gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of high‐fat diet on the expression of proteins in muscle, adipose tissues, and liver of C57BL/6 mice (2004)

In the present study, the effect of a high fat diet on the expression of proteins in insulin target tissues was analyzed using a proteomic approach. Gastrocnemius muscle, white and brown adipose tissue, and liver were taken from C57BL/6 mice either fed on a high-fat or a chow diet. Expression levels of approximately 10 000 polypeptides for all the four tissues were assessed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Computer-assisted image analysis allowed the detection of 50 significantly (p < 0.05) differentially expressed proteins between obese and lean mice. Interestingly, more than half of these proteins were detected in the brown adipose tissue. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Several stress and redox proteins were modulated in response to the high-fat diet. A key glycolytic enzyme was found to be downregulated in adipose tissues and muscle, suggesting that at elevated plasma fatty acid concentrations, fatty acids compete with glucose as an oxidative fuel source. Furthermore, in brown adipose tissue there were significant changes in mitochondrial enzymes involved in the Krebs tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and in the respiratory chain in response to the high-fat diet. The brown adipose tissue is an energy-dissipating tissue. Our data suggest that the high-fat diet treated mice were increasing energy expenditure to defend against weight gain.
Augmented Reality meets Non-Fungible Tokens: Insights Towards Preserving Property Rights (2021)

Non-fungible tokens are one of the newest use-cases of blockchain technology. Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)-based blockchains such as Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain (BSC), or Polygon/Matic have standardized this type of tokens using interfaces such as ERC721 and ERC1155. This development fostered a connection between blockchain and Mixed Reality technologies, which can now coexist in cohesive applications. In this paper, we present the opportunities and challenges resulting from using Augmented Reality NFTs, with a particular focus on the preservation of property, whether it is physical or purely digital. We present a methodology that can ensure the protection of privacy and the preservation of intellectual property when transitioning assets from the virtual to the physical world.
Targeted cytoplasmic irradiation induces bystander responses (2004)

The observation of radiation-induced bystander responses, in which cells respond to their neighbors being irradiated, has important implications for understanding mechanisms of radiation action particularly after low-dose exposure. Much of this questions the current dogma of direct DNA damage driving response in irradiated systems. In this study, we have used a charged-particle microbeam to target individual helium ions ((3)He(2+)) to individual cells within a population of radioresistant glioma cells cultured alone or in coculture with primary human fibroblasts. We found that even when a single cell within the glioma population was precisely traversed through its cytoplasm with one (3)He(2+) ion, bystander responses were induced in the neighboring nonirradiated glioma or fibroblasts so that the yield of micronuclei was increased by 36% for the glioma population and 78% for the bystander fibroblast population. Importantly, the yield of bystander-induced micronuclei was independent of whether the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell was targeted. The bystander responses were fully eliminated when the populations were treated with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide or filipin, which scavenge nitric oxide (NO) and disrupt membrane rafts, respectively. By using the probe 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein, it was found that the NO level in the glioma population was increased by 15% after 1 or 10 cytoplasmic traversals, and this NO production was inhibited by filipin. This finding shows that direct DNA damage is not required for switching on of important cell-signaling mechanisms after low-dose irradiation and that, under these conditions, the whole cell should be considered a sensor of radiation exposure.
A Coordination Framework for Software Component Based Development (2006)

Coordination technology addresses the construction of open, flexible systems from software components in distributed environments. Most of the work on coordination technology so far has focused on the development of special coordination languages and environments that provide the basic mechanisms for realizing the coordination layer of a distributed application. Typically each new language proposes its own set of coordination abstractions that realizes a particular paradigm. Coordination problems, however, are not always well-suited to a particular paradigm. Instead of proposing a new language, we are attempting to develop a framework that realizes various useful coordination abstractions. We present our initial analysis of the coordination domain, and give a few examples of simple applications using the developed coordination framework
Roving STARs: an integrated approach to on-line testing, diagnosis, and fault tolerance for FPGAs in adaptive computing systems (2002)

We present an integrated approach to on-line FPGA testing, diagnosis and fault tolerance, to be used in high-reliability and high-availability hardware. The testing and diagnostic process takes place in Self-Testing AReas (STARs) of the FPGA, without disturbing the normal system operation. The entire chip is tested by roving the STARs across the FPGA. Our approach guarantees complete testing of both logic cells and interconnect with maximum diagnostic resolution. Our multi-level fault-tolerant technique allows using partially defective logic and routing resources for normal operation, providing longer mission life in the presence of faults. In addition, our dynamic fault-tolerant method ensures that spare resources are always present in the neighborhood of the located fault, thus simplifying fault-bypassing. Our complete method has been successfully implemented and demonstrated on the ORCA 2CA series FPGAs from Lucent Technologies.
Characterization of defect geometries in multilayer optical coatings (1994)

Laser-induced damage in optical coatings is generally associated with micrometer-scale defects. A simple geometric model for nodule-shaped defects is commonly used to describe defects in optical coatings. No systematic study has been done, however, to prove the applicability of that model to standard optical coating deposition. Some defects are known not to have a classical nodule geometry. The present study uses atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the topography of coatings defects in a HfO<SUB>2</SUB>/SiO<SUB>2</SUB> multilayer mirror system. Focused ion-beam cross-sectioning is then used to study the underlying defect structure. This work develops a model for defect shape such that the overall geometry of a coating defect, particularly seed size and depth, can be inferred from non-destructive evaluation measurements such as AFM. The relative mechanical stabilities of nodular defects can be deduced based on the nodule's geometry. Auger analysis showed that the seed material that causes nodular defects in HfO<SUB>2</SUB>/SiO<SUB>2</SUB> multilayers is a hafnia oxide. Such characterization capabilities are needed for understanding the enhanced susceptibility of particular defects to laser damage and for developing improved techniques for depositing low-defect density coatings.
Active Portfolio-Management based on Error Correction Neural Networks (2001)

This paper deals with a neural network architecture which establishes a portfolio management system similar to the Black / Litterman approach. This allocation scheme distributes funds across various securities or fi-nancial markets while simultaneously complying with specific allocation constraints which meet the requirements of an investor. The portfolio optimization algorithm is modeled by a feedforward neural network. The underlying expected return forecasts are based on error correction neural networks (ECNN), which utilize the last model error as an auxiliary input to evaluate their own misspecification. The portfolio optimization is implemented such that (i.) the allocations comply with investor’s constraints and that (ii.) the risk of the portfo-lio can be controlled. We demonstrate the profitability of our approach by constructing internationally diversified portfolios across different financial markets of the G7 contries. It turns out, that our approach is superior to a preset benchmark portfolio.
Detailed Procedures for the Preparation of Dimethoxycarbenium and Trimethyloxonium Tetrafluoroborate (1991)

A detailed procedure is given for the preparation of very pure dimethoxycarbenium tetrafluoroborate (1) from trimethyl orthoformate by the reaction with diethyl ether-boron trifluoride complex and also for its reaction with dimethyl ether in dichloromethane which gives high purity trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (2) in high yield.
Primary structure of human erythrocyte glycophorin A. Isolation and characterization of peptides and complete amino acid sequence (1978)

Peptides of glycophorin AMN were prepared by cyanogen bromide cleavage and by chymotryptic and tryptic digestion. Cyanogen bromide cleavage produces three fragments which account for the entire polypeptide chain. Trypsin and chymotrypsin cleave completely at several sites, but incompletely at sites within the glycosylated segment of the polypeptide chain. Some of the latter sites become accessible to proteolysis after desialation in addition to exposure of new sites for cleavage. The amino acid sequence of glycophorin AMN has been determined by manual Edman degradation, using both the direct Edman and the dansyl-Edman procedures simultaneously for determination of glycosylated amino acid residues. The automated procedure was used for sequence determination of a hydrophobic peptide. Glycophorin A is a polypeptide chain of 131 amino acid residues and contains 16 oligosaccharide units attached to the amino-terminal third of the molecule. Fifteen oligosaccharides are linked O-glycosidically to either threonine or serine residues and one complex oligosaccharide unit is attached N-glycosidically to an asparagine residue. Amino-terminal sequences are different for glycophorin AM and AN, the two forms of the glycophorin A molecule coded for by genes at the MN locus. The differences in sensitivity to proteases of various sites on glycophorin A seem to be due to heterogeneity in the carbohydrate components and not to differences in the primary structure of the polypeptide chains. This work contains a number of revisions and corrections of earlier preliminary reports [Segrest, J.P., Jackson, R. chem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 49, 964-969; Tomita, M., & Marchesi, V.T. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 2964-2968].
A vegetally localized T-box transcription factor in <i>Xenopus</i> eggs specifies mesoderm and endoderm and is essential for embryonic mesoderm formation (1997)

Pattern formation in early embryogenesis is guided by maternal, localized determinants and by inductive interactions between cells. In Xenopus eggs, localized molecules have been identified and some, such as Vg1 and Xwnt-11, can specify cell fates by functioning as inducers or patterning agents. We have used differential screening to identify new Xenopus genes that regulate mesodermal patterning, and we have isolated a new member of the T-box family of transcription factors. This gene, named Brat, is expressed maternally and its transcripts are localized to the vegetal hemisphere of the egg. During early embryonic cleavage, Brat mRNA becomes partitioned primarily within vegetal cells that are fated to form the endoderm. Zygotic expression of Brat begins at the onset of gastrulation within the presumptive mesoderm of the marginal zone. Consistent with its zygotic expression pattern, Brat induces, in a dose-dependent manner, a full spectrum of mesodermal genes that mark tissues across the dorsal-ventral axis, from the blood through the Spemann organizer. Brat also induces endoderm, consistent with its vegetal localization, making Brat a good candidate for a maternal determinant of the endoderm. We tested whether endogenous Brat is required for mesoderm formation by expressing a dominant-negative, transcriptional repressor form of Brat in embryos. This treatment inhibited mesoderm formation and severely disrupted normal development, thereby establishing that Brat plays a critical role in embryonic mesoderm formation and body patterning.
Irinotecan Treatment for Recurrent Malignant Glioma Using an Every-3-Week Regimen (2002)

This phase II study was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of irinotecan (CPT-11) in the treatment of adults with malignant glioma. Patients with progressive or recurrent malignant gliomas were enrolled. CPT-11 was administered as a 90-minute intravenous infusion at a dose of 300 mg/m(2) once a week every 3 weeks. After 2 treatments, doses were increased to 350 mg/m(2) in those patients without grade III/IV toxicities. Dose modifications were made for toxicities. All 14 patients who enrolled (11 males and 3 females) were treated with CPT-11 and were assessable for survival, response, and toxicity. The majority of patients (86%) had prior surgery. Two patients had a confirmed partial response and 2 patients (14%) had stable disease. Median survival was 24 weeks. Median time to tumor progression was 6 weeks. The primary hematologic toxicity was grade III/IV neutropenia, which was observed in 14% of patients. Infrequent grade III/IV nonhematologic toxicity was observed, possibly because of the concomitant use of anticonvulsants, which may have altered pharmacokinetics. These results suggest that CPT-11 has activity against recurrent malignant glioma using a dosing regimen of 300 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks showing limited toxicity. The concurrent use of anticonvulsant medications may have played a role in altering pharmacokinetics and thus the maximum tolerated dose in this patient population.
High-resolution On-chip Spectrometer with a Tunable Micro-ring Resonator Filter (2016)

A high-resolution on-chip spectrometer is demonstrated with a tunable micro-ring resonator filter by exploiting the thermo-optic effect and high quality factor of micro-ring resonator. A resolution of 0.15 nm and a bandwidth of 19 nm are realized.
In vitro RNA random pools are not structurally diverse: A computational analysis (2005)

In vitro selection of functional RNAs from large random sequence pools has led to the identification of many ligand-binding and catalytic RNAs. However, the structural diversity in random pools is not well understood. Such an understanding is a prerequisite for designing sequence pools to increase the probability of finding complex functional RNA by in vitro selection techniques. Toward this goal, we have generated by computer five random pools of RNA sequences of length up to 100 nt to mimic experiments and characterized the distribution of associated secondary structural motifs using sets of possible RNA tree structures derived from graph theory techniques. Our results show that such random pools heavily favor simple topological structures: For example, linear stem-loop and low-branching motifs are favored rather than complex structures with high-order junctions, as confirmed by known aptamers. Moreover, we quantify the rise of structural complexity with sequence length and report the dominant class of tree motifs (characterized by vertex number) for each pool. These analyses show not only that random pools do not lead to a uniform distribution of possible RNA secondary topologies; they point to avenues for designing pools with specific simple and complex structures in equal abundance in the goal of broadening the range of functional RNAs discovered by in vitro selection. Specifically, the optimal RNA sequence pool length to identify a structure with x stems is 20x.
A Study of Automatic Code Generation (2010)

Automatic code generation is the study of generative programming in the sense that the source code is generated automatically. In this paper, an approach based on component techniques that can produce in a systematic way correct, compatible and efficient database structures and manipulation function modules from abstract models is proposed. In contrast to some conventional software engineering methods, this approach has certain merits of improving software quality and shortening the software development cycle.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Intermediate Filament Nestin (1998)

Using Rat-401 monoclonal antibody and peroxidase immunohistochemistry we have detected IF nestin in developing and adult rat tissues. Although epitope recognized by Rat-401 antibody is relatively resistant to aldehyde f ixation and paraffin embedding, the embedding of tissue samples into polyester wax and microwave antigen retrieval of histological sections enabled us to enhance sensitivity of immunohistochemical detection and to identify cells expressing low levels of nestin. Our findings confirm that nestin is predominantly distributed in developing neural, myogenic and mesenchymal cells, i.e. cell types that have been previously described to express this intermediate filament. Furthermore, we made original findings on identification of nestin expression in additional cell types, e.g. newly formed endothelial cells of extra- and intraembryonic blood vessels, epithelial cells of the developing lens, and cells apposed to hair follicles.
Arrhythmias after tetralogy of fallot repair. (2005)

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease, with a good outcome after total surgical correction. In spite of a low perioperative mortality and a good quality of life, late sudden death remains a significant clinical problem, mainly related to episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Fibro-fatty substitution around infundibular resection, intraventricular septal scar, and patchy myocardial fibrosis, may provide anatomical substrates of abnormal depolarization and repolarization causing reentrant ventricular arrhythmias. Several non-invasive indices based on classical examination such as ECG, signal-averaging ECG, and echocardiography have been proposed to identify patients at high risk of sudden death, with hopeful results. In the last years other more sophisticated invasive and non-invasive tools, such as heart rate variability, electroanatomic mapping and cardiac magnetic resonance added a relevant contribution to risk stratification. Even if each method per se is affected by some limitations, a comprehensive multifactorial clinical and investigative examination can provide an accurate risk evaluation for every patient.
The practical approach to improved oral hygiene. (1988)

It is possible to preserve or restore oral health and to avoid or treat the two plaque diseases, caries and periodontitis. These two diseases are extremely closely correlated with oral hygiene status. The patient's understanding of oral structures and his or her interest in preserving or restoring healthy teeth and gums depends on instruction and motivation. There is, unfortunately, no scientifically based method of reliably motivating every patient. A person's ability to be motivated is substantially moulded by his social position, intelligence, personality and attitude to his body and health. The techniques and methods illustrated are intended to stimulate and activate appropriate attitudes. A standard of oral hygiene that helps to prevent caries and periodontitis can be achieved only by the dental team in dental practice and not by collective measures.
Transport and optical modeling of organic light-emitting diodes (2000)

We present detailed theoretical modeling of organic light-emitting diodes. We incorporate both optical and electrical modeling into one and thus achieve a more comprehensive picture of the device operation. The importance of including the exciton generation and emission rate in a transport model is highlighted and we find that in such devices the charge recombination zone is not necessarily identical to the exciton emission zone. Moreover, both the electrical and optical structure affect the exciton density distribution and thus also the externally measured light.
Biosynthesis of Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>in<i>Rhizobium</i>:<i>In Vitro</i>Synthesis of Pyridoxine from 1-Deoxy-<scp>D</scp>-xylulose and 4-Hydroxy-<scp>L</scp>-threonine (2002)

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) in Rhizobium is synthesized from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose and 4-hydroxy-L-threonine. To define the pathway enzymatically, we established an enzyme reaction system with a crude enzyme solution of R. meliloti IFO14782. The enzyme reaction system required NAD+, NADP+, and ATP as coenzymes, and differed from the E. coli enzyme reaction system comprising PdxA and PdxJ proteins, which requires only NAD+ for formation of pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate and 4-(phosphohydroxy)-L-threonine.
Cleavage of double-stranded DNA by ‘metalloporphyrin-linker oligonucleotide’ molecules: influence of the linker (1995)

Manganese porphyrin-linker-triple-helix-forming oligonucleotide molecules were prepared and their ability to cleave in vitro a double-stranded DNA target present in the HIV-1 genome was studied. The nature of the linker is a determining factor of the cleavage efficiency. Cleavage yields as high as 80% were observed when the linker was a spermine residue and in the absence of a large excess of free spermine known to stabilize triplex structures. The hydrophobic nature of aliphatic diamine linker modified the cleaver-DNA interactions and reduced the efficiency of DNA cleavage.
Multi-taxonomy: Determining Perceived Brand Characteristics from Web Data (2008)

A strong brand is a major asset to any corporation. Traditional brand image and reputation tracking is limited to news wires and contact centers analysis. However, with the emergence of Web, consumer generated media (CGM), such as blogs, news forums, message boards, and web pages/sites, is rapidly transforming the way companies analyze their brand perceptions. This paper describes the next generation COBRA (Corporate Brand and Reputation Analysis) approach to mining a wide range of CGM content to discover how the social media-based community perceives the brand. The solution processes a diverse set of structured and unstructured information and mines CGM content by generating multiple taxonomies from the data. These taxonomies are then used singly and in combination to better understand important brand characteristics and hence enhance marketing and strategic decision making. We illustrate our approach with a real-world case study involving the Kraft Foodspsila Vegemite brand.