gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A risk‐based approach for bidding strategy in an electricity pay‐as‐bid auction (2007)

Abstract With the reform of electric power industry and the development of electrical energy markets in many countries, it is of significance to develop bidding strategies for generation companies (GenCos). In this environment, one of the most challenging and important tasks for a GenCo is developing effective strategies to optimize hourly offer curve. In this paper, focusing on Iran's electricity market structure, we model the bidding problem from the viewpoint of a GenCo in a pay‐as‐bid (PAB) auction. Our goal is to present a tool for determining the optimal bidding strategy of a price‐taker producer in an electricity PAB auction taking into account the relevant risks. Due to uncertainties in power market, the market‐clearing price (MCP) of each hour is assumed to be known as a probability density function (pdf). The optimal solution of bidding problem is obtained analytically based on the classical optimization theory. Also, the analytical solution for a multi‐step bid protocol is generalized and the properties of the generalized solution are discussed. A model is developed to consider concept of risk using two different methods. The two proposed methods are then compared and the results interpreted using numerical examples. In addition, the effect of variation of MCP's pdf parameters on supplier's profit is studied. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conductive plastic for simulating biological tissue at microwave frequencies (2000)

A conductive plastic composite that exhibits complex dielectric properties similar to biological tissues over the electromagnetic spectrum of 300-900 MHz has been synthesized from compressed carbon black mixed with a castable thermoplastic (polyethyl methacrylate). This paper presents the techniques used to control the electrical properties of the conductive plastic and describes the challenges encountered in fabricating a material containing a high proportion of carbon black. While developed to serve as a housing material for a microwave antenna array for imaging biological bodies, the composite should be useful in any setting requiring a stable, solid, high loss material that simulates biological tissues over the microwave spectrum.
Variability among the Sites by Which Curaremimetic Toxins Bind to Torpedo Acetylcholine Receptor, as Revealed by Identification of the Functional Residues of α-Cobratoxin (1999)

alpha-Cobratoxin, a long chain curaremimetic toxin from Naja kaouthia venom, was produced recombinantly (ralpha-Cbtx) from Escherichia coli. It was indistinguishable from the snake toxin. Mutations at 8 of the 29 explored toxin positions resulted in affinity decreases for Torpedo receptor with DeltaDeltaG higher than 1.1 kcal/mol. These are R33E > K49E > D27R > K23E > F29A >/= W25A > R36A >/= F65A. These positions cover a homogeneous surface of approximately 880 A(2) and mostly belong to the second toxin loop, except Lys-49 and Phe-65 which are, respectively, on the third loop and C-terminal tail. The mutations K23E and K49E, and perhaps R33E, induced discriminative interactions at the two toxin-binding sites. When compared with the short toxin erabutoxin a (Ea), a number of structurally equivalent residues are commonly implicated in binding to muscular-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. These are Lys-23/Lys-27, Asp-27/Asp-31, Arg-33/Arg-33, Lys-49/Lys-47, and to a lesser and variable extent Trp-25/Trp-29 and Phe-29/Phe-32. In addition, however, the short and long toxins display three major differences. First, Asp-38 is important in Ea in contrast to the homologous Glu-38 in alpha-Cbtx. Second, all of the first loop is insensitive to mutation in alpha-Cbtx, whereas its tip is functionally critical in Ea. Third, the C-terminal tail may be specifically critical in alpha-Cbtx. Therefore, the functional sites of long and short curaremimetic toxins are not identical, but they share common features and marked differences that might reflect an evolutionary pressure associated with a great diversity of prey receptors.
Presentation Attack Detection Algorithm For Face And Iris Biometrics (2014)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Lisbon, Portugal, 2014
Non-destructive evaluation of bonded structures with lock-in thermography (2003)

Abstract Lock-in thermography is employed for non-destructive evaluation of several types of bonded structures, which are commonly encountered in industrial applications. Specimens were fabricated to simulate: adhesively bonded aluminium joints, which are commonly used in aeronautical and automotive fields; bonds between pipes of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) employed in the transport of liquids (sewage systems); and bonds between plates of Plexiglas which are widely used in the manufacturing of aquaria. Amongst bonded structures, the composite materials are very important, which are generally made of carbon, glass, or Kevlar™ aramid fibers and epoxy resin, and which find application in many industrial fields, especially the aeronautical industry, because of their higher strength and lower weight as compared to metallic materials. It is known that surface plasma treatment of a material improves its adhesion, but it is also known that this treatment will degrade over time if the material is not bonded immediately. Thus, to assure quality, any bonded system should be monitored by the most effective non-destructive technique. To obtain information about the ability of lock-in thermography to assess the performance of such plasma treatment, several specimens were fabricated from either composites (carbon, or Kevlar™ fabric layers plus epoxy resin), or glass plates with and without surface plasma treatment before bonding. In addition, a sample was obtained from a piece of a typical insulated wall of refrigerator vehicles, which actually is a sandwich of polyurethane foam between two plates of fiberglass. The results obtained show that lock-in thermography is a useful tool for non-destructive evaluation of bonded structures. Keywords: BONDED STRUCTURESNON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATIONLOCK-IN THERMOGRAPHYPHASE IMAGESADHESIVELY BONDED ALUMINIUM JOINTSCOMPOSITE LAMINATESPLASMA TREATMENT
Facilitating translation of technical information for the international market (1990)

With more US companies going outside the country to do business, creating good technical information that can be easily translated is a major concern. The author examines three areas of translations: (1) how information can be developed so it can be easily translated; (2) how the company can communicate with the translators throughout information development and translation; and (3) some of the unique problems that translators have and what can be done to prevent them. It is concluded that, by first facilitating translation during the information-development phase and then by communicating openly and frequently with the translators, companies can ensure a smooth translation cycle.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reconfigurable Full-Page Braille Displays (1994)

Electrically actuated braille display cells of proposed type arrayed together to form full-page braille displays. Like other braille display cells, these provide changeable patterns of bumps driven by digitally recorded text stored on magnetic tapes or in solid-state electronic memories. Proposed cells contain electrorheological fluid. Viscosity of such fluid increases in strong electrostatic field.
Imaging of articular cartilage (2014)

We tried to review the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in understanding microscopic and morphologic structure of the articular cartilage. The optimal protocols and available spin-echo sequences in present day practice are reviewed in context of common pathologies of articular cartilage. The future trends of articular cartilage imaging have been discussed with their appropriateness. In diarthrodial joints of the body, articular cartilage is functionally very important. It is frequently exposed to trauma, degeneration, and repetitive wear and tear. MRI has played a vital role in evaluation of articular cartilage. With the availability of advanced repair surgeries for cartilage lesions, there has been an increased demand for improved cartilage imaging techniques. Recent advances in imaging strategies for native and postoperative articular cartilage open up an entirely new approach in management of cartilage-related pathologies.
Differential angle of arrival: Theory, evaluation, and measurement feasibility (1975)

The problem of measuring differential angle of arrival through two relatively small apertures of variable separation is considered. The motivation is to evaluate the practicality of a measurement program using such a quantity to observe atmospheric turbulence wave‐front distortion effects when one end of the link is moving and cannot be tracked precisely. (If precise tracking were possible, then measurement of the angular resolution with a single aperture could be used to characterize the propagation path.) Theoretical results for the mean‐square difference in angle of arrival are developed and numerical results are presented. Comparison of expected magnitude of effects with available measurement instrument precision indicates that the experiment should be possible, but will depend on our ability to achieve an rms single‐axis angle‐of‐arrival measurement precision of the order of 0.1 arc sec or better.
Human breast cancer cell lines resistant to pure anti‐estrogens are sensitive to tamoxifen treatment (1995)

The pure steroidal anti-estrogens ICI 164,384 and ICI 182,780 are very potent growth inhibitors of the estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. However, long-term treatment of MCF-7 cells with 10(-7) M concentrations of these compounds results in selection of proliferating colonies of resistant cells. Our report describes 4 ICI 164,384- and 3 ICI 182,780-resistant MCF-7 sublines established after long-term treatment. Resistant sublines are estrogen receptor-positive, and all sublines have lost expression and estrogen inducibility of the progesterone receptor protein. Based on IC50 concentrations, all tested resistant sublines had a reduced sensitivity to pure anti-estrogens on the order of 100- to 1000-fold compared with parent MCF-7 cells. All resistant cell lines have survived propagation for more than 15 subcultivations in the presence of 10(-7) M pure anti-estrogen. The MCF-7/182R-6 subline has been tested for stability of resistance and appeared to be stably resistant after 13 weeks of propagation without the selective pressure of ICI 182,780. Cell lines resistant to the ICI 182,780 compound are cross-resistant to the ICI 164,384 compound and vice versa. However, the sublines resistant to pure antiestrogens are sensitive to tamoxifen. Our results show that although the pure steroidal anti-estrogens are very potent growth inhibitors, they do not circumvent development of resistance.
Mathematical modelling of whole chromosome replication (2010)

All chromosomes must be completely replicated prior to cell division, a requirement that demands the activation of a sufficient number of appropriately distributed DNA replication origins. Here we investigate how the activity of multiple origins on each chromosome is coordinated to ensure successful replication. We present a stochastic model for whole chromosome replication where the dynamics are based upon the parameters of individual origins. Using this model we demonstrate that mean replication time at any given chromosome position is determined collectively by the parameters of all origins. Combining parameter estimation with extensive simulations we show that there is a range of model parameters consistent with mean replication data, emphasising the need for caution in interpreting such data. In contrast, the replicated-fraction at time points through S phase contains more information than mean replication time data and allowed us to use our model to uniquely estimate many origin parameters. These estimated parameters enable us to make a number of predictions that showed agreement with independent experimental data, confirming that our model has predictive power. In summary, we demonstrate that a stochastic model can recapitulate experimental observations, including those that might be interpreted as deterministic such as ordered origin activation times.
Amorphous SiGe:H photodetectors on glass optical waveguides (1990)

Amorphous SiGe:H thin-film photodetectors integrated with ion-exchanged optical waveguides on glass are discussed. The lateral coupling between single-mode waveguide and detector is provided via an intermediate indium-tin-oxide transparent electrode located above the waveguide, followed by a p-i-n photodetector. The optical coupling between waveguide and detector depends strongly on the polarization of the incoming optical mode in the waveguide. Using a random optical bitstream in the waveguide, the detector, which is not yet optimized, responds to signals up to about 20 Mb/s NRZ (nonreturn-to-zero).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identifiability and Exchangeability for Direct and Indirect Effects (1992)

We consider the problem of separating the direct effects of an exposure from effects relayed through an intermediate variable (indirect effects). We show that adjustment for the intermediate variable, which is the most common method of estimating direct effects, can be biased. We also show that even in a randomized crossover trial of exposure, direct and indirect effects cannot be separated without special assumptions; in other words, direct and indirect effects are not separately identifiable when only exposure is randomized. If the exposure and intermediate never interact to cause disease and if intermediate effects can be controlled, that is, blocked by a suitable intervention, then a trial randomizing both exposure and the intervention can separate direct from indirect effects. Nonetheless, the estimation must be carried out using the G-computation algorithm. Conventional adjustment methods remain biased. When exposure and the intermediate interact to cause disease, direct and indirect effects will not be separable even in a trial in which both the exposure and the intervention blocking intermediate effects are randomly assigned. Nonetheless, in such a trial, one can still estimate the fraction of exposure-induced disease that could be prevented by control of the intermediate. Even in the absence of an intervention blocking the intermediate effect, the fraction of exposure-induced disease that could be prevented by control of the intermediate can be estimated with the G-computation algorithm if data are obtained on additional confounding variables.
Reaction of Fluorine with Water and with Hydroxides (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Fluorine with Water and with HydroxidesGeorge Hamilton CadyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 2, 246–249Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01305a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01305a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views491Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recent progress in mapping the emerging landscape of the small-cell lung cancer genome (2019)

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains the deadliest of all the lung cancer types. Its high mortality is largely attributed to the invariable development of resistance to standard chemo/radiotherapies, which have remained unchanged for the past 30 years, underscoring the need for new therapeutic approaches. The discovery of molecular targets for chemoprevention and treatment has been hampered by the poor understanding of SCLC progression. In recent years, comprehensive omics-based analyses have led to the discovery of recurrent alterations in patient tumors, and functional studies using genetically engineered mouse models and patient-derived tumor models have provided information about the alterations critical for SCLC pathogenesis. Defining the somatic alterations scattered throughout the SCLC genome will help to understand the underlying mechanism of this devastating disease and pave the way for the discovery of therapeutic vulnerabilities associated with the genomic alterations.
Alterations in the phenotype of plant cells studied by NH <sub>2</sub> -terminal amino acid-sequence analysis of proteins electroblotted from two-dimensional gel-separated total extracts (1987)

Phenotypic alterations induced by the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine in cell suspensions of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia were studied at the level of the NH(2)-terminal sequence of the constituent proteins. Total protein extracts were separated by classical two-dimensional PAGE, and the proteins were recovered by electroblotting onto support materials allowing direct gas-phase sequence analysis of the immobilized proteins. The systems used consist of an efficient electrotransfer buffer (50 mM Tris borate, pH 8.3) in combination with either glass-fiber sheets to which poly(4-vinyl-N-methylpyridinium iodide) is adsorbed or with membranes of polyvinylidene difluoride. The former is an improved version of our previously reported Polybrene-coated glass-fiber sheets and was found to be at least twice as efficient as the polyvinylidene difluoride blots. Thirteen proteins were selected for analysis. They were either induced, repressed, or independent of cytokinin. Ten proteins yielded a sequence, ranging from 10 to 38 residues. Three of the studied Nicotiana proteins show a degree of homology higher than 85% with the amino acid sequences of other eukaryotic proteins-triose-phosphate isomerase, Mn superoxide dismutase, and (1,3)-beta-glucanase. The latter enzyme was repressed by the plant hormone. This study demonstrates that proteins associated with phenotypic variations in cells can now be sequenced by a straightforward procedure involving two-dimensional gel separation of total cellular proteins, recovery by electroblotting, and gas-phase sequence analysis of the immobilized proteins.
Analysis of the biotin‐binding site on acetyl‐CoA carboxylase from rat (1989)

The biotin-binding site of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from rat was characterized as to its amino acid sequence and relative position in the enzyme molecule. Biotin binds to the lysyl residue in the tetrapeptide Val-Met-Lys-Met; this tetrapeptide is located in close proximity to the NH2 terminus. In all other biotin-containing enzymes, the conserved tetrapeptide Ala-Met-Lys-Met is the counterpart to that of rat acetyl-CoA carboxylase; and the lysyl residue is 35 residues from the COOH terminus. To examine the significance of these unusual features of the biotinylation site of animal acetyl-CoA carboxylase, cDNA fragments were expressed in a bacterial system and the effects of specific site-directed mutagenesis were examined. Replacement of Val by Ala in the conserved tetrapeptide abolished biotinylation of the expressed protein. However, introduction of a termination codon at residue 36, in such a way that the distance between the lysine on which biotin binds and the COOH-terminal amino acid was 35 residues and the penultimate amino acid was the hydrophobic residue leucine, increased the efficiency of biotinylation, provided a substantial portion of the NH2-terminal peptide was removed.
Exceptionally fast non-linear 3D image registration using GPUs (2009)

We have developed code to test the potential of GPUs for speeding up typical 3D Medical Image registration tasks. We have used NVIDIA's CUDA programming language because this is very close to C and hence such code is likely to have lasting value. We find registration using both affine and B-Spline based non-linear transformations can be greatly speeded up. A typical very high resolution registration using up to one B-Spline control point every two voxels can be completed in about 5 minutes using a Normalized Correlation cost function and in about eight minutes using a Normalized Mutual Information cost function.
Charge Transfer Time in Alkanethiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers via Resonant Auger Electron Spectroscopy (2010)

The dynamics of the charge transfer (CT) in alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers is addressed by resonant Auger spectroscopy using the core hole clock method. The CT pathway was unambiguously defined by resonant excitation of the nitrile tailgroup attached to the alkyl backbone. The length of this backbone was varied to monitor the respective dependence of the CT time. It was found that, similar to the static conductance, this dependence can be coarsely described by an exponential function with an attenuation factor of 0.93 per methylene unit (0.72 Å−1; a tunneling along the chain was assumed). As a result, the CT time is quite long even for a relatively short alkyl chain; in particular, it is ca. 100 fs for the chain consisting of only four CH2 units. In contrast, the CT time associated with the thiolate headgroup anchor was found to be quite short, viz. 2.3 fs, which suggests an efficient interfacial electronic coupling between the aliphatic backbone of the CnCN molecules and the substrate over the thiolate−gold linkage.
Representing design alternatives (1980)

Artificial intelligence systems are complex designed artifacts. Techniques used in Al systems to describe structures and to represent alternatives can be used to support the design of the systems themselves. PIE is an experimental personal information environment which provides users with descriptive structures for programs and documents. In PIE, alternative designs for programs and documents are simultaneously viewable in the system through the use of a context structured database. This short paper gives an overview of how the use of these facilities improves the design environment for builders of software systems.
Compact and Anonymous Role-Based Authorization Chain (2009)

We introduce a decentralized delegation model called anonymous role-based cascaded delegation. In this model, a delegator can issue authorizations on behalf of her role without revealing her identity. This type of delegation protects the sensitive membership information of a delegator and hides the internal structure of an organization. To provide an efficient storage and transmission mechanism for credentials used in anonymous role-based cascaded delegation, we present a new digital signature scheme that supports both signer anonymity and signature aggregation. Our scheme has compact role signatures that make it especially suitable for ubiquitous computing environments, where users may have mobile computing devices with narrow communication bandwidth and small storage units.
Genetic Determinants of Response to Warfarin during Initial Anticoagulation (2008)

Initial variability in the INR response to warfarin was more strongly associated with genetic variability in the pharmacologic target of warfarin, VKORC1, than with CYP2C9.