gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of most suitable electrolytic cell structure for particle plating. (1990)

In electroplating individual fine particles, it is important that the particle suspension layer be stirred homogeneously while being kept at a high concentration. A study was therefore conducted on to determine the most suitable apparatus and appropriate conditions for stirring with a view to improving such powder characteristics as the free-settling ratio and angle of repose in water in particle plating. The results obtained we are as follows;(1)Both tilting and vertical plating apparatus are highly suitable for particle plating.(2)The conditions of particle plating are affected not only by particle diameter but also free-settling ratio and the angle of repose in water, because density, shape, secondary aggregation and so on are different for each type of particle.(3)The tilting angle and rotational speed of tilting apparatus must be properly controlled, and the pitch, size and propeller speed of the vertical type must be suitably adjusted in accordance with the free-settling ratio and angle of repose in water.
Refractive Index of Ga<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>In<sub><i>x</i></sub>As Prepared by Vapor-Phase Epitaxy (1978)

The refractive index has been determined from a reflectance measurement between photon energies of 0.5 and 1.4 eV at room temperature for Ga1-xInxAs samples with x<0.5 prepared by vapor-phase epitaxy. Dispersion characteristics of the refractive index below the bandgap is analyzed on the basis of a single-oscillator model with two parameters, Eo and Ed. It seems that both Eo and Ed vary linearly with x between GaAs and InAs.
Alpha Sarcin, a New Antitumor Agent (1965)

Aspergillus giganteus MDH 18894 was found to produce alpha sarcin, a new antitumor agent inhibitory to a number of different animal tumors. This culture produced culture filtrates that inhibited mouse sarcoma 180 at dilutions up to 1:32. Optimal fermentation conditions were established for shake flasks and 30-liter and 100-gal (378.5-liter) fermentors. Results from a variety of media were reported; however, the medium which yielded the most reproducible filtrates consisted of 2% corn starch, 1.5% beef extract (Difco), 2% peptone (Difco), and 0.5% sodium chloride. Purified preparations of 800 sarcoma 180 dilution units per mg were inactive against bacteria, yeasts, molds, actinomycetes, and protozoa, but were cytotoxic to several strains of mammalian cells. Alpha sarcin inhibited sarcoma 180 in mice at a dose of 62.5 mug per kg per day. A variety of other animal tumors were also inhibited by this compound.
Chemistry of spiroketals (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleChemistry of spiroketalsFrancoise Perron and Kim F. AlbizatiCite this: Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 7, 1617–1661Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00097a015https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00097a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4075Altmetric-Citations592LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of catalyst composition on carbon nanotube growth (2003)

Transmission electron microscopy was used to probe the compositions of individual Co–Mo bimetal catalyst particles and the morphologies of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) catalyzed by these particles under flowing carbon monoxide at 700 °C. It was found that the composition of the catalyst particle at a CNT tip and the distribution of Co within the particle largely determine the morphology of the CNT. A particle with low Co content (&lt;15 at. %) tends to produce a long CNT, while a particle with very high Co content (&gt;85 at. %) tends to produce onion-like structures. These observations provide insight into the CNT growth mechanisms.
Knowledge Sharing and Reuse in Digital Forensics (2010)

Digital investigation involves examining large volumes of data from heterogeneous sources. We offer a framework for facilitating examination and synthesis of this mountain of data using ontology matching and machine learning technology.
Thermal and Evolved Gas Analysis of Geologic Samples Containing Organic Materials: Implications for the 2007 Mars Phoenix Scout Mission (2006)

The Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) instrument scheduled to fly onboard the 2007 Mars Phoenix Scout Mission will perform differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and evolved gas analysis (EGA) of soil samples and ice collected from the surface and subsurface at a northern landing site on Mars. We have been developing a sample characterization data library using a laboratory DSC integrated with a quadrupole mass spectrometer to support the interpretations of TEGA data returned during the mission. The laboratory TEGA test-bed instrument has been modified to operate under conditions similar to TEGA, i.e., reduced pressure (e.g., 100 torr) and reduced carrier gas flow rates. We have previously developed a TEGA data library for a variety of volatile-bearing mineral phases, including Fe-oxyhydroxides, phyllosilicates, carbonates, and sulfates. Here we examine the thermal and evolved gas properties of samples that contain organics. One of the primary objectives of the Phoenix Scout Mission is to search for habitable zones by assessing organic or biologically interesting materials in icy soil. Nitrogen is currently the carrier gas that will be used for TEGA. In this study, we examine two possible modes of detecting organics in geologic samples; i.e., pyrolysis using N2 as the carrier gas and combustion using O2 as the carrier gas.
Evaluation of a parallel FDTD code and application to modeling of light scattering by deformed red blood cells (2005)

A parallel Finite-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) code has been developed to numerically model the elastic light scattering by biological cells. Extensive validation and evaluation on various computing clusters demonstrated the high performance of the parallel code and its significant potential of reducing the computational cost of the FDTD method with low cost computer clusters. The parallel FDTD code has been used to study the problem of light scattering by a human red blood cell (RBC) of a deformed shape in terms of the angular distributions of the Mueller matrix elements. The dependence of the Mueller matrix elements on the shape and orientation of the deformed RBC has been investigated. Analysis of these data provides valuable insight on determination of the RBC shapes using the method of elastic light scattering measurements.
Superconducting flux qubit capacitively coupled to an LC resonator (2014)

We study the system where a superconducting flux qubit is capacitively coupled to an LC resonator. In three devices with different coupling capacitance, the magnitude of the dispersive shift is enhanced by the third level of the qubit and quantitatively agrees with the theory. We show by numerical calculation that the capacitive coupling plays an essential role for the enhancement in the dispersive shift. We investigate the coherence properties in two of these devices, which are in the strong-dispersive regime, and show that the qubit energy relaxation is currently not limited by the coupling. We also observe the discrete ac-Stark effect, a hallmark of the strong-dispersive regime, in accordance with the theory.
Protecting C programs from attacks via invalid pointer dereferences (2003)

Writes via unchecked pointer dereferences rank high among vulnerabilities most often exploited by malicious code. The most common attacks use an unchecked string copy to cause a buffer overrun, thereby overwriting the return address in the function's activation record. Then, when the function "returns", control is actually transferred to the attacker's code. Other attacks may overwrite function pointers, setjmp buffers, system-call arguments, or simply corrupt data to cause a denial of service.A number of techniques have been proposed to address such attacks. Some are limited to protecting the return address only; others are more general, but have undesirable properties such as having a high runtime overhead, requiring manual changes to the source code, or forcing programmers to give up control of data representations and memory management.This paper describes the design and implementation of a security tool for C programs that addresses all these issues: it has a low runtime overhead, does not require source code modification by the programmer, does not report false positives, and provides protection against a wide range of attacks via bad pointer dereferences, including but not limited to buffer overruns and attempts to access previously freed memory. The tool uses static analysis to identify potentially dangerous pointer dereferences, and memory locations that are legitimate targets of these pointers. Dynamic checks are then inserted; if at runtime the target of an unsafe dereference is not in the legitimate set, a potential security violation is reported, and the program is halted.
Surfactant-induced retardation of the thermocapillary migration of a droplet (1997)

A neutrally buoyant droplet in a fluid possessing a temperature gradient migrates under the action of thermocapillarity. The drop pole in the high-temperature region has a reduced surface tension. The surface pulls away from this low-tension region, establishing a Marangoni stress which propels the droplet into the warmer fluid. Thermocapillary migration is retarded by the adsorption of surfactant: surfactant is swept to the trailing pole by surface convection, establishing a surfactant-induced Marangoni stress resisting the flow (Barton & Subramanian 1990). The impact of surfactant adsorption on drop thermocapillary motion is studied for two nonlinear adsorption frameworks in the sorption-controlled limit. The Langmuir adsorption framework accounts for the maximum surface concentration Γ′ ∞ that can be attained for monolayer adsorption; the Frumkin adsorption framework accounts for Γ′ ∞ and for non-ideal surfactant interactions. The compositional dependence of the surface tension alters both the thermocapillary stress which drives the flow and the surfactant-induced Marangoni stress which retards it. The competition between these stresses determines the terminal velocity U ′, which is given by Young's velocity U ′ 0 in the absence of surfactant adsorption. In the regime where adsorption–desorption and surface convection are of the same order, U ′ initially decreases with surfactant concentration for the Langmuir model. A minimum is then attained, and U ′ subsequently increases slightly with bulk concentration, but remains significantly less than U ′ 0 . For cohesive interactions in the Frumkin model, U ′ decreases monotonically with surfactant concentration, asymptoting to a value less than the Langmuir velocity. For repulsive interactions, U ′ is non-monotonic, initially decreasing with concentration, subsequently increasing for elevated concentrations. The implications of these results for using surfactants to control surface mobilities in thermocapillary migration are discussed.
Evaluating children's literature by using the cloze procedure (1982)

Abstract This study reveals the results when passages from children's literature books were prepared using cloze techniques and presented to college and elementary school students. The readability levels of the books were measured as were the capabilities of the college students. The readability measures and the cloze results yielded widely differing results. College students did not do well on many of the cloze passages; elementary students achieved much less well. An analysis of the nature of college student errors is reported. Questions are raised about the desirability of using cloze for matching readers to creative writing in the forms of literature, such as was used in this study.
Phase-change Memory (2007)

This paper reviews the current development status of phase-change memory (PCM), discusses advanced scaling of this technology along with a scaling demonstration. A probable development road map and a prospective view of future possible applications of PCM will also be presented.
Taxonomy of the Acarine Parasite Hirsutella thompsonii (1980)

SUMMARYCultural features and morphology of 11 isolates of the hyphomycete Hirsutella thompsonii, an important pathogen of various eriophyoid mites, are described and illustrated. Three morphologically distinct groups of H. thompsonii were distinguished and accordingly three varieties are proposed: H. thompsonii var. thompsonii, var. vinacea and var. synnematosa. The variety vinacea is characterized by vinaceous colonies and a different host, Acalitus vaccinii. The strains accommodated in the var. synnematosa were isolated from Eriophyes spp. and related genera. In fresh culture they produce cream-colored cylindrical synnemata, bearing two kinds of phialides: (1) single phialides with solitary conidia and (2) densely crowded phialides with catenulate conidia. In all three varieties two different conidiogenous structures are formed: (1) solitary often proliferating phialides producing one or more globose, verrucose conidia and (2) polyblastic conidiogenous cells with smooth-walled, subglobose to ellipsoidal conidia. Although H. thompsonii differs in some morphological characters from other species in the genus, its maintenance in Hirsutella is proposed.
Preliminary Analysis of a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Initialization Process (2007)

As distributed system architectures such as peer-to-peer, grid computing and MANET become more popular, there is an increasing need for robust and scalable mechanisms to establish trust between entities. The Trusted Platform Module (TPM), provides for the possibility to establish trust at the hardware level for commercial hardware. While work has been done to leverage TPMs for Digital Rights Management (DRM) and other schemes, application of TPMs for robust identification and authentication in a MANET or other distributed environment have not been addressed. This research provides a simple analysis on the applicability of leveraging TPMs for enhanced computer security in today's military environment. A military convoy using laptops in a MANET is used as a hypothetical concept of operations. The problem of TPM initialization of a laptop, in particular, at a depot prior to deployment is addressed. The initialization steps that must be performed before using a TPM in any deployment have been studied and described, and suggestions are provided to address possible DoD concerns in using this technology.
Aggregation as bacterial inclusion bodies does not imply inactivation of enzymes and fluorescent proteins (2005)

This observation offers promising possibilities for the exploration of inclusion bodies as catalysts for industrial purposes, without any previous protein-refolding step.
The influence of various precursors on the concentration of energy-rich phosphates and pyridine nucleotides in cardiac tissue and its possible meaning for anoxic survival (1980)

A special "anoxia test" was developed with isolated guinea pig atria to test influences on the anoxic energy balance. Adenine, ribose, nicotinic acid or nicotinamide added as precursors to nutrition solutions inhibit the loss of cardiac adenine and pyridine nucleotides during anoxia and improve the energy balance under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the myocardium.
Non‐invasive pulsatile arterial pressure and stroke volume changes from the human finger (2005)

In this paper we review recent developments in the methodology of non-invasive finger arterial pressure measurement and the information about arterial flow that can be obtained from it. Continuous measurement of finger pressure based on the volume-clamp method was introduced in the early 1980s both for research purposes and for clinical medicine. Finger pressure tracks intra-arterial pressure but the pressure waves may differ systematically both in shape and magnitude. Such bias can, at least partly, be circumvented by reconstruction of brachial pressure from finger pressure by using a general inverse anti-resonance model correcting for the difference in pressure waveforms and an individual forearm cuff calibration. The Modelflow method as implemented in the Finometer computes an aortic flow waveform from peripheral arterial pressure by simulating a non-linear three-element model of the aortic input impedance. The methodology tracks fast changes in stroke volume (SV) during various experimental protocols including postural stress and exercise. If absolute values are required, calibration against a gold standard is needed. Otherwise, Modelflow-measured SV is expressed as change from control with the same precision in tracking. Beat-to-beat information on arterial flow offers important and clinically relevant information on the circulation beyond what can be detected by arterial pressure.
Effect of heating rate on sintered series 300 stainless steel (2010)

Stainless steel powders (303L, 304L, 310L and 316L) were formed into tensile test bars using the “press and sinter”process. Most processing parameters, except heating rate, were kept constant. During the heating of the experimental specimensfrom 700°C to the sintering temperature of 1300°C, heating rates were varied, e.g., 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0°C/min. Experimentalresults showed that a material heated with a low heating rate tended to have higher sintered density and tensile strength.However, the low heating rate caused grain growth in the sintered material. These results are in contradiction with the improved densification of some ceramics by ultra rapid heating. The reasons for contradiction are as follows. First, the heatingrates employed in this work are not very different. The second is attributed to small thermal gradients generated in thethin metal powder compacts. Because of these reasons, densification of the sintered stainless steels series 300 is controlled by an isothermal condition. The low heating rate allows longer time for atomic diffusion, which is an important sintering factor. This means more atoms move to points of contact between powder particles to form necking and to cause neckinggrowth. This results in better sintering. However, the low heating rate means that the materials are exposed to heat for longertime and thus their grains have a tendency to grow.
Biological Activity of the Fatty Acid Ester Metabolites of Corticoids* (1990)

Fatty acid esters of all families of steroid hormones are known to exist naturally. While their physiological roles are not clear, the C-17-fatty acid esters of estradiol are extremely potent and unusually long-lived estrogens. Thus, it appeared that increased potency would be a logical consequence of the esterification of all of the active steroid hormones. To test this hypothesis we measured the effect of an ester of corticosterone, corticosterone-21-stearate, on the induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in adrenalectomized rats. Surprisingly, while the ester is active compared to the unesterified corticoid corticosterone, there was no difference in either the magnitude or the duration of the induction of this enzyme. To determine whether the C-21-steroidal ester could itself induce this gluconeogenic response, we tested corticosterone-21-oleate and corticosterone-21-stearate as competitors for the binding of [3H] dexamethasone to the glucocorticoid receptor in rat liver cytosol. Both were poor ligands, with binding affinities of about 4% and more than 1%, respectively, compared to corticosterone. From these results, it is doubtful that the esters could act directly in vivo without prior cleavage of the fatty acid. We measured the rate of hydrolysis of corticosterone-21-stearate and estradiol-17-stearate by rat liver esterases. Corticosterone-21-stearate is hydrolyzed at a much greater rate (10- to 25-fold) than estradiol-17-stearate. Consequently, the difference in both potency and duration of response between the ester of the corticoid and that of the estrogen can be explained by the very rapid rate of conversion of the former into the unesterified form. Since the esterification of the corticoids appears not to be related to an increased biological half-life, as it is in the estrogens, the question remains as to the physiological role that they might play.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Mediates Microglial Activation via Its Finger Domain through Annexin II (2002)

Microglia are the immunocompetent cells of the CNS, and their activation is thought to play an important neurotoxic role in many diseases modeled by glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. One molecule whose expression is upregulated after excitotoxic injury is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a serine protease with dual roles in the CNS. The catalytic activity of tPA, which converts plasminogen into plasmin, leads to neuronal death during excitotoxicity. Via a nonproteolytic mechanism, tPA also mediates microglial activation. We show here in culture studies that stimulated wild-type neurons and microglia can release the tPA that elicits the activation, and that tPA acts in combination with other factors. We also show that the finger domain of tPA is necessary to trigger the activation and identify annexin II as its probable binding partner-receptor. Together, these findings suggest that tPA released by either neurons or microglia can act as a neural cytokine, signaling through annexin II to activate microglia in settings of disease and injury. Developing methods to inhibit the interaction of tPA with annexin II would offer a new and selective approach to interfere with microglial activation for therapeutic purposes.
DNA Polymerases of Tetrahymena pyriformis. I. Characterization of Two N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive DNA Polymerases from Exponentially Growing Cells (1982)

Two DNA polymerase activities, polymerases A and B, were separated from the Triton-treated cell homogenate of exponentially growing Tetrahymena pyriformis by phosphocellulose column chromatography. Their properties were as follows. Polymerase A: The molecular weight was about 140,000, the sedimentation value was about 6.2S, the optimum Mg2+ concentration was 15 mM, the optimum K+ (or Na+) concentration was 20 mM, and the optimum pH was 7.4. The enzyme activity was inhibited by cytosine-beta-D-arabinofuranoside-5'-triphosphate (araCTP) or aphidicolin, but not by 2'-3'-dideoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate (ddTTP). Polymerase B: The molecular weight was about 70,000, the sedimentation value was 4.3S, the optimum Mg2+ concentration was 15 mM, the optimum K+ (or Na+) concentration was 150 mM, and the optimum pH was 8.4. The enzyme activity was inhibited by ddTTP, but not by araCTP or aphidicolin. Polymerases A and B were both found to be N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive. These results indicate that at least two N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive DNA polymerases, A and B, are present in exponentially growing Tetrahymena cells. Polymerase A bears many similarities to DNA polymerase alpha of higher eukaryotes and polymerase B also bears similarities to DNA polymerase beta except as regards N-ethylmaleimide sensitivity. Based on the properties of polymerases A and B, the relation of Tetrahymena DNA polymerases reported by several investigators is discussed.