gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of water in glycerol (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of water in glycerolC. P. Spaeth and G. F. HutchisonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1936, 8, 1, 29–32Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50099a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50099a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Why do red and dark-coloured cars lure aquatic insects? The attraction of water insects to car paintwork explained by reflection–polarization signals (2006)

We reveal here the visual ecological reasons for the phenomenon that aquatic insects often land on red, black and dark-coloured cars. Monitoring the numbers of aquatic beetles and bugs attracted to shiny black, white, red and yellow horizontal plastic sheets, we found that red and black reflectors are equally highly attractive to water insects, while yellow and white reflectors are unattractive. The reflection-polarization patterns of black, white, red and yellow cars were measured in the red, green and blue parts of the spectrum. In the blue and green, the degree of linear polarization p of light reflected from red and black cars is high and the direction of polarization of light reflected from red and black car roofs, bonnets and boots is nearly horizontal. Thus, the horizontal surfaces of red and black cars are highly attractive to red-blind polarotactic water insects. The p of light reflected from the horizontal surfaces of yellow and white cars is low and its direction of polarization is usually not horizontal. Consequently, yellow and white cars are unattractive to polarotactic water insects. The visual deception of aquatic insects by cars can be explained solely by the reflection-polarizational characteristics of the car paintwork.
Regression modeling of competing crude failure probabilities (2001)

In a randomized trial of tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer, women can experience tumor recurrence or die from competing causes. One goal of analysis is to describe the effect of tamoxifen on the probabilities of recurrence or death from other causes. To this end, we propose a semi-parametric transformation model for the crude failure probabilities of a competing risk, conditional on covariates. The model is developed as an extension of the standard approach to survival data with independent right censoring. Estimation of the regression coefficients is achieved with a rank-based least squares criterion. Simulations show that the procedure works well with practical sample sizes. A separate estimating function is developed for the baseline parameter. Prediction of covariate-adjusted failure probabilities is considered. The methodology is motivated and illustrated with data from the tamoxifen trial.
Single Flux Quantum Based Ultrahigh Speed Spiking Neuromorphic Processor Architecture (2018)

Artificial neural networks inspired by brain operations can improve the possibilities of solving complex problems more efficiently. Today's computing hardware, on the other hand, is mainly based on von Neumann architecture and CMOS technology, which is inefficient at implementing neural networks. For the first time, we propose an ultrahigh speed, spiking neuromorphic processor architecture built upon single flux quantum (SFQ) based artificial neurons (JJ-Neuron). Proposed architecture has the potential to provide higher performance and power efficiency over the state of the art including CMOS, memristors and nanophotonics devices. JJ-Neuron has the ultrafast spiking capability, trainability with commodity design software even after fabrication and compatibility with commercial CMOS and SFQ foundry services. We experimentally demonstrate the soma part of the JJ-Neuron for various activation functions together with peripheral SFQ logic gates. Then, the neural network is trained for the IRIS dataset and we have shown 100% match with the results of the offline training with 1.2x${10}^{10}$ synaptic operations per second (SOPS) and 8.57x${10}^{11}$ SOPS/W performance and power efficiency, respectively. In addition, scalability for ${10}^{18}$ SOPS and ${10}^{17}$ SOPS/W is shown which is at least five orders of magnitude more efficient than the state of the art CMOS circuits and one order of magnitude more efficient than estimations of nanophotonics-based architectures.
A BAYESIAN NETWORK APPROACH TO RATIONAL ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN (2005)

In software architecture design, we explore design alternatives and make decisions about adoption or rejection of a design from a web of complex and often uncertain information. Different architectural design decisions may lead to systems that satisfy the same set of functional requirements but differ in certain quality attributes. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian Network based approach to rational architectural design. Our Bayesian Network helps software architects record and make design decisions. We can perform both qualitative and quantitative analysis over the Bayesian Network to understand how the design decisions influence system quality attributes, and to reason about rational design decisions. We use the KWIC (Key Word In Context) example to illustrate the principles of our approach.
Nonoperative Embryo Transfer to the Fallopian Tube (1988)

FERTILIZATION of the human oocyte by a spermatozoon and early development of the fertilized ovum take place in the lumen of the fallopian tube.1 When infertility is caused by disease of the fallopian tubes, in vitro fertilization has an important role in its treatment.2 3 4 5 6 In vitro fertilization in humans first became practicable in the 1970s, when operative laparoscopy made it possible to aspirate ovarian follicles7; more recently, in vitro fertilization has been simplified by the use of ultrasound-guided transvaginal ovarian puncture to collect oocytes for fertilization, obviating the need for general anesthesia and for hospitalization.8 , 9 In either case, the . . .
Internal Reflection Spectroscopy (1985)

Abstract The history of internal reflection spectroscopy (IRS), also known as attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (ATR), began nearly two centuries ago with the observation by Newton [l] of an evanescent field in a lower index of refraction medium in contact with a higher index of refraction medium in which a propagating wave of radiation undergoes total internal reflection (TIR). However, the exploitation of this phenomenon for the production of absorption spectra did not begin until the pioneering development work of Harrick [2, 31 and Fahrenfort [4]. After the disclosure on the technique in the literature in 1960, a flurry of publications exploiting it for a wide variety of applications ensued. By 1967 a large body of literature existed which was sufficient to justify a monograph by Harrick [5] and a review by Wilks and Hirschfeld [6], These publications thoroughly reviewed the history and applications of IRS up until that time. Although the IRS technique appeared to promise a ready solution for a wide range of problems which were difficult or intractable by other techniques, such as transmission IR, its general use was hampered by doubts about its reproducibility and capability to be quantitative, Some of the problems which diminished the use of the IRS technique include sample contact to the internal reflection element (IRE) 7-91, spectrometer requirements [101, and data-handling requirements [111.
The weighted median filter (1984)

The median filter is well-known [ 1, 2 ]. However, if a user wishes to predefine a set of feature types to remove or retain, the median filter does not necessarily satisfy the requirements. A more general filter, called the Weighted Median Filter, of which the median filter is a special case, is described. It enables filters to be designed with a wide variety of properties. Particular cases of filter requirements are discussed and the corresponding filters are derived. The notion of a minimal weighted median filter, of a subclass that act identically, is introduced and discussed. The question of finding the number of distinct ways a class of filters can act is considered and solved for some classes.
Data Skills : Capacity Development (2019)

The World Bank has developed a series of courses to provide knowledge and skills for both practitioners and users of open data. Each course in the series is designed for a distinct user segment, and provides deep technical skills, extensive examples and case studies, with an emphasis on open data in developing countries. Each course curriculum is designed to introduce open data to a target audience. Specifically, author offer one course each for data producers, data users, and policymakers. The curriculum is deliberately designed to be portable and extensible, to be useful across country contexts. The curriculum comprises three separate e-learning courses, which can be delivered as either self-paced courses or as facilitated and group learning. Delivery of each course can be complemented by Training of Trainers workshops to enable further delivery of these courses by local counterparts.
A polymorphic GT repeat from the human cardiac Na<sup>+</sup>Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchanger intron 2 activates splicing (2001)

The sequence analysis of the human intron 2 from the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1) gene has revealed a GT repeat of variable length (10-16). The 5' sequence of intron 2 exhibited significant homology (65-70%) with other minisatellite sequences. DNA segments at the 5' end of intron 2 were inserted in the NCX1 cDNA (3.7 kb) to reconstruct the exon 2/intron 2 junction. Transient expression of these constructs in HEK293 cells generated shortened mRNAs ( approximately 2.5 kb). RT-PCR and ribonuclease protection analysis of the 3' end of the short transcripts indicated a splicing event at the intron 2/exon 2 junction (5' site) and in the vector sequence downstream of the NCX1 insert (3' site). Molecular dissection of the 5'-intron 2 sequence showed that the GT repeat was required for splicing activation, whereas the remainder of the 5'-intron 2 segment was completely inactive. The results indicate that the GT repeat is a strong intronic splicing enhancer that could be involved in the regulation of NCX1 expression, possibly mediating tissue-specific alternative splicing of the mutually exclusive exons 3 and 4, and/or exon-2 circularization.
Estimation of Directional Wave Spectra from an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) (2005)

Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology (UUST'99), August 22-25, 1999
Facile and Unified Approach to Skeletally Diverse, Privileged Scaffolds (2011)

A novel strategy has been developed to generate a diverse array of privileged scaffolds from readily available tetrahydropyridine precursors that may be prepared by a multicomponent assembly process followed by a ring-closing metathesis. The functionality embedded in these key intermediates enables their facile elaboration into more complex structures of biological relevance by a variety of ring-forming processes and refunctionalizations.
Food Safety Efforts Accelerate in the 1990's (2000)

Awareness of the health risks from foodborne disease has increased over the past 10 years. Although the Nation's food supply remains among the safest in the world, widely publicized outbreaks of foodborne illness caused by such sources as Escherichia coli (E. coli) 0157:H7 in hamburger, Listeria monocytogenes in hot dogs, and Salmonella in poultry and eggs have raised the public's concerns about risks from microbial pathogens in food. The Federal Government and the private sector have responded with a variety of efforts to protect and enhance the safety of the foods we eat. This article reviews the important events in food safety of the last decade and looks ahead at new efforts to reduce microbial contamination of foods.
Multiple-Gate In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As Channel n-MOSFETs with Self-Aligned Ni-InGaAs Contacts (2012)

10.1149/2.014202jss
High-power valves: construction, testing, and operation (1938)

In the Introduction the authors discuss how the development of high-power valves is influenced by the standard of reliability demanded by such services as broadcasting.The principles governing the constructional design of each main part of the valve are outlined; differential expansion frequently appears as a controlling factor.The glass-work is of lead-potash-soda glass, the anodes of thick copper tubing; for glass-to-metalseals nickel-iron alloy is preferred, but copper is sometimes used.Insulating members have been eliminated from the active part of the valve. Grids are not cross-braced, grid seals include a large ring section let into the bulb, and there is an 8-lead multiple seal for pentodes.Cathode seals for 1 000 amperes are described; these support the whole cathode system, the evolution of which into a freehanging multiple construction is outlined. Heat transferbetween anode and cooling liquid is discussed, and also forcedair cooling.Modern evacuation technique proves to be governed by two effects; the lower readings of grid current in the “gas test” are shown to be due to photo-electric electron emission caused by X-rays from the anode and not directly to gas, and the clean-up capability of the valve is found to be very large.The method is described for determining the operating filament voltage for a standard emission by extrapolation to full emission from a reduced-emission test. Examination of the statistics of emission-test data shows that former variations are to be ascribed to variable thermal emissivity and not variable dimensions.Methods are given for extrapolating low-power spacecurrent readings into the operating region, with allowance for division between anode and grid, and the “tail” of the anodecurrent characteristic is discussed. The control of the secondary-emission component of the grid current and the effect of the magnetic field of the filament are described.An account is given of later experiments and of recent experience with flash-arc breakdowns (Rocky Point effect).Recommendations are made for switching-on filaments and anode potential in operation, and for purity of cooling water.Curves are shown of the distribution of evaporation wastage in various types of filament. Typical valve-life data from normal operation are illustrated by survivor curves for constant voltage and for constant emission during life, and Table is given showing the recent performance of the largest valves at three stations.A table of ratings for the various types of valve covered by the paper is also included.
Dry Concentrate (DC) Spray Adjuvants (1997)

Research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of three dry concentrate (DC) adjuvants. COHORT® DC (organic nonionic surfactant) and KINETIC® DC (silicone-based nonionic surfactant) were as effective or more effective than conventional liquid formulation surfactants. NXS ™ DC buffering agent was more effective at maintaining spray solution pH than the liquid buffering agent BUFFER P.S. ™
Anthracene array-type porous coordination polymer with host–guest charge transfer interactions in excited states (2007)

Confinement of electron donor guests affords an efficient, photo-induced charge transfer (CT) with the anthracene moieties of a porous coordination polymer.
Simultaneous Blockade of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Receptor and Epidermal Growth Factor-Receptor Signaling and Systemic Administration of Paclitaxel as Therapy for Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis in Bone of Nude Mice (2004)

Once prostate cancer metastasizes to bone, conventional chemotherapy is largely ineffective. We hypothesized that inhibition of phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) expressed on tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells, which is associated with tumor progression, in combination with paclitaxel would inhibit experimental prostate cancer bone metastasis and preserve bone structure. We tested this hypothesis in nude mice, using human PC-3MM2 prostate cancer cells. PC-3MM2 cells growing adjacent to bone tissue and endothelial cells within these lesions expressed phosphorylated EGF-R and PDGF-R alpha and -beta on their surfaces. The percentage of positive endothelial cells and the intensity of receptor expression directly correlated with proximity to bone tissue. Oral administration of PKI166 inhibited the phosphorylation of EGF-R but not PDGF-R, whereas oral administration of STI571 inhibited the phosphorylation of PDGF-R but not EGF-R. Combination therapy using oral PKI166 and STI571 with i.p. injections of paclitaxel induced a high level of apoptosis in tumor vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells in parallel with inhibition of tumor growth in the bone, preservation of bone structure, and reduction of lymph node metastasis. Collectively, these data demonstrate that blockade of phosphorylation of EGF-R and PDGF-R coupled with administration of paclitaxel significantly suppresses experimental human prostate cancer bone metastasis.
Unprecedented levels of horizontal gene transfer among spatially co-occurring <i>Shewanella</i> bacteria from the Baltic Sea (2010)

High-throughput sequencing studies during the last decade have uncovered that bacterial genomes are very diverse and dynamic, resulting primarily from the frequent and promiscuous horizontal gene exchange that characterizes the bacterial domain of life. However, a robust understanding of the rates of genetic exchange for most bacterial species under natural conditions and the influence of the ecological settings on the rates remain elusive, severely limiting our view of the microbial world. Here, we analyzed the complete genomic sequences and expressed transcriptomes of several Shewanella baltica isolates recovered from different depths in the Baltic Sea and found that isolates from more similar depths had exchanged a larger fraction of their core and auxiliary genome, up to 20% of the total, compared with isolates from more different depths. The exchanged genes seem to be ecologically important and contribute to the successful adaptation of the isolates to the unique physicochemical conditions of the depth. Importantly, the latter genes were exchanged in very recent past, presumably as an effect of isolate's seasonal migration across the water column, and reflected sexual speciation within the same depth. Therefore, our findings reveal that genetic exchange in response to environmental settings may be surprisingly rapid, which has important broader impacts for understanding bacterial speciation and evolution and for modeling bacterial responses to human-induced environmental impacts.
Palmitoylation Targets CD39/Endothelial ATP Diphosphohydrolase to Caveolae (2000)

Ectonucleotidases influence purinergic receptor function by the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. CD39 is an integral membrane protein that is a prototype member of the nucleoside 5'-triphosphate diphosphohydrolase family. The native CD39 protein has two intracytoplasmic and two transmembrane domains. There is a large extracellular domain that undergoes extensive glycosylation and can be post-translationally modified by limited proteolysis. We have identified a potential thioester linkage site for S-acylation within the N-terminal region of CD39 and demonstrate that this region undergoes palmitoylation in a constitutive manner. The covalent lipid modification of this region of the protein appears to be important both in plasma membrane association and in targeting CD39 to caveolae. These specialized plasmalemmal domains are enriched in G protein-coupled receptors and appear to integrate cellular activation events. We suggest that palmitoylation could modulate the function of CD39 in regulating cellular signal transduction pathways.
Routing of 40-gb/s streams in wavelength-routed heterogeneous optical networks (2005)

In this paper, we address the design and management issues in routing a mixture of OC-192 and OC-768 streams in wavelength-routed optical networks. We assume that fiber links in the network are heterogeneous with respect to their transmission capability (i.e., links are designed to handle a given maximum bit-rate imposed by regenerator spacing). We investigate the issues of routing connection demands of various bit-rate requirements in such heterogeneous networks. In this environment, we introduce the routing of multirate traffic (RMT) problem. The RMT problem is informally defined as the process of finding the best routing which maximizes the total bandwidth carried in the network, for a set of sessions, within a given TDM equipment budget. We propose a two-phase optimization scheme (two-phase RMT). This scheme first obtains a basis solution used in routing 40-Gb/s traffic only on OC-768 capable links without the use of TDM equipment. In the second phase, an iterative routing, rerouting, and resource allocation step is used to optimize the total bandwidth carried in the network, while allowing 40-Gb/s traffic to be routed on OC-768 incapable links by the proper installation of TDM multiplexors and demultiplexers at some strategic locations in the network. Numerical results reveal the following: 1) the two-phase RMT optimization algorithm provides substantial savings in terms of both the total TDM equipment installed and number of wavelengths used; 2) noticeable enhancements of the bandwidth utilization and the TDM budget are observed when the route-optimization takes into account the transmission quality of the links; and 3) the use of intermediate TDM multiplexing/demultiplexing functions provides substantial savings, in terms of the total number of channels, over the source-splitting scheme.
The consideration and practice of undergraduate teaching quality assurance system in college of traditional Chinese medicine (2009)

After expansion of recruitments, the quality of higher education has captured increasing attention of the society. This thesis took Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine as an example and introduced its aim of cultivating innovative talents in the course of running the university. Through practice the distinctive teaching quality culture and teaching quality assurance system of university were gradually formed. 

Key words: 
CoUege of traditional Chinese medicine;  Undergraduate teaching;  Teaching quality culture;  Teaching quality assurance system