gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HybridPACK2 - advanced cooling concept and package technology for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2008)

Hybrid electric vehicle technology demands for power modules which are highly reliable, compact, economical and rugged enough to withstand mechanical, electrical and thermal shocks. Increasing the power density of the latest power module is the top most trend in power semiconductor development; similar trend is seen in the hybrid electric vehicle technology more due to the space and weight constraints. Both space and weight are precious in hybrid electric vehicle technology hence power semiconductor manufacturers are finding out ways to make compact and lighter power modules. Even the better modes of cooling systems, higher junction temperature, reduction of losses, size and weight are the main areas focused by the power semiconductor manufactures which in turn lead to optimized design solution for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). In this paper, the concept of direct cooled power module against the conventional power module, their reliability aspects and their benefits in the hybrid electrical vehicles are discussed. Infineonpsilas latest IGBT power module package the HybridPACK2 for the hybrid electric vehicle application is also briefly discussed in this paper.
Connecting processing-capable quantum memories over telecommunication links via quantum frequency conversion (2012)

For quantum information processing (QIP), it is important to have a long-lived quantum memory (QM), coupled to other QMs and quantum processors (QP). However, QM and QP systems demonstrated so far suffer from many limitations, and in the near future a single platform will not have the optimal version of all the components needed for QIP. Thus, it is also important to be able to couple quantum bits in different systems, for example, Rb atoms and NV diamond, preferably using telecom fibres. In this paper, we describe a quantum frequency converter (QFC) that will perform this telecom band qubit conversion. The QFC is based on periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides. For concreteness, we consider specific examples: the conversion of a 780 nm or 795 nm Rb qubit to the telecom band and the conversion of a 637 nm photonic NV diamond qubit to the telecom band, as well as the inverse processes. We show that interface fidelity exceeding 95% should be feasible. Given the storage times ∼1 s already demonstrated in the solid-state systems, and the recent demonstrations of spin-photon entanglement with the NV and entanglement of the NV spin with a superconducting flux qubit operating in the microwave region near 2.88 GHz, such a link would provide the key interface needed to build a quantum internet.
Surgical Causes of Failure in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (1999)

Review of surgical causes of failure in endoscopic sinus surgery patients revealed that residual air cells and stenotic maxillary or frontal sinus ostium were the most common causes of failures.
Drilling Fluids: Making Peace With the Environment (1992)

ABSTRACT Environmental problems, although nettfesome and often costly, have served to stimulate new developments in drilling fluid technologies. Minimizing environmental impact involves reducing levels of toxic components in drilling fluids, as well as waste minimization and recycling. Significant progress is being made. This paper assesses the current state of technology and the likely directions for the future. The constructive role of regulatory agencies in recognizing, fostering, and encouraging the use of emerging technologies, as opposed to blanket prohibitions, also is discussed. Mud companies have identified replacements for diesel and mineral oils in lubricants and spotting fluids that combine performance and environmental acceptability. Non-chloride potassium sources have replaced KCI in many water-based muds. New cationic polymer muds are being touted as replacements for oil-based muds in many situations, and preliminary field results are encouraging. The trend to polymer muds, in general, has reduced consumption of traditional lignosulfonate additives and other organo-metallic complexes. Weighting agents also have been affected. Barite ore sources are scrutinized carefully for their trace heavy metal content with particular attention to cadmium and mercury impurities. Muds based on synthetically made, low-toxicity, biodegradable, organic liquids are now available. These synthetic-based muds offer "designed-in" performance and environmental characteristics. Processing of drilling fluid waste is a rapidly growing industry. Technologies commercially available include dewatering, landfarming, cuttings injection, fixation, and distillation. Bioremediation and solvent extraction have promise for the future. All of the above affect the economics as well as the environmental acceptability of drilling operations. Tradeoffs between environmentally desired features, e.g., lower toxicity but larger waste volumes, also are addressed.
Potential value of collagen shields as a subconjunctival depot release system (1990)

Collagen shields are fabricated from dissoluable porcine scleral tissue and have been used as an ocular drug delivery system. The aim of the present study was to determine the time and extent of shield absorption when implanted subconjunctivally, and the absorption and release of 5-fluorouracil in vitro. Thirty New Zealand white rabbit eyes were employed. BioCor 72 hour collagen shields were surgically implanted in the subconjunctival space. Rabbits were sacrificed at 7, 14 and 21 days after shield implantation, and the remaining shields removed. Remaining shields were measured by both dry weight and protein assay. The absorption and release of 5-FU from collagen shields was determined in vitro using tritiated 5-FU. The collagen shields were not fully absorbed for at least 14 days in the subconjunctival space. In vitro, 5-FU absorbed by the shields reached saturation levels at approximately 15 minutes. Nearly 100% of the 5-FU was released within 15 minutes. Although the time for subconjunctival shield absorption may be useful for antifibroblast drugs, the rate of 5-FU release from these shields is not optimal for enhancing bleb formation when shields are soaked in solutions of 5-FU.
Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds of Nitrogen. L (1951)

The known method of synthesizing 4-hydroxybenzothiazole from formyl-o-anisidine was reexamined, with careful observation on the reaction conditions and the yield of products at every stage. 1-Chloro-isobenzo-1, 2, 3-dithiazoles were prepared by the application of sulfur chloride on o-(or p-) anisidine. These were led to o-aminophenols and then to benzothiazoles. 2-Di-alkylamino (alkylmercapto)-6-aminobenzothiazoles were also synthesized.
Advanced Workflows For Joint Modelling Of Sedimentary Facies And Diagenetic Overprint, Impact On Reservoir Quality (2011)

Abstract The relationships between sedimentological facies and diagenetic properties differ depending on burial and geological history. In this paper we propose several examples where different quantitative expressions of diagenetic imprints lead to different workflows to be applied, to obtain final simulations reproducing both the sedimentary facies and the diagenetic trends in reservoir models. A first case is based on an outcrop study of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate facies. The relationships between sedimentary facies and diagenesis have been used to define truncation rules for the plurigaussian algorithm, which aims at simulating both the distribution of sedimentary facies and the diagenetic overprint. Another workflow has been developed on this example, using the bi-plurigaussian simulation algorithm to address the problem of heterotopic bivariate conditional simulation (the two variables are known at different locations). A second example is related to early diagenesis characterization. In this example (Madison Formation, Wyoming, USA), diagenetic imprints have been quantified, corresponding to a succession of diagenetic phases (micritization, calcite cementation, dolomitization...), that can coexist in the same sedimentary facies. The workflow using plurigaussian and nested simulation algorithms shows the impact of such joint simulations, as the diagenesis may completely modify the distribution of reservoir properties only based on a facies simulation. In a third example, the modeled Aptian/Albian formation includes hydrothermal dolomites (HDT) associated to fractures and faults hosted in reefal and slope limestones. Simulations succeed in redistributing the HTD correctly at the surface and in the subsurface. Hence, in the deeper parts of the Aptian/Albian reefal rock unit, the dolomite is inherently associated to fractures, while at shallower levels, dolomitization seems to be more lateral, affecting probably more permeable facies. These results provide insights and numerical means for estimating volumes of dolomites (vertically and laterally) in an excellent case study of fracture-related HTD. Diagenesis alters the original relationships between depositional facies and petrophysical properties in a reservoir. The quantitative integration of sedimentological facies and diagenetic properties is a key point to obtain a realistic geological model in reservoir studies.
Amination of olefinic compounds with bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) azodicarboxylate (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmination of olefinic compounds with bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) azodicarboxylateYves Leblanc, Robert Zamboni, and Michael A. BernsteinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 5, 1971–1972Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00005a063RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views490Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (308 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
O,O'-Dialkyl Phosphorodithioic Acids as Extractants for Metals. (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT O,O'-Dialkyl Phosphorodithioic Acids as Extractants for Metals.T. H. Handley and J. A. DeanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1962, 34, 10, 1312–1315Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60190a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60190a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Accurate client-server based speech recognition keeping personal data on the client (2014)

In this paper, a novel technique is proposed that recognizes speech on a server but all private knowledge is processed on the client. Private knowledge could be address book entries, calendar entries or medical patient data. The technique combines the advantage of a powerful server with almost unlimited memory and the advantage using locally available user dependent knowledge. A dynamic language model is used to recognize speech with the help of content dependent acoustic fillers on a server. The result is then recognized including user dependent knowledge on a client, e.g., a smart phone. We achieved a word error rate reduction of 17% on the Wall Street Journal Corpus.
Efficacy of Various Fungal and Bacterial Biocontrol Organisms for Control of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato (1998)

Numerous fungi and bacteria, including existing biocontrol strains with known activity against soilborne fungal pathogens as well as isolates collected from the roots and rhizosphere of tomato plants growing in the field, were tested for their efficacy in controlling Fusarium wilt of tomato. Tomato seedlings were treated with the potential biocontrol agents in the greenhouse and transplanted into pathogen-infested field soil. Organisms tested included nonpathogenic strains of Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium virens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia cepacia, and others. Specific nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani collected from a Fusarium wilt-suppressive soil were the most effective antagonists, providing significant and consistent disease control (50 to 80% reduction of disease incidence) in several repeated tests. These isolates also were equally effective in controlling Fusarium wilt diseases of other crops, including watermelon and muskmelon. Other organisms, including isolates of G. virens, T. hamatum, P. fluorescens, and B. cepacia, also significantly reduced Fusarium wilt compared to disease controls (30 to 65% reduction), but were not as consistently effective as the nonpathogenic Fusarium isolates. Commercially available biocontrol products containing G. virens and T. harzianum (SoilGard and RootShield, respectively) also effectively reduced disease (62 to 68% reduction) when granules were incorporated into potting medium at 0.2% (wt/vol). Several fungal and bacterial isolates collected from the roots and rhizosphere of tomato plants also significantly reduced Fusarium wilt of tomato, but were no more effective than other previously identified biocontrol strains. Combinations of antagonists, including multiple Fusarium isolates, Fusarium with bacteria, and Fusarium with other fungi, also reduced disease, but did not provide significantly better control than the nonpathogenic Fusarium antagonists alone.
Reconstruction of sequences over non-identical channels (2017)

Motivated by the error behavior in DNA storage channels, in this work we extend the previously studied sequence reconstruction problem by Levenshtein. The reconstruction problem studies the model in which the information is read through multiple noisy channels, and the decoder, which receives all channel estimations, is required to decode the information. For the combinatorial setup, the assumption is that all the channels cause at most some t errors. However, since the channels do not necessarily have the same behavior, we generalize this model and assume that the channels are not identical and thus may cause a different maximum number of errors. For example, we assume that there are N channels that cause at most t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> or t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> errors, where t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> <; t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and the number of channels with at most t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> errors is at least [pN], for some fixed 0 <; p <; 1. If the information codeword belongs to a code with minimum distance d, the problem is then to find the minimum number of channels that guarantees successful decoding in the worst case.
Experimental study of the short-circuit performance for a 600V normally-off p-gate GaN HEMT (2017)

In this paper, the short-circuit robustness of a normally-off GaN HEMT is investigated in relation to applied bias conditions and pulse duration. The results align with previous studies on normally-on devices in highlighting an electrical type of failure. Here, however, the relevance of the specific gate-drive circuit design and corresponding device operational conditions is demonstrated. A gate-bias dependence (GBD) of the failure, correlated to the applied drain-source voltage, is introduced as a novel specific feature for the p-Gate type device.
Ultrashort filaments of light in weakly ionized, optically transparent media (2007)

Modern laser sources nowadays deliver ultrashort light pulses reaching few cycles in duration, high energies beyond the Joule level and peak powers exceeding several terawatt (TW). When such pulses propagate through optically-transparent media, they first self-focus in space and grow in intensity, until they generate a tenuous plasma by photo-ionization. For free electron densities and beam intensities below their breakdown limits, these pulses evolve as self-guided objects, resulting from successive equilibria between the Kerr focusing process, the chromatic dispersion of the medium, and the defocusing action of the electron plasma. Discovered one decade ago, this self-channeling mechanism reveals a new physics, widely extending the frontiers of nonlinear optics. Implications include long-distance propagation of TW beams in the atmosphere, supercontinuum emission, pulse shortening as well as high-order harmonic generation. This review presents the landmarks of the 10-odd-year progress in this field. Particular emphasis is laid to the theoretical modeling of the propagation equations, whose physical ingredients are discussed from numerical simulations. Differences between femtosecond pulses propagating in gaseous or condensed materials are underlined. Attention is also paid to the multifilamentation instability of broad, powerful beams, breaking up the energy distribution into small-scale cells along the optical path. The robustness of the resulting filaments in adverse weathers, their large conical emission exploited for multipollutant remote sensing, nonlinear spectroscopy, and the possibility to guide electric discharges in air are finally addressed on the basis of experimental results.
Studies on stacking faults and crystalline defects in fabrication silicon wafer substrate (2002)

Silicon crystalline defects in production silicon wafers affect the yield. In this paper, the 155 Wright etch was used to identify the root causes of silicon crystalline defects. A few low yield cases are studied and the different types of crystalline defects and their possible root causes and preventative measures taken are discussed.
COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO PREPARATIONS OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN IN TREATMENT OF NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINAEMIA (1982)

Thirty-six newborn infants with normal birth weights and with uncomplicated hyperbilirubinaemia, treated with light, were studied. At onset of phototherapy the infants received intravenously 1 g human serum albumin (HSA) per kg body weight as a 9% solution. Two different preparations of HAS were used and compared. One of these, HSAI, contained sodium caprylate and N-acetyltryptophan, 5 mmol/l of each, as stabilizers. HSAII contained only caprylate, 5 mmol/l. Nineteen infants received HSAI and seventeen infants HSAII. The reserve albumin for binding of bilirubin, measured by the [14C] MADDS method, was low in both preparations in vitro. During the infusion, the serum concentrations of albumin and reserve albumin increased and the serum unconjugated bilirubin concentration decreased, resulting in a fall in the index of plasma bilirubin toxicity in all infants. After completion of the infusion, the serum concentrations of albumin and reserve albumin declined, and a slight rise in index occurred. The increase in the serum reserve albumin concentration was markedly higher during infusion of HSAII than of HSAI. It is concluded that infusion of both HSA preparations during phototherapy provides an immediate protection against bilirubin encephalopathy. HSAI is inferior to HSAII, probably due to its content of N-acetyltryptophan.
Predicting Mode of Transport from iPhone Accelerometer Data (2012)

In our project, we present a method for offline classification of transportation modes from an iPhone accelerometer. Our research may be useful for accurately predicting travel times, where automatically detecting transport mode can be used as an input into a particle filter, or for automatically classifying and logging physical activity over the course
ISOLATION AND MONOLAYER CULTURE OF HUMAN FALLOPIAN TUBE (1991)

SUMMARY In the present study we have established a pure monolayer culture system of human fallopian tube epithelial cells. The cells were isolated using collagenase digestion, and were cultured in Medium 199 supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum. The epithelial cells derived from primary and secondary culture were characterized using immunocytochemical staining and electron microscopy. The cells continued to grow for 2 to 3 wk once the monolayer culture of the cells was established. It is currently possible to maintain the cultures until the third generation. Proliferation of these cells was enhanced by epidermal growth factor but not by basic-fibroblast growth factor, insulin, transferrin, estradiol-17f3, or progesterone. This culture system offers a good model for determining characteristics of the tubal epithelium and would permit effective study of co-culture with embryos.
Synthesis of 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-D-galacto- and -L-glycero-D-talo-nonulosonic acids, putative components of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (2000)

The title acids were synthesised by condensation of 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-L-gulose with oxalacetic acid and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Study of Magnetic Entropy Changes in Gd1-x Tx ( T = Ti, Cr, Fe and Cu) Alloys (2004)

Magnetic refrigeration techniques based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) were demonstrated as a promising alternative to conventional vapour-cycle refrigeration.Recently, scientists focused their research on room temperature magnetic refrigeration.The rare earth Gd metal is regarded as a prototype for room temperature magnetic refrigerant.Considering the various requirements in application, it is necessary to search for the magnetic refrigerant possessing qualities as good as Gd but having different Tc above or below room temperature.In this article, we report the magnetic entropy changes in Gd1 -xTx(T = Ti, Cr, Fe and Cu) alloys.With a small quantity of T atoms introduced in Gd, the Curie temperature increases.The values of magnetic entropy change in these alloys are almost the same as or a little less than that of Gd.But the refrigerant capacities of these alloys are obviously larger than that of Gd.All these facts suggest that Gd1-xTx(T = Ti, Cr, Fe and Cu) alloys may be good refrigerants for room temperature magnetic refrigeration.