gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolithic 2D-VCSEL array with >2 W CWand >5 W pulsed output power (1998)

CW output power in excess of 2 W and pulsed output exceeding 5 W were obtained from a monolithic two-dimensional vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array. These are the highest CW and pulsed powers achieved from a monolithic VCSEL structure to date.
Multifunctional Patchy Particles by Glancing Angle Deposition (2009)

The application of glancing angle deposition (GLAD) as a means to produce a variety of multifunctional patchy particles is reported. The GLAD technique has been previously used to produce anisotropic particles with an anisotropy dimension of "patchiness". Here, we extend the technique to produce multifunctional patchy particles with anisotropy dimensions of "patchiness", "branching", and "chemical ordering". To access the entire particle surface, a particle stamping technique is employed using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp. The particle stamping technique along with GLAD yields multifunctional patchy particles having patches on opposite poles. The potential of the developed techniques in producing a wide variety of surface-anisotropic particles with variable patch size, shape, and orientation is demonstrated.
A Protein Sequence Analysis Hardware Accelerator Based on Divergences (2012)

The Viterbi algorithm is one of the most used dynamic programming algorithms for protein comparison and identification, based on hidden markov Models (HMMs). Most of the works in the literature focus on the implementation of hardware accelerators that act as a prefilter stage in the comparison process. This stage discards poorly aligned sequences with a low similarity score and forwards sequences with good similarity scores to software, where they are reprocessed to generate the sequence alignment. In order to reduce the software reprocessing time, this work proposes a hardware accelerator for the Viterbi algorithm which includes the concept of divergence, in which the region of interest of the dynamic programming matrices is delimited. We obtained gains of up to 182x when compared to unaccelerated software. The performance measurement methodology adopted in this work takes into account not only the acceleration achieved by the hardware but also the reprocessing software stage required to generate the alignment.
An inherently linear and compact MOST-only current division technique (1992)

A technique is presented for dividing currents accurately and linearly by using MOS transistors only. This technique is valid in all operating regions of an MOS transistor. With this technique, a volume control circuit is realized with an attenuation of 0 to -84 dB in steps of 2 dB. The measured THD is better than -85 dB and the dynamic range is better than 100 dB. The chip is realized in a standard digital CMOS process and chip area is 0.22 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Liquid crystal aberration compensation devices</title> (2000)

The application of aberration compensation devices can support the trend to higher information densities in optical data storage. The information content of a disc may be increased while maintaining acceptable tolerance levels. For example, disc tilt dependence may require coma compensation, whereas double layer formats require spherical aberration compensation. Liquid crystals (LCs) can be successfully applied in such devices. The design of two practical implementations is discussed; a coma compensating LC-cell with special electrode-design for optimized tolerances w.r.t. decentering, and a lens made of photopolymerizable LC, which can be used to compensate for spherical aberration.
High-level iodination of monoclonal antibody fragments for radiotherapy. (1984)

Two different murine monoclonal antibody Fab fragments specific for p97, a melanoma-associated antigen, were labeled with I-131 at high activity levels without excessive chemical damage. Up to 20 mg of Fab were labeled with up to 300 mCi of I-131 using the chloramine-T method and large working volumes at room temperature. As much as 90% of the initial activity was recovered as labeled product. The labeled Fabs varied in their sensitivity to radioiodination damage, as measured by an in vitro cell-binding assay. Radioiodination was performed safely using a remote iodination apparatus. The final product was of radiopharmaceutical quality suitable for clinical diagnosis and experimental radiotherapy in humans.
YKT6 as a second SNARE protein of mammalian autophagosomes (2018)

Mammalian autophagosomes possess the Qa-SNARE STX17 (syntaxin 17) for fusion with lysosomes. However, STX17 is not absolutely required for fusion because STX17 knockout cells partially retain autophagosome-lysosome fusion activity. We recently identified YKT6, an R-SNARE, as another autophagosomal SNARE protein that acts independently of STX17 in mammals. Here, we discuss the features and functions of autophagosomal SNARE proteins by comparing STX17 and YKT6. Abbreviations: SNARE, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; STX17, syntaxin 17.
Bacterial degradation of the nitrobenzoic acids (1959)

Recent work on the dissimilation of nitrate by micro-organisms and plants suggests that, during reduction to the amino level, nitrite is 'fixed' as an organic nitro derivative (de la The existence of enzyme systems capable of meta- bolizing nitro compounds in liver In none of the three systems mentioned was there prior contact with environmental nitro compounds, so that adaptation to these materials could not explain the presence ofnitro-metabolizing enzymes.
Biss in Den Sauren Apfel: Zu den Arbeitsbedingungen vom Apple-Lieferanten Foxconn in China (2019)

This article is written in English and then translated in German
Reprogramming adult dermis to a neonatal state through epidermal activation of β-catenin (2011)

Hair follicle formation depends on reciprocal epidermal-dermal interactions and occurs during skin development, but not in adult life. This suggests that the properties of dermal fibroblasts change during postnatal development. To examine this, we used a PdgfraEGFP mouse line to isolate GFP-positive fibroblasts from neonatal skin, adult telogen and anagen skin and adult skin in which ectopic hair follicles had been induced by transgenic epidermal activation of β-catenin (EF skin). We also isolated epidermal cells from each mouse. The gene expression profile of EF epidermis was most similar to that of anagen epidermis, consistent with activation of β-catenin signalling. By contrast, adult dermis with ectopic hair follicles more closely resembled neonatal dermis than adult telogen or anagen dermis. In particular, genes associated with mitosis were upregulated and extracellular matrix-associated genes were downregulated in neonatal and EF fibroblasts. We confirmed that sustained epidermal β-catenin activation stimulated fibroblasts to proliferate to reach the high cell density of neonatal skin. In addition, the extracellular matrix was comprehensively remodelled, with mature collagen being replaced by collagen subtypes normally present only in developing skin. The changes in proliferation and extracellular matrix composition originated from a specific subpopulation of fibroblasts located beneath the sebaceous gland. Our results show that adult dermis is an unexpectedly plastic tissue that can be reprogrammed to acquire the molecular, cellular and structural characteristics of neonatal dermis in response to cues from the overlying epidermis.
Two-Sided Matching (1990)

Two-sided matching provides a model of search processes such as those between firms and workers in labor markets or between buyers and sellers in auctions. This book gives a comprehensive account of recent results concerning the game-theoretic analysis of two-sided matching. The focus of the book is on the stability of outcomes, on the incentives that different rules of organization give to agents, and on the constraints that these incentives impose on the ways such markets can be organized. The results for this wide range of related models and matching situations help clarify which conclusions depend on particular modeling assumptions and market conditions, and which are robust over a wide range of conditions.
Prostaglandin E2 and Bradykinin contribute to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma carcinogenesis via EGFR dependent and independent mechanisms. (2005)

169 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is upregulated in majority of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and tumors. Overexpression of EGFR increases cellular proliferation and is associated with decreased survival. EGFR inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of several cancers including HNSCC. The anti-tumor efficacies of EGFR inhibitors depend upon several factors including the status of activating mutations of EGFR in tumors. The mechanisms that tumor cells employ to circumvent the effects of EGFR inhibition would be of primary importance in developing novel therapeutic strategies. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are present on many cell types. Recently others and we have demonstrated that GPCR ligands promote tumor cell growth via activation of the EGFR pathway. In this study we have investigated the effect of GPCR-ligands prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and bradykinin (BK) on HNSCC tumorigenesis. Both GPCR ligands stimulated growth of HNSCC cells in vitro. In addition an increase in EGFR and MAPK activation was observed by immunoblotting. EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduced GPCR-ligand-mediated MAPK activation indicating that GPCRs activate MAPK at least in part, via EGFR phosphorylation. Blocking the extracellular domain of EGFR with antibody C225, reduced GPCR-mediated MAPK activation indicating that extracellular ligand binding to the EGFR is required to trigger the EGFR-axis. We further demonstrate that EGFR ligand TGF-α but not HB-EGF is involved in GPCR-mediated EGFR activation and that EGFR ligand release is mediated by matrix metalloproteases. To delineate the pathways triggered by GPCR ligand stimulation independent of EGFR, we downmodulated EGFR with a siRNA approach followed by GPCR ligand stimulation. Activation of MAPK and STAT3 was partially inhibited on EGFR downmodulation. Activation of Akt however was completely abrogated on EGFR siRNA treatment. Thus, GPCR ligands stimulate Akt primarily via EGFR and STAT3 and MAPK via EGFR dependent as well as independent mechanisms. HNSCC cells were tested in cytotoxicity assays for sensitivity to EGFR inhibitor ZD1839 and BK antagonist CU201. HNSCC cells were sensitive to both inhibitors ZD1839 (IC50 of 10 μM) and CU201 (8 μM). Combined blockade of both EGFR and GPCR pathways at low inhibitor concentrations (3μM ZD1839 and 4μM CU201 respectiely) resulted in additive inhibitory effects on HNSCC cell growth compared to either treatment alone. This is consistent with the finding that pathways downstream of both EGFR and GPCR may contribute to HNSCC tumor growth. Combined blockade of both EGFR and GPCRs may be a rational strategy to treat cancers that demonstrate activation of EGFR by GPCRs including HNSCC.
Experimental studies at Southern Research Institute with DTIC (NSC-45388). (1976)

Several years ago the diazotization of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide was found to give an internal diazonium salt, 5-diazoimidazole-4-carboxamide, which demonstrated marginal activity against some murine neoplasms. In an effort to improve this activity and develop a clinically useful agent, this compound was converted to a number of derivatives including DTIC, an agent that showed encouraging activity against a variety of rodent neoplasms. Studies carried out at Southern Research Institute on the chemistry, metabolism, and biologic activity of DTIC and its congeners are discussed briefly.
Type 1 and type 2 cytokine regulation of macrophage endocytosis: differential activation by IL-4/IL-13 as opposed to IFN-gamma or IL-10. (1999)

Cytokine regulation of endocytic activity in primary human macrophages was studied to define ultrastructural changes and mechanisms of pinocytic regulation associated with cytokines secreted by activated T cells. The effects of IFN-gamma (type 1) and IL-4/IL-13 and IL-10 (type 2) cytokines on fluid phase and mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis were assessed by horseradish peroxidase and colloidal gold-BSA uptake and computer-assisted morphometric analysis. IL-4 and IL-13 enhanced fluid phase pinocytosis and mannose receptor-mediated uptake by activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Inhibition of actin assembly showed that both cytokines exerted actin-dependent and -independent effects. Ultrastructurally, IL-4 and IL-13 increased tubular vesicle formation underneath the plasma membrane and at pericentriolar sites, concurrent with decreased particle sorting to lysosomes. By contrast, IL-10 or IFN-gamma decreased both fluid phase pinocytosis and mannose receptor-mediated uptake. IFN-gamma stimulated increased particle sorting to perinuclear lysosomes, while IL-10 decreased this activity. In summary, our data document differential effects on macrophage endocytic functions by type 1 or type 2 cytokines associated with induction and effector pathways in immunity.
Control of shape memory alloy actuator using pulse width modulation (2003)

Shape memory alloys (SMA), in particular nickel–titanium alloy (or nitinol), have been used as actuators in some astronautic, aeronautic and industrial applications. The future will see more SMA application if less energy is required for actuation. This paper presents the design and experimental results of control of an SMA actuator using pulse width modulation (PWM) to reduce the energy consumption by the SMA actuator. A SMA wire test stand is used in this research. Open-loop testing of the SMA wire actuator is conducted to study the effect of the PWM parameters. Based on test results and parameter analysis of the pulse width (PW) modulator, a PW modulator is designed to modulate a proportional plus derivative (PD) controller. Experiments demonstrate that control of the SMA actuator using PWM effectively saves actuation energy while maintaining the same control accuracy as compared to continuous PD control. PWM also demonstrates robustness to external disturbances. A comparison with a pulse width pulse frequency modulator is also presented.
Significance of "high" acid phosphatase activity in the serum of normal children. (1979)

Serum acid phosphatase activity in normal children (newborn to 18 years) is several fold that in normal adults. Activity is age-related but not sex-related. The isoenzyme pattern in children is similar to that in adults and contains no prostatic fraction. Quantitatively, most of the enzyme activity in the serum of children is tartrate-resistant and correlates well with heat-labile fractions of alkaline phosphatase activity in serum, suggesting that the source of the higher acid phosphatase activity in children is bone. Significant tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity was demonstrated in the giant cells in three patients with giant-cell tumors, but not in the "osteoblasts" in six patients with osteogenic sarcomas and many other normal or abnormal tissues. This work suggests that the higher enzyme activity in the serum of children represents a normal physiological phenomenon resulting from their greater osteoclastic activity.
Lack of Correlation between Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 1 Levels in Psoriatic Lesional Skin. (1994)

The histopathologic features of active psoriatic plaques are characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and the presence of inflammatory cells. Recently it has been strongly suggested that an increased local production of cytokines and growth factors by keratinocytes or by activated inflammatory infiltrates play an crucial role in the induction of these changes. Particularly keratinocytes are demonstrated to secrete several different immuno-inflammatory mediators, including interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6 and IL-8. IL-1 induces IL-6 production in vitro, which in turn stimulates the proliferation of human keratinocytes. Although IL-1 has been reported to be reduced in samples from psoriatic lesions, enhanced immunohistochemical expression of IL-6 has been shown in psoriatic lesional skin. Thus, we designed the present study to elucidate the paradoxical situation of IL-1 and IL-6 expression in psoriatic skin lesions by directly measuring these cytokines in tissue fluids collected from suction blisters as well as in horny tissue extracts. As reported before, the levels of immunoreactive IL-1-alpha or -1 beta tended to be reduced in the scale extracts of psoriasis and related pustular dermatoses. In contrast, the levels of immunoreactive IL-6 tended to be increased, despite the presence of great variations between samples, a significant elevation being found only in the scale extracts of pustular psoriasis. Although the mean of IL-6 levels in the suction blister fluids from psoriatic involved skin was higher than those from normal or psoriatic uninvolved skin, again no statistical significance was noted. Moreover, no significant correlation was observed between the levels of immunoreactive IL-1 and IL-6 in these materials. Our direct measurements of these cytokines in lesional tissue samples do not provide evidence suggesting any close interrelationship between IL-1 and IL-6 nor provided evidence suggesting a pivotal role for IL-6 in the pathogenetic mechanism of psoriasis.
Anterior cervical discectomy and interbody fusion (1979)

This study evaluates the histological and histochemical changes and osteogenicity of Synthos (tricalcium phosphate ceramic) implanted in the cervical intervertebral space. The cervical vertebrae from C-3 to C-6 were exposed in 20 dogs, and discectomy was performed at the third and fifth spaces. A dowel of Synthos was inserted into the third space, and a piece of fresh autologous graft from the humerus was inserted into the fifth space. The animals were divided into five groups with four animals in each. Four animals were sacrificed at each of 3, 6, 12, 18, and 22 weeks after the procedure. The C-3 to C-6 vertebrae were removed en bloc. One-half of each specimen was processed for histological examination of bone development, while the other half was processed for the two-color fluorescent labeling technique of Suzuki and Matthews for determination of osteogenesis at the time of operation and sacrifice. Various degrees of compression of the Synthos dowel were noted, with anterior and/or posterior displacement of the implant in 70% of the cases. Results indicate that the Synthos implant was biochemically and biomechanically unacceptable for the purposes of this investigation.
Wavelet transforms for optical pulse analysis (2005)

An exploration of wavelet transforms for ultrashort optical pulse characterization is given. Some of the most common wavelets are examined to determine the advantages of using the causal quasi-wavelet suggested in Proceedings of the LEOS 15th Annual Meeting (IEEE, 2002), Vol. 2, p. 592, in terms of pulse analysis and, in particular, chirp extraction. Owing to its ability to distinguish between past and future pulse information, the causal quasi-wavelet is found to be highly suitable for optical pulse characterization.
A MILD AND EFFICIENT CsOH-PROMOTED SYNTHESIS OF DITERTIARY PHOSPHINES (2004)

Abstract A mild and efficient method for the synthesis of ditertiary phosphines has been developed. In the presence of cesium hydroxide, molecular sieves, and DMF, various dihalides were coupled with diphenylphosphine at room temperature, and the results have demonstrated that this methodology offers a general synthetic procedure producing a variety of ditertiary phosphines in high yields. Keywords: Alkylationcesium hydroxideditertiary phosphinesligand Financial support from the National Science Foundation-Kentucky EPSCoR (596166) is gratefully acknowledged, as is support from Western Kentucky University. Also, we wish to thank Chemetall for their generous supply of cesium bases. Notes a Refers to yield of isolated product. b All products were identified by comparison of their physical and spectroscopic data with those of authentic samples.
Lithium Insertion Processes of Orthorhombic Na x MnO2‐Based Electrode Materials (1996)

Electrochemical, thermal, and structural characterization of lithium insertion processes into orthorhombic ‐based materials is presented. "Chimie douce" oxidation, reduction, and/or exchange reactions of the precursor can be used to prepare high capacity (180 mAh/g), high potential compounds for use in secondary lithium batteries. Lithiated is quite stable; formation of spinel phases occurs only under conditions of prolonged severe abuse during cycling in electrochemical cells, or upon heating to 500°C. The lithium‐ion intercalation process is considerably more complex than that for sodium ions; features are seen in the electrochemical potential‐step experiments that may be attributed to several phase transitions. These results are interpreted in terms of the unusual structure, and implications for future use of these materials in lithium batteries are discussed.
Mesophase Transition of Series Materials Containing Fluorene, Fluorenone and Biphenyl Structures with Chiral End Groups (1988)

Abstract S 2-alkoxyfluorene-7-carboxylic acid 4-(2-methylbutoxy)-phenyl ester and S 2-alkoxyfluorenone-7-carboxylic acid 4-(2-methylbutoxy)-phenyl ester were synthesized and the effects of mesogen modification or substitution of biphenyl with fluorene and fluorenone group in a mesogen core were studied to obtain a wide temperature range for the SmC* phase. It was found that the SmA phase was rather stabilized by a fluorene substitution, though the thermal stability of the SmC* phase decreased in comparison with the data for biphenyl derivatives. On the other hand, by a fluorenone substitution the SmA phase stability decreased markedly and the SmC* phase stability increased. These results could be explained by two factors. 1. Enhancement in attractive intermolecular force by increasing polarizability of fluorene, compared with biphenyl. 2. Enhancement in induction force due to the dipole moment of the carbonyl group in the fluorenone.