gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrimidines. II. Orotic Acid Analogs<sup>1,2</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrimidines. II. Orotic Acid Analogs1,2G. DOYLE DAVES Jr., FRED BAIOCCHI, ROLAND K. ROBINS, and C. C. CHENGCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 8, 2755–2763Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01066a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views802Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (968 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Normal Human Locomotion, Part 1: Basic Concepts and Terminology (1997)

Over the past several decades, the evolution of gait science has produced an array of terms and concepts relating to observational gait analysis. Prosthetists and orthotists use various forms of gait analysis on a daily basis as an important part of clinical care. When the basic principles of normal walking are understood, a more penetrating grasp of pathological gait becomes possible. The result is expanded ability to differentiate between pathological and compensatory gait deficits. In addition, efficient interaction with the clinic team demands a sound conceptual knowledge base of human locomotion and related terminology. This will facilitate an optimal treatment plan for the patient and enhance communication and prescription recommendations to the physician and relevant paying agencies. This article is intended to be an introduction to gait science with these goals and objectives in mind.
The Plant Hormone Abscisic Acid Stimulates the Proliferation of Human Hemopoietic Progenitors through the Second Messenger Cyclic ADP-Ribose (2009)

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone involved in pivotal physiological functions in higher plants, such as response to abiotic stress and control of seed dormancy and germination. Recently, ABA was demonstrated to be autocrinally produced by human granulocytes, beta pancreatic cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and to stimulate cell-specific functions through a signaling pathway involving the second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). Here we show that ABA expands human uncommitted hemopoietic progenitors (HP) in vitro, through a cADPR-mediated increase of the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). Incubation of CD34(+) cells with micromolar ABA also induces transcriptional effects, which include NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and transcription of genes encoding for several cytokines. Human MSC stimulated with a lymphocyte-conditioned medium produce and release ABA at concentrations sufficient to exert growth-stimulatory effects on co-cultured CD34(+) cells, as demonstrated by the inhibition of colony growth in the presence of an anti-ABA monoclonal antibody. These results provide a remarkable example of conservation of a stress hormone and of its second messenger from plants to humans and identify ABA as a new hemopoietic growth factor involved in the cross-talk between HP and MSC.
The synthesis of <i>N</i>-acetylneuraminic acid (1958)

Research Article| January 01 1958 The synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid J. W. Cornforth; J. W. Cornforth 1National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, N.W. 7 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. E. Firth; M. E. Firth 1National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, N.W. 7 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. Gottschalk A. Gottschalk 2Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1958) 68 (1): 57–61. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0680057 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. W. Cornforth, M. E. Firth, A. Gottschalk; The synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid. Biochem J 1 January 1958; 68 (1): 57–61. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0680057 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1958 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1958 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Implications of dibenzyl trisulphide for disease treatment based on its mode of action. (2009)

Studies conducted on the secondary metabolite (natural product), dibenzyl trisulphide (DTS), which was isolated from the sub-tropical shrub Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed, anamu) [Phytolaccaceae] have shown tremendous pharmaceutical promise as a drug prototype. This is now reflected in the development of the broad spectrum anti-cancer molecule, fluorapacin (bis(4-fluorobenzyl) trisulphide) which has an excellent safety profile. The mode of action elucidated for DTS is the mitogen activated protein extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 (MAPKinases ERK 1 and ERK 2). The MAPKinase signal transduction biochemical pathways are important in the regulation of a wide range of cellular processes which are important in disease establishment. These processes include: cancer cell proliferation, nerve repair, memory enhancement, autoimmune diseases, which are linked to thymic cell involution and bone marrow functions, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the MAPkinase signal transduction mode of action, DTS also prevents the denaturation of serum albumin which is a feature of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, thus supporting the molecule's possible role in the treatment of inflammatory ageing diseases.
An approach for general synthesis of biphenyl neolignans by the reaction of 1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione with the Grignard reagent and synthesis of magnaldehyde B. (1987)

An approach for general synthesis of biphenyl neolignans by the reaction of 1-oxaspiro [4.5] -deca-6, 9-diene-2, 8-dione (3) (quinol-lactone) with the Grignard reagent 4 was explored. Among the biphenyl derivatives 6, 8, and 9 thus obtained, 6 was transformed to magnaldehyde B (2b) in three steps.
350 MHz time-multiplexed 8-port SRAM and word size variable multiplier for multimedia DSP (2002)

A multimedia DSP optimized for digital audio/video applications provides simple flexible cost-effective solution capable of GUI acceleration, MPEG2 decoding, real-time MPEG1 encoding, personal video conferencing, 28.8 kbps fax/modem, and audio/sound functions. The main frequency of the chip is 62.5 MHz and the supply voltage is 3.3 V. The chip is fabricated in 0.5 /spl mu/m triple-metal CMOS, occupies 12.8/spl times/14.0 mm/sup 2/ and is mounted in a 240 QFP package with a heat-spreader. The chip integrates high-performance custom macro blocks: an interface for Rambus DRAMs (RAC), a 37 kb time-multiplexed 8-ported SRAM, 72 b scalable datapath and single oxide 3 V/5 V I/O. The focus here is the SRAM and word-size-variable multiplier.
Synthesis of Carbon‐Backbone‐Elongated GDP‐<scp>L</scp>‐Fucose Derivatives as Substrates for Fucosyltransferase‐Catalysed Reactions (1997)

Abstract Starting from the 6‐ O ‐ tert ‐butyldimethysilyl‐2,3;4,5‐di‐ O ‐isopropylidene‐ D ‐galactose diethyl dithioacetal ( 4 ) and proceeding through a Wittig reaction and Swern oxidation, a series of L ‐fucose analogues, which unlike the normal L ‐fucose possess an extended alkyl‐chain at C ‐5, can be produced. The elongated carbon backbone in the L ‐fucitols ( 22–25 ) as well as in the L ‐fucose derivatives ( 30–33 ) increases the hydrophobic nature of the sugar molecule, promoting liquid‐crystalline properties in both series. The further derivatization of the L ‐fucose analogues 30, 31 leads to the corresponding β‐ L ‐ galacto ‐deco‐ and dodeco‐pyranosyl phosphates 46 , 47 and, in turn, to the respective pyranosyl guanosine 5‐diphosphates 48, 49 . The reaction of the β‐ L ‐galactopyranosyl guanosine 5‐diphosphate 48 with 8‐methoxycarbonyloctyl 2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐4‐ O ‐(β‐ D ‐galactopyranosyl)‐β‐ D ‐glucopyranoside ( 50 ) in the presence of a 3/4‐α‐fucosyltransferase furnished an O ‐glycosidic linkage of the α‐ L ‐galactopdecopyranose 30 at the 3‐ O ‐position of the N ‐acetyllactosamine glycoside 50 . The chemo‐enzymatic coupling reaction proves that the synthesized carbon‐backbone‐elongated L ‐galactopyranosyl guanosine 5‐diphosphates are suitable substrates for the α‐fucosyltransferases.
More on relative usefulness of two tests for occult blood in stool. (1979)

Journal Article More on relative usefulness of two tests for occult blood in stool. Get access J D Ostrow J D Ostrow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 25, Issue 2, 1 February 1979, Pages 338–339, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/25.2.338 Published: 01 February 1979
TE<sub>21</sub>Mode Waveguide Coupler for Tracking (1993)

Derivation of theoretical expressions of TEJ21 mode waveguide coupler to generate difference pattern for tracking purposes and the associated practical configuration are given in this paper. Limitations of such a coupler under various source polarizations are also discussed.
Protein Kinase F<sub>A</sub>/GSK‐3 Phosphorylates on Ser<sup>235</sup>‐Pro and Ser<sup>404</sup>‐Pro that Are Abnormally Phosphorylated in Alzheimer's Disease Brain (1993)

Previously, we identified protein kinase FA/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) as a microtubule-associated protein tau kinase that can incorporate 4 mol of phosphates into 1 mol of tau protein and cause its electrophoretic mobility shift in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, a unique property characteristic of paired helical filament-associated pathological tau (PHF-tau) in Alzheimer's disease brains. In this report, we identified TPPKS(p)PSAAK and SPVVSGDTS(p)PR as two phosphorylation site sequences phosphorylated by kinase FA/GSK-3 in tau using peptide sequence analysis and sequential manual Edman degradation for radiosequencing. When mapping with human brain tau sequence, we further identified Ser235-Pro and Ser404-Pro as the two major phosphorylation sites according to the numbering of the longest tau isoform. Ser235 and Ser404 have been reported as two of the major abnormal phosphorylation sites in PHF-tau. Taken together, the results provide initial evidence that protein kinase FA/GSK-3 may represent one of the Ser-Pro motif-directed tau kinases involved in the abnormal phosphorylation of pathological PHF-tau in Alzheimer's disease brain.
A Survey on the Perception of the Four Characteristics of Some Korean Dishes among Korean Children and Adolescents (2005)

This study was carried out to examine the relationship between various characteristics of Korean traditional dishes such as preference, function, occurrence and preparation, with children and adolescents' characteristics such as general characteristics and health status and health attitudes. Elementary school students had desirable health attitudes as measured using the subjectively perceived level of health status and purpose of meals. There were significant relationships between some characteristics and health concerned behaviors, which included the extent of eating healthy diets, the intake of nutritional supplements and the application of nutritional knowledge. We found out that there were significant positive correlations among four characteristics of traditional dishes and the preference for those dishes was more positively correlated with occurrence and preparation than with function. The effects of the subjects' characteristics on preference for traditional dishes differed in various ways.
Human Neurospheres as Three-Dimensional Cellular Systems for Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing (2009)

Human neurospheres are likely to imitate basic processes of brain development, and these processes can be modulated by developmental neurotoxicants. Thus, this three-dimensional cell system is a promising approach for DNT testing.
Core–shell structural iron oxide hybrid nanoparticles: from controlled synthesis to biomedical applications (2010)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have received great research attention due to their wide spectrum of potential applications. Core–shell structures with iron oxide nanoparticles as the core and with covalently grafted organic polymers as the shell, which has specific functions, such as biocompatibility, fluorescence, and biological activity have been synthesised. These nanostructured compounds could find numerous biomedical applications. This feature article provides a review on the synthetic methodologies for building such magnetic core–shell structures, and on their applications in targeted drug delivery, enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enzyme immobilization, hyperthermia and biosensors. Promising future directions of this active research field are also discussed.
A pilot study of cidofovir for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS (2002)

Cidofovir did not improve neurological examination scores at week 8. However, such scores were significantly better in subjects who entered with suppressed plasma HIV-1-RNA levels, which could be the result of control of HIV-1 infection itself or cidofovir.
Rim Structure in Ti(C <sub>0.7</sub> N <sub>0.3</sub> )–WC–Ni Cermets (2003)

The evolution of rim structures during the liquid‐phase sintering of Ti(C 0.7 N 0.3 )· x WC·20Ni ( x = 5–25 wt%) was investigated under a variety of sintering conditions and densification procedures. In addition, the onset of formation of the surrounding structures in the system was examined by analyzing the microstructures and rim compositions. The compositions of the inner and outer rims were found to vary with sintering temperature and holding time. The results indicate that the inner rim forms at sintering temperature and the outer rim forms thereafter during the sintering or cooling stage of sintering. The coalescence of Ti(C,N) appears to occur at the sintering temperature to a great extent before the formation of the rim phases.
A bandwidth reservation protocol for speech/data integration in TDMA-based advanced mobile systems (2002)

The traffic performance of third generation mobile systems is greatly influenced by the multiple access protocols used in the radio access subsystem. The paper introduces an access protocol, SIR (service integration radio access), which has the potential for accommodating the requirements of speech and bursty data traffic in an efficient way. SIR is evolved from a protocol (PRMA++) studied in the framework of a TDMA-based version of the European Universal Mobile Telecommunication System, UMTS, and uses dedicated mechanisms for data bandwidth request collection and servicing.
1W cw diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser for coherent space communication systems (1991)

A design concept suitable for space applications is proposed on the basis of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser transmitter laboratory breadboard; this transmitter must not only furnish the data carrier but also serve as a tracking reference and (in conjunction with a boost amplifier) as a beacon for receiver-station acquisition. The diffraction-limited beam is generated with 6.3-percent electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency. The proposed space communications system will incorporate astigmatically-focused stacked-laser diodes for continuous reliable operation over the course of seven years.
Site‐specific experiments on folding/unfolding of Jun coiled coils: Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters from spin inversion transfer nuclear magnetic resonance at leucine‐18 (2006)

The 32-residue leucine zipper subsequence, called here Jun-lz, associates in benign media to form a parallel two-stranded coiled coil. Studies are reported of its thermal unfolding/folding transition by circular dichroism (CD) on samples of natural isotopic abundance and by both equilibrium and spin inversion transfer (SIT) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on samples labeled at the leucine-18 alpha-carbon with 99% 13C. The data cover a wide range of temperature and concentration, and show that Jun-lz unfolds below room temperature, being far less stable than some other leucine zippers such as GCN4. 13C-NMR shows two well-separated resonances. We ascribe the upfield one to 13C spins on unfolded single chains and the downfield one to 13C spins on coiled-coil dimers. Their relative intensities provide a measure of the unfolding equilibrium constant. In SIT NMR, the recovery of the equilibrium magnetization after one resonance is inverted is modulated in part by the unfolding and folding rate constants, which are accessible from the data. Global Bayesian analysis of the equilibrium and SIT NMR data provide values for the standard enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity of unfolding, and show the latter to be unusually large. The CD results are compatible with the NMR findings. Global Bayesian analysis of the SIT NMR data yields the corresponding activation parameters for unfolding and folding. The results show that both reaction directions are activated processes. Activation for unfolding is entropy driven, enthalpy opposed. Activation for folding is strongly enthalpy opposed and somewhat entropy opposed, falsifying the idea that the barrier for folding is solely due to a purely entropic search for properly registered partners. The activation heat capacity is much larger for folding, so almost the entire overall change is due to the folding direction. This latter finding, if it applies to GCN4 leucine zippers, clears up an extant apparent disagreement between folding rate constants for GCN4 as determined by chevron analysis and NMR in differing temperature regimes.
Immune Homeostasis and Interferon Status of Newborns from Mothers with Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus Infections. (2000)

Cell mediated and humoral immunity, immunoregulation compartment, phagocyte system and interferon status were analyzed during the first day of life in 96 newborns from mothers with cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections as well as in 20 newborns from mothers with physiological course of the pregnancy and delivery. As a result of this study the next characteristics were found in newborns of the experimental group: activation of T-compartment of immunity with intense emigration of increased number of early precursor T lymphocytes into the peripheral blood; alteration of the immunoregulation compartment with reduction (or a tendency of reduction) of absolute number of T lymphocytes (CD3(+)), CD4(+) helpers-inducers, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte fraction within CD8(+) cells and increase of the T suppressor fraction; increase of the level of cells, which express receptors for IL-2 (CD25(+)); increase of the number of NK and activated NK (CD16(+)CD8(+)); decrease of the absolute and relative number of mature B lymphocytes (CD20(+)); increase of IgM and IgA synthesis; increased level of the immature forms of neutrophiles and reduced phagocytic ability of some phagocytes; reduction of IFN-ggr; and increase of IFN-alpha level. Thus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus were shown to affect unfavorably the development of immunity during ontogenesis with alteration of the immune homeostasis, reflecting intrauterine activation of the antigen-specific immune response. All above mentioned may serve as an indication for immunocorrecton therapy, and in particular for IFN preparations with aim to correct immune and IFN deficiency among such children immediately after their birth.
The peripheral and central neural actions of clonidine in normal and glaucomatous eyes. (1978)

In this study ozone and the H2O2/O3 oxidation system are used to decolorize aqueous solutions of Orange II (Or-II) and Acid Red 27 (AR-27). Investigations are carried out in a semi-batch bubble column reactor. A system of series-parallel reactions is proposed to describe the mechanism of dye oxidation. The stoichiometric ratio for the first reaction is found to be 1 mol dye per mol O3, while the overall ozone demand for both reactions one and two is found to be 5 and 6 moles for Or-II and AR-27 respectively. Molecular and radical kinetics are compared: a radical scavenger, t-butanol, can be added to ensure only the molecular reaction of ozone, or hydrogen peroxide can be supplied through a peristaltic pump, to initiate radical reactivity. Results reveal that colour removal is ensured by direct ozone attack. For both dyes, TOC removal efficiencies of 50 - 60 % are obtained by the action of the hydroxyl free radical. However, this is not improved by addition of H2O2, thus demonstrating that organic species alone ensure HO degrees radical production during ozonation. Both the mass transfer and the ozone reactivity with the dyes are considered to evaluate the kinetic parameters for the molecular pathway.
Structural and Mechanistic Aspects of Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling (2003)

In this chapter the authors discuss the Pd-catalyzed reactions of aryl, alkenyl, benzyl, alkyl, and acyl electrophiles with metal nucleophiles leading to carbon-metal bond formation. The Sonogashira and related Heck-type alkyne hydrogen substitution reactions are presented. Genuine examples of the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of preformed alkynylmetals with organic halides and the conjugate substitution reactions are outlined. The chapter also includes special discussion of the following classes of compounds: heteroaromatics; chiral compounds and their asymmetric synthesis; conjugated oligomers of biological significance; conjugated oligomers and polymers of materials chemical interest and natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF ANTHRACYCLINONES (1979)

Abstract Aus dem Tetrahydroxyanthracen (III) werden mit dem Hydroxyaldehyd (I) wahlweise 2 Diastereomere (trennbar über die Isopropylidenderivate) des Tetrahydroxyanthrachinons (II) oder das Trihydroxyanthrachinon (IV) dargestellt; letzteres liefert durch erneute Alkylierung mit Glyoxylsäure (V) die Säure (VIa), deren Ester (VIb) zum Keton (VIc) oxidiert wird (Pyridiniumchlorchromat).