gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local Bonding Structure of High-Stress Silicon Nitride Film Modified by UV Curing for Strained Silicon Technology beyond 45 nm Node SoC Devices (2007)

Silicon nitride films (p-SiN) with different high stresses were formed by changing the monosilane-to-ammonia source gas ratio, RF power, and deposition temperature in a conventional plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). PECVD was used to deposit p-SiN films with high-stresses because it can flexibly change the stress of the film to be formed from tensile to compressive direction. The formed films were analyzed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nanoindentation, and positron-beam annihilation to obtain data on local bonding structure, mechanical properties and the behavior of vacancies in the p-SiN films. In this study, to clarify the local bonding structure of high stress SiN films, we investigated p-SiN films with and without ultraviolet (UV) curing that is effective in tensile stress. It has been confirmed that total hydrogen (Si–H+N–H) concentration decreases with increasing film stress of p-SiN films. It has been found that UV curing promotes Si–N–Si crosslinking due to dehydrogenization, leading to the formation of a stoichiometric silicon nitride, Si3N4, network structure, and the vacancies in the p-SiN films shrink during UV curing. Finally, we proposed a structural model for the local bonding arrangement in p-SiN films with UV curing.
Molecular and systemic functions of the vertebrate-specific TATA-binding protein N terminus (2013)

The invertebrate/vertebrate transition and associated innovations can be regarded as a major event in evolution. Recent molecular progresses invite to an analysis of the events leading to the apparition of vertebrates and the underlying embellishment in gene regulation. In eukaryotes, the TATA-Binding Protein (TBP) has a central role in transcription initiation of most genes. TBP is comprised of a highly conserved DNA binding domain and, in vertebrates, it also contains a novel region: the N-terminal TBP protein coding sequence. The role of the TBP-N is largely unknown, but previous studies suggest that it is important for fetal survival. Most animals lacking the TBP-N (tbp Delta N/Delta N) die before weaning. The goal of the present work was to establish a deeper knowledge of the vertebrate-specific TBP-N. It was hypothesized that TBP-N could be involved in protein-protein interactions and that the high degree of similarity of TBP-N protein sequences in different species could correlate with similar functions. To test those hypotheses, two independent approaches were taken: (1) Protein-protein interactions involving the TBP-N via unbiased screens were characterized. (2) The mouse TBP-N was replaced by a similar and homologous TBP-N, in vivo, through homologous recombination. The TBP-N-replacement mutation was characterized through pathway analyses, bioinformatics, and whole-animal physiology. Screens for proteins interacting with the TBP-N of hagfish (hf), a basal vertebrate, uncovered hfPitxA. The Pitx family of transcription factors are proteins important in vertebrate development. The mouse paralogs of hfPitxA, Pitx1 and Pitx2, were found to interact with the mouse TBP-N. Moreover, the interaction appeared functional as it regulated the expression of nppa, a known target gene of Pitx2. In vivo replacement of the mouse TBP-N with the similar hfTBP-N did not affect the survival. Gene expression analysis indicated that lipid metabolism pathways were affected in animals lacking the TBP-N or when the hfTBP-N was present. Further analyses pointed toward a potential defect in insulin response and an abnormal hepatic fat storage. The data presented here argues in favor of an important role for TBP-N in vertebrate-specific gene regulation. More specifically, it is likely involved in heart development and in regulation of lipid metabolism.
An interleaved single-stage power-factor-correction electronic ballast (2002)

An interleaved single-stage power-factor-correction (PFC) electronic ballast is presented in this paper. The proposed ballast is combined by two interleaved boost cells and a conventional half bridge DC/AC inverter. Each boost cell operates in discontinuous conduction mode so that a high power factor is achieved naturally. By exploiting the interleaving technique, the input ripple current of the electronic ballast is reduced. Theoretical analysis and experimental results for two 45-watt fluorescent lamps are presented.
Yin-yang 1 and Glucocorticoid Receptor Participate in the Stat5-mediated Growth Hormone Response of the Serine Protease Inhibitor 2.1 Gene (2000)

A growth hormone-inducible nuclear factor complex (GHINF), affinity-purified using the growth hormone response element (GHRE) from the promoter of rat serine protease inhibitor 2.1, was found to contain Stat5a and -5b, as well as additional components. The ubiquitous transcription factor yin-yang 1 (YY1) is present in GHINF. An antibody to YY1 inhibited the formation of the GHINF.GHRE complex in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Furthermore, Stat5 was co-immunoprecipitated from rat hepatic nuclear extracts with antibodies to YY1. An examination of the GHRE shows that, in addition to two gamma-activated sites, it contains a putative YY1 binding site between the two gamma-activated sites, overlapping them both. Mutation of this putative YY1 site results in a decrease of GHINF.GHRE complex formation in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and a corresponding decrease in growth hormone (GH) response in functional assays. The glucocorticoid receptor was also present in GHINF, and Stat5 co-immunoprecipitates with glucocorticoid receptor in hepatic nuclear extracts from rats treated with GH. GH activation of serine protease inhibitor 2.1 requires the unique sequence of the GHRE encompassing the recognition sites of several transcription factors, and the interaction of these factors enhances the assembly of the transcription complex.
Predicting the anterior-posterior component of ground reaction force from wearable instrumentation (2004)

Force platforms, embedded in the surface of a runway, are the ‘gold standard’ contact measurement technique for the collection of ground reaction force (GRF) data during running. However, this technique requires that data is collected in a laboratory environment and factors such as targeting and limited successive foot contacts restrict the knowledge that can be gained by this form of instrumentation.
Patterns of response to acute naloxone infusion in Tourette's syndrome (2000)

The purpose of this study was to replicate findings from an earlier pilot study in which we found a dose-related effect of the opioid antagonist naloxone on tic behavior in patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS). Fifteen subjects with TS were challenged with randomized doses (30 and 300 microg/kg) of naloxone at 3-day intervals. Videotaped recordings of tic behavior were counted in a "blind" fashion. We found that naloxone had opposite effects on tics at different dosages. The low dose caused a significant decrease in tics, whereas the high dose caused a significant increase in tics. Therefore, activity at opioid receptors appears to influence the expression of TS, and the difference in response to naloxone in TS subjects may be based on a dose-response effect.
Removal of EPI Nyquist ghost artifacts with two‐dimensional phase correction (2004)

Odd-even echo inconsistencies result in Nyquist ghost artifacts in the reconstructed EPI images. The ghost artifacts reduce the image signal-to-noise ratio and make it difficult to correctly interpret the EPI data. In this article a new 2D phase mapping protocol and a postprocessing algorithm are presented for an effective Nyquist ghost artifacts removal. After an appropriate k-space data regrouping, a 2D map accurately encoding low- and high-order phase errors is derived from two phase-encoded reference scans, which were originally proposed by Hu and Le (Magn Reson Med 36:166-171;1996) for their 1D nonlinear correction method. The measured phase map can be used in the postprocessing algorithm developed to remove ghost artifacts in subsequent EPI experiments. Experimental results from phantom, animal, and human studies suggest that the new technique is more effective than previously reported methods and has a better tolerance to signal intensity differences between reference and actual EPI scans. The proposed method may potentially be applied to repeated EPI measurements without subject movements, such as functional MRI and diffusion coefficient mapping.
A new three-step search algorithm for block motion estimation (1994)

The three-step search (TSS) algorithm has been widely used as the motion estimation technique in some low bit-rate video compression applications, owing to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, TSS uses a uniformly allocated checking point pattern in its first step, which becomes inefficient for the estimation of small motions. A new three-step search (NTSS) algorithm is proposed in the paper. The features of NTSS are that it employs a center-biased checking point pattern in the first step, which is derived by making the search adaptive to the motion vector distribution, and a halfway-stop technique to reduce the computation cost. Simulation results show that, as compared to TSS, NTSS is much more robust, produces smaller motion compensation errors, and has a very compatible computational complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compensating attenuation due to shallow gas through Q tomography and Q‐PSDM, a case study in Brazil (2011)

The presence of gas, both as shallow pockets and as commercial reservoirs, has long been recognized as a significant problem in imaging seismic data. In this paper we describe how we successfully applied Q tomography and Q‐PSDM technology to compensate the phase, frequency and amplitude loss due to shallow absorption, thus improving structure imaging and potentially accurate AVO/DHI analysis underneath shallow gas.
The pharmacology of methotrexate (2001)

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. The treatment of this condition is primarily surgical, but medical management in selected cases is safe, effective, cost-effective and eliminates the morbidity of surgery. Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate antagonist that can be used for non-oncologic purposes including the treatment of EP. The dose and duration of MTX therapy for EP is much lower than that used in oncology cases, thus reducing side effects and increasing safety. MTX selectively acts on rapidly dividing cells, such as trophoblast cells which comprise the implantation site of the early gestation. The two most common methods of administering MTX to patients with EP are im. administration of a single-dose, based on body surface area and calculated by the equation 50 mg/m(2) (without the need for leucovorin rescue), or the multiple-dose regimen of 1 mg/kg of MTX, alternating with 0.1 mg/kg of leucovorin rescue. Both methods have a similar side effect profile, resulting in the rare occurrence of nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, elevated liver function tests, anorexia and diarrhoea. The two methods yield success rates similar to those of conservative surgical therapy with similar future fertility. The potential single- and multi-dose methods have never been directly compared, but it appears that the success of multiple dosing is more effective. As the efficacy of MTX therapy is not 100%, women must be followed clinically until there is compete resolution of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) titres from their serum.
Effect of substrate surface structure on nucleation of GaAs on Si(100) (1987)

We study the effect of surface structure upon the nucleation of GaAs in molecular beam epitaxy growth on vicinal Si(100) surfaces. In general, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveals that nucleation of GaAs islands is associated with surface steps produced by the deliberate substrate misorientation. Furthermore, it is found that standard in situ cleaning of the Si surface prior to deposition can result in steps grouping together, producing local surface facets. GaAs nucleation then occurs on these facets, the nucleation sites being correspondingly further apart than for an equilibrium distribution of monolayer steps.
Blood Pressure Responses to Extremes of Sodium Intake in Normal Man (1978)

SummaryThe relationship between blood pressure and the state of salt balance was evaluated at four levels of salt intake (10 mEq/day, 300 mEq/day, 800 mEq/day, and 1500 mEq/day) in eight normal men. Increasing salt intake resulted in progressive increases in weight, blood pressure, potassium excretion, and creatinine clearance, while plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration decreased. Cardiac output increased with increasing salt intake, while calculated systemic vascular resistance decreased. The curve defining the relationship between salt excretion and blood pressure was derived. These results support the conceptual framework integrating blood pressure regulation through the final common pathway of renal salt excretion. Moreover, they underscore the importance of salt regulation in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Production of Extracellular Proteins by the Biocontrol Fungus <i>Gliocladium virens</i> (1993)

Gliocladium virens is a common saprophytic fungus that is mycoparasitic on a large number of fungi. Responses of G. virens toward its environment were examined by monitoring the presence of extracellular proteins in culture fluid during time course experiments. Culture fluid of G. virens grown on glucose, washed cell walls of Rhizoctonia solani (one of its hosts), olive oil, or chitin contained beta-glucanase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, lipase, and proteinase activities. There were relatively minor amounts of other enzymatic activities tested. Levels of extracellular enzyme activity varied with the age of the culture and the substrate used as the carbon source. Substrate-associated differences in enzyme activities were detected as early as 8 h after transfer of mycelia from stationary-phase cultures to fresh media. When G. virens was grown on host cell wall material, beta-glucanase had the greatest specific activity of any enzyme tested at 8 h. This result suggests that beta-glucanase may be the first enzyme important in the G. virens-R. solani interaction. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that some of the polypeptides were present in the culture fluid at relatively constant amounts and others accumulated early, at intermediate times, or late in the 8-day incubation test period. Several of the polypeptides present in the culture fluid during the first 24 h disappeared completely by 48 h. Consequently, it appears that extracellular proteins in cultures of G. virens are regulated by a combination of gene regulation and protein degradation.
Real-Time and Background-Free Detection of Nanoscale Particles (2006)

We introduce a background-free real-time detection scheme capable of recognizing low-index nanoparticles such as single viruses in water. The method is based on interferometrically measuring the electromagnetic field amplitude of the scattered light. A split detector is used to generate a background-free signal that renders unprecedented sensitivity for small particles. In its current configuration the sensor is capable of detecting low-index particles in water down to 10 nm in radius or single gold particles as small as 5 nm. We demonstrate the detection of such small particles in a microfluidic system with a time resolution of 1 ms and we discuss the theoretical limits of this novel detection scheme.
Dawn of the grid synchronization (2008)

In summary, the findings described in the article should serve as a base for deployment of individual roadmaps by the users and guide vendors to prioritize their development to support the grid revitalization and reliability for the 21st century.
Phenoxy resin: Characterization, solution properties, and inverse gas chromatography investigation of its potential miscibility with other polymers (1989)

Abstract A commercial sample of a copolymer of bisphenol‐A and epichlorohydrin (Phenoxy) has been carefully fractionated in a dioxane/methanol mixture. Mark‐Houwink constants in THF and the molecular weight distribution of the raw material have been obtained on the basis of the universal calibration procedure. Conformational magnitudes such as the characteristic ratio C ∞ or the steric factor σ have been determined from viscometric data at 63°C in a good (dioxane) and a θ‐solvent (1,2‐dichloroethane). Inverse gas chromatography was used to study phenoxy miscibility with a variety of polymers. Using different probes as model compounds, the partial molar enthalpy of mixing Δ H at infinite dilution has been determined. Results were correlated with the reported miscibility of phenoxy with polyesters, polyethers, and polyoxides. A linear multiparametric correlation of Δ H with polarizabilities, dipole moments, and hydrogen bond accepting powers provides for a comprehensive analysis of other miscible systems.
Actively Q-switched tunable narrow bandwidth milli-Joule level Tm:YLF laser (2018)

A pulsed high energy and narrow bandwidth tunable Tm:YLF laser at the milli-Joule level is demonstrated. The spectral bandwidth was narrowed down to 0.15 nm FWHM, while 33 nm of tunability range between 1873 nm and 1906 nm was achieved using a pair of YAG Etalons. The laser was actively Q-switched using an acousto-optic modulator and mJ level pulse energy was measured along the whole tuning range at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. Up to 1.97 mJ of energy per pulse was achieved at a pulse duration of 37 ns at a wavelength of 1879 nm, corresponding to a peak-power of 53.2 kW and at a slope efficiency of 36 %. The combination of both high energy pulsed lasing and spectral tunability, while maintaining narrow bandwidth across the whole tunability range, enhances the laser abilities, which could enable new applications in the sensing, medical and material processing fields.
New Multi-cue Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering of Tubular Cardiovascular Samples under Physiological Conditions (2004)

In the present study we have developed a multi-cue bioreactor (MCB) that is capable of delivering a range of stimuli to assist the development of a tissue-engineered construct. The MCB provides an accurate and utilizable computer-controlled pulsatile pump and strain induction mechanism and it has the capability of applying physiological conditions to samples. The device described here emulates the pressure and straining environment found at the aortic root. This function, along with an integral perfusion and sterile containment system, allows for long-term culture and whole-tissue testing capability. Aortic and pulmonary arteries were obtained from freshly isolated porcine hearts and subjected to various loading regimens (Deltapressure/flow/force). Through analyzing data acquired by the MCB transducer array it was possible to differentiate the dynamic mechanical properties of the tissue types tested. In addition, the MCB illustrates a novel concept in cardiovascular tissue engineering: being able to support long-term tissue culture of cell-seeded substrates while they are under the influence of mechanical cues. After 7 days of pulsation in the MCB cell alignment was observed. The MCB represents a versatile model that will enable the development of tissue engineering not only for cardiovascular tissue, but for all tubular tissues such as esophageal, tracheal, and bronchial systems.
Infrared-based object tracking (2009)

Often it is necessary to track moving objects on horizontal paths. Human error and the associated cost and dangers of using humans lead to a requirement to automate this task. The system presented here was designed, built and tested. The system uses an IR beacon and a microcontroller receiver/controller module. The design consists of a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based IR transmitter and a microcontroller based IR receiver/controller. The design consisted of two main parts, the transmitter (beacon) and the receiver/controller module. The receiver was implemented with a FPGA so that the characteristics of the beacon signal could be adjusted more quickly and with greater precision. The controller module was integrated with the receivers and detailed system integration tests were performed. Measurements were collected, recorded and analyzed.
Prolactin profile in a cohort of Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients (1997)

Prolactin (PRL) is an important immunoregulatory hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Hyperprolactinaemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, clinical studies regarding the PRL level and lupus disease activity have yielded contradictory results. The aim of our present study was, therefore, to re-evaluate the association of PRL level and disease activity in SLE by analysing a larger patient cohort and following them up serially. Seventy-two consecutive SLE patients were recruited and the serum PRL level was measured at each visit. Our results showed that hyperprolactinaemia (> 500 mIU/l) occurred in 35% (25/72) of the patients. A total of 72% (18/25) of the hyperprolactinaemic patients had mild elevation (arbitrarily defined as 500-800 mIU/l) of the level only. No correlation could be found between the PRL level and various clinical and serological parameters of lupus disease activity. On serial follow-up of 44 patients, again no correlation between PRL and disease activity could be demonstrated. We conclude that hyperprolactinaemia occurs in some patients with SLE, but the serum level of PRL does not correlate with clinical or serological disease activity and is not a reliable marker for disease monitoring. The mechanism and pathoaetiological and clinical significance of hyperprolactinaemia in a small subset of SLE patients remain unclear and a longer follow-up is necessary.
A programmable discrete-time filter employing hardware-efficient two-dimensional implementation method (2014)

A programmable discrete-time (DT) filter for wideband wireless receivers is presented. A 2-dimensional DT FIR implementation method reduces the circuit complexity by creating a convolution between charge sharing and charge accumulation filters. The cascaded filter chain down-converts the input over a wide frequency band while limiting the variation in the output sample rate, which is accomplished by programming the decimation factor in proportion to the carrier frequency. The filter is fabricated in a 65 nm LP CMOS process for a proof-of-concept operation in the VHF band of 100-300 MHz. When the decimation factor is selected to be proportional to the input frequency, variations in gain and bandwidth were only 56.8-59.1 dB and 1.22-1.27 MHz. The filter rejects aliasing frequencies more than 35 dB over the wide input frequency range.