gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Pathogenesis of Disease Due to Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (2003)

To summarize, the pathogenesis of disease due to nontypeable H. influenzae involves multiple steps and the interplay of a number of bacterial and host factors, as shown in Fig. 1. Following entry into the upper respiratory tract, bacteria encounter the mucociliary escalator. The P2 and P5 outer-membrane proteins and probably other factors promote bacterial binding to mucus, and elaboration of LOS causes damage to ciliated cells and impairs mucociliary function. Subsequently, several adhesins, including HMW1 and HMW2, pili, Hia, Hap, and others, mediate direct adherence to nonciliated epithelial cells. Cleavage of IgA1, invasion into cells and the subepithelial space, and phase and antigenic variation facilitate evasion of local immune mechanisms. Binding and uptake of iron and heme allow organisms to persist on the respiratory mucosa despite the relative scarcity of these nutrients. In the setting of a viral infection, allergic disease, or exposure to cigarette smoke, bacteria spread from the nasopharynx to other sites within the respiratory tract and produce symptomatic disease.
Characterized the Microalgae (Chlorella and Spirulina) and Macro Algae by Using TGA and Bomb Calorific Meter for the Biomass Energy Application (2015)

Biomass usually is noticed a composition of various types of waste materials that can be utilized as useful form of energy alternative to the conventional fossil fuels. However, this new kind of energy has not met its full potential in production of energy, especially electricity generation due to its lower performance in terms of thermal efficiency. Algae (included Microalgae & Macroalgae) are widely used for multi-application developments such as fishery aquaculture, food/nutrient supplement, cosmetics, and biomass energy. Microalgae have been treated as the source of bio-fuel. In this paper, we selected the two types of freshwater microalgae "Chlorella Vulgaris" & "Spirulina" and macro algae (Laminariaceae) as the main materials and we analyzed TGA (thermal gravity analysis) and calorific values (heat of combustion). We found the calorific values are 1,000-5,000 KC/KG and TGA results show that the microalgae decrease rapidly after reached 300 C. The results in this paper will be used as a reference material for microalgae multi-oriental energy application and biomass composition proximate and ultimate research development in the future.
Rescue of lethal molybdenum cofactor deficiency by a biosynthetic precursor from Escherichia coli (2004)

Substitution therapies for orphan genetic diseases, including enzyme replacement methods, are frequently hampered by the limited availability of the required therapeutic substance. We describe the isolation of a pterin intermediate from bacteria that was successfully used for the therapy of a hitherto incurable and lethal disease. Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) deficiency is a pleiotropic genetic disorder characterized by the loss of the molybdenum-dependent enzymes sulphite oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase and aldehyde oxidase due to mutations in Moco biosynthesis genes. An intermediate of this pathway-'precursor Z'-is more stable than the cofactor itself and has an identical structure in all phyla. Thus, it was overproduced in the bacterium Escherichia coli, purified and used to inject precursor Z-deficient knockout mice that display a phenotype which resembles that of the human deficiency state. Precursor Z-substituted mice reach adulthood and fertility. Biochemical analyses further suggest that the described treatment can lead to the alleviation of most symptoms associated with human Moco deficiency.
The giant metrewave radio telescope (2000)

Presentation du radiotelescope geant d'onde metrique (GMRT), situe pres de Khodad (longitude 19°06'N, latitude 74°03'E) et de son programme d'observation
Program to study crust and mantle of the Archean craton in southern Africa (1996)

A multidisciplinary research program is studying the structure, composition, and tectonic evolution of the mantle and crust of one of the best preserved early Archean eratons: the Kaapvaal craton in southern Africa. Cratons, which have survived over 2.5 Ga of tectonic activity on the Earth's surface, are more than just old crustal features. They form the stable nuclei of the present‐day continents, comprising regions of thickened lithosphere extending deeper than 200 km.
Viral Inhibition of the Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing (TAP): A Striking Example of Functional Convergent Evolution (2015)

Herpesviruses are large DNA viruses that are highly abundant within their host populations. Even in the presence of a healthy immune system, these viruses manage to cause lifelong infections. This persistence is partially mediated by the virus entering latency, a phase of infection characterized by limited viral protein expression. Moreover, herpesviruses have devoted a significant part of their coding capacity to immune evasion strategies. It is believed that the close coexistence of herpesviruses and their hosts has resulted in the evolution of viral proteins that specifically attack multiple arms of the host immune system. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in antiviral immunity. CTLs recognize their target through viral peptides presented in the context of MHC molecules at the cell surface. Every herpesvirus studied to date encodes multiple immune evasion molecules that effectively interfere with specific steps of the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway. The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) plays a key role in the loading of viral peptides onto MHC class I molecules. This is reflected by the numerous ways herpesviruses have developed to block TAP function. In this review, we describe the characteristics and mechanisms of action of all known virus-encoded TAP inhibitors. Orthologs of these proteins encoded by related viruses are identified, and the conservation of TAP inhibition is discussed. A phylogenetic analysis of members of the family Herpesviridae is included to study the origin of these molecules. In addition, we discuss the characteristics of the first TAP inhibitor identified outside the herpesvirus family, namely, in cowpox virus. The strategies of TAP inhibition employed by viruses are very distinct and are likely to have been acquired independently during evolution. These findings and the recent discovery of a non-herpesvirus TAP inhibitor represent a striking example of functional convergent evolution.
Reverse genlock for synchronous tiled display walls with Smart Internet Displays (2012)

When it comes to creating a very large combined screen comprised of multiple individual displays, a so-called tiled display wall, dedicated graphics and synchronization hardware is commonly used for two reasons: firstly, without compromising display resolution neither spatially nor in the time domain, each display needs to be driven by one discrete frame buffer at the full native display resolution. Secondly, synchronization of the individual displays to a common clock is required for smooth and undistorted reproduction of motion spanning multiple displays. One example for synchronization of multiple frame buffers is digital television broadcast. Herein, audio-visual bitstreams are generated including clock information in order to enable receivers to align playback frequency and phase accordingly, which is termed genlock. In this paper we present an architecture for IP-based reverse genlock, whereas a display clock signal is used both for inter-display synchronization as well as for generator synchronization. The accuracy of the synchronization enables multi-HD active stereoscopy at 120 Hz across many solely IP-interconnected displays.
Purification of Tetraethylenepentamine (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurification of TetraethylenepentamineE. H. Gause, T. B. Crumpler, and H. B. JonassenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 11, 5457Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01155a521https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01155a521research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adjustment of the Position of the Reference Tap of an Adaptive Equalizer (1973)

The present structure of adaptive least mean-square error (LMSE) equalizers for data transmission has an unnecessary constraint of a fixed position for the reference tap. This constraint limits their performance. In this paper a gradient-directed method of adjusting the position of the reference tap is developed to minimize the mean-square distortion (MSD). A scheme for implementing this modified equalizer is proposed. Results of computer simulation are shown that indicate that for channels with delay distortion some improvement in performance can be achieved.
Dhwani (2013)

Near Field Communication (NFC) enables physically proximate devices to communicate over very short ranges in a peer-to-peer manner without incurring complex network configuration overheads. However, adoption of NFC-enabled applications has been stymied by the low levels of penetration of NFC hardware. In this paper, we address the challenge of enabling NFC-like capability on the existing base of mobile phones. To this end, we develop Dhwani, a novel, acoustics-based NFC system that uses the microphone and speakers on mobile phones, thus eliminating the need for any specialized NFC hardware. A key feature of Dhwani is the JamSecure technique, which uses self-jamming coupled with self-interference cancellation at the receiver, to provide an information-theoretically secure communication channel between the devices. Our current implementation of Dhwani achieves data rates of up to 2.4 Kbps, which is sufficient for most existing NFC applications.
Pulse Switching: Toward a Packet-Less Protocol Paradigm for Event Sensing (2011)

This paper presents a novel pulse switching protocol framework for ultra light-weight wireless network applications. The key idea is to abstract a single Ultra Wide Band (UWB) pulse as the information switching granularity. Pulse switching is shown to be sufficient for on-off style event monitoring applications for which a monitored parameter can be modeled using a binary variable. Monitoring such events with conventional packet transport can be prohibitively energy-inefficient due to the communication, processing, and buffering overheads of the large number of bits within a packet's data, header, and preambles for synchronization. The paper presents a joint MAC-routing protocol architecture for pulse switching with a novel hop-angular event localization strategy. Through analytical modeling and simulation-based experiments it is shown that pulse switching can be an effective means for event networking, which can potentially replace the traditional packet transport when the information to be transported is binary in nature.
Offloading in Mobile Cloudlet Systems with Intermittent Connectivity (2015)

The emergence of mobile cloud computing enables mobile users to offload applications to nearby mobile resource-rich devices (i.e., cloudlets) to reduce energy consumption and improve performance. However, due to mobility and cloudlet capacity, the connections between a mobile user and mobile cloudlets can be intermittent. As a result, offloading actions taken by the mobile user may fail (e.g., the user moves out of communication range of cloudlets). In this paper, we develop an optimal offloading algorithm for the mobile user in such an intermittently connected cloudlet system, considering the users' local load and availability of cloudlets. We examine users' mobility patterns and cloudlets' admission control, and derive the probability of successful offloading actions analytically. We formulate and solve a Markov decision process (MDP) model to obtain an optimal policy for the mobile user with the objective to minimize the computation and offloading costs. Furthermore, we prove that the optimal policy of the MDP has a threshold structure. Subsequently, we introduce a fast algorithm for energy-constrained users to make offloading decisions. The numerical results show that the analytical form of the successful offloading probability is a good estimation in various mobility cases. Furthermore, the proposed MDP offloading algorithm for mobile users outperforms conventional baseline schemes.
An efficient strategy for detection of known and new mutations of the CYP2D6 gene using single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (1995)

To detect mutations in the cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 gene (CYP2D6), we developed a strategy based on single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The efficiency of the method was evaluated by analysing DNA samples from extensive metabolizers (EM) and poor metabolizers (PM) of debrisoquine. Haplotypes, alleles and mutations of CYP2D6 had previously been characterized in each individual using PCR assays, Xba I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequencing. PCR-SSCP results were in complete agreement with those obtained using established methods. All previously characterized mutations were associated with particular shifts in the electrophoretic mobility of DNA fragments allowing their identification. We further tested the efficiency of PCR-SSCP for detecting new CYP2D6 mutations. DNA from a PM subject presumed to carry an unknown non-functional mutant allele of CYP2D6 was amplified and bands with aberrant migration patterns were observed on SSCP gels. Sequence analysis of the corresponding DNA fragments revealed the causative mutations. In this way, a novel non-functional allele of the gene, carrying three previously reported mutations and a new mutation in the third exon which results in a premature termination codon, was characterized. Finally, CYP2D6 SSCP analysis was performed on DNA amplified with fluorescent primers and an automated DNA sequencer was used for SSCP analysis of products. We conclude that the PCR-SSCP approach is a powerful method of identifying simultaneously known and new mutations of the CYP2D6 gene.
Advanced two-photon absorption devices for high speed switching and demultiplexing applications (2005)

We report the study of two-photon absorption in advanced quantum-confined devices. In preliminary experiments, a dynamic range of over 4 decades of signal intensity is observed for the TPA signal in InAs/InGaAs quantum confined devices.
FREQUENCY OF SENSORYMOTOR NEUROPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETICS (2008)

Objectives: To determine the frequency of sensory motor neuropathy in type 2 diabetics at the time of presentation to the hospital. Study design: Non interventional, descriptive. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted at Medical Unit-1, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, from November 2005 to April 2006. Patients of different ages and either gender with history of confirmed diabetes for ten years and above, on regular follow up were included. Those with non-diabetic causes of hyperglycemia or neuropathy were excluded. Relevant features like age, gender, treatment, symptoms , signs, nerve conduction study (NCS) results, duration of Diabetes mellitus (DM), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and serum values of glycosylated hemoglobin (HB1Ac) were recorded. Results: Out of a total of 300 patients, there were 111 female and 189 male patients. Mean age was 58 11.23 years. Mean duration of diabetes was 13.6 5.48 years. One hundred and twenty three patients had symptoms of neuropathy. Clinical examination revealed mixed sensory and motor signs in 135 (45%) patients. Nerve conduction studies revealed abnormalities in 159 (53%) patients. Among patients having an abnormal NCS, the fasting blood glucose (FBS) was <120 mg/dl in 12 (7.5%) patients, while it was > 120mg/dl in 147 (91%) patients. The glycosylated hemoglobin ranged from 4-15% with mean of 8.1% and standard deviation of 2.5%. This showed significant association (p <0.001) of peripheral neuropathy with abnormal FBS, HB1Ac and duration of diabetes. Conclusion: NCS diagnosed the neuropathy in more than half of the total number of patients, including both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Majority of the patients revealed symmetrical and a mixed type (motor and sensory) polyneuropathy. This shows that nerve conduction may not be concordant with the clinical signs and symptoms. NCS detects neuropathy much earlier, before it becomes evident clinically. The neuropathy is associated with abonromal fasting blood sugar, HBIAC and duration of diabetes.
TAXONOMY OF GENUS PSEUDOMONAS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR MODES OF METABOLISM OF CARBON COMPOUNDS (1963)

Using 28 species and 202 strains belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, comparative studies were made of the capacity of utilizing various organic compounds, of metabolizing carbohydrate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, of oxidizing gluconate, of producing acetylmethyl carbinol, etc. By and large, the metabolic features were found to be closely correlated to the pigmentation characteristics of the organisms, according to which the present authors have classified the genus Pseudomonas into three groups: namely fluorescent group, achromogenic group and chromogenic group. Nearly all the strains known as oxidative bacteria such as Ps. aeruginosa, Ps. ovalis, and Ps. schuylkilliensis were found to belong to the fluorescent group, while the strains belonging to the other two groups are generally poor in oxidative activities.
Mikrowellenbasierter Massendurchflusssensor auf Basis von zweidimensionalen linkshändigen Leitungsstrukturen (2012)

Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird eine Anwendung eines kompakten Massendurchflusssensors auf Basis von resonanten “Kompositen Rechts-/Linkshändigen” Leitungsstrukturen (CRLH) mit erhöhter Empfindlichkeit im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen, mikrowellenbasierten Sensoren zur Bestimmung des Massenstroms in pneumatischen Förderanlagen vorgestellt. Das Konzept besteht aus einer periodischen Struktur von in Reihe geschalteten Kondensatoren und parallel geschalteten Induktivitäten mit makroskopisch negativer Permeabilität und Permittivität — den sogenannten Metamaterialien. Die simultane Erfassung der Geschwindigkeit und der Feststoff/Luft-Konzentration aus einer einzigen Messung ermöglicht die Messung des Massendurchflusses in Echtzeit. Die Anordnung einer oder mehrerer CRLH-Leitungsstrukturen zu einer Spiralform, eröffnet weiterhin die Möglichkeit, die Verteilung des Durchflusses über dem Förderrohrquerschnitt des Materials zu bestimmen, um die Genauigkeit des Sensors zu erhöhen. Zur Überprüfung des Sensorkonzeptes wurde ein Prototyp aufgebaut und in einem dedizierten Messsystem vermessen. Mögliche Anwendungsgebiete dieser Sensoren sind die Bestimmung des Massendurchflusses von Luft/Feststoff-, Luft/Flüssigkeit- und Flüssigkeit/Feststoff-Mischungen in der industriellen Prozessüberwachung.
Performance evaluation of a voice call handover scheme between LTE and UMTS (2011)

In this paper we analyze the performance of a voice handover scheme for Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks. Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) is deemed to be the long-term solution for LTE and UMTS voice handover. The scheme is modeled on handover signal flows. The analysis is done using a Radio Link Control (RLC) Protocol model, a network node queuing model and a remote network model. The simulation of the handover performance was on these three models. The simulation results were analyzed and compared with Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifications.
Screening Procedures for Simultaneous Detection of Several Drug Classes Used for High Throughput Toxicological Analyses and Doping Control. A Review (2000)

This paper reviews high throughput screening procedures for the simultaneous detection of several drug classes relevant to clinical and forensic toxicology or doping control in urine or blood using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array detector (LC-DAD) or mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Basic information describing these systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedures such as the analytes, the biosample, work-up, separation column, mobile phase or separation buffer, detection mode and detection limits are summarized in tables arranged according to the analytical method. Examples of typical applications are presented in 2 figures. Analysis of alternative matrices, like sweat, saliva, nails or hair, was not reviewed.
<title>Integrated micro-optics for computing and switching applications</title> (1991)

The use of microfabrication techniques allows one to build integrated free-space optical systems which can be useful for applications in optical computing and switching. This paper gives an overview of the fabrication of diffractive micro-optical elements, their integration using the concept of planar optics and their hybrid integration with gallium arsenide chips. Finally, optical clock distribution and space-variant interconnects based on the use of lenslet arrays are considered as examples for applications of integrated micro-optics.
Constrained Geometry Nitrogen-Functionalised Diphenylcyclopentadienyl Chromium (III) Complex: Synthesis, Structure and Catalytic Properties for Ethylene Polymerisation (2006)

A bidentate ligand 1-[2-( N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)]-3, 4-biphenylcyclopentadiene 1, as well as its corresponding constrained geometry chromium complex dichloro-η 5 -[1-(2- N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienyl] chromium (III) 2 have been synthesised and characterised. When activated with Al( i Bu) 3 and Ph 3 C[B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ], complex 2 exhibits reasonable catalytic activity for ethylene polymerisation, producing polyethylenes with moderate molecular weights and melting points. The effects of polymerisation temperature, ethylene pressure, B/Cr and Al/Cr ratios on catalytic activity were studied.