gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global array reference allocation (2002)

Embedded systems executing specialized programs have been increasingly responsible for a large share of the computer systems manufactured every year. This trend has increased the demand for processors that can guarantee high-performance under stringent cost, power, and code size constraints. Indirect addressing is by far the most used addressing mode in programs running on these systems, since it enables the design of small and faster instructions. This paper proposes a solution to the problem of allocating registers to array references using auto-increment addressing modes. It extends previous work in the area by enabling efficient allocation in the presence of control-flow statements. The solution is based on an algorithm that merges address registers' live ranges pairwise. An optimizing DSP compiler, from Mindspeed Technologies Inc., is used to validate this idea. Experimental results reveal a substantial improvement in code performance, when comparing to a combination of local auto-increment detection and priority-based register coloring.
A common conditional access interface for digital video broadcasting decoders (1995)

A set of standards has been designed by the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) project in Europe for the broadcasting of digital television services on satellite, cable, MMDS and terrestrial networks. These standards are based on the ISO MPEG 2 specifications and include source coding, channel coding, modulation, service information and interfaces for consumer decoders. A conditional access system is used when there is a need to control the access to a broadcast service, mainly for commercial reasons. It has been decided not to standardize the conditional access (CA) system, but only the mechanisms for interoperation of different CA systems on DVB decoders. Mechanisms had to be found in order to allow the reception of DVB programmes using different CA systems with a single decoder. The DVB common interface described in the paper has first been specified for that purpose. Decoder manufacturers will provide DVB decoders with the DVB common interface and CA system providers will provide detachable CA modules. This solution allows broadcasters to use modules containing solutions from different suppliers in the same broadcast system, thus increasing their choice and anti-piracy options.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On maximizing the lifetime of distributed information in ad-hoc networks with individual constraints (2005)

Ad-Hoc Networks and in particular sensor networks are networks of nodes with limited battery and limited processing capacity. As such, a single node carries an incentive to limit the amount of data it contains. This leads to the expiration of the data carried by the node after a period of time, due for instance, to a re-boot after an off period in the duty cycle, or to older information being "pushed" out by new data received by the mobile node. On the other hand, some data is critical to the functioning of the whole network. For instance, the existence and position of a gateway towards the infrastructure network should be kept somewhere in the network, so that nodes are able to recover this information when needed. In this paper, we study the trade-off between the finite lifetime of a piece of information at each node, and the survival of this information indefinitely within the network. We consider a simple dissemination process for the information akin to an AODV-based information request/reply mechanism. We show that the maximum number of hops in a request is a critical parameter to ensure the survivability indefinitely of any information within the network. We identify the parameter which minimizes the load on the network, for two typical ad-hoc network topologies: a square lattice, which accurately models the distribution of the nodes in a fixed and organized ad hoc or sensor network, and a n-ary tree, which models ad hoc networks for which routing is constructed so as to have no routing loops.
Self-assembled nanoparticles based on the c(RGDfk) peptide for the delivery of siRNA targeting the VEGFR2&nbsp;gene for tumor therapy (2014)

The clinical application of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been restricted by their poor intracellular uptake, low serum stability, and inability to target specific cells. During the last several decades, a great deal of effort has been devoted to exploring materials for siRNA delivery. In this study, biodegradable, tumor-targeted, self-assembled peptide nanoparticles consisting of cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe-Lys)-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-β-maleimidopropionic acid (hereafter referred to as RPM) were found to be an effective siRNA carrier both in vitro and in vivo. The nanoparticles were characterized based on transmission electron microscopy, circular dichroism spectra, and dynamic light scattering. In vitro analyses showed that the RPM/VEGFR2-siRNA exhibited negligible cytotoxicity and induced effective gene silencing. Delivery of the RPM/VEGFR2 (zebrafish)-siRNA into zebrafish embryos resulted in inhibition of neovascularization. Administration of RPM/VEGFR2 (mouse)-siRNA to tumor-bearing nude mice led to a significant inhibition of tumor growth, a marked reduction of vessels, and a down-regulation of VEGFR2 (messenger RNA and protein) in tumor tissue. Furthermore, the levels of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-6 in mouse serum, assayed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, did not indicate any immunogenicity of the RPM/VEGFR2 (mouse)-siRNA in vivo. In conclusion, RPM may provide a safe and effective delivery vector for the clinical application of siRNAs in tumor therapy.
A Block in Endoplasmic Reticulum-to-Golgi Trafficking Inhibits Phospholipid Synthesis and Induces Neutral Lipid Accumulation (2008)

Seeking to better understand how membrane trafficking is coordinated with phospholipid synthesis in yeast, we investigated lipid synthesis in several Sec(-) temperature-sensitive mutants, including sec13-1. Upon shift of sec13-1 cells to the restrictive temperature of 37 degrees C, phospholipid synthesis decreased dramatically relative to the wild type control, whereas synthesis of neutral lipids, especially triacylglycerol (TAG), increased. When examined by fluorescence microscopy, the number of lipid droplets appeared to increase and formed aggregates in sec13-1 cells shifted to 37 degrees C. Electron microscopy confirmed the increase in lipid droplet number and revealed that many were associated with the vacuole. Analysis of lipid metabolism in strains lacking TAG synthase genes demonstrated that the activities of the products of these genes contribute to accumulation of TAG in sec13-1 cells after the shift to 37 degrees C. Furthermore, the permissive temperature for growth of the sec13-1 strain lacking TAG synthase genes was 3 degrees C lower than sec13-1 on several different growth media, indicating that the synthesis of TAG has physiological significance under conditions of secretory stress. Together these results suggest that following a block in membrane trafficking, yeast cells channel lipid metabolism from phospholipid synthesis into synthesis of TAG and other neutral lipids to form lipid droplets. We conclude that this metabolic switch provides a degree of protection to cells during secretory stress.
Nanoshells Made Easy: Improving Au Layer Growth on Nanoparticle Surfaces (2008)

The growth of a continuous, uniform Au layer on a dielectric nanoparticle is the critical step in the synthesis of nanoparticles such as nanoshells or nanorice, giving rise to their unique geometry-dependent plasmon resonant properties. Here, we report a novel, streamlined method for Au layer metallization on prepared nanoparticle surfaces using carbon monoxide as the reducing agent. This approach consistently yields plasmonic nanoparticles with highly regular shell layers and is immune to variations in precursor or reagent preparation. Single particle spectroscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy reveal that thinner, more uniform shell layers with correspondingly red-shifted optical resonances are achievable with this approach.
Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of 31.5-Mev Alpha Particles by Light Nuclei (1956)

Using the 31.5-Mev alpha-particle beam of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology cyclotron, a study has been made of the angular distributions obtained in the ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, \ensuremath{\alpha}$) and ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, {\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) interactions on ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$, ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$, and ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}$. Separation of the alpha particles from other products of the alpha-induced reactions was accomplished by a $\frac{\mathrm{dE}}{\mathrm{dx}}$ and $E$ two-crystal technique developed at the cyclotron laboratory. The experimental inelastic angular distributions are shown to be in agreement with those predicted by the direct surface interaction theory. The experimental elastic angular distributions are compared with the diffraction of light by an opaque sphere. The probabilities of excitation of isotopic spin "forbidden" and "allowed" levels were also obtained for specified levels of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$.
Spectroscopic Study of Radiofrequency Oxygen Plasma Stripping of Negative Photoresists. II. Visible Spectrum (1977)

The rf O 2 plasma-induced stripping of negative photoresists from semiconductor surfaces has been detected and monitored using the optical emission from electronically excited CO product molecules at 483.5 and 519.8 nm. The active species producing the stripping has been identified as electronically excited oxygen atoms. The end point of the stripping process is easily identified as is the final cleanup of the semiconductor surface. The dependence of the stripping time as a function of flow rate and oxygen pressure has also been determined.
A large semaphore based operating system (1975)

The paper describes the internal structure of a large operating system as a set of cooperating sequential processes. The processes synchronize by means of semaphores and extended semaphores (queue semaphores). The number of parallel processes is carefully justified, and the various semaphore constructions are explained. The system is proved to be free of “deadly embrace” (deadlock). The design principle is an alternative to Dijkstra's hierarchical structuring of operating systems. The project management and the performance are discussed, too. The operating system is the first large one using the RC 4000 multiprogramming system.
Controlling Surface Chemistry with Light:  Spatially Resolved Deposition of Rovibrational-State-Selected Molecules (2000)

We report the spatially resolved deposition of infrared laser excited methane molecules onto a Ni(100) substrate. A narrow bandwidth infrared laser excites methane molecules in a supersonic molecular beam to v = 1 of the ν3 C−H stretching vibration. Tuning the laser to the center of the Doppler-broadened absorption profile selectively excites only those molecules whose transverse velocity is nearly zero. The molecular beam impinges on a Ni(100) substrate where laser-excited molecules dissociate with up to 1600 times the probability of molecules that do not absorb infrared light. Despite the fact that the entire Ni(100) surface is exposed to the molecular beam, only a narrow region of laser-enhanced carbon deposition appears on the substrate. We can control excitation conditions to deposit a single stripe, or a set of equally spaced parallel stripes of carbon on the surface. A model of the deposition process based on optical broadening mechanisms in our experiment quantitatively predicts deposition area dimensions without any adjustable parameters. Extension of the model to other feasible experimental conditions points to the possibility of achieving submicrometer resolution. These results demonstrate a new means of exerting spatial control over deposition processes and highlight an important experimental consideration for future eigenstate-resolved gas−surface reactivity studies employing narrow-bandwidth optical pumping.
Genetic and Structure-Function Studies of Missense Mutations in Human Endothelial Lipase (2013)

Endothelial lipase (EL) plays a pivotal role in HDL metabolism. We sought to characterize EL and its interaction with HDL as well as its natural variants genetically, functionally and structurally. We screened our biethnic population sample (n = 802) for selected missense mutations (n = 5) and identified T111I as the only common variant. Multiple linear regression analyses in Hispanic subjects revealed an unexpected association between T111I and elevated LDL-C (p-value = 0.012) and total cholesterol (p-value = 0.004). We examined lipase activity of selected missense mutants (n = 10) and found different impacts on EL function, ranging from normal to complete loss of activity. EL-HDL lipidomic analyses indicated that EL has a defined remodeling of HDL without exhaustion of the substrate and a distinct and preference for several fatty acids that are lipid mediators and known for their potent pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. Structural studies using homology modeling revealed a novel α/β motif in the C-domain, unique to EL. The EL dimer was found to have the flexibility to expand and to bind various sizes of HDL particles. The likely impact of the all known missense mutations (n = 18) on the structure of EL was examined using molecular modeling and the impact they may have on EL lipase activity using a novel structure-function slope based on their structural free energy differences. The results of this multidisciplinary approach delineated the impact of EL and its variants on HDL. Moreover, the results suggested EL to have the capacity to modulate vascular health through its role in fatty acid-based signaling pathways.
Preparation and properties of a mitomycin C-albumin conjugate. (1990)

Mitomycin C, an anti-neoplastic agent, was covalently attached to bovine serum albumin through various kinds of spacers such as glutaryl, succinyl, trans-aconityl, methylsuccinyl and the trimellityl group. The prior acylation of albumin not only prevented protein polymerization in the presence of carbodiimide, but also increased the extent of conjugation of the drug. The conjugate of mitomycin C-glutarylated albumin showed the best properties among the conjugates prepared in meeting the requirements for a high yield of nonpolymerized product with an adequately high mitomycin C content and stability as a macromolecular prodrug.
Simple orthogonal transform for image coding (2002)

In this work, a simple orthogonal transform called dyadic transform (DT) is developed for image coding systems based on the principle of dyadic symmetry. The new transform has very simple implementation structure that requires only operations of addition and binary shift. Evaluations using a statistical model and real images show that the performance of the proposed transform is close to that of DCT and is better than the high correlation transform (HCT) and low correlation transform (LCT).
RSF-1 overexpression determines cancer progression and drug resistance in cervical cancer (2018)

RSF-1 participates in the tumor progression of cervical cancer and could be considered as an early prognostic marker for cancer development and clinical outcome. Therapies based on anti-RSF-1 activity may be beneficial for patients with RSF-1 overexpression in their tumors.
Digital Human Modeling for Workspace Design (2008)

Digital human modeling (DHM) technology offers human factors/ergonomics specialists the promise of an efficient means to simulate a large variety of ergonomics issues early in the design of products and manufacturing workstations. It rests on the premise that most products and manufacturing work settings are specified and designed by using sophisticated computer-aided design (CAD) systems. By integrating a computer-rendered avatar (or hominoid) and the CAD-rendered graphics of a prospective workspace, one can simulate issues regarding who can fit, reach, see, manipulate, and so on. In this chapter, I briefly describe the development of various DHM methods to improve CAD systems. Past concerns about early DHM methods are discussed, followed by a description of some of the recent major developments that represent attempts by various groups to address the early concerns. In this latter context, methods are described for using anthropometric databases to ensure that population shape and size are well modeled. Efforts to integrate various biomechanical models into DHM systems also are described, followed by a section that outlines how human motions are being modeled in different DHM systems. In a final section, I discuss recent work to merge cognitive models of human performance with DHM models of manual tasks. Much has been accomplished in recent years to make digital human models more useful and effective in resolving ergonomics issues during the design of products and manufacturing processes, but much remains to be learned and applied in this rapidly evolving aspect of ergonomics.
Nd:LNA laser optical pumping of 4He: Application to space magnetometers (1988)

We have observed Hanle signals and n=0, p=1 parametric resonances of 23S1 metastable helium atoms in a discharge cell by optically pumping the helium atoms with a tunable Nd:LNA laser. These resonances were used to construct a sensitive magnetometer for the measurement of very small magnetic fields. Since magnetometer sensitivity is proportional to the slope of the parametric resonance signal (signal amplitude divided by linewidth), the slopes for single-line laser pumping were compared with similar quantities obtained from conventional helium lamp pumping. Laser pumping yielded 45 times greater slopes with comparable power requirements, thus establishing the potential for developing ultrasensitive resonance magnetometers using single-line laser pumping.
A Robust Computational Algorithm for Inverse Photomask Synthesis in Optical Projection Lithography (2012)

Inverse lithography technology formulates the photomask synthesis as an inverse mathematical problem. To solve this, we propose a variational functional and develop a robust computational algorithm, where the proposed functional takes into account the process variations and incorporates several regularization terms that can control the mask complexity. We establish the existence of the minimizer of the functional, and in order to optimize it effectively, we adopt an alternating minimization procedure with Chambolle's fast duality projection algorithm. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm is effective in synthesizing high quality photomasks as compared with existing methods.
Stress Urinary Incontinence: Relative Importance of Urethral Support and Urethral Closure Pressure (2008)

The finding that maximal urethral closure pressure and not urethral support is the factor most strongly associated with stress incontinence implies that improving urethral function may have therapeutic promise.
Random sampling in high-frequency digital lock-in amplifiers (2006)

The application of a random sampling scheme in high-frequency digital lock-in amplifiers is proposed. This scheme allows reducing the sampling frequency with reduced aliasing effects. Analytical and numerical analyses that show the advantages and limitations of the proposed scheme are presented. Furthermore, experimental tests that validate the proposal are given. The maximum input-signal frequency of a lock-in amplifier working with the proposed sampling scheme is not limited by the sampling frequency. Instead, the limit is imposed by the quantization of the random time periods and the sample-and-hold device.
Th17 Cells Promote Autoimmune Anti-Myeloperoxidase Glomerulonephritis (2010)

A major target autoantigen in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis is myeloperoxidase (MPO). Although MPO-specific CD4+ Th cells seem to orchestrate renal injury, the role of the Th17 subset is unknown. We hypothesized that Th17 cells direct injurious anti-MPO autoimmunity in experimental murine anti-MPO-induced glomerulonephritis (GN). We immunized mice with MPO to establish autoimmunity, resulting in systemic IL-17A production with MPO-specific dermal delayed-type hypersensitivity. We triggered disease using antibodies to the glomerular basement membrane to induce glomerular deposition of MPO by neutrophils. Wild-type mice developed necrotizing GN with an influx of glomerular leukocytes and albuminuria. In contrast, mice deficient in the key Th17 effector cytokine IL-17A were nearly completely protected. The protective effects resulted partly from reduced neutrophil recruitment, which led to less disposition of glomerular MPO. To test whether IL-17A also drives autoimmune delayed-type hypersensitivity in the kidney, we injected MPO into the kidneys of MPO-sensitized mice. IL-17A deficiency reduced accumulation of renal macrophages and renal CCL5 mRNA expression. In conclusion, IL-17A contributes to the pathophysiology of autoimmune anti-MPO GN, suggesting that it may be a viable therapeutic target for this disease.
Fast noncontact imaging of material microstructure using local surface acoustic wave velocity mapping (2006)

The make-up of the material microstructure of multi-grained materials such as titanium alloys and aluminum is of great interest to many in industries such as aerospace. The ability to map the material microstructure - in effect to image the grains - quickly and in a nondestructive manner would be useful from both a process control perspective and in the area of nondestructive evaluation. There are several techniques in the field that are capable of imaging grain structure, including simple etching, orientation imaging microscopy and scanning acoustic microscopy; all have their strengths and weaknesses. We present a new ultrasonic technique that can directly and quantitatively image the local surface acoustic wave (SAW) velocity over the surface of a material. Material microstructure can be determined if the phase velocity of the grains varies with grain orientation. The acoustic waves are generated and detected by lasers and as well as being noncontact, the technique is relatively fast, can cope with large samples, and is totally nondestructive. The new technique involves varying the spatial parameters of the excitation pattern in real time to maximize the generation efficiency of the surface acoustic waves at the phase velocity of the material, in the region of excitation. By repeating this over the sample surface, a surface wave phase velocity map can be produced. As well as describing the velocity mapping technique in detail, several example results of industrially-relevant materials acquired using our new instrument are presented. The limit to the quantitative lateral resolution of the instrument is discussed, and how this relates to the qualitative lateral resolution. Results indicating the practical limit of the accuracy of velocity measure- ments are also presented. We demonstrate imaging on several samples (40mm 2 )a nd different materials. This shows that the the instrument can reveal the underlying microstructure and image areas of anomalous grain structure that may be significant for the performance of the material. The instrument currently works on smooth samples but can be extended to work on rough surfaces and components with unprepared surfaces and consequently this has high industrial relevance.