gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3.5mW W-Band Frequency Divider with Wide Locking Range in 90nm CMOS Technology (2008)

The frequency divider (FD) is one of the key components in very-high-frequency (VHF) PLLs. Conventionally, injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) , Miller frequency divider, and CML static divider are widely used in various applications. Among these dividers, the ILFD has the highest operation frequency, but the locking range is limited. On the other hand, the static FD covers a wide locking range, but its operation frequency is low and the power consumption is usually high. Since a FD connected to a VCO operates at the highest frequency, the power dissipation and the locking range of a VHF FD should be carefully considered. In a PLL, due to the process and temperature variations, the locking range of the ILFD must be several times larger than the tuning range of the VCO. Thus, it is challenging to design a wide locking-range and low-power ILFD in the millimeter-wave applications. To achieve a higher operational frequency for an ILFD, the distributed LC oscillator is adopted. To widen the locking range of an ILFD, the transconductance-enhancement technique is presented. In this paper, two low-power ILFDs have a locking range of 85.1 to 96.3 GHz and 98.9 to 105.2 GHz, respectively.
Diagnostic Approach to Reflux in 2007 (2008)

There is ongoing controversy regarding the association between vesicoureteric reflux (VUR), recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI), and renal damage. Despite this, routine work up for VUR is still recommended after febrile UTI in most children. The present article reviews the indications and imaging modalities available for VUR diagnosis. Alternative newer techniques like MR cystography and voiding urosonography are discussed. The increasing evidence of the role of DMSA scans in managing children with VUR is highlighted.
Studies on the biological effects of ozone 1. Induction of interferon gamma on human leucocytes. (1991)

In this study we have investigated the effects of ozone on human blood, as well as on resuspended buffy coats and Ficoll-purified mononuclear cells. Samples were exposed at different ozone concentrations (from 2.2 micrograms to 108 micrograms/ml) for 30 sec and then incubated for different times at 37 degrees C in a 95% air-5% CO2 humidified atmosphere. Supernatants were collected and frozen at-20 degrees C until tested for interferon (IFN) activity. We have determined that the ozone concentration is critical for lymphokine induction. In fact, while low concentrations (2.2 micrograms/ml) are effective in lymphocytes, they do not induce IFN in either whole or diluted (1:1) human blood, or resuspended buffy coats. In such cases levels as high as 42 micrograms/ml are required. On the other hand, a very high ozone concentration (108 micrograms/ml) is not effective and probably toxic. Maximal IFN production occurs 72-96 h after ozone exposure, and the kinetics of IFN release is similar to that after Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B addition. Because ozonization of blood is a medical procedure followed in several countries for treatment of viral diseases, this study can open a new field of investigation that may yield useful results both in biological and practical terms.
Combined Use of MC4PC, MDL-QSAR, BioEpisteme, Leadscope PDM, and Derek for Windows Software to Achieve High-Performance, High-Confidence, Mode of Action–Based Predictions of Chemical Carcinogenesis in Rodents (2008)

ABSTRACT This report describes a coordinated use of four quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) programs and an expert knowledge base system to predict the occurrence and the mode of action of chemical carcinogenesis in rodents. QSAR models were based upon a weight-of-evidence paradigm of carcinogenic activity that was linked to chemical structures (n = 1,572). Identical training data sets were configured for four QSAR programs (MC4PC, MDL-QSAR, BioEpisteme, and Leadscope PDM), and QSAR models were constructed for the male rat, female rat, composite rat, male mouse, female mouse, composite mouse, and rodent composite endpoints. Model predictions were adjusted to favor high specificity (>80%). Performance was shown to be affected by the method used to score carcinogenicity study findings and the ratio of the number of active to inactive chemicals in the QSAR training data set. Results demonstrated that the four QSAR programs were complementary, each detecting different profiles of carcinogens. Accepting any positive prediction from two programs showed better overall performance than either of the single programs alone; specificity, sensitivity, and Chi-square values were 72.9%, 65.9%, and 223, respectively, compared to 84.5%, 45.8%, and 151. Accepting only consensus-positive predictions using any two programs had the best overall performance and higher confidence; specificity, sensitivity, and Chi-square values were 85.3%, 57.5%, and 287, respectively. Specific examples are provided to demonstrate that consensus-positive predictions of carcinogenicity by two QSAR programs identified both genotoxic and nongenotoxic carcinogens and that they detected 98.7% of the carcinogens linked in this study to Derek for Windows defined modes of action.
Biofilm-Specific Cross-Species Induction of Antimicrobial Compounds in Bacilli (2003)

An air-membrane surface (AMS) bioreactor was designed to allow bacteria to grow attached to a surface as a biofilm in contact with air. When Bacillus licheniformis strain EI-34-6, isolated from the surface of a marine alga, was grown in this reactor, cells produced antimicrobial compounds which they did not produce when they were grown in shake flask cultures. An unidentified red pigment was also produced by surface-grown cells but not by planktonically grown cells. Glycerol and ferric iron were important for the production of antimicrobial compounds and the red pigment. Release of these secondary metabolites was not due to the onset of sporulation. Cell-free spent medium recovered from beneath the reactor membrane could induce production of antimicrobial compounds and red pigment in shake flask cultures. Neither glycerol nor ferric iron was required for production of these inducer compounds. Spent medium from beneath the membrane of an AMS bioreactor culture of Bacillus subtilis strain DSM10(T) and Bacillus pumilus strain EI-25-8 could also induce production of antimicrobial compounds and a red pigment in B. licheniformis isolate EI-34-6 grown in shake flask cultures; however, the corresponding spent medium from shake flask cultures of DSM10(T) and EI-25-8 could not. These results suggest that there is a biofilm-specific cross-species signaling system which can induce planktonically grown cells to behave as if they were in a biofilm by regulating the expression of pigments and antimicrobial compounds.
A quick, mild and efficient bromination using a CFBSA/KBr system (2016)

A quick, mild and efficient oxidative bromination by using CFBSA/KBr system has been developed. It was successfully applied into four different types of compounds including, 1,3-diketones and β-keto esters, aromatic amines, phenols and heteroarenes.
A robotic holder of transcranial doppler probe for CBFV auto-searching (2013)

The operational difficulty of Transcranial Doppler (TCD) limits its use in normal clinical settings. We therefore present a robotic arm consists of five degrees of freedom which are achieved by four motors and one extra flexible spring, to assure appropriate pressure on temporal window. With proper control strategies, the robotic arm can move the TCD probe to automatically search temporal window positions. In this paper, we have developed the first full-automatic ambulatory TCD system, evaluated its reliability and efficiency after many experiments. In view of the validation of the instrument in successful experiments, this probe holder is likely to have great impact on future TCD examination.
Preparation and use of tetra-n-butylammonium per-ruthenate (TBAP reagent) and tetra-n-propylammonium per-ruthenate (TPAP reagent) as new catalytic oxidants for alcohols (1987)

Tetra-n-butylammonium per-ruthenate (Bun4N)(RuO4) and tetra-n-propylammonium per-ruthenate (Prn4N)(RuO4), with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide, function as mild catalytic oxidants for the high yield conversion of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones and are competitive with more conventional reagents.
Vector boosting for rotation invariant multi-view face detection (2005)

In this paper, we propose a novel tree-structured multiview face detector (MVFD), which adopts the coarse-to-fine strategy to divide the entire face space into smaller and smaller subspaces. For this purpose, a newly extended boosting algorithm named vector boosting is developed to train the predictors for the branching nodes of the tree that have multicomponents outputs as vectors. Our MVFD covers a large range of the face space, say, +/-45/spl deg/ rotation in plane (RIP) and +/-90/spl deg/ rotation off plane (ROP), and achieves high accuracy and amazing speed (about 40 ms per frame on a 320 /spl times/ 240 video sequence) compared with previous published works. As a result, by simply rotating the detector 90/spl deg/, 180/spl deg/ and 270/spl deg/, a rotation invariant (360/spl deg/ RIP) MVFD is implemented that achieves real time performance (11 fps on a 320 /spl times/ 240 video sequence) with high accuracy.
미적 범주에 관한 고찰 - 숭고미를 중심으로 - (2010)

The sublime beauty is one of aesthetic categories, which has a long history in western esthetics, and it may be dealt with also in the context of aesthetic senses or art history on the level of its similarity and difference. Thus, a historical approach is needed to the sublime beauty, in line with the aesthetic categories, the eastern and western worlds, and the flows of ancient, modern or contemporary times.
In spite of the differences found in aesthetic senses between eastern and western worlds, the aesthetic senses by themselves and the sublime beauty can be considered as the aesthetic category common to human beings. The sublime beauty of ancient philosophy represented the ideal state of classical beauty in the western cultural history, by mediating between the basic motives of Plato's aesthetic ideas and the sublime and the beautiful. In modern philosophy, the thoughts of the sublime revived and approached close to the territory of philosophy. The sublime beauty in contemporary philosophy experiences a downturn and collapse with the beginning of 14th century. The phenomenon is considered to originate, above all, from the lack of metaphysics which characterizes modern mental situations, and from the scientific and technological advancements which have dominated western cultures.
The extension of aesthetic categories is called one of most significant achievements made in 18th century. It was the concept of the sublime that played the central role in this respect. The sublime, as a concept against the beautiful, caused the fragmentation and contraction of the concept of the beautiful. But it has eventually produced the extension of the category of aesthetic values, by accommodating to its own category many values left outside the beautiful of traditional standards.
Pathogenicity of Tritrichomonas mobilensis: Subcutaneous Inoculation in Mice (1988)

D. E. Culberson, J. M. Scimeca, W. A. Gardner, Jr., C. R. Abee, Pathogenicity of Tritrichomonas mobilensis: Subcutaneous Inoculation in Mice, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 74, No. 5 (Oct., 1988), pp. 774-780
Aquaporin-1 in plasma membrane and caveolae provides mercury-sensitive water channels across lung endothelium (1996)

Classically, water transport across endothelium of the continuous type found in the microvessels of many organs such as lung was thought to occur almost completely via the paracellular pathway through intercellular junctions. Direct transmembrane and transcellular transport was considered to be minimal. In this study, we focused on the critical transport interface in direct contact with the circulating blood by purifying luminal endothelial cell plasma membranes directly from rat lungs and then isolating the noncoated plasmalemmal vesicles or caveolae from these membranes. Immunoblotting of these fractions showed that the transmembrane water channel protein aquaporin-1 was amply expressed on the endothelial cell surface at levels comparable to rat erythrocyte plasma membranes. It was found concentrated, but not exclusively, in caveolae. The functional role of these water channels in transport was examined in rat lungs perfused in situ with tritiated water by testing known inhibitors of aquaporin-1-mediated transmembrane water transport. Mercurial sulfhydryl reagents such as HgCl2 reversibly reduced tritiated water uptake without affecting small solute transport. Just like certain epithelia, endothelia might express physiologically relevant amounts of aquaporin-1 on their cell surface to permit direct, mercurial-sensitive, transcellular transport of water.
The Effect of Retail Mix on Passengers’ Motivation to Shop at Airport Terminal Outlets (2018)

Retailing represents one of the commercial activities contributing to the non-aeronautical source of revenue to most airport operators. In this research, Kuala Lumpur International Airport 2 or better known as KLIA2 represents the focus of the study. KLIA2 is built to cater to low-cost carriers and the airport is built on the concept of ‘a mall in the airport'. There are two commercial areas designated for passengers to shop: gateway@KLIA2 and terminal outlets. These create more choices for passengers to shop and at the same time increase competition among the retailers. Focusing on the terminal outlets, this study aims to examine the influence of airport retail mix elements on passengers’ motivation to shop. The factors examined were the location of the outlets, promotion, personnel, atmosphere of the outlets, product mix and price. The study utilized survey method and questionnaire was designed to gather data from departing passengers for both domestic and international sectors. The self-administered questionnaires generated a total of 307 usable responses. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that the key airport retail mix element which motivates passengers to shop is the location of the outlet, followed by promotion and product mix. Recommended strategies for airport retailing were highlighted
Overlapped Carrier-Sense Multiple Access (OCSMA) in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2008)

In wireless ad hoc networks (WANets), multihop routing may result in a radio knowing the content of transmissions of nearby radios. This knowledge can be used to improve spatial reuse in the network, thereby enhancing network throughput. Consider two radios, Alice and Bob, that are neighbors in a WANet not employing spread-spectrum multiple access. Suppose that Alice transmits a packet to Bob for which Bob is not the final destination. Later, Bob forwards that packet on to the destination. Any transmission by Bob not intended for Alice usually causes interference that prevents Alice from receiving a packet from any of her neighbors. However, if Bob is transmitting a packet that he previously received from Alice, then Alice knows the content of the interfering packet, and this knowledge can allow Alice to receive a packet from one of her neighbors during Bob's transmission. In this paper, we develop overlapped transmission techniques based on this idea and analyze several factors affecting their performance. We then develop a MAC protocol based on the IEEE 802.11 standard to support overlapped transmission in a WANet. The resulting overlapped CSMA (OCSMA) protocol improves spatial reuse and end-to-end throughput in several scenarios.
The state-of-the-art in predictive toxicogenomics. (2006)

Predictive toxicogenomics, ie, the acquisition of advanced knowledge of the safety profile of a compound using genomic biomarkers, is a technology that provides much optimism for improving early drug discovery decisions. Toxicogenomics creates an opportunity to shift attrition to earlier stages in drug development to a point where course-corrective action can be taken with relatively lower financial costs, thus improving the efficiency of the drug development process. This review will survey the current state-of-the-art in toxicogenomics for predicting toxicity, both in vivo and in vitro, with emphasis on the use of classification algorithms and the importance of toxicogenomic databases for biomarker discovery and validation.
PLA-PHA BLENDS: MORPHOLOGY, THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (2015)

Biotechnological polymers such as polylactides (PLA) and polyhydoxyalkanoates (PHA) are alternatives to petroleum-based polymers and represent an attractive growing market. These sustainable polymers are becoming more competitive due to the increase of the price of the oil barrel and overall concern about the limits of petrol feedstock. However, the polymers from renewable
A Guide to Raw Material Analysis Using near Infrared Spectroscopy (2003)

In this paper, we discuss the theory and principles behind the construction and validation of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic libraries for raw material identification and qualification. The considerations we present for raw material library construction are based on precedents that appear in the literature and upon the experience of the authors. This treatise takes a holistic approach. The development of a raw material programme is delineated in a 12-step plan that will give the reader a comprehensive perspective. The limitations of commercial NIR libraries and the advantages of customised libraries are then briefly discussed. Finally, we describe the development and validation of a small raw materials library to illustrate the principles of library construction and validation.
Denaturation of RNA Secondary and Tertiary Structure by Urea: Simple Unfolded State Models and Free Energy Parameters Account for Measured <i>m</i>-Values (2012)

To investigate the mechanism by which urea destabilizes RNA structure, urea-induced unfolding of four different RNA secondary and tertiary structures was quantified in terms of an m-value, the rate at which the free energy of unfolding changes with urea molality. From literature data and our osmometric study of a backbone analogue, we derived average interaction potentials (per square angstrom of solvent accessible surface) between urea and three kinds of RNA surfaces: phosphate, ribose, and base. Estimates of the increases in solvent accessible surface areas upon RNA denaturation were based on a simple model of unfolded RNA as a combination of helical and single-strand segments. These estimates, combined with the three interaction potentials and a term to account for interactions of urea with released ions, yield calculated m-values that are in good agreement with experimental values (200 mm monovalent salt). Agreement was obtained only if single-stranded RNAs were modeled in a highly stacked, A-form conformation. The primary driving force for urea-induced denaturation is the strong interaction of urea with the large surface areas of bases that become exposed upon denaturation of either RNA secondary or tertiary structure, though interactions of urea with backbone and released ions may account for up to a third of the m-value. Urea m-values for all four RNAs are salt-dependent, which we attribute to an increased extension (or decreased charge density) of unfolded RNAs with an increased urea concentration. The sensitivity of the urea m-value to base surface exposure makes it a potentially useful probe of the conformations of RNA unfolded states.
Lidocaine plasma levels following two techniques of obturator nerve block (1996)

Despite a lower total dose of lidocaine administered (450 mg), higher mean and peak plasma levels were reached sooner with bilateral direct obturator nerve block compared with the indirect obturator nerve block (600 mg), indicating a faster blood absorption of lidocaine following direct block. Both types of obturator nerve block prevented adductor muscle contraction in a large percentage of cases.
Performance Evaluation Tool (PET): An Analysis Tool for Computer Communication Networks (1984)

The performance evaluation tool (PET) is a package to aid the designers of architecture and protocols of computer networks. It is specially targeted, but not limited, to IBM's systems network architecture (SNA) networks. The tool allows its users the capability to easily construct simulation models of networks and conduct traffic related performance studies. PET is based on the research queueing package (RESQ)-version 2, which is a package for constructing and analyzing extended queueing network models. The two key features of PET are ease of use and flexibility. The user specifies the network configuration with the aid of an interactive "networking language." This includes a description of the type of representation he/she desires for the various protocols at different layers of the architecture. Based on these specifications, PET builds a RESQ simulation model for the network by piecing together many "submodels." Each submodel is a model of a certain network component (e.g., communication link) or a protocol (e.g., data link control). The submodels may either be prebuilt (stored in the PET library) or built dynamically according to user specifications. There can be several submodels for the same function capturing different levels of detail. Thus, a variety of network models with different types of components and with varying levels of detail can be constructed. Facilities to perform parametric studies and provide user specified output statistics (such as link utilizations and buffer usage statistics) are also available in PET.
Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction Based On Deep Learning Network (2019)

Short-term traffic flow prediction is of importance for traffic control and guidance, and it also plays a crucial role in the development of the management and maintenance of the cross-sea great bridge. Therefore, this paper proposed a short-term traffic flow prediction method based on the data of operating private cars and minibuses on the bridge of Chang Tai expressway and a variety of LSTM network. The main work includes: cleaning the abnormal data of the original data and calculating the traffic time series in the period of five minutes, then fill in the missing data with the average of history traffic flow data. Further, the prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm is used to forecast the traffic flow of cars operating on the highway. Finally, the prediction model is tested in four different traffic conditions and the results indicate that the prediction model achieves high accuracy and generalizes well.
Rough seas and time‐lapse seismic (2002)

ABSTRACT Time‐lapse seismic surveying has become an accepted tool for reservoir monitoring applications, thus placing a high premium on data repeatability. One factor affecting data repeatability is the influence of the rough sea‐surface on the ghost reflection and the resulting seismic wavelets of the sources and receivers. During data analysis, the sea‐surface is normally assumed to be stationary and, indeed, to be flat. The non‐flatness of the sea‐surface introduces amplitude and phase perturbations to the source and receiver responses and these can affect the time‐lapse image. We simulated the influence of rough sea‐surfaces on seismic data acquisition. For a typical seismic line with a 48‐fold stack, a 2‐m significant‐wave‐height sea introduces RMS errors of about 5–10% into the stacked data. This level of error is probably not important for structural imaging but could be significant for time‐lapse surveying when the expected difference anomaly is small. The errors are distributed differently for sources and receivers because of the different ways they are towed. Furthermore, the source wavelet is determined by the sea shape at the moment the shot is fired, whereas the receiver wavelet is time‐varying because the sea moves significantly during the seismic record.