gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of submicrometer MOSFET's using gas immersion laser doping (GILD) (1986)

The fabrication of MOSFET's with submicrometer gate lengths using Gas Immersion Laser Doping (GILD) to dope the source-drain and gate regions of n-channel devices is described. The GILD step relies on a melt/regrowth process, initiated by a pulsed excimer laser (XeCl, λ = 308 nm), to drive in a dopant species adsorbed on the clean silicon surface. High dopant concentrations (1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> to 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ) and shallow junctions (600-1000 Å) make this process ideally suited for source-drain formation in submicrometer structures. In this work the transistors are fabricated using an otherwise conventional NMOS process. The resultant devices have similar source-drain R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sheet</inf> values and lower poly R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sheet</inf> when compared to devices fabricated using a conventional implanted source-drain and diffused polysilicon gate. Short-channel devices ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L_{poly} = 0.9</tex> µm) exhibit excellent I-V characteristics and little change in V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> .
Study On Application Of Alumina In High-Purity Andalusite Based Refractory (2004)

Effects of some kinds of alumina on physical properties of high-purity andalusite based refractory were studied, and, effects of type and amount of added alumina on phase composition and microstructure of the refractory were investigated by XRD and SEM. The results revealed that the sintering property of the refractory sample without added alumina was better than that of one with added alumina, whereas the effect of a selected sample of added alumina on the sintering property of the high-purity andalusite based refractory was related to the purity and activity of the added alumina sample. The SiO 2 glass phase originated from the decomposed andalusite aggregate cannot wholly react with added alumina to form secondary mullite. Moreover, when the quantity of added alumina amounted to about 15% (mass percent), more extensive secondary mullitization and greater expansion will be observed in the experimental sample.
Umbilical Cord Transforming Growth Factor-β3: Isolation, Comparison with Recombinant TGF-β3 and Cellular Localization (1996)

The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family of growth modulators play critical roles in tissue development and maintenance. Recent data suggest that individual TGF-beta isoforms (TGF-beta 1, -beta 2 and -beta 3) have overlapping yet distinct biological actions and target cell specificities, both in developing and adult tissues. The TGF-beta 3 isoform was purified to homogeneity from both natural and recombinant sources and characterized by laser desorption mass spectrometry, by protein sequencing, by amino acid analysis and by biological activity. TGF-beta 3 was the major TGF-beta isoform in umbilical cord (230 ng/g), and was physically and biologically indistinguishable from recombinant TGF-beta 3 and from the tumor growth inhibitory (TGI) protein found in umbilical cord. Immunohistochemistry using antipeptide TGF-beta 3 specific antibody showed TGF-beta 3 localization in perivascular smooth muscle.
Recovering parametric geons from multiview range data (1994)

Focuses on approximating object part shapes by distinctive types of volumetric primitives. Shape approximation is accomplished by fitting volumetric models called 'parametric geons' to multiview range data of single-part objects and classifying the fitting residuals. Parametric geons are seven qualitative shape types defined by parameterized equations which control the size and degree of tapering and bending. Model fitting is performed by minimizing an objective function which measures the similarity in both size and shape between models and objects. Multiple view data, global shape constraints and global optimization are employed to obtain unique models and to compensate for noise and minor variations in object shape. This approach has been studied in experiments with both synthetic 3D data and actual rangefinder data of perfect and imperfect geon-like objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Task assignment in wireless sensor and robot networks (2012)

Wireless sensor and robot networks (WSRNs) are the confluence point where the two traditional fields of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and multi-robot systems meet. This article considers application of networked robots to manage and improve functionality of sensor networks, in tasks such as sensor network deployment and maintenance, and response to events detected by sensors. Most of the papers in the field of networked robotics deal with generic problem statements with heavy assumptions when it comes to task assignment problems. Literature still lacks solutions for concrete task assignment scenarios when communication cost is not negligible and communication protocols are unclear. In this article we focus on task assignment problem in WSRNs starting from the simplest single event scenarios to complex multiple event scenarios and review possible solutions and current research challenges within two classes of task assignment problems - with or without communication costs.
Evidence in the Hypophysectomized Pigeon of a Synergism Among Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Thyroxine and Prednisone Upon Weight of the Body, Digestive Tract, Kidney and Fat Stores (1962)

Various levels of dosage of prolactin and/or growth hormone, alone and in combination with thyroxine and prednisone, were injected daily for 10 days into hypophysectomized pigeons. Adequate doses of prolactin or of growth hormone alone or together increased the weight of the body, liver, pancreas, intestines and kidney. There was no apparent synergism. Greater increases in the weight of these structures were found when the auxiliary solution of thyroxine (10 μg) and prednisone (1 mg) was injected simultaneously. Thyroxine and prednisone together did not increase organ weights but acted as permissive agents when combined with growth hormone and/or prolactin. Synergisms of the order of 50-fold were obtained when all 4 hormones were injected. Twenty μg of prolactin plus 20 μg of growth hormone with the auxiliary solution produced a greater increase in weight of body and of organs than was obtained with 2 mg of growth hormone and prolactin without the auxiliary solution. Prednisone appeared to conserve body fat stores but induced atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius. Changes in organ weights followed the food intake (appetite). The increase of weight of crop sacs with prolactin was not synergized at low levels of dosage by growth hormone, prednisone and T4, but the maximal weight attainable in hypophysectomized pigeons was increased significantly by the mixture of all 4 hormones.
Electromechanical Design of a 16-T CCT Twin-Aperture Dipole for FCC (2017)

Canted-cosine-theta (CCT) technology has been studied for its suitability for a future-circular-collider (FCC) main dipole in terms of magnetic and mechanical performance, electrothermal protectability, as well as efficiency. In this paper, we present lessons learnt from our search for efficient CCT solutions by means of two-dimensional (2-D) magnetic and mechanical simulations, discuss the 3-D periodic mechanical model, as well as 3-D electromagnetic analysis of the end regions. Temperature and voltage distributions during a quench under simplifying assumptions are discussed, and the magnet's efficiency is compared to that of other contenders in the FCC design study. The results qualify the CCT design as a contender for the FCC main dipole.
Molybdenum(VI) Peroxo α-Amino Acid Complexes:  Synthesis, Spectra, and Properties of MoO(O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(α-aa)(H<sub>2</sub>O) for α-aa = Glycine, Alanine, Proline, Valine, Leucine, Serine, Asparagine, Glutamine, and Glutamic Acid. X-ray Crystal Structures of the Glycine, Alanine, and Proline Compounds (1997)

The compounds MoO(O(2))(2)(alpha-aa)(H(2)O), alpha-aa = glycine (1), alanine (2), proline (3), valine (4), leucine (5), serine (6), asparagine (7), glutamine (8), and glutamic acid (9), were prepared from the acidic aqueous solutions and characterized by examination of their IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR, and UV-visible spectra. They represent the first complexes containing a peroxo-alpha-amino acid combination in a metal ion ligand sphere. The synthesis and crystallization of these complexes was pH and concentration dependent, and their stability varied for different alpha-amino acids. X-ray structural studies of 1-3 have shown that the alpha-amino acids are coordinated as a zwitterion via one oxygen. This oxygen of the monodentate carboxylato group occupies an equatorial position in a distorted pentagonal bipyramid and encloses the pentagonal ring with the two bidentate peroxo groups. The apical positions are occupied by an oxo group and a water molecule, respectively. The Mo-O(O(2)) bonds are nonsymmetrical, differing in length by 0.009-0.045 Å. The longer bonds are located next to the coordinated carboxylato oxygen. A correlation between O-O and Mo-O bond lengths with the IR and UV-visible spectra of complexes 1-3 is discussed. Crystal structure of MoO(O(2))(2)(alanine)(H(2)O): monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c; Z = 4; a = 10.727(3) Å; b = 8.026(2) Å; c = 10.794(4) Å; beta = 110.81(2) degrees; V = 869 (Å)(3); R = 0.041. (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra in D(2)O solutions showed the presence of one complex species, which decomposed by standing in solution. Analogies and differences between Mo(VI) and V(V) peroxo complexes are outlined.
Verification and evaluation of internal flow and motion. True magnetic resonance imaging by the phase gradient modulation method. (1985)

We report qualitative and quantitative evaluation and verification studies of the bipolar phase gradient modulation method for true MR imaging of internal flow and motion velocities. Velocity encoding modulations provide speed-of-motion and direction-sensitive images using special phase-sensitive reconstructions. True motion MR imaging does not depend upon subject parameters, T1 or T2, nor upon selective active-volume time-of-flight calculations, nor is it limited strictly to fluid-flow velocities. Conventional MR sequences often induce strong accidental phase gradient modulations that can cause severe artifacts in conventional MR scans and limit the useful sensitivities of true motion MR. Multiple steps of velocity encoding allow resolution of separate elements of the velocity spectrum, and enable suppression of all such phase-artifact difficulties. Some view-to-view phase inconsistencies are intrinsic to the subject being scanned, e.g., strong motion variations during the heart cycle; limitations due to such effects require external modifications in the scanning, such as cardiac gating. Since conventional density information remains in the data, independent of velocity encoding modulations, we suggest a multiple encoding sequence and saving the MR raw data. These evaluations and verifications demonstrate exciting potential in clinical application for the phase gradient modulation method of true flow and motion MR imaging.
Vers une définition des besoins de perfectionnement des enseignants de français des niveaux élémentaire et secondaire (2009)

Compte rendu partiel des résultats d’une enquête auprès de professeurs de français, langue maternelle, afin de définir d’une façon objective : Nous retrouverons, dans l’article, la description du questionnaire et de l’échantillon, puis des résultats éclairant le point 1 et le point 4. Le tableau 1 indique la répartition des informateurs et le tableau 2, la représentativité de l’échantillon. Les figures 1-2-3 permettent d’évaluer globalement la compétence linguistique des enseignants (sens large : toutes les connaissances acquises dans tous les domaines où la langue joue un rôle essentiel). Les figures 4, 5 et 6 s’arrêtent sur le type de formation désirée par les enseignants. Il y a une différence d’orientation selon qu’il s’agit d’informateurs de l’élémentaire qui, en plus d’une formation générale, désirent que l’on mette l’accent sur l’enseignement de la didactique, alors que ceux du secondaire veulent une formation axée sur la linguistique ou sur la langue et la littérature. Les tableaux 3, 4, 5, 6 et 7 indiquent quelles sont les disciplines dans lesquelles ils souhaitent se perfectionner. Elles sont regroupées selon qu’elles développent la compétence linguistique ou la formation professionnelle. On retrouve la répartition des enseignants dans ces ensembles selon qu’ils sont du niveau élémentaire ou secondaire.
Hyred - HYbrid Job REcommenDation System (2015)

Nowadays people search job opportunities or candidates mainly online, where several websites for this purpose already do exist (LinkedIn, Guru and oDesk, amongst others). This task is especially difficult because of the large number of items to look for and manual compatibility verification. What we propose in this paper is a Hybrid Job Recommendation System that considers the user model (content-based filtering) and social interactions (collaborative filtering) to improve the quality of its recommendations. Our solution is also able to generate adequate teams for a given job opportunity, based not only on the needed competences but also on the social compatibility between their members.
Prognostic and predictive value of VHL gene alteration in renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis and review (2017)

The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene is often inactivated in sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by mutation or promoter hypermethylation. The prognostic or predictive value of VHL gene alteration is not well established. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the association between the VHL alteration and clinical outcomes in patients with RCC. We searched PUBMED, MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles including following terms in their titles, abstracts, or keywords: 'kidney or renal', 'carcinoma or cancer or neoplasm or malignancy', 'von Hippel-Lindau or VHL', 'alteration or mutation or methylation', and 'prognostic or predictive'. There were six studies fulfilling inclusion criteria and a total of 633 patients with clear cell RCC were included in the study: 244 patients who received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in the predictive value analysis and 419 in the prognostic value analysis. Out of 663 patients, 410 (61.8%) had VHL alteration. The meta-analysis showed no association between the VHL gene alteration and overall response rate (relative risk = 1.47 [95% CI, 0.81-2.67], P = 0.20) or progression free survival (hazard ratio = 1.02 [95% CI, 0.72-1.44], P = 0.91) in patients with RCC who received VEGF-targeted therapy. There was also no correlation between the VHL alteration and overall survival (HR = 0.80 [95% CI, 0.56-1.14], P = 0.21). In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that VHL gene alteration has no prognostic or predictive value in patients with clear cell RCC.
Detection of lard mixed with body fats of chicken, lamb, and cow by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (2001)

Abstract Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides a simple and rapid means of detecting lard blended with chicken, lamb, and cow body fats. The spectral bands associated with chicken, lamb, and cow body fats and their lard blends were recorded, interpreted, and identified. Qualitative differences between the spectra are proposed as a basis for differentiating between the pure animal fats and their blends. A semiquantitative approach is proposed to measure the percent of lard in blends with lamb body fat (LBF) on the basis of the frequency shift of the band in the region 3009–3000 cm −1 , using the equation y =0.1616 x +3002.10. The coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) was 0.9457 with a standard error (SE) of 1.23. The percentage of lard in lard/LBF blends was also correlated to the absorbance at 1417.89 and 966.39 cm −1 by the equations y =0.0061 x +0.1404 ( R 2 =0.9388, SE=0.018) and y =0.004 x +0.1117 ( R 2 =0.9715, SE=0.009), respectively. For the qualitative determination of lard blended with chicken body fat (CF), the FTIR spectral bands in the frequency ranges of 3008–3000, 1418–1417, 1385–1370, and 1126–1085 cm −1 were employed. Semiquantitative determination by measurement of the absorbance at 3005.6 cm −1 is proposed, using the equation y =0.0071 x +0.1301 ( R 2 =0.983, SE=0.012). The percentage of lard in lard/GF blends was also correlated to the absorbance at 1417.85 cm −1 ( y =0.0053 x +0.0821, with R 2 =0.9233, SE=0.019) and at 1377.58 cm −1 ( y =0.0069 x +0.1327, with R 2 =0.9426, SE=0.022). For blends of lard with cow body fat (CBF) bands in the range 3008–3006 cm −1 and at 1417.8 and 966 cm −1 were used for qualitative detection. The equation y =−0.005 x +0.3188 with R 2 =0.9831 and SE=0.0086 was obtained for semiquantitative determination at 966.22 cm −1 .
Comparison of the nitric oxide and cyclo‐oxygenase pathway in mesenteric resistance vessels of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (1997)

1. The double perfused mesentery was used to compare arterial and venous KCl- and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced responses in tissues taken from normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in the presence or absence of inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)) and cyclo-oxygenase (indomethacin, mefenamic acid). 2. KCl (20 to 120 mM K+) caused concentration-dependent increases in arterial and venous perfusion pressures. The maximal arterial effects were significantly higher in the SHRs than in the WKY, with no differences in the venous pressor responses. 3. L-NAME and L-NOARG (100 microM) had no effect on the basal perfusion pressures in tissues from either WKY or SHRs, and mefenamic acid only induced a significant reduction of the basal perfusion pressures in the venous mesenteric vessels isolated from WKY. 4. L-NAME and L-NOARG (100 microM) potentiated the pressor responses to KCl to the same extent in the venous and arterial beds derived from WKY and SHR, while indomethacin and mefenamic acid (5 microM) only significantly decreased these responses in WKY. 5. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxations (1 nM to 10 microM) were significantly higher in arterial beds of WKY than in SHR, without differences in the venous relaxant responses. 6. L-NAME (100 microM) inhibited ACh-induced relaxations in arterial and venous beds from both groups of rats. Mefenamic acid was without effect on ACh-induced relaxations in either the arterial or the venous beds from WKY and SHR. 7. In conclusion, the liberation of NO in the perfused mesenteric vasculatures requires an active tone and no dysfunction of NO synthase activity is functionally apparent in the mesenteries isolated from SHRs. The cyclo-oxygenase pathway is only implicated in the KCl-induced responses of tissues derived from WKY, but not in the vasodilatations induced by ACh in either the arterial or the venous vasculatures from WKY and SHR.
16S rRNA Gene Sequence of Neorickettsia helminthoeca and Its Phylogenetic Alignment with Members of the Genus Ehrlichia (1995)

Neorickettsia helminthoeca (tribe Ehrlichieae, family Rickettsiaceae) is the agent of salmon poisoning disease, which affects members of the family Canidae. This bacterium is unusual in that it is the only known obligately intracellular bacterium that is transmitted via a helminth vector. The nucleotide sequence of the N. helminthoeca 16S rRNA gene was determined and compared with the sequences of intracellular bacteria belonging to the alpha subgroup of the Proteobacteria. The N. helminthoeca sequence was most similar to the sequences of two Ehrlichia species, Ehrlichia risticii and Ehrlichia sennetsu (levels of sequence similarity, > 95%). All other members of the tribe Ehrlichieae, including members of the other Ehrlichia species, and the related species Cowdria ruminantium and Anaplasma marginale, were only distantly related phylogenetically (levels of sequence similarity, 84 to 86%). Our results corroborate the results of previous ultrastructural and Western blot (immunoblot) comparisons of N. helminthoeca with other ehrlichial species. The genus Ehrlichia is phylogenetically incoherent and can be separated into three identifiable clusters of species. Each cluster is closely associated with a species classified in another non-Ehrlichia bacterial genus. The close relationships among N. helminthoeca, E. risticii, and E. sennetsu and the striking differences between these organisms and other members of the tribe Ehrlichieae suggest that in the future, these organisms should be treated as members of a new bacterial genus separate from the genus Ehrlichia.
Inhibition of Formation of Rev-RRE Complex by Pyronin Y (1993)

The interaction of pyronin Y, an RNA intercalating drug, with the binding of Rev protein from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to Rev-responsive element (RRE)-containing env RNA was studied. In gel retardation assays, recombinant Rev protein tightly bound to in vitro transcribed RRE RNA. Nitrocellulose-filter-binding studies revealed a dissociation constant of ≈(1–2) = 10 −10 M (Pfeifer et al., 1991). Pyronin Y efficiently suppressed formation of the Rev-RRE complex. At a concentration of 1 μg ml −1 , complex formation was almost completely inhibited. Electron microscopy showed that Rev oligomerizes in the presence of RRE-containing RNA with the formation of short rod-like structures or long filaments, depending on the length of the transcript. Assembly of Rev protein along RRE-containing RNAs was abolished after addition of pyronin Y. Thus pyronin Y represents the first compound described to inhibit Rev-RRE complex formation.
Combinatorial chemistry of oxynitride phosphors and discovery of a novel phosphor for use in light emitting diodes, Ca1.5Ba0.5Si5N6O3:Eu2+ (2013)

Solid-state combinatorial chemistry (combi-chem) has been proven to be a versatile tool for the discovery of novel phosphors in the multi-compositional (oxy)nitride search space. Since the advent of a unique solid-state combi-chem technique involving heuristic optimization strategies such as a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA), we have discovered several novel phosphors. The present investigation was focused on a phosphor that was previously discovered using this technique, but was incompletely identified, on pinpointing the optimum processing composition of the discovered phosphor exhibiting promising PL properties with the assistance of particle swarm optimization (PSO), and on identifying the exact structure based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction data. The exact stoichiometry of the discovered, unknown phosphor was determined to be Ca1.5Ba0.5Si5N6O3:Eu2+ and was indexed as a monoclinic lattice in the Cm space group, with lattice parameters a = 7.07033(2) Å, b = 23.86709(7) Å, c = 4.825304(15) Å, and β = 109.0647(2)°. A structural determination process that involved a direct method, simulated annealing, and Rietveld refinement revealed that the exact structure of Ca1.5Ba0.5Si5N6O3:Eu2+ was somewhat a composite structure combining the well known CaSi2N2O2:Eu2+ and BaSi6N8O:Eu2+ structures. The discovered phosphor showed a broad-band type emission of yellow-red light under UV and blue light excitations, which makes it a promising candidate for practical use in LED applications.