gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor beta selectively inhibits normal and leukemic human bone marrow cell growth in vitro (1988)

The effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 or beta 2 (TGF-beta 1 or -beta 2) on the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of normal and malignant human hematopoietic cells were studied. Both forms of TGF-beta suppressed both the normal cellular proliferation and colony formation induced by recombinant human interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In the presence of GM-CSF or IL-3, optimal concentrations of TGF-beta (400 pmol/L) inhibited colony formation by erythroid (BFU-E), multipotential (CFU-GEMM), and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells by 90% to 100%, whereas granulocyte or monocyte cluster formation was not inhibited. In contrast, neither form of TGF-beta had any effect on G-CSF-induced hematopoiesis. The suppressive action appeared to be mediated directly by TGF-beta since antiproliferative responses were also observed in accessory cell-depleted bone marrow cells. In contrast to normal bone marrow cells, both GM- and G-CSF-induced proliferation of cells from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia were suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by TGF-beta. Differential effects of TGF-beta on the proliferation of established leukemic lines were also observed since most cell lines of myelomonocytic nature studied were strongly inhibited where erythroid cell lines were either insensitive or poorly inhibited by TGF-beta. These results suggest that TGF-beta is an important modulator of human hematopoiesis that selectively regulates the growth of less mature hematopoietic cell populations with a high proliferative capacity as opposed to more differentiated cells, which are not affected by TGF-beta.
Homeopathy: what does the “best” evidence tell us? (2010)

The findings of currently available Cochrane reviews of studies of homeopathy do not show that homeopathic medicines have effects beyond placebo.
Visualization using rational morphology and zonal magnitude reduction (1998)

Morphological filters are investigated and employed for detecting and visualizing objects within an image. The techniques developed here will be employed on NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite data products for the purpose of anomaly detection. Previous efforts have shown the phase information in the spectral domain to be more significant than the magnitude information in representing the location of objects in an image. The magnitude information does provide some useful information for object location, but it is also sensitive to image illumination, blurring, and magnification variations, all of which influence the performance of object detection algorithms. Magnitude reduction techniques in the spectral domain can dramatically improve subsequent object detection methods by causing them to rely less on the magnitude and more on the phase information of the image. However, magnitude reduction enhances the high-frequency noise within an image, often causing unwanted noise to be interpreted as image objects. We propose three new techniques for improved object detection and noise reduction. Our first method employs varying magnitude reductions within radially concentric zones, using increasingly greater reductions in higher frequency zones. By employing this zonal magnitude- reduction technique, we manage to attenuate the high-frequency noise component while still maintaining the improved visualization performance of the magnitude reduction method. Our second technique operates by utilizing several magnitude reductions of varying scale, performing object detection on each magnitude-reduced image, and combining the results for improved accuracy. This result-averaging method allows us to further reduce our false-alarm rate from high-frequency noise while increasing visualization performance. Our third method is a new technique which is based on the ratios of morphological filters. By combining classical morphological filters in this way, we are able to produce more robust results which can yield useful information as to the location of image objects.
Excimer Laser Processing Of Thin Metallic Films On Dielectric Substrates (1987)

In addition to the conventional use of metal coatings on glass for mirrors, the electrical and electronic industries have increasing demand for patterned metal films on polymer substrates.
Investigations into the Electrochemical, Surface, and Electrocatalytic Properties of the Surface-Immobilized Polyoxometalate, TBA<sub>3</sub>K[SiW<sub>10</sub>O<sub>36</sub>(PhPO)<sub>2</sub>] (2014)

Surface anchoring of an organic functionalized POM, TBA3K[SiW10O36(PhPO)2] was carried out by two methods, the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technique by employing a pentaerythritol-based ruthenium(II) metallodendrimer as a cationic moiety and also by entrapping the POM in a conducting polypyrrole film. The redox behavior of the constructed films was studied by using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The surface morphologies of the constructed multilayers were examined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was conducted to confirm the elements present within the fabricated films. The multilayer assembly was also investigated for its catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of nitrite.
Increase of fecundity by probiotic administration in zebrafish ( <i>Danio rerio</i> ) (2010)

It is well known established that reproduction is sensitive to the state of energy reserves, and that there is a balance between energy homeostasis and fertility. In this view, this study examined the effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus, as a feed additive, on zebrafish (Danio rerio) fecundity. Ten days of probiotic treatment modulate the gene expression of neuropeptide hormones and metabolic signals, such as kiss1, kiss2 and leptin both at the CNS level and at the peripheral level. The increase in fecundity brought about by the probiotic was demonstrated by the higher number of ovulated eggs in vivo and by the higher germinal vesicle breakdown rate obtained with the in vitro maturation assay. The increase in oocyte maturation was associated with increased transcription of genes coding for signals which induce the maturation phase, such as lhcgr, cbr1l, and paqr8 genes, concomitant with a decreased transcription of genes coding for local factors which prevent oocyte maturation, such as tgfb1, gdf9, and bmp15. In conclusion, all these findings highlight the action of L. rhamnosus both on the endocrine system and at the local level by inducing oocyte maturation. The significance of the results herein obtained underlined the importance of diet in the reproductive process, supporting the hypothesis that feed additives can improve fecundity. Considering that the zebrafish has been clearly established as a vertebrate model for biomedical research, these results support the potentiality of feed additives such as probiotics, frequently used in the human diet, as a new technology to improve reproduction in all vertebrates, including humans.
Photoluminescence Properties of Pr-Doped (Ca,Sr,Ba)TiO<sub>3</sub> (2005)

Photoluminescence properties of Pr-doped alkaline-earth titanates Pr0.002(Ca,Sr,Ba)0.997TiO3 are investigated by emission, excitation, and diffuse reflectance spectra at room temperature. The intensities of red luminescence and absorption due to f−f transition of Pr3+ ions increase in the order of Pr-doped cubic SrTiO3, tetragonal BaTiO3, and orthorhombic CaTiO3. The small red luminescence for Pr-doped SrTiO3 is increased by substituting Sr by Ca and Ba even if the substituted samples have the same cubic structure as SrTiO3 and the lattice parameters are close to that of SrTiO3. The red luminescence intensity is intense for orthorhombic samples of which the excitation spectra show a peak corresponding to valence-to-conduction band edge and a shoulder referred to as B band. The photoluminescence properties are discussed in relation to the crystal structure.
Spinal Glial Activation and Cytokine Expression After Lumbar Root Injury in the Rat (2000)

Direct mechanical and/or chemical injury to lumbar roots in the rat gives rise to pain behavior suggestive of lumbar radiculopathy. The finding that glial activation and enhanced IL-1beta expression are observed in the spinal cord after root injury supports a central, neuroimmune component in the generation of lumbar radiculopathy. A further understanding of the immunologic consequences of root injury may lead to further development and the novel use of selective cytokine-inflammatory inhibitors for the treatment of low back pain associated with radiculopathy.
A New Cryptographic Key Generation Scheme Using Psychological Signals (2016)

Ensuring confidentiality and integrity of secret information is the major concern in the field of Biometric Cryptosystems. Security of data transmission is served by the art of encrypted data called cryptography. Biometric cryptography is the emerging methodology in communication networks. Various types of biometrics are available for encryption and also for decryption. This paper introduces a new technique known as brain wave cryptography. Brain waves or signals are generated by the neuron activity of human brain. With the help of sensors brain signals can be captured. After capturing brain waves convert these into digital form. From the brain signals we can generate a secret code or key which can be used as cryptographic key or we can bind key with the help of brain waves. The security of the key can be improved because brain waves will be one of the most powerful biometrics compared to others. This novel approach will enhances the security of the data transmission. This paper also highlights a new idea of automatic ICi selection by taking an average of particular brain regions which resolves the problem of online BCI. The proposed method has been tested in EEG datasets such as .SET, .SMA which succeeds in selecting reference ICi.
Reversible inactivation of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus completely prevents acquisition of the classically conditioned eye-blink response. (1997)

Numerous studies from several laboratories report that temporary inactivation of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus and regions of overlying cortex during eye-blink conditioning completely prevents acquisition of the conditioned eye-blink response (CR) without affecting the ability to learn the CR in subsequent training without inactivation. Recently, these results have been challenged by the suggestion that learning was not completely blocked in these studies. Instead, it has been suggested that low levels of responses on test sessions might represent a retarded form of learning caused by drug effects on cerebellar cortex. The present study was designed to address this issue directly. Very low doses of muscimol were used to selectively inactivate the interpositus nucleus of rabbits during five conditioning sessions. Animals performed no significant levels of CRs during those sessions. Training was continued four more sessions without any inactivations to test whether any learning had occurred during the previous five sessions. Detailed analysis of responses during session six revealed that learning was completely blocked by the low doses of muscimol infused into the interpositus during the first five sessions. Animals subsequently acquired the CR normally. These results confirm and extend the original findings that appropriate lesions (either temporary or permanent) of the interpositus nucleus completely prevent acquisition of the conditioned eye-blink response. Other issues regarding reversible inactivation studies are also discussed.
An integrated vapor source with a porous silicon wick (2007)

Abstract A micro vapor source has been developed for calibrating micro gas chromatograph (μGC) systems. By utilizing a porous silicon wick in a micro diffusion system, vapor generation with excellent stability has been achieved. The source has shown uniform and repeatable vapor generation for n‐decane with less than a 0.1% variation in 9 hours, and less than a 0.5% variation in rate over 7 days. The evolution rate follows the diffusion model as expected, although the room temperature rate is higher than theoretically predicted. Equipped with a refillable reservoir, this vapor source is suitable for extended μGC field deployment. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chromophore-Modified Bisnaphthalimides:  DNA Recognition, Topoisomerase Inhibition, and Cytotoxic Properties of Two Mono- and Bisfuronaphthalimides (2003)

Bisnaphthalimides represent a promising group of DNA-targeted anticancer agents. In this series, the lead compounds elinafide and bisnafide have reached clinical trials, and the search for more potent analogues remains a priority. In the course of a medicinal chemistry program aimed at discovering novel antitumor drugs based on the naphthalimide skeleton, different dimeric molecules containing two tetracyclic neutral DNA intercalating chromophores were synthesized. The naphthalimide unit has been fused to a benzene ring (azonafide derivatives), an imidazole, a pyrazine, or, as reported here, a furan ring which increases the planar surface of the chromophore and enhances its stacking properties. We report a detailed investigation of the DNA binding capacity of the dimeric molecule MCI3335 composed of two furonaphthalimide units connected by a 12 A long amino alkyl linker [(CH(2))(2)-NH-(CH(2))(3)-NH-(CH(2))(2)] identical to that of elinafide. Qualitative and quantitative binding studies, in particular using surface plasmon resonance, establish that the dimer binds considerably more tightly to DNA (up to 1000 times) than the corresponding monomer and exhibits a higher sequence selectivity for GC-rich sequences. DNase I footprinting experiments attest that the dimer, and to a lesser extent the monomer, preferentially intercalate at GC sites. The strong binding interaction between the drugs and DNA perturbs the relaxation of supercoiled DNA by topoisomerases, but the test compounds do not promote DNA cleavage by topoisomerase I or II. Despite the lack of poisoning effect toward topoisomerase II, MCI3335 displays a very high cytotoxicity toward CEM human leukemia cells, with an IC(50) in the low nanomolar range, approximately 4 times inferior to that of the reference drug elinafide. Confocal microscopy observations indicate that the monomer shows a stronger tendency to accumulate in the cell nuclei than the dimer. The extremely high cytotoxic potential of MCI3335 is attributed to its enhanced capacity to bind to DNA and to inhibit DNA synthesis, as evidenced by flow cytometry experiments using the BrdU assay. The results provide novel mechanistic information that furthers the understanding of the structure-activity relationships in the bisnaphthalimide series and identify MCI3335 as a novel lead compound for further preclinical investigations.
A maps-based angular PDF for navigation systems in indoor and outdoor environments (2011)

By incorporating known floor-plans in sequential Bayesian positioning estimators such as Particle Filters (PF), long term positioning accuracy can be achieved as long as the map is sufficiently accurate and the environment sufficiently constraints pedestrians' motion. Instead of using binary decisions to eliminate particles when crossing a wall as several authors do, a maps-based angular probability density function (PDF) is used in this paper that is capable of weighting the possible headings of the pedestrian according to local infrastructure. We will show that the angular PDF will help to obtain better performance in critical multi-modal navigation scenarios.
Chemical modification of lactose. XIII. Synthesis of lacto-N-tetraose. (1979)

The protected tetrasaccharide (6) was synthesized in 77% yield by condensation of 1, 6-anhydro-2, 2', 3, 4', 6'-penta-O-benzyl-β-lactose (4) with the oxazoline derivative of lacto-N-biose I (5). The protecting groups of 6 were removed by the following series of reaction to provide lacto-N-tetraose (10) : debenzylation, acetylation, acetolysis, and de-O-acetylation. The synthetic product (10) was crystallized from aqueols ethanol as white needles, mp 225-228°, [α]21D+27° (4 min)→+21.3° (3 hr) (c=0.45, H2O). The homogeneity and the mobility of 10 were confirmed by the gel permeation chromatography using Bio-Gel P-4 column. The specific rotation and IR spectrum of 10 were similar to those of the natural material reported by Kuhn, Gauhe, and Baer [Chem. Ber., 86, 827 (1953)].
Latency-Aware Information Access with User-Directed Fetch Behaviour for Weakly-Connected Mobile Wireless Clients (2002)

Mobile wireless clients have highly variable network connectivity and available bandwidth. There are times when they may be completely disconnected from the larger Internet. This dynamism of connectivity poses unique constraints for the problem of information access in general, and Web access in particular. These and other factors (such as loaded servers and congested networks) contribute to unpredictably high response times in content retrieval. We examine the problem of improving the utility of information access applications for these imperfectly connected devices. In particular, we are concerned with three related problems: 1. Providing information to the user on the estimated response time to retrieve content, the freshness of cached content, and the status on the strength of connection to the network. This information allows the user to make informed decisions about which content to retrieve, and how to retrieve it. We propose that client applications should be latency-aware with location translucency. 2. Giving the user control over how the client application behaves when desired content is either not fresh or absent from the cache, for example, whether the user waits for the content, uses an out-of-date cached version, or both. We propose that clients should support user-directed fetch behaviour. 3. Keeping the content cache as current as practical. In addition to conventional techniques such as demand prefetching and push preloading, we propose to build a profile of user activity. During periods of strong connectivity, the client application should hoard to keep the cache fresh, so that content will be locally available when disconnected from the network. We describe the problem, through a motivating, application, and present our architecture, design, and prototype implementation, followed by a discussion of research issues to be explored. Our work draws on the experiences of designing mobile clients in other scenarios such as distributed file systems (e.g. Coda), as well the large body of work on Web caching and anticipation.
Distributed shape sensing using Brillouin scattering in multi-core fibers (2016)

A theoretical and experimental study on the response of Brillouin scattering in multi-core optical fibers (MCF) under different curving conditions is presented. Results demonstrate that the Brillouin frequency shift of the off-center cores in MCF is highly bending-dependent, showing a linear dependence on the fiber curvature. This feature is here exploited to develop a new kind of distributed optical fiber sensor, which provides measurements of a distributed profile mapping the longitudinal fiber shape. Using conventional Brillouin optical time-domain analysis with differential pulse-width pairs, fully distributed shape sensing along a 1 km-long MCF is practically demonstrated. Experimental results show a very good agreement with the theoretically expected behavior deduced from the dependence of the Brillouin frequency on the strain induced by the fiber bending over a given core. The analysis and results presented in this paper constitute the first demonstration of distributed bending sensing, providing the cornerstone to further develop it into a fully distributed three-dimensional shape sensor.
Highly Efficient Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids Catalyzed by Ruthenium(II)‐Dipyridylphosphine Complexes (2007)

Abstract Two types of catalysts [RuL(benzene)Cl]Cl and Ru(OCOCH 3 ) 2 L with the dipyridylphosphine ligands P‐Phos and Xyl‐P‐Phos were applied in the asymmetric hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids. The cationic complexes [RuL(benzene)Cl]Cl were found to be superior to the corresponding neutral complex Ru(OCOCH 3 ) 2 L in this type of reactions. The catalysts exhibited excellent activities and enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee ) in the asymmetric hydrogenation.
Chemical Characterisation of Disruptants of the Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). ActVI Genes Involved in Actinorhodin Biosynthesis. (2000)

The actVI genetic region of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is part of the biosynthetic gene cluster of actinorhodin (ACT), the act cluster, consisting of six ORFs: ORFB, ORFA, ORF1, ORF2, ORF3, ORF4. A newly devised method of ACT detection with a combination of HPLC and LC/MS was applied to the analysis of the disruptants of each ORF. ACT was produced by those of ORFB, ORFA, ORF3, and ORF4. Instead of ACT, the ORF1 disruptant produced 3,8-dihydroxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (DMAC) and aloesaponarin II as shunt products. The ORF2 disruptant gave 4-dihydro-9-hydroxy-1-methyl-10-oxo-3-H-naphtho-[2,3-c]-pyran-3-(S)-acet ic acid, (S)-DNPA. These results support our previous proposal for stereospecific pyran ring formation in the biosynthesis of ACT, most importantly suggesting that the actVI-ORF2 product would recognize (S)-DNPA as a substrate for stereospecific reduction at C-15. The disruptant of ORFA produced (S)-DNPA together with ACT, suggesting that actVI-ORFA might play a role such as stabilising the multicomponent, type II PKS complex.
[From "bone suture" to modern osteosynthesis--a chronology]. (1995)

The five extremely well-known principals of osteosyntheses have been developed since the mid 19th century. Anaesthesia and antisepsis as absolute conditions blossomed into the heyday of surgery. Wire was the earliest material for osteosyntheses, successfully applied for the first time in 1827 by Rodgers in New York, systematically by Lister in Glasgow since about 1870, and later used in form of various 'bone sutures' and cerclages. In 1963 Weber (St. Gallen) developed the excentric wire tension band which for the first time provided technical knowledge in the treatment of fractures. In 1978 Labitzke introduced cables instead of the rigid cerclage wire. His lateral cable tension band which compresses the entire fracture area by itself, clearly improves the functional results. 1843 after the wire came the external fixation clamp from Wutzer (Bonn), 1886 the plate osteosynthesis from Hansmann (Hamburg), 1909 the K-wire from Kirschner (Greifswald) and 1939 the intramedullary nail from Küntscher (Kiel). Time has changed and modernised all principals. At the moment intramedullary stabilizing systems are at the centre of intensive research.
Lung Cells from Neonates Show a Mesenchymal Stem Cell Phenotype (2007)

Together, these data demonstrate that tracheal aspirate fluid from premature, mechanically ventilated infants contains fibroblasts with cell markers and differentiation potential typically found in mesenchymal stem cells.
The use of MTA in teeth with necrotic (2002)

Three clinical cases have been treated with the use of an apical plug of MTA for apexi¢cation. All three cases were central incisors that had suiered premature interruption of root development as a consequence of trauma. According to the treatment protocol, the root canals were rinsed with 5% NaOCl; then, calcium hydroxide paste was placed in the canals for 1week. Consequently, the apical portion of the canal (4 mm) was ¢lled with MTA. The remaining portion of the root canals was then closed with thermoplastic gutta-percha. At 6-month and 1-year follow-up period the clinical and radiographic appearance of the teeth showed resolution of the periapical lesions. MTA appears to be a valid option for apexi¢cation with its main advantage being the speed at which the treatment can be completed.