gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise2Self: Blind Denoising by Self-Supervision (2019)

We propose a general framework for denoising high-dimensional measurements which requires no prior on the signal, no estimate of the noise, and no clean training data. The only assumption is that the noise exhibits statistical independence across different dimensions of the measurement, while the true signal exhibits some correlation. For a broad class of functions ("$\mathcal{J}$-invariant"), it is then possible to estimate the performance of a denoiser from noisy data alone. This allows us to calibrate $\mathcal{J}$-invariant versions of any parameterised denoising algorithm, from the single hyperparameter of a median filter to the millions of weights of a deep neural network. We demonstrate this on natural image and microscopy data, where we exploit noise independence between pixels, and on single-cell gene expression data, where we exploit independence between detections of individual molecules. This framework generalizes recent work on training neural nets from noisy images and on cross-validation for matrix factorization.
Hi-Jet System for Increasing Tool Life (1952)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">ONE of the simplest and cheapest methods yet devised to augment cutting tool life, and at the same time increase cutting speeds, is described in these two papers by the authors, who pioneered in developing the novel hi-jet system, which substitutes a fine, forced jet of oil for the customery flood type of lubrication during cutting operations.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In Part I, Mr. Pigott reviews the improvements resulting from applying cutting liquids in the hi-jet manner. He compares the results with those obtained under the former system. He also describes the adaptations of various recording instruments and other improvements developed during the running of hi-jet tests.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In Part II, Mr. Colwell describes many practical applications of hi-jet. Mr. Colwell considers the method to mark a revolutionary advance in the art of removing metal. He points out that the combination of cooling plus oil vapor lubrication supplies the factor which has produced superior results.</div></div>
PingPongPlus (1999)

This paper introduces a novel interface for digitally-augmented cooperative play. We present the concept of the athletic-tangible interface, a new class of interaction which uses tangible objects and full-body motion in physical spaces with digital augmentation. We detail the implementation of PingPongPlus, a reactive ping-pong table, which features a novel sound-based ball tracking technology. The game is augmented and transformed with dynamic graphics and sound, determined by the position of impact, and the rhythm and style of play. A variety of different modes of play and initial experiences with PingPongPlus are also described.
Properties and Gap-Fill Capability of HPD-CVD Phosphosilicate Glass Films for Subquarter-Micrometer ULSI Device Technology (1999)

Properties of phosphosilicate glass films deposited at high‐density plasma (HDP) conditions have been studied for film application as a premetal dielectric in subquarter‐micrometer ultralarge scale integration (ULSI) device technology. Films were more dense and more stable compared to borophosphosilicate glass films, and provided void‐free gap‐fill for "rectangular" in section device structures with gap spacing and aspect ratio . Results of gap‐fill capability study and previously published data have been described with empirical linear dependence where k was found to be a function of HDP chemical vapor deposition (HDP‐CVD) conditions. It has been shown that to achieve void‐free gap‐fill capability of films for structures with gaps as low as and aspect ratios about four and higher, top comer rounding of structures and sidewall slope less than 90° must be implemented. An approach to evaluate an impact of structure rounding in HDP‐CVD gap‐fill capability has been proposed. ©2000 The Electrochemical Society
Bidding Languages and Winner Determination for Mixed Multi-unit Combinatorial Auctions. (2006)

A combinatorial auction (CA) is an auction where bidders can buy (or sell) entire bundles of goods in a single transaction. Although computationally very complex, selling items in bundles has the great advantage of eliminating the risk for a bidder of not being able to obtain complementary items at a reasonable price in a follow-up auction (think of a combinatorial auction for a pair of shoes, as opposed to two consecutive single-item auctions for each of the individual shoes). The study of the mathematical, game-theoretical and algorithmic properties of combinatorial auctions has recently become a popular research topic in AI. This is due not only to their relevance to important application areas such as electronic commerce or supply chain management, but also to the range of deep research questions raised by this auction model. In our work [1] we introduce a generalisation of the standard model of combinatorial auctions and discuss the issues of bidding and winner determination. Winner determination is the problem, faced by the auctioneer, of choosing which goods to award to which bidder so as to maximise its revenue. Bidding is the process of transmitting one’s valuation function over the set of goods on offer to the auctioneer. In principle, it does not matter how the valuation function is being encoded, as long as sender (bidder) and receiver (auctioneer) agree on the semantics of what is being transmitted, i.e. as long as the auctioneer can understand the message(s) sent by the bidder. In practice,
Evaluation of tocilizumab therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis based on FDG-PET/CT (2014)

A reduction in the FDG uptake was observed at three and six months after the initiation of TCZ therapy. The disease activity estimated on FDG-PET/CT matched the conventional parameters following the TCZ therapy in RA patients.
alpha-Amanitin uptake into hepatocytes. Identification of hepatic membrane transport systems used by amatoxins. (1986)

Hepatic transport studies with amatoxins, toxic bicyclic octapeptides from poisonous mushrooms of the genus Amanita were performed, using [(6'-O,1'-N-di[3H]methyl)trp4]-alpha-amanitin and [(6'-O,1'-N-di-methyl)trp4]-[4-[3H]desmethyl)hyi3]-gamma-ama nitin. Uptake into hepatocytes from rat liver was inhibited by taurocholate and antamanide. Photoaffinity labeling studies with isolated hepatocytes and basolateral plasma membranes, using the sodium salt of (7,7-azo-3 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-[3 beta-3H]cholan-24-oyl)-2- aminoethanesulfonic acid demonstrated that the presence of alpha-amanitin decreased the labeling of the two sinusoidal bile salt-binding membrane polypeptides with the apparent molecular weights of 54,000 and 48,000. In basolateral plasma membrane vesicles amanitin uptake was temperature-dependent and could be stimulated 1.5 to 2-fold by an out to in Na+ gradient as compared to a K+ gradient or sucrose and 2 to 2.5-fold as compared to amanitin equilibration (overshoot). Kinetic studies proved saturability of amanitin uptake in the presence and absence of a Na+ gradient. Membrane transport could be inhibited by taurocholate, antamanide, phalloidin, prednisolone, and silybin, but not by penicillin G or thioctic acid. Hepatic uptake of amatoxins is mediated by the sinusoidal bile salt-transport systems which are also involved in the uptake of antamanide and phalloidin. This supports the concept of a multispecificity of hepatic transport systems for a wide variety of amphipathic molecules.
Atomic-level insights in optimizing reaction paths for hydroformylation reaction over Rh/CoO single-atom catalyst (2016)

Rh-based heterogeneous catalysts generally have limited selectivity relative to their homogeneous counterparts in hydroformylation reactions despite of the convenience of catalyst separation in heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we develop CoO-supported Rh single-atom catalysts (Rh/CoO) with remarkable activity and selectivity towards propene hydroformylation. By increasing Rh mass loading, isolated Rh atoms switch to aggregated clusters of different atomicity. During the hydroformylation, Rh/CoO achieves the optimal selectivity of 94.4% for butyraldehyde and the highest turnover frequency number of 2,065 h<sup>-1</sup> among the obtained atomic-scale Rh-based catalysts. Mechanistic studies reveal that a structural reconstruction of Rh single atoms in Rh/CoO occurs during the catalytic process, facilitating the adsorption and activation of reactants. In kinetic view, linear products are determined as the dominating products by analysing reaction paths deriving from the two most stable co-adsorbed configurations. As a bridge of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, single-atom catalysts can be potentially applied in other industrial reactions.
A combined travelling wave dielectrophoresis and electrorotation device: applied to the concentration and viability determination of<i>Cryptosporidium</i> (1997)

We describe a microelectrode device, fabricated using photolithography and laser ablation, that combines the electrokinetic effects of travelling wave dielectrophoresis and electrorotation. Here it has been used to concentrate and then assay the viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts.
Operational procedure toward the classification of chemical oscillators (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOperational procedure toward the classification of chemical oscillatorsM. Eiswirth, A. Freund, and John RossCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 3, 1294–1299Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100156a048https://doi.org/10.1021/j100156a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
APPLICATIONS OF DYNAMIC MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING SYSTEMS FOR FRESH RED MEATS: REVIEW<sup>3</sup> (1994)

ABSTRACT Shelf‐life and quality of fresh red meat can be extended by using modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) coupled with refrigerated storage. MAP with elevated levels of carbon dioxide and reduced levels of oxygen inhibits the growth of various aerobic spoilage bacteria and prolongs color stability of fresh red meat. However, in‐package headspace conditions are dynamic because of permeability of packaging films, microbial growth, pigment oxidation, gas absorption and mobilization in meat, and lipid oxidation. To further extend the shelf‐life and quality of meat, dynamic MAP systems are required to respond to the changes in packaged meat. This review focuses on the changing conditions within the microenvironment of packaged meat. The growth of microorganisms, meat pigment oxidation, and carbon dioxide absorption in MAP fresh red meats are considered. Examples of various dynamic MAP systems currently in use are given, along with the specific requirements of each system regarding meat fabrication, packaging, distribution, and display. Mathematical models, as a tool to understand in‐package micro‐environment modifications over time and how these changes influence meat quality and shelf‐life, are also discussed.
Characterization and mapping of temperature-sensitive division initiation mutations of Bacillus subtilis (1981)

Two temperature-sensitive, filamenting mutants of Bacillus subtilis (ts1 and ts12) have been shown to be defective in the initiation of septation. Recombination index mapping showed that these mutations mapped in two different but closely linked genes. A third proposed initiation mutation, tms-12, probably maps in the same gene as ts12. Another proposed initiation mutation was not linked with these genes by transformation, indicating that there was a minimum of three genes involved in the initiation of division. PBS1 transduction mapping located these three genes close to the pyr cluster.
Distance Measures for Layout-Based Document Image Retrieval (2006)

Most methods for document image retrieval rely solely on text information to find similar documents. This paper describes a way to use layout information for document image retrieval instead. A new class of distance measures is introduced for documents with Manhattan layouts, based on a two-step procedure: First, the distances between the blocks of two layouts are calculated. Then, the blocks of one layout are assigned to the blocks of the other layout in a matching step. Different block distances and matching methods are compared and evaluated using the publicly available MARG database. On this dataset, the layout type can be determined successfully in 92.6% of the cases using the best distance measure in a nearest neighbor classifier. The experiments show that the best distance measure for this task is the overlapping area combined with the Manhattan distance of the corner points as block distance together with the minimum weight edge cover matching
A metal-insulator-silicon junction seal (1968)

Most semiconductor devices today have a costly vacuum-tight encapsulation that provides a microenvironment for high reliability and electrical connections to the circuit in which it is used. A junction seal consisting of a metal-insulator-silicon (MIS) system of materials has been developed to replace the vacuum-tight encapsulation. The MIS junction seal, consisting of platinum silicide-titanium-platinum-gold contacts and a Silicon nitride overcoat, provides the necessary encapsulation for high reliability. Electrical and mechanical connections are provided by gold beam-deads. During fabrication, the contact windows are opened in the deposited silicon nitride layer either by etching with boiling phosphoric acid using SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> as a mask or by anodically converting the silicon nitride in the windows to a soluble oxide. The multilayer contact is then applied to complete the junction seal. The initial characteristics of sealed-junction transistors fabricated by the above methods were similar to those of the unsealed transistors. The reliability of the sealed-junction transistors determined by accelerated aging after an intentional sodium contaminafion of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> atoms/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> surpassed that of the standard silicon planar transistors sealed in a vacuum-tight enclosure.
Cetirizine and pseudoephedrine retard, given alone or in combination, in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. (1997)

We compared the efficacy and safety of cetirizine (5 mg), pseudoephedrine retard (120 mg), and the combination of cetirizine (5 mg) with pseudoephedrine retard (120 mg), each given twice daily for two weeks to subjects with pollen-associated allergic rhinitis. The study was multicentre and of randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design. Five rhinitis symptoms were rated according to severity on a scale of 0 - 3, daily by patients and at each clinic visit by investigators. A total of 687 patients, aged 9 - 66 years (mean: 32 years) was randomised to treatment (cetirizine: 231; pseudoephedrine: 226; combination: 230). On entry, the three groups were comparable in relevant respects. The primary outcome measure was based on the five symptoms assessed by the patients over the 2-week treatment period. The combination was more effective, providing at least 20% more "comfortable days" (symptoms absent or at most mild) than cetirizine or pseudoephedrine given alone (median values: 53.3%, 30.8%, and 33.3%, respectively; p < 0.001). For nasal obstruction, the combination (mean score: 1.19) was more effective than cetirizine (mean score: 1.43; p = 0.0005), but there was little difference between the combination and pseudoephedrine (mean score: 1.22; not significant). Sneezing, rhinorrhoea, nasal and ocular pruritus were better controlled by combination (mean 4-symptom score: 0.77) than by pseudoephedrine alone (mean 4-symptom score: 1.12; p < 0.001) and also better than by cetirizine alone (mean 4-symptom score: 0.93; p < 0.001). No unexpected adverse reactions were observed. A combination of cetirizine and pseudoephedrine retard is well tolerated and superior to each given alone for moderate to severe allergic seasonal rhinitis, especially when nasal obstruction is a predominant symptom.
Maturation of Peyer's patch dendritic cells <i>in vitro</i> upon stimulation via cytokines or CD40 triggering (1997)

In mouse Peyer's patches (PP), dendritic cells (DC) are localized in T cell areas as NLDC145+ CD11c+ cells, and in the dome and corona region of the follicle as NLDC145- CD11c+ cells, respectively, suggesting the presence of two different DC populations with distinct roles in antigen uptake, processing, and presentation. However, it is not clear how this relates to DC maturation. In this report, we demonstrate that freshly-isolated CD11c+ DC have the properties of immature DC since they endocytose soluble antigens, phagocytose particulate material such as latex beads, synthetize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and invariant chain, but, at the same time, display low stimulatory activity for resting T cells, as shown in mixed-lymphocyte reaction and oxidative mitogenesis assays. When cultured for 24 h in the presence of the cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor or anti-CD40, the cells undergo dramatic phenotypic and functional changes characteristic of DC maturation. After 24 h stimulation in vitro, CD11c+ cells lose the ability to take up proteins such as ovalbumin, and in parallel with this decline, the biosynthesis of MHC class II and invariant chain is dramatically down-regulated or eliminated. On the other hand cells treated in vitro exhibit on the cell surface higher levels of MHC class II, of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86), of adhesion molecules (CD44, intercellular adhesion molecule-1), and acquire expression of the interdigitating DC surface marker NLDC145. Concomitantly, the ability to stimulate naive T cells drastically increased after in vitro treatment with both stimuli. Taken together, our results indicate that the majority of DC in the PP are immature in terms of their antigen-uptake capacity. These sentinel antigen presenting cells are strategically positioned at the dome region of PP, where antigens are transcytosed via the M cells from the gut lumen. A second population of mature interdigitating NLDC145+ CD11c+ DC stimulates naive unprimed T cells in interfollicular areas by up-regulation of surface ligands and accessory signals.
Photo-Polymer Objective Lens for Red Blue Lasers (2000)

The authors designed a photo-polymer objective lens which can be used for both red and blue lasers. The following two conditions were set to facilitate this lens production process. 1) We chose photo-polymer resin as one of the doublet lens materials. 2) One surface of the photo-polymer lens was designed to be flat. We installed this lens in pickup heads and played back some disks. Its performance was almost as good as that of a noncompatible glass lens.
Effect of urethane groups on the reaction of alcohols with isocyanates (1968)

Abstract Recently Reegen and Frisch reported the urethane catalysis of the alcohol–isocyanate reaction. We have made similar observations on a broader variety of reactants and catalysts including mono‐ and polyfunctional reactants, and tertiary amine, cobalt salt, and tin salt catalysts. We have found that the point in the reaction when urethane catalysis occurs is a function of the catalyst, the number of hydroxyl groups in the alcohol, and the effect of the interaction of the catalyst, alcohol, and isocyanate on the geometry of the reactive complex.
Topography of the Leydig cell mitochondrial peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (1994)

Native MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cell mitochondrial preparations were examined by transmission electron (TEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopic procedures in order to investigate the topography and organization of the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). Mitochondria were immunolabeled with an anti-PBR antiserum coupled to gold-labeled secondary antibodies. Results obtained indicate that the 18,000 MW PBR protein is organized in clusters of 4-6 molecules. Moreover, on many occasions, the interrelationship among the PBR molecules was found to favor the formation of a single pore. Taking into account recent observations that the 18,000 MW PBR protein is functionally associated with the pore forming 34,000 MW voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) these results suggest that (i) the mitochondrial PBR complex could function as a pore, thus allowing the translocation of cholesterol and other molecules to the inner mitochondrial membrane, and (ii) the native receptor is a multimeric complex of an approximate 140,000 MW composed on an average of five 18,000 PBR subunits, one 34,000 VDAC subunit, and associated lipids.
Unique Biological Activity of Botulinum D/C Mosaic Neurotoxin in Murine Species (2012)

Clostridium botulinum types C and D cause animal botulism by the production of serotype-specific or mosaic botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). The D/C mosaic BoNT (BoNT/DC), which is produced by the isolate from bovine botulism in Japan, exhibits the highest toxicity to mice among all BoNTs. In contrast, rats appeared to be very resistant to BoNT/DC in type C and D BoNTs and their mosaic BoNTs. We attempted to characterize the enzymatic and receptor-binding activities of BoNT/DC by comparison with those of type C and D BoNTs (BoNT/C and BoNT/D). BoNT/DC and D showed similar toxic effects on cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) derived from the mouse, but the former showed less toxicity to rat CGCs. In recombinant murine-derived vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP), the enzymatic activities of both BoNTs to rat isoform 1 VAMP (VAMP1) were lower than those to the other VAMP homologues. We then examined the physiological significance of gangliosides as the binding components for types C and D, and mosaic BoNTs. BoNT/DC and C were found to cleave an intracellular substrate of PC12 cells upon the exogenous addition of GM1a and GT1b gangliosides, respectively, suggesting that each BoNT recognizes a different ganglioside moiety. The effect of BoNT/DC on glutamate release from CGCs was prevented by cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB) but not by a site-directed mutant of CTB that did not bind to GM1a. Bovine adrenal chromaffin cells appeared to be more sensitive to BoNT/DC than to BoNT/C and D. These results suggest that a unique mechanism of receptor binding of BoNT/DC may differentially regulate its biological activities in animals.
High efficiency 1.3 μm strained multi-quantum well lasers entirely grown by MOVPE for passive optical network use (2002)

A high efficiency of 0.4 W/A at 85/spl deg/C, the highest ever reported for InGaAsP MQW-LDs entirely grown by MOVPE, was realized. The efficiency change was a low 2.5 dB over -40 to +85/spl deg/C for a surface-mount module.