gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Function of the Angiosperm Female Gametophyte (2002)

The plant life cycle alternates between a diploid sporophyte generation and a haploid gametophyte generation. The angiosperm female gametophyte is critical to the reproductive process. It is the structure within which egg cell production and fertilization take place. In addition, the female gametophyte plays a role in pollen tube guidance, the induction of seed development, and the maternal control of seed development. Genetic analysis in Arabidopsis has uncovered mutations that affect female gametophyte development and function. Mutants defective in almost all stages of development have been identified, and analysis of these mutants is beginning to reveal features of the female gametophyte developmental program. Other mutations that affect female gametophyte function have uncovered regulatory genes required for the induction of endosperm development. From these studies, we are beginning to understand the regulatory networks involved in female gametophyte development and function. Further investigation of the female gametophyte will require complementary approaches including expression-based approaches to obtain a complete profile of the genes functioning within this critical structure.
An approximation to the distribution of finite sample size mutual information estimates (2005)

In this paper, the distribution of mutual information between two discrete random variables is approximated by means of a second-order Taylor series expansion. Approximative expressions for the distribution of mutual information (MI) between independent random variables, conditional MI between conditionally independent variables, and MI between (weakly) dependent random variables are derived. These distributions are functions of the available sample size and the number of realisations of the random variables only; knowledge of the variables' PMF is not required. The results are verified numerically for various cases. Exemplary application ideas in statistics and communications engineering are proposed.
Evaluación por imágenes del diafragma en el niño (2012)

Revisamos la embriologia, anatomia y funciones del diafragma, sus particularidades anatomicas y funcionales en los neonatos y, en forma mas profunda, los estudios por imagenes, que en la actualidad tienen un importante rol en su evaluacion anatomica y funcional, cada uno de ellos con sus ventajas y limitaciones. La radiografia de toraxpermite una evaluacion anatomica en dos planos del diafragma y constituye la primera aproximacion en el estudio de la patologia del diafragma en los ninos, por lo que se describe la anatomia normal y los signos de las patologias mas frecuentes. Los estudios contrastados del tubo digestivo siguen siendo de eleccion para el estudio de las hernias hiatales y hernias de Morgagni en donde esta ascendido el colon. Destacamos el uso del ultrasonido en la evaluacion de la motilidad diafragmatica, y algunas de sus ventajas sobre lafluoroscopia, que es y ha sido el metodo de eleccion en el diagnostico de la paralisis diafragmatica en los ninos. Las imagenes multiplanares son un metodo mas completo en la evaluacion anatomica del diafragma, muestran mejor su orientacion espacial y permiten la evaluacion detallada de las patologias donde la anatomia esta alterada, como hernias diafragmaticas congenitas, trauma y tumores.
Crystallization Behavior of Poly(oxyethylene)s with (Alkylsulfonyl)methyl Side Groups (1989)

Thermal properties and densities of (alkylsulfonyl)methyl-substituted poly(oxyethylene)s (ASEs) were measured to determine the relationship between the crystallization and the side chain length. As the carbon number of alkyl side chain increases from one to four, both densities and Tg's decrease. However, density of (n-pentylsulfonyl)methyl-substituted poly(oxyethylene) (PeSE, five carbons) is slightly smaller than that of (n-butylsulfonyl)methyl-substituted poly(oxyethylene) (BSE, four carbons) and of PeSE is higher than that of BSE. This phenomenon was ascribed to both the side chain crystallization and the main chain crystallization. The crystallization behavior was rationalized using DSC results and side chain density calculations.
Comparison of Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein Tests in Children with Urinary tract infection (2009)

Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease in children. The distinction between upper and lower UTI in children is associated with some ambiguities. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of procalcitonin (PCT) compared to C-reactive protein (CRP) in predicting renal involvement. Methods: Serum concentrations of PCT and CRP in blood samples of 111 children with UTI were measured. Renal parenchymal involvement was evaluated with 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were determined. Findings: Out of 111 children, 52 (46.8%) were shown to have acute renal involvement, 23 (20.7%) lower UTI, and 36 (32.5%) refused to be examined by DMSA renal scan. PCT was positive in 36 (69.2%) patients with upper UTI and 12 (52.2%) with lower UTI. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV obtained for PCT and CRP were 70.6, 45.5, 75, 40% and 96.2, 4.3, 69.4, and 33.3%, respectively. Conclusion: No significant correlation was found between renal parenchymal involvement and serum levels of PCT and CRP. However, the results demonstrated that the PCT was a better diagnostic test compared to CRP.
Antimicrobial treatment of minor soft tissue lacerations: a critical review. (1986)

This article is a collective review of all the prospective clinical studies that assessed the therapeutic value of antibiotics in minor soft tissue lacerations. This review critically evaluates each study that tests the hypothesis that antibiotic treatment reduces the incidence of infection. Even though the design of each of the studies was scientifically inadequate, important factors were identified that influenced the incidence of infection. On the basis of this collective review as well as other studies, indications for antibiotic therapy of minor soft tissue lacerations have been identified. Future clinical studies must be designed to test more precisely the validity of these recommendations.
A Multiplexed Low Power and High Linearity Cascaded Phase Interpolator Design (2018)

In this paper, a novel 14GHz phase interpolator (PI) circuit is presented. It consists of two main parts: trigonometric stage and linear stage. This two-stage cascaded structure is chosen to achieve high linearity. For the purpose of low power, the trigonometric stage is added with extra switches and when the part of circuit is not working, the corresponding switches are off. By this way, the power consumption is reduced. And at the same time, the current-steering DAC blocks of the following stage can be multiplexed because of the former ON-or-OFF control. To achieve high linearity, the linear stage is applied with a novel separate current-steering DAC and the improved results are shown in both theory and practice. The PI is designed in 28nm CMOS technology and gives a differential nonlinearity (in LSB) of 20.6% while consuming only 2.8mW from a 0.9V voltage supply.
Colposcopic appearance of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (1997)

The colposcopic appearance of different grades of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions was similar to those described for the cervix. Incorporation of colposcopy into assessment of anal disease could aid in distinguishing anal LSIL from HSIL.
Efficient Second Harmonic Generation in Lithium Niobate on Insulator (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Coercive force of single crystals of magnetite at low temperatures (2000)

SUMMARY The temperature dependence of coercive force H c was studied on well-characterized and stoichiometric millimetre-sized single crystals of magnetite at a series of 16 temperatures from 300 to 10 K using a SQUID magnetometer. H c decreases gradually with cooling to the isotropic temperature, T i =130 K, where the first magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K 1 becomes zero. H c exhibits a sharp increase at the Verwey transition, T v =120 K, where the structure changes from cubic to monoclinic. In crossing the Verwey transition, H c increases by more than two orders of magnitude, from 20 mT to 2.4 mT, and the shape of the hysteresis loops becomes wasp-waisted. Observed coercivity between 300 K and 170 K varies with temperature as l s /M s , where l s is the magnetostriction constant and M s is the saturation magnetization, indicating that the coercivity in MD magnetite is controlled mainly by internal stress associated with dislocations or other crystal defects. It seems likely that the stable singledomain-like magnetic memory observed in large MD magnetite crystals is due to magnetoelastically pinned domain walls. The discontinuous change in H c at the Verwey transition is controlled by abrupt changes in magnetocrystalline and magnetostriction constants due to crystal deformation from cubic to monoclinic structure.
A New System for the Anterior Restoration and Fixation of Thoracic Spinal Deformities Using an Endoscopic Approach (2000)

The use of this system successfully changed the Cobb angle of the spine, which suggests that its use should make it possible to correct spinal deformities. This apparatus also succeeded in fixing the rods in the screw heads, which raises the possibility of its use in spinal fixation. The authors believe that this apparatus could be adapted successfully for clinical use. Studies currently are under way in clinics using the new system.
Effect of Steam and Solarization Treatments on Pest Control, Strawberry Yield, and Economic Returns Relative to Methyl Bromide Fumigation (2012)

The phase-out of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant for strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa , Duch.) and increasingly strict regulations of all fumigants suggest that non-fumigant methods of soil disinfestation are needed. In warm climates, solarization controls soilborne pests, but fog and lower summer soil temperatures in coastal California render it unsuitable for pest control relative to chemical fumigation. The first objective of this study was to test the efficacy of steam in controlling soil pests in strawberry production. The second objective was to determine if combining solarization with steam in coastal California would achieve greater pest control and higher yields compared with steam or solarization used alone. The final objective was to determine the economic feasibility of steam and solarization treatments relative to MBPic fumigation. Field studies were conducted at Salinas, CA, in 2007–2008 and in 2008–2009 growing seasons. Treatments included MBPic 67/33% v/v at 392 kg·ha −1 , untreated control, solarization, steam, and steam + solarization. For steam + solarization plots, beds were solarized for 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after steam application. Before application of a clear film for solarization, beds were irrigated so the soil moisture was optimal for solarization. Steam was injected into the beds to reach soil temperatures to 70°C or higher up to a depth of 25 cm for 20 min. Soil temperatures during steam and solarization treatments were monitored. Control of soil pests was measured using pathogen and weed propagule bioassays in all treatments. After the 4-week treatment period, ‘Albion’ strawberry was transplanted in all plots. After transplanting, weed density, weed fresh biomass, and hand weeding time were recorded periodically in each treatment over the cropping season. Weed seed viability in steam and steam + solarization-treated plots was the same or lower than MBPic standard fumigation. Compared with MBPic fumigation, solarization alone was less effective in controlling weeds or reducing the hand-weeding time. Steam and steam + solarization treatments resulted in weed control similar to MBPic fumigation. Only certain steam treatments reduced the number of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. microsclerotia similar to the MBPic fumigation at 15-cm depth with no reductions at greater depths. There were no significant differences among treatments in 2007–2008 with regard to yield, but in 2008–2009, yields from steam treatments were comparable to the MBPic-treated plots. Economic analysis performed for the 2008–2009 season showed that net returns from steam or solarization treatments were less than MBPic treatment.
Effect of creatine phosphate on the contractile activity in acutely failing rat heart. (1998)

The hypothesis was tested that infusion of a solution containing creatine phosphate (CP) into rats with acutely failing hearts would enhance recovery of cardiac function. The acutely failing heart was produced by constricting the ascending aorta. This overload produced failure in approximately 25 min. At the point of failure the constriction was removed and solutions containing sterile physiological saline (PSS), PSS and CP, PSS and creatine, or PSS and creatine plus phosphate were infused. Cardiac function was assessed from systolic and diastolic blood pressure, +/- dp/dt, heart rate, and cardiac work. Ca2+ uptake by isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum and the concentrations of selected blood and tissue metabolites were measured. Normal cardiac function was restored in the PSS-CP infused rats whereas all other treatments did not restore cardiac function. Adenosine triphosphate and CP had declined in the myocardium of the failing hearts while lactate was elevated. The concentrations of these metabolites were normal in the PSS-CP infused animals. The glycogen concentration in the myocardium was reduced following the constriction. Ca2+ uptake by isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum was depressed in the failed hearts but normal in the hearts of CP-infused animals. These results demonstrate that the infusion of CP into animals with failing hearts can be effective in restoring cardiac function.
Multiple forms of intracellular and secreted mucins in a pancreatic cancer cell line. (1993)

Mucins have been implicated in circumventing the defenses of the body against tumorigenesis. A better understanding of the structures of mucins may assist in the development of new therapeutic approaches. Monoclonal antibody Ea6, developed against mucins purified from xenografts of the pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990, was used to identify a new type of pancreatic cancer mucin. The following characteristics suggest that Ea6 antibody reacts with the core structure of O-linked oligosaccharides, the Tn antigen (N-acetylgalactosamine-serine/threonine): (a) increased reactivity with ovine and bovine submaxillary mucins after desialylation; (b) reactivity was inhibitable by N-acetylgalactosamine; and (c) no reactivity with blood group A oligosaccharides. Ea6 mucins from cultured SW1990 cells had lower buoyant densities (1.36 versus 1.44 g/ml) than mucins identified by another monoclonal antibody directed against SW1990 mucins, SPan-1, and were less acidic. High density and molecular mass (> or = 400 kD) secreted antigens were unaffected by sulfhydryl bond reduction. After partial deglycosylation secreted SPan-1 antigens reacted with MUC1 peptide specific antibodies, SM-3 and HMFG-2, as well as polyclonal antisera directed against deglycosylated xenograft mucins. However, Ea6 antigens did not. SW1990 cytosol also contained SPan-1 antigens with apparent molecular weights of 160,000 and 210,000 and low buoyant densities (< or = 1.22 g/ml). These reacted with monoclonal antibodies specific for the MUC1 apomucin with no prior treatment. No Ea6 reactivity was detected with this fraction. These results suggest that Ea6 antibody identifies a new population of mucins that is distinct from SPan-1 mucins.
Shigellosis in the Nursery (1989)

Shigellosis is in the news. With an increasing proportion of preschool children in out-of-home care, we can expect more and more frequent outbreaks of shigellosis. Given the lack of ordinary personal hygiene in toddlers and the small number of bacteria required to transmit Shicgellu, we are indeed fortunate that Shigelln sonnei is the most common cause of shigellosls in North America, rather than more virulent species such as Shigella dpenteriae or Shigella Jexneti. The article "Shigellosis Occurring in Newborn Nursery Staff" by Beers et al (pp 147-149) documents an outbreak of shigellosis in a newborn nursery. This report is remarkable not so much for describing such an unusual event as shigellosis in a nursery, but for documenting the success of the infection control program in limiting the extent of the outbreak. In spite of the contagiousness of Shigella, no secondary cases occurred in infants or mothers exposed to the index case and the infant's mother. The lack of transmission to exposed newborns is in marked contrast to the experience in the index case's family: all six family members had fever and diarrhea in the period preceding the infant's birth, and S sonnei was recovered from two of the siblings who were still symptomatic after onset of illness in the index case.
Optimization of Conical Hydrostatic Bearing for Minimum Friction (1972)

Equations for the flow rate, load capacity, and friction torque for a conical hydrostatic bearing were developed. These equations were solved by a digital computer program to determine bearing configurations for minimum friction torque. Design curves are presented that show optimal bearing dimensions for minimum friction torque as a function of dimensionless flow rate for a range of dimensionless load capacity. Results are shown for both laminar and turbulent flow conditions. The results indicate the hydrostatic pocket friction is a significant portion of the total friction torque. However, the bearing dimensions for a minimum friction design are affected very little by inclusion of pocket friction in the analysis. For laminar flow the values of the outerland radius ratio X3 and outer bearing radius ratio X4 did not change significantly with increasing friction factor. For turbulent flow, the outer bearing radius ratio X4 did not change with increasing friction factor; therefore, the value determined for X4 in the laminar flow case is valid for all turbulent flows.
On dynamic channel assignment in cellular mobile radio systems (1991)

There are two types of strategies to assign the channels to a cell: fixed channel assignment (FCA) and dynamic channel assignment (DCA). The basic characteristics of DCA are presented in comparison with FCA. The authors introduce various DCA strategies and discuss some of most important DCA research topics currently being pursued. In particular, the authors focus on microcellular systems, including a proposed MD (moving direction) strategy. It uses the information a mobile station's (MS's) moving direction with the DCA strategy. A channel is selected among those occupied by MSs moving in the same direction with the concerned MS. In this manner, the MS can still use the same channel at the handover with high probability. DCA requires more radio equipment at each base station than FCA, and it requires elaborate channel assignment control. However, it exploits the limited frequency spectrum efficiently and has a lower forced call-termination rate than FCA when the blocking rates are equal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mathematical Model for Meso- and Thermophilic Anaerobic Sewage Sludge Digestion (2002)

A mathematical model is developed to describe the dynamic behavior of mesophilic (35 +/- 5 degrees C) and thermophilic digestion (55 +/- 5 degrees C). Special emphasis is given to acetotrophic methanogenesis and propionate degradation, as the steps that determine the stability of anaerobic digestion, as well as to hydrolysis rate, which determines the degradation efficiency of particulate degradable organic carbon. Within the range of 6-20 (mesophilic) and 2-8 d (thermophilic) hydraulic retention time (HRT), the observed maximum growth rates for acetotrophic methanogens are 0.33 and 1.3 d(-1), respectively, with a 15% decay rate. Temperature and pH dependence as well as ammonia inhibition of acetate and propionate conversion are determined and included in the model, which allows us to simulate the effect of protein- and nitrogen-rich waste addition and the consequences of temporarily increased free ammonia at high pH. No inhibition of hydrogen conversion was observed in the same free ammonia range. The pH optimum is between 6.6 and 7.3. Acetotrophic methanogenesis is strongly inhibited below pH 6.2, whereas above pH 7.4 it can be inhibited by free ammonia. For digesters fed with ordinary municipal sewage sludge, free ammonia inhibition of acetate conversion leads to an increase in acetate at about 35 and 140 mg of N/L for mesophilic (HRT = 20 d) and thermophilic (HRT = 6 d) conditions, respectively. The hydrolysis rate constant is 0.25 and 0.4 d(-1) respectively for these two conditions. The model is validated with load variation experiments in laboratory and full-scale digesters for step and shock loads.
Imino Diels-Alder Reactions: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrano and Furanoquinolines Catalyzed by Antimony (III) Sulfate (2008)

The Imino Diels-Alder reaction of N-benzylideneanilines with 3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyran and 2, 3-dihydrofuran proceeds smoothly to afford pyrano and furanoquinolines 3a-i and 4a-i in the presence of Antimony (III) Sulfate as catalyst. A concise and efficient synthetic route has been developed for one pot synthesis of pyrano and furano quinolines 6a-l and 7a-l by the reaction between anilines and 3, 4-dihydro-2H- pyran and 2, 3-dihydrofuran respectively in fairly good yields. This catalyst is inexpensive, easily available and it was also found that catalyst could be recovered quantitatively and reused without much loss of catalytic activity. Keywords: Antimony (III) sulfate, imino diels-alder reactions, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, 2,3- dihydrofuran, aryl amines, tetrahydroquinolines
Multiplex real-time PCR using temperature sensitive primer-supplying hydrogel particles and its application for malaria species identification (2018)

Real-time PCR, also called quantitative PCR (qPCR), has been powerful analytical tool for detection of nucleic acids since it developed. Not only for biological research but also for diagnostic needs, qPCR technique requires capacity to detect multiple genes in recent years. Solid phase PCR (SP-PCR) where one or two directional primers are immobilized on solid substrates could analyze multiplex genetic targets. However, conventional SP-PCR was subjected to restriction of application for lack of PCR efficiency and quantitative resolution. Here we introduce an advanced qPCR with primer-incorporated network (PIN). One directional primers are immobilized in the porous hydrogel particle by covalent bond and the other direction of primers are temporarily immobilized at so-called 'Supplimers'. Supplimers released the primers to aqueous phase in the hydrogel at the thermal cycling of PCR. It induced the high PCR efficiency over 92% with high reliability. It reduced the formation of primer dimers and improved the selectivity of qPCR thanks to the strategy of 'right primers supplied to right place only'. By conducting a six-plex qPCR of 30 minutes, we analyzed DNA samples originated from malaria patients and successfully identified malaria species in a single reaction.