gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulsed Optoacoustics in Solids (2000)

Optoacoustic techniques are widely used to probe and characterize target materials including solids, liquids and gases. Included in such applications are diagnoses of thin films and semiconductor materials. The need to obtain greater spatial resolution requires the generation of shorter optoacoustic pulses. For such pulses, non-thermal effects may be quite important. On the other hand, even when an optoacoustic pulse is generated by an initially non-thermal technique, the thermal aspects become important in its evolution and propagation. The research undertaken in this Ph.D. dissertation included the generation and detection of optoacoustic signals through the thermal elastic mechanism. Several applications in material property diagnostics were investigated using several pulsed lasers. Both contact and non-contact detection techniques were used. A compact, lightweight, inexpensive system using a semiconductor laser, with potentially wide applicability, was developed. We developed the methods of analysis required to compare and explain the experimental results obtained. Included in such development was the incorporation of the responsivity of a piezoelectric transducer, whose necessarily non-ideal characteristics need to be accounted for in any analysis. We extended the Rosencwaig-Gersho model, which is used to treat the thermal diffusion problem with a sinusoidal heat source, to a at source, to a general pulsed laser source. This problem was also solved by a numerical method we developed in this work. Two powerful tools were introduced to process experimental data. The Fourier transform was used to resolve the time interval between two acoustic echoes. The wavelet transform was used to identify optoacoustic pulses in different wave modes or those generated by different mechanisms. The wavelet shrinkage technique was used to remove white noise from the signal. We also developed a spectral ratio method, which eliminates the need for the knowledge of several material parameters, to obtain the optical absorption coefficient. Finally, we extended the optoacoustic measurement to biological samples and applied techniques that we developed in this work to process and analyze signals obtained from such samples.
A digital modulation method for terrestrial digital TV broadcasting using trellis coded OFDM and its performance (2003)

OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) is regarded as an excellent digital modulation method for various future digital broadcasting systems, including digital audio broadcasting (DAB). The scope of applications of the OFDM can be further expanded by combining it with TCM (trellis coded modulation). This TCM-OFDM system can transmit a much larger number of data than conventional OFDM, causing almost no degradation of bit error rate performance within the same frequency bandwidth. The concept of the TCM-OFDM system for terrestrial digital TV broadcasting and a system configuration that needs no carrier recovery at the receiver and gives simulation results of the bit error rate performances under various receiving conditions are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Boosting for transfer learning (2007)

Traditional machine learning makes a basic assumption: the training and test data should be under the same distribution. However, in many cases, this identical-distribution assumption does not hold. The assumption might be violated when a task from one new domain comes, while there are only labeled data from a similar old domain. Labeling the new data can be costly and it would also be a waste to throw away all the old data. In this paper, we present a novel transfer learning framework called TrAdaBoost, which extends boosting-based learning algorithms (Freund & Schapire, 1997). TrAdaBoost allows users to utilize a small amount of newly labeled data to leverage the old data to construct a high-quality classification model for the new data. We show that this method can allow us to learn an accurate model using only a tiny amount of new data and a large amount of old data, even when the new data are not sufficient to train a model alone. We show that TrAdaBoost allows knowledge to be effectively transferred from the old data to the new. The effectiveness of our algorithm is analyzed theoretically and empirically to show that our iterative algorithm can converge well to an accurate model.
Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Dependent Phosphorylation of Ca <sup>2+</sup> Cycling Proteins Generates Robust Rhythmic Local Ca <sup>2+</sup> Releases in Cardiac Pacemaker Cells (2013)

The spontaneous beating of the heart is governed by spontaneous firing of sinoatrial node cells, which generate action potentials due to spontaneous depolarization of the membrane potential, or diastolic depolarization. The spontaneous diastolic depolarization rate is determined by spontaneous local submembrane Ca²⁺ releases through ryanodine receptors (RyRs). We sought to identify specific mechanisms of intrinsic Ca²⁺ cycling by which sinoatrial node cells, but not ventricular myocytes, generate robust, rhythmic local Ca²⁺ releases. At similar physiological intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations, local Ca²⁺ releases were large and rhythmic in permeabilized sinoatrial node cells but small and random in permeabilized ventricular myocytes. Furthermore, sinoatrial node cells spontaneously released more Ca²⁺ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum than did ventricular myocytes, despite comparable sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ content in both cell types. This ability of sinoatrial node cells to generate larger and rhythmic local Ca²⁺ releases was associated with increased abundance of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase (SERCA), reduced abundance of the SERCA inhibitor phospholamban, and increased Ca²⁺-dependent phosphorylation of phospholamban and RyR. The increased phosphorylation of RyR in sinoatrial node cells may facilitate Ca²⁺ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, whereas Ca²⁺-dependent increase in phosphorylation of phospholamban relieves its inhibition of SERCA, augmenting the pumping rate of Ca²⁺ required to support robust, rhythmic local Ca²⁺ releases. The differences in Ca²⁺ cycling between sinoatrial node cells and ventricular myocytes provide insights into the regulation of intracellular Ca²⁺ cycling that drives the automaticity of sinoatrial node cells.
Abnormalities of T cell signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus (2011)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease resulting from a loss of tolerance to multiple self antigens, and characterized by autoantibody production and inflammatory cell infiltration in target organs, such as the kidneys and brain. T cells are critical players in SLE pathophysiology as they regulate B cell responses and also infiltrate target tissues, leading to tissue damage. Abnormal signaling events link to defective gene transcription and altered cytokine production, contributing to the aberrant phenotype of T cells in SLE. Study of signaling and gene transcription abnormalities in SLE T cells has led to the identification of novel targets for therapy.
High-fiber diet in the treatment of obesity and hypercholesterolemia. (1993)

Nine obese patients weighing 20% or more above the desired body weight with ages ranging from 38 to 73 years participated in a study in which they were given Meal Exchange for 1 to 8 months. Meal Exchange is a high-fiber (14.68 gm/2 tbsp) food product composed of nuts, nonfat milk, whole grains, and lactase. Total weight loss and cholesterol levels were recorded. There was significant weight loss and drop in blood cholesterol levels.
Seminal fluid regulation of female sexual attractiveness in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (1998)

Finding a willing and suitable mate is critical for sexual reproduction. Visual, auditory, and chemical cues aid in locating and/or attracting partners. After mating, females from many insect species become less attractive. This is caused by changes in the quantity and/or quality of pheromones synthesized by the female and to changes in the female's behavior. For example, female insects may stop releasing pheromones, assume a mate refusal posture, or move less in response to males. Many postmating changes in female insects are triggered by seminal fluid proteins from the male's accessory gland proteins (Acps) and by sperm. To determine the role of seminal fluid components in mediating changes in attractiveness, we measured the attractiveness of Drosophila melanogaster females that had been mated to genetically altered males that lack sperm and/or Acps. We found that the drop in female attractiveness occurs in two phases. A short-term drop in attractiveness is triggered independent of the receipt of sperm and Acps. Maintenance of lowered attractiveness is dependent upon sperm.
Catalytic Enantioselective Ring-Closing Metathesis by a Chiral Biphen−Mo Complex (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCatalytic Enantioselective Ring-Closing Metathesis by a Chiral Biphen−Mo ComplexJohn B. Alexander, Daniel S. La, Dustin R. Cefalo, Amir H. Hoveyda, and Richard R. SchrockView Author Information Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 16, 4041–4042Publication Date (Web):April 15, 1998Publication History Received29 December 1997Published online15 April 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja974353ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja974353irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2715Altmetric-Citations213LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Metathesis,Molecular structure Get e-Alerts
The Functioning of Sediment Routing Systems Using a Mass Balance Approach: Example from the Eocene of the Southern Pyrenees (2013)

Sediment routing systems link source regions undergoing erosion with depositional sinks and involve a volumetric or mass budget. Understanding how these source-to-sink systems function is key to stratigraphic prediction, but estimation of their surface sediment discharges and depositional fluxes on geological time scales is a challenging problem. We recognize a paleosediment routing system from the geological record in the mid-late Eocene Escanilla Formation and time equivalents of the tectonically active wedge-top region of the southern Pyrenees. By mapping the >200-km-long fairway of the Escanilla sediment routing system, we obtain the sediment budget and grain-size fractionation of three time intervals, each of 2.5–2.6-m.yr. duration, over the time period 41.6–33.9 Ma. Four thousand cubic kilometers of sediment, sourced principally from two feeder systems in the high Pyrenees, was deposited in a period of 7.7 m.yr. The positions of moving boundaries, characterized by rapid reduction in the percentage of gravel, sand, and fine grain-size fractions (gravel cline, gravel front, sand front), are sensitive to the dynamics of the sediment routing system. In order to understand these dynamics, total volumes of sediment sequestered as stratigraphy, together with the component volumes of gravel, sand, and fines, are transformed into a mass balance framework. Over time, there was a progressive westward progradation of coarse-grained facies driven by increasing sediment supply from the rapidly eroding Pyrenean orogen. Changes in the rate of downsystem fining of grain size, percentages of grain-size fractions in preserved stratigraphy, position of moving boundaries, and evolution of gross-depositional environments are related to variations in the volume of sediment supplied, the grain-size mix of the supply, and the spatial distribution of tectonic subsidence generating accommodation.
The UL8 component of the herpes simplex virus helicase-primase complex stimulates primer synthesis by a subassembly of the UL5 and UL52 components. (1994)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV) UL5, UL8, and UL52 proteins form a helicase-primase complex in infected cells. Several laboratories have demonstrated that helicase and nucleoside triphosphatase activities of the heterotrimer (UL5/8/52) are indistinguishable from that of a subassembly of UL5 and UL52 (UL5/52). Although the UL5/52 subassembly functions in coupled primase-polymerase assays on homopolymeric templates, its activity on natural DNA templates has been reported to require UL8. To determine the role of UL8 in primase assays, the activity of the UL5/52 subassembly was compared to that of the heterotrimer reconstituted by adding UL8 to UL5/52. We detected significant activity of the UL5/52 subassembly in coupled primase-polymerase and oligoribonucleotide primer synthesis assays on phi X174 and M13 virion DNAs. However the addition of UL8 to UL5/52 stimulated this activity in a dose-dependent manner. We demonstrate that stimulation occurred at the level of primer synthesis. UL8 did not affect the amount or size of primers annealed to template, their utilization by DNA polymerase, or the use of specific initiation sites within the template. In kinetic studies, the rate of primer synthesis was increased by UL8 but the Km for phi X174 DNA template was unchanged. These results suggest that a function of the UL8 component of the HSV helicase-primase complex is to increase the efficiency of primer synthesis by UL5/52.
Fruit recognition based on convolution neural network (2016)

Computer vision is widely used at present. However, fruit recognition is still a problem for the stacked fruits on weighing scale because of complexity and overlap. In this paper, a fruit recognition algorithm based on convolution neural network(CNN) is proposed. At first the image regions are extracted using selective search algorithm, then the regions have been selected by means of an entropy of fruit images, and finally these regions are regarded as input of CNN neural network for training and recognition. The final decision is made based on a fusion of all region classifications using voting mechanism. In order to achieve the actual application in supermarket, we have considered the variety of fruit, stack of fruits, the changes of fruit number and position, and have made a multifarious training set of fruits. After the network has been trained with an optimal training set, it has obtained a remarkable recognition rates for the fruits stacked on a weighing scale.
Preparation of Alkyl Azides from Hydrazine Derivatives<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Alkyl Azides from Hydrazine Derivatives1PETER A. S. SMITH, JOHN M. CLEGG, and JULIAN LAKRITZCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 11, 1595–1599Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01105a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01105a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views826Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In situ formation of a cellular graphene framework in thermoplastic composites leading to superior thermal conductivity (2017)

With single-step hot-pressing processes, a remarkable enhancement of the thermal conductivity of graphene/thermoplastic composites has been achieved, based on the formation of an interconnected, thermally percolating graphene framework in their matrix.
Fibrin Sheath Angioplasty: A Technique to Prevent Superior Vena Cava Stenosis Secondary to Dialysis Catheters (2012)

Fibrin sheaths are a heterogeneous matrix of cells and debris that form around catheters and are a known cause of central venous stenosis and catheter failure. A total of 50 cases of central venous catheter fibrin sheath angioplasty (FSA) after catheter removal or exchange are presented. A retrospective review of an outpatient office database identified 70 eligible patients over a 19-month period. After informed consent was obtained, the dialysis catheter exiting the skin was clamped, amputated, and a wire was inserted. The catheter was then removed and a 9-French sheath was inserted into the superior vena cava, a venogram was performed. If a fibrin sheath was present, angioplasty was performed using an 8 × 4 or 10 × 4 balloon along the entire length of the fibrin sheath. A completion venogram was performed to document obliteration of the sheath. During the study, 50 patients were diagnosed with a fibrin sheath, and 43 had no pre-existing central venous stenosis. After FSA, 39 of the 43 patient's (91%) central systems remained patent without the need for subsequent interventions; 3 patients (7%) developed subclavian stenoses requiring repeat angioplasty and stenting; 1 patent (2.3%) developed an occlusion requiring a reintervention. Seven patients with prior central stenosis required multiple angioplasties; five required stenting of their central lesions. Every patient had follow-up fistulograms to document long-term patency. We propose that FSA is a prudent and safe procedure that may help reduce the risk of central venous stenosis from fibrin sheaths due to central venous catheters.
Developing RDF-based Web Services for supporting runtime matchmaking and invocation (2011)

In our previous research, we proposed an Autonomous Matchmaking Web Services (AMWS) framework, in which Web services broker themselves to notify the service registry whether they are suitable to the service requests. This framework is designated to more efficiently work for dynamically assembling services at runtime in a massively distributed environment. The central point of the AMWS is to use RDF (Resource Description Framework) to carry all exchanging messages. However, the implementation detail has not been discussed yet. In this paper, we focus on showing the two most important implementation parts of (1) transforming existing services to become AMWS compliant services that can consume and produce RDF messages; (2) service semantics can be annotated and self-brokered by using our developed Development Time Semantic Annotation and Lowering (DtSAL) Library at programming time.
Chapter 1. An Overview of Bile-Acid Synthesis, Chemistry and Function (2008)

Bile acids (BAs) are a group of water-soluble steroids formed during the catabolism of cholesterol, and synthesised in the hepatocytes of the liver. The products, cholic acid (CA), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), are called primary bile acids. Figure 1.1 shows an overview of the pathways involved ...
Gelsolin Inhibits Apoptosis by Blocking Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Loss and Cytochrome c Release (2000)

Apoptotic cell death, characterized by chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, cell membrane blebbing, and apoptotic body formation, is also accompanied by typical mitochondrial changes. The latter includes enhanced membrane permeability, fall in mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)) and release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Gelsolin, an actin regulatory protein, has been shown to inhibit apoptosis, but when cleaved by caspase-3, a fragment that is implicated as an effector of apoptosis is generated. The mechanism by which the full-length form of gelsolin inhibits apoptosis is unclear. Here we show that the overexpression of gelsolin inhibits the loss of Deltapsi(m) and cytochrome c release from mitochondria resulting in the lack of activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 in Jurkat cells treated with staurosporine, thapsigargin, and protoporphyrin IX. These effects were corroborated in vitro using recombinant gelsolin protein on isolated rat mitochondria stimulated with Ca(2+), atractyloside, or Bax. This protective function of gelsolin, which was not due to simple Ca(2+) sequestration, was inhibited by polyphosphoinositide binding. In addition we confirmed that gelsolin, besides its localization in the cytosol, is also present in the mitochondrial fraction of cells. Gelsolin thus acts on an early step in the apoptotic signaling at the level of mitochondria.
EU'S LONELY COURSE ON CHEMICALS POLICY (2002)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTEU'S LONELY COURSE ON CHEMICALS POLICYIndustry has marshaled unlikely allies for alternative, less costly approachPATRICIA L. SHORTView Author Information C&EN LONDONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2002, 80, 28, 14–16Publication Date (Print):July 15, 2002Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 15 July 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v080n028.p014Copyright © 2002 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts