gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of Discrete-Fourier-Transform-Based Velocity Estimators for a Wind-Sensing Coherent Doppler Lidar System in the Kolmogorov Turbulence Regime (2009)

The performance of discrete-Fourier-transform (DFT)-based velocity estimators for wind-sensing coherent Doppler lidar systems in the Kolmogorov turbulence regime is summarized using Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, a signal model, a simulation procedure, velocity estimators, and simulation conditions are explained. The relationships between signal-to-noise ratio, line-of-sight velocity estimation precision, and signal detection probability are simulated and summarized. In addition to the basic DFT estimator, signal matching estimators which utilize DFT are studied. The performances in the Kolmogorov turbulence regime and those in the Gaussian autocovariance signal model are compared. The performances are compared for wavelength regions of 1.5, 2, and 10 mum.
Using compliance in lieu of sensory feedback for automatic assembly. (1978)

Thesis. 1978. Sc.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
Chemistry of High-Energy Materials (2011)

This graduate-level textbook treats the basic chemistry of high energy materials - primary and secondary explosives, propellants, rocket fuel and pyrotechnics - and provides a review of new research developments. Applications in both military and civil fields are discussed. The book also offers new insights into "green" chemistry requirements and strategies for military applications. This work should be of interest to advanced students in chemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as all those working in defense technology.
A wavelet transform based digital image watermarking scheme (2004)

Digital image watermarking techniques have been proposed to prevent unauthorized distribution of multimedia data. A digital watermark encodes the owner's license information and embeds it into the image. Several discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based techniques are used for watermarking. In this paper, a watermarking scheme is proposed in which the image is decomposed into wavelet coefficients and a visual recognizable logo is embedded in the wavelet coefficients. Wavelet coefficients corresponding to the points located in a neighborhood that have maximum entropy are proposed for embedding the watermark. This method embeds the maximum amount of watermark while the watermark is imperceptible. Watermarking techniques must be robust to some attacks such as smoothing, sharpening and compression. These maximum entropy areas can survive a variety of attacks and can be used as reference points for watermark embedding. The experimental results confirmed that the technique is robust to a variety of attacks.
IoT Edge Device Based Key Frame Extraction for Face in Video Recognition (2018)

Following the development of computing and communication technologies, the idea of Internet of Things (IoT) has been realized not only at research level but also at application level. Among various IoT-related application fields, biometrics applications, especially face recognition, are widely applied in video-based surveillance, access control, law enforcement and many other scenarios. In this paper, we introduce a Face in Video Recognition (FivR) framework which performs real-time key-frame extraction on IoT edge devices, then conduct face recognition using the extracted key-frames on the Cloud back-end. With our key-frame extraction engine, we are able to reduce the data volume hence dramatically relief the processing pressure of the cloud back-end. Our experimental results show with IoT edge device acceleration, it is possible to implement face in video recognition application without introducing the middle-ware or cloud-let layer, while still achieving real-time processing speed.
Genome browsing with Ensembl: a practical overview (2007)

A wealth of gene information is accruing in public databases. Genome browsers such as Ensembl are needed to organize and depict this information in the context of the genome. Ensembl provides an open source gene set based on experimental evidence for over 30 species, the majority of which are vertebrates. Genes and annotation are accessible through the Ensembl browser (http://www.ensembl.org), and through direct queries of its databases using the Perl API (Application Programme Interface), MySQL or BioMart.
Entrenamiento para veteranos: estilo de carrera : por qué los corredores más mayores necesitan protección (2003)

El estudio realizado en Holanda detalla las razones que diferencian a corredores jovenes de los veteranos y explica las razones que pueden llevar a un entrenamiento y rendimiento que minimice el riesgo de lesion.
Improved Neonatal Survival Following Multiple Doses of Bovine Surfactant in Very Premature Neonates at Risk for Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1991)

To determine whether multiple doses of bovine surfactant would improve neonatal mortality in very premature neonates, we conducted two multicenter controlled trials under identical protocols; the results were combined for analysis. Four hundred and thirty neonates born between 23 and 29 weeks gestation and weighing 600 to 1250 g at birth were assigned randomly at birth to receive either 100 mg of phospholipids/kg of Survanta, a modified bovine surfactant (n = 210), or a sham air placebo (n = 220) within 15 minutes of birth. Neonates who developed respiratory distress syndrome and required mechanical ventilation with at least 30% oxygen could be given up to three more doses in the first 48 hours after birth. Dosing was performed by investigators not involved in the clinical care of the neonates; nursery staff were kept blinded as to the treatment assignment. Cause of death was determined by a panel of three independent, board-certified neonatologists after blindly reviewing case report forms and autopsy reports. Fewer Survanta-treated neonates died of any cause (11.4% vs 18.8%, P = .031), died of respiratory distress syndrome (1.9% vs 15.6%, P &lt; .001), and either died or developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia due to respiratory distress syndrome (39.5% vs 49.1%, P = .044). The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was also lower in Survanta-treated neonates (28.0% vs 56.9%, P &lt; .001), and the Survanta-treated neonates' oxygenation and ventilatory status were improved significantly at 72 hours. Survanta-treated neonates were also at lowered risk of developing pulmonary interstitial emphysema (23.3% vs 36.9%, P = .002) and other forms of pulmonary air leaks (9.6% vs 20.8%, P .002). We conclude that multiple doses of Survanta reduce mortality and morbidity due to respiratory distress syndrome during the neonatal period.
Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects (2015)

Development of advanced energy-storage systems for portable devices, electric vehicles, and grid storage must fulfill several requirements: low-cost, long life, acceptable safety, high energy, high power, and environmental benignity. With these requirements, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries promise great potential to be the next-generation high-energy system. However, the practicality of Li-S technology is hindered by technical obstacles, such as short shelf and cycle life and low sulfur content/loading, arising from the shuttling of polysulfide intermediates between the cathode and anode and the poor electronic conductivity of S and the discharge product Li2 S. Much progress has been made during the past five years to circumvent these problems by employing sulfur-carbon or sulfur-polymer composite cathodes, novel cell configurations, and lithium-metal anode stabilization. This Progress Report highlights recent developments with special attention toward innovation in sulfur-encapsulation techniques, development of novel materials, and cell-component design. The scientific understanding and engineering concerns are discussed at the end in every developmental stage. The critical research directions needed and the remaining challenges to be addressed are summarized in the Conclusion.
Design and fabrication of melt electrowritten tubes using intuitive software (2018)

This study approaches the accurate continuous direct-writing onto a cylindrical collector from a mathematical perspective, taking into account the winding angle, cylinder diameter and length required for the final 3D printed tube. Using an additive manufacturing process termed melt electrowriting (MEW), porous tubes intended for tissue engineering applications are fabricated from medical-grade poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), validating the mathematically-derived method. For the fabricated tubes in this study, the pore size, winding angle and printed length can all be planned in advance and manufactured as designed. The physical dimensions of the tubes matched theoretical predictions and mechanical testing performed demonstrated that variations in the tubular morphology have a direct impact on their strength. MEWTubes, the web-based application developed and described here, is a particularly useful tool for planning the complex continuous direct writing path required for MEW onto a rotating, cylindrical build surface.
Biomass Equations for Tropical Forest Tree Species in Mozambique (2014)

Chanfuta (Afzelia quanzensis Welw.), Jambire (Millettia stuhlmannii Taub.) and Umbila (Pterocarpus angolensis D.C.) are, among others, three of the main tropical tree species producing commercial timber in Mozambique. The present study employed destructive biomass estimation methods at three localities in Mozambique (Inhaminga, Mavume, and Tome) to acquire data on the mean diameter at breast height (DBH), and height of trees sampled in 21 stands each of Chanfuta and Jambire, and 15 stands of Umbila. Mean diameter at breast height (DBH) (ob) for Chanfuta, Jambire, and Umbila was: 33.8 ± 12.6 (range 13.5–61.1), 33.4 ± 7.4 (range 21.0–52.2), and 27.0 ± 9.5 (range 14.0–46.5) cm. The mean total values for biomass (kg) of trees of Chanfuta, Jambire, and Umbila trees were 864, 1016, and 321 respectively. The mean percentages of total tree biomass as stem, branch and leaf respectively were 54, 43, and 3 for Chanfuta; 77, 22, and 1 for Jambire; and 46, 51, and 3 for Umbila. The best fit species-specific equation for estimating total above ground biomass (AGB) was the power equation with only DBH considered as independent variable yielding coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.89 to 0.97. At stand level, a total mean of 27.3 tons ha−1 biomass was determined of which studied species represented 94.6%. At plot level, total mean biomass for Jambire was 11.8 tons ha−1, Chanfuta and Umbila 9.9 and 4.1 tons ha−1 respectively. The developed power equation fitted total and stem biomass data well and could be used for biomass prediction of the studied species in Mozambique.
HLA Class I-T Cell Epitopes from trans-Sialidase Proteins Reveal Functionally Distinct Subsets of CD8+ T Cells in Chronic Chagas Disease (2008)

This study identifies a set of T. cruzi peptides that should prove useful for monitoring immune competence and changes in infection and disease status in individuals with chronic Chagas disease.
Finding cancer stem cells: are aldehyde dehydrogenases fit for purpose? (2010)

Despite many years of intensive effort, there is surprisingly little consensus on the most suitable markers with which to locate and isolate stem cells from adult tissues. By comparison, the study of cancer stem cells is still in its infancy; so, unsurprisingly, there is great uncertainty as to the identity of these cells. Stem cell markers can be broadly categorized into molecular determinants of self-renewal, clonogenicity, multipotentiality, adherence to the niche, and longevity. This review assesses the utility of recognizing cancer stem cells by virtue of high expression of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), probably significant determinants of cell survival through their ability to detoxify many potentially cytotoxic molecules, and contributing to drug resistance. Antibodies are available against the ALDH enzyme family, but the vast majority of studies have used cell sorting techniques to enrich for cells expressing these enzymes. Live cells expressing high ALDH activity are usually identified by the ALDEFLUOR kit and sorted by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). For many human tumours, but notably breast cancer, cell selection based upon ALDH activity appears to be a useful marker for enriching for cells with tumour-initiating activity (presumed cancer stem cells) in immunodeficient mice, and indeed the frequency of so-called ALDH(bri) cells in many tumours can be an independent prognostic indicator.
Fodinicola feengrottensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a medieval mine (2008)

A filamentous, Gram-positive actinobacterium was isolated from acidic rocks in a medieval alum slate mine and was investigated by means of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. A 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity study indicated that strain HKI 0501(T) forms an individual line of descent and is related to certain members of the suborder Frankineae, order Actinomycetales (<95 % sequence similarity). Distance-matrix and neighbour-joining analyses set the branching point of the novel isolate between two clades, one being represented by members of the genus Cryptosporangium (family 'Kineosporiaceae') and the other by members of the genera Frankia and Acidothermus (family Frankiaceae and family Acidothermaceae, respectively). The organism had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and xylose as the characteristic cell-wall sugar. The muramic acid in the peptidoglycan was found to be N-acetylated. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H(4)), MK-9(H(6)) and MK-9(H(8)) and the fatty acid profile was characterized by the predominance of iso-C(16 : 0), 10-methyl C(17 : 0), C(17 : 1) cis9 and 10-methyl iso-C(18 : 0). The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol and several unknown phospholipids and glycolipids. Mycolic acids were absent. The DNA G+C content was 65 mol%. The distinct phylogenetic position and the phenotypic markers that clearly separate the novel organism from all other members of the suborder Frankineae indicate that strain HKI 0501(T) represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Fodinicola feengrottensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Fodinicola feengrottensis is HKI 0501(T) (=DSM 19247(T) =JCM 14718(T)).
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced carcinogenic liver injury in mice (2015)

The toxic properties of various nitrosamines in animals and humans are well established. The parenteral or oral administration of the smallest quantities of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) results in severe liver damage. Most prominent are intense neutrophilic infiltration, extensive centrilobular haemorrhagic necrosis, bile duct proliferation, fibrosis, and bridging necrosis that ends in hepatocarcinogenesis. Due to the robustness of the induced hepatic alterations, the application of DEN in rodents has become an attractive experimental model for studies aimed at understanding the pathogenetic alterations underlying the formation of liver cancer, which represents one of the most common malignancies in humans worldwide. However, several studies have shown that the hepatocarcinogenic effects of nitrosamines might vary with the genetic background of the animals, their sex, their age, and other factors that might impact the outcome of experimentation. We present general guidelines for working with DEN, and a detailed protocol that allows the establishment of highly reproducible liver cancer in mice. The outcome of liver injury after the application of DEN in mice, as estimated by the formation of cirrhosis and cancer, appears to be a suitable animal model for the analysis of some aspects and processes that promote the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans.
Enhanced mobility PMOSFETs using tensile-strained Si/sub 1-y/C<sub>y</sub> layers (1999)

We demonstrate for the first time that carbon incorporation in Si epitaxial layers may be an alternative method to deposit enhanced mobility tensile-strained Si MOSFET channel layers directly on a silicon substrate, thereby eliminating the need to deposit a thick relaxed SiGe buffer layer, from which dislocations and other defects can propagate to the channel region. The fabrication and electrical properties of PMOSFETs with Si/sub 1-y/C/sub y/ alloy channel layers are reported in this paper for the first time. It is found that small amounts of C in Si films can produce high quality epitaxial material. PMOSFETs fabricated on these layers demonstrate enhanced hole mobility over that of control Si.
Highway Vehicle Counting in Compressed Domain (2016)

This paper presents a highway vehicle counting method in compressed domain, aiming at achieving acceptable estimation performance approaching the pixel-domain methods. Such a task essentially is challenging because the available information (e.g. motion vector) to describe vehicles in videos is quite limited and inaccurate, and the vehicle count in realistic traffic scenes always varies greatly. To tackle this issue, we first develop a batch of low-level features, which can be extracted from the encoding metadata of videos, to mitigate the informational insufficiency of compressed videos. Then we propose a Hierarchical Classification based Regression (HCR) model to estimate the vehicle count from features. HCR hierarchically divides the traffic scenes into different cases according to vehicle density, such that the broad-variation characteristics of traffic scenes can be better approximated. Finally, we evaluated the proposed method on the real highway surveillance videos. The results show that our method is very competitive to the pixel-domain methods, which can reach similar performance along with its lower complexity.
Push-grasping with dexterous hands: Mechanics and a method (2010)

We add to a manipulator's capabilities a new primitive motion which we term a push-grasp. While significant progress has been made in robotic grasping of objects and geometric path planning for manipulation, such work treats the world and the object being grasped as immovable, often declaring failure when simple motions of the object could produce success. We analyze the mechanics of push-grasping and present a quasi-static tool that can be used both for analysis and simulation. We utilize this analysis to derive a fast, feasible motion planning algorithm that produces stable pushgrasp plans for dexterous hands in the presence of object pose uncertainty and high clutter. We demonstrate our algorithm extensively in simulation and on HERB, a personal robotics platform developed at Intel Labs Pittsburgh.
Infection of cord blood monocyte-derived macrophages with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1992)

We have investigated the susceptibility of cord blood monocyte-derived macrophages to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in vitro. Cord blood monocytes were maintained in vitro for 10 to 15 days and then infected with HIV-1. Syncytia were observed 14 days after infection by light microscopy. Viral proteins were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated typical lentivirus particles within cytoplasmic vacuoles. The supernatants from the HIV-1-infected cultures also contained significant reverse transcriptase activity and p24 antigen. Like adult monocyte/macrophages, cord-derived monocyte/macrophages expressed the CD4 receptor molecule. Pretreatment with blocking antibody prior to infection with HIV-1 Bal significantly reduced or blocked infection of cord monocyte/macrophages. When cord and adult monocyte/macrophages were infected with HIV-1 Bal or Ada-M and directly compared, higher reverse transcriptase activities and p24 antigen expression were obtained with cord monocyte/macrophages. However, no significant difference was found between adult and cord monocyte/macrophages infected with HIV-1 IIIB. These observations suggest that cord monocyte-derived macrophages may be important in the pathogenesis of pediatric AIDS and that the increased susceptibility of cord monocyte/macrophages to HIV-1 infection in vitro may be relevant to the enhanced susceptibility of neonates to HIV-1 diseases in vivo.
Remotely interrogated temperature sensors based on magnetic materials (2000)

A family of remotely interrogated passive temperature sensors is presented. These sensors are comprised of several layers of magnetic materials having either a resonant frequency or harmonic spectrum which varies with temperature. By incorporating a magnetic bias layer and a magnetically permeable layer, it is possible to create sensors which respond to a temperature threshold (reversibly or nonreversibly) or produce a signal which continuously and monotonically varies with temperature. In this paper, a 30%/70% Ni-Fe layer was used in conjunction with amorphous alloy strips to produce three distinct types of wireless temperature sensors operating over the range 20/spl deg/-70/spl deg/C.
Explaining the Decline in the U.S. Labor Force Participation Rate (2012)

The authors conclude that just under half of the post-1999 decline in the U.S. labor force participation rate, or LFPR (the proportion of the working-age population that is employed or unemployed and seeking work), can be explained by long-running demographic patterns, such as the retirement of baby boomers. These patterns are expected to continue, offsetting LFPR improvements due to economic recovery.
ProActive routing in scalable data centers with PARIS (2014)

Modern data centers must scale to a large number of servers, while offering flexible placement and migration of virtual machines. The traditional approach of connecting layer-two pods through a layer-three core constrains VM placement. More recent 'flat' designs are more flexible but have scalability limitations due to flooding/broadcasting or querying directories of VM locations. Rather than reactively learn VM locations, our PARIS architecture has a controller that pre-positions IP forwarding entries in the switches. Switches within a pod have complete information about the VMs beneath them, while each core switch maintains complete forwarding state for part of the address space. PARIS offers network designers the flexibility to choose a topology that meets their latency and bandwidth requirements. We evaluate our PARIS prototype built using OpenFlow-compliant switches and NOX controller. Using PARIS we can build a data center network that supports up to 100K servers.