gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On forbidden state problems for a class of controlled Petri nets (1995)

This paper treats the forbidden state problem for the class of discrete-event dynamical systems (DEDS's) which can be modeled as controlled state machines (CtlSM's). CtlSM's constitute a special class of controlled Petri nets (CtlPN's) where no synchronization requirements are included in the system model. Synchronization and other safety requirements are modeled via sets of forbidden states. In this paper we study methods guaranteeing these constraints by disabling some of the controllable transitions. We assume that the full state is observable. Control logic synthesis taking into account the graphical representation of CtlSM's and the distributed state representation in terms of markings is proposed and justified. Two examples-the cat-and-mouse game and a model of a metro line-illustrate the theoretical results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Metabolic Response to Galactose as a Measure of Hepatic Glucose Release in Man (1978)

1. Galactose utilization after intravenous injection was measured in fed and fasted man together with changes in blood glucose, lactate and insulin. 2. Feeding did not alter blood galactose half-life. 3. The mean increases in blood glucose and lactate were greater in the fasted subjects but their concentrations reached similar values in both fed and fasted states. 4. Plasma insulin increased after galactose in the fasted state, but there was no change in the fed state, indicating that galactose is not insulinogenic. 5. After an intravenous galactose load in the fed state insulin appears to inhibit hepatic glucose release. 6. An intravenous galactose test might be a useful measure of hepatic glucose release under different physiological and pathological conditions.
Force controlled handling with cooperating industrial robots (2022)

In this paper, we discuss the process of "handling a work piece" with cooperating industrial robots with the intention of minimizing the forces inside the work piece during the process. The process is very similar to the single-robot process "pick-and-place", but is analysed for the special case of two robots handling one work piece together. We present a qualitative separation of the process in different phases and explain the necessity for different control strategies per phase. We then present a control scheme for the phase "running into work piece". The paper ends with the discussion of results, taken from our test rig, using the control scheme.
Effective Improvement of Water-Retention in Nanocomposite Membranes Using Novel Organo-Modified Clays as Fillers for High Temperature PEMFCs (2011)

Toward an enhanced water-retention of polymer electrolyte membranes at high temperatures, novel organo-modified clays were prepared and tested as fillers for the creation of hybrid Nafion nanocomposites. Two smectite clays (Laponite and montmorillonite), with different structural and physical parameters, were loaded with various cationic organic molecules bearing several hydrophilic functional groups (-NH(2), -OH, -SO(3)H) and incorporated in Nafion by solution intercalation. The resulted hybrid membranes were characterized by a combination of powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis (DTA/TGA) showing that highly homogeneous exfoliated nanocomposites were created where the individual organoclay layers are uniformly dispersed in the continuous polymeric matrix. In this paper, water-transport properties were investigated by NMR spectroscopy, including pulsed-field-gradient spin-echo diffusion and spectral measurements conducted under variable temperature. Organo-montmorillonite nanofillers demonstrate a considerable effect on the Nafion polymer in terms both of water absorption/retention and water mobility with a remarkable behavior in the region of high temperatures (100-130 °C), denoting that the surface modifications of this clay with acid organic molecules significantly improve the performance of the final composite membrane. (1)H NMR spectral analysis allowed a general description of the water distribution in the system and an estimation of the number of water molecules involved in the hydration shell of the sulfonic groups as well as that absorbed on the organoclay particles.
A simple analytical model for asynchronous dense WDM/OOK systems (1994)

We derive the closed form expression for the bit error probability of asynchronous dense WDM systems employing an external OOK modulator. Our model is based upon a close approximation of the optical Fabry-Perot filter in the receiver as a single-pole RC filter for the signals that are bandlimited to a frequency band approximately equal to one sixtieth of the Fabry-Perot filter's free spectral range. Our model can handle bit rates up to 2.5 Gb/s for a free spectral range of 3800 GHz land up to 5 Gb/s when the power penalty is 1 dB or less
Astaxanthin as a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Modulator: Its Therapeutic Implications (2019)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are part of the nuclear hormone receptors superfamily that plays a pivotal role in functions such as glucose and lipid homeostasis. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a lipid-soluble xanthophyll carotenoid synthesized by many microorganisms and various types of marine life that is known to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and anticancer activities. As such, it is a promising nutraceutical resource. ASX-mediated modulation of PPARs and its therapeutic implications in various pathophysiological conditions are described in this review. ASX primarily enhances the action of PPARα and suppresses that of PPARβ/δ and PPARγ, but it has also been confirmed that ASX displays the opposite effects on PPARs, depending on the cell context. Anti-inflammatory effects of ASX are mediated by PPARγ activation, which induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and gastric epithelial cells. The PPARγ-agonistic effect of ASX treatment results in the inhibition of cellular growth and apoptosis in tumor cells. Simultaneous and differential regulation of PPARα and PPARγ activity by ASX has demonstrated a hepatoprotective effect, maintaining hepatic lipid homeostasis and preventing related hepatic problems. Considering additional therapeutic benefits of ASX such as anti-gastric, cardioprotective, immuno-modulatory, neuroprotective, retinoprotective, and osteogenic effects, more studies on the association between ASX-mediated PPAR regulation and its therapeutic outcomes in various pathophysiological conditions are needed to further elucidate the role of ASX as a novel nutraceutical PPAR modulator.
Use of a Digital Convolution Device to Perform Recursive Filtering and the Cooley-Tukey Algorithm (1968)

Abstract—Three prime tools of time series processing are convolution, recursive filtering, and the Cooley-Tukey spectral analysis algorithm. These three algorithms can be performed in a single special-purpose device. This device can be a high-speed digital convolver with some additional features which allow it to perform recursive filtering and the Cooley-Tukey algorithm. Recursive filtering requires that the convolver be able to store computed values back into its input. The Cooley-Tukey algorithm can be performed if the convolver has sufficient indexing flexibility. These additional features should not impair significantly the efficiency of the convolver, since its primary function is to calculate dot products, an operation common to all three algorithms.
Balance of Monosynaptic Excitatory and Disynaptic Inhibitory Responses of the Globus Pallidus Induced after Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in the Monkey (2005)

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a pivotal role in controlling the activity of both the external and internal segments of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi, respectively). Both nuclei receive monosynaptic excitatory and disynaptic GPe-mediated inhibitory inputs from the STN. Thus, we investigated the balance of these antagonistic inputs that may determine the overall response of pallidum to STN activation in monkeys. Single stimulation of the STN evoked a short-latency excitation followed by a weak inhibition in GPe neurons and a short-latency, very short-duration excitation followed by a strong inhibition in GPi neurons. Burst high-frequency stimulation (BHFS) (10 stimuli with 100 Hz) of the STN (STN-BHFS) evoked powerful excitatory responses in GPe neurons. Local injection of a mixture of 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-6-nitro-2, 3-dioxobenzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX; AMPA/kainate receptor blocker) and 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP; NMDA receptor blocker) greatly diminished or abolished excitatory responses to the STN stimulation. In contrast to the GPe, STN-BHFS evoked a predominantly inhibitory response in GPi neurons. The inhibition could be blocked either by a local application of the GABAA receptor antagonist gabazine or by an injection of an NBQX/CPP/gabazine mixture into the GPe. STN-BHFS induced weak excitatory or inhibitory responses in a small number of phasically active putamen neurons. These data suggest that with single stimulation and during STN-BHFS, the STN-GPe excitatory response dominates over the STN-GPe-GPe recurrent inhibition in the GPe, whereas the STN-GPe-GPi inhibitory response dominates over the STN-GPi excitatory response in the GPi.
Challenges of Cloud Log Forensics (2017)

The forensics1 investigation of cloud computing is faced by many obstacles originating from the complex integration of technologies used to build the cloud and its sheer size. In this research we aim to provide an insight into cloud computing log forensics, as logs are an important source of forensic evidence in the cloud. This is followed with conclusions regarding the issues faced by researchers in log forensics in cloud computing that will aid the research process.
Imaging system for morphometric assessment of absorption or fluorescence in stained cells (1988)

An image acquisition and processing system has been developed for quantitative microscopy of absorption or fluorescence in stained cells. Three different light transducers are used in the system to exploit the best characteristics of these sensors for different biological measurements. A digital scanner, in the form of a linear array charge-coupled device (CCD), acquires data with high spatial and photometric resolution. A color (RGB) camera is employed when spectral information is required for the segmentation of cellular subcomponents. An image-intensified charged-injection device (CID) camera provides for very low light intensity measurements, primarily for fluorescence-labeled cells. Properties of these transducers, such as contrast transfer function, linearity, and photo-response nonuniformity, have been measured. Two dedicated image processing units were incorporated into the system. The front-end processor, based on a digital signal processor, provides functions such as object detection, raw image calibration, compression, artifact removal, and filtering. The second image processor is associated with the frame memory and includes a histogram processor, a dedicated arithmetic logic unit for image processing functions, and a graphics module for one-bit overlay functions. An interactive program was developed to acquire cell images and to experiment with a range of segmentation algorithms, feature extractions, and other image processing functions. The results of any image operation are displayed on the video monitor. Once a desired processing sequence is determined, the sequence may be stored to become part of a command library and can be executed thereafter as a single instruction.
Long-Term Studies of Hantavirus Reservoir Populations in the Southwestern United States: A Synthesis (1999)

A series of intensive, longitudinal, mark-recapture studies of hantavirus infection dynamics in reservoir populations in the southwestern United States indicates consistent patterns as well as important differences among sites and host-virus associations. All studies found a higher prevalence of infection in older (particularly male) mice; one study associated wounds with seropositivity. These findings are consistent with horizontal transmission and transmission through fighting between adult male rodents. Despite very low rodent densities at some sites, low-level hantavirus infection continued, perhaps because of persistent infection in a few long-lived rodents or periodic reintroduction of virus from neighboring populations. Prevalence of hantavirus antibody showed seasonal and multiyear patterns that suggested a delayed density-dependent relationship between prevalence and population density. Clear differences in population dynamics and patterns of infection among sites, sampling periods, and host species underscore the importance of replication and continuity of long-term reservoir studies. Nevertheless, the measurable associations between environmental variables, reservoir population density, rates of virus transmission, and prevalence of infection in host populations may improve our capacity to model processes influencing infection and predict increased risk for hantavirus transmission to humans.
Age-Related Response to Lidocaine-Prilocaine (EMLA) Emulsion and Effect of Music Distraction on the Pain of Intravenous Cannulation (1994)

The results show that lidocaine-prilocaine emulsion is highly effective in preventing pain from venipunctures in young children, the group in most need of prevention.
Summingbird (2014)

Summingbird is an open-source domain-specific language implemented in Scala and designed to integrate online and batch MapReduce computations in a single framework. Summingbird programs are written using dataflow abstractions such as sources, sinks, and stores, and can run on different execution platforms: Hadoop for batch processing (via Scalding/Cascading) and Storm for online processing. Different execution modes require different bindings for the dataflow abstractions (e.g., HDFS files or message queues for the source) but do not require any changes to the program logic. Furthermore, Summingbird can operate in a hybrid processing mode that transparently integrates batch and online results to efficiently generate up-to-date aggregations over long time spans. The language was designed to improve developer productivity and address pain points in building analytics solutions at Twitter where often, the same code needs to be written twice (once for batch processing and again for online processing) and indefinitely maintained in parallel. Our key insight is that certain algebraic structures provide the theoretical foundation for integrating batch and online processing in a seamless fashion. This means that Summingbird imposes constraints on the types of aggregations that can be performed, although in practice we have not found these constraints to be overly restrictive for a broad range of analytics tasks at Twitter.
Compatibility between hearing aids and wireless devices (2002)

In late 1995 the FCC called the cellular phone industry and hearing instrument industry together to address the issue of the hearing aid users ability to use cellular phones. At that point it was becoming increasingly apparent that cellular phones using digital transmission formats could interfere with many hearing aids. This paper presents some of the technical challenges and measurement techniques developed to resolve this interference issue.
Digital Filtering by Polyphase Network: App to Sample-Rate Alteration,and Filter Ba (1976)

Abstruct-The digital filtering process can be achieved by a set of phase shifters with suitable characteristics. A particular set, named polyphase network, is defined and analyzed. It permits the use of recursive devices for efficient sample-rate alteration. The comparison with conventional fiiters shows that, with the same active memory, a reduction of computation rate approaching a of 2 can be achieved when the alteration factor increases. A more substantial gain can be obtained in the direct realization of a uniform bank of recursive filters through combination of the polyphase network with a discrete Fourier bansform (Dm) computer; savings in hardware also result from the low serisitivity of the structure to coefficient word lengths.
High‐resolution structure prediction of a circular permutation loop (2011)

Methods for rapid and reliable design and structure prediction of linker loops would facilitate a variety of protein engineering applications. Circular permutation, in which the existing termini of a protein are linked by the polypeptide chain and new termini are created, is one such application that has been employed for decreasing proteolytic susceptibility and other functional purposes. The length and sequence of the linker can impact the expression level, solubility, structure and function of the permuted variants. Hence it is desirable to achieve atomic-level accuracy in linker design. Here, we describe the use of RosettaRemodel for design and structure prediction of circular permutation linkers on a model protein. A crystal structure of one of the permuted variants confirmed the accuracy of the computational prediction, where the all-atom rmsd of the linker region was 0.89 Å between the model and the crystal structure. This result suggests that RosettaRemodel may be generally useful for the design and structure prediction of protein loop regions for circular permutations or other structure-function manipulations.
Cell Counting for In Vivo Flow Cytometer Signals Using Wavelet-Based Dynamic Peak Picking (2009)

We propose the development of new methods to analyze data produced by a so-called in vivo flow cytometer (IVFC). This technology allows to quantify numbers of specific cells in a living organism and is extraordinarily useful for the quantitative study of diseases such as cancer or other phenomena, including immunological processes. Existing computational methods for the analysis of IVFC signals are based on elementary signal processing and require manual user interaction. To overcome such limitations, we propose the development of improved algorithms that may quantify cells in a reliable and efficient manner, while eliminating the need for user interaction. To this end, we propose a method based on wavelet-based deonoising combined with a dynamic peak-picking procedure. This procedure proves to be reliable on real data, and eliminates the need for certain control experiments which were required for earlier approaches.
Modulation of clinical expression of plaque‐induced gingivitis (2004)

We identified two subpopulations characterized by significant differences in clinical parameters of plaque-induced gingival inflammation, despite similar amounts of plaque deposits and plaque accumulation rates.
Evaluation of UV-Curable Coatings for Aluminum Can Production Case Study (1998)

This study was initiated to review the literature and technology applicable to coating beverage cans, to confirm previous assumptions made about the low air emissions impact of the UV can printing process, to determine energy estimates for thermal and UV process, and to assess cost effectiveness of the top two competing technologies. Results have indicated that the techniques that are most applicable to can printing are the solvent ink and high solids overvarnish printing with thermal curing, or the UV based ink and overvarnish printing with UV curing. Overall, the UV process is significantly lower in energy usage than the thermal process with or without incinerator controls. This is true for the direct consumption of energy at the production site alone, or for the additional impact of energy requirements at the power utility feeding electricity to the can plant.
Very high pressure HPLC with 1 mm id columns (2004)

Theoretical calculations and experimental data indicate that very high pressure HPLC can be performed using 1 and 1.5 mm id columns, and contrary to previous beliefs, the frictional heating generated does not appear to be detrimental to the separation.
22. Linear Least Squares with Linear Equality Constraints by Weighting (1995)

An observation that many statisticians and engineers have made is the following. Suppose one has a linear least squares problem where one would like some of the equations to be exactly satisfied. This can be accomplished approximately by weighting these constraining equations heavily and solving the resulting least squares system. Equivalently, those equations which one does not necessarily want to be exactly satisfied can be downweighted and the resulting least squares system can then be solved.
Fat Digestion in the Newborn (1981)

We have measured lipolytic activity in gastric aspirates obtained at birth in a group of 142 infants. The infants ranged in gestational age from 26 to 41 wk. Lipolytic activity, measured by the hydrolysis of long chain triglyceride ([tri-(3)H]oleate), and expressed as nanomoles FFA per milliliter gastric aspirate per minute was 333+/-66 in 55 small premature infants (gestational age 26-34 wk and body wt 750-2,000 g) and 558+/-45 in a group of 87 larger infants (gestational age 35-41 wk and body wt 2,020-4,000 g). No activity was detected in seven infants with an unusually low pH in the gastric aspirate, 2.88+/-0.44 (compared with a mean pH level of 5.59+/-0.22 in the other 135 infants). Attempts to characterize this lipase showed that it has a molecular weight of 44-48,000, pH optimum of 3.0-5.0, that FFA acceptors (albumin) stimulate activity, whereas bile salts, taurocholate and glycocholate, cause marked inhibition at concentration >3 mM. Our survey shows that enzyme activity is present as early as 26 wk of gestation, increases with gestational age, and has the same characteristics throughout gestation. The data show that the lipase in gastric aspirates differs from pancreatic lipase, but closely resembles human and rat lingual lipase. Because the lipase has a low pH optimum and does not require bile salts, it can act in the stomach where it initiates the hydrolysis of dietary fat. We suggest that intragastric lipolysis is probably of major importance in the newborn and especially in the premature infant where it compensates not only for low pancreatic lipase, but in addition, helps to overcome the temporary bile salt deficiency through the formation of amphiphilic reaction products.
[Vascular and neuronal mechanisms of calcium antagonists. Significance in neurological therapy]. (1986)

Calcium-channel entry blockers are drugs with different chemical properties and a common pharmacological characteristic. Calcium is very important in many physiological mechanisms and could be involved in neuronal damage following cerebral ischemia. Thus, calcium-channel blockers agents could be of interest in medical treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, headache and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Calcium-channel blockers seem to have a direct protective role against neuronal ischemic damage and/or a direct action on cerebral vessels. Some clinical experiences have suggested a protective role of nimodipine in the prevention of ischemic complications related to cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.