gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maintaining rule friendly for email management (2005)

Abstract: Every regular email user is well aware of the problems for managing large numbers of messages in his/her mailbox, because of the large amount of email that people receive every day. As we knwo the most users feel difficult to maintain filter rule for email classification problem, even expert users still have to put some effort on the task. It will be valuable if users can have a smart system to help them maintaining email filter rule. We thus integrated: machine learning for defining the rules, scrutable model, and programming by demonstration, called the Scrutable Rule Interface, and added them into a part of IEMS, to show how they can encourage and assist users to manage filter rule for email management. We describe a practical assistance interface and present empirical results that found general and expert users feel more confidant to infer thier own rules or apply other mechanizms used to infer the filter rules.This improved performance to acceptable levels.
Peroxidized Flavor and Acidic Fraction of Rice Vinegar (1975)

As a potent producer of peroxidized flavor, Acetobacter No. 112 was selected out of 103 strains. This Acetobacter No. 112 was classified according to Bergey’s, Frateur’s and Yamada’s methods and identified as Acetobacter xylinum. The peroxidized flavor was generated only in the medium containing acetic acid. It was clarified by GC/MS that the compounds of peroxidized flavor were propionic acid, isobutyric acid etc. Non-volatile acids were analyzed by liquid chromatography. Gluconic and oxalic acids were found in greater amounts in vinegar brewed by shaking culture, malic and citric acids were predominant in peroxidized vinegar, and glycollic and lactic acids were predominant in vinegar brewed by surface culture.
Protracted Sterile Protection with<i>Plasmodium yoelii</i>Pre‐erythrocytic Genetically Attenuated Parasite Malaria Vaccines Is Independent of Significant Liver‐Stage Persistence and Is Mediated by CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells (2007)

Irradiation-attenuated sporozoite vaccinations confer sterile protection against malaria infection in animal models and humans. Persistent, nonreplicating parasite forms in the liver are presumably necessary for the maintenance of sterile immunity. A novel vaccine approach uses genetically attenuated parasites (GAPs) that undergo arrested development during liver infection. The fate of GAPs after immunization, their persistence in vaccinated animals, and the immune mechanisms that mediate protection are unknown. To examine the developmental defects of genetically attenuated liver stages in vivo, we created deletions of the UIS3 and UIS4 loci in the Plasmodium yoelii rodent malaria model (Pyuis3[-] and Pyuis4[-]). The low 50% infectious dose of P. yoelii in BALB/c mice provides the most sensitive infectivity model. We show that P. yoelii GAPs reach the liver, invade hepatocytes, and develop a parasitophorous vacuole but do not significantly persist 40 h after infection. A single dose of Pyuis4(-) sporozoites conferred complete protection, but full protection by Pyuis3(-) sporozoites required at least 2 immunizations. CD8(+) T cells were essential for protection, but CD4(+) T cells were not. Our results show that genetically distinct GAPs confer different degrees of protective efficacy and that live vaccine persistence in the liver is not necessary to sustain long-lasting protection. These findings have important implications for the development of a P. falciparum GAP malaria vaccine.
Cancer anti-angiogenesis vaccines: Is the tumor vasculature antigenically unique? (2015)

Angiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. The tumor endothelium exists in a state of chronic activation and proliferation, fueled by the tumor milieu where angiogenic mediators are aberrantly over-expressed. Uncontrolled tumor growth, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance are all driven by the dysregulated and constitutive angiogenesis occurring in the vasculature. Accordingly, great efforts have been dedicated toward identifying molecular signatures of this pathological angiogenesis in order to devise selective tumor endothelium targeting therapies while minimizing potential autoimmunity against physiologically normal endothelium. Vaccination with angiogenic antigens to generate cellular and/or humoral immunity against the tumor endothelium has proven to be a promising strategy for inhibiting or normalizing tumor angiogenesis and reducing cancer growth. Here we review tumor endothelium vaccines developed to date including active immunization strategies using specific tumor endothelium-associated antigens and whole endothelial cell-based vaccines designed to elicit immune responses against diverse target antigens. Among the novel therapeutic options, we describe a placenta-derived endothelial cell vaccine, ValloVax™, a polyvalent vaccine that is antigenically similar to proliferating tumor endothelium and is supported by pre-clinical studies to be safe and efficacious against several tumor types.
The p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Is a Central Regulator of Glioma Invasion (2007)

The invasive nature of cancers in general, and malignant gliomas in particular, is a major clinical problem rendering tumors incurable by conventional therapies. Using a novel invasive glioma mouse model established by serial in vivo selection, we identified the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) as a critical regulator of glioma invasion. Through a series of functional, biochemical, and clinical studies, we found that p75(NTR) dramatically enhanced migration and invasion of genetically distinct glioma and frequently exhibited robust expression in highly invasive glioblastoma patient specimens. Moreover, we found that p75(NTR)-mediated invasion was neurotrophin dependent, resulting in the activation of downstream pathways and producing striking cytoskeletal changes of the invading cells. These results provide the first evidence for p75(NTR) as a major contributor to the highly invasive nature of malignant gliomas and identify a novel therapeutic target.
The Privacy-preserving Padding Problem: Non-negative Mechanisms for Conservative Answers with Differential Privacy (2021)

Differentially private noise mechanisms commonly use symmetric noise distributions. This is attractive both for achieving the differential privacy definition, and for unbiased expectations in the noised answers. However, there are contexts in which a noisy answer only has utility if it is conservative, that is, has known-signed error, which we call a padded answer. Seemingly, it is paradoxical to satisfy the DP definition with one-sided error, but we show how it is possible to bury the paradox into approximate DP's delta parameter. We develop a few mechanisms for one-sided padding mechanisms that always give conservative answers, but still achieve approximate differential privacy. We show how these mechanisms can be applied in a few select areas including making the cardinalities of set intersections and unions revealed in Private Set Intersection protocols differential private and enabling multiparty computation protocols to compute on sparse data which has its exact sizes made differential private rather than performing a fully oblivious more expensive computation.
Nucleation-controlled overgrowth of silicon on silica (1980)

We have demonstrated the nucleation-controlled overgrowth of silicon single crystals on an oxidized silicon wafer. The crystals are grown from an Al-Si liquid film by nucleation at via holes in the oxide substrate.
Kinetic Characterization of the Proteinase Binding Defect in a Reactive Site Variant of the Serpin, Antithrombin (1995)

To elucidate the role of the P1' residue of the serpin, antithrombin (AT), in proteinase inhibition, the source of the functional defect in a natural Ser-394-->Leu variant, AT-Denver, was investigated. AT-Denver inhibited thrombin, Factor IXa, plasmin, and Factor Xa with second order rate constants that were 430-, 120-, 40-, and 7-fold slower, respectively, than those of native AT, consistent with an altered specificity of the variant inhibitor for its target proteinases. AT-Denver inhibited thrombin and Factor Xa with nearly equimolar stoichiometries and formed SDS-stable complexes with these proteinases, indicating that the diminished inhibitor activity was not due to an enhanced turnover of the inhibitor as a substrate. Binding and kinetic studies showed that heparin binding to AT-Denver as well as heparin accelerations of AT-Denver-proteinase reactions were normal, consistent with the P1' mutation not affecting the heparin activation mechanism. Resolution of the two-step reaction of AT-Denver with thrombin revealed that the majority of the defective function was localized in the second reaction step and resulted from a 190-fold decreased rate constant for conversion of a noncovalent proteinase-inhibitor encounter complex to a stable, covalent complex. Little or no effects of the mutation on the binding constant for encounter complex formation or on the rate constant for stable complex dissociation were evident. These results support a role for the P1' residue of antithrombin in transition-state stabilization of a substrate-like attack of the proteinase on the inhibitor-reactive bond following the formation of a proteinase-inhibitor encounter complex but prior to the conformational change leading to the trapping of proteinase in a stable, covalent complex. Such a role indicates that the P1' residue does not contribute to thermodynamic stabilization of AT-proteinase complexes and instead favors a kinetic stabilization of these complexes by a suicide substrate reaction mechanism.
Are We Making the Most of University-industry Links? (1995)

New Zealand industry has been quite slow in making use of university research and development services as compared to Europe or the U.S. Some of the challenges that remain in successful university-industry links and suggestions to overcome the same are highlighted.
The bidirectional promoter of the divergently transcribed mouse Surf-1 and Surf-2 genes. (1991)

The ubiquitously expressed mouse Surf-1 and Surf-2 genes are divergently transcribed, and their heterogeneous start sites are separated by up to a maximum of only 73 bp. By using in vitro DNase I, dimethyl sulfate methylation, and gel retardation assays, we have identified five putative promoter control elements between and around the Surf-1 and Surf-2 start sites. The effects of each site on the regulation of Surf-1 and Surf-2 transcription have been studied in vivo, and four sites were found to be functional promoter elements. A novel binding site is required for efficient use of the intermediate but not the major start site of Surf-1. Three elements function in a bidirectional manner and are shared for efficient and accurate expression of both Surf-1 and Surf-2. One is an UEF (USF, MLTF) binding site which had a small effect on the use of the intermediate start sites of Surf-1 and also affected the major start sites of Surf-2. Another has sequence homology to the RPG alpha binding site associated with some ribosomal protein gene promoters and is required for efficient expression of the major but not intermediate start sites of Surf-1 and all start sites of Surf-2. The third, an RPG alpha-like site, is used for all start sites of both Surf-1 and Surf-2. Dissection of this cellular promoter region showed that different binding sites affect the use of different start sites and revealed a complex interaction between multiple elements that constitute a bona fide bidirectional promoter.
Molecular basis for the enhanced respiratory burst of activated macrophages. (1985)

Macrophages elicited by injection of agents that produce inflammation or obtained from animals infected with intracellular parasites are primed so that they respond to phagocytosis or exposure to phorbol myristate acetate with a marked increase in the respiratory burst. This capacity to respond to stimulation with increased release of reactive oxygen metabolites appears to play an essential role in the increased microbicidal capability of activated macrophages. Macrophages can be primed for this capacity by incubation in vitro with bacterial products, proteases, or gamma interferon. The molecular basis for this priming is presently under investigation. An increase in the number or affinity of plasma membrane receptors does not appear to explain priming. Changes in one or more of the transduction events responsible for stimulus-response coupling might lead to more efficient stimulation or function of the enzyme responsible for the respiratory burst; these events are just beginning to be studied in macrophages. Priming can be explained at least in part by a modification of the respiratory burst enzyme such that it binds its substrate NADPH, the source of electrons for reduction of oxygen to superoxide anion, more efficiently. Understanding the molecular basis for priming of the respiratory burst might permit its eventual therapeutic manipulation.
Accurate Tuning of the Highly-Negative-Chromatic-Dispersion Wavelength into a Dual Concentric Core Fibre by Macro-Bending (2002)

International audience
Chitosan Based Hydrogel Microspheres as Drug Carriers (2007)

Chitosan/tripolyphosphate (CHIT/TPP) and chitosan/tripolyphosphate/chondroitin sulfate (CHIT/TPP/CHS) core-shell type microspheres were prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation in order to develop a biocompatible matrix for drug delivery. The continual method using a multi-loop reactor under sterile conditions was applied for microsphere preparation. All the types of microspheres produced were spherical in shape and had a porous structure. The mechanical resistance of the microspheres increased in the presence of CHS as the second polyanion, which toughened the microsphere shell structure. For a drug release application, the process of microsphere preparation was modified by dissolving ofloxacin (OFL), the fluoroquinolone antibiotic, in CHIT solution before complex formation. This study shows the difference in OFL release comparing the microspheres CHIT/TPP and CHIT/TPP/CHS and implies the potential to control this process.
An introduction to software agents (1997)

ion and delegation: Agents can be made extensible and composable in ways that common iconic interface objects cannot. Because we can &quot;communicate&quot; with them, they can share our goals, rather than simply process our commands. They can show us how to do things and tell us what went wrong (Miller and Neches 1987). . Flexibility and opportunism: Because they can be instructed at the level of 16 BRADSHAW goals and strategies, agents can find ways to &quot;work around&quot; unforeseen problems and exploit new opportunities as they help solve problems. . Task orientation: Agents can be designed to take the context of the person&apos;s tasks and situation into account as they present information and take action. . Adaptivity: Agents can use learning algorithms to continually improve their behavior by noticing recurrent patterns of actions and events. Toward Agent-Enabled System Architectures In the future, assistant agents at the user interface and resource-managing agents behind the scenes will increas...
Anti‐PF4–heparin immunoglobulin G is the major class of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia antibody: findings of an enzyme‐linked immunofiltration assay using membrane‐bound hPF4–heparin (2001)

An enzyme-linked immunofiltration assay (ELIFA) was developed for detecting anti-human platelet factor 4 (hPF4)-heparin antibody in sera of patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). The immunofiltration assay was developed to capture HIT antibody by hPF4-heparin complex adsorbed onto a positively charged nylon membrane, as an alternative to plastic bound hPF4. Of 75 sera with a positive serotonin-release assay (SRA), anti-PF4-heparin of the immunoglobulin (Ig)G class was detected in 72 (96%) sera. With SRA-negative sera from thrombocytopenic patients treated with heparin, anti-hPF4-heparin IgG and IgA were detected in 16% (n = 126) and 14% (n = 74) of sera respectively; 6% (n = 71) of SRA-negative sera contained both IgG and IgA anti-hPF4-heparin antibodies. The detection of anti-hPF4-heparin IgG in all HIT sera supports the assay of anti-PF4-heparin IgG as being a sensitive screening test for HIT. Alternatively, the absence of anti-hPF4-heparin IgA cannot be used as a test for excluding HIT, as it was detected in only 48% of SRA-positive HIT sera. However, it may be used to support the diagnosis of HIT, when HIT IgG is weak. This study emphasized the need to use different immobilizing media for the capture of anti-PF4-heparin antibody.
A New Transformerless Topology for AC-Fed Traction Vehicles Using Multi-Star Induction Motors (2000)

SummaryConventional traction vehicles for a.c.-mains contain a line-transformer in the propulsion chain. This transformer, especially for 15 kV/16.7 Hz main lines, is bulky, expensive and has high losses. This paper proposes a completely new transformerless configuration which reduces weight and dimensions of the drive power chain and improves the efficiency. On the line side, series connected voltage source inverters are directly connected via a line choke to the overhead line. This leads to d.c.-links on different voltage potentials, which ask for a new motor concept. The proposed 3-star induction motor with three independent 3-phase windings is fed by three 3-phase inverters on different voltage potentials. A new control structure for this 3-star induction motor becomes necessary and is proposed.Keywords: TractionLocomotivesElectric vehiclesDrivesMultilevel convertersInduction motors Additional informationNotes on contributorsM. SteinerMichael Steiner was born 1963 in Hemer, Germany, after receiving the electrical engineering degree from University of Wuppertal, he joined ABB Corporate Research in Heidelberg, Germany, went 1994 on a job rotation to ABB Verkehrssytem Switzerland From 1995 on he was partly with adtranz., where he is working as a Technology Manager for propulsion system. In 2000 he received His PHD degree from the swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. Working fields Propulsion technology Frequncy Topology, Medium Frequency Topologyies – Transformerless Topology, Medium Frequency Topology, Soft Switching and Alternative Drives And Energy Storage.R. DeplazesRomeo Deplazes was born 1970 in Rabius GR, Switzerland. In 1995 he received his degree in electrical engineering from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich with a Transformerless Topologies for Traction Applications using Multi-Star Induction Motors. Since late 1999 he is working with Schindler Lifts Ltd in the department for Technology Management as a Technology and Knowledge Manager.H. StemmlerHerbert Stemnder is Professor for power electronics at the Swiss federal Institute of the Power Electronics and Electrometrology Laboratory. From 1961 up to 1991 he continuously worked with Brown Boveri. & Co., respectively Asea Brown Bovery, in Baden (Switzerland), after 1971 as head of the commissioning and trouble-shooting of power president of this department Working-fields: converter and inverter locomotives, all kinds of large AC-drives, recive power compensator, HVDC-transmission. Low power electronics, standardized and tailor-made electronics control units. Parallel to that, he garguated in 1971 with a doctoral thesis at the Technical University of Aachen (Germany). Since 1991 he is professor for power electronics at the ETH Zürich. At the time there are 11 projects completed by a doctoral thesis and 11 current projects are 11 projects in the field of power electronics (Traction, drives, Flexible AC Transmission System [FACTS], Solar energy system, Uninteruptable power supply, Matrix converter and fuell cell vechicles).
The novel N-type calcium channel blocker, AM336, produces potent dose-dependent antinociception after intrathecal dosing in rats and inhibits substance P release in rat spinal cord slices (2002)

N-type calcium channels modulate the release of key pro-nociceptive neurotransmitters such as glutamate and substance P (SP) in the central nervous system. Considerable research interest has focused on the therapeutic potential of the peptidic omega-conopeptides, GVIA and MVIIA as novel analgesic agents, due to their potent inhibition of N-type calcium channels. Recently, the novel peptidic N-type calcium channel blocker, AM336, was isolated from the venom of the cone snail, Conus catus. Thus, the aims of this study were to (i) document the antinociceptive effects of AM336 (also known as CVID) relative to MVIIA following intrathecal (i.t.) bolus dosing in rats with adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain of the right hindpaw and to (ii) quantify the inhibitory effects of AM336 relative to MVIIA on K+-evoked SP release from slices of rat spinal cord. Both AM336 and MVIIA inhibited the K+-evoked release of the pro-nociceptive neurotransmitter, SP, from rat spinal cord slices in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50 values=21.1 and 62.9 nM, respectively), consistent with the antinociceptive actions of omega-conopeptides. Following acute i.t. dosing, AM336 evoked dose-dependent antinociception (ED50 approximately 0.110 nmol) but the doses required to produce side-effects were an order of magnitude larger than the doses required to produce antinociception. For i.t. doses of MVIIA<or=0.07 nmol, dose-dependent antinociception was also produced (ED50 approximately 0.016 nmol). Unexpectedly, however, i.t. doses of MVIIA>0.07 nmol, produced a dose-dependent decrease in antinociception but the incidence and severity of the side-effects continued to increase for all doses of MVIIA investigated, suggesting that dose-titration with MVIIA in the clinical setting, may be difficult.
Effect of high-pressure oxygen annealing on negative bias illumination stress-induced instability of InGaZnO thin film transistors (2011)

Negative-bias illumination stress (NBIS) of amorphous InGaZnO (IGZO) transistors can cause a large negative shift (&gt;7.1 V) in threshold voltage, something frequently attributed to the trapping of photoinduced hole carriers. This work demonstrates that the deterioration of threshold voltage by NBIS can be strongly suppressed by high-pressure annealing under 10 atm O2 ambient. This improvement occurred through a reduction in oxygen vacancy defects in the IGZO film, indicating that a photoinduced transition from VO to VO2+ was responsible for the NBIS-induced instability.
Bioenergetics and Life's Origins (2010)

Bioenergetics is central to our understanding of living systems, yet has attracted relatively little attention in origins of life research. This article focuses on energy resources available to drive primitive metabolism and the synthesis of polymers that could be incorporated into molecular systems having properties associated with the living state. The compartmented systems are referred to as protocells, each different from all the rest and representing a kind of natural experiment. The origin of life was marked when a rare few protocells happened to have the ability to capture energy from the environment to initiate catalyzed heterotrophic growth directed by heritable genetic information in the polymers. This article examines potential sources of energy available to protocells, and mechanisms by which the energy could be used to drive polymer synthesis.