gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Motorola 68060 microprocessor (1993)

The Motorola 68060, the fourth-generation microprocessor of the M68000 family, is described. Using object code compatible with previous family members, it delivers 3 to 3.5 times the performance of the previous generation processor in this family, the 68040. Performance features include a superscalar integer unit, a high-performance floating point unit, dual 8-kbyte on-chip caches, a branch cache, and on-chip memory management units. A streamlined design enables high-performance techniques to achieve a high level of parallel instruction execution. Improved performance at a low cost makes the 68060 an ideal processor for the mid to high range of desktop computing applications, and compatibility features enable it to easily upgrade the performance of existing 68040-based systems. The operation of the 68060 is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selection and Reproduction of Soybean Cyst Nematodes on Resistant Soybeans<sup>1</sup> (1982)

Objectives of this work were to select populations of soybean cyst nematodes (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) on known resistant soybeans [R‐lines, Glycine max (L.) Merrill] and to compare their reproduction on the various combinations of populations ✕ R‐lines. The original SCN population from a single field soil sample did not reproduce well on the six R‐lines, but after selection, each population reproduced well on the R‐line on which it was selected. A seventh SCN population selected on ‘Pickett’ in North Carolina was included in the comparison of SCN populations on the seven R‐lines and the susceptible cultivar ‘Williams.’ The effects of soybean lines, SCN populations and their interaction were highly significant for females/plant, eggs/plant, and eggs/female. Number of females/plant was the least variable and highly correlated (r = 0.96) with eggs/plant. Eggs/female was the most variable and perhaps the least useful character even though there were significant differences among the soybean‐SCN combinations. ‘Pickett 71’ was as susceptible as Williams to all populations, and the population selected on it reproduced poorly on the other six R‐lines. PI 89772 was a good host only for the population selected on it; which in turn reproduced rather poorly on ‘Cloud’, PI 209332, PI 87631‐1, PI 88788, and PI 90763R. Thus, these five lines have at least some genes in common but different from some genes in Pickett and Pickett 71 and in PI 89772. Phenotypically, PI 90763R is more like PI 88788 than PI 90763.
Short-circuiting techniques for deactivating a faulty aircraft generator (1952)

When an aircraft self-excited d-c generator develops either a full-field short-circuit fault or a generator feeder fault, protection to the generator must be afforded. The method here described is the application of a short circuit between the generator output terminals thus disabling the power-generating capabilities of the machine.
Spatial Working Memory Deficits in the Relatives of Schizophrenic Patients (1995)

Some relatives of schizophrenic patients are impaired on tasks that tap spatial working memory and that implicate the prefrontal system. The delayed response paradigm may be useful in elucidating the multidimensionality of the schizophrenic phenotype.
Catalytic synthesis of silylene-vinylene preceramic polymers from ethynylsilanes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic synthesis of silylene-vinylene preceramic polymers from ethynylsilanesY. Pang, S. Ijadi-Maghsoodi, and T. J. BartonCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 21, 5671–5675Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00073a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00073a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views321Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance study of WaveLAN and Altair radio-LANs (2005)

Radio-LANs provide a good example of information technology products meeting the current demand for flexibility and mobility in the office environment. It is uncertain, however, what scope they offer and what their restrictions are. We present a performance study of two commercially available radio-LANs: Motorola Altair and NCR WaveLAN. A selection of the results is presented. Using the results of the study opportunities of radio-LANs can be determined and specific application areas can be assessed for which the features of radio-LANs appear to have full advantage.
What Can Computer Vision Tell You About Your Weight? (2012)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012
Multigrid anisotropic diffusion (1998)

A multigrid anisotropic diffusion algorithm for image processing is presented. The multigrid implementation provides an efficient hierarchical relaxation method that facilitates the application of anisotropic diffusion to time-critical processes. Through a multigrid V-cycle, the anisotropic diffusion equations are successively transferred to coarser grids and used in a coarse-to-fine error correction scheme. When a coarse grid with a trivial solution is reached, the coarse grid estimates of the residual error can be propagated to the original grid and used to refine the solution. The main benefits of the multigrid approach are rapid intraregion smoothing and reduction of artifacts due to the elimination of low-frequency error. The theory of multigrid anisotropic diffusion is developed. Then, the intergrid transfer functions, relaxation techniques, diffusion coefficients, and boundary conditions are discussed. The analysis includes the examination of the storage requirements, the computational cost, and the solution quality. Finally, experimental results are reported that demonstrate the effectiveness of the multigrid approach.
A Photometricity and Extinction Monitor at the Apache Point Observatory (2001)

An unsupervised software "robot" that automatically and robustly reduces and analyzes CCD observations of photometric standard stars is described. The robot measures extinction coefficients and other photometric parameters in real time and, more carefully, on the next day. It also reduces and analyzes data from an all-sky 10 μm camera to detect clouds; photometric data taken during cloudy periods are automatically rejected. The robot reports its findings to observers and data analysts via the World Wide Web. It can be used to assess photometricity and to build data on site conditions. The robot's automated and uniform site monitoring represents a minimum standard for any observing site with queue scheduling, a public data archive, or likely participation in any future National Virtual Observatory.
A new ventricular fibrillation detection algorithm for automated external defibrillators (2005)

A pivotal component in AEDs is the detection of ventricular fibrillation by means of appropriate detection algorithms. In scientific literature there exists a wide variety of methods and ideas for handling this task. These algorithms should have a high detection quality, be easily implementable, and work in real time in an AED. Testing of these algorithms should be done by using a large amount of annotated data under equal conditions. For our investigation we simulated a continuous analysis by selecting the data in steps of one second without any preselection. We used the BIH-MIT arrhythmia, the CU, and the AHA database. For a new ventricular fibrillation detection algorithm we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and the area under its receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and compared these values with the results from an earlier investigation of several different ventricular fibrillation detection algorithms. This new algorithm is based on the Hilbert transform and outperforms all other investigated algorithms
Design of Small MEMS Microphone Array Systems for Direction Finding of Outdoors Moving Vehicles (2014)

In this paper, a MEMS microphone array system scheme is proposed which implements real-time direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for moving vehicles. Wind noise is the primary source of unwanted noise on microphones outdoors. A multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is used in this paper for direction finding associated with spatial coherence to discriminate between the wind noise and the acoustic signals of a vehicle. The method is implemented in a SHARC DSP processor and the real-time estimated DOA is uploaded through Bluetooth or a UART module. Experimental results in different places show the validity of the system and the deviation is no bigger than 6° in the presence of wind noise.
Infrared spectroscopy of gas phase C3H5+: The allyl and 2-propenyl cations (2008)

C3H5+ cations are probed with infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the 800-3500 cm(-1) region using the method of rare gas tagging. The ions and their complexes with Ar or N2 are produced in a pulsed electric discharge supersonic expansion cluster source. Two structural isomers are characterized, namely, the allyl (CH2CHCH2+) and 2-propenyl (CH3CCH2+) cations. The infrared spectrum of the allyl cation confirms previous theoretical and condensed phase studies of the C(2nu) charge delocalized, resonance-stabilized structure. The 2-propenyl cation spectrum is consistent with a C(s) symmetry structure having a nearly linear CCC backbone and a hyperconjugatively stabilizing methyl group.
Coordinated Transcriptional Regulation of Storage Product Genes in the Maize Endosperm (1994)

We have demonstrated that expression of genes involved in starch and storage protein synthesis of the maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm are coordinated. Genetic lesions altering synthetic events in one biosynthetic pathway affect expression of genes in both pathways. Initial studies focused on shrunken2 (sh2) and brittle2 (bt2) mutants because these genes encode subunits of the same enzyme, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Analysis of various sh2- and bt2- mutant alleles showed that the most severe mutations also conditioned the largest increase in transcripts. The analysis was extended by monitoring the transcripts of the genes, shrunken1 (sh1, structural gene for Suc synthase), sh2, bt2, waxy1 (wx1, structural gene for starch synthase), and those of the large and small zeins in isogenic maize lines at 14, 22, and 30 d postpollination. Endosperms were wild type for all of these genes or contained sh1-, sh2-, bt1-, bt2-, opaque2 (o2-), or amylose-extender1 (ae1-) dull1 (du1-) wx1- mutations. Transcripts increased continually throughout kernel development in the mutants relative to the standard W64A used. Variation in the amount of Suc entering the developing seed also altered transcript amounts. The results indicate that starch and protein biosynthetic genes act in a concerted manner, and both are sensitive to mutationally induced differences.
Acceleration of high current fully stripped carbon ion beam by direct injection scheme (2006)

Acceleration of a 17mA, 100keV∕u C6+ ion beam has been successfully achieved with an radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac by means of “direct injection scheme.” The C6+ beam produced by a laser ion source with a Nd:YAG laser was injected to the high current RFQ linac. It has been experimentally proved that the fully stripped carbon ion beam with a current more than 10mA was accelerated by the RFQ linac.
A key transport protocol based on secret sharing applications to information security (2003)

Digital multimedia content is delivered to homes via the Internet, satellite, terrestrial and cable networks. Scrambling is a common approach used by conditional access systems to prevent unauthorized access to audio/visual data. The descrambling keys are securely distributed to the receivers in the same transmission channel. Their protection is an important part of the key management problem. Although public-key cryptography provides a viable solution, alternative methods are sought for economy and efficiency. Message authentication is an important objective of information security in modern electronic distribution networks. This objective is met by providing the receiver of a message an assurance of the sender's identity. As physical protection such as sealed envelopes is not possible for messages expressed as binary sequences, digital tools have been developed using cryptography. A major limitation of all cryptographic methods for message authentication lies in their use of algorithms with fixed symmetric or public keys. This paper presents a key transport protocol based on secret sharing. Conditional access and message authentication are two important application areas for which the advantages of the proposed protocol are discussed. The protocol eliminates the need for a cipher, yet effectively combines the advantages of symmetric and public-key ciphers. It can be used to build a new key management scheme that allows the service providers to generate different keys for different sets of receivers, and to renew these keys in a convenient way.
Evaluation of the efficiency of the sewage treatment plant from the University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), RS, Brazil (2012)

AIM: The main objective was to evaluate the efficiency of the sewage treatment plant (STP) of UNISC, through the ecotoxicological characterization and the analyses of the physical, chemical and microbiological variables from the raw and treated effluent. METHODS: Samples were collected during 2008 and 2009 for performing acute toxicity (Daphnia magna), chronic toxicity (Ceriodaphnia dubia), as well as the determination of environmental variables. RESULTS: The results indicated acute toxicity with an EC(I)50 48 hours average of 64.1 ± 9.9%, characterized as moderately toxic, and an average chronic toxicity CI(I)25 of 8,1 ± 2.6%, characterized as highly toxic. The total phosphorus (3.6 ± 1.4 mg L-1) and the ammonia nitrogen (77.8 ± 22.5 mg L-1) showed high concentration in the treated effluent, highlighting the STP inefficiency and, specially, the large amount of nutrients that the system is introducing into the receiving waterbody, the Lajeado Stream, condition that characterizes a large potential environmental impact known as eutrophication. The treated effluent showed high levels of thermotolerant coliforms, reaching an average of 6.4 × 10(5) ± 8.6 × 10(5) NMP 100 mL-1, corresponding to a potential pollution load of high impact in the receiving waterbody, characterizing therefore a public health problem. CONCLUSIONS: The Lajeado Stream has no supporting capacity for preventing acute and chronic effects on biota.
Regulation of Large Calcium-activated Potassium Channels by Protein Phosphatase 2A (1997)

Vasodilating agents induce relaxation of mesangial cells, in part through cGMP-mediated activation of large calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa). Normally quiescent in cell-attached patches, the response of BKCa to nitric oxide, atrial natriuretic peptide, and dibutyryl cGMP (Bt2cGMP) is characterized by a biphasic increase and then decrease ("rundown") in open probability. Using the patch-clamp method in conjunction with phosphatase inhibitors, we investigated whether the run-down phase was the result of dephosphorylation by an endogenous protein phosphatase. In cell-attached patches, cantharidic acid (500 nM), okadaic acid (100 nM), and calyculin A (100 nM), nondiscriminant inhibitors of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) at these concentrations, caused a significantly greater and sustained response of BKCa to Bt2cGMP. Within 2 min, the response of BKCa to the combination of cantharidic acid and Bt2cGMP was greater than the response to these agents added separately. Incubation of mesangial cells with okadaic acid for 20 min at a concentration (5 nM) specific for PP2A increased the basal open probability of BKCa and completely inhibited rundown after activation by Bt2cGMP. Incubation with calyculin A (10 nM), a more potent inhibitor of PP1, did not affect BKCa activity. In inside-out patches, Bt2cGMP plus MgATP caused a sustained activation of BKCa that was inhibited by exogenous PP2A but not PP1. It is concluded that either BKCa or a tightly associated regulator of BKCa is a common substrate for endogenous cGMP-activated protein kinase, which activates BKCa, and PP2A, which inactivates BKCa, in human mesangial cells.
Endotoxin Priming Improves Clearance of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>in Wild-Type and Interleukin-10 Knockout Mice (2005)

Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) tolerance is an altered state of immunity caused by prior exposure to LPS, in which production of many cytokines, including gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-12 (IL-12), are reduced but secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 is increased in response to a subsequent LPS challenge. This pattern of cytokine production is also characteristic of postinflammatory immunosuppression. Therefore, we hypothesized that LPS-primed mice would exhibit an impaired ability to respond to systemic infection with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We further hypothesized that depletion of IL-10 would reverse the endotoxin-tolerant state. To test this hypothesis, systemic clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was measured for LPS-primed wild-type and IL-10-deficient mice. LPS-primed wild-type mice exhibited significant suppression of LPS-induced IFN-gamma and IL-12 but increased IL-10 production in blood and spleen compared to levels exhibited by saline-primed wild-type mice. The suppressed production of IFN-gamma and IL-12 caused by LPS priming was ablated in the spleens, but not blood, of IL-10 knockout mice. LPS-primed wild-type mice cleared Pseudomonas aeruginosa from lungs and blood more effectively than saline-primed mice. LPS-primed IL-10-deficient mice were particularly efficient in clearing Pseudomonas aeruginosa after systemic challenge. These studies show that induction of LPS tolerance enhanced systemic clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and that this effect was augmented by neutralization of IL-10.
Downgrade Resilience in Key-Exchange Protocols (2016)

Key-exchange protocols such as TLS, SSH, IPsec, and ZRTP are highly configurable, with typical deployments supporting multiple protocol versions, cryptographic algorithms and parameters. In the first messages of the protocol, the peers negotiate one specific combination: the protocol mode, based on their local configurations. With few notable exceptions, most cryptographic analyses of configurable protocols consider a single mode at a time. In contrast, downgrade attacks, where a network adversary forces peers to use a mode weaker than the one they would normally negotiate, are a recurrent problem in practice. How to support configurability while at the same time guaranteeing the preferred mode is negotiated? We set to answer this question by designing a formal framework to study downgrade resilience and its relation to other security properties of key-exchange protocols. First, we study the causes of downgrade attacks by dissecting and classifying known and novel attacks against widely used protocols. Second, we survey what is known about the downgrade resilience of existing standards. Third, we combine these findings to define downgrade security, and analyze the conditions under which several protocols achieve it. Finally, we discuss patterns that guarantee downgrade security by design, and explain how to use them to strengthen the security of existing protocols, including a newly proposed draft of TLS 1.3.
Chemical Approaches To Understand the Language of Histone Modifications (2011)

Genomic DNA in the eukaryotic cell nucleus is present in the form of chromatin. Histones are the principal protein component of chromatin, and their post-translational modifications play important roles in regulating the structure and function of chromatin and thereby in determining cell development and disease. An understanding of how histone modifications translate into downstream cellular events is important from both developmental and therapeutic perspectives. However, biochemical studies of histone modifications require access to quantities of homogenously modified histones that cannot be easily isolated from natural sources or generated by enzymatic methods. In the past decade, chemical synthesis has proven to be a powerful tool in translating the language of histone modifications by providing access to uniformly modified histones and by the development of stable analogues of thermodynamically labile modifications. This Review highlights the various synthetic and semisynthetic strategies that have enabled biochemical and biophysical characterization of site-specifically modified histones.
Species-Specific Identification from Incomplete Sampling: Applying DNA Barcodes to Monitoring Invasive Solanum Plants (2013)

Comprehensive sampling is crucial to DNA barcoding, but it is rarely performed because materials are usually unavailable. In practice, only a few rather than all species of a genus are required to be identified. Thus identification of a given species using a limited sample is of great importance in current application of DNA barcodes. Here, we selected 70 individuals representing 48 species from each major lineage of Solanum, one of the most species-rich genera of seed plants, to explore whether DNA barcodes can provide reliable specific-species discrimination in the context of incomplete sampling. Chloroplast genes ndhF and trnS-trnG and the nuclear gene waxy, the commonly used markers in Solanum phylogeny, were selected as the supplementary barcodes. The tree-building and modified barcode gap methods were employed to assess species resolution. The results showed that four Solanum species of quarantine concern could be successfully identified through the two-step barcoding sampling strategy. In addition, discrepancies between nuclear and cpDNA barcodes in some samples demonstrated the ability to discriminate hybrid species, and highlights the necessity of using barcode regions with different modes of inheritance. We conclude that efficient phylogenetic markers are good candidates as the supplementary barcodes in a given taxonomic group. Critically, we hypothesized that a specific-species could be identified from a phylogenetic framework using incomplete sampling-through this, DNA barcoding will greatly benefit the current fields of its application.