gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific deuteration of .delta.-aminolevulinic acid by pyridoxal-catalyzed exchange and analysis of products using an aqueous lanthanide nuclear magnetic resonance shift reagent (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpecific deuteration of .delta.-aminolevulinic acid by pyridoxal-catalyzed exchange and analysis of products using an aqueous lanthanide nuclear magnetic resonance shift reagentCharles L. Lerman and Eric B. WhitacreCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 2, 468–470Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00315a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00315a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel Plasmid-Borne Gene <i>qacJ</i> Mediates Resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Equine <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> , <i>Staphylococcus simulans</i> , and <i>Staphylococcus intermedius</i> (2003)

We identified a novel plasmid-borne gene (designated qacJ) encoding resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in three staphylococcal species associated with chronic infections in four horses. qacJ was located on a 2,650-bp plasmid (designated pNVH01), a new member of the pC194 family of rolling-circle replication plasmids. The 107-amino-acid protein, QacJ, showed similarities to known proteins of the small multidrug resistance family: Smr/QacC (72.5%), QacG (82.6%), and QacH (73.4%). The benzalkonium chloride MIC for a qacJ-containing recombinant was higher than those for otherwise isogenic recombinants expressing Smr, QacG, or QacH. Molecular epidemiological analyses by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested both the clonal spread of a qacJ-harboring Staphylococcus aureus strain and the horizontal transfer of pNVH01 within and between different equine staphylococcal species. The presence of pNVH01 of identical nucleotide sequence in different staphylococcal species suggests that recent transfer has occurred. In three of the horses, a skin preparation containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide had been used extensively for several years; this might explain the selection of staphylococci harboring the novel QAC resistance gene.
Ray Tracing for Fluence Rate Simulations in Ultraviolet Photoreactors (2018)

The performance of photochemical reactors is governed by the spatial distribution of radiant energy within the irradiated region of the reactor. Ray tracing has been widely used for simulation of lighting systems. The central hypothesis of this work was that ray tracing can provide accurate simulations of fluence rate fields within ultraviolet (UV) photoreactors by accounting for the physical and optical phenomena that will govern fluence rate fields in UV photoreactors. Ray tracing works by simulating the behavior of a large population of rays emanating from a radiation source to describe the spatial distribution of radiant energy (i.e., fluence rate) within a system. In this study, fluence rate calculations were performed using commercial ray tracing software for three basic UV reactors, each with a single low-pressure Hg lamp. Fluence rate calculations in the ray tracing program were based on the formal definition of fluence rate, calculated as the incident radiant power from all directions on a small spherical receptor, divided by the cross-sectional area of that sphere. The results of this study demonstrate that ray tracing can provide predictions of fluence rate in UV radiative systems that are close to experimental measurements and the predictions of other numerical methods.
Quantitative evaluation of papilledema in pseudotumor cerebri. (1998)

Confocal scanning laser tomography can quantify the magnitude and monitor the resolution of papilledema in PTC. Studies of optic nerve head topography may provide further insight into optic nerve compliance with elevated intracranial pressure.
Effect of DPX 3778 on Anther Dehiscence in Pearl Millet<sup>1</sup> (1977)

DPX 3778 [3‐( p ‐chlorophenyl)‐6‐methoxy‐s‐triazine‐2, 4‐(1H, 3H)‐dione‐triethanolamine] was tested on pearl millet ( Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) to investigate its potential for preventing anther dehiscence. DPX 3778 prevented both anther exsertion and dehiscence in pearl millet. Pollen remained stainable and plump. Growth stage of the plant when the chemical was applied was very important. A 7.43 kg/ha application at the mid to late boot stage on inbreds ‘Tift 23DB’, ‘Tift 239DB 2 ’, ‘Tift 13’, and ‘Tift 18DB’, followed by a second application at the same rate 5 to 6 days later, reduced selfed seed set to 2, 13, 5, and 30%, respectively. No female sterility or reduction in test weight of seed due to the chemical was observed. Application when plants were in the vegetative stage resulted in yellowing and loss of effectiveness at anthesis. A genotype response was observed among the four inbreds tested. DPX 3778 can be used effectively to produce hybrids in pearl millet.
Sporicidal action of alkaline glutaraldehyde: factors influencing activity and a comparison with other aldehydes (1990)

The sporicidal efficacy of glutaraldehyde (2% w/v) was investigated under various conditions. Numerous factors influenced its activity: method of spore production, inherent spore resistance characteristics, alkalination, storage time and storage temperature. The sporicidal action of 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde at room temperature was compared with that of other aldehydes and commercially available formulations. Cidex (glutaraldehyde) and Sporicidin (glutaraldehyde + phenol full strength) were the most effective, followed by 8% (w/v) formaldehyde and 10% (v/v) Gigasept, a formaldehyde-containing product. Five per cent (v/v) Gigasept and 10% (w/v) glyoxal also had good sporicidal activity, though that of Sporicidin (1:16) was poor. No activity was observed with 10% (w/v) butyraldehyde.
Photodynamic Therapy in Barrett's Esophagus (1996)

Photodynamic therapy combined with long-term acid inhibition provides an effective endoscopic therapy to (1) eliminate Barrett's mucosal dysplasia and superficial esophageal cancer and (2) reduce the amount of and, in some cases, eliminate Barrett's mucosa.
Stereospecific synthesis of squalenoid epoxide vinyl ethers as inhibitors of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase (1988)

The stereospecific synthesis of squalenoid epoxide vinyl ethers with an isopentyloxy group is described. The synthesis involves the preparation of the C22 squalenoid aldehyde bromohydrin (15) by a new method via a one-step cleavage of lipophilic epoxides using periodic acid in diethyl ether, and the preparation of (1-isopentyloxyethyl)diphenylphosphine oxide (24). The structure of this compound has been confirmed by X-ray analysis. The configuration of vinyl ethers, synthesized using a Wittig-Horner reaction, has been determined by 13C n.m.r. Biological results show that vinyl ethers (5) and (27) are competitive inhibitors of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase from rat liver.
Characterization of some of the enzymes in ragweed pollen. (1976)

Ragweed pollen contains 11 esterase, 5 acid phosphatase, 2 alkaline phosphatose, 2 hexokinase, 2 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes and one leucine amino peptidase band which can be separated by starch gel electrophoresis. The isozymes were distinguished from one another by their electrophoretic mobility, heat inactivation temperatures and antigenic differences.
Effect of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on membrane microdomain localization of tight junction proteins in experimental colitis (2007)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by an inflammatory process associated with mucosal damage. Many studies have shown that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) possess anti-inflammatory effects in inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether n-3 PUFAs could alleviate intestinal damage in experimental UC. In the present study, we found that in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitic rats, the damage to the intestinal mucosa was accompanied by a disrupted tight junction (TJ) structure. In accordance with these changes, the distribution and expression of TJ proteins, including occludin, claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-5, claudin-8 and ZO-1, in membrane microdomains was altered. The distribution of flotillin-1, a lipid raft marker protein, was also changed. Moreover, we found for the first time that n-3 PUFAs prevented redistribution of TJ proteins from Triton X-100-insoluble raft-like membrane microdomains to Triton X-100-soluble fractions. The expression of ZO-1, claudin-1, claudin-5 and claudin-8 was significantly elevated by n-3 PUFAs. n-3 PUFAs also attenuated the disruption of TJ structure and improved the histological score. Our results demonstrate that the expression and distribution of TJ proteins in TJ membrane microdomains might be affected in UC, and that such altered expression of TJ proteins in membrane microdomains in experimental UC is affected by n-3 PUFAs. These findings may have therapeutic potential in intestinal inflammation.
Crop yield response to water (2012)

Abstracting from the scientific understanding and technological advances achieved over the last few decades, and relying on a network of several scientific institutions, FAO has packaged a set of tools in this Irrigation and Drainage Paper to better appraise and enhance crop yield response to water. These tools provide the means to sharpen assessment and management capacities required to: compare the result of several water allocations plans: improve soil-moisture control-practices under rainfed conditions; optimize irrigation scheduling (either full, deficit or supplementary); sustainably intensify crop production; close the yield and water-productivity gaps; quantify the impact of climate variability and change on cropping systems; enhance strategies for increased water productivity and water savings; minimize the negative impact on the environment caused by agriculture. These tools are invaluable to various agricultural practitioners including, but not limited to: water managers and planners; extension services; irrigation districts; consulting engineers; governmental agencies; non-governmental organizations and farmers´associations; agricultural economists and research scientists.
Chemisch-technische Verfahren im Buch XII von «De re metallica» (1994)

Im zwölften Buch seines Hauptwerkes behandelt Georgius Agricola die Herstellung der harten säffte, wie es in der ersten deutschsprachigen Ausgabe formuliert wird.1 In teilweise sehr ausführlichen Beschreibungen und instruktiven Holzschnitten stellt er die Bereitung von Substanzen vor, die oft in beträchtlichen Mengen für das tägliche Leben sowie für das Handwerk und Gewerbe benötigt wurden.
Characterization of a virus that causes transient aplastic crisis. (1984)

Transient aplastic crisis in children with congenital hemolytic anemias has been linked epidemiologically to infection with a serum parvovirus-like virus (SPLV). The virus is found in the blood in the early stages of the crisis, and serum containing SPLV inhibits erythroid colony formation in vitro. After sedimentation of virus-containing sera through a sucrose density gradient, colony inhibitory activity is present in the particulate fraction and separate from serum immunoglobulins. No inhibitory activity can be recovered from convalescent-phase sera after similar fractionation procedures. Inhibition of erythroid colony formation in vitro is not a feature of sera from other viral infections. The pattern of resistance of SPLV activity to chemicals and enzymes is compatible with it being a parvovirus. By using replating techniques, a target of SPLV has been identified as a late erythroid progenitor cell. Neither SPLV antigen nor anti-SPLV IgM was present in the sera of patients with other forms of bone marrow failure.
A Simple Method for Assessment of Human Anti-Neu5Gc Antibodies Applied to Kawasaki Disease (2013)

N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is an immunogenic sugar of dietary origin that metabolically incorporates into diverse native glycoconjugates in humans. Anti-Neu5Gc antibodies are detected in all human sera, though with variable levels and epitope-recognition profiles. These antibodies likely play a role in several inflammation-mediated pathologies including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In cancer, they have dualistic and opposing roles, either stimulating or repressing disease, as a function of their dose, and some of these antibodies serve as carcinoma biomarkers. Thus, anti-Neu5Gc antibodies may signify risk of inflammation-mediated diseases, and changes in their levels could potentially be used to monitor disease progression and/or response to therapy. Currently, it is difficult to determine levels of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in individual human samples because these antibodies recognize multiple Neu5Gc-epitopes. Here we describe a simple and specific method for detection and overall estimation of human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies. We exploit the difference between two mouse models that differ only by Neu5Gc-presence (wild-type) or Neu5Gc-absence (Cmah(-/-) knockout). We characterize mouse serum from both strains by HPLC, lectin and mass-spectrometry analysis and show the target Neu5Gc-epitopes. We then use Cmah(-/-) knockout sera to inhibit all non-Neu5Gc-reactivity followed by binding to wild-type sera to detect overall anti-Neu5Gc response in a single assay. We applied this methodology to characterize and quantify anti-Neu5Gc IgG and IgA in sera of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) at various stages compared to controls. KD is an acute childhood febrile disease characterized by inflammation of coronary arteries that untreated may lead to coronary artery aneurysms with risk of thrombosis and myocardial infarction. This estimated response is comparable to the average of detailed anti-Neu5Gc IgG profile analyzed by a sialoglycan microarray. Both assays revealed an elevated response in acute KD patients with normal coronaries compared to patients with aneurysm or dilated coronaries. Implications of these findings are discussed.
On the Impact of Data Distribution in Federated SPARQL Queries (2012)

With the growing number of publicly available SPARQL endpoints, federated queries become more and more attractive and feasible. Compared to queries against a single endpoint, queries that range over a number of endpoints pose new challenges, ranging from the type and number of datasets involved to the data distribution across the datasets. Existing research focuses on the data distribution in a central store and is mainly concerned with adopting well-known, traditional database techniques. In this work we investigate the impact of the data distribution in the context of federated SPARQL queries.We perform a number of experiments with four federation frameworks (Sesame Alibaba, Splendid, FedX, and Darq) against an RDF dataset, Dailymed, that we partition by graph and class.Our preliminary results confirm the intuition that the more datasets involved in query processing, the worse performance of federation query is and that the data distribution significantly influences the performance.
Use of Low-Density, Gravel-Pack Material Improves Placement Efficiency (Part 2) (1988)

ABSTRACT The success of a gravel-pack completion depends on placement of gravel in the perforation tunnel area and the screen-casing annulus. Wellbore deviation is one of the predominant factors affecting gravel placement. As wellbore deviation increases, the gravitational forces and carrier fluid limitations may result in gravel settling (duning) and an incomplete packing of much of the perforation tunnel area, as well as a premature screenout of the screen-casing annulus. A completion technique is introduced that eliminates problems associated with gravel settling. The technique uses buoyancy forces to counter the gravitational forces on the gravel particulate. Particulate settling is minimized by decreasing the ratio of the particulate density (Dp) to the base fluid density (Dc). Verification of the concept includes test results from a gravel-pack model. The model is 18 ft long with an inside diameter (ID) of 6.2 in., a screen and blank pipe size of 2-7/8 in., and a working pressure of 1,000 psi. The blank pipe length is 6 ft and the screen length is 12 ft. There are 20 perforations that include a chamber to simulate a void space behind the casing. Test results include gravel-pack efficiency for variations in base fluid properties, wellbore deviation up to 90° (horizontal) and particulate density/ base fluid density ratios (Dp/Dc) from 2.65:1 to 0.8:1. Recommendations for a treatment technique and low-density particulate specifications also are included.
I. Presence of Proteolytically Processed and Unprocessed Nascent Immunoglobulin Light Chains On Membrane-Bound Ribosomes of Murine Myeloma (1975)

Fractionation of MOPC 41 DL-I tumors revealed that the mRNA for the light chain of immunoglobulin is localized exclusively in membrane-bound ribosomes. It was shown that the translation product of isolated light chain mRNA in a heterologous protein-synthesizing system in vitro is larger than the authentic secreted light chain; this confirms similar results from several laboratories. The synthesis in vitro of a precursor protein of the light chain is not an artifact of translation in a beterologous system, because it was shown that detached polysomes, isolated from detergent-treated rough microsomes, not only contain nascent light chains which have already been proteolytically processed in vivo but also contain unprocessed nascent light chains. In vitro completion of these nascent light chains thus resulted in the synthesis of some chains having the same mol wt as the authentic secreted light chains, because of completion of in vivo proteolytically processed chains and of other chains which, due to the completion of unprocessed chains, have the same tool wt as the precursor of the light chain. In contrast, completion of the nascent light chains contained in rough microsomes resulted in the synthesis of only processed light chains. Taken together, these results indicate that the processing activity is present in isolated rough microsomes, that it is localized in the membrane moiety of rough microsomes, and, therefore, that it was most likely solubilized during detergent treatment used for the isolation of detached polysomes. Furthermore, these results established that processing in vivo takes place before completion of the nascent chain. The data also indicate that in vitro processing of nascent chains by rough microsomes is dependent on ribosome binding to the membrane. If the latter process is interfered with by aurintricarboxylic acid, rough microsomes also synthesize some unprocessed chains. The data presented in this paper have been interpreted in the light of a recently proposed hypothesis. This hypothesis, referred to as the signal hypothesis, is described in greater detail in the Discussion section.
Zanamivir Susceptibility Monitoring and Characterization of Influenza Virus Clinical Isolates Obtained during Phase II Clinical Efficacy Studies (2000)

Zanamivir is a highly selective neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor with demonstrated clinical efficacy against influenza A and B virus infections. In phase II clinical efficacy trials (NAIB2005 and NAIB2008), virological substudies showed mean reductions in virus shedding after 24 h of treatment of 1.5 to 2.0 log(10) 50% tissue culture infective doses compared to a placebo, with no reemergence of virus after the completion of therapy. Paired isolates (n = 41) obtained before and during therapy with zanamivir demonstrated no shifts in susceptibility to zanamivir when measured by NA assays, although for a few isolates NA activity was too low to evaluate. In plaque reduction assays in MDCK cells, the susceptibility of isolates to zanamivir was extremely variable even at baseline and did not correlate with the speed of resolution of virus shedding. Isolates with apparent limited susceptibility to zanamivir by plaque reduction proved highly susceptible in vivo in the ferret model. Further sequence analysis of paired isolates revealed no changes in the hemagglutinin and NA genes in the majority of isolates. The few changes observed were all natural variants. No amino acid changes that had previously been identified in vitro as being involved with reduced susceptibility to zanamivir were observed. These studies highlighted problems associated with monitoring susceptibility to NA inhibitors in the clinic, in that no reliable cell-based assay is available. At present the NA assay is the best available predictor of susceptibility to NA inhibitors in vivo, as measured in the validated ferret model of infection.
A first-in-human phase I study of U3-1287 (AMG 888), a HER3 inhibitor, in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. (2011)

3026 Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is a key dimerization partner for the HER family and activates oncogenic signaling pathways. Its overexpression in many solid tumors has been linked to poor prognosis. U3-1287 (AMG 888) is a fully human anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody with demonstrated anticancer activity in preclinical models. This study had 2 parts: based on the observed tolerability of ≤20 mg/kg and pharmacokinetics (PK) study from the dose-escalation phase (part 1), 9, 14, and 20 mg/kg Q2W dosages were given in the dose-expansion phase (part 2). Methods: Pts with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other refractory solid tumors thought to express HER3 were eligible. Study assessments included adverse event (AE) rates, PK, and tumor response (per modified RECIST and overall metabolic tumor response by EORTC). Human antihuman antibody (HAHA) responses were measured to assess immunogenicity. Results: Part 2 data (as of 9/24/10) are reported. Pts (N=31) with head and neck (1 pt), breast (1), ovary (1), cecum/appendix (1), colorectal cancer (CRC, 10), and NSCLC (17) tumor types were given 9 (n=10), 14 (n=2), and 20 mg/kg (n=19) of U3-1287 (AMG 888). Pts had a median (range) of 5 (2–10) prior chemotherapy regimens. 11 serious AEs were reported in 10 pts; none were attributable to U3-1287 (AMG 888). 16 pts (51.6%) experienced AEs ≥ grade (Gr) 3, with 1 Gr 5 dyspnea and 1 Gr 4 hypoglycemia. Two AEs ≥ Gr 3 were considered drug-related: Gr 3 anemia and Gr 3 rash. Gr 1/2 drug-related AEs in ≥10% of pts were fatigue, diarrhea, and nausea. Of 21 pts assessed, no HAHA responses were observed (by 21 days postdose). PK analysis (n=15) showed that steady state is reached after 3 dosing cycles for pts receiving 9, 14, or 20 mg/kg. Mean steady state Cmin was >10-fold greater than the threshold concentration required for 90% HER3 inhibition in xenograft models. Eight pts (6 NSCLC, 2 CRC) had a best response of stable disease at or beyond day-70 visit. One pt (NSCLC, 20 mg/kg) had significant tumor shrinkage (26.3%) and partial metabolic response by FDG-PET scan. Conclusions: U3-1287 (AMG 888) is well tolerated, with an absence of detectable HAHA responses. Part 2 data support 9–20 mg/kg Q2W dosage for future studies.