gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Combinatorial Chemistry Method for Fast Screening of Perovskite-Based NO Oxidation Catalyst (2014)

A fast parallel screening method based on combinatorial chemistry (combichem) has been developed and applied in the screening tests of perovskite-based oxide (PBO) catalysts for NO oxidation to hit a promising PBO formulation for the oxidation of NO to NO2. This new method involves three consecutive steps: oxidation of NO to NO2 over a PBO catalyst, adsorption of NOx onto the PBO and K2O/Al2O3, and colorimetric assay of the NOx adsorbed thereon. The combichem experimental data have been used for determining the oxidation activity of NO over PBO catalysts as well as three critical parameters, such as the adsorption efficiency of K2O/Al2O3 for NO2 (α) and NO (β), and the time-average fraction of NO included in the NOx feed stream (ξ). The results demonstrated that the amounts of NO2 produced over PBO catalysts by the combichem method under transient conditions correlate well with those from a conventional packed-bed reactor under steady-state conditions. Among the PBO formulations examined, La0.5Ag0.5MnO3 has been identified as the best chemical formulation for oxidation of NO to NO2 by the present combichem method and also confirmed by the conventional packed-bed reactor tests. The superior efficiency of the combichem method for high-throughput catalyst screening test validated in this study is particularly suitable for saving the time and resources required in developing a new formulation of PBO catalyst whose chemical composition may have an enormous number of possible variations.
A Voice in the Wilderness (1962)

An invitation from the editor of the British Medical Journal to tell, in its pages, something of the history of the New England Journal of Medicine, on the occasion of its hundred and fiftieth anniversary, was a pleasant surprise. Coming at about the time of our American Thanksgiving, it was accepted in that spirit by one who, as a confirmed amateur, has been associated in one capacity or another with the New England Journal of Medicine for many years. An amateur standing, how- ever, has long been a sporting proposition among those of British descent, and the New England Journal may be considered as having a heritage of British standards and traditions.
Research on multi-layer diffractive optical elements and their application to camera lenses (2002)

We developed the multi-layer diffractive optical elements to operate with visible wavelength region. The principle of the multi-layer diffractive optical elements and application to photographic lens system, EF400mm F4 DO IS USM, is reported.
A High-Efficiency Light-Collection System for Energy-Limited Infrared Emission Radiometers (1991)

An optical system that combines radiation from four solid angles about an emission source into a single beam was used in conjunction with a detector-noise-limited, flame infrared emission (FIRE) radiometer to increase the optical throughput of the f/4 polychromator dispersion system. Equations for the optical layout of the four-angle, pre-dispersion optics were derived, and the performance of the system was compared with a traditional, single solid-angle lens system. The four-angle collection optics were found to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of HCl emission at 3.77 μm by a factor of 3.8, in agreement with the theoretically expected value. The signal-to-noise performance expected for detector-noise-limited conditions, background-shot-noise-limited conditions, and background-flicker-noise-limited conditions is discussed.
Extracting Event Temporal Information Based on Web (2009)

Temporal information is an important characteristic of event. It can be used in information retrieval process to organize the returned result. In Chinese, the presentations of time expression are very complex, which make it difficult to both accurately recognize a time expression and precisely connecting it with a given event in a Web page that contains multiple events. To address these problems, this paper presents an innovative event time extraction model. Rather than just rely on local context within a Web page or a text, this model applies global context provided by all the Web pages that had been automatically judged as related with a given event. Our experiment results based on the evaluation criterions show the feasibility of the provided model.
Cell adhesion testing using novel testbeds containing micropatterns of complex nanoengineered multilayer films (2005)

Methods for producing biomaterial patterns with defined spatial distribution micro- and nano-scale features are important for studying the cellular-level interactions, including basic cell-to-material and cell-to-cell communications. This work reports on the fabrication of substrates to study cell adhesion to multicomponent micropatterns of multilayer films by coupling conventional photolithography and LbL techniques, known as the L-LbL technique. Toward this end, substrates with nanofilm micropatterns of two different bio-functionalities have been fabricated for sPLA/sub 2/ and PLL and were used for in vitro cell-culture studies using neurons, which exhibited preferential and high efficiency and selective adhesion to sPLA/sub 2/ nanofilms. These results support the immediate use of multicomponent micropatterns as biological testbeds for basic studies of cells, and provide a basis for further expansions of the fabrication processes to produce scaffolds for precise definition of cell-to-material and cell-to-cell interactions, such that the resulting constructs mimic in vivo cell organization and behavior.
Presence and destruction of tubercle bacilli in sewage. (1954)

The author examined the sewage from 5 towns with tuberculosis sanatoria and from one institution for the care of the feeble-minded, which had a tuberculosis ward, for the presence of tubercle bacilli. The 6 effluents were treated in biological-purification plants and average samples taken. These were centrifuged, and the sediment treated for 1 hour at 37 degrees C with 4% NaOH before inoculation into guinea-pigs. Tubercle bacilli were demonstrated in the influent to all the plants and in the digested sludge of all those operating on sewage where the ratio of infective patients to all persons connected with the plant was up to 1:600. Experiments with cultivated tubercle bacilli showed that centrifuging of sewage resulted in only an insignificant loss of bacilli, but that NaOH treatment caused a loss of over 99%.After consideration of the risk of infection to both man and cattle from the sewage of tuberculosis institutions, the author reports on his own studies on the killing of tubercle bacilli in sewage. It took about 11(1/2)-15 months before tubercle bacilli could no longer be demonstrated in sludge that had been kept on the drying beds. The addition of 10 mg of chlorine per litre of biologically purified effluent from an activated-sludge plant was found effectively to destroy tubercle bacilli. Disinfection of sludge was also carried out with 0.5% lysol and 0.1%-0.2% formol; 3.1% copper sulfate proved ineffective.The author concludes that the disinfection of sewage from tuberculosis institutions presents no special difficulties, but that work on this subject in different countries should be co-ordinated in an effort to improve plant and reduce costs.
IALL Program at the AECT Convention in Dallas, TX. (2019)

A systematic overview will be presented of the way various computer-based modes may be applied to the basic skill areas of language teaching including vocabulary, pronunciation, speaking, listening, reading, writing, grammar, and culture. Currently available materials
Reconstitution of the mammalian PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway in yeast (2005)

The mammalian signalling pathway involving class I PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), PTEN (phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphatase) and PKB (protein kinase B)/c-Akt has roles in multiple processes, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. To facilitate novel approaches for genetic, molecular and pharmacological analyses of these proteins, we have reconstituted this signalling pathway by heterologous expression in the unicellular eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). High-level expression of the p110 catalytic subunit of mammalian PI3K dramatically inhibits yeast cell growth. This effect depends on PI3K kinase activity and is reversed partially by a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and reversed fully by co-expression of catalytically active PTEN (but not its purported yeast orthologue, Tep1). Growth arrest by PI3K correlates with loss of PIP2 (phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) and its conversion into PIP3 (phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate). PIP2 depletion causes severe rearrangements of actin and septin architecture, defects in secretion and endocytosis, and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, Slt2. In yeast producing PIP3, PKB/c-Akt localizes to the plasma membrane and its phosphorylation is enhanced. Phospho-specific antibodies show that both active and kinase-dead PKB/c-Akt are phosphorylated at Thr308 and Ser473. Thr308 phosphorylation, but not Ser473 phosphorylation, requires the yeast orthologues of mammalian PDK1 (3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1): Pkh1 and Pkh2. Elimination of yeast Tor1 and Tor2 function, or of the related kinases (Tel1, Mec1 and Tra1), did not block Ser473 phosphorylation, implicating another kinase(s). Reconstruction of the PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway in yeast permits incisive study of these enzymes and analysis of their functional interactions in a simplified context, establishes a new tool to screen for novel agonists and antagonists and provides a method to deplete PIP2 uniquely in the yeast cell.
Barley grain with adhering hulls is controlled by an ERF family transcription factor gene regulating a lipid biosynthesis pathway (2008)

In contrast to other cereals, typical barley cultivars have caryopses with adhering hulls at maturity, known as covered (hulled) barley. However, a few barley cultivars are a free-threshing variant called naked (hulless) barley. The covered/naked caryopsis is controlled by a single locus (nud) on chromosome arm 7HL. On the basis of positional cloning, we concluded that an ethylene response factor (ERF) family transcription factor gene controls the covered/naked caryopsis phenotype. This conclusion was validated by (i) fixation of the 17-kb deletion harboring the ERF gene among all 100 naked cultivars studied; (ii) two x-ray-induced nud alleles with a DNA lesion at a different site, each affecting the putative functional motif; and (iii) gene expression strictly localized to the testa. Available results indicate the monophyletic origin of naked barley. The Nud gene has homology to the Arabidopsis WIN1/SHN1 transcription factor gene, whose deduced function is control of a lipid biosynthesis pathway. Staining with a lipophilic dye (Sudan black B) detected a lipid layer on the pericarp epidermis only in covered barley. We infer that, in covered barley, the contact of the caryopsis surface, overlaid with lipids to the inner side of the hull, generates organ adhesion.
Complement activation in sickle cell disease: Dependence on cell density, hemolysis and modulation by hydroxyurea therapy (2020)

Abstract The complement system is an innate immune defense cascade that can cause tissue damage when inappropriately activated. Evidence for complement over activation has been reported in small cohorts of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, the mechanism governing complement activation in SCD has not been elucidated. Here, we observe that the plasma concentration of sC5b‐9, a reliable marker for terminal complement activation, is increased at steady state in 61% of untreated SCD patients. We show that greater complement activation in vitro is promoted by SCD erythrocytes compared to normal ones, although no significant differences were observed in the regulatory proteins CD35, CD55, and CD59 in whole blood. Complement activation is positively correlated with the percentage of dense sickle cells (DRBCs). The expression levels of CD35, CD55, and CD59 are reduced in DRBCs, suggesting inefficient regulation when cell density increases. Moreover, the surface expression of the complement regulator CD46 on granulocytes was inversely correlated with the plasma sC5b‐9. We also show increased complement deposition in cultured human endothelial cells incubated with SCD serum, which is diminished by the addition of the heme scavenger hemopexin. Treatment of SCD patients with hydroxyurea produces substantial reductions in complement activation, measured by sC5b‐9 concentration and upregulation of CD46, as well as decreased complement activation on RBCs in vitro . In conclusion, complement over activation is a common pathogenic event in SCD that is associated with formation of DRBCs and hemolysis. And, it affects red cells, leukocytes and endothelial cells. This complement over activation is partly alleviated by hydroxyurea therapy.
Lichen Metabolites. 2. Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Activity of Gyrophoric, Usnic, and Diffractaic Acid on Human Keratinocyte Growth (1999)

The sensitivity of the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT to several lichen metabolites isolated from Parmelia nepalensis and Parmelia tinctorum was evaluated. The tridepside gyrophoric acid (6), the dibenzofuran derivative (+)-usnic acid (1), and the didepside diffractaic acid (5) were potent antiproliferative agents and inhibited cell growth, with IC50 values of 1.7, 2.1, and 2.6 microM, respectively. Methyl beta-orcinolcarboxylate (2), ethyl hematommate (3), the didepside atranorin (4), and (+)-protolichesterinic acid (7) did not influence keratinocyte growth at concentrations of 5 microM. Keratinocytes were further tested for their susceptibility to the action of the potent antiproliferative agents on plasma membrane integrity. The release of lactate dehydrogenase activity into the culture medium was unchanged as compared to controls, documenting that the activity of gyrophoric acid (6), (+)-usnic acid (1), and diffractaic acid (5) was due to cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effects.
Research in Evaluation Methods for Data Fusion-Capable Tactical Platforms and Distributed Multi-platform Systems in Electronic Warfare and Information-Warfare Related Missions (2009)

Abstract : We have shown that the design of a PE process for any multi-sensor or multi-aircraft fusion based system involves the design of a separate data fusion process involving association and estimation functions for PE purposes per se. Our publications to date have developed the theoretical and architectural groundings for this new PE process, and several case studies have been carried out to show sample implementations of the principles of this new methodology. In addition, some limited objective parametric experiments have also been carried out that show the application of the new evaluation methodology for typical aircraft problems. In this report, we summarize the findings of those past works, and show our research efforts related to extending the design and application of this methodology to air-to-air engagement problems involving higher levels of data fusion capability and the employment of electronic warfare systems. The report discusses the detailed strategies for data association, metric estimation and also the analytical techniques that exploit the formality of the methods of Statistical Design of Experiments and Analysis of Variance for these fusion applications. At the end we survey and study the various methods available in literature to solve the large factor Design of Experiment.
Improvements in SOI technology for RF switches (2015)

Over the past few years, CMOS Silicon-oninsulator (SOI) has emerged as the dominant technology for RF switches in RF front end modules for cell phones and WiFi. RF SOI technologies were created from silicon processes originally used for high speed logic applications, but the technology was modified to meet the performance needs of RF switches. The RF SOI technologies have been improved to follow the evolving system requirements for insertion loss, isolation, voltage tolerance, linearity, integration and cost. In this paper, the performance results of the latest generations of RF SOI switch technologies from IBM are reviewed and technology elements that contribute to improved performance are discussed. Future improvements are also discussed.
Functions of MutLα, Replication Protein A (RPA), and HMGB1 in 5′-Directed Mismatch Repair (2009)

A purified system comprised of MutSalpha, MutLalpha, exonuclease 1 (Exo1), and replication protein A (RPA) (in the absence or presence of HMGB1) supports 5'-directed mismatch-provoked excision that terminates after mismatch removal. MutLalpha is not essential for this reaction but enhances excision termination, although the basis of this effect has been uncertain. One model attributes the primary termination function in this system to RPA, with MutLalpha functioning in a secondary capacity by suppressing Exo1 hydrolysis of mismatch-free DNA (Genschel, J., and Modrich, P. (2003) Mol. Cell 12, 1077-1086). A second invokes MutLalpha as the primary effector of excision termination (Zhang, Y., Yuan, F., Presnell, S. R., Tian, K., Gao, Y., Tomkinson, A. E., Gu, L., and Li, G. M. (2005) Cell 122, 693-705). In the latter model, RPA provides a secondary termination function, but together with HMGB1, also participates in earlier steps of the reaction. To distinguish between these models, we have reanalyzed the functions of MutLalpha, RPA, and HMGB1 in 5'-directed mismatch-provoked excision using purified components as well as mammalian cell extracts. Analysis of extracts derived from A2780/AD cells, which are devoid of MutLalpha but nevertheless support 5'-directed mismatch repair, has demonstrated that 5'-directed excision terminates normally in the absence of MutLalpha. Experiments using purified components confirm a primary role for RPA in terminating excision by MutSalpha-activated Exo1 but are inconsistent with direct participation of MutLalpha in this process. While HMGB1 attenuates excision by activated Exo1, this effect is distinct from that mediated by RPA. Assay of extracts derived from HMGB1(+/+) and HMGB1(-/-) mouse embryo fibroblast cells indicates that HMGB1 is not essential for mismatch repair.
Towards defining unclassified symptoms: Eclectic conditions presenting in two chiropractic clinics (2011)

Objective: This paper outlines a number of obscure symptoms presenting in a clinical setting. These are usually quite distinct from the more commonly recognised symptoms one would generally find in...
Effect of Ca/P coating resorption and surgical fit on the bone/implant interface (1994)

The effect of coating resorption on bone apposition and attachment strength to resorbable hydroxyapatite (HA), nonresorbable HA-coated, and uncoated rough titanium implants was evaluated in interference- and noninterference-fit (gap of 2-3 mm) surgical models 2, 4, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Interference and noninterference fits showed differences in bone bridging. Bone apposition was circumferential around the implants in noninterference fit. Significantly greater bone apposition was seen to nonresorbable HA-coated implants than uncoated and resorbable HA-coated implants at 4 and 12 weeks. Only resorbable HA coatings showed significantly lower bone apposition for noninterference versus interference fit and from 4-12 weeks. At 2 weeks, strengths of bone attachment to resorbable HA-coated implants were greater than the other implants, and decreased to lower values (not significant) than the nonresorbable HA-coated implants at 4 and 12 weeks. Differences in push-out shear strengths between interference- and noninterference-fit surgical models were significant for uncoated implants at 4 weeks, but not for HA-coated implants at any time period. Significant differences were seen between the three implant types only for the noninterference-fit model, where the HA-coated implants showed greater strengths than the uncoated implants (significant at 2 and 4 weeks). This study showed that presence of resorbable or nonresorbable HA coatings is beneficial when a gap of 2-3 mm is present between the implant and the bone. The resorbable HA-coated implants showed greatest strengths at the early time period. At later time periods, resorbable HA-coated implants showed lower bone apposition and attachment strengths than nonresorbable HA coatings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
12.5-Gb/s analog front-end of an optical transceiver in 0.13-&#x03BC;m CMOS (2013)

In this work, a 12.5-Gb/s trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) with capacitive peaking, limiting amplifier (LA) based on the Cherry-Hooper amplifier, and high-voltage laser/modulator driver are proposed in 0.13-μm CMOS process. The TIA and the LA operate without any inductors, and the TIA achieves a trans-impedance gain of 52.9-dBΩ and a bandwidth of 14.3GHz. The TIA and the LA use the negative Miller effect to extend the bandwidth without using any inductors. The core layout occupies an area of only 35*150 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The laser/modulator driver of the transmitter drives the capacitance of the Mach-Zehnder modulator which contributes around 1.2pF. Using only thin MOS devices, the output swing of the driver exceeds 2.4V. The measurement results show the overall operating speed of 12.5-Gb/s.
Cytomegalovirus DNA in arterial walls of patients with atherosclerosis (1994)

The biological properties of cytomegalovirus (CMV) are consistent with a potential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The evidence of such a role has so far been circumstantial, but CMV nucleic acid is beginning to be reported with increasing frequency in the arterial wall. Arterial specimens from 135 patients who underwent vascular surgery for symptomatic atherosclerotic vessel disease were analyzed by PCR for the presence of CMV nucleic acid. Samples were studied from the atheromatous plaque area and from uninvolved aortic tissues of patients undergoing surgery for vascular disease. One primer pair (LA) was used for detection of a late gene, and two other primer pairs (E1 and E2) were used for the immediate early gene region. Serum antibody to CMV was measured by radioimmunoassay. With the late gene primer, CMV nucleic acid was found in 76% of the tissue specimens tested, whereas the E2 gene primer complementary to the transforming mtr2 region was reactive in 90% of the arterial samples. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of CMV DNA in atherosclerotic plaque tissue and in uninvolved aortic tissue from the patients. A second early gene primer was not reactive with the tissue specimens, although it gave positive results with the positive control of infectious virus. Serum antibody to CMV was detected in 86% of the patients in whose tissue CMV DNA was demonstrated. CMV DNA was detected in a high proportion of atherosclerotic plaque tissues as well as in uninvolved aortic tissue of surgical patients, suggesting that latent CMV infection of the arterial wall may be a common occurrence in patients with atherosclerosis.