gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting vertex relationships in speeding up subgraph isomorphism over large graphs (2015)

Subgraph Isomorphism is a fundamental problem in graph data processing. Most existing subgraph isomorphism algorithms are based on a backtracking framework which computes the solutions by incrementally matching all query vertices to candidate data vertices. However, we observe that extensive duplicate computation exists in these algorithms, and such duplicate computation can be avoided by exploiting relationships between data vertices. Motivated by this, we propose a novel approach, BoostIso , to reduce duplicate computation. Our extensive experiments with real datasets show that, after integrating our approach, most existing subgraph isomorphism algorithms can be speeded up significantly, especially for some graphs with intensive vertex relationships, where the improvement can be up to several orders of magnitude.
Imposición a la fuerza en Honduras: indiferencia internacional tras las cuestionadas elecciones presidenciales (2018)

Serios indices de fraude electoral desacreditan el escrutinio presidencial hondureno del 26 de noviembre. El presidente saliente, Juan Orlando Hernandez, fue reelegido en detrimento del centrista Salvador Nasralla, comprometido en la lucha contra la corrupcion. Todo ello con el beneplacito de Estados Unidos, omnipresente en la vida politica y militar del pais desde comienzos de los anos 1980.
Long-Lived Nuclear Singlet Order in Near-Equivalent <sup>13</sup>C Spin Pairs (2012)

Molecules that support (13)C singlet states with lifetimes of over 10 min in solution have been designed and synthesized. The (13)C(2) spin pairs in the asymmetric alkyne derivatives are close to magnetic equivalence, so the (13)C long-lived singlet states are stable in high magnetic field and do not require maintenance by a radiofrequency spin-locking field. We suggest a model of singlet relaxation by fluctuating chemical shift anisotropy tensors combined with leakage associated with slightly broken magnetic equivalence. Theoretical estimates of singlet relaxation rates are compared with experimental values. Relaxation due to antisymmetric shielding tensor components is significant.
These Are Not the K-mers You Are Looking For: Efficient Online K-mer Counting Using a Probabilistic Data Structure (2014)

K-mer abundance analysis is widely used for many purposes in nucleotide sequence analysis, including data preprocessing for de novo assembly, repeat detection, and sequencing coverage estimation. We present the khmer software package for fast and memory efficient online counting of k-mers in sequencing data sets. Unlike previous methods based on data structures such as hash tables, suffix arrays, and trie structures, khmer relies entirely on a simple probabilistic data structure, a Count-Min Sketch. The Count-Min Sketch permits online updating and retrieval of k-mer counts in memory which is necessary to support online k-mer analysis algorithms. On sparse data sets this data structure is considerably more memory efficient than any exact data structure. In exchange, the use of a Count-Min Sketch introduces a systematic overcount for k-mers; moreover, only the counts, and not the k-mers, are stored. Here we analyze the speed, the memory usage, and the miscount rate of khmer for generating k-mer frequency distributions and retrieving k-mer counts for individual k-mers. We also compare the performance of khmer to several other k-mer counting packages, including Tallymer, Jellyfish, BFCounter, DSK, KMC, Turtle and KAnalyze. Finally, we examine the effectiveness of profiling sequencing error, k-mer abundance trimming, and digital normalization of reads in the context of high khmer false positive rates. khmer is implemented in C++ wrapped in a Python interface, offers a tested and robust API, and is freely available under the BSD license at github.com/ged-lab/khmer.
Testing the combination beta-blocker plus topiramate in refractory migraine (2006)

The combination of beta-blocker plus topiramate showed a benefit in around 60% of patients who had not previously responded to monotherapy. Adverse events led to discontinuation in one out of six patients. From these open results, it seems reasonable to recommend this combination, complementary in terms of mechanism of action, as a potential strategy in patients with refractory migraine.
<title>High-transition-temperature shape memory alloy film</title> (1995)

Using conventional magnetron sputtering deposition processes three different types of shape memory alloys (FeNi based, CuAl based and TiNi based) were examined as potential candidates for the production of high temperature SMA thin film. CuAlNi and TiNiHf SMA were successfully deposited on silicon wafers and thin films of 4 - 20 micrometers were produced. After annealing at approximately equals 500 degree(s)C both CuAlNi and TiNiHf films exhibited reversible high temperature martensitic transition. For CuAlNi thin films, annealing itself was found to be inadequate for obtaining transformation intervals corresponding to that of the target. To deal with the problem it is expected that additional quenching after solid solution heat treatment will be necessary. Of the three alloys examined, the most promising candidate for high temperature thin film microactuators is TiNiHf. It was found that by changing the Hf content in the target, the transformation start temperature of thin films can be easily adjusted in a temperature range from 100 degree(s)C to 200 degree(s)C.
Identification of Scanning and Attacks against Web Applications with Graph-Based Modeling of Users' Behavior (2017)

In this paper, a method for identifying malicious requests is presented, based on an automatically constructed graph, representing users' transitions between the pages. Such a graph is built in real time, utilizing incoming requests, and - assuming that most of the users do not try to exploit the application - represents typical users' behaviors. The method was tested against six sets of log files collected from different servers, totaling over 4.5 million log entries and proved to identify a large number of vulnerability scans against the web sites. The results were compared against LORG.
Monitoring the Targets of the St Vincent Declaration and the Implementation of Quality Management in Diabetes Care: the D<scp>iab</scp>C<scp>are</scp> Initiative (1993)

The St Vincent Declaration, a joint initiative on diabetes care and research of the World Health Organization (Europe) and the International Diabetes Federation (Europe), includes 5-year targets for improvement in diabetes outcomes as a central tenet. Accordingly, the establishment of state of the art monitoring and control systems is urged as a basis for the implementation of quality management. As a prerequisite for both targets, a diabetes dataset (fields and definitions) has been agreed to allow common monitoring of diabetes throughout Europe. This dataset has been further developed as the foundation stone of DiabCare, an initiative for continuous quality development in diabetes care. In a formal consensus process using the Delphi method, over 130 European diabetologists from 21 countries contributed to the development of this dataset, which includes fields covering true patient outcomes, intermediate metabolic outcomes, markers of diabetes tissue damage, risk factors, pregnancy, and life-style. The tools for documentation of the quality of health status have been developed in three formats for use in different health care settings. These tools, the DiabCare Diabetes Dataset, the DiabCare Basic Information Sheet, and the DiabCare Computer Program, are designed to allow local feedback-driven improvement in the quality of care, but are also the subject of communication protocols to compare performance between centres, regions, and countries. Whether implemented with or without the benefits of modern information technology, these initiatives can be the basis for both monitoring the targets of the St Vincent Declaration and for implementation of continuing quality development in diabetes care.
Validation Studies for Models Projecting the Risk of Invasive and Total Breast Cancer Incidence (1999)

Despite some limitations, these methods provide useful information on breast cancer risk for women who plan to participate in an annual mammographic screening program.
Magnetic field-induced increase in chlorophyll <i>a</i> delayed fluorescence of photosystem II: A 100- to 200-ns component between 4.2 and 300 K (1980)

At room temperature the delayed fluorescence (luminescence) of spinach chloroplasts, in which the acceptor Q is prereduced, consists of a component with a lifetime of 0.7 mus and a more rapid component, presumably with a lifetime of 100-200 ns and about the same integrated intensity as the 0.7- mus component. Between 4.2 and 200 K only a 100- to 200-ns luminescence component was found, with an integrated intensity appreciably larger than that at room temperature. At 77 K the 150-ns component approached 63% of saturation at roughly the same energy as the variable fluorescence of photosystem II at room temperature. At 77 K the emission spectra of prompt fluorescence but not that of the 150-ns luminescence had a preponderant additional band at about 735 nm. The 150-ns emission also occurred in the photosystem I-lacking mutant FL5 of Chlamydomonas. These experiments indicate that the 150-ns component originates from photosystem II. At room temperature a magnetic field of 0.22 T stimulated the 0.7-mus delayed fluorescence by about 10%. At 77 K the field-induced increase of the 150-ns component amounted to 40-50%, being responsible for the observed approximately 2% increase of the total emission; the magnetic field increased the lifetime about 20%. In order to explain these phenomena a scheme for photosystem II is presented with an intermediary acceptor W between Q and the primary donor chlorophyll P-680; recombination of P-680(+) and W(-) causes the fast luminescence. The magnetic field effect on this emission is discussed in terms of the radical pair mechanism.
A New Orthogonal Lead for P Synchronous Pacing (1981)

P synchronous pacing has long been identified as advantageous for patients with atrioventricular conduction defects and intact sinus node function. Prior endocavitary systems have been infrequently employed, because of unreliable P wave sensing from standard ring electrodes in the atrium or the requirement for a second atrial sensing lead. A single endocardial lead employing a unipolar ventricular stimulating electrode and an orthogonal P wave sensing design was developed and tested in 22 patients undergoing electrophysiologic study or pacemaker implantation. Thirteen centimeters from the stimulating tip of a standard permanent pacing lead, three or four electrodes with a surface area of one millimeter squared, equidistant from the tip, were placed circumferentially about the catheter. With the catheter tip normally placed in the right ventricular apex, atrial sensing electrodes were positioned in the mid-high lateral right atrium, adjacent to, but not affixed to, the right atrial wall. Bipolar orthogonal leads X and Y were obtained. In 22 patients, during sinus rhythm, atrial electrogram voltages in the X axis of 2.47 plus or minus 1.6 millivolts and 2.32 plus or minus 1.6 millivolts in the Y axis were recorded. QRS voltages of 0.078 millivolts and 0.073 millivolts, respectively, allowed dramatic ability to discriminate P from QRS complexes (P/QRS equals 32/1). There was no change in QRS or unipolar ventricular pacing. A single catheter designed for P synchronous pacing employing circumferentially placed atrial sensing electrodes has demonstrated unique atrial sensing voltages with excellent QRS signal rejection.
Cathelicidin LL-37: LPS-neutralizing, pleiotropic peptide. (2007)

Human organism, constantly exposed to a large variety of pathogenic microorganisms and their products, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), developed innate immunity as a first line of defence. One of the compartments of our organism well equipped with these defence mechanisms is the respiratory system. The cells lining the airways respond to the presence of virulent microorganisms by producing natural antimicrobial peptides, including the only member of the cathelicidins family found to date in humans, peptide LL-37. LL-37 is a small peptide of 37 amino acid residues. The peptide, in addition to its bactericidal effect, plays numerous roles in inflammatory and tissue remodelling processes. It stimulates angiogenesis, induces proliferation of lung epithelial cells, accelerates wound closure of the airway epithelium, and provokes cytokine release (e.g. IL-8) and cell migration. LL-37 is also able to neutralize LPS, a heteropolymer associated with organic dust, produced by Gram-negative bacteria. LPS (commonly referred to as endotoxin) plays an important role in pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases caused by organic dust, including organic dust toxic syndrome and chronic illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma or allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis). LPS is a strong pro-inflammatory stimulus, inducing in respiratory airways expression of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37, which is in turn a potent LPS-neutralizing factor. The article discusses the complex interplay between endotoxin and the LPS-neutralizing, pleiotropic peptide LL-37 in pathogenic mechanisms of lung diseases, with regard to closer perspectives of using LL-37 and its derivatives as therapeutic agents.
A Simple Chemical Procedure for Extending the Conductive State of Polypyrrole to More Negative Potentials (1993)

The electronically conductive polymer polypyrrole is an electronic conductor at potentials positive of ca. −0.4 V vs. the saturated calomel electrode (SCE) and an electronic insulator at potentials negative of this value. As a result of this potential‐dependent conductor/insulator transition, a polypyrrole film can be used as an electrode for redox couples with E0 positive of ca. −0.4 V vs. SCE but cannot be used as an electrode for couples with E0 negative of this value. We have discovered a simple chemical procedure that extends the conductive state of polypyrrole to ca. −1.1 V vs. SCE. This procedure entails treating the polypyrrole film with aqueous sodium hydroxide. We demonstrate this extension of the conductive state to more negative potentials here. We also propose, and test, a chemical model that explains the extension of the conductive state.
High- And Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete: A Systematic Experimental Analysis on Spalling (2011)

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A microdissection technique for archival DNA analysis of specific cell populations in lesions < 1 mm in size. (1995)

We have developed a microdissection technique that allows for procurement and analysis of specific, minute cell populations from routine, 5-mu, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded histological tissue sections. Lesions < 1 mm in size can be specifically examined. Cells of interest are procured under direct microscopic visualization followed by a single-step DNA extraction and subsequent polymerase chain reaction. Amplification of DNA from selected cell populations was demonstrated by detecting a loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) gene in an atypical renal lesion and a renal cell carcinoma in a kidney of a VHL patient. Moreover, previously unrecognized LOH on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p25-26) was detected in microdissected colorectal carcinoma cells in a non-VHL patient with sporadic colon carcinoma. This technique should prove useful in DNA studies of small lesions and cell populations. Furthermore, microscopic premalignant, in situ, and invasive lesions can be selectively examined.
Metabolic engineering of isoprenoid biosynthesis in <i>Arabidopsis</i> for the production of taxadiene, the first committed precursor of Taxol (2004)

Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a widely used anticancer isoprenoid produced by the secondary metabolism of yew (Taxus sp.) trees. However, only limited amounts of Taxol or related metabolites (taxoids) can be obtained from the currently available sources. In this work we have taken the first step toward genetically engineering the biosynthesis of taxoids in angiosperms. The first committed step in Taxol biosynthesis is the production of taxadiene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), catalyzed by the plastid-localized enzyme taxadiene synthase (TXS). A recombinant T. baccata TXS lacking the putative plastid targeting peptide and fused to a C-terminal histidine (His) tag was shown to be enzymatically active in Escherichia coli. Constitutive production of the full-length His-tagged enzyme in Arabidopsis thaliana plants led to the accumulation of taxadiene and concomitant growth retardation and decreased levels of photosynthetic pigment in transgenic plants. Although these phenotypes may derive from a toxic effect of taxadiene, the lower accumulation of endogenous plastid isoprenoid products such as carotenoids and chlorophylls in transgenic plants also suggests that the constitutive production of an active TXS enzyme might alter the balance of the GGPP pool. Induction of transgene expression using a glucocorticoid-mediated system consistently resulted in a more efficient recruitment of GGPP for the production of taxadiene, which reached levels 30-fold higher than those in plants constitutively expressing the transgene. This accomplishment illustrates the possibility of engineering the production of taxoids and other GGPP-derived isoprenoids in crop plants despite the constraints associated with limited knowledge with regard to regulation of GGPP availability.
Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Soils: Field Methods (1986)

The hydraulic conductivity is a measure of a soil's ability to transmit water. Water movement, whether under saturated or unsaturated conditions, is highly dependent on the hydraulic conductivity. The most common methods to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil in the presence of a water table are the augerhole method and the piezometer method. The pit-bailing method was developed by Healy and Laak to measure the in situ saturated hydraulic conductivity for septic-tank drain-field design. The methods to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity in locations above a water table or in the absence of a water table are more elaborate and time consuming. In fact, a large quantity of water may be needed to saturate the nearby soil before the measurement. These methods include the double-tube method, shallow well pump-in method, cylindrical permeameter method, air entry permeameter and infiltration gradient technique.
An investigation of groundwater organics, soil minerals, and activated carbon on the complexation, adsorption, and separation of technetium-99 (1996)

This report summarizes studies on the interactions of technetium-99 (Tc) with different organic compounds and soil minerals under both oxidizing and reducing conditions. The report is divided into four parts and includes (1) effect of natural organic matter (NOM) on the complexation and solubility of Tc, (2) complexation between Tc and trichloroethylene (TCE) in aqueous solutions, (3) adsorption of Tc on soil samples from Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP), and (4) adsorption and separation of Tc on activated carbon. Various experimental techniques were applied to characterize and identify Tc complexation with organic compounds and TCE, including liquid-liquid extraction, membrane filtration, size exclusion, and gel chromatography. Results indicate, within the experimental error, Tc (as pertechnetate, TcO{sub 4}) did not appear to form complexes with groundwater or natural organic matter under both atmospheric and reducing conditions. However, Tc can form complexes with certain organic compounds or specific functional groups such as salicylate. Tc did not appear to form complexes with TCE in aqueous solution.Both liquid-liquid extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gave no indication Tc was complexed with TCE. The correlations between Tc and TCE concentrations in monitoring wells at PGDP may be a coincidence because TCE was commonly used as a decontamination reagent. Once TCE and Tc entered the groundwater, they behaved similarly because both TcO{sub 4}{sup {minus}} and TCE are poorly adsorbed by soils. An effective remediation technique to remove TcO{sub 4}{sup {minus}} from PGDP contaminated groundwater is needed. One possibility is the use of an activated carbon adsorption technique developed in this study.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Pyrazino(2,3‐e) (1,4)diazepine Derivatives via the Intramolecular Aza‐Wittig Reaction. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Calcium fluxes at plasmalemma and tonoplast (1984)

Abstract. An account is given of the characterization of calcium fluxes across plasmalemma and tonoplast membranes of root cortical cells, using compartmental analysis. Some of the assumptions associated with the method are discussed. Recent evidence regarding the concentration of free Ca 2+ in plant cells, and the mechanisms driving active calcium transport across cell membranes, is reviewed. It is proposed that the evidence from whole cell studies and work at the molecular level is mutually supportive, and some speculation is ventured about the general pattern of calcium transport in higher plant cells.
Improving the reliability of function point measurement: an empirical study (1992)

One measure of the size and complexity of information systems that is growing in acceptance and adoption is function points, a user-oriented, nonsource line of code metric of the systems development product. Previous research has documented the degree of reliability of function points as a metric. This research extends that work by (a) identifying the major sources of variation through a survey of current practice, and (b) estimating the magnitude of the effect of these sources of variation using detailed case study data from commercial systems. The results of this research show that a relatively small number of factors has the greatest potential for affecting reliability, and recommendations are made for using these results to improve the reliability of function point counting in organizations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptation of the genetically tractable malaria pathogen <i>Plasmodium knowlesi</i> to continuous culture in human erythrocytes (2012)

Research into the aetiological agent of the most widespread form of severe malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, has benefitted enormously from the ability to culture and genetically manipulate blood-stage forms of the parasite in vitro. However, most malaria outside Africa is caused by a distinct Plasmodium species, Plasmodium vivax, and it has become increasingly apparent that zoonotic infection by the closely related simian parasite Plasmodium knowlesi is a frequent cause of life-threatening malaria in regions of southeast Asia. Neither of these important malarial species can be cultured in human cells in vitro, requiring access to primates with the associated ethical and practical constraints. We report the successful adaptation of P. knowlesi to continuous culture in human erythrocytes. Human-adapted P. knowlesi clones maintain their capacity to replicate in monkey erythrocytes and can be genetically modified with unprecedented efficiency, providing an important and unique model for studying conserved aspects of malarial biology as well as species-specific features of an emerging pathogen.