gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-power sputter deposition of tantalum silicide films from a composite target (1985)

Thin films of tantalum silicide were sputter deposited from a cold-pressed, vacuum-sintered target in a Varian 3180 system onto Si(100) wafers. Currently, the deposition of tantalum silicide from cold-pressed, vacuum-sintered targets is performed at relatively low powers of about 1 kW. Although the use of higher deposition power is of great practical interest to obtain increased deposition rates and wafer throughput, the effect on film properties must be determined. In this paper, films deposited at powers as high as ∼3 kW were characterized. The films were annealed in a Varian IA-200 rapid isothermal annealer. In many cases, analytical measurements such as stoichiometry, stress, microstructure, and morphology were performed before and after annealing. Small variations of film properties were observed when the deposition was done on a heated substrate or on a substrate with negative dc bias voltage applied. It will be shown here that low-resistivity (60–70 μΩ cm) film of tantalum silicide can be deposited from a cold-pressed, vacuum-sintered target at much higher than usual deposition power without affecting the film characteristics significantly.
Comparison of Parkinson Disease Patients Who Fell Once with Patients Who Fell More than Once (Recurrent Fallers) (2014)

Falls are a major risk for Parkinson disease patients (PD). Single falls, in older peoplemay be related to the underlying disease or may be accidental. Recurrent falls are more likely to be related to the underlying disease. We followed 401persons with PD for a year, 205 of whom, 51.0%, fell: 161 fell once and 44 fell more than once (recurrent fallers). Recurrent fallers had PD significantly longer, 12.6 ± 7.0 versus 5.9 + 4.5 years, had significantly higher, worse, motor Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores” 31.2 ± 12.7 versus 19.7 + 8.3. The major difference between recurrent and single fallers was an inability of recurrent fallers to stand on one leg for < 3 seconds: 95% versus 11%, odds ratio 178 CI 95% 39.5 – 801.2 single fallers who are unable to stand on one foot for < 3 seconds may be at risk for recurrent falls. Gait and balance training focused on improving a patient’s ability to stand on one leg may decrease the risk of recurrent falls in PD.
[Biological effects of low dose X-irradiation on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells]. (2011)

Recent studies have shown that low dose X-irradiation shows specific effect different from high dose exposures. However, the biologic responses of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) to low dose X-irradiation have rarely been described in the literature. This study was purposed to investigate the biologic responses of human bone marrow-derived MSC to low dose X-irradiation. The proliferation of cells was tested with MTT assay, so that the cell growth curve was drawn at 1 to 7 days. The expression of survivin mRNA was detected by RT-PCR assay; the BM-MSC DNA damage induced by X-irradiation were detected with mononuclear cell gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that the proliferative ability of BM-MSC exposed to low doses of X rays was obviously enhanced as compared with control group. The low dose X-irradiation caused the damage of DNA in X-ray dose dependent manner. X-irradiation enhanced expression of survivin in MSC. It is concluded that the low dose below 20 cGy of X-irradiation has a promoting effect on survivin expression in BM-MSC. Whether the high expression of survivin plays an important role to resist ionizing radiation needs to be further studied.
A New Technique of Laparoscopic Cholangiography (1992)

With the advent and rapid proliferation of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, numerous techniques and "tips" have been described. Intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be tedious, frustrating, and time consuming. Described herein is a technique of intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy which has proven to be easy, fast, and succinct. This method utilizes a rigid cholangiogram catheter which is placed into the peritoneal cavity through a small additional puncture site. This catheter is easily inserted into the cystic duct by extracorporeal manipulation. We suggest this method to surgeons who have shared our prior frustration with intraoperative cholangiography.
Writing process in ablative optical recording (1985)

The hole formation mechanism in thin films for optical recording is studied based on the energy balance between the surface tension gradient driven force and various opposing forces. A more rigorous energy calculation using the exact temperature profiles obtained by the numerical solution to the heat equation has shown that the inertial dissipation energy is more important than the viscous energy. This improved calculation correctly predicts the threshold energy dependence on film thickness. This is an important result, since the surface tension gradient driven optical writing model has not been widely accepted due to the controversy in the thickness dependency of the threshold energy. Specifically, the previous model predicted that the thinner the film was, the lower the sensitivity would be, which is an opposite result to the experimental observation. The present work clearly demonstrates that this apparent contradiction is not due to the fundamental shortcomings of the model but to the unacceptable simplification in the previous calculations. The theory for the ablative optical writing mechanism developed in this work is illustrated in detail by using an example of 300-Å Te film on PMMA followed by the application to various materials. The experimental data agree reasonably well within the measurement errors.
Understanding the Effect of Ancillary Ligands on Concerted Metalation–Deprotonation by (<sup>dm</sup>Phebox)Ir(OAc)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O) Complexes: A DFT Study (2014)

A DFT study of (dmPhebox)Ir(OAc)2(H2O) was undertaken to understand ligand effects that control the propensity of this complex to undergo intermolecular alkane C–H activation by a concerted metalation–deprotonation (CMD) mechanism. Substitution of electronically diverse substituents at the para position of the aryl ring and exchange of the pincer oxazolinyl arms with other donor groups were calculated to minimally impact the barriers to C–H activation. It is suggested that these modifications do not influence the orbitals directly involved in the six-membered CMD transition state. The base and spectator carboxylate ligands were calculated to play two distinct roles in the activation with different electronic preferences, namely, their intrinsic basicity and trans influence/effect, respectively. Heteroaryl linkers in the pincer backbone were identified as a promising lead, yielding noticeably lower computed C–H activation barriers, due to increased electrophilicity of the cationic metal center.
Cloning and regulation of the vertebrate homologue of <i>lin</i>‐<i>41</i> that functions as a heterochronic gene in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2006)

The Caenorhabditis elegans gene lin-41 is the one of the heterochronic genes that regulate the timing of many developmental events. MicroRNA let-7 negatively regulates the expression of lin-41 through RNA-RNA interaction on its 3' untranslated region (UTR). Here, we report the isolation of chick and mouse homologues of lin-41 that encode the RBCC-NHL family protein and their expression patterns. C. elegans lin-41 is one of the RBCC-NHL families and the predicted amino acid sequences of isolated two genes encode the same family proteins. Chick and mouse lin-41 expression was also observed in developing limb buds, branchial arches, and tail buds. The 3'UTRs of the mouse and chick lin-41 genes contain multiple let-7 complementary sites. Using luciferase assay, we showed that lin-41 expression can be regulated through let-7 complementary sites.
Prenatal Diagnosis in Rett Syndrome (2002)

Recurrence within RTT families can be due to asymptomatic nonpenetrant carrier mothers or to parental germinal mosaicism for the MECP2 mutation. Since germline mosaicism can neither be predicted nor detected, families with 1 affected patient whose RTT-causing mutation has been previously identified can benefit from prenatal diagnosis which contributes to a decrease in the recurrence risk in a new pregnancy comparable to that of the normal population.
Understanding the Role of NH<sub>4</sub>F and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Surface Co-modification on Lithium-Excess Layered Oxide Li<sub>1.2</sub>Ni<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.6</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (2015)

In this work we prepared Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 (LNMO) using a hydroxide co-precipitation method and investigated the effect of co-modification with NH4F and Al2O3. After surface co-modification, the first cycle Coulombic efficiency of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 improved from 82.7% to 87.5%, and the reversible discharge capacity improved from 253 to 287 mAh g(-1) at C/20. Moreover, the rate capability also increased significantly. A combination of neutron diffraction (ND), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (a-STEM)/electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the changes of surface structure and chemistry after NH4F and Al2O3 surface co-modification while the bulk properties showed relatively no changes. These complex changes on the material's surface include the formation of an amorphous Al2O3 coating, the transformation of layered material to a spinel-like phase on the surface, the formation of nanoislands of active material, and the partial chemical reduction of surface Mn(4+). Such enhanced discharge capacity of the modified material can be primarily assigned to three aspects: decreased irreversible oxygen loss, the activation of cathode material facilitated with preactivated Mn(3+) on the surface, and stabilization of the Ni-redox pair. These insights will provide guidance for the surface modification in high-voltage-cathode battery materials of the future.
Site-specific glycan analysis of human chorionic gonadotropin  -subunit from malignancies and pregnancy by liquid chromatography--electrospray mass spectrometry (2006)

Glycosylation is an important posttranslational modification in proteins, and aberrant glycosylation occurs in malignancies. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone produced in high concentrations during pregnancy. It is also expressed as particular glycoforms by certain malignancies. These glycoforms, which are called "hyperglycosylated" hCG (hCGh), have been reported to contain more complex glycan moieties. We have analyzed tryptic glycopeptides of the beta-subunit of hCG of various origins by liquid chromatography (LC) connected to an electrospray mass spectrometer. Site-specific glycan structures were visualized by the use of differential expression analysis software. hCGbeta was purified from urine of two patients with testicular cancer, one with choriocarcinoma, one with an invasive mole, two pregnant women at early and late gestation, from a pharmaceutical preparation and culture medium of a choriocarcinoma cell line. N-glycans at Asn-13 and Asn-30 as well as O-glycans at Ser-121, Ser-127, Ser-132, and Ser-138 were characterized. In all samples, the major type of N-glycan was a biantennary complex-type structure, but triantennary structures linked to Asn-30 as well as fucosylation of the Asn-13-bound glycan are increased in cancer-derived hCGbeta. There were significant site-specific differences in the O-glycans, with constant core-2 glycans at Ser-121, core-1 glycans at Ser-138, and putative sites unoccupied by any glycan. Core-2 glycans at either Ser-127 or Ser-132 were enriched in cancer. The glycans of free hCGbeta were larger and had a higher fucose content of Asn-13-linked oligosaccharides than intact hCG. This may facilitate the detection of this malignancy-associated variant by a lectin assay. Analysis of hCGh affinity purified with antibody B152 confirmed that this antibody recognizes a core-2 glycan on Ser-132.
Somatostatin Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis (1988)

Eighteen patients with psoriatic arthritis were treated for 48 hours with an infusion of somatostatin 250 micrograms/hr diluted in a 5% glucose solution. This therapy led to a reduction of joint pain and satisfactory clearing of cutaneous lesions immediately after treatment in eight patients, less marked results in four, and null in four. Two patients were dropped from the study because of negative side effects during administration of the drug. Fifteen days after treatment, the clearing of lesions and joint pain reduction were even more pronounced. The most encouraging results were obtained on erythrodermic and large plaque psoriasis and on the polyarticular involvement. We suggest that the use of this drug, whose side effects are discussed, should be limited to patients with polyarthritis showing severe cutaneous involvement.
Tribunales de excepción (2018)

Libre comercio: Los tribunales de arbitraje, que permiten a un inversor extranjero llevar ante la justicia a un Estado, provocan polemica.
Effect of noise on the vestibular system - Vestibular evoked potential studies in rats. (1999)

Studies have shown that in order for sound to affect the vestibular end organs in the inner ear, very high intensities are required. Furthermore, in patients with noise induced hearing loss, vestibular signs, if present, are subclinical. In order to study possible auditory-vestibular interactions in a more controlled fashion, using physiological sound intensities, the present study used short latency vestibular evoked potentials (VsEPs) to impulses of angular (15,000 degrees /sec(2), risetime 1.5 msec) and linear (3-5 g, risetime 1.5 msec) acceleration were used to study the possible effects of sound on peripheral vestibular function in rats. Four different paradigms were used: a - an intense (135 dB pe SPL) click stimulus was presented 5 msec before the linear acceleration impulse and the VsEP to 128 stimuli were recorded with and without this click stimulus. There was no effect of the preceding intense click on the first wave (reflecting end organ activity) of the linear VsEP. b - 113 dB SPL white noise "masking" was presented while the VsEPs were elicited. A 10-20% reduction in the amplitude of the first VsEP wave was seen during the noise exposure, but 5 minutes after this exposure, there was almost complete recovery to pre-exposure amplitude. c - 113 dB SPL noise was presented for one hour and VsEPs were recorded within 15 minutes of cessation of the noise. The auditory nerve-brainstem-evoked response showed a temporary threshold shift while there was no effect on the VsEP. d - 113 dB SPL white noise was presented for 12 hours per day for 21 consecutive days. Auditory nerve-brainstem-evoked responses and vestibular (VsEPs) function were studied one week after the conclusion of the noise exposure. Auditory function was severely permanently depressed (40 dB threshold elevation and clear histological damage) while the amplitude of wave 1 of the VsEP was not affected. It seems therefore that even though intense noise clearly affects the cochlea and may have a "masking" effect on the vestibular end organs, the intensities used in this study (113 dB SPL) are not able to produce a long-term noise induced vestibular disorder in the initially normal ear. These differences between the response of the cochlear and vestibular end organs to noise may be due to dissimilarities in their acoustic impedances and/or their electrical resting potential.
Ratio control of CVT on dynamic characteristics (2010)

If vehicle speed changes frequently, the delay characteristics of the ratio control of the metal belt type continuously variable transmission (CVT) will have a negative impact on the automobile fuel economy. To solve the above problem, this study increased amendment on speed signal of the driven wheel on the foundation of the conventional control strategy, improved the target speed ratio control algorithm, and solved the problem of deviation of operating point of the engine caused by the delay characteristics. The experiment results show that the modified engine control strategy reduced the working point deviation from the best economy working line, and increased the car's fuel economy.
LINAC-Based Spinal Stereotactic Radiosurgery (1996)

The authors' report on the use of a prototype spinal stereotactic radiosurgery frame which was employed for the treatment of 9 patients who presented with recurrent neoplastic involvement of the spinal column. All patients had failed standard therapy consisting of surgery, external fractionated radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. Eight of the lesions represented metastatic tumors in the vertebral column, one of the lesions was a primary osteosarcoma involving multiple vertebral bodies. The lesions were found at multiple levels, from the cervical through the sacral region. Six out of the 9 patients presented with epidural compression: 4 of the 9 patients with evidence of myelopathy: 2 of the 9 patients with radicular symptoms secondary to compression from the tumor, and 1 patient was free of any compressive symptoms. All patients had pain requiring narcotics. Patients were treated with a median radiosurgical dose of 800 cGy (range 800-1.000) with a median of 1 isocenter (range 1-7 isocenters) and median normalization of 80% to the isodose contour (range 80-160). Median dose delivered to the already prior irradiated spinal cord was 179 cGy (range 52-320 cGy) with a median spinal cord dose of 34 (range 4-68). To date, there have been three minor complications: one radiation-induced esophagitis which was treated medically: one wound infection, and 1 patient requiring an additional 24 h of hospitalization stay. There have been no major complications. To date, 5 of the 9 patients have died, all from causes unrelated to the spinal radiosurgery. Three out of the 9 patients have been followed for more than 1 year. In all 3, there was radiographic regression of the tumor and epidural compression. In 2 patients, there was histologic confirmation of absence of tumor in the treated site: in 1 patient. no tumor was found at postmortem. 12 months after treatment, when the patient died of unrelated causes. Although the number of patients followed is limited, the phase I study clearly shows the technical feasibility of spinal radiosurgery for the control of metastatic involvement of the vertebral column even in the face of epidural compression.
Evolving Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology of Acute Otitis Media in the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era (2007)

The addition of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) to the routine immunization schedule in the United States for infants has produced a much more favorable impact on the incidence of acute otitis media (AOM) than anticipated. Because the serotypes included in PCV7 were those most frequently expressing antibiotic resistance in 2001, predictions were made that up to 98% of pneumococcal AOM episodes would be caused by penicillin susceptible strains. However, recent studies have shown that the benefits of PCV7 are becoming eroded. Replacement serotypes of pneumococci have emerged, expressing polysaccharide capsules different from those included in PCV7, with increasing frequency. These replacement strains are coming to dominate in the nasopharynx and in AOM isolates (and in invasive disease). Expansion in the isolation of serotypes 3, 7F, 15B/C/F, 19A, 22F, 33F, and 38 has been described in various surveillance systems. Pneumococcal strains expressing non-PCV7 capsular serotypes also appear to be rapidly acquiring resistance to penicillin and other antibiotics. Emergence of strains of pneumococci expressing non-PCV7 capsular serotypes is occurring by multiple mechanisms including capsular switching as suggested by molecular epidemiology studies. Expansion of the number of serotypes included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines is needed to sustain a long-term benefit from immunization against these bacteria.
Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracking (1995)

Abstract : In a multitarget, multimeasurement environment, knowledge of the measurement-to-track assignments is typically unavailable to the tracking algorithm. This study is a probabilistic approach to the measurement-to-track assignment problem. Measurements are not assigned to tracks as in traditional multi-hypothesis tracking (MHT) algorithms; Instead, the probability that each measurement belongs to each track is estimated using a maximum a posteriori (MAP) method. These measurement-to-track probability estimates are intrinsic to the multitarget tracker called the probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracking (PMHT) algorithm. The PMHT algorithm is computationally practical because it requires neither enumeration of measurement-to-track assignments nor pruning. The PMHT algorithm is an optimal MAP multitarget tracking algorithm. (AN)
Engene: A genetic algorithm classifier for content-based recommender systems that does not require continuous user feedback (2010)

We present Engene, a genetic algorithm based classifier which is designed for use in content-based recommender systems. Once bootstrapped Engene does not need any human feedback. Although it is primarily used as an on-line classifier, in this paper we present its use as a one-class document batch classifier and compare its performance against that of a one-class k-NN classifier.
A practical method of suppressing photovoltaic noise in Fe:LiNbO 3 (2005)

A practical method of suppressing photovoltaic noise in photorefractive iron doped lithium niobate crystals (Fe:LiNbO<sub>3</sub>) is proposed, in which the surfaces of the crystal are coated with transparent electric-conductive material (In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> doped stannum, ITO) forcing the crystal to operate in a short-circuit mode. In order to assess the validity of this method, the loss of signal-to-noise ratio (LSNR) was used to evaluate the quality of images formed directly through uncoated and ITO- coated crystals respectively. Several iron doped lithium niobate crystals were measured. The main experimental results showed that the scattering noise decreased obviously in the ITO-coated crystals, suggesting that the short-circuit operation suppressed photovoltaic noise effectively. Furthermore, it is found that the dynamic range (<i>M#</i>) of the crystals increased after they were coated with ITO. The results of experiments on multiple hologram recordings in the uncoated and ITO-coated Fe:LiNbO<sub>3</sub> crystal verified the improvement of <i>M#</i> well.