gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Intake and Risk of Incident Age-related Nuclear Cataracts In the Beaver Dam Eye Study (1999)

The relation of antioxidant nutrients to the incidence of nuclear cataracts was investigated in a cohort of adults aged 43-84 years in the Beaver Dam Eye Study (Beaver Dam, Wisconsin). Nuclear opacity was assessed on a five-point ordinal scale using lens photographs taken at baseline (1988-1990) and at follow-up (1993-1995). Of the 1,354 persons eligible, 246 developed a nuclear cataract (level 4 or 5 opacity) in at least one eye. Antioxidant intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline for time points corresponding to intake during the year preceding baseline and 10 years before baseline (the distant past). Lutein-zeaxanthin was the only carotenoid, out of five examined, that was associated with nuclear cataracts. Persons in the highest quintile of lutein intake in the distant past were half as likely to have an incident cataract as persons in the lowest quintile of intake (95% confidence interval 0.3-0.8). In the overall group, nuclear cataracts were not significantly related to intake of vitamin C or vitamin E. However, vitamins C and E were inversely associated with opacities in persons who had some other risk factors for cataracts. While results of this short term follow-up study are consistent with a possible protective influence of lutein and vitamins E and C on the development of nuclear cataracts, the evidence in the present study provides weak support for these associations.
Perioperative treatment with phosphatidic acid inhibitor (Lisofylline leads to prolonged survival of hearts in the guinea pig to rat xenotransplant model. (1996)

Phosphatidic acids (PAs) are a group of molecules that play an important role in intracellular signaling.1 Of the four species of PA known, one (PA1-α) is rapidly activated during inflammatory responses through lysophosphatidic acid acyl transferase (LPAAT).2 Lisofylline (LSF) is a potent inhibitor of LPAAT and is known to block the formation of PA1-α, thus attenuating or abrogating a broad array of proinflammatory activities.3 Given its crucial role in suppressing the inflammatory cascade, we have attempted to study the efficacy of LSF in abating or averting hyperacute xenograft rejection (HAR) in the guinea pig to rat model. The adjuvant affect of steroid therapy was also investigated.
More than 100 W, 18 cm Yb-doped phosphate fiber amplifier (2019)

Phosphate glass is an attractive material for rare-earth-doped fiber manufacturing because high doping levels are possible without introducing negative effects such as up-conversion or increased non-radiative recombination. In this paper we present a novel PM heavily Yb-doped polarization maintaining large mode area phosphate fiber and a < 100 W power level amplifier based on this fiber. The fiber was fabricated by a rod-in-tube technique. An 18 cm long piece of the fiber was used to build a high-power all-fiber amplifier. 106 W of output power at 1030 nm was achieved with 55 % slope efficiency with respect to the launched pump power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power ever demonstrated for short phosphate fiber lasers.
Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exhibit a Restricted Repertoire of Functional Chemokine Receptors: Comparison with Human (2008)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-haematopoeitic, stromal cells that are capable of differentiating into mesenchymal tissues such as bone and cartilage. They are rare in bone marrow, but have the ability to expand many-fold in culture, and retain their growth and multi-lineage potential. The properties of MSCs make them ideal candidates for tissue engineering. It has been shown that MSCs, when transplanted systemically, can home to sites of injury, suggesting that MSCs possess migratory capacity; however, mechanisms underlying migration of these cells remain unclear. Chemokine receptors and their ligands play an important role in tissue-specific homing of leukocytes. Here we define the cell surface chemokine receptor repertoire of murine MSCs from bone marrow, with a view to determining their migratory activity. We also define the chemokine receptor repertoire of human MSCs from bone marrow as a comparison. We isolated murine MSCs from the long bones of Balb/c mice by density gradient centrifugation and adherent cell culture. Human MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of patients undergoing hip replacement by density gradient centrifugation and adherent cell culture. The expression of chemokine receptors on the surface of MSCs was studied using flow cytometry. Primary murine MSCs expressed CCR6, CCR9, CXCR3 and CXCR6 on a large proportion of cells (73+/-11%, 44+/-25%, 55+/-18% and 96+/-2% respectively). Chemotaxis assays were used to verify functionality of these chemokine receptors. We have also demonstrated expression of these receptors on human MSCs, revealing some similarity in chemokine receptor expression between the two species. Consequently, these murine MSCs would be a useful model to further study the role of chemokine receptors in in vivo models of disease and injury, for example in recruitment of MSCs to inflamed tissues for repair or immunosuppression.
Low-Resonant-Frequency Micro Electret Generator for Energy Harvesting Application (2009)

A vibration-driven electret generator has been developed for energy harvesting applications. By using parylene as the spring material, a low-resonant-frequency MEMS generator is realized. Electrostatic levitation is adopted for the gap control. Large in-plane amplitude of 0.5 mm at the resonant frequency as low as 21 Hz has been achieved. We also demonstrate electret-powered operation of LED using a low-power-consumption impedance conversion circuit.
Surface Functionalization of Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Confined Semiconductor Nanoclusters. 2. Formation of a "Quantum Dot" Condensation Polymer (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface Functionalization of Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Confined Semiconductor Nanoclusters. 2. Formation of a "Quantum Dot" Condensation PolymerHorst Noglik and William J. PietroCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 7, 1333–1336Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00055a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Unveiling the neglected roles of nucleoprotein NLS2 and cellular vimentin during Influenza A virus infection (2016)

Influenza A virus exploits the cellular transport machinery during the early stages of infection. It enters cells by endocytosis and takes advantage of the endocytic trafficking to move towards the perinuclear region with the assistance of actin filaments and microtubules. A recent proteomic study identified vimentin as a putative interacting protein of influenza viral components. However, the role of vimentin during influenza A infection has not yet been determined. After endocytosis, the viral ribonucleopotein complexes (vRNPs), containing the RNA viral genome, the viral polymerases, and several copies of nucleoprotein, are released from late endosomes and enter the nucleus for replication. Two nuclear localization sequences (NLSs), NLS1 and NLS2, on nucleoprotein mediate the nuclear import of vRNPs. The function of NLS1 has been well studied, however, the role of NLS2 remains to be defined. This thesis has two major aims: to characterize the function of NLS2 and to determine the role of vimentin during influenza infection. For the first aim, I use a chimeric protein (5GFP) fused to NLS2, in combination with RNAi of several importin α isoforms and biochemical assays, and found that NLS2 is able to mediate the nuclear import of 5GFP by interacting with importin α1, α3, α5, and α7. NLS2 contains only a single amino acid difference at position 17 between different strains of influenza A virus, which could be either lysine (K) or arginine (R). I found that NLS2K induces more nuclear accumulation of 5GFP than NLS2R. Using site-directed mutagenesis I demonstrated that NLS2K contains two independent functional basic clusters, while NLS2R only has one. Moreover, my study also revealed that inhibiting the function of NLS1 and NLS2 impairs the nuclear import of vRNPs and further inhibits viral infection. For the second aim I followed influenza A virus infection in both vimentin null cells and vimentin RNAi knock-down cells, and found that vimentin plays a role in releasing vRNPs from endosomes. In summary, my work dissects the basic mechanisms involved in influenza A virus endocytic trafficking and nuclear import, which provide us with better insights into the viral-host interaction during influenza A virus infection.
Formation of Nanostructural Materials Induced by Mechanical Processings (<I>Overview</I>) (1995)

Mechanical alloying (MA) was firstly developed to synthesize metallic matrix composite by mechanically incorporating preformed oxide and or carbide particles into a metallic matrix. A consecutive compaction process is applied to obtain bulk materials. During MA, powders are repeatedly welded, fractured and rewelded in a high energy mill leading to an intimate mixing on a nano/micro-scale with the possible formation of far from equilibrium phases. The versatility of MA is well known; high volume, low energy mills can be used to commercially produced dispersion strengthened Al, Ni and other transition metal alloys. Various intermetallics and inorganic compounds (amorphous and/or nanocrystalline) have been synthesized by using higher energy mills which have been specially developed in some cases. Mechanical alloying, it appears, as suggested by T. H. Courtney et al., is the Alladin’s lamp of powder processing. All the published works have shown that the reaction and end products of the MA process strongly depend on the milling conditions. As a consequence, it is obvious that an improved understanding of the dynamics of MA process is required to gain a full appreciation of the industrial potential of the technique for synthesizing materials. Recently, M. Abdellaoui and E. Gaffet have shown that the crystal to amorphous phase transition (at least in the case of the model Ni10Zr7) only depends on the injected mechanically power, allowing a direct comparison among experiments performed using distinct type of milling apparatus (planetary milling machine, horizontal apparatus). An alternative method has been recently proposed by N. Malhouroux-Gaffet and E. Gaffet, for the solid state synthesis of disilicide powders exhibiting a wide contamination during the direct MA preparation: the mechanically activated annealing process (M2AP). Such a M2AP method has been applied to the synthesis of FeSi2, MoSi2, WSi2 compounds. Such a method appears as being a well suitable one for the low temperature synthesis of refractory nanomaterials. Recent applications have been successfully performed to mechanically activated sintering (MAS).
Migration of brain tumor cells on extracellular matrix proteins in vitro correlates with tumor type and grade and involves alphaV and beta1 integrins. (1996)

An important contributor to the malignancy of brain tumors is their ability to infiltrate the brain. Extracellular matrix molecules and cell adhesion molecules on cell surfaces play key roles in cell migration. In the present study, we used reaggregates of dissociated cells from freshly excised human brain tumors to analyze the migration of cells from human brain tumors of different types and grades on many different adhesion proteins adsorbed to glass substrates. Proteins were chosen based on their presence in normal or neoplastic nervous tissue, and included the extra-cellular matrix molecules fibronectin, collagens, fibrinogen, laminin, tenascin-C, thrombospondin, and the neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule, Ng-CAM. Cells from astrocytomas (n = 24) migrated on a variety of substrates, in contrast to cells from primitive neuroectodermal tumors cells (n=6), which only migrated well on laminin, fibronectin, or type IV collagen but not on the other substrates. Typically, migrating cells from astrocytomas of all grades had long, slender processes, were usually bipolar, and their cell bodies did not spread well on any substrate. Although there was variability in the migration of cells from astrocytomas of the same grade, cells from high-grade astrocytomas tended to migrate more extensively (42.3 +/- 4.7 micrometers/16 h: n = 16) than cells from lower grade astrocytomas (28.9 +/- 3.9 micrometers/16 h; P = 0.07; n = 8); the most striking differences were observed for collagen substrates, on which cells from lower grade astrocytomas migrated at very low levels (7.6 +/- 2 .6 micrometers/16 h) and cells from high-grade astrocytomas at higher levels (24.4 +/- 5.2 micrometers;P = 0.01). In contrast to primary cells from glioblastomas (n = 13), glioblastoma cell lines (n = 10) consistently spread on various substrates and migrated at high levels (69.5 +/- 7.6 versus 46.4 +/-5.7 micrometers/16 h; P = 0.03), in particular, on collagens (108.4 +/- 20.2 versus 28.0 +/- 6.1 micrometers/16 h; P= 0.001). Specific monoclonal antibodies to alphaV and beta1 integrin monomers completely inhibited the migration of astrocytoma cells on most substrates, suggesting that alphaV and beta1 integrins play a crucial role in brain tumor infiltration. These studies also suggest that although a large number of extracellular matrix molecules may promote tumor cell migration, disrupting the function of only a few tumor cell receptors may be critical for tumor infiltration in the brain.
Chassis Electronic Control Systems for the Mitsubishi 1984 Galant (1984)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Advanced electronics is applied to suspension, engine mount, and power steering systems to realize vehicle performance which would be impossible to achieve using only mechanical components. Superb compatibility is established between soft riding comfort and sharp controllability; reduced body vibration at engine idle and body shock at start-up or gear change; light steering effort at low speed and reliable road feel at high speed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Fail-safe mechanisms arc incorporated in the event of system failure and a central diagnostic terminal is provided for system checking.</div>
Organo-Tricyanoborates as Tectons:  Illustrative Coordination Polymers Based on Copper(I) Derivatives (2005)

The first systematic study on the use of tricyanoborates as ligands is presented. The tricyanoborates [RB(CN)3]- (R = oct and Ph) can be prepared by direct cyanation of RBCl2 precursors as well as by thermolysis of the corresponding isocyanides [RB(NC)3]-. The first organo-cyanogallates [RGa(CN)3]- (R = Bu, C6H2-2,4,6-Me3) were prepared from the corresponding dichloride, the structure of Et4N[mesGa(CN)3] being confirmed crystallographically. The reaction of equimolar [RB(CN)3]- (R = oct, Ph) and [Cu(MeCN)4]+ afforded two-dimensional polymers [RB(CN)3Cu(NCMe)]. The sheets arise via conjoined hexagonal B3Cu3(CN)6 rings with chair conformations. The reaction of excess [PhB(CN)3]- and [Cu(MeCN)4]+ gives the polymer [K(18-crown-6)]{Cu[PhB(CN)3]2}. Treatment of [PhB(CN)3]- with [Cu(PCy3)2(NCMe)x]PF6 gave the one-dimensional polymer [PhB(CN)3Cu(PCy3)2], wherein two of the three BCN substituents are coordinated.
On a Methodology for Robust Segmentation of Nonideal Iris Images (2009)

Iris biometric is one of the most reliable biometrics with respect to performance. However, this reliability is a function of the ideality of the data. One of the most important steps in processing nonideal data is reliable and precise segmentation of the iris pattern from remaining background. In this paper, a segmentation methodology that aims at compensating various nonidealities contained in iris images during segmentation is proposed. The virtue of this methodology lies in its capability to reliably segment nonideal imagery that is simultaneously affected with such factors as specular reflection, blur, lighting variation, occlusion, and off-angle images. We demonstrate the robustness of our segmentation methodology by evaluating ideal and nonideal data sets, namely, the Chinese Academy of Sciences iris data version 3 interval subdirectory, the iris challenge evaluation data, the West Virginia University (WVU) data, and the WVU off-angle data. Furthermore, we compare our performance to that of our implementation of Camus and Wildes's algorithm and Masek's algorithm. We demonstrate considerable improvement in segmentation performance over the formerly mentioned algorithms.
Automatic creation of domain templates (2006)

Recently, many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications have improved the quality of their output by using various machine learning techniques to mine Information Extraction (IE) patterns for capturing information from the input text. Currently, to mine IE patterns one should know in advance the type of the information that should be captured by these patterns. In this work we propose a novel methodology for corpus analysis based on cross-examination of several document collections representing different instances of the same domain. We show that this methodology can be used for automatic domain template creation. As the problem of automatic domain template creation is rather new, there is no well-defined procedure for the evaluation of the domain template quality. Thus, we propose a methodology for identifying what information should be present in the template. Using this information we evaluate the automatically created domain templates through the text snippets retrieved according to the created templates.
Environmental influences on risk for rheumatoid arthritis (2009)

Recent studies have increased our understanding of environmental exposures that modify risk for RA such as smoking and alcohol intake. Other factors such as birthweight, breastfeeding, socioeconomic status and region of birth have also been demonstrated to contribute to risk. ACPA status is associated with specific environmental factors and is therefore important to incorporate into present and future studies.
Botulism in a Tidal Estuary in New Jersey (1967)

Clostridium botulinum, type Cβ was identified as the causative organism in an epornitic which occurred on a tidal estuary in New Jersey. Approximately 1,000 individuals of twelve species representing five families of birds were intoxicated. Muskrats and killifish were also affected. Seven species previously unreported as affected by botulinus intoxication were recorded. The role of the food web in the epizootiology of botulinus intoxication and the intraspecific relationship between the killifish and Least Terns in the continuance of the outbreak is discussed.
Blurb Mining (2018)

Product reviews on modern e-commerce websites have evolved into repositories of valuable firsthand opinions on products. Showcasing the opinions that reviewers express on a product in a succinct way can not only promote the product, but also provide an engaging experience that simplifies the shopping journey for online shoppers. In the case of traditional media such as movies and books, employingblurbs or excerpts from critic reviews for promotional purposes is an established practice among movie publicists and book editors that has proven to be an effective way of capturing attention of customers. Such excerpts can be discovered from e-commerce product reviews to highlight interesting reviewer opinions and add emotive elements to otherwise bland e-commerce product pages. While traditional movie or book blurbs are manually extracted, they must be automatically extracted from e-commerce product reviews owing to the scale of catalogues. Further, traditional blurbs are generally phrased to be very positive in tone and sometimes may take some words out of context. However, excerpts for e-commerce products must represent the true opinions of the reviewers and must capture the context in which the words were used to retain trust of users. To that end, we introduce the problem of extracting engaging excerpts from e-commerce product reviews in this paper. We present methods to automatically discover such excerpts from reviews at scale by leveraging natural language properties such as syntactic structure of sentences and sentiment, and discuss some of the underlying challenges. We further present an evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed methods in terms of the quality of the blurbs generated and their ranking orders produced.
Collagen of human articular and costal cartilage (1969)

Abstract Collagen comprises approximately 90 per cent of the protein of human articular cartilage. Only about 1 per cent of the total collagen could be extracted by solutions of 5 M guanidine‐HCl from normal cartilage, and the extractability of collagen from fibrillated specimens was not elevated. In costal cartilage, the proportion of noncollagenous protein increases almost threefold during skeletal growth. Moreover, the extractability of costal cartilage collagen decreases as a function of age.
Isolation and morphological and metabolic characterization of common endophytes in annually burned tallgrass prairie (2010)

Dark septate endophytes (DSE) are common and abundant root-colonizing fungi in the native tallgrass prairie. To characterize DSE fungi were isolated from roots of mixed tallgrass prairie plant communities. Isolates were grouped according to morphology, and the grouping was refined by ITS-RFLP and/or sequencing of the ITS region. Sporulating species of Periconia, Fusarium, Microdochium and Aspergillus were isolated along with many sterile fungi. Leek resynthesis was used to quickly screen for DSE fungi among the isolates. Periconia macro-spinosa and Microdochium sp. formed typical DSE structures in the roots; Periconia produced melanized intracellular microsclerotia in host root cortex, whereas Microdochium produced abundant melanized inter- and intracellular chlamydospores. To further validate the results of the leek resynthesis growth responses of leek and a dominant prairie grass, Andropogon gerardii, were assessed in a laboratory resynthesis system. Leek growth mainly was unresponsive to the inoculation with Periconia or Microdochium, whereas Andropogon tended to respond positively. Select Periconia and Microdochium isolates were tested further for their enzymatic capabilities and for ability to use organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. These fungi tested positive for amylase, cellulase, polyphenol oxidases and gelatinase. Periconia isolates used both organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. Our study identified distinct endophytes in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem and indicated that these endo-phytes can use a variety of complex nutrient sources, suggesting facultative biotrophic and saprotrophic habits.