gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of polarization on the de-excitation dark focal spot in STED microscopy (2010)

The size of the dark focal spot directly determines the resolution and stability of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. This paper investigates the relationship between the size of the dark focal spot and the polarization of the input light beam. The types of fundamental polarization are discussed, their effects on the dark focal spot are compared and the optimized mode for each kind of polarization is proposed. The results of the analysis provide the theoretical basis and reference for designing a STED system.
Future Wireless Network: MyNET Platform and End-to-End Network Slicing (2016)

Future wireless networks are facing new challenges. These new challenges require new solutions and strategies of the network deployment, management, and operation. Many driving factors are decisive in the re-definition and re-design of the future wireless network architecture. In the previously published paper "5G Wireless Network - MyNET and SONAC", MyNET and SONAC, a future network architecture, are described. This paper elaborates MyNET platform with more details. The design principles of MyNET architecture, the development of MyNET platform, the functions of MyNET platform, the automation of the creation and the management of end-to-end slices by MyNET, and the new capabilities enabled by MyNET are described in details.
Computational modelling of multiscale morphologies in polymer–liquid crystal blends (2005)

Simulations of material architectures in polymer-liquid crystal blends driven by phase separation-phase ordering-texturing processes are presented. The study shows that mixtures of polymers and liquid crystals result in blend morphologies that organize at several scales. For thermally driven instabilities, morphologies of polymer droplets embedded in a liquid crystal matrix show colloidal crystallinity. Large polymer drops strongly affect the orientation of the matrix, producing textures consisting of defect lattices. This work shows that thermally driven phase separation-phase ordering-texturing processes can result in multiscale materials, with length scales cascading down from droplets to interfaces, and finally to nanoscale defects.
The MTO thyristor-a new high power bipolar MOS thyristor (2002)

A new high power bipolar MOS thyristor, the MTO/sup TM/ thyristor, is a latching device which extends the limited capabilities of the MCT and IGBT to higher power and blocking voltage. The MTO thyristor plan fits well, beginning at a blocking voltage level where the other bipolar MOS devices are believed to have a ceiling of diminishing returns, that is above 3000 V. The MTO thyristor is easily accommodated to the conventional disk-type package for double sided cooling and permits design voltage opportunity to that achieved for thyristors, e.g., 9000 V. Feasibility of concept has been established and development for specific designs is well underway.
Development of a wearable multisensor device enabling continuous monitoring of vital signs and activity (2014)

This paper reports on the development and testing of a wearable device intended as a component in an ambulatory system for health monitoring of physical rehabilitation patients. The device measures heart rate, skin temperature, activity level and posture on the user's chest. The wearable device has been run through a set of verification tests and the accuracy has been validated in controlled environment on 12 healthy volunteers. A long term user pilot with 5 congestive heart failure patients and their nurses was performed to test the whole system. The conclusion from the performed tests is that the developed wearable multisensor monitoring device is reliable, accurate, easy to use and fit for the purpose.
Improving SIMD Utilization with Thread‐Lane Shuﬄed Compaction in GPGPU (2015)

GPGPUs adopt SIMT execution model in which each logical thread in a warp corresponds to a SIMD lane while can still follow an independent control ﬂow. When a branch divergence appears and threads within a warp take diﬀerent execution paths, GPGPUs have to execute each path serially through SIMD lane masking, which potentially decreases the SIMD utilization and performance. We propose an eﬃcient thread compaction mechanism to handle branch divergence with a novel register ﬁle structure. We also develop a new thread scheduling policy cooperating with our compaction mechanism. The simulation results show that our approach improves the SIMD utilization up to 74.4% and achieves a maximum 11.1% performance speedup with small hardware overhead.
A Taxonomy for Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (1999)

A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (manet) is a mobile, multi-hop wireless network which is capable of autonomous operation. It is characterized by energy-constrained nodes, bandwidth-constrained, variable-capacity wireless links and dynamic topology, leading to frequent and unpredictable connectivity changes. In the absence of a fixed infrastructure, manet nodes cooperate to provide routing services, relying on each other to forward packets to their destination. Routing protocols designed for the fixed network are not effective in the dynamic and resource-constrained manet environment; many alternative routing protocols have been suggested. This report provides an overview of a number of manet routing protocols. More importantly, it defines a taxonomy that is suitable for examining a wide variety of protocols in a structured way and exploring tradeoffs associated with various design choices. The emphasis is on practical design and implementation issues rather than complexity analysis.
Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin B Injection for Raynaud’s Phenomenon and Digital Ulcers in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis (2017)

The efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin B (BTX-B) for treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis was assessed. A total of 45 patients with systemic sclerosis who had Raynaud's phenomenon were blinded and divided randomly into 4 groups: a no-treatment control group, and 3 treatment groups, using 250, 1,000 or 2,000 international units (U) of BTX-B injections in the hand with more severe symptoms. Four weeks after injection, pain/numbness visual analogue scale scores and Raynaud's score in the groups treated with 1,000 and 2,000 U BTX-B were significantly lower than in the control group and the group treated with 250 U BTX-B. These beneficial effects were sustained until 16 weeks after the single injection. At 4 weeks after injection skin temperature recovery in the group treated with 2,000 U BTX-B was significantly improved. The numbers of digital ulcers in the groups treated with 1,000 and 2,000 U BTX-B were significantly lower than in the control group. In conclusion, 1,000 and 2,000 U BTX-B injections significantly suppressed the activity of Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ulcers in patients with SSc without serious adverse events.
Recombinant vaccines against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: production by the Caulobacter crescentus S-layer protein secretion system and evaluation in laboratory trials (2001)

We report the development of an IHNV vaccine produced by a new protein production system based on the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. The subunit vaccines that were tested contain a 184 amino acid segment of the IHNV glycoprotein in different fusion arrangements with the C. crescentus S-layer protein. Relative percent survival of 26 to 34% was demonstrated in rainbow trout fry for a vaccine that contained the 184 amino acid segment of the IHNV glycoprotein fused to the C-terminal one-quarter of the S-layer protein. Inclusion of the universal mammalian T-cell epitopes developed from the measles fusion protein or the tetanus toxin protein did not increase the effectiveness of the IHNV-G/S-layer recombinant protein.
The Fluorescent Probe Prodan Characterizes the Warfarin Binding Site on Human Serum Albumin (1999)

The fluorescent probe Prodan (6-propionyl-2-dimethyl-aminonaphthalene) binds with high affinity to human serum albumin (HSA). The spectral characteristics of the Prodan bound to the protein are very different from the free Prodan in solution. These differences allowed the spectra to be deconvoluted into log-normal bands in order to quantify the bound and unbound ligand and to calculate the binding constant at different temperatures. From such temperature dependence, we found the binding to be exothermic with a van't Hoff enthalpy of -22.8 kJ mol-1. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that the interaction may be mainly caused by hydrophobic forces and electrostatic interactions. The above analysis of the spectra and the measures of the fluorescence polarization during the successive presence of six specific drugs suggest that the Prodan binding site corresponds with the warfarin binding site on HSA, whereas under the present experimental conditions the other characteristic binding sites of HSA were not affected. Thus, this fluorescent probe provides a rapid and simple means for the characterization of a specific binding site on HSA and also for detecting potential or nonspecific drug-protein interactions.
Contribution of gate induced drain leakage to overall leakage and yield loss in digital submicron VLSI circuits (2003)

In this paper, the impact of gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) on overall leakage of submicron VLSI circuits is studied. GIDL constitutes a serious constraint, with regards to off-state current, in scaled down CMOS devices for DRAM and/or EEPROM applications. Our research shows that the GIDL current is also a serious problem in scaled CMOS digital VLSI circuits. We present the experimental and simulation data of GIDL current as a function of 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology parameters and layout of CMOS standard cells. The obtained results show that a poorly designed standard cell library for VLSI application may result in extremely high leakage current and poor yield.
An analysis of thoracic and abdominal tumour motion for stereotactic body radiotherapy patients (2008)

An analysis of thoracic and abdominal tumour motion for stereotactic body radiotherapy patients was performed using more than 70 h of tumour motion estimated from the correlation between the external and internal motion for 143 treatment fractions in 42 patients. The tumour sites included lungs (30 patients) and retroperitoneum (12 patients). The overall mean respiratory-induced peak-to-trough distance was 0.48 cm, with individual treatment fraction means ranging from 0.02 to 1.44 cm. The overall mean respiratory period was 3.8 s, with individual treatment fraction means ranging from 2.2 to 6.4 s. In 57 treatment fractions (40%), the mean respiratory-induced peak-to-trough distance was greater than 0.5 cm. In general, tumour motion was predominantly superior-inferior (60% of all the treatment fractions), while anterior-posterior and left-right motion were 22% and 18%, respectively. The motion was predominantly linear, and the overall mean of the first principal component was 94%. However, for motion magnitude, direction and linearity, large variations were observed from patient to patient, fraction to fraction and cycle to cycle.
Optical haze of transparent and conductive silver nanowire films (2013)

Contemporary nanostructured transparent electrodes for use in solar cells require high transmittance and high conductivity, dictating nanostructures with high aspect ratios. Optical haze is an equally important yet unstudied parameter in transparent electrodes for solar cells that is also determined by the geometry of the nanostructures that compose the electrode. In this work, the effect of the silver nanowire diameter on the optical haze values in the visible spectrum was investigated using films composed of wires with either small diameters (∼60 nm) or large diameters (∼150 nm). Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations and experimental transmittance data confirm that smaller diameter nanowires form higher performing transparent conducting electrode (TCE) films according to the current figure of merit. While maintaining near constant transmittance and conductivity for each film, however, it was observed experimentally that films composed of silver nanowires with larger diameters have a higher haze factor than films with smaller diameters. This confirms the FDTD simulations of the haze factor for single nanowires with similarly large and small diameters. This is the first record of haze properties for Ag NWs that have been simulated or experimentally measured, and also the first evidence that the current figure of merit for TCEs is insufficient to evaluate their performance in solar cell devices.
Inefficiency of 0.3% Carbol Fuchsin in Ziehl-Neelsen Staining for Detecting Acid-Fast Bacilli (2002)

We compared the sensitivity and specificity of a modified Ziehl-Neelsen (modified-ZN) staining method for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) with that of the standard Ziehl-Neelsen (standard-ZN) staining method, using culture results with Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the "gold standard." The sensitivity (72%; 101 of 140) of the modified-ZN staining method, which uses 0.3% carbol fuchsin, was significantly lower than that of the standard-ZN staining method (84%; 117 of 140); the modified-ZN method missed 21% of cases detected by the standard-ZN method and 11% more of culture-positive samples than the standard-ZN method. The World Health Organization recommendation of 0.3% carbol fuchsin in the ZN method for staining AFB needs to be reconsidered.
Ultrasound-Assisted Vacuum Drying of Wood: Effects on Drying Time and Product Quality (2013)

Ultrasonic energy was applied to assist the wood vacuum drying process. At a drying temperature of 60°C, the absolute pressure was either 0.05 MPa or 0.08 MPa; the ultrasonic power and frequency were 100 W and 28 kHz, respectively. The results showed that the effective water diffusivity of the specimens dried by the ultrasonic assisted vacuum drying at 0.05 MPa or 0.08 MPa were higher than that of the samples dried without ultrasound. The ultrasound-vacuum drying rate was much faster than that of drying without ultrasound, especially for wood with a moisture content above the fiber saturation point. Drying at the absolute pressure of 0.05 MPa was faster than that of 0.08 MPa. Ultrasound-assisted drying was especially more beneficial when removing free water. The ultrasound-vacuum drying method could be applied in the wood drying industry as a means of saving energy and minimizing product quality damage.
No one (cluster) size fits all (2011)

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud platforms have brought two unprecedented changes to cluster provisioning practices. First, any (nonexpert) user can provision a cluster of any size on the cloud within minutes to run her data-processing jobs. The user can terminate the cluster once her jobs complete, and she needs to pay only for the resources used and duration of use. Second, cloud platforms enable users to bypass the traditional middleman---the system administrator---in the cluster-provisioning process. These changes give tremendous power to the user, but place a major burden on her shoulders. The user is now faced regularly with complex cluster sizing problems that involve finding the cluster size, the type of resources to use in the cluster from the large number of choices offered by current IaaS cloud platforms, and the job configurations that best meet the performance needs of her workload.
Conjugated porphyrin arrays: synthesis, properties and applications for functional materials (2014)

Conjugated porphyrin arrays that possess delocalised electronic networks have, for the most part, been assembled by using alkene or alkyne type bridging units or by directly connecting individual porphyrin chromophores with multiple bonds to form fused porphyrin arrays. Throughout the last two decades, such conjugated porphyrin arrays have been actively explored due to their attractive electronic, optical and electrochemical properties. This review aims to cover the multitude of synthetic methodologies that have been developed for the construction of conjugated porphyrin arrays as well as to summarise their structure-property relationships and use in various applications such as near infrared (NIR) dyes, nonlinear optical materials and electron-conducting molecular wires.
Alterations in fecal short-chain fatty acids in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (2019)

In terms of fecal SCFAs, there were differences between patients with IBS and HCs. In IBS-C patients, propionate and butyrate were reduced, whereas butyrate was increased in IBS-D patients in comparison to HCs. Propionate and butyrate could be used as biomarkers for IBS diagnosis.
A deterministic ray tube method for microcellular wave propagation prediction model (1999)

In this paper, we present a new and very fast ray-tracing method using a ray tube tree, which is based on uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) and can solve some of the problems that other ray-tracing methods have. It is developed for quasi three-dimensional (3-D) environments and can be applied to any complex propagation environment composed of arbitrary-shaped buildings and streets. It finds all propagation paths from a transmitter to a receiver extensively with very high computation efficiency. It is fundamentally a point-to-point tracing method, so reception tests are not required and it guarantees high accuracy. To validate our ray-tracing method, signal path loss and root mean square (rms) delay spread were computed in the downtown core of Ottawa, Canada, and they were also compared with the published measurements. The results of the proposed method in this paper show good agreement with the measurements. The computation time required to obtain a path loss map in the site is revealed to be very short in comparison with other methods.
Exprimental Result on the Hesting of Athabasca Tar Sand Samples with Microwave Power (1977)

Tar sand samples were heated with microwave power, and the extraction of bitumen was studied. The experimental reactor produced a crude oil which is referred to as the microwave crude oil (MCO), Several gaseous byproducts were also produced with the MCO. The average molecular weight of the MCO was found to be lower than that of the original bitumen. The MCO is very similar to synthetic crude oil (SCO) and natural crude oil (NCO). The liberated gases were identified to be hydrogen (Hi) acetylene (CiHi), methane (CHA), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The total amount of these gaseous byproducts is relatively small.The reactor can be operated to extract up to 86% of the total bitumen present in the tar sand samples. The waste product of the microwave reactor consists of a small amount of carbon and the rest is virtually pure sand. No environmental problems are foreseen in the disposal of large quantities of this waste material.
Virtual Screening Identification of Nonfolate Compounds, Including a CNS Drug, as Antiparasitic Agents Inhibiting Pteridine Reductase (2010)

Folate analogue inhibitors of Leishmania major pteridine reductase (PTR1) are potential antiparasitic drug candidates for combined therapy with dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors. To identify new molecules with specificity for PTR1, we carried out a virtual screening of the Available Chemicals Directory (ACD) database to select compounds that could interact with L. major PTR1 but not with human DHFR. Through two rounds of drug discovery, we successfully identified eighteen drug-like molecules with low micromolar affinities and high in vitro specificity profiles. Their efficacy against Leishmania species was studied in cultured cells of the promastigote stage, using the compounds both alone and in combination with 1 (pyrimethamine; 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine). Six compounds showed efficacy only in combination. In toxicity tests against human fibroblasts, several compounds showed low toxicity. One compound, 5c (riluzole; 6-(trifluoromethoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylamine), a known drug approved for CNS pathologies, was active in combination and is suitable for early preclinical evaluation of its potential for label extension as a PTR1 inhibitor and antiparasitic drug candidate.
Trophic Actions of Human Somatomedin C/Insulin-Like Growth Factor I on Ovarian Cells:<i>In Vitro</i>Studies with Swine Granulosa Cells* (1985)

We have investigated the responsiveness of swine granulosa cells to somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) under serum-free conditions in vitro. Somatomedin C/IGF I (greater than 80% pure) exerted dose-dependent stimulatory effects on the production of progesterone and its reduced metabolite, 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one. A 50-fold stimulation of progesterone production could be observed after 48-96 h of hormone treatment. These effects were not mimicked by platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, desoctapeptide insulin, or porcine relaxin. The stimulatory action of somatomedin C/IGF I was not attributable to changes in cell protein or DNA content or cell number and reflected enhanced steroidogenesis per se rather than simply release of stored progesterone. In addition, augmented progesterone production was accompanied by increased biosynthesis of its precursor, pregnenolone, measured in the presence of trilostane to block 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Moreover, somatomedin C/IGF I enhanced progesterone biosynthesis in response to a maximally effective concentration of the soluble sterol substrate for side-chain cleavage, 25-hydroxycholesterol, suggesting that somatomedin C increases the effective activity of the mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage system. The stimulatory effects of somatomedin C/IGF I were inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D, indicating that protein and RNA synthesis are required for the full expression of somatomedin C's differentiative effects. The physiological importance of such trophic actions was suggested by the capacity of nanomolar concentrations of somatomedin C/IGF I to augment progesterone production further in the presence of maximally stimulating concentrations of 8-bromo-cAMP or estradiol. In addition, equilibrium competition curves and saturation analysis of [125I]somatomedin C/IGF I binding revealed high affinity [dissociation constant (Kd) approximately 0.69 nM], low capacity (0.57 pmol somatomedin C bound/mg DNA) receptor sites on swine granulosa cells. [125I]Somatomedin C/IGF I binding was highly specific in that multiplication stimulating activity, porcine insulin, desoctapeptide insulin, and insulin-receptor antisera competed only sparingly for these binding sites. In summary, human somatomedin C/IGF I exerts potent and specific differentiative effects on swine granulosa cells cultured under serum-free conditions in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Unbounded <i>C</i><sup>*</sup>‐seminorms, biweights, and  <sup>*</sup>‐representations of partial  <sup>*</sup>‐algebras: A review (2006)

The notion of (unbounded) C * ‐seminorms plays a relevant role in the representation theory of * ‐algebras and partial * ‐algebras. A rather complete analysis of the case of * ‐algebras has given rise to a series of interesting concepts like that of semifinite C * ‐seminorm and spectral C * ‐seminorm that give information on the properties of * ‐representations of the given * ‐algebra and also on the structure of the * ‐algebra itself, in particular when is endowed with a locally convex topology. Some of these results extend to partial * ‐algebras too. The state of the art on this topic is reviewed in this paper, where the possibility of constructing unbounded C * ‐seminorms from certain families of positive sesquilinear forms, called biweights, on a (partial) * ‐algebra is also discussed.