gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential Limitations upon the Tenure of Federal Trial Judges - Some Implications of the Chandler Case (1966)

CONCLUSIONRadkey sets out a policy of less restrictive admission, approves the law-fact distinction, and affirms the test applied thereto to be a differentiation between legal definitions or conclusions and general mental condition.Ambiguity enters this criterion at the test level.Certainly the issue of testamentary capacity may be developed either directly or indirectly.It appears from Radkey that testimony may not include the phrase "legal capacity" because this approaches the issue too directly.The testimony may, however, involve the terms "mental capacity" and "sound mind," when not appended to the phrase "to execute a will," because this is an indirect approach.But the phrase "to execute a will" may also be asked indirectly, thus creating another problem area.No cases to date have tested the court's new criterion for admission.The court at best has established a vague guideline.A possible alternative, which the court mentioned in a footnote" 0 but dismissed because it did not follow prior Texas decisions, would have been better.This alternative would permit admission of all testimony, and "any difference of definition . . .[could] be brought out by proper cross examination." 1 Use of this approach avoids dealing with both "theories" and "tests."The only possible objection would be at the "policy" level, and, under the less restrictive Radkey approach, "any question and answer should be allowed if it would be helpful to the jury." Ion Roger BaumanPotential Limitations Upon the Tenure of Federal Trial Judges -Some Implications of the Chandler CaseWhile the United States district judge is basically independent with extensive discretionary power and potential life tenure, the development of an administrative process in recent years has posed a latent threat to his independence.Conflict finally erupted when the Tenth Circuit Judicial Council ordered that the Honorable Stephen S. Chandler, Chief Judge for the Western District of Oklahoma, be deprived of the power to adjudicate any presently pending or subsold.
Suspended Single‐Crystal Diamond Nanowires for High‐Performance Nanoelectromechanical Switches (2010)

Single-crystal diamond nanowires with well-controlled dimensions are fabricated in batches for nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS). All-single-crystal diamond NEM switches are demonstrated using these nanowires with high reproducibility, high controllability, repeated switching, and no sitction. Diamond switches not only overcome the stiction and abrasion problems in existing electromechanical switches, but also circumvent the shallow doping problem. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Physical Challenges and Limitations Confronting the Use of UHTCs on Hypersonic Vehicles (2011)

Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) have been studied for many years as possible material solutions for leading edges of hypersonic vehicles. Over that time, many of the processing and engineering challenges have been addressed. Though UHTCs may have high-temperature capability for some applications, there still remain several physical challenges and limitations confronting their use on hypersonic vehicles. UHTCs possess a very high density, and for weight sensitive vehicles, high density can lead to significant weight concerns. Being monolithic ceramics, UHTCs have thermal shock and fracture toughness concerns that confront all non-fiber-reinforced ceramics. The limitation discussed here for UHTCs is high-temperature oxidation in flight environments. In the temperature range of ~2900°F (~1600°C) and below, Si-based UHTCs form a protective silica (SiO2) layer that helps protect the substrate from oxidation. Above that temperature range, Si-based UHTCs appear to experience similar active oxidation issues that confront structural ceramic matrix composites (CMC) such as C/SiC and coated C/C. Non-Si-based materials should be considered to realize a true step forward in temperature capability with respect to conventional Si-based CMCs.
A Polyethylene Glycol‐Supported Microporous Carbon Coating as a Polysulfide Trap for Utilizing Pure Sulfur Cathodes in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2014)

A composite separator with a thin-film polysulfide trap is developed for lithium-sulfur batteries. A polyethylene glycol-supported microporous carbon coating (MPC/PEG coating) on a Celgard separator suppresses polysulfide diffusion through its physical and chemical polysulfide-trapping capabilities. The MPC/PEG-coated separator thus facilitates the use of pure sulfur cathodes that generally suffer from poor cyclability and low electrochemical utilization.
Resonance Decays Involving Vector Mesons (1973)

A picture of resonance decays using only very general features of the quark model is applied to the case of ${\mathrm{\textonehalf{}}}^{+}$${1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ final states. Recent experiments on $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}N\ensuremath{\rho}$ provide a crucial test of the model, which predicts correctly the dominant spin of the $N\ensuremath{\rho}$ system in several cases.
Current and Future Immunosuppressive Strategies in Renal Transplantation (2004)

The past decade has witnessed the introduction of several new immunosuppressive agents. The availability of these new pharmacologic offerings has not diminished the challenge of achieving a balance of adequate graft protection while minimizing the consequences of excessive immunosuppression. For renal transplant recipients, maintenance immunosuppression generally consists of a calcineurin inhibitor in combination with an antiproliferative agent and a corticosteroid; more recently, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors have been used. Excellent results have been achieved at many transplant centers with combinations of these agents in a variety of protocols. Regimens designed to limit or eliminate calcineurin inhibitor and/or corticosteroid therapy are actively being pursued in the transplant community. Allograft tolerance and xenotransplantation are being studied, and the knowledge gained from the effort may help in the development of innovative strategies and new immunosuppressive agents.
Research on the image definition criterion on the high accuracy image measurement system (2010)

In the high accuracy measurement system based on image, it is very important for the object plane to realize high accuracy complete focusing. In order to increase the focusing precision, this article proposed one kind of image definition criterion algorithm which is based on the image interpolation. Firstly, the image which carrys on interpolation processing by cubic spline functions can improve the sampling of the object plane, so the grey value change of the image edge which causes by the minimal defocusing amount can be full developed; Then, use square gradient function carries on the interpolation image for image definition criterion. The experimental result indicated that this method can enhance the focusing precision of the system object plane effectively, so the object plane adjustment precision can be promoted.
Mucus Layers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2014)

The intestinal epithelium is covered with mucus with the main structural building block being the densely O-glycosylated MUC2 mucin. The intestinal epithelium is exposed to ingested material, our digestive machinery, and large amounts of microorganisms. Mucus is the first line of defense and aids to limit exposure to all these threats to the epithelium. In the small intestine, mucus acts as a matrix, which contains antimicrobial products, such as defensins and immunoglobulin A that limit epithelial exposure to the luminal bacteria. In the colon, the stratified inner mucus layer acts as a physical barrier excluding bacteria from the epithelium. Bacterial penetration of this normally restricted zone is observed in many colitis models and also in patients with ulcerative colitis. Mucus defects that allow bacteria to reach the epithelium and to stimulate an immune system response can lead to the development of intestinal inflammation. The current state of our knowledge concerning the function of the mucus layers and the main mucin component, MUC2, in inflammatory bowel disease is described in this review.
A collaborative workspace architecture for strengthening collaboration among space scientists (2015)

Space exploration missions have produced large data of immense value, to both research and the planning and operating of future missions. However, current datasets and simulation tools fragment teamwork, especially across disciplines and geographical location. The aerospace community already exploits virtual reality for purposes including space tele-robotics, interactive 3D visualization, simulation and training. However, collaborative virtual environments are yet to be widely deployed or routinely used in space projects. Advanced immersive and collaborative visualization systems have the potential for enhancing the efficiency and efficacy of data analysis, simplifying visual benchmarking, presentations and discussions. We present preliminary results of the EU funded international project CROSS DRIVE, which develops an infrastructure for collaborative workspaces for space science and missions. The aim is to allow remote scientific and engineering experts to collectively analyze and interpret combined datasets using shared simulation tools. The approach is to combine advanced 3D visualization techniques and interactive tools in conjunction with immersive virtuality telepresence. This will give scientists and engineers the impression of teleportation from their respective buildings across Europe, to stand together on a planetary surface, surrounded by the information and tools that they need. The conceptual architecture and proposed realization of the collaborative workspace are described. ESA's planned ExoMars mission provides the use-case for deriving user requirements and evaluating our implementation.
A Repellent for Protecting Corn Seed from Blackbirds and Crows (1972)

Methiocarb [4-(methylthio)-3,-5-xylyl N-methylcarbamate] was tested as a seed treatment for repelling blackbirds and crows (Corsus sp.) from sprouting corn in South Carolina. The test was conducted on eight fields within a 0.25-square-mile area. Marked repellency occurred; sprout damage averaged 44 percent in the control fields and 0.3 percent in the fields treated with methiocarb. 50 percent of the birds tested ) was 1.0 mg/kg for red-winged blackbirds ( Agelatus phoeniceus ) . In a later report ( E. W. Schafer 1971, unpublished report, Denver Wildlife Research Center), the acute oral LD50 was given as 4.6 mg/kg for redwings, 10 mg/kg for common grackles (Quisculus qu1rscula ), 24 mg/kg for bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus), 10 mg/kg for mourning doves (Zenaidura macroura), and 56.2 mg/kg for pheasants. Our report describes a test of methiocarb as a bird repellent on planted corn seed. The test was made in the spring of 1969 under conditions of heavy pressure by redwings, common grackles, and crows. Since sprout damage by these species is particularly prevalent in areas along the eastern seaboard wherever corn is grown next to water, these tests were conducted at Santee National Wildlife Refuge in South Carolina. Here corn is grown adjacent to the Santee-Cooper reservoir, and the damage is severe at times. The chemical methiocarb (DRC-736) was provided by Chemagro Corporation, Kansas City, Missouri. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement of commercial products by the
Self-aligned metal-SiO2-InP based MISFETs having modulation doped channels (1991)

A novel metal-SiO<sub>2</sub>-InP MISFET (metal-insulator semiconductor field effect transistor) structure, incorporating a modulation doped channel and the self-aligned gate feature of Si MOSFETs, is proposed. Analytical results on current-voltage and transconductance characteristics are presented. Significant enhancement of performance over conventional MISFETs, employing SiO<sub>2</sub> as an insulator, is reported.
Indoor Positioning by LED Visible Light Communication and Image Sensors (2011)

High power white LEDs are expected to replace the existing lighting technologies in near future which are also suggested for visible light communication (VLC). We proposed an algorithm for high precision indoor positioning using lighting LEDs, VLC and image sensors. In the proposed algorithm, four LEDs transmitted their three-dimensional coordinate information which were received and demodulated by two image sensors near the unknown position. The unknown position was then calculated from the geometrical relations of the LED images created on the image sensors. We described the algorithm in details. Simulation of the proposed algorithm was done and presented in this paper. This technique did not require any angular measurement which was needed in contemporary positioning algorithms using LED and image sensor. Simulation results showed that the proposed system could estimate the unknown position within the accuracy of few centimeters. Positioning accuracy could be increased by using high resolution image sensors or by increasing the separation between the image sensors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v1i2.165
Biopsy-Free Prediction of Pathologic Type of Primary Nephrotic Syndrome Using a Machine Learning Algorithm (2017)

To our knowledge, this is the first such application of machine learning to predict the pathologic type of primary nephrotic syndrome, which may be clinically useful by itself as well as helpful for guiding future efforts at machine learning-based prediction in other disease contexts.
Polyurethane Networks Nanoreinforced by Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (2005)

Abstract Summary: Octaaminophenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OapPOSS) was used as a crosslinking agent together with 4,4 ′ ‐methylenebis‐(2‐chloroaniline) to prepare polyurethane networks containing POSS. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to characterize the POSS‐reinforced polyurethane. The POSS‐containing PU networks displayed enhanced glass transition temperatures ( T g s) and the storage moduli of the networks of the glassy state and rubber plateaus were also observed to be significantly higher than that of the control polyurethane although only a small amount of POSS was incorporated into the systems. The results can be ascribed to the significant nanoscale reinforcement effect of POSS cages on the polyurethane matrix. TGA results showed the thermal stability was also improved with incorporation of POSS into the system. Dynamic mechanical spectra of PU and PU nanocomposites containing POSS. image Dynamic mechanical spectra of PU and PU nanocomposites containing POSS.
Abstract flow learning for web application test generation (2018)

Achieving high software quality today involves manual analysis, test planning, documentation of testing strategy and test cases, and the development of scripts to support automated regression testing. To keep pace with software evolution, test artifacts must also be frequently updated. Although test automation practices help mitigate the cost of regression testing, a large gap exists between the current paradigm and fully automated software testing. Researchers and practitioners are realizing the potential for artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) to help bridge the gap between the testing capabilities of humans and those of machines. This paper presents an ML approach that combines a language specification that includes a grammar that can be used to describe test flows, and a trainable test flow generation model, in order to generate tests in a way that is trainable, reusable across different applications, and generalizable to new applications.
Contextualizando o espaço: ideias e artifícios na construção da imagem de Nordeste (1920-1940) (2013)

O presente trabalho traz por finalidade a discussão e reflexão de elementos como o pensamento regionalista e a musicalidade de Luiz Gonzaga dentro do contexto de criação de uma identidade nacional e de que maneira esses elementos serão fundamentais na formação de uma imagética sobre o Nordeste.
The mechanism of matrix to analyte proton transfer in clusters of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and the tripeptide VPL (2001)

Intracluster proton transfer from the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization matrix 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) to the peptide valyl-prolyl-leucine has been investigated as a function of excitation laser wavelength and power. Ionization laser power studies at 308 nm indicate that cluster ionization occurs with a two-photon dependence, whereas matrix-to-analyte proton transfer and cluster dissociation requires an additional photon. At 266 nm, two-photon absorption leads to both cluster ionization and cluster dissociation/proton transfer. A consideration of these results clearly indicates that analyte protonation occurs following ionization of the cluster to produce a radical cation matrix/analyte cluster. Mass spectral features also indicate that mixed DHB/peptide cluster ionization can occur via two-photon ionization at wavelengths as long as 355 nm. These results suggest a reduction in the ionization potential of larger mixed DHB/peptide clusters of greater than 1 eV. The reduced ionization potential seen in these clusters suggests that radical cation initiated proton transfer remains a viable mechanism for analyte protonation in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization at these longer wavelengths.
The Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex and its relation to the brain s default network (2008)

Human cerebral cortex contains an uncertain number of structurally segregated regions interconnected by a dense network of axonal pathways. Using DSI, we map these pathways in individual human subjects. An analysis of the resulting large-scale structural brain networks reveals the existence of a core within the brain, as well as several distinct clusters. Regions within the structural core share high centrality and they form connector hubs that link all major modules of cortex. Most key regions of the human default network are also members of the structural core indicating an important role of the core in shaping functional integration.
Binary neighbourhood field optimisation for unit commitment problems (2013)

Inspired by the neighbourhood cooperation, a new discrete optimisation algorithm is proposed. The so‐called binary neighbourhood field optimisation (BNFO), utilises the attractive field of the superior neighbour and the repulsive field of the inferior neighbour. As a kind of local search, BNFO is able to deliver promising results efficiently within acceptable computational time. BNFO is applied to solve the unit commitment problem (UCP), whose objective is to minimise the operation cost of the generation units over the scheduling horizon. After numerical tests on several benchmark UCP cases, the obtained costs are less expensive compared with conventional Lagrangian relaxation, genetic algorithm, evolutionary programming, particle swarm optimisation and differential evolutionary. BNFO can converge to promising results with less computation times, especially for the large‐scale UCPs.
A nano zinc oxide doped electrospun scaffold improves wound healing in a rodent model (2015)

Development of new and effective wound dressing materials continues to be an area of intense research in wound care management. ​Fabricated ZnO doped nanofibrous scaffold exhibited proficiency in EPCs enrichment and wound healing.
Interlaboratory/intermethod differences in functional sensitivity of immunometric assays of thyrotropin (TSH) and impact on reliability of measurement of subnormal concentrations of TSH (1995)

Clinically relevant interassay precision profiles for thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) were constructed with human serum pools measured over 4-8 weeks by six immunometric assays, in at least two different reagent lots. Functional sensitivities (the concentration at which the interassay CV is < or = 20%) were determined in four to eight clinical laboratories plus the respective manufacturer's laboratory. These studies revealed that the manufacturer's stated functional sensitivity limit is rarely duplicated in clinical practice. Loss of specificity (indicated by artifactually high values) was seen with some methods when used to measure certain unrefrigerated low-TSH sera. Measurement of TSH in four human serum pools (TSH < 0.05-0.25 mIU/L) by 16 different methods (each in at least eight UK or US laboratories) showed that some methods could not reliably distinguish subnormal from normal TSH values. Better pool rankings and fewer misclassifications of low-TSH sera as "normal" were seen with use of assays capable of "third-generation" functional sensitivity (0.01-0.02 mIU/L) than with assays with "second-generation" functional sensitivity (0.1-0.2 mIU/L). Because inter- and intramethod differences in functional sensitivity negatively impact the diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of a TSH-centered thyroid-testing strategy, laboratories should independently establish an assay's functional sensitivity by a clinically relevant protocol. Moreover, manufacturers should assess functional sensitivity more realistically and improve the robustness of assays to ensure that their performance potential is consistently met in clinical practice.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of the Carbocyclic Nucleosides as Potential Antiviral Agents (2004)

Compared with 4'-oxonucleosides, there have been far fewer systematic structure-activity relationship studies on carbocyclic nucleosides as antiviral and antitumour agents. This is mainly because of the synthetic problems in preparing the carbasugars. However, the recent discovery of the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) (a powerful tool for the preparation of 5-membered carbasugar via C-C bond formation) has made it possible to synthesize the key carbasugars to a preparative scale. This review summarizes the asymmetric syntheses of carbasugars and carbocyclic nucleosides, using an RCM reaction as a key step. Furthermore, the review includes valuable information for designing and synthesizing novel carbocyclic nucleosides.
The architecture of a network level intrusion detection system (1990)

This paper presents the preliminary architecture of a network level intrusion detection system. The proposed system will monitor base level information in network packets (source, destination, packet size, and time), learning the normal patterns and announcing anomalies as they occur. The goal of this research is to determine the applicability of current intrusion detection technology to the detection of network level intrusions. In particular, the authors are investigating the possibility of using this technology to detect and react to worm programs.