gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving the Store Environment: Do Olfactory Cues Affect Evaluations and Behaviors? (1996)

The popular press has recently reported that managers of retail and service outlets are diffusing scents into their stores to create more positive environments and develop a competitive advantage. These efforts are occurring despite there being no scholarly research supporting the use of scent in store environments. The authors present a review of theoretically relevant work from environmental psychology and olfaction research and a study examining the effects of ambient scent in a simulated retail environment. In the reported study, the authors find a difference between evaluations of and behaviors in a scented store environment and those in an unscented store environment. Their findings provide guidelines for managers of retail and service outlets concerning the benefits of scenting store environments.
Surgical Treatment of Obesity — Weighing the Facts (2009)

There has been an explosion in the number of bariatric surgical procedures performed worldwide. It is estimated that in 2005, the number of procedures performed in the United States was more than 10 times as great as the number performed in 1994, an increase from approximately 16,200 procedures to 171,000, and the number is still rising. This roaring growth has caused many observers to ask vital questions: Is bariatric surgery safe? Is it effective? Is it affordable?In the past, now outdated bariatric procedures carried unacceptably high risks. The weight loss associated with the procedures was questionable, and the long-term . . .
Motion activity-based extraction of key-frames from video shots (2003)

We describe a key-frame extraction technique based on the intuition that the higher the motion the more the number of key-frames required for summarization. We verify experimentally that the intensity of motion activity directly indicates the summarizability of the video segment, by using the MPEG-7 motion activity descriptor (see Jeannin, S. and Divakaran, A., IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Tech., vol.11, no.6, p.720-4, 2001) and the fidelity measure described by H.S. Chang et al. (see IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Tech., vol.9, no.8, p.1269-79, 1999). We obtain the key-frames by dividing the shot in parts of equal cumulative motion activity, and then selecting the frame located at the half-way point of each sub-segment. Furthermore, we establish an empirical relationship between the motion activity of a segment and the required number of key-frames. We thus provide a unique and rapid way to find the required number of key-frames and compute them. Our scheme is much faster than conventional color-based key-frame extraction schemes since it relies on simple computation and compressed domain extraction. It is close to the theoretical optimum in accuracy.
On proof-test intervals for safety functions implemented in software (2007)

Given a target probability of functional failure on demand for a system, a corresponding dangerous failure rate for the system can be derived, provided that a proof-test interval for the function is known. IEC 61508, and related standards, requires that this calculation be performed, for certain kinds of systems that are required to provide safety functionality on demand. This paper explains why it is necessary to consider what constitutes a proof-test interval for a function, and then considers what this means for software. We show that there are several problems with the proof-test concept, as applied to software, and describe the problems this presents to practitioners wanting to derive safety integrity levels for system safety functions.
Diabetes mellitus and oral health (2012)

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by abnormal secretion and metabolic action of insulin. Hyperglycemia, the key feature of this endocrine disorder causes multisystem damage leading to untoward effects in various tissues collectively referred to as Diabetic complications. Diabetes alters the oral health to a great extent. Indeed, periodontitis has been reported as the sixth complication of this disease. This article gives an overview of the oral effects of diabetes with an emphasis on periodontal disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disorders and pre-term birth. Dental considerations for management of these patients and recent advances in the dental field with respect to diabetes are also highlighted.
The Mechanism of ICI 164,384 Antiestrogenieity Involves Rapid Loss of Estrogen Receptor in Uterine Tissue (1991)

The antiestrogen ICI 164,384 (ICI) binds the estrogen receptor (ER) with approximately 20% the affinity of estradiol, but without the partial agonistic effects caused by tamoxifen. Investigations into the mechanism of ICI action have used ER molecules expressed in vitro to examine the binding of ER to ICI and the capacity of ICI-ER complexes to dimerize and bind to the estrogen response element (ERE). Our objectives were to study the biological effects, cellular distribution, and ERE-binding capacity of native uterine ICI-ER complexes after ip injection of 1 mg/kg ICI into 10-day castrate adult female mice. Synthesis of DNA and progesterone receptor were measured as end points of agonistic activity. ICI failed to stimulate either DNA or progesterone receptor synthesis above control levels, and pretreatment with ICI for 0.5 h reduced the stimulatory effect of estradiol by 75%. Measurement of uterine nuclear ER and cytosolic levels by exchange binding assay indicated a reduction in total ER levels within 0.5 h after ICI treatment, which remained below 20% for 24 h. Cycloheximide treatment did not block the ICI effect. Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and steroid autoradiography confirmed the loss of ER protein. The ICI effect on ER was also demonstrable in vitro in the mouse TM4 estrogen-responsive cell line. ICI dramatically reduced ER levels to 5% of the control value by 4 h. Northern analysis indicated that ICI did not affect ER message levels, suggesting that the observed reduction in ER did not occur at the level of transcription. Gel shift assays indicated a low, but detectable, amount of ICI-ER binding to the vitellogenin A2 (VitA2) ERE. These results suggest that, although the ICI-ER complex binds weakly to DNA, ICI may cause its antagonistic effect by producing a rapid disappearance of the ER from the target tissue, resulting in an insufficient amount of ER to bind the native ligand and elicit agonist responses.
A Novel Copper Chelate Modulates Tumor Associated Macrophages to Promote Anti-Tumor Response of T Cells (2009)

Our results show the potential usefulness of CuNG in immunotherapy of drug-resistant cancers through reprogramming of TAMs that in turn reprogram the T cells and reeducate the T helper function to elicit proper anti-tumorogenic Th1 response leading to effective reduction in tumor growth.
Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction, 5 Edition (2009)

The author team, expanded for the fifth edition, brings unparalleled industry and academic experience, enhancing the book's usefulness in informing readers, clarifying opportunities, and inspiring excellence. Maxine Cohen and Steven Jacobs were contributing authors, who enabled us to provide: Expanded coverage of social media & social networking Figure 1: Cover for Designing the User Interface, 5 edition
Bioinspired Self‐Cleaning Antireflection Coatings (2008)

Subwavelength-structured silicon and glass pillar arrays that mimic both the unique functionalities of antireflective moth eyes and superhydrophobic cicada wings have been fabricated by a simple and scalable colloidal templating technique. The resulting biomimetic multifunctional coatings have important technological applications ranging from solar cells to flat panel displays.
University of Sheffield TREC-8 Q & A System (1999)

The system entered by the University of Sheffield in the question answering track of TREC-8 is the result of coupling two existing technologies - information retrieval (IR) and information extraction (IE). In essence the approach is this: the IR system treats the question as a query and returns a set of top ranked documents or passages; the IE system uses NLP techniques to parse the question, analyse the top ranked documents or passages returned by the IR system, and instantiate a query variable in the semantic representation of the question against the semantic representation of the analysed documents or passages. Thus, while the IE system by no means attempts “full text understanding, this approach is a relatively deep approach which attempts to work with meaning representations.
Since the information retrieval systems we used were not our own (AT&T and UMass) and were used more or less “off the shelf, this paper concentrates on describing the modifications made to our existing information extraction system to allow it to participate in the Q & A task.
<title>Impact of varying concentrations of nanometer-sized particles in a bidisperse magnetorheological fluid</title> (2003)

Conventional magnetorheological fluids are suspensions of micron sized particles in a hydraulic or silicone oil medium. Recently, research has been conducted into the advantages of using bidisperse fluids, which is a mixture of two different powder sizes in the MR suspension. The MR fluids investigated here use a mixture of conventional micron sized particles and nanometer sized particles. The settling rate of such bidisperse fluids using nanometer sizes particles is reduced because of thermal convection and Van der Waals experienced by the nanometer sized particles compete favorably with gravitational forces. This reduction in the settling rate comes at a cost of a reduction in the maximum yield stress that can be manisfested by such an MR fluid. There is a measurable and predictable variation in rheological properties as the weight percent of the nanometer sized particles is increased, relative to the weight percent of micron sized particles, while maintaining the solids loading in the MR fluid as a constant. In this context, this study investigates the effect of varying the weight percent of nanometer sized particles on rheological characteristics such as yield stress and postyield viscosity. The goal of this study is to find an optimal composition of the bidisperse fluid to obtain best combination of high yield stress and low settling rates based on empirical measurements. The applicability of rheological models, such as the Bingham-plastic and the Hershel Buckley models, to the measured flow curves of these MR fluids is also presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Chiral Diphosphine Ligand (BisbenzodioxanPhos) and Its Application in Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Study by mutagenesis of the roles of two aromatic clusters of alpha-lactalbumin in aspects of its action in the lactose synthase system. (1994)

A new system for the bacterial expression of a variant of bovine alpha-lactalbumin has been developed. Eighteen mutant proteins containing single site substitutions in a cluster of predominantly aromatic residues adjacent to the cleft (aromatic cluster I) and in the hydrophobic box were expressed. The proteins were extracted from inclusion bodies and treated to generate native folding and disulfide bonds to provide appropriately folded protein samples for nine of the mutants. These were characterized with respect to kinetic parameters reflecting aspects of alpha-lactalbumin activity in modulating the specificity of bovine galactosyltransferase. In aromatic cluster I, changes at tryptophan 118 or glutamine 117 were found to specifically reduce affinity for galactosyltransferase, whereas substitutions for phenylalanine 31 or histidine 32 have major effects on the ability to promote glucose binding (13-200-fold) and lesser effects on galactosyltransferase affinity (1.5-70-fold). Substitutions in the hydrophobic box were found to affect folding rather than activity. Thus, the binding of alpha-lactalbumin to galactosyltransferase and its ability to promote glucose binding can be separately perturbed and are associated with distinct but adjacent structures. Aromatic cluster I is directly involved in activity whereas the hydrophobic box appears to have a structural rather than functional role.
Neural networks for the analysis and forecasting of advertising and promotion impact (1998)

Allocating advertising expenses and forecasting total sales levels are the key issues in retailing, especially when many products are covered and significant cross-effects among products are likely. Various statistical and econometric methods could be applied for such analyses. We explore how well neural networks can be used in analyzing the effects of advertising and promotion on sales in this article. The results reveal that the predictive quality of neural networks depends on the different frequency of data observed, i.e. daily or weekly data models, and the specific learning algorithms used. The study also shows that neural networks are capable of capturing the nonlinear aspects of complex relationships in non-stationary data. By performing sensitivity analysis, neural networks can potentially single out important input variables, thereby making it useful for scenario development and practical use. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Hydrazine Sulfate in Terminal and Preterminal Cancer Patients: Results of Investigational New Drug (IND) Study in 84 Evaluable Patients (1975)

In a series of 84 various evaluable disseminated cancer patients treated with hydrazine sulfate as a result of a pharmaceutical-sponsored investigational new drug (IND) study, it was found that 59/84 or 70% of the cases improved subjectively and 14/84 or 17% improved objectively. Subjective responses included increased appetite with either weight gain or cessation of weight loss, increase in strength and improved performance status and decrease in pain. Objective responses included measurable tumor regression, disappearance of or decrease in neoplastic-associated disorders and long-term (over 1 year) 'stabilized condition'. Of the overall 59 subjective improvements 25 (42%) had no concurrent or prior (within 3 months) anticancer therapy of any type. Of the 14 objective improvements 7 (50%) had no concurrent or prior anticancer therapy. Of the remaining cases in which there was either concurrent or prior anticancer therapy, improvements occurred only after the addition of hydrazine sulfate to the treatment regimen. Duration of improvement was variable, from temporary to long-term and continuing. Side effects were mild, comprising for the most part low incidences of extremity paresthesias, nausea, pruritus and drowsiness; there was no indication of bone marrow depression.
Da construção de uma escola democrática: a experiência da Emef Amorim Lima (2008)

O presente texto versa sobre os limites e as possibilidades concretas de uma educação que se pretenda democrática. Para tanto, tematiza inicialmente a necessária diferenciação entre os âmbitos político e social do ideário democrático, para, em seguida, propor a discussão das exigências do processo de democratização escolar, o que pressupõe patamares distintos e complementares. Posteriormente, apresenta um exemplo concreto de uma escola democrática: a Escola da Ponte, em Portugal, para, enfim, debruçar-se sobre uma experiência de reordenação, com ênfase nitidamente democratizante, de uma escola pública municipal de São Paulo.
Modified inset fed microstrip patch antenna (2002)

In this paper, we present modified feeding structure in the inset fed patch antenna to further improve its performance. Modified feeding technique is same as gap coupling in the patch antenna. The C-band prototype antenna measures higher S/sub 11/ (-21 dB) and lower cross polarization level (-18 dB) than the original inset fed patch antenna and then other measured results of C-band prototype antenna are similar to inset fed patch antenna. The performances have been confirmed by both FDTD simulations and measurements.
AtAMT1 gene expression and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> uptake in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana: evidence for regulation by root glutamine levels (1999)

The mechanisms involved in regulating high-affinity ammonium (NH4+) uptake and the expression of the AtAMT1 gene encoding a putative high-affinity NH4+ transporter were investigated in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Under conditions of steady-state nitrogen (N) supply, transcript levels of the AtAMT1 gene and Vmax values for high-affinity 13NH4+ influx were inversely correlated with levels of N provision. Following re-supply of NH4NO3 to N-starved plants, AtAMT1 mRNA levels and 13NH4+ influx declined rapidly but remained high when the conversion of NH4+ to glutamine (Gln) was blocked with methionine sulfoximine (MSX). This result demonstrates that end products of NH4+ assimilation, rather than NH4+ itself, are responsible for regulating AtAMT1 gene expression. Consistent with this hypothesis, AtAMT1 gene expression and NH4+ influx were suppressed by provision of Gln alone, or together with NH4NO3 plus MSX. Furthermore, AtAMT1 transcript levels and 13NH4+ influx were negatively correlated with root Gln concentrations, following re-supply of N to N-starved plants. In addition to this level of control, the data suggest that high cytoplasmic [NH4+] may inhibit NH4+ influx.
Using Network Knowledge to Improve Workload Performance in Virtualized Data Centers (2014)

The scale and expense of modern data centers motivates running them as efficiently as possible. This paper explores how virtualized data center performance can be improved when network traffic and topology data informs VM placement. Our practical heuristics, tested on network-heavy, scale-out workloads in an 80 server cluster, improve overall performance by up to 70% compared to random placement in a multi-tenant configuration.
Multilayer Structures For X-Ray Laser Cavities (1985)

Recent demonstrations of the generation of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) at soft x-ray wavelengths have spurred interest in normal incidence multilayer structures for use as x-ray laser (XRL) cavity mirrors. Calculations indicate that cavity mirrors can provide significant enhancement of XRL output, and drive the oscillations to the saturation limit. Novel ideas for cavity output coupling may expand the versatility of XRL devices, while encouraging the marriage of lithographic and multilayer technologies to the general benefit of x-ray optics. Preliminary tests of a double pass cavity have already been conducted. These tests point out the importance of detailed cavity design issues, such as precision mirror alignment, mirror damage dynamics, and detailed mirror calibration to the future success of this field.
Fabrication of quantum devices by Ångström-level manipulation of nanoparticles with an atomic force microscope (1998)

We describe a technique for the fabrication of lateral nanometer-scale devices, in which individual metallic nanoparticles are imaged, selected and manipulated into a gap between two electrical leads with the tip of an atomic force microscope. In situ, real-time monitoring of the device characteristics is used to control the positions of the particles down to atomic accuracy and to tune the electrical properties of the device during fabrication. Using this technique we demonstrate a nanomechanical switch as well as atomic-scale contacts that are stable at quantized conductance levels on the time scale of hours at room temperature.
Not-so-large MIMO signal detection based on damped QR-decomposed belief propagation (2016)

In this paper, signal detection based on QR-decomposed belief propagation (QR-BP) in combination with message damping for not-so-large multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems where the number of antennas is around ten. Bit error rate (BER) performance of belief propagation (BP) based detection cannot approach to that of maximum likelihood detection (MLD) since factor graphs defined by typical MIMO channels are fully-connected, namely heavily loopy. Although it is known that QR-BP can achieve near-optimal performance by transforming factor graphs into those with less edges, exponential computational complexity is still necessary. Hence, we investigate complexity reduction of QR-BP applying partial marginalization (PM) which enables to achieve a good tradeoff between computational complexity and performance. Furthermore, we introduce a message damping to QR-PM-BP to further reduce the complexity. Numerical results confirm that QR-PM-BP with message damping can achieve near-optimal performance with feasible complexity.
Passive Filters—Potentialities and Limitations (2004)

New topologies for harmonic mitigation and active filters have come a long way, and these address the line-harmonic control at the source. These mitigate some of the disadvantages of passive filters, however, for nonlinear loads above 1 MW the passive filters are an economical choice. This paper discusses two types of filters: band pass filters and damped filters, which are commonly applied. The operation of these filters is described with respect to the design and system limitations. The operating constraints are then superimposed. The development of this approach shows that there are design limitations and large system changes or modifications can result in higher distortion or even damage to filters in extreme cases. The constraints and limitations that a designer faces in implementing an effective filter design with modern tools of harmonic analysis, measurements, and system analysis are discussed. The paper shows that in most distribution systems it is practical and economical to implement passive filter designs, provided the required safeguards are considered.
XML Information Retrieval (2009)

Nowadays, increasingly, documents are marked-up using eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML), the format standard for structured documents. In contrast to HTML, which is mainly layout-oriented, XML follows the fundamental concept of separating the logical structure of a document from its layout. This document logical structure can be exploited to allow a focused access to documents, where the aim is to return the most relevant fragments within documents as answers to queries, instead of whole documents. This entry describes approaches developed to query, represent, and rank XML fragments.
Gross Hematuria Following the Use of Dicoumarol (1947)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Feb 1947Gross Hematuria Following the Use of Dicoumarol Charles M. Nelson, and T.B. Washington Charles M. NelsonCharles M. Nelson More articles by this author , and T.B. WashingtonT.B. Washington More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)69646-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1947 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 57Issue 2February 1947Page: 396-399 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1947 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Charles M. Nelson More articles by this author T.B. Washington More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
New Insights on Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors as Targets for Pain and Inflammation: A Focus on α7 nAChRs (2018)

This review provides the reader recent insights on α7 nAChRs from structure and function to the latest findings on the pharmacology and therapeutic targeting of these receptors for the treatment of pain and inflammation.