gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Some Properties of Graft Copolymers with Uniform Polyoxyethylene Side Chains (1992)

Abstract Graft copolymers with uniform polyoxyethylene (PEO) side chains were synthesized by transesterification of poly(methyl, ferf-butyl fumarate) (PMtBF) or poly(methyl, tert-butyl fumarate-co-styrene) poly-(MtBF-co-St) with potassium alkoxide of PEO monoether. The grafting efficiency increased with enhanced alkoxide reactivity, but the main factor in the ester exchange proved to be the structure of the backbone. This effect was ascribed to the thermodynamic incompatibility between fumaric polymers and PEO. The polymers were characterized by spectral methods, GPC, and DSC. In THF the graft copolymers comprising a polyfumarate backbone with PEO side chains eluted at higher elution volumes than did the backbone homopolymers. In benzene their intrinsic viscosities were lower than those of the backbones. In aqueous eluents, micelles were detected, and their aggregation number depended on the composition of the copolymer and the eluent.
Shadow art (2009)

"To them, I said, the truth would be literally nothing but the shadows of the images." - Plato, The Republic Shadow art is a unique form of sculptural art where the 2D shadows cast by a 3D sculpture are essential for the artistic effect. We introduce computational tools for the creation of shadow art and propose a design process where the user can directly specify the desired shadows by providing a set of binary images and corresponding projection information. Since multiple shadow images often contradict each other, we present a geometric optimization that computes a 3D shadow volume whose shadows best approximate the provided input images. Our analysis shows that this optimization is essential for obtaining physically realizable 3D sculptures. The resulting shadow volume can then be modified with a set of interactive editing tools that automatically respect the often intricate shadow constraints. We demonstrate the potential of our system with a number of complex 3D shadow art sculptures that go beyond what is seen in contemporary art pieces.
Structure, surface area and morphology of aluminas from thermal decomposition of Al(OH)(CH3COO)2 crystals (2000)

Crystalline aluminium hydroxiacetate was prepared by reaction between aluminium powder (ALCOA 123) and aqueous solution of acetic acid at 96ºC ±1ºC. The white powder of Al(OH)(CH3COO)2 is constituted by agglomerates of crystalline plates, having size about 10mum. The crystals were fired from 200ºC to 1550ºC, in oxidizing atmosphere and the products characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and surface area measurements by BET-nitrogen method. Transition aluminas are formed from heating at the following temperatures: gamma (300ºC); delta (750ºC); alpha (1050ºC). The aluminas maintain the original morphology of the Al(OH)Ac2 crystal agglomerates, up to 1050ºC, when sintering and coalescence of the alpha-alumina crystals start and proceed up to 1550ºC. High surface area aluminas are formed in the temperature range of 700ºC to 1100ºC; the maximum value of 198m²/g is obtained at 900ºC, with delta-alumina structure. The formation sequence of transition aluminas is similar to the sequence from well ordered boehmite, but with differences in the transition temperatures and in the development of high surface areas. It is suggested that the causes for these diversities between the two sequences from Al(OH) Ac2 and boehmite are due to the different particle sizes, shapes and textures of the gamma-Al2O3 which acts as precursor for the sequence gamma- to alpha-Al2O3.
Experience in the Treatment of Cutaneous In-Transit Melanoma Metastases and Satellitosis With Intralesional Interleukin-2 (2009)

Although metastatic melanoma has a poor prognosis, cutaneous metastases represent a special case given their ready accessibility, making it possible for dermatologists to apply local treatment. We report our experience with intralesional treatment with interleukin (IL) 2 in 7 patients with cutaneous metastases from malignant melanoma. A total of 244 lesions in 7 patients with satellitosis and/or cutaneous metastases from malignant melanoma were treated with intralesional IL-2 twice a week. The maximum dose in each patient ranged from 3 to 18 million units per session, according to the number and size of lesions. Complete or partial remission was achieved in almost all lesions (95.9% and 3.7%, respectively). Only 1 lesion (0.4%)—the largest and located subcutaneously—did not respond to intralesional treatment and required alcoholization and subsequent surgical removal to achieve cure. All partial responses occurred in subcutaneous lesions larger than 2 cm. Treatment was well tolerated with only a few mild side effects (grade 1-2). IL-2 may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment option in patients with satellitosis and cutaneous metastases from melanoma. Lesions smaller than 2 cm and located in the epidermis or superficial dermis respond better than those larger than 2 cm or located in the subcutaneous cellular tissue. More studies are necessary to establish appropriate doses and regimens. A pesar del mal pronóstico del melanoma metastásico, las metástasis cutáneas constituyen un grupo especial por su fácil accesibilidad que lo hace susceptible al abordaje local por parte del dermatólogo. Describimos nuestra experiencia de tratamiento intralesional con interleucina 2 (IL-2) en 7 pacientes con metástasis cutáneas de melanoma maligno. Un total de 244 lesiones en 7 pacientes con satelitosis y/o metástasis cutáneas de melanoma maligno han sido tratadas con IL-2 intralesional administrada dos veces a la semana. Las dosis máximas por pacientes variaron entre los 3 y 18 millones de unidades/sesión, en función del número y tamaño de las lesiones. Se han obtenido remisiones completas (95,9%) o parciales (3,7%) en la gran mayoría de lesiones tratadas, una sola lesión (0,4%), de localización subcutánea y de mayor tamaño, no respondió al tratamiento intralesional y precisó de alcoholización y posterior extirpación quirúrgica para su resolución. Todas las respuestas parciales se observaron en lesiones de localización subcutánea y mayores de 2 cm. El tratamiento fue bien tolerado, con escasos efectos secundarios de intensidad leve (grado 1-2). La IL-2 puede ser una buena opción para el tratamiento de pacientes con satelitosis y metástasis cutáneas de melanoma con elevada eficacia y escasos efectos secundarios. Las lesiones menores de 2 cm y localizadas en epidermis o dermis superficial responden mejor que las mayores de 2 cm o localizadas en el tejido celular subcutáneo. Son necesarios más estudios para establecer las dosis y pautas de tratamiento adecuadas.
The Binding of [<sup>3</sup>H]AMPA, a Structural Analogue of Glutamic Acid, to Rat Brain Membranes (1982)

Binding of [3H]AMPA to rat brain membranes was investigated. The binding was saturable and reversible at physiological pH. Computer-aided Scatchard analysis of the binding data, as determined by using L-glutamic acid (L-GLU) to define nonspecific binding, suggested the presence of two independent binding sites, with KDS of 9 and 2440 nM, respectively. Additional freezing, thawing and washing sequences gave membranes with only one binding site, with a KD of 278 nM. [3H]AMPA binding exhibited the highest level in striatal membranes. A series of analogues of GLU and aspartic acid (ASP) were tested as inhibitors of [3H]AMPA binding. L-ASP and compounds which interact predominantly with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor sites were inactive as inhibitors of [3H]AMPA binding, whereas L-GLU and compounds which interact predominantly with glutamic acid diethyl ester receptor sites were inhibitors with the same order of potency as that shown by the excitatory action in vivo. The result suggests that [3H]AMPA might represent binding to an excitatory GLU receptor.
Audio Compression using Multiple Transformation Techniques (2014)

The paper presents a comparative study of audio compression using multiple transformation techniques. Audio compression with different transform techniques like Discrete Cosine Transform, Wavelet Transform, Wavelet Packet Transform (W.P.T) & Cosine Packet Transform is analyzed and compression ratio for each of the transformation techniques is obtained. Mean Compression ratio is calculated for all of the techniques and compared. Performance measures like signal to noise ratio (SNR), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), retained signal energy (RSE) are also calculated and compared for each transform technique. Transform based compressed signals are encoded with encoding techniques like Run-length Encoding (R.L.E) and Mu-Law Encoding to reduce the redundancies. From the comparison it is clear that Discrete wavelet transform gives better compression ratio of about 27.8593 compared with the other three transforms. Mean SNR value is minimum for DCT 29.2830, and comparatively higher mean SNR value 43.4037 for CPT.
New bimetallic compounds based on the bis(thiosemicarbazonato) motif (2006)

Zinc and copper bis(thiosemicarbazonato) complexes containing more than one metal centre have been prepared with a view to examining their application for molecular imaging. The zinc complexes are fluorescent with excitation and emission at relatively long wavelengths. The dinuclear copper complex undergoes two sequential, quasi-reversible reductions.
Conductor-loss limited stripline resonator and filters (1996)

We report on stripline resonators on thin dielectric membranes that show dispersion-free, conductor-loss limited performance at 13.5 GHz, 27.3 GHz, and 39.6 GHz. The unloaded-Q (Q/sub u/) of the resonators increases as /spl radic/f with frequency and is measured to be 386 at 27 GHz. The measured results agree well with a new conformal mapping analysis. The stripline resonators are used in a micromachined state-of-the-art planar interdigitated bandpass filter at K-band frequencies. Excellent agreement has been achieved between the microwave model at 850 MHz and the 20 GHz filter. The micromachined filter exhibits a passband return loss better than -15 dB and a conductor-loss limited 1.7 dB port-to-port insertion loss (including input/output CPW line loss) at 20.3 GHz.
Life Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for an Ethanol Production Process Based on Blue-Green Algae (2010)

Ethanol can be produced via an intracellular photosynthetic process in cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), excreted through the cell walls, collected from closed photobioreactors as a dilute ethanol-in-water solution, and purified to fuel grade ethanol. This sequence forms the basis for a biofuel production process that is currently being examined for its commercial potential. In this paper, we calculate the life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions for three different system scenarios for this proposed ethanol production process, using process simulations and thermodynamic calculations. The energy required for ethanol separation increases rapidly for low initial concentrations of ethanol, and, unlike other biofuel systems, there is little waste biomass available to provide process heat and electricity to offset those energy requirements. The ethanol purification process is a major consumer of energy and a significant contributor to the carbon footprint. With a lead scenario based on a natural-gas-fueled combined heat and power system to provide process electricity and extra heat and conservative assumptions around the ethanol separation process, the net life cycle energy consumption, excluding photosynthesis, ranges from 0.55 MJ/MJ(EtOH) down to 0.20 MJ/ MJ(EtOH), and the net life cycle greenhouse gas emissions range from 29.8 g CO₂e/MJ(EtOH) down to 12.3 g CO₂e/MJ(EtOH) for initial ethanol concentrations from 0.5 wt % to 5 wt %. In comparison to gasoline, these predicted values represent 67% and 87% reductions in the carbon footprint for this ethanol fuel on a energy equivalent basis. Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions can be further reduced via employment of higher efficiency heat exchangers in ethanol purification and/ or with use of solar thermal for some of the process heat.
High Aspartyl Proteinase Production and Vaginitis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women (1999)

Vaginal isolates of Candida albicans from human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) and HIV- women with or without candidal vaginitis were examined for secretory aspartyl proteinase (Sap) production in vitro and in vivo and for the possible correlation of Sap production with pathology and antimycotic susceptibility in vitro. HIV+ women with candidal vaginitis were infected by strains of C. albicans showing significantly higher levels of Sap, a virulence enzyme, than strains isolated from HIV+, C. albicans carrier subjects and HIV- subjects with vaginitis. The greater production of Sap in vitro was paralleled by greater amounts of Sap in the vaginal fluids of infected subjects. In an estrogen-dependent, rat vaginitis model, a strain of C. albicans producing a high level of Sap that was isolated from an HIV+ woman with vaginitis was more pathogenic than a strain of C. albicans that was isolated primarily from an HIV-, Candida carrier. In the same model, pepstatin A, a strong Sap inhibitor, exerted a strong curative effect on experimental vaginitis. No correlation was found between Sap production and antimycotic susceptibility, as most of the isolates were fully susceptible to fluconazole, itraconazole, and other antimycotics, regardless of their source (subjects infected with strains producing high or low levels of Sap, subjects with vaginitis or carrier subjects, or subjects with or without HIV). Thus, high Sap production is associated with virulence of C. albicans but not with fungal resistance to fluconazole in HIV-infected subjects, and Sap is a potentially new therapeutic target in candidal vaginitis.
Technical notes and research briefs (1990)

High-level spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) were measured from 16 ears using both spectral and time averaging. The purpose was to determine the source of an upward shift in frequencies of synchronized SOAEs (SSOAEs) observed while using a subroutine of the ILO88 system of Otodynamics Ltd. An HP3561A signal analyzer performed spectral averaging to extract SOAEs with no external stimulation applied to the ear canal. Synchronized SOAEs were derived using the ILO88 system performing time averaging following click stimulation. The frequencies of all SSOAEs were shifted upwards by 6 to 21 Hz when compared to corresponding SOAE frequencies determined with spectral averaging. Additional measurements of signals in a cavity and of click-evoked otoacoustic emissions in selected ears indicated that the frequency shift is the result of an error in the ILO88 software. Incorrect cursor readouts in the program cause an apparent upward shift in frequency of 12.2 Hz. This error was confirmed by the manufacturer.
SHG and internal conical refraction experiments in CsTiOAsO/sub 4/, comparison with KTiOPO/sub 4/ and KTiOAsO/sub 4/, for 1.32-μm type II SHG (1997)

The internal conical refraction angles between 0.5321.32 /spl mu/m, the phase-matching directions of 1.064 /spl mu/m type I second harmonic generation (SHG) and of 1.32-/spl mu/m type II SHG are measured in a sphere of CsTiOAsO/sub 4/ (CTA). The relative sign and absolute magnitude of two independent quadratic nonlinear coefficients are determined by 1.32-/spl mu/m phase-matched type II SHG conversion efficiency measurements in a sphere and strips: d/sub 15/=1.09/spl plusmn/0.09 pm/V and d/sub 24/=1.7/spl plusmn/0.6 pm/V at 0.65 /spl mu/m. AH the results are compared with previous work. The comparison of CTA with KTiOPO/sub 4/ and KTiOAsO/sub 4/ is made in order to evaluate the crystal which provides the highest conversion efficiency for 1.32-/spl mu/m type II SHG depending on the crystal length and on the beam waist radius.
Influence of oxygen saturation on the optical scattering properties of human red blood cells in the spectral range 250 to 2000 nm (2009)

The intrinsic optical parameters absorption coefficient mu(a), scattering coefficient micros, anisotropy factor g, and effective scattering coefficient micros were determined for human red blood cell (RBC) suspensions of hematocrit 33.2% dependent on the oxygen saturation (SAT O(2)) in the wavelength range 250 to 2,000 nm, including the range above 1,100 nm, about which there are no data available in the literature. Integrating sphere measurements of light transmittance and reflectance in combination with inverse Monte Carlo simulation were carried out for SAT O(2) levels of 100 and 0%. In the wavelength range up to 1,200 nm, the absorption behavior is determined by the hemoglobin absorption. The spectral range above the cells' absorption shows no dependence on SAT O(2) and approximates the absorption of water with values 20 to 30% below the respective values for water. Parameters micros and g are significantly influenced by the SAT O(2)-induced absorption changes. Above 600 nm, micros decreases continuously from values of 85 mm(-1) to values of 30 mm(-1) at 2,000 nm. The anisotropy factor shows a slight decrease with wavelengths above 600 nm. In the spectral regions of 1,450 and 1,900 nm where water has local absorption maxima, g shows a significant decrease down to 0.85, whereas micros increases.
Point-of-Use Membrane Filtration and Hyperchlorination to Prevent Patient Exposure to Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria in the Potable Water Supply of a Skilled Nursing Facility (2011)

Background. Healthcare-associated outbreaks and pseudo-outbreaks of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are frequently associated with contaminated tap water. A pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium chelonae–M. abscessus in patients undergoing bronchoscopy was identified by 2 acute care hospitals. RGM was identified in bronchoscopy specimens of 28 patients, 25 of whom resided in the same skilled nursing facility (SNF). An investigation ruled out bronchoscopy procedures, specimen collection, and scope reprocessing at the hospitals as sources of transmission. Objective. To identify the reservoir for RGM within the SNF and evaluate 2 water system treatments, hyperchlorination and point-of-use (POU) membrane filters, to reduce RGM. Design. A comparative in situ study of 2 water system treatments to prevent RGM transmission. Setting. An SNF specializing in care of patients requiring ventilator support. Methods. RGM and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria were examined in facility water before and after hyperchlorination and in a subsequent 24-week assessment of filtered water by colony enumeration on Middlebrook and R2A media. Results. Mycobacterium chelonae was consistently isolated from the SNF water supply. Hyperchlorination reduced RGM by 1.5 log 10 initially, but the population returned to original levels within 90 days. Concentration of HPC bacteria also decreased temporarily. RGM were reduced below detection level in filtered water, a 3-log 10 reduction. HPC bacteria were not recovered from newly installed filters, although low quantities were found in water from 2-week-old filters. Conclusion. POU membrane filters may be a feasible prevention measure for healthcare facilities to limit exposure of sensitive individuals to RGM in potable water systems.
Novel SCAMPs Lacking NPF Repeats: Ubiquitous and Synaptic Vesicle-Specific Forms Implicate SCAMPs in Multiple Membrane-Trafficking Functions (2000)

In vertebrates, secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) 1-3 constitute a family of putative membrane-trafficking proteins composed of cytoplasmic N-terminal sequences with NPF repeats, four central transmembrane regions (TMRs), and a cytoplasmic tail. SCAMPs probably function in endocytosis by recruiting EH-domain proteins to the N-terminal NPF repeats but may have additional functions mediated by their other sequences. We now demonstrate that SCAMPs form a much larger and more heterogeneous protein family than envisioned previously, with an evolutionary conservation extending to invertebrates and plants. Two novel vertebrate SCAMPs (SCAMPs 4 and 5), single SCAMP genes in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, and multiple SCAMPs in Arabidopsis thaliana were identified. Interestingly, the novel SCAMPs 4 and 5 lack the N-terminal NPF repeats that are highly conserved in all other SCAMPs. RNA and Western blotting experiments showed that SCAMPs 1-4 are ubiquitously coexpressed, whereas SCAMP 5 is only detectable in brain where it is expressed late in development coincident with the elaboration of mature synapses. Immunocytochemistry revealed that SCAMP 5 exhibits a synaptic localization, and subcellular fractionations demonstrated that SCAMP 5 is highly enriched in synaptic vesicles. Our studies characterize SCAMPs as a heterogeneous family of putative trafficking proteins composed of three isoforms that are primarily synthesized outside of neurons (SCAMPs 2-4), one isoform that is ubiquitously expressed but highly concentrated on synaptic vesicles (SCAMP 1), and one brain-specific isoform primarily localized to synaptic vesicles (SCAMP 5). The conservation of the TMRs in all SCAMPs with the variable presence of N-terminal NPF repeats suggests that in addition to the role of some SCAMPs in endocytosis mediated by their NPF repeats, all SCAMPs perform a "core" function in membrane traffic mediated by their TMRs.
Integration of Friend murine leukemia virus into both alleles of the p53 oncogene in an erythroleukemic cell line (1988)

The Friend virus-transformed erythroleukemic cell line DP16-9B4 has undergone a complex rearrangement of the p53 oncogene and lacks any detectable expression of the p53 protein. We report here characterization of both p53 alleles in this cell line and identify independent integrations of Friend murine leukemia virus sequences into the coding region of both alleles.
High-speed focused-ion-beam patterning for guiding the growth of anodic alumina nanochannel arrays (2003)

Long-range ordered arrays of anodic alumina nanochannels are grown by anodizing an aluminum covered with a patterned layer of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resist. The two-dimensional hexagonal-closed-packed pattern is created by focused ion beam (FIB) exposure of the PMMA and transferred onto the aluminum surface by phosphoric acid etching. The required exposure time per channel is only ∼20 μs, more than two orders of magnitude reduction in comparison with the previous method employing FIB direct sputtering of the aluminum surface.
Plasma Cell Neoplasms: Genetics, Pathobiology, and New Therapeutic Strategies (2014)

Plasma cell neoplasms are phenotypically heterogeneous disorder with broad spectrum, including plasma cell myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, and amyloidosis. Each plasma cell neoplasm is defined by diagnostic criteria and, accordingly, therapeutic strategies are developed. Scientists often have difficulties in discovering genetics of plasma cell neoplasms due to problem of sorting plasma cells. Deep sequencing utilizing next generation sequencing or single cell genomics are expected to break through this barrier, providing novel tools to characterize the plasma cell neoplasms.
Basic study on non-contact measurement of human oral breathing by using far infra-red imaging (2016)

In this paper, we study a method for non-contact measurement of human oral breathing. First, we propose a method for estimation of the state of oral airflow strength based on the change in temperature of oral cavity. Here, we suppose that the strength of oral breathing can be classified as four kinds of state. Next, we conducted simulation experiments to evaluate our proposed method using facial thermal images captured by three examinees. Experimental results showed that there were no false alarm that both inhalation and exhalation were classified into reverse state.