gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
La catalyse d'épuration des gaz d'échappement automobiles. Situation actuelle et nouvelles orientations (1996)

Cet article passe en revue les différents systèmes catalytiques de post-traitement utilisés actuellement sur la plupart des automobiles pour limiter leurs rejets de polluants. Les systèmes sont différenciés par leur mode de fonctionnement, le type de moteur à dépolluer (deux-temps, quatre-temps, diesel ou essence) ou par leur mode de réalisation. Les nouvelles orientations, prévues pour respecter les futures réglementations antipollution, sont également décrites. On montre que certains véhicules prototypes, équipés de moteurs à combustion interne, sont capables d'avoir des émissions très proches de zéro tout comme les véhicules électriques.
<title>Fiber optic sensor for ammonia vapors of variable temperature</title> (1991)

Fiber-optic sensor, based on the principle of reversible changes in absorption spectrum of dye-film, containing pH-dye, entrapped in a polymer matrix, has been developed for use in sensing of ammonia vapors of variable temperature. Differences of absorption spectra of pH-dye in water solution and in polymer matrix are investigated. The design of the sensor is presented and experimental results are discussed.
Color Tuning of Nanofibers by Periodic Organic–Organic Hetero-Epitaxy (2012)

We report on the epitaxial growth of periodic para-hexaphenyl (p-6P)/α-sexi-thiophene (6T) multilayer heterostructures on top of p-6P nanotemplates. By the chosen approach, 6T molecules are forced to align parallel to the p-6P template molecules, which yields highly polarized photoluminescence (PL)-emission of both species. The PL spectra show that the fabricated multilayer structures provide optical emission from two different 6T phases, interfacial 6T molecules, and 3-dimensional crystallites. By a periodical deposition of 6T monolayers and p-6P spacers it is demonstrated that the strongly polarized spectral contribution of interfacial 6T can be precisely controlled and amplified. By analyzing the PL emission of both 6T phases as a function of p-6P spacer thickness (Δd(p-6P)) we have determined a critical value of Δd(p-6P )≈ 2.73 nm where interfacial 6T runs into saturation and the surplus of 6T starts to cluster in 3-dimensional crystallites. These results are further substantiated by UPS and XRD measurements. Moreover, it is demonstrated by morphological investigations, provided by scanning force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, that periodical deposition of 6T and p-6P leads to a significant improvement of homogeneity in PL-emission and morphology of nanofibers. Photoluminescence excitation experiments in combination with time-resolved photoluminescence demonstrate that the spectral emission of the organic multilayer nanofibers is dominated by a resonant energy transfer from p-6P host- to 6T guest-molecules. The sensitization time of the 6T emission in the 6T/p-6P multilayer structures depends on the p-6P spacer thickness, and can be explained by well separated layers of host-guest molecules obtained by organic-organic heteroepitaxy. The spectral emission and consequently the fluorescent color of the nanofibers can be efficiently tuned from the blue via white to the yellow-green spectral range.
LTE application and congestion performance (2013)

The complexity of today's wireless networks and the new applications from smartphones call for an in-depth understanding of the mutual impact of networks and applications. We have created a unique Long Term Evolution (LTE) end-to-end network and application performance platform which fulfills several pre-identified needs: 1) to model an actual market so that when traffic models change one can quickly assess the overall impact to customers, 2) optimize products to achieve the best end user experience, 3) develop guidelines for network deployment and capacity analysis, and 4) understand and extend application performance results from the field and lab testing. In this paper we analyze and report the impact of thin traffic applications on the LTE network. In particular, we analyze the performance of underlying packet transmission protocols and the impact of machine-to-machine telemetry on the LTE control plane. We further propose a protocol enhancement to reduce the signaling load and packet transmission delays over a LTE network.
Synthesis of Calcium Phosphates Containing Metal Ions and Evaluation of their Catalytic Activity for the Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide (2007)

Calcium phosphates with metal ions are expected to show interesting characteristics, such as catalytic activity, as well as high ability to adsorb organic substances. We assumed that the organic substances adsorbed on calcium phosphates could be decomposed by treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) if the catalytic activity for the decomposition of H2O2 can be introduced to calcium phosphates. We synthesized hydroxyapatite (HAp) containing Ni or Co ions, and octacalcium phosphate (OCP) containing Ni, Co or Mn ions. The HAp containing Co ions and the OCP containing Co or Mn ions showed catalytic activity for the decomposition of H2O2.
High-power near-diffraction-limited external cavitylaser, tunable from 1030 to 1085 nm (1998)

A tunable external cavity semiconductor laser with > 1 W CW near-diffraction-limited output power between 1030 and 1085 nm is demonstrated. A tapered power amplifier with novel epilayer structure is used as the gain element. Near the gain peak at 1055 nm an output power of 1.6 W CW is obtained.
A Closed-Form Nonlinear Model for the Constraint Characteristics of Symmetric Spatial Beams (2013)

The constraint-based design of flexure mechanisms requires a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the constraint characteristics of flexure elements that serve as constraints. This paper presents the constraint characterization of a uniform and symmetric cross-section, slender, spatial beam—a basic flexure element commonly used in three-dimensional flexure mechanisms. The constraint characteristics of interest, namely stiffness and error motions, are determined from the nonlinear load–displacement relations at the beam end. Appropriate assumptions are made while formulating the strain and strain energy expressions for the spatial beam to retain relevant geometric nonlinearities. Using the principle of virtual work, nonlinear beam governing equations are derived and subsequently solved for general end loads. The resulting nonlinear load–displacement relations capture the constraint characteristics of the spatial beam in a compact, closed-form, and parametric manner. This constraint model is shown to be accurate using nonlinear finite element analysis, within a load and displacement range of practical interest. The utility of this model lies in the physical and analytical insight that it offers into the constraint behavior of a spatial beam flexure, its use in design and optimization of 3D flexure mechanism geometries, and its elucidation of fundamental performance tradeoffs in flexure mechanism design.
InferCode: Self-Supervised Learning of Code Representations by Predicting Subtrees (2020)

Building deep learning models on source code has found many successful software engineering applications, such as code search, code comment generation, bug detection, code migration, and so on. Current learning techniques, however, have a major drawback that these models are mostly trained on datasets labeled for particular downstream tasks, and code representations may not be suitable for other tasks. While some techniques produce representations from unlabeled code, they are far from satisfactory when applied to downstream tasks. Although certain techniques generate representations from unlabeled code when applied to downstream tasks they are far from satisfactory. This paper proposes InferCode to overcome the limitation by adapting the self-supervised learning mechanism to build source code model. The key novelty lies in training code representations by predicting automatically identified subtrees from the context of the ASTs. Subtrees in ASTs are treated with InferCode as the labels for training code representations without any human labeling effort or the overhead of expensive graph construction, and the trained representations are no longer tied to any specific downstream tasks or code units. We trained an InferCode model instance using the Tree-based CNN as the encoder of a large set of Java code and applied it to downstream unsupervised tasks such as code clustering, code clone detection, cross-language code search or reused under a transfer learning scheme to continue training the model weights for supervised tasks such as code classification and method name prediction. Compared to previous code learning techniques applied to the same downstream tasks, such as Code2Vec, Code2Seq, ASTNN, higher performance results are achieved using our pre-trained InferCode model with a significant margin for most tasks including those involving different programming languages.
Transmission line fault location for double phase-to-earth fault on non-direct-ground neutral system (2000)

An accurate algorithm for locating double phase-to-earth faults on transmission lines of nondirect ground neutral systems is presented. The algorithm employs the faulted phase network and zero-sequence network as the fault location model. It effectively eliminates the effect of load flow and fault resistance on the accuracy of fault location. The technique embodies an accurate location by measuring only one local end data. The algorithm is used in a procedure that provides the automatic determination of faulted line and phase, rather than requires engineer to specify them. Simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the algorithm under the condition of earth faults.
A Replication Study of the Neural Correlates of Deception. (2004)

The authors attempted to replicate prior group brain correlates of deception and improve on the consistency of individual results. Healthy, right-handed adults were instructed to tell the truth or to lie while being imaged in a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI significance maps were generated for subjects giving a deceptive answer minus a truthful answer (lie minus true) and the reverse (true minus lie). The lie minus true group analysis (n = 10) revealed significant activation in 5 regions, consistent with a previous study (right orbitofrontal, inferior frontal, middle frontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, and left middle frontal), with no significant activation for true minus lie. Individual results of the lie minus true condition were variable. Results show that functional MRI is a reasonable tool with which to study deception.
A comparative approach to elucidate chloroplast genome replication (2009)

Single-stranded regions of the genome and gradients in time that these regions are left single-stranded, as revealed by our nucleotide composition analyses, appear to converge with the original bi-directional dual displacement loop model and restore evidence for its existence as the primary mechanism. Other proposed faster modes such as homologous recombination and rolling circle initiation could exist in addition to this primary mechanism to facilitate homoplasmy among the intra-cellular chloroplast population.
Clinical Feasibility of Microscopically-Guided Breast Needle Biopsy Using a Fiber-Optic Probe with Computer-Aided Detection (2009)

Needle biopsy of small or nonpalpable breast lesions has a high nondiagnostic sampling rate even when needle position is guided by stereotaxis or ultrasound. We assess the feasibility of using a near-infrared fiber optic probe and computer-aided detection for the microscopic guidance of needle breast biopsy procedures. Specimens from nine consented patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery were assessed intraoperatively using a needle device with an integrated fiber-optic probe capable of assessing two physical tissue properties highly correlated to pathology. Immediately following surgical resection, specimens were probed by inserting the optical biopsy needle device into the tissue, simulating the procedure used to position standard biopsy needles. Needle positions were marked and correlated with histology, which verified measurements obtained from 58 needle positions, including 40 in adipose and 18 in tumor tissue. This study yielded tissue classifications based on measurement of optical refractive index and scattering. Confidence-rating schemes yielded combined sensitivity of 89% (16/18) and specificity of 78% (31/40). Refractive index tests alone identified tumor tissue with a sensitivity of 83% (15/18) and specificity of 75% (30/40). Scattering profiles independently identified tumor tissue with a sensitivity of 61% (11/18) and specificity of 60% (24/40). These results show that a biopsy needle with an integrated fiber optic probe can be used to identify breast tumor tissue for sampling. Integration of this probe into current practices offers the potential to reduce nondiagnostic sampling rates by directly evaluating in situ microscopic tissue properties in real-time, before removal.
Dimethyldioxirane oxidation of indole derivatives. Formation of novel indole-2,3-epoxides and a versatile synthetic route to indolinones and indolines (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDimethyldioxirane oxidation of indole derivatives. Formation of novel indole-2,3-epoxides and a versatile synthetic route to indolinones and indolinesXiaojun Zhang and Christopher S. FooteCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 19, 8867–8868Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00072a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00072a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2705Altmetric-Citations123LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Vibrio cholerae adherence and colonization in experimental cholera: electron microscopic studies (1976)

Colonization of the intestinal epithelium by Vibrio cholerae was examined in two model systems, in ligated ileal loops of adult rabbits and in the patent gut of infant rabbits, using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Time studies in the adult model showed a lag period of up to 1 h before the attachment of significant numbers of the vibrios. The bacteria appeared initially in small patches on the sides of the villi, predominantly along the transverse furrows. The number of adherent bacteria steadily increased, reaching a maximum between 4 and 7 h, when a dense mat of bacteria several layers thick covered much of the villi. After this time there was a rapid decline in the number of V. cholerae bound. By 12 to 16 h only a few bacteria could be seen on the surface of the villi, which had a rough, patchy appearance at these later times. Globular protrusions, with vibrios attached, may play a role in the clearance of bacteria. Colonization and clearance in the patent intestine of the infant rabbit occurred much as in the adult model. However, the bacteria adhered more uniformly and there was no lag in attachment. In both models the majority of bacteria were aligned horizontally with the epithelial surface, but some were attached in an end-on manner, with their flagella extending into the lumen. The bacteria adhered via their surface coats directly to the tips of the microvilli, except for a few vibrios that were partly embedded into the brush border. Some changes in the microvilli occurred as a consequence of the bacterial attachment.
Effect of back-contact copper concentration on CdTe cell operation (2003)

CdTe solar cells were fabricated with five different concentrations of copper, including zero, used in back-contact formation. Room-temperature J-V curves showed progressive deterioration in fill factor with reduced copper. J/sub SC/ and QE were similar for all Cu-levels. Capacitance measurement suggested enhanced intermixing at the back contact with copper present. Photocurrent mapping was much less uniform for reduced-Cu cells. Elevated-temperature stress induced very little change in J-V when sufficient Cu was used in the contact.
Video based localization for Bertha (2014)

In August 2013, the modified Mercedes-Benz SClass S500 Intelligent Drive (“Bertha”) completed the historic Bertha-Benz-Memorial-Route fully autonomously. The self-driving 103 km journey passed through urban and rural areas. The system used detailed geometric maps to supplement its online perception systems. A map based approach is only feasible if a precise, map relative localization is provided. The purpose of this paper is to give a survey on this corner stone of the system architecture. Two supplementary vision based localization methods have been developed. One of them is based on the detection of lane markings and similar road elements, the other exploits descriptors for point shaped features. A final filter step combines both estimates while handling out-of-sequence measurements correctly.
Which PZT thin films for piezoelectric microactuator applications? (1998)

Abstract The effective piezoelectric coefficient e31 has been measured on sol-gel processed Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 thin films with Zr concentrations ranging from 45 to 60%. The largest value was observed at 45% Zr, although dielectric constant and effective d33 peak at 53% Zr. The findings suggest that the optimal composition for microactuators and sensors is less than 45% Zr, i.e., in the tetragonal part of the phase diagram.
An In Situ Raman-Electrochemical Investigation of Carbon Steel Corrosion in Na[sub 2]CO[sub 3]∕NaHCO[sub 3], Na[sub 2]SO[sub 4], and NaCl Solutions (2006)

The anoxic corrosion of carbon steel liners inside failed copper nuclear waste containers is dependent on the composition of the groundwater to which it is exposed. The influence of carbonate/bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride in solutions simulating concentrated groundwaters at pH 8.9 on the composition of the corrosion products formed on A 516 Gr 70 carbon steel has been investigated at room temperature. In situ Raman spectroscopic identification of the corrosion products formed during polarization at constant potential was conducted in a spectroelectrochemical cell. Siderite was established as the main product in sodium carbonate/bicarbonate solutions, and the observance of iron carbide indicates extensive steel dissolution in this environment. In mixed carbonate, sulfate, chloride solutions, compact deposits of carbonate-containing, and to a lesser degree, sulfate-containing green rusts were formed, along with small amounts of magnetite. In chloride-dominated solutions very thin, compact films, undetectable by Raman spectroscopy, were formed. Ex situ Raman analysis suggests this film may be magnetite.
New experiments with hollow cathode discharges - for application to plasma accelerators. (1961)

Cavity cathodes for plasma accelerators, investigating discharges for arc currents to 40 amp
Medical malpractice litigation fraught with hidden costs (2013)

Rising costs to defend malpractice claims and costs of defensive medicine continue to plague health care. Although probably not the main determinant of health care expenses, medical malpractice costs are still significant.

While the primary costs are payments to plaintiffs, other hidden costs are
Economic single phase to three phase converter topologies for fixed frequency output (2002)

Several component-minimized circuit topologies for single-phase to three-phase conversion are proposed. The proposed topologies employ fewer semiconductors devices and generate high-quality output voltages. A suitable modification to achieve an active input current shaping feature is illustrated in detail. Analysis and simulation of the proposed schemes are carried out to show the high-performance features. Suitable guidelines for the selection of filter components and to facilitate circuit design are presented. Selected results are verified experimentally on laboratory prototype converters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cellular response after crush injury in adult zebrafish spinal cord (2010)

Zebrafish proves to be an excellent model system to study spinal cord regeneration because it can repair its disengaged axons and replace lost cells after injury, allowing the animal to make functional recovery. We have characterized injury response following crush injury, which is comparable to the mammalian mode of injury. Infiltrations of blood cells during early phases involve macrophages that are important in debris clearance and probably in suppression of inflammatory response. Unlike mammals where secondary injury mechanisms lead to apoptotic death of both neurons and glia, here we observe a beneficial role of apoptotic cell death. Injury-induced proliferation, presence of radial glia cells, and their role as progenitor all contribute to cellular replacement and successful neurogenesis after injury in adult zebrafish. Together with cell replacement phenomenon, there is creation of a permissive environment that includes the absence or clearance of myelin debris, presence of Schwann cells, and absence of inflammatory response.
The Constituents of Ecballium elaterium L. III. Elatericin A and B<sup>1,2</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Constituents of Ecballium elaterium L. III. Elatericin A and B1,2David Lavie and David WillnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 3, 710–714Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01536a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01536a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts