gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new general integral theory for dielectric coated gratings (1978)

We present a new rigorous integral formalism for the theoretical study of dielectric coated gratings and grating couplers. It applies in the resonance domain, where the wavelength of the incident field and the groove spacing are of the same order of magnitude. The computed program issued from this theory extends the domain of application of the previous differential or integral theories. It can be used to investigate, with a very good accuracy, the properties of bare or dielectric coated gratings, for any groove shape and any polarization, in the entire visible, ultraviolet, and infrared regions. Various classical criteria are used to control the validity of the numerical results and comparisons are made with the numerical results obtained using the previous integral and differential formalisms. Two examples of applications are given. First, we show that the new possibilities of our program lead to a better agreement between theoretical results and experimental data. Second, a theoretical study of a certain type of grating coupler is given.
Countermeasure for the protection of face recognition systems against mask attacks (2013)

There are several types of spoofing attacks to face recognition systems such as photograph, video or mask attacks. Recent studies show that face recognition systems are vulnerable to these attacks. In this paper, a countermeasure technique is proposed to protect face recognition systems against mask attacks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a countermeasure is proposed to detect mask attacks. The reason for this delay is mainly due to the unavailability of public mask attacks databases. In this study, a 2D+3D face mask attacks database is used which is prepared for a research project in which the authors are all involved. The performance of the countermeasure is evaluated on both the texture images and the depth maps, separately. The results show that the proposed countermeasure gives satisfactory results using both the texture images and the depth maps. The performance of the countermeasure is observed to be slight better when the technique is applied on texture images instead of depth maps, which proves that face texture provides more information than 3D face shape characteristics using the proposed approach.
Rett Syndrome: North American Database (2007)

The International Rett Syndrome Association (IRSA) North American database is the first comprehensive compilation of information in the United States and Canada on individuals with Rett syndrome or with another diagnosis in association with MECP2 mutations. The database contains specific information by diagnosis, mutation status, and mutation type and frequency on 1928 participants. Among the 1928 participants, 85.5% were typical, 13.4% were atypical, and 1.1% had MECP2 mutations but did not have Rett syndrome. MECP2 mutations were identified in 914 of 1059 participants (86%): 799 of 870 (92%) participants with typical Rett syndrome had an MECP2 mutation, 94 of 162 (58%) with atypical Rett syndrome had a mutation, and all 21 individuals diagnosed as Not Rett syndrome had a mutation. Missense-type mutations (39.0%) were slightly more common than nonsense type (35.1%). Individual mutation frequency for the 8 common mutations varied from 11.9% for T158M to 4.4% for R106W; large deletions accounted for 6.4% and C-terminal truncations occurred in 8.8%. The remaining mutations (14.3%) occurred singly or in small numbers. This database provides a unique resource for expanding our understanding of Rett syndrome, for comparison with other national databases, and for future study including organization of clinical trials based on the expected emergence of fundamental therapies.
Production of Picea abies in South-east Norway in Response to Climate Change: A Case Study Using Process-based Model Simulation with Field Validation (2002)

A process-based model was used to simulate biomass production of Norway spruce under both current climate and climate change scenarios. The model was parameterized for Nordmoen in south-east Norway using real climate data for the period 1987-1989. The model was applied to predict the biomass production responses to three climate change scenarios. The results showed that net primary production (NPP) increased by 7% under an elevated annual mean air temperature of 4°C from the current 10.1 t dry mass ha -1 yr -1 . A doubled current ambient CO 2 concentration significantly increased NPP by 36%. The scenario of both elevated temperature and elevated CO 2 concentration led to an increase in the NPP of 49%, higher than the sum of the two effects acting singly. The results also showed that forest production responses to climate change depend on the conditions of climate used for reference. Keywords: BiomassProductionConcentrationTemperatureEle VAtionsModelSimulationNorwaySpruce
Right internal jugular vein approach as an alternative in balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (1999)

Transjugular balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty was safely and successfully performed in five patients, two of whom had severe right heart failure. Crossing the stenotic pulmonary valve from the right internal jugular vein was consistently easy and quick. This approach should be considered whenever difficulties are experienced or anticipated in the femoral approach.
A.: Magnetic energy and helicity fluxes at the photospheric level (2003)

Abstract. The source of coronal magnetic energy and helicity lies below the surface of the sun, probably in the convective zone dynamo. Measurements of magnetic and velocity elds can capture the \nuxes of both magnetic energy and helicity crossing the photosphere. We point out the ambiguities which can occur when observations are used to compute these \nuxes. In particular, we show that these \nuxes should be computed only from the horizontal motions deduced by tracking the photospheric cut of magnetic \nux tubes. These horizontal motions include the eect of both the emergence and the shearing motions what ever the magnetic conguration com-plexity is. We nally analyze the observational diculties involved in deriving such uxes, in particular the limitations of the correlation tracking methods.
Variety of Approaches to Designing Microwave Active Filters (1997)

Microwave active filters continue to attract the attention of specialists because of their unique performance. The paper is targeted at providing microwave and RF designers with an introduction to the state of the art including both of current tendencies and unsolved problems. Emphasis is placed on a physical interpretalion of general principles of design and practical realizations of microwave active filters.
Chemoselective enzymic monoacylation of bifunctional compounds (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemoselective enzymic monoacylation of bifunctional compoundsNicolas Chinsky, Alexey L. Margolin, and Alexander M. KlibanovCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1, 386–388Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00183a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00183a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient stereoselective synthesis of natural α-tocopherol (vitamin E) (1979)

Reduction by bakers' yeast of the aldehyde (1) gives 2-methyl-5-phenylpent-4-en-1-ol, containing ca. 87% of the (2S)-isomer (3), which is converted into (3R,7R)-3,7,11-trimethyldodecan-1-ol (8), a key intermediate in the synthesis of natural α-tocopherol (19); the same alcohol (8) and its lower homologue (16), which is also an intermediate in the same synthesis, are both obtained in optically pure form from the acid (9).
Completely endoscopic microwave ablation of atrial fibrillation on the beating heart using bilateral thoracoscopy. (2008)

The pharmacological treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) has proven to be wholly inadequate. Although highly successful, the surgical approach is too invasive and has not been widely adopted. Progress has been made with breathtaking speed over the last decade toward the creation of an ablative surgical procedure that retains a high cure rate yet solves the problem of invasiveness. This chapter will describe a procedure that uses microwave energy delivered via a thin, long, and flexible catheter through endoscopic ports to treat AF. As energy delivery methods, surgical techniques, and assessment procedures continue to improve, treatments such as this one will hopefully attract the largest number of patients who suffer with this arrhythmia to seek a safe and effective cure.
Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD (2009)

Increasing evidence indicates that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease involving more than airflow obstruction. Airflow obstruction has profound effects on cardiac function and gas exchange with systemic consequences. In addition, as COPD results from inflammation and/or alterations in repair mechanisms, the "spill-over" of inflammatory mediators into the circulation may result in important systemic manifestations of the disease, such as skeletal muscle wasting and cachexia. Systemic inflammation may also initiate or worsen comorbid diseases, such as ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, osteoporosis, normocytic anaemia, lung cancer, depression and diabetes. Comorbid diseases potentiate the morbidity of COPD, leading to increased hospitalisations, mortality and healthcare costs. Comorbidities complicate the management of COPD and need to be evaluated carefully. Current therapies for comorbid diseases, such as statins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-agonists, may provide unexpected benefits for COPD patients. Treatment of COPD inflammation may concomitantly treat systemic inflammation and associated comorbidities. However, new broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory treatments, such as phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, have significant side-effects so it may be necessary to develop inhaled drugs in the future. Another approach is the reversal of corticosteroid resistance, for example with effective antioxidants. More research is needed on COPD comorbidities and their treatment.
As we wait: coping with an imperfect nomenclature for extracellular vesicles (2013)

There is increasing evidence that secreted vesicles play important roles in numerous aspects of biology (e.g. intercellular vesicle traffic, immunity, development, neurobiology and microbiology), contribute to many human diseases (e.g. cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and HIV/AIDS) and have significant biotechnological potential. This expanding interest in extracellular vesicles has also highlighted some vexing problems related to their nomenclature. At the first meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) in Gothenburg, Sweden (April 2012), the authors chaired a session on the issue of vesicle nomenclature. (Published: 15 February 2013) Citation: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles 2013, 2 : 20389 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jev.v2i0.20389
Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β 2-42 is decreased in Alzheimer’s, but not in frontotemporal dementia (2012)

Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and frontotemporal dementias (FTD) are common and their clinical differential diagnosis may be complicated by overlapping symptoms, which is why biomarkers may have an important role to play. Cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) Aβ2-42 and 1-42 have been shown to be similarly decreased in AD, but 1-42 did not display sufficient specificity for exclusion of other dementias from AD. The objective of the present study was to clarify the diagnostic value of Aβ2-42 peptides for the differential diagnosis of AD from FTD. For this purpose, 20 non-demented disease controls (NDC), 22 patients with AD and 17 with FTD were comparatively analysed by a novel sequential aminoterminally and carboxyterminally specific immunoprecipitation protocol with subsequent Aβ-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot, allowing the quantification of peptides 1-38(ox), 2-40 and 2-42 along with Aβ 1-37, 1-38, 1-39, 1-40, 1-40(ox) and 1-42. CSF Aβ1-42 was decreased in AD as compared to NDC, but not to FTD. In a subgroup of the patients analyzed, the decrease of Abeta2-42 in AD was evident as compared to both NDC and FTD. Aβ1-38 was decreased in FTD as compared to NDC and AD. For differentiating AD from FTD, Aβ1-42 demonstrated sufficient diagnostic accuracies only when combined with Aβ1-38. Aβ2-42 yielded diagnostic accuracies of over 85 % as a single marker. These accuracy figures could be improved by combining Aβ2-42 to Aβ1-38. Aβ2-42 seems to be a promising biomarker for differentiating AD from other degenerative dementias, such as FTD.
Comparison of 99Tcm-HMPAO and 111In-oxine labelled granulocytes in man (1988)

The in vitro and in vivo behaviour of 99Tcm-HMPAO (hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime) (n = 12) and 111In-oxine (n = 11) labelled granulocytes, isolated by density-gradient centrifugation (Metrizamide/plasma gradients), was compared in patients with suspected inflammatory diseases. The in vitro elution of both labels and the viability of the labelled cells (99Tcm, 98.5%; 111In, 96.5%) was comparable but the labelling efficiency was different (99Tcm, 44 +/- 13%; 111In, 72.5 +/- 5.5%). In vivo, the lung (t1/2 max: 7.7 min), liver and spleen perfusion patterns were nearly identical; the image quality for detail in 99Tcm scans was superior to 111In images. The blood disappearance curves of 99Tcm and 111In were comparable. In the small number of patients examined all infections could be diagnosed correctly, without false-positive or false-negative results. Disadvantageous is the renal excretion of 99Tcm complexes (3+% over 20 h) with kidney and bladder activity from the beginning of the study. The biliary excretion in half of the patients (n = 6) with unspecific positive small and large bowel visualization and the late intestinal excretion also render the diagnosis more difficult. The recommended best imaging times for abdominal and retroperitoneal inflammations are 30 min to 2 h after injection. Late scans in septic prosthetic joints have disproportionate long acquisition times. As a potential cell labelling compound, 99Tcm-HMPAO has a promising future in comparison to 111In scans because of the good availability of 99Tcm, the image quality and the lower radiation exposure to the patient when lower activities for the early diagnosis of abdominal inflammatory diseases are reinjected.
Research on the Marketing Management System Based on ASP.NET Technology (2014)

The rapid development of computer technology and the popularization of the progress of each trade have promoted the development of e-government. Business management system is the establishment and development of the national economy important players, managers and a service provider, which plays a role in information and a decisive role. In this paper, it first introduces the Definition and Characteristics of ASP NET, and then it talks about the problems of marketing management, finally it puts forward some suggestions for the establishment of Asp.net marketing management system.
On-the-go throughput prediction in a combine harvester using sensor fusion (2017)

The paper addresses design of a clean grain throughput observer for a combine harvester, i.e. delay free yield sensing. The aim is to predict grain throughput changes using the forward speed and a throughput sensor in the feederhouse. By utilising a grain flow model and sensor fusion an estimate of the current grain throughput is obtained, hence the effect from the lag in the momentary yield sensor reading due to material transport delays can be reduced. Statistical change detection is used to detect feederhouse load condition as well as sensor discrepancies using the observer innovation signal. The system is able to predict changes originating from forward speed and local crop density variations. Also temporary sensor discrepancies are detected and compensated in the grain flow estimate.
Highly Effective and Green Catalytic Approach Toward <i>α</i>,<i>ω</i>‐Dihydroxy‐Telechelic Poly(trimethylenecarbonate) (2009)

α,ω-Dihydroxy-telechelic poly(trimethylenecarbonate), HO-PTMC-OH, is synthesized from the controlled "immortal" ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of trimethylene carbonate under mild conditions (bulk, 60 °C), using ZnEt(2) or, more efficiently, [(BDI)Zn(N(SiMe(3) )(2) )] (BDI = CH(CMeNC(6) H(3) -2,6-iPr(2) )(2) ) as catalyst precursor, in the presence of a diol HO-R-OH (R = (CH(2) )(2) or CH(2) C(6) H(4) CH(2) ; 0.5-10 equiv. vs Zn) acting both as co-initiator and chain transfer agent. Alternatively, HO-PTMC-OH is prepared upon hydrogenolysis of HO-PTMC-OCH(2) Ph, initially prepared from the ROP of TMC using the [(BDI)Zn(N(SiMe(3) )(2) )]/PhCH(2) OH system, under smooth operating conditions using Pd/charcoal. Well-defined dihydroxy-functionalized PTMCs of molar mass ranging from $\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 2 000 to 109 500 g · mol(-1) were thus quantitatively obtained and fully characterized by NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS and SEC analyses. The versatility of this "immortal" ROP allows the preparation of alike α,ω-functional polyester such as linear HO-poly(lactide)-OH, as well as star polymers such as the glycerol-based PTM-OH(3) .
Strategies for visual word recognition and orthographical depth: A multilingual comparison. (1987)

We investigated the psychological reality of the concept of orthographical depth and its influence on visual word recognition by examining naming performance in Hebrew, English, and Serbo-Croatian. We ran three sets of experiments in which we used native speakers and identical experimental methods in each language. Experiment 1 revealed that the lexical status of the stimulus (high-frequency words, low-frequency words, and nonwords) significantly affected naming in Hebrew (the deepest of the three orthographies). This effect was only moderate in English and nonsignificant in Serbo-Croatian (the shallowest of the three orthographies). Moreover, only in Hebrew did lexical status have similar effects on naming and lexical decision performance. Experiment 2 revealed that semantic priming effects in naming were larger in Hebrew than in English and completely absent in Serbo-Croatian. Experiment 3 revealed that a large proportion of nonlexical tokens (nonwords) in the stimulus list affects naming words in Hebrew and in English, but not in Serbo-Croatian. These results were interpreted as strong support for the orthographical depth hypothesis and suggest, in general, that in shallow orthographies phonology is generated directly from print, whereas in deep orthographies phonology is derived from the internal lexicon.
Urinary Tract Infections: From Pathogenesis to Treatment (1989)

Journal Article Urinary Tract Infections: From Pathogenesis to Treatment Get access Walter E. Stamm, Walter E. Stamm Please address requests for reprints 10 Dr. Waller E. Stamm, Division of Infectious Diseases ZA-89, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98104. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas M. Hooton, Thomas M. Hooton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James R. Johnson, James R. Johnson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carolyn Johnson, Carolyn Johnson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ann Stapleton, Ann Stapleton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pacita L. Roberts, Pacita L. Roberts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steve L. Moseley, Steve L. Moseley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stephan D. Fihn Stephan D. Fihn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 159, Issue 3, March 1989, Pages 400–406, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/159.3.400 Published: 01 March 1989 Article history Received: 13 December 1988 Published: 01 March 1989
Laser In Situ Keratomileusis After PKP (2002)

Reply: We thank Drs. Dada and Vajpayee for their comments. We totally agree with them that is much better to perform a 2-stage LASIK procedure to reduce refractive errors after PKP, as we have mentioned in our paper and as we are doing now. Our paper confirms that for spherical correction, we might have an excellent result performing a single-stage procedure, but for astigmatism correction it is always better to perform a 2-stage procedure. We agree with Drs. Dada and Vajpayee, as we mentioned in our paper, that it is not known how long one should wait to perform the excimer laser treatment after the flap has been created. It might be necessary to wait at least 3 months between the flap and the treatment for the refraction and the topography to stabilize, but we know that the refraction and topography may never stabilize in some corneal grafts and this is still a problem. As far as lifting the same flap or performing a new one for retreatment, we agree that it is easy to relift the same flap months or years later. We have lifted a flap 12 years after LASIK, but we prefer to do a new cut if more than 3 to 6 months have passed, otherwise we can induce stromal bed irregularities with the instrument we are using to relift the flap. However, we know this is a personal surgeon choice. Sérgio Kwitko MD Diane Marinho MD Samuel Rymer MD Sérgio Ramos Filho MD
Mass Transfer in a Spray Column at Supercritical Conditions (1993)

Mass transfer characteristics were determined for countercurrent solvent extraction in a spray column with supercritical C02. Carbon dioxide-isopropanol-water was used at 7-15Mpa and 25-45 C and up to 10vol% solute. Results obtained in a 22 mm i.d. column show extraction efficiencies comparable with those based on conventional mass transfer models, provided appropriate physical property data are used.