gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal reduction at cold temperatures by Shewanella isolates from various marine environments (2005)

Members of the genus Shewanella capable of reducing metals and forming minerals under cold-temperature conditions were isolated from 3 distinct marine habitats (the coast of Washington State, the Puget Sound, and an iron-rich microbial mat off Hawaii). Cultures of microorganisms were isolated at 8C on nutrient agar medium prepared in artificial seawater. Isolates in this study could use a wide variety of electron acceptors such as oxygen, nitrate, and metals, and reduce various metals coupled to the oxidation of several organic acids, glucose or hydrogen at temperatures down to 0C. Akaganeite was reduced to either magnetite or siderite, depending on the test conditions. The geochemical profiles at the sample sites from which these strains were isolated spanned a temperature range of 1.8 to 11C, and all showed active oxygen and nitrate reduction as well as metal reduction. This confirms previous reports that sediment microorganisms participating in biogeochemical cycles remain active at low temperatures.
Two Species of Human <i>CRK</i> cDNA Encode Proteins with Distinct Biological Activities (1992)

Two distinct human CRK cDNAs, designated CRK-I and CRK-II, were isolated from human embryonic lung cells by polymerase chain reaction and by screening of a human placenta cDNA library, respectively. CRK-I differed from CRK-II in that it lacked a 170-nucleotide sequence, suggesting that CRK-I and CRK-II were the products of alternative splicing. The amino acid sequences deduced from these two cDNAs differed in the carboxyl termini and contained one SH2 and either one or two SH3 domains. RNAse protection analysis demonstrated both CRK-I and CRK-II mRNAs in various human cells. Three CRK proteins, of 42, 40, and 28 kDa, were identified in human embryonic lung cells by means of antibodies against the SH2 region and the SH3 region of the bacterially expressed CRK-I protein. Transient expression of CRK-I and CRK-II cDNAs in COS7 cells showed that the former encoded the 28-kDa protein and the latter encoded the 40- and 42-kDa proteins. All human cell lines so far examined expressed the 40-kDa protein; however, expression of the 28- and the 42-kDa proteins was variable. In a comparison of the biological activity of the two human CRK proteins, both proteins were stably expressed in rat 3Y1 cells. All cell lines expressing CRK-I protein showed altered morphology, proliferated in soft agar, and grew as massive tumors in nude mice. Although CRK-II-expressing cells showed a slight morphologic change, they did not make colonies in soft agar or grow in nude mice. These results demonstrate that the two species of human CRK cDNA encode proteins which differ in their biological activities.
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry of Nickel in Serum, Urine, and Other Biological Materials (1970)

Abstract An atomic absorption technique is described for analysis of nickel in serum, whole blood, urine, and other biological materials. After the sample has been subjected to protein precipitation or acid digestion, nickel is extracted into methylisobutylketone as a pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate complex, and is measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The following values (mean ±SD) were obtained for nickel in specimens from healthy subjects living in central Connecticut: serum, 0.26 ± 0.08 , µg/100 ml (N = 40); whole blood, 0.48 ± 0.13 µg/100 ml (N = 17); and urine, 0.23 ± 0.14 µg/100 ml, = 2.4 ± 1.1 µg/day (N = 26). In sera obtained from 36 patients within 24 h after myocardial infarction, the mean nickel concentration was 0.51 ± 0.27 µg/100 ml (p vs. controls = 0.001). In 132 consecutive adult patients, admitted to the hospital for all diagnoses except myocardial infarction, the mean concentration of serum nickel was 0.22 ± 0.11 µg/100 ml. Measurements of serum nickel may prove to be useful in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
A 15Gb/s 0.5mW/Gb/s 2-tap DFE receiver with far-end crosstalk cancellation (2011)

In this paper, we present a low-power receiver that supports high data rates over bandwidth-limited and coupled links. The receiver employs a half-rate 2-tap speculative DFE architecture with a far-end cross-talk (FEXT) cancellation technique. Figure 25.6.1 shows the top-level architecture of the DFE receiver. Conventionally, analog taps of the equalizer are implemented using current mode summers, thus the power consumption of the DFE increases proportion ally with the number of taps. In the proposed architecture, a switched-capacitor S/H is employed to sample the input signal and combine it with the feedback coefficients at the front-end of the receiver, as shown in Fig. 25.6.2 (S/H/summer). In this design, the switched-capacitor network is modified to support two taps of DFE without any signal loss. This technique can be further extended to realize more number of taps. The extra power due to sampling capacitors, switches and voltage-mode DACs is very small.
Fake iris detection based on 3D structure of iris pattern (2010)

Abstract A new fake iris detection method based on 3D feature of iris pattern is proposed. In pervious researches, they did not consider 3D structure of iris pattern, but only used 2D features of iris image. However, in our method, by using four near infra‐red (NIR) illuminators attached on the left and right sides of iris camera, we could obtain the iris image in which the 3D structure of iris pattern could be shown distinctively. Based on that, we could determine the live or fake iris by wavelet analysis of the 3D feature of iris pattern. Experimental result showed that the Equal Error Rate (EER) of determining the live or fake iris was 0.33%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 162–166, 2010
Optimal Tap Setting of Voltage Regulation Transformers in Unbalanced Distribution Systems (2015)

In this paper, we propose a method to optimally set the tap position of voltage regulation transformers in distribution systems. We cast the problem as a rank-constrained semidefinite program (SDP), in which the transformer tap ratios are captured by 1) introducing a secondary-side “virtual” bus per transformer, and 2) constraining the values that these virtual bus voltages can take according to the limits on the tap positions. Then, by relaxing the non-convex rank-1 constraint in the rank-constrained SDP formulation, one obtains a convex SDP problem. The tap positions are determined as the ratio between the primary-side bus voltage and the secondary-side virtual bus voltage that result from the optimal solution of the relaxed SDP, and then rounded to the nearest discrete tap values. To efficiently solve the relaxed SDP, we propose a distributed algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). We present several case studies with single- and three-phase distribution systems to demonstrate the effectiveness of the distributed ADMM-based algorithm, and compare its results with centralized solution methods.
Toward efficient querying of compressed network payloads (2012)

Forensic analysts typically require access to application-layer information gathered over long periods of time to completely investigate network security incidents. Unfortunately, storing longitudinal network data is often at odds with maintaining detailed payload information due to the overhead associated with storing and querying such data. Thus, the analyst is left to choose between coarse information about long-term network activities or brief glimpses of detailed attack activity. In this paper, we take the first steps toward a storage framework for network payload information that provides a better balance between these two extremes. We take advantage of the redundancy found in network data to aggregate payload information into flexible and efficiently compressible data objects that are associated with network flows. To enable interactive querying, we introduce a hierarchical indexing structure for both the flow and payload information, which allows us to quickly prune irrelevant data and answer queries directly from the indexing information. Our empirical results on data collected from a campus network show that our approach can significantly reduce the volume of the stored data, while simultaneously preserving the ability to perform detailed queries with response times on the order of seconds.
Hydrogen production by solar thermo-chemical water splitting (2005)

A monthly distribution of net power has been obtained by taking into account receiver losses. The yearly sum of heat contained within the fluid leaving the receiver is 407 GWhth. The excess heat of the product gas is used to provide the electricity for the electrolysis. The calculations of the chemical reactions were performed for steady state at the design point of the plant, the 21st of June at noon, at which the maximum mass flow of H2 is 1627 kg/h.
Sequence Characterization and Molecular Modeling of Clinically Relevant Variants of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (2020)

The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M(pro)) is essential to viral replication and cleaves highly specific substrate sequences, making it an obvious target for inhibitor design. However, as for any virus, SARS-CoV-2 is subject to constant neutral drift and selection pressure, with new M(pro) mutations arising over time. Identification and structural characterization of M(pro) variants is thus critical for robust inhibitor design. Here we report sequence analysis, structure predictions, and molecular modeling for seventy-nine M(pro) variants, constituting all clinically observed mutations in this protein as of April 29, 2020. Residue substitution is widely distributed, with some tendency toward larger and more hydrophobic residues. Modeling and protein structure network analysis suggest differences in cohesion and active site flexibility, revealing patterns in viral evolution that have relevance for drug discovery.
An Electrochemical Oxygen and Sulfur Vapor Gauge with Pyrex as Solid Electrolyte (1971)

Electrochemical cells ; ; and are found to give emf's following the Nernst formula. The emf is attributed to the formation of or in the glass near the glass‐gas interface. After strong polarization in either direction, the cell emf returns to the value for the unperturbed system. Energies and entropies of solution of in Pyrex are shown to be close to the corresponding values for the formation of . Pyrex cells can be used as O2 or S2 pressure gauges.
Human vs. swarm: An NK landscape game (2008)

This paper describes a computer game the purpose of which is to investigate how humans interact with swarm intelligence. The game is based on an NK landscape as described by Stuart Kaufmann. It is concluded that the combination of a human-swarm team may have advantages in certain environments, such as dynamic decision making tasks. The team approach can combine computer computational power with human intuitive knowledge to provide improved performance for dynamic and complex tasks.
Extraction of event-related signals from multichannel bioelectrical measurements (2000)

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a powerful tool for separating signals from their mixtures. In this field, many algorithms were proposed, but they poorly use a priori information in order to find the desired signal. Here, we propose a fixed point algorithm which uses a priori information to find the signal of interest out of a number of sensors. We particularly applied the algorithm to cancel cardiac artifacts from a magnetoencephalogram.
Biological activities of thymosin ß <sub>4</sub> defined by active sites in short peptide sequences (2010)

Thymosin beta(4), a small ubiquitous protein containing 43 aa, has structure/function activity via its actin-binding domain and numerous biological affects on cells. Since it is the major actin-sequestering molecule in eukaryotic cells and is found essentially in all cells and body fluids, thymosin beta(4) has the potential for significant roles in tissue development, maintenance, repair, and pathology. Several active sites with unique functions have been identified, including the amino-terminal site containing 4 aa (Ac-SDKP) that generally blocks inflammation and reduces fibrosis. Another active site at the amino terminus contains 15 aa, including Ac-SDKP, and promotes cell survival and blocks apoptosis, while a short sequence containing LKKTETQ, the central actin-binding domain (aa 17-23) plus 1 additional amino acid (Q), promotes angiogenesis, wound healing, and cell migration. Several additional biological activities have been identified but not yet localized in the molecule, including its antimicrobial activity, the induction of various genes (including laminin-5, MMPs, TGF beta, zyxin, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, and angiogenesis-related proteins), and the ability to activate ILK/PINCH/Akt, and other signaling molecules important in both apoptosis and inflammatory pathways. This review details these important physiologically and pathologically active sites and their potential therapeutic uses.
Automatic calibration of an optical see-through head-mounted display for augmented reality applications in computer-assisted interventions (2004)

We are developing an optical see through head mounted display in which preoperative planning data provided by a computer aided surgery system is overlaid to the optical image of the patient. In order to cope with head movements of the surgeon the device has to be calibrated for a wide zoom and focus range. For such a calibration accurate and robust localization of a huge amount of calibration points is of utmost importance. Because of the negligible radial distortion of the optics in our device, we were able to use projective invariants for stable detection of the calibration fiducials on a planar grid. The pattern at the planar grid was designed using a different cross ratio for four consecutive points in x respectively y direction. For automated image processing we put a CCD camera behind the eye piece of the device. The resulting image was thresholded and segmented, after deleting the artefacts a Sobel edge detector was applied and the image was Hough transformed to detect the x and y axes. Then the world coordinates of fiducial points on the grid could be detected. A series of six camera calibrations with two zoom settings was done. The mean values of the errors for the two calibrations were 0.08 mm respectively 0.3 mm.
A distinctive 'microbial signature' in celiac pediatric patients (2010)

Overall, the results highlighted a peculiar microbial TTGE profile and a significant higher biodiversity in CD pediatric patients' duodenal mucosa. The possible pathophysiological role of these microbial differences needs further characterization.
Aligned genomic data compression via improved modeling (2014)

With the release of the latest Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) machine, the HiSeq X by Illumina, the cost of sequencing the whole genome of a human is expected to drop to a mere $1000. This milestone in sequencing history marks the era of affordable sequencing of individuals and opens the doors to personalized medicine. In accord, unprecedented volumes of genomic data will require storage for processing. There will be dire need not only of compressing aligned data, but also of generating compressed files that can be fed directly to downstream applications to facilitate the analysis of and inference on the data. Several approaches to this challenge have been proposed in the literature; however, focus thus far has been on the low coverage regime and most of the suggested compressors are not based on effective modeling of the data. We demonstrate the benefit of data modeling for compressing aligned reads. Specifically, we show that, by working with data models designed for the aligned data, we can improve considerably over the best compression ratio achieved by previously proposed algorithms. Our results indicate that the pareto-optimal barrier for compression rate and speed claimed by Bonfield and Mahoney (2013) [Bonfield JK and Mahoneys MV, Compression of FASTQ and SAM format sequencing data, PLOS ONE, 8(3):e59190, 2013.] does not apply for high coverage aligned data. Furthermore, our improved compression ratio is achieved by splitting the data in a manner conducive to operations in the compressed domain by downstream applications.
Manual of Clinical Hematology (1995)

Completely revised for its Third Edition, this Spiral[registered] Manual is a practical quick-reference guide for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the blood. Coverage includes leukemias, disorders of lymph nodes, bleeding disorders, anemias, and platelet disorders. The book is organized by disease type, with several chapters broken down into discussions of specific disorders. Concise and easy-to-read descriptions of each disease provide clinical recommendations and essential pathophysiological information. This edition includes a new chapter on allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation procedures for hematologic malignancies. All other chapters have been extensively revised and updated.
The formation of a virtual global bank (1996)

Banks are undergoing dramatic changes to their organization structures, operations and information systems. The banking market is also developing because information technology (IT) is enabling the banks' business customers to create new forms of organization and trade, and there is a clear trend towards the globalisation of markets and competition. Banks are responding in a variety of ways, each of which is designed to increase their ability to act internationally and more quickly. In this paper the international payments and foreign exchange markets are analysed and a case study of an international bank is presented. The traditional methods of foreign exchange dealing and subsequent payment transfer using the Society for World-wide International Funds Transfer (SWIFT) are coming under close scrutiny, and new and better ways of operating are being devised. This paper describes one approach to redesigning the international payments process. It describes the partnership strategy which is being implemented by a large international bank in cooperation with a number of regional banks, resulting in the creation of a virtual global bank. An outline is given of the evolution of the strategy, showing how a vision of the way transactions should be carried out has enabled the bank to combine its various internal strengths and develop its market network. The virtual bank system and its implementation are presented, and issues of organizational and market network change are considered. Finally the results are compared with network theory and the inter-relationships between strategy, network structure and IT are analysed.
Synthetic Studies of Amphotericin B. III. An Enantiospecific Synthesis of the C-1–C-19 Segment of the Amphotericin B Aglycon (1988)

Abstract The title compound, (3S,4S,5S,9S,11R,12R,15R,17S)-4-[(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]-1,3,5,9,11,12,15,17,19-nonahydroxy-3,5:11,12:15,17-tri-O-isopropylidene-19-O-(4-methoxybenzyl)-9-O-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methyl]-7-nonadecanone (1) was effectively synthesized through the coupling of (3S,5R,8R,9R,11S)-12-iodo-3,5:8,9-di-O-isopropylidene-1-O-(4-methoxybenzyl)-11-O-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methyl]-1,3,5,8,9,11-dodecanehexol (2) and (3S,4R,5S)-4-[(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]-3,5-O-isopropylidene-1,1-bis(methylthio)-1-trimethylstannyl-6-heptene-3,5-diol (36). The C-13–C-19 segment 36 was enantiospecifically synthesized from 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-thero-d-glycero-3-hexofuranosulose (7) via (2S,4R,5S)-5,6-epoxy-3-[(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]-1-hexen-3-ol (6a) in 11.6% overall yield.
Identification of Feasible Topologies for Multiple-Input DC–DC Converters (2009)

This letter studies single-input dc-dc converter topologies that are suitable to be expanded into their multiple-input converter version. The analysis is based on several assumptions, restrictions, and conditions, including the goal of minimizing the total number of components and the use of at least one forward-conducting bidirectional blocking switch in each input leg. These conditions may affect the outcome of the multiple-input converter synthesis and lead to different configurations from those suggested before in the literature. Although simultaneous power delivery from all sources is not required, it should be possible to independently control the power drained from each input with some degree of freedom. The letter lists four rules that must be observed in order to be able to realize a multiple-input converter from its single-input version. These rules are used to identify the only feasible input cell that complies with all assumptions and conditions. Unfeasible input cells are also shown. The letter also identifies some additional feasible input cells if some of the assumptions and conditions are relaxed. These input cells are used to suggest several multiple-input converter topologies. Among them, six topologies, including versions of the single-ended primary inductance converter and the Cuk converters, are introduced through their circuit schematic.
On the Purification of l-Ornithine Decarboxylase from Rat Prostate and Effects of Thiol Compounds on the Enzyme (1971)

Abstract The activity and stability of l-ornithine decarboxylase from rat ventral prostate is markedly increased by certain thiol compounds, notably dithiothreitol. The enzyme was purified about 300-fold. Many properties of the purified enzyme are described. In the absence of added thiol compounds, the purified ornithine decarboxylase apparently undergoes polymerization, as evidenced by its behavior on sucrose density gradients and in molecular sieving experiments. The larger forms of the enzyme appear to be catalytically inert, but can be reactivated by a number of sulfhydryl compounds, certain dithiols being superior to a number of monothiols in this respect.
Fuzzy Relative Positioning for On-Line Handwritten Stroke Analysis (2006)

This paper deals with the qualitative and robust modelling of the relative positioning of on-line handwritten strokes. We exploit the fuzzy approach to take the imprecision of such relations into account. We first transpose a well-formalized method which proved itself in the domain of image analysis to the on-line case; it aims at evaluating the relation “to be in a given direction ” relatively to a reference. Our first contribution is a solution to deal with the particular nature of on-line strokes, which are constituted of non-connected points. Our second and main contribution is a method to learn automatically fuzzy relative position relationships. It aims at evaluating the relation “to be in a given position ” relatively to a reference using jointly the direction and the distance. We test the impact of this new fuzzy positioning approach on one possible application: the recognition of handwritten graphic gestures, which requires spatial context information to be discriminated. Whereas the recognition rate is 52.95 % without any spatial information, we obtain a maximum of 95.75% when we use learnt relative position relationships.
Freeze-dried promoted and unpromoted sulfated zirconia and their catalytic potential (2001)

A new synthesis route for sulfated zirconia and iron, manganese, and iron–manganese promoted sulfated zirconia has been investigated. Zirconium hydroxide precursors were prepared from hydrogel and hydro-alcogel; freeze-drying as well as oven-drying has been employed. The pure hydroxides, sulfated, and metal promoted sulfated zirconia were calcined at 650 °C and characterised by chemical analysis, XRD, TG/DTG/DTA, nitrogen adsorption, SEM, FTIR pyridine adsorption, and ammonia TPD. The catalytic activity of the samples was screened in the double bond isomerisation of 1-butene and the benzoylation of anisole.