gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MINIMALLY INVASIVE LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE (mi-LVAD) (2002)

Background: In 1973, Dr. W. J. Kolff and his associates published an article that described a concentric double lumen cannula that could be used to quickly establish the circulation in eight sheep whose hearts had been put into ventricular fibrillation. Within a mean time of 2 minutes and 45 seconds, this special cannula system could be introduced and the circulation could be reestablished. The hearts of the sheep could then be easily defibrillated. Today, there is a crying need for an inexpensive and easily introducible LVAD. Design considerations: A closed chest transapical to aorta minimally invasive Left Ventricular Assist Device (mi-LVAD) is designed and it has one wide lumen short cannula (Cannula A) which sucks the blood out of the ventricle and a narrow long cannula (Cannula B) that delivers the blood through the aortic valve into the aorta. Another third very narrow long cannula (Cannula C) can be provided to accommodate a stylet and an ultrasonic sensor. The Ultrasonic sensor helps guide the insertion of the LVAD through the ventricle, through the aortic valve into the root of the aorta. The above-mentioned cannula A and B can be arranged either concentrically or as parallel tubes. This cannula system can be easily inserted through a small incision of the chest wall and at the apex of the ventricle. This is based on the fact that it is a straight line from the apex to the base of the aorta. In 1973, a roller pump was used, but now we can use a small motor and impeller incorporated into the tube system. Conclusion: The entire mi-LVAD can be inserted and removed easily without a heart lung machine, at the bedside in an emergency room, intensive care or even locations far away from hospital setting.
Electrochromic Nanocrystal Quantum Dots. (2001)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Genomics of Lung Adenocarcinoma: Opportunities for Targeted Therapies (2010)

Standard cytotoxic chemotherapy is effective for some cancers, but for many others, available treatments offer only a limited survival benefit. Lung adenocarcinoma is one such cancer, responsible for approximately half of lung cancer deaths each year. Development of targeted therapies is thought to hold the most promise for successfully treating this disease, but a targeted approach is dependent on understanding the genomic state of the tumor cells. Exon-directed sequencing of large numbers of lung adenocarcinoma tumor samples has provided an initial low-resolution image of the somatic mutation profile of these tumors. Such cancer sequencing studies have confirmed the high frequency of TP53 and KRAS mutations in lung adenocarcinoma, have found inactivating mutations in known tumor suppressor genes not previously associated with lung adenocarcinoma, and have identified oncogenic mutations of EGFR upon which the first targeted therapy for lung adenocarcinoma patients was based. Additional candidate oncogenes await functional validation. It is anticipated that upcoming whole-exome and whole-genome lung adenocarcinoma sequencing experiments will reveal a more detailed landscape of somatic mutations that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
Incompressible SPH Simulation of Double-Diffusive Convection Phenomena (2009)

An incompressible SPH method was developed to simulate double-diffusive convection phenomena, including the simultaneous diffusions of temperature and salinity, and both two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations were carried out. The salt-finger resulting from instability at the interface between liquids with two different densities was successfully simulated. The results indicated that the ratio between the speed of temperature conduction and the salinity diffusion controlled the overall phenomenon. Additionally, the Christmas-tree was successfully simulated. The results revealed that this phenomenon did not take place when the salinity profile had a vertically constant gradient, but only when the original salinity profile had a staircase-like profile with layers of several steps. Although the results indicated that the developed SPH method is capable of reproducing the basic features of the phenomena, a discrepancy in the growth rates remains.
UltraNet: an architecture for gigabit networking (2002)

UltraNet, a multigigabit/second integrated network, is designed to deliver the highest possible effective performance, which is defined to be the application-to-application transfer rate using a standard programming interface. It uses data links that operate up to 1 Gb/s and very high-speed bridges to connect them into a multigigabit seamless fabric. UltraNet is different from many local area networks in that it provides more than just a data link. It also provides a set of transport layer services, both connection-oriented and connectionless, at a very high transfer rate. An overview of the system architecture is presented and the performance of various UltraNet configurations, the rationale behind its design, and the current implementation are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-Efficiency, Low Turn-on Voltage Blue-Violet Quantum-Dot-Based Light-Emitting Diodes (2015)

We report high-efficiency blue-violet quantum-dot-based light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) by using high quantum yield ZnCdS/ZnS graded core-shell QDs with proper surface ligands. Replacing the oleic acid ligands on the as-synthesized QDs with shorter 1-octanethiol ligands is found to cause a 2-fold increase in the electron mobility within the QD film. Such a ligand exchange also results in an even greater increase in hole injection into the QD layer, thus improving the overall charge balance in the LEDs and yielding a 70% increase in quantum efficiency. Using 1-octanethiol capped QDs, we have obtained a maximum luminance (L) of 7600 cd/m(2) and a maximum external quantum efficiency (ηEQE) of (10.3 ± 0.9)% (with the highest at 12.2%) for QD-LEDs devices with an electroluminescence peak at 443 nm. Similar quantum efficiencies are also obtained for other blue/violet QD-LEDs with peak emission at 455 and 433 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of blue QD-LEDs with ηEQE > 10%. Combined with the low turn-on voltage of ∼2.6 V, these blue-violet ZnCdS/ZnS QD-LEDs show great promise for use in next-generation full-color displays.
Gene Transfer to the Developing Mouse Inner Ear by <em>In Vivo</em> Electroporation (2012)

The mammalian inner ear has 6 distinct sensory epithelia: 3 cristae in the ampullae of the semicircular canals; maculae in the utricle and saccule; and the organ of Corti in the coiled cochlea. The cristae and maculae contain vestibular hair cells that transduce mechanical stimuli to subserve the special sense of balance, while auditory hair cells in the organ of Corti are the primary transducers for hearing. Cell fate specification in these sensory epithelia and morphogenesis of the semicircular canals and cochlea take place during the second week of gestation in the mouse and are largely completed before birth. Developmental studies of the mouse inner ear are routinely conducted by harvesting transgenic embryos at different embryonic or postnatal stages to gain insight into the molecular basis of cellular and/or morphological phenotypes. We hypothesize that gene transfer to the developing mouse inner ear in utero in the context of gain- and loss-of-function studies represents a complimentary approach to traditional mouse transgenesis for the interrogation of the genetic mechanisms underlying mammalian inner ear development(6). The experimental paradigm to conduct gene misexpression studies in the developing mouse inner ear demonstrated here resolves into three general steps: 1) ventral laparotomy; 2) transuterine microinjection; and 3) in vivo electroporation. Ventral laparotomy is a mouse survival surgical technique that permits externalization of the uterus to gain experimental access to the implanted embryos. Transuterine microinjection is the use of beveled, glass capillary micropipettes to introduce expression plasmid into the lumen of the otic vesicle or otocyst. In vivo electroporation is the application of square wave, direct current pulses to drive expression plasmid into progenitor cells. We previously described this electroporation-based gene transfer technique and included detailed notes on each step of the protocol(11). Mouse experimental embryological techniques can be difficult to learn from prose and still images alone. In the present work, we demonstrate the 3 steps in the gene transfer procedure. Most critically, we deploy digital video microscopy to show precisely how to: 1) identify embryo orientation in utero; 2) reorient embryos for targeting injections to the otocyst; 3) microinject DNA mixed with tracer dye solution into the otocyst at embryonic days 11.5 and 12.5; 4) electroporate the injected otocyst; and 5) label electroporated embryos for postnatal selection at birth. We provide representative examples of successfully transfected inner ears; a pictorial guide to the most common causes of otocyst mistargeting; discuss how to avoid common methodological errors; and present guidelines for writing an in utero gene transfer animal care protocol.
Local Administration of Simvastatin Stimulates Healing of an Avascular Meniscus in a Rabbit Model of a Meniscal Defect (2016)

This study suggests that simvastatin stimulated intrinsic healing of an avascular meniscus. The local administration of simvastatin is safe and inexpensive and seems to be a promising treatment of meniscal injuries.
Thermal Stresses in Heteroepitaxial Beta Silicon Carbide Thin Films Grown on Silicon Substrates (1984)

Microcracks were observed in epitaxial thin films grown on (111) Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from and entrained in . A one‐step process and a more commonly used two‐step process were employed. The latter was comprised of an initial chemical conversion of the Si surface, via the deposition of C alone and a subsequent deposition of both C and Si to form the film. In contrast, no cracks were revealed in the film grown on (100) Si by using either process. However, the growth of high quality, reproducible films occurred only when the two‐step technique was used. The resulting thermal stresses in the films deposited on both (111) and (100) Si substrates were calculated. The tensile strength of the deposited single‐crystal films was estimated to be in the range of. Possible solutions to minimize crack initiation and growth will be discussed.
Monitoring of Vaccine-Specific Gamma Interferon Induction in Genital Mucosa of Mice by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR (2008)

Monitoring of T-cell responses in genital mucosa has remained a major challenge because of the absence of lymphoid aggregates and the low abundance of T cells. Here we have adapted to genital tissue a sensitive real-time reverse transcription-PCR (TaqMan) method to measure induction of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) mRNA transcription after 3 h of antigen-specific activation of CD8 T cells. For this purpose, we vaccinated C57BL/6 mice subcutaneously with human papillomavirus type 16 L1 virus-like particles and monitored the induction of CD8 T cells specific to the L1(165-173) H-2D(b)-restricted epitope. Comparison of the responses induced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymph nodes (LN) by L1-specific IFN-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assay and TaqMan determination of the relative increase in L1-specific IFN-gamma mRNA induction normalized to the content of CD8b mRNA showed a significant correlation, despite the difference in the readouts. Most of the cervicovaginal tissues could be analyzed by the TaqMan method if normalization to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA was used and a significant L1-specific IFN-gamma induction was found in one-third of the immunized mice. This local response did not correlate with the immune responses measured in the periphery, with the exception of the sacral LN, an LN draining the genital mucosa, where a significant correlation was found. Our data show that the TaqMan method is sensitive enough to detect antigen-specific CD8 T-cell responses in the genital mucosa of individual mice, and this may contribute to elaborate effective vaccines against genital pathogens.
Functional Innervation in Tissue Engineered Models for In Vitro Study and Testing Purposes (2004)

The biotechnology industry is rapidly expanding and the emerging field of tissue engineering is projected to have a high impact in the near future. Recently the field of cellular, drug, and prosthetic delivery has melded with the field of tissue engineering to make simulated tissues. In addition to their roles as tissue substitutes for transplantation, these simulated tissues may provide more accurate models and environments for toxicology testing and the study of peripheral nerves. The current study demonstrates the importance of innervation, in general, for the function of engineered tissues. We observe that the presence of nerves in a tissue engineered (TE) human cornea model enhances the growth of the epithelium and the formation of its protective mucin layer. Innervation also confers protection to the epithelium from chemical insult, as determined by the level of post-treatment epithelial cell death. We demonstrate differential responses of the nerves to chemical stimuli by changes in intracellular sodium as measured by 2-photon microscopy. The 2-photon imaging techniques also allow for the visualization and study of the fine sensory axon fibers within the 3-dimensional tissue. This work demonstrates a role for innervation in the protective quality and function of the engineered tissue, and the potential to use the nerves themselves as indicators of the severity of an insult. These results are important to consider for the development of any optimized TE models for in vitro study and testing purposes.
Multi-way Geometry Encoding (2002)

The problem of representing a 3D model in a more compact manner was extensively studied. While much attention has been paid to the compression of the connectivity, compressing the geometry remains challenging. We introduce a novel geometry-encoding algorithm, which is based on traversing the vertices in an order that improves the performance of the geometry prediction. We analyze the prediction scheme and show how a multi-directional prediction can improve the encoding of the geometry. We suggest an approximated multi-directional prediction and show that it leads to the best geometry compression ratios published so far. 1
Chapter 19: Text Mining (2015)

Our final topic is text mining or text data mining. It is really only something that can be done with access to comparatively decent computing power (at least historically speaking). The concept is simple enough. Read text data into R that can then be quantitatively analyzed. The benefits are easier to imagine than the mechanics. Put simply, imagine if one could determine the most common words in a chapter, or a textbook. What if the common words in one text could be compared to the common words in other texts? What might those comparisons teach us? Perhaps different authors have a set of go-to words they more frequently use. Perhaps there is a way to discover who wrote a historical text (or at least provide some likely suspects). Perhaps a model may be trained to sort "good" essays from "bad" essays (or to sort spam and ham in e-mail files). Full disclaimer: this is a beginning R text. There are many more things that would be brilliant to do to text data than what we will do in this chapter.
Microphone arrays and speaker identification (1994)

Hands-free operation of speech processing equipment is sometimes desired so that the user is unencumbered by hand-held or body-worn microphones. This paper explores the use of array microphones to capture speech under adverse acoustic conditions, and provide input to a system for automatic speaker identification. The system is evaluated using reverberated speech signals, generated by a computer model of room acoustics and transduced by different simulated microphone-arrays. For comparison, the system is also evaluated using close-talking microphone input. It is found that 2-D matched-filter microphone arrays are capable of producing high speaker identification scores in a hostile acoustic environment, such as multipath distortion and competing noise sources. The paper also explores the influence of vector quantization techniques, codebook size, and order of cepstrum coefficients on the performance of the speaker identification system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantum Networks For Open Science (2019)

The United States Department of Energy convened the Quantum Networks for Open Science (QNOS) Workshop in September 2018. The workshop was primarily focused on quantum networks optimized for scientific applications with the expectation that the resulting quantum networks could be extended to lay the groundwork for a generalized network that will evolve into a quantum internet.
Variable attenuation slope compensator (VASC) using silica-based planar lightwave circuit technology for active gain slope control in EDFAs (2002)

A novel planar lightwave circuit device called variable attenuation slope compensator (VASC) is proposed for active gain slope control in EDFAs. Its attenuation slope is electrically controllable with the average attenuation unchanged.
Identification and characterization of human ribokinase and comparison of its properties with <i>E. coli</i> ribokinase and human adenosine kinase (2007)

The gene responsible for ribokinase (RK) in human/eukaryotic cells has not yet been identified/characterized. Blast searches with E. coli RK have identified a human protein showing significant similarity to the bacterial RK. The cDNA for this protein was expressed in E. coli and the recombinant protein efficiently phosphorylated ribose to ribose-5-phosphate using ATP, confirming its identity as RK. In contrast to ribose, the enzyme exhibited very little to no phosphorylation of D-arabinose, D-xylose, D-fructose and D-galactose. The catalytic activity of human RK was dependent upon the presence of inorganic phosphate, as observed previously for E. coli RK and mammalian adenosine kinases (AK). A number of activators and inhibitors of human AK, produced very similar effects on the human and E. coli RKs, indicating that the catalytic mechanism of RK is very similar to that of the AKs.
Purification and characterization of <i>Bacillus coagulans</i> oligo‐1,6‐glucosidase (1986)

A p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside-hydrolyzing oligo-1,6-glucosidase of Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 (facultative thermophile) was purified to homogeneity. The relative molecular mass, Stokes radius, sedimentation coefficient at 20 degrees C in water, molecular absorption coefficient at 280 nm and pH 6.8, and isoelectric point were estimated as 60 000, 3.29 nm, 4.8 X 10(-13) s, 1.34 X 10(5) M-1 cm-1, and 4.3, respectively. The amino-terminal amino acid was threonine. There was no common antigenic group between the enzyme and each of its homologous counterparts from Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064 (mesophile) and Bacillus thermoglucosidasius KP 1006 (obligate thermophile). These oligo-1,6-glucosidases strongly resembled one another in their amino acid composition, except that the proline content increased with the elevation of thermostability in the order, mesophile----facultative thermophile----obligate thermophile enzymes.
Robust and Data-Driven Optimization: Modern Decision Making Under Uncertainty (2006)

TutORials in Operations Research is a collection of tutorials published annually and designed for students, faculty, and practitioners. The series provides in-depth instruction on significant operations research topics and methods. INFORMS has published the series, founded by Harvey J. Greenberg, since 2005.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for 93 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (1993)

We treated 93 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome using cyclophosphamide and either total body irradiation (n = 88) or busulfan (n = 5) followed by marrow transplantation. Sixty-five marrow donors were genotypically HLA-identical siblings and 28 were other family members or unrelated donors. Before transplantation all patients had either severe neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or had greater than 5% blasts in the marrow or peripheral blood. The probabilities of disease-free survival, relapse, and non-relapse mortality at 4 years were 41%, 28%, and 43%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that younger age and shorter disease duration were significantly associated with improved disease-free survival and decreased non-relapse mortality. Relapse was seen only in patients with excess blasts at the time of transplantation (51% at 4 years). Patients younger than age 40 and without excess blasts had a 4-year disease-free survival of 62%. This study confirms that allogeneic marrow transplantation can cure some patients with myelodysplasia. Because of the favorable outcome in younger patients without excess blasts, we recommend that transplantation be considered early for patients younger than age 40, before disease progression or development of life-threatening cytopenias. For older patients and those with excess blasts, changes in the transplant procedure will be necessary to improve outcome.
GRAPPA reconstructed wave‐CAIPI MP‐RAGE at 7 Tesla (2018)

High-quality, wave-CAIPI magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo images can be reconstructed by means of a GRAPPA-based reconstruction algorithm. Even for high acceleration factors, the noniterative reconstruction is robust and does not require coil sensitivity estimations. By altering the aliasing pattern, ultra-fast whole-brain structural imaging becomes feasible.
Construction of sandwiched graphene paper@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanorod array@graphene for large and fast lithium storage with an extended lifespan (2015)

Sandwiched graphene paper@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanorod array@graphene is constructed as a binder-free integrated electrode with a high reversible capacity, stable cycling performance, an ultralong cycle life of over 1450 cycles and a high-rate capability.
The role of the resident microflora in the pathogenesis of dandruff (1989)

Current thinking implicates P. ovale as the cause of dandruff; the condition invariably resolves when this yeast is suppressed. However, P. acnes and coagulase-negative cocci are also abundant on the scalp. A contributory role for those members of the resident microflora has not been ruled out. We used a new technique to collect and weigh scales. We have determined the percentage of nucleated cells in scales, a measure of inflammation. The density of P. acnes, P. ovale and cocci were followed during and after treatment with antibacterial solutions and two anti-fungal shampoos, Octopirox © and Magnesium Oma-dine ©. The level of dandruff could not be correlated with changes in the numbers of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. We concluded that resident bacteria probably play no role in the etiology of dandruff. Octopirox ©shampoo was more efficacious than Magnesium Omadine © in reducing scaling and P. ovale. While P. ovale is necessary, Koch&apos;s postulates have not been fulfilled. The cause(s) of drandruff is (are) still unknown.