gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemische Erforschung von Lipopolysacchariden gramnegativer Bakterien (1954)

Abstract Lipopolysaccharide gramnegativer Bakterien sind Träger verschiedener charakteristischer biologischer Wirkungen. Ihre chemische Erforschung ist daher von erheblichem, u. a. auch praktisch‐klinischem Interesse. Es wird über Verfahren zur Isolierung und Reindarstellung der Lipopolysaccharide sowie Methoden zu ihrer Spaltung in einzelne Komponenten berichtet. Ergebnisse der qualitativen und quantitativen Bausteinanalyse der Polysaccharid‐ und Lipoid‐Komponenten und Untersuchungen über den Zusammenhang zwischen dem chemischen Bau und der biologischen Funktion einzelner Komponenten werden diskutiert.
Counterpoint (2006)

The new expansion of the Walker Art Center, in Minneapolis—which doubles the museum’s space—is defined by robustly angular forms linked by glass-enclosed walkways. The centerpiece of this splendid addition is a shimmering theater that literally reaches out to the surrounding community—and contrasts brilliantly with the boxy, brick structure that houses the museum.
Dual-affinity peptide mediated inter-protein recognition (2016)

We present for the first time an enhanced interaction affinity between an abundant soluble protein (human serum albumin) and a membrane protein (chemokine receptor 4) mediated by a dual-affinity peptide E5.
Direct Automated MALDI Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Cellular Transporter Function: Inhibition of OATP2B1 Uptake by 294 Drugs (2020)

OATP2B1, a member of the solute carrier (SLC) transporter family, is an important mechanism of substrate drug uptake in the intestine and liver and therefore a determinant of clinical pharmacokinetics and site of drug-drug interactions. Other SLC transporters have emerged as pharmacology targets. Studies of SLC transporter uptake to-date relied on radioisotope- or fluorescence-labeled reagents or low-throughput quantification of unlabeled compounds in cell lysate. In this study, we developed a cell-based MALDI MS workflow for investigation of OATP2B1 cellular uptake by optimizing the substrate, matrix, matrix-analyte ratio, and matrix application and normalization method. This workflow was automated and applied to characterize substrate transport kinetics and to test 294 top-marketed drugs for OATP2B1 inhibition and quantify inhibitory potencies necessary for extrapolation of clinical drug-drug interaction potential. Intra-assay reproducibility of this MALDI MS method was high (CV < 10%), and results agreed well (83% overlap) with previously published radioisotope assay data. Our results indicate that fast and robust MALDI MS cellular assays could emerge as a high-throughput label-free alternative for direct assessment of drug transporter function in DDIs and toxicities as well as enable drug discovery for transporters as pharmacology targets.
Analyses of basketball player field goal shooting postures for player motion correction using kinect sensor (2014)

This work proposes an approach using the lowcost Kinect sensor as an assisting device that not only uses a contactless device to capture images information but cooperates with the application of developing field goal shooting posture detection algorithms for basketball players. The algorithms classify the field goal shooting postures of players into three stages as pre-shot, mid-shot, and post-shot routines each time for analyses. The Kinect first sets the posture recognizing conditions through the data provided by professional players and analyzes the postures affecting the highest and lowest field goal shooting percentage the most and least data from the statistical results.
Atmospheric pressure photoionization‐mass spectrometry and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization‐mass spectrometry of neurotransmitters (2006)

A group of five neurotransmitters with different properties was analyzed using atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). The sensitivity of the techniques for the analytes was tested in six solvents and in positive and negative ion modes. APPI was found to be superior in sensitivity for all the compounds in both positive and negative ion modes. In positive ion mode, water/methanol/formic acid was found to be the best solvent, whereas in negative ion mode, water/methanol/ammonium hydroxide performed best. Detection limits using APPI were between 2.5-250 fmol, depending on the compound. The sensitivity was best for the neurosteroids dehydroepiandrosterone and beta-estradiol, and acetylcholine (LOD 2.5-10 fmol).
Motion of a Ferromagnetic Domain Wall in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1952)

Experiments have been made on a sample of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ cut from a single crystal in such a way that its ferromagnetic domain pattern includes an individual domain wall whose motion can be studied. This sample has a permeability which is high (about 5000) at low frequencies and drops off rapidly above 1000 cycles. A hysteresis loop and data on wall velocity $\mathrm{vs}$ applied field were also taken. The data are discussed in terms of recent developments in the theory of the ferromagnetic domain wall. It appears that this theory explains our data satisfactorily, and that in using it to explain our data we determine some of the fundamental magnetic constants of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. We are also able to gain some insight into domain wall motion in ferrites generally in this way.
Formation of Hydrophilic Nanochannels in the Membrane of Living Cells by the Ringlike Stable Protein-SP1 (2011)

The assembly of functional junction between nerve cells and electronic sensing pads is a critical problem in the construction of effective neuroelectronic hybrid systems. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the ringlike Stable Protein 1 (Sp1) and its derivatives can be used to generate hydrophilic nanochannels in the plasma membrane of living cells. Since SP1-derivatives can be linked to both the plasma membrane, gold or silicon surfaces, they may serve to ohmically link between cells interior and electronic sensing devices.
Quantitative analysis of vascular dimension and plaque composition in coronary multidetector computed tomography images (2006)

The noninvasive assessment of coronary atherosclerosis holds great promise for the future of cardiovascular medicine, and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has recently taken the lead in this area. Earlier studies have shown the ability of MDCT to visualize the coronary lumen and various types of atherosclerotic plaque. The aims of this project are to design, implement, and validate a complete system for the automated, quantitative analysis of coronary MDCT images. The developed system uses graph algorithms and knowledge-based cost functions to automatically segment the lumen and wall, and then uses pattern classification techniques to identify and quantify the tissue types found within the detected vascular wall. The system has been validated in comparison with expert tracings and labels, as well as in comparison with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). In the former, the radial position of the lumen and adventitia were compared at 360 corresponding angular locations in 299 vascular cross sections (from 13 vessels in 5 patients: 5 RCA, 4 LAD, 4 LCX). Results show a border positioning error of 0.150 ± 0.090 mm unsigned / 0.007 ± 0.001 mm signed for the lumen, and 0.210 ± 0.120 mm unsigned / 0.020 ± 0.030 mm signed for the vessel wall. In the comparison with IVUS, the luminal and vascular cross sectional areas were compared in 7 vessels; good correlation was shown for both the lumen (R=0.83) and the vessel wall (R=0.76). The plaque characterization algorithm correctly classified 92% of calcified plaques and 87% of non-calcified plaques.
Determinants of Corporate Leasing Policy (1985)

ABSTRACT The existing finance literature assumes the real operating cash flows from leasing or owning are invariant to the ownership of the asset and focuses on tax‐related incentives for corporate leasing policy. Our analysis suggests that taxes are important in identifying potential lessees and lessors, but are less important in identifying the specific assets leased. We provide a unified analysis of the various incentives affecting the lease‐versus‐purchase decision. We then show how these incentives explain the use of contractual provisions such as maintenance clauses, deposits, options to purchase the asset, and metering.
Triplet Separation Drives Singlet Fission after Femtosecond Correlated Triplet Pair Production in Rubrene (2017)

Singlet fission, a multistep molecular process in which one photon generates two triplet excitons, holds great technological promise. Here, by applying a combination of transient transmittance and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy with 5 fs laser pulses, we resolve the full set of fission steps before the onset of spin dephasing. In addition to its role as a viable singlet fission material, single-crystalline rubrene is selected because its energetics and transition dipole alignment uniquely allow for the unambiguous identification of the various fission steps through their contributions to distinct spectroscopic features. The measurements reveal that the neighboring correlated triplet pair achieves its maximum population within 20 fs. Subsequent growth of the triplet signal on picosecond time scales is attributable to spatial separation of the triplets, proceeding nonadiabatically through weakly coupled but near-resonant states. As such, we provide evidence in crystalline rubrene for a singlet fission step that, until now, has not been convincingly observed.
Pupillary dilatation and driving in diabetic patients (1998)

Diabetic patients routinely have their pupils dilated for fundoscopy as part of the annual review. To assess the ability of diabetic patients to drive after pupillary dilatation we studied 61 diabetic patients (18 IDDM, 43 NIDDM), mean age 54.98 years, before and 1 h after pupillary dilatation with 1 % tropicamide. Binocular visual acuity (BVA) and contrast sensitivity were checked without glare, with glare, and with glare and sunglasses. Glare was introduced using a 60 W bulb in all 61 patients and with a 500 W bulb in 37 of these patients. Prior to dilatation all 61 patients had a BVA of 6/9 or better. A significant reduction in BVA was found post-dilatation (p = 0.005) and 4 out of the 61 patients (6.56 %) had a post-dilatation BVA of less than 6/9. The 60 W glare source caused a significant reduction in BVA pre-dilatation (p < 0.05), but not the 500 W glare. With glare, post-dilatation BVA reduced further, resulting in 6 and 7 patients having a BVA of less than 6/9 with the 60 W and 500 W glare source, respectively. The addition of sunglasses with glare did not improve the BVA. No patient with a BVA of 6/5 pre-dilatation reduced to less than 6/9 post-dilatation. No significant change in contrast sensitivity was found in any of the test conditions. We conclude that patients who meet the visual legal requirements to drive (BVA ≤ 6/9) prior to dilatation may not fulfil them post-dilatation. This has important clinical implications and the time course of the phenomenon requires exploration. Meanwhile, patients need to be warned not to drive after pupillary dilatation when they attend for annual fundoscopic examination, certainly for at least two hours. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
APPLICATION OF DIGITAL CAMERA WITH FISHEYE LENS IN CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY (2009)

In c fast and effective measurements are very important especially when access to untypical, big objects (for example bridges, silo etc.) or buildings in narrow streets is difficult. The application of fisheye lens in hard-to-reach places is possible because of its construction. The filed of view is almost 180 degrees and is much wider than in classical lenses. The same, we can make model or orthoimage of particular object on very small distance in very short period of time. Nevertheless it is connected with the fact, that fisheye lens has a great distortion, and variable resolution (in different places in the image). In paper we will present calibration of fisheye lens. For this purpose authors of this publication have made a fisheye lens calibration model with special test field, and also have examined resolving power, and have developed a method of orthorectification. Using of such images reduces significantly number of photos necessary in terratriangulation process and in creating of orthoimages. In many cases, we can generate an orthoimage using only one image, that comes from camera with fisheye lens, what results in elimination of mosaic process. In order to achieve best results, we have made orthoimages of building facade using both: classical and fisheye lenses. Fish eye lens can be used to architectonic documentation, to creating orthoimage of cultural heritage and in building displacement monitoring.
Deep Cryogenic Low Power 24 Bits Analog to Digital Converter with Active Reverse Cryostat (2015)

LBNL is developing an innovative data acquisition module for superconductive magnets where the front-end electronics and digitizer resides inside the cryostat. This electronic package allows conventional electronic technologies such as enhanced metal–oxide–semiconductor to work inside cryostats at temperatures as low as 4.2 K. This is achieved by careful management of heat inside the module that keeps the electronic envelop at approximately 85 K. This approach avoids all the difficulties that arise from changes in carrier mobility that occur in semiconductors at deep cryogenic temperatures. There are several advantages in utilizing this system. A significant reduction in electrical noise from signals captured inside the cryostat occurs due to the low temperature that the electronics is immersed in, reducing the thermal noise. The shorter distance that signals are transmitted before digitalization reduces pickup and cross-talk between channels. This improved performance in signal-to-noise rate by itself is a significant advantage. Another important advantage is the simplification of the feedthrough interface on the cryostat head. Data coming out of the cryostat is digital and serial, dramatically reducing the number of lines going through the cryostat feedthrough interface. It is important to notice that all lines coming out of the cryostat are digital and low voltage, reducing the possibility of electric breakdown inside the cryostat. This paper will explain in details the architecture and inner workings of this data acquisition system. It will also provide the performance of the analog to digital converter when the system is immersed in liquid helium, and in liquid nitrogen. Parameters such as power dissipation, integral non-linearity, effective number of bits, signal-to-noise and distortion, will be presented for both temperatures.
Fabrication of Polypyrrole/Ag Composite Nanotubes via In Situ Reduction of AgNO3 on Polypyrrole Nanotubes (2010)

Abstract Nanostructured conducting polymer/metal composites have attracted much attention due to their unique properties. Polypyrrole (PPy) nanotubes were first synthesized via a self-degraded template and then used as supports for in situ reduction of Ag+ ions. Ag nanoparticles could be uniformly assembled onto the PPy nanotube surface to get PPy/Ag composite nanotubes. The formation mechanism, morphology and structure of the nanocomposites were studied by transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The one-dimensional hollow nanocomposites showed improved properties.
Reduction potential predictions of some aromatic nitrogen-containing molecules (2014)

A descriptive relationship for computing reduction potentials of selected aromatic nitrogen-containing molecules is developed from their computed orbital energies.
Urea transport in MDCK cells that are stably transfected with UT-A1 (2004)

Progress in understanding the cell biology of urea transporter proteins has been hampered by the lack of an appropriate cell culture system. The goal of this study was to create a polarized epithelial cell line that stably expresses the largest of the rat renal urea transporter UT-A isoforms, UT-A1. The gene for UT-A1 was cloned into pcDNA5/FRT and transfected into Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells with an integrated Flp recombination target site. The cells from a single clone were grown to confluence on collagen-coated membranes until the resistance was >1,500 Omega.cm(2). Transepithelial [(14)C]urea fluxes were measured at 37 degrees C in a HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) buffer, pH 7.4, with 5 mM urea. The baseline fluxes were not different between unstimulated UT-A1-transfected MDCK cells and nontransfected or sham-transfected MDCK cells. However, only in the UT-A1-transfected cells was UT-A1 protein expressed (as measured by Western blot analysis) and urea transport stimulated by forskolin or arginine vasopressin. Forskolin and arginine vasopressin also increased the phosphorylation of UT-A1. Thionicotinamide, dimethylurea, and phloretin inhibited the forskolin-stimulated [(14)C]urea fluxes in the UT-A1-transfected MDCK cells. These characteristics mimic those seen in rat terminal inner medullary collecting ducts. This new polarized epithelial cell line stably expresses UT-A1 and reproduces several of the physiological responses observed in rat terminal inner medullary collecting ducts.
The illustrated guide to horse tack (1993)

Part 1 Saddles: saddle-making saddles for different equestrian disciplines fitting synthetic saddles, adjustable trees, anatomically designed saddles accessories - stirrup leathers, stirrups, breastplates, girths, surcingles, numnahs, saddle covers, saddle pads, medical numnahs. Part 2 Bridles and bits: bit families (snaffles, curbs, pelhams) theory of bitting nosebands and effects on bit action accessories - curb chains, lip straps, roundings, bit guards, rubber ports bit materials and design tongue ports bitless bridles fit reins. Part 3 Training equipment: cavessons for lungeing and long-reining rollers, lunge reins long reins gadgets martingales side-reins, draw-reins, running reins training (breaking) bits and practice. Part 4 Headcollars and halters: traditional and modern designs headcollars-cum-bridles in-hand showing headcollars/headstalls halters materials and fit leadreins and ropes foal slips and young stock headgear. Part 5 Clothing: rugs, old and new designs and textiles rollers, breastgirths, separate and attached surcingles, modern cross surcingles and harnesses, legstraps neck covers hoods under-rugs and blankets exercise clothing anti-sweat rugs rain sheets American-style coolers therapeutic clothing materials and fit. Part 6 Protective equipment: boots leg and tail bandages and paddings poll guards curative equipment such as neck cradles muzzles, poultice boots, bibs, flute bit, anti-crib straps materials and fit.
Implementation Considerations for IEEE 1588v2 Applications in Telecommunications (2007)

As IEEE 1588 moves from v1 to v2 implementations, particularly in synchronization for telecommunications applications, it is necessary to consider the unique aspects of telecom sync and the impact of these on timing recovery using IEEE 1588. This paper discusses various error considerations that must be applied towards timing recovery in packet-timing implementations, particularly those targeted towards telecom sync. A review of basic rate-recovery concepts is used to identify the various sources of error and their effects. Simulation and experimental results are used to illustrate the impact of different factors on the recovered timing.
RRT<sup>X</sup>: Asymptotically optimal single-query sampling-based motion planning with quick replanning (2015)

Dynamic environments have obstacles that unpredictably appear, disappear, or move. We present the first sampling-based replanning algorithm that is asymptotically optimal and single-query (designed for situation in which a priori offline computation is unavailable). Our algorithm, RRT X , refines and repairs the same search-graph over the entire duration of navigation (in contrast to previous single-query replanning algorithms that prune and then regrow some or all of the search-tree). Whenever obstacles change and/or the robot moves, a graph rewiring cascade quickly remodels the existing search-graph and repairs its shortest-path-to-goal sub-tree to reflect the new information. Both graph and tree are built directly in the robot’s state-space; thus, the resulting plan(s) respect the kinematics of the robot and continue to improve during navigation. RRT X is probabilistically complete and makes no distinction between local and global planning, yet it reacts quickly enough for real-time high-speed navigation through unpredictably changing environments. Low information transfer time is essential for enabling RRT X to react quickly in dynamic environments; we prove that the information transfer time required to inform a graph of size n about an ε-cost decrease is O( n log n) for RRT X —faster than other current asymptotically optimal single-query algorithms (we prove RRT* is [Formula: see text] and RRT # is [Formula: see text]( n log 2 n)). In static environments RRT X has the same amortized runtime as RRT and RRT*, Θ(log n), and is faster than RRT # , [Formula: see text](log 2 n). In order to achieve O(log n) iteration time, each node maintains a set of O(log n) expected neighbors, and the search-graph maintains ε-consistency for a predefined ε. Experiments and simulations confirm our theoretical analysis and demonstrate that RRT X is useful in both static and dynamic environments.
Region-based stereo analysis for robotic applications (1989)

The authors consider the development of a practical binocular stereo approach for extracting depth information. This approach is particularly well suited for robot vision systems designed for inspection and manipulation tasks. The authors emphasize the importance of semantic content and stability of the primitive used in stereo matching and introduce the use of homogeneous regions as features in stereo matching. Considering the lower number of features and the high discrimination power of the primitive, the region-based matcher is more efficient and accurate than those using edge-based primitives. A region-based matching technique can utilize both local and global information and thus yield a more globally consistent solution. However, region-based matching processes typically yield coarse disparity maps. It is noted that it is critical that an efficient and robust stereo system utilize the most appropriate set of primitives at each state of the process. A hierarchical stereo approach that does so is proposed. Several experiments to evaluate the performance of a region-based stereo matcher and a straightforward disparity and depth generation module are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>