gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteomics of the Chloroplast Envelope Membranes from Arabidopsis thaliana (2003)

The development of chloroplasts and the integration of their function within a plant cell rely on the presence of a complex biochemical machinery located within their limiting envelope membranes. To provide the most exhaustive view of the protein repertoire of chloroplast envelope membranes, we analyzed this membrane system using proteomics. To this purpose, we first developed a procedure to prepare highly purified envelope membranes from Arabidopsis chloroplasts. We then extracted envelope proteins using different methods, i.e. chloroform/methanol extraction and alkaline or saline treatments, in order to retrieve as many proteins as possible, from the most to least hydrophobic ones. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses were then performed on each envelope membrane subfraction, leading to the identification of more than 100 proteins. About 80% of the identified proteins are known to be, or are very likely, located in the chloroplast envelope. The validation of localization in the envelope of two phosphate transporters exemplifies the need for a combination of strategies to perform the most exhaustive identification of genuine chloroplast envelope proteins. Interestingly, some of the identified proteins are found to be Nalpha-acetylated, which indicates the accurate location of the N terminus of the corresponding mature protein. With regard to function, more than 50% of the identified proteins have functions known or very likely to be associated with the chloroplast envelope. These proteins are a) involved in ion and metabolite transport, b) components of the protein import machinery, and c) involved in chloroplast lipid metabolism. Some soluble proteins, like proteases, proteins involved in carbon metabolism, or proteins involved in responses to oxidative stress, were associated with envelope membranes. Almost one-third of the proteins we identified have no known function. The present work helps understanding chloroplast envelope metabolism at the molecular level and provides a new overview of the biochemical machinery of the chloroplast envelope membranes.
Camera pose determination from a single view of parallel lines (2005)

In this paper, we present a method for finding the closed form solutions to the problem of determining the pose of a camera with respect to a given set of parallel lines in 3D space from a single view, while it can not be solved by previous methods for the perspective-n-line (PnL) problem. The main idea of our method is that, firstly the distances from the optical center of the camera to these parallel lines are determined, and then the pose parameters are recovered using the obtained distances. The problem of finding these optical-center-to-line distances in fact is the degenerated perspective-n-point (PnP) problem, and we proved that there are at most two solutions for the degenerated P3P problem. An application of our method is to distinguish crosswalks and staircases aiding for the partially sighted. The method also provides a different way to investigate the problem of shape from texture.
Functionalized graphene oxide for clinical glucose biosensing in urine and serum samples (2012)

A novel clinical glucose biosensor fabricated using functionalized metalloid-polymer (silver-silica coated with polyethylene glycol) hybrid nanoparticles on the surface of a graphene oxide nanosheet is reported. The cyclic voltammetric response of glucose oxidase modification on the surface of a functionalized graphene oxide electrode showed a surface-confined reaction and an effective redox potential near zero volts, with a wide linearity of 0.1-20 mM and a sensitivity of 7.66 μA mM(-1) cm(-2). The functionalized graphene oxide electrode showed a better electrocatalytic response toward oxidation of H(2)O(2) and reduction of oxygen. The practical applicability of the functionalized graphene oxide electrode was demonstrated by measuring the peak current against multiple urine and serum samples from diabetic patients. This new hybrid nanoarchitecture combining a three-dimensional metalloid-polymer hybrid and two-dimensional graphene oxide provided a thin solid laminate on the electrode surface. The easy fabrication process and retention of bioactive immobilized enzymes on the functionalized graphene oxide electrode could potentially be extended to detection of other biomolecules, and have broad applications in electrochemical biosensing.
Connectivity-Guaranteed and Obstacle-Adaptive Deployment Schemes for Mobile Sensor Networks (2008)

Mobile sensors can move and self-deploy into a network. While focusing on the problems of coverage, existing deployment schemes mostly over-simplify the conditions for network connectivity: they either assume that the communication range is large enough for sensors in geometric neighborhoods to obtain each other's locationby local communications, or assume a dense network that remains connected. At the same time, an obstacle-free field or full knowledge of the field layout is often assumed. We present new schemes that are not restricted by these assumptions, and thus adapt to a much wider range of application scenarios. While maximizing sensing coverage, our schemes can achieve connectivity for a network with arbitrary sensor communication/sensing ranges or node densities, at the cost of a small moving distance; the schemes do not need any knowledge of the field layout, which can be irregular and have obstacles/holes of arbitrary shape. Simulations results show that the proposed schemes achieve the targeted properties.
Low‐voltage driven control in electrophoresis microchips by traveling electric field (2003)

This paper presents the use of a physical model and numerical simulation in the investigation of traveling electric fields on capillary electrophoresis (CE) chips. The principal material transport mechanisms of electrokinetic migration, ionic concentration, fluid flow, and diffusion are all taken into consideration. Traditionally, the high electric field strength required for the separation of biological samples by microfluidic devices has involved the application of high external voltages. In contrast, this study presents a proposal for samples separation by means of a moving electric field within a low voltage-driven CE chip. Under this proposal, the separation channel is partitioned into a series of smaller separation zones by means of electrode pairs. This paper considers two different electrode configurations, namely arranged along a single side of the separation channel, and arranged on two sides of the separation channel. The quality of the separation achieved with these two configurations is then compared with the traditional straight separation channel approach. The results confirm that the proposed method is successful in maintaining an adequate field strength for separation purposes in a low-voltage driven CE chip. Furthermore, it is determined that the best separation results are obtained using electrodes arranged along both sides of the separation channel.
Observation of the Aharonov-Casher effect for vortices in Josephson-junction arrays (1993)

We have observed quantum interference of vortices in a Josephson-junction array. When vortices cross the array along a doubly connected path, the resultant resistance oscillates periodically with an induced charge enclosed by the path. This phenomenon is a manifestation of the Aharonov-Casher effect. The period of oscillation corresponds to the single electron charge due to tunneling of quasiparticles.
Stereotactic Radiation Therapy Augments Antigen-Specific PD-1–Mediated Antitumor Immune Responses via Cross-Presentation of Tumor Antigen (2014)

The immune-modulating effects of radiotherapy (XRT) have gained considerable interest recently, and there have been multiple reports of synergy between XRT and immunotherapy. However, additional preclinical studies are needed to demonstrate the antigen-specific nature of radiation-induced immune responses and elucidate potential mechanisms of synergy with immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate the ability of stereotactic XRT to induce endogenous antigen-specific immune responses when it is combined with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Using the small animal radiation research platform (SARRP), image-guided stereotactic XRT delivered to B16-OVA melanoma or 4T1-HA breast carcinoma tumors resulted in the development of antigen-specific T cell- and B cell-mediated immune responses. These immune-stimulating effects of XRT were significantly increased when XRT was combined with either anti-PD-1 therapy or regulatory T cell (Treg) depletion, resulting in improved local tumor control. Phenotypic analyses of antigen-specific CD8 T cells revealed that XRT increased the percentage of antigen-experienced T cells and effector memory T cells. Mechanistically, we found that XRT upregulates tumor-associated antigen-MHC complexes, enhances antigen cross-presentation in the draining lymph node, and increases T-cell infiltration into tumors. These findings demonstrate the ability of XRT to prime an endogenous antigen-specific immune response and provide an additional mechanistic rationale for combining radiation with PD-1 blockade in the clinic.
Atomic Computer Simulations of Defect Migration in 3C and 4H-SiC (2004)

Knowledge of the migration of intrinsic point defects is crucial to understand defect recovery, various annealing stages and microstructural evolution after irradiation or ion implantation. Molecular dynamics (MD) and the nudged-elastic band method have been applied to investigate long-range migration of point defects in SiC over the temperature range from 0.36 to 0.95 Tm , and the defect diffusion coefficient, activation energy and defect correlation factor have been determined. The results show that the activation energies for C and Si interstitials in 3C-SiC are about 0.74 and 1.53 eV, respectively, while it is about 0.77 eV for a C interstitial in 4H-SiC. The minima energy paths reveal that the activation energies for C and Si vacancies are about 4.1 and 2.35 eV, respectively. Finally, the results are discussed and compared with experimental observations and available ab initio data.
Synthesis and Dilute Solution Properties of Well-Defined H-Shaped Polybutadienes (2008)

A novel and advantageous approach to synthesis of H-shaped polybutadienes (H-PBd) is reported. The synthetic strategy employs classical anionic polymerization using high-vacuum techniques and utilizes a difunctional linking agent 4-(dichloromethylsilyl)diphenylethylene (DCMSDPE). The synthesis involves (a) growing a living PBd chain using s-BuLi as initiator in benzene at room temperature, (b) titration of DCMSDPE with living PBdLi, (c) addition of s-BuLi to activate the double bond of DPE, (d) subsequent addition of butadiene to generate a living “1/2 H”, which has two arms and half of the final cross-bar, and (e) finally coupling the two “1/2 H” molecules with dichlorodimethylsilane to produce an H-PBd, which has two arms attached to each end of the cross-bar. The weight-average molecular weight, number-average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, intrinsic viscosity, and radius of gyration were characterized by multidetector size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with a refractive index detector, a two-angle (15° and 90°) light scattering detector, and a Viscotek differential viscometer in tetrahydrofuran at 40 °C. The H-PBds showed narrow and symmetrical molecular weight distributions (polydispersity indices, PDI = 1.03−1.06). Furthermore, the use of light scattering detectors showed that there were no detectable high molecular weight, more highly branched components present in these materials. This is an important advantage of this novel approach over previous synthetic routes to H-polymers. The values of the branching parameters g (0.58−0.77) and g′ (0.60−0.75) in the thermodynamically good solvent, tetrahydrofuran, are consistent with values reported previously by Roovers and Toporowski for H polystyrenes in the good solvent toluene. Effects of architecture on the branching parameters are elucidated.
Proteinase 3, Wegener's autoantigen: from gene to antigen (2001)

Proteinase 3 (PR3) is one of four serine protease homologues in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils and granules of monocytes. It is of importance that anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) are mainly directed against PR3 only. Furthermore, PR3 is overexpressed in a variety of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a PR3-derived peptide have been shown to specifically lyse leukemia cells that overexpress PR3. This review will focus on PR3 and the characteristics of PR3 that might implicate this particular antigen in the pathogenesis of WG and as target for immunotherapy in myeloid leukemias. We will discuss the genetic localization and gene regulation of PR3, the processing, storage, and expression of the PR3 protein, and the physiological functions of PR3, and compare this with the three other neutrophil-derived serine proteases: human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and azurocidin. Three main differences are described between PR3 and the other serine proteases. This makes PR3 a very intriguing protein with a large array of physiological functions, some of which may play a role in ANCA-associated vasculitidis and myeloid leukemia.
A next-generation AUV energy system based on aluminum-seawater combustion (2003)

This paper describes a hypothetical seawater-breathing autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) energy system based on the reaction of powdered aluminum. The reaction of aluminum with seawater offers improvement in energy density that will revolutionize long duration underwater operation. Although the system is hypothetical, the critical components are currently undergoing active engineering research and development. Consequently, this paper also describes in more detail the critical components of the system. The technical maturity level of this component development suggests that the development of a next-generation aluminum-seawater combustion system for AUV applications is feasible.
Microfluidic Chip-Based Fabrication of PLGA Microfiber Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering (2008)

In this paper, we have developed a method to produce poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microfibers within a microfluidic chip for the generation of 3D tissue engineering scaffolds. The synthesis of PLGA fibers was achieved by using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic spinning device in which linear streams of PLGA dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were precipitated in a glycerol-containing water solution. By changing the flow rate of PLGA solution from 1 to 50 microL/min with a sheath flow rate of 250 or 1000 microL/min, fibers were formed with diameters that ranged from 20 to 230 microm. The PLGA fibers were comprised of a dense outer surface and a highly porous interior. To evaluate the applicability of PLGA microfibers generated in this process as a cell culture scaffold, L929 fibroblasts were seeded on the PLGA fibers either as-fabricated or coated with fibronectin. L929 fibroblasts showed no significant difference in proliferation on both PLGA microfibers after 5 days of culture. As a test for application as nerve guide, neural progenitor cells were cultured and the neural axons elongated along the PLGA microfibers. Thus our experiments suggest that microfluidic chip-based PLGA microfiber fabrication may be useful for 3D cell culture tissue engineering applications.
Trauma, Psychopathology, and Violence: Causes, Consequences, or Correlates? (2012)

Section I: Setting the Context Chapter 1: Posttraumatic Syndromes and the Problem of Heterogeneity, Naomi Breslau Section II: BIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC FACTORS IN UNDERSTANDING TRAUMA, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND VIOLENCE Chapter 2: Epigenetic Pathways and the Consequences of Adversity and Trauma, Tania L. Roth and Frances A. Champagne Chapter 3: Teasing Out the Role of Genotype in the Development of Psychopathology in Maltreated Children, Sara R. Jaffee Section III: TRAUMA IN CHILDHOOD AND RISK OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND VIOLENCE Chapter 4: The intergenerational transmission of family violence: the neurobiology of the relationship between child victimization, parental mental health and addiction, Michael D. De Bellis Chapter 5: Predictors, Correlates, and Consequences of Trajectories of Antisocial Personality Disorder Symptoms from Early Adolescence to Mid-30s, Patricia Cohen, Thomas Crawford, Henian Chen, Stephanie Kasen, and Kathy Gordon Chapter 6: Children and Adolescents in Disasters, War, and Terrorism: Developmental Pathways to Psychopathology and Resilience, Angela J. Narayan and Ann S. Masten Section IV: CULTURE AND COMMUNITY CONTEXT IN UNDERSTANDING TRAUMA, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, AND VIOLENCE Chapter 7: Four Meanings of Community in Disaster, Fran H. Norris Chapter 8: Epidemiology of violence exposure in the home and community and children's physical health risk: the urban asthma/allergy paradigm, Rosalind J. Wright Section V: Responses to Disasters and Terrorism Chapter 9: An Exploration of Causality in the Development and Timing of Disaster-Related PTSD, Carol S. North Chapter 10: Causal thinking and complex systems approaches for understanding the consequences of trauma, Melissa Tracy, Magdalena Cerda, and Sandro Galea Section VI: EXAMINING TRAUMA, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, AND VIOLENCE IN THE MILITARY Chapter 11: Trauma, Psychopathology and Violence in Recent Combat Veterans, Deirdre MacManus and Simon Wessely Section VII: PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS Chapter 12: Childhood Trauma, Psychopathology and Violence: Disentangling Causes, Consequences, and Correlates, Cathy Spatz Widom and Sally J. Czaja
Strained MTJs with latch-based sensing for stochastic computing (2017)

This paper presents the design and modeling of a strained magneto-tunnel-junction (S-MTJ) for stochastic computing. Due to the inherent half-way deterministic switching offered by an S-MTJ when operated with voltage generated strain, a true random number generator can be implemented due to the random thermal noise that acts on the free layer at room temperature. Using a compact model for the S-MTJ, we demonstrate its applicability for stochastic computing. Since the read operation of a S-MTJ dominates the total power dissipation, we propose a novel dynamic latch-based sense circuit that consumes two orders of magnitude less power than a bias-based sensing scheme.
Human Regulatory T Cells Control Xenogeneic Graft-versus-Host Disease Induced by Autologous T Cells in RAG2−/−γc−/− Immunodeficient Mice (2006)

These results show, for the first time, the potent in vivo capacity of naturally occurring human Tregs to control GvHD-inducing autologous T cells, and indicate that this xenogeneic in vivo model may provide a suitable platform to further explore the in vivo mechanisms of T-cell down-regulation by naturally occurring human Tregs.
Millimicrosecond Pulses in the Millimeter Wave Region (1957)

A system for the generation, amplification, and detection of extremely short, monochromatic pulses in the 5–6 mm region is briefly described. The pulses are 3 mμsec wide at the base, with a peak power of a few milliwatts at 55 kMc/sec; they may be viewed on a commercially available oscilloscope.
Efficient neighbour discovery algorithm for maritime mesh networks with directional antennas (2008)

The proliferation of wireless transceivers and the availability of unlicensed band has given a boost to the deployment of wireless networks, with the IEEE802.11/WiFi being the major driver in this arena. In this paper, we consider a wireless mesh network designed for long distance communication with a typical deployment scenario of a maritime mesh network. This network uses an antenna system made up of six fixed-beamwidth antennas. Directional antennas are used for both transmission and reception as compared to most other directional antenna schemes which use directional antenna for transmission and omni-directional antenna for reception. Through efficient use of directional antennas for both transmission and reception, and spatial reuse in transmission, we are able to realize a high capacity mesh network. We present practical methods and algorithms for the critical phase in the network operation, namely, neighbour discovery. We also show that our proposed scheme is deterministic and able to complete the task in finite time as compared to randomized and probabilistic schemes which have unpredictable execution times.
Lesch‐Nyhan disease as a model for central nervous system directed gene therapy (1995)

Abstract As a model disease for the development of suitable gene transfer techniques and their physiological and neurological testing, Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome (LNS) provides important advantages, including the availability of a well‐characterized genetic defect and candidate metabolic targets, as well as a relevant animal model and appropriate gene transfer vectors. On the other hand, the serious gap between the level of characterization of the underlying genetic defects and the resulting neuropathological effects is one of several major impediments to the development of gene therapy. However, the dopamine defect that occurs in LNS may be much more amenable to genetic manipulation than is the deficiency of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. A genetic approach to the correction of this intermediate biochemical aberration, which probably is responsible for at least some neurological signs and symptoms of LNS, may be within reach of even the currently imperfect tools of gene therapy. Exploration of this possibility, along with other studies, is likely to lead, slowly but surely, to definition of the conditions under which the genetic and neurophysiological aberrations of LNS will be susceptible to a degree of correction that is not possible by drug therapy alone. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of relapse and survival following radical mastectomy.Analysis of 716 consecutive patients (1978)

The records of 716 consecutive patients with breast cancer randomized from January 1964 to January 1968 between radical and extended radical mastectomy not followed by postoperative radiation therapy were reviewed. Relapse and survival rates were related to different patterns with the intent to define, on clinical basis, the high-risk groups in whom systemic adjuvant treatment can be attempted. The 10-year relapse rate was 52.9% for the whole series. In patients with negative axillary nodes (N-) this finding was 27.9% compared to 75.5% for patients with positive nodes (N+ 1-3: 66.5%, N+ greater than 3: 83.6%). The relapse rate was also affected by concomitant involvement of internal mammary nodes (IMN): N- IMN+: 60%, N+ IMN+: 96.7%. The corresponding 10-year survival rates were as follows: 59.7% (total), 81.9% (N-), 39.6% (N+), 53.7% (1-3), 25.6% (greater than 3), 45.8% (N- IMN+), 20.5% (N+ IMN+). In N+ patients relapse and survival rates were directly proportional to the size of primary tumor, while this trend was not present in N- patients. Location of primary tumor as well as menopausal status showed no direct effect on relapse and survival. In both nodal groups the sites of first relapse were documented to occur preferentially in distant organs and tissues.
ChemInform Abstract: Sterically Hindered C<sup>α,α</sup>‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acids: Synthesis from α‐Nitroacetate and Incorporation into Peptides. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.