gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indian Ocean Experiment: An integrated analysis of the climate forcing and effects of the great Indo‐Asian haze (2001)

Every year, from December to April, anthropogenic haze spreads over most of the North Indian Ocean, and South and Southeast Asia. The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) documented this Indo‐Asian haze at scales ranging from individual particles to its contribution to the regional climate forcing. This study integrates the multiplatform observations (satellites, aircraft, ships, surface stations, and balloons) with one‐ and four‐dimensional models to derive the regional aerosol forcing resulting from the direct, the semidirect and the two indirect effects. The haze particles consisted of several inorganic and carbonaceous species, including absorbing black carbon clusters, fly ash, and mineral dust. The most striking result was the large loading of aerosols over most of the South Asian region and the North Indian Ocean. The January to March 1999 visible optical depths were about 0.5 over most of the continent and reached values as large as 0.2 over the equatorial Indian ocean due to long‐range transport. The aerosol layer extended as high as 3 km. Black carbon contributed about 14% to the fine particle mass and 11% to the visible optical depth. The single‐scattering albedo estimated by several independent methods was consistently around 0.9 both inland and over the open ocean. Anthropogenic sources contributed as much as 80% (±10%) to the aerosol loading and the optical depth. The in situ data, which clearly support the existence of the first indirect effect (increased aerosol concentration producing more cloud drops with smaller effective radii), are used to develop a composite indirect effect scheme. The Indo‐Asian aerosols impact the radiative forcing through a complex set of heating (positive forcing) and cooling (negative forcing) processes. Clouds and black carbon emerge as the major players. The dominant factor, however, is the large negative forcing (‐20±4 W m −2 ) at the surface and the comparably large atmospheric heating. Regionally, the absorbing haze decreased the surface solar radiation by an amount comparable to 50% of the total ocean heat flux and nearly doubled the lower tropospheric solar heating. We demonstrate with a general circulation model how this additional heating significantly perturbs the tropical rainfall patterns and the hydrological cycle with implications to global climate.
Purification and characterization of a protein with fibronectin determinants and phagocytosis-enhancing activity. (1982)

Abstract A 180,000 m.w. protein isolated from human plasma increases in a dose-response fashion the percentage of human peripheral blood monocytes able to phagocytose particulate activators of the human alternative complement pathway in an otherwise protein-free medium. Because the monocyte monolayers are prepared before the introduction of the protein, the enhanced ingestion of the particulate activators is due to the interaction of the particles with the monocytes and is not due to an increase in the number of adhering monocytes. The function of the protein is specific for particulate activators and is not directed to augmenting ingestion of particles bearing IgG. The protein was purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential affinity chromatography on gelatin-Sepharose, monoclonal BD4 anti-fibronectin-Sepharose, and monoclonal AB3 antibody-Sepharose. Comparable quantities of each of the two monoclonal antibodies in solution neutralized the phagocytosis-enhancing activity in gelatin-derived starting material equally and in a dose-response fashion. Although BD4 monoclonal anti-fibronectin, which recognizes both soluble native plasma fibronectin and the protein bearing the phagocytosis-enhancing activity, defined the antigenic relatedness of the protein to fibronectin, the AB3 hybridoma antibody, which recognizes the phagocytically active protein but not soluble native fibronectin, was critical for its purification to apparent homogeneity. Ouchterlony analysis with rabbit antibody to native fibronectin reveals partial identity between native material that lacks phagocytosis-enhancing activity and the active protein, indicative of antigenic deletion from the protein. As little as 1 µg/ml of the protein increases the percentage of monocytes ingesting rabbit erythrocytes from 3% to 50%; this represents a 100-fold increase in specific activity over the gelatin affinity-derived starting material. As the isolated protein possesses a gelatin-binding site and is antigenically related to native plasma fibronectin, it seems likely that its unique antigenic and functional characteristics are latent in the native molecule.
Use of liposomes as drug delivery vehicles for treatment of melanoma (2009)

Melanoma is a progressive disease that claims many lives each year due to lack of therapeutics effective for the long-term treatment of patients. Currently, the best treatment option is early detection followed by surgical removal. Better melanoma therapies that are effectively delivered to tumors with minimal toxicity for patients are urgently needed. Nanotechnologies provide one approach to encapsulate therapeutic agents leading to improvements in circulation time, enhanced tumor uptake, avoidance of the reticulo-endothelial system, and minimization of toxicity. Liposomes in particular are a promising nanotechnology that can be used for more effective delivery of therapeutic agents to treat melanoma. Liposomes delivering chemotherapies, siRNA, asODNs, DNA, and radioactive particles are just some of the promising new nanotechnology based therapies under development for the treatment of melanoma that are discussed in this review.
Analysis of axonal regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems of the NG2-deficient mouse (2007)

These findings show that NG2 is unlikely to be a major inhibitor of axonal regeneration after injury to the CNS, and, further, that NG2 is unlikely to be necessary for regeneration or functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury.
An implementation for a worm detection and mitigation system (2008)

In this paper, we present an integrated system for the detection and mitigation of zero-day scanning and mass mailing worms. The detection engine of our system utilizes the domain name system (DNS) anomalies of the worm traffic; an idea that has been noted by several security researchers. Once a worm is detected, the firewall rules are automatically updated in order to isolate the infected host. An automatic alert is also sent to the user of the infected host. The system can be configured such that the user response to this alert is used to undo the firewall updates and hence helps reduce the interruption of service resulting from false alarms. The developed system has been tested with real worms in a controlled network environment. The obtained experimental results confirm the soundness and effectiveness of the developed system.
Regulation of ΔNp63α by tumor necrosis factor‐α in epithelial homeostasis (2007)

A dominant negative form of p63, DeltaNp63alpha, is critical for maintaining the proliferative potential of epidermal stem cells and progenitor cells. The expression of DeltaNp63alpha also confers a selective advantage for cancer cell survival, underscoring the importance of DeltaNp63alpha in both normal and neoplastic stratified epithelia. Regulation of DeltaNp63alpha can be achieved at the transcriptional and post-translational levels, the latter being greatly influenced by external stimuli such as UV irradiation. In this study, we have found that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a multifunctional cytokine that has been implicated in epidermal homeostasis during normal and pathophysiologic conditions, also triggers the degradation of DeltaNp63alpha in immortalized keratinocytes and cervical cancer cells. Conversely, downregulation of DeltaNp63alpha sensitized cancer cells to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis, suggesting a counteractive interaction between TNF-alpha and DeltaNp63alpha in the regulation of epithelial cell death. The degradation of DeltaNp63alpha by TNF-alpha was delayed when cells were treated with nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitors, whereas the induction of apoptosis by TNF-alpha was accompanied by the dramatic upregulation of the proapoptotic gene Puma. These observations further elucidate the relationship between TNF-alpha and DeltaNp63alpha, two well-known mediators of epidermal homeostasis, and further suggest crosstalk between the two molecules in normal and pathophysiologic epidermis.
High-tone bulk acoustic resonator integrated with surface micromachined GBAR filter on a single chip (2005)

This paper describes a novel high-tone bulk acoustic resonator (HBAR) integrated with a surface micromachined FBAR (film bulk acoustic resonator) filter on sapphire substrate. The single-mode HBAR exhibited a loaded quality factor (Q/sub loaded/) of 3,580 at 2.5 GHz with a total size (including the contact pads) of 0.8/spl times/0.4/spl times/0.4mm/sup 3/. The integrated narrow band FBAR filter provides adequate suppression (>4dB) of the unwanted modes in the HBAR. This high Q and small size resonator is ideally suited for Pierce oscillator for voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) above 2 GHz.
Measurements of the absolute energy spectra of cosmic-ray positrons and electrons above 7 GeV (2002)

A measurement of the energy spectra of cosmic-ray positrons and electrons was made with a balloon-borne magnet-spectrometer, which was flown at a mean geomagnetic cut-off of 4.5 GV/c. The observed positron flux in the energy range 7–16 GeV is approximately an order of magnitude lower than that of electrons, as measured in other experiments at various energies. The power law spectral index of the observed differential energy spectrum of electrons is in the energy interval 7.5–47 GeV. For positrons the overall fit of the available data above 7 GeV has been considered. The spectral index is found to be and the fraction of positrons, /( + ), has a mean value of . The world data on /( + ) from 0.1 to 30 GeV indicate that a plerion type electron spectrum is preferred over the other types. The trend of the presently existing high energy data also suggests a possible contribution of positrons produced at the pulsar polar cap. High resolution experiments capable of identifying positrons at least up to 100 GeV with high statistics are required to pinpoint the origin of both electrons and positrons in the cosmic radiation.
Color filter array for CCD and CMOS image sensors using a chemically amplified thermally cured pre-dyed positive-tone photoresist for 365-nm lithography (1999)

'On-chip' color filters are commonly used to convert monochromatic, solid-state image sensor into color sensors because they offer a good compromise between cost and resolution for digital cameras. The color filters are fabricated directly onto the surface of the CMOS or CCD image sensors, which generates a mosaic array of pixel-size filter elements. Diazonaphthoquinone-novolak photoresist is used to produce these filters by successively depositing and patterning each color layer. The choice of colors can vary from additive to subtractive or combinations of both.
Monitoring for Corrosion and Microbiological Activity in a Cooling Water System (2002)

Abstract Corrosion of heat exchanger tubes and carbon steel piping at a chemical processing plant had been attributed to a high level of microbiological activity in the cooling water. Two electrochemical biofilm activity sensors with integrated data acquisition and data analysis capabilities were installed in the plant’s cooling system to augment the coupon-based corrosion monitoring activity. Those sensors provided the plant with an on-line measurement and early detection of biofilm activity on metallic surfaces. Sensor response was correlated with coupon examinations, determinations of biocide residuals, and determination of the numbers and types of microorganisms. Results from the plant monitoring activity are described. These results emphasize the necessity to integrate the various types of field and laboratory data to monitor and effectively control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC).
MQX‐503, a novel formulation of nitroglycerin, improves the severity of Raynaud's phenomenon: A randomized, controlled trial (2009)

MQX-503 is well tolerated and more effective than placebo for the treatment of RP.
Growth of [111]-Oriented Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Film with Smooth Surface to Improve Electrical Properties (1996)

[111]-Oriented lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films with smooth surfaces were successfully grown on (111)-oriented polycrystalline Pt substrates after in-situ Ar-plasma cleaning by low-temperature reactive sputtering and rapid thermal annealing. The Pb composition was stoichiometrically controlled not only for total composition but also in the depth direction by low-temperature reactive sputtering. A (111)-oriented perovskite-phase PZT film with a very smooth surface was then obtained by rapid thermal annealing. The leakage current of quasi-epitaxial PZT films was markedly reduced to 10 -7 A/cm 2 and the equivalent SiO 2 layer thickness of around 0.4 nm was obtained for the fatigue-free PZT films thinner than 100 nm.
High-Efficiency Ozonizer Using Traveling Wave Pulse Voltage (1986)

The energy yield of ozone generation can be raised substantially by using a fast-rising narrow pulse voltage in combination with a transmission-line type ozonizer. The pulse voltage proceeds in the form of a traveling wave to produce very active coronas. Both wire-to-cylinder type ozonizers and parallel-strip-line-with-insulator type ozonizers are tested. The former produces streamer coronas along the wire and indicates a high ozonizer-based energy yield Yo but its volume yield Yu is very low. The latter produces pulse-induced intense-glow coronas, and indicates very high Yo and Yu. However, the energy yield based on the stored energy of the pulse-forming condenser Yc still remains low, because of poor coupling of the pulse energy with the ozonizers. The plate-type ozonizer, comprising zigzag-shaped strip-line electrodes on the insulator plates, represents one of the practical embodiments of the stripline ozonizer. The pulse-peaking method provides a possibility of enhancing the level of Yo. An improvement of the coupling method is likely to improve the level of Yc.
Copolycarbonates of isosorbide and various diols (2006)

Abstract Isosorbide and equimolar amounts of various diols were polycondensed with diphosgene and pyridine. Bisphenol A, 3,3′‐dimethyl bisphenol A, bisphenol C, 1,3‐bis(4‐hydroxybenzoyloxy)propane, and 1,4‐cyclohexane diol were used as comonomers. The compositions were determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy; the random sequences were characterized by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. For the high‐molar‐mass copolycarbonates of bisphenol A, 3,3′‐dimethyl bisphenol A, and bisphenol C, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry proved that the chain growth was mainly limited by cyclization. Copolycarbonates with alternating sequences were obtained by the polycondensation of bisphenol A with isosorbide bischloroformiate or from isosorbide and bisphenol A bischloroformiate. In these cases, large amounts of cyclic oligo‐ and polycarbonates were also formed. The glass‐transition temperatures were determined by differential scanning calorimetry measurements. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3616–3628, 2006
Unsupervised feature selection via two-way ordering in gene expression analysis (2003)

More results and software are online: http://www.nersc.gov/~cding/2way.
N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)pyrrole: a promising compound for synthesis of chiral nonracemic hydroxylated pyrrolidine derivatives (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)pyrrole: a promising compound for synthesis of chiral nonracemic hydroxylated pyrrolidine derivativesGiovanni Casiraghi, Gloria Rassu, Pietro Spanu, and Luigi PinnaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 14, 3760–3763Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00040a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00040a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views749Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Theme-based retrieval of Web news (poster session) (2000)

We present our framework for classification of Web news, based on support vector machines, and some of the initial measurements of its accuracy.
Determination of contact angles and pore sizes of porous media by column and thin layer wicking (1992)

A simple method is described for the determination of contact angles (0) on powdered materials such as clay particles. This is done by depositing the particles from a liquid suspension onto glass slides, by sedimentation, followed by drying. The dried thin-layer plates are then subjected to wicking in a number of liquids using the Washhurn equation to determine cos . However, one other unknown in the Washburn equation, i.e. the average interstitial pore radius R, must first be determined. This is done by wicking with low-energy spreading liquids, such as alkanes. It could be shown with spherical monosized polymer particles, as well as with clay particles, that spreading liquids pre-wet the surfaces of the particles over which they subsequently spread. Thus, it can be demonstrated that spreading coefficients, in the sense of Harkins, play no role in this type of spreading and cos 0 equals unity in the Washburn equation for all values of γ1, for all spreading liquids (L). Results were obtained by thin layer wicking, yielding the surface tension components and parameters for the clays talc and illite. These results also indicate that with non-spreading, apolar as well as polar liquids (including water), no spreading pressure occurs on the materials tested.
A 60-GHz Dual-Vector Doherty Beamformer (2017)

In this paper, we demonstrate a 60-GHz transmit beamformer implemented in 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology which includes a Doherty amplifier driven by a dual-vector phase rotator (DVR). In addition, a benchmarking circuit comprising another DVR followed by two class-AB amplifiers, each nearly identical to the carrier amplifier within the Doherty, is included which allows us to measure the Doherty improvement in terms of efficiency and output power over conventional approaches. The dual-vector Doherty element achieves 28-dB gain with an output 1-dB compression point of +16.7 dBm. A power-added efficiency (PAE) of 16.5% is realized at 1-dB compression, with 10.8% and 7% PAE at 3- and 6-dB back-off, respectively. A stand-alone Doherty amplifier achieves a 17.1-dBm output 1-dB compression point at 23.7% PAE and a 6-dB back-off PAE of 13%. The DVR performs the phase shifting for each phased-array element necessary for beamforming, as well as providing tunable amplitude balance and phase separation between input signals to the Doherty amplifier. This allows optimization of both linearity and efficiency profiles across frequency. The Doherty element is capable of generating full 360° phase shifts with 5-b accuracy having root-mean-squared errors less than 0.6 dB in amplitude and 6° in phase from 60 to 66 GHz.
E-box-binding Repressor Is Down-regulated in Hepatic Stellate Cells during Up-regulation of Mannose 6-Phosphate/Insulin-like Growth Factor-II Receptor Expression in Early Hepatic Fibrogenesis (1998)

Hepatic stellate cells become activated during the early stages of hepatic injury associated with fibrogenesis. The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor (M6P/IGFIIR) plays an important role in early fibrogenesis by participating in the activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta, a potent inducer of the matrix proteins in activated stellate cells that define the fibrotic phenotype. In this study we examined hepatic stellate cell regulation of M6P/IGFIIR expression and found that M6P/IGFIIR mRNA transcript levels increased in stellate cells from rats exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a potent fibrogenic stimulant. Two E-boxes residing in the proximal promoter of M6P/IGFIIR were found to each bind a novel 75-kDa transcription factor (P75) in quiescent stellate cells of normal livers. This E-box binding was down-regulated as an early response in stellate cells exposed to CCl4, coinciding with increased M6P/IGFIIR transcript levels. Mutagenized E-boxes in M6P/IGFIIR promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter constructs produced a substantial increase in reporter expression when compared with the corresponding native promoter-CAT construct when transfected in culture-activated stellate cells, suggesting P75's role as a repressor. The results indicate P75's participation in the regulation of M6P/IGFIIR transcription in hepatic stellate cells during fibrogenesis.
Generating Schema Labels through Dataset Content Analysis (2018)

Impoverished descriptions and convoluted schema labels are common challenges in data-centric tasks such as schema matching and data linking, especially when datasets can span domains. To address these issues, we consider the task of schema label generation. Typically, schema labels are created by dataset providers and are useful for users to understand a dataset. The motivation behind the task is that a lot of data linking systems require overlapping information between two datasets and rely on unique identifiers of schema labels. Moreover, it is common for schema labels in different datasets to have different identifiers even when they refer to the same concept. With no naming standard for schema labels, unintelligible labels are widely found in real-world datasets. For example, many schema labels contain abbreviations and compound nouns that hinder automated matching of attributes in corresponding datasets. Through schema label generation, more common (and thus understandable) schema labels can be provided to allow for broader schema matches in contexts such as dataset search and data linking. We develop a variety of features based on analysis of dataset content to enable machine learning methods to recommend useful labels. We test our approach on two real-world data collections and demonstrate that our method is able to outperform the alternative approach.