gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Timing applications of growth regulators to alter spring cereal development at high latitudes (2002)

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are commonly used in commercial farming to control lodging in cereals. PGRs have been shown to alter yield formation and plant stand structure, other than the straw length. To study their potential in Northern growing conditions PGRs and their application time impacts on plant stand structure and yield formation in tall and short statured cultivars of barley, oat, and wheat were studied in the field. Crop stands were sprayed with the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors CCC [chlormequat chloride CCC], Moddus [Trinexapac-ethyl TE], or with ethylene-releasing Cerone [ethephon ETH] at the recommended times or at an earlier growth stage. CCC applied at Zadoks growth scale (ZGS) 13-14 increased and ETH applied at ZGS 39-40 reduced grain yield of oat by 370 kg ha-1 and 270 kg ha-1, respectively. In wheat, CCC applied at ZGS 31-32 reduced grain yield by 480 kg ha-1. This yield reduction was associated with lower grain yield production by the main head and particularly lower single grain weight. In barley cv. Kymppi, ETH and TE treatments promoted yield formation, whereas in cv. Saana they tended to reduce yield. Early applied PGRs reduced stem height at 14 days after treatment irrespective of species or stem stature, but at maturity no constant PGR effect was noted. Excluding the stem length, PGRs did not modify plant stand structure or yield formation markedly.
Diagnosing and preventing inherited diseases (1996)

A genetic assay by single blastomere analysis was developed for rhesus (RhD) blood group typing of early cleavage stage embryos. The method, which is based on the simultaneous amplification of an RhD-specific sequence and an internal control in single cells, was applied for the selective transfer of RhD-negative embryos in a family of an RhD sensitized woman and a heterozygote partner. The RhD status of two out of three biopsied embryos was determined. According to their amplified products, both were typed as RhD-negative and transferred to the uterus. Pregnancy was not achieved.
Detection of anti-preS1 antibodies for recovery of hepatitis B patients by immunoassay (2002)

The high-purity preS1(21-119aa) coated antigen was successfully prepared by gene expression and affinity chromatography. Using this antigen, a conveniently detective system of anti-preS1 antibodies in sera was established. Preliminarily clinical trial the occurrence of anti-preS1 antibodies in acute hepatitis B patients suggests the clearance of HBV from serum in a short-term time, and anti-preS1 positive in chronic patients means health improvement or recovery from the disease.
A Critical Review of Stabilization/Solidification Technology (1998)

The processes and techniques of stabilization/solidification (S/S) have matured into an accepted, and important, part of environmental technology. As a result, a great many S/S methods have been promoted recently and offered for the treatment of hazardous and other wastes from industry, municipalities, and government sources. The purpose of this article is review these methods critically in light of the current regulatory atmosphere that controls and often mandates their use. An overview of the technology is provided. The generic and proprietary S/S processes (chemical processes, physical processes, and thermal processes) are described. Of these, six generic chemical processes dominate the field and encompass nearly all of the treatment work and proprietary products to date: Portland cement, cement/fly ash, cement/soluble silicate, lime/flyash, kiln dust, and phosphate. Current and anticipated major waste streams using S/S technology today are summarized. The S/S approach for each of these are reviewed. For metals, the primary factors affecting immobilization are pH control, chemical speciation, and redox potential control. For organics, immobilization of constituents can be broken down into two primary classifications: reactions that destroy or alter organic compounds, and physical processes such as adsorption and encapsulation.
Angiodysplasia of the right colon: a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding (1977)

Thirty-four patients with intermittent lower gastrointestinal bleeding were diagnosed angiographically as having angiodysplasia of the cecum and right colon. Repeated barium and endoscopic examinations were negative. Right colectomy was performed on 17 patients, who were followed postoperatively for up to 7 years. Of these, four patients rebled, two of whom had angiographic evidence of related lesions involving other parts of the colon and terminal ileum. Silicone rubber injection and tissue-clearing techniques on the specimens have facilitated the pathologic identification of these lesions. Histologically, they are dilated submucosal veins and arteries associated with areas of overlying mucosal thinning and occasional ulcerations. Although the pathogenesis of the lesion is unknown, we think they are acquired rather than congenital and result from chronic submucosal arteriovenous shunting secondary to mucosal ischemia. Of the 34 patients, 17 had a history of cardiac disease.
Buckling of Continuous Columns (1955)

Abstract The following brief note describes an interesting procedure for setting up the characteristic equation of a continuous column, using the method of superposition.
¿Existe un conflicto armado interno en México? Análisis a la luz del Derecho Penal Internacional (2014)

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Bayesian Inference for Nonnegative Matrix Factorisation Models (2009)

We describe nonnegative matrix factorisation (NMF) with a Kullback-Leibler (KL) error measure in a statistical framework, with a hierarchical generative model consisting of an observation and a prior component. Omitting the prior leads to the standard KL-NMF algorithms as special cases, where maximum likelihood parameter estimation is carried out via the Expectation-Maximisation (EM) algorithm. Starting from this view, we develop full Bayesian inference via variational Bayes or Monte Carlo. Our construction retains conjugacy and enables us to develop more powerful models while retaining attractive features of standard NMF such as monotonic convergence and easy implementation. We illustrate our approach on model order selection and image reconstruction.
Global word shape processing in off-line recognition of handwriting (1996)

Off-line recognition of handwriting may be achieved using simplified profiles of word shapes. These profiles consist of approximations of the word's upper and lower contour. Training and recognition are based on n-gram extraction and identification. The lexicons used extend to 16,000 words.
Evaluation and Refinement of the Environmental Stress Index for Different Climatic Conditions (2003)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the recently constructed environmental stress index (ESI) for a large database comprising various climatic conditions. Data analysis of measurements from 19 locations revealed a high correlation between ESI and the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index for each database. Validity from statistical analysis, including optimization procedures, slightly changed the ESI constants as follows: ESI = 0.62Ta - 0.007RH + 0.002SR + 0.0043(Ta x RH) - 0.078(0.1 + SR)(-1) where: Ta = ambient temperature (degrees C); RH = relative humidity (%); and SR = solar radiation (w x m(-2)). The refined ESI and the WBGT index were applied to databases of more than 125,000 measurements for each variable: Ta, RH, SR, black globe temperature (Tg), and wet bulb temperature (Tw). For each database, the ESI was then successfully correlated with the WBGT (P < 0.05, R2 > or = 0.899). We conclude that the refined ESI, which is constructed from fast response and commonly used weather sensors (Ta, RH, SR), is a potential index to serve as an alternative to the WBGT for heat category assessment.
Functional organization of trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris: nociceptive and innocuous afferent inputs, projections to thalamus, cerebellum, and spinal cord, and descending modulation from periaqueductal gray (1984)

In view of continuing uncertainties concerning the organization, afferent inputs, and projection sites of neurons in the subnucleus interpolaris of the trigeminal (V) spinal tract nucleus, the characteristics of 222 single neurons in and adjacent to the subnucleus were examined electrophysiologically in adult cats anesthetized with chloralose. Neurons were tested for orthodromic responsiveness to a variety of stimuli that included nonnoxious tactile stimuli, noxious mechanical and radiant-heat stimuli, and graded electrical stimulation of the skin, mucosa, tooth pulp, and masseter nerve. Antidromic activation techniques were also used to determine if the functionally identified neurons projected directly to the contralateral posterior thalamus, ipsilateral cerebellum, or cervical spinal cord. In addition, the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) was stimulated to test for conditioning influences from the PAG on orthodromic responses to noxious and nonnoxious oral-facial stimuli. Interpolaris neurons were somatotopically arranged in subnucleus interpolaris in a pattern conforming in general to the medially facing, inverted-head representation characteristic of other parts of the V brain stem sensory nuclear complex. On the basis of their responsiveness to cutaneous stimuli, the neurons could be functionally classified as either cutaneous nociceptive or low-threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM) neurons. The LTM neurons constituted the major neuron type, accounting for over 75% of our neuron sample. Most of them had a localized mechanoreceptive field of less than 100 mm2 in area that was restricted to one V division, and they had skin-evoked response latencies indicative of afferent input predominantly from A-beta cutaneous afferents. A population of nociceptive neurons was also encountered in the lateral, marginal region of interpolaris and at its medial or ventral border with the reticular formation. These neurons were of two types: nociceptive-specific (NS) neurons, which did not respond to nonnoxious stimuli but which required noxious stimuli for their activation; and wide dynamic range ( WDR ) neurons, which responded to both noxious and nonnoxious stimuli applied to the facial skin. Most had an ipsilateral receptive field that was greater than 100 mm2 in area and that often involved two or three V divisions. Their properties generally conformed to those previously described for nociceptive neurons in the medullary dorsal horn (V subnucleus caudalis) and spinal cord dorsal horn. Interpolaris neurons of all classes (LTM, WDR , and NS) were found to have direct axonal projections to the thalamus, cerebellum, and spinal cord.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Detection of Citrus Huanglongbing by Fourier Transform Infrared—Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy (2010)

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB, also known as citrus greening disease) was discovered in Florida in 2005 and is spreading rapidly amongst the citrus growing regions of the state. Detection via visual symptoms of the disease is not a long-term viable option. New techniques are being developed to test for the disease in its earlier presymptomatic stages. Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FT-IR-ATR) spectroscopy is a candidate for rapid, inexpensive, early detection of the disease. The mid-infrared region of the spectrum reveals dramatic changes that take place in the infected leaves when compared to healthy non-infected leaves. The carbohydrates that give rise to peaks in the 900-1180 cm(-1) range are reliable in distinguishing leaves from infected plants versus non-infected plants. A model based on chemometrics was developed using the spectra from 179 plants of known disease status. This model then correctly predicted the status of >95% of the plants tested.
Thermal electric effects and heat generation in polypyrrole coated PET fabrics (2007)

Polypyrrole chemically synthesized on PET gives rise to textiles with a high electric conductivity, suitable for several applications from antistatics to electromagnetic interference shielding devices. Here, we discuss investigations on thermal electric performances of the polypyrrole coated PET in a wide range of temperatures above room temperature. The Seebeck coefficient turns out to be comparable with that of metal thermocouple materials. Since polypyrrole shows extremely low thermal diffusivities regardless of the electrical conductivity, the low thermal conductivity gives significant advantage to the thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT, comparable with that of some traditional inorganic thermoelectric materials. The heat generation is also investigated for possible heating textile devices.
Use of the L‐proline analog, L‐azetidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (LACA) to analyse embryonic growth and determination and expression of the chondrogenic phenotype in vivo and in vitro (1978)

The L-proline analog, L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, (LACA) was injected into embryonated eggs of the common fowl, Gallus domesticus at daily doses of 350 microgram/egg on one or several days betweeh 8 and 12 days of incubation. Treatment at nine-days of incubation preferentially retarded embryonic growth to the twelfth day but recovery of growth rate occurred by 15 days of incubation. Relationships between growth and LACA-inhibited aspects of collagenogenesis are discussed. The earliest aged embryos from which isolated stem cells from membrane bones will form secondary cartilage is ten days of incubation. Secondary chondrogenesis on the quadratojugal, a membrane bone of the skull, was inhibited by treatment of whole embryos with LACA at nine days of incubation but not by treatment at eight days. We concluded that an event involving collagen began at nine days of incubation, was blocked by LACA and was part of the process of chondrogenic determination of these stem cells. Addition of LACA to the medium in which already determined stem cells from the quadratojugal were cultured prevented expression of the chondrogenic phenotype. This proline analog is then a useful probe for events relating both to determination and to expression of the differentiated state, and allows conclusions to be drawn regarding the role of collagenogenesis in these events.
Modeling and Simulation of the VideoRay Pro III Underwater Vehicle (2006)

Accurate modeling and simulation of underwater vehicles is essential for autonomous control. In this paper, we present a dynamic model of the VideoRay Pro III microROV, in which the hydrodynamic derivatives are determined both theoretically and experimentally, based on the assumption that the motions in different directions are decoupled. The experiments show that this assumption is reasonable within operating conditions of the VideoRay Pro III. A computer simulation with 3D graphics is also developed to help user to visualize the vehicle's motion.
Low-Dose Interferon-α in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (1995)

Letters1 May 1995Low-Dose Interferon-α in Chronic Myeloid LeukemiaMoshe Talpaz and Hagop KantarjianMoshe TalpazSearch for more papers by this author and Hagop KantarjianSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-9-199505010-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with great interest the excellent report by Schofield and colleagues [1] on the efficacy of low-dose interferon-α in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. In this study, 41 patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive chronic myeloid leukemia received interferon-α maintenance therapy, 2 × 106 U/m2 body surface area three times a week. The complete hematologic response rate was 70%, the major cytogenetic response rate was 22%, and the median survival from the time of diagnosis was 84 months; these figures compared favorably with the historical experience with hydroxyurea therapy.Although these results confirm our original data, we ...References1. Schofield JR, Robinson WA, Murphy JR, Rovira DK. Low doses of interferon-α are as effective as higher doses in inducing remissions and prolonging survival in chronic myeloid leukemia. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:736-44. Google Scholar2. Kantarjian HM, Keating MJ, Smith TL, Talpaz M, McCredie KB. Proposal for a simple synthesis prognostic staging system in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Am J Med. 1990; 88:1-8. Google Scholar3. Kantarjian HM, Smith TL, O'Brien S, Beran M, Pierce S, Talpaz M, et al. Prolonged survival in chronic myelogenous leukemia after cytogenetic response to interferon-α therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:254-61. Google Scholar4. The Italian Cooperative Study Group on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Interferon α-2A as compared with conventional chemotherapy for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1994; 330:820-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Moshe Talpaz; Hagop Kantarjian PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPhase 1 study of polyethylene glycol formulation of interferon α-2B (Schering 54031) in Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myelogenous leukemiaMcl-1, an early-induction molecule, modulates activin A-induced apoptosis and differentiation of CML cellsLate autologous transplantation in chronic myelogenous leukemia with peripheral blood progenitor cells mobilized by G-CSF and interferon-α 1 May 1995Volume 122, Issue 9Page: 728-729KeywordsBody surface areaChromosomesChronic myeloid leukemiaCytogeneticsRandomized trialsToxicity ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
SiC nanofiber reinforced porous ceramic hollow fiber membranes (2014)

Brittleness is the main obstacle for commercial implementation of ceramic hollow fiber membranes. Here we report the reinforcement of porous alumina hollow fiber membranes by using commercial SiC nanofibers. The SiC reinforced alumina hollow fiber membranes were produced by the polymer-assisted phase inversion method and subsequent removal of the polymer and sintering at high temperatures. The effects of the amounts of SiC nanofibers (2.5–10.0 wt%) on the mechanical strength, microstructure and water flux of the hollow fiber membranes were investigated. The results showed that without addition of SiC nanofibers, the maximum bending strength was about 154 MPa for the porous alumina hollow fiber sintered at 1510 °C. However, the maximum bending strength of the reinforced membrane reached 218 MPa, in which 5 wt% SiC was incorporated and sintered at 1450 °C; in other words, a 40% improvement in bending strength was achieved. After being sintered at 1450 °C, the 5% SiC reinforced membrane exhibits a porosity of 41.7% and a peak pore size of 1.35 μm whereas the pure alumina membrane has a porosity of 37.5% and a peak pore size of 1.25 μm; the former shows a water permeability of 7.99 L m−2 h−1 kPa−1, which is 3.3 times higher than that of the latter. Therefore, the ceramic nanofiber reinforcement is promising for the development of high-performance ceramic hollow fiber membranes for practical applications.
Comparison of value‐added models for secondary‐school effectiveness (1996)

ABSTRACT The issue of value‐added measures of school effectiveness is reviewed in relation to the Government's requirement for schools to publish raw examination results. The study reports a series of multilevel analyses of the 1993 GCSE examination results in Lancashire employing a wide variety of pupil intake and school context variables as well as a range of 1991 Census measures attached to each school's catchment area and each pupil's home area. The methodology involves evaluating and comparing the results of several different value‐added models controlling for different pupil and school background factors. The findings indicate that a substantial percentage of school level variation in pupil outcomes can be explained by pupil intake factors. In addition, comparisons between the different value‐added models indicate that when rich and wide‐ranging pupil level data (for example, prior attainment measures in different areas) are available and taken into account in the analysis, school‐context factors (such as percentage of pupils entitled to free school meals) are not significant in predicting pupil outcomes. However, when pupil prior attainment data are lacking, contextual factors are more useful and may be viewed as adequate but approximate measures of pupil intake. Within individual schools there is also evidence of inconsistent departmental effectiveness and differential effectiveness for pupils of different levels of prior attainment. The implications and limitations of the findings are discussed, as is the question of how the methodology may be employed to stimulate approaches to school improvement and to widen the scope of value‐added measures.
Axis Fractures: A Comprehensive Review of Management and Treatment in 107 Cases (1985)

The combination of movement, location, and anatomy of the axis predisposes it to multiple and varied fracture/dislocations distinct from other vertebrae. We examine all forms of axis fractures and address the appropriate treatment for each specific fracture type. In a retrospective review of 625 cervical spine fractures during an 8-year period, we found 107 axis fractures. There were 25 hangman's fractures (23%), 59 odontoid fractures (55%), and 23 miscellaneous fractures (22%). Each case was characterized by age, sex, the presence of associated injuries, presenting symptoms and findings, initial treatment, and results of that treatment. Excluding 6 early deaths, 90 of 101 patients were located for a median follow-up of 3.2 years. We found that 17% of cervical fractures involve the axis. Axis fractures have a high association with head and other cervical spine injuries, 40% and 18%, respectively. Few neurological deficits result from a fracture of the 2nd cervical vertebra. Hangman's fractures are effectively treated with external stabilization, preferably with a halo vest. We noted a shorter period of treatment using the halo vest as compared to the SOMI brace. Nonunion occurred in 26% of odontoid Type II fractures, but occurred in 67% of those with dens displacement of 6 mm or greater, regardless of age or direction of dislocation. We recommend early surgical therapy for this subgroup. There is no correlation between age and the rate of nonunion. In patients with odontoid Type II fractures with dens displacement of 0 to 5 mm, fusion occurs with external stabilization alone. Odontoid Type III fractures are one-half as common as Type II fractures, and all heal well with external stabilization. Twenty-two per cent of acute axis fractures are not hangman's or odontoid fractures. Miscellaneous fractures of the axis generally do well with external stabilization and immobilization.