gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming and Selecting Functional Test Cases for Security Policy Testing (2009)

In this paper, we consider typical applications in which the business logic is separated from the access control logic, implemented in an independent component, called the Policy Decision Point (PDP). The execution of functions in the business logic should thus include calls to the PDP, which grants or denies the access to the protected resources/functionalities of the system, depending on the way the PDP has been configured. The task of testing the correctness of the implementation of the security policy is tedious and costly. In this paper, we propose a new approach to reuse and automatically transform existing functional test cases for specifically testing the security mechanisms. The method includes a three-step technique based on mutation applied to security policies (RBAC, XACML, OrBAC) and AOP for transforming automatically functional test cases into security policy test cases. The method is applied to Java programs and provides tools for performing the steps from the dynamic analyses of impacted test cases to their transformation. Three empirical case studies provide fruitful results and a first proof of concepts for this approach, e.g. by comparing its efficiency to an error-prone manual adaptation task.
Electrotactile adaptation on the abdomen: preliminary results (2000)

Electrotactile (electrocutaneous) stimulation at currents greater than sensation threshold causes sensory adaptation, which temporarily raises the sensation threshold and reduces the perceived magnitude of stimulation. After 15 min of moderately intense exposure to a conditioning stimulus (10 s on, 10 s off), the sensation threshold elevation for seven observers was 60-270%, depending on the current, frequency, and number of pulses in the burst structure of the conditioning stimulus. Increases in any of these parameters increased the sensation threshold elevation. Adaptation and recovery were each complete in approximately 15 min.
Rectal route in the 21st Century to treat children (2014)

The rectal route can be considered a good alternative to the oral route for the paediatric population because these dosage forms are neither to be swallowed nor need to be taste-masked. Rectal forms can also be administered in an emergency to unconscious or vomiting children. Their manufacturing cost is low with excipients generally regarded as safe. Some new formulation strategies, including mucoadhesive gels and suppositories, were introduced to increase patient acceptability. Even if recent paediatric clinical studies have demonstrated the equivalence of the rectal route with others, in order to enable the use of this promising route for the treatment of children in the 21st Century, some effort should be focused on informing and educating parents and care givers. This review is the first ever to address all the aforementioned items, and to list all drugs used in paediatric rectal forms in literature and marketed products in developed countries.
An analysis of the temperature distribution in finite solid-state laser rods (1988)

An expression for the time-dependent temperature distribution in a finite solid-state laser rod, for an arbitrary distribution of pump energy, has been derived. The specific case of end pumping by circular (constant) or Gaussian beams is included. This formulation was used to predict the time evolution of temperature in Ti:sapphire laser rods and in Nd:YAG rods of specific dimensions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards Unified Compound Screening Strategies: A Critical Evaluation of Error Sources in Experimental and Virtual High‐Throughput Screening (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Comportamiento de los tripulantes de cruceros en Cozumel, México (2015)

A pesar de la alta demanda del turismo de cruceros en todo el mundo, se ha prestado muy poca atención a las problemáticas relacionadas con el tripulante, sobretodo, en cuestión de su comportamiento en los puertos de escala que visitan durante su tiempo libre, siendo esto último muy escasamente abordado en la literatura. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente artículo consiste en comparar las actividades del tripulante en Cozumel durante el 2009 con las que realiza actualmente y demostrar la importancia del estudio de su comportamiento a partir de dichas actividades, a fin de que se reconozca la presencia del sector por parte de los gestores de la isla. Los métodos consistieron en recorridos de campo (de diciembre de 2014 a abril de 2015), donde se realizó observación pasiva y activa, conversaciones informales, y 18 entrevistas a tripulantes a fin de identificar sus actividades principales. Si bien los hallazgos corroboran lo encontrado por Van Broeck y Dierckx (2011), se han podido detectar cambios en las actividades del tripulante y una mayor oferta de negocios dirigidos a este sector, lo cual debe valorar por los tomadores de decisiones a fin de que exista una gestión en la que se reconozca a todos los entes involucrados y que conduzca a un mejor desarrollo del destino.
Using ANOVA to Analyze Microarray Data (2004)

ANOVA provides a general approach to the analysis of single and multiple factor experiments on both one- and two-color microarray platforms. Mixed model ANOVA is important because in many microarray experiments there are multiple sources of variation that must be taken into consideration when constructing tests for differential expression of a gene. The genome is large, and the signals of expression change can be small, so we must rely on rigorous statistical methods to distinguish signal from noise. We apply statistical tests to ensure that we are not just making up stories based on seeing patterns where there may be none.
Protecting the heart: a practical review of the statin studies. (2002)

The aim of this review of the landmark HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) studies is to enable the clinician to draw practical lessons from these trials. The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) established the importance of treating the hypercholesterolemic patient with established cardiovascular heart disease. The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS) showed the benefit of treating healthy hypercholesterolemic men who were nevertheless at high risk of developing cardiovascular heart disease in the future. The Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) study, a secondary prevention trial, proved the benefit of treating patients with myocardial ischemia and cholesterol levels within normal limits. This conclusion was confirmed by the Long-term Intervention With Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) study, another secondary prevention study that enrolled patients with a wide range of cholesterol levels (4-7 mmol/dL), into which the large majority of patients would belong. The importance of treating patients with established ischemic heart disease (IHD), and those at high risk of developing cardiovascular heart disease, regardless of cholesterol level, was being realized. The Air Force/Texas Coronary Artery Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) then showed that treatment can reduce adverse cardiovascular events even in the primary prevention of patients with normal cholesterol levels. The Myocardial Ischemia Reduction With Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) trial showed that hypocholesterolemic therapy is useful in the setting of an acute coronary syndrome, while the Atorvastatin Versus Revascularisation Treatment (AVERT) study showed that aggressive statin therapy is as good as angioplasty in reducing ischemic cardiac events in patients with stable angina pectoris. Finally, the Heart Protection Study (HPS) randomized more than 20,000 patients, and the value of statins in reducing adverse cardiovascular events in the high-risk patient, including the elderly, women, and even in those with low cholesterol levels, is beyond doubt. The emphasis is now on the risk level for developing cardiovascular events, and treatment should target the high-risk group and not be dependent on the actual cholesterol level of the patient. It is interesting to compare the large amount of data on the value and safety of the statins with the much more limited and less convincing data on antioxidant vitamins.
Least-Squares Algorithms for Adaptive Equalizers (1981)

Least-squares algorithms are the fastest converging algorithms for adaptive signal processors, such as adaptive equalizers. The Kalman, fast Kalman, and adaptive lattice algorithms using a least-squares cost function are investigated and extended to complex, fractionally spaced equalizers. It is shown that, for a typical telephone channel, these algorithms converge roughly three times as fast as the conventional stochastic-gradient technique. We analyze and compute the computational complexities and demonstrate that the fast Kalman algorithm is the most efficient in terms of overall performance.
Interactions between betaine-type zwitterionic and anionic surfactants in mixed micelles (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteractions between betaine-type zwitterionic and anionic surfactants in mixed micellesToshihiko Iwasaki, Masataka Ogawa, Kunio Esumi, and Kenjiro MeguroCite this: Langmuir 1991, 7, 1, 30–35Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00049a008https://doi.org/10.1021/la00049a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1019Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cyano esters and malononitriles. IV. Cyano(fluorenyl)acetohydrazides and fluorenylpyrazolones (1977)

Cyano(fluoren-9-yl)acetohydrazides cyclize readily under acid or basic conditions to give 3-amino-4-(9-substituted fluoren-9-yl)pyrazol-5(4H)- ones (3). Upon thermolysis of the hydrazides the pyrazolones and/or dimeric products are produced.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The cyanoacetohydrazides condense with phthalic anhydride to give the 2-(fluoren-9-yl)-N-phthalimidoacetamides(7), whereas, with succinic anhydride, the open-chain compounds (10) are obtained which upon thermolysis afford the dimeric compounds (6). The acetamides (7) undergo unusual reductive cleavage with sodium borohydride affording the fluorenylpyrazolones (3). Electronic, infrared and N.M.R. spectra of the products are discussed.
Glucose phosphorylation. Site-directed mutations which impair the catalytic function of hexokinase. (1991)

Recent studies from this and other laboratories have resulted in the cloning and sequencing of hexokinases from a variety of tissues including yeast, human kidney, rat brain, rat liver, and mouse hepatoma. Significantly, studies on the hepatoma enzyme conducted in this laboratory (Arora, K.K., Fanciulli, M., and Pedersen, P.L. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 6481-6488) resulted also in its overexpression in Escherichia coli in active form. We have now used site-directed mutagenesis for the first time in studies of hexokinase to evaluate the role of amino acid residues predicted to interact with either glucose or ATP. Four amino acid residues (Ser-603, Asp-657, Glu-708, and Glu-742) believed to interact with glucose were mutated to alanine or glycine, whereas a lysine residue (Lys-558) thought to be directly involved in binding ATP was mutated to either methionine or arginine. Of all the mutations in residues believed to interact with glucose, the Asp-657----Ala mutation is the most profound, reducing the hexokinase activity to a level less than 1% of the wild type. The relative Vmax values for Ser-603----Ala, Glu-708----Ala, and Glu-742----Ala enzymes are 6, 10, and 6.5%, respectively, of the wild-type enzyme. Glu-708 and Glu-742 mutations increase the apparent Km for glucose 50- and 14-fold, respectively, while the Ser-603----Ala mutation decreases the apparent Km for glucose 5-fold. At the putative ATP binding site, the relative Vmax for Lys-558----Arg and Lys-558----Met enzymes are 70 and 29%, respectively, of the wild-type enzyme with no changes in the apparent Km for glucose. No changes were observed in the apparent Km for ATP with any mutation. These results support the view that all 4 residues predicted to interact with glucose from earlier x-ray studies may play a role in binding and/or catalysis. The Asp-657 and Ser-603 residues may be involved in both, while Glu-708 and Glu-742 clearly contribute to binding but are not essential for catalysis. In contrast, Lys-558 appears to be essential neither for binding nor catalysis.
The Role of Maturation Drying in the Transition from Seed Development to Germination (1985)

Kermode, A. R. and Bewley, J. D. 1985. The role of maturation drying in the transition from seed development to germination. 1. Acquisition of desiccation–tolerance and germinability during development of Ricinus communis L. seeds.—J. exp. Bot. 36: 1906–1915. Seeds of Ricinus communis L. cv. Hale (castor bean) undergo a transition from desiccation–intolerance to desiccation–tolerance approximately midway through their development. Tolerance of slow desiccation is gained over only a few days of development (between 20 and 25 d) and is achieved well before the completion of major developmental events, such as reserve deposition and the onset of normal maturation drying. A tolerance of very rapid water loss brought about by drying over silica gel is not acquired by this seed until near maturity. Coincident with the acquisition of tolerance to slow desiccation the seeds gain the capacity to germinate upon subsequent rehydration. Germinability and capacity for normal post–germinative growth during the tolerant phase are not fully expressed unless the seed is dried at an optimal rate, which is dependent upon the developmental stage of the seed. Drying presumably acts to terminate developmental processes and to initiate those metabolic processes necessary to prepare the seed for germination and growth.
Ultrastructure of peripheral neuropathy induced in rabbits by 2',3'-dideoxycytidine. (1992)

The nucleoside analogue, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC), an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase, mediates virologic and immunologic improvements in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. However, in clinical studies ddC treatment is associated with a dose-limiting peripheral neuropathy. The purpose of this study was to characterize the ultrastructural features of the peripheral neuropathy induced in rabbits. Rabbits received 0, 10, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day of ddC for 18 weeks. A prominent ultrastructural change induced by ddC in sciatic nerve and ventral root was separation of myelin lamellae at the intraperiod line and vacuolation and fragmentation of myelin sheaths. Many demyelinated and remyelinated axons were observed. Although pathologic alterations in Schwann cells were evident by the presence of lipid droplets and myelin figures, their formation was not considered a primary event. Axons containing abnormal cytoplasmic components were occasionally observed. Other changes included redundance of Schwann cell basal lamina and the presence of lipid droplets and/or myelin figures within endoneurial fibroblasts and macrophages. The results of this study indicate that ddC induces a myelinopathy in rabbits characterized by myelin splitting and intramyelinic edema and an axonopathy that may be secondary to the myelin changes.
Bayesian methods for elucidating genetic regulatory networks (2002)

Bayesian network methods are useful for elucidating genetic regulatory networks because they can represent more than pair-wise relationships between variables, are resistant to overfitting, and remain robust in the face of noisy data.
Fabrication of fluoride glass single-mode fibers (1984)

Single-mode optical fibers are obtained using ZrF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> -based fluoride glasses. The fibers are drawn from a preform and jacketing tube. The preform with cladding/core ratio of 5.1 is made by using a built-in casting method. The cutoff wavelength of the fiber is experimentally determined to be 2.7 μm by bending loss measurement. Minimum transmission loss of the obtained fiber is 160 dB/km at a wavelength of 3.28 μm. The <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</tex> -value at this wavelength is estimated to be 2.03 from the core diameter and the refractive index difference.
Distinctive Antigenic Specificities of Adenosine Triphosphatases and Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Dehydrogenases as Means for Classification of the Order Mycoplasmatales (1983)

Since the species classified in order Mycoplasmatales can be separated into at least six antigenically distinct groups by analytical serology, we compared the antigenic specificities of the adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenases of 14 strains by using quantitative immunoelectrophoresis and specific strains to identify enzymatically active precipitin peaks. The following species and serological groups were studied: Mycoplasma putrefaciens, Mycoplasma capricolum, and Mycoplasma species bovine group VII (group 1); Acholeplasma laidlawii and Acholeplasma equifetale (group 2); Mycoplasma gallisepticum (group 4); Mycoplasma pneumoniae (group 5); Mycoplasma felis (group 6); Mycoplasma arginini, Mycoplasma hominis, and Mycoplasma gallinarum (group 7); and Ureaplasma urealyticum (ungrouped). Each strain showed ATPase activity which formed a precipitin peak against the homologous antiserum. Eight serologically distinct ATPases were identified, and most of these ATPases cross-reacted only within serologically related clusters of species, not between clusters; the exception was group 7, where the ATPase of M. gallinarum had a different specificity than the cross-reacting enzymes of M. arginini and M. hominis. All species except U. urealyticum possessed a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase, but the enzymes in M. felis, M. hominis, and M. arginini did not precipitate with any antisera. The remaining species showed five distinct specificities of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenases, and the antigenic relationships of these enzymes exactly paralleled those observed with ATPases. Thus, the serological specificities of common mycoplasmic enzymes are powerful taxonomic tools.
Collaborative development and maintenance of health terminologies. (2013)

The quest for a standardized terminology that can meet the varying needs of healthcare practice, and requirements for secondary use, is ongoing. The number of potential users and the number of potential uses for standardized terminologies make collaborative development, rather than the traditional de jure approach, an imperative, and there appears to be significant worldwide interest in this area. In this article we describe an initiative of the International Council of Nurses (ICN), ICNP C-Space (Collaborative Space), which utilized a social media platform to encourage and facilitate global collaborative development of its terminology, the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP(®)). We report on several years of experience of managing the platform and provide valuable lessons on collaborative terminology development. Our experience suggests that web-based platforms such as ICNP C-Space certainly offer the promise of a broader, wider-reaching, and more inclusive community of contributors to the terminology development process. However, there are also potential limitations for which we provide practical recommendations.
Data collection and language understanding of food descriptions (2014)

This paper presents initial data collection and language understanding experiments conducted as part of a larger effort to create a nutrition dialogue system that automatically extracts food concepts from a user's spoken meal description. We first summarize the data collection and annotation of food descriptions performed via Amazon Mechanical Turk. We then present semantic labeling experiments using a semi-Markov conditional random field (CRF) that obtains an F1 test score of 85.1. Finally, we report food segmentation experiments that explored three methods for associating foods with their corresponding attributes: a generative Markov model, transformation-based learning, and a CRF classifier. The CRF performed best, achieving an F1 test score of 87.1.
Influence of diethanolamine (DEOA) on structure-property behavior of molded flexible polyurethane foams (2000)

In this study, the viscoelastic and morphological properties of molded foams were investigated to determine the influence of varying the concentration of diethanolamine (DEOA), a commercially utilized crosslinking agent. FTIR and WAXS analyses showed that DEOA had a disrupting effect on the bidentate hydrogen bonding within the hard domains of the polymer. DMS revealed that DEOA softens the foam above the Tg of the soft segment but only causes minor changes in the degree of microphase separation. Annealing treatments were shown to remove the DEOA influence on the microphase separation as well as some of the softening effect. FTIR was used to show that bidentate hydrogen bonding is enhanced through the annealing of DEOA foams. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 202–216, 2000
Experimental Scoliosis in an Immature Goat Model: A Method That Creates Idiopathic-Type Deformity With Minimal Violation of the Spinal Elements Along the Curve (2003)

This study establishes an experimental model for scoliosis that creates progressive, structural, idiopathic-type, lordoscoliotic curves convex to the right in the thoracic spine of the immature goat with high statistical significance (P < 0.001). In addition, this method of experimental scoliosis creation avoids violation of the spinal elements throughout the maximal portion of the curve providing an ideal opportunity subsequent study of the deformity.
Rapid Detection of Contaminated Intravenous Fluids Using the <i>Limulus</i> In Vitro Endotoxin Assay (1973)

Intravenous fluids and administration sets may become contaminated with gram-negative bacteria during use and result in a life-threatening situation to the patient. The Limulus in vitro assay for endotoxin was used in two patients whose parenteral fluids had become contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This test allowed rapid detection of the contaminated intravenous fluids and demonstrated a concomitant endotoxemia in both patients. The same strains of pseudomon were subsequently cultured from each patient's blood, intravenous catheter tip, and parenteral fluid and administration set. A different serotype of pseudomonas was unique to each patient, indicating two separate and unrelated cases of accidental contamination of the administration sets. Endotoxin-like activity was also demonstrated from several brands of commercial human serum albumin, which may contribute low-level activity detectable by the Limulus assay.