gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Communication-Efficient Distributed Optimization using an Approximate Newton-type Method (2014)

We present a novel Newton-type method for dis-tributed optimization, which is particularly well suited for stochastic optimization and learning problems. For quadratic objectives, the method enjoys a linear rate of convergence which prov-ably improves with the data size, requiring an essentially constant number of iterations under reasonable assumptions. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence of the advantages of our method compared to other approaches, such as one-shot parameter averaging and ADMM. 1.
VR-Based Simulators for Training in Minimally Invasive Surgery (2007)

Simulation-based training using VR techniques is a promising alternative to traditional training in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Simulators let the trainee touch, feel, and manipulate virtual tissues and organs through the same surgical tool handles used in actual MIS while viewing images of tool-tissue interactions on a monitor as in real laparoscopic procedures.
Built-In Self-Repair Schemes for Flash Memories (2010)

The advancement of deep submicrometer Integrated circuit manufacturing technology has pushed the use of embedded memory, and the strong demand of embedded nonvolatile memory for system-on-chip and system in package applications has made flash memory increasingly important as well. Nevertheless, the yield loss of memory products caused by deep submicrometer defects and manufacturing uncertainties is still a critical issue. In order to solve the yield issue, built-in self-repair (BISR) has been considered as the most cost-effective solution. However, implementing BISR on flash memories is not trivial. In this paper, we propose BISR schemes for nor flash memory and NAND flash memory, respectively. The BISR schemes perform built-in self-test, built-in redundancy analysis, and on-chip repair. For the BISR scheme of nor flash memory, a typical redundancy architecture is assumed, based on which we analyze three existing algorithms and propose a redundancy analysis (RA) algorithm. On the other hand, for NAND flash memory, an RA algorithm based on an efficient 2-D redundancy architecture is proposed, and considering the widely used page-mode operation in NAND flash memory, a method to discover currently accessed address is also proposed. A simulation tool is also developed, supporting nor flash memory and NAND flash memory. The simulation results show that our approach can effectively repair defective memories.
Modern hierarchical, agglomerative clustering algorithms (2011)

This paper presents algorithms for hierarchical, agglomerative clustering which perform most efficiently in the general-purpose setup that is given in modern standard software. Requirements are: (1) the input data is given by pairwise dissimilarities between data points, but extensions to vector data are also discussed (2) the output is a "stepwise dendrogram", a data structure which is shared by all implementations in current standard software. We present algorithms (old and new) which perform clustering in this setting efficiently, both in an asymptotic worst-case analysis and from a practical point of view. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) We present a new algorithm which is suitable for any distance update scheme and performs significantly better than the existing algorithms. (2) We prove the correctness of two algorithms by Rohlf and Murtagh, which is necessary in each case for different reasons. (3) We give well-founded recommendations for the best current algorithms for the various agglomerative clustering schemes.
<title>E-Beam DKDP Light Valves</title> (1978)

The principle of operation, structure, performance specifications, and numerous examples of the use of the electron-beam addressed potassium dideuterium phosphate (DKDP) light valve in optical processing are reviewed.
The Mouse Homologue of the Leukocyte-Associated Ig-Like Receptor-1 Is an Inhibitory Receptor That Recruits Src Homology Region 2-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (SHP)-2, but Not SHP-1 (2004)

We report the molecular cloning and characterization of the first leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor 1 (LAIR-1) homologue in mice that we have named mouse LAIR-1 (mLAIR-1). The mLAIR-1 gene maps to the proximal end of mouse chromosome 7 in a region syntenic with human chromosome 19q13.4 where the leukocyte receptor cluster is located. The protein shares 40% sequence identity with human LAIR-1, has a single Ig-like domain, and contains two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-like structures in its cytoplasmic tail. Mouse LAIR-1 is broadly expressed on various immune cells, and cross-linking of the molecule on stably transfected RBL-2H3 and YT.2C2 cells results in strong inhibition of their degranulation and cytotoxic activities, respectively. Upon pervanadate stimulation, the mLAIR-1 cytoplasmic tail becomes phosphorylated, thereby recruiting Src homology region 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase-2. Interestingly, unlike human LAIR-1, Src homology region 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 is not recruited to the mLAIR-1 cytoplasmic tail. Screening human and mouse cell lines for mLAIR-1 and human LAIR-1 binding partners identified several lines expressing putative ligand(s) for both receptors.
Neural network classification of wheat using single kernel near-infrared transmittance spectra (1995)

To investigate an accurate, rapid, and nondestructive method for wheat classification in inspection terminals, backpropagation neural network models were developed, based on single wheat kernel near-infrared transmittance spectra. Six classes of wheat were studied. Neural network models were optimized for two-class and six-class classification. The wavelength range of the spectra was 850 to 1049 nm. For two-class models with 200 input nodes, the average classification accuracy was 97% to 100%. For the six-class model with 200 input nodes, the average accuracy was 94.7%. The classification between hard red winter (HRW) and hard red spring (HRS) was least accurate among the six classes. For rapid classification, a narrower wavelength range, 899 to 1049 nm, with an interval of 2 nm, was proposed and shown to have little loss in accuracy. The most time-consuming two-class (HRW-HRS) model could be calibrated and validated in less than 7 mm. Prediction for new data was nearly instantaneous. A backpropagation neural network model with a learning coefficient of 0.6 to 0.65 and momentum of 0.4 to 0.45, without a hidden layer, was effective for wheat classification.
Spatial augmented reality on industrial CNC-machines (2008)

In this work we present how Augmented Reality (AR) can be used to create an intimate integration of process data with the workspace of an industrial CNC (computer numerical control) machine. AR allows us to combine interactive computer graphics with real objects in a physical environment - in this case, the workspace of an industrial lathe. ASTOR is an autostereoscopic optical see-through spatial AR system, which provides real-time 3D visual feedback without the need for user-worn equipment, such as head-mounted displays or sensors for tracking. The use of a transparent holographic optical element, overlaid onto the safety glass, allows the system to simultaneously provide bright imagery and clear visibility of the tool and workpiece. The system makes it possible to enhance visibility of occluded tools as well as to visualize real-time data from the process in the 3D space. The graphics are geometrically registered with the workspace and provide an intuitive representation of the process, amplifying the user's understanding and simplifying machine operation.
Decision combination in speech metadata extraction (2004)

Speech metadata extraction can both improve speech recognition and enable novel interactive voice response applications. Unlike the previous research, which concentrates on the frame-level signal processing and pattern classification, this paper systematically studies the behavior of decision combination at the utterance level. We analyze the asymptotic characteristics, and the factors affecting frame-level classification. In addition, we introduce new methods to more accurately and efficiently combine frame-level decisions, including phoneme/power-based weighting and smart sampling. Experimental results in gender classification are presented.
Fettsäure‐Geradeausdestillation unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Umweltschutzes und der Wirtschaftlichkeit I (1974)

Abstract Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt, wie einerseits durch zweckentsprechende Schaltung sowie Konstruktion der Einzelelemente unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des thermischen und oxydativen Verhaltens der Fettsäuren sich geringe Betriebskosten ermöglichen lassen und andererseits gleichzeitig ohne wesentliche Mehraufwendungen die heutigen Belange des Umweltschutzes Berücksichtigung finden können. Dabei zeigt sich durchweg, daß vernünftig formulierte Umweltforderungen nicht „anlagenfeindlich”︁ sein müssen. Dies wird eingehend an Hand des ACV‐Verfahrens zur Geradeausdestillation erläutert, mit dem sich die heutigen bzw. in Kürze zu erwartenden gesetzlichen Forderungen praktisch ohne Mehraufwendungen erfüllen lassen.
Integrated Linewidth Reduction of Rapidly Tunable Semiconductor Lasers (2013)

Widely tunable lasers with fast tuning speeds have applications in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), optical sensing and optical packet switching. In DWDM, tunable lasers can greatly reduce inventory costs, increase manufacturing efficiency, and increase flexibility. For this application, tunable lasers must meet stringent requirements in terms of linewidth, SMSR, RIN, etc. As coherent detection moves to higher modulation formats to increase spectral efficiency, linewidths on the order of 100 kHz will be required. In FMCW LIDAR, the sensing range is directly coupled to the coherence length, i.e. linewidth, of the laser, and the resolution is determined by the tuning range of the laser. A laser with a 40 nm tuning range and 100 kHz linewidth can lead to a LIDAR system with 30 µm of resolution at a 1.5 km range. The above motivations demonstrate the need for a laser that is widely tunable, with tuning speeds in the nanosecond regime, a 100 kHz linewidth and small form factor. Many different approaches have been taken to achieve a low linewidth laser, generally with the trade-off of slower tuning speeds or larger size. Typically, the widely tunable mirrors used to create a highly agile laser are noisy. In our approach we use negative feedback along with an InGaAsP/InP photonic integrated circuit (PIC) to reduce the linewidth of a widely tunable SG-DBR laser. The SG-DBR laser has a 40 nm tuning range, ns tuning speeds and is 1.5 mm long. Typically the linewidth is in the MHz range due to carrier induced frequency fluctuations. We use an asymmetric Mach Zehnder integrated on the same PIC to monitor and convert the laser frequency fluctuations to amplitude fluctuations. This error signal is fed back through a stabilizing loop filter to the phase tuning section of the SG-DBR laser to reduce the laser linewidth. Through integration of all the optical components, the loop delay is minimized and loop bandwidths upwards of 600 MHz have been achieved. Using this technique, we demonstrate an SG-DBR laser with the linewidth suppressed from 19 MHz to 150 kHz, which is the lowest linewidth yet for an SG-DBR laser.
New Construction of Identity-based Proxy Re-encryption. (2010)

A proxy re-encryption (PRE) scheme involves three parties: Alice, Bob, and a proxy. PRE allows the proxy to translate a ciphertext encrypted under Alice’s public key into one that can be decrypted by Bob’s secret key. We present a general method to construct an identity-based proxy re-encryption scheme from an existing identity-based encryption scheme. The transformed scheme satisfies the properties of PRE, such as unidirectionality, non-interactivity and multi-use. Moreover, the proposed scheme has master key security, allows the encryptor to decide whether the ciphertext can be re-encrypted.
Slow-Release 5-Fluorouracil and Triamcinolone Reduces Subglottic Stenosis in a Rabbit Model (2000)

A previous pilot study suggested that a sustained-release conjugate that provided a slow release of 5-fluorouracil and triamcinolone acetonide injected into the tracheal and paratracheal tissues of rabbits at the time of subglottic surgery reduced the formation of subglottic stenosis. Our study was undertaken to confirm the effect. Ten milligrams of the compound suspended in hyaluronic acid was injected at the time of injury via a laryngofissure approach. The results showed that the control group had a mean stenosis of 52%, whereas the treated group had a mean stenosis of 32%. There was a significant difference between the treated and untreated groups (p = .003). It is hoped that this co-drug ultimately can be used in humans to reduce stenosis formation after laryngotracheal surgery and in other forms of otorhinolaryngological surgery.
The Methods of Specifying the Properties of Viscoelastic Materials (1945)

Seven methods (Voigt model, Maxwell model, operator equation, mechanical impedance function, creep curve, relaxation curve, and dynamic modulus function) of specifying viscoelastic behavior are discussed. A number of exact relations between these methods of specification are worked out in detail. The majority of these relations are simple enough to be of practical value although a few are too cumbersome. Approximate relationships between the creep curve, the relaxation curve, Maxwell model, and Voigt model are discussed; and numerical examples show the magnitude of errors introduced by the approximation to be small even in quite unfavorable cases. A consideration of the practical utility and physical meaning of the various methods of specification distinguishes between (1) those of general descriptive value and those of direct experimental value; (2) those useful in a phenomenological study of mechanical behavior and those more suited to a formulation of molecular theory. A summary of the present molecular theories is presented together with their interpretation in terms of the Voigt and Maxwell specifications.
A novel tumour promoter, thapsigargin, transiently increases cytoplasmic free Ca2+ without generation of inositol phosphates in NG115-401L neuronal cells (1988)

Thapsigargin, a sesquiterpene lactone with potent irritant and tumour-promoting activities, stimulates a rapid (within 15 s) transient increase in intracellular [Ca2+] in the NG115-401L neural cell line, as measured by the fluorescent indicator dye fura-2. This increase in cytoplasmic free [Ca2+] is concentration-dependent (ED50 around 20 nM) and occurs in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Activation of NG115-401L cells by the inflammatory peptide bradykinin generates inositol phosphates, which parallel increases in intracellular [Ca2+]. However, the rise in cytoplasmic [Ca2+] stimulated by thapsigargin occurs in the absence of detectable production of inositol phosphates. Thapsigargin is unlike phorboid tumour promoters in that it has no action on two non-invasive indicators of phorbol stimulation of these cells, i.e. [3H]choline metabolite production and rise in intracellular pH. These data suggest that thapsigargin releases Ca2+ from an intracellular store by a novel mechanism, independent of the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides and concomitant activation of protein kinase C. Thus thapsigargin may provide a valuable tool for the analysis of intracellular signalling mechanisms.
Evaluation of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes of circular geometry (2009)

Blue GaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the shape of cuboids and circular disks have been fabricated by laser micromachining. The proposed circular geometry serves to enhance overall light extraction on a macro-scale and to improve uniformity of the emission pattern due to the rotational symmetry of the chip. Analysis of the chip shaping effect is carried out by ray-tracing simulations and further supported with mathematical modeling using ideal LED models, and subsequently verified with fabricated devices. In comparison, a 10% improvement in overall emission was observed for circular LEDs over the regular cuboids, consistent with simulations and calculations. The measured emission pattern from the circular LED confirms the axial symmetry of the emission beam.
Accuracy of LED and Halogen Radiometers Using Different Light Sources (2006)

The evaluated LED or halogen handheld radiometers may be used interchangeably to determine the irradiance of both LED and QTH visible-light-curing units. Measured differences between the two radiometer types were small and probably not clinically significant. However, the diameter of light guides may affect the accuracy of the radiometers, with larger-diameter light guides overestimating and smaller-diameter guides underestimating the irradiance value measured by the control instrument.
HyperMem: a system to store and replay experiences in mixed reality worlds (2005)

This paper describes HyperMem, a system to store and replay user experiences in mixed reality worlds. The experience is stored as a set of hypermedia nodes and links, with the information that was displayed along with the video of the real world that was navigated. It uses a generic hypermedia model implemented as software components developed to handle mixed reality environments. This approach is applied to an augmented museum, that includes information and gaming activities in the physical and virtual 3D worlds. The paper presents the goals of the system, the underlying hypermedia model, the type of worlds that we are considering, and the architecture and tools for replaying and repurposing stored information.
RefinedMPL: Refined Monocular PseudoLiDAR for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Driving (2019)

In this paper, we strive for solving the ambiguities arisen by the astoundingly high density of raw PseudoLiDAR for monocular 3D object detection for autonomous driving. Without much computational overhead, we propose a supervised and an unsupervised sparsification scheme of PseudoLiDAR prior to 3D detection. Both the strategies assist the standard 3D detector gain better performance over the raw PseudoLiDAR baseline using only ~5% of its points on the KITTI object detection benchmark, thus making our monocular framework and LiDAR-based counterparts computationally equivalent (Figure 1). Moreover, our architecture agnostic refinements provide state-of-the-art results on KITTI3D test set for "Car" and "Pedestrian" categories with 54% relative improvement for "Pedestrian". Finally, exploratory analysis is performed on the discrepancy between monocular and LiDAR-based 3D detection frameworks to guide future endeavours.
Grammar learning for spoken language understanding (2005)

Many state-of-the-art conversational systems use semantic-based robust understanding and manually derived grammars, a very time-consuming and error-prone process. This paper describes a machine-aided grammar authoring system that enables a programmer to develop rapidly a high quality grammar for conversational systems. This is achieved with a combination of domain-specific semantics, a library grammar, syntactic constraints and a small number of example sentences that have been semantically annotated. Our experiments show that the learned semantic grammars consistently outperform manually authored grammars, requiring much less authoring load.
New Design Method for a Dual band Waveguide Iris Polarizer (2007)

In this paper, we present new design method for a square iris polarizer to be used in dual-band (Ka-band; 20.8 ~ 21.2 GHz, 30.6 ~31 GHz) antenna feeds. To act principles for a square iris polarizer, design concept, design method are proposed and Ka-band polarizer is designed using the commercial software HFSS <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> The designed polarizer has less than 30 dB return loss and less than 0.3 dB axial ratio in all operation band.
Testing of a 2-micrometer CO2 Double-Pulse IPDA Lidar Instrument for Airborne Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Measurement (2015)

Utilizing a tunable two-micron double-pulse laser transmitter, an airborne IPDA lidar system has been developed at NASA Langley Research Center for atmospheric carbon dioxide column measurements.
A method for partial-memory incremental learning and its application to computer intrusion detection (2002)

This paper describes a partial-memory incremental learning method based on the AQ15c inductive learning system. The method maintains a representative set of past training examples that are used together with new examples to appropriately modify the currently held hypotheses. Incremental learning is evoked by feedback from the environment or from the user. Such a method is useful in applications involving intelligent agents acting in a changing environment, active vision, and dynamic knowledge-bases. For this study, the method is applied to the problem of computer intrusion detection in which symbolic profiles are learned for a computer system's users. In the experiments, the proposed method yielded significant gains in terms of learning time and memory requirements at the expense of slightly lower predictive accuracy and higher concept complexity, when compared to batch learning, in which all examples are given at once.
Supervised Contrastive Learning (2020)

Contrastive learning applied to self-supervised representation learning has seen a resurgence in recent years, leading to state of the art performance in the unsupervised training of deep image models. Modern batch contrastive approaches subsume or significantly outperform traditional contrastive losses such as triplet, max-margin and the N-pairs loss. In this work, we extend the self-supervised batch contrastive approach to the fully-supervised setting, allowing us to effectively leverage label information. Clusters of points belonging to the same class are pulled together in embedding space, while simultaneously pushing apart clusters of samples from different classes. We analyze two possible versions of the supervised contrastive (SupCon) loss, identifying the best-performing formulation of the loss. On ResNet-200, we achieve top-1 accuracy of 81.4% on the ImageNet dataset, which is 0.8% above the best number reported for this architecture. We show consistent outperformance over cross-entropy on other datasets and two ResNet variants. The loss shows benefits for robustness to natural corruptions and is more stable to hyperparameter settings such as optimizers and data augmentations. Our loss function is simple to implement, and reference TensorFlow code is released at https://t.ly/supcon.
A Study on Parasitic Eggs in Soil in Rural Area (1984)

Going to the studies on parasite control carried out in the past. Infection rate among the rural population is contineously decreasing, however, it is still high in Korea. The most important reason for this high infectious rate is the use of manure as fertilizer. This study was aimed at finding the relationship between the infection rate and manure through analizing 83 samples of soil collected from Sa Am-Ri, Kangwon-do in June and July, 1983. The major findings of the study are as follows: 1. 60 cases out of the total sample were carry in at least one or more parasitic eggs, thus revealing 72.3% of positive rate. 2. A total number of 131 parasitic eggs were detected from total sample with an average of 1.6 eggs per 10 g of soil. 3. Asearid eggs more frequently appeared than other parasitic eggs occupying 68.7% or 1.2 eggs in average per 10g of soil. 4. There was revealed positive relationship between infectious rate and frequency of use of manure. (P > 0.05). 5. Infectious rate and average number of parasitic eggs detected were less in the fertilizer mixed with manure and ash than in the soil where only manure was used. (P > 0.05).