gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multispectral Filter-Wheel Cameras: Geometric Distortion Model and Compensation Algorithms (2008)

Multispectral image acquisition considerably improves color accuracy in comparison to RGB technology. A common multispectral camera design concept features a filter-wheel consisting of six or more optical bandpass filters. By shifting the filters sequentially into the optical path, the electromagnetic spectrum is acquired through the channels, thus making an approximate reconstruction of the spectrum feasible. However, since the optical filters exhibit different thicknesses, refraction indices and may not be aligned in a perfectly coplanar manner, geometric distortions occur in each spectral channel: The reconstructed RGB images thus show rainbow-like color fringes. To compensate for these, we analyze the optical path and derive a mathematical model of the distortions. Based on this model we present two different algorithms for compensation and show that the color fringes vanish completely after application of our algorithms. We also evaluate our compensation algorithms in terms of accuracy and execution time.
Human Acellular Dermis versus Submuscular Tissue Expander Breast Reconstruction: A Multivariate Analysis of Short-Term Complications (2013)

The NSQIP database provides large-scale, multi-institutional, independent outcomes for acellular dermis and submuscular breast reconstruction. Both thirty-day complication profiles and risk factors for post operative morbidity are similar between these two reconstructive approaches.
Image Quality Concepts (2014)

Abstract We present several concepts useful in the specification, evaluation, and control of image quality for digital capture. We start by introducing the terminology and application of image quality models. The value of these models, however, lies in the ability to connect them to characteristics of images or imaging systems. Translating image quality into technology selection and design can be done when we have a physical understanding of design and performance. We describe methods for the objective measurement of several key imaging characteristics. They are then related to current practice by reference to several established imaging performance standards. These system‐based methods are often complemented by applying human vision models. Vision models are also part a larger set of techniques collectively known as Image Quality Assessment (IQA). IQA is based on extracting measures directly from digital images, particularly useful for processing paths which adapt to image content.
Time Measurement with a Multiphase Clock (1983)

A multiphase clock is used to measure time intervals. The scheme consists of a main counter and digital verniers for start and stop. The system time resolution is limited by the intrinsic resolving time of the circuits rather than the clock rate. A 7 phase clock of ~28.57 MHz can measure time to 2.5 nsec accuracy with T2L type circuits.
Convolution of large 3D images on GPU and its decomposition (2011)

In this article, we propose a method for computing convolution of large 3D images. The convolution is performed in a frequency domain using a convolution theorem. The algorithm is accelerated on a graphic card by means of the CUDA parallel computing model. Convolution is decomposed in a frequency domain using the decimation in frequency algorithm. We pay attention to keeping our approach efficient in terms of both time and memory consumption and also in terms of memory transfers between CPU and GPU which have a significant inuence on overall computational time. We also study the implementation on multiple GPUs and compare the results between the multi-GPU and multi-CPU implementations.
Novel Method for Preparation of Monoesters of Symmetric Diphenolic Compounds like Curcumin (1,7‐Bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy phenyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene‐3,5‐dione) via Solid‐Phase Synthesis (2007)

Abstract Synthesis of a monoester of symmetrical diphenolic compound curcumin (1,7‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy phenyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene‐3,5‐dione) with glycine has been carried out by anchoring one of its free phenolic groups to an insoluble polymeric solid‐support resin controlled pore glass‐long chain alkylamine (CPG‐LCAA) via a 2‐carbon linker by solid‐phase synthesis. The other free phenolic was esterified selectively with N‐protected glycinoyl chloride to give the monoester exclusively. Subsequent deprotection of the amino group and deblocking of the monoester from polymer support by treatment with hydriodic acid (HI) gave the desired product. We earlier reported synthesis of a large number of diesters of curcumin, but selective esterification of one phenolic has been accomplished by this novel method, which can be used for preparing monoesters of any symmetric diphenol in quantitative yields.
1084. Cinnolines. Part V. Methylation of some substituted cinnolines (1964)

D. E. Ames, R. F. Chapman and H. Z. Kucharska, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 5659 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640005659
Rewritable Dual-Layer Phase-Change Optical Disk with a Balanced Transmittance Structure (2002)

A rewritable dual-layer phase-change optical disk with a balanced transmittance structure for the layer located at the laser beam incident side (Layer 0) was developed. In this disk structure, transmittance of Layer 0 is almost constant, whether the layer is recorded or not. This structure was realized by adopting Ge–Sb–Te film that has appropriate optical constants, and optimizing the thickness of the dielectric layers. It is proved that this disk structure is effective in suppressing the influence of the recording state of Layer 0 on the layer beneath (Layer 1). Practical performances of the disk with this structure were confirmed for both layers. The feasibility of up to 55 GB capacity was examined for this rewritable dual-layer phase-change optical disk.
Trace cache sampling filter (2007)

A simple mechanism to increase the utilization of a small trace cache, and simultaneously reduce its power consumption, is presented in this article. The mechanism uses selective storage of traces (filtering) that is based on a new concept in computer architecture: random sampling. The sampling filter exploits the “hot/cold trace” principle, which divides the population of traces into two groups. The first group contains “hot traces” that are executed many times from the trace cache and contribute the majority of committed instructions. The second group contains “cold traces” that are rarely executed, but are responsible for the majority of writes to an unfiltered cache. The sampling filter selects traces without any prior knowledge of their quality. However, as most writes to the cache are of “cold traces” it statistically filters out those traces, reducing cache turnover and eventually leading to higher quality traces residing in the cache. In contrast with previously proposed filters, which perform bookkeeping for all traces in the program, the sampling filter can be implemented with minimal hardware. Results show that the sampling filter can increase the number of hits per build (utilization) by a factor of 38, reduce the miss rate by 20% and improve the performance-power efficiency by 15%. Further improvements can be obtained by extensions to the basic sampling filter: allowing “hot traces” to bypass the sampling filter, combining of sampling together with previously proposed filters, and changing the replacement policy in the trace cache. Those techniques combined with the sampling filter can reduce the miss rate of the trace cache by up to 40%. Although the effectiveness of the sampling filter is demonstrated for a trace cache, the sampling principle is applicable to other micro-architectural structures with similar access patterns.
Mechanisms of Resistance to CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer and Potential Biomarkers of Response (2017)

Randomized clinical trials demonstrated that CDK4/6 inhibitors are highly effective in patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer in combination with endocrine therapy. The use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in clinics is becoming common for patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer and will certainly increase in the near future. However, patients might show de novo or acquired resistance to these drugs. Molecular alterations have been suggested as determinants for de novo resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors, but have never been validated in a clinical setting. In addition, molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to palbociclib have been analyzed only in preclinical studies. Here we review the current knowledge on the available preclinical data about the mechanisms of de novo and acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer, and clinical data about potential biomarkers of response.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of a Lipopeptide Containing a Diacylglycerol Moiety: Preparation of a Potential Inhibitor of Protein Kinase C. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A phase I trial of hypoxoside as an oral prodrug for cancer therapy--absence of toxicity. (1995)

The absence of toxicity warrants further investigation of hypoxoside as an oral prodrug, especially in patients with slow-growing necrotising tumours that are inoperable and have high concentrations of beta-glucuronidase and sulphatase as well as a high sensitivity for rooperol.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin‐Derived Phenols into Alkanes by Using Nanoparticle Catalysts Combined with Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquids (2010)

Oxy-gone in a tandem: A catalytic system composed of metal nanoparticles (NPs) and a functionalized Brønsted acidic ionic liquid (IL), both of which are immobilized in a nonfunctionalized IL, is highly efficient in upgrading lignin-derived phenolic compounds into alkanes; the hydrogenation and dehydration reactions take place in tandem.
증례 : 위암 재발에 의한 속발성 식도이완불능증 1 예 (2002)

Achalasia can be provoked by organic causes, and it is called secondary achalasia. Sometimes it is very difficult to distingush secondary achalasia from primary achalasia. We report a case of secondary achalasia due to recurrence of stomach cancer. A 45-year-old man came to our hospital due to three months history of dysphagia and regurgitation. Barium esophagogram showed concentric narrowing at the distal esophagus and dilatation of proximal esophagus. The esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed stenosis of gastroesophageal junction and the endoscope could not pass through it, but there was no evidence of malignancy. Esophageal manometry showed aperistalsis, compatible with achalasia. Abdominal CT showed soft tissue density near the gastroesophageal junction. However it was not possible to differentiate whether it was due to adhesion or malignancy. For correct diagnosis and treatment, explorolaparotomy was performed and it was diagnosed as secondary achalasia due to recurrence of stomach cancer.(Korean Journal of Gastrointestinal Motility 2002;8:53-57)
Modular door system for side impact safety of motor vehicles (2001)

Side impact collision is one of the toughest safety challenges facing the Auto Industry today. Over thirteen thousand deaths, due to side impact, occurred during 1998 in the United States alone. The main difficulty in designing for side impact collisions is the limited crumple zone between the impacting vehicle and the impacted occupant. This paper presents a proprietary side impact protective door system within the space between the outer skin of a car door and the occupant, which will be as efficient as those already standard in frontal impact. The main objective for introducing the side impact structural system is to maximize energy absorption and minimize injury to the occupant. The developed structural side impact door system acts as a Primary Structure, to be assembled as a truly modular entity. This primary structure is also packaging modular in the sense that it acts as a carrier for the door latch, window regulator and hinges. A variation in safety and structural performance of the developed door system can be achieved by integrating the structural modular door with the vehicle body, using a patented integration system known as Door And Chassis-frame Integration Technology (DACIT). Unlike the traditional doors, that are just suspended weights, the modular door is truly structural and therefore adds strength to the vehicle body. When DACIT is used with the door system the vehicle door becomes part of the overall vehicle structure. The design and development of the side impact modular door system for different size vehicles with and without DACIT will be discussed. In addition, the five stars rating achieved during several side impact crash tests simulating Sport Utility Vehicles hitting mid-size vehicles, equipped with the developed modular door system, will be presented.
MEMS and Nanotechnology, Volume 4 (2011)

MEMS and Nanotechnology, Volume 4 represents one of eight volumes of technical papers presented at the Society for Experimental Mechanics Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, held
Miniature robotic guidance for pedicle screw placement in posterior spinal fusion: early clinical experience with the SpineAssist® (2006)

Difficulties encountered with use of the SpineAssist, while minimal, will be described and suggestions made for future improvements.
Key Determinants of Nucleotide-Activated G Protein-Coupled P2Y<sub>2</sub> Receptor Function Revealed by Chemical and Pharmacological Experiments, Mutagenesis and Homology Modeling (2009)

The P2Y(2) receptor, which is activated by UTP, ATP, and dinucleotides, was studied as a prototypical nucleotide-activated GPCR. A combination of receptor mutagenesis, determination of its effects on potency and efficacy of agonists and antagonists, homology modeling, and chemical experiments was applied. R272 (extracellular loop EL3) was found to play a gatekeeper role, presumably responsible for recognition and orientation of the nucleotides. R272 is also directly involved in binding of dinucleotides, which behaved as partial agonists. Y118A (3.37) mutation led to dramatically reduced efficacy of agonists; it is part of the entry channel as well as the triphosphate binding site. While the Y114A (3.33) mutation did not have any effect on agonist activities, the antagonist Reactive Blue 2 (6) was completely inactive at that mutant. The disulfide bridge Cys25-Cys278 was found to be important for agonist potency but neither for agonist efficacy nor for antagonist potency.
Reducing BERT Pre-Training Time from 3 Days to 76 Minutes (2019)

Training large deep neural networks on massive datasets is very challenging.
One promising approach to tackle this issue is through the use of large batch
stochastic optimization. However, our understanding of this approach in the
context of deep learning is still very limited. Furthermore, the current
approaches in this direction are heavily hand-tuned. To this end, we first
study a general adaptation strategy to accelerate training of deep neural
networks using large minibatches. Using this strategy, we develop a new
layer-wise adaptive large batch optimization technique called LAMB. We also
provide a formal convergence analysis of LAMB as well as the previous published
layerwise optimizer LARS, showing convergence to a stationary point in general
nonconvex settings. Our empirical results demonstrate the superior performance
of LAMB for BERT and ResNet-50 training. In particular, for BERT training, our
optimization technique enables use of very large batches sizes of 32868;
thereby, requiring just 8599 iterations to train (as opposed to 1 million
iterations in the original paper). By increasing the batch size to the memory
limit of a TPUv3 pod, BERT training time can be reduced from 3 days to 76
minutes. Finally, we also demonstrate that LAMB outperforms previous
large-batch training algorithms for ResNet-50 on ImageNet; obtaining
state-of-the-art performance in just a few minutes.
Understanding technology foresight: the relevance of its S&T policy context (1999)

Recently Technology Foresight (TF) exercises promoted by governments are spreading all over Europe, however the forms that TF takes within each country is very diverse. First, in order to understand the importance of the policy context, as an example, we will explain the fate and fortune of foresight in Spain in relation to the attempts to bring it into the science and technology (S&T) policy agenda and will analyse the institutional constraints over the development of TF. The second part of this paper is related to the extent in which TF is a useful tool for policy making. We will enlighten the analysis with the use of the theory of decision making, especially in the reflection on the role of the information emerging from TF as legitimation for policy makers, but more importantly on the promising use of TF for coordination within national innovation systems.
Light scattering by pure water and seawater: the depolarization ratio and its variation with salinity (2019)

We measured the linearly polarized light scattering of pure water and seawater at various salinities and estimated the depolarization ratio using five different methods of data analysis after removing the scattering due to contamination by residual nanoparticles. The depolarization ratio values (δ) estimated for pure water using these different methods are largely consistent with each other and result in a mean value of 0.039±0.001. For seawater, our results reveal a trend of a slight linear increase of δ with salinity (S), δ=0.039+a<sub>1</sub>×S, where a<sub>1</sub> varies in the range of 1×10<sup>-4</sup> to 2×10<sup>-4</sup> between the methods.
Recent Developments in Molecular Genetics of <i>Candida Albicans</i> (2000)

The frequency of opportunistic infections caused by the fungus Candida albicans is very high and is expected to continue to increase as the number of immunocompromised patients rises. Research initiatives to study the biology of this organism and elucidate its pathogenic determinants have therefore expanded significantly during the last 5-10 years. The past few years have also brought continuous improvement in the techniques to study gene function by gene inactivation and by regulated gene expression and to study gene expression and protein localization by using gene reporter systems. As steadily more genomic sequence information from this human fungal pathogen becomes available, we are entering a new era in antimicrobial research. However, many of the currently available molecular genetics tools are poorly adapted to a genome-wide functional analysis in C. albicans, and further development of these tools is hampered by the asexual and diploid nature of this organism. This review outlines recent advances in the development of molecular tools for functional analysis in C. albicans and summarizes current knowledge about the genomic and genetic variability of this important human fungal pathogen.
Impact of intermediate sites on bulk diffusion barriers: Mg intercalation in Mg<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> (2016)

An experimental and theoretical evaluation of mobility bottlenecks in Mg<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, a potential Mg battery cathode material.
Microsatellite Instability and Frameshift Mutations in the <i>Bax</i> Gene in Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Carcinoma (1998)

We studied microsatellite instability (MI) and bax gene abnormalities in colorectal carcinomas from 36 patients diagnosed as having hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancers (HNPCC) according to the clinical criteria (12 with confirmed HNPCC in group A and 24 at high risk of HNPCC in group B) and from 20 randomly selected patients with other colorectal cancers. MI was examined at 4 dinucleotide microsatellite loci and one mononucleotide locus. Frameshift mutations in the bax gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. MI was detected in 7 of the 12 patients in group A and 12 of the 24 in group B. Three MI patterns were identified: type 1, MI in both mono- and dinucleotide repeats; type 2, MI only in mononucleotide repeats and type 3, MI only in dinucleotide repeats. Most MI-positive patients in group A showed type 1 MI, whereas in group B, 5 showed type 1, 3 showed type 2 and 4 showed type 3. Frameshift mutations in the bax gene correlated strongly with type 1 and type 2 MI. These results indicate that mutations of different DNA mismatch repair genes may cause several types of MI and result in several different clinical phenotypes of HNPCC. The bax gene may be one of the target genes which play a role in the tumorigenesis of HNPCC.
Position Paper: Using a "Codelet" Program Execution Model for Exascale Machines (2011)

As computing has moved relentlessly through giga-, tera-, and peta-scale systems, exa-scale (a million trillion opera-tions/sec.) computing is currently under active research. DARPA has recently sponsored the “UHPC ” [1] — ubiqui-tous high-performance computing — program, encouraging partnership with academia and industry to explore such sys-tems. Among the requirements are the development of novel techniques in “self-awareness”1in support of performance, energy-efficiency, and resiliency. Trends in processor and system architecture, driven by power and complexity, point us toward very high-core-count designs and extreme software parallelism to solve exascale-class problems. Our research is exploring a fine-grain, event-driven model in support of adaptive operation of these ma-chines. We are developing a Codelet Program Execution Model which breaks applications into codelets (small bits of functionality) and dependencies (control and data) between these objects. It then uses this decomposition to accom-plish advanced scheduling, to accommodate code and data motion within the system, and to permit flexible exploita-tion of parallelism in support of goals for performance and power. Categories and Subject Descriptors CR-number [subcategory]: third-level ∗This research was, in part, funded by the U.S. Government. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as rep-resenting the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.
Síntesis de Resinas Alquídicas a partir de Aceites de Higuerilla, de Palma y de Fritura, Mezclados con Aceite de Soja (2013)

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos del uso de mezclas de aceites crudos de higuerilla, de palma y de fritura con aceite de soja refinado, blanqueado y desodorizado (RBD) en la sntesis de resinas alqudicas. Se emplearon las tcnicas de caracterizacin ndice de iodo, ndice de acidez, ndice de saponificacin, humedad Karl Fisher, ndice de hidroxilo, cromatografa gaseosa, transformacin de Fourier de la radiacin infrarroja (FTIR) y anlisis termogravimtrico. Los resultados indican que las mezclas con aceite de soja que contienen 30, 50 y 70% en masa de los aceites mencionados permiten obtener resinas alqudicas que cumplen con los criterios de calidad requeridos para el desarrollo de productos terminados, tales como esmaltes, lacas y selladores para madera. Estos resultados se constituyen en una alternativa tecnolgica y econmicamente factible para la reduccin de costos mediante la incorporacin de estos aceites de bajo valor dentro de la industria de resinas polimricas tipo alqudicas o de polister insaturado.