gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dianions derived from .alpha.-halo acids. The Darzens condensation revisited (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDianions derived from .alpha.-halo acids. The Darzens condensation revisitedCarl R. Johnson and Thomas R. BadeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 7, 1205–1212Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00346a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00346a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views504Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Chemokine Receptors CXCR4/CXCR7 and Their Primary Heterodimeric Ligands CXCL12 and CXCL12/High Mobility Group Box 1 in Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Development (2015)

Novel therapies need to be developed for patients with pancreatic cancer because of the poor outcomes of current regimens. Pancreatic cancer cells respond to the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7)/C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12)/high-mobility group box 1 signaling axis and this axis presents a novel target for therapy. C-X-C motif chemokine 12 stimulates CXCR4/CXCR7-bearing cells in a paracrine manner. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 and CXCR7 are transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors that, upon interaction with ligand CXCL12, activate downstream protein kinases that promote a more aggressive behavior. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 is expressed on most pancreatic cancer cells, whereas CXCR7 is primarily expressed on tumor-associated endothelium. High-mobility group box 1 promotes the CXCR4 and CXCL12 interaction, promoting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a potent stimulator of CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression, promoting more aggressive behavior. This receptor/ligand interaction can be disrupted by CXCR4 antagonists available and in clinical use to harvest bone marrow stem cells. Novel imaging strategies are now being developed at several centers to evaluate response to therapy and identify early recurrence. Thus, the CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 interaction plays a critical role in cancer cell progression, proliferation, invasion, as well as metastasis and is a suitable target for therapy, imaging, as well as development of novel diagnostics.
Urinary Formic Acid as an Indicator of Occupational Exposure to Formic Acid and Methanol (1987)

A sampling strategy was developed to detect personal exposure to methanol and formic acid vapors. Formic acid is the metabolic end product of methanol, and part of inhaled formic acid is excreted directly in urine, so that urinary formic acid would reveal exposure to both agents. A linear relationship to inhaled vapors, however, could be shown only if urinary sampling were delayed until 16 hr (next morning) after exposure. Exposure to methanol vapor at the current Finnish hygienic limit level (200 ppm) produced 80 mg formic acid/g creatinine; exposure to formic acid at the hygienic limit (5 ppm) caused 90 mg/g creatinine. The similarity of these figures may indicate a common toxicological foundation of these empirically set values.
Surface profile-controlled close-packed Si nanorod arrays for self-cleaning antireflection coatings (2009)

We demonstrate the fabrication of surface profile-controlled close-packed Si nanorod arrays (NRAs), using a scalable and integrated circuit compatible process combining colloidal lithography and reactive ion etching. Si NRAs exhibit broadband, omnidirectional, and polarization-insensitive antireflection (AR) properties and enhance the hydrophobicity. The effect of surface profiles of periodic NRAs on the AR and hydrophobicity was investigated systematically. The Si NRAs function as both self-cleaning and AR layers, which offer a promising approach to enhance the solar cell energy conversion efficiency.
Rapid Ray Tracing Analysis of Scattered Field from an Aircraft Model in Super Wide Area (2013)

The system based on the Passive Bistatic Radar (PBR) expected as the surveillance system of aircraft, uses scattered waves from an aircraft which are much smaller than the directed wave. In such system, it is important how to locate receivers in order to construct a high performance of surveillance system. Consequently, field estimation is required to optimally allocate receivers. However, since current numerical techniques such as Ray Tracing Method (RTM) consume much computation time in order to search rays from source to receiver, they are applied to only small area within a few square kilometers. Its analytical areas are enough to investigations for cellular phone or digital broadcasting, but it is too small to obtain the field distribution in the wide area for the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new numerical algorithm for analyzing scattered fields from an aircraft in super wide area in order to apply to the development of the ATM system. The essence of the proposed algorithm based on the RTM is to simplify the ray searching from source to receiver, resulting in reducing of the computation time. We discuss the principle of our method and the theory of electromagnetic field, and we show scattered powers and delay profiles from a simple aircraft model.
Bootkits revisited : detecting, analysing and mitigating bootkit threats (2017)

Bootkits (short for boot + rootkit) are one of the most advanced, powerful and persistent threats exploited in sophisticated malware attacks. In order to investigate this attack vector in greater detail, we performed a large-scale bootkit malware analysis utilizing Windows XP and Windows 7. The data set consists of samples spanning a timer period over 8 years to gain detailed insights into the bootkit malware economy. Grounded on the analysis results of 26,378 malware samples, novel techniques to detect and stop bootkit attacks have been developed. The proposed detection techniques are based on anomaly identification utilizing dynamic analysis during the system's boot phase. Furthermore, two novel techniques to prevent bootkit infections have been developed. The first one, is grounded on strictly blocking the malware's initial persistence and infection vector, while the second approach relies on emulation and monitoring the impact of disk modifications targeting the system's boot process. Furthermore, this work showcases the historic evolution of bootkit techniques starting in 2006 and presents an outlook on their potential future evolution.
A B‐lectin receptor kinase gene conferring rice blast resistance (2006)

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice worldwide. The dominant resistance gene, Pi-d2 [previously named Pi-d(t)2], present in the rice variety Digu, confers gene-for-gene resistance to the Chinese blast strain, ZB15. Pi-d2 was previously mapped close to the centromere of chromosome 6. In this study, the Pi-d2 gene was isolated by a map-based cloning strategy. Pi-d2 encodes a receptor-like kinase protein with a predicted extracellular domain of a bulb-type mannose specific binding lectin (B-lectin) and an intracellular serine-threonine kinase domain. Pi-d2 is a single-copy gene that is constitutively expressed in the rice variety Digu. Transgenic plants carrying the Pi-d2 transgene confer race-specific resistance to the M. grisea strain, ZB15. The Pi-d2 protein is plasma membrane localized. A single amino acid difference at position 441 of Pi-d2 distinguishes resistant and susceptible alleles of rice blast resistance gene Pi-d2. Because of its novel extracellular domain, Pi-d2 represents a new class of plant resistance genes.
Non-Encapsulated Microsectioning as a Construction and Failure Analysis Technique (1982)

Non-encapsulated microsectioning is a procedure for cross sectioning LSI and VLSI electronic devices without encasing them in a mounting compound. This technique is faster, simpler, and more flexible than encapsulated methods, yet it provides the precision necessary to microsection these small devices. This cross-sectioning process is useful in construction analysis for measuring the dimensions of device structures. The precision of this method also allows the cross sectioning of defects in device structures during failure analysis.
Direct thrombin inhibitors (2011)

Heparins and vitamin K antagonists have been the primary agents used for anticoagulation in certain cardiovascular and thromboembolic diseases for over 50 years. However, they can be difficult to administer and are fraught with limitations. In response to the need for new anticoagulants, direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) have been developed and investigated for their utility in prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE), heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), acute coronary syndromes (ACS), secondary prevention of coronary events after ACS, and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Currently, four parenteral direct inhibitors of thrombin activity are FDA‐approved in North America: lepirudin, desirudin, bivalirudin and argatroban. Of the new oral DTIs, dabigatran etexilate is the most studied and promising of these agents. This review discusses the clinical indications and efficacy of these direct thrombin inhibitors as well as future directions in anticoagulant therapy.
HyperCat : an IoT interoperability specification (2013)

HyperCat is an open, lightweight JSON-based hypermedia catalogue format for exposing collections of URIs. Each HyperCat catalogue may expose any number of URIs, each with any number of RDF-like triple statements about it. HyperCat is simple to work with and allows developers to publish linked-data descriptions of resources. HyperCat is designed for exposing information about IoT assets over the web. It allows a server to provide a set of resources to a client, each with a set of semantic annotations. Implementers are free to choose or invent any set of annotations to suit their needs. A set of best practices and tools are currently under development. Where implementers choosesimilar or overlapping semantics, the possibilities for interoperability are increased. The HyperCat specification was created as part of the Technology Strategy Board (TSB) funded, IoT Ecosystem Demonstrator project which consisted of 8 consortia all developing an IoT ecosystem demonstrator around a IoT hub.
A case for P2P infrastructure for social networks - opportunities &#x00026; challenges (2009)

Online Social Networks like Facebook, MySpace, Xing, etc. have become extremely popular. Yet they have some limitations that we want to overcome for a next generation of social networks: privacy concerns and requirements of Internet connectivity, both of which are due to web-based applications on a central site whose owner has access to all data. To overcome these limitations, we envision a paradigm shift from client-server to a peer-to-peer infrastructure coupled with encryption so that users keep control of their data and can use the social network also locally, without Internet access. This shift gives rise to many research questions intersecting networking, security, distributed systems and social network analysis, leading to a better understanding of how technology can support social interactions. This paper is an attempt to identify the core functionalities necessary to build social networking applications and services, and the research challenges in realizing them in a decentralized setting. In the tradition of research-path defining papers in the peer-to-peer community, we highlight some challenges and opportunities for peer-to-peer in the era of social networks. We also present our own approach at realizing peer-to-peer social networks.
Algorithms of Chemicals Detection Using Raman Spectra (2010)

Algorithms of Chemicals Detection Using Raman Spectra Raman spectrometers are devices which enable fast and non-contact identification of examined chemicals. These devices utilize the Raman phenomenon to identify unknown and often illicit chemicals ( e.g. drugs, explosives) without the necessity of their preparation. Now, Raman devices can be portable and therefore can be more widely used to improve security at public places. Unfortunately, Raman spectra measurements is a challenge due to noise and interferences present outside the laboratories. The design of a portable Raman spectrometer developed at the Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology is presented. The paper outlines sources of interferences present in Raman spectra measurements and signal processing techniques required to reduce their influence ( e.g. background removal, spectra smoothing). Finally, the selected algorithms for automated chemicals classification are presented. The algorithms compare the measured Raman spectra with a reference spectra library to identify the sample. Detection efficiency of these algorithms is discussed and directions of further research are outlined.
Speech Retrieval Based on Automatic Indexing (1995)

We present a system that retrieves audio recordings containing spoken text in response to a given textual query. In particular, we describe indexing methods that automatically describe the content of the recordings. The indexing methods, which are based on phoneme recognition output, take account of speech recognition errors. Additionally, the indexing methods we present are suitable for a language where many word inflections and compounds may occur. To compare different indexing methods, we have evaluated the retrieval effectiveness on a test collection of 1289 documents and 26 queries. The results show that better effectiveness can be achieved when taking into account the characteristics of the underlying speech recognition system.
Amperometric titrations employing differential pulse polarography (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmperometric titrations employing differential pulse polarographyDavid J. Myers and Janet. OsteryoungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 3, 356–359Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60339a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60339a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of the Solution Conformations of a Cell-Adhesive Peptide LBE and its Reverse Sequence EBL (1999)

T-cell adhesion is mediated by an ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction; this interaction plays a crucial role in T-cell activation during immune response. LBE peptide, which is derived from the beta-subunit of LFA-1, has been shown to inhibit ICAM-1/LFA-1-mediated T-cell adhesion. In this work, we studied the solution conformations of LBE peptide and its reverse sequence (EBL) by NMR, CD and molecular dynamics simulations. Reverse peptides have been used as controls in biological studies. The effect of reversing the sequence of LBE to EBL peptides on their respective conformations is important in understanding their biological properties in vitro or in vivo. The NMR studies for these peptides were carried out in water and in TFE/water solvent systems. In 40% TFE/water, both peptides exhibited helical conformation. CD studies suggested that the LBE exhibits 30% helical conformation, while the EBL exhibits 20% helical conformation. From the NMR and MD simulation studies, it was evident that the peptides exhibited a stable helical conformation; a stable helical structure was found at Leu6 to Leu15 for LBE and at Gly9 to Leu17 for EBL. The helical conformations of LBE and EBL may be in equilibrium with other possible conformers; the other conformers contain loop and turn structures. Both peptides bind to divalent cations because the LBE is derived from the cation-binding region of the LFA-1. This study shows that reversing the peptide sequence did not alter the secondary structure of the corresponding sequence. Hence, caution must be exercised when using reverse peptides as controls in biological studies. This report will improve our ability to design a better inhibitor of ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction.
A Feasibility Study on Non-Destructive Determination of Oil Content in Palm Fruits by Visible–Near Infrared Spectroscopy (2012)

Palm oil content is the most important factor for quality evaluation of the fresh oil palm fruits. Evaluating the colour of fruits with the naked eye and weighing of fresh fruit bunches are employed as the rapid method for estimating the palm oil content, but may not be accurate. On the other hand, the chemical extraction method yields more reliable results but it is a time-consuming method. Therefore, a reliable and rapid method for the determination of the oil content in oil palms is required. This study investigated the feasibility of non-destructive near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the non-destructive determination of palm oil in oil palm fruits. A total of 42 oil palm fruit samples, at varying stages of ripeness, were examined. The samples were scanned by two NIR spectrometers with different modes; one used a diffuse reflectance mode in the long wavelength (LW) region of 1100–2500 nm and the other employed an interactance mode in the visible-short wavelength (vis-SW) region of 665–955 nm. The palm oil content was analysed by soxhlet extraction as a reference method. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models for the determination of the palm oil content in the oil palm fruits were developed for both the vis-SW- and LW-NIR spectral regions and compared. The results showed that NIR spectroscopy can be applied for the determination of palm oil content in fresh fruits as a reliable, rapid and non-destructive method. The model developed from the LW-NIR region has modestly higher performance for correlation coefficients of determination ( R 2 ) of 0.92, root mean square error of calibration ( RMSEC) of 1.80%w/w, root mean square error of cross-validation ( RMSECV) of 2.81%w/w, the ratio of standard deviation of reference data to RMSECV in the calibration set ( RSC) of 2.19 than those obtained from the vis-SW NIR region.
n-ZnO/LaAlO_3/p-Si heterojunction for visible-blind UV detection (2012)

A visible-blind UV photodetector (PD) using a double heterojunction of n-ZnO/LaAlO3 (LAO)/p-Si was demonstrated. Inserted LAO layers exhibit electrical insulating properties and serve as blocking layers for photoexcited electrons from p-Si to n-ZnO, leading to an enhanced rectification ratio and a visible-blind UV detectivity of the n-ZnO/LAO/p-Si PDs due to the high potential barrier between LAO and p-Si layers (~2.0 eV). These results support the use of n-ZnO/LAO/p-Si PDs in the visible-blind UV PDs in a visible-light environment.
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in acetic acid, a convenient new reagent for the synthesis of aryl ketones and aldehydes via benzylic oxidation (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in acetic acid, a convenient new reagent for the synthesis of aryl ketones and aldehydes via benzylic oxidationHongmee Lee and Ronald G. HarveyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 19, 4587–4589Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00254a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00254a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2015Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
La preparación de los profesores en la ética pedagógica de la Escuela de preparación de profesores de Educación Física Comandante “Manuel Fajardo” de Cienfuegos (2012)

En esta investigacion se muestra una propuesta de actividades teorico-practicas dirigidas a resolver las insuficiencias que presentan los profesores de 3er ano dela EPEF ComandanteManuel Fajardo, relacionadas con la etica pedagogica. Se aborda desde una concepcion teorica-metodologico con el proposito de transformar la realidad objetiva y empirica que constituyen a definir y delimitar el objetivo de la misma: elaborar una propuesta de actividades teorico-practicas para preparar, en la etica pedagogica, a los profesores de 3er ano de la Escuela Provincial Educacion Fisica ”Comandante Manuel Fajardo” de Cienfuegos. La informacion permitio corroborar en la practica pedagogica la efectividad de la propuesta.Palabras claves: Etica pedagogica, comunicacion, profesores. ABSTRACTIn this investigation a proposal of theoretic practical guided activities evidences resolving the insufficiencies that they present itself the professors of 3er the Provincial School Physical Education year Commandant Manuel Patty related with pedagogic ethics. Methodological in order to transform the objective reality and empiricist that constitute to define and to delimit the objective of the same is approached from a theoretic conception: Elaborating a proposal of theoretic practical activities to train, in pedagogic ethics, the professors of 3er year of the EPEF ”Commandant Manuel Fajardo ” of Cienfuegos. The information permitted corroborating in pedagogic practice the effectiveness of the proposalKeywords:Pedagogic ethical, communication, professors.