gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Product Cost Estimation: Technique Classification and Methodology Review (2005)

This paper provides a detailed review of the state of the art in product cost estimation covering various techniques and methodologies developed over the years. The overall work is categorized into qualitative and quantitative techniques. The qualitative techniques are further subdivided into intuitive and analogical techniques, and the quantitative ones into parametric and analytical techniques. Each of the techniques is then described and discussed, in detail, with further subdivisions. The paper also signifies the importance of cost estimation in the early phases of the design cycle and, as such, briefly discusses the current trends and future directions in the area. Research work carried out in the field with reference to specific applications is also reviewed. The paper provides a comprehensive literature review in the field and should be useful to researchers and practitioners interested in this field.
OFDM and MC‐CDMA for Broadband Multi‐User Communications, WLANs and Broadcasting (2003)

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a method of digital modulation in which a signal is split into several narrowband channels at different frequencies. CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to occupy a single transmission channel, optimising the use of available bandwidth. Multiplexing is sending multiple signals or streams of information on a carrier at the same time in the form of a single, complex signal and then recovering the separate signals at the receiving end. Multi-Carrier (MC) CDMA is a combined technique of Direct Sequence (DS) CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) and OFDM techniques. It applies spreading sequences in the frequency domain. Wireless communications has witnessed a tremendous growth during the past decade and further spectacular enabling technology advances are expected in an effort to render ubiquitous wireless connectivity a reality. This technical in-depth book is unique in its detailed exposure of OFDM, MIMO-OFDM and MC-CDMA. A further attraction of the joint treatment of these topics is that it allows the reader to view their design trade-offs in a comparative context. Divided into three main parts: Part I provides a detailed exposure of OFDM designed for employment in various applications Part II is another design alternative applicable in the context of OFDM systems where the channel quality fluctuations observed are averaged out with the aid of frequency-domain spreading codes, which leads to the concept of MC-CDMA Part III discusses how to employ multiple antennas at the base station for the sake of supporting multiple users in the uplink Portrays the entire body of knowledge currently available on OFDM Provides the first complete treatment of OFDM, MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output)-OFDM and MC-CDMA Considers the benefits of channel coding and space time coding in the context of various application examples and features numerous complete system design examples Converts the lessons of Shannon’s information theory into design principles applicable to practical wireless systems Combines the benefits of a textbook with a research monograph where the depth of discussions progressively increase throughout the book This all-encompassing self-contained treatment will appeal to researchers, postgraduate students and academics, practising research and development engineers working for wireless communications and computer networking companies and senior undergraduate students and technical managers.
Subsample time delay estimation via improved GCC PHAT algorithm (2008)

Time delay estimation (TDE) plays an important role in multi-sensor signal processing. Its accuracy and precision are of critical significance. In this paper we propose a robust subsample time delay estimation approach which is based on an improved GCC PHAT algorithm and a sinc-fitted model. Computer simulations clearly demonstrate that this method achieves good results in noisy environments.
Bristle-bots in swarm robotics - approaches on agent development and locomotion (2017)

Bristle-bots are vibration-driven mobile robots characterized by small size, high speed, simple design and low costs for production and application - qualities which are advantageous for agents of swarm robotics. Current studies have focused on their natural behaviour on confined spaces, navigation capabilities through pipes, and mathematical modelling of the bristle-based motion, however, trajectory generation capabilities were not evaluated. Therefore, this paper presents our robot “Donipodis”, a mobile micro-robot for swarm robotics research. Our robot uses a single vibro-motor controlled over an 8-bit microprocessor that generates locomotion using bristles. It possess two IR receivers at its front as antennae and one IR transmitter at its back for peer-to-peer communications, an RGB colour identifier and IrDA communication for master host programming. A modelling of the micro-robot was also developed. Simulations and experimental results show a proper modelling of the locomotion and performance over displacement with slightly curved trajectories. Translation and rotation speeds characterization results show potential for controllable trajectory generation by varying the motor speed properties (PWM frequency and duty cycle) and direction.
Laser heating of an aqueous aerosol particle (1984)

Approximate analytical and full numerical solutions are obtained for the transient response of both a pure water and solution droplets to both short- and long-time laser heating. The differences in the temperature and size histories between pure water and solution droplets are elucidated. The validity of of the approximate analytical solution, extended from that of Armstrong ["Aerosol Heating and Vaporization by Pulsed Light Beams," Appl. Opt. 23, 148 (1984)] in pure water droplets, is evaluated by comparison to solution of the full governing equations.
Modifications of the Immunofluorescence Assay for Feline Leukemia Virus Group-Specific Antigens (1978)

Observations and minor modifications are presented concerning the immunofluorescence assay for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) group-specific antigens (GSA) in blood cells of cats. Data are given regarding absorption of goat FeLV GSA antiserum in vivo in cats, absorption of the antiserum in vitro with feline blood cells, and the comparative efficacy of various chemical fixatives in preservation of FeLV GSA for immunofluorescent staining. The best results were obtained with in vitro absorption of antiserum and methanol fixation of FeLV GSA in blood smears.
Studies on the synthesis of the antitumour agent CC-1065. Synthesis of PDE I and PDE II, inhibitors of cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (1986)

P. Carter, S. Fitzjohn and P. Magnus, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 1162 DOI: 10.1039/C39860001162
Elimination of β‐Lactoglobulin from Whey to Simulate Human Milk Protein (1985)

When the pH of cottage cheese whey was adjusted to 4.5 in the presence of 6.7 mM FeCI 3 , β‐lactoglobulin was eliminated from the whey as a precipitate. However, the majority of immunoglobuhns were also coprecipitated. To recover immunoglobulins together with α‐lactalbumin, the whey pH was adjusted to 3.0 in the presence of 4.0 mM FeCI 3 . After centrifugation of the whey, the supernatant contained exclusively β‐lactoglobulin; other whey proteins were found in the precipitate. Excess Fe +++ in the precipitate was removed by ion exchange or by ultrafiltration. This protein concentrate had a protein composition much more similar to that of human milk whey than that of ultrafiltered whey protein concentrate.
Enduracidin Analogues with Altered Halogenation Patterns Produced by Genetically Engineered Strains of <i>Streptomyces fungicidicus</i> (2010)

Enduracidins (1, 2) and ramoplanin (3) are structurally and functionally closely related lipodepsipeptide antibiotics. They are active against multi-drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, including MRSA. Each peptide contains one chlorinated non-proteinogenic amino acid residue, Cl(2)-Hpg or Cl-Hpg. To investigate the timing of halogenation and the importance of chlorination on bioactivity and bioavailability of enduracidin, and to probe the substrate specificity and portability of the ramoplanin halogenase, we constructed the mutant strain SfDelta30 in which the enduracidin halogenase gene orf30 had been deleted and complemented it with the ramoplanin counterpart orf20. We also expressed orf20 in the enduracidin wild-type producer. Metabolite analysis revealed SfDelta30 produced the novel analogues dideschloroenduracidins A (4) and B (5), while the recombinant strains SfDelta30R20 and SfR20 produced monodeschloroenduracidins A (6) and B (7) and a trichlorinated enduracidin (8), respectively. In addition, orf30 self-complementation yielded the strain SfDelta30E30, which is capable of producing six peptides including 6 and 7. MS/MS analysis positioned the single chlorine atom in 6 at Hpg(13) and localized the third chlorine atom in 8 to Hpg(11). Biological evaluation of these enduracidin analogues indicated that all retained activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Our findings lay the foundation for further utilization of enduracidin and ramoplanin halogenases in combinatorial biosynthesis.
Conserving, Distributing and Managing Genetically Modified Mouse Lines by Sperm Cryopreservation (2008)

Combined, these results demonstrate the broad applicability of our approach as an economical and efficient option for archiving and distributing mice.
Spread Spectrum Radio Networks. (1987)

Abstract : This is the final report for Contract DAAG29-84-K-008 (ARO Proposal 21576-EL) for the period June 22, 1984 to July 20, 1987. Keywords: Packet radio networks, Frequency-hop packet radio, Error-control coding, and Time-hopping.
CCOA: Cloud Computing Open Architecture (2009)

Cloud computing is evolving as a key computing platform for sharing resources that include infrastructures, software, applications, and business processes. Virtualization is a core technology for enabling cloud resource sharing. However, most existing cloud computing platforms have not formally adopted the service-oriented architecture (SOA) that would make them more flexible, extensible, and reusable. By bridging the power of SOA and virtualization in the context of cloud computing ecosystem, this paper presents seven architectural principles and derives ten interconnected architectural modules to form a reusable and customizable cloud computing open architecture (CCOA). Two case studies on infrastructure and business cloud are used to deliver business and practical value of infrastructure and business process provisioning services over the Internet. We also present some potential value-added services of the proposed CCOA to guide strategic planning and other consulting practices of cloud computing.
Bone Marrow Transplantation for Sickle Cell Disease (1996)

Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation can be curative in young patients with symptomatic sickle cell disease.
B7-H3-Targeted CAR-T Cells Exhibit Potent Antitumor Effects on Hematologic and Solid Tumors (2020)

Recently, B7-H3 was frequently reported to be overexpressed in various cancer types and has been suggested to be a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. In the present study, we analyzed the mRNA expression of B7-H3 in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and validated its expression across multiple cancer types. We then generated a novel B7-H3-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and tested its antitumor activity both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The B7-H3 expression heterogeneity and variation were frequent. Moderate or even high expression levels of B7-H3 were also observed in some tumor-adjacent tissues, but the staining intensity was weaker than that in tumor tissues. B7-H3 expression was absent or very low in normal tissues and organs. Flow cytometry indicated that the mean expression level of B7-H3 in eight bone marrow specimens from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was 57.2% (range 38.8-80.4). Furthermore, we showed that the B7-H3-targeted CAR-T cells exhibited significant antitumor activity against AML and melanoma <i>in vitro</i> and in xenograft mouse models. In conclusion, although B7-H3 represents a promising pan-cancer target, and B7-H3-redirected CAR-T cells can effectively control tumor growth, the expression heterogeneity and variation have to be carefully considered in translating B7-H3-targeted CAR-T cell therapy into clinical practice.
BIOGENIC MANGANESE OXIDES: Properties and Mechanisms of Formation (2004)

▪ Abstract Manganese(IV) oxides produced through microbial activity, i.e., biogenic Mn oxides or Mn biooxides, are believed to be the most abundant and highly reactive Mn oxide phases in the environment. They mediate redox reactions with organic and inorganic compounds and sequester a variety of metals. The major pathway for bacterial Mn(II) oxidation is enzymatic, and although bacteria that oxidize Mn(II) are phylogenetically diverse, they require a multicopper oxidase-like enzyme to oxidize Mn(II). The oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV) occurs via a soluble or enzyme-complexed Mn(III) intermediate. The primary Mn(IV) biooxide formed is a phyllomanganate most similar to δ-MnO 2 or acid birnessite. Metal sequestration by the Mn biooxides occurs predominantly at vacant layer octahedral sites.
Indoor air quality control for asthma patients using smart home technology (2011)

Indoor air pollution is known to be one of the contributing factors that worsen the symptoms of asthma. Asthma patients often react to a range of pollutants in the inhaled air that irritate the airways of the respiratory system. By providing a low-cost solution for home air quality regulation, asthma patients can minimize the health risks linked to poor air quality. This paper introduces the use of smart home technology to regulate indoor air quality through control of air-conditioning and heating system. The proposed smart home management algorithm allows dynamic control of indoor ventilation system.
CONTROLLING THE SIZE AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES: A DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT STUDY (2012)

The Turkevich method is the oldest and most widely employed protocol for the production of colloidal gold. Gold nanoparticles are nontoxic in nature and have potential applications in various biomedical fields including drug delivery and bioimaging. These metallic nanoparticles can be functionalized with drugs, targeting ligands such as tumor necrosis factor and groups (e.g., Poly ethylene glycol) to provide shielding from undesired immune responses. In this study we investigate the influence of process variables on the synthesis of nanoparticles by the reduction of chloroauric acid ( HAuCl 4 ) solution with sodium citrate. A design of experiment (DoE) approach was used to investigate the influence of production volume, temperature, stirring rate and sodium citrate concentration on the physical properties of the nanoparticles namely size, size distribution, zeta potential and UV-Vis characteristics. The study showed that the relative amount of sodium citrate added ( Au /citrate mole ratio) had a significant effect on the size, poly dispersity index (PDI), the number of peaks in the size distribution and the position of Lambda max in the UV-Vis spectra. By varying the Au /Citrate ratio it is possible to synthesize particles with average diameters from 20 to 80 nm. However, the use of low amounts of sodium citrate in order to produce particles larger than ~35 nm tends to result in a wide bimodal size distribution.
Does Navigation Improve Accuracy of Placement of Pedicle Screws in Single-level Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis? (2013)

O-arm navigation does not provide any significant advantage over conventional free-hand pedicle screw insertion technique in patients with single-level degenerative spondylolisthesis. The accuracy is dependent on the distance of the tracker from the level of instrumentation. Lateral perforations are more common because of instability at the instrumented level leading to translation and rotation of the vertebral body while placing pedicle screws leading to preferential lateral trajectory. These lateral perforations could not be prevented by using navigation. However, no significant complications were noted in either technique.
Atomistic Structure and Ab Initio Electrochemical Properties of Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>Defect Spinel for Li Ion Batteries (2014)

The Li4Ti5O12 defect spinel is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries because it transforms to/from Li7Ti5O12 with a negligible volume change during charging/discharging. Ab initio calculation is a powerful approach for modern materials design and mechanistic studies. However, the atomistic models of the stoichiometric Li4Ti5O12 and Li7Ti5O12 defect spinel have not been optimized due to the requirements of large unit cells and numerous atomistic arrangements of Li and Ti ions at the 16d sites of the defect spinel. In this study, ab initio calculations were systematically performed and the most energetically favorable full supercell models were constructed for both Li4Ti5O12 and Li7Ti5O12 defect spinel. The equilibrium lattice parameter of Li4Ti5O12 was 8.4257 Å, while a slight lattice shrinkage of 0.77% and an average intercalation voltage of 1.41 V during charging/discharging were obtained. Moreover, the Li4Ti5O12 phase shows insulating property with a wide bandgap of around 2.3 eV, while the Li7Ti5O12 phase exhibits metallic property. All the calculated structural and electrochemical properties agree closely with the experimental findings in literature. Further theoretical studies on the Li4Ti5O12 defect spinel or other defect spinel in general can be realized according to the full supercell models proposed in this study.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)—Copper(I) Complexes as Catalysts for A<sup>3</sup> Reactions. (2013)

Abstract A facile synthesis of a broad spectrum of propargylamines can be achieved, in part at room temperature and within a short time, in the presence of a copper carbene complex as the catalyst.
A Nonenzymatic Hairpin DNA Cascade Reaction Provides High Signal Gain of mRNA Imaging inside Live Cells (2015)

Enzyme-free signal amplification has enabled sensitive in vitro detection of biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. However, monitoring targets of interest in live cells via enzyme-free amplification is still challenging, especially for analytes with low concentrations. To the best of our knowledge, this paper reports the first attempt to perform mRNA imaging inside live cells, using a nonenzymatic hairpin DNA cascade reaction for high signal gain, termed a hairpin DNA cascade amplifier (HDCA). In conventional nucleic acid probes, such as linear hybridization probes, mRNA target signaling occurs in an equivalent reaction ratio (1:1), whereas, in HDCA, one mRNA target is able to yield multiple signal outputs (1:m), thus achieving the goal of signal amplification for low-expression mRNA targets. Moreover, the recycled mRNA target in the HDCA serves as a catalyst for the assembly of multiple DNA duplexes, generating the fluorescent signal of reduced MnSOD mRNA expression, thus indicating amplified intracellular imaging. This programmable cascade reaction presents a simple and modular amplification mechanism for intracellular biomarkers of interest, providing a significant boost to the search for clues leading to the accurate identification and effective treatment of cancers.
Wafer Chemistry and Properties for Ion Removal by Wafer Enhanced Electrodeionization (2010)

Abstract Electrodeionization is a widely used technology to produce ultrapure water for various applications such as cooling towers, water reclamation for micro-fabrication, and pharmaceuticals. Wafer Enhanced- Electrodeionization (WE-EDI) is a technology which immobilizes resins into wafers allowing for a significant expansion in applications due to a decrease in internal and external channeling and leakage. Although WE-EDI allows for a wide variety of applications in low concentration and selective ion removal, there have been few studies on the effects of various processing variables on WE-EDI performance. This paper investigates the effects of different variables in wafer performance including porosity, capacity, permeability, and ion exchange bead type. Experimental data and predictive modeling shows that thickness and capacity have little effect on the ability of the wafer to enhance cation transport while the ratio of anion exchange to cation exchange resin, the amount of polymer used to bind the resins, and selectivity of the resin beads have a much greater effect. From the experimental and modeling results, it is recommended that the bead chemistry, especially the equilibrium constant K, should be the main consideration for specific ion removal applications. Keywords: electrodeionization (EDI)ion selective removalion transport modeling ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the following professors and students who have been of great help toward the success of this project: Dr. Servoss, Samantha Osita, Jianjun Du, Alice Jernigan, and Jeremiah Born from the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. We would like to thank the Honors College, the Ralph. E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, and an unnamed corporate sponsor for funding this project.
Visualizing web site comparisons (2002)

The Web is increasingly becoming an important channel for conducting businesses, disseminating information, and communicating with people on a global scale. More and more companies, organizations, and individuals are publishing their information on the Web. With all this information publicly available, naturally companies and individuals want to find useful information from these Web pages. As an example, companies always want to know what their competitors are doing and what products and services they are offering. Knowing such information, the companies can learn from their competitors and/or design countermeasures to improve their own competitiveness. The ability to effectively find such business intelligence information is increasingly becoming crucial to the survival and growth of any company. Despite its importance, little work has been done in this area. In this paper, we propose a novel visualization technique to help the user find useful information from his/her competitors' Web site easily and quickly. It involves visualizing (with the help of a clustering system) the comparison of the user's Web site and the competitor's Web site to find similarities and differences between the sites. The visualization is such that with a single glance, the user is able to see the key similarities and differences of the two sites. He/she can then quickly focus on those interesting clusters and pages to browse the details. Experiment results and practical applications show that the technique is effective.