gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aberrant expression of homeobox gene <i>HOXA7</i> is associated with müllerian-like differentiation of epithelial ovarian tumors and the generation of a specific autologous antibody response (2001)

Autologous serum antibodies to molecules that are aberrantly expressed in tumors represent potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancer. In this study, we identified the homeobox gene HOXA7 as encoding an antigen in epithelial tumors of the ovary. These tumors are thought to arise from the simple epithelium lining the ovarian surface, but they often resemble the specialized epithelia derived from the müllerian ducts. Expression of HOXA7 was detected in ovarian tumors exhibiting müllerian-like features and correlated with the generation of anti-HOXA7 antibodies by patients. In contrast, it was observed that healthy women lack anti-HOXA7 antibodies (P < 0.0001) and that HOXA7 expression is absent from normal ovarian surface epithelium. Interestingly, HOXA7 expression was detected in the müllerian-like epithelium lining inclusion cysts in normal ovaries and in the müllerian duct-derived epithelium of normal fallopian tubes. Furthermore, ectopic expression of HOXA7 enhanced the epithelial phenotype of immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cells, as indicated by the appearance of cobblestone morphology, induction of E-cadherin expression, and down-regulation of vimentin. These findings associate aberrant HOXA7 expression with the müllerian-like differentiation of epithelial ovarian tumors and suggest diagnostic utility of serum antibodies to HOXA7.
Turkomatic: automatic, recursive task and workflow design for mechanical turk (2011)

On today's human computation systems, designing tasks and workflows is a difficult and labor-intensive process. Can workers from the crowd be used to help plan workflows? We explore this question with Turkomatic, a new interface to microwork platforms that uses crowd workers to help plan workflows for complex tasks. Turkomatic uses a general-purpose divide-and-conquer algorithm to solve arbitrary natural-language requests posed by end users. The interface includes a novel real-time visual workflow editor that enables requesters to observe and edit workflows while the tasks are being completed. Crowd verification of work and the division of labor among members of the crowd can be handled automatically by Turkomatic, which substantially simplifies the process of using human computation systems. These features enable a novel means of interaction with crowds of online workers to support successful execution of complex work.
Effect of Ametropia on Peripheral Refraction (1981)

Peripheral refraction was measured in 62 eyes along the horizontal meridian from 60 degrees nasally to 60 degrees temporally, using a Topcon refractometer. The amount of astigmatism was found to increase progressively, although less than predicted theoretically, toward the periphery in 91% of the eyes. Dividing the sample into myopes, hyperopes, and near-emmetropes showed that the type of astigmatism differed significantly with each group of eyes and that this factor played a most important role.
High-pressure liquid-chromatographic method for determination of gentamicin in plasma. (1977)

A rapid, specific method for measuring gentamicin in plasma by high-pressure liquid chromatography was developed. After deproteinization, gentamicin in the supernate was dansylated and extracted into ethyl acetate. The organic extract was chromatographed on a microparticulate reversed-phase column, which was eluted with aqueous acetonitrile. Use of the dansyl derivative enables fluorometry, for more sensitive quantitation. Various factors that could affect the assay sensitivity were investigated. With 0.2-ml plasma samples, the method can accurately measure as little as 1 mg of gentamicin per liter. We encountered no interferences from plasma supplemented with various drugs or plasma of patients who were on therapy with other drugs. This method can also separate gentamicin C1 from C1a and C2, all of which are present in various ratios in commercial dosage forms. This method is also applicable to gentamicin determination in urine.
A PCM translation layer for integrated memory and storage management (2014)

Phase change memory (PCM) is known for its potentials as main memory and as storage. In contrast to the past work, this work presents a PCM translation layer that considers how the main memory is used by the operating system together with the usage patterns of storage by trading their performance and reliability. In particular, a joint management scheme is proposed to improve the capability of PCM as both main memory and storage so as to enhance the performance of the entire system. The endurance issue of PCM for main memory is resolved by utilizing the potentially large capacity of the PCM storage space with limited modifications to the existing operating system implementations. Moreover, three commands are proposed to help operating system engineers to take advantage of PCM as main memory and storage by reducing I/O overheads and speeding up both the initialization and termination of program executions. The experimental results show that the performance of PCM as both main memory and storage can be significantly improved with reasonable lifetime, while the system overhead is very limited under coarse-grained wear leveling.
Detection of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by DNA Colony Hybridization (1980)

A method fo detecting large numbers of isolates of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is described in which the genes encoding th enterotoxins are detected, rather than the toxins themselves. Radiolabeled fragments of DNA encoding the heat-labile (LT) or heat-stable (ST) toxins were used as hybridization probes for homologous DNA sequences in E. coli colonies grown and lysed in situ on nitrocellulose filters. The LT probe detected all of 31 E. coli strains producing ST and LT or only LT, while the ST probe detected 12 of 17 strains producing only ST and three of 26 strains producing ST and LT. These results suggest that the LTs produced by different isolates of E. coli are homologous and that human isolates of E. coli produce at least two heterologous STs detectable in the infant mouse assay. The hybridization method also detected the presence of enterotoxigenic E. coli in bacterial growth in directly spotted stools from patients with acute diarrhea.
Selective suppression of stress‐activated protein kinase pathway by protein phosphatase 2C in mammalian cells (1998)

Protein phosphatase 2Calpha (PP2Calpha) or PP2Cbeta-1 expressed in COS7 cells suppressed anisomycin- and NaCl-enhanced phosphorylations of p38 co-expressed in the cells. PP2Calpha or PP2Cbeta-1 expression also suppressed both basal and stress-enhanced phosphorylations of MKK3b and MKK6b, which are upstream protein kinases of p38, and of MKK4, which is one of the major upstream protein kinases of JNK. Basal activity of MKK7, another upstream protein kinase of JNK, was also suppressed by PP2Calpha or PP2Cbeta-1 expression. However, basal as well as serum-activated phosphorylation of MKK1alpha, an upstream protein kinase of ERKs, was not affected by PP2Cbeta or PP2Cbeta-1. A catalytically inactive mutant of PP2Cbeta-1 further enhanced the NaCl-stimulated phosphorylations of MMK3b, MKK4 and MKK6b, suggesting that this mutant PP2Cbeta-1 works as a dominant negative form. These results suggest that PP2C selectively inhibits the SAPK pathways through suppression of MKK3b, MKK4, MKK6b and MKK7 activities in mammalian cells.
Text/Atlas of Histology (1988)

This book provides a fully integrated presentation of illustrative and textual material from Textbook of Histology 5/e accompanied with the wealth of illustrations usually found in a histology atlas, to provide the student with one source for the identification and interpretation of tissue sections.
Inkjet Printing of Quantum Dots in Photopolymer for Use in Additive Manufacturing of Nanocomposites (2013)

Quantum dots (QD) are added to photopolymer inkjet media toward the additive manufacturing of geometrically complex artifacts with unique optical properties. The effects on the rheology and the inkjet printing of the QD on the media are investigated. The figure shows the QD fluorescing within the droplets of the nanocomposites, which were deposited via inkjet printing.
Heart and heart–lung transplantation for idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy in children (2005)

Most children with RCM require transplantation within four years of diagnosis. Referral for transplantation assessment should precede haemodynamic decompensation. Increase of pulmonary vascular resistance is a variable problem but can be modulated with pre-transplantation prostacyclin. With these strategies, orthotopic transplantation is possible in the majority of cases.
Proton radiation therapy for chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the skull base (1999)

High-dose proton RT offers excellent chances of lasting tumor control and survival, with acceptable risks. In this series all small- and medium-sized tumors with no demonstrable brainstem involvement have been controlled; all such patients are alive. Surgical debulking enhanced delivery of full tumoricidal doses, but even patients with large tumors and disease abutting crucial normal structures benefited.
Isofunctional Enzymes PAD1 and UbiX Catalyze Formation of a Novel Cofactor Required by Ferulic Acid Decarboxylase and 4-Hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoic Acid Decarboxylase (2015)

The decarboxylation of antimicrobial aromatic acids such as phenylacrylic acid (cinnamic acid) and ferulic acid by yeast requires two enzymes described as phenylacrylic acid decarboxylase (PAD1) and ferulic acid decarboxylase (FDC). These enzymes are of interest for various biotechnological applications, such as the production of chemical feedstocks from lignin under mild conditions. However, the specific role of each protein in catalyzing the decarboxylation reaction remains unknown. To examine this, we have overexpressed and purified both PAD1 and FDC from E. coli. We demonstrate that PAD1 is a flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-containing protein. However, it does not function as a decarboxylase. Rather, PAD1 catalyzes the formation of a novel, diffusible cofactor required by FDC for decarboxylase activity. Coexpression of FDC and PAD1 results in the production of FDC with high levels cofactor bound. Holo-FDC catalyzes the decarboxylation of phenylacrylic acid, coumaric acid and ferulic acid with apparent kcat ranging from 1.4-4.6 s(-1). The UV-visible and mass spectra of the cofactor indicate that it appears to be a novel, modified form of reduced FMN; however, its instability precluded determination of its structure. The E. coli enzymes UbiX and UbiD are related by sequence to PAD1 and FDC respectively and are involved in the decarboxylation of 4-hydroxy-3-octaprenylbenzoic acid, an intermediate in ubiquinone biosynthesis. We found that endogenous UbiX can also activate FDC. This implies that the same cofactor is required for decarboxylation of 4-hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoic acid by UbiD and suggests a wider role for this cofactor in metabolism.
Comparative genomic hybridization of human malignant gliomas reveals multiple amplification sites and nonrandom chromosomal gains and losses. (1994)

Nine human malignant gliomas (2 astrocytomas grade III and 7 glioblastomas) were analyzed using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). In addition to the amplification of the EGFR gene at 7p12 in 4 of 9 cases, six new amplification sites were mapped to 1q32, 4q12, 7q21.1, 7q21.2-3, 12p, and 22q12. Nonrandom chromosomal gains and losses were identified with overrepresentation of chromosome 7 and underrepresentation of chromosome 10 as the most frequent events (1 of 2 astrocytomas, 7 of 7 glioblastomas). Gain of a part or the whole chromosome 19 and losses of chromosome bands 9pter-23 and 22q13 were detected each in five cases. Loss of chromosome band 17p13 and gain of chromosome 20 were revealed each in three cases. The validity of the CGH data was confirmed using interphase cytogenetics with YAC clones, chromosome painting in tumor metaphase spreads, and DNA fingerprinting. A comparison of CGH data with the results of chromosome banding analyses indicates that metaphase spreads accessible in primary tumor cell cultures may not represent the clones predominant in the tumor tissue.
Depth Profile and Line-Edge Roughness of Low-Molecular-Weight Amorphous Electron Beam Resists (2005)

We have investigated the possibility of using amorphous low-molecular-weight polyphenols as chemically amplified positive-tone electron-beam (EB) resists. Low-molecular-weight polyphenol, 4,4'-methylenebis[2-[di(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-cyclohexylphenyl)]methyl] phenol (3M6C-MBSA) as a base matrix, was protected by 1-ethoxyethyl (EE) groups to control the dissolution rate in aqueous 0.26 N tetramethylammonium hydroxide developer. The film distribution in the depth direction for resist components determined with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectometry (TOF-SIMS) and the Fourier amplitude spectra of line-edge roughness (LER) have been investigated to understand the relationship between them for the resists formulated with 3M6C-MBSA and two photo-acid generators (PAG), triphenylsulfonium perfluoro-1-butanesulfonate (TPS-PFBS) and triphenylsulfonium n -octanesulfonate (TPS-nOS). From these results, it was found that the resist film consisting of TPS-nOS showed more homogeneity in the depth direction of the film than did TPS-PFBS, which showed low surface energy and diffused easily to the resist surface through the matrix during a coating and post-applied bake step. The resist with TPS-nOS indicated a lower LER value of 5.1 nm in the wide frequency range, especially in the lower frequency region below 10 µm -1 . Therefore, the homogeneity of the film is one of important factors for LER control.
On the matching of events in distributed brokering systems (2004)

The Internet is currently being used to support increasingly complex interactions. The entities, with which applications and services need to interact, span a wide spectrum that includes desktops, PDAs, appliances, and other networked resources. Clients - which abstract users, resources and proxies thereto - within these systems communicate with each other through the exchange of events, which are essentially messages with timestamps. We explore matching, routing and network utilization issues in the context of our research prototype NaradaBrokering, which provides support for centralized, distributed and P2P interactions.
New insights into the mechanism of dna replication on unmodified and benzo[a]pyrene modified templates using surface plasmon resonance (2011)

DNA synthesis is critical to cell survival, and the enzyme DNA polymerase has had a great deal of time to evolve efficient strategies to perform synthesis. A variety of effects are induced by the identity of the incoming dNTP, and its ability to effectively base pair with the templating base. The presence of the next correct dNTP is known to induce a conformational change of the polymerase and lead to an increase in KF-DNA binding. Conversely, the presence of an incorrect dNTP is shown to lead to a destabilization and reduction in the levels of KF-DNA complexes formed. Using surface plasmon resonance and an assay that directly examines the impact of the identity of the incoming dNTP on formation of KF-DNA complexes, we present evidence for the formation of a destabilized complex in the presence of incorrectly pairing dNTPs. We present and discuss the implications of a new model for DNA synthesis that involves a dNTP selection cycle. This selection cycle shows how polymerases aid in the removal of mispairing dNTPs from their active sites in an effort to actively seek a correctly pairing template-dNTP for catalysis. Polymerases have evolved to efficiently utilize this method of dNTP selection to speed up dNTP selection. Bulky DNA adducts such as benzo[a]pyrene interfere with replication by forming structures within the polymerase that preclude the productive binding of dNTPs, and/or inhibit this conformational change. Surface plasmon resonance was used to study the effect various dNTPs have upon Klenow fragment binding to several (-)-trans-anti-B[a]P-N2-dG adducted primer-templates. Binding constants were determined for Klenow fragment binding to primer templates containing either a correctly paired C:G-B[a]P, mismatched T:G-B[a]P, or mismatched G:G-B[a]P positioned at the -1 position, in the presence and absence of various dNTPs and rNTPs. The presence of the (-)-trans-anti-B[a]P-N2-dG adduct interferes with the formation of a stable closed ternary complex. Moreover, the addition of any dNTP favoured formation of a destabilized ternary complex that rapidly dissociates to free polymerase and DNA. In addition, Klenow fragment shows tighter binding to a mismatched G:G-B[a]P adducted primer-template than either a correctly base paired C:G-B[a]P or mismatched T:G-B[a]P primer template. The G:G-B[a]P structure also was inhibited from forming the closed ternary complex, yet dissociation rates from this complex were slower than for the correctly base paired C:G-B[a]P or mismatched T:G-B[a]P primer template. This indicates that the conformation adopted by the G:G-B[a]P within the active site of the polymerase is unique to this structure.
Predictable Implementation of Real-Time Applications on Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chip (2008)

Worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis and, in general, the predictability of real-time applications implemented on multiprocessor systems has been addressed only in very restrictive and particular contexts. One important aspect that makes the analysis difficult is the estimation of the system's communication behavior. The traffic on the bus does not solely originate from data transfers due to data dependencies between tasks, but is also affected by memory transfers as result of cache misses. As opposed to the analysis performed for a single processor system, where the cache miss penalty is constant, in a multiprocessor system each cache miss has a variable penalty, depending on the bus contention. This affects the tasks' WCET which, however, is needed in order to perform system scheduling. At the same time, the WCET depends on the system schedule due to the bus interference. In this context, we propose, for the first time, an approach to worst-case execution time analysis and system scheduling for real-time applications implemented on multiprocessor SoC architectures.
Isolation and characterization of acetyl hypofluorite (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and characterization of acetyl hypofluoriteEvan H. Appelman, Marshall H. Mendelsohn, and Hyunyong KimCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 23, 6515–6518Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00309a016Request reuse permissionsArticle Views953Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (554 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recorder chart-to-punched card converter and computer programme for isotopic analysis by mass spectrometry (1966)

Spectra from a thermal ionization mass spectrometer used for isotopic analysis of solids are recorded on a 10 in. pen recorder chart. An inexpensive semi-automatic measuring device has been made for quickly converting this spectrum into peak heights punched on computer cards. A computer programme calculates the isotopic analysis both as the percentage abundances of each isotope and as the ratios of all except one to a predetermined reference isotope. Statistical analysis based on Student's t distribution is provided, with further information of interest to the production of isotopes in electromagnetic separators.
P-Rex1 Promotes Resistance to VEGF/VEGFR-Targeted Therapy in Prostate Cancer (2016)

Autocrine VEGF signaling is critical for sustaining prostate and other cancer stem cells (CSCs), and it is a potential therapeutic target, but we observed that CSCs isolated from prostate tumors are resistant to anti-VEGF (bevacizumab) and anti-VEGFR (sunitinib) therapy. Intriguingly, resistance is mediated by VEGF/neuropilin signaling, which is not inhibited by bevacizumab and sunitinib, and it involves the induction of P-Rex1, a Rac GEF, and consequent Rac1-mediated ERK activation. This induction of P-Rex1 is dependent on Myc. CSCs isolated from the PTEN(pc-/-) transgenic model of prostate cancer exhibit Rac1-dependent resistance to bevacizumab. Rac1 inhibition or P-Rex1 downregulation increases the sensitivity of prostate tumors to bevacizumab. These data reveal that prostate tumors harbor cells with stem cell properties that are resistant to inhibitors of VEGF/VEGFR signaling. Combining the use of available VEGF/VEGFR-targeted therapies with P-Rex1 or Rac1 inhibition should improve the efficacy of these therapies significantly.
Complexity of Translationally Controlled Transcription Factor Sp3 Isoform Expression (2004)

Sp3 is a ubiquitous transcription factor closely related to Sp1. Both proteins contain a highly conserved DNA-binding domain close to the C terminus and two glutamine-rich domains in the N-terminal moiety. Immunoblot analyses of Sp3 reveal a striking complex protein pattern of up to eight distinct species. This pattern is not observed in Sp3-deficient cell lines showing that all signals reflect Sp3 antigen. In this study, we have unraveled the complexity of Sp3 expression. We show that four isoforms of Sp3 that retain different parts of the N terminus are expressed in vivo. The four isoforms derive from alternative translational start sites at positions 1, 37, 856, and 907. An upstream open reading frame located at position -47 to -18 regulates expression of the two long isoforms. Unlike Sp1, none of the Sp3 isoforms is glycosylated. However, all four isoforms become SUMO-modified in vivo and in vitro specifically and exclusively at lysine residue 551. The transcriptional activity of the two long isoforms strongly depends on the promoter settings, whereas the small isoforms appear to be inactive. The transcriptional activity of all the Sp3 isoforms is regulated by SUMO modification. Our results demonstrate that Sp3 has many unique features and is not simply a functional equivalent of Sp1.
Child Abuse (2002)

Risk factors, tell-tale signs and what course of action you should take if you suspect something might be wrong. This month Robert Walker looks at child abuse.