gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Space hopping scheme under short range Rician multipath fading environment (2002)

An array antenna system requires the same number of RF circuit sections as that of the antennas. This paper presents the novel concept of "space hopping" scheme which requires only "one" RF circuit to enable the array antenna system at very low cost. The scheme also shows excellent BER characteristics for the array antenna system. We focus on the improvement of BER in the array antenna configuration in the short range Rician distribution multipath fading environment. A multipath simulation bench is studied and designed to evaluate the space hopping performance. Several simulations are made to confirm the expected performance of the space hopping scheme and to obtain a good configuration of the array antenna.
100BASE-T2: 100 Mbit/s Ethernet over two pairs of category-3 cabling (2002)

100BASE-T2 is a new physical layer specification for IEEE 802.3 LANs operating at 100 Mbit/s ("fast Ethernet"). It enables users of the 10BASE-T Ethernet LAN technology to upgrade their networks from 10 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s performance while retaining an existing voice-grade cabling infrastructure. 100BASE-T2 transceivers will operate over two pairs in unshielded twisted-pair cables corresponding to EIA/TIA category 3 (UTP-3), which is the minimum requirement for 10BASE-T. In a four-pair UTP-3 cable, simultaneous operation of two 100BASE-T2 links, or one 100BASE-T2 and one 10BASE-T link, is permitted. Since voice-grade cables exhibit more signal attenuation and significantly higher crosstalk coupling between adjacent pairs than data-grade cables, sophisticated digital signal processing techniques are needed to achieve reliable 100 Mbit/s transmission. The 100BASE-T2 standard defines dual-duplex baseband transmission at a modulation rate of 25 MBaud. During each modulation interval, a four-bit data nibble or Ethernet specific control information is encoded into a pair of quinary signals. These signals are transmitted simultaneously on the two wire pairs in both signalling directions. In the receivers, adaptive digital filters are required for echo and NEXT cancellation, equalization, and interference suppression.
The Cultured Diploid Fibroblast as a Model for the Study of Cellular Aging (1992)

The limited proliferative potential of the cultured human diploid fibroblast is now well established. A number of biological correlates suggest that this culture system is a model for the study of aging at the cellular level. The mechanism(s) that causes the loss of proliferative activity is unknown; the results of some recent studies indicate that specific genes may play a pivotal role in cellular aging in vitro. The extent to which changes in proliferative functions are causally related to aging in vivo is currently under investigation.
Structure—function relationships in the receptor for urokinase‐type plasminogen activator Comparison to other members of the Ly‐6 family and snake venom α‐neurotoxins (1994)

Plasminogen activation is regulated by the interaction between urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its specific glycolipid-anchored cell surface receptor (uPAR). uPAR is composed of three homologous domains and is the only multi-domain member of the Ly-6 family of glycolipid-anchored membrane proteins. Recent evidence has highlighted similarities between the individual domains of uPAR and the large family of secreted, single domain snake venom alpha-neurotoxins, suggesting that uPAR may adopt the same gross folding pattern as these structurally well characterized proteins. Structural aspects of the binding between alpha-neurotoxins and the acetylcholine receptor may have a major influence on future studies of the interaction between uPA and uPAR.
Improvement of some pharmaceutical properties of drugs by cyclodextrin complexation. 3. Bromhexine hydrochloride. (1995)

The potentiality of interaction of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) was investigated by spectrophotometry, vapour pressure osmometry and DSC thermograms. The results revealed a very strong evidence for molecular interaction between CPZ and beta-CD. The continuous variation method was used to elucidate the stoichiometry of such interaction by spectrophotometric as well as vapour pressure measurements. Both types of data revealed the formation of a 1:1 complex. The stability constant of the complex was determined at different temperatures by the vapour pressure osmometric method. The enthalpy and entropy of interaction were evaluated and the results indicate that the interaction is exothermic. The CPZ/beta-CD complex was prepared, lyophilized and photochemical stability of the drug, its physical mixture with beta-CD as well as the prepared complex was investigated at different pH-values in presence of different buffer systems. The results revealed that the stability of the drug is greatly improved in presence of beta-CD and the great dependency of stability on the pH of the solution is decreased in presence of beta-CD. The partition coefficient of CPZ and its complex with beta-CD was determined. The data reveal a higher p.c. of the complex compared to the parent drug. The effect of beta-CD on the bioavailability of CPZ was investigated by measuring the miotic response intensity in volunteers receiving a single oral dose of the drug, drug/beta-CD physical mixture or complex. The results revealed a distinct improvement of the biological performance of CPZ by beta-CD as evidenced by an increased intensity of drug action and its duration as well as augmenting its bioavailability without affecting the time for maximum effect.
Association between neopterin in cord blood, urinary neopterin in early childhood and the development of atopic dermatitis, asthma and hay fever (2005)

It is generally accepted that the increased prevalence of atopic disease is due to a disturbed balance of T-helper (Th)1/Th2-type immunity. Upon stimulation by the Th1-type cytokine interferon (IFN)-gamma, human monocytes/macrophages release large amounts of neopterin. Thus, the determination of neopterin concentrations is an indirect measure of the levels of IFN-gamma and allows us to monitor Th1-type immune response. We evaluated whether neopterin concentrations in the neonatal cord blood could be a valuable marker predicting atopic disease in early childhood and whether there is a difference in actually determined urinary neopterin concentrations in children with and without atopic disease. Five hundred and five children born during 1997-1999 were enrolled, with cord blood neopterin data available at birth. The International study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of wheezy bronchitis (asthma), atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis. Morning urinary samples were collected and urinary neopterin concentration was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. By the average age of 6 yr, the prevalence of atopic disease in the last 12 months was 31%. There was no significant correlation between cord blood and urinary neopterin concentrations at age 6 yr, and between cord blood neopterin and later atopic disease. Urinary neopterin concentrations were significant lower in children with a family history of atopic disease (p = 0.02). In this study, cord blood neopterin concentration was not a predictor for atopic disease in early childhood. Family history of atopic disease was associated with lower urinary neopterin levels at age 6 yr, which might mirror a Th1/Th2 imbalance.
How high a dose of stimulant medication in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? (2000)

Objective: This paper examines clinical and neuroscientific evidence to address the question whether high doses of stimulant drugs offer additional advantages in the treatment of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and at what cost. It attempts to arrive at a reasonable upper limit of dosage for clinical purposes.Method: The study involves a selective review of the treatment studies of ADHD in children and adults and an examination of the pharmacokinetic and pharmaco-dynamic data on psychostimulants in humans and animals.Results and Conclusions: The clinical and experimental data justify the use of chronic low-dose stimulant treatment of ADHD in adults, with the recommended upper limit of dose being 1 mg/kg for methylphenidate and 0.5 mg/kg for dexamphetamine. There is no empirical evidence of greater improvement with higher doses and any beneficial effect is likely to be compromised by the adverse effects, some of which can be very serious. The recommended doses should be exceeded only after careful consideration and objective documentation of beneficial and adverse consequences. Monitoring of drug levels in blood may be of some value for compliance or pharmacokinetic considerations, as there is a direct relationship between blood and brain levels as well as dopamine transporter occupancy. These recommendations are tentative and further clinical research is warranted.
Circular domain wall motion driven by spin-polarized currents in confined square nanomagnets (2005)

The spin-transfer torque effect on the magnetization in a pillar structure has been investigated using micromagnetic simulation. The study shows that a spin-polarized dc current induces a domain wall formation from the initial inhomogeneous magnetization configuration of the square magnet and drives it to rotate in the constrained structure. Based on the result, the structure has potential use in magnetoelectronics as a rotor with no moving parts in the nanometer scale.
Combining template matching and block motion compensation for video coding (2010)

A new motion compensation mode of TM_BMC is proposed by this paper to improve video coding efficiency. In TM_BMC, the inter-prediction efficiency is improved by combining the predictor of template matching and predictor of traditional block motion compensation, the coding cost for motion vector of traditional block motion compensation is reduced by utilizing motion vector derived by template matching as motion vector predictor. Experiment results on H.264 KTA platform show that average 7.07% and up to 11.26% bit-rate can be saved by locally adaptive motion compensation mode between the traditional motion compensation mode of BMC and the proposed mode of TM_BMC.
A five‐layer thin film MCM‐Si design using oxynitride dielectrics (1998)

A novel technology for a multichip module (MCM) on silicon is presented. The technology features the integration of a power and a ground plane, resulting in a five‐conductor layer module, the use of the heavily (n + ) doped Si as the ground plane for integrated decoupling capacitances, integrated low TCR NiCr resistors, low resistance (13mΩ per square) TiW/Cu/TiW metallisation, high quality PECVD oxynitride (SiON) insulation layers, which are optimised to a low stress content, and a new wet‐dry etch technique for the vias. The module is able to handle 200MHz clock frequencies and, when carefully designed, can also be used for opto‐electronic interconnections in the GHz range. A test module for DC and HF characterisation has been designed and produced. Preliminary test results are presented.
Carbene complexes resulting from the addition of various amines to isocyanide complexes of iron(II) and ruthenium(II) (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbene complexes resulting from the addition of various amines to isocyanide complexes of iron(II) and ruthenium(II)Daniel J. Doonan and Alan L. BalchCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1974, 13, 4, 921–927Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50134a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50134a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views307Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well distributed Bragg reflector laser diode (2000)

An electrically injected InGaN/GaN-based distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser was demonstrated. Surface grating was formed on both sides of ridge waveguide by chemically assisted ion beam etching technique. The observed threshold current was 375 mA with threshold voltage of 15.1 V for 500×3 μm2 devices. The emission of the DBR laser occurred in a single longitudinal mode at a wavelength of 401.3 nm. The ratio of sidemode suppression was found to be more than 13 dB until a current injection of 1 A.
Three-dimensional electrode arrays for retinal prostheses: modeling, geometry optimization and experimental validation (2011)

Three-dimensional electrode geometries were proposed to increase the spatial resolution in retinal prostheses aiming at restoring vision in blind patients. We report here the results from a study in which finite-element modeling was used to design and optimize three-dimensional electrode geometries. Proposed implants exhibit an array of well-like shapes containing stimulating electrodes at their bottom, while the common return grid electrode surrounds each well on the implant top surface. Extending stimulating electrodes and/or the grid return electrode on the walls of the cavities was also considered. The goal of the optimization was to find model parameters that maximize the focalization of electrical stimulation, and therefore the spatial resolution of the electrode array. The results showed that electrode geometries with a well depth of 30 µm yield a tenfold increase in selectivity compared to the planar structures of similar electrode dimensions. Electrode array prototypes were microfabricated and implanted in dystrophic rats to determine if the tissue would behave as hypothesized in the model. Histological examination showed that retinal bipolar cells integrate the electrode well, creating isolated cell clusters. The modeling analysis showed that the stimulation current is confounded within the electrode well, leading to selective electrical stimulation of the individual bipolar cell clusters and thereby to electrode arrays with higher spatial resolution.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 9‐Fluoroanthracycline Derivatives. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mass-spectrometric analysis of agonist-induced retinoic acid receptor γ conformational change (2002)

Apo and holo forms of retinoic acid receptors, and other nuclear receptors, display differential sensitivity to proteolytic digestion that likely reflects the distinct conformational states of the free and liganded forms of the receptor. We have developed a method for rapid peptide mapping of holo-retinoic acid receptor γ that utilizes matrix-assisted laser-desorption—ionization time-of-flight MS to identify peptide fragments that are derived from the partially proteolysed holo-receptor. The peptide maps of retinoic acid receptor γ bound by four different agonists were identical, suggesting that all four ligands induced a similar conformational change within the ligand-binding domain of the receptor. In all cases, this agonist-induced conformational change promoted the direct association of retinoic acid receptor γ with the transcriptional co-activator p300 and inhibited interaction of the receptor with the nuclear receptor co-repressor. SR11253, a compound previously reported to exert mixed retinoic acid receptor γ agonist/antagonist activities in cultured cells, was found to bind directly to, but only weakly altered the protease-sensitivity of, the receptor and failed to promote interaction of the receptor with p300 or induce dissociation of receptor—nuclear receptor co-repressor complexes. This technique should be generally applicable to other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that undergo an induced structural alteration upon agonist or antagonist binding, DNA binding and/or protein—protein interaction.
White-Emitting Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles with Cross-Linked Shell for Mechanical Stability and Controllable Photometric Properties in Color-Conversion LED Applications (2011)

We report on the synthesis and characterization of water-dispersible, mechanically stable conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) in shelled architecture with tunable emission and controllable photometric properties via cross-linking. Using a reprecipitation method, white-emitting polymer nanoparticles are prepared in different sizes by varying the concentration of polymer; the emission kinetics are tuned by controlling the shell formation. For this purpose, polyfluorene derivatives containing azide groups are selected that can be decomposed under UV light to generate very reactive species, which opportunely facilitate the inter- and intra-cross-linking of polymer chains to form shells. Nanoparticles before and after UV treatment are characterized by various techniques. Their size and morphologies are determined by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and imaging techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For optical characterization, UV-vis and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescent spectroscopies are performed. Solid-state behaviors of these CPNs are also investigated by forming films through drop-casting. Moreover, the photometric calculations are also performed for films and dispersions to determine the color quality. A device has been constructed to show proof-of-principle white light generation from these nanoparticles. Additionally, mechanical stability studies are performed and demonstrated that these nanoparticles are indeed mechanically stable by removing the solvent after cross-linking using a freeze-dryer and redispersing in water and THF. Optical and imaging data confirm that the redispersed particles preserve their shapes and sizes after cross-linking.
Acoustic Absorbers and Diffusers (2009)

Absorbers and diffusers are two of the main design tools for altering the acoustic conditions of rooms, semi-enclosed spaces and the outdoor environment. Their correct use is important for delivering high quality acoustics.Unique and authoritative, this book decribes how to effectively measure, model, design and apply diffusers and absorbers. It is
Material challenges for solar cells in the twenty-first century: directions in emerging technologies (2018)

Photovoltaic generation has stepped up within the last decade from outsider status to one of the important contributors of the ongoing energy transition, with about 1.7% of world electricity provided by solar cells. Progress in materials and production processes has played an important part in this development. Yet, there are many challenges before photovoltaics could provide clean, abundant, and cheap energy. Here, we review this research direction, with a focus on the results obtained within a Japan-French cooperation program, NextPV, working on promising solar cell technologies. The cooperation was focused on efficient photovoltaic devices, such as multijunction, ultrathin, intermediate band, and hot-carrier solar cells, and on printable solar cell materials such as colloidal quantum dots.
Discovery of Tryptanthrin Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase with Therapeutic Activity in Lewis Lung Cancer (LLC) Tumor-Bearing Mice (2013)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1) is emerging as an important new therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, neurological disorders, and other diseases that are characterized by pathological tryptophan metabolism. However, only a few structural classes are known to be IDO-1 inhibitors. In this study, a natural compound tryptanthrin was discovered to be a novel potent IDO-1 inhibitor by screening of indole-based structures. Three series of 13 tryptanthrin derivatives were synthesized, and the structure-activity analysis was undertaken. The optimization led to the identification of 5c, which exhibited the inhibitory activity at a nanomolar level. In vitro 5c dramatically augmented the proliferation of T cells. When administered to Lewis lung cancer (LLC) tumor-bearing mice, 5c significantly inhibited IDO-1 activity and suppressed tumor growth. In addition, 5c reduced the numbers of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are known to prevent the development of efficient antitumor immune responses.
Sub-hundred Watt operation demonstration of HVM LPP-EUV source (2014)

Since 2002, we have been developing a CO<sub>2</sub>-Sn-LPP EUV light source, the most promising solution as the 13.5 nm high power (>200 W) light source for HVM EUV lithography. Because of its high efficiency, power scalability and spatial freedom around plasma. Our group has proposed several unique original technologies; 1) CO<sub>2</sub> laser driven Sn plasma generation, 2) Double laser pulse shooting for higher Sn ionization rate and higher CE. 3) Sn debris mitigation with a magnetic field, 4) Hybrid CO<sub>2</sub> laser system that is scalable with a combination of a short pulse oscillator and commercial cw-CO<sub>2</sub> amplifiers. 5) High efficient out of band light reduction with grating structured C1 mirror. In past paper we demonstrated in small size (2Hz) experimental device, this experiment shoed the advantage of combining a laser beam at a wavelength of the CO<sub>2</sub> laser system with Sn plasma to achieve high CE>4.7% (in maximum) from driver laser pulse energy to EUV in-band energy <sup>1</sup>). In this paper we report the further updated results from last paper. (1) 20um droplets at 100kHz operation was successfully ejected by downsized nozzle and demonstrated dramatical improvement of debris on the collector mirror. We have been developing extension of high CE operation condition at 20kHz range, We have reported component technology progress of EUV light source system. (2)New generation collector mirror with IR reduction technology is equipped in mirror maker. (3)20kW CO<sub>2</sub> laser amplifier system is demonstrated cooperate with Mitsubishi electric. (4) We develop new Proto #2 EUV LPP source system and demonstrated 200W EUV plasma power (43W EUV clean power at I/F ) at 100kHz operation was confirmed. (5) High conversion efficiency (CE) of 3.9% at 20kHz operation was confirmed in using pico-second pre-pulse laser. (6)Improvement of CO<sub>2</sub> laser power from 8kW to 12kW is now on going by installation of new pre-amplifier. (7)Power-up scenario of HVM source is reported, target shipment of first customer beta LPP light source unit is 2015.