gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonaqueous Sol−Gel Syntheses of Microporous Manganese Oxides (2002)

Microporous manganese oxides have been prepared by nonaqueous sol−gel reactions involving tetrabutylammonium (TBA) or tetraethylammonium (TEA) permanganate and methanol in the presence of alkali cation dopants. Layered birnessite-type materials were obtained for Na+ and K+ dopants in a 0.5:1 reactant ratio with manganese. Na−birnessite was isolated in hydrated and dehydrated forms (7 vs 5.6 Å interlayer spacing) whereas only the hydrated K−birnessite was observed. Cryptomelane was generated with a K:Mn ratio of 0.25:1. Spinel manganese oxides were formed with Li+ dopants using 0.5:1 and 0.75:1 Li:Mn ratios. The materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analyses, Mn oxidation state determination, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Thin films of manganese oxides were prepared by spin coating TEAMnO4-derived sols onto glass slides. Unlike the bulk gel syntheses, only layered birnessite phases were obtained for thin films with Li+, Na+, and K+ dopants. Aerogels of K−birnessite and cryptomelane were prepared by supercritical fluid extraction of bulk gels with carbon dioxide. Surface areas were increased over the conventional sol−gel workup, but overall the values were not exceptional in these preliminary experiments.
Transcutaneous and peripheral nerve stimulation for chronic pain states. (1975)

A series of 120 patients with pain syndromes of varying sources were subjected to peripheral nerve electrical stimulation. Transcutaneous, percutaneous and depth electrode stimulation methods were employed. Thirty-eight patients obtained definite relief and twenty obtained equivocal relief. The remaining 62 patients obtained no relief. Pain sources are correlated with treatment results.
STABILITY OF STERILE BEEF AND BEEF EXTRACT TO PROTEASE AND LIPASE FROM Pseudomonas fragi (1979)

ABSTRACT Extracellular protease and lipase from Pseudomonas fragi significantly (P < 0.05) decreased color stability of sterile beef at 4°C and sterile beef extract at 4°C and 21°C. Concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) in enzyme‐treated sterile beef samples were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in sterile controls held at 4°C indicating hydrolysis of glycerides by lipase from P. fragi. Concentrations of nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) and free amino acids in sterile beef extract treated with extracellular enzyme and held at 4°C and 21°C were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in controls indicating proteolysis by protease from P. fragi. This was confirmed by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of enzyme‐treated beef extract stored at 4°C for 6 days. Sephadex G‐100 gel filtration and poly‐acrylamide disc electrophoresis indicated that the molecular size and electrophoretic mobility of the protease and lipase were similar.
ChemInform Abstract: Sol—Gel Preparation of Lead Zirconate Titanate Powders and Ceramics: Effect of Alkoxide Stabilizers and Lead Precursors. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Calculation of the parameters of pulsed laser welding of thin sheets of aluminium alloys (2009)

Thin sheet structures of aluminium alloys, characterized by high corrosion resistance and low density, are used widely in various areas of technology. The permanent joints in thin sheets (0.5–1.5 m...
The Pyrazolone Originally Reported to Be a Formyl Peptide Receptor (FPR) 2/ALX–Selective Agonist Is Instead an FPR1 and FPR2/ALX Dual Agonist (2009)

A pyrazolone compound acting as a formyl peptide receptor (FPR) 2/ALX-selective agonist has been reported, but its pharmacological activities on human FPRs (hFPRs) and mouse FPRs (mFprs) have not been well demonstrated. In this study, we found that this compound, designated as compound A, induced concentration-dependent calcium flux not only in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing hFPR2/ALX but also in cells expressing hFPR1, mFpr1, or mFpr2. It also induced the receptor internalization of hFPR1 and hFPR2/ALX and, accordingly, induced calcium influx and chemotactic responses in both human and mouse neutrophils. Our study revealed that compound A is in fact an FPR1 and FPR2/ALX dual agonist.
The respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a function of breathing frequency revisited (2002)

The respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) depends on the tidal volume and respiratory rate. The amount of RSA decreases in a non-linear way as a function of respiratory rate. We investigated 12 healthy volunteers at 3 different respiratory rates 8/min (0.13 Hz), 12/min (0.2 Hz) and 18/min (0.3 Hz). R-R interval tachogram were interpolated using a step-like heart rate variability (HRV) algorithm. This HRV-algorithm shows a frequency characteristic which depends on respiratory rate and mean heart rate. This affects the absolute value of the RSA, which has been corrected for this frequency dependence. In the power spectrum, the area of the RSA as a function of breathing frequency was measured. A non-linear behavior is found which is considerably different to uncorrected spectra.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thank heavens for the recession, we can get back to normal again! : 5 strong voices (2009)

They say that it's better to give than to receive - not a concept that's foremost on the minds of companies that are accustomed to placing their needs (in most cases financial in nature) above all else and unfortunately at a price society usually will have to pay at some point in the future.
Parasitic Back-Gate Effect in 3-D Fully Depleted Silicon on Insulator Integrated Circuits (2013)

3-D integrated circuits (ICs) promise to deliver faster, more compact circuitry with lower power consumption than equivalent planar ICs. However, 3-D integration introduces unique noise sources not present in planar ICs. In this paper, we identify how interconnect on a backside metal layer acts as a back gate of transistors on the adjacent tiers in 3-D fully depleted silicon on insulator technology. The resulting shift in threshold voltage is determined by process and backside interconnect geometries. We develop a framework to evaluate the impact of process parameters. Our results show that coupling due to backside metal results in 5X more electrostatic noise coupling than nearby through-oxide vias. The results also show that the change in threshold voltage of an NFET device increases with thicker front oxide, thinner buried oxide, thinner silicon film, and increased backside metal voltage. Additionally, we simulate the adverse effects of back-gate coupling on circuit performance using a representative analog test circuit, an analog amplifier. We show that the back-gate voltage can change the output of an inverting amplifier by as much as the output swing of the amplifier (0.058 V) under normal operation.
Linkage disequilibrium in synthetic varieties of Lolium perenne L. (2006)

Format du poster : A4
Gamma-ray rejection, or detection, with gadolinium as a converter (2012)

Gadolinium is a competent neutron conversion material for neutron detection due to its extremely high neutron capture cross section. It differs from the other neutron reactive materials by emitting large amounts of low-energy electrons for the consequent signal generation in a detector. Such low-energy electrons, though abundant, are prone to be contaminated by internal and/or external gamma rays, such as the activated 43.0 keV K-X rays, given the high atomic number of gadolinium. While the 43.0 keV K-X ray ought to be rejected as it originates in part from the external gamma rays when neutron detection is concerned, the ability to separate this energy line from other signals points to a practical mode of gamma-ray detection by a thin-film semiconductor with gadolinium as a converter. In this paper, a gamma-ray discrimination scheme for neutron detection is studied, which also provides insight into gamma-ray detection with a small semiconductor device with gadolinium as a converter, in line with the same principle of isolating the K-X rays activated by high- or medium-energy gamma rays.
Study on Genotype of ABO Blood Group System in Fuzhou Han Population (2014)

Objective To study the distribution characteristics and regularity of ABO blood group genotype of Han population in Fuzhou.Methods From 12 January 2011 to 23 May 2011,a total of 450 Han blood donors who donated blood in Fujian Provincial Blood Center were selected in the study randomly.ABO genotype of all the donors was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP).Results In 450 unrelated individuals of Fuzhou Han population,five alleles of A1 (21.78％),A205 (0.67％),B (19.33％),O1 (32.78％),O2 (25.44％) were detected,but no O3 allele was discovered; twelve genotypes were found,consisting of A1O1 (14.00％),A1O2 (11.11％),A1A1 (4.22％),A1A205 (1.11％),BB (3.56％),BO1(12.00％),BO2 (10.44％),O1O1 (10.44％),O1O2 (18.67％),O2O2 (5.33％),A1B (8.89％),A205B (0.22％).The difference was not statistically significant between observed value and expected value in different genotypes (x2 =13.5339,P＞0.05).The genotype frequency distribution of this group was in good agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.Conclusions Corresponding with ABO genotype,the distribution characteristics of ABO blood group in Fuzhou Han population was O＞A＞B＞AB,the ABO gene frequency distributions from high to low were O1,O2,A1,B,A205.A2 allele had its own characteristic,dominated by A205.

Key words: 
Han population;  ABO blood group;  PCR-SSP;  Genotype
2008년 이탈리아와 한국의 총선비교 -정치문화와 투표행태 분석을 중심으로- (2009)

This papers examined on comparing of the 2008`s general elections between Italy and Korea. Berlusconi that was the italian Prime Minister in 1994 and 2001 one more time is successfully reached on the political power at the 2008`s general election after the government of Center-Conservative and Moderate-Left. There are some of discussions and researches on the factors that Berlusconi and his personal, if it permits to calling it, his political party ``People of Liberty`` could be successful to take the political power on the 2008`s general election. In this paper researching goals we treat of four determinative factors. The first is that of the internal and external subjective conditions from which could be raised the present political situations. The second is that of the 2008.s general election produce interesting results which could be compared of its meaning and significances between Italy and Korea. The third is that of confirm of which was true that the effects of 2008`s general election should sweep away all those negative particular sulpolitical-cultural factors in Italy-for example, Catholicism, Anti-Communism, Clientelism, Trasformism, Mafia, etc.-substituted in Media Populism representing from Berlusconi as a political man. At the conclusion will descript the present political situation with the characters of Berlusconi`s government in order to comparing of the mentioned factors. Berlusconi`s government started with some internal conflicts at to the distribution of cabinet ministers and change the almost national political systems. The problem is that the italian economy could not overcome the above conditions without widespread support of the electorate and the Berlusconi`s government may confront the danger of collapse in due time. If it will not be the case, Italian politics will show another series of instabilities and similar situation of Korea.
Insertion-based Decoding with automatically Inferred Generation Order (2019)

Conventional neural autoregressive decoding commonly assumes a fixed left-to-right generation order, which may be sub-optimal. In this work, we propose a novel decoding algorithm -- InDIGO -- which supports flexible sequence generation in arbitrary orders through insertion operations. We extend Transformer, a state-of-the-art sequence generation model, to efficiently implement the proposed approach, enabling it to be trained with either a pre-defined generation order or adaptive orders obtained from beam-search. Experiments on four real-world tasks, including word order recovery, machine translation, image caption and code generation, demonstrate that our algorithm can generate sequences following arbitrary orders, while achieving competitive or even better performance compared to the conventional left-to-right generation. The generated sequences show that InDIGO adopts adaptive generation orders based on input information.
Detection of Broadband Terahertz Waves with a Laser-Induced Plasma in Gases (2006)

We report the experimental results and theoretical analysis of broadband detection of terahertz (THz) waves via electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation in laser-induced air plasma with ultrashort laser pulses. By introducing the second-harmonic component of the white light in the laser-induced plasma as a local oscillator, coherent detection of broadband THz waves with ambient air is demonstrated for the first time. Our results show that, depending on the probe intensity, detection of THz waves in air can be categorized as incoherent, hybrid, and coherent detection. Coherent detection is achieved only when the tunnel ionization process dominates in gases.
Fabrication and physical and biological properties of fibrin gel derived from human plasma (2007)

The fast development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine drives the old biomaterials, for example, fibrin glue, to find new applications in these areas. Aiming at developing a commercially available hydrogel for cell entrapment and delivery, in this study we optimized the fabrication and gelation conditions of fibrin gel. Fibrinogen was isolated from human plasma by a freeze-thaw circle. Gelation of the fibrinogen was accomplished by mixing with thrombin. Absorbance of the fibrinogen/thrombin mixture at 550 nm as a function of reaction time was monitored by UV-VIS spectroscopy. It was found that the clotting time is significantly influenced by the thrombin concentration and the temperature, while less influenced by the fibrinogen concentration. After freeze-drying, the fibrin gel was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing fibrous microstructure. Thermal gravimetric analysis found that the degradation temperature of the crosslinked fibrin gel starts from 288 degrees C, which is about 30 degrees C higher than that of the fibrinogen. The hydrogel has an initial water-uptake ratio of approximately 50, decreased to 30-40 after incubation in water for 11 h depending on the thrombin concentration. The fibrin gels lost their weights in PBS very rapidly, while slowly in DMEM/fetal bovine serum and DMEM. In vitro cell culture found that human fibroblasts could normally proliferate in the fibrin gel with spreading morphology. In conclusion, the fibrin gel containing higher concentration of fibrinogen (20 mg ml(-1)) and thrombin (5 U ml(-1)) has suitable gelation time and handling properties, and thus is applicable as a delivery vehicle for cells such as fibroblasts.
Towards Benchmarking in British Acute Hospitals (2001)

The 1997 White Paper--The New NHS--on the future of the National Health Service accorded a high profile to the use of benchmarking as a means of improving efficiency over the following decade. Here, I examine the prospects for the successful adoption of benchmarking in the acute-hospital sector. A benchmarking model is superimposed upon a model of receptive contexts for change, and the components are used to explore the background to the development of benchmarking and likely attitudes towards its implementation. Where appropriate, empirical evidence is introduced to shed light on the ideas explored. I conclude that the wider political agenda accompanying benchmarking has potentially far-reaching implications for the re-distribution of resources on regional, or even national, bases. However, the steady drip-drip on stone is necessary to achieve results at local operational levels. Only by harnessing the strengths of extant cultures will efforts to identify and adopt the most efficient/effective medical practices succeed and potentially conflicting social tensions be resolved.
Applications of on-board processing to mobile satellite communications systems: the INMARSAT Standard-C example (2003)

Discusses the applications of on-board processing (OBP) to mobile communications satellites, addressing in particular the INMARSAT Standard-C system. The authors briefly present the main characteristics of the Standard-C communications structure and review the possible future evolutions of the system. They describe a spot-beam architecture, based on OBP techniques and consistent with Standard-C specification. The onboard payload complexity is also assessed, using mass and power consumption figures. The overall tradeoff between performance and complexity is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Physiologic hyperinsulinemia stimulates protein synthesis and enhances transport of selected amino acids in human skeletal muscle. (1995)

We have investigated the mechanisms of the anabolic effect of insulin on muscle protein metabolism in healthy volunteers, using stable isotopic tracers of amino acids. Calculations of muscle protein synthesis, breakdown, and amino acid transport were based on data obtained with the leg arteriovenous catheterization and muscle biopsy. Insulin was infused (0.15 mU/min per 100 ml leg) into the femoral artery to increase femoral venous insulin concentration (from 10 +/- 2 to 77 +/- 9 microU/ml) with minimal systemic perturbations. Tissue concentrations of free essential amino acids decreased (P < 0.05) after insulin. The fractional synthesis rate of muscle protein (precursor-product approach) increased (P < 0.01) after insulin from 0.0401 +/- 0.0072 to 0.0677 +/- 0.0101%/h. Consistent with this observation, rates of utilization for protein synthesis of intracellular phenylalanine and lysine (arteriovenous balance approach) also increased from 40 +/- 8 to 59 +/- 8 (P < 0.05) and from 219 +/- 21 to 298 +/- 37 (P < 0.08) nmol/min per 100 ml leg, respectively. Release from protein breakdown of phenylalanine, leucine, and lysine was not significantly modified by insulin. Local hyperinsulinemia increased (P < 0.05) the rates of inward transport of leucine, lysine, and alanine, from 164 +/- 22 to 200 +/- 25, from 126 +/- 11 to 221 +/- 30, and from 403 +/- 64 to 595 +/- 106 nmol/min per 100 ml leg, respectively. Transport of phenylalanine did not change significantly. We conclude that insulin promoted muscle anabolism, primarily by stimulating protein synthesis independently of any effect on transmembrane transport.
Cellular distribution and pharmacological sensitivity of low Km cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozymes in human cardiac muscle from normal and cardiomyopathic subjects. (1990)

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) isozymes isolated by DEAE-Sephacel or Mono-Q High Performance Liquid Chromatography from cardiac left ventricular tissue of normal subjects and patients with end-stage heart failure have been compared. With both separation techniques, four major peaks of PDE activity were evident in the soluble fractions; only one peak of activity was present in particulate fractions. The specific activity of the particulate PDE from myopathics was approximately 30-50% of that of normals while the specific activity of a soluble form of this PDE (peak IIIa) was reduced by 30% in myopathics. No differences in comparison of the other peaks of PDE activity were evident. The particulate PDE isozyme has a low Km for cAMP (0.27-0.29 microM), is inhibited by cGMP (60-80% at 1 microM), is sensitive to inhibition by submicromolar concentrations of CI-930 but not rolipram, and is competitively inhibited by milrinone (Kj = 0.3 microM). The first soluble peak of PDE activity hydrolyzes both cAMP and cGMP and is stimulated by calmodulin while cyclic AMP hydrolysis by peak II PDE is stimulated by cGMP. The other soluble peak III fractions (IIIa and IIIb) hydrolyze cAMP; peak IIIa is inhibited by cGMP or by CI-930 and milrinone, whereas peak IIIb is also inhibited by rolipram when the cardiotonic sensitive PDE is inhibited by CI-930. Thus, cardiotonic-sensitive, cGMP-inhibitable, low Km cAMP PDE is present in both the soluble and particulate fractions of human cardiac left ventricular muscle of hearts from normal and cardiomyopathic subjects while the rolipram-sensitive PDE is present in the soluble fraction. The major differences in PDE activity of myopathic relative to normal left ventricular tissue are a reduced specific activity and Vmax of particulate PDE and one of the soluble peak III PDEs.
Highly directional acoustic receivers (2003)

The theoretical directivity of a single combined acoustic receiver, a device that can measure many quantities of an acoustic field at a collocated point, is presented here. The formulation is developed using a Taylor series expansion of acoustic pressure about the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system. For example, the quantities measured by a second-order combined receiver, denoted a dyadic sensor, are acoustic pressure, the three orthogonal components of acoustic particle velocity, and the nine spatial gradients of the velocity vector. The power series expansion, which can be of any order, is cast into an expression that defines the directivity of a single receiving element. It is shown that a single highly directional dyadic sensor can have a directivity index of up to 9.5 dB. However, there is a price to pay with highly directive sensors; these sensors can be significantly more sensitive to nonacoustic noise sources.
Materials for advanced high temperature secondary batteries (1989)

The materials problems and requirements in the development of advanced high temperature batteries are reviewed. The development effort on cells for these batteries has been focused on two major systems: sodium–sulphur cells, which use a solid electrolyte of β-alumina, and lithium–metal sulphide cells, which use a molten electrolyte of alkali halides (e.g. LiCl–KCl). In both systems, the severe corrosiveness of the cell active materials and the high temperature of operation place demanding restrictions on choice of materials of construction. The operating temperature is dictated by the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte and the melting point of the active materials for sodium–sulphur cells and the melting point of the electrolyte for lithium–metal sulphide cells. The materials of major concern in the sodium–sulphur cells are the β-alumina electrolyte, the positive electrode container/conductor, and the seal. In the lithium–metal sulphide cells, the major concerns are materials for the electrode separator and for positive electrode current collectors. In both systems, the need for components of low cost and light weight places further restrictions on materials selection.
Product Named Entity Recognition Based on Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (2005)

A hierarchical hidden Markov model (HHMM) based approach of product named entity recognition (NER) from Chinese free text is presented in this pa-per. Characteristics and challenges in product NER is also investigated and analyzed deliberately compared with general NER. Within a unified statis-tical framework, the approach we pro-posed is able to make probabilistically reasonable decisions to a global opti-mization by leveraging diverse range of linguistic features and knowledge sources. Experimental results show that our approach performs quite well in two different domains. 1