gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermomechanical Wrinkling in Composite Sandwich Structures (2004)

A new approach to the solution of the problem of wrinkling in sandwich structures subject to a combination of compressive stresses and uniform elevated temperature is presented. The solution is based on the assumption that both facings wrinkle simultaneously, that is, wrinkling of one of the facings triggers wrinkling of the opposite facing. This approach eliminates shortcomings of several previously developed models where the effect of wrinkling on the opposite facing was disregarded. The solution for the stresses in the core is obtained based on the theory of elasticity. Subsequently, the combination of wrinkling loads, including thermal contributions, is determined either by the energy method or from the equations of equilibrium of the facings. It is shown that in the particular case of a thick and compliant core, the present method yields the results that are almost identical to the well-known Plantema solution. As follows from the numerical analysis, the wrinkling stress increases with the facing-to-core thickness ratio. Elevated temperature results in a decrease of the applied mechanical stress corresponding to wrinkling. In the representative examples, this decrease was almost proportional to temperature.
Extremely long decay time optical cavity (2014)

We report on the resonant Fabry Perot cavity of the PVLAS (Polarization of the Vacuum with LASer) experiment operating at λ = 1064 nm with a record decay time of 2.7 ms, a factor more than two larger than any previously reported optical resonator. This corresponds to a coherence length of 8.1 · 10(5) m. The cavity length is 3.303 m, and the resulting finesse is 770,000.
Improved approach for design of perfect reconstruction FIR QMF banks, with lossless lattice structures (2003)

A property of FIR (finite-impulse response) lossless systems is introduced, leading to substantial improvement in the sign procedure for perfect-reconstruction QMF (quadrature mirror filter) banks. The property enables the designer to initialize the coefficients of a lattice structure (which characterizes the analysis bank), in such a way as to speed up to the convergence. A design example is provided. Compared to other methods, the proposed method is shown to converge faster, and always leads to much improved attenuation characteristics for a given filter length.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
TK-GFP fusion gene virus vectors as tools for studying the features of HSV-TK/ganciclovir cancer gene therapy in vivo (2003)

The fusion gene of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and green fluorescent protein (TK-GFP) was shown to be a versatile tool for examining the features of thymidine kinase/ganciclovir gene therapy in vitro. In this study, we used viral vectors carrying the fusion gene to characterize the aspects of this gene therapy form in rodent tumor models. Growth of subcutaneous 9L rat tumors transduced ex vivo with TK-GFP gene was prevented when ganciclovir (GCV) treatment was initiated immediately after tumor inoculation. Established tumors (>100 mm(3)), however, were untreatable despite the initial 55% proportion of TK-GFP positive cells. This was due to a rapid clearance of TK-GFP positive cells, but not GFP positive cells. Propidium iodide staining revealed that TK-GFP lentivirus vector was able to induce apoptosis/necrosis in 9L cells, as opposed to the respective GFP vector. Furthermore, when a subcutaneous nude mouse tumor model was used, the percentage of TK-GFP positive cells in vivo was maintained similarly as in cultured cells, suggesting contribution of a fully functional immune response to the disappearance of fusion gene positive cells. In vivo gene transfer studies: adenovirus TK-GFP vector injections resulted in about 25% gene transfer efficiency to 9L tumors and showed that their growth could be significantly reduced even when the tumor volumes were already >120 mm(3). Part of the effect was shown to be due to cytotoxicity of the vector. In summary, our results demonstrate the utility of TK-GFP fusion gene-carrying viral vectors in animal studies and show that readily detectable therapeutic genes can help us to understand the complicated nature of in vivo cancer gene therapy experiments.
ADUS: indirect generation of user interfaces on wireless devices (2004)

Nowadays, there exists a great interest in wireless and mobile devices. However, the development of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for applications in these environments must consider new problems: 1) different device capabilities and 2) automatic monitoring of user interfaces. In this paper, we present an architecture that solves previous problems. We advocate the use of specifications of GUIs and the dynamic generation of the adequate visualization for a specific device without reimplementing each GUI for different devices.
VHF Digital Link Time Division Multiple Access Data Communications Performance Simulation (1996)

The International Civil Aviation Organization is currently developing Draft Standards and Recommended Practices for the VHF air/ground (A/G) digital communications system using time division multiple access (TDMA). This system provides up to four time slots that can be configured in a number of ways to meet differing voice and data communications requirements. This paper reports on a simulation of the data communications delay performance with a two-voice, two-data (2V2D) configuration. The simulation includes a model of the media access control layer with priority queuing for air traffic service data communications between ground and airborne stations. Simulation results show that the performance of the digital channel is improved by combining polling with prioritized message queuing. Furthermore, downlink message delays are reduced significantly by balancing the utilization factors of random access slots and interlayer priority queue management.
Genetic Syndromes of Severe Insulin Resistance (2011)

Insulin resistance is among the most prevalent endocrine derangements in the world, and it is closely associated with major diseases of global reach including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and ovulatory dysfunction. It is most commonly found in those with obesity but may also occur in an unusually severe form in rare patients with monogenic defects. Such patients may loosely be grouped into those with primary disorders of insulin signaling and those with defects in adipose tissue development or function (lipodystrophy). The severe insulin resistance of both subgroups puts patients at risk of accelerated complications and poses severe challenges in clinical management. However, the clinical disorders produced by different genetic defects are often biochemically and clinically distinct and are associated with distinct risks of complications. This means that optimal management of affected patients should take into account the specific natural history of each condition. In clinical practice, they are often underdiagnosed, however, with low rates of identification of the underlying genetic defect, a problem compounded by confusing and overlapping nomenclature and classification. We now review recent developments in understanding of genetic forms of severe insulin resistance and/or lipodystrophy and suggest a revised classification based on growing knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology.
EFFECTS OF SELF-MONITORED EXERCISE ON SELECTED BLOOD CHEMISTRY PARAMETERS OF END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS (1991)

The effects of exercise on patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is relatively unexplored. Of the complications associated with kidney failure, anemia and abnormal blood lipids profiles are among those that exercise may alter. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a self-monitored exercise program on the blood chemistry status in ESRD patients. The program consisted of aerobic activity maintained for a minimum of 15 min at least three times per week at an intensity of 10.8 +/- 2.13 on the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale (this scale correlates with heart rate and is used in cases where heart rate is not a reliable predictor of exercise intensity such as hemodialysis patients). Monthly blood samples were taken to assess the patients status regarding anemia and blood lipids. Results indicate no significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were seen from the beginning of the program until the end of the eighth month as seen below: [table; see text] Values are X +/- SEM. These data indicate that a self-monitored exercise program of moderate intensity may not be beneficial in helping regulate the anemia and altered blood lipid status of ESRD patients. Thus, since no physiological benefits are apparent with a self-monitored exercise program of low intensity, it is important to realize the potential risk involved with patients undertaking an unsupervised exercise program. These data illustrate that ESRD patients need supervised exercise programs in order to elicit a physiological training response.
Axonal Transport: A Constrained System (2017)

Long-distance intracellular axonal transport is predominantly microtubule-based, and its impairment is linked to neurodegeneration. Here we review recent theoretical and experimental evidence that suggest that near the axon boundaries (walls), the effective viscosity can become large enough to impede cargo transport in small (but not large) caliber axons. Theoretical work suggests that this opposition to motion increases rapidly as the cargo approaches the wall. However, having parallel microtubules close enough together to enable a cargo to simultaneously engage motors on more than one microtubule dramatically enhances motor activity, and thus decreases the effects due to such opposition. Experimental evidence supports this hypothesis: in small caliber axons, microtubule density is higher, increasing the probability of having parallel microtubules close enough that they can be used simultaneously by motors on a cargo. For transport toward the minus-end of microtubules, e.g., toward the cell body in an axon, a recently discovered force adaptation system can also contribute to overcoming such opposition to motion.
Simulated Sensitivity Improvement of Optical Receiver in Fiber Optic Network (2018)

With the increasing demand and growth in optical telecommunication networks, the sensitivity of an optical receiver become an important part of telecommunication transmission networks. The unlimited bandwidth of an optical fiber create a path for large volume of signals to flow rapidly in a fraction of a seconds. This increase in the volume of transmitted signals causes severe traffic congestion, making the receiver insensitive, prolong the signal processing time and identified bits wrongly. In this research, Optisystem 7 professional software using Erbium Doped Fiber (EDF), Avalanche photodiode (APD), Non-Return-to-Zero modulation format, optimization tool and low pass Bessel filter, CW laser, pump laser, a gain flattering filter, attenuator, Bit Error Rate Analyzer (BER) etc, was used to improve the sensitivity of the receiver. The procedure of the design was to first improve on the gain using Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), reduce loss and propagation time and increase the signal flow. Optisystem simulation was used to determine the optimum gain and the receiver sensitivity for several values of attenuation. This research investigated and analyzed the performance of the optical receiver at a wavelength of 1550nm, optic fiber of length 100km. Simulations were made and the Bit Error Rate analyzer values taken. Several values of Q-Factor and Bit Error Rate were tabulated and the corresponding graphs plotted. There was an improvement in the gain, quality factor, the quality of signal with a low noise value and the extended transmission or propagation time was reduced. The result of the design showed an improvement in the sensitivity of the receiver.
Tailored Antireflux Surgery for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Effectiveness and Risk of Postoperative Dysphagia (1997)

The Nissen fundoplication is not the proper antireflux procedure for patients with poor esophageal peristalsis as it does not strengthen impaired esophageal peristalsis. The aim of this study was to investigate if tailoring of antireflux surgery according to esophageal contractility is an effective treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with a low incidence of postoperative dysphagia. The Toupet fundoplication was laparoscopically performed on 32 patients with poor esophageal peristalsis and the Nissen fundoplication on 17 patients with normal peristalsis. After a median follow-up of 15 months, only 1 of the 49 patients (2.04%) complained of heartburn. Acute esophagitis was found in none of them on endoscopy. Of 40 patients tested postoperatively, 2 (5%) underwent pathologic esophageal pH monitoring. Postoperative dysphagia was found in two patients (4.1%) compared with 25 (51%) preoperatively (p < 0.05). There was a significant reduction of dysphagia following the Toupet fundoplication. Both procedures increased the resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) significantly, which was more pronounced following the Nissen fundoplication. Relaxation of the LES was significantly better following the Toupet than after the Nissen fundoplication. There was significant improvement of esophageal peristalsis following the Toupet fundoplication. Tailored antireflux surgery is an effective strategy for treatment of GERD. The incidence of postoperative dysphagia is low owing to improvement of impaired esophageal peristalsis following the Toupet fundoplication. It may be due to the fact that the Toupet fundoplication causes less esophageal outflow resistance than the Nissen fundoplication.
A bacterial factor induces changes in cysteine proteinase forms in the cellular slime mould <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> (1988)

The electrophoretic pattern of cysteine proteinases in axenically grown myxamoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum can be altered by the addition of either Gram-negative (Klebsiella aerogenes, Escherichia coli) or Gram-positive (Micrococcus lysodeikticus, Bacillus subtilis) bacteria to the culture. No changes occurred, however, if either yeast or latex beads were used in place of bacteria. The changes involved the simultaneous loss of proteinases characteristic of the axenic cells (the A-forms) and the acquisition of those found in cells which have been grown on bacteria (the B-forms). Using K. aerogenes the conversion was complete within 4 h. Extracellular proteinase activity was unaffected during this period. After the D. discoideum cells had been lysed, no equivalent change in proteinase band pattern could be produced either by prolonged incubation of cell extracts or by treatment with proteinases. An identical conversion could be induced in cultures of myxamoebae by a factor, cysteine proteinase converting factor (CPCF), present in the 15,000 g supernatant of a sonicated suspension of K. aerogenes. CPCF was macromolecular, as demonstrated by both ultrafiltration and gel filtration, acid-precipitable, but was soluble in ethanol or alkali. Its activity was unaffected by treatment with trypsin. The results suggested that CPCF might be a component of the bacterial cell wall, and since its activity was affected by lysozyme treatment, peptidoglycan is implicated. The results can be interpreted in terms of a novel nutrient-dependent post-translational change which affected most of the cysteine proteinases present in D. discoideum myxamoebae.
Intermittent or Continuous Therapy of Experimental Meningitis Due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in Rabbits: Preliminary Observations on the Postantibiotic Effect in Vivo (1981)

The relative effectiveness of bolus vs. constant intravenous administration of equivalent doses of penicillin G in killing bacteria in vivo was studied in a rabbit model of meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were obtained from 30 rabbits at intervals of less than or equal to 8 hr after treatment for determination of antibiotic concentrations and titers of viable bacteria in the CSF. When penicillin G was given by continuous infusion (10(5) units/hr after an initial 10(5)-unit loading dose), concentrations of drug in serum and CSF reached a steady state in 1 hr. With intermittent bolus administration of 4 x 10(5) units every 4 hr, higher peak and lower trough concentrations were achieved, and these concentrations paralleled those in the CSF. Although an initial acceleration in bactericidal rate was observed with the bolus infusion between the first and second hour of therapy, after the second hour the rate of bacterial killing was identical for the two methods of administration. The duration of therapy required for sterilization of the CSF was dependent only on the bacterial count before treatment and not on the mode of drug administration. The effect of single bolus intravenous administration of ampicillin was examined in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Ampicillin was given at various dosages (3.25-62.5 mg/kg), and frequent samples of CSF were obtained for determination of concentrations of pneumococci and ampicillin. A long postantibiotic effect was observed in the CSF of all animals, and this effect consistently was longer than that observed in vitro.
On-line handwritten chinese character recognition using a radical-based affine transformation (2005)

On-line handwriting has been shown to be an effective tool for the input of Chinese characters. However, due to the high variabilities of handwriting, the recognition performance is somewhat limited. One approach to resolve this problem is to view the pattern mismatch as composed of two components: natural distortion component and residual discriminative component. By adopting a suitable deformation technique, the residual discriminative component can be extracted, which is then used for character recognition. The stroke-based affine transformation (SAT) is a prominent example of this approach. Although the SAT method proved to be successful, it did not fully exploit the structural nature of Chinese characters. This work extends Wakahara's SAT further by considering a higher-level character element, radical, which is commonly deemed as a true structural entity in Chinese characters. The proposed scheme contains two main parts: fuzzy stroke grouping and radical-based affine transformation (RAT). Simple yet effective fuzzy connectivity and transitivity concepts are adopted to extract pseudo-radicals. After the pseudo-radicals are found, an RAT is employed to deform each pseudo-radical so that the input test pattern can match the desired reference pattern more closely. A small-scale experiment was conducted to examine the feasibility of this approach. The results indicate some improvements of the presented approach over the SAT scheme and verify its applicability. Further performance improvement is expected if a writer has the tendency to write radicals more independently.
Artificial simulation of the early stages of renal stone formation (1994)

A fixed solid surface, irrespective of its composition, in contact with normal urine sooner or later develops stone-forming compounds on its surface. The composition of these compounds depends on the supersaturated salts that are present. Under the experimental conditions citrate had only a limited capacity to inhibit COM crystal development. In contrast, phytic acid exhibited a much higher capacity for inhibition even at a considerably lower concentration than that of citric acid.
Biodegradable Elastomeric Polymers and MEMS in Tissue Engineering (2011)

Within the past decade, researchers in the field of tissue engineering have recognized the need for newmaterials with soft and elastic properties. As a result, many groups have focused on the synthesis, characterization, and application of materials with a wide range of biodegradable and elastomeric properties.1 The combination of these polymers with Micro–Electro–Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technologies has sparked a new area of research with increasing practical applications.2 The following chapter discusses important design criteria for creating polymers with elastomeric properties, recently researched biodegradable elastomers, and the use of MEMS in combination with biodegradable elastomers in tissue engineering applications.
Failure of Furazolidone Therapy in Shigellosis (1972)

Dilution susceptibility testing of 139 Shigella isolates from patients with acute shigellosis showed that all were inhibited by concentrations of 2.5μg of furazolidone per milliliter, with the majority being inhibited by 0.625μg/ml or less. Nineteen infants and children hospitalized for severe shigellosis were treated with 8 mg/kg/day of furazolidone for five days. Persistence of positive stool cultures for more than 48 hours or relapse after initial bacteriologic response was observed in 13 patients (68%). Clinical failure occurred in eight patients (42%). There was no decrease in the numbers of Shigella per gram of feces shed during therapy compared with pretreatment quantitations. The clinical and bacteriologic results of furazolidone therapy are comparable to the natural course of illness seen in placebo-treated patients and markedly inferior to those obtained with ampicillin therapy. On the basis of these findings and a review of previous reports we conclude that furazolidone is ineffective and should not be recommended for treating shigellosis.
3D Integration with PCB Technology (2006)

The future of 3D integration and packaging of power electronics using printed circuit board (PCB) technology is presented. This is to show how power electronics can benefit from the same advantages that have been exploited by the microelectronic industry, for some time already, regarding high density packaging, as implemented in modern digital photo and video cameras for example. Complementary technologies, enhancing the role of the printed circuit board from mere electrical interconnect medium to means to perform electromagnetic integration of passives, using specialised laminate material; to perform volumetric optimisation, using flexible foil; and to perform thermal management, using existing material and volume; are investigated as well as the specific material and technology limitations being faced by design engineers today. The investigation lead to a PCB assembled power converter implementing electromagnetic integration of passives, a flexible foil integrated-LCT winding realisation as well as a novel 3D-folding packaging method to obtain increased power density. The impact which the exploitation of these combined technologies introduce has been quantified using recently developed performance indicators, from which a critical look on aspects of improvement is possible. Experimental validation of the presented performance indicators are performed by means of a technology demonstrator. The design criteria and technology choices for this demonstrator, based on planar core-, in combination with flexible foil winding realisation technology, are also addressed.