gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Aromatic Compounds for Growth and Isolation of <i>Zoogloea</i> (1972)

Nine Zoogloea strains, were examined for their ability to utilize 35 aromatic compounds. Benzoate, m-toluate, and p-toluate, as well as phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, and p-cresol, were utilized by eight strains. These strains exhibited meta cleavage of catechol and of methyl-substituted catechols. With the exception of L-tyrosine, none of the aromatic compounds tested supported growth of Z. ramigera ATCC 19623. A medium containing sodium m-toluate was used to isolate 37 zoogloea-forming bacteria from various polluted environments. The isolates were identified as strains of Zoogloea.
Multiferroics (2010)

In the previous chapter we mentioned the current interest in combining magnetic behavior with additional desirable properties, and looked at the examples of semiconducting transport and robust insulation. In this chapter we continue this philosophy with a discussion of the so-called multiferroics, which combine magnetic ordering with other kinds of ferroic ordering – ferroelectricity, ferroelasticity, and ferrotoroidicity. We will focus in particular on the combination of magnetism and ferroelectricity, which is appealing because of its potential for magnetoelectric response, that is, the control and tuning of magnetism using electric fields, and vice versa.
Advanced Chemical Reduction of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Photocatalytic Activity in Degrading Reactive Black 5 (2015)

Textile industries consume large volumes of water for dye processing, leading to undesirable toxic dyes in water bodies. Dyestuffs are harmful to human health and aquatic life, and such illnesses as cholera, dysentery, hepatitis A, and hinder the photosynthetic activity of aquatic plants. To overcome this environmental problem, the advanced oxidation process is a promising technique to mineralize a wide range of dyes in water systems. In this work, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared via an advanced chemical reduction route, and its photocatalytic activity was tested by photodegrading Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye in aqueous solution. rGO was synthesized by dispersing the graphite oxide into the water to form a graphene oxide (GO) solution followed by the addition of hydrazine. Graphite oxide was prepared using a modified Hummers' method by using potassium permanganate and concentrated sulphuric acid. The resulted rGO nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to further investigate their chemical properties. A characteristic peak of rGO-48 h (275 cm<sup>-1</sup>) was observed in the UV spectrum. Further, the appearance of a broad peak (002), centred at 2θ = 24.1°, in XRD showing that graphene oxide was reduced to rGO. Based on our results, it was found that the resulted rGO-48 h nanoparticles achieved 49% photodecolorization of RB5 under UV irradiation at pH 3 in 60 min. This was attributed to the high and efficient electron transport behaviors of rGO between aromatic regions of rGO and RB5 molecules.
A New Bioinspired Perchlorate Reduction Catalyst with Significantly Enhanced Stability via Rational Tuning of Rhenium Coordination Chemistry and Heterogeneous Reaction Pathway (2016)

Rapid reduction of aqueous ClO4(-) to Cl(-) by H2 has been realized by a heterogeneous Re(hoz)2-Pd/C catalyst integrating Re(O)(hoz)2Cl complex (hoz = oxazolinyl-phenolato bidentate ligand) and Pd nanoparticles on carbon support, but ClOx(-) intermediates formed during reactions with concentrated ClO4(-) promote irreversible Re complex decomposition and catalyst deactivation. The original catalyst design mimics the microbial ClO4(-) reductase, which integrates Mo(MGD)2 complex (MGD = molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide) for oxygen atom transfer (OAT). Perchlorate-reducing microorganisms employ a separate enzyme, chlorite dismutase, to prevent accumulation of the destructive ClO2(-) intermediate. The structural intricacy of MGD ligand and the two-enzyme mechanism for microbial ClO4(-) reduction inspired us to improve catalyst stability by rationally tuning Re ligand structure and adding a ClOx(-) scavenger. Two new Re complexes, Re(O)(htz)2Cl and Re(O)(hoz)(htz)Cl (htz = thiazolinyl-phenolato bidentate ligand), significantly mitigate Re complex decomposition by slightly lowering the OAT activity when immobilized in Pd/C. Further stability enhancement is then obtained by switching the nanoparticles from Pd to Rh, which exhibits high reactivity with ClOx(-) intermediates and thus prevents their deactivating reaction with the Re complex. Compared to Re(hoz)2-Pd/C, the new Re(hoz)(htz)-Rh/C catalyst exhibits similar ClO4(-) reduction activity but superior stability, evidenced by a decrease of Re leaching from 37% to 0.25% and stability of surface Re speciation following the treatment of a concentrated "challenge" solution containing 1000 ppm of ClO4(-). This work demonstrates the pivotal roles of coordination chemistry control and tuning of individual catalyst components for achieving both high activity and stability in environmental catalyst applications.
十个Windows XP注册表大修改自力更生，使您新的系统性能和安全性得到提高 (2002)

使用Windows XP也几个月了,我逐渐发现了一些可以通过修改注册表来改进Windows XP性能的方法.在处理一些平常的事务中,懂得修改注册表不至于使人捉襟见肘.按照惯例,请一定在修改前备份你的注册表,因为弄不好一个错误的改动就足以把你的系统给交代了.如果你在某些路径下找不到以下键值,就必须通过创建新值来达到修改的目的.以下键值的改动除非特别说明,键值类型默认将是DWORD值.
Size distribution and seasonal variations of particle-associated organochlorine pesticides in Jinan, China (2011)

The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in atmospheric particulate matter in Jinan, China, over the period from July 2009 to June 2010, were determined to study their pollution levels, compositions, size distribution and seasonal variations. All target compounds except endosulfan sulfate were detected. The annual average concentration of ∑18 OCPs was 92 ± 82 pg m(-3). Total HCH, total endrin, aldrin, endosulfan compounds and total DDT compounds were the primary components, accounting for approximately 27%, 20%, 16%, 14% and 10% of total OCPs, respectively. The annual mean ng g(-1) concentrations of ∑18 OCPs in PM(2.5), PM(5), PM(10) and TSP were 481 ± 190, 433 ± 161, 414 ± 158 and 264 ± 193, respectively, indicating that most OCPs tend to be strongly absorbed by fine air particles which were strongly related to a potential health risk. Distinct seasonal trends were found in OCPs concentrations with high concentrations appearing in November and March whereas low concentrations appeared in the summer, which were significantly positively correlated with particulate mass concentrations and Air Pollution Index (API). The high OCPs levels could be attributed to the seasonal usage, long-range atmospheric transport as well as adverse meteorological conditions.
Separation of large denatured peptides by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Trifluoroacetic acid as a peptide solvent. (1980)

A method employing reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography has been developed for the purification of large denatured peptides. The cyanogen bromide fragments of hemoglobin alpha, beta, and gamma chains (13 to 91 residues in length) could be separated and recovered in 71 to 95% yields using LiChrosorb C-8 columns and a binary solvent system consisting of 0.013 M trifluoroacetic acid in water and a limiting organic solvent. This procedure permits the nondestructive detection of peptides at low wavelength (210 nm) on as little as 50 ng of sample. The peptides are recovered directly by evaporation or lyophilization. An elutropic solvent series for the separation of large and small peptides on reverse phase supports is also described.
Protection against Impact with the Ground Using Wearable Airbags (2008)

Incidental falls from heights, falls on the same level caused by slipping or tripping, and falls from wheelchair overturns are commonplace phenomena, associated with serious injuries from impact with the ground. A wearable airbag device is a countermeasure applicable to all these types of incidents. Three types of wearable airbag systems were developed and evaluated: for protection against falls from heights (Type-1), against wheelchair overturns (Type-2), and against falls on the same level (Type-3). The systems consist of an airbag, sensor, inflator, and jacket. The sensor detects the fall and the airbag inflates to protect the user. Fall tests using dummies with/without the airbags demonstrated the effectiveness of these devices. In the experiments with system Type-1, for fall heights of less than 2m, the airbags reduced the impact acceleration, and the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) values were under 1,000, the auto-crash test requirement. However, there are limits to the amount of protection afforded: in Type-1, the airbag can protect only the back of the head.; in Types-2 and 3, the fall height of the center of gravity is lower than 2m, and there is some margin of extra protective resource, which can be used to extend the protected area.
Condensed Tannins: Reactions of Model Compounds with Furfuryl Alcohol and Furfuraldehyde (1985)

Abstract Reaction products of phloroglucinol or catechin with furfuryl alcohol and furfuraldehyde were studied. In reactions of furfuryl alcohol with phloroglucinol, only 2-furyl-1′,3′,5′-trihydroxyphenyl) methane was obtained as product, and 53% of the phloroglucinol was recovered. Reactions of furfuryl alcohol with catechin gave 2-furyl-(8-catechinyl) methane and 2-furyl-(6-catechinyl) methane in 4.0% and 1.5% yields, respectively, while 62% of the catechin was unreacted. Polymeric furans with few catechin moieties made up the oligomeric products (38% of catechin). Reaction of phloroglucinol with furfuraldehyde gave 2-furyl-di(1′,3′,5′-trihydroxyphenyl) methane, an unstable product that readily polymerized during isolation. The solid state 13C-NMR spectrum of the higher polymers suggested one phloroglucinol moiety per furan unit, but lower oligomers contained more furan-furan condensation products. Reactions of catechin with furfuraldehyde gave 2-furyl-di(8-cate-chinyl) methane and the two diastereomers of 2-furyl-(6-catechinyl)-(8-catechinyl) methane in low yield, with 65% of the catechin unreacted.
A study of the sympathetic nervous system in bronchial asthma (2012)

Objective: To test sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system and observe any dysfunction in patients of bronchial asthma. Materials and Methods: Fifty four patients, 18 males, 36 females, and 30 healthy control subjects attending Respiratory Medicine out-patient department Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal were included in the study. Age ranging from 15 to 60 years were recruited for the study. Spirometry values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) recorded by using HELIOS 702 (Recorders and Medicare System, Chandigarh). Predicted values were taken as values for normal subjects. Sympathetic nervous system tested by measuring diastolic blood pressure response to sustained hand-grip for 2 min and from supine to standing for 3 min. Results: FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEF25-75% were significantly lower in asthmatics as compared to controls. Diastolic blood pressure response to sustained hand-grip for 2 min and from supine to standing for 3 min was higher in asthmatics as compared to controls. Conclusion: Sympathetic nervous function assessment of the patients shows that sympathetic abnormalities occur in patients of bronchial asthma.
Identification and characterization of "zinc-finger" domains by the polymerase chain reaction. (1991)

We have developed a method for amplifying DNA fragments containing tandem arrays of "zinc-finger" sequences of the transcription factor IIIA (Cys2-His2) type by using the polymerase chain reaction. Because these sequences occur as tandem arrays, a ladder of bands is produced upon amplification using primers derived from the amino- and carboxyl-terminal sequences of a zinc-finger domain. The "rungs" of this ladder correspond to DNA fragments encoding one zinc-finger domain, two adjacent zinc-finger domains, and so on. This is demonstrated by isolating individual bands corresponding to n zinc-finger domains and reamplifying them with the same primers. This yields a band of the original size as well as bands corresponding to 1 through (n - 1) zinc-finger domains. Direct evidence that these bands encode zinc-finger domains was obtained by cloning and sequencing a collection of the amplification products. Due to the lack of redundancy in the sequences obtained, we conclude that each band corresponds to a large number of unique zinc-finger-encoding sequences. The results from amplification reaction mixtures using genomic DNA from a variety of sources as template provide further evidence that zinc-finger domains occur widely and frequently in eukaryotic genomes. We believe that this method is a powerful technique for the isolation and characterization of zinc-finger-encoding genes.
Changes of Plasma Free Amino Acids and Renal Clearances of Carnitines in Premature Infants During L-Carnitine-Supplemented Human Milk Feeding (1988)

Eighteen breast-fed infants with a mean post-natal age of 26 days (range 16-41 days) were studied. Following 1 control day, the infants were fed for 7 consecutive days with pooled human milk supplemented with 300 nmol L-carnitine/ml milk. Both plasma fractions of acid-soluble carnitines increased as a consequence of carnitine application. The level of beta-hydroxybutyrate also increased significantly. Of the circulating free amino acids, the levels of alanine (p less than 0.025) and glutamine (p less than 0.01) were found to be lower, with a decreased urea level (p less than 0.005) by the last day of carnitine administration, compared with the control day. The urinary output of total nitrogen also decreased. There were no statistically significant changes in the level of free fatty acids and glucose. On the control day, the renal clearance rate of esterified carnitines significantly exceeded that of free fraction, thus the relative renal reabsorption calculated on the base of creatinine excretion rates was higher for free (mean 98.1%) than for acylated (mean 90.6%) carnitine. In response to enhanced carnitine intake, the clearance rates for each fractions of carnitines significantly exceeded the presupplementary values. The increased clearance rates was more pronounced for free (mean 13.2-fold) than for esterified (mean 8.08-fold) carnitines. Despite the increased clearance rates, considerable relative reabsorption was seen for free carnitines (mean 70.0%) as well as for acylcarnitines (mean 65.3%).
Hemorrhagic cerebral infarct and ulcerative colitis. A case report. (1991)

We report the occurrence of a cerebral ischemic infarct in a young normotensive woman suffering from ulcerative colitis. One week later, clinical neurological deterioration corresponded with hemorrhagic transformation of the previously ischemic region and white matter edema. Extensive laboratory investigation excluded other possible causes for stroke mechanism and rather supported a cerebral vasculitic process, while significant improvement both on neurological and bowel function was observed under prednisone therapy. This report provides some additional support to the possible association between ulcerative colitis and cerebrovascular complications.
Prediction of the overall enthalpy of CO2 absorption in aqueous amine systems from experimentally determined reaction enthalpies (2011)

The enthalpy of CO2 absorption into a selection of different amine systems has been calculated, based on the measured enthalpy values and calculated CO2 dissolution values. The results are in good agreement with measured values as reported in the literature. Individual reaction contributions to the enthalpy of absorption have been calculated for 30 mass % MEA and 30 mass % MDEA, yielding information that is essential to the efficient and effective development of improved amine systems for CO2 capture.
Learning attack strategies from intrusion alerts (2003)

Understanding strategies of attacks is crucial for security applications such as computer and network forensics, intrusion response, and prevention of future attacks. This paper presents techniques to automatically learn attack strategies from correlated intrusion alerts. Central to these techniques is a model that represents an attack strategy as a graph of attacks with constraints on the attack attributes and the temporal order among these attacks. To learn the intrusion strategy is then to extract such a graph from a sequences of intrusion alerts. To further facilitate the analysis of attack strategies, which is essential to many security applications such as computer and network forensics, this paper presents techniques to measure the similarity between attack strategies. The basic idea is to reduces the similarity measurement of attack strategies into error-tolerant graph/subgraph isomorphism problem, and measures the similarity between attack strategies in terms of the cost to transform one strategy into another. Finally, this paper presents some experimental results, which demonstrate the potential of the proposed techniques.
Enzymes of the Tryptophan Pathway in Three <i>Bacillus</i> Species (1973)

The tryptophan synthetic pathway was characterized in three species of Bacillus, B. subtilis, B. pumilus, and B. alvei. They share the common features of a pathway which is subject to tryptophan repression, contains no unexpected complexes among the five enzymes, exhibits dissociable anthranilate synthase enzymes which do not require phosphoribosyl transferase for amidetransfer activity, contains separate indoleglycerol phosphate synthase and phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase enzymes, and contains similar tryptophan synthetase multimers. In looking at these characteristics in detail however, differences among the three species became apparent, as, for example, in the complementation observed between the alpha and beta(2) components of tryptophan synthetase, and the dissociation patterns of the large and small components of anthranilate synthase. The results demonstrate some pitfalls in attempting to compare multimeric enzymes in crude extracts from different organisms.
The DNA binding properties of the MutL protein isolated from<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

The mutL gene of Escherichia coli , which is involved in the repair of mispaired and unpaired nucleotides in DNA, has been independently cloned and the gene product purified. In addition to restoring methyl-directed DNA repair in extracts prepared from mutL strains, the purified MutL protein binds to both double and single stranded DNA. The affinity constant of MutL for unmethylated single stranded DNA was twice that of its affinity constant for methylated single stranded DNA and methylated or unmethylated double stranded DNA. The binding of MutL to double stranded DNA was not affected by the pattern of DNA methylation or the presence of a MutHLS-repairable lesion.
In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells: Enrichment of Endodermal Cells in the Embryoid Body (2005)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers, providing new perspectives not only for embryonic development but also for the application in cell replacement therapies. Even though the formation of an embryoid body (EB) in a suspension culture has been the most popular method to differentiate ES cells into a wide range of cells, not much is known about the characteristics of EB cells. To this end, we investigated the process of EB formation in the suspension culture of ES cells at weekly intervals for up to 6 weeks. We observed that the central apoptotic area is most active in the first week of EB formation and that the cell adhesion molecules, except beta-catenin, are highly expressed throughout the examination period. The sequential expression of endodermal genes in EBs during the 6-week culture correlated closely with that of normal embryo development. The outer surface of EBs stained positive for alpha-fetoprotein and GATA-4. When isolated from the 2-week-old EB by trypsin treatment, these endodermal lineage cells matured in vitro into hepatocytes upon stimulation with various hepatotrophic factors. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that endodermal cells can be retrieved from EBs and matured into specific cell types, opening new therapeutic usage of these in vitro differentiated cells in the cell replacement therapy of various diseases.
On the experimental distinction between ssbs and dsbs in circular DNA (1998)

The minimal distance obtained in the present study agrees with the smaller values of previous indirect estimates. The dependence of the distance on experimental conditions suggests feasibility of obtaining the stagger-size distribution of radiation-induced dsbs.
Induction of Melanogenesis by Rapamycin in Human MNT-1 Melanoma Cells (2012)

Rapamycin-induced melanin formation may be mediated through the up-regulation of TYR protein and activity. Furthermore, rapamycin and wortmannin, inhibitors of mTOR and PI3K, respectively, have co-stimulatory effects with α-MSH in enhancing melanogenesis in melanocyte cells.
Perceptual Correlates of Nociceptive Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Depression in Humans (2004)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic strength are ubiquitous mechanisms of synaptic plasticity, but their functional relevance in humans remains obscure. Here we report that a long-term increase in perceived pain to electrical test stimuli was induced by high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) (5 x 1 sec at 100 Hz) of peptidergic cutaneous afferents (27% above baseline, undiminished for >3 hr). In contrast, a long-term decrease in perceived pain (27% below baseline, undiminished for 1 hr) was induced by low-frequency stimulation (LFS) (17 min at 1 Hz). Pain testing with punctate mechanical probes (200 microm diameter) in skin adjacent to the HFS-LFS conditioning skin site revealed a marked twofold to threefold increase in pain sensitivity (secondary hyperalgesia, undiminished for >3 hr) after HFS but also a moderate secondary hyperalgesia (30% above baseline) after strong LFS. Additionally, HFS but not LFS caused pain to light tactile stimuli in adjacent skin (allodynia). In summary, HFS and LFS stimulus protocols that induce LTP or LTD in spinal nociceptive pathways in animal experiments led to similar LTP- and LTD-like changes in human pain perception (long-term hyperalgesia or hypoalgesia) mediated by the conditioned pathway. Additionally, secondary hyperalgesia and allodynia in adjacent skin induced by the HFS protocol and, to a minor extent, also by the LFS protocol, suggested that these perceptual changes encompassed an LTP-like heterosynaptic facilitation of adjacent nociceptive pathways by a hitherto unknown mechanism.
Detection of alcohols and volatile fatty acids by head-space gas chromatography in identification of anaerobic bacteria (1978)

A head-space gas chromatographic technique for the analysis of volatile bacterial metabolites is described. Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium perfringens, and Propionibacterium acnes, cultured in a glucose-containing peptone yeast extract medium, were studied. The head-space technique was compared with the injection of the complete liquid culture medium, and solvent extracts thereof, into the gas chromatograph. Volatile fatty acids could be detected by all three methods, whereas alcohols produced by C. perfringens and P. acnes were detectable only in the head-space chromatograms. Both FFAP and Porapak Q were used as gas chromatography stationary phase. Porapak Q was found more suitable than FFAP for the separation of alcohols. The head-space technique requires a minimum of preparation before the analysis and is well suited to automation.