gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some Aspects of High Temperature Vulcanization (1961)

Abstract When a thin rubber sample is heated to a high curing temperature, the initial kinetics of cure as derived from Newton's rule can be represented by a well-defined time delay at the final curing temperature. This facilitates quantitative studies for which it is also shown that first order changes in crosslink density can be assessed by modulus measurements. The vulcanization rate constants thus determined in the case of a polychloroprene compound indicate the apparently different action of the vulcanization accelerator at conventional and at high temperatures, which allows a fundamental interpretation to be advanced. Partial reversion at high temperature is shown for both the ACS1 and a thiuram-cured natural rubber compound, and using an appropriate graphical method, vulcanization and reversion can be evaluated as first order processes. Two simple overall reaction schemes are developed to fit the experimental data with only three calculated rate constants. Quinoid and peroxide curing systems are also examined.
Definition sets for the direct kinematics of parallel manipulators (2002)

The aim of this paper is to characterize the uniqueness domains in the workspace of parallel manipulators, as well as their image in the joint space. The notion of aspect introduced for serial manipulators by Borrel (1986) is redefined for such parallel manipulators. Then, it is shown that it is possible to link several solutions to the direct kinematic problem without meeting a singularity, thus meaning that the aspects are not uniqueness domains. Additional surfaces are characterized in the workspace which yield new uniqueness domains. An octree model of spaces is used to compute the joint space, the workspace and all other newly defined sets. This study is illustrated all along the paper with a 3-RPR planar parallel manipulator.
The optimization of the anti-slide piles location in slope control project (2018)

Anti-slide pile is a reliable form of permanent support in the project of landslide control. In the single sliding surface slope support project, the anti-slide piles are always set in the middle and lower part of the slip zone. When it comes to the multiple slip surfaces, the soil may produce diversify failure modes along different slip surfaces. Therefore, it’s necessary to choose the optimal location of the anti-slide pile in multi-sliding surfaces slope engineering. In this paper, a slope project in Jurong City is produced as an example, Strength Reduction Finite Element Method is adopted to analyze the stability of the local and overall slope. By changing the location of anti-slide piles in the slope, single and double-piles were set. The overall stability of the slope is analyzed, and the support program is proposed. The results indicate that the multi-slip zone slope often appears the failure mode of sliding through, and the anti-slide pile should be arranged in the middle and lower part of each sliding strip, and the main sliding strip should be divided.
Coronary Magnetic Resonance Angiography for the Detection of Coronary Stenoses (2001)

Among patients referred for their first x-ray coronary angiogram, three-dimensional coronary magnetic resonance angiography allows for the accurate detection of coronary artery disease of the proximal and middle segments. This noninvasive approach reliably identifies (or rules out) left main coronary artery or three-vessel disease.
Cardiovascular Disease Prevention of Cranberry Vinegar (2007)

Cranberry contains rich phytochemicals, including ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins. Cranberry vinegar, obtained form fermentation, which is one physically alkaline food. This is a randomized, parallel and placebo-control disign, forty subjects were completely involved r this study. Each subjects intook 200 ML of cranberry vinegar drink (or placebo drink) twice every day, and for continuous 10 weeks. Results clearly showed that levels of cholesterol and cholesterol and cholesterol of low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) plasma were evidently decreased (10.3%, 6.2% and 9.1% respectively) The total antioxidant capacity of blood was greatly increased (13%) and value of thiobarbituric acid react1ve substance (TBARs) was reduced (12.9%) The contents o g1utaraon (GSH) was increased by 10%. In addition lag vine of LDL oxidation was significantly increased from 48 to 54 mine. It clearly indicated that administration of cranberry vinegar for 10 weeks could probably lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Restoration of Tamoxifen Sensitivity in Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer Cells: Tamoxifen-Bound Reactivated ER Recruits Distinctive Corepressor Complexes (2006)

Breast tumors expressing estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) respond well to therapeutic strategies using selective ER modulators, such as tamoxifen. However, approximately 30% of invasive breast cancers are hormone independent because they lack ER expression due to hypermethylation of ER promoter. Treatment of ER-negative breast cancer cells with demethylating agents [5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC)] and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (trichostatin A) leads to expression of ER mRNA and functional protein. Here, we examined whether epigenetically reactivated ER is a target for tamoxifen therapy. Following treatment with trichostatin A and 5-aza-dC, the formerly unresponsive ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells became responsive to tamoxifen. Tamoxifen-mediated inhibition of cell growth in these cells is mediated at least in part by the tamoxifen-bound ER. Tamoxifen-bound reactivated ER induces transcriptional repression at estrogen-responsive genes by ordered recruitment of multiple distinct chromatin-modifying complexes. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we show recruitment of two different corepressor complexes to ER-responsive promoters in a mutually exclusive and sequential manner: the nuclear receptor corepressor-HDAC3 complex followed by nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation complex. The mechanistic insight provided by this study might help in designing therapeutic strategies directed toward epigenetic mechanisms in the prevention or treatment of breast cancer.
Efficacy of antidepressants in juvenile depression: meta-analysis (2008)

Antidepressants of all types showed limited efficacy in juvenile depression, but fluoxetine might be more effective, especially in adolescents. Studies in children and in severely depressed, hospitalised or suicidal juvenile patients are needed, and effective, safe and readily accessible treatments for juvenile depression are urgently required.
The torsatron without toroidal field coils as a solution of the divertor problem (1971)

The torsatron without toroidal field coils is a configuration of the stellarator type which is obtained with a particularly simple set of conductors (ℓ helical windings and a vertical field). Here the case ℓ=3 is studied by numerical calculation. It is found that good magnetic surfaces exist. High values of rotational transform (ι/2π≃3) and shear (θ ≃ 0.5) can be obtained simultaneously with a relatively low mirror ratio along the field lines (Bmax/Bmin ≃ 1.2). The absence of separate toroidal field coils allows the design of an efficient divertor.
A 0.3-25-GHz ultra-wideband mixer using commercial 0.18-μm CMOS technology (2004)

An ultra-wideband mixer using standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology was first proposed in this paper. This broadband mixer achieves measured conversion gain of 11 /spl plusmn/ 1.5 dB with a bandwidth of 0.3 to 25 GHz. The mixer was fabricated in a commercial 0.18-μm CMOS technology and demonstrated the highest frequency and bandwidth of operation. It also presented better gain-bandwidth-product performance compared with that of GaAs-based HBT technologies. The chip area is 0.8 × 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Radio resource management for uplink carrier aggregation in LTE-Advanced (2015)

This paper investigates the uplink resource allocation problem in the context of Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced systems with carrier aggregation (CA) and dual-cluster scheduling. On one hand, these Rel’10 functionalities can increase the available transmission bandwidth and scheduling flexibility in uplink. On the other hand, they will introduce additional power back-off for the power amplifier in the user equipment (UE) with non-contiguous resource allocation. Taking into account that the uplink is inherently limited by the maximum transmission power of the UE, the assignment of uplink CA and/or dual cluster transmission for LTE-Advanced UEs has to be careful. A pathloss-threshold-based component carrier (CC) and cluster configuration algorithm is proposed to determine whether an LTE-Advanced UE should be configured with multiple CCs and/or dual cluster scheduling. An extended bandwidth-expansion-based packet scheduling algorithm is proposed for dual-cluster transmission, which tightly couples the bandwidth allocation and packet scheduling together to exploit the frequency domain diversity with low complexity. Simulation results show that with proper differentiation between power-limited and non-power-limited UEs, Rel’10 CA with dual-cluster scheduling can maintain similar coverage performance as in Rel'8 case while achieving substantial gains in median and peak user throughputs. Moreover, the proposed CC assignment algorithm achieves higher user throughput as compared to blindly assigning all UEs on all available CCs.
Synthesis of Pyrano[4,3-<i>c</i>]pyrazol-4(1<i>H</i>)-ones and -4(2<i>H</i>)-ones from Dehydroacetic Acid. Homo- and Heteronuclear Selective NOE Measurements for Unambiguous Structure Assignment (1987)

Abstract Cyclization of dehydroacetic acid N-substituted hydrazones furnished 1-substituted 3,6-dimethylpyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-4(1H)-ones, together with varying amounts of N,N′-disubstituted 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1H-pyrazoles. The same pyranopyrazolones were obtained regioselectively without side reactions from N-alkylhydrazines and 4-chloro-3-(1-chlorovinyl)-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one, (“Dehydroacetchlorid”), while N-arylhydrazines gave the 2-aryl-3,6-dimethylpyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-ones. NMR NOE methods, including long-range selective heteronuclear 13C{1H} NOE enhancement measurements, allowed unambiguous distinction between -4(1H)-ones and -4(2H)-ones.
Account of Operations in the Boulogne Area (1994)

Account by Lieutenant-Colonel J.E. Anderson, Officer Commanding, North Shore Regiment, Given to Historical Officer, 27 September 1944.
Divergent evolution of multiple virus‐resistance genes from a progenitor in <i>Capsicum</i> spp. (2016)

Plants have evolved hundreds of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich domain proteins (NLRs) as potential intracellular immune receptors, but the evolutionary mechanism leading to the ability to recognize specific pathogen effectors is elusive. Here, we cloned Pvr4 (a Potyvirus resistance gene in Capsicum annuum) and Tsw (a Tomato spotted wilt virus resistance gene in Capsicum chinense) via a genome-based approach using independent segregating populations. The genes both encode typical NLRs and are located at the same locus on pepper chromosome 10. Despite the fact that these two genes recognize completely different viral effectors, the genomic structures and coding sequences of the two genes are strikingly similar. Phylogenetic studies revealed that these two immune receptors diverged from a progenitor gene of a common ancestor. Our results suggest that sequence variations caused by gene duplication and neofunctionalization may underlie the evolution of the ability to specifically recognize different effectors. These findings thereby provide insight into the divergent evolution of plant immune receptors.
Cell therapy for peripheral arterial disease. (2010)

Peripheral arterial disease remains an often devastating condition, particularly in patients with diabetes, because of the high rate of functional disability, amputation and death. For those patients for whom conventional endovascular or surgical revascularization procedures have been unsuccessful, new options are eagerly awaited, among which cell therapy has gained increasing interest. Most clinical trials of cell therapy have used multiple intramuscular injections of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells that have yielded encouraging suggestions of efficacy. The prevailing opinion is that the benefits of cell therapy are not a result of the structural integration of grafted cells within new vessels, but of the paracrine activation of angiogenesis, arteriogenesis and vasculogenesis pathways by the cytokines, chemokines and growth factors released from such cells. An analysis of cell therapy clinical trial outcomes has also identified several key issues that need to be addressed, including the optimal cell type, source and dosing, the most effective route for cell transfer, and methods for enhancing survival of the cellular graft. Finally, because of the strong placebo effect that may confound interpretation of outcome measures, rigorously randomized controlled trials are mandatory in order to assess more thoroughly whether cell therapy will be beneficial for patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Design of Functional Inorganic Materials by Ion Beams. Ion Beam Induced Epitaxial Crystallization of Inorganic Materials. (1997)

IBIEC (Ion Beam Induced Epitaxial Crystallization) is one of the methods of SPEC (Solid Phase Epitaxial Crystallization) and is characterized by its low temperature crystallization and low thermal activation energy relative to thermally induced SPEC. IBIEC has been investigated for many years from the view of interest in its mechanism concerned with ion-solid interaction and application to a low temperature SPEC process particularly in Si. Recently, this technique has been tried to apply to many different kinds of materials such as compound semiconductors (GaAs, BP, InP and GeSi), carbide (SiC), silicides (NiSi2 and CoSi2) and even oxides (Al2O3 and SrTiO3). In this article, the authors reviewed the features, proposed mechanisms and application of IBIEC to Si and other materials with the existing state of affairs.
Differential expression of the VLA family of integrins along the crypt-villus axis in the human small intestine (1992)

Regulation of epithelial cell proliferation, migration and differentiation under physiological conditions remains poorly understood. Interaction of the cells with their underlying basement membrane through integrins, a specific subset of cell surface binding proteins, is one potential mechanism. In the present work, I examined this hypothesis by investigating the distribution of a variety of epithelial basement membrane proteins and the expression of the members of the VLA family of integrins in the adult intestinal epithelium. Indeed, this rapidly renewing simple epithelium contains within its functional unit, the crypt-villus axis, essentially two distinct cell populations: the proliferative and undifferentiated crypt cells and the mature enterocytes on the villus. Although immunolocalization of basement membrane molecules revealed that laminin, type IV collagen and heparan sulfate proteoglycan are distributed homogeneously all along the crypt-villus axis, other non-exclusive basement membrane components were found differentially expressed. Tenascin was concentrated at the base of both villus and lower crypt cells while cellular fibronectin was mostly detected in association with the crypt cells. Moreover, VLA beta 1 as well as 5 of the 6 VLA alpha subunits tested were expressed by intestinal epithelial cells under specific patterns of staining. The beta 1 and alpha 6 subunits were strongly detected at the base of all enterocytes while alpha 5, also detected all along the crypt-villus axis, was weaker and consistently appeared with a punctated/interrupted pattern. On the other hand, the VLA alpha 1, alpha 2 and alpha 3 were expressed at the basolateral domains of enterocytes under distinctive crypt-villus gradients. The alpha 1 subunit was detected at the base of all epithelial cells but lateral staining was only observed in differentiating cells (middle and upper crypt). Finally, in most specimens, alpha 2 and alpha 3 displayed strictly complementary staining patterns for the lower crypt region (alpha 2+, alpha 3-) and the upper crypt-to-villus region (alpha 2-, alpha 3+). Taken together, these data emphasize that proliferation, migration and differentiation in the normal state are susceptible to various influences including compositional changes in the basement membrane and differential expression of receptors for these components.
Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice Immunized with Recombinant<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Producing a Pertussis Toxin-Tetanus Toxin Hybrid Protein (1999)

ABSTRACT The development of combined vaccines constitutes one of the priorities in modern vaccine research. One of the most successful combined vaccines in use is the diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine. However, concerns about the safety of the pertussis arm have led to decreased acceptance of the vaccine but also to the development of new, safer, and effective acellular vaccines against pertussis. Unfortunately, the production cost of these new vaccines is significantly higher than that of previous vaccines. Here, we explore the potential of live recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG producing the hybrid protein S1-TTC, which contains the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin fused to fragment C of tetanus toxin, as an alternative to the acellular vaccines. S1-TTC was produced in two different expression systems. In the first system its production was under the control of the 85A antigen promoter and signal peptide, and in the second system it was under the control of the hsp60 promoter. Although expression of the hybrid antigen was obtained in both cases, only the second expression system yielded a recombinant BCG strain able to induce both a specific humoral immune response and a specific cellular immune response. The antibodies generated were directed against the TTC part and neutralized toxin activity in an in vivo challenge model, whereas interleukin-2 production was specific for both parts of the molecule. Since protection against tetanus is antibody mediated and protection against pertussis may be cell mediated, this constitutes a first promising step towards the development of a cost-effective, protective, and safe combined vaccine against pertussis, tetanus, and tuberculosis.
Research on Air Purification Efficiency by Nonthermal Plasma Along With the Application of Magnetic Field (2006)

Nonthermal plasma created by high-voltage dc power supply can be used to collect precharged suspended particulates, whereas nonthermal plasma generated by high-voltage pulsed power supply is used to remove harmful gases in the air, but how to increase the efficiency is not clear. In this paper, it is novel to apply magnetic field to air purification to increase the purification efficiency. Effect of magnetic field is analyzed. It can be concluded that purification efficiency can be improved significantly along with the application of magnetic field.
Electronic structure and optical properties of (ZnSe)n∕(Si2)m (111) superlattices (2006)

The electronic properties of (ZnSe)n∕(Si2)m (111) superlattices (SLs) are investigated theoretically in order to clarify the general features of the zone-folding and the band-mixing effects in superlattices composed of an indirect-band-gap semiconductor (Si). The detailed electronic structure of (ZnSe)n∕(Si2)m (111) SLs are studied with the range n=m=10–16, giving special attention to the role of the interface states at the Zn–Si and Se–Si polar interfaces. The presence of the electric field in the SL is totally ignored, i.e., “the zero-field model.” The degeneracy of the energy minima of the conduction band at the M point in the zinc-blende-type bulk material cannot be lifted by the zone-folding effects alone. The band-mixing effect through the interfaces between the two constituent materials plays an important role in determining the overall band lineup throughout the entire Brillouin zone. The states at the conduction- and valence-band edges are confined two dimensionally in the Si layers. Furthermore, we have found two interface bands in the lower and upper regions of the gap. The states of the lower interface band are located at the Zn–Si interface, while those of the upper interface band are located at the Se–Si interface. The energies of the interface states depend on the parameters representing the Zn–Si and Se–Si bond lengths and the valence-band discontinuity between ZnSe and Si, but the interface states do not disappear from the gap with reasonable choices of the parameters. The electronic structure of the superlattice turns out to be quite sensitive to the combination of the well and barrier layer thicknesses. This sensitivity suggests the possibility of designing suitable band structures for device applications. Furthermore, the absorption spectra of the superlattices are calculated and are found to be quite different from those of bulk ZnSe and Si but fairly close to their average. The electronic and optical properties suggest that superlattices composed of indirect-band-gap semiconductors offer great potential for application to optical devices.
Localization of Mg<sup>2+</sup>-sensing shark kidney calcium receptor SKCaR in kidney of spiny dogfish,<i>Squalus acanthias</i> (2003)

We recently cloned a homologue of the bovine parathyroid calcium receptor from the kidney of a spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and termed this new protein SKCaR. SKCaR senses alterations in extracellular Mg2+ after its expression in human embryonic kidney cells (Nearing J, Betka M, Quinn S, Hentschel H, Elger M, Baum M, Bai M, Chattopadyhay N, Brown E, Hebert S, and Harris HW. Proc Natl Acad. Sci USA 99: 9231-9236, 2002). In this report, we used light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques to study the distribution of SKCaR in dogfish kidney. SKCaR antiserum bound to the apical membranes of shark kidney epithelial cells in the following tubular segments: proximal tubules (PIa and PIIb), late distal tubule, and collecting tubule/collecting duct as well as diffusely labeled cells of early distal tubule. The highly specific distribution of SKCaR in mesial tissue as well as lateral countercurrent bundles of dogfish kidney is compatible with a role for SKCaR to sense local tubular Mg2+ concentrations. This highly specific distribution of SKCaR protein in dogfish kidney could possibly work in concert with the powerful Mg2+ secretory system present in the PIIa segment of elasmobranch fish kidney to affect recycling of Mg2+ from putative Mg2+-sensing/Mg2+-reabsorbing segments. These data provide support for the possible existence of Mg2+ cycling in elasmobranch kidney in a manner analogous to that described for mammals.
A novel semi-active multibeam antenna concept (1990)

A multimatrix semiactive antenna has been selected for the ESA project SAT-2 for communications with mobiles at 1.5/1.6 GHz. In a typical configuration, six fixed beams cover western Europe, while movable beams can be used for the rest of the coverage. Each beam uses three feeds: one feed is shared between adjacent fixed beams, and one or two between adjacent movable beam positions. A global beam can also be generated. A possible configuration for the front-end to be associated with 5.5-in offset reflector is shown. Computed isodirectivity contours are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>