gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the weight distribution of the coset leaders of the first-order Reed - Muller code (Corresp.) (1987)

Let <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\alpha_{n}</tex> denote the number of cosets with minimum weight <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(2^{m}, m + 1)</tex> Reed-Muller code. The <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\alpha_{n}</tex> for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^{m-2} \leq n < 2^{m-2} + 2^{m - 4}</tex> is determined.
Circular of the Bureau of Standards no. 478: (1950)

The judgment of color permeates our industrial life. The farmer finds his vege- tables and fruits often graded and priced according to color. Raw wool, cotton, and silk are graded and priced according to color. Only in this way can the textile manufacturer produce goods of uniform color at a price low enough to sell. Oils and resins used for paint have their colors measured with extreme care, and pigments and dyes likewise. Poor quality edible oils (cottonseed, cocoanut, olive, peanut) can often be detected by color ; and light-colored cooking oils bring a premium price apart from quality because bakers know they can sell the resulting light-colored cakes and pies without any trouble.
Childhood obesity, prevalence and prevention (2005)

Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in developed countries. Twenty five percent of children in the US are overweight and 11% are obese. Overweight and obesity in childhood are known to have significant impact on both physical and psychological health. The mechanism of obesity development is not fully understood and it is believed to be a disorder with multiple causes. Environmental factors, lifestyle preferences, and cultural environment play pivotal roles in the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide. In general, overweight and obesity are assumed to be the results of an increase in caloric and fat intake. On the other hand, there are supporting evidence that excessive sugar intake by soft drink, increased portion size, and steady decline in physical activity have been playing major roles in the rising rates of obesity all around the world. Consequently, both over-consumption of calories and reduced physical activity are involved in childhood obesity. Almost all researchers agree that prevention could be the key strategy for controlling the current epidemic of obesity. Prevention may include primary prevention of overweight or obesity, secondary prevention or prevention of weight regains following weight loss, and avoidance of more weight increase in obese persons unable to lose weight. Until now, most approaches have focused on changing the behaviour of individuals in diet and exercise. It seems, however, that these strategies have had little impact on the growing increase of the obesity epidemic. While about 50% of the adults are overweight and obese in many countries, it is difficult to reduce excessive weight once it becomes established. Children should therefore be considered the priority population for intervention strategies. Prevention may be achieved through a variety of interventions targeting built environment, physical activity, and diet. Some of these potential strategies for intervention in children can be implemented by targeting preschool institutions, schools or after-school care services as natural setting for influencing the diet and physical activity. All in all, there is an urgent need to initiate prevention and treatment of obesity in children.
Current Trends in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2009)

In 2006, a survey regarding anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction was mailed to physician members of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. A total of 993 responses were received from 1747 possible respondents (57%). The number of ACL reconstructions per year ranged from 1 to 275 (mean=55). The most important factors in the timing of surgery were knee range of motion and effusion. Bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autograft was most commonly preferred (46%), followed by hamstring tendon autograft (32%) and allografts (22%). Five years earlier, BPTB grafts were more frequent and hamstring tendon and allografts were less frequent (63%, 25%, and 12%, respectively). A single-incision arthroscopic technique was used by 90%. Most allowed return to full activity at 5 to 6 months, with a trend toward earlier return for BPTB grafts; quadriceps strength was an important factor in the decision. There was limited experience (4%) with double-bundle and computer-assisted ACL reconstruction. Arthroscopic-assisted, single-incision reconstruction using a BPTB autograft fixed with metal interference screws remains the most common technique used for primary ACL reconstruction. In the past 5 years, the use of alternative graft sources and methods of fixation has increased. Consensus regarding the best graft type, fixation method, and postoperative protocol is still lacking.
Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Minorities in the United States (1996)

Diabetes should be treated as a public health problem for minority populations.
Activator effect of coinjected enhancers on the muscle‐specific expression of promoters in zebrafish embryos (1997)

The transient expression of reporter gene constructs in embryos provides a powerful tool to characterise cis-acting transcriptional elements of the genes involved in development. In the present study, we have analysed the expression pattern of several muscle-specific and ubiquitous regulatory sequences in microinjected zebrafish embryos. By using a fast and reproducible coinjection strategy, the mosaic expression of lacZ reporter gene was monitored in wholemount embryos injected with sequences containing putative enhancer elements and a carp myosin heavy chain promoter/lacZ reporter construct. We have found that a 0.9-kb myosin heavy chain (MyHC) proximal promoter containing several putative myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) binding sites is sufficient to restrict lacZ expression to the skeletal muscle fibres of prim-6 stage zebrafish embryos. Expression of a rat-derived foetal myosin light chain enhancer (MyLC) and different fragments of a carp β-actin regulatory region together with the MyHC promoter were compared by accumulating the type, number and spatial distribution of β-galactosidase-expressing cells on an expression map. β-galactosidase activity increased similarly whether the MyLC enhancer was ligated to the promoter/reporter construct directly or when coinjected as a separate fragment whilst skeletal muscle specificity was retained. The coinjection of two different forms of the β-actin regulatory elements also showed a marked effect on the MyHC promoter activity. The coinjection of putative enhancers with minimal promoter constructs and subsequent analysis of the transient expression pattern in the developing embryos provides a rapid and simple technique to identify cis acting activator elements of genes expressed in the vertebrate embryo. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 47:404–412, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reactions of gallium(<scp>III</scp>) chloride with Li[E(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>](E = Si or Ge): crystal structure of (R<sub>3</sub>Ge)ClGa(µ-OEt)<sub>2</sub>GaCl(GeR<sub>3</sub>)(R = SiMe<sub>3</sub>) (1996)

Reactions of Li(ER3)(thf)x(E = Si or Ge, R = SiMe3, thf = tetrahydrofuran) with gallium(III) chloride were carried out in diethyl ether with 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 stoichiometries. The 1 : 1 reactions gave products that decomposed upon recrystallization from pentane or drying in vacuo. The NMR spectra were consistent with a mixture of Li[R3SiGaCl3](thf)4(major) and GaCl2(SiR3)·thf (minor) in the case of E = Si and GaCl2(GeR3)·thf for E = Ge. The 2 : 1 E = Ge reactions gave a mixture of two products exhibiting needle and plate crystal morphologies. The NMR spectra and a partial structure determination identified the former as Li[R3GeGaCl3](thf)4. A full structure determination of the latter showed it to be the diethoxy-bridged dimer, (R3Ge)ClGa(µ-OEt)2GaCl(GeR3). The latter product is thought to result from cleavage of the ether solvent by either Ga2Cl6 or the intermediate gallium complex. Possible pathways are discussed.
Ag−Au−Ag Heterometallic Nanorods Formed through Directed Anisotropic Growth (2008)

The Ag−Au−Ag heterometallic nanorods were synthesized epitaxially though directed anisotropic overgrowth from multiply twinned gold decahedrons and rods. The silver segments were stoichiometrically converted to Ag2S by reaction with sulfide ions, generating Ag2S−Au−Ag2S heterojunction nanorods.
Surface Functionalization of Ordered Mesoporous CarbonsA Comparative Study (2005)

Hexagonally structured mesoporous carbons C15 and CMK-5 and cubically structured carbon C48 were synthesized using ordered silica SBA-15 and MCM-48 as templates and carbon precursors of different structures. The surfaces of these ordered carbons were chemically functionalized by employing an approach, in which the selected diazonium compounds were in situ generated and reacted with the carbon frameworks of the mesoporous carbons. The aromatic organic molecules containing chlorine, ester, and alkyl groups were covalently attached to the surface of these ordered mesoporous carbons. The presence of functional groups on the modified carbons was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption. The BET-specific surface area and the pore width of ordered carbons were significantly reduced, whereas the primary structure of these ordered carbons and their unit cells were intact. Basically, the density of grafted functional groups is related to the specific surface area of the sample, particularly the surface area of mesopores. The surface functionalization reaction takes place only on the external surface of carbon C15, while it occurs on both of the internal and external surface of CMK-5 carbon with the nanopipe structure. The presence of the micropores in CMK-5 carbon should be responsible for its lower grafting density because the small micropores are inaccessible in the reaction. It was also proposed that the preferred adsorption/reaction in C48 may be related to the observed unsymmetrical degradation of the XRD patterns for the functionalized C48 samples. The chemical modification process considerably reduced the primary mesopores in these ordered carbons by approximately 1-1.5 nm, affording carbons with micropores in the cases of C15 and C48, and mixed micropores and small mesopores in the case of CMK-5. A grafting density of approximately 0.9-1.5 micromol/m(2) was achieved under current research.
Lipid Raft Targeting of Hematopoietic Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase by Protein Kinase C θ-Mediated Phosphorylation (2006)

Protein kinase C theta (PKC theta) is unique among PKC isozymes in its translocation to the center of the immune synapse in T cells and its unique downstream signaling. Here we show that the hematopoietic protein tyrosine phosphatase (HePTP) also accumulates in the immune synapse in a PKC theta-dependent manner upon antigen recognition by T cells and is phosphorylated by PKC theta at Ser-225, which is required for lipid raft translocation. Immune synapse translocation was completely absent in antigen-specific T cells from PKC theta-/- mice. In intact T cells, HePTP-S225A enhanced T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced NFAT/AP-1 transactivation, while the acidic substitution mutant was as efficient as wild-type HePTP. We conclude that HePTP is phosphorylated in the immune synapse by PKC theta and thereby targeted to lipid rafts to temper TCR signaling. This represents a novel mechanism for the active immune synapse recruitment and activation of a phosphatase in TCR signaling.
Evaluation of a Real-Time PCR Assay Quantifying the Ruminal Pool Size and Duodenal Flow of Protozoal Nitrogen (2005)

We have recently developed a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to quantify copies of the genes encoding protozoal 18S rRNA. The assay includes procedures for isolating and concentrating protozoal cells from the rumen for use as a standard to convert 18S rRNA gene copies to a biomass basis. The current objectives were to 1) determine the degree of reduction of bacterial contamination in the protozoal standard, 2) determine if protozoal standards derived from ruminal fluid are appropriate for predicting duodenal flows, and 3) evaluate the assay's determined values for protozoal N in the rumen and flowing to the duodenum compared with independent measurements. Our protozoal collection method reduced non-associated bacterial contamination by 33-fold, the contamination of which could otherwise significantly bias RNA (microbial marker) and N percentages of concentrated protozoal fractions. Based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, the use of protozoal cells isolated from ruminal fluid appears appropriate for use in quantitative assays determining protozoal N flow postruminally. Using real-time PCR, protozoal N was determined to be 4.8 and 12.7% of the rumen microbial N pool and 5.9 and 11.9% of the duodenal flow of microbial N on diets containing low (16%) or high (21%) forage neutral detergent fiber, respectively, which were comparable with independent measures and expectations.
Prächirurgische Epilepsiediagnostik und operative Epilepsietherapie (2002)

Ca. 30-50 % aller Patienten mit fokalen Epilepsien leiden an medikamentös therapierefraktären Anfällen. Viele dieser Patienten können durch einen epilepsiechirurgischen Eingriff, bei dem die Hirnregion, von der die Anfälle ihren Ausgang nehmen (epileptogene Zone), reseziert wird, geheilt werden. In Österreich leben ca. 2500-3000 Patienten, die von einem derartigen epilepsiechirurgischen Eingriff profitieren können, wobei jährlich 150 neue Patienten hinzukommen. Die Auswahl von geeigneten Patienten erfolgt im Rahmen der präoperativen Epilepsie-Diagnostik, wobei in einer nichtinvasiven Phase I ein prolongiertes Video-EEG-Monitoring mittels Oberflächen-EEG, eine hochauflösende Kernspintomographie, eine SPECT- und/oder PET-Untersuchung, eine neuropsychologische Testung und fakultativ ein Wada-Test durchgeführt werden. Falls mit diesen Untersuchungen keine konklusive Lokalisation der epileptogenen Zone möglich ist, müssen in einer Phase II invasive elektrophysiologische Methoden (epidurale Peg-Elektroden, Foramen-ovale-Elektroden, stereotaktisch implantierte Tiefenelektroden, subdurale Streifen- oder Plattenelektroden) zur Anwendung gebracht werden. An operativen Strategien stehen für die Temporallappenepilepsien die antero-mesiale Temporallappenresektion und die selektive Amygdala-Hippokampektomie, für die extratemporalen Epilepsien kortikale Resektionen, die sich nach strukturellen und elektrophysiologischen Befunden richten, zur Verfügung. Die Methode der multiplen, subpialen Transsektionen ermöglicht die Behandlung von Anfällen, die von essentiellen Hirnregionen ihren Ausgang nehmen. Epilepsien im frühen Kindesalter mit katastrophalem Verlauf werden oft durch ausgedehnten Pathologien im Bereich einer Hemisphäre verursacht und können dann durch große, multilobäre Resektionen oder Hemisphärektomien erfolgreich behandelt werden. Bei 70 % der Patienten kann durch einen epilepsiechirurgischen Eingriff Anfallsfreiheit erzielt werden, sodaß die Epilepsiechirurgie als effektive und sichere Behandlungsmethode von Patienten mit therapieresistenten fokalen Epilepsien bezeichnet werden kann.
Derivatives of Fluorene. II. 9-Arylimino Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Fluorene. II. 9-Arylimino Compounds1MURRAY E. TAYLOR and T. LLOYD FLETCHERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 5, 523–527Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01111a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01111a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection in Pediatrics (2015)

This review includes the main pediatric studies published from April 2014 to March 2015. The host response of Treg cells with increases in FOXP3 and TGF-β1 combined with a reduction in IFN-γ by Teff cells may contribute to Helicobacter pylori susceptibility in children. Genotypic variability in H. pylori strains influences the clinical manifestation of the infection. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with variables indicative of a crowded environment and poor living conditions, while breast-feeding has a protective effect. Intrafamilial infection, especially from mother to children and from sibling to sibling, is the dominant transmission route. Studies showed conflicting results regarding the association between H. pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia. One study suggests that H. pylori eradication plays a role in the management of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura in H. pylori-infected children and adolescents. The prevalence of H. pylori was higher in chronic urticaria patients than in controls and, following H. pylori eradication, urticarial symptoms disappeared. An inverse relationship between H. pylori infection and allergic disease was reported. Antibiotic resistance and insufficient compliance to treatment limit the efficacy of eradication therapy. Sequential therapy had no advantage over standard triple therapy. In countries where H. pylori infection is prevalent, studies focusing on virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility may provide anticipation of the prognosis and may be helpful to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Alternative Software Stacks for OGSA-based Grids (2005)

The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) has been a major step forward for Grid Computing, but its de facto reliance on the Web Services Resource Framework (WSRF) and WS-Notification have left some in the community questioning if the Grid software and protocols have become too complex. In this paper, we consider the feasibility of an "alternative" software stack, based on WS-Transfer and WS-Eventing. We compare and evaluate WSRF/WS-Notification vs. WS-Transfer/WSEventing, first via a "hello world" service and then via a more complete Grid scenario for remote execution called "Grid-in-a-Box". By qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating each approach, we find that while subtle differences exist (e.g., the naming of resources, the creation of resources), the stacks are overwhelmingly equivalent in their functionality and implied performance. Overall, this paper uniquely shows that there could be alternative software stacks for OGSA-based Grids.
Mechanoluminescence, photoluminescence and thermoluminescence studies of SrZrO3:Ce phosphor (2014)

The present paper reports the synthesis and characterization, photoluminescence thermoluminescence and mechanoluminescence studies of Ce3+ doped SrZrO3 phosphors. The effects of variable concentration of Cerium on meachanoluminescence (ML) and photoluminescence behavior were studied. The samples were prepared by combustion a synthesis technique which is suitable for less time taking techniques also for large scale production for phosphors. The starting material used for sample preparation are Sr(NO3)3, Zr(NO3)3 XH2O and Ce(NO3)3 6H2O and urea used as a fuel. The prepared sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) with variable concentration of Ce (0.05–0.5 mol%). There is no any phase change found with increase the concentration of Ce. Sample shows orthorhombic structure and the particle size calculated by Scherer's formula. The surface morphology of prepared phosphor was determined by field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM) technique. Mechanoluminescence studies on SrZrO3phosphors doped with Ce and underwent an impulsive deformation with an impact of a piston for Mechanoluminescence (ML) investigations. Temporal characteristics in order to investigate about the luminescence centre responsible for ML peak, increasing impact velocity causes more number of electrons will be ionized to reach to the conduction band so there will be more number of electrons available to be recombined at recombination or luminescence centre. In photoluminescence study PL emission spectra show the isolated peak position observed at 388 nm near UV region of spectrum due to 5d–4f transition of Ce3+ion.Thermoluminescence study shows doping of Ce3+ ions reduced the TL intensity TL glow curve shows the high fading and less stability when it doped with cerium. The activation energy high for the doped SrZrO3 phosphor means that the trapped electron is highly trapped in trap level. The present study gives the advance application for fracture sensor, damage sensor including the biological sensor and development of solid state lighting.
Cell-killing potential of a water-soluble radical initiator (2001)

The diazo compound, 2,2'-azobis [2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride (AIPC), is a water-soluble radical initiator that can be activated at mild temperatures (37 degrees -40 degrees C). Potential biomedical applications of this compound include the fabrication of hydrogels by radical polymerization (e.g., cell encapsulation or drug delivery) and the thermal sensitization of cancerous cells to induce localized cell death. In this study we evaluated whether this compound could induce cell death at 37 degrees C in vitro and in vivo using a tumor animal model. Cytotoxicity was quantitated with a sulfo-rhodamine B colorimetric assay by monitoring growth inhibition of human glioma cells in vitro. AIPC was entrapped in fibrin gel and exposed to cells in culture as a potential way to localize the compound in a controlled release environment. The mechanism of action for cell death was evaluated by quantitating caspase-3 activity in cells. In vivo studies included human glioma tumors that were grown subcutaneously in rats to study the effect of intra-tumor injections of AIPC. AIPC was also injected subcutaneously into normal tissue. Concentrations of 0.2% and 0.02% (w/v in RPMI medium) showed 93% and 84% inhibition of cell growth in vitro, respectively. Cell-growth inhibition using gel-entrapped AIPC was comparable to that obtained with AIPC in solution after 48 hr (86% inhibition at 0.2% w/v). Exposure to AIPC resulted in a significant increase of caspase activity (up to 163 units after 20 min), suggesting induced apoptosis as a possible mechanism of action of the AIPC. Histological pictures showed that, relative to normal tissue, cancerous tissue was more sensitive to the effects of AIPC.