gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SUPERCONDUCTOR MILESTONE Flexible tape carries record- high current (1995)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSUPERCONDUCTOR MILESTONE Flexible tape carries record- high currentRON DAGANICite this: Chem. Eng. News 1995, 73, 17, 6–7Publication Date (Print):April 24, 1995Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 24 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v073n017.p006https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v073n017.p006newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1995 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views11Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Magnetic resonance imaging,Materials,Nitrogen,Superconductors,Wires Get e-Alerts
Additional PKA phosphorylation sites in human cardiac troponin I (2001)

We used mass spectrometry to monitor cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalysed phosphorylation of human cardiac troponin I in vitro. Phosphorylation of isolated troponin I by cAMP-dependent protein kinase resulted in the covalent incorporation of phosphate on at least five different sites on troponin I, and a S22/23A troponin I mutant incorporated phosphates on at least three sites. In addition to the established phosphorylation sites (S22 and S23) we found that S38 and S165 were the other two main sites of phosphorylation. These 'overphosphorylation' sites were not phosphorylated sufficiently slower than S22 and S23 that we could isolate pure S22/23 bisphosphorylated troponin I. Overphosphorylation of troponin I reduced its affinity for troponin C, as measured by isothermal titration microcalorimetry. Phosphorylation of S22/23A also decreased its affinity for troponin C indicating that phosphorylation of S38 and/or S165 impedes binding of troponin I to troponin C. Formation of a troponin I/troponin C complex prior to cAMP-dependent protein kinase treatment did not prevent overphosphorylation. When whole troponin was phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, however, [(32)P]phosphate was incorporated only into troponin I and only at S22 and S23. Mass spectrometry confirmed that overphosphorylation is abolished in the ternary complex. Troponin I bisphosphorylated exclusively at S22 and S23 troponin I showed reduced affinity for troponin C but the effect was diminished with respect to overphosphorylated troponin I. These results show that care should be exercised when interpreting data obtained with troponin I phosphorylated in vitro.
Optical communication over the turbulent atmospheric channel using spatial diversity (2003)

Optical communication through clear atmosphere provides a means for high data rate communication (Gbps) over relatively short distances (/spl sim/km). However, turbulence in the atmosphere leads to fades of varying depths, some of which may lead to heavy loss of data. We consider spatial diversity at both the transmitter and receiver as a means to mitigate the short-term loss of signal strength. Using direct detection receivers and binary pulse position modulation as an example, we derive the outage probability of spatial diversity systems that use equal gain combining and optimal combining. The power gain of using these spatial diversity systems is found to be substantial. Hence, we feel diversity systems should be used as the key technique for clear atmospheric optical channels.
Isolation from pig liver microsomes, identification by tandem mass spectrometry and in vitro immunosuppressive activity of an SDZ-RAD 17,18,19,20,21,22-tris-epoxide (2000)

Macrolide immunosuppressive drugs such as tacrolimus (FK506) and sirolimus (rapamycin) are compounds largely used in modern immunosuppressive therapy and considered as powerful immunosuppressive agents. Some of these molecules are still under clinical development as, for example, SDZ-RAD (40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)rapamycin), an immunosuppressive drug closely related to rapamycin. SDZ-RAD has a molecular mass of 957.57 Da (C53H83NO14) and shares the same common intracellular receptor as tacrolimus, the FK-506 binding protein (FKBP-12). SDZ-RAD exerts its pharmacological effect by binding to a different effector protein, inhibits the S6p 70-kinase and interrupts a different signal transduction pathway than tacrolimus. Both SDZ-RAD and rapamycin are metabolized mainly by the cytochrome P-450 3A4-dependent mixed function oxygenase enzyme system to hydroxylated and demethylated metabolites. We describe here the isolation from pig liver microsomes of a novel SDZ-RAD metabolite identified by electrospray tandam mass spectrometry as a new SDZ-RAD 17,18,19,20,21,22-tris-epoxide metabolite. The in vitro immunosuppressive activity as measured by the mixed lymphocyte reaction is more or less comparable to that of SDZ-RAD, although its pharmacological mode of action may be different from that classically described for rapamycin. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional studies on the EGF receptor with an antibody that recognizes the intracellular portion of the receptor. (1986)

An antibody against the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF), capable of activating its tyrosine kinase has been produced. Antibody 2913 recognizes only the cytoplasmic portion of the EGF receptor in A431 carcinoma cells, in normal human fibroblasts, and in a variety of other human tumor cell lines (Xu, Y.-A., Richert, N., Ito, S., Merlino, G. T., and Pastan, I. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 81, 7308-7313). Indirect immunofluorescence and electron microscopy show that the antibody binds to intact cells only after membrane permeabilization. Moreover the antibody immunoprecipitates the v-erb-B gene product in avian myeloblastosis virus-infected cells but does not recognize the secreted form (105 kDa) of the A431 cell EGF receptor which lacks the cytoplasmic domain. Antibody 2913 activates the EGF receptor kinase in solubilized A431 membranes causing autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues only. Tryptic peptide maps suggest that antibody 2913 and EGF stimulate phosphorylation of the same amino acid residues. By electron microscopy, the cytoplasmic portion of the receptor was followed throughout its endocytotic pathway. The results show that the kinase domain is rapidly degraded in lysosomes with no accumulation in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus.
MECHANISMS OF WOOD DIGESTION IN THE SHIPWORM<i>BANKIA GOULDI</i>BARTSCH: ENZYME DEGRADATION OF CELLULOSES, HEMICELLULOSES, AND WOOD CELL WALLS (1978)

Tissue extracts from the digestive tract of the wood-boring bivalve Bankia gouldi were tested for their ability to degrade celluloses and wood to soluble sugars. Tissue extracts showed high levels of glucose production from cellobiose, demonstrating the presence of β-glucosidase. The crystal structure of cellulose determines its lability to enzymes. Microcrystalline cellulose (MC) was used as an analogue to native crystalline cellulose in wood cell walls. Swollen microcrystalline cellulose (SMC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are more labile celluloses. Bankia goudi extracts showed maximum activity on SMC and minimum activity on MC, when assayed as glucose production. When assayed over time, glucose production from SMC gradually declined as a function of enzyme inactivation and decreasing substrate lability. These results are interpreted as showing the removal of a cellulose fraction of altered crystal structure, leaving the more inert native crystalline fraction. Activity of Bankia gouldi extracts over time was compared to commercial cellulose-digesting enzyme preparations. The pattern of activity closely resembles that of Aspergillus niger, a fungus unable to grow on native crystalline cellulose. The pattern is very different from that seen with Trichoderma viride and Helix pomatia enzymes, characterized as true cellulose decomposing systems. The production of glucose from ground wood by Bankia gouldi extracts is consistent with the crystallinity of the substrate and the results for purified cellulose. A higher level of production of reducing sugars other than glucose indicates the digestion of wood hemicelluloses. Digestibility of wood hemicelluloses is limited by the lignin fraction in the wood cell wall. The experimental results were interpreted in terms of a model for the molecular architecture of the wood cell wall. The cellulose is present as crystalline fibrils coated with hydrophilic hemicellulose polymers. These coated fibrils are embedded in a hydrophobic lignin matrix. The digestibility of wood is a function of polymer accessibility and lability to digestive enzymes. The enzymes demonstrated in vitro in Bankia gouldi tissue extracts are β-1,4-glucanases with limited activity on native crystalline cellulose, which they cannot digest at a nutritionally significant rate. The mechanism of cellulose digestion by shipworms remains an unsolved problem.
The use of plate heat exchangers in growing human fibroblasts. (1983)

A method of using plate exchange equipment for the culture of anchorage dependent cells is described. No special orientation of the plates is required and cells may be readily recovered for subsequent use in other culture vessels. The method offers certain advantages over existing systems.
The melting point of impure organic compounds (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe melting point of impure organic compoundsEugene Allen Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1942, 19, 6, 278Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1942Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1942Published inissue 1 June 1942https://doi.org/10.1021/ed019p278RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1912Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptide Mimics (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Studies on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Amino Acid Carbamates (1987)

Several commercially available enzymes were tested for their ability to hydrolyze amino acid carbamates. No activity was found with pig liver esterase, the hydantoinase from Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 84, or the urease from jack beans. A stereoselective cleavage of the carbamyl group yielding L-amino acids was observed by acylase and acetylcholinesterases from bovine and human erythrocytes. Racemic mixtures of N-(methoxycarbonyl)-DL-alanine, N-(ethoxycarbonyl)-DL-alanine, and the corresponding valine carbamates are hydrolyzed to L-alanine and L-valine, respectively, by acylases leaving the D-amino acid carbamates unchanged. The lysine carbamates were not hydrolyzed by acylases. In contrast only the methoxycarbonyl amino acids were split by acetylcholinesterases, which, however, also cleave alpha, epsilon-(N-methoxycarbonyl)-DL-lysine stereoselectively at the alpha position, yielding epsilon-N-methoxycarbonyl-L-lysine. The optimum pH for enzymatic activity of hog kidney acylase was 7.5 and a Km value of 8.2 mM for N-(methoxycarbonyl)-DL-alanine was determined. For the acetylcholinesterases the reaction rate reaches an optimum between pH 7.5 and 8. The Km value was 68 mM for N-(methoxycarbonyl)-DL-alanine.
X-ray phase laminography with a grating interferometer using iterative reconstruction (2012)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Sébastien Harasse, Wataru Yashiro, Atsushi Momose; X-ray phase laminography with a grating interferometer using iterative reconstruction. AIP Conf. Proc. 31 July 2012; 1466 (1): 163–168. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4742286 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
An Improved BET Method for Brain Segmentation (2014)

The Brain Extraction Tool (BET) developed by Smith is widely used for brain segmentation due to its simplicity, accuracy and insensitivity to parameter settings. However, it typically requires a large number of iterations to generate acceptable results. It also sometimes fails to recognize boundaries of the brain. Moreover, obvious under-segmentation occurs for some datasets. In this paper, we present an improved BET method where at each iteration, we enhance the vertex displacement, add a new search path and embed an independent surface reconstruction process. These strategies lead to much faster convergence. Furthermore, a scheme based on fuzzy c-means is proposed to refine the segmentation. Experimental results based on various datsets demonstrated that the proposed method significantly outperforms the original BET and other competing methods.
Refining personal and social presence in virtual meetings (2014)

Virtual worlds show promise for conducting meetings and conferences without the need for physical travel. Current experience suggests the major limitation to the more widespread adoption and acceptance of virtual conferences is the failure of existing environments to provide a sense of immersion and engagement, or of ‘being there’. These limitations are largely related to the appearance and control of avatars, and to the absence of means to convey non-verbal cues of facial expression and body language. This paper reports on a study involving the use of a mass-market motion sensor (Kinect™) and the mapping of participant action in the real world to avatar behaviour in the virtual world. This is coupled with full-motion video representation of participant’s faces on their avatars to resolve both identity and facial expression issues. The outcomes of a small-group trial meeting based on this technology show a very positive reaction from participants, and the potential for further exploration of these concepts.
Scleroderma After Silicone Augmentation Mammoplasty (1988)

Scleroderma was diagnosed in five patients two to 21 years after silicone augmentation mammoplasty. Four patients had features of typical scleroderma and one patient had the clinical features of eosinophilic fasciitis. These five patients represent 4.4% of 113 new female patients with scleroderma who were seen during a period of seven years. In contrast, only one (0.3%) of 286 new patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were seen during the same interval had had a breast implant. This difference was statistically significant and suggests a relationship between silicone augmentation mammoplasty and scleroderma. Due to the long period of latency observed, the full impact of this association may not yet be apparent.
Effect of 15-Year-Long Fertilization on Potassium Quantity/Intensity Relationships in Black Soil in Northeastern China (2011)

The effect of long-term fertilization and cropping on soil potassium (K)–supplying capacity has not been extensively studied. Five treatments [control, nitrogen (N), N–potassium (P), NPK, and NPK + manure (NPKM)] were used to evaluate the quantity and intensity relationship (Q/I) of K in black soil (Luvic Phaeozems soil) after a 15-year (1990–2005) long-term fertilization with a continuous corn cropping located in Changchun, Jilin Province, northeast China. Results showed that the long-term K fertilization of NPK or NPKM markedly increased the values of equilibrium active ratio (AR0 K) and nonspecifically available K (−ΔK0) but decreased the potential buffering capacity (PBCK) value. Values of the AR0 K and −ΔK0 in the NPK and NPKM treatment were about four and two times greater than those in the control, N, and NP treatments, respectively. Compared with the non-K fertilization, PBCK values were decreased by 40–49% under the K fertilization. The black soil suffered from K deficiency even with NPK fertilization as evidenced from the greater free energies of K+ exchanging for calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) (−ΔG) (14.7–18.8 kJ mol−1) than the threshold value of 14.6 kJ mol−1, from the lower soil K+ saturation (1.34%–1.44%) than the critical value of 2.00%, and from the response of corn yield to K fertilization. Our results demonstrated that the increment of the current K application rate through fertilizer and/or manure is needed to improve corn yield in the long run in northeastern China.
Gray platelet syndrome. Demonstration of alpha granule membranes that can fuse with the cell surface. (1987)

Platelets from patients with the gray platelet syndrome have decreased recognizable alpha granules and are markedly deficient in some alpha-granule secretory proteins. Using immunocytochemical techniques with antibodies to an alpha-granule membrane protein, GMP-140, we identified the membranes of intracellular vesicles in gray platelets as alpha-granule membranes. Gray platelets contained normal amounts of GMP-140 as measured by electroimmunoassay. The activation of gray platelets with thrombin caused GMP-140 to be redistributed to the plasma membrane surface, as in normal platelets. In agreement with previous studies, an endogenously synthesized secretory protein, platelet factor 4, was undetectable in gray platelets. However, the alpha-granule proteins albumin and IgG, which are thought to be derived from endocytosis of plasma proteins into megakaryocytes, were present in substantial quantities and were secreted efficiently from gray platelets. Therefore, the fundamental defect in the gray platelet syndrome may be in the targeting of endogenously synthesized secretory proteins to developing alpha granules in megakaryocytes.
Biology of human megakaryocyte factor V (1986)

To learn more about human megakaryocyte coagulation cofactor V (FV), we studied the expression of this protein in normal bone marrow megakaryocytes and in megakaryocytes cloned from their colony-forming unit in FV-depleted plasma clot cultures. Mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against either the light chain or an activation peptide of human FV and a rabbit polyclonal, monospecific FV antiserum were used as probes for these experiments in conjunction with a variety of immunochemical detection techniques. All morphologically recognizable megakaryocytes were shown to contain FV. The origin of this protein appeared to be both from FV bound to the cell as well as from endogenous FV in the majority of cells examined. The existence of a population of small bone marrow mononuclear cells that simultaneously expressed platelet glycoproteins and FV was also noted. Such cells represented approximately 70% of all small cells positive for platelet glycoproteins. In contrast, only about 40% of megakaryocyte colonies cloned in FV-deficient medium contained cells with immunochemically detectable FV. FV expression was most clearly demonstrated in large cells in the colonies, whereas smaller, presumably less mature cells labeled weakly or not at all. Synthesis of FV by human megakaryocytes was documented using elutriation-enriched cells incubated in 35S- methionine-containing medium. Megakaryocyte lysates and medium conditioned by these cells were subjected to immunoaffinity column purification. Column eluates analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed radioactive bands comigrating with the heavy and light chains of thrombin-activated FV. These studies suggest that human megakaryocytes both bind and synthesize FV. Expression of these traits appears to be related to cell maturation, with binding ability appearing earlier than the ability to synthesize this protein. Finally, although the ability to bind FV appears to be universal among megakaryocytes, our culture data suggest that synthesis may be a restricted, or constitutively expressed property of these cells.
Preparation and Characterization of Porphyrin Nanoparticles (2002)

The synthesis, characterization, and stability of porphyrin nanoparticles of 20-200 nm diameter presented herein is general for meso arylporphyrins. The elegance of the method lies in its simplicity. This work shows that the agent used to prevent agglomeration can be covalently attached to the dye forming the particle or be part of the solvent system. It also demonstrates that these and other types of dyes with a range of photonic properties do not need to be prepared by inclusion in external matrices or by designed self-assembly a priori. The matrix may severely limit the functionality of the particles in the former case, and at present this size of particle is difficult to achieve via the latter.
Induction of Tumor-Specific Immunity in Mice by Immunization With Reconstituted Tumor Membrane Liposomes Containing Recombinant B7-2 (CD86) (2000)

There has been considerable interest in developing experimental vaccines using genetically modified tumor cells expressing cytokines or costimulatory molecules to enhance immunogenicity. The authors investigated an alternative approach of using protein transfer rather than gene transfer to introduce costimulatory molecules rapidly into tumor membranes. Immunization with a single dose of reconstituted tumor membrane liposomes containing purified recombinant B7-2 (CD86) induced tumor rejection in mice challenged with syngeneic tumors, including the poorly immunogenic AG104A fibrosarcoma. These findings support the possibility that cell-free vaccines composed of reconstituted tumor membrane liposomes containing additional immunostimulatory proteins may offer a practical and safe alternative to genetically modified tumor cells for treating human cancer.
The Morphology of Sealed Anodic Films Formed on Aluminium in Phosphoric Acid (1975)

SummaryThe long term sealing of porous anodic films, formed on aluminium in phosphoric acid, has been studied by electron microscopical examination of replicas taken from fracture sections of the film. Sealing for 72 h results in major morphological changes, particularly in the outer 2–3 μm thickness. The outer surface becomes covered by crystalline oxide which obliterates the pores; in section the pores are completely filled even in the depths of the film and there is an intermediate layer present between the outer surface crystals and the blocked pores.