gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Temperature and High Pressure ESP Performance Testing System Design (2013)

With the development of oilfield exploration, the performance of electric submersible pump (ESP) has been enhanced very fast. It requires testing techniques develop at the same time. The most outstanding question is the testing of high temperature and pressure ESP. A testing well was drilled in Daqing in 1992. It keeps the water liquid state on 150 centigrade by high pressure. This system can simulate operational mode 3000 meters under the ground. But many new ESPs have been produced these years. The quondam testing system couldnt meet the testing requirement. A new testing system is desiderated eagerly. This paper developed a high temperature and pressure ESP testing experimentation system. Hydraulic/thermodynamic analysis calculation has been carried on. Friction resistance from constant pressure point to the suction inlet of hot water pump and the ESP in heating-forced cycle and experimentation primary cycle are calculated respectively. Keeping the water liquid state on 180 centigrade, constant pressure value was fixed on 2.5 MPa. The heat load is calculated including the heat that the water in the system and the equipment need and the heat loss. In order to protect ESP from emanating too much heat to keep the temperature and pressure of the system steady, heat exchange system has been designed. Cold load and heat exchange square have been calculated. Friction resistance and the size of the cold water cistern have been calculated. These provide necessary academic foundation for the testing experimentation of high temperature and pressure ESP.
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis in L Cells Infected with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (1972)

The inhibition of protein synthesis in L cells by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) requires the synthesis of new protein subsequent to virus infection. However, two mechanisms may be involved in the inhibition of cell protein synthesis by VSV: an initial, multiplicity-dependent, ultraviolet-insensitive inhibition and a progressive, ultraviolet-sensitive inhibition.
Electrochemical reduction of di-Schiff bases. Synthesis of piperazines, indoloindoles, diazepines, and diazocines (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical reduction of di-Schiff bases. Synthesis of piperazines, indoloindoles, diazepines, and diazocinesRussell W. Koch and Raymond E. DessyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 23, 4452–4459Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00144a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00144a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views572Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aquaporin-4 Expression in Cultured Astrocytes after Fluid Percussion Injury (2011)

The development of cytotoxic brain edema resulting in increased intracranial pressure is a major cause of death occurring in the early phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Such edema predominantly develops as a consequence of astrocyte swelling. We recently documented that fluid percussion injury (FPI) to cultured astrocytes causes cell swelling. Since aquaporin-4 (AQP4) has been strongly implicated in the development of brain edema/astrocyte swelling in various neurological conditions, this study examined the effect of in vitro trauma on AQP4 protein expression in cultured astrocytes. Exposure of astrocytes to FPI resulted in a significant upregulation of AQP4 protein in the plasma membrane due to neosynthesis, as cycloheximide blocked the trauma-induced AQP4 upregulation. Silencing the aqp4 gene by siRNA resulted in a significant reduction in trauma-induced astrocyte swelling, indicating a critical role of AQP4 in this process. We recently documented that oxidative/nitrative stress (ONS), the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), contribute to trauma-induced astrocyte swelling in culture. We now show that inhibition of these factors reduces the upregulation of AQP4 following trauma. Since TBI has been shown to activate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), as well as the Na(+),K(+),Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC), both of which are implicated in brain edema/astrocyte swelling in other conditions, we also examined the effect of BAY 11-7082 and bumetanide, inhibitors of NF-κB and NKCC, respectively, and found that these agents also significantly inhibited the trauma-induced AQP4 upregulation. Our findings show that in vitro trauma upregulates AQP4, and that ONS, MAPKs, mPT, NF-κB, and NKCC are involved in its upregulation.
Chemical composition and antigenotoxic properties of Lippia alba essential oils (2011)

The present work evaluated the chemical composition and the DNA protective effect of the essential oils (EOs) from Lippia alba against bleomycin-induced genotoxicity. EO constituents were determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. The major compounds encountered being citral (33% geranial and 25% neral), geraniol (7%) and trans-β-caryophyllene (7%) for L. alba specimen COL512077, and carvone (38%), limonene (33%) and bicyclosesquiphellandrene (8%) for the other, COL512078. The genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of EO and the compounds citral, carvone and limonene, were assayed using the SOS Chromotest in Escherichia coli. The EOs were not genotoxic in the SOS chromotest, but one of the major compound (limonene) showed genotoxicity at doses between 97 and 1549 mM. Both EOs protected bacterial cells against bleomycin-induced genotoxicity. Antigenotoxicity in the two L. alba chemotypes was related to the major compounds, citral and carvone, respectively. The results were discussed in relation to the chemopreventive potential of L. alba EOs and its major compounds.
Error control coding (1995)

Error control coding (ECC) is a signal processing technique that protects digital information against transmission and storage errors. Codes that combat randomly distributed errors are called random-error correcting codes. Codes that cope with errors that are clustered together are known as burst-error correcting codes. When data is presented as a stream of binary numbers, bit-oriented codes may be applied. In contrast to this, data might be arranged as words, where each word includes a number of bits. Codes that operate on words are said to be word-oriented codes. The article is limited to linear bit-oriented block codes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
1'-Derivatives of sucrose and their acid hydrolysis (1980)

Syntheses of 1'-chloro-1'-deoxy- and 1'-deoxy-sucrose are described. Several routes were investigated, the most successful being through 6,1',6'-tri-O-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl)sucrose. Attempts to prepare 1'-deoxy-1'-fluorosucrose were unsuccessful. The rates of the acid-catalysed hydrolysis of 1'-chloro-1'-deoxysucrose and of 1'- deoxysucrose have been measured. These values are compared with that for sucrose itself. The mechanism of the hydrolyses is discussed.
LH*RE with Cached Encryption Keys: A Scalable Distributed Data Structure with Recoverable Encryption (2008)

LH*RE is a Scalable Distributed Data Structure, first described in [JLS8]. We designed it to store many records protected through key encryption in a scalable file. As often, key management and in particular preventing the loss of keys is of utmost importance. LH*RE is an LH*‐scheme, hence stores records on behalf of clients on any number of servers addressed through the scalable distributed hashing of the record identifiers. LH*RE client encrypts each record using client chosen secret key cryptography. The client also encodes each key using the secret‐sharing. Shares are stored at servers, different for each share and randomly chosen. The client chooses the secret size, i.e., the number of shares. An attacker of a key has to locate all the secret‐sharing servers. The task appears overwhelming for an LH*RE file, typically on many servers. An authorized user may recover or revoke in contrast rather rapidly every key, lost, corrupted or of a missing encryptor. LH*RE frees in this way the users from the well‐known daring chores of the client‐side key maintenance. The LH*RE description in [JLS8] specifies a basic scheme and sketches variants for future work. The basic scheme uses a new encryption key for every record, minimizing the number of disclosed records if the unthinkable happened. The storage overhead of encryption, while different for each variant, is always negligible. The basic scheme has the highest insert, update, delete, and search message count costs. In [JLS8a], we analyze a variant lowering search and update costs. Below, we discuss next variant lowering also record insert and delete message count costs. The overall result is the message count per operation of basic LH*, i.e., without any encryption related message count overhead. For some applications, this may be a compelling advantage. The client caches the encryption key space with, at will, a single key for all the records or with a large number, e.g., a million keys. The key space can scale, as well as the secret size. We discuss the scheme algorithmic, performance and design criteria, including the rationale for choosing the key space size.
Prophylaxis and Therapy for Chikungunya Virus Infection (2009)

Administration of CHIKV immunoglobulins may constitute a safe and efficacious prevention strategy and treatment for individuals exposed to CHIKV who are at risk of severe infection, such as neonates born to viremic mothers and adults with underlying conditions. These results provide a proof-of-concept for purifying human immunoglobulins from plasma samples from patients in the convalescent phase of an emerging infectious disease for which neither prevention nor treatment is available.
Potentiation of the bioavailability of daidzin by an extract of Radix puerariae. (1996)

The dose effect of pure daidzin on the suppression of ethanol intake in Syrian golden hamsters was compared with that of crude daidzin contained in a methanol extract of Radix puerariae (RP). EC50 values estimated from the graded dose-response curves for pure daidzin and RP extract daidzin are 23 and 2.3 mg per hamster per day, respectively. Apparently the antidipsotropic activity of the RP extract cannot be accounted for solely by its daidzin content (22 mg/g). In addition to daidzin, six other isoflavones were identified in the RP extract and quantified--namely, puerarin (160 mg per g of extract), genistin (3.7 mg/g), daidzein (2.6 mg/g), daidzein-4',7-diglucoside (1.2 mg/g), genistein (0.2 mg/g), and formononetin (0.16 mg/g). None of these, administered either alone or combined, contributes in any significant way to the antidipsotropic activity of the extract. Plasma daidzin concentration-time curves determined in hamsters administered various doses of pure daidzin or RP extract by i.p.injection indicate that the crude extract daidzin has approximately 10 times greater bioavailability than the pure compound. Reconstruction of the dose-response effects for pure and crude daidzin using bioavailable daidzin rather than administered dose gives a single curve. Synthetic daidzin added to the RP extract acquires the bioavailability of the endogenous daidzin that exists naturally in the extract. These results show that (i) daidzin is the major active principle in methanol extracts of RP, and (ii) additional constituents in the methanol extract of RP assist uptake of daidzin in golden hamsters.
A comparison of the Hammett acidity function method for determination of pKa values with the Bunnett-Olsen and excess acidity function methods (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA comparison of the Hammett acidity function method for determination of pKa values with the Bunnett-Olsen and excess acidity function methodsC. David Johnson and Belinda StrattonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 21, 4798–4800Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00230a030Request reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (423 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rhenium-catalysed hydroboration of aldehydes and aldimines (2017)

The first examples for the rhenium-catalysed hydroboration of aldehydes, ketones and aldimines, including heteroaromatic quinoline, are reported herein. Reactions are remarkably chemoselective and tolerant of several functional groups. A wide array of rhenium complexes were efficient pre-catalysts for these hydroborations, including new low-valent complexes of the formula [Re(N-N)(CO)<sub>3</sub>(L)]X (N-N = bipy derivative, L = labile ligand/solvent, and X = [BAr<sup>F</sup><sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup> and [B(3,5-di-tBu-cat)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup>), which have been characterized fully including an X-ray diffraction study for [Re(bipy)(CO)<sub>3</sub>(quin)][BAr<sup>F</sup><sub>4</sub>] (2). A new silver spiroboronate ester Ag[B(3,5-di-tBu-cat)<sub>2</sub>](NCCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (3) was prepared and characterized fully, including an X-ray diffraction study, and used to make one of the new rhenium complexes.
Comparison of 2D and 3D performance for FDG PET with different acquisition times in oncological patients (2009)

The new reconstruction method produces images of similar or better quality with 3D compared with 2D mode. The difference is pronounced in small lesions and in obese patients. According to our study, 3D is the preferred acquisition mode for routine whole-body evaluation of oncological patients.
The effect of filler parameters on the healing of thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of a thermal interface material based on a self-healable organic–inorganic polymer matrix (2016)

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are widely used in all kinds of electronic devices to handle the heat dissipation and the mechanical anchoring of the heat producing component. The aging of TIMs may lead to delamination and internal crack formation causing a loss of heat transfer and mechanical integrity both leading to premature device failure. In the present work, a novel TIM system based on a self-healing organic–inorganic polymer matrix filled with spherical glass beads is presented which is capable of healing both the thermal conductivity and the mechanical properties upon thermal activation. The effect of particle volume concentration (PVC) and particle size on tensile strength and thermal conductivity healing behavior is investigated. The results show that a higher PVC increases the mechanical property but decreases mechanical healing. For the same PVC, bigger particles lead to lower mechanical properties but higher thermal conductivities and higher mechanical healing efficiencies.
Identification of Functional Domains of Rat Intestinal Phospholipase B/Lipase (1998)

A cDNA encoding a rat intestinal Ca<sup>2+</sup>-independent phospholipase B/lipase (PLB/LIP) was cloned from an ileac mucosa cDNA library using a probe amplified by polymerase chain reaction based on the purified enzyme's sequence. PLB/LIP consists of an NH<sub>2</sub>-terminal signal peptide, four tandem repeats of about 350 amino acids each, and a hydrophobic domain near the COOH terminus. The enzyme purified previously was found to be derived from the second repeat part. To examine the function of each domain, the full-length PLB/LIP, individual repeats, and a protein lacking the COOH-terminal hydrophobic stretch were expressed in COS-7 cells. The results showed that the second repeat, but not the other repeats, had all the activities (phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>, lysophospholipase, and lipase) found in the purified natural and expressed full-length enzymes, suggesting repeat 2 is a catalytic domain. The full-length enzyme was mainly present in membrane fractions and efficiently solubilized by treatment with 1% Triton X-100, but not with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. Deletion of the COOH-terminal hydrophobic stretch caused the secretion of >90% of synthesized PLB/LIP into culture media. These results suggest the hydrophobic domain is not replaced by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor but serves as a membrane anchor directly. A message of the full-length PLB/LIP was abundantly expressed in the ileum and also, in a smaller, but significant amount, in the esophagus and testis. Immunohistochemistry showed that PLB/LIP is localized in brush border membranes of the absorptive cells, Paneth cells, and acrosomes of spermatid, suggesting its roles related and unrelated to intestinal digestion.
Expression of the yeast PHR1 gene is induced by DNA-damaging agents. (1990)

The PHR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a photolyase which repairs specifically and exclusively pyrimidine dimers, the most frequent lesions induced in DNA by far-UV radiation. We have asked whether expression of PHR1 is modulated in response to UV-induced DNA damage and to DNA-damaging agents that induce lesions structurally dissimilar to pyrimidine dimers. Using a PHR1-lacZ fusion gene in which expression of beta-galactosidase is regulated by PHR1 5' regulatory elements, we found that exposure of cells to 254-nm light, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, methyl methanesulfonate, and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine induced synthesis of increased amounts of fusion protein. In contrast to these DNA-damaging agents, neither heat shock nor exposure to photoreactivating light elicited a response. Induction by far-UV radiation was evident both when the fusion gene was carried on a multicopy plasmid and when it replaced the endogenous chromosomal copy of PHR1, and it was accompanied by an increase in the steady-state concentration of PHR1-lacZ mRNA. Northern (RNA) blot analysis of PHR1 mRNA encoded by the chromosomal locus was consistent with either enhanced transcription of PHR1 after DNA damage or stabilization of the transcripts. Neither the intact PHR1 or RAD2 gene was required for induction. Comparison of the region of PHR1 implicated in regulation of its expression with other damage-inducible genes from yeast cells revealed a common conserved sequence that is present in the PHR1, RAD2, and RNR2 genes and is required for damage inducibility of the latter two genes. These sequences may constitute elements of a damage-responsive regulon in S. cerevisiae.
Extremely low on-resistance enhancement-mode GaN-based HFET using Ge-doped regrowth technique (2014)

In this paper, we present a normally-off GaN-based transistor with extremely low on-state resistance fabricated by using Ge-doped n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">++</sup> GaN layer for ohmic contact. We developed a new GaN regrowth technique using Ge, which achieved extremely high doping level of 1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> , and thereby the lowest specific contact resistance of 1.5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> Ω·cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Selectively deposited NiO gate using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) technique contributed to shorten the spacing between source and drain, making normally-off characteristics even with the 30% Al mole fraction of AlGaN. The fabricated device showed the record-breaking R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> of 0.95 Ω·mm with maximum drain current (I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d,MAX</sup> ) and transconductance (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ) of 1.1 A/mm and 490 mS/mm, respectively. It is noted that the obtained V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> was 0.55 V. An on/off current ratio of 5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> is also achieved.
Models for Plasma Glucose, HbA1c, and Hemoglobin Interrelationships in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Following Tesaglitazar Treatment (2008)

Pharmacokinetic (PK) pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling was applied to understand and quantitate the interplay between tesaglitazar (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma agonist) exposure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin (Hb), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetic patients. Data originated from a 12-week dose-ranging study with tesaglitazar. The primary objective was to develop a mechanism-based PD model for the FPG-HbA1c relationship. The secondary objective was to investigate possible mechanisms for the tesaglitazar effect on Hb. Following initiation of tesaglitazar therapy, time to new FPG steady state was approximately 9 weeks, and tesaglitazar potency in females was twice that in males. The model included aging of red blood cells (RBCs) using a transit compartment approach. The RBC life span was estimated to 135 days. The transformation from RBC to HbA1c was modeled as an FPG-dependent process. The model indicated that the tesaglitazar effect on Hb was caused by hemodilution of RBCs.