gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow Contains Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (1997)

Immunizing bone marrow donors prior to bone marrow transplant (BMT) has the potential for adoptively transferring specific immunity against opportunistic pathogens. Studies have shown that long-term antibody production occurs in the bone marrow and that specific humoral immunity may be transferred from donor to recipient following BMT. However, the magnitude and duration of T-cell memory in the bone marrow compartment has not been adequately investigated. In this study, virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in the bone marrow were compared with those observed in the spleen of mice acutely infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). During the acute stages of infection, most CD8+ T cells in the spleen and bone marrow showed upregulated surface expression of the activation/memory marker, LFA-1 (LFA-1[hi]). After clearing LCMV infection, the antiviral immune response subsided to homeostatic levels and the ratio of CD8+/LFA-1(hi) to CD8+/LFA-1(lo) T cells in the spleen and bone marrow of LCMV immune mice returned to the value observed in naive mice. Virus-specific ex vivo effector cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses could be identified in both spleen and bone marrow compartments at 8 days postinfection. LCMV-specific CTL precursor (CTLp) frequencies peaked in the bone marrow at 8 days postinfection and averaged one in 200 to one in 650 CD8+ T cells, a frequency similar to that observed in the spleen. After clearing the acute infection, potent LCMV-specific CTL memory responses could be demonstrated in the bone marrow for at least 325 days postinfection, indicating long-term persistence of antiviral T cells at this site. Adoptive transfer of LCMV-immune bone marrow into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice provided protection against viral challenge, whereas SCID mice that received naive bone marrow became chronically infected upon challenge with LCMV. These results indicate that after acute viral infection, virus-specific memory T cells can be found in the bone marrow compartment and are maintained for an extended period, and when adoptively transferred into an immunodeficient host, they are capable of conferring protection against chronic viral infection.
Machine learning in the interpreter’s toolbox: Unsupervised, supervised, and deep-learning applications (2018)

Recent advances in both hardware and software have brought machine learning techniques to the forefront of many industries, disrupting traditional workflows and creating new opportunities. When applied to geophysical data and images, these same technologies have the potential to transform tasks ranging from data acquisition to processing, imaging, and interpretation. Here, we explore the latter category by presenting three applications of machine learning for seismic interpretation purposes: unsupervised clustering of image data according to AVA response; supervised classification of lithology or geomorphology based on seismic texture attributes; and seismic image resolution enhancement enabled by a “deep” learning algorithm. A common theme through each of these examples is the necessity for tight integration between the algorithms themselves and the geoscientific expertise required both to train the algorithms and to validate and interpret their results. As machine learning techniques become central to an increasing number of geophysical workflows, an emerging model of interaction between subject-matter experts and algorithms is one of a virtuous feedback loop – SME’s provide their expertise to improve the performance of algorithms, which in turn can provide richer or higher-quality information than would otherwise be available to the SME’s. Presentation Date: Monday, October 15, 2018 Start Time: 1:50:00 PM Location: 204B (Anaheim Convention Center) Presentation Type: Oral
<i>Candida albicans</i> cell surface superoxide dismutases degrade host‐derived reactive oxygen species to escape innate immune surveillance (2008)

Mammalian innate immune cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the oxidative burst reaction to destroy invading microbial pathogens. Using quantitative real-time ROS assays, we show here that both yeast and filamentous forms of the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans trigger ROS production in primary innate immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells. Through a reverse genetic approach, we demonstrate that coculture of macrophages or myeloid dendritic cells with C. albicans cells lacking the superoxide dismutase (SOD) Sod5 leads to massive extracellular ROS accumulation in vitro. ROS accumulation was further increased in coculture with fungal cells devoid of both Sod4 and Sod5. Survival experiments show that C. albicans mutants lacking Sod5 and Sod4 exhibit a severe loss of viability in the presence of macrophages in vitro. The reduced viability of sod5Delta/Delta and sod4Delta/Deltasod5Delta/Delta mutants relative to wild type is not evident with macrophages from gp91phox(-/-) mice defective in the oxidative burst activity, demonstrating a ROS-dependent killing activity of macrophages targeting fungal pathogens. These data show a physiological role for cell surface SODs in detoxifying ROS, and suggest a mechanism whereby C. albicans, and perhaps many other microbial pathogens, can evade host immune surveillance in vivo.
Clinical and genetic study of a large Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 2A family from southern Italy (2001)

The authors report a large pedigree from southern Italy with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A). The clinical picture was uniform and characterized by distal muscular weakness and atrophy in the lower limbs, reduced or absent tendon reflexes mainly in the lower limbs, and mild sensory impairment in the feet. Significant linkage to the CMT2A locus on chromosome 1p35-p36 was detected. Based on informative recombination in affected individuals, the authors mapped the CMT2A gene between D1S160 and D1S170.
A 50-MHz Logarithmic Amplifier for Use in Lidar Measurements* (2002)

A high-speed logarithmic amplifier that has been successfully used to improve the dynamic range of a scanning lidar is described. The amplifier incorporates built-in baseline correction and calibration circuits, allowing for real-time offset and temperature corrections. Using a commercial 12-bit analog-to-digital converter, the equivalent linear input signal can be recovered to an accuracy of ±0.5%, while maintaining a dynamic range of more than four decades.
Fabrication and Performance of All-Solid-State Li–Air Battery with SWCNTs/LAGP Cathode (2015)

The all-solid-state Li-air battery has been fabricated, which is constructed by a lithium foil anode, a NASICON-type solid state electrolyte Li1+xAlyGe2-y(PO4)3 (LAGP) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)/LAGP nanoparticles composite as air electrode. Its electrochemical performance was investigated in air atmosphere. Particularly, this battery exhibited a larger capacity about 2800 mAh g(-1) for the first cycle, while comparatively the battery with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/LAGP as cathode had a capacity of only about 1700 mAh g(-1). Also, the battery with SWCNTs/LAGP showed improved cycling performance with a reversible capacity of 1000 mAh g(-1) at a current density of 200 mA g(-1). Our result demonstrated that the all-solid-state Li-air battery with SWCNTs/LAGP as cathode catalyst has a considerable potential for practical application.
Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement from Waveform Pin-Fins (2013)

The work reported in this paper is an attempt to enhance heat transfer in electronic devices with the use of waveform pin-finned heat sinks. The cooling performance of electronic devices has attracted increased attention owing to the demand of compact size, higher power densities and demands on system performance and re-liability. Pressure drop across heat sink is one of the key variables that govern the thermal performance of the heat sink in forced convection environment. There are several analytical methods to estimate the heat transfer rate, however correctly selecting one that can represent the reality over a range of airflow found in typical electronics cooling application is difficult. In this paper, we propose a modified experimental method to estimate the heat transfer and used it to calculate the thermal performance through different theoretical pressure drop equations. The rapid advancement in technology of microprocessors has led electronics thermal system designer is to pay increased attention to the waveform fin heat sink. The advantages of using a waveform fin heat sink are light weight, low profile and small footprint. There are three manufacturing methods for bonding the waveform fin to the base of heat sink: adhesive bonding, soldering, and brazing.The newly developed comparison method allowed a detailed numerical study of the influence of waveform pin cross-section on the performance of pin fin arrays used in the electronics industry.
The Field Effect Transistor (1955)

Previous work on field-effect transistors considered the performance of the device when operated with electric fields in the channel below the critical field, E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , where the mobility of carriers becomes dependent on field. This work is reviewed and it is shown that, in this range of operation, the frequency cut-off, f, and transconductance, g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> , of the device increase with increasing values of electric field. New theory is derived for the performance with electric fields greater than E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , where the mobility is proportional to E <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1/2</sup> . It is shown that, although both f and g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> continue to increase with electric field in this range, the corresponding increase in the power dissipated is so rapid that such designs are unattractive. It is concluded that a good compromise is to operate with the average channel field equal to E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> . The performance in this particular case is considered in detail and the results summarized in a design nomograph. It is found that f is inversely proportional to the “pinch-off” voltage. The pinch-off voltage cannot, however, be made indefinitely small because the gate junction must be in the saturated condition. A reasonable estimate of the minimum voltage is ½ volt and this leads to a maximum value of f of 1,000 mc/s. A description is given of the fabrication and performance of several field-effect transistors operating in both the constant and non-constant mobility ranges. It is shown that the performance of these units is in agreement with theory. One of these units had a frequency cut-off of 50 mc/s with a transconductance of 1.6 ma/v when operated at 40 volts and 40 ma.
UNDERSTANDING SOFTWARE PRODUCTIVITY (1995)

What affects software productivity and how do we improve it? This report examines the current state of the art in software productivity measurement. In turn, it describes a framework for understanding software productivity, some fundamentals of measurement, surveys empirical studies of software productivity, and identifies challenges involved in measuring software productivity. A radical alternative to current approaches is suggested: to construct, evaluate, deploy, and evolve a knowledge-based &quot;software productivity modeling and simulation system&quot; using tools and techniques from the domain of software process engineering. 1 This is a revised and expanded version of the paper that originally appeared in the Intern. J. Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Vol. 1(3), 293-321, (1991). This version will appear in Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering: Trends for the Next Decade, D. Hurley (ed.), Vol. 4, World Scientific Press, (1995). 1 1. Overview What affects sof...
Therapy of patients with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus I-induced adult T-cell leukemia with anti-Tac, a monoclonal antibody to the receptor for interleukin-2 (1988)

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-I)-induced adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells constitutively express interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors identified by the anti-Tac monoclonal antibody (MoAb), whereas normal resting cells do not. This observation provided the scientific basis for a trial of intravenous anti-Tac in the treatment of nine patients with ATL. The patients did not suffer untoward reactions and did not have a reduction in the normal formed elements of the blood, and only one of the nine produced antibodies to the anti-Tac MoAb. Three patients had transient mixed, partial, or complete remissions lasting from 1 to more than 8 months after anti-Tac therapy, as assessed by routine hematologic tests, immunofluorescence analysis of circulating cells, and molecular genetic analysis of HTLV-I provirus integration and of the T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. The precise mechanism of the antitumor effects is unclear; however, the use of a MoAb that prevents the interaction of IL-2 with its receptor on ATL cells provides a rational approach for the treatment of this malignancy.
Phase II study of pembrolizumab (MK-3475) for relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (r/r cHL): keynote-087 (2015)

Meeting abstracts The prognosis is poor for patients with cHL who relapse after autologous stem-cell transplant (auto-SCT) or progress after brentuximab vedotin (BV) therapy. cHL frequently harbors genetic amplification at 9p24.1, which leads to overexpression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on the tumor cell
Preliminary trials to manufacture high-fructose syrup from chicory roots. (1990)

En appliquant les procedes de la sucrerie de betteraves pour le decoupage et la diffusion, on a produit des jus de diffusion provenant de racines de chicoree. On a optimise differentes methodes d'epuration acide. On a effectue un essai de conservation sur deux annees du sirop de fructose
Relationship between degree of casein hydrolysis and phosphopeptide release (1997)

In an approach to develop a commercial-scale process for the production of casein phosphopeptides containing the cluster sequence-SerP-SerP-SerP-Glu-Glu-, we have studied the relationship between casein hydrolysis and phosphopeptide release. The degrees of hydrolysis (DH) of casein using Novo trypsin PTN 3.0 S and pancreatin 4NF independently, at enzyme to substrate (E:S) ratios of 1:50-1:1600 (by weight), were determined using the pH-stat method. Casein phosphopeptides (CPP) were selectively precipitated using Ca2+ and ethanol from the acid-clarified hydrolysates. The precipitates were analysed by high performance capillary electrophoresis to calculate individual phosphopeptide yields based on extinction coefficients of the purified peptides. Individual peptides were purified by reversed-phase HPLC and anion-exchange FPLC and characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and amino acid sequence analysis. For both enzymes, lowering the E:S ratio resulted in reductions in the DH and the release of the CPP, and an increase in peptide chain length. The longer chain length offset the reduction in release such that the gravimetric yields of CPP preparations remained relatively constant. For Novo trypsin the highest yields of the major cluster peptides (beta-casein(CN)f(1-25), alpha s1-CNf(59-79), alpha s2-CNf(1-21), alpha s2-CNf(46-70) and related peptides) in the selective precipitates were obtained at a casein DH of 17%. At lower DH values (9-15%), there was a decrease in yield of the peptides derived from alpha s1-CN and alpha s2-CN while the yield of the beta-CN-derived cluster peptides remained relatively constant. The CPP produced using pancreatin were found to be truncated at all E:S ratios, relative to the tryptic CPP, owing to higher levels of chymotryptic and carboxypeptidase activities in pancreatin. The highest yields of the truncated forms of the major cluster peptides using pancreatin were obtained at a casein DH of 19-23%.
Effects of probe damage on wire bond integrity (2002)

The electrical performance and reliability of all manufactured integrated circuit devices is evaluated through wafer level test. During wafer testing, probe needles are brought in mechanical contact with aluminum bond pads and electrical contact is made as the probes "scrub" through the oxide and contaminants on the pad surface. This scrubbing action causes the probe needle to disturb or damage the pad metal. This scrub damage can adversely impact the wire bond quality at assembly and add extra costs by lowering bond and assembly yields. As the amount of pad damage increases, the strength and integrity of the bond is reduced. If the bond is too weak, the ball could potentially lift off the pad during the bond process, at assembly, or at some point during the service life of the device. This effect is exacerbated for smaller bond pads since a larger percentage of the total pad area is damaged during probe. This paper describes a controlled experimental study that involved wire bonding to unprobed and probed aluminum bond pads. The probed wafers were generated such that pads had one, two, three, or four touchdowns offset from one another with measured damage ranging from 10-45% of total pad area. Analyses on bonded units concluded that the critical damage threshold is about 20%. Probe damage beyond this limit resulted in an increased incidence of lifted ball bonds and general degradation of the bond process. A package reliability test carried out on dies with >20% pad damage yielded no failures indicating perhaps that excessive pad damage is more of a quality issue than a reliability concern, at least for the one package and die size used in this study.
Detection of buried plant (1988)

A wideband microwave holographic method for imaging buried objects with high azimuth and range resolution is described. The method incorporates a synthetic aperture approach in pulse radar systems, originally designed for the pulse-echo imaging, to improve azimuth resolution. The resolving capability of the method is discussed in terms of controlling parameters such as the synthetic aperture length, soil conductivity and dielectric constant, and antenna beamwidth. Since the propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave in soil, which varies from soil to soil, is an essential parameter for reconstructing object images by the method, a method of minimum squared error estimation of the propagation velocity from a pulse-echo image is proposed. Results of underground object image reconstruction from real pulse-echo data is reported to demonstrate high estimation accuracy of the propagation velocity and fine resolution of the reconstructed image.
Depending on the weather (1993)

The production of oil from the North Sea is subject to substantial risks, from unforeseen delays, exchange rate movements to the consequences of poor equipment specification. Such offshore operations are additionally subject to a more physical buffeting from the environment, with weather and sea introducing a major source of uncertainty demanding special planning. Many OR techniques are designed to help managers in these situations, so that while precise problems may not be predicted, a more robust programme can be designed which is more likely to survive a sea of uncertainty. Gill Mould describes how traditional OR techniques have been used to model weather risk.
Tumour‐associated monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis and assessment of ovarian cancer (1987)

A tumour-associated radiolabelled monoclonal antibody (HMFG 2) was used to investigate 51 patients who were referred with a pelvic mass and suspected ovarian cancer or recurrent disease. The day before operation the 123I-labelled antibody was injected and the patients then underwent radioimmunoscintigraphy immediately and again 4 and 22 h after the injection. An exploratory laparotomy with appropriate surgery was then performed and the tumours were staged. Tumours were positively imaged 3 min-22 h after injection in all the patients with ovarian cancer, with a mean 0.6% of the injected antibody taken up by the tumour. The presence of HMFG antigen on the tumour was confirmed by immunoperoxidase staining of the surgically-removed tissues. Of the 51 patients, 39 proved to have ovarian cancer. The accuracy of diagnosis and detection of primary and metastatic malignant disease was 95% when correlating pre-operative radioimmune scan findings and laparotomy findings. The procedure is minimally invasive, apparently without side-effects and offers information for tumour detection as an adjunct or alternative to existing methods.
Fully Symmetrical Monolithic Transformer (True 1 : 1) for Silicon RFIC (2008)

A novel on-chip transformer configuration that gives an identical inductor pair, a higher individual coil self-resonant frequency (SRF), and excellent area efficiency are presented. This technique involves the unique way of inter-crossing the transformer's primary and secondary coils using multiple metallization layers. Truly symmetrical transformer configuration (100%) is demonstrated using minimum die size. Thus, a true 1 : 1 transformer has been realized on silicon. The effects of the parasitic within the transformer are represented by an equivalent-circuit model. Accurate semiempirical expressions describing the circuit components are provided based on the various layout parameters. Of all the transformer structures presented, the two designs occupying the minimum silicon area by a factor of > 2× have been selected for performance evaluation of the SRF, coupling coefficient, input impedance, quality factor, and inductance. The transmission line transformer mode has also been studied to examine the designs' performance in the differential mode. The second proposed design reported in this paper, with enhancements in <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> 21 and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> performance, is created by adding a unique routing technique onto the first proposed structure. The method presented is fully compatible with the standard foundry CMOS processes. The silicon data reported in this study are based on chartered semiconductor manufacturing's 0.13-mum RF CMOS technology node.
Omega-3 Supplementation Combined With Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Lowers Vitreal Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2014)

This study demonstrated that omega-3 supplementation combined with anti-VEGF treatment is associated with decreased vitreal VEGF-A levels in wet AMD patients.