gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relations Between Sleep Stage, Posture and Effective Nasal CPAP Levels in OSA (1992)

A retrospective analysis of positional data from 100 male patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was conducted to determine whether or not 1) the degree of positional dependency was similar in rapid eye movement (REM) compared to non-REM (NREM) sleep, 2) positional dependency correlated with effective levels of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and 3) patients with positional OSA preferentially avoided sleeping in the supine position. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was scored separately for sleep state (NREM and REM) and for posture [off back (AHI-O) and on back (AHI-B)]. The ratio of AHI-O/AHI-B was used to define positional OSA as AHI-O/AHI-B less than or equal to 0.50 (P group) and nonpositional OSA as 0.50 less than AHI-O/AHI-B (NP group). A group of 31 patients who had sufficient sleep time in NREM and REM sleep in both sleep postures was selected. In this group 9 out of 22 subjects who showed positional dependency during NREM sleep became nonpositional during REM sleep (0.05 less than p less than 0.10). The mean effective nasal CPAP level was slightly, but significantly, lower in the P group than in the NP group (8.0 versus 9.1 cm H2O; p less than 0.05). In addition, a correlation between AHI and effective nasal CPAP levels was found (r = 0.491; p = 0.0001). The P group had less supine sleep time (SST) than the NP group (32% versus 45% of total sleep; p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Type II secretion: from structure to function (2006)

Gram-negative bacteria use the type II secretion system to transport a large number of secreted proteins from the periplasmic space into the extracellular environment. Many of the secreted proteins are major virulence factors in plants and animals. The components of the type II secretion system are located in both the inner and outer membranes where they assemble into a multi-protein, cell-envelope spanning, complex. This review discusses recent progress, particularly newly published structures obtained by X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy that have increased our understanding of how the type II secretion apparatus functions and the role that individual proteins play in this complex system.
Electromagnetism for Engineers: An Introductory Course (1964)

1. The principle of electromagnetism 2. Electric charges at rest - I 3. Electric charges at rest - II 4. Steady electric currents 5. The magnetic fields of steady electric currents 6. Electromagnetic induction 7. The magnetic effects of iron 8. Electromechanics 9. Electromagentic radiation Appendices Further reading Index
A study of an operator assistant for virtual space (2002)

A method to assist an operator to place an object on a surface in a virtual environment without any force feed-back tool is described and evaluated. The method used is to apply an attractive power to two faces that are likely to be attached. The system checks the distance of these faces and assists the operator by attaching two faces whose distance is less than a certain threshold. The real time calculation is achieved by limiting the number of faces that can be attached. Using this interface, the operator can move an object in some predefined planes. An experiment shows that the method is effective when the operator is requested to precisely place a virtual object in a certain location.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Asymmetrical features of mass spectral peaks produced by quadrupole mass filters (2003)

The individual mass spectral peaks produced by a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) are asymmetric; they exhibit a 'tail' on the low mass side. In some cases a definite structure is observed in the tail. We show that the tail structure is a consequence of the use of circular electrodes. An extreme case of an experimentally observed QMS mass peak with a distinct tail structure is shown and the general form is reproduced using our numerical model. The effect of instrument resolution, length, operating frequency, ion energy, mass and ion source aperture upon the tail structure are considered. Results show that extensive long tails originate mainly from ions that enter the mass filter at a relatively large distance from the QMS axis; also no significant tail is produced in the case of ideal hyperbolic form electrodes of finite length.
Texture classification using wavelet decomposition with Markov random field models (2002)

We present a new scheme to classify different textures. In the past years, wavelet decomposition has been used in texture classification. The usual features of classification are energy and entropy. In this paper, we propose a scheme to use wavelet decomposition with Markov random field models, the parameters of each Markov random field models are used as features in texture classification. Thus we can analyze the textures with Markov random field models on different scales with the wavelet decomposition.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Access to Benzosulfolenes (1,3‐Dihydrobenzo(c)thiophene S,S‐ Dioxides) via Allenyl Furfuryl (2‐Furylmethyl) Sulfone Intramolecular Cycloaddition Strategy. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mechanistic and structural studies on Rhodococcus ATCC 39484 nitrilase.“ (1992)

Rhodococcus ATCC 39484 produced a nitrilase when induced with isovaleronitrile. The enzyme was obtainable pure in milligram amounts, had a subunit Mr of 40 kDa, and demonstrated a substrate-induced activation related to aggregation of subunits to form a 560-kDa complex. The enzyme had a broad substrate specificity, had a pH optimum of 7.5, was stable up to 40 degrees C, and had one disulfide bridge and two free cysteine residues, one of which appeared to be catalytically essential. The N-terminal sequence was determined and found to have 78.3% homology, in a 23-residue overlap, with Klebsiella ozaenae nitrilase. The enzyme was inhibited competitively by benzylamine and benzaldehyde and irreversibly by benzyl bromide. However, benzyl bromide was shown to be nonspecific, causing multiple alkylation. Acid quenching of enzyme-substrate mixtures allowed for the detection of covalent enzyme-substrate complexes using mass spectrometry. The covalent intermediate is suggested to be either a thioimidate or an acylenzyme and a reaction mechanism consistent with this observation and also the inhibitor results is proposed. The rate of breakdown of the covalent intermediates was found to be rate limiting even for substrates with undetectable rates of hydrolysis or those with very slow rates of intermediate formation. For phenylacetonitrile, a poor substrate, in addition to acid, approximately 2% of the product was the corresponding amide. This result suggests that a tetrahedral intermediate is formed which, for selected substrates, can break down anomalously to produce amide in place of the normal acid product. Under the conditions used in this study all other substrates tested were converted to acid.
Virtual reality based dynamic signature verification using data glove (2007)

Data glove is a new dimension in the field of virtual reality environments, initially designed to satisfy the stringent requirements of modern motion capture and animation professionals. In this paper we try to shift the implementation of data glove from motion animation towards signature verification problem, making use of the offered multiple degrees of freedom for each finger and for the hand as well. The proposed technique is based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) in finding r singular vectors sensing the maximal energy of glove data matrix A, called principal subspace, and thus account for most of the variation in the original data, so the effective dimensionality of the data can be reduced. Having identified data glove signature through its r-th principal subspace, the authenticity is then can be obtained by calculating the angles between the different subspaces. The SVD-signature verification technique is tested with large number of authentic and forgery signatures and shows remarkable level of accuracy in finding the similarities between genuine samples as well as the differenced between genuine-forgery trials.
Tracking Control for Guiding Electrodes along Joints by Pattern Detection of Welding Groove (1979)

This paper describes the highly accurate and widely applicable tracking control system which guides a welding torch along the line of a joint. The control system includes a servomechanism, an optical image sensor and an image processing apparatus. The optical sensor consists of a He-Ne gas laser and a solid-state image sensor, and detects the cross section pattern of a welding groove using the Light-Sectioning Technique. The image processor is all but a micro-computer and processes the visual information obtained by the image sensor, and then estimates the position of the welding groove center using the statistical estimation method. The estimated data are the output of the processor and are used as reference of the servomechanism. The data are stored at the same time in the Memory because they may be used again as an objective value of tracking control according to demand.This tracking control method has been applied to the penstock welding apparatus and to confirm its practical usefulness.A summary of the results is shown below.(1) The sensor mentioned in this paper is suitable for remote detection, and so has advantage. For example, the sensor is not consumed by contact and avoid of damage due to welding heat.(2) The detection is made with a high accuracy using a micro-computer and relying on the method of statistical inference.(3) The accuracy of the measurement can be determined arbitrarily by adjusting the magnification of the image sensor's optical system. For example, under the condition in which the image sensor views 50×50mm2 area on the steel surface, the maximum detection error is 0.22mm and the maximum tracking error is 0.34mm.(4) This tracking control method is applicable for every groove shape and also applicable for the monitoring of a bead shape, and the measurement of a gap between two steel plates, the measurement of a flatness offset between two surfaces.
The glycine decarboxylase complex multienzyme family in Populus (2007)

In plants, the glycine decarboxylase complex (GDC) cooperates with serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) to mediate photorespiratory glycine-serine interconversion. GDC is also postulated to be an integral component of one-carbon (C1) metabolism in heterotrophic tissues, although molecular evidence in plants is scarce. An initial report of a xylem-specific isoform of GDC component H-protein, PtgdcH1, in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) provided molecular evidence consistent with an important role for GDC in plant C1 metabolism. PtgdcH1 is phylogenetically distinct from the leaf-abundant photorespiratory PtgdcH3, but both isoforms restored GDC activity in a yeast H-protein knockout mutant, suggesting their functional equivalence. The Populus genome contains eight transcriptionally active GDC genes, encoding four H-proteins, two T-proteins, and single P-and L-proteins. The two Populus T-protein isoforms, PtgdcT1 and PtgdcT2, exhibited differential expression in leaves and xylem, similar to PtgdcH3 and PtgdcH1. In silico identification of AC elements in the promoters of xylem-abundant PtgdcH1 and PtgdcT2, as well as many lignin biosynthetic genes of Populus is consistent with a prominent role for GDC in methyl-intensive lignification during wood formation. The AC element is absent from Arabidopsis GDC promoters, and GDC expression has not been linked to secondary growth in this herbaceous annual. Taken together, the results suggest that the association of distinct H-protein and T-protein isoforms with photorespiration and C1 metabolism is a distinguishing feature of Populus, and may signify molecular adaptation of GDC to cope with the C1 demands of lignification in woody perennials.
Multi-factor EEG-based user authentication (2014)

Electroencephalography (EEG) signal has been used widely in health and medical fields. It is also used in brain-computer interface (BCI) systems for humans to continuously control mobile robots and wheelchairs. Recently, the research communities successfully explore the potential of using EEG as a new type of biometrics in user authentication. EEG-based user authentication systems have the combined advantages of both password-based and biometric-based authentication systems, yet without their drawbacks. In this paper, we propose to take the advantage of rich information, such as age and gender, carried by EEG signals for user authentication in multi-level security systems. Our experiments showed very promising results for the proposed multi-factor EEG-based authentication method.
PERIARTERITIS NODOSA SIMULATING AN ACUTE ABDOMINAL CONDITION REQUIRING OPERATION (1940)

Periarteritis nodosa was first accurately described by Kussmaul and Maier<sup>1</sup>in 1866. Since that time, many detailed case reports have appeared in journals devoted to pathology or to internal medicine. The frequency with which this disease simulates acute conditions requiring surgical treatment justifies its emphasis in the surgical literature. Periarteritis nodosa or, better, polyarteritis nodosa, is primarily a disease process involving the walls of blood vessels. The lesions start with edema and subsequent necrosis in the media of the vessel wall. The process ultimately extends to the intima, with reactive cellular proliferation which frequently produces endothelial injury and thrombus formation. There is also an adventitial infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, often accompanied by eosinophils. The healing process with the laying down of connective tissue results in the formation of a nodule involving the vessel wall; lack of repair, mural degeneration and necrosis with destruction of elastic fibers may terminate in
Role of switching devices on microgrid reliability (2010)

Distributed energy resource (DER) units are connected to the trunk feeder of microgrid by different types of switches. Reliability of microgrid is dependent to a large extent on the mode as well as speed of operation of these switches. Isolator and circuit breaker are the two such options as switching devices. In this paper, authors investigate how different types of switches influence the reliability of a 6-bus radial microgrid. in this context, they assess the reliability of the system, separately, with isolator and circuit breaker types of switching connections of DERs to the trunk feeder. Reliability indices SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIDI, ASAI, ASUI and EUE are determined for each of the switching cases and then compared. Net present value (NPV) benefits from reduction of customer interruption cost (CIC) due to above two switching connections are also evaluated, here. CIC is the main guiding factor for assessing the worth of reliability. Outages of sub-station, trunk feeder sections, and substation circuit breaker along with stuck breaker conditions are included in the studies for calculation of indices and only, first order failure modes are addressed.
Low density lipoprotein receptor and cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor are transported from the cell surface to the Golgi apparatus at equal rates in PC12 cells (1992)

Efficient transport of cell surface glycoproteins to the Golgi apparatus has been previously demonstrated for a limited number of proteins, and has been proposed to require selective sorting in the endocytic pathway after internalization. We have studied the endocytic fate of several glycoproteins that accumulate in different organelles in a variant clone of PC12, a regulated secretory cell line. The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor and the low density lipoprotein receptor, both rapidly internalized from the cell surface, and the synaptic vesicle membrane protein synaptophysin, were transported to the Golgi apparatus with equivalent, nonlinear kinetics. Transport to the Golgi apparatus (t1/2 = 2.5-3.0 h) was several times faster than turnover of these proteins (t1/2 greater than or equal to 20 h), indicating that transport of these proteins to the Golgi apparatus occurred on average several times for each protein. In contrast, Thy-1, a protein anchored in the membrane by a glycosylphosphoinositide group, was internalized and transported to the Golgi apparatus more slowly than the three transmembrane proteins. Since each of the transmembrane proteins studied showed the same t1/2 for transport to the Golgi apparatus, we conclude that transport of these proteins from the cell surface to the Golgi apparatus does not require sorting information specific to any one of these proteins. These results suggest that one of the functions of late endosomes is constitutive recycling of cell surface receptors through the Golgi apparatus if they fail to recycle to the cell surface directly from early endosomes, and that the late endosome recycling pathway is followed frequently by many rapidly internalized proteins.
Phase estimation as a quantum nondemolition measurement (2002)

The phase estimation algorithm, which is at the heart of a variety of quantum algorithms, including Shor's factoring algorithm, allows a quantum computer to accurately determine an eigenvalue of an unitary operator. Quantum nondemolition measurements are a quantum mechanical procedure, used to overcome the standard quantum limit when measuring an observable. We show that the phase estimation algorithm, in both the discrete and continuous variable setting, can be viewed as a quantum nondemolition measurement.
OPTICAL PENETRATION IN HUMAN INTRACRANIAL TUMORS (1985)

Abstract— The optical penetration depth has been measured in human intracranial tumors. The penetration depth in highly malignant gliomas is typically twice as large as the penetration depth in the surrounding normal brain tissue. Typical values for different wavelengths are: 1 mm for blue/green, 2.5 mm for red and 6 mm for near infrared. The penetration depth in a metastasis (from lung) is about the same as in the surrounding tissue.
Ellipsometric characterization of anisotropic porous silicon Fabry–Pérot filters and investigation of temperature effects on capillary condensation efficiency (1999)

Porous silicon Fabry-Pérot optical filters with reflectivity peaks in the visible and near infrared spectral range have been manufactured electrochemically and characterized with variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. Generalized ellipsometry and the Bruggeman effective medium approximation were employed to study the anisotropy of the samples including determination of the tilt of the optic axis relative to the sample normal. At a wavelength of 700 nm, the difference between the real parts of the ordinary and extraordinary indexes of refraction of the low and high index sublayers were 0.05 and 0.07, respectively. In addition, the effect of temperature on the spectral redshifts caused by capillary condensation of water and toluene vapors in the porous material are investigated. It is demonstrated that a temperature decrease causes the spectral shifts to occur at lower partial pressures, indicating a more effective vapor capture at lower temperatures. Finally, it is shown that this phenomenon can be used to increase the ellipsometric response to very low vapor concentrations and thus improve the sensitivity of the technique in gas sensor applications.
BLOCKSIM-application of non-linear modelling and simulation in fuzzy control system design (1994)

A model-based evaluation environment for fuzzy control system design is presented, interconnecting BLOCKSIM, a block oriented modelling and simulation package, to the fuzzy control design system of DESys (a distributed expert system shell). The designed fuzzy control system can be directly inserted as a super block in BLOCKSIM and evaluated by parallel execution of the nonlinear model and the fuzzy control system. The combination of block oriented modelling and simulation with the expert system results in faster development cycles and gains deeper insight into the system under consideration. The possibility to include hardware in the loop extends the method to systems with unknown model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrochemiluminescence Aptamer Biosensor for Detection of Thrombin Based on CdS QDs/ACNTs Electrode (2011)

Abstract A label‐free ECL aptamer biosensor based on CdS QDs/ACNTs electrode for the sensitive detection of thrombin was fabricated. CdS QDs and Chitosan (CTS) complex films were coated and filled the tubes of ACNTs by carrying out electrodeposition reaction of CTS‐CdS QDs on ACNTs electrode, the resulting electrode showed high ECL intensity and good biocompatibility. After aptamer was bound to the film via glutaric dialdehyde, the modified electrode could be used as an ECL aptamer sensor for the thrombin detection. The specific reaction between thrombin and aptamer resulted in the decrease in ECL intensity. The change of the ECL intensity was found to be linear with the logarithm of thrombin concentration in the range from 1.0×10 −13 M to 1.0×10 −9 M. The ECL aptamer sensor had the advantages of speed, high sensitivity, specificity and stability, which could be a promising technique for protein detection.
Initiative for the 21st century: Advanced space power and propulsion based on lasers (1989)

This paper discusses the use of lasers in spacecraft propulsion systems. Cost, efficiencies and comparisons with other propulsion systems are discussed. (LSP)
XAB2, a Novel Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein Involved in Transcription-coupled DNA Repair and Transcription (2000)

Nucleotide excision repair is a highly versatile DNA repair system responsible for elimination of a wide variety of lesions from the genome. It is comprised of two subpathways: transcription-coupled repair that accomplishes efficient removal of damage blocking transcription and global genome repair. Recently, the basic mechanism of global genome repair has emerged from biochemical studies. However, little is known about transcription-coupled repair in eukaryotes. Here we report the identification of a novel protein designated XAB2 (XPA-binding protein 2) that was identified by virtue of its ability to interact with XPA, a factor central to both nucleotide excision repair subpathways. The XAB2 protein of 855 amino acids consists mainly of 15 tetratricopeptide repeats. In addition to interacting with XPA, immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that a fraction of XAB2 is able to interact with the transcription-coupled repair-specific proteins CSA and CSB as well as RNA polymerase II. Furthermore, antibodies against XAB2 inhibited both transcription-coupled repair and transcription in vivo but not global genome repair when microinjected into living fibroblasts. These results indicate that XAB2 is a novel component involved in transcription-coupled repair and transcription.