gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Packet-Scale Congestion Control Paradigm (2016)

This paper presents the packet-scale paradigm for designing end-to-end congestion control protocols for ultra-high speed networks. The paradigm discards the legacy framework of RTT-scale protocols, and instead builds upon two revolutionary foundations-that of continually probing for available bandwidth at short timescales, and that of adapting the data sending rate so as to avoid overloading the network. Through experimental evaluations with a prototype, we report high performance gains along several dimensions in high-speed networks-the steady-state throughput, adaptability to dynamic cross-traffic, RTT-fairness, and co-existence with the conventional TCP traffic mixes. The paradigm also opens up several issues that are less of a concern for traditional protocols-we summarize our approaches for addressing these.
The Korean Economy (2007)

The Korean Economy examines how Koreaâ€™s inward FDI-led globalization, particularly since the financial crisis of 1997, has been experienced, understood, managed and often strongly resisted in various economic, social and cultural domains. It is an in-depth analysis combining perspectives from politics and economics, examining a number of grievances as seen through the eyes of actual foreign investors operating in Korea. The authors argue that it is precisely these obstacles that need to be addressed if Korea is to live up to its full potential in terms of becoming a truly attractive magnet for FDI and comprehensively integrating into the global economy. The authors make a convincing case that the challenges Korea currently faces are by no means limited to institutional and policy reforms, but rather are entrenched in an anti-globalization mindset shared by all sectors of society.
Prospective cohort study of retinal vessel diameters and risk of hypertension (2004)

Narrowed retinal arterioles are associated with long term risk of hypertension, suggesting that structural alterations of the microvasculature may be linked to the development of hypertension.
Concise Synthesis of Enantiopure α-Trifluoromethyl Alanines, Diamines, and Amino Alcohols via the Strecker-type Reaction (2006)

Diastereomerically pure alpha-trifluoromethyl alpha-amino nitriles obtained by Strecker-type reactions from chiral CF3 imines and iminium proved to be very attractive versatile intermediates for the synthesis of various alpha-trifluoromethyl amino compounds. From these synthons, both enantiomers of alpha-trifluoromethyl alanine, trifluoromethyl 1,2-diamines, and amino alcohols were conveniently obtained in enantiopure form in high yields in a few steps.
Selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene on platinum–copper alloys at the single-atom limit (2015)

Platinum is ubiquitous in the production sectors of chemicals and fuels; however, its scarcity in nature and high price will limit future proliferation of platinum-catalysed reactions. One promising approach to conserve platinum involves understanding the smallest number of platinum atoms needed to catalyse a reaction, then designing catalysts with the minimal platinum ensembles. Here we design and test a new generation of platinum-copper nanoparticle catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene,, an industrially important reaction. Isolated platinum atom geometries enable hydrogen activation and spillover but are incapable of C-C bond scission that leads to loss of selectivity and catalyst deactivation. γ-Alumina-supported single-atom alloy nanoparticle catalysts with <1 platinum atom per 100 copper atoms are found to exhibit high activity and selectivity for butadiene hydrogenation to butenes under mild conditions, demonstrating transferability from the model study to the catalytic reaction under practical conditions.
Digital signal processing for equalization of fiber nonlinearity in coherent receivers (2012)

Fiber nonlinearity severely restricts the transmission of high-rate signals with complex constellations. In a coherent receiver, digital back-propagation is effective in reducing the channel memory, and maximum-likelihood detection mitigates any residual inter-symbol interference.
Solder joint reliability modeling for a 540-I/O plastic ball-grid-array assembly (2002)

A three-dimensional finite element model has been developed to study the effects of solder volume and pad size on the reliability of a 540-I/O plastic ball grid array (PBGA) assembly. The model consisted of four parts: solder joint profile model, global model for the PBGA assembly, local model for the single solder joint, and solder joint fatigue life calculation. A submodeling technique was used to transfer the displacements to the local model for a detailed analysis under thermal cycling conditions. By using this model, the effects of solder volume and pad size on the fatigue life of BGA solder joints have been studied. With different volumes or pad sizes, the fatigue life could change from 1800 to 15000 thermal cycles. Since the fatigue life of this PBGA assembly was dominated by local mismatch in most cases, short joints could have longer fatigue lives than those with long joints. In addition, the effect of pad size on fatigue was also increased from second order to a higher order relationship. Such uncommon conclusions resulted from strong coupling effects of solder joint shape, global mismatch, and local mismatch.
A 9b 100MS/s 1.46mW SAR ADC in 65nm CMOS (2009)

A 9 b 100 MS/s successive approximation register (SAR) ADC has been implemented in 65 nm CMOS, with an active area of 0.012 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A tri-level based charge redistribution technique improves DAC switching energy efficiency and settling time, which is achieved by connecting bottom plates of differential capacitor arrays. The ADC achieves an SNDR of 53.1 dB (8.53 ENOB) and consumes 1.46 mW from a 1.2 V supply, resulting in an FOM of 39 fJ/conversion-step.
Physiology and pathophysiology of the vasopressin-regulated renal water reabsorption (2008)

To prevent dehydration, terrestrial animals and humans have developed a sensitive and versatile system to maintain their water homeostasis. In states of hypernatremia or hypovolemia, the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (AVP) is released from the pituitary and binds its type-2 receptor in renal principal cells. This triggers an intracellular cAMP signaling cascade, which phosphorylates aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and targets the channel to the apical plasma membrane. Driven by an osmotic gradient, pro-urinary water then passes the membrane through AQP2 and leaves the cell on the basolateral side via AQP3 and AQP4 water channels. When water homeostasis is restored, AVP levels decline, and AQP2 is internalized from the plasma membrane, leaving the plasma membrane watertight again. The action of AVP is counterbalanced by several hormones like prostaglandin E2, bradykinin, dopamine, endothelin-1, acetylcholine, epidermal growth factor, and purines. Moreover, AQP2 is strongly involved in the pathophysiology of disorders characterized by renal concentrating defects, as well as conditions associated with severe water retention. This review focuses on our recent increase in understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying AVP-regulated renal water transport in both health and disease.
Roles of Thioredoxin Reductase during the Aerobic Life of <i>Lactococcus</i> <i>lactis</i> (2005)

Thiol-disulfide bond balance is generally maintained in bacteria by thioredoxin reductase-thioredoxin and/or glutathione-glutaredoxin systems. Some gram-positive bacteria, including Lactococcus lactis, do not produce glutathione, and the thioredoxin system is presumed to be essential. We constructed an L. lactis trxB1 mutant. The mutant was obtained under anaerobic conditions in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT). Unexpectedly, the trxB1 mutant was viable without DTT and under aerated static conditions, thus disproving the essentiality of this system. Aerobic growth of the trxB1 mutant did not require glutathione, also ruling out the need for this redox maintenance system. Proteomic analyses showed that known oxidative stress defense proteins are induced in the trxB1 mutant. Two additional effects of trxB1 were not previously reported in other bacteria: (i) induction of proteins involved in fatty acid or menaquinone biosynthesis, indicating that membrane synthesis is part of the cellular response to a redox imbalance, and (ii) alteration of the isoforms of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapB). We determined that the two GapB isoforms in L. lactis differed by the oxidation state of catalytic-site cysteine C152. Unexpectedly, a decrease specific to the oxidized, inactive form was observed in the trxB1 mutant, possibly because of proteolysis of oxidized GapB. This study showed that thioredoxin reductase is not essential in L. lactis and that its inactivation triggers induction of several mechanisms acting at the membrane and metabolic levels. The existence of a novel redox function that compensates for trxB1 deficiency is suggested.
Translocation to the Periplasm and Signal Sequence Cleavage of Preapocytochrome <i>c</i> Depend on <i>Sec</i> and <i>Lep</i>, but not on the <i>ccm</i> gene products (1997)

Post-translational maturation of soluble cytochrome c includes translocation of the precursor polypeptide and heme through the cytoplasmic membrane, proteolytic cleavage of the signal sequence, and covalent attachment of heme. Specific genes for cytochrome c maturation (ccmABCDEFGH in Escherichia coli) are required for holocytochrome c formation, among them genes encoding an ABC transporter (ccmABC). We investigated the requirements of apocytochrome translocation to the periplasm and characterized specific intermediates of the cytochrome c maturation pathway. Apocytochrome precursor was present in the membrane fraction. Translocation of the polypeptide was independent of ccm gene products, but dependent on a functional secretion machinery, as shown by accumulation of preapocytochrome c in the membranes of secA and secY mutants. After translocation, cleavage of the signal sequence allowed the release of apocytochrome into the periplasm, where heme was bound in a ccm-dependent manner. By contrast, non-cleaved holocytochrome c containing covalently bound heme accumulated in the membranes of a lepB mutant, which indicated that signal sequence cleavage and heme attachment are independent steps in the cytochrome c maturation pathway.
Ir-CPI, a coagulation contact phase inhibitor from the tick <i>Ixodes ricinus</i>, inhibits thrombus formation without impairing hemostasis (2009)

Blood coagulation starts immediately after damage to the vascular endothelium. This system is essential for minimizing blood loss from an injured blood vessel but also contributes to vascular thrombosis. Although it has long been thought that the intrinsic coagulation pathway is not important for clotting in vivo, recent data obtained with genetically altered mice indicate that contact phase proteins seem to be essential for thrombus formation. We show that recombinant Ixodes ricinus contact phase inhibitor (Ir-CPI), a Kunitz-type protein expressed by the salivary glands of the tick Ixodes ricinus, specifically interacts with activated human contact phase factors (FXIIa, FXIa, and kallikrein) and prolongs the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in vitro. The effects of Ir-CPI were also examined in vivo using both venous and arterial thrombosis models. Intravenous administration of Ir-CPI in rats and mice caused a dose-dependent reduction in venous thrombus formation and revealed a defect in the formation of arterial occlusive thrombi. Moreover, mice injected with Ir-CPI are protected against collagen- and epinephrine-induced thromboembolism. Remarkably, the effective antithrombotic dose of Ir-CPI did not promote bleeding or impair blood coagulation parameters. To conclude, our results show that a contact phase inhibitor is an effective and safe antithrombotic agent in vivo.
Two-dimensional photonic crystal hexagonal waveguide ring laser (2002)

Hexagonal ring-type resonators defined by two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides are proposed and demonstrated. Lasing actions are observed from the photonic crystal ring resonator patterned on a free-standing slab with InGaAsP active layers emitting near 1.55 μm. For a ring resonator with 8-μm diameter, the threshold peak pump power is ∼3 mW. The quality factor of the ring resonator mode estimated from below-threshold linewidth shows that the sum of the propagation loss and the bending loss of the photonic crystal ring resonator is less than ∼260 cm−1. The photonic crystal ring resonators can be used for the characterization of the optical losses in photonic crystal waveguides.
Improved principal component analysis of noisy data (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved principal component analysis of noisy dataMartin J. Fay, Andrew. Proctor, Douglas P. Hoffmann, and David M. HerculesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 11, 1058–1063Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00011a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00011a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Histogram models for robust portfolio optimization (2007)

We present experimental results on portfolio optimization problems with return errors under the robust optimization framework.We use a histogramlike model for return deviations and a model that allows correlation among errors, together with a cutting-plane algorithm which proves effective for large, real-life data sets.
One- and Two-Photon Spectra of Platinum Acetylide Chromophores: A TDDFT Study (2009)

We report one- (OPA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) excitation energies and cross-sections for a series of platinum acetylides using time-dependent density functional theory. Because of the facile rotations of the trimethylphosphinyl and phenylene groups, we apply a Boltzmann-weighted average over thermally accessible conformations to obtain the final spectra, resulting in better agreement with experimental observations. We examine various basis sets and functionals to evaluate their performance in the gas-phase and in solution. Effects of donor and acceptor groups on the OPA and TPA resonances and intensities are also discussed.
Multiple-output resonant matrix converter for multiple-inductive-load systems (2011)

Most of the ac-ac converters used in home-appliances are based on single-output dc-link inverters, which provides a cost-effective and straight-forward solution. However, this two-stage power conversion decreases power density and efficiency. Direct ac-ac conversion has been thoroughly studied in the past. However, the complex control scheme and higher cost has prevented it from being used in low-cost applications, such as home appliances. This paper proposes the direct ac-ac conversion by means of a multiple-output resonant matrix converter applied to multiple-inductive load systems. The proposed topology reduces significantly the number of devices and complexity, leading to an efficient, versatile and cost-effective solution. The analytical and simulation results have been verified by means of a prototype applied to a novel total-active-surface induction heating appliance.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is as effective as fluoxetine in the treatment of depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (2004)

rTMS has the same antidepressant efficacy as fluoxetine and may have the additional advantage of some motor improvement and earlier cognitive improvement, with fewer adverse effects.
Evaluation of Four Designed Virtual Agent Personalities (2011)

Convincing conversational agents require a coherent set of behavioral responses that can be interpreted by a human observer as indicative of a personality. This paper discusses the continued development and subsequent evaluation of virtual agents based on sound psychological principles. We use Eysenck's theoretical basis to explain aspects of the characterization of our agents, and we describe an architecture where personality affects the agent's global behavior quality as well as their back-channel productions. Drawing on psychological research, we evaluate perception of our agents' personalities and credibility by human viewers (N = 187). Our results suggest that we succeeded in validating theoretically grounded indicators of personality in our virtual agents, and that it is feasible to place our characters on Eysenck's scales. A key finding is that the presence of behavioral characteristics reinforces the prescribed personality profiles that are already emerging from the still images. Our long-term goal is to enhance agents' ability to sustain realistic interaction with human users, and we discuss how this preliminary work may be further developed to include more systematic variation of Eysenck's personality scales.
P2P locality awareness architecture in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (2013)

The P2P lives streaming nowadays becomes more popular and begins to take a larger share of bandwidth together with the Internet video calling. Furthermore, a large scale peer-to-peer (P2P) live streaming has recently been successfully and commercially deployed to provide either live streaming or on-demand video streaming. Cisco predicts that 60% of video traffic worldwide will be consumed by these P2P applications in 2015, which is enough to make any Internet Service Provider (ISP) straitened. In particular, the major challenge that has received significant attention is that many network oblivious P2P applications without locality awareness of ISP boundaries that lead to inefficient Internet resource utilization due to the Inter-ISP traffic cost. Consequently, we propose P2P locality awareness architecture in Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) that mitigates Inter-ISP traffic by optimizing peering locality for P2P live streaming. We design mechanisms in ONU. These mechanisms can reduce inefficient Internet resource utilization at the server sides and improve each peer QoS.
Serotonin and treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. (1989)

Recognized since the Middle Ages, and clearly described for more than 100 years, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) continues to intrigue and challenge mental health professionals. Recent evidence has implicated dysfunctional serotonergic neurotransmission in OCD. This review summarizes the evidence favoring a serotonergic hypothesis for OCD followed by a more detailed discussion of the implications the hypothesis holds for treatment.
Ion cyclotron resonance signal‐detection at multiples of the cyclotron frequency (1990)

Abstract A Fourier‐transform mass spectrometric technique for detecting ion cyclotron resonance signals at multiple cyclotron frequencies is proposed and initial experimental results are presented. The technique is readily adapted to existing instruments.
Alkaline pulping : deadload reduction studies in chemical recovery system (2004)

The kraft pulping process has been known for decades. The focus in kraft pulping has always been on better operation of the chemical recovery system. One of the targets is on deadload (sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)) reduction in white liquor. A model based on several literature references was developed to study the effect of deadload reduction. A base model was developed based on current mill operation. This base model was compared to the deadload reduction model. Overall improvement, such as operating cost saving and revenue generation was achieved from deadload reduction. Operating cost saving involves less deadload chemical in chemical recovery system, and less water that was associated with the deadload itself. Revenue generation involves generating more steam and heat from the recovery boiler that can be used for mill purposes or energy revenue. Two important variables to achieve deadload reduction are causticizing efficiency and reduction efficiency.
Suppression in vivo of human papillomavirus type 18 E6-E7 gene expression in nontumorigenic HeLa X fibroblast hybrid cells (1990)

The E6 and E7 genes of the cancer-associated human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 (HPV16) and 18 (HPV18) can induce cell immortalization in vitro in normal human keratinocytes. This, however, is not associated with tumorigenicity in vivo. On the other hand, tumorigenicity of HPV18-positive HeLa cervical carcinoma cells can be suppressed by fusion of HeLa cells with normal human keratinocytes or fibroblasts. We have addressed the question of whether suppression of tumorigenicity in HeLa x fibroblast hybrid cells might be due to a reduced ability of these cells to express the HPV18 E6-E7 genes in vivo. Nontumorigenic hybrid cells and tumorigenic hybrid segregants were transplanted as organotypical cultures or injected subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice and were analyzed for HPV18 E6-E7 gene expression by RNA-RNA in situ hybridization. The tumorigenic hybrid cells showed a continuous and invasive growth that was associated with high levels of HPV18 E6-E7 mRNAs at all time points examined. In contrast, the nontumorigenic hybrid cells stopped cell proliferation approximately 3 days after transplantation. At this time they expressed the E6-E7 genes at low levels, whereas at day 2 high expression levels were observed. However, the mRNA levels of the cytoskeletal genes beta-actin and vimentin remained high for at least 14 days, demonstrating that inhibition of growth and of HPV18 E6-E7 gene expression was not due to cell death. These results suggest that growth inhibition of the nontumorigenic HeLa x fibroblast hybrid cells in vivo might be caused by suppression of HPV18 E6-E7 gene expression and are compatible with the idea of an intracellular surveillance mechanism for HPV gene expression existing in nontumorigenic cells.
Microglial EP2 as a New Target to Increase Amyloid β Phagocytosis and Decrease Amyloid β-Induced Damage to Neurons (2006)

Epidemiologic and animal model data support a role for the prostaglandin pathway in AD pathogenesis. However, unexpected toxicity from protracted use of some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) compels investigation of therapeutic targets in this pathway other than COX inhibitors. Previously, we have shown that mice lacking one specific receptor for PGE2, EP2 (EP2-/-), are protected from the indirect neurotoxic effects of cerebral innate immune response mediated by CD14-dependent activation. Here we review data showing that EP2-/- microglia have a highly desirable combination of features: ablated indirect neurotoxicity following exposure to Abeta(1-42) coupled with enhanced phagocytosis of Abeta peptides, both synthetic and those deposited in human brain. These data point to microglial EP2 as a more focused target within the PG pathway for therapy in AD.