gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 7.2-GSa/s, 14-bit or 12-GSa/s, 12-bit DAC in a 165-GHz f T BiCMOS process (2011)

We describe a DAC which can operate at up to 7.2 GSa/s with 14-bit resolution or up to 12 GSa/s with 12-bit resolution. It uses a segmented architecture, with an R/2R ladder for the 10 LSBs; distributed resampling is applied to all current sources. The DAC achieves an SFDR of 77 dB at low output frequencies and an SFDR of 67 dB and an SNR of 62 dB from DC to 3 GHz. It demonstrates a phase noise of -157 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz from a 1 GHz carrier, 22 dB better than synthesized signal generation instruments. The DAC is built in a 165-GHz f T , 130-nm BiCMOS process and packaged in a 780-ball BGA.
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Reaction Forces during High-Heel Gait (1991)

First metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint reaction forces were calculated for 11 normal females during the toe-off phase of gait while walking in bare feet and in high heeled shoes. A biomechanical model was used to calculate the forces utilizing kinematic, kinetic, footprint, and radiographic data. The results showed that the MTP joint reaction forces (FJ), the metatarsal-sesamoid forces (FS), and the resultant of these forces (FRES), were twice as large in high heels compared to barefoot walking. The average peak forces for barefoot and high-heeled gait were FJ: 0.8 and 1.58 times body weight, FS: 0.44 and 1.03 times body weight, and FRES: 0.93 and 1.88 times body weight. Also, the kinematics changed when wearing high heels, making angles of application of forces and sesamoidal articulations less favorable.
Pre-Coated Orthopedic Implants with Bone Cement (1979)

A study on the feasibility of implants pre-coated with an acrylic bone cement has been performed. Four types of implants, an actual canine femoral prosthesis, a polished steel rod (0.49 cm dia. x 13 cm long) with and without pre-coating, and a sandblasted steel rod with pre-coating were implanted into canine femurs in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the interfacial shear strengths in addition to the bench test. After serial sectioning the samples in discs, push-out tests were made to evaluate the interfacial strengths of cement-bone-implant. The weakest interfacial shear strength was exhibited by the polished rod/cement interface (0.5 MPa) while the strongest was the "old" and "new" cement interface (23.4 MPa). The bone/cement interfacial strength was in between for in vitro (1.17 MPa) and in vivo (1.68 MPa). The shear strength of rod/cement interface increased substantially by sandblasting (6.84 MPa). The microscopic observation of the interface showed somewhat smaller gaps developed for the pre-coated rod than the uncoated rod due to the shrinkage effect. In addition to the overall increase in interfacial strength, the pre-coating may furthermore reduce the setting temperature, the shrinkage, and the amount of monomer released during operation due to the reduced amount of cement at the time of implantation. The more gradual transmission of load from implant to bone and "auto-centering" of implants during operation by pre-coating, are believed to be advantageous over conventional cement fixation method.
A Quantitative Evaluation of High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography: in vivo Resolution and Mapping Performance (2010)

Despite the unique brain imaging advantages of fNIRS, widespread neuroimaging acceptance has been hampered by low spatial resolution and image localization. We present a quantitative and in vivo comparison of HD-DOT and two fNIRS geometries.
44fs Pulse Generation from an All-Solid-State Cr:LiSAF Laser. (1995)

We have developed an all-solid-state femtosecond Cr: LiSAF laser that produces 44 fs pulses at an 87.6 MHz repetition rate with a 2.2 mW average power. The spectral width is 22 .4 nm and the peak wavelength is 906 nm. The time bandwidth product of 0.36 is obtained by assuming a sech2 waveform.
Interleukin-8 in gastrointestinal inflammation and malignancy: induction and clinical consequences (2016)

Abstract: Owing to its immense surface area, the mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is continually subject to numerous endogenous and exogenous antigens capable of inducing an inflammatory response in the appropriate setting. In certain individuals, these inflammatory responses may also become dysregulated and result in the development of chronic GI inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, gastric and colonic malignant processes are extremely common and, to date, still have high mortality rates. As a result, continuing research has focused on elucidating potential molecular mechanisms involved in these processes in an attempt to understand the pathophysiology of these diseases and, potentially, aid in the development of novel therapeutics. Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) is a small molecular weight chemokine identified almost 30 years ago. Ongoing research has demonstrated that this factor contributes to a multitude of pathophysiological processes within the GI tract, including chronic GI inflammatory states, such as inflammatory bowel disease, and gastric and colonic carcinomas. This review highlights the role of CXCL8 in GI inflammation and malignancy. It describes molecular mechanisms involved in promoting and restraining CXCL8 production in GI cells and how CXCL8 contributes to the pathophysiology of a variety of GI inflammatory processes. Finally, this review describes a variety of mechanisms by which CXCL8–CXCL1/2 signaling may contribute to GI malignancy. Keywords: CXCL8, inflammatory bowel disease, IBD, colon cancer, IL-8, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis
A Manganese porphyrin suppresses oxidative stress and extends the life span of streptozotocin-diabetic rats (2004)

Enhanced oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia has been implicated in diabetic complications and is considered a major cause of cell and tissue damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether synthetic manganese porphyrin, Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTM-2-PyP5+) can ameliorate diabetes-induced oxidative stress and affect life span of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in male Wistar rats. Oxidative stress was monitored by measuring malondialdehyde levels (MDA) in blood plasma and erythrocytes using HPLC. The antioxidant status was assessed by measuring the total radical-trapping potential (TRAP) of blood plasma. Life span of the animals was used as an indication of the overall effect of MnTM-2-PyP5+. MnTM-2-PyP5+ was administered subcutaneously at 1 mg/kg for the duration of the experiment, five times/week followed by one week of rest. Diabetes increased plasma and erythrocyte levels of MDA and decreased TRAP. MnTM-2-PyP5+ had no effect on blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, but significantly increased TRAP and lowered MDA. This Mn porphyrin decreased mortality and markedly extended the life span of the diabetic animals. MnTM-2-PyP5+ suppressed diabetes-induced oxidative stress, which presumably accounts for its beneficial effect on the life span of the diabetic rats. The results indicate that Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins can be used as potent therapeutic agents in diabetes.
A Synthetic Diesel Engine Oil with Extended Laboratory Test and Field Service Performance (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the engine test and extended oil drain field performance of new synthetic engine oil technology developed for use in North American low-emission heavy-duty diesel engines. The resulting formulation utilizes an advanced additive system specifically tailored for synthetic base stocks which exceeds current industry and engine builder targets in critical performance tests. Use of synthetic base stocks allows the formulation of engine oils with a unique combination of performance characteristics, which include meeting SAE 5W-40 viscosity requirements for cold starting benefits while maintaining low volatility loss at high temperature for oil consumption control. In addition to meeting API CG-4, CF-4, CF-2, CF, SH and EC requirements, this technology has also demonstrated exceptional performance in extended-length diesel and gasoline engine tests. Furthermore, it has also performed very well in extended service interval field tests. At drain intervals up to four times those normally recommended, excellent engine wear, deposit protection, and oil consumption control have been consistently demonstrated. Additionally, fuel economy benefits in excess of 4% relative to SAE 15W-40 conventional mineral oils have been documented.</div>
Linear independence method for system identification/secondary path modeling for active control (2005)

A method for noninvasive system identification/secondary path modeling has been developed for single- and multi-channel filtered-x least-mean-square (LMS)-based active noise control (ANC). The problem of on-line secondary path modeling is recognized as one of linear dependence associated with an underdetermined system, a one-equation/two-unknown problem in which the highly correlated primary source and secondary source contributions to the error signal are not readily distinguishable. The method resolves this uniqueness issue by introducing a second equation with similar unknowns. The critical linear independence of the two equations, hence the proposed designation, is achieved with a single perturbation of the control filter output, thereby rendering the system solvable. This secondary path modeling strategy was implemented using an innovative real-time DSP control architecture and tested on a “transducerless” system devised to investigate behavior of ANC algorithms. Results of narrowband, broadband, and multi-channel tests reveal response estimates that are accurate in both magnitude and phase; bias due to primary noise and other secondary sources is notably absent in the obtained secondary path models. The rapidity with which the system is identified can also contribute to the stability and performance of filtered-x LMS-based controllers.
Use of surfactant in the prevention and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. (1989)

The rationale for surfactant therapy in premature infants is presented, along with a discussion of the characteristics of surfactant and a review of clinical trials of surfactant for the prevention and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). RDS is a major complication of prematurity, affecting up to 40,000 infants in the United States and Canada annually. Poor lung compliance due to a functional or quantitative deficiency of surfactant causes progressive collapse of the lungs. Surfactant, a mixture of phospholipids, neutral lipids, and proteins synthesized by pneumocytes during gestation, reduces surface tension and stabilizes alveoli, which increases lung compliance and decreases the work of breathing. Mammalian, human, and artificial surfactants are being investigated for use in premature infants. Several controlled trials of exogenous surfactant therapy have demonstrated reductions in mortality and pulmonary air-leak phenomena and improved gas exchange, but these results are not seen consistently, and no significant reductions in bronchopulmonary dysplasia have been observed. Surfactant has no appreciable toxicity, although the potential for immunogenicity exists. Typical doses range from 60 mg to 200 mg/kg administered endotracheally either before the first breath or after development of RDS. Surfactant is a safe investigational agent that appears promising for the prevention and treatment of neonatal RDS, although additional clinical trials with long-term follow-up are needed to determine its true efficacy.
An analog neural network processor for self-organizing mapping (2003)

The building blocks of a self-organizing analog neural chip are shown. Its function is to evaluate the large number of dot products of the given input vectors and the stored weight vectors in a fully parallel format. Lateral competition is to be performed among the analog output voltages and the neural unit with the largest voltage level is to emerge as a single winner. Updating synapse weights is performed in a digital signal processor using an unsupervised learning rule. Design considerations addressed in the construction of the WTA (winner-take-all) circuit are: high resolution, fast operation, and layout compactness. The 4-MHz analog neural network processor chip, fabricated in a 2- mu m CMOS process, contains 25 neurons in the input layer and 64 neurons in the competitive layer. The behavior of the WTA circuit with only one winner for a lossy image data compression application is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Autoantibody to Heat Shock Protein Hsp40 in Sera of Lung Cancer Patients (2001)

Heat shock protein Hsp40 is a stress protein with chaperone activity and has a cooperative function with Hsp70 in mammalian cells. We examined the possible expression of Hsp40 in lung tumor tissues using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, and established an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to detect IgG antibody to Hsp40 in the serum using purified human Hsp40. Sera were obtained from 130 normal subjects and 50 patients with lung cancer. Lung tumor tissues and cells specifically overexpressed Hsp40, and no such expression was detected in normal lung tissues. Compared with normal sera, significantly higher levels of autoantibody to Hsp40 were present in patients with lung cancer. The present study is the first to demonstrate overexpression of Hsp40 in human tumor tissue and the associated presence of autoantibody to Hsp40 in the serum. These results suggest that overexpression of Hsp40 in tumor cells may be recognized as a self-antigen.
A unified structure of the trellis-based soft-output decoding algorithms for turbo codes (2002)

In this paper, a unified viewpoint is proposed to interpret the relation between various trellis-based soft-output decoding algorithms. From the unified viewpoint, we can easily obtain new algorithms of low complexity and good performance, and a unified decoding structure is devised for the newly proposed algorithms and those reported previously. Under the unified structure, all of the algorithms are mapped into a single decoding process and different algorithms can be easily switched between one another. Owing to the modularity and flexibility, this unified structure is especially suitable for the turbo decoder with programmable DSP implementation to optimize the trade-off between the performance and complexity.
Melatonin improves sleep quality in hemodialysis patients (2013)

Disturbed sleep is common in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Exogenous melatonin has somniferous properties in normal subjects and can improve sleep quality (SQ) in several clinical conditions. Recent studies have shown that melatonin may play a role in improving sleep in patients undergoing dialysis. The goal of the present study was to assess the effect of exogenous melatonin administration on SQ improvement in daytime hemodialysis patients. Lipid profile and the required dose of erythropoietin (EPO) are also reported as secondary outcomes. In a 6-week randomized, double-blind cross-over clinical trial, 3 mg melatonin or placebo was administered to 68 patients at bedtime. A 72-h washout preceded the switch from melatonin to placebo, or vice versa. SQ was assessed by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Sixty-eight patients completed the study protocol and were included in the final analysis. Melatonin treatment significantly improved the global PSQI scores (P < 0.001), particularly subjective SQ (P < 0.001), sleep efficiency (P = 0.005) and sleep duration (P < 0.001). No differences in sleep latency and daytime sleepiness were observed. Melatonin also increased the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P = 0.003). The need for EPO prescription decreased after melatonin treatment (P < 0.001). We conclude that melatonin can improve sleep in ESRD. The modest increase in HDL cholesterol and decrease in the EPO requirement are other benefits associated with this treatment.
CVD diamond pixel development (2002)

Pixel detectors using synthetic diamond are an attractive alternative to silicon for use in radiation harsh environments such as at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Recent test beam results using Compact Muon Solenoid pixel readout electronics are presented, which demonstrate a hit efficiency of 95% and position resolution of 31 /spl mu/m for a diamond pixel sensor with 125 /spl times/ 125 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ pitch.
New synthetic routes for quantum dots (2002)

Various methods for the synthesis of quantum dots of compound semiconductors are discussed. Emphasis is placed on methods involving the decomposition of chalcogenide-containing precursors in tri-n-octylphosphine oxide. The use of simple coordination complexes can avoid the use of pyrophoric precursors. Approaches based on melts or the use of imino-bisdichalcogeno-diphosphinates are also discussed. These routes may be suitable for the production of large quantities of quantum dots.
Requirement of Cysteine-rich Repeats of the Fas Receptor for Binding by the Fas Ligand (1997)

The Fas receptor is a member of a family of cell death receptors, including tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFR I), death receptor 3 and 4 (DR3 and DR4), and cytopathic avian receptor 1 (CAR1). The Fas receptor is composed of several discrete domains, including three cysteine-rich domains (CRDs), a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain responsible for transmitting an apoptotic signal. While the mechanism of Fas-mediated cell death has become elucidated, the requirements for Fas ligand binding to the receptor have not been fully defined. Using a series of chimeric Fc-receptor fusion proteins between the human Fas receptor and TNFR I, each cysteine-rich domain of Fas was found to be required for interaction with the Fas ligand. Interestingly, TNFR I CRD1 could partially substitute for the Fas CRD1. The importance of this domain was underscored by the analysis of a Fas extracellular mutation (C66R), which resulted in a complete loss of ligand binding. This mutation was cloned from a human patient suffering from Canale-Smith syndrome, which is characterized by autoimmunity resembling that observed in the lpr and lprcg mice. The localization of essential ligand binding domains in the Fas receptor correlated exactly with the ability of the Fas receptor fusion proteins to prevent cell death mediated by the Fas ligand.
BEAM DYNAMICS DESIGN OF THE PEFP 100 MEV LINAC (2006)

The Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) is constructing a 100 MeV proton linac in order to provide 20 MeV and 100 MeV proton beams. The linac consists of a 50 keV proton injector including an ion source and a low energy beam transport (LEBT), a 3 MeV radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ), a 20 MeV drift tube linac (DTL), a medium energy beam transport (MEBT), and the higher energy part (20 MeV ~ 100 MeV) of the 100 MeV DTL. The MEBT is located after the 20 MeV DTL to extract 20 MeV proton beams. The construction of the 20 MeV part of the linac was completed and is now under beam test. The higher energy part of the PEFP linac was designed to operate with 8% beam duty. This brief report discusses the design of the higher energy part of the PEFP 100MeV linac as well as the MEBT.
Tissue localization and CD8 accessory molecule expression of T gamma delta cells in humans. (1989)

In this study, we used TCR isotype-specific antibodies to examine the frequency, phenotype, and histologic localization pattern of T gamma delta cells in humans. The TCR delta 1+ cells comprised an average of 15% of the splenic CD3+ cells and 7% of circulating T cells. The T gamma delta cells in these human tissues, like their avian counterparts, were often not "double-negative" for the CD4 and CD8 accessory molecules. Approximately 50% of the splenic delta+ cells expressed CD8, and 30% of the delta+ cells in blood were CD8+. T cells of both gamma delta and alpha beta TCR isotypes were exceedingly rare in the skin. The T gamma delta cells exhibited preferential homing to the sinusoidal areas (red pulp) of the spleen and into the epithelial layer of the intestine in humans, as had been previously noted in chickens. Although 80% of the T gamma delta cells in the human intestinal mucosa were localized in the epithelial layer, these cells represented only 5 to 10% of all the CD3+ T cells in this microenvironment. We conclude that T gamma delta cells represent a sizeable subpopulation of the T cells in human peripheral tissues. The phylogenetic conservation of the CD8 expression by peripheral T gamma delta cells and of their preferential homing pattern suggests a special role in bodily defense for this T cell subpopulation.
A survey on network resiliency methodologies against weather-based disruptions (2016)

Due to the increasing dependence on network services of our society, research has recently been concentrating on enhancing traditional protection strategies to withstand large-scale failures, as in case of disaster events. The recently-formed EU-funded RECODIS project aims at coordinating and fostering research collaboration in Europe on disaster resiliency in communication networks. In particular, the Working Group (WG) 2 of the RECODIS project focuses on developing new network-resiliency strategies to survive weather-based disruptions. As a first step, WG2 members have conducted a comprehensive literature survey on existing studies on this topic. This paper classifies and summarizes the most relevant studies collected by WG2 members in this first phase of the project. While the majority of studies regarding weather-based disruptions deals with wireless network (as wireless channel is directly affected by weather conditions), in this survey we cover also disaster-resiliency approaches designed for wired network if they leverage network reconfiguration based on disaster “alerts”, considering that many weather-based disruptions grant an “alert” thanks to weather forecast.
Germline Allele-Specific Expression of <i>TGFBR1</i> Confers an Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2008)

Much of the genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC) in humans is unexplained. Studying a Caucasian-dominated population in the United States, we showed that germline allele-specific expression (ASE) of the gene encoding transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type I receptor, TGFBR1, is a quantitative trait that occurs in 10 to 20% of CRC patients and 1 to 3% of controls. ASE results in reduced expression of the gene, is dominantly inherited, segregates in families, and occurs in sporadic CRC cases. Although subtle, the reduction in constitutive TGFBR1 expression alters SMAD-mediated TGF-beta signaling. Two major TGFBR1 haplotypes are predominant among ASE cases, which suggests ancestral mutations, but causative germline changes have not been identified. Conservative estimates suggest that ASE confers a substantially increased risk of CRC (odds ratio, 8.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 29.1), but these estimates require confirmation and will probably show ethnic differences.
Novel Method of Producing Polymer Gels in Aqueous Solution Using UV Irradiation (2004)

Abstract Summary: We developed a novel method of producing polymer gels in aqueous solution using UV irradiation. Persulfates were effective photosensitive initiators of polymerization and/or gelation of acryloyl‐type monomers/polymers. The gelation was confirmed by an abrupt increase in light scattering intensity, 〈 I ( q )〉 T , at the gelation point. The gelation method entails significant advantages: it does not need any cross‐linkers, temperature control (heating), and additives except the persulfate. The UV irradiation time dependence of light scattering intensity, 〈 I ( q )〉 T , for pre‐gel solutions containing N ‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and/or ammonium persulfate (APS). image The UV irradiation time dependence of light scattering intensity, 〈 I ( q )〉 T , for pre‐gel solutions containing N ‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and/or ammonium persulfate (APS).