gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bicarbonate‐dependent chloride transport drives fluid secretion by the human airway epithelial cell line Calu‐3 (2012)

Anion and fluid secretion are both defective in cystic fibrosis (CF); however, the transport mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) secretion was measured using genetically matched CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-deficient and CFTR-expressing cell lines derived from the human airway epithelial cell line Calu-3. Forskolin stimulated the short-circuit current (I(sc)) across voltage-clamped monolayers, and also increased the equivalent short-circuit current (I(eq)) calculated under open-circuit conditions. I(sc) was equivalent to the HCO(3)(-) net flux measured using the pH-stat technique, whereas I(eq) was the sum of the Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) net fluxes. I(eq) and HCO(3)(-) fluxes were increased by bafilomycin and ZnCl(2), suggesting that some secreted HCO(3)(-) is neutralized by parallel electrogenic H(+) secretion. I(eq) and fluid secretion were dependent on the presence of both Na(+) and HCO(3)(-). The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide abolished forskolin stimulation of I(eq) and HCO(3)(-) secretion, suggesting that HCO(3)(-) transport under these conditions requires catalysed synthesis of carbonic acid. Cl(-) was the predominant anion in secretions under all conditions studied and thus drives most of the fluid transport. Nevertheless, 50-70% of Cl(-) and fluid transport was bumetanide-insensitive, suggesting basolateral Cl(-) loading by a sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1)-independent mechanism. Imposing a transepithelial HCO(3)(-) gradient across basolaterally permeabilized Calu-3 cells sustained a forskolin-stimulated current, which was sensitive to CFTR inhibitors and drastically reduced in CFTR-deficient cells. Net HCO(3)(-) secretion was increased by bilateral Cl(-) removal and therefore did not require apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange. The results suggest a model in which most HCO(3)(-) is recycled basolaterally by exchange with Cl(-), and the resulting HCO(3)(-)-dependent Cl(-) transport provides an osmotic driving force for fluid secretion.
The genus Epipremnum Schott (Araceae-Monsteroideae-Monstereae) in West and Central Malesia (1998)

An account of native and introduced Epipremnum species in West and Central Malesia is presented as a precursor to the forthcoming Flora Malesiana Araceae treatment. Seven species and one cultivar, none new, are recognized. Epipremnum grandifolium is returned to Scindapsus, the genus in which it was originally described and Scindapsus dilaceratus (synonyms Monstera dilacerata, Tornelia dilacerata) ), a long-overlooked synonym of E. pinnatum, is discussed. Related genera and identification pit-falls are highlighted. Dichotomous keys to the genera of tribes Anadendreae and Monstereae and to West and Central Malesian Epipremnum species, a multiaccess key to Epipremnum species in West and Central Malesia and a geographical species-finder list are provided. All names in the review area are accounted for. Five species are illustrated.
Electron Spin Dephasing due to Hyperfine Interactions with a Nuclear Spin Bath (2009)

We investigate pure dephasing decoherence (free induction decay and spin echo) of a spin qubit interacting with a nuclear spin bath. While for infinite magnetic field B the only decoherence mechanism is spectral diffusion due to dipolar flip-flops of nuclear spins, with decreasing B the hyperfine-mediated interactions between the nuclear spins become important. We give a theory of decoherence due to these interactions which takes advantage of their long-range nature. For a thermal uncorrelated bath we show that our theory is applicable down to B approximately 10 mT, allowing for comparison with recent experiments in GaAs quantum dots.
Power MOSFETs with Enhanced Electrical Characteristics (2010)

The integration of high voltage power transistors with control circuitry to form smart Power Integrated Circuits (PIC) has numerous applications in the areas of industrial and consumer electronics. These smart PICs must rely on the availability of high performance power transistors. In this thesis, a vertical U-shaped gate MOSFET (UMOS) and a lateral Extended Drain MOSFET (EDMOS) with enhanced electrical characteristics are proposed, developed and verified via experimental fabrication. The proposed new process and structure offers superior performance, such as low on-resistance, low gate charge and optimized high breakdown voltage. In the vertical power UMOS, a novel trenched Local Oxidation of Silicon (LOCOS) process has been applied to the vertical gate structure to reduce the gate-to-source overlap capacitance (Cgs). A 40% reduction in Cgs is achieved when compared to conventional UMOS. A specific on-resistance Ron, sp = 60m2·mm2 is observed, which is 45% better than that of the conventional UMOS. The improvement in the device’s Figure-of-Merit (FOM = Ron × Qg) is about 58%. A floating RESURF EDMOS (BV=55V, Ron,sp=36.5m2·mm2) with a 400% improvement in the Safe Operating Area (SOA) when compared to the conventional EDMOS structure is also presented. The proposed EDMOS employs both drain and iii source engineering to enhance SOA, not only via reducing the base resistance of the parasitic bipolar transistor, but also suppressing the base current of the parasitic bipolar transistor under high Vgs and high Vds conditions. A buried deep Nwell allows the device to have better trade-off between breakdown voltage and on-resistance. Finally, in order to achieve low gate charge in the EDMOS, a novel orthogonal gate electrode is proposed to reduce the gate-to-drain overlap capacitance (Cgd). The orthogonal gate has both horizontal and vertical sections for gate control. This device is implemented in a 0.18?m 30V HV-CMOS process. Compared to a conventional EDMOS with the same voltage and size, a 75% Cgd reduction is observed. The FOM is improved by 53%.
One-Way Isolation: An Effective Approach for Realizing Safe Execution Environments. (2005)

In this paper, we present an approach for realizing a safe execution environment (SEE) that enables users to &quot;try out&quot; new software (or configuration changes to existing software) without the fear of damaging the system in any manner. A key property of our SEE is that it faithfully reproduces the behavior of applications, as if they were running natively on the underlying host operating system. This is accomplished via one-way isolation: processes running within the SEE are given read-access to the environment provided by the host OS, but their write operations are prevented from escaping outside the SEE. As a result, SEE processes cannot impact the behavior of host OS processes, or the integrity of data on the host OS. Our SEE supports a wide range of tasks, including: study of malicious code, controlled execution of untrusted software, experimentation with software configuration changes, testing of software patches, and so on. It provides a convenient way for users to inspect system changes made within the SEE. If the user does not accept these changes, they can be rolled back at the click of a button. Otherwise, the changes can be &quot;committed&quot; so as to become visible outside the SEE. We provide consistency criteria that ensure semantic consistency of the committed results. We also develop an efficient technique for implementing the commit operation. Our implementation results show that most software, including fairly complex server and client applications, can run successfully within the SEE. The approach introduces low performance overheads, typically below 10%.
Microbial Enzymes with Special Characteristics for Biotechnological Applications (2013)

This article overviews the enzymes produced by microorganisms, which have been extensively studied worldwide for their isolation, purification and characterization of their specific properties. Researchers have isolated specific microorganisms from extreme sources under extreme culture conditions, with the objective that such isolated microbes would possess the capability to bio-synthesize special enzymes. Various Bio-industries require enzymes possessing special characteristics for their applications in processing of substrates and raw materials. The microbial enzymes act as bio-catalysts to perform reactions in bio-processes in an economical and environmentally-friendly way as opposed to the use of chemical catalysts. The special characteristics of enzymes are exploited for their commercial interest and industrial applications, which include: thermotolerance, thermophilic nature, tolerance to a varied range of pH, stability of enzyme activity over a range of temperature and pH, and other harsh reaction conditions. Such enzymes have proven their utility in bio-industries such as food, leather, textiles, animal feed, and in bio-conversions and bio-remediations.
Optimum Power Boosting of Gas Turbine Cycles With Compressor Inlet Air Refrigeration (1997)

A conceptual gas turbine cycle with refrigerated air supplied to the compressor inlet is proposed to increase the cycle specific net power significantly and render it practically insensitive to seasonal temperature fluctuations. It is optimized for maximum power per m3/s and maximum power per kg/s of induced air. These cycle performances are evaluated in a numerical example for two refrigeration cycle efficiencies, based on state-of-the-art isentropic efficiency coefficients of the compressor and turbine. The specific heats of air and products of combustion are treated as temperature-dependent parameters to be determined as integrated mean averages.
COPE: an accurate <i>k</i>-mer-based pair-end reads connection tool to facilitate genome assembly (2012)

twlam@cs.hku.hk or luoruibang@genomics.org.cn
<title>Practical product implementation of an active/passive vibration isolation system</title> (1994)

A hybrid active-passive vibration isolation system is considered for isolating sensitive payloads from seismic level base disturbances and payload induced force disturbances. Stability robustness requirements justify a detailed investigation of system dynamics, highlighting physical consequences of conventional actively enhanced soft mounting. The proposed `hard- mount' strategy provides desired performance and stability robustness, confirmed by theoretical and experimental results.
The Assessment and Use of Linear Static FE Stress Analyses for Durability Calculations (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper considers some aspects of the use of linear elastic FE analysis as a basis for durability calculations. It specifically considers problems that can be treated as quasi-static and describes the use of inertia relief. However, much of the discussion is also applicable to situations that can better be represented as dynamic. It provides guide-lines for FE modelling for durability analyses including the requirements for mesh quality and for load and boundary condition definition. It also describes a novel way of looking at surface stress information, and reviews some of the methods of getting from linear elastic FE stresses and load histories to realistic elastic-plastic stress and strain histories.</div>
An Assessment on the Accuracy of Time-Domain Reflectometry for Measuring Level and Permittivity of Liquids (2006)

In a previous paper, the authors showed that time domain reflectometry (TDR) can be successfully used for an enhanced real-time monitoring of liquids inside tanks: in one shot, determination of levels, dielectric properties and multiple interfaces in layered media are possible, thus opening challenging perspectives for several monitoring applications, especially for industrial and environmental control. For such purposes, a detailed analysis of the accuracy of the proposed measurement method is mandatory. In this paper, a metrological characterization of the method is carried out. Results are proposed, demonstrating the robustness and liability of the TDR technique
Sequential Analysis of Myofibroblast Differentiation and Transforming Growth Factor-β1/Smad Pathway Activation in Murine Pulmonary Fibrosis (2012)

Myofibroblasts play a critical role in tissue fibrosis. However, the intracellular signaling pathways in myofibroblast differentiation are poorly understood. Here, we studied the relationship between transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway activation and myofibroblast differentiation in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In murine bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, nuclear localization of phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) was observed in pulmonary fibrotic lesions 7 days after bleomycin injection, whereas α-smooth muscle actin (ASMA)-positive myofibroblasts appeared in the lesions at 14 days, when the cytoplasmic localization of p-Smad2/3 was observed. We also compared the effects of TGF-β1 on myofibroblast differentiation and on type I collagen expression in a murine lung fibroblast cell line (MLg2908). TGF-β1 induced rapid expression of p-Smad2/3 in nuclei, after which ASMA organization in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts was observed. However, TGF-β1 produced no effect on the quantity of ASMA, either in mRNA levels or protein levels, even after the phosphorylation of Smad2/3. In contrast, TGF-β1 upregulated the expression of type I collagen mRNA. These findings suggest that in pulmonary fibrosis the molecular mechanism of myofibroblast differentiation is complex and that the difference between ASMA expression and type I collagen expression is mediated by the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
An evaluation of nebulized prostacyclin in patients with primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension (1997)

Nebulized prostacyclin appears to be more effective at reducing pulmonary artery pressure in patients with pulmonary hypertension when compared to intravenous prostacyclin and inhaled nitric oxide. This could have important clinical implications for the management of patients with pulmonary hypertensions.
Potent Adenosine A1 and A2A Receptors Antagonists: Recent Developments (2006)

This review summarizes the current tendencies observed in the past 5 years in the development of A(1) and A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists performed in various academia and industry. A(1) and A(2A) AR antagonists are as well xanthines as heteroaromatic derivatives and are most commonly 6:5 fused heteroatomic compounds. Among xanthine-based compounds, some common features could be pointed out. The recent A(1) AR ligands which show good biological profile, possess long alkyl chains in position 1 and 3 as well as bulky C(8)-substituent, while A(2A) AR antagonists with a high A(2A) AR affinity are C(8)-styryl substituted with N(1)-alkyl/alkynyl moiety or fused tricyclic xanthines possessing heteroatom(s) in the third cycle. The research in the field of heteroaromatic A(1) and A(2A) ARs antagonists impressively has a wide range. Ligands are as well non-fused monocyclic substituted compounds as fused bi- and tricyclic derivatives with the nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur heteroatoms. Most often, adenosine A(1) receptor non-xanthine antagonists are adenine-based, having substituted amino group and variable nitrogen atoms positions in the molecules. A(2A) AR ligands show good affinity when furanyl function, which is crucial for binding, is present in the fused bicyclic and tricyclic analogs. Moreover, tricyclic nitrogen containing antagonists in order to be active, frequently possess long-alkylphenyl moiety.
Stereotactic radiotherapy for large vestibular schwannomas: Volume change following single fraction versus hypofractionated approaches. (2020)

Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy is a treatment option for large vestibular schwannomas supported by an increasing evidence. A single institution retrospective review of large (>3.5cc) vestibular schwannomas treated with hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy and single-session radiosurgery was conducted. Using serial follow up scans, a volumetric analysis of tumor volume change over time was performed. Vestibular schwannomas treated with hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy appeared to reduce in volume significantly faster than those treated with single-session radiosurgery. Cystic lesions reduced in volume faster than solid lesions. There was no significant difference in the rates of radiological and symptomatic oedema, nor subsequent dexamethasone requirement between the two treatment modalities.
Clinical Evaluation of the Nelfinavir‐Rifabutin Interaction in Patients with Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2007)

Coadministration of rifabutin and isoniazid without dosage adjustment during twice-weekly tuberculosis therapy with nelfinavir-based antiretroviral therapy resulted in rifabutin exposures within the acceptable ranges for safety and efficacy. Therefore, this combination is an appropriate option for the simultaneous treatment of tuberculosis and HIV infection when tuberculosis therapy is given twice weekly.
Malaria: Host Responses to Infection (1989)

Humoral Immune Responses in Mice and Man to Malarial Parasites. Role of Cell-Mediated Immunity in Resistance to Malaria. Cell-Mediated Immunity and Its Role in Protection. The Role of Macrophages in Resistance to Malaria. Malaria Crisis Forms, Intraerythrocytic Development Derangement. Relationships between Inflammation and Immunopathology of Malaria. Genetic Control of Host Resistance to Malaria. Index.
Scanning Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar with Integrated Radiometer (1981)

Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar systems are severely constrained to a narrow swath by ambiguity limitations. Here a vertically scanned-beam synthetic aperture system (SCANSAR) is proposed as a solution to this problem. The potential length of synthetic aperture must be shared between beam positions, so the along-track resolution is poorer; a direct tradeoff exists between resolution and swath width. The length of the real aperture is independently traded against the number of scanning positions. Design curves and equations are presented for spaceborne SCANSARs for altitudes between 400 and 1400 km and inner angles of incidence between 20° and 40°. When the real antenna is approximately square, it may also be used for a microwave radiometer. The combined radiometer and synthetic-aperture (RADISAR) should be useful for those applications where the poorer resolution of the radiometer is useful for some purposes, but the finer resolution of the radar is needed for others.
Detection of Urban Zones in Satellite Images using Visual Words (2008)

Today, satellite and aerial images are the major source of information for landcover classification. An important usage of remotely sensed data is extracting urban regions to update GIS databases. However, in most cases human resources do not give a sufficient solution to the problem, since it can not entirely process such an enormous amount of remotely sensed data. In addition, most of the automatic methods for urban extraction that exist today are sensitive to atmospheric and radiometric parameters of the acquired image. In this paper we address the problem of urban areas extraction by using a visual representation concept known as "Bag of Words". This method, originally developed for text retrieval approaches, has been successfully applied to scenery image classification tasks. In this paper we introduce the "Bag of Words" approach into analysis of aerial and satellite images. Due to the fact that we implement a normalization process in our method, it is robust to changes in atmospheric conditions during acquisition time. The improved performance of the proposed method is demonstrated on IKONOS images. To assess the robustness of our method, the learning and testing procedures are performed on two different and independent images.
Purification and Characterization of Fet3 Protein, a Yeast Homologue of Ceruloplasmin (1997)

The FET3 gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an essential component of the high affinity iron transport system. Based on FET3 sequence homology to the multicopper oxidase family and iron oxidation studies in spheroplasts (De Silva, D. M., Askwith, C. C., Eide, D., and Kaplan, J. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1098-1101), it was hypothesized that the Fet3 protein (Fet3p) was a cell surface ferroxidase. To further characterize the protein, we have isolated Fet3p from yeast membranes and purified the protein to apparent homogeneity. Consistent with its localization at the plasma membrane, Fet3p is a glycosylated protein. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the protein was present in two differentially glycosylated forms of approximately 120 and 100 kDa. Purified Fet3p is a copper-containing protein that is able to catalyze the oxidation of a variety of organic compounds in addition to ferrous iron. Azide and metal chelators strongly inhibited enzyme activity. Iron appeared to be the best substrate for the enzyme, and the apparent Km for ferrous oxidation was 2 microM. Interestingly, Fet3p was able to effectively catalyze the incorporation of iron onto apotransferrin. We conclude that Fet3p is a ferro-O2-oxidoreductase in yeast, homologous to the human plasma protein ceruloplasmin.
A Computer Vision Technique to Detect Phishing Attacks (2015)

Phishing refers to cybercrime that use social engineering and technical subterfuge techniques to fool online users into revealing sensitive information such as username, password, bank account number or social security number. In this paper, we propose a novel solution to defend zero-day phishing attacks. Our proposed approach is a combination of white list and visual similarity based techniques. We use computer vision technique called SURF detector to extract discriminative key point features from both suspicious and targeted websites. Then they are used for computing similarity degree between the legitimate and suspicious pages. Our proposed solution is efficient, covers a wide range of websites phishing attacks and results in less false positive rate.
Suppression of hepatitis C virus replication by protein kinase C‐related kinase 2 inhibitors that block phosphorylation of viral RNA polymerase (2009)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious threat to human health worldwide. In spite of the continued search for specific and effective anti-HCV therapies, the rapid emergence of drug-resistance variants has been hampering the development of anti-HCV drugs designed to target viral enzymes. Targeting host factors has therefore emerged as an alternative strategy offering the potential to circumvent the ever-present complication of drug resistance. We previously identified protein kinase C-related kinase 2 (PRK2) as a cellular kinase that phosphorylates the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Here, we report the anti-HCV activity of HA1077, also known as fasudil, and Y27632, which blocks HCV RdRp phosphorylation by suppressing PRK2 activation. Treatment of a Huh7 cell line, stably expressing a genotype 1b HCV subgenomic replicon RNA, with 20 microm each of HA1077 and Y27632 reduced the HCV RNA level by 55% and 30%, respectively. A combination of the inhibitors with 100 IU/mL interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) significantly potentiated the anti-HCV drug activities resulting in approximately a 2-log(10) viral RNA reduction. We also found that IFN-alpha does not activate PRK2 as well as its upstream kinase PDK1 in HCV-replicating cells. Furthermore, treatment of HCV-infected cells with 20 microm each of HA1077 and Y27632 reduced the levels of intracellular viral RNA by 70% and 92%, respectively. Taken together, the results identify PRK2 inhibitors as potential antiviral drugs that act by suppressing HCV replication via inhibition of viral RNA polymerase phosphorylation.