gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peer region determination based impulsive noise detection (2003)

A peer region determination (PRD) algorithm for impulsive noise detection in digital images is proposed; it removes random-valued impulsive noise while preserving very fine image details. This algorithm determines the peer region for each pixel adaptively by finding the variation of pixel values in a 5/spl times/5 filter window. If the number of member pixels in the peer region is very small, the pixel being processed is thought to be isolated from other pixels and thus considered as impulsive noise. In addition, this noise detector can be easily modified to perform feature selective filtering. Experimental results show that the proposed noise detection algorithm outperforms other existing non-linear filters and adaptive noise detection based filters in noise removal and image detail preservation. Finally, the concept of the PRD algorithm applied to other image processing applications is discussed.
Feature‐based groupwise registration by hierarchical anatomical correspondence detection (2011)

Groupwise registration has been widely investigated in recent years due to its importance in analyzing population data in many clinical applications. To our best knowledge, most of the groupwise registration algorithms only utilize the intensity information. However, it is well known that using intensity only is not sufficient to achieve the anatomically sound correspondences in medical image registration. In this article, we propose a novel feature-based groupwise registration algorithm to establish the anatomical correspondence across subjects by using the attribute vector that is defined as the morphological signature for each voxel. Similar to most of the state-of-the-art groupwise registration algorithms, which simultaneously estimate the transformation fields for all subjects, we develop an energy function to minimize the intersubject discrepancies on anatomical structures and drive all subjects toward the hidden common space. To make the algorithm efficient and robust, we decouple the complex groupwise registration problem into two easy-to-solve subproblems, namely (1) robust correspondence detection and (2) dense transformation field estimation, which are systematically integrated into a unified framework. To achieve the robust correspondences in the step (1), several strategies are adopted. First, the procedure of feature matching is evaluated within a neighborhood, rather than only on a single voxel. Second, the driving voxels with distinctive image features are designed to drive the transformations of other nondriving voxels. Third, we take advantage of soft correspondence assignment not only in the spatial domain but also across the population of subjects. Specifically, multiple correspondences are allowed to alleviate the ambiguity in establishing correspondences w.r.t. a particular subject and also the contributions from different subjects are dynamically controlled throughout the registration. Eventually in the step (2), based on the correspondences established for the driving voxels, thin-plate spline is used to propagate correspondences on the driving voxels to other locations in the image. By iteratively repeating correspondence detection and dense deformation estimation, all the subjects will be aligned onto the common space. Our feature-based groupwise registration algorithm has been extensively evaluated over 18 elderly brains, 16 brains from NIREP (with 32 manually delineated labels), 40 brains from LONI LPBA40 (with 54 manually delineated labels), and 12 pairs of normal controls and simulated atrophic brain images. In all experiments, our algorithm achieves more robust and accurate registration results, compared with another groupwise algorithm and a pairwise registration method.
Combining alpha radiation-based brachytherapy with immunomodulators promotes complete tumor regression in mice via tumor-specific long-term immune response (2019)

Diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy (DaRT) is the only known method for treating solid tumors with highly destructive alpha radiation. More importantly, as a monotherapy, DaRT has been shown to induce a systemic antitumor immune response following tumor ablation. Here, immunomodulatory strategies to boost the antitumor immune response induced by DaRT, and the response specificity, were investigated in the colon cancer CT26 mouse model. Local treatment prior to DaRT, with the TLR3 agonist poly I:C, was sufficient to inhibit tumor growth relative to poly I:C or DaRT alone. DaRT used in combination with the TLR9 agonist CpG, or with the TLR1/2 agonist XS15 retarded tumor growth and increased tumor-rejection rates, compared to DaRT alone, curing 41% and 20% of the mice, respectively. DaRT in combination with CpG, the Treg inhibitor cyclophosphamide, and the MDSC inhibitor sildenafil, cured 51% of the animals, compared to only 6% and 0% cure when immunomodulation or DaRT was used alone, respectively. Challenge and Winn assays revealed that these high cure rates involved a specific immunological memory against CT26 antigens. We suggest that DaRT acts in synergy with immunomodulation to induce a specific and systemic antitumor immune response. This strategy may serve as a safe and efficient method not only for tumor ablation, but also for in situ vaccination of cancer patients.
[Clinical symptoms of schizophrenia in combination with delirium tremens]. (2001)

In a group of 137 patients with schizophrenia combined with delirium tremens we also observed alcoholic hallucinosis (9.5%) and alcoholic paranoid (0.7%). Delirium tremens was more often observed in patients with schizophrenia in the following age groups: under 19 and of 20-29 years. Meanwhile, the frequency of the onset of the delirium tremens in a group of 2417 patients was higher in the age groups of 35-39 and 60 and over. In the main group of schizophrenic patients the rate of the onset of this endogenous disease was higher in the age groups of 35-39, 40-44 and 50-54 years, as compared with a control group of schizophrenic patients (310 cases). The recurrent course of the disease was observed in these patients more often, whereas a continuous course was quite rare, as compared with a control group. Oneiroid states (9.5%) presented in some patients of the main group. Schizophrenic process was more favorable in combination with delirium tremens.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A FREE-VORTEX AERODYNAMIC WINDOW (1980)

A model of a supersonic free-vortex aerodynamic window has been fabricated and tested. Aerodynamic performance studies show the effectiveness of the model in sealing the simulated laser cavity from higher pressure ambient surroundings. Good starting characteristics and stability of the supersonic window jet are obtained. Static pressure measurements and photographs of the flow fields clearly show the enhanced mixing in the outer boundary of the curved jet and reduced mixing in the inner boundary due to the influence of centrifugal force. The diffuser design which compensates for the growth of the jet resulting from the mixing on each side is discussed and close agreement of the measured cavity pressure with its design value is achieved.
Generalized Coddington Equations for Refractive/Diffractive Hybrid Surfaces (2010)

We derived the generalized Coddington Equations for diffractive/refractive hybrid surfaces by using the general Snell’s law and differential ray tracing approach. The Equations are given in two forms: matrix formalism and explicit expressions.
Systemic Delivery of SapC-DOPS Has Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Effects Against Glioblastoma (2013)

Saposin C-dioleoylphosphatidylserine (SapC-DOPS) nanovesicles are a nanotherapeutic which effectively target and destroy cancer cells. Here, we explore the systemic use of SapC-DOPS in several models of brain cancer, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and the molecular mechanism behind its tumor-selective targeting specificity. Using two validated spontaneous brain tumor models, we demonstrate the ability of SapC-DOPS to selectively and effectively cross the blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB) to target brain tumors in vivo and reveal the targeting to be contingent on the exposure of the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). Increased cell surface expression of PtdSer levels was found to correlate with SapC-DOPS–induced killing efficacy, and tumor targeting in vivo was inhibited by blocking PtdSer exposed on cells. Apart from cancer cell killing, SapC-DOPS also exerted a strong antiangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, unlike traditional chemotherapy, hypoxic cells were sensitized to SapC-DOPS–mediated killing. This study emphasizes the importance of PtdSer exposure for SapC-DOPS targeting and supports the further development of SapC-DOPS as a novel antitumor and antiangiogenic agent for brain tumors. Saposin C-dioleoylphosphatidylserine (SapC-DOPS) nanovesicles are a nanotherapeutic which effectively target and destroy cancer cells. Here, we explore the systemic use of SapC-DOPS in several models of brain cancer, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and the molecular mechanism behind its tumor-selective targeting specificity. Using two validated spontaneous brain tumor models, we demonstrate the ability of SapC-DOPS to selectively and effectively cross the blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB) to target brain tumors in vivo and reveal the targeting to be contingent on the exposure of the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). Increased cell surface expression of PtdSer levels was found to correlate with SapC-DOPS–induced killing efficacy, and tumor targeting in vivo was inhibited by blocking PtdSer exposed on cells. Apart from cancer cell killing, SapC-DOPS also exerted a strong antiangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, unlike traditional chemotherapy, hypoxic cells were sensitized to SapC-DOPS–mediated killing. This study emphasizes the importance of PtdSer exposure for SapC-DOPS targeting and supports the further development of SapC-DOPS as a novel antitumor and antiangiogenic agent for brain tumors.
Augmenting Online Conversation through Automated Discourse Tagging (2005)

In face-to-face communication, the communicative function of the spoken text is clarified through supporting verbal and nonverbal discourse devices. In computer-mediated communication, the mediating channel may not be able to carry all those devices. To ensure the original intent gets communicated effectively, discourse tags can be embedded in a message to encode the communicative function of text given the context in which it was produced. The receiving client can then generate its own supporting discourse devices from the received tags, taking into account the receiver's context. Spark is a synchronous CMC architecture based on this concept of a message transformation, where an outgoing text message gets automatically annotated with discourse function markup that is then rendered as nonverbal discourse cues by a graphical avatar agent on the receiver side. A user study performed on a derived application for collaborative route planning demonstrates the strength of the approach.
CD1d-Independent NKT Cells in β2-Microglobulin-Deficient Mice Have Hybrid Phenotype and Function of NK and T Cells (2004)

Unlike CD1d-restricted NK1.1(+)TCRalphabeta(+) (NKT) cells, which have been extensively studied, little is known about CD1d-independent NKT cells. To characterize their functions, we analyzed NKT cells in beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m)-deficient B6 mice. They are similar to NK cells and expressed NK cell receptors, including Ly49, CD94/NKG2, NKG2D, and 2B4. NKT cells were found in normal numbers in mice that are deficient in beta(2)m, MHC class II, or both. They were also found in the male HY Ag-specific TCR-transgenic mice independent of positive or negative selection in the thymus. For functional analysis of CD1d-independent NKT cells, we developed a culture system in which CD1d-independent NKT cells, but not NK, T, or most CD1d-restricted NKT cells, grew in the presence of an intermediate dose of IL-2. IL-2-activated CD1d-independent NKT cells were similar to IL-2-activated NK cells and efficiently killed the TAP-mutant murine T lymphoma line RMA-S, but not the parental RMA cells. They also killed beta(2)m-deficient Con A blasts, but not normal B6 Con A blasts, indicating that the cytotoxicity is inhibited by MHC class I on target cells. IL-2-activated NKT cells expressing transgenic TCR specific for the HY peptide presented by D(b) killed RMA-S, but not RMA, cells. They also killed RMA (H-2(b)) cells that were preincubated with the HY peptide. NKT cells from beta(2)m-deficient mice, upon CD3 cross-linking, secreted IFN-gamma and IL-2, but very little IL-4. Thus, CD1d-independent NKT cells are significantly different from CD1d-restricted NKT cells. They have hybrid phenotypes and functions of NK cells and T cells.
Inflammation Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Humans: Insights from Data-Driven and Mechanistic Models into Survival and Death (2016)

Inflammation induced by traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex mediator of morbidity and mortality. We have previously demonstrated the utility of both data-driven and mechanistic models in settings of traumatic injury. We hypothesized that differential dynamic inflammation programs characterize TBI survivors vs. non-survivors, and sought to leverage computational modeling to derive novel insights into this life/death bifurcation. Thirteen inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were determined using Luminex™ in serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 31 TBI patients over 5 days. In this cohort, 5 were non-survivors (Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] score = 1) and 26 were survivors (GOS > 1). A Pearson correlation analysis of initial injury (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS]) vs. GOS suggested that survivors and non-survivors had distinct clinical response trajectories to injury. Statistically significant differences in interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were observed between TBI survivors vs. non-survivors over 5 days. Principal Component Analysis and Dynamic Bayesian Network inference suggested differential roles of chemokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10, based upon which an ordinary differential equation model of TBI was generated. This model was calibrated separately to the time course data of TBI survivors vs. non-survivors as a function of initial GCS. Analysis of parameter values in ensembles of simulations from these models suggested differences in microglial and damage responses in TBI survivors vs. non-survivors. These studies suggest the utility of combined data-driven and mechanistic models in the context of human TBI.
Smart sensing using custom photo-application-specific integrated circuits and charge-coupled device technology (1995)

Modern semiconductor technologies make it possible to fabricate photosensors whose geometry and functionality are adapted to specific sensing tasks of various optical measurement techniques. Several such smart sensors, realized with commercially available CMOS/CCD processes, have been demonstrated successfully in different optical sensing applications: (1) a novel absolute position encoder with 10-nm resolution and 50-nm differential accuracy, (2) a dynamic CCD image sensor whose pixel size and shape can be varied in real time, (3) an image sensor capable of carrying out convolutions with arbitrary kernel sizes on-chip and during the exposure, and (4) a 2-D, synchronous detector/demodulator ("lock-in CCD") for applications in heterodyne interferometry and time-of-flight (laser-radar) depth imaging. Several of these devices and techniques rely on dynamic, real-time clocking schemes, for which a universal smart sensor controller was developed, capable of controlling and driving almost any existing CCD/CMOS image sensor at clock rates of up to 25 MHz. The availability of design and fabrication facilities for custom photosensors and imagers, produced quickly and quite inexpensively even in prototype quantities, opens up new possibilities for a wide range of traditional and novel optical measurement techniques.
Convergence of the Robbins-Monro algorithm under arbitrary disturbances (2002)

The Robbins-Monro algorithm under arbitrary deterministic disturbances is studied and necessary and sufficient conditions on the noise sequence are obtained for convergence of the algorithm. We introduce a notion of persistently disturbing noise sequences, and show that it characterises convergence of the algorithm under each fixed noise sequence. The results obtained are stronger than previous conditions and the proof techniques are simpler, involving only basic notions of convergence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancements for hyper-threading technology in the operating system: seeking the optimal scheduling (2002)

Hyper-Threading Technology (HT) is Intel®'s implementation of Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT). HT delivers two logical processors that can execute different tasks simultaneously using shared hardware resources on the processor package. In general a multi-threaded application that scales well and is optimized on SMP systems should be able to benefit on systems with HT as well for most cases, without any changes, although the operating system (OS) needs HT-specific enhancements. Among those we found process scheduling is one of the most crucial enhancements required in the OS, and we have been seeking the optimal scheduling for HT, evaluating various ideas and algorithms. One of our finds is, to efficiently utilize such execution resources, severe resource contention against the same and limited execution resource should be avoided in a processor package. The OS can attempt to utilize the CPU execution resources in processor packages if it can monitor and predict how the processes and system utilize the CPU execution resources in the multiprocessor environment. We have implemented a supplementary functionality for the scheduler called Micro-Architectural Scheduling Assist (MASA) on Linux (2.4.18) chiefly as a user program, rather than in the scheduler itself. This is because we believe that the users can tune the system more effectively for various workloads if we clarify how it works as a distinct entity. Most of this problem and solution is generic; all we require is for the OS to support an API for processor affinity and to provide per-thread or per-process hardware event counts from the hardware performance monitoring counters at runtime.
Exploring a digital library through key ideas (2008)

Key Ideas is a technique for exploring digital libraries by navigating passages that repeat across multiple books. From these popular passages emerge quotations that authors have copied from book to book because they capture an idea particularly well: Jefferson on liberty; Stanton on women's rights; and Gibson on cyberpunk. We augment Popular Passages by extracting key terms from the surrounding context and computing sets of related key terms. We then create an interaction model where readers fluidly explore the library by viewing popular quotations on a particular key term, and follow links to quotations on related key terms. In this paper we describe our vision and motivation for Key Ideas, present an implementation running over a massive, real-world digital library consisting of over a million scanned books, and describe some of the technical and design challenges. The principal contribution of this paper is the interaction model and prototype system for browsing digital libraries of books using key terms extracted from the aggregate context of popularly quoted passages.
CMOL-Based Cellular Neural Networks and Parallel Processor for Future Image Processing (2008)

Hybrid CMOS/molecular (CMOL) circuits are promising for future high-performance VLSIs. Recently, digital and mixed-signal CMOL-based image-processing circuits were proposed. Although these circuits have ultra-high performances, several problems exist. In this paper, CMOL-based analog cellular neural network (CNN) and digital parallel image processor is proposed. The CMOL-based CNN has high speed and good fabrication tolerance. The parallel processor has high peak performance with easy configurability.
Von Willebrand Factor Release and P-Selectin Expression Is Stimulated by Thrombin and Trypsin but not IL-1 in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells (1993)

The stimulated release of von Willebrand factor (vWF) from endothelial cells by secretagogues such as thrombin is associated with the translocation of Weibel-Palade bodies to the cell membrane and the surface expression of P-selectin (also known as GMP 140, PADGEM and CD 62). P-selectin, which is stored in Weibel-Palade bodies, is a neutrophil and monocyte adhesion molecule important in the initiation of inflammation. We have developed a simple assay for the detection of P-selectin on endothelial cells using indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry and have confirmed that this is temporally related to vWF release. The assay has been used to demonstrate that IL-1 does not cause Weibel-Palade body degranulation but that trypsin does. This has implications for the use of passaged endothelial cells in the study of vWF release and the assay has numerous possible applications in study of mechanisms of stimulated vWF release.
Convergence Between Science and Environmental Education (2014)

Citizen science and concerns about sustainability can catalyze much-needed synergy between environmental education and science education.
Gold dust retinopathy after the ingestion of canthaxanthine to produce skin‐bronzing (1985)

On routine examination a 50-year-old white male Australian was found to have small golden particles in the macular regions of both eyes. He was found to have a history of canthaxanthine ingestion to produce skin-bronzing.
Sequential impact of tiazofurin and ribavirin on the enzymic program of the bone marrow. (1993)

Tiazofurin and ribavirin are clinically used inhibitors of IMP dehydrogenase (DH), binding to the NAD and IMP sites, respectively, of the target enzyme. In patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis, daily tiazofurin infusions decreased the high IMP DH activity in blast cells and resulted in 77% response (G. Weber. In: R. A. Harkness et al., Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism in Man, Vol. VII, Part B, pp. 287-292, 1991). However, patients relapsed in a few weeks with emergence of high IMP DH activity (G. Tricot et al., Int. J. Cell Cloning, 8: 161-170, 1990). The present study showed that the tiazofurin-induced depression of IMP DH activity in rat bone marrow can be maintained by ribavirin injection. Tiazofurin (150 mg/kg, i.p., once a day for 2 days) decreased IMP DH activity to 10% and ribavirin (250 mg/kg, i.p., once a day for the subsequent 3 days) maintained the enzymic activity at 20 to 30% of control values. In control rats where no ribavirin was given, IMP DH activity of the tiazofurin-treated rats rapidly returned to the range of untreated animals. The decrease of IMP DH activity (t1/2 = 2.6 h) sharply preceded that of the bone marrow cellularity (t1/2 = 17.4 h). In addition to the target enzyme, IMP DH, tiazofurin also decreased activities of the guanylate metabolic enzymes, guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and GMP reductase, and the pyrimidine salvage enzymes, deoxycytidine and thymidine kinases with t1/2 of 2.6, 4.7, 6.0, 3.4, and 6.5 h, respectively. In cycloheximide-treated rats, where much of protein biosynthesis was blocked, the t1/2(8) of these five enzymes in bone marrow were shorter, 1.6, 4.3, 3.0, 0.6, and 0.8 h, respectively. Thus, the impact of tiazofurin in the bone marrow entails a decrease in the activity of the target enzyme, IMP DH, and also of other enzymes in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis as a result of the enzyme half-lives shortened by this drug. These novel observations should assist in achieving better protection and recovery of bone marrow during and after chemotherapy.