gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast inter mode decision using residual homogeneity in H.264/AVC (2013)

The H.264/AVC coding standard has achieved significant coding gain by using flexible block sizes inter prediction. However, the complexity of inter-mode decision is extremely high. In this paper, a fast inter-mode decision algorithm is presented by exploiting residual homogeneity for both macroblock and sub-macroblock levels. In this algorithm, the residual homogeneity indicators calculated in three directions are used to identify the block's homogeneous characteristic. Normalized motion vector activity is also considered to improve the performance. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed algorithm achieves about 49% of computational complexity saving in terms of encoding time, while with negligible quality degradation, compared to H.264/AVC reference software JM.
ADVANCES IN DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AT LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY (2000)

This paper describes recent advances in work on direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCS) at Los Alamos
Two-color HgCdTe infrared staring focal plane arrays (2003)

Raytheon Vision Systems (RVS) in collaboration with HRL Laboratories is contributing to the maturation and manufacturing readiness of third-generation two-color HgCdTe infrared staring focal plane arrays (FPAs). This paper will highlight data from the routine growth and fabrication of 256x256 30μm unit-cell staring FPAs that provide dual-color detection in the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) spectral regions. FPAs configured for MWIR/MWIR, MWIR/LWIR and LWIR/LWIR detection are used for target identification, signature recognition and clutter rejection in a wide variety of space and ground-based applications. Optimized triple-layer-heterojunction (TLHJ) device designs and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth using in-situ controls has contributed to individual bands in all two-color FPA configurations exhibiting high operability (>99%) and both performance and FPA functionality comparable to state-of-the-art single-color technology. The measured spectral cross talk from out-of-band radiation for either band is also typically less than 10%. An FPA architecture based on a single mesa, single indium bump, and sequential mode operation leverages current single-color processes in production while also providing compatibility with existing second-generation technologies.
How accurately can parameters from exponential models be estimated? A Bayesian view (2005)

Estimating the amplitudes and decay rate constants of exponentially decaying signals is an important problem in NMR. Understanding how the uncertainty in the parameter estimates depends on the data acquisition parameters and on the “true” but unknown values of the exponential signal parameters is an important step in designing experiments and determining the amount and quality of the data that must be gathered to make good parameter estimates. In this article, Bayesian probability theory is applied to this problem. Explicit relationships between the data acquisition parameters and the “true” but unknown exponential signal parameters are derived for the cases of data containing one and two exponential signal components. Because uniform prior probabilities are purposely employed, the results are broadly applicable to experimental parameter estimation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 27A: 73–83, 2005
Anderson localization makes adiabatic quantum optimization fail (2010)

Understanding NP-complete problems is a central topic in computer science (NP stands for nondeterministic polynomial time). This is why adiabatic quantum optimization has attracted so much attention, as it provided a new approach to tackle NP-complete problems using a quantum computer. The efficiency of this approach is limited by small spectral gaps between the ground and excited states of the quantum computer's Hamiltonian. We show that the statistics of the gaps can be analyzed in a novel way, borrowed from the study of quantum disordered systems in statistical mechanics. It turns out that due to a phenomenon similar to Anderson localization, exponentially small gaps appear close to the end of the adiabatic algorithm for large random instances of NP-complete problems. This implies that unfortunately, adiabatic quantum optimization fails: The system gets trapped in one of the numerous local minima.
Tumor‐derived EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) stimulates collagenase transcription through MAPK p38 (1998)

EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) stimulates fibroblast metalloproteinases (MMP) 1, 2 and 3 (Kataoka et al. (1993) Cancer Res. 53, 3154-3158). Here we focus on MMP-1, showing that in lung tumors, MMP-1's cognate mRNA is strongly expressed in stromal fibroblasts adjacent to EMMPRIN-expressing tumor cells. In vitro, EMMPRIN upregulates MMP-1 mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with a peak accumulation at 24 h. The response is genistein-sensitive, suggesting it is dependent on tyrosine kinase activity. Analysis of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent MAP kinases ERK 1/2, SAPK/JNK, and p38 showed that the activity of p38 but not that of the other 2 kinases was elevated in response to EMMPRIN. That p38 activity was required for EMMPRIN stimulation of MMP-1 was evident from results showing that the p38 inhibitor SB203580 blocked this response. This is the first available information regarding the mechanism by which tumor-associated molecules upregulate MMP synthesis in stromal fibroblasts.
A Lightweight Authentication Protocol for UAV Networks Based on Security and Computational Resource Optimization (2021)

The widespread use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) has made the security and computing resource application efficiency of UAV a hot topic in the security field of the Internet of Things. In this paper, an optimized lightweight identity security authentication protocol, Optimized Identity Authentication Protocol (ODIAP) is proposed for Internet of Drones (IoD) networks. The protocol is targeted to the security risks faced by IoD networks, and proposes the security authentication mechanism consisting of 3 phases and 7 authentication processes, which enables the protocol has both forward and backward security, and can resist mainstream network attacks. Meanwhile, this paper fully considers the computational load and proposes the identity information generation and verification method based on the Chinese residual theorem, which reduces the computational load of resource-constrained nodes and shifts the complex computational process to server nodes with abundant computational resources. Moreover, after security protocol analysis and tool verification based on the automated security verification tool Proverif, the protocol in this paper has complete security. At the same time, the performance analysis and comparison with other mainstream protocols shows that this protocol effectively optimizes the use of computing resources without compromising security.
Stable carbon isotope analysis of coal/petroleum coprocessing products (1988)

Coprocessing involves the simultaneous upgrading of coal and petroleum resid by catalytic hydroconversion. To obtain a kinetic/mechanistic description of the process, it is useful if not necessary to be able to distinguish the relative contributions of coal and petroleum to the product mixtures. In this paper, the method of stable carbon isotope ratio analysis is shown to be sufficiently sensitive to determine the relative concentrations of coal and petroleum carbon in coprocessing products. Selective isotopic fractionation does not appear to occur to a significant extent, although additional work is needed to confirm this preliminary conclusion. Application of the method to the coprocessing of Wyodak and Illinois 6 coals with a Lloydminster resid by the Signal Research/UOP process is shown to yield valid results of use in process interpretation and optimization.
Use of a spatial filter for phase locking of a laser array (1990)

An experimental investigation was made of a new method for phase locking of a periodic laser array. The advantages of the method include an afocal position of a spatial filter and the ease of variation of the coefficient representing the coupling between the lasers in the array, which makes it possible to select the optimal value of this coefficient to ensure the highest total radiation power.
Reaction injection molding of mica reinforced polyurethane (1986)

Abstract Reaction injection molded polyurethanes are reinforced with inorganic materials to improve stiffness and structural integrity at elevated temperatures and to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion. This work describes the reinforcement obtained with an experimental grade of mica designed to achieve low viscosity of mica suspensions in polyol. The effect of mica on properties is essentially identical to that of glass flake (i.e., improved stiffness at the cost of reduced impact strength). Compared to hammer milled glass fiber, mica and glass flakes yield more isotropic, albeit weaker, materials. The study of unreinforced polyurethane shows that mechanical properties (tensile and impact strength, flexural modulus) are approximately proportional to the square of foam density.
Oregon, public health and social control (1992)

(1992). Oregon, public health and social control. Critical Public Health: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 12-16.
Regional variation in capillary hemodynamics in the cat retina. (1998)

Quantification of the bloodflow in retinal microcirculation was possible using GRIN lens endoscopy and showed significant regional heterogeneity in the cat retina.
Growth rate and composition calibration of III/V materials on GaAs and InP using reflection high-energy electron diffraction oscillations (1991)

The use of reflection high-energy electron diffraction oscillations to obtain lattice-matched In0.53Ga0.47As and In0.52Al0.48As on InP is described. This method has also been extended to the growth of strained InyGa1−yAs and InxAl1−xAs on InP as well as that of quaternary In1−x−yGaxAlyAs compositions, lattice-matched in InP.
Protection against<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Chronic Lung Infection in Mice by Genetic Immunization against Outer Membrane Protein F (OprF) of<i>P. aeruginosa</i> (2001)

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa major constitutive outer membrane porin protein OprF, which has previously been shown to be a protective antigen, was targeted as a DNA vaccine candidate. The oprF gene was cloned into plasmid vector pVR1020, and the plasmid vaccines were delivered to mice by biolistic (gene gun) intradermal inoculation. Antibody titers in antisera from immunized mice were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the elicited antibodies were shown to be specifically reactive to OprF by immunoblotting. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) immune response was predominantly of the IgG1 isotype. Sera from DNA vaccine-immunized mice had significantly greater opsonic activity in opsonophagocytic assays than did sera from control mice. Following the initial immunization and two consecutive boosts, each at 2-week intervals, protection was demonstrated in a mouse model of chronic pulmonary infection by P. aeruginosa. Eight days postchallenge, both lungs were removed and examined. A significant reduction in the presence of severe macroscopic lesions, as well as in the number of bacteria present in the lungs, was seen. Based on these findings, genetic immunization with oprF has potential for development as a vaccine to protect humans against infection by P. aeruginosa.
COVALENT, a method for co-designing value exchange in community-centred design (2017)

It is challenging to design for mutually beneficial relationships in a multi-actor service system when these actors have diverse and conflicting interests, and lack usable methods and tools that support the design process. This study introduces a novel method for co-designing value exchange (COVALENT). COVALENT integrates the value analysis model, co-design strategy and service design tools, to support the conceptualisation of reciprocal value exchanges based on the analysis of and matching between, stakeholders’ needs and resources. Its perceived effectiveness was validated through application to the development of community business models in Ulsan, South Korea. This study contributes to the knowledge of co-design by providing a method for co-designing services that aim to achieve reciprocal value exchanges in the context of community-centred design and by discussing the effectiveness of that method as perceived by users.
Unsupervised Sequence Classification using Sequential Output Statistics (2017)

We consider learning a sequence classifier without labeled data by using sequential output statistics. The problem is highly valuable since obtaining labels in training data is often costly, while the sequential output statistics (e.g., language models) could be obtained independently of input data and thus with low or no cost. To address the problem, we propose an unsupervised learning cost function and study its properties. We show that, compared to earlier works, it is less inclined to be stuck in trivial solutions and avoids the need for a strong generative model. Although it is harder to optimize in its functional form, a stochastic primal-dual gradient method is developed to effectively solve the problem. Experiment results on real-world datasets demonstrate that the new unsupervised learning method gives drastically lower errors than other baseline methods. Specifically, it reaches test errors about twice of those obtained by fully supervised learning.
Suppression by thymidine-requiring mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 (1984)

Thymidine-requiring strains of Escherichia coli isolated by trimethoprim selection often simultaneously acquire the ability to suppress bacteriophage T4 nonsense mutations. Suppression is lost in Thy+ revertants and recombinants, but is sometimes retained in thyA plasmid-bearing transformants. Suppression is restricted in Strr derivatives of the Thy- mutants, indicating that suppression occurs at the level of translation.
Crystallization and stereo assocation of stereoregular PMMA, 2. Crystallization behavious of the stereocomplex in comparison with that of pure stereoregular PMMA (1983)

Abstract The crystallization behaviour of stereoregular PMMA was studied by means of DSC and X‐ray measurements. Both nucleation and crystallization rates of i‐PMMA. are slower by orders of magnitude compared with s‐PMMA and with the 1:1‐i/s‐stereocomplex of PMMA. The investigation of the nucleation and crystallization of i‐PMMA by means of the DSC method leads to the results that both nucleation and crystallization rates show a maximum in the region between melting and glass transition temperature. As a result of the fast crystallization rates of s‐PMMA and the stereocomplex, however, these polymers do crystallize without annealing showing a very broad distribution of crystallite sizes. From the shape of the melting curves as a function of annealing time it can be concluded that the crystallization of i‐PMMA gels leads to the formation of a physical network, which contains small and big crystallites. The results of the measurements allow the determination of the heat of stereocomplex formation. The value found of 24 J · g −1 agrees with values obtained directly on mixing dilute solutions of i‐ and s‐PMMA. As a result of calorimetric measurements the liquidus curves of the quasi‐binary systems of solvent ( o ‐xylene) and stereoregular PMMA are obtained. Taking into account data of former work for the quasi‐binary system of i‐PMMA and s‐PMMA, the shape of the liquidus surface in the quasi‐ternary system of i‐PMMA, s‐PMMA, and solvent ( o ‐xylene) can be constructed.
Adaptive impulse response modeling for interactive sound propagation (2016)

We present novel techniques to accelerate the computation of impulse responses for interactive sound rendering. Our formulation is based on geometric acoustic algorithms that use ray tracing to compute the propagation paths from each source to the listener in large, dynamic scenes. In order to accelerate generation of realistic acoustic effects in multi-source scenes, we introduce two novel concepts: the impulse response cache and an adaptive frequency-driven ray tracing algorithm that exploits psychoacoustic characteristics of the impulse response length. As compared to prior approaches, we trace relatively fewer rays while maintaining high simulation fidelity for real-time applications. Furthermore, our approach can handle highly reverberant scenes and high-dynamic-range sources. We demonstrate its application in many scenarios and have observed a 5x speedup in computation time and about two orders of magnitude reduction in memory overhead compared to previous approaches. We also present the results of a preliminary user evaluation of our approach.
Activation of the alternative complement pathway of guinea-gip by liposomes incorporated with trinitrophenylated phosphatidylethanolamine. (1982)

By incorporation of trinitrophenylamino-caproyldipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (TNP-Cap-DPPE) into liposomes composed of an equimolecular mixture of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and cholesterol (TNP-Cap-liposomes), liposomes became readily lysed by guinea-pig serum (GPS) in Mg++-EGTA-GVB (gelatin veronal buffered saline containing 2 mM MgCl2 and 10 mM ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-amino-ethyl ether)N-N'-tetraacetate) as well as in GVB++ (gelatin veronal buffered saline containing 0.15 mM CaCl2 and 0.5 mM MgCl2). Since the classical complement pathway (CCP) does not work in Mg++-EGTA-GVB, TNP-Cap-liposome lysis by GPS in Mg++-EGTA-GVB was thought to be mediated by the activation of the alternative complement pathway (ACP). This conclusion was supported by observations that heating of GPS at 50 degrees impaired its lytic activity while C4-deficient GPS was capable of lytic activity, no lysis occurred in EDTA, and there was noted consumption of complement in GPS treated with TNP-Cap-liposomes at 30 degrees. For TNP-Cap-liposome lysis by GPS in Mg++-EGTA-GVB, the epitope density of the TNP hapten was required to be 5% or more of the DMPC. Changing the acyl group of the phosphatidylcholine (PC) significantly influenced the ACP activating capacity of TNP-Cap-liposome. Dipalmitoyl-PC, DMPC and distearoyl-PC facilitated the ACP activating capacity of the TNP-Cap-liposome, while dilauroyl-PC, egg-PC and dioleoyl-PC did not. Furthermore, the length of spacer between TNP and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) also influenced the ACP activating capacity and maximum activation was noted when the spacer was aminocaproyl. These physicochemical characteristics which increase the ACP activating capacity coincided with those reported to increase the immunogenicity of hapten-sensitized liposomes.
Uniqueness for a Boundary Identification Problem in Thermal Imaging (1996)

An inverse problem for an initial-boundary value problem is considered.The goal is to determine an unknown portion of the boundary of a region in R n from measurements of Cauchy data on a known portion of the boundary.The dynamics in the interior of the region are governed by a differential operator of parabolic type.Utilizing a unique continuation result for evolution operators, along with the method of eigenfunction expansions, it is shown that uniqueness holds for a large and physically reasonable class of Cauchy data pairs.
[Interpretation of increased D-dimer values]. (2004)

The determination of the concentration of D-dimers is involved in the diagnostic strategy in thromboembolic diseases. However, this parameter is not suited for routine screening. Its high predictive-negative value is proved for the exclusion of thrombosis or pulmonary embolism in case of negative test result. Since a range of diseases and physiological conditions lead to increased D-dimer values, a positive D-dimer result does not verify the diagnosis of thromboembolism.
Application of Periodic Theory to Rows of Piles for Horizontal Vibration Attenuation (2011)

One of the most important phenomena in periodic structures is the existence of the band of frequency gaps (BFGs). Elastic waves with frequencies in BFGs cannot propagate in the medium. Therefore, the BFGs can be used to reduce the dynamic response of structures behind periodic pile barriers. Although many achievements have been reported on piles as barriers, the periodic nature of rows of piles has not been considered thus far. In the present paper, the periodic theory of solid-state physics is introduced. The BFGs of two-dimensional periodic rows of piles are obtained. The effect of physical parameters such as soil density and elastic modulus, as well as the geometrical parameters of pile barriers on the BFGs, was investigated. The results show that vibrations can be greatly reduced within the range of the BFGs. Increasing the filling fraction or choosing different configurations can achieve wider BFGs. Moreover, periodic pile barriers with softer soil and a larger periodic constant can produce the lower bound frequency.
Bcl-2 blocks loss of mitochondrial membrane potential while ICE inhibitors act at a different step during inhibition of death induced by respiratory chain inhibitors. (1996)

Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, CrmA and tetrapeptide ICE inhibitor reduce the extent of necrotic cell death induced by cyanide, which primarily damages mitochondria. Although none of them affects the drastic decrease in ATP levels induced by cyanide, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL but not CrmA or ICE inhibitor inhibit the cyanide-induced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. A similar blocking effect is observed on necrotic cell death induced by other respiration inhibitors, rotenone and antimycin A, and on apoptotic cell death induced by etoposide or calcium ionophore. These results indicate that Bc1-2 and Bcl-xL protect mitochondria against the loss of function during both apoptosis and at least some forms of necrotic cell death. The ICE family proteases act at a different step other than the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.
Ensemble Deep Learning for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (2020)

Because the diagnostic accuracy of OCTA images is shown to be greater than the manually extracted features currently used in the literature, the proposed methods may be beneficial toward developing clinically valuable solutions for DR diagnoses.