gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critically stressed faults and fluid flow (2007)

In this chapter I consider three topics related to fluid flow in fractured and faulted oil, gas and geothermal reservoirs. First, I consider the influence of fractures and faults on reservoir permeability with the associated implications for permeability anisotropy within a fractured and faulted reservoir. Second, I consider geomechanical controls on fault sealing and leakage in fault bounded reservoirs. Finally, I consider dynamic constraints on hydrocarbon column heights and reservoir pressures, again in fault bounded reservoirs. A common element of the discussions of these three subjects is fluid flow along critically stressed faults. As discussed in Chapters 4 and 9, the fact that the state of stress in many reservoirs is found to be controlled by the frictional strength of optimally oriented faults has important implications for fluid flow at a variety of scales.
Swelling Packers Solve Zonal-Isolation Challenge in Oman High-Pressure Wells (2007)

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 100361, "PDO's Proactive Approach To Solving a Zonal- Isolation Challenge in Harweel HP Wells Using Swell Packers," by M.S. Laws, SPE, (now with Shell Abu Dhabi B.V.), J.E. Fraser, SPE, and H.F. Soek, SPE, Petroleum Development Oman, and N. Carter, SPE, Easywell UAE (now with Sensornet Ltd.), prepared for the 2006 IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition, Bangkok, Thailand, 13–15 November. The Harweel cluster of reservoirs in southern Oman is Petroleum Development Oman's first enhanced-oil-recovery project. Zonal isolation is crucial to the success of the planned miscible-gas-injection project. Previous isolation attempts using cementing technology alone have proved to be unsuccessful. On the basis of results obtained from both laboratory and field tests, swelling packers in combination with cement have demonstrated zonal isolation in these challenging high-pressure reservoirs. This could enable a significant increase in reserves and, hence, ultimate recovery in these fields. Introduction The Harweel cluster consists of nine different deep, highly pressured reservoirs containing sour, light hydrocarbons. More than 50 wells have been drilled in and around these fields. The initial wells have a shallow 13 3/8-in. surface casing, a long 9 5/8-in. production casing, a 7-in. liner cemented over the reservoir section, and 3 1/2-in. production tubing. The cluster is being developed in a phased manner. The objective of Phase 1 was to gather data from a number of different sources to determine if a miscible-gas-injection project would be feasible in some of these fields. Phase 2 will involve primary depletion in a number of fields followed by gas injection in some, and Phase 3 will involve clusterwide depletion and gas injection in the remaining fields. To maximize ultimate recovery from these fields, gas (and water) shutoff is required during Phases 2 and 3 of the project. For this to be effective, zonal isolation over the reservoir is essential. A substantial effort has been expended during construction of the Phase 1 wells to determine if zonal isolation was being achieved with standard cementing techniques. Cement-bond logs were run over the liner section in every well to determine cement quality. These logs showed that a microannulus was being created in practically every case. During well completion, cement debonding from the production liner occurs as a result of differential-pressure effects that lead to creation of a microannulus. Once the microannulus is created, a permanent flow path between the cement and production liner can be created, preventing zonal isolation. Selective perforating during the subsequent well-testing campaign showed that this microannulus was conductive to reservoir fluids (Fig. 1). In one incident, reservoir fluids leaked all the way to surface through the microannulus.
Fenfluramine in Prader-Willi syndrome: a double blind, placebo controlled trial. (1990)

A double blind trial was conducted to determine the effect of fenfluramine on the weight and behaviour of patients with the Prader-Willi syndrome. Fifteen subjects, aged 5.5 to 27 years, received the placebo and the active drug, each for a period of six weeks. The dose of fenfluramine varied according to the age of the patient. Treatment with fenfluramine was associated with significant weight loss, improvement in food related behaviour, and a decrease in aggressive behaviour directed towards others. Skin picking and other self mutilation were unaffected by the drug. None of the subjects suffered from any side effects while taking the drug. These findings suggest that short term treatment with fenfluramine may have a role in the management of some patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. It could be used during periods when exposure to large amounts of food cannot be avoided and aggressive behaviour is particularly difficult to contain. It may also be useful in those whose lives are threatened by the complications of obesity.
Hypermethylation and Silencing of the Putative Tumor Suppressor<b><i>Tazarotene-Induced Gene 1</i></b>in Human Cancers (2004)

A variety of tumor suppressor genes are down-regulated by hypermethylation during carcinogenesis. Using methylated CpG amplification-representation difference analysis, we identified a DNA fragment corresponding to the Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) promoter-associated CpG island as one of the genes hypermethylated in the leukemia cell line K562. Because TIG1 has been proposed to act as a tumor suppressor, we tested the hypothesis that cytosine methylation of the TIG1 promoter suppresses its expression and causes a loss of responsiveness to retinoic acid in some neoplastic cells. We examined TIG1 methylation and expression status in 53 human cancer cell lines and 74 primary tumors, including leukemia and head and neck, breast, colon, skin, brain, lung, and prostate cancer. Loss of TIG1 expression was strongly associated with TIG1 promoter hypermethylation (P < 0.001). There was no correlation between TIG1 promoter methylation and that of retinoid acid receptor beta2 (RARbeta2), another retinoic-induced putative tumor suppressor gene (P = 0.78). Treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine for 5 days restored TIG1 expression in all eight silenced cell lines tested. TIG1 expression was also inducible by treatment with 1 micro M all-trans-retinoic acid for 3 days except in densely methylated cell lines. Treatment of the K562 leukemia cells with demethylating agent combined with all-trans-retinoic acid induced apoptosis. These findings indicate that silencing of TIG1 promoter by hypermethylation is common in human cancers and may contribute to the loss of retinoic acid responsiveness in some neoplastic cells.
Absolute Quantification of Intracellular Glycogen Content in Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Raman Microspectroscopy (2011)

We present a method to perform absolute quantification of glycogen in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in situ based on the use of Raman microspectroscopy. The proposed quantification method was validated by comparison to a commonly used commercial glycogen assay kit. With Raman microspectroscopy, we could obtain the glycogen content of hESCs faster and apparently more accurately than with the kit. In addition, glycogen distributions across a colony could be obtained. Raman spectroscopy can provide reliable estimates of the in situ glycogen content in hESCs, and this approach should also be extensible to their other biochemical constituents as well as to other cell types.
Re-evaluating systems engineering concepts using systems thinking (1998)

Humans (individually, on teams, and in organizations) can follow simple processes to increase their probability of success. Many authors, both technical and nontechnical, have described processes for doing various things like designing a system, attaining business excellence, and solving personal and professional problems. The amazing similarities in these diverse processes suggest that there is a general process that might be closely related to human thinking. This general process was abstracted into the SIMILAR Process. This paper shows how the SIMILAR Process was used to help redescribe the requirements discovery process and system design process.
Authorship and Collaboration Pattern in SRELS Journal of Information Management during 2008-2017: An Evaluation (2019)

The present study is an evaluation of authorship and collaboration pattern in SRELS Journal of Information Management during 2008-2017. Total 578 articles published during the study period out of which 196 articles are published by single author and rest 386 articles are published by two or more than two authors. It is clear from the study that multiple authorship pattern is prominent in the journal. In the study it has been counted that the average collaboration index is 1.86, average collaboration coefficient is 0.36, average degree of collaboration is 0.66, average relative growth rate is 0.32 and average doubling time is 3.40 during 2008-2017. The highest activity index for India is counted in the year 2009 and lowest activity index is counted in the year 2013
Virtual Power Plant Control concepts with Electric Vehicles (2011)

Three approaches for grid integration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) through a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) concept are introduced. A classification of these different ways for realizing a VPP based on the control structure, resource type, and the aggregation approach is discussed. This is followed by a description of the three VPP approaches, which are referred to as direct, hierarchical, and distributed control approaches. For each of the three approaches, the necessary operational steps are discussed and the differences are highlighted. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate EV integration through a VPP concept.
Modified electrophoretic and digestion conditions allow a simplified mass spectrometric evaluation of disulfide bonds (2009)

Proper formation of disulfide bonds in proteins is a prerequisite to their stability and function. Information on disulfide pattern may therefore serve as an indication of the proper folding of recombinant proteins, and can also be used in protein homology modeling for the purpose of structure refinement. Protein handling and digestion at basic pH leads to disulfide bond scrambling. That is why the samples are usually treated and digested at low pH where no scrambling occurs. Unfortunately, the specific proteases used in protein research are active at high pH values. Here, we present a complete sample handling protocol, which allows processing of disulfide containing proteins at basic pH. We modified the standard SDS gel electrophoresis and protein digestion conditions by the addition of an oxidative agent, cystamine. This modification prevented disulfide scrambling, which we otherwise observed in the samples handled according to the general protocol. Lysozyme from hen egg was used as a model protein for the development of the method. We then applied our protocol to human leukocyte antigen CD69, for which the disulfide bonding is known, but only for its monomeric form. In addition, the disulfide arrangement was then 'de novo' identified in the recombinant murine leukocyte receptor NKR-P1A and in the larger glycosylated proteins beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases from Aspergillus oryzae and Penicillium oxalicum.
Impact of Treatment with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Protease Inhibitors on Hepatitis C Viremia in Patients Coinfected with HIV (1998)

The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors on hepatitis C (HCV) viremia was assessed in 19 patients infected with both HIV and HCV. HIV and HCV RNA levels were measured before and during treatment with protease inhibitors. before treatment, mean levels of HCV RNA were 5.3 log for HCV RNA and 5.0 log for HIV RNA. CD4 lymphocyte counts were 63/mm3. after 6 weeks of treatment, a mean reduction of 2.1 log10 in HIV RNA (P < .001) and a mean (±SE) increase of 73 (±21) CD4 and 296 (±70) CD8 cells were observed (P < .05). In contrast, both HCV viremia (+0.4 log ± 0.1) and alanine aminotransferase increased (P < .04). HCV RNA levels returned to baseline after 17 and 32 weeks of treatment. Thus, potent anti-HIV regimens with protease inhibitors may temporarily worsen HCV status despite improvement of HIV parameters.
Organizing WWW images based on the analysis of page layout and Web link structure (2005)

Due to the rapid growth of the number of digital images on the Web, there is an increasing demand for an effective and efficient method of organizing and retrieving the images available. This paper describes a method for clustering and embedding WWW images. By using a vision-based page segmentation algorithm, a Web page is partitioned into blocks, and the textual and link information of an image can be accurately extracted from the block containing that image. By extracting the page-to-block, block-to-image, block-to-page relationships through a link structure and page layout analysis, we construct an image graph. With the image graph model, we use techniques from spectral graph theory for image clustering and embedding. Some experimental results are given in the paper.
Linewidth‐Optimized Extraordinary Optical Transmission in Water with Template‐Stripped Metallic Nanohole Arrays (2012)

Abstract The experimental observation of unusually sharp plasmon resonance peaks in periodic Ag nanohole arrays made using template stripping is reported. The extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) peak associated with the surface plasmon polaritons at the smooth Ag‐water interface shows a well‐defined Fano‐type profile with a linewidth below 10 nm at a wavelength of around 700 nm. Notably, this sharp and intense radiant peak (Q factor of 71) is obtained at visible frequencies in water and at normally incident illumination. This is accomplished by obtaining high‐quality Ag surfaces with a roughness below 1 nm, which reduces the imaginary component of the Ag dielectric function that is associated with material damping, as well as shrinking the nanohole radius to decrease radiative damping of plasmons. The localized spectral response of the radiant plasmon peak is characterized using the nanohole array in water in a layer‐by‐layer fashion via sequential atomic layer deposition of Al 2 O 3 . Because the ultrasharp EOT peak is obtained with excellent uniformity over a centimeter‐sized area from the metallic nanohole array in water, these template‐stripped nanohole arrays will benefit many practical applications based on EOT.
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is vital to sperm fertilizing capacity and male fertility (2007)

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel, mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis, a disease characterized by defective Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) transport. Although >95% of all CF male patients are infertile because of congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD), the question whether CFTR mutations are involved in other forms of male infertility is under intense debates. Here we report that CFTR is detected in both human and mouse sperm. CFTR inhibitor or antibody significantly reduces the sperm capacitation, and the associated HCO(3)(-)-dependent events, including increases in intracellular pH, cAMP production and membrane hyperpolarization. The fertilizing capacity of the sperm obtained from heterozygous CFTR mutant mice is also significantly lower compared with that of the wild-type. These results suggest that CFTR in sperm may be involved in the transport of HCO(3)(-) important for sperm capacitation and that CFTR mutations with impaired CFTR function may lead to reduced sperm fertilizing capacity and male infertility other than CBAVD.
Learning to Answer Questions from Image Using Convolutional Neural Network (2016)

In this paper, we propose to employ the convolutional neural network (CNN) for the image question answering (QA) task. Our proposed CNN provides an end-to-end framework with convolutional architectures for learning not only the image and question representations, but also their inter-modal interactions to produce the answer. More specifically, our model consists of three CNNs: one image CNN to encode the image content, one sentence CNN to compose the words of the question, and one multimodal convolution layer to learn their joint representation for the classification in the space of candidate answer words. We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed model on the DAQUAR and COCO-QA datasets, which are two benchmark datasets for image QA, with the performances significantly outperforming the state-of-the-art.
Assessment practices of clinical neuropsychologists in the United States and Canada: A survey of INS, NAN, and APA Division 40 members (2004)

The present study surveyed assessment practices and test usage patterns among clinical neuropsychologists. Respondents were 747 North American, doctorate-level psychologists (40% usable response rate) affiliated with Division 40 of the American Psychological Association (APA), the National Academy of Neuropsychology (NAN), or the International Neuropsychological Society (INS). Respondents first provided basic demographic and practice-related information and reported their most frequently utilized instruments. Overall, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales and Wechsler Memory Scales were most frequently used, followed by the Trail Making Test, California Verbal Learning Test, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Respondents also reviewed a vignette about a traumatic brain injury patient, and then reported the instruments they would use to assess this patient's specific cognitive symptomatology, general cognitive ability, and capacity to return to work. Particular attention was paid to the areas of memory, attention, and executive functioning. The current study represents the largest and most comprehensive test usage survey conducted to date within the field of clinical neuropsychology. Survey results update and greatly expand knowledge about neuropsychologists' assessment practices. Following a review of findings, results are compared to those obtained in prior surveys and implications for the field of neuropsychology are discussed.
Silicon nitride gate dielectric for top-gated carbon nanotube field effect transistors (2004)

We develop and demonstrate a process to fabricate top-gated carbon nanotube transistors using silicon nitride as the gate dielectric. I-V curves of these silicon nitride gated nanotube transistors are measured.
Multi-layer and Multi-aspect Design of CA System Security (2009)

Security of CA system is a critical component which influences the security in E-Commerce. This paper analyzes the network architecture of CA system, and presents multi-layer and multi-aspect security architecture of CA system. This security design focuses on the network layer and application layer. Firewalls divide CA system network into different security grade areas. The following methods are employed in the application layer for security protects: add the sender time stamp in the packets to prevent repeat packets attack; clear to 0 in memory and save as encrypted data in the database for the important data to prevent invalid reading; use central monitor system. The design is employed in a real CA system successfully.
Acousto-optic tunable filter imaging spectrometer for NASA applications: system issues (1990)

An acousto-optic tunable filter imaging spectrometer system operating in the visible region (0.4-0.8 um) has been developed and demonstrated. A comparison between other types ofspectrometers and advantages to future NASA missions are discussed. Performance issues relating to the spectral and imaging capabilities of the spectrometer are discussed.
Architecture of the IBM system/370 (1978)

This paper discusses the design considerations for the architectural extensions that distinguish System/370 from System/360. It comments on some experiences with the original objectives for System/360 and on the efforts to achieve them, and it describes the reasons and objectives for extending the architecture. It covers virtual storage, program control, data-manipulation instructions, timing facilities, multiprocessing, debugging and monitoring, error handling, and input/output operations. A final section tabulates some of the important parameters of the various IBM machines which implement the architecture.
Redistribution of FOXP3-Positive Regulatory T Cells From Lymphoid Tissues to Peripheral Blood in HIV-Infected Patients (2007)

HIV-infected patients had low FOXP3 expression in lymphoid tissue and redistributed Treg to peripheral blood. HAART reduced even more the proportion of lymphoid tissue Treg in association with the immunologic recovery observed after treatment. The type of HAART may have an impact on the distribution of Treg cells.
Protection of the kidney against ischemic injury by inhibition of 5'-nucleotidase (1989)

We have evaluated the impact of inhibiting adenine nucleotide dephosphorylation on the metabolic and functional consequences of renal ischemia. Intramuscular injection of the ADP-analogue adenosine alpha, beta-methylene diphosphate (AMP-CP) achieved a 70% reduction in 5'-nucleotidase activity, as measured in crude extracts of rat kidney. AMPCP-treated animals had an increased residual nucleotide pool at the end of 45 min of ischemia compared with untreated rats. Assessment of renal ATP by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) in vivo during reflow demonstrates the following: 1) higher rapid initial recovery of ATP (69.3 +/- 1.2 vs. 50.0 +/- 0.5% control value, P less than 0.005), 2) accelerated rate of ATP restoration (0.20 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.11 +/- 0.01% control/min, P less than 0.005), and 3) significantly enhanced renal ATP content after 120 min (93.6 +/- 2.0 vs. 63.1 +/- 0.7% control, P less than 0.005). Kidney function, as measured by the rate of inulin clearance 24 h after the insult, was also significantly improved in AMPCP-treated rats (725 +/- 50 vs. 313 +/- 28 microliters.min-1.100 g body wt-1). Thus inhibition of 5'-nucleotidase results in enhanced metabolic and functional recovery from a renal ischemic insult.
Dichlorvos and the cholinergic system: effects on cholinesterase and acetylcholine and choline contents of rat tissues. (1975)

The inhibition of cholinesterase by 50 mg/kg/5 ml, p.o., dichlorvos and subsequent recovery of enzyme activity was uniform in all brain regions studied. This uniformity was not observed in liver, erythrocytes and plasma. Acetylcholine levels were elevated in brain areas from 48 to 171% at 15 minutes after treatment. However, a biphasic effect was seen on choline metabolism in the brain. The cortex was found to be more cholinergic than the striatum in terms of per cent increase in acetylcholine and choline.
Effect Of Zinc Supplementation In Male Hypogonadism With Zinc Deficiency (1999)

Only few studies on zinc status in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism patients are available from India; however no study has been reported on the therapeutic effect of zinc supplementation on these patients. The present study was undertaken to assess the zinc status and hormonal profile in patients presenting with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and then to assess the therapeutic effect of zinc supplementation in those patients found to be zinc deficient. Zinc supplementation study on hypogonadism patients showed good improvement in terms of erythrocyte and hair zinc levels and also showed improvement in testosterone levels in a proportion of patients. When clinically evaluated. 67% of the patients have shown improvement suggesting that zinc therapy can be effectively used to treat a subset of patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.