gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aspects of in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Culture in Domestic Animals2 (1981)

Various aspects of the major components of in vitro fertilization and embryo culture in domestic farm animals are discussed. An examination of the spermatozoa and oocyte incubation media showed no media or protein supplement to be superior in promoting in vitro fertilization in cattle, sheep or swine. Generally, ovulated oocytes or activated follicular oocytes were penetrated by sperm more frequently than were immature oocytes. Spermatozoa that were incubated in vivo or in the oviducts of a different species generally achieved higher oocyte penetration than did spermatozoa incubated in vitro. In most in vitro fertilization studies, an in vivo component was introduced, generally oocyte or sperm maturation, which served to confound analysis of the in vitro results. Furthermore, the relatively low level of success and high incidence of chromosomal abnormalities with in vitro fertilization in other species require that careful and complete studies analyzing the components of in vitro fertilization in domestic farm animals be conducted. The culture of embryos from domestic farm animals is detailed, with emphasis on in vitro conditions and rate of success. As with laboratory animals, bovine, ovine, porcine and caprine embyos of fewer than eight cells are more difficult to culture to the blastocyst stage than are older embryos. When placed in culture, morulae from these species commonly form blastocysts, and in vitro hatching has been reported, except for caprine embyos. Embryo development has been reported to occur in a variety of culture conditions, media and supplements and gaseous atmospheres. Culture in sealed tubes yields results equal to those reported for microdrops of media under paraffin oil. Ham's F-10 medium appears to be the medium of choice for bovine embyros, with a variety of simple media working about equally well for ovine, porcine and caprine embryos. There appears to be little advantage in supplementing media with more than 10% heat-treated serum, but optimal concentrations of bovine serum albumin remain to be determined. A reduced oxygen atmosphere of 5% CO2, 5% O2, 90% N2 is at least equal and, in some species, superior to 5% CO2 in air in promoting embryo development.
Modern virtual screen technology and applications (2002)

Virtual screens are information displays in which the apparent image is much larger than the physical device. The image also seems to the user to be located at a distance, even though the display monitor is a small device, worn near the eye on a headset. A recently introduced virtual screen, called Private Eye, appears to overcome the inherent limitation of CRT technology. The Private Eye is light, low power, low voltage, small, and low cost. The Private Eye is intended primarily for commercial use, and the features of this type of display offer considerable benefits for certain classes of personal electronic devices. The display is housed in a rectangular package approximately 1.2*1.3*3.5 in. It can be held to the eye or mounted on a headband. When the display is mounted on a headset, the user's vision is not extensively occluded, and the display is perceived as floating in space a few feet in front of the viewer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of gemfibrozil and clofibrate on metabolism of cholesterol and plasma triglycerides in man (1984)

Mechanisms for the hypolipidemic action of gemfibrozil were examined in seven patients with hypertriglyceridemia. In addition, seven hyperlipidemic patients were studied with and without clofibrate treatment to compare the mechanisms by which these two drugs lower plasma triglyceride levels. All patients were studied on a metabolic ward. The first month was a control period, followed by one month of either gemfibrozil or clofibrate therapy. During treatment with gemfibrozil, plasma total triglyceride levels decreased by an average of 51%, and triglyceride levels in very low—density lipoproteins (VLDLs) fell by 57%. Transport rates of VLDL triglyceride were determined by multicompartmental analysis following injection of tritiated glycerol as a precursor. Gemfibrozil decreased transport (production) of VLDL triglyceride by an average of 28% and increased the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of VLDL triglyceride by 92%. Clofibrate reduced plasma total triglyceride values on an average of 32% and VLDL triglyceride values by 38%. In contrast to gemfibrozil, clofibrate did not change transport rates of VLDL triglyceride but increased the fractional catabolic rate of VLDL triglyceride by 35%. Gemfibrozil thus decreased production of VLDL triglyceride<i>and</i>enhanced its clearance, while clofibrate only increased clearance of VLDL triglyceride. On the average, plasma cholesterol levels did not fall during gemfibrozil treatment, but levels of cholesterol in high-density lipoproteins and in low-density lipoproteins increased by 31% and 11%, respectively. The drug produced a 30% increase in fecal excretion of neutral steroids and a 37% decrease in fecal excretion of bile acids. Outputs of total neutral steroids and net cholesterol balance thus remained unchanged. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:2241-2246)
How common are the “common” neurologic disorders? (2007)

Using the best available data, our survey of a limited number of disorders shows that the burden of neurologic illness affects many millions of people in the United States.
Fluid dynamics and flow patterns in stirred tanks with a turbine impeller (1972)

Abstract Velocity profiles were measured in a stirred tank with a turbine impeller using a three‐dimensional, pitot tube probe. A tangential jet model was used to describe the flow in the region of the impeller, and two‐dimensional potential flow models and a circular jet were used to describe the flow in the rest of the tank. The tangential jet model accurately predicted the measurements from this work and comparable measurements reported in the literature for water and air, for varying impeller diameter and speeds and for different tank diameters. In the rest of the tank a three‐dimensional, low velocity, flow field exists; and the center of circulation is not a true stagnation point. The flow at this point is tangential. The two‐dimensional models only qualitatively described the flow in this region, and a three‐dimensional model would be required. It was experimentally and theoretically confirmed that standard practice of using 10% baffles effectively controls the flow in the tank.
FOLIAR SPRAY BANDING CHARACTERISTICS (2004)

Foliar spray banding was explored as a means of reducing pesticide use compared to broadcast applications.Various geometric spray patterns and delivery angles of foliar spray bands were investigated to increase spray deposits ina crop row at a constant spray rate of 94 L/ha. Wind-free laboratory results indicated that a banded application using three65. hollow-cone nozzles, with a laser-measured volume median diameter (VMD) of 110 .m, resulted in the highest (p = 0.05)upper canopy coverage of water-sensitive paper (WSP) of 37%, compared to 31% for a broadcast, 80. flat-fan application(VMD = 152 .m). However, the fore-aft trajectory created by a twin-orifice nozzle (VMD = 135 .m) resulted in less uppercanopy deposit and did not increase deposit in the lower canopy. No statistical differences were observed in lower canopyWSP coverage. Cumulative volume distributions (CVD) of deposit droplet spectra in the upper and lower canopy indicatedthat large droplets were deposited on WSP in the lower canopy. Field test results indicated that the broadcast, 80. flat-fannozzle produced the numerically highest malathion residues of 7.5 ng/cm2 on leaf tops, but this was not statistically different(p = 0.05) from a banded 40. flat-fan nozzle application. Banded twin-orifice and three-nozzle hollow-cone treatmentsproduced the statistically lowest (p = 0.05) leaf-top residues of <3 ng/cm2. No significant (p = 0.05) differences were observedin leaf bottom residues and boll weevil mortality. In summary, downward-pointed sprays produced the greatest leaf-topresidue levels under field conditions with a weak crosswind. Banded, narrow-angle (40.) flat-fan nozzles resulted in moredeposit than a three-nozzle hollow-cone nozzle arrangement in the field. Thus, light wind conditions appeared to negate anyadvantages offered by multiple geometric spray patterns and delivery angles.
Verletzungsmuster und Organversagen beim kindlichen Polytrauma (2004)

Unfallbedingte Verletzungen, meist als Folge eines Verkehrsunfalls, sind die bedeutendste ernste Gesundheitsstörung und häufigste Todesursache im Kindes- und frühen Jugendalter. Häufig handelt es sich um Verletzungen mehrerer Organe bzw. Körperregionen im Sinne eines Polytraumas. Je jünger polytraumatisierte Kinder sind, desto deutlicher treten Unterschiede zum Erwachsenen aufgrund anatomischer und physiologischer Besonderheiten, insbesondere was die Skelettentwicklung anbelangt, im Verletzungsmuster auf. Inadäquate Primärbeurteilung und Behandlungsstrategien können für frühe Todesfälle beim kindlichen Polytrauma verantwortlich sein [29]. Um die häufigsten Verletzungen aufzuzeigen und die sich hieraus ergebenden Behandlungskonzepte zu diskutieren, untersuchten wir in dieser Studie retrospektiv die Unfallmechanismen, Verletzungsmuster, Behandlungsstrategien und das Outcome der in der Universitätsklinik des Saarlandes von 1990 bis 1999 behandelten polytraumatisierten Kinder sowie der polytraumatisierten Kinder, die in den Jahren 2001 und 2002 an der Universitätsklinik in Frankfurt am Main behandelt wurden.
30-nm InAs Pseudomorphic HEMTs on an InP Substrate With a Current-Gain Cutoff Frequency of 628 GHz (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We report on InAs pseudomorphic high-electron mobility transistors (PHEMTs) on an InP substrate with record cutoff frequency characteristics. This result was achieved by paying attention to minimizing resistive and capacitive parasitics and improving short-channel effects, which play a key role in high-frequency response. Toward this, the device design features a very thin channel and is fabricated through a three-step recess process that yields a scaled-down barrier thickness. A 30-nm InAs PHEMT with <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$t_{\rm ins} = \hbox{4}\ \hbox{nm}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$t_{\rm ch} = \hbox{10}\ \hbox{nm}$</tex> </formula> exhibits excellent <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$g_{m, \max}$</tex></formula> of 1.62 S/mm, <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f_{T}$</tex></formula> of 628 GHz, and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f_{ \max}$</tex></formula> of 331 GHz at <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm DS} = \hbox{0.6}\ \hbox{V}$</tex> </formula>. To the knowledge of the authors, the obtained <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f_{T}$</tex></formula> is the highest ever reported in any FET on any material system. In addition, a 50-nm device shows the best combination of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f_{T} = \hbox{557}\ \hbox{GHz}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f_{\max} = \hbox{718}\ \hbox{GHz}$</tex></formula> of any transistor technology. </para>
New American Home(R) 2006 (2005)

The New American Home(R) is a ''real-world'' laboratory demonstrating concepts, materials, designs, and construction techniques that can be replicated--in whole or in part--in housing built any place and in any price range. Since its inception in 1984, TNAH has the unique distinction of being both a show house and a for-sale product, balancing architectural freedom and the bottom line. It is a collection of ideas for the industry to take away and put into hundreds of thousands of homes across the country each year. TNAH 2006 was built with technical support from IBACOS and on-site support from IHP.
Misuse of the phytoplankton–zooplankton dichotomy: the need to assign organisms as mixotrophs within plankton functional types (2012)

The classic portrayal of plankton is dominated by phytoplanktonic primary producers and zooplanktonic secondary producers. In reality, many if not most plankton traditionally labelled as phytoplankton or microzooplankton should be identified as mixotrophs, contributing to both primary and secondary production. Mixotrophic protists (i.e. single-celled eukaryotes that perform photosynthesis and graze on particles) do not represent a minor component of the plankton, as some form of inferior representatives of the past evolution of protists; they represent a major component of the extant protist plankton, and one which could become more dominant with climate change. The implications for this mistaken identification, of the incorrect labelling of mixotrophs as “phytoplankton” or “microzooplankton”, are great. It extends from the (mis)use of photopigments as indicators of primary production performed by strict photoautotrophs rather than also (co)locating mixotrophic activity, through to the inadequacy of plankton functional type descriptions in models (noting that mixotrophic production in the individual organism is not a simple sum of phototrophy and heterotrophy). We propose that mixotrophy should be recognized as a major contributor to plankton dynamics, with due effort expended in field and laboratory studies, and should no longer be side-lined in conceptual food webs or in mathematical models.
KRAS gene mutations in lung cancer: Particulars established and issues unresolved (2010)

Lung cancer, like other cancers, is considered to develop through the accumulation of genetic alterations. Mutation of the KRAS gene is one of the most important events in carcinogenesis of the lung. The KRAS gene, belonging to the RAS gene family, encodes a membrane-bound 21-kd guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein. Single point mutations in this protein result in continuous activation to transmit excessive signals, promoting a variety of biological events. In lung cancers, the mutations concentrate at codon 12 and mostly affect adenocarcinomas (ADCs). They also affect atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, the precursor of ADCs. Therefore, mutation of the KRAS gene is suggested to confer a growth advantage to airway epithelial cells enabling them to expand clonally early in the development of ADCs. The mutation is also a reliable marker of an unfavorable response to certain molecular-targeting therapies. Furthermore, patients with ADCs affected by mutations have been reported to exhibit a significantly higher risk of postoperative disease recurrence. Thus, the significance of KRAS gene mutations has been investigated extensively. However, not all the details emerged. In this review, particulars that have been established are introduced, and important issues remaining to be resolved are discussed, with special reference to carcinogenesis of the lung.
Simbrain: A visual framework for neural network analysis and education (2008)

Abstract: Simbrain is a visually-oriented framework for building and analyzing neural networks. It emphasizes the analysis of networks which control agents embedded in virtual environments, and visualization of the structures which occur in the high dimensional state spaces of these networks. The program was originally intended to facilitate analysis of representational processes in embodied agents, however it is also well suited to teaching neural networks concepts to a broader audience than is traditional for neural networks courses. Simbrain was used to teach a course at a new university, UC Merced, in its inaugural year. Experiences from the course and sample lessons are provided.
ChemInform Abstract: Properties of a New Magnetic Material: Sr<sub>2</sub>FeMoO<sub>6</sub> (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Wireless bandwidth in the making (2000)

Several emerging communication technologies hold the key to approaching the information theoretic limits of wireless multiple access channels. This article offers an review of those technologies and their promise to meet future demand for wireless data rate.
Sequence and centromere proximal location of a transformation enhancing fragment<i>ansl</i>from<i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> (1987)

The Aspergillus nidulans sequence ans1, previously known to enhance transformation frequencies of pyr4-based vectors, was shown to enhance the efficiency of argB and trpC-based vectors. Increased efficiencies could be obtained by constructing vectors containing argB and ans1 or by cotransforming selectable plasmids (containing argB, trpC, or pyr4) with the non-selectable ans1 sequence. The preponderance of evidence suggests that the mechanism of ans1 activity does not involve homologous recombination events, in spite of the presence of multiple regions of homology in the A. nidulans genome. Genetic mapping localized ans1 to the vicinity of the centromere of linkage group I. The nucleotide sequence of a 1.8 Kb functional subclone of ans1 was determined and found to be highly A + T rich (81%).
Reduction of brain noise influence in evoked neuromagnetic source localization using noise spatial correlation (1994)

In magnetoencephalographic measurements, magnetic fields caused by spontaneous brain activities not related to the neural activities under study are often referred to as brain noise. This is because the accuracy in neural source localization is considerably degraded by such spontaneous neuromagnetic fields. This paper reports the experimental results of applying the previously proposed noise covariance method to reducing the degradation caused by brain noise and to improving the accuracy in localizing auditory-evoked neural sources. Firstly we present the results of our experiments using measured brain noise and computer-generated signal fields. These results confirm that the covariance method can, in principle, improve the accuracy of evoked neural source localization. Next, the method was applied to source localization for actual neuromagnetic fields evoked by speech sounds. The results obtained strongly suggest that the method is effective in processing actual evoked neuromagnetic data.
Boundary analysis of sedimentation‐velocity experiments with monodisperse and paucidisperse solutes (1978)

Abstract A method is presented which allows one to calculate a distribution of sedimentation coefficients from the boundries of sedimentation‐velocity experiments with mono‐ or pauci‐disperse solutes. With two solutes differences in S value as small as 20% can be resolved. In absence of heterogeneity and concentration‐dependent effects, the analysis also provides values for the diffusion coefficient within an accuracy of −10 to +5%. Tests with both simulated data and ultracentrifugation experiments on short DNA fragments show the value and the limitations of the method.
Rolling circle amplification of synthetic DNA accelerates biocatalytic determination of enzyme activity relative to conventional methods (2020)

The ability to quickly and easily assess the activity of large collections of enzymes for a desired substrate holds great promise in the field of biocatalysis. Cell-free synthesis, although not practically amenable for large-scale enzyme production, provides a way to accelerate the timeline for screening enzyme candidates using small-scale reactions. However, because cell-free enzyme synthesis requires a considerable amount of template DNA, the preparation of high-quality DNA "parts" in large quantities represents a costly and rate-limiting prerequisite for high throughput screening. Based on time-cost analysis and comparative activity data, a cell-free workflow using synthetic DNA minicircles and rolling circle amplification enables comparable biocatalytic activity to cell-based workflows in almost half the time. We demonstrate this capability using a panel of sequences from the carbon-nitrogen hydrolase superfamily that represent possible green catalysts for synthesizing small molecules with less waste compared to traditional industrial chemistry. This method provides a new alternative to more cumbersome plasmid- or PCR-based protein expression workflows and should be amenable to automation for accelerating enzyme screening in industrial applications.
Color Emotions for Image Classification and Retrieval (2008)

Many content-based image retrieval systems are not taking into account high level semantic information. In this paper we describe our attempts to include color-based emotion-related properties of images in the search. We show that using color emotion metrics in content-based image retrieval leads to interesting methods for image retrieval and classification based on semantic concepts. The color emotion metric used is derived from psychophysical experiments and uses three scales: activity, weight and heat. It was originally designed for single-color combinations and later extended to include pairs of colors. We show that a modified approach for statistical analysis of color emotions in images, involving transformations of ordinary RGB-histograms, provides a useful tool for image classification and retrieval. The methods used are both very fast in feature extraction, and descriptor vectors are very short. This is essential in our application where we intend to use it for searching huge image databases containing millions or billions of images.
A Universal Implementation Model for the Smart Home (2009)

Since the emergence of the smart-home concept, many devices, interfaces and controllers have become available. However, there is a problem: each component usually performs a single function and there is no synchronization with other components. In order to exploit the great potential of the new technologies that these devices embody, as a base for synchronizing devices, interfaces and intelligent control systems, a universal model is required. The current paper offers a universal, comprehensive model for a smart home. Drawing upon existing protocols and technologies, it illustrates how to integrate different devices, software, and user interfaces to create a smart home. The model emphasizes four principles: A universal model can substantially lead to higher quality and usability of both devices and user interface; Production costs may be significantly reduced if manufacturers adopt a universal standard; The model synchronizes different groups of devices. This makes it possible to program complex scenarios leading to improved and enhanced smart-home utilization; Based on current available communication standards and infrastructure, the model can easily be installed in any house. Proposed smart-home architecture comprises- in addition to appliances and communication interfaces- a central management unit and a built-in database for smart equipment integration, for creating and implementing preprogrammed complex scenarios. The central management unit application and database store an up-to-date list of all connected devices. Any new integrated device is synchronized upon connection and removed when not in use. This is done automatically by sending any shared data (list of properties, commands, optional streaming, etc.) into the database upon initial connection.