gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The New MPEG-4/FAMC Standard for Animated 3D Mesh Compression (2008)

This paper presents a new compression technique for 3D dynamic meshes, referred to as FAMC - Frame-based Animated Mesh Compression, recently promoted within the MPEG-4 standard as Amen-dement 2 of part 16 (AFX -Animation Framework extension). The FAMC approach combines a model-based motion-compensation strategy with transform/predictive coding of residual errors. First, a skinning motion-compensation model is automatically derived from a frame-based representation. Subsequently, either 1) DCT/lifting wavelets or 2) layer-based predictive coding is employed to exploit remaining spatio-temporal correlations in the residual signal. Both motion model parameters and residual signal components are finally encoded by using context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC). The proposed FAMC encoder offers high compression performance with gains of 60% in terms of bit-rate savings relative to previous MPEG-4 technology and of 20% to 40% relative to state-of-the-art techniques. FAMC is well suited for compressing both geometric and photometric (normal vectors, colors...) attributes. In addition, FAMC also supports a rich set of functionalities including streaming, scalability (spatial, temporal and quality) and progressive transmission.
A test of the hypothesis that cavitation at the focal area of an extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter produces far ultraviolet and soft x-ray emissions (1995)

Church hypothesized that the violent collapse of microbubbles in water in the focal area of an extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripter (ESWL) can generate biologically damaging far uv and soft x-ray photons. Two techniques were used to test this hypothesis. Gassy water (10 ml) was exposed to ten piezoelectric lithotripter shocks (P+ = 43 MPa, P- = 9 MPa). The resultant sonoluminescence was filtered by optical band-pass filters and measured using a photomultiplier tube (PMT). Next, a commercially available scintillation cocktail (Ecoscint A), which is formulated to convert high energy photons to visible light, was exposed to varying numbers of lithotripter shocks and the relative luminescence intensity measured and compared to background and distilled water luminescence readings. Results showed support for the hypothesized presence of near uv emissions (approximately 250 nm) and marginal support for the production of higher energy photons, possibly including far uv and soft x-ray emissions.
Thermographic presentation of cutaneous sensory and vasomotor activity in the injured peripheral nerve (1985)

✓ Impaired function of cutaneous segments of monkey peripheral nerves experimentally blocked by lidocaine anesthesia was clearly visualized by means of elevated temperature measurements obtained on computerized color telethermography. Mean temperature elevations in the segments of anesthetized primate nerves were 2.40°C at the ulnar segment 17 minutes after nerve block, and 1.20°C at the peroneal nerve at 20 minutes. The vasomotor activity of specific nerves, recorded after local anesthesia and displayed by color telethermographic imaging, corresponded to the distribution of sensory segments identified by more cumbersome means. Telethermography is therefore shown to be a useful tool, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in mapping cutaneous distribution of peripheral nerves and for evaluation of peripheral nerve injuries.
Revisiting the Voronoi description of protein–protein interfaces (2006)

We developed a model of macromolecular interfaces based on the Voronoi diagram and the related alpha-complex, and we tested its properties on a set of 96 protein-protein complexes taken from the Protein Data Bank. The Voronoi model provides a natural definition of the interfaces, and it yields values of the number of interface atoms and of the interface area that have excellent correlation coefficients with those of the classical model based on solvent accessibility. Nevertheless, some atoms that do not lose solvent accessibility are part of the interface defined by the Voronoi model. The Voronoi model provides robust definitions of the curvature and of the connectivity of the interfaces, and leads to estimates of these features that generally agree with other approaches. Our implementation of the model allows an analysis of protein-water contacts that highlights the role of structural water molecules at protein-protein interfaces.
Role of Teichoic Acid in the Binding of Staphylococcus aureus to Nasal Epithelial Cells (1980)

The role of teichoic acid in the adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to nasal epithelial cells was investigated. Epithelial cells treated with teichoic acid demonstrated decreased binding of S. aureus. A 71% reduction of adherence was noted with teichoic acid-treated epithelial cells as compared with controls (P less than 0.001). Reduction in adherence of S. aureus was also noted with lipoteichoic acid (obtained from streptococci)-treated epithelial cells. The data provide evidence that teichoic acid mediates the adherence of S. aureus to nasal mucosal cells.
Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Conventional Amphotericin B–Associated Nephrotoxicity (2002)

A retrospective 9-year cohort study was conducted to identify the hospitalization costs, length of hospital stay, and mortality associated with nephrotoxicity (NT) among 494 inpatients who were treated with conventional amphotericin B (CAB). Survival regression methods were used to model the effect of NT. The rate of NT was 12%; the overall in-hospital mortality rate was 22%. After adjustment for confounding, NT was associated with a 2.7-fold higher risk of death (P<.001). Although the unadjusted effects of NT on length of hospital stay and hospitalization costs after the initiation of CAB were consistent with small increases, such effects were not significant in multivariate models (time ratio, 1.2 [P=.2]; cost ratio, 1.1 [P=.8]). The greater the number of days before the onset of NT that were included in the analysis, the greater the apparent effect of NT on costs. CAB-associated NT was associated with increased mortality, but it did not impact the costs and length of hospital stay.
Treatment of an Edentulous Patient with CAD/CAM Technology: A Clinical Report (2007)

CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) technology with large-scale industrial applications has been developed and used over the last 3 decades. Implant Innovations, Inc. (Palm Beach Gardens, FL), has recently introduced a version of this technology for use in implant restorative dentistry. Different software programs were written to design and machine individual implant abutments and bar-type frameworks. This report provides a literature review of CAD/CAM technology in dentistry and describes the treatment of one edentulous patient restored with individual implant abutments and conventional cemented fixed partial dentures in the edentulous maxilla and a fixed, screw-retained prosthesis that replaced the missing mandibular teeth. The abutments were made using The Encode Restorative System; the mandibular framework was made with a CAM StructSURE Precision Milled Bar. The benefits and limitations of this technology are also discussed. Additional clinical and laboratory studies are needed to further validate this technology.
Lanosterol and Cholesterol-Induced Variations in Bilayer Elasticity Probed by <sup>2</sup>H NMR Relaxation (2004)

The influences of lanosterol on lipid bilayers have been compared to those of cholesterol by combining deuterium (2H) NMR spin relaxation studies with segmental order parameter measurements. For bilayers of 1,2-diperdeuteriomyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC-d54), the results are consistent with a square-law dependence of the 2H Zeeman relaxation rates (R1Z) on the corresponding order parameters (SCD). This behavior is indicative of relatively slow order fluctuations, for example, due to quasi-elastic bilayer disturbances. Significant differences are found in the influences of lanosterol versus cholesterol on the microscopic NMR observables; although lanosterol produces smaller order parameters than cholesterol, it leads to larger relaxation rates. By correlating the NMR relaxation behavior with the order parameters, the results are explained by a progressive reduction of the bilayer elasticity, which parallels the biosynthetic pathway from lanosterol to cholesterol.
KHARMA: An open KML/HTML architecture for mobile augmented reality applications (2010)

Widespread future adoption of augmented reality technology will rely on a broadly accessible standard for authoring and distributing content with, at a minimum, the flexibility and interactivity provided by current web authoring technologies. We introduce KHARMA, an open architecture based on KML for geospatial and relative referencing combined with HTML, JavaScript and CSS technologies for content development and delivery. This architecture uses lightweight representations that decouple infrastructure and tracking sources from authoring and content delivery. Our main contribution is a re-conceptualization of KML that turns HTML content formerly confined to balloons into first-class elements in the scene. We introduce the KARML extension that gives authors increase control over the presentation of HTML content and its spatial relationship to other content.
Endometrial leukocytes and menstruation (2000)

This review examines evidence supporting the concept that menstruation occurs as a result of an inflammatory process. In the endometrium, leukocyte numbers rise in the late secretory phase following the fall in serum progesterone concentrations. It is postulated that products released following activation of these leukocytes are critically important for menstruation. Mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages in particular are involved. Endometrial granular lymphocytes may also play a role, although their increase in numbers is somewhat earlier during the menstrual cycle than that of the others, suggesting perhaps a primary role in embryo implantation. Leukocyte products include a range of proteases, chemokines and cytokines which in concert result in focal production and activation of matrix metalloproteinases by endometrial cells and the subsequent breakdown of tissue that characterizes menstruation. Regulation of leukocyte entry, proliferation, differentiation and activation within the endometrium is not yet well understood, although both chemokines and cytokines produced locally by endometrial cells are clearly implicated. The role of progesterone in regulating these events is still not understood although the lack of progesterone receptors on endometrial leukocytes suggests indirect actions.
Cashing in on the trend toward variable-term computer leases. (1992)

Lessors make a large part of their profit from customer-requested changes such as upgrades or early termination of fixed-term computer leases. As lessees recognize the financial penalty associated with these changes, they are increasingly negotiating for variable-term computer leases.
Publisher’s Note: Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium States in Microfluidic Double Emulsions [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>101</b>, 164502 (2008)] (2008)

Received 15 October 2008DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.189901©2008 American Physical Society
Determination of the Amplitude and the Phase of Scattered Fields by Holography* (1970)

It is shown how both the amplitude and the phase of a scattered field may be determined by holography. It is estimated that information about details down to about nine wavelengths of light can be obtained by this technique. The result is of importance for unambiguous determination of the three-dimensional structure of semitransparent objects, such as are frequently encountered, for example, in biology.
Defense system model based on trust for cloud computing (2011)

Because of the cloud computing's characteristics of being dynamic and open,continuous malicious attacks happen frequently.With the idea of trusted cloud,a defense system model based on trust for cloud computing was constructed to guarantee the cloud security.Through real-time monitoring,users' behavior evidences could be obtained and standardized;a new method for users' trust evaluation based on fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) was presented,which gradually determined the weights of behavior evidences,achieved quantitative assessment of behavioral trust;so as to provide great security defense for users.Besides,multiple detection engines were used to conduct a comprehensive inspection of suspicious files and to make integrated decisions.The experimental results show the system model can effectively eliminate the malicious behaviors from undesirable users,reduce users' damages caused by virus and achieve a two-way defense for both cloud and client.
Elucidation of the Antimicrobial Mechanism of Mutacin 1140 (2008)

Mutacin 1140 and nisin A are peptide antibiotics that belong to the lantibiotic family. N-Terminal rings A and B of nisin A and mutacin 1140 (lipid II-binding domain) share many structural and sequence similarities. Nisin A binds lipid II and thus disrupts cell wall synthesis and also forms transmembrane pores. Very little is known about mutacin 1140 in this regard. We performed fluorescence-based studies using a bacteria-mimetic membrane system. The results indicated that lipid II monomers are arranged differently in the mutacin 1140 complex than in the nisin A complex. These differences in complex formation may be attributed to the fact that nisin A uses lipid II to form a distinct pore complex, while mutacin 1140 does not form pores in this membrane system. Further experiments demonstrated that the mutacin 1140-lipid II and nisin A-lipid II complexes are very stable and capable of withstanding competition from each other. Transmembrane electrical potential experiments using a Streptococcus rattus strain, which is sensitive to mutacin 1140, demonstrated that mutacin 1140 does not form pores in this strain even at a concentration 8 times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Circular complexes of mutacin 1140 and nisin A were observed by electron microscopy, providing direct evidence for a lateral assembly mechanism for these antibiotics. Mutacin 1140 did exhibit a membrane disruptive function in another commonly used artificial bacterial membrane system, and its disruptive activity was enhanced by increasing amounts of anionic phospholipids.
Evidence for the Role of Epstein Barr Virus Infections in the Pathogenesis of Acute Coronary Events (2013)

These clinical data support a model, based on in vitro studies, by which EBV may precipitate AMI even under conditions of low viral load through the pro-inflammatory action of the early protein dUTPase that is produced even during incomplete viral replication. They further support the putative role of viral infections in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary artery events.
아동복지의 개념규정에 관한 연구 (1996)

Child welfare is a complex word of child and welfare. The meaning of child welfare hold in common conception of ideology for child welfare and offer activity as conception of practical for child welfare. Also, the subject of child welfare is a nation or local self-government and private organization have a public and private of child welfare agency. The object of child welfare become not only a child who had problem and but also have all children. The definition of child welfare is an important field of social welfare. A nation or public and private organization take an activity interest in a whole person who a sound growth and promote welfare for all children.
Grid Generation around a Practical Ship Hull Form Using the Implicit Geometrical Method (1991)

A new grid generation method is proposed. The geometrical method has been modified to produce the present implicit geometrical method. An iteration to modify initial grid is regarded as time integration, and an explicit time differencing operator is replaced by an implicit Padè time differencing. Four requirements, i. e. orthogonality, smoothing, clustering, and minimum spacing are imposed to obtain a convergent grid. 2D grids are shown as examples and extension to 3D to generate grids around a practical ship hull form is explained.
Iterative Synthesis of Nucleoside Oligophosphates with Phosphoramidites (2013)

P-Amidites can be used in iterative couplings to selectively give mixed P(III) -P(V) anhydrides. These intermediates can be oxidized followed by a rapid removal of the two terminal fluorenylmethyl groups. An iterative synthesis (coupling, oxidation, deprotection) of nucleoside oligophosphates can be carried out in solution and on a solid support. The coupling rates and yields are high, the procedures convenient (non-dry reagents and solvents, ambient conditions, unprotected nucleotides), and the purification is very simple. The method works with all canonical nucleosides and holds promise for significant simplification of the usually cumbersome process of P-anhydride bond construction.
Guide to SSL VPNs (2008)

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analysis to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL's responsibilities include the development of technical, physical, administrative, and management standards and guidelines for the cost-effective security and privacy of sensitive unclassified information in Federal computer systems. This Special Publication 800-series reports on ITL's research, guidance, and outreach efforts in computer security and its collaborative activities with industry, government, and academic organizations.
Gyromagnetic Modes in Waveguide Partially Loaded with Ferrite (1959)

Analysis is made of all the propagating modes of a vanishingly small rectangular waveguide partially filled with transversely magnetized ferrite. Each of these modes is shown to propagate in only one directum and to tend to be lossy. Use of these properties can be made in the design of a novel non-resonance isolator. All but one of the propagating modes vary in amplitude along the dc magnetic field. Yet they can apparently be excited experimentally at a boundary by an incident mode, with none of the modes having any variation along the dc field. Theoretical considerations indicate that finite conductivity in the waveguide walls may be responsible for this coupling. The unidirectional properties of these modes suggest the possibility of building purely reactive isolators, but these can be shown nonexistent from general energy considerations. Experiments are described that show that nature resolves this “paradox” by absorbing power, even in low-loss ferrite, rather than reflecting it. Some possible explanations of this behavior are set forth.
A 1680-V (at 1 $\hbox{mA/cm}^{2}$) 54-A (at 780 $\hbox{W/cm}^{2}$) Normally ON 4H-SiC JFET With 0.143- $\hbox{cm}^{2}$ Active Area (2008)

A high-voltage normally ON 4H-SiC vertical junction field-effect transistor (VJFET) of 0.143- cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area was manufactured in seven photolithographic levels with no epitaxial regrowth and with a single masked ion-implantation event. The VJFET exhibits low gate-to-source p-n-junction leakage current with relatively sharp onset of breakdown. At a drain-current density of 1 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the VJFET blocks 1680 V at a gate bias of -24 V. A self-aligned floating guard-ring structure provides edge termination that blocks 77% of the 11.8-mum SiC drift layer's limit. At a gate bias of 2.5 V and a corresponding gate current of 2 mA, the VJFET outputs 53.6 A (375 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) at a forward drain voltage drop of 2.08 V (780 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). The transistor current gain is <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ID</i> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IG</i> = 26 800, and the specific on-state resistance is 5.5 mOmegamiddotcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . To our best knowledge, this is the largest area SiC vertical-channel JFET reported to date and outputs more drain current than any 1200-V class vertical-channel JFET under identical heat-load and gate biasing conditions.
Techniques for small-signal analysis of semiconductor devices (1985)

Techniques for ascertaining the small-signal behavior of semiconductor devices in the context of numerical device simulation are discussed. Three standard approaches to this problem will be compared: (i) transient excitation followed by Fourier decomposition, (ii) incremental charge partitioning, and (iii) sinusoidal steady-state analysis. Sinusoidal steady-state analysis is shown to be the superior approach by providing accurate, rigorously correct results with reasonable computational cost and programming commitment.
Elastic anisotropy due to aligned cracks in porous rock (1991)

The theory of the effects of cracks upon acoustic velocity in rock is founded upon the classic paper of Eshelby (1957). The effects of a dilute set of aligned ellipsoidal cracks (cf e.g., Hudson, 1980) are well established, although finite concentrations or crack-shape distributions are problematic (Thomsen, 1986b). Despite a long history, there has been essentially no experimental confirmation of this theory. The difficulty has been in fabricating samples containing cracks of controlled number, location, orientation, shape, and size. The new technique discussed by Rathore, et al. (1991) appears to have solved this problem, at least for cracks in porous rock.
Displacement metrology with sub-pm resolution in air based on a fs-comb wavelength synthesizer (2006)

We report on a displacement metrology setup that provides sub-pm resolution in air. The setup is based on a Fabry-Perot cavity. However, unlike current Fabry-Perot cavity based displacement setups we incorporate a novel fs-laser based arbitrary wavelength synthesizer that provides efficient suppression of atmospheric disturbances while providing very wide and precise tuning of the output wavelength. The wavelength synthesizer provides sub-10 attometer wavelength resolution. The setup provides subpm length stability for integration times of up to one minute and sub-10 pm for up to half an hour without airtight enclosure of the Fabry-Perot cavities.
Estimating inertia distribution to enhance power system dynamics (2017)

The understanding of power system characteristics and their impact on system behavior can lead to improved dynamic performances. Based on the Center of Inertia (COI) concept, this paper presents a practical study on the inertia distribution estimation, which can be used to both planning in long time scale and operation in short time scale, to meet with increasing renewable integration level in the future power system. Two indices are created to calculate the inertia distribution over the grid. Specifically, it is found that the proposed indices are highly related to the grid structure, and also they are affected by different parameters such as inertia constant, line parameters, terminal voltage set point of synchronous machines and models of exciters and governors. With these characteristics, the proposed indices have the potential to be applied on problems such as the placement of phasor measurement units or energy storage systems and generators coherency detection. Simulation results in a radial system, a meshed system and the IEEE 39-bus test system verify the characteristic of the proposed indices and show their potential applications in modern power systems.