gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and partial characterization of Enterolobium contortisiliquum seed arylamidase. (1991)

1. Arylamidase activity was isolated from Enterolobium contortisiliquum seeds (2 U/g) using L-Leu-2-naphthylamide as substrate to monitor the purification. 2. The enzyme preparation was purified 733-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation, and by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography, in 6.6% yield. 3. SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after fast protein liquid chromatography on a Mono Q column, showed only one protein band with a molecular weight of 35 kDa. 4. The optimum pH for arylamidase activity was 6.5. Taking the hydrolysis rate of Lys-2-naphthylamide as one, the relative rates at which the other substrates were hydrolyzed were: Leu-2-naphthylamide, 30, Met-2-naphthylamide, 18, Arg-2-naphthylamide, 2, Ala-2-naphthylamide, 1.5, and L-Leu-p-nitroanilide, 26. 5. The arylamidase activity was inhibited 50% by 0.1 mM HgCl2, 0.1 mM MnCl2, 0.1 mM ZnCl2, 0.13 mM NiCl2, 0.2 mM o-phenanthroline and 1 microM sodium p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and activated 35% by 5.0 microM EDTA. Iodoacetate (0.67 mM), dithioerythritol and 2-mercaptoethanol (3.3 mM), and chloride ions (0.2 M) had no effect on the enzyme activity.
ChemInform Abstract: REPORT ON THE CHEMISTRY OF ENAMINOKETONES, PART 13, SYNTHESES OF ALKYL‐, CYCLOALKYLPYRIDINES, AND NAPHTHYRIDINES (1977)

Abstract Die aus den Enaminoketonen (I) und "dimerem Malonitril" (II) erhältlichen Dihydropyridine (III) geben bei Hydrolyse die Naphthyridine (IV) bzw. (V).
Highly n-Type Titanium Oxide as an Electronically Active Support for Platinum in the Catalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide (2011)

The role of the oxide-metal interface in determining the activity and selectivity of chemical reactions catalyzed by metal particles on an oxide support is an important topic in science and industry. A proposed mechanism for this strong metal–support interaction is electronic activation of surface adsorbates by charge carriers. Motivated by the goal of using electronic activation to drive nonthermal chemistry, we investigated the ability of the oxide support to mediate charge transfer. We report an approximately 2-fold increase in the turnover rate of catalytic carbon monoxide oxidation on platinum nanoparticles supported on stoichiometric titanium dioxide (TiO2) when the TiO2 is made highly n-type by fluorine (F) doping. However, for nonstoichiometric titanium oxide (TiOX<2) the effect of F on the turnover rate is negligible. Studies of the titanium oxide electronic structure show that the energy of free electrons in the oxide determines the rate of reaction. These results suggest that highly n-type TiO2 electronically activates adsorbed oxygen (O) by electron spillover to form an active O– intermediate.
Halogen-free, low flammability polyurethanes derived from deoxybenzoin-based monomers (2010)

Two novel deoxybenzoin-containing monomers, a diisocyanate and a diol, were synthesized and used to prepare polyurethane materials and foams. 4,4′-Diaminodeoxybenzoin was prepared by Ullmann coupling of 4,4′-dibromobenzil with tert-butyl carbamate. Reduction of one of the carbonyl groups, and t-Boc deprotection, gave the aromatic diamine, which was converted to 4,4′-deoxybenzoin diisocyanate (DBDI) with triphosgene. DBDI was then used to prepare two different polyurethanes, one by reaction with 1,3-propanediol, and the other by reaction with deoxybenzoin diol. The polyurethanes obtained from these reactions displayed low heat release capacity (HRC) values relative to conventional polyurethanes prepared from 4,4′-methyldiphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Polyurethanes prepared in this study displayed HRC values as low as ∼130 J g−1 K−1, and char yields as high as ∼40%. In addition, deoxybenzoin-based oligomers containing hydroxyl end groups were also synthesized and used to prepare polyurethane foams that displayed markedly lower HRC values, and higher char yields, than conventional polyurethane foams, which burn readily and drip. Taken together, the integration of deoxybenzoin moieties into the diisocyanate or polyol component of the polymer structure is found to lower heat release rates and reduce flammability in the absence of any added flame retardant, such as halogenated compounds that represent health and environmental hazards.
Heart rate estimation based on camera image (2014)

The remote measurement of the heart rate while the user is watching TV can bring many promising applications to our home such as user's preference estimation, automatic digest edition and fitness. We developed a non-contact heart rate measurement method using camera image so that users can measure the heart rate without any attachments. We focused attention on the blood oxygenated hemoglobin which absorbs the green light and measures the heart rate by detecting the variation of the green color intensity of a person's face image. In previous research, it was not possible to measure the heart rate with precision when a person was in movement. In this proposed method, we can expect that it will be applied to various applications since we can accurately measure the heart rate even while moving the face. The results showed a performance of detection error smaller than 3 bpm for lightning conditions over 500 lux and distances up to 6.0 m.
Makey Makey (2012)

Makey Makey is a new platform for improvising tangible user interfaces. It enables people to make nature-based interfaces, it is compatible with all software, and it does not require the user to program or to assemble electronics. It is designed for a wide range of audiences, supporting ideation for experts and access for beginners. In the studio, participants will rapidly create several different user interfaces incorporating a wide variety of found objects, both physical and digital. There will also be opportunities to test out the newly created interfaces with each other, and reflect on the design of UI prototyping toolkits.
Why do women have stress urinary incontinence? (2010)

This article reviews progress made in understanding the causes of stress urinary incontinence. Over the last century, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain stress urinary incontinence. These theories are based on clinical observations and focus primarily on the causative role of urethral support loss and an open vesical neck. Recently these hypotheses have been tested by comparing measurements of urethral support and function in women with primary stress urinary incontinence to asymptomatic volunteers who were recruited to be similar in age, race, and parity. Maximal urethral closure pressure is the parameter that differs the most between groups being 43% lower in women with stress incontinence than similar asymptomatic women having as effect size of 1.6. Measures of urethral support effect sizes range from 0.5 to 0.6. Because any one objective measure of support may not capture the full picture of urethrovesical mobility, review of blinded ultrasounds of movements during cough were reviewed by an expert panel. The panel was able to identify women with stress incontinence correctly 57% of the time; just 7% above the 50% that would be expected by chance alone, confirming that urethrovesical mobility is not strongly associated with stress incontinence. Although operations that provide differential support to the urethra are effective, urethral support is not the predominant cause of stress incontinence. Improving our understanding of factors affecting urethral closure may lead to novel treatments targeting the urethra and improved understanding of the small but persistent failure rate of current surgery.
The GCR1 gene encodes a positive transcriptional regulator of the enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene families in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1987)

The intracellular concentrations of the polypeptides encoded by the two enolase (ENO1 and ENO2) and three glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (TDH1, TDH2, and TDH3) genes were coordinately reduced more than 20-fold in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying the gcr1-1 mutation. The steady-state concentration of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA was shown to be approximately 50-fold reduced in the mutant strain. Overexpression of enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in strains carrying multiple copies of either ENO1 or TDH3 was reduced more than 50-fold in strains carrying the gcr1-1 mutation. These results demonstrated that the GCR1 gene encodes a trans-acting factor which is required for efficient and coordinate expression of these glycolytic gene families. The GCR1 gene and the gcr1-1 mutant allele were cloned and sequenced. GCR1 encodes a predicted 844-amino-acid polypeptide; the gcr1-1 allele contains a 1-base-pair insertion mutation at codon 304. A null mutant carrying a deletion of 90% of the GCR1 coding sequence and a URA3 gene insertion was constructed by gene replacement. The phenotype of a strain carrying this null mutation was identical to that of the gcr1-1 mutant strain.
Computer Assisted Orthopedic Surgery (2002)

Die Fort- und Weiterbildungskurse der ASG-Fellows sind seit über 10 Jahren ein Fortbildungsprogramm und mit jeweils 5-6 Schwerpunktthemen fester Bestandteil des Kongresses der DGOT. Die Fortbildungsku
Crystal structure of P,P-diphenyl-<i>N</i>-ethyl-phosphinylthioformamide, C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>16</sub>NOPS (1995)

Article Crystal structure of P,P-diphenyl-N-ethyl-phosphinylthioformamide, C15H16NOPS was published on August 1, 1995 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 210, issue 8).
Facile Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets <i>via</i> Fe Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide (2010)

The synthesis of graphene nanosheets from graphite oxide typically involves harmful chemical reductants that are undesirable for most practical applications of graphene. Here, we demonstrate a green and facile approach to the synthesis of graphene nanosheets based on Fe reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide, resulting in a substantial removal of oxygen functionalities of the graphite oxide. More interestingly, the resulting graphene nanosheets with residual Fe show a high adsorption capacity of 111.62 mg/g for methylene blue at room temperature, as well as easy magnetic separation from the solution. This approach offers a potential for cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and large-scale production of graphene nanosheets.
Characterization of a γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transport System of <i>Rhizobium leguminosarum</i> bv. viciae 3841 (2008)

Spontaneous mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 were isolated that grow faster than the wild type on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. These strains (RU1736 and RU1816) have frameshift mutations (gtsR101 and gtsR102, respectively) in a GntR-type regulator (GtsR) that result in a high rate of constitutive GABA transport. Tn5 mutagenesis and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed that GstR regulates expression of a large operon (pRL100242 to pRL100252) on the Sym plasmid that is required for GABA uptake. An ABC transport system, GtsABCD (for GABA transport system) (pRL100248-51), of the spermidine/putrescine family is part of this operon. GtsA is a periplasmic binding protein, GtsB and GtsC are integral membrane proteins, and GtsD is an ATP-binding subunit. Expression of gtsABCD from a lacZ promoter confirmed that it alone is responsible for high rates of GABA transport, enabling rapid growth of strain 3841 on GABA. Gts transports open-chain compounds with four or five carbon atoms with carboxyl and amino groups at, or close to, opposite termini. However, aromatic compounds with similar spacing between carboxyl and amino groups are excellent inhibitors of GABA uptake so they may also be transported. In addition to the ABC transporter, the operon contains two putative mono-oxygenases, a putative hydrolase, a putative aldehyde dehydrogenase, and a succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. This suggests the operon may be involved in the transport and breakdown of a more complex precursor to GABA. Gts is not expressed in pea bacteroids, and gtsB mutants are unaltered in their symbiotic phenotype, suggesting that Bra is the only GABA transport system available for amino acid cycling.
MLL-Rearranged Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias Activate BCL-2 through H3K79 Methylation and Are Sensitive to the BCL-2-Specific Antagonist ABT-199 (2015)

Targeted therapies designed to exploit specific molecular pathways in aggressive cancers are an exciting area of current research. Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) mutations such as the t(4;11) translocation cause aggressive leukemias that are refractory to conventional treatment. The t(4;11) translocation produces an MLL/AF4 fusion protein that activates key target genes through both epigenetic and transcriptional elongation mechanisms. In this study, we show that t(4;11) patient cells express high levels of BCL-2 and are highly sensitive to treatment with the BCL-2-specific BH3 mimetic ABT-199. We demonstrate that MLL/AF4 specifically upregulates the BCL-2 gene but not other BCL-2 family members via DOT1L-mediated H3K79me2/3. We use this information to show that a t(4;11) cell line is sensitive to a combination of ABT-199 and DOT1L inhibitors. In addition, ABT-199 synergizes with standard induction-type therapy in a xenotransplant model, advocating for the introduction of ABT-199 into therapeutic regimens for MLL-rearranged leukemias.
2-Bromo-6-isocyanopyridine as a Universal Convertible Isocyanide for Multicomponent Chemistry (2016)

The development of 2-isocyanopyridines as novel convertible isocyanides for multicomponent chemistry is reported. Comparison of 12 representatives of this class revealed 2-bromo-6-isocyanopyridine as the optimal reagent in terms of stability and synthetic efficiency. It combines sufficient nucleophilicity with good leaving group capacity of the resulting amide moiety under both basic and acidic conditions. To demonstrate the practical utility of this reagent, an efficient two-step synthesis of the potent opioid carfentanil is presented.
Crystal Structure of G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 5 in Complex with a Rationally Designed Inhibitor (2015)

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) regulate cell signaling by initiating the desensitization of active G protein-coupled receptors. The two most widely expressed GRKs (GRK2 and GRK5) play a role in cardiovascular disease and thus represent important targets for the development of novel therapeutic drugs. In the course of a GRK2 structure-based drug design campaign, one inhibitor (CCG215022) exhibited nanomolar IC50 values against both GRK2 and GRK5 and good selectivity against other closely related kinases such as GRK1 and PKA. Treatment of murine cardiomyocytes with CCG215022 resulted in significantly increased contractility at 20-fold lower concentrations than paroxetine, an inhibitor with more modest selectivity for GRK2. A 2.4 Å crystal structure of the GRK5·CCG215022 complex was determined and revealed that the inhibitor binds in the active site similarly to its parent compound GSK180736A. As designed, its 2-pyridylmethyl amide side chain occupies the hydrophobic subsite of the active site where it forms three additional hydrogen bonds, including one with the catalytic lysine. The overall conformation of the GRK5 kinase domain is similar to that of a previously determined structure of GRK6 in what is proposed to be its active state, but the C-terminal region of the enzyme adopts a distinct conformation. The kinetic properties of site-directed mutants in this region are consistent with the hypothesis that this novel C-terminal structure is representative of the membrane-bound conformation of the enzyme.
Methylenimmoniumsalze durch Hydrid‐Abstraktion aus tertiären Aminen (1971)

Abstract Die Darstellung der Methylenimmoniumsalze 3 (Tab. 1) gelingt durch Hydrid‐Abstraktion aus der Methylgruppe der tertiären Amine 1 mittels Di‐ und Tri‐aryl‐methyl‐Kationen 2 . Die Salze 3 werden durch IR‐ und NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen charakterisiert. Reaktionen der Methylenimmoniumsalze 3 mit Grignardverbindungen (zu 5 ), Wasser (zu 6 ), Acetophenon (zur Mannich‐Base 7 ) und N.N ‐Dimethylanilin (zu 8 und 9 ) werden beschrieben.
Computational Fluid Dynamic Investigation of Change of Volumetric Flow in Fluidized-Bed Reactors (2010)

The modeling and characterization of fluidized-bed reactors is challenging due to the variety of interrelated phenomena during the fluidization process. A key feature affecting gas−solid fluidized-bed reactors is the distribution of gas flow between phases. To address this flow distribution, conventional reactor modeling and computational fluid dynamics have been proposed in the literature. However, very little attention has been given to cases where the fluid volume changes due to factors such as variation in the total molar flow due to reaction, change of phase, utilization of membranes, and changes in temperature and pressure. This article investigates change in volumetric flow based on computational fluid dynamics. It is shown that a decrease in volumetric flow can profoundly influence the hydrodynamics, especially for smaller particles, whereas an increase in volumetric flow is accommodated with limited consequences, especially for larger particles.
Activation peptides prolong the murine plasma half-life of human factor VII (2011)

Coagulation factors VII (FVII), IX (FIX), X (FX), and protein C share the same domain organization but display very different plasma half-lives. It is plausible that the half-life is influenced by the activation peptide, differing in length and glycosylation and missing in FVII. To test this hypothesis, the influence of activation peptides on the plasma half-life of human FVII was studied by administering human FVII variants containing activation peptide motifs to mice. Insertion of the activation peptide from FX gave 4-fold longer terminal half-life (5.5 hours vs 1.4 hours for FVII), whereas the activation peptide from FIX and protein C resulted in half-lives of 4.3 and 1.7 hours, respectively. Using FX's activation peptide we identified the N-linked glycans as structural features important for the half-life. The peptide location within the FVII molecule appeared not to be critical because similar prolongation was obtained with the activation peptide inserted immediately before the normal site of activation and at the C-terminus. However, only the latter variant was activatable, yielding full amidolytic activity and reduced proteolytic activity with preserved long half-life. Our data support that activation peptides function as plasma retention signals and constitute a new manner to extend the half-life of FVII(a).
How FACTS controllers benefit AC transmission systems - phases of power system studies (2009)

This paper provides a summary of a presentation on "FACTS Fundamentals," for a session sponsored by the DC and FACTS Education Working Group, under the DC and FACTS Subcommittee of the T&D Committee. This paper and the accompanying presentation focuses on the phases of power system studies for FACTS installation projects. This paper is designed to be accompanied by the presentation material.
Modelling the ATP‐binding site of oncogene products, the epidermal growth factor receptor and related proteins (1984)

A three-dimensional model for the ATP-binding site of the oncogene product v-src is proposed by the use of interactive computer graphics. A similar model would apply to sequence related proteins such as other oncogene products, the epidermal growth factor receptor, cAMP-dependent protein kinase and the cell division control protein CDC28. The model was proposed on the basis of the conservation of certain key residues between the oncogene product family of proteins and several nucleotide binding proteins of known structures.
The working set model for program behavior (1967)

Probably the most basic reason behind the absence of a general treatment of resource allocation in modern computer systems is an adequate model for program behavior. In this paper a new model is developed, the “working set model”, which enables us to decide which information is in use by a running program and which is not. Such knowledge is vital for dynamic management of paged memories. The working set of pages associated with a process, defined to be the collection of its most recently used pages, is a useful allocation concept. A proposal for an easy-to-implement allocation policy is set forth; this policy is unique, inasmuch as it blends into one decision function the heretofore independent activities of process-scheduling and memory-management.
Structural insight into molecular mechanism of poly(ethylene terephthalate) degradation (2018)

Plastics, including poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), possess many desirable characteristics and thus are widely used in daily life. However, non-biodegradability, once thought to be an advantage offered by plastics, is causing major environmental problem. Recently, a PET-degrading bacterium, Ideonella sakaiensis, was identified and suggested for possible use in degradation and/or recycling of PET. However, the molecular mechanism of PET degradation is not known. Here we report the crystal structure of I. sakaiensis PETase (IsPETase) at 1.5 Å resolution. IsPETase has a Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad at its active site and contains an optimal substrate binding site to accommodate four monohydroxyethyl terephthalate (MHET) moieties of PET. Based on structural and site-directed mutagenesis experiments, the detailed process of PET degradation into MHET, terephthalic acid, and ethylene glycol is suggested. Moreover, other PETase candidates potentially having high PET-degrading activities are suggested based on phylogenetic tree analysis of 69 PETase-like proteins.
Unwinding of Duplex DNA from the SV40 Origin of Replication by T Antigen (1987)

The T antigen specified by SV40 virus is the only viral-encoded protein required for replication of SV40 DNA. T antigen has two activities that appear to be essential for viral DNA replication: specific binding to duplex DNA at the origin of replication and helicase activity that unwinds the two DNA strands. As judged by electron microscopy, DNA unwinding is initiated at the origin of replication and proceeds bidirectionally. Either linear or circular DNA molecules containing the origin of replication are effective substrates; with closed circular DNA, a topoisomerase capable of removing positive superhelical turns is required for an efficient reaction. Presence of an origin sequence on duplex DNA and a single-strand DNA-binding protein appear to be the only requirements for T antigen to catalyze unwinding. This reaction mediated by T antigen defines a likely pathway to precise initiation of DNA replication: (i) the sequence-specific binding activity locates the origin sequence, (ii) the duplex DNA is unwound at this site, and (iii) the DNA polymerase and primase begin DNA replication. A similar pathway has been inferred for the localized initiation of DNA replication by bacteriophage lambda and by Escherichia coli in which a sequence-specific binding protein locates the origin and directs the DnaB helicase to this site. Observations with the SV40 system indicate that localized initiation of duplex DNA replication may be similar for prokaryotes and eukaryotes.