gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro</i> anticancer activity of twelve Chinese medicinal herbs (2005)

Aqueous extracts of 12 Chinese medicinal herbs, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Artemisia argyi, Commiphora myrrha, Duchesnea indica, Gleditsia sinensis, Ligustrum lucidum, Rheum palmatum, Rubia cordifolia, Salvia chinensis, Scutellaria barbata, Uncaria rhychophylla and Vaccaria segetalis were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on eight cancer cell lines as well as on normal human mammary epithelial cells. Five human and three murine cancer cell lines representing different tissues (breast, lung, pancreas and prostate) were used. All the crude aqueous extracts demonstrated growth inhibitory activity on some or all of the cancer cell lines, but only two showed activity against the normal mammary epithelial cells. Overall, the murine cell lines tended to be more sensitive to most of the extracts compared with the human cell lines. Among the human cell lines, cell type specificity was observed for two extracts. These results indicate the potential use of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs as antineoplastic agents and suggest that further studies evaluating their mechanism(s) of action and the isolation of active antitumor compounds are warranted.
Interactive polyp biopsy based on automatic segmentation of virtual colonoscopy (2004)

We have developed a useful system to automatically segment colonic wall based on anatomical knowledge form a series of abdomen computer tomography volume dataset. It employs distance from boundary, potential field and volumetric rendering to identify the true polyps inside human colon. The proposed system also provides an interactive user interface for navigation with virtual rendering and is applied to the sub-volume of polyp candidates with 3-D shape, gray level and curvature. It can efficiently detect polyps with two-dimensional viewing images parallel to axial, sagittal and coronal in an interactive manner. With reconstruction of CT volume data, a virtual colonography system can be used to simulate the examination of fiber optical colonography. It can help the radiologists classify the polyps in clinical diagnosis.
Nylon-6 cylinders and a sponge-like derivative as supports for immobilizing trypsin. (1994)

1. Two types of nylon-6 supports (small cylinders and a sponge-like derivative) were prepared for immobilizing enzymes. Nylon-6 beads were solubilized by immersion in 80% formic acid and then reprecipitated using two different types of non-solvent solutions (distilled water or a 1:1 acetone:water solution) giving rise to a sponge-like derivative and to a colloidal suspension, respectively. The latter was molded into a thin thread which was cut into small cylinders. 2. Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) was covalently bound to glutaraldehyde-activated nylon-6 cylinders as well as to the sponge-like derivative. The maximum (100%) apparent initial enzymatic activity was found for the trypsin bound to small cylinders, while the initial activity of trypsin bound to the sponge-like material was 61% in comparison with that of trypsin-small cylinders, under the same conditions of enzyme immobilization reaction (1 g of nylon support and 5 ml of 1.3 mg/ml trypsin in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 8.5, at 10 degrees C for 18 h) and of enzymatic reaction (1 g of trypsin-nylon in a batch reactor, 2 ml of 0.7% w/v azocasein solution in 50 mM borate buffer, pH 8.5, at 37 degrees C, with shaking, for 1 h). However, the decrease of activity after enzyme immobilization was more conspicuous for the trypsin-small cylinders than for the trypsin-sponge. The former retained approximately 25% of its initial activity, while the latter retained approximately 67% of its initial activity, after seven cycles of utilization for 1 h, pH 8.5, at 37 degrees C and 8 days of storage, pH 8.5, at 4 degrees C in the presence of azocasein. 3. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to visualize the surface of the support after each step of the immobilization process. The electron micrographs show that the two types of nylon supports had a rough surface, which became rougher and full of craters after treatment with 5 N HCl. On the other hand, the partially hydrolyzed nylon surface acquired the appearance of Swiss cheese after treatment with 2.5% glutaraldehyde. After reaction with the enzyme molecules the surface became rougher again.
Various aspects of fluid vortices (2004)

A general review of the current research in vortex dynamics is presented, based on contributions given during a workshop held in May 2003 at Porquerolles, France. This article aims at providing a picture of the work performed on this subject in the French community. Various cases are covered, from 2D vortex patches to 3D vortex tubes; from isolated vortices to shear flows. Different contexts are considered: pure Euler and Navier–Stokes flows as well as stratified, rotating and magnetic flows.
Dissolution behavior of flufenamic acid dispersed in cross-linked insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone: Effect of water-soluble polymers added as the third component. (1982)

Dissolution profiles of flufenamic acid (FFA) dispersed in cross-linked insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, PVPP) were investigated by a dispersed amount method. The concentration of FFA rose very quickly and then decreased gradually, showing a typical supersaturation phenomenon. On the other hand, no supersaturation phenomenon was observed in the case of samples prepared with crystalline cellulose and potato starch as carriers in solid dispersions. In an attempt to stabilize the supersaturated state, the effects of the addition of water-soluble polymers to solid dispersions of FFA and PVPP were investigated. An adequate stabilization was obtained by the addition of methyl celluloses. Analysis of factors affecting the dissolution profiles of FFA and prediction of the dissolution behavior of FFA were carried out by a statistical technique. It was found that the penetration rate of water into sample powders, the amount of FFA adsorbed by PVPP, the cohesion tendency of sample powders the viscosity of the dissolution medium were important in the analysis of dissolution mechanisms and prediction of dissolution profiles of FFA from these systems.
Surgical treatment of active infective aortic valve endocarditis with associated periannular abscess—11 year results (2000)

Aortic allografts are an effective treatment for infective aortic valve endocarditis with associated periannular abscess. The operative mortality and recurrent infection rates are lower than in the prosthetic group, resulting in a significantly higher survival rate. Diagnosis and surgical management of these cases should be based on pre-operative transoesophageal echocardiography.
Enzymatic single-step preparation of multifunctional proteins (2010)

A small glutamine donor substrate was designed for single-step and site-specific protein multifunctionalization catalyzed by microbial transglutaminase.
Towards real-time community detection in large networks (2009)

The recent boom of large-scale online social networks (OSNs) both enables and necessitates the use of parallelizable and scalable computational techniques for their analysis. We examine the problem of real-time community detection and a recently proposed linear time- O(m) on a network with m edges-label propagation, or "epidemic" community detection algorithm. We identify characteristics and drawbacks of the algorithm and extend it by incorporating different heuristics to facilitate reliable and multifunctional real-time community detection. With limited computational resources, we employ the algorithm on OSN data with 1 x 10(6) nodes and about 58 x 10(6) directed edges. Experiments and benchmarks reveal that the extended algorithm is not only faster but its community detection accuracy compares favorably over popular modularity-gain optimization algorithms known to suffer from their resolution limits.
tunA: Shared Audio Experience (2004)

walkman, it is a peer-to-peer software application for mobile devices that as well as functioning as a normal MP3 player, allows users to locate nearby peers, view their profiles, send instant messages, and wirelessly share music. Rather than simply exchanging music libraries, the software streams audio from device to device in a tightly synchronised fashion, so that all parties hear the same audio, at the same time. This comb ination of discovery mechanism, profile and message swapping, and `shared audio experience&apos; provide a platform for people to encounter and engage with others of similar tastes and interests. A comprehensive logging mechanism completes the application, and extends it into a valuable tool for the study of social dynamics.
Synthesis of Hexagonal Yb<sup>3+</sup>,Er<sup>3+</sup>‐Doped NaYF<sub>4</sub> Nanocrystals at Low Temperature (2009)

Abstract Nanocrystals of NaYF 4 doped with Yb 3+ and Er 3+ are synthesized in oleylamine using Y 2 (CO 3 ) 3 , Yb 2 (CO 3 ) 3 , Er 2 (CO 3 ) 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , and NH 4 F as precursors. In contrast to other starting materials normally used for such syntheses, these precursors react even at room temperature to form hexagonal‐phase ( β ‐phase) NaYF 4 :Er,Yb nanoparticles. Cubic‐phase ( α ‐phase) NaYF 4 :Yb,Er particles are formed only at elevated temperatures (>250 °C). The formation of the cubic phase at high temperatures can be suppressed by replacing pure oleylamine with oleic acid/oleylamine mixtures. Under optimized reaction conditions, particles with an average particle size of about 7 nm are generated in 84% yield. Heat treatment (30 min, 280 °C) of the particles significantly increases the luminescence efficiency. A transparent solution of the heat‐treated, nanometer‐sized phosphor in toluene shows intense visible light emission upon excitation in the near infrared.
Data prefetching in multiprocessor vector cache memories (1991)

This paper reports the cache performance of a set of vectorized numerical program from the Perfect Club benchmarks. Using a low cost trace driven simularion technique we show how a non-prefetching vector cache can result in unpredictable performance and how rhis unpredictability makes it difficult to find a good block size. We describe two simple prefetch schemes to reduce the influence of long stride vector accesses and misses due IO block invalidations in mulliprocessor vector caches. These two schemes are shown to have better performance than a non-prefetching cache.
Design and test of an adaptive vibration absorber based on magnetorheological elastomers and a hybrid electromagnet (2012)

The focuses of this study are to design an adaptive-tuned vibration absorber based on a smart materials known as magnetorheological elastomers and to test its dynamic performance. A primary system replicating a miniature cryogenic cooler (i.e. mass and shape) was designed and fabricated in order to test the effectiveness of the vibration absorber. A hybrid magnetic system (electromagnet and permanent magnets) was also designed and fabricated in order to actuate the magnetorheological elastomers as an adaptive stiffness element in the vibration absorber. The vibration testing was conducted on both the primary system and vibration absorber individually in order to characterize the behavior and verify the design constraints. Further testing was performed on a 2-degrees-of-freedom system to measure and assess the feasibility of the magnetorheological elastomer material for use in an application requiring an adaptive vibration absorber. The results show that by using a hybrid design for the electromagnet within the vibration absorber, the stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer material can be increased and decreased above its nominal value, therefore demonstrating the feasibility of this design as an alternative adaptive vibration absorber.
New developments at Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt in three-dimensional atomic force microscopy with tapping and torsion atomic force microscopy mode and vector approach probing strategy (2012)

A new three-dimensional atomic force microscopy (3D-AFM) for true 3D measurements of nanostructures has been developed at Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), the national metrology institute of Germany. In its configuration, two piezo actuators are applied to drive the AFM cantilever near its vertical and torsional resonant frequencies. In such a way, the AFM tip can probe the surface with a vertical and/or a lateral oscillation, offering high 3D probing sensitivity. For enhancing measurement flexibility as well as reducing tip wear, a vector approach probing (VAP) method is applied. The sample is measured point by point using this method. At each probing point, the tip is approached toward the surface in its normal direction until the desired tip-sample interaction is detected and is then immediately withdrawn from the surface. Preliminary experimental results show promising performance of the PTB system. The measurement of an IVPS 100 sample using a flared AFM tip showed a repeatability of its 3D profiles better than 1 nm (p-v). A single crystal critical dimension reference material having features with almost vertical sidewalls was also measured using a flared AFM tip. These results show that the feature has average left and right sidewall angles of 89.5 and 89.4, respectively. However, the nonuniformity of the feature width within the measurement window of 1 μm may be up to 10 nm. The standard deviation of the average middle CD values from 10 repeated measurements is 0.1 nm. In addition, an investigation of long-term measurement stability was performed on a PTB photomask. The results changed at a rate of about 0.00033 nm per line, which confirms the high measurement stability and the very low tip wear of the system.
How To Backdoor Federated Learning (2018)

Federated learning enables thousands of participants to construct a deep learning model without sharing their private training data with each other. For example, multiple smartphones can jointly train a next-word predictor for keyboards without revealing what individual users type. We demonstrate that any participant in federated learning can introduce hidden backdoor functionality into the joint global model, e.g., to ensure that an image classifier assigns an attacker-chosen label to images with certain features, or that a word predictor completes certain sentences with an attacker-chosen word. We design and evaluate a new model-poisoning methodology based on model replacement. An attacker selected in a single round of federated learning can cause the global model to immediately reach 100% accuracy on the backdoor task. We evaluate the attack under different assumptions for the standard federated-learning tasks and show that it greatly outperforms data poisoning. Our generic constrain-and-scale technique also evades anomaly detection-based defenses by incorporating the evasion into the attacker's loss function during training.
Convergent Strategies in Total Syntheses of Complex Terpenoids (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTConvergent Strategies in Total Syntheses of Complex TerpenoidsDaisuke Urabe, Taro Asaba, and Masayuki Inoue*View Author Information Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 17, 9207–9231Publication Date (Web):March 17, 2015Publication History Received27 December 2014Published online17 March 2015Published inissue 9 September 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr500716fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr500716freview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10322Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Chemical synthesis,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Organic synthesis Get e-Alerts
Structural Evolution of Electroless Nickel Bump (2003)

An electroless nickel bump deposited from nickel sulfate solution was investigated for its structural evolution with respect to deposition parameters. The pad size, pitch size, and lead acetate concentration were found to affect the bump structure. Three types of representative structure, the broccoli edge, anisotropic, and pyramidal were identified. The effect of depositing parameters on the evolution of these structures is explained in terms of the adsorption behavior of additive and the diffusion mechanism of the nickel ions. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Cluster chemical ionization and deuterium exchange mass spectrometry in supersonic molecular Beams (1996)

A cluster-based chemical ionization method has been developed that produces protonated molecular ions from molecules introduced through a supersonic molecular beam interface. Mixed clusters of the analyte and a clustering agent (water or methanol) are produced in the expansion region of the beam, and are subsequently ionized by "fly through" electron impact (EI) ionization, which results in a mass spectrum that is a combination of protonated molecular ion peaks together with the conventional EI fragmentation pattern. The technique is presented and discussed as a tool complementary to electron impact ionization in supersonic molecular beams. Surface-induced dissociation on a rhenium oxide surface is also applied to simplify the mass spectra of clusters and reveal the analyte spectrum. The high gas flow rates involved with the supersonic molecular beam interface that enable the easy introduction of the clustering agents also have been used to introduce deuterating agents. An easy-to-use, fast, and routine on-line deuterium exchange method was developed to exchange active hydrogens (NH, OH). This method, combined with electron impact ionization, is demonstrated and discussed in terms of the unique information available through the EI fragmentation patterns, its ability to help in isomer identification, and possible applications with fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in supersonic molecular beams.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles selectively induce apoptosis in human cancer cells through reactive oxygen species (2012)

Overall, our data demonstrated that ZnO NPs selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells, which is likely to be mediated by reactive oxygen species via p53 pathway, through which most of the anticancer drugs trigger apoptosis. This study provides preliminary guidance for the development of liver cancer therapy using ZnO NPs.
125I-alpha-conotoxin MII identifies a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor population in mouse brain. (2000)

alpha-Conotoxin MII (CtxMII), a peptide toxin from the venom of the predatory cone snail Conus magus, displays an unusual nicotinic pharmacology. Specific binding of a radioiodinated derivative ((125)I-alpha-CtxMII) was identified in brain region homogenates and tissue sections. Quantitative autoradiography indicated that (125)I-alpha-CtxMII binding sites have an unique pharmacological profile and distribution in mouse brain, being largely confined to the superficial layers of the superior colliculus, nigrostriatal pathway, optic tract, olivary pretectal, and mediolateral and dorsolateral geniculate nuclei. Expression of alpha-CtxMII binding sites in the nigrostriatal pathway, combined with evidence for alpha-CtxMII-sensitivity of nicotine-induced [(3)H]dopamine release in rodent striatal preparations indicates that (125)I-alpha-CtxMII binding nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are likely to be physiologically important. Unlabeled alpha-CtxMII potently (K(i) < 3 nM) competed for a subset of [(3)H]epibatidine binding sites in mouse brain homogenates, but weakly (IC(50) > 10 microM) interacted with (125)I-alpha-bungarotoxin and (-)-[(3)H]nicotine binding sites, confirming this compound's novel nicotinic pharmacology. Quantitative autoradiography revealed that alpha-CtxMII binds with high affinity at a subset of [(3)H]epibatidine binding sites with relatively low cytisine affinity ("cytisine-resistant" sites), resolving [(3)H]epibatidine binding into three different populations, each probably corresponding to a receptor subtype. The majority population seems to correspond to that which binds nicotine and cytisine with high affinity ("cytisine-sensitive" sites). Comparison of the cytisine-resistant population's distribution with that of alpha3 subunit mRNA expression suggests that the fractions both more and less sensitive to alpha-CtxMII probably contain the alpha3 subunit, perhaps in combination with different beta subunits.
CMX001 (1- <i>O</i> -Hexadecyloxypropyl-Cidofovir) Inhibits Polyomavirus JC Replication in Human Brain Progenitor-Derived Astrocytes (2011)

Polyomavirus JC (JCV) replication causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a frequently fatal brain disease in immunodeficient patients, yet antiviral drugs are lacking. We characterized the lipid conjugate 1-O-hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (CMX001) regarding JCV (Mad-4) replication in human brain progenitor-derived astrocytes (PDA) and the simian virus 40 (SV40) large-T-antigen-expressing COS-7 cells up to 7 days postinfection (dpi). We examined JCV loads by PCR, the infection rate by immunofluorescence, and host cell toxicity by WST-1 and BrdU incorporation assays. Supernatants from CMX001-treated PDA demonstrated a drug concentration-dependent decrease in JCV loads and infectivity. CMX001 had only a modest effect on host cell metabolism but reduced overall BrdU incorporation. In PDA at 7 dpi, the CMX001 50% effective concentration (EC50) was 5.55 nM, the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was 184.6 nM, and the 50% selectivity index (SI50) was 33.3. The EC90 was 19.7 nM, the CC90 was 5,054 nM, and the SI90 was 256.1. In COS-7 cells, JCV replication was faster and the EC50 and EC90 were 18- and 37-fold higher than those in PDA, i.e., 0.1 μM and 0.74 μM (CC50, 0.67 μM; SI50, 6.7; CC90, 12.2 μM; SI90, 16.5) at 5 dpi. We conclude that CMX001 inhibits JCV replication at concentrations in vitro that can be attained by oral administration without significant side effects in clinical studies.
Interstitial charge states in boron-implanted silicon (2005)

It is becoming increasingly clear that simulation models of transient enhanced diffusion (TED) in silicon need to incorporate interstitial charging effects accurately in order to adequately reproduce experimental data near the surface and near the underlying junction. However, in the case of boron TED, the relevant charge states and ionization levels of both boron and silicon interstitial atoms are known only imperfectly. The present work attempts to describe this behavior more accurately via simulations of implanted profiles that employ a model whose kinetic parameters have been determined with considerable confidence by rigorous systems methods. The results suggest that B has two relevant charge states: (+) and (−). The corresponding states for Si are (++) and (0). The effective ionization levels for B and Si are 0.33±0.05 and 0.12±0.05eV above the valence band maximum, respectively.