gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Managing AFS: The Andrew File System (1998)

Each chapter concludes with a Summary. 1. Architectural Overview. Beginnings. Benefits of AFS. Global Filesystems. Drawbacks. Other Sources of Information. 2. AFS Technology. Client Configuration. Reading Data. Writing Data. Server Configuration. Volume Management. Server Processes. Network Protocol. AFS Extras. 3. Setting Up an AFS Cell Preliminary Decisions. Hardware Requirements. Installation Overview. The Basic Overseer. File Services. Database Services. Server Machine Types. Adding More Machines. Ubik. Time Synchronization. 4. AFS Volumes and Files. Volume Operations. An Example Volume. Backup Volumes. Moving Volumes. The Volume Location Database. Replication. Client Path Preferences. Conventional Namespaces. Deleting Volumes. Querying the Databases. Suggested Practices. 5. Client Administration. Configuration. Cache Manager. Finding AFS Servers. Protocol Optimizations. Windows NT Clients. PC-Enterprise. Installing Clients and AFS Paths. Convenient Path Names. Set-User-Identifier Programs. Time Services. Messages. 6. Managing Users. Kerberos. AFS's Kerberos. User Databases. Setting Up a User Account. Kerberos and Passwords. Ticket Lifetimes. The uss Utility. 7. Using AFS. Authentication. Protection Data. Access Control Lists. Negative Rights. Groups and ACLs. More Group Management. Machine Groups. Volumes Revisited. Backup Volumes. Checking for Errors. AFS versus UNIX. Programming Issues. System Software. Using AFS on Windows NT. 8. Archiving Data. The Archive System. Volume Sets. Dump Levels. The Tape Coordinator. Tape Labels. Running the Dumps. Querying the Databases. Getting the Data Back. Automating Dumps. Saving the Backup Database. Common Strategies. Volume Dumps. AFS Database Archiving. Third-Party Software. Legato's Networker. IBM's ADSM. PDC's BudTool 9. More AFS Administration. Administrative Credentials. Server Management. Updating AFS Binaries. Job Notification. KeyFile Management. Changing the Cell Name. Database Servers. File Servers. Salvager Data. Networking Support. NFS-AFS Gateways. Administration Examples. E-Mail, NetNews, and the Web. Third-Party Software. Other Administration Tools. 10. Debugging Problems. File Server Performance. File Server Problems. Salvaging Files. Database Servers. Ubik Debugging. The scout Monitor. Afsmonitor. AIX Auditing. Client Debugging. Cache Problems. Disaster Recovery. Crashing. Version Control. Security Issues. 11. Large-Scale Management. Case Study: IBM. Case Study: Morgan Stanley. Case Study: University of Michigan. Case Study: Multiresident AFS. 12. Implementing AFS. The Business Case. An AFS Project. Operational Buy-In. Ongoing Work. AFS Futures. DCE and DFS. The Competition. 12. Appendix A: AFS Command Suite Bibliography. Index.
Temporal Dynamics of Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Insulin Signaling (2006)

The insulin-signaling network regulates blood glucose levels, controls metabolism, and when dysregulated, may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. Although the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in this network is clear, only a limited number of insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation sites have been identified. To address this issue and establish temporal response, we have, for the first time, carried out an extensive, quantitative, mass spectrometry-based analysis of tyrosine phosphorylation in response to insulin. The study was performed with 3T3-L1 adipocytes stimulated with insulin for 0, 5, 15, and 45 min. It has resulted in the identification and relative temporal quantification of 122 tyrosine phosphorylation sites on 89 proteins. Insulin treatment caused a change of at least 1.3-fold in tyrosine phosphorylation on 89 of these sites. Among the responsive sites, 20 were previously known to be tyrosine phosphorylated with insulin treatment, including sites on the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1. The remaining 69 responsive sites have not previously been shown to be altered by insulin treatment. They were on proteins with a wide variety of functions, including components of the trafficking machinery for the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4. These results show that insulin-elicited tyrosine phosphorylation is extensive and implicate a number of hitherto unrecognized proteins in insulin action.
Role of pumping statistics and dynamics of atomic polarization in quantum fluctuations of laser sources (1993)

We solve the problem of a laser with variable pumping statistics for any relative magnitude of the atomic- and cavity-decay constants, and obtain a different regime of sub-Poissonian light generation. We show that, even for Poissonian pumping, the noise in the amplitude quadrature outside the cavity can be reduced up to 50% below the shot-noise level when the polarization but not the populations can be adiabatically eliminated. Maximum noise reduction in this case is obtained when the lower level decays much faster than the upper one and occurs at a frequency given by the geometrical mean of the decay rates of the field and the lower-level population. Furthermore, the full consideration of atomic memory effects leads to a generalization of previous results on regularly pumped lasers. We find that, for regular pumping, maximum amplitude-noise reduction (up to complete quieting) still occurs at zero frequency in all cases. However, a long-living polarizaton leads to an increase in amplitude noise and may even eliminate the dip at zero frequency, at the same time leading to a significant quenching of the laser linewidth in the bad-cavity limit.
Analysis of Kalman filter in timing acquisition in data storage read channels (2005)

In data storage systems, the phase-locked loop (PLL) in timing recovery can be modeled as a Kalman filter. Goal of the acquisition stage is to estimate the initial phase and frequency disturbances. Kalman filter achieves linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimation, but it requires knowing the exact prior information. In practice, the prior information is not precisely known. In this paper we develop closed form expressions for the mean squared error (MSE) of phase and frequency estimation by Kalman filter with imprecise prior information. With them, we can quantitatively tell how much prior information mismatch can be tolerated.
The Evolution of Word Composition in Metazoan Promoter Sequence (2006)

The field of molecular evolution provides many examples of the principle that molecular differences between species contain information about evolutionary history. One surprising case can be found in the frequency of short words in DNA: more closely related species have more similar word compositions. Interest in this has often focused on its utility in deducing phylogenetic relationships. However, it is also of interest because of the opportunity it provides for studying the evolution of genome function. Word-frequency differences between species change too slowly to be purely the result of random mutational drift. Rather, their slow pattern of change reflects the direct or indirect action of purifying selection and the presence of functional constraints. Many such constraints are likely to exist, and an important challenge is to distinguish them. Here we develop a method to do so by isolating the effects acting at different word sizes. We apply our method to 2-, 4-, and 8-base-pair (bp) words across several classes of noncoding sequence. Our major result is that similarities in 8-bp word frequencies scale with evolutionary time for regions immediately upstream of genes. This association is present although weaker in intronic sequence, but cannot be detected in intergenic sequence using our method. In contrast, 2-bp and 4-bp word frequencies scale with time in all classes of noncoding sequence. These results suggest that different genomic processes are involved at different word sizes. The pattern in 2-bp and 4-bp words may be due to evolutionary changes in processes such as DNA replication and repair, as has been suggested before. The pattern in 8-bp words may reflect evolutionary changes in gene-regulatory machinery, such as changes in the frequencies of transcription-factor binding sites, or in the affinity of transcription factors for particular sequences.
&#x201C;MEMSEye&#x201D; for optical 3D tracking and imaging applications (2011)

We demonstrate a compact, low-power device which combines a laser source, a MEMS mirror, and photo-sensors to enable fast-motion tracking of an object in a 3D volume while obtaining its precise XYZ coordinates, as well as high resolution laser-based imaging. Any object can be tracked which is marked by retro-reflective tape, or a corner-cube retroreflector (CCR). Two separate subsystems which we termed “MEMSEyes” track the position of the object within a ∼40° field-of-view cone, allowing triangulation of the object's distance. A demonstration system running in a 40 kHz control loop is capable of human hand motion tracking and provides position information at up to 5m distance with 13-bit precision and repeatability. In another demonstration, a longer object is marked by two CCRs at its ends and the system measures its orientation in space with ∼0.1° precision by locating both ends (CCRs) in a time-multiplexed manner. When used in rastering mode, a single MEMSEye device can efficiently scan objects and 2D barcodes.
Determination of trace amounts of polydimethylsiloxane in extracts of chemicals by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1990)

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to determine trace amounts of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in plastics additives, dyes and pigments. An efficient Soxhlet extraction procedure using pentane is proposed. Accurate, quantitative results were achieved with samples containing siloxanes at the µg g–1 level. The quantification limit was found to be 0.1 µg g–1 of PDMS. This is the level at which acceptable recoveries were found.
Generation of 148-fs pulses in a spatially dispersed amplifier (2004)

We demonstrate amplification and compression of 110-nm broad spectra in a spatially dispersed amplifier for what is believed to be the first time and generate 14.8-fs pulses with 450 microJ of energy at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The amplifier concept is scalable in energy and allows for spectral shaping, which was demonstrated and compared with numerical simulations and showed excellent agreement.
Alternation of the Pd Lattice in Nano-Sized-Pd/ZrO2 Composite during Hydrogen Absorption (2007)

Structural analysis of high Deuterium absorbed 5 nm Pd particles in dispersed ZrO2 has been carried out using XAFS techniques. X‐ray absorption spectra around the Pd K‐absorption edge were observed and analyzed. The Pd–Pd bonding distance in the fcc Pd lattice was enlarged by 0.08 ∼ 0.09 Å during absorption of deuterium, and it completely reverted to its original state with the release of deuterium while maintaining the crystal lattice symmetry. These changes provide evidence that deuterium locates not on the surface of the Pd particle, but rather within the Pd crystal lattice. XANES spectra clearly indicate that any change in the oxidation state of Pd are not observed, resulting in no reaction of the absorbed Deuterium atoms with Pd atoms. This paper reports the alternation of Pd lattice in nano‐sized composite during hydrogen absorption. The possible models of deuterium position in the Pd lattice are also discussed.
A study of the quantitative formation of furfural from d-lyxose (1939)

Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 1939.
Ultrastructure of <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> MR-1 nanowires revealed by electron cryotomography (2018)

Significance Recent findings from in vivo fluorescence and immunolabeling measurements hinted at the possible role of outer membrane (OM) extensions as Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 nanowires. However, a detailed understanding of the architecture and electron transport mechanism along OM extensions was lacking. In this work, we report a unique setup for correlative light and electron microscopy of Shewanella OM extensions and demonstrate that they are chains of interconnected outer membrane vesicles with densities, consistent with periplasmic and OM cytochromes, distributed along their length. We propose, based on the packing density of cytochromes measured from electron cryotomograms, that the electron transport mechanism involves a combination of direct electron hopping and diffusion of electron carriers.
Biosynthesis of a major lipofuscin fluorophore in mice and humans with <i>ABCR</i> -mediated retinal and macular degeneration (2000)

Increased accumulation of lipofuscin in cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is seen in several forms of macular degeneration, a common cause of blindness in humans. A major fluorophore of lipofuscin is the toxic bis-retinoid, N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E). Previously, we generated mice with a knockout mutation in the abcr gene. This gene encodes rim protein (RmP), an ATP-binding cassette transporter in rod outer segments. Mice lacking RmP accumulate A2E in RPE cells at a greatly increased rate over controls. Here, we identify three precursors of A2E in ocular tissues from abcr-/- mice and humans with ABCR-mediated recessive macular degenerations. Our results corroborate the scheme proposed by C. A. Parish, M. Hashimoto, K. Nakanishi, J. Dillon & J. Sparrow [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1998) 95, 14609-14613], for the biosynthesis of A2E: (i) condensation of all-trans-retinaldehyde (all-trans-RAL) with phosphatidylethanolamine to form a Schiff base; (ii) condensation of the amine product with a second all-trans-RAL to form a bis-retinoid; (iii) oxidation to yield a pyridinium salt; and (iv) hydrolysis of the phosphate ester to yield A2E. The latter two reactions probably occur within RPE phagolysosomes. As predicted by this model, formation of A2E was completely inhibited when abcr-/- mice were raised in total darkness. Also, once formed, A2E was not eliminated by the RPE. These data suggest that humans with retinal or macular degeneration caused by loss of RmP function may slow progression of their disease by limiting exposure to light. The precursors of A2E identified in this study may represent pharmacological targets for the treatment of ABCR-mediated macular degeneration.
ViZDoom Competitions: Playing <i>Doom</i> From Pixels (2018)

This paper presents the first two editions of Visual Doom AI Competition, held in 2016 and 2017. The challenge was to create bots that compete in a multiplayer deathmatch in a first-person shooter game Doom. The bots had to make their decisions solely based on visual information, i.e., a raw screen buffer. To play well, the bots needed to understand their surroundings, navigate, explore, and handle the opponents at the same time. These aspects, together with the competitive multiagent aspect of the game, make the competition a unique platform for evaluating the state-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithms. This paper discusses the rules, solutions, results, and statistics that give insight into the agents' behaviors. Best performing agents are described in more detail. The results of the competition lead to the conclusion that, although reinforcement learning can produce capable Doom bots, they still are not yet able to successfully compete against humans in this game. This paper also revisits the ViZDoom environment, which is a flexible, easy to use, and efficient three-dimensional platform for research for vision-based reinforcement learning, based on a well-recognized first-person perspective game Doom.
Anisotropy of the Hot-Electron Problem in Semiconductors with Spheroidal Energy Surfaces (1956)

Energy gain for electrons in many-valley semiconductors for any orientation of electric field is determined. The anisotropy of the hot electron problem is characterized for conditions appropriate at low temperatures where noncollective behavior of the spheroidal surfaces prevails; it is expected that germanium and silicon will not generally exhibit pronounced anisotropy. Electrons ought to accelerate most readily in the [110] and [211] directions of the former element and in the [100] and [110] of the latter. Anisotropy of the collision time in germanium is shown not to affect the optimal energy gain directions in the limit of ${K}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ (${K}^{\ensuremath{'}}=\mathrm{ratio}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{longitudinal}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{transverse}\mathrm{collision}\mathrm{frequencies}$), but ${K}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ might produce a shift. The possible observation of the individual drift of injected electron pulses in the Haynes-Shockley experiment is discussed.
A Decentralized Batch-Based Group Key Management Protocol for Mobile Internet of Things (DBGK) (2015)

It is anticipated that constrained devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) will often operate in groups to achieve collective monitoring or management tasks. For sensitive and mission-critical sensing tasks, securing multicast applications is therefore highly desirable. To secure group communications, several group key management protocols have been introduced. However, the majority of the proposed solutions are not adapted to the IoT and its strong processing, storage, and energy constraints. In this context, we introduce a novel decentralized and batch-based group key management protocol to secure multicast communications. Our protocol is simple and it reduces the rekeying overhead triggered by membership changes in dynamic and mobile groups and guarantees both backward and forward secrecy. To assess our protocol, we conduct a detailed analysis with respect to its communication and storage costs. This analysis is validated through simulation to highlight energy gains. The obtained results show that our protocol outperforms its peers with respect to the rekeying overhead and the mobility of members.
A Web-based Tagging Tool for Organizing Personal Documents on PCs (2008)

Most desktop computer operating systems provide hierarchical folder mechanisms for managing electronic content, therefore hierarchies still dominate digital information management on PCs. Under certain circumstances, the properties of a folder system make it hard to locate and find specific files stored deep within a hierarchy, therefore researchers are currently studying new mechanisms for file storage, organization, and retrieval. Recently, non-exclusive and flat-network tagging mechanisms have gained popularity for managing online information and files. In this paper we discuss memory theories from cognitive psychology and their potential use in the form of tagging mechanisms for storing and retrieving personal information. Next, we propose a webbased file-tagging tool that allows users to manage files stored on their PCs from remote computers or mobile devices and describe an experiment designed to compare it with a traditional hierarchical folder system.
An Efficient Implementation of Edmonds' Algorithm for Maximum Matching on Graphs ; CU-CS-062-75 (1975)

A matching on a graph is a set of edges, no two of which shared a vertex. A maximum matching contains the greatest number of edges possible. This paper presents an efficient implementation of Edmondsâ algorithm for finding a maximum matching. The computation time is proportional to V^3, where V is the number of vertices; previous implementation of Edmondsâ algorithm have computation time proportional to V^4. The implementation is based on a system of labels that encodes the structure of alternating paths.
Development of erythroid and myeloid progenitors in the yolk sac and embryo proper of the mouse (1999)

In this study, we have mapped the onset of hematopoietic development in the mouse embryo using colony-forming progenitor assays and PCR-based gene expression analysis. With this approach, we demonstrate that commitment of embryonic cells to hematopoietic fates begins in proximal regions of the egg cylinder at the mid-primitive streak stage (E7.0) with the simultaneous appearance of primitive erythroid and macrophage progenitors. Development of these progenitors was associated with the expression of SCL/tal-1 and GATA-1, genes known to be involved in the development and maturation of the hematopoietic system. Kinetic analysis revealed the transient nature of the primitive erythroid lineage, as progenitors increased in number in the developing yolk sac until early somite-pair stages of development (E8.25) and then declined sharply to undetectable levels by 20 somite pairs (E9.0). Primitive erythroid progenitors were not detected in any other tissue at any stage of embryonic development. The early wave of primitive erythropoiesis was followed by the appearance of definitive erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) that were first detectable at 1-7 somite pairs (E8.25) exclusively within the yolk sac. The appearance of BFU-E was followed by the development of later stage definitive erythroid (CFU-E), mast cell and bipotential granulocyte/macrophage progenitors in the yolk sac. C-myb, a gene essential for definitive hematopoiesis, was expressed at low levels in the yolk sac just prior to and during the early development of these definitive erythroid progenitors. All hematopoietic activity was localized to the yolk sac until circulation was established (E8.5) at which time progenitors from all lineages were detected in the bloodstream and subsequently in the fetal liver following its development. This pattern of development suggests that definitive hematopoietic progenitors arise in the yolk sac, migrate through the bloodstream and seed the fetal liver to rapidly initiate the first phase of intraembryonic hematopoiesis. Together, these findings demonstrate that commitment to hematopoietic fates begins in early gastrulation, that the yolk sac is the only site of primitive erythropoiesis and that the yolk sac serves as the first source of definitive hematopoietic progenitors during embryonic development.
Room-temperature contactless electromodulation investigation of wafer-sized quantum well laser structures (1996)

This paper reviews the use of the contactless electromodulation spectroscopy methods of photoreflectance and contactless electroreflectance for the nondestructive, room temperature investigation of wafer-scale single or multiquantum well laser structures including 0.98 micrometer InGaAs/GaAs/GaAlAs (graded index separate confinement heterostructure), 1.3 micrometer InGaAsP/InP, 0.98 micrometer InGaAs/GaAs/InGaP and 0.65 micrometer InGaP/AlInP/AlGaInP planar as well as InGaAs/GaAs/GaAlAs and GaAs/GaAlAs vertical cavity emitting samples.
Ultra-low-mass flexible planar solar arrays using 50-micron-thick solar cells (1978)

A conceptual design study has been completed which has shown the feasibility of ultra-low-mass planar solar arrays with specific power of 200 watts/kilogram. The beginning of life (BOL) power output of the array designs would be 10 kW at 1 astronomical unit (AU) and a 55C deg operating temperature. Two designs were studied: a retractable rollout design and a non-retractable fold-out. The designs employed a flexible low-mass blanket and low-mass structures. The blanket utilized 2 x 2 cm high-efficiency (13.5% at 28C deg AM0), ultra-thin (50 micron), silicon solar cells protected by thin (75 micron) plastic encapsulants. The structural design utilized the 'V'-stiffened approach which allows a lower mass boom to be used. In conjunction with the conceptual design, modules using the thin cells and plastic encapsulant were designed and fabricated.