gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving reliability of gene selection from microarray functional genomics data (2003)

Constructing a classifier based on microarray gene expression data has recently emerged as an important problem for cancer classification. Recent results have suggested the feasibility of constructing such a classifier with reasonable predictive accuracy under the circumstance where only a small number of cancer tissue samples of known type are available. Difficulty arises from the fact that each sample contains the expression data of a vast number of genes and these genes may interact with one another. Selection of a small number of critical genes is fundamental to correctly analyze the otherwise overwhelming data. It is essential to use a multivariate approach for capturing the correlated structure in the data. However, the curse of dimensionality leads to the concern about the reliability of selected genes. Here, we present a new gene selection method in which error and repeatability of selected genes are assessed within the context of M-fold cross-validation. In particular, we show that the method is able to identify source variables underlying data generation.
Early oral presentation of Crohn's disease (2007)

Inflammatory changes of the oral mucosa in children can have a variety of infectious and non-infectious etiologies. We report on a 10-year-old boy with progressive cobblestone-like changes and erosions of oral mucosa over six months, which turned out to be early oral manifestations of Crohn disease.
Non-flickering 100 m RGB visible light communication transmission based on a CMOS image sensor (2018)

We demonstrate a non-flickering 100 m long-distance RGB visible light communication (VLC) transmission based on a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera. Experimental bit-error rate (BER) measurements under different camera ISO values and different transmission distances are evaluated. Here, we also experimentally reveal that the rolling shutter effect- (RSE) based VLC system cannot work at long distance transmission, and the under-sampled modulation- (USM) based VLC system is a good choice.
Enhancement of Red Emission (<sup>4</sup>F<sub>9/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub>) via Upconversion in Bulk and Nanocrystalline Cubic Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup> (2002)

In this paper, we investigate as a function of erbium concentration (1, 2, 5, 10 mol %) the upconversion properties of bulk and nanocrystalline Er3+ doped cubic Y2O3. After excitation at short wavelength (488 nm) or with upconversion pumping (815 nm), green and red emissions were observed for both nanocrystalline and bulk samples in the visible region of the spectrum, while blue emission was observed in bulk Y2O3:Er3+ only. The upconverted emission after 815 nm excitation revealed an enhancement of the red [4F9/2 → 4I15/2] emission with respect to the green [(2H11/2, 4S3/2) → 4I15/2] emission when the dopant concentration is increased. However, the magnitude of the red enhancement in the bulk material differs slightly from its nanocrystalline counterpart, with the nanocrystalline material showing a higher degree of dependence on the dopant Er3+ concentration. It is believed that two distinct mechanisms are responsible for populating the 4S3/2 and 4F9/2 levels, with the latter being more efficient at higher Er3+ ion concentration.
Island formation during growth of Ge on Si(100): A study using photoluminescence spectroscopy (1995)

We present a photoluminescence (PL) study on the growth mode changeover during growth of Ge on Si(100) substrates. Intense PL signals originating from both the flat Ge layer and the three-dimensional (3D) Ge islands are observed from Si/Ge/Si quantum wells with various Ge coverage. The onset of the 3D island formation is determined to be 3.7 monolayers (ML). It is also found that the 3D islands grow with only 3.0 ML of the flat Ge layer retained. This implies that only the 3.0 ML Ge is thermodynamically stable on Si(100) and hence corresponds to the ‘‘equilibrium’’ critical thickness.
Establishment of a HPLC method for preclinical pharmacokinetic study of the novel anti‐Parkinson's disease candidate drug FLZ in rats (2008)

An HPLC method was established and validated for the determination of compound FLZ, a synthetic novel anti-Parkinson's disease candidate drug, in rat plasma. FLZ and the internal standard bicyclol were extracted from plasma by solid-phase extraction method and analyzed on a Restek C18 column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 microm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (60:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 320 nm. The calibration curve was linear within the concentration range from 25 to 500 ng/mL (r2 > 0.999), the limit of quantitation was 25 ng/mL and the average recovery was 92.0% with the RSD less than 5.9%. The relative standard deviation for intra- and inter-day precision was less than 3.8 and 6.9%, respectively. The established HPLC method was validated to be a simple, rapid and reliable procedure and applied to study the preclinical pharmacokinetics of FLZ in rat plasma, and it was the first time that the pharmacokinetics of FLZ had been investigated.
STUDIES WITH RADIOACTIVE ENDOTOXIN. III. THE EFFECT OF TOLERANCE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVITY AFTER INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ENDOTOXIN LABELED WITH CR511 (1958)

ing effects of endotoxin, the following study was undertaken to determine whether tolerant animals owed their resistance to an increased removal of lethal doses of endotoxin from the circulation by the liver and other organs rich in reticuloendothelial cells.
Pathogenic effects of antimyeloperoxidase antibodies in patients with microscopic polyangiitis (2007)

Anti-MPO antibodies could play a pathogenic role in vivo by triggering an oxidative burst, leading to severe endothelial damage. Treatment of MPA patients with NAC might be proposed in an attempt to abrogate these deleterious phenomena.
Experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection in Macaca nemestrina (1989)

Experimental infection of four specific-pathogen-free Macaca nemestrina monkeys (aged 3.5 and 4.5 months) with Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 caused acute diarrheal illness, characterized by fluid diarrhea, bloody stools, and fecal leukocytes, which lasted for approximately 7 to 11 days. Histologic examination of intestinal biopsies showed acute colitis characterized by infiltration of the mucosa with neutrophils and lymphocytes, and cryptitis. There were no histologic changes in the small intestine. Excretion of C. jejuni was demonstrated for 2 to 4 weeks postchallenge. Plasma antibodies to C. jejuni group antigen were elevated after challenge. Only mild diarrhea occurred after rechallenge with the same strain or with a heterologous C. jejuni strain (79-168) followed by further elevation in specific immunoglobulins A, M, and G. Four 1-year-old juvenile M. nemestrina monkeys which had experienced multiple infections with Campylobacter spp. did not exhibit illness when challenged with C. jejuni 81-176. All had elevated immunoglobulin A, M, and G plasma antibodies prior to challenge, and these humoral antibody levels were indicative of the immunity to challenge. The results demonstrate that C. jejuni infection in M. nemestrina caused colitis with clinical and pathologic results similar to those found in humans and indicate that prior infection protects against subsequent challenge.
Elicitation of HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies against the CD4-binding site (2013)

The nexus of information concerning the CD4-binding site and its recognition by human antibodies capable of effective neutralization has expanded remarkably in the last few years. Although barriers are substantial, new insights from donor-serum responses, atomic-level structures of antibody-Env complexes, and next-generation sequencing of B-cell transcripts are invigorating vaccine-design efforts to elicit effective CD4-binding site antibodies.
COLD ACCLIMATION OF TWO STRAINS OF THE CYANOBACTERIUM, <i>SPIRULINA PLATENSIS</i> (2000)

The changes in the antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic activities during cold acclimation in two strains of the cyanobacterium, Spirulina platensis , marked as Kenya and M2, were investigated. Cells were cultured at 33° C then transferred to either 20° C or 15° C. Growth rate of both strains ceased when the temperature shifted from 33 to 20° C and resumed to a slower rate after the first 24 h. Similarly when the temperature was shifted from 33 to 15° C, a complete cessation of growth took place but this time the growth resumed only after 5 to 6 days. The activities of ascorbate perooxidaseperoxides were immediately decreased to about 40–60% in Kenya and 20–40% in M2 when the temperature was shifted to 20 or 15° C and remained about the same level during further cold cultivation. The activity of glutathione reductase was not modified immediately after the transfer to 20 or 15° C; however, it trended to increase gradually in M2 during cultivation at 15° C. The changes in the maximal efficiency of PS II photochemistry (Fv/Fm) were followed in order to study the effect of low temperature acclimation on the photosynthetic apparatus of the two strains.
Implementation and control of grid connected AC-DC-AC power converter for variable speed wind energy conversion system (2003)

30 kW electrical power conversion system is developed for a variable speed wind turbine system. In the wind energy conversion system (WECS) a synchronous generator converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. As the voltage and frequency of generator output vary along the wind speed change, a DC-DC boosting chopper is utilized to maintain constant DC link voltage. The input DC current is regulated to follow the optimized current reference for maximum power point operation of turbine system. Line side PWM inverter supply currents into the utility line by regulating the DC link voltage. The active power is controlled by q-axis current whereas the reactive power can be controlled by d-axis current. The phase angle of utility voltage is detected using software PLL (phased locked loop) in d-q synchronous reference frame. Proposed scheme gives a low cost and high quality power conversion solution for variable speed WECS.
Differential Sensitivities of Retroviruses to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (2011)

Integrase inhibitors are emerging anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs, and multiple retroviruses and transposable elements were evaluated here for susceptibilities to raltegravir (RAL) and elvitegravir (EVG). All viruses, including primate and nonprimate lentiviruses, a Betaretrovirus, a Gammaretrovirus, and the Alpharetrovirus Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), were susceptible to inhibition by RAL. EVG potently inhibited all lentiviruses and intermediately inhibited Betaretrovirus and Gammaretrovirus infections yet was basically ineffective against RSV. Substitutions based on HIV type 1 (HIV-1) resistance changes revealed that integrase residue Ser150 contributed significantly to the resistance of RSV. The drugs intermediately inhibited intracisternal A-particle retrotransposition but were inactive against Sleeping Beauty transposition and long interspersed nucleotide element 1 (LINE-1) retrotransposition.
G95-1271 Mastitis is a Disease -- Control is an Everyday Task (1995)

A comprehensive mastitis control program will effectively control infections caused by both environmental and contagious pathogens. Herd mastitis problems can be caused by both environmental and contagious pathogens (disease-causing organisms). These problems may occur separately or simultaneously. Various testing techniques are necessary to determine the type of causative organism and the infection level of the herd or individual cow. Appropriate tests include the CMT (California Mastitis Test), milk market somatic cell count (SCC), Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) SCC and laboratory cultures of milk from infected cows. Depending upon test results, mastitis control strategies may need to be changed to address both associated infections and types of pathogens. A good control program must consider all possible causes of the disease. No potential disease risk should be ignored. The most appropriate action to prevent or eliminate a disease depends upon the causative agent, so accurate diagnosis is essential. Cows that are non-responsive to therapy should be culled.
Pathophysiology Of Hashimotos Thyroiditis And Hypothyroidism (1991)

Autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the most common endocrine disorder, is primarily a subclinical disease. Whether or not subclinical hypothyroidism should be treated remains controversial. Recent advances have been made in understanding the molecular nature of the antigens that are the target of the immune system in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The “microsomal antigen” is now recognized to be thyroid peroxidase.
Design Analysis of Rayleigh-Step Floating-Ring Seals (1984)

Abstract The analysis and design of a 50-mm diameter floating-ring helium buffer seal are described. The seal rings incorporated Rayleigh-step lift pads to provide hydrodynamic forces to separate the rings from the shaft. Maximum surface speed is 183 mls (600 fps) and maximum buffer gas pressure is 1389 kPa (200 psia). An operating range map was computed as a function of speed and pressure. Contradictory problem arise due to excessive friction preventing ring tracking at low-speed, high-pressure conditions and insufficient friction to retard inertia driven motions at high-speed, low-pressure conditions. Steady-state and dynamic analyses and performance are described, as well as the results of thermal studies. Presented as an American Society Of Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASLE/ASME Lubrication Conference in Hartford, Connecticut, October 18–20, 1983 Notes Presented as an American Society Of Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASLE/ASME Lubrication Conference in Hartford, Connecticut, October 18–20, 1983
Degradation Analysis of Facet Coating in GaAs-Based High-Power Laser Diodes (2015)

The facet coating of GaAs-based laser diodes (LDs) stressed by constant current was studied in detail using focused ion beam, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. Our analysis found that, for Si/Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> facet coating, silicon near the active area exposed to high laser intensity becomes diffused, making it thicker than the Si layer outside the active area. Oxygen diffused into the Si layer and the Si layer got oxidized. Such change of facet-coating thickness and composition causes the facet reflectivity to fluctuate and carriers to recombine nonradioactively and eventually lead to catastrophic optical damage. We conclude that the performance of LDs could be improved by optimizing their facet coating.
Epitaxy of GaN LEDs on large substrates: Si or sapphire? (2006)

We present first results on the limits of GaN growth on large diameter sapphire and the challenges that have to be solved for a successful growth of high power LEDs on silicon substrates. Up to 5.4 μm thick crack-free GaN on Si(111) LED structures were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor phase epitaxy. The FWHM of the GaN (0002) ω scan in x-ray diffraction amounts to 380 arcsec. On Si substrates, we achieve low curvatures with radii > 50 m, which is important for a successful processing of the samples on large diameter substrates. Additionally, a low curvature during InGaN multi-quantum-well growth is achieved and enables the growth of homogenous InGaN layers. The main difficulty for GaN-on-Si is light extraction, which leads to an approximately three- to four-fold reduction in direct comparison with GaN LEDs on sapphire.
Blocking and desensitization in RF amplifiers (1995)

Blocking and desensitization in RF amplifiers is analyzed and related to second and third order intermodulation performance. Methods of predicting blocking behavior are described and used to improve the performance of an existing amplifier. Measurements are compared with theoretical predictions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A multifunction domestic alert system for the deaf-blind (1995)

Describes an electronic system to alert a deaf-blind man to the occurrence of a variety of household sounds-such as a doorbell, telephone or a smoke alarm-and to inform him about the source of any such sound. The system has been designed to be effective, reliable, relatively inexpensive, to avoid any necessity for direct connection to domestic appliances and (within limits) to be adaptable to other potential users' requirements. It consists of a fixed-position audio-analysis and recognition unit (ARU) which, on detecting and recognizing a specific environmental sound, transmits information by radio to a vibrating portable unit (PU) worn by the deaf-blind person. The detailed pattern of vibration codes the source of the sound, and hence indicates its identity to the user. Starting with tape recordings of environmental sounds from the house of the deaf-blind client, a prototype system has been built and tested. Subsequently, the system was installed in his home and, after some initial adjustments, has operated reliably and trouble-free to date (a period of almost three years). A requirement for an alert system for environmental sounds is common to many deaf or deaf-blind people, so that some attention was paid to adaptability during design. For those having domestic appliances not too different from the present client, the system should be usable with a certain amount of modification.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Controlled Single Domain GaAs on Si (100) (1986)

Single domain GaAs layers have been grown on Si (100) surface by molecular beam epitaxy. RHEED observation indicates that antiphase disorder could be suppressed by tilting the orientation of Si (100) surface around <110> axis but were unavoidable on just (100) surface. The off-axis substrates also improve the surface morphology.
Positive/negative refractive index anisotropic 2-D metamaterials (2003)

An anisotropic metamaterial, based on a transmission line (TL) approach, that exhibits positive refractive index (PRI) in one direction and negative refractive index (NRI) in another (orthogonal) direction is presented, characterized and demonstrated in terms of analytic dispersion diagrams, equivalent refractive indexes, and circuit-simulated voltage/current/power distributions. This anisotropic structure may also be implemented in distributed architectures and lead to novel antenna and reflector applications.
Speeding Up All-Pairwise Dynamic Time Warping Matrix Calculation (2016)

Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is certainly the most relevant distance for time series analysis. However, its quadratic time complexity may hamper its use, mainly in the analysis of large time series data. All the recent advances in speeding up the exact DTW calculation are confined to similarity search. However, there is a significant number of important algorithms including clustering and classification that require the pairwise distance matrix for all time series objects. The only techniques available to deal with this issue are constraint bands and DTW approximations. In this paper, we propose the first exact approach for speeding up the all-pairwise DTW matrix calculation. Our method is exact and may be applied in conjunction with constraint bands. We demonstrate that our algorithm reduces the runtime in approximately 50% on average and up to one order of magnitude in some datasets.
A unifying model of physical databases (1982)

A unifying model for the study of database performance is proposed. Applications of the model are shown to relate and extend important work concerning batched searching, transposed files, index selection, dynamic hash-based files, generalized access path structures, differential files, network databases, and multifile query processing.
Targets for cancer chemotherapy : transcription factors and other nuclear proteins (2002)

Cancer Chemotherapy Based on E2F and the Retinoblastoma Pathway William G. Kaelin, Jr Myc Oncoproteins as Targets for Therapeutic Intervention in Tumorigenesis Bernd Berwanger and Martin Eilers The AP-1 Family of Transcription Factors: Structure, Regulation, and Functional Analysis in Mice Marina Schorpp-Kistner, Peter Herrlich, and Peter Angel Hypoxia-Induced Factor-1 as a Target for Anticancer Therapy Shoumo Bhattacharya Nuclear b-Catenin Signaling as a Target for Anticancer Drug Development Eun Joo Chung, Paolo Bonvini, Ho Jung Oh, Len Neckers, and Jane Trepel Histone Acetyltransferases as Potential Targets for Cancer Therapies Stuart Thomson and Louis C. Mahadevan Histone Deacetylases Manfred Jung Cyclin-Dependent Kinases and Their Small-Molecule Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy R. Nagaraja Rao and Bharvin K. R. Patel Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascades as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Antonio Chiloeches and Richard Marais Mdm2 and ARF Andrea Klotzbucher and Michael H. G. Kubbutat The Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 Anastasia Gabriel and Alan Ashworth Human Papillomavirus: Targets for Therapeutic Intervention David Pim, Miranda Thomas, and Lawrence Banks Apoptin as an Anticancer Therapy Mathieu H. M. Noteborn E2F and Cancer Chemotherapy Debabrata Banerjee and Joseph R. Bertino Hypoxic Signaling Pathways as Targets for Anticancer Therapy Heidi M. Sowter and Adrian L. Harris Androgen Receptor and Estrogen Receptors H. M. Oosterkamp and R. Bernards
Increased expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine2A/B receptors in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a rationale for therapeutic intervention (2010)

The studies revealed an increased expression of 5-HTR(2A) specifically in IPF. Blockade of 5-HTR(2A/B) signalling by terguride reversed lung fibrosis and is thus a promising therapeutic approach for IPF.
The design and application of an unmanned surface vehicle powered by solar and wind energy (2015)

The development of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for reconnaissance or other littoral missions is attracting increasing attention. In order to increase the sustainability of USVs, a new hybrid driving system powered by solar energy and wind energy is designed for the proposed USV. The developed USV is based on a catamarans prototype boat, and is equipped with a wing sail. In addition, the superficial of the USV is covered with PV panels for providing sustainable energy generation. The batteries based storage system is used for storing extra electricity as well as providing electricity for the control system and electrical system. To achieve tasks independently and intelligently, the USV is integrated with an automatic control system. The USV is discussed in detail, and some testing results are presented to validate its feasibility.
LDA+: a TCP-friendly adaptation scheme for multimedia communication (2002)

The authors present an end-to-end adaptation scheme, called the enhanced loss-delay based adaptation algorithm (LDA+), for regulating the transmission behavior of multimedia senders in accordance with the network congestion state. LDA+ uses the real-time transport protocol (RTP) for collecting loss and delay statistics which are then used for adjusting the transmission behavior of the senders in a manner similar to TCP connections suffering from similar losses and delays. Performance results collected using simulations and measurements over the Internet suggest the efficiency of LDA+ in terms of network utilization, congestion avoidance and fairness towards competing TCP connections.