gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Piezoelectric Immunosensor for SARS-Associated Coronavirus in Sputum (2004)

A piezoelectric immunosensor was developed for the detection of SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in sputum in the gas phase. Horse polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV was bound onto the PZ crystal surface in an ordered orientation through protein A. The antigen sample was atomized into aerosol by an ultrasonator, by which the antibody on the crystal could specifically adsorb SARS antigen and the changed mass of crystal would lead a frequency shift. A frequency counter was employed to record the admittance frequency, and the plot of changed frequency was displayed on the computer. Under the optimized conditions, the frequency shifts were linearly dependent on antigen concentration in the range of 0.6-4 microg/mL. The device has good reproducibility (could be reused 100 times without detectable loss of activity), stability (the immunosensor was stable for more than two months when stored over silica gel blue at 4-6 degrees C), short analyzing time (less than 2 min), and specificity.
Molecular Probes Reveal Chemical Selectivity of the Solid–Electrolyte Interphase (2018)

The solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) is well-known to provide critical protection between the strongly reducing negative electrode and the organic electrolytes of nonaqueous batteries. Batteries with a poorly passivating SEI will suffer from rapid capacity fade and short lifetimes. Despite its importance and extensive study of its structure and composition, the mechanism of SEI passivation remains poorly understood. In this work, we demonstrate using electrochemical collector-generator measurements that the SEI is chemically selective in its passivation and propose a model based on catalytic active sites to explain its performance. Electrochemically interrogating the SEI with functionalized ferrocene mediators shows that the through-film mediator reduction is much more sensitive to mediator functional group than size, indicating preferential partitioning into the organic SEI layer. Additional experiments with controlled electrode crosstalk show that incorporation of dissolved transition metals increases both the density and the activity of active sites within the SEI. We conclude that the inner, inorganic layer is responsible for preventing charge transfer through the SEI while the outer, organic layer is minimally important. Our model reconciles contradictory observations from the literature and identifies the most important components of a functional battery interface.
Raifix -new cationic polymers for controlling wet-end chemistry. (1992)

Presentation d'une nouvelle famille d'agents polymeres cationiques permettant de fixer les impuretes anioniques et de controler la chimie de la partie humide sur la machine a papier.
Synthesis and characterization of conducting copolymers of poly(vinyl alcohol) with thiophene side‐groups and pyrrole (2004)

Abstract Graft copolymers of poly(vinyl alcohol) with thiophene side‐groups and pyrrole were synthesized by electrochemical polymerization methods. Poly(vinyl alcohol) with thiophene side‐groups (PVATh) was obtained from the reaction between poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thiophene‐3‐acetic acid. The syntheses of copolymers of PVATh and pyrrole were achieved electrochemically by using three different supporting electrolytes, p ‐toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBAFB). Characterization of PVATh and graft copolymers was performed by a combination of techniques including cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, size‐exclusion chromatography, 1 H NMR and FT‐IR. The conductivities were measured by the four‐probe technique. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
MEN1309/OBT076, a First-In-Class Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting CD205 in Solid Tumors (2019)

CD205 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and is a member of the C-type lectin receptor family. Analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that CD205 was robustly expressed and highly prevalent in a variety of solid malignancies from different histotypes. IHC confirmed the increased expression of CD205 in pancreatic, bladder, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared with that in the corresponding normal tissues. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, rapid internalization of the CD205 antigen was observed. These results supported the development of MEN1309/OBT076, a fully humanized CD205-targeting mAb conjugated to DM4, a potent maytansinoid derivate, via a cleavable N-succinimidyl-4-(2-pyridyldithio) butanoate linker. MEN1309/OBT076 was characterized <i>in vitro</i> for target binding affinity, mechanism of action, and cytotoxic activity against a panel of cancer cell lines. MEN1309/OBT076 displayed selective and potent cytotoxic effects against tumor cells exhibiting strong and low to moderate CD205 expression. <i>In vivo</i>, MEN1309/OBT076 showed potent antitumor activity resulting in durable responses and complete tumor regressions in many TNBC, pancreatic, and bladder cancer cell line-derived and patient-derived xenograft models, independent of antigen expression levels. Finally, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profile of MEN1309/OBT076 was characterized in pancreatic tumor-bearing mice, demonstrating that the serum level of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) achieved through dosing was consistent with the kinetics of its antitumor activity. Overall, our data demonstrate that MEN1309/OBT076 is a novel and selective ADC with potent activity against CD205-positive tumors. These data supported the clinical development of MEN1309/OBT076, and further evaluation of this ADC is currently ongoing in the first-in-human SHUTTLE clinical trial.
Learning hybrid force and position control of robot manipulators (1993)

The learning control is applied to hybrid force and position control of robot manipulators. When the geometry and position of a constraint surface is known, the hybrid force and position controller and the feedforward compensator can be designed in the constraint coordinates. When the operation is periodic, the learning hybrid force and position control enhance the control performance as the feedforward compensator is updated in each cycle by the force and position error in the preceding trials. This scheme is proved to be asymptotically stable. A two degree of freedom SCARA-type direct-drive robot manipulator is used to test the learning hybrid force and position control. The deburring tool mounted on the upper link of the robot could follow a flat, tilted flat, and curved 1/4 " aluminum plate with a desired contact force of 10 N (within the root-mean-square force error of 1.95 N) and with a desired tangential velocity. The experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the learning hybrid force and position controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Character Extraction and Recognition For Myanmar Script Signboard Images using Block based Pixel Count and Chain Codes (2018)

This paper presents a very simple and efficient method for the text extraction and recognition of the Myanmar text from color natural signboard images taken by a mobile phone camera. Text extraction, line segmentation, character segmentation and recognition are the important steps in text understanding from natural signboard images. In this system, the color enhancement is firstly processed to overcome various illumination conditions. Background noises on the binary images are removed by four filtering features such as color threshold based filtering, aspect ratio based filtering, boundary based filtering and region area based filtering. After removing the noise, line segmentation and character segmentation are done. Horizontal projection profile is used for line segmentation and vertical projection profile and bounding box methods are used to segment the characters. These connected component characters are recognized by using 4×4 blocks based pixel density and total chain codes, 4-rows based pixel density, 4-columns based pixel density and count of eight directions chain code on the whole character image and on each block of character image. This system is investigated by feature based approach of template matching, and 83.15% character recognition accuracy is achieved on 2854 correctly extracted characters from 150 camera-captured Myanmar warning signboards.
Serum vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer: its relation with cancer type and estrogen receptor status. (2001)

Preoperative serum VEGF detects breast cancer with a sensitivity of 62.1%. The relationship to cancer type and ER status may have future therapeutic implications. Additional long-term studies are required to determine the prognostic significance of serum VEGF.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia, 2010 to 2013 (2013)

In Saudi Arabia, including regions of Riyadh and Al Ahsa, pseudoparticle neutralisation (ppNT) and microneutralisation (MNT) tests detected no antibodies to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in sheep (n= 100), goats (n= 45), cattle (n= 50) and chickens (n= 240). Dromedary camels however, had a high prevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infected sera from cattle had no cross-reactivity in MERS-CoV ppNT or MNT, while many dromedary camels’ sera reacted to both BCoV and MERS-CoV. Some nevertheless displayed specific serologic reaction profiles to MERS-CoV.
Acinetobacter species identification by using tRNA spacer fingerprinting (1996)

Identification of Acinetobacter spp. to the DNA group level by phenotypic techniques is problematic, and there is a need for an alternative identification method for routine use. The present study validated the suitability of a rapid identification technique based on tRNA spacer (tDNA) fingerprinting in comparison with that of a commercially available assay involving carbon source utilization tests (Biolog MicroStation System) for identifying the 21 DNA-DNA hybridization groups belonging to the genus. For this purpose, 128 strains identified previously by DNA-DNA hybridization were analyzed by both techniques. tDNA fingerprinting was highly reproducible and classified all strains into 17 groups. Six DNA groups belonging to the A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex were grouped into two distinct clusters, indicating the high degree of genetic similarity within this complex. Strains of the more recently described DNA groups BJ13 to BJ16 were ambiguously grouped and displayed three pattern types. The software used with the commercial carbon source utilization method grouped the 128 strains into 12 clusters, explaining the less discriminatory power of this system. We conclude that tDNA fingerprinting offers a quick and reliable method for the routine differentiation of most Acinetobacter spp. at the subgenus level.
The Effect of Template Phase on the Structures of As‐Synthesized Silica Nanoparticles with Fragile Didodecyldimethylammonium Bromide Vesicles as Templates (2007)

The effect of template phase on the structures of as-synthesized silica nanoparticles with fragile DDAB vesicles as templates is reported. It is found that the template phase plays a critical role in the growth process of silica: the unstable DDAB vesicles in liquid-crystalline phase often lead to the formation of mesostructured solid spheres, and the rather stable DDAB vesicles in gel phase lead to the formation of hollow spheres with less mesostructures. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c1228_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cell Growth <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> : Effect of Restoration of Wwox Expression (2007)

The results confirm that overexpression of exogenous Wwox inhibits breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and, perhaps more importantly, shows that restoration of endogenous Wwox expression, and likely other proteins, by treatment with a de novo methyltransferase inhibitor, also inhibits breast cancer cell growth and reverses breast cancer xenograft growth.
Three-dimensional fluid simulation of a plasma display panel cell (2002)

In order to understand the discharge characteristics in an alternating current plasma display panel (ac PDP) and optimize it further, a three-dimensional fluid code (FL3P) has been developed. Using this simulator, various three-dimensional features of discharges are investigated in the sustain mode of PDP. First, the striations of wall charge are observed at both the anode and cathode side. Second, the local efficiency is obtained as a function of position. It is mainly divided into the anode region and the cathode region and highest near the anode center. Finally, the effects of various three-dimensional parameters are studied. As one of the examples showing the effect of electrode shaping, the discharge characteristics of a T-shaped electrode cell are compared with those of a conventional cell. The phosphor on barrier ribs contributes to over 44% of the total luminance, but barrier ribs themselves do not play an important role in the overall discharge efficiency. Address electrode width is not always proportional to the size of the discharge because of the wall loss of the particles to barrier ribs.
Spondylolisthesis (1981)

Spondylolisthesis is a hereditary anomaly of the spine, often associated with intractable pain in the back and lower extremities. The diagnosis is commonplace. Approximately 5% to 7% of the population in the United States has the anomaly. This percentage varies with country and race. In patients who seek medical aid for symptoms of low back pain, 10% will have a pars defect. Laminectomy of the entire separate neural arch and a posterior interbody fusion is a superior operation for spondylolisthesis. It is a difficult operation, requiring a high degree of technical skill, but when properly performed, it is possible to attain a more rapid recovery with a lower morbidity and higher percentage of permanent cures.
Direct manipulation interface using multiple cameras for hand gesture recognition (2002)

We propose a method to detect hand position, posture and shapes from multiple viewpoint images. We employ a simple elliptic model and a small number of reliable image features detected in multiple viewpoint images to estimate the pose (position and normal axis) of a human hand, where feature extraction is employed based on distance transformation. The COG (center of gravity) position and its distance value are extracted in the process. These features are robust against changes in hand shape and can produce stable pose estimations. A "best view" is selected from the estimation results, and hand shape recognition is performed based on a Fourier descriptor. This viewpoint selection approach can overcome the problem of self occlusion. This system can be used as a user interface device in a virtual environment, replacing glove type devices and overcoming most of the disadvantages of contact type devices.
Antioxidant and Oxidative Enzyme Effects on the Inactivation of Inclusion Bodies of the Heliothis Baculovirus by Simulated Sunlight-UV (1994)

The sunlight-UV (SUV) inactivation of field-applied viral and other microbial insecticides has been attributed to a direct effect on DNA or generation of highly reactive radicals, or both. Therefore, it may be possible to inhibit this inactivation by use of antioxidants or oxidative enzymes. Our objective was to determine whether antioxidants and oxidative enzymes would inhibit the UV inactivation of Baculovirus heliothis, a singly enveloped nucleopolyhedrosis virus (HzSNPV) of larvae of the Helicoverpal Heliothis complex. A series of blacklight fluorescent lamps, built into a temperature control cabinet, were used to simulate the ultraviolet-A and ultraviolet-B spectrum of sunlight. Three antioxidants (propyl gallate, ascorbic acid, phenylthiocarbamide) all provided some level of UV protection of polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) of HzSNPV. Propyl gallate, however, provided the best protection of HzSNPV (0.2 mg/ml propyl gallate gave 99% UV protection of PIB). Fifty percent UV protection with propyl gallate, ascorbic acid or phenylthiocarbamide was obtained at 0.01 mg/ml, 1.0 mg/ml, or 0.068 mg/ml, respectively. Catalase was the best of three oxidative enzymes tested. The enzyme concentration required to provide 50% UV protection of HzSNPV with either catalase, superoxide dismutase, or peroxidase was 0.4 mg/ml, 2.3 mg/ml, or 3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The increased UV stability provided by an antioxidant or oxidative enzyme supports the hypothesis that reactive radicals, generated by SUV, can cause inactivation of field-applied viral and other microbial insecticides. Although the materials we used increased persistence of HzSNPV, none could be used practically to provide UV protection of commercial microbial insecticides. Others, however, might be used as spray-tank additives, or physically bonded to PIB to provide protection against SUV.
Comparative Anticonvulsant Activity and Neurotoxicity of Felbamate and Four Prototype Antiepileptic Drugs in Mice and Rats (1986)

Felbamate (2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate), phenytoin, phenobarbital, ethosuximide, and valproate were evaluated in mice and rats with a battery of well-standardized anticonvulsant test procedures. The results obtained indicate that felbamate exhibits a wider range of experimental anticonvulsant activity than either phenytoin or ethosuximide and a somewhat more restricted range than either phenobarbital or valproate. Felbamate is effective in nontoxic intraperitoneal doses in mice by the maximal electroshock seizure (MES), pentylenetetrazol (s.c. PTZ), and picrotoxin (s.c. Pic) tests but ineffective against bicuculline- and strychnine-induced seizures; it is effective after nontoxic oral doses in both mice and rats by the MES and s.c. PTZ tests. When compared on the basis of protective indices (PI = TD50/ED50) calculated from the intraperitoneal data in mice, the PIs for felbamate were from 1.05 to 2.37 times higher than those of the prototype antiepileptics. Overall, except for the s.c. PTZ test in mice and rats after oral administration, the PIs were equal to or higher than those of the prototype agents. The PIs for the s.c. PTZ test in mice and rats after oral administration were within the range of the prototype agents. These data indicate that felbamate is a relatively nontoxic agent with a unique profile of anticonvulsant action.
Protein Adsorption Kinetics under an Applied Electric Field:  An Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy Study (2003)

The controlled surface placement of protein molecules represents a crucial step toward many new biotechnological devices and processes. A promising means of directing the structure and formation rate of an adsorbed protein layer is through an applied electric potential difference. We present here a method for continuously measuring the protein adsorption under a direct current voltage using optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy. An indium tin oxide-coated waveguiding sensor chip serves as the anode and adsorbing substrate, and a platinum counter electrode serves as the cathode in a parallel plate arrangement. For (negatively charged) human serum albumin in either pure water or N-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N‘-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer, we find the transport-limited and initial surface-limited rates of adsorption to significantly increase with the applied potential. For (positively charged) horse heart cytochrome c, we observe no influence of the voltage on the transport-limited adsorption rate in either solvent and a decrease with the voltage in the initial surface-limited rate in a HEPES (but not a pure water) solvent. Interestingly, we find the rate of adsorption at moderate to high surface density to greatly increase with the voltage for both proteins; this effect is more pronounced in water than in HEPES. We attribute this enhanced adsorption to contact between electrode and protein patches of complementary charge, leading to more oriented and efficiently packed adsorbed molecules and, in the case of high voltage, to multilayer formation.
A FIBER OPTIC SENSOR FOR HIGH RESOLUTION MEASUREMENT AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF VALVE GAPE IN BIVALVE MOLLUSCS (2007)

We describe a novel sensor based on fiber optic technology for fine scale (∼0.1 mm) laboratory measurements of valve gape in bivalve molluscs. We have illustrated the operation of this sensor by measuring valve gape in conjunction with depletion rate assays in the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica, Gmelin 1791). The sensor is capable of accurate and repeatable measurements, with few of the drawbacks of other valve gape sensing methods (e.g., levers, strain gauges, electromagnetic sensors). This sensor technology can be applied to other systems requiring the measurement of axial distances while immersed in seawater or other harsh environments.
Trennung und Reinigung von Wasserstoff durch Permeation an Membranen aus Palladium‐Legierungen (1965)

Abstract Wasserstoff läßt sich aus Gasgemischen durch Permeation durch Palladium‐Membranen abtrennen und in höchster Reinheit gewinnen. Eine bessere thermische und mechanische Stabilität als Palladium‐Membranen bieten solche aus Pd/Ag‐Legierungen. Der Aufbau, die Leistung und die Wirksamkeit von Diffusionszellen für technische Zwecke sowie von elektrolytischen Diffusionszellen für die Produktion kleinerer Mengen Wasserstoff werden diskutiert unter Hinweis auf die optimalen Betriebsbedingungen, die Wirkung von Membranvergiftungen und die Reinheitskontrolle des gewonnenen Wasserstoffs. Das Verfahren eignet sich außerdem zur Trennung des Isotopen‐Gemischs Wasserstoff/Deuterium.