gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Thin Light Flexible Electromechanically Actuated Electret-Based Loudspeaker for Automotive Applications (2011)

An electromechanically actuated electret-based loudspeaker made with an organic material membrane is presented, which is small in volume, extremely thin, and lightweight for light vehicle applications. As obtaining good sound quality in a vehicle is a complicated and difficult task, the electrostatic thin-film actuator can be cut into any shape and then assembled into an electret-based loudspeaker for placement at any location within the vehicle. The sound field in a vehicle can be optimized by properly tailoring the electret-based loudspeaker performance and choosing the most appropriate location for the loudspeaker for optimal sound performance. In addition, it is possible to design a novel 3-D sound field. Our newly fabricated 100-mm-by-100-mm electret loudspeaker weighs only 4 g and is 1 mm thick. It only consumes 0.15 mW to generate a sound pressure level at 88 dB at 1 kHz, which is very energy efficient for electric car applications. In summary, our newly flexible electret-based loudspeaker has tremendous potential for future automotive applications due to its excellent advantages over current vehicle loudspeakers.
Coxsackievirus B4-Induced Development of Antibodies to 64,000-M <sub>r</sub> Islet Autoantigen and Hyperglycemia in Mice (1991)

Diabetogenic Coxsackievirus B4 infection produces a diabetes syndrome in susceptible mice resembling insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We reported a two- to threefold increased expression of a 64,000-Mr (64 K) islet autoantigen in the infected mice preceding the development of hyperglycemia, suggesting a possible role of the virus in autoimmunity. To assess if the virus could be a trigger of autoimmunity, 64 K autoantibody development was correlated with hyperglycemia and virus replication in islets during early and late infection. Additionally, the effects of blood removal from these mice on the incidence of hyperglycemia and antibody production were evaluated. Noninfected control mice were essentially 64 K antibody negative, the infected consistently positive. Approximately 30% of the animals developed antibodies by 72 h postinfection (p.i.) and 90% by 4-6 wk p.i. Virus-induced hyperglycemia appeared bimodal: hyperglycemia in 50% of the mice by 1 wk p.i., which decreased to 30% by 3 wk and then increased to 80-100% by 6 wk p.i. Infectious virus was abundant in the islets at 72 h but undetectable later. Hyperglycemia seen at 6 wk decreased dramatically (67-73%) if the mice were bled once between 72 h and 2 wk p.i. Only 50-60% of the mice bled once were 64 K positive compared to 90% positive nonbled mice. Coxsackievirus may initiate or enhance the autoimmune response.
In Situ Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Chemical Patterns in Fused Silica Separation Capillaries with Polymerized Phospholipids (2005)

We report a new molecular approach for in situ generation of micron scale, chemically and biochemically functionalized patterns inside three-dimensional, completely enclosed fluidic channels. The formation of chemical patterns is based upon a combination of lipid bilayer self-assembly and UV photopolymerization of photoreactive, cross-linkable phospholipids. Using this approach, we have functionalized capillaries of varying inner diameters with a range of chemistries useful for protein and peptide immobilization. Here, we demonstrate the ability to produce small molecule and protein-based chemical patterns.
Query to Knowledge (2016)

Web search queries provide a surprisingly large amount of information, which can be potentially organized and converted into a knowledgebase. In this paper, we focus on the problem of automatically identifying brand and product entities from a large collection of web queries in online shopping domain. We propose an unsupervised approach based on adaptor grammars that does not require any human annotation efforts nor rely on any external resources. To reduce the noise and normalize the query patterns, we introduce a query standardization step, which groups multiple search patterns and word orderings together into their most frequent ones. We present three different sets of grammar rules used to infer query structures and extract brand and product entities. To give an objective assessment of the performance of our approach, we conduct experiments on a large collection of online shopping queries and intrinsically evaluate the knowledgebase generated by our method qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, we also evaluate our framework on extrinsic tasks on query tagging and chunking. Our empirical studies show that the knowledgebase discovered by our approach is highly accurate, has good coverage and significantly improves the performance on the external tasks.
Prostate Biopsy Sampling Causes Hematogenous Dissemination of Epithelial Cellular Material (2014)

The extent of epithelial cellular material (ECM) occurring in venous blood samples after diagnostic core needle biopsy (CNB) was studied in 23 patients with CNB diagnosed prostate cancer without provable metastases and 15 patients without cancer. The data show a significant increase of ECM in the peripheral blood sampled 20 seconds or 30 minutes after the last of 10 CNB procedures compared to the number of ECM detectable in the blood samples taken before the performance of CNB. The data indicate that diagnostic CNB of prostate cancer causes an extensive tissue trauma with a potential risk of cancer cell dissemination.
Two-dimensional coherent laser arrays using grating surface emission (1989)

The concepts, fabrication, and operating characteristics of monolithic two-dimensional, coherent AlGaAs laser arrays are presented. The arrays consist of 100 (10*10) active elements fabricated from a single-quantum-well graded-index separate-confinement heterostructure laser geometry. A surface relief grating is used for feedback and outcoupling. The elements of the array are index-guided ridge lasers with evanescent or Y coupling in the lateral direction and injection coupling longitudinally. The far field emanating from a 60- mu m*5-mm aperture, measures 0.01 degrees *1 degrees . These arrays emit more than 1 W peak power into a 2-AA wavelength interval. By adjusting the drive current to the electrically independent gain sections of these arrays, the angular position of the far-field beam can be steered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Parameter-Driven Router (1986)

We describe a routing algorithm which is adjustable in its operation. The routing medium is composed of cells with variable parameters such as depth, via density, channel density, etc. Routing is carried out within these parametric bounds on an abstract board, which is then mapped to the physical board in a postprocessing step. The internal details of the routing process are presented. Some results are presented which show the influence of placement, channel density and layering on routability.
Enhancing the Robustness of LTE Systems: Analysis and Evolution of the Cell Selection Process (2017)

The commercial success of LTE makes it the primary standard for 4G cellular technology, and its evolution paves the path for 5G technology. Furthermore, LTE Unlicensed has been proposed recently to allow cellular network operators to offload some of their data traffic to LTE component carriers operating in the unlicensed band. Hence, it is critical to ensure that the LTE system performs effectively even in harsh signaling environments in both licensed and unlicensed spectrum. This article analyzes the effect of different levels of RF spoofing applied to LTE. RF spoofing affects LTE devices during the initial cell selection process, where a strong nearby cell can impede access to a serving LTE network. This is a serious threat and can be caused unintentionally, in the case of dense and uncoordinated LTE deployment in unlicensed spectrum, or intentionally, where an adversary sets up a fake LTE cell in either licensed or unlicensed LTE spectrum. This article analyzes and experimentally demonstrates the severity of these threats for the evolution of LTE and proposes effective mitigation techniques to prevent denial of service. These mitigation techniques improve the cell selection process at the LTE user equipment, and are backward-compatible with existing LTE networks. We recommend that these modifications be enforced in future releases for increasing the availability and scalability of LTE.
Wearable augmented reality system using gaze interaction (2008)

Undisturbed interaction is essential to provide immersive AR environments. There have been a lot of approaches to interact with VEs (virtual environments) so far, especially in hand metaphor. When the user’s hands are being used for hand-based work such as maintenance and repair, necessity of alternative interaction technique has arisen. In recent research, hands-free gaze information is adopted to AR to perform original actions in concurrence with interaction. [3, 4]. There has been little progress on that research, still at a pilot study in a laboratory setting. In this paper, we introduce such a simple WARS(wearable augmented reality system) equipped with an HMD, scene camera, eye tracker. We propose ‘Aging’ technique improving traditional dwell-time selection, demonstrate AR gallery — dynamic exhibition space with wearable system.
Stability of Organic Electroluminescent Diodes (1994)

We conducted an investigation of the stability of organic electroluminescent (EL) diode during operation and storage using SEM, XPS, cyclic voltammetry, etc. We found that one must pay attention to the following points; 1) morphological stability of organic thin films, 2) electrochemical stability of organic materials themselves, 3) oxidation and/or peeling-off of the cathode, 4) fabrication process. Uniformity of the organic layers made from molecular materials is essentially important to attain a long-term stability of the EL diode. It improved the contact with the cathode resulting in suppression of dark spots and stable operation
Speech coding requirements from the perspective of the future mobile systems (2005)

Third generation mobile systems are currently receiving a lot of attention in many parts of the world. They are intended to provide a wide range of services to a large number of users on a universal basis. As far as quality is concerned, the speech coders are one of the most important components of the future mobile systems and therefore a candidate coder is to fulfil some objectives of the future mobile systems. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution of speech coder characteristics and requirements from mobile applications point of view.
Progress in research of structure modification and structure-activity of camptothecin and its analogues (2003)

Two hypotheses of interation model of camptothecin and DNA-topoI were reviewed.The advanced sits and advanced groups of substitution,along with the structure-activity relantionship were discussed.Some newly promising techniques and means in the tudy of camptothecin were also briefly introduced.
Inhibition of choline kinase renders a highly selective cytotoxic effect in tumour cells through a mitochondrial independent mechanism (2005)

Tumour cells are frequently altered in their phospholipid metabolism. Choline kinase (ChoK, E.C. 2.7.1.32) activity, the first enzyme involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, is increased in a large number of human tumours and tumour-derived cell lines. We have previously reported that MN58b, a specific inhibitor of ChoK, has anti-tumoral activity. Here we show the high specificity of MN58b as a cytotoxic drug towards tumour cells, and explore further the basis of its mechanism of action in order to provide a rational understanding for its antitumoral activity. A dramatic difference in the response to the treatment of primary, normal and non-tumorigenic human cells when compared to tumour-derived cell lines was observed. In normal cells, blockage of de novo PCho synthesis by MN58b results in a reversible cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. In contrast, ChoK inhibition in tumour cells promotes the induction of apoptosis. This effect depends on the cell cycle phase, being G1 the critical phase. Regarding the mechanism of apoptosis engagement, a loss of mitochondrial potential was observed 10-20 min after cytochrome c release, but caspase 3 activation preceded the loss of mitochondrial potential, indicating that activation of caspase 3 is independent of cytochrome c release. Our results are consistent with a non-intrinsic process as the mechanism underlying the induction of apoptosis by ChoK inhibition in tumoral cells.
Subblock matching-based conditional motion estimation with automatic threshold selection for video compression (2003)

We propose a block-based conditional motion estimation scheme for video compression. The blocks in a frame are classified as active or inactive based on a threshold and only the active blocks are subjected to motion estimation. The threshold value is decided automatically through an iterative algorithm. The motion vectors of the boundary active blocks are estimated using a subblock matching-based scheme. Unlike existing variable size block-matching algorithms, the proposed motion estimation scheme preserves the basic framework of the conventional block-matching algorithm, such as equal number of motion vectors and one-pass processing. A small amount of side information needs to be transmitted for the boundary blocks to indicate the displacements of the their subblocks. The proposed scheme provides a better tradeoff between the complexity and the rate-distortion performance of the encoder than other existing schemes and better subjective quality of the motion-compensated frames than the conventional motion compensation.
Highly Efficient Yellow Organic Light Emitting Diode with a Novel Wet‐ and Dry‐Process Feasible Iridium Complex Emitter (2013)

Yellow emission is crucial in RGBY display technology and in fabricating physiologically friendly, low color‐temperature lighting sources. Emitters with both wet‐ and dry‐process feasibility are highly desirable to fabricate, respectively, high‐quality devices via vapor deposition and cost‐effective, large‐area devices via roll‐to‐roll fabrication. Here, high‐efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes with a novel wet‐ and dry‐process feasible yellow‐emitting iridium complex, bis[5‐methyl‐7‐fluoro‐5H‐benzo(c)(1,5) naphthyridin‐6‐one]iridium (picolinate), are demonstrated. By spin coating, the device shows, at 1000 cd m −2 , an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 18.5% with an efficacy of 52.3 lm W −1 , the highest among all reported yellow devices via wet‐process, while using vapor deposition, the EQE is 22.6% with a 75.1 lm W −1 efficacy, the highest among all dry‐processed counterparts. The high efficiency may be attributed to the replacement of the hydrogen atom with a fluorine atom on a 2‐substitutional site in the emitter to prevent dense molecular packing‐caused self‐quenching and to reduce radiationless deactivation rates, leading to a high quantum yield (71%).
The Importance of Surface Coverage in the Electrochemical Study of Chemically Modified Electrodes (2000)

The importance of the surface coverage in the behavior of chemically modified electrodes and its effect on different electrochemical parameters such as the peak potential separation ΔEp, the potential of full width at half peak height Efwhm and the apparent electrochemical rate constant k°, is discussed. The influence of the morphology of the surface of the electrode on the value of surface coverage is also demonstrated.
Optical quantification of hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia in human serum (2014)

In order to increase the automation and efficiency for a national reference laboratory, the ability to quantify interferences like Hemolysis, Icterus, and Lipemia in serum samples is investigated. The system is intended as a screening step prior to clinical analysis of medical samples to prevent false results caused by the interferences. The system is based on selective absorption of transmitted light by the interferences that cause loss of light at specific wavelengths. The absorption spectra of interferences are analyzed to identify the appropriate wavelengths, resulting in a mathematical formulation between the absorbance and concentrations. An absorption wavelength is selected so that the transmitted power of light through a tube with the sample significantly decreased due to the presence of condition of interest, while the reference wavelength is selected so that the transmitted light varies mostly due to the presence of tube material and labels and does not vary due to the presence of interference. A computational model is formulated using a commercial software package, ANSYS FLUENT, in order to understand the absorption and scattering effects, the thermal effects of higher power irradiation on the biological samples, as well as to determine the radiant power of transmitted light through the sample for different power levels. The Discrete Ordinates Method is used to model the radiation through a participating medium. The temperature distribution and spectral power of transmitted radiation are determined for water in a tube for different wavelengths used in the current system.
Ultrastructural localization of lectin-binding sites on the zonae pellucidae and plasma membranes of mammalian eggs. (1975)

Receptors for Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCAI), concanavalin A (Con A), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were localized on the zonae pellucidae and plasma membranes of hamster, mouse, and rat eggs with ferritin-lectin conjugates. Intact eggs labeled with the ferritin conjugates showed dense concentrations of RCAI and WGA receptors in the outermost regions of their zonae pellucidae and sparse distributions of Con A receptors throughout the zonae. Ferritin-lectin labeling was specific, since inhibitory saccharides effectively blocked labeling. The asymmetric density of RCAI receptors across the zona was confirmed by ferritin-RCAI and fluorescein-RCAI labeling of mechanically isolated zonae pellucidae, indicating that the RCAI-binding sites are more densely distributed in the exterior zona regions. Plasma membranes of rodent eggs contained RCAI, WGA, and Con A receptors. These receptors were found to be more or less randomly distributed on surfaces of aldehyde-fixed eggs or on eggs labeled near 0 degrees C. However, eggs incubated at 25 degrees C showed aggregated WGA- and Con A-binding site distributions on their plasma membranes. This indicates that lectin-induced receptor redistribution occurs at this temperature. The possibility that plasma membrane receptor mobility is a requirement for sperm-egg fusion is discussed.
Classification of adenosine receptors mediating antinociception in the rat spinal cord (1986)

Analogues of adenosine were injected intrathecally into rats implanted with chronic indwelling cannulae in order to determine a rank order of potency and hence characterize adenosine receptors involved in spinal antinociception. In the tail flick test L-N6-phenylisopropyl adenosine (L-PIA), cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) produced dose-related antinociception which attained a plateau level. NECA and CHA also produced an additional distinct second phase of antinociception. D-N6-Phenylisopropyl adenosine (D-PIA) and 2-chloroadenosine (CADO) had very little antinociceptive activity in this test. The rank order of potency in producing the plateau effect was L-PIA greater than CHA greater than NECA greater than D-PIA = CADO, while that for the second phase of antinociception was NECA greater than-CHA. Pretreatment with both theophylline and 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT) antagonized antinociception produced by CHA, with 8-PT being at least an order of magnitude more potent than theophylline. Both antagonists produced a significant hyperalgesia in the tail flick test. L-PIA and CHA also produced methylxanthine-sensitive antinociception in the hot plate test. These results suggest that activation of A1-receptors in the spinal cord can produce antinociception. Activation of A2-receptors may produce an additional effect, but the relative activity of CHA in this component of activity is unusual.
Patterns of systemic chemotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (2008)

7590 Background: The International Adjuvant Lung Trial presented in May 2003 was followed by several trials and meta-analyses that demonstrated a clear benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II and IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and an uncertain benefit in IB. The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of clinical trials on patterns of systemic chemotherapy use in patients with resectable NSCLC at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Methods: Data from patients diagnosed with stage I-III NSCLC between 2002–2006 were collected retrospectively. Cases were identified through the cancer registry and included those who were seen at least once at the Thoracic Oncology Program, UCSF. Descriptive statistics were used. The institutional review board approved the study. Results: Final analysis included 172 patients (IB 86, IIA 7, IIB 24, IIIA 50, IIIB 5). Induction chemotherapy (IC) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) were administered in 80 (47%) and 45 (26%) patients, respectively. Thirteen patients received both IC and AC. The frequency of chemotherapy administration was highest in IIIA followed by IIIB, IIB, IIA, and IB. A time related trend with AC was seen only in stage IB: 0% (2002), 12.5% (≤6/2003), 12.5% (>6/2003), 30% (2004), 14% (2005), 10% (2006). Of 56 patients who did not receive any chemotherapy, common reasons were: comorbidities (12), IB tumor size <4cm based on negative results of CALGB 9633 study (6), second malignancy (5), patient declined (5). The most common regimens were carboplatin based (IC 66%, AC 53%). Of the 146 patients operated on at UCSF, 36% received chemotherapy in a community center. No major differences in chemotherapy use were noted between patients treated at tertiary care and community centers. Conclusions: Systemic chemotherapy is commonly administered in early surgical NSCLC. At UCSF, AC patterns in stage IB reflected the positive and negative clinical trial results. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in our experience, was more commonly administered than adjuvant chemotherapy and may have diminished the impact of adjuvant clinical trial results. This study also suggests that coordinated management between community and tertiary care centers is feasible. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Voice Transformation: A survey (2009)

Voice transformation refers to the various modifications one may apply to the sound produced by a person, speaking or singing. Voice transformation is usually seen as an add-on or an external system in speech synthesis systems since it may create virtual voices in a simple and flexible way. In this paper we review the state-of-the-art Voice transformation methodology showing its limitations in producing good speech quality and its current challenges. Addressing quality issues of current voice transformation algorithms in conjunction with properties of the speech production and speech perception systems we try to pave the way for more natural Voice Transformation algorithms in the future. Facing the challenges, will allow Voice transformation systems to be applied in important and versatile areas of speech technology; applications that are far beyond speech synthesis.