gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Method of Perforating Casing Below Tubing (1952)

Abstract The introduction in the field of a new type well completion called for the setting of tubing open-ended in the well before perforating the casing. This paper describes a new perforating tool of the shaped charge expendable type, small enough to pass through tubing and powerful enough to perforate the casing. The perforations are produced at an angle and are large enough for optimum production. Performance of this tool in targets and under various well conditions is described. Very often no lifting equipment will be available at the well. In some cases, pressure will exist in the well at the time of the perforating operation (workover wells or multiple trip perforation); therefore, new equipment and new technique for the perforating operation were devised. This paper describes this equipment and technique, particularly casing collar recording, sheave support, and cable pull-down device, this last item being necessary for wells under pressure. Results obtained with this tool in the field are given. Introduction One of the key requirements for the introduction in the field of a new method of permanent well completion was the development of a new perforating method involving the use of a perforating gun small enough to go through tubing and with enough penetrating power to perforate the casing satisfactorily. The equipment described in this paper was basically designed to go through open-ended two-in. tubing and to perforate 5?-in. casing. The equipment is illustrated in accompanying figures. New Completion Method With the new permanent type well completion, the production string of casing is run and cemented through the potential producing zone. Open-ended tubing is then run into the well and used to replace the drilling fluid with oil or water. The amount of the oil or water "cushion" can be varied according to the expected bottom hole pressure. Thus, if desired, the hydrostatic head can be greater, equal to, or less than the expected pressure within the zone to be perforated. Mud having been displaced, the tubing is then positioned so that the end is above the zone to be perforated.
Low‐Temperature Deposition of Hexagonal Boron Nitride via Sequential Injection of Triethylboron and N <sub>2</sub> /H <sub>2</sub> Plasma (2014)

Hexagonal boron nitride ( hBN ) thin films were deposited on silicon and quartz substrates using sequential exposures of triethylboron and N 2 / H 2 plasma in a hollow‐cathode plasma‐assisted atomic layer deposition reactor at low temperatures (≤450°C). A non‐saturating film deposition rate was observed for substrate temperatures above 250°C. BN films were characterized for their chemical composition, crystallinity, surface morphology, and optical properties. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depicted the peaks of boron, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen at the film surface. B 1s and N 1s high‐resolution XPS spectra confirmed the presence of BN with peaks located at 190.8 and 398.3 eV , respectively. As deposited films were polycrystalline, single‐phase hBN irrespective of the deposition temperature. Absorption spectra exhibited an optical band edge at ~5.25 eV and an optical transmittance greater than 90% in the visible region of the spectrum. Refractive index of the hBN film deposited at 450°C was 1.60 at 550 nm, which increased to 1.64 after postdeposition annealing at 800°C for 30 min. These results represent the first demonstration of hBN deposition using low‐temperature hollow‐cathode plasma‐assisted sequential deposition technique.
Optimum structures of space switching fabrics for SDH cross-connect equipment (1993)

A number of telecommunications operating companies have identified a need for compact SDH cross-connect equipment and multiplexers with cross-connect capabilities for deployment in all three tiers of a manageable digital communications network. The way in which the space switching components of the switching fabric are built and the way in which the functionality is distributed amongst IC packages and circuit cards determine the density of the switching fabric and the physical size of the control memory. These characteristics of single stage cross-point and multi-stage Clos networks are investigated. >
Adaptive hysteresis compensation for a magneto-rheological robot actuator (2013)

In this paper, adaptive compensation of the hysteresis in a Magneto-Rheological (MR) fluid based actuators and its application for sensor-less high fidelity force/torque control is investigated. The MR actuator considered in this paper was originally described in [1] and [2]. This actuator offers high torque-to-mass and torque-to-inertia ratios. Yet, as an essential component of MR actuators, the magnetic circuit of the actuator shows hysteresis between its input current/voltage and output magnetic field. The hysteresis in the magnetic circuit results in a similar relationship between the input current and the output torque of the MR actuator. The control scheme used with actuators possessing hysteresis often requires compensating for the hysteresis. To this end, we propose an adaptive control method based on feedback linearization that estimates both hysteresis and uncertain parameters of the magnetic circuit. A set of experiments is performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Polarographic Analysis of Aluminum Alloys (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolarographic Analysis of Aluminum AlloysI Kolthoff and George MatsuyamaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1945, 17, 10, 615–620Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560146a003https://doi.org/10.1021/i560146a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Comparative Study of Nb-Incorporated Cubic Mesoporous Silicates as Epoxidation Catalysts (2014)

Niobium in varying amounts was successfully incorporated into SBA-16 material via a one-pot direct synthesis technique. Complementary small angle X-ray spectroscopy (SAXS), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption isotherms, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) imaging results confirm the structural features and integrity of the prepared materials. The Nb-SBA-16 materials possess high surface areas (829–1060 m2/g) and pore volumes (0.69–0.82 cm3/g) that decrease with increasing niobium content. Niobium exists mostly as tetrahedral NbO4 and oligomeric NbO4 species. NH3-TPD results reveal that Nb insertion imparts Lewis acidity to the SBA-16 supports, with the acidity increasing with Nb loading. The Nb-SBA-16 materials show good cyclohexene epoxidation activity with H2O2 as oxidant, with the epoxide selectivity decreasing at higher Nb loadings due to ring-opening and other side reactions of the epoxide, attributed to increased acidity. The Nb-SBA-16 materials generally show superior performance compared to either Nb-KIT-6 or Nb-KIT-5 materials at lower Nb loadings and similar reaction conditions. Unlike the other catalysts, both the cyclohexene conversion and epoxide selectivity go through a maximum in the case Nb-SBA-16 materials, suggesting that the surface Nb oxide species that dictate the overall acidity are different in the three catalysts.
Left ventricular volume determination in the horse by two‐dimensional echocardiography: an <i>in vitro</i> study (1990)

This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in determining the left ventricular volume (LVV) of the horse in vitro. After examining the shape of the left ventricular silicon rubber casts of four equine hearts, two modified Simpson's rule methods (Model A and Model B) as combinations of conical shapes and one biplane area-length method as a single cone (Model C) were chosen for volume calculations. One long axis and three short axis planes were used for linear and area 2DE measurements, respectively. The ventricular length (L) was calculated from the chordal length (CL) by using a linear regression equation (L = 5.54 + 1.83 CL) obtained by anatomical measurement of these two parameters on 40 normal hearts. The LVV was calculated in 15 formalin-fixed hearts from 2DE measurements with the three geometric models. Left ventricular casts were then made using silicon rubber, and their volumes were determined by water displacement. The calculated volumes were plotted against cast volumes with linear regression analysis. All calculated LVVs correlated well with the cast LVVs (R = 0.921 to 0.957; P less than 0.001). The highest correlation was provided by Model A which best represented the shape of the left ventricle. This model consisted of a truncated cone bordered by the area at the level of the mitral valve and by the area at the level of the chordae tendineae, plus a cone the base of which was the area at the level of the papillary muscles. The results demonstrate the applicability of 2DE for equine LVV determinations in vitro, similar to other species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
How a specialist and a non‐specialist insect cope with dimethyl disulfide produced by <i>Allium porrum</i> (2004)

Abstract Damaged Allium plants produce and release sulfur allelochemicals, presumably to prevent insect herbivory. Defensive sulfur compounds, particularly dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), are highly toxic for non‐adapted species. The toxicity of DMDS in these insects is due to disruption of the cytochrome oxidase system of their mitochondria. The purpose of this study was to compare susceptibility to DMDS in a specialist and a non‐specialist insect of Allium plants, i.e., Acrolepiopsis assectella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae) and Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) a specialist insect of Leguminosae. Results showed that A. assectella larvae are less susceptible to DMDS than C. maculatus adults. This bruchid becomes more tolerant after a first exposure to 0.2 µl l −1 of DMDS, with second‐exposure toxicity depending on the time lapse between exposures. Higher second‐exposure tolerance could be due to selection and detoxification. To answer this question, the activity of glutathione S‐transferase (GST), a key enzyme in the detoxification system, was analyzed after DMDS exposure of C. maculatus adults and larvae and of A. assectella larvae. Exposure to DMDS increased GST activity in C. maculatus adults and larvae. This finding implies that induced GST is involved in C. maculatus tolerance to DMDS. Exposure to DMDS had no effect on GST activity in A. assectella . Adaptations underlying A. assectella tolerance to sulfur compounds are discussed.
Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide (2000)

From the Publisher:
So, you want to write a kernel module. You know C, you've written a number of normal programs to run as processes, and now you want to get to where the real action is, to where a single wild pointer can wipe out your file system and a core dump means a reboot. 
Welcome to the club. 
Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide is for people who want to write kernel modules. It takes a hands-on approach starting with writing a small hello, world program, and quickly moves from there. Far from a boring text on programming, Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide has a lively style that entertains while it educates. 
Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide is one of the key documents of the Linux Documentation Project, an online compilation of freely distributed manuals and how-to guides on the popular Linux operating system. This book is a printed version of the online documentation, and is provided as a convenience for those who prefer printed manuals.
iUniverse.com Computer Books are composed of freely available online computer manuals, industry standard specifications, and electronically distributed computer-programming guides. They include open documents' collections of industry specifications and standards and a collection of the best open source documentation on the Web...the most complete open source library available anywhere. 
Each book contains the complete, unabridged text of the original document. The on-demand publishing process gives you the actual text of the online document in a convenient, inexpensive, easy-to-use format. 
And remember...iUniverse.com donates a portion of the profits from open document and open source books to support the mission of the free software community.
Conveyor Visual Tracking using Robot Vision (2009)

Robot conveyor tracking is a task in which a robot follows and obtains objects on a conveyor belt. Prior to obtaining an object from an automation line, a robot needs information about the object, such as its position, orientation, velocity, size, etc. Compared to ultrasonic sensors and infrared ray sensors, vision sensors can provide more information about the object on the conveyor belts. Generally, an object tracking system has several steps: obtaining an image, recognizing objects, and extracting information for object position and orientation. The object tracking process for a conveyor system should be fast enough to support a real-time environment. In this article we describe a robotic tracking system that uses vision information extracted from sequential image frames. For fast extraction of vision information we applied a difference image technique which carries out a subtraction operation between two sequential frames with a small time interval. This simple method is useful for obtaining information about an image when there are minimal background effects caused by the conveyor system. In this article we present some results of some experiments using an integrated robot conveyor, vision system, and robot user interface software.
Automated Generation of a Digital Elevation Model Over Steep Terrain in Antarctica From High-Resolution Satellite Imagery (2014)

The automated generation of a digital elevation model over the Antarctic using stereo matching high-resolution satellite images is a challenging task. Moreover, the homogeneous radiometry in the icy environment and the strong geometric dissimilarity between stereo pairs over the steep terrain limit the use of area-based matching techniques. To overcome this issue, we propose template matching with image transformation in order to reduce the geometric dissimilarity. First, we generated epipolar resampled images to ensure the ease of estimation and handling of image dissimilarities from various viewing directions. We then utilized the normalized cross-correlation (NCC) and transformed the image patches within the matching window along the sample, line, and diagonal directions in order to improve the match rates within the steep areas. Furthermore, we tested the proposed method using Antarctic IKONOS stereo images and found that the overall matching success rate improved from 93.5% to 97.0% for all image pixels. We then computed the success rates over an area in which the NCC produced a low elevation point density and observed a more significant improvement from 58.7% to 79.26%. When compared to the manually generated elevation, the maximum vertical difference improved from 11.4 to 4.7 m. With these improvements, we can build a 1-m resolution elevation model over the glaciated high relief terrain.
Hydrogen Fluoride as a Condensing Agent. XIV. Alkylation Studies<sup>1</sup> (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen Fluoride as a Condensing Agent. XIV. Alkylation Studies1J. H. Simons and G. C. BasslerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 3, 880–881Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01848a514https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01848a514research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Macroscopic and microscopic observations of needle insertion into gels (2012)

Needle insertion into soft tissue is one of the most common medical interventions. This study provides macroscopic and microscopic observations of needle-gel interactions. A gelatin mixture is used as a soft-tissue simulant. For the macroscopic studies, system parameters, such as insertion velocity, needle diameter, gel elasticity, needle tip shape (including bevel angle) and insertion motion profile, are varied, while the maximum insertion force and maximum needle deflection are recorded. The needle tip and gel interactions are observed using confocal microscopic images. Observations indicate that increasing the insertion velocity and needle diameter results in larger insertion forces and smaller needle deflections. Varying the needle bevel angle from 8 degrees to 82 degrees results in the insertion force increasing monotonically, while the needle deflection does not. These variations are due to the coupling between gel rupture and tip compression interactions, which are observed during microscopic studies. Increasing the gel elasticity results in larger insertion forces and needle deflections. Varying the tip shapes demonstrates that bevel-tipped needles produce the largest deflection, but insertion force does not vary among the tested tip shapes. Insertion with different motion profiles are performed. Results show that adding I Hz rotational motion during linear insertion decreases the needle deflection. Increasing the rotational motion from I Hz to 5 Hz decreases the insertion force, while the needle deflection remains the same. A high-velocity (250 mm/s and 300 mm/s) tapping during insertion yields no significant decrease in needle deflection and a slight increase in insertion force.
Methods for performance evaluation of VBR video traffic models (1994)

Models for predicting the performance of multiplexed variable bit rate video sources are important for engineering a network. However, models of a single source are also important for parameter negotiations and call admittance algorithms. In this paper we propose to model a single video source as a Markov renewal process whose states represent different bit rates. We also propose two novel goodness-of-fit metrics which are directly related to the specific performance aspects that we want to predict from the model. The first is a leaky bucket contour plot which can be used to quantify the burstiness of any traffic type. The second measure applies only to video traffic and measures how well the model can predict the compressed video quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Data security in cloud computing (2016)

This paper discusses the security of data in cloud computing. It is a study of data in the cloud and aspects related to it concerning security. The paper will go in to details of data protection methods and approaches used throughout the world to ensure maximum data protection by reducing risks and threats. Availability of data in the cloud is beneficial for many applications but it poses risks by exposing data to applications which might already have security loopholes in them. Similarly, use of virtualization for cloud computing might risk data when a guest OS is run over a hypervisor without knowing the reliability of the guest OS which might have a security loophole in it. The paper will also provide an insight on data security aspects for Data-in-Transit and Data-at-Rest. The study is based on all the levels of SaaS (Software as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service) and IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service).
Transient Eddy Current Response Due to a Subsurface Crack in a Conductive Plate (2006)

Eddy current nondestructive evaluation (NDE) is usually carried out by exciting a time harmonic field using an inductive probe. However, a viable alternative is to use transient eddy current NDE in which a current pulse in a driver coil produces a transient .eld in a conductor that decays at a rate dependent on the conductivity and the permeability of the material and the coil configuration. By using transient eddy current, it is possible to estimate the properties of the conductive medium and to locate and size potential .aws from the measured probe response. The fundamental study described in this dissertation seeks to establish a theoretical understanding of the transient eddy current NDE. Compared with the Fourier transform method, the derived analytical formulations are more convenient when the transient eddy current response within a narrow time range is evaluated. The theoretical analysis provides a valuable tool to study the effect of layer thickness, location of defect, crack opening as well as the optimization of probe design. Analytical expressions have been developed to evaluate the transient response due to eddy currents in a conductive plate based on two asymptotic series. One series converges rapidly for a short time regime and the other for a long time regime and both of them agree with the results calculated by fast Fourier transform over all the times considered. The idea of asymptotic expansion is further applied to determine the induced electromotive force (EMF) in a pick-up coil due to eddy currents in a cylindrical rod. Starting from frequency domain representation, a quasi-static time domain dyadic Green's function for an electric source in a conductive plate has been derived. The resulting expression has three parts; a free space term, multiple image terms and partial reflection terms. The dyadic Green's function serves as the kernel of an electric field integral equation which defines the interaction of an ideal crack with the transient eddy currents in a conductive plate. The crack response is found using the reciprocity theorem. Good agreement is observed between the predictions of the magnetic field due to the crack and experimental measurements.
Rampant caries revisited. (1990)

This report describes a conservative and preventive approach to the treatment of a two-and-a-half-year-old girl who presented with a severely compromised dentition. Clinical management was complicated by the fact that the patient had a ventricular septal defect that would require prophylactic antibiotic cover for any extractions.