gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An adaptive echo canceller using parallel Kalman filters (2005)

This paper presents a new method for an adaptive echo canceller in a long distance transmission channel. Since the number of parameters of an echo path is usually greater than 100, it is desired to estimate them as efficiently as possible for real-time processing. We propose new type filters, called parallel Kalman filters, based on the divided estimation of impulse response of an echo path. If the parallel Kalman filters are used, then the number of parameters to be estimated by one processor becomes much smaller than that by the usual Kalman filter. Since complete parallel computations are possible, this algorithm is suitable for an adaptive echo canceller operating in real time. It is very important that the convergency of the estimates to true parameters is guaranteed in the proposed echo canceller under some assumptions.
Model-based estimation of off-highway road geometry using single-axis LADAR and inertial sensing (2006)

This paper applies some previously studied extended Kalman filter techniques for planar road geometry estimation to the domain of autonomous navigation of off-highway vehicles. In this work, a clothoid model of the road geometry is constructed and estimated recursively based on road features extracted from single-axis LADAR range measurements. We present a method for feature extraction of the road centerline in the image plane, and describe its application to recursive estimation of the road geometry. We analyze the performance of our method against simulated motion of varied road geometries and against closed-loop detection, tracking and following of desert roads. Our method accommodates full 6 DOF motion of the vehicle as it navigates, constructs consistent estimates of the road geometry with respect to a fixed global reference frame, and requires an estimate of the sensor pose for each range measurement
Adder bites in Britain. (1976)

Ninety-five cases of adder bite that have occurred in Britain over the past 100 years are reviewed. Most bites occurred in men who foolishly picked up the adder. Three-quarters of the victims reached hospital within two hours of the bite. When venom is injected the early symptoms include local swelling and discoloration, vomiting, diarrhoea, and early collapse, which often resolves spontaneously. In severe poisoning persistent or recurrent shock is the main feature. Children recover quickly but adults may take weeks or months to recover, during which there may be considerable disability in the bitten limb. Deaths are rare: only 14 deaths from poisoning were recorded in the past 100 years. In England and Wales only one death from adder bite was recorded in 1950-72, but there were 61 deaths from bee or wasp stings. In most cases simple symptomatic treatment is enough, but all patients should be carefully monitored. With persistent or recurrent shock Zagreb antivenom is indicated; and it should also be considered in adults seen within two hours of the bite to minimise morbidity from local effects.
Autocrine Regulation of Human Prostate Carcinoma Cell Proliferation by Somatostatin through the Modulation of the SH2 Domain Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (SHP)-1 (2002)

The present study was intended to gain additional information on the growth regulation of prostate by somatostatin (SRIF) and the intracellular events involved. The human prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP produce SRIF and express subtypes 2 and 5 of SRIF receptors. The secretion of SRIF is related to the proliferative status of these cells; an inverse relationship exists between cell proliferation and the amount of secreted SRIF. Moreover, the growth of PC-3 cells is inhibited by SRIF overexpression and increased by blockage of endogenous SRIF. Coincident with the increase in SRIF secretion, the activity and levels of the SH2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-1, present in PC-3 cells are augmented, but the effect can be partially prevented by neutralization of secreted endogenously SRIF. The activity of SHP-1 is also stimulated by the SRIF analog RC160. Overexpression of SHP-1 induces inhibition of PC-3 cell growth. SHP-1 is also present in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and well differentiated adenocarcinoma. In contrast, no signal is detected in poorly differentiated prostate cancer. These findings demonstrate that SRIF inhibits PC-3 and LNCaP cell proliferation through an autocrine/paracrine SRIF loop. This effect could be mediated by activation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 detected in these cells as well as in human prostate and prostate cancer.
Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical Fracture Properties of Fly Ash Geopolymer (2016)

Fly ash geopolymer is amorphous aluminosilicate material which is considered as alternative to Portland cement concrete. One of the limiting factors of its utilization is an increased shrinkage and related deterioration of fracture properties. This paper reports on a study of the application of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to improve the fracture properties of fly ash geopolymer. The amount of MWCNTs added varied in the range of 0.05–0.2% of the mass of fly ash. Mechanical fracture properties were determined via evaluation of three-point bending fracture tests. Specimen response during fracture tests was also monitored by means of acoustic emission, and this method was also used for the determination of cracking tendency occurring during the hardening process. Results show that the addition of MWCNTs increases the elastic modulus and compressive strength of fly ash geopolymer. However, basic fracture parameters (fracture toughness, fracture energy) firstly decreased with very small addition of MWCNTs and were regained or slightly exceeded the reference values with higher amount of MWCNTs.
A programmed schedule of oocyte retrieval using mild ovarian stimulation (clomiphene citrate and recombinant follicle‐stimulating hormone) (2011)

Using this protocol, OPU was performed on the scheduled day in about 80% of the cycles. Most weekend scheduling of OPU can be avoided using this mild stimulation.
AUTOMATED ANALYSIS FOR RAPID DEFECT SOURCING AND YIELD LEARNING (1997)

In 1965 when Gordon Moore made his famous observation regarding the exponential growth of semiconductor device capacity, little consideration was given to the fact that the volume of data required to manage the manufacturing process would follow suit. To stay the course predicted by Moore's Law, it will be required that a rapid reduction in process data be achieved through its conversion to useful process control information. This can be partially accomplished through the introduction of new automation technologies that can assimilate manufacturing data from inspection equipment to assist the engineer in the rapid root-cause diagnosis of defect generating mechanisms. These analysis tools will be required to achieve cost-effective yield learning in the next generation fab. In this article, we describe an emerging technology known as Spatial Signature Analysis (SSA) which automates the interpretation of product wafer defect data. SSA is an artificial intelligence method that has been developed in partnership between SEMATECH, Austin, Texas, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The method relies on capturing operator experience through a teaching method to emulate the human response to various manufacturing situations. This has been successfully accomplished through the development and application of an image processing-based, fuzzy classifier system. The technique uses data collected from current in-line inspection tools to interpret and rapidly identify characteristic patterns, or signatures, that are uniquely associated with the manufacturing process. The SSA system then alerts fabrication engineers to probable yield-limiting conditions that require attention. The system has been validated at three major manufacturing sites around the U.S. and is now available as a product through several commercial suppliers. We conclude by discussing future directions required for this and similar technologies if next generation productivity goals are to be achieved.
Adaptive equalization: transitioning from single-carrier to multicarrier systems (2005)

This article discusses the creation of adaptive algorithms for channel shortening, with particular attention to blind algorithms. The context is multicarrier modulation, through other applications of channel shortening are discussed. It is shown that the algorithms used for adaptive equalization are not easily applied to adaptive channel shortening. In a return to first principles, a property restoral design philosophy is put forth and several recent property-restoral-based approaches to adaptive channel shortening are reviewed. The authors conclude with a discussion of the limitations of the current approaches and a list of open problems in the area of adaptive channel shortening.
1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-Octaazacyclotetracosane-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaacetic Acid (H8OTEC) and 1,4,7,10,14,17,20,23-Octaazacyclohexacosane- 1,4,7,10,14,17,20,23-octaacetic Acid (H8OHEC): Synthesis and Characterization of Two Large Macrocyclic Polyamine Polycarboxylic Ligands and Some of Their Copper(II) and Lanthanide(III) Complexes (1997)

The optimized synthesis of two new macrocyclic polyamine polycarboxylic ligands, 1,4,7,10,14,17,20,23-octaazacyclohexacosane-1,4,7,10,14,17,20,23-octaacetic acid (H8OHEC) (10) and 1,4,7, 10,13,16,19,22-octaazacyclotetracosane-1,4,7,10, 13,16,19,22-octaacetic acid (H8OTEC) (12), is presented. The key step in the synthesis of both is the high yield carboxymethylation of the corresponding macrocyclic amines using tert-butyl bromoacetate followed by acidic hydrolysis of the acetate protecting groups. The molecular structures of the intermediates 1,4,7,10,14,17,20,23-octaazacyclohexacosane (OHEC-amine) (8), and octa-tert-butyl 1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22- octaazacyclotetracosane-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaacetate (OTEC-ester) (11) are determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. OHEC-amine 8 reacts with 2 equiv. of CuSO4 yielding the dinuclear complex [Cu2(OHEC-amine)](SO4)2 (13). Complex 13 crystallizes with 16 molecules of water. 13 · 16 H2O contains two copper atoms, which are coordinated in a strongly distorted octahedral fashion by four nitrogen atoms, one oxygen atom from the sulfate dianion and one oxygen atom from a water molecule. The new ligands 10 and 12 are fully characterized by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Both ligands form dinuclear lanthanide(III) chelates (LnY, Sm, Eu, Gd, Yb, Lu), which are stable and highly water soluble. With lanthanum(III) only mononuclear complexes are formed.
Agentless Cloud-Wide Streaming of Guest File System Updates (2014)

We propose a non-intrusive approach for monitoring virtual machines (VMs) in the cloud. At the core of this approach is a mechanism for selective real-time monitoring of guest file updates within VM instances. This mechanism is agentless, requiring no guest VM support. It has low virtual I/O overhead, low latency for emitting file updates, and a scalable design. Its central design principle is distributed streaming of file updates inferred from introspected disk sector writes. The mechanism, called DS-VMI, enables many system administration tasks that involve monitoring files to be performed outside VMs.
Selectively breaking either bond in the bimolecular reaction of HOD with hydrogen atoms (1993)

We have determined the branching ratio for the reaction of hydrogen atoms and HOD with either the O–H bond excited or the O–D bond excited. In both cases, the initially excited bond reacts preferentially. Excitation of the third O–H stretching overtone, 4νOH, favors breaking the O–H bond by a factor of ∼200, and excitation of the fourth O–D stretching overtone, 5νOD, favors breaking the O–D bond by a factor of ∼220. Thus vibrational excitation can control the H+HOD reaction to produce either product almost exclusively. A simple model using the calculated wave function for each state and the measured reaction cross section for a particular vibrational excitation predicts the high selectivity observed for the two reactions.
The foreshock sequence of the February 4, 1975, Haicheng Earthquake (M = 7.3) (1982)

We have examined the locations and radiation patterns of the foreshocks of the February 4, 1975, Haicheng earthquake (M = 7.3). Using arrival times from six local seismic stations, the foreshocks and mainshock were located relative to a master event. The foreshocks occurred in a tight cluster that elongated with time. Before the largest foreshock, the activity was located within a small, approximately equidimensional volume with a diameter of about 2 km. After the largest foreshock, the activity spread northwest and southeast forming a 6‐km‐long, northwest trending zone. First motions and ratios of P to S amplitudes indicate that two different faulting mechanisms occurred during the foreshock sequence. The two radiation patterns can tentatively be correlated with different parts of the zone. The hypocenter of the mainshock was not located on the same fault as that defined by the foreshocks' hypocenters but rather was located 6 km south of and several kilometers shallower than the foreshock cluster. We think this large separation between foreshocks and mainshock in a direction perpendicular both to the plane of rupture of the mainshock and to the trend of the foreshocks might be the result of an en echelon step in the fault that slipped during the mainshock. An analysis of the change in stress due to slip during the foreshocks shows that the increase in shear stress on the mainshock fault caused by the foreshocks is very small and that direct triggering of the mainshock by the foreshocks is unlikely.
Agile Earth Observation Satellite Scheduling Over 20 Years: Formulations, Methods, and Future Directions (2020)

Agile satellites with advanced attitude maneuvering capability are the new generation of earth observation satellites (EOSs). The continuous improvement in satellite technology and decrease in launch cost have boosted the development of agile EOSs (AEOSs). To efficiently employ the increasing orbiting AEOSs, the AEOS scheduling problem (AEOSSP) aiming to maximize the entire observation profit while satisfying all complex operational constraints, has received much attention over the past 20 years. The objectives of this article are, thus, to summarize current research on AEOSSP, identify main accomplishments and highlight potential future research directions. To this end, general definitions of AEOSSP with operational constraints are described initially, followed by its three typical variations including different definitions of observation profit, multiobjective function and autonomous model. A detailed literature review from 1997-2019 is then presented in line with four different solution methods, i.e., exact method, heuristic, metaheuristic, and machine learning. Finally, we discuss a number of topics worth pursuing in the future.
Generalized predictive control with feedforward (GPCF) for multivariable anaesthesia (1992)

Abstract When designing a self–tuning controller for multivariable systems a proper representation of the model structure is important, particularly if the interactions between loops are significant. A popular transfer function structure used to describe multivariable processes is the P–canonical form structure where loop interactions are treated as feedforward couplings. However, polynomial–based controllers can also be applied to multivariable systems by designing several single-input single–output controllers, and compensation for cross–coupling between the different loops can be achieved by treating these interactions as feedforward measurable disturbances. This is the theme of this paper which considers the extension of the Generalized Predictive Control algorithm (GPC) to this technique. Following a derivation of the control strategy, called Generalized Predictive Control with Feedforward (GPCF), it is applied to a realistic nonlinear model for anaesthesia in a series of simulations. These results are compared with those obtained using the multivariable GPC version with a P–canonical form representation for the discrete multivariable model. The GPCF scheme is shown, in this case, to offer advantages over the multivariable GPC in terms of transient responses, interaction reduction, control quality, and computational burden.
Classification of muscarinic responses in hippocampus in terms of receptor subtypes and second-messenger systems: electrophysiological studies in vitro (1988)

The hippocampal slice preparation was used to classify cholinergic effects in terms of muscarinic receptor subtypes (M1 or M2) and biochemical effector systems linked to these effects in CA1 pyramidal cells. Based on the action of the M1 antagonist pirenzepine and the M2 antagonist gallamine, the muscarinic-induced membrane depolarization and blockade of the afterhyperpolarization appear to result from activation of an M1 receptor, while the cholinergic depression of the EPSP and the blockade of a potassium current termed the M-current appears to involve the activation of an M2 receptor. All of the muscarinic actions could be observed in pertussis toxin-treated hippocampi, suggesting that a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein is not involved in these actions. Cholinergic agents that are weak agonists of phosphoinositide (PI) turnover are fully effective in all of the muscarinic actions except the blockade of the M-current on which they had little agonist activity and actually blocked the action of full agonists. These results strongly suggest that the blockade of the M-current may involve stimulation of PI turnover. In addition, we show that the blockade of the M-current is mimicked by intracellular application of inositol trisphosphate. Our results do not show any obvious relationship between the muscarinic receptor subtypes and the biochemical effector systems.
Selsyn design and application (1945)

IN the last few years, new developments of Selsyn principles and new applications of modified designs have opened a vast field of use, the emphasis of which is on the system, within which the Selsyns exert control. The many advantages of these new uses are not yet fully realized. Therefore an explanation of the fundamentals of design and application of Selsyns will give a firmer basis for present applications and increase the future usefulness of this highly versatile means of control.
Linking as constraints on word classes in a hierarchical lexicon (2000)

We propose an account of linking patterns that does away with intermediary mechanisms such as thematic or actor/undergoer hierarchies. Instead, constraints on word classes, defined by both syntactic and semantic criteria, encode generalizations between semantic roles and syntactic arguments. We show that the generalizations a linking theory needs to capture can be modeled via the same mechanisms as other lexical generalizations, using conditions specified within the hierarchy of word classes. Each condition provides a partial specification of the mapping between semantic roles and syntactic arguments. We argue that this constraint-based, verb-class-based view of linking offers several empirical advantages: partial regularities and exceptions are easily accommodated, fine-grained semantic distinctions relevant to linking are countenanced, and cross-cutting similarities between semantic and syntactic verb classes are economically captured.
Monte Carlo calculated stem effect corrections for NE2561 and NE2571 chambers in medium-energy X-ray beams (1995)

This paper presents the stem effect correction factors for the NE2561 and NE2571 ionization chambers calibrated in air and used at a depth in a phantom irradiated by medium-energy x-ray beams. The in air and in phantom stem effect correction factors were calculated as the ratios of the absorbed dose in the air cavity of an ionization chamber without and with a chamber stem. The 'global' stem correction factor was then calculated as the ratio of the in phantom correction factor to the in air correction factor. The calculations were carried out using the EGS4 (electron gamma shower version 4) Monte Carlo code system together with the use of a correlated sampling variance reduction technique. The results show that in general the chamber stem increases the chamber response in air but decreases it in phantom. For an NE2571 chamber the 'global' stem effect correction factor varies from 1.014 +/- 0.001 at 70 kV (2.9 mm A1, 0.1 mm Cu) to 1.005 +/- 0.001 at 300 kV (21.5 mm A1, 5.1 mm Cu) while for an NE2561 chamber it varies from 1.039 +/- 0.002 to 1.010 +/- 0.002 for the same kilovoltage and HVL values. In a 60Co beam the global stem correction is 1.001 +/- 0.001 for an NE2571 chamber and 1.003 +/- 0.001 for an NE2561 chamber. This is consistent with recent experimental results.
Data from a colony of Vieillot's Black Weaver, Melanopteryx (Ploceus) Nigerrimus Vieillot (1970)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Cell-Surface Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Mediates HIV-1 Infection of T-Cell Lines (1993)

The role of cell-surface proteoglycans in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of T-cell lines was investigated. HIV-1-susceptible lymphoblastic T-cell lines, MT-4 and H9, were analyzed for proteoglycan synthesis and found to make heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Enzymatic treatment of these cells with heparitinase, but not chondroitinase, significantly prevented HIV-1(IIIB) infection as measured by inhibition of cytopathicity, reverse transcriptase production, and syncytia formation. Sulfation of glycosaminoglycans HS chains was critical to viral entry as shown by inhibition of viral infection with sodium chlorate and its specific reversal with exogenous sulfate addition. Quantitation of direct virus binding to cells showed that treatment of cells with heparitinase inhibited HIV-1 binding to the T-cell surface. Exogenous HS added to cultures inhibited virus infection in a manner analogous to dextran sulfate, further supporting a functional role for HS in HIV-1 binding. These results provide evidence for participation of cell-surface HS proteoglycans in HIV-cell attachment and virus entry.
The Rising Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (2002)

Australia has a rapidly rising prevalence of diabetes and other categories of abnormal glucose tolerance. The prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance in Australia is one of the highest yet reported from a developed nation with a predominantly Europid background.
Genetic Code Organization and Protein Structure (2008)

Abstract Originally published in: Engineering the Genetic Code. By Nediljko Budisa. Copyright © 2006 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3‐527‐31243‐6 The sections in this article are Basic Features and Adaptive Nature of the Universal Genetic Code Metabolism and Intracellular Uptake of Canonical Amino Acids Physicochemical Properties of Canonical Amino Acids Reasons for the Occurrence of Only 20 Amino Acids in the Genetic Code What Properties of Amino Acids are Best Preserved by the Genetic Code? Evolutionary Legacy: Dual Nature of Conserved Code and Finite Number of Protein Folds Natural Variations in Assignment of Codons of the Universal Genetic Code Nucleoside Modifications and Codon Reassignments Codon Reassignment Concepts Possibly Relevant to Code Engineering Genome Size, Composition, Complexity and Codon Reassignments Stop Codon Takeover, Codon Capture and Codon Ambiguity
Automating the Porting of Linux to the VirtualLogix Hypervisor using Semantic Patches (2008)

International audience