gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereochemistry of decarbalkoxylation of cyclic geminal diesters effected by water and lithium chloride in dimethyl sulfoxide (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of decarbalkoxylation of cyclic geminal diesters effected by water and lithium chloride in dimethyl sulfoxideA. Paul Krapcho and John F. WeimasterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 21, 4105–4111Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01309a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01309a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views943Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robust subspace recovery by geodesically convex optimization (2012)

We introduce Tyler's M-estimator to robustly recover the underlying linear model from a data set contaminated by outliers. We prove that the objective function of this estimator is geodesically convex on the manifold of all positive definite matrices and have a unique minimizer. Besides, we prove that when inliers (i.e., points that are not outliers) are sampled from a subspace and the percentage of outliers is bounded by some number, then under some very weak assumptions a commonly used algorithm of this estimator can recover the underlying subspace exactly. We also show that empirically this algorithm compares favorably with other convex algorithms of subspace recovery.
Modulation of Renal Disease in MRL/ <i>lpr</i> Mice Genetically Deficient in the Alternative Complement Pathway Factor B (2000)

In systemic lupus erythematosus, the renal deposition of complement-containing immune complexes initiates an inflammatory cascade resulting in glomerulonephritis. Activation of the classical complement pathway with deposition of C3 is pathogenic in lupus nephritis. Although the alternative complement pathway is activated in lupus nephritis, its role in disease pathogenesis is unknown. To determine the role of the alternative pathway in lupus nephritis, complement factor B-deficient mice were backcrossed to MRL/lpr mice. MRL/lpr mice develop a spontaneous lupus-like disease characterized by immune complex glomerulonephritis. We derived complement factor B wild-type (B+/+), homozygous knockout (B-/-), and heterozygous (B+/-) MRL/lpr mice. Compared with B+/- or B+/+ mice, MRL/lpr B-/- mice developed significantly less proteinuria, less glomerular IgG deposition, and decreased renal scores as well as lower IgG3 cryoglobulin production and vasculitis. Serum C3 levels were normal in the B-/- mice compared with significantly decreased levels in the other two groups. These results suggest that: 1) factor B plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in MRL/lpr mice; and 2) activation of the alternative pathway, either by the amplification loop or by IgA immune complexes, has a prominent effect on serum C3 levels in this lupus model.
Towards longwave (5–6 µm) LED operation at 80°C: injection or extraction of carriers? (2002)

Graded band gap InAsSb0.2P diodes have been grown by the LPE method onto an InAs substrate. Episide down bonded LEDs operated at 20–85°C at λ∼5–6 µm both at forward (positive luminescence, PL) and reverse (negative luminescence, NL) bias with NL efficiency as high as 0.9–0.4 and conversion efficiency ranging from 18 (20°C) to 6.6 mW/A cm2 (85°C).
Advances in cardiac CT contrast injection and acquisition protocols (2017)

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) imaging has become an important part of modern cardiovascular care. Coronary CT angiography (CTA) is the first choice imaging modality for non-invasive visualization of coronary artery stenosis. In addition, cardiac CT does not only provide anatomical evaluation, but also functional and valvular assessment, and myocardial perfusion evaluation. In this article we outline the factors which influence contrast enhancement, give an overview of current contrast injection and acquisition protocols, with focus on current emerging topics such as pre-transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) planning, cardiac CT for congenital heart disease (CHD) patients, and myocardial CT perfusion (CTP). Further, we point out areas where we see potential for future improvements in cardiac CT imaging based on a closer interaction between CT scanner settings and contrast injection protocols to tailor injections to patient- and exam-specific factors.
Isolation and structure of magnosalin and magnoshinin, new neolignans from Magnolia saliciforia Maxim. (1983)

The structures of magnosalin and magnoshinin, new neolignans isolated from buds of Magnolia salicifolia MAXIM., were determined to be 1 and 4, respectively, on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.
Trends and research directions for privacy preserving approaches on the cloud (2013)

With advancements in hardware and software capabilities, cloud computing has evolved into a widely utilized paradigm for pay per use and robust computation. An unparalleled repository of user sensitive data that resides on the cloud poses severe threat to the privacy of individuals. Users authenticate, store and perform computations on their data using cloud services. From the cloud's perspective, it gathers additional user data via ubiquitous devices, mines this information to offer personalized services like recommendations and disseminates the results. However, the interactions between the cloud and user at each stage of this pipeline development is limited by privacy concerns. In recent years, much work has been done on designing privacy preserving approaches for improving cloud security and the trust network. A wide array of data mining, cryptography and information hiding techniques have been applied to cater to different aspects of providing risk free work environment in the cloud. Given the lack of management of this information, a systematic investigation is required to structurally organize the topics studied. This paper aims to clearly portray the stringent and urgent need for applying privacy preserving approaches to the cloud and highlight the relevant work that has been done along these lines. The key objective is to identify important areas of user-cloud interaction and demonstrate a survey on the state of the art algorithms that have led to improved cloud privacy in these areas The focus is on exploring criteria for the impact of such approaches on user cloud interaction. An understanding of the research issues associated with these sensitive areas of cloud computing may enable us to better leverage benefits of the cloud and reflect on future possibilities of exploration.
Sodium butyrate inhibits myogenesis by interfering with the transcriptional activation function of MyoD and myogenin. (1992)

Sodium butyrate reversibly inhibits muscle differentiation and blocks the expression of many muscle-specific genes in both proliferating myoblasts and differentiated myotubes. We investigated the role of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) myogenic determinator proteins MyoD and myogenin in this inhibition. Our data suggest that both MyoD and myogenin are not able to function as transcriptional activators in the presence of butyrate, although both apparently retain the ability to bind DNA. Transcription of MyoD itself is extinguished in butyrate-treated myoblasts and myotubes, an effect that may be due to the inability of MyoD to autoactivate its own transcription. We present evidence that the HLH region of MyoD is essential for butyrate inhibition of MyoD. In contrast to MyoD and myogenin, butyrate does not inhibit the ubiquitous basic HLH protein E2-5 from functioning as a transcriptional activator.
Respiratory health of patients receiving agonist opioid treatment: Gender differences. (2016)

Background: The recommended treatment for opioid dependent people is agonist opioid treatment (AOT). The pharmacotherapies used are methadone and buprenorphine. The effects of methadone are similar to other opioids such as morphine and include sedation and respiratory depression. There is good evidence that polydrug use, particularly tobacco, cannabis and alcohol, is common among opioid dependent people on AOT programs. These drugs have also been linked to impaired lung function. The aims were to examine gender differences in (a) tobacco and cannabis consumption, and (b) respiratory symptoms and lung function of opioid dependent people receiving AOT. Methods: The sample (n=149) were recruited from two Western Australian drug and alcohol clinics from March 2009 to July 2012 from a pool of ~350 patients receiving AOT. Data were obtained on current and past smoking, passive smoking, cannabis use, AOT medications, asthma, and respiratory symptoms. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the FEV1/FVC ratio were measured by spirometry. Results: Mean age ~40. Smoking prevalence (tobacco) was 89% males and 82% females, cannabis 47% males and 54% females. Over 60% were unemployed. The majority were treated with methadone. Breathlessness was associated with FEV1 (p=0.02) and FVC (p=0.02), asthma with FEV1 (p=0.04). COPD was detected in 27% of males and 24% of females. 51% reported shortness of breath when hurrying on level ground or walking up a slight hill and 30% gave a history of morning cough. As indicated by the FEV/FVC ratio <0.70, 27.3% of men and 24 % of women had COPD. Conclusions: The sample was relatively young but many men and women were exhibiting smoking related respiratory symptoms and ~25% had COPD. Declining lung function appears to be an important morbidity among patients on OST, particularly among women. Smoking cessation interventions should be included in AOT regimes.
CO2 laser assisted particle removal threshold measurements (1992)

Laser removal of particulates from solid surfaces was achieved using an energy transfer medium which preferentially adsorbs in the capillary spaces under and around the particulates on the contaminated surface. Subsequent laser irradiation causes explosive evaporation of the energy transfer medium and propels the particles off the substrate much like a small rocket engine. In our experiments, a TEA CO2 (10.6 and 9.6 μm) laser was used to remove 9.5 μm Al2O3, 5 μm Al2O3, and 1 μm polystyrene particles from Si surfaces using water as the energy transfer medium. At these wavelengths the laser energy is absorbed predominantly in the water not in the substrate. The threshold fluence for particle removal was found to follow a degenerate threshold model with measured thresholds significantly below the substrate damage threshold. The temperature rise in the energy transfer medium was estimated using energy conservation, suggesting that superheating of the adsorbed water is a reasonable mechanism for water assisted laser particle removal.
Improving face recognition with genealogical and contextual data (2012)

The field of genealogy has embraced the move towards digitisation, with increasingly large quantities of historical photographs being digitised in an effort to both preserve and share with a wider audience. Genealogy software is prevalent, but while many programs support photograph management, none use face recognition to assist in the identification and tagging of individuals. Genealogy is in the unique position of possessing a rich source of context in the form of a family tree, that a face recognition engine can draw information from. We aim to improve the accuracy of face recognition results within a family photograph album through the use of a filter that uses available contextual information from a given family tree. We also use measures of co-occurrence, recurrence and relative physical distance of individuals within the album to accurately predict the identity of individuals. This novel use of genealogical data as context has provided encouraging results, with a 26% improvement in accuracy at hit list size 1 and a 21% improvement at size 5 over the use of face recognition alone, when identifying 348 faces against a database of 523 faces from a challenging dataset of 173 family photographs.
A Design of Experiment approach to predict product and process parameters for a spray dried influenza vaccine (2016)

Spray dried vaccine formulations might be an alternative to traditional lyophilized vaccines. Compared to lyophilization, spray drying is a fast and cheap process extensively used for drying biologicals. The current study provides an approach that utilizes Design of Experiments for spray drying process to stabilize whole inactivated influenza virus (WIV) vaccine. The approach included systematically screening and optimizing the spray drying process variables, determining the desired process parameters and predicting product quality parameters. The process parameters inlet air temperature, nozzle gas flow rate and feed flow rate and their effect on WIV vaccine powder characteristics such as particle size, residual moisture content (RMC) and powder yield were investigated. Vaccine powders with a broad range of physical characteristics (RMC 1.2-4.9%, particle size 2.4-8.5μm and powder yield 42-82%) were obtained. WIV showed no significant loss in antigenicity as revealed by hemagglutination test. Furthermore, descriptive models generated by DoE software could be used to determine and select (set) spray drying process parameter. This was used to generate a dried WIV powder with predefined (predicted) characteristics. Moreover, the spray dried vaccine powders retained their antigenic stability even after storage for 3 months at 60°C. The approach used here enabled the generation of a thermostable, antigenic WIV vaccine powder with desired physical characteristics that could be potentially used for pulmonary administration.
Convolutional Neural Network-based MR Image Analysis for Alzheimer’s Disease Classification (2019)

The results of this study were compared to those of previous studies, and summarized and analyzed to facilitate more flexible analyses based on additional experiments. The classification accuracy obtained by the proposed method is highly accurate. These findings suggest that this approach is efficient and may be a promising strategy to obtain good AD, MCI and NC classification performance using small patch images of hippocampus instead of whole slide images.
An Efficient Silane-Promoted Nickel-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl and Heteroaryl Chlorides (2008)

A new silane-promoted nickel-catalyzed amination of aryl chlorides with 0.5 mol % of Ni(acac)2, 1 mol % of 3,5,6,8-tetrabromo-1,10-phenanthroline, and polymethylhydrosiloxane was developed. A broad range of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides can be coupled with secondary amines and anilines to give the desired (het)arylamines in good to excellent yields. The reaction is sensitive to the nature and amount of the silane promoter.
Use of the butaclamol template in a search for antipsychotic agents with lessened side effects (1979)

A number of molecular similarities between the antipsychotic agents butaclamol and clozapine were noted. Based on the premise that this was a strong indicator of a common mechanism of action (i.e., binding at the antagonist state of the dopamine receptor), a research approach was described. Three simplified analogues (4,8, and 12a) of butaclamol which still retained the molecular functionalities of the parent structure were synthesized and tested in the haloperidol receptor assay. 1-(5-Methyl-10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene)-4-tert-butyl-4-piperidine (12a) displaced tritiated haloperidol with an IC50 value of 2.4 nM, as compared to a value of 0.5 nM for butaclamol However, when 12a was tested in vivo or in the spiroperidol receptor assay it was found to be considerably less potent.
Robust adaptive-scale parametric model estimation for computer vision (2004)

Robust model fitting essentially requires the application of two estimators. The first is an estimator for the values of the model parameters. The second is an estimator for the scale of the noise in the (inlier) data. Indeed, we propose two novel robust techniques: the Two-Step Scale estimator (TSSE) and the Adaptive Scale Sample Consensus (ASSC) estimator. TSSE applies nonparametric density estimation and density gradient estimation techniques, to robustly estimate the scale of the inliers. The ASSC estimator combines Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) and TSSE: using a modified objective function that depends upon both the number of inliers and the corresponding scale. ASSC is very robust to discontinuous signals and data with multiple structures, being able to tolerate more than 80 percent outliers. The main advantage of ASSC over RANSAC is that prior knowledge about the scale of inliers is not needed. ASSC can simultaneously estimate the parameters of a model and the scale of the inliers belonging to that model. Experiments on synthetic data show that ASSC has better robustness to heavily corrupted data than Least Median Squares (LMedS), Residual Consensus (RESC), and Adaptive Least Kth order Squares (ALKS). We also apply ASSC to two fundamental computer vision tasks: range image segmentation and robust fundamental matrix estimation. Experiments show very promising results.
Eye-based Human Computer Interaction Allowing Phoning, Reading E-Book/E-Comic/E-Learning, Internet Browsing, and TV Information Extraction (2011)

Eye-based Human-Computer Interaction: HCI system which allows phoning, reading e-book/e-comic/e-learning, internet browsing, and TV information extraction is proposed for handicap student in E-Learning Application. The conventional eye-based HCI applications are facing problems on accuracy and process speed. We develop new interfaces for improving key-in accuracy and process speed of eye-based key-in for E-Learning application, in particular. We propose eye-based HCI by utilizing camera mounted glasses for gaze estimation. We use the sight for controlling the user interface such as navigation of e-comic/e-book/e-learning contents, phoning, internet browsing, and TV information extraction. We develop interfaces including standard interface navigator with five keys, single line of moving keyboard, and multi line of moving keyboard in order to allow the aforementioned functions without burdening the accuracy. The experimental results show the proposed system does work the aforementioned functions in a real time basis.
Intelligent measuring system for testing and failure analysis of electronic devices (2016)

The article deals with the organization of tests for electronic devices, designed to work in difficult operating conditions, such as conditions on the board of a spacecraft. The intelligent measurement system for monitoring the technical state condition of chips through measurement of surface temperature field is presented. A method for decision making based on comparative analysis of measured thermograms and thermal images obtained on computational models for various chip failures is considered. An application of an integrated Raman-infrared thermography to measure the internal chip temperature areas is proposed.
Embedding active components inside printed circuit board (PCB) - a solution for miniaturization of electronics (2005)

The continuous miniaturization of the electronics sets new requirements for the substrates, component packages and assembly technologies. Traditionally, the passive and active components are mounted on the surface of the PCB using SMA technology. The component size, I/O pitch and line width of the PCB's has been deceasing rapidly during past years. With traditional technologies, it is more difficult to increase the packaging density any more. This has increased interest toward embedding passive and active components inside the substrate. In this paper, the third generation manufacturing process to embed active components inside organic substrate is presented. In the integrated module board (IMB-R) technology, active components are integrated inside an organic substrate, e.g. the printed circuit board (PCB) structure. The manufacturing process allows for an entire product or some of its functional parts to be embedded inside the substrate. The process combines high-density PWB manufacturing, component packaging/assembly and the fabrication of the interconnection into one single manufacturing process flow. The interconnections of the IC's are done simultaneously using electroplating process. The technology enables high interconnection density with good reliability. Also, the IMB technology enables so-called "all-layer-assembly" where the whole three dimensional volume of the module (not only the surfaces) is used for component assembly.
Preparation of Pyrimidinophanes from Pyrimidine Bases (1996)

Abstract Treatment of pyrimidine bases such as uracil, thymine, and 5-fluorouracil with X(CH2)nX (X = I or Br; n = 4—12) gave three types of pyrimidinophanes. When the numbers of carbon atoms of X(CH2)nX are odd numbers (n = 5, 7, 9, 11), three structures of pyrimidinophanes could be differentiated on the basis of the 13C NMR and mass spectra. Treatment of pyrimidinophanes with 1,4-naphthoquinone or maleimides in the presence of palladium(II) acetate gave the coupling products. Reaction of pyrimidinophanes with NaNO2 in the presence of palladium(II) acetate led to the nitration.
Functional diversity and properties of multiple xylanases from Penicillium oxalicum GZ-2 (2015)

A multiple xylanase system with high levels of xylanase activity produced from Penicillium oxalicum GZ-2 using agricultural waste as a substrate has been previously reported. However, the eco-physiological properties and origin of the multiplicity of xylanases remain unclear. In the present study, eight active bands were detected using zymography, and all bands were identified as putative xylanases using MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. These putative xylanases are encoded by six different xylanase genes. To evaluate the functions and eco-physiological properties of xylanase genes, xyn10A, xyn11A, xyn10B and xyn11B were expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant enzymes xyn10A and xyn10B belong to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 10 xylanases, while xyn11A and xyn11B belong to GH11 xylanases. Biochemical analysis of the recombinant proteins revealed that all enzymes exhibited xylanase activity against xylans but with different substrate specificities, properties and kinetic parameters. These results demonstrated that the production of multiple xylanases in P. oxalicum GZ-2 was attributed to the genetic redundancy of xylanases and the post-translational modifications, providing insight into a more diverse xylanase system for the efficient degradation of complex hemicelluloses.