gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuropilin-1 is required for vascular development and is a mediator of VEGF-dependent angiogenesis in zebrafish (2002)

Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a cell-surface receptor for both vascular endothelial growth factor(165) (VEGF(165)) and class 3 semaphorins that is expressed by neurons and endothelial cells. NRP1 is required for normal developmental angiogenesis in mice. The zebrafish is an excellent system for analyzing vascular development. Zebrafish intersegmental vessels correspond to mammalian capillary sprouts, whereas the axial vessels correspond to larger blood vessels, such as arteries. The zebrafish NRP1 gene (znrp1) was isolated and when overexpressed in cells, zNRP1 protein was a functional receptor for human VEGF(165). Whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that transcripts for znrp1 during embryonic and early larval development were detected mainly in neuronal and vascular tissues. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of zNRP1 in embryos resulted in vascular defects, most notably impaired circulation in the intersegmental vessels. Circulation via trunk axial vessels was not affected. Embryos treated with VEGF receptor-2 kinase inhibitor had a similar intersegmental vessel defect suggesting that knockdown of zNRP1 reduces VEGF activity. To determine whether NRP1 and VEGF activities were interdependent in vivo, zNRP1 and VEGF morpholinos were coinjected into embryos at concentrations that individually did not significantly inhibit blood vessel development. The result was a potent inhibition of blood cell circulation via both intersegmental and axial vessels demonstrating that VEGF and NRP1 act synergistically to promote a functional circulatory system. These results provide the first physiological demonstration that NRP1 regulates angiogenesis through a VEGF-dependent pathway.
A new low resistance shallow junction formation method using lateral diffusion through silicide (1983)

A new low resistance shallow junction formation method is described. The new method utilizes extensive dopants lateral diffusion through a metal silicide layer formed between a silicon substrate and an insulating film. This technology enables reversing the process sequence between doping and insulating film deposition, i.e., it enables a doping process after insulating film deposition. MOSFETs with Mo-silicided source/drain and gate and Mo-silicided n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -p junction diodes were fabricated as device application demonstrations of the new technology.
Sensitive Light Scattering as a Semiquantitative Method for Studying Photoresist Stripping (1995)

Sensitive light scattering measurements are used to quantify the amount of residues after photoresist stripping on different substrates. The high sensitivity of this technique provides unique information regarding the efficiency of several stripping procedures by identifying photoresist traces that could not be easily detected by other methods. The proposed procedure permits the optimization of photoresist contamination removal steps like dry and wet stripping on a quantitative basis.
Stable Borate-Bridged <i>ansa</i>-Zirconocene Complexes. Preparation and X-ray Crystallographic Characterization of [Cp*<sub>2</sub>Al]<sup>+</sup>[Me(Ph)B(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup> and [PPN]<sup>+</sup>[Cl(Ph)B(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup> (1999)

The title complexes are stable, borate-bridged ansa-zirconocene species which have been prepared by reacting [{Ph(SMe2)B(η5-C5H4)2}ZrCl2] (1) with Cp*2AlMe and [PPN]Cl. Their molecular structures were determined by X-ray diffraction. Noteworthy are the stabilities of the borate−cyclopentadienyl linkages and the enhanced Lewis acidity of the boron within its strained ansa position.
A Novel Five-Photo-Mask Low-Temperature Polycrystalline-Silicon CMOS Structure With Improved Contact Resistance (2008)

In this letter, a novel five-mask low-temperature polycrystalline-silicon (LTPS) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) structure was proposed to improve cost competitiveness of CMOS products on the market and was verified by manufacturing test samples using the five-mask LTPS CMOS process. Selective contact-barrier-metal formation process was first introduced to solve the high-contact-resistance problem encountered between indium-tin-oxide and doped poly-Si source/drain. The five-mask CMOS devices showed comparable device performances to CMOS devices with conventional structure, i.e., 1.32 V of threshold voltage and 267.6 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vmiddots of maximum field-effect mobility for NMOS, and those of -1.24 V and 125.2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vmiddots for PMOS, respectively.
Comparison between three‐dimensional placental volume at 12 weeks and uterine artery impedance/notching at 22 weeks in screening for pregnancy‐induced hypertension, pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction in a low‐risk population (2006)

PQ at 12 weeks and uterine artery Doppler at 22 weeks have similar sensitivities for predicting pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction, although uterine artery Doppler is marginally more sensitive for the prediction of pre-eclampsia. While both methods are insufficient for screening in a low-risk population, the PQ method has the potential advantage of being performed in the first trimester.
Initialization Strategies and Diversity in Evolutionary Timetabling (1998)

This document seeks to provide a scientific basis by which different initialization algorithms for evolutionary timetabling may be compared. Seeding the initial population may be used to improve initial quality and provide a better starting point for the evolutionary algorithm. This must be tempered against the consideration that if the seeding algorithm produces very similar solutions, then the loss of genetic diversity may well lead to a worse final solution. Diversity, we hope, provides a good indication of how good the final solution will be, although only by running the evolutionary algorithm will the exact result be found. We will investigate the effects of heuristic seeding by taking quality and diversity measures of populations generated by heuristic initialization methods on both random and real-life data, as well as assessing the long-term performance of an evolutionary algorithm (found to work well on the timetabling problem) when using heuristic initialization. This will show how the use of heuristic initialization strategies can substantially improve the performance of evolutionary algorithms for the timetabling problem.
Inhalable Microorganisms in Beijing’s PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> Pollutants during a Severe Smog Event (2014)

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution poses a formidable public health threat to the city of Beijing. Among the various hazards of PM pollutants, microorganisms in PM2.5 and PM10 are thought to be responsible for various allergies and for the spread of respiratory diseases. While the physical and chemical properties of PM pollutants have been extensively studied, much less is known about the inhalable microorganisms. Most existing data on airborne microbial communities using 16S or 18S rRNA gene sequencing to categorize bacteria or fungi into the family or genus levels do not provide information on their allergenic and pathogenic potentials. Here we employed metagenomic methods to analyze the microbial composition of Beijing's PM pollutants during a severe January smog event. We show that with sufficient sequencing depth, airborne microbes including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and dsDNA viruses can be identified at the species level. Our results suggested that the majority of the inhalable microorganisms were soil-associated and nonpathogenic to human. Nevertheless, the sequences of several respiratory microbial allergens and pathogens were identified and their relative abundance appeared to have increased with increased concentrations of PM pollution. Our findings may serve as an important reference for environmental scientists, health workers, and city planners.
Performance of transform-domain LMS adaptive digital filters (1986)

In this paper we analyze the performance, particularly the convergence behavior, of the transform-domain least mean-square (LMS) adaptive digital filter (ADF) using the discrete Fourier transform and discrete orthogonal transforms such as discrete cosine and sine transforms. We first obtain the optimum Wiener solution and the minimum mean-squared error (MSE) in the transform domain. It is shown that the two minimum MSE's in the time and transform domains are identical independently of the transforms used. We then study the convergence conditions and the steady-state excess MSE's of the transform-domain LMS (TRLMS) algorithms both for the cases of having a constant and a time-varying convergence factors. When a constant convergence factor is used, the convergence behaviors of the LMS and TRLMS ADF's appear to be almost identical, provided that each has an appropriate value of the convergence factor depending on the transform used. Also, based on the concept of a self-orthogonalizing algorithm in the transform domain, it is shown that the convergence speed of the TRLMS ADF can be improved significantly for the same excess MSE as that of the LMS ADF. In addition, we compare the computational complexities of the LMS and TRLMS ADF'S. Finally, we investigate by computer simulation the effects of system parameter values and different transforms on the convergence behavior of the TRLMS ADF.
Surface modification of indium tin oxide by plasma treatment: An effective method to improve the efficiency, brightness, and reliability of organic light emitting devices (1997)

We demonstrate the improvement of an indium tin oxide anode contact to an organic light emitting device via oxygen plasma treatment. Enhanced hole-injection efficiency improves dramatically the performance of single-layer doped-polymer devices: the drive voltage drops from &gt;20 to &lt;10 V, the external electroluminescence quantum efficiency (backside emission only) increases by a factor of 4 (from 0.28% to 1%), a much higher drive current can be applied to achieve a much higher brightness (maximum brightness ∼10,000 cd/m2 at 1000 mA/cm2), and the forward-to-reverse bias rectification ratio increases by orders of magnitude (from 102 to 106–107). The lifetime of the device is also enhanced by two orders of magnitude.
Data types, parameters and type checking (1980)

In statically typed programming languages, each variable and expression in a program is assigned a unique "type" and the program is checked to ensure that the arguments in each application are "type-compatible" with the corresponding parameters. The rules by which this "type-checking" is performed must be carefully considered for modern languages that allow the programmer to define his own data types and allow parameterized types or types as parameters. (Such languages include Alphard [Wulf78], CLU [Liskov77], Euclid [Lampson77] and Russell [Demers79].) These features increase the expressive power of the languages, but also increase the difficulty of type-checking them.In this paper, we describe a treatment of type-checking that makes it possible to do completely static checking with a general parameterization mechanism allowing parameterized types, types as parameters, and even a disciplined form of self-application. Our method defines a calculus of "signatures," where signatures are similar to the "program types" of [Reynolds78]. Each identifier and expression is given a signature, and applications are type-correct when argument and parameter signatures are equivalent under a simple set of signature transformation rules. Below we present the signature calculus of Russell; we also present a semantic justification of this calculus and specify the language constraints necessary for us to justify our purely static approach to type-checking.
Non-destructive quality evaluation in spice industry with specific reference To Cuminum cyminum L (cumin) seeds (2009)

The Indian spice industry by and large is primitive yet. Screen cleaner and dust removing are the only operations which are being done alone in the industry. Quality assessment of spices is a very big challenge since time immemorial. In addition to inherent and hygienic features quality depends on its physical appearance, moisture content, composition which may be reflected by taste and smell too. Human sensory panel generally assess quality and such process is time consuming, unreliable and non reproducible. There is a need for some non invasive quality testing methodologies. This paper proposes a new method for counting the number of Cuminum cyminum L (cumin seeds) with long pedestals as well as foreign elements using machine vision non destructive technique based on combined measurements.
Molecular Associations between Montmorillonite and Some Polyfunctional Organic Liquids<sup>1</sup> (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Associations between Montmorillonite and Some Polyfunctional Organic Liquids1W. F. BradleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 6, 975–981Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01222a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01222a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and β‐conformation of sequential polypeptides containing arginine, histidine, and leucine (1984)

Abstract Alternating poly(Arg‐Leu) and copolypeptides with Arg‐Leu and His‐Leu sequences were prepared by condensation of the corresponding p ‐nitrophenyl dipeptide esters in the presence of 1‐hydroxybenzotriazole. Arginine was used without any protection and histidine side chains were protected using π‐benzyloxymethyl group recently introduced in peptide chemistry. The ability of these polypeptides with alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues to form water‐soluble β‐sheets was investigated by CD.
Architecture and protocols for IN/Internet interworking (2002)

Following an introduction to the technical background, and service classes, the paper proposes an enhanced distributed functional plane (DFP) architecture to support IN/Internet interworking. The architecture features a three-layer interworking: network layer, service layer and management layer. It enlarges the service scope of PINT (PSTN/Internet interworking), covering also Internet telephony. Signalling information flow for an example service is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed architecture. Finally a discussion is devoted to VoIP techniques, including the appropriate protocol stack, call control mechanism, speech compression algorithm, and DTMF signal detection.
Introduction to Infrared and Electro-Optical Systems (1998)

Introduction. Mathematics. Linear Shift Invariant I2R and EO Systems. Diffraction. Sources of Radiation. Atmospherics. Optics. Detectors and Scanners. Electronics. Displays, Human Perception, and ATRs. Infrared Systems. Electro-Optical Systems. Sensor Design Considerations.
Superoxide Anion and Hydroxyl Radical Release by Collagen-induced Platelet Aggregation - Role of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism (2000)

Previous study demonstrated that platelets undergoing anoxia-reoxygenation generate superoxide anion (O2-) and hydroxyl radical (OH ) which in turn contribute to activate arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. However it has not been clarified if oxygen free radicals (OFRs) are also generated when platelets are aggregated by common agonists. We used two probes, i.e. lucigenin and salicylic acid (SA), to measure platelet release of O2- and OH(0), respectively. Among the agonists used, such as ADP, thrombin and collagen, the release of O2- and OH was observed mainly when platelets were stimulated with collagen. Such release was inhibited in platelets pre-treated by aspirin suggesting that AA metabolism was the main source of O2- and OH(0) formation. To further analyze this relationship, O2- and OH(0) formation was measured during AA-stimulated platelet aggregation (PA); we observed that O2- and OH(0) release were dependent upon AA concentration. Furthermore, we found that the incubation of platelets with AACOCF3, a potent inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2, inhibited collagen-induced platelet O2- and OH(0) release. The incubation of platelets with salicylic acid or ascorbic acid, which blunt OH and O2- respectively, inhibited both collagen-induced platelet aggregation and AA-release. This study demonstrated that collagen-induced platelet aggregation is associated with O2- and OH formation, which is dependent upon AA release and metabolism.
(Under)mining Privacy in Social Networks (2009)

Social networking sites like Facebook or MySpace allow users to keep in touch with their friends, communicate and share content with them, as well as engage in other multiuser applications. What distinguishes such sites from
Templated Nanocarbons for Energy Storage (2012)

The template carbonization method is a powerful tool for producing carbon materials with precisely controlled structures at the nanometer level. The resulting templated nanocarbons exhibit extraordinarily unique (often ordered) structures that could never be produced by any of the conventional methods for carbon production. This review summarizes recent publications about templated nanocarbons and their composites used for energy storage applications, including hydrogen storage, electrochemical capacitors, and lithium-ion batteries. The main objective of this review is to clarify the true significance of the templated nanocarbons for each application. For this purpose, the performance characteristics of almost all templated nanocarbons reported thus far are listed and compared with those of conventional materials, so that the advantages/disadvantages of the templated nanocarbons are elucidated. From the practical point of view, the high production cost and poor mass-producibility of the templated nanocarbons make them rather difficult to utilize; however, the study of their unique, specific, and ordered structures enables a deeper insight into energy storage mechanisms and the guidelines for developing energy storage materials. Thus, another important purpose of this work is to establish such general guidelines and to propose future strategies for the production of carbon materials with improved performance for energy storage applications.
Ultracapacitor technologies and application in hybrid and electric vehicles (2009)

This paper focuses on ultracapacitors (electrochemical capacitors) as energy storage in vehicle applications and thus evaluates the present state-of-the-art of ultracapacitor technologies and their suitability for use in electric and hybrid drivelines of various types of vehicles. A key consideration in determining the applicability of ultracapacitors for a particular vehicle application is the proper assessment of the energy storage and power requirements. For hybrid–electric vehicles, the key issues are the useable energy requirement and the maximum pulse power at high efficiency. For a Prius size vehicle, if the useable energy storage is about 125 Wh and needed efficiency is 90–95%, analysis shown in this paper indicate that vehicles can be designed using carbon ultracapacitors (both carbon/carbon and hybrid carbon) that yield high fuel economy improvements for all driving cycles and the cost of the ultracapacitors can be competitive with lithium-ion batteries for high volume production and carbon prices of less than $20 kg−1. The use of carbon/carbon devices in micro-hybrids is particularly attractive for a control strategy (sawtooth) that permits engine operation near its maximum efficiency using only a 6 kW electric motor. Vehicle projects in transit buses and passenger cars have shown that ultracapacitors have functioned as expected and significant fuel economy improvements have been achieved that are higher than would have been possible using batteries because of the higher round-trip efficiencies of the ultracapacitors. Ultracapacitors have particular advantages for use in fuel cell powered vehicles in which it is likely they can be used without interface electronics. Development of hybrid carbon devices is continuing showing energy densities of 12 Wh kg−1 and a high efficiency power density of about 1000 W kg−1. Vehicle simulations using those devices have shown that increased power capability in such devices is needed before full advantage can be taken of their increased energy density compared with carbon/carbon devices in some vehicle applications. Energy storage system considerations indicate that combinations of ultracapacitors and advanced batteries (Wh kg−1>200) are likely to prove advantageous in the future as such batteries are developed. This is likely to be the case in plug-in hybrids with high-power electric motors for which it may be difficult to limit the size and weight of the energy storage unit even using advanced batteries. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
G Protein-Coupled Receptor 119 (GPR119) Agonists for the Treatment of Diabetes: Recent Progress and Prevailing Challenges (2015)

In this Perspective, recent advances and challenges in the development of GPR119 agonists as new oral antidiabetic drugs will be discussed. Such agonists are expected to exhibit a low risk to induce hypoglycemia as well as to have a beneficial impact on body weight. Many pharmaceutical companies have been active in the search for GPR119 agonists, making it a highly competitive area in the industrial environment. Several GPR119 agonists have been entered into clinical studies, but many have failed either in phase I or II and none has progressed beyond phase II. Herein we describe the strategies chosen by the different medicinal chemistry teams in academia and the pharmaceutical industry to improve potency, physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and the safety profile of GPR119 agonists in the discovery phase in order to improve the odds for successful development.