gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The current status of lasers in the treatment of cardiovascular disease (1984)

This paper reviews the status of lasers in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Fingerprinting Bacterial Metabolic Response to Erythromycin by Raman-Integrated Mid-Infrared Photothermal Microscopy (2020)

We report rapid and sensitive phenotyping of bacterial response to antibiotic treatment at single-cell resolution by a Raman-integrated optical mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) microscope. The MIP microscope successfully detected biochemical changes of bacteria in specific to the acting mechanism of erythromycin with 1 h incubation. Compared to Raman spectroscopy, MIP spectroscopy showed a much larger signal-to-noise ratio at the fingerprint region at an acquisition speed as fast as 1 s per spectrum. The high sensitivity of MIP enabled detection of metabolic changes at antibiotic concentrations below minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Meanwhile, the single-cell resolution of the technique allowed observation of heteroresistance within one bacterial population, which is of great clinical relevance. This study showcases characterizing antibiotic response as one of the many possibilities of applying MIP microscopy to single-cell biology.
Preparation and properties of hydrogels based on hemicellulose (1998)

Xylan with glucuronic acid functionalities, separated from birchwood, was converted into hydrogels by dissolving it together with chitosan in acidic conditions. The hydrogels were formed at certain xylan/chitosan compositions. The mechanism of the gel formation was investigated with FTIR. Complexation between glucuronic acid functionalities of xylan and amino groups of chitosan is suggested to be responsible for network formation. The swelling behavior of these hydrogels was studied at various pH levels and salt concentrations, and the hydrogels responded in a reversible manner to various stimuli. DMA of the films showed separated transitions that may correspond to different phases. Imaging with AFM in TappingMode™ of the surfaces indicated discrete xylan and chitosan phases. A sponge-like microporous structure, as shown with SEM, was formed when a hydrogel was freeze dried. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1661–1667, 1998
Prediction of hepatitis C virus infectivity in seropositive Australian blood donors by supplemental immunoassays and detection of viral RNA (1991)

The prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) enzyme immunoassay (EIA)- positive in 167,511 Australian volunteer blood donors from Adelaide, Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney was 0.78%. One thousand two-hundred and eighteen EIA-positive serum samples were assessed by supplemental tests including a blocking EIA and two peptide EIAs corresponding to major epitopes of the HCV C-100–3 antigen. Seven hundred and eighteen samples (59%) were negative by supplemental testing; no evidence of reactivity with other HCV gene products or HCV RNA detected by cDNA polymerase chain reaction was found in selected samples from this group. In contrast, of 43 samples randomly selected from 400 samples (32.8%) positive by supplemental testing, 88% were reactive with HCV 33-C or core antigens and 52% contained HCV RNA, suggesting contact with HCV and infectivity of most donors in this group. Most samples equivocal by supplemental testing reacted only with C-100 and not with other HCV antigens when tested by dot immunoblot assay. Only 21% had detectable HCV RNA. The battery of assays used in this study indicated that approximately 32% of HCV EIA repeatably reactive serum samples were serologically related to HCV, corresponding to a 0.25% prevalence of potentially infectious donors.
The fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotube/polyelectrolyte multilayer composites by layer-by-layer assembly and magnetic field assisted alignment (2009)

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)/polymer composites are widely studied because of their potential for high mechanical performance and multifunctional applications. In order to realize highly ordered multilayer nanostructures, we combined the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly method with magnetic force-induced alignment to fabricate SWNT/poly(ethylamine) (PEI) multilayer composites. The SWNTs were functionalized with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDDBS) to realize negative charge at pH>7, while the PEI is positively charged at pH<7. The LBL method is based on the electrostatic absorption between the charged SWNTs and PEI resin to form multilayer composites on a solid substrate polydimethylsiloxane. Since the fabricated thickness of each SWNT-NaDDBS/PEI bilayer is uniform ( approximately 150 nm), the multilayer film thickness can be strictly controlled via the number of deposition cycles. A high magnetic field (8.5 Tesla) was used to align the SWNTs during the LBL process. The resultant LBL composite samples demonstrated high SWNT loading of approximately 50 wt% and uniform distribution of SWNTs in the multilayer structures, which was verified using a quartz crystal microbalance. Good alignment was also realized and observed through using high magnetic fields to align the nanotubes during the LBL deposition process. The results indicate that the LBL/magnetic alignment approach has potential for fabricating nanotube composites with highly ordered nanostructures for multifunctional materials and device applications.
Synthesis of CDMO from LiOH and EMD and the Performances of Li/CDMO Rechargeable Batteries (1993)

,leading to a capacity of 170-200 mAh/g and demonstrated reasonable discharge and recharge cycle performance for both testcells and practical batteries.
The Mechanisms of Antihypertensive Action of Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Drugs (1982)

Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The fall in blood pressure is associated with a complex chain of hemodynamic events. The transient effects differ from long-term changes. After reviewing the dynamics of beta-blocker induced hemodynamic changes, we propose a scheme to explain both short-term and long-term effects. In this scheme it is suggested that the primary effects are (1) a fall in cardiac output through blockade of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors and (2) a promotion of renal tubular sodium and water loss by blockade of renal tubular beta-adrenergic receptors. The initial reactions of the cardiovascular control system to these effects as well as the final adaptations are discussed. It is suggested that for future developments in the field of beta-adrenergic control of blood pressure further analysis of the renal tubular sympathetic control of sodium and water excretion is necessary.
[Estrogen-like effects of puerarin and total isoflavones from Pueraria lobata]. (2002)

The results showed that puerarin and TIP acted as weak estrogen-like effect on estrogen-deficiency animals, while no effect on normal-estrogen level ones, but as antiestrogen-like effect in high-estrogen-level ones. These results suggested that puerarin and TIP possessed property of partial agonist of estrogen receptor.
Nebulized Glucocorticoids in Liposomes: Aerosol Characteristics and Human Dose Estimates (1994)

We have developed glucocorticoid (GC)-phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposome formulations for pulmonary administration in small-particle aerosol generated by continuous jet nebulizers from aqueous suspensions. Four PC derivatives, i.e., dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine (DLPC), dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), palmitoleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC), and egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) were suitable for efficient delivery of GC-liposome aerosol with different topically active GC, i.e., beclomethasone (Bec), budesonide (Bud), flunisolide (Flu), triamcinolone acetonide (Taa), and dexamethasone (Dex). Aqueous aerosol droplets containing GC-liposomes demonstrated a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) range of 1.2 - 1.9 μm and geometric standard deviation (GSD) range of 2.0 -2.6. A phase transition temperature (Tc) of PC below nebulizer temperature was critical for efficient GC-liposome nebulization. DLPC was selected for development because of its performance, increased stability, and low Tc. Sites of deposition in the human respiratory tract were calculated from a computer model based on the GC-liposome aerosol MMAD, GSD, and GC content. The predicted regional deposition of Bec-DLPC liposome aerosol in the oropharynx was 2.5%, 4.9% in Weibel airway generations 0-16, and 17.5% in generations 17-23, while 75.1% of aerosol will be exhaled. From these data, human dosages equivalent to those recommended by MDI could be delivered within 15-30 minutes of inhalation (depending on GC potency) to treat inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract.
On the privacy provisions of Bloom filters in lightweight bitcoin clients (2014)

Lightweight Bitcoin clients are gaining increasing adoption among Bitcoin users, owing to their reduced resource and bandwidth consumption. These clients support a simplified payment verification (SPV) mode as they are only required to download and verify a part of the block chain---thus supporting the usage of Bitcoin on constrained devices, such as smartphones. SPV clients rely on Bloom filters to receive transactions that are relevant to their local wallet. These filters embed all the Bitcoin addresses used by the SPV clients, and are outsourced to more powerful Bitcoin nodes which then only forward to those clients transactions relevant to their outsourced Bloom filters.
Merocyanine 540-sensitized photoinactivation of high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells: potential application in autologous BMT. (1993)

This paper reports on the preclinical evaluation of merocyanine 540 (MC540) as an agent for the inactivation of tumour cells in BM grafts from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. The three cell lines used for this study, OCI-LY13.1, OCI-LY13.2 and OCI-LY9, originate from two patients with high-grade NHL. The OCI-LY13.1 and OCI-LY13.2 lines are derived from the same patient. The OCI-LY13.1 line was established at the time of diagnosis while the OCI-LY13.2 line was established after the tumour had become refractory to therapy. When used under conditions that are known to preserve about 50% of normal human pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-GEMM), MC540-sensitized photoirradiation reduced in vitro clonogenic OCI-LY9 cells by 4 orders of magnitude and OCI-LY13.1 and OCI-LY13.2 cells by > or = 5. Survival curves for OCI-LY13.1 and OCI-LY13.2 cells were similar and followed first order kinetics, while those for OCI-LY9 cells were distinctly biphasic. Suspension cultures established with photoinactivated lymphoma cells confirmed that MC540-sensitized photoirradiation was cytotoxic and capable of eliminating > or = 4 log of tumour cells. These results encourage the further exploration of MC540-sensitized photoirradiation as a means to purge autologous marrow grafts from NHL patients.
The Notch signaling pathway: Transcriptional regulation at Notch target genes (2009)

The Notch gene encodes a transmembrane receptor that gave the name to the evolutionary highly conserved Notch signaling cascade. It plays a pivotal role in the regulation of many fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation, stem cell maintenance and differentiation during embryonic and adult development. After specific ligand binding, the intracellular part of the Notch receptor is cleaved off and translocates to the nucleus, where it binds to the transcription factor RBP-J. In the absence of activated Notch, RBP-J represses Notch target genes by recruiting a corepressor complex. Here, we review Notch signaling with a focus on gene regulatory events at Notch target genes. This is of utmost importance to understand Notch signaling since certain RBP-J associated cofactors and particular epigenetic marks determine the specificity of Notch target gene expression in different cell types. We subsequently summarize the current knowledge about Notch target genes and the physiological significance of Notch signaling in development and cancer.
Biosynthesis of winter flounder antifreeze proprotein in <i>E.coli</i> (1989)

A semisynthetic winter flounder antifreeze proprotein (proAFP) coding region was constructed and inserted into a lacZ expression vector. ProAFP was produced from the vector in Escherichia coli as a C-terminal fusion to the first 289 amino acids of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). The proAFP and beta-gal domains of the beta-gal-proAFP fusion protein were separated by the recognition signal for the blood coagulation protease, factor Xa. Upon induction with isopropylthio-beta-D-galactoside the fusion protein accumulated to levels of 15% of the total protein. The beta-gal-proAFP fusion protein was partially purified by differential centrifugation, but required solubilization prior to factor Xa digestion. The solubilized fusion protein was efficiently and correctly cleaved by factor Xa, after which the proAFP was purified by gel permeation. Bacterial proAFP was indistinguishable from natural proAFP by the criteria of antifreeze activity, amino-terminal sequence (15 cycles), reverse-phase HPLC and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Circular dichroism measurements showed that proAFP is a composite of random coil and alpha-helical secondary structure, with an alpha-helix content of 44% at 0 degrees C. It seems probable that the C-terminal region of proAFP, which corresponds to the mature AFP protein, is mainly alpha-helical, and that the N-terminal pro-segment is random coiled.
Serum c-<i>erb</i>B-2 in Breast Cancer Patients (1994)

The c-erbB-2 oncogene product in serum (serum c-erbB-2) was measured by an enzyme-immunoassay kit. The 12 U/ml cut-off level was estimated as the mean plus two standard deviations for 250 healthy women. With this cut-off level increased serum c-erbB-2 was found in 12.0% of primary breast cancer cases (n = 25), in 4.9% of non-recurrent breast cancer patients (n = 82), and in 31.4% of patients with recurrent breast cancer (n = 35). In patients with primary and recurrent breast cancer, whose sera were assayed concurrently for serum c-erbB-2, CEA and CA15-3, the positive rates of these markers were fairly similar. However, their combined use significantly increased the sensitivity as compared to the use of any one marker alone.
Non-Invasive On-Chip Light Observation by Contactless Waveguide Conductivity Monitoring (2014)

Photonic technologies lack non-invasive monitoring tools to inspect the light inside optical waveguides. This is one of the main barriers to large scale integration, even though photonic platforms are potentially ready to host thousands of elements on a single chip. Here, we demonstrate non-invasive light observation in silicon photonics devices by exploiting photon interaction with intra-gap energy states localized at the waveguide surface. Light intensity is monitored by measuring the electric conductance of the silicon core through a capacitive access to the waveguide. The electric contacts are located at suitable distance from the waveguide core, thus introducing no measurable extra-photon absorption and a phase perturbation as low as 0.2 mrad, comparable to thermal fluctuations below 3 mK. Light monitoring with a sensitivity of -30 dBm and a dynamic range of 40 dB is demonstrated in waveguides and high-Q resonators, and for the tuning of coupled-resonator optical filters. This approach realizes a ContactLess Integrated Photonic Probe (CLIPP), that is simple, inherently CMOS compatible, non-invasive and scalable to hundreds of probing points per chip. The CLIPP concept provides a viable route to real-time conditioning and feedback control of densely-integrated photonic systems.
Measurement of the maximum speed of PMD fluctuation in installed field fiber (2003)

A polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) transient recorder setup was realized enabling for the first time to our knowledge the monitoring of fast PMD fluctuation with a bandwidth of up to 1 MHz. Thirty-six hours of observation of an installed field fiber exhibits significant PMD variation within 10 ms.
An Investigation of the Flow Structures and Flow Control in a Variable Geometry Turbine (2011)

The flow structures of a variable geometry turbine at operating conditions of different nozzle open positions were investigated through CFD simulations. The flow field structures of the VGT at highly off-design operating conditions were presented. The evolution of the secondary flow vortex structures was studied. CFD results show that at open nozzle position, there is a recirculation zone on the nozzle vane pressure surface, and the rotor blade is under a considerable negative incidence, which leads to a passage vortex on the pressure surface of the blade. At closed nozzle position, the flow into the rotor has positive incidence, which leads to a recirculation zone on the suction surface. At highly off-design conditions, the passage vortex caused by the misalignment of the rotor inlet flow angle and the rotor blade angle accounts the most important losses of turbine flow. The turbine flow was controlled by adjusting the blade inlet angle distribution along the leading edge while keeping the radial-fiber rotor construction. CFD simulations show that the turbine efficiencies are improved in most operating points at both open and closed nozzle conditions.
Animal models as tools to study the pathophysiology of depression (2013)

The incidence of depressive illness is high worldwide, and the inadequacy of currently available drug treatments contributes to the significant health burden associated with depression. A basic understanding of the underlying disease processes in depression is lacking; therefore, recreating the disease in animal models is not possible. Popular current models of depression creatively merge ethologically valid behavioral assays with the latest technological advances in molecular biology. Within this context, this study aims to evaluate animal models of depression and determine which has the best face, construct, and predictive validity. These models differ in the degree to which they produce features that resemble a depressive-like state, and models that include stress exposure are widely used. Paradigms that employ acute or sub-chronic stress exposure include learned helplessness, the forced swimming test, the tail suspension test, maternal deprivation, chronic mild stress, and sleep deprivation, to name but a few, all of which employ relatively short-term exposure to inescapable or uncontrollable stress and can reliably detect antidepressant drug response.
Molecular Ecology Techniques for the Study of Aerobic Methanotrophs (2007)

1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand 2Department of Bioresources/Microbiology, ARC Siebersdorf Research GmbH, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria 3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England Methane oxidation can occur in both aerobic and anaerobic environments; however, these are completely different processes involving different groups of prokaryotes. Aerobic methane oxidation is carried out by aerobic methanotrophs, and anaerobic methane oxidizers, discovered recently, thrive under anaerobic conditions and use sulfate or nitrate as electron donors for methane oxidation (11, 104). This review will focus on the aerobic oxidation of methane.
Inhibition of histone methyltransferase <scp>EZH</scp>2 depletes leukemia stem cell of mixed lineage leukemia fusion leukemia through upregulation of p16 (2014)

Leukemia stem cells (LSC) are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and persistent LSC after chemotherapy are supposed to be a major cause of relapse. However, information on genetic or epigenetic regulation of stem cell properties is still limited and LSC-targeted drugs have scarcely been identified. Epigenetic regulators are associated with many cellular processes including maintenance of stem cells. Of note are polycomb group proteins, because they potentially control stemness, and can be pharmacologically targeted by a selective inhibitor (DZNep). Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic potential of EZH2 inhibition in mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion leukemia. Intriguingly, EZH2 inhibition by DZNep or shRNA not only suppressed MLL fusion leukemia proliferation but also reduced leukemia initiating cells (LIC) frequency. Expression analysis suggested that p16 upregulation was responsible for LICs reduction. Knockdown of p16 canceled the survival advantage of mice treated with DZNep. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that EZH2 was highly enriched around the transcription-start-site of p16, together with H3K27 methylation marks in MLL/ENL and Hoxa9/Meis1 transduced cells but not in E2A/HLF transduced cells. Although high expression of Hoxa9 in MLL fusion leukemia is supposed to be responsible for the recruitment of EZH2, our data also suggest that there may be some other mechanisms independent of Hoxa9 activation to suppress p16 expression, because expression levels of Hoxa9 and p16 were not inversely related between MLL/ENL and Hoxa9/Meis1 transduced cells. In summary, our findings show that EZH2 is a potential therapeutic target of MLL fusion leukemia stem cells.
Multi-join on parallel processors (1990)

A preliminary evaluation of some multijoin strategies and their performances on parallel hardware is described. The hardware used was a Sequent (under Unix) with 11 usable processors, each with shared and private primary memory. A multijoin was broken down into a series of single joins which were then allocated to clusters, each cluster being a collection of parallel processors. The results of single joins, which were studied by both binary search and hash-merge techniques, were then further processed as necessary. The evaluation was conducted varying a number of parameters, such as cluster size, tuple size and cardinality. The comparative results were plotted. The study highlights the importance of a number of factors that influence the performance of a multijoin operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic Generation of IPSec/VPN Security Policies In an Intra-Domain Environment (2001)

IPSec [1] policies are widely deployed in firewalls or security gateways to protect information property. The security treatment (e.g. deny, allow or encrypt etc.) of all inbound or outbound traffic will be determined by the security policies, and thus it is critical for policies to be specified and configured correctly. IPSec policies are manually configured to individual security gateway in current practice, which could be very inefficient and error-prone. In this research, we focus on two questions: 1) How to ensure policy correctness? 2) How to systematically specify correct policies instead of manually configuring? Apparently, policies are correct if they do what they are wanted to do. However, there is vague relationship between what they are wanted and what they really do. In our research, we clearly defined a higher level policy, called security requirement, and clearly defined their satisfaction. Therefore, policies are correct only if they satisfy all requirements. Furthermore, we designed algorithms to automatically generate correct policies given security requirements. People can specify their requirements at a high level without concerning specific low level parameters, and then correct low level policies will be automatically generated. The automation can not only save tremendous administrative labor but also guarantee the policies are correct.
[Coagulation properties of the extravascular fluid. II. Components of the fibrinolytic system in thoracic-duct lymph]. (1980)

Only little is known about the activity of the fibrinolytic factors outside the vascular space. Therefore fibrinolytic activity was measured in blood and thoracic duct lymph of dogs. The results are summarised as follows: With regards to the fibrinolytic rates, the extravascular spaces take on a special position: There is a profibrinolytical total constellation.