gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible-Pay-Per-Channel: A New Model for Content Access Control in Pay-TV Broadcasting Systems (2008)

In the past, two models, pay-per-channel (PPC) and pay-per-view (PPV), for content access control in pay-TV broadcasting systems have been proposed. In PPC, a subscriber subscribes to one or multiple group(s) of channels, prearranged by the service provider, for a fixed period of time. Thus, it is unfair for the subscriber because the subscriber can not subscribe an arbitrary combination of channels according to his/her preference, and can not dynamically unsubscribe/change his/her subscription during the subscription period. On the other hand, PPV specifies that a subscriber can pay for each single program; thus, it provides a fair service. However, compared with PPC, PPV makes the subscriber inconvenient because of the high subscription frequency and low flexibility of channel selection. Moreover, all the existing PPV systems are only suitable for a small-scale Pay-TV system with limited users because of the overhead for transmission and storage. In this paper, we define a new model, flexible-PPC (F-PPC), which combines the properties and the advantages of PPC and PPV. F-PPC is an improved model of PPC for its fairness. It allows a subscriber to subscribe freely to his/her favorite channels, and unsubscribe/change his/her subscription at any time. Furthermore, it eliminates the inconvenience in PPV, and is suitable for a large-scale Pay-TV system with numerous subscribers and channels. In order to fulfill the requirements of F-PPC, we propose a new conditional access system (CAS) with a four-level key hierarchy. The proposed CAS utilizes a structure of a binary tree to update keys rapidly; therefore, the service provider can promptly update necessary keys when the subscribers change their subscriptions or leave the system. Compared with the existing CAS systems, our CAS is more efficient and flexible to support F-PPC.
Plasma hormones and catecholamine metabolites in monozygotic twins discordant for psychosis. (2002)

These findings suggest the potential role of adrenal steroids and hippocampal function in the expression of psychosis.
Vitamin D deficiency in adults (2010)

Vitamin D deficiency is a common condition that affects a significant number of Australians. Vitamin D is important in the maintenance of bone health, and deficiency leads to osteomalacia and contributes to fragility fractures. Deficiency has also been implicated in a wide variety of extra-skeletal conditions. Vitamin D can be easily assessed in patients by measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Replacement of vitamin D needs to be tailored for each patient and depends on the severity of the deficiency. Toxicity is unlikely with vitamin D when it is administered as cholecalciferol as it has a wide safety window. The adequacy of replacement should be monitored and in cases of persistently low concentrations, malabsorptive conditions (especially coeliac disease) should be excluded.
Conducted EMI issues in a boost PFC design (2002)

The paper presents the results of an experimental activity concerned with the development of a 600 W boost power factor corrector (PFC) complying with the EMC standards for conducted EMI in the 150 kHz-30 MHz range. In order to accomplish this task, different circuit design and layout solutions are taken into account and their effect on the conducted EMI behavior of the converter is experimentally evaluated. Common-mode and differential-mode switching noise, together with input filters' design and topology and with the PCB layout (in terms of track length and spacing, ground and shielding planes etc.) are the key aspects which have been analyzed. In particular, the paper reports the conducted EMI measurements for different filter capacitor placements and values, for different power switch drive circuits together with several other provisions which have turned out to be decisive in the reduction of the generated EMI.
Four-Phase Checkerboard Composites (2001)

Two-dimensional periodic rectangular checkerboard media are considered in the situation where mean fluxes are prescribed across the structure. The closed-form solution is obtained in the general case where the checkerboard is constructed using four rectangular cells, each having a different, constant resistivity; this four cell structure then repeats doubly periodically to cover the whole plane. This general solution is then used to calculate the effective properties. Thus this four-phase checkerboard encapsulates many limiting and special cases; as a starting point we develop a concise closed-form solution to a basic problem involving four joined quarter planes each of a different resistivity. Subsequent manipulations yield solutions to problems posed in increasingly convoluted domains while retaining the essentially simple structure found for joined quarter planes.
Validation of the clinical bulbocavernosus reflex (2003)

In this sample of women with detrusor overactivity, the clinical BCR did not have strong correlation with the electrically obtained reflex.
Suzuki Polycondensation: Polyarylenes à la Carte (2009)

This review draws a rather comprehensive picture of how Suzuki polycondensation was discovered in 1989 and how it was subsequently developed into the most powerful polymerization method for polyarylenes during the last 20 years. It combines insights into synthetic issues with classes of polymers prepared and touches upon aspects of this method's technological importance. Because a significant part of the developmental work was carried out in industry, the present review makes reference to an unusually large number of patents.
Differential effects of tamoxifen‐like compounds on osteoclastic bone degradation, H‐ATPase activity, calmodulin‐dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, and calmodulin binding (1997)

We studied effects of calmodulin antagonists on osteoclastic activity and calmodulin-dependent HCl transport. The results were compared to effects on the calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase and antagonist-calmodulin binding affinity. Avian osteoclast degradation of labeled bone was inhibited ∼40% by trifluoperazine or tamoxifen with half-maximal effects at 1–3 μM. Four benzopyrans structurally resembling tamoxifen were compared: d-centchroman inhibited resorption 30%, with half-maximal effect at ∼100 nM, cischroman and CDRI 85/287 gave 15–20% inhibition, and l-centchroman was ineffective. No benzopyran inhibited cell attachment or protein synthesis below 10 μM. However, ATP-dependent membrane vesicle acridine transport showed that H+-ATPase activity was abolished by all compounds with 50% effects at 0.25–1 μM. All compounds also inhibited calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase at micromolar calcium. Relative potency varied with assay type, but d- and l-centchroman, surprisingly, inhibited both H+-ATPase and phosphodiesterase activity at similar concentrations. However, d- and l-centchroman effects in either assay diverged at nanomolar calcium. Of benzopyrans tested, only the d-centchroman effects were calcium-dependent. Interaction of compounds with calmodulin at similar concentrations were confirmed by displacement of labeled calmodulin from immobilized trifluoperazine. Thus, the compounds tested all interact with calmodulin directly to varying degrees, and the observed osteoclast inhibition is consistent with calmodulin-mediated effects. However, calmodulin antagonist activity varies between specific reactions, and free calcium regulates specificity of some interactions. Effects on whole cells probably also reflect other properties, including transport into cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 66:358–369, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Efficient catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into renewable liquid biofuels via furan derivatives (2014)

Furan derivatives, directly generated from lignocellulosic biomass, were efficiently upgraded into renewable liquid biofuels without complicated separation and purification processes.
Multiobjective Optimization Problems With Complicated Pareto Sets, MOEA/D and NSGA-II (2008)

Partly due to lack of test problems, the impact of the Pareto set (PS) shapes on the performance of evolutionary algorithms has not yet attracted much attention. This paper introduces a general class of continuous multiobjective optimization test instances with arbitrary prescribed PS shapes, which could be used for studying the ability of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms for dealing with complicated PS shapes. It also proposes a new version of MOEA/D based on differential evolution (DE), i.e., MOEA/D-DE, and compares the proposed algorithm with NSGA-II with the same reproduction operators on the test instances introduced in this paper. The experimental results indicate that MOEA/D could significantly outperform NSGA-II on these test instances. It suggests that decomposition based multiobjective evolutionary algorithms are very promising in dealing with complicated PS shapes.
Contrast image correction method (2010)

A method for contrast enhancement is proposed. The algorithm is based on a local and image-dependent exponential correction. The technique aims to correct images that simultaneously present overexposed and underexposed regions. To prevent halo artifacts, the bilateral filter is used as the mask of the exponential correction. Depending on the characteristics of the image (piloted by histogram analysis), an automated parameter-tuning step is introduced, followed by stretching, clipping, and saturation preserving treatments. Comparisons with other contrast enhancement techniques are presented. The Mean Opinion Score (MOS) experiment on grayscale images gives the greatest preference score for our algorithm.
On Radiated Performance Evaluation of Massive MIMO Devices in Multiprobe Anechoic Chamber OTA Setups (2018)

Radiated testing of massive multiple-input-multiple-output devices in fading radio-channel conditions is expected to be essential in the development of the fifth-generation (5G) base stations and user equipment (TIE) operating at or close to the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies. In this paper, we present a setup upgrading the multiprobe anechoic chamber-based system designed originally for 4G TIE. We describe methods for mapping radio-channel models onto the probe configuration and discuss the differences to the former 4G case. We also propose metrics to assess the accuracy of the test setup and find key design parameters by simulations. The results with the utilized channel models indicate that at 28 GHz, up to 16 × 16 planar arrays can be tested with a range length of 1 m and with at minimum eight active dual polarized probes.
Crosstalk between IGF Signaling and Steroid Hormone Receptors in Breast Cancer (2007)

Breast cancer development and progression is regulated by crosstalk between steroid hormones (SHs) (e.g., estrogens, progestins and androgens) and growth factors such as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), insulin, epidermal growth factors (EGFs), transforming growth factors, and vascular endothelial growth factor. The biological effects of SHs are mediated by the nuclear receptors acting as transcriptional activators. Steroid hormone receptors (SRs), in addition to being induced by their own ligands, are also regulated by cellular kinases activated by growth factors. Growth factors are known to influence the expression and activity of SRs as well as regulate the action of various SR transcriptional co-factors. In turn, the expression of growth factor receptors, their ligands, and signaling molecules is often controlled by SHs. This review will focus on crosstalk between the IGF-I system and several SRs implicated in breast cancer.
Mechanism of action of the Aurora kinase inhibitor CCT129202 and <i>in vivo</i> quantification of biological activity (2007)

The Aurora family of serine/threonine kinases is important for the regulation of centrosome maturation, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis during mitosis. Overexpression of Aurora kinases in mammalian cells leads to genetic instability and transformation. Increased levels of Aurora kinases have also been linked to a broad range of human tumors. Here, we describe the properties of CCT129202, a representative of a structurally novel series of imidazopyridine small-molecule inhibitors of Aurora kinase activity. This compound showed high selectivity for the Aurora kinases over a panel of other kinases tested and inhibits proliferation in multiple cultured human tumor cell lines. CCT129202 causes the accumulation of human tumor cells with >or=4N DNA content, leading to apoptosis. CCT120202-treated human tumor cells showed a delay in mitosis, abrogation of nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest, and spindle defects. Growth of HCT116 xenografts in nude mice was inhibited after i.p. administration of CCT129202. We show that p21, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is induced by CCT129202. Up-regulation of p21 by CCT129202 in HCT116 cells led to Rb hypophosphorylation and E2F inhibition, contributing to a decrease in thymidine kinase 1 transcription. This has facilitated the use of 3'-deoxy-3'[(18)F]fluorothymidine-positron emission tomography to measure noninvasively the biological activity of the Aurora kinase inhibitor CCT129202 in vivo.
An HCMV reading frame which has similarity with both the V and C regions of the TCRγ chain (1991)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a member of the herpes virus family and is characterized by widespread infection, latency, persistence and reactivation and is a serious pathogen particularly of immunosuppressed patients. Previously HCMV was shown to encode a glycoprotein homologous to the MHC class I antigens. We report here that HCMV may encode another glycoprotein similar to another sub-group of the Ig superfamily. This putative glycoprotein gene shows similarity to both the constant and variable regions of the human T cell receptor gamma chain (TCR gamma). The level of homology is low but may be of interest as the predicted gene might have some role in virus infection or immune evasion.
Immunopathological Stain of Lipoarabinomannan-B(LAM-B) for Diagnosis of Leprosy (1993)

We developed an immunopathological staining of LAM-B antigen in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, and compared it with, PGL-I immunostaining, Fite Faraco's stain and periodic acid carbol pararosaniline (PACPR) stain. Out of the total 28 leprosy cases, 27 were positive to LAM-B immunostaining while 23 were positive to PGL-I stain. Fite's stain was positive in 21 cases while PACPR stain was positive in 24 cases. In scrofuloderma, LAM-B antigen was observed only in the granuloma while no other positive findings were noted with other stains. Normal skin did not give any positive findings with any of the stains. Other dermatoses showed no positive findings to any of the stains tested. LAM-B staining was observed in the nerve even in the absence of bacilli in leprosy tissues. Presence of LAM-B in the cutaneous nerves is helpful in discriminating leprosy from other mycobacterioses. Considering the high sensitivity of LAM-B and the predilection of M. leprae for the nerves, we concluded that LAM-B staining can be a useful new tool in the prompt diagnosis of leprosy, especially in suspected or early cases.
Effects of spectro-temporal modulation changes produced by multi-channel compression on intelligibility in a competing-speech task (2008)

These experiments are concerned with the intelligibility of target speech in the presence of a background talker. Using a noise vocoder, Stone and Moore [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 1023-1034 (2003)] showed that single-channel fast-acting compression degraded intelligibility, but slow compression did not. Stone and Moore [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2311-2323 (2004)] showed that intelligibility was lower when fast single-channel compression was applied to the target and background after mixing rather than before, and suggested that this was partly due to compression after mixing introducing "comodulation" between the target and background talkers. Experiment 1 here showed a similar effect for multi-channel compression. In experiment 2, intelligibility was measured as a function of the speed of multi-channel compression applied after mixing. For both eight- and 12-channel vocoders with one compressor per channel, intelligibility decreased as compression speed increased. For the eight-channel vocoder, a compressor that only affected modulation depth for rates below 2 Hz still reduced intelligibility. Experiment 3 used 12- or 18-channel vocoders. There were between 1 and 12 compression channels, and four speeds of compression. Intelligibility decreased as the number and speed of compression channels increased. The results are interpreted using several measures of the effects of compression, especially "across-source modulation correlation."
Hybrid III-V/silicon lasers (2014)

The lack of potent integrated light emitters is one of the bottlenecks that have so far hindered the silicon photonics platform from revolutionizing the communication market. Photonic circuits with integrated light sources have the potential to address a wide range of applications from short-distance data communication to long-haul optical transmission. Notably, the integration of lasers would allow saving large assembly costs and reduce the footprint of optoelectronic products by combining photonic and microelectronic functionalities on a single chip. Since silicon and germanium-based sources are still in their infancy, hybrid approaches using III-V semiconductor materials are currently pursued by several research laboratories in academia as well as in industry. In this paper we review recent developments of hybrid III-V/silicon lasers and discuss the advantages and drawbacks of several integration schemes. The integration approach followed in our laboratory makes use of wafer-bonded III-V material on structured silicon-on-insulator substrates and is based on adiabatic mode transfers between silicon and III-V waveguides. We will highlight some of the most interesting results from devices such as wavelength-tunable lasers and AWG lasers. The good performance demonstrates that an efficient mode transfer can be achieved between III-V and silicon waveguides and encourages further research efforts in this direction.
Electrical Coring; a Method of Determining Bottom-hole Data by Electrical Measurements (1934)

Abstract Since the beginning of the year 1928 the senior authors and their associates have applied a series of procedures which makes possible the detailed study in situ of the formations traversed by a drill hole before the casing has been landed. They have given the name "electrical coring" to the ensemble of these processes, which now replace in a large measure the mechanical coring performed by the drillers, and permit the gathering of bottom-hole data hitherto unobtainable. Three years have elapsed since the technique and interpretation of these measurements emerged from the experimental stage and entered the field of industrial application on a large scale. The total length of drill holes so far surveyed by the authors and their associates, all over the world, amounts to several millions of feet. Practical and strongly built equipment has been evolved, which permits the examination in a short time of an open hole several thousand feet long. No comprehensive paper has yet been published discussing the essential principles of the processes applied and bringing into evidence their economic interest. This is the object of the present paper.' Numerous examples of field work performed under varied geological conditions are given, constituting a concrete illustration of the services rendered by the new methods. The study in situ of the formations penetrated by a drill hole is based on the measurement of a given physical factor or parameter associated with these formations. Generally the measurements are made systematically along the whole length of the open hole. The physical factors or parameters which are now utilized by us to this end are:the resistivities of the rocks;their porosity;their electrical anisotropy;their temperature;the resistivity of the muds.
Nonlinear control of a wood chip refiner (2002)

This paper presents a multivariable controller for a wood chip refiner in a thermomechanical pulping (TMP) process in pulp and paper industries. A Generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm is developed based on a nonlinear Laguerre model. In stead of conventional input/output model, a nonlinear Laguerre model is used to represent a nonlinear process properly without the accurate knowledge of the order or time delay of the process. Simulations are used to demonstrate the benefits of applying this control algorithm to a wood chip refiner.
Synthesis of Bicyclic Nitriles and Related Compounds. II<sup>1,2</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Bicyclic Nitriles and Related Compounds. II1,2Peter Scheiner, Klaus K. Schmiegel, George Smith, and Wyman R. VaughanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 11, 2960–2965Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01046a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01046a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Throughput Based Switching Threshold for Multicast and Unicast in Cellular OFDM Networks (2007)

This paper focusses on the problem of the switching threshold between multicast and unicast transmission in the downlink of an OFDM based air interface. In general, unicast transmission can benefit from high rate channel state information and is flexible in downlink rate adaptation, but the number of required resources scales with the number of users. Multi- cell multicast, which is in discussion for the 3GPP Long Term Evolution standard, is more economic in terms of resource allocation and can benefit from multi-site simulcasting. However, for multicasting channel feedback information may not be available and the downlink transmission cannot be adapted individually. We evaluate the cost of setting up a multicast by analyzing the downlink throughput and resource allocation based on radio network simulations and provide switching thresholds indicating which cell user density is required to make multicasting beneficial compared to unicasting.