gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conventional and associative memory-based spelling checkers (2002)

Conventional and emerging neural approaches to fault-tolerant data retrieval when the input keyword and/or database itself may contain noise (errors) are reviewed. Spelling checking is used as a primary example to illustrate various approaches and to contrast the difference between conventional (algorithmic) techniques and research methods based on neural associative memories. Recent research on associative spelling checkers is summarized and some original results are presented. It is concluded that most neural models do not provide a viable solution for robust data retrieval due to saturation and scaling problems. However, a combination of conventional and neural approaches is shown to have excellent error correction rates and low computational costs; hence, it can be a good choice for robust data retrieval in large databases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of rigid-flex and multilayer flex for electronic packaging (2010)

Recent development work on flex joining using different pre-pregs is highlighted, particularly with respect to their integration in laminate chip carrier substrates, and the reliability of the joints formed between the rigid and flex surfaces. A variety of rigid-flex structures were fabricated, with 1 to 3 flex layers laminated into printed wiring board substrates. Photographs and optical microscopy were used to investigate the joining, bending, and failure mechanism. Flexibility decreased with increasing number of metal layers. The flexibility of the various flexes was characterized by roll diameter and bend angle. Flex substrates exhibited roll diameter with polyimide dielectric as low as 180 mils for 2 metal layers, and as high as 1300 mils for 6 metal layers. Similarly, bending for 12 metal layers flex with thin and thick dielectric were <;1 inch and >1 inch, respectively. Reliability of the rigid-flex was ascertained by IR-reflow, thermal cycling, pressure cooker test (PCT), and solder shock. There was no delamination for Resin coated copper (rigid)-polyimide (flex) samples after IR-reflow, PCT, and solder shock. The paper also describes a novel approach for the fabrication of flexible electronics on PDMS substrates. It was found that with increasing thickness, the flexibility of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based substrate decreased less due to stretching property of PDMS. The present process evaluates the fabrication of PDMS substrates using different circuit lines and spaces.
Prehospital Stabilization of Critically Injured Patients (1985)

Prehospital resuscitation and stabilization of major trauma victims is increasingly employed. To evaluate the benefits of one such maneuver, fluid administration, we reviewed 52 consecutive trauma cases in which patients had a blood pressure of less than 100 mm Hg either at the scene or on arrival to hospital. In all cases, transport time to hospital was less than IV establishment time. Fluid volume infused had little influence on final outcomes. A percentage of patients with correctable surgical lesions might have been salvaged had prompt transport been instituted. Field maneuvers in critically injured patients should be minimized to decrease ultimate mortality.
1.4-$\mu\hbox{m}$-Pitch 50% Fill-Factor 1T Charge-Modulation Pixel for CMOS Image Sensors (2008)

Ring-gate implementation of single-transistor charge modulation pixel structure obviates the need to employ shallow trench isolation for pixel isolation. This enables achievements of smaller pixel size and/or higher fill factor. It also reduces dark current by minimizing surface component contribution and band-to-band tunneling effect. Characteristics of a ring-gate 1.4-pitch 50% fill-factor pixel are compared with those of a rectangular-gate 2.2-pitch 46% fill-factor pixel, both being in a 0.13- complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process. The 1.4-pitch ring-gate pixel has an improved conversion gain and a degraded full well capacity (FWC), as can be roughly predicted according to scaling law. It also shows substantial reductions on dark current, temporal noise, and fixed pattern noise. The resulting signal-to-noise ratio outweighs degradation of FWC, which allows a larger dynamic range.
Computational complexity of image processing algorithms for an intelligent mobile enabled tongue diagnosis scheme (2016)

Tongue diagnosis is an auxiliary, effective and non-invasive technique to evaluate the condition of a patient's internal organ in traditional East Asian medicine. The diagnosis process relies on expert's opinion based on visual inspection of colour, substance, coating, form and motion of the tongue. This work explores the computational complexity of image processing techniques to analyse chromatic properties and textural features for tongue image segmentation. The dynamic and novel approach of this work involves consideration of skin colour covering various range of contrast diversity while image segmentation, making it distinct from existing works. The aim of this research is to seek for an algorithm with reduced computational complexity suitable to be implemented in an enhanced mobile enable solution. The algorithm for tongue image processing needs to be fast and less complex making the system apt for mobile devices executing automatic tongue diagnosis entailing clinical decision support system. Analysing the performance of different colour models, RGB was unveiled to have a better enactment than others. The performance of edge detection techniques were evaluated on images with close contrast difference based on segmentation result and processing time. The morphological processing showed better result to separate the tongue from its background which can be further employed for geometric shape based disease diagnosis.
What are the Psychiatric Manifestations of Vitamin B <sub>12</sub> Deficiency? (1988)

Psychiatric symptoms attributable to vitamin B12 deficiency have been described for decades. The earlier reports are for the most part in accord with more recent ones, despite being diagnostically less specific in psychiatric and hematologic terms. These symptoms seem to fall into several clinically separate categories: slow cerebration; confusion; memory changes; delirium, with or without hallucinations and/or delusions; depression; acute psychotic states; and (more rarely) reversible manic and schizophreniform states. While there still remain abundant hematologic, psychiatric, neurologic, or nutritional reasons for obtaining a serum vitamin B12 level, its use in the investigation of the etiology of a patient's dementia seems unjustified. However, acute or subacute changes in a demented patient's mental status, specifically a clouding of their consciousness, may make such testing advisable as part of the complete workup of their delirium regardless of a normal hematologic picture.
Evidence for p62 aggregate formation: Role in cell survival (2005)

The polyubiquitin-binding protein p62 has been shown to localize in aggregates common to several types of diseases. Here, we report that p62 forms independent fibrillar aggregates in vitro in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. FTIR spectra and ThT fluorescence assay of p62 reveals increased beta-sheet content as aggregates form compared to the native protein. The fibrillar nature of the aggregates was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Overexpression of p62 in HEK cells results in aggregate formation that may protect cells from apoptosis. Altogether, these results suggest that p62 fibrils may influence cell viability and indicates an important role for p62 in aggresome formation.
Cardiovascular disease and vitamins. Concurrent correction of 'suboptimal' plasma antioxidant levels may, as important part of 'optimal' nutrition, help to prevent early stages of cardiovascular disease and cancer, respectively. (1995)

Epidemiological surveys provided abundant evidence that under steady-state conditions diets rich in antioxidants (from vegetables/fruits and suitable vegetable oils) reduce the relative risk of premature death from CVD and cancer. Material relative risks seem to disappear at 'optimal' antioxidant plasma levels in the order of > or = 50 micromol/l vitamin C, > or = 30 micromol/l lipid-standardized vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio > or = 5.1-5.2), > or = 2.2 micromol/l vitamin A, and > or = 0.4 micromol/l beta-carotene or > or = 0.4-0.5 micromol/l alpha-plus beta-carotene. Levels 25-35% below these thresholds predict an at least 2-fold higher risk. 'Suboptimal' levels of any single antioxidant may increase the relative risk independently. Accordingly, 'suboptimal' levels of several antioxidants predict a further increase of risk. Data on habitual voluntary multivitamin supplements providing an adequate supply of either vitamins A, C or E, and of beta-carotene in smokers, indicates that steady-state 'optimization' reduces more or less regularly the relative risk of CVD and cancer respectively. Simple counting of multivitamins regardless of their composition did not reveal any risk reduction. The antioxidant-related health benefits seem to depend on an adequacy of all antioxidants, and possibly of nonantioxidant nutrients as well. Thereby, an overall 'optimal' antioxidant defense system may be more important than excess of any particular 'magic bullet' antioxidant. Although antioxidants may represent a crucially important fraction within a health-maintaining diet, any nonantioxidant conutrients remain to be identified which could condition the health benefits of antioxidants. In randomized antioxidant intervention trials during 5-6 years in middle-aged to elderly subjects in China and Finland, only earlier stages of CVD and cancer respectively were prevented by rectifying previously poor levels. Correspondingly, the incidence of prostate cancer (developing mostly not until the male menopause) was reduced by correction of a previously poor vitamin E status in Finland. In contrast, irreversible precancerous lesions (such as esophageal dysplasia), clonically established common cancers (highly probable for the lung of elderly heavy smokers) as well as (presumably advanced, complicated) vascular lesions of chronic smokers did not respond favorably. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
Electronic Bill Payment and Presentment: The Options for Banks Are Becoming Clear (1998)

Female CBA mice were chronically gamma-irradiated in utero during either of two periods, the 10th to 14th days or the 14th to 18th days of gestation. The doses administered were 34 rad/generation in the earlier group and 160 rad/generation in the latter with dose rates of 0.3 rad/h and 1.7 rad/h, respectively. The doses were given through 9 generations. The effect of the irradiation was expressed as an increased frequency in the rate of recessive lethal equivalents by just above 4%. This corresponds to a mutation rate of 1.5 X 10(-4) mutation/rad/genome in the animals irradiated during the 10th to 14th gestational days and 0.3 X 10(-4) mutation/rad/genome in the 14th to 18th day group. As in earlier investigations, neither dominant mutations nor dominance effects of induced recessive lethal equivalents were found.
Turning pervasive computing into mediated spaces (1999)

With pervasive computing, we envision a future in which computation becomes part of the environment. The computer forms (workstation, personal computer, personal digital assistant, game player) through which we now relate to computation will occupy only a small niche in this new computational world. Our relationship to pervasive computing will differ radically from our current relationship with computers. When computation becomes part of the environment, most human-computer interaction will be implicit, and it will have to take account of physical space. Physical space rarely matters in current human-computer interaction; but as computational devices become part of furniture, walls, and clothing, physical space becomes a necessary consideration. First, more than one person can occupy a space. Second, individuals within the space are doing things other than interacting with the computer: coming and going, and perhaps most strikingly, interacting with each other—not just with the computer. Finally, phy sical space provides a sense of place: individuals associate places with events and recurrent activities. The emerging relationship between people and pervasive computation is sometimes idealized as a “smart space”: the seamless integration of people, computation, and physical reality. This paper focuses on a particular kind of smart space, the “mediated space,” in which the space understands and participates in multiperson interaction. Mediated spaces will expand human capability by providing information management within a context associated with that space. The context will be created by recording interaction within the space and by importing information from the outside. Individuals will interact with the space explicitly in order to retrieve and analyze the information it contains, and implicitly by adding to the context through their speech and gesture. Achieving the vision of mediated spaces will require progress in both behind-the-scenes technology (how devices coordinate their act ivities) and at-the-interface technology (how the space presents itself to people, and how the space deals with multiperson interaction). This paper explores the research challenges in both of these areas, examining the behind-the-scenes requirements of device or manifestation description and context maintenance, as well as the interface problems of metaphor and understanding natural human-to-human spoken interaction.
Wearable EMG-based HCI for Electric-Powered Wheelchair Users with Motor Disabilities (2006)

Electromyogram (EMG) signal generated by voluntary contraction of muscles is often used in rehabilitation devices because of its distinct output characteristics compared to other bio-signals. This paper proposes a wearable EMG-based human-computer interface (HCI) for electric-powered wheelchair users with motor disabilities by C4 or C5 level spinal cord injury. User expresses his intention as shoulder elevation gestures, which are recognized by comparing EMG signals acquired from the levator scapulae muscles with a preset threshold value. In this paper HCI command to control electric-powered wheelchair is made of combinations of left-, right-and both-shoulders elevation gestures. The proposed wearable HCI hardware consists of two active surface electrodes, a high-speed micro-controller, a Bluetooth module, and a battery. Experimental results using the wearable EMG based HCI and the electric-powered wheelchair developed show the proposed wearable EMG-based HCI is feasible for the users with severe motor disabilities.
Nuclear DNA Damage as a Direct Cause of Aging (2009)

This paper presents evidence that damage to nuclear DNA (nDNA) is a direct cause of aging in addition to the effects of nDNA damage on cancer, apoptosis, and cellular senescence. Many studies show significant nDNA damage with age, associated with declining nDNA repair, and this evidence for the decline of nDNA repair with age is also reviewed. Mammalian lifespans correlate with the effectiveness of nDNA repair. The most severe forms of accelerated aging disease in humans are due to nDNA repair defects, and many of these diseases do not exhibit increased cancer incidence. High rates of cellular senescence and apoptosis due to high rates of nDNA damage are apparently the main cause of the elderly phenotype in these diseases. Transgenic mice with high rates of cellular senescence and apoptosis exhibit an elderly phenotype, whereas some strains with low rates of cellular senescence and apoptosis show extended lifespan. Age-associated increases of nDNA damage in the brain may be problematic for rejuvenation because neurons may be difficult to replace and artificial nDNA repair could be difficult.
Surface-related multiple elimination and wavelet estimation (1992)

The earth's surface is the main multiple generator. In the method described in this paper the influence of the (perfectly) reflecting free surface is removed from the seismic data by an inversion proces. A significant advantage of this method is the fact that no information about the subsurface need be specified. The seismic data itself is used as the multiple prediction operator. Therefore all propagation and reflection effects of the subsurface are automatically taken into account. On the other hand a source wavelet is needed to make a proper prediction of the multiples. By applying the method adaptively this problem can be solved. Hence, application of the surface-related multiple elimination method yields an estimate of the source wavelet as well. In addition the multiple free output is perfectly scaled.
Electrochemical Stability of an Electrolyte of LiPF<sub>6</sub> in Carbonate Ester Containing Trialkoxyboroxine with LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Cathode (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Cardiac myofibroblasts isolated from the site of myocardial infarction express endothelin de novo (2003)

Recently it was demonstrated that treatment with a nonselective endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist significantly reduces myocardial infarct size, which suggests a major role for ET in tissue repair following myocardial infarction (MI). Tissue repair and remodeling found at the site of MI are mainly attributed to myofibroblasts (myoFbs), which are phenotypically transformed fibroblasts that express alpha-smooth muscle actin. It is unclear whether myoFbs generate ET peptides and consequentially regulate pathophysiological functions de novo through expression of the ET-1 precursor (prepro-ET-1), ET-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), a metalloprotease that is required to convert Big ET-1 to ET-1 and ET receptors. To address these intriguing questions, we used cultured myoFbs isolated from 4-wk-old MI scar tissue. In cultured cells, we found: 1) expression of mRNA for ET precursor gene (ppET1), ECE-1, and ETA and ETB receptors by semiquantitative RT-PCR; 2) phosphoramidon-sensitive ECE-1 activity, which converts Big ET-1 to biologically active peptide ET-1; 3) expression of ETA and ETB receptors; 4) elaboration of Big ET-1 and ET-1 peptides in myoFb culture media; and 5) upregulation of type I collagen gene expression and synthesis by ET, which was blocked by bosentan (a nonselective ETA- and ETB receptor blocker). These studies clearly indicated that myoFbs express and generate ET-1 and receptor-mediated modulation of type I collagen expression by ET-1. Locally generated ET-1 may contribute to tissue repair of the infarcted heart in an autocrine/paracrine manner.
A purine-rich intronic element enhances alternative splicing of thyroid hormone receptor mRNA (2001)

The mammalian thyroid hormone receptor gene c-erbAalpha gives rise to two mRNAs that code for distinct isoforms, TRalpha1 and TRalpha2, with antagonistic functions. Alternative processing of these mRNAs involves the mutually exclusive use of a TRalpha1-specific polyadenylation site or TRalpha2-specific 5' splice site. A previous investigation of TRalpha minigene expression defined a critical role for the TRalpha2 5' splice site in directing alternative processing. Mutational analysis reported here shows that purine residues within a highly conserved intronic element, SEa2, enhance splicing of TRalpha2 in vitro as well as in vivo. Although SEalpha2 is located within the intron of TRalpha2 mRNA, it activates splicing of a heterologous dsx pre-mRNA when located in the downstream exon. Competition with wild-type and mutant RNAs indicates that SEalpha2 functions by binding trans-acting factors in HeLa nuclear extract. Protein-RNA crosslinking identifies several proteins, including SF2/ASF and hnRNP H, that bind specifically to SEalpha2. SEalpha2 also includes an element resembling a 5' splice site consensus sequence that is critical for splicing enhancer activity. Mutations within this pseudo-5' splice site sequence have a dramatic effect on splicing and protein binding. Thus SEa2 and its associated factors are required for splicing of TRalpha2 pre-mRNA.
A ceramic/polymer composite solid electrolyte for sodium batteries (2016)

A solvent-free ceramic/polymer composite solid electrolyte has been proposed and demonstrated well in solid-state Na batteries for the first time.
A Survey and Analysis of Multi-Robot Coordination (2013)

In the field of mobile robotics, the study of multi-robot systems (MRSs) has grown significantly in size and importance in recent years. Having made great progress in the development of the basic problems concerning single-robot control, many researchers shifted their focus to the study of multi-robot coordination. This paper presents a systematic survey and analysis of the existing literature on coordination, especially in multiple mobile robot systems (MMRSs). A series of related problems have been reviewed, which include a communication mechanism, a planning strategy and a decision-making structure. A brief conclusion and further research perspectives are given at the end of the paper.
Plasmonic Quantum Dots for Nonlinear Optical Applications (2011)

This presentation describes the design of novel plasmonic quantum dots for nonlinear applications, including labels for TPAF-based biomedical imaging, with projected fluorescence intensities >1000X higher than currently-used fluorescent labels.
Thrombotic complications of BMT: association with protein C deficiency. (1993)

A decrease in levels of circulating anticoagulant protein C has been shown to occur following autologous BMT, and this deficiency may contribute to a hypercoagulable state placing patients at risk for thromboembolic events. We report four patients who suffered a variety of thrombotic complications following BMT (non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis, superior vena cava thrombosis, thrombotic stroke, purpura fulminans, small bowel infarction secondary to diffuse microvascular thrombosis), which were preceded by or temporally related to decreased levels of protein C. Treatment with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) led to slight, temporary increases in protein C levels but infusions of FFP did not prevent either death or extension of the thrombus in these four cases, suggesting the need for higher protein C doses and/or concomitant anticoagulation. Though no direct causal relationship between these thrombotic complications and the protein C deficiency can be proved, a generalized hypercoagulable state caused by protein C deficiency may have contributed to the development, severity or progression of these complications.
Increased Expression of Neuronal Apolipoprotein E in Human Brain With Cerebral Infarction (2003)

Accumulation of ApoE in neurons in and around ischemic foci of the human brain is related to an increase in ApoE synthesis in neurons, as seen in cultured neuronal cells after oxidative stress. Intrinsic regenerative activity of neuron in reaction to external insults may be related to this increase in ApoE of neuronal origin.
Utilisation et développement de la méthode du simplexe. Nouvelles procédures d'optimisation de la démarche expérimentale. (2007)

Thèse d'Université de Limoges
Synthesis of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor as homogeneous glycoforms and early comparisons with yeast cell-derived material (2014)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a medicinally important glycoprotein, used as an immunostimulant following bone-marrow transplant. On the basis of reports of its potential utility as an anticancer vaccine adjuvant, we undertook to develop a synthetic route toward single-glycoform GM-CSF. We describe herein a convergent total synthesis of GM-CSF aglycone and two homogeneous glycoforms. Analytical and biological studies confirm the structure and activity of these synthetic congeners.
RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA (1986)

(1986). RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA. Agrekon: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 28-30.