gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-linking of HLA class II antigens modulates the release of tumor necrosis factor-<i>alpha</i> by the EBV-B lymphoblastoid cell line JY. (1993)

In addition to their functional role as peptide-binding proteins HLA class II Ag can also act as signal-transducing molecules. The present study showed that cross-linking of HLA class II Ag by the anti-HLA-DR mAb L243 or by the anti-HLA-DR,-DP mAb IVA12 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the release of TNF-alpha by the EBV-B lymphoblastoid cell line JY. In contrast, the anti-HLA-DR mAb 2.06 or the superantigens staphylococcal exotoxin toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 and staphylococcal enterotoxin B that bind to HLA-DR,-DQ Ag did not affect the release of TNF-alpha by JY cells. The accumulation of TNF-alpha in the culture medium of JY cells peaked at 24 h, decreased thereafter, and was found to be dependent on the dose of mAb L243 or mAb IVA12 used to cross-link HLA class II Ag. mAb L243 or staphylococcal exotoxin toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 enhanced the spontaneous homotypic aggregation of JY cells and mediated a dose-dependent inhibition of JY cell proliferation. These phenomena were not mediated by TNF-alpha released in response to cross-linking of HLA class II Ag; polyclonal anti-TNF-alpha neutralizing antibody did not affect JY cell aggregation and the inhibition of JY cell proliferation mediated by mAb L243. In contrast, TNF-alpha secreted by JY cells enhanced a nuclear factor-kB-like activity through the binding to the 75-kDa TNF-alpha receptor. These results demonstrate an additional role of HLA class II Ag as signal-transducing molecules regulating the production of bioactive TNF-alpha by EBV-B cells. The release of TNF-alpha after the triggering of HLA class II molecules could be relevant to different aspects of B cell biology and might play a role in the pathogenesis of human diseases in which antibodies cross-reactive to HLA class II Ag have been identified.
Characterization of micromachined acoustic ejector and its applications (2003)

This paper presents the performance characterization and optimization of micromachined acoustic ejectors (MACE) and their application in micro propulsion and gas pumping. The MACE array utilizes forced Helmholtz resonators coupled with an acoustic ejector to produce high-speed micro-jets at resonance. A micro-jet with "near-field" velocity of /spl sim/0.8 m/sec is measured by hot-wire anemometry. An average thrust of 1.35/spl mu/N per ejector has been obtained consistent with the prediction by theory. A visualized air column longer than 10cm is also demonstrated with an equivalent pumping rate of 54 ml/min per ejector (/spl sim/1600/spl mu/m/spl times/1600/spl mu/m). The resonators have been consistently operating for more than 6,000,000,000 cycles without failure.
Preliminary evaluation of measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen level in detection of prostate cancer. (1987)

The measurement was evaluated of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) levels for early detection of prostate cancer on a potentially high-risk group. A PSA level at 5.0 ng per ml and PAP at 4.0 ng per ml were chosen as the cut-off levels. Results obtained for PSA and PAP can be divided into three groups: Group I, with normal levels of PSA and PAP; Group II, with elevated PSA but normal PAP level; and Group III, with elevated levels of both PSA and PAP. Forty-five of 46 patients in Group I were diagnosed as normal, while 70 out of 99 patients in Group II were categorized as having prostatic carcinoma with stages ranging from A1 to D, and nine of nine patients in Group III had stage D carcinoma. Our results also indicated that the measurement of PSA had a greater sensitivity than that of PAP and that PSA measurement could be a valuable adjunct to the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
40 and 20 Gbit/s monolithic integrated clock recoveryusing a fully-balanced narrowband regenerative frequency divider with 0.2 µmAlGaAs/GaAs HEMTs (1996)

A 40 and 20 Gbit/s clock recovery IC has been realised by using a fully-balanced narrowband regenerative frequency divider with 0.2 µm AlGaAs/GaAs HEMTs. The recovered clock signal has a time jitter of 2 ps at 20 GHz. The 2 × 1.5 mm2 IC needs ~300 mW DC power at –3.3 V supply.
A low complexity fast lattice reduction algorithm for MIMO detection (2012)

Based on the well known Lenstra Lenstra Lovász (LLL) algorithm, we propose a possible swap LLL algorithm (P-SLLL) for lattice reduction aided (LRA) MIMO detection in this paper. The reduction process of the new algorithm is modified by searching for the next column swap through the whole basis, instead of the sequential implementation in the original LLL algorithm. Two different searching criteria are proposed, i.e. the random selection criterion and the optimal swap selection criterion. Comparing to the LLL algorithm, the PSLLL algorithm enjoys fast termination property and lower computational complexity, which can benefit practical hardware implementation. Simulation results prove our analysis and show that PSLLL aided linear MIMO detectors achieve the same performance as the LLL aided methods.
Secure TRNG with random phase stimulation (2017)

In this paper a novel TRNG concept is proposed which is a vital part of cryptographic systems. The proposed TRNG involves phase variability of a pair of ring oscillators (ROs) to force the multiple metastable events in a flip-flop (FF). In the solution, the ROs are periodically activated to ensure the violation of the FF timing and resultant state randomness, while the TRNG circuit adapts the structure of ROs to obtain the maximum entropy and circuit security. The TRNG can be implemented in inexpensive re-programmable devices (CPLDs or FPGAs) without the use of Digital Clock Managers (DCMs). Preliminary test results proved the circuit's immunity to the intentional frequency injection attacks.
Insight Into the Aggravated Lifetime Reliability in Advanced MOSFETs With Strained-Si Channels on SiGe Strain-Relaxed Buffers Due to Self-Heating (2008)

This brief compares the quality of ultrathin SiON dielectrics of nMOSFETs grown on strained-Si layers with both thin and thick SiGe strain-relaxed buffers (SRBs). The gate leakage in the strained-Si samples is found to be temperature-dependent, suggesting that the leakage is dominated by trap-assisted tunneling. The aggravated temperature-dependent gate leakage, along with the issue of self-heating, is demonstrated to have devastating consequences on the long-term lifetime reliability of the devices. However, the thin SRB samples exhibit a 20 improvement in lifetime, compared with the thick SRB samples, due to the lower thermal resistance of the former. This brief demonstrates the importance of reducing the device thermal resistance as power-dissipation levels continue to rise if lifetime-reliability requirements are to be met.
Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics: II, Warm‐Temperature Process for Alumina Ceramics (2003)

This is the second of three papers on a dissolution model that describes the formation of chemically bonded phosphate ceramics. In this paper, we discuss the kinetics of formation of aluminum phosphate ceramics between 100° and 150°C. Using basic thermodynamic formulations, we calculated the temperatures of maximum solubility of alumina and its hydrated phases and predicted the temperatures of formation of ceramics. Differential thermal and X‐ray diffraction analyses on samples made in the laboratory confirm these temperatures. The resulting ceramics of alumina bonded with aluminum phosphate (berlinite) show a high compressive strength of 16 000 psi. We have concluded that rapid evaporation of excess water in the slurry generates porosity in the ceramics, and that better processing methods are needed. A consolidation model is presented that describes the microstructure of the ceramic. It predicts that a very small amount of alumina must be converted to form the bonding phase; hence, the product is mostly alumina with a thin coating of berlinite on the surface of alumina particles.
FIR filter-based online jerk-controlled trajectory generation (2016)

This paper presents a novel approach to generate online jerk-limited trajectories for multi-DOF robotic systems. Finite Impulse Response filters are used to efficiently turn low computational cost acceleration-limited profiles into jerk-limited profiles. Starting from a new setpoint, e.g. an event given by external sensors, and an arbitrary state of motion, i.e. with non-zero initial velocity and acceleration values, the proposed method can generate different shapes of jerk profile, including time-optimal and fixed-time jerk-limited trajectories. A new definition of the velocity, acceleration and jerk kinematic limits can be instantaneously taken into account during the motion. Moreover, the very low calculation time (less than 1 microsecond) makes it possible to easily control a multi-DOF system during one control cycle (classically about 1 millisecond), while preserving time for other computer processing. The algorithm is experimentally tested on the new 7-DOF industrial robot KUKA LWR iiwa.
Disruptive design solutions for frequency generation in silicon RFIC (2005)

This paper presents some new approaches for frequency generation in silicon RF integrated circuits, from either the circuit or the architecture point of view. While a phase locked loop (PLL) is classically brought into play whenever a frequency synthesis is needed, the design of key building blocks such as the RF frequency divider is a very challenge. Concerning the latter, the synchronized ring oscillator (SRO), which provides dual-modulus division at frequency above 20 GHz while consuming little power, is presented. Alternative solutions to the classical PLL, such as injection locked oscillator (ILO) and factorial delay locked loop (F-DLL) are presented as well. Advantages and drawbacks of these approaches are discussed, based upon simulation and experimental measurements.
Ferrofluidic adaptive mirrors (2006)

A magnetic liquid mirror based on ferrofluids was demonstrated. Magnetic liquid mirrors represent a major departure from solid mirror technology. They present both advantages and disadvantages with respect to established technologies. Stroke (from a fraction of a wave to several hundreds of micrometers), cost (a few dollars per actuator), and scalability (hundreds of thousands of actuators) are the main advantages. Very large mirrors having diameters of the order of a meter should be feasible. There are a few disadvantages. The most important disadvantage is the time response, which is of the order of a few milliseconds. Although this time response could be further decreased with additional technical developments, it is unlikely to match the speed of solid mirrors. The technology is still in its infancy, and considerable work must still be done. However, the advantages are such that the technology is worth pursuing.
Pulsed dc magnetron discharge for high-rate sputtering of thin films (2001)

This article analyzes a pulsed magnetron discharge. Main attention is devoted to the specific behavior of the pulsed discharge. The time development of pulsed discharge is composed of three regimes of operation: (1) plasma buildup, (2) stationary plasma, and (3) decaying plasma when the pulse power is off. The duration of individual regimes strongly depends on the pulse length t1, the repetition frequency fr of pulses, the power delivered into the discharge, and the operating pressure. The proportion of duration of the regime of plasma buildup to the regime of stationary plasma in the pulse dramatically influences the I–V characteristics of the pulsed discharge and the deposition rate of sputtered films. The I–V characteristics of an unbalanced round planar magnetron with a Cu target 100 mm in diameter are shown. The deposition rate of Cu films sputtered with the pulsed magnetron is also given.
Multifactor Authentication: Its Time Has Come (2013)

IntroductionThe last year has brought news of a number of prominent security breaches centered on authentication, with, in some cases, severe consequences. A not uncommon pattern is a revelation that some server has been hacked and a large number of account passwords have been potentially exposed. Potentially because while we know files containing things such as password
Mirror orientation selection (MOS): a method for eliminating false positive clones from libraries generated by suppression subtractive hybridization (2000)

Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) is one of the most powerful and popular methods for isolating differentially expressed transcripts. However, SSH-generated libraries typically contain some background clones representing non-differentially expressed transcripts. To overcome this problem we developed a simple procedure that substantially decreases the number of background clones. This method is based on the following difference between target and background cDNAs: each kind of background molecule has only one orientation with respect to the two different flanking adapter sequences used in SSH, while truly differentially expressed target cDNA fragments are represented by both sequence orientations. The described method selects the molecules that arose due to hybridization of such mirror-orientated molecules. The efficiency of this method was demonstrated in both model and real experimental subtractions.
Molecular Weight Effects in Adhesion (1999)

Adhesion of poly(dimethylsiloxane) cross-linked networks to silicon oxide surfaces was studied using the Johnson−Kendall−Roberts method of contact mechanics. An increase in adhesion hysteresis was observed in the order of increasing molecular weight between cross-links. The log/log plots of energy release rates, G, vs molecular weights (Mn), for different crack propagation rates (−da/dt), gave a family of straight lines, with their slopes increasing with increasing −da/dt. When a plot of the slopes vs crack propagation rates was extrapolated to −da/dt = 0, it was found that the slope at zero velocity is equal to 0.47, in agreement with the 1/2 power predicted by de Gennes (C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 1995, 320, 193). On the other hand, when the network was kept for 30 min at maximum load before unloading, the scaling factor was 1/3. This decrease in scaling factor is attributed to the molecular weight dependence of network relaxation rates. The results suggest that the polymer chain in a network, when in contact with a surface under conditions close to equilibrium, behaves like a chain in a polymer melt near a surface.
Mycovirus-Like DNA Virus Sequences from Cattle Serum and Human Brain and Serum Samples from Multiple Sclerosis Patients (2014)

Myco-like viruses have been isolated from fungi, feces of various animals, and plant leaves. We report here the isolation of 3 complete genome sequences of gemycircularvirus-related viruses from healthy bovine serum and human brain and serum samples from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Their putative capsid proteins share similarity to Torque teno virus (TTV) open reading frame 1 (ORF1) proteins.
Broadband to the home: a Bell Atlantic perspective (2002)

The residential gateway (RG) is a critical element in offering residential broadband services. An RG provides the interface between customer premise equipment (CPE) and the network provider's residential access network. This paper examines the impact of two broadband services on RG functionality: high speed data service and video service. Sample protocol architectures capable of supporting these services are analyzed to assess the types of RG functionality required. Based on this work, it is concluded that RG functionality should be viewed as a strategic issue for companies offering broadband services.
Plasma etching of chrome masks using PBS resist (1990)

Standard PBS can be used as a plasma etch mask. In the three layer system PBS /antireflective chrome oxide! chrome the PBS layer only exhibits a strong dependency on temperature. PBS is stabilized by cooling whereas the etch rates of chrome oxide and chrome remain practically unaffected by lowering the temperature. The resulting edge slope of the chrome is thus a function of etch rates of the three layers. A selectivity of 1:1:1 (PBS:CrxOy:Cr) leads to the reproduction of the starting PBS slope into the CrO/Cr slope. Therefore standard PBS structures with the usual flat foot of the Srn-shaped slope need a strong descum step prior to plasma etching.
Microbial diversity in a full-scale anaerobic reactor treating high concentration organic cassava wastewater (2012)

Microbial characteristics in the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) of a full-scale high concentration cassava alcohol wastewater plant capable of anaerobic hydrocarbon removal were analyzed using cultivation-independent molecular methods. Forty-five bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 24 archaeal OTUs were identified by building 16S rRNA gene of bacterial and archaeal clone libraries. Most bacterial OTUs were identified as phyla of Firmicutes (53.3%), Chloroflexi (20.0%), Proteobacteria (11.1%), Bacteroidetes (6.7%) and a candidate division (2.2%). Methanosaeta (57.5%) were the most abundant archaeal group, followed by Methanobacterium (10.6%), Methanomethylovorans (8.5%) and Methanosarcina (6.4%). Most bacterial species take charge of cellulolysis, proteolysis, acidogenesis and homo-acetogenesis; the most methanogens were typical hydrogenotrophic or hydrogenotrophic/aceticlastic. This study revealed a succession of both bacterial and archaeal populations during the trial, which could be linked to operational adaptation of high concentration organic cassava wastewater.
Fracture Evaluation from Quantitative Azimuthal Resistivities (1993)

Abstract The ARI* Azimuthal Resistivity Imager is a standard laterolog equipped with an additional segmented electrode. This segmented electrode provides twelve deep calibrated azimuthal resistivity measurements. As any electrical device, the ARI tool is sensitive to fractures filled with conductive fluid. Finite-element modeling was performed to study the tool response to fractures. It shows that techniques similar to those used to characterize fractures with the FMI* Fullbore Formation Microlmagcr can be used with the ARI tool. But it also demonstrates that the extension of the fracture (or the length of mud invasion for an oil filled fracture) and its width (aperture) are equally important parameters when characterizing the fracture. From the resistivity image, the geometry of the fracture (dip and azimuth) can be computed. A lower limit of the fracture aperture and a lower limit of the fracture extension can be estimated from the azimuthal resistivities. Log examples illustrate the proposed technique.
The brain of a new machine (2010)

MoNETA (Modular Neural Exploring Traveling Agent) is the software we're designing at Boston University's department of cognitive and neural systems, which will run on a braininspired microprocessor under development at HP Labs in California. It will function according to the principles that distinguish us mammals most profoundly from our fast but witless machines.MoNETA is a technology that will lead to a true artificial intelligence.
Managing Wire Delay in Large Chip-Multiprocessor Caches (2005)

In response to increasing (relative) wire delay, architects have proposed various technologies to manage the impact of slow wires on large uniprocessor L2 caches. Block migration (e.g., D-NUCA and NuRapid) reduces average hit latency by migrating frequently used blocks towards the lower-latency banks. Transmission Line Caches (TLC) use on-chip transmission lines to provide low latency to all banks. Traditional stride-based hardware prefetching strives to tolerate, rather than reduce, latency. Chip multiprocessors (CMPs) present additional challenges. First, CMPs often share the on-chip L2 cache, requiring multiple ports to provide sufficient bandwidth. Second, multiple threads mean multiple working sets, which compete for limited on-chip storage. Third, sharing code and data interferes with block migration, since one processor's low-latency bank is another processor's high-latency bank. In this paper, we develop L2 cache designs for CMPs that incorporate these three latency management techniques. We use detailed full-system simulation to analyze the performance trade-offs for both commercial and scientific workloads. First, we demonstrate that block migration is less effective for CMPs because 40-60% of L2 cache hits in commercial workloads are satisfied in the central banks, which are equally far from all processors. Second, we observe that although transmission lines provide low latency, contention for their restricted bandwidth limits their performance. Third, we show stride-based prefetching between L1 and L2 caches alone improves performance by at least as much as the other two techniques. Finally, we present a hybrid design-combining all three techniques-that improves performance by an additional 2% to 19% over prefetching alone.
An Essay on Software Reuse (1984)

This paper explores software reuse. It discusses briefly some economic incentives for developing effective software reuse technology and notes that different kinds of software reuse, such as direct use without modification and reuse of abstract software modules after refinement, have different technological implications. It sketches some problem areas to be addressed if we are to achieve the goal of devising practical software reuse systems. These include information retrieval problems and finding effective methods to aid us in understanding how programs work. There is a philosophical epilogue which stresses the importance of having realistic expectations about the benefits of software reuse.
Clinical and Laboratory Studies of Live Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Ad-169 (1979)

Live strain Ad-169 vaccine was prepared in human diploid cell strain WI-38 and studied clinically in 43 adult male priests and seminarians. All seronegative persons who were vaccinated developed antibody, and the immune adherence and neutralizing antibodies persisted at high levels for at least one year. Clinical reactions were minor consisting mainly of soreness, induration, and erythema at the injection site and mild systemic reaction including headache, chills, fatigue, myalgia, and fever in a few persons. It was not possible to recover virus from the peripheral leukocytes, urine, or throat of seronegative persons who were vaccinated. Susceptible persons who were in contact with the vaccinated persons failed both to excrete virus and to develop antibody indicating lack of contagious spread of the vaccine virus. Continuing investigations to measure the safety and efficacy of the vaccine seem highly justified in view of the importance of the virus in fetal damage, transfusion disease, and organ transplantation.