gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Routes of Administration and Injection Schedules of Thrombopoietin on 35S Incorporation into Platelets of Assay Mice (1977)

The 24-hr percentage of 35S incorporation into platelets of mice in rebound thrombocytosis was compared after single or multiple sc and ip injections of a thrombopoietin (TSF)-rich preparation. TSF administered sc or ip resulted in almost identical percentage of 35S incorporation values. Various doses of TSF injected sc two times on Day 5 after RAMPS and two times again on Day 6 gave a linear dose-response curve. Also, this injection schedule gave the greatest response to the same total dose of TSF when compared to other injection schedules. Single injections of TSF did not give as great a response as did multiple injections using the same total dose. Results of this work indicate that for maximum percentage of 35S incorporation values, TSF-rich materials should be administered in multiple injections to mice, either sc or ip, over a period of approximately 2 days.
Label-free in vivo molecular imaging of underglycosylated mucin-1 expression in tumour cells (2015)

Alterations in mucin expression and glycosylation are associated with cancer development. Underglycosylated mucin-1 (uMUC1) is overexpressed in most malignant adenocarcinomas of epithelial origin (for example, colon, breast and ovarian cancer). Its counterpart MUC1 is a large polymer rich in glycans containing multiple exchangeable OH protons, which is readily detectable by chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI. We show here that deglycosylation of MUC1 results in >75% reduction in CEST signal. Three uMUC1(+) human malignant cancer cell lines overexpressing uMUC1 (BT20, HT29 and LS174T) show a significantly lower CEST signal compared with the benign human epithelial cell line MCF10A and the uMUC1(-) tumour cell line U87. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in vivo CEST MRI is able to make a distinction between LS174T and U87 tumour cells implanted in the mouse brain. These results suggest that the mucCEST MRI signal can be used as a label-free surrogate marker to non-invasively assess mucin glycosylation and tumour malignancy.
In vivo and in vitro production and detection of monoclonal antibodies to surface components on metastatic variants of murine tumor cells. (1981)

Mouse-mouse and rat-mouse hybridoma cell lines secreting complement-dependent cytotoxic or cell-binding monoclonal antibodies have been produced against cell surface components of two murine metastatic tumor systems: B16 melanoma and RAW117 lymphosarcoma. We have used both in vivo and in vitro spleen cell culture methods for immunization and have made a number of methodologic alterations to increase the yield and survival of hybridomas including media osmolality, pH, serum type, macrophage feeder layers and supplemented amino acids, vitamins and metabolites. Using complement-dependent cytotoxicity or lectin immobilization of tumor cells to polystyrene via a water-soluble carbodiimide for an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay we were able to rapidly screen hybridoma cultures for specific antibody secretion.
A novel strategy for the synthesis of enzymatically stable biotin–DOTA conjugates for in vivo use (2011)

Two 111In radiolabelled biotin–DOTA conjugates were prepared containing an enzymatically stable amine bond (–CH2–NH–CH2–). Syntheses are straightforward and molecules were labelled with high radiochemical purity. They were also found to be stable in human plasma. This strategy provides a method to produce a simple biotin derivative not requiring any additional protection groups against biotinidase.
El andamiaje conceptual: Arquetipos y Modernidad (1984)

Transition metal carbides (TMCs), as a family of special interstitial alloys, exhibit novel intrinsic characteristics such as high melting point, high electronic conductivity, excellent mechanical and chemical stability, and good corrosion resistance, and hence have attracted ever-growing attention as promising electrode materials for energy-related applications. In this regard, we give a comprehensive overview of the structural design of transition metal carbide complex architectures and their structure advantages for energy-related applications. After a brief classification, we summarize in detail recent progress in controllable design and synthesis of TMCs with complex nanostructures (e.g., zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional, and self-supported electrodes) for electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications including metal-ion batteries, supercapacitors, rechargeable metal-air batteries, fuel cells, and water splitting. Finally, we end this review with some potential challenges and research prospects of TMCs as electrode materials for energy-related applications.
Design of p-type cladding layers for tunnel-injected UV-A light emitting diodes (2016)

We discuss the engineering of p-AlGaN cladding layers for achieving efficient tunnel-injected III-Nitride ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) in the UV-A spectral range. We show that the capacitance-voltage measurements can be used to estimate the compensation and doping in the p-AlGaN layers located between the multi-quantum well region and the tunnel junction layer. By increasing the p-type doping concentration to overcome the background compensation, on-wafer external quantum efficiency and wall-plug efficiency of 3.37% and 1.62%, respectively, were achieved for the tunnel-injected UV LEDs emitting at 325 nm. We also show that interband tunneling hole injection can be used to realize UV LEDs without any acceptor doping. The work discussed here provides new understanding of hole doping and transport in AlGaN-based UV LEDs and demonstrates the excellent performance of tunnel-injected LEDs for the UV-A wavelength range.
99mTc-Mercaptoacetyl-Ser-Ser-Ser-Affibody ZHER2:342 (2008)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a cytokine that comprises 53 amino acids (6.2 kDa) and is secreted by ectodermic cells, monocytes, kidneys, and duodenal glands (1). EGF stimulates growth of epidermal and epithelial cells. EGF and at least seven other growth factors and their transmembrane receptor kinases play important roles in cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, migration, and differentiation. The EGF receptor (EGFR) family consists of four transmembrane receptors: EGFR (HER1/erbB-1), HER2 (erbB-2/neu), HER3 (erbB-3), and HER4 (erbB-4) (2). HER1, HER3, and HER4 comprise three major functional domains: an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. No ligand has been clearly identified for HER2. However, HER2 can be activated as a result of ligand binding to other HER receptors with the formation of receptor homodimers and/or heterodimers (3). HER1 and HER2 are overexpressed on many solid tumor cells such as breast, non-small cell lung, head and neck, and colon cancers (4-6). The high levels of HER1 and HER2 expression on cancer cells are associated with a poor prognosis (7-10).Trastuzumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the extracellular domain of recombinant HER2 with an affinity constant (Kd) of 0.1 nM (11). Trastuzumab is approved for clinical use for anti-cancer therapies in both Europe and North America. 111In-Trastuzumab, Cy5.5-trastuzumab, and 68Ga-trastuzumab -F(ab')2 have been developed for imaging of human breast cancer (12-16). However, the pharmacokinetics of intact radiolabeled mAb, with high liver uptake and slow blood elimination, are generally not ideal for imaging. Smaller antibody fragments, such as Fab or F(ab´)2, have better imaging pharmacokinetics because they are rapidly excreted by the kidneys. A novel class of recombinant affinity ligands (Affibody molecules) for HER2 was constructed based on the 58-amino-acid Z-domain residues from one of the IgG-binding domains of staphylococcal protein A (17). Affibody molecules exhibit high binding affinity to HER2 with Kd values of PubMed ]. Mercaptoacetyl-Gly-Gly-Gly (MAG3) was used a chelating linker for coupling 99mTc to ZHER2:342 Affibody (18). 99mTc-MAG3-ZHER2:342 has been evaluated in nude mice bearing human colon adenocarcinoma tumors, resulting in high tumor/blood and tumor/muscle ratios. However, 99mTc-MAG3-ZHER2:342 exhibited a high hepatobiliary clearance, which resulted in a high radioactivity (30% of the injected dose) in the intestines at 4 h after injection. Mercaptoacetyl-Ser-Ser-Ser (MaSSS) was used a chelating linker for coupling 99mTc to ZHER2:342 Affibody (19) to reduce hepatobiliary clearance. 99mTc-MaSSS-ZHER2:342 has been evaluated in nude mice bearing human SKOV-3 ovarian carcinoma tumors.
<title>Method for detecting and avoiding flight hazards</title> (1997)

Today's aircraft equipment comprise several independent warning and hazard avoidance systems like GPWS, TCAS or weather radar. It is the pilot's task to monitor all these systems and take the appropriate action in case of an emerging hazardous situation. The developed method for detecting and avoiding flight hazards combines all potential external threats for an aircraft into a single system. It is based on an aircraft surrounding airspace model consisting of discrete volume elements. For each element of the volume the threat probability is derived or computed from sensor output, databases, or information provided via datalink. The position of the own aircraft is predicted by utilizing a probability distribution. This approach ensures that all potential positions of the aircraft within the near future are considered while weighting the most likely flight path. A conflict detection algorithm initiates an alarm in case the threat probability exceeds a threshold. An escape manoeuvre is generated taking into account all potential hazards in the vicinity, not only the one which caused the alarm. The pilot gets a visual information about the type, the locating, and severeness o the threat. The algorithm was implemented and tested in a flight simulator environment. The current version comprises traffic, terrain and obstacle hazards avoidance functions. Its general formulation allows an easy integration of e.g. weather information or airspace restrictions.
Spermatozoa capture HIV-1 through heparan sulfate and efficiently transmit the virus to dendritic cells (2009)

Semen is the main vector for HIV-1 dissemination worldwide. It contains three major sources of infectious virus: free virions, infected leukocytes, and spermatozoa-associated virions. We focused on the interaction of HIV-1 with human spermatozoa and dendritic cells (DCs). We report that heparan sulfate is expressed in spermatozoa and plays an important role in the capture of HIV-1. Spermatozoa-attached virus is efficiently transmitted to DCs, macrophages, and T cells. Interaction of spermatozoa with DCs not only leads to the transmission of HIV-1 and the internalization of the spermatozoa but also results in the phenotypic maturation of DCs and the production of IL-10 but not IL-12p70. At low values of extracellular pH (approximately 6.5 pH units), similar to those found in the vaginal mucosa after sexual intercourse, the binding of HIV-1 to the spermatozoa and the consequent transmission of HIV-1 to DCs were strongly enhanced. Our observations support the notion that far from being a passive carrier, spermatozoa acting in concert with DCs might affect the early course of sexual transmission of HIV-1 infection.
Influence of Droplet Charge on the Chemical Stability of Citral in Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions (2010)

The chemical stability of citral, a flavor component widely used in beverage, food, and fragrance products, in oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by surfactants with different charge characteristics was investigated. Emulsions were prepared using cationic (lauryl alginate, LAE), non-ionic (polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether, Brij 35), and anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) surfactants at pH 3.5. The citral concentration decreased over time in all the emulsions, but the rate of decrease depended on surfactant type. After 7 d storage, the citral concentrations remaining in the emulsions were around 60% for LAE- or Brij 35-stabilized emulsions and 10% for SDS-stabilized emulsions. An increase in the local proton (H(+)) concentration around negatively charged droplet surfaces may account for the more rapid citral degradation observed in SDS-stabilized emulsions. A strong metal ion chelator (EDTA), which has previously been shown to be effective at increasing the oxidative stability of labile components, had no effect on citral stability in LAE- or Brij 35-stabilized emulsions, but it slightly decreased the initial rate of citral degradation in SDS-stabilized emulsions. These results suggest the surfactant type used to prepare emulsions should be controlled to improve the chemical stability of citral in emulsion systems.
Enabling Deep Learning on Embedded Systems for IoT Sensor Data Analytics: Opportunities and Challenges (2018)

Internet of Things (IoT) applications are generating enormous amount of data and demands lower latency responses. Due to the wide-spread deployment of IoT sensors, it is impossible to centralize the data processing to produce real-time responses. Gradually, IoT data analytics are pushed out form the cloud servers and performed in decentralized infrastructures. Usage of embedded hardware platforms are constantly increased to facilitate distributed IoT data analytics. Execution of computation intensive data analytic techniques such as deep learning algorithms need to be optimized based on the constraints of embedded hardware platforms. This paper outlines the opportunities and challenges in enabling deep learning on embedded hardware and summarizes the optimization techniques for deep learning approaches.
Outcome of anatomic ganglionated plexi ablation to treat paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a 3-year follow-up study (2010)

Anatomic GP ablation yields a significantly lower success rate over the long-term follow-up period, when compared with CPVI. Recurrences include AF and macro re-entrant atrial tachycardias.
Characterization of the genes coding for two major cell wall proteins from protein-producing Bacillus brevis 47: complete nucleotide sequence of the outer wall protein gene (1986)

Bacillus brevis 47 contains two cell wall proteins termed the outer wall protein (OWP) and middle wall protein (MWP), each of which forms hexagonal arrays in the cell wall. A 6-kilobase BglII-BclI fragment of B. brevis 47 DNA cloned into Bacillus subtilis with a derivative of pHW1 as a vector directed the synthesis of a polypeptide, with almost the same molecular weight as the authentic OWP, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which was specifically recognized by the anti-OWP antibody. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the subfragment revealed that it contains two open reading frames in tandem. The upstream truncated open reading frame corresponds to the carboxy-terminal portion of the MWP, and the downstream open reading frame corresponds to the entire translational portion of the OWP. The latter encodes a secretory precursor of the OWP, consisting of a total of 1,004 amino acid residues with a signal peptide of 24 amino acid residues at its amino-terminal end. Futhermore, analysis of transcripts in B. brevis 47 suggests that the MWP and OWP genes, in that order, constitute a cotranscriptional unit and that the major promoter shared by the two genes is located upstream of the MWP gene.
Immunity to B16 melanoma in mice immunized with IL‐2‐secreting allogeneic mouse fibroblasts expressing melanoma‐associated antigens (1992)

Co-presentation of weak tumour-associated antigens along with strongly immunogenic determinants leads to the development of an anti-tumour immune response in recipients syngeneic with the tumour. Tumour immunity develops in mice immunized with tumour cells modified by the introduction of cDNA for interleukin-2 (IL-2). Here, we report the anti-tumour response following immunization with an IL-2-secreting cell construct that expresses tumour-associated antigens, along with allogeneic major histocompatibility antigens. The construct was prepared by transfecting LM(TK-) mouse fibroblasts (H-2k) with genomic DNA from B16 melanoma cells syngeneic in C57BL/6J mice (H-2b). Transfectants expressing melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) were then infected with an expression-competent retroviral vector containing a cDNA specifying human IL-2. Cytotoxicity toward B16 cells was detected for as long as 5 months in both spleen and macrophage cell populations in C57BL/6J mice immunized with the IL-2-secreting cells. Mice immunized with non-IL-2-secreting, MAA-positive allogeneic cells developed melanoma immunity as well, but to a lesser extent. Immunity to 2 tumour-cell lines expressing the H-2d haplotype and to YAC-1 cells was detected in peritoneal macrophages, but not in spleen cells from C57BL/6J mice immunized with the cell construct, indicating that the response to B16 cells was only partially specific. C57BL/6J mice immunized with the IL-2-secreting cell construct survived significantly longer, following an injection of viable B16 cells, than mice in various control groups. The contribution of allogeneic antigens to the melanoma immunity was indicated by the failure of mice syngeneic with LM(TK-) cells to develop melanoma immunity following immunization with non-IL-2-secreting, MAA-positive cell constructs. The formation of IL-2 partially compensated for the lack of allogeneic antigens.
Risk Equity: A New Proposal (2008)

What does distributive justice require of risk regulators? Various executive orders enjoin health and safety regulators to take account of “distributive impacts,” “equity,” or “environmental justice,” and many scholars endorse these requirements. But concrete methodologies for evaluating the equity effects of risk regulation policies remain undeveloped. The contrast with cost-benefit analysis--now a very well developed set of techniques --is stark. Equity analysis by governmental agencies that regulate health and safety risks, at least in the United States, lacks rigor and structure.\nThis Article proposes a rigorous framework for risk-equity analysis, which I term “probabilistic population profile analysis” (PPPA). PPPA is both novel, yet firmly grounded in the social-welfare-function tradition in welfare economics. The PPPA framework conceptualizes both the status quo, and possible policies, as probability distributions across population profiles -- where each population profile is, in turn, a concatenation of lifetime health-longevity-income histories, one for each member of the population. A utility function transforms each such profile into a utility vector. An equity-regarding social welfare function (SWF) is then specified. Policy analysts can employ the equity-regarding SWF both (1) to determine how policies compare purely as a matter of equality; and (2) to determine how they compare all-things-considered, considering both equality and overall welfare.\nThe proposal may seem utopian, but is not. Scholars in the field of optimal tax policy already use SWFs to evaluate policies. Characterizing policies as distributions across population health-longevity-income profiles builds on existing risk assessment and general-equilibrium-modeling techniques. Utility functions can be specified through survey research and, in the interim, by building on standard functional forms. Plausible normative axioms considerably narrow the possible forms of the SWF, and survey research or thought experiments narrow the field further.\nPart I of the Article describes and criticizes existing approaches to risk equity that have been proposed in the scholarly literature: the environmental justice conception of risk equity; “individual risk” approaches; QALY-based equity analysis; incidence analysis; inclusive equality measurement; and cost-benefit analysis with distributive weights. Part II describes and defends PPPA. PPPA has many virtues. It recognizes that well-being is multidimensional, a function of both income and health/longevity; furnishes a metric for inequality; provides a framework for making tradeoffs between equality and overall well-being; and understands that distributive justice includes (but is not limited to) inequalities between high and low-status social groups.
An Analysis and Implementation of the FFDNet Image Denoising Method (2019)

FFDNet is a recent image denoising method based on a convolutional neural network architecture. In contrast to other existing neural network denoisers, FFDNet exhibits several desirable properties such as faster execution time and smaller memory footprint, and the ability to handle a wide range of noise levels effectively with a single network model. The combination between its denoising performance and lower computational load makes this algorithm attractive for practical denoising applications. In this paper we propose an open-source implementation of the method based on PyTorch, a popular machine learning library for Python. Code for the training of the network is also provided. We also discuss the characteristics of the architecture of this algorithm and we compare it to other similar methods.
SHIELD: Scalable Homomorphic Implementation of Encrypted Data-Classifiers (2014)

Homomorphic encryption (HE) systems enable compu-tations on encrypted data, without decrypting and with-out knowledge of the secret key. In this work, we de-scribe an optimized RLWE-based implementation of a variant of the HE system recently proposed by Gen-try, Sahai and Waters [21] (henceforth called GSW). Al-though this system was widely believed to be less effi-cient than its contemporaries, we demonstrate quite the opposite behavior for a large class of applications. We first highlight and carefully exploit the algebraic features of the system to achieve significant speedup over the state-of-the-art HE implementation, namely the IBM homomorphic encryption library (HElib) [23]. We intro-duce several optimizations on top of our HE implemen-tation, and use the resulting scheme to construct a homo-
Acute iritis induced by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor used for mobilization in a volunteer unrelated peripheral blood progenitor cell donor. (1996)

We describe a volunteer unrelated peripheral blood progenitor cell donor with previously diagnosed dermatitis herpetiformis in whom the administration of G-CSF for the mobilization of precursor cells induced acute iritis. G-CSF has been administered to healthy people with minimal side-effects but when used in patients with autoimmune disorders worsening of symptoms or new manifestations may be a potential concern.
Evidence for the Presence of an Alternative Glucose Transport System in <i>Clostridium beijerinckii</i> NCIMB 8052 and the Solvent-Hyperproducing Mutant BA101 (2005)

The effects of substrate analogs and energy inhibitors on glucose uptake and phosphorylation by Clostridium beijerinckii provide evidence for the operation of two uptake systems: a previously characterized phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) and a non-PTS system probably energized by the transmembrane proton gradient. In both wild-type C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 and the butanol-hyperproducing mutant BA101, PTS activity declined at the end of exponential growth, while glucokinase activity increased in the later stages of fermentation. The non-PTS uptake system, together with enhanced glucokinase activity, may provide an explanation for the ability of the mutant to utilize glucose more effectively during fermentation despite the fact that it is partially defective in PTS activity.
Surface acoustic wave transducers fabricated by femtosecond laser ablation (2010)

The fabrication of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices by femtosecond laser micromachining has been demonstrated. The interdigital SAW transducers of 50 µm wavelength were formed on YZ lithium niobate substrate by femtosecond pulse ablation of an aluminium layer. The two-port SAW device has insertion loss of 11 dB at 68 MHz. The S-parameter measurements revealed no degradation in substrate elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties of the substrate due to laser processing.