gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Causal Inference Under Network Interference: A Framework for Experiments on Social Networks (2017)

No man is an island, as individuals interact and influence one another daily in our society. When social influence takes place in experiments on a population of interconnected individuals, the treatment on a unit may affect the outcomes of other units, a phenomenon known as interference. This thesis develops a causal framework and inference methodology for experiments where interference takes place on a network of influence (i.e. network interference). In this framework, the network potential outcomes serve as the key quantity and flexible building blocks for causal estimands that represent a variety of primary, peer, and total treatment effects. These causal estimands are estimated via principled Bayesian imputation of missing outcomes. The theory on the unconfoundedness assumptions leading to simplified imputation highlights the importance of including relevant network covariates in the potential outcome model. Additionally, experimental designs that result in balanced covariates and sizes across treatment exposure groups further improve the causal estimate, especially by mitigating potential outcome model mis-specification. The true potential outcome model is not typically known in real-world experiments, so the best practice is to account for interference and confounding network covariates through both balanced designs and model-based imputation. A full factorial simulated experiment is formulated to demonstrate this principle by comparing performance across different randomization schemes during the design phase and estimators during the analysis phase, under varying network topology and true potential outcome models. Overall, this thesis asserts that interference is not just a nuisance for analysis but rather an opportunity for quantifying and leveraging peer effects in real-world experiments.
FiberSense - Multi-touch Fibre Optic Sensing on Non-Planar Surfaces (2009)

Multi-touch interfaces based on light and optical fibres offer many advantages over alternative technologies. Existing multi-touch devices either use complex custom electronic sensor arrays, or a camera that must be placed relatively distant from the interface. FiberSense is an easily constructed light-sensing multi-touch interface. Using an array of optical fibres, reflected light is channelled to a camera. As the fibres are flexible the camera is free to be positioned so as to allow fibres to be routed anywhere within the interfaces. The resulting effect is a tangible interface that can be produced in any shape, with a complete surface of optical sensors. We describe our prototype, its novel calibration process, and virtual camera software used to easily take advantage of the device. © 2009 University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Printed and published by the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Computing Science, Claremont Tower, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England. Bibliographical details BARTINDALE, T., JACKSON, D., OLIVIER, P FiberSense Multi-touch Fibre Optic Sensing on Non-Planar Surfaces [By] T Bartindale, D Jackson, P. Olivier Newcastle upon Tyne: University of Newcastle upon Tyne: Computing Science, 2009. (University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Computing Science, Technical Report Series, No. CS-TR-1175)
The Spirit, Christian Practices, and the Religions: Theology of Religions in Pentecostal and Pneumatological Perspective (2007)

The discussion of Christian theology of religions has focused primarily so far on the question of whether or not the Christian understanding of salvation is available through other religions to their adherents. The predominant responses of exclusivism, inclusivism, and pluralism have shaped the debate and serve as a typology for organizing the various theologies of religions. While Pentecostals have generally fallen into the exclusivist category - e.g., that salvation is available only to those who have converted to Christian faith - there are also other resources related to their views regarding the universal work of the Holy Spirit that have not yet been adequately explored for the purposes of developing a more distinctive set of not only Pentecostal beliefs about other religions but also Christian practices related to people in other faiths. The first two parts of this essay survey the basic threefold typology and assesses the strengths and limitations of each position. The concluding section presents the contours of the emerging pneumatological paradigm informed by the "Pentecostal" idea of the Holy Spirit who has been poured out on all flesh, and suggests how this approach might enrich Christian beliefs about the religions and invigorate a more hospitable form of practices related to people of other faiths.
Compaction kinetics during hot pressing and recrystallization of carbides (1973)

We inserted the sequence of the carcinoembryonic antigen-derived T cell epitope CAP-1-6D (CEA) into different positions of the hamster polyomavirus major capsid protein VP1. Independently from additional flanking linkers, yeast-expressed VP1 proteins harboring the CEA insertion between VP1 amino acid residues 80 and 89 (site 1) or 288 and 295 (site 4) or simultaneously at both positions assembled to chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs). BALB/c mice immunized with adjuvant-free VLPs developed VP1- and epitope-specific antibodies. The level of the CEA-specific antibody response was determined by the insertion site, the number of inserts, and the flanking linker. The strongest CEA-specific antibody response was observed in mice immunized with VP1 proteins harboring the CEA insert at site 1. Moreover, the CEA-specific antibodies in these mice were still detectable 6 mo after the final booster immunization. Our results indicate that hamster polyomavirus-derived VLPs represent a highly immunogenic carrier for foreign insertions that might be useful for clinical and therapeutic applications.
Position-Specific and Clumped Stable Isotope Studies: Comparison of the Urey and Path-Integral Approaches for Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, Methane, and Propane (2013)

We combine path-integral Monte Carlo methods with high-quality potential energy surfaces to compute equilibrium isotope effects in a variety of systems relevant to 'clumped' isotope analysis and isotope geochemistry, including CO2, N2O, methane, and propane. Through a systematic study of heavy-atom isotope-exchange reactions, we quantify and analyze errors that arise in the widely used Urey model for predicting equilibrium constants of isotope-exchange reactions using reduced partition function ratios. These results illustrate that the Urey model relies on a nontrivial cancellation of errors that can shift the apparent equilibrium temperature by as much as 35 K for a given distribution of isotopologues. The calculations reported here provide the same level of precision as the best existing analytical instrumentation, resolving the relative enrichment of certain isotopologues to as little as 0.01‰. These findings demonstrate path-integral methods to be a rigorous and viable alternative to more approximate methods for heavy-atom geochemical applications.
Automated image segmentation using support vector machines (2007)

Neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases demonstrate problems associated with brain maturation and aging. Automated methods to delineate brain structures of interest are required to analyze large amounts of imaging data like that being collected in several on going multi-center studies. We have previously reported on using artificial neural networks (ANN) to define subcortical brain structures including the thalamus (0.88), caudate (0.85) and the putamen (0.81). In this work, apriori probability information was generated using Thirion's demons registration algorithm. The input vector consisted of apriori probability, spherical coordinates, and an iris of surrounding signal intensity values. We have applied the support vector machine (SVM) machine learning algorithm to automatically segment subcortical and cerebellar regions using the same input vector information. SVM architecture was derived from the ANN framework. Training was completed using a radial-basis function kernel with gamma equal to 5.5. Training was performed using 15,000 vectors collected from 15 training images in approximately 10 minutes. The resulting support vectors were applied to delineate 10 images not part of the training set. Relative overlap calculated for the subcortical structures was 0.87 for the thalamus, 0.84 for the caudate, 0.84 for the putamen, and 0.72 for the hippocampus. Relative overlap for the cerebellar lobes ranged from 0.76 to 0.86. The reliability of the SVM based algorithm was similar to the inter-rater reliability between manual raters and can be achieved without rater intervention.
Benzocyclobutene optical waveguides (1995)

Single-mode optical waveguides at 1300 nm have been fabricated from the organic polymer benzocyclobutene. This material system utilizes a 535 rmb photodefinable resin for forming the core of the waveguide, allowing the waveguides to be processed in a fashion similar to a negative photoresist. The processing conditions required for the fabrication of single-mode benzocyclobutene optical waveguides are presented. With the measured losses in the waveguide equal to 0.81 dB/cm at 1300 nm, this material system is suitable for use in a variety of optical interconnect applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microbial carbon capture cell using cyanobacteria for simultaneous power generation, carbon dioxide sequestration and wastewater treatment (2011)

Microbial carbon capture cells (MCCs) were constructed with cyanobacteria growing in a photo biocathode in dual-chambered flat plate mediator-less MFCs separated by an anion exchange membrane from the anode compartment containing Shewanella putrefaciens. The performance of the MCC with Anabaena sparged with CO(2)-air mixture was compared with that of a conventional cathode sparged with air only. The power densities achieved were 57.8 mW/m(2) for Anabaena sparged with a CO(2)-air mixture, 39.2 mW/m(2) for CO(2)-air mixture sparging only, 29.7 mW/m(2) for Anabaena sparged with air, and 19.6 mW/m(2) for air sparging only. The pH of the cathode containing Anabaena gradually increased from 7 to 9.12 and power generation decreased from 34.7 to 23.8 mW/m(2) 17 due to pH imbalance associated voltage losses without CO(2)-air mixture sparging. Sparging with a 5% CO(2)-air mixture produced maximum power of 100.1 mW/m(2). In addition, the power density of MCC increased by 31% when nitrate was added into the catholyte.
Syntheses with Styrene Oxide (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses with Styrene OxideWilliam S. EmersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 4, 516–518Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01220a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01220a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views547Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Graphene MEMS capacitive microphone: highlight and future perspective (2016)

MEMS microphone is widely used in the electronic product nowadays because of its tiny size body, low power consumption and performance consistency over time and temperature. This paper highlights on the MEMS capacitive microphone and future perspective. This paper discusses the working principle of capacitive-based MEMS microphone and some of the important performance parameter that must be considered for the MEMS microphone. Recent MEMS microphone technology incorporates graphene as the microphone membrane. Finally, we discuss the future prospect and the possibility for graphene usage as the membrane for MEMS microphone.
Modification of Milk and Whey Surface Properties by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Milk Phospholipids (2007)

Phospholipase A1 were shown to improve foaming properties of skim milk and whey, implying that phospholipases can be useful tools for modifying the functionality of dairy products and ingredients. The ability of three fungal phospholipases and porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 to hydrolyze milk phospholipids was investigated by using sodium deoxycholate-solubilized milk phospholipid and whole milk. The enzyme with the highest activity in milk was Fusarium venenatum phospholipase A1. Milk and whey were subsequently characterized using tensiometry and interfacial shear rheology. The lysophospholipids released from the fat globule membrane decreased the surface tension of skim milk and whey. A dramatic decrease in the surface shear viscous and elastic moduli indicated a shift from a protein-dominated to a surfactant-dominated interface. The surface shear moduli did not correlate with the foam stability, which was improved by phospholipase A1.
Transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation for treatment of the overactive bladder syndrome in multiple sclerosis: Results of a multicenter prospective study (2011)

Chronic TPTNS appears to be effective in the management of severe OAB in MS, without compromising bladder emptying or inducing side effect. Treatment may be effective even in the absence of an acute cystometric effect. Additional works are required to demonstrate long-term efficacy of TPTNS.
Reversible and Rapid Transfer-RNA Deactivation as a Mechanism of Translational Repression in Stress (2013)

Stress-induced changes of gene expression are crucial for survival of eukaryotic cells. Regulation at the level of translation provides the necessary plasticity for immediate changes of cellular activities and protein levels. In this study, we demonstrate that exposure to oxidative stress results in a quick repression of translation by deactivation of the aminoacyl-ends of all transfer-RNA (tRNA). An oxidative-stress activated nuclease, angiogenin, cleaves first within the conserved single-stranded 3'-CCA termini of all tRNAs, thereby blocking their use in translation. This CCA deactivation is reversible and quickly repairable by the CCA-adding enzyme [ATP(CTP):tRNA nucleotidyltransferase]. Through this mechanism the eukaryotic cell dynamically represses and reactivates translation at low metabolic costs.
On the preparation of β‐amino acids from α‐amino acids using the Arndt‐Eistert reaction: Scope, limitations and stereoselectivity. Application to carbohydrate peptidation. Stereoselective α‐alkylations of some β‐amino acids (1995)

Abstract The Arndt‐Eistert homologation of α‐amino acids was studied to determine the stereoselectivity in this reaction by chromatographic up‐to‐date analytical methods. While carba‐mate‐protected phenylglycine was transformed to the corresponding β‐amino acid methyl ester with a stereoselectivity of only 9:1, all other tested amino acid derivatives (Ala, Phe, Ser, Orn, tert ‐Leu and perhydro‐azepine‐2‐carboxylic acid, suitably protected) were homologated with full retention of configuration (products 9–17 ). The intermediate diazo ketones 1–8 were purified and characterized by their NMR spectra. When nucleophiles derived from partially protected sugars were present during decomposition of the diazo ketones (derived from amino acids or dipeptides), a strong dependence of the yield (products 21–24 ) on the degree of steric hindrance of the nucleophilic OH group was observed. Two of the β‐amino acids obtained from the homologation reaction were transformed to α‐substituted ( 25–27, 31, 32 ) and α,α‐disubstituted β‐amino acid derivatives ( 28, 29 ) with excellent selectivities (in most cases, a single diastereoisomer was obtained).
Spin transfer torque with spin diffusion in magnetic tunnel junctions (2012)

Spin transport in magnetic tunnel junctions in the presence of spin diffusion is considered theoretically. Combining ballistic tunneling across the barrier and diffusive transport in the electrodes, we solve the spin dynamics equation in the metallic layers. We show that spin diffusion mixes the transverse spin current components and dramatically modifies the bias dependence of the effective spin transfer torque. This leads to a significant linear bias dependence of the out-of-plane torque, as well as a nonconventional thickness dependence of both spin torque components.
SV2 frustrating exocytosis at the semi‐diffusor synapse (2009)

Presynaptic exocytosis is the mechanism commonly believed to release transmitters by diffusion through a pore opening during vesicular membrane fusion with the plasmalemma, but evidence suggesting that exocytosis and transmitter release are two separate steps of synaptic transmission is accumulating. Vesicular glycoconjugates such as Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2 (SV2) proteoglycans and gangliosides retain transmitters in a nondiffusible form and are transported to the synaptic cleft where they contribute forming a dense synaptomatrix. Transmitters are permanently present in synaptic clefts and readily releasable transmitter is easily accessible from the outer side of the presynaptic membrane suggesting that synaptomatrix glycoconjugates prevent immediate release after PKC-dependent exocytosis. The calcium sensor synaptotagmin is also present at the presynaptic plasma membrane and binds SV2 suggesting a direct coupling between the calcium transient and transmitter release from the synaptomatrix. A quantitative coupling of the cytosolic calcic transient to transmitter release from the synaptomatrix explains better complexity and plasticity of miniature postsynaptic signals hitherto difficult to account for in exocytic terms. This alternative representation of synaptic transmission in which the same components of the synaptomatrix support adhesion and signaling functions may cast new lights on synaptic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
Ion implantation for creating room temperature ferromagnetism in wide bandgap semiconductors (2004)

We summarize recent progress in creating dilute magnetic semiconductors such as (Ga,Mn)N, (Ga,Mn)P, (Zn,Mn)O, (Si,Mn)C, and (Zn,Mn)SiGeN/sub 2/ exhibiting room temperature ferromagnetism through the use of ion implantation, the origins of the magnetism and its potential applications in novel device such as spin-polarized light emitters and spin field effect transistors.
Intrinsic Dinitrogen Activation at Bare Metal Atoms (2006)

There is ongoing interest in metal complexes which bind dinitrogen and facilitate either its reduction or oxidation under mild conditions. In nature, the enzyme nitrogenase catalyzes this process, and dinitrogen fixation occurs under mild and ambient conditions at a metal-sulfur cluster in the center of the MoFe protein, but the mechanism of this process remains largely unknown. In the last few years, new important discoveries have been made in this field. In this review are discussed recent findings on the interaction of N(2) with metal atoms and metal-atom dimers from all groups of the periodic table as provided by gas-phase as well as matrix-isolation experiments. Intrinsic dinitrogen activation at such bare metal atoms is then related to corresponding processes at complexes, clusters, and surfaces.
Top-Down Approach for Web Services Development (2010)

This paper focuses on Web Services development presenting an approach that investigates the model-based software development towards Service-Oriented Architecture. This work explores software development based on Domain-Specific Modeling for building WSDL 2.0 meta-model. The Multiple Views CASE tool supports the development process of Web Services according to top-down approach through the creation of models at a high level of abstraction and the partial code generation. A case study in the Electronic Health domain illustrates the proposed in this work. The main contribution of the work is leverage agility and ease Web Services development process through highlevel specification based on the meta-model.
Intelligent interpretation of PCR products in 1D gels for automatic molecular diagnostics (2002)

An important step in molecular diagnostics for genetic diseases is the interpretation of sizing signals obtained by gel electrophoresis. Usually, the interpretation is done manually and is labor-intensive. An algorithm for automatic interpretation of two-dimensional sizing signals is described. The underlying computation is a rule-based assignment of values to labels of a set of image variables.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Possible Role for CSF Turnover and Choroid Plexus in the Pathogenesis of Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease (2012)

According to the amyloid theory, the appearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits represents a pivotal event in late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Physiologically, Aβ42 monomers are cleaned by capillary resorption, enzymatic catabolism, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport. Factors that promote the oligomerization of Aβ42 must be specified. In vitro, these monomers spontaneously form neurotoxic oligomers whose rate increases with time suggesting that the stasis of CSF favors the oligomerization. In animals, experimental hydrocephalus generates CSF stasis followed by the appearance of amyloid deposits. In normal pressure hydrocephalus, amyloid deposits are common, especially in elderly patients, and the turnover decline has the same order of magnitude as in AD. In this disease, the effects of CSF stasis are potentiated by the decline in the ability of CSF to inhibit the formation of oligomers. CSF originates from choroid plexus (CP). In LOAD, the functions of secretion, synthesis, and transport of CP are impaired and this is related to morphological modifications. These impairments favor the decrease of CSF turnover, the diminished levels of transthyretin, a sequestering protein synthesized by CP, and the oligomerization of Aβ42. They are potentiated by a reduced enzymatic catabolism and a decreased capillary reabsorption of Aβ42, both alterations being related to age.
Beamforming and PAPR Reduction for MISO-OFDM Systems (2007)

A peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction technique for multi-input single-output (MISO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with beamforming is proposed. This technique consists of adaptive antenna selection and phase rotation. By using the proposed method, a large reduction in PAPR can be obtained at the expense of a small signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss. According to the simulation results, the PAPR is reduced by 10% in terms of complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) with negligible SNR loss. If a 1 dB SNR loss is allowed, a 33% reduction in PAPR can be achieved.
Fc Receptor-mediated Effector Function Contributes to the Therapeutic Response of Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibodies in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2015)

These data support the concept that the mechanism of action for TNF-neutralising drugs may differ across immune-mediated diseases and, potentially, between therapeutics within a particular disease. Our data suggest a specific role of Fc-mediated immune regulation in the resolution of intestinal inflammation by anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies.