gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synchronizing the Linux system time to a PTP hardware clock (2011)

As computer and embedded systems are becoming more complex and distributed, keeping accurate time throughout the whole system becomes a challenging task. The IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol was designed to achieve very accurate synchronization in distributed environments. Linux is becoming the leading operating system for embedded devices, but little attention has been paid to the issue of how to internally synchronize the Linux system clock with the PTP hardware clock. Our paper presents the current status in this area, highlights possible solutions for this problem, and describes our efforts to address this key issue.
Lead diffusion and segregation in Pb-Doped Bi-2223 superconductors (1996)

The isothermal annealing behavior of the Pb-doped BPSCCO 2223 superconductor in ambient oxygen at various temperatures (650 to 800°C) is studied systematically by in-situ resistivity measurement, thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscope observation (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). It is found that upon annealing under oxidizing conditions a Ca2PbO4-like phase is formed, the sample weight and resistivity increase, and the modulated structure is changed from Pb-type to Bi-type gradually. Based on these experimental results, a two-dimensinal diffusion model of Pb2+ in Bi2O2 planes is proposed, and the activation energy for Pb2+ diffusion is determined to be 1.47 eV.
Antithrombin effects on endotoxin-induced microcirculatory disorders are mediated mainly by its interaction with microvascular endothelium (2002)

We conclude that specific antithrombin III interactions with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans on the endothelium rather than anticoagulant properties are the mechanism of antithrombin III-mediated attenuation of leukocyte/endothelial cell interaction and capillary perfusion failure.
Secure and Trustable Electronic Medical Records Sharing using Blockchain (2017)

Electronic medical records (EMRs) are critical, highly sensitive private information in healthcare, and need to be frequently shared among peers. Blockchain provides a shared, immutable and transparent history of all the transactions to build applications with trust, accountability and transparency. This provides a unique opportunity to develop a secure and trustable EMR data management and sharing system using blockchain. In this paper, we present our perspectives on blockchain based healthcare data management, in particular, for EMR data sharing between healthcare providers and for research studies. We propose a framework on managing and sharing EMR data for cancer patient care. In collaboration with Stony Brook University Hospital, we implemented our framework in a prototype that ensures privacy, security, availability, and fine-grained access control over EMR data. The proposed work can significantly reduce the turnaround time for EMR sharing, improve decision making for medical care, and reduce the overall cost
Cell migration as a five-step cycle. (1999)

The migration of cells over substrata is a fundamental and critical function that requires the co-ordination of several cellular processes which operate in a cycle. At the level of the light microscope, the cycle can be divided into five steps: (1) extension of the leading edge; (2) adhesion to matrix contacts; (3) contraction of the cytoplasm; (4) release from contact sites; and (5) recycling of membrane receptors from the rear to the front of the cell. Each step is dependent upon one or more cyclical biochemical processes. The development of many in vitro and subcellular assays for the fundamental biochemical processes involved has increased our understanding of each cycle dramatically in the last several years to include a definition of many of the protein and enzymic components, the role of the position of extracellular-matrix receptors on the cell, and the contribution of physical force. The next generation of questions are directed at resolving the roles of the many individual proteins in each step of the cell migration process. In this chapter we will examine each of the migration steps and discuss the biochemical mechanisms that may underlie them.
Acrolein is a major cigarette-related lung cancer agent: Preferential binding at <i>p53</i> mutational hotspots and inhibition of DNA repair (2006)

The tumor suppressor gene p53 is frequently mutated in cigarette smoke (CS)-related lung cancer. The p53 binding pattern of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in CS coincides with the p53 mutational pattern found in lung cancer, and PAHs have thus been considered to be major culprits for lung cancer. However, compared with other carcinogenic compounds, such as aldehydes, the amount of PAHs in CS is minute. Acrolein (Acr) is abundant in CS, and it can directly adduct DNA. Acr-DNA adducts, similar to PAH-DNA adducts, induce predominantly G-to-T transversions in human cells. These findings raise the question of whether Acr-DNA adducts are responsible for p53 mutations in CS-related lung cancer. To determine the role of Acr-DNA adducts in p53 mutagenesis in CS-related lung cancer we mapped the distribution of Acr-DNA adducts at the sequence level in the p53 gene of lung cells using the UvrABC incision method in combination with ligation-mediated PCR. We found that the Acr-DNA binding pattern is similar to the p53 mutational pattern in human lung cancer. Acr preferentially binds at CpG sites, and this enhancement of binding is due to cytosine methylation at these sequences. Furthermore, we found that Acr can greatly reduce the DNA repair capacity for damage induced by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide. Together these results suggest that Acr is a major etiological agent for CS-related lung cancer and that it contributes to lung carcinogenesis through two detrimental effects: DNA damage and inhibition of DNA repair.
Inclusion body myopathy and Paget disease is linked to a novel mutation in the <i>VCP</i> gene (2005)

Mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) on chromosome 9p13-p12 were recently found to be associated with hereditary inclusion body myopathy, Paget disease of the bone, and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). We identified a novel missense mutation in the VCP gene (R159H; 688G>A) segregating with this disease in an Austrian family of four affected siblings, who exhibited progressive proximal myopathy and Paget disease of the bone but without clinical signs of dementia.
HER2-signaling pathway, JNK and ERKs kinases, and cancer stem-like cells are targets of Bozepinib (2014)

Identification of novel anticancer drugs presenting more than one molecular target and efficacy against cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) subpopulations represents a therapeutic need to combat the resistance and the high risk of relapse in patients. In the present work we show how Bozepinib [(RS)-2,6-dichloro-9-[1-(p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-9H-purine], a small anti-tumor compound, demonstrated selectivity on cancer cells and showed an inhibitory effect over kinases involved in carcinogenesis, proliferation and angiogenesis. The cytotoxic effects of Bozepinib were observed in both breast and colon cancer cells expressing different receptor patterns. Bozepinib inhibited HER-2 signaling pathway and JNK and ERKs kinases. In addition, Bozepinib has an inhibitory effect on AKT and VEGF together with anti-angiogenic and anti-migratory activities. Moreover, the modulation of pathways involved in tumorigenesis by Bozepinib was also evident in microarrays analysis. Interestingly, Bozepinib inhibited both mamo- and colono-spheres formation and eliminated ALDH+ CSCs subpopulations at a low micromolar range similar to Salinomycin. Bozepinib induced the down-regulation of c-MYC, β-CATENIN and SOX2 proteins and the up-regulation of the GLI-3 hedgehog-signaling repressor. Finally, Bozepinib shows in vivo anti-tumor and anti-metastatic efficacy in xenotransplanted nude mice without presenting sub-acute toxicity. These findings support further studies on the therapeutic potential of Bozepinib in cancer patients.
Human defensin 5 is stored in precursor form in normal Paneth cells and is expressed by some villous epithelial cells and by metaplastic Paneth cells in the colon in inflammatory bowel disease (2001)

(i) HD-5 is present only in the precursor form in normal terminal ileal Paneth cells and is processed to the mature form during and/or after secretion, (ii) some villous epithelial cells express HD-5, and (iii) HD-5 is expressed by metaplastic Paneth cells in the colon in IBD.
A digital receiver for demodulation of CDMA waveforms with a-priori unknown delays and amplitudes (2002)

A digital receiver is presented which provides near-optimum demodulation of code division multiple access (CDMA) waveforms, with simultaneous tracking of amplitudes and delays. It is shown that a CDMA waveform is equivalent to an M-ary symbol sequence, with intersymbol interference of no more than one duration. Thus, the individual users can be jointly demodulated using the Viterbi algorithm (VA), when the amplitudes and delays are known a priori. A modified VA is developed under the assumptions that the amplitudes are unknown, and the delay estimates initialized to within half a chip. The branch metrics of the VA are approximately given by the innovations likelihoods of a bank of extended Kalman filters (EKSs). Each EKF provides an estimate of the CDMA amplitudes and delays, conditioned on a particular survivor sequence. Thus, for binary modulation and N users, 2/sup N/ EKFs and nodes in the VA trellis are required, with 2/sup N/ branches from each node. Simulation results are presented which demonstrate that the algorithm successfully estimates delays and amplitudes, given suitable initialization of the CDMA delay estimates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-Accuracy 3-D Modeling of Cultural Heritage: The Digitizing of Donatello's “Maddalena” (2004)

Three-dimensional digital modeling of Heritage works of art through optical scanners, has been demonstrated in recent years with results of exceptional interest. However, the routine application of three-dimensional (3-D) modeling to Heritage conservation still requires the systematic investigation of a number of technical problems. In this paper, the acquisition process of the 3-D digital model of the Maddalena by Donatello, a wooden statue representing one of the major masterpieces of the Italian Renaissance which was swept away by the Florence flood of 1966 and successively restored, is described. The paper reports all the steps of the acquisition procedure, from the project planning to the solution of the various problems due to range camera calibration and to material non optically cooperative. Since the scientific focus is centered on the 3-D model overall dimensional accuracy, a methodology for its quality control is described. Such control has demonstrated how, in some situations, the ICP-based alignment can lead to incorrect results. To circumvent this difficulty we propose an alignment technique based on the fusion of ICP with close-range digital photogrammetry and a non-invasive procedure in order to generate a final accurate model. In the end detailed results are presented, demonstrating the improvement of the final model, and how the proposed sensor fusion ensure a pre-specified level of accuracy.
Schizophrenia: a review. (2007)

Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness that affects 1 percent of the population in all cultures. It affects equal numbers of men and women, but the onset is often later in women than in men. Schizophrenia is characterized by positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms include hallucinations, voices that converse with or about the patient, and delusions that are often paranoid. Negative symptoms include flattened affect, loss of a sense of pleasure, loss of will or drive, and social withdrawal. Both types of symptoms affect patients' families; therefore, it is important for physicians to provide guidance to all persons affected by the disease. Psychosocial and family interventions can improve outcomes. Medications can control symptoms, but virtually all antipsychotics have neurologic or physical side effects (e.g., weight gain, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes). There is a 10 percent lifetime risk of suicide in patients with schizophrenia.
Downregulation of CXCR4 Gene Expression in Primary Human Endothelial Cells Following Infection with E1−E4+ Adenovirus Gene Transfer Vectors (2000)

Infection of human endothelial cells with first-generation E1(-)E4(+) adenovirus (Ad) vectors leads to prolonged cell survival and changes in the cell phenotype to a more quiescent stage. Based on the concept that the CXCR4, the receptor for the endothelial chemoattractant stromal-derived factor-&alpha (SDF-alpha), is constitutively expressed by quiescent, resting endothelial cells, the present study analyzes the effect of Ad vector infection on CXCR4 expression and SDF-alpha responses of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). CXCR4 transcripts were markedly downregulated in E1(-)E4(+) Ad-infected cells 48 h following infection, but not in uninfected control cells or when the cells were infected with an E1(-)E4(-) Ad vector. Analysis of surface CXCR4 expression by flow cytometry demonstrated marked reduction of the CXCR4 receptor on cells infected with E1(-)E4(+) Ad compared to uninfected control cells or E1(-)E4(-) Ad-infected cells. Infection of other cell types which express CXCR4, such as dendritic cells and myeloma cells, did not exhibit CXCR4 receptor downregulation following infection with E1(-)E4(+) Ad. Consistent with the observed downregulation of CXCR4 mRNA and surface protein, infection of the endothelial cells with an E1(-)E4(+) Ad rendered the cells unresponsive to the chemoattractant SDF-alpha compared to naive or E1(-)E4(-) Ad-infected cells. Together, the data suggest that first-generation Ad vectors, likely the E4 region, modify the ability of endothelial cells to respond to at least one important chemoattractant.
Wireless CATV network access for personal communications using simulcasting (1994)

Existing cable television (CATV) networks are proposed as a means to interconnect wireless terminals to terrestrial networks and services. Discrete antennas, each controlled by a remote antenna driver (RAD), are separated by 250 m along a cable to provide wireless access. RAD's transceive as a group on any active channel, and are controlled by a remote antenna signal processor (RASP) which interconnects to the public switched telephone network, or other broad-band network. Simulcast interference caused by transmissions involving the RAD's is analyzed. It is determined that communication is feasible, even in the simulcast interference zone, provided the time delay difference caused by differences in path length traveled by simulcast signals with comparable power levels is a small fraction of the signal pulse duration. Emphasis here is on the CT2 air interface with its 72 kb/s baud rate. The possible effects of cable transmission delay on the time-division duplex (TDD) transmission algorithm are considered. Some discussion involving communications through walls or around obstructions is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sociability and Positive Emotionality: Genetic and Environmental Contributions to the Covariation Between Different Facets of Extraversion (2003)

The relation between sociability and positive affect is one of the most often replicated results of research on personality and subjective well-being. It is shown how behavior genetics can contribute to our understanding of the covariance between sociability and positive emotionality. The results of a multimethod behavior-genetic study with 158 monozygotic and 120 dizygotic twins are reported. In this study, sociability and two components of positive emotionality (positive affect, energy) were assessed by self-report and other report. Additionally, positive state affect was assessed in five situations and aggregated across situations. The results showed that there are strong genetic correlations between all variables. Furthermore, there are substantive correlations between the nonshared environmental components of the different variables. Shared environmental influences, however, seemed to be unimportant for explaining the correlations between sociability and the different components of positive emotionality. The results are discussed with respect to their implications for future research on sociability and positive emotionality.
Revisited Physicochemical and Transport Properties of Respiratory Mucus in Genotyped Cystic Fibrosis Patients (1997)

We investigated the physicochemical and transport properties of sputum samples collected in physiotherapy from a well-documented group of 27 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with identified CF genotypes. Sputum samples were characterized ex vivo for their water content, surface properties (surface tension and contact angle), rheologic properties (viscosity and elastic modulus), and transport properties (mucociliary and cough transport). These data were analyzed in relation to the clinical status of the patients (FEV1, FVC, Shwachman score, Brasfield score, nutritional status), their genotype, and the degree of infection of their sputa (leukocyte and Pseudomonas aeruginosa counts). We observed negative and significant correlations between mucociliary transport and elastic modulus of the patients' sputum (r = -0.63, p < 0.01), and between the cough transport and contact angle of the sputum (r = -0.81, p < 0.0001), respectively. The P. aeruginosa count was also significantly correlated with the sputum water content (r = -0.53, p < 0.02) as well as with the cough transport of the sputum (r = -0.62, p < 0.01). In CF patients with a sputum leukocyte count > 2,000/mm3, the sputum water content (p < 0.02), FEV1 (p < 0.05) and FVC (p < 0.02) were significantly lower than those of CF patients with a leukocyte count < or = 2,000/mm3. CF patients with a homozygous delta F 508 genotype had significantly greater values of sputum water content (p < 0.05), and cough-transport capacity (p < 0.05) than did heterozygous patients. No correlation was observed between the sputum properties and any of the clinical data. These results suggest that the control of infection should be emphasized in CF, since it can directly or indirectly modulate the degree of hydration, and therefore the physicochemical and transport properties, of airway secretions.
Database monitoring index for adaptive soft sensors and the application to industrial process (2013)

In chemical plants, soft sensors are used to predict difficult‐to‐measure process variables. Soft sensor models must adapt to process changes by using new measured data. However, when a model is reconstructed with data that have low variation, the model cannot predict abrupt changes of process characteristics. The predictive performance of adaptive models depends on databases. We therefore propose an index to monitor database, that is, database monitoring index (DMI), and a database monitoring method using the DMI. The DMI is based on similarity between two data. The more similar two data are the smaller value the DMI has. New data are stored when the minimum DMI‐value of the data exceeds a threshold. Through the analysis of simulation data and real industrial data, we confirmed that databases can be appropriately managed and the predictive accuracy of adaptive soft sensor models increased by using the proposed method. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 60: 160–169, 2014
Memory Model Safety of Programs (2008)

Concurrency is pervasive in all systems software, including operat-ing systems, databases, and web servers. With the future hardware performance improvements coming mainly from additional paral-lelism in the hardware, system designers will be forced make their
A study on the VLSI implementation of ECC for embedded DRAM (2004)

ECC circuitry is an effective on-line method for increasing the reliability and fault tolerance of high density DRAM. Code length, code type and implementation method affect delay and area penalty due to ECC. Four SEC-DED Hsiao codes: (39,32), (72,64), (137,128) and (266,256), are investigated in this paper. We look at the effect of word length on P(error), and compare XOR-tree based and LUT-based implementations. Simulation results show that an LUT structure outperforms the XOR-tree structure in error-correction speed in most cases, although it usually generates a larger area penalty. Our results can be used as a guide for selecting the proper code and implementation method for use in error- corrected DRAM.
Accuracy of Noninvasive in vivo Measurements of Photosensitizer Uptake Based on a Diffusion Model of Reflectance Spectroscopy (1997)

This study compares the photosensitizer concentration measured noninvasively in vivo by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with the results of postmortem tissue solubilization and fluorometric assay. The reflectance spectrometer consists of a fiber optic surface probe, spectrometer and charge-coupled device (CCD) array detector. The surface probe has eight detection fibers separated from the light source fiber by distances ranging from 0.85 to 10 mm. The imaging spectrometer disperses the light from each detector fiber onto the two-dimensional CCD array, while maintaining spatial separation of each individual spectrum. A single exposure of the CCD therefore captures the reflectance spectrum ar eight distances and over a range of 300 nm. From the spectra, the tissue's optical scattering and absorption coefficients are determined using a diffusion model of light propagation. Changes in the tissue absorption are used to estimate the photosensitizer concentration. Normal New Zealand White rabbits were injected with aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4) and probe measurements made 24 h after injection on the dorsal skin, on muscle after surgically turning the skin back and on liver. For skin, the noninvasive estimate to proportional to the true concentration but low by a factor of 3. Based on Monte Carlo modeling of multilayered systems, this underestimate is attributed to the layered structure of the skin and nonuniform AlPcS4 distribution. A comparison of the noninvasive concentration estimates to the postmortem assay results finds good agreement for liver tissue even though application of the diffusion model is not strictly justified.