gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical profile, antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of rhizome oil of <i>Zingiber anamalayanum</i> from Western Ghats in India (2015)

Volatile oil from fresh rhizomes of Zingiber anamalayanum was isolated by hydrodistillation and characterised by GC-FID and GC-MS. Twenty-one out of 24 constituents comprising 99.47% of the oil were identified. Major components in Z. anamalayanum rhizome oil were δ-2-carene (52.83%), camphene (9.83%), endo-fenchol (9.42%), iso-dihydrocarveol (6.44%) and cis-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (5.19%). Monoterpene hydrocarbons in the rhizome oil were 65.81%, followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (23.78%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (9.87%). Physical parameters of rhizome oil were [Formula: see text] 1.4031, [Formula: see text] - 16.097(o) (c = 1, CHCl3) and [Formula: see text] 0.9202. Z. anamalayanum rhizome oil showed significant anti-Dalton's Lymphoma Ascitic activity.
Packet-mode scheduling in input-queued cell-based switches (2002)

We consider input-queued switch architectures dealing at their interfaces with variable-size packets, but internally operating on fixed-size cells. Packets are segmented into cells at input ports, transferred through the switching fabric, and reassembled at output ports. Cell transfers are controlled by a scheduling algorithm, which operates in packet-mode: all cells belonging to the same packet are transferred from inputs to outputs without interruption. We prove that input-queued switches using packet-mode scheduling can achieve 100% throughput, and we show by simulation that, depending on the packet size distribution, packet-mode scheduling may provide advantages over cell-mode scheduling.
An Introduction to Information System Risk Management (2007)

Comprehensive genomic profiling for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is likely to identify more patients with rare genetic alterations including uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) mutations. It remains unclear how such patients should be treated, however. We here report a case of NSCLC positive for two uncommon mutations of EGFR and a KRAS mutation, including its treatment with the second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) afatinib. Tumor specimen obtained by a NSCLC patient with no smoking history was analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Comprehensive genomic profiling revealed that the patient harbored the EGFR mutations G719C and S768I as well as the E49K mutation of KRAS. Treatment with afatinib was clinically effective as confirmed by PET-CT scans of bone metastases and by a marked decrease in the serum concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen. Afatinib was the most effective among seven EGFR-TKIs tested in inhibiting the growth of Ba/F3 cells expressing EGFR(S768I), showing an efficacy similar to that apparent with cells expressing the common EGFR mutant L858R, whereas first- and third-generation EGFR-TKIs were markedly less effective against EGFR(S768I) than against EGFR(L858R). These data suggest that EGFR-TKIs differ in their activity toward cells expressing EGFR(S768I) in vitro. Consistently, afatinib was clinically effective for the treatment of NSCLC harboring G719C and S768I mutations of EGFR. Further studies are warranted to determine the most appropriate EGFR-TKI for treatment of NSCLC harboring uncommon EGFR mutations.
Signal processing techniques for heterodyne differential absorption lidar (2007)

Different methods of energy estimation for a differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system at NASA Langley Research Center in Virginia are investigated in this paper. The system is a 2- &mgr;m wavelength coherent Doppler lidar called VALIDAR that has been traditionally used for measuring wind. Recent advances in laser wavelength control have allowed the new use of this lidar for measuring atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration by a DIAL technique. In order to realize accurate DIAL measurements, optimal signal processing techniques are required to represent the energy of the heterodyned backscatter signals. The noise energy was estimated by minimizing the mean square error in its estimate and was used to normalize its adverse influence on accurate estimation of the concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere. The impact of different methods on the statistics of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration measurements is compared.
Nucleotide Sequences of Three Chalcone Reductase Genes from Alfalfa (1995)

An important reaction in the biosynthesis of many phytoalexins in leguminous plants is the formation of 4,2',4'trihydroxychalcone from 4-coumaroyl-COA and malonyl-COA, first demonstrated by Ayabe et al. (1988). They showed also that the two enzymes are induced coordinately after treatment of the cell cultures with elicitor-type molecules. Moreover, This reductase can play a fundamental role in planta in the balancing of the production of 5-deoxyflavonoids or 5-hydroxyflavonoids, the synthesis of which depends on the co-action of CHS and CHR or on CHS alone, respectively. Despite this pivotal role and except for the pioneering work already cited, the CHR has not been extensively studied, either at the enzymatic or gene expression levels.
Inhibition of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Superfamily by a <i>Yersinia</i> Effector (1999)

The bacterial pathogen Yersinia uses a type III secretion system to inject several virulence factors into target cells. One of the Yersinia virulence factors, YopJ, was shown to bind directly to the superfamily of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinases (MKKs) blocking both phosphorylation and subsequent activation of the MKKs. These results explain the diverse activities of YopJ in inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, p38, and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways, preventing cytokine synthesis and promoting apoptosis. YopJ-related proteins that are found in a number of bacterial pathogens of animals and plants may function to block MKKs so that host signaling responses can be modulated upon infection.
Autoencoder-Combined Generative Adversarial Networks for Synthetic Image Data Generation and Detection of Jellyfish Swarm (2018)

Image-based sensing of jellyfish is important as they can cause great damage to the fisheries and seaside facilities and need to be properly controlled. In this paper, we present a deep-learning-based technique to generate a synthetic image of the jellyfish easily with autoencoder-combined generative adversarial networks. The proposed system can easily generate simple images with a smaller number of data sets compared with other generative networks. The generated output showed high similarity with the real-image data set. The application using a fully convolutional network and regression network to estimate the size of the jellyfish swarm was also demonstrated, and showed high accuracy during the estimation test.
Wavelet transform for directional feature extraction in medical imaging (2002)

Directional features are extremely important in diagnostic imaging. They can be used either in the searching for important indications of abnormality or for the reference in image alignment. The wavelet transform (WT) as an efficient method for multiresolution representation has been used extensively in medical imaging. However, from the view point of directional selectivity it is not so efficient in feature extraction. In this paper, an analysis and comparison of directional selectivity of wavelet transforms with three different frequency decompositions were undertaken. WTs with radial-angular decomposition were used for two medical imaging problems: mass detection in digital mammography and lung nodule detection in chest radiography. The results demonstrated its efficiency.
Modulation of C3a Activity: Internalization of the Human C3a Receptor and its Inhibition by C5a (1999)

The C3a receptor (C3aR) is expressed on most human peripheral blood leukocytes with the exception of resting lymphocytes, implying a much higher pathophysiological relevance of the anaphylatoxin C3a as a proinflammatory mediator than previously thought. The response to this complement split product must be tightly regulated in situations with sustained complement activation to avoid deleterious effects caused by overactivated inflammatory cells. Receptor internalization, an important control mechanism described for G protein-coupled receptors, was investigated. Using rabbit polyclonal anti-serum directed against the C3aR second extracellular loop, a flow cytometry-based receptor internalization assay was developed. Within minutes of C3a addition to human granulocytes, C3aR almost completely disappeared from the cell surface. C3aR internalization could also be induced by PMA, an activator of protein kinase C. Similarly, monocytes, the human mast cell line HMC-1, and differentiated monocyte/macrophage-like U937-cells exhibited rapid agonist-dependent receptor internalization. Neither C5a nor FMLP stimulated any cross-internalization of the C3aR. On the contrary, costimulation of granulocytes with C5a, but not FMLP, drastically decreased C3aR internalization. This effect could be blocked by a C5aR-neutralizing mAb. HEK293-cells transfected with the C3aR, with or without Galpha16, a pertussis toxin-resistant G protein alpha subunit required for C3aR signal transduction in these cells, did not exhibit agonist-dependent C3aR internalization. Additionally, preincubation with pertussis toxin had no effect on C3a-induced internalization on PMNs. C3aR internalization is a rapid negative control mechanism and is influenced by the C5aR pathway.
Analysis of the Intraventricular Electrogram for Differentiation of Distinct Monomorphic Ventricular Arrhythmias (1997)

This study investigated the effectiveness of correlation waveform analysis for identifying different ventricular electrogram morphologies of multiple VTs in the same patient. Patients with implantable antitachycardia devices are commonly subject to the occurrence of more than one distinct monomorphic VT. Each of these VTs may have unique therapeutic alternatives for termination. VTs with identical and different monomorphic configurations were recorded (1-500 Hz) using distal bipolar (1 cm) and distal unipolar electrograms from the right ventricular apex. Thirty-six distinct monomorphic VTs induced in 15 patients were analyzed. Nine VTs with identical morphologies (12/12 surface ECGs) were induced twice and used as a control. A template was created for each VT induced. Correlation waveform analysis was used to compare each depolarization of all other VTs induced subsequently in the same patient. The mean correlation coefficient (p mu) of cycle-by-cycle analysis was used as a discriminant function: p mu > or = 0.95 was considered matched; and p mu < 0.95 was considered distinct. From the control population, VTs were successfully classified as identical in 9 of 9 cases (100%) using both bipolar and unipolar electrograms. VTs with different monomorphic configurations were successfully classified as being different in 31 of 33 cases (94%) using bipolar electrogram analysis and in 29 of 33 cases (88%) using the unipolar. Template matching is effective for detecting: (1) the recurrence of VTs, which are identical; and (2) the occurrence of a VT with a different configuration. This method appears effective using either unipolar or bipolar intracardiac waveforms.
An Actin Monomer Binding Activity Localizes to the Carboxyl-terminal Half of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cyclase-associated Protein (1995)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae adenylyl cyclase complex contains at least two subunits, a 200-kDa catalytic subunit and a 70-kDa cyclase-associated protein, CAP (also called Srv2p). Genetic studies suggested two roles for CAP, one as a positive regulator of cAMP levels in yeast and a second role as a cytoskeletal regulator. We present evidence showing that CAP sequesters monomeric actin (Kd in the range of 0.5-5 microM), decreasing actin incorporation into actin filaments. Anti-CAP monoclonal antibodies co-immunoprecipitate a protein with a molecular size of about 46 kDa. When CAP was purified from yeast using an anti-CAP monoclonal antibody column, the 46-kDa protein co-purified with a stoichiometry of about 1:1 with CAP. Western blots identified the 46-kDa protein as yeast actin. CAP also bound to muscle actin in vitro in immunoprecipitation assays and falling ball viscometry assays. Experiments with pyrene-labeled actin demonstrated that CAP sequesters actin monomers. The actin monomer binding activity is localized to the carboxyl-terminal half of CAP. Together, these data suggest that yeast CAP regulates the yeast cytoskeleton by sequestering actin monomers.
Travelling-wave photodetectors (2002)

Attention to the microwave design of waveguide photodetectors leads to travelling-wave photodetectors. These devices show bandwidths as high as 172 GHz, the highest reported for a p-i-n photodetector, and bandwidth efficiency products as large as 76 GHz, the largest reported for any photodetector without gain. Direct comparisons with vertically illuminated and waveguide photodetectors confirm the advantages of travelling-wave photodetectors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel<i>TGM1</i>mutation, leading to multiple splicing rearrangements, is associated with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (2015)

Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a group of rare, clinically heterogeneous skin disorders that affect cornification. ARCI includes lamellar ichthyosis, congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma and harlequin ichthyosis. TGM1 mutations cause > 50% of ARCI cases in the USA. We report two siblings with ARCI. They were found to carry a novel aetiological TGM1 mutation, which leads to the synthesis of multiple abnormal transcripts. These molecules resulted from three independent mechanisms: intron retention, exon skipping and activation of expand cryptic splice sites. Taken together, our findings expand the known TGM1 mutation repertoire, and provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms leading to ARCI phenotypes. These results could be useful for genetic counselling and future potential genotype-phenotype correlations.
Phosphorylation-Dependent 14-3-3 Binding to LRRK2 Is Impaired by Common Mutations of Familial Parkinson's Disease (2011)

LRRK2 is extensively phosphorylated in vivo, and the phosphorylation of specific sites (e.g. S935) determines 14-3-3 binding of LRRK2. We propose that 14-3-3 is an important regulator of LRRK2-mediated cellular functions. Our study suggests that PKA, a cAMP-dependent kinase involved in regulating dopamine physiology, is a potential upstream kinase that phosphorylates LRRK2 at S935. Furthermore, the reduction of phosphorylation/14-3-3 binding of LRRK2 due to the common familial PD-related mutations provides novel insight into the pathogenic mechanism of LRRK2-linked PD.
Patterns of Mammography Use among Hispanic, American Indian, and Non-Hispanic White Women in New Mexico, 1994-1997 (2000)

For screening efforts to maximally reduce mortality in the general population, a large proportion of women need to utilize mammography routinely. To investigate utilization of mammography in a community setting, the authors used population-based data collected by the New Mexico Mammography Project for residents of the Albuquerque, New Mexico, metropolitan area for the period 1994-1997. The authors computed screening rates and the proportion of women who routinely use mammography. The utilization of mammography was low. Only 50% of the women aged 50-74 years were screened each year. Less than one third of women aged 40-49 years or 75 years and older were screened annually. The percentage of women who routinely used mammography on an annual or biennial basis was low in all age groups, especially among Hispanics and American Indians. Women aged 50-74 years had the highest percentage of routine annual mammography use, ranging from 30% in non-Hispanic Whites to 20% in Hispanics. Current utilization of mammography in community-based screening efforts is unlikely to achieve a potential 30% reduction in breast cancer mortality. Interventions are needed to increase the routine use of mammography.
The Polycomb group gene Ezh2 prevents hematopoietic stem cell exhaustion (2005)

The molecular mechanism responsible for a decline of stem cell functioning after replicative stress remains unknown. We used mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to identify genes involved in the process of cellular aging. In proliferating and senescent MEFs one of the most differentially expressed transcripts was Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), a Polycomb group protein (PcG) involved in histone methylation and deacetylation. Retroviral overexpression of Ezh2 in MEFs resulted in bypassing of the senescence program. More importantly, whereas normal HSCs were rapidly exhausted after serial transplantations, overexpression of Ezh2 completely conserved long-term repopulating potential. Animals that were reconstituted with 3 times serially transplanted control bone marrow cells all died due to hematopoietic failure. In contrast, similarly transplanted Ezh2-overexpressing stem cells restored stem cell quality to normal levels. In a "genetic genomics" screen, we identified novel putative Ezh2 target or partner stem cell genes that are associated with chromatin modification. Our data suggest that stabilization of the chromatin structure preserves HSC potential after replicative stress.
Characterization of B61, the Ligand for the Eck Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinase (1995)

B61 was originally described as a novel secreted tumor necrosis factor-alpha-inducible gene product in endothelial cells (Holzman, L. B., Marks, R. M., and Dixit, V. M. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol. 10, 5830-5838). It was recently discovered that soluble recombinant B61 could serve as a ligand for the Eck receptor protein-tyrosine kinase, a member of the Eph/Eck subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases (Bartley, T.D., Hunt, R. W., Welcher, A. A., Boyle, W. J., Parker, V. P., Lindberg, R. A., Lu, H. S., Colombero, A. M., Elliott, R. L., Guthrie, R. A., Holst, P. L., Skrine, J. D., Toso, R. J., Zhang, M., Fernandez, E., Trail, G., Yarnum, B., Yarden, Y., Hunter, T., and Fox, G. M. (1994) Nature 368, 558-560). We now show that B61 can also exist as a cell surface glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-linked protein that is capable of activating the Eck receptor protein-tyrosine kinase, the first such report of a receptor protein-tyrosine kinase ligand that is glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked. In addition, the expression patterns of B61 and Eck during mouse ontogeny were determined by in situ hybridization. Both were found to be highly expressed in the developing lung and gut, while Eck was preferentially expressed in the thymus. Finally, the gene for B61 was localized to a specific position on mouse chromosome 3 by interspecific back-cross analysis.
Fiber laser beam combining and power scaling progress: Air Force Research Laboratory Laser Division (2012)

Numerous achievements have been made recently by researchers in the areas of fiber laser beam combining and power scaling. Industry has demonstrated multi-kW power from a single fiber amplifier, and a US national laboratory has coherently combined eight fiber amplifiers totaling 4 kW. This paper will survey the recent literature and then focus on fiber laser results from the Laser Division, Directed Energy Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Progress has been made in the power scaling of narrow-linewidth fiber amplifiers, and we are transitioning lessons learned from PCF power scaling into monolithic architectures. SBS suppression has been achieved using a variety of techniques to lower the Brillioun gain, including acoustically tailored fiber, laser gain competition resulting from multitone seeding and inducing a longitudinal thermal gradient. We recently demonstrated a 32-channel coherent beam combination result using AFRL's phaselocking technique and are focused on exploring the limitations of this technique including linewidth broadening, kW-induced phase nonlinearities and auto-tuning methods for large channel counts. Additionally, we have recently refurbished our High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office-sponsored 16-amplifier fiber testbed to meet strict PER, spatial drift, power stability and beam quality requirements.
Disease-associated Mutations in Human Mannose-binding Lectin Compromise Oligomerization and Activity of the Final Protein (2004)

Deficiency of human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) caused by mutations in the coding part of the MBL2 gene is associated with increased risk and severity of infections and autoimmunity. To study the biological consequences of MBL mutations, we expressed wild type MBL and mutated MBL in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The normal MBL cDNA (WT MBL-A) was cloned, and the three known natural and two artificial variants were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. When analyzed, WT MBL-A formed covalently linked higher oligomers with a molecular mass of about 300-450 kDa, corresponding to 12-18 single chains or 4-6 structural units. By contrast, all MBL variants formed a dominant band of about 50 kDa, with increasingly weaker bands at 75, 100, and 125 kDa corresponding to two, three, four, and five chains, respectively. In contrast to WT MBL-A, variant MBL formed noncovalent oligomers containing up to six chains (two structural units). MBL variants bound ligands with a markedly reduced capacity compared with WT MBL-A. Mutations in the collagenous region of human MBL compromise assembly of higher order oligomers, resulting in reduced ligand binding capacity and thus reduced capability to activate complement.
Emergency contraception: a review of current oral options: see also p 152 (2002)

Unintended pregnancy is a major public health concern in the United States.Every year about 3.5 million unintended pregnancies occur in this country,half of which result from contraceptive failure or inadequate contraceptivetechnique.1 The useof emergency contraception (EC) in these women can reduce the number ofunintended pregnancies and consequential abortions substantially. It has beenestimated that three quarters of these situations could be avoided with theuse of EC.2

The method described by Yuzpe a quarter century ago consists of two dosesof ethinyl estradiol (100 μg) plus levonorgestrel (0.5 mg) spaced 12 hoursapart. An alternative option is two doses of ethinyl estradiol (100 μg)plus norgestrel (1 mg), spaced 12 hours apart. The Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) has approved the use of several oral contraceptives aspart of the Yuzpe regimen for EC. Despite FDA approval, the manufacturers havedeclined to submit a new drug application for this indication(table1).3,4Even though several different methods of EC are available, this reviewaddresses only oral EC medications that have an FDA-labeled indication forEC.



Table 1

Available oral emergency contraceptives