gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy of Biological Specimens (2010)

A three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the cytoskeleton and a clathrin-coated pit in mammalian cells has been achieved from a focal-series of images recorded in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The specimen was a metallic replica of the biological structure comprising Pt nanoparticles 2-3 nm in diameter, with a high stability under electron beam radiation. The 3D dataset was processed by an automated deconvolution procedure. The lateral resolution was 1.1 nm, set by pixel size. Particles differing by only 10 nm in vertical position were identified as separate objects with greater than 20% dip in contrast between them. We refer to this value as the axial resolution of the deconvolution or reconstruction, the ability to recognize two objects, which were unresolved in the original dataset. The resolution of the reconstruction is comparable to that achieved by tilt-series transmission electron microscopy. However, the focal-series method does not require mechanical tilting and is therefore much faster. 3D STEM images were also recorded of the Golgi ribbon in conventional thin sections containing 3T3 cells with a comparable axial resolution in the deconvolved dataset.
Real-time Deep Pose Estimation with Geodesic Loss for Image-to-Template Rigid Registration (2018)

With an aim to increase the capture range and accelerate the performance of state-of-the-art inter-subject and subject-to-template 3D registration, we propose deep learning-based methods that are trained to find the 3D position of arbitrarily oriented subjects or anatomy based on slices or volumes of medical images. For this, we propose regression CNNs that learn to predict the angle-axis representation of 3D rotations and translations using image features. We use and compare mean square error and geodesic loss to train regression CNNs for 3D pose estimation used in two different scenarios: slice-to-volume registration and volume-to-volume registration. Our results show that in such registration applications that are amendable to learning, the proposed deep learning methods with geodesic loss minimization can achieve accurate results with a wide capture range in real-time (<100ms). We also tested the generalization capability of the trained CNNs on an expanded age range and on images of newborn subjects with similar and different MR image contrasts. We trained our models on T2-weighted fetal brain MRI scans and used them to predict the 3D pose of newborn brains based on T1-weighted MRI scans. We showed that the trained models generalized well for the new domain when we performed image contrast transfer through a conditional generative adversarial network. This indicates that the domain of application of the trained deep regression CNNs can be further expanded to image modalities and contrasts other than those used in training. A combination of our proposed methods with accelerated optimization-based registration algorithms can dramatically enhance the performance of automatic imaging devices and image processing methods of the future.
A compensation scheme for nonlinear distortion in OFDM systems (2002)

This paper presents an adaptive predistorter to compensate nonlinear distortion introduced by the high power amplifier (HPA) in OFDM systems. OFDM systems are susceptible to HPA nonlinearities in particular because of their large peak-to-average power ratios. In contrast to earlier work, the adaptive predistorter in this paper is based on both the direct and indirect learning architectures, and utilizes a complex Volterra series which is known to be suitable for compensating nonlinear phenomena. It is shown that the new predistorter scheme exhibits faster convergence than the previous method based on the indirect learning architecture only. In addition, the performance of the predistorter for OFDM systems is evaluated in terms of total degradation, optimal output backoff, and BER.
Chemical vapor deposition of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} in a cold plasma reactor using an aerosol vaporization technique (1996)

A plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique, utilizing an aerosol decomposition/vaporization process in a cold plasma reactor, was used to form YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} (YBCO) thin films on single-crystal MgO substrates. Aerosol droplets of the precursors were generated by an ultrasonic nebulizer operating at 1.63 MHz, while a 50 kW rf generator, operating at 2.87 MHz, was used to create the plasma and heat a stainless steel susceptor. Nitrate, acetylacetonate, and tetramethylheptanedionate compounds were used as precursors, and distilled water, ethyl alcohol, and an aqueous benzoic acid solution were investigated as solvents for the aerosol solution. The effects of the solubility and decomposition temperature of the chemical precursors, and the vapor pressure of the solvents, on the microstructure and phase assemblage of the deposits were determined. Specific combinations of substrate temperature, in the range of 800--940 C, and oxygen partial pressure, in the range of 0.3--2.7 kPa, were found to produce in situ, crystalline, stoichiometric YBCO films.
Delayed‐onset muscle damage and lipid peroxidation in man after a downhill run (1989)

Lipid peroxidation initiated by free radical reactions is associated with tissue necrosis in a variety of conditions. We have measured serum lipid peroxide concentrations (as total thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, TBARS) and creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and subjective muscle soreness in 16 men before and after a 45-minute downhill treadmill run. TBARS concentrations and enzyme activities were increased after exercise, with peak values observed at 6 hours (TBARS, LDH) or 24 hours (CK, AST) after exercise. Serum LDH activity returned to preexercise levels by 48 hours after exercise and TBARS by 72 hours after exercise: CK and AST activities remained elevated 72 hours after exercise. Leg muscle soreness also increased, with the greatest degree of soreness seen at 24 or 48 hours after exercise. Subjects with the greatest increase in CK, LDH, and AST also showed the highest serum TBARS concentration. This suggests a possible relationship between free radical generation and exercise-induced muscle damage.
Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart in the Evaluation of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Diagnostic Accuracy Compared to Alkaline Hematin (2011)

The PBAC score is a simple and accurate tool for semiobjective of MBL that can be used in clinical practice to aid the decision about treatment and follow-up.
Alternative Ribonucleic Acid Processing in Endocrine Systems (2001)

Alternative RNA processing is a mechanism for creation of protein diversity through selective inclusion or exclusion of RNA sequence during posttranscriptional processing. More than one-third of human pre-mRNAs undergo alternative RNA processing modification, making this a ubiquitous biological process. The protein isoforms produced have distinct and sometimes opposite functions, underscoring the importance of this process. This review focuses on important endocrine genes regulated by alternative RNA processing. We discuss how diverse events such as spermatogenesis or GH action are regulated by this process. We focus on several endocrine (calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide) and nonendocrine (Drosophila doublesex and P-element and mouse c-src) examples to highlight recent progress in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms regulating this process. Finally, we outline methods (model systems and techniques) used by investigators in this field to study processing of individual pre-mRNAS:
Thermal conductance of bonding layers in HgCdTe (PC) detector arrays (1976)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text F. Bartoli, L. Esterowitz, R. Allen, and M. Kruer, "Thermal conductance of bonding layers in HgCdTe (PC) detector arrays," Appl. Opt. 15, 2016-2017 (1976) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The QR Transformation A Unitary Analogue to the LR Transformation--Part 1 (1961)

The LR transformation, due to Rutishauser, has proved to be a powerful method for finding the eigenvalues of symmetric band matrices. Little attention, however, has been paid to its application to the more difficult problem of finding eigenvalues of general unsymmetric matrices. If the matrices are large two important difficulties are likely to occur. Firstly, triangular decomposition, which is the basis of the method, is by no means always numerically stable, and secondly, the amount of computation required by the method is likely to be very great. This paper describes an algorithm similar to the LR transformation except that the transformations involved in it are all unitary and can thus be expected to by numerically stable. It is then shown that there are various advantages in first converting the matrix to almost-triangular form; in particular, the amount of work involved in the algorithm can then be greatly reduced. Part 1 of the paper is largely concerned with proof of convergence, and the theoretical aspect. Part 2, to be published in January, discussed practical computation and gives results of experiments.
Tbr1 regulates regional and laminar identity of postmitotic neurons in developing neocortex (2010)

Areas and layers of the cerebral cortex are specified by genetic programs that are initiated in progenitor cells and then, implemented in postmitotic neurons. Here, we report that Tbr1, a transcription factor expressed in postmitotic projection neurons, exerts positive and negative control over both regional (areal) and laminar identity. Tbr1 null mice exhibited profound defects of frontal cortex and layer 6 differentiation, as indicated by down-regulation of gene-expression markers such as Bcl6 and Cdh9. Conversely, genes that implement caudal cortex and layer 5 identity, such as Bhlhb5 and Fezf2, were up-regulated in Tbr1 mutants. Tbr1 implements frontal identity in part by direct promoter binding and activation of Auts2, a frontal cortex gene implicated in autism. Tbr1 regulates laminar identity in part by downstream activation or maintenance of Sox5, an important transcription factor controlling neuronal migration and corticofugal axon projections. Similar to Sox5 mutants, Tbr1 mutants exhibit ectopic axon projections to the hypothalamus and cerebral peduncle. Together, our findings show that Tbr1 coordinately regulates regional and laminar identity of postmitotic cortical neurons.
Animation engine for believable interactive user-interface robots (2005)

The iCat is an interactive and believable user-interface robot that performs the role of a "family companion" in home environments. To build this robot, we developed an animation engine that makes it possible to combine multiple interactive robot behaviors with believable robot animations. In order to do this, we build three special software components: 1) animation channels to control the execution of multiple robot behaviors and animations; 2) merging logic to combine individual device events; and 3) a transition filter for smooth blending. We illustrate the usage of the animation engine by describing an application of the iCat during which it speaks to a user while tracking the user's head, performing lip-syncing, doing eye-blinking and showing facial expressions.
Role of Mosquito Saliva in Blood Vessel Location (1984)

In order to ascribe a blood feeding function to the saliva of mosquitoes, we determined whether this secretion may limit the initial probing phase of biting behaviour. The probing of hosts was indeed prolonged when the salivary ducts were severed, but this prolongation was absent when mosquitoes were fed on an artificial meal contained beneath a membrane. In vitro, turbidometric assays demonstrated that saliva inhibits the ADP- and collagen-mediated aggregation of platelets. ATP and ADP were hydrolysed by saliva, and this apyrase activity explains, in part, the observed effect upon platelets. We conclude that the saliva of mosquitoes functions by facilitating location of blood vessels.
MOS ADC-filter combination that does not require precision analog components (1985)

AN OVERSAMPLE-AND-DECIMATE ARCHITECTURE yielding a analog-to-digital interface system with a built-in mask programmable digital antialien filter in standard 5V digital MOS technology will be reported. Unlike other MOS A/D converter techniques, this approach requires no precision component ratios or precision comparator, nor a double-polysilicon or other special capacitor structure
Clarification of the Antagonistic Effect of the Lipopeptides Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BPD1 against Pyricularia oryzae via In Situ MALDI-TOF IMS Analysis (2016)

This study tried to clarify the antagonistic effect of the lipopeptides secreted by <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> strain BPD1 (Ba-BPD1) against <i>Pyricularia oryzae</i> Cavara (PO). To determine the major antifungal lipopeptides effective against PO, single and dual cultures were carried out in solid-state media. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF IMS) was used to identify the most effective lipopeptide in situ. Meanwhile, the morphology of pathogen fungi treated with lipopeptides was observed via the SEM. Of the three lipopeptide families, surfactin, iturin, and fengycin, the last was identified as the most effective for inhibiting mycelium growth and conidial germination of PO. The conidia and hyphae of fengycin-treated PO were shown to become deformed and tumorous under exposure. This study provides insights into the antagonistic effect of Ba-BPD1 against fungal phytopathogens. Such insights are helpful in the development of reagents for biological control applications.
Down-regulation of lysyl oxydase-like in aging and venous insufficiency. (2008)

The already established reduction in elastin in the varicose condition may be related, at least in part, to the decreased LOXL1 levels observed here. These events could reduce spontaneous reticulation of elastin and the partial loss of tissue elasticity in this group of patients.
Simplified Method of “Push‐Pull” Test Data Analysis for Determining In Situ Reaction Rate Coefficients (1998)

Abstract The single‐well, “push‐pull” test method is useful for obtaining information on a wide variety of aquifer physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics. A push‐pull test consists of the pulse‐type injection of a prepared test solution into a single monitoring well followed by the extraction of the test solution/ground water mixture from the same well. The test solution contains a conservative tracer and one or more reactants selected to investigate a particular process. During the extraction phase, the concentrations of tracer, reactants, and possible reaction products are measured to obtain breakthrough curves for all solutes. This paper presents a simplified method of data analysis that can be used to estimate a first‐order reaction rate coefficient from these breakthrough curves. Rate coefficients are obtained by fitting a regression line to a plot of normalized concentrations versus elapsed time, requiring no knowledge of aquifer porosity, dispersivity, or hydraulic conductivity. A semi‐analytical solution to the advective‐dispersion equation is derived and used in a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the ability of the simplified method to estimate reaction rate coefficients in simulated push‐pull tests in a homogeneous, confined aquifer with a fully‐penetrating injection/extraction well and varying porosity, dispersivity, test duration, and reaction rate. A numerical flow and transport code (SUTRA) is used to evaluate the ability of the simplified method to estimate reaction rate coefficients in simulated push‐pull tests in a heterogeneous, unconfined aquifer with a partially penetrating well. In all cases the simplified method provides accurate estimates of reaction rate coefficients; estimation errors ranged from 0.1 to 8.9% with most errors less than 5%. In an example application, the method is used to estimate reaction rate coefficients for a microbiological process (denitrification) using data from field push‐pull tests performed in a petroleum‐contaminated, unconfined alluvial aquifer.
Fibrin tissue adhesive and glass ceramic strut for ossicular chain replacement. Electrophysiologic and histologic findings. (1985)

The tolerance of the inner ear to fibrin tissue adhesive was tested. In experimental surgery on thirty-four chinchilla ears, Fibrin Sealant was applied to the inner ear contents by closing the oval window with a connective tissue graft dipped in the adhesive and gluing a Macor glass ceramic strut between this graft and tympanic membrane. No inner ear changes or tissue damage were found. The loss in auditory sensitivity monitored by auditory brain stem response thresholds was commensurate with the amount of loss to be expected with ossicular chain replacement. The findings suggest that this tissue glue can be safely applied to the labyrinth.
Managing Customer Opt-Outs in a Complex Global Environment. (2004)

Abstract. The day to day rhetoric associated with spam control focuses on measures, technology, rules or fees to impose order or control. These efforts concentrate on the broad range of messages throughout the internet in the hope that by reducing or stopping the flow of ‘spam ’ the problem of spam will be solved. This is analogous to fighting a fire when it is at its apex rather than preventing it in the first place. IBM’s opt-out management application, The Global E-mail Cleansing System (GECS), and the associated business process attempts to control the e-mail communications between the enterprise and its constituencies. This increases the satisfaction of its customers while ensuring that, at least in the case of IBM’s communications, customers and others can feel confident that IBM is doing its best to ensure their privacy is respected. 1
An estrogen receptor α suppressor, microRNA‐22, is downregulated in estrogen receptor α‐positive human breast cancer cell lines and clinical samples (2010)

Previous studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play important roles in tumorigenesis, but little is known about the functions of most miRNAs in cancer development. In the present study, we set up a cell-based screen using a luciferase reporter plasmid carrying the whole approximately 4.7 kb 3'-UTR of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) mRNA cotransfected with a synthetic miRNA expression library to identify potential ERalpha-targeting miRNAs. Among all the miRNAs, miR-22 was found to repress robustly the luciferase signal in both HEK-293T and ERalpha-positive MCF-7 cells. Mutation of the target site was found to abrogate this repression effect of miR-22, whereas antagonism of endogenous miR-22 in MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in elevated reporter signals. We assessed the miR-22 expression patterns in five breast cancer cell lines and 23 clinical biopsies and revealed that there is a significant inverse association between the miR-22 levels and ERalpha protein expression. To evaluate the potential of miR-22 as a potential therapeutic intervention, we found that reduction of endogenous ERalpha protein levels and suppression of cancer cell growth could be achieved in MCF-7 cells by miR-22 overexpression in a way that can be recapitulated by the introduction of specific small interfering RNA against ERalpha. The phenomena can be rescued by the reintroduction of ERalpha. Taken together, our data indicate that miR-22 was frequently downregulated in ERalpha-positive human breast cancer cell lines and clinical samples. Direct involvement in the regulation of ERalpha may be one of the mechanisms through which miR-22 could play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
Preparation and copolymerization of divalent metal salts of ethylene glycol–methacrylate–phthalate (1973)

Abstract Divalent metal salts of ethylene glycol–methacrylate–phthalate (EMP) were prepared by the reaction of EMP and divalent metal ions in aqueous solution. The divalent metal salts obtained, except for the Pb salt, have melting points which decrease in the order of Ca > Ba > Mg > Zn > Cd salt. The Zn and Cd salts are fairly soluble in most organic solvents. Therefore, the Zn salt and Cd salt were selected for the copolymerization with MMA, styrene (St), and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). In the copolymerization, the rates of copolymerization increased markedly as the concentration of metal salts increased. Moreover, the systems containing MMA copolymerized more rapidly than those containing St. As for the physical properties of the copolymers obtained, compressive strength and Rockwell hardness were improved by introducing metal salts into the polymers; and heat distortion temperature and tensile and flexural strengths were also improved by selecting the most suitable concentration of metal salts according to the species of metal salts and vinyl monomers. The TGA and the boiling water resistance of the copolymers were also discussed.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Enhanced Expression of Paxillin during Neuronal Differentiation in Vitro (1996)

Tyrosine phosphorylation has been implicated as a means by which neurite outgrowth is regulated. Because paxillin is a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein that may play a role in regulating cell morphology, we examined its expression in neuronal cells and how its tyrosine phosphorylation is related to neurite outgrowth. Paxillin was identified in several neuronal cell lines with an increased level upon differentiation. In SH-SY5Y cells, paxillin was localized along with actin filaments where processes extended from the cell body and in neuritic growth cones. Furthermore, paxillin was tyrosine-phosphorylated in SH-SY5Y cells upon adhesion to laminin. Paxillin tyrosine phosphorylation paralleled that of focal adhesion kinase and occurred as cell spreading, and neurite formation was initiated. Colchicine blocked neurite outgrowth but had no effect on cell spreading or on paxillin or focal adhesion kinase tyrosine phosphorylation. In contrast, cytochalasin D eliminated neurite outgrowth, cell spreading, and the tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase. These results show that paxillin is tyrosine-phosphorylated upon integrin ligand binding in neuronal cells. Our findings suggest that paxillin tyrosine phosphorylation is linked to a remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton that leads to cell spreading and neurite formation and thus a differentiated neuronal phenotype.