gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed metal oxide systems for organic photovoltaics (2009)

We have employed mixed metal oxide materials in various roles in organic and hybrid-organic photovoltaic (OPV/h-OPV) devices. In the case of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices we have used an inorganic HTL layer (NiO) constructed by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to replace the standard PEDOT:PSS HTL in a poly(3-hexythiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) BHJ OPV device. We have also examined in detail the changes in the electric field at the polymer-oxide interface in planar P3HT;metal oxide h-OPV devices both with experimental studies and through modeling of the h-OPV polymer/acceptor interface. For our h-OPV experimental studies we examine ZnO, TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and Nb:TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> acceptors constructed using PLD in which the doping levels have been controlled using a digital modulation scheme.
Static and dynamic optimization problems in cooperative multi-agent systems (2018)

This dissertation focuses on challenging static and dynamic problems encountered in cooperative multi-agent systems. First, a unified optimization framework is proposed for a wide range of tasks including consensus, optimal coverage, and resource allocation problems. It allows gradient-based algorithms to be applied to solve these problems, all of which have been studied in a separate way in the past. Gradient-based algorithms are shown to be distributed for a subclass of problems where objective functions can be decoupled.\n\nSecond, the issue of global optimality is studied for optimal coverage problems where agents are deployed to maximize the joint detection probability. Objective functions in these problems are non-convex and no global optimum can be guaranteed by gradient-based algorithms developed to date. In order to obtain a solution close to the global optimum, the selection of initial conditions is crucial. The initial state is determined by an additional optimization problem where the objective function is monotone submodular, a class of functions for which the greedy solution performance is guaranteed to be within a provable bound relative to the optimal performance. The bound is known to be within 1 − 1/e of the optimal solution and is improved by exploiting the curvature information of the objective function. The greedy solution is subsequently used as an initial point of a gradient-based algorithm for the original optimal coverage problem. In addition, a novel method is proposed to escape a local optimum in a systematic way instead of randomly perturbing controllable variables away from a local optimum.\n\nFinally, optimal dynamic formation control problems are addressed for mobile leader-follower networks. Optimal formations are determined by maximizing a given objective function while continuously preserving communication connectivity in a time-varying environment. It is shown that in a convex mission space, the connectivity constraints can be satisfied by any feasible solution to a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problem. For the class of optimal formation problems where the objective is to maximize coverage, the optimal formation is proven to be a tree which can be efficiently constructed without solving a MINLP problem. In a mission space constrained by obstacles, a minimum-effort reconfiguration approach is designed for obtaining the formation which still optimizes the objective function while avoiding the obstacles and ensuring connectivity.
CERR: A computational environment for radiotherapy research (2003)

A software environment is described, called the computational environment for radiotherapy research (CERR, pronounced "sir"). CERR partially addresses four broad needs in treatment planning research: (a) it provides a convenient and powerful software environment to develop and prototype treatment planning concepts, (b) it serves as a software integration environment to combine treatment planning software written in multiple languages (MATLAB, FORTRAN, C/C++, JAVA, etc.), together with treatment plan information (computed tomography scans, outlined structures, dose distributions, digital films, etc.), (c) it provides the ability to extract treatment plans from disparate planning systems using the widely available AAPM/RTOG archiving mechanism, and (d) it provides a convenient and powerful tool for sharing and reproducing treatment planning research results. The functional components currently being distributed, including source code, include: (1) an import program which converts the widely available AAPM/RTOG treatment planning format into a MATLAB cell-array data object, facilitating manipulation; (2) viewers which display axial, coronal, and sagittal computed tomography images, structure contours, digital films, and isodose lines or dose colorwash, (3) a suite of contouring tools to edit and/or create anatomical structures, (4) dose-volume and dose-surface histogram calculation and display tools, and (5) various predefined commands. CERR allows the user to retrieve any AAPM/RTOG key word information about the treatment plan archive. The code is relatively self-describing, because it relies on MATLAB structure field name definitions based on the AAPM/RTOG standard. New structure field names can be added dynamically or permanently. New components of arbitrary data type can be stored and accessed without disturbing system operation. CERR has been applied to aid research in dose-volume-outcome modeling, Monte Carlo dose calculation, and treatment planning optimization. In summary, CERR provides a powerful, convenient, and common framework which allows researchers to use common patient data sets, and compare and share research results.
Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy Requiring Prolonged Endotracheal and Noninvasive Assisted Ventilation: Not a Uniformly Fatal Condition (1998)

In this report we present two infants with congenital myotonic dystrophy (CMD) who were successfully weaned from prolonged ventilatory support using nasal continuous positive airway pressure (N-CPAP). The first infant received 127 days of endotracheal mechanical ventilation as part of 141 days of total ventilatory support, including N-CPAP; the second infant received 27 days of endotracheal mechanical ventilation as part of 84 days of total ventilatory support. Noninvasive N-CPAP facilitated weaning these two infants from ventilatory support, thereby minimizing the morbidity associated with prolonged intubation. The developmental outcomes of our two infants were comparable to infants not requiring prolonged endotracheal mechanical ventilation. We suggest that this noninvasive modality of ventilatory support may be advantageous in the management and beneficial to the outcome of infants with CMD who are respirator-dependent >30 days.
Ultrasonic Acoustic Sensing (1987)

The ultrasonic response of single mode fibers has been studied in the frequency regimes where the fiber is isotropic and anisotropic. Good agreement has been obtained between analytical and experimental results. Fiber optimization has been achieved by appropriate selections of fiber coatings which can maximize or minimize the fiber sensitivity. Finally, the air acoustic response of several sensing elements has been studied.
Lysozyme Protein Solution with an Intermediate Range Order Structure (2010)

The formation of equilibrium clusters has been studied in both a prototypical colloidal system and protein solutions. The appearance of a low-Q correlation peak in small angle scattering patterns of lysozyme solution was attributed to the cluster-cluster correlation. Consequently, the presence of long-lived clusters has been established. By quantitatively analyzing both the SANS (small angle neutron scattering) and NSE (neutron spin echo) data of lysozyme solution using statistical mechanics models, we conclusively show in this paper that the appearance of a low-Q peak is not a signature of the formation of clusters. Rather, it is due to the formation of an intermediate range order structure governed by a short-range attraction and a long-range repulsion. We have further studied dynamic features of a sample with high enough concentration at which clusters are formed in solution. From the estimation of the mean square displacement by using short-time and long-time diffusion coefficient measured by NSE and NMR, we find that these clusters are not permanent but have a finite lifetime longer than the time required to diffuse over a distance of a monomer diameter.
A flash memory controller for 15μs ultra-low-latency SSD using high-speed 3D NAND flash with 3μs read time (2018)

In a memory hierarchy, there are various classes of memory systems depending on the access latency. A typical memory hierarchy consists of a CPU cache, DRAM, and an SSD or HDD. The DRAM has an access latency of 100ns, while flash memory has a latency of about 50μs [1]. Recently, new non-volatile memories with latencies of less than 10μs, including PRAM, MRAM, and ReRAM [2], are getting attention for business-critical systems such as big-data analysis and storage caches. To meet the low latency requirements, a new type of NAND flash, Z-NAND, with a read time (t <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</inf> ) of 3μs has also been introduced [3]. Figure 20.2.1 shows a feature comparison between Z-NAND and conventional 3D NAND [4,5]. The Z-NAND achieves a read time of 3μs, which is 15–20 times faster than conventional NAND. Write throughput reaches up to 160MB/s with a 100μs program time. To further minimize read latency, I/O circuit support a DDR interface for both x8 and x16 mode. To take full advantage of such low-latency memory devices, reduction of memory access overhead is necessary. In this paper, we introduce an NVMe SSD controller which leverages the advantages of the low-latency NAND and enables the reduction of total memory access time, thereby minimizing overall system latency.
Chest physiotherapy: a review. (1982)

Postural drainage enhances mucociliary clearance and produces larger sputum volumes than an equivalent control period in disease characterised by excessive tracheobronchial secretions. Postural drainage, percussion and vibration will improve pulmonary function only in patients with large sputum volumes. There is no evidence that sputum yield is increased by the addition of percussion and vibration. From radioaerosol studies effective cough is limited to central airways. Breathing exercises may be of some immediate value in asthma but are without long term advantages and probably do not alter the ventilation of the underlying lung. IPPB probably does not improve delivery of bronchodilators and is of no benefit (and possible harmful) in the long term treatment of chronic bronchitis. Infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis not characterised by copious volumes of sputum, uncomplicated pneumonia and routine post-operative states are not indications for chest physiotherapy. The value of regular physiotherapy on ventilation, gas exchange, work of breathing and incidence of infective exacerbations is uncertain but exercise training and rehabilitation of chronic obstructive airways disease improves exercise tolerance and mobility.
High pressure /sup 4/He proportional counters as borehole detectors of MeV neutrons (2002)

In a conventional borehole logging tool with an isotopic neutron source, the neutron emission energy is typically less than 5 MeV and the slowing down process is dominated by scattering from hydrogen in the rock matrix pores. For a 14 MeV DT source, however, transport from the starting energy to approximately 1 MeV is governed significantly by scattering (elastic and, particularly, inelastic) from nuclei such as C, O, Si, etc., contained in the rock matrix. From 1 MeV to thermal, transport is dominated by hydrogen. Both energy regions are of interest: the high energy region provides information about the rock parameters and the low energy region provides information about the pore volume fraction. Measurement of low energy transport is well established. To measure high energy transport, i.e., the 14/spl rarr/1 MeV slowing down length, detectors capable of measuring 1 MeV flux are required at two different source-to-detector spacings. In this paper, we examine the feasibility of using very high pressure /sup 4/He counters (up to 40 ATM) as detectors of borehole moderated 14 MeV neutrons, and present a very simple technique for neutron/gamma discrimination. These detectors are candidates because of a scattering resonance near 1 MeV and low scattering and absorption cross sections at lower energies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extended Gardner Detector for Improved Symbol-Timing Recovery of &lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt;&lt;tex&gt;$M$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt;-PSK Signals (2006)

In a recent paper, the modified Gardner detector has been proposed for advanced symbol-timing recovery of M-ary phase-shift keying signals. Compared with the original algorithm, the self-noise jitter can be considerably reduced for highly bandlimited systems and smaller values of M. In this letter, a completely different approach is investigated, which improves the self-noise performance for larger values of M, as well
Physicochemical Characterization of Pulverized Phyllite Rock for Geopolymer Resin Synthesis (2017)

Geopolymeric materials have some unique properties such as early-high compressive strength, durability, resistance to acids and sulfates, ability to immobilize toxic and radioactive compounds, low porosity and high temperature resistance. These materials are strategic for sustainable development and are a suitable alternative to Portland cement. The use of phyllite as a geopolymer precursor is encouraged by its abundance, low cost, and the fact that it is already applied in ceramic industries as a kaolin substitute. The objective of this paper is the physicochemical characterization of geopolymeric resin using two pulverized phyllite rocks as precursors with STEM, XRD and XRF techniques. It was found that both phyllite rocks studied have a high quartz content of approximately 50% (weight), which have a "filler" function in the microstructure of the resin helping stabilize residual tensions after curing. Kaolinite and muscovite minerals are present in up to 40% (weight) and are responsible for the high compressive strength of the geopolymer resins.
Fracture Behavior of Stainless Steel Fibers in Sn-Pb Alloy Matrix (1972)

The fracture behavior of 18-8 stainless steel fibers which were embedded in the Sn-Pb eutectic alloy matrix was studied. The progressive failures of fibers during the tensile test of the composite were detected by an acoustic technique. The following results were obtained.(1) As the spacing of fibers in composite gets closer, a larger amount of strain of a fiber is localized in a small region which is located near the first fracture site of a neighboring fiber. Thus, the total elongation of the composite is relatively small due to a localized deformation. Contrary to this, for the larger spacing of fibers, deformation of the composite is uniform because fracture in many of the fibers occurs independently. This results in an increase in total elongation. Slip of the matrix arising from the break-down of a fiber develops at a domain which forms an angle of about 45° with the tensile axis.(2) Only a single notch of a fiber in a 13 vol% fibers specimen has a considerable effect on the tensile strength of the composite, which is weakened remarkably compared with the composite with the same amount of flawless fibers. This effect was presumably caused by the same failure mechanism of fibers as in (1).(3) The fracture strain of fibers in the matrix increases nearly two times greater than that of the isolated fiber.
A Study of Theoretical Orientation to Reading and Its Relationship to Teacher Verbal Feedback during Reading Instruction. (1981)

This study examines the relationship between teachers' theoretical orientations to reading and the verbal feedback they offer students during guided oral reading. The subjects for the study were 35 experienced second and third grade teachers. Theoretical orientation was formally assessed using both the Theoretical Orientation to Reading Profile (TORP) and the Propositions About Reading Instruction Inventory (PRI). Samples of teacher verbal feedback were taken from videotaped and audiotaped oral reading sessions recorded in actual classroom settings. Teacher feedback to student oral reading errors was analyzed using the Feedback to Oral Reading Miscue Analysis System (FORMAS). Follow-up interviews were conducted with a subsample of teachers to further explore relationships between orientations and behavior. Significant relationships were found between the TORP and certain subscales of the PRI. The only teacher feedback variable significantly associated with theoretical orientation was the tendency to wait to give feedback to miscues with high meaning change. The follow-up interviews revealed other distinct areas of relationship between orientations and behavior which were not evident in the TORP and PRI analyses. The major finding here is that beliefs and behaviors are situation specific. That is. teachers hold different beliefs for different groups largely as a function of student ability. Teachers tend to behave in terms of feedback in ways consis tent with the situational context of instruction.
AR storyboard: an augmented reality based interactive storyboard authoring tool (2005)

In early stages of production, storyboards are used for visually describing the story and the script. In This work, an augmented reality based storyboard-authoring tool is introduced. Proposed tool is easy-to-use, and provides intuitive interface for scene composition and camera pose/motion control. Using AR Storyboard, non-experienced users may compose 3D scenes for a Storyboard using interfaces in his/her real environments.
Rapid Differentiation and In Situ Detection of 16 Sourdough <i>Lactobacillus</i> Species by Multiplex PCR (2005)

A two-step multiplex PCR-based method was designed for the rapid detection of 16 species of lactobacilli known to be commonly present in sourdough. The first step of multiplex PCR was developed with a mixture of group-specific primers, while the second step included three multiplex PCR assays with a mixture of species-specific primers. Primers were derived from sequences that specify the 16S rRNA, the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region, and part of the 23S rRNA gene. The primer pairs designed were shown to exclusively amplify the targeted rrn operon fragment of the corresponding species. Due to the reliability of simultaneously identifying Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Lactobacillus paraplantarum, a previously described multiplex PCR method employing recA gene-derived primers was included in the multiplex PCR system. The combination of a newly developed, quick bacterial DNA extraction method from sourdough and this multiplex PCR assay allows the rapid in situ detection of several sourdough-associated lactobacilli, including the recently described species Lactobacillus rossii, and thus represents a very useful alternative to culture-based methodologies.
Supported palladium catalysts for the reduction of sodium bicarbonate to sodium formate in aqueous solution at room temperature and one atmosphere of hydrogen (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupported palladium catalysts for the reduction of sodium bicarbonate to sodium formate in aqueous solution at room temperature and one atmosphere of hydrogenCharles J. Stalder, Shuchi Chao, David P. Summers, and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 20, 6318–6320Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00358a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00358a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1231Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automatic Head-size Equalization in Panorama Images for Video Conferencing (2005)

In panorama images captured by omni-directional cameras during video conferencing, the image sizes of the people around the conference table are not uniform due to the varying distances to the camera. Spatially varying-uniform (SVU) scaling functions have been proposed to warp a panorama image smoothly such that the participants have similar sizes on the image. To generate the SVU function, one needs to segment the table boundaries, which was generated manually in the previous work. In this paper, we propose a robust algorithm to automatically segment the table boundaries. To ensure the robustness, we apply a symmetry voting scheme to filter out noisy points on the edge map. Trigonometry and quadratic fitting methods are developed to fit a continuous curve to the remaining edge points. We report experimental results on both synthetic and real images.
Conditional Heteroscedasticity in Time Series of Stock Returns: Evidence and Forecasts (1989)

This article presents new evidence about the time-series behavior of stock prices. Daily return series exhibit significant levels of second-order dependence, and they cannot be modeled as linear white-noise processes. A reasonable return-generating process is empirically shown to be a first-order autoregressive process with conditionally heteroskedastic innovations. In particular, generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic GARCH (1, 1) processes fit to data very satisfactorily. Various out-of-sample forecasts of monthly return variances are generated and compared statistically. Forecasts based on the GARCH model are found to be superior. Copyright 1989 by the University of Chicago.