gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New configurations and design techniques for multimode microwave filters for use in industrial microwave ovens and other devices (2013)

[ESP] La energía de microondas se emplea habitualmente en muchas aplicaciones industriales, científicas y médicas, las cuales requieren frecuentemente la participación de personas en contacto directo con los equipos de microondas. Específicamente, los hornos industriales de microondas suelen emplear puertos abiertos en guía de onda para permitir un flujo continuo del material a procesar. Por esta razón, las cuestiones de seguridad son un aspecto primordial en estos sistemas, con el fin de evitar posibles efectos peligrosos en tejidos humanos debidos a fugas de energía de microondas. Varias alternativas para lidiar con este problema se han propuesto en la literatura técnica. Una de las elecciones más efectivas está basada en filtros corrugados reactivos, los cuales reflejan hacia atrás la energía que intenta escapar del aplicador. Pero en esta tesis se han encontrado algunas limitaciones de estas estructuras, particularmente en lo que se refiere a las propiedades dieléctricas del material procesado. La presente tesis aborda el objetivo de mejorar estos filtros reactivos cuando el horno requiere un flujo continuo de material. Para ello, se proponen nuevas estructuras que solucionan los inconvenientes que presentan los filtros tradicionales, así como algoritmos de optimización que reducen el tiempo de diseño. Adicionalmente, se proponen nuevas técnicas de calibración y caracterización aplicadas a dispositivos en guía de onda. [ENG] Microwave energy is extensively used in many industrial, scientific and medical applications, which frequently require the participation of human beings in direct contact with microwave equipment. Specifically, industrial microwave ovens often employ open-ended waveguide ports in order to allow a continuous flow of the material to be processed. For this reason, safety issues become a main concern in such systems to prevent possible dangerous effects on human tissues due to microwave energy leakage. Some alternatives to deal with this leakage problem have been proposed in technical literature. One of the most effective choices is based on corrugated reactive filters which reflect back the energy escaping from the applicator. But some limitations have been found in this work for those traditional structures, particularly regarding the dielectric properties of the processed material. The present thesis addresses the goal of improving these reactive filters when the oven requires a continuous-flow of the material to be processed. In order to do that, new structures are proposed which solve the inconveniences that traditional filters show, along with the use of optimization algorithms that reduce the design time. Additionally, some innovative calibration and characterization techniques are proposed and applied to waveguide devices.
Solid‐state geometry and conformation of linear, diastereoisomeric oligoprolines (1983)

Abstract We have carried out a systematic analysis of the solid‐state conformational preferences of a number of linear homo‐oligoprolines (to the tetramer) by ir absorption and x‐ray diffraction. The peptides present different chiral sequences (tacticities), various types (urethane and amide) of N‐protecting groups, and free and blocked C‐termini (which imply different capabilities of forming H‐bonds). The following conclusions can be drawn: (i) values for the geometry of the prolyl residue and the peptide bond in the cis and in the trans conformations are proposed; (ii) in general the conformational angles φ and ψ in the linear homo‐oligoprolines have values appropriate for the polyproline II structure (conformation F); (iii) the pyrrolidine ring shows various types of puckering with no apparent relation to the backbone conformation; (iv) Pro‐Pro peptide bonds generally take the trans conformation, the few cases of cis conformation being formed by Pro residues of different chirality; (v) the single H‐bond donor — OH, when present, is always bonded to H‐acceptors, which can be either the urethane or the amide or the peptide carbonyl but never the carbonyl group of the — COOH moiety.
The case of the missed icon (2012)

Insights into human visual attention have benefited many areas of computing, but perhaps most significantly visualisation and UI design [3]. With the proliferation of mobile devices capable of supporting significantly complex applications on small screens, demands on mobile UI design and the user's visual system are becoming greater. In this paper, we report results from an empirical study of human visual attention, specifically the Change Blindness phenomenon, on handheld mobile devices and its impact on mobile UI design. It is arguable that due to the small size of the screen - unlike a typical computer monitor - a greater visual coverage of the mobile device is possible, and that these phenomena may occur less frequently during the use of the device, or even that they may not occur at all. Our study shows otherwise.
Chained Anomaly Detection Models for Federated Learning: An Intrusion Detection Case Study (2018)

The adoption of machine learning and deep learning is on the rise in the cybersecurity domain where these AI methods help strengthen traditional system monitoring and threat detection solutions. However, adversaries too are becoming more effective in concealing malicious behavior amongst large amounts of benign behavior data. To address the increasing time-to-detection of these stealthy attacks, interconnected and federated learning systems can improve the detection of malicious behavior by joining forces and pooling together monitoring data. The major challenge that we address in this work is that in a federated learning setup, an adversary has many more opportunities to poison one of the local machine learning models with malicious training samples, thereby influencing the outcome of the federated learning and evading detection. We present a solution where contributing parties in federated learning can be held accountable and have their model updates audited. We describe a permissioned blockchain-based federated learning method where incremental updates to an anomaly detection machine learning model are chained together on the distributed ledger. By integrating federated learning with blockchain technology, our solution supports the auditing of machine learning models without the necessity to centralize the training data. Experiments with a realistic intrusion detection use case and an autoencoder for anomaly detection illustrate that the increased complexity caused by blockchain technology has a limited performance impact on the federated learning, varying between 5 and 15%, while providing full transparency over the distributed training process of the neural network. Furthermore, our blockchain-based federated learning solution can be generalized and applied to more sophisticated neural network architectures and other use cases.
Immunological Characterization and Chloroplast Localization of the Tryptophan Biosynthetic Enzymes of the Flowering Plant Arabidopsis thaliana (1995)

In order to study the tryptophan biosynthetic enzymes of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, polyclonal antibodies were raised against five of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway proteins: anthranilate synthase alpha subunit, phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase, phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase, and the tryptophan synthase alpha and beta subunits. Immunoblot analysis of Arabidopsis leaf protein extracts revealed that the antibodies identify the corresponding proteins that are enriched in Arabidopsis chloroplast fractions. Precursors of phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase and tryptophan synthase alpha subunit were synthesized by in vitro translation. The precursors were efficiently imported and processed by isolated spinach chloroplasts, and the cleavage sites within the precursors were determined. These results provide the first direct evidence that the tryptophan biosynthetic enzymes from Arabidopsis are synthesized as higher molecular weight precursors and then imported into chloroplasts and processed into their mature forms.
Adaptive bidirectional associative memories (1987)

Bidirectionality, forward and backward information flow, is introduced in neural networks to produce two-way associative search for stored stimulus-response associations (A(i),B(i)). Two fields of neurons, F(A) and F(B), are connected by an n x p synaptic marix M. Passing information through M gives one direction, passing information through its transpose M(T) gives the other. Every matrix is bidirectionally stable for bivalent and for continuous neurons. Paired data (A(i),B(i)) are encoded in M by summing bipolar correlation matrices. The bidirectional associative memory (BAM) behaves as a two-layer hierarchy of symmetrically connected neurons. When the neurons in F(A) and F(B) are activated, the network quickly evolves to a stable state of twopattern reverberation, or pseudoadaptive resonance, for every connection topology M. The stable reverberation corresponds to a system energy local minimum. An adaptive BAM allows M to rapidly learn associations without supervision. Stable short-term memory reverberations across F(A) and F(B) gradually seep pattern information into the long-term memory connections M, allowing input associations (A(i),B(i)) to dig their own energy wells in the network state space. The BAM correlation encoding scheme is extended to a general Hebbian learning law. Then every BAM adaptively resonates in the sense that all nodes and edges quickly equilibrate in a system energy local minimum. A sampling adaptive BAM results when many more training samples are presented than there are neurons in F(B) and F(B), but presented for brief pulses of learning, not allowing learning to fully or nearly converge. Learning tends to improve with sample size. Sampling adaptive BAMs can learn some simple continuous mappings and can rapidly abstract bivalent associations from several noisy gray-scale samples.
Bone marrow transplants (2002)

Bone marrow, or haematopoietic stem cell, transplants were originally developed to allow the use of very high dose treatments for malignancies such as leukaemia. Their use was based on the ideathat the high dose treatment might overcome inherent resistance of the malignancy to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Transplants of stem cells from either the same person (autologous) or another person (allogeneic) are used to repopulate and regenerate the bone marrow, “rescuing” the patient from aplasia. Recently, attention has shifted from the straightforward pursuit of higher doses of cytotoxic drugs to the exploitation of immune effects exerted by allogeneic donor cells. Initial work in autologous transplantation concentrated on showing the safety of the process. Many early studies consisted only of case series, but in the past few years several important randomised trials have been reported, allowing closer definition of the conditions for which bone marrow transplants are useful. These include multiple myeloma, recurrent Hodgkin's disease, and aggressive lymphoma in second remission, for which high dose treatment is routinely given following evidence from randomised trials. 1 2

As the indications for stem cell transplants have been better defined overall activity has fallen. The number of high dose procedures reported to the European Blood …
CdS/CdSe Co-Sensitized TiO<sub>2</sub> Photoelectrode for Efficient Hydrogen Generation in a Photoelectrochemical Cell (2009)

An efficient photoelectrode is prepared by sequentially assembled CdS and CdSe quantum dots (QDs) onto a nanocrystalline TiO2 film. The CdS/CdSe co-sensitized photoelectrode was found to have a complementary effect in the light absorption. Furthermore, the cascade structure, TiO2/CdS/CdSe, exhibits a significant enhancement in the current−voltage response, both in dark conditions and under light illumination. On the contrary, the performance of the reverse structure, TiO2/CdSe/CdS, is much less than the electrode using a single sensitizer. The open circuit potentials measured in the dark for these electrodes indicates that a Fermi level alignment occurs between CdS and CdSe after their contact, causing downward and upward shifts of the band edges, respectively, for CdS and CdSe. A stepwise band edge structure is, therefore, constructed in the TiO2/CdS/CdSe electrode, which is responsible for the performance enhancement of this photoelectrode. The saturated photocurrent achieved by the TiO2/CdS/CdSe electrode under the illumination of UV cutoff AM1.5 (100 mW/cm2) is 14.9 mA/cm2, which is three times the value obtained by the TiO2/CdS and TiO2/CdSe electrode. When a ZnS layer is further deposited for passivating the QDs, the corresponding hydrogen evolution rate measured for the TiO2/CdS/CdSe/ZnS electrode is 220 μmol/(cm2 h) (5.4 mL/(cm2 h)). This performance is presently the highest reported for the QD-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells.
Degradation of polyvinyl alcohol by microorganisms. II. Purification and some properties of polyvinyl alcohol-degrading enzyme produced by Pseudomonas O-3. (1976)

Purification was conducted on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) degrading enzyme produced and secreted into the culture medium by Pseudomonas O-3 strain. The enzyme was found to separate into several fractions by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Among these fractions, a fraction adsorbed to SP-Sephadex C-50 at pH 6.0 was purified to homogeneity by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Some properties of this purified enzyme were examined. Optimum pH and temperature were 9.0 and 40°C, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to 50°C and in a pH range between 5 and 11 at 5°C. The enzyme activity was inhibited by Co2+, Ni2+, EDTA, hydroxylamine and salicylaldoxime. In substrate specificity, this enzyme oxidized several kinds of modified PVA, as well as normal PVA, but did not oxidize other synthetic polymers, such as vinylon, polyacrylamide and polyvinyl acetate. The effect of oxygen on this enzyme was examined, and without oxygen, PVA was not broken down by this enzyme. The molecular weight of this enzyme was estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 to be approximately 26, 000.
Bringing real-time scheduling theory and practice closer for multimedia computing (1996)

This paper seeks to bridge the gap between theory and practice of real-time scheduling in the domain of high speed multimedia networking. We show that the strict preemptive nature of real-time scheduling leads to more context switching, and requires system calls for concurrency control. We present our scheduling scheme called rate-monotonic with delayed preemption (rmdp) and show how it reduces both these overheads. We then develop the analytical framework to analyze rmdp and other scheduling schemes that lie in the region between strict (immediate) preemption and no preemption. Our idealized scheduler simulation methodology accounts for the blocking introduced by these schemes under the usual assumption that the time for context switching and preemption is zero. We derive simpler schedulability tests for non-preemptive scheduling, and prove a variant of rate-monotonic scheduling that has fewer preemptions. Our measurements on Sparc and Pentium platforms, show that for the workloads we considered, Rmdp increases useful utilization by as much as 8%. Thus our scheduling policies have the potential to improve performance over existing methods.
Antiangiogenic versus cytotoxic therapeutic approaches in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer: An experimental study with a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sunitinib), gemcitabine and radiotherapy (2009)

This work evaluated SU11248 (sunitinib) as a potential therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with the cytotoxic agent gemcitabine or radiotherapy in a murine model of pancreatic cancer. Panc02 cells were injected subcutaneously into HsdOla/MF1 mice (n=222). Treatment was administered during 1 week: sunitinib (SUN), gemcitabine (GEM), radiotherapy (RT), RT+SUN and GEM+SUN. Mice were sacrificed 14 days after treatment. The effect on microvessel density (MVD) was measured by CD31 staining. Apoptosis (sFAS, cleaved caspase-3) and proangiogenic proteins (VEGF, PlGF, EGF) were measured with ELISA and immunohistochemistry. At day 14, tumors in all groups increased significantly despite treatment. Only after RT/SUN treatment tumor growth slowed down, although the accretion was still significant (P=0.033). Highest levels of apoptosis were seen in GEM/SUN, RT/SUN and RT treated mice (respectively P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05 compared to placebo). MVD was lowest in RT/SUN treated mice [compared to placebo (P<0.05), GEM (P<0.05) and GEM/SUN (P<0.01)]. Highest VEGF levels were seen after RT and RT/SUN treatment [vs. placebo (P<0.001) and vs. other treatments (P<0.01 for all comparisons)]. GEM and SUN in monotherapy lead to an up-regulation of PlGF and EGF, respectively. In conclusion, the combination treatments RT/SUN and GEM/SUN result in a more potent anti-angiogenic and antitumor effect when compared to either treatment alone. Multitargeted angiogenesis inhibitor therapy with sunitinib combined with either radiotherapy or gemcitabine may be a novel approach for human pancreatic cancer.
Persistent Scatterers Interferometry Hotspot and Cluster Analysis (PSI-HCA) for detection of extremely slow-moving landslides (2011)

The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) technique has already shown its importance in landslide mapping and monitoring applications. However, the usefulness of traditional differential InSAR applications is limited by disturbing factors such as temporal decorrelation and atmospheric disturbances. The Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) technique is a recently developed InSAR approach. It generates stable radar benchmarks (namely persistent scatterers, PSI point targets) using a multi-interferogram analysis of SAR images. The PSI technique has the advantage of reducing temporal decorrelation and atmospheric artefacts. The PSI technique is suitable for the investigation of extremely slow-moving landslides due to its capability to detect ground displacements with millimetre precision. However, the interpretation of PSI outputs is sometimes difficult for the large number of possible persistent scatterers (PSs). A new approach of PSI Hotspot and Cluster Analysis (PSI-HCA) is introduced here in order to develop a procedure for mapping landslides efficiently and automatically. This analysis has been performed on PSs in hilly and mountainous areas within the Arno river basin (Italy). The aim is to use PSs processed from 4 years (2003–2006) of Radarsat images for identifying areas preferentially affected by extremely slow-moving landslides. The Getis–Ord Gi * statistic is applied in the study for the PSI-HCA approach. The velocity of PSs is used as weighting factor and the Gi * index is calculated for each single point target. The results indicate that both high positive and low negative Gi * values imply the clustering of potential mass movements. High positive values suggest the moving direction towards the sensor along the satellite line-of-sight (LOS), whereas low negative values imply the movement away from the sensor. Furthermore, the kernel function is used to estimate PS density based on these derived Gi * values. The output is a hotspot map which highlights active mass movements. This spatial statistic approach of PSI-HCA is considered an effective way to extract useful information from PSs at a regional scale, thus providing an innovative approach for rapid mapping of extremely slow-moving landslides over large areas.
External control in Markovian genetic regulatory networks (2004)

Probabilistic Boolean networks (PBN's) have been recently introduced as a rule-based paradigm for modeling gene regulatory networks. Such networks, which form a subclass of Markovian genetic regulatory networks, provide a convenient tool for studying interactions between different genes while allowing for uncertainty in the knowledge of these relationships. This paper deals with the issue of control in probabilistic Boolean networks. More precisely, given a general Markovian genetic regulatory network whose state transition probabilities depend on an external (control) variable, the paper develops a procedure by which one can choose the sequence of control actions that minimize a given performance index over a finite number of steps. The procedure is based on the theory of controlled Markov chains and makes use of the classical technique of dynamic programming. The choice of the finite horizon performance index is motivated by cancer treatment applications where one would ideally like to intervene only over a finite time horizon, then suspend treatment and observe the effects over some additional time before deciding if further intervention is necessary. The undiscounted finite horizon cost minimization problem considered here is the simplest one to formulate and solve, and is selected mainly for clarity of exposition, although more complicated costs could be used, provided appropriate technical conditions are satisfied.
The problem of thermal-expansion stresses in reinforced plastics (1942)

Report presenting an analysis of the failure of adhesive bonds and its relation to boundary stress concentrations. A variety of material combinations, including metals and plastics, were examined and stress tested. The method of computing the thermal coefficients is applied to mixtures and especially to reinforced plastics.
Copper oxide impregnated wound dressing: biocidal and safety studies. (2010)

﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿ ﻿﻿Copper plays a key role in angiogenesis and in the expression and stabilization of extracellular skin proteins. Copper also exhibits broad biocidal properties. The authors hypothesized that introducing copper into a wound dressing would not only reduce the risk of wound and dressing contamination, but would also stimulate wound repair. To test this hypothesis, non-stick dressings composed of a highly absorbent internal mesh fabric and an external non-woven fabric were fabricated, and each was impregnated with ~2.65% (weight/weight) copper oxide particles. The application to wounds inflicted in genetically engineered diabetic mice resulted in increased gene and in-situ upregulation of proangiogenic factors, increased blood vessel formation, and enhanced wound closure. The present study reports both the potent broad spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal properties of these wound dressings and the lack of adverse reactions as determined in rabbits and a porcine wound model. The prolonged efficacy of the wound dressing is demonstrated by its capacity to reduce the microbial challenge by more than 99.9% even when spiked 5 consecutive times with a high bacterial titer. The dressing's antimicrobial efficacy is exerted within minutes. The dressing did not cause any skin irritation or sensitization to closed skin. Furthermore, no histological differences were found between open wounds exposed to copper oxide containing wound dressings or control dressings. Therefore, copper containing wound dressings hold significant promise in wound healing and their clinical use should be explored ﻿﻿﻿.
Theoretical basis for the use of angiotensin II antagonists in the treatment of heart failure. (1993)

At the tissue level, Ang II may still be generated in a patient receiving systemic ACE inhibitor therapy. Ang II blockade at the receptor level may thus be more efficient than ACE inhibition in blocking the undesirable cardiovascular actions of Ang II.
Experiments in Optimal Control of a Flexible Arm with Passive Damping (1985)

Presented at the Fifth VPI &SU / AIAA Symposium on Dynamics and Control of Large Structures, Blacksburg, VA, June 12, 1985.