gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural Rubber: Production, Properties and Applications (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Rubber Yielding Plants History Plantation Rubber Rubber Cultivation Biosynthesis of Rubber Chemistry of Latex Primary Processing Current Global Status of Production and Consumption Properties of NR Blends of Natural Rubber Modified Forms of Natural Rubber Introduction to the Manufacture of Rubber Products Applications of Natural Rubber Natural Rubber, a Green Commodity Conclusions
Fluoride Ion Promoted Synthesis of Thiiranes (1994)

Thioxaphosphoranesulfenyl bromide 1 reacts with various aliphatic alkenes to give the corresponding adducts 3. These species can be reacted with tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate (TBAF·3H2O) at room temperature to give the episulfides 4 in satisfactory yield. The great affinity of fluoride to phosphorus is claimed to be the driving force in the formation of the ß-bromo thiolate ion 6 which gives ring closure.
[3H]Gabapentin may label a system-L-like neutral amino acid carrier in brain (1993)

The ability of large neutral amino acids to interact with a site in mouse and pig brain labelled by [3H]gabapentin was examined. As previously described for rat tissue, [3H]gabapentin bound to synaptic plasma membranes prepared from mouse or pig cerebral cortex with high affinity (Kinetically derived KD = 14 and 17 nM for mouse and pig, respectively). Equilibrium binding in each species was inhibited by gabapentin and a range of large neutral amino acids. L-leucine (IC50 = 80 nM), L-isoleucine (IC50 = 72 nM), L-norleucine (IC50 = 40 nM) and L-methionine (IC50 = 50 nM) were the most potent of those tested. Binding was also inhibited by L-phenylalanine (IC50 = 380 nM), L-valine (IC50 = 310 nM) and the selective system-L substrate 2-amino-2-carboxy-bicycloheptane (IC50 = 420 nM) but not by the sodium-dependent System-A substrate methylaminoisobutyric acid. The presence of a submaximal concentration of leucine reduced [3H]gabapentin binding affinity but did not affect the maximum number of binding sites, suggesting a competitive interaction between leucine and the binding protein. The results suggest [3H]gabapentin may label a site in brain that resembles the large neutral amino acid transporter described in other tissues.
Providing appropriate situation awareness within a mixed-initiative control system (2003)

The future of air combat relies on humans controlling large teams of unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAVs) within a dynamic battle environment. Under the DARPA Mixed Initiative Control of Automata (MICA) program, we have been challenged to design a system that empowers a human operator to control teams of up to thirty UCAVs. To address these challenges we are designing an interaction system that defines and provides adequate situation and automation awareness without overloading human operators to the point where their performance degrades gracelessly. The proposed mixed initiative system is situated within a complex and highly dynamic information space that could easily overload the multi-tasking human operators. Dozens of system parameters could be updated thousands of times during a typical mission so it is neither feasible nor prudent for human operators to maintain complete situation and automation awareness. This interaction system will provide appropriately abstracted situation awareness and notification capability that includes: general mission monitoring and automation awareness; task specific information requirements; and user initiated information requests. Our approach involves defining adequate situation awareness as a function of mission phase, human operator role, and abstracted information required to oversee tasked UCAV.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after renal transplantation (2011)

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a clinicopathologic syndrome of proteinuria, usually of nephrotic range, associated with focal and segmental sclerotic glomerular lesions. Therefore, FSGS is diagnosed by clinical features and histopathological examination of renal biopsy. The natural history of the condition varies, and although it may respond to treatment, FSGS is an important disease in the etiology of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Furthermore, after kidney transplantation, approximately 30% of patients with FSGS develop recurrent FSGS. The risk factors for recurrence of FSGS include childhood onset and age <15 yr, rapid progression of the primary FSGS to ESRD, recurrence of FSGS in a previous allograft, diffuse mesangial hypercellularity in the native kidney, collapsing FSGS, and podocin gene mutation. In addition, after kidney transplantation, de novo FSGS also develops in approximately 10-20% of allografts, associated with a complication of hyperfiltration injury, chronic transplant glomerulopathy, and calcineurin inhibitor toxicity. FSGS is considered a podocyte disease, and the pathology is characterized by segmental FSGS lesion with glomerular epithelial hypercellularity. The pathological diagnosis of FSGS is based on the 2004 Columbia classification system. In the present minireview, we discuss the pathology of recurrence and de novo FSGS after kidney transplantation.
Low temperature laser processing for the application in flexible & stretchable electronics (2015)

Nanomaterials show various interesting unique thermal characteristics such as size dependent melting temperature drop, which can be used to develop plastic compatible low temperature metal patterning process. Focused laser as a local heat source can further reduce the processing temperature or induced localized thermochemical reaction. In this talk, recent research development and trend in nanomaterial based low temperature laser thermal engineering as well as applications will be discussed.
Forming A Corpus Of Voice Queries For Music Information Retrieval. (2002)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Feasibility of MRI guided proton therapy: magnetic field dose effects (2008)

Many methods exist to improve treatment outcome in radiotherapy. Two of these are image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) and proton therapy. IGRT aims at a more precise delivery of the radiation, while proton therapy is able to achieve more conformal dose distributions. In order to maximally exploit the sharp dose gradients from proton therapy it has to be combined with soft-tissue based IGRT. MRI-guided photon therapy (currently under development) offers unequalled soft-tissue contrast and real-time image guidance. A hybrid MRI proton therapy system would combine these advantages with the advantageous dose steering capacity of proton therapy. This paper addresses a first technical feasibility issue of this concept, namely the impact of a 0.5 T magnetic field on the dose distribution from a 90 MeV proton beam. In contrast to photon therapy, for MR-guided proton therapy the impact of the magnetic field on the dose distribution is very small. At tissue-air interfaces no effect of the magnetic field on the dose distribution can be detected. This is due to the low-energy of the secondary electrons released by the heavy protons.
Characterizing and Modeling Patching Practices of Industrial Control Systems (2017)

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are widely deployed in mission critical infrastructures such as manufacturing, energy, and transportation. The mission critical nature of ICS devices poses important security challenges for ICS vendors and asset owners. In particular, the patching of ICS devices is usually deferred to scheduled production outages so as to prevent potential operational disruption of critical systems. Unfortunately, anecdotal evidence suggests that ICS devices are riddled with security vulnerabilities that are not patched in a timely manner, which leaves them vulnerable to exploitation by hackers, nation states, and hacktivist organizations. In this paper, we present the results from our longitudinal measurement and characterization study of ICS patching behavior. Our study is based on IP scan data collected from Shodan over the duration of three years for more than 500 known industrial ICS protocols and products. Our longitudinal measurements reveal the impact of vulnerability disclosures on ICS patching. Our analysis of more than 100 thousand Internet-exposed ICS devices reveals that about 50% upgrade to newer patched versions within 60 days of a vulnerability disclosure. Based on our measurement and analysis, we further propose a variation of the Bass model to forecast the patching behavior of ICS devices. The evaluation shows that our proposed models have comparable prediction accuracy when contrasted against traditional ARIMA timeseries forecasting models, while requiring less parameters and being amenable to direct physical interpretation.
Self‐Promoted Nucleophilic Addition of Hexafluoro‐2‐propanol to Vinyl Ethers (2006)

Abstract In spite of its low nucleophilicity, hexafluoro‐2‐propanol easily adds to vinyl ethers, without catalyst, to afford a range of hexafluoroisopropyloxy acetals. This addition reaction also occurred in the presence of a competitive, more nucleophilic alcohol. Kinetic studies showed the importance of hydrogen bond parameters in the rate and course of the reaction.
Resonant photodiffractive effect in semi-insulating multiple quantum wells (1990)

We use semi-insulating multiple quantum wells to combine the holographic properties of the photorefractive effect with the large resonant optical nonlinearities of quantum-confined excitons. GaAs–AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well structures are made semi-insulating by proton implantation. The implant damage produces defects that are available to trap and store charge during transient holographic recording by means of coherent excitation. The advantages of charge storage and resonant optical nonlinearity combine to produce new optical devices with large sensitivities. The potential use of these devices for image processing is demonstrated by using the Franz–Keldysh effect in four-wave mixing at wavelengths near 830 nm.
The Heart and the Atrial Natriuretic Factor* (1985)

The search for natriuretic hormones or factors by studies of negative pressure breathing, atrial distension experiments, head-out water immersion, expansion of blood volume, Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitors and parabiosis experiments in Dahl rats has led to the finding that the atria are a peptide-secreting endocrine gland. This new natriuretic hormone has now been purified, sequenced and synthetized, and its cDNA and gene have been cloned. The native and synthetic hormones exert identical wide ranging effects (possibly through particulate guanylate cyclase stimulation and adenylate cyclase inhibition) on the kidney, blood vessels, adrenal cortex, and pituitary. Physiopathologic implications of the hormone in experimental hypertension, congestive heart failure, and expansion of blood volume are beginning to emerge.
Laser-desorption mass spectrometry of [Ru6C(CO)17] and its derivatives: cluster aggregation in the gas phase (1996)

The ultraviolet-laser-desorption mass spectra of [Ru6C(CO)17], [Ru6C(CO)14(η6-C6H5Me)] and [Ru6C(CO)12(η6-C6H4Me 2)(µ-C6H7Me)] have been obtained. Positive-ion mass spectra showed abundant singly-charged species: peaks corresponding to the successive loss of carbonyl ligands from an otherwise intact parent cluster and high molecular-weight clusters formed from the aggregation of intact hexaruthenium cores.
Development of a Fluorescent Multiwell Assay for Evaluating the Capacity of the Ciliated Protozoan Tetrahymena for Bacterivory in Water Samples (2006)

Abstract Bacterivory by ciliates in various water ecosystems, both natural and artificial, plays a significant role on the microbial population composition and consequently affects water quality. A convenient, rapid and inexpensive methodology to evaluate the capacity of the ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila for bacterivory was developed utilizing fluorescent protein expressing bacteria (FPEB) in a microtitre plate fluorimeter. Bacterivory was correlated with a loss in fluorescence measured in the fluorimeter and confirmed by fluorescence microscopy showing that the FPEB were engulfed during the assay and subsequently lost their fluorescence, whereas Cytochalasin B, a known inhibitor of phagocytosis, prevented a decrease in relative fluorescence units (RFUs). The ciliate bacterivory (CB) assay has a great dynamic range allowing the assay to be performed with a variety of predator:prey concentrations. A model toxicant, CuCl2, known to have a toxicological impact on protozoa and often present in different types of wastewater, resulted in measurable decreases in bacterivory. As well, starvation of Tetrahymena for 24 h resulted in reduced bacterivory. In the future, the CB assay could be developed for water monitoring purposes to rapidly assess water samples for the capacity to support bacterivory as an indicator of ecosystem health.
First-Person Hand Action Benchmark with RGB-D Videos and 3D Hand Pose Annotations (2018)

In this work we study the use of 3D hand poses to recognize first-person dynamic hand actions interacting with 3D objects. Towards this goal, we collected RGB-D video sequences comprised of more than 100K frames of 45 daily hand action categories, involving 26 different objects in several hand configurations. To obtain hand pose annotations, we used our own mo-cap system that automatically infers the 3D location of each of the 21 joints of a hand model via 6 magnetic sensors and inverse kinematics. Additionally, we recorded the 6D object poses and provide 3D object models for a subset of hand-object interaction sequences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first benchmark that enables the study of first-person hand actions with the use of 3D hand poses. We present an extensive experimental evaluation of RGB-D and pose-based action recognition by 18 baselines/state-of-the-art approaches. The impact of using appearance features, poses, and their combinations are measured, and the different training/testing protocols are evaluated. Finally, we assess how ready the 3D hand pose estimation field is when hands are severely occluded by objects in egocentric views and its influence on action recognition. From the results, we see clear benefits of using hand pose as a cue for action recognition compared to other data modalities. Our dataset and experiments can be of interest to communities of 3D hand pose estimation, 6D object pose, and robotics as well as action recognition.
Molecular fluorescence above metallic gratings (2001)

We present measurements of the fluorescence of emitters located in close proximity $(d<\ensuremath{\lambda})$ to metallic grating surfaces. By measuring both the spontaneous emission lifetime and angle-dependent radiation pattern of a monolayer of dye molecules as a function of their separation from planar and periodically corrugated mirrors of increasing modulation depth, we are able to examine the effect of varying the surface profile on the emission process. Both the distance dependence of the lifetime and the spatial distribution of the emitted light are significantly changed upon the introduction of a corrugation, quite apart from the appearance of the familiar Bragg-scattered bound-mode features. It is postulated that these perturbations arise from the interference of the grating scattered dipole fields with the usual upward propagating and reflected fields. In addition, the measurement of nonexponential decay transients for the deepest gratings examined provide evidence for the existence of optically dissimilar dipole positions above the grating surface.
CD40/CD40L expression correlates with the survival of patients with glioblastomas and an augmentation in CD40 signaling enhances the efficacy of vaccinations against glioma models (2015)

The high expression of CD40/CD40L can be used as a biomarker for better prognoses in patients with gliomas. Immunotherapy using FGK45 significantly prolonged survival and represents a potential therapeutic strategy for gliomas including glioma-initiating cells.
Insulin-like actions of tungstate in diabetic rats. Normalization of hepatic glucose metabolism. (1994)

Oral administration of tungstate for 15 days normalized glycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Simultaneously, the alterations in hepatic glucose metabolism due to diabetes were almost completely counteracted by this treatment. Thus, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase, L-pyruvate kinase, and glycogen phosphorylase alpha activities reached levels similar to those observed in healthy animals. Hepatic levels of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and glycogen also recovered. However, the recovery of glucokinase activity and hepatic levels of glucose 6-phosphate was only partial. The total activity of glycogen synthase increased, although the activation state was not recovered. Moreover, mRNA levels of hepatic glucokinase, glycogen phosphorylase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were also normalized. Tungstate administration in healthy animals also affected all these parameters, although to a much lesser extent. All these effects were similar to those previously reported for vanadate, suggesting a common mechanism of action in vivo.
Optimality of the maximum average correlation height filter for detection of targets in noise (1997)

A statistical analysis is provided for the properties of the re- cently developed maximum average correlation height (MACH) filter (Mahalanobis et al. 1994). It is shown that the MACH filter can be inter- preted as an optimum filter for the detection of targets in additive noise. A rationale is given for using a popular peak-to-sidelobe ratio metric to characterize the output of the MACH filter. Finally, the performance of the MACH filter is compared to that of the matched spatial filter (MSF) in terms of the relation between the probabilities of correct detection and false alarm, which is represented as a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. © 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(97)00910-0)
Control of channel doping concentration for enhancing the sensitivity of ‘top-down’ fabricated Si nanochannel FET biosensors (2009)

The sensitivity of 'top-down' fabricated Si nanochannel field effect transistor (FET) biosensors has been analyzed quantitatively, as a function of the channel width and doping concentration. We have fabricated 130-, 150-, and 220 nm-wide Si FET channels with 40 nm-thick p-type silicon-on-insulator (SOI) layers doped at 8 x 10(17) and 2 x 10(18) cm(-3), and characterized their sensitivity in response to the variation of surface charges as hydrogen ion sensors within buffer solutions of various pH levels. Within the range of channel width and doping concentration investigated, the pH sensitivity of Si channels is enhanced much more effectively by decreasing the doping concentration than by reducing the channel width, which suggests a practical strategy for achieving high sensitivity with less effort than to reduce the channel width. Similar behavior has also been confirmed in the immunodetection of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Combined with excellent reproducibility and uniformity of the channel structure, high controllability of the doping concentration can make the 'top-down' fabrication a very useful approach for the massive fabrication of high-sensitivity sensor platforms in a cost-effective way.
Acceleration of Lymphoid Tissue Regeneration in X-Irradiated CBA/W Mice by Injection of Thymosin (1970)

Allan L. Goldstein, Sipra Banerjee, G. L. Schneebeli, Thomas F. Dougherty, Abraham White, Acceleration of Lymphoid Tissue Regeneration in X-Irradiated CBA/W Mice by Injection of Thymosin, Radiation Research, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Mar., 1970), pp. 579-593
DESIGN AND TESTING OF MAGNETIC BEARING SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS FLOW VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE CFVAD III (1997)

Baloh, M.; Allaire, P.; Maslen, E.; Hilton, B.; Rockwell, R.; Bearnson, G.*; Water, T.*; Khanwilkar, P.*; Olsen, D.* Author Information
Evaluating Variable-Length Markov Chain Models for Analysis of User Web Navigation Sessions (2007)

Markov models have been widely used to represent and analyze user Web navigation data. In previous work, we have proposed a method to dynamically extend the order of a Markov chain model and a complimentary method for assessing the predictive power of such a variable-length Markov chain. Herein, we review these two methods and propose a novel method for measuring the ability of a variable-length Markov model to summarize user Web navigation sessions up to a given length. Although the summarization ability of a model is important to enable the identification of user navigation patterns, the ability to make predictions is important in order to foresee the next link choice of a user after following a given trail so as, for example, to personalize a Web site. We present an extensive experimental evaluation providing strong evidence that prediction accuracy increases linearly with summarization ability
Error diffusion algorithm with homogenous response in highlight and shadow areas (1997)

A modified error diffusion algorithm that results in a homogenous pulse distribution in the highlight and shadow areas of the binarized images is described. The distinction to standard error diffusion algorithms is a dynamic threshold imprint function that depends on the local input values and binary output pixel. The imprint function is generated by diffusing a one-dimensional function in the orthogonal direction, thereby allowing a fast implementation of a two-dimensional threshold imprint.
[Effect on lipidemia in the rat of bis-homoanalogs of adenine nucleosides]. (1980)

The hypolipidemic activity of a series of adenine nucleosides bis-homoanalogues was evaluated in the rat and compared with that of the sodium salt of erythadenine, used as reference standard. Some compounds were more effective in lowering serum cholesterol than erythadenine, but all showed a reduced effect on serum triglyceride content.
Using Blackboards to Optimize Grid Workflows with Respect to Quality Constraints (2006)

Composing grid services to workflows, which solve specific problems is not a trivial task. Various parameters like for example timing constraints, desired quality of solution, availability of (computing) resources, error recovery, payment and security issues, to name only a few, have to be considered. The heterogeneity and the highly dynamic nature of the grid pose additional challenges. Current implementations try to construct workflows based on the user's needs and the capabilities of the respective services before the actual run. In this paper we propose a blackboard method that is able to find (near) optimal workflows and accommodate to changing conditions like for instance delays or faults on the fly