gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perception of Human Motion (2006)

Humans, being highly social creatures, rely heavily on the ability to perceive what others are doing and to infer from gestures and expressions what others may be intending to do. These perceptual skills are easily mastered by most, but not all, people, in large part because human action readily communicates intentions and feelings. In recent years, remarkable advances have been made in our understanding of the visual, motoric, and affective influences on perception of human action, as well as in the elucidation of the neural concomitants of perception of human action. This article reviews those advances and, where possible, draws links among those findings.
Estimating Employees' True Cost-of-Living Indexes in the Southwestern Region: Case of Metropolitan Denver (1985)

Many times, advances at the frontiers of econometrics take a long time before being put to work solving practical business problems. This is not the case with the recently published generalized Fechner-Thurstone (GFT) direct utility function which enables decision makers to estimate more accurately changes in the true cost of living. The cost-of-living indexes presented here require no statistical estimation and, therefore, can be constructed from available published sources. The indexes are calculated for the U.S. and the Denver metropolitan are and compared with the published CPI-U and CPI-W for both areas. To show the cost savings possible by a firm adjusting employee wage packages by a true cost-of-living index rather than one of the CPIs, the wage adjustments for a prototype manufacturing firm in the Denver area are presented.
Toward a Global Data Infrastructure (2016)

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a new class of applications that can benefit from cloud infrastructure. However, directly connecting smart devices to the cloud has multiple disadvantages and is unlikely to keep up with the growing speed of the IoT or the diverse needs of IoT applications. Here, the authors argue that fundamental IoT properties prevent the current approach from scaling. What's missing is a well-architected system extending cloud functionality and providing seamless interplay among heterogeneous components closer to the edge in the IoT space. Raising the level of abstraction to a data-centric design -- focused around the distribution, preservation, and protection of information -- better matches the IoT. To address such problems with the cloud-centric architecture, the authors present their early work on a distributed platform, the Global Data Plane.
Thermodynamic Properties of Platinum-rich Intermetallics in the Pt&ndash;Gd System (1990)

Phase relations in the Pt–GdPt portion of the system have been determined at 1100 K by X-ray and microscopic examination of quenched samples equilibrated for 610 ks. Five compounds have been identified; GdPt5, ‘GdPt3’, GdPt2, Gd3Pt4 and GdPt. The phase GdPt3 with AuCu3 type structure has not been reported earlier. The compound GdPt3 is nonstoichiometric with a homogeneity range extending from 23 to 28 mol% Gd. The phase GdPt2 has a narrower nonstoichiometric range varying from 32 to 33 mol% Gd. The relative partial Gibbs’ energy of Gd in the two-phase fields has been determined in the temperature range 925–1125 K using solid state galvanic cells incorporating single crystal CaF2 as the solid electrolyte and an equimolar mixture of Gd+GdF3 as the reference electrode. The Gibbs’ energy formation of the intermetallic phases per mol has been derived from these measurements:Gd0.17Pt0.83:ΔGM=−60650+1.30 T(±80) J/molGd0.23Pt0.77:ΔGM=−78220+1.81 T(±180) J/molGd0.28Pt0.72:ΔGM=−91686+2.077 T(±290) J/molGd0.32Pt0.68:ΔGM=−94750−2.53 T(±300) J/molGd0.33Pt0.67:ΔGM=−96135−2.11 T(±310) J/molGd0.43Pt0.57:ΔGM=−103575−1.31 T(±360) J/molGd0.50Pt0.50:ΔGM=−104000+0.80 T(±380) J/mol
Aberrant development of motor axons and neuromuscular synapses in erbB2-deficient mice (2000)

Receptor tyrosine kinase erbB2, which is activated by neuregulin, is expressed in Schwann and muscle cells in the developing neuromuscular junction (NMJ). In vitro studies have shown that neuregulin promotes the survival and migration of Schwann cells and stimulates acetylcholine receptor gene transcription in cultured muscle cells. These findings suggest an important role for erbB2 in the development of the NMJ. Here we examine erbB2-deficient mice to determine whether erbB2 is required for NMJ development in vivo. Our analysis shows that there are pre- and postsynaptic defects of developing NMJ in erbB2-deficient embryos. The presynaptic defects include defasciculation and degeneration of the motor nerves, and an absence of Schwann cells. The postsynaptic defect features an impairment of junctional folds at the neuromuscular synapse in the mutants. These results demonstrate that erbB2 is essential for in vivo development of the NMJ.
Recombinant TBP, transcription factor IIB, and RAP30 are sufficient for promoter recognition by mammalian RNA polymerase II. (1992)

Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II is a complex, multistep process which requires several accessory factors in addition to the polymerase itself. A critical event in transcription initiation is the specific association of RNA polymerase II with promoter DNA. In this report we show that three eukaryotic polypeptides, produced in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity, constitute a minimal set of general transcription factors both necessary and sufficient for specific and stable promoter binding by RNA polymerase II. These polypeptides are the yeast TATA box binding protein TBP, the human general initiation factor TFIIB, and human RAP30, the small subunit of RAP30/74 (or transcription factor IIF). Formation of the polymerase-containing complex required only the TATA box, and not the initiator element (Inr), of the adenovirus major late promoter which was used in these experiments.
ULTRA HIGH PRESSURE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH (1959)

Techniques for achieving unusual combinations of extreme pressures and high temperatures are described. The effects of pressure on liquids and solids and ultrahigh pressure apparatus and applications were studied. (J.E.D.)
PHY/MAC adaptation approaches for dense wireless LAN MESH (2008)

802.11 WLANs in the enterprise and large campus environments must provide quality of service (QoS) to large user base. A potential solution is a (static) Tier-2 multi-hop wireless mesh to replace the current Ethernet backhaul distribution network, making WLAN deployment easier, cheaper, and more efficient. However, todaypsilas 802.11 technology does not readily scale in such multi-hop environments. We describe a multi-dimensional adaptation (MDA) framework for interference management based on distributed adaptation of key parameters: physical carrier sensing threshold, transmit power and contention window. In the novel framework, each node adapts its own parameters based on its own local measurements, without any overhead due to information exchanges.
Maintenance triple immunosuppression with cyclosporin A, mycophenolate sodium and steroids allows prolonged survival of primate recipients of hDAF porcine renal xenografts (2003)

To date, the best results in life-supporting pig-to-primate renal xenotransplantation have been obtained in recipients exposed to long-term immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide. As this agent is frequently associated with side-effects, we have explored the potential of a mycophenolate sodium-based maintenance immunosuppression in this model. Human decay-accelerating factor (hDAF) transgenic kidneys were transplanted into splenectomized and bilaterally nephrectomized cynomolgus monkeys immunosuppressed with mycophenolate sodium, cyclosporin A and steroids, and exposed to a brief induction course with cyclophosphamide (up to four doses). After transplantation, the primates were monitored daily for biochemical and haematological evaluations and for the measurements of haemolytic anti-pig antibodies (APA). A detailed histological analysis of each explanted graft was also performed. All the animals showed very poor initial graft function but survived for up to 51 days. In contrast to our previous studies in xenograft recipients on long-term immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide, minimal or no circulating xeno-directed antibodies, as measured by the evaluation of APA titres, were detected in this series although some degree of acute humoral rejection was observed in all the explanted grafts and was the primary cause of graft failure. Furthermore, in addition to areas of humorally mediated graft damage, we have observed for the first time areas with exclusive and prominent infiltration by CD2+ and CD8+ mononuclear cells presenting patterns compatible with tubulitis, glomerulitis and arteritis, which we have called acute cellular xenograft rejection (ACXR). In addition, CD68+ infiltrating macrophages and CD20+ B-cells were also present. This study demonstrates that a triple maintenance immunosuppression with mycophenolate sodium, cyclosporin A and steroids is a viable alternative to a cyclophosphamide-based immunosuppression to obtain prolonged survival of porcine organs transplanted into primates. However, a more stringent control of antibody forming cells remains essential to further extend the survival of xenografts in this model. In addition, the use of the immunosuppressive regimen reported here in the primate is associated with the occurrence of a new category of cell-mediated xenograft injury (ACXR) whose significance has yet to be clarified.
Concerning the Theory of Photoconductivity in Infrared-sensitive Semiconducting Films (1950)

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<i>In vivo</i> characterization of the first acyl-CoA Δ6-desaturase from a member of the plant kingdom, the microalga <i>Ostreococcus tauri</i> (2005)

Genomic DNA of Ostreococcus tauri, a fully sequenced marine unicellular alga from the phytoplankton, was used to amplify a gene coding for a typical front-end desaturase involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed very high desaturation activity with Delta6-regioselectivity. Short-time kinetic experiments showed that the desaturase product was detected in the acyl-CoA pool 5 min after addition of the exogenous substrate to the yeast medium and long before its appearance in the total fatty acids. When this desaturase was co-expressed with the acyl-CoA Delta6-elongase from Physcomitrella patens and the lipid-linked Delta5-desaturase from Phaeodactylum tricornutum, high proportions of arachidonic or eicosapentaenoic acid were obtained, because nearly all of the Delta6-desaturated products were elongated. Furthermore, the product/educt ratios calculated in each glycerolipid for the Delta6-desaturase or for the acyl-CoA Delta6-elongase were in about the same range, whereas this ratio showed a very uneven profile in the case of the lipid-linked Delta5-desaturase. Finally, a sequence-based comparison of all the functionally characterized Delta6-desaturases showed that this enzyme was not related to any previously described sequence. Altogether, our data suggest that this desaturase from O. tauri is an acyl-CoA Delta6-desaturase, the first one cloned from a photosynthetically active organism.
Expression, structure, and function of androgen receptor in advanced prostatic carcinoma (1998)

Prostate tumors adapt to an environment with low androgen supply by using a hyperactive androgen receptor. The mechanisms involved are mutations of the androgen receptor generating receptors with broadened activation spectrum, increased receptor expression, and activation by interaction with other signaling pathways.
EXPERIMENTS ON MATERIAL RECOGNITION FOR 8 MEV CUSTOMS INSPECTION SYSTEM FOR TRUCKS AND LARGE-SCALE CONTAINERS (2000)

Series of experiments on material recognition were carried out on a full-scale prototype of customs inspection system for vehicles and large-scale containers developed by Efremov Research Institute. The 8 MeV linear electron accelerator operating in 4-8 MeV range dual energy mode was used as an X-ray source. Experimental interlaced images of tested samples and real cargo container were processed and visualized by advanced software. The special palettes representing integral absorption and Zcharacteristics of cargo material were used for visualization. Some images are given.
Dynamic characteristics of high-speed In0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs self-organized quantum dot lasers at room temperature (2002)

We have measured the room-temperature modulation characteristics of self-organized In0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs quantum dot lasers in which electrons are injected into the dot lasing states by tunneling. A small-signal modulation bandwidth of f−3 dB=22 GHz is measured. Values of differential gain at 288 K of dg/dn≅8.85×10−14 cm2 and gain compression factor ε=7.2×10−16 cm3 are derived from the modulation data. Extremely low values of linewidth enhancement factor α∼1 and chirp &lt;0.6 Å were also measured in the devices.
Characterization of the municipal wastewaterpart human urine and a preliminary comparison with liquid cattle excretion (1998)

In separation toilets, human urine and faeces are separated at source in order to keep them away from the aquatic environment and to enable recycling. 24-hour urine samples of 19 individuals were analysed for several wastewater parameters. The daily loads and their mean variation are presented, and the contribution of human urine to the total daily load in municipal wastewater is calculated. The concentration of plant nutrients in human urine was compared with those of liquid cattle excretion as traditional organic fertilizer. Nearly all investigated chemical parameters showed great differences. Cations and anions could not be balanced. During storage, the urea in both human urine and cattle urine was quickly converted to ammonium. During 41 days, storage of human urine with passive gas transfer did not lead to significantly higher nitrogen losses than closed storage. Cattle urine reached highly significantly better results than human urine in a germination test with summer barley and in most of the cases highly significantly or significantly worse results in a germination test with cress. The results indicate that the effects of liquid cattle excretion on plant growth are not the same as those of human urine.
Injection locking of photonic paint (1996)

The narrow-linewidth laser emission from a scattering gain medium can be forced to oscillate in a narrower emission bandwidth with the introduction of a seed in much the same way as the injection-seeding technique used to produce single-mode oscillation from conventional lasers. The system exhibits complete spectral collapse at all wavelengths other than that of the seed and a large enhancement of the isotropic emission peak intensity. A theory explaining the emission characteristics and the minimum threshold seed energy required for locking is presented.
Soybean Disease Monitoring with Leaf Reflectance (2017)

Crop disease detection with remote sensing is a challenging area that can have significant economic and environmental impact on crop disease management. Spectroscopic remote sensing in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) region has the potential to detect crop changes due to diseases. Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) and sudden death syndrome (SDS) are two common soybean diseases that are extremely difficult to detect in the early stages under mild to moderate infestation levels. The objective of this research study was to relate leaf reflectance to disease conditions and to identify wavebands that best discriminated these crop diseases. A microplot experiment was conducted. Data collected included 800 leaf spectra, corresponding leaf chlorophyll content and disease rating of four soybean cultivars grown under different disease conditions. Disease conditions were created by introducing four disease treatments of control (no disease), SCN, SDS, and SCN+SDS. Crop data were collected on a weekly basis over a 10-week period, starting from 71 days after planting (DAP). The correlation between disease rating and selected vegetation indices (VI) were evaluated. Wavebands with the most disease discrimination capability were identified with stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA), logistic discriminant analysis (LgDA) and linear correlation analysis of pooled data. The identified band combinations were used to develop a classification function to identify plant disease condition. The best correlation (>0.8) between disease rating and VI occurred during 112 DAP. Both LDA and LgDA identified several bands in the NIR, red, green and blue regions as critical for disease discrimination. The discriminant models were able to detect over 80% of the healthy plants accurately under cross-validation but showed poor accuracy in discriminating individual diseases. A two-class discriminant model was able to identify 97% of the healthy plants and 58% of the infested plants as having some disease from the plant spectra.
Auto-protection Function of Sputter Ion Pump's Control Power Supply (2000)

This text introduces some regular auto protection methods of sputter ion pump's control power supply, and it mainly demonstrated the infrequent malfunctions that may be occurred to the power supply and the relevant solutions to these problems.
Multipath propagation effects on a CDMA cellular system (1994)

The performance of the reverse link of a code division multiple access cellular system is evaluated. At the base station, the signal from each user is demodulated by a coherent BPSK RAKE receiver. Parameters for the model of the impulse response of the channel were taken from measurements of the digital cellular channel in Toronto. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a received signal is used to measure the performance of the reverse link. The variation in SNR of received signals at the base station should be as small as possible to reduce interference in the network. A power control scheme to lower the variation in SNR of the received signals is analyzed. The effects of lowering the bandwidth of the transmitted signal were also investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Beneficial Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Islet Transplantation (2002)

We envisage that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) would ameliorate islet anoxia, preventing early graft failure. Thus, treatment of HBO to diabetic recipients should improve the outcome of islet transplantation. We tested this hypothesis by syngeneically transplanting insufficient number of islets (150 islets) into streptozotocin-diabetic C57BL/6 mice, each followed by HBO (2.4 ATA, 100% O2) therapy for 1.5 h from day 0 to 28, once daily (group A) or twice daily (group B), or from day 5 to 28, once daily (group C) or twice daily (group D), 6 days/week. Recipients without HBO treatment served as controls. At day 28 after transplantation, groups B, C, and D gained weight and had lower blood glucose compared with their baseline values. In addition, groups B and D had higher insulin content of the graft than the controls. To determine the optimal timing of HBO therapy, groups B and D were compared with recipients treated with HBO twice daily, 6 days/week, from day -14 to 0 (group E) and from day -14 to 28 (group F). At day 28 after transplantation, groups B, D, E, and F had significantly lower blood glucose than their individual baseline values and higher insulin content of the graft than controls. But only group F had more beta-cell mass of the graft than controls. These findings lend credence to the expectation that peritransplant application of adequate frequency of HBO to diabetic recipients would enhance the performance and growth of the islet graft, resulting in an improvement of the outcome of the transplantation.
Generalized optimization algorithm for speech recognition transducers (2003)

Weighted transducers provide a common representation for the components of a speech recognition system. In previous work, we showed that these components can be combined off-line into a single compact recognition transducer that maps directly HMM state sequences to word sequences. The construction of that recognition transducer and its efficiency of use critically depend on the use of a general optimization algorithm, determinization. However, not all weighted automata and transducers used in large-vocabulary speech recognition are determinizable. We present a general algorithm that can make an arbitrary weighted transducer determinizable and generalize our previous optimization technique for building an integrated recognition transducer to deal with arbitrary weighted transducers used in speech recognition. We report experimental results in a large- vocabulary speech recognition task, How May I Help You (HMIHY), showing that our generalized technique leads to a recognition transducer that performs as well as our original solution in the case of classical n-gram models while inserting less special symbols, and that it leads to a substantial improvement of the recognition speed, factor of 2.6, in the same task when using a class-based language model.
Perinatal Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to Infants of Seropositive Women in Zaire (1989)

To examine perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Zaire, we screened 8108 women who gave birth at one of two Kinshasa hospitals that serve populations of markedly different socioeconomic status. For up to one year, we followed the 475 infants of the 466 seropositive women (5.8 percent of those screened) and the 616 infants of 606 seronegative women matched for age, parity, and hospital. On the basis of clinical criteria, 85 of the seropositive women (18 percent) had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The infants of seropositive mothers, as compared with those of seronegative mothers, were more frequently premature, had lower birth weights, and had a higher death rate in the first 28 days (6.2 vs. 1.2 percent; P less than 0.0001). The patterns were similar at the two hospitals. Twenty-one percent of the cultures for HIV-1 of 92 randomly selected cord-blood samples from infants of seropositive women were positive. T4-cell counts were performed in 37 seropositive women, and cord blood from their infants was cultured. The cultures were positive in the infants of 6 of the 18 women with antepartum T4 counts of 400 or fewer cells per cubic millimeter, as compared with none of the infants of the 19 women with more than 400 T4 cells per cubic millimeter (P = 0.02). One year later, 21 percent of the infants of the seropositive mothers had died as compared with 3.8 percent of the control infants (P less than 0.001), and 7.9 percent of their surviving infants had AIDS. We conclude that the mortality rates among children of seropositive mothers are high regardless of socioeconomic status, and that perinatal transmission of HIV-1 has a major adverse effect on infant survival in Kinshasa.