gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The long non-coding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1_2 induces paraspeckle formation in the motor neuron during the early phase of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2013)

NEAT1_2 lncRNA may act as a scaffold of RNAs and RNA binding proteins in the nuclei of ALS motor neurons, thereby modulating the functions of ALS-associated RNA-binding proteins during the early phase of ALS. These findings provide the first evidence of a direct association between paraspeckle formation and a neurodegenerative disease, and may shed light on the development of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of ALS.
Strained silicon for quantum computing (2002)

Strains in multivalley semiconductors can destroy the strict equivalence of the valleys that is demanded by cubic symmetry. Significant changes in the properties of a semiconductor may result. A proposed implementation of quantum computing with donor atoms in silicon would suffer from alterations of the donor wave functions caused by strains that are produced by fabrication processes. Deliberately straining the silicon to an extent that removed all but one valley from participation in the lowest donor state, would prevent further changes in the wave function by strain. The strain required can be achieved with established technology for depositing silicon on SiGe alloys.
Bulk growth procedures and a button agglutination test for Campylobacter. (1986)

Bulk-cell yields were obtained from 4 Campylobacter spp incubated aerobically without the use of a special atmosphere. A button agglutination test was developed for quantitation of blood serum antibodies against C fetus subsp venerealis, C fetus subsp fetus, C jejuni, and "C hyointestinalis." The test was sensitive, and different individuals reading it usually attained the same titers. Cells of C fetus subsp venerealis, C fetus subsp fetus, and "C hyointestinalis" grown aerobically in broth made satisfactory antigens for the button test, but some cell pools of C jejuni had a tendency to autoagglutinate. Cells of C jejuni grown on blood agar had less tendency to autoagglutinate.
Barrier and Tensile Properties of Transglutaminase Cross‐linked Gelatin Films as Affected by Relative Humidity, Temperature, and Glycerol Content (1999)

ABSTRACT Gelatin films were prepared by enzymatic cross‐linking with transglutaminase, and their mechanical and barrier properties were evaluated as functions of relative humidity (RH, 30 to 75%), temperature (15 to 35°C) and glycerol content (15 to 31%). Water and glycerol plasticized the films synergistically, resulting in greater elongation but lower tensile strength values. Films with higher glycerol contents exhibited higher moisture contents, indicating higher hydrophilicity of the films. Permeabilities of oxygen and allyl isothiocyanate (an antimicrobial vapor from Cruciferae plants) were low when the films were dry, but increased considerably when RH>50%. Therefore, RH conditions during end‐use applications must be considered to optimize the performance of these films.
Sindbis Virus: Propagation, Quantification, and Storage (2005)

The prototype of the Alphaviruses, Sindbis virus, has a broad host range. In nature, Sindbis virus shuttles from an insect vector to a vertebrate host and back to the insect vector in a complex transmission cycle. Sindbis virus must, therefore, be able to replicate in two biochemically and genetically divergent hosts, invertebrates and vertebrates. In the laboratory, Sindbis grows to high titers in a large variety of cultured cells of both vertebrate and invertebrate origin. Sindbis virus is easily titered for infectivity on several mammalian cell lines as well as certain mosquito cells. Full-length cDNA clones of several strains of Sindbis virus are available from which infectious RNA can be synthesized, making possible the genetic manipulation of the virus. Transfection of mammalian and insect cells by electroporation has facilitated expression of RNA mutants in the cell lines of choice.
Periodic Pattern Formation of Intermetallic Phases with Long Range Order by Laser Interference Metallurgy (2005)

Laser Interference Metallurgy is a newly developed method which allows the creation of periodic patterns with a well defined long‐range order on metallic surfaces. This article provides three fundamental aspects to understand the surface structuring process: the formation of complex periodical structures in metallic thin films by using three laser beams with variable intensities; the structuring of bi‐layered metallic films, and the possibility of the formation of periodical intermetallic structures.
RNA recovery and detection of mRNA by RT-PCR from preserved prokaryotic samples (2001)

The effectiveness of maintaining prokaryotic RNA in Synechococcus and Pseudomonas cells, fixed in 96% ethanol, 4% paraformaldehyde, or suspended in RNAlater, and held in cold storage for 3 months was compared. Fluorometric determination of the RNA extracted from Synechococcus and Pseudomonas cells indicated that the cell storage treatments tested were equally effective at maintaining their total RNA content. There was not any detectable decrease in the quantity of RNA isolated from the preserved samples during storage. Intact mRNA transcripts of the RuBisCO (rbcL) and nir genes were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from preserved bacterial cells throughout 3 months of storage. In contrast, RT-PCR failed to amplify the mRNA of the rbcL and nitrite reductase genes in unfixed and/or unpreserved bacterial samples, suggesting that bacterial mRNA can be well maintained during a prolonged storage when cells are preserved properly. In addition, RNAlater is a useful reagent for the storage and maintenance of high quality RNA in unfrozen samples.
Effects of Indigo Carmine on Human Chondrocytes In Vitro (2013)

Joint infections following or accompanying superficious soft tissue infections are severe complication in orthopedic surgery. The use of intra-articular blue staining is a helpful method to visualize a fistula and to differentiate between superficial and intra-articular infections. Regarding this clinical implication data about the effects of indigo carmine, a frequently used blue staining substance, on cartilage is missing. The hypothesis of this study was that indigo carmine damages human chondrocytes in a time and concentration dependent manner. Human chondrocytes were isolated from donors with osteoarthritis who were treated with TKA. Cells were cultivated and treated with different concentrations of indigo carmine for 5 and 10 minutes. Morphologic damage was examined by light microscopy. Toxicity was quantified by counting vital cell number and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression. Analysis by light microscopy showed defected cell structure and loss of cell number after treatment with 100% indigo carmine for 10 minutes. Treatment with 10% and 1% indigo carmine showed no significant cell defects and loss of cells. Counting vital cell number showed loss of vital cells after treatment with 100% and 10% indigo carmine for 10 minutes. LDH expression was significantly increased after treatment with 100% indigo carmine.Toxic effects were shown after treatment with indigo carmine. Therefore, it should be used in 1:100 dilution. This is both, sufficient for visualizing a fistula in a possible clinical application and could be protective for chondrocytes.
MESAR (multi-function, electronically scanned, adaptive radar) (1997)

For many years, the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency, in co-operation with Siemens Plessey Systems and Roke Manor Research Limited, have been developing the MESAR (multi-function, electronically scanned, adaptive radar) technology. This paper presents an overview of the MESAR experimental radar and describes some of the performance that have been demonstrated during an extensive trials programme. In particular those novel functionalities, made available through the adaptive control and processing of digital sub-arrayed antenna information, are presented.
Isomerization of <i>trans</i>-Astaxanthin to <i>cis</i>-Isomers in Organic Solvents (1999)

The isomerization of trans-astaxanthin to cis-isomers in organic solvents was investigated. trans-Astaxanthin was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, chloroform, acetone, methanol, acetonitrile, and a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (25:75) respectively, and heated at 35 degrees C followed by analyzing cis- and trans-astaxanthins in the solutions using HPLC. The isomerization rates of trans-astaxanthin were dependent on the solvent, and the following order was found: dichloromethane > chloroform > the mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (25:75) > methanol > acetonitrile > acetone > dimethyl sulfoxide. In different solvents, the relative contents of 9-cis- and 13-cis-astaxanthins formed during isomerization were different. In all solvents, 13-cis-isomer was the main cis-isomer from trans-astaxanthin. trans-Astaxanthin dissolved in dichloromethane or chloroform was very readily isomerized to cis-isomers, especially for dichloromethane, in which a maximum isomerization percentage was found and an equilibrium practically was reached after an appropriate time interval. Results also indicated that a higher temperature could promote markedly the isomerization of trans-astaxanthin.
Nucleotides Adjacent to the Ligand-Binding Pocket are Linked to Activity Tuning in the Purine Riboswitch (2013)

Direct sensing of intracellular metabolite concentrations by riboswitch RNAs provides an economical and rapid means to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Since many organisms employ the same class of riboswitch to control different genes or transcription units, it is likely that functional variation exists in riboswitches such that activity is tuned to meet cellular needs. Using a bioinformatic approach, we have identified a region of the purine riboswitch aptamer domain that displays conservation patterns linked to riboswitch activity. Aptamer domain compositions within this region can be divided into nine classes that display a spectrum of activities. Naturally occurring compositions in this region favor rapid association rate constants and slow dissociation rate constants for ligand binding. Using X-ray crystallography and chemical probing, we demonstrate that both the free and bound states are influenced by the composition of this region and that modest sequence alterations have a dramatic impact on activity. The introduction of non-natural compositions result in the inability to regulate gene expression in vivo, suggesting that aptamer domain activity is highly plastic and thus readily tunable to meet cellular needs.
Rapid thermal processing of electronic materials (1987)

This book contains over 60 selections. Some of the titles are: Dopant incorporation of boron implanted silicon during rapid thermal annealing; Enhanced diffusion during rapid thermal annealing of indium and boron in double implanted silicon; Nuclear reactor analysis of a shallow B and BF/sub 2/ implants in Si; Drift of arsenic in SiO/sub 2/ in a lamp furnace with a built-in temperature gradient; and Applications of pulsed CO/sub 2/ laser processing of silicon.
Transparent Flexible Graphene Triboelectric Nanogenerators (2014)

Transparent flexible graphene triboelectric nanogenerators as new promising applications of chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene are successfully demonstrated. The work function and friction are decisive factors to understand the difference in output performance depending on the number of layers of graphene. In this work, we were able to power an LCD, LEDs, and an EL display using the electrical power output of the graphene triboelectric nanogenerator without any external energy source. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Application of capacitors for power factor correction of industrial electrical distribution systems (1992)

The author summarizes information for determining the proper circumstances for applying capacitors to improve the operating efficiency of an industrial electrical distribution system. The following topics are discussed; the function of capacitors in an electrical power system; calculations to select the appropriate value of capacitance; selection of the optimal location in the distribution system to connect the capacitors; automatic switching of capacitors to match changes in the power system load, including system variations when capacitor switching is used; economic factors involved to justify the addition of capacitors to an industrial power distribution system; system harmonics and resonance effects in capacitor installations; and requirements of the National Electrical Code (NEC) concerning the characteristics and installation of capacitors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ECG signal compression using analysis by synthesis coding (2000)

In this paper, an elecrocardiogram (ECG) compression algorithm, called analysis by synthesis ECG compressor (ASEC), is introduced. The ASEC algorithm is based on analysis by synthesis coding, and consists of a beat codebook, long and short-term predictors, and an adaptive residual quantizer. The compression algorithm uses a defined distortion measure in order to efficiently encode every heartbeat, with minimum bit rate, while maintaining a predetermined distortion level. The compression algorithm was implemented and tested with both the percentage rms difference (PRD) measure and the recently introduced weighted diagnostic distortion (WDD) measure. The compression algorithm has been evaluated with the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. A mean compression rate of approximately 100 bits/s (compression ratio of about 30:1) has been achieved with a good reconstructed signal quality (WDD below 4% and PRD below 8%). The ASEC was compared with several well-known ECG compression algorithms and was found to be superior at all tested bit rates. A mean opinion score (MOS) test was also applied. The testers were three independent expert cardiologists. As in the quantitative test, the proposed compression algorithm was found to be superior to the other tested compression algorithms.
Affinity-Based Serum Proteomics for Ovarian Cancer Early Diagnosis (2006)

Our research project is intended to exploit unique characteristics of phage and yeast recombinant antibodies as the basis for a serum biomarker discovery platform for ovarian cancer. In brief we select from large recombinant libraries those binding sequences which bind to cancer related material but not to control serum then we evaluate these sub libraries in high throughput using novel recombinant antibody arrays probed with serum from our serum repository. At present we are on track based on our initial proposal. We have (1) selected a well-balanced group of cases (serum and proximal fluid) and controls for our initial discovery (2) identified thousands of unique binding sequences that bind to the cases and not controls (3) printed over 1700 recombinant antibodies on high density arrays and (4) probed those arrays with individual sera from 50 cases (including early and late stage and high and average risk women) and 50 asymptomatic controls. In addition to these tasks we have also undertaken several research tasks to further optimize our experimental protocols. These include a series of shotgun proteomics experiments used to characterize the protein constituents of the clinical materials used in our selection an evaluation of multiple array normalization and processing protocols to tailor data analysis to our array platform and improved methods for high throughput shuffling (yeast library only) and purification of antibodies. At present materials from our project include libraries of binding agents and data including microarrays profiling dozens of specimens and mass spectrometry data characterizing the constituents of ovary tumor proximal fluid. To date the major findings of our proposal include the proof of principle that (based on our data analysis) the panning and array procedures are capable of evaluating thousands of unique antibodies and that (based on the proteomics measurements) the selection material is rich in putative biomarkers.
Three-phase flow measurement in the petroleum industry (2012)

The problem of how to accurately measure the flowrate of oil–gas–water mixtures in a pipeline remains one of the key challenges in the petroleum industry. This paper discusses why three-phase flow measurement is still important and why it remains a difficult problem to solve. The measurement strategies and principal base technologies currently used by commercial manufacturers are described, and research developments that could influence future flowmeter design are considered. Finally, future issues, which will need to be addressed by manufacturers and users of three-phase flowmeters, are discussed.
Induction of Cardiomyogenesis in Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Definitive Endoderm (2011)

We previously reported that chick anterolateral endoderm (AL endoderm) induces cardiomyogenesis in mouse embryoid bodies. However, the requirement to micro-dissect AL endoderm from gastrulation-stage embryos precludes its use to identify novel cardiomyogenic factors, or to scale up cardiomyocyte numbers for therapeutic experiments. To circumvent this problem we have addressed whether human definitive endoderm (hDE) cells, which can be efficiently generated in large numbers from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), can mimic the ability of AL endoderm to induce cardiac myogenesis. Results demonstrate that both hDE cells and medium conditioned by them induce cardiac myogenesis in pluripotent hESCs, as indicated by rhythmic beating and immunohistochemical/quantitative polymerase chain reaction monitoring of marker gene expression. The cardiomyogenic effect of hDE is enhanced when pluripotent hESCs are preinduced to the mes-endoderm state. Because this approach is tractable and scalable, it may facilitate identification of novel hDE-secreted factors for inclusion in defined cardiomyogenic cocktails.
The aging of the immune system (2009)

An age-related decline in immune functions, referred to as immunosenescence, is partially responsible for the increased prevalence and severity of infectious diseases, and the low efficacy of vaccination in elderly persons. Immunosenescence is characterized by a decrease in cell-mediated immune function as well as by reduced humoral immune responses. Age-dependent defects in T- and B-cell function coexist with age-related changes within the innate immune system. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and consequences of age-associated immune alterations as well as their implications for health in old age.
Shc Binding to Nerve Growth Factor Receptor Is Mediated by the Phosphotyrosine Interaction Domain (1995)

Shc is an adaptor protein that contains two phosphotyrosine-binding domains, a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain and the newly described phosphotyrosine interaction (PI) domain. Shc interacts with several tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and is itself tyrosine-phosphorylated in cells stimulated with a variety of growth factors and cytokines. Upon phosphorylation, Shc binds to the Grb2.Sos complex leading to the activation of the Ras signaling pathway. Mutational analysis of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor (TrkA) suggested that the binding of Shc to the activated receptor is required for NGF-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Here we report that the PI domain of Shc directly binds to tyrosine 490 on the autophosphorylated NGF receptor. The PI domain specifically recognizes an I/LXN-PXpY motif (where p indicates phosphorylation) as determined by phosphopeptide competition assay. In addition, the PI domain is able to efficiently compete for binding of full-length Shc proteins to the NGF receptor. In PC12 cells, the Shc SH2 domain interacts with an unidentified tyrosine-phosphorylated protein of 115 kDa but not with the activated NGF receptor. The ability of Shc to interact with different tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins via its PI and SH2 domains may allow Shc to play a unique role in tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathways.
Role of Caspase 1 in Neurologic Disease (2000)

In recent years substantial advances have taken place in understanding the mechanistic pathways mediating neuronal cell death in a variety of neurologic diseases. Since the central nervous system (CNS) has little, if any, power of functional neuronal regeneration, prevention of neuronal cell death is an important target of modern neurotherapeutics. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms mediating neuronal cell death is required to effectively slow the progression of neurologic diseases featuring apoptosis. Increasing evidence demonstrates that blocking cell death pathways in cells otherwise fated to die (ie, following stroke, trauma, or in neurodegenerative diseases) improves neurologic outcome.
Kinematic Azimuth Alignment of INS using GPS Velocity Information (2004)

The combination of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and an Inertial Navigation System (INS) can deliver a system performance that is superior to either one in standalone mode, since each system compensates for the other’s shortcomings. Due to large errors of the inertial sensors, error estimation and further compensation have to be performed using external information from GPS. The azimuth misalignment angle, being one of the largest non-stationary INS error components, has a significant impact on the INS accuracy; therefore this paper is focused on the development and testing of a special procedure for the azimuth error estimation. The method presented is based on a traditional Kalman filter and uses GPS velocity and heading information for measurement updates. The filter is divided into two stages, defined by a different degree of observability of the error components in the state vector. The estimation of the azimuth misalignment is performed only when it is strongly observable, in other words, during high vehicle dynamics. To reduce the transition period of its estimation, the problem statement is reformulated so that the azimuth misalignment error becomes a directly measured component. The discussed algorithm is tested for land navigation applications. The results show that precise azimuth error estimation using the proposed approach can significantly improve the INS accuracy in general and the prediction accuracy in particular, when the GPS measurements are not available.