gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and structural characterization of Co immersed in Ag nanoparticles obtained by successive reactions in microemulsions (2005)

Co@Ag nanoparticles have been prepared in microemulsions by the successive reaction technique. It was observed that, under the experimental conditions of this study, the size of the Co nuclei is limited by the reactant concentration (approx.0.7 nm), whereas the Ag covering is templated by the microemulsion droplet size (approx. 7 nm). The as-prepared particles mainly contain clusters in the form of Co3O4, which evolves to Co as the samples are annealedin a reducing atmosphere at high temperatures. At temperatures >300 °C the pasivating surfactant layer decomposes with the subsequent growth of the nanoparticles, converging their properties to Co and Ag bulk.
Ion-implantation-prepared catalyst nanoparticles for growth of carbon nanotubes (2005)

This letter demonstrates the use of catalyst nanoparticles prepared by ion implantation for growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via chemical vapor deposition. Nickel ions of energy in 100keV were first implanted at room temperature into silicon dioxide to doses of 1015–1017cm−2. Postimplantation annealing was conducted to induce precipitation of implanted Ni atoms into nanoparticles. The samples were chemically etched to expose Ni nanoparticles on the surface. Finally, CNT growth on such prepared SiO2 substrates was achieved via chemical vapor deposition through decomposition of hydrocarbon. Our data show strong correlation in the size of resultant tube structures and preformed catalyst nanoparticles, with larger Ni nanoparticles resulting in larger tube diameters. This work may provide an effective way for seeding catalyst nanoparticles in high-aspect-ratio via/trench structures for growing CNTs for interconnect applications.
Power Doppler sonography in the assessment of musculoskeletal fluid collections. (1996)

Power Doppler sonography helps distinguish inflammatory and infectious musculoskeletal fluid collections from those that are noninflammatory, and it may help guide the decision to perform diagnostic aspiration. Power Doppler sonography does not reliably differentiate between inflammatory collections of infectious and noninfectious origin because collections of either origin may significantly increase adjacent soft-tissue perfusion.
The Approaches in Solving Passive RFID Tag Collision Problems (2010)

The RFID technology is a key technology toward the goal of internet of things. As RFID systems are pervasively deployed, our daily life will highly depend on the technology. High system reliability and performance will be demanded. Consequently the tag collision problems will keep drawing researcher's attention. Up-to-now most literatures use TDMA
Modelling of fibre holding elements in silicon (1999)

The mechanical behaviour of a fibre holding system is studied analytically and by using finite element analysis (FEA). The system consists of anisotropically etched v-grooves in which optical fibres are passively aligned and fixed by flexible holding beam elements along the groove sides. The holding elements have a triangular shape and constant thickness. Three different thicknesses were studied: 3, 6 and 9 µm; with tilting angles in the range of 0 to 45°.
Human Factors Considerations in the Design and Evaluation of Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs)-Version 2 (2003)

Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs) are coming into the flight deck, bringing along with them a wide range of human factors considerations. In order to understand and assess the full impact of an EFB, designers and evaluators require an understanding of how the device will function and be used by crews, how the device will interact with other flight deck equipment, and how training and operating procedures will be affected. The purpose of this report is to identify and prioritize guidance on these topics so that designers and evaluators can make informed choices. Much of the guidance in this document is general and applies to any EFB system, regardless of the applications that are supported. Application-specific guidance is also provided for electronic documents, electronic checklists, flight performance calculations, and electronic charts. In addition, information on the rapidly changing and growing market of EFB products is provided in Appendix A, and a summary of high priority guidance for equipment evaluations is included in Appendix B. This document supersedes the earlier Version 1 report (DOTVNTSC- FAA-00-22), which is referenced in the Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular on EFBs, AC 120-76A.\n
Amplification of the Tetracycline Resistance Determinant of pAMα1 in <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Requires a Site-Specific Recombination Event Involving Relaxase (2002)

The small multicopy plasmid pAMalpha1 (9.75 kb) encoding tetracycline resistance in Enterococcus faecalis is known to generate tandem repeats of a 4.1-kb segment carrying tet(L) when cells are grown extensively in the presence of tetracycline. Here we show that the initial (rate-limiting) step involves a site-specific recombination event involving plasmid-encoded relaxase activity acting at two recombination sequences (RS1 and RS2) that flank the tet determinant. We also present the complete nucleotide sequence of pAMalpha1.
DEVELOPMENT OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE MUSTARD (1990)

The objective of this study was to develop low glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea Coss.). This was accomplished through an interspecific cross between an Indian type 3-butenyl glucosinolate containing B. juncea selection and a "Bronowski-gene(s)" containing low glucosinolate B. campestris L. followed by backcrossing to the B. juncea parent. Seed of BC 1 F 2 plants, and selected plants of BC 1 F 3 and BC 1 F 4 generations were analyzed for glucosinolate content by gas chromatography. Total aliphatic glucosinolate contents of individual BC 1 F 2 plants ranged from 57 to 204 μmol g −1 meal. A single BC 1 F 3 plant grown from the BC 1 F 2 plant with the lowest glucosinolate content, identified as 1058, was found to contain less than 1 μmol g −1 meal of total aliphatic glucosinolates. The glucosinolate content in individual plants of the BC 1 F 4 generation of plant 1058 ranged from 0.8 to 2.9 μmol g −1 meal. Field grown progeny of 1058 at three locations in 1987 and at one location in 1988 in Saskatchewan contained less than 10 μmol g −1 meal of total aliphatic glucosinolates. Therefore, the low glucosinolate characteristic of selection 1058 can be considered genetically stable. Progeny of plant 1058 had plant morphology and seed coat reticulation of B. juncea, but poor fertility (< 5 seeds per pod). The development of this low glucosinolate plant is an achievement that should allow the breeding of canola quality oilseed B. juncea mustard.Key words: Mustard, glucosinolate, Brassica juncea, interspecific cross
Color Matching of Image Sequences with Combined Gamma and Linear Corrections (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of color and luminance compensation for sequences of overlapping images where the source images have very different colors and luminance. We apply the method for panoramic image construction on mobile phones. A simple approach is proposed that minimizes both the color differences of neighboring images and the overall color correction over the whole sequence. We compare several combinations of gamma correction and linear adjustment over different color representations, and select the method with best results: use Y CbCr and apply gamma correction for the luminance component and linear correction for the chrominance components.
Development of Single-Chain Fv Fragments from a Human Anti-Double-Stranded DNA Antibody to Study the Influence of Somatic Mutations on Antigen Binding (2001)

We discuss the approach to constructing scFv fragments as a tool to study autoantibody maturation.
The cytosolic 47-kilodalton protein that binds to the 3' untranslated region of epidermal growth factor transcripts responds to orchiectomy in a tissue-specific fashion (1996)

The submaxillary gland (SMG) of the male mouse is known to contain more epidermal growth factor (EGF) messenger RNA (mRNA) than that of the female. In contrast, the SMG of female mice contains more of a cytosolic 47-kDa RNA binding protein that binds to a unique 23-b sequence at the end of the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of EGF, which includes the canonical polyadenylation signal in an AU-rich region containing a potential mRNA destabilizing sequence. Testosterone treatment can change the activity of this 47-kDa protein within 1 day, which precedes the change produced in the level and in the polyadenylation of EGF mRNA in female mice. In the kidney, however, neither the 47-kDa protein nor the polyadenylation pattern changed after testosterone. We now report that 2 weeks following orchiectomy of Balb/c mice, mature EGF peptide immunoreactivity levels fall by 96% (P < 0.0002), and mRNA levels fall by 76% (P < 0.0001). Orchiectomy also enhances the RNA binding activities of the 47-kDa protein in SMG cytosol but not in the kidney: UV cross-linking to 3' UTR RNA is increased by 67% (P < 0.01) and shifting of the gel mobility of the RNA is increased by 47% (P < 0.05). The polyadenylation pattern of EGF transcripts also changes in SMG but not in kidney cytosol. After orchiectomy, the population of EGF transcripts in the SMG with short, heterogenous poly-A tails (<50 A's) decreases by 31% (P < 0.03), whereas transcripts with long poly-A tails of approximately 50, 70, 100, and 200 A's all increase and become more distinct, resembling the pattern found in the normal female. Thus, 2 weeks after orchiectomy, the responses in EGF expression, EGF mRNA polyadenylation, and the activities of the 47-kDa 3' UTR binding protein are the reciprocal of the responses produced by injecting female mice with testosterone for 5 days, providing further evidence that circulating androgens regulate EGF expression posttranscriptionally in a sexually dimorphic, tissue-specific fashion.
Protection from Respiratory Virus Infections Can Be Mediated by Antigen-Specific Cd4+ T Cells That Persist in the Lungs (2001)

Although CD4(+) T cells have been shown to mediate protective cellular immunity against respiratory virus infections, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. For example, although phenotypically distinct populations of memory CD4(+) T cells have been identified in different secondary lymphoid tissues, it is not known which subpopulations mediate protective cellular immunity. In this report, we demonstrate that virus-specific CD4(+) T cells persist in the lung tissues and airways for several months after Sendai virus infection of C57BL/6 mice. A large proportion of these cells possess a highly activated phenotype (CD44(hi), CD62L(lo), CD43(hi), and CD25(hi)) and express immediate effector function as indicated by the production of interferon gamma after a 5-h restimulation in vitro. Furthermore, intratracheal adoptive transfer of lung memory cells into beta2m-deficient mice demonstrated that lung-resident virus-specific CD4(+) T cells mediated a substantial degree of protection against secondary virus infection. Taken together, these data demonstrate that activated memory CD4(+) T cells persisting at mucosal sites play a critical role in mediating protective cellular immunity.
Binaural resynthesis of acoustical environments (2014)

Diese Dissertation umfasst eine Sammlung von Veröffentlichungen, die der technischen und perzeptiven Optimierung der binauralen Resynthese akustischer Umgebungen gewidmet sind. Binaurale Resynthese beruht auf der Grundannahme, dass es möglich ist, den auditiven Eindruck einem beliebigen Schallfeld ausgesetzt zu sein, künstlich zu evozieren, wenn es gelingt, den entsprechenden Schalldruckverlauf an den Trommelfellen technisch zu rekonstruieren. Zu diesem Zweck werden nachhallfrei aufgenommene Audioinhalte mit gemessenen oder simulierten sog. binauralen Raumimpulsantworten mittels eines echtzeitfähigen schnellen Faltungsalgorithmus gefiltert, wobei diese Impulsantworten auch entsprechend den beobachteten Kopfbewegungen eines Hörers nachgeführt werden können (sog. dynamische Binauralsynthese). Bei begrenzter technischer Komplexität ermöglicht die binaurale Wiedergabetechnik damit eine potentiell realitätsgetreue (Re-)Synthese beliebiger Schallfelder. Bevor es jedoch gelingen kann, die dynamische Binauralsynthese als komfortables und verlässliches Forschungswerkzeug zu etablieren, sind vielfältige theoretische, instrumentelle und methodische Probleme zu lösen. Fortschritte in dieser Richtung zu erzielen, war das Hauptziel dieses Dissertationsvorhabens. Die Vorstellung der durchgeführten Studien erfolgt in drei thematischen Blöcken: Teil I der Dissertation behandelt Themen der binauralen Aufnahmetechnik, wie z.B. die Entwicklung des binauralen Messroboters FABIAN, oder die zur Darstellung natürlicher Kopfbewegungen oder für eine überzeugende Simulation ausgedehnter Schallquellen eben notwendige räumliche Auflösung. Teil II präsentiert verschiedene Ansätze zur Verbesserungen der binauralen Wiedergabetechnik, wie z.B. die Reduktion von Klangverfärbungen mittels neuentwickelter transauraler binauraler Kopfhörer und perzeptiv optimierter Verfahren für deren Frequenzgangskompensation. Zudem wurden Lokalisationsleistung, Überblendverhalten und Systemlatenz mittels eines Algorithmus‘ zur post hoc Individualisierung der interauralen Laufzeitdifferenz wesentlich verbessert, der Rechenaufwand der dynamischen Synthese durch eine vereinfachte Nachhalldarstellung reduziert und ein Verfahren zur Darstellung dynamischer binauraler Klangatmosphären optimiert. In Teil III werden verschiedene neuentwickelte Ansätze zur einerseits integrativen anderseits differenzierten perzeptiven Evaluation virtueller akustischer Umgebungen präsentiert und teilweise bereits auf die verbesserte Simulationstechnik angewendet.
An Immunocompetent Patient with a Vesicular Rash and Neurological Symptomatology (2013)

Viral infection is the most common cause of aseptic meningitis with the most frequent virus associated with aseptic meningitis being enteroviruses (coxsackievirus and echovirus). In viral meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows a mild pleocytosis with a lymphocytic predominance, elevated protein, and normal glucose level. Nucleic acid amplification methods have greatly improved the detection of viral pathogens. In our case, a 47-year-old Caucasian female patient presented with a persistent throbbing headache for six days, localized at the frontal area, associated with photophobia, and exacerbated by bright lights and loud noises. Physical examination revealed nuchal rigidity and a vesicular rash at the right T4-T6 dermatome region. CSF findings were consistent with aseptic meningitis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive for VZV. Clinical improvement in meningeal signs and symptoms occurred after the initiation of acyclovir to complete a total 10-day course. There are no published data revealing that acyclovir will modify the course of VZV meningitis, but it is important to recognize the potential clinical benefit with the early initiation of antiviral therapy, especially if a zoster rash is discovered on examination. However, this is rarely the case because the majority of VZV meningitis will not present with a rash. Even though the reactivation of VZV is not usually associated with clinical meningitis, it is important to consider VZV in the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting without a rash with CNS disease. PCR has been proven to be a useful and quick diagnostic tool in the early diagnosis of VZV-associated neurological disease.
Application of Hydraulic and Sediment Transport Principles in the Design of Tidal Exchange Structures (1989)

This paper presents a procedure for the analysis and design of tidal exchange structures, such as tidal gates and training dikes. In lieu of over generalized theories or complicated modeling techniques, the procedure employs basic hydraulic and sediment transport principles to evaluate the tidal exchange and tidal inundation potentials. This includes development of Model TIGATE to simulate tidal flow dynamics and introduction of a sediment flushing index to identify the sediment flushing capability of the tidal flow.
Recording brain activity wirelessly (2005)

The continuous monitoring of electrical brain activity with implanted depth electrodes is essential for understanding the neural substrates of many physiological and pathological brain functions, such as emotion and epilepsy. Existing instrumentation uses wires to power and record directly from the brain. This article describes the theory involved in every aspect of the design of an inductively powered system with emphasis on the trade-offs involved. A complete inductive powering system consists of two major parts - a drive coil and a pickup coil, and their associated impedance matching networks. The drive coil is designed to maximize the magnetic field within the desired enclosure at the drive frequency. Similarly, the pickup coil is designed to maximize the amount of magnetic flux density converted to power for the implant, while minimizing it's own dimensions. A specific real-world application of inductive powering is detailed, illustrating how many of the design decisions were made to develop a successful system for recording neural signals from awake and freely behaving animals.
Recurrent Saliency Transformation Network for Tiny Target Segmentation in Abdominal CT Scans (2019)

We aim at segmenting a wide variety of organs, including tiny targets (e.g., adrenal gland), and neoplasms (e.g., pancreatic cyst), from abdominal CT scans. This is a challenging task in two aspects. First, some organs (e.g., the pancreas), are highly variable in both anatomy and geometry, and thus very difficult to depict. Second, the neoplasms often vary a lot in its size, shape, as well as its location within the organ. Third, the targets (organs and neoplasms) can be considerably small compared to the human body, and so standard deep networks for segmentation are often less sensitive to these targets and thus predict less accurately especially around their boundaries. In this paper, we present an end-to-end framework named recurrent saliency transformation network (RSTN) for segmenting tiny and/or variable targets. The RSTN is a coarse-to-fine approach that uses prediction from the first (coarse) stage to shrink the input region for the second (fine) stage. A saliency transformation module is inserted between these two stages so that 1) the coarse-scaled segmentation mask can be transferred as spatial weights and applied to the fine stage and 2) the gradients can be back-propagated from the loss layer to the entire network so that the two stages are optimized in a joint manner. In the testing stage, we perform segmentation iteratively to improve accuracy. In this extended journal paper, we allow a gradual optimization to improve the stability of the RSTN, and introduce a hierarchical version named H-RSTN to segment tiny and variable neoplasms such as pancreatic cysts. Experiments are performed on several CT datasets including a public pancreas segmentation dataset, our own multi-organ dataset, and a cystic pancreas dataset. In all these cases, the RSTN outperforms the baseline (a stage-wise coarse-to-fine approach) significantly. Confirmed by the radiologists in our team, these promising segmentation results can help early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The code and pre-trained models of our project were made available at https://github.com/198808xc/OrganSegRSTN.
Evaluation of Hepatocellular Function by Way of Receptor–Mediated Uptake of A Technetium–99M—Labeled Asialoglycoprotein Analog (1994)

(a) In normal controls with a Child-Turcotte criteria score of 5, receptor concentration ranged from 0.63 to 1.19 mumol/L, with a mean 0.83 +/- 2 S.D. 0.06 mumol/L, which was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that of the patient group (mean receptor concentration = 0.44 +/- 2 S.D. 0.04 mumol/L). In cirrhotic patients with Child-Turcotte criteria score of 5, the mean receptor concentration was 0.60 +/- 2 S.D. 0.07 mumol/L, which was significantly lower than controls (p < 0.01). In end-stage cirrhosis (Child-Turcotte criteria score 11 to 15), a group in which patients died or required orthotopic liver transplantation within 1 yr, the mean receptor concentration was 0.35 +/- 2 S.D. to 0.07 mumol/L. The sensitivity and specificity for receptor concentration in relation to liver disease, with values above 0.65 mumol/L being normal, were 0.96 and 0.88, respectively. Receptor concentration correlated well with Child-Turcotte criteria score (r = 0.78, p = < 0.001), with aminopyrine breath test (r = 0.75, p = < 0.001) and with indocyanine green clearance (r = 0.88, p = < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Changes in Plasma Concentrations of Immunoreactive Inhibin, Estradiol and FSH Associated with Follicular Waves during the Estrous Cycle of the Cow (1995)

Changes in plasma concentrations of immunoreactive (ir-) inhibin, steroid hormones and gonadotropins were determined in relation to follicular growth throughout the bovine estrous cycle. Three waves of follicular development occurred; the first, second and third waves were observed during the early-luteal, mid-luteal and follicular phases, respectively. A dominant follicle was identified in each wave. During the growth of the dominant follicle, the other follicles ceased their growth, while the emergence of follicular wave was observed after the dominant follicle ceased to grow or ovulated. Plasma concentrations of ir-inhibin increased (p<0.05), concomitantly with the emergence of each wave. A high concentration of ir-inhibin was noted in the growing phase of each dominant follicle. Concentrations of estradiol in the plasma increased (p<0.01) coincidentally with the growth of the first and third dominant follicles. However, during the second wave, plasma estradiol levels did not show any significant rise, suggesting that the second dominant follicle has a very low activity to produce estradiol. Progesterone levels declined (p<0.01) sharply due to the spontaneous luteolysis and increased again during the early luteal phase, reached the high levels during the mid-luteal phase. Concentrations of plasma FSH were high before the emergence of each follicular wave and began to decrease in accordance with the emergence of the wave, then remained low until the dominant follicle regressed or ovulated. These results suggest that the dominant follicle, during its growing phase, lowers the plasma FSH concentration by enhancing the secretion of inhibin alone and or estradiol, and suppresses the recruitment and growth of the other follicles. In addition, progesterone also probably affects FSH secretion during the early-luteal phase in combination with estradiol.
Issues with real-time streaming applications roaming in QoS-based secure IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2005)

The mass deployment of IEEE 802.11 based wireless local area networks (WLAN), and increased sales in portable devices supporting WLAN, have resulted in an urgent need to support real time applications while wireless users are on the move. This critical support necessitates research into current WLAN roaming capabilities. This paper evaluates the current status of WLAN roaming capabilities and how they would react to new standards such as IEEE 802.11i and IEEE 802.11e. The paper briefly discusses wired equivalent privacy (WEP), IEEE 802.11i authentication mechanism, and the new IEEE 802.11r in terms of roaming capability. Simulation results show that when using IEEE 802.11i authentication mechanism, the latency incurred would deter voice quality if there is continuous roaming. However, the new IEEE 802.11r draft standard not only supports IEEE 802.11e in terms of quality of service and IEEE 802.11i in terms of security enhancement, but it also provides a shorter roaming time that is suitable for today's voice calls. (7 pages)