gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Width of the 2.186-MeV<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Level in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Nd</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>144</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1969)

The resonant scattering of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays has been observed for the 2.186-MeV ${1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ state in ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{144}$. The electron bremsstrahlung from a Van de Graaff accelerator served as the exciting $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ radiation. The scattered radiation was observed with a 40-${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ Ge(Li) detector. If the value $\frac{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}=0.71$ is used for the branching ratio, the measured scattering yield corresponds to a partial width ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}=(3.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ eV for the ground-state transition. The reduced $E1$ transition probability for the ground-state transition is intermediate between the $B(E1)'\mathrm{s}$ for the "spherical" nucleus ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{148}$ and the deformed nucleus ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{152}$. A level with spin 2 and with an excitation energy of 2.074 MeV has also been excited in ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{144}$. From the observed scattering, $\frac{{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}=(1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ eV is obtained for this level.
Emissions Estimation at Multilane Roundabouts (2013)

This paper reports on research that explored how multilane roundabouts located on urban corridors have affected traffic performance and pollutant emissions generated from vehicles. The research also compared the emissions of vehicles moving through the roundabouts as they used either the left or right entry lanes. The methodology can be generalized to measure the emissions of any multilane roundabout. The paper identified a representative speed profile for each speed trajectory type, no stop, one stop, and multiple stops, from field data collected at four multilane roundabouts in Aveiro, Portugal. The vehicle-specific power emissions methodology was employed to estimate the second-by-second emissions generated from a vehicle during different acceleration–deceleration cycles. Congestion-specific vehicle speed profiles for two-lane roundabout approaches were used to develop regression models to predict the percentage of vehicles that would experience different speed trajectory types in the roundabout. The analysis tested hypotheses about how differences in the following characteristics have affected the amount of emissions generated from vehicles in each lane: (a) the speed profiles in each lane (left versus right), (b) the conflicting flows for the left and right lanes, (c) the lane flow, and (d) the overall congestion levels. Under low congestion levels, vehicles in the right lane emitted more pollutant because they had on average higher speed and sharper acceleration and deceleration rates. For high congestion levels, given equal flow rates for the left and right lanes, vehicles in the left lane produced more emissions because vehicles in the left lane experienced longer stop-and-go cycles and had different speed profiles than did vehicles in the right lane.
Organotypic slice culture from human adult ventricular myocardium (2011)

Organotypic heart slices represent a multicellular model of the human myocardium and a novel platform for studies ranging from the investigation of molecular interactions to tissue engineering.
Differentiation of Spontaneous Canine Breast Tumors Using Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging with 24-Gadolinium-DTPA-Cascade-Polymer, A New Blood-Pool Agent (1996)

Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of breast neoplasms using a blood-pool agent may help to better differentiate between benign and malignant lesions because it demonstrates the enlarged interstitial space and increased capillary permeability in carcinomas.
C‐4 Modified Sialosides Enhance Binding to Siglec‐2 (CD22): Towards Potent Siglec Inhibitors for Immunoglycotherapy (2013)

Two changes for the better: A novel class of sialic acid derivatives is prepared by modifying both the C-4 and C-9 positions of Neu5Aα2Me (see structure). This approach gives a lead compound that has sub-micromolar affinity for Siglec-2 and may provide a pathway for immunoglycotherapy strategies for autoimmune diseases and B cell derived non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synthesis of D-erythro-Sphingosine from D-ribo-Phytosphingosine (2009)

bear amine and hydroxide at C2 and C3 with different substituents at C1, the synthetic intermediate being useful toward diverse sphingosine analogs should have properly protected C1-hydroxide group independent to the C2-amine and C3-hydroxy group protections. Thereby, an appropriate protection strategy must be devised to allow protection of amine and hydroxide groups at C2 and C3 while the hydroxide at C1 is blocked independently to leave one extra hydroxide at C4 naked. At first the substrate D-
TEM characterisation of an interfacial layer between silicon and glass (2000)

An interfacial layer has been observed between deposited silicon thin films and glass substrates. Experimental evidence indicates that this thin interfacial layer is formed due to the use of the RCA standard cleaning procedure on Corning Code 7059 and 1737 glasses. In this study cross sectional TEM and EDX analysis on Corning Code 7059 glass shows that this layer is silica rich and verifies its formation due to selective leaching of barium, alumina and boron in the glass surface. The layer shows an abrupt boundary with the glass substrate but there is a composition gradient within the glass substrate that extends ∼50 nm beyond the interface revealed in the TEM micrograph. This interfacial layer is of technological interest because it can provide a physical barrier and/or chemical sink for the out diffusion of impurities.
Influence of microbial species on small intestinal myoelectric activity and transit in germ-free rats (2001)

The effect of an intestinal microflora consisting of selected microbial species on myoelectric activity of small intestine was studied using germ-free rat models, with recording before and after specific intestinal colonization, in the unanesthetized state. Intestinal transit, neuropeptides in blood (RIA), and neuromessengers in the intestinal wall were determined. Clostridium tabificum vp 04 promoted regular spike burst activity, shown by a reduction of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) period from 30.5 +/- 3.9 min in the germ-free state to 21.2 +/- 0.14 min (P < 0.01). Lactobacillus acidophilus A10 and Bifidobacterium bifidum B11 reduced the MMC period from 27.9 +/- 4.5 to 21.5 +/- 2.1 min (P < 0.02) and accelerated small intestinal transit (P < 0.05). Micrococcus luteus showed an inhibitory effect, with an MMC period of 35.9 +/- 9.3 min compared with 27.7 +/- 6.3 min in germ-free rats (P < 0.01). Inhibition was indicated also for Escherichia coli X7 gnotobiotic rats. No consistent changes in slow wave frequency were observed. The concentration of neuropeptide Y in blood decreased after introduction of conventional intestinal microflora, suggesting reduced inhibitory control. Intestinal bacteria promote or suppress the initiation and aboral migration of the MMC depending on the species involved. Bacteria with primitive fermenting metabolism (anaerobes) emerge as important promoters of regular spike burst activity in small intestine.
Prevention of NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice by acetylsalicylic acid and NS-398. (1998)

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is known to prevent cancer development, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we compared the efficacies of this nonspecific cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with N-[2-(cyclohexyloxy)-4-nitrophenyl]-methanesulfonamide (NS-398), a specific COX-2 inhibitor. COX-2-specific inhibitors are less toxic than ASA. Lung tumorigenesis was induced in A/J mice by the administration of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in the drinking water for 7 weeks (weeks 0 to +7). Groups of 25 A/J mice were fed ASA (588, 294, 147, or 73 mg/kg diet) before and throughout the assay (weeks -2 to +23). ASA at a dose of 588 mg/kg diet was the most effective because it reduced lung tumor multiplicity by 53%. The preventive effect of ASA increased with the dose, being of 32, 30, and 44% for 73, 147, and 294 mg/kg diet, respectively. NNK increased plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) basal levels by 413%, whereas ASA attenuated this elevation in a dose-response manner (r2 = 0.99). Plasma PGE2 levels in ASA + NNK-treated mice correlate with the logarithm of the number of tumors (r2 = 0.99). NS-398 inhibited lung tumor multiplicity by 34% and returned plasma PGE2 to basal levels observed in untreated mice. Among the NNK-exposed mice, ASA and NS-398 treatment decreased the mean of the lung tumor volumes. Incubation of 82-132 and LM2 murine lung tumor cells with ASA or NS-398 decreased cell proliferation by 50% at concentrations higher than 100 microM. Incubations of NNK with COX-1 and -2 produced both activation and detoxification products by alpha-carbon hydroxylation and N-oxydation pathways, respectively. Bioactivation of NNK was more extensive by COX-2 than COX-1. Anti-COX-1 and -2, arachidonic acid, ASA, and NS-398 inhibited NNK bioactivation by COX-1 and -2 from 22-49%. Our data suggest that NNK is bioactivated by COX-2 in lung tissues and that COX-2-specific inhibitors might be promising chemopreventive agents.
Cache management in CORBA distributed object systems (2000)

The authors address the design and implementation of a caching approach for CORBA-based systems, including a new removal algorithm that uses a double-linked structure and a hash table for eviction. Their experiments demonstrate important performance gains.
Multicomponent joint migration velocity analysis in the angle domain for PP-waves and PS-waves (2012)

ABSTRACT Employing the vector processing of multicomponent seismic data, elastic Kirchhoff migration is used to conduct a multicomponent joint migration velocity analysis (MVA) of PP- and PS-waves in the angle domain. In vector-wavefield imaging, the elastic imaging condition has been extended to nonzero time and space shifts. We apply the extended imaging condition to elastic Kirchhoff migration to extract angle-domain common-image gathers (ADCIGs) of PP- and PS-waves. This method, which is derived from 3D wave propagation theory, directly operates on the vector wavefields and automatically resolves the problem of PS-wave polarity reversal in the migration sections. Based on the kinematic characteristics of PP- and PS-waves in the incident-angle domain, the velocity updating functions for P- and S-waves are derived. By combining the ADCIGs flatness criterion and the PP- and PS-wave image-depth consistency principle, the accuracy of P- and S-wave velocities can be assessed. The method was tested on a 2D thin-interbed model and the 2D Marmousi2 model. We found that the proposed method extracts the PP- and PS-wave ADCIGs effectively and produces appropriate P- and S-wave velocity fields. This method can be applied to time-delay gathers and to vertical or inline gathers in the 3D case.
Self-Assembly of Multidomain Peptides:  Balancing Molecular Frustration Controls Conformation and Nanostructure (2007)

A series of nine, frustrated, multidomain peptides is described in which forces favoring self-assembly into a nanofiber versus those favoring disassembly could be easily modified. The peptides are organized into an ABA block motif in which the central B block is composed of alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids (glutamine and leucine, respectively). This alternation allows the amino acid side chains to segregate on opposite sides of the peptide backbone when it is in a fully extended beta-sheet conformation. In water, packing between two such peptides stabilizes the extended conformation by satisfying the desire of the leucine side chains to exclude themselves from the aqueous environment. Once in this conformation intermolecular backbone hydrogen bonding can readily take place between additional peptides eventually growing into high aspect ratio fibers. B block assembly may continue infinitely or until monomeric peptides are depleted from solution which results in an insoluble precipitate. Block A consists of a variable number of positively charged lysine residues whose electrostatic repulsion at pH 7 works against the desire of the B block to assemble. Here we show that balancing the forces of block A against B allows the formation of controlled length, individually dispersed, and fully soluble nanofibers with a width of 6 +/- 1 nm and length of 120 +/- 30 nm. Analysis by infrared, circular dichroism, and vitreous ice cryo-transmission electron microscopy reveals that the relative sizes of blocks A and B dictate the peptide secondary structure which in turn controls the resulting nanostructure. The system described epitomizes the use of molecular frustration in the design of finite self-assembled structures. These materials, and ones based on their architecture, may find applications where nanostructured control over fiber architecture and chemical functionality is required.
Summary statistics knockoff inference empowers identification of putative causal variants in genome-wide association studies (2021)

Abstract Recent advances in genome sequencing and imputation technologies provide an exciting opportunity to comprehensively study the contribution of genetic variants to complex phenotypes. However, our ability to translate genetic discoveries into mechanistic insights remains limited at this point. In this paper, we propose an efficient knockoff-based method, GhostKnockoff, for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that leads to improved power and ability to prioritize putative causal variants relative to conventional GWAS approaches. The method requires only Z-scores from conventional GWAS and hence can be easily applied to enhance existing and future studies. The method can also be applied to meta-analysis of multiple GWAS allowing for arbitrary sample overlap. We demonstrate its performance using empirical simulations and two applications: (1) analysis of 1,403 binary phenotypes from the UK Biobank data in 408,961 samples of European ancestry, and (2) a meta-analysis for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) comprising nine overlapping large-scale GWAS, whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing studies. The UK Biobank analysis demonstrates superior performance of the proposed method compared to conventional GWAS in both statistical power (2.05-fold more discoveries) and localization of putative causal variants at each locus (46% less proxy variants due to linkage disequilibrium). The AD meta-analysis identified 55 risk loci (including 31 new loci) with ~70% of the proximal genes at these loci showing suggestive signal in downstream single-cell transcriptomic analyses. Our results demonstrate that GhostKnockoff can identify putatively functional variants with weaker statistical effects that are missed by conventional association tests.
Model and measurement of resist heating effect in EBL (Poster Paper) (1992)

Measurements of dose characteristics of PMMA were performed with various resist temperatures. The quantitative data shows sensitivity changes with the temperature increase. The model of resist heating effect is presented and a possible technique to correct distortions due to resist heating is discussed.
Correlation of cardiac MRI and PET images using lung cavities as landmarks (2002)

Magnetic resonance images (MRI) are overlapped with positron emission tomography (PET) images to allow a correlation between structure and function of the heart. This is done by using the structural information inherent in PET attenuation images which are themselves used to form the final corrected PET metabolic image. The lungs are chosen as the structural anchor, but first multiple image processing steps are necessary in order to provide consistent edge enhanced lung cavities of both the MRI and PET attenuation images. Then the regions of interest, the lungs, are demarcated via grey-level contour mapping and binary images obtained (between lung and background). The two sets of binary lung images are approximately overlapped using scale invariant first moments, and then precisely matched using iterative translational and rotational cross-correlation functions. The transaxial cut that produces the minimum area of overlap error between the two sets of images gives the best overlap possible, and the 'best fit' original PET metabolic image can be overlayed on top of the MRI structural image. From this process, cardiac MRI and PET images can be aligned to correlate structure and function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
841. Reactions of unsaturated compounds. Part XIII. The oxidation of 1 : 1-diarylolefins by chromic oxide (1957)

W. J. Hickinbottom and G. E. M. Moussa, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 4195 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570004195
MVSec: Secure and Easy-to-Use Pairing of Mobile Devices with Vehicles (CMU-CyLab-14-006) (2018)

With the increasing popularity of mobile devices, drivers and passengers will naturally want to connect their devices to their cars. Malicious entities can and likely will try to attack such systems in order to compromise other vehicular components or eavesdrop on privacy-sensitive information. It is imperative, therefore, to address security concerns from the onset of these technologies. While guaranteeing secure wireless vehicle-to-mobile communication is crucial to the successful integration of mobile devices in vehicular environments, usability is of equally critical importance. Several researchers proposed different methods for key agreement between two devices that share no prior secret. However, many of these proposals do not take advantage of the vehicular environment. With MVSec, we propose several novel approaches to secure vehicle-to-mobile communication tailored specifically for vehicular environments. We present novel security protocols and their security analysis. We also provide complete implementation and user study results demonstrating the feasibility and the usability of MVSec.
LARGE-SCALE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN BY NUCLEAR ENERGY FOR THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY (2003)

OAK B202 LARGE-SCALE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN BY NUCLEAR ENERGY FOR THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY. The ''Hydrogen Economy'' will reduce petroleum imports and greenhouse gas emissions. However, current commercial hydrogen production processes use fossil fuels and releases carbon dioxide. Hydrogen produced from nuclear energy could avoid these concerns. The authors have recently completed a three-year project for the US Department of Energy whose objective was to ''define an economically feasible concept for production of hydrogen, by nuclear means, using an advanced high-temperature nuclear reactor as the energy source''. Thermochemical water-splitting, a chemical process that accomplishes the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen, met this objective. The goal of the first phase of this study was to evaluate thermochemical processes which offer the potential for efficient, cost-effective, large-scale production of hydrogen and to select one for further detailed consideration. The authors selected the Sulfur-Iodine cycle, In the second phase, they reviewed all the basic reactor types for suitability to provide the high temperature heat needed by the selected thermochemical water splitting cycle and chose the helium gas-cooled reactor. In the third phase they designed the chemical flowsheet for the thermochemical process and estimated the efficiency and cost of the process and the projected cost of producing hydrogen. These results are summarized in this paper.
A Shared Noncapsular Antigen Is Responsible for False-Positive Reactions by <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> in Commercial Agglutination Tests for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2001)

Many of the commercial slide agglutination tests for Staphylococcus aureus incorporate antibodies against cell surface antigens associated with methicillin resistance, including capsular polysaccharides and an uncharacterized antigen, serotype 18. These tests are more sensitive than the first-generation agglutination procedures that detected only bound coagulase and protein A, but they suffer from false-positive reactions with some coagulase-negative staphylococci. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism for false-positive agglutination by S. epidermidis in these tests. A group of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates, including a serotype 18 strain, that were not detectable in the first-generation tests were found to be of capsular polysaccharide type 8. All of these isolates were deficient in bound coagulase and/or protein A, and they possessed a heat-stable, proteinaceous antigen that was absent from a prototype capsule type 8 strain. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and agarose gel immunodiffusion experiments demonstrated that this proteinaceous antigen was also present on both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis clinical isolates. S. epidermidis strains that gave false-positive agglutination test results had a considerably higher level of this antigen than strains that gave the correct negative result. These findings reveal the importance of the careful selection of MRSA strains for raising anti-capsular type 8 antibodies for use in agglutination tests. Strains devoid of the antigen shared with S. epidermidis should be used to eliminate potential cross-reactions with this coagulase-negative coccus.
Insulin Increases Tristetraprolin and Decreases VEGF Gene Expression in Mouse 3T3–L1 Adipocytes (2008)

Insulin induced Ttp mRNA and protein expression and decreased Vegf mRNA levels in adipocytes. Zfp36l3 mRNA was detected, for the first time, in cells other than mouse placenta and extraembryonic tissues. This study established a basis for the investigation of TTP and VEGF genes in the regulation of obesity and suggested that Vegf mRNA may be a target of TTP in fat cells.
A Lock-Controlled Session Table Partitioning Scheme with Dynamic Resource Balancing for Multi-Core Architecture (2011)

Connection tracking by manipulating session tables is essential for stateful inspection capable applications such as stateful firewalls, network-based intrusion prevention systems (NIPS), traffic accounting and monitoring to process packets according to session state information. With the prevalence of multi-core computing, it is crucial to optimize the existing connection tracking structures and algorithms to fully utilize the underlying parallelism. In this paper, we propose a lock-controlled session table partitioning scheme accompanied with a dynamic resource balancing algorithm for session-aware multi-core networking systems. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme reduces the number of lock contentions to a maximum of 100 times less and, in turn, boosts the performance to 3.5 Gbps higher than the baseline. 100% resource utilization is also achieved by overcoming the constraint of fixed-sized partitioning.