gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Investigation of Prebreakdown Phenomena and Chemical Reactions Using a Pulsed High-Voltage Discharge in Water (1987)

Prebreakdown phenomena in water were investigated for point-plane geometries using high-voltage pulses. Spot discharges, filamentary magenta streamers, isolated microdischarges, and microbubbles were observed and photographed. Emission spectra were obtained using a prism spectrograph. Maximum streamer lengths were determined as a function of applied voltage, pulsewidth (decay constant), and water conductivity. The bubbling of gas through the underwater discharge resulted in the disintegration of the gas bubbles, and also caused gas-phase discharges to occur near the nozzle electrode. The production of 0 <L xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</L> , accomplished by bubbling O <L xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</L> gas through a discharge in deionized water, was investigated using a colorimetric indigo dye test that measured the concentration of 0 <L xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</L> in the water. Chemical reactions occurring when 0 <L xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</L> or N <L xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</L> gas was bubbled through a discharge in an anthraquinone dye solution were studied by photometrically measuring the decolorization of the dye.
Individualized use of methadone and opioid rotation in the comprehensive management of cancer pain associated with poor prognostic indicators (1996)

This case report describes a patient affected by a neuropathic pain syndrome, which was secondary to a renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the spine, and complicated by incidental components and somatization. Due to a rapid development of tolerance and toxicity from hydromorphone, a rotation to methadone was made, with a decrease of the morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) from 1050 to 36. After 4 mos of good pain relief, a switch over back to hydromorphone was necessary due to worsening pain, associated with myoclonus and sedation secondary to methadone; the MEDD this time escalated from 480 to 4950. The use of hydromorphone was complicated by the onset of intractable nausea and sedation. After 2 wks, the patient was rotated again to methadone, with a decrease of the MEDD to 24. He achieved good pain control and was free of opioid toxicity. Our findings illustrate a role of methadone in the management of cancer pain associated with poor prognostic indicators, the development of tolerance towards its effects, and the regaining of sensitivity to methadone, by temporary rotation to another opioid. Possible mechanism for opioid tolerance and its reversal are discussed.
Study on control method of cascade H-bridges active power filter for distribution system (2010)

A novel control strategy for 11-level cascade H-bridge APF based on TCPS-PWM is proposed in this paper. When the cascade inverter is applied to active power filter for distribution system, it is expected that the switching frequency and the EMI will be dramatically reduced. By the strategy, each power unit is modulated in low frequency. At the same time, the equivalent switching frequency is still high so as to meet the high tracing ability for better compensation performance. This paper also focuses on the transposing modulation method to balance the DC voltage. As each H-bridge's DC voltage is balanced under TCPS-PWM modulation, only one DC voltage is needed in practice. Then the amount of voltage transformer dramatically decreases, and the AD sampling circuit is simplified. At last, analyse and simulation show the feasibility and superiority of the proposed strategy.
Purification, characterization and molecular cloning of human hepatic lysosomal acid lipase (1994)

Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is a hydrolase essential for the intracellular degradation of cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols. This report describes a multi-step procedure for the purification of LAL from human liver. After solubilization with non-ionic detergent, acid hydrolase activity was purified 17000-fold to apparent homogeneity by sequential chromatography on Concanavalin A Sepharose, carboxymethyl-cellulose, phenyl Superose, Mono S cation exchange and Superose 12 gel-filtration columns. This procedure yielded two silver-staining protein bands of 56 kDa and 41 kDa on SDS/PAGE. Size-exclusion chromatography of the 41-kDa protein indicated that the enzyme was catalytically competent as a monomer of approximately 38 kDa. When assayed in the presence of cholesteryl oleate or trioleoylglycerol, purified acid lipase had Vmax values of 4390 nmol fatty acid.min-1.mg protein and 4756 nmol fatty acid.min-1.mg protein-1, and apparent Km values of 0.142 mM and 0.138 mM, respectively. The purified enzyme was most active at low pH (4.5-5.0) and required non-ionic detergent and ethylene glycol for optimal stability. Incubation of the 41-kDa acid lipase with endoglucosaminidase H reduced the molecular mass by 4-6 kDa, demonstrating Asn-linked glycosylation with high-mannose oligosaccharides. Deglycosylation did not affect enzymic activity, indicating that carbohydrates are not required for LAL activity. Based on partial peptide sequence, an oligonucleotide was synthesized and utilized to isolate LAL cDNA clones from a human liver cDNA library. A full-length LAL cDNA contained 2626 nucleotides and coded for a predicted protein of 372 amino acids, preceded by a 27 residue hydrophobic signal peptide. Hepatic LAL differed from fibroblast acid lipase at the N-terminus and revealed extensive similarities with human gastric lipase and rat lingual lipase, confirming a gene family of acid lipases. Northern hybridization using the complete LAL cDNA as a radiolabeled probe indicated striking differences in mRNA expression among human tissues. LAL mRNA was most abundant in brain, lung, kidney and mammary gland. Placenta and HeLa cells expressed intermediate amounts of LAL mRNA, while RNA extracted from liver and heart showed low levels of expression.
A Geared Infinitely Variable Transmission for Automotive Applications (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Epilogics, a young engineering firm in Los Gatos, CA, has developed the first fully-geared, high torque, high efficiency, infinitely variable transmission (IVT) suitable for automotive applications. To prove its torque capacity, Epilogics demonstrated a prototype of its patented transmission concept in a Class VII diesel truck in June, 1989. In addition to being ideally suited as a transmission for motor vehicle drivetrains, the IVT can provide a means to efficiently and flexibly drive engine accessories independently of engine speed. Products have already been designed or built to drive alternators at a constant speed (irrespective of engine/vehicle speed) and to control cooling fan speeds independently of engine/vehicle speed. Outside of automotive applications, experimental designs of automatically adjusting manual sailboat winches and continuously variable bicycle transmissions have been implemented. Under normal operating conditions, the efficiency of the Epilogics transmission exceeds 90% as derived mathematically and corroborated experimentally. The device does not rely on traction to transmit torque and can therefore match the torque capacity of any typical gear drive. The size, weight, and cost of the device closely approximates that of a four-speed manual transmission.</div>
New Directions in Therapeutics for Huntington Disease (2018)

Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease that affects motor, cognitive and psychiatric functions, and ultimately leads to death. The pathology of the disease is based on an expansion of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the <i>huntingtin</i> gene on chromosome 4, which produces a mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt). This protein is involved in neurotoxicity and brain atrophy, and can form β-sheets and abnormal mHtt aggregates. Currently, there are no approved effective treatments for HD, although tetrabenazine (Xenazine™) and deutetrabenazine (AUSTEDO™) have been approved for treatment of the motor symptom chorea in HD. This literature review aims to address the latest research on promising therapeutics based on influencing the hypothesized pathological mechanisms.
Electrical Characteristics of High-Mobility Fine-Grain Poly-Si TFTs from Laser Irradiated Sputter-Deposited Si Film (1989)

Electrical characteristics of n-channel fine-grain polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) fabricated from a sputter-deposited Si film irradiated with laser light have been measured. The fine-grain poly-Si TFTs have attained a high mobility of 383 cm 2 /V·s despite a small grain size from 40 nm to several hundred nanometers. The high-mobility fine-grain poly-Si TFTs feature decreases in mobility with gate voltage and decreases in drain current with temperature in a manner similar to single-crystal MOSFETs. They also show a low carrier trap state density N st at grain boundaries of 5.6×10 11 cm -2 . High mobility in the poly-Si TFTs is due to a low N st .
Predicted Hemodynamic Benefits Of Counterpulsation Therapy Using A Superficial Surgical Approach (2006)

A volume-displacement counterpulsation device (CPD) intended for chronic implantation via a superficial surgical approach is proposed. The CPD is a pneumatically driven sac that fills during native heart systole and empties during diastole through a single, valveless cannula anastomosed to the subclavian artery. Computer simulation was performed to predict and compare the physiological responses of the CPD to the intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) in a clinically relevant model of early stage heart failure. The effect of device stroke volume (0-50 ml) and control modes (timing, duration, morphology) on landmark hemodynamic parameters and the LV pressure-volume relationship were investigated. Simulation results predicted that the CPD would provide hemodynamic benefits comparable to an IABP as evidenced by up to 25% augmentation of peak diastolic aortic pressure, which increases diastolic coronary perfusion by up to 34%. The CPD may also provide up to 34% reduction in LV end-diastolic pressure and 12% reduction in peak systolic aortic pressure, lowering LV workload by up to 26% and increasing cardiac output by up to 10%. This study demonstrated that the superficial CPD technique may be used acutely to achieve similar improvements in hemodynamic function as the IABP in early stage heart failure patients.
Tales of ‘Heroes’ and ‘Saviours’ (2019)

This chapter, with examples from the mass media, outlines how the image of the police officers and prison officers is presented in party propaganda. Different ‘model’ officers are presented in ways highlighting their ‘exemplary qualities’, like their willingness to sacrifice self for public good, and emphasizing their heroic and benevolent personal characteristics. It examines how the party propaganda might affect drug detainees’ expectations of the police and prison officers in real life.
Synthesis of hydrido- and deuterio-carbonyl cluster complexes of ruthenium, iron-ruthenium, and osmium from metal carbonyls and hydrogen at atmospheric pressure (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of hydrido- and deuterio-carbonyl cluster complexes of ruthenium, iron-ruthenium, and osmium from metal carbonyls and hydrogen at atmospheric pressureS. A. R. Knox, J. W. Koepke, M. A. Andrews, and H. D. KaeszCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 14, 3942–3947Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00847a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00847a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views738Altmetric-Citations226LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Review of the Integrated Process for the Production of Grass Biomethane (2009)

Production of grass biomethane is an integrated process which involves numerous stages with numerous permutations. The grass grown can be of numerous species, and it can involve numerous cuts. The lignocellulosic content of grass increases with maturity of grass; the first cut offers more methane potential than the later cuts. Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) are higher (and as such methane potential is higher) for grass cut in the afternoon as opposed to that cut in the morning. The method of ensiling has a significant effect on the dry solids content of the grass silage. Pit or clamp silage in southern Germany and Austria has a solids content of about 40%; warm dry summers allow wilting of the grass before ensiling. In temperate oceanic climates like Ireland, pit silage has a solids content of about 21% while bale silage has a solids content of 32%. Biogas production is related to mass of volatile solids rather than mass of silage; typically one ton of volatile solid produces 300 m(3) of methane. The dry solids content of the silage has a significant impact on the biodigester configuration. Silage with a high solids content would lend itself to a two-stage process; a leach bed where volatile solids are converted to a leachate high in chemical oxygen demand (COD), followed by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket where the COD can be converted efficiently to CH(4). Alternative configurations include wet continuous processes such as the ubiquitous continuously stirred tank reactor; this necessitates significant dilution of the feedstock to effect a solids content of 12%. Various pretreatment methods may be employed especially if the hydrolytic step is separated from the methanogenic step. Size reduction, thermal, and enzymatic methodologies are used. Good digester design is to seek to emulate the cow, thus rumen fluid offers great potential for hydrolysis.
Robust accurate identification of peptides (RAId): deciphering MS2 data using a structured library search with de novo based statistics (2005)

We designed RAId to identify peptides from their associated tandem mass spectrometry data. RAId performs a novel de novo sequencing followed by a search in a peptide library that we created. Through de novo sequencing, we establish the spectrum-specific background score statistics for the library search. When the database search fails to return significant hits, the top-ranking de novo sequences become potential candidates for new peptides that are not yet in the database. The use of spectrum-specific background statistics seems to enable RAId to perform well even when the spectral quality is marginal. Other important features of RAId include its potential in de novo sequencing alone and the ease of incorporating post-translational modifications.
Mechanism of the Inhibition of Cholesterol Absorption by DL-Melinamide: Inhibition of Cholesterol Esterification (1986)

In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of DL-melinamide [DL-MA, N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)linoleamide], an inhibitor of cholesterol absorption, the effect of DL-MA on esterification of cholesterol in the mucosa of rabbit small intestine was studied. DL-MA inhibited acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT, EC 2.3.1.26) activity in the mucosal microsomes, with 50% inhibition occurring at approximately 0.5 microM. On the other hand, DL-MA had no effect on the cholesterol esterase (EC 3.1.1.13) activity in the mucosal cytosol. Kinetic studies indicate that DL-MA is an uncompetitive inhibitor of ACAT. D-MA, one of the two optical isomers of DL-MA, was found to be a more effective inhibitor of ACAT than L-MA, another isomer. This finding indicates that the inhibition of cholesterol absorption by DL-MA depends on the inhibition of ACAT by this compound, in view of the fact that D-MA is a more effective inhibitor of cholesterol absorption than L-MA.
Experimental Behavior of Jurik's Nearest Point Approach Algorithm for Linear Programming (2010)

T. Jurik recently proposed a new algorithm for solving linear programming problems. The algorithm is iterative, finding points on the boundary of the problem's convex polyhedron. Global convergence of the algorithm is an open question. Jurik benchmarked the performance of the algorithm on standard sets of linear optimization problems, and the algorithm was on par with commonly used ones, and sometimes beating the simplex method by a wide margin. In this note we concentrate on testing local behavior of the algorithm near a vertex in the three dimensional Euclidean space. Our experiments indicate that the behavior of the algorithm is mostly very fast, but there appear to be cases where its behavior is worse than the simplex method.
Contracts: specifying behavioral compositions in object-oriented systems (1990)

Behavioral compositions, groups of interdependent objects cooperating to accomplish tasks, are an important feature of object-oriented systems. This paper introduces Contracts, a new technique for specifying behavioral compositions and the obligations on participating objects. Refinement and composition of contracts allows for the creation of large grain abstractions based on behavior, orthogonal to those provided by existing class constructs. Using contracts thus provides a basis and vocabulary for Interaction-Oriented design which greatly facilitates the early identification, abstraction and reuse of patterns of behavior in programs. Contracts differ from previous work in that they capture explicitly and abstractly the behavioral dependencies amongst cooperating objects. By explicitly stating these dependencies, contract also provide an effective aid for program understanding and reuse.
Supervisory and Optimal Control of Building HVAC Systems: A Review (2008)

HVAC systems are the major energy consumers in buildings. Operation and control of HVAC systems have significant impacts on the energy or cost efficiency of buildings besides their designs. Buildings nowadays are mostly equipped with comprehensive building automation systems (BASs) and building energy management control systems (EMCSs) that allow the possibility of enhancing and optimizing the operation and control of HVAC systems. Supervisory and optimal control, which addresses the energy or cost-efficient control of HVAC systems while providing the desired indoor comfort and healthy environment under the dynamic working conditions, is attracting more attention of the building professionals and the society and provides incentives to make more efforts in developing more extensive and robust control methods for HVAC systems. This paper provides a framework for categorizing the main supervisory and optimal control methods and optimization techniques developed and/or utilized in the HVAC field. The application characteristics of each control method and optimization technique are also identified and compared. A comprehensive overall review of the state of the art of the research and development, as well as application of supervisory and optimal control, in HVAC systems is also presented.
High‐resolution X‐ray imaging of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>‐infected red blood cells (2008)

Methods for imaging cellular architecture and ultimately macromolecular complexes and individual proteins, within a cellular environment, are an important goal for cell and molecular biology. Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a method of lensless imaging that can be applied to any individual finite object. A diffraction pattern from a single biological structure is recorded and an iterative Fourier transform between real space and reciprocal space is used to reconstruct information about the architecture of the sample to high resolution. As a test system for cellular imaging, we have applied CDI to an important human pathogen, the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. We have employed a novel CDI approach, known as Fresnel CDI, which uses illumination with a curved incident wavefront, to image red blood cells infected with malaria parasites. We have examined the intrinsic X-ray absorption contrast of these cells and compared them with cells contrasted with heavy metal stains or immunogold labeling. We compare CDI images with data obtained from the same cells using scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy. We show that CDI can offer new information both within and at the surface of complex biological specimens at a spatial resolution of better than 40 nm. and we demonstrate an imaging modality that conveniently combines scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy with CDI. The data provide independent confirmation of the validity of the coherent diffractive image and demonstrate that CDI offers the potential to become an important and reliable new high-resolution imaging modality for cell biology. CDI can detect features at high resolution within unsectioned cells.
The Structure of Eryloside A, a New Antitumor and Antifungal 4-Methylated Steroidal Glycoside from the Sponge Erylus lendenfeldi (1989)

The structure of a new glycoside, eryloside A [1], isolated from the Red Sea sponge Erylus lendenfeldi, has been determined by 1D and 2D nmr techniques.
The Atomic Distribution in Red and Black Phosphorus and the Crystal Structure of Black Phosphorus (1935)

No satisfactory crystal structure determination has been made of any of the forms of phosphorus. Five samples of black phosphorus gave identical powder patterns different from those reported by Linck and Jung, whose rhombohedral structure gives improbable interatomic distances and coordination. A sample which had been prepared at room temperature and 35,000 atmospheres gave the diffuse rings of an ``amorphous'' x-ray pattern. Another sample, prepared at 300°C and 8000 atmospheres, is a new form of phosphorus, having the same density as black. Atomic distribution curves of crystalline and ``amorphous'' black and red phosphorus were obtained by the method of Fourier analysis. All four gave practically the same curve, showing three neighbors at 2.28A and about twelve at 3.6A. With the aid of the atomic distribution curves and the fact that certain lines showed a preferred orientation, it was possible to determine the structure of black phosphorus. It consists of double layers; the cell is side-centered orthorhombic with a=3.31A, b=4.38A and c=10.50A. There are eight atoms in the cell, giving a calculated density of 2.69 compared with 2.70 observed. The space group is Vh18—Bmab. The black phosphorus structure allows a closer packing than the arsenic structure, where the atomic environment is similar, and so is favored by the high pressure.