gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Algae Harvest Energy Conversion (2010)

Algae harvest energy conversion to biofuel technology is a promising alternative to fossil fuel that has inherent pollution attachment. With present resources available for the microalgae mass production and hence, high oil yield, microalgal can sufficiently be a new source of renewable energy to replace the fossil fuels. In this chapter, algae description, composition, cultivation, its conversion to biofuel, and commercial prospects and problems are presented.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB Enhances Osteogenesis of Adipose-Derived But Not Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (2015)

Tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) holds great promise for regenerating critically sized bone defects. While the bone marrow-derived MSC is the most widely studied stromal/stem cell type for this application, its rarity within bone marrow and painful isolation procedure have motivated investigation of alternative cell sources. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are more abundant and more easily procured; furthermore, they also possess robust osteogenic potency. While these two cell types are widely considered very similar, there is a growing appreciation of possible innate differences in their biology and response to growth factors. In particular, reports indicate that their osteogenic response to platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) is markedly different: MSCs responded negatively or not at all to PDGF-BB while ASCs exhibited enhanced mineralization in response to physiological concentrations of PDGF-BB. In this study, we directly tested whether a fundamental difference existed between the osteogenic responses of MSCs and ASCs to PDGF-BB. MSCs and ASCs cultured under identical osteogenic conditions responded disparately to 20 ng/ml of PDGF-BB: MSCs exhibited no difference in mineralization while ASCs produced more calcium per cell. siRNA-mediated knockdown of PDGFRβ within ASCs abolished their ability to respond to PDGF-BB. Gene expression was also different; MSCs generally downregulated and ASCs generally upregulated osteogenic genes in response to PDGF-BB. ASCs transduced to produce PDGF-BB resulted in more regenerated bone within a critically sized murine calvarial defect compared to control ASCs, indicating PDGF-BB used specifically in conjunction with ASCs might enhance tissue engineering approaches for bone regeneration.
Highly Dispersed Nickel Particles Encapsulated in Multi‐hollow Silicalite‐1 Single Crystal Nanoboxes: Effects of Siliceous Deposits and Phosphorous Species on the Catalytic Performances (2017)

Abstract Multi‐hollow silicalite‐1 single crystals (MH) were prepared for the first time by an original synthesis pathway by using tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide (TBPOH) as a mild desilicating agent. This new generation of hierarchical zeolite allowed the encapsulation of nanoparticles (NPs) featuring an enhanced confinement of the metallic guest and a thin wall thickness. The MH catalyst exhibited a better stability for methane steam reforming at 700 °C than a single‐hollow counterpart (SH). Ni average particle size could be kept lower than 4 nm after 20 h on stream for the MH sample. However, a detailed analysis of kinetic data of the structure‐insensitive CO methanation used as a model reaction revealed that the sample activity was adversely affected by two main factors deriving from the preparation steps. First, a siliceous over‐layer derived from the decomposition of intermediate Ni phyllosilicates, which partly covered the resulting Ni nanoparticles. Second, phosphorus from the templates remained in the samples, probably forming a Ni–P compound upon reduction. The overall catalytic activities observed here were therefore a complex interplay of improved dispersion and poisonous effects.
Points entiers dans les polyèdres convexes (1988)

fichier doit contenir la prsente mention de copyright.
Mercury's Global Topography from Radar Ranging Data (2001)

When Mercury's radius is expanded in Legendre functions to the second degree and order, the systematic error in radar ranging data is reduced substantially. Previously, data spanning an observing interval from 1966 to 1990 were used to infer an equatorial ellipticity (a - b)/a = (540 +/- 54) X 10(exp -6) and a center-of-figure minus center-of-mass offset of (640 +/- 78) m. The magnitude of this equatorial center of figure offset implies an excess crustal thickness of 12 km or less, comparable to the Moon's excess. By comparing the equatorial ellipticity with the Mariner 10 gravity field, and assuming Airy isostatic compensation, bounds on crustal thickness can be derived. Mercury's crustal thickness is in the range from 100 to 300 km. The Mercury radar ranging observing interval has been extended from 1966 to the present. In addition, improvements in data reduction techniques have resulted in a set of Mercury ranging data less affected by systematic error, in particular the biases introduced by local topographic variations. We use this new set of reduced ranging data to improve Mercury's global topography and center-of-figure minus center-of-mass offset. New results on crustal thickness are derived, and prospects for further improvement with Mercury Orbiter data are discussed.
TREATMENT OF HEADACHE (1957)

• Over 5,000 patients having the symptom of chronic headache were evaluated for their therapeutic response to many various drugs (e.g., analgesics, sedatives, stimulants, antihistaminics, vitamins, and hormones). At present, the best method of drug evaluation is the use of the double-blind technique, in which a placebo and two or more therapeutic agents are administered to a group of untrained subjects. The selection of suitable therapy for the treatment of headache depends on the correct diagnosis, which includes the associated emotional tension and anxiety.
Area coverage and capacity enhancement by multihop connection of CDMA cellular network (2003)

In future broadband communication systems, a multi-hop scheme, in which stations between a mobile terminal and a base station relay signal transmissions, seems a promising approach for wide-area coverage and system capacity enhancement. We apply the multi-hop connection scheme to a code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular system and compare its performance to that of a conventional single-hop cellular system. In computer simulations, we assume a packet-based multi-cell environment considering intercell and intracell interference and that every mobile station is equipped with a function for relaying transmission signals. Simulations are performed for the cases where the area coverage cannot be obtained by using only a single-hop connection, and where full area coverage is obtained by a single-hop connection. In the former case, almost 90% of area coverage is obtained when the area coverage by a single hop is approximately 50%. In the latter case, packet arrival ratio is increased by using a multi-hop connection. The degree of improvement, however, is very slight due to interference between signals from base stations and relay stations.
On dilatancy in relation to seismic sources (1965)

The theory of the Osborne Reynolds dilatancy phenomenon is developed, and it is shown to contain an intrinsic instability of the type needed to account for seismic faulting. This theory requires the presence of fluids in those parts of the earth's crust and upper mantle that show seismic activity, but it provides a mechanism for concentrating the fluids from a distance into those regions that ultimately fail catastrophically. It provides an explanation for the very wide range of ‘time constants’ observed to be associated with earthquakes.
A Real-World Large Vocabulary Speaker-Independent Speech Recognition System (2001)

In this paper a real-world speaker-independent speech recognition system with 2000 Chinese phrases is introduced. Several new technologies, such as knowledge leading recognition strategy, the CDCPM acoustic model and a giant real-world speech database are used in this system, which help it gain very good performance and wide adaptability.
Ethylene Biosynthesis-Inducing Xylanase (1991)

The ethylene biosynthesis-inducing endoxylanase (EIX) from xylan-induced cultures of the fungus, Trichoderma viride, was purified to near homogeneity and compared with the EIX isolated from Cellulysin. Both enzymes migrate as 9.2 kilodalton proteins during gel filtration chromatography under nondenaturing conditions, but the mature polypeptide migrates as a 22 kilodalton band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of the 22 kilodalton polypeptide is enriched by Gly, Ser, Thr, Trp, and Tyr, but depleted in Ala, Glx, Leu, and Lys. Both proteins lack sulfur-containing amino acids. The protein is glycosylated, and inhibition of EIX synthesis by tunicamycin suggests that at least some of the sugar moieties are linked to asparagine residues. EIX appears to be synthesized initially as a 25 kilodalton precursor protein that is processed to 22 kilodalton during secretion.
<title>Current Status Of Cardiovascular Imaging By Transmission Computed Tomography</title> (1979)

Although the technological advances in transmission computed tomography (CT) have been dramatic, cardiovascular applications of CT are currently limited by inadequate temporal resolution to resolve moving structures (e.g., the myocardium), difficulties in timing the scan exposure to coincide with maximum contrast en-hancement of vascular structures and cardiac chambers, and limited field of view perpendicular to the axial plane. The modes of cardiac CT operation are reviewed: static (single scan), dynamic (multiple scans in rapid succession), gated and rapid (scans <500 msec). Modest improvements in gated and dynamic scanning are expected with existing technology and optimization of reconstruction algorithms. Future advances in CT technology should be directed toward the development of rapid scanning systems for imaging the myocardium and toward higher resolution scanners for imaging vascular structures.
Tunable Athermal Multi-FBG Package Using a Bending Bimetal Structure (2000)

The Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) written by ultraviolet light into the core of an optical fiber have developed into a critical component for many applications in the fiber-optic communication system. A stable temperature compensation mechanism is essential to the successful usage of FBG-based devices. In this paper, the bimetal-based temperature-compensating package with tunable mechanism was developed. Such a tunable mechanism serves as prestress and post-tuning mechanisms of fixture in order to obtain a predetermined central wavelength. With the aid of developed experimental procedure, this compact and easily manufactured package can achieve temperature coefficient of 8.3×10−4 nm/°C in the temperature range from −40°C to 80°C. The same package can also be used for multi-FBG applications.
Thiazolidine Chemistry. III. The Preparation and Reduction of Some 2-Phenyl-3-n-alkyl-4-thiazolidinones<sup>1-3</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiazolidine Chemistry. III. The Preparation and Reduction of Some 2-Phenyl-3-n-alkyl-4-thiazolidinones1-3Irving R. Schmolka and Paul E. SpoerriCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 17, 4716–4720Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01574a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01574a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views616Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
HIP (2001)

The standard way to notify the processor of a network event, such as the arrival or transmission of a packet, is through interrupts. Interrupts are more effective than polling, in terms of the per packet send/receive latency. Interrupts, however, incur a high overhead both during and after the interrupt handling, because modern superscalar processors use long pipelines, out-of-order and speculative execution, and multi-level memory systems, all of which tend to increase the interrupt overhead in terms of clock cycles. In this paper, we attempt to reduce the network interface overhead by introducing a hybrid scheme (HIP) that uses interrupts under low network load conditions and polling otherwise. Even though such hybrid schemes have been proposed in the past, the polling period in HIP is adjusted dynamically based on the rate of the arriving packet stream. In this way, the increase in the per packet latency, which occurs with polling, is quite low. This is quantified with trace-driven simulations, which also show that the per packet overhead with HIP is significantly reduced compared to the conventional interrupt-based mechanism. HIP would be beneficial for high bandwidth network interfacing in servers with a heavy WWW or streaming media workload.
Unikernels (2013)

We present unikernels, a new approach to deploying cloud services via applications written in high-level source code. Unikernels are single-purpose appliances that are compile-time specialised into standalone kernels, and sealed against modification when deployed to a cloud platform. In return they offer significant reduction in image sizes, improved efficiency and security, and should reduce operational costs. Our Mirage prototype compiles OCaml code into unikernels that run on commodity clouds and offer an order of magnitude reduction in code size without significant performance penalty. The architecture combines static type-safety with a single address-space layout that can be made immutable via a hypervisor extension. Mirage contributes a suite of type-safe protocol libraries, and our results demonstrate that the hypervisor is a platform that overcomes the hardware compatibility issues that have made past library operating systems impractical to deploy in the real-world.
Construction of an adaptive scan network for test time and data volume reduction (2008)

The increasing size and complexity of integrated circuits result in high test costs due to the consequent expansion of test data. Although test-vector compression and response compaction are effective solutions to the problem of test time and data volume, scan architectures with localised implementation of decompression and compaction fail to adapt well to the varying sizes of compatible scan cell groups. A scan network is presented here that embeds expansions and compactions in a distributed manner, adapting perfectly to the varying sizes of compatible scan-cell groups in different regions of the design. We conduct a stimulus delivery and response collection analysis to identify the particularities of the scan-network implementation, which provides a minimal scan depth while preserving test quality. The proposed methodology implements the scan network by also accounting for the physical position of the scan cells, delivering a practical solution for realistic integrated circuits. The experimental results also confirm the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Implementation of MALDI MS profiling and imaging methods for the analysis of real crime scene fingermarks (2017)

In the study presented here, four examples of crime scene fingermarks analysed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI MSI), in collaboration with the local Police Force, are reported. These marks are associated to high profile crimes such as drug dealing, murder and harassment. Following the application of forensic enhancement techniques by the CSI or the crime lab, one of the marks could be directly analysed on the surface of deposition and the others were analysed as primary lifts. In one case, no physical or molecular information was obtained whereas in two cases both ridge detail (albeit not useful for identification purposes) and molecular information could be retrieved. In one case, the intelligence gathered around the suspect's state of mind is, to date the most accomplished demonstration of the benefits and the operational feasibility MALDI MS based methods. These four casework examples are to be considered a first insight into the limitations, benefits and feasibility of MALDI MS based methods in the field; due to the extreme variability in the state of the mark, comprehensive evaluation of these aspects can only be undertaken upon the analysis of a large number of crime scene marks. However, this work does represent a significant advancement, compared to previous published work, as it demonstrates operational feasibility, with different levels of success, despite uncontrollable, unknown and unaccountable environmental and donor variability.
High‐Yielding Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Triazole‐Linked Glycodendrimers by Copper‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition (2005)

Abstract A facile and high‐yielding synthesis of multivalent 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole‐linked glycodendrimers is described. Azido carbohydrates are linked by a Cu I ‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction to dendritic acetylenes using microwave irradiation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Problems and solutions involved in direct synthesis of allylchlorosilanes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProblems and solutions involved in direct synthesis of allylchlorosilanesSeung Ho Yeon, Bong Woo Lee, Sun Il Kim, and Il Nam JungCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 12, 4887–4891Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/om00036a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (555 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Radioactive <sup>198</sup>Au-Doped Nanostructures with Different Shapes for <i>In Vivo</i> Analyses of Their Biodistribution, Tumor Uptake, and Intratumoral Distribution (2014)

With Au nanocages as an example, we recently demonstrated that radioactive (198)Au could be incorporated into the crystal lattice of Au nanostructures for simple and reliable quantification of their in vivo biodistribution by measuring the γ radiation from (198)Au decay and for optical imaging by detecting the Cerenkov radiation. Here we extend the capability of this strategy to synthesize radioactive (198)Au nanostructures with a similar size but different shapes and then compare their biodistribution, tumor uptake, and intratumoral distribution using a murine EMT6 breast cancer model. Specifically, we investigated Au nanospheres, nanodisks, nanorods, and cubic nanocages. After PEGylation, an aqueous suspension of the radioactive Au nanostructures was injected into a tumor-bearing mouse intravenously, and their biodistribution was measured from the γ radiation while their tumor uptake was directly imaged using the Cerenkov radiation. Significantly higher tumor uptake was observed for the Au nanospheres and nanodisks relative to the Au nanorods and nanocages at 24 h postinjection. Furthermore, autoradiographic imaging was performed on thin slices of the tumor after excision to resolve the intratumoral distributions of the nanostructures. While both the Au nanospheres and nanodisks were only observed on the surfaces of the tumors, the Au nanorods and nanocages were distributed throughout the tumors.
A parallel stabilized quadratic equal-order finite element algorithm for the steady Navier–Stokes equations (2022)

This paper is concerned with a parallel stabilized quadratic equal-order finite element algorithm for the steady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations where a fully overlapping domain decomposition is used for parallelization. The basic idea of the studied algorithm is that each processor independently calculates a local stabilized solution in an interesting subdomain on a multiscale mesh that is fine around the subdomain and coarse on the rest of subdomain. The present algorithm can be solved simultaneously by the existing Navier–Stokes codes without substantial recoding. In the light of local a priori estimate for stabilized finite element solution, we analyse the error bound of the stabilized solution. Moreover, several parallel iterative stabilized quadratic equal-order finite element algorithms are presented, and three numerical examples which confirm the high efficiency of the parallel stabilized algorithms are provided.
Diet and Inflammation (2010)

The emerging role of chronic inflammation in the major degenerative diseases of modern society has stimulated research into the influence of nutrition and dietary patterns on inflammatory indices. Most human studies have correlated analyses of habitual dietary intake as determined by a food frequency questionnaire or 24-hour recall with systemic markers of inflammation like high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). An occasional study also includes nutrition analysis of blood components. There have been several controlled interventions which evaluated the effect of a change in dietary pattern or of single foods on inflammatory markers in defined populations. Most studies reveal a modest effect of dietary composition on some inflammatory markers in free-living adults, although different markers do not vary in unison. Significant dietary influences have been established for glycemic index (GI) and load (GL), fiber, fatty acid composition, magnesium, carotenoids, and flavonoids. A traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern, which typically has a high ratio of monounsaturated (MUFA) to saturated (SFA) fats and ω-3 to ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) and supplies an abundance of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and grains, has shown anti-inflammatory effects when compared with typical North American and Northern European dietary patterns in most observational and interventional studies and may become the diet of choice for diminishing chronic inflammation in clinical practice.