gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Effects of Phenolic Rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) Extracts, Monomeric Hydroxycinnamates, and Ferulic Acid Dehydrodimers on Human Low-Density Lipoproteins (2001)

Dietary antioxidants that protect low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from oxidation may help to prevent atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The antioxidant activities of purified monomeric and dimeric hydroxycinnamates and of phenolic extracts from rye (whole grain, bran, and flour) were investigated using an in vitro copper-catalyzed human LDL oxidation assay. The most abundant ferulic acid dehydrodimer (diFA) found in rye, 8-O-4-diFA, was a slightly better antioxidant than ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid. The antioxidant activity of the 8-5-diFA was comparable to that of ferulic acid, but neither 5-5-diFA nor 8-5-benzofuran-diFA inhibited LDL oxidation when added at 10-40 microM. The antioxidant activity of the monomeric hydroxycinnamates decreased in the following order: caffeic acid > sinapic acid > ferulic acid > p-coumaric acid. The antioxidant activity of rye extracts was significantly correlated with their total content of monomeric and dimeric hydroxycinnamates, and the rye bran extract was the most potent. The data suggest that especially rye bran provides a source of dietary phenolic antioxidants that may have potential health effects.
Inflation Accounting: The SEC Proposal for Replacement Cost Disclosures (1976)

On August 21, 1975, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) entered the inflation accounting arena with a proposal that might be called revolutionary.' This article examines the implications of that proposal for the analysis of financial statements. The SEC proposes requiring disclosure affecting both the balance sheet and the income statement. For the balance sheet, the disclosures would provide the current replacement cost of both inventory and those plant assets used in operations at the balance sheet date(s). For income statements the required disclosures would tell the replacement cost of goods sold computed at the times of sale and depreciation charges for the year based on the average replacement costs of plant during the year. The SEC does not propose requiring supplementary financial statements based on the new disclosures, only the disclosures themselves. As is often the case, the SEC requires supplemental disclosure of financial information without requiring that income or financial position be measured in a way different from that currently considered generally acceptable by the accounting profession. That is, the SEC is often content to have financial statement readers informed of important information without requiring that alternative financial position and income amounts be shown.2 In the case of the new proposed replacement cost disclosures, the SEC may have refrained from specifying that supplementary financial statements be issued because there is still considerable argument among theorists about how income should be measured in replacement cost terms. There are at least three measures of income that emerge from the use of replacement cost information. Later in this article we discuss each of these concepts of income and how the analyst might view them.
Intermittent high-dose aclarubicin in patients with advanced cancer: a phase I study with special reference to cardiac toxicity. (1983)

Aclarubicin was given iv every 3 weeks to 21 patients with a variety of solid tumors. Four dose levels were tested: 80, 100, 120, and 140 mg/m2. The median cumulative dose was 270 mg/m2 (range, 80-900). No objective responses were observed. Hematologic toxicity was dose-limiting. All patients experienced moderate to severe gastrointestinal toxicity. Five of 13 patients evaluable for cardiac function showed clinical signs and ECG changes suggestive of cardiac dysfunction. The suggested maximum dose for phase II trials is 120-140 mg/m2 iv given in an intermittent 3-week schedule.
Influence of Low Lead Fuels on Exhaust Valve Performance (1971)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An extensive series of tests has been completed to evaluate accelerated exhaust valve seat wear which occurs in passenger car engines with lead-free gasoline. Results indicate that the predominate factor contributing to seat recession is vibration induced relative motion between the valve and seat. Engine speed rather than load or temperature showed the greatest influence on accelerated wear. Various combinations of valve head shape including changes in seat angle, seat width, and valve head stiffness were studied. Fixed versus rotated valves, various valve materials, and face coatings and fuel additive evaluations also were made. Reduced valve seat angles and hardened seats showed the greatest reduction in valve seat wear with lead-free gasoline.</div>
Controlling cellular biomechanics of human mesenchymal stem cells (2009)

The therapeutic efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) depends on proper characterization and control of their unique biological, mechanical and physicochemical properties. For example, cellular biomechanics and environmental mechanical cues have been shown to critically influence cell commitment to a particular lineage. We characterized biomechanical properties of hMSCs including cytoskeleton elasticity and plasma membrane/cytoskeleton coupling. As expected, during osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, the cellular biomechanics is remodeled, and such remodeling precedes up-regulation of the osteogenic markers. Further, application of an electrical stimulation modulates the cellular biomechanics and therefore may be used to facilitate stem cell differentiation for stem cell-based tissue engineering.
Adder on ternary base elements for a quantum computer (2009)

A circuit consisting of elementary quantum logic operators has been proposed for an adder in the ternary number system. A sequence of RF magnetic field pulses has been found for its implementation by the nuclear magnetic resonance method on a chain of quadrupole nuclei with spin I = 1. The numerical simulation of the adder operation has been performed.
Design and fabrication of efficient optical elements to generate intensity weighted spot arrays (1990)

The authors take the approach that the beam splitter design has to be carried out fully in two dimensions. They have made a number of binary phase gratings that operate in the Fourier plane, next to a focusing lens or lens pair. The elements are designed to change the single focused spot into an array of spots with a given distribution of intensity and given separation. They are only interested in the intensity distribution in the focal plane, and therefore the distance between the focusing lens and the grating is unimportant. >
XXVI. Optical constants of metals in the infra-red—experimental methods (1955)

Summary For metals the principal angle of incidence in the infra-red is near 90° and it has been shown that the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant are best obtained by measuring ρ and Δ; ρ is the ratio of the reflectivities of the p- and s- components and Δ the relative phase difference. ρ and Δ may be obtained without using birefringent materials by measuring two ratios of intensities, a technique which provides a cross-check. The experimental methods and arrangements developed to measure a number of metals in the spectral range 2μ to 12μ are described ; this range can be extended where necessary. Use of multiple reflections is discussed and errors are examined. Measurements are reported of evaporated aluminium mirrors since these are frequently used.
The biochemistry and technology of tea manufacture (1980)

This review surveys tea‐production technology, chemistry of raw and manufactured tea as well as tea tasting appraisal and chemical analysis of manufactured tea. The paper describes the healthful properties of tea, gives general information on the tea plant and manufactured tea, and presents classification of teas as related to the processing of black, green, yellow, and red tea, green pressed tea as well as instant tea and tea dyes. The paper discusses the chemical composition of raw and manufactured tea as well as approaches to the evaluation of tea quality — tea tasting appraisal and chemical analysis. The paper is supplied with the conclusions and references. The section on the healthful properties of tea discusses various aspects of catechin effects — vitamin P, antimicrobial, antioxidative and radioprotective effects. Also described are favorable effects of tea alkaloids — caffeine, theobromine, theophylline that dilatate cerebral vessels and alleviate headaches. The section on the production of different teas (black, green, yellow, red, instant teas, and tea dyes) considers technological methods and biochemical bases of various types of tea manufacture. The role of tea leaf enzymes in the oxidative processes determining the tea quality is discussed in detail. This section also describes the contribution of thermochemical processes into the formation of tea flavor. The compounds dictating tea taste and aroma are discussed, particulary tannins and catechins, volatile oils, nitrogen compounds, and some other substances.
Occurrence of a Uridine Diphosphate Glucose:Sterol Glucosyltransferase in Candida bogoriensis (1972)

Abstract Crude extracts prepared by sonicating Candida bogoriensis cells catalyzed the incorporation of radioactivity from UDP-[14C]glucose into a lipid different from the hydroxydocosanoic acid glycosides also formed by this organism. 1-Butanol-acetone extraction of lyophilized crude extract made the glycosyltransferase dependent upon added C. bogoriensis lipids. The active lipid acceptor was purified and identified as ergosterol, and both authentic ergosterol and cholesterol were effective in stimulating glucosyltransferase activity. Incubation of the 1-butanol-acetone extract with UDP-[14C]glucose and [1,2-3H]cholesterol yielded a glycolipid product containing equimolar amounts of 14C and 3H. The product was stable to sodium methoxide but was hydrolyzed in methanolic HCl, and therefore has the properties of cholesteryl glucoside. The crude UDP-glucose: sterol glucosyltransferase was stimulated by ethanol in the range of 7 to 15% by volume, and retained activity in up to 20% ethanol.
ICI cancellation for OFDM communication systems in time-varying multipath fading channels (2005)

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, time-varying multipath fading leads to the loss of subcarrier orthogonality and the occurrence of intercarrier interference (ICI). In this study, an efficient ICI suppression with less noise enhancement for multicarrier equalization is presented by using a parallel canceling scheme via frequency-domain equalization techniques, with the assumption that the channel impulse response (CIR) varies linearly during a block period. In order to avoid performance deterioration due to unreliable initial estimations in the parallel cancellation scheme, a cost function with proper weighting factor is introduced to improve the performance of the proposed equalizer. The proposed equalizer consists of a set of prefilters and a set of ICI cancellation filters, with two stages to perform different functions to achieve minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization. The prefilters compensate for the multiplicative distortion at the first stage, and the ICI cancellation filters remove the effects of ICI by a parallel cancellation scheme at the second stage. Finally, the performance of the proposed equalizer is analyzed and compared with that of other equalizers, indicating significant performance improvement.
SK<sub>Ca</sub>Channels Mediate the Medium But Not the Slow Calcium-Activated Afterhyperpolarization in Cortical Neurons (2004)

Many neurons, including pyramidal cells of the cortex, express a slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) that regulates their firing. Although initial findings suggested that the current underlying the sAHP could be carried through SK(Ca) channels, recent work has uncovered anomalies that are not congruent with this idea. Here, we used overexpression and dominant-negative strategies to assess the involvement of SK(Ca) channels in mediating the current underlying the sAHP in pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex. Pyramidal cells of layer V exhibit robust AHP currents composed of two kinetically and pharmacologically distinguishable currents known as the medium AHP current (I(mAHP)) and the slow AHP current (I(sAHP)). I(mAHP) is blocked by the SK(Ca) channel blockers apamin and bicuculline, whereas I(sAHP) is resistant to these agents but is inhibited by activation of muscarinic receptors. To test for a role for SK(Ca) channels, we overexpressed K(Ca)2.1 (SK1) and K(Ca)2.2 (SK2), the predominant SK(Ca) subunits expressed in the cortex, in pyramidal cells of cultured brain slices. Overexpression of K(Ca)2.1 and K(Ca)2.2 resulted in a fourfold to fivefold increase in the amplitude of I(mAHP) but had no detectable effect on I(sAHP). As an additional test, we examined I(sAHP) in a transgenic mouse expressing a truncated SK(Ca) subunit (SK3-1B) capable of acting as a dominant negative for the entire family of SK(Ca)-IK(Ca) channels. Expression of SK3-1B profoundly inhibited I(mAHP) but again had no discernable effect on I(sAHP). These results are inconsistent with the proposal that SK(Ca) channels mediate I(sAHP) in pyramidal cells and indicate that a different potassium channel mediates this current.
Inter-Network Spectrum Sharing and Communications in Cognitive Radio Networks Using On-Demand Spectrum Contention and Beacon Period Framing (2011)

Contents 8.1 Introduction .............................................................................................210 8.2 Related Work ........................................................................................... 211 8.3 System Model ...........................................................................................212
Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibition by α-Difluoromethylornithine Activates Opposing Signaling Pathways via Phosphorylation of Both Akt/Protein Kinase B and p27Kip1 in Neuroblastoma (2008)

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a key enzyme in mammalian polyamine biosynthesis that is up-regulated in various types of cancer. We previously showed that treating human neuroblastoma (NB) cells with the ODC inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) depleted polyamine pools and induced G1 cell cycle arrest without causing apoptosis. However, the precise mechanism by which DFMO provokes these changes in NB cells remained unknown. Therefore, we further examined the effects of DFMO, alone and in combination with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 or Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) inhibitor IV, on the regulation of cell survival and cell cycle-associated pathways in LAN-1 NB cells. In the present study, we found that the inhibition of ODC by DFMO promotes cell survival by inducing the phosphorylation of Akt/PKB at residue Ser473 and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta at Ser9. Intriguingly, DFMO also induced the phosphorylation of p27Kip1 at residues Ser10 (nuclear export) and Thr198 (protein stabilization) but not Thr187 (proteasomal degradation). The combined results from this study provide evidence for a direct cross-talk between ODC-dependent metabolic processes and well-established cell signaling pathways that are activated during NB tumorigenesis. The data suggest that inhibition of ODC by DFMO induces two opposing pathways in NB: one promoting cell survival by activating Akt/PKB via the PI3K/Akt pathway and one inducing p27Kip1/retinoblastoma-coupled G1 cell cycle arrest via a mechanism that regulates the phosphorylation and stabilization of p27Kip1. This study presents new information that may explain the moderate efficacy of DFMO monotherapy in clinical trials and reveals potential new targets for DFMO-based combination therapies for NB treatment.
Polysaccharides in Pharmacy: Current Applications and Future Concepts (1989)

Polysaccharides constitute a structurally diverse class of biological macromolecules with a wide range of physicochemical properties, which are the basis for the different applications in the broad field of pharmacy and medicine. Besides the classical applications of these biopolymers in industry and pharmaceutical practice, the relatively new field of the physiologically active polymers will be discussed. Some examples will be given for the so-called immune-modulating antitumor polysaccharides which have been shown to be prominent candidates for an adjuvant tumor therapy.
Hydrophobic Conversion of the Chemical-Vapor-Deposited SiO<sub>2</sub>Surface (1974)

The surface silanol groups of SiO2 react with alcohols and other organic compounds to form alcoxyl groups in situ and their surfaces change into hyprophobic. These surface treatments were applied to the Chemical-Vapor-Deposited SiO2 films, which are widely used in semiconductor devices for passivation and insulation. The properties of the CVD-SiO2 surfaces treated with various alcohols, phenol and silane derivatives were investigated by measuring the contact angle against H2O. The alcoxyl groups were quantitatively evaluated by mass-spec-trometry. It was found that the properties of the treated surface depend on the structure and number of the alcoxyl groups formed, and that the hydrophobic natures of the CVD-SiO2 surfaces can be precisely controlled through these surface treatments.
Reliability studies on high current power modules with parallel mosfets (2009)

In the current range upto 300 amperes, MOSFETs have proved tobe the most acceptable and cost effective devices in power modules for power and auto sectors; beyond 600 amps, IGBT are the preferred devices. To extend the usable range, MOSFETs in parallel are becoming more and more acceptable, provided the design, manufacturability and long term reliability have been fully evaluated for built in current stresses, thermal stresses under steady and transient current loads and ruggedness under the harsh load environments. A half H bridge module with two mosfets in parallel (per arm of the bridge) with a combined current rating of 220 amps have been evaluated for various manufacturing approaches like heavy Al wirebonding, TAB contacts and Au bump approach. The studies have been done under current and thermal stressing with a view to identify possible failure modes. Studies under SEM / SAM indicate sensitivity to damages, if there is improper current distribution along the die as well as substrate; these local variation in current distributions are improper locations of the die contacts (in wire bonding approach), inherent potential variations arising out of current crowding, variations in the effective conductance / inductance of the source and drain circuits. The studies have resulted in the optimization of a power module design addressing critical second order reliability considerations. This work is significant, as the industry is looking for extension of MOSFET usage in higher power needs and at the same time would like to identify and eliminate all long term failure modes.
Suppression of Kindling Behavior (1984)

Kindling behavior culminating with clonic convulsions is produced by 60-Hz sine-wave stimulation of the amygdala. This behavior can be suppressed by stimulation of the same site with 1-Hz or 3-Hz sine waves. Such results have been obtained consistently over many experiments with the manipulation of a number of variables. Suppression appears to be a transient process in that rats will return approximately to their prestimulation thresholds following 2 weeks or more of rest. The severity of suppression is greatest with 120 s or more of sine-wave stimulation and when the intertrial interval is 1 or 3 hours. The effect decreases at 24 hours; at 72 hours, 5 days, and 14 days, it appears to be minimal or nonexistent. These results suggest that tissue damage is not the basis for suppression. Further evidence for this interpretation is provided by results indicating that suppression of kindled behavior is complete and permanent with a single trial of DC stimulation (which produces tissue damage), in contrast to 1-Hz stimulated rats, which show a slow, gradual increase in threshold values over many trials and a strong recovery from the suppression later on.
Design and implementation of Real-Time Voltage Stability Analysis at CAISO (2008)

The real-time voltage stability analysis (RTVSA) project is slated to be a part of the suite of computational tools needed for congestion management in the California ISO (CAISO). This is because the problems of voltage stability will be magnified by the effects of multi-transfers through the network. These simultaneous transfers are manifest due to the buying and selling of electric power when the point of production and the point of delivery may be in geographically distant locations in the CAISO control area. The voltage analysis methods described here include the development of advanced functions such as the exact calculation of point of collapse (PoC) using continuation power flow, the identification of weak elements, the automatic selection of remedial actions and the development of operating nomograms. The RTVSA tool will be integrated with EMS and use results from the state estimator. The RTVSA application is scheduled to go online in the 3rd quarter of 2008.
Exposure of non‐target tissues in medical diathermy (2009)

With different prevalence in different regions, radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) are widely used for therapeutic tissue heating. Although short-wave diathermy (27.12 MHz) is the most popular treatment modality, quantitative data on patient's exposure have been lacking. By numerical simulation with the numerical anatomical model NORMAN, intracorporal distributions of specific absorption rates (SAR) were investigated for different treatment scenarios and applicators. Quantitative data are provided for exposures of target treatment areas as well as for vulnerable regions such as the eye lenses, central nervous system, and testes. Different applicators and distances were investigated. Capacitive and inductive applicators exhibit quite a different heating efficiency. It could be shown that for the same output power therapeutic heat deposition can vary by almost one order of magnitude. By mimicking therapist's practice to use patient's heat perception as an indicator for output power setting, numerical data were elaborated demonstrating that muscle tissue exposures may be several times higher for inductive than for capacitive applicators. Presented quantitative data serve as a guide for power adjustment preventing relevant overexposures without compromising therapy; they also provide a basis for estimating target tissue heat load and developing therapeutic guidelines.
A graphical analysis method to estimate blood-to-tissue transfer constants for tracers with labeled metabolites. (1996)

The extended graphical analysis approach provides an efficient method for estimating blood-tissue transfer constants for tracers with labeled metabolites.
Risk Factors for Completed Suicide in Bipolar Disorder (2002)

The first 7 to 12 years subsequent to onset of affective illness and age less than 35 years may be the high-risk periods for suicide in bipolar disorder. Those bipolar disorder patients who have a first-degree family history of suicide and who have more suicide attempts (at least once in 7 years of illness) are likely to commit suicide. Symptomatology (e.g., mood congruence of psychotic features) at the time of presumed disease onset may potentially differentiate subgroups of bipolar patients with various levels of suicide risk.