gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Middle Class and Global Ecological Limits (2015)

New data, based on national communications, released by the United Nations shows that emissions from the United States increased over 15 per cent in the period 1990–2008 and will increase another 7 per cent by 2020 [UNFCCC, 2011]. Recent research in the United States assumes that 200 Gt of carbon dioxide equivalent will be available in the period 2012–2050; while for 2008, annual emissions from the United States were 7 Gt. The scientific analysis is unambiguous, and notes that this budget is ‘based on “global least cost” economic efficiency criteria for allocating global emissions among countries, and using other criteria, different budget numbers could be suggested, for instance, some argue that based on global “fairness” concerns, a more aggressive U.S. emission reduction effort is warranted’ [NAS, 2010]. A climate budget framework provides a sound basis for global and domestic policy.
Presenteeism in the workplace: A review and research agenda (2009)

Abstract Presenteeism refers to attending work while ill. Although it is a subject of intense interest to scholars in occupational medicine, relatively few organizational scholars are familiar with the concept. This article traces the development of interest in presenteeism, considers its various conceptualizations, and explains how presenteeism is typically measured. Organizational and occupational correlates of attending work when ill are reviewed, as are medical correlates of resulting productivity loss. It is argued that presenteeism has important implications for organizational theory and practice, and a research agenda for organizational scholars is presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Completely Free From Noble Metal Catalysts (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Raman scattering from polymerizing styrene. II. Intensity changes as a function of conversion (1981)

The Raman spectrum of thermally polymerizing styrene has been recorded for temperatures of 100 and 70 °C. The intensities of the ν9 (C = C stretch mode) and ν14 (C–H bending mode) in the vinyl group are used as an indicator of the percent conversion from monomer to polymer. These intensities, normalized to that of ν24 (phenyl breathing mode), are compared to the depolarized Rayleigh intensity of polymerizing styrene. It is suggested that there is very little orientational correlation between the polymer and monomer molecules.
Distillation Codes and Applications to DoS Resistant Multicast Authentication (2004)

We introduce distillation codes, a method for streaming and storing data. Like erasure codes, distillation codes allow information to be decoded from a sufficiently large quorum of symbols. In contrast to erasure codes, distillation codes are robust against pollution attacks, a powerful class of denial of service (DoS) attacks in which adversaries inject invalid symbols during the decoding process. We examine applications of distillation codes to multicast authentication. Previous applications of erasure codes to multicast authentication are vulnerable to low bandwidth pollution attacks. We demonstrate pollution attacks against previous approaches which prevent receivers from verifying any authentic packets. To resist pollution attacks, we introduce Pollution Resistant Authenticated Block Streams, which have low overhead and can tolerate arbitrary patterns of packet loss within a block up to a predetermined number of packets. In the face of 40Mb/s of attack traffic, PRABS receivers successfully authenticate the stream and consume only 10% of their CPU. 1.
3D shape measurement of underwater objects using motion stereo (2002)

It is very difficult to measure the 3D shape of an underwater object from outside of the water by the use of conventional range image sensors, because the measured image is distorted by the effect of the light refraction on the water surface. In this study, we propose a new method for measuring the 3D shape of an underwater object by the use of motion stereo images obtained with a moving camera over the water surface. In this method, we employ an extended motion stereo method. We derive an equation of a locus of an object point in temporal-spatial space obtained by motion stereo images. The locus is parameterized by the position of the object point and the distance between the camera and the water surface. To obtain the parameters, all edge points in the images are voted into parameter space, like Hough transform. First, the parameter of the water surface distance is determined by the voting. Next, 3D position of the object point can be obtained by finding peak position in parameter space. We performed an experiment for demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed method. In the experiment, the shape of an underwater polyhedron is measured by the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can provide not only the 3D shape of the underwater object but also the distance to the water surface.
Automatic layout of variable-content print data (2002)

print layout, paste-up, floorplanning, genetic algorithm, self-organising documents, BICAS The increasing quantity of data held by organizations about individuals, and the recent development of digital press capable of one-off printing at a quality rivalling offset machines, have created a demand for a method to automatically generate page layouts. The present solutions to this are either to use skilled labour to hand-design each page, or constrain the design tightly by fitting everything to a template, both of which have significant drawbacks. This thesis describes a Genetic Algorithm (GA) that automatically generates page layouts, without the need for costly and time-consuming human design, and with considerably more flexibility than a template-based approach. The GA is based on related work in VLSI floorplanning, which is described and adapted for the print context. This method was found to produce attractive layouts with a relatively small number of iterations, even though the only explicit goal in the program was to minimize wasted space. Visual representations of the layout are presented and discussed, together with an analysis of the search space and the speed with which the GA finds a solution. The range of document types for which this method produces attractive layouts is considered, and finally suggestions are made for future work, which would make the system into a more complete layout generation tool. The key novel ideas in this thesis are summarised in a patent application entitled ‘Page composition ’ submitted by Hewlett-Packard to the UK Patent Office on
Do all rejuvenators improve asphalt performance? (2020)

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) contain significant amounts of bitumen and their application in new constructions have been promoted as a sustainable practice in the pavement industry and to promote circular economy. However, this effort has faced challenges such as the aged bitumen’s inferior properties compared to the virgin counterpart and its unknown contribution to new pavements. To address the latter issue, liquid additives were used under the general title of rejuvenators. That poses an additional challenge associated with the lack of clear metrics to differentiate between softeners and rejuvenators. While revitalising aged asphalt binder to regain its desirable properties would be an ideal solution, progress in this area has been limited by a lack of understanding of rejuvenation mechanisms at the molecular level and the absence of representative test parameter(s) to evaluate both efficacy and durability of rejuvenators. In this study, both laboratory experiments and computer modelling were combined to not only compare efficacy of several rejuvenators, but also explain why some rejuvenators are effective while others are not. It was found that all studied rejuvenators have a softening effect on aged asphalt, but only a few of them revitalised aged asphalts’ physicochemical and rheological properties at the binder level. At the mixture level, a lower number of gyratory compaction and reduced rate of crack propagation were observed after the addition of high performing rejuvenators to the asphalt mixtures containing RAP. The reduction in crack propagation rate could be attributed to both enhanced blending between an aged and virgin bitumen and the revitalisation of aged bitumen properties. The latter phenomenon was explained at the molecular level based on the rejuvenator’s ability to interact with aged asphaltene molecules intercalating into and separating asphaltene nanoaggregates. Accordingly, this molecular-level phenomenon is reflected in two ways: an increase in crossover modulus and crossover frequency at the binder level, and a reduced crack propagation rate at the mixture level.
Development of TVA SuperPDC: Phasor applications, tools, and event replay (2008)

With information and measurement technology evolving rapidly within the electric power industry, wide-area measurement, monitoring and control (WAMC) is deemed to be the key technology to improve power system reliability. Guided by this vision, the North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI) is a nation-wide project that collaborate various resources to build the infrastructure of WAMC across North American. As part of NASPI, Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is developing Super Phasor Data Concentrator (SuperPDC) which is the infrastructure hosting different measurement resources and providing platform for numerous WAMC applications, both real-time and none real-time. This paper outlines the SuperPDC architecture and demonstrates some real-time and close to real-time applications, developed by TVA and Virginia Tech based on SupersPDC platform.
Co‐localization and functional interaction between adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> and metabotropic group 5 receptors in glutamatergic nerve terminals of the rat striatum (2004)

The anti-Parkinsonian effect of glutamate metabotropic group 5 (mGluR5) and adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists is believed to result from their ability to postsynaptically control the responsiveness of the indirect pathway that is hyperfunctioning in Parkinson's disease. mGluR5 and A(2A) antagonists are also neuroprotective in brain injury models involving glutamate excitotoxicity. Thus, we hypothesized that the anti-Parkinsonian and neuroprotective effects of A(2A) and mGluR5 receptors might be related to their control of striatal glutamate release that actually triggers the indirect pathway. The A(2A) agonist, CGS21680 (1-30 nM) facilitated glutamate release from striatal nerve terminals up to 57%, an effect prevented by the A(2A) antagonist, SCH58261 (50 nM). The mGluR5 agonist, CHPG (300-600 mum) also facilitated glutamate release up to 29%, an effect prevented by the mGluR5 antagonist, MPEP (10 microm). Both mGluR5 and A(2A) receptors were located in the active zone and 57 +/- 6% of striatal glutamatergic nerve terminals possessed both A(2A) and mGluR5 receptors, suggesting a presynaptic functional interaction. Indeed, submaximal concentrations of CGS21680 (1 nM) and CHPG (100 microm) synergistically facilitated glutamate release and the facilitation of glutamate release by 10 nM CGS21680 was prevented by 10 microm MPEP, whereas facilitation by 300 microm CHPG was prevented by 10 nM SCH58261. These results provide the first direct evidence that A(2A) and mGluR5 receptors are co-located in more than half of the striatal glutamatergic terminals where they facilitate glutamate release in a synergistic manner. This emphasizes the role of the modulation of glutamate release as a likely mechanism of action of these receptors both in striatal neuroprotection and in Parkinson's disease.
CoCrPtO-Based Granular Composite Perpendicular Recording Media (2007)

The effect of capping layer thickness (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cap</sub> ) on media properties in CoCrPtO-based granular composite media is investigated. The CoCrPt-based capping layer with much less coercivity (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) and more exchange coupling than the bottom layer was used. Surprisingly, H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> increases from 4.9 to 5.9 kOe with increasing t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cap </sub> from 0 to 3.8 nm (Zone I) and then decreases to 4.1 kOe at t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cap</sub> =8.3 nm (Zone II). As t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cap</sub> increases, the a axis lattice constant increases from 2.584 to 2.592 Aring, while the c axis lattice constant decreases from 4.213 to 4.192 Aring. Zone I exhibits relatively constant loop slope (alpha) at H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> and activation volume (Vact) for magnetic reversal, while Zone II shows the increase in alpha and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">act</sub> . This increase is confirmed by TEM images with less grain isolation and larger grain size. Angular dependence of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cr</sub> in Zone II shows less coherent switching behavior compared to Zone I. Thermal stability factor continuously improves from 59 to 107 with increasing t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cap</sub> . Simulation results reveal that the increase in H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> at Zone I is mostly due to the enhancement of thermal stability. The decrease in H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c </sub> at Zone II is understood as a dynamic tilted medium caused by the increase in lateral exchange coupling in the capping layer
Liver Injury Associated with Antidepressants (2013)

Antidepressants are commonly prescribed and used in the management of depression, anxiety disorders, and other psychiatric illnesses. Antidepressants used in therapeutic dosing ranges are associated with causing several adverse drug reactions including hepatotoxicity. Paroxetine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram, mirtazapine and venlafaxine are associated with reversible liver injury upon discontinuation of the agent. Patient cases of hepatotoxicity involving the use of nefazodone, trazodone, duloxetine, bupropion, and sertraline are linked to causing death in its users. Due to the idiosyncratic nature of hepatotoxicity, monitoring of liver function tests and immediate discontinuation upon abnormal lab findings or signs and symptoms of liver dysfunction are crucial since most cases of hepatic damage are reversible when detected early. Onset of antidepressant-associated hepatotoxicity varies from 5 days to 3 years. Antidepressant-induced liver injury can occur in the absence of identifiable, underlying risk factors such as cirrhosis and hepatitis infection; only a few cases of hepatic injury involve patients with chronic hepatitis infection. Some of these cases involve possible drug interactions between antidepressants and concomitant agents that increase the risk for liver injury. Understanding druginduced liver injury associated with antidepressants and the importance of safety monitoring is essential to optimize outcomes for antidepressant treatment.
STEROID CONCENTRATIONS IN NORMAL FOLLICULAR FLUID AND OVARIAN CYST FLUID FROM COWS (1962)

Summary. The following steroids were estimated in five samples of normal bovine follicular fluid, and in twenty-four samples of cyst fluid from cows with cystic ovaries: progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, oestrone and oestradiol-17β. 20β-Hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one was also found in two samples of cyst fluid. No testosterone could be detected in any of the samples assayed. Oestradiol-17β was the major steroid present in all five samples of follicular fluid. The concentration of oestradiol-17β was significantly lower (P&lt;0·01) in the cyst fluid. Many of the cyst fluid samples contained large amounts of progesterone, but little or no detectable 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, oestrone or oestradiol-17β. Histological examination of the cyst wall in a number of these cases showed atretic or luteinization changes. In one case where luteinization had occurred, 20β-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one was also present in the cyst fluid. There was no obvious correlation between the behavioural characteristics of the 'cystic cows' and the nature or amount of the steroids present in the cyst fluid. Thus the steroid concentrations in nine 'cystic cows' with normal oestrous cycles did not differ significantly (P&gt;0·05) from the concentrations in seven nymphomaniac cows. The absolute concentrations and relative amounts of the various steroids differed greatly, both between animals and within the same animal. It is therefore concluded that the cyst itself is not the primary defect in cystic ovarian disease. Both histologically and endocrinologically the cyst appears to be a degenerative structure. In the normal follicle, follicular growth and endocrine activity seem to accompany one another; in the cyst, on the other hand, follicular growth continues whilst endocrine activity is waning.
Ultrasonic techniques for measurement of coal slurry viscosity (2003)

The authors present a technical evaluation of ultrasonic methods as applied to the measurement of slurry viscosity. The four ultrasonic techniques examined were measurement of attenuation, acoustic impedance, relaxation, and acoustic streaming and cavitation. Acoustic impedance measurements are more sensitive to slurry viscosity than to any other fluid parameter. The three other techniques measure acoustic attenuation, but in different frequency ranges. The direct attenuation measurement technique suffers from the difficulty of extracting the viscous contribution from other effects, especially the thermal effect. The relaxation method requires an operating frequency near 10/sup 9/ Hz, which is difficult to achieve at present. Finally, the streaming and cavitation method has not been carefully examined because the technique is based on nonlinear acoustic effects which are not well understood. Results from this study indicate that it is feasible to develop an online ultrasonic viscometer based on the measurement of either acoustic impedance or acoustic streaming and cavitation. The authors describe the design and performance of an ultrasonic shear-wave wedge for acoustic impedance measurement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer over Reclaimed Land (2005)

Heat fluxes were measured over reclaimed land covered with reeds and mud in order to analyze the energy budget. The sensible heat flux was transferred toward the air more in winter over the reclaimed land where the soil characteristic is more important than the canopy condition. The nocturnal boundary was estimated to be shallower due to the heat capacity of the mud.
Allyl silanes in organic synthesis: some reactions of 3-trimethylsilylcyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid and its derivatives (1976)

The allyl silanes (1), (2), and (3) react with acid, peracetic acid, and phenylsulphenyl tetrafluoroborate, respectively, to give electrophilic substitution products with loss of the trimethylsilyl group and a shift of the double bond.
High-performance 193-nm photoresist materials based on ROMA polymers: sub-90-nm contact hole application with resist reflow (2004)

There are numerous methods being explored by lithographers to achieve the patterning of sub-90nm contact hole features. Regarding optical impact on contact imaging, various optical extension techniques such as assist features, focus drilling, phase shift masks, and off-axis illumination are being employed to improve the aerial image. One possible option for improving of the process window in contact hole patterning is resist reflow. We have already reported the resist using a ring opened polymer of maleic anhydride unit(ROMA) during the past two years in this conference. It has several good properties such as UV transmittance, PED stability, solubility and storage stability. The resist using ROMA polymer as a matrix resin showed a good lithographic performance at C/H pattern and one of the best characteristics in a ROMA polymer is the property of thermal shrinkage. It has a specific glass transition temperature(Tg) each polymers, so they made a applying of resist reflow technique to print sub-90nm C/H possible. Recently, we have researched about advanced ROMA polymer(ROMA II), which is composed of cycloolefine derivatives with existing ROMA type polymer(ROMA I), for dry etch resistance increasing, high resolution, and good thermal shrinkage property. In this paper, we will present the structure, thermal shrinkage properties, Tg control, material properties for ROMA II polymer and will show characteristics, the lithographic performance for iso and dense C/H applications of the resist using ROMA II polymer. In addition, we will discuss resist reflow data gained at C/H profile of sub-90nm sizes, which has good process window.
Gene therapy for β-thalassaemia: the continuing challenge (2010)

The β-thalassaemias are inherited anaemias that form the most common class of monogenic disorders in the world. Treatment options are limited, with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation offering the only hope for lifelong cure. However, this option is not available for many patients as a result of either the lack of compatible donors or the increased risk of transplant-related mortality in subjects with organ damage resulting from accumulated iron. The paucity of alternative treatments for patients that fall into either of these categories has led to the development of a revolutionary treatment strategy based on gene therapy. This approach involves replacing allogeneic stem cell transplantation with the transfer of normal globin genes into patient-derived, autologous haematopoietic stem cells. This highly attractive strategy offers several advantages, including bypassing the need for allogeneic donors and the immunosuppression required to achieve engraftment of the transplanted cells and to eliminate the risk of donor-related graft-versus-host disease. This review discusses the many advances that have been made towards this endeavour as well as the hurdles that must still be overcome before gene therapy for β-thalassaemia, as well as many other gene therapy applications, can be widely applied in the clinic.
Relationship between Paper Properties and Fuser Oil Uptake in a High-speed Digital Xerographic Printing Fuser (2007)

The fuser roll in high-speed xerographic printers is typically coated with a silicon-based oil to facilitate clean splitting of the fused image and paper as it exits the fusing nip. If oil uptake by paper is excessive, the fuser roll will become insufficiently coated with oil. Consequently, both image quality and fuser roll life will be negatively impacted. A variety of commercial papers were characterized and evaluated for their oil uptake performance. Using partial least-squares regression, key paper properties correlated with oil uptake were identified. Surface energy of paper was found to have the strongest correlation with oil uptake. Furthermore, based on contact mechanic theories, a contact area index (CI) was used to describe the degree of contact between paper and the fuser roll at the nip. A positive correlation between oil uptake and CI suggests that roughness and stiffness also have significant influences on oil uptake.