gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An In Vivo Model System for Evaluation of the Host Response to Biomaterials (2013)

We describe an in vivo model system designed to evaluate the host response to implanted biomaterials: The partial thickness rat abdominal wall defect model. The model allows for determination of the temporal and spatial distribution of the cellular and vascular response, the remodeling of the implanted material and surrounding host soft tissue, and the function of the remodeled tissue over time.
Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amidohydrolase, the Enzyme Responsible for the Metabolism of the Endocannabinoid Anandamide, by Analogues of Arachidonoyl-serotonin (2003)

Arachidonoyl-serotonin inhibits in a mixed-type manner the metabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide by the enzyme fatty acid amidohydrolase. In the present study, compounds related to arachidonoyl-serotonin have been synthesised and investigated for their ability to inhibit anandamide hydrolysis by this enzyme in rat brain homogenates. Removal of the 5-hydroxy from the serotonin head group of arachidonoyl-serotonin produced a compound (N-arachidonoyltryptamine) that was a 2.3-fold weaker inhibitor of anandamide hydrolysis, but which also produced its inhibition by a mixed-type manner (Ki(slope) 1.3 microM; Ki(intercept) 44 microM). Replacement of the amide linkage in this compound by an ester group further reduced the potency. In contrast, replacement of the arachidonoyl side chain by a linolenoyl side chain did not affect the observed potency. N-(Fur-3-ylmethyl) arachidonamide (UCM707), N-(fur-3-ylmethyl)linolenamide and N-(fur-3-ylmethyl)oleamide inhibited anandamide hydrolysis with pI50 values of 4.53, 5.36 and 5.25, respectively. The linolenamide derivative was also found to be a mixed-type inhibitor. It is concluded that the 5-hydroxy group of arachidonoyl-serotonin contributes to, but is not essential for, inhibitory potency at fatty acid amidohydrolase.
Strategies for Managing Barriers to the Writing Process (2000)

Publication is essential to advancing nursing knowledge for clinical practice, but relatively few nurses publish the results of their research or other writings about clinical practice issues. This article identifies some common barriers to writing for publication-personal factors, such as inadequate knowledge and writing skills, lack of confidence, and low motivation for writing for publication; and situational factors, such as limited time, energy, and other resources constraints-and discusses strategies for managing such barriers. Key words:
Adaptive stochastic energy flow balancing in smart grid (2013)

A smart grid can be considered as an unstructured network of distributed interacting nodes represented by renewable energy sources, storage and loads. The nodes emerge or disappear in a stochastic manner due to the intermittent nature of natural sources such as wind speed and solar irradiation. Prediction and stochastic modelling of electrical energy flow is a critical characteristic in such a network to achieve load balancing and/or peak shaving in order to minimise the fluctuation between off peak and peak demand by power consumers. Before contributing energy to the network, a node acquires information about other nodes in the grid and the state of the grid in order to adjust its power injection to or consumption from the grid. The unpredictable behaviour of nodes in a smart grid is modelled and administered through a scheduling strategy control and learning algorithm using the historical data collected from the system. The stochastic model predicts future power consumption/injection to determine the power required for storage components. In the proposed stochastic model and the deployed learning and adaptation processes, two indicators, based on moving averages of different subsets of the time series are implemented to satisfy two objectives. The first objective is to predict the most efficient state of electrical energy flow between a distribution network and nodes. Whereas the second objective is to minimise the peak demand and off peak consumption of acquiring electrical energy from the main grid by using ant colony search algorithm (ACSA). The performance of the indicators is validated against limited autoregressive integrated moving average (LARIMA) and second order Markov Chain model. It is shown that proposed method outperforms both LARIMA and Markov Chain model.
A role for gelsolin in actuating epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated cell motility. (1996)

Phospholipase C-gamma (PLC gamma) is required for EGF-induced motility (Chen, P., H. Xie, M.C. Sekar, K.B. Gupta, and A. Wells. J. Cell Biol. 1994. 127:847-857); however, the molecular basis of how PLC gamma modulates the actin filament network underlying cell motility remains undetermined. We propose that one connection to the actin cytoskeleton is direct hydrolysis of PIP2 with subsequent mobilization of membrane-associated actin modifying proteins. We used signaling-restricted EGFR mutants expressed in receptor-devoid NR6 fibroblast cells to investigate whether EGFR activation of PLC causes gelsolin mobilization from the cell membrane in vivo and whether this translocation facilitates cell movement. Gelsolin anti-sense oligonucleotide (20 microM) treatment of NR6 cells expressing the motogenic full-length (WT) and truncated c'1000 EGFR decreased endogenous gelsolin by 30-60%; this resulted in preferential reduction of EGF (25 nM)-induced cell movement by > 50% with little effect on the basal motility. As 14 h of EGF stimulation of cells did not increase total cell gelsolin content, we determined whether EGF induced redistribution of gelsolin from the membrane fraction. EGF treatment decreased the gelsolin mass associated with the membrane fraction in motogenic WT and c'1000 EGFR NR6 cells but not in cells expressing the fully mitogenic, but nonmotogenic c'973 EGFR. Blocking PLC activity with the pharmacologic agent U73122 (1 microM) diminished both this mobilization of gelsolin and EGF-induced motility, suggesting that gelsolin mobilization is downstream of PLC. Concomitantly observed was reorganization of submembranous actin filaments correlating directly with PLC activation and gelsolin mobilization. In vivo expression of a peptide that is reported to compete in vitro with gelsolin in binding to PIP2 dramatically increased basal cell motility in NR6 cells expressing either motogenic (WT and c'1000) or nonmotogenic (c'973) EGFR; EGF did not further augment cell motility and gelsolin mobilization. Cells expressing this peptide demonstrated actin reorganization similar to that observed in EGF-treated control cells; the peptide-induced changes were unaffected by U73122. These data suggest that much of the EGF-induced motility and cytoskeletal alterations can be reproduced by displacement of select actin-modifying proteins from a PIP2-bound state. This provides a signaling mechanism for translating cell surface receptor-mediated biochemical reactions to the cell movement machinery.
Variations in the Marketable-Product Rule from State to State (2007)

Disputes pertaining to the proper calculation of gas royalty payments have led to much litigation and diverse case law.Many of these disputes concern the point at which the price of gas is valued for royalty payment purposes.The point at which royalty valuation occurs involves a determination of how the gas is valued and whether certain post-extraction costs may be deducted.This 1 article focuses on the second factor, the allocation of post-extraction costs.Post-extraction costs are those incurred after gas is extracted from the wellhead.The deductibility of post-extraction costs from a lessor's royalty 2 payment is a state specific and instrument-specific inquiry.This inquiry requires consideration of a state's particular treatment of the "at the well" phrase, as well as the extent of the lessee's duties under the implied covenant to market.The issue of post-extraction deductions has led to multiple class-action lawsuits filed by disgruntled lessors claiming that their royalties were underpaid due to the lessee's improper deduction of costs.Furthermore, these 3 lawsuits will continue because of uncertainties and variations in the courts' treatment of post-extraction costs and "at the well" terminology in royalty provisions.In addition, a state's rule regarding post-extraction costs affects the drafting of royalty provisions in oil and gas leases, because parties may contract around a state's default rule on the allocation of post-extraction costs. 41. 3
Transmission Disequilibrium Test (TDT) when Only One Parent Is Available The 1-TDT (1999)

The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) is a useful method to locate mutations linked to disease genes associated with complex diseases. TDT requires genotypes of affected individuals and their parents. Recently, Ewens and Spielman (Am J Hum Genet 1998;62:450-8) extended the TDT for use in sibships with at least one affected and one unaffected individual and devised a new test called the sib transmission/disequilibrium test (S-TDT). The S-TDT can be applied to diseases with late age at onset such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, psychiatric disorders, and diseases related to aging. For some disorders, it might be relatively easy to obtain the genotype of one parent either because the other parent is not available for study or he/she is not cooperative. Curtis and Sham (Ann Hum Genet 1995;59:323-36) showed that bias in transmitting certain alleles is introduced if only heterozygous parents and homozygous offspring are used in the TDT. In this paper, the authors propose a new test, the 1-TDT, to detect linkage between a candidate locus and a disease locus using genotypes of affected individuals and only one available parent for each affected individual. The test is not biased under the null hypothesis of no linkage or association. The authors validate their test using both simulated and real data sets. Finally, they show how to combine data from different types of families.
Subpicogram detection system for gas phase analysis based upon atmospheric pressure ionization (API) mass spectrometry (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubpicogram detection system for gas phase analysis based upon atmospheric pressure ionization (API) mass spectrometryD. I. Carroll, I. Dzidic, R. N. Stillwell, M. G. Horning, and E. C. HorningCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 6, 706–710Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60342a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60342a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views707Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
77 GHz center-fed differential microstrip antenna array (2011)

A differential microstrip antenna array design for millimeter-wave applications is presented. The antenna is fed by coupled microstrip lines, which facilitates the integration of antennas and differential circuits in RF-front systems. In this work, such an antenna array was designed for an autonomous cruise control application at 77 GHz. The antenna array has a bandwidth of 2 GHz at −10 dB return loss. The radiation patterns of co-polarization are stable over the bandwidth due to the center-fed structure. The 3 dB beam widths are 28 degrees and 78 degrees in the E-plane and the H-plane, respectively, and cross-polarization is very low. The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
Ultralow threshold 1.3-μm strained-QW lasers for high-speed optical interconnections (2002)

A monolithic semiconductor laser array on a p-type substrate with low threshold current and uniform characteristics, is required for parallel high-speed optical interconnections. The calculated results indicate that the threshold current should be lower than about 3.0, 1.4, and 0.7 mA at 25/spl deg/C for 200 and 500 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s applications, respectively, to get an error-free transmission at 850 /spl deg/C with a shorter turn-on delay time. This paper fully reviews the ultralow threshold properties of our 1.3 /spl mu/m strained-multi-quantum-well (MQW) laser.
Introduction (2012)

Abstract The aim of the book is to provide a comprehensive overview of major themes for policy and practice relating to lay engagement in public health activities. This chapter introduces the structure and scope of the book. It argues that active citizenship is a key issue for public health in the 21st century, both in the UK and internationally, and can been seen as part of a wider movement for greater patient and public involvement in health governance. Community participation is defined with reference to different interpretations and conceptual debates. The notion of lay health workers is introduced and examples of active roles in health improvement are given. The chapter describes the origins of the book and the evidence gathered through the ‘People in Public Health’ study.
A High Throughput Microfluidic Bioparticle Sensor (2007)

A micromachined resistive pulse sensor with multiple sensing microchannels was fabricated and tested. The device has multiple sensing channels operating in parallel, but integrated with just one sample reservoir and one power source. The throughput is improved significantly in comparison to a single channel device. The results with this four-channel device show that this device is capable of differentiating and counting micro polymethacrylate particles and Juniper pollens rapidly. A unique design, placing measurement microelectrodes in the center of the microchannels to circumvent the crosstalk caused by automatic electrical connection among microchannels is demonstrated.
STORAGE DURATION AND POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION DETECTION OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM FROM BLOOD SPOTS ON FILTER PAPER (2003)

To evaluate the effect of long-term storage of sample filters on the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of malaria, 252 blood spots from patients with microscopically confirmed Plasmodium falciparum malaria were analyzed and stratified by storage duration. The spots were collected between 1996 and 2000 on filter paper and stored at room temperature. A Chelex-based method was used to extract the DNA. Unexpectedly, after the first purification, the sensitivity of the PCR from recently stored samples was low and showed progressively increased with time storage (P = 0.003, by chi-square test for linear trend). This suggested that PCR inhibitors were easier to dissolve from the more recent blood spots (< 4 years old) than from blood spots > or = 4 years old, thus leading to a time-dependent increase in PCR sensitivity. However, if DNA was purified again (when the first PCR result was negative), the cumulative sensitivity was not influenced by storage duration. This indicated that length of storage is not a critical issue providing purification is sufficient.
Wulff Construction for Alloy Nanoparticles (2011)

The Wulff construction is an invaluable tool to understand and predict the shape of nanoparticles. We demonstrate here that this venerable model, which gives a size-independent thermodynamic shape, becomes size dependent in the nanoscale regime for an alloy and that the infinite reservoir approximation breaks down. The improvements in structure and energetic modeling have wide-ranging implications both in areas where energetics govern (e.g., nucleation and growth) and where the surface composition is important (e.g., heterogeneous catalysis).
Pathogenesis of colonic polyps in multiple juvenile polyposis:Report of a case associated with gastric polyps and carcinoma of the rectum (1979)

The pathogenesis of juvenile polyps of the colon was studied in a patient with multiple juvenile polyposis who underwent proctocolectomy for rectal carcinoma and antrectomy for associated polyps of the stomach. Numerous polyps up to 3 cm in diameter were present predominantly in the cecum and rectum, and in addition there was an adenocarcinoma in the rectum. Microscopically there were five categories of lesions: 1) Hyperplastic epithelial foci and small hyperplastic polyps; 2) Typical Juvenile polyps; 3) Juvenile polyps with focal adenomatous epithelium; 4) Adenomas; and 5) and adenocarcinoma. The five categories could represent a pathogenetic sequence, beginning with epithelial hyperplasia, leading to small hyperplastic polyps which become inflamed and enlarge, forming juvenile polyps. Focal adenomatous areas which develop in some juvenile polyps might give rise to adenomas and in turn lead to carcinoma. Although juvenile polyps are generally not considered to be premalignant lesions, this case demonstrates that neoplastic changes may occur in juvenile polyps in certain individuals, and raises the possibility that these may on occasion give rise to carcinoma.
Functional Diversity in Fungal Fatty Acid Synthesis (2010)

Acetylenic specialized metabolites containing one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds are widespread, being found in fungi, vascular and lower plants, marine sponges and algae, and insects. Plants, moss, and most recently, insects, have been shown to employ an energetically difficult, sequential dehydrogenation mechanism for acetylenic bond formation. Here, we describe the cloning and heterologous expression in yeast of a linoleoyl 12-desaturase (acetylenase) and a bifunctional desaturase with Delta(12)-/Delta(14)-regiospecificity from the Pacific golden chanterelle. The acetylenase gene, which is the first identified from a fungus, is phylogenetically distinct from known plant and fungal desaturases. Together, the bifunctional desaturase and the acetylenase provide the enzymatic activities required to drive oleate through linoleate to crepenynate and the conjugated enyne (14Z)-dehydrocrepenynate, the branchpoint precursors to a major class of acetylenic natural products.
Tricuspid regurgitation secondary to mitral valve disease Tricuspid annulus function as guide to tricuspid valve repair (2001)

The choice to treat the tricuspid insufficiency according to indexed tricuspid annulus dimension (> 21 mm/m2) has been effective in terms of clinical efficacy and of late functional result. Fractional shortening of the tricuspid annulus, expression of right ventricular cardiomyopathy in patients with poorest prognosis, affects the postoperative evolution of tricuspid insufficiency.
Polyurethane foam insulation in line interrupters (1967)

Electrical insulation for use in high voltage switchgear is usually categorized as either gas, liquid, or solid. Equipment designers use all three materials in combinations to achieve the maximum utility at minimum cost. Since high voltage switchgear is physically large, air insulation is most often used. Oil insulation is used where compact designs requiring heat dissipating means are needed. Solid insulation is most frequently used in parallel with gas or oil except in the most simple systems, such as cable. Extending the concept of solid insulation combined with a gas insulation to the limit of combination, a high efficiency system has been attained with modern plastic foam.
Modellbildung und Simulation in der Ökonomie (1996)

Ökonomische Systeme stellen komplexe vemetzte Systeme dar, deren Beherrschung ein „soft systems thinking” erfordert. Für die Modellbildung und Simulation bedeutet das, ein ganzheitliches Herangehen zu realisieren, die ungenügende A-priori-Information über das Unter suchungsobjekt zu berücksichtigen, Vagheit und Unschärfe der Systemgrößen zu erfassen und dem Nutzer den hohen Aufwand bei der Modellbildung durch einen rechnergestützten Entwurf zu erleichtern.
A Blow to Domestic Violence Victims: Applying the "Testimonial Statements" Test in Crawford v. Washington (2005)

The Supreme Court struck a fatal blow to 'victimless' domestic violence prosecutions 1 with its recent decision in Crawford v. Washington. 2 In Crawford, the Court held that the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment requires witnesses to appear in court. 3 Specifically, the Court held that in order for an unavailable witness's testimony to be admissible, the defendant must have had a prior opportunity for cross-examination. 4 This holding, which overruled precedent set twenty-four years earlier in Ohio v. Roberts, 5 was framed against the history of ex parte abuses that were made famous by Sir Walter Raleigh's trial for treason. 6 Unfortunately, Sir Walter Raleigh's story has little to do with the stories of domestic violence victims and ex parte abusers.The lack of guidance from the Court regarding the proper application of its 'new and improved' Sixth Amendment jurisprudence has resulted in a disturbing number of inconsistent holdings throughout the United States. 7More disturbing than the sheer number of inconsistencies, however, is the fact that the Court's academically
The Impact of a Normoglycemic Management Protocol on Clinical Outcomes in the Trauma Intensive Care Unit (2005)

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine if protocol‐driven normoglycemic management in trauma patients affected glucose control, ventilator‐associated pneumonia, surgical‐site infection, and inpatient mortality. Methods: A prospective, consecutive‐series, historically controlled study design evaluated protocol‐driven normoglycemic management among trauma patients at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Those mechanically ventilated ≥24 hours and ≥15 years of age were included. A glycemic‐control protocol required insulin infusion therapy for glucose >110 mg/dL. Control patients included those who met criteria, were admitted the year preceding protocol implementation, and had hyperglycemia treated at the physician's discretion. Results: Eight hundred eighteen patients met study criteria; 383 were managed without protocol; 435 underwent protocol. The protocol group had lower glucose levels 7 of 14 days measured. After admission, both groups had mean daily glucose levels <150 mg/dL. No difference in pneumonia (31.6% vs 34.5%; p = .413), surgical infection (5.0% vs 5.7%; p = .645) or mortality (12.3% vs 13.1%; p = .722) occurred between groups. If one episode of blood glucose level was ≥150 mg/dL ( n = 638; 78.0%), outcomes were worse: higher daily glucose levels for 14 days after admission ( p < .001), pneumonia rates (35.9% vs 23.3%; p = .002), and mortality (14.6% vs 6.1%; p = .002). One or more days of glucose ≥150 mg/dL had a 2‐ to 3‐fold increase in the odds of death. Protocol use in these patients was not associated with outcome improvement. Conclusions: Protocol‐driven management decreased glucose levels 7 of 14 days after admission without outcome change. One or more glucose levels ≥150 mg/dL were associated with worse outcome.