gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic nanoparticles penetrate leaves and deliver nutrients to agricultural crops (2018)

As the world population grows, there is a need for efficient agricultural technologies to provide global food requirements and reduce environmental toll. In medicine, nanoscale drug delivery systems grant improved therapeutic precision by overcoming biological barriers and enhancing drug targeting to diseased tissues. Here, we loaded nanoscale drug-delivery systems with agricultural nutrients, and applied them to the leaves of tomato plants. We show that the nanoparticles - liposomes composed of plant-derived lipids, penetrate the leaf and translocate in a bidirectional manner, distributing to other leaves and to the roots. The liposomes were then internalized by the plant cells, where they released their active ingredient. Up to 33% of the applied nanoparticles penetrated the leaf, compared to less than one percent of free-molecules applied in a similar manner. In our study, tomato plants treated with liposomes loaded with Fe and Mg overcame acute nutrient deficiency which was not treatable using ordinary agricultural nutrients. Furthermore, to address regulatory concerns regarding airborne nanoparticles, we rationally designed liposomes that were stable only over short spraying distances (less than 2 meters), while the liposomes disintegrated into safe molecular building blocks (phospholipids) over longer airborne distances. These findings support expanding the implementation of nanotechnology for delivering micronutrients to agricultural crops for increasing yield.
Sentic API: A common-sense based API for concept-level sentiment analysis (2014)

The bag-of-concepts model can represent semantics associated with natural language text much better than bags-of-words. In the bag-of-words model, in fact, a concept such as cloud_computing would be split into two separate words, disrupting the semantics of the input sentence. Working at concept-level is important for tasks such as opinion mining, especially in the case of microblogging analysis. In this work, we present Sentic API, a common-sense based application programming interface for concept-level senti-ment analysis, which provides semantics and sentics (that is, deno-tative and connotative information) associated with 15,000 natural language concepts.
Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the human gene for the brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (1992)

Journal Article Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the human gene for the brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Get access Michael Pröschel, Michael Pröschel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Saunders, A. Saunders 1Department of Neurology, Duke UniversityDurham, NC 27710, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.D. Roses, A.D. Roses Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C.R. Möller C.R. Möller * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 1, Issue 5, August 1992, Page 353, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/1.5.353-a Published: 01 August 1992
Liquid-Phase Deposition of Silicon-Dioxide Films using Tetra-Ethyl Orthosilicate (1998)

Silicon-dioxide films have been liquid-phase deposited from a halogen-free silicon source. Tetra-ethyl orthosilicate was introduced, for deposition, into water with NH 3 and HCOOH. The deposition rate was as high as 150 nm/h. The deposited film was stoichiometric SiO 2 with no C and N. The film properties are also discussed.
Comparative efficacy of gemifloxacin in experimental models of pyelonephritis and wound infection (2000)

Gemifloxacin (SB-265805) is a potent, novel fluoroquinolone with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this study, the efficacy of gemifloxacin was studied in experimental models of Gram-negative pyelonephritis (caused by Escherichia coli or Proteus mirabilis) and Gram-positive wound infection resulting from Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis or Staphylococcus aureus. Gemifloxacin activity against these pathogens was compared with those of amoxycillin-clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, azithromycin, trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin and tosufloxacin. Oral treatment was initiated 1 h after infection and continued once or twice daily for 3 days. Around 17 h after the end of treatment, animals were killed and the infected kidneys or the skin around the wound site were excised for the enumeration of viable bacteria. In the pyelonephritis model (either microorganism), gemifloxacin reduced bacterial numbers significantly (P < 0.01) compared with no treatment. No comparator agent had a greater effect than gemifloxacin. Notably, grepafloxacin and azithromycin were significantly less effective (P < 0.01) than gemifloxacin against E. coli pyelonephritis, and amoxycillin-clavulanate, azithromycin and trovafloxacin were inferior (P < 0.01) against P. mirabilis infection. In the S. pyogenes wound infection model, gemifloxacin, amoxycillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime and azithromycin reduced bacterial numbers significantly compared with controls (P < 0.01). Results for the comparator quinolones were not significantly different from untreated controls (P > 0.05). Gemifloxacin was also effective against staphylococcal infection, as were grepafloxacin and levofloxacin, while ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin and tosufloxacin were significantly less effective against these pathogens than gemifloxacin (P < 0.01). No comparator agent had greater activity than gemifloxacin against S. pyogenes or S. aureus infections. These data demonstrate the potential benefit of gemifloxacin in the treatment of Gram-negative urinary tract infection and Gram-positive skin and soft tissue infection.
Thioridazine and sexual dysfunction (1976)

The authors found a 60% incidence of difficulties in sexual functioning in 57 male patients who had taken thioridazine. Ejaculatory problems were the most frequent dysfunction; a third of these patients experienced retrograde ejaculation. The incidence of sexual difficulties in 64 patients who had taken other major tranquilizers was only 25%. None of the latter group experienced retrograde ejaculation-most had difficulty achieving and maintaining erection. The authors recommend consideration of the possibility of sexual dysfunction in patients given thioridazine.
Onychomycosis: predisposed populations and some predictors of suboptimal response to oral antifungal agents. (1999)

The population groups predisposed to onychomycosis and factors associated with a poor response to antifungal therapy may be subdivided into (a) genetic, (b) environmental, (c) systemic conditions, (d) local nail characteristics, and (e) other miscellaneous items. By paying attention to the scenarios that may lead to a suboptimal response to the therapy and a higher probability of relapse of the onychomycosis, it may be possible to improve the overall cost-effectiveness of treatments for onychomycosis. Besides attempting to achieve a cure when treating onychomycosis it is important to take steps to prevent reinfection with fungal organisms.
Evaluation of topical ibuprofen cream in the treatment of acute ankle sprains. (1994)

One hundred patients who presented to the accident and emergency (A&E) department with an acute ankle sprain were entered into a study to determine the efficacy of topical ibuprofen cream by using a double-blind placebo controlled design in a single type of soft-tissue injury. The subjects were given either topical ibuprofen cream or a placebo cream in addition to the standard management of the department. Patients kept diaries recording walking ability and pain visual analogue scales for resting, standing and walking. A total of 51 patients returned diaries that were suitable for analysis. Patients using the topical ibuprofen cream had significant reduction in pain scores over the first 48 h of treatment.
A dexterity measure for trajectory planning and kinematic design of redundant manipulators (2003)

A novel measure for end-effector dexterity called stochastic manipulability is proposed. This index is based on a kinematic value that is invariable according to the degrees of freedom (DOFs) of manipulator mechanisms and those of task spaces. The harmonic mean manipulability index is improved by normalizing the measure through stochastic consideration of manipulator motion and by adopting the average of joint speeds in place of the sum. This measure can compare the dexterities of manipulators having various DOFs. Therefore, the measure is effective not only for trajectory planning but also for kinematic design by simulation comparisons. The application to 2-DOF and 3-DOF planar manipulators demonstrates the usefulness of the index.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characteristics of semi-insulating, Fe-doped GaN substrates (2003)

Semi-insulating freestanding GaN substrates were produced by hydride vapor phase epitaxy using intentionally introduced iron impurity atoms to compensate residual donors in GaN. Variable temperature resistivity measurements determined the resistivity of an iron-doped GaN sample to be ∼3 × 105 Ω cm at 250 °C. The activation energy of the carrier was 0.51 eV and room temperature resistivity was determined to be ∼2 × 109 Ω cm at room temperature by linear fitting and extrapolation to room temperature. Near-infrared photoluminescence at 1.6 K exhibited sharp emission at 1.3 eV, associated with the 4T1(G) →6A1(S) internal transition of the Fe3+ charge state. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficient Microwave Assisted Syntheses of 2,5-Diketopiperazines in Aqueous Media (2009)

Aqueous in situ one-pot N-Boc-deprotection-cyclization of N alpha-Boc-dipeptidyl-tert-butyl and methyl esters under microwave irradiation afforded 2,5-diketopiperazines (DKPs) in excellent yields. This protocol is rapid, safe, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient, and showed that the tert-butoxy moiety is also an excellent leaving group for these cyclizations.
GIS Applications in Real Estate and Related Industries (1998)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have many applications in the real estate industry—an industry inherently spatial in nature—enabling real estate professionals to measure the true impact of location and thus make appropriate judgments in many areas, including residential brokerage, appraisal, and market analysis. This article assesses how GIS will affect real estate and closely related industries and provides a critical review of GIS business applications serving to effect that change.GIS technology will lead to increased productivity in many industry operations and to greater accuracy and timeliness of information for both professionals and the general public. As its full potential is realized, the market will move to higher levels of efficiency, which may ultimately drive down the cost of real estate transactions. There should also be a reduction in traditional information arbitrage of real estate, where inside information or market knowledge historically has allowed for unusually large real estate returns.
Determination of Peroxygen Species Present in Pulp Fiber Matrixes (1998)

A new chromatographic method for the determination of oxidants, such as peroxyborates and peroxides, present in a pulp matrix has been developed. The new method is characterized by its high reproducibility, its low limit of detection, and its high selectivity. Thioanisole (methylphenyl sulfide) is shown to selectively and quantitatively react with oxidants that are present within a pulp matrix. The experimental protocol proposed requires an HPLC system with a normal-phase column. The method allows for the quantitative monitoring of the thioanisole starting material, as well as the products of oxidation, methylphenyl sulfoxide and methylphenyl sulfone. After a 2-day reaction period, the analysis time for a sample is less than 20 min. The detection limit is 2.7 × 10(-6) M for the sulfoxide and sulfone and less than 5.0 × 10(-7) M for the thioanisole. This novel approach for monitoring oxidants present on solid lignocellulosic matrixes may provide pulp and paper manufacturers with a new tool for the study of the long-term bleaching effectiveness of peroxy-containing chemical additives.
Phase II trial of chemoembolization for the treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the liver and review of the literature (1998)

Chemoembolization is a feasible treatment modality for patients with colorectal carcinoma metastasis to the liver who have experienced failure with other systemic treatments. It results in high response rates with transient mild-to-moderate toxicity. Responses are measured in months, however, and all patients have eventual progression of disease. Patients who are able to undergo three or more chemoembolization procedures may receive the most clinical benefit.
Structured light system calibration method with optimal fringe angle (2014)

For structured light system calibration, one popular approach is to treat the projector as an inverse camera. This is usually performed by projecting horizontal and vertical sequences of patterns to establish one-to-one mapping between camera points and projector points. However, for a well-designed system, either horizontal or vertical fringe images are not sensitive to depth variation and thus yield inaccurate mapping. As a result, the calibration accuracy is jeopardized if a conventional calibration method is used. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a novel calibration method based on optimal fringe angle determination. Experiments demonstrate that our calibration approach can increase the measurement accuracy up to 38% compared to the conventional calibration method with a calibration volume of 300(H) mm×250(W) mm×500(D) mm.
Molecular Biology of Mineralocorticoid Metabolism (1996)

Mineralocorticoids are adrenal steroid hormones that regulate the retention of sodium by the kidney and, hence, are crucial in the regulation of sodium balance, intravascular volume, and blood pressure. The molecular biology of mineralocorticoid biosynthesis and action has only recently been elucidated. The genes encoding the various enzymes that convert cholesterol to mineralocorticoids have now been cloned. This has revealed the molecular basis of several inherited forms of mineralocorticoid excess, which cause hypertension, and several forms of mineralocorticoid deficiency, which cause salt loss. The cloning of the mineralocorticoid receptor revealed a paradox. Both the mineralocorticoid and the glucocorticoid receptor are activated equally by cortisol, even though cortisol has very modest mineralocorticoid activity. This is explained by the cloning of two genes for the enzyme 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD). Type-II 11 beta HSD, found primarily in the kidney, irreversibly converts cortisol to cortisone, which does not activate the mineralocorticoid receptor. Type-II 11 beta HSD thus defends the mineralocorticoid receptor from being activated by the very high concentrations of cortisol in the blood. Recent studies in genetically hypertensive rats suggest that other enzymes or factors that regulate salt balance may remain undiscovered. Thus the study of mineralocorticoid biosynthesis and action remains one of the most promising approaches to understanding hypertension.
Nuclear transplantation of rat embryos (1988)

Abstract The nuclei from one‐, two‐, four‐, and eight‐cell rat embryos were transferred into enucleated zygotes and development to term of the reconstituted embryos, after transfer to recipients, was examined. The rate of electrofusion of enucleated zygotes with karyoplasts was quite high (81–92%), but the fusion rate was only 8% when Sendai virus (HVJ) was used. A large percentage of the enucleated zygotes that received pronuclear karyoplasts developed to the two‐cell stage in vitro (89%) and to term (22%) after transfer to recipient rats. Although 67%, 57%, and 67% of enucleated zygotes receiving nuclei from two‐, four‐ and eight‐cell embryos, respectively, developed to the two‐cell stage, they failed to develop to term after transfer.
M&M: Masks and Macs against Physical Attacks (2018)

Cryptographic implementations on embedded systems need to be protected against physical attacks. Today, this means that apart from incorporating countermeasures against side-channel analysis, implementations must also withstand fault attacks and combined attacks. Recent proposals in this area have shown that there is a big tradeoff between the implementation cost and the strength of the adversary model. In this work, we introduce a new combined countermeasure M&M that combines Masking with information-theoretic MAC tags and infective computation. It works in a stronger adversary model than the existing scheme ParTI, yet is a lot less costly to implement than the provably secure MPC-based scheme CAPA. We demonstrate M&M with a SCA- and DFA-secure implementation of the AES block cipher. We evaluate the side-channel leakage of the second-order secure design with a non-specific t-test and use simulation to validate the fault resistance.
Recommendations for the administration of influenza vaccine in children allergic to egg (2009)

#### Summary points

Egg allergy affects about 2.6% of preschool children by 3 years of age, and influenza immunisation using egg based vaccines has been classified as a “relative contraindication” (prescribe with extra caution) in this patient group.1 Until now the numbers of children with egg allergy requiring immunisation has been low, but this may change with the potential for a mass immunisation campaign. This article reviews the literature on the safety of flu vaccines and provides guidelines for the administration of these vaccines to children with egg allergy. Although egg-free flu vaccines are expected to be available for this season, the provision of sufficient amounts of this vaccine cannot be guaranteed at the time of writing, and a pragmatic strategy for the safe immunisation of children with egg allergy is required.

We identified articles using PubMed and the search terms “influenza” and “egg allergy”. We identified further references within relevant papers. We found two randomised clinical trials, but most evidence comes from small case series.

This season two varieties of flu vaccine will be available: a pandemic A/H1N1 strain and the normal trivalent seasonal flu vaccine that will contain an A/H1N1 virus but will not protect against the pandemic …
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-δ isoform regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation (2007)

There is accumulating evidence that Ca(2+)-dependent signaling pathways regulate proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells, contributing to the intimal accumulation of VSM that is a hallmark of many vascular diseases. In this study we investigated the role of the multifunctional serine/threonine kinase, calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), as a mediator of Ca(2+) signals regulating VSM cell proliferation. Differentiated VSM cells acutely isolated from rat aortic media express primarily CaMKIIgamma gene products, whereas passaged primary cultures of de-differentiated VSM cells express primarily CaMKIIdelta(2), a splice variant of the delta gene. Experiments examining the time course of CaMKII isoform modulation revealed the process was rapid in onset following initial dispersion and primary culture of aortic VSM with a significant increase in CaMKIIdelta(2) protein and a significant decrease in CaMKIIgamma protein within 30 h, coinciding with the onset of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Attenuating the initial upregulation of CaMKIIdelta(2) in primary cultured cells using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in decreased serum-stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in primary culture. In passaged VSM cells, suppression of CaMKIIdelta(2) activity by overexpression of a kinase-negative mutant, or suppression of endogenous CaMKII content using multiple siRNAs, significantly attenuated serum-stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis following either inhibitory approach indicated decreased proportion of cells in G1, an increase in proportion of cells in G2/M, and an increase in polyploidy, corresponding with accumulation of multinucleated cells. These results indicate that CaMKIIdelta(2) is specifically induced during modulation of VSM cells to the synthetic phenotypic and is a positive regulator of serum-stimulated proliferation.
Class Size and Achievement in Higher Education: A Summary of Current Research (2002)

One of the challenges of the post-genomic era is to provide accurate function annotations for large volumes of data resulting from genome sequencing projects. Most function prediction servers utilize methods that transfer existing database annotations between orthologous sequences. In contrast, there are few methods that are independent of homology and can annotate distant and orphan protein sequences. The FFPred server adopts a machine-learning approach to perform function prediction in protein feature space using feature characteristics predicted from amino acid sequence. The features are scanned against a library of support vector machines representing over 300 Gene Ontology (GO) classes and probabilistic confidence scores returned for each annotation term. The GO term library has been modelled on human protein annotations; however, benchmark performance testing showed robust performance across higher eukaryotes. FFPred offers important advantages over traditional function prediction servers in its ability to annotate distant homologues and orphan protein sequences, and achieves greater coverage and classification accuracy than other feature-based prediction servers. A user may upload an amino acid and receive annotation predictions via email. Feature information is provided as easy to interpret graphics displayed on the sequence of interest, allowing for back-interpretation of the associations between features and function classes.
Nuclear targeting of the tegument protein pp65 (UL83) of human cytomegalovirus: an unusual bipartite nuclear localization signal functions with other portions of the protein to mediate its efficient nuclear transport (1995)

Large amounts of pp65 (UL83) of human cytomegalovirus are translocated to the cell nucleus during the first minutes after uptake of the tegument protein from infecting viral particles. Two stretches of basic amino acids which resembled nuclear localization signals (NLS) of both the simian virus 40 type and the bipartite type were found in the primary structure of pp65. Deletion of these sequences significantly impaired nuclear localization of the truncated proteins after transient expression. The results indicated that both elements contributed to the nuclear localization of the protein. When fused to the bacterial beta-galactosidase, only one of the two basic elements was sufficient to mediate nuclear translocation. This element consisted of two clusters of basic amino acids (boxes C and D), which were separated by a short spacer sequence. In contrast to other bipartite NLS of animal cells, both basic boxes C and D functioned independently in nuclear transport, thus resembling simian virus 40-type NLS. Yet, complete translocation of beta-galactosidase was only found in the bipartite configuration. When both boxes C and D were fused, thereby deleting the intervening sequences, the nuclear transport of beta-galactosidase was reduced to levels seen with constructs in which only one of the boxes was present. Appropriate spacing, therefore, was important but not absolutely required. This was in contrast with results for other bipartite NLS, in which spacer deletions led to complete cytoplasmic retention. The presented results demonstrate that efficient nuclear transport of pp65 is mediated by one dominant NLS and additional targeting sequences. The major NLS of pp65 is an unusual signal sequence composed of two weak NLS which function together as one strong bipartite nuclear targeting signal.