gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y Concentrations in Diabetic Rat (1988)

Central and lateral hypothalamic concentrations of 10 regulatory peptides were measured by radioimmunoassay in streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ-D) and matched control rats between 1 day and 14 wk after diabetes induction. After 2 wk, both central and lateral hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) concentrations in STZ-D rats were consistently higher than those found in control rats, with significant 30-50% increases at 4 wk in the central hypothalamus, and at 6 and 14 wk in both central and lateral hypothalamus. Immunocytochemical studies in 4- and 6-wk STZ-D animals showed the appearance of intensely NPY-positive swollen cell bodies in the supraoptic nucleus and a subjective increase in NPY staining of medial hypothalamic nerve fibers. Central hypothalamic concentrations of three other peptides were significantly greater in STZ-D animals than those in control animals at single points (neurotensin, 1 day; calcitonin gene-related peptide, 2 wk; neurokinin, 4 wk). Hypothalamic concentrations of the other six peptides examined (bombesin, galanin, neuromedin B, substance P, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide) did not differ significantly between STZ-D and control groups at any time. However, galanin immunostaining in the supraoptic and magnocellular paraventricular nuclei was strikingly concentrated in a reduced number of distended cell bodies. Hypothalamic peptide changes in STZ-D could be related to metabolic disturbance, changes in energy and water balance, altered pituitary function, or other factors. Persistently elevated concentrations of NPY, a very potent central stimulant of eating and drinking, may mediate the hyperphagia and polydipsia characteristic of STZ-D.
New Antitumor-Active Azole-Bridged Dinuclear Platinum(II) Complexes:  Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structures, and Cytotoxic Studies (2000)

Three new derivatives of the cytotoxic azole-bridged dinuclear platinum(II) complex [(cis-Pt(NH3)2)2(mu-OH)(mu-pz)][NO3]2 (1) have been prepared and structurally characterized. Their formulas are [(cis-Pt(NH3)2)2(mu-OH)(mu-1,2,3-ta)][NO3]2 (2) (1,2,3-ta = 1,2,3-triazolate), [(Pt(R,R-dach))(mu-OH)(mu-pz)(Pt(S,S- dach))][NO3]2 (3) (dach = 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, pz = pyrazolate), and [(Pt(R,R-dach))(mu-1,2,3- ta)2(Pt(S,S-dach))][NO3]2 (4). The compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, and their crystal structures were determined. Relevant data for 2: triclinic, space group P1, a = 8.5225(15) A, b = 9.1977(18) A, c = 9.9771(7) A, alpha = 66.988(10) degrees, beta = 75.423(9) degrees, gamma = 67.321(13) degrees, Z = 2. 3: orthorhombic, space group Pca2(1), a = 17.7653(3) A, b = 12.4076(3) A, c = 10.7091(3) A, Z = 4. 4: orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a = 13.8944(1) A, b = 17.8668(1) A, c = 20.7647(2) A, Z = 8. In the crystal structures of 2, and 3, the intramolecular distances between the two Pt atoms are 3.4411(6) and 3.4873(5) A, and the dihedral angles between the platinum coordination planes are 14.1(3) and 9.3(4) degrees, respectively. In 2, an intramolecular hydrogen bond is observed between N9 of the ammine ligand and the noncoordinated nitrogen atom (N3) of the triazole ring (N9...N3: 2.962(10) A). 4 has a boat-form structure, and the two coordination planes cross at 83.64(10) degrees. A cytotoxicity assay of these dinuclear platinum(II) compounds on human tumor cell lines was performed. In most of the cell lines, 1 and 2 showed much higher cytotoxicity than those of cisplatin. On the other hand, 3 was found to be moderately active, and 4 was found only marginally cytotoxic. Implications of these findings are discussed in the context of a structure-activity relationship.
The 2013 virtual reality career award (2013)

The 2013 virtual reality career award goes to Henry Fuchs, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for his lifetime contributions to research and practice in virtual environments, telepresence, and medical applications. Since the 1970s, Henry Fuchs has made pioneer contributions to many of the technologies needed to enable virtual and augmented reality: automatic construction of 3D models and scenes, fast rendering algorithms (BSP Trees), graphics hardware (Pixel-Planes), large-area tracking systems (HiBall), optical and video see-through head-mounted displays. Many of these advances were inspired by demanding applications such as augmenting visualization for surgical assistance (by merging real and virtual objects) and teleimmersion for remote medical consultation. He continues to innovate within a multi-national telepresence research center with sites at ETH Zurich, NTU Singapore, and UNC Chapel Hill. The IEEE VGTC is pleased to award Henry Fuchs the 2013 Virtual Reality Career Award.
Standardized problem list generation, utilizing the Mayo canonical vocabulary embedded within the Unified Medical Language System. (1997)

VOCABULARY: The Mayo problem list vocabulary is a clinically derived lexicon created from the entries made to the Mayo Clinic's Master Sheet Index and the problem list entries made to the Impression/ Report/Plan section of the Clinical Notes System over the last three years. The vocabulary was reduced by eliminating repetition including lexical variants, spelling errors, and qualifiers (Administrative or Operational terms). Qualifiers are re-coordinated with other terms, at run-time, which greatly increased the number of input strings which our system is capable of recognizing. IMPLEMENTATION: The Problem Manager is implemented using standard windows tools in a Windows NT environment. The interface is designed using Object Pascal. HTTP calls are passed over the World Wide Web to a UNIX based vocabulary server. The server returns a document, which is read into Object Pascal structures, parsed, filtered and displayed. STUDY: This paper reports the results of a recent Usability Trial focused on assessing the viability of this mechanism for standardized problem entry. Eight clinicians engaged in eleven scenarios and responded as to their satisfaction with the systems performance. These responses were observed, videotaped and tabulated. Clinicians in this study were able to find acceptable diagnoses in 91.1% of the scenarios. The response time was acceptable in 92.5% of the scenarios. The presentation of related terms was stated to be useful in at least one scenario by seven of the eight participants. All clinicians wanted to make use of shortcuts which would minimize the amount of typing necessary to encode the concept they were searching for (e.g. Abbreviations, Word Completion). CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians are willing to choose a canonical term from a suggested list (as opposed to their own wording). Clinicians want an "intelligent" system, which would suggest terms within a category (e.g. Types of "Migraine"). They are able to make functional use of our system, in its current state of development. Finally, all clinicians appreciate the value of encoding their problems in a standardized vocabulary, toward improved research, education and practice.
Lesiones elementales de la mucosa bucal. Guía para el diagnóstico clínico de patologías de la mucosa bucal. (2016)

Abstract. The oral mucosa is frequently affected by a lot of pathologies. The clinical diagnosis is sometimes difficult and the clinician needs a simple guide to do it. This guide, based in some elementary lesions and diseases of the oral mucosa, is a simple and practical way to make a diagnosis.
The importance of staying current on rapid sequence intubation (2010)

Traditionally a skill of anesthesiologists, the ability to perform intubation is increasingly required of other health care providers, including internists, PAs, and paramedics.
Hepatic Radiofrequency Ablation Using Multiple Probes: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Comparative Studies of Monopolar versus Multipolar Modes (2006)

For the multiple probe RFA, the multipolar mode with hypertonic saline instillation was more efficient in generating larger areas of thermal ablation than either the consecutive or simultaneous monopolar modes.
Property enhancement of spheroidal graphite cast iron by heat treatment (2010)

Parents of children with the neurofibromatoses (NF; neurofibromatosis 1, neurofibromatosis 2, and schwannomatosis) are at an increased risk for emotional and physical health problems. This study aimed to determine parents' perceptions of stressors associated with parenting a child with NF in order to inform the development of a resiliency intervention. We conducted three live video semi structured focus groups with parents of youth with NF (N = 30), which were subsequently transcribed and coded using qualitative content analysis. Parents reported heightened stress associated with the child's educational, medical, and social needs, as well as concerns about their child's physical and mental health. They also reported stress associated with managing finances, multiple medical appointments, role challenges (i.e., being a parent or partner), and managing the uncertainty/unpredictability of their child's NF diagnosis. These stressors reportedly affected employment status (i.e., work scale backs), relationships (i.e., social, familial, with partner, other children), and the parents' physical and mental health. All participants expressed interest in a mind body program aimed at improving resiliency by teaching coping skills (e.g., mindfulness, adaptive thinking, positive psychology skills) and enhancing social support. Results show parents' enthusiasm for a resiliency intervention targeting stress associated with parenting a child with NF, and provide valuable information for the content of the intervention and its delivery modality.
Purification and Characterization of an Antifungal Chitinase from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (1991)

Plants exhibit an altered pattern of protein synthesis in response to pathogen invasion and abiotic stress. One of these ;pathogenesis-related' proteins has been identified as chitinase, which is capable of inhibiting fungal growth in vitro. This observation has led to the suggestion that the in vivo role of chitinases is to protect plants against fungal invasion. Here, we report the purification and characterization of a basic chitinase from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Columbia wild type. The purified enzyme has a molecular mass of approximately 32 kilodaltons as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and an apparent pl of approximately 8.7 as determined by isoelectric focusing. The purified protein is an effective inhibitor of the growth of Trichoderma reesei in vitro but does not affect the growth of several other fungi. Amino acid composition analysis of the intact protein as well as amino acid composition analysis and automatic Edman degradation of isolated tryptic fragments of the enzyme indicate that it may be identical to the product of a chitinase gene isolated from an Arabidopsis genomic library (Samac DA, Hironaka CM, Yallaly PE, Shah DM [1990] Plant Physiol 93: 907-914).
Rare-Earth Infrared Lifetimes and Exciton Migration Rates in Trichloride Crystals (1968)

Lifetimes of trivalent rare-earth ion levels below 14 000 cm−1 have been measured in the LaCl3, GdCl3, and YCl3 hosts, using the infrared quantum counter and ir fluorescence techniques. Because of their low radiative and multiphonon relaxation rates, these levels are well suited to concentration-quenching studies. Temperature dependences provide evidence that the ion-pair decays of H63 and F33 in Pr3+ and I13/24 and I15/24 in Nd3+ occur resonantly (i.e., without phonon assistance) between excited Stark components. This enables the measured decay rates for these four levels to be used in estimating the rate for a single resonant transfer of all of the ion's energy to a neighboring ion. This latter process is the basic step of the excitation–migration process. From the lifetimes of a number of levels which are quenched by migration to “sinks,” an estimate of 4 × 105 is then obtained for the number of transfers that occur before a sink is reached. Levels quenched by migration to sinks are found to decay exponentially, with a lifetime which increases with increasing crystal purity.
Highly Cross-Linked Self-Assembled Monolayer Stationary Phases:  An Approach to Greatly Enhancing the Low pH Stability of Silica-Based Stationary Phases (2002)

A new type of silica-based stationary phase with dramatically improved acid stability compared to any currently available silica-based stationary phase has been developed. Superior low pH stability is achieved by first self-assembling a densely bonded monolayer of (chloromethyl)-phenylethyltrichlorosilane (CMPES). The self-assembly step is followed by a Friedel-Crafts cross-linking of the reactive moieties with their neighbors, by addition of secondary, cross-linkable aromatic reagents, or by both. This phase is not endcapped. Elemental analysis data shows that an aluminum chloride catalyst is very effective at bonding aromatic cross-linking reagents, such as styrene heptamer and triphenylmethane, to the reactive CMPES monolayer. The stability of the retention factor of decylbenzene on the cross-linked self-assembled CMPES phases is compared to a sterically protected C18 phase to illustrate its superior resistance to acid-catalyzed-phase loss. Inverse size exclusion chromatography and flow-curve comparisons of the cross-linked self-assembled CMPES and the sterically protected C18 stationary phases illustrate their similar chromatographic efficiency.
Wavelet analysis and time-frequency distributions of the body surface ECG before and after angioplasty (2000)

In a pilot study, electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings of patients with left and right coronary stenosis taken before and after angioplasty were analyzed using the continuous wavelet transform. Time-frequency distributions were obtained for different leads in order to examine the dynamics of the QRS-spectrum and establish features specific of ischemia in the time-frequency domain. We found relevant changes in the mid-frequency range, reflecting the ECG's response to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The changes appeared in ECG leads close to ischemic zones of the myocardium. Time-frequency distributions of the ECG during the QRS may thus become another electrocardiographic indicator of ischemia, alternative to ST-level in standard ECG or body surface mapping. The paper demonstrates the ability of the continuous wavelet transform to detect short lasting events of low amplitude superimposed on large signal deflections.
Enantioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Allylation Reaction of Fluorinated Silyl Enol Ethers. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of a novel benzoxazine monomer‐intercalated montmorillonite and the curing kinetics of polybenzoxazine/clay hybrid nanocomposites (2005)

Abstract Polybenzoxazine (PBZ), which has a structure similar to that of phenolic resin, is formed through the thermal self‐curing of benzoxazine, that is through a heterocyclic ring opening reaction that requires no catalyst and releases no condensation byproducts. We have used the solvent blending method to prepare PBZ/clay nanocomposites possessing various clay contents. We synthesized a monofunctional benzoxazine monomer (MBM) and then treated the clay with this intercalation agent. The results of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that MBM intercalated into the galleries of the clay; the nanocomposite possessed an exfoliated structure at 3% clay content. To better understand the curing kinetics of the PBZ/clay nanocomposites, we performed dynamic and isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. We describe the thermodynamics of the curing process, using all three of the Kissinger, Ozawa, and Kamal models. The Kissinger and Ozawa methods gave fairly close results for the calculated activation energies, which decreased upon increasing the clay content. The Kamal method, based on an autocatalytic model, suggested a total reaction order of between 2.4 and 2.8. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) decreased upon increasing the clay content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the nanocomposites have higher decomposition temperatures than does the pristine PBZ; this finding suggests an enhancement in their thermal stability. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 347–358, 2006
Numerical Modeling of Coupled Electrochemical and Transport Processes in Lead‐Acid Batteries (1997)

A numerical model is developed to predict transient behaviors of electric vehicle lead‐acid batteries during discharge and charge processes. The model not only accounts for coupled processes of electrochemical kinetics and mass transport occurring in a battery cell, but also considers free convection resulting from density variations due to acid stratification. A single set of conservation equations valid for both porous electrodes and the free electrolyte region is derived and numerically solved using a computational fluid dynamics technique. This numerical methodology is capable of simulating a two‐dimensional cell with the fluid flow taken into consideration and requires only tens of minutes of central processing unit time on engineering workstations. Four sample calculations are presented in this work to provide rigorous validation of the developed simulator. The simulator is capable of predicting the transient behavior of the acid concentration, the porosity of the electrodes, and the state of charge of the battery during discharge, rest, and charge cycles. The model can also be used to investigate the effects of various system parameters, such as electrode dimensions, separator design, temperature, and electrolyte composition on the battery performance (voltage, power, cold cranking amperage, etc.).
Carcinoma in Situ of the Penis (1994)

Bowen's disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat and bowenoid papulosis are uncommon disorders of the anogenital skin that may be confused with a variety of other lesions. While all appear histologically as carcinoma in situ and are strongly associated with human papillomavirus infection, only Bowen's disease and erythroplasia of Queyrat have been demonstrated to lead to the development of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. In contrast, bowenoid papulosis has a completely benign course with no present evidence suggesting the potential for malignant degeneration. The standard treatment for all 3 lesions in surgical excision, although use of the carbon dioxide or neodymium:YAG laser appears to be effective at obtaining local control of disease while achieving an excellent cosmetic result. Alternative treatments with micrographic surgery, topical 5-fluorouracil or radiotherapy have a more limited role. It is important to remember that adequate biopsies are always necessary to ensure a complete and accurate diagnosis, and allow for proper treatment and followup, as well as appropriate counseling of sexual partners.
Effects of Support Composition and Pretreatment Conditions on the Structure of Vanadia Dispersed on SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, and HfO<sub>2</sub> (2000)

Spectroscopic techniques (X-ray absorption, Raman, and UV−visible) were utilized to monitor the effect of adsorbed water, calcination temperature, and reduction in H2 on the structure of dispersed VOx for vanadia supported on SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, and HfO2 prepared with VOx surface densities ranging from 0.46 VOx/nm2 to 11.1 VOx/nm2. Supported vanadia was found to exist as monovanadate, polyvanadate, or V2O5 species, the distribution among these species depending on the support for a given VOx surface density. Dehydration resulted in the appearance of monovanadate species on all supports, with the extent of these species decreasing in the order HfO2 > Al2O3 > ZrO2 > TiO2 > SiO2. Hydration of the samples caused a decrease in the monovanadate species and a slight increase in polyvanadate species. Oxidation at elevated temperature resulted in an increase in the crystallinity of V2O5 present on SiO2, a conversion of V2O5 into polyvanadate species on Al2O3, and the appearance of mixed-metal oxide phases on TiO2, ZrO2 (ZrV2O7), and HfO2 (HfV2O7). The appearance of an interaction between vanadia and titania coincides with the transformation from anatase to rutile TiO2. ZrV2O7 and HfV2O7 are postulated to form via the interaction of surface VOx species with the support as the support begins to undergo a phase transition from tetragonal to monoclinic. H2 reduction produced limited changes in the structure of dispersed vanadia except on Al2O3, where V2O5 was transformed into polyvanadate species.
Deductive Biocomputing (2007)

Through the use of automated deduction guided by a biological subject domain theory, this work is a step towards enabling biologists to conveniently and efficiently marshal integrated knowledge, data, and computational tools toward resolving complex biological queries.
Serum cardiac enzymes in stroke. (1979)

Serum cardiac enzyme levels (CK, LDH, SGOT) were estimated and the ECG recorded for 4 days following admission of 288 patients (Group I) to a stroke intensive care unit. Sixty-four of these patients, subsequently found not to have strokes, served as controls. Mean serum levels of all 3 cardiac enzymes were elevated in 8% of the 224 patients with stroke. The mean serum enzyme levels in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) did not differ from controls. In a second group of 230 patients with stroke (Group II) serum CK levels were measured and the isoenzyems were fractionated to determine the tissue source of the enzymes. One hundred and one patients had raised total CK values and 25 of these (11%) had raised CK-MB (heart) iso-enzyme, the remainder having CK-MM (skeletal muscle) fraction. No serum CK-BB (brain) iso-enzyme was detected in any patient. Patients with positive serum levels of CK-MB has more evidence of acute myocardial ischemia on ECG (p less than 0.05), and more cardiac arrhythmias (p less than 0.001) than those with normal CK levels. Scattered areas of myocytolysis were found in the myocardium at autopsy in one patient. The acute rise in serum cardiac enzymes which we have recorded in the initial stages of stroke suggest that acute myocardial involvement is a commoner complication than is generally recognized. Also, since the CK-MB rises were modest and progressive, it is more likely that this acute myocardial dysfunction is a consequence, rather than a cause, of the acute cerebrovascular lesion.
Frequency measurements on Gunn effect devices with concentric electrodes (1970)

Measurements of the variation of oscillation frequency with applied voltage are described for Gunn devices with concentric electrodes. It is shown that the experimental results are in good general agreement with theory; domain nucleation however is found to be inhibited while another domain exists in a device even though conditions are otherwise suitable for renucleation. Thus devices with non-uniform geometry provide a useful medium for studying the principles of domain nucleation.