gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability of numerical solutions of a diffusion equation modeling rf noise-induced dilution in particle beams (1992)

The dilution process in particle beams caused by noise in the rf accelerating system has been modeled using a diffusion equation. Particle tracking can also be undertaken to determine the effects of rf noise, through it is much more computationally extensive than integrating the diffusion equation. In this paper we present the integration results using the Method of Lines (MOL) for certain important classes of noise. We will describe the numerical algorithms in detail, including those that are made to remove anomalous solutions. Reliability of the numerical results will be checked using both finite-difference and finite-element (Galerkin) methods in discretization and applying the same algorithms to the cases of linear and quadratic diffusion coefficients where exact solutions are known.
Homeostatic removal of senescent murine erythrocytes by splenic macrophages. (1981)

Removal of senescent erythrocytes (RBC) from the circulation was investigated both in vivo and in vitro using inbred BALB/C mice as a model. Murine RBC were pulse-labeled in situ with 59Fe, and young and old peripheral blood RBC were separated by density gradient centrifugation on Percoll gradients. 59Fe labeled young RBC were found at a density of p 1.09. Forty days after 59Fe pulse labeling, 59Fe labeled RBC were found at p = 1.11 and 1.12, 59Fe labeled young or old cells were transfused into mice. Peripheral blood and spleen cell populations (i.e., macrophages, lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and RBC) were assessed for radioactivity at varying time intervals after young or old RBC injection. Spleen cell populations were separated by density gradient centrifugation. The results revealed that senescent RBC were cleared more rapidly from the peripheral blood than were young RBC. and that the rate was related to the incorporation of senescent RBC by splenic macrophages. Studies performed in vitro revealed that splenic macrophages phagocytized autologous senescent RBC but not autologous young RBC. Thus, splenic macrophages can function as homeostatic regulators by selectively phagocytizing senescent cells in situ. Development of a murine model for RBC clearance studies should facilitate further studies on mechanisms of macrophage recognition of effete self RBC and other somatic cells.
Selective post-transcriptional down-regulation of protein kinase C isoenzymes in leukemic T cells chronically treated with phorbol ester. (1990)

Binding to, and activation of, protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol ester (PE) tumor promoters may underlie their tumor-promoting activity. To study the effects of long-term PE treatment on regulation of cellular PKC, we adapted the human leukemic T cell line, Jurkat (JK), to continuous growth in the presence of PE. Such cells (JKPE) displayed loss of CD2 and CD3 cell surface molecules, known to play an important role in agonist-stimulated T cell activation, unresponsiveness to stimuli that induce interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor expression or IL2 production, change in the expression of several cell cycle-regulated genes, and a 6-fold reduction in cellular PKC enzymatic activity. This reduction was accompanied by the disappearance of a major approximately 82-kDa immunoreactive protein in JKPE cytosol when cell extracts were immunoblotted with a polyclonal anti-PKC peptide antibody cross-reactive with the PKC isoenzymes, alpha, beta, and gamma. Analysis with additional anti-peptide antibodies specific for alpha, beta, or gamma PKC indicated that all three types of PKC are expressed in JK cells; however, JKPE cells lost a major approximately 82 kDa immunoreactive cytosolic protein detectable with anti-PKC alpha antibody. In contrast, levels of expression and subcellular distribution of immunoreactive PKC beta and PKC gamma, as well as levels of mRNA specific for the three PKC isoenzymes, were not significantly affected by chronic PE treatment. These results indicate that PE-mediated reduction of PKC in JKPE cells is selective and occurs at the protein, not mRNA, level, and support the notion that distinct isoenzymes encoded by the PKC multigene family may be independently regulated. Moreover, the correlation between phenotypic and functional changes on one hand, and the selective reduction of PKC alpha on the other, raises the possibility that expression of CD2 and/or CD3 and functional activation in JKPE cells are preferentially regulated by PKC alpha.
The Raman Spectrum of the CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Hybrid Perovskite: Interplay of Theory and Experiment (2013)

We report the low-frequency resonant Raman spectrum of methylammonium lead-iodide, a prototypical perovskite for solar cells applications, on mesoporous Al2O3. The measured spectrum assignment is assisted by DFT simulations of the Raman spectra of suitable periodic and model systems. The bands at 62 and 94 cm(-1) are assigned respectively to the bending and to the stretching of the Pb-I bonds, and are thus diagnostic modes of the inorganic cage. We also assign the librations of the organic cations at 119 and 154 cm(-1). The broad, unstructured 200-400 cm(-1) features are assigned to the torsional mode of the methylammonium cations, which we propose as a marker of the orientational disorder of the material. Our study provides the basis to interpret the Raman spectra of organohalide perovskites, which may allow one to further understand the properties of this important class of materials in relation to their full exploitation in solar cells.
Magnetite albumin microspheres: a new MR contrast material (1987)

A superparamagnetic MR contrast agent was synthesized by incorporating 150-250-A particles of magnetite (Fe3O4, Fe2O3) in 1-5 microns human serum albumin microspheres. Magnetite albumin microspheres (MAM) target almost exclusively to the reticuloendothelial system after IV administration, are stable in vitro and in vivo, and possess a long shelf life. The agent has a large magnetic susceptibility effect that selectively reduces T2 with little effect on T1. Biodistribution studies that use a dose of 20 mg MAM/kg show prompt clearance from the blood pool with marked decrease in T2 for rat liver (40%) and spleen (45%) with a small decrease in liver (5%) and spleen (10%) T1 values. Pulmonary T1 and T2 decrease transiently over the first 24 hr, while no significant changes were observed in other tissues. Imaging of a rabbit VX2 tumor model resulted in a 200% increase in the contrast ratio of VX2 tumor to normal liver on T2-weighted and mixed T1-/T2-weighted pulse sequences after administration of contrast agent. The extreme potency, excellent targeting, and apparent lack of toxicity of this agent suggest that MAM probably will have a clinical application in detecting focal hepatic and splenic lesions.
[Hyperthermia and hyperglycemia in the radiation and combined treatment of locally disseminated and recurrent rectal cancer]. (1985)

The results of the use of short-term induced hyperglycemia and local UHF-hyperthermia in radiation therapy of 27 rectal cancer patients aged 17 to 65 were analysed. A primary inoperable locally disseminated tumor process was noted in 8 patients, recurring cancer in 19. A noticeable tumor regression (over 50%) was observed in 7 out of 8 patients making a radical operation possible. With computerized tomography tumor regression was recorded by over 50% in 9 out of 19 nonoperated patients. The data obtained illustrate some potentialities of raising the efficacy of radiotherapy using radiomodifiers.
The development of novel LTA4H modulators to selectively target LTB4 generation (2017)

The pro-inflammatory mediator leukotriene B<sub>4</sub> (LTB<sub>4</sub>) is implicated in the pathologies of an array of diseases and thus represents an attractive therapeutic target. The enzyme leukotriene A<sub>4</sub> hydrolase (LTA<sub>4</sub>H) catalyses the distal step in LTB<sub>4</sub> synthesis and hence inhibitors of this enzyme have been actively pursued. Despite potent LTA<sub>4</sub>H inhibitors entering clinical trials all have failed to show efficacy. We recently identified a secondary anti-inflammatory role for LTA<sub>4</sub>H in degrading the neutrophil chemoattractant Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) and rationalized that the failure of conventional LTA<sub>4</sub>H inhibitors may be that they inadvertently prevented PGP degradation. We demonstrate that these inhibitors do indeed fail to discriminate between the dual activities of LTA<sub>4</sub>H, and enable PGP accumulation in mice. Accordingly, we have developed novel compounds that potently inhibit LTB<sub>4</sub> generation whilst leaving PGP degradation unperturbed. These novel compounds could represent a safer and superior class of LTA<sub>4</sub>H inhibitors for translation into the clinic.
Improved Vaccine against PRRSV: Current Progress and Future Perspective (2017)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), one of the most economically significant pathogens worldwide, has caused numerous outbreaks during the past 30 years. PRRSV infection causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory disease in growing and finishing pigs, leading to huge economic losses for the swine industry. This impact has become even more significant with the recent emergence of highly pathogenic PRRSV strains from China, further exacerbating global food security. Since new PRRSV variants are constantly emerging from outbreaks, current strategies for controlling PRRSV have been largely inadequate, even though our understanding of PRRSV virology, evolution and host immune response has been rapidly expanding. Meanwhile, practical experience has revealed numerous safety and efficacy concerns for currently licensed vaccines, such as shedding of modified live virus (MLV), reversion to virulence, recombination between field strains and MLV and failure to elicit protective immunity against heterogeneous virus. Therefore, an effective vaccine against PRRSV infection is urgently needed. Here, we systematically review recent advances in PRRSV vaccine development. Antigenic variations resulting from PRRSV evolution, identification of neutralizing epitopes for heterogeneous isolates, broad neutralizing antibodies against PRRSV, chimeric virus generated by reverse genetics, and novel PRRSV strains with interferon-inducing phenotype will be discussed in detail. Moreover, techniques that could potentially transform current MLV vaccines into a superior vaccine will receive special emphasis, as will new insights for future PRRSV vaccine development. Ultimately, improved PRRSV vaccines may overcome the disadvantages of current vaccines and minimize the PRRS impact to the swine industry.
Assessment of Data Suitability for Machine Prognosis Using Maximum Mean Discrepancy (2017)

As more and more data become available for machine prognostic analysis in the big data environment, effective data suitability assessment methods become highly desired to help locate data with sufficient quality for analysis. Driven by this purpose, this paper proposes a novel and systematic methodology for data suitability assessment based on the needs of prognostics and health management (PHM). In this study, the data suitability for PHM is assessed from the aspects of detectability, diagnosability, and trendability, which correspond to the three major tasks of PHM: fault detection, fault diagnosis, and degradation assessment. The proposed methodology is mainly built upon the recent research studies on maximum mean discrepancy in the field of machine learning, which include a family of test statistics that are used to test the difference between two data distributions. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated in diverse industrial applications, which include semiconductors, boring tool degradation, and sensorless drive diagnosis. The results in the case studies indicate that the proposed methodology can be a promising tool to evaluate whether the data under study or the extracted feature set is suitable for PHM tasks.
Multiwavelength HCG-VCSEL array (2010)

A multiwavelength HCG VCSEL array has been demonstrated experimentally operating at 1550 nm. The operating wavelength of single mode VCSELs spans from 1540 nm to 1591 nm.
Magnetization dynamics with a spin-transfer torque (2003)

The magnetization reversal and dynamics of a spin valve pillar, whose lateral size is $64\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}64{\mathrm{nm}}^{2},$ are studied by using micromagnetic simulation in the presence of spin-transfer torque. Spin torques display both characteristics of magnetic damping (or antidamping) and of an effective magnetic field. For a steady-state current, both $M\ensuremath{-}I$ and $M\ensuremath{-}H$ hysteresis loops show unique features, including multiple jumps, unusual plateaus, and precessional states. These states originate from the competition between the energy dissipation due to Gilbert damping and the energy accumulation due to the spin torque supplied by the spin current. The magnetic energy oscillates as a function of time even for a steady-state current. For a pulsed current, the minimum width and amplitude of the spin torque for achieving current-driven magnetization reversal are quantitatively determined. The spin torque also shows very interesting thermal activation that is fundamentally different from an ordinary damping effect.
Numerical Modelling to Evaluate the Disinfection Efficacy of Multiple Upper-Room Ultaviolet Germicidal Fixtures System (2015)

In this study, we improved a reported mathematical model to predict the UV irradiance of multiple upper-room ultraviolet germicidal (UR-UVGI) fixtures system and then incorporated an improved drift flux model to study the disinfection efficacy of the system. The effect of operating UR-UVGI fixture number and average UV irradiance were investigated under well-mixed ventilation scheme. Results show that higher disinfection efficacy was found in four UR-UVGI fixtures system whose irradiance distribution is much more symmetrically. Being different from the reported results obtained with winter condition, when apply four UR-UVGI fixtures system on a ventilated room, higher volume average irradiance will be the better disinfection efficacy for the microorganisms Z value less than 0.2m2J-1. When the microorganisms Z value is higher than 0.2m2J-1, the optimal volume average irradiance should be 0.4-0.6Wm-2 for a well-designed UR-UVGI system.
Embryonic stem (ES) cells and embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells: opposite sides of the same coin (2005)

Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are the stem cells of teratocarcinomas, and the malignant counterparts of embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst-stage embryos, whether human or mouse. On prolonged culture in vitro, human ES cells acquire karyotypic changes that are also seen in human EC cells. They also 'adapt', proliferating faster and becoming easier to maintain with time in culture. Furthermore, when cells from such an 'adapted' culture were inoculated into a SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) mouse, we obtained a teratocarcinoma containing histologically recognizable stem cells, which grew out when the tumour was explanted into culture and exhibited properties of the starting ES cells. In these features, the 'adapted' ES cells resembled malignant EC cells. The results suggest that ES cells may develop in culture in ways that mimic changes occurring in EC cells during tumour progression.
Stresses from flexure in composite helical implantable leads (1997)

This study presents a theoretical model of the general stress state found in helical implantable leads in bending. The model accurately predicts stress in large filarity coils made from clad wire. The stress is predicted using flexural rigidity of the coil and is developed to include the effects of coil pitch and the relative amounts and composition of the coil materials. The results is verified using finite element models of coils made from MP35N wire and MP35N clad silver wire. The resulting model will be especially useful for the fatigue analysis and engineering design of implantable leads which are built in this manner.
Capability Based Tagged Architectures (1984)

An architecture is presented which incorporates capability based addressing and memory tagging features. It defines three kinds of mechanisms for the implementation of object types, which correspond to as many different levels of abstraction. At the lower level, there are the machine types, the operations of which are implemented by machine instructions. At the upper level, there are user types, the operations of which are concretized by means of software routines. The intermediate level is that of predefined types; in this case, too, the operations are supported by software routines, but their efficiency of execution is much greater than is usually to be found in operations of user types. However, one drawback is that these routines should be proved to be correct, as they have a potential for corrupting the integrity of the whole protection system.
Piezoelectric Properties of Pb(Mg <sub>1/3</sub> Nb <sub>2/3</sub> )O <sub>3</sub> —PbTiO <sub>3</sub> —PbZrO <sub>3</sub> Solid Solution Ceramics (1965)

Ceramic and electrical properties and crystal structures of the system Pb(Mg l/3 Nb 2/3 ‐ PbTiO 3 ‐PbZrO 3 are described. The system is composed of three crystal phases at room temperature: pseudocubic, tetragonal, and rhombohedral. A high dielectric constant and radial coupling coefficient and low resonant resistance were obtained for the compositions near the morphotropic transformation. The composition Pb(Mg l/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.4375 Ti 0.4375 Zr 0.125 O 3 had the lowest temperature coefficient of resonant frequency.
The phosphorylation of proteins: a major mechanism for biological regulation (1985)

Conference Article| October 01 1985 The phosphorylation of proteins: a major mechanism for biological regulation EDWIN G. KREBS EDWIN G. KREBS 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1985 Biochemical Society1985 Biochem Soc Trans (1985) 13 (5): 813–820. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0130813 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation EDWIN G. KREBS; The phosphorylation of proteins: a major mechanism for biological regulation. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1985; 13 (5): 813–820. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0130813 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1985 Biochemical Society1985 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
New Mechanisms for Laser Cooling (1990)

When an atom or a molecule interacts with a light beam, the light emitted or absorbed carries valuable information about the atomic or molecular structure. This phenomenon underlies the whole field of spectroscopy. But the interaction of a photon with an atom can be used to manipulate the atom as well as to probe its structure. For example, in an approach called optical pumping, invented by Alfred Kastler, one can use the resonant exchange of angular momentum between atoms and polarized photons to align or orient the spins of atoms or to put them in nonequilibrium situations. In his original 1950 paper Kastler also proposed using optical pumping to cool and to heat the internal degrees of freedom, calling the phenomena the “effet luminofrigorique” and the “effet luminocalorique.” Another famous example of the use of photon-atom interaction to control atoms is laser cooling. This technique relies on resonant exchange of linear momentum between photons and atoms to control their external degrees of freedom and thus to reduce their kinetic energy. Laser cooling was suggested independently by Theodor Hänsch and Arthur Schawlow for neutral atoms and by David Wineland and Hans Dehmelt for trapped ions. In an article written three years ago for PHYSICS TODAY (June 1987, page 34), Wineland and Wayne Itano presented the principle of laser cooling and the potential applications of cold atoms to fields of physics such as ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy, atomic clocks, collisions, surface physics and collective quantum effects. At that time laser cooling had brought temperatures down to a few hundred microkelvin, but unexpected improvements during the last three years have dramatically lowered those temperatures to only a few microkelvin. We now feel we understand the new physical mechanisms responsible for these very low temperatures.
Paxillin selectively associates with constitutive and chemoattractant-induced high-affinity α4β1 integrins: implications for integrin signaling (2004)

Leukocyte alpha4beta1 integrins regulate hematopoietic and lymphoid development, as well as the emigration of circulating cells to sites of inflammation. Because vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) binding to high-affinity alpha4beta1 is stable, these integrins can be detected and selectively precipitated from cell lysates using VCAM-1/Fc. With this approach, high-affinity alpha4beta1 integrin expression was demonstrated on lymphocytes in the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and the peritoneal cavity of normal mice, but not in peripheral lymph nodes. Immature lymphocytes preferentially expressed high-affinity alpha4beta1 in the bone marrow and thymus. Paxillin is a cytoplasmic adaptor molecule that can bind to the alpha4 tail and initiate signaling. Paxillin was associated selectively with high-affinity integrins that were isolated from human Jurkat T cells or from murine tissues, and blotting with a phospho-specific antibody demonstrated that Ser988 in the alpha4 cytoplasmic tail was dephosphorylated in high-affinity but not low-affinity integrins. A rapid and transient alpha4beta1 affinity up-regulation in formyl peptide receptor-transfected U937 cells stimulated with N-formyl-methyonyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) correlated temporally with induced paxillin binding to alpha4 integrins. These data suggest that ligand binding to high-affinity alpha4beta1 integrins may initiate outside-in signaling cascades through paxillin that regulate leukocyte maturation and emigration.
Problems in the construction of a space environment simulator. (1963)

Goddard Space Flight Center is constructing a space environment simulator which has advanced the state of the art of environment simulation. Problems concerning the material and construction of reflectors are presented in some detail. At present this facility provides oil-diffusion, cryogenic pumping, and controlled wall temperatures. Solar hardware fabrication is in the process of completion.