gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipid angiogenic factor from omentum (1984)

Placing the omentum on the brain surface by surgical transposition or transplantation will result in the development of numerous neovascular connections between these two structures. This phenomenon occurs even in the absence of cerebral ischemia, which raised the question as to whether an angiogenic factor was causing the response. A lipid material obtained from the omentum contains a potent angiogenic factor extractable in a chloroform-methanol solvent mixture. Angiogenesis created by this material was observed in the rabbit cornea after only a single injection of the substance. The angiogenic material obtained from the omentum is abundant in supply. This important characteristic offers promise for the purification and identification of its structure, which should allow for extensive animal and clinical studies dealing with the development or inhibition of angiogenesis. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:2034-2036)
The Juxtamembrane Sequence of Cytochrome P-450 2C1 Contains an Endoplasmic Reticulum Retention Signal (2001)

The N-terminal signal anchor of cytochrome P-450 2C1 mediates retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane of several reporter proteins. The same sequence fused to the C terminus of the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor permits transport of the chimeric protein to the plasma membrane. In the N-terminal position, the ER retention function of this signal depends on the polarity of the hydrophobic domain and the sequence KQS in the short hydrophilic linker immediately following the transmembrane domain. To determine what properties are required for the ER retention function of the signal anchor in a position other than the N terminus, the effect of mutations in the linker and hydrophobic domains on subcellular localization in COS1 cells of chimeric proteins with the P-450 signal anchor in an internal or C-terminal position was analyzed. For the C-terminal position, the signal anchor was fused to the end of the luminal domain of epidermal growth factor receptor, and green fluorescent protein was additionally fused at the C terminus of the signal anchor for the internal position. In these chimeras, the ER retention function of the signal anchor was rescued by deletion of three leucines at the C-terminal side of its hydrophobic domain; however, deletion of three valines from the N-terminal side did not affect transport to the cell surface. ER retention of the C-terminal deletion mutants was eliminated by substitution of alanines for glutamine and serine in the linker sequence. These data are consistent with a model in which the position of the linker sequence at the membrane surface, which is critical for ER retention, is dependent on the transmembrane domain.
Multibeam array antenna for data relay satellite (1988)

Abstract As the use of space expands, the demand for data relay systems between satellites used for real time data transmission between the ground station and a satellite has increased. This paper proposes a data relay multiple‐access system between satellites which is suited for a relatively small number of users in Japan. The paper also describes the 19‐beam multibeam array antenna developed for this system. Compared to NASA's AGIPA system, the present on‐board multibeam system has a number of advantages: effective use of frequency and power; simplification; and cost effectiveness of the ground station if the number of user satellites is small. Next, a multibeam antenna system suited for this system is studied. It is found that the multibeam array is suited in the case where many beams are formed with a relatively small aperture. The configuration and design method are described. As individual elements, a newly developed broadband microstrip array and a small beam‐forming circuit with a good beam‐forming capability are described. Based on these devices, a 19‐element array antenna with 19 multibeams and one scanning beam is developed. Its technical possibility is proven as a satellite‐borne antenna.
Ionic liquid as additive to increase sensitivity, resolution, and diffraction efficiency of photopolymerizable hologram material (2008)

Ionic liquid was used as additive in photosensitive photopolymerizable materials. Ionic liquid as additive in photopolymerizable hologram material increases the sensitivity, the resolution, and the refractive index modulation of the material efficiently, which present strong diffusion after stopping the exposure due to the diffusion-controlled polymerization in ionic liquid. The diffraction efficiency was raised up to the theoretical maximum of 34% in the thin hologram.
중년기 위기감 ( 3 ) ; 개방성향과 직업 , 결혼 , 자녀관계가 중년기 위기감에 미치는 영향 (1993)

본 연구는 중년기 위기 개념을 정서적 위기와 인지적 위기의 두 차원으로 구분하여, 성격의 한 요인인 개방성향과 일차적인 사회체계내에서의 관계인 직업, 결혼 및 자녀관계가 이 두 차원의 위기에 영향을 미치는 역동적인 경로를 확인하고자 했다. 그 결과, 정서적 위기에는 사회체계내에서의 관계가 직접 영향을 미치고 있었는데, 직업, 결혼 및 자녀관계에서의 불만족도가 높을수록 침체감, 무력감, 절망, 불행감, 인생의 지리함 등의 정서적 위기감을 많이 경험하고 있었다. 그리고 이러한 정서적 위기감이 인지적 위기감에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 그러나 인지적 위기는 개방성향에 의해 직접 영향을 받고 있었으며, 개방성향이 높을수록 삶에 대한 재조명이나 자기탐색, 내성, 자아인식 등을 통하여 삶의 구조를 새롭게 수정해 가려는 기미가 보였다. 이는 중년기 위기 진행이 `파괴→재평가→재통합`의 단계적인 순서로 진행되고 있음을 시사하고 있다.
Mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of carbon-polyurethane composites. (1990)

黒鉛, カーボンブラック, 黒鉛層間化合物, ニッケル粉末を導電性付与剤とするポリウレタン複合体を合成し, X線回折, 熱的性質, 力学物性及び導電性を測定した. 黒鉛, Ni粉末, CuCl2-黒鉛層間化合物においては, 導電性の改良はあまり見られなかったが, 空気中で不安定なCuCl2-層間化合物を, ポリウレタン中に安定に組み込むことができた. これらの系にリチウムイオンを導入した結果, CuCl2-黒鉛層間化合物系で2～3桁導電性が向上した. 炭素繊維系, カーボンブラック系複合体の導電性は比較的少量の添加でもって改良され, 106～102Ω•cmの体積抵抗値を示し, 力学物性の向上とあいまって, 導電性材料•帯電防止材料として利用可能となった. カーボンブラックの分散剤としてプロピレンカーボネートを用いることでポリウレタンとの混合性の改善をはかり, -100°Cから100°Cの間で体積抵抗値 (20, 又は200Ω•cm)が一定のポリウレタン複合体を合成できた.
Transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain: risk factors and protective factors (2009)

Most patients who undergo surgery recover uneventfully and resume their normal daily activities within weeks. Nevertheless, chronic postsurgical pain develops in an alarming proportion of patients. The prevailing approach of focusing on established chronic pain implicitly assumes that information generated during the acute injury phase is not important to the subsequent development of chronic pain. However, a rarely appreciated fact is that every chronic pain was once acute. Here, we argue that a focus on the transition from acute to chronic pain may reveal important cues that will help us to predict who will go on to develop chronic pain and who will not. Unlike other injuries, surgery presents a unique set of circumstances in which the precise timing of the physical insult and ensuing pain are known in advance. This provides an opportunity, before surgery, to identify the risk factors and protective factors that predict the course of recovery. In this paper, the epidemiology of chronic postsurgical pain is reviewed. The surgical, psychosocial, socio-environmental and patient-related factors that appear to confer a greater risk of developing chronic postsurgical pain are described. The genetics of chronic postsurgical pain are discussed with emphasis on known polymorphisms in human genes associated with chronic pain, genetic studies of rodent models of pain involving surgical approaches, the importance of developing accurate human chronic postsurgical pain phenotypes and the expected gains for chronic postsurgical pain medicine in the post-genomic era. Evidence is then reviewed for a preventive multimodal analgesic approach to surgery. While there is some evidence that chronic postsurgical pain can be minimized or prevented by an analgesic approach involving aggressive perioperative multimodal treatment, other studies fail to show this benefit. The transition of acute postoperative pain to chronic postsurgical pain is a complex and poorly understood developmental process, involving biological, psychological and social-environmental factors.
Simple, Clickable Protocol for Atomic Force Microscopy Tip Modification and Its Application for Trace Ricin Detection by Recognition Imaging (2009)

A simple two-step protocol for modification of atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip and substrate by using a "click reaction" has been developed. The modified tip and substrate would be applied to detect trace amounts of ricin by using atomic force microscopy. A key feature of the approach is the use of a PEG (polyethylene glycol) derivative functionalized with one thiol and one azide ending group. One end of the PEG was attached to the gold-coated AFM tip by a strong Au-thiol bond. The azide group hanging at the other end of the immobilized PEG was used for the attachment of an antiricin antibody modified with an alkyne group using a "click reaction". The latter reaction is highly efficient, compatible with the presence of many functional groups and could proceed under mild reaction conditions. In a separate step, ricin was immobilized on the gold substrate surface that was modified by active esters. For this process, a novel bifunctional reagent was employed containing an active ester and a thioctic acid moiety. By these modification processes, AFM recognition imaging was used to detect the toxin molecules and the results show fg/mL detection sensitivity, surpassing the existing detection techniques. With measurement of the unbinding force between the antiricin antibody and ricin, which was statistically determined to be 64.89 +/- 1.67 pN, the single molecular specificity of this sensing technique is realized.
Automatically partition software into least privilege components using dynamic data dependency analysis (2013)

The principle of least privilege requires that software components should be granted only necessary privileges, so that compromising one component does not lead to compromising others. However, writing privilege separated software is difficult and as a result, a large number of software is monolithic, i.e., it runs as a whole without separation. Manually rewriting monolithic software into privilege separated software requires significant effort and can be error prone. We propose ProgramCutter, a novel approach to automatically partitioning monolithic software using dynamic data dependency analysis. ProgramCutter works by constructing a data dependency graph whose nodes are functions and edges are data dependencies between functions. The graph is then partitioned into subgraphs where each subgraph represents a least privilege component. The privilege separated software runs each component in a separated process with confined system privileges. We evaluate it by applying it on four open source software. We can reduce the privileged part of the program from 100% to below 22%, while having a reasonable execution time overhead. Since ProgramCutter does not require any expert knowledge of the software, it not only can be used by its developers for software refactoring, but also by end users or system administrators. Our contributions are threefold: (i) we define a quantitative measure of the security and performance of privilege separation; (ii) we propose a graph-based approach to compute the optimal separation based on dynamic information flow analysis; and (iii) the separation process is automatic and does not require expert knowledge of the software.
Crosslinking of progesterone receptor to DNA using tuneable nanosecond, picosecond and femtosecond UV laser pulses (1997)

UV laser crosslinking is a potentially powerful tool to investigate transient DNA-protein interactions and binding kinetics in intact cells. As the processes underlying UV laser crosslinking are not fully understood, we have performed a study of the influence of laser pulses with different physical parameters on crosslinking of the progesterone receptor to an oligonucleotide containing a hormone-responsive element. We also studied the influence of the various parameters on the amount of laser-irradiated DNA that can be correctly primer extended as an operational measurement of DNA integrity. A strong influence of pulse intensity and pulse length on the crosslink yield was found, likely due to a change in the 'two photon' processes responsible for crosslinking. The highest efficiency of protein crosslinking to DNA was achieved with femtosecond pulses and should be sufficient to enable use of this technique for in vivo studies.
Corticosteroids or ACTH for acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis (2000)

We found evidence favouring the corticosteroid MP for acute exacerbation in MS patients. Data are insufficient to reliably estimate effect of corticosteroids on prevention of new exacerbations and reduction of long-term disability. Studies assessing long term risk/benefit and adverse effects of corticosteroids in MS patients are urgently needed.
Narrow Low-Frequency Spectrum and Heat Management by Thermocrystals (2013)

By transforming heat flux from particle to wave phonon transport, we introduce a new class of engineered material to control thermal conduction. We show that rationally designed nanostructured alloys can lead to a fundamental new approach for thermal management, guiding heat as photonic and phononic crystals guide light and sound, respectively. Novel applications for these materials include heat waveguides, thermal lattices, heat imaging, thermo-optics, thermal diodes, and thermal cloaking.
Semicarbazides as gel forming agents for common solvents and liquid crystals (2005)

This paper describes the synthesis of 14 new gelling agents with semicarbazide groups as H-bonding motifs and alkyl- and/or azobenzene side groups. They gel solvents like decaline, 1,2-dichlorobenzene and toluene and liquid crystalline mixtures. X-Ray structure analysis shows that the semicarbazides are connected by H-bonds, each molecule to four neighbours. As a result a ribbon is formed with a core of H-bonded semicarbazide groups and alkyl chains sticking to the side. IR measurements show an unchanged H-bonding motif in large crystals and in the gel fibres, even in LC-mixture. During heating the gel melts (rheology), while the H-bonding motif of the crystal disappears (IR and DSC measurements). First experiments show that these gel-forming agents can be used to gel LC-phases and to stabilise the director pattern present during gel formation.
A micromachined silicon electron tunneling sensor (2002)

An electron tunneling sensor that takes advantage of the extreme position sensitivity of electron tunneling and the unique properties of micromachined silicon is presented. Anisotropic etchants, such as EDP, are used to create micrometer- and millimeter-scale structures such as single-crystal silicon springs, electrodes, and tunneling tips, which are then incorporated in the sensor. The electrostatic force between a pair of planar electrodes is used to control the separation between the tunneling tip and the surface. The thermal drift, hysteresis, and creep of conventional piezoelectric actuators is thereby avoided. Because the structure is composed entirely of silicon, the usual problems associated with differential thermal expansion in piezoelectric-based tunnel devices are greatly reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Case Reports???Treatment of Chronic Anorexia Nervosa with Opiate Blockade (1987)

1Psychiatry 2Pharmacology 3Medicine Wayne State University School of Medicine 4Departments of Psychiatry 5Medicine Harper-Grace Hospitals Detroit, Michigan
Distinct Extracytoplasmic Siderophore Binding Proteins Recognize Ferrioxamines and Ferricoelichelin in <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> A3(2) (2010)

Under iron limitation, the Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) excretes three siderophores of the hydroxamate type: desferrioxamine B, desferrioxamine E, and coelichelin. These sequester iron from insoluble ferric hydroxides, and the resulting ferric complexes are believed to be transported into the cell via siderophore-binding proteins (SBPs) associated with ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Previous studies indicated that some of the genes in the desferrioxamine (des) and coelichelin (cch) biosynthetic clusters encode ABC transporter components required for efficient uptake of ferrioxamine E and ferricoelichelin, respectively, and a third ABC transporter gene cluster (cdt), not associated with siderophore biosynthesis genes, was implicated in the import of ferrioxamine B. In this study, the putative SBPs associated with these three gene clusters, DesE, CchF, and CdtB, were recombinantly overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity, and their binding affinity for cognate siderophores and noncognate siderophores was examined using fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. DesE was found to bind all of the ferric-tris-hydroxamates tested except ferricoelichelin, while CchF was found to bind only ferricoelichelin efficiently, providing further evidence that the cch cluster is a complete siderophore biosynthesis-export-uptake gene cluster. The picture was more complicated for CdtB, because it was found to be unstable in solution but was found to bind both ferrioxamine B and ferricoelichelin with high affinity. This was surprising because the cch cluster was previously reported to be necessary for efficient ferricoelichelin uptake. The remarkable specificity of the DesE and CchF proteins for different ferric-tris-hydroxamates raises intriguing questions about the molecular basis of their substrate specificity.
<i>In-Situ</i> Nanoindentation – A Unique Probe Of Deformation Response In Materials (2003)

In-situ transmission electron microscopy is particularly well suited to observing the mechanisms of dislocation nucleation, propagation and interaction in materials.
AC switches with integrated gate driver supplies (2005)

Monolithic integration dedicated to power electronics applications simplifies design and implementation of converters. This paper presents a simple and highly integrated gate driver powering technique for AC switches and AC to AC converters. Gate driver supply operating principle and integration are first recalled. Then, it is shown how the proposed solution can easily be implemented into or within AC switches made with two elements or even with double sided switches. Finally, it is shown how this gate driver powering technique operates when used in AC to AC converters. An experimental set up comes to validate this operation and the overall approach
Resistance of an adenosine kinase-deficient human lymphoblastoid cell line to effects of deoxyadenosine on growth, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inactivation, and dATP accumulation. (1980)

Accumulation of dATP derived from 2'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo), causing inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase and depletion of the other deoxynucleotide substrates required for DNA synthesis, has been suggested as the cause of the lymphopenia and immune defect in inheritable deficiency of adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4). dAdo also inactivates the enzyme S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase; S-adenosyl-L-homocystein hydrolase EC 3.3.1.1) which is involved in the catabolism of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy), both a product and a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent transmethylation. We have tried to determine whether inactivation of AdoHcyase might also contribute to dAdo toxicity to adenosine deaminase-inhibited cells. dAdo rapidly inactivates intracellular AdoHcyase and causes the accumulation of AdoHcy in WI-L2 human B lymphoblastoid cells. Low concentrations of adenosine (Ado), which block binding of dAdo to purified AdoHcyase, prevented inactivation of intracellular AdoHcyase and also lessened the growth-inhibitory effect of dAdo. A mutant of this cell line which lacks Ado kinase and accumulated endogenously synthesized Ado was resistant to the effects of dAdo on both growth and AdoHcyase activity. The mutant also accumulated far less dATP from dAdo than did its parent and was resistant to the inhibitory effect of dAdo on DNA synthesis, indicating the Ado kinase is involved in dAdo phosphorylation in these cells. Combinations of deoxycytidine, thymidine, and deoxyguanosine that could prevent dATP-mediated depletion of deoxynucleotide pools but not AdoHcyase inactivation were less effective than Ado in preventing dAdo toxicity to normal lymphoblasts. Our results suggest that inactivation of AdoHcyase, as well as dATP accumulation, contributes to dAdo toxicity.
Comparative Evaluation of Three Continuous Speech Recognition Software Packages in the Generation of Medical Reports (2000)

This study is one of a few attempts at a robust evaluation of the performance of continuous speech recognition software. Results of this study suggest that with minimal training, the IBM software outperforms the other products in the domain of general medicine; however, results may vary with domain. Additional training is likely to improve the out-of-box performance of all three products. Although the IBM software was found to have the lowest overall error rate, successive generations of speech recognition software are likely to surpass the accuracy rates found in this investigation.
Antifungal activity of chitinolytic bacteria isolated from airtight stored cereal grain (1998)

Chitinolytic bacteria are used as biocontrol agents of plant pathogenic fungi. They might also potentially inhibit growth of molds, e.g., Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., in stored plant material. We isolated chitinolytic bacteria from airtight stored cereal grain and evaluated their antifungal capacity. Between 0.01 and 0.5% of the total aerobic counts were chitinolytic bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria, mainly Pseudomonadaceae, constituted approximately 80% of the chitinolytic population. Gram-positive isolates belonged predominantly to the Corynebacterium-Arthrobacter group, Streptomyces, and Bacillus. Chitinolytic activity was evaluated using culture filtrates from chitin-grown isolates as the release of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl N,N'-diacetylchitobiose and as the formation of clearing zones on chitin agar. No correlation between chitinolytic activity and antifungal effects was found when challenging Penicillium roqueforti Dierckx with bacterial isolates on chitin agar in a dual culture bioassay. Fungal hyphae frequently grew seemingly unaffected through the bacterial colony of a high chitinase producer on colloidal chitin. Only 4% of the chitinolytic isolates had strong effects on fungal growth. Among these, Streptomyces halstedii (K122) and Streptomyces coelicolor (K139) inhibited growth of a broad range of fungi. Streptomyces halstedii affected hyphal morphology and decreased the radial growth rate of all fungi investigated. These effects were not caused by volatile metabolites, polyenes, or N-carbamoyl-D-glucosamine.Key words: antifungal, chitinase, Streptomyces halstedii, Streptomyces coelicolor.
Flavonoids activate wild-type p53. (1996)

Flavonoids are diphenyl propanoids widely distributed in edible plants. They play a dual role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Some of them act as anticarcinogens or inhibit the growth of tumour cells, whereas others act as cocarcinogens, are mutagenic or able to induce DNA damage. To further elucidate this dual role, we investigated the influence of apigenin, luteolin and quercetin on the tumour suppressor protein p53, regarding p53 accumulation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and biological activity. We found that incubation of the non-tumour cell line C3H10T1/2CL8 with these flavonoids resulted in induction of p53 accumulation and apoptosis. Apoptosis occurred out of the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. The G2/M arrest seems to be p53-dependent as it did not occur in p53 knockout fibroblasts which further supports the recent finding that p53 is involved in the G2/M checkpoint control. Differences between the flavonoids tested concerned p53 accumulation kinetics as well as the biological activity of accumulated p53 and might be due to different modes of flavonoid action. These data suggest that both aspects of flavonoid effects, i.e. inhibition of tumour growth through cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis, are functionally related to p53.