gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agar overlay method to measure adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis to four plastic surfaces (1985)

The comparative adherence of seven strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis to plastic surfaces was measured by an agar overlay technique in which adherent organisms were counted by their ability to form colonies under an agar overlay. The degree of adherence to plastics decreased in the order polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, Silastic, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
Oral history work at Oodnadatta (1986)

This year we have been working as consultants to the Oodnadatta Aboriginal Housing Society. Our brief is a combination of site recording and oral history collection done in liaison with the Aboriginal Heritage Branch of the South Australian Department of Environment and Planning. The program has at present three phases: introduction to the community and initial work, which was done on a part-time basis in 1985; intensive collection of life history material and reminiscences, which is the job for 1986; final collection, collating and writing up, projected for 1987. An additional year's work would be ideal but funding, always problematic, may rule this out for 1988.
Gene expression profiling revealed novel mechanism of action of Taxotere and Furtulon in prostate cancer cells (2005)

Taxotere and Furtulon caused the alternation of a large number of genes, many of which may contribute to the molecular mechanisms by which Taxotere and Furtulon inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells. This information could be utilized for further mechanistic research and for devising optimized therapeutic strategies against prostate cancer.
Automated detection of hidden internal insect infestations in wheat kernels using electrical conductance (2002)

The wheat industry is in need of an automated, economical, and rapid means to detect whole wheat kernels internally infested with insects. The feasibility of the Perten Single-Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) to detect internal insect infestations was studied. The SKCS monitors compression force and electrical conductance as individual kernels are being crushed. Samples of hard red winter wheat (HRW) and soft red winter wheat (SRW) infested with rice weevil and lesser grain borer were run through the SKCS and the conductance/crush signals saved for post-run processing. It was found that a discontinuity is often present in the conductance signal of an insect-infested kernel. An algorithm was developed to classify kernels as infested, based on features of the conductance signal. Average classification accuracies for all wheat samples were 24.5% for small-sized larvae, 62.2% for medium-sized larvae, 87.5% for large-sized larvae, and 88.6% for pupae. There were no false positives (sound kernels classified as infested). The classification algorithm is robust for a wide range of moisture contents. Classification accuracy was somewhat better for kernels infested with rice weevils than for lesser grain borer, and classification accuracy was better for HRW than for SRW.
The Effect of Nitrogen Deficiency and Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids on the Reduction of Sulfate to Hydrogen Sulfide by Wine Yeasts (1994)

The formation of hydrogen sulfide in wine has been shown to arise from fermentations of grape musts with nitrogenous deficiencies. This work was instigated to explore this formation with the use of a qualitative, but simple, rapid, and explicit method for hydrogen sulfide detection. Two yeast strains were used that showed representative high and low formations of sulfide from sulfite. In synthetic medium, without added sulfite, the formation of hydrogen sulfide was shown to come exclusively from reduction of sulfate and was dependent upon the limiting concentration of ammonia. The amount of <i>n</i>-propanol formed was also found to be dependent upon the yeast strain and upon the ammonia present. Under ammonia limitations, the addition of non-sulfur containing amino acids tended to inhibit the formation of hydrogen sulfide from sulfate but increased formation of sulfite. Added cysteine brought about increased sulfide but inhibited sulfite formation. Added methionine inhibited both sulfide and sulfite formation, as expected. These results, while preliminary, show that sulfate can be the main substrate for hydrogen sulfide production. The amount of <i>n</i>-propanol formed was explained by metabolic control by methionine.
SFCGen: A framework for efficient generation of multi-dimensional space-filling curves by recursion (2005)

Because they are continuous and self-similar, space-filling curves have been widely used in mathematics to transform multi-dimensional problems into one-dimensional forms. For scientific applications, reordering computation by certain space-filling curves can significantly improve data reuse because of the locality properties of these curves. However, when space-filling curves are used in programs for reordering data, traversal or indexing of the curves must be efficient. To address this problem, we present the table-driven framework SFCGen to efficiently generate multi-dimensional space-filling curves on the fly. The framework is general and easy enough to be used in any application that can be partitioned recursively in multiple dimensions. We describe a movement specification table, a universal turtle algorithm to enumerate points along a space-filling curve, a table-based indexing algorithm to transform coordinates of a point into its position along the curve and an algorithm to pregenerate the table automatically. As examples, we show how high-dimensional Hilbert, Morton, and Peano curves and a two-dimensional Sierpiński curve can be generated with our algorithms. We present performance results for Hilbert, Morton, and Peano curves and compare the efficiency of our curve generation algorithm with the most recent work on generating Hilbert curves. Our experimental results on three modern microprocessor-based platforms show that SFCGen performs up to 63% faster than the most recent recursive algorithm on 2D curve generation and up to a factor of 132 faster than two previous byte-oriented non-recursive implementations. On curve indexing, SFCGen performs as much as a factor of three faster than the byte-oriented implementation. Our results on 4D space-filling curves also show that SFCGen scales very well with curve level for higher dimensional spaces.
A Cascade of Wnt, Eda, and Shh Signaling Is Essential for Touch Dome Merkel Cell Development (2016)

The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway regulates developmental, homeostatic, and repair processes throughout the body. In the skin, touch domes develop in tandem with primary hair follicles and contain sensory Merkel cells. The developmental signaling requirements for touch dome specification are largely unknown. We found dermal Wnt signaling and subsequent epidermal Eda/Edar signaling promoted Merkel cell morphogenesis by inducing Shh expression in early follicles. Lineage-specific gene deletions revealed intraepithelial Shh signaling was necessary for Merkel cell specification. Additionally, a Shh signaling agonist was sufficient to rescue Merkel cell differentiation in Edar-deficient skin. Moreover, Merkel cells formed in Fgf20 mutant skin where primary hair formation was defective but Shh production was preserved. Although developmentally associated with hair follicles, fate mapping demonstrated Merkel cells primarily originated outside the hair follicle lineage. These findings suggest that touch dome development requires Wnt-dependent mesenchymal signals to establish reciprocal signaling within the developing ectoderm, including Eda signaling to primary hair placodes and ultimately Shh signaling from primary follicles to extrafollicular Merkel cell progenitors. Shh signaling often demonstrates pleiotropic effects within a structure over time. In postnatal skin, Shh is known to regulate the self-renewal, but not the differentiation, of touch dome stem cells. Our findings relate the varied effects of Shh in the touch dome to the ligand source, with locally produced Shh acting as a morphogen essential for lineage specification during development and neural Shh regulating postnatal touch dome stem cell maintenance.
SCUT: Multi-Class Imbalanced Data Classification using SMOTE and Cluster-based Undersampling (2015)

Class imbalance is a crucial problem in machine learning and occurs in many domains. Specifically, the two-class problem has received interest from researchers in recent years, leading to solutions for oil spill detection, tumour discovery and fraudulent credit card detection, amongst others. However, handling class imbalance in datasets that contains multiple classes, with varying degree of imbalance, has received limited attention. In such a multi-class imbalanced dataset, the classification model tends to favour the majority classes and incorrectly classify instances from the minority classes as belonging to the majority classes, leading to poor predictive accuracies. Further, there is a need to handle both the imbalances between classes as well as address the selection of examples within a class (i.e. the so-called within class imbalance). In this paper, we propose the SCUT hybrid sampling method, which is used to balance the number of training examples in such a multi-class setting. Our SCUT approach oversamples minority class examples through the generation of synthetic examples and employs cluster analysis in order to undersample majority classes. In addition, it handles both within-class and between-class imbalance. Our experimental results against a number of multi-class problems show that, when the SCUT method is used for pre-processing the data before classification, we obtain highly accurate models that compare favourably to the state-of-the-art.
Dimensions of conflict: emigrant labor from colonial Malawi and Zambia 1900-1945. (1987)

This account of change in colonial Malawi and Zambia implies a new interpretation of the relationship between agriculture and migration from the 1930s. The rise-and-fall hypothesis is inadequate. The history of maize production in Zambia and of tobacco in Malawi does not reinforce the image of peasant agriculture suddenly collapsing before the onslaught of the state in the 1930s. The dynamics of the process are to be found principally in the contradictory development between the forces and relations of agricultural production. In particular the lack of structural change in the productive forces led to serious changes in the ecosystem. These transformations helped to forge alliances between dominant colonial and African groups. Falling agricultural productivity from the late 1930s made it more difficult for elders to rely upon agriculture as a source of accumulation. Elders in the valley began to look to migration as a more reliable base for accumulation. The substantial quantitative impact of emigration on rural Malawi and Zambia in the absence of mortality decline suggests that pressures on African fertility were probably intensified. It is hypothesized that there would have been a double demand for reproducing labor: the rapidly changing peasant economy and the expanding capitalist sphere. The struggle for the control of this labor created or intensified conflicts within African societies--between women and men and between elders and youth--and between Africans and their European colonizers. The biggest losers in the emerging pattern of labor control were new wives who found themselves at a disadvantage by being both young and female. Young men took advantage of their newly won freedom depriving women of their work partners and their rights to the agricultural labor of their husbands.
Signal Processing in the Philips ‘VLP’ System (1974)

On the ‘VLP’ record there is a single information track in which all the information is stored for the reproduction of a colour-television programme with sound. The photographic process used for writing the information on to the master record is highly nonlinear, and can therefore only be used for recording a signal with just two levels. The information can then only be present in variations in the distances between successive transitions from one level to the other. A system of coding will therefore be necessary if four or five signals are to be recorded simultaneously in this way (brightness, two colour signals and one or two sound signals).
One Bit Flips, One Cloud Flops: Cross-VM Row Hammer Attacks and Privilege Escalation (2016)

Row hammer attacks exploit electrical interactions between neighboring memory cells in high-density dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) to induce memory errors. By rapidly and repeatedly accessing DRAMs with specific patterns, an adversary with limited privilege on the target machine may trigger bit flips in memory regions that he has no permission to access directly. In this paper, we explore row hammer attacks in cross-VM settings, in which a malicious VM exploits bit flips induced by row hammer attacks to crack memory isolation enforced by virtualization. To do so with high fidelity, we develop novel techniques to determine the physical address mapping in DRAMmodules at runtime (to improve the effectiveness of double-sided row hammer attacks), methods to exhaustively hammer a large fraction of physical memory from a guest VM (to collect exploitable vulnerable bits), and innovative approaches to break Xen paravirtualized memory isolation (to access arbitrary physical memory of the shared machine). Our study also suggests that the demonstrated row hammer attacks are applicable in modern public clouds where Xen paravirtualization technology is adopted. This shows that the presented cross-VM row hammer attacks are of practical importance.
Influence of Calcium on the Physical Properties of Gelatin Solutions and on Symplex Formation with Macromolecular Polyanions (1992)

AbstractComplex-bound calcium ions strongly decrease the electric potential carried by gelatin. This applies to all UEP-gelatins and does not depend on their molecular mass. The influence of calcium ions on physical characteristics such as viscosity, is not significant.Macromolecular polyanions such as polystyrene sulphonate (PSS) and i-carraghenan form symplex structures with gelatin on the basis of the Coulomb interactions. These symplexes coagulate on lowering the pH.Calcium ions shift the range of coagulation depending on the molecular ratios of polyanions to cations (gelatin). Adding calcium ions to calciumfree gelatin gives a completely similar behaviour.In the case of high molecular mass polyanions (PSS 300000 D) the effect of calcium ions on the viscosity is dramatic, with a loss of viscosity by a factor of 4 to 5.The modifications of physical properties caused by calcium ions are explained in terms of interactions with free sulphonate or sulphate groups in the symplex structure.
Identification of Cell-Penetrating Peptides That Are Bactericidal to Neisseria meningitidis and Prevent Inflammatory Responses upon Infection (2013)

Meningococcal disease is characterized by a fast progression and a high mortality rate. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), developed as vectors for cargo delivery into eukaryotic cells, share structural features with antimicrobial peptides. A screen identified two CPPs, transportan-10 (TP10) and model amphipathic peptide (MAP), with bactericidal action against Neisseria meningitidis. Both peptides were active in human whole blood at micromolar concentrations, while hemolysis remained negligible. Additionally, TP10 exhibited significant antibacterial activity in vivo. Uptake of SYTOX green into live meningococci was observed within minutes after TP10 treatment, suggesting that TP10 may act by membrane permeabilization. Apart from its bactericidal activity, TP10 suppressed inflammatory cytokine release from macrophages infected with N. meningitidis as well as from macrophages stimulated with enterobacterial and meningococcal lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Finally, incubation with TP10 reduced the binding of LPS to macrophages. This novel endotoxin-inhibiting property of TP10, together with its antimicrobial activity in vivo, indicates the possibility to design peptide-based therapies for infectious diseases.
<title>Entropy coding for wavelet transform of image and its application for motion picture coding</title> (1991)

Motion picture wavelet coding is investigated. Wavelet coding[5,6,7] is expected to be a next generation transform coding, because it can reduce blocking effect and mosquito noise which are the major source of image quality degradation in conventional transform coding methods. Entropy coding of wavelet coefficients is first discussed, then blockless motion compensated adaptive inter/intra-frame prediction method is proposed for motion picture wavelet coding. Coding efficiency is evaluated by simulation. The proposed techniques improve subjective quality of decoded pictures.
ORMOCER®S – Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials for e/o-Interconnection-Technology (2000)

Abstract Hybrid inorganic-organic polymers (ORMOCER®s) have been developed and tested for evaluation in optical and electrical interconnection technology. The photopatternable materials with negative resist behaviour are composed of inorganic oxidic structures cross-linked or substituted by organic groups. They are prepared from organosilane precursors by sol-gel-processing in combination with organic crosslinking of polymerizable organic functions. As a result of these functionalities the properties of the ORMOCER®s can be adjusted to particular applications. Systematic variation of composition combined with adaptation to micro system technology allows great flexibility in processing. The main features of these materials are: •Combined use as dielectric and passivation layers in electrical systems and devices as well as core and cladding for optical applications enables e/o applications with high integration levels.•Postbaking at moderate temperatures (120°C – 170°C) enables processing on low-cost substrates such as FR-4 and BT.•Easily adaptable to thin film technology: spin-on with planarisation >90% and via diameters down to 20μm have been achieved.
Enhancing data migration performance via parallel data compression (2002)

Scientific simulations often produce large volumes of output that are moved to another platform for visualization or storage. This long-distance migration is slow due to the data size and slow network. Compression can improve migration performance by reducing the data size, but compression is computation-intensive and so can raise costs. In this work, we show how to reduce data migration cost by incorporating compression into migration. We analyze eight scientific data sets, and propose three approaches for parallel compression of scientific data. Our results show that with reasonably fast processors and typical parallel configurations, the compression cost for large scientific data is outweighed by the performance gain obtained by migrating less data. We found that a client-side compression approach (CC) can improve I/O and migration performance by an order of magnitude. In our experiments, CC always matches or outperforms migration without compression when we overlap migration with computation, even for not very compressible dense floating point data. We also present a variant of CC that is well suited for use with implementations of two-phase I/O.
Children tantrum behaviour analysis based on Kinect sensor (2011)

Tantrums exerts bad impact on children growth. It is very important to provide doctors with valid and reliable data in time to discover the abnormal behaviors of children. Children behavior analysis in video has been proposed to help; however, there are still three challenges of current implementations: caregivers' attitudes, video collecting and analysis, approaches to prove their effectiveness. In this paper we propose a prototype system, in which we exploit medical knowledge, questionnaire based attitudes investigation and Kinect based behavior analysis algorithm to address those problems. To assess the effectiveness of our system, we also design a questionnaire to interview the doctor and analyze the feedback result.
The Pan-PIM Kinase Inhibitor LGH447 Shows Activity In PIM2-Dependent Multiple Myeloma and In AML Models (2013)

Abstract Background PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3 are a closely related family of constitutively active serine/threonine kinases. PIM kinases were first identified as common integration sites in MMLV-induced murine T-cell lymphomas, with these viral insertions resulting in transcriptional activation and expression of the kinase. Similar unbiased insertional mutagenesis screens were used to demonstrate that the three kinases could substitute for each other in this oncogenic process, indicating that inhibition of all three PIM kinases may be necessary to achieve a therapeutic benefit. In human cancers, increased expression and activity of PIM kinases has been detected in many hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors (prostate, lung, liver) and it is thought that this contributes to cancer cell survival and proliferation in these malignancies. Methods & Results We have developed a potent and specific pan-PIM inhibitor, LGH447, and shown that it is active in PIM2-dependent Multiple Myeloma (MM) cell lines by inhibiting proliferation, mTOR-C1 signaling and phosphorylation of BAD. In addition, LGH447 inhibited proliferation of several AML cell lines. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LGH447 inhibits tumor growth in several mouse subcutaneous xenograft models of MM and AML, where modulation of the pharmacodynamic marker phospho-S6 Ribosomal Protein was used to predict efficacy. We have also determined that LGH447 significantly reduced the bone tumor burden in a disseminated orthotopic human xenograft model of MM. Finally, we have demonstrated increased activity of LGH447 in combination with the PI3K inhibitor BYL719 in a MM model and with Cytarabine in an AML model. Summary Our Results have supported the clinical development of LGH447, a Pan-PIM inhibitor, in relapsed, refractory MM, and further suggest that it may be effective in the treatment of AML and other hematological malignancies, either as a single agent or in combination with other select therapeutic agents. Disclosures: Garcia: Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research: Employment, Equity Ownership. Langowski:Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research: Employment. Holash:Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research: Employment, Equity Ownership. Burger:Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research: Employment, Equity Ownership. Zang:Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research: Employment, Equity Ownership. Zavorotinskaya:Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research: Employment, Equity Ownership. Fanton:Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research: Employment, Equity Ownership. Saci:Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research: Employment, Equity Ownership. Growney:Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research: Employment, Equity Ownership. Vanasse:Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Employment.
Combination of Radiofrequency Ablation with Antiangiogenic Therapy for Tumor Ablation Efficacy: Study in Mice (2007)

Treatment of RCC in nude mice with the antiangiogenic agent sorafenib resulted in markedly decreased MVD and significantly larger zones of RF-induced coagulation necrosis.