gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulse wave reflection: can it explain the differences between systemic and pulmonary pressure and flow waves? A study in dogs. (1982)

We have studied the effect of changes in pulse wave reflection on the configurations of pressure and flow in systemic and pulmonary circulation. Electromagnetic flow transducers, atrial catheters, and pacing leads were implanted in 10 dogs. In four animals, the flow transducer was placed on the pulmonary artery, in another four on the ascending aorta, and in two additional dogs on both vessels. One week later, ascending aortic and/or pulmonary artery flow and pressure (catheter tip manometer) were measured under general anesthesia (Nembutal, 30 mg/kg, iv). When the pulmonary circulation was studied (six dogs), measurements were made before and during serotonin infusion (0.5-0.75 mg/min). When the systemic circulation was studied (six dogs), measurements were made before and during nitroprusside infusion (50-200 micrograms/min). To quantify the arterial load, we calculated pulmonary and systemic input impedances. To estimate the amount of reflection, we used a reflection index which we defined as the amplitude ratio of reflected and forward wave. Nitroprusside decreased total peripheral resistance, increased total arterial compliance, and decreased the reflection index; similarity between aortic pressure and flow wave shapes increased, and they looked more like their pulmonary counterparts. Serotonin increased pulmonary vascular resistance, decreased pulmonary arterial compliance, and increased the reflection index. Resemblance of pressure and flow waves decreased. The differences in wave shapes can thus be explained by the amount of reflection: the less reflection the more pressure and flow resemble each other.
Dopamine-dependent synaptic plasticity in an amygdala inhibitory circuit controls fear memory expression (2016)

Of the numerous events that occur in daily life, we readily remember salient information, but do not retain most less-salient events for a prolonged period. Although some of the episodes contain putatively emotional aspects, the information with lower saliency is rarely stored in neural circuits via an unknown mechanism. We provided substantial evidence indicating that synaptic plasticity in the dorsal ITC of amygdala allows for selective storage of salient emotional experiences, while it deters less-salient experience from entering long-term memory. After activation of D4R or weak fear conditioning, STDP stimulation induces LTD in the LA-ITC synapses. This form of LTD is dependent upon presynaptic D4R, and is likely to result from enhancement of GABA release. Both optogenetic abrogation of LTD and ablation of D4R at the dorsal ITC in vivo lead to heightened and over-generalized fear responses. Finally, we demonstrated that LTD was impaired at the dorsal ITC of PTSD model mice, which suggests that maladaptation of GABAergic signaling and the resultant LTD impairment contribute to the endophenotypes of PTSD. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(1): 1-2]
ChemInform Abstract: COX‐2 and a New Generation of NSAIDs (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Endogenous prostaglandin E2 synthesis preserved following cytoprotection by Roter (bismuth subnitrate) in the rat alcohol model of gastric ulceration. (1988)

The protective effect of the compound preparation Roter, principally bismuth subnitrate and the other base constituents of these tablets, magnesium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, were assessed using the standard alcohol model of gastric ulceration in the rat. Groups of ten rats were studied with Group A as controls, Group B alcohol alone, Group C pretreatment with base components followed by alcohol, Group D pretreatment with bismuth subnitrate followed by alcohol and Group E pretreatment with full formulation Roter followed by alcohol. The study was assessed by measurement of areas of gastric ulceration and tissue prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Alcohol alone caused gross ulceration and reduction in PGE2 synthesis compared to controls (P less than 0.001). Pretreatment with tablet base gave only marginal protection whilst bismuth subnitrate gave marked protection against ulceration compared to alcohol alone (P less than 0.001). Full formulation Roter also gave marked protection against ulceration compared to alcohol alone (P less than 0.001) and this was associated with PGE2 synthesis indistinguishable from controls but significantly greater than in the alcohol alone group (P less than 0.001). It was not possible to determine whether the normal PGE2 synthesis was the cause or the result of protective effect of Roter and the accompanying reduction in ulceration. It was possible however to conclude that using this model of experimental ulceration. Roter and bismuth subnitrate are 'cytoprotective' and this was associated with the preservation of normal prostaglandin synthesis.
Effect of different puncture sites of vein indwelling trocar for infants with congenital heart disease (2013)

Objective To compare successful rates among 3 different puncture sites of vein indwelling trocar for infants with congenital heart disease,and analyze failure reasons.Methods A total of 327 infants with congenital heart disease were randomly divided into 3 groups:the superficial temporal vein group with 106 cases,the dorsal hand vein group with 120 cases and the great saphenous vein group with 101 cases.The successful rates and influencing factors of these three groups were observed and analyzed.Results The successful puncture rate of superficial temporal vein group (92.45％) was higher than the dorsal hand vein group (80.83％) and the great saphenous vein group (80.20％),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =6.151 8,6.371 5,respectively; P ＜ 0.05).The difference of successful rate between the dorsal hand vein group and great saphenous vein group was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The differences of failure rates among three groups due to infants' struggle,over-quick withdrawal,quality of indwelling needles and etc were all not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The failure rate in the superficial temporal vein group due to non turgor vitalis was 0.00％,obviously lower than that in the dorsal hand vein group (7.50％) and the great saphenous vein group(5.94％),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =8.7048,6.985 2,respectively; P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference of failure rates due to non turgor vitalis between the dorsal hand vein group and the great saphenous vein group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Superficial temporal vein should be considered as the first choice for infants with congenital heart disease who need vein indwelling trocar puncture,so as to improve the successful puncture rate.

Key words: 
Congenial heart disease; Vein indwelling needle; Puncture site; Successful puncture rate
Atlanta Hartsfield International Airport results of FAA trials to accurately locate/identify aircraft on the airport movement area (2002)

Current operational airport surface surveillance systems do not positively identify aircraft as unique targets. Air traffic controllers are instead presented with a primary radar picture showing all traffic on the airport movement area. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is evaluating different types of systems that will add the aircraft's call-sign or flight number to the radar image thereby allowing controllers to positively identify individual aircraft at all times. This paper describes the development, implementation, and testing of the airport surface target identification system, and presents results of initial trials conducted at Atlanta Hartsfield International Airport.
Optimization of multi-channel BCH error decoding for common cases (2015)

This paper proposes a new method to optimize a BCH error correction decoder in multi-channel configurations. We break the BCH decoding process into its three basic blocks: syndrome calculation, the error locator polynomial generation, and the roots of the error locator polynomial computation. While an existing multi-channel BCH decoder consists of several single-channel BCH decoders operating in parallel, this paper utilizes a pooled group of shared decoding blocks. By considering the frequency of errors, the proposed pooled group approach requires fewer hardware blocks than in a traditional multi-channel configuration with a negligible impact on performance. Combined with a specialized root finding unit for blocks with only 1 error, our scheme reduces hardware area by 47%--71% and dynamic power by 44%--59% with 2% performance degradation in typical NAND flash systems. With a constant hardware area, the proposed scheme can improve throughput by 3x--5x or NAND flash lifetime by 1.4x--4.5x.
Do ketogenic diets really suppress appetite? A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2014)

Very-low-energy diets (VLEDs) and ketogenic low-carbohydrate diets (KLCDs) are two dietary strategies that have been associated with a suppression of appetite. However, the results of clinical trials investigating the effect of ketogenic diets on appetite are inconsistent. To evaluate quantitatively the effect of ketogenic diets on subjective appetite ratings, we conducted a systematic literature search and meta-analysis of studies that assessed appetite with visual analogue scales before (in energy balance) and during (while in ketosis) adherence to VLED or KLCD. Individuals were less hungry and exhibited greater fullness/satiety while adhering to VLED, and individuals adhering to KLCD were less hungry and had a reduced desire to eat. Although these absolute changes in appetite were small, they occurred within the context of energy restriction, which is known to increase appetite in obese people. Thus, the clinical benefit of a ketogenic diet is in preventing an increase in appetite, despite weight loss, although individuals may indeed feel slightly less hungry (or more full or satisfied). Ketosis appears to provide a plausible explanation for this suppression of appetite. Future studies should investigate the minimum level of ketosis required to achieve appetite suppression during ketogenic weight loss diets, as this could enable inclusion of a greater variety of healthy carbohydrate-containing foods into the diet.
Perturbation Theory for Electromagnetic Coupling to Elastic Surface Waves on Piezoelectric Substrates (1971)

Starting from the fundamental acoustic and electromagnetic field equations an approximate expression is obtained for the perturbation in propagation wavenumber of a surface acoustic wave in a piezoelectric crystal. The source of perturbation is taken to be a surface spaced an air-gap distance h above the piezoelectric and is described in terms of an electrical impedance. The resulting perturbation is found in terms of the perturbing electrical impedance, an effective dielectric constant for the piezoelectric, the air-gap spacing h, and a perturbation coupling constant defined in terms of the unperturbed electric potential at the piezoelectric surface and the average acoustic power flow per unit frequency. The theory is applied to the case of a short-circuit perturbing surface and found to be in excellent agreement with certain numerical results for Y-cut Z-propagating LiNbO3 and several cuts of Bi12 GeO20. In the general case of a complex perturbing impedance, such as that exhibited by a semiconductor, the theory indicates that attenuation or gain and dispersion may be introduced by the perturbation, in close agreement with experimental observations.
Synthesis and application of 4-[18F]fluorobenzylamine: A versatile building block for the preparation of PET radiotracers (2010)

A novel synthesis of 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzylamine ([(18)F]FBA) by means of transition metal-assisted sodium borohydride reduction of 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzonitrile ([(18)F]FBN) is described. This approach could successfully be extended to borohydride exchange resin (BER) enabling a viable option for use in automated syntheses. [(18)F]FBA was used for the synthesis of 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzylamine-based thiol group-reactive prosthetic groups 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzyl-2-bromoacetamide ([(18)F]FBBA) and 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzylamidopropionyl maleimide ([(18)F]FBAPM). [(18)F]FBBA and [(18)F]FBAPM were obtained in radiochemical yields of 75% and 55%, respectively. Feasibility of using [(18)F]FBAPM as novel prosthetic group for peptide and protein labelling was demonstrated with cysteine-containing tripeptide glutathione (GSH). [(18)F]FBBA was used for labelling of a fully phosphorothioated 20mer oligodesoxynucleotide (ODN).
Stacking VAE and GAN for Context-aware Text-to-Image Generation (2018)

Generating high-quality images based on text descriptions is an appealing research topic, which has widespread applications in various fields. However, it is quite challenging since that images and language descriptions in real world are noisy with great variability. Most existing text-to-image methods aim to generate images in a holistic manner, which ignore the difference between images' foreground and background, resulting in that objects in images are easily disturbed by the background. Moreover, they commonly ignore the complementarity of different kinds of generative models. In this paper, we propose a context-aware approach to perform text-to-image generation, which separates background and foreground for generating high-quality images, as well as utilizes complementarity between Variational Autoencoder (VAE) and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for robust text-to-image generation. First, context-aware conditional VAE is proposed to capture images' basic layout and color based on text, which pays different attention on the background and foreground of images for effective text-image alignment. Then, conditional GAN is adopted for refining the generation of VAE, which recovers lost details and corrects the defects for realistic image generation. Attributed to such stacked VAE-GAN structure, two kinds of generative models can boost each other for more effective and stable text-to-image generation. Experimental results on 2 widely-used datasets empirically verify the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
System dynamics for market forecasting and structural analysis (2000)

Forecasts of demand, revenues, profits, and other performance measures are a common input to managing a business. And, while managers intellectually appreciate the difficulties with forecasts, the use of assumptions about the future is inevitable and necessary. Since the forecasts that come from calibrated system dynamics models are likely to be better and more informative than those from other approaches, especially in the short- to mid-term, we must educate our clients to make proper use of them. This article stresses three points: (1) system dynamics models can provide more reliable forecasts of short- to mid-term trends than statistical models, and therefore lead to better decisions; (2) system dynamics models provide a means of understanding the causes of industry behavior, and thereby allow early detection of changes in industry structure and the determination of factors to which forecast behavior are significantly sensitive; and (3) system dynamics models allow the determination of reasonable scenarios as inputs to decisions and policies. The paper illustrates these points with examples from a model of the commercial jet aircraft industry. It shows how the model was used to identify important structural changes in the industry, to avoid unnecessary capacity expansion, and to identify strategies to best “bridge” a business downturn. The results presented update and significantly expand upon work presented earlier. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The <i>CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON1</i> gene of <i>Arabidopsis</i> regulates shoot apical meristem formation (2001)

In higher plants, molecular mechanisms regulating shoot apical meristem (SAM) formation and organ separation are largely unknown. The CUC1 (CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON1) and CUC2 are functionally redundant genes that are involved in these processes. We cloned the CUC1 gene by a map-based approach, and found that it encodes a NAC-domain protein highly homologous to CUC2. CUC1 mRNA was detected in the presumptive SAM during embryogenesis, and at the boundaries between floral organ primordia. Surprisingly, overexpression of CUC1 was sufficient to induce adventitious shoots on the adaxial surface of cotyledons. Expression analyses in the overexpressor and in loss-of-function mutants suggest that CUC1 acts upstream of the SHOOT MERISTEMLESS gene.
Parametric study on pole geometry and thermal effects of a VRSM (2005)

The variable-reluctance spherical motor (VRSM), which offers some attractive features by combining pitch, roll, and yaw motions in a single joint, is essentially a brushless, direct-drive actuator. Unlike a multi-axes actuating mechanism where the number of electrical inputs typically equal to its number of controllable degrees of freedom, the VRSM offers a large number of distributed electrical inputs as compared to the number of controllable DOF. Since larger number of small coils is used, it not only effectively increases the surface area for heat dissipation, but also allows a small amount of current to flow through each of the coils. This distributed actuation offers an effective means to overcome heat dissipation problems commonly associated with direct-drive actuators for high torque applications. To exploit the advantages offered by this unique feature that provides a greater flexibility in design and control, a good understanding of the key parameters that could significantly influence the motor performance is essential. For this reason, we present in this paper some results of a detailed parametric study on the effects of pole geometry on the thermal and torque performance of a three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) VRSM.
Imaging applications of millimeter wave sensors in robotics and road traffic (2002)

Many tasks that can be fulfilled by millimeter wave sensors are in principle the solution to 2-D or 3-D imaging problems. After a recapitulation of the basics of obtaining 3-D resolution in spatial frequency domain the various methods of obtaining longitudinal resolution such as pulse, pulsed FM, FMCW and PN modulation are discussed as well as principles to achieve lateral resolution in one or two dimensions. The corresponding methods of mechanical beam scanning, phased array antennas, wavefront reconstruction or digital beam forming are reviewed with respect to sensor applications. Advanced methods of using a transmitter antenna diversity to efficiently use a given array of a limited number of receiver antennas are described according to this scheme. Most of the principles are underlined by examples of systems which have been realized at TUM. All systems parameters related to spatial resolution can be efficiently characterized and compared in spatial frequency domain.
The Utilization of Hydrocarbons by Microorganisms (1962)

The Utilization of Hydrocarbons by Microorganisms Get access Koichi Yamada, Koichi Yamada Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Joji Takahashi, Joji Takahashi Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kaetsu Kobayashi Kaetsu Kobayashi Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 26, Issue 9, 1 September 1962, Page 636, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1962.10858022 Published: 01 September 1962 Article history Received: 26 July 1962 Published: 01 September 1962
Adiabatic population transfer in a three-level system driven by delayed laser pulses (1989)

We give a simple analytic solution that describes a novel method for population transfer in a three-level system driven by delayed pulses and which accounts for recent experimental results. This solution describes a procedure that is counterintuitive, and yet it is shown to be, in fact, one of the simplest solutions for multilevel systems arising from the adiabatic theorem. Its possible application to many-level systems is suggested.
Introduction (2008)

Abstract This introductory chapter presents the key issues to be examined in the book, in particular the tension between the claim that governmental power is generated from the ‘consent of the people’ and the claim that for such power to be effective, it must be divided, constrained, and exercised through distinctive institutional forms. It explains that the essays that follow are divided into three main sections. Part I considers the historical emergence of the idea of constituent power in modern European thought and practice. Part II examines a range of theoretical perspectives on the nature of the relationship. Part III evaluates the continuing importance and (possible) reconfiguration of this relationship in the light of a series of contemporary issues of a constitutional nature. An overview of the key themes developed in these essays is provided.
Using Opioid Analgesics to Manage Chronic Noncancer Pain in Primary Care (1999)

The World Health Organization has published a "three-step ladder" guide to treatment of cancer pain graded from mild to severe; this guide can be readily applied to the treatment of pain from all sources. Opioid analgesics are the mainstay of treatment for moderate to severe pain. Chronic pain patients offer some difficult challenges for busy primary care physicians. The unique pharmacologic characteristics of opioid medications are important in outpatient management. A four-sheet office management protocol helps to focus efficiently on important clinical issues related to pain control, to monitor for opiate abuse, and to incorporate pain management more effectively in the overall primary care plan of the patient.
Corn Yield Response to Nitrogen at Multiple In-Field Locations (2002)

Improving N management for corn (Zea mays L.) production with precision agriculture technologies requires that spatial N recommendations adequately represent in-field variability in N availability. Our objective was to evaluate corn response to increasing N rates in several in-field locations that represented the range of soil organic matter (OM) content in the field. In a 2-yr study, three center pivot–irrigated fields were selected in south-central Kansas and south-central Nebraska. Four or five locations were selected within each field. At each location, five or six N treatments (0–336 kg N ha−1) were surface-applied early in the growing season. The minimum N rate to achieve maximum yield varied by as much as 130 kg N ha−1 among in-field locations at three site-years. The least amount of N to achieve maximum yield did not coincide with locations representing greater soil OM. Yield response at two site-years was the same among in-field locations; however, mean yield among in-field locations varied by as much as 4.2 Mg ha−1, representing potential for improvement in N use efficiency. Leaf tissue N was below the critical threshold for 60 to 100% of observations at three different in-field locations but below the critical threshold for <35% of the observations at all other in-field locations. The reason for the discrepancy in N availability among in-field locations was not conclusively identified but was not only related to soil OM content. Variable N recommendations based only on soil OM is too simplistic to reflect variability in N availability within a field.