gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CYTOKININS: SYNTHESIS, MASS SPECTRA, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF COMPOUNDS RELATED TO ZEATIN (1969)

Compounds related to dihydrozeatin that define the influence of the location of the hydroxyl group along the side chain have been synthesized and tested for cytokinin activity. The compounds compared are in the series: 6-(X-hydroxy-3-methylbutylamino)purines and their ribosides, where X = 2, 3, and 4.Hydroxy substitution on the 4-position of the side chain enhances, but in the 2-, 3-, or 2- and 3- positions, decreases cytokinin activity as compared with the unsubstituted isopentyl (or isopentenyl) chains. This differential influence of the position of the hydroxyl group in the N(6)-chain holds also for the similarly related 9-beta-D-ribofuranosides. The relatively higher activity of 3,4-dihydroxy as compared with 2,3-dihydroxy derivatives is consistent with this position effect.Compounds related to zeatin possessing side-chain ester moieties have also been synthesized and tested comparatively. Among these, 6-(4-acetoxy-3-methyl-trans-2-butenylamino)purine is at least as active as zeatin, the most active presently known cytokinin in the tobacco bioassay, whereas the analog, methyl 2-methyl-4-(purin-6-ylamino)-trans-crotonate, with the ester function effectively reversed, has vastly lower activity, and its riboside is practically inactive.
Radiolocation and tracking of automatic identification system signals for maritime situational awareness (2014)

The automatic identification system (AIS), a ship reporting system originally designed for collision avoidance, is becoming a cornerstone of maritime situational awareness. The recent increase of terrestrial networks and satellite constellations of receivers is providing global tracking data that enable a wide spectrum of applications beyond collision avoidance. Nevertheless, AIS suffers the lack of security measures that makes it prone to receiving positions that are unintentionally incorrect, jammed or deliberately falsified. In this study, the authors’ analyse a solution to the problem of AIS data verification that can be implemented within a generic networks of ground AIS base stations with no need for additional sensors or technologies. The proposed approach combines a classic radio‐localisation method based on time difference of arrival with an extended Kalman filter designed to track vessels in geodetic coordinates. The approach is validated using anonymised real AIS data collected by multiple base stations that partly share coverage areas. The results show a deviation between the estimated origin of detected signals and the broadcast position data in the order of hundreds of metres, therefore demonstrating the operational potential of the methodology.
Notes on the diet of short-eared owls (Asio flammeus) in Texas (1996)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Experimental and simulation study of improved oil recovery in shale formations (2014)

Shale has ultra low permeability and cannot produce without hydraulic fracturing to improve the contact between reservoir matrix with wellbore. In addition, shale production declines very fast due to many reasons including conductivity decline over time. The techniques for improving oil production may start at an early stage by optimizing drilling and completion technologies and at a later stage where secondary and tertiary recovery methods are applied. \n In this dissertation, a number of improved oil recovery technologies potentially applicable in shale are examined. The primary oil recovery is improved by optimizing stimulation fluid additives. Matrix acidizing is proposed to be a part of the propped hydraulic fracturing by injecting slugs of weak HCl solutions (less than 2 wt%) near and away from wellbore. The matrix acidizing experiments using 1-3 wt% HCl on Eagle Ford, Barnett, Mancos, and Marcellus shale formations showed a great improvement in porosity and oil recovery factors at different acid contact time, while the compressive strength and hardness of the studied rocks were lowered after the treatment due to partial mineral dissolution up to 82%. The dissertation also examines a number of stimulation fluid surfactants to alter shale wettability while fracturing on reservoir samples from Bakken Shale. One of the tested surfactant was able to improve Bakken Shale primary oil recovery factors by about 20% more compared with using of brine neutral solutions alone. \n In addition, three enhanced oil recovery methods to improve waterflooding performance in shale were examined: Low Sal, alkaline, and surfactant pre-flood technologies. The three tested methods improved waterflooding oil recovery up to 30% more due to mineral dissolution and wettability alteration with shale damage effect for Mancos Shale samples when low saline solutions were used and Barnett Shale samples when higher alkaline solutions were used.\n Furthermore, the dissertation investigates the potential of waterflooding in Eagle Ford Shale by building a reservoir numerical model using Eagle Ford Shale average properties and hydraulic fracturing properties of the injector and the produced wells. The simulation study confirms the experimental potential of waterflooding in Eagle Ford Shale when modeled with closer and longer factures with a recovery factor of about 18% compared with 12% from the depletion case.
Respective role of sympathetic tone and of cardiac pauses in the genesis of 62 cases of ventricular fibrillation recorded during Holter monitoring (1988)

Sixty-two Holter recordings of sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) were analysed by full disclosure and computerized processing. Thirteen sudden deaths were due to torsades de pointes in noncoronary subjects (11/13), related to quinidine-like drugs and/or hypokalaemia: they were always initiated by a long RR cycle due to a post-extrasystolic pause, and announced by a progressive decrease of mean heart rate (from 77.5 +/- 2.5 to 60.6 +/- 2.7 beats min-1, P less than 0.001), in the three preceding hours. The other cases occurred in coronary patients (45/49), with acceleration of ventricular tachycardia (VT), monomorphic in 24 cases, polymorphic in 13, the ventricular rate increasing from 220.6 +/- 55 to 241.5 +/- 69 beats min-1, rather than with primary VF (12 cases). A cardiac pause (RR cycle exceeding 125% of the mean five preceding cycles) was present in 22/49 cases immediately before the onset of VT/VF. The coupling interval of the extrasystole initiating VT/VF was shorter than the shortest value encountered before: 377.6 +/- 94.5 ms vs 421.4 +/- 92.3. The prematurity index (coupling interval/preceding RR cycle ratio) was lower in primary VF than in VT leading to VF. In the last hour preceding VF, ST changes were unusual (five cases), whereas heart rate increased from 82.8 +/- 20 to 92.0 +/- 26.7 beats min-1, (P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ–Deficient Mice Are Protected From Isoproterenol-Induced Heart Failure (2003)

Our data show that PI3Kgamma is critical for the induction of hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction function in response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation in vivo. Thus, PI3Kgamma may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of decreased cardiac function in heart failure.
Color Image Edge Detection using Dempster-Shafer Theory (2009)

New color image edge detection is proposed in this paper. Dempster-Shafer theory, also known as the theory of belief function, is applied in the color image edge detection. The reason is that by selecting the mass function, Dempster-Shafer theory can distinguish the edge pixels from the uncertain edge pixels correctly. Firstly, the color image is transformed into R, G and B components; then in these three components, the edge gradient magnitude images are obtained by the Sobel operator respectively; thirdly, the mass functions are selected and the orthogonal sum is calculated; finally, the mass function of the edge probability is regarded as the edge image. From the experiment, the result could be accepted.
Análisis del algoritmo red con la teoría de control moderna (2010)

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio de la estabilidad del sistema formado por el algoritmo de deteccion temprana aleatoria (RED) en conjunto con el protocolo de control de transmision (TCP) en funcion de los parametros del sistema utilizando la teoria de control moderna. Se deduce la ecuacion linealizada del sistema mediante la cual se hace un estudio de la estabilidad en funcion de la posicion de los polos de la matriz del sistema linealizado. Se observa que a medida que crece la cantidad N de conexiones TCP, disminuye la estabilidad. Mediante simulaciones, se comprobaron los resultados obtenidos del analisis teorico. Los experimentos incluyeron diferentes condiciones de operacion del sistema con varios valores de maxima probabilidad de marcado de los paquetes, observandose que para valores grandes de probabilidad, la estabilidad relativa tambien disminuye. ANALYSIS OF THE RED ALGORITHM WITH MODERN CONTROL THEORY ABSTRACT This paper presents a study of the stability of the system of the RED (Random Early Detection) algorithm in conjunction with TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) based on the parameters of the system using modern control theory. We deduce the linearized equation of the system through which a study of stability depending on the position of the poles of the linearized system matrix is made. It was noted that as the number (N) of TCP connections grows, stability reduces. Through simulations, the expected results were verified by theoretical analysis. The experiments include different system operating conditions with various values of highest probability of marking packets, noting that for high probability values, the relative stability also decreases. Keywords: TCP, RED, Congestion, Simulation, State matrix.
Efficient Learning and Planning Within the Dyna Framework (1993)

Sutton's Dyna framework provides a novel and computationally appealing way to integrate learning, planning, and reacting in autonomous agents. Examined here is a class of strategies designed to enhance the learning and planning power of Dyna systems by increasing their computational efficiency. The benefit of using these strategies is demonstrated on some simple abstract learning tasks.
Electron drift velocity in avalanching silicon diodes (1967)

The differential resistance of an avalanching p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> nn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> junction is used to obtain the electron drift velocity at electric fields where significant avalanching is occurring (2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> < E < 4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> V/cm). The velocity is also obtained as a function of temperature and is consistent with energetic phonon scattering.
Crystal Structure of <i>Pseudomonas mevalonii</i> HMG-CoA Reductase at 3.0 Angstrom Resolution (1995)

The rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis in mammals is catalyzed by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, a four-electron oxidoreductase that converts HMG-CoA to mevalonate. The crystal structure of HMG-CoA reductase from Pseudomonas mevalonii was determined at 3.0 angstrom resolution by multiple isomorphous replacement. The structure reveals a tightly bound dimer that brings together at the subunit interface the conserved residues implicated in substrate binding and catalysis. These dimers are packed about a threefold crystallographic axis, forming a hexamer with 23 point group symmetry. Difference Fourier studies reveal the binding sites for the substrates HMG-CoA and reduced or oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD(H)] and demonstrate that the active sites are at the dimer interfaces. The HMG-CoA is bound by a domain with an unusual fold, consisting of a central alpha helix surrounded by a triangular set of walls of beta sheets and alpha helices. The NAD(H) is bound by a domain characterized by an antiparallel beta structure that defines a class of dinucleotide-binding domains.
Gemcabene, a first-in-class lipid-lowering agent in late-stage development, down-regulates acute-phase C-reactive protein via C/EBP-δ-mediated transcriptional mechanism (2018)

Inflammation plays a key role in setting the stage leading to atherosclerosis progression, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) has been recognized as a predictor of cardiovascular risk. As a monotherapy and in combination with statins, gemcabene markedly reduced CRP in humans. Present investigation was undertaken to understand the mechanism of CRP reduction. In human hepatoma cells, gemcabene inhibited IL-6 plus IL-1β-induced CRP production in a concentration-dependent manner, reaching 70% inhibition at 2 mM. In TNF-α-stimulated primary human coronary artery endothelial cells, both CRP and IL-6 productions were reduced by 70% at 2 mM gemcabene concentration. To investigate the mechanism of gemcabene-mediated reduction of CRP, transfection studies were performed with human CRP regulatory sequences in luciferase/β-gal system that showed 25-fold increase in IL-6- and IL-6 plus IL-1β-stimulated CRP transcription. Luciferase activity was reduced by 50% by gemcabene, suggesting transcriptional down-regulation of CRP. Site-directed mutagenesis of human CRP promoter revealed that the overlapping downstream C/EBP and NF-κB binding sites are important for gemcabene-mediated CRP transcription. Gel shift assays identified the transcription factor that binds to the downstream CRP promoter as C/EBP-δ. In conclusion, gemcabene decreases CRP by C/EBP-δ and NF-κB-mediated transcriptional mechanism and suppresses IL-6 and IL-1β-induced CRP production.
Evaluation of Subsurface Oxygen Sensors for Remediation Monitoring (1996)

Abstract Continuous remediation monitoring using sensors is potentially a more effective and inexpensive alternative to current methods of sample collection and analysis. Gaseous components of a system are the most mobile and easiest to monitor. Continuous monitoring of soil gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and contaminant vapors can provide important quantitative information regarding the progress of bioremediation efforts and the area of influence of air sparging or soil venting. Laboratory and field tests of a commercially available oxygen sensor show that the subsurface oxygen sensor provides rapid and accurate data on vapor phase oxygen concentrations. The sensor is well suited for monitoring gas flow and oxygen consumption in the vadose zone during air sparging and bioventing. The sensor performs well in permeable, unsaturated soil environments and recovers completely after being submerged during temporary saturated conditions. Calibrations of the in situ oxygen sensors were found to be stable after one year of continuous subsurface operation. However, application of the sensor in saturated soil conditions is limited. The three major advantages of this sensor for in situ monitoring arc as follows: (1) it allows data acquisition at any specified time interval; (2) it provides potentially more accurate data by minimizing disturbance of subsurface conditions; and (3) it minimizes the cost of field and laboratory procedures involved in sample retrieval and analysis.
Specificity of the Protective Antibody Response to Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (2001)

Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) is considered one of the leading candidates for inclusion in a vaccine against blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Although the ama1 gene is relatively conserved compared to those for some other potential vaccine components, numerous point mutations have resulted in amino acid substitutions at many sites in the polypeptide. The polymorphisms in AMA1 have been attributed to the diversifying selection pressure of the protective immune responses. It was therefore of interest to investigate the impact of sequence diversity in P. falciparum AMA1 on the ability of anti-AMA1 antibodies to inhibit the invasion of erythrocytes in vitro by P. falciparum merozoites. For these studies, we used antibodies to recombinant P. falciparum 3D7 AMA1 ectodomain, which was prepared for testing in early clinical trials. Antibodies were raised in rabbits to the antigen formulated in Montanide ISA720, and human antibodies to AMA1 were isolated by affinity purification from the plasma of adults living in regions of Papua New Guinea where malaria is endemic. Both rabbit and human anti-AMA1 antibodies were found to be strongly inhibitory to the invasion of erythrocytes by merozoites from both the homologous and two heterologous lines of P. falciparum. The inhibitory antibodies targeted both conserved and strain-specific epitopes within the ectodomain of AMA1; however, it appears that the majority of these antibodies reacted with strain-specific epitopes in domain I, the N-terminal disulfide-bonded domain, which is the most polymorphic region of AMA1.
The effects of epilation and hormones on the activity of rat hair follicles (1975)

The growth of hair from epilated and non-epilated areas of rats receiving a variety of hormonal treatments was investigaged by pulse-labelling with 35-S-cystine. While epilation at certain stages of the spontaneous cycle may rephase follicular activity, it did not affect the length, rate or duration of growth of the hairs which erupted subsequently, either in untreated or hormone-treated rats. Thyroxine shortened the active as well as the resting phase of the follicular cycle. It also increased the growth rate, so that hairs were ultimately the same length as those from untreated animals. Estradiol slightly shortened the duration of the active phase, even though the complete cycle was prolonged. It also decreased the hair growth. When administered simultaneously, estradiol and thyroxine exerted their effects independently.
Total Synthesis of the Four Enantiomerically Pure Diastereomers of 8-F<sub>2t</sub>-Isoprostane (2001)

Syntheses of the four enantiomerically pure diastereomers of 8-F(2t)-isoprostane (5-8) are described. The key to this approach was to prepare the racemic alcohol 9 in high diastereomeric purity and then resolve 9 by lipase-mediated acetylation to yield the enantiomerically pure alcohols 30 and 32.
Applications of FTIR on Epoxy Resins - Identification, Monitoring the Curing Process, Phase Separation and Water Uptake (2012)

Applications of FTIR on Epoxy Resins - Identification, Monitoring the Curing Process, Phase Separation and Water Uptake
FlashPCA2: principal component analysis of Biobank-scale genotype datasets (2017)

Abstract Motivation Principal component analysis (PCA) is a crucial step in quality control of genomic data and a common approach for understanding population genetic structure. With the advent of large genotyping studies involving hundreds of thousands of individuals, standard approaches are no longer feasible. However, when the full decomposition is not required, substantial computational savings can be made. Results We present FlashPCA2, a tool that can perform partial PCA on 1 million individuals faster than competing approaches, while requiring substantially less memory. Availability and implementation https://github.com/gabraham/flashpca. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Potential Advantages of a Strong-motion Velocity Meter over a Strong-motion Accelerometer (2002)

This study examines whether it would be better to deploy a velocity-recording strong-motion instrument in place of existing force-balance accelerometers. The proposed instrument would be comparable to a low-gain version of existing broadband seismometers. Using a large suite of Earth signals, we compare such a hypothetical long-period low-gain velocity seismometer (with a clipping level set to ±5 m/s) with the existing ±2 g clipping Kinemetrics FBA-23 accelerometer. \n\nWe show that there are significant advantages in the deployment of the proposed instrument over an accelerometer.\n\n\n
Scaling and strain dependence of nanoscale strained-Si p-MOSFET performance (2003)

Self-consistent fullband Monte Carlo simulations based on nonlocal empirical pseudopotential band structures including spin-orbit splitting are employed to estimate the on-current in nanoscale strained-Si p-MOSFETs. Effective gate lengths from L/sub eff/ = 75 nm down to L/sub eff/ = 25 nm and strain levels corresponding to germanium contents of up to x = 0.4 in the relaxed Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ substrate are considered. It is found that the on-current continuously increases for growing substrate germanium contents. The strain-induced performance enhancement moderately decreases with scaling, but the improvement at L/sub eff/ = 25 nm still attains 20% for x = 0.4. In contrast to strained-Si n-MOSFETs, increasing the substrate germanium content beyond x = 0.2 is essential for p-MOSFET performance improvement by strain in the sub 0.1 /spl mu/m regime. However, even for x = 0.4 the on-current in a strained-Si p-MOSFET is still smaller than in a corresponding unstrained-Si n-MOSFET.
Two-Phase Electrospinning from a Single Electrified Jet:  Microencapsulation of Aqueous Reservoirs in Poly(ethylene-<i>co</i>-vinyl acetate) Fibers (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTTwo-Phase Electrospinning from a Single Electrified Jet: Microencapsulation of Aqueous Reservoirs in Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) FibersElliot H. Sanders, Reneé Kloefkorn, Gary L. Bowlin, David G. Simpson, and Gary E. WnekView Author Information Departments of Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Anatomy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284 Cite this: Macromolecules 2003, 36, 11, 3803–3805Publication Date (Web):May 1, 2003Publication History Received18 December 2002Published online1 May 2003Published inissue 1 June 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma021771lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma021771lrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1721Altmetric-Citations159LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrospinning,Fibers,Liquids,Polymers,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts