gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wave transfer matrix for a spiral phase plate (2015)

The wave transfer matrix (WTM) is applied to calculating various characteristics of a spiral phase plate (SPP) for the first time to our knowledge. This approach provides a more convenient and systematic approach to calculating properties of a multilayered SPP device. In particular, it predicts the optical wave characteristics on the input and output plane of the device when the SPP is fabricated on a substrate of the same refractive index as the SPP as well as on a substrate of a different refractive index compared to the SPP. The dependence of the parameters on the input laser frequency is studied in detail for a low finesse SPP etalon device for both cases. The equations derived from the WTM are used to show that a variation in input laser frequency causes the optical intensity pattern on the output plane to rotate, while preserving the topology of the optical vortex, i.e., the variation in laser frequency has a minimal effect on the parameters describing the azimuthal intensity modulation and orbital angular momentum content of the beam. In addition, the equations predict the presence of longitudinal modes in the SPP device.
Design and validation of a system for targeted observations of tornadic supercells using unmanned aircraft (2010)

This paper presents an aerial robot system designed to perform in situ sampling of supercell thunderstorms, including those that produce tornadoes. A description of the system architecture and concept of operations is given, along with a brief discussion of the evolution of critical system components. Results are given from two field campaigns, an airmass boundary intercept in Northern Colorado during the spring of 2009, and two supercell transects during the Spring 2010 campaign of the VORTEX2 project. The 2010 results represent the first aloft sampling of the rear-flank downdraft in a tornadic supercelluar storm.
1,3,5-Triaryl-2-pyrazolines for Use as Scintillation Solutes (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,3,5-Triaryl-2-pyrazolines for Use as Scintillation SolutesRICHARD H. WILEY, C. H. JARBOE, F. N. HAYES, E. HANSBURY, J. T. NIELSEN, P. X. CALLAHAN, and M. C. SELLARSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 5, 732–738Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01099a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01099a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views504Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of probe geometry on the Hall response in an inhomogeneous magnetic field: A numerical study (1998)

The effect of probe geometry on the classical Hall response to a weak perpendicular inhomogeneous magnetic field is studied numerically. An electric potential equation based on a classical model of the two-dimensional Hall effect is solved numerically for a generalized flux distribution to find the Hall response function. We find that the magnitude and shape of this response function is strongly affected by probe geometry. Asymmetric cross-shaped Hall probes, with one narrow voltage lead, have a strongly peaked response more localized than in symmetric probe arrangements. This suggests novel lithographic patterns that may improve the spatial resolution of Hall magnetometry and scanning Hall probe microscopy.
Deep Learning Based Landmark Matching For Aerial Geolocalization (2020)

Visual odometry has gained increasing attention due to the proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles, self-driving cars, and other autonomous robotics systems. Landmark detection and matching are critical for visual localization. While current methods rely upon point-based image features or descriptor mappings we consider landmarks at the object level. In this paper, we propose LMNet a deep learning based landmark matching pipeline for city-scale, aerial images of urban scenes. LMNet consists of a Siamese network, extended with a multi-patch based matching scheme, to handle offcenter landmarks, varying landmark scales, and occlusions of surrounding structures. While there exist a number of landmark recognition benchmark datasets for ground-based and nadir aerial or satellite imagery, there is a lack of datasets and results for oblique aerial imagery. We use a unique unsupervised multi-view landmark image generation pipeline for training and testing the proposed matching pipeline using over 0.5 million real landmark patches. Results for aerial landmark matching across four cities show promising results.
Vascular Permeability and Drug Delivery in Cancers (2013)

The endothelial barrier strictly maintains vascular and tissue homeostasis, and therefore modulates many physiological processes such as angiogenesis, immune responses, and dynamic exchanges throughout organs. Consequently, alteration of this finely tuned function may have devastating consequences for the organism. This is particularly obvious in cancers, where a disorganized and leaky blood vessel network irrigates solid tumors. In this context, vascular permeability drives tumor-induced angiogenesis, blood flow disturbances, inflammatory cell infiltration, and tumor cell extravasation. This can directly restrain the efficacy of conventional therapies by limiting intravenous drug delivery. Indeed, for more effective anti-angiogenic therapies, it is now accepted that not only should excessive angiogenesis be alleviated, but also that the tumor vasculature needs to be normalized. Recovery of normal state vasculature requires diminishing hyperpermeability, increasing pericyte coverage, and restoring the basement membrane, to subsequently reduce hypoxia, and interstitial fluid pressure. In this review, we will introduce how vascular permeability accompanies tumor progression and, as a collateral damage, impacts on efficient drug delivery. The molecular mechanisms involved in tumor-driven vascular permeability will next be detailed, with a particular focus on the main factors produced by tumor cells, especially the emblematic vascular endothelial growth factor. Finally, new perspectives in cancer therapy will be presented, centered on the use of anti-permeability factors and normalization agents.
Genetic evidence for direct sensing of phenolic compounds by the VirA protein of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. (1995)

The virulence (vir) genes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens are induced by low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds and monosaccharides through a two-component regulatory system consisting of the VirA and VirG proteins. However, it is not clear how the phenolic compounds are sensed by the VirA/VirG system. We tested the vir-inducing abilities of 15 different phenolic compounds using four wild-type strains of A. tumefaciens--KU12, C58, A6, and Bo542. We analyzed the relationship between structures of the phenolic compounds and levels of vir gene expression in these strains. In strain KU12, vir genes were not induced by phenolic compounds containing 4'-hydroxy, 3'-methoxy, and 5'-methoxy groups, such as acetosyringone, which strongly induced vir genes of the other three strains. On the other hand, vir genes of strain KU12 were induced by phenolic compounds containing only a 4'-hydroxy group, such as 4-hydroxyacetophenone, which did not induce vir genes of the other three strains. The vir genes of strains KU12, A6, and Bo542 were all induced by phenolic compounds containing 4'-hydroxy and 3'-methoxy groups, such as acetovanillone. By transferring different Ti plasmids into isogenic chromosomal backgrounds, we showed that the phenolic-sensing determinant is associated with Ti plasmid. Subcloning of Ti plasmid indicates that the virA locus determines which phenolic compounds can function as vir gene inducers. These results suggest that the VirA protein directly senses the phenolic compounds for vir gene activation.
Reforming Dawsonite by Memory Effect of AACH-Derived Aluminas (2007)

Ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH), a material isostructural with the mineral dawsonite (NaAl(OH)2CO3), leads to finely dispersed and high-surface area Al2O3 upon thermal decomposition. This family of compounds exhibit memory effect, i.e., the dawsonite structure can be recovered upon treatment of the derived aluminas in (NH4)2CO3 solutions at 323 K. Treatment of the oxides in water or NH4OH, NH4Cl, and Na2CO3 solutions led to aluminum (oxi)hydroxides. The structural, morphological, and porous properties of the materials were investigated by ICP-OES, elemental analysis, XRD, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, He pycnometry, TEM, gas (N2 and Ar) adsorption, and thermal analysis (TGA and DSC). The reconstruction of dawsonite in ammonium carbonate was complete for the solids calcined at 523 and 723 K, consisting of a highly amorphous and low-skeleton-density alumina phase with well-developed porosity. The recrystallization was incomplete upon formation of larger γ-Al2O3 crystals by calcination at 1073 K, and no reconstruction occurred when α-Al2O3 was obtained by calcination at 1473 K. Characterization of the reconstructed samples indicates the attainment of NH4-dawsonite with higher purity than in the parent material. This is due to the presence of amorphous Al-containing phase(s) in the as-synthesized sample coexisting with AACH. All the phases were selectively converted into dawsonite by thermal decomposition and (NH4)2CO3 treatment. The reformed samples consist of relatively large crystals with newly developed microporosity as compared to the parent material. These results extend the unique memory property of oxides derived from particular layered materials such as hydrotalcites to other families of mineral-like compounds.
Targeting renal epithelial channels for the control of insect vectors (2015)

Three small molecules were identified in high throughput screens that 1) block renal inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels of Aedes aegypti expressed in HEK cells and Xenopus oocytes, 2) inhibit the secretion of KCl but not NaCl in isolated Malpighian tubules, and after injection into the hemolymph, 3) inhibit KCl excretion in vivo, and 4) render mosquitoes flightless or dead within 24h. Some mosquitoes had swollen abdomens at death consistent with renal failure. VU625, the most potent and promising small molecule for development as mosquitocide, inhibits AeKir1-mediated currents with an IC50 less than 100 nM. It is highly selective for AeKir1 over mammalian Kir channels, and it affects only 3 of 68 mammalian membrane proteins. These results document 1) renal failure as a new mode-of-action for mosquitocide development, 2) renal Kir channels as molecular target for inducing renal failure, and 3) the promise of the discovery and development of new species-specific insecticides.
Graft copolymerization onto starch. II. Grafting of acrylonitrile to granular native potato starch by manganic pyrophosphate initiation. Effect of reaction conditions on grafting parameters (1977)

The effect of reaction conditions on the composition of native potato starch–polyacrylonitrile graft copolymers initiated by manganic pyrophosphate onto starch slurries at 30°C has been examined. In general, when the Mn3+ ion concentration was increased from 0.15 × 10−3M to 3.0 × 10−3M (other conditions kept constant), an increase in conversion of monomer to polymer and % add-on was observed, whereas frequency of grafts (anhydroglucose units, AGU, per grafted chain) decreased. Also, the average molecular weights of grafts showed a decrease from 2.2 × 105 to 1.5 × 105. Increasing the concentration ratio of starch to monomer during polymerization by a factor of 3 produced an increase in the conversion of monomer to polymer, whereas an increase in frequency of grafts (AGU/chain) was obtained. Values of % add-on and average molecular weights of the grafts showed, however, a decreasing tendency. It was observed that grafting onto starch took place readily even at acid additions as low as 10 × 10−3M H2SO4 (pH ≃1.8). Selective solvent extraction of homopolymer and extremely low conversions of monomer to polymer (0.1%–1.5%) in duplicate runs without addition of starch indicated that grafting efficiencies were high in all cases. An attempt has been made to interpret the results in terms of variations in factors such as initial ratio of (Mn3+)/(AGU), termination rate of acrylonitrile chain radicals by oxidation by Mn3+ ions, oxidation rate of radicals formed on anhydroglucose units by Mn3+ ions, and physical factors such as diffusion rate of Mn3+ ions through the polyacrylonitrile-grafted starch granules for terminating the radicals.
An experimental TDMA indoor radio communications system using slow frequency hopping and coding (1991)

The general principles, implementation, and performance of a 1-Mb/s time-division-multiple-access (TDMA), slow frequency hopping and coding, 1.5-GHz radio communications system for a medium-sized office building are discussed. TDMA is provided for service flexibility and slow frequency hopping and coding for immunity against multipath fading and interference. Measurements show that, with a hallway-mounted distributed antenna system installed on one floor of the building and with the mobile unit transmitting only 1 mW of peak RF power from anywhere on that floor, only a single 384-b frame out of a total of 200000 transmitted frames suffered an unrecoverable error. This kind of performance is comparable to that of wired data modems. Similar performance was obtained from a central antenna covering the same floor. However, the required transmitted power in this case was 100 mW. Implementation issues, such as spectrum allocation, cellular subdivisions, and spectrum efficiency, are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pharmacokinetics of four 5-FU preparations administered rectally to rats and rabbits (1997)

The lipophil-based suppository and the simple emulsion of 5-FU might be more suitable for rectal administration for treatment of rectal cancers.
A novel human endogenous retroviral protein inhibits cell-cell fusion (2013)

While common in viral infections and neoplasia, spontaneous cell-cell fusion, or syncytialization, is quite restricted in healthy tissues. Such fusion is essential to human placental development, where interactions between trophoblast-specific human endogenous retroviral (HERV) envelope proteins, called syncytins, and their widely-distributed cell surface receptors are centrally involved. We have identified the first host cell-encoded protein that inhibits cell fusion in mammals. Like the syncytins, this protein, called suppressyn, is HERV-derived, placenta-specific and well-conserved over simian evolution. In vitro, suppressyn binds to the syn1 receptor and inhibits syn1-, but not syn2-mediated trophoblast syncytialization. Suppressyn knock-down promotes cell-cell fusion in trophoblast cells and cell-associated and secreted suppressyn binds to the syn1 receptor, ASCT2. Identification of the first host cell-encoded inhibitor of mammalian cell fusion may encourage improved understanding of cell fusion mechanisms, of placental morphogenesis and of diseases resulting from abnormal cell fusion.
SCALABLE PACKET PROCESSING FOR HIGH-SPEED NETWORKS (2011)

Rapid expansion of the Internet has led to the exponential growth of requirement for highspeed packet processing, including both header processing and payload processing.In network applications such as Routers, Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), there are three important issues needed to be designed efficiently to support today's high speed network: IP route lookup, packet classification and deep packet inspection.And these three procedures are usually implemented as different components, which make packet processing too slow to meet high-speed network's requirements.So how to design efficient packet processing components is very important.Special hardware, such as TCAMs, are widely used networking applications to achieve high throughput, but their disadvantages such as high cost and high power consumption usually limit their application.We focus on these issues and design efficient schemes to solve problems in today's and tomorrow's networks.Our approaches are based on the observation that all of these components contain redundancy and we can reduce the hardware consumption and increase the throughput if we can remove the redundancy efficiently.Furthermore, we remove the redundancy between different components to further improve the performance and we propose a new integrated architecture which integrates these three components efficiently.In order to design an efficient combined security gateway system, we first focus on how to design efficient three individual components, including routing table lookup, packet classification
Off‐resonance experiments and contrast agents to improve magnetic resonance imaging (1998)

The effect of off-resonance irradiation on the water proton NMR signal intensity has been investigated as follows: (a) in the presence of a paramagnetic probe like manganese(II); (b) in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and two gadolinium(III) complexes, Gd-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA; (c) in the presence of cross-linked BSA and the two above-mentioned gadolinium(III) complexes. The experimental data have been rationalized on the basis of the available theoretical models. The effectiveness of the two complexes as contrast agents for MRI has been predicted. It is shown that contrast agents providing comparable longitudinal and transverse relaxation rate enhancements are those of general interest for off-resonance magnetization transfer-MRI.
Pharmacokinetics of Huperzine A in Dogs Following Single Intravenous and Oral Administrations (2006)

The pharmacokinetics of huperzine A in dogs after single intravenous and oral administrations was investigated. Concentrations of huperzine A were determined by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental methods. After single intravenous administration, the Cmax, T1/2, AUC0-t, AUC0-infinity, CL, Vd and Vss were 5.55 +/- 1.61 microg/L, 5.02 +/- 0.31 h, 16.04 +/- 5.24, 16.49 +/- 5.29 microgh/L, 0.66 +/- 0.19 L/h/kg, 4.76 +/- 1.46, and 3.93 +/- 1.54 L/kg, respectively. After single oral administration, the Cmax, Tmax, T1/2, AUC0-t, AUC0-infinity and oral bioavailability were 2.60 +/- 0.60 microg/L, 1.25 +/- 0.50 h, 5.71 +/- 2.25 h, 12.90 +/- 3.19, 13.78 +/- 3.24 microgh/L, and 94.4 +/- 36.5%, respectively. In conclusion, huperzine A had a rapid and nearly complete oral absorption and was extensively distributed into tissues after drug administration in dogs.
Network utilization: The flow view (2013)

Building and operating a large backbone network can take months or even years, and it requires a substantial investment. Therefore, there is an economical drive to increase the utilization of network resources (links, switches, etc.) in order to improve the cost efficiency of the network. At the same time, the utilization of network components has a direct impact on the performance of the network and its resilience to failure, and thus operational considerations are a critical aspect of the decision regarding the desired network load and utilization. However, the actual utilization of the network resources is not easy to predict or control. It depends on many parameters like the traffic demand and the routing scheme (or Traffic Engineering if deployed), and it varies over time and space. As a result it is very difficult to actually define real network utilization and to understand the reasons for this utilization. In this paper we introduce a novel way to look at the network utilization. Unlike traditional approaches that consider the average link utilization, we take the flow perspective and consider the network utilization in terms of the growth potential of the flows in the network. After defining this new Flow Utilization, and discussing how it differs from common definitions of network utilization, we study ways to efficiently compute it over large networks. We then show, using real backbone data, that Flow Utilization is very useful in identifying network state and evaluating performance of TE algorithms.
Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of bacteria capable of inducing differentiation in the green alga <i>Monostroma oxyspermum</i> (2003)

Many green algae cannot develop normally when they are grown under axenic conditions. Monostroma oxyspermum, for example, proliferates unicellularly in an aseptic culture, but develops into a normal foliaceous gametophyte in the presence of some marine bacteria. More than 1000 bacterial strains were isolated from marine algae and sponges and assayed for their ability to induce the morphogenesis of unicellular M. oxyspermum. Fifty bacterial strains exhibiting morphogenesis-inducing activity against unicellular M. oxyspermum were isolated. The partial gyrB (approximately 1.2 kbp) and 16S rDNA (approximately 1.4 kbp) sequences of about 40 active strains were determined, and their phylogenetic relationships were analysed. All these strains were located within the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides (CFB) complex, and most of these strains were clustered in a clade comprising Zobellia uliginosa. On the other hand, these bacteria also exhibited morphogenetic activity against germ-free spores of Ulva pertusa, Ulva conglobata and Enteromorpha intestinalis. Moreover, these bacteria induced the release of spores from the leafy young gametophyte of M. oxyspermum. These results indicate that strains belonging to several groups in the CFB complex play an important role in the normal development of green algae in the marine coastal environment.
Theory and application of measuring mesoscale soil moisture by cosmic-ray fast neutron probe (2014)

In recent years, measurement of surface soil moisture by the cosmic-ray fast neutron probe has gradually attracted more attention The intensity of the fast neutrons above the ground is sensitive to water content changes, largely insensitive to soil chemistry and inversely correlated with hydrogen content of the soil. Measurement of this intensity with a portable neutron detector placed above the ground permits the possibility of monitoring soil moisture. By this passive, non-invasive and intermediate scale measurement, soil moisture at a horizontal scale of around 660 m and depths of 12 to 76 cm can be inferred. And the large footprint makes this method suitable for weather and short-term climate forecast initialization and for validation of soil moisture inversed from satellite sensors. In this paper, the results of the cosmic-ray instruments well reflected the variation trend of soil moisture at the field scale. We found that irrigation and infiltration were two most important factors that affected the variation of soil moisture during a growing season of maize in Zhangye and the soil moisture of different period in the growing season of maize was very different. At last, Wireless Sensor Network data were used to validate this result and we found their correlation was very well with a RMSE of 0.0275 m3m−3 in the non-irrigation time.