gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ as a Potential Therapeutic Target in the Treatment of Preeclampsia (2011)

Preeclampsia is a multisystemic disorder of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and maternal endothelial dysfunction. It is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality and is thought to be attributable, in part, to inadequate trophoblast invasion. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor expressed in trophoblasts, and the vasculature of which activation has been shown to improve endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in hypertensive conditions. We investigated the effects of the administration of a PPAR-γ agonist using the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia. The selective PPAR-γ agonist, rosiglitazone, was administered to pregnant rats that had undergone RUPP surgery. To investigate whether any observed beneficial effects of PPAR-γ activation were mediated by the antioxidant enzyme, heme oxygenase 1, rosiglitazone was administered in combination with the heme oxygenase 1 inhibitor tin-protoporphyrin IX. RUPP rats were characterized by hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and elevated microalbumin:creatinine ratios. Rosiglitazone administration ameliorated hypertension, improved vascular function, and reduced the elevated microalbumin:creatinine ratio in RUPP rats. With the exception of microalbumin:creatinine ratio, these beneficial effects were abrogated in the presence of the heme oxygenase 1 inhibitor. Administration of a PPAR-γ agonist prevented the development of several of the pathophysiological characteristics associated with the RUPP model of preeclampsia, via a heme oxygenase 1-dependent pathway. The findings from this study provide further insight into the underlying etiology of preeclampsia and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of preeclampsia.
Methane Activation and Oxidation in Sulfuric Acid (2002)

The H/D exchange observed when methane is contacted with D(2)SO(4) at 270-330 degrees C shows that the alkane behaves as a sigma base and undergoes rapid and reversible protonation at this temperature. DFT studies of the hydrogen exchange between a monomer and a dimer of sulfuric acid and methane show that the transition states involved in the exchange are bifunctional, that is one hydrogen atom is transferred from a hydroxy group in sulfuric acid to methane, while one hydrogen atom is abstracted from methane by a non-hydroxy oxygen atom in sulfuric acid. All the transition states include a CH(5) moiety, which shows similarities to the methanium ion CH(5) (+). The calculated potential activation energy of the hydrogen exchange for the monomer is 174 kJ mol(-1), which is close to the experimental value (176 kJ mol(-1)). Solvation of the monomer and the transition state of the monomer with an extra sulfuric acid molecule, decrease the potential activation energy by 6 kJ mol(-1). The acid-base process is in competition, however, with an oxidative process involving methane and sulfuric acid which leads to CO(2), SO(2), and water, and thus to a decrease of acidity and loss of reactivity of the medium.
Convex lens-induced nanoscale templating (2014)

We demonstrate a new platform, convex lens-induced nanoscale templating (CLINT), for dynamic manipulation and trapping of single DNA molecules. In the CLINT technique, the curved surface of a convex lens is used to deform a flexible coverslip above a substrate containing embedded nanotopography, creating a nanoscale gap that can be adjusted during an experiment to confine molecules within the embedded nanostructures. Critically, CLINT has the capability of transforming a macroscale flow cell into a nanofluidic device without the need for permanent direct bonding, thus simplifying sample loading, providing greater accessibility of the surface for functionalization, and enabling dynamic manipulation of confinement during device operation. Moreover, as DNA molecules present in the gap are driven into the embedded topography from above, CLINT eliminates the need for the high pressures or electric fields required to load DNA into direct-bonded nanofluidic devices. To demonstrate the versatility of CLINT, we confine DNA to nanogroove and nanopit structures, demonstrating DNA nanochannel-based stretching, denaturation mapping, and partitioning/trapping of single molecules in multiple embedded cavities. In particular, using ionic strengths that are in line with typical biological buffers, we have successfully extended DNA in sub-30-nm nanochannels, achieving high stretching (90%) that is in good agreement with Odijk deflection theory, and we have mapped genomic features using denaturation analysis.
Management of Patients at High Risk for Breast Cancer (2002)

Management of Patients at High Risk for Breast Cancer, edited by Victor G. Vogel, MD, is designed for all physicians involved in breast cancer risk assessment and prevention. It does not assume a baseline familiarity with cancer risk
Screening for resistance in apple cultivars to lightbrown apple moth, <i>Epiphyas postvittana</i>, and greenheaded leafroller, <i>Planotortrix octo</i>, and its relationship to field damage (2003)

Abstract The mature leaves of 38 apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) (Rosaceae) cultivars were screened for resistance to laboratory colonies of Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) and Planotortrix octo Dugdale (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by measuring larval survival and development rate, and pupal weight, in no‐choice laboratory bioassays in early summer. There were few cultivar effects on larval mortality but Nevis 1, A40R04T119, and ‘Sir Prize’ reduced survival of E. postvittana . Effects on development time and weight were correlated, and were integrated into a single measure of resistance R c . R c varied greatly between cultivars for both leafroller species, and identified 15 and 11 cultivars with partial resistance to E. postvittana and P. octo , respectively. A further experiment with three of the cultivars in midsummer, using the laboratory colonies in comparison with new colonies (from field collected larvae), produced similar results for E. postvittana , but there was no survival of new colony P. octo larvae on two cultivars. These results for P. octo are consistent with other recent research showing extreme cultivar resistance and critical colony and seasonal influences. A series of 4‐year field trials with the 38 cultivars showed poor correlation between laboratory and field resistance for the dominant leafroller species in the field, E. postvittana . The combined data, however, identified ‘Red Dougherty’, ‘Sir Prize’, and A40R04T119 as potentially useful in breeding for resistance to this species. The implications of these findings for integrated pest management (IPM) programmes and for the breeding of leafroller‐resistant apple cultivars are discussed.
Applications of femtosecond laser induced self‐organized planar nanocracks inside fused silica glass (2008)

Abstract We review our recent experimental efforts towards developing photonic and biophotonic applications of femtosecond laser induced self‐organized planar nanocracks inside fused silica glass. Our results show that sub‐diffraction limited, periodic, planar cracks can be produced, organized, erased and rewritten and basically controlled inside fused silica glass where they can be diagnosed optically using form birefringence. The high degree of control over these self‐replicated periodic structures allows us to investigate applications in micro‐ and nanofluidics, porous capillaries for biofiltering and rewritable data storage for harsh environments.
Electrochemical lithiation performance and characterization of silicon–graphite composites with lithium, sodium, potassium, and ammonium polyacrylate binders (2015)

Poly(acrylic acid) (PAH), which is a water soluble polycarboxylic acid, is neutralized by adding different amounts of LiOH, NaOH, KOH, and ammonia (NH4OH) aqueous solutions to fix neutralization degrees. The differently neutralized polyacid, alkali and ammonium polyacrylates are examined as polymeric binders for the preparation of Si-graphite composite electrodes as negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries. The electrode performance of the Si-graphite composite depends on the alkali chemicals and neutralization degree. It is found that 80% NaOH-neutralized polyacrylate binder (a pH value of the resultant aqueous solution is ca. 6.7) is the most efficient binder to enhance the electrochemical lithiation and de-lithiation performance of the Si-graphite composite electrode compared to that of conventional PVdF and the other binders used in this study. The optimum polyacrylate binder highly improves the dispersion of active material in the composite electrode. The binder also provides the strong adhesion, suitable porosity, and hardness for the composite electrode with 10% (m/m) binder content, resulting in better electrochemical reversibility. From these results, the factors of alkali-neutralized polyacrylate binders affecting the electrode performance of Si-graphite composite electrodes are discussed.
Monolithic integration of a 94 GHz AlGaAs/GaAs 2-DEG mixer on quartz substrate by epitaxial lift-off (1997)

In this paper, we report the integration of an AlGaAs/GaAs two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) bolometric mixer and a quartz-based microstrip circuit using the epitaxial lift-off (ELO) technique. The 1 /spl mu/m thick high-mobility 2-DEG device transplanted on quartz showed no sign of degradation resulting from the ELO process. The 2-DEG mixer fabrication procedure demonstrated here is advantageous for its simplicity and uncritical choice of substrate. We obtained a minimum intrinsic conversion loss of 17 dB at 94 GHz at liquid nitrogen temperature. The measured IF bandwidth of the mixer was greater than 3 GHz.
A fault model and a test method for analog fuzzy logic circuits (2002)

Analog circuit implementations of fuzzy logic are characterized by performing logical connectives of analog signals. They can be considered as generalization of digital circuits to a range of logical values, thus forming a special class of analog circuits. The idea of this work is to exploit this relationship for testing. For fault modeling the behavior of faulty fuzzy gates is investigated through simulations of transistor-level failures such as shorts and opens. The deviation fault model is employed on the level of the fuzzy gates and the failures are mapped onto model faults. The resulting deviation fault sets for the fuzzy gates show a close correspondence to the collapsed stuck fault sets for the Boolean gates and, hence, the circuits can be tested with binary patterns. A slightly modified five-valued logic which allows for the analog test responses makes possible the use of the test methods for digital circuits. For practical application the use of a digital ATE and BIST by simple on-chip hardware are sketched.
Performance Enhancement of a TH-PPM UWB System Using a Near-Interference Erasure Scheme (2006)

In this paper, we mathematically analyze the performance of a near-interference erasure scheme for TH-PPM UWB systems and derive an equation for an optimum threshold which minimizes the bit error rate (BER). We also apply the optimum threshold derived mathematically to practical TH-PPM UWB systems and investigate the effect of the threshold on the system performance. Finally, we compare the BER performance obtained by the mathematical analysis with that of computer simulation
Assessment of THz Performance for a Lateral SiGe HBT on SOI With a Laterally Graded Base (2018)

This paper presents a simulation-based assessment of the design, characteristics, and feasibility of a lateral SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor with a graded base on a silicon on insulator. A device was created with a focus on integration with the CMOS process, THz f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> , and low-power dissipation. These characteristics are achieved with an ultrathin base width of 22 nm, grading of the base, and modification of standard doping profiles. In TCAD simulations, the n-p-n device has a unity gain cutoff frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) of 1.2 THz and maximum oscillation frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) of 2 THz. The p-n-p of the same design has f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> of 900 GHz and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 1.8 THz. Additional Monte Carlo plots that show electron velocity and carrier densities across the length of the device, and a discussion on ballistic effects in the proposed devices are presented. To demonstrate the feasibility of the device, a possible process flow for fabrication is also summarized.
Biomass estimation on grazed and ungrazed rangelands using spectral indices (1998)

Aboveground biomass was estimated on the shortgrass steppe of Eastern Colorado using Landsat TM Tasseled Cap green vegetation index (GVI), brightness index (BI), and wetness index (WI), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the red waveband (RED), for two grazing treatments (moderately grazed or ungrazed). Field measurements of standing crop were obtained on six sites per grazing treatment. Ordinary least squares regression models of biomass as a function of one or more indices were tested for grazed, ungrazed, and combined grazed and ungrazed data. Biomass from grazed sites was linearly related to GVI, NDVI, WI, and RED indices (R2 0.62-0.67). Ungrazed sites produced no significant relations. With combined ungrazed and grazed data, biomass was not significantly related to GVI, NDVI, WI, or BI, and was poorly related to the RED index (R2 0.35). When grazing treatments were treated as dummy variables for the combined data, the RED index was moderately related to biomass (R2 0.70). These results suggest that information about grazing utilization is useful for estimating aboveground biomass in rangelands. The RED index appears to be sensitive to biomass variations for green vegetation and to a lesser extent dry or senescent vegetation when relatively bright soil backgrounds are present which is often the case for semi-arid environments such as the shortgrass steppe.
Biosynthesis, Post-translation Modification, and Functional Characterization of Drm/Gremlin (2000)

Down-regulated bymos (Drm)/Gremlin is a highly conserved protein whose properties and expression pattern suggest a role in early development, tissue-specific differentiation, and cell transformation. We have investigated the biosynthesis and processing of Drm expressed endogenously in rat fibroblasts or overexpressed following transient or stable transfection. Analysis of metabolically labeled cells revealed that Drm exists in secreted and cell-associated forms that exhibit similar mobilities in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protein analysis indicated that Drm is present in two major species: a slow migrating glycosylated form and a nonglycosylated form. Both forms of Drm are able to undergo phosphorylation. Drm is released into the media within 30 min of synthesis and is detectable for up to 4–5 h, whereas the cell-associated form has a half-life of about 1 h. Confocal immunofluorescent microscopy indicates that Drm is present both on the external surface of expressing cells, as well as within the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms of Drm exhibit identical distributions and are able to antagonize bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Like the soluble form, the cell-associated forms are capable of binding<sup>125</sup>I-bone morphogenetic protein-4. These properties are consistent with a role for Drm in interfering with signaling and indicate that Drm may act at the cell surface during tissue development and transformation.
Victory By Surrender: The Voting Rights Amendments of 1982 and The Civil Rights Act of 1991 (1992)

The Civil Rights Act of 1991 and the Voting Rights Amendments of 1982 stand as the two most significant pieces of civil rights legislation of the past ten years. Like their predecessors, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, they are cornerstones of the movement to achieve equality through the law. In an era when increasing numbers of strategists and academics have encouraged civil rights advocates to take their cause to legislatures, not courts, these laws represent the triumph of political savvy and popular sovereignty. By passing these laws, the people's representatives have overturned a number of restrictive Supreme Court rulings that narrowed the scope of voting rights and employment discrimination law.
SCAT the Sydney coordinated adaptive traffic system: philosophy and benefits (1979)

Sydney, Australia, in common with many major cities in the world, has seen traffic movement become more and more congested despite capital expenditure on road construction and widening, on public transport systems and on traffic management measures. Scat, a coordinated adaptive traffic signal system, now being installed in Sydney, offers a substantial improvement to movement on arterial roads at low cost thereby enabling usage of the arterial road network to be optimised. An initial trial on a length of arterial road showed advantages in journey time over optimised fixed time signal coordination of 35 - 39 per cent in peak periods. Scat is unique in that it consists entirely of computers and is totally adaptive to traffic demand. Its communication network provides extremely powerful, yet flexible management of the system. This paper describes the system, the system philosophy and the benefits it is expected to yield. These benefits are not only in reduced delay, improved flow and decreased congestion but also in reduced accidents, lesser usage of petroleum resources, decreased air pollution and improved residential amenity.
Einleitung (2011)

Im vorliegenden Kapitel wird in den Themenbereich dieser Arbeit eingeführt. Beginnend mit der Darstellung des Szenarios werden im Anschluss die damit verbundenen Probleme konkretisiert und dadurch die Motivation dieser Arbeit dargelegt. Darauf aufbauend wird die Zielsetzung der Arbeit innerhalb vorgegebener Prämissen erarbeitet.
Polysiloxane optical waveguide layer integrated in printed circuit board (2004)

A hybrid electrical-optical circuit board is demonstrated using polysiloxane as low-loss and high-temperature stable waveguide material system. After board lamination at 180°C for two hours and a subsequent annealing at 230°C for 5 minutes the waveguide insertion loss is 0.05 dB/cm at 850 nm wavelength.
The Research and Development of Magnesium Die Casting Machine (2001)

Magnesium Die Casting have made significant headway in worldwide. The very importance is that the research and development of Magnesium Die Casting Mashine is suitable for Chinese conditions. LK Corporation have success on it.
Oven-Based Thermally Tunable Aluminum Nitride Microresonators (2013)

Frequency tuning of aluminum nitride (AlN) microresonators has been demonstrated via localized heating (ovenization) of the resonator. Specifically, piezoelectrically driven ~ 100 MHz microresonators were heated by embedded joule heaters in vacuum. Three different designs with three different film stacks were tested, and among the tested devices, thermal resistances as large as 92 K/mW have been demonstrated, which corresponds to 1-mW power consumption to yield a temperature increase of 92°C. To minimize heat loss, the devices were suspended from the substrate by high thermal isolation beam-type supports. The beams exhibit very high thermal resistance not only due to their high length to cross-sectional area ratio but also because they are made of thin-film-deposited polycrystalline aluminum nitride. Film-deposited AlN has been shown to have thermal conductivity much lower than that measured in bulk materials. Thermal time constants for these devices were measured ranging from submilliseconds to 10 ms depending on the design and film stacks, and frequency tunability was measured as high as 2548 parts per million/mW. The availability of a power-efficient frequency tuning method, coupled with all other performance benefits, makes AlN microresonators a promising candidate for the next-generation timing devices and tunable filters for multiband communication systems.
RNA as a stable polymer to build controllable and defined nanostructures for material and biomedical applications (2015)

The value of polymers is manifested in their vital use as building blocks in material and life sciences. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polynucleic acid, but its polymeric nature in materials and technological applications is often overlooked due to an impression that RNA is seemingly unstable. Recent findings that certain modifications can make RNA resistant to RNase degradation while retaining its authentic folding property and biological function, and the discovery of ultra-thermostable RNA motifs have adequately addressed the concerns of RNA unstability. RNA can serve as a unique polymeric material to build varieties of nanostructures including nanoparticles, polygons, arrays, bundles, membrane, and microsponges that have potential applications in biomedical and material sciences. Since 2005, more than a thousand publications on RNA nanostructures have been published in diverse fields, indicating a remarkable increase of interest in the emerging field of RNA nanotechnology. In this review, we aim to: delineate the physical and chemical properties of polymers that can be applied to RNA; introduce the unique properties of RNA as a polymer; review the current methods for the construction of RNA nanostructures; describe its applications in material, biomedical and computer sciences; and, discuss the challenges and future prospects in this field.
RNA annealing activity is intrinsically associated with U2AF (1993)

U2AF is a protein that is essential for the formation of the prespliceosome complex during pre-mRNA splicing. It contains two subunits, 65 and 35 kDa, although only the 65-kDa subunit has been shown to be essential for its splicing activity. Here, we show that the 65-kDa subunit mediates the annealing of complementary single-stranded RNAs or single-stranded DNAs. This activity was shown to reverse the action of RNA helicase A, an enzyme that catalyzes the displacement of duplex RNAs. The NH2-terminal region of the 65-kDa subunit of U2AF, containing arginine-serine (RS) dipeptides and basic amino acid sequences, was shown to be essential for the annealing of complementary sequences, RNA binding, and the inhibition of RNA helicase A activity. Thus, through the combined action of U2AF and RNA helicases, duplex RNA regions can be reversibly formed and displaced. Such reactions appear to be critical for pre-mRNA splicing, translation, and transcription.
Denial of service against the Domain Name System (2006)

Because many network services rely on the Domain Name System, denial-of-service attacks against it can be particularly damaging. This article analyzes such threats and reviews existing and proposed countermeasures for addressing them.
Oligosaccharide Signaling In Plants (1987)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
Liver Directed Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma (2012)

Liver directed therapy for RCC is safe. For highly selected patients with metachronous liver RCC metastases, liver directed therapy should be considered in a multidisciplinary manner.