gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anomeric memory of the glycosidic bond upon fragmentation and its consequences for carbohydrate sequencing (2017)

Deciphering the carbohydrate alphabet is problematic due to its unique complexity among biomolecules. Strikingly, routine sequencing technologies-which are available for proteins and DNA and have revolutionised biology-do not exist for carbohydrates. This lack of structural tools is identified as a crucial bottleneck, limiting the full development of glycosciences and their considerable potential impact for the society. In this context, establishing generic carbohydrate sequencing methods is both a major scientific challenge and a strategic priority. Here we show that a hybrid analytical approach integrating molecular spectroscopy with mass spectrometry provides an adequate metric to resolve carbohydrate isomerisms, i.e the monosaccharide content, anomeric configuration, regiochemistry and stereochemistry of the glycosidic linkage. On the basis of the spectroscopic discrimination of MS fragments, we report the unexpected demonstration of the anomeric memory of the glycosidic bond upon fragmentation. This remarkable property is applied to de novo sequencing of underivatized oligosaccharides.Establishing generic carbohydrate sequencing methods is both a major scientific challenge and a strategic priority. Here the authors show a hybrid analytical approach integrating molecular spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to resolve carbohydrate isomerism, anomeric configuration, regiochemistry and stereochemistry.
Total synthesis of prostaglandin-F<sub>2</sub>α, and the 9-O-benzyl derivatives of prostaglandins-F<sub>2</sub>α, -F<sub>1</sub>α, -D<sub>2</sub>, and -D<sub>1</sub> (1981)

As an extension of the method whereby prostaglandin-F2α may be prepared by homoconjugate addition of an organocuprate reagent to the 3-endo-silyloxytricyclo[3.2.0.0.2,7]heptan-6-one (3), 3-endo-benzyloxytricyclo-[3.2.0.02,7]heptan-6-one (4) has been used to give the prostaglandin intermediate (14), in which the three hydroxy-functions at C-9, C-11, and C-15 are fully differentiated. Unmasking of the C-9 hydroxy-group gives the 15-silylated PG–F2α(15). The novel 9-O-benzyl derivatives of prostaglandin 5-F2α, -F1α, -D2, and -D1 were also prepared from (14) as possible antagonists of the natural compounds.
Multicell Downlink Capacity with Coordinated Processing (2008)

We study the potential benefits of base-station (BS) cooperation for downlink transmission in multicell networks. Based on a modified Wyner-type model with users clustered at the cell-edges, we analyze the dirty-paper-coding (DPC) precoder and several linear precoding schemes, including cophasing, zero-forcing (ZF), and MMSE precoders. For the nonfading scenario with random phases, we obtain analytical performance expressions for each scheme. In particular, we characterize the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance gap between the DPC and ZF precoders in large networks, which indicates a singularity problem in certain network settings. Moreover, we demonstrate that the MMSE precoder does not completely resolve the singularity problem. However, by incorporating path gain fading, we numerically show that the singularity problem can be eased by linear precoding techniques aided with multiuser selection. By extending our network model to include cell-interior users, we determine the capacity regions of the two classes of users for various cooperative strategies. In addition to an outer bound and a baseline scheme, we also consider several locally cooperative transmission approaches. The resulting capacity regions show the tradeoff between the performance improvement and the requirement for BS cooperation, signal processing complexity, and channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT).
Chloride secretion in a morphologically differentiated human colonic cell line that expresses the epithelial Na<sup>+</sup> channel (2003)

Cell line models of colonic electrolyte transport have been extensively used despite lacking some of the characteristics of native tissue. While native colonic crypts absorb or secrete NaCl, immortalized cell lines only retain the secretory phenotype. In the present study we have characterized functionally and molecularly, vectorial fluid and electrolyte transport in the morphologically differentiated human colonic cell line LIM1863. LIM1863 cells form morphologically differentiated organoids resembling native human colonic crypts, which secrete fluid and electrolytes across the apical membrane into a centrally located lumen. Net fluid secretion was evaluated by means of morphometric measurement of lumens formed in LIM organoids in response to known secretagogues. Pharmacological profiling of the channels and transporters involved in fluid and electrolyte transport showed that net fluid transport requires Cl- uptake across the basolateral membrane through a Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1) and its subsequent exit across an apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel. Similar to the native colon, net Cl- secretion in the LIM1863 cell line is activated by cAMP-mediated agonists. Carbachol, a Ca(2+)-mediated agonist, does not induce net Cl- secretion but modulates the cAMP-activated response. Expression of chloride channels (CFTR and the Ca(2+)-dependent Cl- channel, ClCa1), potassium channels (KCNN4 and KCNQ1), epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) alpha, beta and gamma subunits and ion transporters (NKCC1; anion exchanger, AE2; Na+/H+ exchangers, NHE1-3) was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot in the case of ENaC. Based on this evidence we propose that LIM1863 cells provide a unique model for studying CFTR-dependent Cl- secretion in a morphologically differentiated human colonic crypt cell line that also expresses ENaC.
A Potential Role for Epigenetic Modulatory Drugs in the Enhancement of Cancer/Germ-Line Antigen Vaccine Efficacy (2006)

The discovery of epigenetic silencing as a key mechanism of tumor suppressor gene inactivation in human cancer has led to great interest in utilizing epigenetic modulatory drugs as cancer therapeutics. It is less appreciated that medically important tumor-associated antigens, particularly the Cancer Testis or Cancer/Germ-line family of antigens (CG antigens), which are being actively tested as cancer vaccine targets, are epigenetically activated in many human cancers. However, a major limitation to the therapeutic value of CG antigen-directed vaccines is the limited and heterogeneous expression of CG antigens in tumors. Recent work has begun to dissect the specific epigenetic mechanisms controlling differential expression of CG antigen genes in human cancers. From a clinical perspective, convincing data indicate that epigenetic modulatory agents, including DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, robustly promote the expression of CG antigens, as well as class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC I) and other immune costimulatory molecules, in tumors. Importantly, the effects of these agents on CG antigen gene expression often show marked specificity for tumor cells as compared to normal cells. Taken together, these data encourage clinical evaluation of combination therapies involving epigenetic modulatory drugs and CG antigen-directed tumor vaccines for the treatment of human malignancies.
Binding of hippocampal CA1 neural activity to multiple reference frames in a landmark-based navigation task (1996)

The behavioral correlates of rat hippocampal CA1 cells were examined in a spatial navigation task in which two cylindrical landmarks predicted the location of food. The landmarks were maintained at a constant distance from each other but were moved from trial to trial within a large arena surrounded by static background cues. On each trial, the rats were released from a box to which they returned for additional food after locating the goal. The box also was located variably from trial to trial and was moved to a new location while the animals were searching for the goal site. The discharge characteristics of multiple, simultaneously recorded cells were examined with respect to the landmarks, the static background cues, and the box in which each trial started and ended. Three clear categories of cells were observed: (1) cells with location-specific firing (place cells); (2) goal/landmark-related cells that fired in the vicinity of the goal or landmarks, regardless of their location in the arena; and (3) box-related cells that fired either when the rat was in the box or as it was leaving or entering the box, regardless of its location in the arena. Disjunctive cells with separate firing fields in more than one reference frame also were observed. These results suggest that in this task a subpopulation of hippocampal cells encodes location in the fixed spatial frame, whereas other subpopulations encode location with respect to different reference frames associated with the task-relevant, mobile objects.
[Analysis of GUCA1B,GNGT1 and RGS9 genes in patients with retinitis pigmentosa]. (2002)

To screen possible disease-causing mutations in the GUCA1B gene, GNGT1 gene,and the alternative-splicing region of RGS9 gene in 120 probands with retinitis pigmentosa,genomic DNA was collected from 120 probands with retinitis pigmentosa out of 120 families. The coding sequences of the GUCA1B and GNGT1 genes and the alternative splicing region of the RGS9 gene were analyzed by using PCR-heteroduplex-SSCP method. Mutation was confirmed by DNA sequencing. A T/C polymorphism was identified in exon 1 of the GUCA1B gene in 31 of the 120 probands. Heteroduplex-SSCP analysis of the GUCA1B and GNGT1 coding regions and RGS9 alternative splicing region showed no mutations in 120 patients with retinitis pigmentosa. We found no evidence that mutation in GUCA1B,GNGT1,or RGS9 gene is a cause of retinitis pigmentosa.
A phase II study of amifostine in children with myelodysplastic syndrome: A report from the Children's Oncology Group study (AAML0121) (2011)

Based on its potential role in adult myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), the Children's Oncology Group (COG) embarked on a phase II study using amifostine in pediatric MDS (WHO 2001 criteria) patients. Responses were evaluated after two cycles. Ten patients were enrolled; five were deemed ineligible, and four withdrew after the first course. Only one patient completed two courses, and was found to be in complete remission. The study was closed after being open for 2 years due to slow accrual. Studying a rare disease like MDS may pose insurmountable obstacles even in a large clinical trials group such as COG, in part because of the changing definitions of MDS and the rarity of adult type MDS in children. The role of amifostine in pediatric MDS was not known at the time of study.
[Assessment of nutritional status in the elderly]. (2004)

Numerous reports have shown that there is a close relationship between elderly malnutrition and elderly mortality and morbidity. On the other hand, the aging process leads to declines in physical, psychosocial and spiritual functions, which directly or indirectly limit the quantity and quality of the intake of nutrients by the elderly. As a result, malnutrition is commonly observed in geriatric nursing practices. There is therefore an urgent need for a simple, economical but precise tool for the assessment of nutritional status, to help health practitioners to identify potential cases of malnutrition early on so that intervention can be undertaken as early as possible and the quality of geriatric nursing care can be raised. In this article, two clinical methods, the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), are introduced. They are valuable tools in the assessment of elderly nutritional status.
New crown ether resins prepared by cationic template polymerization (1994)

Abstract The synthesis of several dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 derivatives, and their acid catalyzed incorporation into crosslinked styrene and 4‐methoxystyrene based copolymers is described. Some of these reactions were carried out in the presence of chiral ammonium cations acting as non‐covalent templates. The polymers have been characterized by IR, and by 1 H and 13 C solution state and magic angle spinning NMR.
Estimating Citizen Alertness in Crises Using Social Media Monitoring and Analysis (2012)

The use of social media for communication and interaction is becoming more and more frequent, which is also the case during crises. To monitor social media may therefore be a useful capability from a crisis management perspective, both for detecting new or emergent crises, as well as for getting a better situation awareness of how people react to a particular crisis. The work presented in this paper is part of the EU research project Alert4All, having the overall goal of improving the effectiveness of alert and communication toward the population in crises.
Bacillus subtilis F0F1 ATPase: DNA sequence of the atp operon and characterization of atp mutants (1994)

We cloned and sequenced an operon of nine genes coding for the subunits of the Bacillus subtilis F0F1 ATP synthase. The arrangement of these genes in the operon is identical to that of the atp operon from Escherichia coli and from three other Bacillus species. The deduced amino acid sequences of the nine subunits are very similar to their counterparts from other organisms. We constructed two B. subtilis strains from which different parts of the atp operon were deleted. These B. subtilis atp mutants were unable to grow with succinate as the sole carbon and energy source. ATP was synthesized in these strains only by substrate-level phosphorylation. The two mutants had a decreased growth yield (43 and 56% of the wild-type level) and a decreased growth rate (61 and 66% of the wild-type level), correlating with a twofold decrease of the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio. In the absence of oxidative phosphorylation, B. subtilis increased ATP synthesis through substrate-level phosphorylation, as shown by the twofold increase of by-product formation (mainly acetate). The increased turnover of glycolysis in the mutant strain presumably led to increased synthesis of NADH, which would account for the observed stimulation of the respiration rate associated with an increase in the expression of genes coding for respiratory enzymes. It therefore appears that B. subtilis and E. coli respond in similar ways to the absence of oxidative phosphorylation.
On the Mechanism of Asymmetric Allylation of Aldehydes with Allyltrichlorosilanes Catalyzed by QUINOX, a Chiral Isoquinoline <i>N</i>-Oxide (2008)

Allylation of aromatic aldehydes 1a-m with allyl- and crotyl-trichlorosilanes 2- 4, catalyzed by the chiral N-oxide QUINOX (9), has been found to exhibit a significant dependence on the electronics of the aldehyde, with p-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde 1g and its p-methoxy counterpart 1h affording the corresponding homoallylic alcohols 6g, h in 96 and 16% ee, respectively, at -40 degrees C. The kinetic and computational data indicate that the reaction is likely to proceed via an associative pathway involving neutral, octahedral silicon complex 22 with only one molecule of the catalyst involved in the rate- and selectivity-determining step. The crotylation with (E) and (Z)-crotyltrichlorosilanes 3 and 4 is highly diastereoselective, suggesting the chairlike transition state 5, which is supported by computational data. High-level quantum chemical calculations further suggest that attractive aromatic interactions between the catalyst 9 and the aldehyde 1 contribute to the enantiodifferentiation and that the dramatic drop in enantioselectivity, observed with the electron-rich aldehyde 1h, originates from narrowing the energy gap between the (R)- and (S)-reaction channels in the associative mechanism (22). Overall, a good agreement between the theoretically predicted enantioselectivities for 1a and 1h and the experimental data allowed to understand the specific aspects of the reaction mechanism.
Power Deduction in Digital Signal Processing Circuit using Inventive CPL Subtractor Circuit (2006)

The proposed 4 bit subtracter circuit is designed by using bit slice method of complementary pass transistor logic (CPL), which is suitable for applications like fast shifting; multiplier/adder in the loop cycle of DSP data processing device. The circuit can perform real time computational tasks at high speed. The designed circuit is performing efficiently in filtering signal at 100-520MHz sampling rate in real time. We have analyzed the proposed circuit for submicron regime, whose layout is designed by using microwind III VLSI CAD tools, in terms of propagation delay, power consumption, power dissipation and area. In 50nm analysis, the proposed circuit is found to dissipate less power (~0.46μW) and possess less overall area of order of 423μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The propagation delay is 9.5206×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> sec. In DSP architecture, time and area are the critical components which are responsible for the efficient execution of arithmetic and logical operation. Our proposed circuit is enhancing, complete set of instruction cycle, passing at speed of 9.0GHz, which is higher than reported results.
Structure of β-Amino Derivatives of α,β-Unsaturated Lactones and Esters (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of β-Amino Derivatives of α,β-Unsaturated Lactones and EstersSamuel A. Glickman and Arthur C. CopeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 6, 1017–1020Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01222a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01222a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views629Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology (1990)

Prenatal Care Normal Labor, Delivery, Newborn Care and Puerperium Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia Early Pregnancy Loss Ectopic Pregnancy Genetics in Obstetrics and Gynecology Prenatal Diagnosis Drugs in Pregnancy Ultrasound in Obstetrics Assessment of Fetal Well Being Preterm Labor and Post Term Delivery Premature Rupture of the Membranes Intrauterine Growth Restriction Multiple Gestation Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Medical and Surgical Complications of Pregnancy Immunologic Disorders in Pregnancy Obstetric and Perinatal Infections Human Immunodeficiency Virus Placenta Previa and Abruption Breech, Other Malpresentations, and Umbilical Cord Complications Stillbirth and Intrauterine Fetal Demise Complications of Labor Complications of Delivery Operative Vaginal Delivery Cesarean Delivery Psychological Disorders of Pregnancy and the Post Partum Office Gynecology and Surgical Procedures Gynecologic Ultrasound Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Contraception Induced Abortion Pelvic Infections Including Sexually Transmitted Infections Benign Vulvovaginal Disorders Amenorrhea Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Premenstrual Syndrome Androgen Excess Disorders Infertility Endometriosis Menopause Women's Sexuality and Sexual Dysfunction Chronic Pelvic Pain Perioperative Evaluation Laparoscopic Surgery Hysteroscopic Surgery Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Evaluation of Pelvic Organ Support Operative Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Non-Surgical Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Female Urinary Incontinence: Epidemiology and Evaluation Operative Management of Urinary Incontinence Non-Surgical Management of Urinary Incontinence and Overactive Bladder Fecal Incontinence and Defecation Disorders Leiomyomata Disorders of the Breast Vulvar and Vaginal Cancer Cervical Cancer HPV and the Management of the Abnormal Pap Test Uterine Cancer Ovarian and Tubal Cancers Management of the Adnexal Mass Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms The Special Approach to Solving the Professions Liability Crisis, Improving Patient Safety and Preventing Medical Errors Appendix: Evidence Based Approach to Obstetrics and Gynecology
Change of Conformation of the DNA-binding Domain of p53 Is the Only Key Element for Binding of and Interference with p73 (2003)

Xenopus p53 has biological and biochemical properties similar to those of human p53, except for optimal temperature. The frog protein is fully active at 30 degrees C and inactive at 37 degrees C, leading to a temperature-sensitive behavior similar to that of the human mutant p53Ala(143) and the murine mutant p53Val(135). Using hybrid proteins between human and Xenopus expressed from artificial p53 minigenes, we have been able to demonstrate that change of conformation of the DNA-binding domain is the major determinant of this heat sensitivity. It has been reported that some human tumor-derived p53 mutants can engage in a physical association with p73, thus inhibiting its transactivating properties. The mechanism of this association remains to be elucidated. The nature of the mutant p53 that can engage in this association also remains controversial. Using the unique opportunity of the temperature sensitivity of Xenopus p53, we demonstrate that binding of and interference with p73 require a change of conformation in the p53 protein. This interaction occurs through the DNA-binding domain of p53 only when it is in a denatured state. These results reinforce the notion that mutant p53 with a conformational change can act as a down-regulator of the p73 pathway in human cancer and could confer a selective advantage to the tumor.
Photoaging of human skin (2000)

Chronic sun exposure causes photoaging of human skin, a process that is characterized by clinical, histological and biochemical changes which differ from alterations in chronologically aged but sun-protected skin. Within recent years, substantial progress has been made in unraveling the underlying mechanisms of photoaging. Induction of matrix metalloproteinases as a consequence of activator protein (AP)-1 and nuclear factor (NF)-KB activation as well as mutations of mitochondrial DNA have been identified recently. This has increased our understanding of photoaging significantly and has led to new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies aimed at the prevention and repair of the detrimental effects of chronic sun-exposure on the skin.