gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image space gathering (2009)

Soft shadows, glossy reflections and depth of field are valuable effects for realistic rendering and are often computed using distribution ray tracing (DRT). These "blurry" effects often need not be accurate and are sometimes simulated by blurring an image with sharper effects, such as blurring hard shadows to simulate soft shadows. One of the most effective examples of such a blurring algorithm is percentage closer soft shadows (PCSS). That technique, however, does not naturally extend to shadows generated in image space, such as those computed by a ray tracer, nor does it extend to glossy reflections or depth of field. This limitation can be overcome by generalizing PCSS to be phrased in terms of a gather from image space textures implemented with cross bilateral filtering. This paper demonstrates a framework to create visually compelling and phenomenologically accurate approximations of DRT effects based on repeatedly gathering from bilaterally weighted image space texture samples. These gathering and filtering operations are well supported by modern parallel architectures, enabling this technique to run at interactive rates.
Phylogenetic Placement of Community Members of Human Colonic Biota (1997)

The human colonic biota is a natural community of bacteria that are not only symbiotic but constitute an important host defense. Extensive work done two decades ago led to the conclusion that the colonic ecosystem consists of phylogenetically diverse taxa including both gram-positive and gram-negative elements. However, it has been possible only recently to accurately determine the phylogeny of these organisms and to study them without using culture-based methods. In a recent study of the human colonic biota in which standard nonselective culture methods were compared with amplification and cloning of rDNA [1], both methods were found to be biased, but both detected organisms with similar phylogenetic distributions. Most of the organisms fell into only four clusters. Two of those clusters were the genera Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. The other two clusters fell into two separate branches of the phylogenetic tree containing organisms that have been classified in several different genera including Clostridium, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Ruminococcus. Studies of other bacterial communities have also generally shown limited phylogenetic diversity within an ecosystem. Herein, we more precisely map the organisms found in the above-mentioned rDNA-based study of one healthy volunteer and compare the results with the placement of organisms found in earlier investigations involving the nonselective isolation and identification of human colonic biota. In earlier studies, Moore and Holdeman [2] and Holdeman et al. [3] described the numerically predominant biota of 20 Japanese Hawaiians and three astronauts. The standard for placement of all organisms in the present study was their location in the phylogenetic tree generated in the May 1995 release of the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) data base [4]. The placement of organisms that belonged to named taxa available in the RDP was established by determining their phylogenetic location in that reference. Organisms not present in the RDP but with available sequences were placed by using the Genetic Data Environment software package on a Sun Sparcstation 2 data base (Sun Microsystems, Mountain View, CA) to align their sequences with those of known organisms. Aligned sequences were analyzed phylogenetically in the same software package running a parsimony analysis. As shown in table 1, all the studies cited gave similar results in that most of the biomass found in the human colon fell into just four phylogenetic clusters. Cluster 1 consisted of the genus Bacteroides, well known as accounting for more than one-quarter of all isolates [2, 3, 5]; this genus falls on two contiguous branches of the RDP tree. The genus Bifidobacterium was designated as cluster 2. Bifidobacterium falls into one RDP group of gram-positive bacteria with a high guanine plus cytosine (G + C) content,
Framework for Metric Composition (2010)

This memo describes a framework for composing and aggregating metrics
(both in time and in space) defined by RFC 2330 and developed by the
IPPM working group. The framework describes the generic composition
and aggregation mechanisms. It provides a basis for additional
documents that implement this framework for detailed, and practically
useful, compositions and aggregations of metrics.
Ultrahigh Performance Nanoengineered Graphene–Concrete Composites for Multifunctional Applications (2018)

Abstract There is a constant drive for development of ultrahigh performance multifunctional construction materials by the modern engineering technologies. These materials have to exhibit enhanced durability and mechanical performance, and have to incorporate functionalities that satisfy multiple uses in order to be suitable for future emerging structural applications. There is a wide consensus in the research community that concrete, the most used construction material worldwide, has to be engineered at the nanoscale, where its chemical and physiomechanical properties can be truly enhanced. Here, an innovative multifunctional nanoengineered concrete showing an unprecedented range of enhanced properties when compared to standard concrete, is reported. These include an increase of up to 146% in the compressive and 79.5% in the flexural strength, whilst at the same time an enhanced electrical and thermal performance is found. A surprising decrease in water permeability by nearly 400% compared to normal concrete makes this novel composite material ideally suitable for constructions in areas subject to flooding. The unprecedented gamut of functionalities that are reported in this paper are produced by the addition of water‐stabilized graphene dispersions, an advancement in the emerging field of nanoengineered concrete which can be readily applied in a more sustainable construction industry.
Lactam-Conformationally Restricted Analogs of N.ALPHA.-Arylsulfonyl Arginine Amide: Design, Synthesis and Inhibitory Activity toward Thrombin and Related Enzymes. (1995)

Three new lactam-conformationally restricted arginine derivatives, 1-butyl-3-(6,7-dimethoxy-2-naphthylsulfonyl)-3-(3-guanidinoprop yl)-substituted gamma-, delta-, and epsilon-lactams (2-4), were synthesized on the basis of backbone modification of the lead structure, 6,7-dimethoxy-2-naphthylsulfonylarginine n-butylmethylamide (1). We tested these compounds for inhibitory activity toward thrombin and other trypsin-like enzymes (trypsin, factor Xa, plasmin, and kallikrein). All the compounds synthesized (1-4) potently inhibited thrombin with IC50 values of 0.75, 0.70, 0.92, and 3.2 microM, respectively; they inhibited thrombin over 40-fold more effectively than the other enzymes tested. The gamma-lactam (2) with the most profound inhibitory activity toward thrombin was a reversible inhibitor with a Ki of 0.26 microM. Compound 2 also showed better thrombin selectivity than the lead compound (1). The lactam-conformational restriction of arylsulfonylarginine amides, especially gamma-lactam, has thus proved to be a useful device for the improvement of antithrombotic activity.
Soluble poly(1,4‐phenyleneethynylene)s (1990)

Abstract New monomers are described for the synthesis of rod‐like poly(1,4‐phenyleneethynylene)s with long flexible aliphatic side chains. By palladium catalyzed polycondensation soluble polymers with melting points around 100°C could be obtained. The molecular weight was estimated by GPC, VPO and elemental analysis: GPC showed a multimodale distribution with P n = 9–15. NMR spectra were found to be in agreement with the assumed polymer structure, but signals of the acetylenic carbons could not be detected. A broad, structureless absorption with a maximum at λ = 410 nm is seen in the UV‐VIS‐spectra. The thermal decomposition of the substituted PPE's starts at about 400°C and is comparable to that of unsubstituted PPE in air.
Generation of the Wigner distribution function of two-dimensional signals by a parallel optical processor (1984)

An optical system employing a reflective multipath scheme is implemented to generate a sectioned array of slices of the Wigner distribution function of a two-dimensional (2-D) signal. The optical system exhibits a parallel architecture, permitting the simultaneous generation and display of the N slices. Only a single transparency is needed, and no moving parts are required in the system. Experimental results on a few 2-D signals are presented.
Microstructure and Growth Model for Rice‐Hull‐Derived SiC Whiskers (1988)

The microstructure of silicon carbide whiskers grown from rice hulls has been studied using methods of high‐resolution analytical electron microscopy. Small, partially crystalline inclusions (∼10 nm) containing calcium, manganese, and oxygen are concentrated in whisker core regions, while peripheral regions are generally inclusion free. The distinct microphase distribution is evidence of a two‐stage growth process in which the core region grows first, followed by normal growth toward whisker sides. Partial dislocations extend radially from the core region to the surface and tend to be paired in V‐shaped configurations. Whisker surfaces exhibit microroughness due to a tendency to develop small facets on close‐packed planes. The microstructural data obtained from TEM observations are used as a basis for discussion of the mechanisms involved in whisker growth, and a model of the growth process is proposed. The model includes a two‐dimensional growth mechanism involving vapor, liquid, and solid phases, although it is significantly different from the classical vapor‐liquid‐solid (VLS) process of whisker growth.
Toward a rational design of β‐peptide structures (2005)

Intrinsic conformational characteristics of beta-peptides built up from simple achiral and chiral beta-amino acid residues (i.e., HCO-beta-Ala-NH2, HCO-beta-Abu-NH2) were studied using quantum chemical calculations and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. A conformer-based systematic and uniform nomenclature was introduced to differentiate conformers. Geometry optimizations were performed on all homoconformers of both HCO-(beta-Ala)(k)-NH2 and HCO-(beta-Abu)(k)-NH2 (1 < or = k < or = 6) model systems at the RHF/3-21G and RHF/6-311++G(d, p) levels of theory. To test for accuracy and precision, additional computations were carried out at several levels of theory [e.g., RHF/6-31G(d), and B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p)]. To display the folding preference, the relative stability of selected conformers as function of the length of the polypeptide chain was determined. Ab initio population distribution of hexapeptides and the conformational ensemble of synthetic models composed of beta-Ala and beta-Abu studied using 1H-NMR in different solvents were compared at a range of temperatures. Helical preference induced by various steric effects of nonpolar side chains was tested using higher level ab initio methods for well-known model systems such as: HCO-(beta-HVal-beta-HAla-beta-HLeu)2-NH2, HCO-(ACHC)6-NH2, HCO-(trans-ACPC)6-NH2, and HCO-(cis-ACPC)6-NH2. The relative stabilities determined by theoretical methods agreed well with most experimental data, supporting the theory that the local conformational preference influenced by steric effects is a key determining factor of the global fold both in solution and in the gas phase.
Total Chemical Synthesis and X‐ray Crystal Structure of a Protein Diastereomer: [<scp>D</scp>‐Gln 35]Ubiquitin (2005)

Striking similarity: An efficient synthetic route to native ubiquitin and its diastereomer [D-Gln 35]ubiquitin was realized by combining a one-pot native chemical ligation process with protein desulfurization. High-resolution X-ray crystallographic studies of the protein diastereomer (see picture) revealed a striking conservation of molecular structure. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z463040_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Mucin gene expression in colonic tissues and cell lines. (1992)

Complementary DNA clones encoding four different mucin core peptides have been isolated. However, the expression of these mucin genes in the colon has not been systematically studied. The present investigation used Northern blot analysis to study the expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, and MUC4 mRNA in paired normal and cancerous colonic tissues, and nine colon cancer cell lines. Results were correlated with the clinicopathological features of the tumors and with the immunohistochemical expression of several carbohydrate tumor-associated antigens that may reside on mucins. MUC1 mRNA was expressed in all colonic tissues, and levels in paired normal and cancer tissues were similar in most cases. MUC2 and MUC3 mRNAs were expressed in both normal and cancer tissues, but levels were often decreased in the cancers. MUC4 mRNA was present in normal mucosa with comparable or sometimes greater expression in cancers. There was no apparent correlation between the expression of any particular mucin gene or pattern of mucin genes and the site, stage, or histological type of tumor. In addition, the expression of mucin-associated carbohydrate antigens did not correlate with any individual mucin gene or group of mucin genes. In colon cancer cell lines all four MUC genes were expressed rather weakly or not at all. These results indicate that the human colon expresses a broad repertoire of mucin genes which are differentially regulated in malignancy. Whether this differential regulation of mucin genes affect the behavior of the tumor and results in the altered glycosylation commonly seen in these requires further investigation.
Rail Upgrades Signal Higher Service Levels (2006)

This article describes some innovations in transit system signaling designed to draw a greater yield from routes through increased flexibility in routing and improved customer service. Ridership is rising in the U.S., making the rails more crowded and increasing the need to take full advantage of rail capacity. The article describes the Skytrain system in British Columbia that permits tight headways as short as 90 seconds during special events. Ridership statistics and equipment data are also included. TriMet in Portland, Oregon is limited to two-car trains, because the blocks in downtown Portland are short, but improved signaling has permitted increases in capacity despite those constraints. The type of signal used and the technology involved are also described. Baltimore has completed a double-tracking project to its light rail line, which includes signaling modifications and on-board detectors to monitor adherence to signals and override operator errors.
Dynamics of high-power erbium–ytterbium fiber amplifiers (2005)

Dynamic regimes of high-peak-power erbium–ytterbium (Er3+–Yb3+) codoped fiber amplifiers are analyzed for nanosecond-to-microsecond pulses. High-energy pulse generation requires a large-core fiber amplifier to increase energy storage and the threshold of nonlinear effects. A numerical model of large-core Er3+–Yb3+ fiber amplifiers is described. Dynamics of peak powers, amplified spontaneous emission, and population inversion are presented. Influence of radial dependence and reflections at the extremities are studied. Modeling and experimental results are compared for simple-pass and double-pass amplifier configurations. The role of parasitic reflections is highlighted. A semianalytical model is derived for low and high repetition rates.
Determination of Biological Oxidative Stress Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection (HPLC-ECD) (1999)

For three decades, high performance liquid chromatography has proven itself to be a powerful, flexible, and inexpensive tool for basic and clinical research. Recent advances in our understanding of disease have prompted a demand for more sensitive and selective methods of routine bioanalysis, particularly with respect to the determination of oxidative metabolites and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Multidimensional detectors utilizing coulometric arrays offer a solution to these research needs. The challenge to the bioanalyst is now to creatively apply HPLC-ECD technology to promising research and clinical enterprises.
Novel polyester diol obtained from PET waste and its application in the synthesis of polyurethane and carbon nanotube-based composites: swelling behavior and characteristic properties (2016)

Novel PUs and PU/CNTs were prepared from PET bottle waste and were characterized by a wide range of characterization methods.
A comparison of the antimicrobial effect of 0.5% chlorhexidine (HibistatR) and 70% isopropyl alcohol on hands contaminated with Serratia marcescens (1980)

Two antimicrobial preparations for handwashing were compared by the‘gloved handwash method’ in seventy-two subjects. The test preparation was 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate alcoholic-emollient handwash (Hibistat®); the reference agent was 70% isopropyl alcohol. The hands were contaminated with Serratia marcescens and disinfected with each antiseptic twenty-five times over an 8 h day. Bacterial counts were obtained for each hand after initial contamination, and after 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 contamination treatment procedures. There was a statistically significant reduction in recovery of S. marcescens after chlorhexidine treatment compared to alcohol (P < 0.01). When recovery of organisms was plotted against the number of handwashes, there was a significant linear reduction in transient flora for chlorhexidine treated hands (P < 0.01) but not for alcohol treated hands (P < 0.20).
DNA Fountain enables a robust and efficient storage architecture (2016)

Abstract DNA is an attractive medium to store digital information. Here, we report a storage strategy, called DNA Fountain, that is highly robust and approaches the information capacity per nucleotide. Using our approach, we stored a full computer operating system, movie, and other files with a total of 2.14 × 10 6 bytes in DNA oligos and perfectly retrieved the information from a sequencing coverage equivalent of a single tile of Illumina sequencing. We also tested a process that can allow 2.18 × 10 15 retrievals using the original DNA sample and were able to perfectly decode the data. Finally, we explored the limit of our architecture in terms of bytes per molecules and obtained a perfect retrieval from a density of 215Petabyte/gram of DNA, orders of magnitudes higher than previous techniques.
Cochlear Response Telemetry (2014)

Intracochlear responses to acoustic stimulation can be recorded directly from the CI in awake recipients with residual hearing. This may prove useful for monitoring postoperative hearing and for device fitting.
A Distributed Active Vibration Absorber (DAVA) for Active-Passive Vibration and Sound Radiation Control (1998)

This thesis presents a new active-passive treatment developed to reduce structural vibrations and their associated radiated sound. It is a contribution to the research of efficient and low cost devices that implement the advantages of active and passive noise control techniques. A theoretical model has been developed to investigate the potential of this new "active-passive distributed absorber". The model integrates new functions that make it extremely stable numerically. Using this model, a genetic algorithm has been used to optimize the shape of the active-passive distributed absorber. Prototypes have been designed and their potential investigated. The device subsequently developed can be described as a skin that can be mechanically and electrically tuned to reduce unwanted vibration and/or sound. It is constructed from the piezoelectric material polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and thin layers of lead. The tested device is designed to weight less than 10% of the main structure and has a resonance frequency around 1000 Hz. Experiments have been conducted on a simply supported steal beam (24"x2"x1/4"). Preliminary results show that the new treatment out-performs active-passive point absorbers and conventional constrained layer damping material. The compact design and its efficiency make it suitable for many applications especially in the transportation industry. This new type of distributed absorber is totally original and represent a potential breakthrough in the field of acoustics and vibration control.
Danos mecânicos associados a patógenos e desempenho de sementes de milho (2003)

As danificações provocadas nas sementes por operações mecanizadas realizadas durante a produção podem atuar negativamente na qualidade do material obtido. Essa redução qualitativa, segundo a literatura específica, pode ser agravada quando a injúria interage com microrganismos presentes na superfície das sementes ou no solo, por ocasião da semeadura. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho, realizando inoculações de patógenos e injúrias nas regiões da calota endospermática, do ápice do escutelo e da camada negra em sementes de milho (Zea mays L.), objetivou verificar as relações existentes entre as danificações mecânicas, a presença de microrganismos e o desempenho das sementes. Após a realização de testes sanitários e fisiológicos, concluiu-se que as danificações, particularmente quando Aspergillus sp. e Fusarium moniliforme se encontram presentes nas sementes, promovem prejuízos qualitativos progressivos à medida que se aproximam do embrião. Quando comparadas entre si, as interferências negativas de Aspergillus sp. e de F. moniliforme são mais evidentes do que as de Penicillium sp.
Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and Inhibition Studies of the Rv1284 β-Carbonic Anhydrase from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> with Sulfonamides and a Sulfamate (2009)

The beta-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) encoded by the gene Rv1284 (mtCA 1) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis shows appreciable catalytic activity for CO(2) hydration, with a k(cat) of 3.9 x 10(5) s(-1) and a k(cat)/K(m) of 3.7 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1). A panel of 36 sulfonamides and one sulfamate, some of which are used clinically, were assayed for their effect on mtCA 1 catalytic activity. Most sulfonamides exhibited K(I) values in the range of 1-10 microM, but several derivatives, including sulfanilyl-sulfonamides acetazolamide, methazolamide, dichlorophenamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide, benzolamide, and the sulfamate topiramate, exhibited submicromolar inhibition (K(I) values of 0.481-0.905 microM). The best inhibitors were 3-bromosulfanilamide and indisulam (K(I) values of 97-186 nM). This study demonstrates that mtCA 1 can be inhibited by sulfonamides and sulfamates and thus has potential for developing antimycobacterial agents with an alternate mechanism of action. This is an important finding to explore further, as many strains exhibit multidrug resistance and extensive multidrug resistance to existing therapeutics.
Characterization of Natural Pesticide from <i>Nicotiana gossei</i> (1994)

Field and greenhouse studies have shown that Nicotiana gossei Domin plants are resistant to attacks by the tobacco aphid, Myzus nicotianae Blackman, and the sweetpotato whitefly (SPWF), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Fractionation of the methylene chloride cuticular extract of N. gossei by solvent partitioning, followed by Sephadex LH-20 liquid chromatography, produced a sugar ester isolate, which was toxic, in laboratory and field assays, to the sweetpotato whitefly. The sugar ester isolate consists of two major types of glucose esters (1-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-acylglucose and 2,3-di-O-acylglucose) and two major types of sucrose esters (2,3-di-O-acyl-1'-O-acetylsucrose and 2,3-di-O-acyl-1',6'-di-O-acetylsucrose). The predominant acid moieties were 5-methylhexanoic and 5-methylheptanoic acids. Separation methodology, GC/MS data for the different sugar esters, and insect assay results for the N. gossei sugar esters will be discussed.