gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low ML-Decoding Complexity, Large Coding Gain, Full-Rate, Full-Diversity STBCs for 2 $\times$ 2 and 4 $\times$ 2 MIMO Systems (2009)

This paper deals with low maximum-likelihood (ML)-decoding complexity, full-rate and full-diversity space-time block codes (STBCs), which also offer large coding gain, for the 2 transmit antenna, 2 receive antenna (2 × 2) and the 4 transmit antenna, 2 receive antenna (4 × 2) MIMO systems. Presently, the best known STBC for the 2 × 2 system is the Golden code and that for the 4 × 2 system is the DjABBA code. Following the approach by Biglieri, Hong, and Viterbo, a new STBC is presented in this paper for the 2 × 2 system. This code matches the Golden code in performance and ML-decoding complexity for square QAM constellations while it has lower ML-decoding complexity with the same performance for non-rectangular QAM constellations. This code is also shown to be <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">information-lossless</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">diversity-multiplexing gain</i> (DMG) tradeoff optimal. This design procedure is then extended to the 4 × 2 system and a code, which outperforms the DjABBA code for QAM constellations with lower ML-decoding complexity, is presented. So far, the Golden code has been reported to have an ML-decoding complexity of the order of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> for square QAM of size <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> . In this paper, a scheme that reduces its ML-decoding complexity to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ¿( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M)</i> is presented.
Optimisation algorithm for a virtual power plant operation (2004)

There is a growing interest in distributed generation (DG) by both the scientific and industrial communities because of emerging new technologies, changes in environmental policies and liberalisation of energy markets. An attractive idea is to aggregate a number of small size, environmentally compatible, generators close to the loads to supply both thermal and electrical power; this is the underlying concept of a virtual power plant (VPP). In this paper an optimisation algorithm is proposed to integrate many DG into a VPP, which will be able to generate and sell both thermal and electrical energy. Suitable models are proposed to simulate electric and thermal productions, CHP plants, thermal storages, and the energy exchange with the grid. The optimisation problem is here formulated as a nonlinear minimisation algorithm with constraints, where the objective function is the variable cost associated with the supply of thermal and electric energy to the loads. A working example of application to a case study of a VPP complete the paper.
Delay- and Coupling-Induced Firing Patterns in Oscillatory Neural Loops (2011)

For a feedforward loop of oscillatory Hodgkin-Huxley neurons interacting via excitatory chemical synapses, we show that a great variety of spatiotemporal periodic firing patterns can be encoded by properly chosen communication delays and synaptic weights, which contributes to the concept of temporal coding by spikes. These patterns can be obtained by a modulation of the multiple coexisting stable in-phase synchronized states or traveling waves propagating along or against the direction of coupling. We derive explicit conditions for the network parameters allowing us to achieve a desired pattern. Interestingly, whereas the delays directly affect the time differences between spikes of interacting neurons, the synaptic weights control the phase differences. Our results show that already such a simple neural circuit may unfold an impressive spike coding capability.
Single-CpG-resolution methylome analysis identifies clinicopathologically aggressive CpG island methylator phenotype clear cell renal cell carcinomas (2012)

To clarify the significance of DNA methylation alterations during renal carcinogenesis, methylome analysis using single-CpG-resolution Infinium array was performed on 29 normal renal cortex tissue (C) samples, 107 non-cancerous renal cortex tissue (N) samples obtained from patients with clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and 109 tumorous tissue (T) samples. DNA methylation levels at 4830 CpG sites were already altered in N samples compared with C samples. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis based on DNA methylation levels at the 801 CpG sites, where DNA methylation alterations had occurred in N samples and were inherited by and strengthened in T samples, clustered clear cell RCCs into Cluster A (n = 90) and Cluster B (n = 14). Clinicopathologically aggressive tumors were accumulated in Cluster B, and the cancer-free and overall survival rates of patients in this cluster were significantly lower than those of patients in Cluster A. Clear cell RCCs in Cluster B were characterized by accumulation of DNA hypermethylation on CpG islands and considered to be CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-positive cancers. DNA hypermethylation of the CpG sites on the FAM150A, GRM6, ZNF540, ZFP42, ZNF154, RIMS4, PCDHAC1, KHDRBS2, ASCL2, KCNQ1, PRAC, WNT3A, TRH, FAM78A, ZNF671, SLC13A5 and NKX6-2 genes became hallmarks of CIMP in RCCs. On the other hand, Cluster A was characterized by genome-wide DNA hypomethylation. These data indicated that DNA methylation alterations at precancerous stages may determine tumor aggressiveness and patient outcome. Accumulation of DNA hypermethylation on CpG islands and genome-wide DNA hypomethylation may each underlie distinct pathways of renal carcinogenesis.
Improved Conditions for Facile Overman Rearrangement<sup>1</sup> (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTImproved Conditions for Facile Overman Rearrangement1Toshio Nishikawa, Masanori Asai, Norio Ohyabu, and Minoru IsobeView Author Information Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-01, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1, 188–192Publication Date (Web):January 9, 1998Publication History Received28 July 1997Published online9 January 1998Published inissue 1 January 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9713924https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9713924brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2493Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Carbohydrates,Conformation,Reaction products,Rearrangement Get e-Alerts
Silicon Oxide Film Formation by Focused Ion Beam (FIB)-Assisted Deposition (1989)

A silicon oxide film has been formed by means of 60 keV Si 2+ focused ion beam (FIB)-assisted deposition. A mixture of tetramethoxysilane (Si(OCH 3 ) 4 ) and oxygen gases was blown onto a sample surface through a 0.2-mm-inner-diameter nozzle. A gold, silicon, and beryllium alloy source was used to produce a Si 2+ ion beam in the FIB system. The beam diameter and current were 0.3 µm and 0.1 nA, respectively. The deposited film with 0.1-µm thickness and 0.7-µm width consisted mainly of silicon and oxygen, and contained scarcely any carbon. The relative ratios of silicon to oxygen atomic concentration were 1:2 near the film surface and 1:1 inside the film. The resistivity of the deposited film was 2.5 MΩ·cm at 5 V, and the breakdown voltage was 40 V. It was found that it would be possible to use the deposited film as an insulator for integrated circuit repair in developing semiconductor devices.
Comparison of Time-Frequency Representations for Environmental Sound Classification using Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

Recent successful applications of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to audio classification and speech recognition have motivated the search for better input representations for more efficient training. Visual displays of an audio signal, through various time-frequency representations such as spectrograms offer a rich representation of the temporal and spectral structure of the original signal. In this letter, we compare various popular signal processing methods to obtain this representation, such as short-time Fourier transform (STFT) with linear and Mel scales, constant-Q transform (CQT) and continuous Wavelet transform (CWT), and assess their impact on the classification performance of two environmental sound datasets using CNNs. This study supports the hypothesis that time-frequency representations are valuable in learning useful features for sound classification. Moreover, the actual transformation used is shown to impact the classification accuracy, with Mel-scaled STFT outperforming the other discussed methods slightly and baseline MFCC features to a large degree. Additionally, we observe that the optimal window size during transformation is dependent on the characteristics of the audio signal and architecturally, 2D convolution yielded better results in most cases compared to 1D.
Maintenance of glutathione content is isolated hepatocyctes (1978)

1. During the standard procedure for the preparation of rat hepatocytes, about half of the cellular GSH (reduced glutathione) is lost. 2. This loss is prevented by the addition of 0.1 mM-EGTA (but no EDTA) to the perfusion medium. 3. On incubation with and without EGTA, isolated hepatocytes prepared in the presence of EGTA lose GSH. This loss is prevented by near-physiological concentrations of methionine or homocysteine, but not of cysteine. 4. Cysteine, at concentrations above 0.2 mM, causes a loss of GSH probably by non-enzymic formation of a mixed disulphide. 5. Serine together with methionine or homocystein increases GSH above the value in cells from starved rats in vivo. This is taken to suggest that cystathionine may be a cysteine donor in the synthesis of gamma-glutamylcysteine, the precursor of GSH.
Bayesian lithology/fluid prediction and simulation on the basis of a Markov-chain prior model (2006)

Abstract A technique for lithology/fluid (LF) prediction and simulation from prestack seismic data is developed in a Bayesian framework. The objective is to determine the LF classes along 1D profiles through a reservoir target zone. A stationary Markov-chain prior model is used to model vertical continuity of LF classes along the profile. The likelihood relates the LF classes to the elastic properties and to the seismic data, and it introduces vertical correlation because the seismic data are band-limited. An approximation of the likelihood model provides an approximate posterior model that is a Markov chain. The approximate posterior can be assessed by an exact and efficient recursive algorithm. The LF inversion approach is evaluated on a synthetic 1D profile that is inspired by a North Sea sandstone reservoir. With a realistic wavelet-colored noise model and a S/N ratio of three in the seismic data, the results are reliable. The LF classes and the interfaces between zones are largely correct. The prediction uncertainty increases if the number of zones increases and zone thicknesses decreases. The study clearly demonstrates the impact of a vertically coupled prior Markov model for the LF classes.
Single-Camera Computational Stereo Using a Rotating Mirror (1994)

The use of a single camera and rotating mirror for depth estimation in a periscope-like system is examined. It is found that such an arrangement is viable and that the problem of matching features in successive frames may be greatly simplified by comparatively straightforward pre-processing. Experimental results are presented and some possible applications of such a compact stereo sensor are outlined.
Production of Therapeutic Fractions of Human Blood Serum: Removal of Salts with Ion-Exchange Resins (1949)

Journal Article Production of Therapeutic Fractions of Human Blood Serum: Removal of Salts with Ion-Exchange Resins Get access Allen F. Reid, PH.D., Allen F. Reid, PH.D. From Baylor University, Graduate Research Institute, Dallas, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Frances Jones, B.S. Frances Jones, B.S. From Baylor University, Graduate Research Institute, Dallas, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 19, Issue 1, 1 January 1949, Pages 10–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/19.1.10 Published: 01 January 1949 Article history Received: 20 August 1948 Published: 01 January 1949
Optical anisotropy of wurtzite GaN on sapphire characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry (2003)

Optical anisotropy of wurtzite GaN grown on sapphire was studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) over the wavelength range of 400–1200 nm at the incident angle of 68°. Both the dispersions of the refractive indices for E ⊥ c (no) and E ∥ c(ne) as well as the film thickness were determined by fitting SE measurement data with a suitable optical model. The average difference between the values of no and ne over the experimental wavelength range is 2.7%. To verify the results of SE measurements, the obtained values of no were used to analyse the interference part of the UV-Vis reflection spectrum of GaN with near-normal incidence geometry and the film thickness was also calculated. The two thickness values obtained by SE and reflection spectra were in good consistence and the relative deviation was found to be only 0.16%.
A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Triple Scan Procedure to Obtain a Three-Dimensional Augmented Virtual Skull Model Appropriate for Orthognathic Surgery Planning (2009)

The aim of this study was to present a new approach to acquire a three-dimensional virtual skull model appropriate for orthognathic surgery planning without the use of plaster dental models and without deformation of the facial soft-tissue mask. A "triple" cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan procedure with triple voxel-based rigid registration was evaluated and validated on 10 orthognathic patients. First, the patient was scanned vertically with a wax bite wafer in place (CBCT scan No1). Second, a limited dose scan of the patient with a Triple Tray AlgiNot impression in place was carried out (CBCT scan No2). Finally, a high-resolution scan of the Triple Tray AlgiNot impression was done (CBCT scan No3). Sequential and semiautomatic triple voxel-based rigid registration (RNo1-RNo3) was performed to augment the patient's skull model with accurate occlusal and intercuspidation data (Maxilim, version 2.1.1., Medicim NV, Mechelen, Belgium). All registrations were based on the Maximisation of Mutual Information registration algorithm. Because the accuracy and stability of the voxel-based registration (RNo1) between the Triple Tray AlgiNot impression scan and the limited low-dose patient scan were not known, this particular registration step needed to be validated. The accuracy of registration was measured on a synthetic skull and showed to be highly accurate. A volume overlap of 98.1% was found for registered impression scan No1. The mean distance between registered impression scan No1 and registered impression scan No2 was 0.08 +/- 0.03 mm (range, 0.04-0.11 mm). As far as the stability of registration was concerned, successful registration with a stable optimal position was obtained with a maximum variability of less than 0.1 mm. The results of this study showed that semiautomatic sequential triple voxel-based rigid registration of the triple CBCT scans augmented the 3-D virtual skull model with detailed occlusal and intercuspidation data in a highly accurate and robust way. The method is therefore appropriate and valid for 3-D virtual orthognathic surgery planning in the clinical routine.
Combined Natural Killer T-Cell–Based Immunotherapy Eradicates Established Tumors in Mice (2007)

A rational monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based antitumor therapy approach has previously been shown to eradicate various established experimental and carcinogen-induced tumors in a majority of mice. This therapy comprised an agonistic mAb reactive with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (DR5), expressed by tumor cells, an agonistic anti-CD40 mAb to mature dendritic cells, and an agonistic anti-4-1BB mAb to costimulate CD8(+) T cells. Because agonists of CD40 have been toxic in patients, we were interested in substituting anti-CD40 mAb with other dendritic cell-maturing agents, such as glycolipid ligands recognized by invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Here, we show that CD1d-restricted glycolipid ligands for iNKT cells effectively substitute for anti-CD40 mAb and reject established experimental mouse breast and renal tumors when used in combination with anti-DR5 and anti-4-1BB mAbs (termed "NKTMab" therapy). NKTMab therapy-induced tumor rejection was dependent on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, NKT cells, and the cytokine IFN-gamma. NKTMab therapy containing either alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GC) or alpha-C-galactosylceramide (alpha-c-GC) at high concentrations induced similar rates of tumor rejection in mice; however, toxicity was observed at the highest doses of alpha-GC (>250 ng/injection), limiting the use of this glycolipid. By contrast, even very low doses of alpha-c-GC (25 ng/injection) retained considerable antitumor activity when used in combination with anti-DR5/anti-4-1BB, and thus, alpha-c-GC showed a considerably greater therapeutic index. In summary, sequential tumor cell apoptosis and amplification of dendritic cell function by NKT cell agonists represents an exciting and novel approach for cancer treatment.
A utility-based power-control scheme in wireless cellular systems (2003)

Distributed power-control algorithms for systems with hard signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) constraints may diverge when infeasibility arises. We present a power-control framework called utility-based power control (UBPC) by reformulating the problem using a softened SIR requirement (utility) and adding a penalty on power consumption (cost). Under this framework, the goal is to maximize the net utility, defined as utility minus cost. Although UBPC is still noncooperative and distributed in nature, some degree of cooperation emerges: a user will automatically decrease its target SIR (and may even turn off transmission) when it senses that traffic congestion is building up. This framework enables us to improve system convergence and to satisfy heterogeneous service requirements (such as delay and bit error rate) for integrated networks with both voice users and data users. Fairness, adaptiveness, and a high degree of flexibility can be achieved by properly tuning parameters in UBPC.
Extrachromosomal genetic complementation of surface metalloproteinase (gp63)-deficient Leishmania increases their binding to macrophages. (1992)

A major surface glycoprotein of 63 kDa (gp63) has been previously identified biochemically and genetically as a zinc proteinase conserved in pathogenic Leishmania spp. The functional significance of this proteinase was analyzed by genetic approaches. A 15-kilobase DNA with a tunicamycin-resistance gene from Leishmania amazonensis was ligated in two different orientations into pBluescript containing a gp63 gene from Leishmania major. These plasmid constructs were used to transfect a variant of L. amazonensis deficient in gp63 expression. Both constructs were found to confer tunicamycin resistance with equal efficiency and remained structurally unchanged in the transfectants. RNA and immunoblot analyses showed over-expression of gp63 in the transfectants with one of the two plasmids constructed. The over-produced products were enzymatically active and expressed on the cell surface. Significantly, the transfectants with over-expressed gp63 increased by 2-fold over controls in their binding to macrophages. Evidence presented thus indicates that the gp63 gene constructed in the plasmid as described and introduced exogenously expresses in the gp63-deficient variants and that the expressed products are functionally active.
Fault diagnosis based on effect-cause analysis (1980)

This paper presents the basic concepts of a new fault diagnosis technique which has the following features: 1) is applicable to both single and multiple faults, 2) does not require fault enumeration, 3) can identify faults which prevent initialization, 4) can indicate the presence of nonstuck faults in the D.U.T., 5) can identify fault-free lines in the D.U.T. Our technique, referred to as effect-cause analysis, does not require a fault dictionary and it is not based on comparing the obtained response of the D.U.T. with the expected response, which is not assumed to be known. Effect-cause analysis directly processes the actual response of the D.U.T. to the applied test (the effect) to determine the possible fault situations (the causes) which can generate that response.
Why is Conventional ATPG Not Sufficient for Advanced Low Power Designs? (2009)

Designs using advanced low power techniques like multi-supply multi-voltage and power shutoff bring with them a new set of challenges that manufacturing test must deal with carefully. These designs have low power components-isolation cells, retention flops, level shifters, power switches, etc.,-that must be tested not only structurally but also addressing their behavior across multiple power modes. This paper describes the challenges in testing the key low power components and proposes novel solutions. The defective behavior of state retention logic is modeled to enable fault grading. ATPG modeling of defective behavior of isolation logic and level shifters is described for designs that support multiple supply voltages and power shutoff. The solutions are supported by experimental results on industrial designs.
Temporal verification of behavioral descriptions in VHDL (1992)

An approach for verifying the temporal scheduling of behavioral models of VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) is presented. The aim is to verify that the control flow of a behavioral description satisfies its behavioral specifications described in a formalism based on reified temporal logics, and on a notion of physical activity. From this formalism, a verification procedure is established which starts by extracting the temporal subbehaviors from given VHDL descriptions and then gives them to the temporal demonstrator to prove whether they respect the behavioral specifications. >