gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gesture recognition by neural networks and the expression of emotions (2002)

This paper summarizes our work in progress on the mapping of hand gestures to musical parameters in an interactive music performance and virtual reality environment. A neural network architecture for subgestures is introduced to provide a mechanism in order to achieve meaningful control parameters. We use data obtained from a sensor glove. These data are processed in order to extract meaningful data to control musical structures. This is done by an extended neural network architecture for sub-gestures combined with the extraction of parametric values. We focus on the mapping of gestural variations onto equivalent musical parameters. Motivated by a creative situation like a performance, we set up a dictionary of symbolic and parametric subgestures. Different hand gestures of this dictionary and characteristic variations are evaluated with respect to their applicability to intuitive and musical control of musical structures. The system is complemented with a 3D animated hand model and behaving representations of musical structures.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Access to Methyl 3,3‐Dimethoxypropionates, N‐Protected β‐Aminoacrylates and β‐Aminoacrylonitrile Using an Electrochemical Procedure. (1986)

Abstract Elektrochemische Methoxylierung der aus den Acrylsäure‐Derivaten (I) hergestellten N‐acetylierten Amine (III) liefert die O,N‐Acetale (IV).
Full Tunability of Strain along the fcc-bcc Bain Path in Epitaxial Films and Consequences for Magnetic Properties (2009)

Strained coherent film growth is commonly either limited to ultrathin films or low strains. Here, we present an approach to achieve high strains in thicker films, by using materials with inherent structural instabilities. As an example, 50 nm thick epitaxial films of the Fe70Pd30 magnetic shape memory alloy are examined. Strained coherent growth on various substrates allows us to adjust the tetragonal distortion from c/a{bct}=1.09 to 1.39, covering most of the Bain transformation path from fcc to bcc crystal structure. Magnetometry and x-ray circular dichroism measurements show that the Curie temperature, orbital magnetic moment, and magnetocrystalline anisotropy change over broad ranges.
Effects of Processing and Storage on<i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i>SB83 in Vaginal Formulations: Lyophilized Powder and Tablets (2013)

Vaginal probiotics have an important role in preventing the colonization of the vagina by pathogens. This study aimed to investigate different formulations with Pediococcus pentosaceus SB83 (lyophilized powder and tablets with and without retarding polymer) in order to verify its stability and antilisterial activity after manufacture and during storage. The bacteriocinogenic activity of P. pentosaceus SB83 against Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated in simulated vaginal fluid. Suspension of Pediococcus pentosaceus SB83 reduced the pathogen only after 2 h and the lyophilized bacteria after 24 h of contact, and, in the tablets, P. pentosaceus SB83 lost the antimicrobial activity. The pH of simulated vaginal fluid decreased for all the tested conditions. As lyophilized powder demonstrated better results concerning antimicrobial activity, this formulation was selected to evaluate the antilisterial activity during the 12 months of storage. During storage at room temperature, lyophilized bacteria totally inhibited the pathogen only until one month of storage. At 4°C, P. pentosaceus SB83 showed antimicrobial activity during all the time of storage investigated. Therefore, the better formulation of P. pentosaceus SB83 is the lyophilized powder stored at 4°C, which may be administered intravaginally as a washing solution.
Internet economics (1997)

From the Publisher:
The Internet raises new questions about the economics of networks and forces us to re-examine old questions in a new light. As such, the papers assembled here constitute some of the seminal contributions to a new economic sub-field, by the scholars who were among the first to notice and investigate these new questions. This book also explores issues which are central to the current policy debate surrounding the current re-write of this country's communications laws. The material presented is extremely relevant to a broad audience, including in particular policy-makers, as well as the many business audiences which have a stake in the evolution of communication networks. This work is an extremely significant contribution.
-- Francois Bar, Assistant Professor of Communication, Stanford University The Internet has rapidly become an important element of the economic system. The lack of accepted metrics for economic analysis of Internet transactions is therefore increasingly problematic. This book, one of the first to bring together research on Internet engineering and economics, attempts to establish such metrics. 
The chapters, which developed out of a 1995 workshop held at MIT, include architectural models and analyses of Internet usage, as well as alternative pricing policies. The book is organized into six sections: 1) Introduction to Internet Economics, 2) The Economics of the Internet, 3) Interconnection and Multicast Economics, 4) Usage Sensitive Pricing, 5) Internet Commerce, and 6) Internet Economics and Policy. 
Contributors: Loretta Anania, Joseph P. Bailey, Nevil Brownlee, David Carver, David Clark, David W. Crawford, Ketil Danielsen, Deborah Estrin, Branko Gerovac, David Gingold, Jiong Gong, Alok Gupta, Shai Herzog, Clark Johnson, Martyne M. Hallgren, Frank P. Kelly, Charlie Lai, Alan K. McAdams, Jeffrey K. MacKie-Mason, Lee W. McKnight, Gennady Medvinsky, Liam Murphy, John Murphy, B. Clifford Neuman, Jon M. Peha, Joseph Reagle, Mitrabarun Sarkar, Scott Shenker, Marvin A. Sirbu, Richard Jay Solomon, Padmanabhan Srinagesh, Dale O. Stahl, Hal R. Varian, Qiong Wang, Martin Weiss, Andrew B. Whinston.
The Effects of Programmed Administration of Human Parathyroid Hormone Fragment (1-34) on Bone Histomorphometry and Serum Chemistry in Rats (1997)

PTH treatment can result in dramatic increases in cancellous bone volume in normal and osteopenic rats. However, this potentially beneficial response is only observed after pulsatile treatment; continuous infusion of PTH leads to hypercalcemia and bone abnormalities. The purpose of these studies was to determine the optimal duration of the PTH pulses. A preliminary study revealed that human PTH-(1-34) (hPTH) is cleared from circulation within 6 h after sc administration of an anabolic dose of the hormone (80 g/kg). To establish the effects of gradually extending the duration of exposure to hPTH without increasing the daily dose, we programmed implanted Alzet osmotic pumps to deliver the 80 g/ kgday dose of the hormone during pulses of 1, 2, and 6 h/day, or 40 g/kgday continuously. Discontinuous infusion was accomplished by alternate spacing of external tubing with hPTH solution and sesame oil. After 6 days of treatment, we evaluated serum chemistry and bone histomorphometry. As negative and positive controls, groups of rats received pumps that delivered vehicle only and 80 g/kgday hPTH by daily sc injection, respectively. Dynamic and static bone histomorphometry revealed that the daily sc injection and 1 h/day infusion dramatically increased osteoblast number and bone formation in the proximal tibial metaphysis, whereas longer infusion resulted in systemic side-effects, including up to a 10% loss in body weight, hypercalcemia, and histological changes in the proximal tibia resembling abnormalities observed in patients with chronic primary hyperparathyroidism, including peritrabecular marrow fibrosis and focal bone resorption. Infusion for as little as 2 h/day resulted in minor weight loss and changes in bone histology that were intermediate between sc and continuous administration. The results demonstrate that the therapeutic interval for hPTH exposure is brief, but that programmed administration of implanted hormone is a feasible alternative to daily injection as a route for administration of the hormone. (Endocrinology 138: 4607-4612, 1997)
Using Both Audio and Visual Clues (2000)

Multimedia content analysis refers to the computerized understanding of the semantic meanings of a multimedia document, such as a video sequence with an accompanying audio track. As we enter the digital multimedia information era, tools that enable such automated analysis are becoming indispensable to be able to efficiently access, digest, and retrieve information. Information retrieval, as a field, has existed for some time. Until recently, however, the focus has been on understanding text information, e.g., how to extract key words from a document, how to categorize a document, and how to summarize a document, all based on written text. With a multimedia document, its semantics are embedded in multiple forms that are usually complimentary of each other. For example, live coverage on TV about an earthquake conveys information that is far beyond what we hear from the reporter. We can see and feel the effects of the earthquake, while hearing the reporter talking about the statistics. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze all types of data: image frames, sound tracks, texts that can be extracted from image frames, and spoken words that can be deciphered from the audio track. This usually involves segmenting the document into semantically meaningful units, classifying each unit into a predefined scene type, and indexing and summarizing the document for efficient retrieval and browsing. In this article, we review recent advances in using audio and visual information jointly for accomplishing the above tasks. We will describe audio and visual features that can effectively characterize scene content, present selected algorithms for segmentation and classification, and review some testbed systems for video archiving and retrieval. We will also briefly describe audio and visual descriptors and description schemes that are being considered by the MPEG-7 standard for multimedia content description.
Cascaded external optical modulation link for radio distribution (2002)

This paper proposes a fiber optic link configuration for radio distribution networks using cascaded radio base stations. The fiber optic link consists of cascaded external optical modulates (EOMs) that are intensity modulated by radio frequencies from user terminals. The EOMs are connected through fiber cables in series. The link is experimentally investigated at microwave frequencies. The 1.7-GHz QPSK MODEM is connected to the fiber optic link and the transmission characteristics are evaluated using interference signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surgical injury of rat arteries: genetic control of the remodelling process (2002)

c-myc antisense oligonucleotides applied intraoperatively can reduce post-operative stenosis.
Performance enhancements in Edquad plastic packages (2002)

The widespread use of plastic packages has extended into applications that require thermal and electrical performance not possible with the conventional packages. Edquad is a family of packages that provides up to 50% increase in power dissipation and significant reduction in electrical parasitics yet it is available in JEDEC standard body sizes in MQFP, TQFP, PLCC and SOIC formats with the heatspreader up or down. The packages have an integral heatspreader that carries most of the heat from the die attached directly on the bottom side, to the top which is exposed to the ambient. The heatspreader is also used as an electrical ground plane and the conventional die paddle is etched out to provide an internal power or ground ring. This arrangement provides for significant design flexibility to the device designer and has been demonstrated to result in lower package parasitics and higher clock frequency operation. The materials, the heatspreader design and surface preparation have been chosen to maximize adhesion and minimize stress at the interfaces. As a result these packages meet and exceed the accepted reliability standards of plastic packages.
Epitaxial ferroelectric Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films on Si using SrTiO3 template layers (2002)

In this letter, we report on the integration of epitaxial ferroelectric Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films on Si [100] substrates using a SrTiO3 (STO) template layer and a conducting perovskite (La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3 electrode. X-ray diffraction studies reveal both in-plane and out-of-plane alignment of the heterostructure. The epitaxial films show extremely high remnant polarization as well as piezoelectric d33 coefficients compared to textured and untextured polycrystalline films.
Hole-transporting and emitting pendant polymers for organic electroluminescent devices (2006)

New hole-transporting pendant polymers with high glass-transition temperatures (Tgs) above 200 °C were designed and synthesized. Multilayer organic electroluminescent (EL) devices using the new polymers as the hole-transport layer and quinacridone-doped tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum as the emitting layer exhibited high performance. One of the hole-transporting polymers functioned well as a hole injection buffer layer in organic EL devices. New green- and orange-emitting pendant polymers with high Tgs and desired ambipolar character were also designed and synthesized. Organic EL devices using these emitting polymers also exhibited good performance. One of the hole-transporting polymer showed a high hole carrier mobility of over 10<sup>-3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> at an electric field of 1.0 × 10<sup>5</sup> Vcm<sup>-1</sup>, as determined by a time-of-flight method.
NIC-based offload of dynamic user-defined modules for Myrinet clusters (2005)

Many of the modern networks used to interconnect nodes in cluster-based computing systems provide network-interface cards (NICs) that offer programmable processors. Substantial research has been done with the focus of offloading processing from the host to the NIC processor. However, the research has primarily focused on the static offload of specific features to the NIC, mainly to support the optimization of common collective and synchronization-based communications. We describe the design and implementation of a framework based on MP1CH-GM to support the dynamic NIC-based offload of user-defined modules for Myrinet clusters. We evaluate our implementation on a 16-node cluster using a NIC-based version of the common broadcast operation and we find a maximum factor of improvement of 1.2 with respect to total latency as well as a maximum factor of improvement of 2.2 with respect to average CPU utilization under conditions of process skew. In addition, we see that these improvements increase with system size, indicating that our NIC-based framework offers enhanced scalability when compared to a purely host-based approach.
Positioning of Antioxidant Quercetin and Its Metabolites in Lipid Bilayer Membranes: Implication for Their Lipid-Peroxidation Inhibition (2011)

Among numerous biological activities, natural polyphenols are antioxidants widely distributed in plants capable of inhibiting lipid peroxidation, which belongs to the most serious degenerative cell processes. Positioning of antioxidants in lipid bilayers can provide an insight to the lipid-peroxidation inhibition at the molecular level. This work aims at determining the location and orientation of quercetin and its most representative (glucuronidated, methylated, and sulfated) metabolites in lipid bilayer via molecular dynamic simulations. We show that quercetin derivatives penetrate the lipid bilayer and that the depths of penetration depend on molecular charge and substitutional variations. In the presence of charged substituents (sulfates and glucuronidates), the molecule is pulled toward the lipid bilayer surface. The orientation also depends on substitution as H-bonds are formed between the polar head groups of the bilayer and the (i) OH groups, (ii) sugar, and (iii) sulfate moieties of the antioxidants. As flavonoids and their derivatives are preferentially localized in the lipid bilayer membrane or on the bilayer/water interface, they readily concentrate in a relatively narrow membrane region. Despite the low concentrations of flavonoids in food, their spatial confinement in the membrane greatly enhances their local concentration in this vital region, thus increasing their importance for in vivo biological activities including oxidative stress defense.
Code Generation on Steroids: Enhancing COTS Code Generators via Generative Aspects (2007)

Commercial of-the-shelf (COTS) code generators have become an integral part of modern commercial software development. Programmers use code generators to facilitate many tedious and error-prone software development tasks including language processing, XML data binding, graphical component creation, and middleware deployment. Despite the convenience offered by code generators, the generated code is not always adequate for the task at hand. This position paper proposes an approach to address this problem. We utilize the power of aspect oriented programming (AOP) to enhance the functionality of generated code. Furthermore, our approach enables the programmer to specify these enhancements through an intuitive graphical interface. Our proof of concept software tool provides event-handling aspect/aspects that enhance the functionality of the XML processing classes automatically generated by a commercial of- the-shelf code generator, Castor.
Soil Carbon Pools in Adjacent Natural and Plantation Forests of Subtropical Australia (2004)

Soil C dynamics are not only important to both productivity and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems, but also contribute significantly to global C cycling. Adjacent natural forest (NF), and first (1R) and second rotation (2R) hoop pine ( Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex A. Cunn.) plantations in southeast Queensland, Australia, were selected to investigate the effects of conversion of NF to hoop pine plantations and forest management (harvesting and site preparation of plantation) on the size and the nature of C pools in surface (0–10 cm) soils using chemical extraction, laboratory incubation and 13 C cross‐polarization with magic‐angle‐spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 13 C CPMAS NMR). Conversion from NF to hoop pine plantations not only led to the reduction of soil total C (by 19.8%), water‐soluble organic C (WSOC) (by 17.7%), CaCl 2 –extractable organic C (by 38.8%), and hot water‐extractable organic C (HWEOC) (by 30.9%) and bioavailability of soil C (as determined by CO 2 evolved in the incubation), but also to a change in chemical composition of soil C with lower O‐alkyl C and higher alkyl C under the 1R plantation compared with NF. Harvesting and site preparation did not significantly affect total soil C and most labile C pools (except for a decrease in WSOC), but led to a lower signal intensity in the alkyl C spectral region and a decreased alkyl C/O‐alkyl C (A/O‐A) ratio in the soil under the 2R compared with the 1R plantation. The shifts in the amount and nature of soil C following forest conversion may be attributed to changes in litter inputs, microbial diversity and activity, and the disturbance of soil during harvesting and site preparation.
Influence of the Supramolecular Organization on the Magnetic Properties of Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s in Their Neutral State (2011)

The influence of the supramolecular behavior on the magnetic properties of head-to-tail coupled poly(3-alkylthiophene)s (P3AT) is reported. Samples with a different molar mass were prepared, and differences in their behavior were illustrated by UV–vis and CD spectroscopy. In addition, tuning of the supramolecular organization was also accomplished by applying thermal annealing. ESR spectroscopy was performed on powder samples. From the line features, information on the nature of the unpaired spins, the mobility, and the supramolecular order of the sample was derived. These spins are paramagnetic. SQUID magnetometry, in contrast, shows for all samples a ferromagnetic behavior at 5 K and superparamagnetism at 300 K. The coercivity does not depend on the degree of supramolecular order but is inherent to the molecular structure and, related to this, the π-interactions. The saturation magnetization, on the contrary, seems to be mainly influenced by the fraction of planarized polymer chains.
An automatic language identification system (1991)

An automatic language identification system which makes use of several language specific features is described. The system concurrently utilizes features associated with two methodologies, the hidden Markov model, (HMM) and language-specific pitch contours. Experimental results show that transition probabilities and pitch contours show differences between the languages. However, each of the described criteria will not give in every case a definitive answer, but will lead in the correct direction. Therefore, a voting classifier should be used to combine the results from each of the criteria.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preliminary Observations Regarding Value of a Very Fine Focus Tube in Radiologic Diagnosis (1953)

Engineering developments of recent years, especially perfection of the rotating anode tube, have made possible smaller focal spots for radiographic use. When the tube has a focal spot measuring a fraction of one millimeter, fine detail in radiographs may be preserved even when magnification of the part examined is accomplished. Under certain conditions, image magnification would appear to give additional information to the radiologist, as compared with ordinary methods. The advantages and limitations of a very fine (fraction of 1 mm.) focus tube in clinical practice, however, have not yet been thoroughly worked out. It is the purpose of this paper to present some studies concerning the practical value of a tube with a focal spot of 0.3 mm. for radiologic diagnosis. Radiography without Magnification The more nearly the focal spot of a radiographic tube approaches a point source of radiation, the finer the detail in the resulting radiograph. Films of exceptional diagnostic quality can be obtained by employing the 0.3 mm. focus tube at normal target-film and object-film distances, with or without the use of a Potter-Bucky diaphragm. Reduction of focal spot size, however, to a fraction of a millimeter unfortunately requires the use of relatively low milliamperage, with the result that long exposure times are necessary. Between 10 and 15 ma. is the most useful range for ordinary work. With 15 ma., which are used for the majority of examinations, the tube may be operated at 80 kv. for fifteen seconds; if the load is reduced to 10 ma., the tube may be operated at 100 kv. for fifty seconds. The tube ratings furnished by the different manufacturers of the equipment commercially available in this country are almost identical (Fig. 1). An interesting use of the very fine focus tube is its application to laminagraphy. Here, relatively long exposure times and low milliamperage are desirable to allow full motion of the radiographic tube and the film holder. Body sections of fine radiographic detail can be obtained by use of the fine focal spot of the x-ray tube. An unusual method of producing laminagrams, employing the very small focal spot tube, has been devised by Abel (1). In this method, the distance between the x-ray tube and film is varied throughout the exposure, but a fixed relation of the distances to one plane of the object is maintained. The images of structures in other planes of the body are poorly defined in the resulting radiograph, while structures in the plane of fixed distance ratio of tube and film are clearly depicted. Use of the 0.3 mm. focus tube at normal object-film distance has been found to be of definite clinical value. Ordinary methods of making facsimiles of radiographs for public demonstration unfortunately fail to capture the great difference in detail between films made with a 0.3 mm. focal spot and those made with a 1.0 mm. focal spot.