gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with prediabetes (2005)

Background Most persons with prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose) are overweight, and obesity worsens the metabolic and physiologic abnormalities associated with this condition. Prediabetes is an important risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Objectives The objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness of dietary, physical activity, and behavioral weight loss, and weight control interventions for adults with prediabetes. Search methods Studies were obtained from computerized searches of multiple electronic bibliographic dababases, supplemented by hand searches of selected journals, and consultation with experts in obesity research. The last search was conducted May, 2004. Selection criteria Studies were included if they were published or unpublished randomized controlled trials in any language and examined weight loss or weight control strategies using one or more dietary, physical activity, or behavioral interventions, with a follow‐up interval of at least 12 months. Data collection and analysis Effects were combined using a random‐effects model. Main results Nine studies were identified, with a total of 5,168 participants. Follow‐up ranged from 1 to 10 years. Quantitative synthesis was limited by the heterogeneity of populations, settings, and interventions and by the small number of studies that examined outcomes other than weight. Overall, in comparisons with usual care, four studies with a follow‐up of one year reduced weight by 2.8 kg (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.0 to 4.7) (3.3% of baseline body weight) and decreased body mass index by 1.3 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.9). Weight loss at two years was 2.6 kg (95% CI 1.9 to 3.3) (three studies). Modest improvements were noted in the few studies that examined glycemic control, blood pressure, or lipid concentrations (P > 0.05). No data on quality of life or mortality were found. The incidence of diabetes was significantly lower in the intervention groups versus the controls in three of five studies examining this outcome at 3 to 6 years follow‐up. Authors' conclusions Overall, weight loss strategies using dietary, physical activity, or behavioral interventions produced significant improvements in weight among persons with prediabetes and a significant decrease in diabetes incidence. Further work is needed on the long‐term effects of these interventions on morbidity and mortality and on how to implement these interventions in diverse community settings.
Recent achievements in BOCDA/BOCDR (2014)

Recent achievements in Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis/Reflectometry (BOCDA/BOCDR) are discussed. Through manipulating interference characteristics of continuous lightwave by modulating the frequency, stimulated Brillouin scattering can be generated position-selectively along an optical fiber. The position can be shifted by changing the FM frequency. Then, distributed measurement of temperature or strain can be realized. This is “Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis (BOCDA).” Distributed measurement of spontaneous Brillouin scattering can also be realized with a similar way, which is “Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Reflectometry (BOCDR).” Superior functions have already been demonstrated, such as mm order spatial resolution, kHz order sampling speed, random accessibility to arbitrary multiple points, and discriminative and distributed measurement of strain and temperature. Applications of the techniques have also been demonstrated, including structural health monitoring of aircrafts.
The View from Above: A Survey of the Public’s Perception of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Privacy (2019)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming increasingly popular, both for hobbyists and within the commercial, industrial, and military sectors. Approximately one million new UAVs have been registered in the United States, with the majority being recreational UAVs. This growth of UAV activity and their increasingly common public presence engenders a wide variety of opinions, perceptions, and concerns among individuals about UAVs, particularly concerning personal privacy. Drawing from the privacy and emerging technology literature, the purpose of this paper is to identify how individuals’ perceptions of privacy explain their attitudes on the use of UAVs and whether this aligns with what we would expect from an emerging technology. Utilizing Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) for survey delivery to 2,108 respondents we conducted a descriptive statistical analysis of response frequency and t-tests of group mean differences. The results suggest that individuals who use UAVs, maintain a familiarity with the capabilities of UAVs, and have a basic understanding of UAV regulations, are somewhat less concerned about the growing presence of UAVs as it relates to privacy than individuals who are generally unfamiliar with UAVs, their capabilities, and UAV regulations. Policy implications of these results are discussed.
High‐Temperature Strength of Liquid‐Phase‐Sintered SiC with AlN and Re <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (RE = Y, Yb) (2002)

Using AlN and RE 2 O 3 (RE = Y, Yb) as sintering additives, two different SiC ceramics with high strength at 1500°C were fabricated by hot‐pressing and subsequent annealing under pressure. The ceramics had a self‐reinforced microstructure consisting of elongated α‐SiC grains and a grain‐boundary glassy phase. High‐temperature strength up to 1600°C was measured and compared with that of the SiC ceramics fabricated with AlN and Er 2 O 3 . SiC ceramics with AlN and Y 2 O 3 showed the best strength (∼630 MPa) at 1500°C, while SiC ceramics with AlN and Er 2 O 3 the best strength (∼550 MPa) at 1600°C.
Multidimensional Flow Cytometry of Marrow Can Differentiate Leukemic From Normal Lymphoblasts and Myeloblasts After Chemotherapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation (1998)

Serial bone marrow aspirates from patients previously given a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who had undergone chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation (BMT), or both were analyzed by multidimensional flow cytometry (MDF) to detect residual disease (lower limit of detection 0.3%). Correlation between the results of morphologic examination and MDF showed concordant results on 100 of 118 specimens. The MDF-positive, morphologic examination-negative specimens were positive by cytogenetic examination or were obtained from patients in whom the ALL eventually relapsed. Similar correlations between MDF and the results of cytogenetic examination were obtained. Leukemic cells were detected in 29 of 62 patients before BMT and 12 of 52 after BMT Normal regenerating lymphoblasts were identified and quantified by MDF in patients without detectable leukemic lymphoblasts. Patients with leukemic lymphoblasts found by MDF in specimens obtained immediately before BMT were 3.28 times more likely to experience relapse after BMT compared with MDF-negative patients, even when leukemic lymphoblasts were undetectable by histopathologic examination, cytogenetic examination, or both. All patients who had undergone BMT with leukemic lymphoblasts found by MDF, with or without morphologic or cytogenetic confirmation, experienced relapse according to conventional criteria within 42 days of the MDF analysis. The detection of residual disease before overt relapse may provide information for early intervention, while definitive recognition of normal recovering blasts may prevent unnecessary treatment.
Percutaneous Absorption and Pharmacokinetics of Eflornithine HC®l 13.9% Cream in Women with Unwanted Facial Hair (2001)

This article reports the results of an open‐label, multiple‐dose study to determine percutaneous absorption and pharmacokinetics of eflornithine following topical treatment with eflornithine HC®l 13.9% cream (Vaniqa™). Ten women with excessive facial hair were treated with two 0.5 g single doses of [ 14 C]‐labeled eflornithine HC®l 13.9% (w/w) cream (periods A and C) separated by twice‐daily application of 0.5 g unlabeled eflornithine HC113.9% cream for 7 days (period B). Analysis of radioactivity excreted in urine and feces indicated that percutaneous absorption was minimal. Comparison with urinary excretion of eflornithine in period A suggested that most of absorbed eflornithine was excreted in urine without being metabolized. Radioactivity was not detectable in blood or plasma, but eflornithine concentrations were measurable, with peak concentrations of 4.96 ng/ml in period A and 10.44 ng/ml in period C. Eflornithine was eliminated from plasma with a mean terminal half‐life of 11 hours (first application) and 8 hours (final application). Trough plasma concentrations reached steady state (4.61‐5.50 ng/ml) after 4 days of twice‐daily topical treatment, and multiple dosing had no apparent effect on disposition kinetics. The low degree of percutaneous absorption and low systemic exposure to eflornithine offer a favorable clinical safety profile of eflornithine HC®l 13.9% cream.
A study of the protective effect of ketotifen in food allergy. (1981)

In view of the excellent results we had obtained using KETOTIFEN in the treatment of respiratory allergies, we decided to carry out a study of its protective action in cases of allergies of purely alimentary etiology; that is, in patients symptoms only appeared after the ingestion of certain foodstuffs. The subjects of this study were 16 patients, 8 men and 8 women, aged from 13 to 49. The diagnosis of food allergy was reached by means of a clear and detailed history, skin tests, hemagglutination tests and positive oral provocation tests with the tested antigens in all patients. The basal oral provocation tests were carried out when the patients were fasting, using progressively larger doses of the antigens until a positive response was obtained, consisting of an exact reproduction of the symptomatology described in the history. After an interval of at least 10 days, a second oral provocation test was performed under identical conditions, using the same dose of antigens, after a treatment consisting of 1 capsule (1 mg.) of KETOTIFEN every 12 hours during the 5 days prior to the test. Clinical symptoms appearing singly or together in the OPT were dermal in 8 patients (50%), respiratory in 7 patients (42.85%) and gastrointestinal in 3 patients (18.75%). In 7 patients whose shock organ was the expiratory system, (group A) shows the decrease in FEV1 in each patient. It clearly shows that the patients had a smaller decrease in FEV1 after treatment, as compared with baseline values after OPT. On the other hand, 9 patients whose shock organ was the skin and the gut (group B), the protection ws complete in 6 patients (66%). The drug was well tolerated, the only side effects observed being somnolence in one patient and dryness of the mouth in another (12.5%). No changes were observed in the hemogram, ESR, blood tests, pulse, blood sugar and urinalysis. The most recent studies of the mechanism of action of KETOTIFEN are suggestive, but have not yet provided a complete explanation. This drug inhibits the release of histamine and SRS-A from mast cells, basophils and neutrophils. The fact that, as distinct from DSCG, it acts on neutrophils, inhibiting the release of SRS-A, suggests that its mode of action does not only concern those reactions mediated by IgE.
<title>Three-Dimensional Robot Vision</title> (1984)

This paper examines the application of the "shape from shading" technique of surface measurement for depth perception and object recognition. An examination of several models for surface shading prediction as applied to scene synthesis is presented. Also discussed is the reverse process of using these surface shading models for image analysis for depth perception. The surface measurements are then used to fit simple surfaces to objects for recognition.
Studies on the Reactions between Oxides in Solid State at Higher Temperatures. I. The Reaction between Magnesium Oxide and Titanium Oxide (1941)

Abstract (1) It has been confirmed that three titanates, i.e., magnesium orthotitanate (2MgO·TiO2), metatitanate (MgO·TiO2) and dititanate (MgO·2TiO2), are formed by the solid reaction between MgO and TiO2; 2MgO·TiO2 is soluble in 4 N HCl and MgO·TiO2 in 12 N HCl, while MgO·2TiO2 is scarcely soluble even in 12 N HCl. (2) By following the course of the reaction analytically, it has been found that the first reaction product is MgO·2TiO2, whatever the mixing ratio of the two components may be; MgO·TiO2 is formed gradually when an excess of MgO is present; and 2MgO·TiO2 is formed similarly, but with difficulty. (3) The reaction has been proved to proceed, under various ex？erimental conditions, in the same manner, and MgO·TiO2 can never be regarded as the first reaction product. (4) The reaction between MgO·TiO2 and TiO2 to form MgO·2TiO2 has taken place more easily than the formation of MgO·TiO2 from MgO 2TiO2 and MgO. (5) It has been concluded that, although there exists a notable rapid initial reaction, a further reaction is controlled by the diffusion of the two components through the reaction product. The energy of activation of the diffusion process of MgO·2TiO2 formation has been estimated to be 36.0 Kilocalories per mole.
Glomerulosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, and vascular graft stenosis: treatment with oral heparinoids. (1997)

At present there is no known treatment for established glomerulosclerosis or atherosclerosis. Since the principal lesion in glomerulosclerosis involves mesangial cells, a vascular smooth muscle cell, we searched for new therapeutic approaches affecting vascular smooth muscle function, especially with respect to modifying the turnover of extracellular matrix. We used mice transgenic for bovine growth hormone (bGH), since these mice develop end-stage renal disease due to progressive glomerulosclerosis. We previously showed that the subcutaneous injection of a non-anticoagulant heparin reduced glomerulosclerosis in bGH mice. Since injectable drugs are not a practical means of controlling glomerulosclerosis in humans, we assessed oral heparin-like compounds and found that oral pentosan polysulfate (PPS) reduced glomerulosclerosis in bGH mice at non-toxic doses. Because the positive therapeutic response in the bGH model could have been principally hormone-mediated, we examined other models of non-immune mediated glomerulosclerosis, including ROP Os/+ non-diabetic and diabetic mice. We found that an oral PPS (Elmiron), which is approved for other indications in humans, reduced sclerosis in all of these forms of chronic, progressive glomerulosclerosis. Based on the similarity of the cellular events in glomerulosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, we assessed the effect(s) of PPS in congenital (Watanabe rabbits) and induced (New Zealand White lipid-fed rabbits) models of arteriosclerosis. The extent and severity of the lesions was significantly reduced in both models by PPS treatment. Finally, we asked whether the proliferative and sclerotic lesion, which is the cause of vascular graft stenosis, might also respond to PPS treatment. To do this we cultured cells from the materials removed from stenotic arteriovenous grafts in hemodialysis patients. We found that PPS inhibits the proliferation and matrix production in a dose-dependent manner.
A potential role in spintronics (2002)

The essential aim of spin electronics, or spintronics, is to use the spin of quantum mechanical particles to carry signals and process information. Conventional electronics technology relies on the charges of electrons and holes for this purpose. Signals consist of voltage pulses, each of which is a bundle of charged carriers. Furthermore, conventional digital electronics is classical in nature in that bits are defined in terms of such discrete charge pulses. Here, a ‘1’ bit may be represented by a negative voltage pulse whereas a ‘0’ bit would be the absence of such a pulse. Devices continue to diminish in size in order to achieve higher speeds. As this shrinkage occurs, design parameters are impacted in such a way that the materials in current use are pushed to their limits. Moore’s Law states that the logic density, or amount of storable information per unit area, in silicon-based integrated circuits doubles every 18 months.
Insertional re-activation of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase misfolding mutant protein (1995)

The deletion of nine residues from the C-terminus of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) results in deposition of the mutant protein in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and loss of chloramphenicol resistance in Escherichia coli. This folding defect is relieved by C-terminal fusion of the polypeptide with as few as two residues. Based on these observations, efficient positive selection for the cloning of DNA fragments has been demonstrated. The cloning vector encodes a C-terminally truncated CAT protein. Restriction sites in front of the stop codon allow the insertion of target DNA, resulting in the production of properly folded CAT fusion proteins and regained chloramphenicol resistance. The positive selection of recombinants is accomplished by growth of transformants on chloramphenicol-containing agar plates. The method appears particularly convenient for the cloning of DNA fragments amplified by the PCR because minimal information to restore CAT folding can be included in the primers. The cloning of random sequences shows that the folding defect can be relieved by fusion to a wide variety of peptides, providing great flexibility to the positive selection system. This vector may also contribute to the determination of the role of the C-terminus in CAT folding.
AUREOMYCIN, A NEW ANTIBIOTIC (1948)

Unpublished data made available to us<sup>1</sup>suggested that the new antibiotic, aureomycin, was of low toxicity, was effective in vitro against a large variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and was particularly effective in experimental infections with rickettsias and with viruses of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group. Clinical trials to determine its field of usefulness, therefore, seemed warranted. The results of the oral use of this antibiotic in 100 cases of a variety of bacterial infections are of sufficient interest to warrant this report. A brief résumé of the results of laboratory studies carried out in the course of this clinical study is also included. Further details will be presented in separate communications. <h3>BACTERIOLOGIC STUDIES</h3><h3>Sensitivity of Bacteria.—</h3> Tests for sensitivity to aureomycin were carried out by tube dilution or streak plate methods on one hundred and eighty-six strains of pathogenic bacteria recently isolated from patients at the Boston City
Intralayer Cation Ordering in a Brownmillerite Superstructure: Synthesis, Crystal, and Magnetic Structures of Ca<sub>2</sub>FeCoO<sub>5</sub> (2010)

The synthesis, crystal, and magnetic structures and the bulk magnetic properties of Ca2FeCoO5, a brownmillerite type oxide, are presented. The crystal structure, solved and refined from single crystal X-ray and powder neutron diffraction data, is described in Pbcm with cell parameters, a = 5.3652(3) Å, b = 11.0995(5) Å, c = 14.7982(7) Å. Thus, one axis, b in this setting, is doubled in comparison with the standard brownmillerite structure description giving rise to two sets of octahedral and tetrahedral sites. Aided by the strong scattering contrast between Fe and Co for neutrons, a nearly perfect intralayer cation site ordering, not observed for any brownmillerite before, is detected in the tetrahedral layers. There is a lesser degree of cation site ordering in the octahedral sites. Overall, the Fe/Co site ordering is of the NaCl type both within and between the tetrahedral and octahedral layers. There are also both intra- and interlayer ordering of tetrahedral chain orientations. The left- and right-handed orientations alternate within each tetrahedral layer as well as between the closest tetrahedral layers. The occurrence of the rare Pbcm space group in Ca2FeCoO5 is not consistent with a recently proposed structure-field map for brownmillerite oxides. The magnetic structure is G-type antiferromagnetic, with preferred orientation of magnetic moments parallel to the longest axis between 3.8 K to 100 K which switches to the shortest axis between 225 K and 550 K. The neutron diffraction data indicate different site specific ordering temperatures at about 450(5) K and 555(5) K. The refined ordered moments at 3.8 K are somewhat smaller than expected for Fe3+ and Co3+(high spin) but are similar to those found in Sr2FeCoO5. There is evidence for spin canting from isothermal magnetization data that shows well pronounced hystereses and remnant magnetizations at 5 K and 200 K.
Synthesis of 2H-pyrido[1,2-b]-as-triazines using azirines generated by modified Neber reactions (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2H-pyrido[1,2-b]-as-triazines using azirines generated by modified Neber reactionsAkikazu Kakehi, Suketaka Ito, Takashi Manabe, Toshiaki Maeda, and Kazuhiko ImaiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 14, 2514–2517Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00434a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00434a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation and Dielectric Properties of Sm<sup>3+</sup>-Substituted SrBi<sub>8</sub>Ti<sub>7</sub>O<sub>27</sub> Based Microwave Ceramics (2007)

Sr(Bi1-xSmx)8Ti7O27 ceramics were prepared by Sm2O3-substitution for Bi2O3 through solid-state reaction route. The dielectric properties of the sintered bodies such as er, Q and tf were investigated. The ceramics were characterized by SEM, XRD, DTA and TG, which behaved high dielectric constant of 128 ~154 at the frequency of 10 GHz.
On the factorization of rational matrices (1961)

Many problems in electrical engineering, such as the synthesis of linear n ports and the detection and filtration of multivariable systems corrupted by stationary additive noise, depend for their successful solution upon the factorization of a matrix-valued function of a complex variable <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> . This paper presents several algorithms for affecting such decompositions for the class of rational matrices <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G(p)</tex> , i.e., matrices whose entries are ratios of polynomials in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> . The methods employed are elementary in nature and center around the Smith canonic form of a polynomial matrix. Several nontrivial examples are worked out in detail to illustrate the theory.