gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linearity improvement of open-loop NMOS source-follower sample and hold circuits (2011)

A new open-loop sample and hold (S/H) circuit is proposed for high-speed sampled data applications. The open-loop S/H circuit uses the source-follower configuration, for its high speed, low power consumption, small area and low circuit complexity. In order to achieve high linearity, a body effect cancellation technique is proposed which is based on proper modulation of the bias current of the source-follower transistor. Simulated by HSPICE with a standard BSIM3v3 0.18 µm CMOS technology, the pseudo-differential open-loop S/H achieves over 76 dB spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) for a 1.6 Vppd output at 200 MHz sampling frequency. The S/H dissipates 12.5 mW power from a 1.8 V supply.
The Front Line (2007)

Did the sand-crab's shrinking step ever draw and keep a sunlit profile? If you’re waiting for a sculptor, breathing itself is what I’d try to cut. Some graveyard-shift prophet's cursing the back alleys, his choicest brimstone aimed at a sprawl of lush-lifers immersed in lukewarm media behind their shades: Funguses, nighthawks, you whose lungs and substance decompose in blank rooms wrung emptier by echoes, have you never hung up your phones, stubbed out Camels and asked why you’ve clung to shreds of a thug's flung-down arrogance? Elsewhere and outside, we’re the fiddle tucked under pleasure's chin, a high-wire ensemble coaxing front-line alchemy and catgut standards to dialogue the project.
Interaction of cisplatin and carboplatin with sodium thiosulfate: reaction rates and protein binding. (1986)

Toxicity of cisplatin can be decreased by concomitant administration of sodium thiosulfate, which perhaps chemically inactivates this platinum compound. We studied the disappearance of cisplatin and carboplatin in aqueous solutions of thiosulfate at 37 degrees C by means of liquid chromatography. At initial concentrations that were similar to therapeutic concentrations in plasma, both drugs disappeared, with half-lives of 66 and 537 min for cisplatin and carboplatin, respectively. At higher thiosulfate concentrations, as found in urine, the respective half-lives were 3.7 and 33.8 min. These values suggest that direct chemical interaction in the plasma compartment has limited therapeutic consequences, whereas the anti-toxic effect of thiosulfate might be explained by the rapid inactivation of cisplatin in the kidneys. Reaction products of cisplatin and thiosulfate bound instantaneously and mainly reversibly to plasma proteins. Protein-bound cisplatin was not released by added thiosulfate--which may explain why thiosulfate, to be effective, must be given in advance of and during cisplatin administration.
A decentralized dynamic route guidance system (2002)

A decentralized system based on a recursive algorithm that resolves in a simple way the dynamic route guidance is presented. The road network can have any shape. The algorithm only requires the transit times among the arcs linking all the nodes of the road network. The algorithm works in an autonomous mode, minimizing the route length. The convergence time of the algorithm depends on the network dimension, although for networks with less than 10 nodes the algorithm needs less than 10 iterations. Software called Autoguide has been developed to perform the simulation of the dynamic route guidance system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bioactive products from Streptomyces. (2000)

Publisher Summary Antibiotics are defined as microbial products that inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. After the antibacterial effect of penicillin that had been observed by Fleming, a number of other antibiotics were discovered, mainly those produced by soil “ Streptomyces ” spp. and molds. In addition to antibiotics, the following compounds have been found: coccidiostatics used in poultry farming, antiparasitic compounds with a broad spectrum of activity against nematodes and arthropods, substances with antitumor activity, immunosuppressants, thrombolytics, and compounds affecting blood pressure. Microbial metabolites exhibit good herbicide and pesticide activities and are biodegradable. However, microbial herbicides and pesticides are not widely used due to their high price. Another special group of natural products are the enzyme inhibitors synthesized by microorganisms. Some macrolide antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces are also immunosuppressant. Secondary metabolites are compounds that the microorganism can synthesize but are not essential for basic metabolic processes such as growth and reproduction.
Molecular Mechanisms and New Treatment Paradigm for Atrial Fibrillation (2016)

This study provides insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to atrial fibrillation by inflammation and represents a paradigm shift from conventional antiarrhythmic drugs, which block downstream events to a novel upstream therapeutic target by counteracting the inflammatory processes in atrial fibrillation.
Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles Embedded in the Shell Layer of Core−Shell Poly(styrene-<i>co</i>-4-vinylpyridine) Micospheres and Their Application in Catalysis (2008)

The noble metal nanoparticles of Pd, Au, and Ag embedded in the shell layer of core−shell poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine) micospheres were synthesized, and the catalytic activity of the shell-embedded Pd nanoparticles was investigated. To increase the accessible active site and therefore increase the catalytic activity of noble metal nanoparticles, the in situ synthesized noble metal nanoparticles are selectively immobilized in the outer shell layer of the core−shell poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine) microspheres, which are synthesized by one-stage soap-free emulsion polymerization in water and contain a core of polystyrene and a coordinative shell of poly(4-vinylpyridine). It is found the Pd nanoparticles embedded in the shell layer of the core−shell micospheres are an efficient and easily reusable catalyst for Suzuki reactions performed in water.
Emerging insights into Transforming growth factor   Smad signal in hepatic fibrogenesis (2007)

rrespective of initial stimuli, increased production of type I collagen is a common hallmark of fibrotic diseases in various organs including the liver. A dynamic balance between the production and degradation of collagen is seen, which is rigorously controlled by several growth factors and cytokines. Of these, transforming growth factor b (TGFb) is the most potent factor in stimulating type I collagen gene transcription. It also regulates expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, and modulates inflammatory reactions by influencing T cell functions. Therefore, TGFb is considered to be the major factor accelerating liver fibrosis. Identification and characterisation of Smad proteins, intracellular mediators of the signal transduction of TGFb, have led to a better understanding of the precise mechanisms of TGFb functions from the viewpoint of its intracellular signalling pathway and crosstalk with other factors. Several studies have focused on the suppression of TGFb activation and intervention of the TGFb/Smad signalling pathways to treat liver fibrosis. However, as generalised blockade of TGFb activity may result in the promotion of carcinogenesis and excessive immune reactions, much attention has to be paid to selective intervention of the TGFb/ Smad signal specifically in collagen-producing cells in the fibrotic tissue. TGFb also affects the growth and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells. From this point of view, a new concept of the treatment for liver fibrosis may arise from the discipline of stem cell biology by modulating TGFb and Smad signalling in stem/progenitor cells.
Das erste Oxogermanat mit „Stuffed Pyrgoms”: CsNa<sub>3</sub>Li<sub>8</sub>{Li[GeO<sub>4</sub>]}<sub>4</sub> (1995)

Abstract Durch Tempern der binären Oxide CsO 0,52 , NaO 0,45 , LiO 0,5 und GeO 2 im mol. Verhältnis 1,24:1,4:6,7:3,9 (Ni‐Bömbchen; 600°C/89 bzw. 65 d) wurden erstmals Einkristalle von CsNa 3 Li 8 {Li[GeO 4 ]} 4 in Form von schwachgelblichen Prismen sowie blaßgelbem Pulver erhalten: Raumgruppe I 4/ m (I. T. Nr. 87) mit a = 1 120,73(5); c = 651,64(5) pm; Z = 2; (Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten; Mo‐Kα; 5 152 I o ( hkl ); R = 1,7%; R w = 1,6%), Parameter siehe Text. Die Strukturbestimmung belegt die Isotypie mit CsKNaLi 9 {Li[SiO 4 ]} 4 , CsKNa 2 Li 8 {Li[SiO 4 ]} 4 und RbNa 3 Li 8 {Li[SiO 4 ]} 4 . Ferner werden der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie (MAPLE), Effektive Koordinationszahlen (ECoN), Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien (MEFIR) und die Ladungsverteilung (CHARDI) berechnet.
Multiple TFRC Connections Based Rate Control for Wireless Networks (2006)

Rate control is an important issue in video streaming applications for both wired and wireless networks. A widely accepted rate control method in wired networks is equation based rate control , in which the TCP friendly rate is determined as a function of packet loss rate, round trip time and packet size. This approach, also known as TCP friendly rate control (TFRC), assumes that packet loss in wired networks is primarily due to congestion, and as such is not applicable to wireless networks in which the bulk of packet loss is due to error at the physical layer. In this paper, we propose multiple TFRC connections as an end-to-end rate control solution for wireless video streaming. We show that this approach not only avoids modifications to the network infrastructure or network protocol, but also results in full utilization of the wireless channel. NS-2 simulations, actual experiments over 1 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$times$</tex> RTT CDMA wireless data network, and and video streaming simulations using traces from the actual experiments, are carried out to validate, and characterize the performance of our proposed approach.
Characterization of a Baculovirus Lacking the Alkaline Nuclease Gene (2004)

The Autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) alkaline nuclease (AN) associates with the baculovirus single-stranded DNA binding protein LEF-3 and possesses both a 5'-->3' exonuclease and an endonuclease activity. These activities are thought to be involved in DNA recombination and replication. To investigate the role of AN in AcMNPV replication, the lambda Red system was used to replace the an open reading frame with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) and a bacmid containing the AcMNPV genome in Escherichia coli. The AcMNPV an knockout bacmid (vAcAN-KO/GUS) was unable to propagate in Sf9 cells, although an an-rescued bacmid (vAcAN-KO/GUS-Res) propagated normally. In addition, the mutant did not appear to produce budded virions. These data indicated that an is an essential baculovirus gene. Slot blot and DpnI assays of DNA replication in Sf9 cells transfected with vAcAN-KO/GUS, vAcAN-KO/GUS-Res, and a wild-type bacmid showed that the vAcAN-KO/GUS bacmid was able to replicate to levels similar to those seen with the vAcAN-KO/GUS-Res and wild-type bacmids at early stages posttransfection. However, at later time points DNA did not accumulate to the levels seen with the repaired or wild-type bacmids. Northern analysis of Sf9 cells transfected with bacmid vAcAN-KO/GUS showed that transcription of late and very late genes was lower at later times posttransfection relative to the results seen with wild-type and vAcAN-KO/GUS-Res bacmids. These data suggest that the an gene might be involved in the maturation of viral DNA or packaging of the DNA into virions.
A New Lignan Glycoside and Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Strobilanthes cusia BREMEK (2004)

The root of Strobilanthes cusia BREMEK. (Acanthaceae), popularly known as Da-Ching-Yeh, has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is used to treat influenza, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, encephalitis B, viral pneumonia, mumps, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). In this study, we found a new lignan glycoside (6) and two new phenylethanoid glycosides (7, 8) together with five known compounds as chemical constituents of Strobilanthes cusia root. Some samples were examined for anti-herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) activity. Among the tested samples, lupeol showed anti-HSV-1 activity (EC(50): 11.7 microM) and showed 100% inhibition of virus plaque formation at 58.7 microM.
Listeriolysin O Secreted by <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> into the Host Cell Cytosol Is Degraded by the N-End Rule Pathway (2007)

The intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes escapes from a phagosomal compartment into the cytosol by secreting the pore-forming cytolysin listeriolysin O (LLO). During the proliferation of L. monocytogenes bacteria in the mammalian cell cytosol, the secreted LLO is targeted for degradation by the ubiquitin system. We report here that LLO is a substrate of the ubiquitin-dependent N-end rule pathway, which recognizes LLO through its N-terminal Lys residue. Specifically, we demonstrated by reverse-genetic and pharmacological methods that LLO was targeted for degradation by the N-end rule pathway in reticulocyte extracts and mouse NIH 3T3 cells and after its secretion by intracellular bacteria into the mouse cell cytosol. Replacing the N-terminal Lys of LLO with a stabilizing residue such as Val increased the in vivo half-life of LLO but did not strongly affect the intracellular growth or virulence of L. monocytogenes. Nevertheless, this replacement decreased the virulence of L. monocytogenes by nearly twofold, suggesting that a destabilizing N-terminal residue of LLO may stem from positive selection during the evolution of this and related bacteria. A double mutant strain of L. monocytogenes in which upregulated secretion of LLO was combined with a stabilizing N-terminal residue was severely toxic to infected mammalian cells, resulting in reduced intracellular growth of bacteria and an approximately 100-fold-lower level of virulence. In summary, we showed that LLO is degraded by the N-end rule pathway and that the degradation of LLO can reduce the toxicity of L. monocytogenes during infection, a property of LLO that may have been selected for its positive effects on fitness during the evolution of L. monocytogenes.
Superconducting State: Mechanisms and Properties (2014)

'Superconducting State' provides a very detailed theoretical treatment of the key mechanisms of superconductivity, including the current state of the art (phonons, magnons, and plasmons). A very complete description is given of the electron-phonon mechanism responsible for superconductivity in the majority of superconducting systems, and the history of its development, as well as a detailed description of the key experimental techniques used to study the superconducting state and determine the mechanisms. In addition, there are chapters describing the discovery and properties of the key superconducting compounds that are of the most interest for science, and applications including a special chapter on the cuprate superconductors. It provides detailed treatments of some very novel aspects of superconductivity, including multiple bands (gaps), the "pseudogap" state, novel isotope effects beyond BCS, and induced superconductivity.
Speech enhancement based on a new set of auditory constrained parameters (2002)

A speech enhancement technique is proposed, where auditory based properties of perception are investigated for the purpose of robust speech characterization and improved speech quality in additive background noise. Constraints based on a novel auditory spectral representation are developed in a dual-channel iterative Wiener filtering framework. The spectral representation model aspects of audition include critical band filtering, intensity to loudness conversion, and lateral inhibition. The auditory transformations and perceptual constraints are shown to result in an improved set of auditory constrained and enhanced linear prediction (ACE-LP) parameters. Objective measures and informal listening tests show improved speech quality for both white Gaussian and colored noise cases. The consistency of speech quality improvement is illustrated over time and across all phonemes from a set of phonetically labeled TIMIT database sentences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Güterpreisbildung (1994)

Die Wertlehre geht davon aus, daß ein wirtschaftliches Gut einen wirtschaftlichen Wert besitzt und normalerweise einen Preis erzielt. Der Preis ist demnach der Tauschwert eines Gutes (Ware, Dienstleistung oder Produktionsfaktor). Die folgenden Ausführungen beziehen sich auf die Güterpreise.
Decreased Postnatal Survival and Altered Body Weight Regulation in Procolipase-deficient Mice (2002)

In vitro, pancreatic triglyceride lipase requires colipase to restore activity in the presence of inhibitors, like bile acids. Presumably, colipase performs the same function in vivo, but little data supports that notion. Other studies suggest that colipase or its proform, procolipase, may have additional functions in appetite regulation or in fat digestion during the newborn period when pancreatic triglyceride lipase is not expressed. To identify the physiological role of procolipase, we created a mouse model of procolipase deficiency. The Clps-/- mice appeared normal at birth, but unexpectedly 60% died within the first 2 weeks of life. The survivors had fat malabsorption as newborns and as adults, but only when fed a high fat diet. On a low fat diet, the Clps-/- mice did not have steatorrhea. The Clps-/- pups had impaired weight gain and weighed 30% less than Clps+/+ or Clps+/- littermates. After weaning, the Clps-/- mice had normal rate of weight gain, but they maintained a reduced body weight compared with normal littermates even on a low fat diet. Despite the reduced body weight, the Clps-/- mice had a normal body temperature. To maintain their weight gain in the presence of steatorrhea, the Clps-/- mice had hyperphagia on a high fat diet. Clps-/- mice had normal intake on a low fat diet. We conclude that, in addition to its critical role in fat digestion, procolipase has essential functions in postnatal development and in regulating body weight set point.
Screening Systems for Detecting Inhibitors of Cell Wall Transglycosylation in Enterococcus.Cell Wall Transglycosylation Inhibitors in Enterococcus. (1998)

We devised two screening systems to detect cell wall transglycosylation inhibitors. One screen utilizes a mutant of Enterococcus faecalis strain A256 that is dependent on vancomycin or moenomycin for growth. In the absence of transglycosylation inhibitors the strain fails to grow, while in the presence of inhibitors, cells are rescued. A second screening organism E. faecalis strain MDD212 utilizes a translational fusion of the lacZ gene to the vanH promoter in a derivative of E. faecalis that contains a vancomycin resistance determinant. Induction of beta-galactosidase occurs when cells are exposed to inhibitors of transglycosylation. Our natural products drug source of fungal fermentations was tested with these screens. Several cultures that produced the same family of compounds, called the thielavins, were detected. Thielavin B inhibited the formation of peptidoglycan in an in vitro assay, suggesting that these screening systems can detect compounds that interfere with cell wall transglycosylation.
Obliq-3D: a high-level, fast-turnaround 3D animation system (1995)

Describes Obliq-3D, a high-level, fast-turnaround system for building 3D animations. Obliq-3D consists of an interpreted language that is embedded into a 3D animation library. This library is based on a few simple, yet powerful constructs that allow programmers to describe 3D scenes and animations of such scenes. By virtue of its interpretive nature, Obliq-3D provides a fast-turnaround environment. The combination of simplicity and fast turnaround allows programmers to construct nontrivial animations quickly and easily. The paper is divided into three major parts. The first part introduces the basic concepts of Obliq-3D, using a series of graduated examples. The second part shows how the system can be used to implement cone trees. The third part develops a complete animation of Dijkstra's (1959) shortest-path algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sensor shape design for piezoelectric cantilever beams to harvest vibration energy (2010)

Energy harvesting for the purpose of powering low power electronic sensor systems has received explosive attention in the last few years. A common device uses the piezoelectric effect for a cantilever beams at resonance to harvest ambient vibration energy. However most of these devices have a rectangular piezoelectric patch covering all or part of the beam. This paper considers the optimum design of such a device, and in particular investigates the effect that the size and shape of piezoelectric sensor has on the harvested energy. It is shown that significant increases in harvested energy may be obtained by optimising the sensor design.
Evidence that the Human Foamy Virus Genome Is DNA (1999)

The genomes of the spumaviruses, of which human foamy virus (HFV) is the prototype, are very similar to those of other complex retroviruses. However, in some aspects of the viral replicative cycle, HFV more closely resembles pararetroviruses such as hepatitis B virus. Previous work indicated that HFV extracellular particles contain apparently full-length double-stranded DNA, as well as RNA. We have further characterized the amount of DNA in particles and the role that this DNA has in viral replication. Experiments with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) suggest that reverse transcription is largely complete before extracellular virus infects new cells. In addition, we have been able to show that DNA extracted from virions can lead to production of virus after transfection. Taken together, these data suggest that complete, or nearly complete, proviral-length DNA is present in viral particles and that this DNA is sufficient for new rounds of viral replication.
Optical Analysis of a ZnO/Cu&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O Subcell in a Silicon-Based Tandem Heterojunction Solar Cell (2017)

Research on silicon-based tandem heterojunction solar cells (STHSC) incorporating metal oxides is one of the main directions for development of high-efficiency solar cells. In this work, the optical characteristics of a STHSC consisting of a ZnO/Cu2O subcell on top of a silicon-based subcell were studied by optical modelling. Cu2O is a direct-gap p-type semiconductor which is attractive for application in solar cells due to its high absorptance of ultra-violet and visible light, nontoxicity, and low-cost producibility. Highly Al-doped ZnO and undoped Cu2O thin films were prepared on quartz substrates by magnetron sputter deposition. Thermal annealing of the Cu2O layer at 900°C enhances the electrical properties and reduces optical absorption, presumably as a result of increased grain size. Hall effect measurements show that the majority carrier (hole) mobility increases from 10 to 50 cm2/V×s and the resistivity decreases from 560 to 200 Ω×cm after annealing. A Cu2O absorber layer of 2 μm thickness will generate about 10 mA/cm2 of photocurrent under AM1.5G illumination. The optical analysis of the STHSC involved calculating the spectral curves for absorptance, transmittance, and reflectance for different thicknesses of the thin film layers constituting the ZnO/Cu2O subcell. The complex refractive indices of the thin films were derived from spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements and implemented in the simulation model. The lowest reflectance and highest transmittance for the ZnO/Cu2O subcell are obtained for a thickness of approximately 80 nm for both the top and bottom AZO layers. The SiNx anti-reflection coating for the c-Si bottom subcell must be optimized to accommodate the shift of the photon spectrum towards longer wavelengths. By increasing the thickness of the SiNx layer from 80 nm to 120 nm, the total reflectance for the STHSC device is reduced from 12.7% to 9.7%.