gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leptin, the Product of Ob Gene, Promotes Angiogenesis (1998)

The adipocyte-derived cytokine leptin is thought to play a key role in the control of satiety and energy expenditure. Because adipogenesis and angiogenesis are tightly correlated during the fat mass development, we tested the hypothesis that leptin is able to modulate the growth of the vasculature. Experiments were performed using cultured human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) and porcine aortic endothelial cells. The presence of 170-kDa endothelial leptin receptor (Ob-R) was assessed in HUVECs by Western blot analysis. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis using specific oligonucleotides for the short and long Ob-R forms further revealed the expression of both Ob-R transcripts in endothelial cells. Moreover, leptin evoked a time-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of endothelial proteins, the most prominent of which were the mitogen-activated protein kinases Erk1/2. Treatment of HUVECs with leptin led to a concentration-dependent increase in cell number that was maximal at 10 ng/mL leptin and equivalent to that elicited by vascular endothelial growth factor. This effect was associated with an enhanced formation of capillary-like tubes in an in vitro angiogenesis assay and neovascularization in an in vivo model of angiogenesis. These results indicate that leptin, via activation of the endothelial Ob-R, generates a growth signal involving a tyrosine kinase-dependent intracellular pathway and promotes angiogenic processes. We speculate that this leptin-mediated stimulation of angiogenesis might represent not only a key event in the settlement of obesity but also may contribute to the modulation of growth under physiological and pathophysiological conditions in other tissues.
Static and dynamic carbonation of lightweight concrete masonry units (2013)

Static and dynamic carbonation curing at early age was developed for ordinaryPortland cement (OPC) and Portland limestone cement (PLC) concrete masonry units (CMU) production.It is intended to replace conventional steam curing, improve the CMU performance, reduce energy consumption, and permanently sequester carbon dioxide in concrete.Concrete slabs representing the face shell of a 20-cm CMU as well as full sized CMU were used throughout the carbonation process.In static carbonation, it was found that initial air curing was vital to maximize carbonation reaction.After a procedure of casting, air curing, carbonation curing, and water compensation in subsequent hydration, carbonated CMUs had shown equivalent strength to steamed CMU but much better resistance to freeze-thaw damage.Carbonate-reinforced cement matrix played a critical role in improving freeze thaw resistance.In dynamic carbonation, the initial air curing was combined with carbonation with controlled relative humidity.The production cycle was significantly reduced to avoid initial air curing.The process proved to be a valid replacement of the static system in terms of CO 2 uptake and compressive strength.While both OPC and PLC concretes displayed the hydration and carbonation products, only OPC concrete demonstrated an intermix of these products in the form of calcium silicate hydrocarbonate and a phase transformation of poorly crystalline aragonite and vaterite into well crystalline calcite.Based on 24% CO 2 uptake, the CMU production in US and Canada is capable of sequestering 2 million tons CO 2 per year.It is equivalent to 2.5% carbon emission reduction for US and Canada cement industry.Hargest, whose support and interest in our work motivated us to prosper for perfection.
The cellular polypeptide p57 (pyrimidine tract-binding protein) binds to multiple sites in the poliovirus 5' nontranslated region (1994)

Initiation of translation of poliovirus RNA by ribosomal entry into an internal segment of the 742-nucleotide (nt)-long 5' nontranslated region involves trans-acting factors, including p57, a 57-kDa polypeptide which has been identified as the pyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB). A UV cross-linking assay was used to compare the RNA-binding properties of the p57 present in various mammalian cytoplasmic extracts with those of purified murine p57 and recombinant human PTB. Three noncontiguous p57-binding sites were located within the poliovirus 5' nontranslated region, between nt 70 and 288, and 443 and 539 (domain V), and 630 and 730. With the same assay, a novel 34-kDa polypeptide was identified that bound nt 1 to 629 specifically. A single A-->G substitution of nt 480 which attenuates poliovirus did not alter UV cross-linking of p57 to domain V. Although UV cross-linking of p57 to the internal ribosome entry site was specifically reduced by competition with poly(U) but not by competition with poly(C), poly(G), and poly(A) homoribopolymers, the presence of a polyuridine tract was not a sufficient determinant for binding of RNA to the p57 present in cytoplasmic extracts, nor was the polypyrimidine tract downstream of domain V necessary for binding to this site.
Chemical Stimulation of the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus Inhibits the Neuronal Activity of the Posterior Insular Cortex in Rats (2003)

Extracellular neuronal responses were recorded from the posterior insular cortex following electrical and chemical stimulation of the thalamic reticular nucleus (Rt) regions. In the present study, most neurons (29/32) were first characterized for their responses to electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal (SL) nerve or glossopharyngeal (IXth) nerve. In the first experiment, 15 neurons in the posterior insular cortex were examined for their responses to electrical stimulation of the Rt regions. It was found that effective stimulation sites to evoke action potentials in the posterior insular cortex were the ventromedial portion of the Rt and its adjacent regions. In the second experiment, 17 neurons in the posterior insular cortex were examined for their responses by pressure injection of glutamate (Glu) into the Rt regions. Of the 17 neurons, 13 were inhibited in the spontaneous discharge rate following injection of Glu into the Rt, and the remaining four were unaffected. Histologically, it was demonstrated that Glu injection sites for the case of inhibition were located near or within the Rt. On the other hand, the injection sites for all four non-responsive neurons were located outside of the Rt. These data suggest that excitation of the Rt (GABAergic neurons) causes depression of the neuronal activity in the thalamic relay nucleus and then this may in turn induce depressed neuronal activity in the posterior insular cortex. The results here indicate that neuronal activity in the posterior insular cortex is controlled by the Rt, which has been reported in other sensory systems.
Effect of Shuttling Catalyst on the Migration of Hydrogen Adatoms: A Strategy for the Facile Hydrogenation of Graphene (2011)

Using density functional theory calculations, we have investigated a strategy for the facile hydrogenation of graphene. We show that the presence of polar hydride molecules, such as H2O, HF, and NH3 (physisorbed molecules that mediate/assist the migration of atomic H adatoms on graphene, named “shuttle gases” in the present work), can provide a favorable catalytic effect (lowering the H migration barrier) and a favorable thermodynamic effect (activating the direct transition to the second-nearest-neighbor site). In comparison with the widely known fact that the migration of chemisorbed H is kinetically unfavorable on graphene, this mechanism for shuttling catalysis provides an easier migration channel. We propose that randomly distributed hydrogen adatoms on graphene can transform into a compactly aggregated hydrogenation domain (similar to graphane, as suggested in the literature) by heat treatment in the presence of a shuttling catalyst.
Anion Effects on Gas Solubility in Ionic Liquids (2005)

This work presents the results of solubility measurements for a series of gases in 1-n-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-n-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide. The gases considered include benzene, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, ethylene, ethane, oxygen, and carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide and oxygen solubilities are also reported in methyl-tributylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, butyl-methyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, and tri-isobutyl-methyl phosphonium p-toluenesulfonate. We report the associated Henry's constants and enthalpies and entropies of absorption. In general, benzene, followed by carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, have the highest solubilities and strongest interactions with the ionic liquids, followed by ethylene and ethane. Oxygen had very low solubilities and weak interactions. Carbon monoxide had a solubility below the detection limit of our apparatus. Ionic liquids with the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide anion had the largest affinity for CO(2), regardless of whether the cation was imidazolium, pyrrolidinium, or tetraalkylammonium. These results suggest that the nature of the anion has the most significant influence on the gas solubilities.
The influenza virus-infected host cell, a target for the immune response. (1991)

The exposure of some viral antigens at the surface of infected host cells was studied as an essential stimulus for the immune response during influenza virus infections. Only antibodies directed against the HA1 of the haemagglutinin were bound to the cell surface, anti-HA2 antibodies did not gain access to the membrane. Attempts to purify the cell-associated haemagglutinin (formerly called "viromicrosomes" by, R. Rott) indicated the formation of a special form of truncated haemagglutinin. This antigen and the nucleoprotein was purified from infected chorioallantoic membranes by immunoaffinity chromatography. NP-specific epitopes could not be defined on the native NP molecule which seems to be in solution in a discoordinate and partially polymeric array. Three non-overlapping epitopes were assigned to proteolytic peptides of the NP. Purified NP could induce cross-reactive cytotoxic T-cells in mice, but these animals were not protected against a challenge infection. CTL induced by exogenous stimulation or intracellular synthesis of the NP were restricted by MHC class I in both cases. NP could be incorporated into ISCOM after amphiphatic modification of the molecule. NP-ISCOM conferred some protection to experimental mice, but did not induce CTL demonstrable in vitro.
Complete genome sequence of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> WCFS1 (2003)

The 3,308,274-bp sequence of the chromosome of Lactobacillus plantarum strain WCFS1, a single colony isolate of strain NCIMB8826 that was originally isolated from human saliva, has been determined, and contains 3,052 predicted protein-encoding genes. Putative biological functions could be assigned to 2,120 (70%) of the predicted proteins. Consistent with the classification of L. plantarum as a facultative heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium, the genome encodes all enzymes required for the glycolysis and phosphoketolase pathways, all of which appear to belong to the class of potentially highly expressed genes in this organism, as was evident from the codon-adaptation index of individual genes. Moreover, L. plantarum encodes a large pyruvate-dissipating potential, leading to various end-products of fermentation. L. plantarum is a species that is encountered in many different environmental niches, and this flexible and adaptive behavior is reflected by the relatively large number of regulatory and transport functions, including 25 complete PTS sugar transport systems. Moreover, the chromosome encodes >200 extracellular proteins, many of which are predicted to be bound to the cell envelope. A large proportion of the genes encoding sugar transport and utilization, as well as genes encoding extracellular functions, appear to be clustered in a 600-kb region near the origin of replication. Many of these genes display deviation of nucleotide composition, consistent with a foreign origin. These findings suggest that these genes, which provide an important part of the interaction of L. plantarum with its environment, form a lifestyle adaptation region in the chromosome.
A TCP-friendly congestion control scheme for real-time packet video using prediction (2003)

In order to cope with time-varying conditions in networks with no or limited QoS support like the current Internet, schemes have been proposed for real-time applications to dynamically adjust the traffic source's transmission rate. However, employing adaptive rate control may not be sufficient to prevent or handle network congestion. As most of the real-time applications are based on RTP/UDP protocols, an issue of possibly unfair sharing of bandwidth between TCP and UDP applications has been raised. In this paper, we propose a scheme called R/sup 3/CP/sup +/ that integrates several control mechanisms to maximize the delivery performance of real-time continuous media over networks without QoS support. Simulation results show that recursive least square (RLS)-based prediction makes a good use of the past measurement in forecasting the future condition that can effectively avoid and cope with network congestion. It also shows that the scheme achieves reasonably friendly resource sharing with TCP connections.
A 240 Gb/s self-coherent CO-OFDM transmission applying real-time receiption over 48 KM SSMF (2012)

We have implemented a real-time FPGA-based COOFDM receiver at 5.8 Gb/s. With a novel self coherent scheme the complexity of real-time receiver is reduced. The sub-band signal reception of 240 Gb/s multi-band CO-OFDM transmission over 44 km SSMF has been demonstrated using the real-time receiver with an error floor as low as 1.74×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> .
Stability assessment of evolving industrial object-oriented frameworks (2000)

Object-oriented framework technology has become a common reuse technology in software development. As with all software, frameworks evolve over time. Once the framework has been deployed, new versions of a framework potentially cause a high maintenance cost for the products built with the framework. This fact, in combination with the high costs of developing and evolving a framework, make it important for organizations to achieve a controlled and predictable evolution of the framework's functionality and costs. We present a metrics-based framework stability assessment method, which has been applied on two industrial frameworks from the telecommunication and graphical user interface domains. First, we discuss the framework concept and the frameworks studied. Then, the stability assessment method is presented including the metrics used. The results from applying the method, as well as an analysis of each of the frameworks, are described. We continue with a set of observations regarding the method, including framework differences that seem to be invariant with respect to the method. A set of framework stability indicators based on the results is then presented. Finally, we assess the method against issues related to the management and evolution of frameworks, framework deployment, change impact analysis and benchmarking. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triplet Diphenylcarbenes Protected by Trifluoromethyl and Bromine Groups. A Triplet Carbene Surviving a Day in Solution at Room Temperature (2005)

Two types of diphenyldiazomethanes having two trifluoromethyl and two bromine groups at the ortho positions, either in unsymmetrical or in symmetrical fashion, that is, (2,6-dibromo-4-phenylphenyl)[4-phenyl-2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]diazomethane (U-1-N2) and bis(2-bromo-4-phenyl-6-trifluoromethylphenyl)diazomethane (S-1-N2), are prepared. Triplet diphenylcarbenes (U-(3)1 or S-(3)1) are generated from those precursors and are characterized by ESR, UV/vis spectroscopy at low temperature, as well as time-resolved UV/vis spectroscopy at room temperature. Those carbenes are shown to be at least 2 orders of magnitude less reactive than the most stable triplet diphenylcarbene thus far known, that is, bis(2,6-dibromo-4-phenylphenyl)carbene. It has been also shown that S-(3)1 is significantly more stable than U-(3)1 even though both have the same two kinds of substituents. It is suspected that the perpendicular alignment of the two most bulky groups is a more effective way to shield the carbenic center than the planar one. By this way, triplet substituted diphenylcarbene surviving nearly a day in solution at room temperature is realized for the first time.
Staphylococcus aureus in the Community: Colonization Versus Infection (2009)

The lack of association between S. aureus nasal colonization and serious skin infection underscores the need to explore alternative venues or body sites that may be crucial to transmission. Moreover, the magnitude of colonization and infection within the household suggests that households are an underappreciated and substantial community reservoir.
Chronic Uremia Induces Permeability Changes, Increased Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression, and Structural Modifications in the Peritoneum (2001)

Advanced glycation end products (AGE), growth factors, and nitric oxide contribute to alterations of the peritoneum during peritoneal dialysis (PD). These mediators are also involved in chronic uremia, a condition associated with increased permeability of serosal membranes. It is unknown whether chronic uremia per se modifies the peritoneum before PD initiation. A rat model of subtotal nephrectomy was used to measure peritoneal permeability after 3, 6, and 9 wk, in parallel with peritoneal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoform expression and activity and structural changes. Uremic rats were characterized by a higher peritoneal permeability for small solutes and an increased NOS activity due to the up-regulation of endothelial and neuronal NOS. The permeability changes and increased NOS activities correlated with the degree of renal failure. Focal areas of vascular proliferation and fibrosis were detected in uremic rats, in relation with a transient up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, as well as vascular deposits of the AGE carboxymethyllysine and pentosidine. Correction of anemia with erythropoietin did not prevent the permeability or structural changes in uremic rats. Thus, in this rat model, uremia induces permeability and structural changes in the peritoneum, in parallel with AGE deposits and up-regulation of specific NOS isoforms and growth factors. These data suggest an independent contribution of uremia in the peritoneal changes during PD and offer a paradigm to better understand the modifications of serosal membranes in uremia.
The Structure of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 DNA as Probed by Micrococcal Nuclease Digestion (1980)

Micrococcal nuclease digestion was used to probe the structures in which herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) DNA is found during virus replication. Parental DNA, progeny DNA and DNA in nucleocapsids were analysed. Parental DNA was examined after infection of Vero cells with 32P- or 3H-thymidine-labelled HSV-I. Progeny DNA was examined after HSV-I-infected Vero cells were pulse-labelled with 3H-thymidine during HSV-I DNA synthesis. In both cases, nuclei were isolated and digested with micrococcal nuclease. Digestion products were analysed by agarose or polacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Most parental DNA remained as intact molecules. However, a small amount was degraded into fragments which were heterogeneous in size or the size of nucleosomal cell DNA. These two classes of fragments were also produced upon digestion of progeny DNA. The heterogeneous fragments and nucleosomal fragments comprised major and minor fractions, respectively, of digested progeny DNA. When digested DNA from HSV-I-infected cells was transferred from composite polyacrylamide-agarose gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper, nucleosomal fragments hybridized to 32P-labelled HSV-I DNA as well as to 32P-labelled Vero cell DNA.. Therefore, nucleosomal fragments contained HSV-I DNA sequences. HSV-I DNA in nucleocapsids was analysed by micrococcal nuclease digestion after nucleocapsids were disrupted with PH 9.3 buffer, pyridine, Sarkosyl or NcCl/urea. Only fragments of heterogeneous size were produced. Thus, HSV-I DNA is found predominantly in structures other than nucleosomes during virus replication.
Extract and Classification of Iris Images by Fractal Dimension and Efficient Color of Iris (2011)

In the last decade, identification by biometric features such as iris and fingerprint has been considered very much. Last introduced methods, in fact, could achieve high accuracy, but one of the most common problems in these methods is the lack of scalability. So these methods are suitable for use in small databases of iris. One solution for this problem is using the hierarchy classification. In this paper, fractal dimension of iris and effective range of color in RGB layers are used as first and second layers of classification in iris images respectively in order to increase the performance of different methods in human identification. The result of simulation on Phoenix database's data shows that this method is suitably efficient in the classification step.
Using hidden markov model for dynamic malware analysis: First impressions (2015)

Malware developers are coming up with new techniques to escape malware detection. Furthermore, with the common availability of malware construction kits and metamorphic virus generators, creation of obfuscated malware has become a child's play. This has made the task of anti-malware industry a challenging one, who need to analyze tens of thousands of new malware samples everyday in order to provide defense against the malware threat. The silver lining is that most of the malware generated by such means is different only syntactically, and hence techniques employing dynamic analysis and behavior modeling can be effectively used for classifying malware. In this paper we have proposed a malware classification scheme based on Hidden Markov Models using system calls as observed symbols. Our approach combines the powerful statistical pattern analysis capability of Hidden Markov Models with the proven capacity of system calls as discriminating dynamic features for countering malware obfuscation. Testing the proposed technique on system call logs of real malware shows that it has the potential of effectively classifying unknown malware into known classes.
Overcoming the modal bandwidth limitation of multimode fiber by using passband modulation (1999)

It is demonstrated that the bandwidth limitation of multimode fiber links arising from modal dispersion can be overcome by using passband modulation in the frequency range beyond the 3 dB bandwidth. Transmission of 1.25 Gb/s over 500 m of near-worst case 62.5 μm multimode fiber is achieved using two subcarrier multiplexed channels at the 850-nm wavelength.