessarily indicate the presence of other microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aims at determining the prevalence and clinical characteristics of diabetic retinopathy in microalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 417 microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled in this crosssectional study. Demographic characteristics of patients, serum biochemistry [i.e. HbA1c, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, albumin, creatinine, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] and hematological parameters (i.e. complete blood count, and differential white count) were recorded and analyzed. The presence of retinopathy including background diabetic retinopathy, non-proliferative retinopathy, or proliferative retinopathy, was determined by an experienced ophthalmologist by dilated fundus examination (indirect ophthalmoscopy). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent risk factors of DR. RESULTS: The prevalence of DR was 46.2%. Independent risk factors included use of insulin (OR: 3.437, P = 0.001), presence of hypertension (OR: 2.671, P = 0.015), DM duration (OR: 1.063, P = 0.013), age at DM diagnosis (OR: 0.970, P = 0.029), triglyceride (OR: 0.995, P = 0.017), hsCRP (OR: 0.773, P = 0.006), and hemoglobin (OR: 0.713, P ＜ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that nephropathy and retinopathy may not be concurrent. Moreover, the etiologies of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes may be variable. Moreover, frequent ophthalmologic examinations may be indicated for microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients with risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. (Acta Nephrologica 2011; 25: 43-49)
Network Analysis of Heart Beat Intervals Using Horizontal Visibility Graphs (2016)

Heart beat interval time series contain information predictive of heart disease, but most current predictors do not provide sufficient reliability for clinical use. Using several predictors improves predictive power, but the limit is not yet known, suggesting that not all the information in interbeat interval series has been captured by previous work.
TRANSPORT OF SMALL MOLECULES ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES: WATER CHANNELS AND UREA TRANSPORTERS (2002)

How do small hydrophilic nonelectrolytes cross cell membranes? Which pathways are most important for small lipid insoluble molecules to cross cell membranes? These are questions that have been basic to membrane transport physiology for decades. More importantly, these are questions whose answers have changed significantly within the last 10 years. This review discusses the evidence that pathways other than the lipid bilayer itself exist for the transport across cell membranes of specific small hydrophilic nonelectrolytes. The description begins with briefly analyzing the relevance of well accepted basic mathematical models for transport for understanding the permeability of representative physiologically important molecules across actual cell membranes. Particular emphasis is placed on describing recently discovered proteins that facilitate the transport of some of the smallest physiologically important lipid-insoluble molecules, water, and urea. Evidence also exists for transport proteins that selectively enhance the transmembrane transport of other small lipid-insoluble molecules. Do nonselective pores for small molecules exist in cell membranes?
A CoDesign experience with the MCSE methodology (1994)

We describe the experimentation of a codesign process to develop a communication system which needs to correctly mix hardware and software parts to satisfy required performance. The system design process is based on the MCSE methodology and we show its usefulness for CoDesign (concurrent design). CoDesign is shown as an enhancement of the implementation specification step of MCSE. System partitioning is the result of an interactive procedure based on performance and cost evaluations. The complete description of the implementation is obtained by transformations of the functional description: C or C++ for the software part, VHDL for the hardware part. The links between the hardware and software parts are also synthesized. Such a procedure and associated tools lead to efficiently obtain system prototypes in an incremental manner. >
Preparation and Thermoelectric Characteristics of SiO<sub>2</sub>/Mg<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>0.8</sub>Sn<sub>0.2</sub> Bulk Nanocomposite (2011)

In the present study, Mg 2 Si nanoparticles of high purity were successfully synthesized through low-temperature reaction by using MgH 2 and Si powders as rawmaterials. The size of Mg 2 Si particles is about 50nm. The bulk nanocomposites xSiO 2 /Mg 2 Si 0.8 Sn 0.2 (x = 0, 0.1, 1 and 2wt. %) were followed by field-Activated and pressure-assisted synthesis (FAPAS). The effects of SiO 2 addition on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Mg 2 Si 0.8 Sn 0.2 were studied. The field emission scanning electron microscopy shows that the nanometer-sized SiO 2 particles disperse homogeneously in Mg 2 Si 0.8 Sn 0.2 matrix. Among all of the samples, 1wt. % SiO 2 /Mg 2 Si 0.8 Sn 0.2 exhibits the best figure of merit (ZT = 0.25 at 573 K), which is 24% higher than that of the sample without SiO 2 , indicating that the thermoelectric properties of Mg 2 Si 0.8 Sn 0.2 can be enhanced effectively by the dispersion of nanometer-sized SiO 2 .
The<i>Rickettsia conorii</i>Autotransporter Protein Sca1 Promotes Adherence to Nonphagocytic Mammalian Cells (2010)

The pathogenesis of spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia species, including R. conorii and R. rickettsii, is acutely dependent on adherence to and invasion of host cells, including cells of the mammalian endothelial system. Bioinformatic analyses of several rickettsia genomes revealed the presence of a cohort of genes designated sca genes that are predicted to encode proteins with homology to autotransporter proteins of Gram-negative bacteria. Previous work demonstrated that three members of this family, rOmpA (Sca0), Sca2, and rOmpB (Sca5) are involved in the interaction with mammalian cells; however, very little was known about the function of other conserved rickettsial Sca proteins. Here we demonstrate that sca1, a gene present in nearly all SFG rickettsia genomes, is actively transcribed and expressed in R. conorii cells. Alignment of Sca1 sequences from geographically diverse SFG Rickettsia species showed that there are high degrees of sequence identity and conservation of these sequences, suggesting that Sca1 may have a conserved function. Using a heterologous expression system, we demonstrated that production of R. conorii Sca1 in the Escherichia coli outer membrane is sufficient to mediate attachment to but not invasion of a panel of cultured mammalian epithelial and endothelial cells. Furthermore, preincubation of a recombinant Sca1 peptide with host cells blocked R. conorii cell association. Together, these results demonstrate that attachment to mammalian cells can be uncoupled from the entry process and that Sca1 is involved in the adherence of R. conorii to host cells.
Syntheses of New Pyrazoline Derivatives (1968)

In order to synthesize 1-substituted amino-3, 5, 5-trimethylpyrazolines, diacetonalcohol was employed as the starting material, from which mesityloxide was prepared by the treatment with a catalytic amount of iodine, followed by the cyclization with hydrazine. The resulting 3, 5, 5-trimethylpyrazoline was converted to 1-chloroacetyl-3, 5, 5-trimethylpyrazoline by the reaction with chloroacetylchloride, followed by the reaction with a variety of amine. In this process, the reaction of mesityloxide with hydrazone was deduced to proceed probably through the intermediate of the corresponding hydrazone. Moreover, 1-β-carboethoxyethyl-3, 5, 5-trimethylpyrazoline was obtained by the reaction of 3, 5, 5-trimethylpyrazoline with ethyl acrylate.
A High-Isolation Dual-Polarization Microstrip Patch Antenna With Quasi-Cross-Shaped Coupling Slot (2011)

A novel dual-polarization microstrip patch antenna fed by quasi-cross-shaped slot with high isolation (greater than 50 dB) over a wide bandwidth from 3 to 4 GHz is investigated. Four identical slots-referred to “quasi-cross slot”-are arranged symmetrically in an unconnected cross configuration in the center. The isolation between two orthogonal polarizations of the proposed antenna can be greatly improved over the conventional cross slot. A prototype was fabricated and measured. The maximum achievable gain of the proposed antenna is 9.6 dBi with a gain variation of 0.6 dBi over the bandwidth of 200 MHz (3.4-3.6 GHz). The design is suitable for array application in MIMO system. Details of the proposed design and experimental results are presented and discussed.
The inv(11)(p15q22) chromosome translocation of therapy-related myelodysplasia with NUP98-DDX10 and DDX10-NUP98 fusion transcripts. (1999)

Chromosomal abnormalities involving the 11p15 or 11q22-23 bands have been reported in several types of human neoplasms including hematopoietic malignancies. The abnormalities are observed in therapy-related malignancies and less frequently in de novo myeloid malignancies. Abnormality of the MLL gene located on chromosome 11q23 has been well known in therapy-related myeloid malignancies, but it has been reported only recently that the inv(11)(p15q22) in de novo or therapy-related myeloid malignancies results in the fusion of NUP98 on chromosome 11p15 and DDX10 on chromosome 11q22. NUP98 is a nucleoporin that composes the nuclear pore complex and is the target gene in leukemia with the t(7;11)(p15;p15). The DDX10 gene encodes a putative adenosine triphosphate-dependent DEAD box RNA helicase. Here we present another patient with acute myelocytic leukemia (M4) transformed from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with the inv(11) chromosome who had been treated with etoposide for a germ cell tumor. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the RNA from the leukemic cells of the patient, DDX10-NUP98 and NUP98-DDX10 fusion transcripts were detected. Our case confirms that the inv(11) is a rare chromosomal translocation that is associated with therapy-related or de novo myeloid malignancy and involves NUP98 and DDX10 but not MLL. RT-PCR of the fusion transcripts might be applied to the detection of a small number of leukemic cells in the bone marrow or blood of patients in remission or in the cells harvested for autologous transplantation.
Integrated chip-size antennas for wireless microsystems: Fabrication and design considerations (2005)

This paper reports on fabrication and design considerations of an integrated folded shorted-patch chip-size antenna for applications in shortrange wireless microsystems and operating inside the 5-6 GHz ISM band. Antenna fabrication is based on wafer-level chip-scale packaging (WLCSP) techniques and consists of two adhesively bonded glass wafers with patterned metallization and through-wafer electrical interconnects. Via formation in glass substrates is identified as the key fabrication step. Various options for via formation are compared and from these, a 193 nm excimer laser ablation is selected for fabrication of the antenna demonstrator. The fabricated antenna has dimensions of 4 mm 4 mm 1 mm, measured operating frequency of 5.05 GHz with a bandwidth of 200 MHz at the return loss of -10 dB and a simulated radiation efficiency of 60% were achieved.
Band Gap Tunable, Donor−Acceptor−Donor Charge-Transfer Heteroquinoid-Based Chromophores: Near Infrared Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence (2008)

A series of D-π-A-π-D type of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent compounds based on benzobis(thiadiazole) and its selenium analogues were synthesized and fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The absorption, fluorescence, and electrochemical properties were also studied. Photoluminescence of these chromophores ranges from 900 to 1600 nm and their band gaps are between 1.19 and 0.56 eV. Replacing the sulfur by selenium can lead to a red shift for emission and reduce the band gaps further. Interestingly, compound 1 exhibits aggregation-induced emission enhancement effect in the solid state. All-organic light-emitting diodes based on M1 and M2 were made and exclusive NIR emissions above 1 μm with external quantum efficiency of 0.05% and maximum radiance of 60 mW Sr−1 m−2 were observed. The longest electroluminescence wavelength reaches 1115 nm.
Purification and Some Properties of Human Erythrocyte Calpastatin1 (1982)

Calpastatin, an endogenous inhibitor protein specifically acting on calpain [EC 3.4.22.17; Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteinase], was purified to apparent homogeneity from the cytosol fraction of human erythrocytes. The yield was 0.38 mg from 400 ml of blood. The purification procedures included DEAE-cellulose and Ultrogel AcA34 gel chromatographies followed by heat treatment and a final gel chromatography on Sephacryl S-200, from which calpastatin was eluted at a position corresponding to a 280,000-dalton molecular mass. The heat treatment at 100 C for 15 min at pH 7.5 very effectively removed contaminant proteins. The homogeneity of the final product was demonstrated on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate, giving a single protein band with a calculated molecular weight of 70,000. After re-extraction from the gel, the 70,000-dalton protein readily reassociated to give a 280,000-dalton peak upon Sephacryl S-200 chromatography with a recovery of total inhibitory activity of 42%. Purified calpastatin had an isoelectric point at pH 4.55. It had glutamine as the amino-terminal residue. Amino acid analyses revealed that it contained relatively large amounts of proline, glutamic acid, and lysine, smaller amounts of aromatic amino acids, notably no tryptophan, and no amino sugars. The content of half-cystine was less than one per 643 amino acid residues. These features are in general agreement with those of the reported amino acid composition of Ca2+-protease inhibitor from chicken skeletal muscle [Ishiura et al. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 701, 216-223], although these inhibitors were found to be definitely different in several other respects. Human erythrocyte calpastatin could inhibit not only calpain of the same origin but also calpains having low and high Ca2+-sensitivity from rat liver.
Altering the Regioselectivity of Cytochrome P450 CYP102A3 of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> by Using a New Versatile Assay System (2006)

A novel monooxygenase (CYP102A3) has been discovered within the Bacillus subtilis genome that reveals a similarity of 76 % to the well-known cytochrome P450 BM-3 of B. megaterium (CYP102A1). Both enzymes are natural fusion proteins consisting of a heme domain and a FAD/FMN-reductase domain. Because of their high turnover rates, these biocatalysts are of special interest for industrial applications, but show only limited regioselectivity. In this work, the regioselectivity of CYP102A3 was changed by directed evolution and protein design to hydroxylate substrates not only in different subterminal, but also to a high extent, in terminal carbon chain positions. To enable a high-throughput screening procedure, a very versatile assay was developed that is capable of discriminating between terminal and subterminal hydroxylation of carbon chains. A double mutant of CYP102A3 was obtained that produces 48 % octan-1-ol as the main product of the reaction.
The alpha subunit of inhibin in adrenal cortical neoplasia. (1998)

We analyzed 23 adrenal adenomas and 15 adrenal cortical carcinomas by immunolabeling for the alpha subunit of inhibin, and we then compared the results with the functional status of the neoplasms. We also studied 19 pheochromocytomas, 30 renal cell carcinomas, and 5 extra-adrenal paragangliomas, tumors posing differential diagnostic problems with adrenal cortical neoplasms. Immunolabeling was performed using automated immunohistochemical methods and an antibody directed against the alpha subunit. Tumors were semiquantitatively assessed for the number of positive cells. Immunopositivity was obtained in 18 (78%) of 23 adrenal cortical adenomas, 12 (80%) of 15 adrenal cortical carcinomas, 2 (11%) of 19 pheochromocytomas, 0 of 5 extra-adrenal paragangliomas, and 0 of 30 renal cell carcinomas. Immunoreactivity was strong in 7 (78%) of 9 adrenal cortical tumors from patients with Cushing's-related or virilizing symptoms. In contrast, only 4 (14%) of 29 tumors that were clinically nonfunctioning or associated with hyperaldosteronism demonstrated strong staining (P < .001). In clinically nonfunctioning tumors, there was a tendency for increased immunopositivity in tumors from patients with elevated levels of cortisol, androgen, or their precursors, with four of six tumors having at least moderate immunopositivity. Similar reactivity was present in only one of eight tumors from patients with normal laboratory values (P=.091). Moderate or strong immunopositivity was present in 9 (60%) of 15 adrenal cortical carcinomas, whereas of the pheochromocytomas, extra-adrenal paragangliomas, and renal cell carcinomas, only 1 (1.9%) of 54 showed moderate-to-strong reactivity. We conclude that moderate or strong immunoreactivity for the alpha subunit of inhibin occurs in adrenal cortical tumors from patients with Cushing's-related or virilizing symptoms. Immunolabeling for the inhibin alpha subunit is potentially useful in the differential diagnosis of neoplasms that include adrenal cortical carcinomas.
Making Sense of the Sequence (2001)

Although the impact of the versions of the sequence of the human genome published by
 Venter
 et al .
 in this issue of
 Science and by the publicly funded project in this week9s issue of
 Nature will be enormous, it can be difficult to evaluate what is being represented or how to use it.
 Galas
 provides a user-friendly guide to some of the fundamental aspects of the genome sequences that have been presented. He also includes a number of tools and approaches to gene finding and gene structure that can provide access to the new data for the working biologist.
Treatment of Venous Malformations With Sclerosant in Microfoam Form (2003)

Color echo-Doppler ultrasonography-guided sclerotherapy with polidocanol microfoam was effective in 46 (92%) of the patients. The technique is delivered on a strictly ambulatory basis and has proved simple and innocuous. The quality and durability of the outcome make this novel procedure the treatment of choice in the care of patients with congenital venous malformations.
A culture of diversity: one agency's model. (1994)

This paper discusses the development and implementation of PATH (People Attempting to Help), a social service agency in East Texas. The author identifies how PATH uses a model of diversity in coalescing various community persons and resources to meet identified community needs.
CMOS technology and current-feedback op-amps (2002)

Some of the problems related to the application of CMOS technology to current-feedback operational amplifiers (CFB op-amps) are identified. Problems caused by the low device transconductance and by the absence of matching between p-channel and n-channel transistors are examined, and circuit solutions providing improved input characteristics are presented. Problems related to the achievable output voltage swing are examined, and circuits which may be used to achieve a near rail to rail output swing are proposed. It is concluded that mere translations of bipolar circuit designs yield a rather poor performance compared to the bipolar designs, but CMOS has a potential for CFB op-amp design if more ingenious circuit configurations are applied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reverse micelles used as templates: a new understanding in nanocrystal growth (2006)

In this paper we demonstrate that reverse micelles make possible the homogeneous growth of nuclei to nanocrystals with similar shapes. Furthermore, hydrazine increases the relative percentage of tetrahedral nuclei with selective adsorption during crystal growth, favouring the formation of nanodisks.