gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of oriented β‐form poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactic acid) by solid‐state extrusion (2001)

Abstract Melt‐crystallized, low molecular weight poly( L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) consisting of α crystals was uniaxially drawn by solid‐state extrusion at an extrusion temperature ( T ext ) of 130–170 °C. A series of extrusion‐drawn samples were prepared at an optimum T ext value of 170 °C, slightly below the melting temperature ( T m ) of α crystals (∼180 °C). The drawn products were characterized by deformation flow profiles, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) melting thermograms, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXD), and small‐angle X‐ray scattering as a function of the extrusion draw ratio (EDR). The deformation mode in the solid‐state extrusion of semicrystalline PLLA was more variable and complex than that in the extensional deformation expected in tensile drawing, which generally gave a mixture of α and β crystals. The deformation profile was extensional at a low EDR and transformed to a parabolic shear pattern at a higher EDR. At a given EDR, the central portion of an extrudate showed extensional deformation and the shear component became progressively more significant, moving from the center to the surface region. The WAXD intensities of the (0010) α and (003) β reflections on the meridian as well as the DSC melting thermograms showed that the crystal transformation from the initial α form to the oriented β form proceeded rapidly with increasing EDR at an EDR greater than 4. Furthermore, WAXD showed that the crystal transformation proceeded slightly more rapidly at the sheath region than at the core region. This fact, combined with the deformation profiles (shear at the sheath and extensional at the core), indicated that the crystal transformation was promoted by shear deformation under a high pressure rather than by extensional deformation. Thus, a highly oriented rod consisting of only β crystals was obtained by solid‐state extrusion of melt‐crystallized, low molecular weight PLLA slightly below T m . The structure and properties of the α‐ and β‐form crystals were also studied. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 95–104, 2002
Redox-coupled proton translocation in biological systems: Proton shuttling in cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase (2003)

In the respiratory chain free energy is conserved by linking the chemical reduction of dioxygen to the electrogenic translocation of protons across a membrane. Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is one of the sites where this linkage occurs. Although intensively studied, the molecular mechanism of proton pumping by this enzyme remains unknown. Here, we present data from an investigation of a mutant CcO from Rhodobacter sphaeroides [Asn-139 --> Asp, ND(I-139)] in which proton pumping is completely uncoupled from the catalytic turnover (i.e., reduction of O2). However, in this mutant CcO, the rate by which O2 is reduced to H2O is even slightly higher than that of the wild-type CcO. The data indicate that the disabling of the proton pump is a result of a perturbation of E(I-286), which is located 20 A from N(I-139) and is an internal proton donor to the catalytic site, located in the membrane-spanning part of CcO. The mutation results in raising the effective pKa of E(I-286) by 1.6 pH units. An explanation of how the mutation uncouples catalytic turnover from proton pumping is offered, which suggests a mechanism by which CcO pumps protons.
Characterization of low-cost organic phosphor for white light-emitting diode (2008)

In this work, we prepared an organic phosphor and investigated its thermal as well as fluorescent properties. The experimental results reveal that lab-made organic phosphor exhibits excellent thermal stability (Decomposition temperature (T<sub>d</sub>) = 374 °C) and good fluorescent quantum yield (Φ = 0.88). The organic phosphor was then coated onto the blue LED chip to form a white light-emitting diode. The size of blue LED die used throughout this work was 15 mil square and the dominated wavelength was 460 nm. For the package process, the organic phosphor was firstly mixed with the epoxy and dipped it into the LED bowl of lead frame. Secondly, the pure epoxy resin was full-filled within the lamp model. For the measurement of spectrum and the C.I.E. value, it was found that the near white weight proportional of the epoxy resin A, B and the organic phosphor were 1 : 1 : 0.1.
Hybrid configuration of Darrieus and Savonius rotors for stand‐alone wind turbine‐generator systems (2005)

Abstract The suitable hybrid configuration of Darrieus lift‐type and Savonius drag‐type rotors for stand‐alone wind turbine‐generator systems is discussed using our dynamic simulation model. Two types of hybrid configurations are taken up. Type A installs the Savonius rotor inside the Darrieus rotor and Type B installs the Savonius rotor outside the Darrieus rotor. The computed results of the output characteristics and the dynamic behavior of the system operated at the maximum power coefficient points show that Type A, which has fine operating behavior to wind speed changes and can be compactly designed because of a shorter rotational axis, is an effective way for stand‐alone small‐scale systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(4): 13–22, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20071
Thyristor Design and Realization (1987)

Thyristor Basics Physics of Operation Thyristor Design Special Thyristor Types Power Thyristor Fabrication Thermal and Mechanical Design.
Flavonoids Can Protect Maize DNA from the Induction of Ultraviolet Radiation Damage (1994)

Diverse flavonoid compounds are widely distributed in angiosperm families. Flavonoids absorb radiation in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the spectrum, and it has been proposed that these compounds function as UV filters. We demonstrate that the DNA in Zea mays plants that contain flavonoids (primarily anthocyanins) is protected from the induction of damage caused by UV radiation relative to the DNA in plants that are genetically deficient in these compounds. DNA damage was measured with a sensitive and simple assay using individual monoclonal antibodies, one specific for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer damage and the other specific for pyrimidine(6,4)pyrimidone damage.
Identification of B-cell epitopes on the S4 subunit of pertussis toxin (1993)

The main purpose of the present study was to identify B-cell epitopes on the S4 subunit of pertussis toxin (PT) by the synthetic peptide approach. Two strategies were followed: (i) screening of two series of overlapping peptides (12- and 25-residue peptides) covering the entire S4 sequence by a panel of murine monoclonal anti-PT antibodies and various polyclonal anti-PT antisera in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and (ii) analysis of the S4 amino acid sequence by a predictive algorithm followed by synthesis and immunization of mice with the predicted peptides coupled to diphtheria toxoid. The anti-peptide conjugate antisera were tested in an ELISA for cross-reactivity with native PT, B oligomer, and S4. Screening of the free peptides in an ELISA by the PT antisera indicated the presence of six B-cell epitope-containing domains covered by residues 18 to 32, 33 to 46, 39 to 52, 51 to 65, 71 to 84, and 91 to 106. None of the peptides, however, were recognized by the monoclonal anti-PT antibodies in an ELISA. Immunization with six computer-predicted peptides (B1 to B6) and three potential T-cell epitopes (T1 to T3) gave rise to very high antibody responses towards the homologous conjugates. With the exception of the anti-T1/diphtheria toxoid antisera, all anti-peptide conjugate antisera cross-reacted with PT in an ELISA at different levels. None of these anti-peptide conjugate antisera, however, showed any PT-neutralizing effect as measured by the Chinese hamster ovary cell assay and the leukocytosis-promoting activity test. The results of the present study suggest that discontinuous epitopes are predominant in the S4 subunit of native PT.
Inverse association between serum insulin and sex hormone-binding globulin in a population survey in Sweden (2012)

These findings are consistent with high levels of SHBG in T1D, and correspondingly low levels in T2D subjects, suggesting an inhibitory effect of insulin on the SHBG production in the liver.
Congenital lymphangiectasia and atopy. (1976)

Intestinal lymphangiectasia, a disease characterized by excessive intestinal protein loss, asymmetrical peripheral edema, ascites, immunologic deficiencies, lymphocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, imparied lymphocyte transformation, gastrointestinal symptoms and retarded growth, is the result of abnormal, distorted and obstructed lymph channels, causing rupture of intestinal lacteals from back-flow of lymph, with leakage of nutrient-laden lymph into the lumen of the bowel. A case of congenital intestinal lymphagiectasia is described, with the additional problems of allergic asthma, rhinitis, eczema and lactase deficiency. This patient, an 11-year-old child, was greatly benefited by proper allergy management (elimination diet, hyposensitization) plus restriction of fats and supplementing the diet with medium-chain triglycerides (MCT).
2,4-Diaminopyrimidines as Antimalarials. III. 5-Aryl Derivatives (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,4-Diaminopyrimidines as Antimalarials. III. 5-Aryl DerivativesPeter B. Russell and George H. HitchingsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 8, 3763–3770Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01152a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01152a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views647Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Increased phosphorescent quantum yields of cationic iridium(<scp>iii</scp>) complexes by wisely controlling the counter anions (2013)

Phosphorescent quantum yields have been increased by 12 times by choosing bulky boracic anions as counterions for blue-emitting cationic iridium(III) complexes.
Role of ornithine decarboxylase in epidermal tumorigenesis. (1995)

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) plays a key role in the biosynthesis of polyamines, which are necessary for cell growth and differentiation. ODC expression is very tightly controlled in all normal cells; however, regulation of its expression is altered in many tumor cells resulting in much higher basal levels of ODC in tumors. To investigate the potential role of ODC overexpression in epidermal tumorigenesis, we constructed a replication-defective retroviral vector to overexpress a truncated ODC protein in epidermal cells. Stable viral infection of mouse epidermal cells dramatically increases not only the basal ODC activity but also the basal putrescine and spermidine levels. In all infected epidermal cells with high polyamine levels, DNA synthesis is increased as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA as well as increased bromodeoxyuridine staining in the nuclei of ODC-infected epidermal cells. ODC viral infection of nontumorigenic BK-1 epidermal cells and primary cultures of mouse keratinocytes and fibroblasts from newborn mouse skin yields no tumors when injected s.c. into athymic nude mice or when transplanted as skin grafts onto nude mice. Epidermal cell lines SP-1 and 308 (which possess an activated rasHa gene) are not tumorigenic when injected s.c. into nude mice. However, following infection with the ODC virus, they form tumors filled with keratin and papilloma-like projections of hyperplastic epidermal cells displaying dysplasia and many mitotic figures. These data indicate that ODC overexpression by itself is not sufficient to induce tumors in normal cells but that increased expression of ODC enhances tumor development in initiated premalignant epidermal cells.
Neuropsin (Opn5): a novel opsin identified in mammalian neural tissue<sup>1</sup> (2003)

We have cloned and characterised the expression of a new opsin gene, neuropsin (Opn5), in mice and humans. Neuropsin comprises seven exons on mouse chromosome 17. Its deduced protein sequence suggests a polypeptide of 377 amino acids in mice (354 in humans), with many structural features common to all opsins, including a lysine in the seventh transmembrane domain required to form a Schiff base link with retinaldehyde. Neuropsin shares 25-30% amino acid identity with all known opsins, making it the founding member of a new opsin family. It is expressed in the eye, brain, testis and spinal cord.
Über die Isolierung eines Metamorphose-Hormons der Insekten in kristallisierter Form (1954)

Aus Seidenspinner-Puppen wurde durch Methanolextraktion und Anreicherung in Bezug auf das im Test am abgeschnürten Abdomen von Calliphora-Larven wirksame Prinzip ein kristallisierter einheitlicher Stoff vom Schmp. 235—237° erhalten, der im Calliphora-Test mit 0,0075 γ wirksam ist. Wie Versuche an Saturniiden-Puppen (C. M. Williams) zeigten, handelt es sich um das Hormon der Prothorakaldrüsen.
Design of a MIMO-OFDM Baseband Receiver for Next-Generation Wireless LAN (2006)

In this paper, based on the IEEE 802.11n proposal, a MIMO-OFDM baseband receiver design for next-generation WLAN is proposed. A MIMO-OFDM receiver with algorithms for timing and frequency synchronization and MIMO detection is designed and simulated. Moreover, the circuits for all functional blocks in the receiver are also designed. Functional simulation results demonstrate that the proposed receiver design is capable of high link throughput with efficient spectrum utilization and is suitable for the application of next-generation wireless LAN.
An integrated device design environment for semiconductors (1991)

An integrated device design environment (IDDE) for semiconductor devices that is based on workstations and utilizes highly graphical and interactive input techniques has been developed. The framework of the system comprises a device editor, a mesh generator, and a graphical viewer which are interlinked by standard interface files. Into this has been installed a number of process (one-dimensional/two-dimensional) and device (two-dimensional/three-dimensional) simulators. The system has two major advantages. Firstly it effects, from a user perspective, a vast simplification of input to CAD tools without loss of generality and so may be effectively used in both development and research environments. This has been achieved via the use of graphical user interfaces utilizing WIMP and direct manipulation techniques which can produce input for any of the device simulators. Secondly, it facilitates transfer of results between modeling tools via standard interface files and so provides an open architecture which can be expanded without excessive effort. In addition, the software requires only a single workstation, making it economically attractive to small development groups.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clinical Use of a Nomogram to Estimate Proper Ventilation during Artificial Respiration (1954)

WHEN a patient is unable to breathe by himself, the single most important responsibility of the physician is to provide adequate ventilation of the lungs. Artificial respiration during anesthesia may be required for several hours, and the treatment of respiratory paralysis in poliomyelitis may be necessary for much longer periods. Under these conditions the physician must consider any deviations from proper ventilatory levels in the light of their long-term effects.The first concern of the physician giving artificial respiration is to maintain oxygenation of the patient's arterial blood. Often, he does this by providing high concentrations of oxygen in the . . .
An analytics-based method for performance anomaly classification in cyber-physical systems (2020)

The analysis and correct categorisation of software performance anomalies is a major challenge in current industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The automated evaluation of runtime performance metrics provides an overview of the software behaviour of CPS and may allow discovering or even predicting the occurrence of software performance anomalies. We present an approach to automatically identify deviations from expected performance behaviour of software processes running in a distributed industrial CPS. Our approach consists of collecting process performance signatures, using regression modelling techniques. This involves determining per process signatures and signature violations, enabling system anomaly type detection and classification. We evaluate different classification algorithms and predict the type of system performance anomaly that a signature violation can provoke. We demonstrate in our experiment that our design is capable of detecting and classifying synthetically introduced performance anomalies to real execution tracing data from a real semiconductor photolithography machine. Initial results show that we can achieve up to 93% of accuracy when classifying performance anomalies.
High frequency SAW devices on AlGaN: fabrication, characterization and integration with optoelectronics (2003)

In this paper, the technology and properties of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices on AlN and GaN films are reviewed. The excellent characteristics of these materials for high frequency applications are demonstrated by the fabrication of SAW filters with central frequencies higher than 2.2 GHz. The thermal behavior of these filters has been analyzed. Finally, the integration of a SAW generator with a metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector is described, showing the important synergy resulting from such integration.
The role of angiogenic factors in predicting clinical outcome in severe bacterial infection in Malawian children (2010)

Lower plasma VEGF, PDGF, FGF, and Ang-1 concentrations and higher Ang-2 concentrations are associated with an unfavorable outcome in children with severe bacterial infection. These angiogenic factors may be important in the endothelial dysregulation seen in severe bacterial infection, and they could be used as biomarkers for the early identification of patients at risk of a poor outcome.
Shape-Engineered multifunctional porous silicon nanoparticles by direct imprinting (2015)

A versatile and scalable method for fabricating shape-engineered nano- and micrometer scale particles from mesoporous silicon (PSi) thin films is presented. This approach, based on the direct imprinting of porous substrates (DIPS) technique, facilitates the generation of particles with arbitrary shape, ranging in minimum dimension from approximately 100 nm to several micrometers, by carrying out high-pressure (>200 MPa) direct imprintation, followed by electrochemical etching of a sub-surface perforation layer and ultrasonication. PSi particles (PSPs) with a variety of geometries have been produced in quantities sufficient for biomedical applications (≫10 μg). Because the stamps can be reused over 150 times, this process is substantially more economical and efficient than the use of electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching for the fabrication of nanometer-scale PSPs directly. The versatility of this fabrication method is demonstrated by loading the DIPS-imprinted PSPs with a therapeutic peptide nucleic acid drug molecule, and by vapor deposition of an Au coating to facilitate the use of PSPs as a photothermal contrast agent.
Functional, Physiochemical, and Rheological Properties of Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) Protein (2011)

Duckweed contains mainly starch and protein, and protein is a coproduct of starch-based biofuel production. Plant proteins have a great potential for value-added products. However, the lack of information on duckweed protein as a bioenergy coproduct limits its use. In this study, duckweed protein was extracted, purified, and characterized for chemical composition, molecular weight, surface hydrophobicity, emulsion, thermal stability, and rheological properties. Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) with an initial protein content of 34.5% was selected for this study, and the protein was extracted from fresh, frozen, and ambient temperature dried duckweed. The highest extraction rate (52.1%) was obtained from fresh duckweed, followed by ambient-dried duckweed (45.6%) and frozen duckweed (44.3%). The protein samples extracted from ambient-dried duckweed had the highest purity (67.8%) of the three prepared duckweed sources. Duckweed protein showed a low stability of the emulsion and poor emulsifying properties. Molecular weights of duckweed protein fractions ranged from 14 kDa to more than 160 kDa. FTIR showed five distinct absorption bands related to amide A and B, amide I and II, and the carbohydrate component. The melting peak of the duckweed protein sample was broad; it began below 50C, covered a range of about 120C, ended at 160C, and degraded at 250C. Duckweed protein is more hydrophobic than soy proteins at the same pH value, which suggests that duckweed protein has potential to improve water resistance of protein-based adhesives.
Tangential vector finite elements for semiconductor device simulation (1991)

The authors present a finite element method for semiconductor device simulation using tangential vector finite element basis functions. Tangential vector basis functions are derived by reference to Whitney forms. In the new formulation, current is approximated by a quadratic polynomial, rather than as a constant within the element as has been done previously; the tangential components of a vector along the mesh edges are expressed in a consistent manner with the other variables, and the weak form of the device equations is integrated exactly. It is shown that this weak form is closely related to the Voronoi cell method and that an artificial diffusion constant may be used to stabilize the solutions. Numerical studies show that the new method is superior to the Scharfetter-Gummel algorithm in cases of obtuse and irregular triangulations. >
3D objects enlargement technique using an optical system and multiple SLMs for electronic holography (2012)

One problem in electronic holography, which is caused by the display performance of spatial light modulators (SLM), is that the size of reconstructed 3D objects is small. Although methods for increasing the size using multiple SLMs have been considered, they typically had the problem that some parts of 3D objects were missing as a result of the gap between adjacent SLMs or 3D objects lost the vertical parallax. This paper proposes a method of resolving this problem by locating an optical system containing a lens array and other components in front of multiple SLMs. We used an optical system and 9 SLMs to construct a device equivalent to an SLM with approximately 74,600,000 pixels and used this to reconstruct 3D objects in both the horizontal and vertical parallax with an image size of 63 mm without losing any part of 3D objects.