gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benefits and Costs of Earthquake Early Warning (2016)

Research Article| March 23, 2016 Benefits and Costs of Earthquake Early Warning Jennifer A. Strauss; Jennifer A. Strauss aBerkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 215 McCone Hall, Number 4760, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A.jastrauss@berkeley.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Richard M. Allen Richard M. Allen aBerkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 215 McCone Hall, Number 4760, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A.jastrauss@berkeley.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Seismological Research Letters (2016) 87 (3): 765–772. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150149 Article history first online: 14 Jul 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Jennifer A. Strauss, Richard M. Allen; Benefits and Costs of Earthquake Early Warning. Seismological Research Letters 2016;; 87 (3): 765–772. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150149 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search ABSTRACT Earthquake early warning (EEW) is the rapid detection of earthquakes underway and the alerting of people and infrastructure in harms way. Public warning systems are now operational in Mexico and Japan, and smaller‐scale systems deliver alerts to specific users in Turkey, Taiwan, China, Romania, and the United States. The warnings can arrive seconds to minutes before strong shaking, and a review of early warning applications around the world shows this time can be used to reduce the impact of an earthquake by many sectors of society. Individuals can use the alert time to drop, cover, and hold on, reducing injuries and fatalities, or if alert time allows, evacuate hazardous buildings. Train derailments can be reduced, chemical splits limited, patients in hospitals protected, fire ignitions prevented; workers in hazardous environments protected from fall/pinch hazards, reducing head injuries and/or death. It is impossible to complete an exhaustive list of applications and savings generated by a warning system in the United States, but the benefits clearly outweigh the costs. Three lives saved, two semiconductor plants warned, one Bay Area Rapid Transit train slowed, a 1% reduction in nonfatal injuries, and a 0.25% avoidance of gas‐related fire damage would each save enough money to pay for 1 year of operation of a public warning system for the entire U.S. West Coast. EEW could also reduce the number of injuries in earthquakes by more than 50%. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
A Synthetic Model for the Putative Fe<sup>IV</sup><sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Diamond Core of Methane Monooxygenase Intermediate Q (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Synthetic Model for the Putative FeIV2O2 Diamond Core of Methane Monooxygenase Intermediate QMiquel Costas, Jan-Uwe Rohde, Audria Stubna, Raymond Y. N. Ho, Luca Quaroni, Eckard Münck, and Lawrence QueView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 51, 12931–12932Publication Date (Web):December 1, 2001Publication History Received1 October 2001Published online1 December 2001Published inissue 1 December 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja017204fCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1276Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (48 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbon,Extended X-ray absorption fine structure,Oscillation,Peptides and proteins,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts
An integrating photometer employing scalloped gratings (1955)

A new type of controlled-diffuser consisting of a scalloped grating has been developed, and this leads to the design of a high accuracy integrating photometer, which can operate when the total light flux is below one microlumen. Both the theory and the details of preparation of a scalloped grating diffuser are given. An experiment illustrating the efficiency of the scalloped grating relative to other diffusers is described together with an experimental test on a particular design of integrating photometer.
Mushroom Cultivation, Production of Mushrooms from Sawdust (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMushroom Cultivation, Production of Mushrooms from SawdustS. S. Block, George Tsao, and Lunghwa HanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1958, 6, 12, 923–927Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60094a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60094a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metastable Tolerance to Rhesus Monkey Renal Transplants Is Correlated with Allograft TGF-β1+CD4+ T Regulatory Cell Infiltrates (2004)

Approaches that prevent acute rejection of renal transplants in a rhesus monkey model were studied to determine a common mechanism of acceptance. After withdrawal of immunosuppression, all 14 monkeys retained normal allograft function for >6 mo. Of these, nine rejected their renal allograft during the study, and five maintained normal function throughout the study period. The appearance of TGF-beta 1(+) interstitial mononuclear cells in the graft coincided with a nonrejection histology, whereas the absence/disappearance of these cells was observed with the onset of rejection. Analysis with a variety of TGF-beta 1-reactive Abs indicated that the tolerance-associated infiltrates expressed the large latent complex form of TGF-beta 1. Peripheral leukocytes from rejecting monkeys lacking TGF-beta 1(+) allograft infiltrates responded strongly to donor Ags in delayed-type hypersensitivity trans-vivo assays. In contrast, allograft acceptors with TGF-beta 1(+) infiltrates demonstrated a much weaker peripheral delayed-type hypersensitivity response to donor alloantigens (p < 0.01 vs rejectors), which could be restored by Abs that either neutralized active TGF-beta 1 or blocked its conversion from latent to active form. Anti-IL-10 Abs had no restorative effect. Accepted allografts had CD8(+) and CD4(+) interstitial T cell infiltrates, but only the CD4(+) subset included cells costaining for TGF-beta 1. Our data support the hypothesis that the recruitment of CD4(+) T regulatory cells to the allograft interstitium is a final common pathway for metastable renal transplant tolerance in a non-human primate model.
A privilege management system for a secure network (2002)

Modern research projects may involve dozens of geographically distributed collaborators who access distributed information, applications workstations and devices. We are developing an architecture and methods for distributed, decentralized privilege management and enforcement with regard to access to distributed mass storage data and information via the Internet. Our approach does not require modification of the supporting operating system yet provides a more flexible and finer grained privilege system. We use X-windows and World Wide Web based interfaces in secure environments which support authentication and authorization. Toward this end, we have established secure distributed computing environment (DCE) networks at two sites and implemented selected features of the system. In this paper we report the design and implementation details of the project and summarize the issues that need to be resolved in future. The initial work is part of a larger Distributed Informatics Computing and Collaborative Environments (DICCE) project associated with the US Department of Energy's Energy Science Network (ESnet). The particular project is a joint effort between the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF), the Chinese Institute of High Energy Physics, and Old Dominion University.
Secure communication for smart IoT objects: Protocol stacks, use cases and practical examples (2012)

In this paper we discuss security procedures for constrained IoT devices. We start with the description of a general security architecture along with its basic procedures, then discuss how its elements interact with the constrained communication stack and explore pros and cons of popular security approaches at various layers of the ISO/OSI model. We also discuss a practical example for the establishment of end-to-end secure channels between constrained and unconstrained devices. The proposed method is lightweight and allows the protection of IoT devices through strong encryption and authentication means, so that constrained devices can benefit from the same security functionalities that are typical of unconstrained domains, without however having to execute computationally intensive operations. To make this possible, we advocate using trusted unconstrained nodes for the offloading of computationally intensive tasks. Moreover, our design does not require any modifications to the protocol stacks of unconstrained nodes.
Nucleotlde sequence characterization of Ty 1–17 , a class II transposon from yeast (1985)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a class II yeast transposon (Ty 1-17) which is found just centromere-distal to the LEU2 structural gene on chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The complete element is 5961 bp long and is bounded by two identical, directly repeated, delta sequences of 332 bp each. The sequence organization indicates that Ty 1-17 is a retrotransposon, like the class I elements characterized previously. It contains two long open reading-frames, TyA (439 amino acids) and TyB (1349 amino acids). In this paper, the sequences of the two classes of yeast transposon are compared with one another and with analogous elements, such as retroviral proviruses, cauliflower mosaic virus and copia sequences. Features of the Ty 1-17 sequence which may be important to its mechanism of transposition and its genetic action are discussed.
Nano-magnetite (Fe3O4) as a support for recyclable catalysts in the development of sustainable methodologies (2013)

Surface functionalization of nano-magnetic nanoparticles is a well-designed way to bridge the gap between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. The introduction of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in a variety of solid matrices allows the combination of well-known procedures for catalyst heterogenization with techniques for magnetic separation. Magnetite is a well-known material, also known as ferrite (Fe3O4), and can be used as a versatile support for functionalization of metals, organocatalysts, N-heterocyclic carbenes, and chiral catalysts. It is used as a support for important homogeneous catalytically active metals such as Pd, Pt, Cu, Ni, Co, Ir, etc. to obtain stable and magnetically recyclable heterogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous organocatalysts can be successfully decorated with linkers/ligands on the surface of magnetite or alternatively the organocatalysts can be directly immobilized on the surface of magnetite. The functionalized magnetically retrievable catalysts or nanocatalysts that are increasingly being used in catalysis, green chemistry and pharmaceutically significant reactions are summarized in this review.
Lanthanide(III) and Group IV metal triflate catalysed electrophilic nitration: ‘nitrate capture’ and the rôle of the metal centre † (1999)

The lanthanide(III) triflate, [Ln(OH2)9](OTf)3 (Ln = La–Lu), catalysed nitration of a representative arene, viz. bromobenzene, is reported. The extent of nitration is found to be dependent on the charge-to-size ratio of the tripositive metal centre. A mechanistic scenario involving ‘nitrate capture’ in the auto-ionisation of nitric acid is presented where triflic acid plays a key role in the generation of the de facto nitration agent: the nitronium ion. Preparation of the putative intermediates, [(H2O)xLn(NO3)](OTf)2 (Ln = La–Lu), and characterisation by IR spectroscopy shows the nitrate anion is inner sphere and the triflate anions are outer sphere. Additionally, these salts show a steady increase in nitrate stretching IR frequencies as the charge-to-size ratio of the tripositive lanthanide increases, providing strong evidence for the nitrate capture model. Extrapolation to higher charge-to-size ratio predicts [Hf(OH2)x](OTf)4 to be a superior nitration catalyst. Experimental confirmation of theory is obtained by the application of [Hf(OH2)x](OTf)4 to the successful nitration of the strongly electron deficient arene o-nitrotoluene.
An integrated multidomain functional failure and propagation analysis approach for safe system design (2013)

Abstract Early system design analysis and fault removal is an important step in the iterative design process to avoid costly repairs in the later stages of system development. System complexity is increasing with increased use of software to control the physical system. There is a dearth of techniques to evaluate inconsistencies, incompatibility, and fault proneness of the system design in an integrated manner. The early design analysis technique presented in this paper aids a designer to understand the interplay between the multifaceted components and evaluate his/her design in an integrated manner. The technique allows simultaneous propagation of different types of faults from various domains and evaluates their functional impact over a period of time. The structure of the technique is explained using domain-specific conceptual metamodels, whereas the execution is based on the event sequence diagram, which is one of the established reliability and safety analysis techniques. One of the notable features of the proposed technique is the object-oriented nature of the system design representation. The technique is demonstrated with the help of a case study, and the execution results of two scenarios are evaluated to demonstrate the analysis capability of the proposed technique.
Iron(II) Complexes Bearing Chelating Cyclopentadienyl-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands as Catalysts for Hydrosilylation and Hydrogen Transfer Reactions (2010)

A series of piano-stool iron(II) complexes bearing bidentate cyclopentadienyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (Cp-NHC)Fe(CO)I (Cp = substituted and unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl) have been prepared upon reaction with Fe(CO)4I2 and characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. The 16-electron half-sandwich compound (Cp*-NHC)FeCl (Cp* = η5-C5Me4) has been synthesized by using FeCl2 as precursor material. The new iron complexes displayed good catalytic activity in catalytic transfer hydrogenation of ketones and hydrosilylation reactions.
A Unified Formulation of Segment Companding Laws and Synthesis of Codecs and Digital Compandors (1970)

Segment companding laws are being considered for use in PCM to cater to the possibility of digital processing of uniformly quantized signals. A unified formulation of the segment companding laws is presented, which permits the detailed structure of quantization to be explicitly characterized. Most important, it is shown that this formulation yields algorithms for the systematic synthesis of coders, decoders, and digital compandors. Examples of circuits synthesized from the algorithms are shown for two segment law companding families — the μ-law and the A-law.
Writing at high data rates (2003)

The physical restrictions on the write signal path in a hard disk drive are such that, at high data rates, the write electronics typically need a large voltage supply and generates much heat. In addition, the electronics produce inadequate write current wave forms that adversely affect the magnetic patterns to be recorded. After a brief overview of what has been proposed to alleviate this problem, a solution is presented wherein a high inductance head (56 nH) can be driven up to 1 Gb/s. This is made possible by compensating the head inductance into (nearly pure) resistance and matching this resistance to the characteristic impedance (75 Ω) of the 5 cm long driver-to-head interconnect. This compensation/matching only requires small, lossy capacitors, which can be implemented in the head-processing phase onto the head wafers as an integral part of head processing.
Real time control of a robotic manipulator via unreliable Internet connection (2002)

This paper describes the case study of a client-server system that allows real-time operation of a remote robot over an unreliable Internet connection. An operator can explore the remote environment and receive sensor and multimedia feedback. Different control strategies and their suitability are discussed. The engineering objective is to perform robust real time manual control over the Internet connection characterized by varying bandwidth and latency.
SEQUENTIAL THERAPY IN METASTATIC BREAST CANCER: SURVIVAL ANALYSIS WITH TIME DEPENDENT COVARIATES (2005)

Metastatic breast cancer, a disease with a high mortality rate among women, is a major public health problem in the United States and other developed countries. This study evaluated the effect of certain treatments within the clinical setting during the patients' individual courses of sequential treatments. A database based on clinical data from one practice of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Breast Cancer Program was used to analyze from data metastatic breast cancer patients receiving sequential therapies. Data from the clinic cohort were available from January 1999 to July 2005.Taxanes, a specific class of chemotherapeutic agents including Taxol® and Taxotere® have been demonstrated to be very effective in tumor control and symptom relief in metastatic breast cancer patients. However, it is unclear whether there is a benefit in survival compared to non-taxane compounds. Therefore, the survival among patients who received taxane-containing regimes versus those who never received taxane-containing regimes as chemotherapeutic agents needs attention.The purpose of this study is to investigate the survival benefit of taxanes, after initiating chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. Hence, survival analyses with time dependent covariates were employed. The results showed that taxane was beneficial for survival in women with metastatic breast cancer. However, the effect strongly depended on the estrogen receptor type. Patients who had metastatic breast cancer with negative estrogen receptors benefited from taxane therapy. In contrary, taxane showed an adverse effect in patients with positive estrogen receptor cancer. The combination of toxic side effects from the drug, patient characteristics, and timeline of taxane intervention might have possibly contributed to this finding.These results will facilitate the development of guidelines for the management of metastatic breast cancer. In the meantime it will be useful to guide clinicians in their decision-making regarding therapeutic regimes for metastatic breast cancer providing physicians and health care professionals with an important tool to improve public health.
Los Servicios de Inteligencia ante los retos de la Comunidad Internacional (2005)

El título de mi contribución a este número de la revista Arbor, «Los Servicios de inteligencia ante los retos de la comunidad internacional", posiblemente debería completarse con la frase, para las que aquéllos deben tener respuesta. Me explico. Es obvio que la comunidad internacional tiene que afrontar retos como el hambre, la pobreza, el cambio climático, que no menciono en mi artículo ya que no entran dentro del ámbito de actuación de los servicios de inteligencia, aunque ningún analista cualificado los ignoraría. No obstante, he creído conveniente centrar mi descripción, necesariamente sucinta, del panorama actual de las relaciones internacionales en aquellos factores que entiendo afectan directamente a la seguridad internacional y, por tanto, a la tarea de los servicios de inteligencia.
Modulation of hematopoietic and endothelial cell differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells by different culture conditions (2004)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells can differentiate into many different somatic cells in culture. To better correlate hematopoietic and endothelial cell differentiation of ES cells in currently available protocols, we compared fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1)-, stem cell leukemia (Scl)-, and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin)-expressing cells generated in embryoid bodies (EBs) and on OP9 cells. We report that the kinetics of Scl and Flk-1 expression were similar in EBs and OP9 cells, although Flk-1 expression was extended on OP9 cells. CD45+ and Ter-119+ cells developed more efficiently in EBs, whereas VE-cadherin+ cells developed largely on OP9 cells. Cell sorting and replating studies showed that Scl+ cells, not Flk-1+ or VE-cadherin+ cells, were enriched for primitive and definitive hematopoietic progenitors. Our studies indicate that optimal hematopoietic and endothelial cell differentiation occur in EBs and on OP9 cells, respectively. Regardless of the culture systems used, Scl is the most relevant marker for enriching primitive and definitive hematopoietic progenitors.