gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of Human Estrogen Receptor α by Protein Kinase A Regulates Dimerization (1999)

Phosphorylation provides an important mechanism by which transcription factor activity is regulated. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) is phosphorylated on multiple sites, and stimulation of a number of growth factor receptors and/or protein kinases leads to ligand-independent and/or synergistic increase in transcriptional activation by ERalpha in the presence of estrogen. Here we show that ERalpha is phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) on serine-236 within the DNA binding domain. Mutation of serine-236 to glutamic acid prevents DNA binding by inhibiting dimerization by ERalpha, whereas mutation to alanine has little effect on DNA binding or dimerization. Furthermore, PKA overexpression or activation of endogenous PKA inhibits dimerization in the absence of ligand. This inhibition is overcome by the addition of 17beta-estradiol or the partial agonist 4-hydroxy tamoxifen. Interestingly, treatment with the complete antagonist ICI 182,780 does not overcome the inhibitory effect of PKA activation. Our results indicate that in the absence of ligand ERalpha forms dimers through interaction between DNA binding domains and that dimerization mediated by the ligand binding domain only occurs upon ligand binding but that the complete antagonist ICI 182,780 prevents dimerization through the ligand-binding domain. Heterodimer formation between ERalpha and ERbeta is similarly affected by PKA phosphorylation of serine 236 of ERalpha. However, 4-hydroxytamoxifen is unable to overcome inhibition of dimerization by PKA. Thus, phosphorylation of ERalpha in the DNA binding domain provides a mechanism by which dimerization and thereby DNA binding by the estrogen receptor is regulated.
The interaction of phage and biofilms (2004)

Biofilms present complex assemblies of micro-organisms attached to surfaces. they are dynamic structures in which various metabolic activities and interactions between the component cells occur. When phage come in contact with biofilms, further interactions occur dependent on the susceptibility of the biofilm bacteria to phage and to the availability of receptor sites. If the phage also possess polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, or if considerable cell lysis is effected by the phage, the integrity of the biofilm may rapidly be destroyed. Alternatively, coexistence between phage and host bacteria within the biofilm may develop. Although phage have been proposed as a means of destroying or controlling biofilms, the technology for this has not yet been successfully developed.
Intracluster Planetary Nebulae in the Virgo Cluster (1998)

We briefly describe the properties of the confirmed spectroscopic sample of intracluster planetary nebulae recently discovered in the Virgo cluster. We find 23 bonafide intracluster planetary nebulae and 8 high redshift (z ~ 3.1) Lyalpha emitters identified by their broad asymmetric emission line.
On quality of service optimization with discrete QoS options (2003)

We present a QoS management framework that enables us to quantitatively measure QoS, and to analytically plan and allocate resources. In this model, end users' quality preferences are considered when system resources are apportional across multiple applications such that the net utility that accrues to the end-users is maximized. We previously worked with continuous QoS dimensions, and assumed that the utility gained by improvements along a QoS dimension were always representable by concave functions. In this paper we relax both assumptions. One, we support discrete QoS operating points. Two, we make no assumptions about the concavity of the utility functions. Using these as the basis, we tackle the problem of maximizing system utility by allocating a single finite resource to satisfy the QoS requirements of multiple applications along multiple QoS dimensions. We present two near-optimal algorithms to solve this problem. The first yields an allocation within a known bounded distance from the optimal solution, and the second yields an allocation whose distance from the optimal solution can be explicitly controlled by the QoS manager, We compare the run-times of these near-optimal algorithms and their solution quality relative to the optimal allocation, which in turn is computed using dynamic programming. These detailed evaluations provide practical insight into which of these algorithms can be used online in real-time systems.
Pedunculopontine nucleus electric stimulation alleviates akinesia independently of dopaminergic mechanisms (2006)

The symptom of Parkinson's disease that is most disabling and difficult to treat is akinesia. We have previously shown that low-frequency stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus can alleviate such akinesia in a macaque rendered Parkinsonian using 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Here, we have extended that study to show that adding stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus to levodopa treatment in this Parkinsonian monkey increased its motor activity significantly more than levodopa alone. This additivity suggests that pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation may improve movement by acting at a site downstream from where levodopa therapy affects the basal ganglia.
Supporting Document Use Through Interactive Visualization of Metadata (2001)

This paper describes the design and initial evaluation of a technology being developed for document use. It uses interactive visualisation of paragraph level metadata to allow rapid goal-directed search and navigation within documents. An experimental evaluation of a prototypes performance on representative work tasks is described. Qualitative analysis of the data suggests that there is substantial room for performance improvements, and has inspired design changes to realise this potential. Quantitative analysis proved inadequate to detect a numerical advantage due to the sample size restrictions inherent when doing academic research in a corporate setting. The problems of empirical evaluation in a corporate setting are discussed. A new approach to robust quantitative evaluation is proposed.
Extracellular matrix contains insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5: potentiation of the effects of IGF-I. (1993)

Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been shown to serve as carrier proteins for the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and to modulate their biologic effects. Since extracellular matrix (ECM) has been shown to be a reservoir for IGF-I and IGF-II, we examined the ECM of cultured human fetal fibroblasts and found that IGFBP-5 was incorporated intact into ECM, while mostly inert proteolytic fragments were found in the medium. In contrast, two other forms of IGFBP that are secreted by these cells were either present in ECM in minimal amounts (IGFBP-3) or not detected (IGFBP-4). Likewise, when purified IGFBPs were incubated with ECM, IGFBP-5 bound preferentially. IGFBP-5 was found to bind to types III and IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. Increasing salt concentrations inhibited the binding of IGFBP-5 to ECM and accelerated the release of IGFBP-5 from ECM, suggesting an ionic basis for this interaction. ECM-associated IGFBP-5 had a sevenfold decrease in affinity for IGF-I compared to IGFBP-5 in solution. Furthermore, when IGFBP-5 was present in cell culture substrata, it potentiated the growth stimulatory effects of IGF-I on fibroblasts. When IGFBP-5 was present only in the medium, it was degraded to a 22-kD fragment and had no effect on IGF-I-stimulated growth. We conclude that IGFBP-5 is present in fibroblast ECM, where it is protected from degradation and can potentiate the biologic actions of IGF-I. These findings provide a molecular explanation for the association of the IGF's with the extracellular matrix, and suggest that the binding of the IGF's to matrix, via IGFBP-5, may be important in mediating the cellular growth response to these growth factors.
Geometric-based reverberator using acoustic rendering networks (2015)

Many virtual reality applications incorporate realistic room acoustic simulation to provide increased immersiveness and realism. Traditional geometric methods, although providing modeling accuracy, are usually impractical for use in interactive applications. At the same time, artificial reverberators, with feedback rendering structure, are widely used as a low-cost alternative. This paper presents the design of a geometric-based artificial reverberator inspired by the acoustic rendering equation (ARE) and the feedback delay networks (FDN). The simplified acoustic rendering equation, which models both specular and diffuse reflections, is incorporated with the FDN structure. Our reverberator, despite of modeling the diffuse and late reverberation, is also capable of simulating the early/specular reflections with accuracy. This novel work is among the very few works which are capable to simulate early reflections using feedback delay networks.
An adaptive impedance matching system for mobile communication antennas (2004)

An adaptive impedance matching system is proposed. This system employs only a simple algorithm for convergence, therefore does not need any complicated mathematical formulation for modeling the system itself and its nonlinear control elements. Also, the proposed system utilizes only simple digital circuits, for timing generation, and basic analog circuits. Even with a small range of capacitance for the control element in the matching circuit, there is an improvement in the mismatch by 2-3 dB over an impedance matching circuit with fixed capacitances.
CRITIQUE OF THE SATURATION METHOD FOR DETERMINING VITAMIN C LEVELS (1943)

Journal Article CRITIQUE OF THE SATURATION METHOD FOR DETERMINING VITAMIN C LEVELS Get access L. J. Harris L. J. Harris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 1, Issue 2, April 1943, Pages 18–19, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070129 Published: 01 April 1943
Transport in high mobility amorphous wide band gap indium zinc oxide films (2005)

Abstract This paper discusses the electron transport in the n‐type amorphous indium–zinc–oxygen system produced at room temperature by rf magnetron sputtering, under different oxygen partial pressures. The data show that the transport is not band tail limited, as it happens in conventional disordered semiconductors, but highly dependent on its ionicity, which explains the very high mobilities (≥60 cm 2 V –1 s –1 ) achieved. The room temperature dependence of the Hall mobility on the carrier concentration presents a reverse behaviour than the one observed in conventional crystalline/polycrystalline semi‐conductors, explained mainly by the presence of charged structural defects in excess of 4 × 10 10 cm –2 that scatter the electrons that pass through them. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDIES ON THE CONFIGURATION OF 2ξ, 17α-DIETHYNYL-2ξ, 17β-DIHYDROXY-A-NOR-5α-ANDROSTANEα-EPIMER (1990)

X-ray diffraction studies on the configuration of 2ξ, 17α-diethynyl-2ξ, 17β-dihydroxy-A-nor-5α-androstane that possessed antifertility effect and estrogen activity were reported Pure α-epimer was obtained by recrystallization and low pressure silica gel column chromatography combined with HPLC method. Its structure was identified by IR, MS, ~1HNMR. The configuration was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal of α-epimer belonged to orthorhombic, the space group was P222,, with the following crystallographic parameters: a=6.777 (2), b = 12.125 (4), c =25.292 (8),V=2078.5 (1. 2)~3, Z=4. One thousand two hundred and thirty-five independent reflections with Ⅰ≥3σ (Ⅰ)were collected on a Nicolet R3M/E four-circle diffractometer by means of MoK α radiation. The structure was solved by direct method and refined by least square technique to a final discrepancy factor of R = 0.039. The molecule was shown to consist of the α-configuration of C_2 and C_(17) ethynyl groups.The absolute configuration was deduced by the absolute configuration of synthetic raw material, conformation analysis and the study of ~1HNMR. The absolute configuration of asymmetric centers were 2R, 5S, 8R,9S, 10S, 13S ,14S,17R.
Posttranscriptional gene regulation and specific binding of the nonhistone protein HMG-I by the 3' untranslated region of bovine interleukin 2 cDNA. (1987)

The 3' untranslated tail region (3'-UTR) of the cDNA of bovine interleukin 2 (bIL-2) acts as a lymphoid cell-specific gene regulatory element in vivo when ligated to the 3' end of the "marker" bacterial gene coding for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and the hybrid fusion gene is introduced into bovine lymphoid cells by transfection. Evidence is also presented that the 3'-UTR with its conserved (TATT)n motif probably has multiple functions in lymphoid cells operating both at the chromosomal level, where the sequence may be involved in the specific binding of the nonhistone chromatin high mobility group protein HMG-I, and at the RNA level, where the conserved sequence is involved in selective posttranscriptional mRNA degradation by a lymphocyte-specific nuclease(s). These results suggest a complex in vivo role for the 3'-UTR of bIL-2 cDNA and the conserved (TATT)n sequences found within it. They also offer a plausible explanation for the high degree of conservation of similar A + T-rich sequences in the 3'-UTRs of many of the other immune-response and growth-regulatory genes of mammals.
Morphological response of axotomized septal neurons to nerve growth factor (1988)

Septal efferent fibers from the neurons in the medial septal nucleus are destroyed by fimbria-fornix aspirative lesion. In the present study we used quantitative morphometric techniques to evaluate the response of these axotomized septal neurons to a constant infusion of nerve growth factor (NGF). By 2 weeks following the lesion, approximately 75% of the cholinergic neurons had degenerated in the untreated rats. The remaining cholinergic neurons showed few signs of the effect of the lesion when stained for a polyclonal antibody to ChAT and examined in 40-micron-thick sections. In 1-micron-thick sections the remaining ChAT-immunoreactive (IR) neurons also appeared no different from the intact ChAT neurons. However, non-ChAT-IR neurons had a shrunken nucleus, while all other morphometric parameters appeared normal. NGF infusion protected most of the ChAT-IR neurons from degenerating. The saved neurons had the same parameters as the undamaged ChAT-IR neurons when examined in either 40-micron- or 1-micron-thick sections. In addition, the shrunken appearance of the non-ChAT-IR neurons' nuclei was avoided by the NGF infusions. Enlarged ChAT-IR processes were evident in the dorsolateral quadrant of the septum following damage to the fimbria-fornix. NGF-infusions prevented the formation of these processes. Instead, in the treated animals the dorsal lateral quadrant contained a dense plexus of fine ChAT-IR varicosities. Taken together these results demonstrate that NGF not only can protect the cholinergic neurons from axotomy-induced degeneration but can also cause the saved neurons to maintain the same morphometric appearance as intact ChAT-IR neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Scene matching navigation based on multisensor image fusion (2003)

Scene matching navigation based on multisensor image fusion is studied in this paper. Pixel and low feature -level fusion images of optical and IR images are used as real time images matching with optical satellite images as base images, in which linear superposition, nonlinear operators and multiresolution image fusion approaches are adopted to acquire the fused gray and edge strength images. Gray and low feature -level scene matching schemes are also employed to execute the scene matcing simulation experiments on the real flight image data, in which scene matching methods are general CCF and MAD algorithms. The experimental results are given to compare the matching performance when taking different fusion images as real time images under certain matching schemes. The scene matching results based on single sensor images are also given for comparison with the results based on multisensor fusion images.
Boron-oxygen defect in Czochralski-silicon co-doped with gallium and boron (2012)

We study the boron-oxygen defect in Si co-doped with gallium and boron with the hole density 10 times higher than the boron concentration. Instead of the linear dependence of the defect density on the hole density observed in boron and phosphorus compensated silicon, we find a proportionality to the boron concentration. This indicates the participation of substitutional, rather than interstitial, boron in the defect complex. The measured defect formation rate constant is proportional to the hole density squared, which gives credit to latent defect models against defect reactions limited by the diffusion and trapping of oxygen dimers by boron atoms.
<i>N</i>‐Oxides and S‐oxides of ellipticine analogs (1969)

Abstract Oxidation with perbenzoic acid derivatives in neutral organic solvents of 11‐desmethylellipticine (at the pyrido‐ N ) and oxa‐ellipticine afforded the corresponding N ‐Oxides. Thia‐ellipticine afforded the sulfone N ‐oxide, which underwent N ‐deoxygenation with triphenylphosphine to yield thia‐ellipticine sulfone.
Metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors: promise for the future? (2004)

Carbapenem resistance continues to erode the effectiveness of antibiotics such as imipenem and meropenem in the clinic. Resistance mechanisms can include interplay between porin loss (membrane permeability), mutation of penicillin binding proteins necessary for cell division, and expression of class A, B and D beta-lactamases. Bacterial resistance to beta-lactams such as penicillin or amoxicillin has been overcome in the clinic using several strategies, including development of antibiotics not susceptible to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases, or co-administration of the antibiotic with beta-lactamase inhibitors. This overview will focus on progress since 2000 in identifying inhibitors of class B, or metallo-beta-lactamases with the aim of reversing carbapenem resistance.
Newton’s Method with a Model Trust Region Modification (1982)

A modified Newton method for unconstrained minimization is presented and analyzed. The modification is based upon the model trust region approach. This report contains a thorough analysis of the locally constrained quadratic minimizations that arise as subproblems in the modified Newton iteration. Several promising alternatives are presented for solving these subproblems in ways that overcome certain theoretical difficulties exposed by this analysis. Very strong convergence results are presented concerning the minimization algorithm. In particular, the explicit use of second order information is justified by demonstrating that the iterates converge to a point which satisfies the second order necessary conditions for minimization. With the exception of very pathological cases this occurs whenever the algorithm is applied to problems with continuous second partial derivatives.
Structure of Polybutadienes (1967)

Abstract Polybutadienes made with six different catalyst systems were examined: (1) butyllithium, (2) “nickel-based”, (3) alfin, (4) “titanium-based”, (5) “cobalt-based”, and (6) free radical emulsion. The microstructure and macrostructure of the polybutadienes have been determined and are compared to the results published in the literature. These polybutadienes may be considered to be random terpolymers of cis , trans , and vinyl addition of butadiene. The glass transition temperature is specified by the vinyl content. The crystalline melting points of the high trans and also the high cis polybutadienes obey to a high measure Flory's equation for melting point depression of a random terpolymer. The molecular weights of the polybutadienes have been determined by light scattering and osmometry and the degree of long chain branching has been determined by the branching index, 〈g ′ 〉 . The macro-structural features of the linear polymers are confirmed by fractionation. However, the polydispersities calculated from fractionation data do not agree with those determined from light scattering and osmometry for the branched samples. The discrepancy is attributed to the method of characterization of the fractions. A distinction is made between molecular weight distribution and molecular size distribution.
Generation of superpositions of classically distinguishable quantum states from optical back-action evasion (1990)

We describe a method for generating superpositions of classically distinguishable quantum states in an optical-frequency mode. The method uses the optical back-action-evading apparatus demonstrated recently by La Porta, Slusher, and Yurke [Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 28 (1989)].
Erratum: “Complete Atlas Database of 2-DOF Kinematic Chains and Creative Design of Mechanisms” [Journal of Mechanical Design, 2012, 134(3), p. 031006] (2013)

In page 031006-4, the second paragraph below Eq. (13)“In this way, all the topological graphs of non-fractionated 2-DOF kinematic chains of up to 15 links are synthesized: 3 topological graphs for 7-link kinematic chains, 35 topological graphs for 9-link kinematic chains, 753 topological graphs for 11-link kinematic chains, 27,496 topological graphs for 13-link kinematic chains, and 1,432,732 topological graphs for 15-link kinematic chains.”The correct number is “1,432,730” rather than “1,432,732.”The detailed number information for the atlas database of 15-link 2-DOF non-fractionated kinematic chains is shown in Table 1.
REDUCTION OF NONENZYMATIC BROWNING IN POTATO CHIPS AND FRENCH FRIES WITH GLUCOSE OXIDASE (1989)

A glucose oxidase preparation with an activity of 750 glucose oxidase units (GOU)/g was used to reduce nonenzymatic browning discoloration in potato chips and French fries. Dipping potato slices in 0.04 - 0.10% (v/v) enzyme solution at 40°C for 30 min before frying increased the L value of the chips by about 5. the treatment yielded a product of lighter and more uniform color when used on potatoes with glucose contents ranging between 0.2 - 0.4% (wet basis). Oil content of chips produced after enzyme treatment did not differ significantly from that of regular chips. A combination of steam blanching and enzyme treatment, in 0.20% enzyme solution at 35°C for 15 min, produced French fries with significantly stronger potato flavor than a water-blanched product. French fries produced after enzyme treatment had a lighter and more uniform color than untreated samples, and a significantly lower oil absorption than those water blanched. No off-flavor was detected by a sensory panel in any of the chips or French fries produced after glucose oxidase treatment.