gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal localization and genomic organization for the galactose/ N-acetylgalactosamine/N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase gene family (2001)

The galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine/N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferases (GSTs) are a family of Golgi-resident enzymes that transfer sulfate from 3'phosphoadenosine 5'phospho-sulfate to the 6-hydroxyl group of galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, or N-acetylglucosamine in nascent glycoproteins. These sulfation modifications are functionally important in settings as diverse as cartilage structure and lymphocyte homing. To date six members of this gene family have been described in human and in mouse. We have determined the chromosomal localization of these genes as well as their genomic organization. While the broadly expressed enzymes implicated in proteoglycan biosynthesis are located on different chromosomes, the highly tissue specific enzymes GST-3 and 4 are encoded by genes located both in band q23.1--23.2 on chromosome 16. In the mouse, both genes reside in the syntenic region 8E1 on chromosome 8. This cross-species conserved clustering is suggestive of related functional roles for these genes. The human GST4 locus actually contains two highly similar open reading frames (ORF) that are 50 kb apart and encode two highly similar enzyme isoforms termed GST-4 alpha and GST-4 beta. All genes except GST0 (chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase) contain intron-less ORFs. With one exception these are fused directly to sequences encoding the 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of the respective mature mRNAs. The 5' UTRs of these mRNAs are usually encoded by a number of short exons 5' of the respective ORF. 5'UTRs of the same enzyme expressed in different cell types are sometimes derived from different exons located upstream of the ORF. The genomic organization of the GSTs resembles that of certain glycosyltransferase gene families.
On the Design of a Big Data based Real-Time Network Traffic Analysis Platform (2013)

Big data is one of the most spotlighted technological trends in these days, enabling new methods to handle huge volume of complicated data for a broad range of applications. Real-time network traffic analysis essentially deals with big data, which is comprised of different types of log data from various sensors. To tackle this problem, in this paper, we devise a big data based platform, RENTAP, to detect and analyse malicious network traffic. Focused on military network environment such as closed network for C4I systems, leading big data based solutions are evaluated to verify which combination of the solutions is the best design for network traffic analysis platform. Based on the selected solutions, we provide detailed functional design of the suggested platform.
The flip flop nozzle extended to supersonic flows (1992)

An experiment studying a fluidically oscillated rectangular jet flow was conducted. The Mach number was varied over a range from low subsonic to supersonic. Unsteady velocity and pressure measurements were made using hot wires and piezoresistive pressure transducers. In addition smoke flow visualization using high speed photography was used to document the oscillation of the jet. For the subsonic flip-flop jet it was found that the apparent time-mean widening of the jet was not accompanied by an increase in mass flux. It was found that it is possible to extend the operation of these devices to supersonic flows. Most of the measurements were made for a fixed nozzle geometry for which the oscillations ceased at a fully expanded Mach number of 1.58. By varying the nozzle geometry this limitation was overcome and operation was extended to Mach 1.8. The streamwise velocity perturbation levels produced by this device were much higher than the perturbation levels that could be produced using conventional excitation sources such as acoustic drivers. In view of this ability to produce high amplitudes, the potential for using small scale fluidically oscillated jet as an unsteady excitation source for the control of shear flows in full scale practical applications seems promising.
On frequency reuse in cooperative distributed antenna systems (2012)

The cooperative distributed antenna system (DAS) is one of the promising systems for future high-data-rate mobile communications, since the DAS can reduce the radio transmission distance between the transmitter and the receiver by distributing multiple remote antenna units in the traditional cellular network. In order to achieve high spectrum efficiency in the DAS, frequency reuse is considered. In this article, two values of frequency reuse factor are considered in conjunction with cooperative spatial diversity. In order to show the advantage of introducing frequency reuse, the performance of the DAS with frequency reuse is compared with that without frequency reuse. Results show that the DAS with frequency reuse outperforms the DAS without frequency reuse in the average spectrum efficiency per sector and the cell edge spectrum efficiency. The DAS with larger frequency reuse factor outperforms the DAS with smaller frequency reuse factor for a large range of signal-to- noise ratio.
Nanoionics and Nanocatalysts: Conformal Mesoporous Surface Scaffold for Cathode of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2016)

Nanoionics has become increasingly important in devices and systems related to energy conversion and storage. Nevertheless, nanoionics and nanostructured electrodes development has been challenging for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) owing to many reasons including poor stability of the nanocrystals during fabrication of SOFCs at elevated temperatures. In this study, a conformal mesoporous ZrO2 nanoionic network was formed on the surface of La1-xSrxMnO3/yttria-stabilized zirconia (LSM/YSZ) cathode backbone using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) and thermal treatment. The surface layer nanoionic network possesses open mesopores for gas penetration, and features a high density of grain boundaries for enhanced ion-transport. The mesoporous nanoionic network is remarkably stable and retains the same morphology after electrochemical operation at high temperatures of 650-800 °C for 400 hours. The stable mesoporous ZrO2 nanoionic network is further utilized to anchor catalytic Pt nanocrystals and create a nanocomposite that is stable at elevated temperatures. The power density of the ALD modified and inherently functional commercial cells exhibited enhancement by a factor of 1.5-1.7 operated at 0.8 V at 750 °C.
Efficient ammonia synthesis over a Ru/La<sub>0.5</sub>Ce<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>1.75</sub>catalyst pre-reduced at high temperature (2018)

Ammonia is an important feedstock for producing fertiliser and is also a potential energy carrier. However, the process currently used for ammonia synthesis, the Haber-Bosch process, consumes a huge amount of energy; therefore the development of new catalysts for synthesising ammonia at a high rate under mild conditions (low temperature and low pressure) is necessary. Here, we show that Ru/La<sub>0.5</sub>Ce<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>1.75</sub> pre-reduced at an unusually high temperature (650 °C) catalysed ammonia synthesis at extremely high rates under mild conditions; specifically, at a reaction temperature of 350 °C, the rates were 13.4, 31.3, and 44.4 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> at 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0 MPa, respectively. Kinetic analysis revealed that this catalyst is free of hydrogen poisoning under the conditions tested. Electron energy loss spectroscopy combined with O<sub>2</sub> absorption capacity measurements revealed that the reduced catalyst consisted of fine Ru particles (mean diameter < 2.0 nm) that were partially covered with partially reduced La<sub>0.5</sub>Ce<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>1.75</sub> and were dispersed on a thermostable support. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectra measured after N<sub>2</sub> addition to the catalyst revealed that N<sub>2</sub> adsorption on Ru atoms that interacted directly with the reduced La<sub>0.5</sub>Ce<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>1.75</sub> weakened the N[triple bond, length as m-dash]N bond and thus promoted its cleavage, which is the rate-determining step for ammonia synthesis. Our results indicate that high-temperature pre-reduction of this catalyst, which consists of Ru supported on a thermostable composite oxide with a cubic fluorite structure and containing reducible cerium, resulted in the formation of many sites that were highly active for N<sub>2</sub> reduction by hydrogen.
Special Edition Using Microsoft Office Project 2003 (2004)

This book provides readers with everything they need to make the most of Project 2003. Project 2003 helps users manage projects indepently or as part of a large organization. Business professionals can gain access into their portfolio of projects, and collaborate on the documents, issues and risks associated with those projects.Special Edition Using Office Project 2003, covers both Standard and Enterprise Project Management versions and provides direct answers about how to put a project schedule together. It is organized to follow the project cycle of initializing and developing a plan, implementing the plan, tracking progress and adjusting to changes and unforeseen events, and preparing the final reports.
The changing AMPK expression profile in differentiating mouse skeletal muscle myoblast cells helps confer increasing resistance to apoptosis (2006)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a alpha/beta/gamma heterotrimer to preserve ATP levels and so cell viability during stressful conditions. However, its role in aiding survival of adult skeletal muscle precursor cells is unclear. Using the differentiating mouse C2C12 postnatal skeletal muscle myoblast cell line, we have determined that proteins for the AMPK subunit isoforms alpha2 and gamma2 are constitutively expressed, while those for alpha1, beta1 and beta2 are undetectable in undifferentiated myoblasts but increasingly expressed with differentiation to myotubes. Although the gamma3 subunit is expressed at a low level in myoblasts, it too is expressed increasingly with differentiation to myotubes. The p50 but not the p72 isoform of the embryonic alpha subunit homologue MELK is expressed only in proliferating myoblasts, while the ARK5 alpha subunit homologue is increasingly expressed with differentiation. Myotubes displayed higher basal and stimulated alpha1/alpha2 AMPK activation than myoblasts. Furthermore, serum starvation resulted in less apoptosis of differentiated myotubes than of undifferentiated myoblasts. This reflects, in part, the increased expression of functional AMPK in the myotubes, since specific inhibition of AMPK activity with 6-[4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)-phenyl]-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo[1,5-alpha] pyrimidine (Compound C) exacerbated the apoptosis resulting from serum withdrawal. If these in vitro events can also occur in vivo, they could have implications for pathologies such as muscle wasting, in which undifferentiated satellite stem cells may be easier apoptotic targets than their differentiated counterparts. Furthermore, these results suggest that when interpreting results from in vitro or in vivo experiments on AMPK, the subunit expression profile should be taken into account.
Stress Relaxation as Used in Underhood Component Design Verification (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Bench testing is a critical step in the design verification process of underhood components. The challenge to the test engineer in developing a component test is to both simulate in-use conditions and to establish useful and measurable performance criteria.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The primary performance criteria for a sealing system, as in a rocker cover, is its ability to maintain a minimum sealing force necessary to prevent leakage. Compressive stress relaxation has been shown to be an important test for evaluating sealing materials and through the ASTM E-328 test method, a complete sealing system assembly can be evaluated.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A test system has been developed to measure compressive stress relaxation of actual components and component assemblies under a variety of environmental conditions. The system was used to verify the design of a rocker cover assembly for its ability to maintain a minimum sealing force under simulated engine operating conditions.</div>
Reduced hardware transactions: a new approach to hybrid transactional memory (2013)

For many years, the accepted wisdom has been that the key to adoption of best-effort hardware transactions is to guarantee progress by combining them with an all software slow-path, to be taken if the hardware transactions fail repeatedly. However, all known generally applicable hybrid transactional memory solutions suffer from a major drawback: the coordination with the software slow-path introduces an unacceptably high instrumentation overhead into the hardware transactions. This paper overcomes the problem using a new approach which we call reduced hardware (RH) transactions. Instead of an allsoftware slow path, in RH transactions part of the slow-path is executed using a smaller hardware transaction. The purpose of this hardware component is not to speed up the slow-path (though this is a side effect). Rather, using it we are able to eliminate almost all of the instrumentation from the common hardware fast-path, making it virtually as fast as a pure hardware transaction. Moreover, the “mostly software ” slow-path is obstruction-free (no locks), allows execution of long transactions and protected instructions that may typically cause hardware transactions to fail, allows complete concurrency between hardware and software transactions, and uses the shorter hardware transactions only to commit. Finally, we show how to easily default to a mode allowing an all-software slow-slow mode in case the “mostly software ” slowpath fails to commit. 1.
Continuous ultraviolet roll nanoimprinting process for replicating large-scale nano- and micropatterns (2006)

With the increasing demand for large-scale nano- and micropatterns in the field of digital displays, nano- and micropattern replication technology has become a research priority. In this study, a continuous ultraviolet (UV) roll nanoimprinting process using a pattern roll stamper for the replication of large-scale nano- and micropatterns was designed and constructed. Several flexible nano- and micropatterns with large areas were fabricated and analyzed as tests of this continuous UV imprinting process.
Conflict analysis in multiprocess synthesis for optimized system integration (2005)

This paper presents a novel approach for multiprocess synthesis supporting well-tailored module integration at system level. The goal is to extend the local scope of existing architectural synthesis approaches in order to apply global optimization techniques across process bounds for shared system resources (e.g. memories, busses, global ALUs) during scheduling and binding. This allows an area efficient implementation of un-timed or cycle-fixed multiprocess specifications at RT or algorithmic level of abstraction. Furthermore, this approach supports environment-oriented synthesis for optimized module integration by scheduling accesses to global resources with respect to the access schedules of other modules communicating to the same global resources. As a result, dynamic access conflicts can be avoided by construction, and hence, there is no need for dynamic arbitration of bus and memory accesses with potentially unpredictable timing behavior.
Blockade of ATP-sensitive potassium channels prevents myocardial preconditioning in dogs. (1992)

Single or multiple brief periods of ischemia (preconditioning) have been shown to protect the myocardium from infarction after a subsequent more prolonged ischemic insult. To test the hypothesis that preconditioning is the result of opening ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, a selective KATP channel antagonist, glibenclamide, was administered before or immediately after preconditioning in barbital-anesthetized open-chest dogs subjected to 60 minutes of left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) occlusion followed by 5 hours of reperfusion. Preconditioning was elicited by 5 minutes of LCX occlusion followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion before the 60-minute occlusion period. Glibenclamide (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) or vehicle was given 10 minutes before the initial ischemic insult in each of four groups. In a fifth group, glibenclamide was administered immediately after preconditioning. In a final series (group 6), a selective potassium channel opener, RP 52891 (10 micrograms/kg bolus and 0.1 micrograms/mg/min i.v.) was started 10 minutes before occlusion and continued throughout reperfusion. Transmural myocardial blood flow was measured at 30 minutes of occlusion, and infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium staining and expressed as a percent of the area at risk. There were no significant differences in hemodynamics, collateral blood flow, or area at risk between groups. The ratio of infarct size to area at risk in the control group (28 +/- 6%) was not different from the group pretreated with glibenclamide in the absence of preconditioning (31 +/- 6%). Preconditioning produced a marked reduction (p less than 0.002) in infarct size (28 +/- 6% to 6 +/- 2%), whereas glibenclamide administered before or immediately after preconditioning completely abolished the protective effect (28 +/- 6% and 30 +/- 8%, respectively). RP 52891 also produced a significant (p less than 0.03) reduction (28 +/- 6% to 13 +/- 3%) in infarct size. These results suggest that myocardial preconditioning in the canine heart is mediated by activation of KATP channels and that these channels may serve an endogenous myocardial protective role.
Molecular Detection of <i>APC</i>, K‐<i>ras,</i> and <i>p53</i> Mutations in the Serum of Colorectal Cancer Patients as Circulating Biomarkers (2004)

Early detection of tumor DNA in serum/plasma prior to the development of recurrence or metastases could help improve the outcome of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) after tumor resection. Recent advances in the detection of tumor DNA in the serum/plasma has opened up numerous new areas for investigation and new possibilities for molecular diagnosis. APC and K- ras mutations are considered to be early-stage developments of CRCs, whereas p53 mutations are thought to be relatively late events in the tumorigenesis of CRCs. The aim of this study was to search for the presence of genetic mutations in the DNA extracted from the serum of CRC patients and healthy subjects. We simultaneously evaluate the significance of APC, K- ras, and p53 gene mutations in cancer tissues and their paired serum samples of 104 CRC patients by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP) followed by direct sequencing. Additionally, analysis was carried out to detect the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in CRC patients. Overall, we found at least one of the gene mutations in tumor tissues from 75% (78/104) of the CRC patients. Comparison of the three molecular markers showed that the detection rates in the serum were 30.4%, 34.0%, and 34.2% for APC, K- ras, and p53 genes, respectively. Of these patients, 46.2% (36/78) were identified as having positive serum results, whereas all healthy controls remained negative. The overall positive tumor DNA detection rates in the serum were 0% (0/7) for Dukes' A classification, 22.4% (11/49) for Dukes' B, 48.7% (19/39) for Dukes' C, and 66.7% (6/9) for Dukes' D. The detection rate increased as the tumor stage progressed ( p = 0.012). Concurrently, a significant difference was observed between lymph node metastases and positive serum tumor DNA detection ( p < 0.001). A significantly higher postoperative metastasis/recurrence rate in patients harboring gene mutations with serum tumor DNA than those without serum tumor DNA was also demonstrated ( p < 0.001). However, no significant correlation between the postoperative metastasis/recurrence and serum CEA levels was observed ( p = 0.247). These data suggest that the identification of circulating tumor DNA using the molecular detection of APC, K- ras, and p53 gene mutations is a potential tool for early detection of postoperative recurrence/metastases. Moreover, these genes may be potential molecular markers of poor clinical outcome in CRC patients.
A Collaborative Brain-Computer Interface for Improving Human Performance (2011)

Electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCI) have been studied since the 1970s. Currently, the main focus of BCI research lies on the clinical use, which aims to provide a new communication channel to patients with motor disabilities to improve their quality of life. However, the BCI technology can also be used to improve human performance for normal healthy users. Although this application has been proposed for a long time, little progress has been made in real-world practices due to technical limits of EEG. To overcome the bottleneck of low single-user BCI performance, this study proposes a collaborative paradigm to improve overall BCI performance by integrating information from multiple users. To test the feasibility of a collaborative BCI, this study quantitatively compares the classification accuracies of collaborative and single-user BCI applied to the EEG data collected from 20 subjects in a movement-planning experiment. This study also explores three different methods for fusing and analyzing EEG data from multiple subjects: (1) Event-related potentials (ERP) averaging, (2) Feature concatenating, and (3) Voting. In a demonstration system using the Voting method, the classification accuracy of predicting movement directions (reaching left vs. reaching right) was enhanced substantially from 66% to 80%, 88%, 93%, and 95% as the numbers of subjects increased from 1 to 5, 10, 15, and 20, respectively. Furthermore, the decision of reaching direction could be made around 100-250 ms earlier than the subject's actual motor response by decoding the ERP activities arising mainly from the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), which are related to the processing of visuomotor transmission. Taken together, these results suggest that a collaborative BCI can effectively fuse brain activities of a group of people to improve the overall performance of natural human behavior.
Performance limitations of low-voltage regulators using only n-p-n transistors (1991)

Techniques to reduce the sensitivity of the error amplifier to supply voltage and temperature variations in low-voltage regulators which use only n-p-n transistors as active devices are examined. The line regulation for inherently stable error amplifier topologies is bounded below by 0.7 mV/V. Current or voltage sharing imposes a constraint on the gain available from the feedback error amplifier. This has not been previously achieved with n-p-n or BiCMOS circuits. A fully compensated all-n-p-n regulator that achieves the optical performance using feedforward internal bias stabilization is described. The factors degrading line regulation are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>