gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full audio software solution for a 16-bit DSP core for digital audio decoder LSI (1998)

This paper provides an overview of the methods used to create a software library that supports digital audio, including Dolby Digital, Pro Logic, MPEG audio and linear PCM, using a 16-bit general-purpose processor. In order to achieve 20-bit decoding precision at a operating frequency of less than 40 MHz using a microprocessor equipped with DSP functions based on a 16-bit multiplier, we propose a technique that uses fixed-point DSP to reduce the execution cycles for a double-precision multiplications and butterfly operations and adds a microprocessor instruction to reduce the data transmission time. In addition, we have developed a single-chip Dolby Digital decoder that has a multimedia processor with 16-bit fixed-point DSP functions and implements Dolby Digital and Pro Logic algorithms, and have evaluated the effectiveness of the methods we have proposed.
New organosoluble and thermally stable poly(amide‐imide)s with benzoxazole or benzothiazole pendent groups: synthesis and characterization (2010)

Abstract Two new benzoxazole or benzothiazole‐containing diimide‐dicarboxylic acid monomers, such as 2‐[3,5‐bis( N ‐trimellitimidoyl)phenyl]benzoxazole ( 2 o ) or 2‐[3,5‐bis( N ‐trimellitimidoyl)phenyl]benzothiazole ( 2 s ) were synthesized from the condensation reaction between 3,5‐diaminobenzoic acid and 2‐aminophenol or 2‐aminothiophenol in polyphosphoric acid (PPA) with subsequent reaction of trimellitic anhydride in the presence of glacial acetic acid, respectively, and two new series of modified aromatic poly(amide‐imide)s were prepared. This preparation was done with pendent benzoxazole or benzothiazole units from the newly synthesized diimide‐dicarboxylic acid and various aromatic diamines by triphenyl phosphite‐activated polycondensation. In addition, the corresponding unsubstituted poly(amide‐imide)s were prepared under identical experimental conditions for comparative purposes. Characterization of polymers was accomplished by inherent viscosity measurements, FT‐IR, UV–visible, 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The polymers were obtained in quantitative yields with inherent viscosities between 0.39 and 0.81 dl g −1 . The solubilities of modified poly(amide‐imide)s in common organic solvents as well as their thermal stability were enhanced compared to those of the corresponding unmodified poly(amide‐imide)s. The glass transition temperature, 10% weight loss temperature, and char yields at 800°C were, respectively, 7–26°C, 17–46°C and 2–5% higher than those of the unmodified polymers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic myeloid leukemia, BCR/ABL transcript, response to alpha-interferon and survival. The Italian Cooperative Study Group on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. (1995)

There is increasing evidence for a relationship between specific genomic alterations and the distinctive features of leukemia, including the course and the response to treatment. In Philadelphia (Ph) positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) the BCR/ABL fusion genes can be transcribed in at least two different mRNAs that can either include (a2b3) or exclude (a2b2) the exon 3 of the major breakpoint cluster region in chromosome 22. We identified by polymerase chain reaction the transcript type in 146 patients with Ph+ CML who were enrolled in a prospective study of treatment with alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) for at least 1 year, and were followed for 39 to 84 months (median 60 months). The transcript was a2b3 in 84 cases (57%) and a2b2 in 62 cases (43%). A trend in favor of a2b3 cases was observed, as to the karyotypic response after 1 year of alpha-IFN treatment (39% in the a2b3 cases vs 24% in the a2b2 cases) and 5-year survival rate, that was 71% (95% CI 59-82) in a2b3 cases vs 57% (95% CI 41-73) in a2b2 cases. However, these differences were not significant, and we conclude that the identification of the transcript type by current methodology does not predict for response to alpha-IFN and for prognosis. Further studies may be required to confirm that conclusion, or to detect a true smaller difference.
Accurate frequency estimation using an all-pole filter with mostly zero coefficients (1982)

An all-pole Lth order filter with only M (M < L) nonzero coefficients is used to estimate accurately the frequencies of M closely spaced sinusoidal signals in noise. The method eliminates redundancy in the linear prediction equations which caused the spurious spectral peaks observed in previously known methods [3], [4]. Since most filter coefficients are zero, the computational effort required is small.
Middleware support for protecting personal data from web based data services (2007)

Web based data services are very popular with the average computer user. Examples of such services include Gmail.com, Yahoo Photos, Yahoo Briefcase and Amazon S3 Service. The user outsources personal data to such services. Such services have many advantages which include: a) Mobile access: The data can be accessed from any computer connected to the internet; b) Availability: the data is available 24/7; c) Good service: Typically such services employ experts who provide a quality service. However, such a model does raise some fundamental questions concerning data privacy and security. The data is stored in plaintext at the service provider and is vulnerable to data theft from disgruntled employees and internet thieves.
Handling the Convergence of Mobile Sub-networks in a Personal Distributed Environment (2006)

A personal distributed environment (PDE) is a personal communications concept designed for future mobile communications. In a single PDE, there exist several subnetworks hosting devices located across the infrastructure, which will inter-work with one another through the coordination of a device management entity (DME). Some of these sub-networks are fixed and some are mobile. One of the issues concerning the mobile sub-networks in a PDE is the convergence and de-convergence of mobile sub-networks. In this paper a comparison is made between two approaches proposed to handle the convergence and de-convergence of mobile sub-networks by use of a detailed simulation model.
Thrombosis and Pregnancy in Congenital Deficiencies in AT III, Protein C or Protein S: Study of 78 Women (1990)

In patients with congenital deficiency in AT III, PC or PS, the risk of venous thromboembolism is increased and the first episode of thrombosis is frequently observed before the age of 40: pregnancy is often the precipitating condition
Comparison of centroid computation algorithms in a Shack-Hartmann sensor (2006)

Analytical theory is combined with extensive numerical simulations to compare different flavours of centroiding algorithms: thresholding, weighted centroid, correlation, quad cell (QC). For each method, optimal parameters are defined in function of photon flux, readout noise and turbulence level. We find that at very low flux the noise of QC and weighted centroid leads the best result, but the latter method can provide linear and optimal response if the weight follows spot displacements. Both methods can work with average flux as low as 10 photons per subaperture under a readout noise of three electrons. At high-flux levels, the dominant errors come from non-linearity of response, from spot truncations and distortions and from detector pixel sampling. It is shown that at high flux, centre of gravity approaches and correlation methods are equivalent (and provide better results than QC estimator) as soon as their parameters are optimized. Finally, examples of applications are given to illustrate the results obtained in the paper.
Varicose vein surgery: patient satisfaction. (1995)

Surgery for varicose veins is a common surgical procedure performed for various indications including cosmesis. Patient satisfaction with the eventual outcome is therefore important. A total of 311 patients (68%), who underwent varicose vein surgery during a 10-year period, replied to a postal survey of 456 patients [National Health Service (NHS) 327: private patients (PP) 129]. Of those 311, 19% of the NHS patients compared with 34% of the PP were completely satisfied with the surgery, the communication and had had no post-operative complications (P < 0.01). Twenty-six per cent of the NHS patients were very dissatisfied with their treatment compared with 13% of the PP (P < 0.025). The majority of dissatisfied patients were female (P < 0.005). These results suggest that while varicose vein surgery is regarded as a safe and often minor procedure, it is associated with a significant surgical morbidity and patient dissatisfaction. Patients should be made aware of the potential outcome prior to surgery.
UPTAKE PROPERTIES OF PALLADIUM FOR BIOPOLYMER MICROCAPSULES ENCLOSING CYANEX 302 EXTRACTANT (2001)

An extractant having a strong affinity for palladium, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 302), was enclosed into microcapsules by mixing with a biopolymer, calcium alginate gel polymer. The uptake of Pd2+ and other metal ions in the microcapsules was investigated; a relatively large distribution coefficient of Pd2+, K d,Pd, of above 103 cm3/g was obtained around 0.1 M HNO3, and there was a large difference in K d value between Pd2+ and other metal ions. The uptake of Pd2+ on microcapsules followed a Langmuir-type uptake isotherm. The microcapsules were packed into a column and then a separation of Pd2+ was performed.
DOUBLE-TALK RESISTANT ACOUSTIC ECHO CANCELLER WITH DOUBLE FILTERS (2003)

This paper proposes double-talk resistant echo canceller with double filters, one for echo-path estimation and one for echo cancellation. An adaptive step-size algorithm based on the cross-correlation between the echo replica and the near-end speech is used for the echo-path identification. The filter co-efficients are copied from the estimation filter to the cancel-lation filter only when the cross-correlation is small enough. Computer simulation results show that the proposed algo-rithm successfully reduces echoes in a double-talk period. The tracking capability of the proposed algorithm for echo path changes is almost comparable to that of a previously proposed double-filter algorithm with fast transversal filter. 1.
Midinfrared supercontinuum generation from 2 to 6  μm in a silicon nanowire (2015)

Silicon has attracted great interest as a platform for both linear and nonlinear integrated photonics for over 15 years. While its primary applications have been in the telecom window (near 1.5 mu-m), the capability of exploiting its full transparency window to 8 mu-m in the mid-IR is highly attractive, since this will open it up to entirely new applications in fields such as spectroscopy, chemical and biological sensing, and free-space communications. However, while silicon-on-insulator has shown great promise just beyond the telecommunications window [to the shortwave IR band (2.5 mu-m)], its wavelength range has been limited to < 4 mu-m by absorption in the silica cladding layer. Here, we demonstrate octave-spanning supercontinuum generation in silicon, covering a continuous spectral range from 1.9 to beyond 6 mu-m in dispersion-engineered silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) nanowires. This represents both the widest spectrum and longest wavelength generated to date in any silicon platform, and establishes SOS as a promising new platform for integrated nonlinear photonics in the mid-IR.
Novel Device for Inputting Handwriting Trajectory (2001)

A pen-shaped input apparatus for inputting drawings, symbols, characters into a data processing device, such as a computer, is developed. It can trace a handwritten 2-dimensional trajectory using built-in inertial sensors. As sensors, it has 3 accelerometers and 3 gyroscopes. By detecting accelerations about 3 axes and angular rates around them as 6 degrees of freedom, it can represent the 2-dimensional trajectory of the pen tip after additional calculation. Velocity correction enables precise trajectories to be represented with a small integration error. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of this device as a handwritten input apparatus.
Limits to the Development of Fast Neuromuscular Transmission in Zebrafish (2001)

Zebrafish embryos have small and slow miniature end-plate currents (mEPCs), whereas only a few days later larval mEPCs are an order of magnitude larger and faster, being among the fastest of all neuromuscular synapses. To identify the bases for these changes we compared, in embryos and larvae, the properties and distributions of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (AChRs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as well as the ultrastructure of the developing neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). To mimic synaptic release, patches of muscle membrane were exposed briefly (for 1 ms) to a saturating concentration (10 mM) of ACh. The AChR deactivation kinetics were twice as slow in embryos compared with larvae. In both embryos and larvae, AChRs demonstrated open channel block by millimolar ACh, and this was detected during mEPCs, indicating that a high concentration of ACh is released at immature and mature NMJs. AChR and AChE distributions were compared using the selective fluorescently conjugated labels alpha-bungarotoxin and fasciculin 2, respectively. In larvae, punctate AChR clusters were detected whereas junctional AChE staining was less intense than that found at adult NMJs. Transmission electron microscopy revealed immature nerve endings in embryos that were closely juxtaposed to the surrounding muscle cells, whereas mature larval NMJs had a wider synaptic cleft with a conspicuous basal lamina over a limited region of synaptic contact. Our results indicate that ACh is released at high concentrations at immature NMJs, but its clearance is prolonged and the AChRs are dispersed, resulting in a slow mEPC time course until a mature cleft appears with densely packed faster AChRs and abundant AChE.
Hyperthermophilic procaryotes (1996)

Hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria with optimal growth temperatures between 80C and 110C have been isolated from geothermal and hydrothermal environments. By 16S rRNA sequence comparisons, they exhibit a great phylogenetic diversity indicated by 25 different genera. Hyperthermophiles consist of anaerobic and aerobic chemolithoautotrophs and heterotrophs growing at neutral or acidic pH. Based on their outstanding heat resistance they are interesting objects the same for basic research as for biotechnology.
Hexane and heptane as extraction solvents for cottonseed: A laboratory‐scale study (1995)

Abstract For many years, commercial‐grade hexane has been the preferred solvent for extracting oil from cottonseed. Recent environmental and health concerns about hexane may limit the use of this solvent; therefore, the need for a replacement solvent has become an important issue. Heptane is similar to hexane, but does not have the environmental and health concerns associated with the latter. On a laboratory scale, delinted, dehulled, ground cottonseed was extracted with hexane and heptane. The solvent‐to‐meal ratio was 10:1 (vol/wt). The yield and quality of the oil and meal extracted by heptane were similar to that extracted by hexane. Extraction temperature was higher for heptane than for hexane. A higher temperature and a longer time were required to desolventize miscella from the heptane extraction than from the hexane extraction. Based on these studies, heptane offers a potential alternative to hexane for extracting oil from cottonseed.
Functional verification of system level model refinements (2005)

With continuous improvement in process technology, designers have more resources than ever available for implementing their systems. As applications become larger, the modeling abstraction has to rise to keep the complexity manageable. This has given rise to modeling at abstractions above the register transfer and cycle accurate levels. Verification becomes an even greater challenge as designers try to develop more models to evaluate their implementation choices. In this dissertation we present our verification strategy to alleviate the problems resulting from the move to system level. We argue our case for a system level modeling and verification methodology where detailed models are refined from abstract models. The models are represented formally using Model Algebra and the refinements are proven to be functionality preserving, using the rules of Model Algebra. 
We define the objects and composition rules of Model Algebra and show how system level models are represented as expressions in this formalism. The formal execution semantics of such models are discussed and a notion for functional equivalence of models is also presented. We then define transformation rules that syntactically modify a model algebraic expression, while keeping its functionality intact. Then we present key refinements that are commonly encountered in system level design and prove the correctness of those refinements using the transformation rules of Model Algebra. As a proof of concept, we implemented a tool that automatically checks if the refinements were performed correctly on SpecC models. As a result, the designer needs to perform the costly and time consuming property verification on the first model only. All step wise refinements from the original model are proven to produce functionally equivalent models.
Inheritance of mature fruit color in Capsicum annuum L. (1985)

The inheritance of mature fruit color in Capsicum annuum L. was determined by the interaction of three independent pairs of genes. Eight phenotypes were identified in the F2 segregation of the white by red fruit cross. Two genes were interacting in the crosses white by orange-yellow, and red by lemon-yellow; and only one in the orange-yellow by lemon-yellow cross. All earlier reports of single gene inheritance between red and yellow fruited peppers were the result of the use of an orange-yellow rather than lemon-yellow parental material.
On the compressive strength prediction for concrete masonry prisms (2009)

The results of a combined experimental program and numerical modeling program to evaluate the behavior of ungrouted hollow concrete blocks prisms under uniaxial compression are addressed. In the numerical program, three distinct approaches have been considered using a continuum model with a smeared approach, namely plane-stress, plane-strain and three-dimensional conditions. The response of the numerical simulations is compared with experimental data of masonry prisms using concrete blocks specifically designed for this purpose. The elastic and inelastic parameters were acquired from laboratory tests on concrete and mortar samples that constitute the blocks and the bed joint of the prisms. The results from the numerical simulations are discussed with respect to the ability to reproduce the global response of the experimental tests, and with respect to the failure behavior obtained. Good agreement between experimental and numerical results was found for the peak load and for the failure mode using the three-dimensional model, on four different sets of block/mortar types. Less good agreement was found for plain stress and plain strain models.
Organic Donor–Acceptor System Exhibiting Electrical Bistability for Use in Memory Devices (2005)

An all-organic electrically bistable device and its application in non-volatile memory is reported. The switching mechanism is attributed to electric-field-induced charge transfer from an organic electron donor to an acceptor, so that the device switches from a low- to a high-conductivity state. This device provides a new direction for data-storage technology based on organic composites.
Absolute position measurement using optical detection of coded patterns (1988)

Discusses absolute, one- and two-dimensional position measurement using optical detection of coded patterns. A one-dimensional position transducer is described in which both absolute and incremental information are optically encoded on a single track. This concept is extended to a two-dimensional position encoder and both small-scale applications in instrumentation and large-scale applications in the navigation of guided vehicles are described. The performance of laboratory demonstration systems illustrates the feasibility of these concepts.
Resonant electromagnetism in photonic crystals composed of triangular-arrayed rods with both dielectric constant and magnetic permeability functions (2004)

The modified frequency-domain method was used to simulate the photonic properties of triangular-arrayed rods surrounded by air and possessing nonunity dielectric and magnetic permeability functions. It was found that the photonic bandgap becomes broader for the TE mode when material with higher magnetic permeability and lower dielectric constant is used for rods as compared with that of purely dielectric rods with the same refractive index, whereas the gap is reduced for the TM mode. We further examined the photonic characteristics of the photonic-crystal cavity formed when a point defect is introduced into the rod array. With a fixed refractive index of the rods, the resonant frequency of the TE mode in the first band gap is lower and the electromagnetic energy concentration at the point defect is higher when material with higher magnetic permeability and lower dielectric constant is used for the rods. The opposite was found for the TM mode.
Alternative Technical Summary Report: Electrometallurgical Treatment Variant (1995)

Immobilization is the fixation of the surplus fissile materials in an acceptable matrix such as glass or ceramics to create an environmentally benign form for disposal in a repository. In addition to the traditional characteristics required of an immobilization form to achieve isolation of the fissile material from the biosphere over geologic times, the immobilization form for the Fissile Materials Disposition Program (FMDP) must also possess the property that it is inherently as unattractive and inaccessible as the fissile material from commercial spent fuel. This latter requirement is similar to the wording of the ''spent fuel standard'' invoked in the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) study on plutonium disposition. High-level wastes (HLW) or separated cesium ({sup 137}Cs), can be added with the fissile material into the waste form to create a radiation field that increases the proliferation resistance and decreases reuse by the host nation in the following ways: (1) Plutonium will be diluted with elements that must be removed by extensive chemical processing to return it to weapons-usable purity; (2) The immobilized plutonium canisters will contain approximately 2 tonnes (2000 kg; 2.2 tons) of mass, thereby forcing the use of heavy equipment to move the canisters; (3) A gamma radiation barrier will be added to the immobilized plutonium canisters; the present concept is to add a radiation barrier that is greater than 1 Gy (100 rad) per hour at 1 m (3 ft) 30 years after fabrication; (4) These canisters will then be sealed in casks and emplaced into drifts in a federal repository where they will be monitored for 100 years before the repository is sealed. This immobilization process is shown conceptually in Figure 1. In the electrometallurgical treatment (ET) variant, plutonium-rich residues are shipped to existing Argonne National Laboratory-West (ANL-W) facilities where the plutonium is converted to plutonium chloride, dissolved in a molten salt solution, sorbed on zeolites, and then immobilized in a glass-bonded zeolite (GBZ) waste form. The immobilization operations will be performed in facilities and equipment that are being prepared to treat Department of Energy (DOE)-owned spent fuels in the ANL-W hot cells. Costs are also estimated for a secondary case for simultaneous plutonium disposition and spent fuel treatment. The fission products from these fuels may contribute some radiation to the immobilization forms, but the {sup 137}Cs from the Hanford capsules will provide most of the radiation field to create a radiation barrier.