gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Professionalism: the next step (2006)

IT-enabled business change in the public sector needs to be supported by an approach and understanding which harnesses the full potential of technology within an overarching vision of public service delivery. This can only be achieved if it is based on a comprehensive understanding of what citizens are increasingly demanding from public service providers. In other words, service that are tailored to their citizens' needs and can be accessed at times and through methods convenient to them.
Anisotropic alignment of nickel particles in a magnetic field for electronically conductive adhesives applications (1997)

Anisotropically conductive adhesives were developed by magnetic alignment of conductive nickel particles in a non-conductive epoxy matrix. Conductivity occurs in the direction of the magnetic field applied to the adhesive film. The effects of magnetic and conducting nickel filler type (i.e. powders, filaments, flakes, and fibers), resin viscosity, and the magnitude of aligning magnetic field on the electrical properties of the resulting anisotropic adhesive were investigated. The electrical resistance of the anisotropic adhesive was measured using the four-point probe method. The resistance of the filled adhesive decreased with increasing viscosity and the intensity of the magnetic field.
Shifted rotated keyhole imaging and active tip‐tracking for interventional procedure guidance (1998)

The tools and devices used for patient treatment during interventional procedures must be accurately and safely localized. Recently, procedure guidance has been performed increasingly with MRI, but tool localization has been performed primarily by analyzing the lack of signal caused by displaced excited tissue and/or susceptibility artifacts. In this investigation, a new technique was developed to actively detect and visualize interventional tools using receive coils mounted on the tip of the interventional devices. Unlike earlier methods, in which images from small device-mounted coils are super-imposed on a previously acquired image data set, our localization method uses similar tip-mounted tools in combination with a radiofrequency (RF) switching circuit, standard imaging coils, and specially modified sequences to toggle between the standard and tip-mounted receive coil within a single fluoroscopic mode sequence. With this technique, the misregistration between the reported anatomic location and true location of interventional devices is minimized.
CD4+ T-cell epitopes associated with antibody responses after intravenously and subcutaneously applied human FVIII in humanized hemophilic E17 HLA-DRB1*1501 mice (2012)

Today it is generally accepted that B cells require cognate interactions with CD4(+) T cells to develop high-affinity antibodies against proteins. CD4(+) T cells recognize peptides (epitopes) presented by MHC class II molecules that are expressed on antigen-presenting cells. Structural features of both the MHC class II molecule and the peptide determine the specificity of CD4(+) T cells that can bind to the MHC class II-peptide complex. We used a new humanized hemophilic mouse model to identify FVIII peptides presented by HLA-DRB1*1501. This model carries a knockout of all murine MHC class II molecules and expresses a chimeric murine-human MHC class II complex that contains the peptide-binding sites of the human HLA-DRB1*1501. When mice were treated with human FVIII, the proportion of mice that developed antibodies depended on the application route of FVIII and the activation state of the innate immune system. We identified 8 FVIII peptide regions that contained CD4(+) T-cell epitopes presented by HLA-DRB1*1501 to CD4(+) T cells during immune responses against FVIII. CD4(+) T-cell responses after intravenous and subcutaneous application of FVIII involved the same immunodominant FVIII epitopes. Interestingly, most of the 8 peptide regions contained promiscuous epitopes that bound to several different HLA-DR proteins in in vitro binding assays.
Characterization of the Circulatory Response to Maximal Upright Exercise in Normal Subjects and Patients with Heart Disease (1967)

The circulatory responses to mild and maximal upright exercise were studied in six normal subjects and 21 patients with various types of cardiac disease. It was found that the usual hemodynamic indices employed to evaluate cardiac performance during exertion were unreliable in separating patients from normal persons. In contrast, the cardiac index achieved at a pulmonary arterial (PA) O 2 saturation of 30% was found to be highly reliable and sensitive for distinguishing the normal from the abnormal response to exercise. At a level of exercise that lowers PA O 2 saturation to 30%, all normal subjects achieved a cardiac index greater than 7.0 L/minm 2 while no patient exceeded 4.8 L/min/m. 2 In addition, the maximal capacity to extract O 2 was greater in patients than in normal subjects; thus, during maximal exercise it was not unusual for patients to achieve PA O 2 saturations of 15% or less, while the lowest value achieved in normal subjects was 23%.
Cholesterol Depletion Inactivates XMRV and Leads to Viral Envelope Protein Release from Virions: Evidence for Role of Cholesterol in XMRV Infection (2012)

Membrane cholesterol plays an important role in replication of HIV-1 and other retroviruses. Here, we report that the gammaretrovirus XMRV requires cholesterol and lipid rafts for infection and replication. We demonstrate that treatment of XMRV with a low concentration (10 mM) of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2OHpβCD) partially depleted virion-associated cholesterol resulting in complete inactivation of the virus. This effect could not be reversed by adding cholesterol back to treated virions. Further analysis revealed that following cholesterol depletion, virus-associated Env protein was significantly reduced while the virions remained intact and retained core proteins. Increasing concentrations of 2OHpβCD (≥20 mM) resulted in loss of the majority of virion-associated cholesterol, causing disruption of membrane integrity and loss of internal Gag proteins and viral RNA. Depletion of cholesterol from XMRV-infected cells significantly reduced virus release, suggesting that cholesterol and intact lipid rafts are required for the budding process of XMRV. These results suggest that unlike glycoproteins of other retroviruses, the association of XMRV glycoprotein with virions is highly dependent on cholesterol and lipid rafts.
Apple Maggot fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Response to Perforated Red Spheres (1996)

Alan H. Reynolds, Ronald J. Prokopy, Thomas A. Green, Starker E. Wright, Apple Maggot fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Response to Perforated Red Spheres, The Florida Entomologist, Vol. 79, No. 2 (Jun., 1996), pp. 173-179
Severe cerebral damage in ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. (1988)

Two patients are described with hyperammonemia due to ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency who suffered severe shrinkage and collapse of the brain. The cerebral cortex was spongy and cavitated, containing only a few residual neurons, and was markedly gliosed. In one patient the basal ganglia were affected and harbored Alzheimer type II astrocytes. These lesions resemble those of acquired hepatocerebral degeneration and occur especially in female children with the milder form of the disease, who have a potential to survive. Strict observance of dietary restrictions is mandatory to avoid catastrophic damage to the brain.
Display Field Communication: Fundamental Design and Performance Analysis (2015)

The prevalence of cameras in consumer electric devices has led not only to many visual-sensing applications, but also potential use of cameras for communication purposes. With the increasing interest in optical camera communication technology and quick response codes, the display-to-camera (D2C) link has become a valuable side channel in ubiquitous computing environments. This paper proposes a new concept of display field communication (DFC), where the image on the electronic display is a transmitter and the camera is a receiver, meaning that data can be transmitted via the D2C links and image sequences can be displayed for their original purpose without serious visible artifacts. Because the proposed scheme embeds data at a designated spectral band, the hidden data do not reveal itself through normal displays and can only be revealed via the proposed decoding process. To observe the practical performance of the proposed DFC, the geometric distortion based on the various vision transformation parameters was considered and its effects on the communication performance according to the spectral bands were addressed. The simulation results showed that the maximum achievable data rate of approximately 9.5 kbps could be achieved for all perspective parameter cases when a gray-scale image size of 256 × 256 was used for embedding data, consisting of eight individual information vectors with their elements of 16-QAM modulated data. The proposed DFC algorithm showed satisfactory performance, providing a high data rate in the D2C communication link while the data embedded on the images was unobtrusive to the human eye.
Polymeric Membrane Science and Technology (2013)

1 College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, 1 East Beijing Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China 2MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China 3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Effectiveness of Four Conservative Treatments for Subacute Low Back Pain (2002)

For subacute low back pain, combined joint manipulation and myofascial therapy was as effective as joint manipulation or myofascial therapy alone. Additionally, back school was as effective as three manual treatments.
Prolonged lipid oxidation after photodynamic treatment. Study with oxidation‐sensitive probe C11‐BODIPY<sup>581/591</sup> (2005)

Photodynamic treatment (PDT) is an emerging procedure for the therapy of cancer, based on photosensitizers, compounds that generate highly reactive oxygen species on illumination with visible light. Photodynamic peroxidation of cellular lipids is a consequence of PDT associated with cytolethality. We used chloromethyl dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and a novel fluorescent ratiometric oxidation-sensitive probe, C11-BODIPY581/591 (C11-BO), which reports on lipid peroxidation, for visualizing oxidative stress in cells subjected to PDT with a phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc4. With C11-BO loaded into the cells before or immediately after PDT, we observed a prolonged oxidation, which continued up to 30 min after illumination. In contrast, H2O2 caused oxidation of C11-BO only when the cells were in direct contact with H2O2. PDT-induced oxidative stress was most pronounced in vesicular perinuclear organelles, most likely photodamaged lysosomes. We hypothesize that the lysosomal localization of the prolonged oxidative stress is a consequence of the presence of redox-active iron in lysosomes. In conclusion, we have found that oxidative stress induced in cells by PDT differs from one induced by H2O2 in respect of induction of prolonged oxidation of lipids.
Electrocatalysis of Guanine Electron Transfer:  New Insights from Submillimeter Carbon Electrodes (2000)

Electrocatalytic oxidation of guanines in DNA by Ru(bpy)33+/2+ (bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine) has been detected at 86 μm-radius carbon electrodes. The electrocatalysis, which is apparent as a current enhancement of the Ru(bpy)33+/2+ couple in the presence of DNA, is dependent on the ionic strength. The ionic strength effect is due not to a change in the mediator−electrode surface interaction, but rather to a change in the mediator−DNA interaction. The small size of the electrode allows examination of the contribution of the time-independent current, which is a function of the diffusion coefficients of the electroactive species, to the total current generated by guanine oxidation by Ru(bpy)33+. The second-order rate constants from digital simulation of the experimental cyclic voltammograms collected at low ionic strength are (in terms of moles of guanine) (5.6 ± 1.4) × 104 M-1 s-1 at 5 mV/s and (8.8 ± 2.2) × 104 M-1 s-1 at 250 mV/s. At high ionic strength, the second-order rate constants for voltammograms collected at 5 mV/s or 250 mV/s are both 2 × 104 M-1 s-1. Digital simulation of the time-independent current reveals that weak electrostatic association of Ru(bpy)32+ or Ru(bpy)33+ with DNA produces maximal currents; extensive association of either the 2+ or the 3+ form inhibits the electrocatalysis and depresses the catalytic currents. Therefore, Ru(bpy)32+, which binds to DNA with a weaker affinity than does Ru(bpy)33+, is a near-ideal catalyst for electrocatalytic guanine oxidation in DNA.
The quadratic minimum spanning tree problem (1992)

This article introduces a new optimization problem that involves searching for the spanning tree of minimum cost under a quadratic cost structure. This quadratic minimum spanning tree problem is proven to be NP-hard. A technique for generating lower bounds for this problem is discussed and incorporated into branch-and-bound schemes for obtaining exact solutions. Two heuristic algorithms are also developed. Computational experience with both exact and heuristic algorithms is reported.
Multifunctional Two-Stage Riser Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Oil (2012)

The continuous deterioration of feedstocks, the increasing demand of diesel, and the increasingly strict environmental regulations on gasoline call for the development of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) technology. To increase the feed conversion and the diesel yield as well as produce low-olefin gasoline, the multifunctional two-stage riser (MFT) FCC process was proposed. Experiments were carried out in a pilot-scale riser FCC apparatus. Results show that a higher reaction temperature is appropriate for heavy cycle oil (HCO) conversion, and the semispent catalyst can also be used to upgrade light FCC gasoline (LCG). The synergistic process of cracking HCO and upgrading LCG in the second-stage riser can significantly enhance the conversion of HCO while reducing the olefin content of gasoline at less expense of gasoline yield. Furthermore, the novel structure riser reactor can increase the conversion of olefins in gasoline. Because of the significant increase of HCO conversion, the fresh feedstock can be cracked under mild conditions for producing more diesel without negative effects on the feed conversion. Compared with the TSR FCC process, in the MFT FCC process, the increased feed conversion, diesel and light oil yields can be achieved, at the same time, the olefin content of gasoline decreased by approximately 17 wt %.
An Efficient Approach for Preprocessing Data from a Large-Scale Chemical Sensor Array (2014)

In this paper, an artificial olfactory system (Electronic Nose) that mimics thebiological olfactory system is introduced. The device consists of a Large-Scale ChemicalSensor Array (16; 384 sensors, made of 24 different kinds of conducting polymer materials)that supplies data to software modules, which perform advanced data processing. Inparticular, the paper concentrates on the software components consisting, at first, of acrucial step that normalizes the heterogeneous sensor data and reduces their inherent noise.Cleaned data are then supplied as input to a data reduction procedure that extracts the mostinformative and discriminant directions in order to get an efficient representation in a lowerdimensional space where it is possible to more easily find a robust mapping between theobserved outputs and the characteristics of the odors in input to the device. Experimentalqualitative proofs of the validity of the procedure are given by analyzing data acquired fortwo different pure analytes and their binary mixtures. Moreover, a classification task isperformed in order to explore the possibility of automatically recognizing pure compoundsand to predict binary mixture concentrations.
Total removed uric acid during dialysis estimated by on-line ultra violet absorbance in the spent dialysate (2005)

Total removed uric acid during dialysis estimated by on-line ultra violet absorbance in the spent dialysate
The Centrality of Ethnic Community and the Military Service Master Frame in Hmong Americans' Protest Events and Cycles of Protest, 1980-2012 (2016)

Protest is one political strategy by which marginalized groups can try to effect social change in society. As an ethnic group with a unique historical relationship with the United States government, Hmong former refugees have regularly engaged in protests in response to perceived political threats, political opportunities, or both. Using cataloged English-language newspapers, this study examines the characteristics, forms and collective action frames of 84 Hmong American-led protest events in the United States between 1980 and 2010. The evidence indicates that Hmong American protests emerged in the 1990s, coinciding with their formation of socioeconomically mobile ethnic communities, and continued to increase in frequency throughout the 2000s particularly in places with substantial concentrations of Hmong. Although most Hmong protest events involved demonstrations, these events varied greatly in terms of their targets and issues. During the past 30-35 years, Hmong American cycles of protest have produced three master frames: the refugee protection frame, the military service frame, and the civil rights frame. I argue that the military service frame represents one of the most enduring\nand, to date, most potent collective action frames in Hmong Americans’ modern repertoire of contention. Immigrant groups’ increasingly developed communities and their strategic use of\ncollective action frames could have significant implications for their political incorporation in the United States.
Some physico-chemical properties of nine commercial or semi-commercial whey protein concentrates, isolates and fractions (1999)

Abstract The physico-chemical properties are reported for a group of whey protein powders prepared on a commercial or semi-commercial scale by three companies and chemically characterized as described elsewhere (Holt et al., 1999). The dependence of the apparent β-lactoglobulin % on the recovered % showed that the nine samples could be placed in three distinct groups with β-lactoglobulin weight % of 70.9 ± 1.1 (Group 1), 62.0 ± 3.4 (Group 2) and 39.5 ± 4.9 (Group 3). Measurements by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, on 3 of the samples confirmed that the native fold still predominated in the β-lactoglobulin. β-lactoglobulin could be crystallized from all the powders and the normal space group and cell dimensions were determined for the 8 samples that gave crystals of good enough quality for X-ray studies. Differential scanning microcalorimetry of samples dispersed in a phosphate buffer showed a clear difference between Goups 1 and 2 with a more prominent peak due to α-lactalbumin in the Group 2 samples. Light scattering and size exclusion chromatography showed that two types of aggregates were present to a variable extent in all the samples and after a heat treatment, the larger aggregates tended to predominate in Group 2. The rheology measurements, also made in the phosphate buffer, showed a difference of gel stiffness during heat treatment between the Group 1 and Group 2 samples with the exception of the BORCwpc+ sample. Within each group, gel stiffness increased with the degree of lactoslylation of the β-lactoglobulin. Interfacial measurements on samples dispersed in water presented a more complex pattern of behaviour although surface tension measurements at the air water interface of the Group 2 samples showed a two-step pattern of surface tension decrease with time, compared to a single step pattern in the Group 1 samples.
Studies in Polyketide Total Synthesis (2014)

This dissertation will describe the development of a practical and scalable crotylation reaction with application toward the total syntheses of two polyketide-derived natural products: Zincophorin and Dictyostatin.
A 2.7-V dual-frequency single-sideband mixer [for PCS] (2002)

The single-sideband (SSB) mixer is attractive since it can provide either upper or lower sideband output through an electronic control. However, it is essential for the dual-band SSB mixer to achieve high sideband rejections in both frequency bands. The sideband rejection depends on the system specifications and actual off-chip filters used in the handset, and is typically -35 dB or lower. This paper describes the design of a 0.8/2-GHz BiCMOS dual-frequency single-sideband mixer. A phase tracking technique is employed to combat the inaccuracy of quadrature shifters due IC process variations and to achieve high sideband rejections (<-35 dB) for both frequencies.
Mass-specific optical absorption coefficients and imaginary part of the complex refractive indices of mineral dust components measured by a multi-wavelength photoacoustic spectrometer (2015)

Abstract. Mass-specific optical absorption coefficients (MACs) and the imaginary part (κ) of the refractive indices of various mineral dust components including silicate clays (illite, kaolin and bentonite), oxides (quartz, hematite and rutile), and carbonate (limestone) were determined at the wavelengths of 1064, 532, 355 and 266 nm. The MAC values were calculated from aerosol optical absorption coefficients measured by a multi-wavelength photoacoustic (PA) instrument, the mass concentration and the number size distribution of the generated aerosol samples as well as the size transfer functions of the measuring instruments. Values of κ were calculated from the measured and particle-loss-corrected data by using a Mie-theory-based retrieval algorithm. The determined values could be used for comparisons with calculated wavelength-dependent κ values typically deduced from bulk-phase measurements by using indirect measurement methods. Accordingly, the presented comparison of the measured and calculated aerosol optical absorption spectra revealed the strong need for standardized sample preparation and measurement methodology in case of bulk-phase measurements.
Influence of midsole bending stiffness on joint energy and jump height performance (2000)

Increasing the bending stiffness of the metatarsophalangeal joint reduced the amount of energy lost at that joint and resulted in a corresponding improvement of performance.
Digital wireless sensor server using an adaptive smart-antenna/retrodirective array (2003)

A wireless sensor server is developed based on a reconfigurable active smart-antenna/retrodirective array. The system can serve as both a retrodirective array transponder and a smart-antenna receiver simply by changing the frequency of the local oscillator applied to the mixers, enabling it to utilize its hardware best to suit its communication environment. When operating as a direct-conversion receiver, the receiver array successfully demodulates a quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulated signal with circuit gain of 7 dB, and E/sub b//N/sub 0/ for BER=10/sup -4/ is approximately 12 dB without any error correction. In the retrodirective array mode, the system provides 20 dB circuit gain and 20 dB radio-frequency/intermediate-frequency isolation at the center frequency as well as phase conjugation, exhibiting excellent retrodirectivity. The mixers perform phase conjugation and modulation simultaneously, enabling the transmission of locally stored data. The local data is successfully extracted by an interrogator.