gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser flash photolysis studies of the reactions of some 1,4-biradicals (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser flash photolysis studies of the reactions of some 1,4-biradicalsJ. C. ScaianoCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1982, 15, 8, 252–258Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00080a004Request reuse permissionsArticle Views812Altmetric-Citations150LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (800 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performances of Lightwave Interconnection Using Spatial Addressing (LISA) and Its Application for (1991)

A novel architecture for free-space optical inter- connections is described. Named LISA, it is comprised of op- tical array devices and simple electrical logic circuits. One ap- plication of LISA, an interconnection bus for multiprocessor systems is proposed and discussed. The theoretical estimation of LISA'S fan-out characteristics concludes that fan-out is lim- ited by the characteristics of signal transmission rather than those of the optical system and the limitation is far higher than that imposed by electrical interconnection. A 1 X 16 LISA is implemented and fundamental operations at 200 Mb/s are demonstrated.
Antibiotic‐Selective Environments (1998)

The evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance depends on the antibiotic pressure exerted in the microbial environment. Selective effects occur in selective compartments, where particular antibiotic concentrations result in a differential growth rate of resistant bacterial variants. This may happen even at very low antibiotic concentrations able to select low-level-resistant bacteria. When more than one antibiotic is present in the environment, the multiple and fluctuating pressure produces the selection of bacterial variants that use multiple or multipurpose mechanisms or optimize a single mechanism of resistance to survive under the variable environmental conditions. Host factors such as immunity contribute to the selective process. Antibiotics themselves may promote bacterial diversity, either mediated by the random drift effect or triggering the increase of mutational events under bacterial stress. Analysis of selective environment-related antibiotic-host-bacteria interactions is essential to understanding the biology of antibiotic resistance.
EDCA-TM: IEEE 802.11e MAC Enhancement for Wireless Multi-hop Networks (2009)

In this paper, we propose the EDCA-TM, a new architecture which tunes the enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) for multi-hop networks. In EDCA-TM, we suggest a new module for dynamic access category adaptation (DACA) over the existing channel access mechanism such as EDCA. It processes received data packets for assigning an appropriate access categories (AC) to provide delay and rate guarantee to the QoS traffic. In addition, we adopt the earliest deadline first queuing (EDF) scheme to reschedule buffered packets in the AC queues according to their urgency for actual transmission. We have simulated our proposal in the network simulator, ns-2.31, and compared it with EDCA and APHD. Results show that our schemes outperform existing protocols and provide quality service for the traffic flows within the stated requirements.
Design Issues and Outcomes in Ibd Clinical Trials (2005)

Successful clinical trials in inflammatory bowel disease are based on precise definitions of study populations, standardized and well-defined interventions, reliable indices of disease activity, and clearly stipulated outcome measures. Interpretation of research results is often complicated by the differentiation of goals of therapy (remission induction and maintenance, quality of life) and the multitude of patient subsets. Choosing the correct patient subtype to enroll in a clinical trial is critical to the results of a study, its conclusions, and its applicability to the clinical setting. Validated, easy-to-use disease activity indices allow interpretation of results across trials. The use of biomarkers as surrogate clinical endpoints provides reproducibility, ease of statistical handling as a continuous variable, and consistent measurement of response to treatment. Despite these potential advantages, biomarkers of disease activity lack specificity and will need to be validated against clinically meaningful outcomes. Careful subject selection, standardization of disease activity indices, and precise outcome measurement are the keys to continued improvement of the inflammatory bowel disease research process.
Framework for Parsing, Visualizing and Scoring Tissue Microarray Images (2006)

Increasingly automated techniques for arraying, immunostaining, and imaging tissue sections led us to design software for convenient management, display, and scoring. Demand for molecular marker data derived in situ from tissue has driven histology informatics automation to the point where one can envision the computer, rather than the microscope, as the primary viewing platform for histopathological scoring and diagnoses. Tissue microarrays (TMAs), with hundreds or even thousands of patients' tissue sections on each slide, were the first step in this wave of automation. Via TMAs, increasingly rapid identification of the molecular patterns of cancer that define distinct clinical outcome groups among patients has become possible. TMAs have moved the bottleneck of acquiring molecular pattern information away from sampling and processing the tissues to the tasks of scoring and results analyses. The need to read large numbers of new slides, primarily for research purposes, is driving continuing advances in commercially available automated microscopy instruments that already do or soon will automatically image hundreds of slides per day. We reviewed strategies for acquiring, collating, and storing histological images with the goal of streamlining subsequent data analyses. As a result of this work, we report an implementation of software for automated preprocessing, organization, storage, and display of high resolution composite TMA images.
An evaluation of endo-β-D-mannanase (Hemicell) effects on broiler performance and energy use in diets varying in β-mannan content (2004)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of a commercial endo-beta-D-mannanase (Hemicell) on overall performance, MEn, net energy for gain, and some serum parameters of broilers fed diets varying in beta-mannan level (experiment 1) and to evaluate effects of enzyme level on the same variables in broilers fed diet high in beta-mannan (experiment 2). As a semipurified beta-mannan source, guar gum was used to alter the dietary beta-mannan level. In experiment 1, guar gum was added at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% in a corn-soy-based starter diet with (0.05%) and without endo-beta-D-mannanase supplementation in a 4 x 2 factorial design. Enzyme supplementation improved (P < 0.01) feed efficiency at control and each guar gum inclusion level, whereas 2% guar gum supplementation reduced (P < 0.01) BW and increased (P < 0.01) 14-d feed:gain ratio. Enzyme supplementation also increased dietary MEn and net energy gain. In experiment 2, endo-beta-D-mannanase was added at 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5% in a corn-soy-based starter diet containing 1% guar gum. Increasing endo-beta-D-mannanase supplementation did not affect (P > 0.10) final BW but improved 14-d feed:gain ratio at all inclusion levels. As in the first experiment, ME improved (P < 0.05) with increasing enzyme inclusion. Dietary endo-beta-D-mannanase inclusion significantly reduced water:feed ratio and total dry fecal output (P < 0.01). Taken together, the results of these 2 experiments indicate that endo-beta-D-mannanase supplementation may improve the utilization of nutrients in diets containing beta-mannan.
Absorption of pyrvinium pamoate (1976)

Pyrvinium pamoate, tablets and suspension, was administered as single 350-mg doses to 12 healthy male volunteers to determine whether there had been any systemic absorption. Six subjects received tablets and 6 received suspension on the first day; on day 8, subjects received the other dose form. Up to 4 days after administration there was no evidence of drug in blood and urine by spectroflorometric assay. Metabolic studies in rats showed minute quantities of drug in the liver and plasma but not of any metabolites.
From today's augmented houses to tomorrow's smart homes (2014)

A considerable amount of research has been carried out towards making long-standing smart home visions technically feasible. The technologically augmented homes made possible by this work are starting to become reality, but thus far living in and interacting with such homes has introduced significant complexity while offering limited benefit. As these technologies are increasingly adopted, the knowledge we gain from their use suggests a need to revisit the opportunities and challenges they pose. Synthesizing a broad body of research on smart homes with observations of industry and experiences from our own empirical work, we provide a discussion of ongoing and emerging challenges, namely challenges for meaningful technologies, complex domestic spaces, and human-home collaboration. Within each of these three challenges we discuss our visions for future smart homes and identify promising directions for the field.
Multiplex approaches in protein microarray technology (2005)

The success of genome sequencing projects has provided the basis for systematic analysis of protein function and has led to a shift from the description of single molecules to the characterization of complex samples. Such a task would not be possible without the provision of appropriate high-throughput technologies, such as protein microarray technology. In addition, the increasing number of samples necessitates the adaptation of such technologies to a multiplex format. This review will discuss protein microarray technology in the context of multiplex analysis and highlight its current prospects and limitations.
Design of an Improved Moisture Separator in a Turbocharger System for Fuel Cells (2004)

Moisture recovery is important in the operation of many fuel cell systems, especially proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The exhaust of a PEM fuel cell is a moderate temperature, pressurized humid air stream. A system that recovers liquid water condensate from the pressurized humid exhaust stream of a PEM fuel cell would markedly increase the effectiveness of such a system. The recovered water could be used to hydrate the fuel cell membrane, and it could supply a hydrocarbon reformer used for generating hydrogen.\n\n\tThis project investigated and documented moisture recovery from the simulated humid exhaust stream of a 25 kW fuel cell with an improved axial flow separator. An axial flow centrifugal separator design was chosen as the best candidate due to its high efficiency and low pressure drop and a prototype was designed and constructed. The separator was then integrated into an experimental test system. First, the stream was simulated by heating compressed air and then humidifying it with superheated steam. Then, after expanding through the turbine section of an automotive turbocharger, the humid stream was passed through the moisture separator where liquid water condensate was removed from the flow. Results are presented for varying turbine inlet conditions at three separate separation lengths. It is shown that the separation efficiency for the improved design was 40% higher and the pressure drop was only 1/3 that of the conventional separator.
New Trends in Electrostatic Precipitation: Wide Duct Spacing, Precharging, Pulse Energization (1981)

Increased research in electrostatic precipitation has resulted in the emergence of promising new technologies. In a new design concept already widely used in Japan, the precipitator duct spacing is increased from the traditional 200-300 mm up to 400-600 mm, and the precipitator voltage is raised correspondingly, with precipitator performance remaining almost unchanged for the same precipitator volume and the same gas flow. For suitable applications, this design results in reduced installation costs and easier maintenance. Various devices for precharging of high resistivity dust now under development improve particle charging and thereby enhance precipitator performance. Pulse energization improves the performance of precipitators collecting high resistivity dust by improving particle charging and current distribution and allowing regulation of the precipitator current independent of precipitator voltage.
Host Alloreactive Memory T Cells Influence Tolerance to Kidney Allografts in Nonhuman Primates (2011)

Transplant tolerance, defined as indefinite allograft survival without immunosuppression, has been regularly achieved in laboratory mice but not in nonhuman primates or humans. In contrast to laboratory mice, primates regularly have high frequencies of alloreactive memory T cells (TMEMs) before transplantation. These TMEMs are poorly sensitive to conventional immunosuppression and costimulation blockade, and the presence of donor-reactive TMEMs in primates may account for their resistance to transplant tolerance protocols that have proven consistently effective in mice. We measured the frequencies of anti-donor TMEMs before and after transplantation in a series of rejecting and tolerant monkeys that underwent nonmyeloablative conditioning, short-term immunosuppression, and combined allogeneic kidney/cell transplantation. Transplants were acutely rejected in all the monkeys with high numbers of donor-specific TMEMs before transplantation. In contrast, long-term survival was observed in the recipients harboring lower frequencies of anti-donor TMEMs before transplantation. Similar amounts of TMEM homeostatic expansion were recorded in all transplanted monkeys upon hematopoietic reconstitution; however, only the tolerant monkeys had no expansion or activation of donor-reactive TMEMs after transplantation. These results indicate that the presence of high frequencies of host donor-reactive TMEMs before transplantation impairs tolerance induction to kidney allografts in this nonhuman primate model. Indeed, recipients harboring a low anamnestic reactivity to their donor before transplantation were successfully rendered tolerant via infusion of donor cells and short-term immunosuppression. This suggests that selection of allogeneic donors with low memory responses in recipients may be essential to successful transplant tolerance induction in patients.
Synthèse des Dérivés Acylés de 1a Sulfisomézole (1962)

Nous avons montré que l'acylètion de la sulfisomézole n'a fourni en générale quedes dérivés N4-acylés et N1, N4-diacylès. Quant a préparation des dérivés N1-acylés, nous avons confirmé avec succes la méthode générale par l'intermédiaire de N-(méthyl-5 isoxazolyl-3) nitro-4 benzènesulfonamide et de 4, 4'-bis [(méthyl-5 isoxazolyl-3) sulfamoyl]-azobenzène.
Artificial Cerebral Aneurysm Model for Medical Testing, Training, and Research. (2003)

Artificial models of cerebral aneurysms for medical training and testing of medical devices were constructed from corrosion casts of the main cerebral arteries of a human specimen. Three aneurysms with a variety of shapes were simulated at typical locations. Rigid and soft models were made of silicone using the "lost wax" technique. The transparent silicone models were anatomically accurate and reproducible copies of human vascular casts. These models could be connected in a closed circuit that used an electric pump to simulate pulsatile flow. Endovascular procedures and surgical clip application were performed under fluoroscopic or direct visual control. Surgical clipping, endoluminal coil manipulation, and consecutive hemodynamic changes were visualized by digital subtraction angiography and direct observation. The model provides trainee surgeons with an understanding of clinical conditions. New medical devices, such as platinum coils, would be experimentally implanted in the model under stable conditions. These anatomically accurate and reproducible models of cerebral vasculature and aneurysms are valuable for medical testing, training, and research.
Assay of lectin binding sites in colon cancer-associated mucins: comparison of fluorescence microscopy with a quantitative chromatographic technique. (1988)

We have developed a technique for quantitation of binding of fluorescent lectins to glycoconjugates in specimens of tumors derived from cultured human colorectal cancer cells. Tumor cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice, giving rise to xenografts that resemble primary human colorectal cancers. The tumors were extracted with saline and were subjected to dialysis and lyophilization. Standardized amounts of the tumor extract were then incubated with fluorescent lectins and subjected to gel permeation liquid chromatography to separate lectin bound to high molecular weight glycoproteins from free (unbound) lectin, and were quantitated using a spectrofluorometer. This assay permitted quantitative measurement of the lectin bound to high molecular weight glycoconjugates such as mucin. The results of this assay were compared with the standard histochemical assessment of tissue labeling by fluorescent lectins. A close correlation between the two techniques was found, especially when little or no labeling was present. Greater variations were observed at higher levels of labeling. The quantitative assay confirms that lectins bind to high molecular weight mucin-type glycoconjugates on fixed sections of tumors, and supports the use of semi-quantitative histochemical assessments of tissue labeling.
Infrared spectroscopy of human cells and tissue. VIII. Strategies for analysis of infrared tissue mapping data and applications to liver tissue (2000)

Experimental and computational methods of infrared microspectroscopy (IRI-MSP) and infrared spectral mapping (ISM) are presented. These methods are subsequently applied to the analysis of cirrhotic liver tissue. The sensitivity of infrared spectral mapping toward spectral changes caused by disease will be demonstrated. In addition, the excellent agreement between ISM data and histopathological information will be discussed.
Obfuscated VBA Macro Detection Using Machine Learning (2018)

Malware using document files as an attack vector has continued to increase and now constitutes a large portion of phishing attacks. To avoid anti-virus detection, malware writers usually implement obfuscation techniques in their source code. Although obfuscation is related to malicious code detection, little research has been conducted on obfuscation with regards to Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macros. In this paper, we summarize the obfuscation techniques and propose an obfuscated macro code detection method using five machine learning classifiers. To train these classifiers, our proposed method uses 15 discriminant static features, taking into account the characteristics of the VBA macros. We evaluated our approach using a real-world dataset of obfuscated and non-obfuscated VBA macros extracted from Microsoft Office document files. The experimental results demonstrate that our detection approach achieved a F2 score improvement of greater than 23% compared to those of related studies.
Cyclic Organosilicon Compounds. I. Preparation of Cyclic Silanes (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic Organosilicon Compounds. I. Preparation of Cyclic SilanesRobert WestCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 23, 6012–6014Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01652a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01652a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views704Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clinical Applications of Mass Spectrometry (2009)

As mass spectrometric methods now offer a level of specificity and sensitivity unrealized by spectrophotometric- and immunoassay-based methods, mass spectrometry has entered the clinical laboratory wh
Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) from a Tidal, Freshwater River, the Hudson River, New York (2001)

Rivers receive a significant fraction of the anthropogenic nitrogen applied to the world's watersheds. Environmental conditions in rivers should be conducive to the formation of N2O, and recent models suggest that rivers could constitute up to 25% of the anthropogenic contribution of N2O to the atmosphere. Few direct measurements exist, however, of N2O flux between rivers, especially large rivers, and the overlying atmosphere. We measured the concentration of N2O over a 2-year period in a large, tidal, freshwater river. We coupled these measurements with a physical model of gas exchange based on inert gas tracer additions to this river and computed the flux of N2O to the atmosphere. The tidal, freshwater Hudson River is persistently supersaturated in N2O with respect to the atmosphere, with average partial pressure of N2O (pN2O) of 0.58 muatm or about 185% of atmospheric equilibrium. At all times during a 2-year cycle and at all locations sampled along a 200 km stretch of the river, the river was a net source of N2O to the atmosphere. We estimate that the tidal, freshwater Hudson River contributes 0.056 g of N2O-N m(-2) to the atmosphere annually. Despite relatively high concentrations of NO3 in the Hudson River, the tidal, freshwater river is a minor source of N2O in comparison to other rivers for which estimates exist and to components of its own watershed. The river itself accounts for only 1.3% of the total N2O contribution to the atmosphere that occurs in the Hudson watershed.