gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible scan interface architecture for complex SoCs (2016)

Non-standardized scan interface within and across system-on-chips (SoCs) limits test-data reuse for intellectual properties (IPs). To overcome this limitation, we present a flexible and dynamic scan interface architecture that enables reuse of test-data for a given IP across SoCs with different scan pin configurations. The dynamic nature of this architecture also enables variable shift frequencies across different IPs in a given SoC. The architecture decouples the scan pin requirements from the design cycle of the IPs. It also uses bidirectional scan pins to further reduce test cost by using as few as two pins.
Model simplification and loss of irreversibility (2016)

In this paper, we reveal a general relationship between model simplification and irreversibility based on the model of continuous-time Markov chains with time-scale separation. According to the topological structure of the fast process, we divide the states of the chain into the transient states and the recurrent states. We show that a two-time-scale chain can be simplified to a reduced chain in two different ways: removal of the transient states and aggregation of the recurrent states. Both the two operations will lead to a decrease in the entropy production rate and its adiabatic part and will keep its nonadiabatic part the same. This suggests that although model simplification can retain almost all the dynamic information of the chain, it will lose some thermodynamic information as a trade-off.
Uma massa abdominal incaracterística na idade pediátrica – Síndrome de Rapunzel (2018)

O síndrome de Rapunzel é uma condição rara, resultante de um tricobezoar que se prolonga para o duodeno e/ou jejuno através do piloro. Este é condicionado pela presença de uma “bola de cabelo” ocupando o lúmen gástrico, sendo responsável por obstrução do esvaziamento gástrico. Apresentamos um caso de uma criança de 11 anos com dor abdominal e vómitos, com evidência de uma massa abdominal ao exame clínico, tendo-se documentado achados radiológicos compatíveis com esta condição, posteriormente confirmados na exploração cirúrgica.
Fabrication of high-mobility p-channel poly-Si thin film transistors by self-aligned metal-induced lateral crystallization (1996)

High-mobility p-channel poly-Si TFTs were fabricated using a new low-temperature process (/spl les/500/spl deg/C): self-aligned metal-induced lateral crystallization (MILC). With a one-step annealing at 500/spl deg/C, activation of dopants in source/drain/gate a-Si films as well as the crystallization of channel a-Si films was achieved. The TFTs showed a threshold voltage of -1.7 V, and an on/off current ratio of /spl sim/10/sup 7/ without post-hydrogenation. The mobility was measured to be as high as 90 cm/sup 2//V/spl middot/s, which is two to three times higher than that of the poly-Si TFTs fabricated by conventional solid-phase crystallization at around 600/spl deg/C.
Prominent symmetry points as landmarks in fingerprint images for alignment (2003)

For the alignment of two fingerprints the position of certain landmarks are needed. These should be automatically extracted with a low misidentification rate. As landmarks we suggest the prominent symmetry points (core-points) in the fingerprint. They are extracted from the complex orientation field estimated from the global structure of the fingerprint, i.e. the overall pattern of the ridges and valleys. Complex filters, applied to the orientation field in multiple resolution scales, are used to detect the symmetry and the type of symmetry. Experimental results are reported.
Laser-patterned interconnect for thin-film hybrid wafer-scale circuits (1987)

High-performance electronic systems are often constrained by conventional packaging and interconnection technologies. A new technique is described for electrically connecting integrated circuit chips to a silicon wafer interconnection substrate, enabling future fabrication of hybrid wafer-scale circuits to be performed exclusively with thin-film interconnection technology. Thin-film wiring is fabricated down beveled edges of the chips and patterned using discretionary laser etching techniques. Interconnections on a 25-µm pitch (1600 wires around a 1-cm square chip) were achieved with this approach. Functioning hybrid memory modules have been fabricated to demonstrate feasibility of the technology.
Evidence for coexistence of GABA and dopamine in neurons of the rat olfactory bulb (1987)

Immunoreactivities for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the dopamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were localized ultrastructurally and colocalized at the light microscopic level in neurons of the rat main olfactory bulb. By means of a simultaneous indirect immunofluorescence technique, GABA and TH immunoreactivities were found to coexist in a large number of neurons in the glomerular and external plexiform layers. Virtually all the TH-immunoreactive periglomerular neurons also contained GABA immunoreactivity (GABA-I) while there was an additional number of GABA-immunoreactive periglomerular cells (27%) which did not contain TH immunoreactivity (TH-I). In contrast, the numerous tufted-type neurons in the glomerular and superficial external plexiform layers which contained TH-I did not contain GABA-I. In the external plexiform layer (EPL), 41% of the immunoreactive neurons contained GABA-I alone, 24% contained TH-I alone, and 35% contained both. EPL neurons containing GABA-I only or both GABA-I and TH-I never exhibited tufted cell morphological characteristics and were generally of the short-axon type. Electron microscopic examination of GABA-I and TH-I elements in the glomerular layer detected morphologically similar periglomerular perikarya and intraglomerular processes immunoreactive for each substance and other neurons and processes of the same type containing neither GABA-I or TH-I. These data indicate that the classical neurotransmitters GABA and dopamine coexist in large numbers of neurons in the rat main olfactory bulb including characteristic periglomerular cells and certain other local-circuit neuronal types.
Automatic detection and tracking of longitudinal changes of multiple bone metastases from dual energy CT (2016)

Early detection and the assessment of changes in bone metastatic cancers can enable clinicians to monitor disease progression and modify treatment to help achieve improved results for patients. However, poor contrast makes detection difficult, and multiple disease sites make tracking of their changes over time difficult. We present a method for automatically detecting and tracking the longitudinal changes in multiple sclerotic bone metastases from Dual Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) images. We employ a multi-stage approach involving (i) bone and marrow extraction, (ii) slice-wise lesion candidate detection and volumetric segmentation, and (iii) aggregation of these 3D candidates. The algorithm achieved 78% agreement with radiologist identified lesions from 10 patients. Longitudinal consistency in the lesion detection computed over 26 scans using Williams' index was 1.02 ± 0.23 using DICE and 1.03±0.30 using Hausdorff metrics. We also present preliminary results for analyzing lesion material composition changes by using a novel representation computed from the DECT images, where clear differences between bone metastases and normal marrow can be seen.
All-fiber, high power single-frequency linearly polarized ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (2011)

We report an all-fiber high power, single frequency large-mode area (LMA) linearly polarized ytterbiumdoped fiber amplifiers (YDFA) module, which is based on the master oscillator multi-stage power amplifiers (MOPA).The maximum output power is 43.8 W at a wavelength of 1064 nm when 60-W launched pump light is coupled, with high slope efficiency of 88%, polarization extinction rate (PER) >17.2 dB and nearly diffraction-limited beam quality (M 2 <1.1).
Molecular Size and Structure of Asphaltenes from Various Sources (2000)

Fluorescence depolarization measurements are used to determine the size of asphaltene molecules and of model compounds for comparison. Mean molecular weights of roughly 750 amu with a range of roughly 500−1000 amu are found for petroleum asphaltenes. A strong correlation is established between the size of an individual fused ring system in an asphaltene molecule and the overall size of this corresponding molecule, showing that asphaltene molecules have one or perhaps two fused ring systems per molecule. Subtle differences in molecular size are found for different virgin crude oil asphaltenes and for a vacuum resid asphaltene. Coal asphaltene molecules are found to be much smaller than petroleum asphaltenes. The molecular sizes of resins and asphaltenes are found to form a continuous distribution.
Picture quality of different pixel arrangements for large‐sized matrix displays (1994)

Abstract The image information theory is introduced to the study of pixel arrangement for flat displays which has been based mainly on subjective evaluation tests. the objective is to make a theoretical elucidation of the relations between different pixel arrangements‐particularly pixel arrangements of light‐emissive elements for large‐sized matrix displays‐and picture quality. First, the factors determining picture quality are identified using a picture model incorporating the sampling of the original picture. As a result, the Nyquist limits are shown to be essential. Second, the Nyquist limits of different pixel arrangements are evaluated. the areas surrounded by the Nyquist limits are shown to consist of colored and discolored regions. This observation is used to relate the Nyquist limits to visual limits and picture quality. Third, the picture quality of typical pixel arrangements for large‐sized matrix displays is examined. the quality of still and motion pictures displayed by the RGB‐trio and RGGB‐mosaic arrangements are compared by means of subjective evaluation tests and three‐dimensional spectrum analysis. the comparative analysis gives the following conclusions: In displaying still pictures, the RGGB‐mosaic arrangement has the effective number of pixels about twice the real number of pixels because of the overlaps of adjacent pixels, but the RGB‐trio does not have this effect. In displaying motion pictures, the RGGB‐mosaic arrangement provides better picture quality than in the case of still pictures but the RGB‐trio arrangement does not.
A security-focused engineering process for systems of embedded components (2011)

Development of systems based on embedded components is a challenging task because of the distributed, reactive and real-time nature of such systems. From a security point of view, it is essential to take into account that frequently embedded devices are basically system components owned by a certain entity, used as part of systems owned by other entities and operated in a potentially hostile environment.
Combined equalization and differential detection using precoding (1997)

A new transceiver for data transmission over multipath fading channels employing precoding and differential detection is investigated. This precoding scheme effectively functions as a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) for differentially coherent demodulation. The main advantage of the proposed scheme over the conventional DFE is its ability to compensate for fast channel phase variations.
Drinking Water Off-Flavour Caused by 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (1992)

Combined chemical and sensory methods were used for the source identification of musty off-flavours in water; the methods were based on stripping enrichment, gas chromatography (GC) with both instrumental and sensory detection, and preparative GC. Two case studies of drinking water derived from groundwater (one chlorinated and one non-chlorinated) showed that 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) was the major odorous compound. Furthermore, the concentration of TCA increased significantly in the distribution system. Studies of surface waters showed that TCA is widespread in Sweden, and in one small forest lake, it was found that TCA made a significant contribution to the total odour of the water. The formation of TCA during distribution was probably caused by microbial methylation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP). TCP is formed during chlorine disinfection of drinking water and has recently also been identified as a natural halogenation product. In the present study, fungi (of the genera Phialophora, Acremonium and Penicillium) and actinomycetes isolated from drinking water were capable of producing TCA by methylating added TCP.
Discotic Mesogens Possessing an Electrical Dipole Moment Perpendicular to the Molecular Plane: Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties (1987)

Abstract Out-of-plane complexes (Pb11 and Sn11) of octasubstituted phthalocyanine derivatives have been prepared. They are characterized by a large dipole moment perpendicular to the macrocycle plane. The lead derivatives are shown to form columnar liquid crystals as characterized by optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction at small angle. Key Words: phthalocyaninesantiferroelectricliquid crystalsdiscotic
A two-dimensional bin-packing problem with conflict penalties (2014)

In this paper, we address the two-dimensional bin-packing (2BP) problem with variable conflict penalties, which incur if conflicting items are loaded into the same bin. Such a problem is observed in applications such as supermarket chains and automobile components transportation. The problem not only focuses on minimisation of number of bins used, but also deals with the conflict penalties at the same time. We propose a heuristic method based on the IMA algorithm and adapt it to solve this problem. A local search procedure is also designed to further improve the solutions. For instances derived from benchmark test data, the computational results indicate that the adapted IMA heuristic algorithm with local search effectively balances the number of bins used and the conflict penalties. The algorithm outperforms several adapted approaches that are well known for the 2BP problems.
Simultaneous three-dimensional step-height measurement and high-resolution tomographic imaging with a spectral interferometric microscope (2002)

A noncontact, nonmechanical scanning, wide-field spectral interference microscope is developed for simultaneous measurement of three-dimensional step-height of discontinuous objects and tomographic imaging. A superluminescent diode (SLD) is used as a broadband light source and a liquid-crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer (LC-FPI) as a frequency-scanning device. By means of changing the injection current to the SLD, the spectral profile of the SLD is equalized, and a constant light input to the interferometer is achieved over the entire frequency-scan range. The Fourier-transform technique is used to determine both the amplitude and the phase of spectral fringe signals. Three-dimensional height distribution of a discontinuous object is obtained from the phase information, whereas optically sectioned images of the object are obtained either from the amplitude information alone or from the combination of both the amplitude and phase information. Experimental results with submicrometer resolution are presented for both step-height measurement and tomographic sectioning.
Exploring the Driving Behavior of Youth with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Driver Instructor Questionnaire (2015)

Youth with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) depend to a great extent on friends and family for their transportation needs. Although little research exists, Cox et al. (2012) surveyed parents/caregivers of youth with ASD (previously) attempting to learn to drive. This study serves as an extension by surveying driver instructors. Several questions queried advice for teaching youth with ASD how to drive, and for improving the current driving education to better fit the needs of youth with ASD. Furthermore, respondents were asked to indicate whether specific characteristics, often associated with ASD, have an impact on driving ability. A total of 52 driver instructors reported potential problems when teaching youth with ASD to drive. Advice for teaching youth with ASD to drive mainly focused on a need for structure, clarity, visual demonstration, practice, repetition and an individualized approach. Results however also showed that the relation between ASD and driving performance might not always be negative but can be positive. Practical implications are provided.
Polysilicon / SiO2 Interface Microtexture and Dielectric Breakdown (1982)

An analysis has been made of interfacial texture created during the wet oxidation of polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) over the temperature range 950°–1100°C, and the effect of this texture on oxide breakdown. Four types of interfacial textural features are described: interface roughness due to initial polysilicon surface texture, "bumps" caused by anomalous polysilicon nucleation at local sites of contamination, "protuberances" that occur during oxidation, and inclusions of unoxidized silicon within the oxide. Models for the generation of the last two defects are presented, and the role of interfacial texture in dielectric breakdown is discussed.
An oblivious image watermarking scheme using singular value decomposition (2007)

Digital watermarking is a technique for protecting the copyright of intellectual property. In the recent past, several watermarking schemes have been proposed that modify pixel intensity values or coefficient values in transform domain. The popular transform domains are DCT, DFT, DWT and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). This paper presents a highly robust and oblivious digital image watermarking scheme, in the SVD domain using dither quantization. SVD of a given image block results in three matrices [U D V]. The proposed method integrates the approach of SVD based digital watermarking scheme and dither quantization. Dither quantization, a variant of Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) is used to modify the largest component of Diagonal Matrix (D) for watermark embedding. The proposed algorithm is more secure for data hiding and robust to various attacks, viz., JPEG2000 compression, JPEG compression, rotation, scaling, cropping, row-column blanking, row-column copying, salt & pepper noise, filtering, gamma correction and image tampering. Superior experimental results are observed in the proposed algorithm over Sun et al. scheme [1]. Normalized cross correlation (NC) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are used to test and verify the robustness of the proposed algorithm.
Tissue-specific transcriptional regulation of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway leads to accumulation of testis meiosis-activating sterol (T-MAS) (2002)

Lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) produces follicular fluid meiosis-activating sterol (FF-MAS), which is converted further to testis meiosis-activating sterol (T-MAS). MAS are intermediates in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, with the ability to trigger resumption of oocyte meiosis in vitro. In contrast to the liver, where pre- and post-MAS genes are upregulated coordinately at the level of transcription by a cholesterol feedback mechanism through sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP), regulation differs in the testis. Genes encoding pre-MAS enzymes [HMG-CoA synthase (SYN), HMG-CoA reductase (RED), farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPP), squalene synthase (SS), and CYP51] are upregulated during sexual development of the testis, although not all genes are turned on at the same time. Furthermore, two post-MAS genes, C-4 sterol methyl oxidase and sterol Delta(7)-reductase, are expressed at low levels and are not upregulated either in rat or human. This transcriptional discrepancy seems to be SREBP independent. Besides cAMP/cAMP-responsive element modulator, other unknown transcription factors control expression of individual cholesterogenic genes during spermatogenesis. HPLC analysis shows an 8-fold increase in T-MAS during development of rat testis whereas MAS is barely detectable in livers of the same animals. We propose that the lack of a coordinate transcriptional control over the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway contributes importantly to overproduction of the signaling sterol T-MAS in testis.
Geochemical Modelling of Carbonated Low Salinity Water Injection CLSWI to Improve Wettability Modification and Oil Swelling in Carbonate Reservoir (2017)

Abstract Conventional carbonated water injection (CWI) induces oil swelling and reduction of oil viscosity and density. The CO2 solubility in carbonated water is a key factor to determine these effects and is sensitive to pressure, temperature, and salinity. The CWI has another aspect of CO2 storage due to solubility trapping mechanism. Low saline water is a favorable condition to solubilize CO2 into brine due to salting-out phenomenon. As well, the low saline water injection (LSWI) has potential to enhance oil recovery originated from wettability modification in a carbonate reservoir. In terms of geochemical aspect, low saline brine introduces higher CO2 solubility and wettability modification effect. It has triggered the evalution of hybrid process, which integrates LSWI with CWI. The CO2 dissolution and wettability modification effects are highly related to geochemical reactions in brine/oil/rock system. This study has constructed the numerical modelling of carbonated low salinity water injection (CLSWI) coupled with geochemical reaction and evaluated the performance in terms of oil production and CO2 storage. In core and pilot systems, the wettability modification effect of CLSWI contributes to 9% and 15% increased oil recovery over CSWI. In both systems, more CO2 has been captured up to 17% and 45% due to salting-out phenomenon, respectively. CLSWI enhancing oil swelling and oil viscosity reduction has also improved injectivity up to 31% over CSWI in pilot system. The results from this study has demonstrated that CLSWI is a promising water-based hybrid EOR.
A Contribution to the Knowing of Climatic Characteristics of the Velebit Mountain (1997)

U clanku se razmatraju osuncanost, temperatura zraka, relativna vlaga, padaline i vjetar na Velebitu. Zahvaljujuci visini i pružanju Velebita uz obalu, njegove se trane klimatski znacajno razlikuju. Jedna je podvrgnuta utjecaju mora, a druga kopnenoj unutrasnjosti. Na klimatske prilike na Velebitu utjece raspodjela kopna i mora i reljef sireg podrucja. U clanku je dat prikaz klimatskih obilježja Velebita u dosada najdužem zajednickom nizu za sve relevantne klimatoloske postaje istraživanog podrucja. Korigirani su dosadasnji podaci overtikalnom rasporedu temperatura zraka, te neki podaci o padalinama.