gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212-2 on dopamine release in rat: an in vivo electrochemical study. (2008)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN55212-2, and the cannabinoid receptor antagonist, SR141716A, on dopamine (DA) release evoked by KC1 (120 mM) microinjected into the striatum. The cannabinoid agonist WIN55212-2 (1 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently attenuated DA release in the striatum, whereas the cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716A (3 mg/kg, i.p.) produced the opposite effect. SR141716A (3 mg/kg, i.p.) blocked the effects on DA release by WIN55212-2 (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Vehicle alone did not change DA release. These results suggest that cannabinoids modulate DA release in the striatum.
Uptake of yttrium-90 into lipid vesicles (1994)

Lipid vesicles may be safely and efficiently loaded with therapeutic dose levels of the beta emitter yttrium-90 (90Y) by using the ability of the cation ionophore A23187 to transport yttrium across the lipid bilayer where it is chelated on the vesicle interior by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). For 100 nm diameter vesicles composed of diplamitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and cholesterol (Choi), DPPC/Chol (1:1), containing 15 mM DTPA with 40 nmoles of external yttrium, total uptake was > 95% of added yttrium within 5 min at 50° using 0.4 ng of ionophore per nmole of lipid. Background binding in these neutral vesicles accounts for less than 0.1% of the yttrium associated with the vesicles. Important operational parameters were the amount of ionophore (> 0.2 μg of ionophore per μmole of lipid was required) and also the temperature (for DPPC/Chol (1:1) vesicles uptake at 40° was essentially background but was > 95% at 50°). The presence of the polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the membrane surface had no effect upon yttrium uptake. Once entrapped, vesicles did not leak any contents for several days at room temperature.
Assay for Enzymatic Protoporphyrinogen Oxidation, a LateStep in Heme Synthesis (1982)

Detailed directions are given for the spectrophotometric and fluorometric assays for protoporphyrinogen oxidation in rat liver mitochondria and other tissues. Linearity of the two assays with enzyme concentration is demonstrated. Some possible assay modifications and sources of error are mentioned. The fluorometric assay appears more sensitive, while the spectrophotometric assay may be more useful for assaying a wider variety of tissues. By both methods, rat liver mitochondria exhibit enzymatic oxidation at the rate of approximately 10 nmol protoporphyrin produced per hour per milligram protein.
Characterization of Puncture Forces for Retinal Vein Cannulation (2011)

For this study, we have collected puncture force data from the vasculature of the chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of developing chicken embryos to examine forces required for retinal vein cannulation. The CAM vessels of a developing chicken embryo have been shown to be an appropriate model for human retinal veins. The effect of microneedle geometry and vessel size on puncture forces was investigated. The results of this work are important for researchers working on robotic vitreoretinal surgical systems.
The sympathetic nervous response in inflammation (2014)

Over the past decades evidence has accumulated clearly demonstrating a pivotal role for the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and its neurotransmitters in regulating inflammation. The first part of this review provides the reader with an overview showing that the interaction of the SNS with the immune system to control inflammation is strongly context-dependent (for example, depending on the activation state of the immune cell or neuro-transmitter concentration). In the second part we focus on autoimmune arthritis as a well investigated example for sympathetically controlled inflammation to show that the SNS and catecholamines play a differential role depending on the time point of ongoing disease. A model will be developed to explain the proinflammatory effects of the SNS in the early phase and the anti-inflammatory effects of catecholamines in the later phase of autoimmune arthritis. In the final part, a conceptual framework is discussed that shows that a major purpose of increased SNS activity is nourishment of a continuously activated immune system at a systemic level using energy-rich fuels (glucose, amino acids, lipids), while uncoupling from central nervous regulation occurs at sites of inflammation by repulsion of sympathetic fibers and local adrenoceptor regulation. This creates zones of ‘permitted local inflammation’. However, if this ‘inflammatory configuration’ persists and is strong, as in autoimmunity, the effects are detrimental because of the resultant chronic catabolic state, leading to cachexia, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, and increased cardiovascular mortality, and so on. Today, the challenge is to translate this conceptual knowledge into clinical benefit.
Negative-Index Metamaterials: Going Optical (2006)

The race toward engineering metamaterials comprising of negative refractive indexes in the optical range started with the realization of negative-index materials for gigahertz frequencies six years ago. Sheer miniaturization of the gigahertz resonant structures is one approach. Alternative designs make use of localized plasmon resonant metal nanoparticles or nanoholes in metal films. Following this approach, a negative refractive index has been realized in the optical range very recently. We review these recent results and summarize how to unambiguously retrieve the effective refractive index of thin layers from data accessible to measurements. Numerical simulations show that a composite material comprising of silver strips and a gain-providing material can have a negative refractive index of -1.3 and 100% transmission, simultaneously
Vapor phase detection of nitroaromatic and nitroaliphatic explosives by fluorescence active metal–organic frameworks (2013)

The detection of explosives using chemical sensors is of paramount importance. Recent studies based on luminescent metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown that these materials can be effective detectors of high explosive substances. In the current study, we describe the explosive sensing properties of a series of zinc-based fluorescence active MOFs (or FAMs) built on prototypical paddle-wheel secondary building units.
Enantioselective Analysis of an Asymmetric Reaction Using a Chiral Fluorosensor (2005)

An axially chiral 1,8-dipyridylnaphthalene N,N'-dioxide has been employed in enantioselective fluorescence analysis of the enzymatic kinetic resolution of trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. The procedure eliminates cumbersome purification and derivatization steps required by traditional methods. The results demonstrate the potential of fluorescence spectroscopy using suitable chiral chemosensors for real-time analysis of the enantiomeric composition of chiral compounds and for high-throughput screening of asymmetric reactions. [structure: see text]
The Polymerization of Isoprene with sec-Butyllithium in Hexane (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Polymerization of Isoprene with sec-Butyllithium in HexaneJ. E. L. Roovers and S. BywaterCite this: Macromolecules 1968, 1, 4, 328–331Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60004a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60004a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views564Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transcription Factor E2F Is Required for Efficient Expression of the Hamster Dihydrofolate Reductase Gene In Vitro and In Vivo (1989)

The dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene encodes an enzyme important for metabolism and cell growth. We have found multiple DNA-protein interactions within the hamster DHFR gene promoter in vitro. These interactions occur over the consensus binding sites for two eucaryotic transcription factors. Sp1 and E2F. The DHFR E2F consensus site possesses a dyad symmetry and is unique in its location immediately 3' to the major transcription start site. The interaction of E2F with the DHFR promoter has been detected in HeLa nuclear extracts, confirmed by using partially purified E2F, and characterized by both enzymatic and chemical assays of the DNA-protein interaction. A mutation of the E2F recognition sequence which abolishes E2F binding to the DHFR promoter results in a two- to fivefold decrease of in vitro transcriptional activity and a fivefold reduction of DHFR promoter activity in transient-expression assays. Thus, the interaction of E2F with the DHFR promoter is required for efficient expression of the DHFR gene.
<i>Metabolic, Phylogenetic, and Ecological Diversity of the Methanogenic Archaea</i> (2008)

Although of limited metabolic diversity, methanogenic archaea or methanogens possess great phylogenetic and ecological diversity. Only three types of methanogenic pathways are known: CO(2)-reduction, methyl-group reduction, and the aceticlastic reaction. Cultured methanogens are grouped into five orders based upon their phylogeny and phenotypic properties. In addition, uncultured methanogens that may represent new orders are present in many environments. The ecology of methanogens highlights their complex interactions with other anaerobes and the physical and chemical factors controlling their function.
Behavioral and Physiological Response of White Sturgeon to an Electrical Sea Lion Barrier System (2009)

Abstract Action agencies have encouraged the development of a modified electrical fish barrier system to deter upstream movements of California sea lions Zalophus californianus as a means to reduce their predation on returning adult Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. within rivers along the West Coast of North America. Given that the barrier system does not discriminate which species will experience electrical shock, we studied the potential effects of the sea lion barrier on the survival, behavior, physiology, and injury of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. Fish subjected to acute electroshock had high survival (100%). Conversely, fish that became entrained within the electric field and therefore experienced chronic electroshock had lower survival (93%). White sturgeon altered their behavior by spending significantly more time avoiding the area over the barrier when electrical power was applied as compared with controls. Fish that experienced acute electroshock spent more time remaining motionless, presumably recovering from physiological disturbance. Our results indicate that white sturgeon had significantly higher plasma lactate than controls and that lactate remained at elevated levels for at least 4 h after electroshock. Plasma glucose, ion concentrations (chloride, sodium, and potassium), and indicators of cell damage (plasma hemoglobin and enzyme activity of aspartate transaminase) did not differ between electroshocked fish and controls. We did not observe any notable hemorrhages or notochord injuries in white sturgeon that experienced electrical shock. Our results suggest that the location for the electrical barrier system should be rigorously examined before barrier deployment and that the dates, frequency, and duration of use should be further refined to ensure that negative effects on nontarget species such as white sturgeon are minimized.
Laser‐polarized 3He as a probe for dynamic regional measurements of lung perfusion and ventilation using magnetic resonance imaging (2000)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using laser-polarized noble gases, such as 129Xe and 3He, allows unparalleled noninvasive information on gas distribution in lung airways and distal spaces. In addition to pulmonary ventilation, lung perfusion assessment is crucial for proper diagnosis of pathological conditions, such as pulmonary embolism. Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging usually can be performed using techniques based on the detection of water protons in tissues. However, lung proton imaging is extremely difficult due to the low proton density and the magnetically inhomogeneous structure of the lung parenchyma. Here we show that laser-polarized 3He can be used as a noninvasive probe to image, in a single MRI experiment, not only the ventilation but also the perfusion state of the lungs. Blood volume maps of the lungs were generated based on the 3He signal depletion during the first pass of a superparamagnetic contrast agent bolus. The combined and simultaneous lung ventilation and perfusion assessments are demonstrated in normal rat lungs and are applied to an experimental animal model of pulmonary embolism. Magn Reson Med 44:1–4, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Exploiting parallelism in physically-based simulations on multi-core processor architectures (2007)

As multi-core processor systems become more and more widespread, the demand for designing efficient parallel algorithms propagates also into the field of computer graphics. This is especially true for the physically-based simulation, which is notorious for expensive numerical methods. In this paper we explore possibilities for accelerating these algorithms on modern multi-core architectures. As an application we focus on physically-based cloth simulation. In this context, two distinct problems can be identified: the physical model and the collision handling stage — both bearing potential bottlenecks for the simulation. From the parallelization point of view these two components are substantially different. The physical model can be treated efficiently using static problem decomposition. The collision handling problem, however, requires a different approach, due to its dynamically changing structure. We address this problem using multi-threaded programming with fully dynamic task decomposition. Furthermore, we propose a new task splitting approach based on a robust work estimate. The associated data is derived from temporal coherence. Altogether, the combination of different parallelization techniques leads to a concise and yet versatile framework for highly efficient physical simulation.
A system model and protocol for Mobile Payment Consortia System (2009)

Mobile payment is a natural evolution of e-payment scheme that facilitates the customer to make payments at anytime and anywhere. It provides excellent opportunities for mobile users, application developers, service providers and researchers for the development of new applications in Mobile Commerce. A study reveals that there are wide ranges of mobile payment solutions and systems available with the aid of various services such as Short Message Service (SMS), but there is no secure and cost effective mobile payment system for educational institutions to collect the fees as well as for student community to pay the fees. This paper proposes a model for secure mobile payment system called Mobile Payment Consortia System that allows performing secure payment transactions as well as convenience using SMS services. The success of the Mobile Payment system in general, relies on protocols based on the requirements of security at different levels. The proposed model presents the security protocols using symmetric key cryptography techniques and also helps to reduce computational complexities for engaging customers at client level and at Institutional level. This system reduces the complexity of payment processes using SMS services through mobile devices, and reduces transactional cost for both students and educational institution.
PREPARATION OF HYDROTHERMALLY TREATED LRC/WATER FUEL SLURRIES (1986)

The hot-water coal drying process is a means of thermally beneficiating and dewatering lignite and subbituminous coal for the purpose of preparing dense low-rank coal/water fuel. In hot-water coal drying, which is a form of hydrothermal treatment, low-rank coal in a water slurry is treated at elevated temperatures of 513 to 623 K and at pressures in excess of the equivalent saturated steam pressures lo minimize vaporization of the water. This produces a coal product which contains less than one-third the inherent moisture of the raw coal and which is resistant to moisture reabsorption. The hydrothermally treated coal/water slurry resulting from the process can be concentrated by mechanical means (centrifuge, pressure filter)to form a pumpable coal/water fuel with greater than 60 weight percent bone-dry solids content and with an energy content greater than 15·4 MJ/Kg (6600 Btu/lb). Hydrothermal treatment also beneficiates the coal by reducing oxygen and minerals. Over 94 percent of the energy content of the raw coal remains in the product. Low-rank coal/water fuel is typically a pseudoplastic fluid, and for some low-rank coals, the slurry is stable towards settling, without the use of additives.
Rho GTPases and cell migration (2001)

Cell migration involves dynamic and spatially regulated changes to the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion. The Rho GTPases play key roles in coordinating the cellular responses required for cell migration. Recent research has revealed new molecular links between Rho family proteins and the actin cytoskeleton, showing that they act to regulate actin polymerization, depolymerization and the activity of actin-associated myosins. In addition, studies on integrin signalling suggest that the substratum continuously feeds signals to Rho proteins in migrating cells to influence migration rate. There is also increasing evidence that Rho proteins affect the organization of the microtubule and intermediate filament networks and that this is important for cell migration.
Destination alarm notification for public transportation passenger using Geo-Fence in mobile App (2018)

Geo-fence is a non visible parameter that allows interaction between user of mobile device and point of location in sending and retrieving information. A destination alarm mobile app can help to alert and notify passenger of public transportation on their current location and the destination. An alarm will be triggered once the mobile device enters the geo-fence of the point of destination. Eclipse Kepler is the platform to develop the bus destination mobile app. Using Java language; the mobile app is built compatible for Android User. The process started from drafting storyline and interface, developing coding geo-fence 300m from point of destinations and finally testing the mobile app in real travel journey. The actual locations of alarm triggered were collected by getting the latlong from Google Maps to determine the difference between the distances automatically measured from the actual locations of alarm triggered to the point of destinations. The difference on battery consumption while using and not using the app also taken into consideration. The actual alarm triggered slightly differs from the expected 300m from point of destinations but still acceptable near to the geo-fence. The alarm continuously notify passenger even after exiting the geo-fence until it be denied by the user. The alarm drain energy
Free motion headform testing: results and potential design countermeasures (1996)

This paper provides an overview of Free Motion Headform (FMH) impact testing on vehicle upper interior components from the perspective of typical testing results from conventional vehicles, a general methodology to interpret test results, and available design options for improving the crashworthiness characteristics in the event of head impact. Actual test data, as well as a statistical summary of testing results from tests conducted on many vehicles, is presented. Emphasis is placed on converting the test data from a time-based to a displacement-based format. A simple approach which can be used to estimate effective design countermeasure characteristics is described. A general discussion of available design countermeasure alternatives to increase the level of safety provided by interior components is provided. Readers of this paper will view testing results from a different perspective in that less focus will be directed to the specific injury index value, but more on the mechanics which caused the result. This perspective allows the engineer to focus on how to improve FMH test results through commonly accepted force management techniques. [A] For the covering abstract, see IRRD 896528.
OMEGA: GLOBAL NAVIGATING BY VLF FIX (1979)

Omega navigation system is described as a simple, economical moderately accurate system for navigation by sea and air. Seven of the eight planned Omega transmitting stations are now operational and provide almost complete coverage. Signal synchronization, VLF propagation, accuracy, equipment costs are considered.
Physical layer verification for 3GPP LTE (FDD) (2009)

3GPP LTE is many different from the existing WCDMA based systems. The newness and the complexity of 3GPP LTE physical layer give increment to a number of product development challenges. This paper summarizes the change of physical layer and modulation scheme for 3GPP LTE and shows the simulation and test results of complex LTE physical layer and modulation scheme.
Electrogram criteria for identification of appropriate target sites for radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular connections. (1992)

The local electrogram parameters of greatest importance in predicting the success or failure of radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory AV connections are electrogram stability, the presence of an accessory AV connection potential, and the timing of ventricular activation relative to the QRS complex (for manifest accessory AV connections) or retrograde continuous electrical activity (for concealed accessory AV connections). Awareness of these variables during attempts at radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory AV connections may minimize the number of unnecessary applications of radiofrequency energy.
Nifedipine GITS and hydrochlorothiazide in essential hypertension. (1987)

Twenty-nine subjects with mild to moderate essential hypertension completed this 13 week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing the antihypertensive effects of nifedipine GITS (N) (30-60 mg/day), hydrochlorothiazide (H) (25-50 mg/day) and placebo (P). Nifedipine GITS is a new formulation designed for once daily administration. N lowered blood pressure 15/10 mmHg (p less than 0.0005/p less than 0.0001), H 15/8 mmHg (p less than 0.0005/p 0.05), and P 4/0 mmHg (p = NS). All patients required the larger dose of active drug to control BP. No drug affected the heart rate. For N, but not H, there was a positive correlation between age and the magnitude in reduction of SBP (r = 0.79; p less than 0.005), but not for DPB. N drug levels did not correlate with its antihypertensive effect. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, aldosterone, and plasma renin activity were not affected by N. No patients on N experienced immediate vasodilator side effects. N is a well tolerated and effective antihypertensive drug that can be given once daily. It does not cause reflex stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.