gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ftsz Ring Formation at the Chloroplast Division Site in Plants (2001)

Among the events that accompanied the evolution of chloroplasts from their endosymbiotic ancestors was the host cell recruitment of the prokaryotic cell division protein FtsZ to function in chloroplast division. FtsZ, a structural homologue of tubulin, mediates cell division in bacteria by assembling into a ring at the midcell division site. In higher plants, two nuclear-encoded forms of FtsZ, FtsZ1 and FtsZ2, play essential and functionally distinct roles in chloroplast division, but whether this involves ring formation at the division site has not been determined previously. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and expression of green fluorescent protein fusion proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana, we demonstrate here that FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 localize to coaligned rings at the chloroplast midpoint. Antibodies specific for recognition of FtsZ1 or FtsZ2 proteins in Arabidopsis also recognize related polypeptides and detect midplastid rings in pea and tobacco, suggesting that midplastid ring formation by FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 is universal among flowering plants. Perturbation in the level of either protein in transgenic plants is accompanied by plastid division defects and assembly of FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 into filaments and filament networks not observed in wild-type, suggesting that previously described FtsZ-containing cytoskeletal-like networks in chloroplasts may be artifacts of FtsZ overexpression.
Event-based multimedia object scheduling algorithm (2004)

`Time′ and `user event′ facts in nondeterministic multimedia presentation make a scheduler hard to determine when multimedia objects are to be rendered. The paper proposes a scheduling algorithm, called Event-based Scheduling (EBS) algorithm which is composed of two steps, preprocessing step and rendering step. In the preprocessing step, all user interaction (event) facts and ail temporal facts of begin condition are converted into `event + time′ fact. After the preprocessing step that sets start condition with `event + time’ fact, event-based table (waiting list) is generated and used to render multimedia objects in rendering step.
A Systems Model of Vesicle Trafficking in Arabidopsis Pollen Tubes   (2009)

A systems model that describes vesicle trafficking during pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was constructed. The model is composed of ordinary differential equations that connect the molecular functions of genes expressed in pollen. The current model requires soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) and small GTPases, Arf or Rab, to reasonably predict tube growth as a function of time. Tube growth depends on vesicle trafficking that transports phospholipid and pectin to the tube tip. The vesicle trafficking genes identified by analyzing publicly available transcriptome data comprised 328 genes. Fourteen of them are up-regulated by the gibberellin signaling pathway during pollen development, which includes the SNARE genes SYP124 and SYP125 and the Rab GTPase gene RABA4D. The model results adequately fit the pollen tube growth of both previously reported wild-type and raba4d knockout lines. Furthermore, the difference of pollen tube growth in syp124/syp125 single and double mutations was quantitatively predicted based on the model analysis. In general, a systems model approach to vesicle trafficking arguably demonstrated the importance of the functional connections in pollen tube growth and can help guide future research directions.
Automata (1971)

This paper discusses a practical programming language specially designed to aid teachers and students of Computer Science courses which deal with mathematical machines. The first section outlines the motivation for developing such a language in the Computer Science curriculum. Next the criteria which were used to design the language are listed. The characteristics of <u>Automata</u>, the interpreter of this language, are discussed next. Concluding remarks note the results of using <u>Automata</u> as a teaching aid in three Computer Science courses at the Pennsylvania State University. The User's Guide to <u>Automata</u> is attached as the Appendix.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Activation of Nuclear Transcription Factor-κB in Marrow Macrophages Is Mediated by c-Src Tyrosine Phosphorylation of IκBα (1998)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) exerts its transcriptional effects via activation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB). NF-kappaB is sequestered in the cytosol by Ikappa Balpha and, in most cells, released upon serine phosphorylation of this inhibitory protein which then undergoes rapid, ubiquitin-dependent degradation. In contrast, we find TNF induction of NF-kappaB in murine bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), is mediated, by c-Src, in a cell, and cytokine specific manner. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase is rapidly mobilized and activated upon TNF exposure. Within the same time frame, TNF induced c-Src associates with Ikappa Balpha in a long lived complex. The proto-oncogene, when associated with Ikappa Balpha phosphorylates the inhibitory protein on tyrosine 42. Consistent with the pivotal role played by c-Src in TNF-induced Ikappa Balpha tyrosine phosphorylation, NF-kappaB activation, by the cytokine, is markedly delayed and reduced in c-src-/- BMMs. Underscoring the physiological significance of c-Src activation of NF-kappaB, TNF induction of IL-6, which is an NF-kappaB mediated event, is substantially diminished in c-src-/- BMMs.
CO2 Self-Healing and Resistant Cement Technology From Laboratory to the Field (2017)

Abstract In a joint effort, an oil and gas operator and a service company have undertaken research to help overcome well integrity and cementing fluids challenges in the presalt wells of Brazil where some fields present high levels of CO2 in reservoir fluids. Results are provided from the laboratory phase to cement placement evaluation. The new approach is to provide a cementing system that is not only resistant to CO2 attack but also has a self-healing capability in the presence of fluids containing CO2. The validation of the CO2 selfhealing and resistant cement technology was initiated at laboratory level. Then, a yard test with real-time field parameters was performed, proving that the new slurry can be mixed and pumped using conventional cementing equipment. Finally, an onshore well in Brazil served as a test well for deploying and evaluating the new CO2 self-healing and resistant cement system in the field. The technology consists of an engineered particle size distribution (EPSD) blend containing a reactive material that swells upon contact with CO2. This swelling allows the closure of microfissures and/or the reduction of the microannulus, which heals the cement sheath and reestablishes the integrity of the well. Then, a large-scale yard test was performed to evaluate real-time field parameters such as the fluidity and homogeneity of the dry blend and the mixability of the slurry using conventional cementing equipment. After the success of the yard test, the technology was deployed in Brazil. During the field test, 8 m3 [50 bbl] of 1,900 kg/m3 [15.8 lbm/gal] CO2 self-healing cement was pumped downhole and placed in the annular space between a 7-in. casing and a 8.5-in. open hole to promote casing support and zonal isolation in the production zone. The CO2 self-healing and resistant cement overcomes the deficiencies of conventional Portland cement in carbon dioxide environments and presents an advantage over other available technologies designed to withstand CO2 attack by maintaining zonal isolation and long-term well integrity. Moreover, this technology can be applied in any field in the world where CO2 is regulated and/or entails risk for operators or the general public.
Allelic Variation of MHC Structure Alters Peptide Ligands to Induce Atypical Partial Agonistic CD8+ T Cell Function (2003)

T cell receptors recognize small changes in peptide ligands leading to different T cell responses. Here, we analyzed a panel of HLA-A2-Tax11-19 reactive T cell clones to examine how small allelic variations of MHC molecules could alter the functional outcome of antigen recognition. Similar to the effects induced by antigenic altered peptide ligands, weak or partial agonistic T cell functions were identified in individual T cell clones with the recognition of MHC-altered peptide ligands (MAPLs). Interestingly, one subtype of HLA-A2 molecules induced an unusual type of partial agonistic function; proliferation without cytotoxicity. Modeling of crystallographic data indicated that polymorphic amino acids in the HLA-A2 peptide binding groove, especially the D-pocket, were responsible for this partial agonism. Reciprocal mutations of the Tax peptide side chain engaging the D-pocket indeed restored the agonist functions of the MHC-peptide complex. Whereas early intracellular signaling events were not efficiently induced by these MAPLs, phosphorylated c-Jun slowly accumulated with sustained long-term expression. These data indicate that MAPLs can induce atypical partial agonistic T cell function through structural and biochemical mechanisms similar to altered peptide ligands.
New flying-capacitor-based multilevel converter with optimized number of switches and capacitors controlled with a new logic-form-equation based active voltage balancing technique (2016)

The flying-capacitor-based multicell converter is one of the well-known breeds of multilevel power converters. This paper proposes a new flying-capacitor-based multilevel converter to minimize the number of flying capacitors (FCs) and power switches. The advantage of the proposed FC-based multilevel converter in comparison with the conventional flying capacitor multicell converter is the fewer number of FCs. In comparison with the stacked multicell converter, the proposed multilevel converter requires less number of the semiconductor switches. In order to balance the voltage of the FCs in proposed multilevel converter, a new active voltage balancing method which is fully implemented utilizing logic-form equations is presented. The proposed voltage balancing method, measures output current and FC voltages to generate switching states to produce the required output voltage level as well as balance FC voltages at their reference values. The output voltage of the proposed multilevel converter controlled with suggested active voltage balancing method can be modulated with any pulse-width-modulation (PWM) method such as phase-shifted-carrier PWM (PSC-PWM) or level-shifted-carrier PWM (LSC-PWM). Simulation results and experimental measurements of proposed FC-based multilevel are presented to verify performance of the proposed converter, and its novel switching and modulation strategy which is based on the active voltage balancing method.
Heparin binding protein is increased in chronic leg ulcer fluid and released from granulocytes by secreted products of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2004)

Recently it was demonstrated by Gautam, et al. that release of neutrophil-borne heparin-binding protein (HBP), also known as CAP37/azurocidin, induced endothelial hyperpermeability and neutrophil efflux. Here, we show that chronic leg ulcer fluid, in contrast to wound fluid from acute wounds, contains highly increased levels of HBP. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of HBP in chronic ulcer tissues. Furthermore, secreted products of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to induce release of HBP from human neutrophils. Our data suggest a possible link between bacterial presence and HBP-release in chronic ulcers. Thus, targeting HBP offers an interesting option for reduction of endothelial barrier dysfunction in chronic ulcers.
Benefits of Operating Doubly Fed Induction Generators by Modular Multilevel Matrix Converters (2013)

The benefits of supplying the rotor circuit of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) by the Modular Multilevel Matrix Converter (M3C) are presented. The M3C allows higher rotor voltages, lower rotor currents and a higher redundancy compared to existing solutions. Filters are dispensable due to the generated multilevel voltages. In case of a line voltage drop the M3C arm voltages can be used to generate temporarily higher rotor voltages which may help to control the rotor currents during faults.
Colloidal Polymerization of Polymer-Coated Ferromagnetic Cobalt Nanoparticles into Pt-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Nanowires (2011)

In this report, functional one-dimensional (1-D) Pt-Co3O4 heterostruc-tures with enhanced electrochemical properties were synthesized via colloidal polymerization of polymer-coated ferromagnetic cobalt nanoparticles (PS-CoNPs). Colloidal polymerization of dipolar nanoparticles into hollow metal−semiconductor nanowires was achieved via a consecutive galvanic replacement reaction between Co0 and Pt2+ precursors, followed by a nanoscale Kirkendall oxidation reaction and a calcination treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-angle annular dark field scanning TEM (HAADF-STEM), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed the structural and morphological evolution of the hollow cobalt oxide nanowires (D = 40 nm) with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs; D ∼ 2 nm) entrapped within the growing oxide shell. Various calcination conditions were investigated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to obtain the optimal surface composition of the metallic Pt and semiconducting Co3O4 phases. Cyclic voltammetry of the 1-D Pt-Co3O4 heterostructures demonstrated a sevenfold enhancement in specific capacitance in comparison to the pristine Co3O4 nanowires. Preliminary results also showed that the calcined 1-D Pt-Co3O4 heterostructures catalytically hydrogenate methyl orange, and the rates of the hydrogenation were dependent on surface composition.
[The determination of the level of resection of the esophagus taking into account its blood supply]. (1996)

Inadequate blood supply is one of the major reasons of esophageal anastomosis incompetence. The authors have examined esophageal blood supply as regards of the operative technique. The esophageal vascular system was studied by the method of intraarterial impregnation in 40 cadavers. Two segments, crucial for esophageal anastomosis, have been determined: retropericardial segment in case of the lower esophageal artery ligation and the upper segment of the thoracic esophagus in case of its extreme mobilization in proximal direction and ligation of lower thyroid arteries. The results of 175 operations were analysed. The direct correlation between the frequency of anastomotic incompetence and the level of its formation was determined. In the zone with an inadequate blood supply the complication occurred in 4 patients of 25 (16%). In other cases the rate of incompetence was 3.2%. No cases of incompetence were observed in 61 patients after anastomosis was performed with due regard for esophageal blood supply.
Heterodyne holographic microscopy of gold particles (2008)

We report experimental results on heterodyne holographic microscopy of subwavelength-size gold particles. The apparatus uses continuous green-laser illumination of the metal beads in a total internal reflection configuration for dark-field operation. Detection of the scattered light at the illumination wavelength on a charge-coupled-device array detector enables 3D localization of brownian particles in water.
Operating manual for the PSE and G hydrogen reservoir containing iron titanium hydride (1974)

the necessary thermal load. In this case the hydrogen is stored as iron titanium hydride in a pressure vessel; porous metal tubing is used for the barrier, and an internal heat exchanger is provided to handle the thermal load. The hydride may be cycled many times provided gaseous impurities that degrade its performance are excluded from the system. Water at readily available temperatures (approximately 60 and 120 deg F) is suitable for use as the heat exchange medium. Tests have shown that design specifications may be exceeded. It will take up H/sub 2/ at a rate >1.5 lb/hr, deliver it at a rate>1.0 lb/hr, and its working capacity is significantly more than the 10 lb of H/sub 2/ originally specified. A compressor (500-psig rating) is required to pressurize H/sub 2/ leaving the electrolyzer in order to obtain a practical sorption rate. The temperature and flow rate of the water in the heat exchanger tubes also are an important factor with respect to sorption and desorption rates. (MCW)
Improved lumbar infusion test analysis for normal pressure hydrocephalus diagnosis (2018)

By avoiding methodological pitfalls, and optimal analysis of the results from lumbar infusion test, the number of NPH patients who do not have a successful outcome after shunt operation may be further decreased.
Placenta‐specific gene activation and inactivation using integrase‐defective lentiviral vectors with the Cre/<i>LoxP</i> system (2009)

Transgenic and knockout studies have advanced our understanding of the genetic control of embryonic development over the past decades. However, interpretation of the phenotype of mutant mice is potentially complicated, since the commonly used knockout approach modifies both the fetal and placental genome. To circumvent this problem, we previously developed a placenta-specific gene manipulation system by lentiviral vector transduction of embryos at the blastocyst stage. In the present study, by combination with the Cre/LoxP system, we successfully demonstrate placenta-specific gene activation and inactivation in EGFP reporter mice and Ets2 floxed mice, respectively. Transient expression using integrase-defective lentiviral (IDLV) vectors diminished the toxic effect of Cre expression and solved the dilemma of mosaic recombination with lower concentrations and toxic effects with higher concentrations of Cre recombinase. We also show that placenta-specific Ets2 disruption causes embryonic lethality and reconfirmed the critical role of Ets2 during placentation. This technology facilitates both gain and loss of gene function analyses in placental development during pregnancy. Since IDLV vectors can efficiently transduce a variety of cell types similarly to wild-type vectors, our IDLV-Cre strategy is potentially useful for a wide range of applications.
Analysis of Salivary Microbiome in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (2019)

Recent studies found that poor oral hygiene was associated with increased risk of dementia, and the number of oral bacteria significantly increased in the brain tissues of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting that the oral microbiota may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the actual composition of oral bacteria communities in patients with AD and whether these oral bacteria are associated with disease severity remain largely unknown. Also, the APOEɛ4 polymorphism is a strong risk factor for sporadic AD, and it would be pertinent to see if the bacterial flora was different in those patients who were APOEɛ4 positive. A total of 78 subjects were recruited in this study, including 39 patients with AD and 39 healthy controls. Saliva was collected from each subject. 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing was conducted to analyze the salivary microbiota, and Sanger sequencing was performed to analyze the APOE genotype. There was a significantly lower richness and diversity of saliva microbiota detected in AD patients than healthy controls. The relative abundance of Moraxella, Leptotrichia, and Sphaerochaeta in the saliva of AD patients greatly increased, whereas that of Rothia was significantly reduced. Compared with APOEɛ4 (-) patients, the level of Abiotrophia and Desulfomicrobium was comparatively abundant, while Actinobacillus and Actinomyces decreased significantly in patients carrying the APOEɛ4. No bacteria were found to be associated with the severity of AD. This is the first study to analyze the salivary microorganisms in patients with AD, and we discovered that the composition of salivary microbiome was altered in AD, providing further support for the role of the oral microbiome in AD development.
Slow Conduction in Cardiac Tissue, I (1998)

It was the aim of this study to characterize the spread of activation at the cellular level in cardiac tissue during conduction slowing, a key element of reentrant arrhythmias; therefore, activation patterns were assessed at high spatiotemporal resolution in narrow (70 to 80 microm) and wide (230 to 270 microm) linear strands of cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, using multiple site optical recording of transmembrane voltage. Slow conduction was induced by graded elevation of [K+]o, by applying tetrodotoxin, or by exposing the preparations to the gap junctional uncouplers palmitoleic acid or 1-octanol. The main findings of the study are 4-fold: (1) gap junctional uncoupling reduced conduction velocity (range, 37 to 47 cm/s under control conditions) to a substantially larger extent before block (</=1 cm/s; ultra-slow conduction) than did a reduction of excitability (range, approximately 10 to 15 cm/s); (2) activation wavefronts during uncoupling meandered within the boundaries of the preparations, resulting in a pronounced additional slowing of conduction in wide cell strands; (3) at the cellular level, propagation during uncoupling-induced ultra-slow conduction was sustained by sequentially activated tissue patches, each of which consisted of a few cells being activated simultaneously; and (4) depending on the uncoupler used, maximal action potential upstroke velocities during ultra-slow conduction were either slightly (palmitoleic acid) or highly (1-octanol) depressed. Thus, depolarizing inward currents, the spatial pattern and degree of gap junctional coupling, and geometrical factors all contribute in a concerted manner to conduction slowing, which, at its extreme (0.25 cm/s measured over 1 mm), can reach values low enough to permit, theoretically, reentrant excitation to occur in minuscule areas of cardiac tissue (<<1 mm2).
Asymmetric Synthesis of .alpha.-Amino Acids by Copper-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to Optically Active Carbamatoacrylates (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric Synthesis of .alpha.-Amino Acids by Copper-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to Optically Active CarbamatoacrylatesPeter A. Lander and Louis S. HegedusCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 18, 8126–8132Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00097a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00097a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1010Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts