gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Osteogenic Potential of Culture-Expanded Rat Marrow Mesenchymal Cells Assayed In Vivo in Calcium Phosphate Ceramic Blocks (1991)

When whole marrow is introduced into porous calcium phosphate ceramic, bone forms on the walls of the pores. As an extension of earlier studies, bone marrow cells derived from the femora of inbred rats were introduced into tissue culture, and the adherent cells were cultivated, mitotically expanded, subcultured, harvested, placed in small cubes of porous calcium phosphate ceramic, and grafted into subcutaneous sites of syngeneic rats. Primary marrow-derived, cultured mesenchymal cells introduced into ceramic showed strong osteogenic potential, with bone forming in the pore regions of ceramic as early as two weeks after in vivo implantation; cartilage was observed infrequently in pores that appeared to be avascular. Osteogenesis could be observed after the 18th subculture (over 36 population doublings) when the cells were tested in ceramic at subcutaneous sites, whereas chondrogenesis was observed with only the first and second subcultured cells in the ceramic delivery vehicle. With increasing numbers of subcultures, the initiation of osteogenesis and the apparent rate of bone formation declined, and the course of osteogenesis was delayed. Cultured, marrow-derived mesenchymal cells, even after the 21st subculture (over 40 population doublings), exhibited a positive histochemical reaction for alkaline phosphatase. However, the in vivo osteogenic potential of these cells was not correlated with their alkaline phosphatase activity. The implantation of cell pellets or the injection of cell suspensions of fresh or cultured, adherent marrow cells never produced bone or cartilage in heterotopic sites. These data indicate that porous ceramic provides an excellent delivery vehicle for cells that are capable of osteogenic expression and suggest that the composite graft of marrow-derived mesenchymal cells and porous ceramic may be useful for repair of massive bone defects. It may be possible to culture marrow mesenchymal cells as a source for reparative cells for implantation back into autogeneic sites.
Interactions of Basic Proteins with Phospholipid Membranes (1971)

Abstract The interactions of four positively charged proteins, lysozyme, cytochrome c, ribonuclease, and poly-l-lysine, with negatively charged phosphatidylserine vesicles and vesicles consisting of a mixture of phosphatidylserine and neutral phosphatidylcholine were studied. Protein binding, as measured by spectrophotometric techniques for cytochrome c and microelectrophoresis, was correlated with effects on 22Na+ permeability. Lysozyme, cytochrome c, and poly-l-lysine markedly increased the 22Na+ permeability of sonically and mechanically dispersed vesicles, lysozyme being the most effective (up to 400-fold increase). Ribonuclease, although effective in decreasing electrophoretic mobility, had very little effect on permeability. When mixtures of 10% phosphatidylserine in phosphatidylcholine were used the amount of protein bound and the permeability changes were both decreased. Lysozyme and cytochrome c had no effect on the permeability of pure phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Both protein binding and permeability changes were also affected by alterations in ionic strength. The 22Na+ permeability increase induced by cytochrome c is not accompanied by a change in the activation energy for this process, which was found to be 27 to 29 kcal per mole. The same increases in permeability and high activation energy were observed when cytochrome c was added only outside or both inside and outside the vesicles. It is considered that the data presented are best explained by initial electrostatic interactions between protein and phospholipid, followed, to varying degrees, by other interactions leading to the observed changes in permeability.
Situative Selection of Platform Design Methods (2014)

Product platforms are frequently applied in industry for designing product families. The product platform builds the basis for the derivation of multiple offered variants. In literature, many different approaches and methods for the design of product platforms are available. This paper introduces a standardized profile for such methods and gives a literature review of the main approaches and methods for platform design using this profile. The profile allows the comparability of methods regarding the included categories. Moreover, a method is presented to evaluate the existing methods according their suitability for different situations and objectives for designing a product platform. The presented method is validated using a case study, especially focusing on product platforms which are capable of anticipated future changes, e.g. driven by changed market demands, customer requirements, legislation or new customer products.
Trajectory tracking control design for autonomous helicopters using a backstepping algorithm (2000)

In this paper we present a tracking controller for a class of underactuated mechanical systems, based on a backstepping procedure. This class includes an approximation of small helicopter dynamics. The need to avoid artificial singularities due to the attitude representation is the main driver behind the control design presented in this paper: to achieve this goal, we will operate directly in the configuration manifold of the vehicle. The control design provides asymptotic tracking for an approximate model of small helicopters, and bounded tracking when more complete models are considered. Simulation examples, including both point stabilization and aggressive maneuver tracking, are presented and discussed.
Proteomics:  From Basic Research to Diagnostic Application. A Review of Requirements & Needs (2005)

For several years proteomics research has been expected to lead to the finding of new markers that will translate into clinical tests applicable to samples such as serum, plasma and urine: so-called in vitro diagnostics (IVDs). Attempts to implement technologies applied in proteomics, in particular protein arrays and surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS), as IVD instruments have initiated constructive discussions on opportunities and challenges inherent in such a translation process also with respect to the use of multi-marker profiling approaches and pattern signatures in IVD. Taking into account the role that IVD plays in health care, we describe IVD requirements and needs. Subject to stringent costs versus benefit analyses, IVD has to provide reliable information about a person's condition, prognosis or risk to suffer a disease, thus supporting decisions on treatment or prevention. It is mandatory to fulfill requirements in routine IVD, including disease prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring or follow up among others. To fulfill IVD requirements, it is essential to (1) provide diagnostic tests that allow for definite and reliable diagnosis tied to a decision on interventions (prevention, treatment, or nontreatment), (2) meet stringent performance characteristics for each analyte (in particular test accuracy, including both precision of the measurement and trueness of the measurement), and (3) provide adequate diagnostic accuracy, i.e., diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity, determined by the desired positive and negative predictive values which depend on disease frequency. The fulfillment of essential IVD requirements is mandatory in the regulated environment of modern diagnostics. Addressing IVD needs at an early stage can support a timely and effective transition of findings and developments into routine diagnosis. IVD needs reflect features that are useful in clinical practice. This helps to generate acceptance and assists the implementation process. On the basis of IVD requirements and needs, we outline potential implications for clinical proteomics focused on applied research activities.
An Eimeriid Origin of Isosporoid Coccidia with Stieda Bodies as Shown by Phylogenetic Analysis of Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences (1999)

Ramon A. Carreno, John R. Barta, An Eimeriid Origin of Isosporoid Coccidia with Stieda Bodies as Shown by Phylogenetic Analysis of Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 85, No. 1 (Feb., 1999), pp. 77-83
Solenoid Operated Cartridge Valves (1977)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Small solenoid operated cartridge valves provide flexibility to supply many functions in hydraulic systems. A line of solenoid operated two way, two position cartridge directional control valves has been developed in conjunction with a series of solenoid coils with different terminations. The coils are completely interchangeable with any of the valves.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Additional development in solenoid operated cartridge valves has resulted in a co-axial solenoid cartridge relief valve which can also utilize the same solenoid coils as the other valves.</div>
Light-Induced Hetero-Diels−Alder Cycloaddition: A Facile and Selective Photoclick Reaction (2011)

2-Napthoquinone-3-methides (oNQMs) generated by efficient photodehydration (Φ=0.2) of 3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-naphthol undergo facile hetero-Diels-Alder addition (k(D-A)∼ 4×10(4) M(-1) s(-1)) to electron-rich polarized olefins in an aqueous solution. The resulting photostable benzo[g]chromans are produced in high to quantitative yield. The unreacted oNQM is rapidly hydrated (k(H2O) ∼145 s(-1)) to regenerate the starting diol. This competition between hydration and cycloaddition makes oNQMs highly selective, since only vinyl ethers and enamines are reactive enough to form the Diels-Alder adduct in an aqueous solution; no cycloaddition was observed with other types of alkenes. To achieve photolabeling or photoligation of two substrates, one is derivatized with a vinyl ether moiety, while 3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-naphthol is attached to the other via an appropriate linker. The light-induced Diels-Alder "click" strategy permits the formation of either a permanent or hydrolytically labile linkage. Rapid kinetics of this photoclick reaction (k=4×10(4) M(-1) s(-1)) is useful for time-resolved applications. The short lifetime (τ ∼7 ms in H(2)O) of the active form of the photoclick reagent prevents its migration from the site of irradiation, thus, allowing for spatial control of the ligation or labeling.
Business: designing with users in Internet time (2000)

You have three weeks to design an ecommerce application. Or three months to launch a "next-generation" website for a top video game publisher, with a new identity system, an architecture that integrates dozens of new acquisitions, and immersive lowband interactions. How can you design with users when facing intense time constraints that require simultaneous discovery user research and business strategy? Or simultaneous usage scenario development with the creation of interaction maps for a new digital service?
KITLOG: a Generic Logging Service. (1992)

A generic logging service should cater to the variable and even antagonistic needs of clients, without imposing unnecessary overhead on clients that do not use all of its functions. K i t L o g provides an original solution to this problem by decomposing logging characteristics into five mechanisms: buffering policy, distribution of records, replication of records, sharing of logs, and management of physical media. Each characteristic is embodied in a class. For each class, multiple policy implementations can be provided. Instances of these classes are stackable in any appropriate number or order. A client customizes his log, to a particular set of failure assumptions, by selecting adequate classes, instantiating them, and connecting the instances together. 1 Introduction Distributed operating systems must provide tools for reliability. Logs are the greatest common divisor of most reliability mechanisms: well-known algorithms for fault tolerance, such as two-step commitment [1], rec...
Reaktionen ein‐ und zweikerniger Alkylidinmetallkomplexe mit Phosphaalkinen: CP‐ und CMo‐Metathese (1989)

Die Isolobal‐Analogie zwischen den Fragmenten CR, P und d 5 ‐ML 5 legte es nahe, t BuCP mit dem Mo‐Komplex 1 umzusetzen. Dabei ließ sich das Metatheseprodukt 2 isolieren. Der W‐Komplex 3 ergab mit t BuCP ein Addukt 4 , das als Fe(CO) 3 ‐stabilisiertes 1‐Phospha‐3‐wolframacyclobutadien angesehen werden kann. magnified image
Macrophages stimulate bone resorption when they phagocytose particles (1990)

We investigated in vitro a mechanism by which particulate debris may induce bone resorption and cause implant loosening. We first studied two standard particles: latex, which is considered to be inert, and zymosan, which is inflammatory. Macrophages that phagocytosed either particle became activated, and stimulated 15 times as much bone resorption as did control macrophages. For activation to occur, 100 times more latex than zymosan had to be phagocytosed. We also found that bone cement and polyethylene particles activated macrophages in a similar manner, and that the necessary amounts of these were intermediate between those of latex and zymosan. None of the particles were toxic. It was concluded that implant loosening may result from bone resorption stimulated by mediators released by macrophages that have phagocytosed particles of bone cement or polyethylene.
Dietary nucleotides and gut mucosal defence. (1994)

The informational aspects of nucleic acid synthesis have attracted much more attention than the quantitative significance of DNA, rRNA, tRNA, and nucleotide synthesis. Animal and human studies suggest that in energetic terms, 5-10% of the energy used in synthesising tissue protein is expended in manufacturing an appropriate amount of synthetic machinery, that is the ribosome and tRNA. The two sources for synthesis of nucleotides are salvage of nucleotides released by intracellular degradation or derived from the diet, and nucleotides synthesised de novo from amino acids (for example, glutamine) and sugars (glucose). The comparative importance of these two processes is not well defined, but rRNA production requires a high de novo input in cell types with the capacity for rapid division (for example, lymphocytes). The gut is unusual in requiring a ready arterial supply of nucleotides synthesised by hepatic de novo pathways. Animal studies show that an exogenous supply of nucleotides (salvage) can improve liver regrowth, immune responsiveness to a microbial challenge, and gut morphology in diarrhoea models. Humans adapt to dietary nucleotide intake by downregulating de novo pathways. All total parental nutrition regimens, and most enteral regimens lack nucleotides, which may predispose to an inadequate supply of preformed nucleotides to gut and immune cells in the critically ill, artificially fed patient. Unfortunately, there are no clinical studies that answer this point at present.
Vinculin potentiates E-cadherin mechanosensing and is recruited to actin-anchored sites within adherens junctions in a myosin II–dependent manner (2010)

Cell surface receptors integrate chemical and mechanical cues to regulate a wide range of biological processes. Integrin complexes are the mechanotransducers between the extracellular matrix and the actomyosin cytoskeleton. By analogy, cadherin complexes may function as mechanosensors at cell-cell junctions, but this capacity of cadherins has not been directly demonstrated. Furthermore, the molecular composition of the link between E-cadherin and actin, which is needed to sustain such a function, is unresolved. In this study, we describe nanomechanical measurements demonstrating that E-cadherin complexes are functional mechanosensors that transmit force between F-actin and E-cadherin. Imaging experiments reveal that intercellular forces coincide with vinculin accumulation at actin-anchored cadherin adhesions, and nanomechanical measurements show that vinculin potentiates the E-cadherin mechanosensory response. These investigations directly demonstrate the mechanosensory capacity of the E-cadherin complex and identify a novel function for vinculin at cell-cell junctions. These findings have implications for barrier function, morphogenesis, cell migration, and invasion and may extend to all soft tissues in which classical cadherins regulate cell-cell adhesion.
Markers of brain injury and acute ischemic stroke (2012)

Acute ischemic stroke has a high mortality and morbidity.There is no effective serum biomarker for the rapid diagnosis of AIS.In recent years,scholars found that some biomarkers can be used to evaluate early brain damage,such as heart-type fatty acid binding protein,brain-type fatty acid binding protein,neuron-specific enolase and S100β,etc.These markers are important to clarify the pathogenesis of AIS,evaluate the extent of brain damage,guide the clinical treatment and predict prognosis and so on.The aim of this article is to review the above serum biomarkers used for detecting AIS.
Generation and propagation of partially coherent beams with nonconventional correlation functions: a review [Invited] (2014)

Partially coherent beams with nonconventional correlation functions have displayed many extraordinary properties, such as self-focusing and self-splitting, which are totally different from those of partially coherent beams with conventional Gaussian correlated Schell-model functions and are useful in many applications, such as optical trapping, free-space optical communications, and material thermal processing. In this paper, we present a review of recent developments on generation and propagation of partially coherent beams with nonconventional correlation functions.
Biological Properties of Human Interferon Beta 1 Synthesized in Recombinant Bacteria (1983)

Human fibroblast interferon, designated IFN-beta 1, has been produced in E. coli by direct expression of the cloned cDNA coding for the mature polypeptide. Bacterial lysates from recombinant cultures contain a polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 17,500 that corresponds in size to the unglycosylated IFN-beta 1 molecule. The latter could be specifically immunoprecipitated by antibodies to purified natural IFN-beta and could inhibit the replication of Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in many different cell lines. Like the natural fibroblast IFN-beta, the bacterial IFN-beta 1 was active in many human cell lines, less active in a monkey cell line and inactive in rabbit and mouse fibroblasts. The antibody titre required to neutralise the anti-herpes activity of both IFN preparations was similar suggesting that they have the same specific activities. Similarly, the bacterial IFN-beta 1 was equally active in inhibiting the proliferation of Daudi cells grown in culture. Bacterial IFN-beta 1 was also capable of enhancing natural killer cell activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro. Thus, IFN-beta 1 produced in recombinant bacteria displays a large range of biological properties ascribed to the natural fibroblast IFN-beta molecule.
Automatic thresholding of gray-level pictures using two-dimension Otsu method (2002)

One of the most useful thresholding techniques using gray-level histogram of an image is the Otsu method. The objective of this paper is to extend it to the 2-dimensional histogram. The 2-dimensional Otsu method utilizes the gray-level information of each pixel and its spatial correlation information within the neighborhood. This method was compared with the 1-dimensional Otsu method. It was found that the proposed method performs much better when the images are corrupted by noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dihydrochalcone-glucosides as Sweet Principles of Symplocos ssp. (1980)

Sweet principles of leaves of Symplocos spp., Symplocaceae, were investigated. From leaves of S. microcalyx, trilobatin, 4'-0-|3-glucoside of phloretin (2', 4, 4', 6'-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone), was isolated in a yield of 0.6 %. From leaves of both S. lancifolia and S. spicata, phlorizin, 2'-0-β-glucoside of phloretin, was isolated in yields of 0.6 and 0.7 % respectively. It is the first example of the isolation of dihydrochalcone glucosides from Symplocaceae.
Mapping SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM (2016)

A SNOMED CT-encoded problem list is required to satisfy the Certification Criteria for Stage 2 “Meaningful Use”. ICD-10-CM has replaced ICD-9-CM as the reimbursement code set in 2015. Having a cross-map from SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM would promote the use of SNOMED CT as the primary problem list terminology, while easing the transition to ICD-10-CM. There is no established principle and methodology on systematically and semantically linking SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM. This research project describes the development of mapping principle, mapping guidelines, mapping tools and mapping methodology for a rule-based crosswalk to support semi-automatic generation of ICD-10-CM codes from SNOMED CT-encoded data. A series of mapping guidelines were developed based on the clinical use case, SNOMED CT modeling convention, and ICD-10-CM classification guidelines. One of the important methodology in developing the map set is using triangulation in generating legacy maps. Using the SNOMED CT to ICD-9-CM map and General Equivalence Mappings sequentially, Indirect Map was generated from SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM for 96.2% of the SNOMED CT concepts within the scope of the study. Another innovation in this crossmapping research is implementation of a principle to handle age specification. The age rule was one type of rule to handle cases in which one SNOMED CT concept can map to different ICD-10-CM codes depending on the age of the patient. The age rule quality assurance (QA) was a mechanism to capture the age specification that can be easily missed by manual mapping. The results showed that the mapping guidelines ensured the mapping consistency, which potentially would reduce the mapping discrepancy between the two independent parallel mapping efforts. It also made it possible that the map set can be used in a meaningful way when data is exchanged. On this triangulation method in generating legacy map, an Indirect Map generated from SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM covered a very high percentage of SNOMED CT concepts. Overall, this Indirect Map had a moderate degree of agreement with the Direct SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM map. However, the indirect synonymy maps have much higher precision and can be used for quality assurance (QA) of the three maps. The age rule QA identified 342 out of 7,277 concepts which potentially required age rules, among these 50.3% turned out to be true positives. Without this QA, a large proportion of age rules in the published Map would have been missed. The outcomes of this research project include a set of mapping principle, mapping guidelines, mapping tools and mapping methodology for a rule-based crosswalk from SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM. All these could be used as a prototype in other cross standard mappings. For example, in the US, ICD-10-PCS officially replaced ICD-9-CM from October 2015 onwards. A project was formulating earlier this year (2015) for the purpose of creating the map from SNOMED CT procedure to ICD-10-PCS. It is a pleasant finding that tooling, principles and guidelines established in SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM mapping can be re-used, with modifications, for the PCS mapping process.