gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting spatiotemporal firing patterns among simultaneously recorded single neurons (1988)

1. A particular firing pattern among simultaneously observed neurons represents a particular sequence of activity. If any multineuron pattern repeats significantly more than expected by chance, we may be observing a repeated state of a neural assembly as it processes similar units of information. 2. We present here an algorithm that rapidly finds all single or multineuron patterns that repeat two or more times within a block of data, as well as equations for calculating the number of patterns of given length and repetition that would be expected. The complexity of patterns for which it is practical to compute expected numbers is three to six spikes (inclusive). 3. Confidence limits are based on these expected numbers of patterns, so that is possible to identify groups of patterns that are worthy of further analysis. 4. These methods are tested against simulated multineuron data that has various types of known nonstationarities, with good agreement between observed and expected values. 5. Application to real spike trains shows a large excess of observed repeating patterns, of which some, but not all, are shown to be due to bursts of high frequency firing. 6. It should be possible to apply the new method as a filter in real time in order to search for an association between repeated pattern events and externally observable events (stimulus, behavior, etc.). Any repeated pattern events which cannot be so associated may represent a new indicator of internal events in the nervous system.
ENGRAFTED HUMAN T AND B LYMPHOCYTES FORM MIXED FOLLICLES IN LYMPHOID ORGANS OF HUMAN/MOUSE AND HUMAN/RAT RADIATION CHIMERA1 (1997)

The different homing patterns exhibited by the T and B lymphocytes indicate that the homing receptors on human B cells might be cross-reactive with their mouse counterparts, in contrast to the human T cells, which seem to be unable to interact with the mouse homing receptors. The presence of human B and T lymphocytes in close proximity to each other in the lymphoid tissues is in accordance with the ability of human/BALB radiation chimera to mount significant primary human antibody responses.
Differential Expression of CC Chemokines and the CCR5 Receptor in the Pancreas Is Associated with Progression to Type I Diabetes (2000)

We investigated the biological role of CC chemokines in the Th1-mediated pathogenesis of spontaneous type I diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Whereas an elevated ratio of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha):MIP-1beta in the pancreas correlated with destructive insulitis and progression to diabetes in NOD mice, a decreased intrapancreatic MIP-1alpha:MIP-1beta ratio was observed in nonobese diabetes-resistant (NOR) mice. IL-4 treatment, which prevents diabetes in NOD mice by polarizing intraislet Th2 responses, decreased CCR5 expression in islets and potentiated a high ratio of MIP-1beta and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1): MIP-1alpha in the pancreas. Furthermore, NOD.MIP-1alpha-/- mice exhibited reduced destructive insulitis and were protected from diabetes. Neutralization of MIP-1alpha with specific Abs following transfer of diabetogenic T cells delayed the onset of diabetes in NOD.Scid recipients. These studies illustrate that the temporal expression of certain CC chemokines, particularly MIP-1alpha, and the CCR5 chemokine receptor in the pancreas is associated with the development of insulitis and spontaneous type I diabetes.
A multiprocessor-based digital speech compressor (1981)

The hardware design of a digital speech compressor based on linear predictive coding is considered. In contrast to existing, high-speed single CPU implementations, a multiprocessor-based organization is proposed which could provide synthetic quality speech in a smaller package and at a lower cost. Currently available microprocessors are examined and two possible candidates, the Intel 2920 and the AMI S2811, are identified. Simulation tests of the resulting hardware indicate that severe degradation in the synthesized speech can be caused by the internal organizations of these special microprocessors. A composite processor resembling the 2920 is proposed, which yields adequate performance and makes the described multiprocessor-based architecture viable.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the T-DNA region of the plant tumour-inducing Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid pTiC58 (1999)

The complete nucleotide sequence has been determined of the T-DNA region from the plant tumour-inducing Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline Ti plasmid pTiC58. The T-DNA itself consists of 24 782 bp flanked by two direct 25 bp repeats, the border sequences. In addition, 3622 bp located at the left and 1070 bp at the right of the T-DNA borders were sequenced. Twenty-two open reading frames that code for proteins larger than 125 amino acids have been identified.
A 72mW CMOS 802.11a direct conversion receiver with 3.5dB NF and 200kHz 1/f noise corner (2004)

A direct conversion 802.11a receiver front-end including a synthesizer with quadrature VCO has been integrated in a 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The chip has an active area of 1.8mm/sup 2/ with the entire RF portion operated from 1.2V and the low frequency portion operated from 2.5V. Its key feature is a current driven passive mixer with a low impedance load that achieves a low 1/f noise corner. Measured noise figure is 3.5dB with a 1/f noise corner at 200kHz, and an IIP3 of -2dBm. The synthesizer DSB phase noise integrated over a 10MHz band is less than -36dBc. The front end reported here has one of the lowest power consumption and 1/f noise corner at 5GHz in pure CMOS ever reported so far.
Histochemical demonstration of unsaturated hydrophilic lipids with palladium chloride. (1977)

Compounds in which olefinic linkages are accessible to aqueous reagents reduce the chloropalladite ion [PdCl4]2-, to metallic palladium. This reaction is used in a histochemical method whereby hydrophilic unsaturated lipids are stained dark brown or black. The specificity of the new method has been confirmed by means of solvent-extraction and chemical blocking procedures and by comparison with other histochemical techniques. Yellow staining of collagen, keratin and cytoplasm is probably due to attachment of the chloropalladite anion to proteins. The yellow background can be largely decolorized by treating the sections with aqueous pyridine, which forms colorless complexes with divalent palladium. A standard technique for staining with palladium is presented and the method is discussed in relation to other histochemical procedures that demonstrate unsaturated lipids.
Survey on Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast Routing Techniques in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks – Present and Future (2015)

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks are a special form of wireless networks made for vehicles with bidirectional communicating devices. This attracts the concept of ubiquitous and pervasive computing for the future. VANET has received more researchers and has unlocked a path to develop few applications like traffic management, propagation of emergency messages and few user defined applications. VANETs have characteristics like dynamic network structure, node mobility, low processing speed and low memory which needs special attention. These properties facilitate more graph theory algorithms to be applicable in making shortest and best routes between the source and destination. This paper presents a survey on different routing techniques which are operated based on graph theory algorithms. The outcome of this paper may be considered in future to design an efficient routing protocol for VANET.
Challenges in Liquid‐Phase Exfoliation, Processing, and Assembly of Pristine Graphene (2016)

Recent developments in the exfoliation, dispersion, and processing of pristine graphene (i.e., non-oxidized graphene) are described. General metrics are outlined that can be used to assess the quality and processability of various "graphene" products, as well as metrics that determine the potential for industrial scale-up. The pristine graphene production process is categorized from a chemical engineering point of view with three key steps: i) pretreatment, ii) exfoliation, and iii) separation. How pristine graphene colloidal stability is distinct from the exfoliation step and is dependent upon graphene interactions with solvents and dispersants are extensively reviewed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of using pristine graphene as nanofillers in polymer composites, as well as as building blocks for macrostructure assemblies are summarized in the context of large-scale production.
GramFuzz: Fuzzing testing of web browsers based on grammar analysis and structural mutation (2013)

Fuzz testing is an automated black-box testing technique providing random data as input to a software system in the hope to find vulnerability. In order to be effective, the fuzzed input must be common enough to pass elementary consistency checks. Web Browser accepts JavaScript, CSS files as well as the html as input, which must be considered in fuzzing testing, while traditional fuzzing technology generates test cases using simple mutation strategies, ignoring the grammar and code structure. In this article, vulnerability patterns are summarized and a new fuzzing testing method are proposed based on grammar analysis of input data and mutation of code structure. Combining methods of generation and mutation, test cases will be more effective in the fuzzing testing of web browsers. Applied on the Mozilla and IE web browsers, it discovered a total of 36 new severe vulnerabilities(and thus became one of the top security bug bounty collectors within this period).
Localizing sound source by incorporating biological auditory mechanism (1988)

A novel system for multiple sound-source localization has been developed. It consists of three microphones, to resolve the anterior-posterior ambiguity inherent in the binaural time-difference cue. As in the biological auditory system, acoustic signals are decomposed into their frequency components via a set of bandpass filters and the intermicrophone phase differences are obtained around the onsets of the transiently changing signals. The phase differences at various frequencies are utilized to resolve the ambiguity in the correspondence relationship between the onsets derived from pairs of microphones. The scheme has been implemented as a personal-computer-based system and applied successfully to systems of two sound sources as well as a single sound source.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spurious Parametric Oscillations in IMPATT Diode Circuits (1974)

This paper describes a quantitative experimental confirmation of a recent theory for large-signal parametric instabilities in IMPATT diode circuits. The relevant parts of the theory are presented in a concise form. A graphical technique is given that is useful for analyzing circuit stability. A sufficient (though not necessary) condition for well-behaved circuits is also studied, and several diagrams are presented that may prove useful to circuit designers.
Comparison of the periplasmic receptors for L-arabinose, D-glucose/D-galactose, and D-ribose. Structural and Functional Similarity. (1991)

The primary sequence of the receptor for L-arabinose or Ara-binding protein (ABP) composed of 306 residues is very different from the D-glucose/D-galactose-binding protein (GGBP) which consists of 309 residues. Nevertheless, superimpositioning of the well-refined high resolution structures of ABP in complex with D-galactose and the GGBP in complex with D-glucose shows very similar structures; 220 of the residues (or about 70%) have a root mean square deviation of 2.0 A. From the superpositioning, nine pairs of continuous segments (consisting of 8-51 residues), mainly alpha-helices and beta-strands that form the core of the two lobes of the bilobate proteins were found to exhibit strong sequence homology. The equivalenced structures and aligned sequences show that many of the polar, as well as aromatic residues, in the sugar-binding sites located in the cleft between the two lobes are highly conserved. Surprisingly, however, the exact mode of binding of the D-galactose in ABP is totally different from that of the D-glucose in GGBP. Using the structurally aligned sequences of the ABP and GGBP as a template, we have matched the sequence of the ribose-binding protein (RBP) which consists of 271 residues with the ABP/GGBP pair. Although the nine aligned segments of all three proteins show little sequence identity, they have significant homology. Four additional segments of RBP were matched only with GGBP, leading to the alignment of about 90% of the RBP sequence with the GGBP sequence. Many of the conserved residues in the binding sites of ABP and GGBP matched with similar residues in RBP. Additional observations indicate that the GGBP/RBP pair is more closely related than the ABP/RBP or ABP/GGBP pair. All three binding proteins, which may have diverged from a common ancestor, serve as primary receptors for bacterial high affinity active transport systems. Moreover, GGBP and RBP, but not ABP, also act as receptors for chemotaxis. An exposed site located in one domain, which includes Gly74, for interacting with the trg transmembrane signal transducer that is involved in triggering chemotaxis has been located in the structure of GGBP (Vyas, N.K., Vyas, M.N., and Quiocho, F.A. (1988) Science 242, 1290-1295). Whereas the site is absent in the structure of ABP, it is strongly predicted to be present in RBP which shares the same trg transducer with GGBP. The knowledge-based alignment of RBP further revealed two possible additional peripheral chemotactic sites that show high structural and sequence similarity between GGBP and RBP only. At least one of these sites, together with the one proven to exist in the other domain, could be used by the signal transducer with which both binding proteins interact in a way which the substrate-loaded "closed cleft" structure could be discriminated from the unliganded "open cleft" form by the transducer.
Luteolin Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication through Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase-Mediated Down-Regulation of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α Expression (2015)

Whether luteolin inhibits HBV replication has not been validated and the underlying mechanism of which has never been elucidated. In this study, we show that luteolin reduces HBV DNA replication in HepG2.2.15 cells. Luteolin effectively inhibited the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and its binding to the HBV promoters in HepG2.2.15 cells. While the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was activated by luteolin, inhibition of ERK abolished luteolin-induced HNF4α suppression. Consistently, blocking ERK attenuated the anti-HBV activity of luteolin. In a HBV replication mouse model, luteolin decreased the levels of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA replication intermediates, and the HBsAg and HBcAg expression. Taken together, our results validated the anti-HBV activity of luteolin in both in vitro and in vivo studies and established a signaling cascade consisting of ERK and HNF4α for inhibition of HBV replication by luteolin, which may be exploited for clinical application of luteolin for anti-HBV therapy.
Techniques curb catalyst deactivation at sulfur plant (1987)

Techniques developed to handle sulfation and cooling problems at Gulf Canada Corp.'s Hanlan-Robb, Ont. gas-processing plant have reduced catalyst-deactivation problems and provided useful information for long-term solutions to these problems. The authors discuss the techniques used and the results in this article.
Sensitivity enhancement of guided-wave surface-plasmon resonance sensors (2008)

It is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that, by using the guided-wave surface-plasmon sensor configuration with a top layer of dielectric thin film (10-15 nm) having a high value of the real part of the dielectric function, it is possible to improve the sensitivity of the sensor up to 1 order of magnitude. The stability is improved because the thin nanolayer acts as a protection layer for the metal. The enhancement is due to the increase in the interaction volume and the evanescent field enhancement near the top layer-analyte interface.
Measurement of Long-Wavelength Turbulence within a Collisionless Shock by Scattering of Radiation from a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Laser (1974)

We describe measurements of the scattering of ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$ laser radiation by long-wavelength ($k{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{D}\ensuremath{\sim}0.1$) turbulent density fluctuations within a collisionless shock. The spectrum of the scattered radiation is shifted in wavelength from that of the incident laser beam, demonstrating genuine scattering rather than enhanced stray light. The observed level of fluctuations is a hundred times thermal but a thousand times lower than that to be expected from an extrapolation of the Kadomtsev spectrum observed previously for $k{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{D}\ensuremath{\sim}1$.
Partial Compliance and Risk of Rehospitalization Among California Medicaid Patients With Schizophrenia (2004)

This study showed a direct correlation between estimated partial compliance and hospitalization risk among patients with schizophrenia across a continuum of compliance behavior.
Home ultraviolet B phototherapy for psoriasis: discrepancy between literature, guidelines, general opinions and actual use. Results of a literature review, a web search, and a questionnaire among dermatologists (2006)

A discrepancy exists between the actual use of home UVB phototherapy and the general opinions found in publications. The treatment is prescribed for a considerable number of patients despite the fact that literature and guidelines advise caution. Personal and nonevidence-based opinions on this therapy are widespread while randomized clinical studies have thus far not been conducted.
보육서비스가 기혼여성의 가족복지감에 미친 영향 (2000)

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the CCS(Child Care Service) in fact promoted the employment of married women and family welfare. The data was analysed by Multi-Regression Analysis. The results showed that the significant variables which had positive effects on the family relationship well-being of working mothers were the cost of child care and the frequency of teacher-parents meetings. Child care cost was negatively affecting the family economic well-being of working mothers. The frequency of parent counseling, Vaccination, the time taken to go to the day care center, breakfast supply, children`s dislike to go to the daycare center, children`s safety had a positive effect on the job well-being of working mothers. All these results indicated that the CCS had a positive effect on the family well-being of working mothers. When the mothers were preparing for the job, the extent to which the daycare center actually followed their education plan, vaccination, and the replacement of teachers were the influencing factors. When the mothers were maintaining the job, breakfast supply, children`s safety, children`s dislike to go to the daycare center, outdoor activity and the time taken to go to the daycare center were the major influencing factors.
Agglomerative Information Bottleneck (1999)

We introduce a novel distributional clustering algorithm that explicitly maximizes the mutual information per cluster between the data and given categories. This algorithm can be considered as a bottom up hard version of the recently introduced &quot;Information Bottleneck Method&quot;. We relate the mutual information between clusters and categories to the Bayesian classification error, which provides another motivation for using the obtained clusters as features. The algorithm is compared with the top-down soft version of the information bottleneck method and a relationship between the hard and soft results is established. We demonstrate the algorithm on the 20 Newsgroups data set. For a subset of two news-groups we achieve compression by 3 orders of magnitudes loosing only 10% of the original mutual information. 1 Introduction The problem of self-organization of the members of a set X based on the similarity of the conditional distributions of the members of another set, Y , fp(yjx)g, was fir...
<i>N</i>-Triazinylammonium Tetrafluoroborates. A New Generation of Efficient Coupling Reagents Useful for Peptide Synthesis (2005)

A new generation of triazine-based coupling reagents (TBCRs), designed according to the concept of "superactive esters", was obtained by treatment of 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium (DMTMM) chloride with lithium or silver tetrafluoroborate. The structure of 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium tetrafluoroborate was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Activation of carboxylic acids by using this reagent proceeds via triazine "superactive ester". The coupling reagent was successfully used for the synthesis of Z-, Boc-, and Fmoc-protected dipeptides derived from natural and unnatural sterically hindered amino acids and for fragment condensation, in 80-100% yield and with high enantiomeric purity. The manual SPPS of the ACP(65-74) peptide fragment (H-Val-Gln-Ala-Ala-Ile-Asp-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Gly-OH) proceeded significantly faster than with TBTU or HATU, as well as the automated SPPS of the same fragment gave a purer product than by using TBTU or PyBOP. The reagent was also demonstrated to be efficient in on-resin head-to-tail cyclization of constrained cyclopeptides, in SPPS synthesis of Aib peptides, and in the synthesis of esters from appropriate acids, alcohols, and phenols. The high efficiency and versatility of this new generation of TBCRs confirm, for the first time, the usefulness of the concept of "superactive esters" in rational design of the structure of coupling reagents.
The RNA Code and Protein Synthesis (1966)

Many properties of the RNA code which were discussed at the 1963 Cold Spring Harbor meeting were based on information obtained with randomly ordered synthetic polynucleotides. Most questions concerning the code which were raised at that time related to its fine structure, that is, the order of the bases within RNA codons. After the 1963 meetings a relatively simple means of determining nucleotide sequences of RNA codons was devised which depends upon the ability of trinucleotides of known sequence to stimulate AA-sRNA binding to ribosomes (Nirenberg and Leder, 1964). In this paper, information obtained since 1963 relating to the following topics will be discussed: