gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro</i> Gd‐DTPA relaxometry studies in oxygenated venous human blood and aqueous solution at 3 and 7 T (2014)

In vitro T(1) and T(2) (*) relaxivities (r(1) and r(2) (*) ) of Gd-DTPA (GaD) in oxygenated human venous blood (OVB) and aqueous solution (AS) at 3 and 7 T were calculated. GaD concentrations ([GaD]) in OVB and AS were prepared in the range 0-5 mM. All measurements were acquired at 37 ± 2 °C. At both 3 and 7 T, a linear relationship was observed between [GaD] and R(1) in both AS and OVB. At 7 T, r(1) in AS decreased by 7.5% (p = 0.045) while there was a negligible change in OVB. With respect to R(2) (*) , a linear relationship with [GaD] was only observed in AS, while a more complex relationship was observed in OVB; quadratic below and linear above 2 mM at both field strengths. There was a significant increase of over 4-fold in r(2) (*) with GaD in OVB at 7 T (for [GaD] above 2 mM, p <<0.01) as compared with 3 T. Furthermore, in comparison to r1 , r2 (*) in AS was less than 2-fold higher at both field strengths while in OVB it was ~20-fold and ~90-fold higher at 3 and 7 T, respectively. This observation emphasizes the importance of r(2) (*) knowledge at high magnetic fields, ≥3 T. The comparison between r(1) and r(2) (*) presented in this work is crucial in the design and optimization of high-field MRI studies making use of paramagnetic contrast agents. This is especially true in multiple compartment systems such as blood, where r(2) (*) dramatically increases while r1 remains relatively constant with increasing magnetic field strength.
Understanding d<sup>0</sup>-Olefin Metathesis Catalysts:  Which Metal, Which Ligands? (2007)

Density functional theory (DFT, B3PW91) calculations have been carried out on the reactivity of ethene with model systems M(NR)(=CHCH3)(X)(Y) for M = Mo or W, R = methyl or phenyl, X = CH2CH3, OCH3, or OSiH3, and Y = CH2CH3, OCH3, or OSiH3, which are representative of experimental olefin metathesis catalysts, and the results are compared to those previously obtained for Re(CCH3)(=CHCH3)(X)(Y). The general pathway comprises four steps: olefin coordination, [2+2] cycloaddition, cycloreversion, and olefin de-coordination. Two key factors have been found to control the detailed shape of the energy profiles: the energy of distortion of the tetrahedral catalyst and the stability of the metallacycle intermediate, which is controlled by the M-C bond strength. The efficiency has been evaluated by calculating the turnover frequency (TOF) based on the steady-state approximation, and the most striking feature is that the unsymmetrical catalysts (X not equal to Y) are systematically more efficient for all systems (Mo, W, and Re). Overall, the Re complexes have been found to be less efficient than the Mo and W catalysts, except when Re is unsymmetrically substituted: it is then calculated to be as efficient as the best Mo and W catalysts.
Heat resistance and flammability of high performance fibres: A review (2002)

Abstract The heat and flame resistance of high performance fibres are reviewed according to the literature data. The performance is discussed considering the physical and chemical structure of the fibres. Some selected high performance fibres are then evaluated using the cone calorimeter as a fire model to provide realistic data on the fire behaviour of the fibres. They are also examined in terms of heat resistance using combined TGA/DSC. The results are discussed and compared with literature data. Heterocyclic rigid‐rod polymers (poly (p‐phenylene‐2,6‐benzobisoxazole or PBO (Zylon ® ) and poly(2,6‐diimidazo (4,5‐b:4′,5′‐e) pyridinylene‐1,4 (2,5‐dihydroxy) phenylene or PIPD (M5)) exhibit the best performance (little or contribution to fire, low smoke and good heat resistance) and offer a good combination between heat and flame resistance and mechanical properties. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pax-QNR/Pax-6, a paired box- and homeobox-containing gene expressed in neurons, is also expressed in pancreatic endocrine cells. (1994)

After differential screening of a cDNA library constructed from quail neuroretina cells infected with the v-myc containing avian retrovirus MC29, we have isolated a cDNA clone Pax-QNR, homologous to the murine Pax6 which is mutated in the autosomal dominant mutation small eye (Sey) of the mouse and aniridia in man. Here we report the characterization of Pax-QNR/Pax-6 expression in the chicken, quail, and mouse pancreas. In situ hybridization performed with E3 chick embryos demonstrated that, in addition to the documented expression of Pax-QNR/Pax-6 in the neural tube, this gene is also expressed in the pancreatic bud. This expression is later restricted to discrete parts of the organ. From bacterially expressed Pax-QNR peptides we obtained rabbit antisera (paired domain, serum 11; domain between paired and homeo, serum 12; homeodomain, serum 13; and carboxyl-terminal part, serum 14) capable of specifically recognizing Pax-QNR/Pax-6 proteins (48, 46 kilodaltons) in cell lines derived from alpha- and beta-pancreatic cells, but not from exocrine derived cell lines. We conclude that Pax-QNR/Pax-6 represents another gene expressed both in the endocrine pancreas and neuro-ectodermic tissues.
Molecular genetic aspects of glial tumour evolution. (1990)

Cancer can be viewed as a dynamic process driven by the cellular accumulation of genetic alterations that provide selective growth advantage. Such alterations can be classified as one of two fundamental types: acquired (cancer-affective, dominant) or eliminated (cancer suppressive, recessive). This review considers genetic alterations that occur during the development of the most common type of central nervous system tumour, glioma.
UNDERSTANDING CAUSES OF INJURIES IN MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES (1996)

In this study, we use ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) modeling techniques to examine the relationship between injury scores and three independent variables including vehicle class (car, van, pickup), crash type (head-on, rear-end, rollover, etc.), and restraint use in Hawaii. In addition to estimating mean injury levels for various vehicle classes and crash types, we also describe the actual mean injury levels for various combinations of vehicle class, crash type, and restraint use. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of seat belts in reducing injuries across virtually all combinations of vehicle class and crash type. We also demonstrate which types of crashes and vehicles have the highest reported injury levels. Our analysis is based on comprehensive police crash data for 62,754 motor vehicle occupants involved in collisions in the State of Hawaii during 1990.
File System Design with Assured Delete (2006)

This paper describes a system that supports high availability of data, until the data should be expunged, at which time the system makes it impossible to recover the data. This design supports two types of assured delete; where the expiration time is known at file creation, and on-demand delete of individual files. The design assures previous work has described how to do this when the expiration time of a file is known at file creation time, and was particularly suited to supporting many independent clients. This paper reviews that work, but also describes how to support on-demand deletion of individual files
Comparative study of task duplication static scheduling versus clustering and non‐clustering techniques (1995)

Abstract One of the major issues that needs to be addressed in distributed memory multiprocessor (DMM) systems is the program task partitioning and scheduling problems, i.e. mapping of an application program's precedence related task threads among the processing elements of a DMM system. The optimal task partitioning and scheduling problem, with the goal of minimizing the program execution time and interprocessor communication overhead, is known to be an NP‐complete problem. The paper addresses the design, development and performance evaluation of a novel static task partitioning and scheduling method called linear clustering with task duplication (LCTD). LCTD employs the linear (sequential) execution of tasks and task duplication heuristics in achieving minimized computation and interprocessor communication delays in DMMs. The superiority of the proposed LCTD algorithm is demonstrated through simulation studies and comparison against several of the existing static scheduling schemes, such as heavy node first (HNF) and linear clustering. We show that the proposed method can obtain an average of 33% improvement in program execution time and 21% improvement in processor utilization compared to linear clustering and HNF methods.
Role of Surface-Segregation-Driven Intermixing on the Thermal Transport through Planar<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Si</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>Ge</mml:mi></mml:math>Superlattices (2013)

It has been highly debated whether the thermal conductivity $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ of a disordered SiGe alloy can be lowered by redistributing its constituent species so as to form an ordered superlattice. By ab initio calculations backed by systematic experiments, we show that Ge segregation occurring during epitaxial growth can lead to $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ values not only lower than the alloy's, but also lower than the perfect superlattice values. Thus we theoretically demonstrate that $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ does not monotonically decrease as the Si- and Ge-rich regions become more sharply defined. Instead, an intermediate concentration profile is able to lower $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ below both the alloy limit (total intermixing) and also the abrupt interface limit (zero intermixing). This unexpected result is attributed to the peculiar behavior of the phonon mean free path in realistic Si/Ge superlattices, which shows a crossover from abrupt-interface- to alloylike values at intermediate phonon frequencies of $\ensuremath{\sim}3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{THz}$. Our calculated $\ensuremath{\kappa}$'s quantitatively agree with the measurements when the realistic, partially intermixed profiles produced by segregation are considered.
Human neuroblastoma cells produce extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, induce endothelial cell proliferation and are angiogenicin vivo (1998)

Direct experimental evidence shows that tumor growth and metastases are angiogenesis-dependent. Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial malignant solid tumor of childhood. In this study, we investigated 2 human NB cell lines, LAN-5 and GI-LI-N, for their capacity to secrete 2 extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and to induce in vitro human microvascular endothelial cells (EC) to proliferate and in vivo angiogenesis in the chick embryo chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Conditioned medium (CM) from both cell lines stimulated in vitro EC proliferation and the effect of LAN-5 CM was higher than that of GI-LI-N cells. Moreover, anti-VEGF, but not anti-FGF2 antibodies, prevented growth increment of EC. NB cell lines secreted the active form of MMP-2 almost exclusively, LAN-5 cells more than GI-LI-N cells. Both cell lines, LAN-5 cells more than GI-LI-N ones, induced angiogenesis in the CAM assay. Our data suggest that the 2 NB cell lines are angiogenic, to LAN-5 cells more than GI-LI-N ones. LAN-5 cells are indeed endowed with a more aggressive and invasive phenotype.
THE USE OF 2-3-5-TRIPHENYLTETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE IN THE BIOLOGICAL ASSAY OF OESTROGENS (1960)

SUMMARY The reduction of 2-3-5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride in the vaginal epithelium of the mouse is shown to form a suitable basis for a highly sensitive assay of oestrogens. The method is as sensitive and precise as those utilizing mitosis and epithelial thickness, with the added advantage of extreme simplicity.
Agalactosylated IgG antibodies depend on cellular Fc receptors for<i>in vivo</i>activity (2007)

IgG antibodies are glycoproteins containing a branched sugar moiety attached to the asparagine 297 residue in the antibody constant region (Fc). This glycan is essential for maintaining a functional Fc structure, which is a prerequisite for antibody-mediated effector functions, such as the interaction with cellular Fc receptors or the complement component C1q. Variations in the composition of the sugar moiety can dramatically influence antibody activity. Moreover, humans and mice with autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, have altered IgG glycosylation patterns with increased levels of antibodies lacking terminal sialic acid and galactose residues (IgG-G0). There is great interest in understanding whether this altered glycosylation pattern influences antibody-mediated effector functions. In vitro studies have suggested that IgG-G0 antibodies gain the capacity to activate the complement pathway via mannose-binding lectin (MBL), which could contribute to antibody-mediated inflammation. We have analyzed the activity of IgG-G0 antibodies in mice with a genetic deletion of MBL (MBL-null mice) and demonstrate that IgG-G0 antibodies are unimpaired in MBL-null mice. In contrast, the activity of these antibody glycovariants is fully dependent on the presence of activating Fc receptors.
Experimental Escherichia coli O157:H7 carriage in calves (1997)

Nine weaned calves (6 to 8 weeks of age) were given 10(10) CFU of a five-strain mixture of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 by oral-gastric intubation. After an initial brief period of pyrexia in three calves and transient mild diarrhea in five calves, calves were clinically normal throughout the 13- to 27-day study. The population of E. coli O157:H7 in the faces decreased dramatically in all calves during the first 2 weeks after inoculation. Thereafter, small populations of E. coli O157:H7 persisted in all calves, where they were detected intermittently in the feces and rumen contents. While withholding food increased fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by 1 to 2 log10/g in three of four calves previously shedding small populations of E. coli O157:H7, the effect of fasting on fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 was variable in calves shedding larger populations. At necropsy, E. coli O157:H7 was not isolated from sites outside the alimentary tract. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from the forestomach or colon of all calves at necropsy. Greater numbers of E. coli O157:H7 were present in the gastrointestinal contents than in the corresponding mucosal sections, and there was no histologic or immunohistochemical evidence of E. coli O157:H7 adhering to the mucosa. In conclusion, under these experimental conditions, E. coli O157:H7 is not pathogenic in weaned calves, and while it does not appear to colonize mucosal surfaces for extended periods, E. coli O157:H7 persists in the contents of the rumen and colon as a source for fecal shedding.
Performance control of internet-based engineering applications. (2008)

A special thanks is for my colleagues: Cyril and Eric, despite working on different topics we shared many worthwhile discussions in the laboratory and in front of countless coffees.It is always nice to speak with them.This thesis has been made possible thanks to the financial support of Esteco, besides this I want to thank Prof. Carlo Poloni and Luka Onesti for their unlimited and unreserved understanding.Finally, I would like also to thank my friends, all the people working at Esteco and all the people
Electrical properties of polyaniline doped with metal ions (2009)

Electrical transport properties of undoped polyaniline (Pani) and Pani doped with Fe, Ni and La ions (named Pani–Fe, Pani–Ni and Pani–La) have been investigated using dc and ac conductivity data. It is shown that the Pani–Fe sample follows 3D variable range hopping (VRH) conduction while the Pani, Pani–Ni and Pani–La samples follow 1D VRH conduction. These results are discussed by comparing with conventional HCl-doped Pani. Ac conductivity studies carried out in the frequency range 42 Hz–5 MHz reveal the influence of dopants on inter-chain interactions. The dielectric response exhibits two well resolved relaxation processes, which appear to indicate phase segregation of doped and undoped regions in the samples.
Combining pattern matching with word embeddings for the extraction of experimental variables from scientific literature (2017)

Scientists frequently use experiments published in other articles or reports by governing entities (e.g. NIH) as templates for reporting on their own experiments. Those templates occasionally change to reflect new discoveries. For creating retrospective studies and meta-analyses, finding the template parameters associated with scientific results can be critical. To aid in the extraction of experimental parameters (e.g. animal housing temperature) in a corpus of ~8M scientific reports, we used a combination of pattern matching, part of speech tagging, units and measures extraction, and machine learning. We describe a use case where the housing temperature used for experiments involving mice was shown to impact their response to tumor reduction drugs. We show that 1) combining deep learning and pattern matching is a good model to address the problem described and 2) that researcher's behavior and experimental template usage takes a while to change after the publication of an important discovery.
Fabrication of Low Reflectivity Poly-Crystalline Si Surfaces by Structure Transfer Method (2010)

A method to fabricate low reflectivity poly-crystalline Si (poly-Si) surface structures for solar cells has been developed by use of catalytic activity of a metal film. Immersion of Si contacted with platinum (Pt) films in hydrogen peroxide plus hydrofluoric acid solutions results in etching of Si only in the contacted areas. When the Pt surface possesses a pyramidal structure, an inverted pyramidal structure is formed on Si(111) and poly-Si surfaces on which the conventional alkaline etching method cannot form mat-textured surfaces. Poly-Si surfaces with the inverted pyramidal structure possess a reflectivity lower than that of the mat-textured surfaces on the Si(100) surfaces.
Targeting Interleukin-1 in Heart Disease (2013)

I nflammation is a coordinated cellular-humoral response to injury. A close interaction between resident cells (ie, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells) and leukocytes regulates the initiation and resolution of the acute inflammatory response. Constitutive membrane and cytoplasmic receptors function as guardians that "signal the alarm" when activated by products of cell destruction or microbial invasion. This first-line innate immune response initiates a process of leukocyte mobilization from the bone marrow, recruitment to the "activated" endothelium, and migration to the site of tissue injury to prevent infection and to facilitate tissue repair. Although critical for many forms of repair, the inflammatory response may also become a mechanism for progressive injury, impaired healing, and disease.
Synthesis of Vanillyl Amide (2008)

An efficient and high-yield synthesis of 3-methoxy-4-formylphenonyl p-methylbensulphonate(5) was accomplished with vanillin as the starting material in three steps.It involved the converstion of vanillin into hydrazine(4) and the metalic reduction of hydrazine 4 into the intermediate vanillic amine.The phosphonium 6 was synthesized in solid phase by the reaction of 6-bromohexyoic acid with triphenylphosphine,and then the Wittig condensation of phosphonium 6 with iso-butanol afforded 8-methoxynon-cis-6-enoic acid(7).Finally,compound 7 was connected with the amine 5,and then was hydrolyzed to the target compound under ultrasonic condition.IR,NMR and HRMS were used to confirm the structure of the title compound.
In Vivo Noninvasive Detection of Brown Adipose Tissue through Intermolecular Zero-Quantum MRI (2013)

The recent discovery of active Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) in adult humans has opened new avenues for obesity research and treatment, as reduced BAT activity seem to be implicated in human energy imbalance, diabetes, and hypertension. However, clinical applications are currently limited by the lack of non-invasive tools for measuring mass and function of this tissue in humans. Here we present a new magnetic resonance imaging method based on the normally invisible intermolecular multiple-quantum coherence 1 H MR signal. This method, which doesn't require special hardware modifications, can be used to overcome partial volume effect, the major limitation of MR-based approaches that are currently being investigated for the detection of BAT in humans. With this method we can exploit the characteristic cellular structure of BAT to selectively image it, even when (as in humans) it is intimately mixed with other tissues. We demonstrate and validate this method in mice using PET scans and histology. We compare this methodology with conventional 1 H MR fat fraction methods. Finally, we investigate its feasibility for the detection of BAT in humans.
[Intra-articular injection of hyaluronan for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis]. (2004)

Osteoarthritis, involves mainly in the knees, is a disease characterized by a mixture of degradative and reparative processes in the articular cartilage. Many compounds have been used intra-articularly. Of those, corticosteroids are very potent anti-inflammatory agents. Although intra-articular injections have been used for the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis, corticosteroids injections may suppress cartilage proteoglycan synthesis, worsen cartilage lesion, or even cause degenerative lesions in normal cartilage. Viscosupplementation is a novel, safe, and possibly effective form of local treatment for osteoarthritis. It aims at supplying replacement hyaluronic acid into the joint space to return the elasticity and viscosity of the synovial fluid to normal. Hyaluronic acid, a polysaccharide, is a natural component of cartilage and plays an essential part in the viscoelastic properties of the synovial fluid. Although there is still insufficient information to permit a conclusion concerning the effect of this treatment, if any, on the progression of osteoarthritis in humans, considerable evidence supports the positive effects of hyaluronic acid on joint cellular and immunological function.
Estimating computation times of data-intensive applications (2004)

We present a holistic approach to estimation that uses rough sets theory to determine a similarity template and then compute a runtime estimate using identified similar applications. We tested the technique in two real-life data-intensive applications: data mining and high-performance computing.
Comparison of closed loop control for three-level and five-level inverter for photovoltaic system (2013)

This paper analyses the harmonic reduction of multilevel inverter for grid connected solar system. Solar array is controlled and maximum power is obtained by FLC MPPT algorithm. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) is used to control the inverter and simulation is achieved through MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results of three phase three-level and five-level inverter is compared and low THD rate is achieved for high level inverter.
Studies on the Opto-Electronic Constants of Alkali-Halide Crystals (2003)

In this presentation, the correlation between refractive index n of alkali-halide crystals and both energy band gap Eg and Pauling&amp;apos;s electronegativity difference D x have been studied. The following relations are proposed for estimating the refractive index n: n2 + C = A / Eg 1 / 2 and n2 + C = E / (D x)0.425, where A, C and E are numerical constants. In addition, an interrelation between the energy band gap Eg and electronegativity difference D x has been also proposed. The proposed relation is Eg = 4.45 (D x)0.85. The estimated values of the refractive index are utilized to evaluate the electronic polarizability of alkali-halides by applying the Lorentz-Lorenz formula. The computed values of refractive index, energy gap and electronic polarizability are compared with those in literature.