gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing Enhanced Cytochrome P450 2B1/2 Activity in Rat Hepatocyte Spheroids through Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (2001)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are essential for xenobiotic metabolism. Although CYP450s are found in many tissues, CYP2B1/2 are primarily expressed in the rat liver. The constitutive expression in vivo of CYP2B1/2 is low but it is induced in the presence of various drugs such as phenobarbital (PB). In this study, CYP2B1/2 activity in cultured hepatocytes was assessed in situ with the introduction of a fluorogenic substrate, pentoxyresorufin. The product of 7-pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylation (PROD), which is catalyzed specifically by CYP2B1/2, was detected using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Primary hepatocytes cultured as monolayers on collagen-coated surfaces exhibited background PROD activity and minimal PB inducibility after 4 days in culture. In contrast, rat hepatocytes organized in compacted aggregates, or spheroids, exhibited higher levels of PROD activity and retained their ability for PB induction. The results from the CLSM analysis were verified by RT-PCR and Western immunoblotting analysis. Furthermore, CLSM in conjunction with image processing techniques and three-dimensional reconstruction revealed the localization of enhanced PROD activity in the center of spheroids. The results support the use of CLSM as a powerful tool for investigating CYP2B1/2 activity in cultured rat hepatocytes.
New Results in Linear Filtering and Prediction Theory (1961)

A nonlinear differential equation of the Riccati type is derived for the covariance matrix of the optimal filtering error. The solution of this “variance equation” completely specifies the optimal filter for either finite or infinite smoothing intervals and stationary or nonstationary statistics. The variance equation is closely related to the Hamiltonian (canonical) differential equations of the calculus of variations. Analytic solutions are available in some cases. The significance of the variance equation is illustrated by examples which duplicate, simplify, or extend earlier results in this field. The Duality Principle relating stochastic estimation and deterministic control problems plays an important role in the proof of theoretical results. In several examples, the estimation problem and its dual are discussed side-by-side. Properties of the variance equation are of great interest in the theory of adaptive systems. Some aspects of this are considered briefly.
Improving the Accuracy of Wearable Sensors for Human Locomotion Tracking Using Phase-Locked Regression Models (2019)

The trend toward soft wearable robotic systems creates a compelling need for new and reliable sensor systems that do not require a rigid mounting frame. Despite the growing use of inertial measurement units (IMUs) in motion tracking applications, sensor drift and IMU-to-segment misalignment still represent major problems in applications requiring high accuracy. This paper proposes a novel 2-step calibration method which takes advantage of the periodic nature of human locomotion to improve the accuracy of wearable inertial sensors in measuring lower-limb joint angles. Specifically, the method was applied to the determination of the hip joint angles during walking tasks. The accuracy and precision of the calibration method were accessed in a group of N =8 subjects who walked with a custom-designed inertial motion capture system at 85% and 115% of their comfortable pace, using an optical motion capture system as reference. In light of its low computational complexity and good accuracy, the proposed approach shows promise for embedded applications, including closed-loop control of soft wearable robotic systems.
Osteogenesis and Trophic Factor Secretion are Influenced by the Composition of Hydroxyapatite/Poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Composite Scaffolds (2009)

The use of composite biomaterials for bone repair capitalizes on the beneficial aspects of individual materials while tailoring the mechanical properties of the composite. We hypothesized that substrate composition would modulate the osteogenic response and secretion of potent trophic factors by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Composite scaffolds were prepared by combining nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA) and microspheres formed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLG) at varying ratios between 0:1 and 5:1. Scaffolds were seeded with hMSCs for culture in osteogenic conditions or subcutaneous implantation into nude rats. Compressive moduli increased with HA content in a near-linear fashion. The osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs increased in a dose-dependent manner as determined by alkaline phosphatase activity and osteopontin secretion after 4 weeks of culture. Further, endogenous secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor was sustained at significantly higher levels over 28 days for hMSCs seeded in 2.5:1 and 5:1 HA:PLG scaffolds. Eight weeks after implantation, scaffolds with higher HA:PLG ratios exhibited greater vascularization and more mineralized tissue. These data demonstrate that the mechanical properties, osteogenic differentiation, as well as the timing and duration of trophic factor secretion by hMSCs can be tailored through controlling the composition of the polymer-bioceramic composite.
Discharge characteristics for magnetron sputtering of Al in Ar and Ar/O2 mixtures (1980)

An Al target has been sputtered in a planar magnetron system using argon and argon–oxygen mixtures at pressures from 0.1 to 2 Pa. The characteristics of both dc and rf discharges have been studied. In the dc case, the current is given by a relation of the form KVn where V is the applied voltage and K and n are pressure-dependent parameters. Values of n up to 9 were obtained at the higher pressures but n decreased at lower pressures. For the rf discharge, the target self-bias voltage, Vsb, at a given power decreased with decreasing pressure and was related to the average rf power by a relationship of the form CVsb/(Vsb−V) where V was approximately 1000 V and C dereased from 900 to 500 W with increasing argon pressure. The deposition rate of Al increased linearly with average dc and rf power and there was good agreement between the values for the same power; the rate was 0.93 μm/min at the maximum power of 2.5 kW. When sufficient oxygen was added, the target surface was oxidized and the deposition rate of Al2O3 was only 5% of the Al rate. This is about half the ration predicted for sputtering yields and can be accounted for by a secondary electron emission coefficient, due to ion bombardment, of between 0.4 and 1.2. This is much higher than the value for Al and accounts for a sharp decrease in Vsb when oxide forms on the target surface. At an average power of 400 W at a pressure of 1 Pa, Vsb is 380 V for the Al case and 190 V for the oxidized target.
Suspension Polymerization of <scp>l</scp>-Lactide in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in the Presence of a Triblock Copolymer Stabilizer (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSuspension Polymerization of l-Lactide in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in the Presence of a Triblock Copolymer StabilizerDaniel Bratton, Malcolm Brown, and Steven M. HowdleView Author Information School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, NG7 2RD, and Smith & Nephew Group Research Centre, York Science Park, Heslington, York, England, YO10 5DF Cite this: Macromolecules 2003, 36, 16, 5908–5911Publication Date (Web):July 19, 2003Publication History Received9 April 2003Revised27 June 2003Published online19 July 2003Published inissue 1 August 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma034453ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma034453arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views582Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Monomers,Polymer particles,Polymerization,Polymers,Suspensions Get e-Alerts
Theory and performance of the disc-type electromagnetic particle clutch under continuous slip service (1980)

Applying Mohr-Coulomb theory to the porous powder medium of the magnetic particle clutch, the shear resistance of the powder is computed in terms of cohesion and the internal angle of friction of the particles. The analysis of the clutch in toroidal co-ordinates yields the overall reluctance of the composite clutch assembly. The maximum torque transmitted by the clutch is derived from these factors in terms of the known excitation and clutch parameters. Shear strength, permeability and torque are correlated with extensive experimental data obtained from two clutches using electrolytic iron particles of six sizes in the range 40–300 μm at various shearing velocities and excitations.
A Pathophysiologic Role for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Pemphigus Acantholysis (2013)

The pemphigus family of autoimmune bullous disorders is characterized by autoantibody binding to desmoglein 1 and/or 3 (dsg1/dsg3). In this study we show that EGF receptor (EGFR) is activated following pemphigus vulgaris (PV) IgG treatment of primary human keratinocytes and that EGFR activation is downstream of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38). Inhibition of EGFR blocked PV IgG-triggered dsg3 endocytosis, keratin intermediate filament retraction, and loss of cell-cell adhesion in vitro. Significantly, inhibiting EGFR prevented PV IgG-induced blister formation in the passive transfer mouse model of pemphigus. These data demonstrate cross-talk between dsg3 and EGFR, that this cross-talk is regulated by p38, and that EGFR is a potential therapeutic target for pemphigus. Small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies directed against EGFR are currently used to treat several types of solid tumors. This study provides the experimental rationale for investigating the use of EGFR inhibitors in pemphigus.
A dynamic subgrid-scale eddy viscosity model (1991)

One major drawback of the eddy viscosity subgrid-scale stress models used in large-eddy simulations is their inability to represent correctly with a single universal constant different turbulent fields in rotating or sheared flows, near solid walls, or in transitional regimes. In the present work a new eddy viscosity model is presented which alleviates many of these drawbacks. The model coefficient is computed dynamically as the calculation progresses rather than input a priori. The model is based on an algebraic identity between the subgrid-scale stresses at two different filtered levels and the resolved turbulent stresses. The subgrid-scale stresses obtained using the proposed model vanish in laminar flow and at a solid boundary, and have the correct asymptotic behavior in the near-wall region of a turbulent boundary layer. The results of large-eddy simulations of transitional and turbulent channel flow that use the proposed model are in good agreement with the direct simulation data.
Down-Regulation of E-Cadherin in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Leads to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Dependent Th2 Cell-Promoting Activity (2007)

Airway epithelial cells are well-known producers of thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), a Th2 cell-attracting chemokine that may play an important role in the development of allergic airway inflammation. However, the mechanism responsible for up-regulation of TARC in allergy is still unknown. In the asthmatic airways, loss of expression of the cell-cell contact molecule E-cadherin and reduced epithelial barrier function has been observed, which may be the result of an inadequate repair response. Because E-cadherin also suppressed multiple signaling pathways, we studied whether disruption of E-cadherin-mediated cell contact may contribute to increased proallergic activity of epithelial cells, e.g., production of the chemokine TARC. We down-regulated E-cadherin in bronchial epithelial cells by small interference RNA and studied effects on electrical resistance, signaling pathways, and TARC expression (by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing, immunodetection, immunofluorescent staining, and real-time PCR). Small interference RNA silencing of E-cadherin resulted in loss of E-cadherin-mediated junctions, enhanced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the downstream targets MEK/ERK-1/2 and p38 MAPK, finally resulting in up-regulation of TARC as well as thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression. The use of specific inhibitors revealed that the effect on TARC is mediated by EGFR-dependent activation of the MAPK pathways. In contrast to TARC, expression of the Th1/Treg cell-attracting chemokine RANTES was unaffected by E-cadherin down-regulation. In summary, we show that loss of E-cadherin-mediated epithelial cell-cell contact by damaging stimuli, e.g., allergens, may result in reduced suppression of EGFR-dependent signaling pathways and subsequent induction of Th2 cell-attracting molecule TARC. Thus, disruption of intercellular epithelial contacts may specifically promote Th2 cell recruitment in allergic asthma.
Defects in homologous recombination repair in mismatch-repair-deficient tumour cell lines (2002)

Loss of mismatch repair (MMR) leads to a complex mutator phenotype that appears to drive the development of a subset of colon cancers. Here we show that MMR-deficient tumour cell lines are highly sensitive to the toxic effects of thymidine relative to MMR-proficient lines. This sensitivity was not a direct consequence of MMR deficiency or alterations of DNA precursor metabolism. Instead, MMR-defective tumour cell lines are also defective in homologous recombination repair (HRR) induced by DNA double-strand breaks. Furthermore, a frameshift mutation of the human RAD51 paralog XRCC2 found in the MMR-deficient uterine tumour cell line SKUT-1 can confer thymidine sensitivity when introduced into a MMR-proficient line. Like other cells with defective XRCC2, SKUT-1 is sensitive to mitomycin C, and MMR-proficient cells expressing the mutant XRCC2 allele become more sensitive to this agent. These data suggest that the thymidine sensitivity of MMR-deficient tumour cell lines may be a consequence of defects in the HRR pathway. The increased thymidine sensitivity and the loss of an important pathway for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks create new opportunities for therapies directed specifically against this subset of tumours.
A series resonant AC-to-DC rectifier with high-frequency isolation (2002)

In this paper, a new series resonant AC-to-DC rectifier with high-frequency isolation is introduced. The proposed approach employs a PWM controlled AC controller, a series resonant tank and a high-frequency isolation transformer. With this approach, the single phase input AC is directly processed via the AC-to-AC converter eliminating the AC-to-DC rectification stage present in the conventional system. The output of the HF transformer is rectified and processed via a filtering stage to obtain a DC output. With the addition of an input filter, the input current is near sinusoidal at unity power factor. Simulation and experiment results are presented to verify the basic concept.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Endocardial catheter mapping: wire skeleton technique for representation of computed arrhythmogenic sites compared with intraoperative mapping. (1986)

Guiding surgical therapy of ventricular tachycardia by preoperative endocardial catheter mapping necessitates improvement of the accuracy of localization of the arrhythmogenic site. We therefore used a new mathematical cineradiographic method during catheter mapping to compute the position of left ventricular arrhythmogenic sites relative to three anatomic reference points: the centers of aortic and mitral valve ostia and the left ventricular apex. To enable the surgeon to identify the position of the computed sites, a wire skeleton (one for each patient) representing a single or multiple arrhythmogenic site(s) relative to the anatomic reference points was constructed. This wire skeleton was inserted into the left ventricular cavity during surgery. Side branches of the device indicated preoperatively localized arrhythmogenic sites. Results in eight consecutive patients were compared with those of intraoperative simultaneous mapping of 64 endocardial sites. Sixteen morphologically distinct monomorphic ventricular tachycardias were mapped by catheter and 15 by intraoperative mapping. In 12 ventricular tachycardias an identical morphology was recorded during both techniques. The distance between arrhythmogenic sites localized with both methods was 1 cm or less in 11 of these 12 ventricular tachycardias and 2 cm in one ventricular tachycardia. These results indicate that endocardial catheter mapping combined with wire skeleton representation of computed positions of arrhythmogenic sites is reliable for guiding surgical therapy of ventricular tachycardia and since some of the ventricular tachycardias were inducible only during either preoperative or intraoperative mapping, both techniques have an additive value. In addition, the wire skeleton proved convenient during surgery by identifying the arrhythmogenic sites.
A monoclonal antibody (HML‐1) defining a novel membrane molecule present on human intestinal lymphocytes (1987)

A monoclonal antibody, HML-1, was produced by fusion of NSI myeloma cells with spleen cells of a mouse immunized with isolated human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). Immunofluorescence studies of isolated cells, as well as immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections, indicated that HML-1 labeled all the various subsets of human intestinal IEL, approximately 40% of lamina propria T cells, 30% mesenteric lymphoblasts and some lymphocytes in other mucosae, particularly IEL. Conversely, it revealed only rare cells in all other lymphoid compartments. Analysis by polyacrylamide gel gradient electrophoresis showed that HML-1 precipitated two major noncovalently bound components of approximate mol. masses of 105 and 150 kDa from human IEL. HML-1 thus defines a novel human membrane antigen present on a subpopulation of lymphocytes preferentially associated with epithelia, and particularly with the intestinal epithelium. The characteristics of this human antigen are very similar to those of an antigen we had previously described in the rat. The possible functional role of this novel class of lymphocyte membrane antigens as well as the nature of the mechanism that triggers their expression remain to be elucidated.
Novel Chiral Bisoxazoline Ligands with a Biphenyl Backbone:  Preparation, Complexation, and Application in Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions (2000)

Novel C(2)-symmetric chiral bisoxazoline ligands 1 were easily prepared from enantiomerically pure 2-amino alcohols and achiral 2, 2'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid via the corresponding amide and mesylate as intermediates. Since these ligands bear only two ortho-substituents on the biphenyl backbone, the biphenyl axis is not fixed, and the two diastereomers of these ligands exist in equilibrium in solution. Interestingly, when the ligands 1 were coordinated with a metal ion, only one of the two possible diastereomer complexes, an (S,aS,S)-complex, can be formed depending on the combination of the ligand and the metal ion. Thus, copper(I) afforded only the (S,aS,S)-complexes with all ligands 1, while zinc(II), palladium(II), and silver(I) afforded the (S,aS, S)-complexes as the sole product only with 1b, which has a bulky tert-butyl group on the oxazoline ring, and a mixture of the two diastereomer complexes with 1a,c,d. The copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanation of styrene with diazoacetate proceeded successfully with these ligands and good to excellent enantioselectivities were afforded.
3-D measurements from imaging laser radars: how good are they? (2002)

The authors analyze a class of imaging range finders-amplitude-modulated continuous-wave laser radars-in the context of computer vision and robotics. The analysis develops measurement models from the fundamental principles of laser radar operation, and identifies the nature and cause of key problems that plague measurements from this class of sensors. They classify the problems as fundamental (e.g. related to the signal-to-noise ratio), as architectural (e.g. limited by encoding distance by angles (0.2 pi )), and as artifacts of particular hardware implementations (e.g. insufficient temperature compensation). Experimental results from two different scanning laser range finders designed for autonomous navigation illustrate and support the analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Micro-Raman study of stress distribution in local isolation structures and correlation with transmission electron microscopy (1992)

Stress in local isolation structures is studied by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The results are correlated with predictions of an analytical model for the stress distribution and with cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observations. The measurements are performed on structures on which the Si3N4 oxidation mask is still present. The influence of the pitch of the periodic local isolation pattern, consisting of parallel lines, the thickness of the mask, and the length of the bird’s beak on the stress distribution are studied. It is found that compressive stress is present in the Si substrate under the center of the oxidation mask lines, with a magnitude dependent on the width of the lines. Large tensile stress is concentrated under the bird’s beak and is found to increase with decreasing length of the bird’s beak and with increasing thickness of the Si3N4 film.
Animal and human aggression (1992)

Introduction What is aggressiveness? Interactions between the brain and behaviour: a common history Behaviour and its motivations Neurobiology of the processes of motivation and decision How can behaviour be modified? Factors which contribute towards determining the probability of aggression By way of conclusion: what can be done? Glossary Index.
Magnetic Properties of Atomized Iron Powder Compacts for Magnetic Cores (1978)

Studies on the atomized iron powder compacts were carried out in order to prepare magnetic cores of electric motors by powder metallurgical processing. Iron powders and powdered resin were mixed and compacted into toroidal cores by cold pressing. These compacts were cured to polymerized resin at 150°C.Dependences of green densities of the compacts and magnetic properties on particle size, size distribution, shape and purity of the atomized iron powders were investigated. It was shown that the compacts made from coarse, irregular-shaped atomized powders are suitable for the magnetic cores. As to the influence of impurities, small amounts of C, N and P markedly deteriorated the magnetic properties of the compacts and the compressibility of the powders. Annealing treatments were effective in reducing the core loss of the compacts.