gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multi-commodity flow approach for aircraft routing and maintenance problem (2011)

Aircraft routing and maintenance scheduling is a large-scaled and complex optimization undertaking that assigns an aircraft of each fleet type to each flight whilst satisfying maintenance regulations, shifts time of workers and other requirements. This paper presents the aircraft routing and maintenance scheduling problem for both international flights and domestic flights of Thai Airways with the major focus on minimizing the total waiting time for maintenance checks in order to reduce expense. The various test cases are generated from Thai Airways data set and solved by using the commercial optimizer, IBM ILOG CPLEX.
Short term oral minocycline treatment of meibomianitis (2006)

3 months of oral minocycline resulted in clinical improvements in all meibomianitis signs that persisted for at least 3 months after discontinuation despite decreased aqueous tear volume and flow with increased evaporation (35-45% RH). However, there was improvement in the turbidity of secretions. Short term minocycline therapy probably has efficacy in the management of meibomianitis that extends beyond eradication of bacteria.
Self-Limiting Oxidation in Small-Diameter Si Nanowires (2012)

Recently, core shell silicon nanowires (Si-NWs) have been envisaged to be used for field-effect transistors and photovoltaic applications. In spite of the constant downsizing of such devices, the formation of ultrasmall diameter core–shell Si-NWs currently remains entirely unexplored. We report here on the modeling of the formation of such core shell Si-NWs using a dry thermal oxidation of 2 nm diameter (100) Si nanowires at 300 and 1273 K, by means of reactive molecular dynamics simulations using the ReaxFF potential. Two different oxidation mechanisms are discussed, namely a self-limiting process that occurs at low temperature (300 K), resulting in a Si core | ultrathin SiO2 silica shell nanowire, and a complete oxidation process that takes place at a higher temperature (1273 K), resulting in the formation of an ultrathin SiO2 silica nanowire. The oxidation kinetics of both cases and the resulting structures are analyzed in detail. Our results demonstrate that precise control over the Si-core radius of such NWs and the SiOx (x ≤ 2.0) oxide shell is possible by controlling the growth temperature used during the oxidation process.
GPS source solution of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake (2014)

We compute a series of finite-source parameter inversions of the fault rupture of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake based on 1 Hz GPS records only. We confirm that some of the co-seismic slip at shallow depth (<5 km) constrained by InSAR data processing results from early post-seismic deformation. We also show 1) that if located very close to the rupture, a GPS receiver can saturate while it remains possible to estimate the ground velocity (~1.2 m/s) near the fault, 2) that GPS waveforms inversions constrain that the slip distribution at depth even when GPS monuments are not located directly above the ruptured areas and 3) the slip distribution at depth from our best models agree with that recovered from strong motion data. The 95th percentile of the slip amplitudes for rupture velocities ranging from 2 to 5 km/s is ~55 ± 6 cm.
Improved Sensitivity of BCR-ABL Detection: A Triple-Probe Three-Color Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization System (1997)

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a clonal stem cell disorder associated with the Philadelphia (Ph) translocation [t(9; 22) (q34; q11)]. As a result of the Ph translocation, parts of the ABL and BCR genes become fused. Cytogenetic quantification of Ph+ metaphases can be used to monitor patient response to treatment but is of limited sensitivity and applies only to cycling cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes from the BCR and ABL regions can also identify the Ph translocation in interphase cells. Established systems for the detection of fusion genes by FISH rely on colocalization of two different probes but are associated with a high rate of false-positive results. We have introduced a third probe labeled with a different fluorochrome to create a triple-probe/three-color system that permits identification of both the Ph chromosome and the derivative 9 chromosome in Ph+ cells. This system was used to determine the frequency of interphase cells carrying the BCR-ABL fusion gene in bone marrow and peripheral blood granulocytes from patients showing variable cytogenetic responses to interferon. Our data show that the triple-probe/three-color approach allows highly sensitive detection of residual disease. Moreover, this method is readily applicable to the analysis of other chromosome translocations.
Regulation of T-lymphocyte mitogenesis by the leukocyte product 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) (1982)

Synthesis of lipoxygenase metabolites of [14C]arachidonic acid by mouse spleen lymphocyte cultures was inhibited by the leukocyte product 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) in a dose-dependent manner. In parallel experiments, the influence of 15-HETE on mitogenesis in spleen lymphocyte cultures was examined. 15-HETE at concentrations similar to those which inhibited cellular lipoxygenases progressively inhibited mitogenesis induced by the T-cell mitogen PHA but had no significant effect on the mitogenic response to the B-cell mitogen LPS. The inhibitory response was maximal when 15-HETE was added within 8 hr of exposure to PHA. Several analogs of 15-HETE having progressively fewer double bonds were tested in the same systems. 15-OH,20:3 had approximately the same potency as 15-HETE in inhibiting both mitogenesis and formation of metabolites from [14C]arachidonic acid. 15-OH, 20:2 and 15-OH,20:0 were much less active in either assay. Mitogenesis, induced in spleen cell cultures by the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate, was also blocked by 15-HETE. These experiments indicate that lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid may play an important role in T-lymphocyte blastogenesis and suggest that 15-HETE, via its ability to selectively inhibit cellular lipoxygenases, may function as an endogenous regulator of T-lymphocyte responses.
Computing layouts with deformable templates (2014)

In this paper, we tackle the problem of tiling a domain with a set of deformable templates. A valid solution to this problem completely covers the domain with templates such that the templates do not overlap. We generalize existing specialized solutions and formulate a general layout problem by modeling important constraints and admissible template deformations. Our main idea is to break the layout algorithm into two steps: a discrete step to lay out the approximate template positions and a continuous step to refine the template shapes. Our approach is suitable for a large class of applications, including floorplans, urban layouts, and arts and design.
Ontology library systems: the key to successful ontology re-use (2001)

Increasingly, effort has been devoted to surveying ontology-related research studies from various aspects. However, no survey is available for the ontology library system. For this reason, we decided to examine existing library systems in this paper. First, we identified the main criteria (management, adaptation, and standardization) for evaluating the functionality of the library systems. Then, based on the further enriched criteria, we surveyed most existing ontology library systems. Finally, we summarized the comparison and proposed various important requirements for structuring ontology library systems. The ontology library systems surveyed include: WebOnto, Ontolingua, DAML Ontology Library System, SHOE, Ontology Server, IEEE Standard Upper Ontology, OntoServer and ONIONS. 1.
Use of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as immunoprotective agents (2004)

Single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) synthesised to express unmethylated 'CpG motifs' mimic the ability of bacterial DNA to trigger the innate immune system. CpG ODNs stimulate cells that express Toll-like receptor 9, initiating an immunomodulatory cascade resulting in the activation of B and T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. CpG ODNs improve the host's ability to resist infection by accelerating and improving the induction of an innate and then adaptive immune response, characterised by the production of Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and polyreactive antibodies. Studies in rodents and non-human primates demonstrate that CpG ODNs can protect the host against bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections. CpG-induced protection develops rapidly but persists for only a few weeks. Preclinical and clinical trials suggest that CpG ODNs can be used safely to activate the human immune system.
Estimation of mean frequency and variance of ultrasonic Doppler signal by using second-order autoregressive model (1991)

In order to estimate the mean frequency and variance of the diagnostic ultrasound Doppler signal in the presence of clutter noise, a new estimator using a second-order autoregressive (AR) model, called the AR estimator, is proposed. The sampled signal that contains information of both the Doppler signal and clutter is described by the second-order AR model with two poles. The mean frequency and variance of a unidirectional Doppler signal can be estimated, respectively, from the phase and the magnitude of the pole, with larger phase between the two poles. If the clutter is not completely rejected, all conventional estimators, including the autocorrelation (AC) estimator, result in erroneous estimations for the mean frequency and variance of the Doppler signal, whereas the AR estimator gives an accurate estimation. In the absence of clutter, however, the performance of both the AC and AR estimators are similar. If the blood flows in both directions in a sample volume and the clutter is rejected to the extent that it no longer obscures the Doppler signal, the proposed method can estimate simultaneously the mean frequencies and variances of both the forward and reverse blood flows. The performance of the proposed AR estimator was compared with that of the AC estimator by computer simulations and experiments, and it was found that when the number of available sampled data is small, the AR estimator does not require the use of a clutter filter, which simplifies Doppler signal detection.
Multi-h phase-coded modulation (1991)

An overview of some recent results for multi-h phase-coded modulation (MHPM) schemes is provided. These schemes offer power and bandwidth efficiency where time-varying modulation indices are used. Following a brief description of the structure of MHPM, its fundamental properties (e.g., minimum Euclidean distance and power spectra) are described. Decoding and demodulation of MHPM also are discussed. and some results on synchronization are summarized. MHPM combined with convolutional codes, asymmetric modulation indices, or nonuniform mapping are investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Network Based Approach to Malware Detection in Large IT Infrastructures (2010)

Malware is code that has malicious intent and is designed for malicious purpose such as stealing confidential data, or obtaining root privileges on a system. The current approach to deal with malware threats such as virus and spyware is to use host based anti-malware software. However, this approach leads to many vulnerable machines since many users don't update their software, their virus signatures, and some even disable their software to avoid the system performance degradation caused by these software. Host based security software require a good deal of administration, with consistent needs for reconfiguration, management, and report analysis. With security administrators supporting an ever growing number of users, such an approach has become impractical. In this paper, we present a novel network based malware detection architecture that uses host security vectors to protect host machines without any intervention from hosts. This architecture provides another layer of security and can complement existing host based solutions. Only central detection server needs to be actively managed instead of individual hosts - hence providing more manageable solution for large IT infrastructures.
Selective ploidy ablation, a high-throughput plasmid transfer protocol, identifies new genes affecting topoisomerase I–induced DNA damage (2010)

We have streamlined the process of transferring plasmids into any yeast strain library by developing a novel mating-based, high-throughput method called selective ploidy ablation (SPA). SPA uses a universal plasmid donor strain that contains conditional centromeres on every chromosome. The plasmid-bearing donor is mated to a recipient, followed by removal of all donor-strain chromosomes, producing a haploid strain containing the transferred plasmid. As proof of principle, we used SPA to transfer plasmids containing wild-type and mutant alleles of DNA topoisomerase I (TOP1) into the haploid yeast gene-disruption library. Overexpression of Top1 identified only one sensitive mutation, rpa34, while overexpression of top1-T(722)A allele, a camptothecin mimetic, identified 190 sensitive gene-disruption strains along with rpa34. In addition to known camptothecin-sensitive strains, this set contained mutations in genes involved in the Rpd3 histone deacetylase complex, the kinetochore, and vesicle trafficking. We further show that mutations in several ESCRT vesicle trafficking components increase Top1 levels, which is dependent on SUMO modification. These findings demonstrate the utility of the SPA technique to introduce plasmids into the haploid gene-disruption library to discover new interacting pathways.
Scoring with the computer: Alternative procedures for improving the reliability of holistic essay scoring (2012)

Automated essay scoring can produce reliable scores that are highly correlated with human scores, but is limited in its evaluation of content and other higher-order aspects of writing. The increased use of automated essay scoring in high-stakes testing underscores the need for human scoring that is focused on higher-order aspects of writing. This study experimentally evaluated several alternative procedures for eliciting distinct human scores and improving their reliability. Essays written in response to the argument and issue tasks of the Analytical Writing measure of the GRE General Test were scored by experienced raters under different conditions. Criteria for evaluation included inter-rater agreement, agreement with machine scores, and cross-task reliability. First, the use of a modified scoring rubric that focused on higher-order writing skills increased the reliability for one type of task but decreased it for another. Second, scoring in batches of similar length essays did not have any effect on scores. Third, scoring with available automated essay scores increased reliability of human scores, but also increased their similarity with automated scores. Finally, the use of a more refined 18-point scoring scale significantly increased reliability.
Role of acid-base interfacial bonding in adhesion (1987)

The strength of macroscopic adhesive bonds of polymers is known to be directly proportional to the microscopic exothermic interfacial energy changes of bond formation, as measured by Dupre's 'work of adhesion'. Since the work of adhesion can be very appreciably increased by interfacial acid-base bonding with concomitant increases in adhesive bond strength, it is important to understand the acid-base character of polymers and of the surface sites of substrates or of the reinforcing fillers of polymer composites. The best known acid-base bonds are the hydrogen bonds; these are typical of acid-base bonds, with interaction energies dependent on the acidity of the hydrogen donor and on the basicity of the hydrogen acceptor. The strengths of the acidic or basic sites of polymers and of inorganic substrates can be easily determined by spectroscopic or calorimetric methods, and from this information one can start to predict the strengths of adhesive bonds. An important application of the new knowledge of interfacial acid-base bonding is the predictable enhancement of interfacial bonding accomplished by surface modification of inorganic surfaces to enhance the interfacial acid-base interactions.
Synthesis of Uridine 5′‐[2‐S‐Pyridyl‐3‐thio‐α‐D‐galactopyranosyl Diphosphate]: Precursor of UDP‐Thiogal Sugar Nucleotide Donor Substrate for β‐1,4‐Galactosyltransferase. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Applying Surrogates and Indicators to Assess Removal Efficiency of Trace Organic Chemicals during Chemical Oxidation of Wastewaters (2009)

To respond to concerns associated with wastewater-derived contaminants water utilities are looking for new approaches for monitoring trace organic chemicals in conventional and advanced water treatment processes. This study examines the use of a combination of surrogate parameters and indicator compounds tailored to monitor the removal efficiency of advanced oxidation processes employed by treatment plants engaged in indirect potable water reuse programs. Potential surrogate parameters and indicator compounds, identified by reviewing previous publications and classified by their structural properties, were tested in pilot- and full-scale treatment systems. Dilantin, DEET, meprobamate, and iopromide are good indicators to assess optimized oxidation conditions while ozonating tertiary-treated wastewaters. UVA reduction, ozone byproduct formation, such as simple organic acids, and ozone exposure correlated with "sweet spot" compounds, where ozone exposure correlated with trace organic removal across five tertiary-treated wastewaters. Findings indicate that the proposed framework can serve as a conservative monitoring approach for advanced oxidation processes as well as other indirect potable reuse processes to ensure proper removal of identified and unidentified wastewater-derived organic contaminants, to detect failures in system performance, and is protective of public health.
Magnetic field stabilization by temperature control of an azimuthally varying field cyclotron magnet (2005)

A magnetic field drift, gradual decrease of the order of 10−4 in several tens of hours, was observed with the beam intensity decrease in an operation of an azimuthally varying field (AVF) cyclotron. From our experimental results, we show that the temperature increase of the magnet iron by the heat transfer from the excitation coils can induce such change of the magnetic field as to deteriorate the beam quality. The temperature control of the magnet iron was realized by thermal isolation between the main coil and the yoke and by precise control of the cooling water temperature of the trim coils attached to the pole surfaces in order to prevent temperature change of the magnet iron. The magnetic field stability of ±5×10−6 and the beam intensity stability of ±2% have been achieved by this temperature control.
Ultrasound attenuation dependence on air temperature in closed chambers (2008)

In the work attenuation regularities of acoustic signals, which propagate in closed chambers, are analysed. Due to this that in a closed chamber gases state parameters are interdependent, so change of one of the parameters results in corresponding changes of others. Usually the closed chambers are of constant volume or constant pressure, therefore influence of temperature variations on air parameters are analyzed for isobaric and isochoric processes. During theses processes the change of the temperature has the strongest influence on a relative humidity in air. The relative humidity achieves some percents when the temperature goes up and it increases up to 100% when the temperature decreases. Further decreasing of the temperature raises water vapor condensation and this result in a strong degradation of measurement conditions. Influence of the frequency on the attenuation of acoustic signals also is evaluated. It was estimated that the attenuation of acoustic signals increases independently versus the frequency when the temperature goes up during the isobaric process. It was shown that the attenuation can increase or decrease depending on the frequency of acoustic signals when the temperature rise up during the isochoric process.
A Direct Electrochemical Route to Construct a Polymer/Manganese Oxide Layered Structure (2004)

A layered nanocomposite with poly(diallyldimethylammonium), PDDA, intercalated between manganese oxide layers can be formed on a platinum electrode in a thin film form through a direct electrochemical route. The process involves a potentiostatic oxidation of aqueous Mn(2+) precursors in the presence of PDDA by applying a constant potential (+1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl).
Current Trends in Implantable Left Ventricular Assist Devices (2011)

The shortage of appropriate donor organs and the expanding pool of patients waiting for heart transplantation have led to growing interest in alternative strategies, particularly in mechanical circulatory support. Improved results and the increased applicability and durability with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have enhanced this treatment option available for end-stage heart failure patients. Moreover, outcome with newer pumps have evolved to destination therapy for such patients. Currently, results using nonpulsatile continuous flow pumps document the evolution in outcomes following destination therapy achieved subsequent to the landmark Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure Trial (REMATCH), as well as the outcome of pulsatile designed second-generation LVADs. This review describes the currently available types of LVADs, their clinical use and outcomes, and focuses on the patient selection process.
Distribution of Protein Folds in the Three Superkingdoms of Life (1999)

A sensitive protein-fold recognition procedure was developed on the basis of iterative database search using the PSI-BLAST program. A collection of 1193 position-dependent weight matrices that can be used as fold identifiers was produced. In the completely sequenced genomes, folds could be automatically identified for 20%-30% of the proteins, with 3%-6% more detectable by additional analysis of conserved motifs. The distribution of the most common folds is very similar in bacteria and archaea but distinct in eukaryotes. Within the bacteria, this distribution differs between parasitic and free-living species. In all analyzed genomes, the P-loop NTPases are the most abundant fold. In bacteria and archaea, the next most common folds are ferredoxin-like domains, TIM-barrels, and methyltransferases, whereas in eukaryotes, the second to fourth places belong to protein kinases, beta-propellers and TIM-barrels. The observed diversity of protein folds in different proteomes is approximately twice as high as it would be expected from a simple stochastic model describing a proteome as a finite sample from an infinite pool of proteins with an exponential distribution of the fold fractions. Distribution of the number of domains with different folds in one protein fits the geometric model, which is compatible with the evolution of multidomain proteins by random combination of domains. [Fold predictions for proteins from 14 proteomes are available on the World Wide Web at. The FIDs are available by anonymous ftp at the same location.]
DETERMINATION OF SEVERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIGHT PETROLEUM PRODUCTS USING IR (1989)

ABSTRACT In the present study IR spectrometric analysis was used to determine clear research octane number, heat of formation, specific gravity and mole fraction of methyl group, simultaneously in hydrocarbon mixtures. IR absorption spectrum can be used to provide information, that can be obtained by several existing test methods.