gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbamylated erythropoietin ameliorates the metabolic stress induced <i>in vivo</i> by severe chronic hypoxia (2006)

Ischemia and chronic hypoxia (CH) trigger a variety of adverse effects arising from metabolic stress that injures cells. In response to reduced O2, hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) activates erythropoietin (Epo) as well as many other target genes that counteract the effects of O2 deficiency. Epo produced by the kidney stimulates erythrocyte production, leading to decreased HIF-1alpha production by improved tissue O2 delivery. However, Epo is produced by many other tissues, and it is currently unclear to what extent, if any, locally produced Epo modulates HIF-1alpha expression. Derivatives of Epo that possess tissue-protective activities but do not stimulate erythropoiesis [e.g., carbamylated Epo (CEpo)] are useful tools with which to determine whether exogenous Epo modulates HIF-1alpha in the absence of changes in hemoglobin concentration. We compared the effects of CH (6.5% O2 for 10 days) with or without CEpo administered by daily s.c. injection (10 microg/kg of body weight). CEpo administration did not alter the survival rate, weight loss, or increased hemoglobin concentration associated with CH. Therefore, CEpo does not directly suppress HIF-mediated erythropoiesis. CEpo does, however, prevent CH-induced neuronal increases of HIF-1alpha and Epo receptor-associated immunoreactivity (a measure of stress) while reducing the apoptotic index. In contrast, the myocardium did not exhibit increased HIF-1alpha expression during CH, although CEpo did reduce the apoptotic index. These observations therefore demonstrate that CEpo administration reduces the metabolic stress caused by severe CH, resulting in improved cellular survival independent of erythrocyte production.
Visual Measurement and Modelling of Tool Wear in Rough Turning (2008)

Huolimatta korkeasta automaatioasteesta sorvausteollisuudessa, muutama keskeinen ongelma estää sorvauksen täydellisen automatisoinnin. Yksi näistä ongelmista on työkalun kuluminen. Tämä työ keskittyy toteuttamaan automaattisen järjestelmän kulumisen, erityisesti viistekulumisen, mittaukseen konenäön avulla. Kulumisen mittausjärjestelmä poistaa manuaalisen mittauksen tarpeen ja minimoi ajan, joka käytetään työkalun kulumisen mittaukseen. Mittauksen lisäksi tutkitaan kulumisen mallinnusta sekä ennustamista.\n\nAutomaattinen mittausjärjestelmä sijoitettiin sorvin sisälle ja järjestelmä integroitiin onnistuneesti ulkopuolisten järjestelmien kanssa. Tehdyt kokeet osoittivat, että mittausjärjestelmä kykenee mittaamaan työkalun kulumisen\njärjestelmän oikeassa ympäristössä. Mittausjärjestelmä pystyy myös kestämään häiriöitä, jotka ovat konenäköjärjestelmille yleisiä. \n\nTyökalun kulumista mallinnusta tutkittiin useilla eri menetelmillä. Näihin kuuluivat muiden muassa neuroverkot ja tukivektoriregressio. Kokeet osoittivat, että tutkitut mallit pystyivät ennustamaan työkalun kulumisasteen käytetyn ajan perusteella. Parhaan tuloksen antoivat neuroverkot\nBayesiläisellä regularisoinnilla.
Dipolar holographic gratings induced by the photorefractive process in potassium lithium tantalate niobate at the paraelectric phase (1997)

We present experimental evidence indicating the formation of dipolar holographic gratings in potassium lithium tantalate niobate at the paraelectric phase slightly above the phase transition. These gratings are formed in the dark, following the writing of space-charge-based photorefractive gratings, under an external electric field. The dipolar gratings create a spatial modulation of the low-frequency dielectric constant, and the latter induces a spatially correlated modulation of the polarization, which is transformed into birefringence gratings through the quadratic electro-optic effect.
Covalent immobilization of urease on polypyrrole microspheres for application as a urea biosensor (2002)

Abstract Urease has been covalently immobilized on polypyrrole microspheres chemically linked to conducting polypyrrole-polyvinyl sulfonate (PPY-PVS) films. These films were electrochemically prepared during 5 - 7 min at a constant current of 2 mA using indium - tin oxide (ITO) glass plates as the working electrode, and a standard calomel electrode as the reference electrode. Urease covalently linked to polypyrrole microspheres (by reaction of protein amino groups with aldehyde groups on the surface of the microspheres) was entrapped/adsorbed onto electrochemically prepared conducting PPY-PVS films deposited on ITO. Potentiometric measurements undertaken on these conducting polymer electrodes using an ammonium ion analyzer reveal that they can be used for estimating the urea concentration in solutions from 5·10 -3 mol/l to 6·10 -2 mol/l.
Ultraviolet Light Inhibits Translation through Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response Kinase PERK in the Lumen of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (2002)

Exposure to ultraviolet light can cause inflammation, premature skin aging, and cancer. UV irradiation alters the expression of multiple genes that encode functions to repair DNA damage, arrest cell growth, and induce apoptosis. In addition, UV irradiation inhibits protein synthesis, although the mechanism is not known. In this report, we show that UV irradiation induces phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 on the alpha-subunit (eIF2alpha) and inhibits protein synthesis in a dosage- and time-dependent manner. The UV-induced phosphorylation of eIF2alpha was prevented by the overexpression of a non-phosphorylatable mutant of eIF2alpha (S51A). PERK is an eIF2alpha protein kinase localized to the endoplasmic reticulum that is activated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Expression of trans-dominant-negative mutants of PERK also prevented eIF2alpha phosphorylation upon UV treatment and protected from the associated translation attenuation. The luminal domain of dominant-negative mutant PERK formed heterodimers with endogenous PERK to inhibit the PERK signaling pathway. In contrast, eIF2alpha phosphorylation was not inhibited by overexpression of a trans-dominant-negative mutant kinase, PKR, supporting the theory that UV-induced eIF2alpha phosphorylation is specifically mediated by PERK. These results support a novel mechanism by which UV irradiation regulates translation via an endoplasmic reticulum-stress signaling pathway.
Detection of Antibody to Hepatitis-Associated Antigenin Hemophilia Patients and in Voluntary Blood Donors (1973)

The sera from 385 hemophilia patients and 360 normal voluntary blood donors were tested by a variety of methods for antibodies against the hepatitisassociated or hepatitis B antigen (HBAg). Anti-HB Ag was detected in 79.8% of the hemophilia sera and 7.5 % of the normal blood donor sera by a ‘sandwich’solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. The RIA method was compared with other serologic methods (agar-gel diffusion, counterelectrophoresis, complement fixation and passive hemagglutination [PHA]) and found to be significantly more sensitive than all methods except PHA. The RIA and PHA methods were approximately equal in sensitivity as judged both by endpoint titrations and tests on the 745 sera for antibodies. The RIA method is also applicable to HB Ag detection.
A Proposed Mechanism for the Conversion of Alcohols to Allophanates (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Proposed Mechanism for the Conversion of Alcohols to AllophanatesW. J. Close and M. A. SpielmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 16, 4055–4056Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01112a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01112a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Head Mounted Wind (2007)

Within the context of tele-presence and immersion for piloting light aircraft, knowledge about the surrounding wind offers useful information for piloting purposes. Rendering wind in virtual simulation or tele-presence application has been used still the early sixties [ ] to enhance immersion. However since then it has been rather limited to use a fan in front of the user to produce an illusion of speed. This paper presents the development of a new haptic device generating wind around the user head. The system is based on an embedded system driving 8 fan actuators regularly distributed around a Head Mounted Display (HMD). In order to validate the added value of the device in the context of tele-operation, an application has been developed around a flight simulator where wind direction and forces are passed to the user via our system. Feedback from the different users of the applications shows improvements of the immersion inside the simulation. It also gives reliable information about the wind direction and forces using the most natural cues.
Stable Bottom Detection and Optimum Bottom Offset for Echo Integration of Demersal Fish. (1995)

This paper discusses methods for the stable bottom detection and the optimum bottom offset which enable to separate the fish echoes from the bottom echoes with echo integration of demersal fish. In preprocessing of the echo signal, the bottom detection has to be done stably against the fluctuation of echo level and the bottom offset has to be set to a minimum height such that near bottom fish echoes are included. Two methods of bottom detection, namely echo level threshold method and maximum echo slope method were compared and analyzed. The echo level method works well if the ideal threshold level was given but it sometimes misses the bottom because of the fluctuation of the echo. Another method to detect the bottom which uses maximum echo slope indicates the simple and stable bottom detection. In addition, the bottom offset has to be set near to the bottom but not to include the bottom echo. Optimum bottom offset should be set a few samples before the detected bottom echo which relates the beginning of pulse shape and acoustic beam pattern to the bottom feature.
DUAL SPECIFICITY PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES: Therapeutic Targets for Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease (2004)

The complete sequencing of the human genome is generating many novel targets for drug discovery. Understanding the pathophysiological roles of these putative targets and assessing their suitability for therapeutic intervention has become the major hurdle for drug discovery efforts. The dual-specificity phosphatases (DSPases), which dephosphorylate serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues in the same protein substrate, have important roles in multiple signaling pathways and appear to be deregulated in cancer and Alzheimer's disease. We examine the potential of DSPases as new molecular therapeutic targets for the treatment of human disease.
MAIO DE 1968: MOVIMENTO ESTUDANTIL E LUTA DE CLASSES (2016)

O presente texto discute o enfrentamento radical proporcionado por setores do movimento estudantil, em aliança com setores revolucionários do proletariado, à burocracia estatal, partidária e sindical que, auxiliando a burguesia, buscavam tornar regular uma nova ofensiva capitalista, na França em fins da década de 1960. Para isso buscaremos compreender a dinâmica da luta de classes, naquele episódio que ficou conhecido como o Maio de 1968, à luz de uma teoria marxista das classes sociais, quer dizer, levando em consideração o modo de vida das classes envolvidas nas lutas, os interesses derivados desse modo de vida e as alianças e oposições que as classes e grupos sociais estabeleceram com outras classes sociais. Dessa forma, pretendemos demonstrar que a burocracia (estatal, sindical e partidária) é uma classe social que auxiliou a dominação burguesa e, portanto, não contribuiu com a revolução proletária, estimulada pela luta cultural de setores radicais do movimento estudantil francês, pelo contrário, fez de tudo para impedir seu avanço na direção autogestionária.
The effect of suboptimal temperature on germination of triploid watermelon seeds of different weights (1994)

Triploid watermelon seeds germinate poorly at suboptimal temperatures. This study evaluated the effects of suboptimal temperature on germinability and several physiological characteristics related to germination in triploid watermelon cv. Phong Sen No. 1. Heavy and light seeds were germinated at 25 or 15 o C. Significant differences existed between seed weight classes and between temperature treatments for final germination percentage and mean germination time. The observed delay in germination at suboptimal temperature (15 o C) might be linked to the lagged developmental patterns of glyoxylate cycle enzymes (e.g. isocitrate lyase and malate dehydrogenase)
Three-dimensional echocardiography in mitral valve disease (2005)

Three-dimensional echocardiography offers great promise for improving the understanding of the mitral valve anatomy, function, and pathology. It may have important implications for medical or surgical management of different mitral valve disease. In this article we provide an overview of the three-dimensional anatomy of the mitral valve. Based on the studies using three-dimensional echocardiography we describe the topography of the mitral valve, its nonplanarity as well as dynamics of the mitral annulus. Furthermore, we review the use of three-dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation of different mitral valve disease. Three-dimensional echocardiography has become a new clinical standard in the assessment of the severity of mitral stenosis by means of accurate mitral valve area measurement. Also, unconventional indices, like the geometry and mitral valve volume may be assessed by three-dimensional echocardiography. It is a very suitable technique for monitoring the efficacy and complications of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty. Three-dimensional echocardiography allows accurate identification and quantification of prolapse of individual segments of the mitral valve leaflets. Three-dimensional color flow imaging makes echocardiography an accurate method also in the assessment of mitral regurgitation severity. Finally, we outline three-dimensional echocardiography as a potentially useful guide for a surgeon, particularly in mitral valve repair.
Effects of policosanol in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia and additional coronary risk factors (1999)

Subjects in the group treated with policosanol did not have serious adverse events during the 24-week study. This study shows that policosanol is effective, safe, and well tolerated in patients with hypercholesterolemia and concomitant coronary risk factors.
Hand shape classification with a wrist contour sensor (2011)

In this paper, we describe a novel sensor device which recognizes hand shapes using wrist contours. Although hand shapes can express various meanings with small gestures, utilization of hand shapes as an interface is rare in domestic use. That is because a concise recognition method has not been established. To recognize hand shapes anywhere with no stress on the user, we developed a wearable wrist contour sensor device and a recognition system. In the system, features, such as sum of gaps, were extracted from wrist contours. We conducted a classification test of eight hand shapes, and realized approximately 70% classification rate.
BiCMOS dynamic full adder circuit for high-speed parallel multipliers (1992)

A BiCMOS dynamic full adder circuit for VLSI implementation of high-speed parallel multipliers using Wallace tree reduction architecture is presented. With the BiCMOS dynamic full adder circuit, an 8 × 8 multiplier designed based on a 2μm BiCMOS technology shows a six times improvement in speed as compared to the CMOS static circuit. The speed advantage of using BiCMOS dynamic full adder circuits is even greater in 16 × 16 and 32 × 32 multipliers as a result of the BiCMOS large driving capability for realising the complex Wallace tree reduction architecture.
Effect of terraces on soil loss: USLE P factor values for terraces (1983)

ABSTRACT: Terraces usually reduce sheet and rill erosion between terraces and trap part of the eroded soil by deposition. The benefit of this deposition in reducing soil deterioration from erosion depends upon both the amount of deposition and terrace spacing. To determine P-factor values for terraces, field data were analyzed to derive an equation for deposition, as affected by terrace grade, that can be combined with a relationship for benefit from deposition. These values are used in conservation planning as part of the universal soil loss equation to estimate the reduction in soil loss produced by terraces.
New developments in high power eye-safe LMA fibers (2006)

In this paper we present advances made in the development and fabrication of highly efficient, large-mode area fibers for eye-safe wavelengths (1.55 μm, 2.0 μm). LMA Er/Yb co-doped and Tm doped fibers have been successfully fabricated, with 25 μm core and 250 to 300 μm clad diameters, that are suitable for nanosecond pulsed amplification in LIDAR applications as well as high power CW amplification. Manufacturing challenges for these novel fibers are discussed. Measured and modeled data, for both types of fibers, are presented. The development of non-PM and PM-LMA fibers for eye-safe applications is expected to spur rapid progress in power scaling at these wavelengths, similar to that witnessed by the industry at 1.06 μm.
Emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization of isobornyl acrylate (2006)

Abstract Isobornyl acrylate, a highly hydrophobic monomer, was batch‐polymerized in both emulsion and miniemulsion recipes. Surfactant levels above and below the critical micelle concentration were used, as were two different initiator types: ionic (potassium persulfate) and nonionic ( t ‐butyl hydroperoxide) Samples were analyzed for degree of conversion, molecular weight, and particle size. The effects of reaction type (emulsion versus miniemulsion), surfactant level, type of initiator (ionic versus nonionic) of the polymer properties are discussed. Issues of monomer transport across the aqueous phase, and mechanisms of nucleation, especially at very low surfactant concentrations are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 819–833, 2007
GenOpt(R), generic optimization program, User Manual, Version 2.0.0 (2003)

GenOpt is an optimization program for the minimization of a cost function that is evaluated by an external simulation program.It has been developed for optimization problems where the cost function is computationally expensive and its derivatives are not available or may not even exist.GenOpt can be coupled to any simulation program that reads its input from text files and writes its output to text files.The independent variables can be continuous variables (possibly with lower and upper bounds), discrete variables, or both, continuous and discrete variables.Constraints on dependent variables can be implemented using penalty or barrier functions.GenOpt has a library with local and global multi-dimensional and onedimensional optimization algorithms, and algorithms for doing parametric runs.An algorithm interface allows adding new minimization algorithms without knowing the details of the program structure.GenOpt is written in Java so that it is platform independent.The platform independence and the general interface make GenOpt applicable to a wide range of optimization problems.GenOpt has not been designed for linear programming problems, quadratic programming problems, and problems where the gradient of the cost function is available.For such problems, as well as for other problems, special tailored software exists that is more efficient.
Contextual Dialogue Act Classification for Open-Domain Conversational Agents (2019)

Classifying the general intent of the user utterance in a conversation, also known as Dialogue Act (DA), e.g., open-ended question, statement of opinion, or request for an opinion, is a key step in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) for conversational agents. While DA classification has been extensively studied in human-human conversations, it has not been sufficiently explored for the emerging open-domain automated conversational agents. Moreover, despite significant advances in utterance-level DA classification, full understanding of dialogue utterances requires conversational context. Another challenge is the lack of available labeled data for open-domain human-machine conversations. To address these problems, we propose a novel method, CDAC (Contextual Dialogue Act Classifier), a simple yet effective deep learning approach for contextual dialogue act classification. Specifically, we use transfer learning to adapt models trained on human-human conversations to predict dialogue acts in human-machine dialogues. To investigate the effectiveness of our method, we train our model on the well-known Switchboard human-human dialogue dataset, and fine-tune it for predicting dialogue acts in human-machine conversation data, collected as part of the Amazon Alexa Prize 2018 competition. The results show that the CDAC model outperforms an utterance-level state of the art baseline by 8.0% on the Switchboard dataset, and is comparable to the latest reported state-of-the-art contextual DA classification results. Furthermore, our results show that fine-tuning the CDAC model on a small sample of manually labeled human-machine conversations allows CDAC to more accurately predict dialogue acts in real users' conversations, suggesting a promising direction for future improvements.
A Feature Selection Method Based on Information Gain and Genetic Algorithm (2012)

With the rapid development of the Computer Science and Technology, It has become a major problem for the users that how to quickly find useful or needed information. Text categorization can help people to solve this question. The feature selection method has become one of the most critical techniques in the field of the text automatic categorization. A new method of the text feature selection based on Information Gain and Genetic Algorithm is proposed in this paper. This method chooses the feature based on information gain with the frequency of items. Meanwhile, for the information filtering systems, this method has been improved fitness function to fully consider the characteristics of weight, text and vector similarity dimension, etc. The experiment has proved that the method can reduce the dimension of text vector and improve the precision of text classification.