gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence of the activity of colicin E1 in artificial membrane vesicles on pH, membrane potential, and vesicle size. (1984)

The dependence on pH and membrane potential of the ability of colicin E1 and a COOH-terminal tryptic fragment of the colicin to form membrane channels has been measured using a chloride-sensitive electrode to measure colicin-induced ion efflux from asolectin vesicles of two different size classes. This method allows measurement of ion efflux on a faster time scale, with half-times for efflux less than or equal to 3 s, than previously possible using labeled solutes. Activity measurements were also made through the use of potential-indicating fluorescence probes. The activities of both colicin E1 and the fragment increased with decreasing pH. The activity of the colicin was maximum at pH values near 4.0, with an apparent pK of 4.5-4.6, whereas that of the COOH-terminal fragment continued to increase to the lowest pH value, 3.4, that could be used, showing an apparent pK less than or equal to 3.8. Using relatively small vesicles (average diameter approximately equal to 0.1 micron) made by a freeze-thaw procedure, chloride efflux caused by addition of fragment or colicin was independent of the initial transmembrane K+-diffusion potential imposed upon the system. However, with larger (0.5-micron diameter) vesicles prepared by a fusion method, the chloride efflux showed a dependence upon membrane potential, with the activity decreasing as the membrane potential was made more positive. The average size of the different vesicle populations was determined by electron microscopy. It is proposed that the lack of potential dependence observed in the freeze-thaw vesicles and the small voltage dependence, relative to planar membranes, seen in the larger fused vesicles, results from rapid discharge of the membrane potential and internal ion content of the vesicles.
Isolation of DNA markers in the direction of the Huntington disease gene from the G8 locus. (1988)

To facilitate identification of additional DNA markers near and on opposite sides of the Huntington disease (HD) gene, we developed a panel of somatic-cell hybrids that allows accurate subregional mapping of DNA fragments in the distal portion of 4p. By means of the hybrid-cell mapping panel and a library of DNA fragments enriched for sequences from the terminal one-third of the short arm of chromosome 4, 105 DNA fragments were mapped to six different physical regions within 4p15-4pter. Four polymorphic DNA fragments of particular interest were identified, at least three of which are distal to the HD-linked D4S10 (G8) locus, a region of 4p previously devoid of DNA markers. Since the HD gene has also recently been shown to be distal to G8, these newly identified DNA markers are in the direction of the HD gene from G8, and one or more of them may be on the opposite side of HD from G8.
"Polythene" Ring Pessaries (1958)

EDIAL JOURNAL (Donohue, Playfair
DSP implementation of Cholesky decomposition (2006)

Both the matrix inversion and solving a set of linear equations can be computed with the aid of the Cholesky decomposition. In this paper, the Cholesky decomposition is mapped to the typical resources of digital signal processors (DSP) and our implementation applies a novel way of computing the fixed-point inverse square root function. The presented principles result in savings in the number of clock cycles. As a result, the Cholesky decomposition can be incorporated in applications such as 3G channel estimator where short execution time is crucial
Corbino-geometry Josephson weak links in thin superconducting films (2010)

I consider a Corbino-geometry superconducting-normal-superconducting Josephson weak link in a thin superconducting film, in which current enters at the origin, flows outward, passes through an annular Josephson weak link, and leaves radially. In contrast to sandwich-type annular Josephson junctions, in which the gauge-invariant phase difference obeys the sine-Gordon equation, here the gauge-invariant phase difference obeys an integral equation. I present exact solutions for the gauge-invariant phase difference across the weak link when it contains an integral number $N$ of Josephson vortices and the current is zero. I then study the dynamics when a current is applied, and I derive the effective resistance and the viscous drag coefficient; I compare these results with those in sandwich-type junctions. I also calculate the critical current when there is no Josephson vortex in the weak link but there is a Pearl vortex nearby.
A Facile Synthesis of 1,1-Disubstituted 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-b-carbolines via Trifluoroacetic Acid Catalyzed Pictet- Spengler Reaction Using Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide as an Imination Reagent (2003)

A synthesis of 1,1-disubstitued 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines (13) was achieved in a highly effective manner via the trifluoroacetic acid catalyzed Pictet-Spengler reaction of the keto imines (9) prepared from tryptamine (8) with acyclic and cyclic ketones using titanium(IV) isopropoxide as the imination reagent under one pot procedure.This reaction provides a convenient and general method for preparing various 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines derivatives.Recently, we have developed a convenient method of preparing 1,1-disubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines via Pictet-Spengler reaction 1 of arylethylamines with ketones using titanium(IV) isopropoxide which overcame the difficulty of imination reaction. 2The cyclization of the imines to the isoquinoline ring system catalyzing with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) proceeded in a highly effective manner via the formyliminium ion in situ formed with acetic-formic anhydride.For example, the reaction of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine (1) with acetophenone (2a) produced the corresponding N-formyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (3) in 99% yield.We also found that the Pictet-Spengler reaction of arylethylamines with ketones does not proceed via the iminium ion (6) generated from the imine (4) by protonation (Scheme 1).In this paper we describe the Pictet-Spengler reaction of tryptamine with ketones using titanium (IV) isopropoxide, which would provide a method of preparing 1,1-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines. 3 MeO MeO NH 2 Me Ph O MeO MeO N Me Ph MeO MeO N Me Ph CHO N Me Ph CHO MeO MeO 1 4 5 Ti(O-iPr) 4 HCOOH-Ac 2 O + CF 3 COOH Scheme 1 2a 3 MeO MeO N Me Ph CF 3 COOH N Me Ph H MeO MeO
Vehicular Safety Application Identifier algorithm for LTE VANET server (2016)

Vehicular communications have been an incentive for driver safety and ultimately autonomous smart vehicles. These vehicular networks have strict requirements with transmission frequency, range, and delay. From previous contributions, Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been found to meet the requirements for vehicular networks. Extensive realistic system level simulations, including multipath and multi cell environments, have been carried out to evaluate the performance of LTE networks for vehicular communications. This paper improves upon previously contributed simulations by introducing Safety Application Identifier along with an algorithm that implements differentiated Quality of Service (QoS) for different safety applications that are handled by the vehicular server located within the LTE core network. Results show that the probability of end-to-end delay below 100 ms increases by 20%, downlink goodput of the system improves reducing the amount of vehicular application traffic, and eventually the number of downlink flows is reduced by 60%; improving network capacity. Moreover, with the implementation of the proposed algorithm, high QoS can be achieved for vehicular safety applications in terms of delay and packet delivery.
Melt free‐radical grafting of hindered phenol antioxidant onto polyethylene (2000)

A monomeric antioxidant (3) was prepared by reacting 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (1) with N-[4-(chlorocarbonyl) phenyl] maleimide (2). This reactive antioxidant was grafted onto polyethylene (PE) by melt processing with free-radical initiators in a mini-max molder. The IR spectra of the grafted PE showed that the monomeric antioxidant was introduced onto the PE. IR spectroscopic methods and titration were used for the quantitative determination of the extent of grafting of the monomeric antioxidant. Also, the extent of crosslinking was indicated by the gel content. Grafting occurred in the following order: dicumyl peroxide (DCP) > benzoyl peroxide > 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile. The influences of the DCP concentration and monomeric antioxidant on the extent of grafting were studied. The effects of the reaction time and temperature were also determined. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2968–2973, 2000
Unikernels (2013)

We present unikernels , a new approach to deploying cloud services via applications written in high-level source code. Unikernels are single-purpose appliances that are compile-time specialised into standalone kernels, and sealed against modification when deployed to a cloud platform. In return they offer significant reduction in image sizes, improved efficiency and security, and should reduce operational costs. Our Mirage prototype compiles OCaml code into unikernels that run on commodity clouds and offer an order of magnitude reduction in code size without significant performance penalty. The architecture combines static type-safety with a single address-space layout that can be made immutable via a hypervisor extension. Mirage contributes a suite of type-safe protocol libraries, and our results demonstrate that the hypervisor is a platform that overcomes the hardware compatibility issues that have made past library operating systems impractical to deploy in the real-world.
The marital status inventory: Development of a measure of dissolution potential (1980)

Abstract The development of a 14-item intensity scale measuring likelihood of marriage dissolution is described. The Marital Status Inventory (MSI) forms a Guttman-like scale. Preliminary discriminant validity data are presented for the self-report scale indicating that couples presenting with marital problems score significantly higher than couples seeking parent-child related therapy. The predictive validity of the scale remains to be demonstrated, but the MSI is reported for use by researchers and clinicians.
AN EFFICIENT ONE POT SYNTHESIS OF N,N-DISUBSTITUTED UNSYMMETRICAL UREAS AND CARBAMATES (1996)

(1996). AN EFFICIENT ONE POT SYNTHESIS OF N,N-DISUBSTITUTED UNSYMMETRICAL UREAS AND CARBAMATES. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 173-177.
Performances of Wafer-Level UnderFill with 50&#x00B5;m pitch interconnections: Comparison with conventional underfill (2011)

This paper deals with the performances of Wafer-Level UnderFill in ultra-fine 50 microns pitch interconnections. Firstly, dry-film WLUF assembly feasibility has been demonstrated by checking lamination and planarity in the pillar areas. Well-formed Pb-free joints have been obtained after thermocompression with limited void or WLUF entrapment. Secondly, to have a better understanding of this innovative material performances during thermal and moisture tests, the electrical behavior of Copper pillars chains surrounded by WLUF has been compared with those surrounded by classic Capillary Underfill used in the semiconductor industry. We have successfully demonstrated that chains surrounded by WLUF are stable during JEDEC level 4 preconditioning and moisture storage. During thermal cycling, behavior variation of chains surrounded by WLUF has been observed, depending on interconnects quantity. However, electrical performances of the longest 100 pillars chain respond to industrial specifications and are similar for both underfill. After thermal and moisture tests, a good adhesion of WLUF stacks has been verified by shear tests. Those results have demonstrated the pertinence of this innovative WLUF material with 50μm pitch interconnections.
Inhibition of Sphingomyelin Hydrolysis: Targeting the Lipid Mediator Ceramide as a Key Regulator of Cellular Fate (2009)

Ceramide, an intracellular lipid mediator, is generated by transient hydrolysis of sphingomyelin in response to agonists inducing inflammation and apoptosis, ionizing radiation, chemotherapeutics or ischaemia/reperfusion. An elevated intracellular ceramide production is predominantly induced by an elevated hydrolytic activity of sphingomyelinases or by the activity of enzymes controlling de novo synthesis, such as ceramide synthase. Ceramide is implicated in various cellular responses, acting as an autonomous intracellular effector in cell cycle regulation, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis. Furthermore, by changing membrane properties it contributes to the assembly and interactions of various signal transduction molecules. The lipid mediator is subsequently metabolised by ceramidase and sphingosine kinase, and other key players, which determine the dynamic balance between the intracellular levels of ceramide and its breakdown products (the ceramide/S1P rheostat). Together with sphingomyelinases, they are crucial for cell signalling, cellular survival or initiation of apoptosis. Sphingomyelinases are regarded as key enzymes in the regulated activation of the sphingomyelin cycle. Up to now, five isoforms of sphingomyelinases are known, differentiated by agonists, intracellular localization, pH optimum and essential co-factors. Herein, we focus on the biochemical background and the action of pharmacologically interesting compounds capable of interfering with sphingomyelinases and outline their potential implications for medicinal chemistry.
Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Excitability: Learning Rules and Mechanisms (2003)

Spatio-temporal configurations of distributed activity in the brain is thought to contribute to the coding of neuronal information and synaptic contacts between nerve cells could play a central role in the formation of privileged pathways of activity. Synaptic plasticity is not the exclusive mode of regulation of information processing in the brain, and persistent regulations of ionic conductances in some specialized neuronal areas such as the dendrites, the cell body, and the axon could also modulate, in the long-term, the propagation of neuronal information. Persistent changes in intrinsic excitability have been reported in several brain areas in which activity is elevated during a classical conditioning. The role of synaptic activity seems to be a determinant in the induction, but the learning rules and the underlying mechanisms remain to be defined. We discuss here the role of synaptic activity in the induction of intrinsic plasticity in cortical, hippocampal, and cerebellar neurons. Activation of glutamate receptors initiates a long-term modification in neuronal excitability that may represent a parallel, synergistic substrate for learning and memory. Similar to synaptic plasticity, long-lasting intrinsic plasticity appears to be bidirectional and to express a certain level of input or cell specificity. These nonsynaptic forms of plasticity affect the signal propagation in the axon, the dendrites, and the soma. They not only share common learning rules and induction pathways with the better-known synaptic plasticity such as NMDA receptor dependent LTP and LTD, but also contribute in synergy with these synaptic changes to the formation of a coherent engram.
Thermal Spray Coatings for Ball Valves Used in Nickel/Cobalt Pressure Acid Leaching (2000)

Abstract Pressure acid leaching (PAL) of lateritic nickel ores requires the use of extremely severe processing conditions (250 °C, &gt; 4000 kPa, 98 % H2SO4). In addition to the severe corrosive nature of the acid solution, up to 30% of abrasive solids are present in the slurry. PyroGenesis Inc. has applied its expertise in materials science and thermal spray technologies into developing and commercially applying coatings for the protection of ball valve components used in PAL autoclaves. Vacuum plasma spray (VPS) and atmospheric plasma spray (APS) processes are used to apply coatings of metals and ceramics for corrosion and wear resistance, respectively. A comparative study on the microstructure and mechanical properties of different coatings, applied with the two processes, will be presented. Although APS coatings provide enhanced abrasive resistance, VPS coatings have shown the potential for superior properties. The extreme temperatures and pressures associated with the actual PAL conditions are too severe to simulate in laboratory conditions, hence, corrosion testing was not possible. Microstructural analysis, microhardness, adhesion, and abrasion testing were determined for each coating/processing combination.
Antenna and Radar Front-End Design for Heartbeat Detection for Triggering Purposes of Medical Devices (2013)

This paper presents a single patch antenna design operating in 868 MHz band. The antenna is integrated in a mat for the human heartbeat detection, which in turn is used for triggering purposes of medical devices. To broaden the operating bandwidth so that the variation of the electrical properties
The normal serum-calcium and magnesium of the rat: their relation to sex and age (1933)

Research Article| January 01 1933 The normal serum-calcium and magnesium of the rat: their relation to sex and age Elsie Watchorn Elsie Watchorn 1The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1933) 27 (6): 1875–1878. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0271875 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Elsie Watchorn; The normal serum-calcium and magnesium of the rat: their relation to sex and age. Biochem J 1 January 1933; 27 (6): 1875–1878. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0271875 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1933 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1933 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Active Optical Sensors for Tree Stem Detection and Classification in Nurseries (2014)

Active optical sensing (LIDAR and light curtain transmission) devices mounted on a mobile platform can correctly detect, localize, and classify trees. To conduct an evaluation and comparison of the different sensors, an optical encoder wheel was used for vehicle odometry and provided a measurement of the linear displacement of the prototype vehicle along a row of tree seedlings as a reference for each recorded sensor measurement. The field trials were conducted in a juvenile tree nursery with one-year-old grafted almond trees at Sierra Gold Nurseries, Yuba City, CA, United States. Through these tests and subsequent data processing, each sensor was individually evaluated to characterize their reliability, as well as their advantages and disadvantages for the proposed task. Test results indicated that 95.7% and 99.48% of the trees were successfully detected with the LIDAR and light curtain sensors, respectively. LIDAR correctly classified, between alive or dead tree states at a 93.75% success rate compared to 94.16% for the light curtain sensor. These results can help system designers select the most reliable sensor for the accurate detection and localization of each tree in a nursery, which might allow labor-intensive tasks, such as weeding, to be automated without damaging crops.
Green tea (−)-epigallocatechin-gallate modulates early events in huntingtin misfolding and reduces toxicity in Huntington's disease models (2006)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which only symptomatic treatments of limited effectiveness are available. Preventing early misfolding steps and thereby aggregation of the polyglutamine (polyQ)-containing protein huntingtin (htt) in neurons of patients may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to postpone the onset and progression of HD. Here, we demonstrate that the green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) potently inhibits the aggregation of mutant htt exon 1 protein in a dose-dependent manner. Dot-blot assays and atomic force microscopy studies revealed that EGCG modulates misfolding and oligomerization of mutant htt exon 1 protein in vitro, indicating that it interferes with very early events in the aggregation process. Also, EGCG significantly reduced polyQ-mediated htt protein aggregation and cytotoxicity in an yeast model of HD. When EGCG was fed to transgenic HD flies overexpressing a pathogenic htt exon 1 protein, photoreceptor degeneration and motor function improved. These results indicate that modulators of htt exon 1 misfolding and oligomerization like EGCG are likely to reduce polyQ-mediated toxicity in vivo. Our studies may provide the basis for the development of a novel pharmacotherapy for HD and related polyQ disorders.
Effective and efficient test architecture design for SOCs (2003)

This paper deals with the design of test architectures for modular SOC testing. These architectures consist of wrappers and TAMs (test access mechanisms). For a given SOC, with specified parameters of modules and their tests, we design architectures which minimize the required ATE vector memory depth and test application time. In this paper, we formulate the problems of test architecture design both for modules with fixed- and flexible-length scan chains. Subsequently, we derive a formulation of an architecture-independent test time lower bound for SOCs and list the lower bound values for the 'ITC'02 SOC test benchmarks'. We present a novel architecture-independent heuristic algorithm that effectively optimizes the test architecture for a given SOC. The algorithm efficiently determines the number of TAMs and their widths, the assignment of modules to TAMs, and the wrapper design per module. We show how this algorithm can be used for optimizing both test bus and testrail architectures with serial and parallel test schedules. Experimental results for the 'ITC'02 SOC test benchmarks' show that, compared to previously published algorithms, we obtain comparable or better test times at negligible compute time.
The online performance estimation framework: heterogeneous ensemble learning for data streams (2017)

Ensembles of classifiers are among the best performing classifiers available in many data mining applications, including the mining of data streams. Rather than training one classifier, multiple classifiers are trained, and their predictions are combined according to a given voting schedule. An important prerequisite for ensembles to be successful is that the individual models are diverse. One way to vastly increase the diversity among the models is to build an heterogeneous ensemble, comprised of fundamentally different model types. However, most ensembles developed specifically for the dynamic data stream setting rely on only one type of base-level classifier, most often Hoeffding Trees. We study the use of heterogeneous ensembles for data streams. We introduce the Online Performance Estimation framework, which dynamically weights the votes of individual classifiers in an ensemble. Using an internal evaluation on recent training data, it measures how well ensemble members performed on this and dynamically updates their weights. Experiments over a wide range of data streams show performance that is competitive with state of the art ensemble techniques, including Online Bagging and Leveraging Bagging, while being significantly faster. All experimental results from this work are easily reproducible and publicly available online.