gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces hepatic steatosis in viral hepatitis and after alcohol intake (2005)

Background and aims: Tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in transformed cells and is considered as an agent for cancer therapy. As there is evidence that TRAIL is also essential for apoptosis in animal models of liver injury, we investigated the role of TRAIL in viral hepatitis and after alcohol consumption. Methods: Expression of TRAIL was determined by western blot analysis in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as well as in experimental acute adenoviral hepatitis and after alcohol intake in the liver of mice. To investigate the effect of FasL and TRAIL expression, we used low dose adenoviral gene transfer. Apoptosis and steatosis were assessed by TUNEL and fat red staining, and by caspase assays. Results: TRAIL was overexpressed in the liver of patients with HCV associated steatosis while acute adenoviral hepatitis resulted in upregulation of TRAIL-DR5. In contrast with FasL, TRAIL expression was harmless to healthy livers. However, in virally infected livers, TRAIL expression induced apoptosis and steatosis whereas expression of FasL only resulted in apoptosis of hepatocytes without steatosis. After alcohol intake, TRAIL expression led to hepatic steatosis, without apoptosis of hepatocytes, indicating that TRAIL mediated apoptosis and steatosis may be independently modulated after viral infection and alcohol intake. In viral hepatitis and after alcohol intake, Ad-TRAIL mediated steatosis can be inhibited by injection of a neutralising TRAIL antibody. Conclusions: We identified TRAIL as a new mediator of hepatic steatosis in viral hepatitis and after alcohol intake. Consequently, TRAIL mediated hepatotoxicity has to be considered in patients with viral hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease.
The MITE family<i>Heartbreaker</i>(<i>Hbr</i>): Molecular markers in maize (2000)

Transposable elements are ubiquitous in plant genomes, where they frequently comprise the majority of genomic DNA. The maize genome, which is believed to be structurally representative of large plant genomes, contains single genes or small gene islands interspersed with much longer blocks of retrotransposons. Given this organization, it would be desirable to identify molecular markers preferentially located in genic regions. In this report, the features of a newly described family of miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) (called Heartbreaker), including high copy number and polymorphism, stability, and preference for genic regions, have been exploited in the development of a class of molecular markers for maize. To this end, a modification of the AFLP procedure called transposon display was used to generate and display hundreds of genomic fragments anchored in Hbr elements. An average of 52 markers were amplified for each primer combination tested. In all, 213 polymorphic fragments were reliably scored and mapped in 100 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the maize inbreds B73 x Mo17. In this mapping population, Hbr markers are distributed evenly across the 10 maize chromosomes. This procedure should be of general use in the development of markers for other MITE families in maize and in other plant and animal species where MITEs have been identified.
Lipoxygenase Activity Accelerates Programmed Spore Germination in Aspergillus fumigatus (2017)

The opportunistic human pathogen <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> initiates invasive growth through a programmed germination process that progresses from dormant spore to swollen spore (SS) to germling (GL) and ultimately invasive hyphal growth. We find a lipoxygenase with considerable homology to human Alox5 and Alox15, LoxB, that impacts the transitions of programmed spore germination. Overexpression of <i>loxB</i> (<i>OE::loxB</i>) increases germination with rapid advance to the GL stage. However, deletion of <i>loxB</i> (<i>ΔloxB</i>) or its signal peptide only delays progression to the SS stage in the presence of arachidonic acid (AA); no delay is observed in minimal media. This delay is remediated by the addition of the oxygenated AA oxylipin 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) that is a product of human Alox5. We propose that <i>A. fumigatus</i> acquisition of LoxB (found in few fungi) enhances germination rates in polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich environments.
Hadamard-transform spectrometry. New analytical technique (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHadamard-transform spectrometry. New analytical techniqueJohn A. Decker, Jr.Cite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 2, 127A–134aPublication Date (Print):February 1, 1972Publication History Published online21 September 2008Published inissue 1 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60310a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60310a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Light-Controlled Self-Assembly of Semiconductor Nanoparticles into Twisted Ribbons (2010)

The collective properties of nanoparticles manifest in their ability to self-organize into complex microscale structures. Slow oxidation of tellurium ions in cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoparticles results in the assembly of 1- to 4-micrometer-long flat ribbons made of several layers of individual cadmium sulfide (CdS)/CdTe nanocrystals. Twisting of the ribbons with an equal distribution of left and right helices was induced by illumination with visible light. The pitch lengths (250 to 1500 nanometers) varied with illumination dose, and the twisting was associated with the relief of mechanical shear stress in assembled ribbons caused by photooxidation of CdS. Unusual shapes of multiparticle assemblies, such as ellipsoidal clouds, dog-bone agglomerates, and ribbon bunches, were observed as intermediate stages. Computer simulations revealed that the balance between attraction and electrostatic repulsion determines the resulting geometry and dimensionality of the nanoparticle assemblies.
Foam Fracturing: Theories, Procedures and Results (1980)

ABSTRACT For the past several years, foam has been used in many treatments as a fracturing fluid. Although many different types of reservoirs have been stimulated with foam, the primary zones of interest in Eastern Kentucky and Southern West Virginia have been the Berea Sandstone and the Devonian Shales. Due to the nature of these formations, i.e. low permeability, low bottom-hole pressure and water sensitivity, foam fracturing has been a successful technique. This paper presents the basic background theory of foam and presents several basic treatment designs which have been used successfully in the Devonian Shales and Berea Sandstone. Production histories for up to two years on a number of wells fractured with foam are compared to production histories of offset wells which were conventionally fractured with gelled water. In all the side-by-side comparisons, foam fracturing was found to give production results either as good as, or better than, conventional fracturing with gelled water.
Gaussian patterned contacts for improved beam stability of 1.55-μm tapered lasers (2000)

A Gaussian lateral current-injection profile is approximated by a quasi-random pattern of electrically conducting and insulating regions. This pattern is used for the p-type contact in a laser with a 2.1-mm-long tapered gain region and operating near 1.55-μm wavelength. Lasers with improved stable single lateral modes are obtained with Strehl ratios up to 0.85 for current up to 4.0 A and output power over 1.0 W. Power over 0.5 W can be coupled into a single-mode optical fiber with a cylindrical microlens attached to the output facet to remove the astigmatism of the laser.
No More Premature Collapse of Acid Wormholes: Extend Wells Productivity with Particulate Diversion Technique Modelling (2020)

Abstract The main goal of matrix acidizing in carbonate reservoirs is to create wormhole and to remove the damage caused by drilling on the wellbore wall. The critical step in acidizing design is to optimize the design parameters for uniformly distributing the stimulation fluid. Non-engineered designed acidizing jobs will lead to softening the near wellbore rock and with time it will have a negative effect on the production. In this work, we present design and modelling of particulate diversion process using an integrated Geomechanical workflow for case histories from South America. The model utilized petrophysical data of the formation, stresses near wellbore, wellbore flow, rock dissolution and physical model. The case history of 2 deviated wells from North and South America respectively were simulated with the stimulation fluid movement within wellbore and then it was coupled with transient flow. The primary analysis determines the distribution of reactive fluid along the well and predicted skin and wormhole evolution across the wellbore upon stimulation. This work introduced an integrated engineering workflow to optimize and simulate carbonate matrix acidizing design using bio-degradable particulate diverters and demonstrate uniform stimulation with reduction in skin. In the presented case study, 2 jobs from North and South America were analyzed. The results demonstrate effectiveness of particulate diverters in reducing the wellbore damage, uniformly distributing the treatment fluid, increasing effectiveness of stimulation fluid, retarding the softening of rock and hence enhancing the production across the target zone. This Geomechanics model for particle diversion permits a dependable prediction of stimulation fluid distribution across the reservoir section and identifies controlling parameters to maximize conductive reservoir volume (CRV), avoids premature collapse of wormhole, uniform distribution of the stimulation slurry and hence enhances production. The presented case study can assist in building a customized diversion strategy for Middle East carbonate formations.
Therapeutic targeting of CD19 in hematological malignancies: past, present, future and beyond (2013)

Abstract During the past few decades, CD19 has been at the center of various scientific/translational endeavors to develop targeted therapeutics against B-cell malignancies. Due to the expression pattern of CD19 throughout the B-cell lineage, and on most B-cell malignancies, it became a preferred target for the development of experimental therapeutic agents during the first years of the monoclonal antibodies era. Successful preclinical experiments led to the first generation of clinical trials, based predominantly on toxin/anti-CD19 murine immunoconjugates. These, however, mostly failed due to poor biochemical design of the reagents, and the generation of human anti-murine antibodies. Modern anti-CD19 reagents are based on humanized anti-CD19 antibodies designed to attract components of the immune system, predominantly T-cells, to eliminate CD19+ target cells. These include, for example, modified anti-CD19 antibodies, and bispecific anti-CD19/CD3 antibodies. One of the most attractive approaches to target malignant B-cells is based on the introduction of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) into patient derived T-cells. CARs are composed of extracellular recognition sequences derived from anti-CD19 antibodies, and intracellular signaling components that can foster T-cell activation. The novel anti-B-cell therapeutics have shown promising clinical effects against various B-cell malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), although expected side effects (e.g. significant immunosuppression) were also recorded. These novel successful anti-CD19 agents may have the potential to be used in other fields, such as autoimmunity.
Fate of bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells after intracutaneous, intraperitoneal, and intravenous transfer into genetically mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice. Evidence that cultured mast cells can give rise to both connective tissue type and mucosal mast cells. (1985)

Both connective tissue mast cells and mast cells grown in vitro are derived from multipotential hematopoietic stem cells, but these two mast cell populations exhibit many differences in morphology, biochemistry, and function. We investigated whether the phenotype of cultured mast cells or their progeny was altered when the cells were transferred into different locations in vivo. Cultured mast cells were immature by ultrastructure, and stained with alcian blue but with neither safranin or berberine sulfate, a fluorescent dye that binds to the heparin of connective tissue mast cell granules. By contrast, mast cells recovered from the peritoneal cavity of congenitally mast cell-deficient (WB X C57BL/6)F1-W/Wv (WBB6F1-W/Wv) mice 10 wk after intraperitoneal injection of cultured WBB6F1-+/+ or C57BL/6-bgJ/bgJ mast cells stained with both safranin and berberine sulfate. Staining with berberine sulfate was prevented by treatment of the cells with heparinase but not chondroitinase ABC, suggesting that the adoptively transferred mast cell population had acquired the ability to synthesize and store heparin. Furthermore, the recovered mast cells were indistinguishable by ultrastructure from the normal mature peritoneal mast cells of WBB6F1-+/+ mice, and contained substantially more histamine than mast cells studied directly from culture. Intravenous injection of cultured mast cells resulted in the development of safranin-and berberine sulfate-positive mast cells in the peritoneal cavity, spleen, skin, and glandular stomach muscularis propria. Mast cells also developed on the glandular stomach mucosa, but these cells stained with alcian blue rather than safranin, and did not stain with berberine sulfate. This result suggests that cultured mast cells can give rise to mast cells of either the connective tissue type or mucosal phenotype, depending on anatomical location. Furthermore, transplantation of cultured mast cells into WBB6F1-W/Wv mice had no measurable effect on the anemia of the recipient mice, suggesting a possible strategy for repairing the mast cell deficiency of WBB6F1-W/Wv mice without affecting other bone marrow-derived populations such as erythrocytes. Intravenous injection of representative connective tissue type mast cells (30-50% pure peritoneal mast cells derived from WBB6F1-+/+ mice) gave results similar to those obtained with cultured mast cells: mast cells developing in the peritoneal cavity, skin, spleen, and glandular stomach muscularis propria of WBB6F1-W/Wv recipients stained with safranin and berberine sulfate, whereas mast cells developing in the mucosa of the glandular stomach stained only with alcian blue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Large animal models of traumatic brain injury (2017)

Animal models are essential to gain a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Rodent models of TBI have proven highly valuable with respect to the information they have provided over the years, particularly when it comes to the molecular understanding of injury mechanisms. However, there has been a failure to translate the successes in therapeutic treatment of TBI in rodents, which many believe may be related to their different brain anatomy compared with humans. Specifically, the rodent lissencephalic brain within its bony skull responds differently to injury than a human gyrencephalic brain, particularly from a biomechanical and physiological perspective. There is now far greater interest in developing more clinically relevant, large animal models of TBI so as to enhance the possibility of successful clinical translation. The current mini-review highlights the differences between lissencephalic and gyrencephalic brains, emphasizing how these differences might impact studies of TBI. Thereafter follows a summary of the different large animal models, with a critical analysis of their strengths and weaknesses.
Sol–gel transition of colloidal suspensions of anisotropic particles of laponite (1995)

The thermodynamical properties, structure and rheology of laponite dispersions have been studied as a function of solid fraction and ionic strength. The dispersions undergo a transition from Newtonian liquid to viscoelastic solid without phase separation. The increase of the ionic strength shifts the transition to lower solid fraction and a phase diagram has been constructed for the onset of viscoelastic solid like behaviour. This sol–gel transition line coincides with the appearance of a singularity in the equation of state as determined by osmotic pressure measurements. Analysis of the dispersions by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) shows correlated but well separated particles. In order to elucidate the nature of the observed sol–gel transition and the particle organization, we discuss the role of particle anisotropy coupled with diffuse-layer repulsion.
Wavelet-based Galerkin method for semiconductor devices simulation (2002)

Using wavelet methods, local high order schemes can be constructed near the singularities. Moreover, the stiffness matrix is sparse and can readily be inverted due to the compact support property of wavelets. An adaptive Galerkin-wavelet method for semiconductor devices simulation is presented. A set of wavelet bases can be chosen adaptively for each iteration according to the error levels. So, computational time is saved and hence a more accurate result can be obtained by including higher order terms. Also, an elegant way to handle the boundary conditions is provided. A simulation of an abrupt P-N junction is used to demonstrate this effectiveness in this paper.
Composite sandwich structure optimization with application to satellite components (1996)

Advanced design concepts and rigorous optimization methods are essential to address the conflicting and stringent design requirements of aerospace structures. The focus here is on the use of discrete optimization methods, specifically the genetic search method, for tailoring composite sandwich components of satellites. Failure modes induced by local instabilities associated with such composite sandwich constructions have been developed and used as design constraints in the optimization problem. A linear least-squares approximation is used in conjunction with the genetic search procedure to minimize the computational effort. Results of this study indicate that, for large-scale design optimization problems, the number of function evaluations required by this implementation is high and that more robust and alternate approximation concepts are necessary to minimize the overall computational effort.
Preparation of ultrafine and nanosized MoSi2 particles by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis with a reduction step (2014)

We have developed technological principles of the preparation of ultrafine and nanosized MoSi2 particles by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) with a reduction step. The effect of synthesis conditions (starting-mixture composition, relative amounts of reactants, and the presence and amount of an inert diluent) on the composition, structure, and particle size of the powders has been studied. The results demonstrate that inert additives reduce the adiabatic temperature. The crystallite size of MoSi2 decreases with increasing additive concentration. The MoSi2 powders obtained by SHS with a reduction step have the form of agglomerates consisting of spherical particles ranging widely in size: from large (several microns) to ultrafine and nanosized. The composition of the powders was checked by chemical analysis, microstructural examination, and X-ray diffraction.
Phase 2 Early Afterdepolarization as a Trigger of Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in Acquired Long-QT Syndrome (2001)

This study provides the first direct evidence from intracellular action potential recordings that phase 2 EAD can be generated from intact ventricular wall and produce a trigger to initiate the onset of TdP under QT prolongation.
Med3D: Transfer Learning for 3D Medical Image Analysis (2019)

The performance on deep learning is significantly affected by volume of training data. Models pre-trained from massive dataset such as ImageNet become a powerful weapon for speeding up training convergence and improving accuracy. Similarly, models based on large dataset are important for the development of deep learning in 3D medical images. However, it is extremely challenging to build a sufficiently large dataset due to difficulty of data acquisition and annotation in 3D medical imaging. We aggregate the dataset from several medical challenges to build 3DSeg-8 dataset with diverse modalities, target organs, and pathologies. To extract general medical three-dimension (3D) features, we design a heterogeneous 3D network called Med3D to co-train multi-domain 3DSeg-8 so as to make a series of pre-trained models. We transfer Med3D pre-trained models to lung segmentation in LIDC dataset, pulmonary nodule classification in LIDC dataset and liver segmentation on LiTS challenge. Experiments show that the Med3D can accelerate the training convergence speed of target 3D medical tasks 2 times compared with model pre-trained on Kinetics dataset, and 10 times compared with training from scratch as well as improve accuracy ranging from 3% to 20%. Transferring our Med3D model on state-the-of-art DenseASPP segmentation network, in case of single model, we achieve 94.6\% Dice coefficient which approaches the result of top-ranged algorithms on the LiTS challenge.