gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synchronization between Background Activity and Visually Evoked Potential Is Not Mirrored by Focal Hyperoxygenation: Implications for the Interpretation of Vascular Brain Imaging (2006)

We performed an electroencephalography and optical topography study simultaneously exploring electrophysiological and vascular response magnitude as a function of stimulus frequency. To elicit a response in the visual cortex, subjects were exposed to flicker frequencies varying from 1 to 25 Hz (1 Hz steps, eyes closed). Extending the standard view to compare magnitudes of the evoked neuronal to the evoked vascular response, we additionally investigated modulations of alpha-power, a marker of "background" EEG activity. The results show two discrepancies between the electrophysiological and vascular response: (1) VEP and alpha-power exhibit a discontinuous peak when stimulating at the individual alpha-frequency (IAF) (approximately 10-11 Hz), indicating resonance between background oscillations and evoked response; this is not mirrored by the vascular response. (2) The vascular response, in contrast, steadily increases up to a maximum at 7-8 Hz and slightly decreases with higher frequencies. This continuous frequency dependence is partly reflected by the decrease in alpha-power up to frequencies of 8-9 Hz and a slight increase in alpha-power beyond the IAF resonance. Although indicating an inverse relationship between alpha-power and vascular response, the frequency dependence of the evoked response does not show such a correlation. Thus, electrophysiological resonance between an individual's alpha-frequency and isofrequent stimulation is not mirrored by the vascular response. Also, spontaneous background EEG activity is an important modulator of the vascular response magnitude. We discuss these deviations from a simple one-to-one translation between evoked potential and vascular response amplitude in the light of questions concerning synchronization, attenuation, and induction of background oscillations such as the alpha-rhythm.
Sub-Speciating <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> by Proteomic Analysis of Its Protein Biomarkers and Their Post-Translational Modifications (2006)

We have identified several protein biomarkers of three Campylobacter jejuni strains (RM1221, RM1859, and RM3782) by proteomic techniques. The protein biomarkers identified are prominently observed in the time-of-flight mass spectra (TOF MS) of bacterial cell lysate supernatants ionized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). The protein biomarkers identified were: DNA-binding protein HU, translation initiation factor IF-1, cytochrome c553, a transthyretin-like periplasmic protein, chaperonin GroES, thioredoxin Trx, and ribosomal proteins: L7/L12 (50S), L24 (50S), S16 (30S), L29 (50S), and S15 (30S), and conserved proteins similar to strain NCTC 11168 proteins Cj1164 and Cj1225. The protein biomarkers identified appear to represent high copy, intact proteins. The significant findings are as follows: (1) Biomarker mass shifts between these strains were due to amino acid substitutions of the primary polypeptide sequence and not due to changes in post-translational modifications (PTMs). (2) If present, a PTM of a protein biomarker appeared consistently for all three strains, which supported that the biomarker mass shifts observed between strains were not due to PTM variability. (3) The PTMs observed included N-terminal methionine (N-Met) cleavage as well as a number of other PTMs. (4) It was discovered that protein biomarkers of C. jejuni (as well as other thermophilic Campylobacters) appear to violate the N-Met cleavage rule of bacterial proteins, which predicts N-Met cleavage if the penultimate residue is threonine. Two protein biomarkers (HU and 30S ribosomal protein S16) that have a penultimate threonine residue do not show N-Met cleavage. In all other cases, the rule correctly predicted N-Met cleavage among the biomarkers analyzed. This exception to the N-Met cleavage rule has implications for the development of bioinformatics algorithms for protein/pathogen identification. (5) There were fewer biomarker mass shifts between strains RM1221 and RM1859 compared to strain RM3782. As the mass shifts were due to the frequency of amino acid substitutions (and thus underlying genetic variations), this suggested that strains RM1221 and RM1859 were phylogenetically closer to one another than to strain RM3782 (in addition, a protein biomarker prominent in the spectra of RM1221 and RM1859 was absent from the RM3782 spectrum due to a nonsense mutation in the gene of the biomarker). These observations were confirmed by a nitrate reduction test, which showed that RM1221 and RM1859 were C. jejuni subsp. jejuni whereas RM3782 was C. jejuni subsp. doylei. This result suggests that detection/identification of protein biomarkers by pattern recognition and/or bioinformatics algorithms may easily subspeciate bacterial microorganisms. (6) Finally, the number and variation of PTMs detected in this relatively small number of protein biomarkers suggest that bioinformatics algorithms for pathogen identification may need to incorporate many more possible PTMs than suggested previously in the literature.
Role of the RecBCD Recombination Pathway in <i>Salmonella</i> Virulence (2002)

Mutants of Salmonella enterica lacking the RecBC function are avirulent in mice and unable to grow inside macrophages (N. A. Buchmeier, C. J. Lipps, M. Y. H. So, and F. Heffron, Mol. Microbiol. 7:933-936, 1993). The virulence-related defects of RecBC(-) mutants are not suppressed by sbcB and sbcCD mutations, indicating that activation of the RecF recombination pathway cannot replace the virulence-related function(s) of RecBCD. Functions of the RecF pathway such as RecJ and RecF are not required for virulence. Since the RecBCD pathway, but not the RecF pathway, is known to participate in the repair of double-strand breaks produced during DNA replication, we propose that systemic infection by S. enterica may require RecBCD-mediated recombinational repair to prime DNA replication inside phagocytes. Mutants lacking both RecD and RecJ are also attenuated in mice and are unable to proliferate in macrophages, suggesting that exonucleases V and IX provide alternative functions for RecBCD-mediated recombinational repair during Salmonella infection.
Desarrollo y evaluación curricular de la educación física en colombia (2012)

Partiendo de la discusión pedagógica en los Estados Unidos, se habla sobre cuestiones de currículum en el sentido más estrecho de la palabra desde hace aproximadamente 20 años en muchos de los sistemaseducativos mundiales. Aquí no se entiende cómo hasta ahora bajo "currículum" sólo se denomina el plan de estudio, el cual es decretado por camino administrativo por las Secretarías de Educación o el Ministerio de Educación. Desde esta discusión, el término "currículum" ha sido ampliado en gran medida: se incluyen en la comprensión del término tanto las interrelaciones de base así como las condiciones de los planes de estudio. Además, cuando hablamos del desarrollo del currículum, se tiene que incorporar una fase de evaluación, la cual suministra un reconocimiento necesario para una revisión y control sistemático.
Prevention of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: A Review (2015)

The following review aims to examine the available evidence to guide best practice in preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). As it stands, there is no single method to completely prevent OHSS. There seems to be a benefit, however, in categorizing women based on their risk of OHSS and individualizing treatments to curtail their chances of developing the syndrome. At present, both Anti-Müllerian Hormone and the antral follicle count seem to be promising in this regard. Both available and upcoming therapies are also reviewed to give a broad perspective to clinicians with regard to management options. At present, we recommend the use of a "step-up" regimen for ovulation induction, adjunct metformin utilization, utilizing a GnRH agonist as an ovulation trigger, and cabergoline usage. A summary of recommendations is also made available for ease of clinical application. In addition, areas for potential research are also identified where relevant.
The deiodination of thyroid hormone in rat liver (1985)

As mentioned in the preceding paragraphs, enzymatic deiodination of T4\nis the most important route for the production of the biologically active\nthyroid hormone, T3• The liver is regarded as the principal site for the\nperipheral production of T3. Besides deiodination the liver is also most active in the conjugation of the different iodothyronines with either\nglucuronic acid or sulfuric acid. Chapter II deals with a review of recent\nliterature concerning cellular uptake and enzymatic deiodination of\niodochyronines from experiments with cultured rat hepatocytes or\nsubcellular. fractions. The regulation and nature of the enzymatic\ndeiodination in the liver will be compared with deiodinases found in other\ntissues. In order to gain more insight in the mechanism of enzymatic\ndeiodination, attempts have been made to purify the deiodinating enzyme of\nrat liver and kidneys. Our efforts towards deiodinase purification will be\ndiscussed in conjunction with data available from the literature. Finally,\nsome remarks will be made concerning the importance of the liver in thyroid\nhormone metabolism.\nThe following chapters describe investigations related to the mechanism\nof rat liver iodothyronine deiodinase. Chapters III and IV concern the\ndevelopment of convenient methods for the chemical synthesis of\niodothyronine sulfate esters and sulfamates, and the subsequent study of\nthe deiodination of these compounds, especially T4 sulfate ester. The\nchemical modification of the iodothyronine deiodinase by\ndiethylpyrocarbonate or photo-oxidation with Rose Bengal is reported in\nchapter v. These results strongly suggest the presence of an active site\nhistidine residue. Chapter VI describes the use of N-bromoacetyl-T3 as an\naffinity label for the deiodinase, while chapters VII and VLII deal with\nthe partial purification of the enzyme from rat liver microsomal fraction.\nBasic knowledge of the deiodinating enzymes will help us to understand the\nalterations of serum iodothyronine concentrations in health and disease.
Aspirin and esomeprazole are superior to clopidogrel in preventing recurrent ulcer bleeding (2005)

Although low-dose aspirin is commonly used as the antiplatelet agent to prevent ischaemic events such as myocardial infarction and stroke, clopidogrel is probably superior at preventing ischaemic events. For patients who cannot tolerate aspirin, adding a proton pump inhibitor or substituting clopidogrel are options. Patients with endoscopy-confirmed ulcer healing were assigned to clopidogrel 75 mg/day or aspirin 80 mg/day and esomeprazole 20 mg b.i.d. for 12 months. There were 14 confirmed cases of recurrent ulcer bleeding, with 13 being from the 161 patients taking clopidogrel and 1 from the 159 patients taking aspirin plus esomeprazole. This trial has clearly shown that the combination of aspirin and esomeprazole is superior to clopidogrel in preventing recurrent ulcer bleeding. A more interesting study may have been to compare the effects of aspirin and clopidogrel in the presence of esomeprazole in patients with a history of ulcers.
Anterior ophthalmic imaging (2006)

Improvements in imaging chips and computer processing power have brought major advances in imaging of the anterior eye. Digitally captured images can be visualised immediately and can be stored and retrieved easily. Anterior ocular imaging techniques using slitlamp biomicroscopy, corneal topography, confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), ultrasonic biomicroscopy, computerised tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are reviewed. Conventional photographic imaging can be used to quantify corneal topography, corneal thickness and transparency, anterior chamber depth and lateral angle and crystalline lens position, curvature, thickness and transparency. Additionally, the effects of tumours, foreign bodies and trauma can be localised, the corneal layers can be examined and the tear film thickness assessed.
Evolutionary fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (2002)

In this paper, a new approach to fuzzy clustering is introduced. This approach, which is based on the application of an evolutionary strategy to the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm, utilizes the relationship between the various definitions of distance and structures implied in each given data set. As soon as a particular definition of distance is chosen, a particular structure in the data set is implied. Therefore, the search for a structure in given data can be viewed as a search for an appropriate definition of distance. We describe an evolutionary algorithm for determining the "best" distance for given data, where the criterion of goodness is defined in terms of the performance of the fuzzy c-means clustering method. We discuss relevant theoretical aspects as well as experimental results that characterize the utility of the proposed algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
846. The reaction of ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate with arylamines. Part I. The preparation of 2,3-dihydro-α-quinindones (2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-4-oxo-1H-cyclopenta[c]quinolines) (1961)

R. J. Brown, F. W. S. Carver and B. L. Hollingsworth, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 4295 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610004295
A Series of ι-Alkylmercapto and ι-Alkylsulfonyl Acids<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Series of ι-Alkylmercapto and ι-Alkylsulfonyl Acids1Lorence Rapoport, Allen Smith, and Melvin S. NewmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 3, 693–694Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01195a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01195a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fragment-based domain shuffling approach for the synthesis of pyran-based macrocycles (2011)

Complexity and the presence of stereogenic centers have been correlated with success as compounds transition from discovery through the clinic. Here we describe the synthesis of a library of pyran-containing macrocycles with a high degree of structural complexity and up to five stereogenic centers. A key feature of the design strategy was to use a modular synthetic route with three fragments that can be readily interchanged or "shuffled" to produce subtly different variants with distinct molecular shapes. A total of 352 macrocycles were synthesized ranging in size from 14- to 16-membered rings. In order to facilitate the generation of stereostructure-activity relationships, the complete matrix of stereoisomers was prepared for each macrocycle. Solid-phase assisted parallel solution-phase techniques were employed to allow for rapid analogue generation. An intramolecular nitrile-activated nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction was used for the key macrocyclization step.
Immittance spectral pairs (ISP) for speech encoding (1993)

Immittance spectral pairs (ISPs) form a new set of parameters for representing the linear predictive coding (LPC) filter. For a filter of order n ISP consists of a gain and n-1 frequency parameters, instead of n frequency parameters as is the case for line spectrum pair (LSPs). In regarding LPC as a pseudo-model for the vocal tract, ISP can represent the immitance at the glottis without imposing, like LSP, artificial boundary conditions. In quantization experiments ISP has been found to compare favorably with LSP. A study of interframe differentiation coding for ISP and LSP demonstrates the respective performances of the two sets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The simulation of short wave propagation by ray-tracing method in sporadic E layer of ionosphere (2014)

In this study, the propagation path of radio wave in the sporadic E layer of the ionosphere is computed by the basic equations of ray-tracing and Runge-Kutta algorithm, which is not considering the terrestrial magnetic field or the collision conditions. From the computation results of the radio wave propagation in sporadic E layer by the method of ray-tracing, it can be seen that a reference for the selections of using sporadic E layer better in communication is provided by the proposed method.
Human Sperm Plasma Membranes Possess α-D-Mannosidase Activity but no Galactosyltransferase Activity1 (1990)

Previous studies from this laboratory and others have identified several enzymes on the surface of mammalian spermatozoa. Some of these enzymes, namely a galactosyltransferase and a novel alpha-D-mannosidase, are believed to play a ligand-like role in recognizing and binding to the complementary moiety(ies) present on zona pellucida glycoconjugates. However, little or no information is available about the occurrence of these enzymes in human spermatozoa. In the present report, we show that a very small amount of the total galactosyltransferase activity present in human semen is associated with spermatozoa. Moreover, our failure to find a significant amount of the enzyme on sperm plasma membranes suggests that the enzyme is not associated with the sperm surface. Therefore, it is unlikely that galactosyltransferase in humans has the same ligand-like role in zona binding that is demonstrated in mouse sperm. In contrast, nearly 5% of alpha-D-mannosidase activity was repeatedly found in the salt-washed plasma membrane fraction. The recovery and enrichment of the alpha-D-mannosidase was nearly one-half that observed for adenylate cyclase and nearly one-third that for phosphodiesterase I, the two sperm plasma membrane marker enzymes. The differential enrichment and recovery of the sperm surface alpha-D-mannosidase is consistant with our previous studies in rat spermatozoa, and suggests that alpha-D-mannosidase may be localized on morphologically distinct region(s) of the sperm plasma membranes. The properties of human sperm surface alpha-D-mannosidase are quite similar to those reported by us for rat sperm plasma membrane mannosidase, but quite different from human sperm acid alpha-D-mannosidase. In addition, whereas anti-rat epididymal alpha-D-mannosidase antibody (IgG-fraction) cross-reacted with the human sperm acid alpha-D-mannosidase, no cross-reactivity was observed with the sperm surface mannosidase. A small amount of fucosyltransferase (less than 1% of the enzyme originally present on spermatozoa) was found in the salt-washed plasma membrane, but the enrichment of the enzyme was only one-tenth of that observed for adenylate cyclase. The potential ligand-like role of human sperm surface alpha-D-mannosidase and other sperm surface enzymes during fertilization is discussed.
SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH (1987)

Various modes of oriented crystallization on amorphous substrates are examined: zone recrystallization with spontaneous nucleation, lateral growth of a single-crystal seed, artificial epitaxy (graphoepitaxy), etc. New data are presented on making gallium arsenide and cadmium sulfide on amorphous substrates by artificial epitaxy.
Oxidation of simple compounds and mixtures in supercritical water: carbon monoxide, ammonia and ethanol (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of simple compounds and mixtures in supercritical water: carbon monoxide, ammonia and ethanolRichard K. Helling and Jefferson W. TesterCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 11, 1319–1324Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00176a012https://doi.org/10.1021/es00176a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views784Altmetric-Citations140LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Retinal vein occlusion: A form of venous thrombosis or a complication of atherosclerosis? (2005)

Previous studies have shown an increased risk of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in patients with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. Literature on the association between thrombophilic factors and RVO consists of small studies and case reports. The objective was to determine the relationship between thrombophilic risk factors and RVO. Thrombophilic risk factors analyzed were hyperhomocysteinemia, MTHFR gene mutation, factor V Leiden mutation, protein C and S deficiency, antithrombin deficiency, prothrombin gene mutation, anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant. For all currently known thrombophilic risk factors odds ratios for RVO were calculated as estimates of relative risk. The odds ratios were 8.9 (95% CI 5.7 - 13.7) for hyperhomocysteinemia, 3.9 (95% CI 2.3 - 6.7) for anticardiolipin antibodies, 1.2 (95% CI 0.9 - 1.6) for MTHFR, 1.5 (95% CI 1.0 - 2.2) for factor V Leiden mutation and 1.6 (95% CI 0.8 - 3.2) for prothrombin gene mutation. In conclusion, regarding thrombophilic risk factors and RVO there is only evidence for an association with hyperhomocysteinemia and anticardiolipin antibodies, factors that are known as risk factors for venous thrombosis as well as for arterial vascular disease. The minor effect of factor V Leiden mutation and the protrombin gene mutation (risk factors for venous thrombosis only) suggests that atherosclerosis might be an important factor in the development of CRVO.