gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building Barricades Against Reform: The Legalist Right, 1931–3 (1978)

The victory of republican and Socialist candidates in the big towns in the municipal elections of 12 April 1931 generated considerable apprehension among many members of the middle and upper classes. The subsequent decision of Alfonso XIII to leave Spain, and the coming of the Republic on 14 April, signified for them rather more than a simple change of regime. The monarchy symbolised in their minds a hierarchical concept of society, with education controlled by the Church and the social order jealously guarded against change. Hitherto, growing popular resentment of harsh industrial conditions and a manifestly unjust distribution of land had been kept in check by the Civil Guard and, in moments of greater tension, the army. Until 1923, albeit with increasing difficulty, the monarchy's parliamentary system was so managed by means of electoral falsification that universal suffrage never seriously challenged the monopoly of power enjoyed by the great oligarchical parties, the Liberals and the Conservatives. However, in that year, the parties had been supplanted by the Dictatorship. Those of the old politicians who did not throw in their lot with the Dictator never forgave the King for his unceremonious destruction of the constitutional system. Now the Dictator had gone and the King too in his wake.
The Properties of ITO/Arc-ZnO Passivating Layer for TCO Conducting Substrate Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering (2013)

Abstract. In this work, a thermally stable multilayered transparent conducting oxide (TCO) utilizing ZnO antireflective thin film (arc-ZnO) has been prepared by RF magnetron sputtering. The novel ITO/arc-ZnO conducting substrate with blocking layer capabilities has been designed using step-down interference coating structure based on double layer antireflection coating (DLAR). The XRD result revealed a mixed-oriented type of crystalline structure between ITO and ZnO with preferred [222] and [002] orientations, respectively. The antireflection behaviour of multilayer ITO/arc-ZnO is evidence with the presence of two maximum peaks overshoots at 440 nm and 750 nm range while eliminating approximately 92% reflectance, hence contributes to higher overall transmittance (≥ 87%) in the mid-wavelength region. The ITO/arc-ZnO blocking layers conserves the low resistivity of ITO at 5.71 x 10-4 Ω cm, even after oxidizing during air annealing process above 400 °C. These results demonstrate that the multilayered ITO/arc-ZnO with tailored refractive index substrate is a realistic approach for higher overall transmittance with good stability in electrical properties, prolonged with an added capability of suppressing back electron transfer that is foreseen suitable for dye sensitized solar cell application.
Current Status of Research on Fungal Bioluminescence: Biochemistry and Prospects for Ecotoxicological Application (2013)

Over the last half decade the study of fungal bioluminescence has regained momentum since the involvement of enzymes has been confirmed after over 40 years of controversy. Since then our laboratory has worked mainly on further characterizing the substances involved in fungal bioluminescence and its mechanism, as well as the development of an ecotoxicological bioluminescent assay with fungi. Previously, we proved the involvement of a NAD(P)H-dependent reductase and a membrane-bound luciferase in a two-step reaction triggered by addition of NAD(P)H and molecular oxygen to generate green light. The fungal luminescent system is also likely shared across all lineages of bioluminescent fungi based on cross-reaction studies. Moreover, fungal bioluminescence is inhibited by the mycelium exposure to toxicants. The change in light emission under optimal and controlled conditions has been used as endpoint in the development of toxicological bioassays. These bioassays are useful to better understand the interactions and effects of hazardous compounds to terrestrial species and to assist the assessment of soil contaminations by biotic or abiotic sources. In this work, we present an overview of the current state of the study of fungal luminescence and the application of bioluminescent fungi as versatile tool in ecotoxicology.
Test plan generation and concurrent scheduling of tests in the presence of conflicts (2002)

When BILBO tests are being generated and scheduled, resource conflicts between I-paths and tests present many difficulties. The authors explore: how pipelining is limited by potential internal conflicts; ways to promote pipelining during test plan generation and how to incorporate a test into a test phase already containing tests that conflict with it. They do not directly address the general problems of test plan generation or test scheduling. What is offered is insight into the difficulties that (potential) conflicts provide and techniques for handling these difficulties. The insights are primarily theoretical, but the resulting techniques could be viewed as possible extensions to existing methodologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Suppression of PTP1B in gastric cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> induces a change in the genome‐wide expression profile and inhibits gastric cancer cell growth (2010)

PTP1B (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B) is a member of the superfamily of PTPs (protein tyrosine phosphatases) and has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. However, the role of PTP1B in gastric cancer is still unknown. Here, we first detected the PTP1B expression in six gastric cancer cell lines and in the immortalized gastric mucosal epithelial cell line GES-1 by RT-PCR and Western blot. Then, we measured the change of the genome-wide expression profile in MKN28 gastric cancer cells transfected with a plasmid expressing PTP1B-specific small interfering RNA by microarray analysis. Our results showed that PTP1B was overexpressed in gastric cancer cells, and inhibition of PTP1B expression dramatically inhibited gastric cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In addition, microarray analysis revealed that inhibition of PTP1B induced changes in the genome-wide expression profile. These changes may be related to cell growth. Taken together, our data suggested that PTP1B may be a candidate oncogene in gastric cancer.
Vibration characteristics of bone conducted sound <i>in vitro</i> (2000)

A dry skull added with damping material was used to investigate the vibratory pattern of bone conducted sound. Three orthogonal vibration responses of the cochleae were measured, by means of miniature accelerometers, in the frequency range 0.1-10 kHz. The exciter was attached to the temporal, parietal, and frontal bones, one at the time. In the transmission response to the ipsilateral cochlea, a profound low frequency antiresonance (attenuation) was found, verified psycho-acoustically, and shown to yield a distinct lateralization effect. It was also shown that, for the ipsilateral side, the direction of excitation coincides with that of maximum response. At the contralateral cochlea, no such dominating response direction was found for frequencies above the first skull resonance. An overall higher response level was achieved, for the total energy transmission in general and specifically for the direction of excitation, at the ipsilateral cochlea when the transducer was attached to the excitation point closest to the cochlea. The transranial attenuation was found to be frequency dependent, with values from -5 to 10 dB for the energy transmission and -30 to 40 dB for measurements in a single direction, with a tendency toward higher attenuation at the higher frequencies.
New room-temperature deposition technique for optical coatings (1993)

We describe a new coating method `laminar flow coating' (LFC) technique developed to obtain highly reflective (HR) laser damage resistant sol-gel multidielectric coatings. Such coatings are used in high-power lasers for inertial confinement fusion experiments (ICF). This technique uses substrates in an upside-down position and a travelling wave of coating solution is laminary transported under the substrate surface with a tubular dispense unit. This creates a thin-film coating by the solvent evaporation. Satisfactory results have been obtained onto 20 cm square glass substrates regarding the optical performances, the thickness uniformity, the edge-effects and the laser damage resistance. This deposition technique combines the advantages of both classical techniques: the substrate non-exclusive geometry such as in dip- coating and the small solution consumption such as in spin-coating. The association of sol-gel colloidal suspensions and LFC coating process has been demonstrated as a promising way to produce cheap specific optical coatings.
Calcaneal osteotomy and transfer of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus for stage-II dysfunction of tibialis posterior (2002)

The treatment of acquired flat foot secondary to dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon (PTT) of stage II, as classified by Johnson and Strom, remains controversial. Joint sparing and soft-tissue reconstructive procedures give good early results, but few studies describe those in the medium-term. We studied prospectively the outcome of surgery in 51 patients with classical stage-II dysfunction of the PTT treated by a medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy and transfer of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus. We reviewed 44 patients with a mean follow-up of 51 months (38 to 62). The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle/hindfoot rating scale improved from 48.8 before operation to 88.5 at follow-up. The operation failed in two patients who later had a calcaneocuboid fusion. The outcome in 43 patients was rated as good to excellent for pain and function, and in 36 good to excellent for alignment. There were no poor results.
Battery and Stream-Aware Adaptive Multimedia Delivery for wireless devices (2010)

Over the last number of years, smart mobile devices have been rapidly replacing computers as the most commonly-used web-access devices. Mobile device capabilities have improved exponentially with time, when compared with the relatively small increase in their battery life. This has had a serious impact on these devices' practical use, especially for multimedia streaming and video-on-demand applications. This paper proposes a cross-layer Battery and Stream-Aware Adaptive Multimedia Delivery mechanism (BaSe-AMy) that monitors mobile device remaining battery level, remaining video stream duration and packet loss rate. BaSe-AMy makes use of these values to decide whether or not video quality adaptation is required in order to achieve power saving, while also maintaining good user perceived Quality of Service (QoS) levels. The proposed mechanism is evaluated and compared with a non-adaptive scheme in terms of battery duration and video quality (expressed in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio - PSNR). It is shown that such a mechanism not only results in an increase in battery life by up to 18%, but also raises the video quality by up to 4%.
Analysis of tetanus toxin peptide/DR recognition by human T cell receptors reconstituted into a murine T cell hybridoma (1993)

Abstract We have previously reported that human T cell receptors (TcR) selected in the class II‐restricted (HLA‐DRB1*1302) response to a tetanus toxin peptide (tt830‐843) frequently used the Vβ2 germ‐line segment which paired with several Vα segments and that the putative CDR3 of both α and β chains showed remarkable heterogeneity. To analyze the structural basis for recognition of the tt830‐843/DR complex, five of these TcR were reconstituted into a murine T cell hybridoma, 58 α − β − , by expressing the human α and β variable regions joined to the mouse α and β constant regions, respectively. The chimeric TcR, expressing the same Vβ germ‐line segment (Vβ2), two expressing Vα21.1, twoVα17.1 and one Vα8.1 were shown to have the expected antigen specificity and DR restriction. Two lines of evidence suggested that the putative CDR3, although not conserved in these TcR, played a key role in recognition. First, two TcR with identical V germ‐line segments but distinct CDR3 showed large differences in their capacity to react with the ligand. Second, interchanging the α and β chains from tt830‐843/DR1302‐specific TcR which differed in their CDR3 sequences invariably led to loss of recognition. We also asked whether germ‐line Vα17.1 could functionally replace Vα21.1, as they appear to be related in their primary sequence. However, as in the case of CDR3 exchanges, Vα replacement abrogated TcR reactivity. Taken together, these data underline the fine interdependence of the structural components of the TcR binding site in defining a given specificity. Four of the TcR studied displaying promiscuous recognition were also tested against different DR alleles and site‐directed mutants. The results of these experiments suggested that, in spite of their structural heterogeneity, anti‐tt830‐843 TcR may have a similar orientation with respect to the peptide/DR complex. The reconstitution system described herein should represent a valuable tool for detailed studies of human TcR specificity.
Angiogenic Effects of the Extracts from Chinese Herbs: Angelica and ChuanXiong (2008)

Angelica and ChuanXiong are used to cure ischemic heart disease in China. Previous studies found that these two herbs could increase myocardial blood flow, oxygen-supply and keep myocardial oxygen balance, etc. However, the mechanisms of angiogenic effects of these two herbs are not well-known. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Angelica and ChuanXiong on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in rat myocardial infarction, on endothelial cell proliferation and quantity of vessels on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). In this study, rats were divided randomly into either pre-treatment or acute-treatment group and sacrificed at the end of the treatments. VEGF expression using Western blot analysis was significantly increased in the groups pre-treated with ChuanXiong and Angelica when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was significant increase in VEGF expression in the rats treated acutely with Angelica (p < 0.05). In the contrary, the rats treated with ChuanXiong showed a decrease in VEGF expression when compared to the acute-treatment control group (p < 0.05). Similar results were observed in immunohistochemistry of VEGF expression in the myocardia. Our study also demonstrated that these two herbs significantly enhanced endothelial cell proliferation (p < 0.05) and revascularity in CAM (p < 0.05). The data showed that Angelica and ChuanXiong could affect VEGF expression in rat myocardial infarction, promote endothelial cell proliferation and stimulate quantity of vessels on CAM model. The results suggest that Angelica and ChuanXiong have angiogenic effects, and may provide some mechanisms for the treatment of myocardial infarction and peripheral ischemia.
The intracellular distribution and pattern of expression of Mcl-1 overlap with, but are not identical to, those of Bcl-2. (1995)

A family of genes related to the bcl-2 protooncogene has recently emerged. One member of this family, mcl-1, was cloned from a human myeloblastic leukemia cell line (ML-1) undergoing differentiation. The intracellular localization of mcl-1, as well as the kinetics of its expression during differentiation, have now been studied. These studies show that the intracellular distribution of mcl-1 overlaps with, but is not identical to, that of bcl-2: mcl-1 is similar to bcl-2 in that the mcl-1 protein has a prominent mitochondrial localization, and in that it associates with membranes through its carboxyl hydrophobic tail. mcl-1 differs from bcl-2, however, in its relative distribution among other (nonmitochondrial/heavy membrane) compartments, mcl-1 also being abundant in the light membrane fraction of immature ML-1 cells while bcl-2 is abundant in the nuclear fraction. Similarly, in differentiating ML-1 cells, the timing of expression of mcl-1 overlaps with, but is not identical to, that of bcl-2: the mcl-1 protein increases rapidly as cells initiate differentiation, and mcl-1 is a labile protein. In contrast, bcl-2 decreases gradually as cells complete differentiation. Overall, the mcl-1 and bcl-2 proteins have some properties in common and others tht are distinct. A burst of expression of mcl-1, prominently associated with mitochondria, complements the continued expression of bcl-2 in ML-1 cells differentiating along the monocyte/macrophage pathway.
A spiking neuron representation of auditory signals (2006)

We describe a model of the auditory system in which a population of spiking neurons with limited sampling rates represents the magnitude and phase of high bandwidth auditory signals. The basic premise of this model is based on the fact that each peripheral auditory neuron appears to have a very narrow band tuning characteristics. The signal in each narrow-band channel can, therefore, be sampled at frequencies that are much lower than the center frequency of the band, e.g., < 50 Hz and consistent with the capabilities of neurons. The new idea here is that the system can use non-uniform sampling, consistent with the refractory periods of the neurons, to capture both the amplitude of the modulation and the phase of the carrier signal. The computational model described in this paper consists of a short-term FFT analysis combined with overlap-add and a sampling process where magnitude is digitized but phase is represented using a temporal code of spiking neurons. The coding/decoding mechanism is using knowledge of the properties of the refractory period. We show that this model can represent arbitrary signals, but redundant signals such as speech are represented with higher accuracy than uncorrelated noise. We note that this basic coding approach may be useful for representation of signals in situation where binary representation is not feasible.
A new process for crosslinking thermoplastic polyurethanes using rubber industry techniques (2002)

Abstract New polyurethane materials were obtained after chemical modification of a commercial thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using diisocyanates and diols or diamines. The reaction can be easily processed by the well‐known calendering technique often used by the rubber industry. It leads to a remarkable improvement of the thermomechanical properties of the material, due to the formation of chemical crosslinks between the TPU chains (“vulcanization”). As this new processing consists only of an intimate mixing of the starting TPU with solid reagents, followed by molding and curing stages, it allows the use of any and possibly highly reactive solid monomer (especially damines), which could not otherwise be considered except with constraining techniques like RIM; in the same way, the incorporation of organic or inorganic fillers also becomes possible.
Binding of D-serine-terminating cell-wall analogues to glycopeptide antibiotics (1998)

Binding studies of –L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ser-terminating ligands, used as model systems for cell-wall precursors found in VanC resistant bacteria, with vancomycin, chloroeremomycin and teicoplanin show that they bind to these glycopeptides in a similar manner as –L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala-terminating ligands, but that the binding constants are one to two orders of magnitude lower.
Functional Characterization of Core Promoter Elements: the Downstream Core Element Is Recognized by TAF1 (2005)

Downstream elements are a newly appreciated class of core promoter elements of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes. The downstream core element (DCE) was discovered in the human beta-globin promoter, and its sequence composition is distinct from that of the downstream promoter element (DPE). We show here that the DCE is a bona fide core promoter element present in a large number of promoters and with high incidence in promoters containing a TATA motif. Database analysis indicates that the DCE is found in diverse promoters, supporting its functional relevance in a variety of promoter contexts. The DCE consists of three subelements, and DCE function is recapitulated in a TFIID-dependent manner. Subelement 3 can function independently of the other two and shows a TFIID requirement as well. UV photo-cross-linking results demonstrate that TAF1/TAF(II)250 interacts with the DCE subelement DNA in a sequence-dependent manner. These data show that downstream elements consist of at least two types, those of the DPE class and those of the DCE class; they function via different DNA sequences and interact with different transcription activation factors. Finally, these data argue that TFIID is, in fact, a core promoter recognition complex.
Interfacial Sliding and Buckling of Monolayer Graphene on a Stretchable Substrate (2013)

The nonlinear mechanical response of monolayer graphene on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is characterised using in‐situ Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. While interfacial stress transfer leads to tension in graphene as the PET substrate is stretched, retraction of the substrate during unloading imposes compression in the graphene. Two interfacial failure mechanisms, shear sliding under tension and buckling under compression, are identified. Using a nonlinear shear‐lag model, the interfacial shear strength is found to range between 0.46 and 0.69 MPa. The critical strain for onset of interfacial sliding is ∼0.3%, while the maximum strain that can be transferred to graphene ranges from 1.2% to 1.6% depending on the interfacial shear strength and graphene size. Beyond a critical compressive strain of around −0.7%, buckling ridges are observed after unloading. The results from this work provide valuable insight and design guidelines for a broad spectrum of applications of graphene and other 2D nanomaterials, such as flexible and stretchable electronics, strain sensing, and nanocomposites.
Systematic review of nursing management of urinary tract infections in the cognitively impaired elderly client in residential care: Is there a hole in holistic care? (2002)

A systematic review of the current literature available exposed the deficit in nursing research as a resource for planning strategies and procedures in the care of a urinary tract infection. The cognitively impaired older client living in residential care is at particular risk because of their inability to articulate their problems, the subtle presentation of symptoms and the overuse of antibiotic therapy that has led to an increase in resistant organisms. The fiscal responsibility now required by health authorities highlights the need for a more enlightened approach to this distressing condition from those registered nurses in the front line of care.
Dynamics of Nanostructured Origami (2007)

The nanostructured origami approach to 3-D nano manufacturing is a novel way to gain functionality from the third dimension in nanotechnology applications. After first patterning devices onto a structural membrane using traditional 2-D tools, the segments can be folded along predefined creases in order to realize a final shape in 3-D. In order to manufacture increasingly complex devices, knowledge of the origami's dynamics is imperative. This paper describes a method to model the dynamics of two types of origamis using methods that were originally developed for use in robotic manipulation tasks. The stability of the devices in the folded state is also discussed.
BRADFORD ILP (1980)

Journal Article BRADFORD ILP Get access Horace Green Horace Green Tyne and Wear Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar History Workshop Journal, Volume 10, Issue 1, AUTUMN 1980, Pages 218–219, https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/10.1.218 Published: 01 October 1980