gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global analysis of the core cell cycle regulators of Arabidopsis identifies novel genes, reveals multiple and highly specific profiles of expression and provides a coherent model for plant cell cycle control (2005)

Arabidopsis has over 80 genes encoding conserved and plant-specific core cell cycle regulators, but in most cases neither their timing of expression in the cell cycle is known nor whether they represent redundant and/or tissue-specific functions. Here we identify novel cell cycle regulators, including new cyclin-dependent kinases related to the mammalian galactosyltransferase-associated protein kinase p58, and new classes of cyclin-like and CDK-like proteins showing strong tissue specificity of expression. We analyse expression of all cell cycle regulators in synchronized Arabidopsis cell cultures using multiple approaches including Affymetrix microarrays, massively parallel signature sequencing and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and in plant material using the results of over 320 microarray experiments. These global analyses reveal that most core cell cycle regulators are expressed across almost all tissues and more than 85% are expressed at detectable levels in the cell suspension culture, allowing us to present a unified model of transcriptional regulation of the plant cell cycle. Characteristic patterns of D-cyclin expression in early and late G1 phase, either limited to the re-entry cycle or continuously oscillating, suggest that several CYCD genes with strong oscillatory regulation in late G1 may play the role of cyclin E in plants. Alone amongst the six groups of A and B type cyclins, members of CYCA3 peak in S-phase suggest it is a major component of S-phase kinases, whereas others show a peak in G2/M. 82 genes share this G2/M regulatory pattern, about half being new candidate mitotic genes of previously unknown function.
Video object segmentation by extended recursive-shortest-spanning-tree method. (1999)

A new video object segmentation algorithm, which utilizes an extension of recursive shortest spanning tree (RSST) algorithm, is introduced. A 2-D affine motion model is assumed, and correspondingly, for each region, the planar approximation for the given dense motion vector field is computed. Starting from each 2×2 block as a distinct region, the algorithm recursively searches for the best pair of adjacent regions to merge. The “best pair ” is defined as the one merging of which causes the least degradation in the performance of the piecewise planar motion vector field approximation. The RSST method is fast, parameter-free and requires no initial guess, unlike the existing algorithms. Moreover it is a hierarchical scheme, giving various segmentation masks from coarsest to finest. The algorithm successfully captures 3-D planar objects in the scene with acceptable accuracy in the boundaries, which can be further improved by utilizing the spatial information. Improvement over the existing European COST 211 Analysis Model (AM) is observed when the motion segmentation submodule of AM is replaced by the proposed algorithm.
The power of shadows: shadow stereopsis (1989)

Our ability to localize objects in three-dimensional space relies primarily on the stereoscopic capability of our visual system. It is generally believed that parallax disparities in the retinal images in our two eyes are required for experiencing stereovision. Traditionally, parallax disparities refer to points that are well defined within the objects, such as edges or boundaries. Shadows can create abrupt luminance changes in the scene but are neither edges nor boundaries, and their position varies with the position of the light sources. It is demonstrated that retinal images with no parallax disparity but with different shadows are fused stereoscopically, imparting depth perception to the imaged scene. Shadows are shown to be an important, hitherto undescribed stereoscopic cue for depth perception.
Coordinate Regulation of Catecholamine Uptake by rab3 and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (2002)

Previously we observed that rab3 GTPases modulate both the secretion of catecholamines from PC12 neuroendocrine cells and the steady-state accumulation of exogenous norepinephrine (NE) into these cells (Weber, E., Jilling, T., and Kirk, K. L. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 6963-6971). Here we addressed the mechanisms by which these monomeric GTPases stimulate NE uptake by PC12 cells including their effects on uptake kinetics, their sites of action (secretory granule membrane versus plasma membrane), and the involvement of rab3-interacting proteins in this process. We observed that rab3B stimulated the rate and maximal accumulation of radiolabeled NE into large dense core vesicles within intact PC12 cells. rab3A and rab3B also increased NE uptake into large dense core vesicles in digitonin-permeabilized PC12 cells, which indicates that these GTPases stimulate catecholamine uptake at the level of the secretory granule membrane. In an attempt to identify rab3B targets that may mediate this effect on NE uptake, we found that rab3B interacts directly with phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in a GTP-dependent fashion and that PI3K activity was elevated in PC12 cells overexpressing rab3B. Furthermore, two structurally distinct inhibitors of PI3K (wortmannin and LY294002) inhibited NE uptake in intact as well as digitonin-permeabilized PC12 cells, but had no effect on calcium-evoked NE secretion. Our results indicate that rab3 and PI3K positively and coordinately regulate NE uptake in PC12 neuroendocrine cells at least in part by stimulating the secretory vesicle uptake step.
Reaction-controlled diffraction grating of photopolymer for use of phase stable holographic optical element (2011)

Herein we propose control of polymerization kinetics to prevent inherent scattering problem of holographic photopolymer system that is caused by a phase separation between matrix and photopolymerized grating polymers. To elucidate this, in this letter, phase stability of the photopolymer system was studied with molecular dynamic simulation of Flory–Huggins theory and was investigated in the respect of polymerization kinetics. It was controlled with the variables of monomer conversion and degree of polymerization by varying both reaction time and rates. In addition, volume grating fixing effect of post ultraviolet treatment on photopolymer was examined.
An Optical Fiber Sensor for the Detection of Germicidal UV Irradiation Using Narrowband Luminescent Coatings (2004)

A narrowband luminescent coating for germicidal 254-nm ultraviolet optical fiber sensors has been developed. A mixture of phosphor and epoxy is used for this coating. The luminescent-clad sensing principle uses a fiber, which has had its cladding and jacket both removed, and a photoluminescent coating replacing the cladding. As the coating luminesces, part of the emission is coupled to the fiber core through evanescent wave coupling. The combined absorption spectrum of the phosphor and the transmission spectrum of the epoxy result in a narrow sensitivity band of wavelengths being detected, centered around 254 nm. The absorption of the 254-nm radiation incident on the coating is emitted as visible light in the optical fiber sensor. This paper describes the development and testing of this narrowband coating using a spectrophotometer to examine its responsivity, and a luminescent-coated optical fiber sensor is compared with a UV photodiode when illuminated by a UV lamp. This optical fiber sensor monitors the output of UV lamps for stabilization and control purposes.
Functions and breakdown products (1993)

A.H. Merrill, Jr., YA. Hannun, and R.M. Bell, Sphingolipids and Their Metabolites in Cell Regulation. Function of Sphingolipids and Sphingolipid Derived Products in Signal Transduction: Y.A. Hannun and R.M. Bell, The Sphingomyelin Cycle: A Prototypic Sphingolipid Signaling Pathway. Y.A. Hannun, L.M. Obeid, and R.A. Wolff, The Novel Second Messenger Ceramide: Identification, Mechanism of Action, and Cellular Activity. S. Mathias and R. Kolesnick, Ceramide: A Novel Second Messenger. R.T Dobrowsky and Y.A. Hannun, Ceramide-Activated Protein Phosphatase. Partial Purification and Relationship to Protein Phosphatase 2A. S. Spiegel, A. Olivera and R.O. Carlson, The Role of Sphingosine in Cell Growth Regulation and Transmembrane Signaling. R.J. Davis, Sphingolipid Regulation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. S Hakomori and Y. Igarashi, Gangliosides and Glycosphingolipids as Modulators of Cell Growth, Adhesions, and Transmembrane Signaling. Biologic and Pharmacologic Functions: P.H. Fishman, T. Pacuszka, and P.A. Orlandi, Gangliosides as Receptors for Bacterial Enterotoxins. C.A. Lingwood, Verotoxins and Their Glycolipid Receptors. P. Fredman, Glycosphingolipid Tumor Antigens. G. Tettamanti and L. Riboni, Gangliosides and Modulation of Neural Cells Function. H. Manev, A. Guidotti, and E. Costa, Protection by Gangliosides against Glutamate Excitotoxicity. A. Kendler and G. Dawson, The Role of Glycosphingolipids in Hypoxic Cell Injury. M. Saito, Bioactive Gangliosides Differentiation-Inducers for Hemopoietic Cells and Their Mechanism(s) of Actions.
Teixobactin analogues reveal enduracididine to be non-essential for highly potent antibacterial activity and lipid II binding (2017)

Teixobactin is a highly promising antibacterial depsipeptide consisting of four d-amino acids and a rare l-<i>allo</i>-enduracididine amino acid. l-<i>allo</i>-Enduracididine is reported to be important for the highly potent antibacterial activity of teixobactin. However, it is also a key limiting factor in the development of potent teixobactin analogues due to several synthetic challenges such as it is not commercially available, requires a multistep synthesis, long and repetitive couplings (16-30 hours). Due to all these challenges, the total synthesis of teixobactin is laborious and low yielding (3.3%). In this work, we have identified a unique design and developed a rapid synthesis (10 min μwave assisted coupling per amino acid, 30 min cyclisation) of several highly potent analogues of teixobactin with yields of 10-24% by replacing the l-<i>allo</i>-enduracididine with commercially available non-polar residues such as leucine and isoleucine. Most importantly, the Leu<sub>10</sub>-teixobactin and Ile<sub>10</sub>-teixobactin analogues have shown highly potent antibacterial activity against a broader panel of MRSA and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (VRE). Furthermore, these synthetic analogues displayed identical antibacterial activity to natural teixobactin (MIC 0.25 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>) against MRSA ATCC 33591 despite their simpler design and ease of synthesis. We have confirmed lipid II binding and measured the binding affinities of individual amino acid residues of Ala<sub>10</sub>-teixobactin towards geranyl pyrophosphate by NMR to understand the nature and strength of binding interactions. Contrary to current understanding, we have shown that a cationic amino acid at position 10 is not essential for target (lipid II) binding and potent antibacterial activity of teixobactin. We thus provide strong evidence contrary to the many assumptions made about the mechanism of action of this exciting new antibiotic. Introduction of a non-cationic residue at position 10 allows for tremendous diversification in the design and synthesis of highly potent teixobactin analogues and lays the foundations for the development of teixobactin analogues as new drug-like molecules to target MRSA and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.
Shear-bond strength testing of thin spray-on liners (2007)

A testing method for assessing the shear-bond strength of thin spray-on liner (TSL) on rock substrate was developed at Wits University Rock Mechanics Laboratories. The gap between a 20 mm thick steel ring and a rock core is filled with TSL along the depth of the ring. After the curing of the TSL for a predetermined period, the sample is placed on a base, which offers support to the steel ring and the TSL but not to the rock core. A compressive load is applied on the rock core displacing the core on TSL contact and punching it towards the void in the support base. Shear-bond strengths for different TSL products as well as shotcrete were measured. This paper descriptionbes the test set-up and points out the important aspects and procedures during sample preparation and test execution. The test results are also presented and discussed.
Response of Sweet Orange (<i>Citrus sinensis</i>) to ‘<i>Candidatus</i>Liberibacter asiaticus’ Infection: Microscopy and Microarray Analyses (2008)

Citrus greening or huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease of citrus. HLB is associated with the phloem-limited fastidious prokaryotic alpha-proteobacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter spp.' In this report, we used sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) leaf tissue infected with 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' and compared this with healthy controls. Investigation of the host response was examined with citrus microarray hybridization based on 33,879 expressed sequence tag sequences from several citrus species and hybrids. The microarray analysis indicated that HLB infection significantly affected expression of 624 genes whose encoded proteins were categorized according to function. The categories included genes associated with sugar metabolism, plant defense, phytohormone, and cell wall metabolism, as well as 14 other gene categories. The anatomical analyses indicated that HLB bacterium infection caused phloem disruption, sucrose accumulation, and plugged sieve pores. The up-regulation of three key starch biosynthetic genes including ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase, granule-bound starch synthase and starch debranching enzyme likely contributed to accumulation of starch in HLB-affected leaves. The HLB-associated phloem blockage resulted from the plugged sieve pores rather than the HLB bacterial aggregates since 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' does not form aggregate in citrus. The up-regulation of pp2 gene is related to callose deposition to plug the sieve pores in HLB-affected plants.
[Influence of the Scandinavian dissociated diet regime on the structure of sleep in athletes]. (1989)

Electroencephalographic sleep changes were studied in seven young male cyclists who were given a high carbohydrate diet after a high protein and fat isocaloric diet, during six days. high carbohydrate diet was associated with significantly more slow wave sleep, while significantly more rapid eye movement sleep was found after consuming a high protein fat diet.
Tunable assembly of graphene oxide surfactant sheets: wrinkles, overlaps and impacts on thin film properties (2010)

Graphene oxide (GO) sheets are a unique type of soft building block for creating functional graphene based materials and devices. Rapid progress has been made in the chemistry and applications of GO. However, there is a pressing need for rational assembly strategies of these two-dimensional (2D) sheets, which is crucial for determining the microstructures and thus final properties of bulk GO or graphene materials. For example, wrinkles and overlaps are the two fundamental morphologies between flexible, interacting sheets that are usually convoluted in solution-processed thin films. Based on the recent discovery of the surfactant-like property of GO sheets and their pH dependent amphiphilicity, now we are able to control the tiling of such 2D sheets to obtain thin films with either a wrinkled or overlapped type of microstructure, thus allowing us to deconvolute how these two basic microstructures affect the electrical and optical properties of the final thin films. The work here provides a well-defined example of the materials science paradigm, the microstructure-properties relationship, for this new soft material.
Designing Quiet Structures: A Sound Power Minimization Approach (1997)

Basic Equations of Acoustics. Lumped Parameter Model for the Acoustic Radiation Problem. Numerical Solution of the Acoustic Radiation Problem. Experimental Measurement of the Resistance Matrix. Power Output Computations Using the Resistance Matrix. Minimizing Sound Power Using Material Tailoring. Active Control of Radiated Acoustic Power. Characterizing and Controlling the Sound in an Enclosure. Appendix: Input to and Output from the Computer Programs. Chapter References.
The Cholinergic Hypothesis a Generation Later (2000)

It has been roughly 20 yr since the empirical foundation supporting the cholinergic hypothesis was first established. This evidence was generated by multiple laboratories and clinics, working simultaneously on parallel fronts. Stated in its most simple form, the cholinergic hypothesis contends that: (1) a significant dysfunction of central cholinergic neurons occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with analogous, but much less severe, changes also occurring in aged humans and animals; (2) this cholinergic dysfunction contributes significantly to the cognitive impairments seen in the earlier stages of AD and advanced stages of normal aging; and (3) pharmacological enhancement of cholinergic activity can measurably improve the cognitive function of these patients. Since its inception, the cholinergic hypothesis has generated considerable attention and controversy. For example, the initial article formally articulating the hypothesis (1) ranks fourth among all neuroscience publications of the past 15 yr, in terms of number of citations (2) and yet the hypothesis has also generated a continuing stream of debate and criticism that continues to this day (e.g., see discussion of many key points in 3–7).KeywordsRetention IntervalCholinergic NeuronSenile DementiaMuscarinic AgonistRecent MemoryThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Infrared Spectra of Some Carboxylic Acid Derivatives (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared Spectra of Some Carboxylic Acid DerivativesRobert S. Rasmussen and R. Robert. BrattainCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 3, 1073–1079Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01171a088https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01171a088research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views871Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Digital signal processing (DSP) applications in FT-IR. Implementation examples for rapid and step scan systems (1998)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Raúl Curbelo; Digital signal processing (DSP) applications in FT-IR. Implementation examples for rapid and step scan systems. AIP Conference Proceedings 1 June 1998; 430 (1): 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.55823 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Alkylation and Acylation of Active Methylene Compounds Using 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene as a Base (1979)

Abstract Active methylene compounds are selectively monoalkylated with alkyl halides in benzene using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as a base. Selectivity of monoalkylation decreases when the reaction is carried out in a polar solvent. Ethyl acetoacetate is O-acylated with acyl halides in the presence of DBU in acetonitrile to give the (E)-enol esters stereoselectively.
CLAVATA-WUSCHEL signaling in the shoot meristem (2016)

Shoot meristems are maintained by pluripotent stem cells that are controlled by CLAVATA-WUSCHEL feedback signaling. This pathway, which coordinates stem cell proliferation with differentiation, was first identified in Arabidopsis, but appears to be conserved in diverse higher plant species. In this Review, we highlight the commonalities and differences between CLAVATA-WUSCHEL pathways in different species, with an emphasis on Arabidopsis, maize, rice and tomato. We focus on stem cell control in shoot meristems, but also briefly discuss the role of these signaling components in root meristems.
Encouraging Learner Independence (1996)

My aims in this paper are to look at what learner independence means and then to focus on some ways of encouraging it, developing the students' awareness of what is involved and how to go about the process of achieving more autonomy. I will draw on my personal experience and the work we are doing in the British Council in Bogotá on learner training and fostering good learning habits.
SOME ASPECTS OF PHOSPHATE CHEMISTRY (1959)

Emotions coordinate our behavior and physiological states during survival-salient events and pleasurable interactions. Even though we are often consciously aware of our current emotional state, such as anger or happiness, the mechanisms giving ...Emotions are often felt in the body, and somatosensory feedback has been proposed to trigger conscious emotional experiences. Here we reveal maps of bodily sensations associated with different emotions using a unique topographical self-report method. In ...
Thermal Resistivity Changes in Electron-Irradiated Pyrolytic Graphite (1975)

Changes in the a-axis and the c-axis thermal resistivity of pyrolytic graphite caused by electron irradiation at 82 K and by subsequent isochronal pulse annealing have been measured. The additive thermal resistivity at 78.5 K increases as 9.6×102N0.85f and (7.9±0.6)×103N0.75f cm deg/W in the a-axis and the c-axis directions, respectively, in the region of 2 ppm<Nf<70 ppm, where Nf is the concentration of nearly isolated Frenkel defects produced by irradiation. Annealing of the additive thermal resistivity occurs around 100 K and above about 220 K. The characteristics of annealing stages are different in some important respects from those obtained by Goggin and Reynolds. It is inferred that most interstitials do not recombine with vacancies below about 220 K.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Aminoindoles by a Heteroanulation Reaction (2003)

Chelates are the key: A conceptually novel indole ring forming reaction through heteroanulation is available through the palladium-catalyzed reaction of N-alkenylanilides with primary or secondary amines. The key feature is the formation of an unprecedented σ,π-chelated palladium species (see scheme); nitrogen nucleophiles can add to the activated alkyne unit of this species to form the indole skeleton. (X=I, Br; HNR2R3=prim. or sec. amine; Ts=tosyl.)