gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of interleukin-1 and platelet-derived growth factor-B as major mitogens for the spindle cells of Kaposi's sarcoma: a combined in vitro and in vivo analysis. (1995)

By means of a combined in vitro and in vivo analysis we provide evidence that IL-1 beta and PDGF-B, but not OSM (oncostatin M) or IL-6, are major mitogens for the spindle cells of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in vivo. PDGF-B and IL-1 beta stimulated proliferation of cultivated KS spindle cells in vitro. Analysis of gene expression in vivo revealed that both factors as well as the PDGF beta-receptor are present in KS lesions. By contrast, IL-6 had no effect and OSM inhibited proliferation of cultivated KS spindle cells. Again, the effect of these factors on cultivated KS spindle cells in vitro was reflected by the gene expression observed in KS lesions in vivo. Neither the expression of IL-6 receptor nor of OSM could be detected in KS lesions by in situ hybridization. Moreover, in situ hybridization revealed an identical pattern of gene expression in cultivated KS spindle cells and KS spindle cells in vivo with respect to the above-mentioned cytokines [PDGF-B, IL-1 beta, IL-1 alpha, IL-6, OSM] and their receptors [PDGF beta-receptor, gp130, IL-6 receptor, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor]. This further supported the suitability of cultivated KS spindle cells as an in vitro model in order to determine which cytokines may activate proliferation of KS spindle cells in vivo.
Location inaccuracies in WSAN placement algorithms (2010)

The random deployment of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network (WSAN) nodes in areas often inaccessible, results in so-called coverage holes – i.e. areas in the network that are not adequately covered by nodes to suit the requirements of the network. Various coverage protocol algorithms have been designed to reduce or eliminate coverage holes within WSANs by indicating how to move the nodes. The effectiveness of such coverage protocols could be jeopardised by inaccuracy in the initial node location data that is broadcast by the respective nodes. This study examines the effects of location inaccuracies on five sensor deployment and reconfiguration algorithms – They include two algorithms which assume that mobile nodes are deployed (referred to as the VEC and VOR algorithms); two that assume static nodes are deployed (referred to as the CNPSS and OGDC algorithms); and a single algorithm (based on a bidding protocol) that assumes a hybrid scenario in which both static and mobile nodes are deployed. Two variations of this latter algorithm are studied. A location simulation tool was built using the GE Smallworld GIS application and the Magik programming language. The simulation results are based on three above-mentioned deployment scenarios; mobile, hybrid and static. The simulation results suggest the VOR algorithm is reasonably robust if the location inaccuracies are somewhat lower than the sensing distance and also if a high degree of inaccuracy is limited to a relatively small percentage of the nodes. The VEC algorithm is considerably less robust, but prevents nodes from drifting beyond the boundaries in the case of large inaccuracies. The bidding protocol used by the hybrid algorithm appears to be robust only when the static nodes are accurate and there is a low degree of inaccuracy within the mobile nodes. Finally the static algorithms are shown to be the most robust; the CPNSS algorithm appears to be immune to location inaccuracies whilst the OGDC algorithm was shown to reduce the number of active nodes in the network to a better extent than that of the CPNSS algorithm. Copyright
Efficient activation of gene expression using a heat-shock inducible Gal4/Vp16-UAS system in medaka (2004)

The combinatorial properties of this expression system provide a powerful tool for the analysis of gene function during embryonic and larval development in fish by ectopic expression of gene products.
Resource and query aware, peer-to-peer-based multi-attribute Resource Discovery (2012)

Distributed, multi-attribute Resource Discovery (RD) is a fundamental requirement in collaborative Peer-to-Peer (P2P), grid, and cloud computing. We present an efficient and load balanced, P2P-based multi-attribute RD solution that consists of five heuristics, which can be executed independently and distributedly. First heuristic maintains a minimum number of nodes in a ring-like overlay consequently reducing the cost of resolving range queries. Second and third heuristics dynamically balance the key and query load by transferring keys to neighbors and by adding new neighbors when existing ones are insufficient. Last two heuristics, namely fragmentation and replication, form cliques of nodes that are placed orthogonal to the overlay ring to dynamically balance the highly skewed key and query loads while reducing the query cost. By applying these heuristics in the presented order, a RD solution that better responds to real-world resource and query characteristics is developed. Simulations using real workloads are used to demonstrate its efficacy.
Experimental evaluation of dynamic data allocation strategies in a distributed database with changing workloads (1995)

Traditionally, allocation of data in distributed database management systems has been determined by off-line anidysis and optimization. This technique works well for static database access patterns, but is often inadequate for frequently changing workloads. This paper addresses the problem of dynamically reallocating data in a partionable distributed database with changing access patterns. Rather than complicated and expensive optimization algorithms, a simple heuristic is presented and shown, via an implementation study, to improve system throughput by 3070 in a local area net work based system. For a wide area network the performance gain is expected to be even larger. It is also shown that individual site load must be taken into consideration when reallocating data. A a simple policy that incorporates load in the reallocation decision is provided.
Genetics of human obesity (2006)

We present the knowledge acquired in the field of the genetics of human obesity. The molecular approach proved to be powerful to define new syndromes associated to obesity. The pivotal role of leptin and melanocortin pathways were recognized but in rare obesity cases. In the commoner form of obesities, a multitude of polymorphisms located in genes and candidate regions participate in an individual susceptibility to weight gain in a permissive environment. The effects are often uncertain and the results not always confirmed. It is now necessary to integrate data of various origins (environment, genotype, expression) to clarify the domain.
A New Successive System for Hydrogenation of Styrene Using a Two‐Compartment Cell Separated by a Pd Sheet Electrode (1996)

A new successive system for hydrogenation of styrene was constructed using a two‐compartment cell separated by a Pd sheet electrode. The sole product in the hydrogenation of styrene was ethylbenzene. The amount of ethylbenzene produced increased linearly with electrolysis time after a certain induction period and the rate of ethylbenzene production depended on the applied current. The current efficiency for the production of ethylbenzene in this system exceeded 93% at an applied current of 10 mA.
Timing-driven pin assignment with improvement of cell placement in standard cell layout (2002)

In this paper, we propose a timing-driven pin assignment algorithm with improvement of cell placement in standard cell layout. The objective of the algorithm is to minimize the channel density as well as the total wire length by assigning nets to pins of cells under the given timing constraints. If the number of possible pin assignments for each cell is bounded by some constant r, then the proposed algorithm runs in linear time. In most practical cases, the value of r is relatively small, and thus the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient in reducing the chip area.
Alteration of the Kinetic Properties of an Enzyme by the Binding of Buffer, Inhibitor, or Substrate (1953)

A number of the features of the catalytic properties of enzymes have been interpreted in terms of further elaborations of the simple mechanism
In Situ Nanoscale Electric Field Control of Magnetism by Nanoionics (2016)

Direct, nonvolatile, and reversible control of nanomagnetism in solid-state ferromagnetic thin films is achieved by controlling the chemical composition of the film through field-driven ion redistribution. The electric field-driven de-intercalation/intercalation of lithium ions can result in ≈100% modulation of the magnetization and drives domain wall motion over ≈100 nm. High-speed and multilevel magnetic information storage is further demonstrated.
Functional characterization of a hybrid human-mouse interferon gamma receptor: evidence for species-specific interaction of the extracellular receptor domain with a putative signal transducer. (1992)

The human interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor expressed in mouse cells displays binding properties indistinguishable from those of the resident receptor on human cells. Still, mouse cells expressing the human IFN-gamma receptor remain insensitive to human IFN-gamma. It is widely accepted that at least one species-specific cofactor encoded within human chromosome 21 is required for signal transduction. To define structural domains of the human IFN-gamma receptor responsible for this species-specific interaction, a hybrid between the human and the murine receptor was constructed and expressed in mouse L929 cells or in mouse L cell-derived SCC16-5 cells, which contain human chromosome 21. This hybrid receptor, which consisted of the extracellular domain of the human IFN-gamma receptor and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the murine IFN-gamma receptor, was found to bind human IFN-gamma with high affinity. However, only SCC16-5 cells expressing the human/mouse hybrid receptor were responsive to human IFN-gamma as revealed by enhanced expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens, induction of the transcription factor IRF-1, and induction of a partial antiviral state. These findings strongly suggest that IFN-gamma-mediated signal transduction requires a species-specific interaction of the extracellular portion of the known ligand-binding IFN-gamma receptor chain with an additional, presumably membrane-anchored receptor subunit.
Intelligent network concepts in mobile communications (1992)

A mobile cellular network architecture that is based on intelligent network concepts is presented. Subscriber service mobility and call management attributes of the network, including location information retrieval and updating, authentication, call routing, handover, charging, and operations and maintenance, are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Carbonyldiimidazole-Mediated Lossen Rearrangement (2009)

Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) was found to mediate the Lossen rearrangement of various hydroxamic acids to isocyanates. This process is experimentally simple and mild, with imidazole and CO(2) being the sole stoichiometric byproduct. Significant for large-scale application, the method avoids the use of hazardous reagents and thus represents a green alternative to standard processing conditions for the Curtius and Hofmann rearrangements.
Characteristics and regulatory function of murine con A-induced, cloned T cells obtained from Peyer's patches and spleen: mechanisms regulating isotype-specific immunoglobulin production by Peyer's patch B cells. (1982)

Abstract To determine the role of T cells in the regulation of IgA responses by murine PP B cells, Con A-induced T cell clones and subclones derived from PP and spleen were established. The cloned and subcloned cell lines obtained were radioresistant (1500 R) and expressed Thy-1.2+, Lyt-1+2−, H-2 (K/D), and la (l-A and l-E) surface antigens. The cloned T cells proliferated to T cell mitogens (Con A and PHA), but not to a B cell mitogen (LPS). In addition, the Con A-induced cloned and subcloned T cells bore class-specific Fc receptors but in an organ-specific fashion: T cell clones and subclones derived from PP, but not from spleen, bore IgA and (to a lesser extent) IgM Fc receptors. The capacity of the cloned and subcloned T cells to regulate polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis by PP B cells induced by LPS was determined. LPS in the absence of T cells induced abundant amounts of IgM and IgG, but little or no IgA. The addition of cloned or subcloned T cells derived from PP profoundly suppressed production of IgM and IgG, whereas they enhanced IgA synthesis to a limited degree. In contrast, although cloned and subcloned T cells derived from spleen also suppressed IgG synthesis, they had no effect on IgM synthesis; as in the case of the PP cloned and subcloned T cells, the spleen clones and subclones provide modest help for IgA synthesis. In the absence of LPS stimulation, cloned and subcloned T cells from both PP and spleen exerted minimal help to all classes of Ig secretion by PP B cells. Finally, changes in surface Ig in LPS-driven cell cultures containing cloned T cells were determined. Cultures containing cloned T cells had nearly the same number of B cells at the end of the culture period as cultures without cloned T cells. In the presence of PP T cell clones, cells bearing surface IgM (slgM) decreased to some extent, cells bearing slgG and containing cytoplasmic IgM (clgM) and IgG (clgG) decreased dramatically, and cells bearing slgA increased dramatically. In contrast, in the presence of spleen T cell clones, no significant changes in IgM- or IgA-bearing or -containing cells were observed, but IgG-bearing ceils increased and IgG-containing cells decreased. These results are compatible with the view that the cloned T cells derived from PP, but not from spleen, induce Ig class switching of B cells to slgA-bearing B cells, but cannot in themselves provide help for terminal differentiation of IgA B cells.
DREAMS: Dynamic resource allocation for MapReduce with data skew (2015)

MapReduce has become a popular model for large-scale data processing in recent years. However, existing MapRe-duce schedulers still suffer from an issue known as partitioning skew, where the output of map tasks is unevenly distributed among reduce tasks. In this paper, we present DREAMS, a framework that provides run-time partitioning skew mitigation. Unlike previous approaches that try to balance the workload of reducers by repartitioning the intermediate data assigned to each reduce task, in DREAMS we cope with partitioning skew by adjusting task run-time resource allocation. We show that our approach allows DREAMS to eliminate the overhead of data repartitioning. Through experiments using both real and synthetic workloads running on a 11-node virtual virtualised Hadoop cluster, we show that DREAMS can effectively mitigate negative impact of partitioning skew, thereby improving job performance by up to 20.3%.
VideoWhiteboard (1991)

VideoWhiteboard is a prototype tool to support remote shared drawing activity. It provides a whiteboard-sized shared drawing space for collaborators who are located in remote sites. It allows each user to see the drawings and a shadow of the gestures of collaborators at the remote site. The development of VideoWhiteboard is based on empirical studies of collaborative drawing activity, including experiences in using the VideoDraw shared drawing prototype. VideoWhiteboard enables remote collaborators to work together much as if they were sharing a whiteboard, and in some ways allows them to work together even more closely than if they were in the same room.
An autosomal dominant syndrome of acromegaloid facial appearance and generalised hypertrichosis terminalis. (1996)

We report a family in which a phenotype of acromegaloid facial appearance (AFA) and generalised hypertrichosis terminalis segregates through three generations. Congenital hypertrichosis terminalis and AFA have been previously reported as independent autosomal dominant traits. This is the first report to delineate an autosomal dominant transmission of the combined phenotype.
EXPRESSION OF HUMAN FACTOR IX GENE IN MURINE PLASMA THROUGH LENTIVIRAL VECTOR‐INFECTED HAEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS (2006)

1. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are an attractive target for gene therapy. Gene transfer to HSC can provide a potential cure for many inherited diseases. Moreover, recombinant lentiviral vectors can transfer genes efficiently to HSC. In the present study, we used the recombinant lentiviruses FUGW (Flip, ubiquitin promoter, GFP and WRE vector) and FUXW (Flip, ubiquitin promoter, F IX and WRE vector), which carry the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and human factor IX (hFIX) gene, respectively, to infect HSC. 2. High titres of recombinant lentivirus were prepared from 293T cells by calcium phosphate-mediated transient cotransfection. Murine mononuclear cells (MNC) separated from murine bone marrow and HSC separated by magnetic cell sorting were cultured in vitro. Cells they were infected by the recombinant lentiviruses FUGW and FUXW. The expression of EGFP was observed under a fluorescent microscope and was analysed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, whereas the expression of hFIX was detected by ELISA. 3. The results show that the lentiviral vectors can efficiently infect murine HSC in vitro and that transduction was more efficient following cytokine treatment with interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6 and stem cell factor. 4. Haematopoietic stem cells infected with lentivirus FUXW were transplanted into [(60)Co]-irradiated non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice. The expression of hFIX in the blood plasma of the transplanted mice reached a peak of 44.9 +/- 7.6 ng/mL on Day 7. An assay of transaminase levels and a histological study of the liver showed that there was no significant damage following HSC transplantation to mice. 5. The results of the present study suggest that transplantation of HSC results in the persistant expression of hFIX in mice, which may be useful in haemophilia B gene therapy.
Sinusoidal Source Perturbation Experiments with a Breached Fuel Subassembly in the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (1992)

A bifrequency reactivity oscillation procedure (ROP) was devised at the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) to be used as a diagnostic tool for characterizating mechanisms responsible for the release and transport of short-lived fission products from the surface of exposed fuel. A series of ROP experiments was conducted during operation at 74% of full power with a breached fuel pin in the core. Detailed analyses of the results using bivariate spectral decomposition and cross-correlation techniques are presented. Comparison of the results of these experiments with those obtained from earlier tests with an unclad fuel source provides conclusive evidence that all nonrecoil fission product release phenomena originate from mechanisms acting inside the breached element itself. Implications of the findings from this study in terms of the goals of high-sensitivity fission product surveillance are discussed.
Efficacy of lidocaine patch 5% in the treatment of focal peripheral neuropathic pain syndromes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (2003)

Peripheral neuropathic pain syndromes (PNPS) are difficult to treat because commonly used analgesics are often ineffective when, for example, touch-evoked allodynia, hyperalgesia, and pain paroxysms are present. To investigate whether lidocaine patch 5% treatment is also effective in postherpetic neuropathy (PHN) and in other PNPS, 40 patients with various forms and localizations of PNPS completed a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-way, cross-over study in three medical hospitals. Patients suffering from pain in a localized skin area with intensity above 40 mm visual analog scale (VAS) and a stable consumption of pain medication were included in this study. The study was divided into four phases: 3-day run-in phase, treatment phase 1, wash-out period, and treatment phase 2, each lasting 1 week. At the discretion of the patients, up to four patches (covering a maximum of 560 cm2) were applied onto the maximally painful area for 12 consecutive hours daily, always either by day or at night. Throughout the four phases, ongoing pain, allodynia, quality of neuropathic symptoms, quality of sleep, and adverse events were assessed. When, after the wash-out period, the pain intensity scores did not return to the pre-treatment values (+/-20%), these patients were excluded from the study. The present study revealed that, as an add-on therapy, the lidocaine patch 5% was clearly effective in reducing ongoing pain (P=0.017) and allodynia (P=0.023) during the first 8 h after application and that the patches also worked well over a period of 7 days (P=0.018) in diverse focal PNPS. Calculation of the numbers needed to treat (NNT) to obtain one patient with more than 50% relief of ongoing pain revealed that the NNT of 4.4 in the present study compared reasonably well with other studies of PHN, such as topically applied capsaicin (NNT: 5.3-infinity) or systemic treatment with gabapentin (NNT: 3.2-5.0).
Blockchain Technology and Implications for Accounting Practice (2021)

Purpose - The article discusses the possible implications of blockchain for accounting practice and what further developments are needed to create an integrated accounting system on blockchain technology. The focus is on both accounting and auditing. Approach – The article follows a structure approach by identifying characteristics of blockchain technology to discuss the implications for accounting practice. Findings - The instant verification and immutability features of blockchain systems provide for the integrity of data for both accounting and auditing purposes. However, the intensive use of blockchain for accounting information purposes depends on different and cheaper validation processes. The complexity of different accounting transactions with related estimates and uncertainty needs to be captured correctly on blockchain through use of interventions such as smart contracts without limited human invention to be successful. The so-called triple-entry accounting provides for the secure capturing of accounting information for use by different stakeholders, but currently does not change the double-entry accounting system to prepare financial statements. Confidentiality might become an issue with the real-time distribution of information among different stakeholders. Therefore, entities might opt for the use of private or consortium blockchain systems. Blockchain creates an avenue for continuous audit, but the independence of the auditor might be compromised. Value – The article identifies the possible effect of blockchain on accounting practice and what further developments are still needed to create an integrated accounting system on blockchain technology.
Bayesian estimation methods for n-gram language model adaptation (2002)

Stochastic n-gram language models have been successfully applied in continuous speech recognition for several years. Such language models provide many computational advantages but also require huge text corpora for parameter estimation. Moreover, the texts must exactly reflect, in a statistical sense, the user's language. Estimating a language model on a sample that is not representative severely affects speech recognition performance. A solution to this problem is provided by the Bayesian learning framework. Beyond the classical estimates, a Bayes derived interpolation model is proposed. Empirical comparisons have been carried out on a 10,000-word radiological reporting domain. Results are provided in terms of perplexity and recognition accuracy.