gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The management of probabilistic data (1992)

It is often desirable to represent in a database, entities whose properties cannot be deterministically classified. The authors develop a data model that includes probabilities associated with the values of the attributes. The notion of missing probabilities is introduced for partially specified probability distributions. This model offers a richer descriptive language allowing the database to more accurately reflect the uncertain real world. Probabilistic analogs to the basic relational operators are defined and their correctness is studied. A set of operators that have no counterpart in conventional relational systems is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microphthalmia‐Associated Transcription Factor (MITF) is Required but is Not Sufficient to Induce the Expression of Melanogenic Genes (2003)

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) plays a pivotal role in melanocyte survival and differentiation. Nevertheless, until now it has not been possible to show that MITF regulates the expression of the endogenous tyrosinase or Tyrp1. Further, a direct involvement of MITF in the regulation of melanin synthesis, a key parameter of melanocyte differentiation, remains to be demonstrated. In the present report, using recombinant adenovirus encoding the wild-type or a dominant negative form of MITF, as well as stable cell lines expressing tetracycline inducible wild-type MITF, we reassessed the role of MITF in melanocyte differentiation and in the regulation of melanin synthesis. Immunofluorescence studies, as well as Western blot analyses, show that infection of B16 mouse melanoma cells or human melanocytes with adenovirus encoding wild-type MITF does not increase the expression of the endogenous melanogenic enzymes. However, infection with the MITF dominant negative mutant inhibits the expression of endogenous tyrosinase and Tyrp1 proteins and blocks cAMP-induced melanin synthesis. Thus, MITF is required but does not seem to be sufficient to induce the expression of melanogenic enzymes and we show for the first time a direct involvement of MITF in the regulation of melanin pigment synthesis. As a whole, our data point to the existence of still unknown regulatory mechanisms that co-operate or synergize with MITF to control melanogenic gene expression and melanin synthesis. The identification of such mechanisms will greatly improve our understanding of the melanocyte differentiation processes.
Metric Measurements on a Plane from a Single Image (2006)

The past decade has seen considerable advances in the application of principles from projective geometry to problems in image analysis and computer vision. In this paper, we review a subset of this work, and leverage these results for the purpose of forensic analysis. Specifically, we review three techniques for making metric measurements on planar surfaces from a single image. The resulting techniques should prove useful in forensic settings where real-world measurements are required. 1 Figure 1: Shown on the left is the original image. Shown on the top right is a close-up of the license plate which is largely illegible. Shown in the bottom right is the result of planar rectification followed by histogram equalization. 1
Selective Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Phenylene Based π-Conjugated Polymers (2008)

Supramolecular interactions between a series of functionalized phenylene based pi-conjugated polymers and two types of as-produced single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) samples, namely HiPCO-NTs and CoMoCAT-NTs, were investigated by means of UV-Vis-NIR, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopic (AFM) analysis. In a non-polar organic solvent (chloroform), the effectiveness of these polymers in selectively dispersing different SWNT components according to electronic type, diameter, and chiral angle was examined and evaluated.
Effect of anode and size variations on the cathodic protection of mild steel in sea water and sulphuric acid (2011)

The performance of different sizes of zinc, and aluminium galvanic anodes on the cathodic protection of mild steel in seawater and 0.2 M sulphuric acid was evaluated at ambient temperature. The magnitude of corrosion protection by the galvanic anodes was observed by weight loss method,corrosion rate calculation and potential measurement technique. It was observed that the aluminium
anodes proved more effective as sacrificial anode for mild steel in seawater environment. In sulphuric acid environment, the zinc anode gave a more protective performance than aluminium anode. Potential measurement results obtained were found to correspond with the results obtained from weight loss method. For both environments, the effects of a varying cross-sectional area and the anode material on the cathodic protection of mild steel were examined
A study on similarity and relatedness using distributional and WordNet-based approaches (2009)

This paper presents and compares WordNet-based and distributional similarity approaches. The strengths and weaknesses of each approach regarding similarity and relatedness tasks are discussed, and a combination is presented. Each of our methods independently provide the best results in their class on the RG and WordSim353 datasets, and a supervised combination of them yields the best published results on all datasets. Finally, we pioneer cross-lingual similarity, showing that our methods are easily adapted for a cross-lingual task with minor losses.
Brief exposure of embryos to steroids or aromatase inhibitor induces sex reversal in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) (2014)

This study aimed to develop sex reversal procedures targeting the embryonic period as tools to study the early steps of sex differentiation in Nile tilapia with XX, XY, and YY sexual genotypes. XX eggs were exposed to masculinizing treatments with androgens (17α-methyltestosterone, 11-ketotestosterone) or aromatase inhibitor (Fadrozole), whereas XY and YY eggs were subjected to feminizing treatments with estrogen analog (17α-ethynylestradiol). All treatments consisted of a single or double 4-hr immersion applied between 1 and 36 hour post-fertilization (hpf). Concentrations of active substances were 1000 or 2000 μg l(-1) in XX and XY, and 2000 or 6500 μg l(-1) in YY. Masculinizing treatments of XX embryos achieved a maximal sex reversal rate of 10% with an exposure at 24 hpf to 1000 μg l(-1) of 11-ketotestosterone or to 2000 μg l(-1) of Fadrozole. Feminization of XY embryos was more efficient and induced up to 91% sex reversal with an exposure to 2000 μg l(-1) of 17α-ethynylestradiol. Interestingly, similar treatments failed to reverse YY fish to females, suggesting either that a sex determinant linked to the Y chromosome prevents the female pathway when present in two copies, or that a gene present on the X chromosome is needed for the development of a female phenotype.
Mechanism of T‐oligo‐induced cell cycle arrest in Mia‐Paca pancreatic cancer cells (2011)

DNA oligonucleotides with sequence homology to human telomeric DNA (T-oligo) induce cell cycle arrest, followed by apoptosis, senescence, or autophagy in a human cancer cell type-specific manner. T-oligo has potential as a new therapeutic strategy in oncology because of its ability to target certain types of tumor cells while sparing normal ones. In the present study, we demonstrate the T-oligo-induced S-phase cell cycle arrest in four pancreatic cancer cell lines. To further contribute to the mechanistic understanding of T-oligo, we also identify cyclin dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) as a functional mediator in the T-oligo-induced cell cycle arrest of pancreatic cancer cells. Ectopic expression of a constitutively active cdk2 mutant abrogates T-oligo-induced cell cycle arrest in these tumor cells while knockdown of cdk2 expression alone recapitulates the T-oligo effect. Finally, we demonstrate the dispensability of T-oligo-induced ATM/ATR-mediated DNA damage response-signaling pathways, which have long been considered functional in the T-oligo signaling mechanism.
Novel model for accurate calculation of hardenability and continuous cooling transformation (1991)

The development of an accurate, yet simple, transformation and hardenability model for general use in the heat treatment and steelmaking industries is described. An empirical approach is used, based on both continuous cooling transformation (CCT ) diagrams and hardenability literature. For this purpose, an equation is developed relating hardenability and the critical time requiredfor transformation during continuous cooling. Existing hardenability models and CCT diagrams are analysed to determine a correct mathematical structure for the hardenability multiplication factor equation. The multiplication factor for a fixed weight percentage of an alloying element X isfound to be strongly dependent on carbon content (in wt– %) according to the equation ℳ=(K%Cn)X, where K and n are constantsfor a specific alloying element. Best values of K and nfor the various alloying elements are determined. Very strong interactions (high values of |n) between the carbide forming elements and carbon are reported. The multiplication factors for the carbide forming elements increase exponentially with carbon content. The accuracy of the model proposed is compared with that of existing models, in which a constant carbon effect on ℳ had been assumed, for a wide range of both low and medium carbon steels, and it is shown that significant improvements in accuracy are obtained using the new model. This is attributed to the use of the improved harden ability multiplication factor equation, which reflects the variable influence of carbon content.MST/992
Switched Directional/Omnidirectional Antenna Module for Amplitude Monopulse Systems (2009)

An L-band switched directional/omnidirectional antenna module, consisting of a four-monopole antenna, a switched beamforming network (SBFN), a matching network, and an interface, is described. The antenna includes four folded monopoles, parasitic elements, a special base plate, a common capacitive top hat, and a radome. The special switched-line 0°/180° phase shifter of the switched beamforming network provides switching between the directional and the omnidirectional modes. The beamforming network (BFN) includes four 90° hybrids, connected with each other through four invertors. A practical application of this antenna module for aircraft amplitude monopulse systems is considered in this article. Over a frequency range of 10%, the experimental antenna module exhibited directional gain greater than +10 dBi, from 90° to 100° beamwidth, a return loss less than -13.0 dB, side/back lobe levels than -10.0 dB, and an rms bearing error of less than 2°.
A novel Love mode SAW sensor with ZnO layer operating in gas and liquid media (2002)

Novel layered Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensors, based on a ZnO/90/spl deg/ rotated ST-cut quartz crystal structure, were fabricated. They were employed as gravimetric sensor's for immunosensing applications and as SAW conductometric sensors for gas sensing applications. These sensors are able to sense oxygen gas concentrations as low as 0.2 ppm in nitrogen gas. Their mass detection limit in liquid media is as low as 100 pgr/cm/sup 2/.
Modeling Between-Study Heterogeneity for Improved Replicability in Gene Signature Selection and Clinical Prediction (2019)

In the genomic era, the identification of gene signatures associated with disease is of significant interest. Such signatures are often used to predict clinical outcomes in new patients and aid clinical decision-making. However, recent studies have shown that gene signatures are often not replicable. This occurrence has practical implications regarding the generalizability and clinical applicability of such signatures. To improve replicability, we introduce a novel approach to select gene signatures from multiple datasets whose effects are consistently non-zero and account for between-study heterogeneity. We build our model upon some rank-based quantities, facilitating integration over different genomic datasets. A high dimensional penalized Generalized Linear Mixed Model (pGLMM) is used to select gene signatures and address data heterogeneity. We compare our method to some commonly used strategies that select gene signatures ignoring between-study heterogeneity. We provide asymptotic results justifying the performance of our method and demonstrate its advantage in the presence of heterogeneity through thorough simulation studies. Lastly, we motivate our method through a case study subtyping pancreatic cancer patients from four gene expression studies.
Haemolipodialysis (1999)

Haemodialysis is associated with increased oxidant stress. This appears to be due to (1) an increased production of free radicals during haemodialysis, (2) a net reduction of many antioxidants and (3) factors intrinsic to the uremic state. These alterations can lead to cardiovascular disease and many of the pathologies associated with chronic renal failure. Haemolipodialysis (HLD) is a new haemodialytic technique aimed at reducing oxidant stress and removing hydrophobic or protein bound toxins. The technique uses dialysate containing ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and polyunsaturated unilamellar liposomes containing alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). The liposomes interact with blood components at the haemodialysis membrane without passage through the membrane. Vitamin C and vitamin E are added to the system to protect the cell and plasma components from reactive oxygen species produced from activated inflammatory cells. This technique may provide a new approach in preventing free radical-associated pathologies in chronic haemodialysis patients.
Demonstrating EnTracked a system for energy-efficient position tracking for mobile devices (2010)

An important feature of a modern mobile device is that it can position itself. Not only for use on the device but also for remote applications that require tracking of the device. To be useful, such position tracking has to be energy-efficient to avoid having a major impact on the battery life of the mobile device. To address this challenge we have build a system named EnTracked that, based on the estimation and prediction of system conditions and mobility, schedules position updates to both minimize energy consumption and optimize robustness. In this demonstration we would like to show how the system can lower the energy consumption and remain robust as pedestrians targets move around in the city center of Copenhagen.
Ionic surfactants soluble in hard water and in hydrocarbons: behavior of organized surfactant solutions as a function of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIonic surfactants soluble in hard water and in hydrocarbons: behavior of organized surfactant solutions as a function of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balanceKozo Shinoda, Masaki Maekawa, and Yutaka ShibataCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 7, 1228–1230Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100398a005https://doi.org/10.1021/j100398a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views271Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Concise and diversity-oriented synthesis of novel scaffolds embedded with privileged benzopyran motif (2006)

A branching DOS strategy for an unbiased natural product-like library with embedded privileged benzopyran motif was established to provide complexity and diversity of resulting heterocycles with desired drug-likeness. The importance of skeletal diversity conducted on a privileged substructure was demonstrated through the biological evaluation of a small molecule library representing 22 unique core skeletons via in vitro cytotoxicity assay.
The nonlinear optics of plasmas (1990)

It is well known that plasmas exhibit many of the characteristics of a non-linear optical medium when intense electromagnetic waves are incident upon it. These include harmonic generation, simulated Brillouin and Raman scattering, degenerate and resonant four wave mixing, self-focusing and parametric amplification. In addition, plasmas demonstrate certain unique nonlinear phenomena such as nonlinear mode conversion, two plasmon decay and relativistic self-focusing. The nonlinear optics of plasmas is therefore at once both challenging and rich for an experimentalist. It is challenging because many of the nonlinear optical phenomena occur simultaneously in a plasma. Also, when the plasma modes, characteristic of many of these instabilities, become large, kinetic effects and wave-wave interactions become extremely important. On the other hand, the plasma medium can be directly probed using coherent Thomson scattering technique revealing the richness of the physics. Experiments carried out by the author and his collaborators over the past decade are summarized and future directions for this field outlined in this paper.
Imaging Characteristics of Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2011)

Recent advances in retinal imaging have improved our understanding of the characteristics and prognostication of dry AMD, with an increasing role for multimodal imaging and image correlations. The potential future role of hyperspectral imaging in dry AMD is also presented herein.
Enantioselective Mannich Reactions with the Practical Proline Mimetic <i>N</i>-(<i>p</i>-Dodecylphenyl-sulfonyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamide (2009)

A highly enantioselective and diastereoselective protocol for performing Mannich reactions has been developed by using a p-dodecylphenylsulfonamide-based proline catalyst. This catalyst facilitates the use of common, nonpolar solvents and increased concentrations as compared to alternative methods. A series of syn-selective Mannich reactions is reported, including the rapid access of alpha- and beta-amino acids surrogates. The use of the industrially attractive nonpolar solvents, such as 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran, is also demonstrated.
Photodynamic therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative in cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract (1985)

An historical overview is given of the development of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with hematoporphyrin derivative for the treatment of malignant tumors. Results in patients with superficial, and non-superficial esophageal cancer and with early gastric cancer is described, with case illustrations and follow-up. Due to the difficulty in early stage diagnoses and in determining all cases of lymph node involvement, this form of treatment should be employed primarily in inoperable early-stage cancer, to reduce the extent of resection, or to render previously inoperable cases operable. Combination with other treatment modalities and the effects of PDT on histologically different tumor types, need to be further examined.
Solid self-nanoemulsifying cyclosporin A pellets prepared by fluid-bed coating: preparation, characterization and in vitro redispersibility (2011)

It is concluded that fluid-bed coating is a new technique with considerable potential for preparation of pellet-based solid SNEDDS formulations.
Sparse Dynamic Programming for Evolutionary-Tree Comparison (1997)

Constructing evolutionary trees for species sets is a fundamental problem in biology. Unfortunately, there is no single agreed upon method for this task, and many methods are in use. Current practice dictates that trees be constructed using different methods and that the resulting trees should be compared for consensus. It has become necessary to automate this process as the number of species under consideration has grown. We study one formalization of the problem: the maximum agreement-subtree $($\MAST$)$ problem. The $\MAST$ problem is as follows: given a set A and two rooted trees $\cT_0$ and $\cT_1$ leaf-labeled by the elements of A, find a maximum-cardinality subset B of A such that the topological restrictions of $\cT_0$ and $\cT_1$ to B are isomorphic. In this paper, we will show that this problem reduces to unary weighted bipartite matching ($\UWBM$) with an $O(n^{1+o(1)})$ additive overhead. We also show that $\UWBM$ reduces linearly to $\MAST$. Thus our algorithm is optimal unless $\UWBM$ can be solved in near linear time. The overall running time of our algorithm is $O(n^{1.5} \log n)$, improving on the previous best algorithm, which runs in $O(n^2)$. We also derive an $O(n c^{\sqrt{\log n}})$-time algorithm for the case of bounded degrees, whereas the previously best algorithm runs in $O(n^2),$ as in the unbounded case.
Marinos canarios integrados en la Armada Real. Pruebas de ingreso de los guardias marinas conservadas en el Archivo de la Armada en El Viso del Marqués (Ciudad Real) (2000)

Marinos canarios integrados en la Armada Real. Pruebas de ingreso de los Guardias Marinas conservadas en el Archivo de la Armada en El Viso del Marques (Ciudad Real) (Conclusion)
Artificial photosynthetic reaction centers coupled to light-harvesting antennas (2011)

We analyze a theoretical model for energy and electron transfer in an artificial photosynthetic system. The photosystem consists of a molecular triad (i.e., with a donor, a photosensitive unit, and an acceptor) coupled to four accessory light-harvesting-antenna pigments. The resonant energy transfer from the antennas to the artificial reaction center (the molecular triad) is described here by the Förster mechanism. We consider two different kinds of arrangements of the accessory light-harvesting pigments around the reaction center. The first arrangement allows direct excitation transfer to the reaction center from all the surrounding pigments. The second configuration transmits energy via a cascade mechanism along a chain of light-harvesting chromophores, where only one chromophore is connected to the reaction center. We show that the artificial photosynthetic system using the cascade energy transfer absorbs photons in a broader wavelength range and converts their energy into electricity with a higher efficiency than the system based on direct couplings between all the antenna chromophores and the reaction center.