gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oligomer-Specific Conformations of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) gp41 Envelope Glycoprotein Ectodomain Recognized by Human Monoclonal Antibodies (2009)

Trimerization of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins is mediated by the ectodomain of the gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein. Here we investigate oligomer-specific conformations of gp41 by using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from HIV-1-infected humans. Human MAbs directed against the cluster I region of gp41 recognized trimeric, dimeric, and monomeric forms of soluble envelope glycoproteins; thus, the integrity of the cluster I epitopes is minimally affected by the oligomeric state. In contrast, human MAbs to the cluster II region were all oligomers specific. One cluster II MAb, 126-6, recognized exclusively the trimeric form of envelope glycoproteins, whereas the others recognized both trimeric and dimeric forms. Thus, a distinct trimer-specific conformation exists in the cluster II region of gp41. Analysis of soluble envelope glycoprotein mutants revealed that gp41 sequences immediately N-terminal to isoleucine 646 contribute to the formation of both the trimer and the trimer-specific conformational epitope.
Rapid changes in NADH and flavin autofluorescence in rat cardiac trabeculae reveal large mitochondrial complex II reserve capacity (2015)

The functional properties of cardiac mitochondria in intact preparations have been mainly studied by measurements of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) autofluorescence, which reflects mitochondrial complex I function. To assess complex II function, we extended this method by measuring flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-related autofluorescence in electrically stimulated cardiac trabeculae isolated from the right ventricle from the rat at 27°C. NADH and FAD autofluorescence and tension responses were measured when stimulation frequency was increased from 0.5 Hz to 1, 2 or 3 Hz for 3 min, and thereafter decreased to 0.5 Hz. Maximal complex I and complex II activity in vitro were determined in saponin-permeabilized right ventricular tissue by respirometry. NADH responses upon an increase in stimulation frequency showed a rapid decline, followed by a slow recovery towards the initial level. FAD responses followed a similar time course, but in the opposite direction. The amplitudes of early rapid changes in the NADH and FAD concentration correlated well with the change in tension time integral per second (R(2) = 0.833 and 0.660 for NADH and FAD, respectively), but with different slopes for the up and down transient. Maximal velocity of the increase in FAD concentration (16 ± 4 μm s(-1) ), measured upon an increase in stimulation frequency from 0.5 to 3 Hz was considerably smaller than that of the decrease in NADH (78 ± 13 μm s(-1) ). The respiration measurements indicated that the maximal velocity of NADH utilization (143 ± 14 μm s(-1) ) was 2 times smaller than that of FADH2 (291 ± 19 μm s(-1) ). This indicates that in cardiac mitochondria considerable complex II activity reserve is present.
Optic disc changes following trabeculectomy: longitudinal and localisation of change (2001)

Reversal of disc cupping is present at 2 years after trabeculectomy. The factor most influencing change is reduction of intraocular pressure. Segmental analysis showed that change in rim volume was greatest in the nasal, inferonasal, superonasal and superotemporal regions at 2 years.
Robust sketched symbol fragmentation using templates (2004)

Analysis of sketched digital ink is often aided by the division of stroke points into perceptually-salient fragments based on geometric features. Fragmentation has many applications in intelligent interfaces for digital ink capture and manipulation, as well as higher-level symbolic and structural analyses. It is our intuitive belief that the most robust fragmentations closely match a user's natural perception of the ink, thus leading to more effective recognition and useful user feedback. We present two optimal fragmentation algorithms that fragment common geometries into a basis set of line segments and elliptical arcs. The first algorithm uses an explicit template in which the order and types of bases are specified. The other only requires the number of fragments of each basis type. For the set of symbols under test, both algorithms achieved 100% fragmentation accuracy rate for symbols with line bases, ›99% accuracy for symbols with elliptical bases, and ›90% accuracy for symbols with mixed line and elliptical bases.
Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument description and experiment overview (1998)

The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument is scheduled for launch aboard the first of the Earth Observing System (EOS) spacecraft, EOS-AM1. MISR will provide global, radiometrically calibrated, georectified, and spatially coregistered imagery at nine discrete viewing angles and four visible/near-infrared spectral bands. Algorithms specifically developed to capitalize on this measurement strategy will be used to retrieve geophysical products for studies of clouds, aerosols, and surface radiation. This paper provides an overview of the as-built instrument characteristics and the application of MISR to remote sensing of the Earth.
Data Compression Algorithms (1979)

Abstract : The principal accomplishment of the year was the completion of an experimental and theoretical study of an algorithm for the design of block (or vector) quantizers that are locally optimum in the sense of minimizing average distortion as measured by quite general distortion measures. The algorithm is based either on a probabilistic model of the source to be compressed or on a long sequence of training data produced by the source. Keywords: Data compression; Data processing.
A gel electrophoretic study of the protein and nucleic acid components of African horsesickness virus. (1976)

The physico-chemical structure of African horsesickness virus (AHSV) is compared with that of some of the other members of the Reoviridae, and in particular with that of bluetongue virus (BTV), the type strain of the orbivirus genus. This study adduces evidence of a great similarity between the gel electrophoretic patterns of the polypeptides of AHSV and BTV. The molecular mass values of the 7 AHSV polypeptides range between 0,30 x 10(5) and 1,46 x 10(5) dalton, a variation similar to that of BTV. The close relation between AHSV and BTV is further affirmed by the gel electrophoretic resolution of the AHSV double-stranded RNA genome into 10 segments.
Temperature Aging Characteristics of Class A Insulation (1939)

This paper reviews the literature relating to the effect of temperature on the life of class A insulation. It presents test data on aging of built-up samples 100 mils thick, of varnished cloth, both black and yellow, over the temperature range 105 to 200 degrees centigrade. The effect of temperature on the insulation was measured by three different methods-physical condition by visual observation, bending of the insulation to produce cracking, and the lowering of the breakdown voltage of samples which had been immersed in water. The final results are given in the form of temperature-time curves for several degrees of deterioration as measured by each of the tests.
Sociology as a Feeder Discipline in Teacher Education (1974)

(1974). Sociology as a Feeder Discipline in Teacher Education. South Pacific Journal of Teacher Education: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 17-24.
A simple visual assessment technique to discriminate between menorrhagia and normal menstrual blood loss (1995)

We validated and refined a new, simple, visual assessment technique and demonstrated that it is superior to a woman's subjective assessment of menstrual blood loss and the occurrence of anemia for predicting menorrhagia, even if it is performed only once. We also demonstrated that the volume that clots contribute to menstruation is not as large as many clinicians believe. With this technique, the quality of therapy can be enhanced by making it more adequate and rational.
Preliminary results from a novel CVD diamond detector system for molecular imaging applications (2002)

A novel biomolecular imaging system incorporating a Chemical Vapour Deposition diamond detector is in development. The synthetic diamond is used as a UV detector. To image nucleic acids in electrophoresis gels. The microstrip diamond detector currently has a spatial resolution of 30 /spl mu/m. Preliminary results are presented which include: QE measurements of diamond detectors, detector time response, detector UV response and current detection limits of biomolecules in gel. The potential applications of the technology, and its significant advantages in speed and sensitivity over the current systems are discussed.
Characterization of a rat alveolar macrophage cell line that expresses a functional mannose receptor (1998)

The mannose receptor is a single polypeptide transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of macrophages that binds and internalizes soluble and particulate ligands. Physiological ligands for this receptor are pathogens, such as mycobacteria, and extracellular acid hydrolases and peroxidases. Expression of the mannose receptor is tightly linked to the functional state of the macrophage: the receptor appears during differentiation, is increased by macrophage deactivating agents, and is reduced in the presence of macrophage activating agents. Studies of the mechanisms underlying these regulatory processes have been hampered by the lack of a stable cell line that expresses a functional and appropriately regulated mannose receptor. In this study we describe expression and modulation of the mannose receptor by the rat alveolar cell line NR8383. Similar amounts of the mannose receptor ligand horseradish peroxidase were internalized by both NR8383 cells and alveolar macrophages. In addition, NR8383 cells expressed immunoreactive mannose receptor protein and mannose receptor mRNA as detected by Northern analysis. Regulation studies showed that mannose receptor expression was regulated at the levels of activity, protein, and mRNA in NR8383 cells similarly to regulation in primary rat macrophages. In addition, NR8383 cells could be successfully transfected with a luciferase reporter gene, providing the transfectable, mannose receptor-positive macrophage cell line. These results support the hypothesis that NR8383 cells potentially represent the best current macrophage cell line for studying various aspects of macrophage function, and are particularly critical in studies of regulation of the mannose receptor, a key receptor in host defense and immune regulation.
Application of infrared thermography to adhesion science (2006)

Abstract Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-contact, non-intrusive technique which converts the invisible thermal energy, radiated from the surface of an object in the infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum, into a video signal, each energy level being generally represented by a color or a gray level. IRT has been considered an exciting scientific breakthrough since its introduction in the early 1960s. Indeed, the new generation of fully-computerized infrared imaging systems can provide both qualitative and quantitative measurements which are useful in many industrial and research fields. Nevertheless, infrared thermography is still not completely exploited. The reason for this lies, in part, in the lack of knowledge, since at first sight IRT seems to be too expensive and difficult to use and, in part, in the industrial inertia to change the routine procedures. The aim of this review article is to provide the reader with a background to infrared theory and with an overview of the most relevant applications of IRT to the adhesion field. The use of IRT as a non-destructive evaluation technique with the two different approaches of pulse thermography (PT) and lock-in thermography (LT) is discussed. Many applications are described which involve several different materials (metals, plastics, plaster, composites, hybrid composites and sandwiches) and different types of bonds (coatings, sandwiches and joints). The results show that both PT and LT are able to detect material modifications caused by surface treatments, presence of inhomogeneities in bulk materials, as well as disbonding, delamination, and cracks and slag inclusions in bonded structures. The LT is also capable of evaluating materials characteristics (e.g., variations in density, porosity, hardness, etc., which induce variations in the phase angle), the dimension of the heat affected zone in welded joints, coating thickness, bondline thickness, the effects of adhesive thickness, the effects induced in bonded structures by substrate surface treatments, and the effects of crosslinking in polymers. The LT technique is particularly advantageous in the evaluation of frescoes, mosaics and antique artworks. The reported applications provide also information which is useful for decision making about the use of IRT alone, or combined with other techniques. Keywords: INFRARED THERMOGRAPHYTEMPERATURE MAPSNON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATIONPULSE THERMOGRAPHYLOCK-IN THERMOGRAPHYMATERIAL TREATMENTSBONDED STRUCTURES
CRC Handbook of Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Excipients (2018)

CRC Handbook of Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Excipients provides a comprehensive summary of toxicological issues regarding inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical products, cosmetic products, and food additives. Background information on regulations and labeling requirements for each type of product is provided, and 77 articles critically review human and animal data pertinent to a variety of agents and makes judgments regarding the clinical relevance. The book also identifies at-risk populations, such as neonates, patients with renal failure, and atopic patients. Inactive common pharmaceutical agents and/or foods containing certain ingredients are listed to help physicians counsel hypersensitive patients who must avoid products containing these excipients.
Identification of transcriptional regulatory networks specific to pilocytic astrocytoma (2011)

These results suggest specific transcriptional pathways that may operate to create the unique molecular phenotype of PA and thus opportunities for corresponding targeted therapeutic intervention. Moreover, this study also demonstrates how integration of gene expression data with TF-gene and TF-TF interaction data is a powerful approach to generating testable hypotheses to better understand cell-type specific genetic programs relevant to cancer.
Insecticide impregnated ropes as mosquito repellent. (1989)

Ropes were impregnated with different dosages of deltamethrin and burnt throughout the night in human dwellings and cattlesheds. Smoke from smouldering ropes treated with various dose levels gradually saturated rooms and prevented the entry of mosquitoes. This method provided very good protection from mosquito bites including the principal vector of malaria, A. culicifacies. Results of ropes impregnated with 80 ppm deltamethrin were more consistent than at the lower dosage. The technique is indigenous, cost-effective, simple and appropriate for rural areas and does not require any special skills in its application.
Sarcasm as Contrast between a Positive Sentiment and Negative Situation (2013)

A common form of sarcasm on Twitter consists of a positive sentiment contrasted with a negative situation. For example, many sarcastic tweets include a positive sentiment, such as “love” or “enjoy”, followed by an expression that describes an undesirable activity or state (e.g., “taking exams” or “being ignored”). We have developed a sarcasm recognizer to identify this type of sarcasm in tweets. We present a novel bootstrapping algorithm that automatically learns lists of positive sentiment phrases and negative situation phrases from sarcastic tweets. We show that identifying contrasting contexts using the phrases learned through bootstrapping yields improved recall for sarcasm recognition.
Function Follows Form: The Structure of the N-Terminal Domain of HCV NS5A * (2005)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a human pathogen affecting nearly 3% of the world's population. Chronic infections can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. The RNA replication machine of HCV is a multi-subunit membrane-associated complex. The nonstructural protein NS5A is an active component of HCV replicase, as well as a pivotal regulator of replication and a modulator of cellular processes ranging from innate immunity to dysregulated cell growth. NS5A is a large phosphoprotein (56-58 kd) with an amphipathic -helix at its amino terminus that promotes membrane association. After this helix region, NS5A is organized into 3 domains. The N-terminal domain (domain I) coordinates a single zinc atom per protein molecule. Mutations disrupting either the membrane anchor or zinc binding of NS5A are lethal for RNA replication. However, probing the role of NS5A in replication has been hampered by a lack of structural information about this multifunctional protein. Here we report the structure of NS5A domain I at 2.5-A resolution, which contains a novel fold, a new zinc-coordination motif, and a disulfide bond. We use molecular surface analysis to suggest the location of protein-, RNA-, and membrane-interaction sites.
Magnetic field driven metal-insulator phase transition in planar systems (2002)

A theory of the magnetic field driven (semi)metal-insulator phase transition is developed for planar systems with a low density of carriers and a linear (i.e., relativisticlike) dispersion relation for low-energy quasiparticles. The general structure of the phase diagram of the theory with respect to the coupling constant, the chemical potential, and the temperature is derived in two cases, with and without an external magnetic field. The conductivity and resistivity as functions of temperature and magnetic field are studied in detail. An exact relation for the value of the ``offset'' magnetic field ${B}_{c},$ determining the threshold for the realization of the phase transition at zero temperature, is established. The theory is applied to the description of a recently observed phase transition induced by a magnetic field in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.
A New Method for the Preparation of Nitrogen-containing Cyclic Compounds from <i>p</i>-Nitrobenzenesulfonamide and Alkyl Bis(diphenylphosphinite)s by Oxidation–Reduction Condensation Using 1-Azidoadamantane (2005)

Abstract A new and efficient method was established for the preparation of nitrogen-containing cyclic compounds from p-nitrobenzenesulfonamide, bisphosphinites, and 1-azidoadamantane in good yields under neutral conditions.
A uniaxial tensile stress apparatus for temperature-dependent magnetotransport and optical studies of thin films (2002)

A mechanical apparatus for the application of variable uniaxial tensile stress to thin films grown on bulk material has been designed for use in measuring the electrical and/or optical properties of a thin layer over a temperature range 4.2 K&lt;T&lt;300 K, and in magnetic fields up to 7 T. The induced strain is measured with a resolution of 0.0015% by monitoring the position of a laser beam reflected off the surface of the strained sample. The use of the apparatus is demonstrated on n-type InSb layers grown on GaAs where the uniaxial tensile stress is applied in the [001] direction. At 300 K and strains of up to 0.05%, an increase in the conductivity of approximately 3.5% is observed, most of which (∼2.5%) is the result of an increase in the carrier concentration. The remaining 1% is due to an increase in the carrier mobility. Using band-structure k⋅p theory and the deformation potential parameters obtained from optical spectroscopy measurements under uniaxial compression, these observations are shown to be well described by a reduction in both the fundamental band gap and the carrier effective mass with increasing tensile strain.
Contextual awareness, messaging and communication in nomadic audio environments (1998)

Nomadic Radio provides an audio-only wearable interface to unify remote information services such as email, voice mail, hourly news broadcasts, and personal calendar events. These messages are automatically downloaded to a wearable device throughout the day and users can browse them using speech recognition and tactile input. To provide an unobtrusive interface for nomadic users, the audio/text information is presented using a combination of ambient and auditory cues, synthetic speech and spatialized audio. A notification model developed in Nomadic Radio dynamically selects the relevant presentation level for incoming messages based on message priority, user activity and the level of conversation in the environment. Temporal actions of the user such as activating or ignoring messages while listening, reinforce or decay the presentation level over time and change the underlying notification model. Scaleable notification allows incoming messages to be dynamically presented as subtle ambient sounds, distinct VoiceCues, spoken summaries or spatialized audio streams foregrounded for the listener. This thesis addresses techniques for peripheral awareness, spatial listening and contextual notification to manage the user&apos;s focus of attention on a wearable audio computing platform.
Passive enhancement of resonator Q in microwave notch filters (2004)

The lumped-element bridged-T notch filter concept is extended to reciprocal distributed-element microwave filters. A prototype microstrip bridged-T notch filter employing single-mode resonators is described that enhances the effective resonator Q/sub u/ by a factor of 325, while a different microstrip filter topology with a triple-mode resonator is described that enhances the effective resonator Q/sub u/ by a factor of 89. The new notch filters can be either partly reflective or fully absorptive within the stopband. Additional enhanced-Q/sub u/ notch filter topologies, such as a hybrid-coupler notch filter, that include at least two resonances and at least two signal paths are suggested.
Cropping and tillage options to achieve erosion control goals and maximum profit on irregular slopes (1990)

ABSTRACT: The conservation compliance provision of the 1985 Food Security Act is intended to reduce soil erosion to an acceptable level on highly erodible land and in such a manner that farmers participating in the program do not incur undue economic hardship. Our research addresses these goals by determining cropping and tillage options required to achieve maximum profit for several specific soil erosion control goals and by identifying the extent to which production inputs can be changed to minimize the loss of potential profit consistent with soil erosion control. A case study on a landscape from eastern Nebraska is used to convey the analytical approach used in the analysis. Irregular slope segments consisting of six landscape positions were considered when estimating soil loss using the universal soil loss equation. Upper and lower linear positions had the greatest erosion rates and the lowest gross margins of profit. Maximum gross margin was achieved in the field by planting continuous sorghum on the upper and lower interfluve positions and a sorghum-soybean rotation on the shoulder, upper and lower linear, and foot slope positions. Erosion control was increased by changing from conventional tillage to reduced and no-till systems and by farming on the contour. Erosion was reduced further by substituting continuous sorghum and/or alfalfa for the sorghum-soybean rotation. Tradeoffs between profit and erosion control for combinations of tillage and cropping options were quantified. When erosion control objectives reduced potential profit below a desirable level, alternatives for reducing input costs were provided so that profit could be sustained. It is expected that this type of synthesis would lead to an integrated farming approach that includes goals for erosion control that are compatible with economic survival.