gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2011 Focused Update of 2009 American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update on Chemotherapy for Stage IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2011)

In patients with stage IV NSCLC, first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy should be stopped at disease progression or after four cycles in patients whose disease is stable but not responding to treatment. Two-drug cytotoxic combinations should be administered for no more than six cycles. For those with stable disease or response after four cycles, immediate treatment with an alternative, single-agent chemotherapy such as pemetrexed in patients with nonsquamous histology, docetaxel in unselected patients, or erlotinib in unselected patients may be considered. Limitations of this data are such that a break from cytotoxic chemotherapy after a fixed course is also acceptable, with initiation of second-line chemotherapy at disease progression.
High coulomb triggered vacuum flashover switch (2002)

As high energy pulsed power sources become more compact, switching components are needed which complement the reduced size energy store while maintaining high discharge capability previously performed by several individual switches. This paper discusses an operational triggered vacuum switch which holds off voltages to 20 kV for several minutes duration. It can be triggered reliably over a range from 2 kV to 20 kV, discharges at peak current as high as 1 MA, and operates with a charge transfer of up to 50 coulombs for hundreds of discharges without requiring maintenance. Triggering is accomplished by irradiating a dielectric flashover surface from a low voltage (2-5 kV) spark source. Triggering delay is less than 600 ns at 10 kV or higher. The switch design is derived from an earlier high power vacuum flashover switch prototype originally developed as a 40 kV isolation switch within a closed vacuum inductive energy store. Modifications include re-design of the flashover dielectric to serve both as a vacuum enclosure and discharge cable support, reduction of the number of vacuum to atmospheric interface surfaces to improve sealing, use of aluminum electrodes with ceramic lining to reduce size and weight while minimizing conductor erosion during discharge and designing small expendable electrode inserts for simple, low cost replacement. The switch is used routinely in applications including operation of a 56 kJ, 700 kA magnetic swager for forming high current cable terminations, where discharge occurs at approximately 5 minute intervals.
Heterozygous mutations of <i><scp>HTRA</scp>1</i> gene in patients with familial cerebral small vessel disease (2017)

Our observation further supports the pathogenic role of the heterozygous HTRA1 mutations in familial SVD.
Sharing with Live Migration Energy Optimization Scheduler for Cloud Computing Data Centers (2018)

The cloud-computing concept has emerged as a powerful mechanism for data storage by providing a suitable platform for data centers. Recent studies show that the energy consumption of cloud computing systems is a key issue. Therefore, we should reduce the energy consumption to satisfy performance requirements, minimize power consumption, and maximize resource utilization. This paper introduces a novel algorithm that could allocate resources in a cloud-computing environment based on an energy optimization method called Sharing with Live Migration (SLM). In this scheduler, we used the Cloud-Sim toolkit to manage the usage of virtual machines (VMs) based on a novel algorithm that learns and predicts the similarity between the tasks, and then allocates each of them to a suitable VM. On the other hand, SLM satisfies the Quality of Services (QoS) constraints of the hosted applications by adopting a migration process. The experimental results show that the algorithm exhibits better performance, while saving power and minimizing the processing time. Therefore, the SLM algorithm demonstrates improved virtual machine efficiency and resource utilization compared to an adapted state-of-the-art algorithm for a similar problem.
Organic Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

A simple and versatile process to achieve covalent functionalization at the endcaps and sidewalls of carbon nanotubes is presented. The reaction is based on the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. Various functional groups can be attached and the modified nanotubes have shown interesting applications in biology or materials science.
Blood-Borne Amyloid-β Dimer Correlates with Clinical Markers of Alzheimer's Disease (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related dementia. Unfortunately due to a lack of validated biomarkers definitive diagnosis relies on the histological demonstration of amyloid-beta (Abeta) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Abeta processing is implicated in AD progression and many therapeutic strategies target various aspects of this biology. While Abeta deposition is the most prominent feature of AD, oligomeric forms of Abeta have been implicated as the toxic species inducing the neuronal dysfunction. Currently there are no methods allowing routine monitoring of levels of such species in living populations. We have used surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry incorporating antibody capture to investigate whether the cellular membrane-containing fraction of blood provides a new source of biomarkers. There are significant differences in the mass spectra profiles of AD compared with HC subjects, with significantly higher levels of Abeta monomer and dimer in the blood of AD subjects. Furthermore, levels of these species correlated with clinical markers of AD including brain Abeta burden, cognitive impairment and brain atrophy. These results indicate that fundamental biochemical events relevant to AD can be monitored in blood, and that the species detected may be useful clinical biomarkers for AD.
Ray Tracing Dynamic Scenes with Shadows on the GPU (2010)

We present fast ray tracing of dynamic scenes in this paper with primary and shadow rays. We present a GPUfriendly strategy to bring coherency to shadow rays, based on previous work on grids as acceleration structures. We introduce indirect mapping of threads to rays to improve the performance of ray tracing on GPU for the traversal and intersection steps. We also construct a light frustum in a spherical space for shadow rays. A grid structure is constructed each frame for the light frustum and traversed coherently. This involves careful mapping of the primary ray information to the light space and balancing the work load of the threads. Using the finegrained parallelism of GPU, we reorder the shadow rays to make them coherent and process multiple thread blocks to each cell to balance the work load. Spherical mapping is key to handling light sources placed anywhere in the scene by reducing the triangle count and improving performance in shadow checking. In addition it also allows us to introduce spotlights in raytracing. In practice, we attain interactive performance for moderately large models which change dynamically in the scene.
Potency and Bactericidal Activity of Iclaprim against Recent Clinical Gram-Positive Isolates (2009)

The in vitro activity of iclaprim, a novel diaminopyrimidine derivative, was evaluated against 5,937 recent gram-positive clinical isolates collected in the United States and Europe. Iclaprim demonstrated potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]), beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp., and Enterococcus faecalis strains tested. In addition, iclaprim exhibited bactericidal activity against all S. aureus strains tested, including MRSA.
Two-Antenna SAR With Waveform Diversity for Ground Moving Target Indication (2014)

Along-track interferometry (ATI) and displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) are two representative synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ground moving target indication (GMTI) techniques. However, the former is a clutter-limited detector, whereas the latter is a noise-limited detector. In this letter, we propose a two-antenna SAR with waveform diversity for GMTI. The two antennas placed in the azimuth dimension simultaneously transmit two orthogonal waveforms, namely, the up- and down-chirp waveforms. In doing so, four independent transmit-receive channels are obtained for the receiver, and thus, an efficient GMTI is developed by cooperatively utilizing the ATI GMTI and DPCA GMTI processing techniques. This method first uses the DPCA technique to cancel clutter and then the ATI technique to suppress noise. Next, the fractional Fourier transform is employed to estimate the Doppler parameters and corresponding reference filters are designed to focus the moving targets. The proposed approach cooperatively utilizes the advantages of ATI and DPCA GMTI techniques and overcomes their disadvantages. It does not prerequire knowledge of the target's across-track velocity. The effectiveness is verified by simulation results.
Sign Retroreflectivity - A Minnesota Toolkit (2010)

The Minnesota LRRB has developed a Sign Retroreflectivity Toolkit that is designed to provide local governments, especially small cities and townships, with guidance on FHWA’s sign retroreflectivity deadlines as well as resources they can use to meet these deadlines. This toolkit focuses primarily on FHWA’s first deadline: By January 2012: Agencies must establish and implement a sign assessment or management method to maintain minimum levels of sign retro reflectivity. The toolkit includes a variety of resources: (1) County Letter - Letter to be sent by County Engineers to small local agencies within their county, to notify them of requirements and resources; (2) Other Agency Letter - Letter to be sent by other agencies as a follow-up to the County letter, to stress the importance of addressing FHWA requirements; (3) MN MUTCD Requirements; (4) Summary of FHWA guides: Methods for Maintaining Traffic Sign Retroreflectivity and Know Your Retro2007. Appendix A: Examples of Sign Inventory/Inspection Forms, Appendix B: Examples of Sign Inspection/Replacement Policies/Procedures, Appendix C: Examples of Sign Management Agreements. The letters provided in this report can be downloaded from the LRRB website (See URL above) in electronic Microsoft Word format, so that agencies can edit them for their specific situation. All Blank forms can be downloaded at: http://www.lrrb.org/pdf/2010RIC02_All Blank Forms.xlsx.
Mouse-adapted MERS coronavirus causes lethal lung disease in human DPP4 knockin mice (2017)

The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) emerged in Saudi Arabia in 2012, caused by a zoonotically transmitted coronavirus (CoV). Over 1,900 cases have been reported to date, with ∼36% fatality rate. Lack of autopsies from MERS cases has hindered understanding of MERS-CoV pathogenesis. A small animal model that develops progressive pulmonary manifestations when infected with MERS-CoV would advance the field. As mice are restricted to infection at the level of DPP4, the MERS-CoV receptor, we generated mice with humanized exons 10-12 of the mouse <i>Dpp4</i> locus. Upon inoculation with MERS-CoV, human DPP4 knockin (KI) mice supported virus replication in the lungs, but developed no illness. After 30 serial passages through the lungs of KI mice, a mouse-adapted virus emerged (MERS<sub>MA</sub>) that grew in lungs to over 100 times higher titers than the starting virus. A plaque-purified MERS<sub>MA</sub> clone caused weight loss and fatal infection. Virus antigen was observed in airway epithelia, pneumocytes, and macrophages. Pathologic findings included diffuse alveolar damage with pulmonary edema and hyaline membrane formation associated with accumulation of activated inflammatory monocyte-macrophages and neutrophils in the lungs. Relative to the parental MERS-CoV, MERS<sub>MA</sub> viruses contained 13-22 mutations, including several within the spike (S) glycoprotein gene. S-protein mutations sensitized viruses to entry-activating serine proteases and conferred more rapid entry kinetics. Recombinant MERS<sub>MA</sub> bearing mutant S proteins were more virulent than the parental virus in hDPP4 KI mice. The hDPP4 KI mouse and the MERS<sub>MA</sub> provide tools to investigate disease causes and develop new therapies.
A Mobile Liquid Venting Membrane Separator for Carbon Dioxide, Humidity, and Waste Heat Removal from Spacesuits and Manned Spacecraft (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Current spacesuit life support systems use consumable absorbents for carbon dioxide and odor control, condensing heat exchangers and high-speed rotary separators for humidity control, and easily-contaminated water-ice sublimators for waste heat removal, resulting in complex hardware with high consumables/power usage and maintenance. The Mobile Liquid Venting Membrane Separator (VMS) performs these life support functions with low logistics penalties. It exploits pressure-swing absorption and temperature-controlled evaporation to transport carbon dioxide, humidity, odor, and waste heat to space vacuum. The Mobile Liquid VMS removes carbon dioxide, humidity, and odors from air by absorption into a hydrophilic liquid circulating around a solvent loop. Waste heat is transferred from thermal sources into the solvent loop through a heat exchanger. Carbon dioxide and odors are desorbed and water is evaporated from the solvent loop to space vacuum via a flow-control valve; net water lost from the loop is replaced from a reservoir. Since the Mobile Liquid VMS uses a working fluid with very low oxygen and nitrogen solubility, air loss to vacuum is negligible. Since carbon dioxide and water vapor are vented to space vacuum and not processed exothermally within the spacesuit, it significantly lowers heat load and cooling water usage. The air/liquid and liquid/vacuum interfaces in the Mobile Liquid VMS are formed by microporous hydrophobic hollow fiber modules (HFMs). Solvent liquid flows through thousands of hollow fibers and gases are transferred to/from this liquid through the microporous fiber walls; the hydrophilic solvent does not enter the pores of the hydrophobic fiber wall material. These HFMs have very high volume-specific surface area, resulting in high gas-liquid mass transfer rates in a minimal volume. The Mobile Liquid VMS has been tested for over 200 hours at a laboratory scale and has demonstrated carbon dioxide, humidity, and waste heat removal capability. Calculation indicates that it should also remove all expected odors from spacesuit air, but this capability has not been demonstrated to date.</div>
Block-wise lensless compressive camera (2017)

The existing lensless compressive camera (L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) [1] suffers from low capture rates, resulting in low resolution images when acquired over a short time. In this work, we propose a new regime to mitigate these drawbacks. We replace the global-based compressive sensing used in the existing L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> by the local block (patch) based compressive sensing. We use a single sensor for each block, rather than for the entire image, thus forming a multiple but spatially parallel sensor L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . This new camera retains the advantages of existing L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> while leading to the additional benefits of fast acquisition, real time reconstruction, and the flexibility to image size. We develop multiple geometries of this block-wise L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in this paper. We have built prototypes of the proposed blockwise L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and demonstrated excellent results of real data.
The role of mobile protons in negative ion CID of oligosaccharides (2007)

Carbohydrates of all classes consist of glycoform mixtures built on common core units. Determination of compositions and structures of such mixtures relies heavily on tandem mass spectrometric data. Analysis of native glycans is often necessary for samples available in very low quantities and for sulfated glycan classes. Negative tandem mass spectrometry (MS) provides useful product ion profiles for neutral oligosaccharides and is preferred for acidic classes. In previous work from this laboratory, site-specific influences of sialylation on product ion profiles in the negative mode were elucidated. The present results show how the interplay of two other acidic groups, uronic acids and sulfates, determines product ion patterns for chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides. Unsulfated chondroitin oligosaccharides dissociate to form C-type ions almost exclusively. Chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides produce abundant B- and Y-type ions from glycosidic bond cleavage with C- and Z-types in low abundances. These observations are explained in terms of competing proton transfer reactions that occur during the collisional heating process. Mechanisms for product ion formation are proposed based on tandem mass spectra and the abundances of product ions as a function of collision energy.
Development of Slim Speaker for Use in Flat TVs (2012)

Slim designs have become one of the main concerns in the development of flat digital televisions (TVs). The speaker dimensions play an important role in determining the total thickness of a TV. Conventional slim speakers contain two circular magnetic circuits. This design limits the speaker width and thereby affects the performance. This paper presents a novel slim speaker that aims at reducing the frame limitations. Electrodynamic analyses for conventional and novel designs are conducted by using finite element method (FEM). Optimization of novel design is operated by design of experiment (DOE) method and the response surface methodology (RSM). As a result, the slim speaker width has been decreased by 12.5%. Rated sensitivity of A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) is selected to characterize the acoustic performance. The simulations and experiments reveal that the rated sensitivity shows an increase of 1.6 dBA compared to conventional slim speakers.
The Impact of E-Services Failures and Customer Complaints on Electronic Commerce Customer Relationship Management (2003)

Handling customer complaints has become a strategic concern in electronic commerce Customer Relationship Management (e-CRM). The purposes of this study are to (a) explore the major causes of customer complaints, comparing online and in-store environments, and (b) examine how customer complaints are differently perceived based on the types of service failures. The Justice Dimensions with Complaint Handling framework proposed by Tax, Brown, and Chandrashekaran (1998) are applied in this study for the classification of e-service failure types. The data were collected from online customer feedback publicized on Internet websites and the shopping log data reported by selected consumer panels. The research identified that the impact of service failure with the justice dimension affects customers&apos; propensity to complain in the online shopping environment. Further, the study emphasizes that successful service management is the core of e-commerce customer relationship management (e-CRM).
Design and implementation of a web-based real-time interactive collaboration environment (2004)

WWW becomes the most popular application platform due to its user friendly multimedia user interface. In this work, we design and implement a Web-based Real-time Interactive Collaboration Environment (WRICE) on the Internet. The goal of the work is to design an efficient and friendly network environment to ease the collaboration activities through the Internet. There are three important features implemented in our system, the first one is a user friendly interaction interface through synchronized free drawing and real-time video/audio stream, the second one is a scalable architecture that improves the multicast performance for multimedia content, and the third one is a web-based architecture with a variety of optional features, which are installation free from the standpoint of users.
Prospects for chiral nonlinear optical media (2001)

This paper describes the development and optimization of chiral, nonpolar media with large second-order nonlinear optical responses. We employ molecular engineering, quantum-mechanical sum-over-states theory, and measurements of molecular hyperpolarizability by means of Kleinman-disallowed hyper-Rayleigh scattering in order to understand molecular properties. Then we analyze the appropriate arrangement of the chromophores that produce an optimum axial nonlinear optical medium. Chromophores with large Kleinman disallowed traceless symmetric second-rank tensor hyperpolarizabilities /spl beta/ can be aligned so as to result in large susceptibilities /spl chi//sup (2)/ in structures that lack polar order. We found that /spl Lambda/-shaped chromophores with C/sub 2v/ or similar symmetry are good candidates for these materials, as they can exhibit large second-rank components of the hyperpolarizability tensor. A wide variety of techniques can be used to fabricate bulk materials belonging to the chiral nonpolar symmetry groups D/sub /spl infin// and D/sub 2/. The microscopic chromophore alignment schemes that optimize the nonlinear optical response in such materials are deduced from general symmetry consideration for both molecules and bulk. We also speculate on the possible application of such materials as high-bandwidth spatial light modulators.
[The efficacy and safety of pemetrexed as monotherapy for Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. (2010)

Our study suggests that treatment with pemetrexed may be well-tolerated and beneficial for some Chinese patients after failure of prior chemotherapy. The rate of disease control is high and the frequency of 3/4 grade AEs is very low.
Event Logs for the Analysis of Software Failures: A Rule-Based Approach (2012)

Event logs have been widely used over the last three decades to analyze the failure behavior of a variety of systems. Nevertheless, the implementation of the logging mechanism lacks a systematic approach and collected logs are often inaccurate at reporting software failures: This is a threat to the validity of log-based failure analysis. This paper analyzes the limitations of current logging mechanisms and proposes a rule-based approach to make logs effective to analyze software failures. The approach leverages artifacts produced at system design time and puts forth a set of rules to formalize the placement of the logging instructions within the source code. The validity of the approach, with respect to traditional logging mechanisms, is shown by means of around 12,500 software fault injection experiments into real-world systems.