gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Corrosion Resistant Directionally Solidified Material for Land Based Turbine Blades (1998)

Advanced turbines with improved efficiency require materials that can operate at higher temperatures. Availability of these materials would minimize cooling flow requirements, and, thus, improve the efficiency of a turbine. Advanced processing. such as directional solidification (DS), can improve temperature capability of the majority of Ni based superalloys. However, results of earlier work on IN-738 reveal that the DS process does not significantly improve temperature capability of this alloy. A research program was initiated to develop a corrosion resistant Ni-based DS blade material for land based turbines. In this program, eight heats with varied Cr, Al, Ti, Ta, and W contents were selected for evaluation. Screening tests performed on these heats in the DS condition include tensile, creep, and corrosion. The Results of experimental heats were compared with those of IN-738 in the equiaxed condition. From these results, two chemistries offering approximately 100°F temperature advantage at typical row I turbine blade operating stress were selected for castability and further mechanical property evaluation. Several row 1 solid and cored turbine blades were successfully cast. The blades were evaluated for grain structure and mechanical properties. Tests were also conducted to evaluate the effects of withdrawal rates on properties. These results are summarized in this paper.
MicroRNAs and Alzheimer′s Disease Mouse Models: Current Insights and Future Research Avenues (2011)

Evidence from clinical trials as well as from studies performed in animal models suggest that both amyloid and tau pathologies function in concert with other factors to cause the severe neurodegeneration and dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Accumulating data in the literature suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) could be such factors. These conserved, small nonprotein-coding RNAs are essential for neuronal function and survival and have been implicated in the regulation of key genes involved in genetic and sporadic AD. The study of miRNA changes in AD mouse models provides an appealing approach to address the cause-consequence relationship between miRNA dysfunction and AD pathology in humans. Mouse models also provide attractive tools to validate miRNA targets in vivo and provide unique platforms to study the role of specific miRNA-dependent gene pathways in disease. Finally, mouse models may be exploited for miRNA diagnostics in the fight against AD.
Multi-band L/sub 5/-capable GPS antenna with reduced backlobes (2005)

We present a novel multiband antenna design for GPS applications at three different frequencies (L/sub 1/-1575.42MHz, L/sub 2/-1227.60MHz, and L/sub 5/-1176.45MHz). The future GPS system will introduces an L/sub 5/ capability, allowing the possibility of extended services using the new GPS signal. The designed antenna employs the aperture-coupled stacked patch configuration and achieves improved performance in terms of bandwidths, axial ratios, cross-polarization rejection levels and multipath rejection characteristics. To mitigate the multipath interference, a novel structure (vertical choke ring) using multiple metallic disks with center cylinders of different diameters was introduced. The use of the vertical choke ring helps achieve very low backlobes, without the need to increase the diameter of the ground plane, by suppressing the surface waves and the edge diffractions. The designed antenna has been fabricated and tested. The measured performance of the designed antenna is presented in the paper.
Efficient isolation of specific genomic regions by insertional chromatin immunoprecipitation (iChIP) with a second-generation tagged LexA DNA-binding domain (2012)

Comprehensive understanding of mechanisms of epigenetic regulation requires identification of molecules bound to genomic regions of interest in vivo. We have developed a novel method, insertional chromatin immunoprecipitatin (iChIP), to isolate specific genomic regions retaining molecular interaction in order to perform non-biased identification of interacting molecules in vivo. Here, we developed a second-generation tagged LexA DNA-binding domain, 3xFNLDD, for the iChIP analysis. 3xFNLDD consists of 3 x FLAG tags, a nuclear localization signal (NLS), the DNA-binding domain (DB) and the dimerization domain of the LexA protein. Expression of 3xFNLDD can be detected by immunoblot analysis as well as flowcytometry. We showed that iChIP using 3xFNLDD is able to consistently isolate more than 10% of input genomic DNA, several-fold more efficient compared to the first-generation tagged LexA DB. 3xFNLDD would be a useful tool to perform the iChIP analysis for locus-specific biochemical epigenetics.
Characterization of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Dependent Transcriptome in Murine Embryonic Stem Cells: Identification of Novel Regulators of Pluripotency (2009)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signaling has been implicated in the regulation of embryonic stem (ES) cell fate. To gain further insight into the mechanisms regulated by PI3Ks in murine ES cells, we have performed expression profiling using Affymetrix GeneChips to characterize the transcriptional changes that arise as a result of inhibition of PI3K-dependent signaling. Using filtering of greater than 1.5-fold change in expression and an analysis of variance significance level of p < .05, we have defined a dataset comprising 646 probe sets that detect changes in transcript expression (469 down and 177 up) on inhibition of PI3Ks. Changes in expression of selected genes have been validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Gene ontology analyses reveal significant over-representation of transcriptional regulators within our dataset. In addition, several known regulators of ES cell pluripotency, for example, Nanog, Esrrb, Tbx3, and Tcl-1, are among the downregulated genes. To evaluate the functional involvement of selected genes in regulation of ES cell self-renewal, we have used short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown. These studies identify genes not previously associated with control of ES cell fate that are involved in regulating ES cell pluripotency, including the protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp-1 and the Zscan4 family of zinc finger proteins. Further gain-of-function analyses demonstrate the importance of Zscan4c in regulation of ES cell pluripotency.
Using neural networks for high resolution distance measurements in pulsed laser radar (2002)

We have developed a new distance measurement method which can obtain distance information directly from the output waveform of pulsed laser radar (PLR). A simple digital signal processing technique and multilayer perceptrons (MLP) have been used to recognize the pulse shape and to obtain the distance information. The method has been implemented in a real PLR for high resolution distance measurements to improve the resolution and to decrease the nonlinearity error. Because of the ability of neural networks in decreasing the noise and preprocessing of the noisy input pulse shapes to the neural network, resolution and nonlinearity were greatly improved. Distance deviation of 53 /spl mu/m-168 /spl mu/m, full width at half power (FWHP) of 70 /spl mu/m-190 /spl mu/m and non-linearity of 187 /spl mu/m have been achieved. All the measurements in the same situation has been performed by using the standard method to extract the distance information from time interval between the reference pulse and the reflected pulse. In comparison with the standard method, resolution in the best case and non-linearity were improved by 86% and 6.5% respectively. In this method if the PLR system is reasonably stable during the measurement, it is possible to use only the reflected pulse from the target to extract the distance information and this makes PLR simpler in hardware. Because the neural network decreases noise, it is possible to make the measurements with the same resolution of standard method but with the lower averaging in sampling unit and this dramatically increase the speed of the measurement.
Effect of pulse duration on two-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation in nonlinear optical microscopy (2006)

We have developed a multiphoton microscopy (MPM) system using a 12-fs Ti:sapphire laser with adjustable dispersion precompensation in order to examine the impact of pulse duration on nonlinear optical signals. The efficiencies of two-photon-excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) were studied for various pulse durations, measured at the sample, ranging from approximately 400 fs to sub-20 fs. Both TPEF and SHG increased proportionally to the inverse of the pulse duration for the entire tested range. Because of improved signal-to-noise ratio, sub-20-fs pulses were used to enhance MPM imaging depth by approximately 160%, compared to 120-fs pulses, in human skin.
New Three-Dimensional Metal−Organic Framework with Heterometallic [Fe−Ag] Building Units: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Functional Studies (2011)

A new three-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) containing Fe(II) and Ag(I) ions and 2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid (pcaH) was synthesized, and its magnetic and catalytic properties were studied. The MOF has a big window size of 12.1 × 12.0 Å, with 23.8% solvent-accessible space, and shows size selectivity toward Lewis acid catalysis.
Photodeoxygenation of Dibenzothiophene Sulfoxide:  Evidence for a Unimolecular S−O Cleavage Mechanism<sup>1</sup> (1997)

Photolysis of dibenzothiophene sulfoxide results in the formation of dibenzothiophene and oxidized solvent. Though quantum yields are low, chemical yields of the sulfide are quite high. Yields of the oxidized solvents can also be high. Typical products are phenol from benzene, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexene from cyclohexane and 2-cyclohexenol and epoxycyclohexane from cyclohexene. A number of experiments designed to elucidate the mechanism of the hydroxylation were carried out, including measurements of quantum yields as a function of concentration, solvent, quenchers, and excitation wavelength. These data are inconsistent with a mechanism involving a sulfoxide dimer, which also does not properly account for the solvent oxidations. It is suggested that the active oxidizing agent may be atomic oxygen O(3P) or a closely related noncovalent complex, based on the nature of the oxidation chemistry, comparison to known rate constants for O(3P) reactivity, and the quantum yield data.
miR-30-5p Regulates Muscle Differentiation and Alternative Splicing of Muscle-Related Genes by Targeting MBNL (2016)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of single stranded, small (~22 nucleotides), non-coding RNAs, play an important role in muscle development. We focused on the role of the miR-30-5p family during bovine muscle development from previous high-throughput sequencing results and analyzed their expression profiles. MHC and MyoG mRNAs expression as well as their proteins were suppressed in differentiated C2C12 cells, suggesting the importance of miR-30-5p in muscle development. MBNL, the candidate target of miR-30-5p, is an alternative splicing regulation factor. MBNL1 and MBNL3 have opposite effects on muscle differentiation. Our results confirmed that miR-30a-5p and miR-30e-5p repress the expression of MBNL1, MBNL2 and MBNL3, whereas miR-30b-5p inhibits MBNL1 and MBNL2 expression. This provides direct evidence that MBNL expression can be flexibly regulated by miR-30-5p. Previous studies showed that MBNL1 promotes exon inclusion of two muscle-related genes (Trim55 and INSR). Through RNA splicing studies, we found that miR-30-5p had an effect on their alternative splicing, which means miR-30-5p via MBNL1 could be integrated into muscle signaling pathways in which INSR or Trim55 are located. In conclusion, miR-30-5p could inhibit muscle cell differentiation and regulate the alternative splicing of Trim55 and INSR by targeting MBNL. These results promote the understanding of the function of miRNAs in muscle development.
An experimental description of destructive liquid rocket resonant combustion. (1968)

Rotating detonation-like wave concept explains phenomenon during destructive liquid rocket resonant combustion mode
Air disinfection procedures in the dental office during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020)

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) generated a huge pressure on health care systems worldwide and exposed their lack of preparation for a major health crisis. In the times of a respiratory disease pandemic, members of the dental profession, due to having a direct contact with the patients' oral cavity, body fluids and airborne pathogens, are exposed to a great occupational hazard of becoming infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The authors carried out a systematic literature search using the main online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, UpToDate, Embase, and Web of Science) with the following keywords: "COVID-19," "2019-nCoV," "coronavirus," "SARS-CoV-2," "dental COVID-19," "dentistry COVID-19," "occupational hazards dentistry," "ventilation," "air disinfection," "airborne transmission," "hydrogen peroxide disinfection," "UV disinfection," "ozone disinfection," "plasma disinfection," and "TiO<sub>2</sub> disinfection." They included publications focused on COVID-19 features, occupational hazards for dental staff during COVID-19 pandemic, and methods of air disinfection. They found that due to the work environment conditions, if appropriate measures of infection control are not being implemented, dental offices and dental staff can become a dangerous source of COVID-19 transmission. That is why the work safety protocols in dentistry have to be revised and additional methods of decontamination implemented. The authors specifically advise on the utilization of wildly accepted methods like ultraviolet germicidal irradiation with additional disinfection systems, which have not been introduced in dentistry yet, like vaporized hydrogen peroxide, non-thermal plasma and air filters with photocatalytic disinfection properties. Due to its toxicity, ozone is not the first-choice method for air decontamination of enclosed clinical settings. Med Pr. 2021;72(1):39-48.
Virus-like particles containing multiple antigenic proteins of Toxoplasma gondii induce memory T cell and B cell responses (2019)

Although the efforts to develop vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii infection were made for decades, there is currently no licensed vaccine available for humans. Upon discovering a number of T or B cell epitope regions from T. gondii IMC, ROP18 and MIC8, multi-antigen VLPs or combination VLPs were generated. Mice immunized with multi-antigen VLPs or combination VLPs were challenge infected with T. gondii (ME49). T. gondii-specific IgG, IgG isotypes and IgA antibody responses, memory T and B cell responses and protection were evaluated. All the mice survived upon T. gondii challenge infection by multi-antigen VLPs vaccination. Vaccinated mice elicited higher levels of parasite-specific IgG and IgG2a antibody responses in sera, IgA antibody responses in feces, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-10) responses compared to combination VLPs. In particular, the multi-antigen VLPs vaccination showed significantly higher levels of antibody secreting cell (ASC) responses, CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T cells, and memory B cells than combination VLPs. Multi-antigen VLPs vaccination showed significant reduction of brain cyst counts and size, and all mice survived. Prediction and analysis of epitopes have indicated that IMC, ROP18 and MIC8 showed partially overlapping epitopes for T and B cells. Our results indicated that antibody responses, memory T and B cells induced by multi-antigen VLPs vaccination might contribute to the complete protection upon T. gondii (ME49) challenge infection.
A repetitive observation strategy for recognizing a true anomaly and estimating its position. (2008)

For many surveillance situations, the use of mobile robots has several advantages over static sensors. One of the advantages is that immediate action or investigation can be undertaken when an anomaly is detected. This paper presents a surveillance mobile robot that uses novelty detection. In this project, a neural network is trained to remember the normal measurements of the robot sensors, and highlight any discrepancies from the normal encountered during the inspection period. The contribution of this paper is a new approach to estimating the possible location of the detected anomaly using sensors which provide directional information. The method reduces the number of false alarms by taking into account the location where sensor measurements are made and not just their value. This paper presents details of the method and experimental results demonstrating its application. 1
Information noise and stock return volatility: evidence from Germany (1996)

Using data from the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, this paper investigates the impact of an increase in trading hours (from two to three on 15 January 1990) on the variance of stock returns. The results confirm those of most earlier studies that report that trading time volatility is significantly larger than non-trading time volatility. In addition, the results are consistent with the private and public information hypotheses with regard to stock return volatility, but they do not support the noise trading hypothesis.
Nuevas técnicas analíticas (2011)

Estamos asistiendo a una verdadera revolucion de las posibilidades que la industria de la instrumentacion analitica nos ofrece. Los esfuerzos se dirigen a mejorar los limites de identificacion de los analitos y su selectividad, mas alla de la base quimicofisica de su deteccion. ACENOLOGIA dedica su dossier monografico a su aplicacion en enologia, al optimizar el control de parametros imprescindibles para una correcta elaboracion y crianza del vino.
POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVED THERAPEUTIC INDEX OF FK506 IN LIPOSOMAL FORMULATION DEMONSTRATED IN A MOUSE CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT MODEL1,2 (1999)

LipoFK506 is a novel formulation of FK506 that is efficacious at low blood trough FK506 levels. This property has a direct potential benefit for clinical organ transplantation.
Break health claims law 'at your peril' : food regulations (2012)

Manufacturers must review any health claims they make, on TV, in products, print advertising, and online, over the coming eight months or risk falling foul of new EU legislation, experts have warned.
Chernoff Faces in Microsoft Excel (2004)

Summary This article describes how Chernoff faces can be drawn in Microsoft Excel.
SecureHouse: A home security system based on smartphone sensors (2017)

Several new smartphones are released every year. Many people upgrade to new phones, and their old phones are not put to any further use. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using such retired smartphones and their on-board sensors to build a home security system. We observe that door-related events such as opening and closing have unique vibration signatures when compared to many types of environmental vibrational noise, which can be captured by the accelerometer of a smartphone when the phone is mounted on a wall near the door. The rotation of a door can also be captured by the magnetometer of a smartphone when the phone is mounted on a door. We design machine learning and threshold-based methods to detect door opening events based on accelerometer and magnetometer data, and build a prototype home security system that can detect door openings and notify the homeowner via email, SMS and phone calls upon break-in detection. Experiments in a residential home show that the accelerometer-based detection can detect door open events with an accuracy higher than 98%, and magnetometerbased detection has 100% accuracy.
It's a team thing : innovations in staffing. (2010)

We know that quality schooling depends on quality teachers and we know we face a teacher shortage: time to think about some new approaches to staffing.
[Effects of regulator peptides on expression of mannose-containing membrane structures in leukocytes in acute stress]. (2001)

We have investigated the influence of regulative peptides (oxytocin, pituitrin, thyroid-releasing hormone and SNC) on the expression of mannose-containing membrane structures (MCMS) of lymphocytes and neutrophils in acute stress (3-hour immobilization on the back). MCMS were assayed by the indirect lectin-peroxidase test. We have found that MCMS-expression of lymphocytes significantly decreased but neutrophil MCMS-expression changed in different directions. SNC and thyroid-releasing hormone decreased and MCMS expression increased, respectively. Acute stress activated MCMS expression of lymphocytes. This activation was uncorrectable by the investigated peptides, MCMS expression of neutrophils was corrected by oxytocin, thyroid-releasing hormone and pituitrin. Thus, MCMS expression of leukocytes changed as a multimodal system by acute stress and peptide administration. This system may take part in pathogenesis of the stress reaction.
Structure characterization, reactivity, and thermal properties of new cyclic phosphine oxide epoxy resin containing tetra‐oxirane rings (1998)

A new type of epoxy resin, which contained cyclic phosphine oxide and tetra-oxirane rings in the main chain, was synthesized. The structure of the new type of epoxy resin was confirmed by elemental analyses (EA), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C-NMR spectroscopies. In addition, compositions of the new synthesized cyclic phosphine oxide epoxy resin (TGCAO) with three curing agents, for example, bis(3-aminophenyl)ethylphosphine oxide (BEMP), 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) were used for making a comparison of its curing reactivity, heat, and flame retardancy with those of Epon 828 and DEN438. The reactivities were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Through the evaluation of thermal gravimetric analysis, those polymers, which were obtained through the curing reactions between the new epoxy resin and three curing agents (BEMP, DDM, and DDS), also demonstrated adequate thermal propeties, as well as a high char yield. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1397–1409, 1998
Improving solar cell efficiencies by down-conversion of high-energy photons (2002)

One of the major loss mechanisms leading to low energy conversion efficiencies of solar cells is the thermalization of charge carriers generated by the absorption of high-energy photons. These losses can largely be reduced in a solar cell if more than one electron–hole pair can be generated per incident photon. A method to realize multiple electron–hole pair generation per incident photon is proposed in this article. Incident photons with energies larger than twice the band gap of the solar cell are absorbed by a luminescence converter, which transforms them into two or more lower energy photons. The theoretical efficiency limit of this system for nonconcentrated sunlight is determined as a function of the solar cell’s band gap using detailed balance calculations. It is shown that a maximum conversion efficiency of 39.63% can be achieved for a 6000 K blackbody spectrum and for a luminescence converter with one intermediate level. This is a substantial improvement over the limiting efficiency of 30.9%, which a solar cell exposed directly to nonconcentrated radiation may have under the same assumption of radiative recombination only.