gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The <scp>BEACH</scp> Is Hot: A <scp>LYST</scp> of Emerging Roles for <scp>BEACH</scp>‐Domain Containing Proteins in Human Disease (2013)

BEACH (named after 'Beige and Chediak-Higashi') is a conserved ∼280 residue domain, present in nine human BEACH domain containing proteins (BDCPs). Most BDCPs are large, containing a PH-like domain for membrane association preceding their BEACH domain, and containing WD40 and other domains for ligand binding. Recent studies found that mutations in individual BDCPs cause several human diseases. BDCP alterations affect lysosome size (LYST and NSMAF), apoptosis (NSMAF), autophagy (LYST, WDFY3, LRBA), granule size (LYST, NBEAL2, NBEA) or synapse formation (NBEA). However, the roles of each BDCP in these membrane events remain controversial. After reviewing studies on individual BDCPs, we propose a unifying hypothesis that BDCPs act as scaffolding proteins that facilitate membrane events, including both fission and fusion, determined by their binding partners. BDCPs may also bind each other, enabling fusion or fission of vesicles that are not necessarily of the same type. Such mechanisms explain why different BDCPs may have roles in autophagy; each BDCP is specific for the cell type or the cargo, but not necessarily specific for attaching to the autophagosome. Further elucidation of these mechanisms, preferably carrying out the same experiment on multiple BDCPs, and possibly using patients' cells, may identify potential targets for therapy.
Towards Resource-Aware Network of Networks (2010)

Technological progresses will allow processing, storage and communication services to be pervasively extended to enable any possible interactions of people, machines and smart objects. As a consequence, future Telecommunication network will become more complex and heterogeneous, and the task of ensuring end-to-end Quality of Experience will be even more challenging, also considering the high dynamicity of resources. Users' devices, nodes, machines, smart objects and the surrounding space (e.g., with sensors, RFID tags, etc.) will create a highly decentralized common pool of resources interconnected by dynamic Networks of Networks that should be “Resource Aware”. These “Resource Aware Network of Networks” should be able to reconfigure and self-organize (with limited human intervention) by taking into account the dynamic availability of resources and the requirements ecosystems of applications. The scope of this paper is presenting this vision, the main technological approach and some initial experimental results.
Intrussion detection by penetration test in an organization network (2009)

This paper presents a study made on network security in an organization's local area network (LAN). Intrusion detection test in a campus network was performed using penetration test methods and the results analyzed. The objectives were to identify different form of network attacks and methods used to capture the hacking. During the study, the risks and attacks caused by hackers to the network were evaluated. The results obtained are seen as a good indicator of the security state of the network. Hence, an organization network that responds well to penetration test can be given a certificate. Such certificate will provide a positive sign and confidence to the network users. The study was conducted in a dynamic situation by doing experiments during different periods of time. The case study was a campus LAN, The network administrator permitted network information like Internet protocol (IP) address to be gathered and analyzed and to performed the penetration test that enabled , hackers and attackers methods to be dentified. It was realized that 90% of network the users has no fear of the network security risk inspite of the finding that network security rating of the case study is at 50 percent.
Cationic Lipid-DNA Complexes for Gene Therapy: Understanding the Relationship Between Complex Structure and Gene Delivery Pathways at the Molecular Level (2004)

Cationic liposomes (CLs) are used as gene vectors (carriers) in worldwide human clinical trials of non-viral gene therapy. These lipid-gene complexes have the potential of transferring large pieces of DNA of up to 1 million base-pairs into cells. As our understanding of the mechanisms of action of CL-DNA complexes remains poor, transfection efficiencies are still low when compared to gene delivery with viral vectors. We describe recent studies with a combination of techniques (synchrotron x-ray diffraction for structure determination, laser-scanning confocal microscopy to probe the interactions of CL-DNA particles with cells, and luciferase reporter-gene expression assays to measure transfection efficiencies in mammalian cells), which collectively are beginning to unravel the relationship between the distinctly structured CL-DNA complexes and their transfection efficiency. The work described here is applicable to transfection optimization in ex vivo cell transfection, where cells are removed and returned to patients after transfection. CL-DNA complexes primarily form a multilayered sandwich structure with DNA layered between the cationic lipids (labeled L(alpha)(C)). On rare occasions, an inverted hexagonal structure with DNA encapsulated in lipid tubules (labeled H(II)(C)) is observed. A major recent insight is that for L(alpha)(C) complexes the membrane charge density sigma(M) of the CL-vector, rather than the charge of the cationic lipid alone, is a key universal parameter that governs the transfection efficiency of L(alpha)(C) complexes in cells. The parameter sigma(M) is a measure of the average charge per unit area of the membrane, thus taking into account the amount of neutral lipids. In contrast to L(alpha)(C) complexes, H(II)(C) complexes containing the lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerophosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) exhibit no dependence on sigma(M). The current limiting factor to transfection by cationic lipid vectors appears to be the tight association of a fraction of the delivered exogenous DNA with cationic cellular molecules, which may prevent optimal transcriptional activity. Future directions are outlined, which make use of surface-functionalized CL-DNA complexes suitable for transfection in vivo.
Vertical integration of a spin dependent tunnel junction with an amorphous Si diode for MRAM application (1999)

This work demonstrates the successful vertical integration of magnetic tunneling junctions with hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) diodes. In the finished device over 11.4% current change was measured when the junction free layer is switched in an external magnetic field, applying 0.86 V to the tunnel junction-diode series. In the integrated device, the TMR signal of the junction measured alone was 25.3% at 7 mV bias, demonstrating junction robustness and process compatibility. The /spl Delta/I/I signal of the junction-diode series was optimized by changing the junction resistance. With the present a-Si:H technology, an RC time constant below 25 ns is calculated, higher than the 2.5 ns estimated for the tunneling junction.
Intraoperative volume restriction in esophageal cancer surgery: an exploratory randomized clinical trial (2015)

Restriction of intraoperative applied volume does not significantly affect pulmonary exchange function or tissue perfusion in patients undergoing surgical treatment for esophageal cancer.
Synthesis and pharmacological activities of calcium modulatory hexahydroquinolinones. (1991)

Hexahydroquinolinones of type 6 are accessible from Hantzsch-like cyclization of 1,3-cyclohexanedione with aromatic aldehydes and different beta-aminocrotonates and acetoacetates/ammonia, respectively. Reaction with pyridiniumbromideperbromide leads to the octahydrofuro[3,4-b] guinoline-diones 6h and 6i. 6j was obtained by N-alkylation. Positive inotropic effects were observed on electrically stimulated left atria of guinea pigs whereas BaCl2-induced contractions of the ileum were inhibited in a dose dependent manner. On electrically stimulated guinea pig papillary muscle 6h exhibits contractility promoting effects which can be attributed to calcium agonism.
Renalase, a new secretory enzyme: Its role in hypertensive-ischemic cardiovascular diseases (2014)

Abstract Renalase, a novel amine oxidase, is mainly expressed in the kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle. It has been known to degrade circulating catecholamines and plays a crucial role in human diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated its structure, unique bioactivities, function, and the gene polymorphisms in human diseases. In this review, we summarize the effects of renalase on hypertension, myocardial ischemia, acute kidney injury (AKI), ischemic stroke, cardiac dysfunction, organ transplantation, and diabetes mellitus reported in numerous studies.
Surfactants: Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Aspects (2013)

Surfactants are amphipathic substances with lyophobic and lyophilic groups and are critical components in pharmaceutical products. Surfactants have several uses in pharmaceuticals, i) for solubilisation of hydrophobic drugs in aqueous media, ii) as components of emulsions ,iii) surfactant self-assembly vehicles for oral and transdermal drug delivery, iv) as plasticizers in semisolid delivery systems, and v) as agents to improve drug absorption and penetration. Non-ionic surfactants such as ethers of fatty alcohols are most commonly used in pharmaceuticals. Cationic surfactants are capable of exerting antibacterial properties by disrupting bacterial cell membranes. In pharmaceutical processing, phospholipid lecithin, bile salts, certain fatty acids and their derivatives have become indispensable since they afford a uniquely effective and eficient mechanism of drug carriage by solubilising the drugs of fatty origin. The antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities make biosurfactants relevant molecules for applications in combating many diseases and as therapeutic agents. Biosurfactants have the potential for use as major immunomodulatory molecules, as anti-adhesive biological coating for biomaterials, in vaccines and gene therapy, and they may be incorporated into probiotic preparations to combat urogenetical tract infections and pulmonary immunotherapy. Gemini surfactants are effective potential transfection agents for non-viral gene therapy. Ionic liquids act as secondary surfactants and the use of surfactant/ionic liquid systems should be explored to build speciic properties in the organized medium, and to explore pharmaceutical applications of traditional, biosurfactant and Gemini surfactants.
Pemphigus Vulgaris Antibody Identifies Pemphaxin (2000)

Because pemphigus vulgaris (PV) IgGs adsorbed on the rDsg3-Ig-His baculoprotein induced blisters in neonatal mice, it was proposed that anti-desmoglein 3 (Dsg 3) autoantibody causes PV. However, we found that rDsg3-Ig-His absorbs autoantibodies to different antigens, including a non-Dsg 3 keratinocyte protein of 130 kDa. This prompted our search for novel targets of PV autoimmunity. The PV IgG eluted from a 75-kDa keratinocyte protein band both stained epidermis in a pemphigus-like pattern and induced acantholysis in keratinocyte monolayers. Screening of a keratinocyte lambdagt11 cDNA library with this antibody identified clones carrying cDNA inserts encoding a novel molecule exhibiting approximately 40% similarity with annexin-2, named pemphaxin (PX). Recombinant PX (rPX-His) was produced in Escherichia coli M15 cells, and, because annexins can act as cholinergic receptors, its conformation was tested in a cholinergic radioligand binding assay. rPX-His specifically bound [(3)H]acetylcholine, suggesting that PX is one of the keratinocyte cholinergic receptors known to be targeted by disease-causing PV antibodies. Preabsorption of PV sera with rPX-His eliminated acantholytic activity, and eluted antibody immunoprecipitated native PX. This antibody alone did not cause skin blisters in vivo, but its addition to the preabsorbed PV IgG fraction restored acantholytic activity, indicating that acantholysis in PV results from synergistic action of antibodies to different keratinocyte self-antigens, including both acetylcholine receptors and desmosomal cadherins.
MEMS inertial rate and acceleration sensor (2002)

Development of the /spl mu/SCIRAS/sup TM/ (pronounced micro-Cyrus) multisensor for a period of over six years has produced a practical MEMS Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Using only three silicon sensors, a full-up IMU suitable for tactical grade navigation and guidance applications has been achieved. Iterative improvements in silicon sensor design and bulk micromachining processes have matured to the point where an IMU with an attractive price/performance ratio is now producible. This paper summarizes the design features and test results for an IMU with <100 deg/hr performance. Test results are shown for rate bias and acceleration bias over temperature. Production of this initial member of the /spl mu/SCIRAS product family begins in 1998 to support applications including guided artillery shells, technology insertion to decrease missile costs, navigation of remotely-piloted vehicles, dismounted soldier location devices and other navigation aids. The small size of this silicon multisensor and its ability to measure both angular rotation rate and linear acceleration provides a useful advantage in product packaging, cost, size, and system testing. The /spl mu/SCIRAS Inertial Sensor Assembly (ISA) is housed in a 2 cubic inch package weighing less than 5 ounces (140 grams) and requiring less than 0.8 W of power. Continuing development will lead to greatly improved performance on the order of 1 deg/hr at very low prices in high-volume production.
Channel-optimized subband video coding for channels with a power constraint (2002)

A video communication system based on combined source-channel coding is proposed. The proposed system uses a hybrid subband video coder structure in combination with power-constrained channel-optimized vector quantization (PCCOVQ) to achieve efficient and robust transmission of the video signal over a channel with multidimensional PAM signaling. The error-sensitive side information parameters are protected by using traditional channel coding and a sufficiently large minimum distance of the PAM signal constellation. This ensures error free transmission for the channel-optimized case, and graceful degradation for channel mismatch situations. For the main information, PCCOVQ with a direct mapping from the source parameter space to the channel (modulation) space is used. A traditional video communication system based on the H.263 video coder is used as a reference. The proposed system compares favorably to the reference system for high rate applications, and offers graceful degradation for channel mismatch situations.
A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection of antibodies against<i>Trichinella spiralis</i>and<i>T. britovi</i>– one test for humans and swine (2017)

Infection with parasites from the Trichinella genus occurs in many vertebrates but disease only occurs in humans (trichinellosis). Humans are infected after the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from infected wild or domestic animals (usually swine or horses). Using the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7C2C5, specific for an epitope unique to the muscle larvae of the genus Trichinella, we have developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) that enables the rapid detection of Trichinella-specific antibodies in sera originating from two different host species (human, swine) infected with either Trichinella spiralis or Trichinella britovi. This novel c-ELISA exhibited 100% specificity and sensitivity, as confirmed by a Western blot test. The assay is easy to use (one incubation step), and the time required for the procedure (45 min) is shorter than in any other ELISA format. This test could be useful for both the detection and surveillance of Trichinella infections.
Early Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Mixing Lispro With Glargine Insulin (2010)

OBJECTIVE Clinicians who treat children with type 1 diabetes often try to minimize the number of daily injections to reduce treatment burden and improve compliance. Despite the manufacturer's cautions against mixing glargine with rapid-acting insulin analogs, clinical studies have failed to demonstrate deleterious effects of mixing on glucose excursions or A1C levels. However, no formal glucose clamp studies have been performed to determine whether mixing with glargine has an adverse effect on the early pharmacodynamic action of rapid-acting insulin in humans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To examine this question, euglycemic glucose clamps were performed twice, in random order, in 11 youth with type 1 diabetes (age 15.1 +/- 3 years, A1C 7.6 +/- 0.6%) with 0.2 units/kg lispro and 0.4 units/kg glargine, given either as separate or as a single mixed injection. RESULTS Mixing the two insulins shifted the time action curve to the right, with significantly lower glucose infusion rate (GIR) values after the mixed injections between 60 and 190 min and significantly higher values between 270 and 300 min, lowered the GIR(max) (separate 7.1 +/- 1 vs. mix 3.9 +/- 1, P = 0.03), and markedly delayed the time to reach GIR(max) (separate 116 +/- 8 min vs. mix 209 +/- 15 min, P = 0.004). The GIR area under the curve was significantly lower after the mixed injections. Mixing had similar effects on plasma insulin pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that mixing lispro with glargine markedly flattens the early pharmacodynamic peak of lispro and causes a shift to the right in the GIR curve changes that might lead to difficulties in controlling meal-related glucose excursions.
A gold nanoparticle-based semi-quantitative and quantitative ultrasensitive paper sensor for the detection of twenty mycotoxins (2016)

A semi-quantitative and quantitative multi-immunochromatographic (ICA) strip detection assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of twenty types of mycotoxins from five classes, including zearalenones (ZEAs), deoxynivalenols (DONs), T-2 toxins (T-2s), aflatoxins (AFs), and fumonisins (FBs), in cereal food samples. Sensitive and specific monoclonal antibodies were selected for this assay. The semi-quantitative results were obtained within 20 min by the naked eye, with visual limits of detection for ZEAs, DONs, T-2s, AFs and FBs of 0.1-0.5, 2.5-250, 0.5-1, 0.25-1 and 2.5-10 μg kg(-1), and cut-off values of 0.25-1, 5-500, 1-10, 0.5-2.5 and 5-25 μg kg(-1), respectively. The quantitative results were obtained using a hand-held strip scan reader, with the calculated limits of detection for ZEAs, DONs, T-2s, AFs and FBs of 0.04-0.17, 0.06-49, 0.15-0.22, 0.056-0.49 and 0.53-1.05 μg kg(-1), respectively. The analytical results of spiked samples were in accordance with the accurate content in the simultaneous detection analysis. This newly developed ICA strip assay is suitable for the on-site detection and rapid initial screening of mycotoxins in cereal samples, facilitating both semi-quantitative and quantitative determination.
Dissolution Rate Enhancement by Adsorption of Poorly Soluble Drugs on Hydrophilic Silica Aerogels (2004)

The aim of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of hydrophilic silica aerogels as drug carriers and to investigate the influence of the aerogels properties on the release rate of poorly water-soluble drugs. Hydrophilic silica aerogels of different densities were loaded with two model drugs, ketoprofen and griseofulvin, by adsorption from their solution in supercritical CO2. It is demonstrated that up to 30 wt% of ketoprofen and 5.4 wt% of griseofulvin can be deposited on hydrophilic aerogels through physical adsorption. The obtained drug-aerogel formulations were characterized by IR- and UV-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Release kinetics of both drugs were studied in vitro. The release rate of ketoprofen from the drug-aerogel formulation is much faster than that of the corresponding crystalline drugs. The release rate of ketoprofen increases in 500% and that of griseofulvin in 450%, respectively. The reasons for the release enhancement are the enlarged specific surface area of drugs by adsorption on aerogels compared to their crystalline form and the immediate collapse of aerogel network in aqueous media. The dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drugs can be significantly enhanced by adsorption on highly porous hydrophilic silica aerogels.
Rate Constants for Reactions of Peroxyl Radicals in Fluid Solutions (1990)

Absolute rate constants for reactions of alkylperoxyl and substituted alkylperoxyl radicals with inorganic and organic compounds in aqueous and non-aqueous fluid solutions have been compiled. The radicals have been generated by radiolysis or photolysis and their rate constants were determined generally by kinetic spectrophotometry or esr. Rate constants are included also for formation of peroxyl radicals by reaction of alkyl radicals with oxygen and for decay of peroxyl radicals by radical-radical reactions.
IP Address Location Privacy and Mobile IPv6: Problem Statement (2007)

In this document, we discuss location privacy as applicable to Mobile
IPv6. We document the concerns arising from revealing a Home Address
to an onlooker and from disclosing a Care-of Address to a
correspondent. This memo provides information for the Internet
community.
Chemistry of the Oxo and Related Reactions. IV. Reductions in the Aromatic Series<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of the Oxo and Related Reactions. IV. Reductions in the Aromatic Series1Irving Wender, Harold Greenfield, and Milton OrchinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 6, 2656–2658Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01150a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01150a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views298Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts