gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability of progesterone with different modes of administration. (1987)

The bioavailability of micronized progesterone (P) was studied by measuring sequential serum P concentrations after a single bolus of 50-200 mg P given sublingually, orally (capsule and tablet), vaginally and rectally (suppositories) during the follicular phase in a group of normally menstruating women. When compared to other modes of P administration, the area under the curve during the first eight hours was twice as high with the rectal route. With 50 and 100 mg P given sublingually and 100 and 200 mg ingested as tablets, peak levels and area under the curve were twice as high with the higher dosage. The response was more sustained with the higher dosage. All subjects exhibited a significant increase in serum P levels over baseline that persisted for at least eight hours. P levels were still increased over baseline at 24 hours in all subjects after the administration of 100-mg vaginal and rectal suppositories and 200-mg tablets. These findings are in general agreement with previous reports showing that luteal phase serum P concentrations can be reached easily with non-parenteral modes of administering micronized P and that oral P administration could become an attractive alternative to the currently used oral mode of administering synthetic progestins.
Designing Peptides on a Quantum Computer (2019)

Abstract Although a wide variety of quantum computers are currently being developed, actual computational results have been largely restricted to contrived, artificial tasks. Finding ways to apply quantum computers to useful, real-world computational tasks remains an active research area. Here we describe our mapping of the protein design problem to the D-Wave quantum annealer. We present a system whereby Rosetta, a state-of-the-art protein design software suite, interfaces with the D-Wave quantum processing unit to find amino acid side chain identities and conformations to stabilize a fixed protein backbone. Our approach, which we call the QPacker , uses a large side-chain rotamer library and the full Rosetta energy function, and in no way reduces the design task to a simpler format. We demonstrate that quantum annealer-based design can be applied to complex real-world design tasks, producing designed molecules comparable to those produced by widely adopted classical design approaches. We also show through large-scale classical folding simulations that the results produced on the quantum annealer can inform wet-lab experiments. For design tasks that scale exponentially on classical computers, the QPacker achieves nearly constant runtime performance over the range of problem sizes that could be tested. We anticipate better than classical performance scaling as quantum computers mature.
Deprenyl reinitiates estrous cycles, reduces serum prolactin, and decreases the incidence of mammary and pituitary tumors in old acyclic rats (1995)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long term treatment with deprenyl, a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, on estrous cyclicity, serum PRL, incidence of mammary and pituitary tumors, and monoamine metabolism in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and striatum (ST) of old female rats. Acyclic female Sprague-Dawley rats (15-16 months old) were treated sc with 0, 0.25, or 2.5 mg deprenyl/kg BW.day for more than 8 months. Body weight and food intake were measured every week, and the estrous cycles and development of mammary tumors were monitored throughout the treatment period. At the end of the treatment period, the concentrations of catecholamines, serotonin, and their metabolites in the MBH and ST were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. The wet weights of the pituitary, heart, liver, lung, kidney, adrenals, uterus, and ovaries were recorded. Trunk blood was collected for measurement of serum PRL concentrations by RIA. Deprenyl treatment temporarily reestablished estrous cycles in most of the rats. The incidence of pituitary and mammary tumors was markedly reduced in the deprenyl-treated rats compared with that in the saline-treated control rats. Deprenyl had no significant effect on the weights of internal organs. The high dose of deprenyl (2.5 mg/kg) decreased serum PRL concentrations significantly. There were no significant differences in body weight or food intake between the control and deprenyl-treated groups. Deprenyl decreased the concentrations of the monoamine metabolites, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, in both the MBH and ST. It had no effect on the concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine in the MBH, but significantly increased norepinephrine concentrations in the ST and serotonin concentrations in both the MBH and ST (P < 0.05). It is concluded that deprenyl treatment exerted these effects via suppression of monoamine metabolism.
Expression cloning exploiting PCR rescue of transfected genes. (1993)

Expression cloning in eukaryotic cells has allowed the isolation of many genes for which no protein or nucleic acid sequence information was available. In this paper we describe a model methodology for PCR-mediated rescue of transfected genes from eukaryotic cell lines after functional selection. This protocol should allow any readily transfectable cell line to serve as a host for functional selection of cDNA expression libraries.
Catalytic conversion of residual stocks (1979)

Bovine embryos were produced by in vitro maturation and fertilization of abattoir oocytes. The embryos were randomly allocated either to coculture with bovine oviduct cells in Menezo-B2 medium (control group), or to culture in the defined HECM-6 medium. At Day 5 after insemination the HECM-6 embryos were transferred to Menezo-B2 medium with (HECM-B2/BOEC) or without (HECM-B2) oviduct cells for further culture. The proportion of cleaved embryos and blastocysts, the morphology and the speed of development were compared for the control and HECM groups. Significantly more HECM-6 embryos than control embryos cleaved (88 +/- 3% vs 76 +/- 5% (+/- SD)). Significantly fewer blastocysts developed in the HECM-B2 than in the control group (28 +/- 2% vs 35 +/- 3%), in addition the speed of development was delayed and the morphology was impaired. In the HECM-B2/BOEC group no differences in neither morphology, blastocyst rates (31 +/- 8%) nor speed of development could be demonstrated, when compared with the control group. A portion of the control and HECM-B2 embryos were vitrified at Days 7-8, but no differences were noted in survival or morphology at 48 and 72 h post thawing. It can be concluded, that the defined medium HECM-6 can support bovine embryonic development through the 8-16 cell in vitro block stage without the use of coculture in a reliable way. In our system it was however necessary to transfer the embryos at Day 5 to coculture in Menezo-B2 medium to ensure optimal continuation of development.
Excitatory synaptic interactions between CA3 neurones in the guinea‐pig hippocampus. (1986)

Excitatory synaptic interactions between CA3 neurones in slices from guinea-pig hippocampus were examined. Recurrent excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) were evoked by action potentials in a single presynaptic neurone or by the antidromic activation of part of the CA3 pyramidal cell population. The peak amplitude of unitary e.p.s.p.s was 1-2 mV at potentials between -64 and -70 mV. Their time to peak was 7-12 ms and the initial phase of their decay was slower than that of a somatically injected voltage pulse. Recurrent e.p.s.p.s were often followed by a small (0.3 mV) hyperpolarization, or undershoot. Recurrent e.p.s.p.s were compared with e.p.s.p.s evoked by stimulating mossy fibres, which terminate proximally on apical dendrites of CA3 pyramidal cells. They were of slower time course and reversed at a more positive potential than mossy fibre e.p.s.p.s. Some synaptic terminals made by recurrent axon collaterals apparently terminate at distant locations on apical dendrites. The decay of both recurrent e.p.s.p.s and dendritic voltage pulses was prolonged by membrane depolarization within a 10-15 mV subthreshold potential range. Voltage-dependent inward currents activated by the synaptic depolarization may contribute to the slow initial decay of these synaptic events. The undershoot did not occur when transmission of a unitary e.p.s.p. failed and was of slower time course than the hyperpolarization due to an inhibitory post-synaptic potential (i.p.s.p.). It was suppressed by intracellular application of K+ channel blockers and probably reflects an intrinsic outward current activated as a consequence of the synaptic depolarization. Considerable temporal summation of synaptic potentials occurred when recurrent synapses were activated twice at an interval of 5-10 ms, typical of the spontaneous burst firing pattern of CA3 neurones. The mean facilitation of a second e.p.s.p. at this interval was about 0.6. The efficacy of a third and subsequent e.p.s.p.s at similar interval was reduced. Presynaptic bursts of three to five action potentials evoked summed e.p.s.p.s of amplitude 2-4 mV, with time to peak 20-40 ms and decaying phase of similar duration. Their rising phase was relatively smooth and summed events were succeeded by an undershoot. Presynaptic bursts could cause a post-synaptic neurone to discharge.
Computation of coronary perfusion territories from CT angiography (2007)

The assessment of myocardial viability in the left ventricle (LV) of patients with coronary artery disease is essential for determining prognosis and planning appropriate therapy. Typically, population-based models are used to associate regions containing non-viable (dead) myocardial tissue with a particular coronary artery. We propose a technique to automatically generate patient specific coronary distribution maps based on noninvasive multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT). We associate a region with the closest coronary using geodesic distance measurement over the LV epicardial surface. Projection of the coronary territories onto a flat disk allows our maps to be compared to standard models (i.e., the 17-Segment Model). This technique was applied to seven cases and an experienced cardiac radiologist examined the results for validation. Additionally, we register the patient-specific coronary territory maps with myocardial viability maps derived from noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Cortical organization of language (1991)

Recent data obtained by various methods of clinical investigations suggest an organization of language in the human brain involving compartmentalization into separate systems subserving different language functions. Each system includes multiple essential areas localized in the frontal and temporoparietal cortex of the dominant hemisphere, as well as widely dispersed neurons. All components of a system are activated in parallel, possibly by ascending thalamocortical circuits. The features peculiar to cerebral language organization include not only the lateralization of essential areas to one hemisphere, but also a substantial variance in the individual patterns of localization within that hemisphere, a variance that in part relates to individual differences in verbal skills.
Oxygen-implanted double-heterojunction GaAs/GaAlAs injection lasers (1975)

We describe a new process for stripe formation in double-heterostructure GaAs/GaAlAs injection lasers. This process, which uses oxygen-ion implantation to form the stripe through a chemical doping effect, has several advantages over alternative methods, both with respect to device processing and device properties and has produced high yields of CW room-temperature lasers. We present the details of the device structure and fabrication processes. The results of annealing studies, optical measurements, and lifetesting are described.
A Fast Optical Wavelength Detection Method Using Arrayed-Waveguide Grating (2010)

A new method of wavelength detection that employ an arrayed waveguide grating(AWG) is proposed,and its operating features are investigated in details.Wavelength detection can be easily achieved by using traditional means of detecting light intensity of AWG's output by this method.An explicit formula based on the Gaussian approximation is given and used to model the characteristics of this method.The results show that the wavelength signal to be detected can be linearly described by the logarithm of adjacent channels' power ratio.The wavelength detection sensitivity can be improved by decreasing channel spacing or the full-width at half maximums(FWHM) bandwidths of AWG's channels.This method is not sensitive to the insertion loss ripple of AWG.The detection accuracy of±0.005 nm can be obtained by controlling the working temperature of AWG at the accuracy of±0.1℃theoretically.
Sub-20nm logic lithography optimization with simple OPC and multiple pitch division (2012)

The CMOS logic 22nm node is being done with single patterning and a highly regular layout style using Gridded Design Rules (GDR). Smaller nodes will require the same regular layout style but with multiple patterning for critical layers. A line/cut approach is being used to achieve good pattern fidelity and process margin, with extendibility to ~7nm.[1] Design-Source-Mask Optimization (DSMO) has been demonstrated to be effective at the 20nm node.[2] The transition from single- to double- and in some cases triple- patterning was evaluated for different layout styles, with highly regular layouts delaying the need for multiple-patterning compared to complex layouts. To address mask complexity and cost, OPC for the "cut" patterns was studied and relatively simple OPC was found to provide good quality metrics such as MEEF and DOF.[3,4,5] This is significant since mask data volumes of >500GB per layer are projected for pixelated masks created by complex OPC or inverse lithography; writing times for such masks are nearly prohibitive. In this study, we extend the scaling using simplified OPC beyond 20nm in small steps, eventually reaching the 16nm node. The same "cut" pattern is used for each set of simulations, with "x" and "y" locations for the cuts scaled for each step. The test block is a reasonably complex logic function with ~100k gates of combinatorial logic and flip-flops. Experimental demonstration of the cut approach using simplified OPC and conventional illuminators will be presented with comparison to the complex OPC result. MEEF can be measured experimentally. Lines were patterned with 193nm immersion with no complex OPC. The final dimensions were achieved by applying pitch division twice.[6] Using the conditions optimized for the logic block, an SRAM block simulation and experimental results will also be presented.
Measurement System of 3-D Motion Using a Pair of Position Sensing Detector Cameras (1983)

A microcomputer based measurement system of 3-D motion has been devised using a pair of position sensing detector (PSD) cameras, which monitors movements of LEDs attached to various places on a moving object. The system employs a novel method for determinations of camera parameters (position and orientation of each camera relative to the objective space) by displaying an LED moving along three lines of known orientations in the space in advance to measurements, which effects to exclude measurement errors due to inaccurate presetting of each camera at a specified position. It also enables to set cameras on any appropriate places so that they can monitor whole movements of LEDs without being hidden by other part of moving object. Resultant determination error of orientation of camera axis proved less than one third of a degree.Other various techniques are employed to improve measurement accuracy and to reduce noise, including real time correction of spatial distortion of position outputs of the PSD cameras. Average measurement error and minimum detectable displacement (noise) proved less than 0.5mm over central cubic region (with 40cm edges) and less than 1.0mm over peripheral region (inside a cube with 60cm edges excluding the central region) with an inter axes angle of 60° between cameras and with a distance of 2m between an origine of the space and each camera. Time for measuring a point and calculating its position are 3.5msec and 230msec, respectively.
Handling azimuth variations in multi‐streamer marine surveys (2000)

Next No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000Handling azimuth variations in multi‐streamer marine surveysAuthors: Nizar CheminguiAnatoly I. BaumsteinNizar CheminguiExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, P.O. Box 2189, Houston TX 77252‐2189 and Anatoly I. BaumsteinExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, P.O. Box 2189, Houston TX 77252‐2189https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1815831 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1815831FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByDip‐dependent corrections for data reconstruction in true‐azimuth 3D SRMEPeter Aaron, Roald van Borselen, Rob Hegge, and Simon Barnes21 October 2010Data regularization for 3D SRME: A comparison of methodsPeter Aaron, Simon Barnes, Michel Schonewille, and Roald van Borselen14 September 2007Fourier reconstruction of marine-streamer data in four spatial coordinatesP. Zwartjes and A. Gisolf31 October 2006 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 71, No. 6Azimuth moveout — a promising application for pre‐stack dataSatinder Chopra7 December 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2000 Pages: 2484 publication data© 2000 Copyright © 2000 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Nizar Chemingui and Anatoly I. Baumstein, (2000), "Handling azimuth variations in multi‐streamer marine surveys," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1815831 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
An Automated Approach to Process Optimisation, Parameter Setting, and Robustness Testing (2001)

The design, development, and application of a robotic platform are described for use in organic synthesis. Two novel plant reactor mimics and peripheral modules have been designed and integrated with a Zymark XP Track Robot allowing a wide scope of chemistries. Throughput limitations of two reactors were resolved by incorporating automated self-draining/self-cleaning modules into the system to allow continuous operation. Control software was written in-house, allowing simple, high-quality, and reproducible control. The application of this instrument to process optimisation coupled with statistical experimental design (DOE) and parameter setting is illustrated with two examples.
Nanorobot Communication Techniques: A Comprehensive Tutorial (2006)

This work presents chemical communication techniques for nanorobots foraging in fluid environments relevant for medical applications. Unlike larger robots, viscous forces and rapid diffusion dominate their behaviors. Examples range from modified microorganisms to nanorobots using ongoing developments in molecular computation, sensors and motors. The nanorobots use an innovative methodology to achieve decentralized control for a distributed collective action in the combat of cancer. A communication approach is described in the context of recognize a single tumor cell in a small venule as a target for medical treatment. Thus, a higher gradient of signal intensity of E-cadherin is used as chemical parameter identification in guiding nanorobots to identify malignant tissues. A nanorobot can effectively use chemical communication to improve intervention time to identify tumor cells
Ligand-Controlled Divergent Cross-Coupling Involving Organosilicon Compounds for Thioether and Thioester Synthesis (2016)

A divergent cross-coupling for both thioether and thioester construction from organosilicon compounds has been developed. Predominant selectivity for Hiyama-type coupling and C1 insertion reaction was achieved under the guidance of ligands. Thioether was obtained under ligand-free conditions in which disulfide generated from homocoupling could be prevented. Meanwhile, application of bidentate phosphine ligands under carbon monoxide atmosphere (CO balloon) afforded the thioester with little decomposition, which was revealed through interval NMR tracking.
An association between a BclI restriction fragment length polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor locus and hyperinsulinaemia in obese women (1992)

Obesity is likely to be a multifactorial disease with an important genetic component. Animal models of genetic and experimentally induced obesity suggest that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity plays a role in the aetiology and maintenance of the obese state. Glucocorticoid activity appears to be essential for the development of hyperinsulinaemia and subsequent fat deposition. In humans, glucocorticoid excess is associated with central fat distribution. We have therefore investigated the restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the human GR gene locus (GRL) and have sought associations of specific alleles with anthropometric measurements and indices of insulin secretion and resistance in obesity. Fifty-six extremely obese, unrelated, nondiabetic premenopausal British Caucasian females and 43 age-matched, normal weight controls were studied. The obese subjects were characterized by fat distribution (waist to hip ratio), insulin secretion and insulin resistance (fasting insulin (FI)), an index of insulin resistance (HOMA), stimulated insulin secretion during an oral glucose tolerance test and insulin-mediated glucose disposal, steady-state plasma glucose). A Bc1I polymorphism (fragments of 4.5 and 2.3 kb) demonstrated significant association with indices of glucose metabolism in obesity; those subjects homozygous for the 4.5 kb fragment had elevated FI (Pc = 0.012) and HOMA (Pc = 0.012) values. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of the GRL Bc1I polymorphism were otherwise similar in obese and normal weight subjects. We postulate that the GRL Bc1I polymorphism may directly affect GR gene expression, or be in linkage disequilibrium with a possible mutation within one of three exons of the GR gene, and thereby modulate GR transcriptional activity on target genes involved in glucose and insulin homeostasis.