gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Architecture and signaling protocol for migration to cognitive reconfigurable post-3G mobile systems (2009)

The advent of software-defined radio products and recent advances in cognitive radio research will facilitate the preservation or even improvement of user perception in volatile radio conditions while optimizing the use of network resources. Based on cognition techniques, the autonomic communication paradigm attempts to pave the way towards self-governed systems that will alleviate the shortcomings of present remotely managed user devices. This article identifies the challenges for such cognitive reconfigurable systems and introduces CORPS, a new end-to-end architecture that unifies software and cognitive radio themes enriched by self-ware capabilities. The manuscript discusses the adopted network-agnostic protocol-independent modeling approach, which is in line with best common practices in the industry, and presents the system architecture in terms of functional specification and UML modeling. Next, the CORPS functional architecture is mapped to the evolved-UMTS system under development in 3GPP. Finally, the paper proposes and evaluates CREST, a novel signaling protocol for improving the quality of service of existing bearers in a post-3G network through radio-access-technology switching and coordinated dynamic spectrum access.
Reduced Switching-Frequency Active Harmonic Elimination for Multilevel Converters (2008)

This paper presents a reduced switching-frequency active-harmonic-elimination method (RAHEM) to eliminate any number of specific order harmonics of multilevel converters. First, resultant theory is applied to transcendental equations to eliminate low-order harmonics and to determine switching angles for a fundamental frequency-switching scheme. Next, based on the number of harmonics to be eliminated, Newton climbing method is applied to transcendental equations to eliminate high-order harmonics and to determine switching angles for the fundamental frequency-switching scheme. Third, the magnitudes and phases of the residual lower order harmonics are computed, generated, and subtracted from the original voltage waveform to eliminate these low-order harmonics. Compared to the active-harmonic-elimination method (AHEM), which generates square waves to cancel high-order harmonics, RAHEM has lower switching frequency. The simulation results show that the method can effectively eliminate all the specific harmonics, and a low total harmonic distortion (THD) near sine wave is produced. An experimental 11-level H-bridge multilevel converter with a field-programmable gate-array controller is employed to experimentally validate the method. The experimental results show that RAHEM does effectively eliminate any number of specific harmonics, and the output voltage waveform has low switching frequency and low THD.
A First Look at Music Composition using LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks. (2002)

In general music composed by recurrent neural networks (RNNs) suffers from a lack of global structure. Though networks can learn note-by-note transition probabilities and even reproduce phrases, attempts at learning an entire musical form and using that knowledge to guide composition have been unsuccessful. The reason for this failure seems to be that RNNs cannot keep track of temporally distant events that indicate global music structure. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) has succeeded in similar domains where other RNNs have failed, such as timing &amp; counting and CSL learning. In the current study we show that LSTM is also a good mechanism for learning to compose music. We compare this approach to previous attempts, with particular focus on issues of data representation. We present experimental results showing that LSTM successfully learns a form of blues music and is able to compose novel (and we believe pleasing) melodies in that style. Remarkably, once the network has found the relevant structure it does not drift from it: LSTM is able to play the blues with good timing and proper structure as long as one is willing to listen.
Data and Image Compression: Tools and Techniques (1996)

Rationale and utilization data codes and compression-indicating characters character-oriented compression techniques statistical encoding communications compression-performing hardware and software product overview appendix a - data analysis programme descriptions and listings appendix b - SHRINK programme descriptions and listings.
Molecular Basis for Substrate Discrimination by Glycine Transporters (2007)

Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and brain stem, where it acts on strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors, and is also an excitatory neurotransmitter throughout the brain and spinal cord, where it acts on the N-methyl-d-aspartate family of receptors. There are two Na(+)/Cl(-)-dependent glycine transporters, GLYT1 and GLYT2, which control extracellular glycine concentrations and these transporters show differences in substrate selectivity and blocker sensitivity. A bacterial Na(+)-dependent leucine transporter (LeuT(Aa)) has recently been crystallized and its structure determined. When the amino acid residues within the leucine binding site of LeuT(Aa) are aligned with residues of the two glycine transporters there are a number of identical residues and also some key differences. In this report, we demonstrate that the LeuT(Aa) structure represents a good working model of the Na(+)/Cl(-)-dependent neurotransmitters and that differences in substrate selectivity can be attributed to a single difference of a glycine residue in transmembrane domain 6 of GLYT1 for a serine residue at the corresponding position of GLYT2.
Nuclear localization signal peptides for the import of plasmid DNA in gene therapy (review) (1997)

Failure of cells to import specific proteins into nuclei can lead to carcinogenesis. Trafficking of nuclear proteins from the site of their synthesis in the cytoplasm to the sites of function in the nucleus through pore complexes is mediated by the presence of nuclear localization signals (NLSs) on proteins to be imported into nuclei. mRNA is exported through the same route as a complex with nuclear proteins. During gene therapy the foreign DNA needs to enter nuclei for its transcription in order to express the therapeutic protein; a pathway is proposed involving the complexation of plasmids and oligonucleotides with nascent nuclear proteins possessing NLSs as a prerequisite for their nuclear import. Covalent linkage of NLS peptides to oligonucleotides and plasmids or formation of complexes of plasmids with proteins possessing multiple NLS peptides is proposed to increase their import rates and the efficiency of gene expression. We suggest that cancer cells import more efficiently foreign DNA into nuclei compared with terminally differentiated cells because of their increased rates of proliferation and protein import and are easier targets for expression of foreign genes.
The surface Laplacian of the potential: theory and application (1996)

The use of the surface Laplacian of the potential (Ls) in bioelectricity is discussed. Different estimates of Ls, in particular the field measured by coaxial electrodes, are compared to that of the true Laplacian. A method to compute Ls on the surface of an inhomogeneous volume conductor of arbitrary shape resulting from assumed electrical sources in introduced. In two applications the sensitivity of the body surface Laplacian is carried to that of body surface potentials. This comparison is carried out for dipolar sources within the human brain as well as for distributed sources within the heart.
Stem-cell-based Tissue Engineering of Murine Teeth (2004)

Teeth develop from reciprocal interactions between mesenchyme cells and epithelium, where the epithelium provides the instructive information for initiation. Based on these initial tissue interactions, we have replaced the mesenchyme cells with mesenchyme created by aggregation of cultured non-dental stem cells in mice. Recombinations between non-dental cell-derived mesenchyme and embryonic oral epithelium stimulate an odontogenic response in the stem cells. Embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, and adult bone-marrow-derived cells all responded by expressing odontogenic genes. Transfer of recombinations into adult renal capsules resulted in the development of tooth structures and associated bone. Moreover, transfer of embryonic tooth primordia into the adult jaw resulted in development of tooth structures, showing that an embryonic primordium can develop in its adult environment. These results thus provide a significant advance toward the creation of artificial embryonic tooth primordia from cultured cells that can be used to replace missing teeth following transplantation into the adult mouth.
New mesogenic compounds with<i>trans</i>-stilbene oxide as the central chiral core (1993)

Abstract Several derivatives with the trans-stilbene oxide moiety as the central chiral core were synthesized. With the appropriate substituents, nematic and smectic C phases were observed. One derivative was obtained with an ee of 47 per cent by asymmetric synthesis. The chemical stability of these epoxides is low and they rearrange to give substituted phenyl benzylketones which are also liquid-crystalline. The structure of the two solid phases present in all the derivatives and of the smectic C phases was investigated by X-ray diffraction.
Performance of Selection MIMO Systems with Generalized Selection Criterion over Nakagami-m Fading Channels (2006)

We investigate selection transmit multi-input multi-output systems where only a single transmit antenna is selected for the transmission and multiple receive antennas are employed for maximal ratio combining. Antenna selection is performed by a generalized selection criterion based on the ordinal number of the strength of the received signal-to-noise ratio.
Heterosexual STI/HIV Risk Assessment among Bolivian Truck Drivers Using Mixed Methodology (2007)

In a study to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and sex behaviors in an occupation that facilitates high HIV transmission globally, 71 Bolivian truck drivers participated in a multiple method needs assessment, in four phases. In all phases, majority of truckers reported contact with casual sex partners. Fifty-two percent of truckers in the qualitative phases reported having had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and 27% indicated having anal sex with female partners. These data, combined with truckers demonstrating inconsistent STI/HIV knowledge and condom use, place Bolivian truck drivers and their spouses at risk for HIV/AIDS. Government and nongovernmental organizations need to increase efforts to include this population in prevention programs.
Maskless, selective electroetching for metal patterning (1985)

An electroetching technique for maskless patterning of metals is described. The method uses the topography of the surface on which the metal is deposited to delineate the pattern during the electroetch, yielding self-aligned metal features that are burr-free and without undercut. Application of the technique to a one-micron linewidth metal-insulator-semiconductor structure useful for insulated-gate field effect transistors is demonstrated.
Fiber-optic transmission of stretched pulses from a Q-switched ruby laser (1996)

Fiber-optic transmission of Q-switched ruby laser pulses is limited by fiber damage owing to the high laser-beam intensities. Pulse stretching with a semiconductor-based control circuit for the Pockels cell of the ruby laser to reduce the peak intensities is described. Pulses with durations from 200 ns to 1 μs and a coherence length of ~3 m were generated. These pulses were coupled into multimode optical fibers to investigate the transmission characteristics and the limits of transmittable pulse energies. Stretched pulses can be transmitted in quartz fibers with a 600-μm core diameter to pulse energies of 300 mJ, which is an increase by a factor of 4 compared with standard Q-switched pulses. It is expected that beam guiding of ruby laser pulses by fiber optics will significantly facilitate the use of holographic interferometry in technical applications such as vibration analysis.
Obesity and breast cancer. (2011)

Obesity is a growing health problem in the United States and, increasingly, around the world. Excess body weight has been linked to an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, and growing evidence also suggests that obesity is associated with poor prognosis in women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer. Dozens of studies demonstrate that women who are overweight or obese at the time of breast cancer diagnosis are at increased risk of cancer recurrence and death compared with leaner women, and some evidence suggests that women who gain weight after breast cancer diagnosis may also be at increased risk of poor outcomes. In this review, we describe the evidence linking obesity to breast cancer recurrence, discuss the potential biological mechanisms through which weight could impact breast cancer prognosis, and review the weight-loss intervention studies that have been performed in breast cancer populations to date.
Preparation of single cells for imaging/profiling mass spectrometry (2008)

Characterizing chemical changes within individual cells is important for determining fundamental mechanisms of biological processes that will lead to new biological insights and improved disease understanding. Analyzing biological systems with imaging and profiling mass spectrometry (MS) has gained popularity in recent years as a method for creating chemical maps of biological samples. To obtain mass spectra that provide relevant molecular information about individual cells, samples must be prepared so that salts and other cell culture components are removed from the cell surface and that the cell contents are rendered accessible to the desorption beam. We have designed a cellular preparation protocol for imaging/profiling MS that removes the majority of the interfering species derived from the cellular growth medium, preserves the basic morphology of the cells, and allows chemical profiling of the diffusible elements of the cytosol. Using this method, we are able to reproducibly analyze cells from three diverse cell types: MCF7 human breast cancer cells, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. This preparation technique makes possible routine imaging/profiling MS analysis of individual cultured cells, allowing for understanding of molecular processes within individual cells.
Treatment of Gorham-Stout Disease With Zoledronic Acid and Interferon-α: A Case Report and Literature Review (2010)

Gorham-Stout disease is a rare disease characterized by osteolysis, angiomatosis, and soft-tissue swelling. It is a diagnosis of exclusion and has an unknown etiology. Chylothorax is a common complication of the disease that is associated with a high mortality rate. There is no standard of treatment. We report a case of a 16-year-old female with Gorham-Stout disease and recurrent pleural effusions who was successfully treated with concurrent zoledronic acid and peg-interferon α-2b.
Responses of single germinal-center B cells in T-cell-dependent microculture. (1991)

B cells purified from the germinal centers (GCs) of murine Peyer's patches can be stimulated in a clonal microculture containing helper T cells and dendritic cells to divide and secrete immunoglobulin. Intraclonal isotype switching occurs, and a variety of immunoglobulin isotypes, including IgA, is secreted. Memory cells, which generate clones secreting IgA exclusively, are only rarely identified in the GC B-cell subset. Such memory cells can, however, be readily identified among unfractionated Peyer's patch B cells, and in non-GC subsets of B cells. The results suggest that the GC does not contain IgA memory cells that can be restimulated in vitro to secrete only IgA. When division of GC B cells is prevented by irradiation or aphidicholin treatment, a large subset that secretes IgA as the sole immunoglobulin isotype is seen, and the output of presumably single B cells is large enough to be scored by RIA. Both helper T cells and dendritic cells are required for the phenomenon. The data indicate that commitment to IgA secretion occurs in Peyer's patch GCs and suggest that the prolific cell division known to be supported in GCs may forestall terminal differentiation of preplasmablasts to immunoglobulin secretion.
The Second Toyota Paradox: How Delaying Decisions Can Make Better Cars Faster (1995)

Although on the surface, toyota's development process seems extraordinarily cumbersome, it is a model of how to make better cars more quickly and cheaply. Toyota's engineers and managers delay decisions and give suppliers partial information, while exploring numerous prototypes. The authors examine what they call set-based concurrent engineering, a method prevalent at Toyota but not at other Japanese and U.S. automakers. Toyota designers think about sets of design alternatives, rather than pursuing one alternative iteratively. They gradually narrow the sets until they come to a final solution. Through extensive research, case studies, and interviews, the authors present their argument - that this apparently inefficient system has made Toyota the fastest and most efficient developer of autos.
Technological Literacy Learning With Cumulative and Stepwise Integration of Equations Into Electrical Circuit Diagrams (2012)

Technological literacy education involves the teaching of basic engineering principles and problem solving, including elementary electrical circuit analysis, to non-engineering students. Learning materials on circuit analysis typically rely on equations and schematic diagrams, which are often unfamiliar to non-engineering students. The goal of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of the integration of equations into circuit diagrams on the learning of non-engineering undergraduate students. This experimental study compared three integration designs. In the cumulative integrated design, as each practice problem solution progressed, the equations were cumulatively integrated into the circuit diagram. In the stepwise integrated design, only those equations relevant to the present step of the problem were integrated into the circuit diagram; previously displayed equations were moved to an adjacent frame and recorded there. The nonintegrated design recorded all equations in the adjacent frame throughout each of the problems. Student learning was measured with a problem-solving near-transfer and far-transfer post-test. Students rated the helpfulness of the diagrams and difficulty of the instructional program. Results indicated that participants in the cumulative integrated condition scored significantly higher on the near-transfer post-test and marginally significantly higher on the far-transfer post-test compared to the stepwise and nonintegrated conditions. Findings indicate that circuit analysis instruction for non-engineering students should integrate equations into circuit diagrams in a cumulative fashion so as to avoid the split-attention effect for both the previously displayed equations as well as the equations for the present problem step.
Tour generation for exploration of 3D virtual environments (2007)

Navigation in complex and large-scale 3D virtual environments has been shown to be a difficult task, imposing a high cognitive load on the user. In this paper, we present a comprehensive method for assisting users in exploring and understanding such 3D worlds. The method consists of two distinct phases: an off-line computation step deriving a grand tour using the world geometry and any semantic target information as input, and an on-line interactive navigation step providing guided exploration and improved spatial perception for the user. The former phase is based on a voxelized version of the geometrical dataset that is used to compute a connectivity graph for use in a TSP-like formulation of the problem. The latter phase takes the output tour from the off-line step as input for guiding 3D navigation through the environment.
L-Glycine: a novel antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective agent (2003)

Multiple protective effects make glycine a promising treatment strategy for inflammatory diseases.
A vision sensor having an expanded dynamic range for autonomous vehicles (1998)

Insufficiency of dynamic range of conventional video cameras is an important problem in realizing a robust vision system for autonomous vehicles because road scenes have a very wide dynamic range of brightness. To solve the problem, a method for expanding the dynamic range of video cameras by combining the images taken under different exposure conditions has been developed. Using this method, an experimental vision sensor with a wide dynamic range has been manufactured. The developed sensor has a dynamic range of 10 000, which is approximately 30 times as wide as that of a conventional video camera. The effectiveness of the developed vision sensor in comparison with a conventional video camera was confirmed from the experiments on a highway under various lighting conditions.
Spectral coherence in all-normal dispersion supercontinuum in presence of Raman scattering and direct seeding from sub-picosecond pump (2014)

Intensity stability and wavelength correlations of near-infrared supercontinuum generation are studied in all-normal flattened dispersion, all-solid soft glass photonic crystal fiber. We use dispersive Fourier transformation method to measure shot-to-shot resolved spectra under pumping from a sub-picosecond, fiber-based chirped pulse amplification (CPA) system. For the first time to our knowledge, we demonstrate how unconverted radiation from pump, propagating in the photonic cladding of the fiber, improves the measured degree of coherence in the spectrum and influences its wavelength correlation by seeding of multiple four-wave-mixing / Raman scattering components. The presented results suggest a convenient and simple way of stabilizing of shot-to-shot coherence in sub-picosecond fiber laser pumped, normal-dispersion supercontinuum sources by direct, pump-related seeding.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) (2003)

Six GIP(1-NH2) analogs were synthesized with modifications (de-protonation, N-methylation, reversed chirality, and substitution) at positions 1, 3, and 4 of the N-terminus, and additionally, a cyclized GIP derivative was synthesized. The relationship between altered structure to biological activity was assessed by measuring receptor binding affinity and ability to stimulate adenylyl cyclase in CHO-K1 cells transfected with the wild-type GIP receptor (wtGIPR). These structure-activity relationship studies demonstrate the importance of the GIP N-terminus and highlight structural constraints that can be introduced in GIP analogs. These analogs may be useful starting points for design of peptides with enhanced in vivo bioactivity.
Why should we integrate services, servers, and networking in a data center? (2009)

Since the early days of networks, a basic principle has been that endpoints treat the network as a black box. An endpoint injects a packet with a destination address and the network delivers the packet. This principle has served us well, and allowed us to scale the Internet to billions of devices using networks owned by competing companies and devices owned by billions of individuals. However, this approach might not be optimal for large-scale Internet data centers (DCs), such as those run by Amazon, Google, Microsoft and Yahoo, that employ custom software and customized hardware to increase efficiency and to lower costs. In DCs, all the components are controlled by a single entity, and creating services for the DC that treat the network as a black box will lead to inefficiencies.