gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High coercivity and low noise media using glass substrate (1994)

To improve the recording performance of magnetic media on a glass substrate, we have investigated the effect of coating a glass substrate with additional thin reactive films before sputtering conventional Cr and Co alloy films. NiP/sub 3/, TiSi/sub 2/, Cr, or C were used for reactive layers. With a proper reactive layer, the optimized glass substrate media had a coercivity equivalent to textured Al substrate media and noise lower than Al textured media. Macromagnetic performance and read-write performance were evaluated. The correlation of magnetic performance with film microstructure was determined using XRD, TEM, and AFM characterization techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transparency and antialiasing algorithms implemented with the virtual pixel maps technique (1989)

The benefits of the virtual pixel maps technique in the support of high-quality rendering operations are described. A dedicated frame buffer with a fixed number of bits per pixel is inappropriate for implementing high-quality rendering techniques within the framework of a graphics computer system. The virtual pixel maps feature is an elegant abstraction for solving problems that inherently require a large number of bits per pixel. A system implementation is presented to illustrate the types of hardware rendering algorithms that benefit from the concept of virtual pixel maps. Two specific algorithms, namely, transparency and antialiasing, are used as examples, but many other algorithms could easily be adapted to such an environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Adaptive Virtual Queue (AVQ) Algorithm for Active Queue Management (2004)

Virtual queue-based marking schemes have been recently proposed for Active Queue Management (AQM) in Internet routers. We consider a particular scheme, which we call the Adaptive Virtual Queue (AVQ), and study its following properties: its stability in the presence of feedback delays, its ability to maintain small queue lengths, and its robustness in the presence of extremely short flows (the so-called web mice). Using a linearized model of the system dynamics, we present a simple rule to design the parameters of the AVQ algorithm. We then compare its performance through simulation with several well-known AQM schemes such as RED, REM, Proportional Integral (PI) controller, and a nonadaptive virtual queue algorithm. With a view toward implementation, we show that AVQ can be implemented as a simple token bucket using only a few lines of code.
Hsp70 and Its Molecular Role in Nervous System Diseases (2011)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced in response to many injuries including stroke, neurodegenerative disease, epilepsy, and trauma. The overexpression of one HSP in particular, Hsp70, serves a protective role in several different models of nervous system injury, but has also been linked to a deleterious role in some diseases. Hsp70 functions as a chaperone and protects neurons from protein aggregation and toxicity (Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, polyglutamine diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), protects cells from apoptosis (Parkinson disease), is a stress marker (temporal lobe epilepsy), protects cells from inflammation (cerebral ischemic injury), has an adjuvant role in antigen presentation and is involved in the immune response in autoimmune disease (multiple sclerosis). The worldwide incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is high. As neurodegenerative diseases disproportionately affect older individuals, disease-related morbidity has increased along with the general increase in longevity. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms that lead to neurodegeneration is key to identifying methods of prevention and treatment. Investigators have observed protective effects of HSPs induced by preconditioning, overexpression, or drugs in a variety of models of brain disease. Experimental data suggest that manipulation of the cellular stress response may offer strategies to protect the brain during progression of neurodegenerative disease.
Non-linear ultrasonics to determine molecular properties of pure liquids (1995)

Wave propagation of ultrasound through condensed media is fundamentally non-linear in nature. The extent of non-linearity is related to the ratio of the third to second virial coefficients (BA) of the equation of state of the medium. This ratio can be directly measured by determining the rate of change in sound speed with pressure. Several simple relations are developed that relate acoustic non-linearity to the molecular properties, namely internal pressure, free energy of binding, the effective van der Waals' constants, the translational diffusion coefficient, and the rotational correlation time. Using these relationships and the measured the acoustic non-linearity parameter and the sound speed, the molecular properties are determined for the liquids: water, alcohols and fluorocarbons. In all cases the values obtained from ultrasonic measurements compare closely with the values reported in the literature based on alternative measurements. In conclusion, the non-linear propagation of ultrasound offers an independent means of determining the molecular properties of condensed media.
A three-dimensional neutral framework of a novel decavanadium cluster bridged by an AsO4 tetrahedron: [AsVIV8VV2O26(μ-H2O)]·8H2O (2000)

A three-dimensional neutral framework of a novel decavanadate ion [VIV8VV2O26(μ-H 2O)] containing an AsO4 tetrahedral bridge has been synthesized hydrothermally and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction.
Hydrogen bonding in polymers: infrared temperature studies of an amorphous polyamide (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen bonding in polymers: infrared temperature studies of an amorphous polyamideDaniel J. Skrovanek, Stephen E. Howe, Paul C. Painter, and Michael M. ColemanCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 9, 1676–1683Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00151a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00151a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3452Altmetric-Citations531LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dual Functions of Natural Killer Cells in Selection and Differentiation of Stem Cells; Role in Regulation of Inflammation and Regeneration of Tissues (2013)

Accumulated evidence from our laboratory indicates that conditioned or anergized NK cells have the ability to induce resistance of healthy stem cells and transformed cancer stem cells through both secreted factors and direct cell-cell contact by inducing differentiation. Cytotoxic function of NK cells is suppressed in the tumor microenvironment by a number of distinct effectors and their secreted factors. Furthermore, decreased peripheral blood NK cell function has been documented in many cancer patients. We have previously shown that NK cells mediate significant cytotoxicity against primary oral squamous carcinoma stem cells (OSCSCs) as compared to their more differentiated oral squamous carcinoma cells (OSCCs). In addition, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and induced human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were all significantly more susceptible to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity than their differentiated counterparts or parental cells from which they were derived. We have also reported that inhibition of differentiation or reversion of cells to a less-differentiated phenotype by blocking NFκB or gene deletion of COX2 significantly augmented NK cell function. Furthermore, the induction of resistance of the stem cells to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and their subsequent differentiation is amplified when either the stem cells or the NK cells were cultured in the presence of monocytes. Therefore, we propose that the two stages of NK cell maturation namely CD16+CD56dimCD69- NK cells are important for the lysis of stem cells or poorly differentiated cells whereas the CD16dim/-CD56dim/+CD69+NK cells are important for differentiation and eventual regeneration of the tissues and the resolution of inflammation, thus functionally serving as regulatory NK cells (NK(reg)). CD16 receptor on the NK cells were found to be the receptor with significant potential to induce NK cell anergy, however, our recent data indicated that NKp46 but not NKp30 or NKp44 were also able to induce significant anergy in NK cells, although the levels were less when compared to CD16 receptor triggering. The concept of split anergy in NK cells and generation of NK(reg) and its contribution to cell differentiation, tissue repair and regeneration and in tumor resistance will be discussed in this review.
Importance of Solute Partitioning on the Kinetics of Drug Release from Matrix Systems (1976)

Mathematical expressions derived on the basis of Fick's law of diffusion are applied to the study of the release of several model compounds from silicone rubber matrices. Ester chain length of a homologous series of p-aminobenzoic acid is systematically varied to illustrate the importance of the lipophilic character of the diffusing species. The time dependence of the release rate is shown to be dependent upon the partitioning and solubility of the diffusant, and expected square root of time profiles from invitro experiments may lead to zero-order kinetics invivo. Biological studies with a vaginal ring containing medroxyprogesterone acetate support this analysis as constant blood levels result even though a square root of time release dependence is observed invitro.
Slot-by-slot brushless DC motor commutation technique (2004)

The commutation technique used for the optimal operation of a special brushless DC motor is presented. The machine has a wound rotor, 12 armature phases, 4 poles and a nominal power of about 30 kW. Electronic commutation ensures a nearly 90 electric degrees angle difference between the resultant stator magnetomotive force (MMF) and the rotor field. An optical rotor position sensor is mounted on the rotor to gauge its angular position. It determines the slot commutation instant as well as the motor speed. This paper presents a description of the electronic commutation and the motor control system that uses a microprocessor (DSP) and the closed-loop PI control procedures. The results obtained when using bipolar and unipolar voltage switching in a full bridge inverter are also reported.
The Development of a Flexible Laser Platform for Photoemission based, High-Time Resolution Electron Microscopes (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Electronic Direct Fuel Injection System Applied to an 1100cc Two-Stroke Personal Watercraft Engine (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Direct injection has been considered the most effective approach to overcome the inherent short-circuiting of fuel in a two-stroke engine. A practical application of this technology on an 1100cc personal watercraft (PWC) engine is described. The experimental results show a drastic improvement in the engine emissions and fuel economy while maintaining good output performance and drive-ability of the PWC tested. The all-electronic, direct fuel injection engine has demonstrated a 76.3% reduction in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions and 43.03 g/kW-h HC plus oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. This HC + NOx level meets the emission standards applicable to the 2006 model year set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for new gasoline spark-ignition marine engines.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Finally some considerations on extending the technology to include combustion control in the areas of both air and spark management, are recommended.</div>
Sesquiterpenes from the Sponge Dysidea etheria and the Nudibranch Hypselodoris zebra (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSesquiterpenes from the Sponge Dysidea etheria and the Nudibranch Hypselodoris zebraStephen H. Grode and John H. Cardellina II.Cite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1984, 47, 1, 76–83Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 January 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/np50031a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (490 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Explants of human oral epithelium exposed to viruses and cancer chemotherapeutics (1989)

Cultures of proliferating epithelial cells were established from explants of normal human oral epithelium from healthy young volunteers. The epithelial cells were found permissive for herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, coxsackie virus A‐4 and A‐16, adenovirus type 5, measles vaccine, rubella and influenza type A virus‐. Medium from DEAE‐pretreated epithelial cultures infected with two subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 showed an increasing content of virusprotein with time by antigen ELISA testing. In contrast there was no evidence of infection with coxsackie virus type B‐2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus and varicella zoster virus. Treatment of the epithelial cells with a non‐cytotoxic dose of cancer chemotherapeutic prior to or after infection with coxsackie virus A‐4 or herpes simplex virus type 1 influenced the virus production dependent on both compound, mode of application, and virus. Adriamycin (doxorubicin) in low dose was found to stimulate the production of the two viruses.
Kaleido: an environment for composing networked multimedia applications (2002)

Kaleido is a system for flexible concurrent processing of multimedia flows where applications are decomposed into building blocks called "active buffers" whose computation and I/O requirements are characterized so as to allow reservation of CPU and bandwidth resources. The input and output ports of active buffers in a Kaleido application are connected by channels. The active buffers in an application may themselves be mapped either to a single compute node, or to multiple compute nodes connected by a network. The Kaleido runtime system software transparently handles the resulting local and remote channels by providing the abstraction of a distributed "active backplane". This "active backplane" also allows dynamic applications whose functional partitioning among compute nodes can be adapted to network, server, and terminal resources. The paper also describes I/O-centric hardware extensions that we have developed for efficient handling of concurrent multimedia streams in Kaleido.
Cancer cachexia (1993)

Cachexia is a common problem in the clinical management of cancer patients, particularly those with solid tumors. Cachexia is most obviously manifested as weight loss with massive depletion of both adipose tissue and muscle mass, and death is probably due to loss of lean body tissue. Not only is the survival time shorter in patients with cachexia, but the frequency of response to chemotherapy is also significantly reduced. Although anorexia frequently accompanies cachexia, attempts to halt or reverse cachexia by nutritional repletion have not been successful. This suggests that cachexia is due to metabolic abnormalities produced by the tumor in addition to the underlying anorexia. In some patients weight loss is associated with an increased relative energy expenditure possibly through an elevated adrenergic state. Several factors have been postulated as mediators of cancer cachexia and can be divided into two groups. (i) Materials with hormone-like characteristics which result in direct catabolism of host tissues. (ii) Cytokines which cause alterations in host metabolism indirectly. Included in group (i) are the conventional catabolic hormones and a lipid mobilizing factor (LMF) produced by tumors, which causes direct breakdown of adipose tissue. Included in group (ii) are tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, interferon-gamma and leukaemia inhibitory factor. The materials appear to influence adipose tissue indirectly through an inhibition of lipoprotein lipase. Reversal of cachexia has been achieved by two groups of agents. (i) Those stimulating food intake, e.g. megestrol acetate. (ii) Those directly inhibiting the LMF, e.g. eicosapentaenoic acid. While agents in group (i) can cause tumor growth stimulation, those in group (ii) act as tumor growth inhibitors. This latter results suggests that the products of catabolism of host tissues may be important for tumor growth and provides a new avenue for chemotherapeutic intervention.
Early Locomotor Training With Clonidine in Spinal Cats (1998)

Clonidine, a noradrenergic alpha-2 agonist, can initiate locomotion early after spinalization in cats. Because this effect lasts 4-6 h, we have injected clonidine daily, intraperitoneally or intrathecally, and intensively trained five spinal cats to perform hindlimb walking on a treadmill starting at day 3 and continuing until 10 days posttransection. Each day, clonidine was injected to induce locomotor activity and cats were trained to walk with as much weight support as possible and at different speeds during multiple (1-5) locomotor training sessions, each lasting from 10 to 20 min, until the effects of clonidine wore off. Electromyographic (EMG) activity synchronized to video images of the hindlimbs were recorded before and after each clonidine injection. The results showed, first, a day-to-day change of the locomotor pattern induced by clonidine from the 3rd to the 11th day including an increase in the duration of the step cycle, an increase in the duration of extensor EMG activity, and an increase in total angular excursion of the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Second, after 6-11 days of this regimen, there was an emergence of a coordinated locomotor pattern with weight support of the hindquarters that was visible even before that day's clonidine injection. The results suggested that daily injection of clonidine followed by early and daily interactive locomotor training can enhance the recovery of locomotion in spinal cats.
Iron-mediated radical reactions upon reperfusion contribute to myocardial "stunning" (1990)

Recent evidence suggests that postischemic myocardial dysfunction ("stunning") is mediated by iron-catalyzed free radical reactions, but the exact time window during which the critical iron-mediated damage develops remains unknown. Furthermore, the evidence that iron promotes free radical reactions in vivo is indirect. Thus open-chest dogs undergoing a 15-min coronary occlusion and 4 h of reperfusion were given one of the following intracoronary infusions: desferrioxamine (DF) beginning 2 min before reperfusion (group I), DF beginning 1 min after reperfusion (group II), iron-loaded DF in dosage identical to group I (group III), or vehicle (controls, group IV). Recovery of contractile function was substantially greater in group I than in controls, whereas in groups II and III it was indistinguishable from controls. To determine whether the protection afforded by DF was due to inhibition of free radical reactions, myocardial production of free radicals was directly assessed by intracoronary infusion of the spin trap alpha-phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN). In controls (group VI), radical adducts of PBN were released in the coronary venous blood after reperfusion. DF given as in group I (group V) markedly suppressed myocardial production of PBN adducts. These results strongly suggest that a substantial portion of the damage responsible for myocardial stunning is caused by iron-catalyzed free radical reactions that develop in the initial seconds of reperfusion and can be prevented by administration of iron chelators started just before reflow. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that attenuation of postischemic dysfunction by DF is associated with attenuation of free radical reactions in vivo, thereby providing direct evidence for a pathogenetic role of iron-catalyzed free radical reactions in myocardial stunning in the intact animal.
Role of Podocytes for Reversal of Glomerulosclerosis and Proteinuria in the Aging Kidney After Endothelin Inhibition (2004)

The cause of focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis as a consequence of physiological aging, which is believed to be inexorable, is unknown. This study investigated whether inhibition of endothelin-1, a growth-promoting peptide contributing to renal injury in hypertension and diabetes, affects established glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria in the aged kidney. We also determined the role of endothelin receptors for podocyte injury in vivo and in vitro. Aged Wistar rats, a model of spontaneous age-dependent glomerulosclerosis, were treated with the orally active endothelin subtype A (ET(A)) receptor antagonist darusentan, and evaluation of renal histology, renal function studies, and expression analyses were performed. In vitro experiments using puromycin aminonucleoside to induce podocyte injury investigated the role of ET(A) receptor signaling for apoptosis, cytoskeletal injury, and DNA synthesis. In aged Wistar rats, established glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria were reduced by >50% after 4 weeks of darusentan treatment, whereas blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, or tubulo-interstitial renal injury remained unaffected. Improvement of structural injury in glomeruli and podocytes was accompanied by a reduction of the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and p21Cip1/WAF1. In vitro experiments blocking ET(A) receptors using specific antagonists or RNA interference prevented apoptosis and structural damage to podocytes induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that endogenous endothelin contributes to glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria in the aging kidney. The results further suggest that age-dependent glomerulosclerosis is not merely a "degenerative" but a reversible process locally confined to the glomerulus involving recovery of podocytes from previous injury.