gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phthalimides: Supramolecular Interactions in Crystals, Hypersensitive Solution 1H-NMR Dynamics and Energy Transfer to Europium(III) and Terbium(III) States (2003)

Detailed crystal structures and 1H-NMR characteristics of some alkylaminephthalimides, including dendritic polyphthalimides, are reported. These investigations were undertaken in order to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between solid-state supramolecular interactions, their persistence in solution and associated dynamics of magnetically hypersensitive phthalimide aromatic AA'BB'-AA'XX' proton NMR resonances. Some alkylamine phthalimides feature folded molecular geometries, which we attribute to n-π interactions among proximal amine-phthalimide sites; those alkylamine-phthalimides that have no possibility for such interactions feature fully extended phthalimide functionalities. Accordingly, alkylamine phthalimide compounds with folded solid-state geometries feature solvent and temperature dependent hypersensitive AA'BB'-AA'XX' 1H-NMR line profiles, which we attribute to the n-π interactions. Luminescence of Eu3+(5D0) and Tb3+(5D4) states show well defined metal ion environments in their complexes with dendritic phthalimides, as well as relatively weak phthalimide-lanthanide(III) interactions.
Tissue adhesive using synthetic model adhesive proteins inspired by the marine mussel (2001)

The surface free energy and its dispersion and polar components of pigskin were determined by wettability measurements. The contact angles and work of adhesion of solutions of the synthetic model adhesive sequence poly(Gly-Tyr-Lys) inspired by marine adhesive proteins were measured on the epidermis and the dermis of pigskin. Also the surface free energy of pigskin was determined using contact angles of certain probe liquids. When a poly(Gly-Tyr-Lys) buffer solution containing tyrosinase as a bioadhesion formulation was used to close an incision of a living pig, a good incision adhesion and reduced immunological response after 1 week were observed from photographs using an optical microscope and the amount of macrophages by image analysis.
In situ whisker-reinforced AlPO{sub 4}-modified {beta}-eucryptite glass-ceramic. 1: Morphology and crystallization kinetics (1996)

A whisker-reinforced glass-ceramic composite in the Li{sub 2}O-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiO{sub 2}-P{sub 2}O{sub 5} system has been fabricated by a single-stage process that simultaneously forms the glass-ceramic material and whiskers of TiO{sub 2} in situ. The method utilizes typical glass-ceramic processing techniques and requires precise addition of a TiO{sub 2} nucleation agent during the glass-melting operation, followed by controlled nucleation temperature, 740 C, was determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), and the result was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the microstructures formed by nucleation/isothermal crystallization heat treatments. The apparent activation energy for crystallization of the material was determined to be 285 {+-} 3 kJ/mol. The average aspect ratio of the TiO{sub 2} whiskers depends on temperature and time during crystallization. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the in situ composite show that eucryptite(ss) and rutile exist as two different phases; no additional phases were observed. Elemental X-ray mapping by electron microprobe indicates that these highly crystallized composites consist of modified {beta}-eucryptite glass-ceramic matrix and acicular grains of TiO{sub 2}.
High-Throughput Screening for RecA Inhibitors Using a Transcreener Adenosine 5′- <i>O</i> -Diphosphate Assay (2011)

The activities of the bacterial RecA protein are involved in the de novo development and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes, thus allowing bacteria to overcome the metabolic stress induced by antibacterial agents. RecA is ubiquitous and highly conserved among bacteria, but has only distant homologs in human cells. Together, this evidence points to RecA as a novel and attractive antibacterial drug target. All known RecA functions require the formation of a complex formed by multiple adenosine 5'-O-triphosphate (ATP)-bound RecA monomers on single-stranded DNA. In this complex, RecA hydrolyzes ATP. Although several methods for assessing RecA's ATPase activity have been reported, these assay conditions included relatively high concentrations of enzyme and ATP and thereby restricted the RecA conformational state. Herein, we describe the validation of commercial reagents (Transcreener(®) adenosine 5'-O-diphosphate [ADP](2) fluorescence polarization assay) for the high-throughput measurement of RecA's ATPase activity with lower concentrations of ATP and RecA. Under optimized conditions, ADP detection by the Transcreener reagent provided robust and reproducible activity data (Z'=0.92). Using the Transcreener assay, we screened 113,477 small molecules against purified RecA protein. In total, 177 small molecules were identified as confirmed hits, of which 79 were characterized by IC(50) values ≤ 10 μM and 35 were active in bioassays with live bacteria. This set of compounds comprises previously unidentified scaffolds for RecA inhibition and represents tractable hit structures for efforts aimed at tuning RecA inhibitory activity in both biochemical and bacteriological assays.
Distributed Control Independence for Composable Multi-processors (2012)

Composable Multi-processors employ large instruction windows and distributed layout, both of which amplify the branch misprediction penalty. Once branch misprediction is detected, hundreds or thousands of instructions may be in flight. Simple squashing all the instructions following the mispredicted branch turn to be a large waste. Branch misprediction becomes the key bottleneck in these systems. In this paper, we introduce Distributed Control Independence (DCI) to reduce branch misprediction bottleneck in a composable multi-processor, named TFlex. With control independence, branch misprediction penalty can be alleviated by saving the useful work of future control independent instructions. We found that only a small part of the saving instructions, whose data is depended on control dependent instructions, need re-executing. DCI achieves high hardware efficiency and performance scalability. Our experiment results show that DCI effectively mitigates the bottleneck of branch misprediction and speeds up baseline TFlex by a geometric mean of 35% when running diverse applications on 16-core TFlex configuration.
An electro-tensile bioreactor for 3-D culturing of cardiomyocytes (2005)

Cardiac tissue engineering is an emerging field that shows great potential for the treatment of heart disease. With the aim of addressing concerns on a number of the major constraints inherent to cell and tissue culturing, such as ease of cleaning and sterilization, a unique design for gel fixation, and compatibility with commercially available CO/sub 2/ incubators, an electro-tensile bioreactor for 3-D culturing of cardiomyocytes in collagen gels has been developed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first electro-mechanical bioreactor system to simulate the electrical and mechanical response of the myocardium in vivo. In this paper, a dynamic tensile force similar to that which occurs in the cardiac cyclic action in vivo is employed. The electric stimulus is utilized not only for the simulation of in vivo electrical activity but for synchronistic pacing of the extra-mechanical stimulus with the spontaneous beating of the cultured cardiac tissue equivalent (CTE). The enhancement of contraction of the CTEs was observed using light microscopy. These results emphasize the importance of electro-tensile forces on the augmentation of CTE contractile force.
Thiolesters of Perfluorocarboxylic Acids (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiolesters of Perfluorocarboxylic AcidsMurray Hauptschein, Charles S. Stokes, and Edward A. NodiffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 16, 4005–4010Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01136a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01136a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views295Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interfacial Tension at Elevated Pressure and Temperature. II. Interfacial Properties of Hydrocarbon–Water Systems. (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInterfacial Tension at Elevated Pressure and Temperature. II. Interfacial Properties of Hydrocarbon–Water Systems.A. S. Michaels and E. A. HauserCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1951, 55, 3, 408–421Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150486a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j150486a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views646Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Using static analysis for automatic assessment and mitigation of unwanted and malicious activities within Android applications (2011)

In the last decade, smartphones have gained widespread usage. Since the advent of online application stores, hundreds of thousands of applications have become instantly available to millions of smart-phone users. Within the Android ecosystem, application security is governed by digital signatures and a list of coarse-grained permissions. However, this mechanism is not fine-grained enough to provide the user with a sufficient means of control of the applications' activities. Abuse of highly sensible private information such as phone numbers without users' notice is the result. We show that there is a high frequency of privacy leaks even among widely popular applications. Together with the fact that the majority of the users are not proficient in computer security, this presents a challenge to the engineers developing security solutions for the platform. Our contribution is twofold: first, we propose a service which is able to assess Android Market applications via static analysis and provide detailed, but readable reports to the user. Second, we describe a means to mitigate security and privacy threats by automated reverse-engineering and refactoring binary application packages according to the users' security preferences.
Stability Enhancement Techniques for Nanoscale SRAM Circuits (2008)

Four circuit techniques for high data stability and low leakage power consumption in static CMOS memory circuits are compared in this paper. The techniques that provide the highest data stability, the lowest leakage power consumption, and the smallest memory cell area are identified. The first circuit technique employs a dynamic voltage swing wordline driver to control the operation of the standard six-transistor (6T) memory cells. The wordline voltage swing is dynamically tuned during read and write operations in order to simultaneously enhance the read stability and the write margin without increasing the size of the transistors in the SRAM cell. The other three circuit techniques tackle the data stability challenge by modifying the memory cell circuit structure. A nine-transistor (9T), an eight-transistor (8T), and a dual-threshold-voltage (dual-V t ) seven-transistor (7T) SRAM circuit are considered in this paper. The data storage nodes are isolated from the bitlines with these techniques, thereby significantly enhancing the read stability as compared to the standard 6T SRAM circuits. Among the evaluated memory circuits, the 9T and the 8T SRAM cells provide the highest data stability during a read operation. The read stability of the 9T and the 8T SRAM cells is 80% higher as compared to a standard 6T SRAM cell sized for data stability (with β ?= 3) in a 65nm CMOS technology. Alternatively, the dynamic wordline voltage swing technique offers the smallest area and the dual-V t 7T SRAM cell consumes the lowest leakage power among the evaluated memory cells.
Complete functional mapping of infection- and vaccine-elicited antibodies against the fusion peptide of HIV (2018)

Abstract Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting envelope (Env) is a major goal of HIV vaccine development, but cross-clade breadth from immunization has only sporadically been observed. Recently, Xu et al (2018) elicited cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses in a variety of animal models using immunogens based on the epitope of bnAb VRC34.01. The VRC34.01 antibody, which was elicited by natural human infection, targets the N terminus of the Env fusion peptide, a critical component of the virus entry machinery. Here we precisely characterize the functional epitopes of VRC34.01 and two vaccine-elicited murine antibodies by mapping all single amino-acid mutations to the BG505 Env that affect viral neutralization. While escape from VRC34.01 occurred via mutations in both fusion peptide and distal interacting sites of the Env trimer, escape from the vaccine-elicited antibodies was mediated predominantly by mutations in the fusion peptide. Cryo-electron microscopy of four vaccine-elicited antibodies in complex with Env trimer revealed focused recognition of the fusion peptide and provided a structural basis for development of neutralization breadth. Together, these functional and structural data suggest that the breadth of vaccine-elicited antibodies targeting the fusion peptide can be enhanced by specific interactions with additional portions of Env. Thus, our complete maps of viral escape provide a template to improve the breadth or potency of future vaccine-induced antibodies against Env’s fusion peptide. Author summary A major goal of HIV-1 vaccine design is to elicit antibodies that neutralize diverse strains of HIV-1. Recently, some of us elicited such antibodies in animal models using immunogens based on the epitope of a broad antibody (VRC34.01) isolated from an infected individual. Further improving these vaccine-elicited antibody responses will require a detailed understanding of how the resulting antibodies target HIV’s envelope protein (Env). Here, we used mutational antigenic profiling to precisely map the epitope of two vaccine-elicited antibodies and the template VRC34.01 antibody. We did this by quantifying the effect of all possible amino acid mutations to Env on antibody neutralization. Although all antibodies target a similar region of Env, we found clear differences in the functional interaction of Env with the vaccine- and infection-elicited antibodies. We combined these functional data with structural analyses to identify antibody–Env interactions that could improve the breadth of vaccine-elicited antibodies, and thereby help to refine vaccination schemes to achieve broader responses.
Automatic plankton image classification combining multiple view features via multiple kernel learning (2017)

This study demonstrated automatic plankton image classification system combining multiple view features using multiple kernel learning. The results indicated that multiple view features combined by NLMKL using three kernel functions (linear, polynomial and Gaussian kernel functions) can describe and use information of features better so that achieve a higher classification accuracy.
Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Alkenes (2005)

Abstract The oxidation of alkenes to vicinal diols using osmium tetroxide is one of the most selective and reliable transformations in organic synthesis. The reaction stereospecifically produces a cis‐1,2‐glycol and is tolerant of a wide array of functional groups. Methods have been developed to oxidize alkenes stoichiometrically, as well as in the presence of catalytic amounts of osmium tetroxide, when a suitable secondary oxidant is present. The latter process is particularly useful considering the expense and toxicity of osmium tetroxide. The utility of dihydroxylation in organic synthesis is enhanced by the facile transformations of the cis‐1,2‐diol products into other useful derivatives. Among the most versatile intermediates are the corresponding cyclic sulfates, which serve as reactive epoxide equivalents that can be used singly or doubly displaced with amine‐, oxygen‐, sulfur‐, or carbon‐based nucleophiles. The reaction of osmium tetroxide with alkenes is accelerated by several orders of magnitude in the presence of coordinating amine ligands such as triethylamine, quinuclidine, or diazobicyclooctane. The logical extension to asymmetric osmylation of alkenes in the presence of chiral amine bases spurred the study of asymmetric dihydroxylation. The breakthrough of catalytic turnover in the cinchona alkaloid‐osmium tetroxide system revolutionized the field of asymmetric dihydroxylation. Specialized ligands have been developed to provide position selectivity in the dihydroxylation of polyenes, efficient kinetic resolution of racemic substrates, and high levels of enantioselectivity for each of six alkene classes.
Loss of<i>ALS2</i>Function Is Insufficient to Trigger Motor Neuron Degeneration in Knock-Out Mice But Predisposes Neurons to Oxidative Stress (2005)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common motor neuron disease, is caused by a selective loss of motor neurons in the CNS. Mutations in the ALS2 gene have been linked to one form of autosomal recessive juvenile onset ALS (ALS2). To investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of ALS2, we generated ALS2 knock-out (ALS2(-/-)) mice. Although ALS2(-/-) mice lacked obvious developmental abnormalities, they exhibited age-dependent deficits in motor coordination and motor learning. Moreover, ALS2(-/-) mice showed a higher anxiety response in the open-field and elevated plus-maze tasks. Although they failed to recapitulate clinical or neuropathological phenotypes consistent with motor neuron disease by 20 months of age, ALS2(-/-) mice or primary cultured neurons derived from these mice were more susceptible to oxidative stress compared with wild-type controls. These observations suggest that loss of ALS2 function is insufficient to cause major motor deficits or motor neuron degeneration in a mouse model but predisposes neurons to oxidative stress.
Partial trench isolated body-tied (PTIBT) structure for SOI applications (2002)

Silicon on insulator (SOI) technology has gained interest to provide improvements in speed and power consumption over bulk technologies. However, floating body effects of SOI devices such as kinks, parasitic bipolar action and hysteretic propagation delay have retarded its application. To eliminate these undesirable effects several body-tied structures have been suggested, but all generally suffer from adverse costs such as performance degradation and/or process complexity. We propose a novel body-tied structure, adding simple partial trench isolation, which effectively suppresses the floating body effects without performance degradation.
Design and performance considerations for sub-0.1 μm double-gate SOI MOSFET'S (2002)

We present a simulation-based analysis of the device design and circuit performance trade-offs between short channel immunity and parasitic device capacitances of sub-0.1 /spl mu/m double-gate SOI MOSFET's. We demonstrate that perfect alignment of the bottom gate to the top gate is not necessary to achieve adequate short channel immunity but is required to maintain short gate delays. Double-gate MOSFET device design guidelines are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Marionette: a system for parallel distributed programming using a master/slave model (2003)

Marionette, a software package for distributed parallel programming in an environment of networked heterogeneous computer systems is described. It uses a master/slave model in which otherwise sequential application programmes can invoke worker operations (asynchronous remote procedure calls executed by slave processes) and context operations (updates to slaves' process states). The master and slaves also interact through shared data structures that can be modified only by the master. The Marionette runtime system is a heterogeneous remote procedure call package. It maintains the consistency of shared data structures, recovers transparently from slave processor failure, and assigns operations to slaves. The Marionette system includes tools for debugging, automated compilation of program binaries for multiple architectures, and distributing binaries to remote file systems. Measurements of a UNIX-based implementation to Marionette and a parallel ray-tracing renderer are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Fragility of Normal and Abnormal Erythrocytes in a Controlled Hydrodynamic Shear Field (1977)

Fresh human erythrocytes (suspended in a compatible isotonic viscous saline medium containing plasma) were disrupted by the uniform shear stresses generated in the laminar flow field of a conventional cone and plate viscometer. A range of normal fragilities was established and blood samples from patients having certain well-defined haematological abnormalities were found to be partially or completely outside these limits. The present technique is sensitive enough to distinguish between young and old cell fractions isolated from the same original population and also appears to be able to resolve discrete sub-populations having different mechanical fragilities within unfractionated samples from certain patients (e.g. macrocytosis). This technique provides additional information which could aid or facilitate diagnosis and might eventually form the basis of a routine screening test in clinical haematology.