gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using hidden scale for salient object detection (2006)

This paper describes a method for detecting salient regions in remote-sensed images, based on scale and contrast interaction. We consider the focus on salient structures as the first stage of an object detection/recognition algorithm, where the salient regions are those likely to contain objects of interest. Salient objects are modeled as spatially localized and contrasted structures with any kind of shape or size. Their detection exploits a probabilistic mixture model that takes two series of multiscale features as input, one that is more sensitive to contrast information, and one that is able to select scale. The model combines them to classify each pixel in salient/nonsalient class, giving a binary segmentation of the image. The few parameters are learned with an EM-type algorithm.
Seasonal Patterns of Dehydrins in Bark Tissue of Eight Species of Woody Plants (1995)

Studies with herbaceous crops have indicated a similarity in the types of proteins that accumulate in response to environmental stresses and ABA. Many of these proteins belong to a group called dehydrins. We have identified a 60 kDa dehydrin-related protein (PCA 60) in peach associated with cold hardiness. Our objective was to determine if seasonal induction of dehydrins are a common feature in a wide array of woody plants Bark tissues from eight species of woody plants were collected monthly for 1.5 years. The species included: Prunus persica `Loring'; Malus domestica `Golden Delicious'; Rubus sp. `Chester'; Populus sp.; Salix babylonica; Cornus florida; Sassafras albidum , and Robinia Pseudo-acacia . Protein extraction, SDSPAGE, and immunoblotting were performed as previously reported. Immunoblots were probed with a polyclonal antibody recognizing a conserved region of dehydrin proteins (provided by Timothy Close). Although some proteins, immunologically related to dehydrins, appeared lo be constitutive, distinct seasonal patterns associated with winter acclimation were observed in all species. The molecular weights of these proteins varied, although there were similarities in related species (willow and poplar). Although this study represents a precursory examination of dehydrins, the results indicate that these proteins are common to woody plants and that further research to characterize their function is warranted.
A practical guide to the design of differential files for recovery of on-line databases (1982)

The concept of a differential file has previously been proposed as an efficient means of collecting database updates for on-line systems. This paper studies the problem of database backup and recovery for such systems, and presents an analytic model of their operation. Five key design decisions are identified and an optimization procedure for each is developed. A design algorithm that quickly provides parameters for a near-optimal differential file architecture is provided.
Route leak detection using real-time analytics on local BGP information (2014)

A route leak can be defined as a security gap that occurs due to the infringement of the routing policies that any two Autonomous Systems (ASes) have agreed upon. Route leaks are seemingly simple, but hard to resolve since the ASes keep their routing policies confidential. Indeed, the traditional palliatives, such as the utilization of route filters, are no longer used by a large number of ASes, given the high administrative burden that they entail. Other alternatives, like BGP monitoring tools, not only require third party information gathered at multiple vantage points, but also they become impotent in many cases, due to their limited view of the interdomain routing state. In this paper, we propose a different approach, which allows to autonomously detect the occurrence of route leaks by solely inspecting the BGP information available at the AS. Our main contributions can be summarized as follows. First, we propose a self-contained Route Leak Detection (RLD) technique, which is based on real-time analytics on the Route Information Bases (RIBs) of the border routers of an AS. Second, we introduce Benign Fool Back (BFB), "a harmless bluff" that can substantially improve the success rate of the RLD technique. Third, we show through exhaustive simulations that our technique can detect route leak incidents in various scenarios with high success rate. In addition, our solution has the following practical advantages: a) no reliance on third party information (e.g., on vantage points); b) no changes required to control-plane protocols (e.g., to BGP); and c) allows non-invasive integration (e.g., using SDN).
Acrylamide derivatives as antiallergic agents. 2. Synthesis and structure activity relationships of N-[4-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-3-(3-pyridyl)acrylamides (1989)

A new series of 3-(3-pyridyl)acrylamides 16, 17, 19, and 26, and 5-(3-pyridyl)-2,4-pentadienamides 20-25 were prepared and evaluated for their antiallergic activity. Several of these compounds exhibited more potent inhibitory activities than the parent compound 1a [(E)-N-[4-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-3- (3-pyridyl)acrylamide] against the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction and the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. Particularly, (E)-N-[4-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-3- (6-methyl-3-pyridyl)acrylamide (17p) showed an ED50 value of 3.3 mg/kg po in the rat PCA test, which was one-fifth of ketotifen and oxatomide. As compared with ketotifen and oxatomide, compound 17p (AL-3264) possessed a better balance of antiallergic properties due to inhibition of chemical mediator release, inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase, and antagonism of histamine.
Thalidomide and a Thalidomide Analogue Drug Costimulate Virus‐Specific CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells In Vitro (2003)

CD8(+) T cell immunity is critical for protection from viral disease, such as that caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV). It is therefore important to identify therapies that can boost antiviral immunity. The recent finding that thalidomide acts as a T cell costimulator suggested that this drug may boost antiviral CD8(+) T cell responses. In this in vitro study, in a human autologous CD8(+) T cell/dendritic cell (DC) coculture system, thalidomide and a potent thalidomide analogue were shown to enhance virus-specific CD8(+) T cell cytokine production and cytotoxic activity. The drug-enhanced antiviral activity was noted in cells from both healthy donors and persons chronically coinfected with HIV and CMV. This stimulatory effect was directed at CD8(+) T cells, and not DCs. These results suggest an application for thalidomide and the thalidomide analogue as a novel immune-adjuvant therapy in chronic viral infections.
The QT interval: a predictor of the plasma and myocardial concentrations of amiodarone. (1984)

A study was performed to assess whether plasma and myocardial concentrations of amiodarone correlated with changes on the surface electrocardiogram. Nine patients--seven with angina and two with paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia--were treated with oral amiodarone (200-400 mg daily) for at least nine months before undergoing cardiac surgery. QT intervals were measured from lead II of the surface electrocardiograms recorded before amiodarone treatment and immediately before surgery. Patients with prominent U waves after taking amiodarone were excluded from the study. Plasma and myocardial samples were collected at the beginning of the surgical procedure for estimating plasma and myocardial concentrations using the high performance liquid chromatographic technique. Amiodarone caused a significant lengthening of the QTc interval. There was a good correlation between plasma and myocardial concentrations, and both correlated well with the percentage increase in the QTc interval. Although there was a strong correlation between the dosage given (mg/kg/day) and both plasma and myocardial concentrations, the correlation with the percentage increase in the QTc interval was weaker but still highly significant. Despite previous reports to the contrary, the findings indicate that the plasma concentration of amiodarone does correlate well with the myocardial concentration. The degree of lengthening of the QTc interval may be used clinically to estimate the myocardial concentration of amiodarone.
Yield Analysis and Optimization (2008)

This chapter discusses yield loss mechanisms, yield analysis and common physical design methods to improve yield. Yield optimization methods work with the measure, model, and mitigate flow. Root cause analysis of failures is a necessary component of the yield improvement and process ramp-up process. Yield prediction requires modeling of various complicated physical and statistical phenomena. The yield analysis problem can be decomposed into the analysis of parametric and catastrophic failures. The analysis of chip failures and consequent yield loss is an active area of research, and there is little consensus on yield metrics and calculation methods in process-variability regime. The extraction of critical area for various types of faults poses the major computational bottleneck in very large scale integration random yield prediction. Back-end-of-the-line yield and manufacturability optimization is a complicated task. Redundant via insertion provides another effective way of increasing design reliability and yield.
Diagnosis of Intestinal Graft-versus-Host Disease and Thrombotic Microangiopathy after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (2012)

Severe diarrhea is a serious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been one of the major causes of diarrhea after HSCT, which is triggered by donor-derived cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. On the other hand, intestinal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) sometimes coexists with acute GVHD, and intensified immunosuppression to treat acute GVHD could exacerbate intestinal TMA, presumably through the vascular endothelial cell damage. The differential diagnosis between intestinal TMA and acute GVHD of the gut has mainly relied on the pathological findings, as clinical diagnosis of intestinal TMA has not been established. Therefore, we aimed to assess the feasibility of our clinical diagnosis for the patients with diarrhea after HSCT. We made tentative clinical criteria for intestinal TMA and acute GVHD of the gut, based on the clinical manifestations, laboratory data and colonoscopic findings, and started treatment before pathological diagnosis were made. Subsequently, a pathologist retrospectively assessed the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in a blind manner. In this study, we enrolled 19 patients complicating watery diarrhea after HSCT, and diagnosed as having acute GVHD (n = 10), intestinal TMA (n = 3), or both (n = 6) according to our criteria. We demonstrated that our clinical diagnosis for intestinal TMA and acute GVHD of the gut was overall correct, in terms of the response to the therapy and the pathological diagnosis. The present study may provide a clue on making clinical diagnosis of patients with watery diarrhea after HSCT, which enables us to start a prompt therapy.
INDIVIDUALIZATION OF CYCLOSPORINE THERAPY USING PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC PARAMETERS (1985)

Initial studies utilizing cyclosporine (CsA)1 immunosuppression documented not only therapeutic efficacy (1), but also appreciable interindividual variation, both in clinical responses and in serum drug concentrations, in spite of fixed dosage regimens (2, 3). Optimal CsA schedules are difficult to establish: on the one hand, the therapeutic effect is not easily quantitated, both because of the absence of objective signs, such as blood pressure provides for antihypertensive agents, and because of the delayed time frame in which to detect rejection in the event of inadequate therapy, which results from the lack of suitable intermediate points with proved correlation with immunosuppression. On the other hand, CsA causes toxic side effects capable of increasing morbidity. Assuming that toxic levels of CsA exceed therapeutic levels, many physicians have routinely administered enough CsA to keep the patient nephrotoxic, in order to avert rejection. However, high initial doses of CsA appear to be associated with intractable nephrotoxicity and renal interstitial fibrosis (4). Indeed, as in theophylline, there appears—at least in some patients—to be an overlap of the concentration/response relationship for therapeutic and toxic effects, neither of which are clearly related to the administered dose. In other pharmacologic settings of a narrow therapeutic range, in part because of the lipophilic nature of the agent and its low apparent bioavailability, with toxic side effects upon overdosage and minimal effect upon underdosage, individualization of the drug regimen has achieved the specific goals of treatment. This overview addresses the question of whether therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacokinetic analyses, and/or pharmacodynamic assessment of renal transplant recipients proffer criteria suitable for individualization of the CsA regimen, in order to afford prophylaxis of rejection episodes and minimize nephrotoxicity, thereby improving the risk: benefit ratio, obviating the variable outcome, and achieving uniform success of immunosuppressive therapy.
Health recording in Canadian Holsteins: Data and genetic parameters (2012)

The objective of this study was to investigate if health data recorded by Canadian dairy producers can be used for genetic selection. Eight diseases are recorded by producers on a voluntary basis: mastitis, displaced abomasum, ketosis, milk fever, retained placenta, metritis, cystic ovaries, and lameness. Between 40 to 60% of all herds had to be excluded by editing procedures for each trait, assuming unreliable health recording. All analyses were carried out for first-lactation Holstein cows. The majority of disease cases occurred in the first month of lactation. Mean disease frequencies were 12.6, 3.7, 4.5, 4.6, 10.8, 8.2, and 9.2% for mastitis, displaced abomasum, ketosis, retained placenta, metritis, cystic ovaries, and lameness, respectively. Milk fever was very rare in first-lactation cows with a frequency of only 0.20%, and was, therefore, not considered in the analyses. Univariate and bivariate linear animal models were fitted. Heritabilities for mastitis, displaced abomasum, ketosis, retained placenta, metritis, cystic ovaries, and lameness were 0.02, 0.06, 0.03, 0.03, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.01, respectively. Genetic correlations between diseases were mostly positive. The strongest genetic correlations were found between displaced abomasum and ketosis (0.64) and between retained placenta and metritis (0.62). The remaining genetic correlations ranged from -0.22 (between metritis and lameness) to 0.49 (between mastitis and lameness). In agreement with the genetic correlations, the largest phenotypic correlations were found between displaced abomasum and ketosis (0.27) and retained placenta and metritis (0.14). All other phenotypic correlations were low and close to zero (0.00 to 0.06). Pearson correlations between breeding values for health traits and other routinely evaluated traits were computed, which revealed noticeable favorable relationships to direct herd life and fertility. In addition, a moderate favorable association was found between mastitis and somatic cell score. Mastitis is the most promising trait to be included in routine genetic evaluation, because it is the most recorded disease and has a high frequency and positive genetic correlations to all other health traits. Although, about 40% of all Canadian dairy producers participate in the health-recording system, a large proportion of the data are lost after data validation. Thus, dairy producers should be encouraged to keep accurate and complete health data.
Mechanism of the Growth-related Activation of the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Pathway (1989)

Growth activation of quiescent cells leads to enhanced low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression at the cell surface. To determine the basis for this stimulated receptor activity, we measured LDL receptor activity, changes in receptor protein mass, and mRNA abundance in quiescent and growth-activated cultured human skin fibroblasts. Growth activation, using insulin or platelet-derived growth factor, led to dose-dependent increases in cellular LDL receptor mRNA level (average 5.2-fold increase at 10 ng/ml platelet-derived growth factor, 4.1-fold increase at 58 ng/ml insulin) and cell surface expression (average 3.5-fold increase at 10 ng/ml platelet-derived growth factor, 2.5-fold increase at 58 ng/ml insulin). Increased LDL receptor mRNA levels could be detected as early as 2 h after addition of growth factor (3.2-fold), whereas increased levels of LDL receptor binding and mass were not detected until after 4-8 h. Growth activation led to induction of LDL receptor gene transcription, led to induction of LDL receptor gene transcription, and the increase of LDL receptor mRNA produced by addition of growth factor was completely prevented by actinomycin D. These observations indicate that growth-related activation of the LDL receptor pathway is accounted for, primarily, by growth-activated enhancement of LDL receptor gene transcription.
Single-electron switch for phase-locked single-electron logic devices (1992)

Single-electron switch is proposed and analysed as a basic logic/memory component, in which binary unity/zero is represented by the presence/absence of a single-electron and the binary codes can be exchanged between different nodes by changing external biases. To realise single-electron switch, a novel side-gated FET structure is proposed. The performance of phase-locked single-electron logic, which is constructed by single-electron switches, is analysed from the measured tunnelling characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and bioactivity of some fluorine‐containing benzoyl arylureas. Part II: Insecticidal products in which the aryl group bears a polyfluoroalkoxy or (polyfluoroalkoxy)alkoxy side chain (1992)

Abstract This paper reports the synthesis and insecticidal activities of benzoyl arylureas in which the aryl group bears a polyfluoroalkoxy or (polyfluoroalkoxy)alkoxy side‐chain. The activity of these compounds has been evaluated against larvae of S. littoralis , A. aegypti and L. decemlineata . The effects have been studied of varying (a) the substituents, R1 and R 2 in the 2‐and 6‐positions of the benzoyl moiety; (b) the polyfluoroalkoxy chain R 1 in the 4‐position of the aryl moiety; and (c) the other substituent(s), R3, on this ring. In general, the highest activities were achieved against S. littoralis when R 1 , R 2 = F, R 3 = 2‐F and R 1 = OCF 2 CFHOCF3 or R 1 = Cl and R 2 = H. R 3 = 2‐Cl and R 1 = OCF 2 CFHOCF 3 ; against A. aegypti when R 1 , R 2 = F. R 3 = 3‐F and R 1 = OCF 2 CFHOCF 3 or R 1 = Cl and R 2 = H. R 3 = 3‐F and R 1 = OCF 2 CFHOCF 3 ; and against L. decemlineata by compounds in which R 1 = Cl and R 2 = H. R 3 = 3. 5‐CI and R 1 = OCF 2 CFHOCF 3 , R 1 , R 2 = F, R 3 = 3.5‐Cl and R 1 = OCF 2 CFHOCF 2 CF 3 , R 1 , R 2 = F, R 3 = 3‐CI and R 1 = OCF 2 CFHOCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 . The greatest overall insecticidal activities were achieved when R 1 , R 2 = F, R 3 = 2‐F and R 1 = OCF 2 CFHOCF 3 and when R 1 , R 2 = F, R 3 = 3‐Cl and R 1 = OCF 2 CFHOCF 3 .
High-fat and high-sucrose (western) diet induces steatohepatitis that is dependent on fructokinase (2013)

An additive effect of high-fat and high-sucrose diet on the development of hepatic steatosis exists. Further, the combination of sucrose with high-fat diet may induce steatohepatitis. The protection in fructokinase knockout mice suggests a key role for fructose (from sucrose) in this development of steatohepatitis. These studies emphasize the important role of fructose in the development of fatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Repair of Cisplatin−DNA Adducts by the Mammalian Excision Nuclease (1996)

Nucleotide excision repair is one of the many cellular defense mechanisms against the toxic effects of cisplatin. An in vitro excision repair assay employing mammalian cell-free extracts was used to determine that the 1,2-d(ApG) intrastrand cross-link, a prevalent cisplatin-DNA adduct, is excised by the excinuclease from a site-specifically modified oligonucleotide 156 base pairs in length. Repair of the minor interstrand d(G)/d(G) cross-link was not detected by using this system. Proteins containing the high mobility group (HMG) domain DNA-binding motif, in particular, rat HMG1 and a murine testis-specific HMG-domain protein, specifically inhibit excision repair of the intrastrand 1,2-d(GpG) and -d(ApG) cross-links. This effect was also exhibited by a single HMG domain from HMG1. Similar inhibition of repair of a site-specific 1,2-d(GpG) intrastrand cross-link by an HMG-domain protein also occurred in a reconstituted system containing highly purified repair factors. These results indicate that HMG-domain proteins can block excision repair of the major cisplatin-DNA adducts and suggest that such an activity could contribute to the unique sensitivity of certain tumors to the drug. The reconstituted excinuclease was more efficient at excising the 1,3-d(GpTpG) intrastrand adduct than either the 1,2-d(GpG) or d(ApG) intrastrand adducts, in agreement with previous experiments using whole cell extracts [Huang, J. -C., Zamble, D. B., Reardon, J. T., Lippard, S. J., Sancar, A. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 10394-10398]. This result suggests that structural differences among the platinated DNA substrates, and not the presence of unidentified cellular factors, determine the relative excision repair rates of cisplatin-DNA intrastrand cross-links in the whole cell extracts.
The Effectiveness of Verbal Information Provided by Electronic Travel Aids for Visually Impaired Persons (2011)

The effectiveness of different types of verbal information provided by electronic travel aids was studied in a real-life setting. Assessments included wayfinding performance and the preferences of 24 visually impaired users. The participants preferred a combination of route information and environmental information, even though this information did not always result in their optimal wayfinding performance.
Progesterone Deficiency and Premature Labour (1974)

Plasma oestradiol 17beta and progesterone levels in 11 patients admitted to hospital for threatened premature labour of unknown aetiology were compared with those of women at similar stages of gestation whose pregnancy was normal. Oestradiol levels in the study group were slightly higher than in the normal controls but their progesterone levels were significantly lower. This progesterone deficiency increased the oestradiol/progesterone ratio in the study group patients, and it increased still more as the progesterone withdrawal continued during premature labour.Since uterine activity during pregnancy is regulated by a balanced action of several factors a deficiency in progesterone, an opponent of uterine activity, creates a regulatory imbalance which, if uncorrected, provokes premature labour. An increase in uterine volume stimulates uterine activity, and the present study reinforced our previous conclusion that the uterine-volume/plasma-progesterone ratio is a more accurate measure of the state of regulatory balance than the progesterone level alone.The cause of the progesterone deficiency in these cases remains unexplained, but we suggest that placental growth and function are contributory factors. We are investigating ways of correcting the resulting imbalance in the regulatory mechanism.