gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of hepatic ribosomal protein S6 on 80 and 40 S ribosomes. Primary structure of S6 in the region of the major phosphorylation sites for cAMP-dependent protein kinases. (1984)

Rat liver ribosomes and 40 S ribosomal subunits were phosphorylated with the purified catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 plateaued at around 2 mol of phosphate/mol of protein with both substrates. Peptide map analyses showed that the most prominent phosphorylation sites associated with 40 S substrates were the adjacent serines in the Arg-Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Arg segment of S6. The first serine residue appeared to be the preferred site as has been established previously for 80 S ribosomes (Wettenhall, R.E.H., and Cohen, P. (1982) FEBS Lett. 140, 263-269). Additional phosphorylation sites were apparent from the peptide maps. One of these was associated with the triphosphopeptide (termed T1a) having the sequence Arg-Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Arg-Ala-Ser-Thr-Ser-Lys. A larger fragment of S6 (termed Tlc) isolated from mild tryptic digests of whole ribosomes, consisted of the T1a sequence extended by the sequence Ser-Glu-Glu-Ser-Gln-(Lys) at the COOH terminus. A comparison of the size and chromatographic and isoelectric focusing properties of the T1a/T1c peptides and prominent tryptic peptides of S6 from insulin-stimulated hepatocytes indicated a relationship between these peptides. Thus, it appeared that some of the potential phosphorylation sites in the T1a/T1c region of S6 are phosphorylated by an insulin-regulated kinase in hepatocytes.
On Latent Images of Gold and Silver (1975)

The deposition of a monolayer of silver on to gold occurs at potentials less cathodic than the silver electrode potential, making gold nuclei more efficient development centres than are silver nuclei of the same size. The effect is sufficiently large 10 explain most of the increased sensitivity of gold-sensitized emulsion.
Induction of human gamma interferons by a mitogen derived form <i>Mycoplasma arthritidis</i> and by Phytohemagglutinin: differential inhibition with monoclonal anti-HLA.DR antibodies. (1983)

The peripheral blood lymphocytes from eight healthy volunteers produced significant amounts of interferon (IFN) when co-cultured with a recently discovered mitogen preparation derived from cultures of Mycoplasma arthritidis (MAS). Maximum levels of 281 to 2187 U were reached after 3 to 4 days of incubation. The IFN was characterized as IFN gamma on the basis of pH and heat lability, and neutralization with anti-human IFN gamma but not anti-IFN alpha. A monoclonal antibody to HLA.DR determinants suppressed IFN induction and lymphocyte proliferation when co-cultured with MAS but was not effective against PHA-induced IFN and proliferation; PHA-induced proliferation was enhanced in the presence of the antibody. Anti-HLA.DR-mediated inhibition of lymphocyte functions, however, was not specific for MAS inasmuch as viral-induced IFN was also suppressed, as was Con A-induced proliferation. These and other studies suggest that the cellular requirement for T cell activation by MAS, PHA, and Con A may all be distinct.
Quantitative immunoanalysis of promutagenic 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in oxidized DNA (1994)

The modified DNA base 8-hydroxyguanine has been implicated in spontaneous mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and cellular aging. Polyclonal antibodies specific for the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine moiety in oxidized DNA were used for sensitive detection and quantitation of this biomarker of oxidative damage to cellular DNA. The analysis was performed with immunoslot blot assay (ISB) of oxidized DNA modified in vitro with methylene blue plus light and upon H2O2 treatment of cultured human cells. The level of 8-OHdG in DNA exposed to 90 and 120 min light in the presence of 100 microM methylene blue showed 15.96 +/- 2.4 and 22.65 +/- 3.65 pmol/micrograms DNA compared to 0.107 +/- 0.024 pmol/micrograms in commercial calf thymus DNA control. Inherent damage, due to cellular endogenous oxidation of DNA, increased significantly upon inhibition of catalase activity in human cells with 10 mM azide. The damage increased further on exposure of azide-treated cells to H2O2. The amounts of 8-OHdG following treatment of cells with 10 and 100 microM H2O2 were determined to be 205 +/- 42 and 333 +/- 17.5 pmol/micrograms DNA respectively. Very low but quantifiable antibody binding was seen with the 'control unoxidized' human nuclear DNA. This DNA, obtained under controlled conditions to restrict the induction of 8-OHdG during isolation, provides a background level of 0.022 +/- 0.005 pmol 8-OHdG/micrograms DNA. The quantitative assessment of 8-OHdG by ISB assay, with fmol sensitivity and direct analysis using unhydrolyzed DNA, should prove a highly valuable alternative to currently used approaches to detecting 8-OHdG in enzymatic DNA hydrolysates.
Axon network virtual storage for high performance distributed applications (2002)

An introduction to the Axon architecture is presented. Axon is a host communication architecture for the distributed systems which can support interprocess communication with high throughput and low latency across a very high-speed internetwork. Network virtual storage (NVS) in the Axon host communication architecture for distributed applications is described. NVS extends segmented paged virtual storage management and address translation mechanisms to include segments located across an internetwork. This provides the ability to use efficiently the shared-memory paradigm in distributed systems for high-performance applications, such as scientific visualization and imaging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neural induction in Xenopus (1998)

Abstract This chapter discusses the biology of neural induction in Xenopus laevis. Recently, several diverse mechanisms that have been proposed to account for neural induction have been simplified into one. Evidence supporting the proposed mechanism—which hinges on the function of the bone morphogenetic protein family (BMP)—is reviewed. Signalling by BMPs biases ectoderm toward an epidermal fate. BMP mRNAs are presented in the ectoderm, and blockage of their function by cell dissociation, use of dominant negative BMP receptors, or dominant negative BMP ligands results in neural development.
Efficient Scalable Median Filtering Using Histogram-Based Operations (2017)

Median filtering is a smoothing technique for noise removal in images. While there are various implementations of median filtering for a single-core CPU, there are few implementations for accelerators and multi-core systems. Many parallel implementations of median filtering use a sorting algorithm for rearranging the values within a filtering window and taking the median of the sorted value. While using sorting algorithms allows for simple parallel implementations, the cost of the sorting becomes prohibitive as the filtering windows grow. This makes such algorithms, sequential and parallel alike, inefficient. In this work, we introduce the first software parallel median filtering that is non-sorting-based. The new algorithm uses efficient histogram-based operations. These reduce the computational requirements of the new algorithm while also accessing the image fewer times. We show an implementation of our algorithm for both the CPU and NVIDIA's CUDA supported graphics processing unit (GPU). The new algorithm is compared with several other leading CPU and GPU implementations. The CPU implementation has near perfect linear scaling with a speedup on a quad-core system. The GPU implementation is several orders of magnitude faster than the other GPU implementations for mid-size median filters. For small kernels, and , comparison-based approaches are preferable as fewer operations are required. Lastly, the new algorithm is open-source and can be found in the OpenCV library.
Algorithmic construction of sets for <i>k</i> -restrictions (2006)

This work addresses k-restriction problems , which unify combinatorial problems of the following type: The goal is to construct a short list of strings in Σ m that satisfies a given set of k -wise demands. For every k positions and every demand, there must be at least one string in the list that satisfies the demand at these positions. Problems of this form frequently arise in different fields in Computer Science.The standard approach for deterministically solving such problems is via almost k -wise independence or k -wise approximations for other distributions. We offer a generic algorithmic method that yields considerably smaller constructions. To this end, we generalize a previous work of Naor et al. [1995]. Among other results, we enhance the combinatorial objects in the heart of their method, called splitters, and construct multi-way splitters , using a new discrete version of the topological Necklace Splitting Theorem [Alon 1987].We utilize our methods to show improved constructions for group testing [Ngo and Du 2000] and generalized hashing [Alon et al. 2003], and an improved inapproximability result for SET-COVER under the assumption P ≠ NP .
Studies on chiral organo-sulfur compounds. I. Asymmetric synthesis of sulfoxides with optically active o-aminoalkylphenol derivatives. (1983)

Several kinds of optically active o-aminoalkylphenols were prepared and used to develop asymmetric synthetic methods for chiral sulfoxides. The reaction of 2, 3-dihydro-1, 2, 3-benzoxathiazine 2-oxides (derived from the o-aminoalkylphenols and thionyl chloride) with phenylmagnesium bromide, followed by treatment with alkyllithium, gave optically active sulfoxides with high enantiospecificity. Among several kinds of optically active o-aminoalkylphenols examined, the readily available aminophenol, (S)-(-)-o-{1-((S)-1-α-naphthylethylamino)ethyl} phenol, was found to be the most efficient and recyclable chiral source for the asymmetric synthesis of sulfoxides.
Microstructural Evolution of AlCoCrFeNiSi High-Entropy Alloy Powder during Mechanical Alloying and Its Coating Performance (2018)

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising structural materials due to their excellent comprehensive performances. The use of mechanically alloyed powders to deposit HEA coatings through atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is an effective approach that can broaden the application areas of the HEAs. In this paper, a ductility–brittleness AlCoCrFeNiSi system was chosen as an object of study, and the detailed evolution of the surface morphology, particle size distribution, and microstructure of the powder during mechanical alloying was investigated. An AlCoCrFeNiSi HEA coating was deposited using powder milled for 10 h, which can be used as an ideal feedstock for APS. The surface morphology, microstructure, microhardness, and wear behavior of the coating at room temperature were investigated. The results showed that as the milling time increased, the particle size first increased, and then decreased. At the milling time of 10 h, simple body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution phases were formed. After spraying, the lamellar structure inside a single particle disappeared. An ordered BCC phase was detected, and the diffraction peaks of the Si element also disappeared, which indicates that phase transformation occurred during plasma spraying. A transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that nanometer crystalline grains with a grain size of about 30 nm existed in the APS coating. For the coating, an average microhardness of 612 ± 41 HV was obtained. Adhesive wear, tribo-oxidation wear, and slight abrasion wear took place during the wear test. The coating showed good wear resistance, with a volume wear rate of 0.38 ± 0.08 × 10−4 mm3·N−1·m−1, which makes it a promising coating for use in abrasive environments.
Escherichia coli Isolates’ Serotypes, Genotypes, and Virulence Genes and Clinical Coliform Mastitis Severity (2006)

Dairy cattle with clinical mastitis caused by Escherichia coli exhibit a wide range of disease severity, from mild, with only local inflammatory changes of the mammary gland, to severe, with significant systemic derangement. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between serotype and virulence genes of E. coli mastitis isolates, different levels of systemic disease severity, and farm from which the E. coli strain was obtained. One hundred twenty-three E. coli milk isolates were obtained from cows with clinical mastitis of varying systemic disease severity from 6 different farms. No predominant serotype was identified by farm or by systemic disease severity; however, the most frequent serotype, O158:NM (n = 3), was isolated from cows in the moderate severity group. Virulence genes evaluated were identified infrequently and were not associated with systemic disease severity. Evaluation of genetic similarity showed no clustering assigned by farm or mastitis severity based on systemic disease signs. We concluded that a high degree of genotypic variability is characteristic of E. coli strains causing clinical mastitis within and between different farms and systemic severity groups, and that specific cow factors probably play a more important role in determining systemic disease severity.
Catalysis Under Transient Conditions (1982)

Although catalysis can be understood through steady-state experiments, it seems clear that transient experiments will usually furnish much additional information. Often steady-state data can be explained by a number of different models, but the results of transient experiments are usually so rich that only a detailed, complex model will come close to explaining the results. These ideas have long been applied in other fields, but in heterogeneous catalysis they have come into acceptance only during the last 15 years or so. Pioneering experiments were done by Wagner (1) in 1938, and Tamaru (2) became an advocate of the method in 1963, emphasizing the measurement of adsorption during catalysis, the essence of the transient method. A quantitative framework was laid out in 1967 (3), and its implementation was carried out a few years later by Kobayashi and Kobayashi (4) and by Yang et al. (5).
<title>Large Format Film Transport</title> (1977)

A precision continuous or incremental film transport is described, designed for use in conjunction with a laser scanning system. The transport will accommodate 70mm to 9 1/2" inch film and may be operated under manual or computer control.
Seeing Is Believing: Video Classification for Computed Tomographic Colonography Using Multiple-Instance Learning (2012)

In this paper, we present development and testing results for a novel colonic polyp classification method for use as part of a computed tomographic colonography (CTC) computer-aided detection (CAD) system. Inspired by the interpretative methodology of radiologists using 3-D fly-through mode in CTC reading, we have developed an algorithm which utilizes sequences of images (referred to here as videos) for classification of CAD marks. For each CAD mark, we created a video composed of a series of intraluminal, volume-rendered images visualizing the detection from multiple viewpoints. We then framed the video classification question as a multiple-instance learning (MIL) problem. Since a positive (negative) bag may contain negative (positive) instances, which in our case depends on the viewing angles and camera distance to the target, we developed a novel MIL paradigm to accommodate this class of problems. We solved the new MIL problem by maximizing a L2-norm soft margin using semidefinite programming, which can optimize relevant parameters automatically. We tested our method by analyzing a CTC data set obtained from 50 patients from three medical centers. Our proposed method showed significantly better performance compared with several traditional MIL methods.
Porous ovalbumin scaffolds with tunable properties: A resource-efficient biodegradable material for tissue engineering applications (2014)

Natural materials are promising alternatives to synthetic materials used in tissue engineering applications as they have superior biocompatibility and promote better cell attachment and proliferation. Ovalbumin, a natural polymer found in avian egg white, is an example of a nature-derived material. Despite the availability and reported biocompatibility of ovalbumin, limited research has been carried out to investigate the efficacy of ovalbumin-based scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering applications. Hence, the current study was carried out to investigate the effect of different crosslinkers on ovalbumin scaffold properties as first step towards the development of ovalbumin-based scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering applications. In this study, highly porous three-dimensional scaffolds were fabricated by using three different crosslinkers: glutaraldehyde, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether. Results showed that the overall scaffold properties such as morphology, pore size and mechanical properties could be modulated based on the type and concentration of crosslinkers used during the fabrication process. Subsequently, the efficacy of the different scaffolds for supporting cell proliferation was investigated. In vitro degradation was also carried on for the best scaffold based on the mechanical and cellular results. Overall, this study is a demonstration of the viability of ovalbumin-based scaffolds as cell carriers for soft tissue engineering applications.
Fabrication of Nanometer-Sized Electrodes and Tips for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (2001)

A novel method for fabrication of nanometer-sized electrodes and tips suitable for scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is reported. A fine etched Pt wire is coated with polyimide, which was produced by polymerization on the Pt surface initiated by heat. This method can prepare electrodes with effective radii varying from a few to hundreds of nanometers. Scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and SECM were used to characterize these electrodes. Well-defined steady-state voltammograms could be obtained in aqueous or in 1,2-dichloroethane solutions. This method produced the nanoelectrodes with exposed Pt on the apex, and they can also be employed as the nanotips for SECM investigations. Different sizes of Pt nanotips made by this method were employed to evaluate the kinetics of the redox reaction of Ru(NH3)6(3+) on the surface of a large Pt electrode by SECM, and the standard rate constant kappa0 of this system was calculated from the best fit of the SECM approach curve. This result is similar to the values obtained by analysis of the obtained voltammetric data.
Spear-fishing at Red Point in 1823 (1963)

From "Journal of an Excursion to the Five Islands and Shoal Haven", by Barron Field).Wednesday, 22nd October.Rested this morning, and in the evening went to see the natives fish by torchlight.They make torches of bundles of bark, beaten and tied up, and with the light of these scare the bream into motion that lie among the rocky shallows, when they either spear them with the fizgig, or drag then from under their hiding-places with the hand, bite their heads, and throw them high and dry on the shore.The sight is very novel and picturesquethe torch being flashed in one hand and the spear poised in the other -though there were but few natives here at this time, the majority being absent feasting upon a whole which chance had thrown upon the coast.The Indians, however, by no means attribute this to chance, but to the kind providence of the spirits of their fathers, whom they believe to be transformed into porpoises (dolphins) after death, I ike Bacchus' pirates in Homer, and who, in that shape, drive the whales on shore.With this view, the natives obsecrate the porpoises by songs, when they see them rolling.I found also that the aborigines of New Holland were strictly divided into two classes, the hunters and the fishers; and that they d id not dare to encroach upon each other' s mode of gaining a livelihood.Red Point of Captain Cook was the scene of our torch-fishing .Much of the rock was flat, and veined in squares, a s if it had been paved, seemingly the effect of iron and.fusion.Captain Fl inders says, the cause of its being named Red Point escaped his and Mr. Bass' notice, but it was plain to us that the iron gave it a reddish appearance.
Biomass Energy Research (1996)

Biomass Energy Research announces on a bimonthly basis the current worldwide research and development (R&D) information available on biomass power systems, alternate feedstocks from biomass, and biofuels supply options.
Selection of a Moxifloxacin Dose That Suppresses Drug Resistance in<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis,</i>by Use of an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Infection Model and Mathematical Modeling (2004)

A moxifloxacin dose of 800 mg/day is likely to achieve excellent M. tuberculosis microbial kill and to suppress drug resistance. However, tolerability of this higher dose is still unknown.
Topical and systemic absorption in delivery of dexamethasone to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye (2007)

Absorption after topical application dominates in the anterior segment. Topical absorption also plays a significant role in delivering dexamethasone to the posterior segment of the rabbit eye. In medication administered to the retina, 40% of the drug reaches the retina via the systemic route and 60% via topical penetration. Dexamethasone-cyclodextrin eyedrops deliver a significant amount of drug to the rabbit retina.
Generation of PDF with vector symbols from scanned document (2013)

The paper is devoted to the algorithm for generation of PDF with vector symbols from scanned documents. The complex multi-stage technique includes segmentation of the document to text/drawing areas and background, conversion of symbols to lines and Bezier curves, storing compressed background and foreground. In the paper we concentrate on symbol conversion that comprises segmentation of symbol bodies with resolution enhancement, contour tracing and approximation. Presented method outperforms competitive solutions and secures the best compression rate/quality ratio. Scaling of initial document to other sizes as well as several printing/scanning-to-PDF iterations expose advantages of proposed way for handling with document images. Numerical vectorization quality metric was elaborated. The outcomes of OCR software and user opinion survey confirm high quality of proposed method.
Angle-resolved photoemission studies of the band structure of Ti<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Se</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and Ti<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1980)

The electronic structure of high-quality Ti${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ and Ti${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ crystals has been investigated using angle-resolved photoemission with HeI, HeII, and NeI resonance radiation. Results compare well with recent self-consistent energy-band calculations although differences occur which may be due to the three- rather than two-dimensional nature of specific bands. Occupied $d$ states at the zone edge are observed in both materials. A small overlap with the $\frac{s}{p}$ valence band at $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ is observed in the case of Ti${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ in approximate agreement with other workers. Ti${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ appears to be a defect semiconductor with a band gap of 0.3 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.2 eV.