gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholinesterase Studies with<i>(R)</i>(+)- And<i>(S)(</i>-)-5-(L,3,3-Trimethylindolinyl)-Al(L- Phenylethyl) Carbamate (1993)

A limited number of carbamates have been found useful for treatment of cholinergic symptoms with pyridostigmine and physostigmine being the main focus. In recent years 5-(1,3,3-trimethylindolinyl)N,N-dimethylcarbamate (I) has received considerable attention in the Chinese literature for a similar role. We report on the first synthesis of stereoisomers of an analog of (I). The isomers prepared were (R)(+)-5-(1,3,3-trimethylindolinyl)-N-(1-phenylethyl)carbamate (II) and (S)(-)-5-(1,3,3-trimethylindolinyl)-N-(1-phenylethyl)carbamate (III). The pKa value for each isomer was 6.8. Eel acetylcholinesterase inhibition studies were carried out at 25.0 degrees C over the pH range of 6.0 to 9.0. They reflect the first pH profiles using enantiomorphs of a cholinesterase inhibitor. The inhibition potencies for (II) and (III) over the range examined were similar. At pH 7.60 the ki for II = 7.38 x 10(3) M-1 min-1 (SD = 398) and for (III) the ki = 6.67 x 10(3) M-1 min-1 (SD = 355). In accord with the findings of Wilson and Bergmann20 on physostigmine our results indicate that the protonated form of (II) and (III) is the more potent inhibitor.
The prognostic value of thought disorder in psychotic depression. (2000)

Thirty-eight patients with psychotic depression were compared to 40 patients with severe, nonpsychotic depression. Psychiatric variables, along with demographic data, were used to predict relapse over a 7-year period in a multiple regression model. Initial formal thought disorder was a strong predictor of relapse during the follow-up (F = 43, p < .001). The predictive value of this symptom in psychotic depression was not enhanced by the addition of other symptomatic or demographic variables. It appears that individuals with psychotic depression who experienced formal thought disorder are much more likely to have a relapse within a 7-year period than other people with depression.
MODEL REDUCTION FOR LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS WITH HIGH-DIMENSIONAL PARAMETRIC INPUT SPACE (2008)

A model-constrained adaptive sampling methodology is proposed for the reduction of large-scale systems with high-dimensional parametric input spaces. Our model reduction method uses a reduced basis approach, which requires the computation of high-fidelity solutions at a number of sample points throughout the parametric input space. A key challenge that must be addressed in the optimization, control, and probabilistic settings is the need for the reduced models to capture variation over this parametric input space, which, for many applications, will be of high dimension. We pose the task of determining appropriate sample points as a PDE-constrained optimization problem, which is implemented using an efficient adaptive algorithm that scales well to systems with a large number of parameters. The methodology is demonstrated using examples with parametric input spaces of dimension 11 and 21, which describe thermal analysis and design of a heat conduction fin, and compared with statistically based sampling methods. For these examples, the model-constrained adaptive sampling leads to reduced models that, for a given basis size, have error several orders of magnitude smaller than that obtained using the other methods.
Direct Power Control of a Three-Phase Inverter for Grid Input Current Shaping of a Single-Phase Diode Rectifier With a Small DC-Link Capacitor (2014)

This paper describes motor drive system fed by a single-phase diode rectifier without power factor correction (PFC) circuit or the input filter. The system considered in this paper consists of a single-phase diode rectifier, a three-phase inverter, and a small dc-link capacitor. Since dc-link capacitance of the proposed system is few microfarads, the shape of the grid input current is directly affected by electrical output power of the inverter. Using this aspect, two goals of the drive system, controlling torque of the motor and suppressing the grid input current harmonics, can be simultaneously achieved by controlling the output power of the inverter. The proposed method includes the motor current reference generation and the direct output power regulation by modifying the output voltage reference. With the proposed method, the harmonic components of the grid input current can be reduced under the limits of the regulation IEC61000-3-2, lower than those in the conventional method. Also, the cost and size of the inverter system can be significantly reduced by removing electrolytic dc-link capacitor and input filter from the system. The performance of the proposed shaping method was validated by the experimental results using the motor drive system with a 5μF film capacitor at dc link.
TEM Observation of Interfaces between Particles in Al-Mg Alloy Powder Compacts Prepared by Pulse Electric Current Sintering (2002)

Aluminum–Magnesium (Al–Mg) alloys powders with various amounts of Mg addition were sintered using the pulse electric current sintering (PECS) process. The behavior of Mg in the surface oxide film and the effect of Mg amounts on characters of the interfaces between Al–Mg alloys powder particles were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that there were interfaces of direct metal/metal bonding and metal/oxide layer/metal bonding for all Al–Mg alloys powders compacts. In pure Al powder compacts, the oxide layer in the interface was amorphous alumina. And precipitates were observed in the bonding interface for the alloys powders compacts with Mg addition. The amounts of the precipitates increased, and the compositions of the precipitates changed with an increase in Mg amount in the alloys powders: MgAl2O4 for Al–0.3Mg, MgAl2O4+MgO for Al–1.0Mg, and MgO for Al–2.5, 10Mg alloys powders compacts.
Oxcarbazepine in monotherapy. (1990)

Altogether 235 patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy were randomly allocated to treatment with either oxcarbazepine (OXC) or carbamazepine (CBZ) in a double-blind multicentre trial. After a titration phase of 4-8 weeks the optimum individual dose of trial medication was determined and treatment with this dose was continued for another 48 weeks.The results of the study indicate that there is no significant difference in seizure frequency between OXC and CBZ; no correlation was found between the therapeutic effect and EEG in either treatment group. OXC caused significantly (p = 0.04) fewer "severe" side-effects than CBZ. Global evaluation of tolerability showed a trend towards better tolerability of OXC. There way no correlation between either efficacy or tolerability and serum trough levels of the investigational drugs. Clinically relevant abnormal laboratory test findings were observed in two patients, both on CBZ.In conclusion, OXC is a major anti-epileptic drug, which is as effective as CBZ in the treatment of partial seizures and generalized convulsions. With fewer side-effects than CBZ, it represents a valuable alternative particularly in patients who develop side-effects which prevent optimum seizure control.
Monitoring Potential Defects in an IGBT Module Based on Dynamic Changes of the Gate Current (2012)

Potential defects inside an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module can be seen as precursors of being about to wear out, and are important for health monitoring of the IGBT module which is used to enhance reliability. A method for detecting defects in the IGBT module by identifying dynamic changes of the gate current is presented in this paper. It is based on the fact that parasitic elements inside the IGBT module are affected by local damage induced by aging over time, and subsequently, these influences are easily distinguished by dynamic changes of the gate current. The proposed prognostic approach is based on relevance vector machine framework, which can give accurate predictions and allow operators to observe unhealthy IGBT modules inside a power converter, and then take appropriate measures timely to avoid breakdown. The parasitic elements involved in the gate circuit are extracted, and their contributions to dynamic changes of the gate current are also discussed. Finally, a confirmatory experiment is carried out, and the correctness of the proposed method is verified.
The next level (2001)

Peter Bundred is a doctor who believes nurses are ahead of the game when it comes to planning the future workforce. He spoke to Steven Black
Design of power-transmitting shifts (1984)

Power transmission shafting which is a vital element of all rotating machinery is discussed. Design methods, based on strength considerations for sizing shafts and axles to withstand both steady and fluctuating loads are summarized. The effects of combined bending, torsional, and axial loads are considered along with many application factors that are known to influence the fatigue strength of shafting materials. Methods are presented to account for variable amplitude loading histories and their influence on limited life designs. The influences of shaft rigidity, materials, and vibration on the design are discussed.
Why scepticism about self-knowledge is self-undermining (2005)

Journal Article Why scepticism about self-knowledge is self-undermining Get access Gary Ebbs Gary Ebbs University of IllinoisUrbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61820, USAgaryebbs@uiuc.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 65, Issue 3, July 2005, Pages 237–244, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/65.3.237 Published: 01 July 2005
Carbohydrate restriction, prostate cancer growth, and the insulin‐like growth factor axis (2007)

In this xenograft model, despite consuming more calories, NCKD-fed mice had significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival relative to Western mice and was associated with favorable changes in serum insulin and IGF axis hormones relative to low-fat or Western diet.
Why Urea Eliminates Ammonia Rather than Hydrolyzes in Aqueous Solution (2007)

A joint QM/MM and ab initio study on the decomposition of urea in the gas phase and in aqueous solution is reported. Numerous possible mechanisms of intramolecular decomposition and hydrolysis have been explored; intramolecular NH3 elimination assisted by a water molecule is found to have the lowest activation energy. The solvent effects were elucidated using the TIP4P explicit water model with free energy perturbation calculations in conjunction with QM/MM Monte Carlo simulations. The explicit representation of the solvent was found to be essential for detailed resolution of the mechanism, identification of the rate-determining step, and evaluation of the barrier. The assisting water molecule acts as a hydrogen shuttle for the first step of the elimination reaction. The forming zwitterionic intermediate, H3NCONH, participates in 8-9 hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Its decomposition is found to be the rate-limiting step, and the overall free energy of activation for the decomposition of urea in water is computed to be approximately 37 kcal/mol; the barrier for hydrolysis by an addition/elimination mechanism is found to be approximately 40 kcal/mol. The differences in the electronic structure of the transition states of the NH3 elimination and hydrolysis were examined via natural bond order analysis. Destruction of urea's resonance stabilization during hydrolysis via an addition/elimination mechanism and its preservation in the rearrangement to the H3NCONH intermediate were identified as important factors in determining the preferred reaction route.
A network security monitor (1990)

This study concentrates on the security-related issues in a single broadcast LAN (local area network) such as Ethernet. The authors formalize various possible network attacks. Their basic strategy is to develop profiles of usage of network resources and then compare current usage patterns with the historical profile to determine possible security violations. Thus, the work is similar to the host-based intrusion-detection systems. Different from such systems, however, is the use of a hierarchical model to refine the focus of the intrusion-detection mechanism. The authors also report on the development of an experimental LAN monitor currently under implementation. Several network attacks have been simulated, and results on how the monitor has been able to detect these attacks are analyzed. Initial results demonstrate that many network attacks are detectable with the authors' monitor, although it can be defeated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
System Dynamics Modelling: A Practical Approach. (1997)

Introduction to System Dynamics Influence Diagrams Influence Diagram Case Studies Introduction to Simulation System Dynamics Modelling Techniques Case Studies in Modelling Policy Experiments With System Dynamics Models Optimization in System Dynamics Optimization in Practice Advanced Modelling The Applications of System Dynamics Summary and Conclusion Appendix A: System Dynamics Software Packages Appendix B: System Dynamics Problems and Solutions Appendix C: COSMIC Supporting Documentation and Software Appendix D: Using the Disk
Fluorescence study of the ligand stereospecificity for binding to lumazine protein (1992)

6,7-Dimethyllumazine derivatives, substituted at the 8-position with aldityls or monohydroxyalkyl groups, have been examined for their binding ability to lumazine apo-protein from two strains of Photobacterium phosphoreum using fluorescence dynamics techniques. On the protein the lumazine has a nearly monoexponential decay of fluorescence with lifetime 13.8 ns (20 degrees C). In free solution the lifetime is 9.6 ns. The concentration of free and bound lumazine in an equilibrium mixture can be recovered readily by analysis of the fluorescence decay. Only the aldityl derivatives D-xylityl and 3'-deoxy-D-ribityl, having stereoconfigurations at the 2' and 4' positions identical to the natural ligand, 8-(1'-D-ribityl), show comparable dissociation constants (0.3 microM, 20 degrees C, pH 7.0). D-Erythrityl and L-arabityl have dissociation constants of 1-2 microM. All other ligands show no interaction at all or have dissociation constants in the range 6-80 microM, which can still be determined semi-quantitatively using the fluorescence decay technique. In the case of these very weakly bound ligands, unambiguous detection of bound ligand can be shown by a long correlation time (23 ns, 2 degrees C) for the fluorescence anisotropy decay. Examination of the bound D-xylityl compound's fluorescence anisotropy decay at high time resolution (< 100 ps) shows rigid association, i.e. no mobility independent of the macromolecule. All bound ligands appear to be similarly positioned in the binding site. The influence of the stereoconfiguration at the 8-position found for lumazine protein parallels that previously observed for the enzyme riboflavin synthase, where the lumazines are substrates or inhibitors. This is consistent with the finding of significant sequence similarity between these proteins. The binding rigidity may have implications for the mechanism of the enzyme.
Reflective liquid crystal terahertz phase shifter with tuning range of over 360° (2018)

This study presents the design and experiment of a terahertz reflective phase shifter based on liquid crystal. The proposed voltage‐tunable phase shifter takes advantage of the variable permittivity of the liquid crystal, adjusted by an external electric field, providing tunable reflective phase shift of terahertz (THz) waves. We analysed the performance of this phase shifter using a simple isotropic and homogeneous model considering the angle of incidence. The phase variation was achieved in a range greater than 360° and frequencies from 349 to 361 GHz. An array constituted of 900 patch elements was fabricated using the photolithographic process. It provided tunable phase range of 350° over the frequency range of 353.5–359.3 GHz at 40 V, where a maximum phase shift 362.6° was achieved at 357 GHz. The LC dielectric constant was obtained by fitting the computed reflectance spectrum to the measured result. We compared accurate model, considering both inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the liquid crystal, with the simplified model. In addition, the differences were analysed between the measurements, accurate and conventional model. The results show the liquid crystal phase shifter is great for beam scanning antenna array in THz.
Role of basement fabric and cover-rock lithology on the geometry and kinematics of twelve folds in the Rocky Mountain foreland (1993)

Detailed field studies of 12 small basement-cored folds in the Rocky Mountain foreland from southwestern Montana to northern New Mexico indicate that there was considerable variation in the degree of deformation of the basement rocks during Late Cretaceous and Paleocene folding. This variation may be characterized by two end-member styles of basement behavior (mode 1 and mode 2). In mode 1 folds basement deformation is confined to a narrow zone of cataclasis adjacent to a single fault, the cover rocks are significantly thinned on the forelimb of the fold and have a small carbonate to clastic rock ratio (<0.2) in...
ABD-Net: Attentive but Diverse Person Re-Identification (2019)

Attention mechanism has been shown to be effective for person re-identification (Re-ID). However, the learned attentive feature embeddings which are often not naturally diverse nor uncorrelated, will compromise the retrieval performance based on the Euclidean distance. We advocate that enforcing diversity could greatly complement the power of attention. To this end, we propose an Attentive but Diverse Network (ABD-Net), which seamlessly integrates attention modules and diversity regularization throughout the entire network, to learn features that are representative, robust, and more discriminative. Specifically, we introduce a pair of complementary attention modules, focusing on channel aggregation and position awareness, respectively. Furthermore, a new efficient form of orthogonality constraint is derived to enforce orthogonality on both hidden activations and weights. Through careful ablation studies, we verify that the proposed attentive and diverse terms each contributes to the performance gains of ABD-Net. On three popular benchmarks, ABD-Net consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods.
THE ADDITION OF HYDROGEN FLUORIDE TO THE DOUBLE BOND<sup>*</sup> (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ADDITION OF HYDROGEN FLUORIDE TO THE DOUBLE BOND*ARISTID V. GROSSE and CARL B. LINNCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1938, 03, 1, 26–32Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1938https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01218a004Request reuse permissionsArticle Views327Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (401 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nuclear Factor κB–dependent Gene Expression Profiling of Hodgkin's Disease Tumor Cells, Pathogenetic Significance, and Link to Constitutive Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5a Activity (2002)

Constitutive nuclear nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity is observed in a variety of hematopoietic and solid tumors. Given the distinctive role of constitutive NF-kappaB for Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cell viability, we performed molecular profiling in two Hodgkin's disease (HD) cell lines to identify NF-kappaB target genes. We recognized 45 genes whose expression in both cell lines was regulated by NF-kappaB. The NF-kappaB-dependent gene profile comprises chemokines, cytokines, receptors, apoptotic regulators, intracellular signaling molecules, and transcription factors, the majority of which maintain a marker-like expression in HRS cells. Remarkably, we found 17 novel NF-kappaB target genes. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation we demonstrate that NF-kappaB is recruited directly to the promoters of several target genes, including signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5a, interleukin-13, and CC chemokine receptor 7. Intriguingly, NF-kappaB positively regulates STAT5a expression and signaling pathways in HRS cells, and promotes its persistent activation. In fact, STAT5a overexpression was found in most tumor cells of tested patients with classical HD, indicating a critical role for HD. The gene profile underscores a central role of NF-kappaB in the pathogenesis of HD and potentially of other tumors with constitutive NF-kappaB activation.
Sigma factors, asymmetry, and the determination of cell fate in Bacillus subtilis. (1994)

Soon after the initiation of sporulation, Bacillus subtilis divides asymmetrically to produce sister cells that have very different developmental fates. Recently, it has been proposed that the differential gene expression which begins soon after this division is due to cell-specific activation of the transcription factors sigma F and sigma E in the prespore and the mother cell, respectively. We describe the use of a method for the localization of gene expression in individual sporulating cells that lends strong support to the cell-specific localization of sigma F and sigma E activities. The dependence of sigma E activity on integrity of the gene encoding sigma F has led to the suggestion that activation of sigma F in the prespore leads to a directional signal that triggers activation of sigma E only in the mother cell. Here we show that sigma E actually specifies the fate of the mother cell; in the absence of sigma E, two prespore-like cells are made. The appearance of sigma F activity at both poles of a sigma E-deficient mutant supports the idea that sigma F normally remains latent in the mother cell and that its activation depends on some morphological or physiological feature of the prespore. We present a model for the generation of asymmetry and the establishment of cell fate in B. subtilis.
Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Restoration from Biological Apatite (2006)

Trends in Biomaterials and Artificial Organs
Fault tolerant control system for linear combustion engine (2008)

This paper presents a fault tolerant control system for a linear combustion engine (LCE). A three-level control system has been proposed and developed for the LCE control. The system consists of four control sub-systems that are spread out into particular levels as a function of their sample time. The low level of the LCE control system is represented by movement control. It determines requested contribution of the force supplied by the linear motor-generator to achieve the requested compression ratio for a given fuel quantity and spark position. The middle level consists of fuel and spark position control. The spark position control minimizes differences between desired and achieved compression ratio for each stroke of the engine cycle. The fuel control then follows spark advance demand by the setting of appropriate fuel rate. Finally, the top level is represented by a throttle control. The throttle control handles amount of inducted air into the cylinders to achieve the requested air/fuel ratio. The proposed control system is able to govern the LCE in all its feasible operating range and is capable to explore its benefits.