gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ferritin ferroxidase activity: A potent inhibitor of osteogenesis (2009)

Hemochromatosis is a known cause of osteoporosis, and iron overload has deleterious effects on bone. Although iron overload and its association with osteoporosis has long been recognized, the pathogenesis and exact role of iron have been undefined. Bone is an active tissue with constant remodeling capacity. Osteoblast (OB) development and maturation are under the influence of core binding factor alpha-1 (CBF-alpha1), which induces expression of OB-specific genes, including alkaline phosphatase, an important enzyme in early osteogenesis, and osteocalcin, a noncollagenous protein deposited within the osteoid. This study investigates the mechanism by which iron inhibits human OB activity, which in vivo may lead to decreased mineralization, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. We demonstrate that iron-provoked inhibition of OB activity is mediated by ferritin and its ferroxidase activity. We confirm this notion by using purified ferritin H-chain and ceruloplasmin, both known to possess ferroxidase activity that inhibited calcification, whereas a site-directed mutant of ferritin H-chain lacking ferroxidase activity failed to provide any inhibition. Furthermore, we are reporting that such suppression is not restricted to inhibition of calcification, but OB-specific genes such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and CBF-alpha1 are all downregulated by ferritin in a dose-responsive manner. This study corroborates that iron decreases mineralization and demonstrates that this suppression is provided by iron-induced upregulation of ferritin. In addition, we conclude that inhibition of OB activity, mineralization, and specific gene expression is attributed to the ferroxidase activity of ferritin.
Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Segmentation Based on Improved Fuzzy Markov Random Field Model (2006)

Fuzzy Markov random field (FMRF) is a novel model for data clustering or image segmentation. This paper presents an improved FMRF segmentation method for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The originality of this algorithm based on the fact that there are many interlaced edges or mixed areas among different types of regions in SAR images, which are often caused by the limited resolutions of the acquisition systems or speckle noise of sensor. Fuzzy method is just a shortcut for this kind of uncertain classification, which could give more flexible and reasonable segmentation than the `hard' method. Although many scholars had done much work in the two-level FMRF segmentation, we improved the algorithm from two-level to multi-level and gave more clear and reasonable threshold definitions for hard and fuzzy MRF. The first part of our work involves definitions of the multi-level FMRF and standards for hard and fuzzy MRF. Then we apply the simulated annealing (SA) and expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms to search global optimal resolutions and estimate unknown parameters. Finally the segmentation experiments of two SAR images demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient to distinguish interlaced edges or mixed areas and successful to restrain noise
Somatostatin receptors on rat cerebrocortical membranes. Structural characterization of somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 receptors and comparison with pancreatic type receptors. (1988)

Somatostatin binding and cross-linking to its receptors on rat cerebrocortical membranes were characterized with [125I-Tyr1]somatostatin-14 and [125I-Leu8, D-Trp22, Tyr25]somatostatin-28. When [125I-Tyr1]somatostatin-14 was cross-linked to its receptors with the photoreactive cross-linker, N-(5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyloxy)succinimide, the hormone was specifically associated with a Mr = 72,000 protein band in the presence or absence of reducing agents. Affinity labeling of the Mr = 72,000 protein band was decreased with increasing concentrations of unlabeled somatostatin-14 and nonhydrolyzable guanine nucleotide analog, guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p). Pretreatment of cerebrocortical membranes with islet-activating protein resulted in a decrease in subsequent labeled somatostatin-14 binding and affinity-labeling of the protein and abolished an inhibitory effect of somatostatin-14 on vasoactive intestinal peptide-stimulated increase in adenylate cyclase activity. When the affinity-labeled protein was solubilized with Zwittergent 3-12 and adsorbed to wheat germ agglutinin-agarose, it was eluted by N-acetylglucosamine. [125I-Leu8, D-Trp22, Tyr25]somatostatin-28 cross-linking to cerebrocortical and pancreatic membranes with the same photoreactive agent revealed specifically labeled protein bands of a Mr = 74,000 in cerebrocortical membranes and a Mr = 94,000 in pancreatic membranes, respectively. These results suggest that: 1) somatostatin receptor on cerebrocortical membranes is a monomeric glycoprotein with a Mr = 70,000 binding subunit, coupled to guanine nucleotide regulatory protein, and 2) the Mr = 70,000 protein may be a common receptor for somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-14 and is distinct from a common pancreatic type receptor.
La Autopercepción de la Formación Universitaria: Evaluación y Calidad (2016)

Este artículo muestra una investigación en torno a la opinión del estudiante sobre la calidad de la Universidad. La autopercepción de la formación universitaria constituye el núcleo central de la encuesta aplicada, donde se recogen tanto los aspectos fuertes como los puntos débiles apreciados, además de las sugerencias de mejora de la misma. Distintos factores de entrada, proceso y producto son valorados por los y las estudiantes en un tipo de encuesta no usual dentro de los instrumentos de recogida de datos para los indicadores referidos a alumnado en la evaluación de calidad universitaria.Palabras clave: Evaluación educativa, indicadores de calidad, estudiante universitario, autopercepción. This article shows an investigation concerning the opinion of the student about the quality of the University. The self perception of the higher education constitutes the central nucleus of the applied survey, where the strong aspects are gathered so much as the weak valued points, besides the suggestions of improvement of the same one. Different factors of entry, process and product are valued by the students at a type of not usual survey inside the instruments of withdrawal of information for the indicators recounted to student body at the evaluation of university quality.keywords: Educative evaluation, quality indicators, university student, self perception.
On-line measuring method of high-power IGBT collector current (2014)

The on-line measurement of the high-power IGBT collector current is important to the hierarchical control and short-circuit and overcurrent protection of its driver and the sensorless control of the converter. The conventional on-line measurement methods for IGBT collector current are not suitable for engineering measurement such devices as the large-size, high-cost, low-efficiency sensor, current transformer or divider, etc. Based on the gate driver, the paper uses a resistance capacity circuit paralleled with the IGBT power emitter and auxiliary emitter terminals to fulfil the IGBT collector current on-line estimation by measuring the capacity voltage. The theoretical analysis verifies the feasibility of this method. However, the very small resistance of IGBT power emitter leads to the narrow bandwidth of the estimated current. The improved method is adopted to increase the accuracy of current estimation and solve the problem of narrow bandwidth existing in the high-power IGBT steady-state collector current. The simulation and experiment results prove the method to feasible and effective.
“Inactive” Ingredients in Pharmaceutical Products: Update (Subject Review) (1997)

Because of an increasing number of reports of adverse reactions associated with pharmaceutical excipients, in 1985 the Committee on Drugs issued a position statement recommending that the Food and Drug Administration mandate labeling of over-the-counter and prescription formulations to include a qualitative list of inactive ingredients. However, labeling of inactive ingredients remains voluntary. Adverse reactions continue to be reported, although some are no longer considered clinically significant, and other new reactions have emerged. The original statement, therefore, has been updated and its information expanded.
Phase composition control of calcium phosphate nanoparticles for tunable drug delivery kinetics and treatment of osteomyelitis. I. Preparation and drug release (2012)

Developed in this study is a multifunctional material for simultaneous osseoinduction and drug delivery, potentially applicable in the treatment of osteomyelitis. It is composed of agglomerates of nanoparticles of calcium phosphate (CAP) with different monophasic contents. The drug-loading capacity and the release kinetics were investigated on two model drug compounds with different chemical structures, sizes, and adsorption propensities: bovine serum albumin and fluorescein. Loading of CAP powders with small molecule drugs was achieved by physisorption and desiccation-induced agglomeration of nanoparticulate subunits into microscopic blocks. The material dissolution rate and the drug release rate depended on the nature of the CAP phase, decreasing from monocalcium phosphate to monetite to amorphous CAP and calcium pyrophosphate to hydroxyapatite. The sustained release of the two model drugs was shown to be directly relatable to the degradation rate of CAP carriers. It was demonstrated that the degradation rate of the carrier and the drug release kinetics could be made tunable within the time scale of 1-2 h for the most soluble CAP phase, monocalcium phosphate, to 1-2 years for the least soluble one, hydroxyapatite. From the standpoint of antibiotic therapy for osteomyelitis, typically lasting for 6 weeks, the most prospective CAP powder was amorphous CAP with its release time scale for a small organic molecule, the same category to which antibiotics belong, of 1-2 months under the conditions applied in our experiments. By combining these different CAP phases in various proportions, drug release profiles could be tailored to the therapeutic occasion.
Tree damage risk factors associated with large, infrequent wind disturbances of Carolina forests (2008)

Past studies of large, infrequent wind disturbances have shown that meteorological, topographic and biological factors interact to generate complex damage patterns, but have left open the extent to which these limited past findings are representative and can be used to predict future damage. We present a multi-scale, comparative analysis to examine how risk factors change over spatial scales and to evaluate the consistency in risk factors associated with three major wind events: a North Carolina Piedmont tornado of 1988, Hurricane Hugo of 1989 and Hurricane Fran of 1996. Our results reveal that the risk factors that best explain variation in damage vary with scale of observation. Tree size and species explain damage variation at the stand scale; topographic, site and stand factors explain damage variation at the landscape scale and wind speed and precipitation explain damage variation at the regional scale. However, it is possible to integrate these factors by incorporating factors from the finer scales into coarser-scale studies. We also found distinct differences in the damage caused by the hurricanes relative to the tornado, and to some extent consistency between hurricanes.
Remaining CALM in Declarative Networking (2014)

Declarative networking is an approach where distributed computations are modeled and programmed using declarative formalisms based on extensions of Datalog. On a logical level, programs (queries) are specified over a global schema and are computed by multiple distributed computing nodes over which the input database is partitioned. These nodes can perform local computations and communicate asynchronously with each other via messages. The model operates under the assumption that messages can never be lost but can be arbitrarily delayed. An inherent source of inefficiency in such systems are the global barriers raised by the need for synchronization in computing the result of queries. This source of inefficiency inspired Hellerstein to formulate the CALM-principle which suggests a link between logical monotonicity on the one hand and distributed consistency without the need for coordination on the other hand (CALM stands for Consistency And Logical Monotonicity). A crucial property of Datalog programs (and monotone programs in general) is that derived facts must never be retracted when new data arrives. The latter implies a simple coordination-free execution strategy: every node sends all relevant data to every other node in the network and outputs new facts from the moment they can be derived. No coordination is needed and the output of all computing nodes is consistent. This observation led to the CALM-conjecture which, in its revised form, states “A query has a coordination-free execution strategy iff the query is monotone.” In this talk, we discuss the CALM-conjecture (what does it even mean to be coordination-free?) and its status: when computing nodes are increasingly more knowledgeable on how tuples are distributed, increasingly more queries can be computed in a coordination-free manner. In fact, these classes can be characterized in terms of increasingly weaker forms of monotonicity thereby adding a new dimension to The original conjecture replaced monotone by Datalog. (c) 2014, Copyright is with the authors. Published in Proc. 17th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT), March 24-28, 2014, Athens, Greece: ISBN 978-3-89318066-1, on OpenProceedings.org. Distribution of this paper is permitted under the terms of the Creative Commons license CC-by-nc-nd 4.0. the CALM-conjecture. Furthermore, we discuss novel (and more traditional) fragments of Datalog (with negation) capturing the above classes. At the end, we point out future directions and challenges for the community.
Infrared Spectra of the Nitrile N-Oxides: Some New Furoxans (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared Spectra of the Nitrile N-Oxides: Some New FuroxansRICHARD H. WILEY and B. J. WAKEFIELDCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 4, 546–551Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01074a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01074a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views703Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spectral Analysis for Detection of Leaks in Pipes Carrying Compressed Air (2013)

Pipe networks constitute the means of transporting fluids widely used nowadays. Increasing the operational reliability of these systems is crucial to minimize the risk of leaks, which can cause serious pollution problems to the environment and have disastrous consequences if the leak occurs near residential areas. Considering the importance in developing efficient systems for detecting leaks in pipelines, this work aims to detect the characteristic frequencies (predominant) in case of leakage and no leakage. The methodology consisted of capturing the experimental data through a microphone installed inside the pipeline and coupled to a data acquisition card and a computer. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was used as the mathematical approach to the signal analysis from the microphone, generating a frequency response (spectrum) which reveals the characteristic frequencies for each operating situation. The tests were carried out using distinct sizes of leaks, situations without leaks and cases with blows in the pipe caused by metal instruments. From the leakage tests, characteristic peaks were found in the FFT frequency spectrum using the signal generated by the microphone. Such peaks were not observed in situations with no leaks. Therewith, it was realized that it was possible to distinguish, through spectral analysis, an event of leakage from an event without leakage.
Opportunistic storage maintenance (2015)

Storage systems rely on maintenance tasks, such as backup and layout optimization, to ensure data availability and good performance. These tasks access large amounts of data and can significantly impact foreground applications. We argue that storage maintenance can be performed more efficiently by prioritizing processing of data that is currently cached in memory. Data can be cached either due to other maintenance tasks requesting it previously, or due to overlapping foreground I/O activity.
Clinical Significance of Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Early Stage of Traumatic Hyphema (2010)

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Characterization of the Noise Induced by Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Distributed Sensing (2020)

The excess noise due to stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in gain and loss-based Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers (BOTDA) has been investigated theoretically and experimentally for the first time to the best of our knowledge. This investigation provides a full insight to the SBS-induced noise distribution, which mainly comes from phase-to-intensity conversion noise and the beating noise between the probe wave and spontaneous Brillouin scattering. A complete theoretical model, which is in good agreement with the experimental results, is presented to describe the noise. The results show that a loss-based BOTDA setup gives a better noise performance than a gain-based one in both time and frequency domain. The SBS-induced noise has been characterized in dependence on the pump and probe power and the spatial resolution.
Down-regulation of the cyclin E1 oncogene expression by microRNA-16-1 induces cell cycle arrest in human cancer cells (2009)

Cyclin E1 (CCNE1), a positive regulator of the cell cycle, controls the transition of cells from G1 to S phase. In numerous human tumors, however, CCNE1 expression is frequently dysregulated, while the mechanism leading to its dysregulation remains incompletely defined. Herein, we showed that CCNE1 expression was subject to post-transcriptional regulation by a microRNA miR-16-1. This was evident at protein level of CCNE1 as well as its mRNA level. Further evident by dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that two evolutionary conserved binding sites on 3' UTR of CCNE1 were the direct functional target sites. Moreover, we showed that miR-16-1 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by targeting CCNE1 and siRNA against CCNE1 partially phenocopied miR-16-1-induced cell cycle phenotype whereas substantially rescued anti-miR-16-1- induced phenotype. Together, all these results demonstrate that miR-16-1 plays a vital role in modulating cellular process in human cancers and indicate the therapeutic potential of miR-16-1 in cancer therapy.
Digital Autotuning System for Inductor Current Sensing in Voltage Regulation Module Applications (2008)

Inductor current sensing is becoming widely used in current programmed controllers for microprocessor applications. This method exploits a low-pass filter in parallel with the inductor to provide lossless current sense. A major drawback of inductor current sensing is that accurate sense the dc and ac components of the current signal requires precise matching between the low-pass filter time constant and the inductor time constant (L/R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> ). However, matching accuracy depends on the tolerance of the components and on the operating conditions; therefore it can hardly be guaranteed. To overcome this problem, a novel digital autotuning system is proposed that automatically compensates any time constant mismatch. This autotuning system has been developed for voltage regulator module (VRM) current programmed controllers. It makes it possible to meet the adaptive voltage positioning requirements using conventional and low cost components, and to solve problems such as aging effects, temperature variations, and process tolerances as well. A prototype of the autotuning system based on a field-programmable gate array and a commercial dc/dc controller has been designed and tested. The experimental results fully confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing an improvement of the current sense precision from about 30% up to 4%. This innovative solution is suitable to fulfill the challenging accuracy specifications required by the future VRM applications.
Adjuvant properties of meningococcal outer membrane vesicles and the use of adjuvants in<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>protein vaccines (2011)

Efforts to develop a meningococcal vaccine that will include coverage against serogroup B disease have largely focused on outer membrane protein antigens. The protection offered by currently licensed outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines is specific to epidemic strains as their immunodominant antigens are highly variable. Many new developmental vaccines use multiple-antigen components to improve coverage, but these are often not very immunogenic without an effective adjuvant. In this article, some proposed mechanisms of adjuvant action are discussed, particularly with respect to use in developmental meningococcal vaccines. Many of these vaccines use OMVs as vaccine components, and the inherent adjuvant properties of these vesicles will also be discussed. As few adjuvants are currently licensed for use in humans, and predicting clinical efficacy from preclinical investigations is difficult, it is likely that OMVs will continue to be used for their adjuvant properties in meningococcal vaccine development in the near future.
A noninvasive technique for detecting obstructive and central sleep apnea (1997)

A new noninvasive method to detect obstructive and central sleep apnea [(OSA) and (CSA)] events is described. Data were collected from ten volunteer subjects with a previous diagnosis of OSA while they were titrated for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Apneic events were identify by analyzing of estimated airway impedance determined from pressure and airflow signals delivered from CPAP. To enhance performance of this technique, a single-frequency (5 Hz with 0.5 cmH2O peak-to-peak amplitude) probing signal was superimposed on the applied CPAP pressure. The results indicated that estimated airway impedance during OSA (mean: 17.9, SD: 3.4, N = 50) was significantly higher then during CSA (mean: 4.1, SD: 1.7, N = 50). When the estimated impedance of OSA and CSA events were compared to a fixed threshold, 100% of all events can be correctly categorized. These results indicate that it may be possible to diagnose OSA and CSA noninvasively based upon this technique. The instrument and the algorithm required are relatively simple and can be incorporated in a home-based device. If this method was used for prescreening apnea patients, it could reduce cost, waiting time, and discomfort associated with traditional diagnostic procedures.