gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First Example of Direct RuO<sub>4</sub>-Catalyzed Oxidation of Isoxazolidines to 3-Isoxazolidones (2007)

RuO2/NaIO4 oxidation of 3-unsubstituted isoxazolidines, under ethyl acetate/water biphasic conditions, affords 3-isoxazolidones in good yields. The methodology can be used on both racemic and optically active isoxazolidines.
Executive Compensation: Taking Long-Term Incentives out of the Corporate Ivory Tower (1985)

Tying long-term incentives to business-unit performance is one way to bring pay and performance into line with each other.
Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. II. Sulfolane<sup>1</sup>--A Weakly Basic Aprotic Solvent of High Dielectric Constant<sup>2</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. II. Sulfolane1--A Weakly Basic Aprotic Solvent of High Dielectric Constant2Edward M. Arnett and Charles F. DoutyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 3, 409–412Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01057a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01057a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views330Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alias Detection in Link Data Sets (2018)

The problem of detecting aliases - multiple text string identifiers corresponding to the same entity - is increasingly important in the domains of biology, intelligence, marketing, and geoinformatics. This report investigates the extent to which probabilistic methods can help. Aliases arise from entities who are trying to hide their identities, from a person with multiple names, or from words which are unintentionally or even intentionally misspelled. While purely orthographic methods (e.g. string similarity) can help solve unintentional spelling cases, many types of alias (including those adopted with malicious intent) can fool these methods. However, if an entity has a changed name in some context, several or all of the set of other entities with which it has relationships can remain stable. Thus, the local social network can be exploited by using the relationships as semantic information. The proposed combined algorithm takes advantage of both orthographic and semantic information to detect aliases. By applying the best combination of both types of information, the combined algorithm outperforms the ones built solely on one type of information or the other. Empirical results on three real world data sets support this claim.
Wet silicon etch process for TSV reveal (2014)

This paper presents a wet process as a simple and cost-effective alternative to the polish/plasma etch TSV reveal process. By combining silicon thickness measurement, wet etch, and cleaning in a single-wafer process system, this platform provides a low cost-of-ownership solution for TSV reveal. The process uses a wet etch chemistry with a fast etch rate and high selectivity, in a single-wafer process tool. The new selective etch chemistry improves the etch rate by 50% or more over traditional Si etchants currently used in the industry, such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). This new etch chemistry also has high silicon-etch selectivity over the oxide liner and Cu, with etch rate (ER) ratios greater than 10,000 and 1000, respectively. TMAH is not a component in the chosen chemistry because of safety concerns specifically related to TMAH toxicity. Variations in the depth of the Si overburden occur due to non-uniformities in post-grind thickness, via depth, and bonding. To compensate, an algorithm is used to control etch profiles. Integration of wafer thickness measurements before and after etching-within the single-wafer equipment-provides the high-accuracy process control needed for high-volume manufacturing. Improvement in surface roughness and etch uniformity are achieved with this wet process through the combination of chemistry performance and process optimization.
Consolidating virtual machines with dynamic bandwidth demand in data centers (2011)

Recent advances in virtualization technology have made it a common practice to consolidate virtual machines(VMs) into a fewer number of servers. An efficient consolidation scheme requires that VMs are packed tightly, yet receive resources commensurate with their demands. However, measurements from production data centers show that the network bandwidth demands of VMs are dynamic, making it difficult to characterize the demands by a fixed value and to apply traditional consolidation schemes. In this work, we formulate the VM consolidation into a Stochastic Bin Packing problem and propose an online packing algorithm by which the number of servers required is within (1+∈)(√2+1) of the optimum for any ∈ >; 0. The result can be improved to within (√2+1) of the optimum in a special case. In addition, we use numerical experiments to evaluate the proposed consolidation algorithm and observe 30% server reduction compared to several benchmark algorithms.
Cannabinoids Inhibit Insulin Receptor Signaling in Pancreatic β-Cells (2011)

These findings provide direct evidence for a functional interaction between CB1R and IR signaling involved in the regulation of β-cell proliferation and will serve as a basis for developing new therapeutic interventions to enhance β-cell function and proliferation in diabetes.
Forgotten suffering (2003)

Service user, Amanda Wells knows only too well how an under-resourced mental health service and over-stretched staff can impact on the care provided. But she also knows what is needed to turn the situation around, and that doesn’t include the govenment’s latest proposals
Delivery of Biologically Active Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines IL-10 and IL-1ra In Vivo by the <i>Shigella</i> Type III Secretion Apparatus (2008)

Pathogenicity of many Gram-negative bacteria relies on a type III secretion (T3S) apparatus, which is used for delivery of bacterial effectors into the host cell cytoplasm allowing the bacteria to manipulate host cell cytoskeleton network as well as to interfere with intracellular signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the potential of the Shigella flexneri T3SA as an in vivo delivery system for biologically active molecules such as cytokines. The anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) were genetically fused to the first 30 or 60 residues of the Shigella T3S effector IpaH9.8 or to the first 50 residues of the Yersinia enterocolitica effector YopE and the recombinant fusion proteins were expressed in S. flexneri. YopE(50)-IL-10, IpaH(60)-IL-10, and IpaH(60)-IL-1ra were efficiently secreted via the T3S apparatus of Shigella. Moreover, these recombinant proteins did not impair the invasive ability of the bacteria in vitro. In a murine model, Shigella strains expressing YopE(50)-IL-10, IpaH(60)-IL-10, and IpaH(60)-IL-1ra induced a lower mortality in mice that was associated with reduced inflammation and a restricted localization of bacteria within the lung tissues as compared with wild-type Shigella. Moreover, the level of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA were reduced in the lungs following infection by IL-10- and IL-1ra-secreting Shigella, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the Shigella T3S apparatus can deliver biologically active cytokines in vivo, thus opening new avenues for the use of attenuated bacteria to deliver proteins for immunomodulation or gene therapy purposes.
Role of local immunosuppression in murine fetoplacental listeriosis. (1987)

Recent evidence suggests that local immunoregulation may prevent rejection of the placenta by the mother. This local immunoregulation may also compromise the response to placental infection. Listeria monocytogenes infection in 121 pregnant mice and 1,050 fetoplacental units was examined and the kinetics of bacterial growth in various maternal and fetal tissues were determined. A subset of pregnant mice developed overwhelming placental listeria infections. Pregnancy did not impair the maternal immune response in the liver and spleen. Pregnant mice without placental infection had numbers of listeria equivalent to nonpregnant controls and mice immunized during pregnancy had significantly less listeria than nonimmunized controls. The secondary response in immunized pregnant mice had no effect on the development of placental infection and the histologic features of placental infection were distinct from those in other organs. Our data suggest that an ineffective local immune response may contribute to the pathogenicity of listeria for the placenta.
Chemically amplified ArF resists based on cleavable alicyclic group and the absorption band shift method (1998)

Recent advances in the single-layer resist for forming finer patterns have led us to a search for new resist materials for the ArF excimer laser. We describe a novel, environmentally friendly, single-layer resist based on a menthyl acrylate copolymer protected with a cleavable alicyclic group and the absorption band shift method.
Extended depth-of-field using sharpness transport across color channels (2009)

In this paper we present an approach to extend the Depth-of-Field (DoF) for cell phone miniature camera by concurrently optimizing optical system and post-capture digital processing techniques. Our lens design seeks to increase the longitudinal chromatic aberration in a desired fashion such that, for a given object distance, at least one color plane of the RGB image contains the in-focus scene information. Typically, red is made sharp for objects at infinity, green for intermediate distances, and blue for close distances. Comparing sharpness across colors gives an estimation of the object distance and therefore allows choosing the right set of digital filters as a function of the object distance. Then, by copying the high frequencies of the sharpest color onto the other colors, we show theoretically and experimentally that it is possible to achieve a sharp image for all the colors within a larger range of DoF. We compare our technique with other approaches that also aim to increase the DoF such as Wavefront coding.
Bitter Homes and Gardens: The Meanings of Home to Families of Divorce (1997)

This article examines parents' and children's perceptions of their housing environments before and after a separation or divorce , as well as the role that the home itself may play in the marriage. Two phases of research were conducted. The first , exploratory research conducted at the Center for the Family in Transition in Corte Madera , California, formed the basis for the second , a study of 58 individuals in two support organizations for children and parents of divorce in St. Louis , Missouri. Survey and interview findings revealed that while the home is rarely the direct cause of divorce , it often exacerbates pre-existing problems in the marriage . Following the divorce , some parents and children still have a strong emotional attachment to the home they inhabited while the marriage was intact. Moving out of this home can take a serious toll on many family members. For some , losing the home can cause severe grief resembling the loss of a loved one. Respondents' perceptions about their post-divorce housing arrangements also are discussed. In sum , the physical housing environment , typically viewed as a mere backdrop to everyday life , may well merit center stage. Based upon these findings , the author offers some theoretical perspectives on understanding the meanings of the broken home , as well as some practical applications for planning, designing , and managing housing to better meet the needs of families of divorce.
Differences in nature of defects between SrBi2Ta2O9 and Bi4Ti3O12 (1999)

X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements were executed to compare the nature of defects in SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) and Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO) films. In the SBT film, it was found that the oxygen ions at the metal–oxygen octahedra were much more stable than those at the Bi2O2 layers. On the other hand, for the BTO film, oxygen vacancies could be induced both at the titanium–oxygen octahedra and at the Bi2O2 layers. We suggested that the difference in stability of the metal–oxygen octahedra should be related to different fatigue behaviors of the SBT and the BTO films.
Wrenchnolol Derivative Optimized for Gene Activation in Cells (2009)

Naturally occurring transcription factors usually have two independent domains, a DNA-binding domain and an activation domain. In designing a synthetic small molecule that mimics a transcription factor, each of the two domains needs to be replaced by small-molecule counterparts. Results of the present study show that derivatives of wrenchnolol, a synthetic molecule that interacts with Sur-2 coactivator, serve as activation modules and stimulate gene transcription in vitro and in cells when tethered to a DNA-binding molecule. Thirteen derivatives of wrenchnolol were chemically synthesized and tested for their ability to activate transcription in vitro and in cells. When tethered to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain, one derivative increased transcription of a GAL4-responsive reporter gene in cells 9-fold. This optimized derivative also induced up to 45% myogenesis of C2C12 cells when tethered to the DNA-binding domain of myogenic transcription factor MyoD. This optimized derivative may serve as a starting point for designing biological tools or components of fully synthetic transcription factors that permit selective up-regulation of genes.
Transmission power allocation in turbo codes (2002)

We consider allocating different powers on systematic bits and parity bits at turbo encoder outputs with total transmission power fixed. We investigate how the transmission power has to be allocated in terms of E/sub b//N/sub 0/ and the number of iterations, and examine the power gain provided by allocating the transmission power properly.
Antitumor activity and toxicity of serum protein-bound platinum formed from cisplatin. (1985)

When cisplatin was incubated with mouse serum, its cytotoxicity towards P388 leukemia cells decreased with the formation of non-ultrafiltrable or protein-bound platinum. The cytotoxicity of prepared mouse serum protein-bound platinum at 100 microgram/ml (as the cisplatin-equivalent concentration) was less than that of cisplatin at 0.125 microgram/ml. The prepared protein-bound platinum exhibited antitumor activity against colon adenocarcinoma 26 in mice, when administered iv daily for 9 consecutive days at 32 and 64 mg/kg (as the cisplatin-equivalent dose). Cisplatin similarly administered exhibited antitumor activity at daily doses of only 1 and 2 mg/kg. Administration of the protein-bound platinum at such high doses as 32 and 64 mg/kg (as the cisplatin-equivalent dose) caused elevation of serum BUN and reduction of bone marrow cells in mice. After iv administration of cisplatin to mice at 6 mg/kg, ultrafiltrable platinum was detected in the plasma for the first 30 min. Thereafter platinum was found only in protein-bound form. When mice were iv inoculated with colon adenocarcinoma 26 more than 30 min after cisplatin administration, no prolongation of the life span was observed. From these results, it is concluded that mouse serum protein-bound platinum does not contribute significantly to cisplatin antitumor activity and toxicity in mice.
Experienced travel time prediction for freeway systems (2012)

Travel time is considered as one of the most important performance measures for roadway systems, and dissemination of travel time information can help travelers to make reliable travel decisions such as route choice or time departure. Since the traffic data collected in real time reflects the past or the current conditions on the roadway, a predictive travel time methodology should be used to obtain the information to be disseminated. However, an important part of the literature either uses instantaneous travel time assumption, and sums the travel time of roadway segments at the starting time of the trip, or uses statistical forecasting algorithms to predict the future travel time. This study benefits from the available traffic flow essentials (e.g. shockwave analysis, bottleneck identification), and makes use of both historical and real time traffic information to provide travel time prediction. The experimental results based on the loop detector data on Californian freeways indicate that the proposed method provides promising travel time predictions under varying traffic conditions.
A phase I study to evaluate safety and antitumor activity of biweekly BMS-936558 (Anti-PD-1, MDX-1106/ONO-4538) in patients with RCC and other advanced refractory malignancies. (2011)

331 Background: Programmed death-1 (PD-1), a T-cell inhibitory receptor, may suppress antitumor immunity. BMS-936558, a fully human PD-1 blocking antibody, has shown antitumor activity and manageable toxicity after biweekly dosing (Sznol, ASCO 2010, #2506). This report provides an update on safety and antitumor activity with special emphasis on RCC. Methods: An open-label phase I dose escalation study of BMS-936558 was conducted in patients (pts) with treatment refractory metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), melanoma (MEL), non-small cell lung cancer, or colorectal cancer (CRC). Dose escalation continued to 10 mg/kg when an expansion cohort for pts (16) with each tumor type was opened for additional safety and efficacy information. Tumor response (RECIST) was evaluated every 8 weeks. Clinically stable pts with early PD could continue until further PD or clinical deterioration. Results: 126 pts (18 RCC) were treated with 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg. MTD was not reached. Across all doses, the most common AEs (Any/grade 3-4) were fatigue (45.2%/6.3%) and diarrhea (30.2%/0.8%) while the most common drug-related AEs (Any/grade 3-4) were fatigue (20.6%/0.8%), rash (11.9%/0%), pruritus (11.3%/0%), and diarrhea (10.3%/0.8%). There was no apparent relationship between dose and frequency of AEs. One pt died with sepsis while being treated for drug-related grade 4 pneumonitis. The median number of prior treatment regimens in the RCC cohort was 2 (range 1-6). Of the 18 RCC pts, 16 were treated with 10 mg/kg. The median duration of treatment was 7.6+mo. ORR was 5/16 (31.2%) and SD>4mo was 6/16 (37.5%). The median duration of response was 4.0+ mo (3.7-7.4+ mo). Of the 2 RCC pts treated with 1 mg/kg, 1 obtained a CR (12+ mo) and 1 had SD (21+ mo). For evaluable CRPC pts, 1/15 pts (6.7%) obtained a PR (2+ mo) and 3/15 (20%) had SD>4mo. Conclusions: BMS-936558 administered biweekly is tolerable and has encouraging antitumor activity in a previously treated patients with RCC. Data on baseline characteristics, long-term toxicity and response duration will be updated at the meeting. [Table: see text]
[Modulation of integrin alpha-v-beta-1 expression on human tumor cells by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and oncostatin M (OSM)]. (1996)

Integrins belong to a large family of heterodimeric membrane glycoproteins which mediate cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix interactions. These interactions could play a major role during the migration of tumor cells across the extracellular matrix and vascular endothelium and would thus appear to be a requisite for the metastatic process. Treatment of the Foss human melanoma cell line with LIF or OSM, two cytokines involved in acute-phase response, increased the expression of membrane alpha v beta 1 by 1.5-2 fold. The same phenomenon was observed on the SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cell line. This modulation, which was inhibited by specific monoclonal antibodies against alpha v or beta 1 integrin subunits, was concomitant with improved tumor cell attachment to the fibronectin matrix. Similar results were obtained after TNF-alpha treatment. Our findings demonstrate the ability of LIF and OSM to modulate tumor cell capacity to adhere to the matrix component, suggesting a potential role for these cytokines in modulation of tumoral progression.
Retrieval studies on calcium phosphate-coated implants. (1994)

The search for the improvement of implant fixation in bone resulted several years ago in the introduction of calcium phosphate coatings on orthopaedic (and dental) implants. Since then many animal experiments, especially on hydroxylapatite coatings, have been performed. By now the first promising results from clinical studies are also available. In this review, the plasma-spray process is described and some of the current techniques for the analysis of retrieved implants are discussed. It is now widely understood that the calcium phosphate hydroxylapatite is osteoconductive. Various experimental animal studies revealed the capability of calcium phosphate coatings to enhance implant fixation, especially under specific or less optimal conditions such as a with a porous implant, loose fit, micromotion or experimental arthritis. Clinical studies, including the analysis of retrieved hydroxylapatite coated hip implants, confirmed these promising results and as a consequence, hydroxylapatite coated total joint prostheses are now used on a large scale. Two questions that are closely related with each other are very actual, e.g. the strength of the coating-substrate interface and how stable or crystalline should hydroxylapatite coatings be for a proper clinical function? There does not yet seem to be a consistent answer to these questions.
Oat lipids (1999)

Abstract Oats are a significant world crop. While nutritional interest in food oats has concentrated on oats as a source of dietary fiber, the lipid component has both nutritional and technological potential. Thus, the lipid fraction of the oat grain determines in large measure its energy content and has a significant impact on nutritional quality. The oat lipids mediate the pasting properties of oat starch and hence influence functionality. Lipids are also implicated in the flavor/off‐flavor attributes of oats. These aspects of oat lipids are reviewed together with analytical methods for assessing the lipid content of oats.
Kardiovaskulární riziko u diabetiků a diabetiček (2015)

Kardiovaskularni (KV) onemocněni, zejmena infarkt myokardu a akutni cevni mozkova přihoda, jsou celosvětově hlavni přicinou mortality. 
Dle Světove zdravotnicke organizace (WHO) každý rok na KV onemocněni umira přibližně 17 milionů obyvatel. Výsledky populacnich 
studii u nemocných s diabetem nam ukazuji asymetrii rizika KV onemocněni u žen v porovnani s muži, žena s onemocněnim diabetem 
ztraci svůj dosud přiznivý KV profil. Mechanizmy spojujici prediabetes a diabetes s KV onemocněnimi byly v minulosti podrobně zkoumany. 
Inzulinova rezistence a postprandialni glykemie (PPG) jsou primarně zodpovědne za akceleraci aterosklerozy u pacientů s diabetem 
2. typu. Inkretinova antidiabetika jsou novou skupinou antidiabetik – zahrnuji agonisty GLP-1 receptoru (GLP-1 RA) a inhibitory 
dipeptidylpeptidazy-4 (i-DPP4). Lecba inkretiny obnovuje narusený „inkretinový efekt“ u diabetu 2. typu. Lecba novým prandialnim 
agonistou GLP-1 receptoru (lixisenatidem) s nizkým rizikem hypoglykemie a těsnou kontrolou postprandialni glykemie (PPG) by mohla 
být spojovacim clankem mezi efektivni lecbou diabetu 2. typu a redukci rizika vzniku KV onemocněni.