gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Harvesting Entropy for Random Number Generation for Internet of Things Constrained Devices Using On-Board Sensors (2015)

Entropy in computer security is associated with the unpredictability of a source of randomness. The random source with high entropy tends to achieve a uniform distribution of random values. Random number generators are one of the most important building blocks of cryptosystems. In constrained devices of the Internet of Things ecosystem, high entropy random number generators are hard to achieve due to hardware limitations. For the purpose of the random number generation in constrained devices, this work proposes a solution based on the least-significant bits concatenation entropy harvesting method. As a potential source of entropy, on-board integrated sensors (i.e., temperature, humidity and two different light sensors) have been analyzed. Additionally, the costs (i.e., time and memory consumption) of the presented approach have been measured. The results obtained from the proposed method with statistical fine tuning achieved a Shannon entropy of around 7.9 bits per byte of data for temperature and humidity sensors. The results showed that sensor-based random number generators are a valuable source of entropy with very small RAM and Flash memory requirements for constrained devices of the Internet of Things.
Generating Third Harmonic Vacuum Ultraviolet Light with a TiO<sub>2</sub> Metasurface (2019)

Dielectric metasurfaces have recently been shown to provide an excellent platform for the harmonic generation of light due to their low optical absorption and to the strong electromagnetic field enhancement that can be designed into their constituent meta-atoms. Here, we demonstrate vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) third harmonic generation from a specially designed dielectric metasurface consisting of a titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanostructure array. The metasurface was designed to enhance the generation of VUV light at a wavelength of 185 nm by tailoring its geometric design parameters to achieve an optical resonance at the fundamental laser wavelength of 555 nm. The metasurface exhibits an enhancement factor of nominally 180 compared to an unpatterned TiO<sub>2</sub> thin film of the same thickness, evidence of strong field enhancement at the fundamental wavelength. Mode analysis reveals that the origin of the enhancement is an anapole resonance near the pump wavelength. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for the compact generation of VUV light that could enable expanded access to this useful region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The Third Antinomy (1990)

The Third Antinomy is not only the locus of the major discussion of the problem of freedom in the Critique of Pure Reason, it is also the basis for Kant's subsequent treatments of the topic in his writings on moral philosophy. His central claim is that it is only because the resolution of this antinomy leaves a conceptual space for an incompatibilist conception of freedom that it is possible to give the claims of practical reason a hearing. The antinomy itself, however, is ostensibly concerned with a conflict between cosmological ideas (ideas of totality), which seems to have nothing directly to do with what is generally regarded as the “free will problem.” Consequently, it is not surprising that many commentators tend to gloss over the cosmological dimension of Kant's account, either ignoring it completely or dismissing it as one more example of Kant being deflected from his proper philosophical course by architectonic considerations.
Osmosis as Mechanism for Low-Salinity Enhanced Oil Recovery (2016)

Summary We believe that osmosis has been overlooked as a possible mechanism for observed low-salinity enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) effects. Osmosis can occur in an oil/water/rock system when injecting low-salinity water, because the system is full of an excellent semipermeable membrane—the oil itself. In the present work, water transport through oil films was visualized both in 2D micromodels and in sandstone cores imaged in a microcomputed tomography (CT). After treating these model systems with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) to render them more oil-wet, water became discontinuous, and it was possible to establish osmotic gradients. Either expansion or contraction of the connate water was observed, depending on the direction of the imposed salinity gradient. Because osmosis could be the underlying mechanism for low-salinity EOR, two changes in research strategy are proposed: Most importantly, the use of spontaneous-imbibition tests as evidence for wettability alteration in low-salinity water should be critically reinvestigated. This is because observed production could have stemmed from “osmotic expansion” of the connate water rather than wettability change. Second, much research focus should be shifted from sandstone reservoirs to fractured oil-wet carbonates. Osmosis potentially yields larger responses for the latter reservoir type, whereas from a mechanistic perspective the reason behind low-salinity EOR functioning in both sandstones and carbonates deserves further attention.
Thermal Behavior of Transparent Film Heaters Made of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

We investigate thermal behavior of transparent film heaters (TFH) made of single-walled carbon nanotubes. We fabricate the TFH by using the spray coating method. We studied the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of the TFH in terms of Joule and external heating in various gas environments. Test results show that the effect of the electrical current through the TFH on the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance is not important and that the humidity and the degree of vacuum significantly affect the shape of the resistance−temperature curve. We discuss the physical meanings underlying the experimental results and how to make use of these findings. This study improves the understanding of the heating effect on electrical conductance of the TFH made of single-walled carbon nanotubes which could be a good candidate for the heater in many applications requiring both transparency and heating function.
The Book of Overclocking: Tweak Your PC to Unleash Its Power (2003)

From the Publisher:
THE BOOK OF OVERCLOCKING is the definitive guide to the art of running a PC's processor faster than the manufacturer intended. This book explains the entire overclocking process, for PC enthusiasts who don't mind voiding the manufacturer's warranty. Readers learn how not to fry their systems while pushing the speed on everything from the Pentium II to the latest Athlon XP and Pentium 4 processors. Entire sections on cooling, troubleshooting, and benchmarking make sure readers will get the most out of their machines.
Quantification of the cryoablation zone demarcated by pre- and postprocedural electroanatomic mapping in patients with atrial fibrillation using the 28-mm second-generation cryoballoon (2014)

The area of the posterior LA wall ablation with the cryoballoon catheter is wide and antral, and the resulting posterior LA wall debulking could be a part of the cryoballoon efficacy beyond discrete PV isolation.
Bearing Friction Torque in Bolted Joints (2004)

Formulas are developed for calculation of the effective radius of the bearing friction forces on the rotating contact surface in threaded fasteners. These formulas provide a more accurate estimation of the underhead bearing friction torque component in threaded fastener applications. This enhances the reliability, safety, and quality of bolted assemblies, especially in critical applications. It is well known that the torque-tension correlation in threaded fasteners, and the resulting joint clamping force, is highly sensitive to friction torque components: under the turning head and between threads. This analysis focuses on the bearing friction torque component under the turning head of a threaded fastener. Furthermore, it analyzes the error contained in the current practice when an approximate value, equal to the mean contact surface radius, is used instead of the actual bearing radius. New formulas for the bearing friction radius are developed for a mathematical model of a bolted joint using four different scenarios of the contact pressure distribution under the rotating fastener head or nut. The effect of the radially varying sliding speed over the rotating contact surface is analyzed and compared with a constant-friction-coefficient scenario. Numerical results and error analysis are presented in terms of a single nondimensional variable, namely, the radii ratio between the outside and the inside bearing area.
Oral mesalazine for the treatment of Crohn's disease: clinical efficacy with respect to pharmacokinetic properties. (2000)

The release of 5-ASA from various preparations depends on the presence of bacterial azoreductases (sulphasalazine, olsalazine, balsalazide) or the pharmacokinetic properties of the mesalazine-containing pharmaceutical preparations. The differences of the 5-ASA release from the various preparations account for the different anatomic sites of actions. In this regard, a close relationship between the regional intraluminal concentrations of 5-ASA and the clinical response can be assumed. The aim of the present paper is to survey clinical trials in Crohn's disease with special respect to the pharmacokinetic properties of the used mesalazine containing preparations. There are clear differences between the different coated 5-ASA formulas in respect to 5-ASA release and in respect to their pharmacokinetic properties leading to a different therapeutic efficacy in Crohn's disease. The detailed analysis indicates that higher doses of 5-ASA (> 3 g/d) are required for the acute phase treatment. 4.5 g Eudragit-L-coated 5-ASA tablets are almost equally as potent as glucocorticosteroids for the treatment of active Crohn's disease. Clinical efficacy has been demonstrated for Eudragit-L-coated tablets even at a low dose of 1-1.5 g 5-ASA/day in the maintenance treatment of remission of Crohn's disease. This has also been shown for Eudragit-S-coated tablets at a dose of 2.4 g 5-ASA/day, while even 3 g 5-ASA of an Eudragit-L/S formula as well as the ethylcellulose-coated formulas up to 4 g 5-ASA/day were ineffective, except for a high risk group. On the basis of the published trials, there is clear evidence that post-operative prophylaxis with 5-ASA requires daily doses higher than 1.5 g. Ethylcellulose-coated 5-ASA has only been effective in Crohn's disease limited to the small bowel and should not be given to patients with ileo-colonic or colonic disease. Moreover, Eudragit-L-coated 5-ASA preparations have shown to be effective in both ileal and colonic disease concerning their clinical efficacy in post-operative prophylaxis. In contrast, endoscopic efficacy has been demonstrated for ethylcellulose as well as Eudragit-S-coated formulas. Treatment of Crohn's disease with orally administered 5-ASA can generally be regarded as an effective and well-tolerated therapy. However, the distinct therapeutic goal (acute phase treatment, maintenance therapy or post-operative prophylaxis), the involved areas of the gut and the specific release of the drug administered have to be considered.
Review: Zinc's functional significance in the vertebrate retina. (2014)

This review covers a broad range of topics related to the actions of zinc on the cells of the vertebrate retina. Much of this review relies on studies in which zinc was applied exogenously, and therefore the results, albeit highly suggestive, lack physiologic significance. This view stems from the fact that the concentrations of zinc used in these studies may not be encountered under the normal circumstances of life. This caveat is due to the lack of a zinc-specific probe with which to measure the concentrations of Zn(2+) that may be released from neurons or act upon them. However, a great deal of relevant information has been garnered from studies in which Zn(2+) was chelated, and the effects of its removal compared with findings obtained in its presence. For a more complete discussion of the consequences of depletion or excess in the body's trace elements, the reader is referred to a recent review by Ugarte et al. in which they provide a detailed account of the interactions, toxicity, and metabolic activity of the essential trace elements iron, zinc, and copper in retinal physiology and disease. In addition, Smart et al. have published a splendid review on the modulation by zinc of inhibitory and excitatory amino acid receptor ion channels.
Investment climate and firm`s economic performance:: econometric methodology and application to Turkey's investment climate survey (2008)

Government policies and behavior exert a strong influence on the investment climate through their impact on costs, risks and barriers to competition. Key factors affecting the investment climate through their impact on costs are: corruption, taxes, the regulatory burden and extent of red tape in general, factor markets (labor, intermediate materials and capital), the quality of infrastructure, technological and innovation support, and the availability and cost of finance. While the investment climate surveys are quite useful in identifying major issues and bottlenecks as perceived by firms, the data collected is also meant to provide the basic information for an econometric assessment of the impact or contribution of the investment climate (IC) variables on productivity. We believe that improving the investment climate (IC) is a key policy instrument to promote economic growth and to mitigate the institutional, legal, economic and social factors that are constraining the convergence of per capita income and labor productivity of Turkey relative to more developed countries. For that, we need to identify the main investment climate variables that affect economic performance measures like total factor productivity, employment, wages, exports and foreign direct investment and this is the main goal of this paper. In turn, that quantified impact is used in the advocacy for, and design of, investment-climate reforms
Collaborative Systems (AAAI-94 Presidential Address) (1996)

The construction of computer systems that are intelligent, collaborative problem-solving partners is an important goal for both the science of AI and its application. From the scientific perspective, the development of theories and mechanisms to enable building collaborative systems presents exciting research challenges across AI subfields. From the applications perspective, the capability to collaborate with users and other systems is essential if large-scale information systems of the future are to assist users in finding the information they need and solving the problems they have. In this address, it is argued that collaboration must be designed into systems from the start; it cannot be patched on. Key features of collaborative activity are described, the scientific base provided by recent AI research is discussed, and several of the research challenges posed by collaboration are presented. It is further argued that research on, and the development of, collaborative systems should itself be a collaborative endeavor -- within AI, across subfields of computer science, and with researchers in other fields.
Smartphone based precise monitoring method for farm operation (2016)

Although Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) terminal has been widely used for fleet management, it cannot satisfy the need of managing changes of laborer and implement during farm operation, which are important for social service cooperatives comparing to family farms in China. The objective of this study was to explore a precise, low cost and easy-to-use method for vehicle fleet management of large scale farm machinery cooperatives. A smartphone based application software (APP) named Precise Monitoring System (PMS) was developed to record the farm operation information including tractor, implement and laborer by scanning their Quick Response codes (QR codes), and obtain real time GNSS positions by using built-in GNSS chip of smartphone. Considering the convenience usage for farmers, only two buttons, “start/pause/continue” and “stop” were designed to record farm operation status. Finally, IDs, positions and operation status were combined and transferred to the server through GPRS/3G/4G. Two kinds of experiments were designed and conducted to verify the PMS. The results showed that PMS can realize the basic functions such as precise and real-time monitoring, operation quality tracing, operation mileage and operation area calculating, and U-turn processing. The method and APP could record complex combination of production factors precisely and accurately, which is suitable for the management of vehicle fleet, and can replace GNSS terminal to some extent.
Keywords: smartphone, agricultural machinery, farm operation, monitor, method, system
DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20160903.2154

Citation: Wu C C, Zhou L, Wang J, Cai Y P. Smartphone based precise monitoring method for farm operation. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(3): 111－121.
First-pass entry of nonionic contrast agent into the myocardial extravascular space. Effects on radiographic estimates of transit time and blood volume. (1991)

Soluble radiographic contrast agents, like other small molecules, enter the interstitial space to a degree, which is important because it affects estimates of myocardial perfusion based on transit time and intramyocardial blood volume. Indicator dilution models intended to quantify myocardial perfusion with conventional radiographic contrast agents need to account for this extravascular exchange.
A browsing system for a database using visualization of user preferences (2002)

This paper describes a browsing system for a database using visualization of user preferences. The system has the following features: the use of 3D thumbnail objects to represent their contents and properties; the use of some property views and multidimensional scaling (MDS) to lay out the objects in information space; and the use of an update mechanism to perform the adaptive visualization to changes in user preferences. In this environment, the user becomes aware that there are information sets which the user seems to be interested in, from objects in the information space, and stroll there.
Thiyl Radical Generation in Thiol or Disulfide Containing Photosensitive Systems (2009)

Abstract The generation of thiyl radicals in various multicomponent photosensitive systems based on a ketone, a coumarin or a ketocoumarin and containing a thiol or a disulfide and eventually chloro bis‐imidazole has been studied through laser flash photolysis. A set of more than 70 new interaction rate constants is provided. The measurements of the quantum yields in sulfur radicals and the rate constants of the different processes in many combinations as well as the molecular orbital calculations allow to discuss the driving factors of the involved reactions. This approach should shed some light on the possible explanations of the high performance of some of these combinations when used as photoinitiating systems for radical photopolymerization reactions. magnified image
Three-dimensional instabilities and transition of steady and pulsatile axisymmetric stenotic flows (2005)

A straight tube with a smooth axisymmetric constriction is an idealized representation of a stenosed artery. We examine the three-dimensional instabilities and transition to turbulence of steady flow, steady flow plus an oscillatory component, and an idealized vascular pulsatile flow in a tube with a smooth 75 % stenosis using both linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulation. Steady flow undergoes a weak Coanda-type wall attachment and turbulent transition through a subcritical bifurcation, leading to hysteretic behaviour with respect to changes in Reynolds number. The pulsatile flows become unstable through a subcritical period-doubling bifurcation involving alternating tilting of the vortex rings that are ejected from the throat with each pulse. These tilted vortex rings rapidly break down through a self-induction mechanism within the confines of the tube. While the linear instability modes for pulsatile flow have maximum energy well downstream of the stenosis, we have established using direct numerical simulation that breakdown can gradually propagate upstream until it occurs within a few tube diameters of the constriction, in agreement with previous experimental observations. At the Reynolds numbers employed in the present study, transition is localized, with relaminarization occurring further downstream. A non-exhaustive investigation has also been undertaken into the receptivity of the axisymmetric shear layer in the idealized physiological pulsatile flow, with the results suggesting it has localized convective instability over part of the pulse cycle.
HW/SW partitioning of an embedded instruction memory decompressor (2001)

We introduce a new PLA-based decoder architecture for random-access run-time decompression of compressed instruction memory in embedded systems. The compression method employs class-based coding. We show that this new decoder architecture can be extended to provide high throughput decompression. The design of the decompressor is based on the following HW/SW tradeoff: decoding is done in hardware to provide high throughput, yet the codebook used for decompression is fully programmable.
Identification of lysyl oxidase and other platelet-derived growth factor-inducible genes in vascular smooth muscle cells by differential screening. (1995)

The induction of LO mRNA and its secretion by VSMC is an early event accompanying growth factor stimulation and may contribute to organization of the extracellular matrix.
USE OF INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN TO DELAY XENOGENEIC HYPERACUTE REJECTION AN IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EVALUATION (1995)

The delaying action of intravenous immunoglobulin (WIG) from human origin on hyperacute xenogeneic rejection was assessed in the guinea pig-to-rat combination. IVIG (1500 mg/kg) injected i.v. into Lewis rats 1 hr before grafting significantly prolonged the mean guinea pig heart survival time (167 min, P<0.005) compared with control injections using NaCl (12 min) or the IVIG glycine vehicle (11 min). The effect of IVIG was also assessed in vitro in the pig-to-human combination. A dose-dependent inhibition of the complement-mediated direct cytotoxicity of human serum on pig RBC was shown using IVIG. The weak direct cytotoxicity of IVIG to pig RBC, which was abolished after preincubating IVIG with pig RBC, was attributed to the anti-pig xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNA) contained in the IVIG preparation. In vitro, XNA-de-pleted IVIG exerted a significantly stronger inhibitory effect than non-XNA-depleted IVIG, suggesting the use XNA-depleted IVIG in the pig-to-human combination. Although the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of IVIG remains to be clarified, IVIG may represent a new and simple therapeutic modality against xenogeneic hyperacute rejection.
Novel estimation method of EVM with channel correction for linear impairments in multi-standard RF transceivers (2013)

Since recent wireless communication devices support multiple communication standards on a single chip, Error Vector Magnitudes (EVMs) for multiple standards are measured to evaluate the devices. The EVM is defined by the particular calculation methods of the communication standards, especially channel correction methods. Therefore the EVM value is different between standards, even if the modulation methods are identical. This paper describes an EVM evaluation method for multi-standard devices, performing channel correction particular to each standard. The EVM for the various standards can be calculated by a unique algorithm, which uses the values of the frequency-dependent I/Q imbalances and the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) calculated from a single measurement data. The validity of this technique is confirmed using an actual WiMAX transceiver on an ATE.