gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal Fibrosis and Glomerulosclerosis in a New Mouse Model of Diabetic Nephropathy and Its Regression by Bone Morphogenic Protein-7 and Advanced Glycation End Product Inhibitors (2007)

Diabetic nephropathy is currently the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the western world. A mouse model for diabetic nephropathy that encompasses the salient features of this disease in the kidney is not available. Here, we report that CD1 mice, in contrast to inbred C57BL/6 and 129Sv strains, develop ESRD associated with prominent tubulointerstitial nephritis and fibrosis within 3 months and die because of diabetic complications by 6-7 months after a single injection of streptozotocin. Histopathologic lesions observed in these mice mimic human diabetic nephropathy, including glomerular hypertrophy, diffuse glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and decreased renal excretory function. Next, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7) and inhibitors of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), aminoguanidine and pyridoxamine, to inhibit and regress the progression of renal disease in diabetic CD1 mice. We demonstrate that although aminoguanidine, pyridoxamine, and BMP-7 significantly inhibit glomerular lesions, BMP-7 is most effective in the inhibition of tubular inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in these mice. Collectively, our results report a new mouse model for diabetic nephropathy with prominent interstitial inflammation and fibrosis and the selective inhibition of diabetic kidney disease by AGE inhibitors and BMP-7.
Programming the Web : design and implementation of a multidatabase browser (1996)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.
Enzyme‐Catalyzed Cyanohydrin Synthesis in Organic Solvents (1987)

A substantial suppression of the chemical reaction in favor of the enzymatic reaction has been achieved in the addition of hydrogen cyanide to aldehydes. This reaction with mandelonitrile lyase (“(R)-oxynitrilase”) in ethyl acetate affords the cyanohydrins 3 with up to 99% ee; in H2O/EtOH, maximally 86% ee was achieved.
Microwave variable delay line using dual-frequency switching-mode liquid crystal (2002)

A method was investigated to reduce the insertion loss and response time in the phase shift in a microwave variable delay line using liquid crystal (LC). In variable delay lines using conventional nematic LC, reducing the insertion loss conflicts with reducing the phase-shift response-time dependence on the thickness of the LC layer; thus, it is very difficult to simultaneously satisfy both requirements. Here, the use of dual-frequency switching-mode liquid crystal (DFSM LC) for the variable delay line is demonstrated as one approach to solving this problem. By using the characteristics of DFSM LC, in that the alignment of the LC can be controlled with a control voltage and its frequency, it becomes possible to control the LC alignment to be in an always electrically driven condition by applying a combination of control voltages of dc and several kilohertz. Experimental results of a microwave variable delay line using DFSM LC show that it is possible to reduce both the phase-shift response time and insertion loss.
Systolic time intervals as simple echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular systolic performance: correlation with ejection fraction and longitudinal two-dimensional strain (2010)

STI can be easily and accurately measured in clinical practice, and may be used for detecting alterations in LV systolic function. Moreover, this method is likely to have potential applications in the management of HF patients.
Passive entry of a DNA molecule into a small pore (1999)

I consider a vesicle with an open pore of small radius rp, exposed to a DNA solution. The crucial moment is the entry, when a chain end faces the pore and enters it. I discuss qualitatively the following three characteristic times: (i) the duration of the entry of one chain end (defining the minimum lifetime of the pore) taue approximately 10(-4) sec, (ii) the transfection time taut (the time required to be sure that one chain has gone in) taut approximately hours, and (iii) the sliding time tauS (the time between entry of one end and entry of the other end) approximately 1 sec. A fortunate feature is that sliding may proceed even if the pore tends to close itself after entry.
Nutritional management and growth hormone treatment of preterm infants born small for gestational age (1997)

In severe cases of intrauterine growth retardation, elective preterm delivery may provide the possibility for nutritional intervention to prevent some of the long-term consequences of the catabolic condition in utero. Neonatal nutritional management is aimed at providing a high protein intake of up to 4 g/kg/day in order to obtain the rapid increase in protein that is seen in normally growing infants during the early postnatal period. Unfortunately, due to impaired production of urea, high plasma levels of ammonia, which may be rate limiting with respect to an optimal gain in protein, are often observed in the preterm infant born small for gestational age (SGA). In an attempt to stimulate protein synthesis in preterm infants born SGA, growth hormone (GH) treatment was given to seven such infants during the early postnatal period. The infants received daily subcutaneous injections of GH (1.0 IU/kg/day) from postnatal day 7 until a body weight of 2000 g was reached (postnatal week 7-8). A further seven preterm infants born SGA were studied as controls. GH treatment had no significant effects on growth, body composition, net protein gain and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein-3 revealed a normal developmental increase and were not significantly altered by GH treatment. These results may be explained by a relative GH insensitivity or resistance during this period of early preterm life.
Adherence to Diabetes Regimens: Empirical Status and Clinical Applications (1990)

Adherence to diabetes treatment regimens has proved to be a conceptual and empirical enigma. Consequently, reliable and valid applications to the clinical practice of diabetes care and education have been wanting. Rates of nonadherence are staggeringly high, regardless of the methodology employed, and verification of self-reports is complicated by social desirability to appear compliant. Low intertask correlations further complicate our understanding of adherence-metabolic control relationships. Studies relating to the Health Belief Model, social learning theory, and the psychology of interpersonal relationships that have sought to identify determinants of adherence behaviors have specific relevance to the clinical practice of diabetes education.
Extraction of Keyphrases from Text: Evaluation of Four Algorithms (2002)

This report presents an empirical evaluation of four algorithms for automatically extracting keywords and keyphrases from documents. The four algorithms are compared using five different collections of documents. For each document, we have a target set of keyphrases, which were generated by hand. The target keyphrases were generated for human readers; they were not tailored for any of the four keyphrase extraction algorithms. Each of the algorithms was evaluated by the degree to which the algorithm's keyphrases matched the manually generated keyphrases. The four algorithms were (1) the AutoSummarize feature in Microsoft's Word 97, (2) an algorithm based on Eric Brill's part-of-speech tagger, (3) the Summarize feature in Verity's Search 97, and (4) NRC's Extractor algorithm. For all five document collections, NRC's Extractor yields the best match with the manually generated keyphrases.
Integrated 10 Gb/s chirped return-to-zero transmitter using GaAs-AlGaAs modulators (2002)

A four-stage integrated module for 10 Gb/s chirped return-to-zero modulation is realized using GaAs-AlGaAs electro-optic guided-wave technology. Performance is verified by dispersion-managed test bed transmission over 3000 km.
Human NK cells: their ligands, receptors and functions (1997)

The expression, or lack thereof, of class I MHC glycoproteins has a marked influence on natural killer cell function. Cells which do not express class I MHC molecules are susceptible to lysis by NK cells, and transfection of these targets with class I MHC genes can render these cells resistant to NK attack. This inhibition of NK-killing is mediated by a novel family of receptors expressed mainly on NK cells, but also found on some T-cells. The function of these class I MHC binding receptors when expressed on T-cells is discussed also and a novel co-stimulatory activity of NKAR described. Lastly, a novel mechanism by which human cytomegalovirus evades immune surveillance by NK cells is documented.
Advances in In-silico B-cell Epitope Prediction (2018)

Identification of B-cell epitopes in target antigens is one of the most crucial steps for epitopebased vaccine development, immunodiagnostic tests, antibody production, and disease diagnosis and therapy. Experimental methods for B-cell epitope mapping are time consuming, costly and labor intensive; in the meantime, various in-silico methods are proposed to predict both linear and conformational B-cell epitopes. The accurate identification of B-cell epitopes presents major challenges for immunoinformaticians. In this paper, we have comprehensively reviewed in-silico methods for B-cell epitope identification. The aim of this review is to stimulate the development of better tools which could improve the identification of B-cell epitopes, and further for the development of therapeutic antibodies and diagnostic tools.
Potential decay interpretation on insulating films: necessity of combining charge injection and slow volume polarization processes (1996)

International audience
Amplified DNA in cells of genetic melanoma of Xiphophorus. (1989)

Melanomas of genetic origin develop in interspecies hybrids of the fish Xiphophorus. Cytogenetic analyses have indicated chromosomal manifestations of amplified DNA in cells of an in vitro established cell line derived from a melanoma. We have employed strategies of differential hybridization in agarose gels to isolate and clone a portion of the amplified DNA. Amplification was about 20-fold in melanoma cells established in culture and about 10-fold in 2 out of 5 melanomas directly derived from the animal. The amplified DNA contained at least one transcription unit that is evolutionarily conserved in all vertebrates tested, including chicken, murines and man. Our results indicate that amplification of an as yet uncharacterized gene is involved in genetic melanoma of Xiphophorus.
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SYNCHRONIZATION FOR RHYTHMIC SONIFICATION (2012)

Human locomotion is fundamentally periodic, so when sonifying gait, it is desirable to exploit this periodicity to produce rhythmic sonification synchronized to the motion. To achieve this rhythmic sonification, some mechanism is required to synchronize an oscillator to the period of the motion. This paper presents a method to synchronize to multidimensional signals like those produced by a motion capture system. Using a subset of the joint-angle signals produced by motion capture, the method estimates the phase of a periodic, multidimensional model to match data observed from a moving subject. It does this using an optimization algorithm applied to a suitable objective function. We demonstrate the synchronization with data from a publicly available motion capture database, producing sonifications of drum beats synchronized to footfalls of subjects. The method is robust and shares some common features of phase-locked loops used for synchronizing onedimensional sinusoidal signals. We foresee applications to sonification for athletics and clinical treatment of gait disorders. 1.
Incremental Prediction of Sentence-final Verbs: Humans versus Machines (2016)

Verb prediction is important in human sentence processing and, practically, in simultaneous machine translation. In verb-final languages, speakers select the final verb before it is uttered, and listeners predict it before it is uttered. Simultaneous interpreters must do the same to translate in real-time. Motivated by the problem of SOV-SVO simultaneous machine translation, we provide a study of incremental verb prediction in verb-final languages. As a basis of comparison, we examine incremental verb prediction with human participants in a multiple choice setting using crowdsourcing to gain insight into incremental human performance in a constrained setting. We then examine a computational approach to incremental verb prediction using discriminative classification with shallow features. Both humans and machines predict verbs more accurately as more of a sentence becomes available, and case markers-when available-help humans and sometimes machines predict final verbs.
One-step antibody immobilization-based rapid and highly-sensitive sandwich ELISA procedure for potential in vitro diagnostics (2014)

An improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay using one-step antibody immobilization has been developed for the detection of human fetuin A (HFA), a specific biomarker for atherosclerosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The anti-HFA formed a stable complex with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) by ionic and hydrophobic interactions. The complex adsorbed on microtiter plates exhibited a detection range of 4.9 pg mL(-1) to 20 ng mL(-1) HFA, with a limit of detection of 7 pg mL(-1). Furthermore, an analytical sensitivity of 10 pg mL(-1) was achieved, representing a 51-fold increase in sensitivity over the commercial sandwich ELISA kit. The results obtained for HFA spiked in diluted human whole blood and plasma showed the same precision as the commercial kit. When stored at 4°C in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), the anti-HFA bound microtiter plates displayed no significant decrease in their functional activity after two months. The new ELISA procedure was extended for the detection of C-reactive protein, human albumin and human lipocalin-2 with excellent analytical performance.
Key management in multi-distributor based DRM system with mobile clients using IBE (2009)

Current digital rights management (DRM) systems support only two-party systems, involving the package server and purchaser. However, for a scalable business model of transacting digital assets, a multi-party DRM system is often necessary which involves more than one distributors, who can promote and distribute the content in regions unknown to the package server. We propose a key management scheme for a DRM system that involves more than one distributors with the DRM client's flexibility of choosing a distributor according to his own preference. For instance, a mobile DRM client may contact to a distribution server who is nearest to him by location or who offers promotions/discounts on the price or offers more commissions. In our scheme, the package server does not trust the distribution servers or the license server. The encrypted digital content sent by a package server can only be decrypted by the DRM client who has a valid license and is protected from attacks by other parties/servers in the system. Moreover, we use identity-based encryption (IBE) that incurs less computation cost and storage as certificate managements are not necessary and certificate verifications are no longer needed. These features make our DRM system suitable for more effective business models/applications with the flexibility in deciding a wide range of business strategies as compared to the existing works.
The Art of Scientific Computing Second Edition (1998)

IS B N 0-523108-5) C opright (C ) 19-1992 by C am bidge U nirsity P rss. P rogram s C opright (C ) 19-1992 by N um eical R eipes S ftw are. P rm ission is grnted or inrnet uers to m ke ne pper cpy or teir ow n peonal use. F uther repruction, or ny coying of m acineredable fles (inluding his one) to ny srver om pter, is sictly proibited. T o oder N um eical R eipes boks, disettes, or C D R O M s visit w esite hp://w w w .n.com or call 1-8072-7423 (N orth A m erica oly), or snd em il to trde@ cu.cam .ac.uk (otside N orth A m eca). Numerical Recipes in C
Protein‐binding Properties of two Antitumour Ru(III) Complexes toHuman Apotransferrin and Apolactoferrin (1994)

The interaction of two ruthenium(III) complexes exhibiting high anticancer activity - namely trans-Indazolium(bisindazole) tetrachlororuthenate(III), Hlnd[RuInd(2)Cl(4)], and trans-Imidazolium (bisimidazole) tetrachlororuthenate(III), Hlm[RuIm(2)Cl(4)], - with human serum apotransferrin has been investigated through spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques with the ultimate goal of preparing adducts with good selectivity for cancer cells due to the fact that tumour cells express high amounts of transferrin receptors on their cell surface. Whereas the binding of Hlm[RuIm(2)Cl(4)] to human serum apotransferrin takes several hours, Hlnd[RuInd(2)Cl(4)], the less toxic complex, gives rise to a well defined 2:1 complex within a few minutes. Hlnd[RuInd(2)Cl(4)] will react with apotransferrin only in the presence of bicarbonate, this anion dictating the kinetic and mechanistic characteristics of protein-binding. Circular dichroism studies had previously indicated that binding of both Ru(III) complexes occurs around the unoccupied iron(III) binding sites; this result is now confirmed by preliminary X-ray data of Hlnd[RuInd(2)Cl(4)] and Hlm[RuIm(2)Cl(4)] bound to apolactoferrin, a related iron protein. The crystallograhic data reveals that binding of both complexes takes place at histidine residues, and that the ligand (indazole) remains bound in the case of Hlnd[RuInd(2)Cl(4)].
Relationships Between Eccentric Hip Isokinetic Torque and Functional Performance (2012)

Higher values for eccentric hip lateral-rotator and hip-abductor torques reflected better performance. Thus, the eccentric action of these muscles should be considered in the development of physical training programs that aim to increase functional performance.
Morphology of Urban Villages in China: A Case Study of Dayuan Village in Guangzhou (2020)

Urban villages play an important role in providing affordable housing to urban migrants in Chinese cities. They are considered as supplementary to the dual rural-urban system in China. Of central importance to studying urban villages is how the morphology of these informal settlements affects urban life. It is essential for urban planners and designers to examine the morphology of urban villages. This paper, therefore, investigates the morphology of urban villages using the case study of Dayuan Village in Guangzhou, China. The morphology of this urban village is tested against four main elements of urban morphology: urban density, accessibility, functional mix, and urban interface. Our results revealed that the type of street within the urban village has considerable influence on accessibility, functional mix, and urban interface. Regarding urban density, our results show that buildings’ height is not influenced by the centrality of buildings nor land value; however, it is likely that it is affected by planning agreements between the village committee and the local government. Land coverage does not comply with the planning regulation for residential districts. Regarding accessibility analysis, the number of entrances to streets is influenced by the type of street under analysis. The distribution of different types of functional mix is also affected by the type of street within the urban village. The buildings with a mix of ‘live/visit’ are concentrated along the formal streets and primary inner streets. The mono-functional use of ‘live’ and the bi-functional mix of ‘live/work’ are mostly located in the secondary inner streets. Regarding urban interface, our results demonstrate that the formal streets have an interface with considerable porosity, and that this can contribute to the livelihood of the immediate area.
BIOSYNTHESIS AND PURIFICATION OF V AND W ANTIGENS IN PASTEURELLA PESTIS (1963)

Summary The separation and purification of V and W antigens is described. The methods that gave the best results were:
 1.The precipitation of both antigens from the supernatant fluid of a 36°C-grown culture of strain M23 by use of ammonium sulfate. 2.Chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. V antigen was eluted with 0.1 M NaCl and W antigen with 0.5 M NaCl. Recycling on DEAE-cellulose resulted in a sample containing approximately 20 units of V antigen/mg of protein (100-fold purification) and no W antigen, and a sample containing 600 units of W antigen/mg of protein (1000-fold purification) and no V antigen. V antigen is a protein with a molecular weight of 90,000 and W antigen is a lipoprotein with a molecular weight of 145,000. Both antigens were stable at 60°C, but not at 80°C, for 30 min. W antigen, but not V, was lost upon extensive dialysis against distilled water, or pervaporation. Both antigens were reduced in titer by prolonged storage at 5°C or by lyophilization, but not by storage at -20°C. Based on the use of rabbit antisera containing only V antibody or only W antibody, the conclusion was drawn that V antibody, but not W antibody, can protect mice against plague.
Preparation of block and graft copolymers and their applications. VI. Synthesis and applications of hydrophilic and hydrophobic block copolymers. (1988)

ポリメリックベルオキシドを用いて, 親水性ポリマーセグメントと疎水性ポリマーセグメントよりなる親疎水性ブロックコポリマーを合成し, その用途展開について検討した. 合成時の溶剤とモノマーの組み合わせにより, 溶剤中に分散したブロックコポリマーや均一に溶解したブロックコポリマーが合成され, 成膜されたフィルム表面の水ぬれ性は両者で異なり, 前者の方が水ぬれ性が高い. また溶剤の選択によっても水ぬれ性が異なり, ランダムポリマーとは違う性質を示した. さらに親水性の基質界面上にブロックコポリマーを成膜すると親水性ポリマーセグメントが選択的に基質界面に配向することが確認された. これらの現象を利用することにより, ポリメリックベルオキシドを重合開始剤として得られる親疎水性ブロックコポリマーは, 塗膜の金属, ガラス界面への密着性を向上でき, またプラスチック表面に帯電防止性, 防曇性を与え, かっその効果の持続性はランダムポリマーに比べ大きいことがわかった.
Fluid balance in patients with chronic renal failure assessed with N‐terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic peptide and ultrasonography (2001)

The N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide (proANP) has become an important parameter for assessing the prognosis of patients with cardiac disease. Its use for evaluating the hydration status in patients with chronic renal failure, however, is still under investigation. The present study comprised 12 haemodialysis (HD) and 17 pre-dialysis patients. In the HD patients, the inferior vena cava diameter during quiet expiration (IVCe) was estimated by ultrasonography and plasma concentrations of N-terminal proANP, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were measured before and 4 h after termination of HD. In the pre-dialysis patients venous blood samples were taken during rest to measure plasma N-terminal proANP and ANP and serum creatinine. Normal values for N-terminal proANP and ANP were obtained from 18 healthy volunteers. The plasma concentrations of N-terminal proANP and ANP in healthy volunteers were 328 +/- 92 and 11.4.0 +/- 3.1 pM L-1, respectively. In pre-dialysis patients, serum creatinine ranged from 110 to 447 microM L-1 and was significantly correlated to plasma N-terminal proANP (r = 0.60, P < 0.05) but not to ANP. This may indicate that N-terminal proANP is more dependent on renal function for its clearance than ANP, which is probably cleared by extrarenal mechanisms as well. In HD patients, IVCe was significantly correlated to the three hormones before HD, most strongly to N-terminal proANP. After dialysis, IVCe was significantly correlated to ANP and cGMP but was not correlated to N-terminal proANP. This may suggest that proANP takes a longer time than other hormones to reflect changes in intravascular volume. In conclusion, N-terminal proANP is a hormone closely related to degree of renal function. Furthermore, it is a sensitive marker reflecting the interdialytic hydration status in HD patients, as indicated by its high correlation to IVCe, a standard method which is used frequently nowadays to assess the body hydration. However N-terminal proANP could not reflect the acute changes in fluid volume induced by HD, probably because it is slowly metabolized.