gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sorted averaging-principle and application to auditory brainstem responses (1999)

A new averaging method for evoked potentials, called sorted averaging, is presented. The method requires an ensemble of sweeps stored in memory and is based on the principle of interchangeability of individual sweeps within this ensemble. Sorted averaging is applied by sorting all sweeps according to their estimated background noise and successive averaging of this sorted ensemble, starting with low-noise sweeps. Signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR2) is estimated by calculating the inverse single point variance (Elberling & Don, 1984). This SNR2 estimate increases linearly with the number of sweeps for standard averaging and shows a clear maximum for sorted averaging. Auditory brainstem responses to click stimuli at 70 dB nHL in 20 normal hearing subjects were recorded and 4000 individual sweeps during each run were stored for analysis. In an off-line analysis, SNR2 for standard averaging with 10 microV artefact rejection, for weighted averaging and for sorted averaging were calculated. Sorted averaging was found to yield a significantly higher SNR2.
Free-Standing Flexible Riser: A Novel Riser System for an Optimized Installation Process (2008)

Abstract Free Standing Hybrid Risers (FSHR) are being selected more and more often for floating production systems into ever deeper water, in particular beyond 6500 ft, (2000 m). The main advantages of free standing riser systems are the possibility to disconnect the project execution of the host platform and the riser system and to reduce the load applied by the risers on the host. However a draw back of those systems is the need for installation spreads with high lifting and top tension capabilities to install the buoyancy cans and rigid steel riser pipe as well as the criticality of the supply of some long lead items. The Free Standing Flexible Riser (FSFRTM) allows keeping these advantages but at the same time reducing the requirement for large offshore equipment for the installation associated with a Free Standing Hybrid Riser (FSHR). Beyond the obvious difference of the replacement of rigid steel pipe by flexible pipe the FSFRTM allows a reduction of the riser top assembly and avoids the large size tapered stress joints required for a FSHR. Offshore, flexible pipe installation vessels can be used and the installation method, based on an initiation at the buoy, allows a significant reduction of the suspended length of pipe and of thus of installation top tensions. Due to the pretension in the riser pipe at the seabed, the design challenges related to the axial compression induced by the external pressure are avoided, and the flexible pipe design can be optimised. The paper describes the FSFRTM in detail as well as the implication in terms of design of the flexible pipe and other elements of the system. To give a complete picture the installation method and equipment used are also presented. Several case studies are performed for different offshore areas and for different riser systems. Aspects as design, fabrication, installation and cost are included in the comparison allowing to point out in which conditions the FSFRTM (for which a patent has been applied for) is technically and economically a viable solution. Introduction Free Standing Risers are more and more often selected for very deepwater developments (PDET oil Export system on Petrobras P52, Petrobras Cascade Chinook, BP Block 31, Exxon Kizomba). These systems are generally less cost efficient than more traditional free hanging flexible risers and steel catenary risers but they can be of interest when the project needs exceed the current proven capabilities of the more traditional technologies or when the system needs to be free standing to allow a development of the subsea and risers independently from the host/topsides part of the field. A free standing riser also allows disconnection of the risers in case of hurricanes for example. In addition a free standing riser system will allow reducing the loads acting on the host floater (Ref 1.). Several variations on such systems exist, the Free Standing Flexible Riser is another one in the family but with some very specific particularities that allows a simplification of the offshore installation process.
Permanent administration of d-fenfluramine in rats: paradoxical effects. (1988)

In order to test the hypothesis of Levitzky that d-fenfluramine (d-F) acts by modifying the ponderal set-point, we compared the effects of a permanent infusion of d-F on food intake and body weight (BW). The effect on the weight persisted as long as the infusion; the clear-cut anorectic effect lasted only a few days. This paradox is compatible with the set-point hypothesis. In rats rendered overweight by insulin treatment, the d-F-induced decrease in BW was approximately four times smaller than in controls. In rats rendered overweight by a cafeteria diet, the decrease in BW was twice as large in permanently cafeteria fed rats as in cafeteria, then, ad lib fed rats. In rats rendered underweight by a restricted chow diet and then returned to an ad lib feeding, the final BW depended only on the doses of d-F (0.6 or 12 mg/kg BW/day), whatever the weight at the beginning of infusion. Thus, the underweight paradigm fits well with the set-point hypothesis; the overweight paradigm fits only partially.
Carbonyl-Stabilized Sulfonium Ylids. Reaction with Schiff Bases (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbonyl-Stabilized Sulfonium Ylids. Reaction with Schiff BasesA. J. Speziale, C. C. Tung, K. W. Ratts, and A. YaoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 15, 3460–3462Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01093a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01093a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views819Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A spectral shaping nonlinear binary coded modulation with Gray-mapped QAM signals (2010)

A simple 4-state nonlinear trellis code with Gray-mapped QAM signals is designed which restricts certain symbol transitions in the constellation in order to shape the spectrum. The resulting spectral shaping subset selection code employs sign bit (most significant bit) coding, and is realized as a nonlinear binary convolutional code followed by an M-QAM modulator. The closed form of the power spectral density for the coded modulation is derived and different variations on the coding scheme are compared. The average signal power is analyzed and shown to be unchanged by the coding.
Global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy (2013)

The following Consensus Statement is endorsed by The American Society for Reproductive Medicine, The Asia Pacific Menopause Federation, The Endocrine Society, The European Menopause and Andropause Society, The International Menopause Society, The International Osteoporosis Foundation and The North American Menopause Society.
Analysis of changing factors of Grain system based on Mathematical Modeling (2021)

At present, the global food market is in a very fragile stability: even in a wealthy area, there will be food shortages. It is important for us to optimize the existing food system. In this paper, the food system is simplified to a system composed of five food structures {x_1,…,x_5} such as soybeans, cereals, milk, pork, and vegetables. We establish a multi-obje ctive optimization model from the four aspects of efficiency, profitability, fairness and sustainability; Then, using the historical data, the average value of the total population, rural population, an d agricultural land area of each country in the next five years is predicted through the gray predic tion model. Import the predicted data into the calculation of the multi-objective optimization mod el, when the objective function reaches the global optimal solution F=208.322, the optimal food structure {x_1^*,…,x_5^*} of each country in the next five years can be obtained. For example, the opti mal food structure in China is {1668.6,13557.8,12514.9,3128.7,16686.5}( Unit: 10,000 tons ), w hich increase or decrease 30.2%, 3.0%, 19.5%, -15.8%, 45.6% compared with the current food structure. Finally, a multiple linear regression model was established to consider the five influencing factors of each countries’ agricultural input, pesticide residues, chemical fertilizers, farmers’ arable land area, and national GDP (all predicted by the gray prediction model) to calculate the future annual changes in the food structure v_i, and thus calculate the change time T (The time of China is 4.79 years)
Fibrinolysetherapie beim Hörsturz mir rt-PA (Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator) (1991)

In the course of a pilot study, the effects of fibrinolysis treatment with rt-PA (Actilyse, Thomae, Biberach; 100 mg) on the recovery of hearing and hemorheologic parameters were investigated in 12 patients suffering from sudden hearing loss. The authors' approach was based on two considerations, (1) the possibility that, in cases of sudden hearing loss, the oxygen supply to the cochlea is totally or partially blocked by a microthrombus which could be dissolved by rt-PA and (2) the fact that lysis markedly improves the flow characteristics of the blood (as has been demonstrated in studies with streptokinase and urokinase). This human-plasminogen activator, produced by genetic engineering, is superior (also in terms of possible side-effects) to other lysin enzyme preparations (streptokinase, urokinase) because of its highly selective effects on thrombi (low activation of plasma plasminogen) and its short half-life (approx. 4 min). In nine of 12 patients, the treatment brought about a marked improvement in hearing or its complete restitution (three of the patients has initially been deaf in the affected ear). In the three nonresponders there was serologic evidence of an inner-ear infection (neuroborreliosis, cytomegaly, influenza B). The most interesting rheologic effect was the reduction of plasma viscosity (average decrease about 18%), since such a reduction cannot be attained with other, comparable rheologic measures (isovolemic or hypervolemic hemodilution). In spite of the convincing hemorheologic effects, fibrinolysis cannot yet be recommended as treatment for sudden hearing loss. Further studies have still to be done on spontaneous healing, the effects of hemorheologic measures on the blood circulation of the inner ear, and on the oxygen requirements of the ear affected by hearing loss.
Energy Efficient Cooperative MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

Multiple sensor nodes can be used to transmit and receive cooperatively and such a configuration is known as a cooperative Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system. Cooperative MIMO systems have been proven to reduce both transmission energy and
Stability of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Nickel Anodes (1986)

The effectiveness of three methods of stabilizing nickel anodes in molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) operating environments was examined. Alloying with chromium was effective in retarding sintering at levels as low as 1 weight percent (w/o) chromium. The mechanism of stabilization, however, involved the formation of oxide films which dramatically altered electrode morphology. Dispersion of refractory oxides, e.g., , was effective in stabilizing anode structures at loadings of 1 volume percent. The most promising method of stabilizing the electrode structure was found to be "electroless" plating of Ni and/or Cu onto refractory oxides of , , and . This approach stabilized the structure, while providing optimum flexibility in electrode morphology design.
The putative zinc finger of a caulimovirus is essential for infectivity but does not influence gene expression (1993)

Plant pararetroviruses, such as caulimoviruses, and animal retroviruses have in common the presence of a highly conserved arrangement of cysteines and a histidine in the precursor of the capsid protein. The composition of these amino acids resembles a zinc finger element, a structure that is common to a class of eukaryotic proteins that regulate gene expression. The role of the putative zinc finger in the life-cycle of caulimoviruses was investigated by introducing specific mutations in the coat protein coding region of a cloned and infectious form of figwort mosaic virus, a caulimovirus. This mutated viral genome, which no longer encoded the conserved cysteine and histidine residues, was not infectious in plants. Transient expression assays in protoplasts showed that expression of a reporter gene inserted at different places in the genome was not detectably influenced by the coat protein or its putative zinc finger. It appears that the zinc finger-like element of caulimoviruses is not involved in the regulation of gene expression. These observations support a model which predicts a function of the zinc finger in specific recognition and packaging of viral RNA into virions prior to reverse transcription.
The mediating effect of brand image and information search intentions on the perceived risks associated with online purchasing on a generically-branded website (2009)

Against the background of the slow adoption of the Internet as a channel of retail distribution, the primary objective of this study was to investigate perceived risks associated with intention to purchase online on a generically-branded website. A secondary objective was to examine the influence of brand image and information search behaviour on perceived risk, by investigating whether these two variables can act as intervening variables in influencing consumer intention to purchase on a generically-branded website.
Of the different types of risk perceptions investigated in this study, only performance risk influenced the intentions to purchase on a generically-branded website. The study also found that brand image mediated the influence of performance risk on intentions to purchase on a generically-branded website. Enhancing the brand image would thus lower concerns about the performance risk associated with a generically-branded website. Information search intentions did not, however, mediate the influence of performance risk on intentions to purchase on a generically-branded website. Thus, adding additional information on the website that consumers may find useful will not reduce performance risk or increase intentions to buy.
Reactivity of halogermylenes with various transition-metal complexes. The first germylenes with germanium-transition metal bonds (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivity of halogermylenes with various transition-metal complexes. The first germylenes with germanium-transition metal bondsAnnie Castel, Pierre Riviere, Jacques Satge, Joel J. E. Moreau, and Robert J. P. CorriuCite this: Organometallics 1983, 2, 11, 1498–1502Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om50005a003https://doi.org/10.1021/om50005a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Replication and temperature-sensitive maintenance functions of lactose plasmid pSK11L from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (1991)

The replication region of pSK11L, the lactose plasmid of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (L. cremoris) SK11, was isolated on a 14.8-kbp PvuII fragment by shotgun cloning into an Escherichia coli vector encoding erythromycin resistance and selection for erythromycin-resistant transformants of L. lactis subsp. lactis (L. lactis) LM0230. Deletion analysis and Tn5 mutagenesis of the resulting plasmid (pKMP1) further localized the replication region to a 2.3-kbp ScaI-SpeI fragment. DNA sequence analysis of this 2.3-kbp fragment revealed a 1,155-bp open reading frame encoding the putative replication protein, Rep. The replication origin was located upstream of rep and consisted of an 11-bp imperfect direct repeat and a 22-bp sequence tandemly repeated three and one-half times. The overall organization of the pSK11L replicon was remarkably similar to that of pCI305, suggesting that pSK11L does not replicate by the rolling-circle mechanism. Like pSK11L, pKMP1 was unstable in L. lactis LM0230. Deletion analysis allowed identification of several regions which appeared to contribute to the maintenance of pKMP1 in L. lactis LM0230. pKMP1 was significantly more stable in L. cremoris EB5 than in L. lactis LM0230 at all of the temperatures compared. This stability was lost by deletion of a 3.1-kbp PvuII-XbaI fragment which had no effect on stability in L. lactis LM0230. Other regions affecting stability in L. cremoris EB5 but not in L. lactis LM0230 were also identified. Stability assays conducted at various temperatures showed that pKMP1 maintenance was temperature sensitive in both L. lactis LM0230 and L. cremoris EB5, although the plasmid was more unstable in L. lactis LM0230. The region responsible for the temperature sensitivity phenotype in L. lactis LM0230 was tentatively localized to a 1.2-kbp ClaI-HindIII fragment which was distinct from the replication region of pSK11L. Our results suggest that the closely related L. lactis and L. cremoris subspecies behave differently regarding maintenance of plasmids.
Recombinant antibody production evolves into multiple options aimed at yielding reagents suitable for application-specific needs (2015)

The take-home message is that there is a clear process of progressive diversification concerning the antibody expression platforms and an effort to yield directly application-adapted immune-reagents rather than generic naked antibodies that need further in vitro modification steps before becoming usable.
Phishing Detection Plug-In Toolbar Using Intelligent Fuzzy-Classification Mining Techniques (2013)

Detecting phishing website is a complex task which requires significant expert knowledge and experience. So far, various solutions have been proposed and developed to address these problems. Most of these approaches are not able to make a decision dynamically on whether the site is in fact phished, giving rise to a large number of false positives. In this paper we have investigated and developed the application of an open source intelligent fuzzy-based classification system for e- banking phishing website detection. The main goal of the proposed system is to provide protection to users from phishers deception schemes, giving them the ability to detect the legitimacy of the websites. The proposed intelligent phishing detection system employed Fuzzy Logic (FL) model with classification mining algorithms. The approach combined the capabilities of fuzzy reasoning in measuring imprecise and dynamic phishing features, with the capability to classify the phishing fuzzy rules. The proposed intelligent phishing website detection system was developed, tested and validated by incorporating the scheme as a web based plug-in phishing toolbar. The results obtained are promising and showed that our intelligent fuzzy based classification detection system can provide an effective help for real-time phishing website detection. The toolbar successfully recognized and detected approximately 86% of the phishing websites selected from our test data set, avoiding many miss-classified websites and false phishing alarms.
Sensory bases of attractancy: morphology of mosquito olfactory sensilla-- a review. (1994)

The internal and external ultrastructure of virtually all of the olfactory sensilla of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi have been described. Many other mosquitoes have had their olfactory complements partially described. This review summarizes ultrastructural features and suspected biological roles of the small sensilla coeloconica, large sensilla coeloconica, sensilla ampullaceae, grooved pegs and sensilla trichodea of mosquito antennae, and the capitate pegs of mosquito palps. In addition to a general review of the topic, several new points are raised: 1) the lamellate dendrite is the CO2-sensitive element in the capitate pegs of mosquitoes and in equivalent pegs of certain other insects; 2) the presence of the purported CO2-sensitive lamellate dendrite in many male mosquitoes and other biting flies argues for more widespread occurrence of males seeking out hosts for mating purposes; 3) the grooved pegs, considered to have a single apical pore are olfactory sensilla of the multiporous grooved type bearing many pores along their side grooves; and 4) the large sensilla coeloconica are multiporous grooved sensilla and may have structural and functional equivalences with grooved peg sensilla.
Single-Order, Subwavelength Resonant Nanograting as a Uniformly Hot Substrate for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2010)

The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) activity and the optical reflectance of a subwavelength gold nanograting fabricated entirely using top down technologies on silicon wafers are presented. The grating consists of 120 nm gold cladding on top of parallel silica nanowires constituting the grating's lines, with gaps between nanowires <10 nm wide at their narrowest point. The grating produces inordinately intense SERS and shows very strong polarization dependence. Reflectance measurements for the optimized grating indicate that (when p-polarization is used and at least one of the incident electric field components lies across the grating lines) the reflectance drops to <1% at resonance, indicating that essentially all of the radiant energy falling on the surface is coupled into the grating. The SERS intensity and the reflectance at resonance anticorrelate predicatively, suggesting that reflectance measurements can provide a nondestructive, wafer-level test of SERS efficacy. The SERS performance of the gratings is very uniform and reproducible. Extensive measurements on samples cut from both the same wafer and from different wafers, produce a SERS intensity distribution function that is similar to that obtained for ordinary Raman measurements carried out at multiple locations on a polished (100) silicon wafer.