gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for the red panda, <i>Ailurus fulgens</i> (2004)

Abstract We report on the isolation and characterization of 10 microsatellites in the red panda Ailurus fulgens from genomic DNA‐enriched libraries. Twenty‐one microsatellites were screened from the libraries, and 10 of the screened microsatellites were polymorphic. The number of observed alleles for each locus in 24 individuals ranged from three to 12, and the expected and observed heterozygosity was 0.60–0.90 and 0.50–1.00, respectively. These markers should prove a useful tool for the study of genetic variation in red panda in the future.
Circadian phase shifts to neuropeptide Y In vitro: cellular communication and signal transduction. (1997)

Mammalian circadian rhythms originate in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), from which rhythmic neural activity can be recorded in vitro. Application of neurochemicals can reset this rhythm. Here we determine cellular correlates of the phase-shifting properties of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the hamster circadian clock in vitro. Drug or control treatments were applied to hypothalamic slices containing the SCN on the first day in vitro. The firing rates of individual cells were sampled on the second day in vitro. Control slices exhibited a peak in firing rate in the middle of the day. Microdrop application of NPY to the SCN phase advanced the time of peak firing rate. This phase-shifting effect of NPY was not altered by block of sodium channels with tetrodotoxin or block of calcium channels with cadmium and nickel, consistent with a direct postsynaptic site of action. Pretreatment with the glutamate receptor antagonists (DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione disodium) also did not alter phase shifts to NPY. Blocking GABAA receptors with bicuculline (Bic) had effects only at very high (millimolar) doses of Bic, whereas blocking GABAB receptors did not alter effects of NPY. Phase shifts to NPY were blocked by pretreatment with inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), suggesting that PKC activation may be necessary for these effects. Bathing the slice in low Ca2+/high Mg2+ can block phase shifts to NPY, possibly via a depolarizing action. A depolarizing high K+ bath can also block NPY phase shifts. The results are consistent with direct action of NPY on pacemaker neurons, mediated through a signal transduction pathway that depends on activation of PKC.
Characteristic of Splicing Misalignment Induced Mode Dependent Loss for Coupled Multi-core Fibre (2017)

We have revealed numerically and experimentally that coupled multi-core fibre can realize a smaller mode dependent loss than few-mode fibre as regards splicing misalignment, which is beneficial for constructing large capacity and high spatial density transmission links.
Implementation of a fuzzy controller for DC-DC converters using an inexpensive 8-b microcontroller (1997)

This paper presents an implementation of a fuzzy controller for DC-DC power converters using an inexpensive 8-bit microcontroller. An "on-chip" analog-to-digital (A/D) converter and PWM generator eliminate the external components needed to perform these functions. Implementation issues include limited on-chip program memory of 2 kB, unsigned integer arithmetic and computational delay. The duty cycle for the DC-DC power converter can only be updated every eight switching cycles because of the time required for the A/D conversion and the control calculations. However, it is demonstrated here that stable responses can be obtained for both buck and boost power converters under these conditions. Another important result is that the same microcontroller code, without any modifications, can control both power converters because their behavior can be described by the same set of linguistic rules. The contribution shows that a nonlinear controller such as fuzzy logic can be inexpensively implemented with microcontroller technology.
Novel functional M1 selective muscarinic agonists. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3-(1,2,5-thiadiazolyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methylpyridines (1992)

A series of novel 3-(3-substituted-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro- 1-methylpyridines (substituted-TZTP; 5a-l, 7a-h, 8, 9c-n, 11, 13j) were synthesized and tested for central muscarinic cholinergic receptor affinity by using [3H]-oxotremorine-M (Oxo-M) and [3H]-pirenzepine (Pz) as ligands. The potency and efficacy of the compounds for the pharmacological defined M1 and M2 muscarinic receptors were determined on isolated electrically stimulated rabbit vas deferens and on spontaneously beating isolated guinea pig atria, respectively. Selected compounds were also tested for M3 activity in the isolated guinea pig ileum. The C1-8 alkoxy-TZTP 5a-l analogues all displaced [3H]-Oxo-M and [3H]-Pz with low nanomolar affinity. Depicting chain length against Oxo-M binding and against Pz binding the unbranched C1-8 alkoxy-TZTP (5a-h) derivatives produced U-shaped curves with butoxy- (5d) and (pentyloxy)-TZTP (5e) as the optimum chain length, respectively. This U-shaped curve was also seen in the ability of the compounds 5a-h to inhibit the twitch height in the vas deferens preparation. The (pentyloxy)- (5e) and the (hexyloxy)-TZTP (5f) analogues produced an over 90% inhibition of the twitch height with IC50 values in the low picomolar range. In both the atria and in the ileum preparations 5f had low efficacy and potency. With the (alkylthio)-TZTP (7a-h) analogues the structure-activity relationship was similar to the one observed with the alkoxy (5a-h) analogues, but generally 7a-h had higher receptor affinity and was more potent than the corresponding 5a-h. However, the C3-8 alkyl-TZTP (9c,e,g,h) analogues had 10-100 times lower affinity for the central muscarinic receptors than the corresponding alkoxy and alkylthio derivatives, and their efficacy in the vas deferens preparation was too low to obtain IC50 values. The unsubstituted TZTP (11) compound was a potent but nonselective muscarinic agonist. The two 3-(3-butoxy/(hexyloxy)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-4-yl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahy dro-1- methylpyridines (butoxy/hexyloxy)-OZTP; 19a/b) were also synthesized and tested. Both 19a and 19b had much lower affinity for the central muscarinic receptors than 5d and 5f, and the efficacy of 19a,b was too low to give IC50 values in the vas deferens preparation. Therefore, the C5-6 (alkyloxy)/(alkylthio)-TZTP's represent a unique series of potent functional M1 selective muscarinic agonists.
Smelter emission controls. The impact on mining and the market for acid. Open file report (final) 1 Oct 80-31 Dec 81 (1982)

This report presents an overview of Federal and State regulations affecting SO/sub 2/ emissions from nonferrous metal smelters. Compliance strategies provide a study basis and individual smelter requirements are reviewed. The report contains an overview of U.S. copper reserves and quality; mine and smelter productivity; facility ownership, capacity, and production; and acid and concentrate transport costs. Prior copper pricing practices were analyzed with respect to industry structure, current competitiveness, solvency, and possible response to Federal aid.
Integrity testing of vial closure systems used for parenteral products. (1982)

Vial closure systems for sterile parenteral products must provide adequate protection against external contamination during the lifetime of products on the market. Two approaches are suggested for evaluating the adequacy of vial closure systems: (a) physical testing of the closure seal by use of a leak test, and (b) monitoring the ability of the container closure system to prevent microbial contamination. Leak testing of products helps to establish the integrity of the systems at the time of sealing. It also provides information concerning adverse product/closure interactions and continued integrity of the packages throughout the assigned shelf lives. Monitoring vial contents for sterility is accomplished by filling vials with a microbiological growth medium and inspecting them for microbial growth at intervals throughout the assigned shelf lives. At periodic intervals the container closure systems are challenged with an aqueous suspension of microorganisms.
A 60-GHz FSK transceiver with automatically-calibrated demodulator in 90-nm CMOS (2010)

A fully-integrated 60-GHz transceiver utilizing analog FSK modulation/demodulation to replace baseband processor has been demonstrated. Employing a discriminator with automatic adjustment and a folded dipole antenna pair (5-dBi gain for each), the transceiver achieves > 1Gb/s data transmission over 1 meter with BER <; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> while consuming a total power of 500 mW.
Measuring and using admixture to study the genetics of complex diseases (2003)

Admixture is an important evolutionary force that can and should be used in efforts to apply genomic data and technology to the study of complex disease genetics. Admixture linkage disequilibrium (ALD) is created by the process of admixture and, in recently admixed populations, extends for substantial distances (of the order of 10 to 20 cM). The amount of ALD generated depends on the level of admixture, ancestry information content of markers and the admixture dynamics of the population, and thus influences admixture mapping (AM). The authors discuss different models of admixture and how these can have an impact on the success of AM studies. Selection of markers is important, since markers informative for parental population ancestry are required and these are uncommon. Rarely does the process of admixture result in a population that is uniform for individual admixture levels, but instead there is substantial population stratification. This stratification can be understood as variation in individual admixtures and can be both a source of statistical power for ancestry--phenotype correlation studies as well as a confounder in causing false-positives in gene association studies. Methods to detect and control for stratification in case/control and AM studies are reviewed, along with recent studies showing individual ancestry--phenotype correlations. Using skin pigmentation as a model phenotype, implications of AM in complex disease gene mapping studies are discussed. Finally, the article discusses some limitations of this approach that should be considered when designing an effective AM study.
Asynchronous spiking photonic neuron for lightwave neuromorphic signal processing (2012)

We developed an asynchronous spiking photonic neuron that forms the basic building block for hybrid analog/digital lightwave neuromorphic processing. Our approach enables completely asynchronous spiking in response to input signals while maximizing the throughput relative to synchronous approaches. Asynchronous operation is achieved by generating the spike source for the photonic neuron through four-wave mixing. This hybrid analog/digital photonic neuron has an electro-absorption modulator as the temporal integration unit for analog processing, while the digital processing portion employs optical thresholding in a highly Ge-doped nonlinear loop mirror.
Determinação de Cd e Pb: avaliação de sedimentos do Rio Jundiaí - SP e Ribeirão Piraí - SP e lodo proveniente de uma estação de tratamento de esgotos (2009)

<abstract language="eng">Jundiaí river is the main stream in the Jundiaí Hydrographic Basin and its water is not considered safe for public supply. The water problem is getting worse with the development of the region. The Pirai stream, have been one of the last potable water resource. With the purpose of investigating the sediment quality, due to its influence on the water quality, bioavailable and total Cd and Pb were determined using TS-FF-AAS. Total Cd and Pb up to 2.47 and 24.7 µg g-1 were measured, respectively. The wastewater sludge showed concentrations of 4.01 and 171 µg g-1, for the same metals.
Response of elastic cylinders to convective flow noise I. Homogeneous, layered cylinders (1984)

One of the noise mechanisms experienced by passive towed sonar arrays is that of convective flow noise due to boundary layer turbulence generated as the array moves through the water at a fixed tow speed. The purpose of the present work is to arrive at quantitative predictions of the effects of convective flow noise using relatively simple model calculations. Line arrays are modeled as homogeneous, layered cylinders while turbulent eddies are modeled as random pressure fluctuations traveling at the convective speed of the eddies (about 80%) of the tow speed. The qualitative difference between solid and liquid fills is explained with this analysis. Solid-filled arrays are more susceptible to convective flow noise than are liquid-filled arrays because the noise-carrying shear waves are highly attenuated in the liquid. The detailed analysis is presented both for homogeneous cylinders and for cylinders with multiple homogeneous layers. Examples are presented to illustrate the analysis and the numerical methods employed in the calculations.
Biliary secretion of sodium fluorescein in primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes and its stimulation by nicotinamide (1982)

Addition of sodium fluorescein to primary cultures of rat hepatocytes resulted in a rapid uptake of the dye by the hepatocytes and a subsequent accumulation in bile canaliculi-like structures. A similar distribution was obtained with fluorescein diacetate. Concentrations of Na-fluorescein accumulating within canaliculi varied over a wide range, often far exceeding that used in the medium. Ouabain strongly blocked cellular uptake, thus also impairing secretion of Na-fluorescein, whereas colchicine affected neither process. Taurolithocholate had virtually no influence on uptake, but markedly reduced the number of fluorescent canaliculi. Furthermore, fluorescent canaliculi could be discharged by addition of I M-sucrose in Hank's buffer, without affecting viability of the cultured cells. The percentage of canicular structures accumulating high amounts of Na-fluorescein markedly increased during cultivation for 7 days, concomitant with the progressive development of originally small and sporadic canaliculi into an anastomosing network of slender channels. This canalicular proliferation was strikingly reinforced by 20 mM-nicotinamide, resulting in an impressive network of canaliculi within 2-3 days. Nicotinamide also supported the secretion of Na-fluorescein, which could be stimulated further by addition of dehydrocholate. These results suggest that cultured hepatocytes are able to re-create a functional biliary polarity at least with respect to the biliary secretion of Na-fluorescein.
New substrates of DNA polymerases (1999)

Bis-(2'-deoxynucleoside) 5',5'-tetraphosphates and bis-(2'-deoxynucleoside) 5',5'-triphosphates were shown to be a new type of substrate for several DNA polymerases of human, bacterial and viral origin. Their substrate properties depend both on their structure and on the nature of the enzyme. They are incorporated by both termini in correspondence with the template nucleotide program in the active center. The results obtained support the mechanism of their direct incorporation rather than prior hydrolysis to dNTP. The highest activity of these compounds was observed for HIV reverse transcriptase. The probable biological significance of the reaction is discussed.
Analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of complex solids, liquids, and powders with an echelle spectrometer (2003)

One of the most promising approaches to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) experiments involves the use of an echelle spectrometer coupled with an intensified CCD. Even if drawbacks remain with its use, the echelle spectrometer facilitates a multielemental analysis that is more rapid than can be obtained with the more-conventional Czerny-Turner spectrometer and, moreover, does not sacrifice reliability. Quantitative results obtained with such apparatus for solids, liquids, powders, and gases are described and when possible compared with results from Czerny-Turner spectrometers. Liquid analysis by LIBS with echelle spectrometers has allowed a spectral database to be compiled. Once the qualitative spectra of pure elements in aqueous solutions, are obtained, they can be used for qualitative analysis of unknown samples.
Deconstructing Commodity Storage Clusters (2005)

The traditional approach for characterizing complex systems is to run standard workloads and measure the resulting performance as seen by the end user. However, unique opportunities exist when characterizing a system that is itself constructed from standardized components: one can also look inside the system itself by instrumenting each of the components. In this paper, we show how intra-box instrumentation can help one understand the behavior of a large-scale storage cluster, the EMC Centera. In our analysis, we leverage standard tools for tracing both the disk and network traffic emanating from each node of the cluster. By correlating this traffic with the running workload, we are able to infer the structure of the software system (e.g., its write update protocol) as well as its policies (e.g., how it performs caching, replication, and load-balancing). Further, by imposing variable intra-box delays on network and disk traffic, we can confirm the causal relationships between network and disk events. Thus, we are able to infer the semantics of the messages between nodes without examining a single line of source code.
Modeling resources allocation and performance measures in distributed computer networks (2002)

The optimal design of distributed point-to-point computer network is formulated as a linear 0-1 integer programming model. Our model is new in handling the cost structures and the system performance requirements in linear components. Also, it is more complete than other previous models, since it considers simultaneously network reliability, database availability, time delay, distribution of computing power, distribution of programs and databases, allocation of channels, return flow of information, and routing strategy. A solution procedure based on the "Balas" algorithm is developed to obtain the optimal solution of the problem. The model and the solution procedure are applied to a practical situation.
Review of Clinical Uncertainty in Primary Care: The Challenge of Collaborative Engagement. (2016)

Reviews the book, <i>Clinical Uncertainty in Primary Care: The Challenge of Collaborative Engagement</i> edited by Lucia Siegel Sommers and John Lautner (see record 2013-30484-000). The bulk of this book comprises a wide array of different models for collaborative uncertainty work. From Balint groups that help participants to tolerate uncertainty to narrative-based supervision that poses challenging self-reflective questions, each chapter provides a description of group intervention design, theoretical context, the structure for facilitation, and outcome data on impact. The book is a powerfully thoughtful and detailed exploration of the often overlooked topic of not understanding or knowing how to act in the best interest of a patient. The beautiful and self-disclosing writing is a gift to the reader, and the testimonies of the utility of these practices are undeniably compelling. (PsycINFO Database Record
Chromatin and DNA Modifications in the<i>Opaque2</i>-Mediated Regulation of Gene Transcription during Maize Endosperm Development (2009)

The maize (Zea mays) Opaque2 (O2) gene encodes an endosperm-specific bZIP-type transcription activator. In this study, we analyzed O2 targets for chromatin and DNA modifications and transcription factors binding during endosperm development and in leaves. In leaves, O2 targets exhibit high cytosine methylation levels and transcriptionally silent chromatin, enriched with histones H3 dimethylated at Lys-9 (H3K9me2) and Lys-27 (H3K27me2). Transcriptional activation in the endosperm occurs through a two-step process, with an early potentiated state and a later activated state. The potentiated state has cytosine demethylation at symmetric sites, substitution of H3K9me2 and H3K27me2 with histones H3 acetylated at Lys-14 (H3K14ac) and dimethylated at Lys-4 (H3K4me2), and increased DNaseI sensitivity. During the activated state, the mRNA of O2 targets accumulates in correspondence to RNPII, O2, and Ada2/Gcn5 coactivator binding. The active state also exhibits further increases of H3K14ac/H3K4me2 and DNaseI accessibility levels and deposition of histone H3 acetylated at Lys-9 and trimethylated at Lys-4. Analysis of o2 mutants revealed that O2 targets differ in their dependence on O2 activity for coactivator recruitment and for formation of specific chromatin modification profiles. These results indicate gene-specific involvement of mechanisms that modify chromatin states in the O2-mediated regulation of transcription.
From Hydrocolloids to High Specific Surface Area Porous Supports for Catalysis (2005)

Polysaccharide hydrogels are effective supports for heterogeneous catalysts. Their use in solvents different from water has been hampered by their instability upon drying. While the freeze-drying process or air-drying of hydrocolloid gels led to compact solids with a low surface area, drying the gel in CO2 beyond the critical point provided mesoporous materials with a high specific surface area. Their effectiveness as a support for catalysis was exemplified in the reaction of substitution of an allyl carbonate with morpholine catalyzed by the hydrosoluble Pd(TPPTS)3 complex. The influence of water on the catalytic activity and the properties of the support was evidenced.
Kinetics of a single trapped ion in an ultracold buffer gas (2011)

The immersion of a single ion confined by a radiofrequency (RF) trap in an ultracold atomic gas extends the concept of buffer gas cooling to a new temperature regime. The steady-state energy distribution of the ion is determined by its kinetics in the RF field rather than the temperature of the buffer gas. Moreover, the finite size of the ultracold gas facilitates the observation of back-action of the ion onto the buffer gas. We numerically investigate the system's properties depending on atom-ion mass ratio, trap geometry, differential cross-section and non-uniform neutral atom density distribution. Experimental results are well reproduced by our model considering only elastic collisions. We identify excess micromotion to set the typical scale for the ion energy statistics and explore the applicability of the mobility collision cross-section to the ultracold regime.
Local injection of stem cell factor (SCF) improves myocardial homing of systemically delivered c-kit + bone marrow-derived stem cells (2007)

We demonstrate that intramyocardial administration of SCF sustainably directs more lin-/c-kit+ stem cells to the heart. Future studies will have to show whether higher levels of myocardial SCF (i.e. by virus-mediated gene transfer) can further improve homing of systemically delivered c-kit+ stem cells and thus favourably influence cardiac remodelling following myocardial infarction.