gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The overview of fiber fault localization technology in TDM-PON network (2008)

In this paper, we discussed the mechanism of optical fiber break in time division multiplexing passive optical network (TDM-PON) and the upwardly or downwardly monitoring issues with conventional fiber fault localization technique by using optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR). We also studied the previous fault localization technology that had been recommended. Finally, we proposed a centralized inline monitoring and network testing system named as Centralized Failure Detection System (CFDS). CFDS will be installed with optical line terminal (OLT) at the central office (CO) or network operation center to centrally monitoring each optical fiber line's status and detecting the failure location that occurs in the multi-line drop region of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) access network downwardly from CO towards the customer premises to improve the service reliability and reduce the restoration time and maintenance cost.
Constrained bearings-only target motion analysis via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods (2006)

The aim of this paper is to develop methods for estimating the range of a moving target from bearings-only observations and for weakly observable scenarios, by including general constraints about the target trajectories. Throughout this manuscript, it is assumed that the target motion is conditionally deterministic, which leads us to focus on batch algorithms. Another common assumption is poor observability, which results from another constraint: (very) limited amplitude of the observer maneuvers. Classical batch algorithms are based on iterative methods (such as gradient techniques), but they perform very poorly in this context and including constraints is not easy and not reliable in this way. Instead, we consider simulation-based methods, i.e., Monte Carlo Markov chain (MCMC) sampling, developed in a Bayesian context. In this way, it is possible to take into account any type of constraint, and to drastically improve estimation of weakly observable parameters. As a by-product, an estimate of confidence intervals is obtained. This is the aim of the highest probability density (HPD) intervals. This study is illustrated by simulation results, while the benefits of constraint inclusion are analyzed via geometric methods
On broad-side delay test (1994)

A broad-side delay test is a form of a scan-based delay test, where the first vector of the pair is scanned into the chain, and the second vector of the pair is the combinational circuit's response to this first vector. This delay test form is called "broad-side" since the second vector of the delay test pair is provided in a broad-side fashion, namely through the logic. This paper concentrates on generation of broadside delay test vectors; shows the results of experiments conducted on the ISCAS sequential benchmarks, and discusses some concerns of the broad-side delay test strategy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A guideline for analyzing circadian wheel-running behavior in rodents under different lighting conditions (2005)

Most behavioral experiments within circadian research are based on the analysis of locomotor activity. This paper introduces scientists to chronobiology by explaining the basic terminology used within the field. Furthermore, it aims to assist in designing, carrying out, and evaluating wheel-running experiments with rodents, particularly mice. Since light is an easily applicable stimulus that provokes strong effects on clock phase, the paper focuses on the application of different lighting conditions.
Load control and load balancing in a shared database management system (1986)

In shared database management systems, there is a need for dynamically setting a large number of operational parameters, like transaction routing tables, assignment of central resources, multiprogramming level, etc. It is shown that static techniques as they are applied in current centralized DBMSs are inadequate for exploiting the performance potential of a shared DBMS. We therefore plead for using dynamic load control methods for adaptive modification of the DBMS's operational parameters. After a brief survey of the state of the art in database load control, we outline an approach for load balancing in a shared system, which consists of both analytic models and heuristics. The key concepts are illustrated by a simple example, and a number of areas for future research are identified.
Radiofrequency Lumbar Sympatholysis: The Evolution of a Technique for Managing Sympathetically Maintained Pain (1995)

A single technique of radiofrequency sympatholysis does not appear to be applicable to all patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy or sympathetically maintained pain. Despite early successful sympathetic block with radiofrequency, as confirmed by a warm foot, long lasting pain relief was difficult to obtain. The author concludes that individualized patient management is necessary when considering radiofrequency sympatholysis in the treatment of patients with sympathetically maintained pain.
Identification of an amino acid responsible for the CD3 polymorphism in cynomolgus monkeys (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>) (2003)

The FN18 monoclonal antibody (mAb), directed to CD3 molecules, did not react with the lymphocytes of some cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), because of the polymorphism of the CD3epsilon chain. The epitope recognized by the FN18 mAb was successfully expressed on COS7 cells upon transfection of plasmid DNA coding for the CD3epsilon derived from T cells of a FN18 positive cynomolgus monkey. By construction and expression of plasmid DNA encoding the mutant CD3epsilon, the amino acid residue at position 67 was demonstrated to be involved in the formation of an epitope recognizable by the FN18 mAb.
A classification of multiple‐source feedback filters (1983)

Abstract A family of two‐amplifier active‐ RC filters having a single positive and/or negative‐feedback path is identified and evaluated. Four distinct categories emerge with respect to the input summing‐amplifier arrangement. These are embedded in buffered, differential and allpass‐pair networks to reveal many familiar and new configurations. the selectivity and sensitivity to gain‐bandwidth product are then presented in general expressions capable of describing the performance of all such circuits. Conditions for zero first‐order sensitivities and tuning flexibility are then developed.
Electrical breakdown in a V <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> device at the insulator-to-metal transition (2013)

We have measured the electrical properties of a V2O3 thin film micro bridge at the insulator metal transition (IMT). Discontinuous jumps to lower voltages in the current voltage characteristic (IV) followed by an approximately constant voltage progression for high currents indicate an electrical breakdown of the device. In addition, the IV curve shows hysteresis and a training effect, i.e. the subsequent IV loops are different from the first IV loop after thermal cycling. Low temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) reveals that the electrical breakdown over the whole device is caused by the formation of electro-thermal domains (ETDs), i.e. the current and temperature redistribution in the device. On the contrary, at the nanoscale, the electrical breakdown causes the IMT of individual domains. In a numerical model we considered these domains as a network of resistors and we were able to reproduce the electro-thermal breakdown as well as the hysteresis and the training effect in the IVs.
Image colorization using similar images (2012)

We present a new example-based method to colorize a gray image. As input, the user needs only to supply a reference color image which is semantically similar to the target image. We extract features from these images at the resolution of superpixels, and exploit these features to guide the colorization process. Our use of a superpixel representation speeds up the colorization process. More importantly, it also empowers the colorizations to exhibit a much higher extent of spatial consistency in the colorization as compared to that using independent pixels. We adopt a fast cascade feature matching scheme to automatically find correspondences between superpixels of the reference and target images. Each correspondence is assigned a confidence based on the feature matching costs computed at different steps in the cascade, and high confidence correspondences are used to assign an initial set of chromatic values to the target superpixels. To further enforce the spatial coherence of these initial color assignments, we develop an image space voting framework which draws evidence from neighboring superpixels to identify and to correct invalid color assignments. Experimental results and user study on a broad range of images demonstrate that our method with a fixed set of parameters yields better colorization results as compared to existing methods.
Diethylumbelliferyl Phosphate Inhibits Steroidogenesis by Interfering with a Long‐Lived Factor Acting Between Protein Kinase A Activation and Induction of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) (1995)

Diethylumbelliferyl phosphate (DEUP) is an organophosphate cholesteryl ester hydrolase inhibitor that blocks steroidogenesis mainly by preventing cholesterol transport into the mitochondria of steroidogenic cells. In the present study, we show that DEUP blocks the cAMP-stimulated mitochondrial accumulation of the 30-kDa mitochondrial proteins (recently named steroidogenic acute regulatory StAR proteins) that are believed to be the cycloheximide-sensitive factors induced by trophic hormones and cAMP. Inhibition of mitochondrial StAR accumulation by DEUP is dose dependent and closely parallels inhibition of progesterone synthesis. Stimulated lactate production, another cAMP-dependent process in MA-10 cells, is also inhibited by DEUP. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) action would explain the inhibition of these two unrelated processes. However, the cytosolic PKA activity of DEUP-treated MA-10 10 cells was normal. Moreover, the activity of purified PKA was unaffected by DEUP. The inhibition of StAR synthesis was not caused by a direct effect of DEUP on the labile proteins since DEUP-treated cells required more than 24 h to recover steroidogenic capacity after DEUP treatment. Further evidence that the synthesis of StAR was not directly affected was obtained using the constitutively active R2C cells. Progesterone synthesis by these cells also involves StAR, but neither StAR synthesis or steroid synthesis is sensitive to DEUP. Lactate formation in dibutyryl-cAMP-stimulated R2C cells is, however, sensitive to inhibition by DEUP. These data can be best explained by DEUP acting on a long-lived factor involved in the cAMP/PKA response pathway, but not involved in constitutive steroidogenesis.
Investigating the Evidence for the Effectiveness of Risk Assessment in Mental Health Care (2011)

Risk assessment pervades mental health care policy, practice, and legislation. This paper aims to establish the research evidence for the effectiveness of a risk assessment approach in mental health. A search was conducted of the professional literature on risk assessment in mental health, specifically seeking any research on the effectiveness of risk assessment in reducing risk of harm to self or others. The search found limited research on the effectiveness of risk assessment. "Structured professional judgment" possibly reduces aggression risk but there is no evidence that risk assessment is effective in relation to self-harm or suicide reduction. The implications for practice are discussed and alternatives to a risk assessment approach are considered.
Path Data in Marketing: An Integrative Framework and Prospectus for Model Building (2008)

Many data sets, from different and seemingly unrelated marketing domains, all involve paths—records of consumers' movements in a spatial configuration. Path data contain valuable information for marketing researchers because they describe how consumers interact with their environment and make dynamic choices. As data collection technologies improve and researchers continue to ask deeper questions about consumers' motivations and behaviors, path data sets will become more common and will play a more central role in marketing research. To guide future research in this area, we review the previous literature, propose a formal definition of a path (in a marketing context), and derive a unifying framework that allows us to classify different kinds of paths. We identify and discuss two primary dimensions (characteristics of the spatial configuration and the agent) as well as six underlying subdimensions. Based on this framework, we cover a range of important operational issues that should be taken into account as researchers begin to build formal models of path-related phenomena. We close with a brief look into the future of path-based models, and a call for researchers to address some of these emerging issues.
Iridium Oxide for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Correlation between Particle Size, Morphology, and the Surface Hydroxo Layer from Operando XAS (2016)

A current challenge faced in water electrolysis is the development of structure–activity relationships for understanding and improving IrOx-based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We report a simple and scalable modified Adams fusion method for preparing highly OER active, chlorine–free iridium oxide nanoparticles of various size and shape. The applied approach allows for the effects of particle size, morphology, and the nature of the surface species on the OER activity of IrO2 to be investigated. Iridium oxide synthesized at 350 °C from Ir(acac)3, consisting of 1.7 ± 0.4 nm particles with a specific surface area of 150 m2 g–1, shows the highest OER activity (E = 1.499 ± 0.003 V at 10 A gox–1). Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies indicate the presence of iridium hydroxo (Ir–OH) surface species, which are strongly linked to the OER activity. Preparation of larger IrO2 particles using higher temperatures results in a change of the particle morphology from spherical to rod-shaped particles. A decrease of the intrinsic OER activity was associated with the predominant termination of the rod-shape particles by highly ordered (110) facets in addition to limited diffusion within mesoporous features.
Parallel dynamic programming based on stage ReConstruction and its application in reservoir operation (2014)

Dynamic programming is a classisc method to solve reservoir optimized operation. However, with the increasing number of reservoir power stations, computation amount is increasing exponentially, resulting in a dramatic decrease in the timeliness of solving and even causing “curse of dimensionality”. In response to this, we improved the serial recursion calculation process of dynamic programming and introduced parallel dynamic programming based on stage reconstruction. Through the proposed algorithm a multistage decision problem can be repeatedly reconstructed in a parallel environment and gradually transferred to a single stage issue. This algorithm was then applied to solve the optimized operation of cascade reservoirs in the lower reach of Yalong River in China. Analog computation was carried out to evaluate the effects of parameter control on the parallel calculation performance of the algorithm. Results indicate that the calculating efficiency, compared with serial dynamic programming, can be significantly improved without sacrificing the accuracy with parallel dynamic programming based on stage reconstruction.
Systematic Review of Desogestrel Ethinylestradiol for Treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. (2009)

Objective
To systematically evaluate the effect of desogestrel ethinylestradiol (DE, marvelon) for treating polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) and compare it with other interventions.


Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized/semi-randomized controlled trial studied desogestrel ethinylestradiol used for treating polycystic ovary syndrome. Articles were maily searched from the Evidence Base Medicine Reviews, Medline, EMbase, CNKI databases.


Results
Fifteen studies with 1 073 patients were included in this study. The quality of included studies was low. ① Desogestrel ethinylestradiol vs. metformin, in polycystic ovary syndrome patients with hyperinsulinemia, desogestel ethinylestradiol may be less effective than metformin for reducing testosterone (T) (WMD=0.72, 95%CI 0.54~0.90), but may be better than metformin for reducing testosterone(WMD=-0.53, 95%CI -0.83~-0.22) in polycystic ovary syndrome patients without hyperinsulinemia; compared to desogestrel ethinylestradiol, metformin can effectively improve fasting blood glucose(FBG) (WMD=0.19, 95%CI 0.02~0.36), fasting blood insulin(FI) (WMD=4.27, 95%CI 2.19~6.34) and HOMA-IR (WMD=0.21, 95%CI 0.12~0.30); ②Desogestrel ethinylestradiol+ metformin vs. metformin, desogestrel ethinylestradiol+ metformin better than metformin for reducing testosterone (WMD=-0.71, 95%CI -0.95~-0.48); ③ Desogestrel ethinylestradiol vs. ethinyl estradiol cyproterone (EEC, diane 35), desogestrel ehtinylestradiol may be as effective as diane 35 for treating polycystic ovary syndrome; ④ Desogestrel ehtinylestradiol+ induce ovulation vs. induce ovulation alone, desogestrel ethinylestradiol+ induce ovulation may be better than induce ovulation alone for increasing the rate of ovulation(OR=2.21, 95%CI 1.18~4.12; P=0.01) and the pregnancy rate (OR=2.44, 95%CI 1.67~3.56; P=0.001).


Conclusion
Desogestrel ethinylestradiol is an optional choice for reducing testosterone and improving the function of ovaries in polycystic ovary syndrome patients, but it may be bad for the metabolic function. Desogestrel ethinglestradiol may be less suitable than metformin for polycystic ovary syndrome with hyperinsulinemia, but more suitable for polycystic ovary syndrome patients without hyperinsulinemia. The using of desogestrel ethinylestradiol+ metformin for treating polycystic ovary syndrome with metabolic disorder should be chosen carefully. Both desogestrel ethinylestradiol and ethinyl estradiol cyproterone may treat polycystic ovary syndrome effectively on reducing testosterone. But desogestrel ethinylestradiol may be more suitable for polycystic ovary syndrome with metabolic disorders than ethiny estradiol cyproteone. Desogestrel ethinylestradiol+ induce ovulation treatment is more suitable for treating polycystic ovary syndrome with infertility.


Key words: 
polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS); systematic review(SR); desogestrel ethinylestradiol(DE, marvelon); metformin(MET); ethinyl estradiol cyproterone(EEC, diane 35)
Use of a two-sited monoclonal antibody assay to detect a heat-stable malarial antigen in the sera of mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii (1986)

Antigens, circulating in the blood during malarial infections, have been implicated in immune protection, immunosuppression, and immune-complex formation. We used a monoclonal antibody (MAb 7H8) to identify an antigen (Ag-7H8) in the sera of mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii. The major form of the antigen has a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 in P. yoelii, with minor components of 220,000; 65,000 to 75,000; and 45,000. Ag-7H8 remains antigenic after boiling for 5 min. A two-sited assay was developed with MAb 7H8 that demonstrated that the Ag-7H8 has at least two similar epitopes per molecule. The two-sited assay was used to follow Ag-7H8 in the blood of mice during lethal (strain 17XL) and nonlethal (strain 17XNL) P. yoelii infections. Ag-7H8 appeared on days 6 and 7 after infection with 10(6) and 10(4) 17XL P. yoelii parasites, respectively, and remained until the animals died. It was in plasma samples between days 6 and 14 after 17XNL P. yoelii injections in several inbred strains of mice, regardless of the course of parasitemia. Thus, the kinetics of antigenemia correspond with early stages of infection and not with the number of circulating parasites. Indirect immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that MAb 7H8 detects a cross-reactive antigen in other malarial parasites, including Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium falciparum. Thus, this two-sited assay may have general application for the serodiagnosis of malaria and may be beneficial in determining the relationship of circulating antigens to malarial immunity.
Implants delivering bisphosphonate locally increase periprosthetic bone density in an osteoporotic sheep model. A pilot study (2008)

It is a clinical challenge to obtain a sufficient orthopaedic implant fixation in weak osteoporotic bone. When the primary implant fixation is poor, micromotions occur at the bone-implant interface, activating osteoclasts, which leads to implant loosening. Bisphosphonate can be used to prevent the osteoclastic response, but when administered systemically its bioavailability is low and the time it takes for the drug to reach the periprosthetic bone may be a limiting factor. Recent data has shown that delivering bisphosphonate locally from the implant surface could be an interesting solution. Local bisphosphonate delivery increased periprosthetic bone density, which leads to a stronger implant fixation, as demonstrated in rats by the increased implant pullout force. The aim of the present study was to verify the positive effect on periprosthetic bone remodelling of local bisphosphonate delivery in an osteoporotic sheep model. Four implants coated with zoledronate and two control implants were inserted in the femoral condyle of ovariectomized sheep for 4 weeks. The bone at the implant surface was 50% higher in the zoledronate-group compared to control group. This effect was significant up to a distance of 400mum from the implant surface. The presented results are similar to what was observed in the osteoporotic rat model, which suggest that the concept of releasing zoledronate locally from the implant to increase the implant fixation is not species specific. The results of this trial study support the claim that local zoledronate could increase the fixation of an implant in weak bone.
Rapid profiling of protein kinase inhibitors by quantitative proteomics (2013)

The ability to determine structure-activity relationships (SAR) and identify cellular targets from cell lysates and tissues is of great utility for kinase inhibitor drug discovery. We describe a streamlined mass spectrometry-based chemoproteomics workflow to examine the SAR and target profiles of a small library of kinase inhibitors that consists of the drug dasatinib and a panel of general type II inhibitors. By combining a simplified affinity enrichment and on-bead protein digestion workflow with quantitative proteomics, we achieved sensitive and specific enrichment of target kinases using our small molecule probes. We applied the affinity matrices in competition experiments with soluble probes in HeLa cell lysates using less than 1 mg of protein per experiment. Each pull-down experiment was analyzed in a single nano LC-MS run. Stringent selection criteria for target identification were applied to deduce 28 protein targets for dasatinib and 31 protein targets for our general type II kinase inhibitor in HeLa cell lysate. Additional kinase and protein targets were identified with the general type II inhibitor analogs, with small structural changes leading to divergent target profiles. We observed surprisingly high sequence coverage on some proteins, enabling further analyses of phosphorylation sites for several target kinases without additional sample processing. Our rapid workflow profiled cellular targets for six small molecules within a week, demonstrating that an unbiased proteomics screen of cellular targets yields valuable SAR information and may be incorporated at an early stage in kinase inhibitor development.