gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Titanium dioxide nanoparticle-entrapped polyion complex micelles generate singlet oxygen in the cells by ultrasound irradiation for sonodynamic therapy (2012)

A new modality of using ultrasound irradiation instead of photoactivation, as in photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy, has emerged as a promising treatment for various types of cancer. Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) has the ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) by not only photo- but also ultrasound-irradiation. Here, the formation of core-shell type polyion complex micelles from TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles with polyallylamine bearing poly(ethylene glycol) grafts effectively improves the dispersion stability of the TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles under physiological conditions for therapeutic application. The TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles in the micelles can generate ROS including singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) by sonication. Furthermore, the micelles are taken up into HeLa cells and the TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles generate <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, which is widely believed to be the main cytotoxic agent in PDT, even in the cells treated by sonication. This is the first result representing <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> generation of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles in HeLa cells by sonication. Further, the micelles can selectively exhibit a cell-killing effect at only the ultrasound-irradiated area.
Applications of Curved-Crystal X-Ray Spectrometers (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplications of Curved-Crystal X-Ray SpectrometersL. S. Birks and E. J. BrooksCite this: Anal. Chem. 1955, 27, 3, 437–440Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60099a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60099a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diversity of rheumatoid synovial tissue T cells by T cell receptor analysis. Oligoclonal expansion in interleukin‐2–responsive cells (1991)

The synovitis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by infiltrates of CD4+ T lymphocytes. To determine the clonal diversity of these cells, we cloned T cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2), alone or with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), directly from actively inflamed synovial tissue obtained at synovectomy. A total of 205 clones from 4 specimens was analyzed for T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements using Hind III and Eco RI digests with beta chain and gamma chain complementary DNA probes. A comparison of the TCR rearrangements enabled us to determine if the T cell clones arose from the same or different precursor cells. Most of the T cell clones (92%) had distinct TCR gene rearrangement patterns, indicating a unique clonal origin. However, a few clones (1 quadruplicate and 6 pairs) with identical TCR rearrangements were identified, and these clonal multiples were most commonly found in clones selected with IL-2 alone. Mass cultures were propagated with IL-2, alone or with PHA, and at each passage, cells were removed for TCR analysis. The later passages of the lines selected with IL-2 had oligoclonal TCR rearrangements, whereas no oligoclonal rearrangements were found in the PHA + IL-2-selected cell lines. The TCR rearrangements in the later passages of the IL-2 mass cultures were often identical to the TCR rearrangements that were found in the IL-2-derived clonal multiples. These findings indicate that while the majority of CD4+ T cells within the actively inflamed rheumatoid joint have diverse clonal origins, small numbers of clonal multiples and oligoclonal populations are present, and these cells may be enriched in an IL-2-responsive T cell subset.
Evolution of Complex Target SELEX to Identify Aptamers against Mammalian Cell-Surface Antigens (2017)

The demand has increased for sophisticated molecular tools with improved detection limits. Such molecules should be simple in structure, yet stable enough for clinical applications. Nucleic acid aptamers (NAAs) represent a class of molecules able to meet this demand. In particular, aptamers, a class of small nucleic acid ligands that are composed of single-stranded modified/unmodified RNA/DNA molecules, can be evolved from a complex library using Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) against almost any molecule. Since its introduction in 1990, in stages, SELEX technology has itself undergone several modifications, improving selection and broadening the repertoire of targets. This review summarizes these milestones that have pushed the field forward, allowing researchers to generate aptamers that can potentially be applied as therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
Decidable optimization problems for database logic programs (1988)

Datalog is the language of logic programs without function symbols. It is used as a database query language. If it is possible to eliminate recursion from a Datalog program Π, then Π is said to be bounded. It is known that the problem of deciding whether a given Datalog program is bounded is undecidable, even for binary programs. We show here that boundedness is decidable for monadic programs, i.e., programs where the recursive predicates are monadic (the non-recursive predicates can have arbitrary arity). Underlying our results are new tools for the optimization of Datalog programs based on automata theory and logic. In particular, one of the tools we develop is a theory of two-way alternating tree automata. We also use our techniques to show that containment for monadic programs is decidable.
Hypertension in pregnancy and preeclampsia. Knowledge and clinical practice among obstetrician-gynecologists. (2002)

A total of 401 completed surveys were analyzed. There was no difference between respondents and nonrespondents in either sex ratio (P = .410) or age (46.9 +/- 0.4 versus 48.1 +/- 0.4 years, P = .131). Most respondents (84.5%) would manage mild preeclampsia on an outpatient basis, and most (58.6%) usually managed preeclampsia independently. There was considerable variation in clinical practice. For example, about one of four respondents (27.4%) do not use seizure prophylaxis during labor in mild preeclampsia. Among physicians who do utilize magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis, the mean standard loading dose was 4.5 +/- .1 g intravenously. More than half the respondents (54.9%) would employ preeclampsia prevention procedures. Most respondents (74.6%) said that there is a role for management of severe preeclampsia remote from term. Intrauterine growth restriction would be used as an indication for immediate delivery by 60.6% of respondents; female physicians were more likely to use intrauterine growth retardation as an indication for immediate delivery (chi 2 = 5.7, P = .017).
A systems architecture for sensor networks based on hardware/software co-design (2004)

We describe the motivation and design of a novel embedded systems architecture for large networks of small devices, tha canonical example being wireless sensor networks. The architecture differs from previous work in being based explicitly on a hardware/software co-design approach centred around the deployment of novel programming language constructs directly onto hardware in order to improve optimisation and expressibility. The programming interface enables the dynamic download and execution of domain-specific code to facilitate the development of context aware pervasive computing systems whose behaviour must adapt to their changing environment. To this end, the architecture implements a virtual machine operating environment based on Scheme and \\uClinux~that encapsulates a CPU core, digital logic, generic I/O, network interfaces and domain-specific programming language composition.
On-demand microfluidic control by micropatterned light irradiation of a photoresponsive hydrogel sheet (2008)

Novel on-chip fluid control strategies, on-demand formation of arbitrary microchannels and parallel control of multiple microvalves were successfully demonstrated by means of computer-controlled micropatterned light irradiation of a photoresponsive hydrogel sheet.
Library Criteria for the Promotion and Tenure of Faculty Librarians (2017)

A detailed report on the expectations and necessities for Trinity University's faculty librarians including library criteria for promotion and tenure, assumptions, and documentation for candidates for promotion and tenure.
An integrated e‐recruitment system for automated personality mining and applicant ranking (2012)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a novel approach for recruiting and ranking job applicants in online recruitment systems, with the objective to automate applicant pre‐screening. An integrated, company‐oriented, e‐recruitment system was implemented based on the proposed scheme and its functionality was showcased and evaluated in a real‐world recruitment scenario. Design/methodology/approach The proposed system implements automated candidate ranking, based on objective criteria that can be extracted from the applicant's LinkedIn profile. What is more, candidate personality traits are automatically extracted from his/her social presence using linguistic analysis. The applicant's rank is derived from individual selection criteria using analytical hierarchy process (AHP), while their relative significance (weight) is controlled by the recruiter. Findings The proposed e‐recruitment system was deployed in a real‐world recruitment scenario, and its output was validated by expert recruiters. It was found that with the exception of senior positions that required domain experience and specific qualifications, automated pre‐screening performed consistently compared to human recruiters. Research limitations/implications It was found that companies can increase the efficiency of the recruitment process if they integrate an e‐recruitment system in their human resources management infrastructure that automates the candidate pre‐screening process. Interviewing and background investigation of applicants can then be limited to the top candidates identified from the system. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first e‐recruitment system that supports automated extraction of candidate personality traits using linguistic analysis and ranks candidates with the AHP.
Copper losses to slags obtained from the El Teniente process (2005)

AbstractAbstractThe smelting and converting El Teniente process for copper concentrates as well as slag cleaning furnace technologies to treat slags coming out from the El Teniente furnaces are widely applied today in Chile and around the world. Several industrial applications of this process have shown their ability to treat copper concentrates in a wide range of chemical and mineralogical compositions. Main operational parameters determining performance of the process are: oxygen enriched air flow rate; degree of oxygen enrichment; moisture content of the solid materials processed; molten material levels inside the vessel; frequency of molten materials tapping; bath temperature; and copper losses in slags. In this work, the copper losses in the slags from the El Teniente pyrometallurgical process are predicted by calculation from thermodynamic data and compared with those determined by microscopic examination and slag industrial data. Results obtained show that the main part of copper losses in the slag from the El Teniente furnace are mechanically entrapped or floated unsettled droplets of the co-existing matte phase. Conversely, the very low copper losses in the slag from the slag cleaning furnace are limited by the physicochemical form.Keywords: EL TENIENTE PROCESSPYROMETALLURGYCOPPER LOSS TO SLAG
Business action to fight micronutrient deficiency (2006)

Micronutrient deficiency undermines the potential of billions of people worldwide, limiting both their physical and mental growth during the vital years of childhood. It has rarely featured as a priority on the development agenda and the problem remains pervasive among poor population, but solutions do exist, notably through food fortification. Innovative multisectoral approaches, engaging the private sector along with government and civil society, are delivering encouraging results and demonstrating the potential to end this debilitating deficiency in a cost-effective way.
Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers : Design, Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications (1999)

1. Introduction to VCSELs L. A. Coldren, C. W. Wilmsen and H. Temkin 2. Fundamental issues in VCSEL design L. A. Coldren and Eric R. Hegblom 3. Enhancement of spontaneous emission in microcavities E. F. Schubert and N. E. J. Hunt 4. Epitaxy of vertical-cavity lasers R. P. Schneider Jr and Y. H. Young 5. Fabrication and performance of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers Kent D. Choquette and Kent Geib 6. Polarization related properties of vertical cavity lasers Dmitri Kuksenkov and Henryk Temkin 7. Visible light emitting vertical cavity lasers Robert L. Thornton 8. Long-wavelength vertical-cavity lasers Dubrakovo I. Babic, Joachim Piprek and John E. Bowers 9. Overview of VCSEL applications Richard C. Williamson 10. Optical interconnection applications and required characteristics Kenichi Kasahara 11. VCSEL-based fiber-optic data communications Kenneth Hahn and Kirk Giboney 12. VCSEL-based smart pixels for free space optoelectronic processing C. W. Wilmsen.
Essential oil from<i>Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba</i>loaded into multilamellar liposomes useful as antimicrobial agents (2009)

Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba essential oil (EO) is a complex mixture of organic compounds among which methyl-N-methylanthranilate and sesquiterpene alcohol α-bisabolol represent the main compounds. The essential oil antimicrobial activity was studied against bacteria and fungi cells by diffusion disk method and significant activity was observed against S. aureus, S. aureus isolated multi-resistant and the dermathophyte fungi. Essential oil from Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba loaded into DPPC multilamellar liposomes (MLV) was successfully produced through a thin film hydration method with mean diameter of 9.37 ± 4.69 µm. The EO-loaded liposomes showed adequate sphericity and narrower size distribution than empty liposomes. Results also showed that Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba essential oil can be incorporated in appreciable amounts (43.7 ± 6.0%) in the prepared vesicular dispersions. A strong interaction between essential oil and lipid bilayer was indicated by a significant decrease in Tm of the EO-loaded liposomes related to empty vesicles. Essential oil showed incomplete release profile from liposomes, suggesting that EO-loaded liposomes will be useful in pharmaceutical applications to enhance essential oil targeting to cells.
Signal frequency identification using anisotropic propagation characteristics of capacitively tuned L-C grids (2006)

The use of channelled waves in tunable 2-D anisotropic L-C meshes as a means for frequency identification has been investigated. For such structures it is shown that under resonant conditions signal propagation is restricted to a narrow well-defined channel. Using this type of grid, a single matched detector is required from which the frequency of an unknown applied signal can be directly determined from the value of voltage used to tune the grid. Experimental characterisation of a tunable grid operating from 2.2 to 3.4 GHz is given.
Abstract 5513: Discovery of an orally active small-molecule irreversible inhibitor of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) for ovarian cancer treatment. (2013)

Abstract Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein, catalyzes disulfide bond breakage, formation and rearrangement. The effect of PDI inhibition on ovarian cancer progression is not yet clear, and there is a need for potent, selective and safe small-molecule inhibitors of PDI. Here, we report a new class of novel propynoic acid carbamoyl methyl amides (PACMAs) that are active against a panel of human ovarian cancer cell lines. Using fluorescent derivatives, 2D gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry, we established that PACMA 31, one of the most active analogues, acts as an irreversible small-molecule inhibitor of PDI, forming a covalent bond with PDI's active site cysteines. We also demonstrated that PDI activity is essential for the survival and proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells. In vivo, PACMA 31 showed tumor targeting ability and significantly suppressed ovarian tumor growth without causing toxicity to normal tissues. These irreversible small-molecule PDI inhibitors represent a new approach for the development of targeted anticancer agents for ovarian cancer therapy, and can also serve as useful probes for investigating the biology of PDI-implicated pathways. Citation Format: Shili Xu, Alexey N. Butkevich, Roppei Yamada, Yu Zhou, Bikash Debnath, Roger Duncan, Ebrahim Zandi, Nicos A. Petasis, Nouri Neamati. Discovery of an orally active small-molecule irreversible inhibitor of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) for ovarian cancer treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5513. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5513
Heart Rate Recovery Immediately After Exercise as a Predictor of Mortality (2000)

Cole, C R; Blackstone, E H; Pashkow, F J; Snader, C E; Lauer, M SEditor(s): Cannistra, Lauralyn MD; Carlin, Brian MD; Keteyian, Steven J. PhD
A quick test on wear of head materials by recording tapes (1983)

A test is described that, within minutes, produces wear data on recording head material-tape combinations. A moving tape is pressed with the coated side against a stationary flat polished sample; using either a sphere or a cylinder for loading the tape. A wear scar is formed on the sample that can easily be measured, with a lower limit of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . Examples are given for various materiaI-tape combinations, using loads from 0.02 to 2 N and tape speeds between 0.02 and 5 m/s. The short duration of a test allows many repetitions on one sample and thus good statistics. Each tape yields its own "fingerprint" on a sample material, showing characteristic scratches, material transfer and corrosion. Various materials are compared for a given tape and can be ranked for wear resistance. Wear experiments in videorecorders show a similar ranking of materials and tapes, although the wear coefficients deduced from these life time tests are several orders of magnitude lower.
High <i>ALK</i> Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Expression Supersedes <i>ALK</i> Mutation as a Determining Factor of an Unfavorable Phenotype in Primary Neuroblastoma (2011)

Primary neuroblastomas with mutated ALK exhibit high ALK expression levels and strongly resemble neuroblastomas with elevated WT ALK expression levels in both their clinical and molecular phenotypes. These data suggest that high levels of mutated and WT ALK mediate similar molecular functions that may contribute to a malignant phenotype in primary neuroblastoma.
<i>Candida</i>-Host Interactions in HIV Disease: Relationships in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (2006)

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) caused by the commensal organism, Candida albicans, is the most common oral infection in HIV disease. Although cell-mediated immunity (CMI) by Th1-type CD4+ T-cells is considered the predominant host defense mechanism against OPC, other systemic or local immune mechanisms are critical when blood CD4+ T-cells are reduced below a protective threshold. For example, the Th cytokine profile in saliva may influence resistance or susceptibility to OPC. In OPC lesions, CD8+ T-cells become accumulated at the lamina propria-epithelium interface, suggesting some role for CD8+ T-cells against OPC. However, the absence of CD8+ T-cells close to Candida at the outer epithelium indicates that susceptibility to OPC involves a dysfunction in the CD8+ T-cells or in the micro-environment. Further evaluation of the buccal mucosa lesion showed that CD8 T-cell-associated cytokine and chemokine mRNA is increased compared with buccal mucosa from lesion-negative matched controls. The majority of CD8+ T-cells present possess the alphabeta T-cell receptor and several homing receptors (i.e., 4beta7, 4beta1, ebeta7). While several adhesion molecules are similar in OPC+ vs. OPC- persons, E-cadherin is reduced in the tissue of OPC+ persons. These results support evidence for a role for CD8+ T-cells against OPC, but suggest that a putative dysfunction in mucosal T-cell trafficking may be associated with susceptibility to infection. Similar levels of Candida-specific antibodies in persons with and without OPC confirmed a limited role for humoral immunity. Finally, oral epithelial cells inhibit the growth of Candida in vitro in a static rather than a cidal manner. Clinically, oral epithelial cell anti-Candida activity is reduced in HIV+ persons with OPC, compared with controls. The mechanism of action includes a strict requirement for cell contact by an acid-labile moiety on intact, but not necessarily live, epithelial cells, with no role for soluble factors. Taken together, host defense against OPC involves several levels of activity. The status and efficiency of local host defenses when blood CD4+ T-cells are not available appear to play a role in protection against or susceptibility to OPC.
Formal Approach for QoS-Aware Cloud Service Composition (2017)

Cloud Computing based Software as a Service (SaaS) combines multiple Web Services to satisfy a SaaS request. SaaS is based on Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Service technology which are popular paradigm to design new generation of applications. One of the advantages of Web Services technology is to building distributed application on demand using existing service oriented application. Web Services Composition (WSC) in Cloud Computing is necessary when a single service is unable to satisfy all the customers requirements. WSC is a complex task in the SaaS which involves several steps like discovery, compatibility checking, selection and deployment. To reduce the complexity of WSC, we model Web Services and their composition using Boolean satisfiability problem so that a specific property of their structures is looked into behavioral compatibility. The aim of this work is the modelling and verification of Web Services Composition using a formal method based on Satisfiability (SAT). However, in some cases it may be preferable to use variations of the general SAT problem. Specifically, using the Minimally Unsatisfiable Subformula (MUS), we formally define a Web Services Composition and its validation. When we have a multiple Web Services Compositions that meet the users needs, a QoS of the resulting WSC is maximized or, in some cases, minimized.