gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approach to the Patient with a Positive Serum Thyroglobulin and a Negative Radioiodine Scan after Initial Therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (2008)

The 10-yr survival of differentiated thyroid cancer is about 76-93%, and at least 10% of patients manifest tumor persistence or recurrence, depending on their disease stage, after initial therapy, which typically includes total thyroidectomy and (131)I ablation. Previously the realization of their residual/recurrent cancer often presented simultaneously with the additional surprise that they lacked pathological uptake on their diagnostic whole-body radioiodine image despite their elevated stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level, a scenario referred to as the scan-negative, Tg-positive patient. Now that serum Tg and neck ultrasonography have supplanted the diagnostic whole-body scan because of its inferior sensitivity, patients are often recognized to harbor residual disease without radioiodine imaging, and a new challenging scenario has emerged: the ultrasonography-negative, Tg-positive patient. Similarities and differences of these two patient populations aside, these Tg-positive patients are frequently encountered, and some are considered for additional (131)I therapy, although now typically after negative anatomic +/- (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging or in the setting of known or suspected distant metastases already localized by anatomic imaging. Thus, the scan-negative, Tg-positive patient of today differs from those of the past, but the term still has relevance to current practice. The optimal evaluation and treatment of these patients remain controversial, partly because many of these patients will not die from thyroid cancer, and there are no randomized trials to demonstrate that intervention could have prevented the deaths that do occur. Here a case is presented that adds the complexity of advanced age, and one approach to these challenging patients is offered.
Role of MLK3 in the Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascades (2005)

Mixed-lineage protein kinase 3 (MLK3) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase group that has been implicated in multiple signaling cascades, including the NF-kappaB pathway and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAP kinase pathways. Here, we examined the effect of targeted disruption of the murine Mlk3 gene. Mlk3(-/-) mice were found to be viable and healthy. Primary embryonic fibroblasts prepared from these mice exhibited no major signaling defects. However, we did find that MLK3 deficiency caused a selective reduction in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated JNK activation. Together, these data demonstrate that MLK3 contributes to the TNF signaling pathway that activates JNK.
Adaptive predictive control based on wavelet approximation models (2002)

Discusses approximate modelling and adaptive control of discrete time linear time-varying systems (LTVS). A novel model, the representation of LTVS in the wavelet time-frequency space, is established based on discrete wavelet transforms. The joint time-frequency properties of wavelet analysis are appropriate for describing the nonstationary characteristic of LTVS. In this model parameter estimation is fulfilled by means of some algebraic calculations. Finally, an adaptive predictive control scheme is proposed based on this representation. Simulation results demonstrate its good behaviour.
Quenching Distortion of Aluminium Castings – Improvement by Gas Cooling (2006)

For quenching of age hardenable aluminium alloys today predominantly aqueous quenching media are used, which can lead due to the Leidenfrost phenomenon to a non-uniform cooling of the parts and thus to distortion. Particularly at thin-walled or complex shaped parts local plastic deformations can occur by the uneven thermal stresses. In relation to the conventional quenching procedures in aqueous media, gas quenching exhibits a number of technological, ecological, and economical advantages. The quenching intensity can be adjusted by the variable parameters gas pressure and gas velocity as well as the kind of gas and thus can be adapted to the requirements of the part. The distortion behaviour of serial production aluminium parts was researched after high-pressure gas quenching with nitrogen 10 bar and after water quenching. Aluminium castings and forgings are considered as interesting applications of gas quenching, because of their near-net shape before age hardening. Cost savings would be possible, because of reduced distortion and therefore less reworking. Verzugsreduzierung bei der Abschreckung von Aluminium-Gussteilen Bei der Abschreckung von ausscheidungshärtbaren Aluminiumlegierungen in Wasser kommt es u. a. durch das Leidenfrost-Phänomen zum ungleichmäßigen Abkühlen der Bauteile und dadurch bedingt zu Verzug. Insbesondere bei dünnwandigen oder komplex geformten Bauteilen können lokale Verformungen durch Wärmespannungen auftreten. Im Vergleich zur herkömmlichen Wasserabschreckung bietet die Gasabschreckung technologische, ökologische und ökonomische Vorteile. Die Abschreckintensität kann durch die variablen Parameter Gasdruck und Gasgeschwindigkeit sowie Gasart den Anforderungen des Bauteils angepasst werden. Das Verzugsverhalten von Kokillengussteilen der Legierung AlSi7Mg0,3 aus der Serienfertigung wurde nach der Gasabschreckung mit Stickstoff 10 bar und nach der Wasserabschreckung untersucht. Aluminiumgussteile stellen aufgrund der endformnahen Geometrie vor der Ausscheidungshärtung eine interessante Anwendung für die Gasabschreckung dar. Durch einen verminderten Verzug entsteht weniger Nacharbeit und dadurch bedingt geringere Kosten.
Deep learning from temporal coherence in video (2009)

This work proposes a learning method for deep architectures that takes advantage of sequential data, in particular from the temporal coherence that naturally exists in unlabeled video recordings. That is, two successive frames are likely to contain the same object or objects. This coherence is used as a supervisory signal over the unlabeled data, and is used to improve the performance on a supervised task of interest. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method on some pose invariant object and face recognition tasks.
Identification of a novel inner‐core oligosaccharide structure in <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> lipopolysaccharide (2003)

The structure of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from three Neisseria meningitidis strains was elucidated. These strains were nonreactive with mAbs that recognize common inner-core epitopes from meningococcal LPS. It is well established that the inner core of meningococcal LPS consists of a diheptosyl-N-acetylglucosamine unit, in which the distal heptose unit (Hep II) can carry PEtn at the 3 or 6 position or not at all, and the proximal heptose residue (Hep I) is substituted at the 4 position by a glucose residue. Additional substitution at the 3 position of Hep II with a glucose residue is also a common structural feature in some strains. The structures of the O-deacylated LPSs and core oligosaccharides of the three chosen strains were deduced by a combination of monosaccharide analysis, NMR spectroscopy and MS. These analyses revealed the presence of a structure not previously identified in meningococcal LPS, in which an additional beta-configured glucose residue was found to substitute Hep I at the 2 position. This provided the structural basis for the nonreactivity of LPS with these mAbs. The determination of this novel structural feature identified a further degree of variability within the inner-core oligosaccharide of meningococcal LPS which may contribute to the interaction of meningococcal strains with their host.
Difficulties Experienced by Tinnitus Sufferers (1983)

Ninety-seven members of a tinnitus self-help group were asked to list the difficulties that they had as a result of their tinnitus. Seventy-two replies were returned from 22 men and 48 women (sex not reported in two cases) whose average age was 61 years. Tinnitus was associated with hearing difficulties in 53%, effects on lifestyle in 93%, effects on general health in 56%, and emotional difficulties in 70% of the sample. Getting to sleep was the most frequently mentioned difficulty, and many respondents indicated that they experienced depression, annoyance, and insecurity. The clinical application of this open-ended questionnaire are discussed.
Modeling of Thermoelectric Effects in Phase Change Memory Cells (2014)

Thermoelectric effects on phase change memory elements are computationally analyzed through 2-D rotationally symmetric finite-element simulations of reset operation on a Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> (GST) mushroom cell with 10-nm critical dimension. Temperature-dependent material parameters are used to determine the thermoelectric contributions at the junctions (Peltier heat) and within GST (Thomson heat). Thermal boundary resistances at the GST interfaces enhance the Peltier heat contribution. Peak current densities and thermal gradients are in the order of 250 MA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 50 K/nm. Overall, thermoelectric effects are shown to introduce significant voltage polarity dependence on the operation dynamics, peak temperatures, thermal gradients, volume of the molten region, energy required, and resistance contrast. Resistance contrasts of ~ 8.8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> were realized with 155 μA for the positive polarity and 245 μA for the negative polarity.
The interaction of DNA-targeted platinum phenanthridinium complexes with DNA (1998)

Cisplatin analogues were synthesised that consisted of platinum(II) diamine complexes tethered via a polymethylene chain ( n = 3, 5, 8 and 10) to a phenanthridinium cation. Both chloro and iodo leaving groups were examined. DNA adduct formation was quantitatively analysed using a linear amplification system with the plasmid pGEM-3Zf(+). This system utilised Taq DNA polymerase to extend from an oligonucleotide primer to the damage site. This damage site inhibited the extension of the DNA polymerase. The products were electrophoresed on a DNA sequencing gel enabling adduct formation to be determined at base pair resolution. The damage intensity at each site was determined by densitometry. The platinum phenanthridinium complexes were shown to damage DNA at shorter incubation times than cisplatin. To produce similar levels of damage, an 18 h incubation was required for cisplatin compared to 30 min for the n = 3 platinum phenanthridinium complexes; this indicates that the intercalating chromophore causes a large increase in the rate of platination. A reaction mechanism involving direct displacement of the chloride by the N-7 of guanine may account for the rate increase. These results indicate that further development of these compounds could lead to more effective cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
In Vitro Phosphorylation of the Cytoplasmic Domain of the Amyloid Precursor Protein by Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3β (1996)

The two pathological lesions found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients, neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques, are likely to be formed through a common pathway. Neurofibrillary tangles are intracellular aggregates of paired helical filaments, the main component of which is hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Extracellular neuritic plaques and diffuse and vascular amyloid deposits are aggregates of beta-amyloid protein, a 4-kDa protein derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Using conditions in vitro under which two proline-directed protein kinases, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), were able to hyperphosphorylate tau, GSK-3beta but not MAPK phosphorylated recombinant APPcyt. The sole site of phosphorylation in APPcyt by GSK-3beta was determined by phosphoamino acid analysis and phosphorylation of APPcyt mutant peptides to be Thr743 (numbering as for APP770). This site was confirmed by endoproteinase Glu-C digestion of APPcyt and peptide sequencing. The ability of GSK-3beta to phosphorylate APPcyt and tau provides a putative link between the two lesions and indicates a critical role of GSK-3beta in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Yaf2 Inhibits Caspase 8-mediated Apoptosis and Regulates Cell Survival during Zebrafish Embryogenesis (2006)

Rybp (DEDAF) is a member of the Rybp/Yaf2 protein family and has been shown to encode pro-apoptotic functions and to be essential for mouse embryogenesis. The related Yaf2 protein has not been studied extensively at the cellular or organismal levels. Here we describe zebrafish yaf2 (zyaf2) and show that it is widely expressed during early embryogenesis, with subsequent enrichment of transcripts in the anterior head region. Depletion of zYaf2 during embryogenesis using specific morpholinos activates a wide-spread program of apoptosis and causes developmental arrest before the one somite stage. Partial depletion of Yaf2, achieved by injecting lower dosages of morpholino, circumvents the early arrest but leads to CNS degeneration associated with excessive apoptosis. These phenotypes can be rescued by co-injection of human YAF2 mRNA with the morpholinos or by treatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor or a caspase 8-specific inhibitor. Finally, the observed activation of caspase 8 in the morphants is in accord with the ability of Yaf2 to inhibit caspase 8-mediated apoptosis in cultured cells. Our findings implicate Yaf2 as a survival factor during early zebrafish development and organogenesis. This may suggest that Yaf2 and Rybp can encode opposing functions in the regulation of apoptosis.
TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHETASE LEVELS IN <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI, SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE</i> , AND TRANSDUCTION HYBRIDS (1962)

Eisenstein, Richard B. (Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio) and Charles Yanofsky. Tryptophan synthetase levels in Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and transduction hybrids. J. Bacteriol. 83:193-204. 1962-Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli, strains K-12 and B, were found to produce low levels of tryptophan synthetase, although some hybrids, formed by the introduction of the gene cluster concerned with tryptophan synthesis from S. dysenteriae into E. coli, produced high levels of this enzyme system. A revertant obtained from a tryptophan-requiring mutant also formed high levels of tryptophan synthetase. The gene or genes responsible for high enzyme production in these strains was shown to be linked to the cluster of genes concerned with tryptophan synthesis. The cause of high enzyme production was investigated. Various lines of evidence, including stimulation of growth by tryptophan precursors, sensitivity to inhibition by 5-methyltryptophan, absence of accumulation of tryptophan, and repression of enzyme formation by anthranilic acid and tryptophan, suggested that high enzyme production in the strains examined results from a partial block in the tryptophan pathway and not from resistance to repression by tryptophan. The conversion of shikimic acid-5-phosphate to anthranilic acid appears to be the partially blocked reaction in the strains studied.
MECANT I: a six legged walking machine for research purposes in outdoor environment (2003)

The authors discuss the overall structural design of a self-contained hydraulic six-legged machine, called MECANT I, which has been constructed for studying possible applications of legged vehicles in natural environments, like forests. First, the main mechanical solutions and control hardware of the machine are presented. The systematic approach to the motion planning of a legged vehicle and some algorithmical features are discussed. The special features of the leg control are presented. The use of a simulator in the design work is discussed, and the main principles of the control software structure, which supports fast software design and testing, are presented. Some continuing research topics and the present situation are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fiducial marker placement for neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for resectable pancreatic cancer (2020)

EUS fiducial marker placement following NACRT for RPC is feasible and safe. The RPC is mobile and is affected by not only aspiration, but also food and fluid intake and bowel condition.
Simultaneous generation of spectrally distinct third harmonics in a photonic crystal fiber (2001)

By coupling femtosecond pulses at lambda - 1.55mum in a short length (Z - 95 cm) of photonic crystal fiber, we observe the simultaneous generation of two visible radiation components. Frequency-resolved optical gating experiments combined with analysis and modal simulations suggest that the mechanism for their generation is third-harmonic conversion of the fundamental pulse and its split Raman self-shifted component.
Azines: conjugation stoppers or conjugation switches (2007)

The results of B3LYP/6-31G* calculations on azines and their diene analogues indicate that the azine linkage supports conjugation between the CN double bonds, although in competition with the conjugation between the CN double bonds and lone pairs of nitrogen atoms. This additional conjugation mode significantly alters the appearance of the conjugation effects. The opportunities arising from this ability of azine molecules to switch between two types of conjugation are explored in the context of their potential applications as optical and mechano-optical molecular devices.
High-Rate Synthesis of Diamond by Plasma CVD under Higher Pressure than Atmospheric Pressure (2003)

A new microwave plasma CVD system for generating diamond is developed and the experiments for synthesizing diamond under higher pressure than atmospheric pressure are carried out. Methane concentration in hydrogen carrier gas and substrate temperatures are optimized as the most important experimental conditions for generating diamond using the CVD system. Experiments in which diamond is synthesized under higher pressure than atmospheric pressure are also carried out, and growth rates and Raman spectra are investigated. Consequently, the growth rate of diamond using this CVD system is 100 micrometers thickness per hour, which is ten times higher than when conventional low pressure CVD systems are used. It is found that the optimal methane concentration exists, which becomes higher as pressure increases. From the experimental results obtained under conditions in which the pressure is varied from 800 hPa to 3000 hPa and the other conditions are maintained at the same values, it is also found that the growth rate of diamond reaches a maximum at 1500 hPa. This result shows that optimization of the other conditions is necessary to obtain the highest growth rate of diamond at 3000 hPa.
DIGITAL RF FEEDFORWARD SYSTEMS FOR BEAM LOADING COMPENSATION IN JKJ SYNCHROTRONS (2002)

We present the concept and the design of the highspeed digital RF feedforward systems for beam loading compensation in the synchrotrons of JAERI-KEK Joint Project (JKJ). JKJ synchrotrons are high intensity proton synchrotrons accelerating up to 3 and 50 GeV, in which beam loading compensation systems are necessary. Beam loading compensation is to be realized by full-digital RF feedforward systems. We describe the implementation details of the feedforward systems. The system consists of a down-converter, digital filters, and an up-converter. We present two possible implementations of the filters; one uses commercially available ASIC filter chips and the other uses FPGA.
SIGNALLING TURNS TO MICROELECTRONICS (1981)

Progress in signalling has come in spurts as new technologies were applied and accepted. The next barrier is how to apply microelectronics to wayside controls. At least one railroad has taken the first step.
Plasma‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition and Characterization of Boron Nitride Films (1994)

Boron nitride films were deposited in a single‐wafer plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system using two different reactant gas chemistries: (i) dilute diborane (1% in nitrogen), nitrogen and ammonia; (ii) borazine, and nitrogen as precursor materials. Variations of deposition rates, thickness uniformities, refractive indexes, wet and plasma dry etch rates, film stress, and electrical properties were studied as a function of the corresponding deposition parameters. Several analytical methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nuclear reaction analysis, elastic recoil detection analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the deposited films. Electrical properties were measured using metal‐insulator‐metal and metal‐insulator‐semiconductor structures. The stable boron nitride films do not react with water vapor showing dielectric constant values between 4.0 and 4.7. These good insulators also show promising characteristics for potential applications in high‐performance ultralarge scale integration fabrication.
Rapid Prototyping of Clarkson's Lattice Reduction for MIMO Detection (2009)

This paper presents the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of a variant of the Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz (LLL) lattice reduction (LR) algorithm, known as the Clarkson's Algorithm (CA), and its application to uncoded multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) detection. The CA provides practically the same performance as the LLL algorithm while having a considerably lower complexity, especially for MIMO systems with a large number of transmit and receive antennas. The algorithm has been implemented in real-time using a rapid prototyping methodology, greatly reducing its development time. Implementation results indicate that the variable complexity and the sequential nature of LR algorithms, like the CA, remain their main drawbacks from an implementation point of view.
Employment Relations in Singapore: National Characteristics and Resilience (2000)

This paper proposes that the employment relations in Singapore can be best described in terms of an employment-driven employment relations regime, as opposed to what can be termed the conventional industrial relations regime. An employment-driven employment relations regime requires the full cooperation of the three main actors, namely the unions, employers and the government. A trade union that is employment-driven would set wages at levels that maximise employment and also enhance workers' employability via emphasis on skills training and company competitiveness. This implies that workers under such an employment relations regime would enjoy free ridership, leading to a loss of union members for the employment-driven trade unions. To prevent a fall in trade union membership, employment-driven trade unions must provide substantial non-collective bargaining benefits. Thus this paper deals with the nature of the employment-driven regime, the impact on trade unionism and the provision of non-collective bargaining benefits, as well as the linkage between union membership and collective bargaining in such a regime.