gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of laser parameters on nanoparticle-induced membrane permeabilization (2009)

Light-absorbing nanoparticles that are heated by short laser pulses can transiently increase membrane permeability. We evaluate the membrane permeability by flow cytometry assaying of propidium iodide and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-D) using different laser sources. The dependence of the transfection efficiency on laser parameters such as pulse duration, irradiant exposure, and irradiation mode is investigated. For nano- and also picosecond irradiation, we show a parameter range where a reliable membrane permeabilization is achieved for 10-kDa FITC-D. Fluorescent labeled antibodies are able to penetrate living cells that are permeabilized using these parameters. More than 50% of the cells are stained positive for a 150-kDa IgG antibody. These results suggest that the laser-induced permeabilization approach constitutes a promising tool for targeted delivery of larger exogenous molecules into living cells.
A digitally calibrated current-mode two-step flash A/D converter (2002)

This paper describes a digitally calibrated high-speed current-mode two-step flash ADC architecture for implementation in digital CMOS technology. The generation of errors to be digitized for calibration is achieved through an adequate configuration of the internal DAC, residue amplifier and flash ADC. Predominant digital processing ensures enhanced robustness against process tolerances and inherent errors. Simulation results for a 0.7 /spl mu/m CMOS prototype show that sampling rates up to 40 MHz are achievable for full 10-bit resolution.
Cryopreservation of Pluripotent and Committed Hemopoietic Progenitor Cells from Human Bone Marrow and Cord Blood (1983)

Abstract As one of the studies on autologous bone marrow transplantation for childhood cancer, the viabilities of several kinds of hemopoietic progenitor cells after cryopreservation was assayed using bone marrow and cord blood samples. The mean recovery rates of granulocyte‐macrophage colony forming units (CFU‐GM), erythroid burst forming units (BFU‐E) and erythroid colony forming units (CFU‐E) from bone marrow cells were 47.9%, 31.3% and 10.5%, respectively. The mean recovery rates of CFU‐GM, BFU‐E and CFU‐E from cord blood cells were 46.7%, 39.1% and 22.4%, respectively. The ratio of primitive to mature BFU‐E did not change after cryopreservation. The mean recovery rate of mixed colony forming units (CFU‐mix) from marrow cells was 30.2%, and that from cord blood cells was 58.9%, demonstrating their sufficient proliferative activity after cryopreservation. These results demonstrate that CFU‐mix, primitive BFU‐E as well as CFU‐GM, mature BFU‐E can be well cryopreserved, supporting the usefulness of autologous marrow transplantation for the rescue of the ruined hemopoiesis after intensive cancer therapy.
Concept Enforcement and Modularization as Methods for the ISO 26262 Safety Argumentation of Neural Networks (2020)

Neural networks (NN) are prone to systematic faults which are hard to detect using the methods recommended by the ISO 26262 automotive functional safety standard.In this paper we propose a unified approach to two methods for NN safety argumentation: Assignment of human interpretable concepts to the internal representation of NNs to enable modularization and formal verification.Feasibility of the required concept embedding analysis is demonstrated in a minimal example and important aspects for generalization are investigated.The contribution of the methods is derived from a proposed generic argumentation structure for a NN model safety case.
[Endovascular laser ablation with wavelength 1,560 nm for varicose veins]. (2009)

In 2002 - 2008 more than 1000 patients with lower limb varicose veins were treated with endovenous laser coagulation (EVLC) of subcutaneous and perforating veins in the Therapeutic Rehabilitation Center. Usually we used laser wavelength between 915 and 980 nm; but recently 1,560-nm laser, which physical properties are quite different, was used for 43 patients, including 49 EVLCs for great (GSV) and lesser (LSV) saphenous veins and 15 EVLCs for perforating veins (PV). Interventional technique was similar to previously used. Postoperative period for 1,560-nm laser ablations was characterized by earlier resolution of mild pain syndrome, more than twice less ecchymosis, and pain absence along the coagulated veins. These resulted of obliteration. in the decrease of postcoagulative period severity, thus enabling patients to ambulate earlier. No complications occurred. Ultrasonic picture of 1,560-nm laser coagulation showed uniform wall thickening, intimal induration and circular narrowing of venous lumen. Histological examination of GSV revealed significant thickening of venous wall due to edema and circular shrinkage, focal necrobiosis and caryolysis. Twenty three patients (who underwent total 35 EVLCs for GSV, LSV and PV) were followed up for 4-6.5 months. In all cases treated veins were completely obliterated; no segments with preserved blood flow and pathological refluxes were revealed. In conclusion, EVLC with wavelength that is actively adsorbed by water is characterized by mild postoperative period and higher efficacy of obliteration.
Artificial Bio-Inspired Tactile Receptive Fields for Edge Orientation Classification (2021)

Robots and users of hand prosthesis could easily manipulate objects if endowed with the sense of touch. Towards this goal, information about touched objects and surfaces has to be inferred from raw data coming from the sensors. An important cue for objects discrimination is the orientation of edges, that is used both in artificial vision and touch as pre-processing stage. We present a spiking neural network, inspired on the encoding of edges in human first order tactile afferents. The network uses three layers of Leaky Integrate and Fire neurons to distinguish different edge orientations of a bar pressed on the artificial skin of the iCub robot. The architecture is successfully able to discriminate eight different orientations (from 0 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> to 180 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> ), by implementing a structured model of overlapping receptive fields. We demonstrate that the network can learn the appropriate connectivity through unsupervised spike based learning, and that the number and spatial distribution of sensitive areas within the receptive fields are important in edge orientation discrimination.
Water-Wet Surfaces for Long-Term Paraffin Inhibition (1985)

ABSTRACT Water-wet surfaces are known to be an important factor in a mechanism of paraffin inhibition. Previous attempts to create these surfaces with chemical coatings or plastic-lined tubing have met with limited success. A patented process1 has been developed that overcomes the problems previously associated with obtaining long-lasting, strongly water-wet surfaces downhole. This process generates heat within the tubing, converts paraffin into a water-dispersible residue and super cleans the surface of the rods and tubing. The resulting effect is a hydrophilic surface on all wellbore production equipment. This environment reduces the adhesive force of the paraffin to the rod and/or tubing surface and allows the precipitated paraffin to be produced out of the well.
Boron-doped emitters for high-performance vertical pnp transistors (2003)

The fabrication of pnp transistors is described, and their characteristics are studied as a function of the emitter process. Ideal polysilicon-emitter and LTE-emitter devices have been obtained, and the temperature dependences of the base saturation and collector saturation permit an understanding of the differences in their characteristics. For the polysilicon emitter, it appears that relatively low annealing temperatures are adequate to achieve ideal device characteristics and low emitter resistance. This will allow maximum flexibility for the integration of the vertical pnp into a complementary bipolar process and shallower emitter-base junctions (for the poly-emitter devices) than attempted here. The feasibility of the epitaxial emitter has also been demonstrated in a double-polysilicon self-aligned transistor, offering the possibility of achieving a very thin, ion-implanted base. Some performance tradeoffs may have to be made to improve the gain of the device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bond–antibond analysis of internal rotation barriers in glyoxal and related molecules: Where <scp>INDO</scp> fails (1981)

Abstract Ab initio and INDO LCBO–MO calculations are carried out on glyoxal, 1,3‐butadiene, and acrolein in order to analyze the qualitative failure of INDO ‐like methods to describe conformation energies in these molecules. Following the method of Brunck and Weinhold for ethanelike systems we identify the principal bond–antibond interactions contributing to the glyoxal barrier, their dependence on dihedral angle and substituent, and their relative magnitudes as calculated by ab initio and INDO SCF–MO theory. We find a gross disparity in the INDO representation of π* interactions which leads to a grossly exaggerated estimate of the stability of gauche conformers in these molecules. These findings appear to have serious implications for the applicability of INDO ‐like theories to conformational problems in π‐bonded molecules, including those of biological interest.
Plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells cooperate in crosspriming AAV capsid-specific CD8+ T cells (2017)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a replication-deficient parvovirus that is extensively used as a gene therapy vector. CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses against the AAV capsid protein can, however, affect therapeutic efficacy. Little is known about the in vivo mechanism that leads to the crosspriming of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells against the input viral capsid antigen. In this study, we report that the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-MyD88 pattern-recognition receptor pathway is uniquely capable of initiating this response. By contrast, the absence of TLR2, STING, or the addition of TLR4 agonist has no effect. Surprisingly, both conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) are required for the crosspriming of capsid-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, whereas other antigen-presenting cells are not involved. TLR9 signaling is specifically essential in pDCs but not in cDCs, indicating that sensing of the viral genome by pDCs activates cDCs in trans to cross-present capsid antigen during CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell activation. Cross-presentation and crosspriming depend not only on TLR9, but also on interferon type I signaling, and both mechanisms can be inhibited by administering specific molecules to prevent induction of capsid-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Thus, these outcomes directly point to therapeutic interventions and demonstrate that innate immune blockade can eliminate unwanted immune responses in gene therapy.
KSSL: experiments in wireless internet security (2001)

Internet enabled devices continue to proliferate and are expected to surpass traditional Internet clients in the near future. This has opened up exciting new opportunities in the mobile e-commerce market. However, data security and privacy remain major concerns in the current generation of wireless web offerings. All such offerings today use a security architecture that lacks end-to-end security. This unfortunate choice is driven by perceived inadequacies of standard Internet security protocols like SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) on less capable CPUs and low-bandwidth links.

This report presents our experiences in implementing and using standard security mechanisms and protocols on small devices. We have created new classes for the Java 2 Micro-Edition (J2ME™) platform that offer fundamental cryptographic operations such as message digests and ciphers as well as higher level security protocols like SSL. Our results show that SSL is a practical solution for ensuring endto- end security of Internet transactions even within today's technological constraints.
Improving summarization through rhetorical parsing tuning (1998)

We study the relationship between the structure of discourse and a set of summarization heuristics that are employed by current systems. A tight coupling of the two enables us to learn genre-specific combinations of heuristics that can be used for disambiguation during discourse parsing. The same coupling enables us to construct discourse structures that yield summaries that contain textual units that are not only important according to a variety of position-, title-, and lexical-similarity-based heuristics, but also central to the main claims of texts. A careful analysis of our results enables us to shed some new light on issues related to summary evaluation and learning. 1 Motivation Current approaches to automatic summarization employ techniques that assume that textual salience correlates with a wide range of linguistic phenomena. Some of these approaches assume that important textual units contain words that are used frequently (Luhn, 1958; Edmundson, 1968) or words that are use...
Temperature Effects on the Rate of Ty Transposition (1984)

An assay has been developed to measure the rate of transposition of the transposable element Ty in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The assay is based on the altered expression of the glucose-repressible alcohol dehydrogenase gene of yeast upon insertion of a Ty in front of this gene. By this assay the transposition rate of Ty elements was found to increase approximately 100-fold at temperatures lower than 30 degrees C, the optimum growth temperature for Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The Position of Innervation Zones in the Biceps Brachii Investigated by Surface Electromyography (1985)

A linear surface electrode array placed along the muscle fibers detects motor unit action potentials propagating bilaterally to the tendons. The location of the propagation source is presumed to mark an innervation zone. We developed a computer program, which automatically determined the potential source by applying a correlation calculation and a linear regression to the recorded signals. The spacing between the contacts in the electrode array was 5.0 mm, whereas for some recordings the histogram indicating the position of estimated source had a sharp peak concentrated in a 1.0 mm area. In the biceps brachii some subjects were found to have two innervation zones separated by 10-20 mm. The peaks corresponding to the innervation zones differentially changed their histogram scores according to the contraction force. We also constructed an electrode assembly, which had four columns of the linear electrode arrays, and clarified the distribution of the innervation zones in the biceps brachii.
Newly Acquired Left Bundle-Branch Block: The Framingham Study (1979)

Cardiovascular abnormalities were identified prospectively in all 70 persons who developed complete right bundle-branch block (RBBB) in The Framingham Study during 18 years of biennial follow-up. Most were hypertensive before the appearance of RBBB. Although the initial appearance of RBBB was usually unaccompanied by overt clinical events, the subsequent incidence of coronary disease and congestive failure was two and one-half and four times greater, respectively, than that in matched control subjects without RBBB. The incidence of cardiovascular disease mortality was almost three times greater in persons who developed RBBB than in an age-matched sample of the population-at-large. This excess of cardiovascular disease mortality was related primarily to the high prevalence of associated cardiovascular abnormalities. Only 21% remained free from clinically apparent cardiovascular abnormalities. A QRS duration of greater than or equal to 130 ms and a QRS axis between -45 degrees and -90 degrees identified those most likely to have associated cardiovascular abnormalities.
Clinical Experience with a New Pulsatile Assist Device (PAD®) During Open‐Heart Surgery (1978)

ABSTRACT Until now, it has not been possible to routinely use counterpulsation during open‐heart surgery. A new pulsatile assist device (PAD®) has been developed to convert roller pump flow to pulsatile flow in a simple fashion. In addition, the PADr̀ can be used as an arterial counterpulsator before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The PAD® is inserted in the arterial line close to the aortic root. The device consists of a flexible, valveless balloon through which the arterial blood flows. The balloon is contained within a rigid plastic housing which is connected to a standard intra‐aortic balloon pump unit, thereby enabling the blood‐filled balloon to be squeezed. The PAD® was employed in 400 adult patients undergoing open‐heart surgery for coronary artery and/or valvular heart disease from 1975 to 1978. Seventy‐two percent of these patients were categorized in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV, or had ejection fractions of less than 0.3. The device functioned as a hemodynamically effective counterpulsator before and after CPB. Urinary outputs during CPB were more than doubled on the PAD® when compared to a control group. In addition, during CPB, coronary graft blood flow increased an average of 21.4% with the PAD®. Free plasma hemoglobin levels after CPB were not elevated. Only eight patients (2%) had a perioperative myocardial infarction. Six patients were treated with intra‐aortic balloon pumping (IABP) and five survived. Total mortality in this series was eight patients (2%). It is suggested that the PAD® is a simple and reliable device for both intraoperative counterpulsation and creation of pulsatile CPB. More significantly, use of the PAD® may decrease both the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction and the need for postoperative IABP.
Behind the screens: collecting obsolete electronic equipment for recycling (1995)

The electronics revolution means ever shortening lifespans for many of the industry's products. Now that we have the technology to recycle them it is timely to develop recovery systems. This paper will consider the experience of the first few months of a collection service, assess its environmental and economic sustainability and discuss possible ways forward for the scheme.
Tailoring nanopore formation in atomic layer deposited ultrathin films (2017)

Selectivity is a critical attribute of catalysts used in manufacturing of essential and fine chemicals. An excellent way to induce selectivity in catalysts is by using ultrathin films with tailored nanoporosity. For instance, nanopores can be created in atomic layer deposition (ALD) ultrathin over-coatings on supported metal nanoparticles by subjecting the coatings to high temperature annealing. These nanopores expose the active surface of the underlying metal nanoparticles. The dimensions of these nanopores can be tuned to impart shape selectivity: only reactants or products with a specific size or shape can fit inside the pore. In this work, the authors explore the underlying mechanism driving nanopore formation in ALD films. Ultrathin films of ALD TiO2 (∼2.5 nm thick) and ALD Al2O3 (∼4.9 nm thick) were deposited on nonporous γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles. The pore formation and evolution were monitored in situ during thermal annealing using small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), and the crystallinity was monitored by in situ x-ray diffraction. A correlation between the nanopore formation and amorphous to crystalline phase transitions in the ALD layers was observed. The authors hypothesize that the pores form through the relaxation of stress induced by densification of the ALD films during the phase transitions. The authors developed a mathematical model to evaluate this hypothesis and found remarkable agreement between the model and the SAXS measurements.
Proving the effectiveness of training (1997)

Discusses the importance of proving the effectiveness of training. Effectiveness is the primary motive for training. Describes ways to evaluate training’s effectiveness, behaviour changes on the job being the most important. Defines an approach whereby individuals can see how they have changed and quantify the amount of change.
Hip Fracture and the Use of Estrogens in Postmenopausal Women (1987)

To assess the effect of postmenopausal use of estrogens on the subsequent risk of hip fracture, we performed a retrospective cohort study of 2873 women in the Framingham Heart Study. Information obtained at routine biennial examinations about the use of estrogens, body weight, age at menopause, smoking, and alcohol consumption was used to evaluate the risk of hip fracture among postmenopausal women who received estrogens. Hip fractures occurred in 179 postmenopausal women, at a rate that increased exponentially after the age of 50. The risk of fracture was inversely related to weight at all ages. The relative risk of hip fracture in subjects who had taken estrogens at any time was 0.65 after adjustment for age and weight (95 percent confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.98). The adjusted relative risk in women who had taken estrogens within the previous two years was further reduced, to 0.34 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.98). Taking estrogens within four years of menopause also protected against fracture. The number of women in each age group who took estrogens was insufficient for a definitive evaluation of risk, but recent use of estrogens appeared to be protective in women under the age of 65 (no fractures among those who took estrogens) and those 65 to 74. We cannot exclude some degree of selection bias among the women who received estrogen-replacement therapy. Nevertheless, this large cohort study supports the hypothesis that postmenopausal use of estrogens protects against subsequent hip fracture in women.
Microwave plasma stream transport system for low temperature plasma oxidation (1984)

A compact microwave plasma stream transport system is newly developed for low temperature plasma oxidation studies. The principle of the system is to irradiate magnetically confined oxygen plasma onto the sample to be oxidized in a clean vacuum environment while irradiating it with a pulsed-CO2 laser beam during plasma oxidation to enhance the reaction. Optical diagnosis of the microwave generated oxygen plasma shows that highly excited oxygen atoms and molecular ions are present in the plasma. The oxygen plasma is transported to the silicon substrate without serious loss and interaction with the vacuum vessel. 1 h irradiation of a silicon surface at 700 ° C substrate temperature produces a 23 nm thick, high quality SiO2 layer formation. Electrical properties of the plasma oxidized SiO2–Si interface were examined by making MOS diodes. Interface state densities of the MOS capacitors for the plasma oxidized SiO2 exhibited a value of 7×1010 cm−2 eV−1. This value is very close to the one for the thermally oxidized SiO2, and two orders smaller than that reported in conventional biased plasma anodization.
The mechanical properties of the rubber gasketed joints on ductile iron pipes (2019)

<p>The mechanical properties of the rubber gasketed joints on ductile iron pipes are analyzed, which are commonly used in the water supply system. The theoretical calculation formulas of the maximum pull force and moment in the the rubber gasketed joints are deduced, and the maximum safe rotation is given. Based on the early test results, the stiffness matrix of the rubber gasketed joints on ductile iron pipes is established. Outcome of the research project can offer theoretical and technical support for the numerical simulations on the rubber gasketed joints.</p>