gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A FIELD STUDY OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY OF IOXYNIL AND BROMOXYNIL AND THEIR TOLERANCE BY CEREALS (1964)

Summary. The herbicidal activity and the tolerance of winter and spring cereals to ioxynil (4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐diiodobenzonitrile)and bromoxynil(3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxybenzonitrile) as alkali metal and ammonium salts, have been determined in field experiments. Both compounds controlled most of the important weeds of cereals at doses between 3 and 8 oz a.i./ac. In seedling grass crops, where weeds were influenced less by crop competition, the effective dose range was 6–8 oz/ac. Some species normally resistant to the phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides, including Stellaria media, Tripleurospermum marilimum and some Polygonum spp. were controlled by these herbicides. Ioxynil was generally more active than its dibromo analogue, particularly against Stellaria media . The activity of both compounds was improved by the addition of a wetting agent (0–02% sodium dinonyl sulphosuccinate) but activity was not influenced by changes in volume rate over the range 18–65 gal/ac. Perennial weeds were not affected by the doses needed for the control of annual weeds and rates of 16 oz/ac and above were necessary for the control of Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis . The factors most likely to affect cereal tolerance are growth stage of crop and the addition of wetter to the spray solution. Neither ioxynil nor bromoxynil significantly affected grain yields when applied to spring and winter wheat, spring barley and oats at two to four times the rate necessary for weed control. On a total of five varieties of spring wheat and six varieties each of spring barley and oats applications of both compounds at doses up to 32 oz/ac caused only temporary and superficial leaf scorch. In only two out of twenty‐five experiments was there more than slight scorch at doses below 16 oz/ac and these two cases do not significantly detract from the evidence of the high crop safety margin of these compounds. Étude en plein champ des facteurs influençant l'activité herbicide de l'ioxynil et da bromoxynil et la tolérance des céréales à ces deux herbicides
Distributed call processing for personal communications services (1995)

The authors present a control architecture, procedures, and a signaling system to support advanced personal communication services (PCS). They describe the current cellular system architecture, and its algorithms and data management schemes for providing services. They present review how current cellular systems operate with a focus on mobility management and call and connection control. The benefits of this architecture include lower signaling traffic over wireless links, lower network load for signaling traffic, low call/connection delivery times, ubiquitous service offering, and more efficient routing of connections.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Osteoporosis and Klinefelter's syndrome (1992)

Decreased bone density occurs in about 25% of patients with Klinefelter's syndrome and probably reflects both decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption.
Longitudinal Analysis of Levels of Immunoglobulins against BK Virus Capsid Proteins in Kidney Transplant Recipients (2008)

This study sought to evaluate serology and PCR as tools for measuring BK virus (BKV) replication. Levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA against BKV capsids were measured at five time points for 535 serial samples from 107 patients by using a virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Viral DNA in urine and plasma samples was quantitated. The seroconversion rate was 87.5% (14/16); 78.6% (11/14) and 14.3% (2/14) of patients who seroconverted developed viruria and viremia, respectively. Transient seroreversion was observed in 18.7% of patients at 17.4 +/- 11.9 weeks posttransplant and was not attributable to loss of antigenic stimulation, changes in immunosuppression, or antiviral treatment. Titers for anti-BK IgG, IgA, and IgM were higher in patients with BKV replication than in those without BKV replication. A rise in the optical density (OD) of anti-BK IgA (0.19), IgM (0.04), or IgG (0.38) had a sensitivity of 76.6 to 88.0% and a specificity of 71.7 to 76.1% for detection of viruria. An anti-BK IgG- and IgA-positive phenotype at week 1 was less frequent in patients who subsequently developed viremia (14.3%) than in those who subsequently developed viruria (42.2%) (P = 0.04). Anti-BK IgG OD at week 1 showed a weak negative correlation with peak urine viral load (r = -0.25; P = 0.05). In summary, serial measurements of anti-BKV immunoglobulin class (i) detect onset of viral replication, (ii) document episodes of seroreversion, and (iii) can potentially provide prognostic information.
Potent antagonists for the human adenosine A2B receptor. Derivatives of the triazolotriazine adenosine receptor antagonist ZM241385 with high affinity (1999)

A series of novel and known 5-substituted 7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine derivatives were synthesized and tested for adenosine receptor antagonism in radioligand binding assays at all four adenosine receptor subtypes and for inhibition of the agonist-induced cyclic AMP response at human A2B receptors. The known potent adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, 7-amino-2-(2-furyl)-5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine (ZM241385, KiA2A = 1.78 nM) had a Ki value of 16.5 nM at A2B receptors in radioligand binding studies on Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing A2B receptors. A pA2 value of 7.9 was measured for the inhibition of the cyclic AMP response by A2B receptors induced by 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA). In a series of 5-phenyl(alkyl)amino analogs the 5-(2-phenylethyl)amino analog LUF5452 and the 5-benzylamino analog LUF5451 were both more potent than ZM241385 in the cyclic AMP assay at A2B receptors. Moreover, Ki values of 9.9 and 7.6 nM were found in binding studies at this receptor subtype, indicating that LUF5451 and LUF5452 are more potent A2B receptor antagonists than ZM241385. The affinity of LUF5451 for the A2A receptor (Ki value = 13 nM) showed that the selectivity for this receptor subtype was lost and that a modest A2B receptor selectivity was achieved. The 5-(2-phenylhydrazino) derivative LUF5475 showed a high A2B receptor affinity (Ki = 7.6 nM), while it was equally active at A2A receptors, being A2B receptor-selective with respect to A1 and A3 receptors. Drug Dev. Res. 48:95–103, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of Gefitinib on Serum Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and HER2 in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2004)

Modifications of EGFR serum values during treatment seem to reflect Gefitinib activity.
Principles of Heat Treatment of Steel (1980)

Principles of heat treatment of steel , Principles of heat treatment of steel , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Bak^a, a New Platelet-Specific Antigen Involved inNeonatal Allo-Immune Thrombocytopenia (1980)

A family is described in which the mother developed platelet-specific antibodies, not directed against the antigens of the Zw(Pl^A) or the Ko system. The antibodies were only detectable in the immunofluorescence test and the radioactive antiglobulin test on platelets, and proved to be mainly IgG1 antibodies, although weak IgM antibodies of the same specificity were also detected. By cross-absorption studies, investigation of the family and a small-scale population study, it appeared that the antibodies were directed against a new antigen which we have called Bak^a. The frequency of the Bak^a phenotype in the Dutch population was 90.76%, the calculated genotype frequency 0.696. The Bak^a phenotype was neither sex-linked nor, so far as evaluable, closely linked to other platelet, red-cell, granulocyte, or HLA groups. The first child of this mother died of neonatal thrombocytopenia, the second child was unaffected. During the second pregnancy, the titre of the antibodies did not rise. The platelets of this child were found not to carry the Bak^a antigen.
A new L-H interface concept for very high efficiency silicon solar cells (2002)

The authors have designed a new back surface field (BSF) solar cell with a substructure of the multi-interface L-H type. Some normally separate phenomena are taken into account simultaneously to model a complex interface inserted in the cell emitter. The theoretical modelization and one-dimensional numerical simulation (using the PC-1D software package) show its yield to be 35-40%. In practice, this would necessitate uniting recent technological advances in the same thin sub-structure to ensure: (i) the absorption of low energy photons; (ii) the optical confinement of the infrared light; and (iii) the formation of an inserted highly doped thin film (/spl delta/-doping properties).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An investigation of credit-based flow control protocols (2008)

Credit-based flow control mechanisms, such as those used in the Transmission Control Protocol, allow flow control and error control procedures of data transfer protocols to oper- ate independently. We create a Coloured Petri Net model of a class of data transfer protocols, which uses retransmissions
Thermally self-healing silicone-based networks with potential application in recycling adhesives (2016)

A simpler approach is developed to obtain recyclable self-healing polysiloxane networks based on the thiol-ene reaction and Diels–Alder (DA) reaction which found potential applications in recyclable adhesives especially for glass bonding.
[RNA interference and its possible use in cancer therapy]. (2004)

Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) or RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for silencing gene expression. This mechanism was initially considered as a strange phenomenon limited to few plant species. It has become clear that PTGS occurs in both plants and animals and has roles in viral defense and transposon silencing mechanisms. However, the use of RNA interference triggered by the introduction of small double-stranded RNA (dsRNA or siRNA) into mammalian cells as a tool to knock down expression of specific genes holds the promise to selectively inhibit expression of disease-associated genes in humans. On the other hand, there are about 40,000 protein-coding genes in the human genome, but the function of most of them remains unknown. RNAi technology has now been developed for systematically deciphering the functions and interactions of these thousands of genes.
Preparation of a semisynthetic vaccine to Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 (1983)

A semisynthetic vaccine to Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 has been developed. The hexasaccharide [leads to 3)GlcpA beta(1 leads to 4)Glcp beta(1 leads to]3 was isolated from a partial acid hydrolysate of the capsular polysaccharide S3. It was coupled to stearylamine by reductamination with NaCNBH3 and then incorporated into liposomes. These haptenated liposomes were tested for immunogenicity in mice. They induced protection to a lethal dose (25 50% lethal doses) of S. pneumoniae type 3 and gave rise to immunoglobulin M antibodies. No cross-protection was observed against S. pneumoniae type 11.
Purification and Characterization of Proteinase Inhibitors from Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) Seeds1 (1986)

Seven proteinase inhibitors were isolated from winged bean seeds by ion-exchange chromatographies. These inhibitors had molecular weights of around 20,000, included four half-cystine residues, and were Kunitz-type inhibitors. Two (WTI-2 and 3) inhibited bovine trypsin strongly and four (WCI-1, 2, 3, and 4) inhibited bovine alpha-chymotrypsin, but in different ways. One mole of WCI-2 or -3 could inhibit 2 mol of alpha-chymotrypsin. The remaining inhibitor (WTCI-1) could bind both bovine trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin at the molar ratio of 1:1, but not simultaneously. All four chymotrypsin inhibitors cross-reacted with rabbit anti-WCI-3 serum, while the other inhibitors did not.
A Direct Performance Comparison of Vaned and Vaneless Stators for Radial Turbines (2006)

An extensive performance investigation has been conducted on a radial turbine with three different vaneless volutes and three corresponding vaned stators. Previously published comparisons have been based on turbines with unmatched flow rates, meaning that the impact of stator losses was not isolated from rotor and exit losses. Each vaned stator configuration tested in this investigation matched the flow rate of the corresponding vaneless volute to within 1%. The volutes and the vaned stators were all machined in order to achieve high quality and comparable surface finishes. At all operating conditions, the vaneless volutes were shown to deliver a significant efficiency advantage over the vaned stators. However, the vaneless volute turbines did not demonstrate any greater tolerance for off-design operating conditions than the vaned stator configurations. Full performance data are presented for the six different turbine configurations tested and a one-dimensional turbine performance model is evaluated as a means of predicting and extrapolating turbine performance.
Design and implementation of the KioskNet system (2007)

Rural Internet kiosks in developing countries can cost-effectively provide communication and e-governance services to the poorest sections of society. Unfortunately, a variety of technical and non-technical issues have caused most kiosk deployments to be unsustainable [1]. KioskNet addresses the key technical problems underlying kiosk failure by using robust ‘mechanical backhaul’ for connectivity [2], and by using low-cost and reliable kiosk controllers to support services delivered from one or more recycled PCs. KioskNet also addresses related issues such as security, user management, and log collection. In this paper, we describe the KioskNet system and outline its hardware, software, and security architectures. We describe a pilot deployment, and how we used lessons from this deployment to re-design our initial prototype.
OPN04-3: 1+N Protection in Mesh Networks Using Network Coding over p-Cycles (2006)

p-Cycles have been proposed for pre-provisioned 1:N protection in optical mesh networks. Although the protection circuits are preconfigured, the detection of failures and the rerouting of traffic can be a time consuming operation. Another survivable mode of operation is the 1+1 protection mode, in which a signal is transmitted on two link disjoint circuits, and the destination chooses the strongest of the two signals, hence recovery from failures is instantaneous. The disadvantage is the large number of protection circuits. In this paper we introduce a new concept in protection: 1+N protection, in which a p-Cycle can be used to protect a number of bidirectional connections. Data from different circuits are combined using network coding, which can be implemented in a number of technologies. The maximum outage time under this protection scheme is limited to no more than twice the p-Cycle propagation delay.
Monofluoro- and difluoro-methylenebisphosphonic acids: isopolar analogues of pyrophosphoric acid (1981)

New syntheses are described for the preparation of monofluoromethylenebisphosphonic and difluoromethylenebisphosphonic acids whose physical properties show them to be good isopolar analogues of pyrophosphoric acid of significant biological potential.
Biologically plausible learning in neural networks with modulatory feedback (2017)

Although Hebbian learning has long been a key component in understanding neural plasticity, it has not yet been successful in modeling modulatory feedback connections, which make up a significant portion of connections in the brain. We develop a new learning rule designed around the complications of learning modulatory feedback and composed of three simple concepts grounded in physiologically plausible evidence. Using border ownership as a prototypical example, we show that a Hebbian learning rule fails to properly learn modulatory connections, while our proposed rule correctly learns a stimulus-driven model. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time a border ownership network has been learned. Additionally, we show that the rule can be used as a drop-in replacement for a Hebbian learning rule to learn a biologically consistent model of orientation selectivity, a network which lacks any modulatory connections. Our results predict that the mechanisms we use are integral for learning modulatory connections in the brain and furthermore that modulatory connections have a strong dependence on inhibition.
Cellular Reactions of Osteoblasts to Micron- and Submicron-Scale Porous Structures of Titanium Surfaces (2004)

Osteoblast reactions to topographic structures of titanium play a key role in host tissue responses and the final osseointegration. Since it is difficult to fabricate micro- and nano-scale structures on titanium surfaces, little is known about the mechanism whereby the topography of titanium surfaces exerts its effects on cell behavior at the cellular level. In the present study, the titanium surface was structured in micron- and submicron-scale ranges by anodic oxidation in either 0.2 M H3PO4 or 0.03 M calcium glycerophosphate with 0.15 calcium acetate. The average dimensions of pores in the structured surface were about 0.5 and 2 microm in diameter, with roughness averaging at 0.2 and 0.4 microm, respectively. Enhanced attachment of cells (SaOS-2) was shown on micron- and submicron-scale structures. Initial cell reactions to different titanium surfaces, e.g. the development of the actin-containing structures, are determined by the different morphology of the surfaces. It is demonstrated that on either micron- or submicron-structured surfaces, many well-developed filopodia were observed to be primary adhesion structures in cell-substrate interactions, and some of them entered pores using their distinct tips or points along their length for initial attachment. Therefore, porous structures at either micro- or submicrometre scale supply positive guidance cues for anchorage-dependent cells to attach, leading to enhanced cell attachment. In contrast, the cells attached to a smooth titanium surface by focal contacts around their periphery as predominant adhesion structures, since repulsive signals from the environment led to retraction of the filopodia back to the cell bodies. These cells showed well-organized stress fibres, which exert tension across the cell body, resulting in flattened cells.
Super‐Resolution Imaging of Plasma Membrane Glycans (2014)

Much of the physiology of cells is controlled by the spatial organization of the plasma membrane and the glycosylation patterns of its components, however, studying the distribution, size, and composition of these components remains challenging. A bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy was used for the efficient and specific labeling of membrane-associated glycoconjugates with modified monosaccharide precursors and organic fluorophores. Super-resolution fluorescence imaging was used to visualize plasma membrane glycans with single-molecule sensitivity. Our results demonstrate a homogeneous distribution of N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc)-, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-, and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-modified plasma membrane proteins in different cell lines with densities of several million glycans on each cell surface.
Macromolecule-based platforms for developing tailor-made formulations for scale inhibition (2015)

Macromolecules provide unique opportunities to inhibit scaling, a complex problem and a key challenge faced by water-based industries.
TetraploidMap for Windows: Linkage Map Construction and QTL Mapping in Autotetraploid Species (2007)

An earlier program, TetraploidMap, enabled linkage analysis to be performed for autotetraploid species, with a text-based input and output. The current program, TetraploidMap for Windows, is considerably enhanced, and now goes beyond linkage analysis to perform quantitative trait locus (QTL) interval mapping, with a range of models and thresholds assessed by permutation tests. A Windows-based interface facilitates data entry and exploration. TetraploidMap for Windows is freely available from the Web site of Bioinformatics and Statistics Scotland at http://www.bioss.ac.uk/ (user-friendly software).
Risk Assessment and Decision Analysis with Bayesian Networks (2012)

Although many Bayesian Network (BN) applications are now in everyday use, BNs have not yet achieved mainstream penetration. Focusing on practical real-world problem solving and model building, as opposed to algorithms and theory, Risk Assessment and Decision Analysis with Bayesian Networks explains how to incorporate knowledge with data to develop and use (Bayesian) causal models of risk that provide powerful insights and better decision making.Provides all tools necessary to build and run realistic Bayesian network modelsSupplies extensive example models based on real risk assessment problems in a wide range of application domains provided; for example, finance, safety, systems reliability, law, and moreIntroduces all necessary mathematics, probability, and statistics as neededThe book first establishes the basics of probability, risk, and building and using BN models, then goes into the detailed applications. The underlying BN algorithms appear in appendices rather than the main text since there is no need to understand them to build and use BN models. Keeping the body of the text free of intimidating mathematics, the book provides pragmatic advice about model building to ensure models are built efficiently.A dedicated website, www.BayesianRisk.com, contains executable versions of all of the models described, exercises and worked solutions for all chapters, PowerPoint slides, numerous other resources, and a free downloadable copy of the AgenaRisk software.
University of applied sciences : an important part of the Swiss education and research (2020)

In the 1990s, Switzerland faced one of the most economically difficult times since the Second World War. The economy suffered and unemployment rose as major manufacturing companies closed their doors. In the city of Zurich, for example, about 10 percent of jobs disappeared within one year. It became clear that the service economy would need a better-educated workforce in the future. This was the basis on which Switzerland decided to introduce a new type of university that combines scientific education and practical job experience, the Universitiy of Applied Sciences (UAS).
Observations of the Critical Heat Flux Process During Pool Boiling of FC-72 (2013)

Experimental work was undertaken to investigate the process by which pool-boiling critical heat flux (CHF) occurs using an IR camera to measure the local temperature and heat transfer coefficients on a heated silicon surface. The wetted area fraction (WF), the contact line length density (CLD), the frequency between dryout events, the lifetime of the dry patches, the speed of the advancing and receding contact lines, the dry patch size distribution on the surface, and the heat transfer from the liquid-covered areas were measured throughout the boiling curve. Quantitative analysis of this data at high heat flux and transition through CHF revealed that the boiling curve can simply be obtained by weighting the heat flux from the liquid-covered areas by WF. CHF mechanisms proposed in the literature were evaluated against the observations.