gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo Calculations on Electron Scattering in a Solid Target (1971)

The Monte Carlo technique using a simple single scattering model, different from Reimer's, is applied to the field of the Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA) and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The calculations show fairly good agreement with the experiments on back-scattered electrons, energy dissipation, characteristic X-ray production and secondary electron emission. Also the electron trajectories are depicted on the chart by the plotter connected with the digital computer.
The practice of nursing theory in the operating room. (1999)

Nursing theory is a set of ideas, experiences, or observations regarding how and why nurses engage in certain activities and exhibit various behavioral attributes in providing patient care. The individualized caregiving activities perioperative nurses express during all phases of the surgical experience are supported by nursing theory.
On a system of understanding illustrative diagrams in an assembly manual (1990)

This paper presents a system of understanding illustrations in an assembly manual. The system will be applied to a robot specialized to assemble machines automatically. In an assembly manual, illustrations are usually drawn following the order of assembling operations. Sometimes, in an illustration only one assembly relation is shown. At other times, more than one assembly relations are shown in an illustration. Nevertheless, a new “structure” can always be generated from an illustration. The generated “structure” will appear in the next illustration as a particular mechanical part. Therefore, the generated “structure” from the last illustration is the desired machine. Based on the above features of the illustrations in an assembly manual, this system first conjectures the generated “structure” from an illustration, and then understands the next illustration. The system is composed of a central unit and an outside control equipment. Within the central unit, the methods of obtaining assembling information from an illustrations are provided. And the outside control equipment is used to decide how to go on to the next illustration.
La canción popular: Portugal-España. José Alfonso, una mención obligada (1998)

En el articulo se rememora el dificil trabajo de los musicos que formaron parte de los movimientos artisticos que, en los ultimos periodos de las dictaduras portuguesa y espanola, intentaban hacer una nueva lectura de las raices culturales de ambos paises poniendola en relacion con la lucha por la recuperacion democratica. En este sentido, la actividad del portugues Jose Afonso fue una de las mas enriquecedoras y decisivas, y asi es valorada, con amenidad y profusion de datos, por el autor.
Recognizing Gestures on Projected Button Widgets with an RGB-D Camera Using a CNN (2018)

Projector-camera systems can turn any surface such as tabletops and walls into an interactive display. A basic problem is to recognize the gesture actions on the projected UI widgets. Previous approaches using finger template matching or occlusion patterns have issues with environmental lighting conditions, artifacts and noise in the video images of a projection, and inaccuracies of depth cameras. In this work, we propose a new recognizer that employs a deep neural net with an RGB-D camera; specifically, we use a CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) with optical flow computed from the color and depth channels. We evaluated our method on a new dataset of RGB-D videos of 12 users interacting with buttons projected on a tabletop surface.
COMPLEX GENETICS OF GLAUCOMA SUSCEPTIBILITY (2005)

Glaucoma describes a group of diseases that kill retinal ganglion cells. There are different types of glaucoma, and each appears to be genetically heterogeneous. Different glaucoma genes have been identified, but these genes account for only a small proportion of glaucoma. Most glaucoma cases appear to be multifactorial, and are likely affected by multiple interacting loci. A number of genetic susceptibility factors have been suggested to contribute to glaucoma. These factors fit into two broad groups, those affecting intraocular pressure and those important in modulating retinal ganglion cell viability. Defining the complex genetics of glaucoma will require significant further study of the human disease and animal models. Genetic approaches are essential and will be enhanced by recently developed genomic and proteomic technologies. These technologies will provide valuable clues about pathogenesis for subsequent testing. In this review, we focus on endogenous genetic susceptibility factors and on how experimental studies will be valuable for dissecting the multifactorial complexity of their interactions.
Controlled Adsorption of Carbon Nanotubes on Chemically Modified Electrode Arrays (1998)

For applications of carbon nanotubes in electronic components site-specific assembly of nanotubes onto patterned substrates is required. The Figure shows, as an example, a surface modification that favors attachment of nanotubes to an electrode (Au/Pd). The adsorbed nanotube (gray) has a partial surfactant shell and there is an alkanethiol monolayer between the nanotube and electrode. The Si/SiO2 wafer is unaffected.
Non-B-Form DNA Is Enriched at Centromeres (2018)

Animal and plant centromeres are embedded in repetitive "satellite" DNA, but are thought to be epigenetically specified. To define genetic characteristics of centromeres, we surveyed satellite DNA from diverse eukaryotes and identified variation in <10-bp dyad symmetries predicted to adopt non-B-form conformations. Organisms lacking centromeric dyad symmetries had binding sites for sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins with DNA-bending activity. For example, human and mouse centromeres are depleted for dyad symmetries, but are enriched for non-B-form DNA and are associated with binding sites for the conserved DNA-binding protein CENP-B, which is required for artificial centromere function but is paradoxically nonessential. We also detected dyad symmetries and predicted non-B-form DNA structures at neocentromeres, which form at ectopic loci. We propose that centromeres form at non-B-form DNA because of dyad symmetries or are strengthened by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. This may resolve the CENP-B paradox and provide a general basis for centromere specification.
Photoluminescence Measurement of Carbon in Silicon Crystals Irradiated with High Energy Electrons (1994)

A high energy electron irradiation‐photoluminescence (PL) technique is employed for developing an analytical method for determining the concentration of carbon in silicon crystals. Particular attention is paid to the effect of oxygen concentration on the PL intensity. The intensity of the 0.790 eV PL peak (C‐line) due to the complex formed by electron irradiation can be used to measure the lowest levels of 1014 to 1O15 atom/cm3 of carbon, almost independently of oxygen concentration. The intensity of the 0.969 eV peak (G‐line) due to the complex is highly affected by the oxygen concentration. When the oxygen concentration in the crystal is known, by using this peak, carbon concentrations of 1016 to 1017 atom/cm3 can be determined within an uncertainty of ±30%. By using both PL peak intensities and theoretical curves obtained from the rate equations of the complex formation, it is possible to determine carbon concentrations in the 1014 to 1017 atom/cm3 range.
ARRY-429520, a Novel KSP Inhibitor with Potent Anti-Proliferative Activity in Leukemic Cell Lines. (2006)

Abstract Kinesins are eukaryotic microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are over 40 known kinesins, approximately 15 of which are closely associated with mitosis. Kinesin Spindle Protein (KSP), also known as Eg5, is a mitotic kinesin that is a required enzyme in mitosis (prophase / prometaphase). This protein plays a key role in the formation of the bipolar spindle, particularly related to its role in centrosome maturation/separation. Because KSP is expressed predominately in proliferating cells and is absent from postmitotic neurons, its inhibition should not produce the peripheral neuropathy associated with traditional microtubule disruption agents (taxanes and vinca alkaloids). We report here the in vitro characterization of a potent KSP inhibitor, ARRY-429520, a member of a series of KSP inhibitors discovered and optimized by structure-based design. ARRY-429520 inhibits human KSP, with an IC50 of 6 nM, by a mechanism which was demonstrated to be uncompetitive with respect to ATP and noncompetitive with respect to tubulin. It was shown to arrest cells in mitosis as measured by FACs analysis as well as the accumulation of phospho- histone H3, with an EC50 of 1.5 nM. Furthermore, this compound was demonstrated to be antiproliferative, with EC50s between 0.3 nM and 6.5 nM against a panel of human tumor cell lines, including various leukemia lines (K-562, KU-812, HL-60, KG-1, MOLT3, MOLT4). In addition, ARRY-429520’s potency in MDR-overexpressing cell lines was minimally impacted as compared to paclitaxel. Cellular imaging studies demonstrate that the normal mitotic spindle configuration was disrupted, with the formation of monopolar spindles, a hallmark feature of KSP inhibition, at single digit nanomolar concentrations of ARRY-429520. Markers of mitotic arrest and apoptosis were demonstrated in tumor xenografts from animals treated with ARRY-429520.
Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. (1994)

In the context of the development of prototypic assessment instruments in the areas of cognition, personality, and adaptive functioning, the issues of standardization, norming procedures, and the important psychometrics of test reliability and validity are evaluated critically. Criteria, guidelines, and simple rules of thumb are provided to assist the clinician faced with the challenge of choosing an appropriate test instrument for a given psychological assessment. Clinicians are often faced with the critical challenge of choosing the most appropriate available test instrument for a given psychological assessment of a child, adolescent, or adult of a particular age, gender, and class of disability. It is the purpose of this report to provide some criteria, guidelines, or simple rules of thumb to aid in this complex scientific decision. As such, it draws upon my experience with issues of test development, standardization, norming procedures, and important psychometrics, namely, test reliability and validity. As I and my colleagues noted in an earlier publication, the major areas of psychological functioning, in the normal development of infants, children, adolescents, adults, and elderly people, include cognitive, academic, personality, and adaptive behaviors (Sparrow, Fletcher, & Cicchetti, 1985). As such, the major examples or applications discussed in this article derive primarily, although not exclusively, from these several areas of human functioning.
Electroluminescent properties of WLEDs with the structures of Ce:YAG single crystal/blue chip and Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ /Ce:YAG single crystal/blue chip (2015)

In this work, evidence for matching blue chips with Ce:YAG single crystal phosphor is given. Forward current ( I f) and red phosphor were investigated and discussed to improve the electroluminescent properties of WLEDs using Ce:YAG single-crystal phosphors. Optimum forward current of such a device is chosen at above 45 mA. The structure of Sr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sub> : Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> phosphor/Ce:YAG single crystal/blue chip enormously improved the color temperature and color rendering index. This method can be a solution to achieve warm white light. The chromaticity of this structure with the color temperature of 5629 K and color rendering index of 77.1 is (CIE x, CIE y) = (0.3296, 0.3369) closely meeting the demand for ideal white light for general lighting (0.33, 0.33), but the luminous efficiency ( ηL) is lower at 81.04 lm/W in comparison to that of the Ce:YAG single crystal/blue chip structure at 94.55 lm/W.
A FREQUENCY DOMAIN MODEL FOR FILTERED LMS ALGORITHMS-- STABILITY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (2005)

A number of noise cancellation applications of the LMS alp rithm involve systems where the input or the output of the adaptive filter or the feed-back error signal are linearly prior to use in the adaptive algorithm. These systems will be denoted filtered LMS. In this paper, a frequency domain model of the filtered LMS algorithm is presented for analyzing the behavior of the weights during adaptation. In particular, expressions for stable operation of the algorithm are derived as a function of the algorithm step size F, the input signal power and the transfer functions of the linear filters. The expressions show that algorithm stability can be achieved by inserting an appropriately chosen delay in the reference input to the LMS algorithm weight update equation. Simulations of the time domain algorithm are presented which support the theoretical predictions of the frequency domain model. In particular, the simulations display stability behavior as predicted by the theory and show significant reductions in the error power.
Property Identities and Modal Arguments (2011)

Many physicalists about the mind are committed to claims about property identities. Following Kripke's well-known discussion, modal arguments have emerged as major threats to such claims. This paper argues that modal arguments can be resisted by adopting a counterpart theoretic account of modal claims, and in particular modal claims involving properties. Thus physicalists have a powerful motive to adopt non-Kripkean accounts of the metaphysics of modality and the semantics of modal expressions.
Cationic pretreatment of cotton fabric for anionic dye and pigment printing with better fastness properties (2002)

Improved printability with pigment and anionic dyes was obtained after simple cationisation of cotton fabrics with Solfix E. Different print paste formulations were used for printing cationised cotton fabrics with pigment, acid and direct dyes. Print pastes containing a synthetic thickener or a pigment emulsion showed good suitability for printing with pigment and pastes containing Meypro‐gum as a thickener showed good printability with anionic dyes. The prints obtained on cationised cotton showed better overall fastness properties than prints obtained on untreated cotton. After repeated washings, the prints on cationised cotton showed a much smaller percentage colour loss than the prints on untreated cotton fabric.
Sliding Surface Envelope Control: Keeping the Vehicle Within a Safe State-Space Boundary (2010)

Stability control systems on the market today, while effective, operate without full information on the vehicle states and road friction properties. This paper presents a vehicle control scheme that takes into account vehicle state information on sideslip angle and yaw rate, as well as road coefficient of friction, to keep the vehicle within a safe region of the state space. The controller limits state growth outside of the safe area to a sliding surface defined by the distance to the closest operating point in the safe region. Experimental results validate a simple version of the controller on a low friction surface. The controller successfully stabilizes the vehicle using steer-by-wire as a control input.
Tunable multiple plasmon-induced transparency in a simple terahertz Dirac semimetal based metamaterial (2019)

We proposed a bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS) based metamaterial that consists of two identical vertical BDS rods and two horizontal BDS rods with different lengths. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed structure can realize the tunable multiple plasmon-induced transparency (multi-PIT) effect. The multi-PIT effect is mainly attributed to the introduction of the bonding mode simply by manipulating the lengths of horizontal rods. By changing the Fermi energy of the BDS, the tunable multi-PIT spectrum and tunable multi-band group delay can be achieved. The multi-PIT peaks are also sensitive to the background refractive index and can lead high FOM values of 16, 50.9 and 10.6, respectively. The proposed structure is desirable for designing tunable THz sensors, modulators and slow light devices.
Vulnerability in Public Malware Sandbox Analysis Systems (2010)

The use of Public Malware Sandbox Analysis Systems (public MSASs) which receives online submissions of possibly malicious executables from an arbitrary user, analyzes their behavior by executing them in a testing environment (i.e., a sandbox), and sends analysis reports back to the user, have increased in popularity. In such systems, the sandbox for analysis is often connected to the Internet as modern malware communicate with remote hosts for various reasons, such as receiving command and control (C&C) messages and files for updates. However, connecting the sandbox to these hosts involves a risk that the analysis activities may be detected and disturbed by the attackers who control them. In this paper, we discuss the issue of sandbox detection in the case of public MSASs. Namely, we point out that the IP address of an Internet-connected sandbox can be easily disclosed by an attacker who submits a decoy sample dedicated to this purpose. The disclosed address can then be shared among attackers, blacklisted, and used against the analysis system, for example, to conceal potential malicious behavior of malware. We have termed such an attack Decoy Sample Injection (DSI). We conducted a case study with nine existing public MSASs and found that six utilized Internet-connected sandboxes with very few IP addresses and were therefore vulnerable to DSI. In addition, it was revealed that certain background analysis activities of these systems can be revealed by the attack. Finally, we discuss the mitigation of DSI by dynamic IP address acquisition.
IDENTIFIED (Integrated Dictionary-based Extraction of Non-language-dependent Token Information for Forensic Identification, Examination, and Discrimination): a dictionary-based system for extracting source code metrics for software forensics (2002)

The frequency and severity of computer-based attacks such as viruses and worms, logic bombs, trojan horses, computer fraud, and plagiarism of software code have all become of increasing concern to many of those involved with information systems. Part of the difficulty experienced in collecting evidence regarding the attack or theft in such situations has been the definition and collection of appropriate measurements to use in models of authorship, With this purpose in mind a system called IDENTIFIED is being developed to assist with the task of software forensics which is the use of software code authorship analysis for legal or official purposes. IDENTIFIED uses combinations of wildcards and special characters to define count-based metrics, allows for hierarchical metametric definitions, automates much of the file handling task, extracts metric values from source code, and assists with the analysis and modelling processes. It is hoped that the availability of such tools will encourage more detailed research into this area of ever-increasing importance.
Dynamiques végétales et érosion hydrique sur les marnes dans les Alpes françaises du Sud (2005)

La persistance de l'activité érosive dans les Alpes françaises du Sud, malgré la dynamique progressive de la végétation, nous a conduit, pour mieux comprendre ce paradoxe, à tenter de rapprocher des observations et des mesures de la végétation et de l'érosion en utilisant un système d'échelles emboîtées. La comparaison des résultats obtenus dans les Baronnies méridionales (Val de la Méouge) et les Préalpes de Digne (région de Draix) permet d'envisager le rôle respectif de différents facteurs, d'ordre naturel (sensibilité des marnes) ou anthropique (déprise, forêts de protection). À l'échelle régionale et d'après la photo-interprétation diachronique du Val de la Méouge intégrée dans un SIG, la progression de la végétation entre 1948 et 1991 affecte le quart de la zone étudiée, dont 5 % dus à des plantations RTM tandis que les surfaces dépourvues de végétation diminuent de 40 % pendant la même période. Ces tendances sont observées de façon analogue quel que soit le substrat. Dans les Préalpes de Digne, les résultats d'études antérieures menées sur trois bassins versants présentaient une progression plus marquée, du fait du rôle accru des plantations de pins noirs et de l'absence d'activité agricole. À l'échelle des bassins versants de l'ordre du kilomètre carré, les mesures d'érosion effectuées dans les deux régions indiquent des processus d'érosion actifs, d'intensité variable selon la résistance des faciès marneux dans les Baronnies. D'après les relevés de végétation réalisés le long de certains bassins, on note la coexistence d'une activité localisée de l'érosion et d'une couverture végétale pouvant atteindre 70 % sur les interfluves et sur les versants des ravines. Qu'elle soit spontanée ou qu'elle résulte d'une campagne de plantation la végétation présente, par ailleurs, une tendance à la colonisation progressive des terrains érodés. À l'échelle des ravines de moins d'un hectare et de leurs versants, les résultats obtenus dans les deux régions mettent en lumière le rôle prépondérant de la végétation dans les lits de ravines dans la diminution du transit de débris vers l'aval et de la vitesse de propagation de l'érosion régressive vers l'amont. Ceci se solde par une diminution globale du taux d'érosion.
Transverse Spin Relaxation in Liquid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi>X</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>129</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:math>in the Presence of Large Dipolar Fields (2001)

Using spin-echo NMR techniques we study the transverse spin relaxation of hyperpolarized liquid 129Xe in a spherical cell. We observe an instability of the transverse magnetization due to dipolar fields produced by liquid 129Xe, and find that imperfections in the pi pulses of the spin-echo sequence suppress this instability. A simple perturbative model of this effect is in good agreement with the data. We obtain a transverse spin relaxation time of 1300 sec in liquid 129Xe, and discuss applications of hyperpolarized liquid 129Xe as a sensitive magnetic gradiometer and for a permanent electric dipole moment search.
Initial Nucleation of Platinum Clusters after Reduction of K<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>4</sub>in Aqueous Solution:  A First Principles Study (2001)

The initial nucleation of platinum clusters after the reduction of K(2)PtCl(4) in aqueous solution is studied by means of first principles molecular dynamics simulations. A reaction mechanism leading to a Pt dimer is revealed both by gas-phase simulations and by simulations which model the solution environment. The key step of the observed reaction process is the formation of a Pt-Pt bond between a Pt(I) complex and an unreduced Pt(II) complex. In light of this result, we discuss the reduction process leading to the formation of platinum nanoparticles. In the generally accepted model, the nucleation of Pt particles starts only when a critical concentration of Pt(0) atoms is reached. Here, we discuss a complementary mechanism where metal-metal bonds form between Pt complexes in higher oxidation states. This is consistent with a number of experimental results which show that a high concentration of zerovalent atoms is not necessary to start the nucleation.