gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free volume and viscosity of polymer‐compressed gas mixtures during extrusion foaming (2001)

Extrusion foaming of molten polystyrene (PS) with three physical foaming agents (PFAs), carbon dioxide (CO2), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, and 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, is considered. The concentration of injected PFA was W = 0–5 wt % for CO2 and W = 0–15 wt % for the other agents. The aim of this work is to connect flow and equation of state (EOS) properties under the temperature and pressure conditions encountered during extrusion foaming. The constant-stress viscosity η at σ12 ≅ 40 kPa was measured online at temperatures T ≅ 110–210 °C and pressures P ≅ 5–13 MPa. The EOSs of PS and PFA are analyzed in terms of the Simha–Somcynsky lattice–hole theory. The hole fraction, h = h(T,P), is extracted from the analysis of the experimental pressure–volume–temperature data, and a conventional free-volume fraction is also obtained and related to h. Next, these functions are related to the constant-stress viscosity of PS/PFA mixtures in terms of alternative mixture rules. The T, P and composition dependencies of the system viscosity can be satisfactorily expressed in terms of volume-average hole fractions of the two constituents. An analysis of Newtonian viscosities of PS/PFA systems measured by Kwag et al. [Kwag, C., Manke, C. W., and Gulari, E., J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 1999, 37, 2771] under steady-state conditions results in a satisfactory agreement with the developed procedure. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 342–362, 2001
Cloning, Expression and Identification of a New Trehalose Synthase Gene from &lt;italic&gt;Thermobifida fusca&lt;/italic&gt; Genome (2004)

A new open reading frame in Thermobifida fusca sequenced genome was identified to encode a new trehalose synthase, annotated as "glycosidase" in the GenBank database, by bioinformatics searching and experimental validation. The gene had a length of 1830 bp with about 65% GC content and encoded for a new trehalose synthase with 610 amino acids and deduced molecular weight of 66 kD. The high GC content seemed not to affect its good expression in E. coli BL21 in which the target protein could account for as high as 15% of the total cell proteins. The recombinant enzyme showed its optimal activities at 25 degrees and pH 6.5 when it converted substrate maltose into trehalose. However it would divert a high proportion of its substrate into glucose when the temperature was increased to 37 degrees, or when the enzyme concentration was high Its activity was not inhibited by 5 mM heavy metals such as Cu2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ but affected by high concentration of glucose. Blasting against the database indicated that amino acid sequence of this protein had maximal 69% homology with the known trehalose synthases, and two highly conserved segments of the protein sequence were identified and their possible linkage with functions was discussed.
Uniform and Ordered Copper Nanomeshes by Microsphere Lithography for Transparent Electrodes (2014)

We report a comprehensive simulation and experimental study on the optical and electronic properties of uniform and ordered copper nanomeshes (Cu NMs) to determine their performance for transparent conductors. Our study includes simulations to determine the role of propagating modes in transmission and experiments that demonstrate a scalable, facile microsphere-based method to fabricate NMs on rigid quartz and flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates. The fabrication method allows for precise control over NM morphology with near-perfect uniformity and long-range order over large areas on rigid substrates. Our Cu NMs demonstrate 80% diffuse transmission at 17 Ω/square on quartz, which is comparable to indium tin oxide. We also performed durability experiments that demonstrate these Cu NMs are robust from bending, heating, and abrasion.
Autonomic tool for optimal cache-sharing using evolutionary techniques (2013)

Chip multiprocessors are subject to performance degradation due to inefficient cache management. Conventional cache distribution schemes treat all cores equally, leading to cache-contention issues caused by thrashing behaviors. This paper presents an automation tool that ensures optimal cache-sharing amongst cores executing workloads concurrently and competing for cache resources. We demonstrate that dynamic cache partitioning among selected cores improves overall performance. Our automation tool uses CPU performance counters that feed into a genetic algorithm to ensure optimal cache distribution. This scheme minimizes the overall LLC miss rate by 12.879% and increases the overall IPC by 2.426% over the conventional cache partitioning.
Efficient oxide phosphors for light upconversion; green emission from Yb<sup>3+</sup>and Ho<sup>3+</sup>co-doped Ln<sub>2</sub>BaZnO<sub>5</sub>(Ln = Y, Gd) (2010)

The optical properties of Yb3+ and Ho3+ co-doped Y2BaZnO5, synthesized by solid-state reactions, are investigated in detail. Under 977 nm excitation (∼25 × 10−3 W mm−2), bright green upconversion emission is observed. Concentration dependence studies at room temperature show that relatively high infrared to visible upconversion efficiencies are obtained with values up to ∼2.6%. The results of power dependence studies and temperature-dependent lifetime measurements allow us to determine the dominant upconversion mechanisms in Yb3+:Ho3+ co-doped Y2BaZnO5oxides. The materials presented in this article constitute new and efficient upconversion phosphors which may find utility in a variety of applications.
Splitting Frequency Diversity in Wireless Power Transmission (2015)

This paper investigates the methodology to create multiple frequency modes in a multiresonator system of one transmitter and multiple receivers based on the circuit theory. The multiple frequencies from natural responses of magnetic couplings could be obtained by determining the eigenvalues of a matrix equation. This potentially allows us to diversify transmissions to and from devices. Theoretical calculations and experiments show similar results of the multiple frequencies at given coupling conditions. Models of two, three, and four coils in straight line demonstrate the splitting mode in the spectral domain, which are validated by envelopes of signals. In measurements, three frequencies of 525, 625, and 695 kHz, and four frequencies of 495, 590, 670, and 755 kHz are achieved at the receiver for three- and four-coil models, respectively, when coils are equally distanced by 2 cm. When coupling coefficient of every adjacent coil in three-coil model is 0.2, aggregating the peak power at two and three splitting modes result in 28% and 71%, respectively, more power than that at resonance frequency. Similarly, with two, three, and four modes in four-coil model, the increases are 43%, 23%, and 33% with two, three, and four modes, respectively.
Wedge‐shaped dose distributions by computer‐controlled collimator motion (1978)

We have recently installed a linear accelerator, modified to allow computer control of several machine parameters during irradiation of the patient. As an initial feasibility study of computer-controlled radiation therapy, its application to produce wedge-shaped dose distributions by moving the collimator jaws has been evaluated. The required collimator motions have been calculated with an iterative technique. When these routines were used during irradiations of phantoms containing radiographic film, a good correspondence between calculated and measured dose distributions was observed. It is concluded that computer-controlled motion of the collimator jaws to shape the dose distribution is technically feasible. Additionally, this technique has the advantage that the wedge angle can be continuously adjusted and the isodose curves optimized for a particular depth and field size.
<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> Type III Secretion System Targeting Signals and Novel Effectors Studied with a Cya Translocation Reporter (2003)

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 is a pathogen of tomato and Arabidopsis: The hrp-hrc-encoded type III secretion system (TTSS), which injects bacterial effector proteins (primarily called Hop or Avr proteins) into plant cells, is required for pathogenicity. In addition to being regulated by the HrpL alternative sigma factor, most avr or hop genes encode proteins with N termini that have several characteristic features, including (i) a high percentage of Ser residues, (ii) an aliphatic amino acid (Ile, Leu, or Val) or Pro at the third or fourth position, and (iii) a lack of negatively charged amino acids within the first 12 residues. Here, the well-studied effector AvrPto was used to optimize a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (Cya) reporter system for Hrp-mediated translocation of P. syringae TTSS effectors into plant cells. This system includes a cloned P. syringae hrp gene cluster and the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Analyses of truncated AvrPto proteins fused to Cya revealed that the N-terminal 16 amino acids and/or codons of AvrPto are sufficient to direct weak translocation into plant cells and that longer N-terminal fragments direct progressively stronger translocation. AvrB, tested because it is poorly secreted in cultures by the P. syringae Hrp system, was translocated into plant cells as effectively as AvrPto. The translocation of several DC3000 candidate Hop proteins was also examined by using Cya as a reporter, which led to identification of three new intact Hop proteins, designated HopPtoQ, HopPtoT1, and HopPtoV, as well as two truncated Hop proteins encoded by the naturally disrupted genes hopPtoS4::tnpA and hopPtoAG::tnpA. We also confirmed that HopPtoK, HopPtoC, and AvrPphE(Pto) are translocated into plant cells. These results increased the number of Hrp system-secreted proteins in DC3000 to 40. Although most of the newly identified Hop proteins possess N termini that have the same features as the N termini of previously described Hop proteins, HopPtoV has none of these characteristics. Our results indicate that Cya should be a useful reporter for exploring multiple aspects of the Hrp system in P. syringae.
Multimodal intensification therapy for previously untreated advanced resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, or hypopharynx (2002)

An intensive treatment regimen that improves disease control and treatment compliance is clearly feasible for this patient population. Future plans include modifications to continue to reduce toxicity and expansion to a multi-center Phase II trial to determine if the single institutional results can be duplicated.
A novel, linear voltage variable MMIC attenuator (1990)

Voltage variable attenuators (VVAs) for microwave applications that are fabricated using present technology and design methods feature a nonlinear relationship between the attenuation measured in decibels and the control signal. A novel VVA that features a linear attenuation-control-voltage relationship without the need for external linearization is described. This is accomplished by connecting a number of FET segments in a unique fashion to form a composite FET. The channel resistance of the composite FET constitutes a prescribed function of its gate-source voltage. By careful design the resistance functions that are necessary for realization of linear attenuators are synthesized. The attenuator was fabricated using GaAs MMIC technology employing MESFETs as voltage variable resistors. It is completely passive and does not require a DC supply. The attenuation ranges from 2 to 15 dB over DC to 8 GHz while port impedance is kept close to 50 Omega . The deviation of the attenuation from a straight line is less than 0.2 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calreticulin Promotes Folding/Dimerization of Human Lipoprotein Lipase Expressed in Insect Cells (Sf21) (2003)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a non-covalent, homodimeric, N-glycosylated enzyme important for metabolism of blood lipids. LPL is regulated by yet unknown post-translational events affecting the levels of active dimers. On co-expression of LPL with human molecular chaperones, we found that calreticulin had the most pronounced effects on LPL activity, but calnexin was also effective. Calreticulin caused a 9-fold increase in active LPL, amounting to about 50% of the expressed LPL protein. The total expression of LPL protein was increased less than 20%, and the secretion rates for active and inactive LPL were not significantly changed by the chaperone. Thus, the main effect was an increased specific activity of LPL both in cells and media. Chromatography on heparin-Sepharose and sucrose density gradient centrifugation demonstrated that most of the inactive LPL was monomeric and that calreticulin promoted formation of active dimers. Higher oligomers of inactive LPL were present in cell extracts, but only monomers and dimers were secreted to the medium. Interaction between LPL and calreticulin was demonstrated, and the effect of the chaperone was prevented by castanospermine, an inhibitor of N-glycan glucose trimming. Our data indicate an important role of endoplasmic reticulum-based chaperones for the folding/dimerization of LPL.
Implementing Web access control system for the multiple Web servers in the same domain using RBAC concept (2002)

As the Web server based system is being used more and more, having separate Web servers for each task to distribute the Web server's load are gaining much more popularity over having one main Web server to process all the tasks. When the user tries to access each Web server that contains a number of Web documents that are linked to each other via hyper-links within the domain, each Web server asks the user to follow the verification process even though the user is identical, and this prohibits the user from using the system efficiently. The role based access control method, which is the most suitable access control concept available now for the distributed Web server based system within the domain, is used in this paper. Additionally the method for controlling the level of Web document contents available to the user based on the user's access permission rights is introduced to reduce the granularity of the document content access.
Magic sized ZnS quantum dots as a highly sensitive and selective fluorescence sensor probe for Ag<sup>+</sup>ions (2011)

A green and simple chemical synthesis of magic sized water soluble blue-emitting ZnS quantum dots (QDs) has been accomplished by reacting anhydrous Zn acetate, sodium sulfide and thiolactic acid (TLA) at room temperature in aqueous solution. Refluxing of this mixture in open air yielded ZnS clusters of about 3.5 nm in diameter showing very strong and narrow photoluminescence properties with long stability. Refluxing did not cause any noticeable size increment of the clusters. As a result, the QDs obtained after different refluxing conditions showed similar absorption and photoluminescence (PL) features. Use of TLA as a capping agent effectively yielded such stable and magic sized QDs. The as-synthesized and 0.5 h refluxed ZnS QDs were used as a fluorescence sensor for Ag(+) ions. It has been observed that after addition of Ag(+) ions of concentration 0.5-1 μM the strong fluorescence of ZnS QDs was almost quenched. The quenched fluorescence can be recovered by adding ethylenediamine to form a complex with Ag(+) ions. The other metal ions (K(+), Ca(2+), Au(3+), Cu(2+), Fe(3+), Mn(2+), Mg(2+), Co(2+)) showed little or no effect on the fluorescence of ZnS QDs when tested individually or as a mixture. In the presence of all these ions, Ag(+) responded well and therefore ZnS QDs reported in this work can be used as a Ag(+) ion fluorescence sensor.
Thermal Denaturation:  A Method to Rank Slow Binding, High-Affinity P38α MAP Kinase Inhibitors (2003)

It has been reported that the diaryl urea class of p38alpha inhibitors binds to p38 map kinase with both high affinity and slow binding kinetics (Pargellis et al. Nat. Struct. Biol. 2002, 9, 268-272). The slow binding kinetics of this class of inhibitors is believed to be the result of binding to an allosteric pocket adjacent to the p38alpha active site. The use of traditional kinetic and equilibrium methods to measure the binding affinity of this class of compounds has created many challenges for determination of structure-activity relationships (SAR). The thermal denaturation method provides a means of measuring high-affinity interactions. In this paper, the method of thermal denaturation will be described as it has been applied to the diaryl urea class of p38 map kinase inhibitors.
Adaptive Zooming in Web Cartography (2002)

Abstract Beyond any doubt much of the current web mapping and web GIS applications lack cartographic quality. Thereasons aren't only the technical limitations related to Internet delivery, but also the neglect of one of the maincartographic principles of digital mapping, namely adaptive zooming. Adaptive zooming describes the adjustmentof a map, its contents and the symbolization to target scale in consequence of a zooming operation. The approachdescribed in this paper proposes the combination of two commonly known concepts: on the one hand levelsof detail (LoD) for those object classes, that require high computational cost for the automated generalizationprocess (e.g. buildings, road network); on the other hand an on‐the‐fly generalization for those object classeswhich can be generalized by less complex methods and algorithms (e.g. rivers, lakes). Realizing such interactiveand dynamic concept for web mapping requires the use of vector based visualization tools. The data format bestmeeting the criteria is the W3C standard Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG). Thus, it has been used to implementthe presented ideas in a prototype application for topographic web mapping based on the landscape modelVECTOR25 of the Swiss Federal Office of Topography.
Autoclaves for the study of the effects of deformation on the high temperature aqueous corrosion of metals (1972)

Two autoclaves are described, one suitable for compression testing and the other for tension testing. sealing of the autoclaves, at the point where movement is introduced through the wall, is by PTFE chevrons. With aqueous corrosion media the autoclaves have been found to operate successfully at the working temperature of 573 K. Provision is made for making electrochemical measurements during deformation.
Mosaic Tumor Vessels: Cellular Basis and Ultrastructure of Focal Regions Lacking Endothelial Cell Markers (2005)

Endothelial cells of blood vessels in tumors may be thin, fragile, and defective in barrier function. We found previously that the endothelium of vessels in human colon carcinoma xenografts in mice is a mosaic structure. Approximately 85% of tumor vessels have uniform CD31 and/or CD105 immunoreactivity, but the remainder have focal regions that lack these common endothelial markers. The present study assessed the ultrastructure of the vessel lining and the integrity of the basement membrane in these regions. Using immunolabeling and confocal microscopy, we identified blood vessels that lacked CD31 and CD105 immunoreactivity and then analyzed the ultrastructure of these vessels by transmission electron microscopy. Eleven percent of vessels in orthotopic tumors and 24% of vessels in ectopic tumors had defects in CD31 and CD105 staining measuring on average 10.8 microm (range, 1-41.2 microm). Ultrastructural studies identified endothelial cells at 92% of CD31- and CD105-negative sites in orthotopic tumors and 70% of the sites in ectopic tumors. Thus, most regions of tumor vessels that lack CD31 and CD105 immunoreactivity represent attenuated endothelial cells with abnormal expression of endothelial cell markers, but some are gaps between endothelial cells. More than 80% of the defects lacked immunoreactivity for multiple basement membrane proteins.
An Improved Non-Radioisotopic Reverse Transcriptase Assay and Its Evaluation (1994)

We developed an improved, highly sensitive non-radioisotopic (non-RI) reverse transcriptase (RT) assay (RTA). While the original non-RI method previously reported made use of primer immobilization, our improved method was based on a primer-template immobilization procedure. We tested the template specificity, reproducibility and linearity of the new method in assays of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) RT. The sensitivities of the method previously reported, the improved method and the sensitive radioisotopic (RI-) RTA were compared in assays of recombinant HIV-1 RT, partially purified HIV-1 particles, and the culture supernatant derived from HIV-1-infected cells. For each of these samples except the culture supernatant the improved method was the most sensitive. It appeared that the fetal bovine serum presented in the culture medium interfered with the assay reaction. The curve describing inhibition of the assay reaction by fetal bovine serum showed that the highest degree of sensitivity in the assay was obtained when the culture supernatant sample was diluted four times. With this degree of dilution, the sensitivity of the new method for assay of culture supernatant sample was still half that of the sensitive RI-RTA. Culture supernatants of five peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples obtained from HIV-1-seropositive carriers were assayed by both the improved method and the sensitive RI-RTA; and with each of the methods, however all virus-positive cultures could be detected. The improved non-RI RTA was considered especially useful for assay of culture supernatants for purposes of virus isolation because of its advantages of excellent sensitivity and lack of requirement for radioisotopes.
Transport Time-Delay Simulation for Transmission Line Representation (1968)

Abstract—Two practical methods for obtaining a pure transport time delay are described which are well suited for analog computer applications. Examples of transmission line simulations are given where traveling wave phenomena are of interest. An alternate approximare method of transmission line representation is derived utilizing the natural frequencies of the primitive line and requiring only standard computer components.
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Profiling of Immunomarkers in Rejecting Kidney Allografts for Predicting Response to Steroid Treatment (2012)

Differences in intragraft expression profiles reflect variability in the response to antirejection treatment. In acute rejection, molecular markers, particularly those reflecting T-cell activation, offer superior prognostic value compared with conventional parameters.
Altered expression of Dscam in temporal lobe tissue from human and experimental animals (2011)

Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) is a neural adhesion molecule that plays an essential role in the establishment of neural circuits. Considerable evidence suggests that Dscam is required for axon guidance and dendritic arborization. Our aim was to investigate the expression of Dscam in the temporal lobes of patients with intractable epilepsy (IE) and of experimental animals. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting to examine Dscam expression in thirty-five surgical samples from brains of IE patients and 15 control brain samples. We also measured the levels of Dscam during the entire epileptic process in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Dscam expression in IE patients was significantly higher compared with that in the controls. In addition, Dscam was also highly expressed in the rat brain during the different phases of the epileptic process. It is the first time to find abnormal expression of Dscam in the brain tissues in patients with IE. And this finding provides an experimental evidence for the study of neuronal circuit remodeling and synaptic plasticity in IE, furthermore, our results also suggest that Dscam may be involved in the generation and the development of IE.
Total Synthesis of Ambruticin (2002)

Highly stereoselective radical cyclization and olefin metathesis reactions for the construction of oxacyclic building blocks were key steps in the convergent total synthesis of the orally active antifungal agent ambruticin (1).