gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic work of the Dominion Observatory, Ottawa, during 1936 (1937)

In the process of a reorganization affecting certain branches of the Canadian Government service, a transfer was made on December 1, 1936, of the work and personnel of the Magnetic Division of the Meteorological Service to the Dominion Observatory, Ottawa. The work of the magnetic observatories and that relating to the magnetic survey of Canada will in future be under the direction of the Dominion Astronomer. Magnetic observatories —Canada has at present two permanent magnetic observatories. One situated at Agincourt, near Toronto, has been in continuous operation since September, 1898, when it replaced the one at Toronto which had commenced operations in 1839; the other is situated at Meanook, about 90 miles north of Edmonton, Alberta, where it has been in continuous operation since 1916.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (2002)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a new investigational technique used to explore various neural processes and treat a variety of neuropsychiatric illnesses. The most notable advantage of TMS is its ability to directly stimulate the cortex with little effect on intervening tissue. Single-pulse stimulation techniques can measure cortical inhibition, facilitation, connectivity, reactivity, and cortical plasticity, providing valuable insights into the cortical physiology. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) is currently being used to investigate cognitive processes and as a treatment tool in disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Both TMS and rTMS are safe and well tolerated. The most serious side effect of high-frequency rTMS is seizures. TMS represents an exciting new frontier in neuroscience research, providing insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders.
Enhanced electron field emission properties of diamond-like carbon films using a titanium intermediate layer (1999)

Substantially improved uniformity and enhanced electron field emission properties of hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were obtained using a titanium intermediate layer after the annealing process. Large emission current densities of 2.08 mA cm-2 at 14.3 V µm-1 and 7.20 mA cm-2 at 25.7 V µm-1 were achieved for DLC/Ti/Si film annealed at 430 °C for 0.5 h. Its field emission was much more uniform than that of as-prepared DLC/Ti/Si and DLC/Si films. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) showed that C has been amply diffused into the Ti layer. An x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum of the annealed DLC/Ti/Si film after 10 min of argon ion sputtering showed the formation of TiC at the interface between the DLC and Ti/Si substrate. This interaction and interdiffusion of C and Ti could significantly lower the Schottky barrier height between the DLC and Ti/Si substrate. The result was that electrons induced from the Ti/Si substrate can be easily penetrated into DLC films, which enhances the field emission properties.
The Molecular and Electronic Structure of Octahedral Tris(phenolato)iron(III) Complexes and Their Phenoxyl Radical Analogues: A Mössbauer and Resonance Raman Spectroscopic Study (1999)

One, two, and three coordinated phenoxyl radicals are formed by a series of differently substituted tris(phenolato)iron(III) complexes, [FeIIIL], which undergo three reversible one-electron oxidations. The cations [FeIIIL]+. and [FeIIIL]2+.. have been characterized by zero- and applied field Mössbauer and resonance Raman spectroscopy. Both techniques prove unambiguously and independently that these oxidations are ligand- rather than metal-centered processes.
Comparative analysis of cytokeratin 15, TDAG51, cytokeratin 20 and androgen receptor in sclerosing adnexal neoplasms and variants of basal cell carcinoma (2015)

Combination of CK20 and AR best differentiated these sclerosing adnexal neoplasms. Greater positivity for CK15 and TDAG51 generally favors benign lesions. Infundibulocystic BCC has higher CK20 and lower AR immunopositivity than other BCC variants and a high degree of CK15 and TDAG51 positivity.
Transcriptional signature of Ecteinascidin 743 (Yondelis, Trabectedin) in human sarcoma cells explanted from chemo-naive patients (2005)

Ecteinascidin 743 (ET-743; Yondelis, Trabectedin) is a marine anticancer agent that induces long-lasting objective remissions and tumor control in a subset of patients with pretreated/resistant soft-tissue sarcoma. Drug-induced tumor control is achievable in 22% of such patients, but there is no clear indication of the molecular features correlated with clinical sensitivity/resistance to ET-743. Nine low-passage, soft-tissue sarcoma cell lines, explanted from chemo-naive patients with different patterns of sensitivity, have been profiled with a cDNA microarray containing 6,700 cancer-related genes. The molecular signature of these cell lines was analyzed at baseline and at four different times after ET-743 exposure. The association of levels of TP53 mutation and TP73 expression with ET-743 sensitivity and cell cycle kinetics after treatment was also analyzed. Gene expression profile analysis revealed up-regulation of 86 genes and down-regulation of 244 genes in response to ET-743. The ET-743 gene expression signature identified a group of genes related with cell cycle control, stress, and DNA-damage response (JUNB, ATF3, CS-1, SAT, GADD45B, and ID2) that were up-regulated in all the cell lines studied. The transcriptional signature 72 hours after ET-743 administration, associated with ET-743 sensitivity, showed a more efficient induction of genes involved in DNA-damage response and apoptosis, such as RAD17, BRCA1, PAR4, CDKN1A, and P53DINP1, in the sensitive cell line group. The transcriptional signature described here may lead to the identification of ET-743 downstream mediators and transcription regulators and the proposal of strategies by which ET-743-sensitive tumors may be identified.
Identifying Medication Targets for Psychostimulant Addiction: Unraveling the Dopamine D3 Receptor Hypothesis (2015)

The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is a target for developing medications to treat substance use disorders. D3R-selective compounds with high affinity and varying efficacies have been discovered, providing critical research tools for cell-based studies that have been translated to in vivo models of drug abuse. D3R antagonists and partial agonists have shown especially promising results in rodent models of relapse-like behavior, including stress-, drug-, and cue-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. However, to date, translation to human studies has been limited. Herein, we present an overview and illustrate some of the pitfalls and challenges of developing novel D3R-selective compounds toward clinical utility, especially for treatment of cocaine abuse. Future research and development of D3R-selective antagonists and partial agonists for substance abuse remains critically important but will also require further evaluation and development of translational animal models to determine the best time in the addiction cycle to target D3Rs for optimal therapeutic efficacy.
Anthropological Perspectives on Classification Systems (1994)

'Some anthropological perspectives on classification systems are presented here. Such systems have been extensively studied by cognitive anthropologists; the area of work is often referred to as ethnoscience.We summarize work related to three specific domains: color terms, biological classifications, and kinship terminology. Some generalizations that can be drawn from this work involve categories, features, and the structure of classification systems; variations in terminology and system metrics are also discussed.The conclusions and generalizations from this work are relevant to the design and use of classification systems to support information retrieval applications.
A zero crossing avoidance predistortion technique for polar transmitters (2008)

This paper presents a predistortion technique that facilitates analogue signal reconstruction in polar transmitters. The predistortion consists to prevent the instantaneous amplitude to go down or very close to zero for complex modulations where this can normally happen. The technique called zero crossing avoidance was successfully applied to the 8PSK modulation of the Bluetooth standard. Its benefit for decreasing spectral leakage into adjacent channels and reducing the peak frequency deviation of the modulation are demonstrated.
Technical note (2003)

The authors have developed a trans-tibial socket fabrication system based on the "dilatancy" principle, a process that has been commonly used in forming wheelchair Seating. The CIR Sand Casting System replaces plaster of Paris with sand for forming both a negative sand mould and a positive sand model, which can be modified for either thermoplastic socket formation or resin lamination. Initial clinical trials suggest that fabrication times are approximately 90 minutes from patient evaluation and casting to dynamic alignment. Compatibility with all existing prosthetic components is retained. It is believed the CIR socket fabrication system may be a competitive alternative for prosthetic service providers in developing countries.
Release of Neuronal HMGB1 by Ethanol through Decreased HDAC Activity Activates Brain Neuroimmune Signaling (2014)

Neuroimmune gene induction is involved in many brain pathologies including addiction. Although increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines has been found in ethanol-treated mouse brain and rat brain slice cultures as well as in post-mortem human alcoholic brain, the mechanisms remain elusive. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a nuclear protein that has endogenous cytokine-like activity. We previously found increased HMGB1 in post-mortem alcoholic human brain as well as in ethanol treated mice and rat brain slice cultures. The present study investigated the mechanisms for ethanol-induced release of HMGB1 and neuroimmune activation in a model of rat hippocampal-entorhinal cortex (HEC) brain slice cultures. Ethanol exposure triggered dose-dependent HMGB1 release, predominantly from neuronal cells. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) promoted nucleocytoplasmic mobilization of HDAC1/4 and HMGB1 resulting in increased total HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 release. Similarly, ethanol treatment was found to induce the translocation of HDAC1/4 and HMGB1 proteins from nuclear to cytosolic fractions. Furthermore, ethanol treatment reduced HDAC1/4 mRNA and increased acetylated HMGB1 release into the media. These results suggest decreased HDAC activity may be critical in regulating acetylated HMGB1 release from neurons in response to ethanol. Ethanol and HMGB1 treatment increased mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β as well as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Targeting HMGB1 or microglial TLR4 by using siRNAs to HMGB1 and TLR4, HMGB1 neutralizing antibody, HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin and TLR4 antagonist as well as inhibitor of microglial activation all blocked ethanol-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β. These results support the hypothesis that ethanol alters HDACs that regulate HMGB1 release and that danger signal HMGB1 as endogenous ligand for TLR4 mediates ethanol-induced brain neuroimmune signaling through activation of microglial TLR4. These findings provide new therapeutic targets for brain neuroimmune activation and alcoholism.
Home network configuring scheme for all electric appliances using ZigBee-based integrated remote controller (2009)

Controlling the electric appliances is the essential technique in the home automation, and wireless communication between the residence gateway and electric appliances is one of the most important parts in the home network system. In these days, most of the electric appliances are controlled by infrared remote controllers. However, it is very difficult to connect most of the electric appliances to a home network, since the communication protocols are different. In this paper, we propose an integrated remote controller to control electric appliances in the home network with no extra attachment of communication device to the appliances using ZigBee protocol and infrared remote controller technology. The integrated remote controller system for home automation is composed of integrated remote controller, ZigBee to infrared converter, and ZigBee power adapter. ZigBee power adapter is introduced for some appliances which do not have even infrared remote device to be connected in home network. This paper presents a prototype of the proposed system and shows a scheme for the implementation. It provides high flexibility for the users to configure and manage a home network in order to control electric appliances.
Wide-Area Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET) Architecture and Applications (2010)

Recent developments in smart grid technology have spawned interest in the use of phasor measurement units to help create a reliable power system transmission and distribution infrastructure. Wide-area monitoring systems (WAMSs) utilizing synchrophasor measurements can help with understanding, forecasting, or even controlling the status of power grid stability in real-time. A power system frequency monitoring network (FNET) was first proposed in 2001 and was established in 2004. As a pioneering WAMS, it serves the entire North American power grid through advanced situational awareness techniques, such as real-time event alerts, accurate event location estimation, animated event visualization, and post event analysis. Several papers published in the past several years discussed the FNET structure and its functionality. This paper presents some of the latest implementations of FNET's applications, which add significant capacities to this system for observing power system problems.
Further Experience with Bilateral Operations for Inguinal Hernia in Infants and Children (1969)

Simpson, Thomas E. M.D.; Gunnlaugsson, Gunnar H. M.D.; Dawson, Brian M.B.; Lynn, Hugh B. M.D. Author Information
Inhibition of apoptosis improves outcome in a model of congenital muscular dystrophy (2004)

The most common form of human congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) is caused by mutations in the laminin-alpha2 gene. Loss of laminin-alpha2 function in this autosomal recessive type 1A form of CMD results in neuromuscular dysfunction and, often, early death. Laminin-alpha2-deficient skeletal muscles in both humans and mice show signs of muscle cell death by apoptosis. To examine the significance of apoptosis in CMD1A pathogenesis, we determined whether pathogenesis in laminin-alpha2-deficient (Lama2(-/-)) mice could be ameliorated by inhibiting apoptosis through either (a) inactivation of the proapoptosis protein Bax or (b) overexpression of the antiapoptosis protein Bcl-2 from a muscle-specific transgene. We found that both of these genetic interventions produced a several-fold increase in the lifespan of Lama2(-/-) mice. Bax inactivation also improved postnatal growth rate and myofiber histology and decreased fixed contractures of Lama2(-/-) mice. Thus, Bcl-2 family-mediated apoptosis contributes significantly to pathogenesis in the mouse model of CMD1A, and antiapoptosis therapy may be a possible route to amelioration of neuromuscular dysfunction due to laminin-alpha2 deficiency in humans.
Electrochemical conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to fuels: tuning of the reaction zone using suitable functional groups in a solid polymer electrolyte (2014)

The electrochemical reduction of gaseous CO2 is studied for the first time using sterically hindered bulky quaternary ammonium ions in a solid polymer matrix at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in a developed electrochemical reactor. Some new insights are found, leading to an effective reaction process. It is found that the reaction zone can be tuned to a great extent with the help of fixed functional groups attached to the solid polymer. To illustrate the concept, solid polymer electrolytes with the same backbone and different fixed functional groups are synthesized. It is found that only a change to the functional group in the membrane is needed to dramatically change the efficiency and selectivity of the reaction products. Suitable groups may increase the mass transfer of CO2 at the reaction interface and help as a co-catalyst. This work may open a new approach for the development of next generation processes for gaseous CO2 electroreduction to fuels, which is a present need.
On the mechanism of glow discharge detection of microwave and millimeter-wave radiation (1975)

A simplified and unified model of glow-discharge detection of microwave/millimeter wave radiation, compatible with experimental data reported to date, is presented. Emphasis is placed on the roles of the potential gradient and the electrode geometry.
Potash fertilizer on potatoes: Yields of field-run White Rose potatoes increased materially by potash treatments in fertilizer trials in Madera County (1958)

Out of 11 trials completed over a nine-year period, significant responses—increases as high as 31%—have been obtained from five out of six trials on Ripperdan soils. In the sixth trial on Ripperdan soil and in one trial out of three on Hanford soils, the response was only slightly below the degree of significance. No response was obtained in one trial each on a Ripperdan-Dinuba soil and on a Grangeville soil.
A Convoluted Structure for Miniaturized Dual-Bandstop Frequency Selective Surface (2018)

A miniaturized dual-bandstop frequency selective surface (FSS) using convoluted structures is proposed in this letter. The working central frequencies of the proposed FSS are 2.66 and 5 GHz with -3 dB bandwidths of 1.5 and 1.2 GHz, respectively. The side length of the unit cell is 6.88 mm, which is about 5.9% of the wavelength at the first working frequency. The equivalent circuit and current distributions are introduced to explain the FSS frequency performance. The effects of the geometrical parameters on the frequency response of the FSS are studied. The simulated results show that the ratio of the frequencies of the two working transmission zeros can be tuned over a wide range. A prototype of the proposed FSS is fabricated and measured. The simulation and measured results show that the working frequencies, the bandwidths of the passband, and two stopbands of the proposed FSS perform excellent stabilities under different polarizations and incidence angles. This FSS is a good candidate to isolate the wireless networks.
Detection of grapevine yellows symptoms in Vitis vinifera L. with artificial intelligence (2018)

Abstract Grapevine yellows (GY) are a significant threat to grapes due to the severe symptoms and lack of treatments. Conventional diagnosis of the phytoplasmas associated to GYs relies on symptom identification, due to sensitivity limits of diagnostic tools (e.g. real time PCR) in asymptomatic vines, where the low concentration of the pathogen or its erratic distribution can lead to a high rate of false-negatives. GY's primary symptoms are leaf discoloration and irregular wood ripening, which can be easily confused for symptoms of other diseases making recognition a difficult task. Herein, we present a novel system, utilizing convolutional neural networks, for end-to-end detection of GY in red grape vine (cv. Sangiovese), using color images of leaf clippings. The diagnostic test detailed in this work does not require the user to be an expert at identifying GY. Data augmentation strategies make the system robust to alignment errors during data capture. When applied to the task of recognizing GY from digital images of leaf clippings—amongst many other diseases and a healthy control—the system has a sensitivity of 98.96% and a specificity of 99.40%. Deep learning has 35.97% and 9.88% better predictive value (PPV) when recognizing GY from sight, than a baseline system without deep learning and trained humans respectively. We evaluate six neural network architectures: AlexNet, GoogLeNet, Inception v3, ResNet-50, ResNet-101 and SqueezeNet. We find ResNet-50 to be the best compromise of accuracy and training cost. The trained neural networks, code to reproduce the experiments, and data of leaf clipping images are available on the internet. This work will advance the frontier of GY detection by improving detection speed, enabling a more effective response to the disease.
Phosphate Modulates Transcription of Soybean VspB and Other Sugar-Inducible Genes (1994)

Avi Sadka, Daryll B. DeWald, Gregory D. May, William D. Park, John E. Mullet, Phosphate Modulates Transcription of Soybean VspB and Other Sugar-Inducible Genes, The Plant Cell, Vol. 6, No. 5 (May, 1994), pp. 737-749
Dynamics of Octadecylphosphonate Monolayers Self-Assembled on Zirconium Oxide:  A Deuterium NMR Study (2002)

Deuterium NMR spectroscopy has been used to probe the dynamics of deuterated octadecylphosphonate (−1,1−d2) (ODPA−d2) monolayers on nonporous ZrO2 powder (surface area ≈ 40 m2/g) over the temperature range of 200−340 K. At 200 K, a broadened Pake doublet with distinct nonrigid characteristics and a horn splitting of approximately 120 kHz was observed. With increasing temperature, the 2H spectrum gradually transforms into a relatively narrow and featureless peak. Spectral simulations are performed with the help of plausible motional models, and the results show that, over the whole temperature range studied, the C1−D bonds have substantial motional freedom with respect to the characteristic 2H NMR time scale. In addition, at each temperature, a weighted superposition of several simulated line shapes with different rates and site populations is required to account for the observed spectral features, indicating the presence of considerable motional heterogeneity within the ODPA monolayers. The results are further discussed in terms of the known characteristics of the ZrO2 surface and of the conformational transitions in the octadecyl chain.
Penile Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation (2009)

Erectile dysfunction (ED) following treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer, particularly radical prostatectomy (RP), is a major quality of life issue that remains unsatisfactorily addressed. With the introduction and use of cavernous nerve-sparing procedures over the past 25 years, many men recover erections postoperatively that enable sexual intercourse unlike in the prior surgical era, when permanent ED postoperatively was certain. Despite this advance, 26-100% of these patients may never recover normal erectile function (EF). Recent advances in the understanding of ED after RP have stimulated great attention to develop penile rehabilitation programs and neuromodulation. The purpose of penile rehabilitation is to prevent adverse corpus cavernosal tissue structural alterations and thereby maximize the chances of recovering functional erections. Rehabilitation programs are common in clinical practice, but there is no definitive evidence to support their efficacy. Neuromodulation represents another strategy for promoting erection recovery postoperatively. This therapy involves the application of neuroprotective interventions, conceivably targeting biological elements involved in the erection response that are affected by neuropathic injury. Well-conducted, controlled trials with adequate follow-up are required in order to determine the erection preservative benefits of these therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this essay is to describe the mechanisms related to post-RP ED, assess the need for penile rehabilitation and neuromodulation following surgery, and analyze the basic science and clinical trial evidence associated with these applications for preserving EF following prostate cancer treatment.