gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High incidence of a concentration-dependent skin reaction in children treated with phenytoin. (1978)

A particularly high incidence of rash was seen in children with epilepsy treated with phenytoin. Ten children with untreated epilepsy were therefore included in a prospective study and given either 3 (group 1) or 6 (group 2) mg of phenytoin/kg body weight/day for five days followed by 6 mg/kg body weight/day for both groups. Four of the five children in group 2 compared with only one of the five in group 1 developed a rash seven to 12 days after the start of treatment. Patients with rashes had significantly higher plasma phenytoin concentrations. Whenever the phenytoin concentration was higher than 14 micromol/l on day 5 a rash occurred. These findings indicate that the generalised skin reaction is caused by a high body burden of phenytoin, which results from either a high load of the drug or a low clearance rate.
Heterocyclische 12‐π‐ und 14‐π‐Systeme, 34. Untersuchungen zum Reaktionsverhalten von 2‐Phenyl‐<i>5H</i>‐naphtho[1,8‐bc]furan‐5‐on (Oxapseudophenalenon) (1979)

Abstract Die Reaktionen von 2‐Phenyl‐ 5H ‐naphtho[1,8‐bc]furan‐5‐on ( 1 ) mit Perchlorsäure in Alkoholen führen zu den (4‐Alkoxy‐8‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthyl)(phenyl)ketonen 3a‐3c , die auch aus (4,8‐Dihydroxy‐1‐naphthyl)(phenyl)keton ( 2 ) in sauren alkoholischen Lösungen zugänglich sind. Mit Diphenylketen, Naphthylphenylketen, tert ‐Butylcyanketen, Cyanmethylketen, Cyanphenylketen werden die 2‐Phenyl‐oxapseudophenafulvene 4‐8 erhalten, mit dem durch Thermolyse von 2,5‐Diazido‐3,6‐dioxo‐1,4‐cyclohexadien‐1,4‐dicarbonitril ( 9 ) in situ erzeugten Dicyanketen ( 10 ) wird unter Eliminierung von CO 2 das auf anderen Wegen nicht zugängliche (2‐Phenyl‐oxapseudophenafulven‐5‐yliden)malonodinitril 11 synthetisiert.
Stimulation of human T lymphocytes by Leishmania lipophosphoglycan-associated proteins (1992)

Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is a glycoconjugate present on the surface of Leishmania promastigotes that has been reported to promote intracellular survival of these parasites, to protect mice against leishmaniasis, and to elicit T cell responses in infected mice and humans. We investigated whether LPG and its components could elicit proliferative responses and cytokine secretion from leishmaniasis patient PBMC. LPG prepared by standard methods (LPG-1) stimulated patients T cells to proliferate and secrete IFN-gamma. LPG was fractionated into several components. An LPG-1-specific T cell line was shown to respond to the core region but not to the repeating saccharide units. LPG-1 was fractionated to yield an LPG-free- associated protein complex and an LPG-2 fraction that was more than 95% depleted of associated protein. The ability of LPG-2 to stimulate T cells was significantly decreased over that of LPG-1. In contrast, LPG-AP stimulated T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production. Therefore, proteins associated with LPG were effective in eliciting patient T cell responses, whereas the glycolipid enriched moiety was weakly effective or ineffective at stimulating these responses.
A novel approach to minimize error in the medical domain: Cognitive neuroscientific insights into training (2010)

Medical errors are an inevitable outcome of the human cognitive system working within the environment and demands of practicing medicine. Training can play a pivotal role in minimizing error, but the prevailing training is not as effective because it directly focuses on error reduction. Based on an understanding of cognitive architecture and how the brain processes information, a new approach is suggested: focusing training on error recovery. This entails specific training in error detection and error mitigation. Such training will not only enable better responses when errors occur, but it is also a more effective way to achieve error reduction. The suggested design for error recovery training is to begin with detecting errors in others. Starting off with highly visible and even exaggerated errors, and advancing to more challenging detections and finally requiring to detect errors within oneself rather than in others. The error mitigation training starts with providing the learners with the correct remedial actions (after they have detected the error). With training, the learners are required to select the appropriate actions within multiple choice alternatives, and eventually are required to generate the appropriate remedial responses themselves. These can be used for instruction as well as for assessment purposes. Time pressure, distractions, competitions and other elements are included so as to make the training more challenging and interactive.
Why does PHAT work well in lownoise, reverberative environments? (2008)

Among many existing time difference of arrival (TDOA) based sound source localization (SSL) algorithms, the Phase Transform (PHAT) is extremely popular for its excellent performance in low noise environments, even under relatively heavy reverberation. However, PHAT was developed as a heuristic approach and its working principle has not been completely understood. In this paper, we present the relationship between PHAT and a maximum likelihood (ML) framework for multi-microphone sound source localization. We show that when the environment noise approaches zero, PHAT is indeed a special case of the ML algorithm, which explains its good performance under low noise environments. In addition, we show that as long as the noise stays low, PHAT remains optimal in ML sense even when the room reverberation is heavy, which explains its robustness over reverberation.
Recent improvements and developments in uncooled systems at BAE SYSTEMS North America (2002)

BAE SYSTEMS has designed and developed MicroIR microbolometer focal plane arrays (FPAs) in three formats (160x120, 320x240, and 640x480) and with two different pixel sizes (46micrometers and 28micrometers ). In addition to successfully demonstrating these FPA technologies, BAE SYSTEMS has produced and delivered thousands of 320x240 (46micrometers pixel) imaging modules and camera cores for military, thermography, firefighting, security and numerous other applications throughout the world. Recently, BAE SYSTEMS has started production deliveries of 160x120 (46micrometers ) systems, demonstrated 320x240 and 640x480 second-generation (28micrometers ) imaging, and demonstrated second-generation thermoelectric cooler-less operation. This paper discusses these recent accomplishments and, when possible, provides quantitative NETD and performance data for our newly developed FPAs and systems. Video will be shown to demonstrate sensor performance capabilities.
A Fundamental Study on the Steel Slag Aggregate for Concrete (2002)

ABSTRACT Compared with the blast furnace slag, steel slag has the expansibility due to the reaction with water and free CaO. Therefore it is specified in Standard Specification for Concrete in Korea that steel slag aggregate must not be used in concrete. So it is unusual to use steel slag aggregate in concrete. In this study steel slag aggregate processed by several aging process was comparatively satisfied with fundamental properties as concrete aggregate, which are specific gravity, absorption, unit weight, percentage of solids and abrasion value etc. Chemical analysis is also observed to understand the effect of aging process in steel slag aggregate. When the strength is measured, it is found that the concrete replacing crushed stone with unstable steel slag aggregate had a little problem.
An adaptive network architecture for home- and building environments (2008)

Fieldbus networks have significantly improved flexibility and management in classic building automation domains. However, the costs of such installations are still greatly affected by the commissioning efforts needed to bring them up and running. The dedicated cabling, initial engineering efforts and sophisticated binding and configuration tools often prevent home owners from investing in such networks. On the other side, many electronic devices from other domains have found their way into home- and building environments. And with IT equipment TCP/IP connectivity and ldquozero configrdquo protocols were introduced. There is the vision of an intelligent home/building with one integrated network in which all devices work together seamlessly. It may positively influence factors such as energy efficiency, usability, flexibility, security and comfort. This paper proposes an Internet protocol based architecture thought to build up such a network. The result is a distributed, scalable hard- and software infrastructure that adapts to the context of use and comes up with goal-centric services provided by the numerous underlying devices. It allows standard mobile clients to act as remote controls with dynamic user interfaces generated on the fly. This text explores the different building blocks that make up the architecture and presents results derived from a first prototype.
Voluntary Surveillance Program for Equine Influenza Virus in the United States from 2010 to 2013 (2015)

This study provides valuable and contemporary information on the frequency of EIV detected by qPCR in the United States. The results also underscore that older and previously vaccinated horses were susceptible to EIV.
Chemoresistance in breast tumors. (1991)

Resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents is a common clinical problem in the treatment of cancer: such resistance may occur in primary therapy or be acquired during treatment. The most commonly used antineoplastic agents in the treatment of disseminated breast cancer are adriamycin, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide. Cell lines selected for resistance to adriamycin often develop cross-resistance to structurally dissimilar antineoplastic drugs with different mechanisms of cytotoxic action; this phenomenon has been called pleiotropic or multidrug resistance (MDR). In vitro models of MDR have shown that this type of resistance is accompanied by a decrease in cellular drug accumulation, mediated by the over-expression of a 170 kD plasma membrane glycoprotein referred to as P170. Glycoprotein P170 is an energy-dependent multidrug efflux pump, whose activity can be inhibited in vitro by a variety of agents including verapamil, quinidine and reserpine. P170 is over-expressed also in some human malignancies, and evidence exists about its role in examples of clinical resistance in vitro. Clinical trials using verapamil, a calcium channel blocker which selectively enhances drug cytotoxicity in MDR cell lines, have been prompted for leukemia and ovarian cancer. In addition other approaches are the subject of current preclinical investigations. Several observations as well the phenomenon of "atypical" MDR in cell lines which do not overexpress P170, suggest that also other factors are involved in multidrug resistance. Qualitative or quantitative changes in the activity of topoisomerases, protein kinase-related systems and glutathione S-transferase, may confer pleiotropic resistance. As the role of these genes and their regulation is clarified, they may also serve as useful targets for pharmacologic intervention in the treatment of drug-resistant human tumors. The mechanisms involved in resistance to methotrexate and cyclophosphamide are less studied, particularly in vivo samples. Methotrexate resistance is probably a complex multifactorial phenomenon; in some cases it is due to an increase in the expression of the drug target dihydrofolate reductase, often as a result of gene amplification, but in other cases a transport defect of the methotrexate or alterations of the activity of different enzymes have been reported. Cyclophosphamide (CP) resistance has been attributed to an increased activity of two different enzymes, glutathione S-transferase, also involved in MDR phenotype, and aldehyde dehydrogenase, which catalyzes inactivation of CP in non cytotoxic metabolites. This paper reviews the current state of our knowledge of chemo-resistance and the utility of available markers to identify potentially resistant tumors in vivo; the strategies that might be used to overcome this phenomenon are also described.
Distribution of oxytocin- and vasopressin-binding sites in the rat extended amygdala: a histoautoradiographic study (1997)

Radioligand receptor autoradiography has shown that oxytocin- and vasopressin-binding sites exist in numerous rat brain regions, among which the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) are especially prominent. However, these descriptions did not take into account the numerous subdivisions of the amygdala and the BST. Thus, we have reinvestigated the distribution of these sites in the rat extended amygdala, which is formed by a continuum of structures stretching from the BST to the centromedial amygdala, including parts of the accumbens nucleus, substantia innominata, and transition areas between the amygdala and the striatum. For this purpose, histoautoradiography was used to detect binding sites at the cellular level, and anatomical boundaries were defined on the basis of acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and tyrosine-hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. Oxytocin- and vasopressin-binding sites were detected in well-defined subdivisions of both medial and central parts of the extended amygdala, but they almost never coexisted in the same region. Compared with previously reported distributions, our reinvestigation describes novel oxytocin- and vasopressin-binding sites in the lateral and supracapsular BST, in the sublenticular extended amygdala, in the interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, in the marginal zone, in the central amygdaloid nucleus, and in the anterior amygdaloid area. These results indicate that oxytocin- and vasopressin-binding sites represent an important feature of the extended amygdala and may participate in the large variety of functions that characterize this area, including reproductive and ingestive behaviors, conditioned fear and autonomic regulation.
Treatment of skin and soft tissue infections: a comparative study of cefmetazole and cefoxitin (1989)

In this comparative study, both cefmetazole and cefoxitin were found to be safe and effective in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. Greater activity of cefmetazole against some strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-haemolytic streptococci and aerobic Gram-negative bacilli was confirmed. A 90% or better cure rate was achieved with both drugs. At late follow up, three patients treated initially with cefmetazole had recurrent signs and symptoms. However, these three patients had vascular insufficiency which predisposed them to infection. Since cefmetazole has a longer half-life than cefoxitin, it may prove to be more convenient, or more cost effective, or both, in these and other infections.
Massively Multiplayer Online Worlds as a Platform for Augmented Reality Experiences (2008)

Massively Multiplayer Online Worlds (MMOs) are persistent virtual environments where people play, experiment and socially interact. In this paper, we demonstrate that MMOs also provide a powerful platform for Augmented Reality (AR) applications, where we blend together locations in physical space with corresponding places in the virtual world. We introduce the notion of AR stages, which are persistent, evolving spaces that encapsulate AR experiences in online three-dimensional virtual worlds. We discuss the concepts and technology necessary to use an MMO for AR, including a novel set of design concepts aimed at keeping such a system easy to learn and use. By leveraging the features of the commercial MMO Second Life, we have created a powerful AR authoring environment accessible to a large, diverse set of users.
Leachate from municipal landfills: Production and management (1985)

Production and management of leachate from municipal landfills are evaluated in this book, for the purpose of identifying information and techniques useful to design engineers and site operators. Also assessed are: advantages, limitations, and comparative costs of various approaches, for the estimation and mitigation of environmental and public health impacts, management options, and additional research needs on the generation, control, and monitoring of landfill leachates. The objectives of this study are: to clarify the understanding of leachate production and management options through a critical review and analysis of existing information, to identify practical information and techniques which can be used by design engineers and site operators, to delineate weaknesses in the available data base, and to identify techniques which may be useful in the estimation and mitigation of environmental and public health impacts caused by leachate generation.
Porcine circovirus: a serological survey of swine in the United States. (1995)

Summary: An indirect-fluorescent antibody procedure was used to assay swine serum for the presence of porcine circovirus (PCV)antibodies. We tested sera from II Georgia swine herds, one herd from North Carolina and one herd from Iowa.Antibodies against PCV were found in an average of 53 % of the samples tested. The incidence varied from a low of 2 7 % to a high of 100%.The antibody titers on one of the farms varied from 1:8 to 1:256.A titer of 1:8 or greater is considered to be positive. The significance of PCV infections has not been determined and further studies are needed to determine the possible role this virus might have in disease. B ecause porcine circovirus (PCY) infections in the United States have not been documented, we conducted a serological survey to determine whether these infections also occur in this country. Serological surveys in Germany &apos; and Canada2 indicate that the virus is indigenous to those countries. Porcine circovirus is an extremely small virus that contains a circular single-stranded DNA.First characterized in 1982,3 PCYwas originally isolated as a contaminate of the PK-15 cell line obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Cat. # ATCC CCL 3). The virus is 17 nm in diameter, and the single stranded circular DNAcontains about 1760 nucleotide bases.3 The virus is very similar to the beak-and-feather disease virus (PBFDY) of psittacine birds and also closely resembles the chicken anemia virus (CAY)of chickens.4 The results of the serological surveyin Germany!demonstrated that 85 % of swinefrom three slaughter houses were positivefor PCYantibodies. A breeding group of mini-pigs had a positive incidence rate of 36%, and fiveof eight wild boars (62%) were positive. Dulac and Afshar2reported an incidence of 55 % in commercial herds and 26 % from a slaughterhouse. Theyfound that a specific-pathogen-free (SPF) herd was negative for PCY antibodies.
Simultaneous conductivity and permittivity detector with a single cell for liquid chromatography (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous conductivity and permittivity detector with a single cell for liquid chromatographyJ. F. Alder, P. R. Fielden, and A. J. ClarkCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 6, 985–988Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00270a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00270a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Is the arsenic incorporation kinetics important when growing GaAs(001), (110), and (111)A films? (1997)

The incorporation coefficients of As2 and As4, obtained from reflection high-energy electron diffraction intensity oscillations in the As-limited growth regime, are compared for the growth of GaAs on (001), (110), and (111)A surfaces by molecular beam epitaxy. The kinetic results are remarkably similar for (110) and (111)A, but very different from those obtained on (001). The incorporation coefficients decrease with increasing temperature for all three surfaces, with the effect being much more dramatic on (110) and (111) A. The low- and temperature-dependent incorporation coefficients on (110) and (111)A explain the need for high As:Ga flux ratios and low substrate temperatures in the preparation of high-quality GaAs epitaxial layers.
Chemistry of oxaziridines. 11. (Camphorylsulfonyl)oxaziridine: synthesis and properties (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of oxaziridines. 11. (Camphorylsulfonyl)oxaziridine: synthesis and propertiesFranklin A. Davis, James C. Towson, Michael C. Weismiller, Sankar. Lal, and Patrick J. CarrollCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 25, 8477–8482Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00233a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00233a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3002Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Inclusion complexation of beta-CD with phenothiazine and N-alkylphenothiazine derivatives (1998)

Inclusion of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) with phenothiazine 1 and N-alkylpheno-thiazine derivatives (alkyl = ethyl 2, isobutyl 3 and isopentyl 4) in aqueous solution was studied by means of UV-vis spectroscopy. The association constant K-a values for the inclusion of beta-CD with 1, 2, 3 and 4 were determined to be 188, 214, 129 and 80 L/mol, respectively. It indicates that the stability of the inclusion complexes is dependent on the structure and the volume of the substituents in the guest compounds.
Combining GPS, GIS, and Accelerometry: Methodological Issues in the Assessment of Location and Intensity of Travel Behaviors (2010)

Pragmatic issues of using GPS monitoring to understand TPA behaviors and methodological recommendations for future research were identified. Although methodologically challenging, the combination of GPS monitoring, accelerometry and GIS technologies holds promise for understanding TPA within the built environment.