gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-consistent modelling of helium discharges: investigation of the role of He<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>ions (2001)

Helium glow discharges in the p = 6-60 mbar pressure range have been investigated experimentally and by means of a one-dimensional self-consistent hybrid model. Unlike most of the hybrid models developed previously for noble gas discharges, our model also includes He2+ molecular ions. The electrical parameters of the discharges, recorded in the experiments, as well as the electron temperature for the different discharge conditions (determined spectroscopically) have been used as input data for the hybrid model. Our studies show that He2+ ions are present in the discharge even at 6 mbar with a concentration comparable to that of He+ ions. Conversion of atomic to molecular ions and the associative ionization process are identified as main sources of molecular ions. At low pressures the He2+ ions are principally lost at the electrodes, while at higher pressures the recombination processes become their dominant losses. As the rates of recombination processes are strongly pressure-dependent, the optical emission spectrum changes with increasing pressure and shows significant intensity of He2 molecular bands. The contribution of He2+ ions to the ion current at the cathode as well as their contribution to maintenance of the discharge is found to be around 10%, even at the lowest pressure of 6 mbar, where He2+ formation in most of the discharge models is neglected.
Metabolic Discrimination of Select List Agents by Monitoring Cellular Responses in a Multianalyte Microphysiometer (2009)

Harnessing the potential of cells as complex biosensors promises the potential to create sensitive and selective detectors for discrimination of biodefense agents. Here we present toxin detection and suggest discrimination using cells in a multianalyte microphysiometer (MMP) that is capable of simultaneously measuring flux changes in four extracellular analytes (acidification rate, glucose uptake, oxygen uptake, and lactate production) in real-time. Differential short-term cellular responses were observed between botulinum neurotoxin A and ricin toxin with neuroblastoma cells, alamethicin and anthrax protective antigen with RAW macrophages, and cholera toxin, muscarine, 2,4-dinitro-phenol, and NaF with CHO cells. These results and the post exposure dynamics and metabolic recovery observed in each case suggest the usefulness of cell-based detectors to discriminate between specific analytes and classes of compounds in a complex matrix, and furthermore to make metabolic inferences on the cellular effects of the agents. This may be particularly valuable for classifying unknown toxins.
Oral tolerance in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. III. Evidence for clonal anergy (1991)

We have recently reported that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be suppressed by the oral administration of myelin basic protein (MBP). The oral introduction of 20 mg MBP together with a trypsin inhibitor results in inhibition of EAE clinical signs, decreased CNS histopathologic changes and dramatically reduced MBP-specific proliferative responses in fed and challenged Lewis rats. In the present study, we have investigated the mechanism underlying MBP-induced oral tolerance in EAE. Neither lymphoid cells (lymph node cells, spleen cells, Peyer's patch lymphocytes, thymocytes) nor humoral elements derived from tolerant donors were capable of transferring the tolerance to naive recipients. Moreover, lymphoid cells obtained from orally tolerant donors exhibited a marked decrease in their capacity to transfer EAE to naive recipient rats, even after in vitro activation with MBP or Con A. We observed that EAE could be readily transferred into orally tolerant rats using MBP-specific encephalitogenic T cell lines. In vitro cell mixing studies showed that the proliferation of lymphocytes from MBP-sensitized donors was not inhibited by the addition of lymphoid cells from tolerant donors, arguing against the role of a suppressor cell. Investigation of MBP-stimulated lymphokine production showed that both IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels were substantially decreased in spleen and lymph node cell cultures from MBP-fed rats compared to vehicle-fed control animals. Furthermore, limiting dilution analyses revealed that MBP-fed rats exhibited a profound decrease in MBP-reactive, IL-2-secreting lymphocytes relative to control animals. Thus, because lymphocytes from MBP-fed rats neither proliferate nor secrete IL-2 or IFN-gamma in response to MBP and we can find no compelling evidence for the role of suppressor cells, we propose that the oral administration of MBP results in a state of clonal anergy.
Preliminary design and development of industrial inspection e-monitoring system (2010)

This paper discusses on the initial design and development of industrial inspection e-monitoring system (IIEMS). IIEMS is an intelligent web-based system that monitors defect occurs in the production line. The defect is collected from targeted machines, which are considered as the most critical one. By setting all the related parameters, defects will be logged into the system. Then, the system will send a message through email and personal data assistant (PDA) to the person in charge. An artificial neural network (ANN) will be used to classify the severity of the defect. According to the result, appropriate actions are performed. Throughout this paper, initial analysis, design and development of the system are explained. This includes the requirement analysis, logical and interface design. In the development phase, an early stage of the system development is reported. An overview of the system prototype and some observations based on the initial results are also discussed.
Known and Novel Sources of Variability in the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio in a Large Sample of Treatment-Seeking Smokers (2014)

Thus, when using NMR, for example, to prospectively guide smoking cessation therapy, these sources of variation are unlikely to cause NMR misclassification.
Design of a Disulfide-less, Pharmacologically Inert, and Chemically Competent Analog of Maurocalcine for the Efficient Transport of Impermeant Compounds into Cells (2008)

Maurocalcine is a 33-mer peptide initially isolated from the venom of a Tunisian scorpion. It has proved itself valuable as a pharmacological activator of the ryanodine receptor and has helped the understanding of the molecular basis underlying excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscles. Because of its positively charged nature, it is also an innovative vector for the cell penetration of various compounds. We report a novel maurocalcine analog with improved properties: (i) the complete loss of pharmacological activity, (ii) preservation of the potent ability to carry cargo molecules into cells, and (iii) coupling chemistries not affected by the presence of internal cysteine residues of maurocalcine. We did this by replacing the six internal cysteine residues of maurocalcine by isosteric 2-aminobutyric acid residues and by adding an additional N-terminal biotinylated lysine (for a proof of concept analog) or an N-terminal cysteine residue (for a chemically competent coupling analogue). Additional replacement of a glutamate residue by alanyl at position 12 further improves the potency of these analogues. Coupling to several cargo molecules or nanoparticles are presented to illustrate the cell penetration potency and usefulness of these pharmacologically inactive analogs.
Augmentation of endothelial cell monolayer permeability by hyperthermia but not tumor necrosis factor: Evidence for disruption of vascular integrity via VE-cadherin down-regulation (2003)

Following isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with hyperthermia (H T), TNF and melphalan, there is immediate tumor softening secondary to augmentation of capillary leak in the tumor neovasculature. TNF can induce vascular permeability but is always used with HT during ILP and the contribution of the latter on permeability is not known. This study characterizes the effects of HT and TNF on vascular permeability in vitro. Permeability across confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to HT (40 degrees C) with or without 0.1-1000 ng/ml TNF was assessed by quantitating flux of albumin bound Evan's Blue dye from the upper to lower chamber. Immunofluorescent staining for VE-cadherin and F-actin was performed after human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs) were exposed to these conditions. HT induced a significant and reversible increase in permeability compared to untreated hUVECs (p<0.001) whereas barrier function was not altered by TNF. Untreated hUVECs had uniform cell surface staining for VE-cadherin, the primary endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule, with colocalization of F-actin cytoskeletal elements. HT resulted in a marked decrease in VE-cadherin staining and contraction of F-actin at sites of endothelial cell-cell separation. These data demonstrate that under conditions relevant to those used in ILP, HT but not TNF contributes to a rapid and reversible change in endothelial cell permeability in association with a down regulation of VE-cadherin. These data support the use of HT in isolation perfusion and demonstrate a novel mechanism for alterations in microvascular permeability by HT.
In vitro synthesis of acidsoluble thymine compounds by human neoplastic tissues. (1963)

In order to develop a prognostic test of the response of human tumors to chemotherapy by fluorinated pyrimidines, the in vitro incorporation of several labeled precursors into the acid-soluble thymine compounds of human neoplastic tissues has been studied. Formate-C14 was found to be the most effective precursor of acid-soluble thymine when minces of human tumors were incubated in Eagle's medium supplemented with ATP, phosphoglycerate, glucose, deoxyuridine, and phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. Attempts have also been made to study formaldehyde-C14, l-serine-3-C14, orotic acid-6-C14, uracil-2-C14, deoxyuridine-2-C14, deoxyuridine-H3, and deoxyuridylic acid-H3 as precursors of acid-soluble thymine in human tumors. Of these, only formaldehyde-C14 and uracil-2-C14 were utilized by the tumors to a measurable extent. Formaldehyde-C14 proved no more effective than formate-C14 and was not studied further because of difficulties in purification of the thymine. Uracil-2-C14 was incorporated into acid-soluble thymine to a smaller extent than was formate-C14.

Inhibition of the in vitro synthesis of acid-soluble thymine of human tumors by 5-fluorouracil, 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine, and 3′,5′-diacetyl-5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine has been demonstrated, and considerable variation in the response of the tumors to the drugs in vitro has been observed.
S<scp>mokeless</scp> T<scp>obacco and</scp> O<scp>ral</scp> C<scp>ancer:</scp> A R<scp>eview of the</scp> R<scp>isks and</scp> D<scp>eterminants</scp> (2004)

Smokeless tobacco has been associated with oral cancer for many decades. The purpose of this article is to review research relevant to this association, including epidemiologic studies, studies of putative carcinogens such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) and other contaminants, and possible cancer inhibitors. Epidemiologic studies addressing this issue primarily consist of case-control studies. They show that the use of chewing tobacco and moist snuff is associated with very low risks for cancers of the oral cavity and related structures (relative risks [RR] from 0.6 to 1.7). The use of dry snuff is associated with higher RRs, ranging from 4 to 13, while the RRs from smokeless tobacco, unspecified as to type, are intermediate (RR = 1.5 to 2.8). With regard to TSNAs, historical levels in American moist snuff products were higher than those in their Swedish counterparts, but levels in contemporary products are uniformly low. TSNA levels in chewing tobacco have always been low, but levels in dry snuff have been higher, including some very high levels in current products. In general, smokeless tobacco users are not exposed to significant levels of cadmium, lead, benzo(a)pyrene, polonium-210, and formaldehyde, when compared with concentrations of these compounds in foods. Finally, low oral cancer risk from smokeless tobacco use may be influenced by the presence of cancer inhibitors, mainly anti-oxidants, in smokeless tobacco products.
The cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor R‐roscovitine down‐regulates Mcl‐1 to override pro‐inflammatory signalling and drive neutrophil apoptosis (2010)

Abstract Successful resolution of inflammation requires inflammatory cells such as neutrophils to undergo apoptosis prior to non‐inflammatory phagocytosis by professional phagocytes. Recently, cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors ( e.g. R‐roscovitine) have been shown to induce neutrophil apoptosis and enhance the resolution of inflammation. Interestingly, NF‐κB and MAPK pathways and key endogenous survival proteins (typified by Mcl‐1) are involved in the regulation of neutrophil apoptosis and, in cancer‐cell lines, have been implicated as possible targets of CDK inhibitors. Here, we demonstrate that R‐roscovitine over‐rides TNF‐α and LPS‐induced survival (determined by morphological examination and binding of fluorescently labelled annexin‐V) of isolated peripheral blood neutrophils. This effect did not appear to be mediated via effects on early markers of neutrophil activation ( e.g. surface marker expression, shape change, aggregation and superoxide anion generation), by direct inhibition of NF‐κB activation (assessed by cytoplasmic IκBα proteolysis and NF‐κB p65 subunit translocation) and ERK activation (determined by specific ERK phosphorylation) but due to down‐regulation (at protein and mRNA level) of the survival protein Mcl‐1 but not the pro‐apoptotic bcl‐2 homologue Bim. These findings suggest that key endogenous survival proteins may be the targets of CDK inhibitors and consequently may be of critical importance in the resolution of inflammation.
Common Antigen in Meningioma-Derived Cell Cultures (1972)

Serums of patients with intracranial meningiomas reacted in immunofluorescence assays with cell cultures and tumor imprints prepared from human meningiomas. Antibody in these serums appears to be specific for antigens in meningioma tissue and shows some cross-reactivity with neoplastic tissue of glial origin.
Properties of Ba(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Ta<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed-Laser Deposition (2003)

The dielectric properties of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 (BMT) microwave thin films synthesized by an in situ pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) process were compared with those prepared by a two-step PLD process. The onset of crystallization for the BMT films is approximately 400°C, when in situ deposited, and is approximately 550°C, when two-step processed. Dielectric measurements indicate that complete crystallization for BMT films can be achieved only by processing the films at a sufficiently high temperature, which is 600°C for an in situ PLD process and is 800°C for a two-step PLD process. The microwave dielectric properties of BMT films, which were directly measured by an evanescent microwave probe (EMP) technique at 2.65 GHz measuring frequency, increase with substrate temperature, resulting in dielectric constant K=33.3 and dissipation factor tan δ =0.0158.
Identification of the Outer Membrane Proteins of Campylobacter pyloridis and Antigenic Cross-reactivity between C. pyloridis and C. jejuni (1987)

The outer membrane and surface exposed proteins of four strains of the gastric Campylobacter-like organism Campylobacter pyloridis were identified by SDS-PAGE of Sarkosyl-insoluble membranous material and 125I-surface-labelled whole bacteria. Although constant outer membrane proteins (molecular mass 61, 54 and 31 kDa) were observed in these strains, several variable 125I-labelled surface proteins were detected. C. pyloridis does not appear to express a single surface-exposed major outer membrane protein like that of C. jejuni and C. coli. Putative flagella proteins were identified from isolated flagella and acid-extractable surface material and by immunoblotting with anti-flagella antibodies. Several major protein antigens were observed by immunoblotting with anti-C. pyloridis antisera. At least two of these antigens cross-reacted with anti-C. jejuni antiserum. This cross-reaction appears to be caused primarily by flagellar antigens. However, one major protein antigen (61 kDa) was not cross-reactive with C. jejuni and may, therefore, be useful in serological tests for the specific diagnosis of C. pyloridis infections.
Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Nickel Complexes with Hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate Ligand and Double Bridged by Phosphate Esters (2010)

The reaction between [NiTp*(μ-OH)]2 (Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) and (RO)2P(O)OH (R = Et, Bu, 4-NO2-Ph) affords the dinuclear nickel phosphates [NiTp*(μ-O2P(OR)2)]2 (R = Et (1), Bu (2), 4-NO2-Ph (3)), which have been studied by spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-vis, and (1)H NMR). In chloroform solution, those complexes exhibit isotropically shifted (1)H NMR resonances. Their molecular structures reveal that they all have an eight-membered Ni2O4P2 ring which possesses two nickel centers bridged to each other by two isobidentate phosphate ligands. Magnetic studies on 1-3 and other similar complexes (4 and 5) reveal antiferromagnetic behavior at low temperatures as well as an interesting correlation between calculated D values and the planarity of eight-membered Ni2O4P2 rings.
Multi-subregion based probabilistic approach toward pose-invariant face recognition (2004)

Current automatic facial recognition systems are not robust against changes in illumination, pose, facial expression and occlusion. In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on a probabilistic approach for face recognition to address the problem of pose change by a probabilistic approach that takes into account the pose difference between probe and gallery images. By using a large facial image database called CMU PIE database, which contains images of the same set of people taken from many different angles, we have developed a probabilistic model of how facial features change as the pose changes. This model enables us to make our face recognition system more robust to the change of poses in the probe image. The experimental results show that this approach achieves a better recognition rate than conventional face recognition methods over a much larger range of pose. For example, when the gallery contains only images of a frontal face and the probe image varies its pose orientation, the recognition rate remains within a less than 10% difference until the probe pose begins to differ more than 45 degrees, whereas the recognition rate of a PCA-based method begins to drop at a difference as small as 10 degrees, and a representative commercial system at 30 degrees.
Osteomyelitis prevention in rabbits using antimicrobial peptide hLF1-11- or gentamicin-containing calcium phosphate cement (2004)

Local prophylaxis with hLF1-11 effectively reduced development of osteomyelitis in a rabbit model, but gentamicin resulted in a larger number of sterile femora.
High-speed X-ray phase imaging and X-ray phase tomography with Talbot interferometer and white synchrotron radiation (2009)

X-ray Talbot interferometry, which uses two transmission gratings, has the advantage that broad energy bandwidth x-rays can be used. We demonstrate the use of white synchrotron radiation for high-speed X-ray phase imaging and tomography in combination with an X-ray Talbot interferometer. The moiré fringe visibility over 20% was attained, enabling quantitative phase measurement. X-ray phase images with a frame rate of 500 f/s and an X-ray phase tomogram with a scan time of 0.5 s were obtained successfully. This result suggests a breakthrough for time-resolved three-dimensional observation of objects that weakly absorb X-rays, such as soft material and biological objects.
Lithium Ion‐Conducting Glass–Ceramics of Li <sub>1.5</sub> Al <sub>0.5</sub> Ge <sub>1.5</sub> (PO <sub>4</sub> ) <sub>3</sub> – <i>x</i> Li <sub>2</sub> O ( <i>x</i> =0.0–0.20) with Good Electrical and Electrochemical Properties (2007)

NASICON‐type structured Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 – x Li 2 O Li‐ion‐conducting glass–ceramics were successfully prepared from as‐prepared glasses. The differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, and field emission scanning electron microscope results reveal that the excess Li 2 O is not only incorporated into the crystal lattice of the NASICON‐type structure but also exists as a secondary phase and acts as a nucleating agent to considerably promote the crystallization of the as‐prepared glasses during heat treatment, leading to an improvement in the connection between the glass–ceramic grains and hence a dense microstructure with a uniform grain size. These beneficial effects enhance both the bulk and total ionic conductivities at room temperature, which reach 1.18 × 10 −3 and 7.25 × 10 −4 S/cm, respectively. In addition, the Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 –0.05Li 2 O glass–ceramics display favorable electrochemical stability against lithium metal with an electrochemical window of about 6 V. The high ionic conductivity, good electrochemical stability, and wide electrochemical window of LAGP–0.05LO glass–ceramics suggest that they are promising solid‐state electrolytes for all solid‐state lithium batteries with high power density.
How ethanol production technology impacts DDGS value in animal nutrition (2014)

Cytoskeleton proteins are filament structures that support a large number of important biological processes. These dynamic biopolymers exist in nonequilibrium conditions stimulated by hydrolysis chemical reactions in their monomers. Current theoretical methods provide a comprehensive picture of biochemical and biophysical processes in cytoskeleton proteins. However, the description is only qualitative under biologically relevant conditions because utilized theoretical mean-field models neglect correlations. We develop a new theoretical method to describe dynamic processes in cytoskeleton proteins that takes into account spatial correlations in the chemical composition of these biopolymers. Our approach is based on analysis of probabilities of different clusters of subunits. It allows us to obtain exact analytical expressions for a variety of dynamic properties of cytoskeleton filaments. By comparing theoretical predictions with Monte Carlo computer simulations, it is shown that our method provides a fully quantitative description of complex dynamic phenomena in cytoskeleton proteins under all conditions.
Investigation of optical proximity correction (OPC) and non-uniformities on the performance of resistivity and linewidth measurements (2003)

The effect of optical proximity correction (OPC) on test structures is examined using DEPICT for the lithography simulation and MEDICI for the electrical calculations. It is concluded that OPC can be successfully used to reduce line shortening due to the voltage taps without causing necking effects on the track being measured. The effect of asymmetries (which may be introduced as a result of OPC) on the measurement of Greek crosses are also addressed and methods of accurately extracting sheet resistance from structures exhibiting these effects are discussed.
An Exact Two-Dimensional Non-Guillotine Cutting Tree Search Procedure (1985)

We consider the two-dimensional cutting problem of cutting a number of rectangular pieces from a single large rectangle so as to maximize the value of the pieces cut. We develop a Lagrangean relaxation of a zero-one integer programming formulation of the problem and use it as a bound in a tree search procedure. Subgradient optimization is used to optimize the bound derived from the Lagrangean relaxation. Problem reduction tests derived from both the original problem and the Lagrangean relaxation are given. Incorporating the bound and the reduction tests into a tree search procedure enables moderately sized problems to be solved.