gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Target controlled infusion algorithms for anesthesia: Theory vs practical implementation (2009)

Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) systems are based in drug pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models implemented in an algorithm to drive an infusion pump. Infusion control algorithms have been designed, implemented and validated for several anesthetic drugs, devices and controllers. The maintenance phase in these algorithms is represented by an equation that compensates the loss of drug from the central compartment and maintains the set target concentration. The goal of the current study was to improve existing TCI software with a new method for the maintenance phase. We compared and analyzed two different methods to find the more efficient method for the maintenance phase in an open-loop control TCI system.
Quasi-linear gradients for capillary liquid chromatography with mass and tandem mass spectrometry (2000)

Gradient elution, capillary liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was performed with linear, static gradients constructed by laminar flowing ten, 1.5 microL volume steps of decreasing organic concentration into tubing of small internal diameter. Sample loading, gradient formation, and sample elution were accomplished entirely by means of a commercially available micro-autosampler and single-syringe drive pump. The procedure was simple, fast, stable, and reproducible. Essentially linear gradients were produced without the use of additional valves, mixers, pumps or software. It took less than 10 minutes to form a gradient and less than 30 minutes to construct the set of individual buffer vials. The gradients were shown to be stable to storage. One hour after forming, peak retention times were reproduced to +/-0.5%. Long-term retention time reproducibility was found to vary by +/-2%. Chromatographic resolution was comparable or superior to that obtained by gradient elution with conventional dynamic mixing and split flow. The procedure was adapted with a 'peak parking' method which extended the time for generating peptide fragmentation data up to 10 minutes per peptide with the triple quadruple mass spectrometer. Using this technique, collision data were collected at the 25 femtomole level on nine of ten tryptic peptides in a single run.
Performance Evaluation of VPPM Visible Light Communications Based on Simulation with Experiment’s Parameters (2018)

This paper introduces an optical software-defined radio system for visible-light communications. Practical transmitter and receiver circuits are implemented. The transmitter uses Field Programmable Gate Array unit as a modulator, and variable pulse position modulation is considered by this research. Simulation is used by this research to predict properties of the proposed system: parameters from experiments are used by the channel model to minimize the difference between experiment and simulation results. In addition, a technique for frame synchronization is developed. Results confirm that the transmitter and receiver circuits can be used for data transmission at the data rate of 25 kbps, and the proposed frame synchronization technique can be used to find a start bit efficiently. The proposed system would be used for development of signal processing units in the future.
Optimal link scheduling and power control in CDMA multihop wireless networks (2003)

We study the problem of radio resource allocation in wireless multihop networks. The main objective is to develop integrated link scheduling and power control policies to maximize the network throughput. Transmitters in the network are subject to average power constraints per link and peak power constraints per node. Subject to these constraints, we find optimal subsets of concurrent transmitters and associated power levels to maximize network throughput, taking into account multi-access interference. We find that when ambient noise levels are sufficiently high, it is generally desirable to enable simultaneous transmissions, even if they are in close geographic proximity. We compare our results against pure CDMA to illustrate the significant gains of our approach. The results in this paper are applicable to multihop and single hop networks.
Risk based inspection - developments in the USA (1994)

In 1985, under the direction of the Council of Engineering, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) formed a Risk Analysis Task Force to consider the use of risk based methods In the formulation of policies, codes and standards. In 1988, following the recommendations of this Task Force, the ASME Centre for Research established a research programme to determine how risk-based methods could be used to establish inspection requirements. Here, the author presents an overview of the current development status of risk-based inspection in the USA.
Digestive dangers : editorial (2007)

This edition of the Journal includes a number of articles on the theme of nutrition, the abdomen and metabolic control. This is an often-neglected area of critical care and these articles should provide not only 'food for thought' but practical guidelines for both nurses and doctors practising in the critical care environment.
In Search of Molecular Ratchets (1997)

Triptycylhelicenes 1 and 2 were examined as molecular rachets (see picture) in which the triptycene serves as the rachet wheel (a) and the helicenes as pawl (b) and spring (c). The ease of rotation of the triptycene wheel depends on the helicene springs and pawls, but do these have any influence on the direction of rotation?
Pericytes derived from the retinal microvasculature undergo calcification <i>in vitro</i> (1990)

Pericytes isolated from the bovine retinal microvasculature retain characteristic features of their in vivo counterparts, such as the presence of glycogen deposits, long filamentous processes, prominent microfilament bundles and the ability to display two distinct and reversible phenotypes. Time-lapse video-microscopy demonstrated that pericytes tend to overlap and aggregate, even in sparse cultures. After reaching confluence, they form multilayered areas that retract away from each other, resulting in the formation of multicellular nodules. These nodules increase in size and cellularity by going through repeated 5- to 6-h cycles of anchoring, spreading, cell proliferation and retraction. Alkaline phosphatase was not detected in pericytes at subconfluent or confluent densities, but this enzyme was expressed in areas of high cell density, such as multilayers and nodules. Pericytes synthesise and deposit an extracellular matrix at all stages of their in vitro development, including nodule formation. The matrix within the nodules contains cross-striated collagen fibres and matrix vesicles. Needle-like crystals of hydroxyapatite appear to be deposited within the matrix, thus leading to massive calcification of the nodule. Calcification, as assessed by electron microscopy, histochemical staining and X-ray microprobe analysis, occurred on plastic and collagen substrate in the absence of disodium-beta-glycerophosphate. The addition of this compound at 5 or 10 mM or the use of a collagen substratum (rather than plastic), brought forward the process of nodule formation and calcification by 3-6 days. Our results suggest that retinal pericytes may differentiate in vitro along the osteogenic pathway.
Development of a modified live, canine origin parvovirus vaccine (1982)

A modified live, canine origin parvovirus vaccine was tested for safety, efficacy, and clinical performance. The vaccine protected dogs from challenge of immunity with canine parvovirus (CPV) that caused clinical illness in all nonvaccinated dogs. Vaccinates all developed CPV serum neutralization antibody titers, with a mean value of 1,664. Challenge virus was not isolated from vaccinates, but feces from nonvaccinated dogs were CPV-positive for up to 4 days following challenge. In a pathogenicity test, dogs inoculated orally with 10 times the label dose remained clinically normal. In a reversion-to-virulence test, the vaccine strain remained nonpathogenic through 6 passages in seronegative test dogs. An immunologic interference test demonstrated that test dogs developed antibodies for all antigens in a combined canine distemper virus-adenovirus 2-parainfluenza virus-parvovirus vaccine and a Leptospira interrogans serovars canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae bacterin. A total of 1,796 doses of the multivalent preparation was administered in a field study, with veterinary practitioners reporting 36 local and 5 generalized reactions.
<title>Self-cooling solid-state lasers</title> (2004)

Schemes are considered for the construction of radiation balanced and self-cooling lasers. The formula is obtained for the photon number of self-cooling laser with direct and up-conversion energy transfer in its generation field, their intensity of radiation and conditions of their realization are determined. Its advantages are discussed comparing with traditional laser.
Clinical Anatomy of the Nose, Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses (1989)

An important review of the clinical anatomy of the nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses is presented by Professor Lang. He has intensively researched the anatomy of these structures for a quarter of a century, with emphasis on exact measurements of these vital structures as they relate to surgical intervention.
A Subpopulation of Smooth Muscle Cells in Injured Rat Arteries Expresses Platelet-Derived Growth Factor–B Chain mRNA (1995)

Proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and formation of a neointima are characteristics of the response of rat carotid arteries to balloon injury. Rat platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B was cloned, thus allowing us to use species-specific probes to carry out in situ hybridization on the surface of injured arteries. A distinct population of luminal SMCs (7% to 10%) in the developing neointima expressed PDGF-B mRNA, but very few luminal SMCs still expressed PDGF-B (0.5%) when the lesion had stopped growing. Primary SMC cultures revealed expression of PDGF-B mRNA in 1.6% of SMCs derived from normal tunica media and in 11% of SMCs derived from the neointima. These data demonstrate that SMCs in the injured vessel wall are heterogeneous with regard to PDGF-B expression and that subculturing of these cells may give rise to cultures that are either positive or negative for PDGF-B expression. Furthermore, with abundant expression of the PDGF receptor beta-subunit expressed by intimal SMCs, our findings provide evidence that PDGF-B synthesized by these cells may be involved in intimal lesion formation via a paracrine or autocrine mechanism.
Experimental Investigation on Dynamic Viscosity and Rheology of Water-Crude Oil Two Phases FlowBehavior at Different Water Volume Fractions (2014)

Emulsionconsidered as a ruthless problem within the petroleum industry due to their various costly problems in terms of production loss and transport difficulties. In this study, the dynamic viscosity and rheological properties of water-oil two phase flow were investigated using emulsion and blending with lighter crude oil approaches at different water volume fractions. Water-in-oil emulsion stabilized by (1.5 vol.%) of Cocamide DEA was considered in the study. Two samples of crude oil were used: Heavy crude oil, and heavylight blended crude oil at (60-40) vol.%. The dynamic viscosity was determined by Brokfeild Rotational Digital Viscometer Model LV/DV-III. Factors that affect the emulsion rheologyical properties: temperature, rotational speed, shear rate, shear stress, and water volume fractionwas inspected.Results showed that the water-in-heavy oil emulsion approach resulted in reducing the viscosity of original crude oil about (14%) and characterized the Non-Newtonian shear thinning “pseudo-plastic” behavior. On the other hand, the second approach of blending with (40 vol.%) of lighter crude oil showed that the viscosity and the density were significantlyreduced to (93.6 %), and (5.7%) at 30 C, respectively. However, water-in- blended crude oil emulsion followed the same behavior of the original crude oil emulsion under the same factors and conditions. Finally, the rheology studies of both approaches showed that temperature, shear rate,and water volume fraction have a great impact on the viscosity behavior of water-oil two phase flow.
A Synchronous Thyristorized DC Motor Drive (1979)

A thyristorized dc motor speed control system using phase-locked loop principle is presented. Linear model analysis is given and control performance is studied in terms of system parameters using the root-locus technique. Practical design aspects are discussed, and experimental results obtained with a prototype system intended for a separately excited ¼-hp dc motor are given.
Pyrimidine derivatives and related compounds. XXXIII. Reactions of 6-bromomethyl-5-formyl-1,3-dimethyluracil and its hydrazones with nucleophiles. Synthesis of pyrrolo(3,4-d)pyrimidines and pyrimido(4,5-d)pyridazines. (1981)

The reactions of 6-bromomethyl-5-formyl-1, 3-dimethyluracil (1) and its hydrazones (6a and 6b) with nucleophiles were investigated. Treatment of 1 with primary amines or hydrazines afforded pyrrolo [3, 4-d] pyrimidines or pyrimido [4, 5-d] pyridazines, respectively. When 6-bromomethyl-1, 3-dimethyluracil-5-carboxaldehyde tosylhydrazone (6a) was treated with hydrazine hydrate, it was readily converted into pyrrolo [3, 4-d] pyrimidine (7) and pyrimido [4, 5-d] pyridazine (8). The reaction of 6-bromomethyl-1, 3-dimethyluracil-5-carboxaldehyde acetylhydrazone (6b) with hydrazine hydrate gave N-aminopyrrolo [3, 4-d] pyrimidine (9).
<i>Elements of Gasdynamics</i> (1957)

Elements of gasdynamics , Elements of gasdynamics , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Disbond detection in adhesively bonded structures using piezoelectric wafer active sensors (2004)

Adhesively bonded joints between metallic and composite plates are gaining increasing acceptance in safety critical applications such as automotive and aerospace structures. Lamb wave methods have considerable potential for the inspection of adhesive joints and assemblies for two reasons: they do not require direct access to the bond region, and they are much more amenable to rapid scanning than are compression wave techniques. Lamb waves can be excited in one plate of a bonded assembly, propagated across the joint region, and received in the second plate of the assembly. The paper will present a study of the use of guided Lamb waves for disbond detection in adhesively bonded layered media using piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS). The focus is on developing and compare methods for damage and disbond detection in adhesively bonded structures. For far-field detection, propagating Lamb waves will be used in pitch-catch and pulse-echo modes. The pitch-catch method will send Lamb waves across the adhesive joint, while the pulse-echo method will send Lamb waves along the joint line. For near-field detection, high-frequency standing Lamb waves will be used to evaluate the presence of disbond from the changes in the mechanical impedance of the bonded joint. The standing wave approach is achieved with the self-sensing electromechanical impedance method. Both, the propagating and the standing Lamb waves are generated with the same PWAS installation. The combination of far-field and near-field damage detection in the same sensor installation is a unique feature of our work.
<i>Olig</i> gene function in CNS development and disease (2006)

Olig1 and Olig2 encode basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that are expressed in both the developing and mature vertebrate central nervous system. While numerous studies have established critical functions for Olig genes during the formation of motor neurons and oligodendrocytes of the ventral neural tube, their roles at later stages of development and in adulthood have remained relatively obscure. Recent studies, however, reveal that in the fetal dorsal spinal cord and neural progenitor cells of the adult brain, Olig expression continues to mark, and may regulate, the formation of oligodendroglia. Studies of Olig expression in human brain tumors and repair of demyelinating lesions suggest the possibility of additional functions in a variety of neurological diseases.
Selective Coactivator Interactions in Gene Activation by SREBP-1a and -1c (2004)

Requisite levels of intracellular cholesterol and fatty acids are maintained in part by the sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Three major SREBP isoforms exist; SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c are expressed from overlapping mRNAs, whereas SREBP-2 is encoded by a separate gene. The active forms of SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c differ only at their extreme N termini; SREBP-1c lacks 28 aa present in SREBP-1a and instead contains 4 unique aa of its own. While the SREBP-1a and -1c isoforms differentially activate transcription, the molecular basis of this difference is unknown. Here we define the differences between these proteins that confer the enhanced activity of SREBP-1a and demonstrate that this enhancement is a direct result of its avid binding to the coactivator CREB binding protein (CBP) and the mammalian mediator complex. While previous work determined that the C/H1 zinc finger and KIX domains of CBP bind to SREBP-1a, we provide evidence that the interaction with C/H1 is important for gene activation. We further show that the association between the activation domain of SREBP-1 and mediator is through aa 500 to 824 of DRIP150. Finally, we demonstrate the recruitment of mediator to an SREBP-responsive promoter in a sterol-dependent manner.
Flexure mode piezoelectric transducers (1971)

Although flexurally responsive piezoelectric elements have been utilized for a few decades, interest in their utility remains high. This is a result of the ability of such structures to generate high output from sources of low mechanical impedance, or conversely, to develop large displacement at low levels of electrical excitation. Typically, a bending response is obtained from a sandwich-like structure of two properly oriented piezoelectric expander plates in which case the unit is referred to as a bender Bimorph <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> . However, other approaches to benders include the unimorph, the Multimorph <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> , and other specially treated single-plate elements. Numerous applications utilizing bender responsive elements exist. To aid in meeting the variety of requirements presented by these applications, the supplier has available to him many options. These variables include choice of materials, geometry, and electrode configuration. In terms of volume of usage, the phonograph cartridge remains the number one application. However, many other electroacoustical devices are made possible by the availability of the Bimorph or its modified alternates. Some of these are indicated. In addition, the utility of the equivalent circuit and its constants are described.
Main Cosmetic Vehicles (2005)

The aim of this chapter is to treat the topic of cosmetic vehicles in a conceptual way. It is not the purpose to present a lot of formulations or types of vehicles that are used for all the different cosmetic products and sites of application. Neither will the topic be presented in a comprehensive way, because of its complexity. There are many good examples of formulation compositions described in cosmetic literature and brochures of companies offering cosmetic excipients. In this chapter an overview of various selected aspects is given that should be taken into account when cosmetic preparations are to be formulated. The critical issues for formulation development will be pointed out.
Inhibition of mammary cancer by retinyl methyl ether. (1977)

Daily feeding of the synthetic retinoid, retinyl methyl ether, beginning one week after the oral administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene to female Sprague-Dawley rats, inhibited the incidence of mammary cancer and diminished the number of mammary tumors, both malignant and benign, caused by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Retinyl methyl ether also markedly increased the latent period for appearance of mammary cancers. Retinyl methyl ether caused no evident toxicity and did not affect weight gain in these experiments. This synthetic retinoid was superior to the natural retinoid, retinyl acetate, for inhibition of mammary carcinogenesis.
New perspectives on the essential trace elements (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTNew perspectives on the essential trace elementsEarl Frieden Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 11, 917Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1985Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed062p917https://doi.org/10.1021/ed062p917newsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views4127Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrophysiological mapping of the segmental innervation of the saphenous and sural nerves (1993)

Delineation of an area of sensory loss is often helpful in localizing a lesion at the spinal or root level. We have studied the segmental innervation of two cutaneous nerves, the saphenous and the sural, during selective posterior rhizotomy. Each nerve was stimulated electrically, and recordings were made from dorsal roots L-3 to S-2 in 30 patients. We found that both nerves received innervation through at least three spinal levels. The level of maximum innervation was approximately equally divided between L-3 and L-4 for the saphenous nerve. The sural nerve received maximum innervation through S-1 in 80% of the cases, but the remainder came through L-5 or S-2. These findings provide electrophysiologic evidence that these cutaneous nerves have multiple segmental supply, and the sensory area they supply does not lie solely within a single dermatome.