gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of the Conformational Equilibria of 2-Z-3-Methyl-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinanes. Steric and Stereoelectronic Influences on the Orientation of the Me2N Substituent on Three-Coordinate Phosphorus (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudy of the Conformational Equilibria of 2-Z-3-Methyl-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinanes. Steric and Stereoelectronic Influences on the Orientation of the Me2N Substituent on Three-Coordinate PhosphorusYande Huang, Jaehoon Yu, and Wesley G. BentrudeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 15, 4767–4773Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00120a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00120a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A neural network classifier for cerebral perfusion imaging. (1994)

Neural networks provide a potentially useful tool in the decision-making task to discriminate patients with AD and cocaine abuse from normal controls.
Transglutaminase-Mediated Modifications of the Rat Sperm Surface in Vitro (1984)

Two transglutaminase-mediated modifications of the rat epididymal spermatozoon surface were demonstrated in vitro. Transglutaminase was effective in promoting the binding of spermidine to the sperm. Moreover, the enzyme, by reacting with one of the major proteins secreted by the rat seminal vesicle epithelium, produced a modified form of the protein with a higher molecular weight and the capability of binding to the sperm cells. A specific physiological role for the enzyme, bringing about modifications of the rat sperm surface in the seminal fluid environment, is suggested.
Comparison of Different Preprocessing and Feature Extraction Methods for Offline Recognition of Handwritten ArabicWords (2007)

Preprocessing and feature extraction are very important steps in automatic cursive handwritten word recognition. Based on an offline recognition system for Arabic handwritten words which uses a semi-continuous 1-dimensional Hidden Markov Model recognizer, different preprocessing combined with different feature sets are presented. The dependencies of the feature sets from preprocessing steps are discussed and their performances are compared using the IFN/ENIT-database of handwritten Arabic words. As the lower and upper baseline of each word are part of the ground truth of the database, the dependency of the feature set from the accuracy of the estimated baseline is evaluated.
FreeLing 3.0: Towards Wider Multilinguality (2012)

FreeLing is an open-source multilingual language processing library providing a wide range of analyzers for several languages. It\noffers text processing and language annotation facilities to NLP application developers, lowering the cost of building those applications.\nFreeLing is customizable, extensible, and has a strong orientation to real-world applications in terms of speed and robustness.\nDevelopers can use the default linguistic resources (dictionaries, lexicons, grammars, etc.), extend/adapt them to specific domains, or –since the library is open source– develop new ones for specific languages or special application needs. This paper describes the general architecture of the library, presents the major changes and improvements included in FreeLing version 3.0, and summarizes some relevant industrial projects in which it has been used.
Anti-influenza virus activity of a lignin fraction from cone of Pinus parviflora Sieb. et Zucc. (1993)

When mice were inoculated intranasally or intracerebrally with lethal doses of influenza virus A/WSN/33, most died within 12 days. However, the infectivity of virus that had been preincubated with a lignin prepared from cones of Pinus parviflora Sieb. et Zucc. (PC-Fr. VI) was significantly reduced. Intraperitoneal or oral administration of PC-Fr. VI, prior to virus inoculation, slightly increased the survival ratio of the infected mice. Experiments using radiolabeled PC-Fr. VI revealed that this fraction effectively binds to virions as well as to cultured cells. These data suggest that PC-Fr. VI either inactivates the virus or induces the anti-viral state in cells by binding to virions or cells.
Bayesian nonparametric modeling of driver behavior (2014)

Modern vehicles are equipped with increasingly complex sensors. These sensors generate large volumes of data that provide opportunities for modeling and analysis. Here, we are interested in exploiting this data to learn aspects of behaviors and the road network associated with individual drivers. Our dataset is collected on a standard vehicle used to commute to work and for personal trips. A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) trained on the GPS position and orientation data is utilized to compress the large amount of position information into a small amount of road segment states. Each state has a set of observations, i.e. car signals, associated with it that are quantized and modeled as draws from a Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP). The inference for the topic distributions is carried out using an online variational inference algorithm. The topic distributions over joint quantized car signals characterize the driving situation in the respective road state. In a novel manner, we demonstrate how the sparsity of the personal road network of a driver in conjunction with a hierarchical topic model allows data driven predictions about destinations as well as likely road conditions.
BARRIERS IN CONSTRUCTION ZONES. VOLUME 1: SUMMARY REPORT. FINAL REPORT (1985)

This study addressed the design and performance of longitudinal barriers for construction zones. The strengths of various connections for portable concrete median barriers (PCB) are analyzed and theoretical treatments of behavior of the PCB during a collision are presented. These analyses along with cost data and crash test information are used to develop a barrier performance rating and selection system. Crash tests on a non-deflecting PCB with various types and sizes of vehicles are reported.
Phosphorylation of sites 3 and 2 in rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase by a multifunctional protein kinase (ATP-citrate lyase kinase). (1985)

A multifunctional protein kinase, purified from rat liver as ATP-citrate lyase kinase, has been identified as a glycogen synthase kinase. This kinase catalyzed incorporation of up to 1.5 mol of 32PO4/mol of synthase subunit associated with a decrease in the glycogen synthase activity ratio from 0.85 to a value of 0.15. Approximately 65-70% of the 32PO4 was incorporated into site 3 and 30-35% into site 2 as determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Release of 32PO4 from the phosphopeptides during automated Edman degradation confirmed the site 3 and 2 assignment. Thermal stability studies established that the phosphorylations of sites 3 and 2 were catalyzed by the same kinase. This multifunctional kinase was distinguished from glycogen synthase kinase-3 on the basis of nucleotide (ATP versus GTP) and protein substrate (glycogen synthase, ATP-citrate lyase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase) specificities. Since the phosphate contents in glycogen synthase of sites 3 and 2 are altered in diabetes and by insulin administration, the possible involvement of the multifunctional kinase was explored. Glycogen synthase purified from diabetic rabbits was phosphorylated in vitro by this multifunctional kinase at only 10% of the rate compared to synthase purified from control rabbits. Treatment of the diabetics with insulin restored the synthase to a form that was readily phosphorylated in vitro.
StreamWeb: Real-Time Web Monitoring with Stream Computing (2011)

A new trend involves Web services such as Twitter beginning to publish streaming Web APIs that enable partners and end users to retrieve streaming data. By combining such push-based Web services and existing pull-based Web services, it is now possible for us to understand the current status or trends of the world in a more real-time way, such as real-time tracking of infectious disease, real-time crime prediction, or real-time marketing, and so various innovative business services are possible. For a system architecture to implement such services, the services are normally built from the scratch, and the performance and scalability depend upon the engineers' skills. In this paper we propose a real-time Web monitoring system called "StreamWeb" on top of a stream computing system called System S developed by IBM Research. The Stream Web system allows developers to easily describe their analytical algorithms for a variety of kinds of Web streaming data without worrying about the performance and scalability, and provides real-time and scalable Web monitoring for massive amounts of data. As an experimental proof-of-concept application, we built an application that monitors a list of keywords in the Twitter streaming data, and that displays any messages including the specified keywords onto a map of the physical location (from Google) where the message was posted. Our system can handle nearly 30 thousand Twitter messages per second on a system with 8 computing nodes. This prototype application confirms that we can build real-time Web monitoring systems while satisfying the needs for high software productivity and for system scalability.
Stereospecific removal of the 16 alpha-hydrogen in the biosynthesis of 5,16-androstadien-3 beta-ol from pregnenolone. (1987)

[16 alpha-2H]Pregnenolone was synthesized by catalytic deuteriation of 3 beta-hydroxy-5,16-pregnadien-20-one followed by base-catalyzed back exchange of the 17 alpha-2H atom, and [16 beta-2H]pregnenolone by catalytic hydrogenation of 3 beta-hydroxy-5,16-[16-2H]pregnadien-20-one, which had been synthesized from [16,16-2H]dehydroepiandrosterone. The labelled pregnenolones were incubated separately with the microsomal fraction of boar testis. The metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the isotope compositions of the following six metabolites were determined: 17-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 5-androstene-3 beta,17 alpha-diol, 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol,16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone and 5,16-androstadien-3 beta-ol. The first four metabolites derived either from [16 alpha-2H]- or from [16 beta-2H]pregnenolone showed essentially the same isotope compositions as those of their respective precursors. The 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone and the 5,16-androstadien-3 beta-ol biosynthesized from [16 alpha-2H]pregnenolone lost the 2H label, while the same metabolites biosynthesized from [16 beta-2H]pregnenolone retained the albel. The result shows that the 16 alpha-hydrogen is stereospecifically removed with the retention of the 16 beta-hydrogen in the biosynthesis of 5,16-androstadien-3 beta-ol.
Bragg gratings in air–silica structured fibers (2003)

We report on grating writing in air-silica structured optical fibers with pure silica cores by use of two-photon absorption at 193 nm. A decrease in propagation loss with irradiation was observed. The characteristic growth curves were obtained.
Film properties of Ti/TiN bilayers deposited sequentially by ionized physical vapor deposition (1998)

Ionized physical vapor deposition (iPVD) has received much attention as a method for depositing material at the bottom and on the sidewalls of the high aspect ratio features proposed for sub-0.25 micron integrated circuits. In this article, we describe the film properties of Ti/TiN bilayers deposited sequentially using the iPVD technique. The experimental configuration consisted of a planar magnetron sputtering source in combination with an inductively coupled RF plasma. TiN was reactively sputtered from a titanium target which remained non-nitrided throughout the deposition, a process commonly referred to in non-ionized PVD as operating in the non-nitrided mode (NNM). These films were analyzed by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, automated four-point sheet resistance probe, x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, stress gauge, and Rutherford backscattering. Highly oriented 〈111〉 TiN was observed on 〈002〉 oriented Ti underlayers. At via aspect ratios of 4:1 with vertical sidewalls, bottom coverage approaching 100% was obtained. Varying process parameters did not change the bulk resistivity significantly, and values as low as 23 μΩ cm were measured for the NNM TiN films. Mechanical stress was strongly influenced by substrate temperature, as has been observed for both conventionally sputtered and collimated Ti/TiN. Below 200 °C, the films were highly compressive, but values below 2 GPa were obtained at 400 °C. RF plasma power and pressure were also found to affect stress. Deposition rates of 900 Å/min were measured, corresponding to a specific deposition rate of 1.8 Å/kW s.
Characteristics of P388/VMDRC.04, a simple, sensitive model for studying P-glycoprotein antagonists. (1994)

Cross-resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a significant problem in the treatment of patients with cancer. The discovery that this phenomenon is associated with the overexpression of a membrane glycoprotein, P-glycoprotein, which acts as a drug efflux pump, has provided a new target for drug development. To develop a model for identifying new compounds which can block the function of P-glycoprotein, we infected P388 mouse leukemic cells with a retrovirus containing a cloned human MDR1 complementary DNA. The new cell line, P388/VMDRC.04, incorporated and overexpressed the human gene as evidenced by Southern blots, increased mRNA and protein synthesis, and recognition by the MRK16 monoclonal antibody. P388/VMDRC.04 was cross-resistant to colchicine, vincristine, and doxorubicin, and the degree of resistance correlated with a reduction in cellular drug accumulation. Unlike many cell lines selected for resistance by growth in increasing concentrations of drug for prolonged periods of time, these cells did not show alternative mechanisms of resistance such as increased synthesis of glutathione or alterations in topoisomerase II. In addition, the sensitivity of P388/VMDRC.04 cells was completely restored by cyclosporin A and trans-flupenthixol. P388/VMDRC.04 cells were subcloned and 10 clones were picked for in vivo evaluation. One subclone grew similarly to parental cells in female BALB/c x DBA/2 F1 mice and showed no responsiveness to therapeutic doses of vincristine or etoposide. The combination of vincristine with cyclosporin A significantly increased the survival of mice inoculated with P388/VMDRC.04 cells. The availability of a cell line that displays the MDR phenotype, overexpresses human P-glycoprotein, but does not contain alterations in at least two well-defined alternative mechanisms of resistance, and that can be grown in simple animal models should facilitate the development of new agents active against this form of chemotherapeutic drug resistance.
Amino Acid Sequence of Rhodotorucine<i>A</i>, a Peptidyl Factor Controlling Mating Tube Formation in<i>Rhodosporidium toruloides</i> (1978)

Journal Article Amino Acid Sequence of Rhodotorucine A, a Peptidyl Factor Controlling Mating Tube Formation in Rhodosporidium toruloides Get access Yuji Kamiya, Yuji Kamiya The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Sakurai, Akira Sakurai The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Saburo Tamura, Saburo Tamura The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nobutaka Takahashi, Nobutaka Takahashi The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Keiko Abe, Keiko Abe The Institute of Applied Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Eiko Tsuchiya, Eiko Tsuchiya The Institute of Applied Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sakuzo Fukui Sakuzo Fukui The Institute of Applied Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 42, Issue 1, 1 January 1978, Pages 209–211, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1978.10862958 Published: 01 January 1978 Article history Received: 10 November 1977 Published: 01 January 1978
The Postnatal Growth of the Temporal Bone and its Implications for Cochlear Implantation in Children (1993)

The postnatal growth of the human temporal bone was examined by direct anatomical measurements on 60 cadaver specimens of all ages. The bones were dissected as one would perform cochlear implant surgery using a posterior tympanotomy approach. Nineteen anatomical/surgical landmarks with implications for cochlear implant surgery were identified on each bone and the distance between these points measured. The temporal bone was found to be a complex structure, phylogenetically, anatomically and functionally consisting of four different parts with independent postnatal development. The inner and middle ears were adult size at birth. The external auditory canal and most parts of the temporal bone were subject to significant lateral growth. The size of the pneumatised mastoid increased in all directions. In the facial recess, however, no postnatal growth was observed. Between birth and adulthood an average of 12 mm (SD 5 mm) of growth was seen directly between the sino-dural angle and the round window, the landmarks approximating the implantation site for the receiver-stimulator and the electrode entry point into the inner ear. However, if an electrode leadwire is fixed at a cortical fixation site such as the posterosuperior point of Macewen's triangle, the leadwire would be subject to approximately 20 mm of growth. These results indicate that a paediatric cochlear implant design incorporating an expandable leadwire to accommodate this growth should allow up to 25 mm of leadwire lengthening. The fossa incudis showed no growth relative to the round window and was found to be a convenient fixation site for the electrode array close to the cochlea. From an anatomical and surgical point of view, cochlear implantation in very young children is feasible, provided the electrode array is secured and the design accommodates for controlled leadwire lengthening.
Essential Role of GATA Transcriptional Factors in the Activation of Mast Cells (2007)

Mast cells are pivotal effector cells in IgE-mediated allergic reactions. GATA transcriptional factors such as GATA-1 and GATA-2 are expressed in mast cells, and recent studies have revealed that both GATA-1 and GATA-2 are required for mast cell development. However, the role of GATA transcriptional factors in differentiated mast cells has remained largely unknown. In this study, we repressed the activity of GATA-1 and GATA-2 by using three different approaches (inducible overexpression of a dominant-negative form of GATA, pharmacological inactivation, or small interfering RNA technology), and analyzed the molecular mechanisms of GATA transcriptional factors in the activation of mast cells. Surprisingly, the repression of GATA activity in differentiated mast cells led to the impairment of cell survival, IgE-induced degranulation, and cytokine production. Signal transduction and histone modification in the chromatin related to protein kinase Cbeta were defective in these cells. These results identify that GATA has a critical role in the activation of mast cell.
The microenvironment in breast cancer progression: biology and implications for treatment (2011)

Breast cancer comprises a heterogeneous group of malignancies derived from the ductal epithelium. The microenvironment of these cancers is now recognized as a critical participant in tumor progression and therapeutic responses. Recent data demonstrate significant gene expression and epigenetic alterations in cells composing the microenvironment during disease progression, which can be explored as biomarkers and targets for therapy. Indeed, gene expression signatures derived from tumor stroma have been linked to clinical outcomes. There is increasing interest in translating our current understanding of the tumor microenvironment to the development of novel therapies.
Fractal Description of Electron Scattering in Solids: Several New Results and a Simple Modelization of the Fractal Dimension (1993)

The fractal behaviour of electron scattering in solids is studied with electron trajectories simulated by Monte Carlo simulations. More precisely, the Hausdorff-Besicovitch dimension is determined for several electrons trajectories simulated in solids of different compositions. Then, a simple model to compute the fractal dimension of electron trajectories in solids is presented, a model which raises a question concerning the maximum value of the backscattering coefficient. Results of Monte Carlo simulations of electron trajectories in several elements with total randomness for the polar and azimuthal angles of scattering are presented as a tentative answer to this question. Finally, the multi fractal behaviour of the energy distribution of backscattered electrons is presented.
Managing event traces for a web front-end to a parallel simulation (2001)

To enhance the widespread use of a parallel supply chain simulator, a web front-end that enables access at any time and from any location has been developed. The front-end provides the capability of model uploading, simulation runs initiation, simulation activities visualization, and simulation statistics collection. Visualizing the simulation activities requires the parallel simulator to record event traces to the file system for displaying purposes. To minimize the negative impact of the recording on the performance of parallel simulation, an event trace management algorithm, coupled with a buffering mechanism, is proposed here. The approach was evaluated using six sample supply chain models. The results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of maintaining the same level of speedup when recording is performed (in the range of 2.5 to 3.0 on a 4-CPU shared memory system), as compared to runs without recording of event traces.
A Comprehensive Introduction to Label Noise (2014)

In classification, it is often difficult or expensive to obtain completely accurate and reliable labels. Indeed, labels may be polluted by label noise, due to e.g. insufficient information, expert mistakes, and encoding errors. The problem is that errors in training labels that are not properly handled may deteriorate the accuracy of subsequent predictions, among other effects. Many works have been devoted to label noise and this paper provides a concise and comprehensive introduction to this research topic. In particular, it reviews the types of label noise, their consequences and a number of state of the art approaches to deal with label noise.