gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
No Association between the 20210 G/A Prothrombin Gene Mutation and Premature Coronary Artery Disease (1998)

The 20210 G/A prothrombin gene mutation is associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis but whether there is an association of the mutation with premature coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction remains unclear. To further assess the role of the G/A genotype as a risk factor for arterial vascular disease, we performed a case-control study of 644 patients aged less than 50 years with angiographically proven coronary artery disease, 402 of whom had myocardial infarction, and 679 unrelated healthy control subjects aged less than 50 years, randomly selected from the electoral roll. The prevalence of the G/A genotype was 2.5% in patients with coronary artery disease, and 3.2% in control subjects (odds ratio 0.8; 95% confidence interval 0.35 to 1.83). The mutation was not more frequent among patients with a history of myocardial infarction (2.2%, odds ratio 0.7; 95% confidence interval 0.27 to 2.05), and there was no evidence of an interaction between the prothrombin mutation and conventional cardiovascular disease risk factors. There was no association between genotype and extent of angiographic coronary artery disease (p=0.73). We conclude that the 20210 G/A prothrombin gene mutation is not a major risk factor for premature coronary artery disease in our predominantly Caucasian Australian population.
Efficient Large Volume Acid Fracturing in Openhole Horizontal Well with Pre-Created Circular Notches (2019)

Abstract Tight carbonate reservoirs often require acid fracturing stimulation treatments to exploit them economically. In a horizontal well with a long openhole interval across a tight carbonate reservoir, multiple acid fracturing stages might be desirable, however this typically requires permanent completion devices to isolate discrete target intervals into specific stages. Multistage completions face many complications, such as hole-shape dependence, risk of communication between stages, completion deployment risks, and cost. A simplified completion technique was proposed to enable placement of multiple fractures along the openhole reservoir section without a complex completion. The main challenge in fracturing long openhole horizontal wellbores is limited or lack of control in positioning and orienting initiated fractures. One way to lower the fracturing pressure and force the hydraulic fracture to initiate at one or more desired target depths is to mechanically weaken the formation at specific points along the wellbore. An example of such a weak point is a cavity in the shape of a circular notch cut into the openhole wall. This technique was implemented in a multilateral horizontal water injector well drilled in a tight carbonate reservoir. Four circular notches were cut at predefined depths before stimulation with a goal of creating four separate fractures during one pumping operation. The volume of treating fluids required for the operation was significantly larger compared to a conventional acid fracturing job with only a single fracture propagating. To increase the effectiveness of stimulating all four intervals, degradable particulate diversion material was used during the treatment to temporarily isolate already stimulated fractures and divert treating fluids into less stimulated intervals. The stimulation treatment was successfully placed after the circular notches were created by coiled tubing using a rotational jetting tool with hydrochloric acid. As the primary result of the circular notching and acid fracturing stimulation, the injectivity index of this well increased almost four times. Temperature, caliper, production, and saturation logs were taken before and after fracturing to evaluate the applied completion approach. These measurements confirmed improved overall injectivity and highlighted areas for further improvements to the new technique, mainly related to preventing overstimulation of untargeted laterals in a multilateral well.
Facile Fabrication and High Photoelectric Properties of Hierarchically Ordered Porous TiO<sub>2</sub> (2012)

This paper presents the first successful fabrication of hierarchically ordered porous (HOP) TiO2. Poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) colloidal spheres and triblock copolymer P123 were used as macro- and mesoporous structure-directing agents, and titanium chloride and titanium tetraisopropoxide were used as sources of titania. When the mixture of polymer spheres, P123, and titania precursors were cast on substrates, and conducted for complete solvent evaporation, followed by thermal treatment, large-scale HOP TiO2 can be directly fabricated. The in situ chelate effect between the titania precursors and the poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) plays a key role in the fabrication of HOP TiO2. The as-obtained HOP TiO2 exhibits 50% and 70% greater the highest photocurrent under UV and visible lights, respectively, and far higher photoelectrocatalytic property than commercial TiO2 (P-25).
Wavelet denoising of chirp-like signals in the Fourier domain (2003)

Wavelet shrinkage is a simple yet powerful tool for denoising piecewise smooth signals. In this paper we show that this method fails on chirp-like signals. We propose a new strategy to denoise these types of signals. First, we transform the signal to the Fourier domain, and denoise its Fourier transform using conventional wavelet shrinkage. Then, we obtain the resulting time domain signal with the inverse Fourier transform. The results are compared to the well-known wavelet shrinkage method and the ideal Wiener filtering method.
Broadband Compact 180$^{\circ}$ Hybrid Derived From the Wilkinson Divider (2010)

A novel 180° hybrid is proposed. This hybrid is derived from the Wilkinson divider, where the resistor is simply replaced by a fourth port of equal characteristic impedance, which acts as the ¿ port of the hybrid, while the input port of the original Wilkinson divider acts as the ¿ port. Due to this structure, including only two quarter-wavelength transmission lines, this hybrid has a greatly reduced size compared with the conventional hybrid rat-race and miniaturized variants of it. Furthermore, it exhibits a significantly improved bandwidth. The measured 0.5-dB insertion loss bandwidth is over 200% for ¿ power division and 66% for ¿ power division (with 50-¿ load). Due to its perfectly symmetric configuration, the proposed hybrid features frequency-independent power-dividing balance performance. The 0.5-dB amplitude imbalance for both the ¿ and ¿ port divisions has essentially unlimited bandwidth, and the measured phase imbalance is within 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> over all frequencies. The proposed hybrid also shows excellent ¿ - ¿ port isolation with a measured result exceeding 30 dB over all frequencies.
Stereoselective synthesis of the macrocycle segment of verrucarin J (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective synthesis of the macrocycle segment of verrucarin JJames D. White, J. Paul Carter, and Hollis S. Kezar IIICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 6, 929–932Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00345a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00345a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views806Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Correlation Between the Expression of an <i>Escherichia coli</i> Cell Surface Protein and the Ability of the Protein to Bind to Lipopolysaccharide (1980)

The ompA gene of Escherichia coli codes for a major protein of the outer membrane. When this gene was moved between various unrelated strains (E. coli K-12 and two clinical isolates of E. coli) by transduction, the gene was expressed very poorly. Recombinants carrying "foreign" genes produced no OmpA protein which could be detected on polyacrylamide gels and became resistant to bacteriophage K3, which uses this protein as receptor. The recombinants were sensitive to host-range mutants of K3, indicating a very low level of OmpA protein was produced. When an E. coli K-12 recombinant carrying an unexpressed foreign ompA allele was subjected to two cycles of selection for an OmpA(+) phenotype, a mutant strain was obtained which was sensitive to K3 and which expressed nearly normal levels of OmpA protein in the outer membrane. This strain carried mutations in the foreign ompA gene, as indicated both by genetic mapping and the alteration of a peptide in the mutant OmpA protein. The ability of the OmpA protein to bind to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed similar strain specificity, and the mutant OmpA protein which was expressed in an unrelated host showed enhanced ability to bind LPS from its new host. Thus, cell surface expression of the ompA gene appears to depend upon the ability of the gene product to bind LPS, suggesting that an interaction between the protein and LPS plays an essential role in biosynthesis of this outer membrane protein.
Acquisition of 3-D image of still or moving objects utilizing laser diode range-finding speedometer (2002)

Described is acquisition of a 3-D image of some still or moving objects utilizing the laser diode range-finding speedometer. The laser beam is scanned in x and y directions by two plane mirrors. Measurement errors of both the contour and the depth of a still 10 cm/spl times/10 cm white paper positioned at 30 cm were 1.2 mm or 0.4%, and its measuring time was 30 seconds to survey 11/spl times/11 points. An image of the same square paper moving at 2 mm/s was obtained in 12 seconds surveying 7/spl times/7 points with depth error 1.8 mm or 0.6% and contour error 15 mm or 5%. A 3-D image of a standstill or moving white spherical ball is also obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metachromatic Agar-Diffusion Methods for Detecting Staphylococcal Nuclease Activity (1971)

Based on the metachromatic property of Toluidine Blue O, three, convenient agar-diffusion methods have been developed that enable detection of the nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations as low as 0.005 mug/ml in agar and broth cultures. The interactions of agar and deoxyribonucleic acid with Toluidine Blue O are discussed.
Non-negative Matrix Factorization with Sparseness Constraints (2004)

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a recently developed technique for finding parts-based, linear representations of non-negative data. Although it has successfully been applied in several applications, it does not always result in parts-based representations. In this paper, we show how explicitly incorporating the notion of 'sparseness' improves the found decompositions. Additionally, we provide complete MATLAB code both for standard NMF and for our extension. Our hope is that this will further the application of these methods to solving novel data-analysis problems.
Involvement of Notch Signaling in Wound Healing (2007)

The Notch signaling pathway is critically involved in cell fate decisions during development of many tissues and organs. In the present study we employed in vivo and cell culture models to elucidate the role of Notch signaling in wound healing. The healing of full-thickness dermal wounds was significantly delayed in Notch antisense transgenic mice and in normal mice treated with gamma-secretase inhibitors that block proteolytic cleavage and activation of Notch. In contrast, mice treated with a Notch ligand Jagged peptide showed significantly enhanced wound healing compared to controls. Activation or inhibition of Notch signaling altered the behaviors of cultured vascular endothelial cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a scratch wound healing model in ways consistent with roles for Notch signaling in wound healing functions all three cell types. These results suggest that Notch signaling plays important roles in wound healing and tissue repair, and that targeting the Notch pathway might provide a novel strategy for treatment of wounds and for modulation of angiogenesis in other pathological conditions.
Large valence-band offset in strained-layer<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">In</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">As</mml:mi></mml:math>-GaAs quantum wells (1987)

We report a determination of band offsets in strained-layer ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$-GaAs quantum wells lattice-matched to GaAs. Using a light-scattering method, we find a large offset for the averaged valence bands, which extrapolates to $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{v,\mathrm{av}}=0.49$ eV in the InAs-GaAs system. This vlaue contradicts previous experimental determinations but agrees with predictions of theories that consider charge-transfer effects at the interface. It follows from some of these theories that $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{v,\mathrm{av}}$ has a surprisingly strong uniaxial strain dependence, a fact that is consistent with our experimental result. Our light-scattering experiment leads to a new band structure for the ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$-GaAs system lattice-matched to GaAs in which the ground state for light holes is localized in the ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ layers. This conclusion is supported by photoluminescence excitation experiments.
Computer control of broadly tunable lasers: conversion of a color center laser into a high resolution laser spectrometer (1982)

The conversion of a commercial color center laser (Burleigh FCL-20) into a computer-controlled high resolution laser spectrometer is described. The techniques and methods developed are generally useful for the control of any broadly tunable cw laser. Superposition of several kinds of computer-controlled feedback upon a table look-up (feed-forward) procedure is used for each of the control elements. This feedback removes the coupling between the tuning elements and eliminates the effects of the nonideal properties of the control elements such as PZT hysteresis and creep. The resulting spectrometer is capable of acquiring high resolution (instrumentally limited by free running laser jitter to ~3 MHz) spectra which can be precisely measured (~0.0003 cm(-1)). The spectrometer has routinely made continuous single-mode scans of 30,000 points separated by 10 MHz covering 10 cm(-1).
Introducing Bioorthogonal Functionalities into Proteins in Living Cells (2011)

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, playing crucial roles in virtually every biological process. The revolutionary ability to visualize and monitor proteins in living systems, which is largely the result of the development of green fluorescence protein (GFP) and its derivatives, has dramatically expanded our understanding of protein dynamics and function. Still, GFPs are ill suited in many circumstances; one major drawback is their relatively large size, which can significantly perturb the functions of the native proteins to which they are fused. To bridge this gap, scientists working at the chemistry-biology interface have developed methods to install bioorthogonal functional groups into proteins in living cells. The bioorthogonal group is, by definition, a non-native and nonperturbing chemical group. But more importantly, the installed bioorthogonal handle is able to react with a probe bearing a complementary functionality in a highly selective fashion and with the cell operating in its physiological state. Although extensive efforts have been directed toward the development of bioorthogonal chemical reactions, introducing chemical functionalities into proteins in living systems remains an ongoing challenge. In this Account, we survey recent progress in this area, focusing on a genetic code expansion approach. In nature, a cell uses posttranslational modifications to append the necessary functional groups into proteins that are beyond those contained in the canonical 20 amino acids. Taking lessons from nature, scientists have chosen or engineered certain enzymes to modify target proteins with chemical handles. Alternatively, one can use the cell's translational machinery to genetically encode bioorthogonal functionalities, typically in the form of unnatural amino acids (UAAs), into proteins; this can be done in a residue-specific or a site-specific manner. For studying protein dynamics and function in living cells, site-specific modification by means of genetic code expansion is usually favored. A variety of UAAs bearing bioorthogonal groups as well as other functionalities have been genetically encoded into proteins of interest. Although this approach is well established in bacteria, tagging proteins in mammalian cells is challenging. A facile pyrrolysine-based system, which might potentially become the "one-stop shop" for protein modification in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, has recently emerged. This technology can effectively introduce a series of bioorthogonal handles into proteins in mammalian cells for subsequent chemical conjugation with small-molecule probes. Moreover, the method may provide more precise protein labeling than GFP tagging. These advancements build the foundation for studying more complex cellular processes, such as the dynamics of important receptors on living mammalian cell surfaces.
MicroCT for comparative morphology: simple staining methods allow high-contrast 3D imaging of diverse non-mineralized animal tissues (2009)

With very simple contrast staining, microCT imaging can produce quantitative, high-resolution, high-contrast volume images of animal soft tissues, without destroying the specimens and with possibilities of combining with other preparation and imaging methods. Such images are expected to be useful in comparative, developmental, functional, and quantitative studies of morphology.
GPS moving performance on open sky and forested paths (2007)

In this paper we present a systematic study of the performance of seven different configurations of GPS on a moving vehicle using three different GPS receivers. The seven different configurations are 1) single frequency code differential DGPS, 2) double frequency code differential DGPS, 3) RTK-GPS receiving RTCM correction from a mobile phone, 4) RTK-GPS receiving RTCM correction information via wireless module from base antenna, 5) StarFire WADGPS, 6) StarFire-DGPS dual mode and 7) StarFire-RTK GPS dual mode. As GPS is mostly used in loosely coupled configurations where receiver output is fused with other sensors, the contribution of this paper is the statistical comparison in two dimensions of different GPS configurations using as performance index availability, precision (using standard deviation parameters of each measurement) and reliability. Two types of study environments were tested, open sky and under tree shading. Time for re-acquiring fix solution for RTK-GPS configurations and re-acquiring dual frequency solution by dual frequency configurations are discussed as well. Finally, experimental measurement results show how under tree shading, biased position data with small covariance can be rejected thresholding measurements with small HDOP values and large number of satellites used for solution.
Abnormal Cardiac Rhythms Caused by Acetylcholine (1951)

The effect of topical administration of acetylcholine on the auricular and ventricular surface of the dog's heart was studied. The experiments show the appearance of variform arrhythmias, particularly auricular fibrillation. The tendency for the development of these arrhythmias is diminished, but not abolished by atropinization. The experiments confirm previous results of the authors according to which auricular flutter is due to a rapid stimulus formation in a center. They help explain the occasional appearance of extrasystoles and paroxysmal tachycardias during vagus stimulation in experimental and clinical observations.
Identification of nitrosourea-resistant human rhabdomyosarcomas by in situ immunostaining of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. (1993)

Cellular levels of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) correlate strongly with cellular resistance to carcinogenic and chemotherapeutic agents that produce adducts at the O6-position of guanine in DNA. Although biochemical and molecular assays can indicate the average MGMT content of tissues or tumors, they cannot distinguish mixed populations of cells, such as those that exist in tumor biopsy samples. We have determined MGMT at the cellular level in a panel of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts by in situ immunostaining with a human MGMT-specific antibody employing a very sensitive procedure that involves biotin-avidin coupled horseradish peroxidase with silver-enhanced diaminobenzidine-nickel staining. Two xenograft tumor lines known to be MGMT-deficient were not stained, whereas the nuclei in three MGMT-expressing lines were clearly stained. This is the first demonstration of an in situ procedure that discriminates drug-sensitive MGMT-deficient tumors from drug-resistant MGMT expressing tumors. This procedure should prove useful, therefore, for predicting the susceptibility of tissues and tumors to O6-guanine alkylating agents.
Effect of Mutations in the V3 Loop of HIV-1 gp120 on Infectivity and Susceptibility to Proteolytic Cleavage (1993)

It has been suggested that the V3 domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates has to interact with a cell-surface-associated or endosomal proteinase during virus entry into susceptible cells. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the effect of several mutations in the V3 loop on its susceptibility to proteolytic cleavage by thrombin and cathepsin E and compared it with the effect of these mutations on viral infectivity. The data obtained indicate that, if an interaction between the V3 loop and a proteinase is indeed crucial for viral entry, the substrate requirements for such a proteinase(s) would have to be very complex. In particular, it seems unlikely that a single enzyme with a unique specificity would be able to interact with all of the different HIV-1 and HIV-2/SIV strains isolated so far. Therefore, one would have to postulate the involvement of several cellular proteinases, or proteases with multiple specificities, in V3-based viral tropism.
A moving story (1993)

An employment relocation forced Gill Garrett to establish an entirely new network of professional and personal contacts