gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Storm‐time distortion of the inner magnetosphere: How severe can it get? (2003)

First results are presented of an effort to model the storm‐time distortion of the magnetic field in the inner magnetosphere using space magnetometer data. Strong geomagnetic storms are relatively rare events, represented by only a small fraction of the data used in the derivation of existing empirical geomagnetic field models. Hence using those models for the mapping of the storm‐time magnetosphere is at most an extrapolation based on trends, obtained from quiet and moderately disturbed data. To overcome that limitation, a set of data was created, containing only clear‐cut events with Dst ≤ −65 nT, with the goal to derive models of the inner and near geomagnetic field ( R < 15 R E ), representing strongly disturbed geomagnetic configurations and their evolution during the storm cycle. The final data set included about 143,000 records with 5‐min average B‐vectors, covering 37 major storms between 1996 and 2000. Most of the data came from GOES‐8, ‐9, ‐10, Polar, and Geotail spacecraft, and two storms in February–March of 1998 were also partially covered by the data of Equator‐S. In all cases, only those storms were selected for which concurrent solar wind and IMF data were available for the entire duration of the event. Interplanetary medium data were provided by Wind, ACE, and, to a lesser extent, by IMP 8 and Geotail. The inner magnetospheric field was represented using the newly developed T01 model [ Tsyganenko , 2002a , 2002b ], with a duskside partial ring current with variable amplitude and scale size, an essential part of the storm‐time current system. The modeling revealed an enormous distortion and dawn‐dusk asymmetry of the inner magnetosphere during the peak of the storm main phase, caused by the combined effect of the symmetric and partial ring currents, cross‐tail current, and Birkeland currents. We found that during storms with Dst < −250 nT the tail‐like deformation of the nightside field penetrates so close to Earth that the quasi‐dipolar approximation breaks down at distances as small as 3–4 R E . This finding yields a quantitative answer to the question of why the auroras expand to unusually low latitudes during extremely strong storms. It also may provide a natural explanation for the observed impulsive injections and energizations of charged particles on the innermost L‐shells. Finally, it questions the validity of using the dipole or quasi‐dipole approximation in numerical simulations of severe storms in the inner magnetosphere.
Real-Time Detection of a Virus Using Detection Dogs (2016)

Viral infections are ubiquitous in humans, animals, and plants. Real-time methods to identify viral infections are limited and do not exist for use in harsh or resource-constrained environments. Previous research identified that tissues produce unique volatile organic compounds (VOC) and demonstrated that VOC concentrations change during pathologic states, including infection, neoplasia, or metabolic disease. Patterns of VOC expression may be pathogen specific and may be associated with an odor that could be used for disease detection. We investigated the ability of two trained dogs to detect cell cultures infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and to discriminate BVDV-infected cell cultures from uninfected cell cultures and from cell cultures infected with bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV 1) and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV 3). Dogs were trained to recognize cell cultures infected with two different biotypes of BVDV propagated in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells using one of three culture media. For detection trials, one target and seven distractors were presented on a scent wheel by a dog handler unaware of the location of targets and distractors. Detection of BVDV-infected cell cultures by Dog 1 had a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.850 (95% CI: 0.701-0.942), which was lower than Dog 2 (0.967, 95% CI: 0.837-0.994). Both dogs exhibited very high diagnostic specificity (0.981, 95% CI: 0.960-0.993) and (0.993, 95% CI: 0.975-0.999), respectively. These findings demonstrate that trained dogs can differentiate between cultured cells infected with BVDV, BHV1, and BPIV3 and are a realistic real-time mobile pathogen sensing technology for viral pathogens. The ability to discriminate between target and distractor samples plausibly results from expression of unique VOC patterns in virus-infected and -uninfected cells.
Complications in Smokers After Postmastectomy Tissue Expander/Implant Breast Reconstruction (2005)

Smoking is universally considered to be a risk factor for surgical complications. The incidence of complications following tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction in patients who smoke has not been previously evaluated.A review of complications following tissue expander/implant reconstruction in 515 patients was performed. Patients who had 2-stage, tissue expander/implant reconstruction at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between May 2002 and December 2003 were included. Complications in smokers (n=132) and nonsmokers (n=383) were compared. The rate of overall complications, reconstructive failure, mastectomy flap necrosis, and infectious complications was significantly higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers. The rate of complications in ex-smokers was also higher than in nonsmokers. Using multivariate statistical analysis to adjust for confounding variables, smoking was identified as independent predictor of postoperative complications.A significant association between smoking status and postoperative complications exists. Thus, smokers who undergo postmastectomy expander/implant reconstruction should be informed of the increased risk of surgical complications and should be counseled on smoking cessation.
Positive Selection of T Cells Induced by Viral Delivery of Neopeptides to the Thymus (1997)

The relation between an antigenic peptide that can stimulate a mature T cell and the natural peptide that promoted selection of this cell in the thymus is still unknown. An experimental system was devised to address this issue in vivo-mice expressing neopeptides in thymic stromal cells after adenovirus-mediated delivery of invariant chain-peptide fusion proteins. In this system, selection of T cells capable of responding to a given antigenic peptide could be promoted by the peptide itself, by closely related analogs lacking agonist and antagonist activity, or by ostensibly unrelated peptides. However, the precise repertoire of T cells selected was dictated by the particular neopeptide expressed.
FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH THIOCYANATES (1941)

Following our original report<sup>1</sup>on the blood level control of administration of thiocyanate in the treatment of hypertension, there have been five<sup>2</sup>publications and two reports<sup>3</sup>which are in essential agreement with our original statements that blood pressure can be reduced and symptoms alleviated in more than 50 per cent of patients with hypertension provided that the criteria for adequate cyanate control are observed. The criteria of cyanate response used in our clinic are (1) general clinical improvement, (2) a substantial reduction in blood pressure (30 to 60 mm. systolic and 20 to 40 mm. diastolic) associated with (3) a blood cyanate concentration of from 8 to 12 mg. per hundred cubic centimeters. The large number of questions that we have received from all parts of the country indicate that thiocyanate is being used extensively for the treatment of hypertension, and for this reason we feel that
Construction of Through Transmission Scanning System for Weld Defects Detection of Rail Weld Zone (2005)

This study proposes construction of through transmission for weld defects detection of rail weld zone from ultrasonic signals. For these purposes, the ultrasonic signals for defects(porosity and crack) of weld zone in rails are acquired in the type of time series data and echo strength. 6 lines in the distance amplitude characteristics curve(DACC) indicated damage evaluation standard of weld zone in rails. The acquired ultrasonic signals agree flirty well with the mesured results of reference block and sensitivity block(defect location beam propagation distance, echo strength, etc). The proposed construction of through transmission in this study can be used for weld defects detection of rail weld zone.
Object-oriented Web engineering for large-scale Web service management (2003)

The Web implementation model is based on a low level technology and does not provide abstractions for capturing higher level design concepts, therefore design decisions are difficult to track in an implementation, so that maintenance becomes a difficult and error-prone task. We introduce the WebComposition system addressing this problem. This system is based on a fine-grained object-oriented Web application model. Services are logical units or business processes represented as groups of WebComposition components. The automatic creation for this class of components is possible using service factories, which are modeled on creational design patterns. Service factories enhance the planning for the evolution of the overall structure of large-scale Web sites. WebComposition maintains access to all resources throughout the lifecycle for management and maintenance activities. Modifications of the model are made effective in the Web by incrementally mapping the model to file-based resources.
A computer-designed scaffold for bone regeneration within cranial defect using human dental pulp stem cells (2015)

A computer-designed, solvent-free scaffold offer several potential advantages such as ease of customized manufacture and in vivo safety. In this work, we firstly used a computer-designed, solvent-free scaffold and human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to regenerate neo-bone within cranial bone defects. The hDPSCs expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers and served as an abundant source of stem cells with a high proliferation rate. In addition, hDPSCs showed a phenotype of differentiated osteoblasts in the presence of osteogenic factors (OF). We used solid freeform fabrication (SFF) with biodegradable polyesters (MPEG-(PLLA-co-PGA-co-PCL) (PLGC)) to fabricate a computer-designed scaffold. The SFF technology gave quick and reproducible results. To assess bone tissue engineering in vivo, the computer-designed, circular PLGC scaffold was implanted into a full-thickness cranial bone defect and monitored by micro-computed tomography (CT) and histology of the in vivo tissue-engineered bone. Neo-bone formation of more than 50% in both micro-CT and histology tests was observed at only PLGC scaffold with hDPSCs/OF. Furthermore, the PLGC scaffold gradually degraded, as evidenced by the fluorescent-labeled PLGC scaffold, which provides information to tract biodegradation of implanted PLGC scaffold. In conclusion, we confirmed neo-bone formation within a cranial bone defect using hDPSCs and a computer-designed PLGC scaffold.
Some challenges in route choice modeling (2008)

Reference TRANSP-OR-TALK-2008-003 URL: http://transp-or2.epfl.ch/talks/STOCK08.pdf Record created on 2008-02-15, modified on 2017-02-16
Flexible Scheduling of Automatic Telescopes Over the Internet (1995)

. This paper outlines a new telescope operations paradigm that is intended to achieve low operating costs with high operating efficiency and high scientific productivity. The paradigm is based on the existing Principal Astronomer approach used in conjunction with atis, a language for commanding remotely located automatic telescopes. This paper describes a telescope management system called the Associate Principal Astronomer, or apa. At the heart of the apa is automatic observation loading and scheduling software, and it is this software that is expected to help achieve efficient and productive telescope operations. The purpose of the apa is to make it possible for many astronomers to submit observation requests to, and obtain resulting astronomical data from, a remotely located automatic telescope. All communication is conducted via the Internet in a highly-automated way that minimizes day-to-day human management of the system and that maximizes the scientific return from observing t...
Melatonin inhibits expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase in murine macrophages: role of inhibition of NFκB activation (1998)

The role of melatonin as an immunomodulator is well established. Recent reports showed that melatonin exerts protective effects in septic and hemorrhagic shock and in inflammation. The expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) makes an important contribution to the pathophysiology of shock and inflammation. We studied, in cultured murine macrophages, the role of melatonin in the regulation of the expression of iNOS and defined the mode of melatonin's action. Our results show that melatonin, at 1 microM-1 mM, decreased the production of nitrite/nitrate (the breakdown products of NO) as well as the production of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (the major stable breakdown product of prostacyclin) in macrophages stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (10 microg/ml). We observed that melatonin reduces iNOS steady-state mRNA levels and iNOS protein expression in the same concentration range (1 microM-1 mM). Melatonin, up to 10 mM, exerted only a slight direct inhibitory effect on iNOS activity. Using iNOS promoter-luciferase constructs, we found that melatonin inhibits iNOS promoter activation. Inhibition of iNOS expression was associated with inhibition of activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB). We conclude that melatonin inhibits NO production in immunostimulated macrophages mainly by inhibiting the expression of iNOS. This is due to inhibition of iNOS transcription, in part through inhibition of NFkappaB activation. Inhibition of iNOS-derived NO production by melatonin may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of this pineal secretory product.
Fabrication of nanostructures using atomic-force-microscope-based lithography (1995)

We describe a novel technique for fabricating metallic nanostructures on an arbitrary substrate using an atomic force microscope (AFM). An AFM is used to plow a pattern through the top of two resist layers spun onto a substrate. The resist is then developed to create a mask through which material can be deposited. By changing the applied force, the top resist-layer thickness, or the development time, the linewidth can be varied. Continuous metallic wires ∼500 Å×400 Å×15 μm have been fabricated on bare substrates and between contact pads.
Artificial cardiac pacemakers. (1990)

Artificial pacemakers are electronic devices used primarily to control cardiac rate in patients in whom the intrinsic heart rate is inadequate for a normal life style. These devices automatically and rhythmically provide electrical impulses to stimulate the heart. Electrical stimulation of various organs of the human body was already in practice more than two centuries ago. These applications, however, were in experimental stages until recently when electrical stimulation of the heart has emerged as a new therapy. In view of the astonishing progress made in the field of pacemaker technology and the current indications for the specific types of pacing systems, it behooves physicians caring for patients with heart disease to become familiar with the use of cardiac pacemakers and the not infrequent problems associated with their use. The primary purpose of this review is to present fundamental knowledge in the electrical stimulation of the heart and the various pacing systems available.
Compact architecture for high-throughput regular expression matching on FPGA (2008)

In this paper we present a novel architecture for high-speed and high-capacity regular expression matching (REM) on FPGA. The proposed REM architecture, based on nondeterministic finite automaton (RE-NFA), efficiently constructs regular expression matching engines (REME) of arbitrary regular patterns and character classes in a uniform structure, utilizing both logic slices and block memory (BRAM) available on modern FPGA devices. The resulting circuits take advantage of synthesis and routing optimizations to achieve high operating speed and area efficiency. The uniform structure of our RE-NFA design can be stacked in a simple way to produce multi-character input circuits to scale up throughput further. An n-state m-character input REME takes only O (n X log2 m) time to construct and occupies no more than O (n X m) logic units. The REMEs can be staged and pipelined in large numbers to achieve high parallelism without sacrificing clock frequency.
Using Line Segment Clustering to Detect Vanishing Point (2011)

Vanishing point detection is a basic work in camera self-calibration, single view reconstruction and series of images matching. Our research is based on line segments clustering method. First, we scan the image with edge detection algorithm for series of line segments. Then, we construct a similar concept space to classify the segments according to the vector distances. At last, we can use each cluster of the line segments to estimate the responsible vanishing point. For the clusters of the line segments indicate the main direction in multiple lines, the detected vanishing points are principal direction points. From the experiments, we approve our algorithm can acquire accurate position of vanishing points in short time.
Expression and Modulation of LL-37 in Normal Human Keratinocytes, HaCaT cells, and Inflammatory Skin Diseases (2005)

Defensins and cathelicidins (LL-37) are major antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the innate immune system of the human skin. In normal non-inflamed skin these peptides are negligible, but their expression can be markedly increased in inflammatory skin disease such as psoriasis. We designed this study to identify the expressions of LL-37 in normal human keratinocyte (NHK) and HaCaT cells after exposure to stimulants and to investigate difference of LL-37 expression accompanied with cell differentiation status, and come to understand difference of susceptibility to infection in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Expressions of LL-37 in NHKs and HaCaT cells were evaluated by using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining at 6, 12, and 24 hr post stimulation after exposure to Ultraviolet B irradiation and lipopolysaccharide. And expression of LL-37 in skin biopsy specimens from patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. In time-sequential analyses of LL-37 expression revealed that LL-37 was expressed in NHKs, but not in HaCaT cells. IHC analysis confirmed the presence of abundant LL-37 in the epidermis of psoriasis. Therefore we deduced that expression of LL-37 is affected by UV irradiation, bacterial infection, and status of cell differentiation.
Dynamic Priority Backoff Algorithm for IEEE802.11 DCF (2008)

The Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) in the IEEE 802.11 protocol is a random access scheme based on the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). In recent years, there have been numerous research on the performance analysis and model of DCF under the assumption that the transmission queue is always nonempty (i.e. saturation state). In this paper, we propose a dynamic priority backoff algorithm (DPBA) for IEEE 802.11 DCF, the basic idea of DPBA is each node should collect statistical data of other nodepsilas transmission while sensing the channel, and maintaining a sending data table for all node in network. When the node has data to transmit, it will calculate the dynamic priority and connection window according to the number of successful sending, the number of successful sending and the statistical data in sending table. Simulation results show that DPBA can properly assign channel among nodes in proportion to their dynamic priority as well as enhance the network saturation throughput.
Location‐dependent heterotopic ossification in the rat model: The role of activated matrix metalloproteinase 9 (2016)

Extremity amputation or traumatic injury can often lead to the formation of heterotopic ossification (HO). Studies to induce HO in rat muscle using cell-based gene therapy show that this process appears to be location dependent. In the present study, HO was induced in mice and rats through injection of immunologically matched cells transduced with either a replication-defective adenovirus possessing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) or an empty adenovirus vector (control). Injection in rat near the skeletal bone resulted in HO, whereas cells injected into the same muscle group but distal from the bone did not result in bone formation. When cells were injected in the same limb at both locations at the same time, HO was formed at both sites. Characterization of the bone formation in rats versus mice demonstrated that different sources of osteogenic progenitors were involved, which may account for the location dependent bone formation observed in the rat. Further experimentation has shown that a potential reason for this difference may be the inability of rat to activate matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), an essential protease in mice necessary for recruitment of progenitors. Inhibition of active MMP9 in mice led to a significant decrease in HO. The studies reported here provide insight into the mechanisms and pathways leading to bone formation in different animals and species. It appears that not all animal models are appropriate for testing HO therapies, and our studies also challenge the conventional wisdom that larger animal models are better for testing treatments affecting bone. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1894-1904, 2016.
Production and characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody against a heavy chain of Hageman factor (factor XII) (1985)

A murine hybridoma cell line that produces a monoclonal antibody to human Hageman factor (HF, factor XII) is described. The antibody (P 5–2– 1) consists of mouse IgG2b heavy chains and lambda light chains, selectively neutralizes HF procoagulant activity, and prevents the proteolytic cleavage of HF during contact activation in plasma. When HF is exposed to P 5–2–1 before the absorption of HF to kaolin, HF procoagulant activity is markedly inhibited. In contrast, P 5–2–1 does not interfere with HF activity after the adsorption of HF to kaolin. P 5–2–1 does not inactivate the prekallikrein–activating activity of 28,000–mol wt HF fragments (HFf). P 5–2–1 binds exclusively to the 40,000mol wt portion of a heavy chain of HF and inhibits the adsorption of HF to negatively charged surfaces. P 5–2–1 immobilized on Sepharose can be used to deplete HF from normal human plasma. This immunoaffinity-depleted plasma is indistinguishable from congenital HF- deficient plasma and can be used as the substrate for HF procoagulant activity assay.
PYRROLE CHEMISTRY: IV. THE PREPARATION AND SOME REACTIONS OF BROMINATED PYRROLE DERIVATIVES (1965)

Methyl 2-pyrrolecarboxylate and 2-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde have been brominated under a variety of conditions and the isomer ratios determined. The products have been identified as the 4-bromo, 5-bromo, and 4,5-dibromo derivatives and their structures proved. It has been shown that the bromine group in these products is not easily displaced by nucleophiles although this has been accomplished with the cyanide ion. The bromine has been removed easily by catalytic hydrogenation.
Limiting the effects of weight errors in feedforward networks using interval arithmetic (2002)

We address in this work the problem of weight inaccuracies in digital and analog feedforward networks. Both kind of implementations suffer from this problem due to physical limits of the particular technology. This work presents a novel and effective approach through the application of interval arithmetic to the multilayer perceptron. Results show that our method allows one to (1) compute strict bounds of the output error of the network, (2) find robust solutions respect to weight inaccuracies and (3) compute the minimum weight precision required to obtain the desired performance of the network.