gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of T-type Ca2+ Channels in Primary Sensory Neurons in Spinal Nerve Injury (2012)

Our study first indicated the upregulation of functional T-type Ca channels in DRG neurons of different sizes and the changes in different subtypes of T-type Ca channels by spinal nerve injury. Considering the effect of blocking T-type Ca channels in painful behavior and abnormal neuronal firing in rats with nerve injury, our results suggest that T-type Ca channels are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain.
HapTwist (2018)

In recent years, virtual reality (VR) with head-mounted displays is gaining an increasing amount of attention in the consumer market, with highly realistic visual and audio contents. However, it is still challenging to use these VR devices with pre-fabricated shapes of controllers to simulate realistic haptic/kinesthetic information (i.e. the shape, the size, and the weight) of the virtual objects.
Highly Enantioselective 1,4‐Addition of Diethyl Phosphite to Enones Using a Dinuclear Zn Catalyst (2009)

Zinc benefits: The first catalytic asymmetric phospha-Michael addition of enones has been developed. Under mild reaction conditions, the gamma-oxo phosphonates could be obtained in high yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (93-99% ee; see scheme). The strategy makes the asymmetric synthesis of biologically important phosphonate compounds more accessible.
Operational aspects of a super redundant space robot with reconfiguration and brachiating capability (2003)

A super-redundant space robot with reconfiguration and brachiating capability (RBR) has been developed at Department of Mechano-Aerospace Engineering of Titech. The RBR is designed to operate on a space station exposed facility as well as unmanned free-flying robotic spacecraft. It consists of a center hub and three manipulator arms. Each arm has 6 DOF with an additional end-effector, and one in the center hub, leading to 24 actuators driven independently. In addition, each arm can be autonomously operated or slaved by a higher authority in the center hub. Each arm is mechanically detachable from the center hub and can be plugged into any of the connection ports with power and signal transmission capabilities. Thus, the RBR can move on the spacecraft and perform various tasks such as monitoring, payload carrying and placement, capturing and berthing, etc. This paper describes a fundamental function with emphasis on the distributed controllers and communication systems of the RBR.
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF 57 CASES. (1995)

Dept. of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
Electron microscopic studies of the heart and light microscopic studies of the skin after treatment of golden hamsters with adriamycin, detorubicin, AD-32, and aclacinomycin. (1979)

Golden hamsters received Adriamycin (ADR), detorubicin (DTR), AD-32, or aclacinomycin (ACM) three times weekly at doses extrapolated from optimal doses in L1210 leukemia. Minimal early lesions of the myocardium were detected by electron microscopy in ACM-treated animals. These lesions were aggravated after several weeks of treatment but remained reversible. Lesions in AD-32-treated hamsters were slightly more marked than those seen in ACM-treated animals but were much less severe than those observed in ADR- or DTR-treated animals. Similarly, light microscopy revealed pathologic changes in the skin following ADR or DTR administration. These changes were not seen in animals receiving AD-32 or ACM.
The development of human megakaryocytes. II. CD4 expression occurs during haemopoietic differentiation and is an early step in megakaryocyte maturation (1996)

CD4 expression is not limited to T cells and monocytes. In both mouse and man the antigen has been detected on some early haemopoietic progenitors and we have shown that some mature megakaryocytes (MK) express CD4, the surface molecule that serves as the high-affinity receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Using a serum-free culture system in which sorted CD34+ haemopoietic progenitors are cultured with thrombopoietin (TPO), IL-3, IL-6 and SCF, we now show that CD4 expression is induced in virtually all developing haemopoietic cells. This phenomenon was particularly striking in the MK lineage, where CD4 expression began whilst the cells were still CD34+ but after they expressed CD41 (GPIIb/IIIa). CD4 expression and endomitotic polyploidization occur at the same time in MK development. In culture, maximum CD4 expression occurred 4-6 d after CD41 expression and lasted for a few days. Expression of CD4 declined gradually thereafter and most MK were CD4- by the end of the culture period. The amount of CD4 on the surface of some MK, as measured by intensity of fluorescence staining, exceeded that of normal monocytes and approached the brightness of T cells. Appearance of the surface antigen correlated with the presence of mRNA for CD4, as measured by RT-PCR.
Surface characterization of InP using photoluminescence (1987)

Photoluminescence (PL) measurements have been performed on InP samples in situ during various surface treatments including chemical etching, wet anodization, and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. It was found, in agreement with previously published results, that the magnitude of the PL signal varies markedly with surface treatment due presumably to changes in either surface-state density, and/or surface potential. In an attempt to assess the effectiveness of this noninvasive method as a tool for characterizing and monitoring the progressive development of a semiconductor surface during processing, a number of experiments on InP have been performed. The results indicate that although some uncertainty may exist in assigning a mechanism for the PL change in any given experiment, the general trend appears to be that surface degradation results in a reduced signal. As a result, process steps which enhance the PL intensity are likely to be beneficial in the preparation of a high-quality interface.
4-channel polarization-insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) gate array integrated with spot-size converters (1997)

A 4-channel SOA gate array integrated with spot-size converters has been realized with very low polarization dependent loss (< 0.2 dB) and low coupling loss (2.6 dB). This device operates over a wavelength range of more than 40 nm.
<title>Infrared phase-modulated ellipsometer for in-situ characterization of surfaces and thin films</title> (1992)

A new infrared phase modulated ellipsometer (IRPME) is presented here. The polarization phase modulation technique takes advantage of the high frequency modulation (37 kHz) provided by a ZnSe photoelastic modulator. In order to increase the signal to noise ratio, the conventional globar source was superseded by a cascade arc, which emitted intensity corresponds to that of a blackbody at a temperature > 10,000 K. Ellipsometric measurements can be recorded from 700 up to 4000 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> combining photovoltaic InSb and MCT detectors. A monochromator is used to record spectra, with a 2 - 5 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> spectral resolution, depending on the wavelength domain. The signal acquisition and data processing is based on the use of a numerical electronic system. The improvements of both optical and electronic parts of the ellipsometer result in increased performances by more than one order of magnitude. The precision on (Psi) and (Delta) is now approximately equals 0.01 deg., achieving a submonolayer sensitivity.
Studies on Fungicidal Activity of Metabolic Products of Actinomycetes (2005)

The bioassay results of the fermentation product of No.24 strain actinomycete isolated from the soil of Qinling mountain areas are reported. The results show that the fermentation product had a strong inhibition on various fungi by means of mycelium growth rate, the EC_(50) value against Macrophom kawatsukai and Bipolaris sorokiniana was 146.87 mg·L~(-1) and 164.09 mg·L~(-1). By means of spore germination test, the EC_(50) value against Exserohilum turcicum and Fusarium oxysporium was 129.33 mg·L~(-1) and 184.99 mg·L~(-1). The results of pot tests show that the fermentation product exhibited 76.1% of protective efficacy and 70.7% of therapeutic efficacy against Pseudoperonospora cubensis, 66.9% of protective efficacy and 61.1% of therapeutic efficacy against Botrytis cintrea at the concentration of 6 000 mg·L~(-1). The field trails results indicate that the fermentation product of No.24 had a certain control effect against Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Botrytis cintrea.
p-Cyanostyrene (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTp-CyanostyreneC. G. Overberger and R. E. AllenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 4, 722Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01208a511https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01208a511research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Replication of the 3D architecture of tissues (2010)

Biological tissues are ensembles of various types of cells and extracellular molecules. Functionality in tissues arises from their components (cells and extracellular molecules) as well as from the location of those components relative to each other. The organization of the constituents of a tissue is known as histoarchitecture. As cell culture reaches beyond flat, rigid surfaces, several approaches have been published that attempt to re-create in vitro the three-dimensional (3D) histoarchitecture found in vivo. In these approaches, researchers use scaffolding molecules (extracellular matrix, ECM) of natural or synthetic origin to support cell growth1. Scaffolds harvested from tissues replicate precisely the in vivo ECM but they may be limited by its biologic variability2. Conversely, synthetic scaffolds3, 4 provide tailored, defined, repeatable ECM but lack the chemical signaling completeness provided by biological scaffolds. Here we will review methods for replicating in vitro the 3D histoarchitecture of live tissues, focusing on those approaches that use (or are compatible with) tissue-harvested scaffolds.
Dermoscopy compared with naked eye examination for the diagnosis of primary melanoma: a meta-analysis of studies performed in a clinical setting (2008)

Dermoscopy is more accurate than naked eye examination for the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in suspicious skin lesions when performed in the clinical setting.
A curing method for permanent hair straightening using thioglycolic and dithiodiglycolic acids (2000)

A successful process of permanent hair straightening was achieved by applying a hot iron press technique to hair treated with an alkaline solution containing thioglycolic acid (TGA) and dithiodiglycolic acid (DTDG). Supercontraction of the hair was determined on the basis of fiber length. The effectiveness of straightening was evaluated as a function of supercontraction, which was dependent on the concentration ratio of DTDG to TGA, pH, time, and heat-treatment temperature. A range of around 5% to 8% supercontraction was found to be necessary to achieve successful permanent hair straightening, while at relatively higher contraction levels the smoothness of the fiber surface tended to be lost. About 89% of the initial content of cystine was retained in straightened hairs, and about 11% was converted to cysteic acid. X-ray diffraction and high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry were used to estimate the amount of α-crystallites. The relationship between the melting enthalpy and the degree of supercontraction was discussed in relation to the stability in the straight configuration. Important conclusions include the observations that supercontraction of less than 10% is caused by randomization of the α-helix and that permanency related to hair straightening is a result of the irreversible transformation of the α-crystal into amorphous phase.
Neutral networks for tactile perception (2003)

The real-time solution to a basic inverse problem of tactile perception is investigated. Regularized solutions of this problem are obtained by a neural-analog network. Favorable setting times and noise immunity are observed in simulations and breadboard level experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rebel With a Cause: the Romantics' Jesus (1999)

Age significantly determines LA and PV structures. These findings show the important contributing effects involved in aging-induced AF in the general population.
Application of CL multi-wavelet transform and DCT in Information Hiding Algorithm (2011)

Taking advantage of a feature that allows the energy of an image would gather and spread on four components (LL 2 , LH 2 , HL 2 and HH 2 ) in the sub-image after first-order CL multi-wavelet transform, and Using the advantage of Discrete Cosine Transform in application of information hiding, propose an Information Hiding scheme based on CL multi-wavelet transform and Discrete Cosine Transform (abbreviated as CL-DCT). LL 2 is embedded module of robust parameters (optimized code of Chebyshev scrambling and Hash value of embedding information). Embed hiding Information in LH 2 and HL 2 with RAID1 and fragile sign in HH 2 . Select a different range of DCT coefficients in LH 2 , HL 2 and HH 2 . The embedding sequence of each bit plane is traversal according to Knight-tour rout.
Effects of carbon/hardmask interactions on hardmask performance (2009)

Interactions between the silicon hardmask and the photoresist have received considerable attention for utilization of these materials in a trilayer scheme. In contrast, the interactions between the carbon layer and the silicon hardmask have received little or no consideration. In this paper, we present the effects of these interactions on the performance of the silicon hardmask. Poor interactions were observed to result in a more hydrophilic surface and poor lithographic performance of the silicon hardmask. However, beneficial interactions between the carbon layer and the silicon hardmask resulted in a silicon film that was denser with a hydrophobic surface. The resulting denser film had a slower CF<sub>4</sub> etch rate and produced square, clean profiles.
Full Assignment of the <sup>13</sup>C NMR Spectra of Regioregular Polypropylenes:  Methyl and Methylene Region (1997)

13C NMR spectroscopy is the main source of information on the stereochemistry of Ziegler−Natta and related transition metal catalyzed propene polymerizations. In simple cases, like those of polypropylenes formed under pure enantiomorphic-site or chain-end control, the origin of the stereoselectivity can be easily recognized from the steric pentad distribution obtained from routine 13C NMR spectra. On the other hand, the variety of innovative polymers that can now be prepared with “high-yield” heterogeneous and metallocene-based homogeneous catalysts under hybrid, multiple, or oscillating stereocontrol represent very complex systems, which are beyond the possibilities of configurational analysis by routine 13C NMR. In such cases, high-field 13C NMR can be highly advantageous. Indeed, in this paper we show that from the methyl and methylene regions of 150 MHz 13C NMR spectra of polypropylenes of various tacticities, the stereosequence distribution can be determined at a much finer level of detail, so as to obtain an adequate experimental basis for the investigation of the many complicated mechanisms of stereocontrol presently encountered in Ziegler−Natta catalysis.
A dual-phasar multi-wavelength ring laser (2002)

We presented the first integrated WDM ring laser. It operates CW at three adjacent wavelengths spaced by 3.2 nm. Lowest threshold currents are 70 mA and the SMSR is 30 dB when both the common and the selected SOA are operated at 100 mA.. One of the channels was not lasing because of a defect amplifier. The small size of the device (1.5 /spl times/ 3 mm/sup 2/) demonstrates the potential of compact technology.
Aphasia rehabilitation in Australia: Current practices, challenges and future directions (2013)

This study reports on current aphasia rehabilitation practices of speech-language pathologists in Australia. A 30-item web-based survey targeted approaches to aphasia rehabilitation, education, discharge, follow-up practices, counselling, interventions to improve communication access, community aphasia support services, and challenges to practice. One hundred and eighty-eight surveys were completed representing ~33% of the potential target population, with 58.5% urban and 41.5% rural participants across all states and territories. Respondents reported embracing a wide variety of approaches to aphasia rehabilitation; however, significant challenges in providing aphasia management in acute and residential care were identified. Low levels of knowledge and confidence were reported for both culturally and linguistically diverse clients and discourse approaches. Group and intensive services were under-utilized and clinicians reported inflexible funding models as major barriers to implementation. Few clinicians work directly in the community to improve communicative access for people with aphasia. Despite the chronic nature of aphasia, follow-up practices are limited and client re-entry to services is restricted. Counselling is a high frequency practice in aphasia rehabilitation, but clinicians report being under-prepared for the role. Respondents repeatedly cited lack of resources (time, space, materials) as a major challenge to effective service provision. Collective advocacy is required to achieve system level changes.
The Single Source Two Terminal Network with Network Coding (2009)

We consider a communication network with a single source that has a set of messages and two terminals where each terminal is interested in an arbitrary subset of messages at the source. A tight capacity region for this problem is demonstrated. We show by a simple graph-theoretic procedure that any such problem can be solved by performing network coding on the subset of messages that are requested by both the terminals and that routing is sufficient for transferring the remaining messages.
Ultra fast acting Electronic Circuit Breaker for overload protection (2017)

This paper is intended to fast protection of electric circuit from over load and a short circuit fault which is happens into the power system. So here for protection electric circuit from short circuit or over load current we introduce the ECB (Electronic Circuit Breaker) which has less trip time of circuit whenever abnormal condition occur as compared to mechanical or convectional circuit breaker such as MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) which takes longer time to trip the circuit because of very slow action thermal bimetal lever mechanism that used in MCB (Miniature Circuit breaker). For protection of sensitive load from short circuit or over load current trip time of circuit should be very low and this can be achieved by ECB (Electronic Circuit Breaker). At the time of short circuit, current flow through the series element which has a low resistance that is sensed by ECB (Electronic Circuit Breaker). Then voltage drop across series element and preset voltage are compared in level comparator, resultant signal of comparator is given to microcontroller, MOSFET is operated through microcontroller and then operation of relay is decided by MOSFET and circuit is trip instantaneously.
Transgenic Models of T‐Cell Self Tolerance and Autoimmunity (1990)

Self-tolerance is generally induced by intrathymic clonal deletion of T cells with reactivity directed to antigens synthesized within the thymus (Kappler et al. 1987, Kisielow et al. 1988). It may also be induced in peripheral T cells when these encounter antigens unique to extra-thymic tissues. Two transgenic models have been particularly useful in the study of peripheral self tolerance: in one model, a known antigen is expressed in a particular extra-thymic site; in the other, the T-cell repertoire is predominantly reactive to this antigen. We, and others, have shown that expression of class I or II MHC molecules in defined extra-thymic sites leads to a state of T-cell tolerance. To account for this, we have proposed two hypotheses which have different implications for autoimmune disease. According to one, tolerance is imposed by deletion or functional silencing of specific high-affinity cytolytic T cells; alternatively, the target cell for tolerance induction may be a regulatory IL-2-producing T-cell, rather than the effector cell itself. To distinguish between these hypotheses it is essential to examine the fate of T cells which have the potential to react to the transgene product. Since the frequency of such T cells is low and there is no dominant clonotype for H-2Kb, which is the class I molecule we used, it was necessary to create double transgenic mice by mating class I transgenic mice with transgenic mice whose T-cell pool was compared of cells reactive to H-2Kb and could be detected by an antibody directed to the TCR. Initial studies showed that such T cells did persist despite the presence of antigen to which they may be reactive. If these double transgenic mice can be shown to be tolerant, they will offer a rich source of tolerant T cells for detailed investigation of their phenotype and fate, and they will be most useful in enabling us to probe the mechanisms responsible for the induction of peripheral self tolerance. Transgenic mouse technology has also been used successfully to unravel the genetic influences which may lead to or prevent autoimmunity. In particular, we have prevented autoimmune diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse by introducing a non-NOD MHC class II gene and further work is implicating the failure of intrathymic positive selection of a protective cell as one step in the pathogenesis of diabetes in NOD mice.