gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The HIH collapse: a catalyst for costly reform (2006)

This paper examines the corporate governance and audit law reforms wrought in the wake of recent corporate scandals such as the HIH collapse. It considers the cost of these reforms and, using HIH as a principle reference point, the likely benefits. In particular, it questions reforms in the areas of auditor independence and audit standards. Do the new independence requirements go far enough? Does audit practice regulation now go too far? Indeed, is the audit function inherently susceptible to legislated sanction – or does this denigrate the very essence of auditing as a profession?
Multichannel filtering and reconstruction of ultrasonic guided wave fields using time intercept-slowness transform (2014)

Multichannel ultrasonic axial-transmission data are multimodal by nature. As guided waves are commonly used in nondestructive material testing, wave field filtering becomes important because the analysis is usually limited to a few lower-order modes and requires their extraction. An application of the Radon transform to enhance signal-to-noise ratio and separate wave fields in ultrasonic records is presented. The method considers guided wave fields as superpositions of plane waves defined by ray parameters (p) and time intercepts (τ) and stacks the amplitudes along linear trajectories, mapping time-offset (t - x) data to a τ - p or Radon panel. The transform is implemented using a least-squares strategy with Cauchy-norm regularization that serves to enhance the focusing power. The method was verified using simulated data and applied to an uneven spatially sampled bovine-bone-plate data set. The results demonstrate the Radon panels show isolated amplitude clusters and the Cauchy-norm constraint provides a more focused Radon image than the damped least-squares regularization. Wave field separation can be achieved by selectively windowing the τ - p signals and inverse transformation, which is illustrated by the successful extraction of the A0 mode in bone plate. In addition, the method effectively attenuates noise, enhances the coherency of the guided wave modes, and reconstructs the missing records. The proposed transform presents a powerful signal-enhancement tool to process guided waves for further analysis and inversion.
The antiarrhythmic and antiinflammatory activity of a series of tricyclic pyrazoles (1976)

Abstract A series of tricyclic pyrazoles were prepared from intermediates available from steroid total synthesis and tested for antiarrhythmic and antiinflammatory activity.
Yeats and the Invisible People of Ireland (1966)

W. B. Yeats is known for his interest in the occult. This author focuses on the Irish myth of fairies and explains how Yeats, with his Irish culture and imagination, could have believed in the existence of the good people.
On a Criterion for the Rejection of Observations and the Distribution of the Ratio of Deviation to Sample Standard Deviation (1935)

Criteria for the rejection of outlying observations may be designed to reject a given fraction of all observations, or a proportion varying with the size of the sample. Irwin' has discussed several criteria based on sampling from a normal population which had been used previously, as well as one which he proposed. This is based on the principal of fixing the expectation of rejecting an observation from a sample independently of the aggregate number, N, of the sample. The criterion, X, is b/a times the interval between successive observations in ascending order of magnitude, where a is the standard deviation of the sampled population. In the same paper he gave, for different values of N, a table of P1(X) and P2(X), respectively probabffities of exceeding given values of X for the first or second such interval from either end. In actual use, however, a is estimated from the sample standard deviation, and we are left to decide whether observations in question are to be included or not in estimating the standard deviation as also whether or not to modify this by addition or subtraction of an estimate of its probable error. The object of the present communication is to develop a criterion free from defects of this nature, depending only on the assumption of random sampling from a normal universe. For this purpose we develop the distribution of T defined by
Mutant Caveolin-3 Induces Persistent Late Sodium Current and Is Associated With Long-QT Syndrome (2006)

The present study reports the first CAV3 mutations in subjects with LQTS, and we provide functional data demonstrating a gain-of-function increase in late sodium current.
A Method to Evaluate CFG Comparison Algorithms (2014)

Control-Flow Graph (CFG) similarity is a core technique in many areas, including malware detection and software plagiarism detection. While many algorithms have been proposed in the literature, their relative strengths and weaknesses have not been previously studied. Moreover, it is not even clear how to perform such an evaluation. In this paper we therefore propose the first methodology for evaluating CFG similarity algorithms with respect to accuracy and efficiency. At the heart of our methodology is a technique to automatically generate benchmark graphs, CFGs of known edit distances. We show the result of applying our methodology to four popular algorithms. Our results show that an algorithm proposed by Hu et al. is most efficient both in terms of running time and accuracy.
Predictions from the trigger mechanism for Ziegler‐Natta polymerization of α‐olefins (1993)

Abstract The trigger mechanism is a new concept for understanding the polymerization of α‐olefins with Ziegler‐Natta catalysts. The mechanism is based on the interaction of two monomers in the transition state, where an incoming monomer triggers the insertion of a complexated monomer. The monomer site is never a free site, and is thus protected from attack by Lewis bases in the reaction medium. The stereochemical discrimination is due to the interaction of the two monomers. This interaction determines the orientation of the incoming monomer, and the stereochemistry of the insertion is given when the monomer is complexated. The model predicts a reaction rate order vs . monomer concentration between 1.0 and 2.0, a reduced overall polymerization rate above a given temperature, very complex kinetics for copolymerization, a lower stereochemical discrimination for the first inserted monomer, and a high stereochemical discrimination.
Bitmap picture to toolpaths converter for NC machine (2010)

A simple method to create the toolpaths from bitmap picture of the workpiece for NC machine is described in this article. Halftone process is used to reproduce a continuous tone picture to binary tone picture for making a prototype picture. The obtained two dimensions picture with halftone process is employed to create the toolpaths of the sample workpiece. The workpiece dimension can be scaled to limitation of work table of NC machine by user with independent of picture resolution. The toolpaths are created as cutter location data (CL) that can be imported to postprocessor for NC machine. The proposed method is developed using visual C# programming language under window environment. Experimental implementation exhibits that the proposed bitmap picture to toolpath converter is efficient for the postprocessor to generate machine command for sculpture the workpiece from bitmap picture.
Photoinduced doping and photoluminescence signature in an exfoliated WS<sub>2</sub> monolayer semiconductor (2016)

Photoinduced doping effect in a mechanically-exfoliated high-quality tungsten disulfide (WS<sub>2</sub>) monolayer.
Related mannose‐specific lectins from different species of the family Amaryllidaceae (1988)

Bulbs from three species of the plant family Amaryllidaceae ( Narcissus pseudonurcissus L., Leucojum aestivum L. and Leucojum vernum L.) were found to contain mannose‐specific lectins. These lectins were serologically identical to a previously reported Amaryllidaceae lectin from Galanthus nivalis L. bulbs, but had a different molecular structure. The lectins described in this paper are dimeric proteins composed of subunits of 13 kDa, which are not held together by disulphide bridges. In hapten‐inhibition assays Amaryllidaceae lectins exhibited exclusive specificity towards mannose. Furthermore, they all had a high specific agglutination activity with trypsin‐treated rabbit erythrocytes, whereas human red blood cells were not agglutinated.
Circulating microRNAs as Novel Minimally Invasive Biomarkers for Breast Cancer (2010)

These findings suggest that systemic miRNAs have potential use as novel breast cancer biomarkers and may prove useful in clinical management during the perioperative period.
“Electric” Zip Tips™, Preliminary Results (2002)

Induction based fluidics (IBF), a new, simple patented approach for transporting liquids in the micro and the macro world, is discussed. Electric fields are shown to energize liquid/s in a container/s to execute an array of purposes. IBF is shown uniquely to energize N liquids in simple off the shelf devices, inductively. We discuss calibration and other issues, as we demonstrate how simple devices can dispense nanoliters and microliters with high precision and accuracy. Furthermore, we show preliminary single and eight channel data for the Zip Tip™ made by Millipore where the device transports liquids “electrically.” We briefly consider how such new devices, “electric” Zip Tips™, might automate desalting and the placement of digests for MALDI TOF analysis.
Directed Evolution of Artificial Metalloenzymes: A Universal Means to Tune the Selectivity of Transition Metal Catalysts? (2019)

Transition metal catalysts mediate a wide variety of chemo-, stereo-, and regioselective transformations, and therefore play a pivotal role in modern synthetic organic chemistry. Steric and electronic effects of ligands provide organic chemists with an exceedingly useful tool. More than four decades ago, chemists began to think about a different approach, namely, embedding achiral ligand/metal moieties covalently or noncovalently in protein hosts with formation of artificial metalloenzymes. While structurally fascinating, this approach led in each case only to a single (bio)catalyst, with its selectivity and activity being a matter of chance. In order to solve this fundamental problem, my group proposed in 2000-2002 the idea of directed evolution of artificial metalloenzymes. In earlier studies, we had already demonstrated that directed evolution of enzymes constitutes a viable method for enhancing and inverting the stereoselectivity of enzymes as catalysts in organic chemistry. We speculated that it should also be possible to manipulate selectivity and activity of artificial metalloenzymes, which would provide organic chemists with a tool for optimizing essentially any transition metal catalyzed reaction type. In order to put this vision into practice, we first turned to the Whitesides system for artificial metalloenzyme formation, comprising a biotinylated diphosphine/Rh moiety, which is anchored noncovalently to avidin or streptavidin. Following intensive optimization, proof of principle was finally demonstrated in 2006, which opened the door to a new research area. This personal Account critically assesses these early studies as well as subsequent efforts from my group focusing on different protein scaffolds, and includes briefly some of the most important current contributions of other groups. Two primary messages emerge: First, since organic chemists continue to be extremely good at designing and implementing man-made transition metal catalysts, often on a large scale, those scientists that are active in the equally intriguing field of directed evolution of artificial metalloenzymes should be moderate when generalizing claims. All factors required for a truly viable catalytic system need to be considered, especially activity and ease of upscaling. Second, the most exciting and thus far very rare cases of directed evolution of artificial metalloenzymes are those that focus on selective transformations that are not readily possible using state of the art transition metal catalysts.
Attacking the process migration bottleneck (1987)

Moving the contents of a large virtual address space stands out as the bottleneck in process migration, dominating all other costs and growing with the size of the program. Copy-on-reference shipment is shown to successfully attack this problem in the Accent distributed computing environment. Logical memory transfers at migration time with individual on-demand page fetches during remote execution allows relocations to occur up to one thousand times faster than with standard techniques. While the amount of allocated memory varies by four orders of magnitude across the processes studied, their transfer times are practically constant. The number of bytes exchanged between machines as a result of migration and remote execution drops by an average of 58% in the representative processes studied, and message-handling costs are cut by over 47% on average. The assumption that processes touch a relatively small part of their memory while executing is shown to be correct, helping to account for these figures. Accent's copy-on-reference facility can be used by any application wishing to take advantage of lazy shipment of data.
An Efficient Knoevenagel Condensation Catalyzed by LaCl<sub>3</sub>.7H<sub>2</sub>O in Heterogeneous Medium<sup>#</sup> (2003)

Abstract Knoevenagel condensation was carried out in absence of solvent with a mild Lewis acid Lanthanum(III) chloride, to prepare substituted alkenes. A systematic study of the reaction to establish the generality of the method has been undertaken with various aldehydes and active methylene compounds.
Dynamic Binary Instrumentation Technology Overview (2012)

The Dynamic Binary Analysis technology is a newly emerged technology which can analysis program execution dynamicly. Using this technology, the process of program analysis became more simple and accurate. Foreign researchers had put forward several Dynamic Binary Analysis Platform in recent 10 years. Based on these platforms, users can easily build useful analysis tools which satisfy their own needs. This paper introduces five most representative Dynamic Binary Analysis platforms first. Then, four significant fields and existing applications closely related with Dynamic Binary Analysis technology are explored. In the end of this paper, the feature research hot spots are discussed.
Impaired β-arrestin recruitment and reduced desensitization by non-catechol agonists of the D1 dopamine receptor (2018)

Selective activation of dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) has been pursued for 40 years as a therapeutic strategy for neurologic and psychiatric diseases due to the fundamental role of D1Rs in motor function, reward processing, and cognition. All known D1R-selective agonists are catechols, which are rapidly metabolized and desensitize the D1R after prolonged exposure, reducing agonist response. As such, drug-like selective D1R agonists have remained elusive. Here we report a novel series of selective, potent non-catechol D1R agonists with promising in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. These ligands stimulate adenylyl cyclase signaling and are efficacious in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease after oral administration. They exhibit distinct binding to the D1R orthosteric site and a novel functional profile including minimal receptor desensitization, reduced recruitment of β-arrestin, and sustained in vivo efficacy. These results reveal a novel class of D1 agonists with favorable drug-like properties, and define the molecular basis for catechol-specific recruitment of β-arrestin to D1Rs.
Rabies Virus-Induced Membrane Fusion Pathway (2000)

Fusion of rabies virus with membranes is triggered at low pH and is mediated by the viral glycoprotein (G). The rabies virus-induced fusion pathway was studied by investigating the effects of exogenous lipids having various dynamic molecular shapes on the fusion process. Inverted cone-shaped lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) blocked fusion at a stage subsequent to fusion peptide insertion into the target membrane. Consistent with the stalk-hypothesis, LPC with shorter alkyl chains inhibited fusion at lower membrane concentrations and this inhibition was compensated by the presence of oleic acid. However, under suboptimal fusion conditions, short chain LPCs, which were translocated in the inner leaflet of the membranes, considerably reduced the lag time preceding membrane merging, resulting in faster kinetics of fusion. This indicated that the rate limiting step for fusion is the formation of a fusion pore in a diaphragm of restricted hemifusion. The previously described cold-stabilized prefusion complex was also characterized. This intermediate is at a well-advanced stage of the fusion process when the hemifusion diaphragm is destabilized, but lipid mixing is still restricted, probably by a ring-like complex of glycoproteins. I provide evidence that this state has a dynamic character and that its lipid organization can reverse back to two lipid bilayers.
Asian Citrus Psyllid RNAi Pathway – RNAi evidence (2016)

Diaphorina citri, known as the Asian citrus psyllid, is an important pest of citrus because it transmits a phloem-limited bacteria strongly implicated in huanglongbing (citrus greening disease). Emerging biotechnologies, such as RNA interference, could provide a new sustainable and environmentally friendly strategy for the management of this pest. In this study, genome and functional analysis were performed to verify whether the RNAi core genes are present in the Asian psyllid genome and if the RNAi machinery could be exploited to develop a management strategy for this pest. Analyses of RNAi-related genes in the Asian citrus psyllid genome showed an absence of sequences encoding R2D2, a dsRNA-binding protein that functions as a cofactor of Dicer-2 in Drosophila. Nevertheless, bioassays using an in Planta System showed that the Asian citrus psyllid was very sensitive to ingested dsRNA, demonstrating a strong RNAi response. A small dose of dsRNA administered through a citrus flush was enough to trigger the RNAi mechanism, causing significant suppression of the targeted transcript, and increased psyllid mortality. This study provides evidence of a functional RNAi machinery, which could be further exploited to develop RNAi based management strategies for the control of the Asian citrus psyllid.
Through Si vias using liquid metal conductors for re-workable 3D electronics (2013)

This paper describes the design and fabrication of liquid metal interconnects (vias) for 2.5D and 3D integration. The liquid metal is gallium indium eutectic (78.6% Ga, 21.4% In) with a melting temperature of approximately 15.7 °C, which is introduced into via openings of a silicon interposer. This liquid metal interconnect technology can be integrated with existing interposer technologies, including capacitors and traditional (solid metal) through-silicon vias (TSVs). We anticipate that liquid metal interconnects can better accommodate thermal stresses and provide re-workability in case of chip failure or upgrade. We determined the liquid metal resistance to be 1.67 KΩ at room temperature and observed an increase in the resistance to 5.6 KΩ at 37°C.
Exploring the effects of image persistence in low frame rate virtual environments (2015)

In virtual reality applications, there is an aim to provide real time graphics which run at high refresh rates. However, there are many situations in which this is not possible due to simulation or rendering issues. When running at low frame rates, several aspects of the user experience are affected. For example, each frame is displayed for an extended period of time, causing a high persistence image artifact. The effect of this artifact is that movement may lose continuity, and the image jumps from one frame to another. In this paper, we discuss our initial exploration of the effects of high persistence frames caused by low refresh rates and compare it to high frame rates and to a technique we developed to mitigate the effects of low frame rates. In this technique, the low frame rate simulation images are displayed with low persistence by blanking out the display during the extra time such image would be displayed. In order to isolate the visual effects, we constructed a simulator for low and high persistence displays that does not affect input latency. A controlled user study comparing the three conditions for the tasks of 3D selection and navigation was conducted. Results indicate that the low persistence display technique may not negatively impact user experience or performance as compared to the high persistence case. Directions for future work on the use of low persistence displays for low frame rate situations are discussed.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived interleukin‐6 and vascular endothelial growth factor promote breast cancer cell migration (2012)

Several different cytokines and growth factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been hypothesized to play a role in breast cancer progression. By using a small panel of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, and SK-Br-3 cells), we analyzed the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) in the cross-talk between MSCs and breast cancer cells. We performed migration assays in which breast cancer cells were allowed to migrate in response to conditioned medium from MSCs (MSCs-CM), in absence or in presence of the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab or an anti-IL-6 antibody, alone or in combination. We found that anti-VEGF and anti-IL-6 antibodies inhibited the migration of breast cancer cells and that the combination had an higher inhibitory effect. We next evaluated the effects of recombinant VEGF and IL-6 proteins on breast cancer cell growth and migration. IL-6 and VEGF had not significant effects on the proliferation of breast carcinoma cells. In contrast, both VEGF and IL-6 significantly increased the ability to migrate of MCF-7, T47D and SK-Br-3 cells, with the combination showing a greater effect as compared with treatment with a single protein. The combination of VEGF and IL-6 produced in breast cancer cells a more significant and more persistent activation of MAPK, AKT, and p38MAPK intracellular signaling pathways. These results suggest that MSC-secreted IL-6 and VEGF may act as paracrine factors to sustain breast cancer cell migration.
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with F16CuPC as an Efficient Hole-Injection Layer (2006)

We report a new hole-injection material, copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F$_{16}$CuPC) for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) consisting of N,N&amp;apos;-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N&amp;apos;-diphenylbenzidine ($\\alpha$-NPD) as a hole-transport layer and 8-tris-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq$_3$) as a light-emitting and electron-transport layer. The insertion of the F$_{16}$CuPC between indium-tin oxide (ITO) and $\\alpha$-NPD reduces the operating voltage significantly and thereby increases the luminous efficiency. By measuring the device characteristics for various F$_{16}$CuPC thicknesses, we find that an optimum F$_{16}$CuPC thickness is about 15 nm. At a luminance of 1000 cd/m$^2$, the device with 15-nm-thick F$_{16}$CuPC shows a luminous efficiency of 1.5 lm/W and a device operating voltage of 7.2 V while the device without the F$_{16}$CuPC layer shows 1.1 lm/W and 10.4 V. The significant decrease in a driving voltage and increase in the luminous efficiency can be attributed to the high hole-injection efficiency when F$_{16}$CuPC is inserted between ITO and $\\alpha$-NPD
Wittgenstein. By David Pears. London: Fontana/Collins. 1971. Pp. 188. $1.50. (1972)

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Optical Performance Monitoring from FIR Filter Coefficients in Coherent Receivers (2008)

We present a robust and precise optical performance monitoring technique from FIR filter coefficients in coherent receivers with digital equalization. Residual chromatic dispersion, DGD and OSNR are simultaneously estimated from measured 111 Gbit/s data.