gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bionomics of Choristoneura rosaceana12 (1968)

Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) has been studied, primarily, in relation to its occurrence on apple. It is bivoltine under New York conditions. However, populations of the first, or summer generation, are only about 25% as large as the spring generation. This reversal of an expected population increase is apparently attributable to the scarcity of suitable food in July when first generation larvae are active. First-instar larvae appear to require actively growing leaf or fruit tissue for successful establishment. Survival in summer is enhanced through an unusually large egg production in the species and the active dispersal habits of the newly hatched larvae in which some become air-borne. Diapause was facultative in the geographic race occurring in New York. This race lends itself readily to continuous rearing when provided suitable living food (actively growing apple trees or fava beans), a temperature of 27°C, and a day of 16 hours light and 8 hours dark.
Big data management processing with Hadoop MapReduce and spark technology: A comparison (2016)

Hadoop MapReduce is processed for analysis large volume of data through multiple nodes in parallel. However MapReduce has two function Map and Reduce, large data is stored through HDFS. Lack of facility involve in MapReduce so Spark is designed to run for real time stream data and for fast queries. Spark jobs perform work on Resilient Distributed Datasets and directed acyclic graph execution engine. In this paper, we extend Hadoop MapReduce working and Spark architecture with supporting kind of operation to perform. We also show the differences between Hadoop MapReduce and Spark through Map and Reduce phase individually.
Hierarchical Convex Approximation of 3D Shapes for Fast Region Selection (2008)

Abstract Given a 3D solid model S represented by a tetrahedral mesh, we describe a novel algorithm to compute a hierarchy of convex polyhedra that tightly enclose S. The hierarchy can be browsed at interactive speed on a modern PC and it is useful for implementing an intuitive feature selection paradigm for 3D editing environments. Convex parts often coincide with perceptually relevant shape components and, for their identification, existing methods rely on the boundary surface only. In contrast, we show that the notion of part concavity can be expressed and implemented more intuitively and efficiently by exploiting a tetrahedrization of the shape volume. The method proposed is completely automatic, and generates a tree of convex polyhedra in which the root is the convex hull of the whole shape, and the leaves are the tetrahedra of the input mesh. The algorithm proceeds bottom‐up by hierarchically clustering tetrahedra into nearly convex aggregations, and the whole process is significantly fast. We prove that, in the average case, for a mesh of n tetrahedra O(n log 2 n) operations are sufficient to compute the whole tree.
Optimizing power using transformations (1995)

The increasing demand for portable computing has elevated power consumption to be one of the most critical design parameters. A high-level synthesis system, HYPER-LP, is presented for minimizing power consumption in application specific datapath intensive CMOS circuits using a variety of architectural and computational transformations. The synthesis environment consists of high-level estimation of power consumption, a library of transformation primitives, and heuristic/probabilistic optimization search mechanisms for fast and efficient scanning of the design space. Examples with varying degree of computational complexity and structures are optimized and synthesized using the HYPER-LP system. The results indicate that more than an order of magnitude reduction in power can be achieved over current-day design methodologies while maintaining the system throughput; in some cases this can be accomplished while preserving or reducing the implementation area.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cloning and characterization of the fmt gene which affects the methicillin resistance level and autolysis in the presence of triton X-100 in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1997)

In methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, Triton X-100 reduced the oxacillin resistance level, although the degree of reduction varied from strain to strain. To study the responses of MRSA strains to Triton X-100, we isolated a Tn551 insertion mutant of the COL strain that became more susceptible to oxacillin in the presence of 0.02% Triton X-100. The Tn551 insertion of the mutant was transduced back to the parent strain, other MRSA strains (strains KSA8 and NCTC 10443), and methicillin-susceptible strain RN450. All transductants of MRSA strains had reduced levels of resistance to oxacillin in the presence of 0.02% Triton X-100, while those of RN450 did not. Tn551 mutants of KSA8 and NCTC 10443 also had reduced levels of resistance in the absence of 0.02% Triton X-100. The autolysis rates of the transductants in the presence of 0.02% Triton X-100 were significantly increased. Amino acid analysis of peptidoglycan and testing of heat-inactivated cells for their susceptibilities to several bacteriolytic enzymes showed that there were no significant differences between the parents and the respective Tn551 mutants. The Tn551 insertion site mapped at a location different from the previously identified fem and llm sites. Cloning and sequencing showed that Tn551 had inserted at the C-terminal region of a novel gene designated fmt. The putative Fmt protein showed a hydropathy pattern similar to that of S. aureus penicillin-binding proteins and contained two of the three conserved motifs shared by penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases, suggesting that fmt may be involved in cell wall synthesis.
A Survey of Procedural Noise Functions (2010)

Abstract Procedural noise functions are widely used in computer graphics, from off‐line rendering in movie production to interactive video games. The ability to add complex and intricate details at low memory and authoring cost is one of its main attractions. This survey is motivated by the inherent importance of noise in graphics, the widespread use of noise in industry and the fact that many recent research developments justify the need for an up‐to‐date survey. Our goal is to provide both a valuable entry point into the field of procedural noise functions, as well as a comprehensive view of the field to the informed reader. In this report, we cover procedural noise functions in all their aspects. We outline recent advances in research on this topic, discussing and comparing recent and well‐established methods. We first formally define procedural noise functions based on stochastic processes and then classify and review existing procedural noise functions. We discuss how procedural noise functions are used for modelling and how they are applied to surfaces. We then introduce analysis tools and apply them to evaluate and compare the major approaches to noise generation. We finally identify several directions for future work.
Reversible electrochemical insertion of lithium ions into graphite in LiClO<sub>4</sub>–propylene carbonate electrolyte (1995)

For the first time, reversible electrochemical insertion of unsolvated lithium into graphite previously treated in LiClO4–ethylene carbonate solution is carried out in a LiClO4–propylene carbonate electrolyte.
Image placement error: closing the gap between overlay and imaging (2005)

We perform experimental and theoretical studies of image placement error induced by aberrations of the projection lens. The goal is to experimentally determine the magnitude of the image placement errors, to compare experiments and simulations, and to screen possible correction strategies. The calculations and experiments are done for ArF lithography. Theoretically, we simulate image placement error using the projection lens aberration data and simulators such as Prolith or Solid-C. Features with low and high sensitivities to lens aberrations are identified, together with a reference feature that has low sensitivity for image placement error. Dedicated reticles are fabricated to print various features at different illumination conditions on the same substrate. The resulting patterns could be analyzed using top-down scanning electron microscopy (SEM), but also optically with the standard optical overlay tool KLA5200. For both techniques, the experimentally found image placement errors are in excellent agreement with simulations. In simulations, we calculate the dependency of the image placement error on pattern density, pattern orientation, and illumination conditions. These tendencies are experimentally reproduced. We conclude with a case study that demonstrates a possible correction strategy for image placement error.
Modeling and Prevention of Asphaltene and Other Heavy Organic Deposition in Oil Wells (1994)

ABSTRACT Well-head production of petroleum can be significantly affected by flocculation, deposition, and plugging of asphaltene, paraffin /wax, and/or diamondoid inside the well. The economic implications of such a formation damage are tremendous. In this paper a comprehensive mechanism and predictive model for such compounds in the oil wells is presented. This model is based on the macromolecular theory of polydisperse polymer and colloidal solutions, kinetics of aggregation, electrokinetic transport phenomena, and phase behavior of multicomponent mixtures. One question of interest in the oil industry is "when" and "how much" heavy organics will flocculate out under certain conditions. Since a petroleum crude generally consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons and heavy organics it may be necessary to look at this problem from a more fundamental point of view than it has been the practice in the past. In this paper the author presents the cause and effect mechanisms of such depositions and introduces mathematical models to be used for preventive measures in various cases of petroleum production, transportation, and processing. With the application of the proposed models a number of predictive case studies are made. It is shown that with proper plannings in the production scheme, consideration of the characteristics of the producing petroleum, injection fluid, well casing, and the reservoir it is possible to choose a formation-damage-free production scheme.
Ion exchange computer program for Zeolon 900 cation exchanger (1977)

A computer program (CIXZE) has been developed to model Zeolon 900 ion exchange processes for study of the significant process variables. The program models the load, scrub, and elution cycle with four cations: cesium, sodium, potassium, and rubidium. Zeolon 900 equilibrium data is used in predicting the load, empirical data is taken into account in the scrub and elution models. The program has been tested and adjusted with B Plant Cesium Purification process data. During the period of most stable operation in 1975, the relation between the loading variables was accurately predicted. The scrub indicated realistic changes during a sensitivity study. Many of the process measurements had to be extrapolated to obtain the desired data due to the high /sup 137/Cs concentrations in the system limiting the reliability of process sampling. The program was also tested with the proposed B Plant CAW process flowsheet. A critical judgment at this time is the loading capacity of the large Zeolon 900 column (T-18-2) in the flowsheet. Unfortunately data on the loading of Zeolon 900 with other cations (in the CAW feed) is not available at this time. Program results were helpful in the flowsheet design, however, optimization of the program with the CAW ion exchange process will be completed in conjunction with the pilot plant demonstration.
Effects of ethynyl unit and electron acceptors on the performance of triazatruxene-based dye-sensitized solar cells (2018)

Effects of ethynyl unit and electron acceptors/anchors on the photovoltaic performance of triazatruxene-based organic dyes were systematically investigated.
Supporting Multimedia Service Polymorphism in Dynamic and Heterogeneous Environments (2000)

Future multimedia services are expected to be available anytime, anywhere, and by using any computing device. However, clients of a multimedia service may vary significantly in their processing capability and network connectivity. In addition, even between the same multimedia service provider and client, there may be dynamic variation in end-to-end resource availability. In such a dynamic and heterogeneous environment, the challenge in multimedia service is to provide each client with satisfactory Quality of Service (QoS), under the constraint of current end-to-end resource availability. Many existing QoS adaptation techniques are very service-specific, and targets only specific types of critical resources. In this paper, we present ServiPoly , an enabling framework for multimedia service provision in dynamic and heterogeneous environments. Instead of providing a specific technique, ServiPoly provides uniform programming interface, architecture, and runtime support that integrate and ...
Targeting Assay To Study the <i>cis</i> Functions of Human Telomeric Proteins: Evidence for Inhibition of Telomerase by TRF1 and for Activation of Telomere Degradation by TRF2 (2002)

We investigated the control of telomere length by the human telomeric proteins TRF1 and TRF2. To this end, we established telomerase-positive cell lines in which the targeting of these telomeric proteins to specific telomeres could be induced. We demonstrate that their targeting leads to telomere shortening. This indicates that these proteins act in cis to repress telomere elongation. Inhibition of telomerase activity by a modified oligonucleotide did not further increase the pace of telomere erosion caused by TRF1 targeting, suggesting that telomerase itself is the target of TRF1 regulation. In contrast, TRF2 targeting and telomerase inhibition have additive effects. The possibility that TRF2 can activate a telomeric degradation pathway was directly tested in human primary cells that do not express telomerase. In these cells, overexpression of full-length TRF2 leads to an increased rate of telomere shortening.
Speaker recognition using adaptively boosted classifier (2002)

A novel approach for speaker recognition is proposed. The system makes use of adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) and multilayer perceptrons (MLP) as classifier for closed set, text-dependent speaker recognition. The performance of the systems is assessed using a subset of 20 speakers, 10 male and 10 female, drawn from the YOHO speaker verification corpus. Results show that improvement in accuracy of recognition can be achieved through adaptive boosting of the classifier.
Characterization of a gene that regulates toxin A synthesis in<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1988)

Journal Article Characterization of a gene that regulates toxin A synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Get access Michael S. Hindahl, Michael S. Hindahl Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY 14642, USA + Present address: Pfizer Corporation, Groton, CT, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dara W. Frank, Dara W. Frank Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY 14642, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Abdul Hamood, Abdul Hamood Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY 14642, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barbara H. Iglewski Barbara H. Iglewski * Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY 14642, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 12, 24 June 1988, Page 5699, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.12.5699 Published: 24 June 1988 Article history Accepted: 16 November 1987 Published: 24 June 1988
Cost estimation for global software development (2006)

Global software development has gathered pace in recent years. Many software projects now involve asynchronous collaboration among geographically distributed teams several time zones apart. Software costestimation for such projects becomes challenging due to factors such as effort expended in team building and knowledge transfer, creating an architecture of the software product that can be easily distributed and that minimizes cross-site communication, facilitating communication among remote teams collaborating on parts of the architecture that are interrelated and their day-to-day governance.In this paper we structure the additional cost drivers of distributed development and examine the significance of each of these factors as a contributor to the overall cost of a software development project. We suggest ways in which COCOMO II, the most widely used software development cost estimation model, can be tailored to account for these additional complexities.
Isolation and characterization of protease from culture supernatant of Bacteroides gingivalis (1987)

Caseinolytic protease was isolated and purified, with high yield, from culture supernatant of Bacteroides gingivalis 381 by procedures including acetone fractionation, gel filtration on Sepharose CL‐6B, solubilization with 0.8% 1‐O‐N‐octyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside and affinity chromatography on arginine‐Sepharose 4B. By the affinity chromatography, the protease was separated into three isoenzymes, one of which was unadsorbed on the arginine‐Sepharose 4B, but the other two of which were adsorbed and eluted with the buffer at a different concentration of arginine. Caseinolytic activities of the latter two were highly dependent on dithiothreitol and were inhibited by both thiol‐blocking reagents and some microbial protease inhibitors; but such inhibition was not found in the former isoenzyme. The higher the affinity of the enzyme to arginine‐Sepharose, the stronger the thiol dependency and the inhibition by these inhibitors. Phosphoramidone and ethylenediamine tetraacetate had no effect on the activity of any of the three peaks, indicating that the enzyme is not a metaloprotease. Besides the enzymehydrolyzed synthetic substrates of trypsin, such as BA p NA, TAME, substrates of chymotrypsin and kallikrein were also hydrolyzed. The salivary and egg‐white lysozymes were also degraded by this enzyme. These findings suggest that the protease produced by B. gingivalis may play a role as a periodontopathogen not only in directly destroying periodontal tissues but also in weakening the oral antibacterial mechanism.
Efficient software model checking of data structure properties (2006)

This paper presents novel language and analysis techniques that significantly speed up software model checking of data structure properties. Consider checking a red-black tree implementation. Traditional software model checkers systematically generate all red-black tree states (within some given bounds) and check every red-black tree operation (such as insert, delete, or lookup) on every red-black tree state. Our key idea is as follows. As our checker checks a red-black tree operation o on a red-black tree state s , it uses program analysis techniques to identify other red-black tree states s' 1 , s' 2 , ..., s' k on which the operation o behaves similarly. Our analyses guarantee that if o executes correctly on s , then o will execute correctly on every s' i . Our checker therefore does not need to check o on any s' i once it checks o on s . It thus safely prunes those state transitions from its search space, while still achieving complete test coverage within the bounded domain. Our preliminary results show orders of magnitude improvement over previous approaches. We believe our techniques can make model checking significantly faster, and thus enable checking of much larger programs and complex program properties than currently possible.
REP-2, a Rab escort protein encoded by the choroideremia-like gene. (1994)

Rab escort proteins (REPs) bind to newly synthesized Rab proteins and remain bound during and after the attachment of a geranylgeranyl (GG) group by the catalytic component of the Rab GG transferase. Transfer of the GG group is absolutely dependent on the participation of a REP. REP-1, the first characterized REP, is produced by a gene on the X chromosome that is defective in patients with choroideremia, a form of retinal degeneration. Cremers et al. (Cremers, F.P.M., Molloy, C. M., van de Pol, D. J. R., van den Hurk, J. A. J. M., Bach, I., Geurts van Kessel, A. H. M., and Ropers, H.-H. (1992) Hum. Mol. Genet. 1, 71-75) isolated a related gene, designated choroideremia-like, which encodes a protein that closely resembles REP-1. In the current studies, we produced REP-1 and REP-2 by recombinant DNA methods and showed that both proteins were approximately equal in facilitating the attachment of GG groups to several Rab proteins, including Rab1A, Rab5A, and Rab6. However, REP-2 was only 25% as active as REP-1 in supporting GG attachment to Rab3A and Rab3D. The low activity toward Rab3A was increased to that of Rab1A when the COOH-terminal 12 amino acids of Rab3A were replaced with the corresponding residues of Rab1A. We suggest that REP-2 substitutes for the absent function of REP-1 in nonretinal cells of patients with choroideremia, thus preventing cellular dysfunction throughout the body. In the retina, REP-2 may be only partially effective, leading eventually to retinal degeneration and blindness.
Model Checking Simpson's Four-Slot Fully Asynchronous Communication Mechanism (2002)

Simpson’s four-slot fully asynchronous communication mechanism allows single reader and writer processes to access a shared memory in such a way that interference between concurrent reads and writes is avoided, the reader always accesses the most recent data stored by the writer, and neither process need wait for the other. In computer science parlance, it is a means for implementing a wait-free atomic register. We use the SAL model checking environment to examine this mechanism and show that concurrent reads and writes are indeed noninterfering but that access to the most recently written data requires the unattractive assumption that some of the control registers are already atomic. We exhibit counterexamples that reveal incorrect operation when the control registers are not atomic, and also when the mechanism is modified (following a suggestion of Simpson) so that control registers are written only when their values will be changed. We do successfully verify the algorithm when its control registers are assumed to be atomic. The requirement for atomic control registers is unattractive: it means that any application that uses Simpson’s mechanism must be accompanied by separate, strong evidence that its implementation of the control registers satisfies this requirement. We recommend formal examination of alternative algorithms that operate under weaker assumptions.
[Changes in serum pancreatic enzymes and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor in patients with severe acute pancreatitis]. (1985)

Serum pancreatic enzymes (amylase, trypsin, pancreatic elastase 1, pancreatic phospholipase A2) and serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) were measured in 22 patients with moderate or severe acute pancreatitis. Serum levels of all pancreatic enzymes were elevated at the initial determination, but they fell rapidly to normal in both moderate and severe pancreatitis. In contrast, PSTI in severe pancreatitis increased after admission and reached the maximum on the second to the forth day after onset. There was a significant positive correlation between the level of PSTI and that of acute phase reactant (fibrinogen, alpha 1-antitrypsin), and serum PSTI in severe acute pancreatitis changed as if it was one of acute phase reactants. There was also a significant negative correlation between the level of serum PSTI and that of alpha 2-macroglobulin.