gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remote Optogenetic Activation and Sensitization of Pain Pathways in Freely Moving Mice (2013)

We report a novel model in which remote activation of peripheral nociceptive pathways in transgenic mice is achieved optogenetically, without any external noxious stimulus or injury. Taking advantage of a binary genetic approach, we selectively targeted Nav1.8(+) sensory neurons for conditional expression of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) channels. Acute blue light illumination of the skin produced robust nocifensive behaviors, evoked by the remote stimulation of both peptidergic and nonpeptidergic nociceptive fibers as indicated by c-Fos labeling in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. A non-nociceptive component also contributes to the observed behaviors, as shown by c-Fos expression in lamina III of the dorsal horn and the expression of ChR2-EYFP in a subpopulation of large-diameter Nav1.8(+) dorsal root ganglion neurons. Selective activation of Nav1.8(+) afferents in vivo induced central sensitization and conditioned place aversion, thus providing a novel paradigm to investigate plasticity in the pain circuitry. Long-term potentiation was similarly evoked by light activation of the same afferents in isolated spinal cord preparations. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the optical control of nociception and central sensitization in behaving mammals and enables selective activation of the same class of afferents in both in vivo and ex vivo preparations. Our results provide a proof-of-concept demonstration that optical dissection of the contribution of specific classes of afferents to central sensitization is possible. The high spatiotemporal precision offered by this non-invasive model will facilitate drug development and target validation for pain therapeutics.
Determination of Binding Constants of Cyclodextrins in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids by Near-Infrared Spectrometry (2002)

Near-infrared spectrometry has been successfully used to determine association binding constants between phenol and alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin (CD) in [butylmethylimidazolium][chloride] room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). It was found that adding CD into the RTIL solution of phenol resulted in an enhancement in the absorption coefficient of the stretching overtone of the aromatic C-H groups. However, the enhancement induced by CDs in RTIL is much lower (order of magnitude) than those corresponding in D20. The binding constants in RTIL are also much lower than those in D2O ((11 +/- 2), (16 +/- 2), and (40 +/- 6) M(-1) for phenol and alpha-, beta- and gamma-CD, respectively, as compared to 87 and 214 M(-1) for a- and beta-CD in D2O). The results obtained seem to suggest that in ionic liquid, the main interaction between phenol and CDs may not be inclusion complex formation but rather external adsorption. A variety of reasons may be responsible for relatively weaker interactions and lower binding constants in the ionic liquid, including differences in the polarity and viscosity of RTIL and D20. However, the main reason may be due to the possibility that the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation of the ionic liquid may form inclusion complexes with CDs either through its imidazolium moiety or its butyl group. Such complex formation would prevent phenol from being included in the cavity of the CDs.
Identification of novel steroid-response elements. (1992)

A rapid method for defining novel steroid-responsive elements has been developed. Large libraries of degenerate oligonucleotides were analyzed using a yeast-based screen to identify estrogen-responsive DNA sequences. From a library of 40,000 recombinants, seven estrogen-responsive clones were identified. When sequenced, these elements showed remarkable diversity and were different from the consensus vitellogenin A2 ERE. One surprising result was the presence of the two half sites as direct repeats in some of the clones. This implies that in vivo estrogen receptor can bind and transactivate yeast genes through response elements in which the two half sites align as direct repeats. This protocol requires no purified protein and specifically selects for functional response elements. It has a wide application in the study of any transcription factor/DNA interaction.
[Cerebral insufficiency--treatment with Ginkgo-biloba extract. Time of onset of effect in a double-blind study with 60 inpatients]. (1990)

Sixty inpatients with cerebral insufficiency and the leading symptom depressive mood, were treated in a double-blind study for 6 weeks with a daily dose of 160 mg Ginkgo biloba extract or placebo. After 2, 4 and 6 weeks, changes in 12 typical symptoms in comparison with the last examination, were evaluated. In the group receiving placebo, small, but progressive improvements were observed. In the Ginkgo-biloba group, the overall number of improvements was significantly larger. After 2 weeks the differences were marked for only a few of the symptoms; after 4 and 6 weeks in contrast, in 11 of the 12 symptoms. The largest number of improvements in the Ginkgo-biloba group was observed between the 2nd and 4th weeks of treatment. In this period, about two-thirds of the patients on Ginkgo-biloba, and about one-fifth of the patients on placebo showed improvements.
LTE WLAN interworking for Wi-Fi hotspots (2010)

This paper provides an overview of the LTE WLAN interworking architecture and the reference implementation, for operator owned and aggregator provided Wi-Fi hotspots. It also provides the challenges corresponding to network discovery and selection, security and mobility procedures, and provides recommendations for the same.
Femtosecond Laser Printing of Single Ge and SiGe Nanoparticles with Electric and Magnetic Optical Resonances (2018)

A recently introduced femtosecond laser printing technique was further developed for the fabrication of crystalline single Ge and SiGe nanoparticles (NPs). Amorphous Ge and SiGe thin films deposited by e-beam evaporation on a transparent substrate were used as donors. The developed approach is based on a laser-induced forward transfer process, which provides an opportunity for NP-controlled positioning on different types of receiver substrates. The size of the generated nanoparticles can be varied from about 100 to 300 nm depending on the laser pulse energy and wavelength. The crystallinity and composition of nanoparticles are both confirmed by the Raman spectroscopy measurements. The experimental visible scattering spectra of single nanoparticles are found to be well coincident with theoretical simulations performed on the basis of Mie theory. It is demonstrated that Ge and SiGe nanoparticles are characterized by electric and magnetic dipole resonances in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges, which is promising for photonic applications.
Dispersing behavior of recycled rubber particles (2004)

Abstract The hydrophobic nature of recycled rubber particles presently limits their use only in non‐aqueous media. Recycled rubber particles were chemically modified by preparation of amphiphilic semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks using poly(acrylic acid) as the hydrophilic polymer. The resulting composite particles are water dispersible and suitable for various aqueous media applications.
Integrating Backlight With Color-Filter-Free Panel for Enhancing Performance of LCD (2019)

In this study, we proposed an innovative concept of integrating a polarized color-separating backlight with a color-filter-free LC panel for enhancing performance of the curved LCD system. We design a two-level folded backlight to exploit the light sources LEDs with color enhancement by quantum-dot technology to produce color beams emerging at separate angles with a linearly polarizing state. The integrated LC panel focuses the separating color beams onto the corresponding subpixels with no need of the color filter; redirects the color beams at respective angles into the normal and reforms their angular shapes to be identical for attaining good color uniformity in the viewing cone. We established a system model for simulation to evaluate its performance. According to the simulation results, it performs the high optical efficiency of 33.75% that is about four times the traditional LCD, and displays color gamut of 94.1% NTSC (CIE 1931). It also provides the illuminance uniformity of 90% above and good color uniformity in both the spatial space and angular space of the viewing cone with horizontal and vertical angular widths of 100 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> and 75 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> , respectively. Furthermore, the simulation results demonstrate that the design can apply to a 55-inch curved LCD and further extend the maximum diagonal size up to 88 inches while keeping slim volume with a minimal thickness of 6.5 mm.
Patchwork‐structure serpins from silkworm (<i>Bombyx mori</i>) larval hemolymph (1991)

A new serpin (serine proteinase inhibitor), having antichymotryptic activity, was isolated from silkworm, Bombyx mori, larval hemolymph and was named silkworm antichymotrypsin II (sw-AchyII). Amino-acid-sequence analysis of sw-AchyII revealed that it consisted of 375 amino acids without cysteine or glycosylated residues. sw-AchyII formed an SDS-undissociable complex with alpha-chymotrypsin, but this complex was broken down at pH 12.5 into alpha-chymotrypsin and sw-AchyII in which the reactive site was cleaved. Amino-acid-sequence analysis after cleavage identified in P1-P1' residue at the reactive site of sw-AchyII as Phe340-Met341. The amino acid sequence from the amino terminus to residue 336 was completely identical to the corresponding region of sw-AT [Takagi, H., Narumi, H., Nakamura, K. & Sasaki, T. (1990) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 108, 372-378]. The degree of similarity between sw-AchyII and silkworm antitrypsin (sw-AT) from residue 337 to the carboxy terminus was only 46%. Reactive sites of both serpins were in the variable regions.
<title>Characterization of a large-volume multi-element CdZnTe detector</title> (2000)

In this paper, we present results of experiments to characterize a large-volume (4 cm<SUP>3</SUP>), multi-element CdZnTe detector for high-efficiency, gamma-ray spectroscopy. The module includes an array of eight 0.5 cm<SUP>3</SUP> coplanar grid detectors manufactured by eV Products. An eight-channel data acquisition system with list mode output is used to record gamma-ray events for each detector in the array. The list mode data are analyzed to determine the efficiency for coincidence events and to demonstrate different modes of operation (e.g., Compton suppression). The total efficiency of the array is found to match Monte Carlo calculations to within a few percent; however, the full-energy (photopeak) efficiency is significantly lower than predicted by Monte Carlo. The observed difference is probably caused by a combination of electrode design and charge transport properties. Approaches to improve full-energy efficiency are proposed.
Direct 4D slice-wise whole-body parametric PET image reconstruction for continuous bed motion acquisitions (2016)

Whole-body (WB) parametric PET imaging has recently demonstrated its clinical potential in enhancing quantification by employing robust dynamic analysis on a series of fast WB passes obtained either with step-and-shoot (SS) or continuous bed motion (CBM) acquisition mode. In particular, the CBM method has been associated with enhanced lesion detectability over SS in bed overlap regions for indirect Patlak influx rate constant (K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> images. However, indirect Patlak is not very robust to the high noise levels often encountered in clinical WB dynamic PET imaging, thus limiting its clinical adoption. In addition, the CBM data at each transaxial slice are acquired within different time frames, while the SS data from all slices of a bed can be assigned a single average scan time. Thus, in the absence of list-mode data, accurate time data management may be challenging for dynamic CBM data analysis. In this study, we introduce a novel direct 4D WB parametric PET sinogram-based ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction algorithm specifically designed for the robust generalized Patlak analysis of dynamic CBM clinical PET data. The 4D algorithm employs the optimization transfer method to nest multiple faster Patlak subiterations within each of the slower global iteration steps and, thus, accelerate the convergence rate. Furthermore, an average scan time is assigned to each transaxial slice to construct an accurate set of slice-dependent nested Patlak model matrices and therefore permit a highly quantitative and efficient slice-wise 4D reconstruction of the CBM data. The clinical evaluation of the 4D CBM versus the 4D SS method was performed on a WB dynamic (12 passes) 18F-FDG PET/CT clinical study by switching the two modes between the passes. The quantitative analysis of a suspected high uptake foci located in a bed overlap region indicated an increase of 40-50% in K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> target values and 35-45% in K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> target-to-background scores for the CBM 4D Patlak method.
Tension studies of human knee ligaments. Yield point, ultimate failure, and disruption of the cruciate and tibial collateral ligaments (1976)

Ultimate failure strengths of human tibial collateral and anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments were determined at two different loading rates (12.5 and fifty centimeters per minute) using an Instron Tension Analyzer. The posterior cruciate ligament was significantly stronger than the tibial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments, which were of equal strength. At ultimate failure the ligaments were intact macroscopically but electron microscopy revealed widespread disruption of the collagen fibrils. Only after further application of stress did actual macroscopic disruption occur, suggesting that microscopic failure of the collagen fibrils in grossly intact ligaments may be a significant cause of clinical instability.
Controlling the medical office building environment (1995)

The medical office building (MOB) has been the mainstay of the health care industry for many years. Recently, with the development of new diagnostic and treatment equipment, new facilities are being designed and built. Some are large, serving many physicians and their patients. Others are quite small, having as few as two doctors. Some are new structures while others are converted facilities. Some are located close to the hospitals they are associated with; others are located as satellites at the fringe of a hospital`s local service area. Mechanical systems vary widely and are dictated by building size, number of offices, number of treatment rooms, patient capacity, local codes, and the requirements of the staff. In a large MOB, the systems would like include HVAC, extensive plumbing, fire protection, and medical gas systems. A small, two- or three-doctor office may only have HVAC, basic plumbing, and perhaps some detectors. This article examines the environmental control aspects of medical clinics, including facilities with one or two offices and multistory medical office buildings.
An analytical study of low delay multi-tree-based overlay multicast (2007)

In this paper we propose an analytical model that describes the temporal evolution of the end-to-end loss characteristics for live multicast streaming. We consider push-based architectures combined with retransmissions and forward error correction (FEC). We use the model to identify the primary sources of delay in overlay multicast, and to investigate the possible ways of decreasing the required playback delay. Based on the results we argue that in order to achieve good quality with low playback delays independent of the overlay's size, these systems have to adjust the FEC code rate dynamically. Our findings show that the available upload capacity is the key to efficient overlay multicast with low delay bounds.
Spatial Organization of Transcription Elongation Complex in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

During RNA synthesis in the ternary elongation complex, RNA polymerase enzyme holds nucleic acids in three contiguous sites: the double-stranded DNA-binding site (DBS) ahead of the transcription bubble, the RNA-DNA heteroduplex-binding site (HBS), and the RNA-binding site (RBS) upstream of HBS. Photochemical cross-linking allowed mapping of the DNA and RNA contacts to specific positions on the amino acid sequence. Unexpectedly, the same protein regions were found to participate in both DBS and RBS. Thus, DNA entry and RNA exit occur close together in the RNA polymerase molecule, suggesting that the three sites constitute a single unit. The results explain how RNA in the integrated unit RBS-HBS-DBS may stabilize the ternary complex, whereas a hairpin in RNA result in its dissociation.
Efficient simulation of space-time correlated MIMO mobile fading channels (2003)

Simulation of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels, with crosscorrelated subchannels, is of paramount importance in performance evaluation of space-time techniques in multiantenna systems. This paper focuses on four methods to simulate several spatio-temporally crosscorrelated stationary complex Gaussian processes: the spectral representation method, the sampling theorem method, the random polynomial method, and the circulant embedding method. The first three methods are based on parametric random representations, which consist of the superposition of deterministic functions with random coefficients and parameters, whereas the fourth one is built upon circulant embedding of the covariance matrix and the use of fast Fourier transform (FFT), to diagonalize a block circulant matrix. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the computational complexity of all the four methods. The performance of these techniques are also assessed, via extensive simulations, in terms of the quality of the generated samples. Our theoretical analysis and simulation results show that for MIMO channel simulations, the spectral method has much less computational complexity, with the same simulation accuracy as other methods. Matlab/sup /spl copy// files for all the four methods are available at http://web.njit.edt//spl sim/abdi.
Intravenous glutamate enhances edema formation after a freezing lesion. (1990)

The effect of intravenous infusion of glutamate on edema formation after a freezing lesion in rats is reported. Twenty-four hours of continuous intravenous glutamate application led to a significant increase of hemispheric swelling, and of the water and sodium content as compared with animals receiving infusions of physiological saline after trauma. The results suggest that glutamate entering the e.c. space together with the edema fluid causes additional cytotoxic edema as a consequence of an enhanced glutamate uptake by the glia. Therefore, the use of amino acid infusions containing glutamate for parenteral nutrition may present an additional risk for neurosurgical patients with a disturbed BBB.
The Theranostic PSMA Ligand PSMA-617 in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer by PET/CT: Biodistribution in Humans, Radiation Dosimetry, and First Evaluation of Tumor Lesions (2015)

Within healthy organs, the kidneys and salivary glands showed the highest (68)Ga-PSMA-617 uptake. The radiation exposure was relatively low. (68)Ga-PSMA-617 shows PCa lesions with high contrast. Images obtained between 2 and 3 h after injection seem to be the best option with regard to radiotracer uptake and tumor contrast. Later images can help to clarify unclear lesions.
Towards Thermoconductive, Electrically Insulating Polymeric Composites with Boron Nitride Nanotubes as Fillers (2009)

Abstract Ultilizing boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) as fillers, composites are fabricated with poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, poly(vinyl butyral), or poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol) as the matrix and their thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties are evaluated. More than 20‐fold thermal conductivity improvement in BNNT‐containing polymers is obtained, and such composites maintain good electrical insulation. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the BNNT‐loaded polymers is dramatically reduced because of interactions between the polymer chains and the nanotubes. Moreover, the composites possess good mechanical properties, as revealed by Vickers microhardness tests. This detailed study indicates that BNNTs are very promising nanofillers for polymeric composites, allowing the simultaneous achievement of high thermal conductivity, low CTE, and high electrical resistance, as required for novel and efficient heat‐releasing materials.
Tistrella mobilis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacterium belonging to .ALPHA.-Proteobacteria. (2002)

Strain IAM 14872, isolated from wastewater in Thailand, is capable of producing polyhydroxyalkanoate. This bacterium is Gram-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic and highly motile with a single polar flagellum. Both oxidase and catalase activities are positive. The G+C content of DNA is 67.5% and Q-10 is the major quinone. The major cellular fatty acids are C(18:1)omega7c, 2-OH C(18:0) and 3-OH C(14:0). On the basis of the 16S rDNA sequence analysis and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that the strain IAM 14872 be classified in a new genus as Tistrella mobilis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is IAM 14872(T) (=TISTR 1108(T)).
Modelling and investigation of the silicon twin design 3D micro probe (2004)

The 3D micro probe is based on a silicon boss-membrane with piezo-resistive transducers, which enable the measurement of the deflections of the probing pin and, simultaneously, the forces in all three dimensions. The development of a 3D silicon boss-membrane micro probe poses the problem of different stiffnesses in the Z- and X-, Y-directions. In general the ratio of these stiffnesses is approximately 30. A novel design (the so-called twin design) makes the achievement of equal stiffness possible in the three orthogonal probing directions of the 3D micro probe. The twin design is based on two parallel single silicon boss-membranes attached to each other. An analytical model for the calculation of the mechanical properties of the twin design is submitted. The developed analytical model describes the deformations of the membranes if the probe pin is deflected, and also the nonlinear mechanical properties of the twin design 3D micro probe. A comparison and an analysis of the experimental and theoretical results of the twin design investigation were carried out.