gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single Photon Absorption by a Single Quantum Emitter (2008)

We show that a three-level lambda quantum emitter with equal spontaneous emission rates on both optically active transitions can absorb an incident single-photon pulse with a probability approaching unity, provided that the focused light profile matches that of the emitter dipole emission. Even with realistic focusing geometries, our results could find applications in long-distance entanglement of spin qubits.
Nanoparticle-Based One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals (2008)

Herein we present a fast, reliable method for building nanoparticle-based 1D photonic crystals in which a periodic modulation of the refractive index is built by alternating different types of nanoparticles and by controlling the level of porosity of each layer. The versatility of the method is further confirmed by building up optically doped photonic crystals in which the opening of transmission windows due to the creation of defect states in the gap is demonstrated. The potential of this new type of structure as a sensing material is illustrated by analyzing the specific color changes induced by the infiltration of solvents of different refractive indexes.
Maps for tourists: An exploration of function and form (1994)

There exist few systematic or comprehensive studies of maps designed for tourist use. The present study explores the relationship between tourist map functions and map forms in 4,389 Australian tourist maps. The maps in the tourist map data file represent an enormous diversity of maps drawn from all states of Australia. It was demonstrated that two principal map functions dominate the data set, the conventional wayfinding function (55.6% of all maps) and modified wayfinding maps (38.6%) which contain considerable marketing and advertising characteristics. It was further demonstrated in a series of cross-tabulation tables that wayfinding maps portray larger regional areas than the joint wayfinding and marketing maps. Additionally, proportionately more wayfinding plus marketing maps are monochrome, involve either three dimensions or are in strip map form and have a map drawing style which involves detailed drawings and emphasised features. When the specific tourist sector of attractions is considered, it was shown that wayfinding plus marketing maps are the dominant tourist map form with over 50% of the maps for such attractions as zoos, wildlife parks, theme parks, historic sites and wineries using a non-conventional map format. In order to begin the process of understanding how users respond to these new emerging map forms the concept of cognitive steps (the number of mental transformations from the language of the map to the reality of the visual field) was introduced. Evidence was provided that fewer cognitive steps (i.e. less mental effort and more 'realistic' map types) were judged to be more attractive but not easier to use. The limitations of the experimental task require further research work to assess the value of the cognitive steps approach. Further work in this area promises to provide some guidelines for more user friendly and appealing tourist maps which are ubiquitous features of the tourism information network.
A novel Al-reflow process using surface modification by the ECR plasma treatment and its application to the 256 Mbit DRAM (2002)

A novel Al-reflow process with the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma treatment for the modification of underlayers was developed in a vacuum isolated sputtering equipment. The key feature of this technology is the introduction of the in-situ ECR plasma treatment for the modification of the surface characteristics such as surface morphology and stoichiometry of the TiN wetting/barrier layer. High wettability of the Al film was obtained on the ECR-treated TiN surface, producing a conformal Al film on the sidewall of the contact hole before the reflow process. Consequently, complete filling of contact holes with Al was achieved in deep sub-micron contact holes with a high aspect ratio. This study has demonstrated that the Al-reflow process can be extended to the process of the devices of 256 Mbit DRAM generation and beyond.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New clothes for amyloid enhancing factor (AEF): Silk as AEF (1999)

Amyloid enhancing factor (AEF) is an activity that appears naturally during the course of persistent inflammation and precedes, by 24-48 h, AA amyloid deposition in appropriate murine models. AEF is defined by its biological properties, namely, when administered intravenously or intraperitoneally to a mouse, it primes the recipient for the rapid induction of AA amyloid when they are given an inflammatory stimulus. Available evidence indicates that AEF is protein in nature, but a specific molecular species (if a singular species exits) has not been identified. Past work (Ganowiak et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 199:306-312, 1994) has shown that AEF activity may be imparted to two different proteins (IAPP and beta-protein) provided each is organized in the form of an amyloid fibril. Since a characteristic property of proteins in amyloid fibrils is their beta-sheet organization, one possibility is that AEF activity, in part, depends on such organization, and other proteins with such properties may also have AEF activity. To investigate this possibility, silk, a protein which contains substantial beta-sheet content, was denatured in LiSCN and allowed to renature slowly under reducing conditions to form a gel. The denatured silk preparation was then sonicated thoroughly to permit intravenous injection and assessed for AEF activity. The modified silk, presented as small fibrils in a beta-sheet conformation as assessed by electron microscopy and circular dichroism, respectively. This silk at 0-50 micrograms/animal was administered intravenously as "AEF" followed immediately by subcutaneous AgNO3 as the inflammatory stimulus. Six days later the spleens were examined for the presence of AA amyloid and following Congo red staining, the amount of amyloid quantified by image analysis. Modified silk without an inflammatory stimulus, and non-sonicated modified silk, failed to induce AA amyloid. Sonicated modified silk followed by AgNO3 induced large quantities of splenic AA amyloid in a dose dependent fashion. Modified silk in quantities as small as 1-5 micrograms/animal can function as AEF. The AEF properties of the modified silk were stable at 4 degrees C for at least 4 weeks (the longest period tested). This procedure may provide a means of standardizing AEF preparations.
Complex Band Structure and Tunneling through Ferromagnet<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>/</mml:mi></mml:math>Insulator<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>/</mml:mi></mml:math>Ferromagnet Junctions (2000)

We investigate the importance of metal-induced gap states for the tunneling of metal electrons through epitaxial insulator films. By introducing an imaginary part kappa to the wave vector in order to describe the decay of the wave function in the insulator, we obtain the complex band structure in the gap region. The spectrum of the decay parameters kappa is calculated for the semiconductors Si, Ge, GaAs, and ZnSe. In most cases, for large enough film thicknesses the tunneling is dominated by states of normal incidence on the interface. Possible exceptions are considered. Based on our conclusions, we discuss the spin-dependent tunneling in Fe/semiconductor/Fe (001) junctions.
Antidepressant-like activities of live and heat-killed Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 in chronic corticosterone-treated mice and possible mechanisms (2019)

Emerging evidence indicates that ingestion of specific probiotics, known as "psychobiotics", confer beneficial effects on mental health. This study investigated antidepressant-like effects and possible underlying mechanisms of Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 (PS23), live or heat-killed, in a mouse model of corticosterone-induced depression using fluoxetine as standard drug. PS23 were orally gavaged to mice from day 1 to 41 or fluoxetine from day 17 to 41 and injected with corticosterone from day 17 to 37. After the last corticosterone treatment, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were tested within 4 days. On day 42, serum and brain tissue were collected 24 min after forced swim stress. Abnormal behavioral changes induced by corticosterone were ameliorated by treatment with live PS23 in open field and sucrose preference tests, with heat-killed PS23 in open field, forced swim and sucrose preference tests, and with fluoxetine in open field and forced swim tests. Furthermore, both live and heat-killed PS23 and fluoxetine reversed corticosterone-reduced protein levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor, mineralocorticoid, and glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus. In addition, live PS23 also reverses corticosterone-reduced serotonin levels in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and striatum; whereas heat-killed PS23 reverses corticosterone-reduced dopamine levels in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. And fluoxetine normalized reduced corticosterone level in serum. These studies showed that both live and heat-killed PS23 can reverse chronic corticosterone-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and that may provide insights into the mechanism and a potential psychobiotic for depression management.
Chirality-dependent boron-mediated growth of nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (2005)

A change in the relative abundance of single-walled carbon nanotubes, due to the presence of both nitrogen and boron during synthesis, has been identified through Raman and absorption spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy shows that for two specific branches boron mediates the growth of smaller-diameter zigzag or near-zigzag nanotubes. We combine our experimental results with an improved Kataura model to identify two of the preferentially grown species as (16,0) and (14,1).
A highly effective attractant for the brownbanded cockroach (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) (1985)

Abstract A bait made from the grain used to prepare a commercial bottled liquor and later packaged as cattle feed was highly attractive to all instars of the brownbanded cockroach, Supelia longipalpa (F.), a major domiciliary pest that has always been difficult to control. When tested in a trapping experiment, the dry mash attracted 1,160 brownbanded cockroaches, 16 American (Periplaneta americana) and 4 German (Blattella germanica) cockroaches in an 8‐week period compared with 3 German cockroaches trapped in untreated controls. In a second test comparing the mash with ground Lab‐Chow pellets for a 2‐week period, 411 brownbanded cockroaches were trapped compared with 27 cockroaches trapped with the ground dogfood and 9 with the control.
Révision de la chronologie absolue des débuts du Néolithique en Provence et Languedoc (1987)

Après un bref rappel de l’existence d’un écart variable entre les dates 14 C et les dates réelles et de ses conséquences pour l’archéologie, l’auteur donne la synthèse de tous les résultats 14 C obtenus en Provence et Languedoc pour le Chasséen et le Néolithique ancien. Ainsi est mis en évidence le caractère discordant de certaines datations dont quelques unes sont par ailleurs suspectes pour des raisons méthodologiques. Ceci conduit à une plus grande certitude quant à la date du début du Cardial en Provence vers 6800 B.P.Le bilan des données disponibles dans les pays méditerranéens avoisinants ne permet par contre aucune conclusion faute d’un nombre suffisant d’analyses.
The Animal Pigment Bilirubin Identified in Strelitzia reginae, the Bird of Paradise Flower (2010)

Strelitzia reginae Aiton is an iconic plant known for its vibrant orange and blue inflorescences. Floral pigments include carotenoids and the anthocyanin delphinidin-3-rutinoside. S. reginae has black seeds with vivid orange arils, yet the basis for the orange color is unknown. We recently discovered bilirubin in the arils of S. nicolai . Previously, this pigment was known only to exist in animals as a breakdown product of heme. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC/electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry, we now show that bilirubin is the primary aril pigment of S. reginae and is also present in low concentrations in its sepals (less than 44.0 ng·g −1 ).
Enhanced Photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub>-Reduction Activity of Anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> by Coexposed {001} and {101} Facets (2014)

Control of TiO2 crystal facets has attracted enormous interest due to the fascinating shape-dependent photocatalytic activity of this material. In this work, the effect of the ratio of {001} and {101} facets on the photocatalytic CO2-reduction performance of anatase TiO2 is reported. A new "surface heterojunction" concept is proposed on the basis of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explain the difference in the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 with coexposed {001} and {101} facets.
Dose-Response Effect of Pioglitazone on Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the dose-response effects of pioglitazone on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 58 diet-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (aged 54 ±1 years; 34 men and 24 women; BMI 31.5± 0.6 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n=11) or 7.5 mg (n=13), 15 mg (n=12), 30 mg (n=11), or 45 mg (n=11) of pioglitazone per day for 26 weeks. Before and after 26 weeks, subjects underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS—Patients treated with 7.5 or 15 mg/day of pioglitazone had no change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting plasma insulin (FPI) concentrations or in plasma glucose (PG) and insulin concentrations during the OGTT. Patients treated with 30 and 45 mg/day of pioglitazone, respectively, had significant decreases from placebo in HbA1c (Δ=−2.0 and −2.9%), FPG (Δ=−66 and −97 mg/dl), and mean PG during OGTT (Δ=−84 and −107 mg/dl). Fasting plasma insulin decreased significantly in the 45-mg/day pioglitazone group, but the mean plasma insulin during the OGTT did not change. The insulinogenic index (Δ area under the curve [AUC] insulin/ΔAUC glucose) during the OGTT increased significantly in the 30- and 45-mg/day pioglitazone groups (0.13± 0.03 to 0.27± 0.05, P &lt; 0.05). From the OGTT, we previously have derived a composite whole-body insulin sensitivity index (ISI) that correlates well with that measured directly with the insulin clamp technique. Whole-body ISI [ISI=10,000 \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\sqrt{(FPG{\times}FPI){\times}(\overline{PG}{\times}\overline{PI})}\) \end{document}, where P̅G̅ and P̅I̅ equal mean plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during OGTT] increased significantly in patients treated with 30 mg (1.8± 0.3 to 2.5± 0.3, P &lt; 0.05) or 45 mg (1.6± 0.2 to 2.7± 0.6, P &lt; 0.05) per day of pioglitazone. In the basal state, the hepatic ISI [k/(FPG × FPI)[k/(FPG × FPI)], which agrees closely with that measured directly with tritiated glucose, increased in patients treated with 30 mg (0.13± 0.02 to 0.21± 0.03, P &lt; 0.05) and 45 mg (0.11± 0.02 to 0.24± 0.06, P &lt; 0.05) per day of pioglitazone. Significant correlations between the dose of pioglitazone and the changes in HbA1c (r=−0.58), FPG (r=−0.47), mean PG during the OGTT (r=−0.46), insulinogenic index (r=0.34), hepatic ISI (r=0.44), and whole-body ISI (r=0.36) were observed. CONCLUSIONS—Pioglitazone improves glycemic control through the dose-dependent enhancement of β-cell function and improved whole-body and hepatic insulin sensitivity.
MINT: Model INTegration Through Knowledge-Powered Data and Process Composition (2018)

Major societal and environmental challenges require forecasting how natural processes and human activities affect one another. Model integration across natural and social science disciplines to study these problems requires resolving semantic, spatio-temporal, and execution mismatches, which are largely done by hand today and may take more than two years of human effort. We are developing the Model INTegration (MINT) framework that incorporates extensive knowledge about models and data, with several innovative components: 1) New principle-based ontology generation tools for modeling variables, used to describe models and data; 2) A novel workflow system that selects relevant models from a curated registry and uses abductive reasoning to hypothesize new models and data transformation steps; 3) A new data discovery and integration framework that finds and categorizes new sources of data, learns to extract information from both online sources and remote sensing data, and transforms the data into the format required by the models; 4) New knowledge-guided machine learning algorithms for model parameterization to improve accuracy and estimate uncertainty; 5) A novel framework for multi-modal scalable workflow execution. We are beginning to annotate models and datasets using standard ontologies, and to compose and execute workflows of models that span climate, hydrology, agriculture, and economics. We are building on many previously existing tools, including CSDMS, BMI, GSN, WINGS, Pegasus, Karma, and GOPHER. Rapid model integration would enable efficient and comprehensive coupled human and natural system modeling.
Electronic word of mouth: antecedents and consequences (2015)

It is a well believed fact that the Word of Mouth marketing, is one of the most influential source for information transmission and dissemination, but the traditional WOM has a limited influence because of limited social contact boundaries. But the advancements in technology and proliferation of internet globally, facilitate consumers to share and exchange consumption related information which has a significant impact on their buying behaviors. Electronic word of mouth marketing, popularly called eWOM, has received significant attention from research scholars, academicians and practioners worldwide, who investigate and examine the effectiveness of eWOM communication. The growing interest in this area of research can be attributed to the increasing role and relevance of social media and its tools like blogs, discussion forums, online polls and surveys, feedback mechanisms, social networking sites(facebook, twitter) etc. Many studies have been conducted to look out for the factors that motivate people to share, talk and listen online. In this paper, a systematic review of literature on eWOM research has been done to identify the key antecedents and consequences of eWOM communication. The study has been conducted from the perspectives of two set of people-the senders of information and the receivers. A further attempt is made to explain the impact of eWOM communication on consumers’ behavior and implications for managers and firms. It is believed that the framework will provide an important foundation for future researches and related works to eWOM.
GAMS: An Integrated Media Controller System (1992)

Over at least the past century, experimenters have explored alternative methods of allowing human gestures to control and generate art in various media. Most of these endeavors favored a specific art form. Within music, devices such as the Theremin (Rhea 1989), the Oculus Ranae (Collinge and Parkinson 1988), and The Hands (Waisvisz 1985) have been produced in attempts to map human gestures onto both the control and generation of sound. These control mechanisms are far different from traditional musical instruments. The Gesture and Media System (GAMS) is a further evolution in this area of alternative transduction. It is a sonar-based sensing system which allows the three-dimensional position of a performer to be sampled at a rate that can range from a few to several hundred Hertz. The sense-to-reaction delay is about 30 msec in a performance space 20 feet on a side. Positional accuracy can be traded off with sampling rate; the worst case is approximately plus or minus 3 inches while the best case is approximately plus one-eighth of an inch. The system allows for nine physical control parameters-the performer's position, velocity, and acceleration in each of the three spatial dimensions-to be mapped to any MIDI-controllable sound or vision parameters desired. This allows a performer to have control over the generation and expression of information from several media at once, allowing for the control of media performance in a truly integrated manner. The current GAMS system grew out of a 1988 Canada Council Explorations grant for the construction of a system that would allow a performer to control MIDI instruments by gestures in a threedimensional performance space. During the field testing of this prototype, it was realized that the true strength of this instrument lay in its potential to control several media at once through one performance interface. GAMS Hardware
Instance Segmentation by Deep Coloring (2018)

We propose a new and, arguably, a very simple reduction of instance segmentation to semantic segmentation. This reduction allows to train feed-forward non-recurrent deep instance segmentation systems in an end-to-end fashion using architectures that have been proposed for semantic segmentation. Our approach proceeds by introducing a fixed number of labels (colors) and then dynamically assigning object instances to those labels during training (coloring). A standard semantic segmentation objective is then used to train a network that can color previously unseen images. At test time, individual object instances can be recovered from the output of the trained convolutional network using simple connected component analysis. In the experimental validation, the coloring approach is shown to be capable of solving diverse instance segmentation tasks arising in autonomous driving (the Cityscapes benchmark), plant phenotyping (the CVPPP leaf segmentation challenge), and high-throughput microscopy image analysis. The source code is publicly available: https://github.com/kulikovv/DeepColoring.