gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analyses for Critical Designs of Low-Cost Wafer-Level Chip Scale Packages (2014)

With the advantages of high performance and low cost, the wafer-level chip scale package (WLCSP) is widely used in integrated circuit fabrication today with rapidly growing demand in the semiconductor packaging industry. As WLCSP moves toward thinner, smaller, lower cost, and fine-pitch package designs to meet the increasing requirements of electronic products, a lot of challenges need to be overcome. The most important challenge is preventing failure and enhancing package reliability. To understand the mechanical behaviors of WLCSP, comprehensive finite-element analyses (FEAs) for various WLCSP structures, including the general design with one under-bump-metallurgy layer, one redistribution layer (RDL), and two polymer layers on a passivated wafer (called 2P2M WLCSP in this paper, which means that there are two polymer layers and two metal layers on the passivated wafer), the low-cost designs of 2P1M WLCSP (with two polymer layers and only one RDL on a passivated wafer) as well as 1P1M WLCSP (with only one polymer layer and one RDL on a passivated wafer) were carried out. Different parameters in WLCSP were investigated to look for critical factors that impact the corresponding stresses. Moreover, the board level reliability thermal cycling test that followed JEDEC standard was used, which suggested that the solder cracks were observed mostly near the intermetallic compound layer in WLCSP structures and aligned with the FEA results. Hence, by employing reliable modeling, not only can the critical factors that affect the stress responses be obtained but also can the proper parameters to provide the best reliability in WLCSP be determined. This paper offers a good reference and can effectively serve as design guidelines in cases of significant factor selection analyses on WLCSP designs.
Experimentation Support for Cyber Security Evaluations (2016)

To improve the information assurance of mission execution over modern IT infrastructure, new cyber defenses need to not only provide security benefits, but also perform within a given cost regime. Current approaches for validating and integrating cyber defenses heavily rely on manual trial-and-error, without a clear and systematic understanding of security versus cost tradeoffs. Recent work on model-based analysis of cyber defenses has led to quantitative measures of the attack surface of a distributed system hosting mission critical applications. These metrics show great promise, but the cost of manually creating the underlying models is an impediment to their wider adoption. This paper describes an experimentation framework for automating multiple activities associated with model construction and validation, including creating ontological system models from real systems, measuring and recording distributions of resource impact and end-to-end performance overhead values, executing real attacks to validate theoretic attack vectors found through analytic reasoning, and creating and managing multi-variable experiments.
Constitutive activation of the Wnt canonical pathway in mantle cell lymphoma (2008)

Aberrations of the Wnt canonical pathway (WCP) are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of various types of cancer. We hypothesize that these defects may exist in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Both the upstream and downstream aspects of WCP were examined in MCL cell lines and tumors. Using WCP-specific oligonucleotide arrays, we found that MCL highly and consistently expressed Wnt3 and Wnt10. beta-catenin, a transcriptional factor that is a downstream target of WCP, is localized to the nucleus and transcriptionally active in all 3 MCL cell lines examined. By immunohistochemistry, 33 (52%) of 64 MCL tumors showed nuclear localization of beta-catenin, which significantly correlated with the expression of the phosphorylated/inactive form of GSK3beta (p-GSK3beta; P = .011, Fisher). GSK3beta inactivation is directly linked to WCP stimulation, since addition of recombinant sFRP proteins (a naturally occurring decoy for the Wnt receptors) resulted in a significant decrease in p-GSK3beta. Down-regulation of DvL-2 (an upstream signaling protein in WCP) by siRNA or selective inhibition of beta-catenin using quercetin significantly decreased cell growth in MCL cell lines. To conclude, WCP is constitutively activated in a subset of MCL and it appears to promote tumorigenesis in MCL.
Exposure–response relationship of AMG 386 in combination with weekly paclitaxel in recurrent ovarian cancer and its implication for dose selection (2011)

Increased exposure to AMG 386 was associated with improved clinical outcomes in recurrent ovarian cancer, supporting the evaluation of a higher dose in future studies.
Combined millimeter-wave near-field microscope and capacitance distance control for the quantitative mapping of sheet resistance of conducting layers (1998)

We present a dual-frequency electromagnetic scanning probe and apply it for quantitative mapping of the sheet resistance of conducting films. The high-frequency (82 GHz) mode is used for image acquisition, while the low-frequency (5 MHz) mode is used for distance control. We measure magnitude and phase of the near-field microwave reflectivity from conducting films of varying thickness and develop a model which accounts fairly well for our results. This brings us to a quantitative understanding of the contrast in the microwave near-field imaging using an aperture probe, and allows us to achieve quantitative contactless characterization of conducting layers with sheet resistance even below 2 Ω.
Run-time users/applications interaction analysis for power consumption optimization (2013)

Personal and mobile computing systems represents nowadays one of the biggest market segment and fastest adopted products. The importance of saving power for these handheld devices is critical. The benefits are increasing battery life and system reliability. In these systems, power not only goes to the processing elements but also to Input/Output (IO) subsystem such communication peripherals and LCD display. In this paper, we propose a new tool that offers exploiting user's information such as its position, needs and history to reduce energy consumption.
Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer (2009)

Immunotherapy is a conceptually attractive approach, because it is highly specific and can deal with disseminated disease with minimal impact on normal tissues. Ability to induce antigen-specific immune responses in patients with lung cancer is now well established in early-phase clinical trials using a variety of immunotherapeutic approaches. Although no immunotherapy is likely to be a panacea, randomized phase IIB studies offer promise of therapeutic activity in both early- and late-stage lung cancer. This review will cover basic concepts of immunotherapy, provide perspective on vaccine development, and update the status of ongoing clinical trials in lung cancer.
Configuration Model for Network Management (2006)

As today’s networks increase in size and complexity and new network services are deployed, the management becomes more complex and error-prone and the configurations can become inconsistent. To enforce the configuration consistence and integrity, it is necessary to enhance the validation capabilities of the management tools. The Meta-CLI Model presented in this paper captures the dependences among the configuration components and the network service properties and translates them into validation rules. It also translates the device configuration information into tree-like models and checks their integrity and consistence using theses rules.
Performance Impact of Advance Reservations from the Grid on Backfill Algorithms (2007)

Advance reservations are important to guarantee the quality of services of grid jobs. However, the influence of AR from the grid on local parallel schedulers is not clearly known. EASY backfill and conservative backfill are two important parallel scheduling algorithms. This paper examined their procedures to support AR, evaluated their performances impacted from AR by using discrete event simulations with real trace from the parallel workload archive. Results show that as AR request increases, EASY backfill is preferable with higher utilization and lower average expansion factor and average weighted response time for both of local and AR grid jobs. The use of conservative backfill typically provides both of local jobs and AR grid jobs improved predictability and certainty, at the cost of lower utilization and degraded performance for both of local and AR grid jobs.
Commitment strategies in planning: a comparative analysis (1991)

In this paper we compare the utility of different commitment strategies in planning. Under a &amp;quot;least commitment strategy&amp;quot;, plans are represented as partial orders and operators are ordered only when interactions are detected. We investigate claims of the inherent advantages of planning with partial orders, as compared to planning with total orders. By focusing our analysis on the issue of operator ordering commitment, we are able to carry out a rigorous comparative analysis of two planners. We show that partial-order planning can be more efficient than total-order planning, but we also show that this is not necessarily so. 1
Light-Field DVR on GPU for Streaming Time-Varying Data (2018)

Direct Volume Rendering (DVR) of volume data can be a memory intensive task in terms of footprint and cache-coherency. Rayguided methods may not be the best option to interactively render to light-fields due to feedback loops and sporadic sampling, and pre-computation can rule out time-varying data. We present a pipelined approach to schedule the rendering of sub-regions of streaming time-varying volume data while minimising intermediate sub-buffers needed, sharing the work load between CPU and GPU. We show there is significant advantage to using such an approach.
Interaction of [<sup>3</sup>H]bongkrekic acid with the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of [3H]bongkrekic acid with the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocatorGuy J. M. Lauquin and Pierre V. VignaisCite this: Biochemistry 1976, 15, 11, 2316–2322Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00656a011https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00656a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Integrated Intrusion Detection and Prevention System with Honeypot in Cloud Computing (2018)

Most organisations are now migrating their services into the cloud to offer a more flexible, open, mobile and ubiquitous service. However, this also brings more exposure to security threats, cyber attacks and difficulties in reliability and safety. The proposed plan is to deploy a Honeypot in the Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS) model in order to guarantee enhanced performance, expanded level of security in the Cloud computing environment and reduction in the dangers to the Cloud environment - by focusing on the issue of how the information is stored in the Cloud. The proposed framework is viable and the model effective, in terms of utilisation of the coordinated IDPS and Honeypot by an organization. The framework described uses both Anomaly Detection (AD) and Signature Detection (SD) in collaboration, to identify different attacks and deny them access through the use of the proposed Intrusion Prevention System (IPS). The objective of this report is to highlight, recognize and entrap internal intruders by the use of the Honeypot.
Frequent methylation of Vimentin in well-differentiated gastric carcinoma. (2009)

In gastric carcinomas, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was significantly methylated compared to poorly differentiated.
Epitaxial ferromagnetic MnAs thin films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on GaAs: Structure and magnetic properties (1994)

We have studied structural and magnetic properties of epitaxial MnAs thin films with various thicknesses (L=1.0–200 nm) on GaAs substrates. The MnAs thin films were grown at 200–250 °C on an As-rich disordered c(4×4) (001) GaAs surface by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). The growth direction of the MnAs was found to be along the [1̄100] axis of the hexagonal unit cell. X-ray spectra of the MnAs at room temperature have two peaks, indicating that the present MBE-grown MnAs films consist of the hexagonal ferromagnetic phase and orthorhombic paramagnetic phase. Magnetization measurements revealed that the MnAs thin films have perfectly square hysteresis characteristics with relatively high remnant magnetization Mr=300–567 emu/cm3 and low coercive field Hc=65–926 Oe, compared with those of epitaxial MnGa and MnAl thin films reported previously.
A method for monitoring the variability in nuclear absorption characteristics of aviation fuels (1988)

A technique for monitoring variability in the nuclear absorption characteristics of aviation fuels has been developed. It is based on a highly collimated low energy gamma radiation source and a sodium iodide counter. The source and the counter assembly are separated by a geometrically well-defined test fuel cell. A computer program for determining the mass attenuation coefficient of the test fuel sample, based on the data acquired for a preset counting period, has been developed and tested on several types of aviation fuel.
Simple, efficient and successful vitrification of bovine blastocysts using electron microscope grids (1999)

This study demonstrates that higher survival of vitrified-thawed bovine blastocysts can be obtained using electron microscope (EM) grids as embryo containers at freezing, rather than plastic straws. In-vitro produced day 7 bovine blastocysts after in-vitro fertilization (IVF) were vitrified on grids or in straws with EFS40 freezing solution and their survival after thawing was compared. Embryo survival was assessed as re-expanded and hatched rates at 24 and 48 h after thawing respectively. When the effects of exposure to vitrification solution and chilling injury from the freezing procedure were examined, embryo survival in the exposure group (24 h: 100, 48 h: 73.3%) was not different compared with that in the control group (100, 84.4%). After vitrification, the hatched rate of the EM grid group 48 h after thawing (67.8%) was significantly higher than that of the straw group (53.3%) (P < 0.05). Fast developing embryos (expanded blastocyst and early hatching blastocyst stage) showed better resistance to freezing than delayed ones (early blastocyst stage), irrespective of embryo containers (early: 24 h, 57.1 and 48 h, 24.4%; expanded: 84.7 and 60.6%; early hatching: 91.7 and 80.0%) (P < 0.001). When using expanded and early hatching blastocysts, embryo survival rates in the vitrification-EM grid group (67.8, 95.0% respectively) were significantly higher than that of the vitrification-straw group (53.0, 65.0%) at 48 h.
Different regulation of the Trio Dbl‐Homology domains by their associated PH domains (2003)

Guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho-GTPases (Rho-GEFs) invariably share a catalytic Dbl-Homology (DH) domain associated with a Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain, whose function in Rho-GEF activation is not well understood. Trio is the first member of an emerging family of Dbl proteins containing two Rho-GEF domains (GEFD1 and GEFD2). TrioGEFD1 activates the GTPases RhoG and Rac1, while TrioGEFD2 acts on RhoA. In this study, we have investigated the roles of the two PH domains of Trio in Rho-GEF activity. We show that TrioPH1 is required for GEFD1-mediated induction of actin cytoskeleton remodeling and JNK activation. TrioPH1 is involved both in the catalytic activity and in the subcellular localization of its associated DH domain, by acting as a cytoskeletal targeting signal. Moreover, TrioPH1 in association with DH2 activates the JNK pathway, by an unknown mechanism independent of DH2 catalytic activity. TrioPH2 does not behave as a targeting module in intact cells. TrioPH2 inhibits DH2-dependent stress fiber formation, which correlates with the TrioPH2-mediated inhibition of DH2 GEF activity. In addition, expression in the neuron-like PC12 cell line of the intact Trio protein deleted of each PH domain shows that only TrioPH1 is required for Trio-induced neurite outgrowth. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the two PH domains play a different role in the control of Trio Rho-GEF function.
Modular agent design for field bus management (2003)

The remote access to field area networks via the Internet is a suitable way to facilitate process monitoring and field bus management. With the aid of common management standards like the management protocol, SNMP, this approach also becomes field-bus-independent and interoperable with LAN technology. The only part that requires adaptation to the particular field bus under observation is the proxy device or gateway coupling LAN and field bus. To cope with the variety of field bus protocols, however a modular design of the gateway is a prerequisite. In this article we present a survey of possible alternatives along with an actual implementation of a modular SNMP agent.
New trilevel and bilevel resist systems using silyl ethers of novolak and low molecular weight resist (1986)

A new intermediate layer material, silyl ether of novolak (Si–novolak), and a new Si containing resist, silyl ether of a naphthoquinone diazide ester of novolak, Si–LMR (low molecular weight resist), have been developed for trilevel and bilevel resist systems, respectively. Si–novolak has high O2-reactive ion etching (RIE) resistivity and high solubility in nonpolar solvents, such as xylene and chlorobenzene, which cause no damage to the film of novolak. When novolak and Si–novolak are employed as the bottom and intermediate layer materials, respectively, both layers can be formed by successive coatings without baking the bottom layer. Si–novolak is easily hardened by deep UV light. Therefore, a trilevel resist can be formed by one deep UV blanket exposure and one baking step, besides coating steps. The triresist system, LMR/Si–novolak/novolak, provides 0.5 μm resist patterns with steep profiles and good line control over topography. Si–LMR is a negative deep UV resist and its sensitivity is 100 mJ/cm2. The O2-RIE selectivity of Si–LMR to AZ-2400 is larger than 15. The bilevel resist system, Si–LMR/AZ-2400, clearly generates 0.5-μm-wide patterns with an aspect ratio of 4.
Isolation of 6-, 8-, and 10-Gingerol from Ginger Rhizome by HPLC and Preliminary Evaluation of Inhibition of <i>Mycobacterium </i><i>a</i><i>vium </i>and <i>Mycobacterium </i><i>t</i><i>uberculosis</i> (1998)

Diseases caused by Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) have reached pandemic proportions with some strains being resistant to existing chemotherapies. Complex therapies requiring four to six drugs are sometimes required to prevent the emergence of resistant strains. There is a need for the discovery of new drugs or compounds that are potential drug templates that can be used to treat diseases caused by these bacteria. The research reported in this paper describes the isolation of 6-, 8-, and 10-gingerol from fresh ginger rhizome and the identification of 10-gingerol as the most active inhibitor of M. avium and M. tuberculosis in vitro. The gingerols were isolated by fractionation of a crude methylene chloride extract of fresh ginger rhizome by normal phase HPLC. Identification was based on mass spectral data. The identification of 10-gingerol was confirmed by synthesis. Keywords: Zingiber officinale; ginger; 6-gingerol; 8-gingerol; 10-gingerol; AIDS; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Minimum-phase and related properties of the response of a horizontally stratified absorptive Earth to plane acoustic waves (1965)

Abstract In a horizontally stratified absorptive earth with vertically traveling plane compressional waves, denote the Fourier transforms of the reflectivity, delayed transmissivity, and the acoustic impedance by R, T, and Z, respectively. It is shown that both Z and 1+ or -R are positive real (p-r) functions. Although R, in general, is neither p-r nor minimum phase, R&lt;1 for real frequencies. T (the transmission function referred to a time origin t 1 --the one-way traveltime through the section) is not, in general, p-r. If the absorption law is a minimum-phase function, however, then T is minimum phase. If absorption is absent, then the inverse filter for T is not only minimum phase, but is also of a finite duration equal to 2t 1 .
A Successive-Approximation Switched-Capacitor DC–DC Converter With Resolution of for a Wide Range of Input and Output Voltages (2016)

A fully integrated successive-approximation (SAR) switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converter is presented that overcomes the coarse output voltage resolution limitation of traditional SC converters. An SAR SC converter cascades multiple stages of 2:1 SC converters, and achieves a fine-grained conversion ratio resolution of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</sub> /2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sup> , where V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</sub> is the input voltage and N is the number of stages. As the SAR SC converter generates the output voltage through SAR, each stage of 2:1 SC converter provides a fixed voltage level, requiring minimal configuration change for regulation. Analysis shows that the SAR SC converter has a slow-switching-limit output impedance increasing proportionally to log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (number of resolution), and switching loss of bottom-plate parasitic capacitor decreasing with the number of stages. As a test chip, an SAR SC converter with 7 b resolution is fabricated in 180 nm CMOS process and implemented by cascading 4:1 and five 2:1 two-phase interleaving SC stages. It achieves 31.25 mV voltage resolution with output voltages over 0.4 V at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</sub> = 4 V. Using this fine grain voltage regulation approach, line and load regulations are implemented with a feedback/feedforward controller with peak efficiency of 72% for load currents from 0 to 300 μA. The test chip occupies 1.69 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and utilizes on-chip capacitors of 2.24 nF in total.