gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Ultrasonics: Principles and Use of Instruments (1976)

Introduction to Diagnostic Ultrasonics. Basic Ultrasonic Instruments. The Nature of Ultrasound. Ultrasound in Tissue. Manipulation of Ultrasonic Waves and Signals. Controls of Equipment for Imaging By Echo Amplitude. A-Scan Instruments. Using A-Scan Instruments. Scan Converters and Computers in Gray-Shading Imaging. B-Scan Instruments. Performance of B-Scan Instruments. Using B-Scan Instruments. Real-Time Scan Instruments. Performance of Real-Time Scan Instruments. Using Real-Time Scan Instruments. Time-Motion Scan Instruments. Using Time-Motion Scan Instruments. Further Pulsed Echo-Imaging Instruments. Detection of Motion By Doppler Effect. Ultrasonic Doppler Instruments. Using Doppler Instruments. Display and Recording of Images. Further Details of Ultrasonic Transducers. Trends in Technical Developments Appendices: Quality Assurance for Echo Imaging. Quality Assurance for Doppler Techniques. The Decibel (Db) Notation. Measurement of Ultrasonic Pressure, Intensity, Power, Fields, Zones, And Beams. Labelling Planes of Scans. Miscellaneous Wave Phenomena. Absorption and Attenuation Coefficients. Index
Suppressive effect of Sl/Sld mouse embryo-derived fibroblast cell lines on diffusible factor-dependent proliferation of mast cells (1989)

Two modes of mast cell growth are present, one dependent on diffusible growth factors (interleukins [IL] 3 and 4) and another dependent on contact with fibroblasts. The 3T3 fibroblast cell lines derived from WCB6F1-+/+ mouse embryos supported the proliferation of cultured mast cells (CMC), whereas the 3T3 fibroblast cell lines from WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mouse embryos did not. To investigate the relationship between growth factor-dependent and fibroblast-dependent growths of mast cells, we cocultured CMC and 3T3 fibroblasts in the presence of diffusible growth factors. WCB6F1-+/+ mouse embryo-derived 3T3 cells did not affect the growth factor-dependent proliferation of CMC, but WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mouse embryo-derived 3T3 cells significantly suppressed the proliferation. Close cell-to-cell contact was necessary for the suppression. The NWS1 fibroblast cell line was established from the spleen cells of an adult WBB6F1-+/+ mouse. Although the NWS1 cell line had no supporting effect on the proliferation of CMC in the absence of diffusible growth factors, it did not suppress the proliferation of CMC induced by the growth factors. The present result suggests that a product of mutant Sl genes may be involved in the suppressive activity of WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mouse embryo-derived 3T3 cells.
Assessment of cerebral pO2 by EPR oximetry in rodents: effects of anesthesia, ischemia, and breathing gas (1995)

This report describes experiments designed to assess and illustrate the effectiveness of a new method for the measurement of cerebral interstitial pO2 in conscious rodents. It is based on the use of low frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with lithium phthalocyanine as the oxygen sensitive probe. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to document placement of the probe in the brain, and to assess potential cerebral changes associated with the placement. The technique provided accurate and reproducible measurements of localized pO2 in the brains of conscious rodents under a variety of physiological conditions and for time periods of at least 2 weeks. Using this approach we quantitated the depressing effects on cerebral pO2 of three representative anesthetics, isoflurane, ketamine/xylazine, and sodium pentobarbital. The effects of changing the content of oxygen in the breathing gas was investigated and found to change the cerebral pO2. In experiments with gerbils, crystals of lithium phthalocyanine were implanted in each side of the brain and using a one-dimensional magnetic field gradient, simultaneous measurement of pO2 values from normal and ischemic (ischemia induced by unilateral ligation of a carotid artery) hemispheres of the brain were obtained. These results demonstrate that EPR oximetry with lithium phthalocyanine is a versatile and useful method in the measurement of cerebral pO2 under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Insight into the nature and site of oxygen-centered free radical generation by endothelial cell monolayers using a novel spin trapping technique (1992)

Spin trapping, a sensitive and specific means of detecting free radicals, is optimally performed on cell suspensions. This makes it unsuitable for the study of adherent endothelial cell monolayers because disrupting the monolayer to induce a cell suspension could introduce confounding factors. This problem was eliminated through the use of endothelial cells that were grown to confluence on microcarrier beads. Using the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), the nature of free radical species generated by suspensions of microcarrier bead adherent porcine pulmonary endothelial cells under various forms of oxidant stress was examined. Exposure of these endothelial cells to paraquat resulted in the spin trapping of superoxide (.O2-). Endothelial cell incubation in the presence of either bolus or continuous fluxes of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) yielded spin trap evidence of hydroxyl radical formation, which was preventable by pretreating the cells with deferoxamine. Chromium oxalate which eliminates extracellular electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry (EPR) signals, prevented the detection of DMPO spin adducts generated by paraquat but not H2O2-treated endothelial cells. When endothelial cells were coincubated with PMA-stimulated monocytes evidence of both .O2- and hydroxyl radical production was detected, whereas with PMA- stimulated neutrophils only .O2- production could be confirmed. Neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and the combination of PMA and A23187 have previously been suggested to induce endothelial cell oxy-radical generation. However, exposure of endothelial cells to each of these agents did not yield DMPO spin adducts or cyanide-insensitive endothelial cell O2 consumption. These data indicate that endothelial cell exposure: to paraquat induces extracellular .O2- formation; to H2O2 leads to intracellular hydroxyl radical production; and to elastase, cathepsin G, or A23187/PMA does not appear to cause oxy- radical generation.
A grid service broker for scheduling distributed data-oriented applications on global grids (2004)

Large communities of researchers distributed around the world are engaged in analyzing huge collections of data generated by scientific instruments and replicated on distributed resources. In such an environment, scientists need to have the ability to carry out their studies by transparently accessing distributed data and computational resources. In this paper, we propose and develop a Grid broker that mediates access to distributed resources by (a) discovering suitable data sources for a given analysis scenario, (b) suitable computational resources, (c) optimally mapping analysis jobs to resources, (d) deploying and monitoring job execution on selected resources, (e) accessing data from local or remote data source during job execution and (f) collating and presenting results. The broker supports a declarative and dynamic parametric programming model for creating grid applications. We have used this model in grid-enabling a high energy physics analysis application (Belle Analysis Software Framework) on a grid testbed having resources distributed across Australia.
Enhancing learning systems by using virtual interactive classrooms and web-based collaborative work (2010)

There are many e-learning web sites and e-learning systems that are available with excellent content and design but they generally lack interactive response and face-to-face communication. Students cannot ask questions and get responses immediately. It is similar to one way communication for learning. However, learning is most effective when it actively constructs knowledge during group social interaction and collaboration. Therefore, this paper proposes to inspire creativity in e-learning called the virtual interactive classroom by using RTMP (Real-Time Messaging Protocol) which is a sophisticated TCP-based real-time networking protocol which supports the efficient exchange of messages, synchronized data, audio, and video. Teachers and students can publish streaming audio, video and other data messages to present streaming media with interaction or navigation. Using this virtual classroom on the internet, students can immediately interact with teachers as though they were studying in a real classroom. In addition to the virtual interactive classroom, this article also proposes using web-based collaborative work as an add-on feature to the learning system. Both teacher and student can use web-based collaborative work for sharing resources and exchanging ideas after the class. The integration of the two concepts of the virtual interactive classroom and web-based collaborative work in order to enhance teaching and learning performance has been created.
Superconducting properties of diffusion processed niobium-Tin tape (1966)

The properties that make Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn an outstanding material for use in high-field superconducting solenoids are its high critical temperature (18.1°K), its high critical current density (in excess of 200 000 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 100 kG and 4.2°K), and its high critical field (221 kG at 4.2°K). Since Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn is a brittle material, special techniques are required for its use. These techniques fall into two groups : 1) the conductor is initially fabricated from Nb and Sn in an unalloyed configuration, and this conductor is then wound into a solenoid and converted to Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn by heat treatment of the entire solenoid; 2) the alloyed Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn conductor is prepared in a very thin configuration. Thus, although it is brittle, it is still flexible enough to be wound directly into a finished solenoid. Extensive experimentation with the second technique has been undertaken and will be discussed with particular emphasis on the properties of laminated conductors as confirmed by performance of superconducting solenoids.
Visualization of comparative genomic analyses by BLAST score ratio (2005)

Combining the degree of similarity, synteny and annotation will allow rapid identification of conserved genomic regions as well as a number of common genomic rearrangements such as insertions, deletions and inversions. The script and example visualizations are available at: http://www.microbialgenomics.org/BSR/.
The diabetes medication Canagliflozin reduces cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting mitochondrial complex-I supported respiration (2016)

These data indicate that like the biguanide metformin, Canagliflozin not only lowers blood glucose but also inhibits complex-I supported respiration and cellular proliferation in prostate and lung cancer cells. These observations support the initiation of studies evaluating the clinical efficacy of Canagliflozin on limiting tumorigenesis in pre-clinical animal models as well epidemiological studies on cancer incidence relative to other glucose lowering therapies in clinical populations.
Alirocumab: PCSK9 inhibitor for LDL cholesterol reduction (2014)

The proof of concept that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition affects cholesterol levels was first established after the demonstration that PCSK9 loss-of-function mutations result in a significant drop in circulating LDL cholesterol levels. Subsequent studies revealed that PCSK9 binds the epidermal growth factor precursor homology domain-A on the surface LDL Receptor (LDLR) and directs LDLR and PCSK9 for lysosomal degradation. Alirocumab (also known as SAR236553/REGN727) is a monoclonal antibody that binds circulating PCSK9 and blocks its interactions with surface LDLR. Alirocumab clinical trials with different doses on different administration schedules were shown to significantly reduce LDL cholesterol both as a mono-therapy and in combination with statins or ezetimibe. Although there is great potential for anti-PCSK9 therapies in the management of cholesterol metabolism, there is no clear evidence yet that blocking PCSK9 reduces cardiovascular disease outcome. This is being investigated in ongoing Phase III clinical trials with alirocumab.
Anionic polymerization of monomers containing functional groups. 6. Anionic block copolymerization of styrene derivatives para-substituted with electron-withdrawing groups (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnionic polymerization of monomers containing functional groups. 6. Anionic block copolymerization of styrene derivatives para-substituted with electron-withdrawing groupsTakashi Ishizone, Akira Hirao, and Seiichi NakahamaCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 25, 6964–6975Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00077a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00077a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views720Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new method for the preparation of biocompatible silica coated-collagen hydrogels (2013)

Silica-collagen scaffolds were obtained by covalent binding of an aminosilane to glutaraldehyde fixed collagen hydrogels, rendering a three dimensional network of silicon coated collagen fibrils. When compared to non-silicified collagen, silica containing matrices exhibited a 60 fold increment in the rheological properties. Moreover, acellular degradation by collagenase type I indicated that enzymatic digestion occurred at a slower rate for silica modified hydrogels, hence enabling a controlled degradation of the obtained material. In addition, fibroblastic cells seeded on silicified collagen matrices were able to adhere, proliferate and migrate within the scaffold for over 3 weeks as shown by MTT tests and hematoxylin-eosin staining. These results suggest that the herein described method could be useful in the design of materials for tissue engineering purposes.
Incontri musicali sulla via della seta. Tradizioni nomadi e urbane in Asia centrale (2002)

Programma per l'omonimo Festival organizzato da chi scrive a Venezia 17-19 giugno 2002. Fondazione Teatro La Fenice, Fondazione "Giorgio Cini" e Aga Khan Trust for Culture.
Light-harvesting effect in photoelectric conversion with dye multilayers on a semiconductor electrode (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLight-harvesting effect in photoelectric conversion with dye multilayers on a semiconductor electrodeHiroyasu Sato, Masahiro Kawasaki, Kazuo Kasatani, Yuji Higuchi, Terukazu Azuma, and Yasushi NishiyamaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 3, 754–759Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100314a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j100314a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A complementary role for ELF3 and TFL1 in the regulation of flowering time by ambient temperature (2009)

Plants regulate their time to flowering by gathering information from the environment. Photoperiod and temperature are among the most important environmental variables. Sub-optimal, but not near-freezing, temperatures regulate flowering through the thermosensory pathway, which overlaps with the autonomous pathway. Here we show that ambient temperature regulates flowering by two genetically distinguishable pathways, one requiring TFL1 and another requiring ELF3. The delay in flowering time observed at lower temperatures was partially suppressed in single elf3 and tfl1 mutants, whereas double elf3 tfl1 mutants were insensitive to temperature. tfl1 mutations abolished the temperature response in cryptochrome mutants that are deficient in photoperiod perception, but not in phyB mutants, which have a constitutive photoperiodic response. In contrast to tfl1, elf3 mutations were able to suppress the temperature response in phyB mutants, but not in cryptochrome mutants. Gene expression profiles revealed that the tfl1 and elf3 effects are due to the activation of different sets of genes, and identified CCA1 and SOC1/AGL20 as being important cross-talk points. Finally, genome-wide gene expression analysis strongly suggests a general and complementary role for ELF3 and TFL1 in temperature signalling.
Low-Complexity Parallel Chien Search Structure Using Two-Dimensional Optimization (2011)

To achieve a high-throughput decoder, massive-parallel computations are normally applied to the Chien search, but the parallel realization increases the hardware complexity significantly. To reduce the hardware complexity of the parallel Chien search, this brief proposes a 2-D optimization method. In contrast to the previous 1-D optimizations, the proposed method maximizes the sharing of common subexpressions in both the row and column directions. All the partial products needed in the parallel structure are represented in a single matrix, and the finite-field adders are completely eliminated in effect. Simulation results show that the proposed 2-D optimization leads to a significant reduction of the hardware complexity. For the (8191, 7684, 39) BCH code, the count of xor gates in the parallel Chien search is reduced by 92% and 22%, compared to the straightforward and strength-reduced structures, respectively.
On-die thermal evaluation system (2017)

Thermal management of semiconductor chips has become a very critical topic in the industry. In this paper, we present a creative way of designing and using a versatile package-level thermal evaluation vehicle. The topic of thermal management in general and the example of the evaluation tool described in this paper are very relevant to the academic circles too. This paper describes the architecture, implementation, details of operation, programming aspects and usage model of a silicon chip designed as a thermal evaluation tool. This chip was fabricated in 0.18u technology, packaged and characterized. It has a simple implementation and is easy to program, yet has substantial thermal evaluation capabilities. This is an internal tool meant for evaluating our chip architecture, floorplan, packaging & cooling solutions. However, the concept of this thermal chip is applicable for the evaluation of a very wide range of products.
The Effect of Silver (0.05 to 0.15 per cent) on Some Properties and the Performance of Antimonial Lead Storage Battery Grids (1941)

An investigation of the effect of from 0.05 to 0.15% of silver upon the properties and performance, in storage batteries, of lead alloys containing from 4 to 12% of antimony. No previous study of the effect of silver present in the battery grid metal has been published, although some interesting properties of lead anodes containing silver have been known for some time. Sixteen 6‐cell storage batteries, representing 16 different grid compositions, were commercially assembled for the tests on battery performance, capacity, retention of charge on open circuit, and battery life. The physical properties of the alloys in the cast and in the heat‐treated conditions were determined, as was also the effect upon them of anodic corrosion. The anodic behavior of the alloys was also studied, using the time‐potential method. It was found that about 0.1% of silver added to the antimonial lead inhibits anodic corrosion, increases battery life, and does not increase the amount of charge retained on open circuit. A method for producing batteries of superior performance by the use of heat‐treated grids made of a 4% antimony, 0.1% silver alloy is suggested.
Synthesis of 3‐substituted <i>N</i>‐aminopyridinium salts (1972)

Abstract Ring opening of N ‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)pyridinium chlorides with hydrazine followed by recyclization resulted in the formation of N ‐aminopyridinium salts. The scope of this reaction sequence was determined and several new 3‐substituted N ‐aminopyridinium salts were prepared.