gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Salt and Peroxide Compared with Conventional Oral Hygiene: II. Microbial Results (1987)

This study was designed to investigate the effect of conventional oral hygiene ( n = 116 subjects) versus a salt and peroxide oral hygiene regimen ( n = 115 subjects) on subgingival microorganisms. Subgingival plaque for microscopic evaluation was obtained from eight index tooth sites in each of 231 adult subjects. Microbial forms were microscopically identified at baseline, 8, 16, and 24 months. For both oral hygiene groups, cocci were increased ( P < 0.05) and motile rods were decreased ( P < 0.05) at 8 months and returned to baseline by 16 months. Spirochetes were decreased ( P < 0.05) and remained low through 24 months in both oral hygiene groups. The frequency of agreement between clinical (bleeding) and microbial (>15% spirochetes or motile rods or >20% spirochetes + motile rods) criteria for instrumentation was 59.8%. It was also found that fewer total instrumentations for test subjects were observed when microbiological criteria were used as compared with clinical criteria. The greater number of instrumentations based on clinical criteria was highly significant ( P < 0.001). A significant change in microbial signs associated with periodontal disease may be obtained with either a conventional oral hygiene or a salt and peroxide oral hygiene home care regimen.
Tools for the study of ribosome‐borne protein folding activity (2008)

In addition to its role in protein synthesis, which involves a peptidyl transferase activity, the ribosome has also been described to be able to assist protein folding, at least in vitro, as presented in a Research Highlight (Das, et al., Biotechnol. J. 2008). This in vitro-described ribosome-borne protein folding activity (RPFA) is yet poorly characterized in vivo, in part because of the lack of tools to study its biological significance. There is substantial evidence documenting RPFA in vitro, and an assay intended to detect this activity in vivo has been set up in bacteria, but this assay is indirect. In this review, we describe the different tools and tests currently available to study RPFA. We put a special emphasis on the various available inhibitors of this activity and in particular, we discuss the use of 6-aminophenanthridine (6AP) and guanabenz (GA), two antiprion drugs that were very recently shown to specifically inhibit RPFA in vitro without any significant effect on the activity of the ribosome in protein synthesis. Therefore, these drugs should allow determining the potential biological role of RPFA. Importantly, the biological activity of 6AP and GA suggest a possible involvement of RPFA in human proteinopathies.
Biomimetic Transformations of Parthenolide (1993)

An investigation of BF3-mediated rearrangements of parthenolide [1] provided micheliolide [5] as a major product. Minor reaction products included 10 (14)-dehydro-5 alpha-hydroxy-trans-guaianolide [2], 9,10-dehydro-5 alpha-hydroxy-trans-guaianolide [3], the xanthanolide 2-desoxy-6-epi-parthemollin [4], 1,2-dehydro-4 alpha-hydroxyguaianolide [6], 11,13-dehydrocompressanolide [7], and bicyclo[6.2.0]dec-10(14)-en-12,6-olide [8]. Their mechanisms of formation were interpreted as rearrangements involving carbocation intermediates.
ThemeRiver: visualizing theme changes over time (2002)

ThemeRiver/sup TM/ is a prototype system that visualizes thematic variations over time within a large collection of documents. The "river" flows from left to right through time, changing width to depict changes in thematic strength of temporally associated documents. Colored "currents" flowing within the river narrow or widen to indicate decreases or increases in the strength of an individual topic or a group of topics in the associated documents. The river is shown within the context of a timeline and a corresponding textual presentation of external events.
WebAnno: A Flexible, Web-based and Visually Supported System for Distributed Annotations (2013)

We present WebAnno, a general pur-pose web-based annotation tool for a wide range of linguistic annotations. Web-Anno offers annotation project manage-ment, freely configurable tagsets and the management of users in different roles. WebAnno uses modern web technology for visualizing and editing annotations in a web browser. It supports arbitrarily large documents, pluggable import/export filters, the curation of annotations across various users, and an interface to farming out annotations to a crowdsourcing plat-form. Currently WebAnno allows part-of-speech, named entity, dependency parsing and co-reference chain annotations. The architecture design allows adding addi-tional modes of visualization and editing, when new kinds of annotations are to be supported. 1
Bipyridinium Ionic Liquid-Promoted Cross-Coupling Reactions between Perfluoroalkyl or Pentafluorophenyl Halides and Aryl Iodides (2005)

A new room-temperature ionic liquid has been synthesized from 2,2'-bipyridine. This liquid improved the copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between perfluoroalkyl or pentafluorophenyl halides and aryl iodides. Good recyclability using this solvent system was observed.
Albumin denaturation during ultrafiltration: Effects of operating conditions and consequences on membrane fouling (1991)

Ultrafiltration of high-purity grade bovine serum albumin has been carried out under various temperature between 5 and 30 degrees C and at various cross-flow velocities, pressures, and concentrations with the aim of studying protein denaturation and its consequences on the process. Three different pump heads have been tested. Denaturation of proteins in solution has been monitored by laser light scattering and size exclusion chromatography. The rate of protein denaturation increases with temperature, cross-flow, and time. It is observed that membrane fouling is different whether denaturation has occurred or not. Under high-concentration polarization, denaturation can occur in the boundary layer if the wall concentration exceeds 400 g/L. It is shown how the residence time, operating temperature, and pressure play an important part in membrane fouling. This can provide guidelines for process design and control.
<title>An Introduction To Appearance Analysis</title> (1983)

The appearance of a manufactured product, given that it will fulfill its intended purpose, is its most important attribute. Appearance often determines the acceptability of a product to its seller, and ultimately to the consumer or end-user. The quality of the appearance of a product is psychologically related to its expected performance and useful life. It therefore determines its reception by potential purchasers. This paper describes the interaction of light with objects; reflection, absorption, transmission, or a combination of these phenomena, which result in the perception of the objects, and how measurements that correspond to the way the eye sees color may be made.
An affine coordinate based algorithm for reprojecting the human face for identification tasks (2002)

We present an algorithm to generate new views of a human face, starting with at least two other views of the face. In a typical face recognition system, the task of comparison becomes easier if the faces have similar orientation with respect to the camera. The affine coordinate based reprojection algorithm presented enables us to do that. Dense point matches between the two input faces of the same individual are computed using an affine coordinate based reprojection framework. This is followed by the reprojection of one of these to faces to the target face once the user has matched four feature points across two input face images and the target face image.
Specificity of the Westerfeld adaptation of the Voges-Proskauer test (1982)

Aliphatic chain compounds at least four carbons long with vicinal carbonyl groups in the 2,3 positions were detected by the Westerfeld test. Acetoin, which has one carbonyl group and an adjacent hydroxyl group, gave positive results, but methyl action (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone) was negative, and subsequent tests supported the conclusion that acetoin is oxidized to diacetyl by alpha-naphthol during the Westerfeld test in the absence or presence of air. 2,3-Pentanedione and 2,3-heptanedione gave positive results, but equimolar concentrations of these compounds gave maximal absorbancy readings that were only 35% (2,3-pentanedione) and 31% (2,3-heptanedione) of those obtained with diacetyl or acetoin. Negative results were obtained with pyruvic acid, 2,3-butylene glycol, and carbon ring compounds (1,2-cyclohexanedione, alloxan, and 3,4-dihydroxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione). alpha-Naphtho could not be replaced in the test by beta-naphthol, 1,2,3,4,-tetrahydroxy-1-naphthol, or 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-1-naphthol. Creatine could not be replaced by arginine, guanidine . HCl, or guanidinoacetic acid.
Is Dengvaxia a useful vaccine for dengue endemic areas? (2019)

An effective dengue vaccine that provides balanced protection is still elusive, and <b>Duane J Gubler</b> argues that some partially effective vaccines offer overall benefit—but <b>Scott B Halstead</b> says that this would need a completely new serotesting regimen to avert serious harm
Three-dimensional controlled-source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric joint inversion (2009)

The growing use of the controlled-source electromagnetic method (CSEM) and magnetotellurics (MT) for exploration applications has been driving the development of data acquisition technologies, and three-dimensional (3-D) modelling and imaging techniques. However, targeting increasingly complex geological environments also further enhances the problems inherent in large-scale inversion, such as non-uniqueness and resolution issues. In this paper, we report on two techniques to mitigate these problems. We use 3-D joint CSEM and MT inversion to improve the model resolution. To avoid the suppression of the resolution capacities of one data type, and thus to balance the use of inherent, and ideally complementary information content, different data reweighting schemes are proposed. Further, a hybrid model parametrization approach is presented, where traditional cell-based model parameters are used simultaneously within a parametric inversion. The idea is to limit the non-uniqueness problem, typical for 3-D imaging problems, in order to allow for a more focusing inversion. The methods are demonstrated using synthetic data generated from models with a strong practical relevance.
Processes Affecting the Fate of Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons in an Aquifer Contaminated by Crude Oil (1996)

Crude oil spilled from a subsurface pipeline in north-central Minnesota has dissolved in the groundwater, resulting in the formation of a plume of aliphatic, aromatic, and alicyclic hydrocarbons. Comparison of paired oil and groundwater samples collected along the central axis of the residual oil body shows that the trailing edge of the oil is depleted in the more soluble aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, toluene, etc.) when compared with the leading edge. At the same time, concentrations of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater beneath the oil increase as the water moves toward the leading edge of the oil. Immediately downgradient from the leading edge of the oil body, certain aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene) are found at concentrations near those expected of a system at equilibrium, and the concentrations exhibit little variation over time (≈8−20%). Other compounds (e.g., toluene) appear to be undersaturated, and their concentrations show considerably more temporal variation (≈20−130%). The former are persistent within the anoxic zone downgradient from the oil, whereas concentrations of the latter decrease rapidly. Together, these observations suggest that the volatile hydrocarbon composition of the anoxic groundwater near the oil body is controlled by a balance between dissolution and removal rates with only the most persistent compounds reaching saturation. Examination of the distributions of homologous series and isomeric assemblages of alkylbenzenes reveals that microbial degradation is the dominant process controlling the fate of these compounds once groundwater moves away from the oil. For all but the most persistent compounds, the distal boundary of the plume at the water table extends no more than 10−15 m downgradient from the oxic/anoxic transition zone. Thus, transport of the monoaromatic hydrocarbons is limited by redox conditions that are tightly coupled to biological degradation processes.
Opportunities, Challenges, and Projections for Superconductor RSFQ Microprocessors (2005)

Superconductor processors based on Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) circuit technology can reach and exceed operating frequencies of 100 GHz, while keeping processor power consumption low. These features provide an opportunity to build compact, multi-petaflops systems with ultra-high-speed 64/128-bit single-chip microprocessors to address the government’s critical mission needs for high end-computing (HEC).
Inherent formulation issues of kinase inhibitors (2016)

The small molecular Kinase Inhibitor (smKI) drug class is very promising and rapidly expanding. All of these drugs are administered orally. The clear relationship between structure and function has led to drugs with a general low intrinsic solubility. The majority of the commercial pharmaceutical formulations of the smKIs are physical mixtures that are limited by the low drug solubility of a salt form. This class of drugs is therefore characterized by an impaired and variable bioavailability rendering them costly and their therapies suboptimal. New formulations are sparingly being reported in literature and patents. The presented data suggests that continued research into formulation design can help to develop more efficient and cost-effective smKI formulation. Moreover, it may also be of help in the future design of the formulations of new smKIs.
The STARLIGHT information visualization system (2002)

STARLIGHT is an example of a new class of information system expressly designed around visualization-oriented user-interface. Incorporating more traditional information storage and retrieval technologies into its design, the STARLIGHT system also enables the integrated use of multiple, concurrent visualization techniques to support comparison of content and interrelationship information levels of abstraction simultaneously. This powerful new form of information analysis eases cognitive workloads by providing a visual context for the information under study. Originally developed for intelligence analysis applications, the STARLIGHT software is intended to support the rapid, concurrent analysis of complex multimedia information, including structured and unstructured text, geographic information, and digital imagery. The system uses novel 3-D visualization techniques that interactively generate easily understandable representations of explicit and implicit relationships contained in information collections of various types. This paper describes the general theory behind our approach, and the design and features of a Windows NT-based operational system.
Adjustable-Rate Mortgages and the Libor Surprise (2009)

Adjustable-rate mortgages have typically been tied to either of two indexes, one based on U.S. treasuries, the other on the London interbank offered rate, or Libor. The index is used to determine a mortgage?s new interest rate when it is reset, and up until recently, the choice would have made little difference. But since 2007, the rates on which the indexes are based have diverged sharply, and borrowers with Libor-based adjustable-rate mortgages are likely to pay more than they would have had their mortgages been tied to treasuries. Moreover, the proportion of Libor-based ARMs has increased significantly, especially for subprime loans.
SomBe: Self-Organizing Map for Unstructured and Non-Coordinated iBeacon Constellations (2018)

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices such as iBeacons have been popularly deployed for Location Based Services (LBS), including indoor infrastructure monitoring, positioning, and navigation. In these applications, the positions of iBeacons are assumed to be known. However, the location information is often unavailable or inaccurate as most iBeacons were deployed by different external parties. In addition, manual localizing the already-deployed iBeacons is costly and even impractical, especially in large-scale and complex indoor environments. Therefore, we propose a novel method, namely SomeBe, which can localize deployed iBeacons with a minimal effort and invasiveness to existing infrastructures. Specifically, our approach uses cooperative multilateration based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) of available smartphones and WiFi access points (APs) in the environment. Both Bluetooth signal strengths (between smartphones and iBeacons) and WiFi signal strengths (between smartphones and APs) are jointly employed in a single optimization cost function to surpass the local minima. Requiring that the positions of the APs are known only, the proposed cost function can also localize the iBeacons without knowing the positions of smartphones. To improve the localization accuracy, we employ a clustering method based on the RSS values for the coarse estimation of iBeacons' positions. SomBe also can be used to simplify iBeacon deployment as it can localize the iBeacons with a minimal effort. The performance evaluation results of our testbed experiments as well as realistic simulations show that SomBe outperforms non-cooperative approaches with 85% better in terms of accuracy.
Relative sensitivities of environmental legionellae to selective isolation procedures (1987)

A survey of water samples to determine the efficacy of standard procedures for the isolation of environmental legionellae was conducted. Marked variations in intraspecies resistance to selective agents and treatments were observed, and in experiments with one of the isolates, the response was modified by culture conditions. Five selective procedures incorporating acid (pH 2.2) and heat (50 degrees C, 30 min) treatments, with and without plating on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar supplemented with vancomycin (5 micrograms/ml), polymyxin B (60 U/ml), and cycloheximide (80 micrograms/ml), caused 5 to 99% decreases in viable counts of pure cultures in water suspensions. The differences in the responses of the cultures to the five treatments were statistically significant. Cells in retained samples of naturally contaminated water from which the original cultures had been isolated were significantly less sensitive than artificially grown isolates. The sensitivities of the laboratory-grown cells to the treatments were affected by the length of incubation on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar. Whereas acid resistance increased after 24 h of incubation, resistance to the antibiotic mixture decreased.
Linker insertion analysis of the FimH adhesin of type 1 fimbriae in an Escherichia coli fimH-null background (1996)

The gene encoding the Escherichia coli FimH adhesin of type 1 fimbriae has been subjected to linker insertion mutagenesis. Amino acid changes were introduced at a number of positions spanning the entire sequence in order to probe the structure-function relationship of the FimH protein. The effect of these mutations on the ability of bacteria to express a D-mannose binding phenotype was assessed in a fimH null mutant (MS4) constructed by allelic exchange in the. E coli K-12 strain PC31. Mutations mapping at amino acid residues 36, 58 and 279 of the mature FimH protein were shown to completely abolish binding to D-mannose receptors. Differences in the level of fimbriation were also observed as a result of some of the mutations in the fimH gene. These mutants may prove useful in dissecting receptor-ligand interactions by defining regions of the FimH protein that are important in erythrocyte binding.
A macromolecular transducer as illustrated by trout hemoglobin IV. (1978)

Oxygen binding by trout Hb IV has been investigated as a function of pH up to 10 atmospheres (1 MPa) of pure O2. The results bring out an extreme proton-oxygen linkage, which gives rise to a Root effect. They are discussed in relation to the function of the hemoglobin as an oxygen pump. The system is of special interest as providing a prototype of a macromolecule acting as a transducer by coupling two allosterically linked reactions.
Protection by flavonoids against anthracycline cardiotoxicity: from chemistry to clinical trials (2007)

Cardiotoxic side-effects of doxorubicin limit the clinical use of this anti-cancer agent. Iron chelators have been studied as protectors against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. These iron chelators do not provide optimal protection and have certain drawbacks. We therefore looked for new protectors and decided that these new compounds should combine iron chelating and antioxidant activity. Flavonoids appeared to possess those combined iron chelating and antioxidant properties. Quantum chemical evaluation of radical stabilization and determination of physico-chemical properties of a series of flavonoids brought our attention to the semi-synthetic flavonoid 7-monohydroxyetylrutoside (monoHER). Both in vitro (using an electrically paced mouse left atrium model) and in vivo (using a mouse ECG telemetry model) experiments corroborated the protective effect of monoHER. MonoHER also showed anti-inflammatory properties. A subsequent clinical phase I study showed that an i.v. dose of 1,500mg/m2 is a feasible and safe dose to be evaluated in a phase II study to investigate the protective properties of monoHER against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer patients.
Polyp Miss Rate Determined by Tandem Colonoscopy: A Systematic Review (2006)

Colonoscopy rarely misses polyps > or =10 mm, but the miss rate increases significantly in smaller sized polyps. The available evidence is based on a small number of studies with heterogeneous study designs and inclusion criteria.
Treatment of lupus erythematosus with fumaric acid ester derivatives: two case-reports (2011)

Fumaric acid ester derivatives, or fumarates, have immunomodulating properties [1]. For over four decades fumarates have been applied in the treatment of psoriasis with proven efficacy and long-term safety [2,3]. More recently, fumarates have been assessed in multiple sclerosis [4]. Given their favorable safety-profile, fumarates could be of value in the treatment of other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Repair of mitochondrial DNA after various types of DNA damage in Chinese hamster ovary cells (1992)

Using methodology recently developed to assess gene-specific DNA repair, we have demonstrated that it is possible not only to study mitochondrial DNA repair, but also directly to compare mitochondrial and nuclear DNA repair in the same biological sample. Complex enzymatic mechanisms recognize and repair nuclear DNA damage, but it has long been thought that there was no DNA repair in mitochondria. Therefore, in an attempt to delineate more clearly which DNA repair mechanisms, if any, are functioning in mitochondria, we have investigated the repair of several specific DNA lesions in mitochondrial DNA. They include cyclobutane dimers, cisplatin intrastrand adducts, cisplatin interstrand crosslinks and alkali-labile sites. We find that pyrimidine dimers and complex alkylation damage are not repaired in mitochondrial DNA, and that there is minimal repair of cisplatin intrastrand crosslinks. In contrast, there is efficient repair of cisplatin interstrand crosslinks as evidenced by approximately 70% of the lesions being removed by 24 h. Additionally, there is efficient repair of N-methylpurines following exposure to methylnitrosourea with approximately 70% of the lesions being removed by 24 h. The results of these studies reveal that repair capacity of mitochondrial DNA damage depends upon the type of lesion produced by the damaging agent. We speculate that a process similar to the base excision mechanism for nuclear DNA exists for mitochondrial DNA but that there is no nucleotide excision repair mechanism to remove more bulky lesions in this organelle.