gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on gibberellin synthesis: the total synthesis of gibberellic acid from hydrofluorenone intermediates (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on gibberellin synthesis: the total synthesis of gibberellic acid from hydrofluorenone intermediatesJames M. Hook, Lewis N. Mander, and Rudolf UrechCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 18, 3250–3260Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00192a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00192a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views533Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hysteresis in the voltage dependence of cathodoluminescence (1983)

It has been shown that the voltage dependence curve of cathodoluminescence from Zn2SiO4:Mn exhibits a hysteresis in the narrow voltage range just above the threshold voltage. E;8378.60.Hk, 77.30.ed
Suppression of mucosal mastocytosis by <i>Nematospiroides dubius</i> results from an adult worm‐mediated effect upon host lymphocytes (1988)

Infections with the nematode Nematospiroides dubius fail to elicit mucosal mast cell (MMC) responses in the intestines of host mice, and suppress MMC responses generated by heterologous infection. Larval N. dubius have the capacity to prime for mastocytosis, and to elicit this response in primed mice during a challenge, but only if adult worms are prevented from developing, either by anthelmintic treatment or by irradiation of the larvae themselves. The suppressive effect of the adult stage was confirmed in experiments where such worms were implanted directly into the intestines of mice primed by exposure to irradiated N. dubius larvae or concurrently infected with Trichinella spiralis. Data on the mechanisms underlying this suppressive effect were obtained from experiments involving the adoptive transfer of mastocytosis by mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC) from T. spiralis infected mice. When MLNC were taken from mice infected concurrently with both T. spiralis and N. dubius no enhanced mastocytosis was seen in recipients after challenge with T. spiralis. Exposure of MLNC from T. spiralis infected donors to the presence of adult N. dubius after transfer did not reduce the adoptively transferred response. The response was also unaffected when MLNC from adult N. dubius infected mice were simultaneously transferred with MLNC from T. spiralis donors. It is concluded that the suppressive effect of adult N. dubius upon the expression of mucosal mastocytosis acts upon the generation of lymphocytes capable of promoting the development of MMC from precursor cells.
Competence and Organization: Two Drivers of Innovation (2002)

This paper demonstrates the effects of organizational factors and computerization changes on innovation. Indeed, the innovation capacity depends more on a company's organization than on its size. The econometric results show that, when the organizational structure is integrated into a Schumpeter's model with flexibility, reactivity, risk-taking, internal communication and the establishing of a strategy, the significance of the company size decreases by half. Our work underlines the importance of the level of self-sufficiency and the recognition of a researcher's status. In addition, it demonstrates that the mass of knowledge needed is constantly increasing because of constant technological progress, making it indispensable for a company to open up towards the outside world, more particularly through cooperation. Recourse to R&D cooperation provides access to information and to new abilities that can improve the technological capabilities of a firm. It underlines that the condition needed to be able to benefit from the competence of a partner is to have, first of all, agreement to share a stock of complementary and common knowledge, a condition that will boost the performance of partner companies. Connection to the Internet has a greater effect upon innovation capacities than does the simple networking of microcomputers, and can lead to reorganizing work within companies, with the possibility of more intense information sharing. The company would subsequently organize task sharing internally, and as regards the outside world, not on hierarchical bases, but on those of shared interest in a given goal. The greater speed in information transmission would permit an increase in the speed of change in the environment and thereby, a shortening of the deadlines for defining and marketing innovations.
Caged siRNAs for Spatiotemporal Control of Gene Silencing (2009)

Various strategies have been employed to achieve control over delivery of siRNA molecules to intended target cells. Photocaging is one specific class of modifications for silencing oligonucleotides that block their bioactivity until exposure to near-ultraviolet light. These caged RNAi effectors enable both spatial and temporal targeting of a dosed release of gene silencing agents by directed light exposure that photocleaves the cage moieties. Herein we compare the photochemical properties of cage compounds and strategies for their use, attached either randomly or site-specifically, to demonstrate various forms of gene expression regulation in vitro and in vivo. This light-controllable strategy has potential applications for precisely probing developing biological systems and eventually enabling targeted gene-silencing therapeutics.
Thread block compaction for efficient SIMT control flow (2011)

Manycore accelerators such as graphics processor units (GPUs) organize processing units into single-instruction, multiple data “cores” to improve throughput per unit hardware cost. Programming models for these accelerators encourage applications to run kernels with large groups of parallel scalar threads. The hardware groups these threads into warps/wavefronts and executes them in lockstep-dubbed single-instruction, multiple-thread (SIMT) by NVIDIA. While current GPUs employ a per-warp (or per-wavefront) stack to manage divergent control flow, it incurs decreased efficiency for applications with nested, data-dependent control flow. In this paper, we propose and evaluate the benefits of extending the sharing of resources in a block of warps, already used for scratchpad memory, to exploit control flow locality among threads (where such sharing may at first seem detrimental). In our proposal, warps within a thread block share a common block-wide stack for divergence handling. At a divergent branch, threads are compacted into new warps in hardware. Our simulation results show that this compaction mechanism provides an average speedup of 22% over a baseline per-warp, stack-based reconvergence mechanism, and 17% versus dynamic warp formation on a set of CUDA applications that suffer significantly from control flow divergence.
Histological and Histochemical Methods: Theory and Practice (1981)

This text presents the chemical and physical principles of fixation, staining and histochemistry. It assumes a basic level of chemical and biological knowledge, and requires little mathematical skill. The relations of chemical structures and reactions to fixation, tissue processing, staining, enzyme location, immunohistochemistry and other procedures are explained. For this edition the author has updated the text with the latest techniques and developments within the field, whilst retaining the details of the classic techniques still in use. The book offers a practical guide to the preparation of specimens for light microscopy and includes detailed practical instructions of the techniques used. This text presents the chemical and physical principles of fixation, staining and histochemistry. It assumes a basic level of chemical and biological knowledge, and requires little mathematical skill. The relations of chemical structures and reactions to fixation, tissue processing, staining, enzyme location, immunohistochemistry and other procedures are explained. For this edition the author has updated the text with the latest techniques and developments within the field, whilst retaining the details of the classic techniques still in use. The book offers a practical guide to the preparation of specimens for light microscopy and includes detailed practical instructions of the techniques used.
Prenatal diagnosis and carrier screening for fragile X by PCR (1996)

During the past three years, we have conducted fragile X DNA studies for carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis using a previously described PCR protocol that accurately resolves normal FMR1 alleles and premutations and detects most full mutations [Brown et al., JAMA 270:1569-1575, 1996]. A total of 344 pregnant women with a family history of mental retardation of unknown cause were screened and 6 fragile X carriers were identified: two had full mutations, and four had premutations. The mentally retarded relatives of two other women were found to be fragile X positive although the women themselves were not carriers. In all, 6 carriers and 8 fragile X families were identified by this screening. We have also screened 40 pregnant women who were members of previously identified fragile X families, but whose carrier status was unknown. Ten were found to be carriers and were offered prenatal diagnosis. Prospective prenatal testing of 84 carrier women correctly detected 31 fetal samples (19 females, 12 males) with full mutations and 6 with premutations (2 females, 4 males). No false positives but one false negative occurred early on due to undetected maternal cell contamination. In addition, screening of 806 males with developmental delays of unknown cause gave positive results in 33 (4.1%). Potential problems and pitfalls of direct DNA testing are discussed. Because of the proven success of fragile X screening with direct molecular analysis, screening of all undiagnosed individuals with mental retardation and at risk pregnant women should now be considered. The identification of fragile X carriers and prenatal diagnosis of their pregnancies should significantly reduce the prevalence of this syndrome.
A selective PVC membrane for di- or trinitrophenol based on N,N-dibenzyl-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (2001)

A new fluorophore, N,N-dibenzyl-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (NBTMB), was prepared and shown to exhibit significant and analytical usefulness for optical sensing toward 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) when it was immobilized in a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane. When the membrane was applied to aqueous nitrophenol solution, NBTMB was able to extract selectively nitrophenol into the membrane phase. Since the extraction equilibrium was accompanied by fluorescence quenching of NBTMB, the chemical recognition process could be directly translated into an optical signal. The sensor showed reversible response in the concentration range from 2.0 x 10(-7) to 6.0 x 10(-5) mol L(-1) for the detection of 2,4-dinitrophenol in NaOAc-HOAc buffer at pH 4.0. It also showed a fast response time (t95% < 1.5 min) when the sensor was applied to 2,4-dinitrophenol solution at concentration levels of 5.26 x 10(-6) and 2.10 x 10(-5) mol L(-1) alternatively. A working principle is proposed and the responses of this sensor to various kinds of nitrophenol were studied. The sensor was applied to the direct determination of 2,4-dinitrophenol in prepared water samples and the indirect assay of the drug cinchonine and the results obtained were satisfactory.
A morphing trailing edge device for a wind turbine (2012)

The loads on wind turbine components are primarily from the blades. It is important to control these loads in order to avoid damaging the wind turbine. Rotor control technology is currently limited to controlling the rotor speed and the blade pitch. As blades increase in length, it becomes less desirable to pitch the entire blade as a single rigid body, but there is a requirement to control loads more precisely along the length of the blade. This can be achieved with aerodynamic control devices such as flaps. Morphing structures are good candidates for wind turbine flaps because they have the potential to create structures that have the conflicting abilities of being load carrying, lightweight and shape adaptive. A morphing flap design with an anisotropic cellular structure is presented, which is able to undergo large deflections and high strains. An aeroelastic analysis couples the work done by aerodynamic loads on the flap, the flap strain energy and the required actuation work to change shape. The morphing flap model is manufactured, and its stiffness is measured.
Classical wave propagation in periodic structures: Cermet versus network topology (1993)

We have investigated classical waves propagating in periodic binary composites. For electromagnetic waves the network topology, in which the low-velocity material forms a continuous network, is more favorable for the appearance of gaps. In contrast, for scalar and elastic waves the cermet topology, in which the low-velocity material consists of isolated inclusions surrounded by the high-velocity host material, is more favorable.
Nonequivalent Binding to Human Methemoglobin (1971)

Abstract The reactions of thiocyanate and fluoride with the iron of methemoglobin A may each be analyzed with a single association constant at pH 6.0 and at 22°. This implies that the four protein sites bind independently and with identical intrinsic affinities. In contrast the reactions of cyanide and imidazole under the same experimental conditions require two association constants for a minimal description of their binding isotherms. This apparent contradiction may be resolved by making the formal assumption that the high-low spin equilibria of the protein irons are not identical. The reaction kinetics of these four iron-coordinating ligands display a different pattern. Fluoride and cyanide react with a simple, pseudo-first order time dependence. Thiocyanate and imidazole show biphasic kinetics, requiring two constants to adequately describe the results. This lack of correspondence between kinetic and thermodynamic results suggests the ligand-binding mechanism contains a minimum of two reaction steps. This conclusion is verified by the lack of agreement between thermodynamically and kinetically calculated association constants, and the observation of a mixed order dependence of the thiocyanate reaction on ligand concentration.
Thermal Properties of Ultrathin Hafnium Oxide Gate Dielectric Films (2009)

Thin-film HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is a promising gate dielectric material that will influence thermal conduction in modern transistors. This letter reports the temperature dependence of the intrinsic thermal conductivity and interface resistances of 56-200-Aring-thick HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films. A picosecond pump-probe thermoreflectance technique yields room-temperature intrinsic thermal conductivity values between 0.49 and 0.95 W/(mmiddotK). The intrinsic thermal conductivity and interface resistance depend strongly on the film-thickness-dependent microstructure.
Abstract 18709: MicroRNA Target Regulation is Cell Type Specific and is Influenced by Stress Conditions (2016)

MicroRNAs (miRs) modulate gene expression by repressing translation or inducing degradation of targeted mRNAs. Although miRs are currently explored as novel therapeutic targets, the cell type and c...
Transferrin synthesis by small cell lung cancer cells acts as an autocrine regulator of cellular proliferation. (1988)

Since transferrin is required for cellular proliferation, we investigated transferrin synthesis by a small cell lung cancer line (NCI-H510) that survives in serum-free media without added transferrin. Immunoassays for human transferrin demonstrated that these cells contained immunoreactive human transferrin. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the protein is expressed on the surface of cells, presumably bound to transferrin receptor. Media conditioned by NCI-H510 cells support proliferation of human leukemic cells that would not survive in media lacking transferrin. [35S]Methionine incorporation documented transferrin synthesis by NCI-H510 cells as well as three other small cell lines. Transferrin synthesis by NCI-H510 cells increased more than 10-fold when cells entered active phases of the cell cycle, and this increase was seen before large increases in transferrin-receptor expression. Further experiments examining the effects of agents that affect iron metabolism show that the addition of transferrin-iron or hemin to the media is associated with a more rapid initial rate of proliferation and lower rates of transferrin synthesis than control cells. Gallium salts, which inhibit iron uptake, inhibited proliferation of these cells. If the cells recovered from this effect, transferrin synthesis remained greatly increased compared to control. We conclude that transferrin synthesis by these malignant cells is ultimately related to an iron requirement for cellular proliferation. It appears that this synthesized transferrin acts as part of an important autocrine mechanism permitting proliferation of these cells, and perhaps permitting tumor cell growth in vivo in areas not well vascularized.
Crosslinking of Apolipoprotein E by Products of Lipid Peroxidation (1996)

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and advancing aging are interacting ri sk factors in the expression of late onset and sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We tested the hypothesis that 2 products of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4 hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), covalently modify APOE and alter its metabolism. In vitro, both HNE and MDA crosslinked purified APOE3 and APOE4. HNE was a more potent crosslinker than MDA, and purified APO3 was more susceptible to crosslinking by HNE than was purified APOE4. In P19 neuroglial cultures, oxidative stress with lipid peroxidation led to increased intracellular accumulation of anti-HNE and anti-APOE immunoreactive proteins of approximately 50 kDa. Intercellular accumulation of the 50 kDa APOE-immunoreactive protein (APOE-50) was not prevented by cyclohexamide, suggesting formation by post-translational mechanisms. In CSF, a 50 kDa APOE-immunoreactive protein co-migrated with proteins most immunoreactive for HNE and MDA adducts, containing NaB3H4-reducible bonds. These proteins were in CSF from adult subjects (with or without dementia), and in AD patients homozygous for APOE3 or APOE4 alleles. These data suggest that HNE covalently crosslinks APOE in P19 neuroglial cultures to form a 50 kDa protein, and that similar modifications of APOE appear to occur in vivo.
Long-Term Breast-Feeding in Women With Type 1 Diabetes (2006)

The majority of the women with type 1 diabetes initiated breast-feeding, and the prevalence of breast-feeding at 4 months was comparable to that in the background population. Independent predictors of exclusive breast-feeding at 4 months were previous experience with breast-feeding and higher educational level.
Angle-resolved photoemission studies of the cuprate superconductors (2003)

The last decade witnessed significant progress in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and its applications. Today, ARPES experiments with 2-meV energy resolution and $0.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ angular resolution are a reality even for photoemission on solids. These technological advances and the improved sample quality have enabled ARPES to emerge as a leading tool in the investigation of the high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors. This paper reviews the most recent ARPES results on the cuprate superconductors and their insulating parent and sister compounds, with the purpose of providing an updated summary of the extensive literature. The low-energy excitations are discussed with emphasis on some of the most relevant issues, such as the Fermi surface and remnant Fermi surface, the superconducting gap, the pseudogap and $d$-wave-like dispersion, evidence of electronic inhomogeneity and nanoscale phase separation, the emergence of coherent quasiparticles through the superconducting transition, and many-body effects in the one-particle spectral function due to the interaction of the charge with magnetic and/or lattice degrees of freedom. Given the dynamic nature of the field, we chose to focus mainly on reviewing the experimental data, as on the experimental side a general consensus has been reached, whereas interpretations and related theoretical models can vary significantly. The first part of the paper introduces photoemission spectroscopy in the context of strongly interacting systems, along with an update on the state-of-the-art instrumentation. The second part provides an overview of the scientific issues relevant to the investigation of the low-energy electronic structure by ARPES. The rest of the paper is devoted to the experimental results from the cuprates, and the discussion is organized along conceptual lines: normal-state electronic structure, interlayer interaction, superconducting gap, coherent superconducting peak, pseudogap, electron self-energy, and collective modes. Within each topic, ARPES data from the various copper oxides are presented.
Techniques for partial evaluation of imperative languages (1991)

Various techniques for the partial evaluation of imperative programs with subroutines and possible sideeffects are presented. They cover dynamic annotations, a new polyvariant computation
Characterization of a B cell-derived growth-enhancing factor produced by a human B cell line established from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. (1987)

A human B cell line, TKS-1, which was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, was found to spontaneously produce a factor which enhances the activity of interleukin 1 (IL-1). This factor, designated B cell-derived growth-enhancing factor (BGEF), enhanced IL-1-induced proliferation of peanut agglutinin nonagglutinated thymocytes. BGEF also enhanced IL-1-induced production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by both thymocytes and a human T cell clone, HSB.2 C5B2. BGEF alone did not induce the production of IL-2. BGEF failed to induce proliferation of the IL-2-dependent T cell clone, and did not enhance its response to IL-2. The activity of BGEF was not blocked by antisera against human IL-1-alpha or human IL-1-beta. Gel filtration analysis revealed that BGEF has a m.w. of 60,000 to 65,000 in its native state. We concluded that BGEF differed from IL-1 and IL-2, but is a novel factor produced by TKS-1 cells. In addition, we found that partially purified B cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis produced factors which enhanced the activity of IL-1.