gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hormone-refractory prostate cancer: an evolving standard of care. (1999)

The treatment of advanced prostate cancer has evolved rapidly in the last several years. Therapeutic options for patients with advanced disease, once limited to the use of androgen deprivation, have expanded to include a number of interventions, including secondary hormonal manipulations, chemotherapy, and a variety of investigational approaches.
Sex ratio adjustment in relation to paternal attractiveness in a wild bird population. (1996)

When the relative fitness of sons and daughters differs, sex-allocation theory predicts that it would be adaptive for individuals to adjust their investment in different sexes of offspring. Sex ratio adjustment by females in response to the sexual attractiveness of their mate would be an example of this. In vertebrates the existence of this form of sex ratio adjustment is controversial and may be confounded with sex-biased mortality, particularly in sexually size-dimorphic species. Here we use PCR amplification of a conserved W-chromosome-linked gene to show that the sex ratio within broods of a natural population of sexually size-monomorphic collared flycatchers Ficedula albicollis is related to the size of their father's forehead patch, a heritable secondary sexual character implicated in female choice. Experimental manipulations of paternal investment, which influence the size of his character in future breeding attempts, result in corresponding changes in the sex ratio of offspring born to males in those breeding attempts. In contrast, manipulations of maternal investment have no effect on future sex ratios, and there is no relationship between variables predicting the reproductive value of the brood and nestling sex ratio. Analysis of recruitment of offspring reveals similar patterns of sex ratio bias. The results suggest that female collared flycatchers be able to adjust the sex ratio of eggs ovulated in response to the phenotype of their mate. This finding is most consistent with "genetic quality" models of sexual selection.
Regulation of ompC and ompF expression in Escherichia coli in the absence of envZ (1988)

The expression of the genes encoding the major outer membrane porin proteins OmpF and OmpC in Escherichia coli is regulated by ompR, which encodes the transcriptional activator protein OmpR, and envZ, which encodes a receptorlike protein located in the inner membrane. To examine the role of EnvZ in the expression of the osmoregulated porin genes, we analyzed the production of OmpF and OmpC in cells that lack envZ function. We show that EnvZ is required for the maximal production of OmpC in cells grown in minimal medium but is not essential for the efficient induction of OmpC that occurs during a shift to a high-osmolarity medium. In contrast, the production of OmpF in cells that lack envZ function was similar to that of the parent strain, whereas OmpF repression during a shift to a high-osmolarity medium was incomplete in the absence of EnvZ. These results are discussed in the context of the putative role of EnvZ in the expression of ompF and ompC.
Specular x-ray reflectivity studies of microstructure and ordering in self-assembled multilayers (1997)

Specular x-ray reflectivity has been used to probe the structures of self-assembled monolayers and multilayers deposited using a three-step siloxane-based self-assembly technique that is repeated to form periodic multilayers. In films containing up to ten trilayers, it is found that the film thickness increases linearly as a function of the number of trilayers with no observable change in the surface roughness. Bragg peaks corresponding to the inter-trilayer spacing are observed. Both of these results indicate high structural regularity in these self-assembled multilayers. In self-assembled films with different constituent molecular building blocks, substantial and unexpected changes in the film structure occur as a result of subtle changes in the layers.
Group-based management for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks (2010)

In cognitive radio networks, secondary users can opportunistically utilize the unused spectrum holes that are originally licensed to primary users. Therefore, spectrum sensing for seeking unutilized spectrum is a key element to establish cognitive radio network successfully, and cooperative spectrum sensing is a promising way to obtain more trustable sensing results. This paper considers the scenario in which secondary users monitor multiple channels employing cooperative spectrum sensing. Based on the concept of group-based management for spectrum sensing, we propose sensing allocation algorithm in which SUs are allowed to sense the channel which they can monitor reliably. The simulation results show that detection performance is improved in comparison with the conventional scheme.
Using heat to kill bed bugs (2014)

Heat treatment is one of the more effective tools available for treating bed bug infestations.
Oxygen‐independent temperature regulation of the microsomal oleate desaturase (FAD2) activity in developing sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds (2003)

The temperature and oxygen regulation of the microsomal oleate desaturase (FAD2, EC 1.3.1.35) activity has been studied in developing sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seeds. In plants cultivated in growth chambers, the linoleic acid content in the seed lipids increased along the 25/15°C (day/night) cycle, except during the first hours of the warm period, where it decreased significantly. In contrast, FAD2 activity decreased notably at the beginning of the warm period, showing a small and continuous increase during the rest of the cycle. The temperature effect on the linoleic acid content and the FAD2 activity was also investigated using peeled seeds and detached achenes subjected to temperature changes. In peeled seeds, a change of temperature from 10 to 30°C brought about a significant decrease of FAD2 activity. On the contrary, when the temperature shifted from 30 to 10°C, FAD2 activity only increased slightly. Unlike peeled seeds, detached achenes showed a fast and dramatic increase or decrease in the level of FAD2 activity in response to a temperature change from 30 to 10°C, or from 10 to 30°C, respectively. The in vivo and in vitro thermal properties of the FAD2 enzyme were also studied. Optimal temperature and heat‐resistance profile showed similar patterns in both conditions. All these data support the hypothesis that temperature regulates FAD2 activity by two different and independent mechanisms: a direct effect, and an indirect effect affecting oxygen availability. Furthermore, these results suggest that the low thermal stability of the enzyme is the main factor responsible for the direct temperature effect on FAD2 activity.
New histamine and histidine analogs via transformations of the 2-trifluoromethyl group (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew histamine and histidine analogs via transformations of the 2-trifluoromethyl groupHiroshi Kimoto and Louis A. CohenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 19, 3831–3835Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01307a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01307a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distribution and Content of Class 1 Integrons in Different <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O-Serotype Strains Isolated in Thailand (2000)

In this study, 176 clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae strains of different O serotypes isolated in Thailand from 1982 to 1995 were selected and studied for the presence of class 1 integrons, a new group of genetic elements which carry antibiotic resistance genes. Using PCR and DNA sequencing, we found that 44 isolates contained class 1 integrons harboring the aadB, aadA2, blaP1, dfrA1, and dfrA15 gene cassettes, which encode resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, and tobramycin; streptomycin and spectinomycin; beta-lactams; and trimethoprim, respectively. Each cassette array contained only a single antibiotic resistance gene. Although resistance genes in class 1 integrons were found in strains from the same epidemic, as well as in unrelated non-O1, non-O139 strains isolated from children with diarrhea, they were found to encode only some of the antibiotic resistance expressed by the strains. Serotype O139 strains did not contain class 1 integrons. However, the appearance and disappearance of the O139 serotype in the coastal city Samutsakorn in 1992 and 1993 were associated with the emergence of a distinct V. cholerae O1 strain which contained the aadA2 resistance gene cassette. A 150-kb self-transmissible plasmid found in three O1 strains isolated in 1982 contained the aadB gene cassette. Surprisingly, several strains harbored two integrons containing different cassettes. Thus, class 1 integrons containing various resistance gene cassettes are distributed among different V. cholerae O serotypes of mainly clinical origin in Thailand.
Single Subunits of the GABA <sub>A</sub> Receptor Form Ion Channels with Properties of the Native Receptor (1988)

The alpha and beta subunits of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor were expressed individually in Xenopus oocytes by injection of RNA synthesized from their cloned DNAs. GABA-sensitive chloride channels were detected several days after injection with any one of three different alpha RNAs (alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3) or with beta RNA. The channels induced by each of the alpha-subunit RNAs were indistinguishable, they had multiple conductance levels (10, 19, 28, and 42 picosiemens), and their activity was potentiated by pentobarbital and inhibited by picrotoxin. The beta channels usually expressed poorly but showed similar single channel conductance levels (10, 18, 27, and 40 picosiemens), potentiation by pentobarbital and inhibition by picrotoxin. The finding that both alpha and beta subunits, examined separately, form GABA-sensitive ion channels with permeation properties and regulatory sites characteristic of the native receptor suggests that the amino acid sequences that confer these properties are within the homologous domains shared by the subunits.
Evidence of bias and variation in diagnostic accuracy studies (2006)

Shortcomings in study design can affect estimates of diagnostic accuracy, but the magnitude of the effect may vary from one situation to another. Design features and clinical characteristics of patient groups should be carefully considered by researchers when designing new studies and by readers when appraising the results of such studies. Unfortunately, incomplete reporting hampers the evaluation of potential sources of bias in diagnostic accuracy studies.
Reaction pathways for hydrogen desorption from magnesium hydride/hydroxide composites: bulk and interface effects (2009)

This manuscript investigates the thermal desorption behaviour of MgH(2)/Mg(OH)(2) composites by means of thermal desorption spectroscopy. Besides the H(2)O and H(2) desorption events due to Mg(OH)(2) dehydration and MgH(2) decomposition reactions, respectively, two additional H(2) desorption peaks arise at lower temperatures. These peaks are related to solid-state reactions between magnesium hydride and magnesium hydroxide through different channels. The low temperature H(2) peak ( approximately 150 degrees C) is related to reaction between a H atom diffusing from MgH(2) and a surface OH group, whereas the intermediate temperature H(2) peak ( approximately 350 degrees C) is due to an interface reaction between the hydride and the hydroxide. The present work supports the theory that the onset of the H(2) desorption coming from MgH(2) decomposition is controlled by an incubation process, consisting in the formation of catalytically active vacancies at the MgO/Mg(OH)(2) surface by dehydration. Possible ways to improve the H(2) desorption kinetics from MgH(2) are discussed in the light of the results obtained.
Nerve growth factor modulates the expression and secretion of β‐amyloid precursor protein through different mechanisms in PC12 cells (2001)

The beta-amyloid protein, component of the senile plaques found in Alzheimer brains is proteolytically derived from the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), a larger membrane-associated protein that is expressed in both neural and non-neural cells. Overexpression of APP might be one of the mechanisms that more directly contributes to the development of Alzheimer's disease. The APP gene expression is regulated by a number of cellular mediators including nerve growth factor (NGF) and other ligands of tyrosine kinase receptors. We have previously described that NGF increases APP mRNA levels in PC12 cells. However, the molecular mechanisms and the precise signalling pathways that mediate its regulation are not yet well understood. In the present study we present evidence that NGF, and to a lesser extent fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor, stimulate APP promoter activity in PC12 cells. This induction is mediated by DNA sequences located between the nucleotides - 307 and - 15, and involves activation of the Ras-MAP kinase signalling pathway. In contrast, we have also found that NGF-induced secretion of soluble fragments of APP into the culture medium is mediated by a Ras independent mechanism.
An Antenna Sensor for Crack Detection and Monitoring (2011)

A major goal of structural health monitoring (SHM) is crack detection and monitoring. Because cracks are localized defects, quantifying the sizes and locations of the cracks would require placing many sensors over a large area. We present a crack sensor that is suitable for densely distributed sensor network because they can be remotely interrogated and do not need any wiring for data transmission or power supply. A rectangular patch antenna, consisting of a metallic patch on one side of a dielectric substrate and a ground plane on the other side of the substrate, is studied in this paper for crack detection and monitoring. The presence of a crack in the ground plane of the antenna changes its conductivity, which in turn reduces the resonant frequency of the antenna sensor. Experimental results demonstrated that the antenna sensor can monitor crack growth with sub-millimeter spatial resolution. Detailed experimental set-up and measurement results are presented.
PLC type compact variable optical attenuatorfor photonic transport network (1998)

The authors propose a compact non-mechanical variable attenuator based on silica-based planar lightwave circuits (PLC). The fabricated variable attenuator achieves 20 dB attenuation with a polarisation sensitivity of < 1 dB, a wavelength range over 20 nm, and rise and fall times < 400 µs.
Reaction of singlet oxygen with enamino lactones. Conversion of lactones to .alpha.-keto lactones (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of singlet oxygen with enamino lactones. Conversion of lactones to .alpha.-keto lactonesHarry H. Wasserman and Jeffrey L. IvesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 16, 3238–3240Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00410a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00410a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views580Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kalman filter of channel modes in time-varying wireless systems (2006)

In mobile communications the movement of the users makes the propagation channel to be time-varying. Algorithms that track channel variations have to trade between complexity and accuracy. Since the second-order statistic of time-varying channels is stationary, estimation of the channel can be reduced to track a set of r uncorrelated parameters. Based on this decomposition, in this paper we propose to simplify the optimum Kalman filter (KF) by tracking the r channel modes separately and by using the steady-state solution of the KF gain.
Mapping the Human miRNA Interactome by CLASH Reveals Frequent Noncanonical Binding (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in gene regulation, but reliable bioinformatic or experimental identification of their targets remains difficult. To provide an unbiased view of human miRNA targets, we developed a technique for ligation and sequencing of miRNA-target RNA duplexes associated with human AGO1. Here, we report data sets of more than 18,000 high-confidence miRNA-mRNA interactions. The binding of most miRNAs includes the 5' seed region, but around 60% of seed interactions are noncanonical, containing bulged or mismatched nucleotides. Moreover, seed interactions are generally accompanied by specific, nonseed base pairing. 18% of miRNA-mRNA interactions involve the miRNA 3' end, with little evidence for 5' contacts, and some of these were functionally validated. Analyses of miRNA:mRNA base pairing showed that miRNA species systematically differ in their target RNA interactions, and strongly overrepresented motifs were found in the interaction sites of several miRNAs. We speculate that these affect the response of RISC to miRNA-target binding.
Modeling, identification and nonlinear model predictive control of type I diabetic patient (2005)

Patients with type I diabetes nearly always need therapy with insulin. The most desirable treatment would be to mimic the operation of a normal pancreas. In this work a patient affected with this pathology is modeled and identified with a neural network, and a control strategy known as Nonlinear Model Predictive Control is evaluated as an approach to command an insulin pump using the subcutaneous route. A method for dealing with the problems related with the multiple insulin injections simulation and a multilayer neural network identification of the patient model is presented. The controller performance of the proposed strategy is tested under charge and reference disturbances (setpoint). Simulating an initial blood glucose concentration of 250 mg/dl a stable value of 97.0 mg/dl was reached, with a minimum level of 76.1 mg/dl. The results of a simulated 50 g oral glucose tolerance test show a maximum glucose concentration of 142.6 mg/dl with an undershoot of 76.0 mg/dl. According to the simulation results, stable close-loop control is achieved and physiological levels are reached with reasonable delays, avoiding the undesirable low glucose levels. Further studies are needed in order to deal with noise and robustness aspects, issues which are out of the scope of this work.
STUDIES WITH A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THY-1 IN THE LYMPHOID AND EXTRACELLULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUES OF THE DOG (1981)

BALB/c mice were immunized with canine T lymphocytes from lymph node and used in cell fusion experiments to derive monoclonal antibodies to the T lymphocyte surface. The cloned hybrid line F3-20-7 described in this paper was shown to be secreting antibodies directed at canine Thy-1 since (1) the tissue distribution of the antigen corresponded precisely to the tissue distribution expected of canine Thy-1 from previous studies and (2) the antigen purified from F3-20-7 monoclonal antibody affinity columns (a) had the same mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) as pure rat Thy-1 and (b) could inhibit and assay shown previously to be directed at canine Thy-1 on the basis of cross-reactivity with rat Thy-1. Studies with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter showed that all thymocytes and lymph node T lymphocytes of the dog were Thy-1 positive, establishing that Thy-1 is a T cell marker in the dog, as in the mouse, although the presence of a small percentage of Thy-1-positive B cells could not be entirely excluded. In addition, 15% of the nucleated bone marrow cells were Thy-1 positive, which is similar to the finding in rat bone marrow. Localization studies on frozen sections of skin demonstrated large amounts of Thy-1 organized in a highly structured manner around the basal parts of the hair follicles. This covering of Thy-1 was lost as the follicles approached the surface. Epidermal cells were Thy-1 negative. In the kidney, Thy-1 was shown to be strongly associated with all of the basement membranes of the medulla. The kidney cortex, including glomeruli was essentially negative, except for the occasional staining of basement membranes, possibly of collecting ducts.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF INTRAGASTRIC FLOATING MICROBALLONS CONTAINING DICLOFENAC SODIUM (2019)

Floating microballons are prepared to enhance the gastric retention time of incorporated drugs without contact with the mucosa. The objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate floating microballons containing diclofenac sodium using Eudrajit S 100 as polymer. Diclofenac sodium dissolves slowly in the low gastric pH but allows a rapid release of drug in the higher duodenal pH. Shorter half life of drug causes higher frequency of administration. Slow release from stomach in low pH makes the drug suitable to get sustained delivery from floating microballons. Microballons were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion technique. The formulations were evaluated for percentage yield, in vitro buoyancy, entrapment efficiency, drug polymer compatibility (IR study), particle size, scanning electron microscopy and in vitro drug release. The scanning electron microscopy confirmed their hollow structure with porous surface. Results showed that increase in stirring rate and drug: polymer ratio affect percentage yield, particle size, in vitro buoyancy and drug release of microspheres. Formulation F4 having drug: polymer ratio (1:2) exhibited excellent percentage yield(61%), in vitro buoyancy (71%), incorporation efficiency and higher percentage drug release 82.63 % for an extended duration of 8 hrs. The drug release data were fitted to various kinetic models and it was observed that the release mechanism was governed by Higuchi model with Fikian diffusion controlled as per n value of Korsmeyer Peppas Model.