gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excessive Transcription of the Human Serum and Glucocorticoid Dependent Kinase hSGK1 in Lung Fibrosis (2002)

The excessive matrix deposition in lung fibrosis is thought to be due to enhanced formation and activity of TGFbeta1, which stimulates synthesis and inhibits degradation of matrix proteins. The cellular mechanisms triggered by TGFbeta1 are still incompletely understood. Recently, a novel transcriptional target of TGFbeta1 has been identified, i.e. the human serum and glucocorticoid dependent kinase hSGK1. The present study has been performed to explore whether TGFbeta1 stimulates hSGK1 transcription in lung fibroblasts and whether lung fibrosis is associated with enhanced hSGK1 expression. As evident from Northern Blotting, TGFbeta1 strongly upregulates hSGK1 in human lung fibroblasts, an effect partially reversed by p38-kinase inhibitor SB203580. In situ hybridization experiments reveal that in intact lung tissue hSGK1 is expressed in single type II alveolar pneumocytes and macrophages. In contrast, in fibrotic lung tissue a dramatic upregulation of hSGK1 mRNA as well as a strong expression of hSGK1 protein is observed in epithelial cells and interstitial cells comprising macrophages and fibroblasts. In conclusion, in lung fibrosis, the serine/threonine kinase hSGK1 is upregulated, an effect at least partially accounted for by TGFbeta1. The full effect of TGFbeta1 requires the activation of p38 kinase.
<title>Feedback in track fusion without process noise</title> (1995)

Track fusion is one of the algorithm architectures for tracking multiple targets with data from multiple sensors. In track fusion for example, sensor-level tracks can be combined to form global-level tracks that are based on data from all the sensors. These multiple sensor, global- level tracks can then be fed back to the sensor-level trackers to reduce the data association errors. The global tracks, however, are cross-correlated with the sensor-level tracks. A method is needed to take this track-to-track cross-correlation into account. This cross- correlation of the global and sensor tracks must be considered when providing the global tracks to the sensor trackers as well as when providing the sensor tracks to the global tracker. Even without process noise, the global and sensor tracks are cross-correlated because they are based on common data. With feedback, both the global tracks and the tracks from each sensor are based on prior data from not only the sensor itself, but also the other sensors. This paper presents a method for dealing with the cross-correlations of the tracks in track fusion for feeding back the global level tracks. New methods have been recently developed for track fusion without process noise. These new methods address track fusion without feedback of global-level tracks to the lower levels. Application of these new methods are employed in this paper to deal with the complex cross-correlations involved when global tracks are fed back to the sensor-level trackers.
Solubilization and purification of the lutropin (LH) receptor from porcine testes (1988)

The LH receptor was solubilized from porcine testis homogenates by different detergents. Non-ionic detergents appeared to be the best ones regarding solubilization yield and recovery of active receptor after elution from hCG affinity gels. However, the final yield was not greater than 1-2% of the starting receptor activity. We also investigated the effect of added phospholipids (75% phosphatidylcholine + 25% phosphatidylethanolamine) on the yield of the overall purification process. It was shown that the best p value [i.e. the ratio of (detergent concentration - critical micellar concentration) to phospholipids] upon solubilization was congruent to 1.1 for a non-ionic detergent such as Nonidet P-40, while a higher p value was better upon elution. The stability of the solubilized receptor versus pH and SDS has been studied. The receptor exhibited two pKa's of denaturation congruent to 3.8 and 11.1, while the [125I]hCG-receptor complex dissociated with a pKa congruent to 3.8 and 10.3 SDS concentrations as low as 0.05% denatured rapidly and apparently, irreversibly, the solubilized LH receptor. The stability of different affinity gels was checked and it was found that the best yield for receptor elution (congruent to 10%) was obtained with an immunoaffinity anti-hCG support. The obtention of two monoclonal antibodies is mentioned, as well as their competition with the binding of [125I]pLH to testis homogenates.
La creación de los Comités de Auditoría en las Cajas de Ahorros españolas (2007)

Documento de Trabajo 17/07 perteneciente a la coleccion de documentos de trabajo Nuevas Tendencias en Direccion de Empresas, dentro del Master en Investigacion en Economia y Empresa.
Lateral control of an autonomous road vehicle in a simulated highway environment using adaptive resonance neural networks (2003)

Lateral control of a simulated vehicle in a simulated highway driving environment is explored. Three modules are used: a driving simulator, a visual preprocessor, and a neural network. Once trained, the networks control the trajectory of the vehicle by accessing a steering decision for implementation at each timestep in response to a visual encoding of an image generated at the previous timestep. The paper presents the development of the three system modules, the creation of training sets, and computational results. Neural network performances are gauged by a number of procedures. Excellent results are achieved for straight roads and curved roads under a variety of initial conditions on the vehicle.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Watt-level Nanosecond 589 nm Source by SHG of a Cascaded Raman Amplifier (2016)

We present a power-scalable nanosecond source operating at 589 nm by frequency-doubling a cascaded Raman amplifier that is pulse-pumped by an ytterbium-fiber master oscillator power amplifier system and seeded with a narrow linewidth CW signal.
Lightweight 4over6: An Extension to the DS-Lite Architecture (2013)

DS-Lite [RFC6333] describes an architecture for transporting IPv4
packets over an IPv6 network. This document specifies an extension to
DS-Lite called Lightweight 4over6 which moves the Network Address
Translation function from the DS-Lite AFTR to the B4, removing the
requirement for a Carrier Grade NAT function in the AFTR. This reduces
the amount of centralized state that must be held to a per- subscriber
level. In order to delegate the NAPT function and make IPv4 Address
sharing possible, port-restricted IPv4 addresses are allocated to the
B4s.
Time domain and frequency domain conditions for strict positive realness (1988)

The author states various time-domain and frequency-domain conditions pertaining to multivariate strict positive real systems and establishes the relationship between these conditions. Their relationship is clarified by means of a three-tier diagram; each tier represents a set of equivalent conditions successively stronger than the lower tier. The main theorem in the present study can be considered as the positive realness lemma for strictly positive real systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural Model of Eumelanin (2006)

Melanin is a ubiquitous pigment in living organisms with multiple important functions, yet its structure is not well understood. We propose a structural model for eumelanin protomolecules, consisting of 4 or 5 of the basic molecular units (hydroquinone, indolequinone, and its tautomers), in arrangements that contain an inner porphyrin ring. We use time-dependent density functional theory to calculate the optical absorption spectrum of the structural model, which reproduces convincingly the main features of the experimental spectrum of eumelanin. Our model also reproduces accurately other important properties of eumelanin, including x-ray scattering data, its ability to capture and release metal ions, and the characteristic size of the protomolecules.
Purification, Enzymatic Characterization, and Inhibition of theZ-Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2001)

We have recently shown that open reading frame Rv1086 of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv genome sequence encodes a unique isoprenyl diphosphate synthase. The product of this enzyme, omega,E,Z-farnesyl diphosphate, is an intermediate for the synthesis of decaprenyl phosphate, which has a central role in the biosynthesis of most features of the mycobacterial cell wall, including peptidoglycan, arabinan, linker unit galactan, and lipoarabinomannan. We have now purified Z-farnesyl diphosphate synthase to near homogeneity using a novel mycobacterial expression system. Z-Farnesyl diphosphate synthase catalyzed the addition of isopentenyl diphosphate to omega,E-geranyl diphosphate or omega,Z-neryl diphosphate yielding omega,E,Z-farnesyl diphosphate and omega,Z,Z-farnesyl diphosphate, respectively. The enzyme has an absolute requirement for a divalent cation, an optimal pH range of 7-8, and K(m) values of 124 micrometer for isopentenyl diphosphate, 38 micrometer for geranyl diphosphate, and 16 micrometer for neryl diphosphate. Inhibitors of the Z-farnesyl diphosphate synthase were designed and chemically synthesized as stable analogs of omega,E-geranyl diphosphate in which the labile diphosphate moiety was replaced with stable moieties. Studies with these compounds revealed that the active site of Z-farnesyl diphosphate synthase differs substantially from E-farnesyl diphosphate synthase from pig brain (Sus scrofa).
Weighted Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve and Its Application to Gene Selection (2020)

Partial area under the ROC curve (PAUC) has been proposed for gene selection in Pepe et al. (2003) and thereafter applied in real data analysis. It was noticed from empirical studies that this measure has several key weaknesses, such as an inability to reflect nonuniform weighting of different decision thresholds, resulting in large numbers of ties. We propose the weighted area under the ROC curve (WAUC) in this paper to address the problems associated with PAUC. Our proposed measure enjoys a greater flexibility to describe the discrimination accuracy of genes. Nonparametric and parametric estimation methods are introduced, including PAUC as a special case, along with theoretical properties of the estimators. We also provide a simple variance formula, yielding a novel variance estimator for nonparametric estimation of PAUC, which has proven challenging in previous work. The proposed methods permit sensitivity analyses, whereby the impact of differing weight functions on gene rankings may be assessed and results may be synthesized across weights. Simulations and re-analysis of two well-known microarray datasets illustrate the practical utility of WAUC.
Benzotriazole-assisted synthesis of α-acylaminonitriles and a conceptually novel method for peptide elongation (1990)

A general method for the synthesis of α-acylamino nitriles is reported. Initially, the adducts resulting from Mannich-type condensation of benzotriazole with an aldehyde and an amide are prepared. These undergo elimination of benzotriazole with cyanide to give α-arylamino nitriles in high yields. Subsequent hydrolysis of the nitrile function to the di-amides, followed by a repetition of the cyanoalkylation sequence, constitutes a novel method for the elongation of peptides.
Fault Tolerant ICAP Controller for High-Reliable Internal Scrubbing (2008)

High reliable reconfigurable applications today require system platforms that can easily and quickly detect and correct single event upsets. This capability, however, can be costly for FPGAs. This paper demonstrates a technique for detecting and repairing SEUs within the configuration memory of a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA using the ICAP interface. The internal configuration access port (ICAP) provides a port internal to the FPGA for configuring the FPGA device. An application note demonstrates how this port can be used for both error injection and scrubbing (L. Jones, 2007). We have extended this work to create a fault tolerant ICAP scrubber by triplicating the internal ICAP circuit using TMR and block memory scrubbing. This paper will describe the costs, benefits, and reliability of this fault-tolerant ICAP controller.
Class AB CMOS Operational Amplifiers with Very High Efficiency (1989)

A new, simple, yet very current efficient class AB amplifier principle is presented. When used as a differential input stage it features a settling time which is independent of the input signal, and a current efficiency superior to that of any conventional OTA. The same class AB stage can also be used as an output stage with a rail to rail output voltage swing, and a large drive capability. An amplifier with both input and output stages based on this new principle is presented. This amplifier features a gain bandwidth of 310 kHz and a settling time to 0.1% of 2.4 μs. It can drive a resistive load of 2500 Ohm in parallel with a capacitive load of 400 pF when operated on a 2.5 V/-2.5 V power supply, with a quiescent power consumption of only 285 μW.
Distinct gene subsets are induced at different time points after human respiratory syncytial virus infection of A549 cells (2007)

cDNA microarray technology was applied to time course analysis of differentially expressed genes in A549 cells following human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection. Both up- and down-regulation of cellular genes were observed in a time-dependent manner. However, gene up-regulation prevailed over gene down-regulation. Virus infectivity was required as UV-inactivated virus failed to up-regulate/down-regulate those genes. At early times post-infection (0-6 h p.i.) 85 genes were up-regulated. Some of those genes were involved in cell growth/proliferation, cellular protein metabolism and cytoskeleton organization. Among the most strongly up-regulated genes at that time were the urokinase plasminogen activator (PLAU) and its receptor (PLAUR), a pleiotropic system involved in many biological processes, including chemotaxis and inflammation. Functionally related genes encoding the alpha- and beta-chains of several integrins were also up-regulated within the first 12 h of infection. Genes up-regulated between 6 and 12 h p.i. included interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), genes related to oxidative stress and genes of the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway. At later times, genes involved in the immune response became predominant among the up-regulated genes, most of them being ISGs. Different up-regulation kinetics of cytokine and cytokine-signalling-related genes were also observed. These results highlight the dynamic interplay between the virus and the host cell and provide a general picture of changes in cellular gene expression along the HRSV replicative cycle.
The Effect of Boron Substitution in Carbon on the Intercalation of Lithium in Li x  (  B  z  C 1 − z  ) 6 (1994)

Boron‐substituted carbons, , have been produced by chemical vapor deposition from benzene and boron trichloride precursors at 900°C. The voltage and reversible capacity of cells were measured for the range of boron concentrations . These cells show an increase in voltage for a given lithium concentration compared to that in a cell with a pure carbon anode (i.e., petroleum coke, graphite, etc.). In addition, all cells for showed greater reversible capacities than Li/coke cells, and for the capacities exceeded that of graphite. For example, for the reversible specific capacity was 437 mAh/g. This behavior is understood by treating boron as an electron acceptor in the carbon lattice. These materials appear to be promising candidates for anodes in lithium ion rechargeable batteries.
Myths and Facts About Side Rails (2001)

Karen A. Talerico is an assistant professor and scientist in the Department of Population-Based Nursing at Oregon Health and Sciences University in Portland. Elizabeth Capezuti is an associate professor and the Independence Foundation-Wesley Woods Chair of Gerontologic Nursing at Emory University's Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing in Atlanta.
Dissolving pulp industry : market trends (1993)

This report presents a worldwide overview of the dissolving pulp industry and highlights of this industry in Alaska. It describes trends in world markets and major end-use markets, with special emphasis on the manufacture and use of textile fibers in the United States. Figures and tables present data on production, consumption, and trade of dissolving pulp and the cellulosic fibers-rayon and acetate-produced from it. Data are also given on the production and use of competing natural and synthetic fibers, such as cotton, silk, nylon, and polyester.
Methods for Segmentation and Classification of Digital Microscopy Tissue Images (2019)

High-resolution microscopy images of tissue specimens provide detailed information about the morphology of normal and diseased tissue. Image analysis of tissue morphology can help cancer researchers develop a better understanding of cancer biology. Segmentation of nuclei and classification of tissue images are two common tasks in tissue image analysis. Development of accurate and efficient algorithms for these tasks is a challenging problem because of the complexity of tissue morphology and tumor heterogeneity. In this paper we present two computer algorithms; one designed for segmentation of nuclei and the other for classification of whole slide tissue images. The segmentation algorithm implements a multiscale deep residual aggregation network to accurately segment nuclear material and then separate clumped nuclei into individual nuclei. The classification algorithm initially carries out patch-level classification via a deep learning method, then patch-level statistical and morphological features are used as input to a random forest regression model for whole slide image classification. The segmentation and classification algorithms were evaluated in the MICCAI 2017 Digital Pathology challenge. The segmentation algorithm achieved an accuracy score of 0.78. The classification algorithm achieved an accuracy score of 0.81. These scores were the highest in the challenge.
Studies of Alicyclic a-Amino Acids. II. Synthesis and Unequivocal Assignment of Stereochemistry of 1-Amino-<I>trans</I>-and <I>cis</I>-4-hydroxycyclohexane-l-carboxylic Acids (1973)

Stereospecific synthesis of isomeric 4-benzoyloxycyclohexane-spiro-5'-hydrantoins from 4-benzoyloxycyclohexanone was achieved via the Bucherer hydantoin synthesis and the Strecker cyanate route. Subsequent hydrolysis of both hydantoins resulted in the formation of 1-amino-trans- and cis-4-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acids. The stereochemistry of both amino acids was established unequivocally bythe transforma, -tion of phthalimide of the cis-amino acid to the corresponding lactone. Thus, it is concluded that while the Strecker synthesis leads to the exclusive formation of the cis-amino acid, the Bucherer synthesis gives the trans-amino acid predominantly. The present result provides chemical evidence for the stereochemistry of 1-amino-4-alkylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acids which have been assigned ambiguously. Physicochemical data of pairs of isomeric 4-substituted amino acids and their derivatives are also summarized.
Microscopic Textures of Micellar Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (1987)

Abstract Cholesteric Phases of Micellar solutions consisting of potassium laurate (KL), l-de-canol and D2O were studied as a function of the concentration of a chiral additive, brucine sulfate (BS). The molar ratio of decanol to KL was kept constant at 0.36:1, while the molar ratio of BS to KL was varied from zero to 0.016:l. The D2O concentration was kept near 67% by weight. Microscopic observations of the textures and phase transitions were made on thin films. The phase diagram shows three different cholesteric phases, including a biaxial cholesteric phase. Reentrant cholesteric phases occur in a small concentration range. The transitions between the different cholesteric phases appear sharp but continuous. A new type of a cholesteric texture was found in the biaxial range. The texture seems to have a multiple twist and a three dimensional periodicity in the micellar alignment.
Magnesium diboride superconducting RF resonant cavities for high energy particle acceleration (2004)

Arguments in support of any particular superconducting coating must be framed in terms of its fundamental thermodynamic properties. The superconducting transition temperature, Tc, determines the surface resistance, and thus the Q of the cavity. This must remain sufficiently high that the system can be driven at the required field gradients and frequencies without leading to excessive power loss. In this regard the 39 K Tc of MgB2 is advantageous. With an anticipated maximum accelerating field, EaccMAX, of 77 MV m−1 and a BCS surface resistance, RsBCS (4 K, 500 MHz), of 2.5 n Ω as discussed later, MgB2 represents an interesting possibility as a coating for SRF cavities. In addition, the higher Hc2 of MgB2 than Nb results in a slightly lower estimated trapped flux sensitivity. Recent measurements of an MgB2 film at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) have shown an RF surface resistance lower than that of Nb at 4 K, which is proof-of-principle evidence of the attractiveness of MgB2. Our calculations are based conservatively on 4 K operation at 500 MHz. However, with a Tc of 39 K, MgB2-coated cavities should be less susceptible to thermal breakdown than low-Tc ones. Superconducting materials for use at GHz frequencies at voltage gradients >40 MV m−1, a recently cited target, will require both low Rs (high Tc) and high Hsh values. With a Tc of 39 K, MgB2 clearly has the potential to reduce RsBCS if the films are well prepared and free from defects and particles. Additionally, while the Hc1 for MgB2 is relatively low, the superheating critical field, Hsh, is higher than that of Nb. Currently, there is some debate about the exact roles of Hc1 and Hsh in the determination of Eacc limits. However, the higher values of Hsh for MgB2 do suggest the possibility of enhanced Eacc values. The exact roles of Hc1 and Hsh should be further investigated. Techniques exist that may enable cavity-like structures to be internally coated with a MgB2 film.
A Study Towards Total Synthesis of Antibiotic Agrocin 84 (1997)

Abstract A versatile synthetic route to compound 2 - an analog of the naturally occurring bacteriocin Agrocin 84 is described.
Femoral Tunnel Malposition in ACL Revision Reconstruction (2012)

The Multicenter Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Revision Study (MARS) group was formed to study a large cohort of revision ACL reconstruction patients. The purpose of this subset analysis study of the MARS database is to describe specific details of femoral tunnel malposition and subsequent management strategies that surgeons chose in the revision setting. The design of this study is a case series. The multicenter MARS database is compiled from a questionnaire regarding 460 ACL reconstruction revision cases returned by 87 surgeons. This subset analysis described technical aspects and operative findings in specifically those cases in which femoral tunnel malposition was cited as the cause of primary ACL reconstruction failure. Of the 460 revisions included for study, 276 (60%) cases cited a specific "technical cause of failure." Femoral tunnel malposition was cited in 219 (47.6%) of 460 cases. Femoral tunnel malposition was cited as the only cause of failure in 117 cases (25.4%). Surgeons judged the femoral tunnel too vertical in 42 cases (35.9%), too anterior in 35 cases (29.9%), and too vertical and anterior in 31 cases (26.5%). Revision reconstruction involved the drilling of an entirely new femoral tunnel in 91 cases (82.1%). For primary reconstruction, autograft tissue was used in 82 cases (70.1%). For revision reconstruction, autograft tissue was used in 61 cases (52.1%) and allograft tissue in 56 cases (47.9%). Femoral tunnel malposition in primary ACL reconstruction was the most commonly cited reason for graft failure in this cohort. Graft selection is widely variable among surgeons.