gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peer Reviewed: Systematic LC/MS Metabolite Identification in Drug Discovery (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeatureNEXTPeer Reviewed: Systematic LC/MS Metabolite Identification in Drug DiscoveryA four-step strategy to characterize metabolites by LC/MS techniques early in the pharmaceutical discovery process.Nigel J. Clarke, Diane Rindgen, Walter A. Korfmacher, and Kathleen A. CoxCite this: Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 15, 430 A–439 APublication Date (Web):August 1, 2001Publication History Published online1 August 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac012480yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac012480ynewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views6172Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (10 MB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Drug discovery,Metabolism Get e-Alerts
Answering XML Queries over Heterogeneous Data Sources. (2001)

This work describes an architecture for integrating heterogeneous data sources under an XML global schema, following the local-as-view approach (local sources&apos; schemas are described as views over the global schema). In this context, we focus on the problem of translating the user&apos;s query against the XML global schema into a SQL query over the local data sources.
The Effects of Gamma-Oryzanol on the Hypothalamo-Pituitary Axis in the Rat (1982)

The effects of gamma oryzanol (gamma-OZ), a ferulic acid of triterpene alcohol, on the synthesis and release of the growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) in vitro and turnover rates of hypothalamic catecholamines were investigated. A single subcutaneous injection of 20 mg/kg of gamma-OZ suppressed GH synthesis and PRL release 1 hour after the injection. gamma-OZ increased medial basal hypothalamic (MBH) dopamine (DA) content, and the DA content was decreased by a treatment of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha MpT), a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, indicating increased synthesis and release of DA in MBH by gamma-OZ. gamma-OZ did not alter norepinephrine (NE) content in MBH, while the NE content was significantly decreased, indicating unchanged synthesis and increased release of NE in MBH by gamma-OZ. These results may explain the previous data concerning the changes in serum levels of GH and PRL by gamma-OZ and also suggest that gamma-OZ can affect the synthesis and/or release of at least two hypothalamic neurotransmitters, DA and NE, resulting in the alterations of anterior pituitary hormone synthesis and/or release.
Autonomic innervation of reproductive organs: Analysis of the neurons whose axons project in the main penile nerve in the pelvic plexus of the rat (1989)

An understanding of the composition of the various nerves of the pelvic plexus is essential in the design of studies to explore the autonomic control of pelvic visceral tissues. As a correlate of this interest, the present study was designed to determine the composition of the main penile nerve in the pelvic plexus of the laboratory rat, an animal commonly used for studies of reproductive physiology. Retrograde tracing studies indicate that the main penile nerve contains neurons which project to the penile crura, the corpus spongiosum, and the bulbourethral glands. The main penile nerve is the major source of neurons which innervate the corpus spongiosum and bulbourethral gland and contains about one-third of all parasympathetic neurons which project to the penile crura. Dye placed on the proximal cut end of the main penile nerve indicates that neurons in the parasympathetic region of the spinal cord (L6-S1) and to a lesser extent a sympathetic region of the cord, L1-L2, provide preganglionic innervation to ganglion cells in the main pelvic nerve. Processes of neurons in dorsal root ganglia L6-S1 and of neurons in the abdominopelvic sympathetic chain course in the main penile nerve to unknown destinations. In many respects this presumed postganglionic fiber tract is essentially a region of the pelvic plexus which subserves extrapelvic visceral tissues.
Circulating Neuroblastoma Cells Detected by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction for Tyrosine Hydroxylase mRNA Are an Independent Poor Prognostic Indicator in Stage 4 Neuroblastoma in Children Over 1 Year (2001)

TH mRNA in peripheral blood of children with neuroblastoma is a poor prognostic indicator, reflecting the propensity for dissemination via the bloodstream. When combined with a serum LDH > 1500 IU/L, this is the most powerful poor prognostic model at diagnosis for children > 1 year old with stage 4 disease. The detection of TH mRNA in peripheral blood from clinically disease-free children is related to increased risk of relapse and death.
Inhibition of basal and reflex-mediated sympathetic activity in the RVLM by nitric oxide (1995)

We examined possible functional roles for nitric oxide (NO) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), which is the final area for integration of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) within the brain stem. Chloralose-anesthetized cats were completely baro- and chemoreceptor denervated, the RVLM was exposed for microinjections, and preganglionic SNA was recorded from the white ramus of the 3rd thoracic segment. Injections of NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), an inhibitor of NO synthase, but not of NG-nitro-D-arginine, caused distinct increases in SNA and arterial blood pressure (BP). Excitatory somatosympathetic reflex amplitudes evoked by electrical stimulation of the 4th intercostal nerve were significantly increased by L-NNA whereas inhibitory responses to baroreflex activation by stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve were not affected. The effects of L-NNA were counteracted by the NO-donor compounds glyceryltrinitrate and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, which decreased BP and SNA below control values at higher doses. These results suggest that endogenous NO, in addition to its peripheral actions, modulates the central nervous control of cardiovascular functions by reduction of basal sympathetic tone and by attenuation of excitatory reflex responses.
Production of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Glasses by Liquid Quenching and their Glass Transition and Structural Relaxation (1988)

New BiSrCaCu 2 O y and Bi 1.3 SrCaCu 2 O y oxide glasses were produced by the single roller melt-spinning technique. The glasses were found to translate into a supercooled liquid accompanied with a distinctly appreciable glass transition at about 680 K, followed by crystallization at about 725 K. The increase in Bi content brought about a decrease in glass transition temperature and an increase in crystallization temperature, i.e. the extension of the supercooled liquid region. Specific heats of the glassy solid and the supercooled liquid and the difference in specific heat between the two states were measured for the two oxide glasses.
Creating Air-Stable Supported Lipid Bilayers by Physical Confinement Induced by Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (2014)

Supported lipid bilayer platforms have been used for various biological applications. However, the lipid bilayers easily delaminate and lose their natural structure after being exposed to an air-water interface. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrated that physical confinement can be used instead of chemical modifications to create air-stable membranes. Physical confinement was generated by the obstacle network induced by a peripheral enzyme, phospholipase A2. The enzyme and reacted lipids could be washed away from the obstacle network, which was detergent-resistant and strongly bonded to the solid support. On the basis of these properties, the obstacle framework on the solid support was reusable and lipid bilayers with the desired composition could be refilled and formed in the region confined by the obstacle framework. The results of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) indicate that the diffusivities of the lipid bilayers before drying and after rehydration were comparable, indicating the air stability of the physically confined membrane. In addition, we observed that the obstacles could trap a thin layer of water after the air-water interface passed through the lipid bilayer. Because the obstacles were demonstrated to be several times higher than a typical lipid membrane on a support, the obstacles may act as container walls, which can trap water above the lipid membrane. The water layer may have prevented the air-water interface from directly contacting the lipid membrane and, therefore, buffered the interfacial force, which could cause membrane delamination. The results suggest the possibility of using physical confinement to create air-stable membranes without changing local membrane rigidity or covering the membrane with protecting molecules.
Natural Language Inference by Tree-Based Convolution and Heuristic Matching (2015)

In this paper, we propose the TBCNN-pair model to recognize entailment and contradiction between two sentences. In our model, a tree-based convolutional neural network (TBCNN) captures sentence-level semantics; then heuristic matching layers like concatenation, element-wise product/difference combine the information in individual sentences. Experimental results show that our model outperforms existing sentence encoding-based approaches by a large margin.
Functional consequences of proline mutations in the predicted transmembrane domain of P-glycoprotein. (1993)

Site-directed mutagenesis was used to investigate whether phenylalanine residues in predicted transmembrane sequences play essential roles in the function of human P-glycoprotein. Mutant cDNAs, in which codons for each of the 31 phenylalanine residues were changed to alanine, were expressed in mouse NIH 3T3 cells and analyzed with respect to their ability to confer resistance to various drugs. Mutation of either Phe-335 to Ala in transmembrane segment 6, or Phe-978 to Ala in transmembrane segment 12, drastically altered the drug resistance profile conferred by the mutant P-glycoprotein in transfected cells. Mutant Phe-335-->Ala conferred little resistance to vinblastine or actinomycin D but retained the ability to confer resistance to colchicine and adriamycin. The mutant also showed increased binding of azidopine, which could be inhibited by lower levels of vinblastine, relative to the wild-type enzyme. By contrast, mutant Phe-978-->Ala conferred little or no resistance to colchicine or adriamycin, while its ability to confer resistance to vinblastine or actinomycin D was retained. These results suggest that Phe-335 and Phe-978 play important roles in the recognition and transport of specific substrates by P-glycoprotein. Mutation of Phe-777 to Ala affected the biosynthesis of the transporter. Mutation of the other 28 phenylalanine residues yielded protein products with structural and functional characteristics that were indistinguishable from the wild-type enzyme.
APT102, a novel adpase, cooperates with aspirin to disrupt bone metastasis in mice (2008)

Platelets contribute to the development of metastasis, the most common cause of mortality in cancer patients, but the precise role that anti-platelet drugs play in cancer treatment is not defined. Metastatic tumor cells can produce platelet alphaIIb beta3 activators, such as ADP and thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)). Inhibitors of platelet beta3 integrins decrease bone metastases in mice but are associated with significant bleeding. We examined the role of a novel soluble apyrase/ADPase, APT102, and an inhibitor of TXA(2) synthesis, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin or ASA), in mouse models of experimental bone metastases. We found that treatment with ASA and APT102 in combination (ASA + APT102), but not either drug alone, significantly decreased breast cancer and melanoma bone metastases in mice with fewer bleeding complications than observed with alphaIIb beta3 inhibition. ASA + APT102 diminished tumor cell induced platelet aggregation but did not directly alter tumor cell viability. Notably, APT102 + ASA treatment did not affect initial tumor cell distribution and similar results were observed in beta3-/- mice. These results show that treatment with ASA + APT102 decreases bone metastases without significant bleeding complications. Anti-platelet drugs such as ASA + APT102 could be valuable experimental tools for studying the role of platelet activation in metastasis as well as a therapeutic option for the prevention of bone metastases.
Effects of Using Multiple Hands and Fingers on Haptic Performance (2013)

It remains controversial whether using two hands and multiple fingers provides any perceptual advantage over a single index finger. The present study examines this long-running question in the haptic-exploration literature by applying rigorous, psychophysical, and mathematical modeling techniques. We compared the performance of fourteen blindfolded sighted participants on seven tactile-map tasks using seven finger conditions. All tasks were benefited by multiple fingers, but it varied whether multiple fingers were beneficial on one hand, two hands, or both. Line-tracing tasks were performed faster when two hands were used, but not more than one finger per hand. Local and global search tasks were faster with multiple fingers, but not two hands. Distance comparison tasks were also performed faster with multiple fingers, and sometimes with two hands. Lastly, moving in a straight line was faster with multiple fingers, but was especially difficult with just two index fingers. These results provide empirical evidence that multiple hands and fingers benefit haptic perception, but the benefits are more complex than simply extending the tactile field of 'view'. This analogy between touch and vision fails to account for the autonomous movements and sensations of the fingers, which we show benefit the haptic perceptual system.
Evaluating probabilistic queries over imprecise data (2003)

Many applications employ sensors for monitoring entities such as temperature and wind speed. A centralized database tracks these entities to enable query processing. Due to continuous changes in these values and limited resources (e.g., network bandwidth and battery power), it is often infeasible to store the exact values at all times. A similar situation exists for moving object environments that track the constantly changing locations of objects. In this environment, it is possible for database queries to produce incorrect or invalid results based upon old data. However, if the degree of error (or uncertainty) between the actual value and the database value is controlled, one can place more confidence in the answers to queries. More generally, query answers can be augmented with probabilistic estimates of the validity of the answers. In this paper we study probabilistic query evaluation based upon uncertain data. A classification of queries is made based upon the nature of the result set. For each class, we develop algorithms for computing probabilistic answers. We address the important issue of measuring the quality of the answers to these queries, and provide algorithms for efficiently pulling data from relevant sensors or moving objects in order to improve the quality of the executing queries. Extensive experiments are performed to examine the effectiveness of several data update policies.
Single‐Face/All‐<i>cis</i> Arene Hydrogenation by a Supported Single‐Site d<sup>0</sup> Organozirconium Catalyst (2016)

Abstract The single‐site supported organozirconium catalyst Cp*ZrBz 2 /ZrS (Cp*=Me 5 C 5 , Bz=benzyl, ZrS=sulfated zirconia) catalyzes the single‐face/all‐cis hydrogenation of a large series of alkylated and fused arene derivatives to the corresponding all‐cis‐cyclohexanes. Kinetic/mechanistic and DFT analysis argue that stereoselection involves rapid, sequential H 2 delivery to a single catalyst‐bound arene face, versus any competing intramolecular arene π‐face interchange.
Discussion on the Internal Control of Computerized Accounting System (2003)

随着计算机在会计领域的广泛应用,对会计工作组织、岗位分工、数据存储形式等方面产生了一系列影响,使原手工操作系统的内部控制不能与之完全适应.构建适合于会计电算化系统的内部控制制度,显得日益迫切.通过对系统的硬件、软件、人员、环境等实施一般控制,可以保证系统的安全可靠运行;通过对数据处理过程实施应用控制,可以保证数据的准确和完整.
Seventy‐Five Microgram Desogestrel Minipill, A New Perspective in Estrogen‐Free Contraception (2003)

Progestin-only minipills have been available for over three decades, yet their use has been limited, because of a documented lower efficacy when compared to pills that combine estrogen and progestin. The availability of a new low-dose progestin-only minipill containing 75 microg desogestrel (DSG) offers a new perspective, since, in a large multicenter study, this minipill gave a crude Pearl index of 0.41 and an adjusted one of 0.14, which is comparable to indices found in clinical trials of oral contraceptives. This minipill also allows for a 12-hour tolerance time in taking the pill. The high effectiveness of the DSG minipill is attributable to an almost constant inhibition of ovulation, as shown by the absence of elevated progesterone circulating levels and inhibition of follicular growth in the vast majority of cycles studied. Since irregular bleeding patterns are observed with all minipills, patterns experienced with DSG 75 microg have been compared to those obtained with levonogestrel 30 microg. As expected, the more pronounced ovarian inhibition produced wider bleeding variability with DSG, but also less bleeding overall. The DSG minipill is suitable for lactating women and represents a valuable addition to oral contraception.
4×4 Si-wire optical path switch with off-chip polarization diversity (2015)

We demonstrate a polarization diversity scheme using fiber polarization splitters for 4×4 Si-wire optical switch. Path-independent on-chip loss of 4.8±0.5 dB and crosstalk of less than -30 dB are achieved with PDL below 1 dB.
Experimental Demonstration of Negative-Index Propagation in a Rectangular Waveguide Loaded With Complementary Split-Ring Resonators (2014)

In a recent paper, we studied a metamaterial consisting of stacked metal plates loaded by embedded complementary split-ring resonators (C-SRRs), ideal to support negative-index propagation and reversed Cherenkov radiation. Here, we experimentally verify negative-index propagation in a related structure, a conventional X-band waveguide loaded with a single column of C-SRRs, emulating a unit cell of an effective bulk negative-index metamaterial. Measurements and supporting simulations reveal a passband between 4.2 and 4.6 GHz, with a phase response typical of negative-index propagation.
Absolute Standard Hydrogen Electrode Potential Measured by Reduction of Aqueous Nanodrops in the Gas Phase (2008)

In solution, half-cell potentials are measured relative to those of other half cells, thereby establishing a ladder of thermochemical values that are referenced to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), which is arbitrarily assigned a value of exactly 0 V. Although there has been considerable interest in, and efforts toward, establishing an absolute electrochemical half-cell potential in solution, there is no general consensus regarding the best approach to obtain this value. Here, ion-electron recombination energies resulting from electron capture by gas-phase nanodrops containing individual [M(NH3)6]3+, M = Ru, Co, Os, Cr, and Ir, and Cu2+ ions are obtained from the number of water molecules that are lost from the reduced precursors. These experimental data combined with nanodrop solvation energies estimated from Born theory and solution-phase entropies estimated from limited experimental data provide absolute reduction energies for these redox couples in bulk aqueous solution. A key advantage of this approach is that solvent effects well past two solvent shells, that are difficult to model accurately, are included in these experimental measurements. By evaluating these data relative to known solution-phase reduction potentials, an absolute value for the SHE of 4.2 +/- 0.4 V versus a free electron is obtained. Although not achieved here, the uncertainty of this method could potentially be reduced to below 0.1 V, making this an attractive method for establishing an absolute electrochemical scale that bridges solution and gas-phase redox chemistry.
Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Therapy, and Implications for Respiratory Care (2006)

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a common clinical disorder that results in pulmonary vascular congestion and reduced cardiac output. CHF should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any adult patient who presents with dyspnea and/or respiratory failure. The diagnosis of heart failure is often determined by a careful history and physical examination and characteristic chest-radiograph findings. The measurement of serum brain natriuretic peptide and echocardiography have substantially improved the accuracy of diagnosis. Therapy for CHF is directed at restoring normal cardiopulmonary physiology and reducing the hyperadrenergic state. The cornerstone of treatment is a combination of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor and slow titration of a beta blocker. Patients with CHF are prone to pulmonary complications, including obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary edema, and pleural effusions. Continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation benefit patients in CHF exacerbations.
T‐cell regulation by CD46 and its relevance in multiple sclerosis (2008)

CD46 is a complement regulatory molecule expressed on every cell type, except for erythrocytes. While initially described as a regulator of complement activity, it later became a 'magnet for pathogens', binding to several viruses and bacteria. More recently, an alternative role for such complement molecules has emerged: they do regulate T-cell immunity, affecting T-cell proliferation and differentiation. In particular, CD46 stimulation induces Tr1 cells, regulatory T cells characterized by massive production of interleukin-10 (IL-10), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. Hence, CD46 is likely to control inflammation. Indeed, data from CD46 transgenic mice highlight a role for CD46 in inflammation, with antagonist roles depending on the cytoplasmic tail being expressed. Furthermore, recent data have shown that CD46 is defective in multiple sclerosis, IL-10 production being severely impaired in these patients. This lack of IL-10 production probably participates in the inflammation observed in patients with multiple sclerosis. This review will summarize the data on CD46 and T cells, and how CD46 is likely involved in multiple sclerosis.