gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Detection of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor as a Prognostic Indicator in Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma (1996)

The expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was studied immunohistochemically in tissue specimens from 157 patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Tumor cells that expressed bFGF were found in 89 patients (74%). The expression of bFGF was correlated with T and M in the TNM classification, disease stage and curability. The 5-year survival rate was 24% in bFGF-positive patients but 66% in bFGF-negative patients, the difference being significant (P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of patients with stage I disease was 73% in those who were bFGF-positive but 88% in those who were bFGF-negative, the difference being significant (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of bFGF was significantly related to prognosis. These findings suggest that bFGF plays an important role in tumor progression and that its expression may be a useful prognostic indicator for pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
Ga/Al substitutions in synthetic kaolinites and smectites (1998)

Abstract The Ga for A1 substitution in kaolinites and smectites was studied using clay synthesis from initial gels having an (Al + Ga)/Si ratio of kaolinites and M Ga = Ga/(Ga + A1) ratio ranging from 0 to 1. Only kaolinite was obtained for MGa in the range 0-0.10. For higher MGa, synthesized clays were both kaolinite and beidellite, or pure beidellites. The evolution of b cell parameters, and the appearance of a v AI-OH-Ga absorption band at 3600 cm -1 in FFIR spectra, proves the progressive substitution of AI by Ga in kaolinite. The low substitution of AI by Ga in kaolinite can be correlated with the large difference in ionic radii between Al 3+ and Ga 3+ which causes a large increase in cell dimensions. By contrast, the incorporation of Ga in smectites is easy and can be complete.
Epidemiology of Itch: Adding to the Burden of Skin Morbidity (2009)

Itch is the most frequent symptom in dermatology and has been researched more extensively in recent years. Nevertheless, there are few true epidemiological studies on itch. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of research on the epidemiology of chronic itch in Western and non-Western populations. The electronic databases PubMed, Medline and the Cochrane Library were searched. Conference proceedings and national and international studies were included. It is difficult to compare existing studies due to differing methodology and lack of standardized measures. The symptom of itch is a challenge, not only to clinicians, but also within the structure of regional health systems, and with regards to accessibility to specialized medical doctors in non-Western countries. Published studies show that the symptom of itch is highly prevalent; it should therefore receive adequate attention from physicians and other healthcare providers, including healthcare planners.
Morphine-like peptides in mammalian brain: isolation, structure elucidation, and interactions with the opiate receptor. (1976)

A substance that competes for opiate receptor binding has been isolated from calf brain and identified as two pentapeptides, H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-OH (methionine enkephalin) and H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH (leucine enkephalin), with about four times more leucine enkephalin than methionine enkephalin. Sodium and manganese effects on opiate receptor interactions show that both peptides are agonists, whereas leucine enkephalin may be a "purer" agonist than methionine enkephalin.
Do Lenders Make Optimal Decisions in a Peer-to-Peer Network? (2009)

We examine the behavior of lenders in a large peer-to-peer lending network and find that, while there exists high variance in risk-taking between individuals, many transactions represent sub-optimal decisions on the part of lenders. Additionally, some borrowers remain underserved by failing to adjust requested rates and loan amounts. We discuss implications and suggest avenues for improvement.
Comparison of gamma radiation performance of a range of CMOS a/D converters under biased conditions (2005)

Radiation effects on analog and mixed signal semiconductor devices are a major concern in space and nuclear applications. Significant degradation has been observed in A/D converters in a radiation environment. In fact, recent advances in A/D converters have further reduced the radiation tolerance of these converters on account of their complex circuitry. This paper studies the effects of gamma radiation on several properties (offset error, gain error, integral non linearity etc.) of a whole range of A/D converters under biased conditions. A comparative study of their performance is presented. Four major types of A/D converters, namely- flash, successive approximation, integrating and sigma-delta type, are selected for a detailed evaluation and comparison. Significant degradation of the power supply currents was observed in the biased samples during radiation. Significant improvement in radiation tolerance after adjustment of the offset and calibration registers in the high resolution sigma delta converters can be achieved. All the results and experimental observations are presented.
Free Sugar and Sugar Alcohol Concentrations in Human Breast Milk (2006)

There are no significant differences among breast milk samples for free sugar and polyol concentrations except lactose. However, some milk contains additional peaks that could be of dietary or genetic origin. Formula milk has relatively high concentrations of glucose and galactose compared with breast milk, suggesting some lactose hydrolysis.
CAMA: A Predictable Cache-Aware Memory Allocator (2011)

General-purpose dynamic memory allocation algorithms strive for small memory fragmentation and good average-case response times. Hard real-time settings, in contrast, place different demands on dynamic memory allocators: worst-case response times are more important than average-case response times. Furthermore, predictable cache behavior is a prerequisite for timing analysis to derive tight bounds on a program's execution time. This paper proposes a novel algorithm that meets these demands. It guarantees constant response times, does not cause unpredictable cache pollution, and allocations are cache-set directed, i.e., allocated memory is guaranteed to be mapped to a given cache set. The latter two are necessary to enable a subsequent precise static cache analysis.
Synthesis of some novel 7‐substituted quinolonecarboxylic acids <i>via</i> nitroso and nitrone cycloadditions (1988)

Abstract 1‐Ethyl‐6‐fluoro‐7‐hydroxylamino‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid 7 can be either oxidized to the corresponding nitroso intermediate 8 or converted to the methylene nitrone 9. Both intermediates form cycloaddition products with selected dienes and olefins respectively. Also, the preparation of 1‐ethyl‐6‐fluoro‐7‐(hexahydro‐2‐methyl‐5 H ‐pyrrolo[3,4‐ d ]isoxazol‐5‐yl)‐3‐quinolinecarboxylic acid 5 via a nitrone cycloaddition is presented.
Applying model reference adaptive search to American-style option pricing (2006)

This paper considers the application of stochastic optimization methods to American-style option pricing. We apply a randomized optimization algorithm called Model Reference Adaptive Search (MRAS) to pricing American-style options by parameterizing the early exercise boundary. Numerical results are provided for pricing American-style call and put options written on underlying assets following geometric Brownian motion and Merton jump-diffusion processes. The results from the MRAS algorithm are also compared with the Cross-Entropy (CE) method.
Applications of precise fluid control on microchips: category-biosensors (2002)

Demonstrations of microfabricated chemical instrumentation initially focused on chemical separations, first with chemical separations in the gas phase and later in the condensed phase with capillary electrophoresis. It soon became clear that microfabrication could be extended to include a much larger portion of the chemical measurement problem and the concept of the Lab-on-a-Chip resulted. The realization of the Lab-on-a-Chip requires the development of a number of functional elements or unit processes that can eventually be integrated to solve chemical and biochemical measurement problems. In this paper we describe two additional functional elements; electrokinetic focusing and enzymatic assays.
Making global faith universal: Media and a Brazilian prosperity movement (2002)

Abstract One characteristic of Brazilian neo‐Pentecostal ministries that draw on the Faith Movement is an accentuation of performative and metonymic linkages between supernatural power and ritual. While sharing elements with a broader transnational Faith movement, this Prosperity theology and its associated practices emerge out of the contemporary sociocultural context of Brazilian ‘popular’ religions as they relate to a consumer economy. The paper addresses the role of particular kinds of objects and material media in the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. Such symbolic media configure a distinctly Pentecostal projection of local‐global relations. The analysis also considers an example of temple architecture and the construction of a Biblical theme park by the Universal Church in Rio de Janeiro. The symbolic and metonymic treatment of physical space builds up connections between believers, temporality, certain forms of historicity, and sacred geography in a way that resonates with other activities in the Church.
A unipolar converter for a switched reluctance motor (1990)

A switched reluctance motor requires a power converter circuit to control the unipolar phase current in its phase windings. A converter circuit for a four-phase reluctance motor that uses only four switches is described. Unlike previous circuits with one switch per phase, the switches are created at the motor voltage. Each switch is connected to two of the four phase windings. The switching signals must be carefully derived so that independent control of the phase currents is maintained despite the common connections. Analysis is given to predict the ideal switching algorithm for the converter circuit. This produces the optimum torque at all speeds and currents. Experimental results are given for the performance of the proposed converter circuit as compared with that of other circuits with one switch per phase. It can be seen that for a given supply voltage and peak phase current, the novel converter circuit produces superior torque output from the motor. The low number of switches in the coinverter together with the performance of the four-phase reluctance motor will result in an ideal low-cost variable-speed drive.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Heuristic for Winner Determination in Rule-Based Combinatorial Auctions (2005)

Combinatorial auctions address the sale of materials where there exist complementarities between items. A major stumbling block to the widespread use of combinatorial auctions is the complexity of the winner-determination problem, which is known to be NP-complete. We consider a rich version of combinatorial auctions, rule-based combinatorial auctions, where bids consist of rules that describe acceptable bundles rather than provide complete enumerations of acceptable bundles. This makes the winner-determination problem potentially harder because the problem must find bundles meeting bid criterion as well as finding an optimal selection of winning bids. This paper describes in detail a heuristic that achieves a satisfying solution to the winner-determination problem for large problems where exact solutions may not be attainable. Our contribution is threefold. First, we give a general approach to providing good approximations to the winner-determination problem for rule-based auctions. Although the approach requires adaptation for specific instances, it is conceptually tractable and implementable. Second, the approach is illustrated and tested on an auction format for selling prime-time television advertising time formed from data and interviews with industry sources. Third, while some researchers have used commercial solvers that appeared to obviate the need for specialized solution approaches to the winner-determination problem, we give evidence that, at least for the problem studied here, specialized approaches are necessary.
Continuous Conductometric Determination of Acetaldehyde (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContinuous Conductometric Determination of AcetaldehydeI. A. CapuanoCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 8, 1025–1027Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60164a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60164a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Bilateral Primary Axillary Hyperhidrosis (2003)

BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been shown to be effective for the temporary reduction of local hyperhidrosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the duration of efficacy of BTX-A with repeat treatments for axillary hyperhidrosis. METHODS Patients who completed a prior randomized, controlled, parallel-group study comparing BTX-A with vehicle for bilateral primary axillary hyperhidrosis were eligible for this 18-month, open-label, noncomparative, follow-up study. Patients had to request further treatment, fulfill the preceding study inclusion/exclusion criteria, and have spontaneous sweat production that was more than 50% of the baseline value of the previous study. Patients received up to four treatments of intradermal BTX-A (2 mL, 50 U). All of the 12 patients who were enrolled completed the study. Two of the 12 patients (17%) were previously treated with placebo. RESULTS In the 18 months of study and follow-up, five patients (42%) required a total of two active injections. Three patients (25%) required a total of three active injections, and four patients (33%) required a total of four active injections. The response rate was 83% (10 of 12) at 4 weeks after the first treatment. The mean percentage change from baseline in overall sweat production was approximately 80% at Week 4. The mean time between the first and second treatment in this study was just over 29 weeks, with a range of 17.8 to 57.5 weeks. CONCLUSION BTX-A is an effective repeat treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis giving variable but clinically helpful remission. No clinically relevant changes in vital signs or safety parameters were noted.
Substrate integrated waveguide with corrugated wall (2008)

In this work we propose a new SIW structure, called the corrugated SIW (CSIW), which does not require conducting vias to achieve TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> type boundary conditions at the side walls. Instead, the vias are replaced by quarter wavelength microstrip stubs arranged in a corrugated pattern on the edges of the waveguide. This, along with series interdigitated capacitors, results in a waveguide section comprising two separate conductors, which facilitates shunt connection of active components such as Gunn diodes.
[The influence on radioulnar joints after single-bone fracture of the forearm in children]. (1996)

For the sake of researching overgrowth after single-bone fracture of the forearm in children, 179 patients were reviewed, the range of follow-up was 5-8 years, mean 7.5 yrs. (Not including Montaggia's, Galeazzi fracture's and physeal injuries). Bilateral comparative X-ray assessments were as follows: length of ulna and radius, radioulnar angle, ulnar deviation angle and anteversion angle of the radius, radial capitular line, position of the humeral head, and the movement of wrist and elbow joint. Overgrowth of the fractured bones existed only in 4 patients' by the length of 2-4 mm. Movements of wrist and elbow joints were normal. As the forearm is a double-bone balanced extremity, the injury is not very severe after single-bone fracture and overgrowth is usually hard to be observed.
Definitive Mineralogical Analysis of Martian Rocks and Soil Using the CheMin XRD/XRF Instrument and the USDC Sampler (2003)

The search for evidence of extant or extinct life on Mars will initially be a search for evidence of present or past conditions supportive of life (e.g., evidence of water), not for life itself. Definitive evidence of past or present water activity lies in the discovery of: * Hydrated minerals: The rock type hosting the hydrated minerals could be igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary, with only a minor hydrated mineral phase. Therefore, the identification of minor phases is important. * Clastic sediments: Clastic sediments are commonly identified by the fact that they contain minerals of disparate origin that could only have come together as a mechanical mixture. Therefore, the identification of all minerals present in a mixture to ascertain mineralogical source regions is important. * Hydrothermal precipitates and chemical sediments: Some chemical precipitates are uniquely identified only by their structure. For example, Opal A, Opal CT, tridymite, crystobalite, high and low Quartz all have the same composition (SiO2) but different crystal structures indicative of different environments - from hydrothermal hydrothermal formation to low temperature precipitation. Other silica types such as stishovite can provide evidence of shock metamorphism. Therefore, identification of crystal structures and structural polymorphs is important. The elucidation of the nature of the Mars soil will require the identification of mineral components that can unravel its history and the history of the Mars atmosphere.
The Teaching of Finite Element Analysis (1990)

This paper traces a recent development in the teaching of finite element analysis and outlines some of the issues. Typical examples and techniques used in the course to address various needs are presented.
Application of long-distance polymerase chain reaction to detection of junctional sequences created by chromosomal translocation in mature B- cell neoplasms (1996)

Junctional sequences created by chromosomal translocations in mature B- cell neoplasms, which involve immunoglobulin gene loci (IG) and putative proto-oncogenes on reciprocal partner chromosomes, are unique to neoplastic cells characterized by particular histological and immunological phenotypes. To establish a rapid and sensitive method to detect neoplastic cells carrying a specific chromosomal translocation, we have developed a novel strategy based on long-distance polymerase chain reaction (LD-PCR) amplification. Genomic DNA was extracted from tumor cells carrying t(14;19)(q32;q13), t(8;14)(q24;q32), t(3;22)(q27;q11), t(2;3)(p12;q27), or t(3;14)(q27;q32). Thirty-two to 35-mer oligonucleotide primer pairs were designed to be complementary to exons or flanking sequences of the BCL3, c-MYC and BCL6 oncogenes, and to IG constant region genes. LD-PCR with a newly available Taq polymerase for longer product synthesis successfully amplified fragments representing BCL3/C alpha junctional sequences for t(14;19); c-MYC/C mu, c-MYC/C gamma, and c-MYC/C alpha for t(8;14); BCL6/C lambda for t(3;22); BCL6/C kappa for t(2;3); 5′-BCL6/C mu, and 5′-BCL6/C gamma for t(3;14). In Burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia, all materials in which c- MYC rearrangements were detectable by conventional Southern blot hybridization showed positive LD-PCR amplification. The sizes of the amplified fragments varied from 1.8 kb to 12 kb, and these were specific to each material. Serial dilution of tumor cells or DNA in negative materials demonstrated a single band on agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide at a level of sensitivity of 10(-3), and hybridization with radioactive probe improved the level by one order of magnitude (1 cell in 10(4)), indicating that this LD- PCR approach is a sensitive technique capable of detecting minimal residual disease. Thus, the present study provided a useful tool for diagnosis and subsequent management of B-cell neoplasms characterized by specific chromosomal translocations.
The Shortcomings of Western Science (1996)

Modern science has become the only generally recognized cognitive authority in the modern world, yet Western science and technology are contributing to a society whose long-term sustainability is in doubt. Thus a crucial question becomes, "How can inquiry in the scientific spirit be so modified (in epistemology or more fundamentally) that it more completely serves the highest needs of humanity?" Most scientists assume that the epistemological question has been settled long ago in the definition of "scientific method. " Yet Western science is based on epistemological and ontological assumptions that, however well they may have served the prediction and control functions of science, are less suited to serving the understanding function of science. This article examines the need for a reexamination of scientific epistemology and proposes nine characteristics of a more suitable epistemology.
Serum Ghrelin Levels Are Inversely Correlated with Body Mass Index, Age, and Insulin Concentrations in Normal Children and Are Markedly Increased in Prader-Willi Syndrome (2003)

Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand of the GH secretagogue receptor, stimulates appetite and causes obesity in animal models and in humans when given in pharmacologic doses. Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a genetic obesity syndrome characterized by GH deficiency and the onset of a voracious appetite and obesity in childhood. We, therefore, hypothesized that ghrelin levels may play a role in the expression of obesity in this syndrome. We measured fasting serum ghrelin levels in 13 PWS children with an average age of 9.5 yr (range, 5-15) and body mass index (BMI) of 31.3 kg/m2 (range, 22-46). The PWS group was compared with 4 control groups: 20 normal weight controls matched for age and sex, 17 obese children (OC), and 14 children with melanocortin-4 receptor mutations (MC4) matched for age, sex, and BMI, and a group of 3 children with leptin deficiency (OB). In non-PWS subjects, ghrelin levels were inversely correlated with age (r = 0.36, P = 0.007), insulin (r = 0.55, P < 0.001), and BMI (r = 0.62, P < 0.001), but not leptin. In children with PWS, fasting ghrelin concentrations were not significantly different compared with normal weight controls (mean +/- SD; 429 +/- 374 vs. 270 +/- 102 pmol/liter; P = 0.14). However, children with PWS did demonstrate higher fasting ghrelin concentrations (3- to 4-fold elevation) compared with all obese groups (OC, MC4, OB) (mean +/- SD; 429 +/- 374 vs. 139 +/- 70 pmol/liter; P < 0.001). In conclusion, ghrelin levels in children with PWS are significantly elevated (3- to 4-fold) compared with BMI-matched obese controls (OC, MC4, OB). Elevation of serum ghrelin levels to the degree documented in this study may play a role as an orexigenic factor driving the insatiable appetite and obesity found in PWS.