gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyzwitterionic brushes: Extreme lubrication by design (2010)

Polymers offer the advantage that they may independently combine desirable supramolecular structure with useful local monomeric properties to yield optimal performance of different tasks. Here we utilise the remarkable lubricating properties both of dense polymer brushes, and of hydration sheaths about charges via the emerging paradigm of hydration lubrication, to design a grafted-from polyzwitterionic brush system, where each of the monomers has a structure similar to the highly-hydrated phosphorylcholine headgroups of phosphatidylcholine lipids. Such polyzwitterions are grown from a macroinitiator coating the substrate (mica) surface using atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) of 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) to form exceptionally robust poly(MPC) brushes. We have characterized these brush layers via X-ray reflectometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface forces measurements and atomic force microscopy. Such brushes, designed to optimise their lubrication properties, are indeed found to provide state of the art boundary lubrication, achieving friction coefficients as low as 0.0004 at pressures up to 75 atmospheres over a wide range of sliding velocities. Such low friction is comparable with that of articular cartilage in healthy mammalian joints, which represents nature’s benchmark for boundary lubrication in living organisms, and suggests that hydration lubrication plays a major role in reducing friction in biological systems.
Electrical Manipulation of Supported Lipid Membranes by Embedded Electrodes (2008)

Alkanethiol modified gold electrodes patterned over a silica surface provided a dual hydrophobic/hydrophilic surface suitable for phospholipid monolayer and bilayer formation over the alkylated gold and glass surfaces, respectively. The phospholipid monolayer and bilayer were connected, allowing free diffusion of lipids within both leaflets of the glass-supported bilayer over the alkanethiol/gold-to-glass interface. Application of large alternating current fields to these electrodes irreversibly switched the gold electrodes to diffusion barriers. Enclosure of the electrode devices within protein barriers revealed a resting state surface potential driven reorganization of the charged fluorescent probes. Application of lower magnitude direct current fields resulted in electrophoretic redistribution of the membrane probes and electro-osmotic reorganization of membrane associated proteins.
Multiple Horner-Emmons cyclizations as a route to nonbenzenoid aromatics. Synthesis of polycyclic dodecalenes (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple Horner-Emmons cyclizations as a route to nonbenzenoid aromatics. Synthesis of polycyclic dodecalenesIsrael Agranat, Mordecai Rabinovitz, and Wu-Chang ShawCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 12, 1936–1941Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01326a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views559Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (855 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A novel method for measuring polarization-mode dispersion using four-wave mixing (1999)

A method for measuring polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) on fiber links using four-wave mixing (FWM) generation is presented. This method uses a probe signal to analyze the signal polarization state via FWM generation. The FWM power transfer function is derived in terms of the Stokes parameters, and is validated using both simulated and experimental results. Based on this transfer function, PMD measurements are presented that agree well with the actual PMD values. Compared to the traditional frequency-domain methods, this new method does not require a motionless condition for the measurement apparatus.
Activation of masseter muscles with inspiratory resistance loading (1989)

Closure of the jaw exerts traction on muscles that insert on the hyoid bone and that may stabilize or expand the pharyngeal airway. We postulated that the masseter muscles, which close the jaw, would be activated when the patency of the pharyngeal airway is threatened. We therefore measured electromyographic activation of the masseters during inspiratory resistance loading and compared it with activation of chin muscles and alae nasi in 10 normal subjects. We observed no masseter activation during quiet unloaded breathing, but as pharyngeal pressure became lower there was a significant increase in masseter activation in all subjects. The change in masseter activation relative to pharyngeal pressure was similar to that of chin muscles and alae nasi. Activation of the masseter preceded the fall in pharyngeal pressure as also occurred in the chin muscles and alae nasi. We conclude that the masseters are activated by inspiratory resistance loading and have respiratory activity similar to pharyngeal airway muscles.
Thermodynamical Study on Reduction of Energy-Stored Iron Ore Powder (2007)

Energy storing mechanism and thermodynamics of reduction of mechanically milled iron ore powder were studied.Particle size of ore powder can not be refined infinitely by milling,but its microcosmic crystallines can be refined gradually until amorphous structure is formed.The stored energy of iron ore consists of surface energy,crystal boundary energy and dislocation energy,with crystal boundary energy as the major component,and contribution of surface energy is small.The equilibrium content of CO or H2 for reducing energy stored magnetite and wustite is decreased,so it is advantageous to improve gas efficiency,reduce reduction temperature of energy stored iron ore by coal.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor ameliorates lipid metabolism in diabetic mice (2002)

Taken together with the accelerating effect of BDNF on energy metabolism, these findings indicate that BDNF improves glucose and lipid metabolism in obese diabetic animals without enlarging liver or adipose tissues.
Oligonucleotide probes complementary to 16S rRNA for rapid detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures (1993)

Mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures is a menace to diagnostic and research procedures. Rapid and reliable detection methods are, therefore, sorely needed. After comparing 16S rRNA sequences from those mycoplasmas that contaminate cell cultures, three different oligonucleotide probes were constructed. Two of these probes were designed to be group-specific and one to be species-specific. The three oligonucleotide probes were designed to cover all mycoplasmas commonly isolated from cell cultures. Contaminated cell lines could easily be detected by a direct filter hybridization assay in which the probes were incubated jointly. The assay proved to be rapid and sensitive with the possibility to perform and evaluate the mycoplasma testing within one working day.
ChemInform Abstract: NITRATION, AMINATION, AND HALOGENATION OF DI‐O‐METHYLPHLORACETOPHENONE (1982)

Abstract Chlorierung, Nitrierung und Aminierung der Titelverbindung (Ia) in 3‐Stellung führen zu den Produkten (IIIa), (IVa) bzw. über (Ib) und (IVb) zu (VIIIa) (das instabil ist und als Hydrochlorid isoliert wird).
Aminophenyl-2-pentoxazolines (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAminophenyl-2-pentoxazolinesA. Novelli and Roger AdamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 11, 2259–2260Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1937https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01290a043RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (196 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Smart network caches: localized content and application-negotiated recovery mechanisms for multicast media distribution (1998)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Media Arts & Sciences, 1998.
Shielding theory and practice (2003)

A cursory look is taken at the constraints and conditions consistent with Maxwell's laws and equations and Maxwell's laws using Schelkunoff's recommended approximation (i.e. using the analogy between conducted waves and radiated waves). The value of the shielding quality of metallic materials developed using Kirchhoff's laws and circuit theory are fully documented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intraperitoneal immunization with oligomannose‐coated liposome‐entrapped soluble leishmanial antigen induces antigen‐specific T‐helper type immune response in BALB/c mice through uptake by peritoneal macrophages (2007)

The present study demonstrates that the intraperitoneal administration of soluble leishmanial antigen (SLA) entrapped in liposomes coated with neoglycolipids containing oligomannose residues (mannopentaose or mannotriose) strongly induces an antigen-specific T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune response in BALB/c mice. In response to in vitro stimulation with SLA, spleen cells from mice that had received oligomannose-coated liposomes encasing SLA (SLA-OML) displayed greater interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 production and lower IL-4 and IL-5 production than spleen cells from mice that had received SLA alone, indicating that the SLA-specific Th1 immune response had predominantly been induced in the mice that had received SLA-OML. After subsequent infection with Leishmania major, mice that had received SLA-OML were effectively protected against the disease, with a predominant production of IFN-gamma. OML were preferentially and rapidly incorporated into peritoneal macrophages, and the transplantation of macrophages containing SLA-OML into the peritoneal cavity also induced protection against L. major infection. Thus, SLA-OML were shown to successfully induce a specific Th1 immune response capable of controlling L. major infection in BALB/c mice through the effective uptake of OML by peritoneal macrophages.
<i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric Hindered “Sandwich” Chiral<i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors and Their Transition Metal Complexes: Expedient Syntheses, Structural Authentication, and Catalytic Properties (2018)

We present here a new family of C2-symmetric “sandwich” NHC ligands abbreviated as SITLAr and BzITLAr and their complexes. The chiral fragments incorporate bulky yet flexible cyclohexyl groups with α-stereocenters joined to nitrogens individually, which set up chiral pockets around pivotal carbene carbons (less than 2.5 Å). Full characterization revealed unique structures with roughly parallel aryl moieties above and below imidazoline and benzimidazole planes in the Z-shaped arrangement. Extra hydrogen bonding interactions and steric stress between the square-planar frameworks and aryl groups led to the exceptional confinement and reversed the configurations in the iridium complexes. In accordance with Tolman’s electronic parameters and topographic steric maps of well-established metalated complexes, these new ligands possess strong electron-donating properties and exceptionally steric demands. Additionally, the preliminary results employing the BzITLAr ligands allowed appropriate activities and provided potential applications for asymmetric induction in the enantioselective aryl transfer and hydrosilylation reactions with moderate enantioselectivity.
Reducing Asset Substitution with Warrant and Convertible Debt Issue (2001)

The conflict between shareholders and bondholders in a levered firm over the choice of the risk level for firm assets is well-known. The original contingent claims approach to this issue had the firm reaching a critical point at the bond maturity date, similar to what happens at expiration of an option. In that model, equity is shown to be like a call option on the value of the firm. But the reality is that firms are continuously monitored by investors, customers and employees, and may potentially experience financial distress if the value of its assets Falls too low at any point in time. In this article, Chesney and Gibson present an alternative contingent claims analysis, in which equity is modeled as a down and out call, with an outstrike equal to the asset level that would precipitate distress. In this revised framework, they are able to study how the use of convertible debt, or debt with attached warrants, in place of straight debt affects the problem of volatility choice, and may perhaps eliminate the conflict of interest entirely.
Pharmacodynamic analysis of tumour perfusion assessed by 15O-water-PET imaging during treatment with sunitinib malate in patients with advanced malignancies (2012)

Administering sunitinib to patients with advanced malignancies is associated with early biological responses, including decreased blood flow in secondary tumour deposits.
The effect of dislocation loops on the light emission of silicon LEDs (2005)

Recently, different and apparently contradicting results were published regarding the influence of crystal defects on the light emission efficiency of silicon LEDs at room temperature (Wai Lek Ng). In this paper we report our results on light emission of silicon p/sup +/n diodes with various defect engineering approaches. The p/sup +/ region was formed either by ion implantation or by diffusion; and optionally, additional lattice damage was created by silicon ion implantation. The experiments clearly indicate that lattice defects have a detrimental effect on light emission, contrary to the results published in recent years.
Algorithms for detailed placement of standard cells (1998)

The state-of-the-art methods for the placement of large-scale standard cell designs work in a top-down fashion. After some iterations, where more and more detailed placement information is obtained, a final procedure for finding a legal placement is needed. This paper presents a new method for this final task, based on efficient algorithms from combinatorial optimization.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (2003)

The therapeutic approach to the patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) currently evolves toward new frontiers. This is particularly apparent from the entree of high-throughput diagnostic technologies and the identification of prognostic and therapeutic targets, the introduction of therapies in genetically defined subgroups of AML, as well as the influx of investigational approaches and novel drugs into the pipeline of clinical trials that target pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. In Section I, Dr. Bob Löwenberg reviews current issues in the clinical practice of the management of adults with AML, including those of older age. Dr. Löwenberg describes upcoming possibilities for predicting prognosis in defined subsets by molecular markers and reviews experimental strategies to improve remission induction and postinduction treatment. In Section II, Dr. James Griffin reviews the mechanisms that lead to activation of tyrosine kinases by mutations in AML, the consequences of that activation for the cell, and the opportunities for targeted therapy and discusses some examples of developing novel drugs (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and their effectiveness in AML (FLT3). In Section III, Dr. Martin Tallman describes the evaluation and management of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia, a notable example of therapeutic progress in a molecularly defined entity of leukemia. Dr. Tallman focuses on the molecular genetics of APL, current curative treatment strategies and approaches for patients with relapsed and refractory disease. In addition, areas of controversy regarding treatment are addressed.
Chitosan as a Lipid Binder: A Langmuir Monolayer Study of Chitosan−Lipid Interactions (2007)

Owing to its distinct chemico-biological properties, chitosan, a cationic biopolymer, offers a great potential in multifarious bioapplications. One such application is as a dietary antilipidemic supplement to be used to reduce obesity/overweight and to lower cholesterol. The lipid-binding efficiency of chitosan, however, remains debatable. Accordingly, in this study we investigated the interactions of chitosan with selected lipids, cholesterol and fatty acids, the latter including saturated (stearic acid) and unsaturated (oleic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic) acids. The experiments were performed with the Langmuir monolayer technique, in which surface pressure-area isotherms were recorded for the lipid monolayers spread on the acetate buffer pH 4.0 subphase in the absence and presence of chitosan. We found that the presence of chitosan in the subphase strongly influenced the shape and location of the isotherms, proving that there existed attractions between chitosan and lipid molecules. The attractions were revealed by changes of the molecular organization of the monolayers. The common feature of these changes was that all the monolayers studied underwent expansion, in each case reaching saturation with increasing chitosan concentration. In agreement with the lipid molecular structures, the highest expansions were observed for the most unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic and alpha-linolenic, the lowest for stearic acid, with oleic acid and cholesterol being the intermediate cases. By contrast, the main distinguishing feature of these changes was that, although none of the monolayers studied changed its state when completely saturated with chitosan, compared to the parent ones the compactness of the monolayers was modified. The solid monolayers of stearic acid and cholesterol were loosened, whereas those of all the unsaturated acids, liquid in nature, were tightened. On the basis of these results we tentatively propose a mechanism of the chitosan action that includes both electrostatic and hydrophobic lipid-chitosan interactions as well as hydrogen bonding between them.
CD4+CD25+ T Cells Regulate Colonic Localization of CD4 T Cells Reactive to a Microbial Antigen (2005)

: Treg cells suppress recruitment of CD4+ T cells specific to a microbe-associated antigen to LP, which was associated with colocalization of effector CD4+ T cells and Treg cells in colonic follicles.
Effects of Weight Loss, Weight Cycling, and Weight Loss Maintenance on Diabetes Incidence and Change in Cardiometabolic Traits in the Diabetes Prevention Program (2014)

Two-year weight loss was the strongest predictor of reduced diabetes risk and improvements in cardiometabolic traits.
Maritime Halophyte Species from Southern Portugal as Sources of Bioactive Molecules (2014)

Extracts of five halophytes from southern Portugal (Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Mesembryanthemum edule, Juncus acutus, Plantago coronopus and Halimione portulacoides), were studied for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and in vitro antitumor properties. The most active extracts towards the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were the methanol extracts of M. edule (IC₅₀ = 0.1 mg/mL) and J. acutus (IC₅₀ = 0.4 mg/mL), and the ether extracts of J. acutus (IC₅₀ = 0.2 mg/mL) and A. macrostachyum (IC₅₀ = 0.3 mg/mL). The highest radical scavenging activity (RSA) against the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical was obtained in the ether extract of J. acutus (IC₅₀ = 0.4 mg/mL) and H. portulacoides (IC₅₀ = 0.9 mg/mL). The maximum total phenolic content (TPC) was found in the methanol extract of M. edule (147 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g) and in the ether extract of J. acutus (94 mg GAE/g). Significant decreases in nitric oxide (NO) production were observed after incubation of macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the chloroform extract of H. portulacoides (IC₅₀ = 109 µg/mL) and the hexane extract of P. coronopus (IC₅₀ = 98.0 µg/mL). High in vitro cytotoxic activity and selectivity was obtained with the ether extract of J. acutus. Juncunol was identified as the active compound and for the first time was shown to display selective in vitro cytotoxicity towards various human cancer cells.
Prediction of system marginal price in the UK Power Pool using neural networks (2002)

There is an increasing interest in the prediction of system marginal price (SMP) in the Power Pool since electricity industry vesting in England and Wales in 1990. The prediction of SMP improves the financial performance of an independent power producer bidding in the day-ahead market. This paper presents a successful application of using neural networks to predict SMP at each settlement period on the next scheduling day in the UK Pool. The approach does not require any individual Pool participant commercially sensitive information; the historical public SMP and other data are used to train the neural network. The result reveals that the mean absolute percent error is reasonable. The program is run on a PC. The data processing program is coded in Visual C++ with a user friendly windows interface.
Fingerprint skin moisture impact on biometric performance (2015)

Dry or wet fingers have an impact on biometric performance and the measurement of skin characteristics is important for actionable quality. We collected a ground truth fingerprint skin moisture dataset containing 6600 samples from 33 subjects using 5 optical sensors, two claimed to work well in extreme skin moisture conditions. Controlling conditions by applying cream, alcohol and water we performed objective measurements of skin moisture prior to each fingerprint capture. Analyzing the relationship between measured moisture and biometric performance across five sensors and comparison scores from 3 commercial providers confirms claims to resistance to excessive moisture. Results indicate that sensors resistant to excessive moisture perform worse on dry fingerprints than sensors not resistant to excessive moisture. The collected dataset is made available as an in-house dataset.