gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4-Oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolines. I. Syntheses and pharmacological properties of 2-methyl-3-aryl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolines and their 1-acyl derivatives (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4-Oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolines. I. Syntheses and pharmacological properties of 2-methyl-3-aryl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolines and their 1-acyl derivativesKentaro Okumura, Toyonari Oine, Yoshihisa Yamada, Goro Hayashi, and Mototaka NakamaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 2, 348–352Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00308a036Request reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (450 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural change and swelling mechanism of pH-sensitive hydrogels based on chitosan andD,L-lactic acid (1999)

Graft copolymerization of D,L-lactic acid (LA) onto chitosan (CS) was attempted without using a catalyst. pH-sensitive hydrogels were obtained which are based on two different components: a natural polymer and a synthetic polymer. These polyester substituents provide the basis for hydrophobic interactions that contribute to the formation of hydrogels. The swelling mechanisms in enzyme-free simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 2.2) or simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.4) at 37°C were investigated. Meanwhile, structural changes of the graft copolymers in the different pH buffers were studied by FTIR, and these are discussed together with the swelling mechanisms. The effect of pH on the water uptake of hydrogel was investigated by using McIlvaine buffer with the same ionic strength. The morphological change of hydrogels in different aqueous solutions is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 3186–3192, 1999
Memory requirement for routing in distributed networks (1996)

Article Free Access Share on Memory requirement for routing in distributed networks Authors: Cyril Gavoille LIP, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon LIP, École Normale Supérieure de LyonView Profile , Stéphane Pérennès I3S, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis I3S, Université de Nice-Sophia AntipolisView Profile Authors Info & Claims PODC '96: Proceedings of the fifteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computingMay 1996Pages 125–133https://doi.org/10.1145/248052.248075Published:01 May 1996Publication History 42citation321DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations42Total Downloads321Last 12 Months34Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Mechanisms underlying epileptiform burst discharge (1980)

Studies of hyperexcitable cells in alumina-gel and penicillin epileptogenic foci suggest that epileptid or triggered by a number of extrinsic factors which disrupt the normal depolarizing-hyperpolarizing balance. This paper presents the hypothesis that the most important influence for burst discharge is influx of calcium ions. This excitatory effect is modulated by synaptic inputs, hyperpolarizing conductances, cell morphology and membrane characteristics, and the extracellular milieu. The hypothesis incorporates findings from both penicillin and alumina models of epilepsy and provides experimentally testable concepts for further investigation.
Synthesis of NSC‐341,964: An unexpected study on the stability of 2‐aryl‐4<i>H</i>‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐ones (1986)

Abstract Resynthesis of NSC 341,964, which had been assigned structure 1 (1‐[[3‐(7‐chloro‐4‐oxo‐4 H ‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐2‐yl)phenyl]methyl]pyridinium chloride) was approached via 7‐chloro‐2‐(3‐methylphenyl)‐4 H ‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐one ( 5 ) obtained from 3‐methylbenzoyl chloride ( 2 ) and 2‐amino‐4‐chlorobenzoic acid ( 3 ) followed by dehydration in acetic anhydride. Radical bromination provided 6 which with pyridine afforded the bromide analog 7 of 1 . Ion exchange, however, gave ring‐opened benzoic acid 8 rather than 1 . The original sample of NSC 341,964 also proved to be ring‐opened material. However, 7 upon standing exhibited slow hydrolysis to 8 so that the structure of the original NSC 341,964 remains uncertain. A more direct route to compound 8 is also described.
Extracting Protein Regulatory Networks with Graphical Models (2007)

During the last decade the development of high-throughput biotechnologies has resulted in the production of exponentially expanding quantities of biological data, such as genomic and proteomic expression data. One fundamental problem in systems biology is to learn the architecture of biochemical pathways and regulatory networks in an inferential way from such postgenomic data. Along with the increasing amount of available data, a lot of novel statistical methods have been developed and proposed in the literature. This article gives a non-mathematical overview of three widely used reverse engineering methods, namely relevance networks, graphical Gaussian models, and Bayesian networks, whereby the focus is on their relative merits and shortcomings. In addition the reverse engineering results of these graphical methods on cytometric protein data from the RAF-signalling network are cross-compared via AUROC scatter plots.
Soilless Growth of Plants (1938)

The first complete treatise in book form on this immensely important subject which discusses thoroughly all three methods of Soilless Growth—Water Culture, Sand Culture and Sub-irrigation. Interesting, timely, and instructive both to scientists and laymen is this and comprehensive book on the art of growing plants without soil. Probably no technical development of the past decade has made a more triumphant entrance into the realm of lay science than has the soilless growth of plants. So important is this development in plant growth, that the National Resources Committee selected it as one of the few recent technical advancements likely to help fashion the future of this country. So fascinating is this method of growing flowers, vegetables and fruits, that the desire to try out this new way is spreading with phenomenal speed. This book brings within the reach of everyone a complete picture of the principles and practices of soilless growth. It was ...
2-Aryl and 2-Heteroaryl Indoles from 1-Alkynes and<i>o</i>-Iodotrifluoroacetanilide through a Domino Copper-Catalyzed Coupling−Cyclization Process (2003)

[reaction: see text] A general method for the synthesis of 2-aryl and 2-heteroaryl indoles from aryl iodides and 1-alkynes through a domino copper-catalyzed process is reported. The best results have been obtained with [Cu(phen)(PPh(3))(2)]NO(3) in the presence of K(3)PO(4) in toluene or dioxane at 110 degrees C. 2-Aryl and 2-heteroaryl indoles can also be isolated in good yields by using catalysts derived from CuI and PPh(3) in dioxane at 110 degrees C.
Monte Carlo modelling of a virtual wedge (1999)

Compared with a set of physical photon wedges, a non physical wedge (virtual or dynamic wedge), realized by a moving collimator jaw, offers an alternative that allows creation of a wedged field with any arbitrary wedge angle instead of the traditional four physical wedges (15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees and 60 degrees). It is commonly assumed that non-physical wedges do not alter the photon spectrum compared with physical wedges that introduce beam hardening and loss of dose uniformity in the unwedged direction. In this study, we investigated the influence of a virtual wedge on the photon spectra of a 6-10 MV Siemens MD2 accelerator with the Monte Carlo code EGS4/BEAM. Good agreement was obtained between calculated and measured lateral dose profiles at the depth of maximum dose and at 10 cm depth for 20 x 20 cm2 fields for 6 and 10 MV photon beams. By comparing Monte Carlo models of a physical wedge and the virtual wedge that was studied in this work, it is confirmed that the latter has an insignificant effect on the beam quality, whereas the former can introduce significant beam hardening.
Reactive half-cystine peptides of the secretory component of human exocrine immunoglobulin A. (1975)

On the basis of previous work the two forms of human secretory component, namely that which is covalently bound as a part of the exocrine immunoglobulin A molecule and the free form, are probably different states of the same protein. From autoradiographs of trypic peptide maps of bound and free secretory components which were radioactively alkylated after partial reduction, it was concluded that the same half-cystines in each are sensitive to reduction. in the present work the easily reduced half-cystines of the bound and free secretory components have been studies in more detail. In each form there are two such half-cystines. In the case of bound secretory component they provide the linkage to the remainder of the exocrine immunoglobulin A molecule. Peptides from the sensitive half-cystines were isolated from tryptic-peptic digests of free secretory component and sequenced. By diagonal electrophoresis these two peptides were shown to be joined in an intrachain disulfide bridge. Therefore, it is proposed that the exocrine immunoglobulin A molecule becomes fully assembled when a single, reactive intrachain disulfide bridge in free secretory component rearranges to yeild two interchain bridges with dimeric serum-type immunoglobulin A. This process is thought to occur within the epithelial lining cells of mucous membranes.
Research and development of rapid hydrogenation for coal conversion to synthetic motor fuels (Riser Cracking of Coal) (1976)

A bench-scale experimental reactor has been designed to define the important design parameters in the short residence-time hydrocracking of coal to synthetic motor fuels. The reactor is a 50 foot helical coil of /sup 1///sub 8/-in. Incoloy tubing that will be heated electrically. Coal feed rates will be 5 to 10 lb/hr with residence times of 1 to 10 seconds. The reactor will operate up to 2000 psig at temperatures of 900 to 1500/sup 0/F. An experimental plan has been outlined for Bench-Scale Unit Operations. Work in the first 15 months will concentrate on important parameters that would affect the design of a PDU. In due course, carrier streams other than hydrogen will be explored, such as syngas and steam. A detailed operating procedure for the bench-scale unit is included.
<scp>BCL</scp>2 and <scp>BCL</scp>xL are key determinants of resistance to antitubulin chemotherapeutics in melanoma cells (2013)

Abstract Malignant melanoma is refractory to various chemotherapeutics including antitubulin agents such as paclitaxel. Previous studies have suggested a link between β III ‐tubulin overexpression and paclitaxel resistance through alterations in the properties of the mitotic spindle. We found that paclitaxel treatment induced temporary mitotic arrest in 7 melanoma cell lines irrespective of the β III ‐tubulin level, suggesting that β III ‐tubulin had no significant influence on spindle properties. On the other hand, the amount of BCL 2, an anti‐apoptotic protein, was well correlated with paclitaxel resistance. Treatment of the paclitaxel‐resistant cell lines with ABT ‐737, an inhibitor of BCL 2 and BCL xL, or simultaneous knock‐down of BCL 2 and BCL xL dramatically increased the cells’ sensitivity, while knock‐down of MCL 1, another member of the BCL 2 family, had only a minimal effect. Our results suggest that the paclitaxel sensitivity of melanoma cells is attributable to apoptosis susceptibility rather than a change in spindle properties and that BCL 2 and BCL xL play a pivotal role in the former.
Towards a better understanding of the HTL process of lignin-rich feedstock (2021)

The hydrothermal liquefaction reactions (HTL) in subcritical conditions of a lignin residue has been studied on a lab scale. The starting material was a lignin rich residue co-produced by an industrial plant situated in Northern Italy producing lignocellulosic bioethanol. The reactions were carried out in batch mode using stainless steel autoclaves. The experiments were under the following operating conditions: two different temperatures (300-350 °C), the presence of basis catalysts (NaOH, and NH<sub>4</sub>OH) in different concentrations and the presence/absence of capping agent 2,6-bis-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol (BHT). Lignin residue and reaction products were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as CHN-S, TGA, GC-MS, EPR, and <sup>1</sup>H-NMR with (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (T.E.M.P.O.). The addition of BHT did not significantly affect the yield of char which is formed by radical way. Spectroscopic analysis indicated that the level of radicals during the reaction was negligible. Therefore, the results obtained experimentally suggest that the reaction takes place via an ionic route while radical species would play a minor role.
Epipolar sampling for shadows and crepuscular rays in participating media with single scattering. (2010)

Scattering in participating media, such as fog or haze, generates volumetric lighting effects known as crepuscular or god rays. Rendering such effects greatly enhances the realism in virtual scenes, but is inherently costly as scattering events occur at every point in space and thus it requires costly integration of the light scattered towards the observer. This is typically done using ray marching which is too expensive for every pixel on the screen for interactive applications. We propose a rendering technique for textured light sources in single-scattering media, that draws from the concept of epipolar geometry to place samples in image space: the inscattered light varies orthogonally to crepuscular rays, but mostly smoothly along these rays. These are epipolar lines of a plane of light rays that projects onto one line on the image plane. Our method samples sparsely along epipolar lines and interpolates between samples where adequate, but preserves high frequency details that are caused by shadowing of light rays. We show that our method is very simple to implement on the GPU, yields high quality images, and achieves high frame rates.
Efficient trans-Splicing of Mutated Spliced Leader Exons in Leishmania tarentolae (1998)

Every kinetoplastid mRNA receives a common, conserved leader sequence via the process of trans-splicing. In Leishmania tarentolae the precursor spliced leader RNA is 96 nucleotides, with a 39-nucleotide exon that is 7meG-capped and methylated on the first 4 nucleotides. trans-Splicing was inferred from the presence of tagged leader in the high molecular weight RNA population and confirmed for accuracy by cDNA cloning. Linker scan substitutions within the exon between positions 10 and 39 did not affect trans-splicing. The trans-splicing efficiency for three of the scan exons was proportional to the tagged:wild type ratio in the spliced leader precursor population. Two scan leader RNAs that were efficiently spliced showed reduced methylation. Longer exons showed reduced splicing, whereas 10- or 20-base pair deletions abolished splicing. These results indicate that size, but not content, of the exon is a constraint on the splicing process. These results, in combination with previous data eliminating a role in transcription initiation, suggest that translation may be the selective pressure on the leader content.
Temperature referenced supply voltage and forward-body-bias control (TSFC) architecture for minimum power consumption [ubiquitous computing processors] (2004)

A temperature referenced supply voltage and forward-body-bias (FBB) control architecture for ubiquitous computing processors is proposed. The architecture can minimize power consumption at all temperatures by using our discovered FBB self-feedback effect. The effect is that low temperature forces the FBB-controlled LSI to increase its performance. The TSFC reduced power consumption by 28% without any performance degradation compared with the conventional FBB technique. We also found and analyzed the dual parasitic bipolar modes in the FBB system by evaluating a test chip fabricated in 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Moreover, the influence of supply and substrate wire resistances in the FBB system was found to be not significant. The TSFC architecture is effective for achieving ubiquitous computing LSIs.
EmoBank: Studying the Impact of Annotation Perspective and Representation Format on Dimensional Emotion Analysis (2017)

We describe EMOBANK, a corpus of 10k English sentences balancing multiple genres, which we annotated with dimensional emotion metadata in the Valence-Arousal-Dominance (VAD) representation format. EMOBANK excels with a bi-perspectival and bi-representational design. On the one hand, we distinguish between writer's and reader's emotions, on the other hand, a subset of the corpus complements dimensional VAD annotations with categorical ones based on Basic Emotions. We find evidence for the supremacy of the reader's perspective in terms of IAA and rating intensity, and achieve close-to-human performance when mapping between dimensional and categorical formats.
The synchronous languages 12 years later (2003)

Twelve years ago, Proceedings of the IEEE devoted a special section to the synchronous languages. This paper discusses the improvements, difficulties, and successes that have occured with the synchronous languages since then. Today, synchronous languages have been established as a technology of choice for modeling, specifying, validating, and implementing real-time embedded applications. The paradigm of synchrony has emerged as an engineer-friendly design method based on mathematically sound tools.
Water in silica glass (1961)

A. J. Moulson and J. P. Roberts, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1961, 57, 1208 DOI: 10.1039/TF9615701208
The Neutrino (1949)

Probably the most obvious reason for introducing the concept of the neutrino is the need for the conservation of momentum and energy in beta decay.
Efficacy of a Novel Trivalent Inactivated Vaccine Against the Shedding of Salmonella in a Chicken Challenge Model (2009)

The safety and efficacy of a novel trivalent inactivated Salmonella vaccine consisting of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), and Salmonella Infantis (SI) was evaluated with chickens. Chickens were injected subcutaneously with 0.5 ml per dose of the vaccine with an oil adjuvant. To assess the efficacy of the vaccine, vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens were challenged by oral inoculation of SE, ST, SI, and Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) virulent strains 4 wk after vaccination. The vaccinated chickens showed no clinical abnormalities, and the body weight gain after vaccination was comparable to that of unvaccinated chickens. The shedding of SE from the vaccinated chickens at 4, 7, 10, and 14 days postchallenge were significantly reduced in comparison with those of the unvaccinated chickens. The efficacy of the vaccine against ST and SI was comparable to that against SE. The shedding of SH at 4, 7, 10, and 14 days postchallenge was also significantly reduced in the vaccinated chickens compared with those in the unvaccinated suggesting that the vaccine could be effective against different serotype strains having O antigens homologous to those of the vaccine strains. These results suggest that the novel trivalent inactivated vaccine can be an effective tool for controlling the Salmonella infections of O4, O7, and O9 groups in chicken farms.
Evolutionary fuzzy neural networks automatic design of rule based controllers of nonlinear delayed systems (2002)

An evolutionary fuzzy neural network (EFNN) is used for automatic design of rule base controllers of nonlinear delayed systems. The ideal rule base for thermal regulation is designed for a Cartesian and radial partition of the error state space. New solutions for closed-loop controller learning and the rule base adjustment of delayed systems are proposed. We show that this adjustment is an anticlockwise rotation of the rule base mapping over the error state space. The structure of a controller using EFNN for nonlinear and delayed thermal regulation converges to the advanced hypothesis.
NGL02-3: Price-Sensitive Application Adaptation in Deadline-Based Networks (2006)

In deadline-based networks, the delay performance experienced by real-time data transfer largely depends on traffic deadlines and the load level along the data transfer path. To ensure fairness among users and to aid in network load control, a delay pricing and charging scheme was developed for realtime delivery in deadline-based networks; users experiencing different delay performance are charged differently and the charge is higher when the load is heavier. In response to an earlier charge, a price-sensitive adaptive application with limited budget constraints may adjust its traffic accordingly by varying traffic deadline requirements or traffic load intensity. We study the effect of application adaptation in two real-time traffic scenarios: discrete real-time documents, and a mixture of on-line game and multimedia traffic. We show through simulation that the aforementioned pricing and charging scheme easily enables user adaptation, which in turn may significantly improve the network delay performance.
Comparison of Conventional and Molecular Methods for Identification of Aerobic Catalase-Negative Gram-Positive Cocci in the Clinical Laboratory (2004)

Over a period of 18 months we have evaluated the use of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis as a means of identifying aerobic catalase-negative gram-positive cocci in the clinical laboratory. A total of 171 clinically relevant strains were studied. The results of molecular analyses were compared with those obtained with a commercially available phenotypic identification system (API 20 Strep system; bioMérieux sa, Marcy l'Etoile, France). Phenotypic characterization identified 67 (39%) isolates to the species level and 32 (19%) to the genus level. Seventy-two (42%) isolates could not be discriminated at any taxonomic level. In comparison, 16S rDNA sequencing identified 138 (81%) isolates to the species level and 33 (19%) to the genus level. For 42 of 67 isolates assigned to a species with the API 20 Strep system, molecular analyses yielded discrepant results. Upon further analysis it was concluded that among the 42 isolates with discrepant results, 16S rDNA sequencing was correct for 32 isolates, the phenotypic identification was correct for 2 isolates, and the results for 8 isolates remained unresolved. We conclude that 16S rDNA sequencing is an effective means for the identification of aerobic catalase-negative gram-positive cocci. With the exception of Streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-hemolytic streptococci, we propose the use of 16S rDNA sequence analysis if adequate species identification is of concern.