gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and fracture behavior of rigid-rod self reinforced polymers (2004)

Recently, a novel family of processable rigid-rod polyphenylenes with outstanding mechanical properties was introduced (Parmax ® SRPs). These materials possess strength and stiffness superior to other thermoplastics while retaining reasonable notched Izod values (65 J/m). To understand this better, the mechanical behavior of these materials, focusing on fundamental fracture mechanisms, was investigated. The materials appear to generate weak crazes at crack tips combined with a multiplanar step-deflection mechanism for crazing/cracking behavior during the crack propagation stage. Background Melt-processable rigid-rod self-reinforced polymers (SRPs) can be achieved by the utilization of carefully chosen sidechain substituents (thereby yielding what is sometimes referred to as “hairy-rod” polymers), and/or by utilizing a carefully controlled number of “kinked” comonomer units. These kinds of polymers can be very versatile materials; depending on the exact structure (e.g. size and identity of sidechains, type and length of rigidrod backbone segments, and identity and number of kinks), a great diversity in properties of the resulting polymers can be obtained.
Recycling of metallic materials from the dismantling of nuclear plants / Wiederverwertung metallischer Stoffe aus stillgelegten Kernkraftwerken (1991)

Article Recycling of metallic materials from the dismantling of nuclear plants / Wiederverwertung metallischer Stoffe aus stillgelegten Kernkraftwerken was published on June 1, 1991 in the journal Kerntechnik (volume 56, issue 6).
Research on the Influences of High-Speed Milling Parameters on Surface Work-Hardening (2013)

The orthogonal experiments of end milling were designed. Workpiece surfaces hardening were studied in high-speed milling. The results indicate that the degree of surface work-hardening in high-speed milling 8407 mold-steel is lower than that in conventional speed milling;By choosing the appropriate cutting parameters, to improve the surface quality of the workpieces and the processing efficiency is beneficial;Through changing the high-speed milling parameters to control the work hardening, the effect is not so obvious.
P<sub>2Z</sub>/P2X<sub>7</sub>receptor-dependent apoptosis of dendritic cells (1999)

Macrophages and thymocytes express P2Z/P2X7 nucleotide receptors that bind extracellular ATP. These receptors play a role in immune development and control of microbial infections, but their presence on dendritic cells has not been reported. We investigated whether extracellular ATP could trigger P2Z/P2X7 receptor-dependent apoptosis of dendritic cells. Apoptosis could be selectively triggered by tetrabasic ATP, since other purine/pyrimidine nucleotides were ineffective, and it was mimicked by the P2Z receptor agonist, benzoylbenzoyl ATP, and blocked by magnesium and the irreversible antagonist, oxidized ATP. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the mRNA expression of the P2Z/P2X7 receptor and the absence of P2X1. Caspase inhibitors and cycloheximide had only a partial effect on the apoptosis, suggesting that a caspase-independent mechanism may also be operative. Brief treatment with ATP led to an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration and permeabilization of the plasma membrane to Lucifer yellow, which diffused throughout the dendritic cell cytosol. Other small extracellular molecules may thus attain a similar intracellular distribution, perhaps activating endogenous proteases that contribute to initiation of apoptosis.
Electroantennogram responses of male <i>Sphinx perelegans</i> hawkmoths to floral and ‘green‐leaf volatiles’ (1998)

Abstract Electroantennograms (EAGs) from field‐collected male Sphinx perelegans hawkmoths were recorded in response to 10 individual floral scent compounds identified from Clarkia breweri (Onagraceae), 21 additional volatiles characteristic of other night‐blooming flowers, and eight ‘green leaf’ volatiles. Measurable EAG responses were elicited to all compounds tested, but the most effective antennal stimulants were benzyl acetate, linalool, methyl salicylate and trans‐2‐hexenal. Mean, pooled EAGs to oxygenated terpenoids, aromatic esters and fatty acid derivatives were larger in magnitude than those in response to aromatic aldehydes/alcohols, monoterpenes and nitrogen‐bearing compounds. The rank order of male S. perelegans' EAGs did not differ significantly from that of previously recorded responses of male Hyles lineata to the same scent compounds, and EAG magnitudes were generally larger for S. perelegans than for H. lineata . Both hawkmoth species are shown to have broad olfactory receptivities and could potentially respond to a wide array of plant volatiles as floral attractants.
RNA pre-amplification enables large-scale RT-qPCR gene-expression studies on limiting sample amounts (2009)

Application of this unbiased and easy to use sample pre-amplification technology offers great advantage to generate sufficient material for diagnostic and prognostic work-up and enables large-scale qPCR gene-expression studies using limited amounts of sample material.
Highly tunable acoustic metamaterials based on a resonant tubular array (2012)

Recent theoretical studies demonstrated that waves can be steered in any desired fashion by using a suitable distribution of material parameters. However, the required parameters for acoustic transformations often surpass the ranges available from the metamaterials developed so far. We introduce a class of acoustic metamaterials based on standing waves in a tubular array and experimentally demonstrate continuous tuning of the compressibility in an unprecedentedly wide range from $\ensuremath{-}8$ to 6 relative to air at audio frequencies. Potential applications include the acoustic Luneburg lens and cloaking.
Parallel and Serial Concatenated Single Parity Check Product Codes (2005)

The parallel and serial concatenation of codes is well established as a practical means of achieving excellent performance. In this paper, we introduce the parallel and serial concatenation of single parity-check (SPC) product codes. The weight distribution of these codes is analyzed and the performance is bounded. Simulation results confirm these bounds at high signal-to-noise ratios. The performance of these codes (and some variants) is shown to be quite good given the low decoding complexity and reasonably short blocklengths.
Identification of sub-band-gap absorption features at the HfO2∕Si(100) interface via spectroscopic ellipsometry (2007)

Spectroscopic ellipsometry is used to characterize charge trapping defect states in thin HfO2 gate dielectric films deposited by atomic layer deposition on chemically oxidized p-type Si (100) substrates. The intensity of specific absorption features detected below the band gap of HfO2 at 2.9 and 4.75eV is clearly distinguished from the Si critical points; however, repeating this spectroscopic evaluation for identical HfO2 films deposited and annealed on fused silica substrates results in no defect features detected. The HfO2∕Si(100) results, therefore, suggest these oxygen deficient defects are not intrinsic to HfO2 but reside primarily at the interface with the silicon substrate. The feasibility of utilizing spectroscopic ellipsometry to identify stoichiometric variations at the SiO2∕Si(100) interface and the corresponding changes associated with the electrical performance is presented.
GTL synthesis gas generation membrane for monetizing stranded gas (2004)

This feature article provides details of the development of a high-performance membrane for use in gas-to-liquids (GTL) synthesis gas generation for monetizing stranded gas assets.
Analytical model for double split ring resonators with arbitrary ring width (2007)

Abstract For the first time, the analytical model for a double split ring resonator with unequal width rings is developed. The proposed models for the resonators with equal and unequal widths are based on an impedance matrix representation and provide the prediction of performance in a wide frequency range. A phase compensation is implemented to adjust for the difference in length of the two rings, resulting in an accurate calculation of the resonant frequencies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 511–515, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23104
Combined bit swap and power gain adaptation for error rate equalization in DMT systems (2004)

A new adaptation algorithm, to equalize the symbol error rates over all subchannels, is proposed, to overcome the slow time-varying noise environment existing in xDSL channels. The proposed algorithm combines the conventional bit swap algorithm with power gain adaptation. The overall transmission power before and after adjustment is kept the same. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has a faster convergence speed and a smaller dynamic range of the equalized noise variance than the bit swap algorithm.
Can new optical techniques for in vivo imaging and flow cytometry of the microcirculation benefit sickle cell disease research? (2011)

Intravital microscopy is a valuable tool for research into sickle cell disease with studies being carried out on transgenic mice and human volunteers. The method has helped to develop an explanation for sickle crises based on cell adhesion to the vascular endothelium followed by logjamming of rigid sickle cells and has stimulated much research into new treatments. In recent years there have been numerous new optical techniques developed for imaging the microcirculation and understanding the circulation of cells within the body, many of which have been further developed into in vivo flow cytometry techniques. This brief review highlights some of the progress made to date in the understanding of sickle cell disease using intravital microscopy. New techniques for imaging the microcirculation and their potential uses in understanding sickle cell disease are discussed.
The fast milk acidifying phenotype of Streptococcus thermophilus can be acquired by natural transformation of the genomic island encoding the cell-envelope proteinase PrtS (2011)

We have successfully used natural competence to transfer the prtS locus encoding the cell-envelope proteinase in three slow acidifying strains of S. thermophilus, allowing their conversion into fast acidifying derivatives. The efficient protocol developed in this article will provide the dairy industry with novel and optimised S. thermophilus starter strains.
Sustained release donepezil loaded PLGA microspheres for injection: Preparation, in vitro and in vivo study (2015)

The purpose of this study was to develop a PLGA microspheres-based donepezil (DP) formulation which was expected to sustain release of DP for one week with high encapsulation efficiency (EE). DP derived from donepezil hydrochloride was encapsulated in PLGA microspheres by the O/W emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The optimized formulation which avoided the crushing of microspheres during the preparation process was characterized in terms of particle size, morphology, drug loading and EE, physical state of DP in the matrix and <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> release behavior. DP microspheres were prepared successfully with average diameter of 30 µm, drug loading of 15.92 ± 0.31% and EE up to 78.79 ± 2.56%. Scanning electron microscope image showed it has integrated spherical shape with no drug crystal and porous on its surface. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results suggested DP was in amorphous state or molecularly dispersed in microspheres. The Tg of PLGA was increased with the addition of DP. The release profile <em>in vitro</em> was characterized with slow but continuous release that lasted for about one week and fitted well with first-order model, which suggested the diffusion governing release mechanism. After single-dose administration of DP microspheres via subcutaneous injection in rats, the plasma concentration of DP reached peak concentration at 0.50 d, and then declined gradually, but was still detectable at 15 d. A good correlation between <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> data was obtained. The results suggest the potential use of DP microspheres for treatment of Alzheimer's disease over long periods.
Corneal topography from spectral optical coherence tomography (sOCT) (2011)

We present a method to obtain accurate corneal topography from a spectral optical coherence tomography (sOCT) system. The method includes calibration of the device, compensation of the fan (or field) distortion introduced by the scanning architecture, and image processing analysis for volumetric data extraction, segmentation and fitting. We present examples of three-dimensional (3-D) surface topography measurements on spherical and aspheric lenses, as well as on 10 human corneas in vivo. Results of sOCT surface topography (with and without fan-distortion correction) were compared with non-contact profilometry (taken as reference) on a spherical lens, and with non-contact profilometry and state-of-the art commercial corneal topography instruments on aspheric lenses and on subjects. Corneal elevation maps from all instruments were fitted by quadric surfaces (as well as by tenth-order Zernike polynomials) using custom routines. We found that the discrepancy in the estimated radius of curvature from nominal values in artificial corneas decreased from 4.6% (without fan distortion correction) to 1.6% (after fan distortion correction), and the difference in the asphericity decreased from 130% to 5%. In human corneas, the estimated corneal radius of curvature was not statistically significantly different across instruments. However, a Bland-Altman analysis showed consistent differences in the estimated asphericity and corneal shape between sOCT topographies without fan distortion correction and the rest of the measurements.
A planar multi-level tungsten interconnect technology (1986)

A novel planar interconnect technology based on selective deposition of W has been developed. The conventional approach to metallization, by depositing, patterning and etching of a metal layer, usually results in many steps on the wafer surface. In the W Interconnect Technology (WIT) to be presented, the interconnects are formed by selective deposition of W into oxide channels. Figure 1 outlines the processing sequence to form a level of metallization. A layer of LPCVD Si02 as thick as the desired W layer is deposited. Subsequently, a Si3N4 layer of 100 nm thick is deposited. The channels for the W interconnects are formed by patterning and etching the composite dielectrics. After the photoresist is removed, Si atoms at 40 KeV are implanted. Typically, a dosage as high as l~lO~’cm-~ is required to initiate the deposition of W. A photoresist mask cannot be used because of potential heating problem. The Si3N4 mask is selectively removed in hot H3PO4 solution. The etch rate of SigNq does not appear to be affected by the Si implant. A W film is then electively deposited to fill the Si02 channels [l], which becomes a level of interconnects. This process is repeated to form vias and subsequent levels of interconnects. This W interconnect technology has many desireable features. First, patterning and etching of a metal layer are no longer required. The wafer surface is completely planar after each level of interconnect or via formation] as shown in Figure 2. Only an initial planarization before the first metal is required for multi-level metallization. The adhesion of W on implanted Si02 is very good, with no lifting observed on lines as long as 1000 um. The improved adhesion, over that of blanket CVD W on Si02, is probably due to the Si implant. The W interconnects exhibit a resistivity of 7 pn-cm, which is similar to reported bulk resistivity [2]. A low contact resistivity between W levels is also achieved.
Voltage Control of a van der Waals Spin-Filter Magnetic Tunnel Junction (2019)

Atomically thin chromium triiodide (CrI<sub>3</sub>) has recently been identified as a layered antiferromagnetic insulator, in which adjacent ferromagnetic monolayers are antiferromagnetically coupled. This unusual magnetic structure naturally comprises a series of antialigned spin filters, which can be utilized to make spin-filter magnetic tunnel junctions with very large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR). Here we report voltage control of TMR formed by four-layer CrI<sub>3</sub> sandwiched by monolayer graphene contacts in a dual-gated structure. By varying the gate voltages at fixed magnetic field, the device can be switched reversibly between bistable magnetic states with the same net magnetization but drastically different resistance (by a factor of 10 or more). In addition, without switching the state, the TMR can be continuously modulated between 17,000% and 57,000%, due to the combination of spin-dependent tunnel barrier with changing carrier distributions in the graphene contacts. Our work demonstrates new kinds of magnetically moderated transistor action and opens up possibilities for voltage-controlled van der Waals spintronic devices.
Identification of a gene containing zinc-finger motifs based on lost expression in malignantly transformed rat ovarian surface epithelial cells. (1997)

We have used a rat model of epithelial ovarian cancer to identify a gene that shows decreased or lost expression in five of eight independently transformed rat ovarian surface epithelial cell lines compared to the normal progenitor cells. Hence, we refer to this gene as Lot1 (lost on transformation 1; GenBank accession no. U72620). The most abundant transcript of the gene is approximately 6 kb. This sequence contains a 1749-nucleotide open reading frame and, within the 3' untranslated region, 22 near-perfect 60-70-bp repeats and adenine- and uracil-rich areas. The deduced amino acid sequence from the open reading frame contains seven zinc-finger motifs of the C2H2 type, as well as proline-, glutamine-, and glutamic acid-rich areas. The gene maps to the short arm of chromosome one in the rat. Lot1 shows a limited distribution of expression in normal rat tissues, including ovary, which shows abundant expression. Furthermore, examination of DNA derived from multiple species indicates that the gene is widely conserved.
Liberal vs. professional advertising education (2018)

The issue of liberal vs. professional education is central to theconversation about advertising education. Practitioners influencethe development of advertising curricula, so it is necessaryto have data representing their views. A national survey wasconducted with 366 practitioners in the United States. Findingsshow that practitioners believe a four-year college degree isimportant. They also believe that the best educational formatincludes a balance of liberal and professional education. Practitionersbelieve soft skills should be taught, though the mostattainable entry-level jobs require digital technology skills.Digital technology also is identified as the most significant challengefor the field.
A handset power amplifier with high efficiency at a low level using load-modulation technique (2005)

A new monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit power amplifier for cellular handsets has been implemented using the load-modulation concept of the Doherty amplifier, which has a high efficiency at a low power level. In order to get a compact module, the /spl lambda//4 transmission line for the load modulation is replaced by a passive high-pass /spl pi/-network, and the load-modulation circuit is also modified to function as a power-matching circuit of the main amplifier. The amplifier has two modes of operation, low- and high-power modes, controlled by a control voltage. At the high power mode, both the main and auxiliary amplifiers are operational and, at the low power mode, only the main amplifier generates output power enhancing the efficiency. For the code-division multiple-access environment, the amplifier at the low-power mode provides power-added efficiency (PAE) of 39.8% and an adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) less than 49.8 dBc at 23.1 dBm, and the high-power mode PAE of 37.9% and ACPR of 46.4 dBc at 28 dBm. The efficiency is improved by approximately 18.8% at P/sub out/=23 dBm by the load-modulation technique. For the advanced mobile phone system-mode operation, the amplifier delivers 26.1 dBm with PAE of 53% and 30.8 dBm with 48.7% at the low and high modes, respectively.
Variables Pertinent to the Efficiency of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors Mediated Gene Transfer to Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. (2001)

Factors influencing adeno-associated virus (AAV) - mediated gene transfer to endothelial cells are not fully determined. We tested the variables pertinent to the efficiency of AAV-mediated gene transfer to human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) including: (i) kinetics of transduction efficiency of LacZ gene to HUVEC, (ii) the concentration and volume of vector-containing medium, (iii) the period of incubation time of AAV vectors with HUVEC, (iv) the target cell density/proliferation, (v) the duration of transgene expression. There is a dose-response relationship between moi of vectors and transduction efficiency in HUVEC. The higher moi of AAV vectors achieved more than 80% of transduction efficiency in cultured HUVEC. AAV vectors showed incubation time dependent increase in transduction efficiency of LacZ gene to the HUVEC up to 24 h of vector exposure. The foreign gene of AAV vectors preferably transduces the lower density of cells being proliferated. These results indicate that AAV-vector is efficient for gene transfer to HUVEC, and higher moi of vectors or a longer period exposure of vectors to proliferating HUVEC can facilitate efficient tranduction of foreign gene into human vascular endothelial cells in vitro.
<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>serogroup B: laboratory correlates of protection (2002)

Meningococcal disease in the Western countries is frequently caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. Major efforts have been made to develop a safe and efficacious vaccine against this serogroup which is suitable for use in infants and young children. To assess the quality of the immune response after vaccination with candidate vaccines, laboratory correlates of protection are needed. For serogroups A and C, serum bactericidal activity (SBA) is a well established predictor for protection, but for serogroup B other mechanisms besides SBA may also be involved in conferring protection from disease. Several laboratory methods for identification and evaluation of the immunogenicity of possible vaccine antigens are described in this review.
Feedback Control of Oximation Reaction by Inline Raman Spectroscopy (2014)

Although the process analytical technology for ensuring constant product quality and tight control over the manufacturing process, which is especially important in the case of hazardous chemical reactions, has initiated extensive use of real-time spectroscopic methods (ATR-UV/vis, ATR-FTIR, or Raman) for monitoring of chemical reactions, control of chemical syntheses on the basis of inline Raman spectroscopic detection has not been implemented yet. The present paper reports the development of an effective feedback control on the basis of Raman spectroscopy governing a potentially hazardous, exothermic model reaction. The control approach allowed the quantification of reaction components and an unstable intermediate and, furthermore, determined the end point of the reaction. The spectrum of the unstable intermediate was identified using the multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) method. The implementation of the feedback control required the development of a program operating the Raman spectrometer and coordinating the real-time CLS chemometric evaluation, while another program was designed to communicate with the previous one and was responsible for the closed-loop control of the process.
A novel disease connection for TRPM2 channels (2014)

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition responsible for dementia in older adults and for which no effective treatment is available. Amyloid-β (Aβ), a proteolytic produ...