gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transgenic fish: an evaluation of benefits and risks (2000)

Transgenic fish have many potential applications in aquaculture, but also raise concerns regarding the possible deleterious effects of escaped or released transgenic fish on natural ecosystems. In this review the potential applications of transgenic fish are considered, the probable benefits reviewed, the possible risks to the environment identified and the measures which might be taken to minimize these risks are evaluated. Growth trials of transgenic fish have already been carried out in outdoor facilities and some of these are discussed in the light of possible risks and benefits. Regarding the hazards associated with release or escape, whilst there is some evidence to suggest that transgenic fish may be less fit compared to their wild counterparts, there is insufficient evidence to say that this will be true in all cases. Using mathematical models, we have attempted to predict the magnitude of the genetic effects in a range of different scenarios. A number of possible containment techniques are considered, amongst which containment by sterility is probably the most promising. This can be engineered either by triploidy or by transgenic methods. The conclusions include a tabulated balance sheet of likely benefits and risks, with appropriate weighting.
SPAR모형을 활용한 토지가격지수 산정과 평가 (2018)

본 연구의 목적은 SPAR모형을 적용하여 토지가격지수를 산정하고, 현행 지가변동률과 비교를 통해 양자의 차이점을 도출한 후 실거래가격 기반 토지가격지수의 적용가능성 및 그 정도를 검토하는 것이다. 연구의 시간적 범위와 공간적 범위는 서울시 토지에 대한 2006년부터 2017년까지 실거래가격과 개별공시지가를 활용하였다. 또한 실거래가격을 활용한 연구모형을 선정함에 있어 최근 Eurostat에서 적용의 우수성이 인정된 SPAR모형을 활용하되, 평가가격은 개별공시지가를 대용치로 사용하여 SPAR모형의 비경제성에 대한 문제점을 보완하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 가치가중 SPAR지수와 지가변동률의 동질성검정 결과 5% 유의수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 지가변동률은 가치가중SAPR지수에 비해 신뢰도가 높고, 안정성이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 기초자료의 차이에서 비롯된 것으로 가치가중SPAR지수 산정시 거래시점, 거래가격 등의 상황이 지수산정에 내포되었기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 셋째, 지가변동률은 2008년 7월부터 지가가 급락하는 것으로 나타났으나, 가치가중SPAR지수는 2009년 1월 약하락세를 보이는 것을 제외하면 지가의 지속적인 상승추세를 나타내고 있었다.
Problems and Possibilities of Comparing Different Lifetime Measuring Instruments and Techniques (1998)

The scope of the present paper is the understanding of the most important parameters influencing carrier lifetime measurement results. The role of surface conditions and carrier injection levels are discussed in details. Two techniques, μ-PCD and SPV, are compared for the case of some important recombination centers, such as Fe, Cr, Au and Co. Fe and Cr are investigated by both techniques in their single atomic form and also when pairing with dopant boron. It is shown that SPV results are in agreement with the expectations from μ-PCD data when the difference in injection level is taken into account. The capabilities of the two techniques are demonstrated in the case of Fe-B and Cr-B pair dissociation and association processes.
Role of wild-type p53 in the enhancement of camptothecin cytotoxicity against human prostate tumor cells. (1998)

The role of wild-type human p53 protein in enhancing camptothecin cytotoxicity was examined by infecting human prostate PC3 cells with adenovirus expressing human wild-type p53 gene (Adwtp53). The prostate PC3 cells are null for p53 gene. Infection induced the synthesis of both wtp53, and WAF1 (p21) proteins, resulting in growth arrest of PC3 cells. In the presence of camptothecin, an inhibitor of topoisomerase 1, significant increases in both p53 and p21 proteins were detected in Adwtp53-infected PC3 cells. While Adwtp53 and camptothecin, as single agents, caused apoptosis and cell death, combinations of camptothecin and Adwtp53 were better in inducing apoptosis and cell death in PC3 cells. In contrast, cisplatin neither stabilized p53 and p21 proteins nor enhanced DNA fragmentation when combined with Adwtp53 in PC3 cells, indicating specificity for camptothecin. These observations suggest that introduction of wild-type p53 gene with topoisomerase I inhibitors may offer a clinical advantage for the treatment of prostate tumors containing mut53 or null for p53 gene.
Application of High-Density Array-Based Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis To Discover Novel <i>Yersinia</i> Virulence-Associated Genes (2001)

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, and the enteropathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis have nearly identical nucleotide similarity yet cause markedly different diseases. To investigate this conundrum and to study Yersinia pathogenicity, we developed a high-density oligonucleotide array-based modification of signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM). Y. pseudotuberculosis YPIII mutants constructed with the tagged transposons were evaluated in the murine yersiniosis infection model. The DNA tags were amplified using biotinylated primers and hybridized to high-density oligonucleotide arrays containing DNA complementary to the tags. Comparison of the hybridization signals from input pools and output pools identified a mutant whose relative abundance was significantly reduced in the output pool. Sequence data from 31 transposon insertion regions was compared to the complete Y. pestis CO92 genome sequence. The 26 genes present in both species were found to be almost identical, but five Y. pseudotuberculosis genes identified through STM did not have counterparts in the Y. pestis genome and may contribute to the different tropisms in these closely related pathogens. Potential virulence genes identified include those involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, adhesion, phospholipase activity, iron assimilation, and gene regulation. The phospholipase A (PldA) mutant exhibited reduced phospholipase activity compared to the wild-type strain and in vivo attenuation of the mutant was confirmed. The combination of optimized double tag sequences and high-density array hybridization technology offers improved performance, efficiency, and reliability over classical STM and permits quantitative analysis of data.
Possible Roles for Products of Polymorphic MHC and Linked Olfactory Receptor Genes during Selection Processes in Reproduction* (2002)

We suggest that testis-expressed polymorphic HLA and OR proteins are functionally connected and serve the selection of spermatozoa, enabling them to distinguish 'self from 'non-self [the sperm-receptor-selection (SRS) hypothesis].
연구논문 : GIS기반 K-DRUM을 이용한 금강권 대유역 홍수유출 적용 (2010)

지금까지 국내에서 개발된 분포형 강우-유출모형은 입력 자료의 구축에 많은 시간과 노력이 필요하며, 유출과정에서 운동역학적인 이론에 근거하여 물의 흐름을 수치해석으로 추적해 나가는데 많은 계산시간이 소요되는 단점이 있었다. 그래서 지금까지 분포형모형의 적용유역은 대부분 일정규모 이내의 유역에 국한되어 적용되어왔다. 하지만, 최근 유역관리 개념의 변화에 따라 통합유역관리의 필요성이 증대되면서 댐의 상·하류를 포함한 유역전체의 유출계산이 요구되었다. 본 논문은 자체개발한 GIS기반의 물리학적 분포형 강우-유출모형인 K-DRUM을 국내 대유역인 금강권수계 전체를 대상으로 모의하여 홍수유출시 대유역에 대하여 분포형모형의 실무에서의 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. GIS수문매개변수를 DEM, 토지피복도, 토양도 등의 기본 GIS자료들로부터 추출하여 모형의 입력인자로 사용하였으며, 초기 토양함수조건을 설정하는데 있어서 자동보정기법을 적용함으로써 기존의 시행착오법으로 인해 소요되는 시간과 부정확한 설정으로 인해 발생될 수 있는 문제점을 해결하였다. 태풍 에위니아를 대상으로 용담, 대청, 공주 지점에서의 유출량 모의 결과 체적오차백분율은 13.3~25.6%, 첨두유량오차백분율은 5.4~22.8%, 총유출량오차는 7.3~12.5%로 실무적용 가능성이 충분한 것으로 판단된다.
Measurement of the Glucose Transport Time Delay Between the Blood and Aqueous Humor of the Eye for the Eventual Development of a Noninvasive Glucose Sensor (2001)

In the recent past, several noninvasive optically based methods have been proposed for physiologic glucose sensing. One proposed optical sensing site has been the eye, which, due to its unique optical properties, can be considered as a transparent optical window into the body. In particular, the aqueous humor within the anterior chamber of the eye has been shown to contain glucose levels correlated to those of blood. Concern, however, has been expressed that using the aqueous humor solution as a measure of blood glucose may be problematic due to the potential transport time delay between the blood and the aqueous humor glucose concentrations. This investigation was performed to measure the transport time delay in a rabbit model. The time delay between the blood and aqueous humor glucose concentrations was measured invasively in five New Zealand White rabbits over a series of weeks. An anesthesia protocol containing the drug Xylazine was used to elevate the blood glucose levels to a level commonly seen in diabetic patients. The difference between the glucose peak location times occurring in the blood and aqueous humor glucose response was measured and defined as the transport time delay. The average transport time lag was measured to be under 5 min. This measured time delay indicates that, indeed, the eye could potentially be used as a sensing site for indirect blood glucose measurements and may eventually aid the development of a noninvasive glucose sensor due to its unique optical properties compared to other biological tissues.
Epidermal surface lipids (2009)

A layer of lipids, which are of both sebaceous and keratinocyte origin, covers the surface of the skin. The apparent composition of surface lipids varies depending on the selected method of sampling. Lipids produced by the epidermal cells are an insignificant fraction of the total extractable surface lipid on areas rich in sebaceous glands. Due to the holocrine activity of the sebaceous gland, its product of secretion (sebum) is eventually released to the surface of the skin and coats the fur as well. Lipids of epidermal origin fill the spaces between the cells, like mortar or cement. The sebaceous lipids are primarily non polar lipids as triglycerides, wax esters and squalene, while epidermal lipids are a mixture of ceramides, free fatty acids and cholesterol. The composition of the sebaceous lipids is unique and intriguing and elevated sebum excretion is a major factor involved in the pathophysiology of acne. Recent studies have elucidated the roles that epidermal surface lipids have on normal skin functions and acne.
Materials and device concepts for electrocaloric refrigeration (2015)

Electrocaloric (EC) materials provide a solid-state cooling technology without polluting liquid refrigerants and noisy mechanical parts. Currently, basic research in this field is mainly focused on materials with a first-order phase transition exhibiting a large polarization change in a narrow temperature region near the phase transition point (Curie temperature) and, thus, a large EC effect. In this contribution, device operation above Curie temperature will be discussed. In this case, the polarization change originates from the temperature coefficient of the dielectric permittivity. To optimize material properties for EC refrigerator applications, we adapt the modified Curie–Weiss law describing a large class of ferroelectrics with a diffuse phase transition. Device performance will be evaluated based on the expected cooling power in dependence on thermodynamic cycle time, total thermal resistance and EC material thickness.
Assembly to high-level language translation (2002)

Translation of assembly code to high-level language code is of importance in the maintenance of legacy code, as well as in the areas of program understanding, porting, and recovery of code. We present techniques used in the asm2c translator, a SPARC assembly to C translator. The techniques involve data and control flow analyses. The data flow analysis eliminates machine dependencies from the assembly code and recovers high-level language expressions. The control flow analysis recovers control structure statements. Simple data type recovery is also done. The presented techniques are extensions and improvements on previously developed CISC techniques. The choice of intermediate representation allows for both RISC and CISC assembly code to be supported by the analyses. We tested asm2c against SPEC95 SPARC assembly programs generated by a C compiler. Results using both unoptimized and optimized assembly code are presented.
An information sources map for Occupational and Environmental Medicine: guidance to network-based information through domain-specific indexing. (1993)

This paper describes a prototype information sources map (ISM), an on-line information source finder, for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (OEM). The OEM ISM was built as part of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) project of the National Library of Medicine. It allows a user to identify sources of on-line information appropriate to a specific OEM question, and connect to the sources. In the OEM ISM we explore a domain-specific method of indexing information source contents, and also a domain-specific user interface. The indexing represents a domain expert's opinion of the specificity of an information source in helping to answer specific types of domain questions. For each information source, an index field represents whether a source might provide useful information in an occupational, industrial, or environmental category. Additional fields represent the degree of specificity of a source in individual question types in each category. The paper discusses the development, design, and implementation of the prototype OEM ISM.
Stiffness profiling of pavement subgrades (1989)

The Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves (SASW) method is an in situ seismic method that permits detailed profiles of small-strain moduli to be determined at both soil and pavement sites. The method, which is nondestructive, is based on the dispersive characteristic of surface (Rayleigh) waves propagating in a layered medium. One of the principal advantages of this method is that all testing is performed on the ground surface. A second advantage for evaluating the properties of pavement systems is that the method can be used to determine the stiffness of the subgrade before, during, and after placement of the pavement system. These advantages are illustrated using a series of tests on a silty clay subgrade performed before and after placement of a concrete slab 10 in. (0.25 m) thick. A sensitivity study of the subgrade measurements and a method of characterizing nonlinear subgrade behavior are also presented.
A circuit for improving DC-DC converter dynamic response (2012)

To improve the disadvantage of DC-DC converter output voltage fluctuation when output current changes in wide range, a compensation circuit for improving DC-DC converter dynamic response was presented. The circuit was based on the theory of parallel or anti-parallel capacitor. A charged capacitor was paralleled when output current positive jumped. A charged capacitor was anti-paralleled when output current negative jumped. It worked when output current changed. So DC-DC converter dynamic response was improved and efficiency could be high in the same time. The simulation results proved that the effect of compensation circuit in improving the converter dynamic response and stabilizing the output voltage.
Memory Management on a Massively Parallel Capability Architecture (1999)

In poisonings during pregnancy, the mother should be treated as well as possible, following the general principles and regimes utilized in treatments for poisoning. Activated charcoal can be used safely. In cases where administration of antidote is justified from the mother's standpoint, it can also be given to a pregnant mother. Risk assessment for poisonings during pregnancy can be difficult in individual cases. Fetal prognosis is, however, relatively good provided that the mother receives appropriate and timely initiated treatment.
Clipping Mechanism of Stock for 2JC-500 Grafting Machine (2008)

This research mensurates the size parameter and the mechanics characteristic of the grafted stock seedlings, and obtains that compression deformation quantity margin of the stock seedlings for safety do not surpass 30%..As well as according to physical parameter of the stock seedlings, it carries on the design of the clipping mechanism of stock and pushing bar of the 2JC-500 grafting machine by using computer simulation (CATIA the P3V5R14 software) . The clamp way uses the elastic clamp, clamps the mouth to use the profiling design, the rigid step-up and removable -like clamps the mouth, suitably in different stock's grafting, raised stock's use factor. Pushing bar with the stock clamp organization linkage design, and the flare angle may reach 40°,and the effect of pressed the seedling is obvious, which causes two seed leaves of the stock seedling maintenance smooth, so it is advantageous for grafts on the operator the seedling, increased punch precision of the stock seedling and the success ratio of grafting.
Compact function trace (CFT) (2012)

Unlimited program flow trace is used for performance analysis on function level and for debugging of sporadic effects. Trace output via an affordable and robust tool interface like Infineon's two pin DAP [1] requires a very high trace compression. With a novel approach the required compression is achieved by tracing just calls and returns of functions and by filtering out completely very short functions, which do not call any other function.
Monolithic voltage regulators (1970)

Voltage regulation has been a specialty of semiconductors since the introduction of the Zener diode well over a decade ago. Now, there is a new dimension to the field-the monolithic voltage regulator. Available in a number of configurations that have specific advantages ranging over a variety of applications, this new component not only is giving its discrete counterpart a run for the money, but is showing a potential that easily surpasses even the most optimistic of earlier predictions.
ReTiHA: Real time health advice and action using smart devices (2014)

In this paper we have explored the novel services that can be engendered with the use of Real Time Health Advice and Action (ReTiHA) through continuous monitoring of the patient for vital parameters, real time prognosis and medical advice. Our services are aimed at providing healthcare services in remote areas where rigid healthcare systems are unavailable through implementation of cost effective mechanisms. With the advent of wearable sensors, improved mobile communication technologies and powerful on-board processing capabilities in smart devices, the data collected from the patient and the surrounding environment can be utilized to monitor the patient for various anomalies ranging from a simple rise in body temperature to complex situations including organ failure. The data from sensors are processed on the device itself or sent to a remote server for computations depending on the amount of data handled and the level of emergency associated with the same. The patients are registered on the cloud with organized storage of medical history, vital parameters along with possible emergencies and symptoms. We have emphasized on the introduction of various value-added services in which the immediate family of the patient can receive real time updates, push notifications for medicinal intakes, feedback from patients as well as real time advice in times of emergency. These services are designed to reduce reaction time for an emergency allowing possible prediction of occurrence at a lower level of emergency for patients.
Advances in chemistry and bioactivity of the genus <i>Uncaria</i> (2004)

The alkaloids of the pantropical genus Uncaria (Rubiaceae) were reviewed extensively by Phillipson et al. in (1978) Since then a host of papers with new results has been published. The compounds discovered are from three major groups: (1) alkaloids; (2) terpenoids; and (3) flavonoids. Some highly unusual structures have been reported. Although there are at least 35 species of Uncaria known, recent research focussed on a relatively small number of species. During recent years bioactivity of extracts and pure compounds isolated from Uncaria species have been increasingly investigated. These include anticonvulsive, antiinflammatory, antimutagenic, antioxidant, cytoprotective, hypotensive, and immunoregulatory effects. The literature since 1978 is reviewed and 133 references are given.
The influence of motivation and comfort-level on learning to program (2005)

This paper documents a study, carried out in the academic year 2004-2005, on the role of motivation and comfort-level in a first year object-oriented programming module. The study found that intrinsic motivation had a strong correlation with programming performance as did self-efficacy for learning and performance, r=0.512, p < 0.01 and r=0.567, p < 0.01 respectively. Aspects of comfort level were found to have significant correlations with performance with an instrument on programming-esteem rendering the most interesting results. A regression model based upon these factors was able to account for 60% of the variance in programming performance results.
Immunologic characterization of isoforms of Car b 1 and Que a 1, the major hornbeam and oak pollen allergens (2009)

Tree pollen-allergic patients who are primarily exposed to Fagales pollen other than birch reacted stronger with rCar b 1 and rQue a 1 than with rBet v 1, as determined by inhibition ELISA and basophil mediator release assays. Thus, rCar b 1 and rQue a 1 allergens should be considered for improving molecule-based diagnosis and therapy of tree pollen allergies manifesting in birch-free areas.
Discriminative Cellets Discovery for Fine-Grained Image Categories Retrieval (2014)

Fine-grained image categories recognition is a challenging task aiming at distinguishing objects belonging to the same basic-level category, such as leaf or mushroom. It is a useful technique that can be applied for species recognition, face verification, and etc. Most of the existing methods have difficulties to automatically detect discriminative object components. In this paper, we propose a new fine-grained image categorization model that can be deemed as an improved version spatial pyramid matching (SPM). Instead of the conventional SPM that enumeratively conducts cell-to-cell matching between images, the proposed model combines multiple cells into cellets that are highly responsive to object fine-grained categories. In particular, we describe object components by cellets that connect spatially adjacent cells from the same pyramid level. Straightforwardly, image categorization can be casted as the matching between cellets extracted from pairwise images. Toward an effective matching process, a hierarchical sparse coding algorithm is derived that represents each cellet by a linear combination of the basis cellets. Further, a linear discriminant analysis (LDA)-like scheme is employed to select the cellets with high discrimination. On the basis of the feature vector built from the selected cellets, fine-grained image categorization is conducted by training a linear SVM. Experimental results on the Caltech-UCSD birds, the Leeds butterflies, and the COSMIC insects data sets demonstrate our model outperforms the state-of-the-art. Besides, the visualized cellets show discriminative object parts are localized accurately.
Applications of bifunctional aldehydes to improve paper wet strength (2002)

Abstract Glyoxal and glutaraldehyde behave very differently for improving wet strength of paper. It is found that glyoxal is very efficient for improving temporary wet strength of paper without the presence of a catalyst and exposure to elevated temperatures. When a metal salt, such as Zn(NO 3 ) 2 , is used as a catalyst and the curing temperature is increased, the durable wet strength of glyoxal‐treated paper increases at the expense of its flexibility, as shown by reduced stretch and folding endurance. Glutaraldehyde is not able to provide any improvement in wet strength to paper, even under high curing temperatures, provided no catalyst is used. With the aid of a metal salt catalyst, glutaraldehyde imparts excellent durable wet strength to paper without significantly sacrificing folding endurance, and the wet strength of glutaraldehyde‐treated paper increases steadily as curing temperature increases. The different behavior of glyoxal and glutaraldehyde may be attributed to their different reactivity toward cellulose. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2539–2547, 2002