gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Verbal autopsy (2006)

Cause-of-death data derived from verbal autopsy (VA) are increasingly used for health planning, priority setting, monitoring and evaluation in countries with incomplete or no vital registration systems. In some regions of the world it is the only method available to obtain estimates on the distribution of causes of death. Currently, the VA method is routinely used at over 35 sites, mainly in Africa and Asia. In this paper, we present an overview of the VA process and the results of a review of VA tools and operating procedures used at demographic surveillance sites and sample vital registration systems. We asked for information from 36 field sites about field-operating procedures and reviewed 18 verbal autopsy questionnaires and 10 cause-of-death lists used in 13 countries. The format and content of VA questionnaires, field-operating procedures, cause-of-death lists and the procedures to derive causes of death from VA process varied substantially among sites. We discuss the consequences of using varied methods and conclude that the VA tools and procedures must be standardized and reliable in order to make accurate national and international comparisons of VA data. We also highlight further steps needed in the development of a standard VA process.
An Economist's Analysis of a Vertical Acquisition: The Inland-Ryerson Merger (1970)

U.S. 271 (1964). (The dissenting opinion suggested that the case had been forced into a "horizontal" posture when it was really vertical in character.)During World War I, Cleveland Metal Products was a manufacturer of enameled steel cooking utensils.It desired to use aluminum in the manufacture of such utensils and therefore erected a sheet mill.In 1918 Aluminum Company acquired that sheet mill, and the Federal Trade Commission subsequently found that acquisition to constitute a violation of 7 of the Clayton Act because the defendant was also a roller of sheet.Aluminum Co. v. F.T.C., 3 F.T.
Influence of bacterial vaginosis on conception and miscarriage in the first trimester: cohort study (1999)

Bacterial vaginosis does not affect conception but is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage in the first trimester in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation, independent of other risk factors.
Partial deletion of beta-globin gene DNA in certain patients with beta 0-thalassemia. (1979)

We have used restriction endonuclease mapping of cell DNA to investigate the structure of the beta-globin gene in beta-thalassemias. Among 17 individuals with beta +- and beta 0-thalassemia, we observed three patients of Indian origin with beta 0-thalassemia whose DNA revealed a consistent mapping abnormality. In one beta allele in each diploid cell, 0.6 kilobase of DNA was deleted from beta-specific Pst I and Bgl II restriction fragments. This deletion involved 3' beta-globin gene sequences and eliminated the EcoRI site normally present at codons 121/122, but it did not extend to the BamHI site at codons 98--100 on the 5' side of the 0.90-kilobase intervening sequence normally present in beta-globin genes. Partial beta-globin gene deletion appears, therefore, to be a primary molecular defect seen in certain patients with beta 0-thalassemia.
Mucosal Priming of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses in Rhesus Macaques by the<i>Salmonella</i>Type III Secretion Antigen Delivery System (2003)

Nearly all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are acquired mucosally, and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues are important sites for early virus replication. Thus, vaccine strategies designed to prime virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses that home to mucosal compartments may be particularly effective at preventing or containing HIV infection. The Salmonella type III secretion system has been shown to be an effective approach for stimulating mucosal CTL responses in mice. We therefore tested DeltaphoP-phoQ attenuated strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. enterica serovar Typhi expressing fragments of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag protein fused to the type III-secreted SopE protein for the ability to prime virus-specific CTL responses in rhesus macaques. Mamu-A*01(+) macaques were inoculated with three oral doses of recombinant Salmonella, followed by a peripheral boost with modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing SIV Gag (MVA Gag). Transient low-level CTL responses to the Mamu-A*01 Gag(181-189) epitope were detected following each dose of Salmonella. After boosting with MVA Gag, strong Gag-specific CTL responses were consistently detected, and tetramer staining revealed the expansion of Gag(181-189)-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in peripheral blood. A significant percentage of the Gag(181-189)-specific T-cell population in each animal also expressed the intestinal homing receptor alpha4beta7. Additionally, Gag(181-189)-specific CD8(+) T cells were detected in lymphocytes isolated from the colon. Yet, despite these responses, Salmonella-primed/MVA-boosted animals did not exhibit improved control of virus replication following a rectal challenge with SIVmac239. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates the potential of mucosal priming by the Salmonella type III secretion system to direct SIV-specific cellular immune responses to the gastrointestinal mucosa in a primate model.
An ODA-like Multimedia Document System (1996)

A multimedia document is composed of different media objects. ISO's Open Document Architecture (ODA) proposes a standard multimedia document model. However, the current ODA profile only includes static media, e.g. text, geometric graphics and images. Because the future multimedia documents not only include static media but also continuous media, e.g. video and audio, continuous media document parts should be added to have a complete multimedia document model. In this paper, we propose a multimedia document model, which is derived from ODA's concept. The proposed model is based on the object-oriented approach. Objects in the proposed document model are divided into two types: data objects and pseudo objects. Data objects are data structures of a document; pseudo objects are used to manage data objects. Based on the proposed model, a multimedia document authoring and presenting system (MMDS) is also developed on SUN SPARC workstations using the Solaris 2.X operating system
The role of miR-29a in HIV-1 replication and latency (2017)

The development of an effective HIV-1 eradication strategy relies upon a clear understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in HIV-1 latency. Among such cellular processes, microRNA activities affect HIV-1 production by regulating viral transcripts as well as host cell HIV-1 dependency factors. miR-29a stands apart from other relevant microRNAs as a potential therapeutic target in HIV-1 eradication. <i>In vitro</i> experiments have shown that miR-29a binds to a sequence in the 3'UTR of viral transcripts and inhibits their expression. <i>In vivo</i> data revealed the existence of a cytokine-microRNA (i.e. IL-21/miR-29a) pathway that significantly impacts HIV-1 replication. Here we present and discuss evidence supporting the role of miR-29a in HIV-1 replication and latency. We also discuss potential clinical applications of miR-29a inhibitors and enhancers in HIV-1 eradication strategies.
The B-cell receptor of a hepatitis C virus (HCV)–associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma binds the viral E2 envelope protein, implicating HCV in lymphomagenesis (2001)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with extrahepatic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. To determine whether a viral antigen drives this B-cell expansion, the B-cell receptors were cloned from HCV-associated lymphomas and were expressed as soluble immunoglobulins. The rescued immunoglobulins were then tested for their ability to bind the HCV-E2 envelope glycoprotein, an antigen that was previously implicated in the pathogenesis of HCV-associated B-cell diseases. One of 2 lymphoma immunoglobulin test cases bound the E2 protein in a manner identical to a bona fide human anti-E2 antibody. Moreover, it bound E2 from multiple viral genotypes, suggesting reactivity with a conserved E2 epitope. These findings support the hypothesis that some HCV-associated lymphomas originate from B cells that were initially activated by the HCV-E2 protein and might explain the association between HCV infection and some B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
Cloning of Porcine<i>NRAMP1</i>and Its Induction by Lipopolysaccharide, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, and Interleukin-1β: Role of CD14 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (2000)

The gene for natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) plays a dominant role in controlling the resistance of inbred mice to infection with intracellular bacteria, such as Mycobacteria, Salmonella, and Leishmania. NRAMP1 is a membrane protein with a consensus transport motif present in one of the intracellular loops. Although its functions remain unclear, recent clues suggest that NRAMP1 protein plays a potential role in ion transport, which presumably accounts for the ability of this single protein to regulate the intraphagosomal replication of several species of antigenically unrelated intracellular pathogens. Expression of NRAMP1 in mice can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or bacterial infection; however, little is known about the mechanisms of induction. Here, we report the cloning of the full-length cDNA for porcine NRAMP1, which had over 85% identity in amino acid sequence to its congeners from humans, mice, cattle, and sheep. As for its mammalian congeners, expression of porcine NRAMP1 mRNA was cell and tissue specific and was highest in macrophages. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms by which NRAMP1 is induced showed that LPS-induced expression in macrophages, neutrophils, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells was time and dose dependent and was mediated primarily through CD14. Induction of NRAMP1 required de novo protein synthesis, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) were essential. Blockage of either p38 or p42/44 MAPK pathways suppressed the expression of NRAMP1 to basal levels. These findings suggest that bacterial infection and proinflammatory mediators induce NRAMP1 expression via activation of MAPK pathways.
Estimation of lipid and water concentrations in scattering media with diffuse optical spectroscopy from 900 to 1600 nm (2010)

We demonstrate a method to estimate the concentrations of water and lipid in scattering media such as biological tissues with diffuse optical spectra acquired over the range of 900 to 1600 nm. Estimations were performed by fitting the spectra to a model of light propagation in scattering media derived from diffusion theory. To validate the method, spectra were acquired from tissue phantoms consisting of lipid and water emulsions and swine tissues ex vivo with a two-fiber probe.
Developing compact autoregressive characterisations of terrain topology profiles (2012)

Terrain is the principal source of vertical excitation into the vehicle system, but it is impractical to simulate long distances of every terrain type. A terrain characterisation method is developed for grouping terrain into sets with similar characteristics. Profiles are considered realisations of a stochastic process, described by an autoregressive (AR) model and characterised by the AR coefficients and a single cumulative probability function for the residual process. A set of basis vectors is developed onto which the inverse cumulative probability function (ICPF) of the residual process is mapped. The ICPF is estimated with a small number of basis vectors. The AR and ICPF coefficients of the residual process are jointly dependent on the underlying terrain profiles, so additional basis vectors that map these dependent coefficients onto a reduced set of coefficients are developed. It is shown that six coefficients are required to characterise US highways.
Combined pilot multipath noise cancellation and partial decorrelation for coherent multicode CDMA receivers (2002)

To receive high-speed data using the IS-95B CDMA standard, mobile receivers simultaneously demodulate multiple CDMA channels. We propose a two-tier approach to combating multipath noise and improving the performance in such systems: pilot multipath noise cancellation (MNC) reconstructs the pilot multipath noise and removes it from each finger of each RAKE receiver, and partial decorrelation (PD) accounts for multicode multipath noise using a linear transformation at the output of the bank of RAKE receivers. For an L=3 multipath/finger multicode receiver demodulating a quarter of the total downlink channels, the MNC-PD detector provides a 9% increase in downlink capacity compared to a conventional detector.
Optimization of laser scribing for thin-film photovoltaics (1996)

In this paper, the authors report on studies of four different lasers for the scribing of thin-film photovoltaic materials including CdTe, CIS, SnO/sub 2/, ZnO, and Mo. They have used cw-lamp-pumped and flashlamp-pumped Nd:YAG lasers (/spl lambda/=532/1064 nm), a copper-vapor laser (511/578 nm), and an XeCl-excimer laser (308 nm), with pulse durations ranging from 180 nsec down to 8 nsec. The purpose of this work is to identify the effects of laser wavelength and laser pulse duration on the most effective energy utilization and on the quality of the scribe line. Ablation spots and scribe lines were examined by optical microscopy and stylus profilometry. The ablation threshold has been identified for the combinations of four lasers and five materials. The energy density for optimum removal of material has been identified for two of the laser systems (three wavelengths).
Hydroxyapatite coating of hip prostheses. Effect on migration into the femur (1992)

We studied two groups of femoral hip prostheses: 43 TiAlV ridged press-fit stems, and 26 with similar stems coated with hydroxyapatite on the proximal half. At one year, radiological measurement showed a mean downward migration of 0.99 mm for the TialV prostheses and 0.12 mm for the HA-coated prostheses (p = 0.0002). Hydroxyapatite coating appeared to provide effective bio-active supplementary fixation.
A method for the collection of human apocrine sweat (1970)

The standard method for collecting human apocrine sweat as described by Hurley and Shelley<sup>1</sup>employs the principle of capillary attraction. In obtaining significant quantities of apocrine sweat for chemical studies, we found the capillary tube method somewhat tedious in that the droplets were so small as to make their containment difficult. This note describes a simple modification of the capillary tube method that allows for quicker, more complete, and less tedious collection. Our method uses vacuum suction to fill the capillary tube rather than capillary attraction. Figures 1 and 2 depict the apparatus. A capillary tube of 0.8 mm internal diameter is bent at right angles for the collection of the sweat droplets. This tube is inserted through an airtight rubber stopper and held in a small cup with a tapered bottom. The cup is attached by 0.025 inch inside diameter plastic tubing to a vacuum pump. In practice,
A Comparative Study of Parking Occupancy Prediction Methods considering Parking Type and Parking Scale (2020)

Parking issues have been receiving increasing attention. An accurate parking occupancy prediction is considered to be a key prerequisite to optimally manage limited parking resources. However, parking prediction research that focuses on estimating the occupancy for various parking lots, which is critical to the coordination management of multiple parks (e.g., district-scale or city-scale), is relatively limited. This study aims to analyse the performance of different prediction methods with regard to parking occupancy, considering parking type and parking scale. Two forecasting methods, FM1 and FM2, and four predicting models, linear regression (LR), support vector machine (SVR), backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), were proposed to build models that can predict the parking occupancy of different parking lots. To compare the predictive performances of these models, real-world data of four parks in Shenzhen, Shanghai, and Dongguan were collected over 8 weeks to estimate the correlation between the parking lot attributes and forecast results. As per the case studies, among the four models considered, SVM offers stable and accurate prediction performance for almost all types and scales of parking lots. For commercial, mixed functional, and large-scale parking lots, FM1 with SVM made the best prediction. For office and medium-scale parking lots, FM2 with SVM made the best prediction.
Chemical synthesis and evaluation of a backbone‐cyclized minimized 2‐helix Z‐domain (2011)

The Z-molecule is a small, engineered IgG-binding affinity protein derived from the immunoglobulin-binding domain B of Staphylococcus aureus protein A. The Z-domain consists of 58 amino acids forming a well-defined antiparallel three-helix structure. Two of the three helices are involved in ligand binding, whereas the third helix provides structural support to the three-helix bundle. The small size and the stable three-helix structure are two attractive properties comprised in the Z-domain, but a further reduction in size of the protein is valuable for several reasons. Reduction in size facilitates synthetic production of any protein-based molecule, which is beneficial from an economical viewpoint. In addition, a smaller protein is easier to manipulate through chemical modifications. By omitting the third stabilizing helix from the Z-domain and joining the N- and C-termini by a native peptide bond, the affinity protein obtains the advantageous properties of a smaller scaffold and in addition becomes resistant to exoproteases. We here demonstrate the synthesis and evaluation of a novel cyclic two-helix Z-domain. The molecule has retained affinity for its target protein, is resistant to heat treatment, and lacks both N- and C-termini.
Uterine Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in an Estrogen- and Progesterone-“Resistant” Primate* (1984)

The squirrel monkey, a New World primate, has elevated plasma estradiol and progesterone concentrations compared to those in the cynomolgus macaque, an Old World primate. We previously reported that uterine progesterone receptor concentrations examined in ovariectomized squirrel monkeys 2 days after estrogen treatment were about one eighth those in identically treated cynomolgus macaques. To examine this in greater detail, we gave estradiol (10 µg/kgday) to ovariectomized squirrel and cynomolgus monkeys for various lengths of time (0,2,4,7, and 14 days), followed by measurement of uterine estrogen and progesterone receptors and assessment of endometrial histology (including glycogen and peroxidase stains), vaginal histology, and cytology. Endometrial and vaginal mor morphologies showed adequate estrogen effects, as did glycogen and peroxidase stains. Two days of treatment were sufficient to induce both estrogen and progesterone receptors to maximalbinding of [3H]moxestrol and [3H]R5020, respectively, in both species. Squirrel monkeys had about one third and one eighth the estrogen and progesterone uterine receptor concentrations, respectively, of cynomolgus monkeys. Receptor affinities in both species were similar.Neither [3H] moxestrol nor [3H]R5020 boundtouterine cytosols from untreated monkeys. We conclude that the increased plasma concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in the squirrel monkey compensate for the decreased estrogen and progesterone receptors in this species.
Continuous-frequency measurements of high-intensity microwave electric fields with atomic vapor cells (2017)

We demonstrate continuous-frequency electric field measurements of high-intensity microwaves via optical spectroscopy in a small atomic vapor cell. The spectroscopic response of a room-temperature rubidium atomic vapor in a glass cell is investigated and employed for absolute measurements of Ka-band microwave electric fields from ∼200 V/m to &gt;1 kV/m over a continuous frequency range of ±1 GHz (15% band coverage). It is established that in strong microwave fields, frequency-specific spectral features allow for electric field measurements over a large continuous frequency range.
Cancer Prevention by Phytochemicals (2005)

Information has been accumulated indicating that diets rich in vegetables and fruits can reduce the risk of a number of chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and age-related macular degeneration. Phytochemicals (various factors in plant foods), such as carotenoids, antioxidative vitamins, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, steroids, indoles and fibers, have been considered responsible for the risk reduction. Among them, a mixture of natural carotenoids has been studied extensively and proven to show beneficial effects on human cancer prevention.
Family Support in Advanced Cancer (2001)

Changes in the health care system have resulted in a shift of cancer care from the in-patient arena to ambulatory and home settings. This shift has likewise translated into increased family involvement in the day-to-day care of the person with cancer. Cancer patients have multifaceted needs, including disease and treatment monitoring, symptom management, medication administration, emotional support, assistance with personal care, and assistance with instrument care. Family caregivers may be ill prepared to assume these tasks, requiring information on the disease and treatment, as well as instruction in technical and care skills. Moreover, caregiving must be balanced against already established roles and role responsibilities. In addition, family caregivers have their own emotional responses to the patients' diagnosis and prognosis, and may require coaching and emotional support themselves. The health care system can facilitate positive outcomes by embracing the family caregiver as a partner in the health care team, providing instruction and guidance to the caregiver as he/she assumes this role, and evaluating the home care situation. Research to date has only scratched the surface of testing interventions that meet the needs of the cancer caregiver. A research agenda is proposed to more fully elucidate the cancer caregiver's experience throughout the illness and treatment trajectory, and identify the means to effecting positive outcomes for the person with cancer, their family caregiver, and the health care system.
Iridium-Catalyzed (<i>Z</i>)-Trialkylsilylation of Terminal Olefins (2010)

A complex of commercial [Ir(OMe)(cod)](2) and 4,4-di-tert-butyl-2,2-bipyridine (dtbpy) catalyzes the Z-selective, dehydrative silylation of terminal alkenes, but not 1,2-disubstituted alkenes, with triethylsilane or benzyldimethylsilane in THF at 40 degrees C. Yields and Z-stereoselectivity were significantly improved by 2-norbornene, in contrast with other sacrificial alkenes. The reaction is compatible with many functional groups including epoxides, ketones, amides, alcohols, esters, halides, ketals, and silanes. alpha,beta-Unsaturated esters were unreactive. The reaction probably proceeds through a Heck-type mechanism.