gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Industrial and environmental applications of halophilic microorganisms (2010)

In comparison with the thermophilic and the alkaliphilic extremophiles, halophilic microorganisms have as yet found relatively few biotechnological applications. Halophiles are involved in centuries-old processes such as the manufacturing of solar salt from seawater and the production of traditional fermented foods. Two biotechnological processes involving halophiles are highly successful: the production of beta-carotene by the green alga Dunaliella and the production of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), used as a stabilizer for enzymes and now also applied in cosmetic products, from moderately halophilic bacteria. The potential use of bacteriorhodopsin, the retinal protein proton pump of Halobacterium, in optoelectronic devices and photochemical processes is being explored, and may well lead to commercial applications in the near future. Demand for salt-tolerant enzymes in current manufacturing or related processes is limited. Other possible uses of halophilic microorganisms such as treatment of saline and hypersaline wastewaters, and the production of exopolysaccharides, poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate bioplastics and biofuel are being investigated, but no large-scale applications have yet been reported.
Elimination of the asymmetry in neutral-carrier based solvent polymeric membranes induced by proteins (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElimination of the asymmetry in neutral-carrier based solvent polymeric membranes induced by proteinsLucas F. J. Duerselen, Dorothee. Wegmann, Kurt. May, Urs. Oesch, and Wilhelm. SimonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 14, 1455–1458Publication Date (Print):July 15, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00165a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00165a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vacuum ultraviolet thin films 1: Optical constants of BaF_2, CaF_2, LaF_3, MgF_2, Al_2O_3, HfO_2, and SiO_2 thin films (1990)

The optical constants of MgF(2) (bulk) and BaF(2), CaF(2), LaF(3), MgF(2), Al(2)O(3), HfO(2), and SiO(2) films deposited on MgF(2) substrates are determined from photometric measurements through an iteration process of matching calculated and measured values of the reflectance and transmittance in the 120-230-nm vacuum ultraviolet wavelength region. The potential use of the listed fluorides and oxides as vacuum ultraviolet coating materials is discussed in part 2 of this paper.
Hydrothermal Syntheses of Colloidal Carbon Spheres from Cyclodextrins (2008)

Colloidal carbon spheres have been prepared from aqueous α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin (CD) solutions in closed systems under hydrothermal conditions at 160 °C. Both liquid and solid-state 13C NMR spectra taken for samples at different reaction times have been used to monitor the dehydration and carbonization pathways. CD slowly hydrolyzes to glucose and forms 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) followed by carbonization into colloidal carbon spheres. The isolated carbon spheres are 70−150 nm in diameter, exhibit a core−shell structure, and are comprised of a condensed core (C═C) peppered with resident chemical functionalities including carboxylate and hydroxyl groups. Evidence from 13C solid-state NMR and FT-IR spectra reveal that the evolving carbon spheres show a gradual increase in the amount of aromatic carbon as a function of reaction time and that the carbon spheres generated from γ-CD contain significantly higher aromatic carbon than those derived from α- and β-CD.
Effects of Dentifrice Containing Hydroxyapatite on Dentinal Tubule Occlusion and Aqueous Hexavalent Chromium Cations Sorption: A Preliminary Study (2012)

In order to endow environmental protection features to dentifrice, hydroxyapatite (HA) was added to ordinary dentifrice. The effects on dentinal tubule occlusion and surface mineralization were compared after brushing dentine discs with dentifrice with or without HA. The two types of dentifrice were then added to 100 µg/ml of hexavalent chromium cation (Cr(6+)) solution in order to evaluate their capacities of adsorbing Cr(6+) from water. Our results showed that the dentifrice containing HA was significantly better than the ordinary dentifrice in occluding the dentinal tubules with a plugging rate greater than 90%. Moreover, the effect of the HA dentifrice was persistent and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) revealed that the atomic percentages of calcium and phosphorus on the surface of dentine discs increased significantly. Adding HA to ordinary dentifrice significantly enhanced the ability of dentifrice to adsorb Cr(6+) from water with the removal rate up to 52.36%. In addition, the sorption was stable. Our study suggests that HA can be added to ordinary dentifrice to obtain dentifrice that has both relieving dentin hypersensitivity benefits and also helps to control environmental pollution.
C7 is expressed on endothelial cells as a trap for the assembling terminal complement complex and may exert anti-inflammatory function (2009)

We describe a novel localization of C7 as a membrane-bound molecule on endothelial cells (ECs). Data obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blot analysis, Northern blot analysis, and mass spectrometry revealed that membrane-associated C7 (mC7) was indistinguishable from soluble C7 and was associated with vimentin on the cell surface. mC7 interacted with the other late complement components to form membrane-bound TCC (mTCC). Unlike the soluble SC5b-9, mTCC failed to stimulate ECs to express adhesion molecules, to secrete IL-8, and to induce albumin leakage through a monolayer of ECs, and more importantly protected ECs from the proinflammatory effect of SC5b-9. Our data disclose the possibility of a novel role of mC7 that acts as a trap for the late complement components to control excessive inflammation induced by SC5b-9.
From query to question in one click (2013)

In Web search, users may remain unsatisfied for several reasons: the search engine may not be effective enough or the query might not reflect their intent. Years of research focused on providing the best user experience for the data available to the search engine. However, little has been done to address the cases in which relevant content for the specific user need has not been posted on the Web yet. One obvious solution is to directly ask other users to generate the missing content using Community Question Answering services such as Yahoo! Answers or Baidu Zhidao. However, formulating a full-fledged question after having issued a query requires some effort. Some previous work proposed to automatically generate natural language questions from a given query, but not for scenarios in which a searcher is presented with a list of questions to choose from. We propose here to generate synthetic questions that can actually be clicked by the searcher so as to be directly posted as questions on a Community Question Answering service. This imposes new constraints, as questions will be actually shown to searchers, who will not appreciate an awkward style or redundancy. To this end, we introduce a learning-based approach that improves not only the relevance of the suggested questions to the original query, but also their grammatical correctness. In addition, since queries are often underspecified and ambiguous, we put a special emphasis on increasing the diversity of suggestions via a novel diversification mechanism. We conducted several experiments to evaluate our approach by comparing it to prior work. The experiments show that our algorithm improves question quality by 14% over prior work and that adding diversification reduced redundancy by 55%.
Noncontrast‐enhanced four‐dimensional MR angiography for the evaluation of cerebral arteriovenous malformation: A preliminary trial (2011)

NCE 4D MRA is a promising and potentially valuable method for noninvasive assessment of angioarchitecture and hemodynamics of cerebral AVMs. Further improvement of labeling persistence is desirable in order to enhance the depiction of draining veins for AVMs.
Ais data-driven general vessel destination prediction : a trajectory similarity-based approach (2019)

Shipping is one of the major transportation approaches around the world. With the growing demand for global shipping service, the vessel destination prediction has shown its significant role in improving the efficiency of decision making in industry and ensuring a safe and efficient maritime traffic environment. Currently, most vessel destination prediction methods focus on regional destination prediction, which has restrictions on destinations and regions. Thus, this thesis proposes a general AIS (Automatic Identification System) data-driven vessel destination prediction method. The proposed method first extracts the vessel's traveling trajectory and departure port from AIS records. The similarities between traveling and historical trajectories are then measured and utilized to predict the destination. The destination of the historical trajectory, which shares the highest similarity with the traveling trajectory, is predicted as the vessel's destination. Compared with related work that using maritime records as input and destination as output, the proposed method is more general, accurate, and updatable. In this thesis, a historical trajectory database was generated from more than 141 million AIS records, which covers 534,824 traveling patterns between ports and more than 5.9 million historical trajectories. Comparative studies were carried out to validate the performance of the proposed method, where eight state-of-the-art similarity measurement methods combined with two different decision strategies were implemented and compared. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed random forest-based model combined with the port frequency-based decision strategy achieves the best prediction accuracy on 35,937 testing trajectories.
Spatial Patterns of DNA Replication, Protein Synthesis, and Oxygen Concentration within Bacterial Biofilms Reveal Diverse Physiological States (2007)

It has long been suspected that microbial biofilms harbor cells in a variety of activity states, but there have been few direct experimental visualizations of this physiological heterogeneity. Spatial patterns of DNA replication and protein synthetic activity were imaged and quantified in staphylococcal biofilms using immunofluorescent detection of pulse-labeled DNA and also an inducible green fluorescent protein (GFP) construct. Stratified patterns of DNA synthetic and protein synthetic activity were observed in all three biofilm systems to which the techniques were applied. In a colony biofilm system, the dimensions of the zone of anabolism at the air interface ranged from 16 to 38 microm and corresponded with the depth of oxygen penetration measured with a microelectrode. A second zone of activity was observed along the nutrient interface of the biofilm. Much of the biofilm was anabolically inactive. Since dead cells constituted only 10% of the biofilm population, most of the inactive cells in the biofilm were still viable. Collectively, these results suggest that staphylococcal biofilms contain cells in at least four distinct states: growing aerobically, growing fermentatively, dead, and dormant. The variety of activity states represented in a biofilm may contribute to the special ecology and tolerance to antimicrobial agents of biofilms.
Detection of group B streptococci (GBS) in vaginal swabs using real-time PCR with TaqMan probe hybridization. (2004)

The real-time PCR assay was sensitive and rapid and enabled detection of GBS in less than 2 h after collection. Due to the rapidity of the assay by which results could be obtained, the assay harbors the potential for intrapartum detection of GBS.
Capsaicin Combined with Local Anesthetics Preferentially Prolongs Sensory/Nociceptive Block in Rat Sciatic Nerve (2008)

Both tertiary amine local anesthetics and their quaternary ammonium derivatives can elicit a predominantly sensory/nociceptor selective block when followed by injection of capsaicin. The combined application of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel agonists and various local anesthetics or their quaternary ammonium derivatives is an appealing strategy to achieve a long-lasting differential block in regional analgesia.
Heterogeneity of the γ-Globin Gene Sequences in Japanese Individuals: Implication of Gene Conversion in Generation of Polymorphisms1 (1989)

The linked fetal globin genes (the G gamma- and A gamma-globin genes) were cloned from Japanese individuals with three different haplotypes of the HindIII polymorphisms within the gamma-globin genes. Determination of nucleotide sequences of the segment spanning from IVS2 to the 3' flanking region of each gamma-globin gene revealed that nucleotide differences are located at 43 positions and a stretch of simple GT or GC sequences. Almost half of the nucleotide changes could be accounted for by gene conversion between the G gamma- and A gamma-globin genes. We found that gene conversion had created the SacI polymorphic site just downstream of the A gamma-globin coding region. Association of the SacI polymorphic site with the HindIII polymorphic site suggests that the region containing these two sites was derived from that of the linked G gamma-globin gene through a gene conversion event. The nucleotide sequences obtained here are identical to those of the Caucasoid fetal globin genes of the same haplotypes, with the exception of some sequence changes in the hot spots of mutations. These results indicate that the sequence heterogeneity of the gamma-globin genes can be classified into three major categories according to HindIII haplotypes. The possible mechanisms of generation of the heterogeneity of the gamma-globin gene sequences are discussed.
The Phenolic Hydroxyl Group of Carvacrol Is Essential for Action against the Food-Borne Pathogen <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (2002)

The natural antimicrobial compound carvacrol shows a high preference for hydrophobic phases. The partition coefficients of carvacrol in both octanol-water and liposome-buffer phases were determined (3.64 and 3.26, respectively). Addition of carvacrol to a liposomal suspension resulted in an expansion of the liposomal membrane. Maximum expansion was observed after the addition of 0.50 micromol of carvacrol/mg of L-alpha-phosphatidylethanolamine. Cymene, a biological precursor of carvacrol which lacks a hydroxyl group, was found to have a higher preference for liposomal membranes, thereby causing more expansion. The effect of cymene on the membrane potential was less pronounced than the effect of carvacrol. The pH gradient and ATP pools were not affected by cymene. Measurement of the antimicrobial activities of compounds similar to carvacrol (e.g., thymol, cymene, menthol, and carvacrol methyl ester) showed that the hydroxyl group of this compound and the presence of a system of delocalized electrons are important for the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol. Based on this study, we hypothesize that carvacrol destabilizes the cytoplasmic membrane and, in addition, acts as a proton exchanger, thereby reducing the pH gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane. The resulting collapse of the proton motive force and depletion of the ATP pool eventually lead to cell death.
Charging Effects in Low-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscope Metrology (1986)

Low voltage operation of the scanning electron microscope is being increasingly used to avoid negative charging in e-beam inspection and metrology. Positive charging effects, however, may still disturb the measurement accuracy even with low primary beam energies. Current investigations have revealed that no errors due to positive charging occur on resist structures on semiconductor substrates. But samples with metal structures on insulating substrates do involve disturbing effects due to positive charging. The difference in behavior between these groups of samples is attributed to the fundamental difference between insulator and conductor charging. This difference is due to different field geometries on the respective surfaces.
Circulating Somatostatin Acts on the Islets of Langerhans by Way of a Somatostatin-Poor Compartment (1982)

Somatostatin perfused in canine pancreases at 10 to 20 picograms per milliliter or 10 to 20 percent of the pancreatic vein somatostatin concentration inhibited insulin and glucagon secretion. This suggests that the high local concentration of endogenous somatostatin is not in contact with somatostatin receptors of the islets. The integrity of this separation may determine the sensitivity of islet cells to circulating somatostatin.
Mechanism of production and release of tumor necrosis factor implicated in inflammatory diseases. (2003)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent inflammatory cytokine involved in many pathophysiological conditions including rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. Despite recent evidence regarding signal transduction via TNF receptor and its biological actions, the mechanism of TNF release remains poorly understood. To clarify how production and release of TNF are regulated, we focused on mast cells and microglia which are involved in allergic inflammation and brain damage or recovery, respectively. In RBL-2H3 mast cells, anti-allergic drugs including azelastine inhibited the release of TNF more potently than degranulation in response to antigen or ionomycin. It was also demonstrated that TNF releasing steps are regulated via the PKC alpha-dependent pathway. Furthermore, Rho GTPases, possibly Rac, were shown to be involved in antigen-induced TNF transcription through activating PKC beta I. In cultured rat brain microglia, we found that extracellular ATP triggers the release of TNF via the P2X7 receptor. ERK and JNK are also involved in ATP-induced TNF transcription, while p38 regulates the transport of TNF mRNA from the nucleus to the cytosol. Additionally, JNK and p38, but not ERK, are activated via the P2X7 receptor. A better understanding of the specific pathways that regulate TNF release for each effector cell may offer further possible therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases.
Star Image Shape Transformer for Astronomical Slit Spectroscopy (2010)

"We present a new star image shape transformer for astronomical slit spectroscopy that consists of a plano-convex lens attached to a plane-parallel rectangular glass plate on one of the small sides, with the aim of improving the performance of spectrometric systems. The system transforms the shape of the objects into a rectangular form with the purpose of filling with light the entrance slit aperture in spectroscopic systems. The plate is set sidewise with the lens as the entrance aperture and the exit aperture of the plate is the illuminated slit seen by the spectrometric system. The aim of this transformer is also to maintain the beam characteristics, the intrinsic resolution of the spectrometers and to improve the throughput of the spectrometer and detector systems."
First Clinical Cases of OXA-48-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the United States: the “Menace” Arrives in the New World (2012)

ABSTRACT OXA-48 has emerged as a major carbapenemase associated with the Enterobacteriaceae in Europe, North Africa, and Asia. We report the first two clinical cases of OXA-48-type carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the United States from patients recently hospitalized in Saudi Arabia and India. Each is more carbapenem resistant than nearly all previously reported OXA-48-type-producing Enterobacteriaceae .
Robust Talker Direction Estimation Based on Weighted CSP Analysis and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (2006)

This paper describes a new talker direction estimation method for front-end processing to capture distant-talking speech by using a microphone array. The proposed method consists of two algorithms: One is a TDOA (Time Delay Of Arrival) estimation algorithm based on a weighted CSP (Cross-power Spectrum Phase) analysis with an average speech spectrum and CSP coefficient subtraction. The other is a talker direction estimation algorithm based on ML (Maximum Likelihood) estimation in a time sequence of the estimated TDOAs. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, talker direction estimation experiments were carried out in an actual office room. The results confirmed that the talker direction estimation performance of the proposed method is superior to that of the conventional methods in both diffused- and directional-noise environments.
Computer-Aided Generation of Performance Measures for Man-Machine Systems (1974)

The design, application, and evaluation of man-machine systems are limited by our ability to measure system performance in a reliable and sensitive manner. Without adequate performance measures, there is no way to test system designs, to plan and execute training systems, or to effectively evaluate operational systems. Typically, measures are manually produced by selecting a set of candidate performance measures which are subsequently tested for reliability and validity. Since the measurement value of a given candidate measure is not known until these tests are complete, this process, which may be an iterative process, can be both time consuming and costly. Also, since only a few candidate measures can be investigated manually, there is a high probability that superior measures are not even considered. Automating at least some of the manual operations required can result in improved performance measures in less time and at lower cost. The performance measurement generating processor described in this paper accepts demonstration data representing various levels of performance, and under user control, analyzes the data to provide candidate performance measures. The processor also conducts validation tests and orders candidate measures according to their measurement value. Output from the FORTRAN IV processor includes results from validation tests and specifications for objective performance measures.
Thin-Film Cracking and Wire Ball Shear in Plastic Dips Due to Temperature Cycle and Thermal Shock (1987)

A test chip was used to compare thin film cracking of various circuit layouts at various positions on the chip, and to study wire ball shear. Slotted aluminum busses reduced thin film cracking in die corners. Thin film cracking and wire ball shear failure rates have remarkably different dependence on shock versus cycle and on lead frame material.