gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of extraction of bulk enzymes from spent mushroom compost (2003)

Abstract The profiling of ligninase, hemicellulase and cellulase of Pleurotus sajor‐caju after inoculation of spawn in bags containing sawdust was done at monthly intervals for a period of 6 months. Xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) was produced throughout the 6 months studied with the productivity range from 5.60 to 7.51 U g −1 . Cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) and β‐glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) productivities were highest at 4 months, producing 3.31 U g −1 and 121.13 U g −1 respectively. Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) productivity was highest at 2 months with a value of 7.59 U g −1 . Lignin peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.14) productivity was highest at 5 months with a value of 206.20 U g −1 . Total soluble proteins were highest at 4 months with a value of 0.139 mg cm −3 . The profiling of lignin peroxidase in 5‐month‐old spent mushroom compost was monitored over a period of 10 months. It was observed that lignin peroxidase was produced throughout the period but productivity was variable. The average lignin peroxidase productivity ranged from 30 to 110 U g −1 . The activities of the enzymes extracted in tap water at pH 8.4 were comparable to that extracted in 50 mmol sodium citrate buffer at pH 4.8 and distilled water at pH 5.2 at 4 °C using an incubator shaker at 200 rpm for 18 h. The optimum extraction time was 1 h using an incubator shaker at 4 °C. When an incubator shaker was used, there was no significant difference in the recovery of xylanase, cellulase and laccase at different pH values at 4 °C and 28 °C. No significant difference was observed in the recovery of β‐glucosidase using an incubator shaker at different pH values at 4 °C although the enzyme recovery was slightly higher at pH 8.12, with a value of 29.27 U g −1 . The optimum extraction of β‐glucosidase was at pH 4 at room temperature using an incubator shaker. For the lignin peroxidase enzyme, the optimum pH for extraction was 6 at 4 °C and pH 7 at room temperature using an incubator shaker at 200 rpm for 1 h. Homogenization for 8 min at 8000 rpm using tap water at pH 4 had an advantage over the use of the incubator shaker for the extraction as high titers of enzymes were recovered. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Group random-access disciplines for multi-access broadcast channels (1978)

A group random-access (GILA) control discipline for a multi-access communication channel is presented and studied. A GILA scheme uses only certain channel time periods to allow some network terminals to transmit their information-bearing packets on a random-access basis. The channel can thus be utilized at other times to grant access to other terminals or other message types, by applying as appropriate group random-access, reservation, or fixed access-control procedures. GILA schemes could also be utilized to provide channel access to various network protocol packets. The average packet delay under a GRA discipline is evaluated by a Markov ratio limit theorem. To stabilize the channel, the GRA procedure is controlled dynamically by a control policy that rejects any newly arriving packets within certain time periods. Studying the associated Markov decision problem, the optimal control policy is characterized as yielding a minimal average packet delay under a prescribed maximal packet probability of rejection. This policy is shown to be represented by a single-threshold scheme. For such a scheme, a threshold value that attains the minimum probability of rejection is shown to exist and to yield a desirable control procedure. Performance curves are presented to demonstrate the delay-throughput characteristics induced by GRA procedures.
Regulation of <i>MDR1</i> promoter activity in human breast carcinoma cells by protein kinase C isozymes α and θ (2001)

Increased levels of the protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes alpha and theta occur in conjunction with MDR1 gene expression in cells and tissues that have acquired a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Studies using PKC activators or antisense strategies against PKC suggest that activation of PKC engenders MDR1 gene transcription. In this study the potential roles of PKC-alpha and PKC-theta in MDR1 gene transcriptional regulation were explored. Human-derived MCF-7 breast cancer cells that lack constitutive expression of PKC-alpha or PKC-theta at detectable levels were transfected with full-length PKC-alpha or PKC-theta genes driven by the ecdysone promoter. Stable transfectants were selected by use of the appropriate antibiotics. Treatment of these cells with ponasterone A induced expression of PKC that was catalytically active and underwent translocation and down-regulation on exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol acetate (TPA). These cells were used to analyse PKC-mediated regulation of the MDR1 promoter by further transient transfection with either 1073 bp of the MDR1 gene promoter or deletion fragments thereof to -8 bp, each linked to a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene. In PKC-alpha expressing cells TPA caused activation of all promoter fragments to -29 bp. This finding suggests that TPA-inducible MDR1 transcription mediated through the TPA responsive factor early growth response 1 (EGR-1) in this region of the promoter may be due to activation of PKC-alpha. In contrast, PKC-theta activated only two MDR1 fragments, -982 and -612 bp. The effect of TPA on reporter gene expression was attenuated by the PKC inhibitor GF 109203X. These data suggest that MDR1 promoter transcription can be regulated by PKC-alpha and PKC-theta. The results support the search for therapeutic strategies directed specifically against PKC-alpha to ameliorate resistance of tumours against cytotoxic agents.
Cyanoacetanilides Intermediates in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part 5: Preparation of Hitherto Unknown 5‐Aminopyrazole and Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives Containing Sulfamoyl Moiety (2009)

Abstract Novel 5‐aminopyrazole and pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized from the readily accessible cyanoacetanilide derivative ( 2 ).
Regression trees for predicting mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease: What improvement is achieved by using ensemble‐based methods? (2012)

In biomedical research, the logistic regression model is the most commonly used method for predicting the probability of a binary outcome. While many clinical researchers have expressed an enthusiasm for regression trees, this method may have limited accuracy for predicting health outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the improvement that is achieved by using ensemble-based methods, including bootstrap aggregation (bagging) of regression trees, random forests, and boosted regression trees. We analyzed 30-day mortality in two large cohorts of patients hospitalized with either acute myocardial infarction (N = 16,230) or congestive heart failure (N = 15,848) in two distinct eras (1999-2001 and 2004-2005). We found that both the in-sample and out-of-sample prediction of ensemble methods offered substantial improvement in predicting cardiovascular mortality compared to conventional regression trees. However, conventional logistic regression models that incorporated restricted cubic smoothing splines had even better performance. We conclude that ensemble methods from the data mining and machine learning literature increase the predictive performance of regression trees, but may not lead to clear advantages over conventional logistic regression models for predicting short-term mortality in population-based samples of subjects with cardiovascular disease.
New Instrumentation for Research on Vibrotactile Sensitivity of the Tongue (1972)

The need for a reliable instrument for vibrotactile stimulation of the tongue is presented. A signal delivery and signal monitoring instrumentation system as well as an appropriate method and apparatus for holding and positioning the test structure is described. The system is capable of controlling those spatial and psychophysical parameters affecting vibratory study of the tongue.
Robust QoS Control for Single Carrier PMP Mode IEEE 802.16 Systems (2008)

The IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN standard provides a comprehensive quality-of-service (QoS) control structure to enable flow isolation and service differentiation over the common wireless network interface. By specifying a particular set of service parameters, the media access control (MAC) mechanisms defined in the standard are able to offer predefined QoS provisioning on a per-connection basis. However, the design of efficient, flexible, and yet robust MAC scheduling algorithms for such QoS provisioning still remains an open topic. This paper proposes a new QoS control scheme for single-carrier point-to-multipoint mode wireless metropolitan area network (WirelessMAN) systems, which enables the predefined service parameters to control the service provided to each uplink and downlink connection. By MAC-PHY cross-layer resource allocation, the proposed scheme is robust against particular wireless link degradation. Detailed simulation experiments are presented to study the performance and to validate the effectiveness of the proposed QoS control scheme.
In the Mess of Things (2010)

It's not an easy task-profiling a space.A major difficulty is how to describe and make an argument about a space at the same time.In each paragraph, Emilie Schneider tells us, not just what she sees, but also what the detail means and why it matters.Schneider also pays special attention to how she organizes her thoughts.How does the isolation of quotations affect the use of evidence?Does it enhance coherence or unity?Indeed, without careful attention to structure, her essay might be as messy as the house she describes.Are there other ways that the style mimics the content?Can you find places where the text is descriptively "cluttered" like the house it depicts?Some profiles of spaces end up talking about the space's effect on people-and vice versa: How people move through that space, how that space makes them feel, how they shape it, and how that space shapes their lives.What do we learn about the family through the space?How would such a house make readers feel?How might a mess be beautiful?
A common and functional mineralocorticoid receptor haplotype enhances optimism and protects against depression in females (2011)

Mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) are abundantly expressed in the limbic brain and mediate cortisol effects on the stress-response and behavioral adaptation. Dysregulation of the stress response impairs adaptation and is a risk factor for depression, which is twice as abundant in women than in men. Because of the importance of MR for appraisal processes underlying the initial phase of the stress response we investigated whether specific MR haplotypes were associated with personality traits that predict the risk of depression. We discovered a common gene variant (haplotype 2, frequency ∼0.38) resulting in enhanced MR activity. Haplotype 2 was associated with heightened dispositional optimism in study 1 and with less hopelessness and rumination in study 2. Using data from a large genome-wide association study we then established that haplotype 2 was associated with a lower risk of depression. Interestingly, all effects were restricted to women. We propose that common functional MR haplotypes are important determinants of inter-individual variability in resilience to depression in women by differentially mediating cortisol effects on the stress system.
Biorthogonal-like sequences and generalized Gabor expansions of discrete-time signals in l/sup 2/(Z) (2002)

A biorthogonal-like sequence (BLS) theory and its application to the generalized Gabor (1946) expansion (equivalently, the generalized short-time Fourier transform/filterbank summation) are presented. A pair of BLSs are defined to be two sequences satisfying a biorthogonal-like condition (BLC). We show that two collections in a Hilbert space generated by a pair of BLSs in the joint time-frequency domain are complete, and either can be used as an analysis filter, and the other as a synthesis filter, for a generalized Gabor expansion of discrete-time signals. An efficient algorithm for computation of BLSs is addressed in detail, and examples are presented to illustrate our results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proposed thin film electronics for a-Si:H PIXEL detectors (1989)

We describe a proposed 2-D PIXEL detector and its electronic circuit. The dimensions of each PIXEL are 300 /times/ 300 ..mu..m/sup 2/. Signal-to-noise ratio is in excess of 8 when connected to an a-Si:H TFT with g/sub m/ = 3, and 10 when a polysilicon PMOSFET with g/sub m/ = 50 is used. For both cases we assume an RC-CR shaping time of 1 ..mu..sec. The signal amplification and readout circuit will be placed under the detector and can consist of 5 or 6 FETs and some passive elements. 17 refs., 12 figs., 6 tabs.
Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) circuit partitioning (2004)

This paper presents the Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) physical design problem, in the context of the VLSI physical design problem. The problem is divided into three subproblems: partitioning, placement, and routing of QCA circuits. This paper presents an ILP formulation and heuristic solution to the partitioning problem, and compares the two sets of results. Additionally, we compare a human-generated circuit to the ILP and Heuristic solutions. The results demonstrate that the heuristic is a practical method of reducing partitioning run time while providing a result that is close to the optimal for a given circuit.
Assessments of Isometric Trunk Extension Strength in Post Stroke Hemiplegic Patients (2007)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate isometric trunk extension strength in hemiplegic patients, and to compare that with normal subjects to find a correlation between trunk extension strength and the functional independent degree in hemiplegic patients. Fifteen hemiplegic male patients (mean age years) and twenty-five healthy male subjects (mean age years) completed isometric trunk extension. Strength was measured at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 degrees of trunk flexion. The functional independent degree was assessed by Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Mean isometric trunk extension strength was 91.2 ft-lbs, 120.7 ft-lbs, 142.3 ft-lbs, 156.4 ft-lbs, 173.5 ft-lbs, 184.1 ft-lbs, and 195.3 ft-lbs in the hemiplegic patients group, and 135.6 ft-lbs, 175.6 ft-lbs, 204.4 ft-lbs, 221.9 ft-lbs, 231.2 ft-lbs, 246.8 ft-lbs, and 259.7 ft-lbs in the normal subjects group. The values of isometric trunk extension strength had a descending linear correlation pattern from trunk flexion angle to extension angle. Trunk extension strength in hemiplegic patients was significantly lower than that of normal subjects (p.05). Therefore, the isometric trunk extension strength in hemiplegic patients was lower than that of normal subjects and did not correlate with the functional independent degree.
Recent Trends in the Selection of Metal-Organic Precursors for MOCVD Process (1995)

The tremendous expansion of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition process (MOCVD) is accounted for its ability to deposit at low temperature a wide variety of thin film materials keeping advantages of the conventional CVD process. The design and the selection of suitably tailored metal-organic precursors is a fundamental key to develop successfully an MOCVD process. The criteria of selection of metal-organic precursors are critically reviewed and the problem of the carbon incorporation in the films is discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of employing single source metal-organic precursors instead of separate precursors for MOCVD of multi-components materials is discussed using results on the deposition of chromium nitride and [MATH]-CoGa.
Construction and comparison of periodic digital sequence sets (1997)

Periodic digital sequences have been used in a wide range of communications applications. The paper aims to provide a concise, practical and up-to-date comparison of the properties of binary and non-binary sequences. The emphasis of the paper is on the constructions and parameter comparisons for various periodic sequence types to allow simple design and selection for a variety of engineering applications.
Boosting antitumor responses of T lymphocytes infiltrating human prostate cancers (2005)

Immunotherapy may provide valid alternative therapy for patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. However, if the tumor environment exerts a suppressive action on antigen-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), immunotherapy will achieve little, if any, success. In this study, we analyzed the modulation of TIL responses by the tumor environment using collagen gel matrix-supported organ cultures of human prostate carcinomas. Our results indicate that human prostatic adenocarcinomas are infiltrated by terminally differentiated cytotoxic T lymphocytes that are, however, in an unresponsive status. We demonstrate the presence of high levels of nitrotyrosines in prostatic TIL, suggesting a local production of peroxynitrites. By inhibiting the activity of arginase and nitric oxide synthase, key enzymes of L-arginine metabolism that are highly expressed in malignant but not in normal prostates, reduced tyrosine nitration and restoration of TIL responsiveness to tumor were achieved. The metabolic control exerted by the tumor on TIL function was confirmed in a transgenic mouse prostate model, which exhibits similarities with human prostate cancer. These results identify a novel and dominant mechanism by which cancers induce immunosuppression in situ and suggest novel strategies for tumor immunotherapy.
Establishment of <i>Azotobacter</i> on plant roots: chemotactic response, development and analysis of root exudates of cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum </i> L.) and wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum </i> L.) (2007)

Biofertilizers contribute in N(2) fixation, P solubilization, phytohormone production and thus enhance plant growth. Beneficial plant-microbe interactions and the stability and effectiveness of biofertilizer depend upon the establishment of bacterial strains in the rhizosphere of the plant. This interaction depends upon many factors, one of them being plant exudates. Root exudates are composed of small organic molecules like carbonic acids, amino acids or sugars etc., which are released into the soil and bacteria can be attracted towards these exudates due to chemotaxis. The chemotactic behaviour of Azotobacter strains was studied using cotton (Desi HD 123 and American H 1098) and wheat (WH 711) seedlings and the root exudates of these two plants were chemically characterized. Analysis of the root exudates revealed the presence of sugars and simple polysaccharides (glucose), amino acids (glutamate, lysine) and organic acids (citric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid). Differences between cotton cultivars in root exudates were observed which influenced chemotactic response in Azotobacter. These results indicate colonization with rhizobacteria which implies that optimal symbionts, on the sides of both plant cultivar and bioinoculant bacteria can lead to better plant growth under cultivation conditions.
Software support for clock synchronization over IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN with open source drivers (2010)

Between the wired and the wireless world a synchronization gap in terms of accuracy obviously exists due to the different possibilities of the technologies. This paper investigates means to access WLAN functionality in order to gain system-wide synchronization between access points and clients in order to establish a common notion of time in IEEE 802.11 systems. For this, a novel approach is presented, which uses beacons to transparently transport timing information even in high-loaded wireless LAN networks. Using the presented approach jitter accuracies in the microsecond range can be reached using the open Unix WLAN driver interfaces like madwifi or ath5k.
Generalized "Yoking-Proofs" for a Group of RFID Tags (2006)

Recently Ari Juels suggested a "yoking-proof" where a pair of radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags are both read within a specified time bound, and left open for future research the problem of generating a proof for larger groups of tags. We generalize his protocol by developing a proof which ensures that a group of tags is read within a certain time period. The tags generate such a proof even if the reader is untrusted. The proof is improbable to forge, and is verifiable off-line by a trusted verifier. Juels' problem formulation does not lake privacy into account and the resulting protocol offers no privacy to the tags. We modify the problem statement to require the "yoking-proof" to maintain privacy, and we give a protocol for this new anonymous yoking problem, along with suggestions for speed ups
Cytokine Milieu of Atopic Dermatitis, as Compared to Psoriasis, Skin Prevents Induction of Innate Immune Response Genes (2003)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are the two most common chronic skin diseases. However patients with AD, but not psoriasis, suffer from frequent skin infections. To understand the molecular basis for this phenomenon, skin biopsies from AD and psoriasis patients were analyzed using GeneChip microarrays. The expression of innate immune response genes, human beta defensin (HBD)-2, IL-8, and inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) was found to be decreased in AD, as compared with psoriasis, skin (HBD-2, p = 0.00021; IL-8, p = 0.044; iNOS, p = 0.016). Decreased expression of the novel antimicrobial peptide, HBD-3, was demonstrated at the mRNA level by real-time PCR (p = 0.0002) and at the protein level by immunohistochemistry (p = 0.0005). By real-time PCR, our data confirmed that AD, as compared with psoriasis, is associated with elevated skin production of Th2 cytokines and low levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-1beta. Because HBD-2, IL-8, and iNOS are known to be inhibited by Th2 cytokines, we examined the effects of IL-4 and IL-13 on HBD-3 expression in keratinocyte culture in vitro. We found that IL-13 and IL-4 inhibited TNF-alpha- and IFN-gamma-induced HBD-3 production. These studies indicate that decreased expression of a constellation of antimicrobial genes occurs as the result of local up-regulation of Th2 cytokines and the lack of elevated amounts of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma under inflammatory conditions in AD skin. These observations could explain the increased susceptibility of AD skin to microorganisms, and suggest a new fundamental rule that may explain the mechanism for frequent infection in other Th2 cytokine-mediated diseases.
Chemotoxicity of indium-111 oxine in mammalian cells. (1985)

We have studied the uptake and toxicity of [111In]oxine in Chinese hamster V79 lung fibroblasts. The incorporation of the radionuclide into these cells reached a plateau within 2 hr. Uptake was proportional to the extracellular radioactive concentration. Both radioactive and "decayed" [111In]oxine exhibited similar toxicities, indicating that the observed toxicity was chemical in nature. These results are discussed in terms of the present status of this radiolabeling agent.
Synthesis of Highly Stable 1,3-Diaryl-1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidenes and Their Applications in Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis (2011)

The formal cycloaddition between 1,3-diaza-2-azoniaallene salts and alkynes or alkyne equivalents provides an efficient synthesis of 1,3-diaryl-1H-1,2,3-triazolium salts, the direct precursors of 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidenes. These N,N-diarylated mesoionic carbenes (MICs) exhibit enhanced stability in comparison to their alkylated counterparts. Experimental and computational results confirm that these MICs act as strongly electron-donating ligands. Their increased stability allows for the preparation of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts that are efficient in both ring-opening and ring-closing reactions.