gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ozone decomposition in water studied by pulse radiolysis. 2. OH and HO/sub 4/ as chain intermediates (1984)

Ozone decomposition in pure water involves a chain mechanism, initiated by the reaction OH/sup -/+O/sub 3/ and propogated by O/sub 2//sup -/ and OH. In the present studies this chain is initiated by pulse radiolysis of aqueous solutions of ozone. The chain propogation steps were studied in two parts. By computer simulation of the rate curves, it is shown that from OH + O/sub 3/ and intermediate HO/sub 4/ must be formed, most likely a charge-transfer complex (HO.O/sub 3/), which eventually decays into HO/sub 2/. The derived rate constants for the formation of the various species are included. The spectrum of HO/sub 4/ is derived. It is similar to the one of ozone, but the absorption coefficients are about 50% larger. In the presence of high ozone concentration, the dominant chain termination reactions are HO/sub 4/ + HO/sub 4/ and HO/sub 4/ + HO/sub 3/. The effect on chain length, dose, overall rate, and pH and of added scavengers is described. The implications for the natural ozone decay mechanism are discussed.
Pizza into Java (1997)

Pizza is a strict superset of Java that incorporates three ideas from the academic community: parametric polymorphism, higher-order functions, and algebraic data types. Pizza is defined by translation into Java and compiles into the Java Virtual Machine, requirements which strongly constrain the design space. Nonetheless, Pizza fits smoothly to Java, with only a few rough edges.
Prevention of peritoneal adhesion formation by fibrin sealant. An experimental study in rats. (1984)

The preventive effect of rat and human fibrin sealing on intra-abdominal adhesion formation was investigated in 40 rats. Intraperitoneal adhesion formation was induced by excision of 1 X 3 cm of the peritoneal parietalmuscular layer, subsequently closed by interrupted 3-0 silk sutures. A total of 80 defects were allocated to one of four treatments: 1) the defect was covered with human fibrin sealant with the aid of a syringe. 2) the defect was covered with rat fibrin sealant with the aid of a syringe. 3) the defect was covered with human fibrin sealant with the aid of a spray. 4) the defect was not covered (control group). Assessment of the adhesion formation one week postoperatively showed that the median length of adhesions in defects covered with fibrin sealant applied by a syringe (10.5 mm) or by spray (14 mm) was less than that of the control group (25 mm) to a significantly high degree (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that fibrin sealant prevents intraperitoneal adhesion formation in the present rat model.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: recent developments (2017)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare prion disorder that has been the subject of both professional and public interest following the identification of variant CJD as a zoonotic disorder. There have been recent advances in diagnostic techniques, including real-time quaking-induced conversion and magnetic resonance imaging brain scan, that have allowed more accurate case recognition in all forms of CJD. Although the epidemic of variant CJD is clearly in decline, prevalence studies suggest that it may be premature to be complacent about concerns for public health.
Ray tracing for intraocular lens calculation (2002)

Calculations in Gaussian optics should be replaced by state-of-the-art numerical methods, which can be run on any standard personal computer.
Precision pulse capsulotomy: Initial clinical experience in simple and challenging cataract surgery cases (2017)

Precision pulse capsulotomy had a short learning curve and was integrated seamlessly into the surgical routine. The combination of suction with ultrafast capsulotomy provided capsulotomy roundness, sizing, safety, and edge quality that significantly facilitated difficult cases. The ease of use, consistency, and efficiency of PPC capsulotomy might support its use under many practice scenarios.
Feasibility of Safety Applications Based on Intra-Car Wireless Sensor Networks: A Case Study (2011)

Nowadays, there are more than 150 sensors inside a car which are connected via wires to the Electronic Control Units (ECUs). The increase in the number of sensors put into a car adds significant weight to the car and makes the wiring system more complex. Intra-car Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is therefore a promising solution for automobile industry in the near future as it eliminates the amount of wiring harness and simplifies the wiring structure. The reduction in the weight of a car leads in a more efficient engine performance, better fuel economy, and reliability. In addition to the direct benefits, the Intra-car WSNs can be used for other applications. An example shown in this paper is a BLind spot Information System (BLIS). The Intra-car WSN-based BLIS is evaluated via real experiments on vehicles. The results show a comparable or even higher detection rate with other BLISs (i.e., based on cameras and radars). The main benefit of Intra- car WSNs-based BLIS is cost; the proposed system does not require additional hardware components (e.g., cameras or radars).
The novel Akt inhibitor Palomid 529 (P529) enhances the effect of radiotherapy in prostate cancer (2009)

Radiotherapy (RT) is a common treatment for localised prostate cancer, but can cause important side effects. The therapeutic efficacy of RT can be enhanced by pharmacological compounds that target specific pathways involved in cell survival. This would elicit a similar therapeutic response using lower doses of RT and, in turn, reducing side effects. This study describes the antitumour activity of the novel Akt inhibitor 8-(1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-2-methoxy-3-(4-methoxy-benzyloxy)-benzo[c]chromen-6-one (Palomid 529 or P529) as well as its ability to decrease radiation-activated phospho-Akt (p-Akt) signalling in a prostate cancer model. P529 showed a potent antiproliferative activity in the NCI-60 cell lines panel, with growth inhibitory 50 (GI50) <35 microM. In addition, P529 significantly enhanced the antiproliferative effect of radiation in prostate cancer cells (PC-3). Analysis of signalling pathways targeted by P529 exhibited a decrease in p-Akt, VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9, and Id-1 levels after radiation treatment. Moreover, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was also reduced. Treatment of PC-3 tumour-bearing mice with 20 mg kg(-1) P529 or 6 Gy radiation dose decreased tumour size by 42.9 and 53%, respectively. Combination of both treatments resulted in 77.4% tumour shrinkage. Decreased tumour growth was due to reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis (as assessed by PCNA and caspase-3 immunostaining). Our results show the antitumour efficacy of P529 alone, and as a radiosensitiser, and suggest that this compound could be used in the future to treat human prostate cancer.
Toward Immunotherapy With Redirected T Cells in a Large Animal Model (2014)

Adoptive transfer of T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has shown promising antitumor activity in early phase clinical studies, especially for hematological malignancies. However, most preclinical models do not reliably mimic human disease. We reasoned that developing an adoptive T-cell therapy approach for spontaneous osteosarcoma (OS) occurring in dogs would more closely reproduce the condition in human cancer. To generate CAR-expressing canine T cells, we developed expansion and transduction protocols that allow for the generation of sufficient numbers of CAR-expressing canine T cells for future clinical studies in dogs within 2 weeks of ex vivo culture. To evaluate the functionality of CAR-expressing canine T cells, we targeted HER2(+) OS. We demonstrate that canine OS is positive for HER2, and that canine T cells expressing a HER2-specific CAR with human-derived transmembrane and CD28.ζ signaling domains recognize and kill HER2(+) canine OS cell lines in an antigen-dependent manner. To reduce the potential immunogenicity of the CAR, we evaluated a CAR with canine-derived transmembrane and signaling domains, and found no functional difference between human and canine CARs. Hence, we have successfully developed a strategy to generate CAR-expressing canine T cells for future preclinical studies in dogs. Testing T-cell therapies in an immunocompetent, outbred animal model may improve our ability to predict their safety and efficacy before conducting studies in humans.
Crystallographic structure and composition of vanadium nitride films deposited by direct sputtering of a compound target (2004)

Vanadium nitride thin films (VN) were sputter-deposited on silicon substrates in an argon gas atmosphere with a VN compound target. Nearly stiochiometric cubic VN films with different crystallographic orientations were achieved at ambient substrate temperature. The crystallographic structure of the film could be controlled through adjusting working argon pressure. Films with preferred (100) and (111) orientations were obtained at pressures of 0.5 and 2.0 Pa, respectively, regardless of the sputtering power; while amorphous film may form at a middle pressure of 1.0 Pa. Composition of the resultant films was analyzed by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. It was revealed that nitrogen deficiency was responsible for the amorphous state. The electronic states related to nitrogen vacancy were disclosed by valence band spectrum. The film compositional variation was discussed in the text.
Digital phase-locked loop circuit for driving resonant sensors (2010)

Resonant mechanical sensors are powerful tools for measuring, e.g., physical properties of fluids. Suitable systems for real-time monitoring of a sensor’s resonance behavior are, e.g., oscillator circuits and phase-locked-loop circuits. In this contribution, we present a novel specific digital phase-locked-loop circuit with the ability to determine damping, as well as resonance frequency, and providing automatic compensation of spurious parallel capacitances of the sensor. Instead of a phase-frequency detector, the system measures phase and amplitude of the sensor signal with a 16-bit ADC and uses this information to control a numerically-controlled oscillator. Due to the used 4-channel digital synthesizer, the sensor can be excited with up to three frequencies at the same time facilitating enhanced performance in terms of simultaneous measurement of higher order resonances and compensation of spurious capacitances.
Bis(silylenyl)‐ and Bis(germylenyl)‐Substituted Ferrocenes: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Applications of Bidentate Silicon(II)–Cobalt Complexes (2012)

Starker Biss: Die SiII- bzw. GeII-Zentren in den Ferrocen-haltigen Bis(silylen)- und Bis(germylen)-Liganden 1 können als exzellente σ-Donoren dienen, wie anhand der Bildung der Co-Komplexe 2 gezeigt wird (siehe Schema). Jedoch kann nur der Bis(silylen)-Co-Komplex 2 als Präkatalysator für die [2+2+2]-Cycloaddition von Phenylacetylen und MeCN fungieren, vermutlich aufgrund der stärkeren Koordination des GeII-Zentrums an Co.
Over‐expression of HSP70 attenuates caspase‐dependent and caspase‐independent pathways and inhibits neuronal apoptosis (2012)

HSP70 is a member of the family of heat-shock proteins that are known to be up-regulated in neurons following injury and/or stress. HSP70 over-expression has been linked to neuroprotection in multiple models, including neurodegenerative disorders. In contrast, less is known about the neuroprotective effects of HSP70 in neuronal apoptosis and with regard to modulation of programmed cell death (PCD) mechanisms in neurons. We examined the effects of HSP70 over-expression by transfection with HSP70-expression plasmids in primary cortical neurons and the SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line using four independent models of apoptosis: etoposide, staurosporine, C2-ceramide, and β-Amyloid. In these apoptotic models, neurons transfected with the HSP70 construct showed significantly reduced induction of nuclear apoptotic markers and/or cell death. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HSP70 binds and potentially inactivates Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1, as well as apoptosis-inducing factor, key molecules involved in development of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent PCD, respectively. Markers of caspase-dependent PCD, including active caspase-3, caspase-9, and cleaved PARP were attenuated in neurons over-expressing HSP70. These data indicate that HSP70 protects against neuronal apoptosis and suggest that these effects reflect, at least in part, to inhibition of both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent PCD pathways.
Identification of a novel gene family that includes the interferon-inducible human genes 6–16 and ISG12 (2004)

Members of the eukaryotic ISG12 gene family encode a small hydrophobic protein with at least one copy of a newly defined motif of approximately 80 amino-acids (the ISG12 motif). In higher eukaryotes, many of the genes have acquired a responsiveness to type I IFN during evolution suggesting that a role in resisting cellular or environmental stress may be a unifying property of all family members. Analysis of gene-function in higher eukaryotes is complicated by the possibility of functional redundancy between family-members. Genetic studies in organisms (e.g. Dictyostelium discoideum) with just one family member so far identified may be particularly helpful in this respect.
Polyurethane Nanocomposites Containing Laminated Anisotropic Nanoparticles Derived from Organophilic Layered Silicates (1999)

Intercalation and supramolecular assembly of layered inorganic compounds represents an attractive route to polyurethane nanocomposites (see Figure for a schematic representation). The authors used a layered silicate, synthetic fluoromica, as the inorganic compound in this study. The nanocomposites are reinforced by means of anisotropic laminated nanoparticles consisting of inorganic layers bonded together with polyurethane.
<b>Analysis of alternative transcripts of the flax</b><i><b>L6</b></i><b>rust resistance gene</b> (1999)

The L6 rust resistance gene from flax generates at least four transcript classes by alternative splicing of the third intron. The most abundant transcript class encodes a resistance protein containing domains that include nucleotide binding site motifs and a leucine-rich repeat region (NBS-LRR). The remaining three transcript classes encode truncated products which lack most of the C-terminal part of the protein containing the leucine-rich region (LRR). The four transcript classes occur in all plant organs examined and no induction of L6 expression was observed following infection of resistant plants with an avirulent rust strain expressing the corresponding A-L6 avirulence gene. Flax plants transgenic for an intronless L6 gene, incapable of encoding truncated resistance proteins by alternative splicing, expressed L6 resistance indistinguishable from that of the wild-type gene. Therefore, a definitive role for alternative transcripts and their predicted truncated products could not be assigned in the flax/flax rust system.
MOBILE MANAGEMENT (1977)

OPERATING a mobile library service is not a subject currently considered in library schools to any great extent. Perhaps this is as things should be, for what the librarian in charge needs ideally is a course in transportation management, including a basic grounding in the mechanical aspects of vehicles.
Neural regulation of 35SO4-macromolecule secretion from tracheal glands of ferrets (1984)

Our goal was to determine what nervous mechanisms mediate the secretion of macromolecules from tracheal submucosal glands of ferrets. To do this, we studied the secretion of 35SO4-labeled macromolecules in vitro in response to electrical or pharmacological stimulation in the absence and presence of a specific nerve blocker and autonomic antagonists. We found that electrical field stimulation and the agonists acetylcholine, phenylephrine, terbutaline, and norepinephrine each cause secretion of radiolabeled materials. The molecular weights of the labeled materials released during base line and after electrical stimulation were greater than 1,000,000. The antagonists atropine, phentolamine, and propranolol alone prevented the responses to acetylcholine, phenylephrine, and terbutaline, respectively, without preventing responses to any other of these agonists or changing baseline secretion. Only phentolamine and propranolol together prevented the response to norepinephrine. Tetrodotoxin prevented the response to electrical stimulation but not the responses to the agonists. Each of the antagonists inhibited a significant portion of the response to electrical stimulation, but the combination of all three did not completely prevent secretion. We conclude that cholinergic nerves mediate secretion via muscarinic mechanisms, that adrenergic nerves mediate secretion via both alpha- and beta-adrenergic mechanisms, and that nonadrenergic-noncholinergic nerves mediate secretion via unidentified mechanisms.
Reversible photoinduced change in intermolecular distance in amorphous As2S3 network (1975)

A reversible photoinduced change in the intermolecular distance has been observed in a well−annealed As2S3 film using a detailed x−ray diffraction technique. This phenomenon is strongly related to the reversible optical absorption edge shift (i.e., photodarkening) by successive cycles of band−gap illumination and annealing. A quantitative interpretation is given for both phenomena in connection with the pressure−induced optical absorption edge shift.
STM Contrast, Electron-Transfer Chemistry, and Conduction in Molecules (1997)

We have used a series of metalloporphyrin compounds to test for a relationship between the contrast of STM images and the electrochemical properties of the molecules. Molecules were tethered to a gold (111) surface by means of an isothiocyano linkage and both images and current−voltage (I−V) curves were obtained with the sample submerged in oxygen-free mesitylene. The contrast of the reducible molecules changed strongly with bias, and the corresponding I−V curves were highly asymmetric. The derivative of these curves (dI/dV) had a Gaussian-shaped peak at a voltage characteristic of the compound, although local measurements showed that there was considerable variation in this value from molecule to molecule of a given compound. These bias-dependent features were not observed in the less electroactive molecules, so the STM is capable of distinguishing electroactive molecules from non-electroactive molecules as we demonstrate with images of mixed films. We discuss one- and two-step electron-transfer mechanisms which are consistent with these observations.
BRAKE SQUEAL - THE INFLUENCE OF ROTOR GEOMETRY (1993)

Brake squeal is currently seen as perhaps the most serious operational braking problem, particularly on passenger cars, but also increasingly on heavy goods vehicles. Although much progress has been made in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of squeal, its application to the design of quiet brake systems and the simplicity of the predictive models which have been developed. The work described here brings together experimental modal analysis measurements of squealing brakes and simple binary flutter stability modelling to develop a potentially generally applicable solution to a range of squeal problems. A novel modal analysis technique is developed for the measurement of rotor modes showing stationary complex meridian modes of a form compatible with a binary flutter mechanism for squeal. The inherent rotational symmetry of most brake rotors is shown to be a pre-requisite for the occurrence of such modes and hence for flutter instability, and the conditions for reducing this symmetry are examined. Finite element modelling is used to examine the practical problems of reducing brake rotor symmetry, and the effect of applying the technique to real brakes is evaluated and found to reduce or eliminate relevant squeal problems. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 857625.
Electrically Conductive Ultrananocrystalline Diamond‐Coated Natural Graphite‐Copper Anode for New Long Life Lithium‐Ion Battery (2014)

Science and technology are presented for novel nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond (N-UNCD) encapsulated NG/copper anode and UNCD coatings that may enable next generation Li-ion batteries (LIBs) with potential 10x longer lifetime and superior performance than current LIBs. N-UNCD films (∼5–10 nm grain size) exhibit electrical conductivity and extreme resistance to chemical corrosion, providing superior performance with respect to current uncoated anodes.
Optical coherence tomography today: speed, contrast, and multimodality (2014)

In the last 25 years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has advanced to be one of the most innovative and most successful translational optical imaging techniques, achieving substantial economic impact as well as clinical acceptance. This is largely owing to the resolution improvements by a factor of 10 to the submicron regime and to the imaging speed increase by more than half a million times to more than 5 million A-scans per second, with the latter one accomplished by the state-of-the-art swept source laser technologies that are reviewed in this article. In addition, parallelization of OCT detection, such as line-field and full-field OCT, has shortened the acquisition time even further by establishing quasi-akinetic scanning. Besides the technical improvements, several functional and contrast-enhancing OCT applications have been investigated, among which the label-free angiography shows great potential for future studies. Finally, various multimodal imaging modalities with OCT incorporated are reviewed, in that these multimodal implementations can synergistically compensate for the fundamental limitations of OCT when it is used alone.
The economic impact of infected total joint arthroplasty. (1993)

Infection in total joint replacement is a devastating and life-threatening complication for the patient. It can also be an economic disaster for hospitals that treat large numbers of these patients. The most important factor in both the clinical and economic area is to prevent the infection from occurring at all. However, once deep infection is established, rapid, aggressive, and definitive treatment must be rendered to the patient. A method of case-sharing must be established by medical centers that are best equipped to care for these patients. Reimbursement to hospitals and physicians must more realistically reflect the magnitude of resources consumed by these patients and the time-consuming and intensive care provided by a team of physicians.
Welcome to Lion (2011)

Our journey to learning all the ins and outs of Mac OS X 10.7 (a.k.a. "Lion") begins now. To begin with, this chapter is going to cover a large swath of fundamentals that you will need to get the most out of Mac OS X. This includes: An introduction to the Aqua interface and common elements in Mac OS X A look at the menu bar and the Dock Using the Launchpad KeywordsSystem PreferenceMenu ItemSnow LeopardKeyboard ShortcutForeground ApplicationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.