gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A methodology for the performance evaluation of data query strategies in universal mobile telecommunication systems (UMTS) (1995)

The anticipated emergence of third-generation mobile systems, referred to as universal mobile telecommunication systems (UMTS), raises the problem of reconsidering the design of the databases destined to contain the user information. In particular, it is expected that the key concepts of the new database architectures will be high distribution and fast updating of information. So far, the problem of determining the most appropriate distributed database (DDB) architectures for third-generation mobile systems has not been widely dealt with in literature. This paper presents a methodology for evaluating hierarchical DDB architectures by means of an analytical model of the data querying operation. This methodology allows for structural alternatives, differing on account of the number of levels and branches in the hierarchy, to be evaluated in terms of query loads and mean response times, according to a given user mobility characterization and a given search protocol operation. By way of illustration, the paper discusses a case study, concerning a query operation arising from a location updating procedure and applied to a hierarchical tree-like DDB in which some structural alternatives are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnitude of Imazethapyr Resistance of Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) Hybrids with Altered Acetolactate Synthase (1995)

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of imazethapyr resistance of field corn hybrids with altered acetolactate synthase (ALS) by comparing the responses of ALS extracted from homozygous and heterozygous resistant corn to nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and imazethapyr. ALS isolated from Pioneer 3162 IR, Pioneer 3180 IR, Pioneer 3377 IR, and Ciba 4393 RSC hybrids was much more resistant to inhibition by these herbicides than ALS from the hybrids Pioneer 3162, Pioneer 3180, Pioneer 3377, and Ciba 4393, and the public inbred LH 74. Corn hybrids heterozygous for the Pioneer resistance gene were intermediate in response to the herbicides. ALS from ICI 8532 IT was resistant to imazethapyr but not to primisulfuron or nicosulfuron. The level of resistance of ALS from ICI 8532 IT was similar to that of ALS from Pioneer 3162 IR x Pioneer 3162 and Pioneer 3180 IR x Pioneer 3180 crosses that were also heterozygous for the resistance gene.
Tools for measuring software reliability (1989)

The author discusses a measure of software reliability and various models for characterizing it, the result of 15 years of theoretical research and experimental application, which are moving into practice and starting to pay off. These tools let developers quantify reliability, give them ways to predict how reliability will vary as testing progresses, and help them use that information to decide when to release software. He examines the distinction between failures and faults and how these affect reliability. He compares execution-time models with calendar-time models, which are less effective, and discusses the choice of execution-time models. The author then describes a generic, step-by-step procedure to guide software reliability engineers in using the reliability models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vertebral Fractures and Mortality in Older Women (1999)

Women with radiographic evidence of vertebral fractures have an increased mortality rate, particularly from pulmonary disease and cancer.
Kunjin virus replicons: an RNA-based, non-cytopathic viral vector system for protein production, vaccine and gene therapy applications (2006)

The application of viral vectors for gene expression and delivery is rapidly evolving, with several entering clinical trials. However, a number of issues, including safety, gene expression levels, cell selectivity and antivector immunity, are driving the search for new vector systems. A number of replicon-based vectors derived from positive-strand RNA viruses have recently been developed, and this paper reviews the current knowledge on the first flavivirus replicon system, which is based on the Australian flavivirus Kunjin (KUN). Like most replicon systems, KUN replicons can be delivered as DNA, RNA or virus-like particles, they replicate their RNA in the cytoplasm and direct prolonged high-level gene expression. However, unlike most alphavirus replicon systems, KUN replicons are non-cytopathic, with transfected cells able to divide, allowing the establishment of cell lines stably expressing replicon RNA and heterologous genes. As vaccine vectors KUN replicons can induce potent, long-lived, protective, immunogen-specific CD8+ T cell immunity, a feature potentially related to extended production of antigen and double-stranded RNA-induced 'danger signals'. The identification of KUN replicon mutants that induce increased levels of IFN-alpha/beta has also spawned investigation of KUN replicons for use in cancer gene therapy. The unique characteristics of KUN replicons may thus make them suitable for specific protein production, vaccine and gene therapy applications.
Imaging And Nano‐Manipulation Of Single Actomyosin Motors At Work (2000)

1. Muscle contraction is achieved by the sliding movement of myosin and actin using the energy of ATPase. 2. Our research has focused on the question of how chemical energy is used to perform mechanical work. Recent developments of single molecule imaging and manipulation techniques have allowed us to study the chemical and mechanical events at a molecular level. 3. There are many lines of evidence that show that the energy liberated from ATPase is stored in the actomyosin molecules for later use. 4. The displacement produced by a single ATP molecule is made up of several steps, each of 5.3 nm. Sometimes the mechanical event is delayed after the ADP is released from myosin. 5. This storage of energy may be explained by a slow conformational transition between the metastable states of the proteins. This suggestion has been supported by results obtained using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy.
Five miscellaneous notes on juvenile drama (1945)

Five miscellaneous notes on juvenile drama Get access Charles Dewhurst Williams Charles Dewhurst Williams Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 189, Issue 1, 14 July 1945, Pages 12–13, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/189.1.12 Published: 14 July 1945
Circulatory Changes in Acute Glomerulonephritis (1959)

Conflicting opinions have been expressed as to the mechanism of pulmonary and peripheral congestion frequently observed in the oliguric stage of acute glomerulonephritis. Hemodynamic studies in 7 patients studied during the oliguric edematous phase of the disease demonstrated that these patients have high ventricular filling pressures associated with an increase in cardiac output and are, therefore, examples of a high output congestive state.
The role of polyphosphoinositides and their breakdown products in A23187-induced release of arachidonic acid from rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes (1986)

Stimulation of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes with A23187 causes phospholipase C mediated breakdown of polyphosphoinositides, as evidenced by accumulation of [3H]inositol-labelled inositol bisphosphate and inositol trisphosphate. At the same time the polyphosphoinositides and the products of their breakdown, diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid, label rapidly with radioactive arachidonic acid. Enhancement of polyphosphoinositide labelling is not as great as enhancement of diacylglycerol or phosphatidic acid labelling, suggesting additional early activation of a second independent synthetic pathway to the last named lipids. Experiments using double (3H/14C) labelling, to distinguish pools with different rates of turnover, suggest the major pool of arachidonic acid used for synthesis of lipoxygenase metabolites turns over more slowly than arachidonic acid in diacylglycerol, but at about the same rate as arachidonic acid esterified in phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylinositol. Further, when cells are prelabelled with [14C]arachidonic acid, then stimulated for 5 min, it is only from phosphatidylcholine, and to a lesser extent phosphatidylinositol, that radiolabel is lost. Release of arachidonic acid is probably via phospholipase A2, since it is blocked by the phospholipase A2 inhibitor manoalide. The absence of accumulated lysophosphatides can be explained by reacylation and, in the case of lysophosphatidylinositol, deacylation. The importance of phospholipase A2 in phosphatidylinositol breakdown contrasts with the major role of phospholipase C in polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis. Measurements of absolute free fatty acid levels, as well as studies showing a correlation between production of radiolabelled hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and release of radiolabel from the phospholipid pool, both suggest that hydrolysis of arachidonic acid esterified into phospholipids is the limiting factor regulating formation of lipoxygenase metabolites. By contrast with A23187, fMet-Leu-Phe (a widely used polymorphonuclear leucocyte activator) is a poor stimulant for arachidonic acid release unless a 'second signal' (e.g. cytochalasin B, or a product of A23187-stimulated cells) is also present. In the presence of cytochalasin B, fMet-Leu-Phe, like A23187, stimulates release of radiolabelled arachidonic acid principally from phosphatidylcholine.
Dependence of resonant tunneling current on well widths in AlAs/GaAs/AlAs double barrier diode structures (1986)

The dependence of current components on GaAs well widths is studied in AlAs/GaAs/AlAs double barrier diode structures having AlAs barriers of 8 atomic layers. It is shown for the first time that the density JRT of resonant current varies from 8×102 to 1.6×104 A cm−2 by the choice of the well width from 9 to 5 nm in accordance with theoretical calculations. Furthermore, one of these diodes shows excellent current-voltage characteristics at room temperature with a peak to valley ratio of 3, the highest value ever reported.
Contour-Based Structure from Reflection (2006)

In this paper, we propose a novel contour-based algorithm for 3D object reconstruction from a single uncalibrated image acquired under the setting of two plane mirrors. With the epipolar geometry recovered from the image and the properties of mirror reflection, metric reconstruction of an arbitrary rigid object is accomplished without knowing the camera parameters and the mirror poses. For this mirror setup, the epipoles can be estimated from the correspondences between the object and its reflection, which can be established automatically from the tangent lines of their contours. By using the property of mirror reflection as well as the relationship between the mirror plane normal with the epipole and camera intrinsic, we can estimate the camera intrinsic, plane normals and the orientation of virtual cameras. The positions of the virtual cameras are determined by minimizing the distance between the object contours and the projected visual cone for a reference view. After the camera parameters are determined, the 3D object model is constructed via the image-based visual hulls (IBVH) technique. The 3D model can be refined by integrating the multiple models reconstructed from different views. The main advantage of the proposed contour-based Structure from Reflection (SfR) algorithm is that it can achieve metric reconstruction from an uncalibrated image without feature point correspondences. Experimental results on synthetic and real images are presented to show its performance.
Sweat Gland Progenitors in Development, Homeostasis, and Wound Repair (2014)

The human body is covered with several million sweat glands. These tiny coiled tubular skin appendages produce the sweat that is our primary source of cooling and hydration of the skin. Numerous studies have been published on their morphology and physiology. Until recently, however, little was known about how glandular skin maintains homeostasis and repairs itself after tissue injury. Here, we provide a brief overview of sweat gland biology, including newly identified reservoirs of stem cells in glandular skin and their activation in response to different types of injuries. Finally, we discuss how the genetics and biology of glandular skin has advanced our knowledge of human disorders associated with altered sweat gland activity.
<title>Display holography for medical tomography</title> (1990)

In this paper we discuss what is required for the accurate and complete display of three-dimensional tomographic medical data. Both holographic stereograms and volumetric-multiplexed holograms have been used for the display of such data. We describe these two kinds of hologram, and compare them with several other display techniques including conventional two-dimensional images and pseudo-three-dimensional pictures generated using computers. The suitability of dispersion-compensated volumetric-multiplexed holography for the display of tomographic medical data derives from its ability to provide near-range physical depth cues, its ability to show all of the information in a volume without obscuration, its inherent geometric and photometric accuracy, and its similarity to conventional film-based hard copies. The showing of all information within a volume is a fundamental requirement for the display of soft tissues in tomographic medical data, but is generally undesirable for certain other three-dimensional display purposes such as Computer Aided Design. The combined effect of having the near-range physical depth-cues and showing all of the volume information provides a solution to the so-called "cloud-in-a-cloud" problem which has been significant for other display techniques.
Cross-talk between <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity (2013)

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are characterized by altered gut microbiota, inflammation, and gut barrier disruption. Microbial composition and the mechanisms of interaction with the host that affect gut barrier function during obesity and type 2 diabetes have not been elucidated. We recently isolated Akkermansia muciniphila, which is a mucin-degrading bacterium that resides in the mucus layer. The presence of this bacterium inversely correlates with body weight in rodents and humans. However, the precise physiological roles played by this bacterium during obesity and metabolic disorders are unknown. This study demonstrated that the abundance of A. muciniphila decreased in obese and type 2 diabetic mice. We also observed that prebiotic feeding normalized A. muciniphila abundance, which correlated with an improved metabolic profile. In addition, we demonstrated that A. muciniphila treatment reversed high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders, including fat-mass gain, metabolic endotoxemia, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. A. muciniphila administration increased the intestinal levels of endocannabinoids that control inflammation, the gut barrier, and gut peptide secretion. Finally, we demonstrated that all these effects required viable A. muciniphila because treatment with heat-killed cells did not improve the metabolic profile or the mucus layer thickness. In summary, this study provides substantial insight into the intricate mechanisms of bacterial (i.e., A. muciniphila) regulation of the cross-talk between the host and gut microbiota. These results also provide a rationale for the development of a treatment that uses this human mucus colonizer for the prevention or treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders.
Haptic Mouse Interface Actuated by an Electromagnet (2011)

In this paper, we propose a haptic feedback mouse that is actuated by an electromagnet. The haptic mouse works like a normal optical mouse but attraction force is generated between the electromagnet and a ferromagnetic mouse pad. We introduce some examples using the haptic mouse. For example, when the mouse cursor moves into the click able area, magnetic attraction generates strong friction, allowing the user to find the target easily. In another example, the system gives the user tactile feedback when the mouse cursor passes lines. This would be helpful to increase working efficiency for CAD work and could graphic designers who must perform abundant mouse control to select lines. If this system is integrated into computer games, it can provide the game user with various tactile experiences.
Automatic cropping of breast regions for registration in MR mammography (2005)

In MR mammography, usually the complete upper part of the body is recorded although for most diagnostic examinations and therapeutic planning only the regions around the breasts are important. This can lead to some disadvantages for automatic processing of images, e.g. higher time consumption and lesser accuracy in image registration. In this paper, we present a straight-forward method for automatic cropping of breast regions for registration in MR mammography. The method starts with processing two-dimensional slices. The result of this first step is statistically analyzed and a cropping-region for three-dimensional volumes is calculated. For each two-dimensional slice, the boundary between breast and air is identified by applying a threshold operator. This boundary describes a bimodal curve; the peaks for the right and left breast and the breastbone are found by searching among the curve's extremal points. An heuristic method analyzes this curve and further yields an estimation of the chest wall boundary to the inner body. For image registration purpose, we compare our proposed automatic cropping method with a simple cropping mechanism that defines the regions of the left and right breasts by reducing the volume to 60 percent from the margin of each side. It is shown that the proposed method works reliably and gives advantages regarding the time-quality tradeoff for automatic image registration in MR mammography.
Distributed Monoview and Multiview Video Coding (2007)

Growing percentage of the world population now uses image and video coding technologies on a regular basis. These technologies are behind the success and quick deployment of services and products such as digital pictures, digital television, DVDs, and Internet video communications. Today's digital video coding paradigm represented by the ITU-T and MPEG standards mainly relies on a hybrid of block- based transform and interframe predictive coding approaches. In this coding framework, the encoder architecture has the task to exploit both the temporal and spatial redundancies present in the video sequence, which is a rather complex exercise. As a consequence, all standard video encoders have a much higher computational complexity than the decoder (typically five to ten times more complex), mainly due to the temporal correlation exploitation tools, notably the motion estimation process. This type of architecture is well-suited for applications where the video is encoded once and decoded many times, i.e., one-to-many topologies, such as broadcasting or video-on-demand, where the cost of the decoder is more critical than the cost of the encoder.
Solid Dispersions : An Approach to Enhance the Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs (2013)

Improving oral bioavailability of drugs those given as solid dosage forms remains a challenge for the formulation scientists due to solubility problems. The dissolution rate could be the rate-limiting process in the absorption of a drug from a solid dosage form of relatively insoluble drugs. Therefore increase in dissolution of poorly soluble drugs by solid dispersion technique presents a challenge to the formulation scientists. Solid dispersion techniques have attracted considerable interest of improving the dissolution rate of highly lipophilic drugs thereby improving their bioavailability by reducing drug particle size, improving wettability and forming amorphous particles. The term solid dispersion refers to a group of solid products consisting of at least two different components, generally a hydrophilic inert carrier or matrix and a hydrophobic drug. This article reviews historical background of solid dispersion technology, limitations, classification, and various preparation techniques with its advantages and disadvantages. This review also discusses the recent advances in the field of solid dispersion technology. Based on the existing results and authors’ reflection, this review give rise to reasoning and suggested choices of carrier or matrix and solid dispersion procedure.
<i>n</i>-3 Fatty acids affect haemostasis but do not increase the risk of bleeding: clinical observations and mechanistic insights (2014)

n-3 Fatty acids (EPA and DHA, from fish oil) are essential fatty acids that are approved for the treatment of severe hypertriacylglycerolaemia and, in some countries, used for reducing the risk of CVD. Because of their inhibitory effects on platelet function, some practitioners have, perhaps unnecessarily, discontinued their use in patients undergoing invasive procedures or being treated with anti-platelet or anticoagulation drugs. Thus, the aim of the present study was to review the effects of n-3 fatty acids on bleeding complications in a wide variety of clinical settings, and to summarise their biochemical mechanism of action in platelet function and coagulation. We surveyed recent publications that either directly studied the effects of n-3 fatty acids on the risk of bleeding or focused on different end-points and also reported the effects on bleeding. n-3 Fatty acid treatment had no effect on the risk of clinically significant bleeding in either monotherapy or combination therapy settings. Although originally believed to operate primarily via the cyclo-oxygenase system, these fatty acids have been shown to affect multiple signalling pathways and thrombotic processes beyond simply affecting platelet aggregation. The present overview found no support for discontinuing the use of n-3 fatty acid treatment before invasive procedures or when given in combination with other agents that affect bleeding. On the contrary, the use of these fatty acids in several settings improved clinical outcomes.
Aerodynamic interference of vertical axis wind turbines (1990)

The laminar flowfield and performance of clusters of two-dimensional vertical axis wind turbines are analyzed by idealizing the rotors as momentum sources. The flowfield dominated by the pressure field of the operating turbines is determined by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and mutual interference is observed to be elliptic in nature. Physical positioning of the turbines with respect to each other significantly affects the aerodynamic performance of the turbines. Several cases are examined starting with one pair of turbines to a cluster as big as 21 turbines. From the two-dimensional cases presented here, it is concluded that downwind turbine performance can be improved by judiciously choosing the angular relative orientation of the turbines. Qualitative analysis of the laminar flowfield is conducted with the help of streamlines and pressure contours. Performance comparisons of the turbines are made with a stand-alone turbine operating under similar flow conditions. This investigation lays the groundwork for the optimization of a wind farm.