gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imatinib inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth and suppresses stromal‐induced growth stimulation, MT1‐MMP expression and pro‐MMP2 activation (2007)

Tumor progress depends on the proliferation of cancer cells, their interactions with stroma and the proteolytic action of enzymes. Colon cancer is c-kit positive and responsive to the specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. We investigated the effect of imatinib on the proliferation of a panel of epithelial colon cancer cell lines in presence and absence of the antimetabolite 5-FU, and the effect of conditioned media (CM) derived from colon stromal fibroblasts with and without previous exposure to imatinib. The effects of imatinib on gene expression of MMPs and TIMPs were also studied. Imatinib effectively inhibited the proliferation of all cell lines, showing IC(50) from 0.3 to 3 microM. Its combination with 5-FU significantly enhances the growth inhibition of the highly tumourigenic HT-29 cells. CM derived from stromal fibroblasts induced the proliferation of the HT-29 cells; this stimulatory effect was abolished upon treatment with CM obtained after exposure of fibroblasts to imatinib. Gene expression of MT1-, MT2-MMP and MMP-7 was also inhibited depending on the cell line, whereas that of TIMP-2 was not affected. CM stimulated MT1-MMP protein expression by HT-29; this stimulatory effect was suppressed in the presence of imatinib. Activation of pro-MMP2 to MMP2 in culture medium of HT-29 treated with CM was increased and this activity was inhibited in presence of imatinib. The obtained data showed that imatinib is a powerful inhibitor of human colon cancer cell growth and effectively suppresses the stromal-induced stimulation of cancer cell growth and activation of proMMP2. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the in vivo effects.
A Facile One-Pot Conversion of Aldehydes into Nitriles (2009)

Abstract A facile one-pot synthesis of nitriles starting with aldehydes has been developed employing hydroxylamine hydrochloride in dimethylsulfoxide at 100°C. Keywords: Aldehydealdoximedehydrationnitriletandem reaction ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Research Corporation, the University of Chattanooga Foundation, and the Grote Chemistry Fund. Notes a Isolated yields. b Nitrile purities >95% as determined by 1H-NMR. c Monitored by GC-MS.
Vascular Responses to Extractable Fractions of Ilex paraguariensis in Rats Fed Standard and High-Cholesterol Diets (2005)

The authors investigated the vasorelaxant properties of the aqueous (Aq-EF) and acid n-butanolic (acn-BuOH) extractable fractions from Ilex paraguariensis leaves. Perfusion pressure was evaluated using isolated and perfused mesenteric arterial beds (MABs) from rats fed hypercholesterolemic and standard diets. Extract-induced vasorelaxation in the presence and absence of various inhibitors was examined following precontraction of the MABs with methoxamine (30 microM) solution. In hypercholesterolemic-diet rats, relaxation in intact MABs was significantly decreased with ac-n-BuOH-EF bolus (300, 600, 900 microg) in comparison to those in standard-diet rats. After the endothelium was stripped from the MABs, the vascular responses to ac-n-BuOH-EF and 900 microg bolus of Aq-EF were significantly changed. Treatment of the MABs with an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 10 mM), did not change either ac-n-BuOH-EF- or Aq-EF-induced vasodilation except for the 900 microg bolus of Aq-EF. The guanilate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue (100 microM) did not affect vasodilation for either fraction in the MABs from the hypercholesterolemic-diet rats. The chronic oral administration of I. paraguariensis extract in hypercholesterolemic-diet rats resulted in a significant reduction in serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. These results suggest that I. paraguariensis ac-n-BuOH-EF and Aq-EF induce vasodilation in standard-diet rats in a dose-dependent manner and that the hypercholesterolemic diet substantially reduced the effect of ac-n-BuOH-EF on precontracted MABs.
Synthesis and Modification of Poly(ether ether ketone) and their Properties: A Review (2012)

Synthetic aromatic polyarylether ketones are known for their high performance applications. Poly(ether ether ketone) is an important material which is most widely used in such aggressive environments as nuclear plants, oil and geothermal wells, chemical plants, and high-pressure steam valves. Considering the wide range of properties of PEEK polymers, a variety of structurally modified PEEK polymers are also reported. This review covers the detail of different synthetic and modification procedure, the characterization technique applied on PEEK. In brief, morphological and related properties are also described.
Influence of dental status on nutritional status of geriatric patients in a convalescent and rehabilitation hospital. (2006)

Primary healthcare workers caring for hospitalized geriatric patients should identify edentate patients without a set of complete dentures for the possibility of malnutrition.
Phenol Alcohols in the Ammonia-Catalyzed Phenol—Formaldehyde Reaction (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhenol Alcohols in the Ammonia-Catalyzed Phenol—Formaldehyde ReactionR. W. MartinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 16, 4208–4209Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01136a511RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (277 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The Athenian Agora: A Guide to the Excavations. Pp. 110; 19 figs., 8 plates, 1 folding plan. Princeton, N.J.: American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1954. Paper, $1. (1956)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
A Clock Control Strategy for Peak Power and RMS Current Reduction Using Path Clustering (2012)

Peak power reduction has been a critical challenge in the design of integrated circuits impacting the chip's performance and reliability. The reduction of peak power also reduces the power density of integrated circuits. Due to large IR-voltage drops in circuits, transistor switching slows down giving rise to timing violations and logic failures. In this paper, we present a new clock control strategy for peak-power reduction in VLSI circuits. In the proposed method, the simultaneous switching of combinational paths is minimized by taking advantage of the delay slacks among the paths and clustering the paths with similar slack values. Once the paths are identified based on the path delays and their slack values, the clustering algorithm determines the ideal number of clusters for the given circuit and for each cluster the maximum possible phase shift that can be applied to the clock. The paths are assigned to clusters in a load balanced manner based on the slack values and each cluster will have a phase shift possible on its clock depending on the slack. Thus, the proposed register-transfer level (RTL) method takes advantage of the logic-path timing slack to re-schedule circuit activities at optimal intervals within the unaltered clock period. When switching activities are redistributed more evenly across the clock period, the IC supply-current consumption is also spread across a wider range of time within the clock period. This has the beneficial effect of reducing peak-current draw in addition to reducing RMS power draw without having to change the operating frequency and without utilizing additional power supply voltages as in dual or multi VT approaches. The proposed method is implemented and tested through simulations using an experimental setup with Synopsys Tools Suite and Cadence Tools on the ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits, OpenCore circuits and LEON processor multiplier circuit. Experimental results indicate that peak power can be reduced significantly to at least 72% depending on the number of clusters and the phase-shifted clock identified as suitable for the given circuit by the proposed algorithms. Although the proposed method incurs some power overhead compared to the traditional clocking method, the overhead can be made negligible compared to the peak-power reduction as seen in the experimental results presented.
Nosocomial transmission of Serratia marcescens in a veterinary hospital due to contamination by benzalkonium chloride (1981)

During a 1-year period, Serratia marcescens was isolated from 50% of all contaminate intravenous catheters from dogs and cats in a large veterinary hospital. S. marcescens was also isolated from respiratory tracts, genitourinary tracts, skin, and other sites in hospitalized animals. A total of 55% of the clinical isolates and 66% of the intravenous catheter isolates had the same API biochemical profile. The source of the S. marcescens was determined to be aqueous benzalkonium chloride (0.025%) sponge pots located in the intensive care unit, surgery rooms, and outpatient clinic areas of the hospital. Of the 11 S. marcescens isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control for serotyping (6 from aqueous benzalkonium chloride sponge pots, 5 from intravenous catheters), 8 were identified as serotype O10:H11. All S. marcescens isolates tested for antibiotic susceptibilities were multiply resistant; isolates were most frequently resistant to streptomycin, cephalothin, and ampicillin. This study demonstrates that improper use of disinfectants plays an important role in the nosocomial transmission of S. marcescens.
Experimental demonstration and scalability analysis of a four-node 102-Gchip/s fast frequency-hopping time-spreading optical CDMA network (2004)

We present experimental and simulation results from a 102-Gchips/s incoherent wavelength-hopping time-spreading optical code-division multiple-access testbed, utilizing four 50-GHz ITU grid wavelengths. Error-free operation of four users is obtained with an effective power penalty /spl sim/0.5 dB. Simulation studies show scalability to >10 users with an effective power penalty of /spl sim/4 dB. The simulation study of the impact of asynchronous access on the performance allows for a complete network design from an engineering viewpoint.
Release of Inorganic Constituents from Leached Biomass during Thermal Conversion (1999)

Leaching of inorganic materials has recently been shown to substantially improve the combustion properties of biomass fuels, especially straw but including other herbaceous and woody fuels. Leaching with water removes large fractions of alkali metals (typically >80% of potassium and sodium) and chlorine (>90%). Smaller fractions of sulfur and phosphorus are also removed. Alkali metals are heavily involved in ash fouling and slagging in combustion and thermal gasification systems. Chlorine is a facilitator of alkali volatilization, and contributes to corrosion and air pollution. The presence of these elements has reduced or eliminated the use of certain biomass fuels in many combustion applications, even where such use might provide significant environmental benefits. Leaching could mitigate the undesirable effects of biomass ash in thermal systems. Reported here for the first time are comparative studies of volatile inorganic species evolving from leached and unleached biomass fuels during thermal conversion. Leached and unleached samples of rice straw, wheat straw, switchgrass, commercial power plant wood fuel, and banagrass (Pennisetum purpureum) were tested in bench-scale combustion studies using an alumina-tube flow reactor housed in a variable temperature furnace and coupled to a molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS) system. Sugarcane bagasse, as the leached byproduct of sugar production, was also tested. The MBMS system was used to monitor the combustion products, including inorganic vapors, directly and in real time during each batch combustion event. Total relative amounts of HCl(g), SO2(g), NaCl(g), KCl(g), and other species were compared for leached and unleached samples. The MBMS results were consistent with the levels of alkali metals and chlorine in the samples as determined from the proximate, ultimate, and ash analyses of the samples. The more alkali and chlorine in a given sample, the more gas-phase HCl, KCl, and NaCl detected with the MBMS during combustion of that particular sample. The MBMS results clearly support earlier results, which indicated that leaching biomass effectively reduces or eliminates the release of alkali metal vapors during combustion.
Expression of a foreign gene linked to either a plant-virus or a <i>Drosophila</i> promoter, after electroporation of protoplasts of rice, wheat, and sorghum (1986)

The bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene was expressed in protoplasts of three important graminaceous plant species after introduction of the gene by electroporation. Gene transfer occurred when high-voltage electric pulses were applied either directly or indirectly (without anode contact) to a solution containing plasmid DNA and protoplasts of rice, wheat, or sorghum. The indirect method was more rapid, resulted in higher protoplast viability, and was less subject to contamination than the direct-contact method. Gene expression of approximately equal magnitude resulted when the CAT gene was fused to either the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus or the copia long terminal repeat promoter of Drosophila. Together with recent advances in regeneration of callus and whole plants from protoplasts, this system makes it possible to study inheritance and expression of genes introduced into graminaceous monocotyledonous plants.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Strongly Fluorescent Tricyclic Analogues of Acyclovir and Ganciclovir (2002)

In search of strongly fluorescent tricyclic analogues of acyclovir (ACV, 1) and ganciclovir (GCV, 2), derivatives of the 3,9-dihydro-9-oxo-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]purine system, several 6-[4-(acyloxy)phenyl], 6-[4-(acylamino)phenyl], and 6-[4-(phenoxycarbonyloxy)phenyl]-substituted TACV and TGCV analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in cell culture. All TACV and TGCV analogues showed strong fluorescence (quantum yield of 30-65% vs 2-aminopurine 100%). The 6-[4-(phenoxycarbonyloxy)phenyl]-substituted compounds 11 and 19 displayed the best combination of the fluorescence and antiviral potency.
Efficient Node Admission for Short-lived Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

Admission control is an essential and fundamental security service in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It is needed to securely cope with dynamic membership and topology and to bootstrap other important security primitives (such as key management) and services (such as secure routing) without the assistance of any centralized trusted authority. An ideal admission protocol must involve minimal interaction among the MANET nodes, since connectivity can be unstable. Also, since MANETs are often composed of weak or resource-limited devices, admission control must be efficient in terms of computation and communication. Most previously proposed admission control protocols are prohibitively expensive and require a lot of interaction among MANET nodes in order to securely reach limited consensus regarding admission and cope with potentially powerful adversaries. While the expense may be justified for long-lived group settings, short-lived MANETs can benefit from much less expensive techniques without sacrificing any security. In this paper, we consider short-lived MANETs and present a secure, efficient and a fully non-interactive admission control protocol for such networks. More specifically, our work is focused on novel applications of non-interactive secret sharing techniques based on bi-variate polynomials, but, unlike other results, the associated costs are very low.
Synthesis of a Novel Type of Chiral Bisphosphine Ligand (NORPHOS-7-NEt<sub>2</sub>) with an Amino Group for Neighboring Participation in Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation (1998)

A new chiral bisphosphine ligand, NORPHOS-7-NEt2, with an amino group has been prepared. It has been applied to the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of rac-(E)-diphenyl-2-propenyl pivalate upon using (2S,3S,7R)-NORPHOS-7-NEt2 (1) (M-Chirality) having an amino group on the ligand, the same absolute configuration product was obtained as compared to using (2R,3R)-NORPHOS (P-Chirality). This result clearly indicated the possibility of the interaction of the amino group on the ligand with the incoming nucleophile.
EM design of an isolated coplanar RE cross for MEMS switch matrix applications (2003)

The EM design of a coplanar RF cross with well isolated signal paths in a frequency range from DC up to 40 GHz is described. The cross is designed for a MEMS switch matrix where the different signal paths have to be isolated against each other. This allows one to have several 'on-state' signal paths at the same time in the matrix. One signal path is routed via an underpath metallisation while the other signal path is routed with an air bridge. A metal sheet connecting both coplanar ground metallisations is used as a shield to achieve good isolation. The optimisation of all elements from the cross is done with a full wave FDTD simulator. The achieved isolation between the two signal paths of the coplanar RF cross is above 40 dB up to 40 GHz. For both signal paths is in measurement and simulation for frequencies up to 20 GHz the return loss better than 18 dB and the insertion loss is below 0.7 dB.
A Pure Estrogen Antagonist Inhibits Cyclin E-Cdk2 Activity in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells and Induces Accumulation of p130-E2F4 Complexes Characteristic of Quiescence (2000)

Estrogen antagonists inhibit cell cycle progression in estrogen-responsive cells, but the molecular mechanisms are not fully defined. Antiestrogen-mediated G(0)/G(1) arrest is associated with decreased cyclin D1 gene expression, inactivation of cyclin D1-cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) 4 complexes, and decreased phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). We now show that treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with the pure estrogen antagonist ICI 182780 results in inhibition of cyclin E-Cdk2 activity prior to a decrease in the G(1) to S phase transition. This decrease was dependent on p21(WAF1/Cip1) since treatment with antisense oligonucleotides to p21 attenuated the effect. Recruitment of p21 to cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes was in turn dependent on decreased cyclin D1 expression since it was apparent following treatment with antisense cyclin D1 oligonucleotides. To define where within the G(0) to S phase continuum antiestrogen-treated cells arrested, we assessed the relative abundance and phosphorylation state of pocket protein-E2F complexes. While both pRb and p107 levels were significantly decreased, p130 was increased 4-fold and was accompanied by the formation of p130.E2F4 complexes and the accumulation of hyperphophorylated E2F4, putative markers of cellular quiescence. Thus, ICI 182780 inhibits both cyclin D1-Cdk4 and cyclin E-Cdk2 activity, resulting in the arrest of MCF-7 cells in a state with characteristics of quiescence (G(0)), as opposed to G(1) arrest.
Fairness Opinions and Negligent Misrepresentation: Defining Investment Bankers' Duty to Third-Party Shareholders (1991)

ness opinion evaluates whether a transaction is fair to the parties involved from a financial point of view.'Corporate directors seek investment bankers' fairness opinions for several reasons, 9 including the assurance of a deal's financial soundness, because ascertaining the fair price of a deal "is an economic and financial determination as to which the investment banker's expertise is particularly fitted." 10 On occasion, however, an investment banker may fail to apply its expertise properly and opine negligently on a deal's fairness."Such negligence may hurt all who relied on the fairness opinion, including shareholders who lack contractual privity with the investment banker. 2 Recently, some courts have permitted third-party shareholders 13 to raise friendly tender offers, self-tenders, leveraged buyouts, negotiated share repurchases ....[and] negotiated sales of treasury stock") (footnotes omitted); Steinberg & Lindahl, The Duty Owed to Minority Shareholders by an Investment Banker in Rendering a Fairness Opinion, 13 Sec.Reg.L
<i>In Vivo</i> Gene Delivery via Portal Vein and Bile Duct to Individual Lobes of the Rat Liver Using a Polylysine-Based Nonviral DNA Vector in Combination with Chloroquine (2001)

The objective of this study was to evaluate a bifunctional synthetic peptide as a DNA vector for regional gene delivery to the rat liver by the portal vein and bile duct routes. The 31-amino-acid peptide (polylysine-molossin) comprises an amino-terminal chain of 16 lysines for electrostatic binding of DNA, and the 15 amino acid integrin-binding domain of the venom of the American pit viper, Crotalus molossus molossus. Initial in vitro evaluation demonstrated that polylysine-molossin/DNA complexes were much smaller (approximately 50-100nm versus 500-1300nm), more positively charged, and more stable in isotonic dextrose in comparisons with salt-containing solutions. However, polylysine-molossin/DNA complexes in any solution other than complete culture medium were ineffective for gene delivery in vitro. Vector localization studies demonstrated that both the portal vein and bile duct routes provided excellent access of polylysine-molossin/DNA complexes to the liver. However, complexes delivered by the portal vein were rapidly lost (<15 min) following re-establishment of the portal circulation, whereas complexes delivered by the bile duct persisted much longer. Polylysine-molossin/DNA complexes in various isotonic solutions were delivered to the right lateral lobes either by perfusion through a branch of the portal vein or by infusion into appropriate branches of the bile duct. Two or three hours before gene delivery, rats were given a single injection of chloroquine. We report that the polylysine-molossin vector is much more effective (>10-fold) when delivered by the bile duct route with all isotonic solutions evaluated, and that polylysine-molossin/DNA complexes in isotonic dextrose are much more effective (>10-fold) than complexes in salt-containing solutions.