gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glut-1 and hexokinase expression: relationship with 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in A431 and T47D cells in culture. (1999)

Uptake of 2-[18F]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) has been used as a marker of increased glucose metabolism to visualize, stage, and monitor progression of human cancers with positron emission tomography. Many human tumors have been shown to overexpress the Glut-1 glucose transport protein. The aim of this study is to define whether a quantitative relationship exists between the amount of Glut-1 expressed by cells and their ability to accumulate FDG. We characterized the expression of the known facilitative and sodium-dependent glucose transporter isoforms in six different cancer cell lines used in our laboratory (A431, MDA-MB-231, T47D, CaCo II, MCF7, and HepG2). A431 and T47D cells express, respectively, the highest and lowest amount of Glut-1 mRNA by Northern blot of all of the cells analyzed, and no other glucose transporter isoforms were detectable by this method in both cell lines. Both total and plasma membrane-associated Glut-1 protein levels were higher in A431 than in T47D cells, consistent with the higher Glut-1 mRNA levels. However, T47D cells accumulate FDG more rapidly than do A431 cells. 3-O-Methylglucose transport is higher in A431 cells. Although hexokinase I and II mRNA levels are higher in A431 cells than in T47D cells, the ability of mitochondrial preparations to phosphorylate FDG is higher in T47D cells. Our data indicate that in these cultured cells, FDG uptake correlates better with FDG phosphorylating activity of mitochondrial preparations rather than the level of expression of the Glut-1 or hexokinase I and II genes.
Linear- rubbing Manipulation (2003)

Linear-rubbing is a characteristic technique in the academic school of internal exercise massage in Shanghai. It was known as 'flat pushing method' in the past times. The academic school of internal exercise Tuina finds, in the clinical practice of flat pushing, that if the internal exercise accumuhtes in the palm and one-way movement is replaced by two-way movement, the kinetic energy may be transformed into heat energy, bringing about a new unique manipulating technique, which is rather different from the usual flat pushing no longer and now called linear-rubbing therapy.
Non-Alcoholic Perfumes (2005)

Abstract Many floral waters where prepared in Tunisia by hydrodistillation of aromatic plants, geranium, rose, jasmine. 0The volatile components of these hydrolats have been extracted by several techniques (Headspace, solvent extraction) and analyzed by CG/MS. The chromatographic profiles obtained reflect the traditional usage perpetrated by the artisans.
Effects of Gravity and Magnetic Field on Production of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Arc-Discharge Method (2011)

Since the breakthrough enabling the mass production of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) (Iijima 1993), many researchers in institutes and companies around the world have been developing efficient production methods for SWNTs Various applications of this new and stable carbon nanomaterial with unique properties have been proposed (Jorio et al., 2008). However, insufficient control of the production of SWNTs is a major problem in developing applications of SWNTs. The mass production of long highquality, defect-free SWNTs such as those with a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 1 nm is a major research target. Quality control in the production of SWNTs in terms of their diameter, chirality and defect density is also an important research target. Through the development of SWNTs, it is hoped that they can be used in strong and lightweight carbon wires and lightweight but strong composite bodies for many types of vehicles. Therefore, a basic study on the production process of SWNTs is very important for establishing new methods of producing high-quality SWNTs. In this study, the production of SWNTs by the arc discharge method is investigated. This is one of most popular methods of producing SWNTs, and it is essential to carry out the reaction in a hot helium gas atmosphere. As the reaction is strongly affected by gravity (heat convection) The process was examined under zero gravity, normal gravity and high gravity. As there are large differences among them, the authors discusses experimental results in comparison with reaction models and fluid simulation results. An investigation of the effect of applied magnetic field on inducing the JxB force in the arc plasma is also reported, and the effect of such a field on the production of SWNTs is clarified. The effect of zero gravity was first examined using a vertical swing tower (VST), that repeatedly produces 1.1 s of zero gravity. Then, a series of parabolic-flight experiments were carried out with the support of Japan Space Forum, in which 10-20 periods of 20 s of zero gravity were obtained per flight. The results were compared with those of the laboratory experiment. A higher-gravity experiment was carried out using a rotating acceleration generator, which produces gravity of 1-3 g 0 (g 0 : normal gravitational acceleration). The produced SWNTs were measured by TEM, Raman spectrometry and other methods.
Compositional Studies Related to Sputtered Cd‐Si‐As Films (1981)

Thin films containing Cd, Si, and As were rf sputtered from a target and composite targets. The compositions of the films were found to be a function of the sputtering power, substrate temperature, post‐deposition heat‐treatment in a Cd and atmosphere, and in the case of the composite targets, the area ratio. These results are related to differences in sputtering yield and the different resputtering tendencies of the elements. The films were amorphous as deposited, but became polycrystalline with the chalcopyrite structure during the postdeposition heat‐treatments.
Automated Solid‐Phase Synthesis of a β‐(1,3)‐Glucan Dodecasaccharide (2013)

β-Glucans are a group of structurally heterogeneous polysaccharides found in bacteria, fungi, algae and plants. β-(1,3)-D-Glucans have been studied in most detail due to their impact on the immune system of vertebrates. The studies into the immunomodulatory properties of these glucans are typically carried out with isolates that contain a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharides of different chain lengths and varying degrees of branching. In order to determine the structure-activity relationship of β-(1,3)-glucans, access to homogeneous, structurally-defined samples of these oligosaccharides that are only available through chemical synthesis is required. The syntheses of β-glucans reported to date rely on the classical solution-phase approach. We describe the first automated solid-phase synthesis of a β-glucan oligosaccharide that was made possible by innovating and optimizing the linker and glycosylating agent combination. A β-(1,3)-glucan dodecasaccharide was assembled in 56 h in a stereoselective fashion with an average yield of 88% per step. This automated approach provides means for the fast and efficient assembly of linker-functionalized mono- to dodecasaccharide β-(1,3)-glucans required for biological studies.
<i>asense</i> is a <i>Drosophila</i> neural precursor gene and is capable of initiating sense organ formation (1993)

ABSTRACT Neural precursor cells in Drosophila arise from the ectoderm in the embryo and from imaginal disc epithelia in the larva. In both cases, this process requires daugh - terless and the proneural genes achaete, scute and lethal-of-scute of the achaete-scute complex. These genes encode basic helix-loop-helix proteins, which are nuclear transcription factors, as does the asense gene of the achaete-scute complex. Our studies suggest that asense is a neural precursor gene, rather than a proneural gene. Unlike the proneural achaete-scute gene products, the asense RNA and protein are found in the neural precursor during its formation, but not in the proneural cluster of cells that gives rise to the neural precursor cell. Also, asense expression persists longer during neural precursor development than the proneural gene products; it is still expressed after the first division of the neural precursor. Moreover, asense is likely to be down-stream of the proneural genes, because (1) asense expression is affected in proneural and neurogenic mutant backgrounds, (2) ectopic expression of asense protein with an intact DNA-binding domain bypasses the requirement for achaete and scute in the formation of imaginal sense organs. We further note that asense ectopic expression is capable of initiating the sense organ fate in cells that do not normally require the action of asense. Our studies therefore serve as a cautionary note for the inference of normal gene function based on the gain-of-function phenotype after ectopic expression.
Patient Selection: Assessment and Preparation, Indications and Contraindications (2001)

Patient selection for hypnosis is a relational process in which both the client and clinician bring many variables to the therapeutic table. The hypnotic responsiveness of the client, individual differences and the positive expectancies the client holds, or those which are established with the client, are variables that are reviewed in the assessment and preparation of a client. The author presents a four-phase model to guide patient assessment and selection. These include: 1) an Evaluation phase, in which specific questions are presented to guide the evaluator while establishing rapport; 2) an Educational phase, in which the client is taught about hypnosis; 3) the Assessment of Hypnotizability phase, in which the client's responsiveness to hypnosis is assessed; and 4) the Teaching of Self-hypnosis phase, in which hypnosis is applied to the presenting problem. The author emphasizes the value of hypnosis for a variety of medical and clinical settings.
An initial investigation of spinal mechanisms underlying pain enhancement induced by fractalkine, a neuronally released chemokine (2005)

Fractalkine is a chemokine that is tethered to the extracellular surface of neurons. Fractalkine can be released, forming a diffusible signal. Spinal fractalkine (CX3CL1) is expressed by sensory afferents and intrinsic neurons, whereas its receptor (CX3CR1) is predominantly expressed by microglia. Pain enhancement occurs in response both to intrathecally administered fractalkine and to spinal fractalkine endogenously released by peripheral neuropathy. The present experiments examine whether fractalkine-induced pain enhancement is altered by a microglial inhibitor (minocycline) and/or by antagonists/inhibitors of three putative glial products implicated in pain enhancement: interleukin-1 (IL1), interleukin-6 (IL6) and nitric oxide (NO). In addition, it extends a prior study that demonstrated that intrathecal fractalkine-induced mechanical allodynia is blocked by a neutralizing antibody to the rat fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1. Here, intrathecal anti-CX3CR1 also blocked fractalkine-induced thermal hyperalgesia. Furthermore, blockade of microglial activation with minocycline prevented both fractalkine-induced mechanical allodynia (von Frey test) and thermal hyperalgesia (Hargreaves test). Microglial activation appears to lead to the release of IL1, given that pretreatment with IL1 receptor antagonist blocked both fractalkine-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. IL1 is not the only proinflammatory cytokine implicated, as a neutralizing antibody to rat IL6 also blocked fractalkine-induced pain facilitation. Lastly, NO appears to be importantly involved, as l-NAME, a broad-spectrum NO synthase inhibitor, also blocked fractalkine-induced effects. Taken together, these data support that neuronally released fractalkine enhances pain via activation of spinal cord glia. Thus, fractalkine may be a neuron-to-glia signal triggering pain facilitation.
Demonstrating the Humanoid Robot HERMES at an Exhibition: A Long-Term Dependability Test (2002)

HERMES, a laboratory prototype of a humanoid service robot, served in a museum, far away from its home laboratory, for more than six months up to 18 hours per day. During this period the robot and its skills were regularly demonstrated to the public by non-expert presenters. Also, HERMES interacted with the visitors, chatted with them in English, French and German, answered questions and performed services as requested by them. Only three major failures occurred during the 6-months-period, all of them caused by failures of commercially available modules that could easily be replaced. Key to this success was the dependability that had been designed into HERMES. We introduce the concept of dependability and describe the design strategies that have led to a high degree of dependability of our robot. To be accepted by society and to be entrusted with important or even critical services, future service robots must be similarly dependable as todays cars or telephones. We argue that true dependability of complex intelligent robots can only be achieved by actually building and integrating prototypes and subjecting them to long-term tests with outsiders and away from their home laboratories. In fact, by demonstrating HERMES in the museum, at trade fairs and in TV studios we have learned valuable lessons, especially regarding the interaction of a complex service robot with unknown humans.
Comparative efficacy of AHU-377, a potent neprilysin inhibitor, in two rat models of volume-dependent hypertension (2011)

Figure 1 Comparison of peak fall in MAP (relative to baseline; A) and 12 hour vehicle adjusted AUC
Concentration dependences of the properties of multicomponent PZT-based piezoelectric ceramics in the morphotropic transition range (2005)

The following three ternary PZT-based systems are studied in detail: 0.98Pb(TixZr1−x )O3-0.02Pb(Nb1/2Bi1/2)O3, 0.98(Pb0.9727Sr0.0273)(TixZr1−x )O3-0.02Pb(Nb1/2Bi1/2)O3 + 1 wt% PbO, and 0.98(Pb0.9727Sr0.0273)(TixZr1−x )O3-0.02Pb(Nb1/2Bi1/2)O3 + 2 wt % PbGeO3, where 0.45 ≤ x ≤ 0.49 and the concentration step is Δx = 0.025. A number of concepts are formulated regarding the phase diagrams of PZT-type systems near the morphotropic transition. A scheme for real tetragonal-rhombohedral transformation is given. The maxima of the electrophysical characteristics of the solid solutions from the morphotropic range are shown to be caused mainly by an appearing intermediate phase. Analysis of the insulating, piezoelectric, and mechanical properties of the samples demonstrates that there is a group of solid solutions that are promising materials for high-temperature piezoelectric devices operating in the medium-frequency band.
Mesoporous Nickel/Nickel Oxidea Nanoarchitectured Electrode (2002)

Metallic nickel was electrodeposited from aqueous nickel(II) acetate dissolved in the lyotropic liquid crystalline phases of Brij 56 and Brij 78 surfactant templates to form metal films with hexagonal arrays of nanometer-sized channels. The applicability of these materials as inexpensive, large area and low-resistance current collectors was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry. The redox charge capacity of the surface oxide in aqueous KOH was enhanced by 2 orders of magnitude over that of a nontemplated sample with no detectable impedance of the reaction rate.
Current and New Strategies for the Delivery of Antiseptic Agents (2006)

The present mini-review explores the current methods used for the delivery of antiseptics and topical antimicrobials. Relevance of hand scrub with antiseptic liquid soap (e.g. chlorhexidine, PVP-iodine, triclosan) and alcohol-based hand rub is discussed and compared in terms of bactericidal activity, skin tolerance, and medical staff observance. New strategies for antibacterial delivery focus on the challenge of colloidal drug carrier such as liposomes, micro- and nanoparticles enabling sustained bactericidal effect and effective bacterial targeting.
Transports of ionic liquids in ionic polymer conductor network composite actuators (2010)

We investigate the influence of ionic liquids on the electromechanical performance of Ionic Polymer Conductor Network Composite (IPCNC) bending actuators. Two imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) with one cation, which is 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium ([EMI+]), and two different anions, which are tetrafluoroborate ([BF4-]) and trifluoromethanesulfonate ([Tf-]), are chosen for the study. By combining the time domain electric and electromechanical responses, we developed a new model that describes the ion transports in IPCNC actuators. The time constant of excess cation and anion migration in various composite electrodes are deduced: 6s and 25s in RuO2/Nafion; 7.9s and 36.3s in RuO2/Aquivion; 4.8s and 53s in Au/PAH, respectively. NMR is also applied to provide quantitative measures of self-diffusion coefficients independently for IL anions and cations both in pure ILs and in ILs absorved into ionomers. All the results indicate that the motion of cation, in the studied pure ionic liquids, polymer matrix and conductor network composites, is faster than that of anion. Moreover, the CNC morphology is playing a crucial role in determining the ion transport in the porous electrodes.
Influence of Water on Protein Structure. An Analysis of the Preferences of Amino Acid Residues for the Inside or Outside and for Specific Conformations in a Protein Molecule (1978)

The x-ray structures of 20 proteins have been examined and each of the residues in these proteins was assigned to the inside or outside of the molecules and to a conformational state. The data obtained confirm that polar groups are generally found on the outside of proteins and nonpolar residues are generally found on the inside. Seven of the amino acids (Ala, Arg, Cys, His, Pro, Ser, Tyr) have inside/outside preferences which are not consistent with their usual assignment as either polar or nonpolar residues; explanations are given for these apparent inconsistencies. Of the three types of backbone structure considered here (extended, alpha helix, and nonregular), extended structures have the greatest preference for the inside of proteins, and nonregular structures have the greatest preference for the outside. It is suggested that differences in entropy play an important part in the inside/outside preferences of backbone structures. There are generally significant changes in the conformational preferences of the residues in going from the inside to the outside of proteins; environmental (rather than local) solute-solvent interactions seem to be the predominant cause of these changes in conformational preferences.
Regulation of B cell activation by prostaglandins: cell cycle-specific effects on activation by anti-immunoglobulin and 8-mercaptoguanosine. (1986)

The current studies were undertaken to explore the regulatory effects of macrophages and their soluble products on B cell activation in defined medium by surface membrane-directed mitogens (anti-Ig, LPS) and by intracellular mitogens (8-mercaptoguanosine, [8MGuo]). Supplementation of macrophage-depleted B cell cultures with adherent cells enhanced the response to anti-Ig but depressed the response to 8MGuo. These changes could be eliminated by adding indomethacin to B cell cultures containing supplemental macrophages. Moreover, they could be reproduced by adding exogenous prostaglandins (PGE1, PGE2) but not other macrophage products to cultured B cells. Prostaglandins regulate B cell function (i.e., immunoglobulin secretion) in the same manner as they do mitogenesis. Thus, the polyclonal response to LPS is enhanced, whereas that to 8MGuo is inhibited. We showed previously that anti-Ig acts on a B cell subpopulation distinct from that stimulated by 8MGuo. Moreover, when addition of prostaglandin is delayed for more than 24 hr, the effect on the anti-Ig response changes from enhancement to inhibition and the effect on 8MGuo is lost, suggesting that in the course of activation the cell progresses through a series of cell cycle-specific regulatory states. Additionally, the mitogenic effects of 8MGuo appear to involve larger, cycling cells more than smaller cells. In concert, these data suggest a model for regulation of the B cell cycle in which prostaglandins, whose secretion is elicited by many surface-directed B cell stimuli, enhance the entry of cells into the cell cycle and subsequently regulate their passage through the cycle.
On the wobble GoU and related pairs (2000)

The wobble GoU pairs have been implicated in several biological processes where RNA molecules play a key role. We review the geometrical and conformational properties of wobble GoU pairs on the basis of available crystal structures of RNAs at high resolution. The similarities with the wobble A+oC pairs and UoU pairs are illustrated, while the differences with the recently discovered bifurcated G x U pairs are contrasted.
Overexpression of DR-nm23, a protein encoded by a member of the nm23 gene family, inhibits granulocyte differentiation and induces apoptosis in 32Dc13 myeloid cells. (1995)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia evolves in two clinically distinct stages: a chronic and a blast crisis phase. The molecular changes associated with chronic phase to blast crisis transition are largely unknown. We have identified a cDNA clone, DR-nm23, differentially expressed in a blast-crisis cDNA library, which has approximately 70% sequence similarity to the putative metastatic suppressor genes, nm23-H1 and nm23-H2. The deduced amino acid sequence similarity to the proteins encoded by these two latter genes is approximately 65% and includes domains and amino acid residues (the leucine zipper-like and the RGD domain, a serine and a histidine residue in the NH2- and in the COOH-terminal portion of the protein, respectively) postulated to be important for nm23 function. DR-nm23 mRNA is preferentially expressed at early stages of myeloid differentiation of highly purified CD34+ cells. Its constitutive expression in the myeloid precursor 32Dc13 cell line, which is growth-factor dependent for both proliferation and differentiation, results in inhibition of granulocytic differentiation induced by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and causes apoptotic cell death. These results are consistent with a role for DR-nm23 in normal hematopoiesis and raise the possibility that its overexpression contributes to differentiation arrest, a feature of blastic transformation in chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Thromboelastography: a tool for measuring hypercoagulability, hypocoagulability, and fibrinolysis (2005)

Abstract Objective: To describe the technique of thromboelastography (TEG) and review the applications of this coagulation test in humans and small animals. Data sources: Data sources included scientific reviews and original research publications. Human data synthesis: TEG in humans has been used for documentation of hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable states and has been shown to be beneficial in patient management. Veterinary data synthesis: Clinical evaluation of TEG in veterinary medicine is limited; however, recent reports have documented evidence of hypercoagulability in dogs with parvovirus and protein‐losing nephropathy. Additionally, many of the research models may be relevant to veterinary patients. Conclusions: TEG provides information about coagulation that is not available through routine coagulation tests. The application of TEG monitoring to veterinary patients shows promise; however, prospective clinical studies are needed.