gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of protein kinase C inhibitor on the replication of influenza type A virus (1990)

The growth of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 in MDCK cells was inhibited by 1-(5-isoquinolinesulphonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride (H7) which is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C, but not by an effective inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases. Analysing the inhibitory effect of H7 during the replication cycle of influenza virus, we found that the primary transcripts were sufficiently synthesized in infected cells exposed to H7. The primary transcripts synthesized in the presence and absence of H7 were active in directing the synthesis of viral polypeptides both in a cell-free system and in the system containing H7. In the system where infected cells were exposed to H7, the viral positive-sense RNAs were also significantly amplified 6 h after infection. However, the synthesis of viral proteins other than nucleoprotein from viral primary or amplified (secondary) mRNAs was extremely restricted. The synthesis of host cellular proteins in mock-infected cells was significantly retained in the presence of H7. These results suggest that the selective inhibition of influenza virus translation following the transcription of viral mRNA was induced by H7 in infected cells.
Separation of aromatic sulfides by electrokinetic chromatography with micellar solution. (1986)

中空毛細管内における界面動電現象を利用したミセル可溶化クロマトグラフィーによる7種のアルキルフェニルスルフィド(アルキル基:メチル, エチル, プロピル, イソプロピル, プチル, イソブチル, s-ブチル)と4種のアルキルベンジルスルフィド(アルキル基:メチル, エチル, プロピル, イソプロピル)の分離について検討した。分離カラム内径0.05mm, 有効長750mmの溶融石英管を,またクロマトグラフィー溶液に0.02mol・dm-3硫酸ドデシルナトリウム(SDS)水溶液(pH7.0)を用い, 室温で分離を試みたところ, 1対の試料が分離できなかったがほかの9種は分離された。界面活性剤には硫酸テトラデシルナトリウム(STS)も用いたが, SDSの場合ほどよい分離は得られなかった。35℃における各試料の水相-ミセル相問の分配係数を, SDS, STSそれぞれについて計算した。その結果, 両界面活性剤の間にはほとんど差は認められなかった。クロマトグラフィー溶液に0.03mol・dm-3SDS水溶液(pH7.0)とメタノールとの混合溶液(80:20)を用いたところ,内径0.05mm,有効長500mmのカラムで, 芳香族スルフィド10種がベースライン分離された。この場合と水溶液のみの系の場合とでは, 重なったピークは異なり, 全般的な分離の程度はメタノールを含む系での方がよかった。
语言习得 语言学习 语言教学 (1992)

本章论述心理语言学对儿童习得母语的最新研究及其与语言教学之间的关系。在这方面已经提出了一些语言教师不能忽略的观点。这些观点简述如下: 1.语言习得是人类的普遍特征,除非失常或患障碍症。 2.第一语言习得的年龄跨度为1岁半到6岁,不会更早,个别情况下稍晚。 3.语言的发端在时间上与大脑发育的稍后阶段相联系。
Characterization of a soybean BAG gene and its potential role in nematode resistance (2012)

Title from PDF of title page; abstract from short PDF (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on June 26, 2014).
Ubiquitin-binding protein p62 is present in neuronal and glial inclusions in human tauopathies and synucleinopathies (2001)

We examined the immunoreactivity of ubiquitin-binding protein p62 and its association with ubiquitin (Ub), alpha-synuclein, and paired helical filament (PHF)-tau in the affected brain areas of human tauopathies and synucleinopathies. Ubiquitin-binding protein p62 is a widely expressed protein that can bind to Ub noncovalently and is involved in several signalling pathways, making p62 a candidate regulator of Ub-mediated proteolysis. We show that p62 immunoreactivity co-localizes with neuronal and glial Ub-containing inclusions in Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, and multiple system atrophy. This is the first demonstration of a common protein component, apart from Ub, that is present in both PHF-tau and alpha-synuclein inclusions. In both tauo- and synucleinopathies, the staining patterns for p62 and Ub were markedly similar, suggesting that a common mechanism which requires interaction of p62 and Ub contributes to the formation of PHF-tau and alpha-synuclein inclusions.
Determination of <scp>D</scp>‐amino acids, derivatized with 4‐fluoro‐7‐nitro‐2, 1, 3‐benzoxadiazole (NBD‐F), in wine samples by high‐performance liquid chromatography (1995)

The concentrations of D-amino acids and their enantiomeric ratios in wind samples were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. We used Pirkle type chiral stationary phases and fluorogenic reagent, 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) for simplicity and high sensitivity. The amino acids determined were D-enantiomers of alanine (Ala), aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine (Ile) and leucine (Leu), D-Asparagine, -glutamine and -lysine were not detected. D-Leu was detected in red and rosé wine samples, and D-Ile was determined only in rosé wine. In contrast, neither D-Leu nor Ile were detected in white wine samples. The concentration of D-Ala was the most prominent among these amino acids with the highest content of approximately 180 microns (D/D + L ratio; 25%) in rosé wine.
Towards ferrofluidics for μ-TAS and lab on-a-chip applications (2006)

In this paper, we show that ferrofluids can be pumped very effectively in closed-channel geometries both in the macro- and micro-scales using spatially travelling, sinusoidally time-varying magnetic fields. The results from numerical modelling demonstrate that the optimum pumping frequency is the reciprocal of the Brownian relaxation time constant of the magnetic nanoparticles inside the ferrofluid. Since the Brownian time constant depends in part on the overall hydrodynamic volume of the magnetic nanoparticles, this work has been carried with a view to developing functionalized ferrofluids that can be used as sensitive pathogen detectors in the context of ferrohydrodynamic pumping via travelling magnetic fields. A micro-ferrofluidic device has been designed and fabricated in order to demonstrate the potential development of this technology for pathogen detection. A cost-effective fabrication process combining insulated metal substrate etching and soft lithography is used to realize the prototype micro-ferrofluidic device. Results show good agreement between simulation and experiment. We finally propose a ferrofluid-based pathogen detection scheme that is expected to be insensitive to temperature and viscosity differences between the ferrofluid and the sample to be tested.
WNT3A promotes myogenesis of human embryonic stem cells and enhances in vivo engraftment (2014)

The ability of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to differentiate into skeletal muscle cells is an important criterion in using them as a cell source to ameliorate skeletal muscle impairments. However, differentiation of hESCs into skeletal muscle cells still remains a challenge, often requiring introduction of transgenes. Here, we describe the use of WNT3A protein to promote in vitro myogenic commitment of hESC-derived cells and their subsequent in vivo function. Our findings show that the presence of WNT3A in culture medium significantly promotes myogenic commitment of hESC-derived progenitors expressing a mesodermal marker, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRA), as evident from the expression of myogenic markers, including DES, MYOG, MYH1, and MF20. In vivo transplantation of these committed cells into cardiotoxin-injured skeletal muscles of NOD/SCID mice reveals survival and engraftment of the donor cells. The cells contributed to the regeneration of damaged muscle fibers and the satellite cell compartment. In lieu of the limited cell source for treating skeletal muscle defects, the hESC-derived PDGFRA(+) cells exhibit significant in vitro expansion while maintaining their myogenic potential. The results described in this study provide a proof-of-principle that myogenic progenitor cells with in vivo engraftment potential can be derived from hESCs without genetic manipulation.
Effects of Simulated Rare Earth Recycling Wastewaters on Biological Nitrification (2015)

Increasing rare earth element (REE) supplies by recycling and expanded ore processing will result in generation of new wastewaters. In some cases, disposal to a sewage treatment plant may be favored, but plant performance must be maintained. To assess the potential effects of such wastewaters on biological treatment, model nitrifying organisms Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi were exposed to simulated wastewaters containing varying levels of yttrium or europium (10, 50, and 100 ppm), and the extractant tributyl phosphate (TBP, at 0.1 g/L). Y and Eu additions at 50 and 100 ppm inhibited N. europaea, even when virtually all of the REE was insoluble. Provision of TBP with Eu increased N. europaea inhibition, although TBP alone did not substantially alter activity. For N. winogradskyi cultures, Eu or Y additions at all tested levels induced significant inhibition, and nitrification shut down completely with TBP addition. REE solubility was calculated using the previously developed MSE (Mixed-Solvent Electrolyte) thermodynamic model. The model calculations reveal a strong pH dependence of solubility, typically controlled by the precipitation of REE hydroxides but also likely affected by the formation of unknown phosphate phases, which determined aqueous concentrations experienced by the microorganisms.
Design of an Enhanced ACC for Collision Detection and Prevention Using RTOS (2009)

The present technologies provide only assistance in a car for controlling the relative speed and distance between two vehicles in the same lane and permit to drive at a constant given speed in a Highway free of traffic and to maintain a constant distance with the vehicle ahead but not collision avoidance But the proposed system provides enhancements in the present adaptive cruise control system, which in addition to collision detection provides a comprehensive solution to avoid collision without the driver’s intervention. Our system with the help of sensors constantly monitors the lane in which it is traveling. The system after detecting a moving vehicle in front (which moves slower than the set cruise speed of our car) will try to switch to the adjacent lane, if unoccupied. This judgment (of whether a lane is occupied or not) is done with the help of proximity sensors attached on either side of the vehicle. In the new lane, the car will accelerate to the set cruise speed and after overtaking the vehicle, it will again switch back to the previously occupied lane, all of which is done without any human (driver) intervention.
Light-Pressure Tube (1961)

A device for demonstrating the pressure of light is here described. With present-day techniques it is not only possible to produce a gas pressure sufficiently low to reduce the radiometer effects to a negligible value compared with the light pressure effect, but it is also possible to maintain such a vacuum in a sealed-off tube for long periods of time.
Abstract 4071: Cancer stem cell-induced vascularization of skin cancer tumors (2015)

Abstract Our previous studies identify a subpopulation of epidermal cancer stem (ECS) cells in human squamous cell carcinoma that are efficient tumor formers. These cells display enhanced invasion and migration, and form large, invasive and highly aggressive tumors. We now show that ECS cells produce highly vascularized tumors. This is confirmed visually and by detection of increased expression of the CD31 endothelial cell marker. To understand the molecular basis for increased vascularization, we assayed for ECS cell and non-stem cancer cell production of angiogenic factors. Pro-angiogenic factors, including VEGF-A, HIF-1α and MMP9, are produced at high level in ECS cell-derived tumors, as compared to non-stem cancer cell tumors. In addition, anti-angiogenic factor production (thrombospondin-1, endothelin-1, serpin B5) is reduced. This is consistent with the finding that ECS cell tumor extracts more efficiently stimulate HUVEC cell tube formation. Moreover, these ECS tumor-derived cells display enhanced spheroid formation, and cell migration and invasion. Knockdown of VEGF-A or VEGFR2, or treatment with anti-VEGF-A attenuates these events. In addition, treatment with bevacizumab (anti-VEGF-A) suppresses tumor formation in vivo. These studies suggest that the VEGF-A signaling pathway is enhanced in ECS cells and is in part responsible the ability of these cells to form aggressive and highly vascularized tumors. Citation Format: Dan Grun, Gautam Adhikary, Richard Eckert. Cancer stem cell-induced vascularization of skin cancer tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4071. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4071
A Study on Collection and Analysis Method of Malicious URLs Based on Darknet Traffic for Advanced Security Monitoring and Response (2014)

국내 외 해킹공격 전담 대응조직(CERTs)들은 침해사고 피해 최소화 및 사전예방을 위해 탐지패턴 기반의 보안장비 등을 활용하여 사이버공격에 대한 탐지 분석 대응(즉, 보안관제)을 수행하고 있다. 그러나 패턴기반의 보안관제체계는 해킹공격을 탐지 및 차단하기 위해 미리 정의된 탐지규칙에 근거하여 알려진 공격에 대해서만 대응이 가능하기 때문에 신 변종 공격에 대한 대응은 어려운 실정이다. 최근 국내 외에서는 기존 보안관제의 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 다크넷이라는 기술을 활용한 연구가 주목을 받고 있다. 다크넷은 미사용 중인 IP주소의 집합을 의미하며, 실제 시스템이 존재하지 않는 다크넷으로 유입된 패킷들은 악성코드에 감염된 시스템이나 해커에 의한 공격행위로 간주 될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 효율적인 보안관제 수행을 위한 다크넷 트래픽 기반의 악성 URL 수집 및 분석방법을 제안한다. 제안방법은 국내 연구기관의 협력을 통해 확보한 8,192개(C클래스 32개)의 다크넷으로 유입된 전체 패킷을 수집하였으며, 정규표현식을 사용하여 패킷에 포함된 모든 URL을 추출하고 이에 대한 심층 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구의 분석을 통해 얻어진 결과는 대규모 네트워크에서 발생하고 있는 사이버 위협상황에 대한 신속 정확한 관측이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 추출한 악성 URL을 보안관제에 적용(보안장비 탐지패턴, DNS 싱크홀 등)함으로서 해킹공격에 대한 사이버위협 대응체계를 고도화하는데 목적을 둔다. Domestic and international CERTs are carrying out security monitoring and response services based on security devices for intrusion incident prevention and damage minimization of the organizations. However, the security monitoring and response service has a fatal limitation in that it is unable to detect unknown attacks that are not matched to the predefined signatures. In recent, many approaches have adopted the darknet technique in order to overcome the limitation. Since the darknet means a set of unused IP addresses, no real systems connected to the darknet. Thus, all the incoming traffic to the darknet can be regarded as attack activities. In this paper, we present a collection and analysis method of malicious URLs based on darkent traffic for advanced security monitoring and response service. The proposed method prepared 8,192 darknet space and extracted all of URLs from the darknet traffic, and carried out in-depth analysis for the extracted URLs. The analysis results can contribute to the emergence response of large-scale cyber threats and it is able to improve the performance of the security monitoring and response if we apply the malicious URLs into the security devices, DNS sinkhole service, etc.
Conformational activation of ADAMTS13 (2014)

A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs 13 (ADAMTS13) is a metalloprotease that regulates von Willebrand factor (VWF) function. ADAMTS13-mediated proteolysis is determined by conformational changes in VWF, but also may depend on its own conformational activation. Kinetic analysis of WT ADAMTS13 revealed ∼ 2.5-fold reduced activity compared with ADAMTS13 lacking its C-terminal tail (MDTCS) or its CUB1-2 domains (WTΔCUB1-2), suggesting that the CUB domains naturally limit ADAMTS13 function. Consistent with this suggestion, WT ADAMTS13 activity was enhanced ∼ 2.5-fold by preincubation with either an anti-CUB mAb (20E9) or VWF D4CK (the natural binding partner for the CUB domains). Furthermore, the isolated CUB1-2 domains not only bound MDTCS, but also inhibited activity by up to 2.5-fold. Interestingly, a gain-of-function (GoF) ADAMTS13 spacer domain variant (R568K/F592Y/R660K/Y661F/Y665F) was ∼ 2.5-fold more active than WT ADAMTS13, but could not be further activated by 20E9 mAb or VWF D4CK and was unable to bind or to be inhibited by the CUB1-2 domains, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of the CUB domains involve an interaction with the spacer domain that is disrupted in GoF ADAMTS13. Electron microscopy demonstrated a "closed" conformation of WT ADAMTS13 and suggested a more "open" conformation for GoF ADAMTS13. The cryptic spacer domain epitope revealed by conformational unfolding also represents the core antigenic target for autoantibodies in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. We propose that ADAMTS13 circulates in a closed conformation, which is maintained by a CUB-spacer domain binding interaction. ADAMTS13 becomes conformationally activated on demand through interaction of its C-terminal CUB domains with VWF, making it susceptible to immune recognition.
Connective Tissue Remodeling: Cross-Talk between Endothelins and Matrix Metalloproteinases (2005)

Connective tissue remodeling is achieved by a complex process involving several cell types, a plethora of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM). The main enzymes that degrade ECM molecules are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their activities are regulated by endogenous inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Recent studies have indicated that endothelins and their receptor expression affects tissue remodeling and repair. Endothelins are rapidly produced by endothelial cells in response to tissue injury and they have potent vasoconstrictive properties. They also promote tissue remodeling through activation of resident connective tissue cells and controlling the production of MMPs and TIMPs by the activated cells. In this review we present the cross-talk between the endothelins and the MMP-TIMP system and their implications in controlling the normal and abnormal tissue remodeling.
Factors predicting the subjective well-being of nations. (1995)

Subjective well-being (SWB) in 55 nations, reported in probability surveys and a large college student sample, was correlated with social, economic, and cultural characteristics of the nations. The SWB surveys, representing nations that include three fourths of the earth's population, showed strong convergence. Separate measures of the predictor variables also converged and formed scales with high reliability, with the exception of the comparison variables. High income, individualism, human rights, and societal equality correlated strongly with each other, and with SWB across surveys. Income correlated with SWB even after basic need fulfillment was controlled. Only individualism persistently correlated with SWB when other predictors were controlled. Cultural homogeneity, income growth, and income comparison showed either low or inconsistent relations with SWB.
Triazines and related products. Part XIII. Decomposition of 4-Arylamino-1,2,3-benzotriazines and their precursors in secondary amines (1974)

4-Arylamino-1,2,3-benzotriazines (1) decompose in piperidine and related secondary amines to afford NNN′-trisubstituted 2-aminobenzamidines (4) in excellent yields. 4-o-Aminoanilinobenzotriazine (1f) yields 2-(2-aminophenyl)benzimidazole (9) when heated in ethylene glycol or piperidine. Nucleophilic attack by the amines at C-4 of the triazine ring is implicated in these transformations. 1-o-Cyanophenyl-3-m-cyanophenyltriazene (13a) is unreactive in piperidine whereas the p-cyanophenyltriazene isomer (13b) yields 2-amino-N′-p-cyanophenyl-NN-pentamethylenebenzamidine (4b). 1,3-Bis-o-cyanophenyltriazene (13c) rearranges and decomposes in boiling piperidine, pyrrolidine, morpholine, diethylamine, di-n-propylamine, and piperazine to afford the triazenylquinazolines (19)–(24), respectively.
Luteal phase support in infertility treatment: a meta-analysis of the randomized trials (2002)

Given the increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome associated with hCG use, i.m. progesterone is favoured for luteal phase supplementation with the addition of estrogen.
HAE international home therapy consensus document (2010)

Hereditary angioedema (C1 inhibitor deficiency, HAE) is associated with intermittent swellings which are disabling and may be fatal. Effective treatments are available and these are most useful when given early in the course of the swelling. The requirement to attend a medical facility for parenteral treatment results in delays. Home therapy offers the possibility of earlier treatment and better symptom control, enabling patients to live more healthy, productive lives. This paper examines the evidence for patient-controlled home treatment of acute attacks ('self or assisted administration') and suggests a framework for patients and physicians interested in participating in home or self-administration programmes. It represents the opinion of the authors who have a wide range of expert experience in the management of HAE.
Natural Abundance Carbon Isotope Composition of Isoprene Reflects Incomplete Coupling between Isoprene Synthesis and Photosynthetic Carbon Flow (2003)

Isoprene emission from leaves is dynamically coupled to photosynthesis through the use of primary and recent photosynthate in the chloroplast. However, natural abundance carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) measurements in myrtle (Myrtus communis), buckthorn (Rhamnus alaternus), and velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) showed that only 72% to 91% of the variations in the delta(13)C values of fixed carbon were reflected in the delta(13)C values of concurrently emitted isoprene. The results indicated that 9% to 28% carbon was contributed from alternative, slow turnover, carbon source(s). This contribution increased when photosynthesis was inhibited by CO(2)-free air. The observed variations in the delta(13)C of isoprene under ambient and CO(2)-free air were consistent with contributions to isoprene synthesis in the chloroplast from pyruvate associated with cytosolic Glc metabolism. Irrespective of alternative carbon source(s), isoprene was depleted in (13)C relative to mean photosynthetically fixed carbon by 4 per thousand to 11 per thousand. Variable (13)C discrimination, its increase by partially inhibiting isoprene synthesis with fosmidomicin, and the associated accumulation of pyruvate suggested that the main isotopic discrimination step was the deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase reaction.
Shader components (2017)

Modern game engines seek to balance the conflicting goals of high rendering performance and productive software development. To improve CPU performance, the most recent generation of real-time graphics APIs provide new primitives for performing efficient batch updates to shader parameters. However, modern game engines featuring large shader codebases have struggled to take advantage of these benefits. The problem is that even though shader parameters can be organized into efficient modules bound to the pipeline at various frequencies, modern shading languages lack corresponding primitives to organize shader logic (requiring these parameters) into modules as well. The result is that complex shaders are typically compiled to use a monolithic block of parameters, defeating the design, and performance benefits, of the new parameter binding API. In this paper we propose to resolve this mismatch by introducing shader components , a first-class unit of modularity in a shader program that encapsulates a unit of shader logic and the parameters that must be bound when that logic is in use. We show that by building sophisticated shaders out of components, we can retain essential aspects of performance (static specialization of the shader logic in use and efficient update of parameters at component granularity) while maintaining the modular shader code structure that is desirable in today's high-end game engines.
Subpicosecond carrier dynamics in low-temperature grown GaAs on Si substrates (1999)

This letter describes time-resolved differential reflection measurements on low-temperature grown GaAs on (100) Si substrates. The carrier recombination depends sensitively on growth and anneal conditions. The differential reflectance signals of samples annealed at 600 °C are dominated by an exponential subpicosecond transient, which can be as short as 370 fs. Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy show that the films are comparably smooth or smoother than other GaAs material grown on Si. X-ray diffraction indicates tensile strain in the films, which is explained by the different thermal expansion coefficients of GaAs and Si.