gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Proposed Division of the Territory of Florida (1941)

Florida was ceded to the United States by Spain in 1821 as two quite separate provinces, East and West Florida. East Florida had grown up in the St. Johns river section and around the ancient city of St. Augustine. Bathed in Spanish tradition and custom, this section felt no dependence on or interest in West Florida which was centered some 400 miles to the west at Pensacola. There were virtually no towns between the two capitals, and most of the vast wilderness between St. Augustine and Pensacola was inhabited by Indians who were none too friendly. By nature the two provinces stood apart and very little understanding existed between them. Evidently, no great amount of intercourse took place between East and West Florida since travel was slow and uncertain and even years later mail took 30 days in passage from St. Augustine to Pensacola.
Analysis and design of ideal non symmetrical coupled microstrip directional couplers (2003)

Ideal directional couplers consisting of coupled asymmetric lines in an inhomogeneous medium have been realized by equalizing the inductive and capacitive coefficients of coupling. Analytical results have been verified numerically by computer simulation of the idealized distributed parameter systems and experimentally by comparing the scattering parameters of directional couplers designed with and without the techniques for improving coupler performance presented. Examples of high-directivity asymmetric couplers consisting of various planar and layered structures and presented together with experimental results for 6-dB couplers on alumina.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HDL Apolipoproteins and ABCA1 (2003)

It is widely believed that HDL protects against atherosclerosis by removing excess cholesterol from arterial cells. Lipid-poor HDL apolipoproteins promote efflux of cholesterol, phospholipids, and other lipophilic molecules from cells by an active process mediated by a cell-membrane transporter called the ATP binding cassette transporter A-1 (ABCA1). ABCA1 either directly or indirectly translocates phospholipids and cholesterol to the cell surface, where they appear to form lipid domains that interact with amphipathic alpha-helixes in apolipoproteins. This interaction solubilizes these lipids and generates nascent HDL particles that dissociate from the cell. Binding of apolipoproteins to ABCA1 may also enhance the activity of this lipid-transport pathway. Thus, the apolipoprotein/ABCA1 pathway efficiently clears cells of excess cholesterol that would otherwise accumulate as intracellular lipid droplets. ABCA1 expression is highly induced by cholesterol loading of cells and is also modulated by sterol-independent mechanisms at both the transcriptional and posttranslational level. Studies of human disease and animal models have shown that both an increased availability of apolipoproteins and an enhanced macrophage ABCA1 activity are atheroprotective. These findings implicate the apolipoprotein/ABCA1 pathway as an important therapeutic target for treating cardiovascular disease.
The Efficient Construction of an Unbiased Random Sequence (1972)

We consider procedures for converting input sequences of symbols generated by a stationary random process into sequences of independent, equiprobable output symbols, measuring the efficiency of such a procedure when the input sequence is finite by the expected value of the ratio of output symbols to input symbols. For a large class of processes and a large class of procedures we give an obvious information-theoretic upper bound to efficiency. We also construct procedures which attain this bound in the limit of long input sequences without making use of the process parameters, for two classes of processes. In the independent case we generalize a 1951 result of von Neumann and 1970 results of Hoeffding and Simons for independent but biased binary input, gaining a factor of 3 or 4 in efficiency. In the finite-state case we generalize a 1968 result of Samuelson for two-state binary Markov input, gaining a larger factor in efficiency.
The biological activities of new polyamine derivatives as potential therapeutic agents (2003)

A number of polyamine derivatives have demonstrated potential as therapeutic agents. For example, 1,12-bisethylspermine and bisnaphthalimide (elinafide) are currently in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of certain cancers. Here, the biological activities of two new groups of polyamine derivative, namely the oxa-polyamines and the bisnaphthalimides, are presented. The most active compounds in the oxa-polyamine and bisnaphthalimido series possessed IC(50) values of 2.93 and 1.38 microM, respectively, against MCF7 cells after 48 h of exposure. The structure-relationship activities of each group of compounds are discussed. Bisnaphthalimido compounds are DNA-binding agents. Addition of the bisnaphthalimides PK3, PK4, PK5, PK6 and PK7, at a concentration of 10 microM, to the calf thymus DNA duplex increased the T (m) of DNA by 11.55+/-0.56, 14.545+/-1.59, 6.23+/-2.45, 12.56+/-1.84 and 16.45+/-0.39 degrees C respectively. With the exception of PK5, all compounds bind to DNA by intercalation as judged by effect of compounds on DNA mobility. Ethidium bromide displacement assay showed that all the compounds have significant affinity for calf thymus DNA (the drug concentration required to reduce the fluorescence of initially DNA-bound ethidium bromide by 50%, C(50), was 1.21-17.33 microM). The order of DNA-binding strength was PK4 > PK3 > PK7 > PK6 > PK5. In HL-60 promyelocytic leukaemia cells, oxa-polyamine and bisnaphthalimido treatment resulted in a decline in cell proliferation and viability. The assays performed suggested that apoptosis was not the principal cell death mechanism involved in oxa-polyamine cytotoxicity. In contrast, HL-60 cell death induced by the bisnaphthalimido series was characterized by early exposure of phosphatidylserine exclusive from membrane damage, elevated caspase-3 activity, increased DNA instability and, ultimately, DNA fragmentation. Thus the principal cytotoxic members of the bisnaphthalimido series appear to induce apoptosis.
[Studies on chemical constituents in Huangjuhua (flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium)]. (2008)

Compounds 4, 5 were isolated from the plant for the first time.
Human papillomavirus infections: new perspectives for prevention and treatment. (2007)

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been recognized as the main etiologic agent of cervical cancer and other anogenital neoplasms, and a leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. In the last twenty years, extensive research has contributed to document the molecular mechanisms of virus persistence and malignant transformation, confirming a direct role of viral proteins in these processes. A clear understanding of the molecular epidemiology of HPVs and the availability of powerful molecular diagnostic techniques have provided the background for prevention strategies of HPV-related carcinomas. Since these viruses are highly prevalent in the general population, strict screening programs are still necessary. Recently, major breakthroughs have emerged from immunological studies. Indeed, these studies have paved the way for medical treatment of HPV infections and provided the first highly effective preventive vaccines. For these principal reasons, the time has come for a great effort towards the eradication of these important human pathogens. The present review summarizes the main aspects of the virology, molecular epidemiology and molecular biology of HPV infection and highlights the recent perspectives of prevention and treatment of the HPV-related disease.
Infarct limitation of the second window of protection in a conscious rabbit model (1996)

Myocardial protection associated with ischemic preconditioning (PC) wanes within an hour or two. It has recently been observed, however, that a delayed phase of protection appears about 24 h after ischemic PC in anesthetized rabbits and dogs which might be related to synthesis of cytoprotective proteins. We tested whether a second window of protection could be induced in conscious rabbits. Rabbits chronically instrumented with a coronary artery occluder and ECG electrodes experienced a 30-min coronary occlusion followed by 3 h reperfusion. Infarct size was measured with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. 35.7 ± 2.3% of the risk zone infarcted in control animals. PC with 4 cycles of 5-min coronary occlusion/10-min reperfusion 24 h prior to the 30-min ischemia decreased infarction to 24.1 ± 1.4% of the risk zone (P < 0.01). During the 30-min occlusion 3 of 7 non-PC rabbits developed ventricular fibrillation, while this arrhythmia did not occur in the 7 PC animals (P < 0.1). Myocardial hsp70 content in PC rabbits was twice that in controls. Collateral blood flow was not different in the two groups. A second window of protection exists in conscious rabbits which minimizes both infarction and arrhythmias, and cytoprotective protein content is increased in the myocardium of protected animals.
Proximal tubular cells in primary culture. (1986)

Primary cultures of mammalian proximal tubules (PT) can be established in serum-free, hormone-supplemented media. These cells attain confluence, demonstrate morphological polarity and exhibit vectorial fluid transport. Primary cultures of rabbit PT cells retain the transport properties of the parent cells and exhibit Na+-H+ exchange, Na+-Ca2+ exchange and Na-glucose co-transport, the latter process having kinetic properties comparable to those described for the late proximal tubule. Glucose which enters the cell via the luminal Na-glucose co-transport system undergoes metabolism to CO2; it is not clear whether this glucose oxidation, which is minimal in PT cells under physiological conditions, is due to selection of a specific cell type or to the nature of the culture conditions. Confluent, quiescent PT cells in culture can be induced to hypertrophy by addition of supraphysiological concentrations of insulin, PGE, and hypertonic NaCl; each stimulus also leads to an early increase in Na+-H+ antiport suggesting that this transport process may be causally related to the process of cell growth. The primary culture thus represents a promising model for future studies on the cellular events which govern the process of cell hypertrophy.
Metabolism of N'-(4-chloro-o-tolyl)-N,N-dimethylformamidine by apple seedlings (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetabolism of N'-(4-chloro-o-tolyl)-N,N-dimethylformamidine by apple seedlingsAnil K. Sen Gupta and Charles O. KnowlesCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1969, 17, 3, 595–600Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60163a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60163a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Applications of Periodic Acid and Periodates in Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1974)

Recent applications of periodic acid and periodates to organic and bio-organic chemistry are reviewed. Unique periodate oxidations and synthetic methods employing periodates are discussed. 1. Properties of Periodates and Periodate Oxidation Mechanism 2. Condensed Aromatic Compounds 3. Nonbenzenoid Aromatics and Cyclopolyenes 4. Steroids 5. Periodic Acid as a New Oxidant for the Degradation of Bile Pigments 6. Heterocyclic Compounds (Indole and Tryptophan Derivatives) 7. Terpenes 8. Aromatic Iodination 9. Organic Salts of Periodic Acid 10. Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds 11. Stereospecific, Asymmetric Synthesis of Carbohydrates 12. Sulfur Compounds 13. Periodate as a Co-oxidant 14. Amines and Hydrazine Derivatives 15. Hydroxylamine Derivatives 16. Oxidation of Phenols, Benzenediols, Benzenehexols, and Hydroxy Aromatics 17. Flavanols 18. Fatty Acids 19. The Structure of Addition Polymers 20. Bio-organic Applications of Periodates 21. Other Periodate Applications 22. Miscellaneous Recent Results
Induction of Cellular Senescence in Immortalized Cells by Human Chromosome 1 (1990)

The control of cellular senescence by specific human chromosomes was examined in interspecies cell hybrids between diploid human fibroblasts and an immortal, Syrian hamster cell line. Most such hybrids exhibited a limited life span comparable to that of the human fibroblasts, indicating that cellular senescence is dominant in these hybrids. Karyotypic analyses of the hybrid clones that did not senesce revealed that all these clones had lost both copies of human chromosome 1, whereas all other human chromosomes were observed in at least some of the immortal hybrids. The application of selective pressure for retention of human chromosome 1 to the cell hybrids resulted in an increased percentage of hybrids that senesced. Further, the introduction of a single copy of human chromosome 1 to the hamster cells by microcell fusion caused typical signs of cellular senescence. Transfer of chromosome 11 had no effect on the growth of the cells. These findings indicate that human chromosome 1 may participate in the control of cellular senescence and further support a genetic basis for cellular senescence.
Synthesis of 2‐aryl‐6‐carbethoxythiazolo[4,5‐<i>c</i>]pyridine and 7‐chloro‐2‐phenylthiazolo[5,4‐<i>c</i>]pyridine (1986)

Abstract Starting from readily available 2‐aryl‐5‐formyl‐4‐mehtylthiazole, 2‐aryl‐6‐carbethoxythiazolo[4,5‐ c ]pyridine was prepared. β‐(2‐Phenylthiazol‐4‐yl)acrylic acid was converted to the corresponding azide (VI). Cyclization of compound VI afforded 2‐phenylthiazolo[5,4‐ c ]pyridin‐7(6 H )one. Reaction of the latter with phosphorous oxychloride gave 7‐chloro‐2‐phenylthiazolo[5,4‐ c ]pyridine.
A general procedure for assigning the phosphorus-31 spectra of nucleic acids (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA general procedure for assigning the phosphorus-31 spectra of nucleic acidsMatthew Petersheim, Shujaath Mehdi, and John A. GerltCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 2, 439–440Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00314a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00314a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of Spirochetes Related to<i>Treponema pallidum</i>in Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis (1991)

The spirochetes found in dental plaque from patients with ulcerative gingivitis or chronic periodontitis have antigens that are thought to be unique to pathogenic treponemes. This close antigenic relation suggests that T. pallidum or a closely related organism may be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
Real Time and in Situ Control of the Gap Size of Nanoelectrodes for Molecular Devices (2008)

Molecular electronics is often limited by the lack of a simple method to fabricate nanoelectrodes with controlled gap size. This is partly attributed to the lack of a real time characterization in the fabrication. Here, we report a new method based on an electron induced deposition process operated in scanning electron microscopy that realizes in situ and real time characterization in the nanoelectrode fabrication; thus the gap size can be controlled easily and precisely. It is a clean and nondestructive process for carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes. The mechanism is detailed. The nanoelectrodes have a pi-conjugated surface due to the deposition of sp(2)-rich amorphous carbon. As an application, DNA molecules are assembled between the CNT electrodes by pi-stacking interaction for current-voltage measurement. Our result provides a feasible route to prepare nanoelectrodes with controlled gap size, and it will be valuable for current efforts in molecular electronics and nanoelectronics.
Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by organosulfur compounds. (1993)

It has been reported that several naturally occurring and related synthetic organosulfur compounds exert chemopreventive effects in several target organs in rodent models. The chemopreventive actions of 40 and 80% maximum tolerated doses (MTD) of organosulfur compounds, namely anethole trithione, diallyl disulfide, N-acetylcysteine, and taurine, administered in AIN-76A diet, on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced neoplasia were investigated in male F344 rats. Also, the effects of these agents on the activities of phase II enzymes, namely glutathione S-transferase (GST), NAD(P)H-dependent quinone reductase, and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase, in the liver and colonic mucosa and tumors were assessed. The MTD levels of anethole trithione, diallyl disulfide, N-acetylcysteine, and taurine were determined in male F344 rats and found to be 250, 250, 1500, and 1500 ppm, respectively. At 5 weeks of age, animals were fed the control diet (AIN-76A) or experimental diets containing 40 or 80% MTD levels of each test agent. All animals in each group, except those allotted for vehicle (saline) treatment, were administered AOM s.c. at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg body weight once weekly for 2 weeks. All animals were necropsied during week 52 after the second AOM injection. Colonic mucosal and tumor and liver enzyme activities were measured in animals fed 80% MTD levels of each test agent. Colon tumors were subjected to histopathological evaluation and classified as invasive or noninvasive adenocarcinomas. Colon tumor incidence (percentage of animals with tumors) and tumor multiplicity (tumors/animal) were compared among various dietary groups. The results indicated that administration of 200 ppm (80% MTD) anethole trithione significantly inhibited the incidence and multiplicity of both invasive and noninvasive adenocarcinomas, whereas feeding of 100 ppm (40% MTD) anethole trithione or 100 (40% MTD) or 200 ppm (80% MTD) diallyl disulfide suppressed only invasive adenocarcinomas of the colon. Although diets containing N-acetylcysteine and taurine inhibited colon tumor multiplicity, the effect was somewhat marginal. GST, NAD-(P)H-dependent quinone reductase, and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activities in colonic mucosa and tumor and liver were significantly elevated in animals fed anethole trithione or diallyl disulfide, compared to those fed the control diet. N-Acetylcysteine and taurine slightly but significantly increased only the GST activity in the liver. Although other mechanisms are not excluded, inhibition of AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis by anethole trithione and diallyl disulfide may be associated, in part, with increased activities of phase II enzymes such as GST, NAD(P)H-dependent quinone reductase, and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase in the liver and colon.
Molecular Stratification of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Consensus Clustering Reveals Distinct Subtypes and Survival Patterns (2010)

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the predominant RCC subtype, but even within this classification, the natural history is heterogeneous and difficult to predict. A sophisticated understanding of the molecular features most discriminatory for the underlying tumor heterogeneity should be predicated on identifiable and biologically meaningful patterns of gene expression. Gene expression microarray data were analyzed using software that implements iterative unsupervised consensus clustering algorithms to identify the optimal molecular subclasses, without clinical or other classifying information. ConsensusCluster analysis identified two distinct subtypes of ccRCC within the training set, designated clear cell type A (ccA) and B (ccB). Based on the core tumors, or most well-defined arrays, in each subtype, logical analysis of data (LAD) defined a small, highly predictive gene set that could then be used to classify additional tumors individually. The subclasses were corroborated in a validation data set of 177 tumors and analyzed for clinical outcome. Based on individual tumor assignment, tumors designated ccA have markedly improved disease-specific survival compared to ccB (median survival of 8.6 vs 2.0 years, P = 0.002). Analyzed by both univariate and multivariate analysis, the classification schema was independently associated with survival. Using patterns of gene expression based on a defined gene set, ccRCC was classified into two robust subclasses based on inherent molecular features that ultimately correspond to marked differences in clinical outcome. This classification schema thus provides a molecular stratification applicable to individual tumors that has implications to influence treatment decisions, define biological mechanisms involved in ccRCC tumor progression, and direct future drug discovery.
Selective Reduction of NOx over Alumina-supported Silver Catalyst (1994)

The effect of oxygen concentration, water vapor, and SO2 on the reduction of NO over alumina-supported silver catalyst was investigated. Oxygen promoted the reduction of NO by initiating the oxidation of propene. The reduction of NO by ethanol was interfered significantly in the presence of SO2, while water vapor had no interference on the reduction. Relatively high NH3 and N2O were produced on the reduction of NO with ethanol. Pore diffusion also affected the reduction of NO over Ag/Al2O3 catalysts.
Modern Art: New Problems. The Education Programme at M.O.M.A. (1979)

Journal Article Modern Art: New Problems. The Education Programme at M.O.M.A. Get access CHRISTINE NEWTON CHRISTINE NEWTON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oxford Art Journal, Volume 2, Issue 3, October 1979, Pages 28–33, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxartj/2.3.28 Published: 01 October 1979