gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of fatty epoxy alcohols using oat seed peroxygenase in nonaqueous media (1999)

Abstract Peroxygenase is an enzyme of higher plants that is capable of using hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide for oxidation of a double bond to an epoxide. A microsomal fraction was prepared from dry oat ( Avena sativa ) seeds. The peroxygenase activity of this fraction was tested using fatty acid hydroperoxide 2a [13( S )‐hydroperoxy‐9( Z ), 11( E )‐octadecadienoic acid] and its methyl ester 2b as sources of peroxygen. These were prepared by the action of soybean lipoxygenase on linoleic acid. A high‐performance liquid chromatographic assay was used to differentiate between peroxygen cleavage and peroxygen cleavage with accompanying double‐bond oxidation Higher activity was obtained with 2b compared to 2a , and peroxygen cleavage activity was observed in both aqueous and organic solvent media. Double‐bond oxidation activity was high only in aqueous media and nonpolar organic solvents. Structural elucidation of the epoxidized product showed it to be the oxylipid, methyl cis ‐9,10‐epoxy‐13( S )‐hydroxy‐11( E )‐octade‐cenoate 4b , demonstrating specificity for epoxidation of the cis double bond. Trihydroxy product was not detected, demonstrating that the epoxide was not hydrolyzed.
Monitoring distributed object and component communication (2004)

This thesis presents our work in the area of monitoring distributed software applications (DSAs). We produce three main results: (1) a design approach for building monitoring systems, (2) a design of a system for MOnitoring Distributed Object and Component Communication (MODOCC) behavior in middleware-based applications, and (3) a proof-of-concept implementation of this system. Monitoring execution aspects of DSAs plays an essential role in improving their quality in terms of user expectations, performance, and reliability. For example, monitoring communication between DSA parts produces information used for discovery of errors and their sources, fault and performance analysis, and also for balancing the work done by system components. Designers and programmers often build utility monitoring systems to support the testing, and operation and maintenance phases of the lifecycle of a DSA product. For this, a monitoring system needs to employ models and mechanisms for maintaining a consistent view on DSA execution, and when necessary to deliver information about application execution during runtime. This thesis focuses on monitoring of DSAs built with object and component technologies, and in particular on the aspects of object and component execution, such as inter-object and inter-component interaction. The manuscript has the following structure: Chapter 1 introduces the area of research, describes in further detail our motives for this work, and establishes our goals. Chapters 2 and 3 introduce terminology and concepts needed throughout the manuscript. Chapter 2 presents the basic terminology and fundamental concepts in the area of monitoring distributed software applications.Chapter 3 presents an overview of object and component middleware technologies. Chapter 4 presents and evaluates most relevant existing monitoring systems, focusing on systems supporting object and component middleware. As a result of this evaluation, we define a set of requirements for our monitoring system. Chapter 5 describes a design approach for monitoring systems. The design approach consists of four stages: Generic Monitoring System (GMS) design, GMS specialization, instrumentation design, and monitor design. Chapters 6, 7, and 8 follow our design approach in order to produce a system for monitoring middleware-based applications. Chapter 6 proposes an architecture of a GMS. The GMS addresses only generic requirements for monitoring. This chapter also reports on the prototype of a GMS that we have built. Chapter 7 presents the design of a MODOCC system. The design includes a monitoring model for monitoring object and component communication, and a design of a middleware instrumentation. This chapter also presents the prototype implementation of the instrumentation. Chapter 8 presents the design and implementation of a basic monitor for visualizing object and component communication. This chapter also presents the use of the MODOCC system and the monitor in three different monitoring applications. Chapter 9 presents a summary of our contributions and discusses possible directions for further research.
GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well laser for high-speed applications (1991)

GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well ridge waveguide laser diodes have been fabricated using MOVPE and a dry etch process for the ridge structure. The threshold currents of these lasers are 10–15 mA at 25°C and the characteristic temperature T0 exceeds 200 K. Modulation bandwidths of up to 14 GHz and relaxation oscillation frequencies of up to 36 GHz are achieved with these devices. The modulation bandwidth exceeds 10 GHz in a temperature range up to 80°C.
Forging of Aluminum Alloys (2005)

Abstract This article begins with discussion on forgeability and the factors affecting the forgeability of aluminum and aluminum alloys. It describes the types of forging methods and equipment and reviews critical elements in the overall aluminum forging process: die materials, die design, and die manufacture. The article discusses the critical aspects of various manufacturing elements of aluminum alloy forging, including the preparation of the forging stock, preheating stock, die heating, lubrication, trimming, forming and repair, cleaning, heat treatment, and inspection. It concludes with a discussion on the forging of advanced aluminum materials and aluminum alloy precision forgings.
Antiinflammatory Efficacy of Extracts of Latex of <i>Calotropis procera</i> Against Different Mediators of Inflammation (2005)

The latex of the plant Calotropis procera has been reported to exhibit potent antiinflammatory activity against carrageenin and formalin that are known to release various mediators. In the present study, we have evaluated the efficacy of extracts prepared from the latex of C procera against inflammation induced by histamine, serotonin, compound 48/80, bradykinin (BK), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the rat paw oedema model. The paw oedema was induced by the subplantar injection of various inflammagens and oedema volume was recorded using a plethysmometer. The aqueous and methanol extracts of the dried latex (DL) and standard antiinflammatory drugs were administered orally 1 hour before inducing inflammation. The inhibitory effect of the extracts was also evaluated against cellular influx induced by carrageenin. The antiinflammatory effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of DL was more pronounced than phenylbutazone (PBZ) against carrageenin while it was comparable to chlorpheniramine and PBZ against histamine and PGE2, respectively. Both extracts produced about 80%, 40%, and 30% inhibition of inflammation induced by BK, compound 48/80, and serotonin. The histological analysis revealed that the extracts were more potent than PBZ in inhibiting cellular infiltration and subcutaneous oedema induced by carrageenin. The extracts of DL exert their antiinflammatory effects mainly by inhibiting histamine and BK and partly by inhibiting PGE2.
Dihydrobenzimidazole chemistry. Part IV. Acid-catalysed reactions of anils and dihydrobenzimidazoles (1969)

Aldehyde anils of o-dialkylamino-o-piperidino-, o-morpholino-, and o-perhydroazepino-aniline are shown to yield equal proportions of the corresponding N-alkylanilines and benzimidazolium salts when treated with acid in cold ethanol solution. These products are shown to arise by cyclisation of the anil to a dihydrobenzimidazole followed by a bimolecular disproportionation involving hydride-transfer. The difference in behaviour of the pyrrolidino- and other anils towards acid is discussed. The formation of stable dihydrobenzimidazoles bearing an NH group is demonstrated.
Preoperative planning of robotics-assisted minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (2010)

This paper outlines a framework for the preoperative planning of robotics-assisted minimally invasive cardiac surgery with application to coronary artery bypass grafting. The intent of the proposed framework is to improve surgical outcomes by considering the intraoperative requirements of the robotic manipulators and the anatomical geometry of the patient's chest. This includes target reachability, instrument dexterity for critical surgical tasks and collision avoidance. Given the patient's preoperative chest computed tomography images, the planning framework aims to determine the optimal location of the access ports on the ribcage, along with the optimal pose of the robotic arms relative to the patient's anatomy. The proposed multi-objective optimality criteria consist of a measure of clearance as well as a new collective kinematic measure. The minimum distances among the robot arms provides a measure for the likelihood of collisions. The proposed kinematic measure is composed of two modified manipulability indices that are dimensionally homogeneous and, in contrast to previously-used measures, are more likely to yield isotropic force and torque distributions when optimized for surgical interventions. The results of a case study illustrate the compatibility of the framework with general guidelines used by experienced surgeons for port selection. Furthermore, the framework surpasses those guidelines by ensuring the feasibility of the solutions in the sense of collision avoidance and surgical target reachability.
View of Unkunginglove (2016)

247-a-3-1-4-10.jpg derived from archival TIFF file. Digital copies were created from a selection of drawings in the original James Walton manuscript collection (MS 247) held in the Manuscripts Section of the Stellenbosch Library and Information Service Collection.
The synthesis and characterization of model interface couples for inorganic matrix composite applications (1994)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1994.
Use of Boron Compounds as Binders in Iron Ore Pelletization (2010)

Low grade iron ores with impurity gangue minerals containing silica and alumina must be upgraded to an acceptable level of iron content. Concentrates, due to their fine sizes, are not suitable to be directly charged to the iron-making processes such as the blast furnace or the DR-plant. Hence, an agglomeration technique should be applied to fine concentrate. The most commonly employed one is pelletizing in iron ore industry. In pelletizing, iron ore, water and a binder are balled in a mechanical disc or drum to produce agglomerates. Bentonite is the most widely used binder. However, it is considered as an impurity due to its high SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 content. Many researchers have investigated different binders, mostly of organic origin, in pursuit of finding a viable alternative binder to bentonite. Organic binders were found to yield good quality green and dry pellets. However, they fail to impart enough strength to the pre-heated and fired pellets as a result of insufficient slag bonding. Boron compounds free of silica and alumina are thought to be a potential solution to overcome the lack of slag forming constituents encountered with organic binders as they are known for their low melting temperatures as well as for their ability to also lower the melting temperatures of silicates. A few researchers have investigated the use of boron compounds in iron ore agglomeration and found promising results which have been covered in this paper.
Review of Magnetic Neurosurgery Research (1995)

Image guided surgical techniques are often used to provide useful localizing information during the course of otherwise “standard” surgical procedures. In this review, a magnetic surgery system (MSS) is described that couples image guidance methods with a novel magnetic treatment delivery system. The MSS was designed with the unique capacity to manipulate an implant remotely, to follow complex curvilinear paths, and to implement serial movements over time without reoperation. Magnetically tipped intracerebral implants are placed on the brain surface and then directed along a target trajectory by means of externally generated magnetic gradients. The location of the implant is calculated by comparing preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging data with intraoperative biplanar fluoroscopic images. A command computer presents the surgeon with relevant MRI-derived images and implements movement commands by sending currents of various strength to the six superconducting magnets suspended about the subject's head. The results of multidisciplinary preclinical research and development work are reviewed.
Synergistic induction of the heat shock response in Escherichia coli by simultaneous treatment with chemical inducers (1995)

Escherichia coli strains carrying transcriptional fusions of four sigma 32-controlled E. coli heat shock promoters to luxCDABE or lacZ reporter genes were stressed by chemicals added singly or in pairs. Much more than additive induction resulted from combinations of cadmium chloride, copper sulfate, ethanol, formamide, 4-nitrophenol, and pentachlorophenol.
nm23-H1 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: correlation with clinical outcome (1998)

The expression levels of nm23-H1 mRNA and its protein in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were detected to clarify the relationship between nm23-H1 and metastasis and prognosis of patients with NPC. nm23-H1 mRNA expression in fresh tissues from 78 patients with NPC was investigated by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR. Routine labeling streptavidin-biotin immuno-histochemistry with the nm23-H1 murine monoclonal antibody was employed to study the expression of nm23-H1 protein in paraffin-embedded specimens from 231 patients with NPC treated in our hospital. The clinical pathologic data and results of follow-up were collected. Comparisons between expression of nm23-H1 protein or mRNA and clinical outcome were performed using the chi2 test. Multivariate prognostic analyses were performed by the Cox regression model. We found that nm23-H1-negative tumors were associated with a higher incidence of lymph-node metastasis (84.2%) than nm23-H1-positive ones (32.8%, p < 0.01). The distant metastasis and loco-regional recurrence rates in the nm23-H1-negative group were 55.8% and 31.68%, respectively but only 17.2% and 11.5%, respectively, in the nm23-H1-positive group (p < 0.01). A significant association was found between expression of nm23-H1 protein and prognosis (p < 0.01). Expression of nm23-H1 protein indicated favorable prognosis, suggesting that the absence of nm23-H1 protein expression was significantly associated with lymph-node metastasis, recurrence and distant metastasis in NPC. Expression of the nm23-H1 gene may be valuable for assessing the prognosis of NPC.
Ni-Zn Ferrite Screen Printed Power Inductors for Compact DC-DC Power Converter Applications (2009)

In this paper, PCB embedded power inductors have been designed, fabricated, and characterized for low power compact DC-DC converter applications by using screen-printing and low temperature processing technologies. These proposed power inductors were comprised of screen-printed Ni-Zn soft ferrite composite cores and two layer vertically stacked spiral type coils. The double stacked spiral coil geometry was applied to reduce the size and to increase the inductance value of the proposed power inductor. The fabricated power inductor with double stacked circular type coils and 9 windings exhibited an inductance of 0.81 muH, a quality factor of 45 at 10 MHz, and a DC rated current of 470 mA. Its size (4.5 mm times 4.5 mm times 0.5 mm (height)) was much smaller than the previously reported devices. The circular type power inductors had smaller size and better performance characteristics than the rectangular type ones.
Essential Oils’ Chemical Characterization and Investigation of Some Biological Activities: A Critical Review (2016)

This review covers literature data summarizing, on one hand, the chemistry of essential oils and, on the other hand, their most important activities. Essential oils, which are complex mixtures of volatile compounds particularly abundant in aromatic plants, are mainly composed of terpenes biogenerated by the mevalonate pathway. These volatile molecules include monoterpenes (hydrocarbon and oxygenated monoterpens), and also sesquiterpenes (hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpens). Furthermore, they contain phenolic compounds, which are derived via the shikimate pathway. Thanks to their chemical composition, essential oils possess numerous biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, etc…) of great interest in food and cosmetic industries, as well as in the human health field.
Two Genotypes of Canine Coronavirus Simultaneously Detected in the Fecal Samples of Dogs with Diarrhea (2004)

Sixty-nine fecal samples from diarrheic puppies were examined by reverse transcription-PCR assays for the M and the S genes of canine coronaviruses (CCoVs). The isolates in 10 samples were recognized as CCoV type I, and the isolates in 6 samples were recognized as CCoV type II, while isolates of both genotypes were simultaneously detected in 53 samples.
SIMPLE Presence Publication Requirements (2003)

The variety of phase functions, theta(z) = arctan X(z)/R(z), observed earlier on the thighs of healthy and seriously ill subjects via localized bioelectrical impedance analysis, can be represented by a model which combines realistic thigh shapes with homogeneous, axially symmetric conductivity tensors. While quantitative results depend sensitively on the way current is injected, it appears to be generally true that d theta/d(z) < 0 whenever phi(r) > phi(z) (and vice versa), where phi(r) and phi(z) are the phases of the radial and longitudinal conductivity components.
Real-time cardiovascular magnetic resonance at high temporal resolution: radial FLASH with nonlinear inverse reconstruction (2010)

Though awaiting thorough clinical evaluation, this work describes a robust and flexible acquisition and reconstruction technique for real-time CMR at the ultimate limit of this technology.
Calibration of a Multicamera Network (2003)

With the advent of laboratories containing dozens of cameras, and the possibility of laboratories containing hundreds of cameras, the question of how to calibrate all the cameras has become pressing. While it is certainly possible to calibrate these networks in a labor intensive manner, a simple, stable, and accurate calibration method is still needed. This paper presents such a method, based on textures printable on a laser printer and mounted on a board. We will show what the problems with the current methods are, and show how these problems can be overcome with a novel use of a trilinear constraint related to the vanishing point constraint, which we call the primsatic line constraint. High accuracy with little user effort is achieved with this method.
Prediction of spontaneous preterm birth (2012)

There were 319 studies evaluating 22 tests. There are many promising tests, for example, history of previous spontaneous preterm birth, cervicovaginal swabs for markers such as fibronectin or HCG, cervical ultrasound, serum CRP and amniotic fluid interleukins for predicting spontaneous preterm birth, but none have exceptional accuracy and the quality of studies was generally poor. Some tests were able to achieve high LR+, but at the expense of LR-, that is, tests good for ruling in disease were poor for ruling out disease and vice versa.
Secure instant messaging protocol preserving confidentiality against administrator (2004)

We study a security enhancement of instant messaging service. After the requirements and the assumptions are addressed, a modified Diffie-Hellman protocol suitable to instant messaging is presented. The main feature of the proposed protocol is to prevent malicious administrator from intercepting plain message and applying data mining techniques to obtain privacy of end users. From the viewpoint of communication and computational costs, the proposed protocol are evaluated and the comparison of some existing protocols is given. In addition, a trial implementation of secure instant messaging system is demonstrated.
Moving-horizon state estimation applied to an industrial polymerization process (1999)

In this paper, a simplified version of a model available from the literature is used to illustrate some of the issues encountered when applying a moving-horizon state estimator (MHSE) to industrial polymerization processes. Results of an online implementation will be presented. This online implementation of moving-horizon state estimation is used to investigate the effects of weight selection, initial conditions and disturbance model structure on estimator performance. Orthogonal collocation is used to discretize the equations allowing simultaneous solution of the estimation problem using commercially available numerically efficient optimization software. These results demonstrate that this class of nonlinear horizon-based estimators can be implemented on industrially relevant problems with modest computing hardware.
Purkinje and scheimpflug imaging for the evaluation of crystalline and intraocular lenses in vivo (2008)

Purkinje and scheimpflug imaging for the evaluation of crystalline and intraocular lenses in vivo
Rifampicin Carrying Poly (D, L‐Lactide)/Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Microspheres: Loading and Release (1996)

The aim of this study is to prepare rifampicin-loaded poly (D,L-lactide)/poly(ethylene golycol) (PDLLA/ PEG) copolymer microspheres as an injectable drug delivery system. PDLLA homopolymers with three different molecular weights (9,760, 14,540, and 23,050 daltons) were synthesized and then transesterified with PEG (with a molecular weight of approximately 3,300-4,000 daltons). By changing the ratio of PEG to PDLLA, block copolymers with different chain structures were synthesized. PDLLA and PDLLA/PEG microspheres in the size range of 2-10 microns were prepared by a modified solvent evaporation technique with the use of methylene chloride as the solvent and methyl cellulose as the emulsifier within the aqueous dispersion medium. Rifampicin was loaded within the microspheres during particle formation. Effects of the solvent/polymer and drug/polymer ratios, PDLLA molecular weight, and PEG content on drug loading and release were investigated. High drug loadings up to 100 mg rifampicin/g polymer were achieved. Both size and drug loadings were decreased by an increase in the solvent/polymer ratio and PEG content and by a decrease in the drug/polymer ratio and PDLLA molecular weight. High release rates were observed in the first 5 days after which constant and slow release rates were noted. Drug release was decreased by a decrease in the solvent/polymer ratio and PEG content and by an increase in the drug/polymer ratio and PDLLA molecular weight.
Dissipative Solitary Waves in Granular Crystals (2009)

We provide a quantitative characterization of dissipative effects in one-dimensional granular crystals. We use the propagation of highly nonlinear solitary waves as a diagnostic tool and develop optimization schemes that allow one to compute the relevant exponents and prefactors of the dissipative terms in the equations of motion. We thereby propose a quantitatively accurate extension of the Hertzian model that encompasses dissipative effects via a discrete Laplacian of the velocities. Experiments and computations with steel, brass, and polytetrafluoroethylene reveal a common dissipation exponent with a material-dependent prefactor.
Phase III Randomized Comparison of Gemcitabine Versus Gemcitabine Plus Capecitabine in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (2009)

On the basis of our trial and the meta-analysis, GEM-CAP should be considered as one of the standard first-line options in locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer.