gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of optical phase with subpicosecond resolution by time-domain interferometry (1987)

A new and extremely general interferometric technique has been experimentally demonstrated that permits the direct measurement of optical phase on a subpicosecond time scale. The intensity is characterized by cross correlation, and thus the optical field is completely determined.
We Have to Live with Those We Punish (2000)

Hypotension precedes bradycardia onset during head-up tilt-induced (pre)syncope in the vast majority of patients, even in those classified as cardioinhibitory syncope according to the modified VASIS classification. Furthermore, cardioinhibitory syncope becomes less frequent with increasing age.
Improving software reliability and productivity via mining program source code (2008)

A software system interacts with third-party libraries through various APIs. Insufficient documentation and constant refactorings of third-party libraries make API library reuse difficult and error prone. Using these library APIs often needs to follow certain usage patterns. These patterns aid developers in addressing commonly faced programming problems such as what checks should precede or follow API calls, how to use a given set of APIs for a given task, or what API method sequence should be used to obtain one object from another. Ordering rules (specifications) also exist between APIs, and these rules govern the secure and robust operation of the system using these APIs. These patterns and rules may not be well documented by the API developers. Furthermore, usage patterns and specifications might change with library refactorings, requiring changes in the software that reuse the library. To address these issues, we develop novel techniques (and their supporting tools) based on mining source code, assisting developers in productively reusing third party libraries to build reliable and secure software.
Structure of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> Fumarate Reductase Respiratory Complex (1999)

The integral membrane protein fumarate reductase catalyzes the final step of anaerobic respiration when fumarate is the terminal electron acceptor. The homologous enzyme succinate dehydrogenase also plays a prominent role in cellular energetics as a member of the Krebs cycle and as complex II of the aerobic respiratory chain. Fumarate reductase consists of four subunits that contain a covalently linked flavin adenine dinucleotide, three different iron-sulfur clusters, and at least two quinones. The crystal structure of intact fumarate reductase has been solved at 3.3 angstrom resolution and demonstrates that the cofactors are arranged in a nearly linear manner from the membrane-bound quinone to the active site flavin. Although fumarate reductase is not associated with any proton-pumping function, the two quinones are positioned on opposite sides of the membrane in an arrangement similar to that of the Q-cycle organization observed for cytochrome bc1.
Establishment and Characterization of an <i>In Vitro</i> Model of Ovarian Cancer Stem-like Cells with an Enhanced Proliferative Capacity (2015)

The establishment of cancer stem-like cell (CSC) culture systems may be instrumental in devising strategies to fight refractory cancers. Inhibition of the Rho kinase ROCK has been shown to favorably affect CSC spheroid cultures. In this study, we show how ROCK inhibition in human serous ovarian cancer (SOC) cells can help establish a CSC system, which illuminates cancer pathophysiology and its treatment in this setting. In the presence of a ROCK kinase inhibitor, spheroid cultures of SOC cells expressed characteristic CSC markers including ALDH1A1, CD133, and SOX2, along with differentiation and tumorigenic capabilities in mouse xenograft models of human SOC. High expression levels of ALDH, but not CD133, correlated with spheroid formation CSC marker expression and tumor forming capability. In clinical specimens of SOC, high levels of ALDH1A1 correlated with advanced stage and poor prognosis. Pharmacologic or genetic blockade of ALDH blocked cell proliferation and reduced expression of SOX2, the genetic ablation of which abolished spheroid formation, whereas SOX2 overexpression inhibited ALDH1A1 expression and blocked spheroid proliferation. Taken together, our findings illustrated a new method to culture human ovarian CSC, and they defined a reciprocal regulatory relationship between ALDH1A1 and SOX2, which impacts ovarian CSC proliferation and malignant progression.
Fabrication of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ co-doped optical fibres by a solution-doping technique (1988)

A new technique for fabricating optical fibres containing Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ is described. Application of the technique to single-mode and rare-earth-doped fibres is discussed. >
Star‐like Fullerene Containing Poly(Vinylpyrrolydone) Derivatives: Chloroform Solution Properties (2004)

Abstract Star‐like fullerene C60 derivatives with different branch number, synthesized by the reaction of fullerene with poly(vinylpyrrolydone) (PVP) macromolecules bearing the terminal amino‐groups, were investigated in solution by the viscometry, dielectric, and electrooptical Kerr‐effect methods in comparison with the ordinary linear PVPs of the same molecular mass. It was shown that covalent linkage of branches to fullerene through amino‐groups leads to appearance of a polar and optically anisotropic nanoparticle (amine‐substituted C60) in the center of the coil of star‐like polymers that radically changes dielectric and electrooptical properties of the initial polymer. Effect of fullerene on the dimension of polymer coil had been detected also.
New natural observer applied to speed-sensorless DC servo and induction motors (2004)

A simple observer design technique with parameter adaptation is proposed for bounded-input bounded-output nonlinear systems. In this technique, no feedback is used in the observer but parameter estimations are considered as if they are observer inputs. The proposed technique is successfully applied to speed-sensorless dc servomotors and speed-sensorless induction motors with load torque adaptation schemes. The observer is robust to noise and parameter uncertainty. Excellent experimental and simulation results have been obtained.
Des remarques sévères voire tragiques… (1996)

La Grande Parade au Cabaret de l’Ange bleu Le rapport entre le spectacle et la salle. Le genre du cabaret est difficile à adapter à une salle de théâtre. Les spectateurs entendent mal le texte et le rapport de proximité, voire de complicité ne peut s'établir quand on est trop loin. Le spectacle fonctionne peut-être pour les spectateurs du parterre mais pas pour ceux du deuxième balcon, essentiellement des étudiants. Le montage Le monologue de la femme juive, limité à sa conclusion casse l'am...
Lightweight 3D Modeling of Urban Buildings from Range Data (2011)

Laser range scanners are widely used to acquire accurate scene measurements. The massive point clouds they generate, however, present challenges to efficient modeling and visualization. State-of-the-art techniques for generating 3D models from voluminous range data is well-known to demand large computational and storage requirements. In this paper, attention is directed to the modeling of urban buildings directly from range data. We present an efficient modeling algorithm that exploits a priori knowledge that buildings can be modeled from cross-sectional contours using extrusion and tapering operations. Inspired by this simple workflow, we identify key cross-sectional slices among the point cloud. These slices capture changes across the building facade along the principal axes. Standard image processing algorithms are used to remove noise, fill missing data, and vectorize the projected points into planar contours. Applying extrusion and tapering operations to these contours permits us to achieve dramatic geometry compression, making the resulting models suitable for web-based applications such as Google Earth or Microsoft Virtual Earth. This work has applications in architecture, urban design, virtual city touring, and online gaming. We present experimental results on synthetic and real urban building datasets to validate the proposed algorithm.
Potential Mechanisms of Moxonidine-Induced Ocular Hypotension: Role of Norepinephrine (1997)

In rabbit's aqueous humor, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine and serotonin were detected simultaneously by a high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Furthermore, the changes in catecholamine levels in aqueous humor were evaluated after topical application of moxonidine, an imidazoline1/alpha 2 receptor agonist, in the presence and absence of efaroxan. The level of norepinephrine in aqueous humor was reduced by moxonidine treatment. However, under the same set of conditions, there were no significant changes in the levels of dopamine, epinephrine or serotonin. Pretreatment with efaroxan antagonized moxonidine-induced suppression of norepinephrine levels. In other in vivo experiments, moxonidine caused a decrease in intraocular pressure which was antagonized by pretreatment with efaroxan. In the superior cervical ganglion preparation, norepinephrine release was increased 5-fold by the presence of a high K+ medium. The K(+)-evoked norepinephrine secretion was reduced by 55% by moxonidine. Pretreatment with efaroxan blocked the moxonidine-induced inhibition of norepinephrine release. It is concluded that inhibition of norepinephrine release from the superior cervical ganglion and suppression of aqueous norepinephrine levels contribute to the moxonidine-induced lowering of intraocular pressure. Moreover, the antagonism of moxonidine's in vivo and in vitro effects by efaroxan suggests the involvement of imidazoline1 receptors, but does not preclude activity on alpha 2 adrenoceptors.
Gel Permeation Chromatography: Problems Caused by Polydispersity in the Application of the Benoit's Universal Parameter (1982)

Abstract The application of the Benoit's universal calibration Ln(η). M = f (Ve) in GPC is examined through the general problem of polydispersity, when an attempt is made to represent a mixture of different macromolecules by a single parameter (η).M. The recently proposed (η). Mn parameter leads to an ambiguous interpretation of universal calibration; we try to classify the problems into three families. For the comparison of linear homopolymers of different polydispersities only by their peak apex, there is no general form of universal parameter. In the characterization of heterogeneous polymers, such as branched polymers or copolymers, (η)i. Mni is the form to be used in the GPC calculations. It leads to (η) and Mn when using the GPC-viscometer coupling but Mw can only be strictly obtained by the light scattering coupling. Finally, the apparent polydispersity caused by instrumental spreading cannot generally be represented by the (η)i.Mni parameter.
New high accuracy pulse width modulation based digital-to-analogue convertor/power amplifier (1994)

A new high accuracy pulse width modulation based digital-to-analogue convertor is presented. It is suitable for high power applications as well as ordinary low power use. While possessing important advantages, previously proposed convertors of this type have been difficult to realise in hardware and/or have exhibited high distortion. In this paper, digital signal processing (DSP) techniques are used to facilitate hardware implementation and increase performance. Specially designed oversampled noise shaping networks allow reductions in internal modulator clock speed large enough to make a 16 bit quality implementation possible. Also, new premodulation, predistortion DSP algorithms of varying complexity and accuracy are employed to reduce the harmonic distortion inherent to the modulation process typically used. Computer simulations are presented to verify the improvements.
Meclofenamate elicits a nephropreventing effect in a rat model of ischemic acute kidney injury by suppressing indoxyl sulfate production and restoring renal organic anion transporters (2014)

Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a putative low-molecular weight uremic toxin, is excreted in the urine under normal kidney function, but is retained in the circulation and tissues during renal dysfunction in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. IS, which is one of the most potent inducers of oxidative stress in the kidney and cardiovascular system, is enzymatically produced in the liver from indole by cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylation to indoxyl, followed by sulfotransferase-mediated sulfate conjugation. We used rat liver S9 fraction to identify inhibitors of IS production. After testing several compounds, including phytochemical polyphenols, we identified meclofenamate as a potent inhibitor of IS production with an apparent IC50 value of 1.34 μM. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of rat kidney caused a marked elevation in the serum IS concentration 48 hours after surgery. However, intravenous administration of meclofenamate (10 mg/kg) significantly suppressed this increase in the serum level of IS. Moreover, IS concentrations in both kidney and liver were dramatically elevated by renal I/R treatment, but this increase was blocked by meclofenamate. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were markedly elevated in rats after renal I/R treatment, but these increases were significantly restored by administration of meclofenamate. Renal expression of both basolateral membrane-localized organic anion transporters rOAT1 and rOAT3 was downregulated by I/R treatment. However, expression of rOAT1 and rOAT3 recovered after administration of meclofenamate, which is associated with the inhibition of I/R-evoked elevation of prostaglandin E2. Our results suggest that meclofenamate inhibits hepatic sulfotransferase-mediated production of IS, thereby suppressing serum and renal accumulation of IS. Meclofenamate also prevents the prostaglandin E2-dependent downregulation of rOAT1 and rOAT3 expression. In conclusion, meclofenamate was found to elicit a nephropreventive effect in ischemic acute kidney injury.
Dual-Stack Single-Radio Communication Architecture for UAV Acting As a Mobile Node to Collect Data in WSNs (2015)

The use of mobile nodes to collect data in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has gained special attention over the last years. Some researchers explore the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as mobile node for such data-collection purposes. Analyzing these works, it is apparent that mobile nodes used in such scenarios are typically equipped with at least two different radio interfaces. The present work presents a Dual-Stack Single-Radio Communication Architecture (DSSRCA), which allows a UAV to communicate in a bidirectional manner with a WSN and a Sink node. The proposed architecture was specifically designed to support different network QoS requirements, such as best-effort and more reliable communications, attending both UAV-to-WSN and UAV-to-Sink communications needs. DSSRCA was implemented and tested on a real UAV, as detailed in this paper. This paper also includes a simulation analysis that addresses bandwidth consumption in an environmental monitoring application scenario. It includes an analysis of the data gathering rate that can be achieved considering different UAV flight speeds. Obtained results show the viability of using a single radio transmitter for collecting data from the WSN and forwarding such data to the Sink node.
Macromolecule and water magnetization exchange modeling in articular cartilage (2000)

Magnetization exchange effects between the matrix macromolecules (e. g., collagen and proteoglycan) and water were examined in normal, deuterated, and proteoglycan-depleted articular cartilage. Relaxation results (T(2), T(1rho), and T(1)) suggested that a four-site exchange scheme provided an accurate model for articular cartilage relaxation and interspin group coupling details. Magnetization exchange within the collagen-bulk-water, proteoglycan-collagen, and collagen fibrillar water-collagen cartilage subsystems were quantified. Although collagen-bulk-water was the largest of the cartilage coupling subsystems ( approximately 90% signal) and is exploited in MRI, the rates of magnetization transfer (MT) within the latter subsystems were appreciably larger. Magnetization exchange rates for proteoglycan-collagen and collagen fibrillar water-collagen were 120 s(-1) and 4.4 s(-1), respectively. The observation of these latter two exchange subsystems suggested potential clinical MRI-MT applications in detecting molecular abnormalities associated with osteoarthritis.
Conversion of proinsulin to insulin occurs coordinately with acidification of maturing secretory vesicles. (1986)

Proinsulin is a single polypeptide chain composed of the B and A subunits of insulin joined by the C-peptide region. Proinsulin is converted to insulin during the maturation of secretory vesicles by the action of two proteases and conversion is inhibited by ionophores that disrupted intracellular H+ gradients. To determine if conversion of prohormone to hormone actually occurs in an acidic secretory vesicle, cultured rat islet cells were incubated in the presence of 3-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-3' amino-N-methyldipropylamine (DAMP), a basic congener of dinitrophenol that concentrates in acidic compartments and is retained there after aldehyde fixation. The cells were processed for indirect protein A-gold colocalization of DAMP, using a monoclonal antibody to dinitrophenol, and proinsulin, using a monoclonal antibody that exclusively reacts with the prohormone. The average density of DAMP-specific gold particles in immature secretory vesicles that contained proinsulin was 71/micron 2 (18 times cytoplasmic background), which indicated that this compartment was acidic. However, the density of DAMP-specific gold particles in the insulin-rich mature secretory vesicle averaged 433/micron 2. This suggests that although proinsulin conversion occurs in an acidic compartment, the secretory vesicles become more acidic as they mature. Since the concentration of anti-proinsulin IgG binding in secretory vesicles is inversely proportional to the conversion of proinsulin to insulin, we were able to determine that maturing secretory vesicles had to reach a critical pH before proinsulin conversion occurred.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Using Embedded Carbon and Nitrogen Sources (2011)

A facile strategy to grow nitrogen-doped graphene using embedded nitrogen and carbon in metal substrate via a segregation method is reported. As doping is concurrently carried out in the segregation process of the carbon species, N atoms can be substitutionally doped into the graphene lattice. This approach allows precise control of the doping degree and location, which enables growing various heterojunctions at the desired location.
Electronic Structure of Sulfur Studied by X-ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy (2009)

An X-ray spectroscopy and theoretical study of the chemical state of several sulfur bearing minerals and a synthetic sodium sulfite sample was performed. X-ray absorption and high-resolution Kr X-ray emission spectra were recorded and compared to ab initio quantum chemical calculations. A consistent interpretation of the chemical shift in the Kr emission spectra is obtained based on three different theoretical approaches (density functional theory, multiple scattering theory, and atomic multiplet theory). An analysis of the theoretical sulfur orbital population and valence bond is in agreement with the fluorescence energy position of the Kr lines even within the sulfide (S2-) series. It is shown that the Kr energy shifts can be used for a quantitative determination of the proportion of different sulfur species in heterogeneous samples.
Boosting with Multi-Way Branching in Decision Trees (1999)

It is known that decision tree learning can be viewed as a form of boosting. However, existing boosting theorems for decision tree learning allow only binary-branching trees and the generalization to multi-branching trees is not immediate. Practical decision tree algorithms, such as CART and C4.5, implement a trade-off between the number of branches and the improvement in tree quality as measured by an index function. Here we give a boosting justification for a particular quantitative trade-off curve. Our main theorem states, in essence, that if we require an improvement proportional to the log of the number of branches then top-down greedy construction of decision trees remains an effective boosting algorithm. 1 Introduction Decision trees have been proved to be a very popular tool in experimental machine learning. Their popularity stems from two basic features --- they can be constructed quickly and they seem to achieve low error rates in practice. In some cases the time ...
Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV (2020)

After the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the world in 2003, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been reported as pathogens that cause severe symptoms in respiratory tract infections. Recently, a new emerged HCoV isolated from the respiratory epithelium of unexplained pneumonia patients in the Wuhan seafood market caused a major disease outbreak and has been named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus causes acute lung symptoms, leading to a condition that has been named as "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19). The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and of SARS-CoV caused widespread fear and concern and has threatened global health security. There are some similarities and differences in the epidemiology and clinical features between these two viruses and diseases that are caused by these viruses. The goal of this work is to systematically review and compare between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in the context of their virus incubation, originations, diagnosis and treatment methods, genomic and proteomic sequences, and pathogenic mechanisms.
[A simple and rapid routine preparation of no-carrier added meta-I-123- and I-131-iodobenzylguanidine (I-123-MIBG and I-131-MIBG) for clinical nuclear medicine applications]. (1999)

High specific activity I-123-MIBG and I-131-MIBG could now be prepared by a simple one-step reaction giving rise to high radiochemical yields and high purity for a widespread clinical applications. Therefore, this encourages clinical validations on a large scale to answer the question of whether n.c.a. I-123-MIBG and I-131-MIBG could play an important role in the assessment of the myocardial sympathetic nervous dysfunction as well as in the diagnosis and therapy of neuroendocrine tumors.
VanderLugt correlator and neural networks (2003)

Several experimental demonstrations of neural networks using coherent optics are demonstrated. An associative memory for word-break recognition and a learning machine for multicategory classification are discussed. Finally, a compact and robust coherent optical processor using a recently developed SELDA (surface emitting micro-laser diode array) is described. Although the applications are different, all these implementations are based on the VanderLugt correlator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>