gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trypanocidal Activity of 8-Methyl-5′-{[( <i>Z</i> )-4-Aminobut-2-enyl]-(Methylamino)}Adenosine (Genz-644131), an Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase Inhibitor (2009)

Genzyme 644131, 8-methyl-5'-{[(Z)-4-aminobut-2-enyl](methylamino)}adenosine, is an analog of the enzyme activated S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) inhibitor and the trypanocidal agent MDL-7381, 5-{[(Z)-4-aminobut-2-enyl](methylamino)}adenosine. The analog differs from the parent in having an 8-methyl group on the purine ring that bestows favorable pharmacokinetic, biochemical, and trypanocidal activities. The compound was curative in acute Trypanosoma brucei brucei and drug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense model infections, with single-dose activity in the 1- to 5-mg/kg/day daily dose range for 4 days against T. brucei brucei and 25- to 50-mg/kg twice-daily dosing against T. brucei rhodesiense infections. The compound was not curative in the TREU 667 central nervous system model infection but cleared blood parasitemia and extended time to recrudescence in several groups. This study shows that AdoMetDC remains an attractive chemotherapeutic target in African trypanosomes and that chemical changes in AdoMetDC inhibitors can produce more favorable drug characteristics than the lead compound.
The role of surface Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions in the transesterification of vegetable oils over ZnO supported on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (2013)

ZnO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ZnO–Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with different loadings of ZnO (5–20 wt%) along with ZnAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> were prepared and tested in the transesterification of sunflower, waste cooking oil and Jatropha oil.
Calibration issues for total reflection x-ray fluorescence analysis of surface metallic contamination on silicon (1996)

Total reflection x-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy is used during process development and production process monitoring. Instruments used for these applications require measurement calibration and reproducibility. During 1994, a set of Ni dosed silicon wafers (approximately 1×1011 atoms/cm2) was fabricated and used in a ‘‘spoke in wheel’’ type of analysis round-robin. In this case, a set of samples was fabricated, analyzed by TXRF, and then smaller sets of three wafers were sent to five individual laboratories for analysis. The TXRF data demonstrated the reproducibility of TXRF results when samples have a uniform distribution across the surface. This work also points to the need for reference materials ≤ 1×1010 atoms/cm2. Gupta has previously shown that vapor phase decomposition (VPD) of Ni contamination is difficult, and we also report on VPD analysis of Ni [Gupta et al., Electro-Chem. Soc. Proc. 94-9, 200 (1994)]. We discuss the reproducibility of TXRF analysis of nonuniform surface contamination.
Modified dual active bridge bidirectional DC-DC converter with optimal efficiency (2012)

In this paper a modified dual active bridge (DAB) topology with a new modulation technique is proposed for bidirectional dc-dc conversion that not only improves the soft switching range of the converter but also highly reduces the large current ripples at low voltage side. Phase shift and duty cycles of active bridges on two sides, (d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , θ), are used to control the converter in order to extend the soft switching range against wide range of operating voltages on both ports and also to maximize the efficiency. The converter operation is analyzed and the soft switching conditions are extracted. For an aero space application it is shown that with a proper converter design the soft switching zones in control space can cover full power range against the wide voltage range required by standards. The extraction of optimal trajectories of control parameter values (d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1opt</sub> , d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2opt</sub> , θ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">opt</sub> ), for maximum efficiency are also discusses and an implementation method for the controller is proposed. Precise simulated model of the converter is developed to verify the analytic results and fine tune the design. A 2KW, 250 KHz prototype is also implemented to verify the results in practice.
Janus particle microshuttle: 1D directional self-propulsion modulated by AC electrical field (2014)

A catalytic Janus particle is capable of gaining energy from the surrounding fuel solution to drive itself to move continuously, which has an important impact in different fields, especially the field of micro-systems. However, the randomness of self-propulsion at the microscale restricts its use in practice. Achieving a directed self-propelled movement would greatly promote the application of the Janus particle. We proved experimentally that an AC electric field was an effective way to suppress Brownian motion and control the direction of self-propelled movement. The self-propulsion and dielectrophoretic response of a 2μm Janus particle were observed and the related basic data were collected. Interdigital electrodes, 20 μm in width, were energized in pulsed style to modulate the self-propulsion, which resulted in a shuttle-style motion in which a single Janus particle moved to and fro inside the strip electrode. The change of direction depends on its unique position: the catalyst side is always pointed outward and the orientation angle relative to the electrode is about 60°. Numerical simulation also proved that this position is reasonable. The present study could be beneficial with regard to self-propulsion and AC electrokinetics of the Janus particle.
Problems (1978)

Jerome C. Cherry, Andreas N. Philippou, Daniel A. Moran, D. M. Collison, G. A. Heuer, J. M. Stark, Sidney Kravitz, Kay Dundas, Marius Solomon, Daniel S. Freed, Richard A. Gibbs, P. Merkey, Martin Berman, Problems, Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 51, No. 5 (Nov., 1978), pp. 305-308
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) low-responsiveness to the <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> circumsporozoite protein in naturally-exposed endemic populations: analysis of human CTL response to most known variants (1993)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for epitope(s) within the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of malaria sporozoites have been shown to play an important role in protective immunity against malaria, at least in murine models. Their role in sporozoite immunity in the human host has, however, not yet been elucidated. Immunological non-responsiveness and antigenic diversity within T cell epitopes of the CS protein have been identified as potential problems in producing a sporozoite vaccine. These factors may contribute to the widespread lack of sporozoite immunity in endemic populations. In this study, 137 individuals with a history of natural endemic exposure to falciparum sporozoites (119 resident in north west Thailand and 18 resident in coastal Papua New Guinea) were tested for a CTL response to the Plasmodium falciparum CS protein. Fifty-four overlapping peptides, spanning the entire sequence of the CS protein of P. falciparum including most known variants, were studied. While most individuals had antibodies to the immunodominant B cell repeat, (NANP)n, and while CTL specific for an influenza virus matrix synthetic peptide could be generated from five of 23 Karen Thai individuals tested, no CS protein-specific CTL could be detected in these populations. Our data have important implications for vaccine programs.
First demonstration of guiding of high-intensity laser pulses in a hydrogen-filled capillary discharge waveguide (2001)

The results of the first experiments to demonstrate guiding of high-intensity laser pulses through a hydrogen-filled capillary discharge waveguide are described. Measurements of the temporal behaviour during the discharge of both the pulse energy transmission and the transverse spatial profile of the beam in the exit plane of the waveguide are presented. Guiding of laser pulses with a peak input intensity of greater than 1016 W cm-2 was observed for 20 and 40 mm long waveguides with pulse energy transmissions of approximately 90% and 80%, respectively. The proportion of energy coupled into the waveguide and the propagation loss were determined to be (96±2)% and (4±1) m-1. More than 103 laser pulses were guided through the same capillary.
Comparative Triplex Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assays of Lysosomal Enzyme Activities in Dried Blood Spots Using Fast Liquid Chromatography: Application to Newborn Screening of Pompe, Fabry, and Hurler Diseases (2011)

We report a comparative study of triplex tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) based assays of lysosomal enzymes in dried blood spots for the early detection of Pompe, Fabry, and Hurler diseases in newborns. Four methods have been evaluated that differed in sample handling and the equipment used. A newly developed method uses assay quenching with acetonitrile to precipitate blood proteins followed by analysis on an LC-electrospray/MS/MS system capable of multiple consecutive sample injections on two parallel chromatographic columns. This method requires 1.5 min per a triplex analysis of enzyme products and internal standards, which matches the throughput of the previously reported flow injection method. LC separation reduces matrix effects and allows for more facile sample workup. The new LC-based method showed figures of merit that were superior to those of the currently used method based on liquid-liquid extraction into ethyl acetate and flow injection into the mass spectrometer. The other methods we investigated for comprehensive comparison involved liquid-liquid extraction into ethyl acetate followed by LC-ESI-MS/MS and acetonitrile quenching followed by direct flow injection. Both methods using acetonitrile quenching were found to be robust and provide good quality data while requiring fewer liquid transfer steps and less disposable material and labor than did the extraction methods. The individual merits of the new methods are discussed to present an evaluated alternative approach to high-throughput analysis in newborn screening laboratories.
Optimization of Reactive Diluent for Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyester Resin: A Rheological and Thermomechanical Study (2021)

Nowadays, unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) are mainly obtained from non-renewable resources. The ever-increasing regulations and the continuous demand for more sustainability have led to extensive research towards more environmentally suitable alternatives to petroleum-based materials. However, one of the main disadvantages of bio-based UPR is their relatively high viscosity compared to petrochemical ones. In order to overcome this drawback, in this work, we investigated the possibility to lower the resin viscosity utilizing a mixture of dimethyl itaconate (DMI) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as a reactive diluent. The effect of the DMI and MMA ratio on resin rheological properties was investigated. The optimal curing parameters were determined and all UPRs had a high gel content, which was shown to be dependent on the DMI and MMA ratio in the formulation. Furthermore, thermomechanical and mechanical properties of the resulting network were also found to be affected by the used reactive diluent mixture. A small substitution of DMI by MMA proved to be advantageous since it offers lower resin viscosity and improved mechanical properties.
Radio environment map based maximum a posteriori Doppler shift estimation for LTE-R (2014)

Due to the high speed of the HSTs (high speed trains), Doppler shift estimation is a big challenge for OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) based LTE-R (LTE based communication systems for high speed Rail), which is very sensitive to Doppler shifts. Exploiting the unique feature of HSTs, i.e. they move along a given railway, resulting in a regular, repetitive and predictable Doppler shift curve, a REM (radio environment map) including the Doppler shift information can be constructed via field tests. Using the Doppler estimation from REM as a priori knowledge, a MAPE (maximum a posteriori estimator) is proposed to improve the estimation performance. The CRLB (Cramer-Rao lower bound) is derived for the MAPE and provides interesting insights. The performance of MAPE is evaluated and compared to that of classical CPE (cyclic-prefix based estimator) and REME (REM estimation) by simulations. It is shown that combining the advantages of CPE and REME, MAPE could always outperform either CPE or REME. Moreover, MAPE is robust to the location error, which is one of the main error sources and limits the performance of REME.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor: a Potential Marker for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy (2012)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pluripotent cytokine which plays roles in inflammation, immune responses and cancer development. It assists macrophages in carrying out functions like phagocytosis, adherence and motility. Of late, MIF is implicated in almost all stages of neoplasia and expression is a feature of most types of cancer. The presence of MIF in almost all tumors and all stages of cancer makes it an interesting candidate for cancer therapy. This review explores the roles of MIF in neoplasia.
Azimuthons: Spatially Modulated Vortex Solitons (2005)

We introduce a novel class of spatially localized self-trapped ringlike singular optical beams in nonlinear media, the so-called azimuthons, which appear due to a continuous azimuthal deformation of vortex solitons. We demonstrate that the azimuthons are characterized by two independent integer indices, the topological charge m and the number N of the intensity peaks along the ring. Each soliton family includes azimuthons with negative, positive, and zero angular velocity.
Reduced Expression of the Androgen Receptor by Third Generation of Antisense Shows Antitumor Activity in Models of Prostate Cancer (2011)

The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of a unique class of transcription factors because it contains a ligand-binding domain that, when activated, results in nuclear translocation and the transcriptional activation of genes associated with prostate cancer development. Although androgen deprivation therapies are effective initially for the treatment of prostate cancer, the disease eventually relapses and progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Nonetheless, the AR still plays a critical role because late-stage investigational agents that deplete testosterone (abiraterone) or block ligand binding (MDV3100) can still control tumor growth in patients with CRPC. These findings indicate that downmodulation of AR expression may provide a complementary strategy for treating CRPC. In this article, we describe a novel, locked, nucleic acid-based antisense oligonucleotide, designated EZN-4176. When administered as a single agent, EZN-4176 specifically downmodulated AR mRNA and protein, and this was coordinated with inhibition of the growth of both androgen-sensitive and CRPC tumors in vitro as well as in animal models. The effect was specific because no effect on growth was observed with a control antisense oligonucleotide that does not recognize AR mRNA, nor on tumors derived from the PC3, AR-negative, tumor cell line. In addition, EZN-4176 reduced AR luciferase reporter activity in a CRPC model derived from C4-2b cells that were implanted intratibially, indicating that the molecule may control prostate cancer that has metastasized to the bone. These data, together with the continued dependency of CRPC on the AR signaling pathway, justify the ongoing phase I evaluation of EZN-4176 in patients with CRPC.
Chemosensorik und Geruchsmessung (2015)

Unter der Bezeichnung „Elektronische Nasen“ sind chemosensorische Messsysteme eingeführt worden, die in einem sehr allgemeinen Sinn dem Vorbild des biologischen Geruchssinns nachgebildet sind. Obwohl diese Systeme nicht primär Geruchseigenschaften, sondern Zusammensetzungen von Gasmischungen analysieren können, werden sie auch für die „elektronische Olfaktometrie“ eingesetzt. Im Beitrag werden die Hintergründe und die Probleme des Einsatzes und der Übertragung auf die Geruchsmessung diskutiert. Dabei zeigen sich die bisher eingesetzten Methoden als nicht aussagekräftig. Für die künftige Weiterentwicklung werden Perspektiven und Forschungsziele benannt.
From inflammation to cancer (2016)

In this article we present a brief history of the discovery mechanisms and potential links between acute and chronic inflammation and cancer.
microRNA-145 in Barrett's oesophagus: regulating BMP4 signalling via GATA6 (2012)

These results imply that miRNA-145 indirectly targets BMP4 via GATA6 and is potentially involved in the development of BE.
Low delay-high compact FIR filter using reduced wallace multiplier (2014)

There are different entities that one would like to optimize when designing a VLSI circuit. The design of an efficient integrated circuit in terms of power, area, and speed simultaneously, has become a very challenging problem. Finite Impulse Response filters are the lead for DSP applications and communication. FIR filters has the multipliers of its heart of the system. So the improvement in the multiplier design will make the change in the FIR filter. In depth for multipliers adder is the main system. By reducing the parameters of both adder and multiplier will get a better result in computing the filtering operations. In this paper the adder has a modification by the reduced carry save adder. By changing this propagation of carry. The proposed design is simulated in ModelSim 6.3c and synthesis is done in Xilinx ISE 10.1. Finally the design is implemented in Spartan-3 FPGA.
Novel Poly(ethylene glycol)s Bearing Tributyltin Carboxylate End Groups as Ionophores in the Development of Chloride Ion‐Selective Electrodes (2006)

Abstract The potentiometric response characteristics of electrodes based on PVC membranes containing novel polyethylene glycols (PEGs) with tributyltin carboxylate end groups as ionophores for chloride ions were studied in 0.1 M HEPES solution, at the spontaneous pH. The effects of solvent mediator, amount of cationic additive, amount of ionophore and PEG chain length on the behavior of the sensors were investigated. The membranes with the best composition responded to chloride concentration in a linear range from 10 −4 to 10 −1 M Cl − with a nearly Nernstian slope and a detection limit of 6.5×10 −5 M. The sensor showed a short response time (<25 s) in the whole concentration range and an operational lifetime of about one week for the most performing PVC membranes. In comparison with ISEs based on anion exchangers the interferences from the more lipophilic anions were greatly reduced, as inferable by the selectivity coefficients determined with the matched potential method at chloride concentration of 3.0×10 −3 M.
Application of ion exchange to the separation of substances in low concentrations (1949)

E. R. Tompkins, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1949, 7, 232 DOI: 10.1039/DF9490700232
Understanding Feline Diabetes: Pathogenesis and Management (1998)

(1998). Understanding Feline Diabetes: Pathogenesis and Management. Veterinary Quarterly: Vol. 20, Voorjaarsdagen Congress 1998, pp. S35-S37.
Prenatal diagnosis of the RSH/Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (1999)

The RSH/Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (RSH/SLOS) is a relatively common, autosomal recessive malformation syndrome comprising distinctive facial, limb and genital anomalies, and mental retardation. Most patients with a clinical diagnosis of RSH/SLOS have a defect of cholesterol biosynthesis at the level of 3beta-hydroxysteroid-delta7-reductase, resulting in a decreased level of cholesterol and an increased level of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) in body fluids and tissues. We report on our experience with the prenatal diagnosis of RSH/SLOS by quantitative sterol chromatography in amniotic fluid (AF) and chorionic villus (CV). Of 76 AF and nine CV samples analyzed for various indications, 20 were diagnostic of RSH/SLOS based on an increased level of 7DHC in the fluid or tissue. Of 39 fetuses at a 25% risk for RSH/SLOS, 10(25.6%) were affected. Twenty-nine pregnancies not known to be at risk for RSH/SLOS were studied because of either a fetal abnormality characteristic of RSH/SLOS detected by ultrasound, a low maternal serum uE3 level (MSuE3), or both. None of the pregnancies tested, because of a low MSuE3 but lacking a sonographic abnormality characteristic of RSH/SLOS, was affected. However, three of four pregnancies with a low MSuE3 and an RSH/SLOS-type fetal abnormality were positive. RSH/ SLOS was diagnosed in two additional pregnancies on which MSuE3 data were not available but in which fetal anomalies were identified. Of these five RSH/SLOS fetuses identified in pregnancies not otherwise at risk for RSH/SLOS, the presenting sonographic anomaly was either polydactyly, ambiguous genitalia, or both. Evaluation of the biochemical parameters and clinical severity of RSH/SLOS showed that there was an inverse correlation between clinical severity and both the level of AF 7DHC and the level of MSuE3. Based on these earlier and more extensive studies, we conclude that accurate prenatal diagnosis of RSH/ SLOS is possible by sterol analysis of AF and, most likely, CV specimens as well. Furthermore, our findings suggest that MSuE3 levels in combination with sonography may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information in the absence of a family history of RSH/SLOS.
CD24 Is a Novel Predictor for Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Surgery (2009)

Overexpression of CD24 in HCC was associated with high invasiveness and metastatic potential, high tumor proliferation status, and activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. CD24 may be a novel predictor for poor prognosis of HCC patients after surgery.
Reactions of diene-conjugated 1,3-dipolar intermediates: a versatile and efficient route to dibenz[c,e]azepines via benzonitrile o-arylbenzyl ylides (1993)

Diene-conjugated nitrile ylides of the type 1 in which both the α,β- and the γδ-double bonds are aromatic, and where R is either hydrogen or a para substituent, cyclise to give dibenz[c,e]azepines 21(Scheme 2) in high yield. This is in contrast to the analogous diazo system 2 in which cyclisation does not occur. The presence of an ortho methyl group in the ring under attack (1j, Scheme 3) prevents cyclisation via its steric limitation of conjugation in the transition state.
Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations (1983)

We present an adaptive method based on the idea of multiple, component grids for the solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations using finite difference techniques. Based upon Richardson-type estimates of the truncation error, refined grids are created or existing ones removed to attain a given accuracy for a minimum amount of work. Our approach is recursive in that fine grids can themselves contain even finer grids. The grids with finer mesh width in space also have a smaller mesh width in time, making this a mesh refinement algorithm in time and space. We present the algorithm, data structures and grid generation procedure, and conclude with numerical examples in one and two space dimensions.