gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Load frequency control with dynamic demand control for deregulated power system (2014)

The dynamic demand control (DDC) has the potential to improve the frequency stability of the power system, especially for accommodating intermittent renewable power generation. This paper investigates a load frequency control (LFC) with DDC for a multi-area power system in deregulated environment. The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is adopted in LFC scheme, and the PI controller is used for DDC scheme. Case studies are carried out based on a three-area LFC power system under deregulated environment. Simulation results show that the LFC with DDC consistently has better performance under different scenarios and parameter uncertainties than the LFC without DDC. The system dynamic response in terms of the integral of the time multiplied absolute value of the error (ITAE) is adopted to demonstrate the performance improvement obtained by the DDC.
A Study on Service of Certified e-Document Authority System (2009)

본 연구의 목적은 전자문서를 안전하게 보관하는 국가로부터 인증 받은 제3의 기관인 공인전자문서 보관소에 대해 고찰하고, 공인전자문서보관소 제도가 활성화될 수 있도록 서비스에 대한 발전방안을 제시하고자 하는 것이다. 연구를 위해 국내 사업자 3곳과 외국의 유사사례를 조사하고, 서비스를 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 공인전자문서보관소에서 다양한 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 IT 시스템 위주의 기본서비스에서 발전하여 각 보관소별 특화영역 발굴, 기록관리 컨설팅 업무, 위기관리서비스 실시등의 방안을 제시하였다. 이를 바탕으로 기업기록 보존을 위한 공인전자문서보관소 시장을 확대할 수 있는 다양한 비즈니스 모델을 구축할 수 있을 것이다. This study deals with a certified e-document authority system to securely archive e-documents by a government authorized third party. For this study, I have looked at three cases of certified e-document authority systems and compared then with the similar cases in the USA and Japan. In my conclusion, I suggest four ideas to improve the service of certified e-document authority system. First, the company providing the certified e-document authority system needs to expand to special services. Second, they need to concentrate on subject area of their business. Third, they should provide a consulting service for business archives with business customers. Finally, they can support additional services like document risk management and other digital contents archiving.
An orthotic hand-assistive exoskeleton for actuated pinch and grasp (2009)

Over 450,000 Americans suffer from debilitative disorders resulting in the loss of proper hand function. A lightweight, non-cumbrous, orthotic hand exoskeleton was designed to restore normal pinching and grasping finger motions. Three functional digit mechanisms were designed: a thumb, index, and grouped third digit, comprised of the middle, ring, and small fingers. Each phalange was enclosed by a series of cylindrical aluminum bands connected at the centers of rotation of each joint. Bowden cables were mounted beneath each digit to provide active flexion, mimicking the tendons in the hand. A spring extension mechanism maintained constant tension in the Bowden cables, and during relaxation, returned the actuated digits to a fully extended resting position. Individually controlled actuators mounted on a forearm assembly produced 15 N of tensile force in each cable. The orthotic hand exoskeleton will be integrated with a digital control system currently under development in this laboratory. The complete system was designed to restore hand functionality through the amplification of precision pinch and/or power grasp.
Formation of Superconducting YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub><i>y</i></sub> through Sol-Gel Method (1988)

The preparation of superconducting YBa2Cu3O2y through sol-gel method was performed using an acetate aqueous solution. Conditions of gelation and conversion of gel to YBa2Cu3O2y ceramics were investigated, applying thermal analysis, infrared absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Transparent gel was obtained from the acetate solution with cation mole ratio of Y:Ba:Cu=1:2:3 by adjusting the initial pH of the solution. Formation of Cu metal, Cu2O and BaCO3 below 400°C was found to occur during heat treatment of the gel. Above 600°C the heated sample turned into a mixture of Y2O3, BaCO3 and CuO, which finally transformed into the single phase of YBa2Cu3O2y at 910°C. The resultant material showed good high Tc superconductivity.
Thermal expansion and elastic properties of InN (2001)

The thermal expansion coefficients of wurtzite structure InN are evaluated within the constraints of a basic model and predicted for an extended temperature range. Together with the elastic constants provided earlier, this information gives a basis for optimizing thin-film growth conditions and thereby reducing the residual stresses in group-III-nitride thin-film devices.
Localization of actin, <i>β</i>spectrin, 43×103Mr and 58×103<i>M</i> <i>r</i> proteins to receptor-enriched domains of newly formed acetylcholine receptor aggregates in isolated myotube membranes (1990)

I have examined the possible involvement of specific cytoskeletal and peripheral membrane proteins in the early stages of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) aggregation in rat myotubes in culture by immunofluorescence localization of these proteins on the cytoplasmic face of isolated plasma membranes. A culture procedure utilizing selective replating of myoblasts and subsequent treatment with cytosine arabinoside was devised to obtain large, multipolar myotubes with extensive upper surfaces that are free of fibroblasts. These cultures were exposed for 4-6 h to embryonic pig brain extract (EBX) to induce AChR aggregate formation on the upper cell surface, and the AChRs were labeled with TRITC-conjugated alpha-bungarotoxin. Large sheets of plasma membranes from the upper cell surface were isolated by adhesion to a coverslip coated with a polypeptide adhesive (Cell-Tak) that was pressed on top of the culture. The membranes were labeled by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies against the 43 x 10(3) Mr and 58 x 10(3) Mr proteins, originally identified in the AChR-enriched membranes of Torpedo electroplaques, and with monoclonal antibodies against isoforms of actin and beta-spectrin. The labeling patterns showed that all four of these proteins are concentrated in the punctate AChR-enriched domains within the aggregates, suggesting that they may be involved in the early stages of AChR aggregation. Immunofluorescence labeling with monoclonal antibodies against vinculin and clathrin, and with an antiserum to talin, showed that these proteins are also associated with AChR aggregates; however, their labeling patterns did not correspond closely to the AChR-enriched domains. Furthermore, vinculin and talin dissociated from most of the membrane during isolation. The concentration of beta-spectrin and actin isoforms on the cytoplasmic fact of the AChR-enriched domains is consistent with the formation, early in the aggregation process, of a membrane-cytoskeleton association similar to that of erythrocytes.
Depletion Layer of Gate Poly-Si (2005)

The depletion effects of gate poly-Si are investigated in detail taking into consideration the fact that many-body effects due to carrier-carrier and carrier-ion interactions are different at the surface than in a bulk of the gate poly-Si. All calculations are self-consistently performed including an incomplete ionization of activated impurities in an iterative manner. As a result, it is found that the surface part of these interactions affects the equivalent oxide thickness determined by the capacitance-voltage fitting, and that the bulk part affects the determination of flat band potential. It is also found that the surface of the gate poly-Si is incompletely depleted, and the depletion layer is then wider than calculated when assuming the complete depletion (N/sub S//N/sub D/). The width of the incomplete depletion layer is studied in detail for the first time.
The detection of cysteine‐homocysteine mixed disulphide in plasma of normal fasting man (1978)

Cysteine-homocysteine mixed disulphide, formed in the degradation of methionine, is detected routinely in the plasma of fasting patients homozygous for homocystinuria and in some obligate heteroxygotes. It has not hitherto been identified in the plasma of normal fasting man. Using a highly cross-linked resin with lithium citrate buffers on a JEOL. Amino Acid Analyser, we have detected the mixed disulphide in every one of the plasma samples from twenty normal fasting subjects. The mean concentration was 3.25 mumol/l (SD 0.85, N = 20), with a range of from 1.68 to 4.85 mumol/l. The other neutral and acidic amino acids were within the accepted normal range. The study shows that circulating homocysteine is normally not immediately transformed to cystathionine or remethylated to methionine; some combines with cysteine to form measurable amounts of mixed disulphide. Since homocysteine may produce endothelial damage, the present findings could be relevant to an understanding of the pathogenesis of vascular disease.
Paraoxonase 1 activity, concentration and genotype in cardiovascular disease (2004)

Bharti Mackness is funded by the International HDL Research Awards Programme. All authors receive research funding from the British Heart Foundation and Diabetes UK.
Purification from Placenta, Amino Acid Sequence, Structure Comparisons and cDNA Cloning of Human Glutaredoxin (1995)

Glutaredoxin is generally a glutathione-dependent hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase and also catalyses general glutathione (GSH)-disulfide-oxidoreduction reactions in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. A Glutaredoxin from human placenta was purified to homogeneity, as judged by SDS/PAGE and IEF (12 kDa). Purification was monitored by the activity with hydroxyethyl disulfide as a substrate. Values of pI for glutaredoxin were obtained by IEF; the pI of the protein shifted from 7.3 in its fully reduced state to 9.0 in the oxidized state after treatment with excess hydroxyethyl disulfide. The glutaredoxin preparation showed GSH-dependent hydrogen-donor activity with recombinant mouse ribonucleotide reductase, it exhibited dehydroascorbate reductase activity as well as hydroxyethyl-disulfide-reducing activity. The amino acid sequence (residues 3-104) of glutaredoxin was determined by peptide sequencing and residues 1, 2 and 105 by cDNA sequence analysis. The glutaredoxin sequence comprised the classical active site for glutaredoxins -Cys22-Pro-Tyr-Cys25- and three additional half-cystine residues; two of these in positions 78 and 82. The sequence was similar to other known mammalian glutaredoxins (about 80% identities), with important differences such as one additional Cys residue (Cys7) and no Met residue. The sequence of human glutaredoxin was compared to that of Escherichia coli glutaredoxin with known three-dimensional structure in solution to identify conserved residues and predict a structure from alignment. In particular the GSH-binding site of glutaredoxin was conserved between all molecules. A cDNA that encodes the entire glutaredoxin gene (grx) and flanking sequences was isolated from a human spleen cDNA library. The nucleotide sequence of this cDNA (0.8 kb) was determined, including the complete grx gene.
Intracorneal ring segments in ectatic corneal disease – a review (2010)

The purpose of this review is to collect and summarize all the scientific literature regarding the use of intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) in corneal ectatic disease. These implants, initially designed to correct myopia in normal eyes, are implanted in the deep corneal stroma with the aim of achieving modifications to the corneal curvature and subsequently refractive adjustments. Colin et al. in 2000 were the first to report the efficacy of these implants in reducing the refractive error and corneal steepening in keratoconus eyes. Two main types of ICRS have been developed and used for the treatment of ectatic corneal disease, different in profile and diameter of implantation: Intacs and Ferrara rings. Successful outcomes have been reported by several authors with these implants in keratoconic eyes using different nomograms. Besides keratoconus, ICRS have been also used successfully for the management of pellucid marginal degeneration and post-laser in situ keratomileusis corneal ectasia. The implantation procedure may be performed today by two surgical techniques to create the corneal channels where implants are inserted: mechanical dissection using a manual semicircular dissector (mechanical-assisted) and photodisruption of lamellar tissue using the femtosecond laser technology (femtosecond-assisted). With both techniques, visual, refractive and topographic improvements have been observed, although higher incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications have been reported with the mechanical procedure according to the evidence found in the peer-reviewed literature. ICRS technology is a promising therapeutic option in corneal ectatic disease, avoiding corneal graft and allowing a visual and refractive rehabilitation.
Measuring similarity of malware behavior (2009)

Malicious software (malware) represents a major threat for computer systems of almost all types. In the past few years the number of prevalent malware samples has increased dramatically due to the fact that malware authors started to deploy morphing (aka obfuscation) techniques in order to hinder detection of such polymorphic malware by anti-malware products. Using these techniques numerous variants of a malware can be generated. All these variants have a different syntactic representation while providing almost the same functionality and showing similar behavior. In order to effectively detect polymorphic malware it is advantageous (if not required) to know which malware samples are variants of a particular malware. Respective approaches for determining this relation between malware samples automatically are currently investigated by a number of researchers. A prerequisite for assessing this relation based on particular features of malware samples is an appropriate similarity or distance measure. In particular a number of approaches for clustering malware samples have been recently published. Thereby different similarity measures are used but without thoroughly discussing their choice. So it is an unanswered question which similarity measures are appropriate for determining respective relations between malware samples. To answer this question we study different distance measures in detail and discuss desirable properties of a distance measure for this particular purpose. We focus on behavioral features of malware and compare and experimentally evaluate different distance measures for malware behavior. Based on our results we identify a most appropriate distance measure for grouping malware samples based on similar behavior.
Formed platelet liner concept for regeneratively cooled chambers (1990)

A process for the fabrication of a formed platelet regeneratively cooled combustion chamber liner is described, and the benefits offered by the combustor liner are discussed. The advantages of using formed platelet combustor liners include a substantially increased cycle life and decreased coolant pressure drop in conjunction with low manufacturing costs. In the initial experiments, zirconium copper combustor liner sections with a hot gas wall thickness as small as 0.008 inch and channel aspect ratios of 15 have been achieved. It is also shown that HIP provides an excellent bonding technique for joining chamber liner panels.
Progressive facsimile coding scheme for interactive image communications (1985)

Abstract Recent developments have led to increased application of interactive image communications in teleconferencing and video disc systems. Many of these systems have facsimile transceivers as subsets. However, since conventional facsimile devices provide only hard copy, some soft copy display devices are desirable for interactive image communications. This paper proposes a progressive facsimile coding scheme for interactive image communications. This scheme permits rapid browsing of the images and image quality can be improved progressively if required. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme is more efficient than the standard coding scheme for G4 facsimile. Using the progressive coding scheme, the contents of most images can be recognized after 30 to 40% of the total transmission time. The applications of this efficient coding scheme in interactive image communications and the storage and retrieval of images are discussed.
Chemistry in German secondary schools (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry in German secondary schoolsR. W. Hufferd Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1937, 14, 3, 124Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1937Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 March 1937Published inissue 1 March 1937https://doi.org/10.1021/ed014p124RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Measurement of Two-Dimensional Blood Velocity Vectors by the Ultrasonic Speckle Projection Technique (1993)

A technique has been developed for measuring the two in-plane components of blood velocity using ultrasound. The principle is based on analyzing a time sequence of successive images of the speckle pattern, and forming spatial projections of the resulting three-dimensional data set. The mathematics may be understood in terms of sections through a three-dimensional Fourier transform of the original data. The technique has been tested with data from a computer-controlled scanner using a tissue-mimicking phantom, and with data from a commercial ultrasound scanner using images of flowing blood in a jugular vein. In both cases, velocity vectors with many different orientations were measured, demonstrating the feasibility of the method. A less restrictive real-time implementation is suggested.
The effects of pH during treatment of lettuce seeds with chlorine‐releasing compounds on germination and seedling development (1985)

SUMMARY Hypochlorite seed treatments have been reported in the literature as giving variable results. We report experiments on this topic in which lettuce seeds were used as a model biological system. Seeds were treated for 2 h with solutions of sodium hypochlorite diluted with buffers of pH 9·8, 10·8 and 11·8, or with the buffers alone. Only the seeds treated with hypochlorite diluted with pH 9·8 buffer showed increased numbers of abnormal seedlings when subsequently germinated. In an experiment in which lettuce seeds were treated with sodium dichloroisocyanurate (a chlorine‐releasing triazine compound) and related non‐chlorinated compounds, seedling abnormalities were related to chlorine in solution. Measurements of pH together with the known chemistry of hypochlorite suggest that the damaging agent in these experiments was the biocidal undissociated hypochlorous acid.
Large-scale patterned multi-layer graphene films as transparent conducting electrodes for GaN light-emitting diodes (2010)

This work demonstrates a large-scale batch fabrication of GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with patterned multi-layer graphene (MLG) as transparent conducting electrodes. MLG films were synthesized using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique on nickel films and showed typical CVD-synthesized MLG film properties, possessing a sheet resistance of [Formula: see text] with a transparency of more than 85% in the 400-800 nm wavelength range. The MLG was applied as the transparent conducting electrodes of GaN-based blue LEDs, and the light output performance was compared to that of conventional GaN LEDs with indium tin oxide electrodes. Our results present a potential development toward future practical application of graphene electrodes in optoelectronic devices.
Cancer metastases: challenges and opportunities (2015)

Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, and accounts for about 90% of cancer deaths. Although cancer survival rate has been significantly improved over the years, the improvement is primarily due to early diagnosis and cancer growth inhibition. Limited progress has been made in the treatment of cancer metastasis due to various factors. Current treatments for cancer metastasis are mainly chemotherapy and radiotherapy, though the new generation anti-cancer drugs (predominantly neutralizing antibodies for growth factors and small molecule kinase inhibitors) do have the effects on cancer metastasis in addition to their effects on cancer growth. Cancer metastasis begins with detachment of metastatic cells from the primary tumor, travel of the cells to different sites through blood/lymphatic vessels, settlement and growth of the cells at a distal site. During the process, metastatic cells go through detachment, migration, invasion and adhesion. These four essential, metastatic steps are inter-related and affected by multi-biochemical events and parameters. Additionally, it is known that tumor microenvironment (such as extracellular matrix structure, growth factors, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases) plays a significant role in cancer metastasis. The biochemical events and parameters involved in the metastatic process and tumor microenvironment have been targeted or can be potential targets for metastasis prevention and inhibition. This review provides an overview of these metastasis essential steps, related biochemical factors, and targets for intervention.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase is an endogenous neuroprotectant after traumatic brain injury in rats and mice (1999)

Nitric oxide (NO) derived from the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) is an inflammatory product implicated both in secondary damage and in recovery from brain injury. To address the role of iNOS in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), we used 2 paradigms in 2 species. In a model of controlled cortical impact (CCI) with secondary hypoxemia, rats were treated with vehicle or with 1 of 2 iNOS inhibitors (aminoguanidine and L-N-iminoethyl-lysine), administered by Alzet pump for 5 days and 1. 5 days after injury, respectively. In a model of CCI, knockout mice lacking the iNOS gene (iNOS(-/-)) were compared with wild-type (iNOS(+/+)) mice. Functional outcome (motor and cognitive) during the first 20 days after injury, and histopathology at 21 days, were assessed in both studies. Treatment of rats with either of the iNOS inhibitors after TBI significantly exacerbated deficits in cognitive performance, as assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) and increased neuron loss in vulnerable regions (CA3 and CA1) of hippocampus. Uninjured iNOS(+/+) and iNOS(-/-) mice performed equally well in both motor and cognitive tasks. However, after TBI, iNOS(-/-) mice showed markedly worse performance in the MWM task than iNOS(+/+) mice. A beneficial role for iNOS in TBI is supported.