gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Waste Anesthetic Gases, Monitoring Strategies, and Correlations Between Nitrous Oxide Levels and Health Symptoms (1994)

The release of waste anesthetic gases (WAG) in hospital operating rooms (ORs) was evaluated to determine if staff exposure to nitrous oxide exceeded the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV) and investigate possible correlations between symptoms and nitrous oxide exposure. The monitoring strategy consisted of nitrous oxide measurements by personal monitoring of the anesthetists and scrub nurses, and area monitoring at the exhaust grills. In addition, room ventilation rates and carbon dioxide concentrations were measured. Self-administered questionnaires were given to both the operating room personnel and staff on control wards. Nitrous oxide levels exceeded the current TLV of 50 ppm in 4 of 12 ORs. Anesthetists typically received the highest nitrous oxide exposure. There was a strong correlation (r2 = 0.90) for nitrous oxide dosimetry results between anesthetists and scrub nurses, and a fair correlation (r2 = 0.35) between area monitoring results and the anesthetists' personal exposures. Carbon dioxide levels commonly exceeded 1000 ppm on control wards. A correlation between reported symptoms and nitrous oxide exposure was not demonstrated. Reported symptoms more closely correlated with carbon dioxide levels. Nitrous oxide dosimetry of the anesthetists appears to be the only accurate strategy for monitoring human exposure to WAG in an operating room.
Variation in the Components of Head Extracts of Workers and Queens of Apis mellifera intermissa Buttel-Reepen (1989)

Quantitative analysis of nine major com ponents of the head extracts of workers and queens of Apis mellifera intermissa was carried out. Q ueen and worker component patterns were distinct. The patterns of both castes changed with age, and the worker patterns were also affected by being reared in the absence of a queen. The genetic variance of the component composition of the extracts was found to be higher in the queens than the workers. This may have functional significance in the recognition by workers of their own queen.
Further Investigation on Mechanism of Trap Level Modulation in Silicon Nitride Films by Fluorine Incorporation (2020)

Modulation of electron trap levels in fluorine (F) incorporated silicon nitride (SiNx) films was investigated by temperature-dependent discharging current transient spectroscopy (DCTS). The shallower trap level is observed in F incorporated SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> films. F incorporation has more influence on the energy level of traps in the most Si rich SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> film (x = 1.05) than the other SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> films (x = 1.11 and 1.23). Considering with physical analyses by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), X-ray-reflectometry (XRR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we found that depth profiles of F are different among these SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> films because F atoms can diffuse easily as increasing of Si content. It is plausible that the F incorporation around the charge centroid causes trap level shallowing. It is inferred that F atom terminates Si dangling bond and F-terminated puckered nitrogen vacancy originates the extracted very shallow trap level, which is suggested from first-principles calculations.
Development of Antipsychotic Medications with Novel Mechanisms of Action Based on Computational Modeling of Hippocampal Neuropathology (2013)

A large number of cellular level abnormalities have been identified in the hippocampus of schizophrenic subjects. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain how these pathologies interact at a system level to create clinical symptoms, and this has hindered the development of more effective antipsychotic medications. Using a 72-processor supercomputer, we created a tissue level hippocampal simulation, featuring multicompartmental neuron models with multiple ion channel subtypes and synaptic channels with realistic temporal dynamics. As an index of the schizophrenic phenotype, we used the specific inability of the model to attune to 40 Hz (gamma band) stimulation, a well-characterized abnormality in schizophrenia. We examined several possible combinations of putatively schizophrenogenic cellular lesions by systematically varying model parameters representing NMDA channel function, dendritic spine density, and GABA system integrity, conducting 910 trials in total. Two discrete "clusters" of neuropathological changes were identified. The most robust was characterized by co-occurring modest reductions in NMDA system function (-30%) and dendritic spine density (-30%). Another set of lesions had greater NMDA hypofunction along with low level GABA system dysregulation. To the schizophrenic model, we applied the effects of 1,500 virtual medications, which were implemented by varying five model parameters, independently, in a graded manner; the effects of known drugs were also applied. The simulation accurately distinguished agents that are known to lack clinical efficacy, and identified novel mechanisms (e.g., decrease in AMPA conductance decay time constant, increase in projection strength of calretinin-positive interneurons) and combinations of mechanisms that could re-equilibrate model behavior. These findings shed light on the mechanistic links between schizophrenic neuropathology and the gamma band oscillatory abnormalities observed in the illness. As such, they generate specific falsifiable hypotheses, which can guide postmortem and other laboratory research. Significantly, this work also suggests specific non-obvious targets for potential pharmacologic agents.
Uncovering biological network function via graphlet degree signatures. (2008)

Data is available upon request.
Kirsten ras mutations in patients with colorectal cancer: the ‘RASCAL II’ study (2001)

Researchers worldwide with information about the Kirsten ras (Ki-ras) tumour genotype and outcome of patients with colorectal cancer were invited to provide that data in a schematized format for inclusion in a collaborative database called RASCAL (The Kirsten ras in-colorectal-cancer collaborative group). Our results from 2721 such patients have been presented previously and for the first time in any common cancer, showed conclusively that different gene mutations have different impacts on outcome, even when the mutations occur at the same site on the genome. To explore the effect of Ki-ras mutations at different stages of colorectal cancer, more patients were recruited to the database, which was reanalysed when information on 4268 patients from 42 centres in 21 countries had been entered. After predetermined exclusion criteria were applied, data on 3439 patients were entered into a multivariate analysis. This found that of the 12 possible mutations on codons 12 and 13 of Kirsten ras, only one mutation on codon 12, glycine to valine, found in 8.6% of all patients, had a statistically significant impact on failure-free survival (P = 0.004, HR 1.3) and overall survival (P = 0.008, HR 1.29). This mutation appeared to have a greater impact on outcome in Dukes' C cancers (failure-free survival, P = 0.008, HR 1.5; overall survival P = 0.02, HR 1.45) than in Dukes' B tumours (failure-free survival, P = 0.46, HR 1.12; overall survival P = 0.36, HR 1.15). Ki-ras mutations may occur early in the development of pre-cancerous adenomas in the colon and rectum. However, this collaborative study suggests that not only is the presence of a codon 12 glycine to valine mutation important for cancer progression but also that it may predispose to more aggressive biological behaviour in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Pattern recognition in the prediction of protein structural class (2002)

Algorithms that predict the secondary structure of individual amino acids based solely on their local sequence environment obtain at best 60% to 65% accuracy. The approach presented uses more global information as input to two methodologies, a modified Euclidean statistical clustering algorithm and a three-layer backpropagation network. Input to both these methods consists of the normalized frequency of the 20 amino acids as well as the frequency of six hydrophobic amino acid patterns. The average predictive accuracy for all test set proteins using the Euclidean statistic was 74.0%. The backpropagation network correctly predicted 76.2% of the test proteins. These results show that there exist patterns in the protein primary sequence that are useful for the prediction of protein structural class by certain statistical clustering algorithms and neural networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pretreatment with phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) inhibitor SF1670 augments the efficacy of granulocyte transfusion in a clinically relevant mouse model (2011)

The clinical outcome of granulocyte transfusion therapy is often hampered by short ex vivo shelf life, inefficiency of recruitment to sites of inflammation, and poor pathogen-killing capability of transplanted neutrophils. Here, using a recently developed mouse granulocyte transfusion model, we revealed that the efficacy of granulocyte transfusion can be significantly increased by elevating intracellular phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate signaling with a specific phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) inhibitor SF1670. Neutrophils treated with SF1670 were much sensitive to chemoattractant stimulation. Neutrophil functions, such as phagocytosis, oxidative burst, polarization, and chemotaxis, were augmented after SF1670 treatment. The recruitment of SF1670-pretreated transfused neutrophils to the inflamed peritoneal cavity and lungs was significantly elevated. In addition, transfusion with SF1670-treated neutrophils led to augmented bacteria-killing capability (decreased bacterial burden) in neutropenic recipient mice in both peritonitis and bacterial pneumonia. Consequently, this alleviated the severity of and decreased the mortality of neutropenia-related pneumonia. Together, these observations demonstrate that the innate immune responses can be enhanced and the severity of neutropenia-related infection can be alleviated by augmenting phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate in transfused neutrophils with PTEN inhibitor SF1670, providing a therapeutic strategy for improving the efficacy of granulocyte transfusion.
Cyclopolymerization. V. Copolymerization of acrylic and methacrylic anhydrides with vinyl monomers (1964)

Abstract The copolymerizations of acrylic (AA) and methacrylic (MAA) anhydrides (M 1 ) with styrene (St) and methacrylonitrile (MAN) have been examined; similarly that of acrylic anhydride with allyl chloride. In these systems the reactivity ratio of an open unit radical ( r 1 ) is equal to that of a cyclized radical ( r 3 ), and the usual Alfrey‐Price equation is valid. By using a graphical method the ratios of the cross propagation rate constant to the cyclization rate constant ( k 12 / k c ) have been also evaluated. The following values for r 1 , r 2 , and k 12 / k c respectively have been found, M 1 being the anhydride: for the system AA (M 1 )–St, 0.1, 0.17, and 4; for the system AA–MAN, 0.9, 0.04, and 0.14; for the system AA–allyl chloride, 11.5, 0.01, and 0. For the same systems with MAA, the values of r 1 , r 2 , and k 12 / k c were 0.26, 0.12, and 0.2 with St, and 1.6, 0.27, and about zero with MAN. These data indicate also that the cyclization reaction is always more pronounced for methacrylic anhydride than for the acrylic anhydride.
Cation-directed photochemistry of an anthraceno-crown ether (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCation-directed photochemistry of an anthraceno-crown etherHenri. Bouas-Laurent, Alain. Castellan, Michele. Daney, Jean Pierre. Desvergne, Gerard. Guinand, Pierre. Marsau, and Marie Helene. RiffaudCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2, 315–317Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00262a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00262a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views445Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Host Intestinal Signal-Promoted Biofilm Dispersal Induces Vibrio cholerae Colonization (2014)

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae causes human infection through ingestion of contaminated food and water, leading to the devastating diarrheal disease cholera. V. cholerae forms matrix-encased aggregates, known as biofilms, in the native aquatic environment. While the formation of V. cholerae biofilms has been well studied, little is known about the dispersal from biofilms, particularly upon entry into the host. In this study, we found that the exposure of mature biofilms to physiologic levels of the bile salt taurocholate, a host signal for the virulence gene induction of V. cholerae , induces an increase in the number of detached cells with a concomitant decrease in biofilm mass. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of biofilms exposed to taurocholate revealed an altered, perhaps degraded, appearance of the biofilm matrix. The inhibition of protein synthesis did not alter rates of detachment, suggesting that V. cholerae undergoes a passive dispersal. Cell-free media from taurocholate-exposed biofilms contains a larger amount of free polysaccharide, suggesting an abiotic degradation of biofilm matrix by taurocholate. Furthermore, we found that V. cholerae is only able to induce virulence in response to taurocholate after exit from the biofilm. Thus, we propose a model in which V. cholerae ingested as a biofilm has coopted the host-derived bile salt signal to detach from the biofilm and go on to activate virulence.
Protein uptake by the intestine: evidence for absorption of intact macromolecules. (1974)

The ability of the mature small intestine to absorb intact protein was studied in adult rats prepared with duodenal cannulas, mesenteric lymph fistulae, and portal vein cannulas. After infusion of tritiumlabeled bovine serum albumin (3H-BSA) into the duodenum, approximately 2% of the 3H-BSA was transmitted in macromolecular form into the lymph and blood. The amount of 3H-BSA was directly proportional to the amount administered. The molecular weight of the absorbed macromolecule was shown to exceed 50,000 by Sephadex gel filtration. Absorbed protein was identified immunologically as BSA on Ouchterlony plates with monospecific rabbit anti-BSA. The findings provide additional evidence for the concept that intact protein can traverse the mature intestinal epithelium under physiologic conditions.
Early supplementation with <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i>   <scp>HN</scp> 001 reduces eczema prevalence to 6 years: does it also reduce atopic sensitization? (2013)

This study provides evidence for the efficacy of the probiotic L. rhamnosus HN001 in preventing the development of eczema and possibly also atopic sensitization in high risk infants to age 6 years. The absence of a similar effect for HN019 indicates that benefits may be species specific.
Engineered porous ceramics using a directional freeze-drying process (2005)

It is shown, that directional freeze-drying is capable of forming dense and porous ceramic structures in one processing step. This promising technique makes for high porosities (up to 90%), the development of aligned pores and graded porosity while sintering shrinkage is reduced. Research on yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and subsequently fine copper particle systems, indicates that this method appears applicable to various material systems without major processing modifications. Graded functional ceramic and cermet layers, which are particularly important in porous anode-electrolyte assemblies in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), could also be processed in one step using the freeze-drying approach. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study pore formation mechanisms and pore geometry. It could be shown, that the mechanism, which drives pore formation in directional freeze-drying, may result from convective motion of the water-based ceramic slurry at the onset of freezing
Fuel Economy Trends and Catalytic Devices (1974)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In 1968, a major oil company cancelled its annual automobile economy run after sponsoring it for 18 consecutive years -presumably due to lack of interest from the public and the press. Almost coincident with that cancellation was the beginning of production automobile exhaust emission control on a national basis and a downward inflection in the historic trend of automobile fuel economy. In contrast, the past year has seen a major revival of interest, by both the public and the press, in fuel economy. In the next few weeks, the nation will be introduced to a new direction in automotive exhaust emission control which will profoundly affect the fuel economy trend. Perhaps equally, or even more important, the next few months are expected to see major national decisions on future automobile emission control which will likely have a significant influence on the direction taken by automobile fuel economy a few years hence. It, therefore, appears most appropriate at this time to examine the present trend in automotive fuel economy as influenced by control of air pollutant emissions.</div>
원저 : 위루술 Kit 를 이용한 경피내시경하 위루술 (1988)

Since the introduction of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) by Ponsky in 1980, PEG has accepted as the choice for enteral feeding method in patients unable to swallow. Recently ready-made PEG Kit was introduced and this easy-to-use system designed to make gastrostomy procedure safe, simple and rapid. We performed percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in 19 patients with ready-made gastrostomy kit. The results were as follows: 1) The success rate of PEG by ready-made gastrostomy kit was 100%. 2) The mean operative time was 22.2 minutes (ranging from 13 minutes to 50 minutes). 3) Preoperative complications associated with Levin tube was completely disappeared after PEG. 4) Complications associated with PEG was developed in 5 cases, but major complications that caused removal of feeding tube were absent. 5) In the follow-up of 19 patients, feeding tube was removed in 3 patients because of improvement of swallowing ability, and 6 patients could be discharged with unremoved state of feeding tube. These results suggest that, PEG using ready-made gastrostomy kit is simple, rapid and safe method. So it may become the choice for the procedure of enteral feeding in patients with swallowing difficulty and intact gastrointestinal tract.
Anti‐ <scp>BDCA</scp> 2 monoclonal antibody inhibits plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation through Fc‐dependent and Fc‐independent mechanisms (2015)

Type I interferons (IFN-I) are implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In SLE, immune complexes bind to the CD32a (FcγRIIa) receptor on the surface of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and stimulate the secretion of IFN-I from pDCs. BDCA2 is a pDC-specific receptor that, when engaged, inhibits the production of IFN-I in human pDCs. BDCA2 engagement, therefore, represents an attractive therapeutic target for inhibiting pDC-derived IFN-I and may be an effective therapy for the treatment of SLE. In this study, we show that 24F4A, a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) against BDCA2, engages BDCA2 and leads to its internalization and the consequent inhibition of TLR-induced IFN-I by pDCs in vitro using blood from both healthy and SLE donors. These effects were confirmed in vivo using a single injection of 24F4A in cynomolgus monkeys. 24F4A also inhibited pDC activation by SLE-associated immune complexes (IC). In addition to the inhibitory effect of 24F4A through engagement of BDCA2, the Fc region of 24F4A was critical for potent inhibition of IC-induced IFN-I production through internalization of CD32a. This study highlights the novel therapeutic potential of an effector-competent anti-BDCA2 mAb that demonstrates a dual mechanism to dampen pDC responses for enhanced clinical efficacy in SLE.
Pd‐, Ni‐, Fe‐, and Co‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings Using Functionalized Zn‐, Mg‐, Fe‐, and In‐Organometallics (2010)

Abstract The development of new methods for preparing polyfunctional organometallics has made a broad range of such reagents available for various transition metal‐catalyzed cross‐couplings. An overview of the most general preparation methods will be presented. Applications to practical cross‐coupling procedures will be covered, emphasizing the functional group compatibility and the reaction scope.
Adjacent Basic Amino Acid Residues Recognized by the COP I Complex and Ubiquitination Govern Endoplasmic Reticulum to Cell Surface Trafficking of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α-Subunit (2001)

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in muscle is a ligand-gated ion channel with an ordered subunit arrangement of alpha-gamma-alpha-delta-beta. The subunits are sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and assembled into the pentameric arrangement prior to their exit to the cell surface. Mutating the Arg(313)-Lys(314) sequence in the large cytoplasmic loop of the alpha-subunit to K314Q promotes the trafficking of the mutant unassembled alpha-subunit from the ER to the Golgi in transfected HEK cells, identifying an important determinant that modulates the ER to Golgi trafficking of the subunit. The association of the K314Q alpha-subunit with gamma-COP, a component of COP I coats implicated in Golgi to ER anterograde transport, is diminished to a level comparable to that observed for wild-type alpha-subunits when co-expressed with the beta-, delta-, and gamma-subunits. This suggests that the Arg(313)-Lys(314) sequence is masked when the subunits assemble, thereby enabling ER to Golgi trafficking of the alpha-subunit. Although unassembled K314Q alpha-subunits accumulate in the Golgi, they are not detected at the cell surface, suggesting that a second post-Golgi level of capture exists. Expressing the K314Q alpha-subunit in the absence of the other subunits in ubiquitinating deficient cells (ts20) results in detecting this subunit at the cell surface, indicating that ubiquitination functions as a post-Golgi modulator of trafficking. Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that subunit assembly sterically occludes the trafficking signals and ubiquitination at specific sites. Following the masking of these signals, the assembled ion channel expresses at the cell surface.