gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-line acquisition with minimum variance beamforming in medical ultrasound imaging (2013)

In recent years, multiple-line acquisition (MLA) has been introduced to increase frame rate in cardiac ultrasound medical imaging. However, this method induces blocklike artifacts in the image. One approach suggested, synthetic transmit beamforming (STB), involves overlapping transmit beams which are then interpolated to remove the MLA blocking artifacts. Independently, the application of minimum variance (MV) beamforming has been suggested in the context of MLA. We demonstrate here that each approach is only a partial solution and that combining them provides a better result than applying either approach separately. This is demonstrated by using both simulated and real phantom data, as well as cardiac data. We also show that the STB-compensated MV beamfomer outperforms single-line acquisition (SLA) delay- and-sum in terms of lateral resolution.
Intrathymic maturation of murine T lymphocytes from CD8+ precursors. (1989)

The CD4-8- thymocyte subset contains immature precursors for phenotypically and functionally mature CD4+8- and CD4-8+ thymocytes and peripheral T cells, as well as nonmature CD4+8+ thymocytes, most of which die in situ. The intrathymic death of most thymocytes is probably related to selective influences that ensure that only those precursors bearing self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted and self-tolerant T-cell antigen receptors (TCR) survive to complete the maturation process. Interactions between surface molecules on thymocytes (TCR, CD4, and CD8) and thymic stromal cells (MHC proteins) are critical to repertoire selection. To understand this process, the lineage relationships among immature, nonmature, and mature thymocytes must be defined. We have examined directly the precursor-progeny relationships among CD4+8-, CD4-8+, and CD4+8+ murine thymocyte subsets by assessing their short-term (less than 5 days) developmental potentials following intrathymic injection into Thy-1 congenic, unirradiated host mice. Our results identify TCR-/lo CD4-8+ and TCRlo CD4+8+ blast cells as sequential intermediates in the development of mature TCRhi CD4+8- and TCRhi CD4-8+ thymocytes from CD4-8- precursors, thus defining at least one intrathymic maturation pathway for T lymphocytes.
La Mara Salvatrucha (2015)

Son multiples las formas de violencia que la sociedad latinoamericana actual presenta. En esta columna vamos a analizar una de esas formas, las bandas callejeras criminales centroamericanas, llamadas maras, centrandonos en la historia y la organizacion de la Mara Salvatrucha, probablemente la organizacion criminal mas conocida e importante de todo el hemisferio occidental en la actualidad.
El nombre de esta banda parece que proviene de Salva, refiriendose al Salvador y Trucha, que es una palabra popular en El Salvador que significa inteligente. El nombre de esta pandilla es abreviado como MS, Mara y MS-13. La banda se formo en los barrios pobres de Los Angeles a inicios de la decada de los 80 del siglo pasado, con el objetivo de proteger a los salvadorenos que emigraban hacia esa ciudad debido a la guerra civil que vivia el pais centroamericano. Estos barrios estaban formados en su mayoria por emigrantes mejicanos. Los nuevos emigrantes salvadorenos, junto con emigrantes hondurenos y guatemaltecos, se desplazaron durante esos anos masivamente hacia los Estados Unidos debido a la enorme inseguridad que vivia esa zona. Estos emigrantes eran despreciados en la ciudad californiana por parte de la poblacion local, asi como por parte de otros grupos de emigrantes como los mexicanos o los argentinos, por ejemplo
Trust-based on-demand multipath routing in mobile <i>ad hoc</i> networks (2010)

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-organised system comprised of mobile wireless nodes. All nodes act as both communicators and routers. Owing to multi-hop routing and absence of centralised administration in open environment, MANETs are vulnerable to attacks by malicious nodes. In order to decrease the hazards from malicious nodes, the authors incorporate the concept of trust to MANETs and build a simple trust model to evaluate neighbours’ behaviours – forwarding packets. Extended from the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol and the ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) routing protocol, a trust-based reactive multipath routing protocol, ad hoc on-demand trusted-path distance vector (AOTDV), is proposed for MANETs. This protocol is able to discover multiple loop-free paths as candidates in one route discovery. These paths are evaluated by two aspects: hop counts and trust values. This two-dimensional evaluation provides a flexible and feasible approach to choose the shortest path from the candidates that meet the requirements of data packets for dependability or trust. Furthermore, the authors give a routing example in details to describe the procedures of route discovery and the differences among AODV, AOMDV and AOTDV. Several experiments have been conducted to compare these protocols and the results show that AOTDV improves packet delivery ratio and mitigates the impairment from black hole, grey hole and modification attacks.
Identification of a consistent pattern of mutations in neurovirulent variants derived from the sabin vaccine strain of poliovirus type 2 (1991)

Complete nucleotide sequencing of the RNAs of two unrelated neurovirulent isolates of Sabin-related poliovirus type 2 revealed that two nucleotides and one amino acid (amino acid 143 in the major capsid protein VP1) consistently departed from the sequences of the nonneurovirulent poliovirus type 2 712 and Sabin vaccine strains. This pattern of mutation appeared to be a feature common to all neurovirulent variants of poliovirus type 2.
Dopaminergic and GABAergic retinal cell populations in mammals (1997)

A number of modern techniques now allow histologists to characterize subpopulations of retinal neurons by their neurotransmitters. The morphologies and connections of these chemically defined neurons can be analyzed precisely at both light and electron microscope levels and lead to a better understanding of retinal circuitry. The dopaminergic neurons form a loose population of special wide-field amacrine cells bearing intraretinal axons within the inner plexiform layer. One subtype, the interplexiform cell, sends an axon to the outer plexiform and outer nuclear layers. The number of interplexiform cells is variable throughout mammalian species. The GABAergic neurons form a dense and heterogeneous population of amacrine cells branching at all levels of the inner plexiform layer. The presence of GABA in horizontal cells seems to be species-dependent. Close relationships occur between dopaminergic and GABAergic cells. GABA antagonizes a number of dopaminergic actions by inhibiting both the release and synthesis of dopamine. This inhibition can be supported by GABA synapses onto dopaminergic cells, but GABA can also diffuse to its targets. Finally, GABA is also contained and synthesized in dopaminergic cells. This colocalization might be the basis of an intracellular modulation of dopamine by GABA.
A possible relationship between abortions and placental embolism in pregnant rabbits given human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. (2001)

Developmental toxicity studies were conducted in rats and rabbits with a human G-CSF derivative (NTG). As reported for G-CSF, increases in abortions and fetal mortality were observed in rabbits, but not in rats given NTG. Histopathological examination of the rabbit placenta revealed accumulation of neutrophils in vessels and necrosis of the tissues surrounding these vessels. To assess the mechanism of abortion and fetal death in rabbits given G-CSF, 125I-labeled NTG was given intravenously on Day 18 of pregnancy after repeated administration of cold NTG on Days 6 through 17 of pregnancy, and the feto-maternal distribution of radioactivity was examined. In a rabbit given 20 micrograms/kg, high radioactivity was observed in the endometrium, placenta, and some parts of the decidua at 6 hr when the concentration of radioactivity in maternal blood had already decreased. At 24 hr after administration of 200 micrograms/kg NTG, high radioactivity was still detected in parts of the maternal placenta. These patterns of distribution suggest that embolism occurred in parts of the uterus and placenta which might have caused congestion. Radioactivity in the TCA precipitates in the fetus was low, suggesting that NTG does not readily transfer to the fetus. These results strongly suggest that neutrophils accumulated in the vessels of placenta and induced embolism leading to abortions and fetal mortality in the rabbits given G-CSF.
Optimization of Extrusion Cooking Process for Chickpea (Cicer arietinum, L.) Defatted Flour by Response Surface Methodology (1991)

ABSTRACT Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the production of a snack food from chickpea. The independent variables, process temperature (123–137°C) and feed moisture (13–27% d.s.b.) were selected at five levels (rotatable five level composite design: −√2, −1, 0, 1, +√2) in the extrusion of defatted chickpea flour. Response variables were expansion ratio, shear strength of the extra‐date and sensory preference assessed by an untrained panel. Expansion ratio increased steadily with decrease in feed moisture similar to cereal extrusion. Regions of maxima were observed for sensory preference and shear strength, and these two product attributes were linearly related. The most acceptable chickpea snack was rated higher than a commercial corn snack.
Anxiety storm (2015)

The paper presents a work-in-progress report on a long-term project to create a game-based prevention program against performance anxiety (PA) in primary schools. The approach described reflects the special requirements of children and teachers within the context on a didactical, organizational and conceptual level as well as those of a low cost development with student teams. A study on the first game prototype conducted among 61 pupil showed positive results in learning and insights on the situated context and further design and development. The general concept of a situated multimedia approach with didactically framed interactive game-components seems correct.
Interactive Information Retrieval Using Term Relationship Networks. (1997)

Approche basee sur des iterations d'interrogation, le systeme fournissant a l'utilisateur une representation du contenu de la base de donnees interrogee: cette representation est derivee de l'analyse textuelle des documents trouves lors des interrogations initiales
Family Satisfaction and Affect of Men and their Wives After Myocardial Infarction (1994)

OBJECTIVE To describe (1) the affect of patients who have had a myocardial infarction and their spouses during hospitalization, (2) the correlation between patient and spouse on affect and satisfaction with family function, and (3) the relationship between satisfaction with family function and affect for both patient and spouse. DESIGN Descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional. SETTING Five hospitals in the Delaware Valley: four were community based and one was a university medical center. PATIENTS Thirty-five couples who were married and living together. Patients were men with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction without renal, vascular, cerebral, or pulmonary complications who had been transferred from the cardiac care unit before being discharged. MEASURES The patient completed the medical and demographic data form. Both patient and spouse completed the Family APGAR, a five-item questionnaire designed to give a rapid overview of satisfaction with the functional status of either a nuclear or alternative lifestyle family, and the Affects Balance Scale, a 40-item adjective mood scale that measures positive affect states, negative affect states, and the balance between them. RESULTS Both patients and spouses experienced considerable negative affect and reduced positive affect during hospitalization when compared with the norms for nonclinical subjects. Patients and spouses were highly correlated on both measures, particularly for satisfaction with family function and positive affect (p < 0.01). Positive affect and satisfaction with family function were significantly positively correlated for spouses (p < 0.05). Additionally, it was found that both patients (p = 0.001) and spouses (p = 0.032) who were married longer were more satisfied with family function and that older patients reported more positive affect (p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Both male patients who have had a myocardial infarction and their spouses experienced considerable emotional distress during hospitalization, with the implications that assessment should focus on the family unit as well as the individual and that interventions be directed toward emotional as well as physical symptomatology. The results of this study also suggest that female spouses with lower satisfaction with family function and younger male patients may be at greater risk for higher levels of negative affect.
Semilunar Valve Replacement with a Cylindrical Valve (1993)

A cylindrical valve was designed to prevent regurgitation of the semilunar valve. The valve is made of a sheet of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or porcine pericardium, and has three cusps and three commissures. The diameter of the valve is equal to the height of the cusps. We have used these valves in pulmonary stenosis after Jatene's operation and total correction of tetralogy of Fallot, and for truncal valve regurgitation. Regurgitation was trivial on color Doppler echocardiography in all cases. Advantages in comparison with the implantation of commercially available artificial valves include the ability to insert a larger size and no compression of the valve ring when closing the sternum. Outflow tract obstruction does not occur even when the valve is implanted in a small infant. In the present report, we describe this simple technique.
Analysis of acousto-optic tunable filter performance for imaging applications (2010)

Acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) can be used as spectral filters in multispectral imaging applications. Acousto-optic crystals diffract a single wavelength from a broadband light beam, depending on the applied radio frequency signal. However, experimental measurements show that the actual performance is far from the expected behavior. We present an experimental characterization of several commercial off-the-shelf AOTFs for the implementation of multispectral imaging instruments. The diffraction performance of three bare crystals is compared, while a fourth AOTF crystal is mounted on the optical path of a multispectral imager to evaluate its performance. The experiments show that the behavior of all the analyzed AOTFs differs from the theoretical expectations and presents uneven diffraction efficiency, a Gaussian dependency with the applied power, and a strong nonlinear relationship with the driving signal frequency. The different behavior of each AOTF in terms of all the analyzed parameters shows the necessity for an in-depth characterization of the AOTF performance once mounted on a multispectral imaging device if quantitative measurements are required. Finally, several recommendations for use are derived from these experimental results.
Regulation of brush-border enzyme activities and enterocyte migration rates in mouse small intestine (1992)

We adapted the Weiser method, previously used to fractionate enterocytes of rat and rabbit intestine, to the much smaller intestine of mice. By histological, morphometric, enzymatic, histochemical, and immunocytochemical evidence, the method succeeded in removing mouse enterocytes sequentially along the crypt-villus axis while preserving cell viability and minimizing mixing among cell fractions. Activities of three brush-border enzymes [alkaline phosphatase (AP), sucrase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGP)] varied simultaneously with dietary substrate level, intestinal region, and position along the crypt-villus axis. All three enzymes proved to be stimulated by dietary substrate: sucrase by dietary sucrose, AP and GGP by dietary protein. We also studied cell migration rates and life-times by autoradiography and by our modified Weiser method. By both methods, injected [3H]thymidine after short times was virtually confined to crypt cells, whereas after 40-48 h it was distributed from the crypt over the whole villus except for the villus tip. Villus height decreased twofold from duodenum to ileum, parallel to the regional decrease in cell migration rates because the cell lifetime of 68 h was independent of region. When we varied dietary carbohydrate and protein levels reciprocally while maintaining protein above the maintenance level, both cell migration rate and cell lifetime proved independent of diet.
Specific Detection and Determination of Cyanide Using Various Quinone Derivatives. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpecific Detection and Determination of Cyanide Using Various Quinone Derivatives.G. G. Guilbault and D. N. KramerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 11, 1395–1399Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60230a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views202Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (557 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Histogram Equalization Utilizing Spatial Correlation For Image Enhancement (1989)

Histogram equalization (HE) techniques are widely used for image enhancement due to their simplicity and effectiveness. Most of the existing HE techniques assume image pixels to be randomly distributed over the image space. In general, adjacent image pixels are highly correlated, it is more reasonable to design HE methods that utilize this correlation. In this paper, we present a method of HE that takes spatial correlation among pixels into account. The concurrence of the gray values of adjacent pixels is calculated to form conditional probabilities of each gray level with respect to other gray levels in the image. The HE is then obtained using these probabilities. We call this method Conditional Histogram Equalization (CHE). Experimental results show that the proposed method generates images that are visually more pleasant than the ones generated by conventional HE techniques. The results also show that this method avoids the problem of over stretching the contrast in images with highly peaked histograms.
Smart Parking and the Connected Consumer: Opportunities for Facility Operators and Municipalities (2012)

This paper discusses the opportunities that exist to implement smart parking technology. The table of contents lists the following topics: I. The Opportunities and Challenges for Smart Parking; II. Anticipating Parking Customers’ Needs – Trip Activity and Parking; III. Supply and Demand for Parking Services - A. The Overall Size of the Parking Market, B. Parking Industry’s Revenue Potential and Cost Structure - (1) Parking Operations and Costs, (2) Revenue Potential in Reducing Revenue Leakage; IV. Major Challenges and Risks in Solution Scalability - A. Improving Operations While Maintaining Reliability and Security, B. Systems Integration: The Problem of Interoperability; V. How do Parking Service Models Effect the Choice of Technology - A. The Airports and Hospitals Parking Service Model, B. The Model for Municipalities – Public Facilities and On-street Parking, C. The Large Institution – Education, Retail, Hospitality and Entertainment Service Models, D. The Commercial Parking Garage – Service Models for Stand-Alone Operators, E. Service Model Requirements and the Choice of Technology.
PHILADELPHIA DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY (1935)

Dermatophytosis with "Ids" (Seborrheic Psoriasis?). Presented byDr. Abram Strauss. W. S. T., a man aged 29, when first seen three months ago presented a large circular, inflammatory, edematous patch on the lower portion of the leg. The scrapings were positive for fungi. Ten days later lesions assumed to be dermatophytids appeared on the upper portion of the arms and legs. Today he has crusted lesions all over the body and vesicular patches in some places, including the scalp. The soles and interdigital regions show eczematoid ringworm. Newer lesions presented no fungi in potassium preparations. The original patch and the lesions on the feet were positive for fungi. Treatment has consisted of roentgen irradiation to the original patch and application of lotion of bismuth and lead to the other involved parts. DISCUSSION Dr. F. D. Weidman: I want to comment only on
Making sense of social media streams through semantics: A survey (2014)

Using semantic technologies for mining and intelligent information access to social media is a challenging, emerging research area. Traditional search methods are no longer able to address the more complex information seeking behaviour in media strea
Thirty years of development of Chinese contemporary ceramic art (2010)

The reform and opening-up of china in 1978 witnessed a series of social and cultural changes alongside economic and ideological transformations. Contrary to the accelerated economic developments witnessed in the past three decades, significant artistic changes have evolved more slowly. In the 1980s when China was first open to the outside world, contemporary Chinese art was still in its early stages of evolving. A case in point is that ceramic artists were making work largely devoted to traditional vessels and primarily based on utilitarian ceramics meeting the demands of people's daily life.
Comparison of obesity-related laboratory results between single abdominal obesity and symmetric obesity in adolescents (2009)

Objective To compare the obesity-related laboratory results between single abdominal obesity and symmetric obesity in adolescents. Methods A total of 11 460 young students in two provinces were surveyed.Among them 31 students with symmetric obesity (SO group) and 39 students with single abdominal obesity (SAOgroup) were enrolled into the analysis. The age, gender, and body weight were matched between two groups.Blood pressure (Bp), lipids, leptin (LP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin sensi-tivity index (ISI), and serum uric acid (UA) were measured. Liver ultrasonic imaging was performed. The differ-ences of the laboratory results were compared. Results Compared with the SO group, in the SAO group, the inci-dence of fatty liver ( P = 0. 04 ), triglyceride ( P < 0. 001 ), apelipoprotein B ( P < 0. 005 ) as well as FINS, LP,and UA (all P <0. 001 ) were significantly higher, while apolipoprotein A was significantly lower (P <0. 005). LP were positively correlated with FINS (P <0. 001 ) and negatively correlated with ISI (P <0. 001 ). FINS were posi-tively correlated with UA ( P < 0. 001 ) and negatively with ISI ( P < 0. O01 ). Conclusion Adolescents with ab-dominal obesity have higher risks of endocrine and cardiovascular diseases than those with ymmetrical obesity.

Key words: 
Abdominal obesity;  Symmetric obesity;  Adolescents;  Leptin;  Insulin resistance;  Uric acid