gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic evidence for the transfer of Eubacterium lentum to the genus Eggerthella as Eggerthella lenta gen. nov., comb. nov. (1999)

Eubacterium lentum has unique phenotypic characters within the genus Eubacterium. The 16S rRNA sequence of Eubacterium lentum was determined and its phylogenetic position was defined. This micro-organism is a member of the genus Eubacterium but it is not closely related to Eubacterium limosum, the type species of the genus Eubacterium, and is nearer to Collinsella aerofaciens and Coriobacterium glomerans. A PCR-based identification system using species-specific primers designed on the basis of DNA sequences encoding the 16S rRNA of strains of Eubacterium lentum, Collinsella aerofaciens and Coriobacterium glomerans is described. A species-specific primer set can distinguish Eubacterium lentum from Eubacterium limosum or closely related species including Collinsella aerofaciens, Coriobacterium glomerans and Atopobium species. This species-specific PCR method can be used to identify Eubacterium lentum-like species isolated from human faeces. On the basis of the 16S rRNA sequence divergence from Collinsella aerofaciens and Coriobacterium glomerans and the presence of unique phenotypic characters, a new genus, Eggerthella gen. nov., is proposed for Eubacterium lentum, with one species, Eggerthella lenta comb. nov. The type strain of Eggerthella lenta is JCM 9979T.
Tinbergen's four questions and contemporary behavioral biology (2009)

Tinbergen's goal in his paper “On aims and methods of Ethology” (1963, this volume) was to define the field of ethology and demonstrate the close affinity between ethology and the rest of biology. He also wanted to show the ways in which ethology was similar to, and different from, other life sciences. His definition was simple: Ethology is “the biological study of behaviour.” He elaborated his meaning of “biological study” by stating that “the biological method is characterized by the general scientific method, and in addition by the kind of questions we ask (…).” The questions were those of causation, survival value, and evolution, as stated by Huxley (1914), plus that of ontogeny, added by Tinbergen. In the body of the paper, Tinbergen discusses and illustrates each question using examples from then-current ethological work. Further, he notes that most ethologists at that time had concentrated their efforts on asking causal questions, and pleads for more studies that ask the other questions as well. It was his opinion that answers to all four questions would lead to a much greater understanding of behavior. One other point is important to mention: Tinbergen's statement that his classification of problems is pragmatic rather than logical (Tinbergen, 1963, p. 426) may have contributed to some of the confusions we discuss below, as well as to extensions of these questions discussed in later chapters of this book.
Latent TGF-β-binding proteins (2015)

The LTBPs (or latent transforming growth factor β binding proteins) are important components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that interact with fibrillin microfibrils and have a number of different roles in microfibril biology. There are four LTBPs isoforms in the human genome (LTBP-1, -2, -3, and -4), all of which appear to associate with fibrillin and the biology of each isoform is reviewed here. The LTBPs were first identified as forming latent complexes with TGFβ by covalently binding the TGFβ propeptide (LAP) via disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum. LAP in turn is cleaved from the mature TGFβ precursor in the trans-golgi network but LAP and TGFβ remain strongly bound through non-covalent interactions. LAP, TGFβ, and LTBP together form the large latent complex (LLC). LTBPs were originally thought to primarily play a role in maintaining TGFβ latency and targeting the latent growth factor to the extracellular matrix (ECM), but it has also been shown that LTBP-1 participates in TGFβ activation by integrins and may also regulate activation by proteases and other factors. LTBP-3 appears to have a role in skeletal formation including tooth development. As well as having important functions in TGFβ regulation, TGFβ-independent activities have recently been identified for LTBP-2 and LTBP-4 in stabilizing microfibril bundles and regulating elastic fiber assembly.
Transcatheter Electrocoagulation: Experimental Evaluation of the Anode (1979)

Transcatheter electrocoagulation using direct current has been shown to be an effective method for vessel occlusion. To date, the stainless steel anode has not been entirely satisfactory. Thus, an evaluation of bipolar platinum electrodes and a comparison of monopolar platinum and stainless steel electrodes have been performed. Experimental results have shown that both monopolar and bipolar platinum electrodes caused perforation in most cases. At the present time, we have not found a satisfactory replacement for the unipolar stainless steel anode.
Visualizing software release histories: the use of color and third dimension (1999)

The data regarding the components of a software system consists of a large amount of information such as version history, number of lines, defect density, and complexity measures. The ability to quickly grasp a comprehensive view of the evolution and dependencies of such information is the key to making informed decisions about future developments of the system. Managers usually make such decision based only on expert judgement. For help in making such decisions, we can turn to the evolution history of large software systems, which contain a wealth of hidden information. Traditionally, this information is passed on through anecdotes without any supporting analytical data. This paper reports on our attempts to make such information more concrete through information visualization techniques. We present a three-dimensional visual representation for examining a system's software release history. The structure of the system is displayed by 2D or 3D graphs. The historical information is displayed by using time as the third dimension. Colors are used for displaying module properties and their historical changes in the system. A supporting software tool enables not only visualization but also navigation in the 3D space to change the viewpoint, to browse system information, to find interesting patterns and to discover previously unknown relationships among system components.
Inhibition of Early Atherogenesis by Losartan in Monkeys With Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia (2000)

This study demonstrates for the first time an antiatherogenic effect of AT(1) receptor blockade in nonhuman primates. Losartan inhibited fatty-streak formation through mechanisms that may include protection of LDL from oxidation and suppression of vascular monocyte activation and recruitment factors.
The opsin family of proteins (1986)

Research Article| September 15 1986 The opsin family of proteins J B C Findlay; J B C Findlay Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D J C Pappin D J C Pappin Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1986) 238 (3): 625–642. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2380625 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J B C Findlay, D J C Pappin; The opsin family of proteins. Biochem J 15 September 1986; 238 (3): 625–642. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2380625 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1986 London: The Biochemical Society1986 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Relaciones formales en la actitud hacia el riesgo: una vuelta de tuerca al paradigma de las "loterías" (1991)

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo formalizar las propuestas verbales establecidas en la teoria de Lopes (1987) (SP/A) respecto a la conducta de los sujetos hacia el riesgo. Esta teoria establece la existencia de dos factores: un factor disposicional y un factor situacional. El primer factor reflejaria una actitud basica hacia el riesgo y estaria representado por dos polos opuestos, seguridad frente a potencialidad. Cerca de la seguridad estarian los sujetos mas aversos al riesgo y cerca de la potencialidad los mas arriesgados. El factor situacional es denominado Nivel de Aspiracion y vendria determinado por las necesidades y oportunidades inmediatas en la consecucion de los objetivos que se marque el sujeto. Es un factor determinado por las demandas externas. Previamente se efectuan unas modificaciones en los estimulos (loterias) con el proposito de simplificar el procesamiento, tratando que se mantengan los patrones de eleccion ya establecidos ( Leon y Duenas, 1989; Leon y Gambara, en prensa; Leon y Lopes, 1988; Lopes y Schneider, 1987). El modelo que se propone es lineal, donde el factor disposicional se considera una variable independiente y el factor situacional es inferido de una manipulacion experimental.
Fluorescence and predissociation of sulfur dioxide (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence and predissociation of sulfur dioxideH. OkabeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 25, 7095–7096Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00754a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00754a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views301Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of nintedanib on airway inflammation and remodeling in a murine chronic asthma model (2017)

Nintedanib effectively ameliorated airway inflammation and remodeling in an OVA-induced chronic asthma model. These results suggest that nintedanib could be a new treatment agent targeting airway remodeling in patients with severe asthma.
Conceptualizing Global Environmental Governance: From Interstate Regimes to Counter-Hegemonic Struggles (2003)

May 01 2003 Conceptualizing Global Environmental Governance: From Interstate Regimes to Counter-Hegemonic Struggles Matthew Paterson, Matthew Paterson Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar David Humphreys, David Humphreys Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Lloyd Pettiford Lloyd Pettiford Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Matthew Paterson David Humphreys Lloyd Pettiford Online Issn: 1536-0091 Print Issn: 1526-3800 © 2003 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2003 Global Environmental Politics (2003) 3 (2): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1162/152638003322068173 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Matthew Paterson, David Humphreys, Lloyd Pettiford; Conceptualizing Global Environmental Governance: From Interstate Regimes to Counter-Hegemonic Struggles. Global Environmental Politics 2003; 3 (2): 1–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/152638003322068173 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsGlobal Environmental Politics Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2003 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2003 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Performance enhancement using intra-server caching in a continuous media server (2002)

Continuity of stream playback is the crucial constraint in designing a continuous media server. From a distributed memory architectural model developed earlier, we found that there were many points where the stream capacity of the server could be improved. The stream capacity was usually limited by the storage bottlenecks. Serving streams from memory cache eliminates disk accesses and data transfers between nodes which, in turn, helps relieve those bottlenecks. However, the capacity of the server ultimately depends on client access patterns. Client request assignment has an impact on cache hit ratio as well as workload distribution. It is also the major factor reflecting the server performance. In some cases where lower playback quality at some point in time is acceptable, delays can be added to improve the missed packet rate. This paper proposes various techniques to enhance the server performance and shows their reflections under different circumstances. Some techniques work well together. The best combination improves the capacity of the server by approximately 30%.
Hepatoprotective activity of &lt;i&gt;Chenopodium album&lt;/i&gt; Linn: &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; studies (2012)

Objective: The hepatoprotective activity of Chenopodium album Linn leaves against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. Methods: Rat hepatocyte monolayer culture and rats were used as in vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective screening models. In the in vitro studies, different extracts and fractions of C.album were screened. Silymarin was taken as reference drug. In vitro antioxidant activity was also assessed. In the in vivo studies, hepatotoxicity was induced in wistar rats by administering a mixture of CCl4: olive oil (1:1, 2 ml/kg, s.c.). The extent of hepatotoxicity was assessed by measuring the serum enzyme levels. The antioxidant parameters, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase of the liver tissue were also assessed. Results: In the in vitro studies, ethanol extract of C.album was found to be most active than other screened extracts/fractions. Furthermore, ethanol extract was found to be rich in phenolic and flavonoids and showed significant free radical scavenging activity against diphenylpicryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide ion radicals. In the in vivo studies, ethanol extract at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. exhibited significant protection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity as evident by prevention of CCl4-induced biochemical changes.
Scalable Private Set Intersection Based on OT Extension. (2016)

Private set intersection (PSI) allows two parties to compute the intersection of their sets without revealing any information about items that are not in the intersection. It is one of the best studied applications of secure computation and many PSI protocols have been proposed. However, the variety of existing PSI protocols makes it difficult to identify the solution that performs best in a respective scenario, especially since they were not compared in the same setting. In addition, existing PSI protocols are several orders of magnitude slower than an insecure naive hashing solution, which is used in practice.In this article, we review the progress made on PSI protocols and give an overview of existing protocols in various security models. We then focus on PSI protocols that are secure against semi-honest adversaries and take advantage of the most recent efficiency improvements in Oblivious Transfer (OT) extension, propose significant optimizations to previous PSI protocols, and suggest a new PSI protocol whose runtime is superior to that of existing protocols. We compare the performance of the protocols, both theoretically and experimentally, by implementing all protocols on the same platform, give recommendations on which protocol to use in a particular setting, and evaluate the progress on PSI protocols by comparing them to the currently employed insecure naive hashing protocol. We demonstrate the feasibility of our new PSI protocol by processing two sets with a billion elements each.
Stereoscopic 3D-TV: Visual Comfort (2011)

Among the key topics of discussion and research on three-dimensional television (3D-TV), visual comfort is certainly one of the most critical. This is because it is well known that some viewers experience visual discomfort when looking at stereoscopic displays. It is important to properly address the issue of visual comfort to avoid possible delays in the deployment of 3D-TV. Here we present a concise overview of the main topics relevant to comfort in viewing stereoscopic television and survey the key factors influencing visual comfort. Potential end users of 3D-TV, content creators, program providers, broadcasters, display manufacturers and researchers will find this overview useful.
Measurement of the properties of liquids and gases using a transient hot-wire technique (1978)

A transient method of making simultaneous, in situ measurements of the thermal conductivity, volumetric specific heat, and kinematic viscosity of liquids and gases is presented. The technique utilizes the temperature response record of a fine horizontal wire, functioning as a resistance thermometer, when subjected to a sudden and constant electrical heating. It is shown that a formulation of the transient mechanisms governing the transition from pure conductive to free convective heat transfer from the wire can be used to produce simultaneous determinations of fluid properties from a single wire temperature versus time record. A simple apparatus is presented, along with the results of its use in determining the properties of air.
New paradigms for functional HIV-specific nonneutralizing antibodies (2013)

Purpose of review Although a large number of novel broadly neutralizing antibodies has been recently described, the induction of such antibodies via vaccination has proven difficult. By contrast, nonneutralizing antibodies arise early during infection and have been repeatedly associated with both protection from infection and disease progression. Recent findings We are beginning to gain new insights into the broader landscape of antiviral mechanisms that nonneutralizing antibodies may harness to fight HIV, providing an unprecedented breadth of approaches by which HIV can be blocked and contained. Summary In this review, we summarize the characteristics of nonneutralizing antibodies, their role in HIV infection, and new paradigm-shifting functions that may be exploited by next-generation vaccine approaches aimed at blocking HIV infection.
중년기 위기감 ( 1 ) : 그 시기 확인 및 사회경제적 변인들이 중년기 위기감에 미치는 영향 (1993)

본 연구는 Levinson 등이 주장하는 `중년기 위기론`을 1444명의 한국 성인남녀(남자: 666명, 여자: 778명)를 대상으로 검증하였다. 먼저 중년기 위기가 오는 시기를 규명하기 위해, 중년기 위기감과 본인연령, 첫자녀 연령, 그리고 막내자녀 연령과의 관계를 분석했으며, 사회경제적 변인들이 중년기 위기감에 미치는 영향이 분석되었다. 그 결과, 본인연령은 중년기 위기감에 대해 의미있는 설명력이 없었으나, 첫자녀와 막내자녀의 연령이 증가할수록 위기감 수준이 증가했으며, 막내자녀의 연령이 12-19세와 26-30세 사이에, 특히 26-30세 사이에 가장 높아지는 굴곡형 추세를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 성인발달이 신체적 연령보다는 사회적 연령과 더 밀접한 관계가 있으며, `40대 초반의 청소년 자녀들과 갈등을 일으키는 시기` 보다는 자녀들이 심리적으로 부모의 슬하를 떠나는 `50대의 빈둥우리에 임박한 시기`가 더욱 심각한 위기임을 말해 주고 있다. 또한 중년기 위기감에 영향을 미치는 변인의 순서는 개인의 건강수준, 수입, 성별, 학력의 순이었다.
<i>Brucella abortus</i>Strain RB51 as a Vector for Heterologous Protein Expression and Induction of Specific Th1 Type Immune Responses (2000)

Brucella abortus strain RB51 is a stable, rough, attenuated mutant widely used as a live vaccine for bovine brucellosis. Our ultimate goal is to develop strain RB51 as a preferential vector for the delivery of protective antigens of other intracellular pathogens to which the induction of a strong Th1 type of immune response is needed for effective protection. As a first step in that direction, we studied the expression of a foreign reporter protein, beta-galactosidase of Escherichia coli, and the 65-kDa heat shock protein (HSP65) of Mycobacterium bovis in strain RB51. We cloned the promoter sequences of Brucella sodC and groE genes in pBBR1MCS to generate plasmids pBBSODpro and pBBgroE, respectively. The genes for beta-galactosidase (lacZ) and HSP65 were cloned in these plasmids and used to transform strain RB51. An enzyme assay in the recombinant RB51 strains indicated that the level of beta-galactosidase expression is higher under the groE promoter than under the sodC promoter. In strain RB51 containing pBBgroE/lacZ, but not pBBSODpro/lacZ, increased levels of beta-galactosidase expression were observed after subjecting the bacteria to heat shock or following internalization into macrophage-like J774A.1 cells. Mice vaccinated with either of the beta-galactosidase-expressing recombinant RB51 strains developed specific antibodies of predominantly the immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) isotype, and in vitro stimulation of their splenocytes with beta-galactosidase induced the secretion of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), but not interleukin-4 (IL-4). A Th1 type of immune response to HSP65, as indicated by the presence of specific serum IgG2a, but not IgG1, antibodies, and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4, secretion by the specific-antigen-stimulated splenocytes, was also detected in mice vaccinated with strain RB51 containing pBBgroE/hsp65. Studies with mice indicated that expression of beta-galactosidase or HSP65 did not alter either the attenuation characteristics of strain RB51 or its vaccine efficacy against B. abortus 2308 challenge.