gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of human urinary trypsin inhibitor on granulocyte elastase activity. (1987)

A human urinary trypsin inhibitor preparation, MR-20, strongly inhibited granulocyte elastase activity. The concentration of MR-20 causing 50% inhibition of the hydrolysis of Suc(Ala) 3pNA by granulocyte elastase was estimated to be 6.4 X 10(-8) M (11 U/ml).
An ultra-low-cost active multispectral crop diagnostics device (2017)

A multispectral imaging system is presented, using components that will support its deployment within the world of small-holder agriculture. An active narrowband illumination setup was selected, which allowed a low-cost broadband image sensor to be used. The preliminary set-up has been demonstrated with droughted tomato plants as a proof of concept. The results demonstrated a 5, 28 and 90% deterioration after day 1, 2 and 3 respectively; calculated by the disease/water stress index. Initial analysis showed that for specific applications the device be used in lieu of high-cost diffraction gratings, however additional innovation is required to negate unwanted sensing phenomena.
Adaptive and acclimative responses of cyanobacteria to far‐red light (2015)

Cyanobacteria use three major photosynthetic complexes, photosystem (PS) I, PS II and phycobilisomes, to harvest and convert sunlight into chemical energy. Until recently, it was generally thought that cyanobacteria only used light between 400 nm and 700 nm to perform photosynthesis. However, the discovery of chlorophyll (Chl) d in Acaryochloris marina and Chl f in Halomicronema hongdechloris showed that some cyanobacteria could utilize far-red light. The synthesis of Chl f (and Chl d) is part of an extensive acclimation process, far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP), which occurs in many cyanobacteria. Organisms performing FaRLiP contain a conserved set of 17 genes encoding paralogous subunits of the three major photosynthetic complexes. Far-red light photoacclimation leads to substantial remodelling of the photosynthetic apparatus and other changes in cellular metabolism through extensive changes in transcription. Far-red light photoacclimation appears to be controlled by a red/far-red photoreceptor, RfpA, as well as two response regulators (RfpB and RfpC), one of which is a DNA-binding protein. The remodelled photosynthetic complexes, including novel phycobiliproteins, absorb light above 700 nm and enable cells to grow in far-red light. A much simpler acclimation response, low-light photoacclimation (LoLiP), occurs in some cyanobacteria that contain the apcD4-apcB3-isiX cluster, which allows cells to grow under low light conditions.
Fabrication and packaging of high-density multichip interconnect (HDMI) substrates (2003)

A process is described for the fabrication of high-density multichip interconnect (HDMI) substrates based on 6-in. diameter silicon or alumina wafers, a special low-coefficient-of-thermal-expansion polyimide dielectric, and aluminium metallization. Key issues in the assembly and hermetic packaging of large HDMI substrates, including tape-automated bonding interconnection, die attachment, and rework, are discussed. Large 2*4 in. and 4*4 in. aluminum nitride packages are being developed that are compatible with the silicon substrates, have a high thermal conductivity, and can be hermetically sealed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in a pony (1986)

A 10-year-old pony died 5 days after the onset of a nervous disorder. Necropsy revealed a yellowish area of discoloration (1.5 by 1 cm) in the medulla oblongata. Microscopically, necrosis and nonsuppurative myeloencephalitis were found in the medulla oblongata. Immature and mature meronts (25 by 10 microns) were seen in neural tissue and in capillaries of the brain stem. Organisms were similar structurally to those seen in equine protozoal myeloencephalitis of horses.
Mitochondrial DNA Instability and Peri-Implantation Lethality Associated with Targeted Disruption of Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 in Mice (2001)

In vitro studies have implicated nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) in the transcriptional expression of nuclear genes required for mitochondrial respiratory function, as well as for other fundamental cellular activities. We investigated here the in vivo function of NRF-1 in mammals by disrupting the gene in mice. A portion of the NRF-1 gene that encodes the nuclear localization signal and the DNA-binding and dimerization domains was replaced through homologous recombination by a beta-galactosidase-neomycin cassette. In the mutant allele, beta-galactosidase expression is under the control of the NRF-1 promoter. Embryos homozygous for NRF-1 disruption die between embryonic days 3.5 and 6.5. beta-Galactosidase staining was observed in growing oocytes and in 2. 5- and 3.5-day-old embryos, demonstrating that the NRF-1 gene is expressed during oogenesis and during early stages of embryogenesis. Moreover, the embryonic expression of NRF-1 did not result from maternal carryover. While most isolated wild-type and NRF-1(+/-) blastocysts can develop further in vitro, the NRF-1(-/-) blastocysts lack this ability despite their normal morphology. Interestingly, a fraction of the blastocysts from heterozygous matings had reduced staining intensity with rhodamine 123 and NRF-1(-/-) blastocysts had markedly reduced levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The depletion of mtDNA did not coincide with nuclear DNA fragmentation, indicating that mtDNA loss was not associated with increased apoptosis. These results are consistent with a specific requirement for NRF-1 in the maintenance of mtDNA and respiratory chain function during early embryogenesis.
The Characteristics of the Literature Used by Historians (1972)

The article is based on an analysis of over 7000 references drawn from a sample of articles on English history, with the aim of discovering the nature of materials used by historians. Results suggest a high use of non-serial publications compared with serials, a significant concentration of periodical use on a few 'core' journals and a low use of materials published abroad or in foreign languages. The pattern of age distribution of references suggests that 'secondary' historical works become fairly rapidly 'obsolescent' but that the 'primary' sources for the historian retain their value over time. Comparisons of the results with those of citation analyses in other disciplines, where they could be made, suggest that history lies somewhere between the social sciences and the humanities in its patterns of literature use.
<title>High-intensity light line using high-pressure sodium lamps</title> (1993)

High speed web inspection applications, such as for the paper or metal production industry, suggests a unique set of problems for the optics and lighting required. Typically, web inspection is done using a linear array camera looking across a single line of the web. The lighting and viewing system is needed over only a limited time of the material under inspection. However, converting most light sources into a line of light can be very inefficient. Typical sources have included banks of halogen lamps, apertured fluorescent lamps, and laser lines. Obtaining the high light levels desired for high speed inspection is still difficult with many of these sources. This paper describes the design of an optical system using high pressure sodium lamps along with specialized optical components to produce a very bright and efficient line of light. Considerations of reflector design, apertures, and the use of holographic optical elements will be discussed. This paper will present the results of both computer simulation and experimental investigations of this general lighting design problem, and suggest possible designs that could be employed in a variety of applications to achieve better light efficiency of shaped lighting.
Giant Vesicles: Preparations and Applications (2010)

There is considerable interest in preparing cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles from natural or nonnatural amphiphiles because a giant vesicle membrane resembles the self-closed lipid matrix of the plasma membrane of all biological cells. Currently, giant vesicles are applied to investigate certain aspects of biomembranes. Examples include lateral lipid heterogeneities, membrane budding and fission, activities of reconstituted membrane proteins, or membrane permeabilization caused by added chemical compounds. One of the challenging applications of giant vesicles include gene expressions inside the vesicles with the ultimate goal of constructing a dynamic artificial cell-like system that is endowed with all those essential features of living cells that distinguish them from the nonliving form of matter. Although this goal still seems to be far away and currently difficult to reach, it is expected that progress in this and other fields of giant vesicle research strongly depend on whether reliable methods for the reproducible preparation of giant vesicles are available. The key concepts of currently known methods for preparing giant unilamellar vesicles are summarized, and advantages and disadvantages of the main methods are compared and critically discussed.
Poly-Si TFT fabricated at 150°C using ICP-CVD and excimer laser annealing for plastic substrates (2004)

We have fabricated poly-Si TFTs employing ICP-CVD (inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition) and ELA at a very low temperature of 150/spl deg/C. Poly-Si film with large grains exceeding 3000 /spl Aring/ and silicon dioxide film with the interface trap density in the order of 10/sup 11//cm/sup 2/ are deposited by ICP-CVD at 150/spl deg/C. A high mobility exceeding 100 cm/sup 2//Vs with a low sub-threshold swing of 0.7 V/dec was obtained without any post-annealing.
A comparison of the wear behaviors of six elemental wire conductors (1995)

The goal of this work is to relate properties of armature materials to observed armature performance. In simple railgun electromagnetic launchers, the wear behavior of the widely-used aluminum alloys as sliding electrical contacts on copper rail conductors leads to a progressive change on the rail conductor surface as debris from the armature/rail interaction adheres to the rail. Here, the authors compare the behavior of wires of silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, molybdenum, and tantalum as armature conductors on ETP copper rail conductors. Some of these wires were also tested on molybdenum rail conductors to assess the effects of rail hardness. The emphasis is on the effect of current/contact under current densities greater than 1 kA/mm/sup 2/ on the wear behavior and eventual failure of the armature wire conductors. Characteristics of material transfer and a descriptive model are presented. The value of temperature-dependent properties such as hardness and surface tension are related to materials transfer of the wire conductors as the contact surface deforms and flows in response to specific driving current profiles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Liquid Fluoxetine versus Placebo for Repetitive Behaviors in Childhood Autism (2006)

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A miniaturised robotic probe for real-time intraoperative fusion of ultrasound and endomicroscopy (2015)

Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM) is a minimally invasive oncological resection procedure that utilises a natural orifice approach rather than the traditional abdominal or open approach. However, TEM has a significant recurrence rate due to incomplete excisions, which can possibly be attributed to the absence of intraoperative image guidance. The use of real-time histological data could allow the surgeons to assess the surgical margins intraoperatively and adjust the procedure accordingly. This paper presents the integration of endomicroscopy and ultrasound imaging through a robotically actuated instrument. Endomicroscopy can provide high resolution images at a surface level while ultrasound provides depth resolved information at a macroscopic level. Endomicroscopy scanning is achieved with a novel scanning approach featuring a passive force adaptive mechanism. The instrument is manipulated across the surgical workspace through an articulated flexible shaft. This results in the ability to perform large area mosaics coupled with ultrasound scanning. In addition, the use of endoscopic tracking is demonstrated, allowing three-dimensional reconstruction of the ultrasound data displayed onto the endoscopic view. An ex vivo study on porcine colon tissue has been performed, demonstrating the clinical applicability of the instrument.
Multilayer porous ionizer Patent (1969)

Multilayer porous refractory metal ionizer design with thick, porous, large-grain substrates and thin, porous micron-grain substrates
Infectious virus in exhaled breath of symptomatic seasonal influenza cases from a college community (2017)

Abstract Little is known about the amount and infectiousness of influenza virus shed into exhaled breath. This contributes to uncertainty about the importance of airborne influenza transmission. We screened 355 symptomatic volunteers with acute respiratory illness and report 142 cases with confirmed influenza infection who provided 218 paired nasopharyngeal (NP) and 30-minute breath samples (coarse >5 μm and fine <5 μm fractions) on days 1 to 3 post symptom onset. We assessed viral RNA copy number for all samples and cultured NP swabs and fine aerosols. We recovered infectious virus from 52 (39%) of the fine aerosols and 150 (89%) of the NP swabs with valid cultures. The geometric mean RNA copy numbers were 3.8×10 4 /30-min fine, 1.2×10 4 /30-min coarse aerosol sample, and 8.2×10 8 per NP swab. Fine and coarse aerosol viral RNA was positively associated with body mass index (fine p<0.05, coarse p<0.10) and number of coughs (fine p<0.001, coarse p<0.01) and negatively associated with increasing days since symptom onset (fine p<0.05 to p<0.01, coarse p<0.10) in adjusted models. Fine aerosol viral RNA was also positively associated with having influenza vaccination for both the current and prior season (p<0.01). NP swab viral RNA was positively associated with upper respiratory symptoms (p<0.01) and negatively associated with age (p<0.01) but was not significantly associated with fine or coarse aerosol viral RNA or their predictors. Sneezing was rare, and sneezing and coughing were not necessary for infectious aerosol generation. Our observations suggest that influenza infection in the upper and lower airways are compartmentalized and independent. Significance Lack of human data on influenza virus aerosol shedding fuels debate over the importance of airborne transmission. We provide overwhelming evidence that humans generate infectious aerosols and quantitative data to improve mathematical models of transmission and public health interventions. We show that sneezing is rare and not important for, and that coughing is not required for influenza virus aerosolization. Our findings, that upper and lower airway infection are independent and that fine particle exhaled aerosols reflect infection in the lung, open a new pathway for understanding the human biology of influenza infection and transmission. Our observation of an association between repeated vaccination and increased viral aerosol generation demonstrated the power of our method, but needs confirmation.
Personality Prediction using Machine Learning (2022)

This paper uses the k-means clustering machine learning technique to classify people's personalities. Several prior studies have attempted to estimate a person's personality type automatically. One of the most important applications of machine learning algorithms is to distinguish individuals based on their personality types. There are many benefits to classifying people according to their categories. Identifying one’s personality can contribute a lot in today’s world with great opportunities. Each individual can choose their career or other interests based on these predictions. In present world many organizations rely on these personality predictions while shortlisting candidates as this increase the efficiency of the work because the person is working in what he is good at than what he is forced to do. The project classifies personalities using K-means clustering algorithms and big five model.
Photoreduction of Acridine Dyes<sup>1,2</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoreduction of Acridine Dyes1,2Frank Millich and Gerald OsterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 6, 1357–1363Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01515a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01515a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views371Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Restrained least squares refinement of native (calcium) and cadmium-substituted carp parvalbumin using X-ray crystallographic data at 1.6-Å resolution (1989)

Carp parvalbumin coordinates calcium through one carbonyl oxygen atom and the oxygen-containing side chains of 5 amino acid residues, or 4 residues and a water molecule, in a helix-loop-helix structural motif. Other calcium-binding proteins, including calmodulin and troponin C, also possess this unique calcium-binding design, which is designated EF-hand or calmodulin fold. Parvalbumin has two such sites, labeled CD and EF. Each of the calcium-binding sites of refined structures of proteins belonging to this group has a 7-oxygen coordination sphere except those of the structure of parvalbumin as it was reported in 1975. This structure had been refined at 1.9 A using difference Fourier techniques on film data. The CD site appeared to be 6-coordinate and the EF site 8-coordinate. Results of NMR experiments using 113Cd-substituted parvalbumin, however, indicate that the sites are similar to one another with coordination number greater than 6. To resolve the inconsistency between crystallographic and NMR results, 1.6 A area detector data was collected for native and cadmium-substituted parvalbumin; the structures have been refined to R factors of 18.7% and 16.4%, respectively, with acceptable geometry and low errors in atomic coordinates. Differences between the parvalbumin structure described in 1975 and the present structure are addressed, including the discovery of 7-coordination for both the CD and EF sites.
NPP1, a <i>Phytophthora</i> ‐associated trigger of plant defense in parsley and <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2002)

Activation of non-cultivar-specific plant defense against attempted microbial infection is mediated through the recognition of pathogen-derived elicitors. Previously, we have identified a peptide fragment (Pep-13) within a 42-kDa cell wall transglutaminase from various Phytophthora species that triggers a multifacetted defense response in parsley cells. Many of these oomycete species have now been shown to possess another cell wall protein (24 kDa), that evoked the same pattern of responses in parsley as Pep-13. Unlike Pep-13, necrosis-inducing Phytophthora protein 1 (NPP1) purified from P. parasitica also induced hypersensitive cell death-like lesions in parsley. NPP1 structural homologs were found in oomycetes, fungi, and bacteria, but not in plants. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed the intact protein as well as two cysteine residues to be essential for elicitor activity. NPP1-mediated activation of pathogen defense in parsley does not employ the Pep-13 receptor. However, early induced cellular responses implicated in elicitor signal transmission (increased levels of cytoplasmic calcium, production of reactive oxygen species, MAP kinase activation) were stimulated by either elicitor, suggesting the existence of converging signaling pathways in parsley. Infiltration of NPP1 into leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 plants resulted in transcript accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, production of ROS and ethylene, callose apposition, and HR-like cell death. NPP1-mediated induction of the PR1 gene is salicylic acid-dependent, and, unlike the P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000(avrRpm1)-induced PR1 gene expression, requires both functional NDR1 and PAD4. In summary, Arabidopsis plants infiltrated with NPP1 constitute an experimental system that is amenable to forward genetic approaches aiming at the dissection of signaling pathways implicated in the activation of non-cultivar-specific plant defense.
Inkjet deposition of liquid-exfoliated graphene and MoS<sub>2</sub>nanosheets for printed device applications (2013)

Here we demonstrate inkjet printing of nanosheets of both graphene and MoS2 prepared by liquid exfoliation. We describe a protocol for the preparation of inks of nanosheets with well-defined size distribution and concentration up to 6 mg ml−1. Graphene traces were printed at low temperature (<70 °C) with no subsequent thermal or chemical treatment. Thin traces displayed percolation effects while traces with thickness above 160 nm displayed thickness-independent conductivity of 3000 S m−1. We also demonstrate the printing of semiconducting traces using solvent-exfoliated, size-selected MoS2 nanosheets. Such traces can be combined with inkjet-printed graphene interdigitated array electrodes to produce all-printed photodetectors.
Seroprevalence of <i>Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia equi</i> , and <i>Ehrlichia risticii</i> in Sick Dogs from North Carolina and Virginia (2000)

Ehrlichia canis, E. equi, and E. risticii seroprevalence was determined by microimmunofluorescent antibody testing (IFA) in a sequential population of 1,845 sick dogs admitted during a 1-year period to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. A seroreactor was defined by a reciprocal IFA titer of > or =80 to E. canis, E. equi, or E. risticii antigens. Of the 48 IFA seroreactors, 44 dogs were seroreactive to E. canis, 21 to E. equi, and 0 to E. risticii. Seventeen dogs reacted to both E. canis and E. equi antigens. There was concordance of E. canis IFA and western immunoblot (WI) test results for 36/44 dogs. Because of cross-reactivity of E. canis sera with E. equi antigens, WI was of less utility to confirm E. equi exposure. After elimination of E. canis seroreactors, there was concordance of 2/4 E. equi IFA and WI test results. Based upon a retrospective review of medical records, ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in 10/48 (21%) IFA seroreactive dogs, 9 of which were confirmed positive by WI. Of the remaining 38 IFA seroreactors, 29 also were confirmed by E. canis or E. equi WI. These results indicate that (1) ehrlichiosis was not diagnosed in the majority of serologically confirmed cases, (2) based upon E. canis and E. equi WI analysis, IFA testing was not specific (21% false positive), (3) E. canis sera cross-react with E. equi antigens, and (4) serologic evidence of E. risticii infection was lacking in the dog population studied.