gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New PFC CCM Boost Rectifier with Extended Gain and Reduced Voltage Switching for 1-ph/3-ph Universal Input On-Board Charger for Electric Vehicles (2021)

A new power-factor-correction (PFC), continuous-conduction-mode (CCM) bidirectional boost rectifier for 1-ph/3-ph universal voltage input on-board charging applications is introduced. The rectifier features extended voltage gain, automatic input current sharing, and reduced voltage switching when it operates from 1-phase input voltage. Due to the extended-gain property, the proposed topology is suitable for converting low line voltages to a high dc link voltage. Switching at reduced voltage results in decreased switching losses, which allows the converter to achieve significantly increased power conversion efficiency. Unlike in standard interleaved PFC topologies, input current sharing is achieved without any sensing circuits or additional control loops. The evaluation was performed on a 3.3 kW prototype designed to operate from 85-134 V line input and deliver 775 V dc output. The prototype achieves 93.6% efficiency at 110 V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</inf> line input and full load. The proposed converter naturally morphs into the standard 6-switch converter for 3-phase ac voltage inputs.
Hecke Algebra Representations of Braid Groups and Link Polynomials (1987)

By studying representations of the braid group satisfying a certain quadratic relation we obtain a polynomial invariant in two variables for oriented links. It is expressed using a trace, discovered by Ocneanu, on the Hecke algebras of type A. A certain specialization of the polynomial, whose discovery predated and inspired the two-variable one, is seen to come in two inequivalent ways, from a Hecke algebra quotient and a linear functional on it which has already been used in statistical mechanics. The two-variable polynomial was first discovered by Freyd-Yetter, Lickorish-Millet, Ocneanu, Hoste, and Przytycki-Traczyk.
Probing the stereochemistry of the active site of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase using sulfur derivatives of l-glutamic acid (2004)

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyses the transfer of a gamma-glutamyl moiety from a donor substrate to different acceptors, such as amino acids and water. GGT is known to display relatively low stereospecificity with respect to the alpha-stereocentre of its donor substrates. In this study we have studied its stereospecificity with respect to the stereocentre at the delta-position of different analogues of L-glutamic acid. Notably, L-methionine sulfoxide is well-recognised whereas L-methionine sulfone and L-methionine sulfoximine are not. Furthermore, when the synthetic gamma-diastereoisomers of L-methionine sulfoxide were separated and tested, it was discovered that GGT shows remarkable stereospecificity at the gamma-position, binding the S(C)S(S) diastereoisomer with a K(i) of 3.5 mM, whereas the S(C)R(S) diastereoisomer is not recognised. Finally, using a sulfoxide as a new pharmacophore for GGT, we have synthesized and tested an analogue of glutathione to obtain a very promising competitive inhibitor with a K(i) of (53 +/- 3) microM.
Effects of Safflower Seed Oil in Osteoporosis Induced-Ovariectomized Rats (2006)

The effects of Korean Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) seed oil (SSO) on osteoporosis induced-ovariectomized rats were investigated. A total of 90 female Sprague-Dawley rats, 4-month-old, weighing 200-230 g were randomly assigned into 3 groups (30 animals/group). The animals in group I were sham operated and those of group II and III were ovariectomized (Ovx). After eight weeks, the animals of group I and II received solvent vehicle daily, whereas those of group III were administered SSO orally (1 ml/kg) daily for 30 days. The changes in the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGBP-3), estrogen, total alkaline phosphatase (TALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), calcium and phosphorous in serum, and also the histomorphology of the proximal tibia metaphysis and femur/body weight (F/B) ratio were examined in all the groups at every 10 days interval. Thirty days later, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGBP-3 and BALP levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in group III as compared to groups I and II. There were no significant differences in serum levels of estrogen, TALP and F/B ratio between groups II and III, but estrogen levels were higher in group I. These results suggest that the safflower seeds have possible roles in the improvement of osteoporosis induced-ovariectomized rats.
Structures of Streptococcus pneumoniae Hyaluronate Lyase in Complex with Chondroitin and Chondroitin Sulfate Disaccharides (2003)

Streptococcus pneumoniae hyaluronate lyase is a surface enzyme of this Gram-positive bacterium. The enzyme degrades hyaluronan and chondroitin/chondroitin sulfates by cleaving the beta1,4-glycosidic linkage between the glycan units of these polymeric substrates. This degradation helps spreading of this bacterial organism throughout the host tissues and facilitates the disease process caused by pneumococci. The mechanism of this degradative process is based on beta-elimination, is termed proton acceptance and donation, and involves selected residues of a well defined catalytic site of the enzyme. The degradation of hyaluronan alone is thought to proceed through a processive mode of action. The structures of complexes between the enzyme and chondroitin as well as chondroitin sulfate disaccharides allowed for the first detailed insights into these interactions and the mechanism of action on chondroitins. This degradation of chondroitin/chondroitin sulfates is nonprocessive and is selective for the chondroitin sulfates only with certain sulfation patterns. Chondroitin sulfation at the 4-position on the nonreducing site of the linkage to be cleaved or 2-sulfation prevent degradation due to steric clashes with the enzyme. Evolutionary studies suggest that hyaluronate lyases evolved from chondroitin lyases and still retained chondroitin/chondroitin sulfate degradation abilities while being specialized in the degradation of hyaluronan. The more efficient processive degradation mechanism has come to be preferred for the unsulfated substrate hyaluronan.
Mimicking Aldolases through Organocatalysis:  <i>syn</i>-Selective Aldol Reactions with Protected Dihydroxyacetone (2007)

A practical organocatalytic strategy designed to mimic the l-rhamnulose 1-phosphate and D-fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolases has been developed and shown to be effective in the preparation of carbohydrates and polyol derivatives. Threonine-based catalysts facilitated the aldol reaction of protected dihydroxyacetone or protected hydroxacetone with a variety of aldehydes to provide syn-aldol products with good yields and ee's up to 98%.
Use of 5-aminolevulinic acid esters to improve photodynamic therapy on cells in culture. (1997)

Human tumor cells of the lines WiDr (adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid colon), NHIK 3025 (carcinoma of the cervix), and V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts were treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and ALA esterified to C1-C3 and C6-C8 chained aliphatic alcohols (ALA-esters). In the human cell lines, esterification of ALA with the long-chain (C6-C8) alcohols was found to reduce 30-150-fold the amount of ALA needed to reach the same level of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation as with non-esterified ALA. The long-chained ALA-esters were less efficient in stimulating PpIX formation in V79 cells, i.e., the same amount of PpIX was formed by a 1-2.6-fold lower concentration of long-chained ALA-esters than with ALA. Short-chained ALA-esters (C1-C3) induced 5 to 10 times lower PpIX accumulation than ALA in all of the cell lines. High-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence microscopic studies indicated that esterification of ALA has neither impact on the fluorescing porphyrin species formed nor impact on their intracellular localization. The PpIX formed from ALA-esters and ALA was found to be equally efficient in sensitizing cells to photoinactivation. The present results indicate that esterified ALAs are new and promising drugs for use in photochemotherapy of cancer.
Immobilization of Thermostable Maltogenic Amylase from <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> for Continuous Production of Branched Oligosaccharides (1997)

A new thermostable maltogenic amylase isolated from Bacillus stearothermophilus (BSMA) was immobilized and characterized for continuous production of branched oligosaccharides (BOS). Immobilized BSMA had characteristics similar to those of the free form, except its stability with respect to temperature and metal ions was improved. The optimum condition for continuous production of BOS using a packed bed column reactor of immobilized BSMA was a flow rate of 11 mL/h and a 20% substrate concentration. As the flow rate or concentration of the substrate increased, generally, the content of sugars having a higher molecular weight were increased and vice versa, suggesting the possibility of controlling the composition of BOS by adjusting the above two factors. The yield of BOS was maintained at 50% up to 20 days and gradually decreased to 40% over 37 days of continuous process. About 93% high-purity BOS was obtained by removing glucose and maltose by yeast fermentation. Keywords: Branched oligosaccharides; maltogenic amylase; Bacillus stearothermophilus; immobilization; continuous production
Synthesis of substituted 1,5- and 1,7-naphthyridines and related lactams (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVarticleNEXTSynthesis of substituted 1,5- and 1,7-naphthyridines and related lactamsBenjamin Frydman, Mario Los, and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 3, 450–454Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 February 1971Published inissue 1 February 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00802a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00802a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views637Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Drug abuse problems among senior high-school students of Stavropol']. (1997)

Characterizes the prevalence of use of alcohol, narcotic and toxic agents and tobacco smoking among the older schoolchildren in the Stavropol district in 1991 and 1994. The prevalence and motivation of alcoholization, tobacco smoking, and narcotization of adolescents and schoolchildren are analyzed on a large representative scope of material. The regularities in the development of harmful habits and time course of their progress are disclosed and the unfavorable tendencies are shown as regards the most socially hazardous types of narcotization of schoolchildren--alcoholization and narcotization.
Megsin 2093T-2180C haplotype at the 3 untranslated region is associated with poor renal survival in Korean IgA nephropathy patients (2008)

Our results suggest that the 2093T-2180C haplotype at the 3'UTR of megsin gene is associated with rapid disease progression in Korean IgAN patients. This is the reverse of the results from the Chinese IgAN patients. Further studies are strongly needed to elucidate the reasons of disparity.
Do Not Hesitate to Use Tversky—and Other Hints for Successful Active Analogue Searches with Feature Count Descriptors (2013)

This study is an exhaustive analysis of the neighborhood behavior over a large coherent data set (ChEMBL target/ligand pairs of known Ki, for 165 targets with >50 associated ligands each). It focuses on similarity-based virtual screening (SVS) success defined by the ascertained optimality index. This is a weighted compromise between purity and retrieval rate of active hits in the neighborhood of an active query. One key issue addressed here is the impact of Tversky asymmetric weighing of query vs candidate features (represented as integer-value ISIDA colored fragment/pharmacophore triplet count descriptor vectors). The nearly a 3/4 million independent SVS runs showed that Tversky scores with a strong bias in favor of query-specific features are, by far, the most successful and the least failure-prone out of a set of nine other dissimilarity scores. These include classical Tanimoto, which failed to defend its privileged status in practical SVS applications. Tversky performance is not significantly conditioned by tuning of its bias parameter α. Both initial "guesses" of α = 0.9 and 0.7 were more successful than Tanimoto (at its turn, better than Euclid). Tversky was eventually tested in exhaustive similarity searching within the library of 1.6 M commercial + bioactive molecules at http://infochim.u-strasbg.fr/webserv/VSEngine.html , comparing favorably to Tanimoto in terms of "scaffold hopping" propensity. Therefore, it should be used at least as often as, perhaps in parallel to Tanimoto in SVS. Analysis with respect to query subclasses highlighted relationships of query complexity (simply expressed in terms of pharmacophore pattern counts) and/or target nature vs SVS success likelihood. SVS using more complex queries are more robust with respect to the choice of their operational premises (descriptors, metric). Yet, they are best handled by "pro-query" Tversky scores at α > 0.5. Among simpler queries, one may distinguish between "growable" (allowing for active analogs with additional features), and a few "conservative" queries not allowing any growth. These (typically bioactive amine transporter ligands) form the specific application domain of "pro-candidate" biased Tversky scores at α < 0.5.
Post-processing block coded images using artificial neural networks (1997)

A technique employing artificial neural networks for post-processing block coded images is presented. Visually important image features are extracted from the decompressed image and used as input to a feedforward neural network. The neural network learns to reconstruct the difference image between the original (uncompressed) and the decompressed image. Coding artifact reduction is achieved by adding the neural networks output to the decompressed image. Experimental results using the new technique for post-processing quadtree coded images are presented. It is shown the new technique can significantly improve the compressed image both in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and visual quality of the image.
Synthesis and in vitro LTD4 antagonist activity of bicyclic and monocyclic cyclopentylurethane and cyclopentylacetamide N-arylsulfonyl amides (1990)

The dissociation constants (KB) at the LTD4 receptor on guinea pig trachea of a series of monocyclic and bicyclic cyclopentylurethane and cyclopentylacetamide N-arylsulfonyl amides have been measured. The KB was found to be remarkably tolerant of changes in the electronic constitution and lipophilicity of the bicyclic ring system (template). Thus, N-[4[[6-[[(cyclopentyloxy)carbonyl]amino]benzimidazol-1- yl]methyl]-3-methoxybenzoyl]benzenesulfonamide (11a) and N-[4-[[5-[[(cyclopentyloxy)carbonyl]amino]benzo[b]thien-3- yl]methyl]-3-methoxybenzoyl]benzene-sulfonamide (25a) had closely similar affinities (pKB, 9.20 and 9.31, respectively; LTE4 as agonist). It has been shown that the hetero-ring of the template need not be aromatic in order to achieve high affinity, since indoline 31 and 2,3-dihydrobenz-1,4-oxazines 37a-c had pKBs greater than 9. Further, it has been shown that an o-aminophenone (see 42 and Figure 3) can function as a template; the template in 42 [see iii] is bicyclic by virtue of the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. In contrast, when the template is a phenyl ring (48), receptor affinity is markedly reduced. These findings support the notion that central bicyclic ring system in this family of peptidoleukotriene antagonists is a molecular feature which helps to preorganize the acylamino and acidic chains and thereby facilitate the molecular recognition event.
National Estimates of Exposure to Traumatic Events and PTSD Prevalence Using<i>DSM-IV</i>and<i>DSM-5</i>Criteria (2013)

Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) defined according to the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual fifth edition (DSM-5; 2013) and fourth edition (DSM-IV; 1994) was compared in a national sample of U.S. adults (N = 2,953) recruited from an online panel. Exposure to traumatic events, PTSD symptoms, and functional impairment were assessed online using a highly structured, self-administered survey. Traumatic event exposure using DSM-5 criteria was high (89.7%), and exposure to multiple traumatic event types was the norm. PTSD caseness was determined using Same Event (i.e., all symptom criteria met to the same event type) and Composite Event (i.e., symptom criteria met to a combination of event types) definitions. Lifetime, past-12-month, and past 6-month PTSD prevalence using the Same Event definition for DSM-5 was 8.3%, 4.7%, and 3.8% respectively. All 6 DSM-5 prevalence estimates were slightly lower than their DSM-IV counterparts, although only 2 of these differences were statistically significant. DSM-5 PTSD prevalence was higher among women than among men, and prevalence increased with greater traumatic event exposure. Major reasons individuals met DSM-IV criteria, but not DSM-5 criteria were the exclusion of nonaccidental, nonviolent deaths from Criterion A, and the new requirement of at least 1 active avoidance symptom.
Optical loss anisotropy of alumina films that contain liquid crystals (1995)

Nematic liquid crystals were put into the micropores of anodic alumina films. Molecules of a liquid crystal tend to orient along the axis of columnar pores, since the pore diameter is smaller than 0.2 μm. Accordingly, the refractive index of the liquid crystal varies with the polarization of the light that propagates in the alumina film; i.e., the ordinary and extraordinary indices (<i>n<sub>o</sub></i> and <i>n<sub>e</sub></i>) correspond to polarizations that are vertical and horizontal to the pores, respectively. The anisotropy in refractive index causes a prominent polarization function due to the index mismatch between a liquid crystal and alumina (n = 1.64). When a liquid crystal of <i>n<sub>o</sub></i> = 1.50 and <i>n<sub>e</sub></i> = 1.64 is used, the optical loss for vertical polarization is larger than that for horizontal polarization by more than 10 times at 0.85- to 1.30-μm wavelengths. If one coats lecithin on the pore walls, molecules of a liquid crystal orient nonuniformly in the pores. Then the refractive index becomes nonuniform, and consequently, significant light scattering occurs inside the pores. The optical loss tends to decrease at shorter wavelengths and in alumina films with smaller pores.
Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2 Knockout Mice Are Refractory to Growth Hormone-Negative Feedback on Arcuate Neurons (1997)

The pulsatile nature of GH release is apparently regulated by alternating sequential changes in two hypothalamic hormones, GH releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin. Entrainment of this pulsatility appears to involve GH-mediated negative feedback. Recently a new receptor involved in GH release was cloned. Activation of this receptor by GH-releasing peptides and MK-0677 initiates and amplifies GH pulsatility and is associated with increased Fos immunoreactivity and electrical activity in GHRH containing arcuate neurons. We show that pretreating mice with GH blocks activation of these neurons by MK-0677. Similarly, octreotide inhibited the action of MK-0677. To determine whether this GH-mediated negative feedback on GHRH neurons was direct, or by GH stimulation of somatostatin release from periventricular neurons, we selectively inactivated the gene for one of the five specific somatostatin receptor subtypes (subtype 2). In the knockout mice, both GH and octreotide failed to inhibit MK-0677 activation of arcuate neurons. GH did, however, increase Fos immunoreactivity in the periventricular nucleus, consistent with GH stimulation of somatostatin release from periventricular neurons. Thus, GH-mediated negative feedback involves signaling between periventricular and arcuate neurons with the signal being transduced specifically through somatostatin subtype 2 receptors.
Prenatal detection of free sialic acid storage disease: genetic and biochemical studies in nine families (2001)

Sialic acid storage disorders, Salla disease (SD) and a severe infantile form of disease (ISSD), are recessively inherited allelic lysosomal storage disorders due to impaired egress of free sialic acid from lysosomes. Fourteen pregnancies at risk of adult-type free sialic acid storage disease, SD, were monitored by sialic acid assays, genetic linkage or mutation detection analyses using chorionic villus samples. Three affected and 12 unaffected fetuses were identified. The first studies were based on the sialic acid assays alone, but the location of the gene enabled the use of genetic linkage analysis and, more recently, the identification of the SLC17A5 gene and disease-causing mutations added yet another possibility for prenatal studies. A missense mutation 115C-->T (R39C) is present in 95% of all Finnish SD alleles, providing an easy and reliable means of diagnostic studies. Both molecular and biochemical (sialic acid assay) studies can be used for prenatal diagnosis of free sialic acid storage diseases.
Automatic reconstruction of personalized avatars from 3D face scans (2011)

Abstract We present a simple algorithm for computing a high‐quality personalized avatar from a single color image and the corresponding depth map which have been captured by Microsoft's Kinect sensor. Due to the low market price of our hardware setup, 3D face scanning becomes feasible for home use. The proposed algorithm combines the advantages of robust non‐rigid registration and fitting of a morphable face model. We obtain a high‐quality reconstruction of the facial geometry and texture along with one‐to‐one correspondences with our generic face model. This representation allows for a wide range of further applications such as facial animation or manipulation. Our algorithm has proven to be very robust. Since it does not require any user interaction, even non‐expert users can easily create their own personalized avatars. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.