gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Repair Capacity for Platinum-DNA Adducts Determines the Severity of Cisplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (2007)

The pronounced neurotoxicity of the potent antitumor drug cisplatin frequently results in the onset of peripheral polyneuropathy (PNP), which is assumed to be initially triggered by platination products in the nuclear DNA of affected tissues. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms, we analyzed in a mouse model the formation and processing of the main cisplatin-induced DNA adduct (guanine-guanine intrastrand cross-link) in distinct neuronal cell types by adduct-specific monoclonal antibodies. Comparison of the adduct kinetics in cisplatin-injected mice either proficient or deficient for nucleotide excision repair (NER) functions revealed the essential role of this DNA repair pathway in protecting differentiated cells of the nervous system from excessive formation of such lesions. Hence, chronic exposure to cisplatin resulted in an accelerated accumulation of unrepaired intrastrand cross-links in neuronal cells of mice with dysfunctional NER. The augmented adduct levels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells of those animals coincided with an earlier onset of PNP-like functional disturbance of their sensory nervous system. Independently from the respective repair phenotype, the amount of persisting DNA cross-links in DRG neurons at a given cumulative dose was significantly correlated to the degree of sensory impairment as measured by electroneurography. Collectively, these findings suggest a new model for the processing of cisplatin adducts in primary neuronal cells and accentuate the crucial role of effectual DNA repair capacity in the target cells for the individual risk of therapy-induced PNP.
Multiple Binding Sites in Collagen Type I for the Integrins α1β1 and α2β1 (2000)

Integrins alpha(1)beta(1) and alpha(2)beta(1) are two major collagen receptors on the surface of eukaryotic cells. Binding to collagen is primarily due to an A-domain near the N terminus of the alpha chains. Previously, we reported that recombinant A-domain of alpha(1)beta(1) (alpha(1)A) had at least two affinity classes of binding sites in type I collagen (Rich, R. L., et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 24906-24913). Here, we compared the binding of the recombinant A-domain of alpha(2)beta(1) (alpha(2)A) to type I collagen with that of alpha(1)A using surface plasmon resonance and showed that alpha(2)A exhibited only one detectable class of binding sites in type I collagen, with a K(D) of approximately 10 microm at approximately 3 binding sites per collagen molecule. We further demonstrated that alpha(1)A and alpha(2)A competed with each other for binding to type I collagen in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), suggesting that the binding sites in collagen for the two A-domains overlap or are adjacent to each other. By using rotary shadowing, the complexes of alpha(1)A- and alpha(2)A-procollagen were visualized. Morphometric analyses indicated three major binding regions (near the N terminus, in the central part, and near the C terminus) along the type I procollagen molecule for both A-domains. The positions of the respective binding regions for alpha(1)A and alpha(2)A were overlapping with or adjacent to each other, consistent with the ELISA results. Analysis of the sequences of type I collagen revealed that GER or GER-like motifs are present at each of the binding regions, and notably, the central region contains the GFOGER sequence, which was previously identified as a high affinity site for both alpha(1)A and alpha(2)A (Knight, C. G., et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 35-40). Peptides containing GLOGERGRO (peptide I, near the N terminus), GFOGERGVQ (peptide II, central), and GASGERGPO (peptide III, near the C terminus) were synthesized. Peptides I and II effectively inhibited the binding of alpha(1)A and alpha(2)A to type I collagen, while peptide III did so moderately. The N-terminal site in type I collagen has the sequence GLOGER in all three chains. Thus, it seems that peptide I represents a newly discovered native high affinity site for alpha(1)A and alpha(2)A.
EML-based IM/DD 400G (4×112.5-Gbit/s) PAM-4 over 80 km SSMF Based on Linear Pre-Equalization and Nonlinear LUT Pre-Distortion for Inter-DCI Applications (2017)

We experimentally demonstrated EML-based IM/DD 4x112.5-Gbit/s PAM-4 transmission over 80km SSMF for inter-DCI applications. Thanks to the transmitter-side DSP based on linear pre-equalization and nonlinear look-up-table pre-distortion, the performances are significantly improved.
Superconductivity of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Nb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Sn (1954)

Intermetallic compounds of niobium and tantalum with tin have been found. The superconducting transition temperature of ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}$Sn at 18\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is the highest one known.
De Novo Design of Peptides Targeted to the EF Hands of Calmodulin (2000)

This report describes the use of the concept of inversion of hydropathy patterns to the de novo design of peptides targeted to a predetermined site on a protein. Eight- and 12-residue peptides were constructed with the EF hands or Ca(2+)-coordinating sites of calmodulin as their anticipated points of interaction. These peptides, but not unrelated peptides nor those with the same amino acid composition but a scrambled sequence, interacted with the two carboxyl-terminal Ca(2+)-binding sites of calmodulin as well as the EF hands of troponin C. The interactions resulted in a conformational change whereby the 8-mer peptide-calmodulin complex could activate phosphodiesterase in the absence of Ca(2+). In contrast, the 12-mer peptide-calmodulin complex did not activate phosphodiesterase but rather inhibited activation by Ca(2+). This inhibition could be overcome by high levels of Ca(2+). Thus, it would appear that the aforementioned concept can be used to make peptide agonists and antagonists that are targeted to predetermined sites on proteins such as calmodulin.
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity and temporal input statistics (2007)

A lot of research has recently focused on possible functional interpretations of the peculiar dependence of synaptic plasticity on the relative timing of pre- and post-synaptic spikes. Here we use a linear Poisson neuron to analytically examine how the temporal statistics of the input signals influence the distribution of the synaptic weights. The analysis shows that the outcome of learning is not determined by the shape of the learning window alone, but rather by the convolution of the learning window with the shape of the excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP), subsequently referred to as the effective learning window. This indicates that very different learning windows may have the same functional role depending on the shape of the EPSP. Moreover, it offers a new interpretation of the commonly observed asymmetry of the learning window of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) as a mechanism for inverting neuronal low-pass filtering as invoked by the EPSP.

For reversible input statistics, the learning rule shows a preference for certain frequency ranges in the input signals. If the symmetric component of the effective learning window has the form of a low-pass filter, STDP focuses on low-frequency components of the input signals, i.e., components that vary slowly relative to intrinsic time scales given by the learning window and the EPSP. This is in line with several learning paradigms that have been proposed as mechanisms for learning invariant sensory representations and for the self-organized formation of visual receptive fields. Moreover, in case the EPSP is short, the effective learning window acts as a band pass filter, leading to the speculation that there could be a connection between cortical rhythms and STDP learning.

Interestingly, it turns out that irreversible input statistics, e.g., causal dependencies between the input signals, tend to destabilize the weight distribution and favor oscillating weights. This observation challenges the interpretation of the asymmetric learning window as a causality detector.
Automated troubleshooting of a mobile communication network using Bayesian networks (2003)

Operators of mobile communication networks face the challenging task of maintaining a complex network with thousands of cells. It requires highly skilled troubleshooting engineers to avoid a situation where subscribers are not properly served. This paper presents a new method for automating the troubleshooting task, thereby freeing a large portion of resources for other purposes. The method is described in detail, and positive results from trials in a commercial network are presented.
pH-Responsive Nanogated Ensemble Based on Gold-Capped Mesoporous Silica through an Acid-Labile Acetal Linker (2010)

A new pH-responsive hybrid nanogated ensemble has been developed by using acetal group linked gold nanoparticle capped mesoporous silica. The hydrolysis of acetal linker at acidic environment makes the gold nanoparticles work as a gatekeeper to control the release of guest molecules from mesoporous silica under different pH's.
Controlling the specific enrichment of multi-phosphorylated peptides on oxide materials: aluminium foil as a target plate for laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (2010)

A specific multi-phosphopeptide enrichment method is presented to complement current phosphopeptide isolation strategies that normally bias mass spectrometry analysis towards the detection of mono-phosphopeptides. An adsorption model is developed that shows how the physical parameters of adsorption such as specific surface area, adsorption time, etc. control the extraction of mono- and multi-phosphorylated peptides on oxide materials such as alumina. Commercial alumina particles, alumina supported on aluminium particles and alumina on aluminium foils were used to enrich multi-phosphopeptides. The synthesized phosphopeptides and tryptic digests of casein and milk were employed as samples to validate the adsorption simulation. Both experimental and theoretical results show how the selective enrichment of multi-phosphopeptides can be achieved when using extractors with a high specific affinity for phosphate groups but with a relatively small loading capacity or specific surface area. We also show that a commercial aluminium foil represents an ideal substrate to enrich multi-phosphorylated peptides for laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry.
Simulation and control of a 20-kHz spacecraft power system (1989)

A detailed computer representation of four Mapham inverters connected in a series-parallel arrangement has been implemented. System performance is illustrated by computer traces for the four Mapham inverters connected to a Litz cable with parallel resistance and DC receiver loads at the receiving end of the transmission cable. Methods of voltage control and load sharing between the inverters are demonstrated. The computer representation is used to design and demonstrate the advantages of a feedforward voltage-control strategy. It is shown that with a computer simulation of this type, the performance and control of spacecraft power systems can be investigated with relative ease and facility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recrystallization of metals during hot deformation (1978)

Abstract Recovery processes tend to counteract the effects of work hardening during plastic deformation at high temperatures and at strain rates ranging from those of slow creep to those of rapid hot working operations. However, in metals in which recovery is relatively slow, sufficient stored energy can be accumulated to cause the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization during deformation once a critical strain is exceeded. This process then occurs repeatedly with continued straining. If any metal that has been deformed at high temperatures by a dislocation mechanism is held at temperature after deformation, static recrystallization tends to occur with time. The effects of dynamic and static recrystallization on microstructure and on the flow stress or creep rate of the metal are considered in this paper and particular attention is given to the range of deformation conditions under which these recrystallization processes are expected to occur. When metals deform plastically by crystal slip at elevated temperatures, the work hardening produced by deformation tends to be counteracted by recovery processes. These recovery processes cause rearrangement and annihilation of dislocations so that, as strain increases, the dislocations tend to form into two dimensional subgrain walls. In some metals and alloys the recovery entirely balances work hardening, and steady state is achieved and can be maintained to large strains before fracture occurs. In other metals in which recovery is less rapid, certain conditions of stress and temperature of deformation can result in the accumulation of sufficiently high local differences in dislocation density to nucleate recrystallization during deformation. This recrystallization is referred to as dynamic recrystallization to distinguish it from the recrystallization that can occur in all metals when deformation is discontinued but the elevated temperature is maintained, or when deformation is carried out at low temperature and the metal is subsequently annealed. In this paper, both types of recrystallization and their effects on deformation behaviour and microstructure will be outlined and the range of deformation conditions under which they are likely to occur will be considered.
Rostral ventrolateral medulla as a site for the central hypertensive action of kinins. (1994)

In the present study, we focused on the rostral ventrolateral medulla as a possible site of action for kinins because of its established importance in the central regulation of the cardiovascular system. Unilateral microinjections of 100 pmol to 4 nmol bradykinin into the rostral ventrolateral medulla produced dose-dependent increases in mean arterial pressure in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The dose-response curves for the hypertensive responses to bradykinin in SD and WKY rats were essentially the same, whereas the hypertensive effect of bradykinin was significantly greater in SHR than in either SD or WKY rats. The kinin B2 receptor antagonists D-Arg0,Hyp3,Thi5,8,D-Phe7-bradykinin and Hoe 140 inhibited the hypertensive responses to bradykinin in both SHR and WKY rats. The hypertensive effect of 500 pmol bradykinin was reduced 65 +/- 5% after 4 nmol of D-Arg0, Hyp3,Thi5,8,D-Phe7-bradykinin in SHR and 50 +/- 16% in WKY rats, whereas 1 nmol Hoe 140 abolished the hypertensive effect of 500 pmol bradykinin injected into the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Microinjection of D-Arg0,Hyp3,Thi5,8,D-Phe7-bradykinin produced prolonged dose-dependent decreases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Blood pressure decreased 70 +/- 8 mm Hg and heart rate decreased 49 +/- 9 beats per minute in SHR, whereas in WKY rats mean arterial pressure decreased 12 +/- 4 mm Hg, with no change in heart rate. In a similar fashion, Hoe 140 caused a 51 +/- 7 and 17 +/- 3 mm Hg reduction in blood pressure in SHR and WKY rats, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
한스 요나스(Hans Jonas)의 맑스주의 비판에 관한 고찰(2) (2014)

요나스는 자신이 주장하는 ‘책임의 원칙’을 부각시키고자 미래를 위협하는 진보사상을 비판한다. 특히 그중에서도 요나스는 맑스주의를 진지하게 고려할 만한 유토피아주의로 지목하고 관심을 집중한다. 그것은 맑스주의와 대결하는 구도에서 자신의 논의를 전개할 때 ‘책임의 원칙’이 더욱 돋보일 수 있다는 판단 때문이다. 본 연구의 목적은 요나스의 맑스주의에 대한 비판이 어떤 오류를 범하고 있는지를 분석적으로 검토함으로써 그 비판의 타당성 여부를 밝혀내는 데 있다. 본 연구가 요나스의 비판 가운데 검토 대상으로 삼고 있는 것은 세 가지이다. 첫째는 요나스가 소련산 이데올로기에 대해 냉정히 따져보는 노력도 없이 소련의 대외 선전용 이데올로기에 깊이 오염됨으로써 맑스 사상을 곡해하고 있다는 점이다. 둘째는 요나스가 보기에 모든 역사는 ‘아직-아닌 것’이 아니라 그 자체의 고유한 실존적 가치가 있음에도 맑스는 모든 역사를 최종 목적을 위한 과도기요, ‘아직-아닌 것’으로 규정짓고 있다고 맹비판하고 있는 점이다. 셋째는 용어상의 문제로 분명히 맑스는 사회주의와 공산주의를 구분지어 활용했음에도 요나스는 맑스주의, 사회주의, 공산주의, 이 세 용어를 편의에 따라 혼용하고 있다는 점이다.
Anticancer drug sensitivity and expression of multidrug resistance markers in early passage human sarcomas. (1999)

We have established new human sarcoma lines and examined their sensitivity to common antitumor drugs and expression of putative multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins. Eighty-two sarcoma samples were transplanted in nude mice. Fourteen of these sarcomas were established as tumor cell lines. We determined a chemosensitivity profile to antitumor drugs (MDR drugs = doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, and vincristine; non-MDR drugs = cisplatin, ifosfamide, and bleomycin) for each tumor line in vivo. Response to chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide was observed in 30-50% of these tumor lines. Our results obtained with xenotransplants are similar to the results documented in clinical trials in which doxorubicin and ifosfamide are effective in 30-50% of the patients. Furthermore, we examined expression of MDR-relevant markers like P-glycoprotein, MDR-associated protein, lung resistance protein, and mdr1 mRNA in these xenotransplants. A relationship between mdr1 mRNA expression and response to doxorubicin was demonstrated in >90% of our tumor lines. In six sarcomas with mdr1 mRNA expression, five were resistant against doxorubicin and cross-resistant against several other drugs, whereas from eight sarcomas, which lacked detectable mdr1 mRNA, seven were sensitive to doxorubicin and other drugs. We found lung resistance protein or MDR-associated protein expressed in three resistant and mdr1 mRNA-positive sarcomas. These results demonstrate that mdr1 mRNA expression is a putative marker for drug resistance in our sarcoma lines. We conclude, therefore, that inherent P-glycoprotein expression might be also responsible for drug resistance occurring in treatment of patients with sarcomas. The established tumor lines are useful for additional investigations on mechanisms of drug resistance in sarcomas and as models for preclinical screening of new antitumor drugs.
Development of Formulations of<i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>for Control of Chickpea Wilt (1995)

Pseudomonas fluorescens strains were obtained from the rhizosphere of different crops and strains that showed inhibitory action against the chickpea (Cicer arietinum) wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris were selected for further studies. The efficacy of various carriers in sustaining the population of these strains in storage was assessed. In talc-based and peat-based formulations the bacteria survived even up to 240 days of storage although the population declined from 30 days. When chickpea seeds were treated with talc-based formulations, P. fluorescens survived on the seeds for at least 180 days. When the treated seeds were sown in soil, the antagonist moved to the rhizosphere and survived well in it. Biopriming of seeds increased rhizosphere population. Seed treatment with the antagonist formulation effectively controlled chickpea wilt disease in the two field trials and increased the yield. When seed treatment was followed by root zone application the efficacy of P. fluorescens formulations increased. Pseudomonas fluorescens did not inhibit the beneficial N-fixing bacteria Rhizobium and Azospirillum in vitro and seed treatment fungicides (thiram and carbendazim) were not inhibitory to P. fluorescens in vitro.
Cross-border transactions in Vietnam and the Vietnam-US Bilateral Trade Agreement (2003)

After decades as a closed, command economy, Vietnam has committed itself to market reform. On its way to full integration with the global market, Vietnam has signed a bilateral trade agreement with the United States of America. Under this agreement, Vietnam agrees to open its domestic markets for trade with, and investment from, the United States and other countries which have a Most Favoured Nation relationship with Vietnam. Although Vietnam is accelerating the process of liberalisation, it does not yet have in place the legal principles necessary to support a market economy. Some areas of commercial law in Vietnam still operate according to doctrines and principles native to the command economy. Moreover, many commercial rights, which are well established in traditional market economies, are alien to, or only partially recognised under, Vietnamese law. Nonetheless, after the implementation of the Vietnam-US Bilateral Trade Agreement (hereafter the Vietnam-US Trade Agreement or the Agreement), the volume of cross-border transactions involving Vietnam is expected to increase exponentially. Thus, there is even greater potential for conflict over the recognition of commercial rights in the Vietnamese legal system.
Constitutive β<sub>2</sub>‐adrenergic signalling enhances sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca<sup>2+</sup> cycling to augment contraction in mouse heart (1999)

1. Transgenic overexpression of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) in mouse heart augments baseline cardiac function in a ligand-independent manner, due to the presence of spontaneously active beta2AR (beta2AR*). This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of beta2AR*-mediated modulation of cardiac excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. 2. Confocal imaging was used to analyse Ca2+ sparks and spatially resolve Ca2+ transients in single ventricular myocytes from transgenic (TG4) and non-transgenic (NTG) littermates. Whole-cell voltage- and current-clamp techniques were used to record L-type Ca2+ currents (ICa) and action potentials, respectively. 3. In the absence of any beta2AR ligand, TG4 myocytes had greater contraction amplitudes, larger Ca2+ transients and faster relaxation times than did NTG cells. 4. The action potentials of TG4 and NTG myocytes were similar, except for a prolonged end-stage repolarization in TG4 cells; the ICa density and kinetics were nearly identical. The relationship between peak Ca2+ and contraction, which reflects myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, was similar. 5. In TG4 cells, the frequency of Ca2+ sparks (spontaneous or evoked at -40 mV) was 2-7 times greater, despite the absence of change in the resting Ca2+, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content, and ICa. Individual sparks were brighter, broader and lasted longer, leading to a 2.3-fold greater signal mass. Thus, changes in both spark frequency and size underlie the greater Ca2+ transient in TG4 cells. 6. The inverse agonist ICI 118,551 (ICI, 5 x 10-7 M), which blocks spontaneous beta2AR activation, reversed the aforementioned beta2AR* effects on cardiac EC coupling without affecting the sarcolemmal ICa. However, ICI failed to detect significant constitutive beta2AR activity in NTG cells. 7. We conclude that beta2AR*-mediated signalling enhances SR release channel activity and Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release in TG4 cardiac myocytes, and that beta2AR* enhances EC coupling by reinforcing SR Ca2+ cycling (release and reuptake), but bypassing the sarcolemmal ICa.