gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ethics of Accident-Algorithms for Self-Driving Cars: an Applied Trolley Problem? (2016)

Self-driving cars hold out the promise of being safer than manually driven cars. Yet they cannot be a 100 % safe. Collisions are sometimes unavoidable. So self-driving cars need to be programmed for how they should respond to scenarios where collisions are highly likely or unavoidable. The accident-scenarios self-driving cars might face have recently been likened to the key examples and dilemmas associated with the trolley problem. In this article, we critically examine this tempting analogy. We identify three important ways in which the ethics of accident-algorithms for self-driving cars and the philosophy of the trolley problem differ from each other. These concern: (i) the basic decision-making situation faced by those who decide how self-driving cars should be programmed to deal with accidents; (ii) moral and legal responsibility; and (iii) decision-making in the face of risks and uncertainty. In discussing these three areas of disanalogy, we isolate and identify a number of basic issues and complexities that arise within the ethics of the programming of self-driving cars.
High resolution electron backscatter diffraction with a field emission gun scanning electron microscope. (1999)

A scanning electron microscope with a thermal field emission gun (FEGSEM) is found to offer significant improvements in electron backscatter diffraction performance over a conventional W-filament scanning microscope. The spatial resolution is improved by a factor of approximately 3 in the FEGSEM and is optimized at probe currents of 50-300 nA and at 10-15 keV. The angular accuracy is optimized at probe currents above approximately 150 nA and at 30 keV.
Generation of Antisera to Mouse Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBP)-1 to -6: Comparison of IGFBP Protein and Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Localization in the Mouse Embryo<sup>1</sup> (1999)

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is an important regulator of fetal growth and differentiation. IGF bioavailability is modulated by IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). We have generated six different antisera, directed to synthetic peptide fragments of mouse IGFBP-1 through -6. The specificity of the produced antisera was demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and by immunohistochemistry on sections of mouse embryos of 13.5 days post coitum. Specificity for the IGFBP-2 through -6 antisera also was confirmed immunohistochemically in liver and lung of corresponding gene deletion (knock-out) mutant mice and wild-type litter mates. Immunohistochemistry and messenger RNA (mRNA) in situ hybridization on sections of mouse embryos of 13.5 days post coitum revealed tissue-specific expression patterns for the six IGFBPs. The only site of IGFBP-1 protein and mRNA production was the liver. IGFBP-2, -4, and -5 protein and mRNA were detected in various organs and tissues. IGFBP-3 and -6 protein and mRNA levels were low. In several tissues, such as lung, liver, kidney, and tongue, more than one IGFBP (protein and mRNA) could be detected. Differences between mRNA and protein localization were extensive for IGFBP-3, -5, and -6, suggesting that these IGFBPs are secreted and transported. These results confirm the different spatial localization of the IGFBPs, on the mRNA and protein level. The overlapping mRNA and protein localization for IGFBP-2 and -4, on the other hand, may indicate that these IGFBPs also function in an auto- or paracrine manner.
DEVELOPMENTS IN ISOLATED PANCREATIC ISLET TRANSPLANTATION (1987)

The Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford 0X3 9DU
Effect of Vibration Foam Rolling and Non-Vibration Foam Rolling in the Lower Extremities on Jump Height (2014)

The objective of this study was to investigate whether a vibration stimulus combined with foam rolling yields better power output in the lower extremities during a countermovement jump (CMJ), than a group who uses foam rolling without vibration compared to no warm-up. Eighteen female and male participants, EWU athletes volunteered for this study but three were unable to complete all testing. The design was a randomized cross-over design so all participants served as their own control by participating in all three interventions which consist of; (a) no-warm-up, (b) non-vibration foam rolling (FRNV), and (c) vibration foam rolling (FRV). Post-intervention measurements were compared for differences in anaerobic power assessed by a jump reach test using the Vertc. Each foam rolling session lasted six minutes on each leg with 90 seconds per muscle group. The muscles were foam rolled in a specific order starting with the hamstring, quadriceps gastrocnemius, and soleus. Three countermovement jumps (CMJ) were conducted to achieve maximal height. The highest max CMJ jump was used for data collection. Participants were tested with one day between sessions at the same time each day. A repeated measures ANOVA was calculated to compare the mean scores of no warm-up jump mean to FRNV and FRV jump height scores. No significant effect was found (F(2,28) = .669, p > .05) with all subjects included. Though the Shapiro Wilks test indicated a normal distribution, the population was small and the box plots showed three outliers. A second repeated measures ANOVA was then run with outliers removed to determine if significance would occur without extreme scores present, but the results were still non-significant (F(2,22) = 2.152, p > .05). In conclusion, the present study indicated that performing one and a half minutes of FRNV, FRV compared to no warm-up had a non-significant effect on jump height.
Assessment of the use of cryopreserved x freeze-dried amniotic membrane (AM) for reconstruction of ocular surface in rabbit model (2008)

The freeze-drying method seems to be a good option to preserve human amniotic membrane to be used in ocular surface reconstruction. This preservative method reduces the preservation costs and may enhance the use of AM, facilitating its storage and transport.
Simultaneous Identification of Aromatic and Aliphatic Low Molecular Weight Compounds from Alkaline Pulping Liquor by Capillary Gas-Liquid Chromatography — Mass Spectrometry (1986)

Article Simultaneous Identification of Aromatic and Aliphatic Low Molecular Weight Compounds from Alkaline Pulping Liquor by Capillary Gas-Liquid Chromatography — Mass Spectrometry was published on January 1, 1986 in the journal Holzforschung (volume 40, issue 6).
Transcriptional Coactivator PRIP, the Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (PPARγ)-interacting Protein, Is Required for PPARγ-mediated Adipogenesis (2003)

Nuclear receptor coactivator PRIP (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPARgamma)-interacting protein) appears to serve as a linker between cAMP response element-binding protein-binding protein (CBP/p300)anchored and PBP (PPARgamma-binding protein)-anchored coactivator complexes involved in the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors. Disruption of PRIP and PBP genes results in embryonic lethality between embryonic day 11.5 and 12.5 (postcoitum), indicating that PRIP and PBP are essential and nonredundant coactivators. Both PRIP and PBP were initially identified as PPARgamma coactivators, suggesting a role for these molecules in PPARgamma-induced adipogenesis. PBP-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts fail to exhibit PPARgamma-stimulated adipogenesis indicating that PBP is a downstream regulator of PPARgamma-mediated adipogenesis. We now show that PRIP-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts are also refractory to PPARgamma-stimulated adipogenesis and fail to express adipogenic marker aP2, a PPARgamma-responsive gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays reveal reduced association in PRIP-/- cells of PIMT (PRIP-binding protein) and PBP with aP2 gene promoter, suggesting that PRIP is required for the linking of CBP/p300-anchored cofactor complex with PBP-anchored mediator complex. These data indicate that PRIP, like PBP, is a downstream regulator of PPARgamma-mediated adipogenesis and that both these coactivators are required for the successful completion of adipogenic program.
High-Dynamic-Range Projector with Dual Modulation for Super Hi-Vision (2011)

We have developed a projector which can display high-resolution images of Super Hi-Vision (7680 x 4320pixels) and has a high dynamic range of 1.1 million to 1. This projector features a serial combination of two modulation blocks: the first for chrominance and the second for luminance. While a conventional projector has one modulation block that contains three devices to modulate red, green, and blue light, our projector has another modulation block that contains a device for luminance to further modulate the combined RGB modulated light. We measured some characteristics of the projector, which are modulation transfer function, dynamic range, and tone reproduction. We found that the projector can resolve Super Hi-Vision images and that it has an extremely high dynamic range and a fine 12-bit tone reproduction. We did two types of subjective evaluations with the projector to research the effect of the resolution of the chrominance component and that of the limited dynamic range of the display on the total image quality. The results of the first evaluation indicate viewers do not notice the image degradation when the resolution of the chrominance component is degraded to a half of that of the luminance component. The results of the second evaluation indicate the dynamic range of at least 1000:1 is necessary for displaying natural images and the dynamic range of about 30000:1 is necessary for displaying special images which have low average picture levels.
EMG-based human-machine interface system (2002)

The paper presents an electromyographic based (EMG based) human-machine interface system. To retain a constraint-free user environment, EMG sensing is limited to three arm muscles. EMG signals are processed to attain parameters that are related to the muscles' temporal activities. Using these parameters, a unique signature is constructed for each particular gesture. The problem of gesture classification is carried out in a framework of statistical pattern recognition. Experimental investigation was carried out to examine the system's reliability in recognizing 12 arm gestures. The results show that the system can recognize the 12 gestures with a success rate of 96%.
Innovative ICT Tools for Information Provision in Agricultural Extension (December 2005) (2006)

aAQUA is an online multilingual, multimedia agricultural portal for disseminating information from and to the grassroots of the Indian agricultural community. aAQUA simultaneously addresses two major challenges in farmer outreach programs - geographic reach and customized delivery. It answers farmers queries based on the location, season, crop and other information provided by farmers. aAQUA makes use of novel database systems and information retrieval techniques like intelligent caching, offline access with intermittent synchronization, semantic-based search, etc. Agricultural content repositories (digital library), Agri-price information (Bhav Puchiye), farmer schemes and various operations support databases (aAQUA-QoS) have also emerged from the experience of aAQUA deployments. aAQUA's large scale deployment provides avenues for researchers to contribute in the areas of knowledge management, cross-lingual information retrieval, and providing accessible content for rural populations. Apart from agriculture, aAQUA can be configured and customized for expert advice over mobile networks and the Internet in education, Healthcare and other domains of interest to a developing population. This paper will showcase the utility of various component databases built into aAQUA to enhance the QoS delivered to rural populations
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Oligonucleotide Analogues Derived from Serine and 4‐Hydroxyproline (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The aircraft movement simulation model (1983)

The following paragraphs describe a computer program for simulating the movements of aircraft on the apron, taxiways, and runways of an airport. The purpose of this program is to enable the airport planner to evaluate the performance of a given airport layout from an operational point of view. Likewise, he can compare alternative layouts, investigate the impact of a change in airport activity (flight schedule), or assess the impact of an unusual situation (closing of a runway). The inherent assumptions of the model are discussed, and the various output reports and graphics are illustrated and explained.
Cinnoline Chemistry. V. 4-Mercaptocinnolines and Related Compounds<sup>1,2</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCinnoline Chemistry. V. 4-Mercaptocinnolines and Related Compounds1,2RAYMOND N. CASTLE, HELEN WARD, NOEL WHITE, and KIKUO ADACHICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 4, 570–572Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01074a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01074a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Splicing enhances translation in mammalian cells: an additional function of the exon junction complex (2004)

In mammalian cells, spliced mRNAs yield greater quantities of protein per mRNA molecule than do otherwise identical mRNAs not made by splicing. This increased translational yield correlates with enhanced cytoplasmic polysome association of spliced mRNAs, and is attributable to deposition of exon junction complexes (EJCs). Translational stimulation can be replicated by tethering the EJC proteins Y14, Magoh, and RNPS1 or the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) factors Upf1, Upf2, and Upf3b to an intronless reporter mRNA. Thus, in addition to its previously characterized role in NMD, the EJC also promotes mRNA polysome association. Furthermore, the ability to stimulate translation when bound inside an open reading frame appears to be a general feature of factors required for NMD.
Putting it together (1998)

article Free Access Share on Putting it together: designs on Internet mail Author: Paul Hoffman Internet Mail Consortium Internet Mail ConsortiumView Profile Authors Info & Claims netWorkerVolume 2Issue 1Feb./March 1998 pp 19–23https://doi.org/10.1145/280437.280444Published:01 March 1998Publication History 1citation407DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads407Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Liquid spreading on superhydrophilic micropillar arrays (2011)

When a drop is deposited on a superhydrophilic micropillar array, the upper part of the drop (referred to as the bulk) collapses while the bottom part penetrates into the gaps of the array, forming a fringe film. Here we quantify the early stage dynamics of this process using a combination of experiment and theory. We show that the circular front of the fringe film spreads like t 1/2 , t being time, when coupled to the bulk flow. However, the film is found to advance like t 1/3 through faceted zippering in the absence of the bulk. We then show that the spreading of the bulk and the entire drop footprint follows a power law ( t 1/4 ) that is different from Washburn's law. This work can be a starting point to completely understand the spreading of liquids on superhydrophilic surfaces and opens questions specific to superwetting behaviour including the criteria to determine whether the fringe film will expand through lateral zipping or advance radially outwards.
Insulin as a Regulator of Androgen Biosynthesis by Cultured Rat Ovarian Cells: Cellular Mechanism(s) Underlying Physiological and Pharmacological Hormonal Actions* (1988)

It is the objective of the in vitro studies reported herein to further evaluate the role of insulin in the regulation of ovarian androgen biosynthesis, to assess its dose requirements, and to elucidate the cellular mechanism(s) underlying its high dose action. To this end, use was made of recently developed primary culture systems of ovarian androgen-producing cells, the differentiation of which is subject to regulation by gonadotropic and insulinotropic signaling. Treatment of collagenase-processed whole ovarian dispersates or highly enriched (greater than 90%) thecal-interstitial cells from immature rats with insulin (1 microgram/ml) or hCG (1 ng/ml), resulted in 1.5- and 2.6-fold increments in the accumulation of androsterone (3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-17-one), the main androgenic steroid identified in culture medium by HPLC. However, combined treatment with both agents unmasked a synergistic interaction resulting in 5.7-fold amplification of hCG action, the increase in androsterone accumulation representing enhanced biosynthesis rather than diminished degradation. Unaccounted for by cellular growth and independent of the cellular density of plating (1 X 10(4)-1 X 10(6) viable cells/culture) or the hCG dose (0.1-10 ng/ml) employed, the insulin effect proved time and dose dependent with a minimal time requirement of 72 h. [125I-TyrA14]Iodoinsulin binding to untreated highly enriched thecal-interstitial cells proved highly specific, saturable, and reversible, displaying a single class (Hill coefficient = 0.93 +/- 0.07) of high affinity (Kd = 1.7 X 10(-10) M), low capacity (4746 +/- 283 sites/cell) binding sites. Treatment with physiological concentrations (10 ng/ml) of insulin produced limited, albeit measureable, down-regulation of the insulin receptor. In contrast, provision of relatively high concentrations (1 microgram/ml) of insulin resulted (despite marked adsorption/degradation) in substantial (greater than 60%) down-regulation of the insulin receptor, but not the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor, the ligand of which has also been shown to amplify hCG-supported androgen biosynthesis. These findings suggest that the thecal-interstitial cell is a site of insulin reception and action, that physiological concentrations of insulin are capable of participating in the regulation of ovarian androgen biosynthesis, and that this effect is probably mediated via high affinity insulin receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Studies on adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor using isolated rat adrenocortical cells. (1978)

To clarify the function of ACTH receptors, the actions of ACTH on cyclic AMP formation, Ca2+-influx across cell membrane, and corticoidogenesis were examined using dispersed adrenocortical cells prepared from the rat adrenal gland. 1) There are two types of ACTH receptors from Scatchard analysis of 125I-ACTH1-24 binding to the cell, the one receptor is of high affinity and low capacity (dissociation constant (Kd1) = 2.6 x 10(-19) M and 7,350 sites per cell), and the other one is of low affinity and high capacity (dissociation constant (Kd2) = 7.1 x 10(-9)M and 57,400 sites per cell). 2) Both apparent dissociation constants derived from the effects of ACTH on corticoidogenesis and Ca2+ influx well correspond with Kd1 of the high affinity receptor, 3) Apparent dissociation constant obtained from the effect of ACTH on cyclic AMP formation is in good agreement with Kd2 of the low affinity receptor. Thus it could be deduced from these data that the high affinity receptor is concerned with an increased Ca2+-influx to regulate corticoidogenesis at physiological levels of ACTH, whereas the low affinity receptor is coupled to adenylate cyclase at supraphysiological concentrations of ACTH.
Global Problems as the Subject of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research (Some Results from the Study of the Global Processes of World Development) (1986)

(1986). Global Problems as the Subject of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research (Some Results from the Study of the Global Processes of World Development) Soviet Studies in Philosophy: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 4-30.
Use of Kubo formalism to study transport beyond the Born approximation: Application to low-temperature transport in Si metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (1998)

A formalism is developed to study transport in semiconductor devices under conditions where the Born approximation and independent scattering approximations break down. The approach based on the Kubo formalism is applied to Si metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) where interface roughness effects cause the approximations mentioned above to break down at low temperatures. Results presented are the outcome of a numerical method based on a three-dimensional approach to examine the interface roughness effects on the electronic spectrum as well as on the transport in the MOSFETs. The dependence of mobility on temperature and gate bias are reported and the shortcomings of the Born approximations are outlined. The approach is general and can be applied to problems where scattering is very strong and localization effects are significant, e.g., in amorphous semiconductor devices.
<i>N</i>-Sulfonylanthranilic Acid Derivatives as Allosteric Inhibitors of Dengue Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (2009)

A novel class of compounds containing N-sulfonylanthranilic acid was found to specifically inhibit dengue viral polymerase. The structural requirements for inhibition and a preliminary structure-activity relationship are described. A UV cross-linking experiment was used to map the allosteric binding site of the compound on the viral polymerase.