gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas reburn retrofit on an industrial cyclone boiler (1996)

Eastman Kodak Company`s cyclone boiler (Unit No. 43), located in Rochester, New York, is being retrofitted with the gas reburning technology developed by Babcock & Wilcox (B & W) to reduce NO{sub x} emissions in order to comply with the Title I, ozone nonattainment, of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990. The required NO{sub x} reduction from baseline levels necessary to meet the presumptive limit set in New York`s regulation is about 47%. Eastman Kodak and the Gas Research Institute (GRI) are cosponsoring this project. B & W is the prime contractor and contract negotiations with Chevron as the gas supplier are presently being finalized. Equipment installation for the gas reburn system is scheduled for a September 1995 outage. No. 43 Boiler`s maximum continuous rating (MCR) is 550,000 pounds per hour of steam flow or approximately equivalent to 60 MW{sub e}. Because of the compact boiler design, there is insufficient gas residence time to use pulverized coal or oil as the reburn fuel, thus making it a prime candidate for gas reburn. Kodak currently has four cyclone boilers. Based on successful completion of this gas reburn project, modifying the other three cyclone boilers with gas reburn technology ismore » anticipated. The paper will describe B & W`s gas reburn data from a cyclone-equipped pilot facility (B & W`s Small Boiler Simulator), gas reburn design information specific to Eastman Kodak No. 43 Boiler, and numerical modeling experiences based on the pilot-scale Small Boiler Simulator (SBS) results along with those from a full-scale commercial boiler.« less
A macro expansion approach to embedded processor code generation (2002)

This paper describes an experimental prototype of a code generation tool for embedded special-purpose processors. The tool is a retargetable assembly-code-level macro expander capable of program flow analysis. The main advantage of the tool is its strong support for macro hierarchy: hierarchical macro libraries make the code (produced either by the compiler writer or by the assembly language programmer) more modular.
Demonstration of a semipolar (10(1)over-bar(3)over-bar) InGaN/GaN green light emitting diode (2005)

We demonstrate the growth and fabrication of a semipolar (10 (13) over bar) InGaN/GaN green (similar to 525 nm) light emitting diode (LED). The fabricated devices demonstrated a low turn-on voltage of 3.2 V and a series resistance of 14.3 Omega. Electroluminescence measurements on the semipolar LED yielded a reduced blueshifting of the peak emission wavelength with increasing drive current, compared to a reference commercial c-plane LED. On-wafer measurements yielded an approximately linear increase in output power with drive current, with measured values of 19.3 and 264 muW at drive currents of 20 and 250 mA,respectively. The external quantum efficiency did not decrease appreciably at high currents. Polarization anisotropy was also observed in the electroluminescence from the semipolar green LED, with the strongest emission intensity parallel to the [1 (2) over bar 10] direction. A polarization ratio of 0.32 was obtained at a drive current of 20 mA. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics.
Recsys challenge 2018 (2018)

The ACM Recommender Systems Challenge 2018 focused on automatic music playlist continuation, which is a form of the more general task of sequential recommendation. Given a playlist of arbitrary length, the challenge was to recommend up to 500 tracks that fit the target characteristics of the original playlist. For the Challenge, Spotify released a dataset of one million user-created playlists, along with associated metadata. Participants could submit their approaches in two tracks, i.e., main and creative tracks, where the former allowed teams to use solely the provided dataset and the latter allowed them to exploit publicly available external data too. In total, 113 teams submitted 1,228 runs in the main track; 33 teams submitted 239 runs in the creative track. The highest performing team in the main track achieved an R-precision of 0.2241, an NDCG of 0.3946, and an average number of recommended songs clicks of 1.784. In the creative track, an R-precision of 0.2233, an NDCG of 0.3939, and a click rate of 1.785 was realized by the best team.
Microalbuminuria: A marker of critically ill patients (2013)

INTRODUCTION: In Critical care units, prediction of outcome is of vital importance to the clinician. It allows planning of early therapeutic intervention and appropriate counseling of patient. Prognostic measures used in ICU should ideally detect short term changes in critical illnesses and also reflect impact of early therapeutic interventions on the outcome of patient. So sensitive, inexpensive and dynamic prognostic markers which generate rapid and reliable results are therefore desirable in the ICU setting. OBJECTIVES:
[The medium effects on fluorescence of coumarin-1 complexes]. (1997)

The fluorescence spectra of 4-methyl-7-diethylaminocoumarin (coumarin-1) in cyclohexane-alcohol, 1, 4-dioxane-water binary mixed solvents and cyclodextrin, surfactant aqueous solutions were studied in detail. The reasons that fluorescence spectrum of coumarin-1 is very sensitive to environmental polar change were discussed based on solvent-solute molecule hydrogen bond and its effects on formation of nonradiative twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state for the fluorescence probe. In the meanwhile, it' s inclusion constant with CD and bonding constant with surfactan micella were determined.
Coulomb disorder in three-dimensional Dirac systems (2014)

In three-dimensional materials with a Dirac spectrum, weak short-ranged disorder is essentially irrelevant near the Dirac point. This is manifestly not the case for Coulomb disorder, where the long-ranged nature of the potential produced by charged impurities implies large fluctuations of the disorder potential even when impurities are sparse, and these fluctuations are screened by the formation of electron/hole puddles. In this paper, I present a theory of such nonlinear screening of Coulomb disorder in three-dimensional Dirac systems, and I derive the typical magnitude of the disorder potential, the corresponding density of states, and the size and density of electron/hole puddles. The resulting conductivity is also discussed.
Processing and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals/Polylactic Acid Nanocomposite Films (2015)

The focus of this study is to examine the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) on the properties of polylactic acid (PLA) films. The films are fabricated via melt compounding and melt fiber spinning followed by compression molding. Film fracture morphology, thermal properties, crystallization behavior, thermo-mechanical behavior, and mechanical behavior were determined as a function of CNC content using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile testing. Film crystallinity increases with increasing CNC content indicating CNC act as nucleating agents, promoting crystallization. Furthermore, the addition of CNC increased the film storage modulus and slightly broadened the glass transition region.
Nonsurgical, nonorthotic treatment of occipital plagiocephaly: what is the natural history of the misshapen neonatal head? (1997)

Management of neonates with nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly has been controversial, and there has been a lack of uniformity concerning its treatment. Patients with nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly have been treated surgically or with cranial remodeling orthotic devices and have shown improvement in asymmetry. The cost of orthotic treatment has risen, and its validity has been contested by many third-party insurance payers. The effectiveness of orthotic treatment has not been adequately compared to the natural history of nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly. A nonsurgical, nonorthotic treatment study was initiated in June 1995 at Phoenix Children's Hospital. All new patients referred with a diagnosis of nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly were categorized into two groups: those with mild-to-moderate asymmetry and those with moderate-to-severe asymmetry. Categories were determined by cephalic measurements. The patients with moderate-to-severe asymmetry were offered orthotic treatment with a cranial remodeling band. Those patients with mild-to-moderate asymmetry were treated with physiotherapy, repositioning of the head, and repeated notation of cephalic measurements without orthotic devices or surgery. Seventy-two neonates, seen consecutively, with mild-to-moderate, nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly were evaluated by noting cephalic measurements. The parents of six of these patients elected treatment with a cranial remodeling band and results in these patients were excluded from our data. The remaining 66, treated without orthotic devices, showed improvement in average cranial vault asymmetry (CVA) from 9.2 to 4.7 mm over an average treatment period of 4.5 months that commenced when the average age of the patient was 6.4 months. A comparison of the present data with data published in 1994 for neonates treated with a headband indicates that neonates with mild-to-moderate asymmetry who are treated aggressively with physiotherapy and repositioning have similar improvement in CVA.
A Novel Approach to Power Circuit Breaker Design for Replacement of SF6 (2004)

This contribution explores the role of PTFE ablation in enhancing current interruption for various background gases in high voltage circuit breakers. An assessment of the current interruption capability has been made in terms of the arcing duration and the contact gap length at which critical arc extinction is achieved. These observations are supported by measurements of the magnitude of extinction and re-ignition voltage peaks. Most previous and other current experimental work on gas filled circuit breaker design follows conventional wisdom in investigating arcing behaviours at elevated gas pressures (usually up to 6 bar). But in this work we concentrate on the effects of using low gas pressures (less than 1 bar) in the presence of a close-fitting shield of ablatant polymer material (PTFE) that surrounds the electrode assembly of an experimental high power circuit breaker. We demonstrate that for several different gases, arc extinction capability compares well under these conditions with SF6, suggesting that SF6 could be replaced entirely in this novel system by more environmentally friendly gases. Moreover, the critical contact gap lengths at extinction are only slightly greater than when using SF6 at 6 bar. Weight loss measurements from the ablatant shield suggest that a chemical puffer action is the most likely mechanism for achieving the observed arc extinctions in this system.
Frequent emergence and limited geographic dispersal of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2008)

A small number of clonal lineages dominates the global population structure of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), resulting in the concept that MRSA has emerged on a few occasions after penicillinase-stable beta-lactam antibiotics were introduced to clinical practice, followed by intercontinental spread of individual clones. We investigated the evolutionary history of an MRSA clone (ST5) by mutation discovery at 108 loci (46 kb) within a global collection of 135 isolates. The SNPs that were ascertained define a radial phylogenetic structure within ST5 consisting of at least 5 chains of mutational steps that define geographically associated clades. These clades are not concordant with previously described groupings based on staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing. By mapping the number of independent imports of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome methicillin-resistance island, we also show that import has occurred on at least 23 occasions within this single sequence type and that the progeny of such recombinant strains usually are distributed locally rather than globally. These results provide strong evidence that geographical spread of MRSA over long distances and across cultural borders is a rare event compared with the frequency with which the staphylococcal cassette chromosome island has been imported.
Iron-chelating Hydroxamic Acid (Schizokinen) Active in Initiation of Cell Division in <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> (1967)

Bacillus megaterium ATCC 19213 secretes a cell division-initiating "schizokinen" (SK) which accumulates during its culture cycle to a concentration inversely proportional to the iron added to a sucrose-mineral salts medium. Secreted SK was purified from culture filtrates as a red Fe (III) chelate, and a fraction with similar biological properties was obtained from whole cells. Infrared spectra of SK, and analyses of unhydrolyzed and acid-hydrolyzed preparations indicated it to be a secondary hydroxamate; visible absorption maxima of the ferric complex showed pH dependency typical of ferric monohydroxamates. Schizokinen preparations from cultures grown at "normal" and at low Fe concentrations were similar biologically and in certain of their chemical properties, but their R(F) values and infrared spectra suggested nonidentity. Significant lag reduction of B. megaterium was effected by 0.2 mmug of SK per ml; the Fe (III)-SK chelate and "iron-free" SK were equally effective. A 50-mmug amount produced half-maximal growth response of the siderochrome auxotroph, Arthrobacter JG-9. Schizokinen also overcame ferrimycin A inhibition of three Bacillus species. These properties relate the B. megaterium schizokinen to the trihydroxamate siderochromes, although SK appears to be a monohydroxamate.
Surgical mortality and type of anesthesia provider. (2003)

Although estimates of anesthesia-related deaths today are as low as 1 in 200,000 to 300,000 cases, questions remain about surgical patients' safety related to types of anesthesia providers. We studied the effect of type of anesthesia provider on mortality rates of Medicare patients undergoing 8 different surgical procedures. Risk-adjusted mortality rates were analyzed for 404,194 inpatients undergoing surgery and having complete, unambiguous Medicare bills for anesthesia. Mortality was compared for anesthesiologists working alone, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) working alone, and anesthesia care teams. Procedure-specific risk-adjustment models were derived using stepwise logistic regression. Predictions were adjusted for institutional and geographic factors. Mortality rates for conditions studied ranged from 0.11% to 1.20%. Observed and predicted values by type of provider were not statistically significantly different. Hospitals without anesthesiologists had results similar to hospitals where anesthesiologists provided or directed anesthesia care.
Peptide Surface Display and Secretion Using Two LPXTG-Containing Surface Proteins from <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> BR11 (2003)

A locus encoding two repetitive proteins that have LPXTG cell wall anchoring signals from Lactobacillus fermentum BR11 has been identified by using an antiserum raised against whole L. fermentum BR11 cells. The first protein, Rlp, is similar to the Rib surface protein from Streptococcus agalactiae, while the other protein, Mlp, is similar to the mucus binding protein Mub from Lactobacillus reuteri. It was shown that multiple copies of mlp exist in the genome of L. fermentum BR11. Regions of Rlp, Mlp, and the previously characterized surface protein BspA were used to surface display or secrete heterologous peptides in L. fermentum. The peptides tested were 10 amino acids of the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein and a six-histidine epitope (His(6)). The BspA promoter and secretion signal were used in combination with the Rlp cell wall sorting signal to express, export, and covalently anchor the heterologous peptides to the cell wall. Detection of the cell surface protein fusions revealed that Rlp was a significantly better surface display vector than BspA despite having lower cellular levels (0.7 mg per liter for the Rlp fusion compared with 4 mg per liter for the BspA fusion). The mlp promoter and encoded secretion signal were used to express and export large (328-kDa at 10 mg per liter) and small (27-kDa at 0.06 mg per liter) amino-terminal fragments of the Mlp protein fused to the His(6) and CFTR peptides or His(6) peptide, respectively. Therefore, these newly described proteins from L. fermentum BR11 have potential as protein production and targeting vectors.
Towards a comprehensive X-ray approach for studying the photosynthetic manganese complex–XANES, Kα/Kβ/Kβ-satellite emission lines, RIXS, and comparative computational approaches for selected model complexes (2009)

Advanced X-ray spectroscopy experiments can contribute to elucidation of the mechanism of water oxidation in biological (tetra-manganese complex of Photosystem II) and artificial systems. Although the electronic structure of the catalytic metal site is of high interest, it is experimentally not easily accessible. Therefore, we and other researchers are working towards a comprehensive approach involving a combination of methods, namely (1) quantitative analysis of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra collected at the K-edge and, in the long run, at the L-edge of manganese; (2) high-resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) of Kα and Kβ lines, (3) two-dimensional resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra. Collection of these spectroscopic data sets requires state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation facilities as well as experimental strategies to minimize the radiation-induced modifications of the samples. Data analysis requires the use and development of appropriate theoretical tools. Here, we present exemplary data collected for three multi-nuclear synthetic Mn complexes with the Mn ions in the oxidation states II, III, and IV, and for MnVII of the permanganate ion. Emission spectra are calculated for the MnVII ion using both multiple-scattering (MS) approach and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT).
Applications of deterministic and stochastic rock physics modeling to anisotropic velocity model building (2010)

Modern anisotropic depth imaging requires transverse isotropy (TI) velocity models. These models are often difficult to construct without additional information not included within the acquired seismic data, such as checkshot data. Rock physics compaction modeling of shales and sandy shales can be use to constrain and predict anisotropic parameters of sediments whose depositional environment is governed by compaction. In this study, I present several applications of rock physics modeling to anisotropic velocity model building. I show how both deterministic and stochastic rock physics modeling can be used for initial anisotropic velocity model building and as a constraint for anisotropic parameter estimation. In all cases, all predicted anisotropy models are physical and realizable in terms of effective medium theory (i.e., they will not violate elasticity theory).
Etch-eroded fiber coupler for whispering-gallery-mode excitation in high-Q silica microspheres (1999)

A simple and inexpensive technique for the excitation of whispering-gallery-modes in silica microspheres is presented. In this technique, the cladding of a single-mode optical fiber is etched chemically in order to expose the fiber's evanescent field. The cladding can be eroded partially, or removed completely with continued etching into the core. The etch-erosion procedure requires a minimum of specialized equipment and preparation time.
Peptide-loaded chimeric influenza virosomes for efficient in vivo induction of cytotoxic T cells (2005)

Virus-specific CD8(+) T cells are thought to play an important role in resolving acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as viral clearance has been associated with a strong and sustained CD8(+) T cell response. During the chronic state of HCV infection virus-specific T cells have a low frequency and a reduced responsiveness. Based on this, a therapeutic vaccine increasing the frequency of specific T cells is a promising alternative for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. We improved an existing vaccine platform based on immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIVs) for efficient delivery of peptide epitopes to the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway. IRIVs are proteoliposomes composed of phospholipids and influenza surface glycoproteins. Due to their fusogenic activity, IRIVs are able to deliver encapsulated macromolecules, e.g. peptides to immunocompetent cells. We developed a novel method based on chimeric virosomes [chimeric immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (CIRIVs)] combining the high peptide-encapsulation capacity of liposomes and the fusion activity of virosomes. This new approach resulted in a 30-fold increase of the amount of incorporated soluble peptide compared with current preparation methods. To study the immunogenicity of chimeric virosomes HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice were immunized with CIRIVs containing the HCV Core132 peptide. Core132-CIRIVs efficiently induced specific cytotoxic and IFNgamma-producing T cells already with low peptide doses. Vaccine formulations, which include combinations of different HCV-derived CTL epitopes could be used to induce not only a strong but also a multi-specific CTL response, making them potential candidates for therapeutic and maybe prophylactic T cell vaccines in humans.
A Design Study of Direct‐Touch Interaction for Exploratory 3D Scientific Visualization (2012)

Abstract We present an interaction design study of several non‐overlapping direct‐touch interaction widgets, postures, and bi‐manual techniques to support the needs of scientists who are exploring a dataset. The final interaction design supports navigation/zoom, cutting plane interaction, a drilling exploration, the placement of seed particles in 3D space, and the exploration of temporal data evolution. To ground our design, we conducted a requirements analysis and used a participatory design approach throughout development. We chose simulations in the field of fluid mechanics as our example domain and, in the paper, discuss our choice of techniques, their adaptation to our target domain, and discuss how they facilitate the necessary combination of visualization control and data exploration. We evaluated our resulting interactive data exploration system with seven fluid mechanics experts and report on their qualitative feedback. While we use flow visualization as our application domain, the developed techniques were designed with generalizability in mind and we discuss several implications of our work on further development of direct‐touch data exploration techniques for scientific visualization in general.
A class of hierarchical networks for VLSI/WSI based multicomputers (1991)

A class of hierarchical networks is proposed for multicomputer implementation using VLSI and wafer scale integration (VLSI/WSI). These networks, called DBCube, connect clusters of cube topology based nodes with a De Bruijn graph. The nodes are identical and can be easily extended to a larger size. The cube topology for local communication allows easy embedding of parallel algorithms and the De Bruijn graph provides shortest distance among different clusters. The authors compare the DBCube with other networks in terms of topological properties. They compute the silicon area requirement of DBCube. The DBCube topology is such that testing of the network before metallization make it easily configurable to DBCube of smaller size. Potential extension of the DBCube is also addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Resolution Function in Prestack Depth Migration (1999)

Abstract We consider the problem of constructing the depth image of a subsurface model based on surface measurements.
An adaptive optics imaging system designed for clinical use: publisher’s note (2015)

This publisher's note amends the author list and Acknowledgments of a recent publication [Biomed. Opt. Express6, 2120 (2015)].[This corrects the article on p. 2120 in vol. 6, PMID: 26114033.].