gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Aβ and Memory in the Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2002)

Transgenic mice expressing mutant amyloid precursor proteins (APPs) have provided important new information about the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) histopathology. However, the molecular basis of memory loss in these mice is poorly understood. One of the major impediments has been the difficulty of distinguishing between age-dependent and age-independent behavioral changes. To address this issue we studied in parallel two lines of APP transgenic mice expressing comparable levels of mutant and wild-type human APP. This enabled us to identify age-independent behavioral deficits that were not specifically related to mutant APP expression. When mice with age-independent deficits were eliminated, we detected memory loss in transgenic mice expressing mutant APP (Tg2576 mice) starting at approximately 6 months, which coincided with the appearance of detergent-insoluble Abeta aggregates (Abeta(insol)). Genetically accelerating the formation of Abeta(insol) resulted in an earlier onset of memory decline. A facile interpretation of these results, namely that memory loss and Abeta(insol) were closely connected, was rejected when we extended our analysis to include older mice. No obvious correspondence between memory and Abeta(insol) was apparent in a combined group of old and young mice unless the mice were stratified by age, whereupon inverse correlations between memory and Abeta(insol) became evident. These results suggested that Abeta(insol) is a surrogate marker for small assemblies of Abeta that disrupt cognition and occur as intermediates during Abeta(insol) formation, and they are the first descriptive in vivo data supporting their role in impairing memory. These studies also provide a methodological framework within which to investigate these Abeta assemblies in vivo.
51. 5-Amino-1-aryl-3-methylpyrazoles (1941)

F. Bell, J. Chem. Soc., 1941, 285 DOI: 10.1039/JR9410000285
tGBS® genotyping-by-sequencing enables reliable genotyping of heterozygous loci (2017)

Conventional genotyping-by-sequencing (cGBS) strategies suffer from high rates of missing data and genotyping errors, particularly at heterozygous sites. tGBS® genotyping-by-sequencing is a novel method of genome reduction that employs two restriction enzymes to generate overhangs in opposite orientations to which (single-strand) oligos rather than (double-stranded) adaptors are ligated. This strategy ensures that only double-digested fragments are amplified and sequenced. The use of oligos avoids the necessity of preparing adaptors and the problems associated with inter-adaptor annealing/ligation. Hence, the tGBS protocol simplifies the preparation of high-quality GBS sequencing libraries. During polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, selective nucleotides included at the 3'-end of the PCR primers result in additional genome reduction as compared to cGBS. By adjusting the number of selective bases, different numbers of genomic sites are targeted for sequencing. Therefore, for equivalent amounts of sequencing, more reads per site are available for SNP calling. Hence, as compared to cGBS, tGBS delivers higher SNP calling accuracy (>97-99%), even at heterozygous sites, less missing data per marker across a population of samples, and an enhanced ability to genotype rare alleles. tGBS is particularly well suited for genomic selection, which often requires the ability to genotype populations of individuals that are heterozygous at many loci.
Surface Defect Detection Algorithm of Aluminum Based on Improved Faster RCNN (2021)

There are some problems in the surface defect detection of industrial aluminum products, such as small defect samples, extreme length-to-width ratio of defect, low precision of small defect detection, etc. To solve these problems, an aluminum surface defect detection algorithm is proposed based on improved Faster RCNN. The number of defect samples is increased by data augmentation, and the residual network ResNet50 is employed as the backbone feature extraction network to extract aluminum defect features. Then the path enhancement feature pyramid network (PAFPN) is added to the backbone feature extraction network to form a multi-scale feature map which strengthens the utilization of feature information from the lower layers. Soft non-maximum suppression (Soft-NMS) is used to further improve the detection performance of the algorithm. Results show that the mean average accuracy (mAP) of the proposed algorithm is 78.8%, which is 2.2% higher than the original algorithm.
Buffer and Channel Sharing by Several Interframe<i>Picturephone</i>® Coders (1972)

Simulations are described which test the feasibility of several conditional replenishment type Picturephone coders sharing the same transmission channel. Channel sharing takes advantage of the fact that many different users are rarely in rapid motion at the same time. Thus, when the data from several sources is averaged together prior to transmission, it is much more uniform than that from a single source. Since the peaks in the averaged data are smaller than with a single source, less buffering is required, and the channel rate required for transmission is much closer to the average data rate generated. Results indicate that by combining twelve sources prior to transmission, a 2:1 reduction in the bit rate of the system described by Candy, et al., <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> can be obtained. This means that twelve Picturephone sources could share a 12 megabits per second (one way) transmission facility.
Excimer laser ablation of microstructures: A numerical model (1999)

A new model for the ablation of microstructures with excimer laser radiation is presented. The model is based on an interactive two-step approach. The local distribution of the light over the developing structure is evaluated for each pulse. This distribution is then used to calculate the local etch rate, and hence the change to the structure. Despite the assumptions inherent in the model, in particular assumptions made about the propagation of the light through a developing structure and about the etching behavior of the materials, results from the model agree with actual aspects of ablated structures. The model has been used with some success to predict the wall angles of trench structures ablated using partially coherent illumination from a fly’s eye homogenizer. Predictions of the model show good agreement with the experiment results. In particular, the model correctly predicts the variation of the wall angles with incident fluence and also predicts structures with well defined wall angles over depths much greater than the depth of focus of the image.
Simple analytical description of performance of <i>Y</i> -junctions (1992)

Simple analytical expressions, describing the performance of the Y-junction as a function of only one parameter, the mode conversion factor (MCF), are derived. The expressions are based on numerical studies of Y-junctions with varying MCFs by means of the finite-difference beam propagation method (FDBPM). The simple expressions are compared with published switching curves of electro-optic Y-junction switches and found to be in excellent agreement.
Expression of a β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 inhibitor prevents the development of myocardial failure in gene-targeted mice (1998)

Heart failure is accompanied by severely impaired beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) function, which includes loss of betaAR density and functional uncoupling of remaining receptors. An important mechanism for the rapid desensitization of betaAR function is agonist-stimulated receptor phosphorylation by the betaAR kinase (betaARK1), an enzyme known to be elevated in failing human heart tissue. To investigate whether alterations in betaAR function contribute to the development of myocardial failure, transgenic mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of either a peptide inhibitor of betaARK1 or the beta2AR were mated into a genetic model of murine heart failure (MLP-/-). In vivo cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Both MLP-/- and MLP-/-/beta2AR mice had enlarged left ventricular (LV) chambers with significantly reduced fractional shortening and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. In contrast, MLP-/-/betaARKct mice had normal LV chamber size and function. Basal LV contractility in the MLP-/-/betaARKct mice, as measured by LV dP/dtmax, was increased significantly compared with the MLP-/- mice but less than controls. Importantly, heightened betaAR desensitization in the MLP-/- mice, measured in vivo (responsiveness to isoproterenol) and in vitro (isoproterenol-stimulated membrane adenylyl cyclase activity), was completely reversed with overexpression of the betaARK1 inhibitor. We report here the striking finding that overexpression of this inhibitor prevents the development of cardiomyopathy in this murine model of heart failure. These findings implicate abnormal betaAR-G protein coupling in the pathogenesis of the failing heart and point the way toward development of agents to inhibit betaARK1 as a novel mode of therapy.
More than a Gel & Hyaluronic Acid, a Central Component in the Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer (2018)

Hyaluronic acid or hyaluronan (HA) is a major stromal component and its accumulation has been shown to play a central role in promoting tumourigenesis and progression of disease. Thus, overexpression of HA in tumours is associated with poor prognosis. Therapeutic targeting of HA is therefore an attractive strategy, particularly in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), which is associated with an extremely poor prognosis and less sensitivity towards chemotherapy. PDA is characterised by a high stromal content. The accumulation of dense, fibrotic extracellular matrix components within the stroma, termed desmoplasia, results in increased tumour interstitial fluid pressure and vascular compression that impair the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic agents. While some elements of the stroma may be protective for the patient and prevent a more aggressive phenotype of PDA, a pegylated recombinant human hyaluronidase (pegvorhyaluronidase alfa) has been found to inhibit tumour growth in preclinical studies. In a clinical phase II randomised trial, the addition of pegvorhyaluronidase alfa to nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine suggested significantly longer progression-free survival in patients with advanced PDA compared with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine alone. This benefit was even more pronounced in a subgroup of patients who expressed high levels of tumour HA.
New approaches to catheter navigation for interventional radiology simulation (2006)

For over 20 years, interventional methods have improved the outcomes of patients with cardiovascular disease. However, these procedures require an intricate combination of visual and tactile feedback and extensive training. In this paper, we describe a series of novel approaches that have led to the development of a high-fidelity simulation system for interventional neuroradiology. In particular, we focus on a new approach for real-time deformation of devices such as catheters and guidewires during navigation inside complex vascular networks. This approach combines a real-time incremental Finite Element Model (FEM), an optimization strategy based on substructure decomposition, and a new method for handling collision response in situations where the number of contact points is very large. We also briefly describe other aspects of the simulation system, from patient-specific segmentation to the simulation of contrast agent propagation and fast volume-rendering techniques for generating synthetic X-ray images in real time. Although currently targeted at stroke therapy, our results are applicable to the simulation of any interventional radiology procedure.
Apparent diffusion coefficient-dependent voxelwise computed diffusion-weighted imaging: An approach for improving SNR and reducing<i>T</i><sub>2</sub>shine-through effects (2015)

vcDWI is a promising approach for the reduction of T2 shine-through effects and improvement of SNR and CNR in DWI. The clinical significance of these improvements, especially regarding lesion detection, needs to be evaluated in larger prospective clinical studies.
Textile-, conductive paint-based wearable devices for physical activity monitoring (2013)

The paper addresses two issues: the definition of a Global Activity (GlA) index for the physical activity of persons, and the development of a sensor on textile substrate and of the related front end circuitry for destined to health monitoring. Preliminary experimental results are reported.
Introduction (1997)

It all began so well, when in 1949 the young Oxford economist told the South Gloucestershire selection-meeting that socialism to him was about opportunity and outcome most of all: the 'ultimate ideal of Soc[ialism] seems to me essentially a moral, & not a. material one. It is nothing to do with nationalisation of means of production, nothing to do with any one particular economic policy. It is something to do with a just and moral and equal society, in wh[ich] it's no longer true that half the people live in cramped ugly houses and the other half in spacious beautiful ones, in wh[ich] half the people leave school at 15 to go into factories & the other half have all the advantages of Eton & Oxford.'1 Crosland's socialism was equality and upgrading. Crosland's future was empowerment and integration.KeywordsSocial EqualityAmbitious WorkLocal Authority HousingBritish PoliticsEqual SocietyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas over Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalysts Prepared by a Modified Sol−Gel Method (2009)

Ni/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method (IM), sol−gel method (SG), and modified sol−gel method (MSG). The effects of the preparation methods on the catalytic performances in the partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by N2-adsopriton, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) in order to investigate the textural properties, crystalline structures, reduction properties, and carbon deposition behaviors. The results revealed that the modified SG method improved the specific surface area and pore volume. The catalytic performance of the Ni/Al2O3 catalysts was improved by the MSG method. Moreover, the structural stability in the reaction and the resulting resistance to carbon deposition was significantly enhanced by the MSG method. It was proposed that the high resistance to carbon deposition of catalysts resulting from the MSG method was related to the inhibition of Ni particles growth in the reaction of POM and the formation of the active amorphous carbon species.
Interaction of the β sliding clamp with MutS, ligase, and DNA polymerase I (2001)

The beta and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) sliding clamps were first identified as components of their respective replicases, and thus were assigned a role in chromosome replication. Further studies have shown that the eukaryotic clamp, PCNA, interacts with several other proteins that are involved in excision repair, mismatch repair, cellular regulation, and DNA processing, indicating a much wider role than replication alone. Indeed, the Escherichia coli beta clamp is known to function with DNA polymerases II and V, indicating that beta also interacts with more than just the chromosomal replicase, DNA polymerase III. This report demonstrates three previously undetected protein-protein interactions with the beta clamp. Thus, beta interacts with MutS, DNA ligase, and DNA polymerase I. Given the diverse use of these proteins in repair and other DNA transactions, this expanded list of beta interactive proteins suggests that the prokaryotic beta ring participates in a wide variety of reactions beyond its role in chromosomal replication.
Design Considerations for Space Communication (1959)

With the advent of Russian and American artificial earth satellites, the use of such vehicles for communication purposes has been the subject of considerable study both by military and commercial organizations in the communications field. The purpose of this paper is to delineate the problems involved in space communication, the assumptions that must be made and the technical limitations which determine the communication system that should be used for a particular time frame. Some characteristics for an optimum system are stated. Some technical characteristics of the first successful satellite communication system are given.
Economic perspectives in test automation (2006)

Testing is a major cost factor in software development. Test automation has been proposed as one solution to reduce these costs. Test automation tools promise to increase the number of tests they run and the frequency at which they run them. So why not automate every test? In this paper we discuss the question "When should a test be automated?" and the trade-off between automated and manual testing. We reveal problems in the overly simplistic cost models commonly used to make decisions about automating testing. We introduce an alternative model based on opportunity cost and present influencing factors on the decision of whether or not to invest in test automation. Our aim is to stimulate discussion about these factors as well as their influence on the benefits and costs of automated testing in order to support researchers and practitioners reflecting on proposed automation approaches.
Improving Security of SDDL Designs through Interleaved Placement on Xilinx FPGAs (2011)

Implementations of mathematically secure cryptographic algorithms leak information through side channels during run time. Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attacks exploit power leakage to obtain the secret information. Dynamic and Differential Logic (DDL), one of the popular countermeasures against DPA attacks, tries to achieve constant power consumption thereby decor relating the leakage with the data being processed. Separated Dynamic and Differential Logic (SDDL), a variant of DDL, achieves this goal by duplicating the original design into Direct and Complementary parts which exhibit constant switching activity per clock cycle and have balanced net delays. Traditionally, on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) both parts are placed side-by-side to ensure symmetrical routing. However, due to process variations both parts will have slightly different delays. This limits the effectiveness of SDDL. In this paper we introduce a design flow to achieve interleaved placement of SDDL designs on Xilinx Spartan-3E FPGAs while preserving symmetric routing. We explore several placement configurations with respect to routing and security. The results of our experiments show that a well-balanced placement of SDDL can double the effectiveness of the SDDL countermeasures on FPGAs.
Oocyte maturation under a biophoton generator improves preimplantation development of pig embryos derived by parthenogenesis and somatic cell nuclear transfer (2017)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of biophoton treatment during in vitro maturation (IVM) and/or in vitro culture (IVC) on oocyte maturation and embryonic development in pigs. An apparatus capable of generating homogeneous biophoton energy emissions was placed in an incubator. Initially, immature pig oocytes were matured in the biophoton-equipped incubator in medium 199 supplemented with cysteine, epidermal growth factor, insulin, and gonadotrophic hormones for 22 h, after which they were matured in hormone-free medium for an additional 22 hr. Next, IVM oocytes were induced for parthenogenesis (PA) or provided as cytoplasts for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Treatment of oocytes with biophoton energy during IVM did not improve cumulus cell expansion, nuclear maturation, intraoocyte glutathione content, or mitochondrial distribution of oocytes. However, biophoton-treated oocytes showed higher (p < 0.05) blastocyst formation after PA than that in untreated oocytes (50.7% vs. 42.7%). In an additional experiment, SCNT embryos produced from biophoton-treated oocytes showed a greater (p < 0.05) number of cells in blastocysts (52.6 vs. 43.9) than that in untreated oocytes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that biophoton treatment during IVM improves developmental competence of PA-and SCNT-derived embryos.
Exact matched filter bound for two-beam Rayleigh fading (1991)

The matched filter bound (MFB) is exactly evaluated for a channel modeled by the sum of two delayed and independently Rayleigh-fading beams. It is shown that, if the two beams have comparable average powers, and if the delay spread is moderate or large, then considerable gain is obtained from a diversity-like effect. That is, it is as if the two beams could be detected separately and their results combined. This is true even though significant interference would seem to be present between the beams.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent developments in the synthetic uses of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleRecent developments in the synthetic uses of chlorosulfonyl isocyanateJerald K. Rasmussen and Alfred HassnerCite this: Chem. Rev. 1976, 76, 3, 389–408Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60301a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60301a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1786Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Numerically modelling blockage effects on the flow between flat plates (2004)

Results are reported for a two-dimensional numerical investi-gation of the effect of various semi-circular blockages on the laminar flow between two plates, for Reynolds number between 50 and 3000, and blockage ratio ranging from 0.05 to 0.9. The study is undertaken with the intention of providing a fundamen-tal understanding of blockage effects in arterial constrictions, or stenoses. The results with blockage ratio of 0.5 compare favourably with previous work on the flow over a backward-facing step. The two-dimensional parameter space for Reynolds number and blockage ratio is also mapped out. The analysis suggests that the onset of three-dimensionality of the flow is likely to be closely matched with that previously established for backward-facing step flow. Flow phenomena associated with blockage ratios above and below the customary half-blockage are summarised, including smaller-than-expected flow separa-tion lengths for lower blockages, and vortex shedding and un-usual structures within the recirculation zones for higher block-ages.