gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pilot epidemiological study of cleft lip and/or palate inh Kota Kinabalu, Sabah (2013)

Objective: To identify number of cases and the type of cleft lip and/or palate managed in government tertiary center (Queen Elizabeth Hospital) in Kota Kinabalu; and to analyze the associative factors of cleft lip and/or palate. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study carried out in Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah from January 2011 to December 2012. Data from 162 new cases, which were referred for cleft lip and/or palate, were included in the study. Result: Cleft lip and palate was the most common type. While cleft lip with or without palate had higher preponderance towards male patients, secondary palate however was more common among female patients. These results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Further and larger scale study need to be carried out to identify the incidence of cleft lip and/or palate in Sabah, and its associated genetic and environmental risk factors. Early identification and intervention for cleft lip and palate need to be emphasized. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.8170 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 86-91
Rational development of iron catalysts for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (2014)

The asymmetric reduction of ketones and imines by transfer of hydrogen from isopropanol as the solvent catalyzed by metal complexes is a very useful method for preparing valuable enantioenriched alcohols and amines. Described here is the development of three generations of progressively more active iron catalysts for this transformation. Key features of this process of discovery involved the realization that one carbonyl ligand was needed (as in hydrogenases), the synthesis of modular ligands templated by iron, the elucidation of the mechanisms of catalyst activation and action, as well as the rational synthesis of precursors that lead directly and easily to the species in the catalytic cycle. The discovery that iron, an abundant element that is essential to life, can form catalysts of these hydrogenation reactions is a contribution to green chemistry.
A captive bubble method reproduces the in situ behavior of lung surfactant monolayers (1989)

We tested a new captive bubble surface tensiometer with films adsorbed from aqueous suspensions of rabbit lung surfactant and a bovine lung surfactant lipid extract and with films of dipalmitoyl-sn-3-glycerophosphorylcholine (DPPC) spread from solvents. The lack of tubes penetrating the bubble surface eliminated potential leakage pathways for the surface film, which was compressed by increasing external pressure. Surface tensions and areas were calculated directly from bubble shapes without the need of pressure measurements. After only one to two compressions, the rabbit surfactant films exhibited the low surface tension, collapse rates, and compressibilities characteristic of the alveolar surface in situ and approached the behavior of spread DPPC films. The bubble "clicking" phenomenon described earlier by Pattle (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 148: 217-240, 1958) was also reproduced, but only with the bovine extract, which did not perform as well as the rabbit surfactant in surface tests. These findings suggest that surfactant apoprotein SP-A, which was probably present in the rabbit but not the bovine preparations, enhances both adsorption and stability of pulmonary surfactant monolayers.
Distribution of blood flow and ventilation-perfusion ratio in the lung, measured with radioactive CO<sub>2</sub> (1960)

Inhaled radioactive CO 2 is rapidly taken up by pulmonary blood. By external counting over the chest during breath holding, the clearance rate of radioactive CO 2 xs from the counting field can be recorded, and is proportional to the regional perfusion. In normal subjects, the clearance rate varied from about 20%/ sec. at the base of the lung to virtually nil at the apex, and the change was approximately linear with distance up the chest. The difference between upper and lower zones was reduced on moderate exercise and eliminated when the subject lay on his back. By relating the counting rate at the end of inspiration to the volume of lung in the counting field, the difference in ventilation between upper and lower zones was measured and found to be small. Variation in ventilation-perfusion ratio was thus determined. Alveolar-arterial O 2 gradient expected from this ventilation-perfusion ratio inequality was calculated to be about 4 mm Hg. This suggests that the variation in blood flow between upper and lower parts of the lung in erect man accounts for the whole of the ventilation-perfusion ratio inequality in the normal lung. Submitted on November 23, 1959
All-optical switching in an angled-grating semiconductor Bragg amplifier (1999)

We propose an all-optical switching element based on forward Bragg diffraction in a periodically corrugated semiconductor laser amplifier. The device geometry is similar to that of an angled-grating distributed-feedback (/spl alpha/-DFB) laser except that there is no reflective feedback. Light induced changes in the refractive index cause the output to switch from a cross state to a bar state with input power levels of only a few milliwatts.
Oculoleptomeningeal Amyloidosis Associated With a New Transthyretin Variant Ser64 (1999)

In this kindred, oculoleptomeningeal amyloidosis is related to a mutation in transthyretin (Phe64Ser).
Cloned human CD3<sup>−</sup> lymphocytes with natural killerlike activity do not express nor rearrange T cell receptor gamma genes (1987)

Here we report the characterization of T cell receptor (TCR) gene activation in 14 CD3- cloned lymphocytes with natural killer-like activity from different origins. No transcription of either alpha or beta or gamma genes is detected in any of these clones. All J beta, C beta clusters are in germ-line configuration. The 5 presently described J gamma loci (J gamma P1, J gamma P, J gamma 1, J gamma P2, J gamma 2) are also in germ-line configuration on each chromosome. These results indicate that several distinct populations of CD3- cloned NK cells do not use gamma gene products as a recognition structure. Perhaps more importantly, these cells do not appear to be engaged in the earliest presently known stage of T lymphocyte differentiation, namely rearrangement at one of the J gamma loci.
A review of the bioactivity of south African herbal teas: rooibos (<i>Aspalathus linearis</i>) and honeybush (<i>Cyclopia intermedia</i>) (2006)

Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia) are popular tisanes in their native South Africa and have a growing worldwide market. Both herbal teas are used traditionally for medicinal purposes and are rich in polyphenols with rooibos a rare source of the dietary dihydrochalcones, aspalathin and nothofagin. The principal polyphenols in honeybush include the xanthone mangiferin and the flavonones hesperitin and isokuranetin. Despite their divergent phytochemical and nutrient compositions, rooibos and honeybush share potent antioxidant and antimutagenic activities in vitro. Animal model studies indicate both herbal teas possess potent antioxidant, immune-modulating and chemopreventive actions. However, human studies of rooibos are limited and of honeybush are absent. No adverse effects of rooibos or honeybush consumption as tisanes have been reported.
Mutant Strain of <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> with Increased Symbiotic N <sub>2</sub> Fixation Rates and Altered Mo Metabolism Properties (1990)

Mutant strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum that required higher levels of molybdate than the wild-type strain for growth on NO(3)-containing medium were obtained after transposon Tn5 mutagenesis of the wild-type strain. The mutant strains expressed more than fivefold-greater nitrate reductase activities in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 mM added molybdate compared with activities expressed upon incubation in non-Mo-supplemented medium, whereas the nitrate reductase activity of the wild-type strain (JH) was not markedly influenced by Mo supplementation. In free-living culture, mutant strains JH310 and JH359 expressed substantial nitrogenase activity, even in medium treated to remove molybdate, and nitrogenase activity was influenced little by Mo supplementation, whereas the wild-type strain required 100 nM added Mo for highest nitrogenase activity. Double-reciprocal plots of Mo uptake rates versus Mo concentration showed that both bacteroids and free-living cells of mutant strain JH359 had about the same affinity for Mo as did the parent strain. Bacteroids of both the mutants and the wild type also exhibited similar Mo accumulation rates over a 9-min period under very-low-Mo (4 nM) conditions. Nitrogenase activities for strain JH359 and for the wild-type strain in free-living culture were both strongly inhibited by tungsten; thus, the nitrogenase activities of both strains are probably the result of a "conventional" Mo-containing nitrogenase. Soybeans inoculated with strain JH359 and grown under either Mo-supplemented or Mo-deficient conditions had greater specific acetylene reduction rates and significantly greater plant fresh weight than those inoculated with the wild-type strain. Under Mo-deficient conditions, the acetylene reduction rates and plant fresh weights were up to 35 and 58% greater, respectively, for mutant-nodulated plants compared with wild-type-strain-nodulated plants.
The accuracy of decision-making of a semi-automatic defibrillator during cardiac arrest (1992)

The accuracy of decision-making of a semi-automatic defibrillator was assessed at 57 cardiac arrests in 55 patients. The initial rhythm was ventricular fibrillation at 40 arrests and was correctly identified in 37 (sensitivity 92.5%). In the other 17 arrests initial rhythms were not ventricular fibrillation and 16 were correctly identified (specificity 94%). Continuous electrocardiographic recordings of the arrests were analysed in 8-12 s segments: of 432 segments showing ventricular fibrillation, 352 were correctly identified (sensitivity 81%); 3895 of 4139 segments showing rhythms other than ventricular fibrillation were correctly identified (specificity 94%). The percentage accuracy of detection of ventricular fibrillation varied from 0-100% (mean 91%) and for non-ventricular fibrillation from 51-100% (mean 92%). When 104 segments of ventricular fibrillation and 470 segments of non-ventricular fibrillation with cardiopulmonary resuscitation artefact were excluded from the analysis, a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 96% were obtained. Thus the detection of cardiac arrest rhythms using a microprocessor based detection system for patients with cardiac arrest has a high sensitivity for ventricular fibrillation and specificity for non-ventricular fibrillation.
Platelets in Thrombosis and Hemostasis: Old Topic with New Mechanisms (2012)

Platelets are small anucleate cells generated from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. After being released into the circulation, platelets play key roles in the surveillance of vascular injury, and can quickly adhere and aggregate at the site of injury, which are critical events for vascular repair and hemostasis. However, the same biological processes of platelet adhesion and aggregation may also cause thrombotic disorders. The formation of a platelet plug at sites of atherosclerotic lesion rupture is the most common mechanism leading to myocardial or cerebral infarction. Platelet-related deep vein thrombosis is also one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The contribution of several platelet receptors and their ligands has been highlighted in these processes. In platelet adhesion, particularly at high shear stress, GPIbα-von Willebrand factor (VWF) interaction may initiate this event, which is followed by GPVI signalling and firm platelet adhesion mediated by members of the integrin family, such as β3 (αIIbβ3) and β1 (α2β1, α5β1) integrins. In platelet aggregation, although GPIbα-VWF, P selectin-sulfatides, and other molecules, may be involved, the process is mainly mediated by β3 (αIIbβ3) integrin and its ligands, such as fibrinogen and VWF. It is intriguing that platelet adhesion and aggregation still occur in mice lacking both fibrinogen and VWF, suggesting that other unforeseen molecule(s) may also be important in these processes. Identification and characterization of these molecules will enrich our knowledge in the basic science of hemostasis and thrombosis, and may lead to the development of new therapies against bleeding disorders and thrombotic diseases.
1200μm<sup>2</sup> Physical Random-Number Generators Based on SiN MOSFET for Secure Smart-Card Application (2008)

In this work, because of the high-amplitude random noise at high frequency from the SiN MOSFET, we need only a single amplifier and A/D converter, and the amplifier area is decreased.
Quantitation and characterization of a species-specific and embryo stage-dependent 55-kilodalton phosphoprotein also present in cells transformed by simian virus 40. (1981)

A 55-kilodalton (kDal) protein was detected recently in primary cultures of day 12 mouse embryos by immunoprecipitation with serum from simian virus 40 (SV40) tumor-bearing hamsters (T serum), Preliminary evidence suggested that this protein was similar to a cellular 55-kDal protein induced after SV40 transformation of mouse cells. We now show that specific approximately 55-kDal [35S]methionine-labeled proteins precipitate from primary cultures of midgestation mouse, rat, and hamster embryos on addition of T serum or monoclonal antiserum prepared against the SV40-induced mouse 55-kDal proteins. The two-dimensional maps of the [35S]methionine-labeled tryptic peptides of the mouse, hamster, and rat embryo proteins are similar to the maps of the corresponding proteins from SV40-transformed cells. Primary cells from midgestation mouse, hamster, or rat embryos contain one-third to one-half as much 55-kDal protein as a SV40-transformed mouse fibroblast cell and nearly the same amount as F9 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. The amount of 55-kDal protein is greatly reduced on replating the mouse, rat, or hamster embryo primary cells. The amount of this protein in mouse embryos is dependent on the stage of the embryo. The embryo proteins are phosphoproteins.
Pautas de localización sectorial de la inversión directa extranjera en España: Internacionalización y política industrial (1995)

En una economia mundial cada vez mas globalizada, el debate sobre los flujos de inversion directa extranjera ha pasado a un primer plano. Los gobiernos agudizan su ingenio para atraer actividades productivas hacia sus territorios, y no cabe duda de que la influencia sobre los flujos de IDE sera uno de los objetivos y determinantes en el futuro de la filosofia e instrumentacion de las politicas estructurales, en especial de la politica industrial y regional. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los determinantes y consecuencias del proceso de internacionalizacion de la industria espanola en general, y de los flujos de inversion directa extranjera en particular, asi como extraer algunas conclusiones sobre las pautas de localizacion sectorial de la misma y el papel de la politica industrial en este ambito.
Modeling and data assimilation for Mars Observer (1993)

The Mars Observer mission will return a substantial set of meteorological data for the atmosphere of Mars, principally in the form of thermal infrared soundings from the Pressure Modulator Infrared Radiometer (PMIRR). The dataset will enable global studies of a range of dynamical and physical phenomena in the martian atmosphere. The solar orbital configuration of Mars Observer, however, means that the coverage of the martian atmosphere and surface by remote sounding instruments will be asynchronous. This leads to difficulties of interpretation when studying synoptic-scale phenomena with timescales of a few days. In an attempt to overcome such problems we propose to use data assimilation techniques, as currently employed for operational weather forecasting on the Earth, in conjunction with a Martian General Circulation Model (MGCM) that is under development at Oxford and Reading Universities. An overview of the model and assimilation scheme will be given, with reference to problems encountered so far in applying such methods to remote-sensing observations of the martian atmosphere.
OVERVIEW OF THE ELECTRODYNAMIC DELIVERY EXPRESS (EDDE) (2003)

The ElectroDynamic Delivery Express (EDDE) is an autonomous space vehicle that can deliver multiple small satellites from any low earth orbit (LEO) to any other desired low earth orbit within months, without using fuel. EDDE uses solar power to drive multi-ampere currents through a multi-kilometer aluminum tape. The tape sees a force normal to both itself and the local magnetic field. The tape is electrically connected to the ambient ionosphere to close the current loop externally. EDDE spins at ~8X/orbit to improve both stability and operational flexibility. Changing the current as a function of orbit and spin phase imposes forces and torques that allow any desired changes in orbit and spin. This allows far higher performance than possible with a “hanging” electrodynamic tether. For high-inclination orbital plane changes in LEO, EDDE can be more than twice as fast as more conventional high-specific-impulse electric rockets, and has much higher delta-V capability, since it does not expend propellant. EDDE seems particularly well suited to distributing multiple small payloads to custom orbits. EDDE may also enable removal of most existing orbital debris from LEO. We describe two options for a low-cost proof-of-concept demonstration in space.
<title>Submillimeter source needs for NASA missions</title> (1994)

Submillimeter source needs for the NASA astrophysics Submillimeter Intermediate Mission and the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder instrument are presented. Solid state local oscillators using planar devices are planned. State-of-the- art performance for these components is reviewed.
An investigation of specifications for migrating to a Web portal framework for the dissemination of health information within a public health network (2003)

Web-based technologies provide a framework that facilitates the dissemination of healthcare related information. A portal strategy comprised of six layers has been defined for healthcare. This layered architecture is well suited for employing an iterative approach to development, implementation and deployment of an emerging technology. Planning for Web portal implementation should be seen as a process of building an infrastructure and foundation for the future, not as the development of a single all-encompassing solution. Mapping requirements and specifications for the portal framework to a conceptual target architecture is part of this process. This research paper investigates a model for a healthcare portal framework and the mapping of user specifications of a major public health organization for organizing and structuring information to facilitate a plan of action for moving to an Internet portal strategy.
PMU-Based Vulnerability Assessment Using Wide- Area Severity Indices and Tracking Modal Analysis (2006)

Two techniques based respectively on the transient energy injected by the disturbance into the grid and the tracking damping level of the resulting oscillatory responses are investigated for quickly assessing the post-event vulnerability status of a multi-area power system from a wide-area measurement systems (WAMS) record. The "transient energy" approach using the so-called wide area severity index (WASI) was originally developed to suit a highly reliable dynamic security assessment (DSA) system which is currently being tested in actual operations. The WASI concept is extended here to provide the necessary attributes for ranking the dynamic strength of the grid after an arbitrary contingency, giving the full 10 to 60-s record from an ensemble of strategically located PMUs. It is shown that wide area severity indices over short and long windows time-frame allow for a very effective clustering of dynamic events into various categories of phenomena with embedded type and level of grid vulnerabilities. For comprehensiveness, a tracking modal analysis using the ERA method is also implemented to provide additional insight into the grid signal responses, in terms of the evolving damping level throughout the observation window. The proposed approaches are illustrated on detailed simulations of the Hydro-Quebec grid and confirmed on actual measurements recorded with the existing WAMS
Copper Recovery and Cyanide Destruction with a Plating Barrel Cathode and a Packed-Bed Anode Report-Research Project 78 (2015)

A batch electrochemical cell, consisting of a plating barrel cathode and a packed-bed anode, was used to recover copper from a waste acid copper sulfate solution and simultaneously to recover copper and destroy cyanide in a waste copper cyanide solution. The cyanide destruction experiments were carried out with and without the addition of NaCI. The concentrations of total cyanide, free cyanide and copper were measured as a function of electrolysis time at various solution temperatures, cell currents, barrel rotation speeds, barrel loadings, and barrel immersion levels. The total cyanide concentration was reduced from 580 ppm to less than 10 ppm. The average energy consumption was 80 to 340 kWhlkg of total cyanide destroyed, depending upon the operating conditions. A cost analysis indicates
Scaling relations in nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of aqueous PEO solutions under large amplitude oscillatory shear flow (2010)

We have found empirical scaling relations in nonlinear viscoelasticity of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solutions under large amplitude oscillatory shear flow. The scaling relations superpose dimensionless nonlinear viscoelastic functions, such as the normalized amplitudes of elastic and viscous stresses and normalized Fourier intensities, measured at different strain amplitudes and frequencies on a single curve irrespective of the molecular weight and the concentration of the polymer solutions. The scaling relations reveal that the nonlinear viscoelastic functions are functions of dimensionless variable ζ≡γo cos δ(ω), where δ is the phase lag of linear viscoelasticity. The validity of our superposition was checked for PEO aqueous solutions under the conditions that concentration:3&lt;c/ce&lt;7; molecular weight: 400 kg/mol&lt;M&lt;1000kg/mol; τmω&lt;10. We suggest some material parameters, which are expected to indicate chain architecture as well as to measure the strength of nonlinearity because the parameters are independent of the test conditions and compositions of the polymer solutions.
Dropout as data augmentation (2015)

Dropout is typically interpreted as bagging a large number of models sharing parameters. We show that using dropout in a network can also be interpreted as a kind of data augmentation in the input space without domain knowledge. We present an approach to projecting the dropout noise within a network back into the input space, thereby generating augmented versions of the training data, and we show that training a deterministic network on the augmented samples yields similar results. Finally, we propose a new dropout noise scheme based on our observations and show that it improves dropout results without adding significant computational cost.