gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Hand-Held Indentation System for the Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues <i>In Vivo</i> (2009)

Quantitative assessment of the mechanical properties of soft tissues <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">vivo</i> is required in both clinical and research fields. This paper introduces a hand-held indentation system that employed an electromagnetic spatial sensor as a displacement transducer. The system was pen-sized, portable, and easy to control. The accuracy and reliability of the system were investigated. The effect of indentation rate on the variation of the values of the measured effective Young's modulus was also studied. A series of elastomers with different Young's modulus (which ranged from 13.08 to 36.19 kPa) were assessed with both the hand-held indentation system and a Hounsfield material testing machine. Intraindividual and interindividual variations of the system were tested by five independent operators. The hand-held indentation system was applied to quantitatively assess the effective Young's modulus of human body parts <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">vivo</i> . Twenty healthy female subjects aged 21.1 plusmn 1.8 years old were included for the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">vivo</i> test. The system was shown to be highly accurate ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 0.99) compared with the results obtained by the mechanical testing machine and had good reliability (intraindividual variation = 5.43%, and interindividual variation = 5.99%). The average effective Young's moduli of the region of umbilicus were 11.31 and 12.65 kPa for two different sites, respectively. It is believed that this hand-held indentations system was an accurate reliable tool for rapidly assessing the mechanical properties of human body tissues <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">vivo</i> .
Inter-Sentence Segmentation of YouTube Subtitles Using Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) (2019)

Recently, with the development of Speech to Text, which converts voice to text, and machine translation, technologies for simultaneously translating the captions of video into other languages have been developed. Using this, YouTube, a video-sharing site, provides captions in many languages. Currently, the automatic caption system extracts voice data when uploading a video and provides a subtitle file converted into text. This method creates subtitles suitable for the running time. However, when extracting subtitles from video using Speech to Text, it is impossible to accurately translate the sentence because all sentences are generated without periods. Since the generated subtitles are separated by time units rather than sentence units, and are translated, it is very difficult to understand the translation result as a whole. In this paper, we propose a method to divide text into sentences and generate period marks to improve the accuracy of automatic translation of English subtitles. For this study, we use the 27,826 sentence subtitles provided by Stanford University’s courses as data. Since this lecture video provides complete sentence caption data, it can be used as training data by transforming the subtitles into general YouTube-like caption data. We build a model with the training data using the LSTM-RNN (Long-Short Term Memory – Recurrent Neural Networks) and predict the position of the period mark, resulting in prediction accuracy of 70.84%. Our research will provide people with more accurate translations of subtitles. In addition, we expect that language barriers in online education will be more easily broken by achieving more accurate translations of numerous video lectures in English.
Tolerance of Several Perennial Grasses to Imazapic<sup>1</sup> (2004)

Although some herbicides are available for control of broadleaf weeds on rangeland, currently no herbicides are registered for selective control of weedy annual grasses in perennial forage grasses. Field experiments were conducted to determine the tolerance of several perennial forage grass species to preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) applications of imazapic, a herbicide that controls certain weedy annual grasses. In PRE studies, perennial forage grasses were seeded 1 d after spraying with several rates of imazapic. The grass species by herbicide rate by location and the grass species by herbicide rate interactions were not significant for plant height and biomass 395 d after treatment (DAT). Expressed as a percentage of the untreated control, imazapic applied at 18 to 140 g/ha reduced height of all grass species 10 to 18%, whereas 280 g/ha of imazapic reduced height 39%. Imazapic applied at 18 to 70 g/ha reduced biomass 12 to 26%. Biomass was reduced 51 and 63% when imazapic was applied at 140 and 280 g/ha, respectively. Thus, rates of imazapic required to control downy brome likely will excessively injure perennial forage grass seeded 1 DAT. In POST studies, imazapic was applied to 1-yr-old stands of perennial forage grass. A dose– response model provided a good fit for grass species biomass and height data. In year 1, biomass and height of orchardgrass, smooth brome, and meadow brome were reduced 14 to 29% more than those of bluebunch, crested, intermediate, and western wheatgrass as imazapic rate increased, which implies that the wheatgrasses were more tolerant to imazapic. However, in year 2, slope of regression lines did not differ among grass species, implying that all forage grass species responded the same to increasing rates of imazapic. Plant height of all grass species decreased 25 to 56% when compared with the untreated control, and biomass decreased 28 to 59% as imazapic rate increased from 18 to 280 g/ha. As discussed previously, rates of spring-applied imazapic required for downy brome control severely injured perennial forage grasses whether applied PRE or POST. The level of tolerance of perennial forage grasses to imazapic depended on herbicide dose and perhaps environmental differences between years.Nomenclature: Imazapic; bluebunch wheatgrass, Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith. #3 AGRSP; crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. # AGRCR; downy brome, Bromus tectorum L. # BROTE; intermediate wheatgrass, Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv. # AGRIN; meadow brome, Bromus erectus Huds. # BROER; orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L. # DACGL; smooth brome, Bromus inermis Leyss. # BROIN; western wheatgrass, Pascopyrum smithii Rydb. # PASSM.Additional index words: Biomass, picloram, plant density, tolerance.Abbreviations: DAT, days after treatment; OM, organic matter; POST, postemergence; PP, preplant; PRE, preemergence.
The impact of social navigation on privacy policy configuration (2010)

Social navigation is a promising approach to help users make better privacy and security decisions using community knowledge and expertise. Social navigation has recently been applied to several privacy and security systems such as peer-to-peer file sharing, cookie management, and firewalls. However, little empirical evaluation of social navigation cues has been performed in security or privacy systems to understand the real impact such knowledge has on user behavior and the resulting policies. In this paper, we explore the application of social navigation to access control policy configuration using an empirical between subjects study. Our results indicate that community information does impact user behavior, but only when the visual representation of the cue is sufficiently strong.
A review of ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of materials (1998)

The use of ultrashort pulsed lasers in materials processing is an emerging technology. These lasers have the capability to ablate materials precisely with little or no collateral damage, even with materials that are impervious to laser energy from conventional pulsed lasers. The extreme intensities and short timescale at which ultrashort pulsed lasers operate differentiate them from other lasers. The means of ultrashort pulsed laser generation is discussed; included are a survey of pulse compressor techniques with solid state lasers and a brief discussion of excimer-dye lasers. This is followed by a discussion of specific examples of ultrashort pulsed machining of specific materials, along with mechanistic details. Optical breakdown mechanisms, including electron avalanche ionization and multiphoton absorption are discussed. It is shown that as pulse width increases and intensity decreases, laser damage becomes a stochastic process in which the ultrashort pulsed, high intensity light causes optical breakdown over a very narrow range. This, along with the lack of significant thermal conduction, greatly improves the precision of ultrashort pulsed lasers in micromachining applications.
Dementia (2001)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Fabrication of Aluminum Superhydrophobic Surface with Facile Chemical Etching Method (2014)

Superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted much interest for its potential applications. In this study, the superhydrophobic aluminum surfaces were fabricated by method of chemical etching. Aluminum surfaces were firstly chemically etched by hydrochloric acid, and modified with stearic acid. The relationship between the etching time and the surface hydrophobicity was investigated. The contact angle and the sliding angle were tested, the results showed that with increasing etching time, the contact angle experienced a rise and then decrease, while the sliding angle dropped first and then started to climb. A maximum value of 152 degrees for the contact angle and a minimum value of 3 degrees for the sliding angle were obtained with etching time of 1 minute. The results indicated an ideal superhydrophobic property of the aluminum surfaces.
Synthesis of Fluorescent 1,3-Diarylated Imidazo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyridines: Oxidative Condensation−Cyclization of Aryl-2-Pyridylmethylamines and Aldehydes with Elemental Sulfur as an Oxidant (2009)

Oxidative condensation-cyclization of aldehydes and aryl-2-pyridylmethylamines proceeded in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of elemental sulfur as an oxidant in the absence of catalyst. The reaction gave a variety of 1,3-diarylated imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines in good to high yields. The products showed fluorescence emission in a wavelength range of 454-524 nm. The quantum yields of 1,3-diarylated imidazopyridines were greatly improved compared to those of the parent 3-monosubstituted compounds.
Review of Talal Asad, Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. (2004)

Talal Asad, Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003. 269 pp. ISBN 0804747679.
Power penalties due to multiple Rayleigh backscattering in coherent transmission systems using in-line optical amplifiers (1990)

The power penalties due to double Rayleigh backscattering are calculated for coherent lightwave systems with optical in-line amplifiers. It is shown that coherent systems are less sensitive to Rayleigh noise than high-speed direct-detection systems. For PSK heterodyne systems, the maximum gain of in-line amplifiers that can be achieved without optical isolation is limited to about 25 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cytoplasmic <i>CUL9/PARC</i> Ubiquitin Ligase Is a Tumor Suppressor and Promotes p53-Dependent Apoptosis (2011)

A wide range of cell stresses, including DNA damage, signal to p53 through posttranslational modification of p53. The cytoplasmic functions of p53 are emerging as an important constituent of role of p53 in tumor suppression. Here, we report that deletion of the Cul9 (formerly Parc) gene, which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase that binds to p53 and localizes in the cytoplasm, resulted in spontaneous tumor development, accelerated Eμ-Myc-induced lymphomagenesis, and rendered mice susceptible to carcinogenesis. Cul9-p53 double-mutant mice exhibited indistinguishable tumor phenotypes as p53 single-mutant mice, indicating that the function of Cul9 in tumor suppression is largely mediated by p53. Deletion of Cul9 had no significant effect on cell-cycle progression, but attenuated DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Ectopic expression of wild-type CUL9, but not a point mutant CUL9 deficient in p53 binding, promotes apoptosis. These results show CUL9 as a potential p53-activating E3 ligase in the cytoplasm.
Flush mounted rectangular cavity slot antennas--Theory and design (1967)

The loaded rectangular cavity slot antenna is analyzed using variational methods in conjunction with simplified equivalent circuit techniques to derive accurate design guides for efficiency, bandwidth, and resonant frequency. The aperture admittance is computed and the effects of a compound aperture plane iris and of material loading are analyzed. The aperture admittance of all such loaded cavity antennas is proportional to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mu_{r}</tex> , <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sqrt{\mu_{r}/\epsilon_{r}}</tex> , or <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/\epsilon_{r}</tex> , which characteristic lends to a common method of optimization of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">|T|^{2}</tex> (transmission cofficient). Experimental results include: 1) measurements of aperture field; 2) a comparison of theoretical and experimental value of bandwidth, efficiency, resonant frequency, and beam pattern for several experimental models; and 3) the measurement of the effect of applied dc magnetic field.
Orientation and Temperature Effects on the Electrical Resistivity of High-Purity Magnesium (1955)

The effect of crystal orientation on the electrical resistivity of high-purity magnesium at 24°C may be represented by the equation: ρ(φ)=4.60−0.75cos2φ, (in microhms/cm3),where θ is the angle between the hexagonal axis and the direction of current flow. The effect of temperature on the electrical resistivity for varying orientations shows temperature coefficients of 0.00390 and 0.00408/°C obtained perpendicular and parallel to the hexagonal axis, respectively, for the temperature range of 24° to 200°C. Magnesium shows rotational symmetry about the hexagonal axis with respect to electrical resistivity. Grain size has little or no effect on the electrical resistivity of magnesium.
A hybrid analog and digital VLSI neural network for intracardiac morphology classification (1995)

Current Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICD's) use timing based decision trees for cardiac arrhythmia classification. Timing alone does not distinguish all rhythms for all patients. Hence, more computationally intensive morphology analysis is required for complete diagnosis. An analog VLSI neural network has been designed and tested to perform cardiac morphology classification tasks. Analog techniques were chosen to meet the strict power and area requirements of the implantable system while incurring the design difficulties of noise, drift and offsets inherent in analog approaches. The robustness of the neural network architecture however, to a large extent, overcomes these inherent shortcomings of the analog approach. The network is a 10:6:3 multilayer perceptron with on chip digital weight storage. The chip also includes a bucket brigade input to feed the Intracardiac Electrogram (ICEG) to the network and a Winner Take All circuit for converting classifications to a binary representation. The training system trained the network in loop and included a commercial implantable defibrillator in the signal processing path. The system has successfully distinguished two arrhythmia classes on a morphological basis for seven different patients with an average of 95% true positive and 97% true negative detections for the dangerous rhythm. The chip was implemented in 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS and consumes less than 200 nW maximum average power from a 3 V supply in an area of 2.2/spl times/2.2 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Robust Dictionary Learning by Error Source Decomposition (2013)

Sparsity models have recently shown great promise in many vision tasks. Using a learned dictionary in sparsity models can in general outperform predefined bases in clean data. In practice, both training and testing data may be corrupted and contain noises and outliers. Although recent studies attempted to cope with corrupted data and achieved encouraging results in testing phase, how to handle corruption in training phase still remains a very difficult problem. In contrast to most existing methods that learn the dictionary from clean data, this paper is targeted at handling corruptions and outliers in training data for dictionary learning. We propose a general method to decompose the reconstructive residual into two components: a non-sparse component for small universal noises and a sparse component for large outliers, respectively. In addition, further analysis reveals the connection between our approach and the ``partial'' dictionary learning approach, updating only part of the prototypes (or informative code words) with remaining (or noisy code words) fixed. Experiments on synthetic data as well as real applications have shown satisfactory performance of this new robust dictionary learning approach.
Breve histórico das recepções de 'O capital' no Brasil (1867-1917) (2018)

As ideias de Karl Marx chegaram ao Brasil tardiamente, deparando-se com grande dificuldade para encontrar espaço entre os intelectuais brasileiros e no movimento operário que, pelo menos até a Revolução Russa de 1917, utilizava-se de outras tradições econômicas e filosóficas. Sendo assim, a principal obra do autor alemão, O capital, publicada em 1867, levou décadas para ser recebida pelos brasileiros e, enfim, revolucionar o pensamento crítico e a compreensão da realidade brasileira. O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar, brevemente, as principais recepções de O capital no Brasil desde a provável primeira leitura até a Revolução Russa, quando a obra de Karl Marx atingiu mais amplamente os socialistas do mundo todo.
The Effects of Ruthenium and Grain Size on Spin Valves With Ultra Thin Antiferromagnetic Pinning Layers (2007)

Improvements in exchange-biased spin valves have come from control of the grain size and the addition of a ruthenium layer. In this work the GMR ratio, the exchange field and blocking temperature for three sets of spin valves with varying IrMn thickness were measured. Two sets of samples with grain sizes of 10 nm, and one with a grain size of 30 nm were studied. One of the 10 nm grain size sets has a Ru layer separating the antiferromagnet from the Ta capping layer. The GMR ratio at 5 K depends on the grain size, but shows no dependence on the presence of the Ru layer, with larger grain samples having a higher GMR ratio. The exchange fields at 5 K are independent of grain size. However, the samples with the Ru layer show a higher exchange field at 5 K than those without. The blocking temperature for the small grain sets with and without Ru correlate very well with the exchange field. Ta in contact with the IrMn causes a magnetically "dead" region
Current Understanding of the Mechanisms of Stress Corrosion and Corrosion Fatigue (1984)

Failure of components operating in various environments due to cracking remains a safety and economic problem despite the effort that has been devoted to understanding the phenomena of stress corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, and corrosion fatigue. This article reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms of stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue in ductile alloy/aqueous environment systems, with emphasis placed on the application of this mechanistic knowledge to the formulation of remedial actions, design criteria, and relevant testing techniques. It is concluded that many of the recent arguments associated with, for example, the applicability of the slip-dissolution or hydrogen-embrittlement mechanisms of crack advancement under static and dynamic loading conditions may be of minor importance from a practical view, since the same rate-determining steps in crack propagation can operate in these mechanisms and modes of cracking. Bearing in mind that crack advance in ductile structural-alloy/aqueous-environment systems is primarily an electrochemically related process, our understanding of the cracking mechanism suggests that, at a given potential, the propagation rate is controlled by reaction rates (for example, dissolution, hydrogen-ion reduction) on the crack tip and sides and how these are affected by the passivation rate, liquid diffusion rate, and strain rate at or near the crack tip. Knowledge of the interactions between these controlling processes leads to a quantitative understanding of the spectrum of behavior between stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue and of the criteria that dictate whether crack propagation will arrest or accelerate.
Treatment of cytomegalovirus gastrointestinal ulceration in a heart transplant patient. (1987)

A 62-year-old man developed cytomegalovirus gastrointestinal infection associated with moderate cardiac rejection. The patient was successfully treated with a new therapeutic agent 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-proproxymethyl) guanine during maximal immunosuppression. The medication was well-tolerated, and the patient had an excellent response to therapy. We believe this has significant implications for cytomegalovirus-induced gastrointestinal disease in the heart transplant patient.
Snoqualmia, a new polydesmid milliped genus from the northwestern United States, with a description of two new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae) (2012)

Shear, William A. (2012): Snoqualmia, a new polydesmid milliped genus from the northwestern United States, with a description of two new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Insecta Mundi 2012 (238): 1-13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174348
Alcohol-Induced Spasms of Cerebral Blood Vessels: Relation to Cerebrovascular Accidents and Sudden Death (1983)

Ethyl alcohol produced graded contractile responses in rat cerebral arterioles and venules in vivo and in isolated canine basilar and middle cerebral arteries at a concentration range (10 to 500 milligrams per deciliter) which parallels that needed for its graded effects of euphoria, mental haziness, muscular incoordination, stupor, and coma in humans. Two specific calcium antagonists, nimodipine and verapamil, prevented or reversed the alcohol-induced cerebrovasospasm and thus may prove valuable in treating the hypertension and stroke observed in heavy users of alcohol.