gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural Network Based Self-Learning Control Strategy for Electronic Throttle Valve (2010)

Recently, the application of the electronic throttle has been very popular in the automotive industry. However, difficulties in the control of electronic throttle valves exist due to multiple nonlinearities and plant parameter variations. A neural-network-based self-learning control (SLC) strategy that consists of a fuzzy neural network (FNN) controller and a recurrent neural network (RNN) identifier is proposed for electronic throttle valves in this paper. The FNN controller, which combines the semantic transparency of rule-based fuzzy systems with the learning capability of a neural network, is utilized as an SLC scheme and will be robust to plant parameter variations. An RNN identifier is employed to model the plant and provides plant information for the learning of the FNN controller. Both the structure and the learning algorithm of the control system are presented. The proposed controller is verified by computer simulations and experiments.
Synergistic Effect of Oxygen and LiNO<sub>3</sub>on the Interfacial Stability of Lithium Metal in a Li/O<sub>2</sub>Battery (2013)

Identification of electrolytes compatible with both electrodes of a nonaqueous Li/O2 battery is a considerable challenge. One solvent of interest, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), has been shown to be stable toward the reactions of the air electrode, but decomposes rapidly when exposed to Li metal. Herein we investigate the electrochemical behavior of lithium metal electrodes in an electrolyte consisting of DMA and lithium nitrate, a combination that has been shown to have a dramatic effect on the cycle life of Li/O2 cells. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, in situ pressure analysis, mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and theoretical calculations are used to study the electrode/solution interface. Remarkably efficient, long-term Li metal cycling in DMA is reported through the cooperative effect of dissolved oxygen and lithium nitrate.
Characteristics of Yeasts Isolated From Bread Doughs of Bakeries in Shiraz, Iran (1976)

Iranian bakers use portions of sour doughs saved from the previous day for leavening. In the present study dough samples from 43 different bakeries in Shiraz, Iran were examined for the presence of yeasts. On the basis of colonial characteristics, 92 different yeast cultures were isolated. Eighty-one of the yeast cultures were examined for their cell morphology, pellicle formation on liquid medium, ability to form ascospores on nine different sporulating media, and their ability to ferment and assimilate glucose, galactose, raffinose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose. Results showed that 15 of the yeast cultures formed pellicles, 17 cultures did not sporulate, and 33 of the sporulating cultures differed biochemically from the genus Saccharomyces. Based on cultural, cell morphology, and biochemical characteristics, 29 of the remaining 31 sporulating yeasts were similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the remaining two probably belonged to the genus Saccharomyces. Yeast cultures were also examined for their baking strength; 11 of the cultures had baking strengths comparable to those of commercial bakers' yeast.
Molecular mechanisms of crystal-related kidney inflammation and injury. Implications for cholesterol embolism, crystalline nephropathies and kidney stone disease (2013)

Crystals are particles of endogenous inorganic or organic composition that can trigger kidney injury when deposited or formed inside the kidney. While decades of research have focused on the molecular mechanisms of solute supersaturation and crystal formation, the pathomechanisms of crystal-induced renal inflammation remain largely unknown. The recent discovery of the intracellular NLRP3 inflammasome as a pattern recognition platform that translates crystal uptake into innate immune activation via secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 revised the pathogenesis of gout, silicosis, asbestosis, atherosclerosis and other crystal-related disorders. As a proof of concept, the NLRP3 inflammasome was now shown to trigger inflammation and acute kidney injury (AKI) in oxalate nephropathy. It seems likely that this and potentially other innate immunity mechanisms drive crystalline nephropathies (CNs) that are associated with crystals of calcium phosphate, uric acid, cysteine, adenine, certain drugs or contrast media, and potentially of myoglobin during rhabdomyolysis and of light chains in myeloma. Here, we discuss the proven and potential mechanisms of renal inflammation and kidney injury in crystal-related kidney disorders. In addition, we list topics for further research in that field. This perspective may also provide novel therapeutic options that can help to avoid progressive tissue remodeling and chronic kidney disease in patients with kidney stone disease or other CNs.
Fault resolution and alarm correlation in high-speed networks using database mining techniques (2002)

A telecommunications company must be able to effectively manage its network. Increasing system size, complexity and bandwidth are threatening to overload current management systems so it comes as no surprise that network management is a high priority for leading telecommunications providers. Central to network management is the monitoring of the performance of the network and the handling of large volumes of alarm messages to resolve or avoid faults. Although many systems have been proposed that correlate alarms, the more fundamental question still remains of what to correlate and how to recognise it. For large telecommunications networks, complexity means that explicit symptoms for all possible occurrences cannot easily be determined. We examine the role that data mining can play in the analysing and generalisation of the sizeable volumes of network performance information that are collected every day. We describe its potential use as a tool for network fault recognition, discovery and categorisation, verifying our approach using alarm data from an SDH transmission simulation tool.
Cobalt and Palladium Reagents in Organic Synthesis: The Beginning (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A history model for managing the VLSI design process (2002)

A history model is proposed to support the dynamic aspects of VLSI design, i.e., the controlled and disciplined sequencing of CAD tool invocations. This model is based on a task specification language, for encapsulating CAD tool invocations, and a novel activity thread, which maintains the history of task invocations and serves as a focus for sharing work results in a cooperative manner. A prototype was built on top of the OCT CAD framework.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integrated GaAs-Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As injection lasers and detectors with etched reflectors (1977)

An integrated injection laser-waveguide-detector device is described, fabricated from AlxGa1−xAs layers grown by liquid-phase epitaxy. Reflectors are formed by a two-step preferential etch procedure. For a laser cavity formed by one etched reflector and one cleaved mirror, an overall differential transfer efficiency of 10±1% has been measured at the detector after transmission through a 1-μm-thick passive waveguide 250 μm long. If both reflectors are etched, efficiencies as high as 2% are still observed.
Phase 2 study of arsenic trioxide in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (2004)

Despite aggressive and innovative therapy, patients with multiple myeloma (MM) invariably relapse and die of their disease. New options for non-cytotoxic salvage therapy and additional therapeutic strategies are needed. Arsenic trioxide, an antitumour agent with a multifaceted mechanism of action, induces apoptosis in vitro in MM cell lines and freshly isolated cells from MM patients and, in preliminary studies, displayed clinical activity in patients with late-stage MM. A phase 2, multicentre, open-label study of arsenic trioxide was conducted in 24 MM patients; eight had relapsed and 16 were refractory to prior therapy. Patients received arsenic trioxide 0.25 mg/kg/d for 5 d/week during the first 2 weeks of each 4-week cycle. Sixteen patients had grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and one required antibiotics. Reductions (25% or more) in serum M-protein levels occurred in eight of 24 (33%) patients. An additional six (25%) patients had stable disease. The median time to response was 67.5 d, with a median duration of response of 130 d. Arsenic trioxide therapy lowered serum creatinine levels in two patients with high baseline values. These data indicate that arsenic trioxide is active and reasonably well tolerated as a single-agent salvage therapy, even in patients with late-stage, relapsed and refractory MM.
Oral delivery of human growth hormone: Preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics (2016)

Daily subcutaneous injection of human growth hormone has been used for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency and growth failure but has led to poor patient compliance and renal toxicity. Thus, it is crucial to develop favorable growth hormone delivery systems to improve patient compliance. In the present study, to increase the oral bioavailability of growth hormone and improve patient compliance, enteric-coated capsules filled with monomethoxyl poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles were prepared to facilitate oral growth hormone delivery. The nanoparticles were less than 100 nm in size, exhibited narrow polydispersity indices < 0.3, and showed a zeta potential of -4.87 mV. The highest efficiency of growth hormone encapsulation achieved in this study was nearly 70%. An in vitro release experiment showed that adequate amounts of growth hormone were retained under simulated gastric conditions and significant amounts of growth hormone were released under simulated intestinal conditions. The bioavailability of encapsulated growth hormone relative to subcutaneously injected growth hormone in Sprague-Dawley rats was 11.06%. Thus, the use of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles yielded promising results, and these agents should be investigated further regarding their potential as an oral growth hormone delivery system in the future.
Co-Precipitation of β-Carotene and Polyethylene Glycol with Compressed CO<sub>2</sub> as an Antisolvent: Effect of Temperature and Concentration (2008)

In this work, the coprecipitation of β-carotene and polyethylene glycol (PEG) is studied. First, the effect of pressure and temperature was studied (pressures of 8−12 MPa, temperatures of 288−313 K), Afterward, the effect of the initial concentration of the different substances on the morphologies of the particles was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were used to observe the nature of the particles that were obtained. The results indicated the sensitivity of the precipitation to temperature, making impossible to obtain particles at temperatures above 288 K. With regard to the concentration effect on the morphology of the particles, it was possible to obtain different morphologies just by changing the concentration ratio between the substances. Also, the analysis of the coprecipitates indicated that the β-carotene inside the polymer matrix must be in an amorphous form.
Phase I clinical trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid in myelodysplastic syndromes. (1983)

13-cis-Retinoic acid (13-cRA) induces maturation and differentiation of neoplastic myeloid cell lines in vitro. We conducted a phase I clinical trial of 13-cRA in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), using a single daily oral dose schedule. Seventeen patients with MDS and one each with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis were treated with 13-cRA at doses ranging from 20 to 125 mg/m2/day. Hepatotoxicity was dose-limiting and was manifested by hyperbilirubinemia and increased SGOT levels. This effect was seen only at the highest dose level of 125 mg/m2/day and was completely reversible upon cessation of the drug. Other toxic effects were mild, and included cheilosis, hyperkeratosis, stomatitis, and elevation of serum triglyceride levels. Fifteen patients with MDS were evaluable for therapeutic response. Five patients showed improvement in hematologic parameters. These responses included normalization of bone marrow blast count and increases in leukocyte count, platelet count, and/or hemoglobin concentration. Responses were generally not seen until at least 3 weeks of therapy were completed. We conclude that further study of 13-cRA in myelodysplastic syndromes is warranted and recommend that future studies utilize a starting dose of 100 mg/m2.
Preparation and biological properties of a novel composite scaffold of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose for bone tissue engineering (2009)

In this study, we report the physico-chemical and biological properties of a novel biodegradable composite scaffold made of nano-hydroxyapatite and natural derived polymers of chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose, namely, n-HA/CS/CMC, which was prepared by freeze-drying method. The physico-chemical properties of n-HA/CS/CMC scaffold were tested by infrared absorption spectra (IR), transmission electron microscope(TEM), scanning electron microscope(SEM), universal material testing machine and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) soaking experiment. Besides, the biological properties were evaluated by MG63 cells and Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) culture experiment in vitro and a short period implantation study in vivo. The results show that the composite scaffold is mainly formed through the ionic crossing-linking of the two polyions between CS and CMC, and n-HA is incorporated into the polyelectrolyte matrix of CS-CMC without agglomeration, which endows the scaffold with good physico-chemical properties such as highly interconnected porous structure, high compressive strength and good structural stability and degradation. More important, the results of cells attached, proliferated on the scaffold indicate that the scaffold is non-toxic and has good cell biocompatibility, and the results of implantation experiment in vivo further confirm that the scaffold has good tissue biocompatibility. All the above results suggest that the novel degradable n-HA/CS/CMC composite scaffold has a great potential to be used as bone tissue engineering material.
A Bragg grating-tuned fiber laser strain sensor system (1993)

The development of a fiber laser sensor system which permits efficient interrogation of Bragg grating sensors is reported. A tunable erbium doped fiber laser which utilizes a broadband mirror and an intracore Bragg grating reflector in side-pump configuration is described. The wavelength of the laser oscillation is determined by the Bragg grating, which is remotely located and used as a strain sensor. This arrangement is used in conjunction with a passive wavelength demodulation system (WDS) to form a self-contained fiber laser strain sensor system, allowing efficient interrogation of the Bragg sensor. This device provides interrupt-immune sensing of static and dynamic strains with a bandwidth of 13.0 kHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Particle filtered modified compressed sensing and applications in visual tracking (2012)

The main idea of the thesis is to design an efficient tracking algorithm that is able to track moving objects in presence of spatial illumination variation. The state vectors constitute of the motion parameters and the illumination vectors. The illumination vector is designed as a sparse vector using the fact that the scene parameters (e.g. illumination) at any given instant, can have a sparse representation with respect to the basis i.e. only a few basis elements will contribute to the scene dynamics at each instant. The observation is the entire image frame. The non-linearity and the multimodality of the state-space necessitates the use of Particle Filter. The illumination vector along with motion makes the state-space large dimensional thus making the implementation of regular particle filter expensive. PF-MT has been designed to tackle this problem but it does not utilize the sparsity constraint and hence fails to detect the sparse illumination vector. So we design an algorithm that would use particle filter and importance sample on the motion or the ’effective space’ and the mode tracking step of PF-MT is replaced by the Modified Compressed Sensing for estimating the ’residual space’. Simulation and also experiments with real video demonstrate the advantage of the proposed algorithm over other existing PF based algorithms.
Efficient Privacy-Preserving Range Queries over Encrypted Data in Cloud Computing (2013)

With the growing popularity of data and service outsourcing, where the data resides on remote servers in encrypted form, there remain open questions about what kind of query operations can be performed on the encrypted data. In this paper, we focus on one such important query operation, namely range query. One of the basic security primitive that can be used to evaluate range queries is secure comparison of encrypted integers. However, the existing secure comparison protocols strongly rely on the encrypted bit-wise representations rather than on pure encrypted integers. Therefore, in this paper, we first propose an efficient method for converting an encrypted integer z into encryptions of the individual bits of z. We then utilize the proposed security primitive to construct a new protocol for secure evaluation of range queries in the cloud computing environment. Furthermore, we empirically show the efficiency gains of using our security primitive over existing method under the range query application.
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of an Auricular Acupuncture Point Decreases Anesthetic Requirement (2002)

This double-blinded trial with an objective outcome demonstrates that electrical stimulation of the lateralization control point significantly reduces anesthetic requirement.
Determination of average effective masses of majority carriers as function of impurity concentrations for heavily doped GaAs (2002)

The average effective masses of majority carriers were calculated in heavily doped n- and p-type GaAs in the impurity concentration range from 10/sup 17/ to 10/sup 20/ cm/sup -3/ at room temperature. The connection between density of states and narrowing of band gap was analyzed using kp-model. Calculated results were shown that the average effective masses of electrons and holes begin to increase for concentrations that are greater than concentrations at which Fermi levels enter the conduction band for n-type and the valence band in p-type GaAs.
Optimality of belief propagation for random assignment problem (2009)

The assignment problem concerns finding the minimum-cost perfect matching in a complete weighted n x n bipartite graph. Any algorithm for this classical question clearly requires Ω(n2) time, and the best known one (Edmonds and Karp, 1972) finds solution in O(n3). For decades, it has remained unknown whether optimal computation time is closer to n3 or n2. We provide answer to this question for random instance of assignment problem. Specifically, we establish that Belief Propagation finds solution in O(n2) time when edge-weights are i.i.d. with light tailed distribution.
Unfolding intermediates in the triple helix to coil transition of bovine type XI collagen and human type V collagens alpha 1(2) alpha 2 and alpha 1 alpha 2 alpha 3. (1990)

The thermal triple helix to coil transitions of two human type V collagens (alpha 1(2) alpha 2 and alpha 1 alpha 2 alpha 3) and bovine type XI collagen differ from those of the interstitial collagens type I, II, and III by the presence of unfolding intermediates. The total transition enthalpy of these collagens is comparable to the transition enthalpy of the interstitial collagens with values of 17.9 kJ/mol tripeptide units for type XI collagen, 22.9 kJ/mol for type V (alpha 1(2) alpha 2), and 18.5 kJ/mol for type V (alpha 1 alpha 2 alpha 3). It is shown by optical rotatory dispersion and differential scanning calorimetry that complex transition curves with stable intermediates exist. Type XI collagen has two main transitions at 38.5 and 41.5 degrees C and a smaller transition at 40.1 degrees C. Type V (alpha 1(2) alpha 2) shows two main transitions at 38.2 and 42.9 degrees C and two smaller transitions at 40.1 and 41.3 degrees C. Compared to these two collagens type V (alpha 1 alpha 2 alpha 3) unfolds at a lower temperature with two main transitions at 36.4 and 38.1 degrees C and two minor transitions at 40.5 and 42.9 degrees C. The intermediates present at different temperatures are characterized by resistance to trypsin digestion, length measurements of the resistant fragments after rotary shadowing, and amino-terminal sequencing. One of the intermediate peptides has been identified as belonging to the alpha 2 type V chain, starting at position 430 and being about 380 residues long. (The residue numbering begins with the first residue of the first amino-terminal tripeptide unit of the main triple helix. The alpha 2(XI) chain was assumed to be the same length as the alpha 1(XI). One intermediate was identified from the alpha 2(XI) chain and with starting position at residue 495, and three from the alpha 3(XI) with starting positions at residues 519, 585, and 618.
Inhibition of murine leukaemia virus reverse transcriptase by 2-halogenated polyadenylic acids (1982)

Several new analogues of polyadenylic acid [(A)n], i.e. poly(2-fluoroadenylic acid) [(fl2A)n], poly(2-chloroadenylic acid [(cl2A)n], poly(2-bromoadenylic acid) [(br2A)n] and poly(2-iodoadenylic acid) [(io2A)n] have been synthesized and evaluated for their effects on the RNA-directed DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) activity of Moloney murine leukaemia virus. All (A)n analogues were found to be potent inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, the order of (decreasing) potency being (fl2A)n greater than (io2A)n greater than (br2A)n greater than (cl2A)n. For all four (A)n analogues the inhibition of reverse transcriptase was competitive with respect to the template-primer. (A)n . oligo(dT). The K1 values were 0.02 microgram/ml for (fl2A)n, 0.1 microgram/ml for (io2A)n, 0.5 microgram/ml for (br2A)n and 8 microgram/ml for (cl2A)n. With a Ki of 0.02 microgram/ml (approx. 0.04 microM), (fl2A)n can be considered as one of the most, if not the most, potent polynucleotide inhibitor of reverse transcriptase that has been described so far.
Convection-Enhanced Delivery for the Treatment of Pediatric Neurologic Disorders (2008)

Direct perfusion of specific regions of the central nervous system by convection-enhanced delivery is becoming more widely used for the delivery of compounds in the research and treatment of various neural disorders. In contrast to other currently available central nervous system delivery techniques, convection-enhanced delivery relies on bulk flow for distribution of solute. This allows for safe, targeted, reliable, and homogeneous delivery of small-molecular-weight and large-molecular-weight substances over clinically relevant volumes in a manner that bypasses the blood-central nervous system barrier. Recent studies have also shown that coinfused imaging surrogate tracers can be used to monitor and control the convective distribution of therapeutic agents in vivo. The unique features of convection-enhanced delivery, including the ability to monitor distribution in realtime, provide an opportunity to develop new research and treatment paradigms for pediatric patients with a variety of intrinsic central nervous system disorders.