gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidants quercetin and dihydroquercetin inhibit ex vivo hemolysis but not plasma lipid peroxidation (2009)

Although both are antioxidants, the flavonoids quercetin (Q) and dihydroquercetin (DHQ) can produce different biological effects. For example, Q is known to inhibit heat stress‐induced heat shock proteins, whereas DHQ has no such effect. Thus, we tested if Q and DHQ differ in their protective capacities against oxidation in human blood erythrocytes and plasma. DHQ showed a greater potency of inhibiting xanthine‐oxidase‐dependent superoxide generation compared to Q (EC50: 17.4 ± 3.6 μM vs 70.8 ± 19.3 μM, P < 0.001). Hemolysis and plasma lipid oxidation were initiated with AAPH and measured in real‐time by spectrophotometry. Following 30‐min incubation, DHQ at lower concentrations and Q at higher concentrations reduced hemolysis rates. Neither Q nor DHQ inhibited the plasma lipid oxidation. Incubation of plasma with AAPH for 4 hrs caused an increase in TBARS (10.0 ± 0.7 at 4 hr vs 3.5 ± 0.4 μM at 0 min, P < 0.001), which could not be prevented in the presence of Q or DHQ. The total plasma antioxidant was equivalent to 207 ± 93 mU/ml of superoxide dismutase (EC50: 0.72 ± 0.36 mU/ml). We conclude that DHQ and Q at physiological concentrations require cellular interaction to provide protection against lipid oxidation though DHQ is a more potent antioxidant. Healthy adults have a very substantial plasma antioxidant capacity that may not be immediately improved upon taking dietary Q or DHQ. (Supported by USUHS intramural grant RO91EH)
Molecular analysis of the P2 porin protein of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (1992)

The P2 porin protein is the most abundant outer membrane protein (OMP) of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) and shows extensive antigenic heterogeneity among strains. To study the molecular basis of this heterogeneity, the DNA sequences of the genes encoding the P2 proteins of three unrelated strains of NTHI were determined, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms around the P2 genes of 35 strains were analyzed. The deduced amino acid sequences of the P2 genes from the three strains of NTHI revealed four major (12 to 35 amino acids long) and several smaller (2 to 7 amino acids) hypervariable regions in each protein. The major variations occurred in identical portions of the genes, and these regions showed a high antigenic index and surface exposure probability in computer modeling analysis. Differences in the molecular mass of the P2 protein correlate with differences in the size of the variable region in each strain. Oligonucleotide primers suitable for amplification of the P2 genes by polymerase chain reaction were developed. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed marked heterogeneity in and around the ompP2 locus of 35 NTHI strains. These results contrast with the high degree of conservation of the P2 genes in H. influenzae type b strains. We conclude that the molecular mass and antigenic heterogeneity of the P2 molecule of NTHI is due to variations in gene sequence that are clustered primarily in four large hypervariable regions of the gene.
An Investigation of Some Approaches to the Synthesis of α-Cyclodipolymethylenedithiophenes (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Investigation of Some Approaches to the Synthesis of α-CyclodipolymethylenedithiophenesRobert D. Schuetz and Roger A. BaldwinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 8, 2841–2846Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01055a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01055a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Sheets Obtained by Continuous Vapor Deposition Apparatus (1991)

従来の電気めっき法,溶融めっき法に代わる新しいめっき法として,EB加熱方式による真空蒸着法を応用した連続蒸着試験設備により,5種類の蒸着Zn合金めっき鋼板を作製した.その結果,以下のことが明らかとなった.1)電子ビーム加熱により,近接された二つのるつぼから,Znと合金元素を同時蒸発させることによって,連続的に鋼板表面に蒸着Zn合金めっき層を形成することが可能である.合金めっきのめっき付着量及びめっき組成の制御は,電子ビームの出力,照射時間配分及びラインスピードを調整することによって可能である.2)めっき層の表面結晶状態は,合金元素の種類によって異なり,六方晶の結晶が基板に対して平行に配向するものと,斜めに配向するものとに大別された.ただし,蒸着Zn-Ni合金めっきについては,明確な結晶粒が認められなかった.3)めっき深さ方向の合金組成のプロフィールについても,合金元素の種類によって異なり,Znと合金元素のプロフィールがほぼ均一な構造を有する場合と,2層に近い構造を有する場合とがある.4)Znと合金元素とによってめっき層中に得られる金層間化合物相は,合金元素がAlの場合を除き,平衡状態図から想定される相がほとんど存在しない.これは,本真空蒸着法によって得られる蒸着Zn合金めっき層の形成過程が,非平衡に近い状態で進行するためと考えられる.5)今回作成した蒸着Zn合金めっきの中では,Zr-Mg合金めっきとZn-Ti合金めっきが優れた裸耐食性を示した.また,塩水噴霧試験による蒸着Zr-Mg合金めっきの腐食生成物層は,六方晶の底面が基板に対して配向したZnCl2・4Zn(OH)2から形成されていることが明らかとなった.蒸着Zr-Mg合金めっきの裸耐食性は,腐食生成物層によるめっき層の保護作用によるものと考えられ,めっき層中から溶解したMgイオンは,このような腐食生成物層を維持し続ける働きを有するものと推察される.
Body Weight Changes Associated With Psychopharmacology (2002)

Careful monitoring and consideration of alternative therapies are essential.
Gravity Methods: Useful Techniques for Reservoir Surveillance (1993)

Abstract Understanding the movement of gas in oil reservoirs is important because premature breakthrough or high gas-oil ratios significantly increase costs and can reduce ultimate recovery. The Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk River oil fields, located on the North Slope of Alaska, have an expanding gas cap and a gas storage area, respectively. Significant gas movement in both reservoirs has occurred, since discovery, and the vertical and areal extent are not as well defined as desired. The current methods of monitoring are expensive and increasingly less reliable because of well conditions. In a search for better methods to monitor gas movement, borehole and surface gravity techniques were identified. The Borehole Gravity Meter (BHGM), because of its large radius of investigation, can predict the true gas-oil contact, irrespective of a localized gas cone and other near wellbore completion problems. Bypassed lenses of oil and intervals of gas under running oil can be identified. The data from the BHGM can provide the vertical distribution of gas and oil at a well. To better understand the areal distribution of gas, high resolution surface gravity data can potentially be used. As the gas cap propagates outward and/or downward, a negative gravity anomaly is created due to the displacement of oil by gas. The results show that significant gravity anomalies have occurred in the Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk River oil fields due to gas replacing oil. The gravity anomalies can be measured with the borehole gravity and in certain situations with surface gravity instruments. New surveying techniques are needed to obtain increased vertical and lateral resolution for reservoirs buried as deep as the North Slope fields. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) is an economically viable method for obtaining accurate surface positions for locating surface gravity stations. Surface gravity data resolution can be improved further by stripping and downward continuation. The newly developed elevator sonde for the borehole gravity meter, may significantly improve the vertical resolution of the tool in deep deviated wells. Additional developments to improve deviation and size limitations of the BHGM, data acquisition and processing of surface gravity, and testing of GPS in Arctic latitudes are required. Plans to field test these techniques and provide data to design new techniques and tools are on going.
Organic matter and the surface charge of suspended particles in estuarine waters1 (1982)

The surface electrical charge on suspended particles in four estuaries of the U.K. has been measured as a function of salinity by the technique of particle microelectrophoresis. Two characteristic types of behavior were found. In rivers low in dissolved cations, especially Ca 2+ (Conwy, Beaulieu), the electrophoretic mobility u E was negative in sign at all salinities, increasing slightly in magnitude from the seawater end member to lower salinities of 5–10‰, with a more pronounced increase toward the river water end member. In rivers draining calcareous terrain and having relatively high concentrations of Ca 2+ (Alde, Orwell) u E showed a similar dependence on salinity above 5 – 10‰ but no marked increase in magnitude at lower salinities. Ionic composition of the water appears to be the major factor controlling changes in u E with salinity. Positively charged particles were entirely absent. The charge distribution of all samples was highly uniform, in spite of the mixed nature of the suspended matter, indicating a dominant control of surface properties by adsorbed organic matter, metallic oxides, or both. This implies that differential flocculation of different suspended minerals is largely suppressed in the estuarine zone. Measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and surface‐active substances (by suppression of polarographic maximum) in the same estuaries indicate a sufficient supply of organic matter for the adsorption process. No evidence for nonconservative removal of DOC or surface‐active substances was found. Sewage inputs into some of the estuaries are clearly seen by the measurements of surface‐active substances. Significant quantities of surface‐active materials are injected into the Alde estuary through tidal flushing of a salt marsh area.
Predicting cottage cheese cutting time using a light backscatter sensor (2005)

An optical light backscatter sensor was investigated as a device to determine the cutting time of cottage cheese. A complete randomized block design with 3 repeats was used to study the impact of different gelation temperatures (23, 27 and 32 °C) and starter concentrations (0.50, 2.75, and 5.00%) on gelation. A low concentration of rennet (2 ppm) was also added and gelation was monitored using an in-line light backscatter sensor operated at 880 nm and the gel cutting time of milk was visually evaluated. Linear regression between the cutting time (tout) and various parameters collected from the light backscatter ratio profile (and its first and second derivatives) were used to generate prediction equations. The simple equation, t c u t = β 0 + β 1 i t 2 m a x 2 , using the light backscatter parameter t 2 m a x 2 , the time to the second minimum of the second derivative of the light backscatter ratio profile, predicted cutting time with a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 6.28 min and R 2 of 0.997 within the wide range of gelation rates tested. Light backscatter parameters are useful for prediction of cutting under the wide range of processing conditions tested for cottage cheese manufacture.
ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS AS POTENTIAL FUNGICIDES. PART I.<i>N</i>-(ω-GUANI-DINOALKYL)AMINOALKANEPHOSPHONIC ACIDS AND THEIR AMINOPHOSPHONIC PRECURSORS: PREPARATION, NMR SPECTROSCOPY, AND FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT MASS SPECTROMETRY (1988)

Abstract N-(ω-Aminoalkyl)- and N-(ω-guanidinoalkyl)-aminoalkanephosphonic acids have been prepared from α, ω-diaminoalkanes by reaction with chloromethanephosphonic acid (or an ester of a halogeno-alkanephosphonic acid), followed by treatment with S-methylisothiouronium chloride. Ethylene diamine yielded 1-phosphonomethyl-2-iminoimidazolidine. A number of 1:1 salts of the α, ω-diamines and chloromethanephosphonic acid are also reported. Doubly charged zwitterionic structures are assigned to both ω-amino and ω-guanidino compounds on the basis of 31P and 13C nmr data. Thus the addition of an excess of acid (D2SO4) causes the 31P chemical shift to move to higher field, from ca. 8 to 14 ppm, whilst 1 Jpc increases from ca. 130 to 150 Hz. The 1H and 13C chemical shifts of the terminal methylene groups in the polymethylene chain are unaffected by acidification. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry gives rise to characteristic [M + H]+ ions, frequently as the base peak, and to fragmentations involving the loss of phosphorous acid, or the formation of ions resulting from carbon-nitrogen or carbon-carbon cleavage. The compounds show activity against a number of fungal pathogens and other microbial organisms.
Drought-Tolerant Options for Southwest Agriculture: Ornamentals, Herbs, and Cosmetics (2021)

The arid Southwest has been heavily impacted by drought and climate change. The Southwest states are some of the driest in the nation. Water shortages are also common, especially in the late summer when water restrictions are often imposed. Drought can damage pastures and crops, leading to economic losses in agriculture. This fact sheet is the third in a series of three that provide an overview of drought-tolerant crops, grasses, and native plants, which may assist in maintaining agricultural production for food, feed, and cosmetics and sustain grasslands and rangelands in the arid Southwest. The following ornamental, herbs, and cosmetics are drought tolerant. Their drought-tolerant features are discussed in addition to soil preferences, preferred growing conditions, and market conditions and profitability.
Designed zinc finger protein interacting with the HIV‐1 integrase recognition sequence at 2‐LTR‐circle junctions (2009)

Integration of HIV-1 cDNA into the host genome is a crucial step for viral propagation. Two nucleotides, cytosine and adenine (CA), conserved at the 3' end of the viral cDNA genome, are cleaved by the viral integrase (IN) enzyme. As IN plays a crucial role in the early stages of the HIV-1 life cycle, substrate blockage of IN is an attractive strategy for therapeutic interference. In this study, we used the 2-LTR-circle junctions of HIV-1 DNA as a model to design zinc finger protein (ZFP) targeting at the end terminal portion of HIV-1 LTR. A six-contiguous ZFP, namely 2LTRZFP was designed using zinc finger tools. The designed motif was expressed and purified from E. coli to determine its binding properties. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to determine the binding affinity of 2LTRZFP to its target DNA. The level of dissociation constant (K(d)) was 12.0 nM. The competitive SPR confirmed that 2LTRZFP specifically interacted with its target DNA. The qualitative binding activity was subsequently determined by EMSA and demonstrated the aforementioned correlation. In addition, molecular modeling and binding energy analyses were carried out to provide structural insight into the binding of 2LTRZFP to the specific and nonspecific DNA target. It is suggested that hydrogen-bonding interactions play a key role in the DNA recognition mechanisms of the designed ZFP. Our study suggested an alternative HIV therapeutic strategy using ZFP interference of the HIV integration process.
Plasmon Dynamics in Colloidal Cu<sub>2–<i>x</i></sub>Se Nanocrystals (2011)

The optical response of metallic nanostructures after intense excitation with femtosecond-laser pulses has recently attracted increasing attention: such response is dominated by ultrafast electron-phonon coupling and offers the possibility to achieve optical modulation with unprecedented terahertz bandwidth. In addition to noble metal nanoparticles, efforts have been made in recent years to synthesize heavily doped semiconductor nanocrystals so as to achieve a plasmonic behavior with spectrally tunable features. In this work, we studied the dynamics of the localized plasmon resonance exhibited by colloidal Cu(2-x)Se nanocrystals of 13 nm in diameter and with x around 0.15, upon excitation by ultrafast laser pulses via pump-probe experiments in the near-infrared, with ∼200 fs resolution time. The experimental results were interpreted according to the two-temperature model and revealed the existence of strong nonlinearities in the plasmonic absorption due to the much lower carrier density of Cu(2-x)Se compared to noble metals, which led to ultrafast control of the probe signal with modulation depth exceeding 40% in transmission.
A 0.18-&#x00B5;m CMOS, &#x2212;92-dB THD, 105-dB<inf>A</inf> DR, third-order audio class-D amplifier (2013)

This paper presents a third-order audio class-D amplifier, implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology, achieving -92 dB of total harmonic distortion (THD) and 105 dB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</sub> of dynamic range (DR) with a quiescent current of 2 mA. The circuit delivers up to 2.4 W on a 4-Ω load with a peak efficiency of 88%. The THD performance, achieved thanks to the third-order loop filter, makes the proposed device suitable for high-end audio applications, where linear amplifiers are still the dominant solution.
Purification and characterization of a carboxylesterase involved in insecticide resistance from the mosquito <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (1992)

A carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1) involved in organophosphate insecticide resistance has been purified and characterized from the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. The monomeric enzyme has M(r) of 67,000 and a pI of 5.2. It hydrolysed medium-chain-length mono- and di-acylglycerols in addition to xenobiotic esters. Kinetic constants determined for four insecticides, temephos, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion and propoxur indicate the rates of acylation and the affinities of binding of the insecticides to this carboxylesterase are important. This supports the major role of the A2 carboxylesterase is the sequestration of the insecticide with a minor role in the slow turnover of the insecticide.
Neutralizing antibodies and immunoprotection against pertussis and tetanus obtained by use of a recombinant pertussis toxin-tetanus toxin fusion protein (1994)

The currently available diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis (DTP) vaccines are associated with a variety of problems, including undesirable side effects and inconsistent efficacy. These problems are probably related to the poor definition of such vaccines, especially with respect to the whole-cell component against pertussis. Ideal vaccines should include only immunoprotective antigens with no toxin activity. As an initial step towards obtaining a well-defined and simplified DTP vaccine, a pertussis toxin-tetanus toxin chimeric protein was constructed. A soluble form of the pertussis toxin S1 subunit was fused to the protective fragment C of tetanus toxin, and the recombinant hybrid protein was produced in Escherichia coli. The 75-kDa fusion protein (p75) was overexpressed as a soluble molecule and purified to near homogeneity by two consecutive chromatographic steps. Purified p75 retained its ability to bind to ganglioside GT1b, the receptor for tetanus toxin, and to be recognized by protective and neutralizing anti-pertussis toxin antibodies specific for conformational epitopes. When administered to mice, the hybrid protein was found to be nontoxic but immunogenic. In addition, it was capable of inducing strong protection against tetanus and some protection against pertussis, as well as eliciting a pertussis toxin-neutralizing antibody response. Although the levels of anti-pertussis toxin antibodies were rather low, neutralizing titers of the immunized mice correlated well with anti-pertussis toxin titers, indicating that protective epitopes are conserved in the recombinant protein.
International Round-Robin Tests on Solar Cell Degradation Due to Electrostatic Discharge (2010)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Functional harmonics reveal multi-dimensional basis functions underlying cortical organization (2021)

The human brain consists of specialized areas that flexibly interact to form a multitude of functional networks. Complementary to this notion of modular organization, brain function has been shown to vary along a smooth continuum across the whole cortex. We demonstrate a mathematical framework that accounts for both of these perspectives: harmonic modes. We calculate the harmonic modes of the brain's functional connectivity graph, called "functional harmonics," revealing a multi-dimensional, frequency-ordered set of basis functions. Functional harmonics link characteristics of cortical organization across several spatial scales, capturing aspects of intra-areal organizational features (retinotopy, somatotopy), delineating brain areas, and explaining macroscopic functional networks as well as global cortical gradients. Furthermore, we show how the activity patterns elicited by seven different tasks are reconstructed from a very small subset of functional harmonics. Our results suggest that the principle of harmonicity, ubiquitous in nature, also underlies functional cortical organization in the human brain.
Oxygen Regulation of Tumor Perfusion by <i>S</i> -Nitrosohemoglobin Reveals a Pressor Activity of Nitric Oxide (2005)

In erythrocytes, S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) arises from S-nitrosylation of oxygenated hemoglobin (Hb). It has been shown that SNO-Hb behaves as a nitric oxide (NO) donor at low oxygen tensions. This property, in combination with oxygen transport capacity, suggests that SNO-Hb may have unique potential to reoxygenate hypoxic tissues. The present study was designed to test the idea that the allosteric properties of SNO-Hb could be manipulated to enhance oxygen delivery in a hypoxic tumor. Using Laser Doppler flowmetry, we showed that SNO-Hb infusion to animals breathing 21% O2 reduced tumor perfusion without affecting blood pressure and heart rate. Raising the pO2 (100% O2) slowed the release of NO bioactivity from SNO-Hb (ie, prolonged the plasma half-life of the SNO in Hb), preserved tumor perfusion, and raised the blood pressure. In contrast, native Hb reduced both tumor perfusion and heart rate independently of the oxygen concentration of the inhaled gas, and did not elicit hypertensive effects. Window chamber (to image tumor arteriolar reactivity in vivo) and hemodynamic measurements indicated that the preservation of tissue perfusion by micromolar concentrations of SNO-Hb is a composite effect created by reduced peripheral vascular resistance and direct inhibition of the baroreceptor reflex, leading to increased blood pressure. Overall, these results indicate that the properties of SNO-Hb are attributable to allosteric control of NO release by oxygen in central as well as peripheral issues.