gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Small-Molecule Inhibitor for Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue Deleted on Chromosome 10 (PTEN) (2006)

Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase, is an important regulator of insulin-dependent signaling. The loss or impairment of PTEN results in an antidiabetic impact, which led to the suggestion that PTEN could be an important target for drugs against type II diabetes. Here we report the design and validation of a small- molecule inhibitor of PTEN. Compared with other cysteine-based phosphatases, PTEN has a much wider active site cleft enabling it to bind the PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 substrate. We have exploited this feature in the design of vanadate scaffolds complexed to a range of different organic ligands, some of which show potent inhibitory activity. A vanadyl complexed to hydroxypicolinic acid was found to be a highly potent and specific inhibitor of PTEN that increases cellular PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 levels, phosphorylation of Akt, and glucose uptake in adipocytes at nanomolar concentrations. The findings presented here demonstrate the applicability of a novel and specific chemical inhibitor against PTEN in research and drug development.
Evaluation of ultralow platinum loaded electrodes in PEM fuel cell at ambient conditions (1994)

A Nafion{reg_sign} slurry coating method was used to prepare thin film electrode-membrane assemblies with ultralow platinum loadings in the range 0.025--0.09 mg/cm{sup 2} for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. This assembly, evaluated at ambient conditions, showed a catalyst utilization that was considerably higher by a factor of 7 when compared to an assembly prepared from the commercially available E-tek electrodes. A model for the factors determining catalyst utilization in fuel cell electrodes, and the optimization of the thin electrode composition are described.
Synergistic Radioprotection by Gamma-Tocotrienol and Pentoxifylline: Role of cAMP Signaling (2013)

Purpose. This study was designed to determine the efficacy and mechanisms of radioprotection by the combination of gamma-tocotrienol (GT3) and pentoxifylline (PTX) against acute radiation injury. Materials and Methods. Post-irradiation survival was monitored to determine the most efficacious dose and time of administration of PTX. Dose reduction factor (DRF) was calculated to compare the radioprotective efficacy of the combination. To determine the mechanism of synergistic radioprotection by the combination, mevalonate or calmodulin were coadministered with the GT3-PTX combination. Mevalonate was used to reverse the inhibitory effect of GT3 on 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), and calmodulin was used to reverse the inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) by PTX. Results. The combination was most effective when 200 mg/kg of PTX was administered 15 min before irradiation along with 200 mg/kg of GT3 (-24 h) and resulted in a DRF of 1.5. White blood cells and neutrophil counts showed accelerated recovery in GT3-PTX-treated groups compared to GT3. Mevalonate had no effect on the radioprotection of GT3-PTX; calmodulin abrogated the synergistic radioprotection by GT3-PTX. Conclusion. The mechanism of radioprotection by GT3-PTX may involve PDE inhibition.
L-Shape Model Switching-Based Precise Motion Tracking of Moving Vehicles Using Laser Scanners (2017)

Detection and tracking of moving objects is one of the most essential functions of autonomous cars. In order to estimate the dynamic information of a moving object accurately, laser scanners are widely used for their highly accurate distance data. However, these data only represent the surface of an object facing the sensor and changes the appearance of an object over time. This change produces unexpected tracking errors of estimated dynamic states. In this paper, in order to minimize the tracking error caused by appearance changes, a tracking algorithm based on L-shaped model switching is proposed. The suggested algorithm is validated in real traffic experiments where position, velocity, and heading angle error were measured by using precise GPS. The L-shape tracking algorithm successfully mitigated the effect of appearance changes and improved estimation performance.
NGO: A New Perspective for Judging U.S. Int'l Influences (2004)

As is known to all, the influences of a state on the international community largely depend on its comprehensive national power, and such power can generally be divided into hard national power and soft national power.
Tribenzyltin Chloride (1997)

The crystal structure of tribenzyltin chloride consists of [SnCl(C7H7)3] molecules linked axially by a tin–chlorine bridge [Sn—Cl 2.387 (2), Sn⋯Cl = 3.531 (2) Å and Cl—Sn⋯Cl = 180°] into a linear chain along the c axis.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of efinaconazole 10% solution in healthy volunteers and patients with severe onychomycosis. (2013)

Efinaconazole 10% solution resulted in very low systemic exposures to efinaconazole and H3 when applied topically at maximum use conditions to healthy volunteer and onychomycosis patients' toenails. Efinaconazole is a CYP inhibitor like other azole antifungals, and its lowest ki is 91 ng/mL for CYP2C9, a >130-fold higher concentration than the mean steady state Cmax observed in patients. The Cmax/ki ratio was 0.007, well below the threshold for clinical DDI evaluation as recommended in regulatory guidances, thereby suggesting efinaconazole 10% solution has remote potential for drug-drug interactions.
Human Tracheal Gland Cells in Primary Culture (2003)

For several years, tracheal gland cells have been cultured from different animal species, such as the cat (1), cow (2), and ferret (3). There are dlffer ences, however, in the structure and function of the various animal airways, rendering it difficult to extrapolate to humans. In this chapter, the author describes techniques that facilitate the isolation and culture of tracheal gland cells from humans. These techniques allow high reproducibility, optimal cell isolation, and high phenotypic expression, rendering them appropriate for physiological, pharmacological, and biomedical applications.
Ku-Band Link Budget Analysis of UAV with Atmospheric Losses (2006)

In this paper, we analyze the UAV datalink design with calculating link budget of long-distance (200 km) Ku-band LOS wireless link. We calculate C/N ratio of the system and compare it with the required C/N ratio, using the CCIR reports which contain calculation of free space loss for different geography and weather, respectively. It turns out that, in 4 mm/h rainy day of summer on the Korean Peninsula, in order to maintain percent reliability 90% and BER 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> together, link budget of uplink of the system has a lot of margin at 200 km, and link budget of downlink using the block turbo code is enough for distance 200 km. At the end, we calculate the overall C/N ratio which follows the lower one, the downlink C/N ratio which is much lower than uplink C/N ratio
Cloning and Targeted Disruption of <i>MLG1</i> , a Gene Encoding Two of Three Extracellular Mixed-Linked Glucanases of <i>Cochliobolus carbonum</i> (1998)

Mixed-linked glucanases (MLGases), which are extracellular enzymes able to hydrolyze beta 1,3-1,4-glucans (also known as mixed-linked glucans or cereal beta-glucans), were identified in culture filtrates of the plant-pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus carbonum. Three peaks of MLGase activity, designated Mlg1a, Mlg1b, and Mlg2, were resolved by cation-exchange and hydrophobic-interaction high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mlg1a and Mlg1b also hydrolyze beta 1,3-glucan (laminarin), whereas Mlg2 does not degrade beta 1,3-glucan but does degrade beta 1,4-glucan to a slight extent. Mlg1a, Mlg1b, and Mlg2 have monomer molecular masses of 33.5, 31, and 29.5 kDa, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of Mlg1a and Mlg1b are identical (AAYNLI). Mlg1a is glycosylated, whereas Mlg1b is not. The gene encoding Mlg1b, MLG1, was isolated by using PCR primers based on amino acid sequences of Mlg1b. The product of MLG1 has no close similarity to any known protein but does contain a motif (EIDI) that occurs at the active site of MLGases from several prokaryotes. An internal fragment of MLG1 was used to create mlg1 mutants by transformation-mediated gene disruption. The total MLGase and beta 1,3-glucanase activities in culture filtrates of the mutants were reduced by approximately 50 and 40%, respectively. When analyzed by cation-exchange HPLC, the mutants were missing the two peaks of MLGase activity corresponding to Mlg1a and Mlg1b. Together, the data indicate that Mlg1a and Mlg1b are products of the same gene, MLG1. The growth of mlg1 mutants in culture medium supplemented with macerated maize cell walls or maize bran and the disease symptoms on maize were identical to the growth and disease symptoms of the wild type.
The insulin receptor as a universal marker of activated lymphocytes (1978)

Abstract Although resting, rat thymus‐derived spleen lymphocytes do not bear insulin receptors, these receptors emerge upon the membrane of alloimmune rat T cells subsequent to skin grafting. These studies examine conditions that permit the emergence of lymphocyte insulin receptors upon T or B‐enriched rat lymphocyte populations. Allogeneic stimulation was accomplished in vivo by skin grafting from (Lewis × Brown Norway)F 1 (LBN) to Lewis male rats or by Graft‐ vs. ‐host (GVH) reaction established by intraperitoneal injections of 2 × 10 8 Lewis leukocytes each week for a total of four injections into LBN animals. In vitro allogeneic stimulation was provided by one‐way mixed lymphocyte cultures between the same strains. Lastly, both T and B‐enriched populations were interacted with mitogens concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA‐P), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The T‐enriched populations were highly enriched for T lymphocytes (90%) and macrophage‐depleted while B‐enriched populations contained nearly 85% B cells. Insulin receptors emerged upon T‐enriched cell populations consequent to allogeneic skin grafting with saturability, specificity and high affinity (k d = 1.1 nM) as well as after GVH. Responder strain lymphocytes developed an insulin receptor during allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures within 72 h of initiation. Specific insulin‐binding sites also appeared upon T‐enriched populations after culture with PHA‐P and Con A but not LPS. Conversely, B cells developed an insulin receptor after interactions with LPS but not PHA‐P or Con A. Anti‐Ig and complement but not rat anti‐T cell antibody abrogated the ability of LPS to induce an insulin receptor on B‐enriched cells. Binding specificity was demonstrated by the inhibition of [ 125 I]‐labeled insulin in the order porcine insulin ≊ desalanine insulin > proinsulin ≫ desoctapeptide insulin with growth hormone exhibiting no such inhibition. These data demonstrate that a true insulin receptor appears upon both T and B cells consequent to activation. The lymphocyte insulin receptor is a universal marker of cellular activation as it is not restricted to clone or species and may be applied to B and T lymphocytes of mouse, rat and man.
Texturing techniques for terrain visualization (2000)

Presents a new rendering technique for processing multiple multi-resolution textures of LOD (level-of-detail) terrain models and describes its application to interactive, animated terrain content design. The approach is based on a multi-resolution model for terrain texture which cooperates with a multi-resolution model for terrain geometry. For each texture layer, an image pyramid and a texture tree are constructed. Multiple texture layers can be associated with one terrain model and can be combined in different ways, e.g. by blending and masking. The rendering algorithm simultaneously traverses the multi-resolution geometry model and the multi-resolution texture model, and takes into account geometric and texture approximation errors. It uses multi-pass rendering and exploits multi-texturing to achieve real-time performance. Applications include interactive texture lenses, texture animation and topographic textures. These techniques offer an enormous potential for developing new visualization applications for presenting, exploring and manipulating spatio-temporal data.
High-Throughput RNA Isolation Technologies. New Tools for High-Resolution Gene Expression Profiling in Plant Systems (2005)

The complete genome sequences of two representative species of flowering plants, the monocot rice ( Oryza sativa ) and the eudicot Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ), provide us with a new opportunity to understand developmental and physiological events at the genome level ([Arabidopsis Genome
Development of a Small-Scale Catalytic Gas Turbine Combustor (1982)

Catalytically supported thermal combustion can provide low NOx emissions with gaseous and distillate fuels while maintaining high combustion efficiency. For stationary gas turbines, catalytic combustion may be the only emerging technology that can cost effectively meet recent federal regulations for NOx emissions. Under EPA sponsorship, a small-scale, catalytic gas turbine combustor was developed to evaluate transient and steady state combustor performance. The combustor consisted of a multiple air-atomizing fuel injector, an opposed jet igniter, and a graded-cell monolithic reactor. System startup, including opposed jet ignition and catalyst stabilization, was achieved in 250 seconds. This time interval is comparable to conventional gas turbines. Steady state operation was performed at 0.505 MPa (5 atmospheres) pressure and 15.3 m/s (50 ft/s) reference velocities. Thermal NOx emissions were measured below 10 ppmv, while fuel NOx conversion ranged from 75 to 95 percent. At catalyst bed temperatures greater than 1422K (2100°F), total CO and UHC emissions were less than 50 ppmv indicating combustion efficiency greater than 99.9 percent. Compared with conventional gas turbine combustors, the catalytic reactor operates only within a relatively narrow range of fuel/air ratios. As a result, modified combustor air distribution or fuel staging will be required to achieve the wide turndown required in large stationary systems.
Deep autoencoder neural networks for gene ontology annotation predictions (2014)

The annotation of genomic information is a major challenge in biology and bioinformatics. Existing databases of known gene functions are incomplete and prone to errors, and the bimolecular experiments needed to improve these databases are slow and costly. While computational methods are not a substitute for experimental verification, they can help in two ways: algorithms can aid in the curation of gene annotations by automatically suggesting inaccuracies, and they can predict previously-unidentified gene functions, accelerating the rate of gene function discovery. In this work, we develop an algorithm that achieves both goals using deep autoencoder neural networks. With experiments on gene annotation data from the Gene Ontology project, we show that deep autoencoder networks achieve better performance than other standard machine learning methods, including the popular truncated singular value decomposition.
A distributed approach to the integration of electric vehicles into future smart grids (2012)

For a large-scale introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) intelligent charging strategies are needed to adjust their energy demand to the production of renewable energy and the current load in the distribution grids. This paper presents an approach that puts the intelligence needed into the EVs, where most of the crucial information arise, thus minimizing the need of communication throughout the grid. The EVs shall be enabled to decide on a charging strategy using an optimization algorithm which creates a charging schedule based on the charging point's and the EV's capabilities, user input, battery degradation and a variable tariff for electricity. This algorithm has been implemented in a control device called the mobile Smart Meter (mSM), which is embedded in the EV, enabling it to handle the necessary communication and to create and monitor an optimized charging strategy. The results of a small-scale field trial shown in this paper delivered the proof of concept of the developed system.
<i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> . A New Model System for Functional Genomics in Grasses (2001)

A new model for grass functional genomics is described based on Brachypodium distachyon, which in the evolution of the Pooideae diverged just prior to the clade of "core pooid" genera that contain the majority of important temperate cereals and forage grasses. Diploid ecotypes of B. distachyon (2n = 10) have five easily distinguishable chromosomes that display high levels of chiasma formation at meiosis. The B. distachyon nuclear genome was indistinguishable in size from that of Arabidopsis, making it the simplest genome described in grasses to date. B. distachyon is a self-fertile, inbreeding annual with a life cycle of less than 4 months. These features, coupled with its small size (approximately 20 cm at maturity), lack of seed-head shatter, and undemanding growth requirements should make it amenable to high-throughput genetics and mutant screens. Immature embryos exhibited a high capacity for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis. Regenerated plants display very low levels of albinism and have normal fertility. A simple transformation system has been developed based on microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic callus and hygromycin selection. Selected B. distachyon ecotypes were resistant to all tested cereal-adapted Blumeria graminis species and cereal brown rusts (Puccinia reconditia). In contrast, different ecotypes displayed resistance or disease symptoms following challenge with the rice blast pathogen (Magnaporthe grisea) and wheat/barley yellow stripe rusts (Puccinia striformis). Despite its small stature, B. distachyon has large seeds that should prove useful for studies on grain filling. Such biological characteristics represent important traits for study in temperate cereals.
A metadata‐based access control model for web services (2005)

Purpose Provide a secure solution for web services (WS). A new interoperable and distributed access control for WS is presented. Design/methodology/approach Based on the separation of the access control (AC) and authorization function. Findings Mechanisms presented allow seamless integration of external authorization entities in the AC system. The Semantic Policy Language (SPL) developed facilitates specification of policies and semantic policy validation. SPL specifications are modular and can be composed without ambiguity. Also addressed was the problem of the association of policies to resources (WS or their operations) in a dynamic, flexible and automated way. Research limitations/implications The ACProxy component is currently under development. Ongoing work is focused on achieving a richer “use control” for some types of WS. Practical implications Administrators of WS can specify AC policies and validate them to find syntactic and semantic errors. Components for automated validation of policies at different levels are included. This ensures that the AC policies produce the desired effects, facilitating the creation and maintenance of policies. It also provides mechanisms for the use of interoperable authorizations. Originality/value A practical system that provides a secure solution to AC for WS. To the best of one's knowledge, no other system provides mechanisms for semantic validation of policies based on external authorization entities. Likewise, the mechanisms for interoperability of external authorization entities are also novel. The system provides content‐based access control and a secure, decentralized and dynamic solution for authorization that facilitates the management of complex systems and enhances the overall security of the AC.
Fast, automatic character animation pipelines (2013)

ABSTRACT Humanoid three‐dimensional (3D) models can be easily acquired through various sources, including through online marketplaces. The use of such models within a game or simulation environment requires human input and intervention in order to associate such a model with a relevant set of motions and control mechanisms. In this paper, we demonstrate a pipeline where humanoid 3D models can be incorporated within seconds into an animation system and infused with a wide range of capabilities, such as locomotion, object manipulation, gazing, speech synthesis and lip syncing. We offer a set of heuristics that can associate arbitrary joint names with canonical ones and describe a fast retargeting algorithm that enables us to instill a set of behaviors onto an arbitrary humanoid skeleton on‐the‐fly. We believe that such a system will vastly increase the use of 3D interactive characters due to the ease that new models can be animated.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Skipping of Constitutive Exons in Vivo Induced by Nonsense Mutations (1993)

Nonsense mutations create a premature signal for the termination of translation of messenger RNA. Such mutations have been observed to cause a severe reduction in the amount of mutant allele transcript or to generate a peptide truncated at the carboxyl end. Analysis of fibrillin transcript from a patient with Marfan syndrome revealed the skipping of a constitutive exon containing a nonsense mutation. Similar results were observed for two nonsense mutations in the gene encoding ornithine delta-aminotransferase from patients with gyrate atrophy. All genomic DNA sequences flanking these exons that are known to influence RNA splicing were unaltered, which suggests that nonsense mutations can alter splice site selection in vivo.
Can You Infect Me Now? A Treatise on the Propagation of Malware in a Cellular Phone Network (2007)

The prolific spread of mobile phones through all corners of the\nglobe has only been matched by their rapid increase in computing power. As\ncellular phones become further integrated into the fabric of everyday life,\ntheir value to attackers will rise accordingly. As a result, the widespread\ndebilitating outbreak of self-propagating malware in the cell phone environment\nis a matter of "when", rather than "if." Although self-propagating malware is\nwell understood in the Internet, mobile phone networks have very different\ncharacteristics in terms of topologies, services, provisioning and capacity,\ndevices, and communication patterns. To understand the propagation of malware\nin this new environment, we have developed an event-driver simulator that\ncaptures the characteristics and constraints of mobile phone networks. Key\nelements of the simulator are a network topology generator (RACoON), which\ncreates realistic topologies and provisioned capacities of the network\ninfrastructure, and a social network topology generator, which models address\nbooks and the resulting contact graph that would be used by propagating\nmalware. Using the simulator, we evaluate the speed and severity of\nrandom-contact worms in mobile phone networks, characterize the\ndenial-of-service effects such worms would have on the network, investigate\ntechniques that malware writers could use to accelerate the rate of infection,\nand, finally, explore various methods network operators could take to defend\nagainst such attacks.Pre-2018 CSE ID: CS2007-0894