gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feeding Behavior of Chicks under Three Lighting Regimens (1979)

Individual eating patterns of broiler chicks from day 1 to 20 days of age were determined under three lighting regimens: 12 hr light and 12 hr dark (LD); constant lighting (LL); and constant darkness (DD). Growth rates were significantly higher under the LL and DD schedules. Feed efficiency was best for the LL group and poorest in the DD chicks. Average time spent eating at the end of 20 days was 12 to 15 min/hr for the LL and DD chicks and 25 min for the LD birds. Chicks under LD did not eat in the dark but learned to anticipate lights out, as indicated by significantly more time spent eating and longer meals 2 to 3 hr prior to lights out. Chicks under the LL and DD regimens ate every hour around the clock. Regardless of lighting regimen, significantly more time was spent eating when the caretaker was present from 0800 to 0900 hr daily. Within group variance was least for the LL chicks and greatest in the DD chicks, probably due to difficulty locating the feed containers and water bottles in total darkness. In addition to selecting chicks for efficiency of feed utilization, growth and egg production, behavioral criteria such as feed consumption per hour, and number of meals per day should be considered.
A Bayesian segmentation framework for textured visual images (2002)

This paper presents a new framework for segmentation of textured visual imagery. The proposed method consists of a Bayesian formulation for labeling similar regions. Similarity is defined via texture features obtained by Gabor Wavelets. Multivariate Gaussian distributions are employed to model the feature class-conditional densities, while the Markov process is used to characterize the distributions of the region labeling due to each feature. A coarse nearest neighbor clustering is performed over the feature space to estimate the initial labelings. An iterative solution to the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimation is developed, where the parameters of the prior distribution of region labels are estimated using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. Finally, for man-made object segmentation, a region-growing procedure is used to analyze the classified texture regions by incorporating measures of local shape characteristics to obtain smooth boundaries and region homogeneity. Results of the developed algorithm on real scene images are presented.
Dual Polarized Plane Wave Generator Design for Direct Far-Field Testing (2019)

A Plane Wave Generator (PWG) is an array of elements with suitably optimized complex coefficients, generating an approximate plane wave over a finite testing volume called the Quiet Zone (QZ). The PWG enables direct measurements of far-field performance of the Antenna Under Test (AUT) in a controlled indoor environment as an alternative to Compact Antenna Test Range (CATR). In this paper we present our sub-array-based approach to minimize the number of parallel transceiver modules controlling the complex excitations of the elements of the PWG.
A Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor, G-box-binding Factor 1, Regulates Blue Light-mediated Photomorphogenic Growth in Arabidopsis (2006)

Several transcriptional regulators have been identified and demonstrated to play either positive or negative regulatory roles in seedling development. However, the regulatory coordination between hypocotyl elongation and cotyledon expansion during early seedling development in plants remains unknown. We report the identification of a Z-box binding factor (ZBF2) and its functional characterization in cryptochrome-mediated blue light signaling. ZBF2 encodes a G-box binding factor (GBF1), which is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor. Our DNA-protein interaction studies reveal that ZBF2/GBF1 also interacts with the Z-box light-responsive element of light-regulated promoters. Genetic analyses of gbf1 mutants and overexpression studies suggest that GBF1 acts as a repressor of blue light-mediated inhibition in hypocotyl elongation, however, it acts as a positive regulator of cotyledon expansion during photomorphogenic growth. Furthermore, whereas GBF1 acts as a positive regulator of lateral root formation, it differentially regulates the expression of light-inducible genes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GBF1 is a unique transcriptional regulator of photomorphogenesis in blue light.
Allergic airway sensitization induces T cell activation but not airway hyperresponsiveness in B cell-deficient mice (1997)

B cells play an important role in the allergic response by producing allergen-specific Igs as well as by serving as antigen-presenting cells. We studied the involvement of B cells in the development of responses in a murine model of allergic airway sensitization. Normal and B cell-deficient (muMt-/-) B10.BR mice were sensitized via the airways to ovalbumin; Ig production, cytokine elaboration from local lymph node cells, development of airway hyperresponsiveness, and histological changes in the airways were evaluated. Both strains of mice had increased production of T helper 2-like cytokines and developed an accumulation of eosinophils in the bronchial tissue after airway sensitization. However, only wild-type mice produced allergen-specific antibodies and exhibited altered airway function. B cell-deficient mice reconstituted with anti-ovalbumin IgE during the course of sensitization developed increases in airway responsiveness. These results indicated that neither B cells nor IgE were necessary for the induction of a T helper 2-type cytokine response or eosinophil infiltration of the airways after allergic sensitization but that IgE was required as a second signal for the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in this model of airway sensitization.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Changes Gene Expression of Key Molecules of the Wound Healing Machinery and Improves Wound Healing In Vitro and In Vivo (2013)

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has the potential to interact with tissue or cells leading to fast, painless and efficient disinfection and furthermore has positive effects on wound healing and tissue regeneration. For clinical implementation it is necessary to examine how CAP improves wound healing and which molecular changes occur after the CAP treatment. In the present study we used the second generation MicroPlaSter ß® in analogy to the current clinical standard (2 min treatment time) in order to determine molecular changes induced by CAP using in vitro cell culture studies with human fibroblasts and an in vivo mouse skin wound healing model. Our in vitro analysis revealed that the CAP treatment induces the expression of important key genes crucial for the wound healing response like IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TGF-ß1, TGF-ß2, and promotes the production of collagen type I and alpha-SMA. Scratch wound healing assays showed improved cell migration, whereas cell proliferation analyzed by XTT method, and the apoptotic machinery analyzed by protein array technology, was not altered by CAP in dermal fibroblasts. An in vivo wound healing model confirmed that the CAP treatment affects above mentioned genes involved in wound healing, tissue injury and repair. Additionally, we observed that the CAP treatment improves wound healing in mice, no relevant side effects were detected. We suggest that improved wound healing might be due to the activation of a specified panel of cytokines and growth factors by CAP. In summary, our in vitro human and in vivo animal data suggest that the 2 min treatment with the MicroPlaSter ß® is an effective technique for activating wound healing relevant molecules in dermal fibroblasts leading to improved wound healing, whereas the mechanisms which contribute to these observed effects have to be further investigated.
Temporary dermal scatter reduction: Quantitative assessment and implications for improved laser tattoo removal (2005)

Temporary clearing of superficial skin layers may be performed in an apparently safe and reliable manner. Clearing should lead to increased penetration of laser light to tattoos and should, therefore, increase treatment efficiency. Further study is needed to determine the degree to which this change is of clinical value.
Self-assembling amphiphilic molecules: Synthesis in simulated interstellar/precometary ices (2001)

Interstellar gas and dust constitute the primary material from which the solar system formed. Near the end of the hot early phase of star and planet formation, volatile, less refractory materials were transported into the inner solar system as comets and interplanetary dust particles. Once the inner planets had sufficiently cooled, late accretionary infall seeded them with complex organic compounds [Oró, J. (1961) Nature (London) 190, 389-390; Delsemme, A. H. (1984) Origins Life 14, 51-60; Anders, E. (1989) Nature (London) 342, 255-257; Chyba, C. F. & Sagan, C. (1992) Nature (London) 355, 125-131]. Delivery of such extraterrestrial compounds may have contributed to the organic inventory necessary for the origin of life. Interstellar ices, the building blocks of comets, tie up a large fraction of the biogenic elements available in molecular clouds. In our efforts to understand their synthesis, chemical composition, and physical properties, we report here that a complex mixture of molecules is produced by UV photolysis of realistic, interstellar ice analogs, and that some of the components have properties relevant to the origin of life, including the ability to self-assemble into vesicular structures.
Planar lightwave circuit eight-channel CWDM multiplexer (2004)

We demonstrate a novel eight-channel CWDM multiplexer. The fully-packaged channel losses range from 3.1 dB to 5.5 dB, the 1-dB bandwidth is 16.5 nm, and the crosstalk is <-26 dB. This silica-waveguide device could have very low cost.
[Cd<sub>16</sub>In<sub>64</sub>S<sub>134</sub>]<sup>44−</sup>: 31‐Å Tetrahedron with a Large Cavity (2003)

The hole story? A super-supertetrahedral anionic cluster of 214 atoms and 80 tetrahedral units is prepared. The crystal structure has finite tetrahedral units of [Cd16In64S134]44− ions composed of four T4 supertetrahedra (see picture). Each cluster is nearly a regular tetrahedron with edge lengths of 31.06 and 31.07 Å, and has large octahedral cavity (yellow sphere).
PRECISION LASER-BASED CONCENTRATION AND REFRACTIVE INDEX MEASUREMENT OF LIQUIDS (1998)

Measurement of liquid concentration is important in fields such as chemical analysis and processing, diagnostics, and semiconductor manufacturing. This work presents a highprecision, noncontact, laser-based technique to measure the refractive index of liquid mixtures and solutions, which can be used to determine the concentration of a mixture. The technique can resolve extremely small changes in concentration, on the order of 0.01%. The essential components in the system include a HeNe laser as the light source, a precision glass cuvette as the liquid container and optical cell, and a very-high-resolution position sensor and high-precision digital voltmeter. The experimental configuration is small, reliable, and inexpensive. Results are presented for ethanol - water and methanol - water mixtures and two water - salt solutions, with very good agreement found between measured values and those reported in the literature.
Structural and Spectral Features of Selenium Nanospheres Produced by Se-Respiring Bacteria (2004)

Certain anaerobic bacteria respire toxic selenium oxyanions and in doing so produce extracellular accumulations of elemental selenium [Se(0)]. We examined three physiologically and phylogenetically diverse species of selenate- and selenite-respiring bacteria, Sulfurospirillum barnesii, Bacillus selenitireducens, and Selenihalanaerobacter shriftii, for the occurrence of this phenomenon. When grown with selenium oxyanions as the electron acceptor, all of these organisms formed extracellular granules consisting of stable, uniform nanospheres (diameter, approximately 300 nm) of Se(0) having monoclinic crystalline structures. Intracellular packets of Se(0) were also noted. The number of intracellular Se(0) packets could be reduced by first growing cells with nitrate as the electron acceptor and then adding selenite ions to washed suspensions of the nitrate-grown cells. This resulted in the formation of primarily extracellular Se nanospheres. After harvesting and cleansing of cellular debris, we observed large differences in the optical properties (UV-visible absorption and Raman spectra) of purified extracellular nanospheres produced in this manner by the three different bacterial species. The spectral properties in turn differed substantially from those of amorphous Se(0) formed by chemical oxidation of H(2)Se and of black, vitreous Se(0) formed chemically by reduction of selenite with ascorbate. The microbial synthesis of Se(0) nanospheres results in unique, complex, compacted nanostructural arrangements of Se atoms. These arrangements probably reflect a diversity of enzymes involved in the dissimilatory reduction that are subtly different in different microbes. Remarkably, these conditions cannot be achieved by current methods of chemical synthesis.
CANDELA - Integrated Storage, Analysis and Distribution of Video Content for Intelligent Information Systems. (2004)

The introduction of digital video has lead to a wide range of new video applications, including storage for information systems. Even though interactivity enables browsing and instant playback for such systems, the high information density and the large amounts of data result in cumbersome searching to find the information of interest. To solve this problem, the CANDELA project explores the combination of video content analysis, storage and retrieval for distributed systems. The concept of generating high-level content descriptions spans a wide range of new application. In this paper we elaborate on some parts by using the surveillance application as a pilot.
LOPES: a lower extremity powered exoskeleton (2007)

Due to aging of the population, growing numbers of people are affected by impairments of their motor system, caused by disorders like stroke. Treatment of stroke patients is very intensive in the amount of training per patient per day. The treatment duration per patient combined with the total number of people suffering from a stroke makes rehabilitation therapy extremely costly. This makes devices that could reduce the costs of therapy attractive to rehabilitation centres. Currently there are robotic rehabilitation devices under development for both the upper and lower extremities. Our group focuses mainly on the recovery of gait after stroke. The LOPES robot is designed for use in training on a treadmill to accommodate for limited space of rehabilitation centres and easy access for the therapist to the patient. As a 'robotic therapist' it is meant to make rehabilitation more effective for patients and less demanding for therapists.
Cautious Model Predictive Control Using Gaussian Process Regression (2020)

ISSN:1063-6536
Reducing roughness in extreme ultraviolet lithography (2017)

Pattern roughness is a major problem in advanced lithography for semiconductor manufacturing, especially for the insertion of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography as proposed in the coming years. Current approaches to roughness reduction have not yielded the desired results. Here, a new global optimization approach is proposed, taking advantage of the different strengths and weaknesses of lithography and etch. Lithography should focus on low-frequency roughness by minimizing both the low-frequency power spectral density and the correlation length. Etch should focus on high frequency roughness by growing the correlation length. By making unbiased measurements of the roughness, including the power spectral density, the parameters needed to guide these optimization efforts become available. The old approach, of individually seeking to reduce the 3σ roughness of pre- and post-etch features, is unlikely to lead to the required progress in overall roughness reduction for EUV.
Energetics and optimization of human walking and running: The 2000 Raymond Pearl memorial lecture (2002)

Humans seem to adjust their walking and running gaits to minimise the metabolic energy cost of locomotion. The walking speed that we tend to prefer is the one that minimises energy cost per unit distance, though faster speeds might seem preferable when time is valuable. At speeds up to 2 m/s, walking requires less energy than running, and we walk. At higher speeds, running is more economical, and we run. At each speed we use the stride length that minimises energy costs. A computer model that predicts metabolic rates for all conceivable gaits of a simple biped helps to understand these and other features of human gait. The energy cost of walking is increased on uphill slopes and also on soft ground. Consequently, zigzag paths should be preferred to straight ones, up hills of more than a critical gradient. Also, it may be more economical to divert a path around a hill than to travel along a straight line. Simple theories of optimum diversions are presented, both for hilly ground and for ground interrupted by marshy patches, on which costs of walking are increased. Energy costs are also increased by heavy loads, though it seems possible in some circumstances to carry moderate loads without measurable extra cost.
Design of high speed camera based on CMOS technology (2007)

The capacity of a high speed camera in taking high speed images has been evaluated using CMOS image sensors. There are 2 types of image sensors, namely, CCD and CMOS sensors. CMOS sensor consumes less power than CCD sensor and can take images more rapidly. High speed camera with built-in CMOS sensor is widely used in vehicle crash tests and airbag controls, golf training aids, and in bullet direction measurement in the military. The High Speed Camera System made in this study has the following components: CMOS image sensor that can take about 500 frames per second at a resolution of 1280*1024; FPGA and DDR2 memory that control the image sensor and save images; Camera Link Module that transmits saved data to PC; and RS-422 communication function that enables control of the camera from a PC.
Elevation of Oxidative Stress and Decline in Endogenous Antioxidant Defense in Elderly Individuals with Hypertension (2017)

Above findings indicate that elevation in oxidative stress and decrease in endogenous antioxidant level may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, it remains unclear whether oxidative stress causes or augments hypertension.
ACE Spectrum of LDPC Codes and Generalized ACE Design (2007)

The construction of good, finite-length, LDPC codes is currently an attractive research area. Reducing attention to the binary erasure channel (BEC), this problem translates into the problem of finding elements of selected (irregular) LDPC code ensemble with the size of the minimal stopping set being maximized. Faced with the lack of analytical solution to this problem, simple but powerful heuristic design algorithm, an ACE constrained design algorithm, was recently introduced. Building upon the ACE metric associated with every cycle in the code graph, we introduce the ACE spectrum of LDPC code as a useful measure of success in selection of the LDPC code from selected ensemble. Using ACE spectrum, we farther generalize ACE constrained design, making it more flexible and efficient.
Creating tissue microarrays by cutting-edge matrix assembly (2005)

Tissue microarrays have become widely adopted for effective parallel in situ analysis of hundreds of tissues placed onto single slides. Traditionally, tissue core punches are transferred into predrilled holes within a scaffold block of paraffin or other material, and sectioned transversely by a microtome to generate array sections. While core-based arraying has greatly advanced tissue analyses, some of the limitations include restricted feature sizes and numbers, variable core depths of unpredictable tissue quality and inability to array thin-walled, stratified tissue samples such as intestines, vessels or skin. Overcoming these limitations, the authors have developed a practical arraying method that combines serial cutting and edge-to-edge bonding of samples to assemble a scaffold-free array matrix -- cutting-edge matrix assembly. Using cutting-edge matrix assembly, the authors have successfully placed more than 10,000 individual tissue pieces on a single histology glass slide. The potential biomedical utility and ongoing efforts to further develop the assembly technology and analysis of high-density cutting-edge matrix assembly tissue microarrays is discussed.
Function and Frustration of Multi-Drug ABC Exporter Protein and Design of Model Proteins for Drug Delivery Using Protein Hydration Thermodynamics (2009)

The mechanism is presented whereby simultaneous hydrolysis of two molecules of ATP in the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) exporter protein, Sav 1866, opens a transmembrane channel to pump drug out of the cell and confers drug resistance, e.g., gives rise to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA. The proposed mechanism suggests pharmaceutical design strategies for overloading the capacity of two molecules of ATP to open access to the channel for export. Structural homology of Staphylococcus aureus, Sav 1866, to human P-glyco-protein and MRP2, suggests a similar mechanism could be relevant to human carcinoma cells. The transport mechanism utilizes two thermodynamic quantities -DeltaG(HA), the change in Gibbs free energy for hydrophobic association, and DeltaG(ap), an apolar-polar repulsive free energy for hydration, derived from studies on designed elastic-contractile model proteins (ECMPs). These quantities also allow design of remarkably biocompatible ECMPs as drug delivery vehicles with remarkable control of release profiles and of ECMPs that provide the means of developing pharmaceuticals for blocking multi-drug resistance.
In Vivo Modifications of the Maize Mitochondrial Small Heat Stress Protein, HSP22 (2001)

A maize (Zea mays L.) small heat shock protein (HSP), HSP22, was previously shown to accumulate to high levels in mitochondria during heat stress. Here we have purified native HSP22 and resolved the protein into three peaks using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Mass spectrometry (MS) of the first two peaks revealed the presence of two HSP22 forms in each peak which differed in mass by 80 daltons (Da), indicative of a monophosphorylation. Phosphorylation of HSP22 by [gamma-(32)P]ATP was also observed in mitochondria labeled in vitro, but not when purified native HSP22 was similarly used, demonstrating that HSP22 does not autophosphorylate, implicating a kinase involvement in vivo. Collisionally induced dissociation tandem MS (CID MS/MS) identified Ser(59) as the phosphorylated residue. We have also observed forms of HSP22 that result from alternative intron splicing. The two HSP22 proteins in the first peak were approximately 57 Da larger than the two HSP22 proteins in the second peak. MS analysis revealed that the +57-Da forms have an additional Gly residue directly N-terminal of the expected Asp(84), which had been converted to an Asn residue. These results are the first demonstrations of phosphorylation and alternative intron splicing of a plant small HSP.