gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coding Elements in Exons 2 and 3 Target c-<i>myc</i> mRNA Downregulation during Myogenic Differentiation (1997)

Downregulation in expression of the c-myc proto-oncogene is an early molecular event in differentiation of murine C2C12 myoblasts into multinucleated myotubes. During differentiation, levels of c-myc mRNA decrease 3- to 10-fold despite a lack of change in its transcription rate. To identify cis-acting elements that target c-myc mRNA for downregulation during myogenesis, we stably transfected C2C12 cells with mutant myc genes or chimeric genes in which various myc sequences were fused to the human beta-globin gene or to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. Deletion of coding sequences from myc exon 2 or exon 3 abolished downregulation of myc mRNA during myogenic differentiation, while deletion of introns or sequences in the 5' or 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) did not, demonstrating that coding elements in both exons 2 and 3 are necessary for myc mRNA downregulation. Fusion of coding sequences from either myc exon 2 or 3 to beta-globin mRNA conferred downregulation onto the chimeric mRNA, while fusion of myc 3' UTR sequences or coding sequences from CAT or ribosomal protein L32 did not, demonstrating that coding elements in myc exons 2 and 3 specifically confer downregulation. These results present the apparent paradox that coding elements in either myc exon 2 or myc exon 3 are sufficient to confer downregulation onto beta-globin mRNA, but neither element alone was sufficient for myc mRNA downregulation, suggesting that some feature of beta-globin mRNA may potentiate the regulatory properties of myc exons 2 and 3. A similar regulatory function is not shared by all mRNAs because fusion of either myc exon 2 or myc exon 3 to CAT mRNA did not confer downregulation onto the chimeric mRNA, but fusion of the two elements together did. We conclude from these results that two myc regulatory elements, one exon 2 and one in exon 3, are required for myc mRNA downregulation. Finally, using a highly sensitive and specific PCR-based assay for comparing mRNA levels, we demonstrated that the downregulation mediated by myc exons 2 and 3 results in a decrease in cytoplasmic mRNA levels, but not nuclear mRNA levels, indicating that regulation is a postnuclear event.
NLPR in TREC 2007 Blog Track (2007)

This paper describes the opinion retrieval system for TREC 2007 blog track. This paper focuses on two components of the system. One component is important content block detection component which is used to extract blog contents and get rid of noises in blog pages. Another component is opinion retrieval component which is used to give each sentence an opinion score and combine it with topic score based on SVR. The evaluation proves the validity of our algorithm in the task. 1
Mechanisms of Membrane Pore Formation by Amyloidogenic Peptides in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2016)

Using unbiased atomic-detailed molecular dynamics simulations, the C-terminal fragments of TDP-43 are observed to aggregate and form disordered-toroidal pores in a lipid bilayer. Cytotoxicity of TDP-43 may be inferred from the observation that the membrane pores catalyze lipid flip-flop between bilayer leaflets and conduct water at high rates.
A review of automatic gain control theory (1981)

The paper presents the general theory of automatic gain control (a.g.c). It includes discussions on loop gain, regulation and the relation between loop parameters and output level stability. An equivalent circuit is derived which is used in the study of dynamic behaviour. The work is extended to cover sampled data a.g.c. systems and design guidelines are derived for a variety of situations.
Industrial Electrolysis and Electrochemical Engineering (2006)

The introduction of the electrical dynamo in the early 1870s made large scale, relatively inexpensive electric power available for commercial scale chemical production.
<i>Candida albicans</i> Chitin Increases Arginase-1 Activity in Human Macrophages, with an Impact on Macrophage Antimicrobial Functions (2017)

The availability and metabolism of amino acids are increasingly recognized as crucial regulators of immune functions. In acute infections, the conversion of the "conditionally essential" amino acid l-arginine by the inducible nitric oxide synthase to nitric oxide is a resistance factor that is produced by the host to fight pathogens. Manipulation of these host defense mechanisms by the pathogen can be key to successful host invasion. We show here that the human opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans influences l-arginine availability for nitric oxide production by induction of the substrate-competing host enzyme arginase-1. This led to a reduced production of nitric oxide and, moreover, reduced eradication of the fungus by human macrophages. We demonstrate that blocking of host arginase-1 activity restored nitric oxide production and increased the killing potential of macrophages. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of l-arginine metabolism in fungal diseases.
Hepatic Transport of Bile Salts (2000)

The vectorial secretion of bile salts from blood into bile is a major driving force for bile formation. The basolateral hepatocyte membrane extracts bile salts from sinusoidal blood via Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent membrane transporters. Na(+)-dependent uptake of bile salts is mediated by the Na(+)-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide, a 51-kDa protein that is exclusively expressed in hepatocytes. Na(+)-independent uptake of bile salts is mediated by the organic anion transporting polypeptides, a superfamily of multispecific bile salt and amphipathic substrate transporters. Within the hepatocyte, bile salts are bound to cytosolic proteins and traverse the cell mainly by diffusion. Transport across the canalicular membrane is the rate-limiting step in overall hepatocellular bile salt excretion and is mediated by the bile salt export pump (BSEP), a homologue of the P-glycoproteins or multidrug resistance gene products. BSEP is a vulnerable target for inhibition by estrogen metabolites, drugs such as cyclosporine A, and abnormal bile salt metabolites, all of which can cause retention of bile salts and consequently intrahepatic cholestasis. Canalicular efflux of divalent sulfated or glucuronidated bile salts is mediated by the multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2), which is strongly decreased in cholestasis. Decreased MRP2 expression leads to compensatory increases in the basolateral expression of MRP1 and MRP3, which mediate the sinusoidal efflux of divalent bile salt conjugates and other organic anions. Thus, the hepatocyte can regulate expression levels of individual bile salt transporters during cholestasis to evade hepatotoxic injury.
POINT CLOUD DERIVED FROMVIDEO FRAMES: ACCURACY ASSESSMENT IN RELATION TO TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNINGAND DIGITAL CAMERA DATA (2017)

Abstract. The use of image sequences in the form of video frames recorded on data storage is very useful in especially when working with large and complex structures. Two cameras were used in this study: Sony NEX-5N (for the test object) and Sony NEX-VG10 E (for the historic building). In both cases, a Sony α f = 16 mm fixed focus wide-angle lens was used. Single frames with sufficient overlap were selected from the video sequence using an equation for automatic frame selection. In order to improve the quality of the generated point clouds, each video frame underwent histogram equalization and image sharpening. Point clouds were generated from the video frames using the SGM-like image matching algorithm. The accuracy assessment was based on two reference point clouds: the first from terrestrial laser scanning and the second generated based on images acquired using a high resolution camera, the NIKON D800. The performed research has shown, that highest accuracies are obtained for point clouds generated from video frames, for which a high pass filtration and histogram equalization had been performed. Studies have shown that to obtain a point cloud density comparable to TLS, an overlap between subsequent video frames must be 85 % or more. Based on the point cloud generated from video data, a parametric 3D model can be generated. This type of the 3D model can be used in HBIM construction.
Fast automated design of waveguide filters using aggressive space mapping with a new segmentation strategy and a hybrid optimization algorithm (2005)

Waveguide filters are key elements present in many microwave and millimeter-wave communication systems. In recent times, ever-increasing efforts are being devoted to the development of automated computer-aided design (CAD) tools of such devices. In this paper, a novel CAD tool based on modal analysis methods, which improves the efficiency and robustness of the classical aggressive space-mapping technique, is presented for those purposes. The use of a new segmentation strategy and the hybridization of a specific combination of several well-known optimization algorithms is proposed. The CAD tool has been successfully validated with the practical design of several H-plane coupled cavity filters in a rectangular waveguide for space and communication applications. A filter prototype for local multipoint distribution systems operating at Ka-band, and two tunable H-plane filters with tuning posts operating at 11 and 13 GHz, have been successfully designed, manufactured, and measured.
A note on soft decision decoding with successive erasures (Corresp.) (1976)

This paper deals with soft decision as a means to bridge the gap in performance between a receiver using hard decision symbol estimation followed by an algebraic decoder and a maximum-likelihood receiver. A measure of the reliability of the code symbol estimates is introduced to facilitate the decoding process. The decoding operation studied erases the least reliable received symbols and then applies an algorithm capable of correcting errors and erasures. This procedure, termed successive-erasure decoding (SED), was introduced by G. D. Forney in connection with general minimum-distance decoding (GMD). It is studied for binary and nonbinary transmission using polyphase signals on the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The exponential behavior of the error probability at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is calculated and is supplemented by computer simulations. The results indicate that soft decision by successive erasures for binary transmission has properties not present in the nonbinary case. In the binary case the procedure is asymptotically optimum for increasing SNR's. On the nonbinary channel, however, the procedure is only capable of bridging part of the gap in performance between maximum-likelihood decoding (MLD) and hard decision decoding (HDD).
Preparation and application of organic‐silica hybrid monolithic capillary columns (2010)

Organic-silica hybrid monolithic columns have drawn more and more attention due to the ease of preparation and good mechanical stability in recent years. Many synthetic approaches have been developed and a variety of hybrid monolithic capillary columns have been prepared. The sol-gel process is well recognized in the fabrication of hybrid monolithic columns, which can be mainly classified as one-step, acid/base two-step procedures. The new approaches such as the "one-pot" and nano-scaled inorganic-organic hybrid reagent of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane used as a cross-linker have also emerged for the preparation of hybrid monolithic columns. The applications of the organic-silica hybrid monolithic capillary columns for capillary electrochromatography, micro high-performance liquid chromatography, solid-phase micro-extraction and enzymatic reactor etc. are included in this review.
Fatty Acid Composition of Individual Phospholipids of Influenza Virus (1971)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Circumventing an Azeotrope in Reactive Distillation (2000)

Using a McCabe−Thiele diagram, we explain nonintuitive behavior in a binary reactive distillation column where we react and separate two isomers displaying a maximum boiling azeotrope. Placing sufficient reaction on only two trays in the top section of the column, we shift the top operating line to lie below the 45° line. On lower nonreacting trays, we then easily step past the azeotrope. Once past the azeotrope, we even find that the column temperature decreases as we step down the column.
Ground-fault detection in multiple source solidly grounded systems via the single-processor concept for circuit protection (2006)

Modern power distribution systems often contain multiple power sources integrated within one system. A simple variant may be the common double-ended substation, which can be further complicated by an additional emergency or alternate sources. This presents significant complexity to the designer attempting to design a protection system that will not be fooled by circulating neutral currents. The authors describe how the "single processor concept for circuit breaker protection and control" (M. E. Valdes et al., Proc. PCIC, 2003, pp. 267-275) provides ways to address this sensing problem. One such method is described in further detail. Handling of resistance-grounded systems will be the subject of a related paper.
The Secret Life of Pronouns (2003)

Numerous disclosure studies have demonstrated that individuals randomly assigned to write about emotional topics evidence improved physical health compared with those who write about superficial topics. The writing samples from three previously published studies of 74 first-year students, 50 upper-division students, and 59 maximum-security prisoners were reanalyzed using Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to explore possible relationships of writing content and style to changes in frequency of physician visits following the disclosure intervention. LSA revealed that flexibility in the use of common words-particularly personal pronouns--when writing about traumatic memories was related to positive health outcomes. The findings point to the importance of the role of discussing the self and social relationships in writing and, at the same time, to the remarkable potential of techniques such as LSA.
Private sector participation : putting spares in the market (1998)

In a short span of four years, there has been a four-fold increase in the number of private outlets selling spare parts of Tara handpumps in Bangladesh. The government reacted positively to this change and phased out free distribution of Tara spare parts. The project focused on: a) improving the design and production of the Tara handpump through monitoring the performance and maintenance in the project area; b) encouraging and promoting the private sector participation in the distribution of Tara handpump spares; and c) developing a sustainable and replicable maintenance system involving users, specially women, along with promotion of hygiene practices.
Acyl and sulfonyl isocyanates in .beta.-lactam synthesis (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcyl and sulfonyl isocyanates in .beta.-lactam synthesisAnthony G. M. Barrett, Michael J. Betts, and Ashley FenwickCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2, 169–175Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00202a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00202a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1673Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biosynthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone. 1. Identification of biosynthetic precursors using carbon-13 labeling and NMR spectroscopy (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone. 1. Identification of biosynthetic precursors using carbon-13 labeling and NMR spectroscopyDavid R. Houck, John L. Hanners, and Clifford J. UnkeferCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 20, 6920–6921Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00228a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00228a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views275Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
cDNA cloning, structural features, and eucaryotic expression of human TAG‐1/axonin‐1 (1993)

Axonal surface glycoproteins, composed of repeated immunoglobulin-like and fibronectin-type-III(FNIII)-like domains, mediate adhesion between axons or between axons and non-neuronal cells or extracellular matrix proteins. Several representatives of this group promote neurite outgrowth, when presented as substratum to neurons in culture, and have been implicated in axonal guidance mechanisms. TAG-1 and axonin-1 are presumptive species homologues of the rat and the chick, respectively; together with F11/F3, they form a subgroup of Ig/FNIII-like molecules containing a glycosyl-PtdIns membrane anchor. Recent reports on tumor suppressor genes encoding Ig-like and FNIII-like sequences prompted us to isolate the human homologue to TAG-1 and axonin-1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed to regions conserved in both TAG-1 and axonin-1 using deoxyinosine at ambiguous positions. An expected 1000-bp fragment was obtained from cDNA derived from adult human cerebellum. Using this PCR fragment as a probe, several clones were isolated from a human fetal brain cDNA library. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a full-length clone, as expected, revealed a high degree of similarity to rat TAG-1 (91% identity) and chicken axonin-1 (75% identity) at the amino acid level. The encoded protein was then transiently expressed in monkey COS1 cells, and a stable mouse myeloma cell line was established expressing human TAG-1/axonin-1. The transfected COS1 and myeloma cells showed immunoreactivity on the cell surface with polyclonal anti-(chicken axonin-1) serum. On Western blots, the same antibodies recognized the recombinant protein migrating slightly slower on SDS/PAGE than chicken axonin-1. A comparison of chicken and human brain-tissue proteins by Western-blot analysis revealed a similar apparent molecular mass difference between the two species, which might be due to three additional N-glycosylation sites present on human TAG-1/axonin-1. Immunostaining of cryostat sections of embryonic retinas with polyclonal anti-(axonin-1) serum showed similar expression patterns in chicken and human samples at corresponding developmental stages. An additional shared feature of human TAG-1/axonin-1, rat TAG-1 and chick axonin-1 is their attachment to the cell membrane with a glycosyl-PtdIns anchor.
Preparation of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-<i>co</i>-trifluoroethylene) Film with a Hydrophilic Surface by Direct Surface-initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization without Pretreatment (2009)

Abstract Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of tert-butyl acrylate was carried out directly from a nonmodified poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-co-TrFE)] film surface to give a polymer brush, which was further converted to a poly(acrylic acid sodium salt) brush by hydrolysis. A hydrophilic surface was successfully created at the outermost surface of P(VDF-co-TrFE) film without any change in the bulk physical properties. Also the effect of surface nanotexture formation on wettability was investigated.
Empirical evaluation of the textual differencing regression testing technique (2002)

Regression testing is a commonly used activity whose purpose is to determine whether the modifications made to a software system have introduced new faults. Textual differencing is a new, safe and fairly precise, selective regression testing technique that works by comparing source files from the old and the new version of the program. We have implemented the textual differencing technique in a tool called Pythia. Pythia has been developed primarily through the integration of standard, well known UNIX programs, and is capable of analyzing large software systems written in C. We present results from a case study involving a software system of approximately 11,000 lines of source code written for the European Space Agency. The results provide empirical evidence that textual differencing is very fast and capable of achieving substantial reductions in the size of the regression test suite.
SUPERIORITY OF SIROLIMUS (RAPAMYCIN) OVER CYCLOSPORINE IN AUGMENTING ALLOGRAFT AND XENOGRAFT SURVIVAL IN MICE TREATED WITH ANTILYMPHOCYTE SERUM AND DONOR-SPECIFIC BONE MARROW1 (1997)

In the regimens tested, sirolimus was superior to cyclosporine in augmenting donor BM-induced skin graft prolongation in ALS-treated mice across all levels of histoincompatibility.
Dynamic language model adaptation using variational Bayes inference (2005)

We propose an unsupervised dynamic language model (LM) adaptation framework using long-distance latent topic mixtures.The framework employs the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model (LDA) which models the latent topics of a document collection in an unsupervised and Bayesian fashion.In the LDA model, each word is modeled as a mixture of latent topics.Varying topics within a context can be modeled by re-sampling the mixture weights of the latent topics from a prior Dirichlet distribution.The model can be trained using the variational Bayes Expectation Maximization algorithm.During decoding, mixture weights of the latent topics are adapted dynamically using the hypotheses of previously decoded utterances.In our work, the LDA model is combined with the trigram language model using linear interpolation.We evaluated the approach on the CCTV episode of the RT04 Mandarin Broadcast News test set.Results show that the proposed approach reduces the perplexity by up to 15.4% relative and the character error rate by 4.9% relative depending on the size and setup of the training set.