gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging Proteolysis by Living Human Breast Cancer Cells (2000)

Malignant progression is accompanied by degradation of extracellular matrix proteins. Here we describe a novel confocal assay in which we can observe proteolysis by living human breast cancer cells (BT20 and BT549) through the use of quenched-fluorescent protein substrates. Degradation thus was imaged, by confocal optical sectioning, as an accumulation of fluorescent products. With the BT20 cells, fluorescence was localized to pericellular focal areas that coincide with pits in the underlying matrix. In contrast, fluorescence was localized to intracellular vesicles in the BT549 cells, vesicles that also label for lysosomal markers. Neither intracellular nor pericellular fluorescence was observed in the BT549 cells in the presence of cytochalasin B, suggesting that degradation occurred intracellularly and was dependent on endocytic uptake of substrate. In the presence of a cathepsin B-selective cysteine protease inhibitor, intracellular fluorescence was decreased approximately 90% and pericellular fluorescence decreased 67% to 96%, depending on the protein substrate. Matrix metallo protease inhibitors reduced pericellular fluorescence approximately 50%, i.e., comparably to a serine and a broad spectrum cysteine protease inhibitor. Our results suggest that: 1) a proteolytic cascade participates in pericellular digestion of matrix proteins by living human breast cancer cells, and 2) the cysteine protease cathepsin B participates in both pericellular and intracellular digestion of matrix proteins by living human breast cancer cells.
Difference in QT Interval Measurement on Ambulatory ECG Compared with Standard ECG (1996)

Measurement of the QT interval on standard ECG has diagnostic importance in the congenital long QT syndrome, in pharmacological therapy of arrhythmias, as well as in ischemic heart disease. It has been suggested that QT prolongation on ambulatory ECG (Holter) may have similar importance. To assess agreement between methods, QT interval measurement on standard ECG was compared to that on Holter. Simultaneously obtained ECG and Holter tracings (25 mm/s) of the same complexes in leads V1 and V5 were studied in 14 patients (age range 4-36 years). ECG pairs (n = 100, 49 V1 and 51 V5) were compared over a range of QT interval from 300-620 ms, as determined with the use of calipers by two observers blinded to pairing relationship. Correlation between methods was high for both observers (observer 1:r[V1] = 0.872, r[V5] = 0.973; observer 2: r[V1] = 0.972, r[V5] = 0.988), and interobserver variability was small (> 85% of measurements within 20 ms). As compared to ECG, Holter underestimated QT interval in V1, mean difference (QT [Holter]-QT [ECG]) observer 1 (-23 ms, P < 0.001), observer 2 (-7 ms, P < 0.05), and overestimated QT in V5, mean difference observer 1 (+13 ms, P < 0.001), observer 2 (+ 13 ms, P < 0.001). However, individual variation between methods was wide, as expressed by the difference between individual measurements (95% confidence interval [V1]: observer 1 [-99 to +53 ms] observer 2 [-47 to +33 ms]; [V5]: observer 1 [-33 to +59 ms] observer 2 [-17 to +43 ms]). Furthermore, when using the QTA (interval from onset of Q wave to apex of T wave) similar variability was observed. In the assessment of QT interval, potential sources of error of this magnitude could limit the clinical utility of ambulatory monitoring in detecting prolongation of the QT interval for diagnostic purposes.
A comparison of techniques used to simulate the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by metallic nanostructures (2010)

A comparison is presented of a number of simulation techniques that are used to compute the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by metallic nanostructures. The simulation techniques considered here are Mie theory, the T-Matrix null-field method, the discrete-dipole approximation, the finite-element method and the finite-difference time-domain method. The suitability of each technique is compared in terms of the accuracy, computation time and the range of geometries to which it can be applied. Using each technique, we perform example calculations by simulating the optical response of an 80 nm diameter Au sphere in vacuum. Our main conclusions are summarised in tabulated form, so that the findings presented in this article may serve as a useful reference guide to those looking for suitable numerical tools to model the optical response of metallic nanostructures.
Purification of 1F5 antigen that prevents complement attack on homologous cell membranes. (1990)

A mAb, 1F5, has the ability to cause hemolysis by human serum of human E treated with neuraminidase via the alternative C pathway. By Western blotting, this mAb reacts with a glycoprotein having a molecular mass of 20 kDa (1F5Ag). 1F5Ag was isolated from human E by affinity chromatography with mAb-coupled Sepharose. Purified 1F5Ag was then adsorbed to guinea pig E rendering them resistant to human C attack by both the classical and the alternative pathways. Furthermore, experiments with isolated C components revealed that 1F5Ag interferes with both homologous human C8 and C9 in the terminal stage of the C reaction, whereas it has little effect on hemolysis by rabbit C8 and C9. Therefore, 1F5Ag can be called HRF20, which stands for homologous restriction factor of 20 kDa.
Double-blind clinical evaluation of oral glucosamine sulphate in the basic treatment of osteoarthrosis (1980)

The efficacy and tolerance of oral glucosamine sulphate were tested against placebo in a prospective double-blind trial in 20 out-patients with established osteoarthrosis. Two capsules of either glucosaminene sulphate (250 mg) or placebo were administered 3-times daily over a period of 6 to 8 weeks. Articular pain, joint tenderness and restricted movement were semi-quantitatively scored 1 to 4 every 3 days, and individually averaged over the treatment period (overall composite score). Possible side-reactions were similarly scored upon positive questioning of the patients. Haematology, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, urine analysis and X-rays were recorded before and after treatment. Significant alleviation of symptoms was associated with the use of the active drug at the prescribed dose. Similarly, patients given glucosamine sulphate experienced earlier alleviation of symptoms compared with those who had placebo. The use of glucosamine sulphate also resulted in a significantly larger proportion of patients who experienced lessening or disappearance of symptoms within the trial period. No adverse reactions were reported by the patients treated with glucosamine, and no variation in laboratory tests was recorded.
A new fabrication method for multicrystalline silicon layers on graphite substrates suited for low-cost thin film solar cells (2002)

A new method for the fabrication of a columnar, multicrystalline silicon layer on a graphite substrate is presented. This method basically involves three process steps: (1) deposition of a thin (3-5 /spl mu/m) silicon layer; (2) zone melting recrystallization of this layer with a line electron beam as the heat source to form a multicrystalline seed layer; and (3) thickening of the seed layer by high temperature, epitaxial chemical vapour deposition (CVD) to a thickness of 20-40 /spl mu/m. The recrystallization leads to [110][112]-textured silicon seed layers if sufficiently high scan velocities are applied. The degree of deviation from the ideal [110][112]-texture increases with decreasing scan velocity. The doping level of the seed layer is found to be only weakly affected by the zone melting recrystallization. The epitaxial layer grown on top of the seed layer exhibits a columnar grain structure.
Convergence and Error Criteria of Iterative Numerical Solutions to the Transient Heat Conduction Equation. (1982)

Abstract : Full implicit finite differencing was used to approximate transient heat conduction in two spacial dimensions. The resulting set of linear simultaneous equations was solved using successive over-relaxation iterative methods. Errors between the exact matric solution and the iterated solution were computed and compared with several methods of determining error approximations that use the displacement between iterations and an associated parameter. Fundamental parameters of the iteration matrix, such as the spectral radius, were tested as parameters in the error approximation methods. The error methods were compared with respect to accuracy, ease of computing, and computer resources required. The nodal density used in the numerical approximation to the physical problem was compared with the spectral radius of the resulting iterative matrix problem. The spectral radius increases as nodal density increases. (Author)
The Dopamine D2 Receptor Locus as a Modifying Gene in Neuropsychiatric Disorders (1991)

--These results suggest the A1 allele of the DRD2 gene is associated with a number of behavior disorders in which it may act as a modifying gene rather than as the primary etiological agent.
A balance-detector for alternating-current bridges (1934)

A balanced valve arrangement with a portable d.-c. galvanometer of pointer type is described for use as balance-detector in a.-c. bridge work. Over an extensive range of frequencies its sensitivity is comparable to that of a vibration galvanometer or telephone. The direction of deflection shows which way the bridge must be adjusted to secure a balance as in the case of a d.-c. bridge or electrodynamometer, but the false-zero effect found with the latter is absent. The arrangement could be adapted for use at radio frequencies.
High-Stable-Efficiency Tandem Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cell With Low-Refractive-Index Silicon-Oxide Interlayer (2014)

We report the recent advances and key requirements for high-efficiency “micromorph” tandem thin-film silicon solar cells composed of an amorphous silicon top cell and a microcrystalline silicon bottom cell. The impact of inserting a low-refractive-index silicon-oxide (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ) film as intermediate reflecting layer (IRL) is highlighted. We show that refractive indexes as low as 1.75 can be obtained for layers still conducting enough to be implemented in solar cells, and without no additional degradation. This allows for high top-cell current densities with thin top cells, enabling low degradation rates. A micromorph cell with a certified efficiency of 12.63% (short-circuit current density of 12.8 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) is obtained for an optimized stack. Furthermore, short-circuit current densities as high as 15.9 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> are reported in the amorphous silicon top-cell of micromorph devices by combining a 150-nm-thick SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> -based IRL and a textured antireflecting coating at the air-glass interface.
Raman Spectroscopy of Covalently Bonded Alkylsilane Layers on Thin Silica Films Immobilized on Silver Substrates (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRaman Spectroscopy of Covalently Bonded Alkylsilane Layers on Thin Silica Films Immobilized on Silver SubstratesWade R. Thompson and Jeanne E. PembertonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 20, 3362–3370Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00092a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00092a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views493Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunoglobulin V<sub>H</sub> gene expression in human B cell lines and tumors: biased V<sub>H</sub> gene expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1989)

We have studied frequencies of VH gene utilization in a panel of monoclonal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cell lines derived from human adult and fetal tissues as well as in monoclonal B cells obtained from fresh chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) samples. The results show that IgM-secreting EBV cell lines from both fetal and adult tissues utilize VH genes from particular families roughly in proportion to estimated family size, suggesting that the repertoire of sigM-positive B cells in both fetal and adult organs is 'normalized' with respect to the V(H) gene family. In contrast, we find a highly biased pattern of VH gene expression in CLLs. The significance of these findings is discussed in the context of mechanisms that could be involved in normal B cell repertoire development and in the process of malignant transformation of precursors of CLL.
Methods for the Analysis and Prediction of Warranty Claims (1991)

This article discusses methods whereby reports of warranty claims can be used to estimate the expected number of warranty claims per unit in service as a function of the time in service. These methods provide estimates that are adjusted for delays or lags corresponding to the time from the claim until it is entered into the data base used for analysis. Forecasts of the number and cost of claims on the population of all units in service are also developed, along with standard errors for these forecasts. The methods are based on a log-linear Poisson model for numbers of warranty claims. Both the case of a known distribution of reporting lag and simultaneous estimation of that distribution are considered. The use of residuals for model checking, extensions to allow for extra-Poisson variation, and the estimation of warranty costs are also considered.
Acoustic Spectroscopy for Concentrated Polydisperse Colloids with High Density Contrast (1996)

The acoustic attenuation spectra for rutile dispersions show a pronounced nonlinear increase in attenuation over a volume fraction range from 1% to 42%. A theory is developed to explain this nonlinear effect. This theory takes into account hydrodynamic particle−particle interactions caused by a sound wave. The modification of the acoustic theory has been accomplished using a “cell model” and a “coupled phase theory”. The notion of a “cell” allows us to take into account the hydrodynamic interaction between particles when calculating a drag coefficient. Furthermore, the mass conservation law helps to expand this “cell” concept to include the effects of polydispersity, introducing only one more adjustable parameter. This parameter determines the relationship between the cell and the particle radii. The “coupled phase theory”, generalized here for a polydisperse structured system, relates this drag coefficient to both the attenuation and sound speed spectra. Experimental verification of the modified theory is presented. The rutile samples were well dispersed. The measured attenuation agrees quite well with the attenuation predicted by the new theory for the volume fraction up to 30%. However, in the most highly concentrated slurries it was necessary to postulate some degree of aggregation in order to reconcile the measured and predicted spectra. The modified theory provides a means to calculate reasonable bimodal particle size distributions in these cases.
Soluble CR1 Therapy Improves Complement Regulation in C3 Glomerulopathy (2013)

Dense deposit disease (DDD) and C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) are widely recognized subtypes of C3 glomerulopathy. These ultra-rare renal diseases are characterized by fluid-phase dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway that leads to deposition of complement proteins in the renal glomerulus. Disease triggers are unknown and because targeted treatments are lacking, progress to end stage renal failure is a common final outcome. We studied soluble CR1, a potent regulator of complement activity, to test whether it restores complement regulation in C3 glomerulopathy. In vitro studies using sera from patients with DDD showed that soluble CR1 prevents dysregulation of the alternative pathway C3 convertase, even in the presence of C3 nephritic factors. In mice deficient in complement factor H and transgenic for human CR1, soluble CR1 therapy stopped alternative pathway activation, resulting in normalization of serum C3 levels and clearance of iC3b from glomerular basement membranes. Short-term use of soluble CR1 in a pediatric patient with end stage renal failure demonstrated its safety and ability to normalize activity of the terminal complement pathway. Overall, these data indicate that soluble CR1 re-establishes regulation of the alternative complement pathway and provide support for a limited trial to evaluate soluble CR1 as a treatment for DDD and C3GN.
Simultaneous escaping of explicit and hidden free energy barriers: Application of the orthogonal space random walk strategy in generalized ensemble based conformational sampling (2009)

To overcome the pseudoergodicity problem, conformational sampling can be accelerated via generalized ensemble methods, e.g., through the realization of random walks along prechosen collective variables, such as spatial order parameters, energy scaling parameters, or even system temperatures or pressures, etc. As usually observed, in generalized ensemble simulations, hidden barriers are likely to exist in the space perpendicular to the collective variable direction and these residual free energy barriers could greatly abolish the sampling efficiency. This sampling issue is particularly severe when the collective variable is defined in a low-dimension subset of the target system; then the "Hamiltonian lagging" problem, which reveals the fact that necessary structural relaxation falls behind the move of the collective variable, may be likely to occur. To overcome this problem in equilibrium conformational sampling, we adopted the orthogonal space random walk (OSRW) strategy, which was originally developed in the context of free energy simulation [L. Zheng, M. Chen, and W. Yang, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 20227 (2008)]. Thereby, generalized ensemble simulations can simultaneously escape both the explicit barriers along the collective variable direction and the hidden barriers that are strongly coupled with the collective variable move. As demonstrated in our model studies, the present OSRW based generalized ensemble treatments show improved sampling capability over the corresponding classical generalized ensemble treatments.
Adiabatic Design for a Coaxial Transmission Line (2014)

This paper proposes an air-gap applied adiabatic line for a coaxial transmission line. The adiabatic characteristics with excellent microwave transmission were simulated in terms of the S-parameter and the heat transfer of coaxial lines with a finite-element-method-based tool for the adiabatic microwave design. The detailed design scheme of the air-gap adiabatic line is presented and its performance is evaluated. The adiabatic efficiency associated with microwave feature was analyzed by a resistive equivalent circuit model of the line. We made a stainless steel air-gap adiabatic line that had about 11 times greater thermal resistance than that of a gapless coaxial line, a beryllium copper line, with the increment of just 0.4-dB insertion loss. We also propose a solution to improve the low-frequency transmission of an air-gap adiabatic line with a tunable ground wire for broad-band feature.
Catalysis of the oxidative folding of ribonuclease A by protein disulfide isomerase: pre-steady-state kinetics and the utilization of the oxidizing equivalents of the isomerase (1991)

At low concentrations of a glutathione redox buffer, the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) catalyzed oxidative renaturation of reduced ribonuclease A exhibits a rapid but incomplete activation of ribonuclease, which precedes the steady-state reaction. This behavior can be attributed to a GSSG-dependent partitioning of the substrate, reduced ribonuclease, between two classes of thiol/disulfide redox forms, those that can be converted to active ribonuclease at low concentrations of GSH and those that cannot. With catalytic concentrations of PDI and near stoichiometric concentrations of glutathione disulfide, approximately 4 equiv (2 equiv of ribonuclease disulfide) of GSH are formed very rapidly followed by a slower formation of GSH, which corresponds to an additional 2 disulfide bond equiv. The rapid formation of RNase disulfide bonds and the subsequent rearrangement of incorrect disulfide isomers to active RNase are both catalyzed by PDI. In the absence of GSSG or other oxidants, disulfide bond equivalents of PDI can be used to form disulfide bonds in RNase in a stoichiometric reaction. In the absence of a glutathione redox buffer, the rate of reduced ribonuclease regeneration increases markedly with increasing PDI concentrations below the equivalence point; however, PDI in excess over stoichiometric concentrations inhibits RNase regeneration.
Early Termination of CU Encoding to Reduce HEVC Complexity (2012)

The next generation video coding standard HEVC shows high coding performance compared with the H.264/AVC standard, but the computational complexity of the HEVC encoder (HM3.0) is significantly higher. In this letter, the early termination of the CU encoding algorithm is proposed to reduce the computational complexity in the HEVC encoder. The proposed method reduces the encoder complexity by 58.7%, while maintaining the same level of coding efficiency.
Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the injured cornea: a step in the pathogenesis of corneal infections. (1981)

Keratitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa usually occurs in the setting of corneal injury. This investigation was carried out to ascertain whether injury predisposes to infection by permitting this organism to adhere to the cornea. P. aeruginosa was found to adhere to injured corneas in preference to uninjured ones. Adherence was not immediate and required that the organisms remain on the corneal surface for some time. The number of adhering bacteria appeared to increase with the time the bacteria were allowed to remain on the corneal surface. Use of inocula concentrations of 10(7) to 10(9) was best for studying this phenomenon quantitatively and by microscopy. We conclude that injury allows Ps. aeruginosa to adhere to the corneal surface and suggest that this is the explanation for the clinical observation of a relationship between corneal and injury and Pseudomonas keratitis.