gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FOAMED ASPHALT STABILIZED RECLAIMED ASPHALT PAVEMENT: A PROMISING TECHNOLOGY FOR MID-WESTERN ROADS (2003)

Recycling of the materials obtained from the milling of asphalt pavements, known as RAP (Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement), involves mixing RAP with asphalt cement/emulsion and aggregates in definite proportions to produce a new asphalt concrete mix or cold-in place recycled mixture. However, in many cases, the RAP is unusable because it is not uniform (i.e. it may originate from different sources) or the underlying pavement does not provide adequate structural support. One solution to this inadequate support problem is construction of a base with full depth reclamation (FDR) materials stabilized with foamed asphalt. The process is also suitable for moist materials since the moisture is needed to accomplish base compaction. A research project was initiated at Kansas State University to estimate the structural contribution of the foamed asphalt stabilized bases in a typical pavement structure. Four pavement test sections, three with foamed asphalt stabilized bases and one with conventional crushed stone base, were constructed at the Civil Infrastructure Systems Laboratory (CISL). Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) tests were conducted before accelerating loading of these test sections. The layer moduli were backcalculated from the FWD deflection data and the structural layer coefficients were estimated
Theory of High Frequency Differential Interferometry: Application to the Measurement of Infrared Circular and Linear Dichroism via Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (1979)

A general method for the direct measurement of differential absorption intensities using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is described. The differential intensities must be higher in frequency than the interferogram frequencies and may arise from a periodic variation of the absorption strength of the sample, or by dichroic response of the sample to alternate states of polarization of the infrared beam. Specific expressions are presented for the measurement of circular and linear dichroism. These expressions represent an extension of the Grosjean-Legrand polarization modulation technique to Fourier transform interferometry.
Peppermint Oil for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Critical Review and Metaanalysis (1998)

The role of peppermint oil in the symptomatic treatment of IBS has so far not been established beyond reasonable doubt. Well designed and carefully executed studies are needed to clarify the issue.
Electrophilic reactions at single bonds. XVII. Antimony pentafluoride aluminum trichloride, and silver antimony hexafluoride catalyzed chlorination and chlorolysis of alkanes and cycloalkanes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrophilic reactions at single bonds. XVII. Antimony pentafluoride aluminum trichloride, and silver antimony hexafluoride catalyzed chlorination and chlorolysis of alkanes and cycloalkanesGeorge A. Olah, Rudi. Renner, Peter. Schilling, and Yoke K. MoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 23, 7686–7692Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00804a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00804a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vascular adhesion molecules in acute and chronic liver inflammation (1992)

Adhesion to and penetration through the sinusoidal vascular endothelium is a mandatory step for leukocyte migration and accumulation at sites of liver inflammation. This leukocyte trafficking is controlled by interactions between adhesion molecules on leukocytes and corresponding ligands on endothelial cells. We have analyzed the in situ distribution of two recently described vascular adhesion molecules (i.e., endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and of the lymphocyte "homing" receptor cluster of differentiation antigen-44 in normal and inflamed liver biopsy specimens. Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were absent from normal liver tissue, but they were strongly expressed on sinusoidal lining cells in inflammatory liver disease. Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 expression predominated diffusely throughout the liver parenchyma in acute hepatitis; in contrast, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 was mainly expressed in areas of periportal and intralobular inflammation in chronic active and persistent hepatitis. The "homing" receptor cluster of differentiation antigen-44 was weakly expressed on scattered mononuclear cells and on sinusoidal lining cells in normal liver tissue, but it was strongly up-regulated on mononuclear inflammatory cells and sinusoidal lining cells in acute and chronic hepatitis. In addition, reactivity for the cluster of differentiation antigen-44 was found on the membranes of variously sized clusters of hepatocytes in biopsy specimens with acute hepatitis. De novo or up-regulated expression of these adhesion molecules on sinusoidal lining cells in inflamed liver biopsy specimens indicates that these cells actively modulate their phenotype in response to environmental factors, thus playing a key role in the recruitment of leukocytes in acute and chronic liver inflammation.
Chiral Tetraazamacrocycles Having Four Pendant-Arms (2009)

A chiral tetraazamacrocycle 9 having four pendant-arms was synthesized by repeating ring opening of an Ns-aziridine with secondary amines, followed by macrocyclization. The structure of 9 has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and NMR studies. Sugar-hybrid molecules 12a-12f were synthesized based on the scaffold 9. NMR study showed that 12a-12f keep the similar conformation as 9 in solution.
Metal filter materials in combustion environments (1996)

We examined how flexibly we plan sequences of actions when we switch between multiple action sequences. Mastering a sequential skill is assumed to involve integrating successive actions into groups known as chunks that can be efficiently planned and smoothly executed. Chunking is suggested by gains in planning efficiency for long compared to short action sequences following practice and learning associations between actions and perceptual outcomes. Less is understood about how efficiently we plan sequential chunks when we switch between multiple action sequences. Do we plan learned chunks less efficiently when we switch to a different action sequence? We examined this question by comparing the initiation and execution latencies of long versus short action sequences, performed from memory, when sequences switched or repeated across trials. Additionally, each action within the sequences generated predictable perceptual outcomes that were either spatially compatible or spatially incompatible with the action sequences. Results suggested repetition costs (instead of benefits) when performing long sequences. Repetition, as opposed to switching, prolonged initiation and increased the error rate of long compared to short sequences. We attribute these results to the flexible coordination of chunk planning and execution. Repetition may prolong advanced planning of long sequences in order to resolve conflict between multiple chunks, and switching may allow the planning of later chunks to be postponed until execution. We propose that the chunking of action sequences can both facilitate and interfere with action-switching performance.
Transcription factor decoy for nuclear factor-κB inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced expression of interleukin-6 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cells (1998)

Our results demonstrate that nuclear factor-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides transfected by cationic liposome method inhibited tumor necrosis factor--induced expression of interleukin-6 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cells.
Perivascular cells in blood vessel regeneration (2013)

Vascular engineering seeks to design and construct functional blood vessels comprising endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular cells (PCs), with the ultimate goal of clinical translation. While EC behavior has been extensively investigated, PCs play an equally significant role in the development of novel regenerative strategies, providing functionality and stability to vessels. The two major classes of PCs are vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) and pericytes; vSMCs can be further sub-classified as either contractile or synthetic. The inclusion of these cell types is crucial for successful regeneration of blood vessels. Furthermore, understanding distinctions between vSMCs and pericytes will enable improved therapeutics in a tissue-specific manner. Here we focus on the approaches and challenges facing the use of PCs in vascular regeneration, including their characteristics, stem cell sources, and interactions with ECs. Finally, we discuss biochemical and microRNA (miR) regulators of PC behavior and engineering approaches that mimic various cues affecting PC function.
General Motors: Final Report for Hydrogen Storage Engineering Center of Excellence (2015)

As part of the HSECoE team, the GM team built system models and detailed transport models for on-board hydrogen storage systems using metal hydrides and adsorbent materials. Detailed transport models have been developed for both the metal hydride and adsorbent systems with a focus on optimization of heat exchanger designs with the objective of minimizing the heat exchanger mass. We also performed work in collaboration with our partners on storage media structuring and enhancement studies for the metal hydride and adsorbent materials. Since the hydrogen storage materials are generally characterized by low density and low thermal conductivity, we conducted experiments to form pellets and add thermal conductivity enhancers to the storage material, and to improve cycling stability and durability of the metal hydride and adsorbent materials. Refueling of a MOF-5 pellet with cryogenic hydrogen was studied by developing a detailed two-dimensional axisymmetric COMSOL® model of the process. The effects of pellet permeability, thermal conductivity, and thermal conductivity enhancers were investigated. Our key area of focus has been on designing and building a cryo-adsorption vessel for validation of cryo-adsorption models. The 3-L cryogenic tank was used to study the fast fill and discharge dynamics of a cryo-adsorbent storage system, both experimentally and numerically.
Time-frequency analysis of musical signals (1996)

The major time and frequency analysis methods that have been applied to music processing are traced and application areas described. Techniques are examined in the context of Cohen's class, facilitating comparison and the design of new approaches. A trumpet example illustrates most techniques. The impact of different analysis methods on pitch and timbre examination is shown. Analyses spanning Fourier series and transform, pitch synchronous analysis, heterodyne filter, short-time Fourier transform (STFT), phase vocoder, constant-Q and wavelet transforms, the Wigner (1932) distribution, and the modal distribution are all covered. The limitations of windowing methods and their reliance on steady-state assumptions and infinite duration sinusoids to define frequency and amplitude are detailed. The Wigner distribution, in contrast, uses the analytic signal to define instantaneous frequency and power parameters. The modal distribution is shown to be a linear transformation of the Wigner distribution optimized for estimating those parameters for a musical signal model. Application areas consider analysis, resynthesis, transcription, and visualization. The more stringent requirements for time-frequency (TF) distributions in these applications are compared with the weaker requirements found in speech analysis and highlight the need for further theoretical research.
Echo Projection Imaging-A Method to Obtain NMR Images Undistorted by Magnetic Field Inhomogeneities (1985)

It is proposed to use a modified form of Mansfield's echo planar imaging to obtain NMR images which are entirely undistorted by background inhomogeneities of the magnetic field. In the proposed method, a train of 180 degrees pulses is applied in the presence of a periodically switched or sinusoidally modulated linear field gradient. The time-domain signal is sampled at half the distance between the 180 degrees pulses. At these points the magnetization will be modulated by the gradient, but will be independent of any mechanisms of inhomogeneous broadening, such as static field inhomogeneities, local susceptibility effects, or chemical shifts. A Fourier transform of the function comprising these points will therefore yield a faithful projection of the spin density, although the magnitude of the superimposed gradient need not be large compared to the inhomogeneous broadenings. This paper demonstrates the application of the proposed pulse sequence to a small-scale one-dimensional phantom. The major problem in upscaling this technique to human-scale dimensions lies in the limited available and allowed RF power, which in turn limits the maximal tolerable field inhomogeneities as well as the maximal practical field strength. An analysis of the tolerance of the proposed technique to these factors is presented, based on numerical simulation of its performance, using the Bloch equations. It is concluded that its use may be feasible on low-field systems, providing the advantages of increased signal-to-noise, lower required gradient strength, and drastically reduced sensitivity to the homogeneity and stability of the magnetic field, at the expense of larger RF power.
Single-mode, tunable operation of a XeF excimer laser employing an original interferometer (1984)

We report single-mode operation, with transform-limited bandwidth, of a XeF excimer laser utilizing a novel grating-interferometer-based optical cavity. The laser beam has a bandwidth of ~40 MHz with a half-power tunability of ~0.7 nm. Laser peak power is ~10 W.
Optimised antireflection coatings for planar silicon solar cells using remote PECVD silicon nitride and porous silicon dioxide (1999)

Silicon nitride (SiN) films fabricated by remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (RPECVD) have recently been shown to provide an excellent electronic passivation of silicon surfaces. This property, in combination with its large refractive index, makes RPECVD SiN an ideal candidate for a surface-passivating antireflection coating on silicon solar cells. A major problem of these films, however, is the fact that the extinction coefficient increases with increasing refractive index. Hence, a careful optimisation of RPECVD SiN based antireflection coatings on silicon solar cells must consider the light absorption within the films. Optimal optical performance of silicon solar cells in air is obtained if the RPECVD SiN films are combined with a medium with a refractive index below 1·46, such as porous SiO2. In this study, the dispersion of the refractive indices and the extinction coefficients of RPECVD SiN, porous SiO2, and several other relevant materials (MgF2, TiOx, ZnS, B270 crown glass, soda lime glass, ethylene vinyl acetate and resin as used in commercial photovoltaic modules) are experimentally determined. Based on these data, the short-circuit currents of planar silicon solar cells covered by RPECVD SiN and/or porous SiO2 single- and multi-layer antireflection coatings are numerically maximised for glass-encapsulated as well as non-encapsulated operating conditions. The porous SiO2/RPECVD SiN-based antireflection coatings optimised for these applications are shown to be universally suited for silicon solar cells, regardless of the internal blue or red response of the cells. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A computational structure for preattentive perceptual organization: graphical enumeration and voting methods (1994)

Presents an efficient computational structure for preattentive perceptual organization. By perceptual organization the authors refer to the ability of a vision system to organize features detected in images based on viewpoint consistency and other Gestaltic perceptual phenomena. This usually has two components, a primarily bottom up preattentive part and a top down attentive part, with meaningful features emerging in a synergistic fashion from the original set of (very) primitive features. In this work the authors advance a computational structure for preattentive perceptual organization. The authors propose a hierarchical approach, using voting methods to build associations through consensus and relational graphs to represent the organization at each level. The voting method is very efficient in terms of time and space and performs impressively for a wide range of organizations. The graphical representation allows the ready extraction of higher order features, or perceptual tokens, because the relational information is rendered explicit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cost effectiveness of a 92-gene assay for the diagnosis of metastatic cancer (2014)

Use of the 92-gene assay for diagnosing metastatic tumors of uncertain origin is associated with reduced misdiagnoses, increased survival, and improved quality of life. Incorporating the assay into current practice is a cost-effective approach to standardizing diagnostic methods while improving patient care. Limitations of this analysis are the lack of data availability and resulting modeling simplifications, although sensitivity analyses showed these to not be key drivers of results.
Real Life Bovine Pharmacology Physiology and Pharmacology of the Bovine Respiratory System (1987)

While antibiotics are and will remain the mainstay of therapy for bovine pneumonia, there are many other factors besides simple bacterial growth that contribute to the pathogenesis of bacterial colonization, proliferation, and tissue damage. In particular, the body's responses to the factors which predispose to colonization, and its subsequent responses to the bacterium and its products, play a major role in the degree of damage and the eventual outcome. Pharmacological modification of these responses may alter the severity and outcome of the disease process, either positively or negatively. A review of the pathophysiology of bovine pneumonia will reveal areas where pharmacological intervention beyond antibiotics is indicated or contraindicated.
EMI shielding of intinsically conductive polymers (1992)

Abstract Results of this study, in which shielding efficiencies are measured for a number of blends containing various conductive fillers including intrinsically conductive polymers, are reported. It is shown that a very high level of shielding performance can be achieved by use of intrinsically conductive polymers in thermoplastic blends and that the most reliable measure of this performance is obtained from far‐field shielding measurements. However, near‐field measurements provide a useful method for comparing the relative shielding effectiveness of different samples. A PVC blend containing nearly uniformly dispersed intrinsically conductive polymer proved to be the best performing sample.
Double‐cleavage production of the CTL epitope by proteasomes and PA28: role of the flanking region (1997)

The flanking regions outside pRL1b of suitable length appear to be essential for the correct CTL epitope production, possibly functioning as anchors to trap target peptides for proteasomal degradation. We propose a novel mechanism for dual-cleavage excision of immunodominant epitopes by proteasomes and PA28.
[Changes in the membrane permeability of erythrocytes during blood coagulation in vitro]. (1990)

It was established that permeability of erythrocyte membranes increases significantly during coagulation of blood in vitro. As a result, a certain amount of biosubstrates may pass into blood plasma from the erythrocytes. The increase of red cell membrane permeability in coagulation of blood is due to activation of free-radical oxidation of the cell lipid structures.
QoS agency: an agent-based architecture for supporting quality of service in distributed multimedia systems (2002)

The quality of service (QoS) is a core issue in multimedia systems. Intuitively, the QoS states how good the services provided by a multimedia system are. As a rule, the QoS is established through negotiation between users and service providers. The negotiation involves allocation and management of resources in order to attain a desired level of quality. Examples of such resources are peripherals, CPU, network bandwidth, data formats and synchronization levels. The process of negotiation is simple if the resources are managed by a single entity (eg. operating system) or by a set of entities supporting a common negotiation protocol. Unfortunately, in distributed multimedia systems the negotiation and management of resources are far from being simple tasks since resources are diversified, distributed and managed by different entities. In order to minimize such difficulties, an agent-based architecture for QoS negotiation and management is proposed. The architecture combines fixed and mobile agents that interact with the aim of establishing and maintaining a certain level of QoS in a distributed multimedia system. This paper also describes a partial implementation of the proposed architecture using well accepted standards such as CORBA (Object Management Group's Common Object Request Broker Architecture), RTP (Internet's Real Time Protocol), products like Aglets Workbench (a Java based mobile agent framework from IBM) and the Orbix family from Iona.