gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Juana Manuela Gorriti y Cora Olivia: el problema de la esclavitud y la publicitación de Panoramas de la vida en La Ondina del Plata (2016)

This paper is structured around two separate analyses: Juana Manuela Gorriti’s authorial figure and her narrative’s approach to the issue of slavery. First we study the narrative treatment of slavery in three stories –“La quena”, “El angel caido” and “Peregrinaciones de una alma triste”– emphasizing her commitment to this issue. Secondly, we analyze how Cora Olivia promotes Gorriti’s novelistic production, highlighting her sensibility in view of the unjust and rootlessness situations lived by slaves. A detailed reading of her article –“Conversaciones literarias”, published in La Ondina del Plata in 1877– allows us to see that next to the explicit objective of supporting the novelistic genre by mentioning “good novels” such as “La quena”, there is another implicit goal: to refute and correct the first critical judgments emitted against Gorriti’s writing. The detection of this covert defense, plus the identification of other data from the text and its context, allows us to formulate a hypothesis about the identity of Cora Olivia.
Proteolytic Activation of Proapoptotic Kinase PKCδ Is Regulated by Overexpression of Bcl‐2 (2003)

We previously demonstrated that the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin, a potential chemical risk factor for development of Parkinson's disease (PD), impairs mitochondrial function and promotes apoptosis in dopaminergic PC12 cells. We further demonstrated that caspase-3-dependent proteolytic activation of a member of the novel PKC family, protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), contributes to apoptotic cell death in dopaminergic cells. In the present study, we report that the proapoptotic function of PKCdelta can be regulated by overexpression of the mitochondrial anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 in dieldrin-treated dopaminergic cells. Exposure to dieldrin (30 or 100 micro M) for 3 h produced a dose-dependent increase in caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation in vector-transfected PC12 cells. Overexpression of human Bcl-2 in PC12 cells completely suppressed dieldrin-induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, dieldrin-induced proteolytic activation of PKCdelta was also remarkably reduced in Bcl-2-overexpressed cells. Together, these results suggest that the proapoptotic function of PKCdelta can be regulated by mitochondrial redox modulators during neurodegenerative processes.
Development of a variable focal length concave mirror for on-shot thermal lens correction in rod amplifiers (2006)

An optical surface of variable concave parabolic shape and a clear aperture of 30 mm was created using two rings to deform a flat 50.8 mm diameter mirror. The deformable mirror assembly was modeled using finite element analysis software as well as analytical solutions. Measured parabolic surface deformation showed good agreement with those models. Mirror performance was quantitatively studied using an interferometer and focal lengths from hundreds of meters down to the meter scale have been achieved. In this publication, the deformable mirror has been applied to compensate on shot thermal lensing in 16 mm diameter and 25 mm diameter Nd:Phosphate glass rod amplifiers by using only a single actuator. The possibility to rapidly change focal lengths across two to three orders of magnitude has applications for remote sensing, such as laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIDAR, and control of laser filament formation.
Electric railway traction. Part 5: Train detection, communications and supervision (1996)

This article describes systems in use for railway control and communications, and surveys current developments. This article describes the hardware necessary for detecting the position of trains and transmitting information between trains and track control systems. This equipment includes track circuits, transponders and beacons, track conductors, and freespace radio. The implementation of automatic train control systems as a hierarchical process is also covered and the article concludes with a summary of applications of computers and information technology in sophisticated integrated control centres with an overview of the development of the North American Advanced Train Control System (ATCS) and the European Train Control System (ETCS).
1920 × 1080 Pixel Color Camera with a Progressive Scan Output at 60 FPS (1997)

A high definition camera has been developed that produces color images with 1920 times 1080 pixels progressively scanned at 60 frames per second (FPS). The camera uses two recently developed CCD sensors made by Eastman Kodak. One sensor detects luminance detail and is progressively scanned at 30 FPS. The other has color stripe filters and is progressively scanned two lines at a time at 60 frames per second. The second sensor is used to derive color and low resolutions luminance. Because of the progressive scan, the vertical and horizontal resolution is 1000 TV lines per picture height. Motion rendition is excellent. The sensor and processor are programmable so that all of the scan formats that are likely to be used in the near future can be produced by the camera.
From Single Microparticles to Microfluidic Emulsification: Fundamental Properties (Solubility, Density, Phase Separation) from Micropipette Manipulation of Solvent, Drug and Polymer Microspheres (2016)

The micropipette manipulation technique is capable of making fundamental single particle measurements and analyses. This information is critical for establishing processing parameters in systems such as microfluidics and homogenization. To demonstrate what can be achieved at the single particle level, the micropipette technique was used to form and characterize the encapsulation of Ibuprofen (Ibp) into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres from dichloromethane (DCM) solutions, measuring the loading capacity and solubility limits of Ibp in typical PLGA microspheres. Formed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, Ibp/PLGA/DCM microdroplets were uniformly solidified into Ibp/PLGA microparticles up to drug loadings (DL) of 41%. However, at DL 50 wt% and above, microparticles showed a phase separated pattern. Working with single microparticles, we also estimated the dissolution time of pure Ibp microspheres in the buffer or in detergent micelle solutions, as a function of the microsphere size and compare that to calculated dissolution times using the Epstein-Plesset (EP) model. Single, pure Ibp microparticles precipitated as liquid phase microdroplets that then gradually dissolved into the surrounding PBS medium. Analyzing the dissolution profiles of Ibp over time, a diffusion coefficient of 5.5 ± 0.2 × 10−6 cm2/s was obtained by using the EP model, which was in excellent agreement with the literature. Finally, solubilization of Ibp into sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles was directly visualized microscopically for the first time by the micropipette technique, showing that such micellization could increase the solubility of Ibp from 4 to 80 mM at 100 mM SDS. We also introduce a particular microfluidic device that has recently been used to make PLGA microspheres, showing the importance of optimizing the flow parameters. Using this device, perfectly smooth and size-homogeneous microparticles were formed for flow rates of 0.167 mL/h for the dispersed phase (Qd) and 1.67 mL/h for the water phase (Qc), i.e., a flow rate ratio Qd/Qc of 10, based on parameters such as interfacial tension, dissolution rates and final concentrations. Thus, using the micropipette technique to observe the formation, and quantify solvent dissolution, solidification or precipitation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or excipient for single and individual microparticles, represents a very useful tool for understanding microsphere-processes and hence can help to establish process conditions without resorting to expensive and material-consuming bulk particle runs.
Fast failover for control traffic in Software-defined Networks (2012)

The Software-defined Network (SDN) design decouples forwarding and control planes, and runs the controlling functions on servers that might be in different physical locations from the forwarding elements. Such separation introduces new challenges to the network resiliency, because disconnection between switches and the controller could disable the forwarding plane. In this work, we analyze resiliency of the connection between control and forwarding planes in SDN. We propose algorithms to improve this resiliency by maximizing the possibility of fast failover-which we achieve through resilience-aware controller placement and control-traffic routing in the network.
Resonant cavity photodetectors in silicon-on-insulator (1996)

Summary form only given. Presently GaAs metal semiconductor metal (MSM) photodetectors are used for most optical data link systems operating at about 780-850 nm. The MSMs are generally preferred over p-i-n structures due to their low capacitance per unit area. To compare the effect of different substrates for MSM detectors, identical 80 micron-diameter devices were fabricated both on Si and Si-on-insulator (SOI).
Gemischte Mg/Li‐Amide des Typs R<sub>2</sub>NMgCl⋅LiCl als hoch effiziente Basen zur regioselektiven Synthese funktionalisierter Aryl‐ und Heteroarylmagnesium‐Verbindungen (2006)

Hoch regioselektiv setzen die gemischten Lithium-Magnesium-Komplexe vom Typ R2NMgCl⋅LiCl eine Reihe von funktionalisierten aromatischen und heteroaromatischen Substraten zu den entsprechenden magnesierten Verbindungen um, die sich anschließend weiter modifizieren lassen (siehe Schema). Hintergrundinformationen zu diesem Beitrag sind im WWW unter http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z504024_s.pdf zu finden oder können beim Autor angefordert werden. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Scalable High‐Performance Nanolaminated SERS Substrates Based on Multistack Vertically Oriented Plasmonic Nanogaps (2019)

Abstract Metallic nanogap structures can support gap surface plasmon modes and strongly concentrate optical fields to enable surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for label‐free biochemical analysis down to single molecule level. However, current scalable SERS substrates based on horizontally oriented plasmonic nanogaps still face challenges for accurate sub‐10 nm control of in‐plane nanostructures. Here, we report a new type of scalable high‐performance SERS substrate based on multistack vertically oriented nanogap hotspots in metal–insulator–metal nanolaminated plasmonic crystals. In contrast to horizontally oriented nanogaps, vertically oriented plasmonic nanogaps can be controlled at subnanometer resolution in the multilayered thin‐film deposition process. After a partial etching of dielectric layers, embedded nanogap hotspots in nanolaminated SERS substrates can be exposed to further increase SERS enhancement factors (EFs) by over one order of magnitude from ≈1 × 10 7 to ≈1.6 × 10 8 . Moreover, oxygen plasma can be used to regenerate clean nanogap hotspots for repeated SERS measurements with maintained high SERS EFs (>1 × 10 8 ). Therefore, this work presents a novel out‐of‐plane plasmonic engineering approach to design and manufacture scalable high‐performance reusable SERS substrates for various biochemical analysis applications that prefer high spatial‐temporal resolution and good hotspot uniformity.
Fabrication of microneedle array using inclined LIGA process (2004)

We demonstrate a novel fabrication techonology for painless microneedle array with PMMA (PolyMethylMeta Acrylic). In order to make painless transdermal microneedle array for drug injection and blood extraction, inclined LIGA process is applied to demonstrate the fabrication feasibility. This process provides more sharp, robust and high out-of-plane microneedle array structure than conventional silicon based microneedle array. The microneedle proto-types, which have different shape of tip, base and hole type, have been successfully fabricated and tested by penetrating human hand skin to extract whole blood. With the new fabrication technology, microneedles had sufficient mechanical strength, height and sharpness to penetrate hand skin without pain and needle tip break. The PMMA microneedle array can be used as a mass production mold base for nickel electroplating process; on the other hand, silicon based microneedle array is used in itself.
Discrete and continuous min-energy schedules for variable voltage processors (2006)

Current dynamic voltage scaling techniques allow the speed of processors to be set dynamically to save energy consumption, which is a major concern in microprocessor design. A theoretical model for min-energy job scheduling was first proposed a decade ago, and it was shown that for any convex energy function, the min-energy schedule for a set of n jobs has a unique characterization and is computable in O(n(3)) time. This algorithm has remained as the most efficient known despite many investigations of this model. In this work, we give an algorithm with running time O(n(2) log n) for finding the min-energy schedule. In contrast to the previous algorithm, which outputs optimal speed levels from high to low iteratively, our algorithm is based on finding successive approximations to the optimal schedule. At the core of the approximation is an efficient partitioning of the job set into high and low speed subsets by any speed threshold, without computing the exact speed function.
A review of spaceborne infrared Fourier transform spectrometers for remote sensing (1995)

Infrared spectroscopy has many applications, and the Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) has become an important analytical tool for these purposes. In addition to its use in benign laboratory environments, the FTS has found great acceptance for the difficult tasks of remote sensing of the Earth from satellites, and for space exploration by probes to other planets. This paper provides an overview of the characteristics and applications of many of the spaceborne FTS systems used in the past as well as those on the drawing boards for future use. A discussion of critical design issues is included in addition. A review of Fourier transform spectroscopy principles; a brief history of FTS instrument development; and a discussion of a possible future direction are also provided. An extensive list of references is contained as well.
Laying siege to the grid (2004)

Arsenic [As(III) and As(V)] adsorption on aluminum substituted cobalt ferrite (Co-Al-Fe) ternary metal oxide adsorbent is reported by means of qualitative and quantitative spectroscopy tools. IR and Raman active signals were observed around 810-920 cm<sup>-1</sup> band indicate different As-OH<sub>complexed</sub> and As-O<sub>uncomplexed</sub> stretching vibrations on to the adsorbent. The adsorption behavior of arsenic (III and V) onto these adsorbents is studied as a function of contact time, different concentrations, and pH conditions. The kinetics study on adsorption were performed to understand nature of adsorption which supports the Pseudo Second Order (PSO) model. The adsorption isotherms study indicates Freundlich type of adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of Co-Al-Fe adsorbent is observed around 130 and 76 mg g<sup>-1</sup> for As(III) and As(V) systems, respectively. Detailed XPS study of As 3d, Fe 2p, Co 2p, and O 1s spectra has been reported in explaining the redox behavior and ligand exchange reactions in supporting arsenic adsorption mechanism.
Mutant Alleles of <i>lptD</i> Increase the Permeability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Define Determinants of Intrinsic Resistance to Antibiotics (2015)

ABSTRACT Gram-negative bacteria provide a particular challenge to antibacterial drug discovery due to their cell envelope structure. Compound entry is impeded by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the outer membrane (OM), and those molecules that overcome this barrier are often expelled by multidrug efflux pumps. Understanding how efflux and permeability affect the ability of a compound to reach its target is paramount to translating in vitro biochemical potency to cellular bioactivity. Herein, a suite of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were constructed in either a wild-type or efflux-null background in which mutations were engineered in LptD, the final protein involved in LPS transport to the OM. These mutants were demonstrated to be defective in LPS transport, resulting in compromised barrier function. Using isogenic strain sets harboring these newly created alleles, we were able to define the contributions of permeability and efflux to the intrinsic resistance of P. aeruginosa to a variety of antibiotics. These strains will be useful in the design and optimization of future antibiotics against Gram-negative pathogens.
Genetic Architecture of Growth and Body Composition in Unique Chicken Populations (2002)

A resource population was established by crossing one modern broiler sire from a commercial broiler breeder male line with dams from two unrelated highly inbred lines; F1 birds were intercrossed to produce two F2 populations. A variety of phe notypic measurements related to growth, muscling, internal organs, and skeleton were recorded for the F2 populations and contemporary pure inbred and broiler birds. Based on the means and phenotypic distributions of the F2 populations com pared to their parental lines, the effective number of genes affecting each trait and heterosis were estimated and discussed relative to the known genetic selection history for each trait. The results suggest that a high number of genes with small epistatic effects are involved in determining the phenotype for traits that broilers were traditionally selected for, and a lower number of genes with major effects are involved in determining the phenotype for traits related to fitness. The estimated number of genes and the phenotypic distributions of the different traits suggest that a quantitative trait loci (QTL) search might be more effectively applied for traits with a low number of involved genes and a high phenotypic distribution among the F2 birds than for traits that show a lower phenotypic distribution and a high number of genes.
Politische Grundsatzentscheidungen (1965)

Die »doppelte Wirklichkeit« Berlins, wie Bürgermeister Albertz es einmal ausdrückte1, war das Fundament, auf dem das Gebäude der Berlin-Politik errichtet werden mußte. Keine wichtige Frage, die in Berlin zur Entscheidung anstand, war daher frei von Widersprüchlichkeiten, die die politische Führung immer wieder mit einem Dilemma konfrontierten und eine radikale Lösung nicht zuließen. Im Zentrum dieses Dilemmas stand die »Realität« der »DDR« und die »Realität« der staatsrechtlichen Nichtanerkennung der »DDR«, also der vom gegenwärtigen machtpolitischen Standpunkt aus fiktive Anspruch eines ungeteilten Deutschlands und einer fortdauernden Verantwortung der vier Siegermächte sowohl für die Einheit und Sicherheit Gesamtdeutschlands als auch für eine endgültige Friedensregelung. Der Rechtsanspruch des Westens, gegründet auf die Forderung nach Selbstbestimmung, wurde täglich konfrontiert mit dem Faktum kommunistischer Macht, die mit der »normativen Kraft des Faktischen« darauf drängte, ihre Existenz zu legitimieren. Die westlichen Politiker wünschten, die bestehende Situation der erhofften anzugleichen oder zumindest durch ihre Prinzipientreue den Weg für eine solche Angleichung offenzuhalten oder zu erleichtern. Das Ulbricht-Regime in der SBZ schuf jedoch immer wieder Fakten, die durch prinzipielle Erklärungen nicht umgangen oder aus der Welt geschafft werden konnten, sondern konkrete, schwierige, oft schmerzvolle Entscheidungen verlangten. Im geteilten Berlin prallten die beiden Formen der »Realität« am härtesten aufeinander, hier war ein Ausweichen vor den schweren Entscheidungen unmöglich und der Grat zwischen ihnen am schmalsten.
Training Data Selection for Cross-Project Defection Prediction: Which Approach Is Better? (2017)

Background: Many relevancy filters have been proposed to select training data for building cross-project defect prediction (CPDP) models. However, up to now, there is no consensus about which relevancy filter is better for CPDP. Goal: In this paper, we conduct a thorough experiment to compare nine relevancy filters proposed in the recent literature. Method: Based on 33 publicly available data sets, we compare not only the retaining ratio of the original training data and the overlapping degree among the retained data but also the prediction performance of the resulting CPDP models under the ranking and classification scenarios. Results: In terms of retaining ratio and overlapping degree, there are important differences among these filters. According to the defect prediction performance, global filter always stays in the first level. Conclusions: For practitioners, it appears that there is no need to filter source project data, as this may lead to better defect prediction results.
An evolutionary approach to automatic synthesis of high-performance analog integrated circuits (2003)

This paper presents an analog integrated circuit synthesis system based on an evolutionary approach. The system contains several novel features. One of these is the high-performance optimization algorithm, which is a combination of evolutionary strategies and simulated annealing. Modeling of dc parameters is done via a fast dc simulator developed for this purpose whereas modeling of ac parameters can be done either with user-defined equations or with neural-fuzzy performance models trained from SPICE simulations. Another novel feature of the system is the incorporation of matching properties of devices. This way, the optimized circuit becomes tolerant to process variations. The synthesis system has been tested on several independent examples and synthesized circuits have been verified functionally with SPICE simulations. Finally, a prototype chip composed of the three examples has been manufactured. The measurement results have demonstrated the validity of the synthesis system on silicon.
Cell Nuclei Segmentation in Cytological Images Using Convolutional Neural Network and Seeded Watershed Algorithm (2019)

Morphometric analysis of nuclei is crucial in cytological examinations. Unfortunately, nuclei segmentation presents many challenges because they usually create complex clusters in cytological samples. To deal with this problem, we are proposing an approach, which combines convolutional neural network and watershed transform to segment nuclei in cytological images of breast cancer. The method initially is preprocessing images using color deconvolution to highlight hematoxylin-stained objects (nuclei). Next, convolutional neural network is applied to perform semantic segmentation of preprocessed image. It finds nuclei areas, cytoplasm areas, edges of nuclei, and background. All connected components in the binary mask of nuclei are treated as potential nuclei. However, some objects actually are clusters of overlapping nuclei. They are detected by their outlying values of morphometric features. Then an attempt is made to separate them using the seeded watershed segmentation. If the attempt is successful, they are included in the nuclei set. The accuracy of this approach is evaluated with the help of referenced, manually segmented images. The degree of matching between reference nuclei and discovered objects is measured with the help of Jaccard distance and Hausdorff distance. As part of the study, we verified how the use of a convolutional neural network instead of the intensity thresholding to generate a topographical map for the watershed improves segmentation outcomes. Our results show that convolutional neural network outperforms Otsu thresholding and adaptive thresholding in most cases, especially in scenarios with many overlapping nuclei.