gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The allosteric ATP‐inhibition of cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase activity is reversibly switched on by cAMP‐dependent phosphorylation (2000)

In previous studies the allosteric inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase at high intramitochondrial ATP/ADP-ratios via binding of the nucleotides to the matrix domain of subunit IV was demonstrated. Here we show that the allosteric ATP-inhibition of the isolated bovine heart enzyme is switched on by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation with protein kinase A of subunits II (and/or III) and Vb, and switched off by subsequent incubation with protein phosphatase 1. It is suggested that after cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of cytochrome c oxidase mitochondrial respiration is controlled by the ATP/ADP-ratio keeping the proton motive force Deltap low, and the efficiency of energy transduction high. After Ca(2+)-induced dephosphorylation this control is lost, accompanied by increase of Deltap, slip of proton pumping (decreased H(+)/e(-) stoichiometry), and increase of the rate of respiration and ATP-synthesis at a decreased efficiency of energy transduction.
Insertion of poly(acrylamide) disc‐columnar liquid crystals as a functional template in organic photovoltaics (2012)

Abstract Poly(acrylamide) disc‐columnar liquid crystals act as a transport interlayer that has been developed to improve photoconversion efficiency. It is composed of 2,3,6,7‐tetra‐6‐hexyloxydibenzo[a,c]phenazine‐11‐carboxylic monomer and polyacrylamide to show a high isotropic phase transition point of ∼ 270°C and a decomposition temperature T d 5% = 450°C. Absorption in the visible light region is in the range of 200–450 nm. A hexagonally columnar mesophase was investigated by optical and texture analysis. The ability of a self‐assembled pathway enhanced carrier mobility due to π‐π conjugation in stacking up macrocyclic core. This study demonstrated the insertion of a functionally dibenzophenazine‐based polymer as a hole‐extracting layer with a columnar array in OPVs which is sufficient to promote a 16% increase in the amount of harvested light. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A metabolite-regulated potassium channel in rat pancreatic B cells. (1986)

In B cells from dispersed rat islet of Langerhans we have identified an inward rectifying voltage-independent K+ channel whose behavior parallels the metabolically regulated potassium permeability (PK) found in tracer flux and microelectrode recording studies. In cell-attached patches of membrane, the channel is closed when any one of several substrates (glucose, mannose, leucine, or glyceraldehyde) is added to the cell's bathing solution but is reopened on addition of an appropriate metabolic inhibitor, which prevents utilization of that substrate. In inside-out excised patches, a K+ channel with nearly identical kinetic features is closed by addition of micromolar concentrations of ATP to the "cytoplasmic" solution. The ATP sensitivity of channel activity is modified by addition of ADP, suggesting competition at a nucleotide binding site. These results suggest the presence of a metabolically regulated K+ channel gated by intracellular concentrations of ATP or the ratio of ATP/ADP concentrations.
Selection of biocatalysts for chemical synthesis (2006)

To determine whether microbial chemosensors can be used to find new or better biocatalysts, we constructed Escherichia coli hosts that recognize the product of a biocatalytic conversion through the transcriptional activator NahR and respond by expression of a lacZ or tetA reporter gene. Equipped with a benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (XylC from Pseudomonas putida), the lacZ-based host responded to the oxidation of benzaldehyde and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde to the corresponding benzoic acids by forming blue colonies, whereas XylC- cells did not. Similarly, the tetA-based host was able to grow under selective conditions only when equipped with XylC, enabling selection of biocatalytically active cells in inactive populations at frequencies as low as 10(-6).
Minireview: Cyclin D1: Normal and Abnormal Functions (2004)

Cyclin D1 encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates and inactivates the retinoblastoma protein and promotes progression through the G1-S phase of the cell cycle. Amplification or overexpression of cyclin D1 plays pivotal roles in the development of a subset of human cancers including parathyroid adenoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, and prostate cancer. Of the three D-type cyclins, each of which binds cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), it is cyclin D1 overexpression that is predominantly associated with human tumorigenesis and cellular metastases. In recent years accumulating evidence suggests that in addition to its original description as a CDK-dependent regulator of the cell cycle, cyclin D1 also conveys cell cycle or CDK-independent functions. Cyclin D1 associates with, and regulates activity of, transcription factors, coactivators and corepressors that govern histone acetylation and chromatin remodeling proteins. The recent findings that cyclin D1 regulates cellular metabolism, fat cell differentiation and cellular migration have refocused attention on novel functions of cyclin D1 and their possible role in tumorigenesis. In this review, both the classic and novel functions of cyclin D1 are discussed with emphasis on the CDK-independent functions of cyclin D1.
Memory Hierarchy Design for Next Generation Scalable Many-core Platforms (2016)

Performance and energy consumption in modern computing platforms is largely dominated by the memory hierarchy. The increasing computational power in the multiprocessors and accelerators, and the emergence of the data-intensive workloads (e.g. large-scale graph traversal and scientific algorithms) requiring fast transfer of large volumes of data, are two main trends which intensify this problem by putting even higher pressure on the memory hierarchy. This increasing gap between computation speed and data transfer speed is commonly referred as the “memory wall” problem. With the emergence of heterogeneous Three Dimensional (3D) Integration based on through-silicon-vias (TSV), this situation has started to recover in the past years. On one hand, it is now possible to improve memory access bandwidth and/or latency by either stacking memories directly on top of processors or through abstracted memory interfaces such as Micron’s Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC). On the other hand, near memory computation has become worthy of revisiting due to the cost-effective integration of logic and memory in 3D stacks. These two directions bring about several interesting opportunities including performance improvement, energy and cost reduction, product miniaturization, and modular design for improved time to market. In this research, we study the effectiveness of the 3D integration technology and the optimization opportunities which it can provide in the different layers of the memory hierarchy in cluster-based many-core platforms ranging from intra-cluster L1 to inter-cluster L2 scratchpad memories (SPMs), as well as the main memory. In addition, by moving a part of the computation to where data resides, in the 3D-stacked memory context, we demonstrate further energy and performance improvement opportunities.
The Impact of Molecular Orientation on the Photovoltaic Properties of a Phthalocyanine/Fullerene Heterojunction (2012)

Abstract The anisotropy inherent to many planar organic molecules leads to a high sensitivity of various fundamental processes to the orientation of molecules within films and at heterojunctions. Such processes include absorption, charge and exciton transport, energy levels, and charge transfer, all of which are critical to organic solar cell operation. Here,an in‐depth study of bilayer cells consisting of a donor/acceptor interface between zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and fullerene (C 60 ) is conducted and devices with the typically deposited standing up (edge‐on) orientation are compared to those with ZnPc lying flat (face‐on). The face‐on ZnPc‐based device allows for an increase in all solar cell parameters, substantially increasing power conversion efficiency from 1.5% to 2.8%. Spectrally resolved photocurrent measurements reveal a >50% increase in ZnPc signal, from which only 12% is accounted for by the increase in absorption associated with the face‐on orientation. The increase in internal quantum efficiency is accounted for via an improved charge transfer. The results of this study indicate that proper consideration of the orientation between donor and acceptor needs to be taken in order to fully optimize the numerous processes required for photovoltaic energy conversion.
A bilinear model based solution to object pose estimation with monocular vision for grasping (2011)

Object grasping is an important step in robotic applications for subsequent operations, such as delivery and assembly. Automatic object pose estimation with monocular vision provides useful visual cues for grasping and makes it flexible. However, some of the pose factors, such as the pitch angle and the yaw angle, are difficult to estimate from the monocular vision. In this paper, a modified bilinear model is used to separate the pitch factor and the yaw factor from the object image so as to estimate the particular pitch angle and yaw angle. The iterative singular vector decomposition (SVD) in bilinear model fitting imposes a great computation burden. Thus, a random projection algorithm is used to reduce the dimension of the data while preserving the performance of the bilinear model. A weighted Euclidian distance based factor identification method, which discriminates the importance of the elements of the factor parameters, is presented to improve the robustness of the factor identification. Furthermore, with the pitch angle and the yaw angle estimated from the modified bilinear model, a three-step object pose estimation solution is proposed. Experiments are performed to verify the proposed pose estimation solution.
Multielectron Storage and Photo‐Induced Electron Transfer in Oligonuclear Complexes Containing Ruthenium(<scp>II</scp>) Terpyridine and Ferrocene Building Blocks (2006)

Abstract The heteroleptic complex [(HOOC‐tpy)Ru(tpy‐NH 2 )](PF 6 ) 2 (tpy = 2,2′;6′,2″‐terpyridine) has been incorporated into a multicomponent system with ferrocene moieties attached on either the N‐terminal end or the C‐terminal end and on both ends of the ruthenium complex. Electrochemical studies reveal almost noninteracting subunits in the oligonuclear systems, whereas ground‐state and excited‐state optical properties are shown to strongly depend on the site of ferrocene attachment. Interpretation of the experimental results is supported by DFT calculations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Minireview: Translational Animal Models of Human Menopause: Challenges and Emerging Opportunities (2012)

Increasing importance is placed on the translational validity of animal models of human menopause to discern risk vs. benefit for prediction of outcomes after therapeutic interventions and to develop new therapeutic strategies to promote health. Basic discovery research conducted over many decades has built an extensive body of knowledge regarding reproductive senescence across mammalian species upon which to advance animal models of human menopause. Modifications to existing animal models could rapidly address translational gaps relevant to clinical issues in human menopausal health, which include the impact of 1) chronic ovarian hormone deprivation and hormone therapy, 2) clinically relevant hormone therapy regimens (cyclic vs. continuous combined), 3) clinically relevant hormone therapy formulations, and 4) windows of opportunity and optimal duration of interventions. Modifications in existing animal models to more accurately represent human menopause and clinical interventions could rapidly provide preclinical translational data to predict outcomes regarding unresolved clinical issues relevant to women's menopausal health. Development of the next generation of animal models of human menopause could leverage advances in identifying genotypic variations in estrogen and progesterone receptors to develop personalized menopausal care and to predict outcomes of interventions for protection against or vulnerability to disease. Key to the success of these models is the close coupling between the translational target and the range of predictive validity. Preclinical translational animal models of human menopause need to keep pace with changes in clinical practice. With focus on predictive validity and strategic use of advances in genetic and epigenetic science, new animal models of human menopause have the opportunity to set new directions for menopausal clinical care for women worldwide.
Biomineralized hydroxyapatite nanoclay composite scaffolds with polycaprolactone for stem cell‐based bone tissue engineering (2014)

Nanoclay modified with unnatural amino acid was used to design a nanoclay-hydroxyapatite (HAP) hybrid by mineralizing HAP in the nanoclay galleries mimicking biomineralization. This hybrid (in situ HAPclay) was used to fabricate polycaprolactone (PCL)/in situ HAPclay films and scaffolds for bone regeneration. Cell culture assays and imaging were used to study interactions between human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and PCL/in situ HAPclay composites (films and scaffolds). SEM imaging indicated MSC attachment, formation of mineralized extracellular (ECM) on PCL/in situ HAPclay films, and infiltration of MSCs to the interior of PCL/in situ HAPclay scaffolds. Mineralized ECM was formed by MSCs without use of osteogenic supplements. AFM imaging performed on this in vitro generated mineralized ECM on PCL/in situ HAPclay films revealed presence of components (collagen and mineral) of hierarchical organization reminiscent of natural bone. Cellular events observed during two-stage seeding experiments on PCL/in situ HAPclay films indicated similarities with events occurring during in vivo bone formation. PCL/in situ HAPclay films showed significantly increased (100-595% increase in elastic moduli) nanomechanical properties and PCL/in situ HAPclay scaffolds showed increased degradation. This work puts forth PCL/in situ HAPclay composites as viable biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.
Oscillating wave displacement sensor using the enhanced Goos–Hänchen effect in a symmetrical metal-cladding optical waveguide (2008)

An oscillating wave displacement sensor based on the enhanced Goos-Hänchen (G-H) effect in a symmetrical metal-cladding optical waveguide is proposed. Since the detected signal is irrelevant to the power fluctuation of the incident light and the magnitude of the G-H shift is enhanced to hundreds of micrometers, a 40 pm resolution is demonstrated in our experiment without employing any complicated optical equipment and servo techniques.
Glass transition behavior of latex interpenetrating polymer networks based on methacrylic/acrylic pairs (1973)

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN's) of poly(alkyl methacrylates) and poly(alkyl acrylates) have been synthesized in latex form. Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy studies on these materials revealed extraordinarily broad glass transition regions, illustrating the semicompatible nature of these materials. In a true synergistic effect, the value of tan δ remains high and nearly constant over a broad temperature range for select compositions, emphasizing their potential value in noise and vibration damping applications. Compositionally identical latex IPN pairs were prepared by slow and rapid addition of monomer. The mechanical behavior of the resulting materials was similar and can be explained in terms of the core-shell model. A 50/50 isomeric homologous series of compositions was examined. After taking into account the relative difference between the glass transition temperatures of the methacrylic/acrylic pair, no substantial change in compatibility was noted throughout the series. Because the acrylic monomer II is roughly equally solvated by both the previously formed methacrylic polymer I and the nascent acrylic polymer II, extensive polymer I/polymer II mixing is encouraged, and sharp phase separation discouraged in these materials.
Frequency and Loss Factors of Sandwich Beams under Various Boundary Conditions (1978)

A complete set of equations of motion and boundary conditions governing the vibration of sandwich beams are derived by using the energy approach. They are solved exactly for important boundary conditions. The computational difficulties that were encountered in previous attempts at the exact solution of these equations have been overcome by careful programming. These exact results are presented in the form of design graphs and formulae, and their usage is illustrated by examples.
Recent Advancements in Ligament Tissue Engineering: The Use of Various Techniques and Materials for ACL Repair (2008)

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is important for knee stability and kinematics. Unfortunately, it is also the most commonly injured ligament of the knee and due to its poor healing potential, severe damage warrants surgical intervention including complete replacement. Current ACL replacements have a host of limitations that prevent their extensive use. Thus, investigators have begun to pursue tissue engineering techniques to create new options for the repair, regeneration, and replacement of the ACL. These options involve devices that are mechanically functional tissue engineered scaffolds and as such are designed to withstand normal mechanical loads while promoting ligament development. This article presents background on the ACL and its replacement, novel replacement approaches utilizing natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and natural tissues, and recent patent coverage.
Attentional Models of Multitask Pilot Performance Using Advanced Display Technology (2003)

In the first part of the reported research, 12 instrument-rated pilots flew a high-fidelity simulation, in which air traffic control presentation of auditory (voice) information regarding traffic and flight parameters was compared with advanced display technology presentation of equivalent information regarding traffic (cockpit display of traffic information) and flight parameters (data link display). Redundant combinations were also examined while pilots flew the aircraft simulation, monitored for outside traffic, and read back communications messages. The data suggested a modest cost for visual presentation over auditory presentation, a cost mediated by head-down visual scanning, and no benefit for redundant presentation. The effects in Part 1 were modeled by multiple-resource and preemption models of divided attention. In the second part of the research, visual scanning in all conditions was fit by an expected value model of selective attention derived from a previous experiment. This model accounted for 94% of the variance in the scanning data and 90% of the variance in a second validation experiment. Actual or potential applications of this research include guidance on choosing the appropriate modality for presenting in-cockpit information and understanding task strategies induced by introducing new aviation technology.
Accident and emergency medicine specialist registrars’ perceptions of the ‘essential’ aspects of a training placement (2003)

Abstract This study set out to identify the important aspects of training placements as perceived by specialist registrars (SpRs) in accident and emergency medicine (A&EM). These data were to be used to gain greater insight into the collective wishes of this group in order to inform the development of quality assurance systems. A self‐administered questionnaire was developed from repertory grid data and was used to identify what were the ‘essential’, ‘useful’ and ‘not needed’ aspects of A&EM training placements. The questionnaire covered ‘the job’, ‘the department’, ‘clinical experiences’, ‘support for learning’ and ‘training’. SpRs were also asked how frequently they wished certain activities to take place. The questionnaire was completed by 16 of the 17 A&EM SpRs (94%) training in the Northern Deanery. Of the 82 statements submitted to the SpRs, 40% (33) were marked as ‘essential’ by 75% or more of the registrars. Aspects classed as ‘essential’ by the highest number of SpRs were concerned with the recognition of their role as learners within a service environment and with how their learning was supported. SpRs felt it was essential to be integrated into the work team with a clear role that was understood to combine ‘education’ and service provision. Although there was consensus, the findings also showed the SpRs’ individuality in terms of their learning and support needs. The study illustrates the complexity of defining quality indicators for evaluating training processes in work placements and suggests that quality lies not just in the components of a system for managing education but also in the flexibility of its application and in aspects of the ‘learning culture’.
Optical transitions in a parabolic quantum well with an applied electric field—analytical solutions (1989)

Both interband and intersubband optical transitions in a parabolic quantum well with an applied electric field are investigated. The wave functions for the electrons and holes are those of the displaced harmonic oscillators, which are shifted in opposite directions. The dipole moment matrices, the absorption coefficients, and the changes in the refractive indices are evaluated with the intrasubband relaxations taken into account. Interesting electroabsorption and electro-optic effects are presented analytically and numerically.
Vitamin B6: an overview. (1983)

A wealth of information has accumulated over the past several decades with respect to the B-complex vitamins and their roles in health and disease. This paper focuses on a member of the B complex, vitamin B6, reviewing its biochemical functions, associated disease states, and laboratory evaluation.
Drinking policies and exercise-associated hyponatraemia: is anyone still promoting overdrinking? (2008)

Drinking policies during exercise have changed substantially throughout history. Since the mid-1990s, however, there has been an increase in the promotion of overdrinking by athletes. While the scientific community is slowly moving away from "blanket" hydration advice in which one form of advice fits all and towards more modest, individualised, hydration guidelines in which thirst is recognised as the best physiological indicator of each subject's fluid needs during exercise, marketing departments of the global sports drink industry continue to promote overdrinking.
Daylight availability data for selected cities in the United States (1983)

This report presents the Robbins and Hunter model for generating daylighting availability data and applies the model to climate data in 81 cities in the United States to determine daylight availability for each city. The model, composed of simple algebraic expressions, is based on research at the SERI daylighting laboratory and is designed for low- and high-turbidity climates as well as for clear and overcast sky conditions. Inputs to the model are from Typical Meteorological Year and Estimated Typical Meteorological Year data tapes.
REVIEWS Sport et éducation sous Vichy. By GAY-LESCOTJEAN-LOUIS. Presses Universitaires de Lyon, 1991. 253 pp. Pb 137 F. (1993)

REVIEWS Get access Sport et éducation sous Vichy. By JEAN-LOUIS GAY-LESCOT. Presses Universitaires de Lyon, 1991. 253 pp. Pb 137 F. JOHN FLETCHER JOHN FLETCHER UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XLVII, Issue 3, July 1993, Pages 359-b–360, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XLVII.3.359-b Published: 01 July 1993