gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolving Amorphous Robots. (2010)

Research in evolutionary robotics has traditionally been limited to morphologies comprising rigid and discrete components, such as links connected with rotational or linear joints and actuators. Here, we demonstrate the evolution of robots with continuous and amorphous morphologies composed of multiple materials. Actuation is accomplished by periodic volumetric expansion and contraction of one or more of these materials. The challenges of representing evolvable multi-material freeform shapes and evaluation (simulation) of the resulting soft bodies are discussed. Several genotypic representations are explored which use a level-set threshold to generate the material distribution in the phenotype. Soft body simulation of the robot is accomplished using a relaxation algorithm to model the dynamics of the resulting amorphous machines under the actuation material expansion, gravity forces, and non-linear ground friction. These results open the door to a new design space that more closely mimics the freeform, amorphous and continuous nature of biological systems.
Self-replicating Replicon-RNA Delivery to Dendritic Cells by Chitosan-nanoparticles for Translation In Vitro and In Vivo (2014)

Self-amplifying replicon RNA (RepRNA) possesses high potential for increasing antigen load within dendritic cells (DCs). The major aim of the present work was to define how RepRNA delivered by biodegradable, chitosan-based nanoparticulate delivery vehicles (nanogel-alginate (NGA)) interacts with DCs, and whether this could lead to translation of the RepRNA in the DCs. Although studies employed virus replicon particles (VRPs), there are no reports on biodegradable, nanoparticulate vehicle delivery of RepRNA. VRP studies employed cytopathogenic agents, contrary to DC requirements-slow processing and antigen retention. We employed noncytopathogenic RepRNA with NGA, demonstrating for the first time the efficiency of RepRNA association with nanoparticles, NGA delivery to DCs, and RepRNA internalization by DCs. RepRNA accumulated in vesicular structures, with patterns typifying cytosolic release. This promoted RepRNA translation, in vitro and in vivo. Delivery and translation were RepRNA concentration-dependent, occurring in a kinetic manner. Including cationic lipids with chitosan during nanoparticle formation enhanced delivery and translation kinetics, but was not required for translation of immunogenic levels in vivo. This work describes for the first time the characteristics associated with chitosan-nanoparticle delivery of self-amplifying RepRNA to DCs, leading to translation of encoded foreign genes, namely influenza virus hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein.
Unravelling Filipino terrorism (2004)

Extract: Manila was in pitch darkness and gangs of soldiers roamed the streets arresting anyone who was foolish enough to be out without a good excuse. A gun was thrust into the airport taxi I was travelling in but was quickly withdrawn when my driver explained I was a foreigner with an introduction to meet a high-ranking Filipino police officer. It was 1973 and the new Australian attorney-general, Lionel Murphy, had asked me to report on how police dealt with organised crime in South-East Asia. The Philippines was my first destination. I arrived a few days after President Marcos declared martial law.
Engine Intake Throttling for Active Regeneration of Diesel Particle Filters (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">By means of catalysts, either coatings or fuel-borne, the temperature level for triggering the combustion of soot stored in particulate traps can be lowered from 600°C to 300°C, in case of CRT even to 250°C; but even that may fail, if in dense traffic application of a city-bus only 150 - 200°C are attained - similar situations of low load duty cycles exist in most other applications too. Mere passive regeneration may then not be sufficient, active support is needed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents an “active” method applicable to any Diesel engine to increase the exhaust temperature whenever required: load of Diesel engines is controlled by the fuel flow only; consequently, excess of air above stochiometric requirement is increasing from λ = 1.5 to λ = 8 with decreasing load, which is in fact the principal cause of the low temperature at light loads. By throttling the air flow simultaneously with the fuel flow, λ is reduced leading to an increased temperature of the exhaust gas, which can be as high as 300 Centigrade.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper reports an investigation of intake air-flow throttling as an active tool to increase the exhaust temperature whenever needed for regeneration of a particulate filter by means of a computational simulation as well as an experimental verification concluding that throttling downstream of the turbocharger compressor will be the most advisable method.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Influence on fuel economy remains negligible because of the very short operation time.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Fast responding actuators are required to take care of rapid load changes.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Operation strategy can be electronically based on engine map data, but also more simple solutions are possible which are well suited to retrofit engines of older pure mechanical design.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It is recommended to use air intake throttling in combination with catalytic coating of particle filters or fuel borne catalysts to cover a very wide range of engine applications and operation conditions.</div>
Anaerobic Initial Reaction of <i>n</i> -Alkanes in a Denitrifying Bacterium: Evidence for (1-Methylpentyl)succinate as Initial Product and for Involvement of an Organic Radical in <i>n</i> -Hexane Metabolism (2001)

A novel type of denitrifying bacterium (strain HxN1) with the capacity to oxidize n-alkanes anaerobically with nitrate as the electron acceptor to CO(2) formed (1-methylpentyl)succinate (MPS) during growth on n-hexane as the only organic substrate under strict exclusion of air. Identification of MPS by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was based on comparison with a synthetic standard. MPS was not formed during anaerobic growth on n-hexanoate. Anaerobic growth with [1-(13)C]n-hexane or d(14)-n-hexane led to a 1-methylpentyl side chain in MPS with one (13)C atom or 13 deuterium atoms, respectively. This indicates that the 1-methylpentyl side chain originates directly from n-hexane. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed the presence of an organic radical in n-hexane-grown cells but not in n-hexanoate-grown cells. Results point at a mechanistic similarity between the anaerobic initial reaction of n-hexane and that of toluene, even though n-hexane is much less reactive; the described initial reaction of toluene in anaerobic bacteria is an addition to fumarate via a radical mechanism yielding benzylsuccinate. We conclude that n-hexane is activated at its second carbon atom by a radical reaction and presumably added to fumarate as a cosubstrate, yielding MPS as the first stable product. When 2,3-d(2)-fumarate was added to cultures growing on unlabeled n-hexane, 3-d(1)-MPS rather than 2,3-d(2)-MPS was detected, indicating loss of one deuterium atom by an as yet unknown mechanism.
Fiber optic reflectance spectrophotometry system for in vivo tissue diagnosis (1991)

Fiber optic probes for a small portable reflectance spectrophotometry system for noninvasive clinical diagnosis have been developed. A slender fiber optic probe, 3 m long, 2.4-mm diameter, which goes into the channel of a fiber optic endoscope, has been developed as the standard probe. To expand the availability and capability of this reflectance spectrophotometry system, some variations of the fiber optic probes were developed: contact sensor, pressure sensor, attachments for dental use, and a modified-shape probe head for continuous monitoring. The feasibility of these fiber optic probes was examined experimentally.
City Development. By Lewis Mumford. (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. 1945. Pp. 248. $2.00.) (1945)

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Affinity-chromatographic purification of <i>S</i>-adenosyl-<scp>l</scp>-homocysteine hydrolase. Some properties of the enzyme from rat liver (1981)

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase has been purified to apparent homogeneity from rat liver by means of affinity chromatography on 8-(3-aminopropylamino)adenosine linked to Sepharose. The purified enzyme was free from adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase activities and was homogeneous on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis which gave a subunit mol.wt. of 47 000. The native enzyme showed some microheterogeneity on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under increased-resolution conditions but was homogeneous on isoelectric focusing (pI 5.6). The molecular weight of the native enzyme was about 220 000 as judged by pore-gradient electrophoresis. The native enzyme bound adenosine tightly and showed Km values of 0.6 microM, 0.9 microM and 60 microM for adenosine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and L-homocysteine respectively. The enzyme was rapidly inactivated when incubated in the presence of adenosine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine or several adenosine derivatives or analogues. Inactivation took place both at 0 and 37 degrees C. Freezing in the absence of glycerol resulted in the appearance of dissociation products of the oligomeric protein. Multimer formation was observed at low thiol concentrations.
Contrasting effects of transforming growth factor-<i>beta</i> and IL-1 on the regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitors in human synovial fibroblasts. (1993)

TGF-beta increased in a dose-dependent manner the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in cultured human synovial fibroblast-like cells, as measured by ELISA. Significant increases in PAI-1 were first detected in cell supernatants within 4 h after cytokine addition. Increases were also observed in PAI-1 mRNA expression. IL-1 suppressed these increases in PAI-1 Ag and mRNA. In contrast, when PAI-2 levels were measured by ELISA, TGF-beta did not raise them but inhibited slightly the enhancement caused by IL-1 of PAI-2 Ag and mRNA. Therefore TGF-beta selectively stimulates the formation of one PAI; TGF-beta and IL-1 have opposing effects on PAI-1 and PAI-2 synthesis in the synovial cells. These findings are proposed to help define the control of fibrinolysis and tissue remodeling in the rheumatoid synovium.
Clinical Relevance of Vitamin C Among Lead-Exposed Infertile Men (2012)

This study leads us to conclude that the lead compound interferes with the testicular function, inducing its activity and also by exerting its effect on sperm DNA, leading to fragmentation. Further, the prophylaxis with antioxidant treatment may offer protection against the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced DNA damage, which is a major cause in the etiology of male infertility.
Pre-Turbocharger-Catalyst - Catalytic Performances on an Euro V Type Diesel Engine and Robust Design Development (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Future emission legislation and new diesel engine technology tighten the requirements for modern diesel vehicle exhaust after-treatment systems. In particular, the oxidation catalyst system requires more efficiency to treat increasing raw emissions of HC and CO at low exhaust gas temperatures resulting from advanced combustion processes. This represents a big challenge for all developers today where the cost of raw materials continues to rise.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Splitting the oxidation catalyst volume into two parts and mounting a very small part in front of a turbocharger on Euro III or Euro IV Diesel engines has been proved very efficient: Light off and maximum pollutant conversion rates were improved. New results gained with Pre Turbocharger Catalyst (PTC) on a Euro V type diesel engine are confirming previous observations.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The complete after-treatment system of today's vehicles should be designed and developed for the whole life of the vehicle. Due to its position in front of the turbine any failure of the PTC, in either the metal substrate or of the coating, would result in particularly severe consequences due to turbine damage and/or loss of turbine function. A robust design for the metal substrate has been defined with the help of Finite Element simulation of thermal stress and has then been validated on the component test bench.</div>
Distribution Management System for the Grid of the Future: A Transactive System Compensating for the Rise in Distributed Energy Resources (2018)

The electric industry is undergoing significant changes due to a number of factors including new technologies, the proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs), and increasingly savvy prosumers (consumers with local active sources of generation and storage). These changes impact utility operations and business models in fundamental ways. From an operational perspective, the distribution utility faces large numbers of active grid-edge devices and systems for which it currently has limited to no visibility or control. From a business point-of-view, the customer-owned DERs reduce the utility?s net energy sales, while, at the same time, imposing increased costs on the utility to accommodate their variability and unpredictability.
Speed limit sign board detection and extraction of digits in different weather conditions (2012)

This thesis report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2012.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Plasmodium vivax Sporozoite Vaccine (1990)

A recombinant DNA Plasmodium vivax sporozoite vaccine containing the repeating region of the Salvador I strain circumsporozoite (CS) protein was produced in Escherichia coli. This vaccine was tested in 13 naive volunteers at doses of 10-1,000 micrograms. No serious adverse reactions were noted. None of 4 volunteers receiving the 10 micrograms dose developed antibodies measurable by ELISA. Six of 9 volunteers in the other dose groups developed measurable antibodies: 5 of 5 volunteers receiving 100 micrograms and 1 of 4 receiving 1,000 micrograms. Antibody responses measured by immunofluorescence assays paralleled those seen by ELISA. None of the volunteers developed antisera that inhibited sporozoite invasion of human hepatoma cells in vitro. Lack of a classical anamnestic response and lack of a typical dose response to increasing amounts of antigen suggests the possible presence of an immunosuppressive epitope in the repetitive region of the CS protein.
A simple theory of the anomalous hall effect in semiconductors (1973)

The anomalous Hall effect in a two band semiconductor is treated by an elementary theory based on the use of an effective Hamiltonian in the conduction band. Simple equations of motion for the position and momentum provide an obvious interpretation of the results. The theory is worked out for arbitrary frequency and d.c. magnetic field, and for a spin magnetization which is either stationary or resonant. The physical nature of the various terms that contribute to the anomalous current is discussed in detail, and it is compared to the various existing models (most of which prove to be incomplete).
Abietadiene Synthase from Grand Fir (<i>Abies grandis</i>):  Characterization and Mechanism of Action of the “Pseudomature” Recombinant Enzyme (2000)

The oleoresin secreted by grand fir (Abies grandis) is composed of resin acids derived largely from the abietane family of diterpene olefins as precursors which undergo subsequent oxidation of the C18-methyl group to a carboxyl function, for example, in the conversion of abieta-7,13-diene to abietic acid. A cDNA encoding abietadiene synthase has been isolated from grand fir and the heterologously expressed bifunctional enzyme shown to catalyze both the protonation-initiated cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the intermediate (+)-copalyl diphosphate and the ionization-dependent cyclization of (+)-copalyl diphosphate, via a pimarenyl intermediate, to the olefin end products. Abietadiene synthase is translated as a preprotein bearing an N-terminal plastidial targeting sequence, and this form of the recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli proved to be unsuitable for detailed structure-function studies. Since the transit peptide-mature protein cleavage site could not be determined directly, a truncation series was constructed to delete the targeting sequence and prepare a "pseudomature" form of the enzyme that resembled the native abietadiene synthase in kinetic properties. Both the native synthase and the pseudomature synthase having 84 residues deleted from the preprotein converted geranylgeranyl diphosphate and the intermediate (+)-copalyl diphosphate to a nearly equal mixture of abietadiene, levopimaradiene, and neoabietadiene, as well as to three minor products, indicating that this single enzyme accounts for production of all of the resin acid precursors of grand fir. Kinetic evaluation of abietadiene synthase with geranylgeranyl diphosphate and (+)-copalyl diphosphate provided evidence for two functionally distinct active sites, the first for the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (+)-copalyl diphosphate and the second for the cyclization of (+)-copalyl diphosphate to diterpene end products, and demonstrated that the rate-limiting step of the coupled reaction sequence resides in the second cyclization process. The structural implications of these findings are discussed in the context of primary sequence elements considered to be responsible for binding the substrate and intermediate and for initiating the respective cyclization steps.
Using pen and paper to control networked appliances (2006)

User interfaces to control networked household appliances are often inadequate. Either they are too simplistic or they are too complex and complicated relying on a PC-based interface. Therefore, a user interface that supports complex functionalities and is easy to use is required. In this article digital pen and paper are presented as a suitable interface. Digital pens are only marginally larger than their traditional counterparts, and digital paper is ordinary paper with an almost invisible unique pattern printed on it. Pen and paper are well known to users and thus an important barrier to the acceptance of networked appliances is removed. The approach is integrated with an open services gateway initiative (OSGi) gateway, thus allowing for flexibility with respect to the protocol used to communicate with the appliance. It is also shown how the approach can be applied to other appliances in and beyond the home
Universal classification for CDMA communications: single-user receivers and multi-user receivers (2002)

Universal classification refers to the empirical detection problem based on training sequences without assuming any a priori models, and the theory finds important applications in signal detection in the presence of uncertainties. Because the channel characteristics of a code division multiple access wireless system are difficult to model, we develop type-based receivers that operate in a data-driven fashion based on universal classification theory. On the downlink, we focus on the type-based single-user receiver that is capable of multiple access interference suppression with a reasonable amount of training data. We extend universal classification theory to interleaved stationary Markov sources, and propose the type-based multi-user receiver for the uplink. The error probability of type-based receivers decay exponentially asymptotically regardless of the nature of the channel noise.
Low temperature aluminum nitride deposition on aluminum by rf reactive sputtering (2001)

Thin film bulk acoustic resonators formed by sputter deposition of piezoelectric films of aluminum nitride on silicon substrates offer an attractive approach to monolithic integration of high Q passive circuit elements with active devices. Such resonators could provide low cost, high performance filters for the steadily growing number of consumer wireless communication devices. Fabrication of these resonators requires a well-characterized low temperature deposition process for aluminum nitride. This material has been studied for use in sensors and actuators, as well as acoustic wave devices. Radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering produces high quality films, and provides reasonable deposition rates for fabricating high frequency resonators. This work describes aluminum nitride films deposited by radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering with power varied from 2 to 6 W/cm2, pressure from 0.5 to 1.5 Pa, and N2 flow from 50% to 100% of the total flow. Measured results include x-ray diffraction spectra and measurements of piezoelectric coefficients. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate highly (002) c-axis oriented films. Piezoelectric coefficients e31 were measured by depositing aluminum nitride capacitors on silicon beams and measuring charge generation as each beam was deflected a known distance. Film quality was found to depend strongly on deposition power, with a smaller dependence on pressure and gas mixture. Deposition at higher pressures is preferred for resonator fabrication due to reduction in stress when compared with low pressure deposition.
The Effect of Oral Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub>on the Exercise Tolerance of Middle-Aged, Untrained Men (1995)

In order to determine the effect of oral Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) dosing on exercise capacity, 15 middle-aged men (44.7 +/- 2.0 years) received either CoQ10 (150 mg/day x 2 months-Q10 GRP) or placebo (2 months-CON GRP). Blood CoQ10 levels increased (p < 0.05) during the treatment in the Q10 GRP (Pre = 0.72 +/- 0.06, 2 months = 1.08 +/- 0.14 micrograms/ml) and were unchanged in the CON GRP (Pre = 0.91 +/- 0.05, 2 month = 0.69 +/- 0.05 microgram/ml). Similarly, the subjective perception of vigor (visual analog scale 1-10 where, 10 = very energetic, and 0 = very, very unenergetic) increased (p < 0.05) in the Q10 GRP (Pre = 5.73 +/- 0.35, 2 month = 6.64 +/- 0.45). However, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max Pre = 2.97 +/- 0.18, 2 month = 3.05 +/- 0.15 l/min) and lactate threshold (LT Pre = 2.04 +/- 0.12, 2 month = 2.08 +/- 0.12 l/min), as measured on the cycle ergometer, were unchanged as a result of the CoQ10 treatment, Neither forearm oxygen uptake, nor forearm blood flow was found to be affected by the CoQ10. Although lactate release during hand-grip testing tended to decrease in the Q10 GRP (Pre = 227 +/- 49, 2 month = 168.3 +/- 40 mumole/min) this was not significant (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that short-term (2 months) oral dosing with CoQ10 increases circulating blood levels of CoQ10 and the subjective perceived level of vigor in middle-aged men. However, short-term dosing does not improve aerobic capacity or firearm exercise metabolism as measured in this investigation.
A study of the physical properties of mid-range loudspeaker horns and their relationship to perceived sound quality (1992)

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX176104 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply Centre
Effects of Adjuvants on the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Avian Influenza H5N1 Vaccine in Adults (2008)

ClincalTrials.gov identifier: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00280033?term= NCT00280033&rank=1 NCT00280033 .