gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-β-<scp>d</scp>-Ribofuranoside Infusion on In Vivo Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats (2001)

Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofurano-side (AICAR) increases glucose transport in skeletal muscle via an insulin-independent pathway. To examine the effects of AMPK activation on skeletal muscle glucose transport activity and whole-body carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in an insulin-resistant rat model, awake obese Zuckerfa/fa rats (n = 26) and their lean (n = 23) littermates were infused for 90 min with AICAR, insulin, or saline. The insulin infusion rate (4 mU.kg(-1).min(-1)) was selected to match the glucose requirements during AICAR (bolus, 100 mg/kg; constant, 10 mg.kg(-1).min(-1)) isoglycemic clamps in the lean rats. The effects of these identical AICAR and insulin infusion rates were then examined in the obese Zucker rats. AICAR infusion increased muscle AMPK activity more than fivefold (P < 0.01 vs. control and insulin) in both lean and obese rats. Plasma triglycerides, fatty acid concentrations, and glycerol turnover, as assessed by [2-13C]glycerol, were all decreased in both lean and obese rats infused with AICAR (P < 0.05 vs. basal), whereas insulin had no effect on these parameters in the obese rats. Endogenous glucose production rates, measured by [U-13C]glucose, were suppressed by >50% during AICAR and insulin infusions in both lean and obese rats (P < 0.05 vs. basal). In lean rats, rates of whole-body glucose disposal increased by more than two-fold (P < 0.05 vs. basal) during both AICAR and insulin infusion; [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose transport activity increased to a similar extent, by >2.2-fold (both P < 0.05 vs. control), in both soleus and red gastrocnemius muscles of lean rats infused with either AICAR or insulin. In the obese Zucker rats, neither AICAR nor insulin stimulated whole-body glucose disposal or soleus muscle glucose transport activity. However, AICAR increased glucose transport activity by approximately 2.4-fold (P < 0.05 vs. control) in the red gastrocnemius from obese rats, whereas insulin had no effect. In summary, acute infusion of AICAR in an insulin-resistant rat model activates skeletal muscle AMPK and increases glucose transport activity in red gastrocnemius muscle while suppressing endogenous glucose production and lipolysis. Because type 2 diabetes is characterized by diminished rates of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake as well as increased basal rates of endogenous glucose production and lipolysis, these results suggest that AICAR-related compounds may represent a new class of antidiabetic agents.
Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on hypothermic ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat liver (1995)

We investigated whether intraportal injection of 150 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine (NAC) into rats reduced hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury after 48 hours of cold storage and 2 hours of reperfusion. The organ was isolated and perfused to evaluate liver function. The control group received an intraportal injection of 5% dextrose. NAC increased L-cysteine concentrations 15 minutes after injection (1.29 +/- 0.11 mumol/g vs. 2.68 +/- 0.4 mumol/g, P < .05). However, neither treatment modified glutathione liver concentrations relative to preinjection values. After 48 hours of cold storage and 2 hours of reperfusion, livers from NAC-treated rats produced larger amounts of bile than those in the control group (5.04 +/- 1.92 vs. 0.72 +/- 0.37 microL/g liver; P < .05), and showed a significant reduction in liver injury, as indicated by reduced release of lactate dehydrogenase (679.4 +/- 174.4 vs. 1891.3 +/- 268.3 IU/L/g; P < .01), aspartate transaminase (AST) (13.94 +/- 3.5 vs. 38.75 IU/L/g; P < .01), alanine transaminase ALT) (14.92 +/- 4.09 vs. 45.91 +/- 10.58 IU/L/g; P < .05), and acid phosphatase, a marker of Kupffer cell injury (344.4 +/- 89.6 vs. 927.3 +/- 150.8 IU/L/g; P < .01) in the perfusate. Reduced glutathione concentrations in the perfusate were similar in the two groups (805 +/- 69 vs. 798 +/- 252 nmol/L/g), whereas oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations were higher in the control group (967 +/- 137 vs. 525 +/- 126 nmol/L/g; P < .05). Reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations in liver tissue collected at the end of perfusion were significantly higher in the NAC group (7.3 +/- 0.9 vs. 4.1 +/- 1.0 mumol/g; P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical Study of the Effects of Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap Stimulation After Cardiomyoplasty (1995)

In the majority of our patients, there was no short-term hemodynamic benefit of flap stimulation; therefore, we conclude that the efficacy of cardiomyoplasty may be a consequence of a passive "girdling effect," which limits the progression of ventricular enlargement and further deterioration of ejection fraction.
The Hydroxylation of Unsaturated Substances. IV. The Catalytic Hydroxylation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons<sup>1</sup> (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Hydroxylation of Unsaturated Substances. IV. The Catalytic Hydroxylation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons1Nicholas A. Milas and Sidney SussmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 11, 2345–2347Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01290a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01290a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views392Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organization and expression of genes involved in the production of the K88ab antigen (1981)

Escherichia coli K-12 minicells were used to study the expression of the genes located on plasmid pFM205, which contains the genetic determinant of the K88ab antigen. Plasmid pFM205 is composed of a 4,3-megadalton large deoxyribonucleic acid fragment derived from the wild-type K88ab plasmid pRI8801 (51 megadaltons) and the cloning vehicle pBR322. The K88ab deoxyribonucleic acid of pFM205 appeared to express six polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 81, 30, 29, 27, 26, and 17 kilodaltons, respectively. These polypeptides account for approximately 85% of the coding capacity of the cloned deoxyribonucleic acid. The 26-kilodalton polypeptide was found to react with specific anti-K88ab antibodies and therefore represents the K88ab subunit. The K88ab subunit and at least two other polypeptides (81 and 17 kilodaltons) were translated into precursors which were about 2 kilodaltons larger than the mature proteins. Plasmid pFM205 was used to construct deletion mutants. By analyzing these mutants in minicells the genes of the six polypeptides could be located on the physical map of pFM205. It appeared that deletion of the gene of the 81-kilodalton polypeptide resulted in an altered conformation of the K88ab antigen.
Analysis of non-ideal behavior of CAPD based time-of-flight pixels (2008)

An overview is given of the output of two main pixels based on a Current Assistant Photonic Demodulator (CAPD) and their usability in a ranging camera based on the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) principle. The first structure is based on an active pixel with an integrating capacitor, while the second structure is based on a transimpedance amplifier. A measurement system capable of interfacing with a one-dimensional array of CAPD pixels has been designed and is briefly discussed. The linearity of both CAPD pixels is measured, compared to each other and discussed. Several sources of non-idealities present in the CAPD output have been investigated, including differences between rise and fall time and duty cycle imperfections of the high frequency binary correlating signal, as well as CAPD bandwidth. The possible influences of such non-idealities of the correlating wave on the measurements as well as on the calculated distance are discussed. Resulting non-idealities in the raw CAPD output values include clipping and non-linearity, yielding offsets and non-linearities in the calculated phase difference between the original and the reflected signal. Theoretic values are shown and compared against measurements. Finally, inter-pixel properties of a one-dimensional array of CAPD structures are presented, as well as a sample range image acquired by scanning.
Electron-beam and emerging lithography for the magnetic recording industry (2004)

Today in 2004, the areal density in magnetic recording systems stands at approximately 100 Gbit/in<sup>2</sup>. It is projected to increase by 30-60% per year for the foreseeable future and reach 1 Tbit/in<sup>2</sup> around the end of the decade. The corresponding rapid reduction in bit dimension poses significant challenges for lithography, both now in the thin-film head, and in the future on the disk, with the possible transition to patterned media. In thin-film head production, the critical dimension is now less than 100 nm and by 2006 will be less than 50 nm. To meet these requirements, the magnetic recording industry in recent years has been turning to direct-write electron-beam lithography. However, advances in both electron-beam systems and chemically-amplified resists will be required as areal density approaches the Terabit per square inch regime. No lithography is presently used on the disk or media, but this could change within a few years if discrete track media or patterned media is introduced. The key challenge will be establishing a low cost manufacturing capability at the very high resolution bit dimensions required. One new technology that shows considerable potential is nanoimprint lithography, but significant tool development will be required to improve throughput and provide sufficiently low cost per disk. High-resolution electron-beam systems and advanced resists will also be required to fabricate the 1X master templates. Further in the future, a combination of lithography and self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles may provide a path to areal densities as high as 40 Tbit/in<sup>2</sup>.
Press Chamber Coating as External Lubrication for High Speed Rotary Presses: Lubricant Spray Rate Optimization (2005)

Lubrication of the tooling (punches and dies) is necessary to produce tablets. The most commonly used lubricant is magnesium stearate. Adding and blending magnesium stearate to the tablet mass often has negative effects on the properties of the compressed tablets (e.g., decreasing the tensile strength of the tablet). To avoid these negative effects, external lubrication systems were developed. This study investigated the functionality and the influence of a new press chamber coating system called the PKB II. The major difference between the PKB II and previous systems is its ability to spray a mixture of powdered magnesium stearate and air directly onto the punches and dies which was determined to allow the running of the rotor at higher speeds. The data showed a clear correlation between the spray rate of the lubricant and the concentration of the magnesium stearate per tablet. The PKB II was designed to allow for adjustments, in order to optimize the spray rate, by using the ejection force. The concentration of magnesium stearate was reduced to approximately 0.04% per tablet, using the PKB II. Additionally, the most common negative effects, such as the decrease in tablet tensile strength, were avoided by using this system.
Catalytic mechanism of graphene-nickel interface dipole layer for binder free electrochemical sensor applications (2018)

Abstract The combination of graphene with metal nanoparticles can produce enhanced catalytic properties because of synergistic effects, and has been used to develop highly active catalysts for different applications. However, the mechanism of the synergistic effect between graphene and metal is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that graphene-coated nickel foam shows a significant catalytic effect on electrodeless metal (gold, platinum, silver, and copper) deposition without any external reducing agent. This is attributed to the formation of an interface dipole layer, induced by the interaction between graphene and nickel. The interface dipole layer catalytic mechanism accelerates metal reduction reaction and explains the simultaneous formation of nickel hydroxide. The nickel hydroxide-wrapped silver hybrid self-assembly developed on the graphene-coated nickel foam serves as an efficient binder-free electrochemical sensor owing to its hierarchical structure.
Age dependency of resistance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow (1998)

The present study shows a small but critical increase in Rout with increased patient age. A notable residual variation was present and borderline values of Rout should be regarded and used with caution.
Sound-on-Film Recording Using Electrooptic Crystal Techniques (1953)

This paper deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of a sound-on-film recorder with no moving parts, utilizing the birefringence properties of certain crystals. The physical properties of various crystals, as well as final performance measurements of the entire sound system, are discussed.
A fuzzy classifier with ellipsoidal regions (1997)

In this paper, we discuss a fuzzy classifier with ellipsoidal regions which has a learning capability. First, we divide the training data for each class into several clusters. Then, for each cluster, we define a fuzzy rule with an ellipsoidal region around a cluster center. Using the training data for each cluster, we calculate the center and the covariance matrix of the ellipsoidal region for the cluster. Then we tune the fuzzy rules, i.e., the slopes of the membership functions, successively until there is no improvement in the recognition rate of the training data. We evaluate our method using the Fisher iris data, numeral data of vehicle license plates, thyroid data, and blood cell data. The recognition rates (except for the thyroid data) of our classifier are comparable to the maximum recognition rates of the multilayered neural network classifier and the training times (except for the iris data) are two to three orders of magnitude shorter.
Design of a new electrolarynx having a pitch control function (2002)

In order to improve a naturalness of an electrolarynx, we have designed a new method that can allow laryngectomees to control voice intonation by using their expiration. First, we investigated the ability of pitch control of 16 laryngectomees. From the results, two of the laryngectomees could control the pitch frequency accurately and the ability of pitch control improved after one week's training. Next, we have designed a new electrolarynx having a function of pitch control by expiration pressure. From the view point of naturalness of a spoken sentence and the easiness to control the electrolarynx, the optimal transform function was estimated. The pitch pattern of a sentence obtained by the electrolarynx became clearly similar to that produced from a normal subject after short time training.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Materials by the Cellulases of Bacillus subtilis (2001)

Cellulases produced by Bacillus (B.) subtilis were used for the saccharification of wheat straw, rice straw and bagasse. Pretreatment of these substrates with 2% NaOH was found to be more effective for increasing the saccharification. The saccharification rates of 33.0, 25.5 and 35.5% were obtained with 2% NaOH pretreated wheat straw, rice straw and bagasse, respectively. The saccharification of wheat straw was 33, 26 and 16.9% after 20 h at 50oC when 4, 6 and 10% substrate was used, respectively. The per cent conversion reduced with increasing substrate concentration. Same trend in the hydrolysis rates of pretreated rice straw and bagasse were observed when used at increased concentrations. The per cent saccharification of these substrates decreased when the concentration was increased to 10%. It was observed that the per cent saccharification of these substrates increased with increasing enzyme concentration.
Dynamic magnetic resonance inverse imaging of human brain function (2006)

MRI is widely used for noninvasive hemodynamic-based functional brain imaging. In traditional spatial encoding, however, gradient switching limits the temporal resolution, which makes it difficult to unambiguously identify possible fast nonhemodynamic changes. In this paper we propose a novel reconstruction approach, called dynamic inverse imaging (InI), that is capable of providing millisecond temporal resolution when highly parallel detection is used. To achieve an order-of-magnitude speedup in generating time-resolved contrast estimates and dynamic statistical parametric maps (dSPMs), the spatial information is derived from an array of detectors rather than by time-consuming gradient-encoding methods. The InI approach was inspired by electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) source localization techniques. Dynamic MR InI was evaluated by means of numerical simulations. InI was also applied to measure BOLD hemodynamic time curves at 20-ms temporal resolution in a visual stimulation experiment using a 90-channel head array. InI is expected to improve the time resolution of MRI and provide increased flexibility in the trade-off between spatial and temporal resolution for studies of dynamic activation patterns in the human brain.
La circulación o entrega vigilada o controlada de drogas y otras sustancias y efectos prohibidos (2015)

La preocupacion de la sociedad actual por el fenomeno de la criminalidad organizada ha llevado al Legislador espanol, en consonancia con la legislacion internacional en la materia, a incorporar nuevas tecnicas de investigacion de los delitos. El articulo 263 bis del Codigo Penal regula una tecnica de investigacion policial tendente al descubrimiento e identificacion de las personas involucradas en la comision de los ilicitos penales a que se refiere el precepto, y de prestar auxilio a las autoridades extranjeras en esos mismos fines.
Review of rare earth doped fibre lasers and amplifiers (1988)

Recent developments in rare earth doped fibre lasers and amplifiers are reviewed. Fibre lasers have been made to operate at a variety of wavelengths, including the important 1.3 ?m, 1.55 ?m and the 2 to 3 ?m regions in the infrared. The spectra of the rare earth ions and the nature of the host materials that make such lasing wavelengths possible are discussed. Methods for the manufacture of rare earth doped fibres are reviewed. A number of cavity designs for fibre lasers have been demonstrated, which have facilitated low loss coupling to transmission fibres, single longitudinal mode operation, Q-switching and mode locking. The performance of these systems is described. The operation of rare earth doped fibre amplifiers is also discussed.
Montana logging machine rates (2015)

Montana’s logging industry has changed significantly over the past two decades. Increased operating costs and subsequent diminishing returns, combined with a shifting paradigm in regards to active forest management have had significant impacts on the economic and demographic make-up of the industry. One way to address these changes and mitigate the associated challenges of continued viability is through analysis of the factors and constraints impacting routine operational costs. To provide a resource for comparison between commonly-utilized logging equipment, the hourly owning and operating costs of select mechanical, ground-based machines were calculated using the machine rate method from data supplied by western Montana equipment dealers. The results were compared to historical cost data, and reasons for increased logging expense were studied and discussed. Inflation-adjusted operating costs for ground-based equipment appear to be 32–86% higher than 20 years ago. Reasons include increases in equipment purchase price, fuel, labor wages and benefits, and repair/maintenance expenses as well as a decrease in the number of operational days per year.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN THE SYNTHESIS OF FUROCOUMARINS. PART XXIV. SYNTHESIS OF DIFUROCOUMARIN DERIVATIVES (1979)

Abstract Durch Erhitzen der Diallyloxycumarine (I), (V) und (VII) in siedendem Dimethylanilin, anschließender Umsetzung mit konzentrierter Schwefelsäure undDehydrierung der gebildeten Tetrahydrodifurocumarine über Palladiumkohle werden die isomeren Difurocumarine (IV), (VI) und (VIII) synthetisiert.
Automated quantitative microcolumn chromatography of haemoglobin A<sub>2</sub> (1991)

Automated cation exchange microcolumn chromatography of haemoglobins has been modified for the analysis of haemoglobin A2. It provides the quantitative data of sufficient precision and specificity for the investigation of potential heterozygotes for beta-thalassaemia. Results have been compared with an established method of electrophoresis followed by densitometry of the eluted bands.
On Secure and Fast Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems over F p (1994)

From a practical point of view, a cryptosystem should require a small key size and less running time. For this purpose, we often select its definition field in such a way that the arithmetic can be implemented fast. But it often brings attacks which depend on the definition field. In this paper, we investigate the definition field F_p on which elliptic curve cryptosystems can be implemented fast, while maintaining the security. The expected running time on a general construction of many elliptic curves with a given number of rational points is also discussed.
Sickle-cell anæmia (1933)

The gross and microscopic appearance found in the spleens of three individuals, natives of Nigeria, have been described at length. From the nature of the findings, a diagnosis of sickle-cell anæmia has been suggested as the only one possible in the circumstances. The literature obtainable on the subject has been consulted and the information obtained therefrom helps to confirm this view.
Automatic extraction of planar projections from panoramic range images (2004)

This work presents a segmentation technique to decompose automatically a panoramic range image into a set of planar projections. It consists of three stages. Firstly, two orthogonal surface orientation histograms are generated. Secondly, from these histograms the major surfaces orientations are extracted. Finally, a histogram of distances is computed for each one of these orientations; it would be used to define the position of the projection planes as well as the corresponding clipping planes. The original panoramic range image is divided into as many planar projections as main directions in the orientation histograms are extracted. This technique can be used with both indoor and outdoor scenes. Experimental result with a panoramic range image is presented.