gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Code-Grouping of Spectrally Phase Encoded OCDMA based on Walsh-Decomposition of Hadamard Codes (2006)

We propose a novel optical networking concept enabling the routing of groups of spectrally phase encoded (SPE) optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) signals. This code grouping is based on particular properties of the Hadamard sequences, i.e. the existence of a multiplicative basis based on Walsh sequences. We describe here how this code grouping concept permits groups of SPE codes to be passively "labeled" and routed as groups on the basis of those labels and provide simulation results demonstrating the process. The ability to deal with groups of codes has important implications for routing and for the overall signal obscurity provided by OCDMA.
Dietary unsaturated fatty acids affect antibody responses and growth of chickens divergently selected for humoral responses to sheep red blood cells (1997)

The effect of linoleic and linolenic acid on antibody (Ab) responses to SRBC and BSA and on growth performance were studied in pullets of three genetically different laying lines. Pullets were fed one of three diets: a control diet, a linoleic acid-enriched diet, or a linolenic acid enriched-diet. The linoleic and linolenic acid enriched-diets were the control diet enriched with either sunflower oil or linseed oil. Two chicken lines divergently selected for high (H) and low (L) Ab responses to SRBC, and a randombred control (C) line were used. Total Ab responses to SRBC were not affected by diet, but in the H line a tendency for higher IgG titers to SRBC after primary immunization were found when birds were fed the linoleic diet. The humoral response to BSA was significantly affected by a line by immunization by diet interaction. In the H line birds, the linoleic diet significantly enhanced Ab titers to BSA as compared to the normal diet and linolenic acid-enriched diet. The linolenic acid-enriched diet significantly decreased Ab titers to BSA in the C line birds. No dietary effects on the titer to BSA were found in the L line birds. During the first 3 wk of life, the linolenic acid-enriched diet resulted in reduced BW gain of H line birds. After that period, no effects of diet on BW gain was found. It is concluded that modulation of Ab responses of poultry to T cell-dependent antigens by essential fatty acids is affected by genotype. The relationship between magnitude of Ab responsiveness, BW, and essential fatty acids is discussed.
Oxidative Cross-linking of Tryptophan to Glycine Restrains Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity (2004)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) function in homeostatic and repair processes, but unregulated catalysis by these extracellular proteinases leads to the pathological destruction of tissue proteins. An important mechanism for controlling enzyme activity might involve hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent oxidant produced by the myeloperoxidase system of phagocytes. We have shown that inactivation of MMP-7 (matrilysin) by HOCl coincides with the formation of a novel oxidation product, WG-4, through modification of adjacent tryptophan and glycine residues and loss of 4 atomic mass units. Here, we use mass spectrometry, UV/visible spectroscopy, hydrogen-deuterium exchange, and NMR spectroscopy to investigate the formation and structure of WG-4. For the initial step, HOCl chlorinates the indole ring of tryptophan. The resulting 3-chloroindolenine generates a previously unknown cyclic indole-amide species, in which tryptophan cross-links to the main chain nitrogen of the adjacent glycine residue to form an aromatic six-membered ring. WG-4 kinks and stiffens the peptide backbone, which may hinder the interaction of substrate with the catalytic pocket of MMP-7. Our observations indicate that specific structural motifs are important for controlling protein modification by oxidants and suggest that pericellular oxidant production by phagocytes might limit MMP activity during inflammation.
Characterization of Polypyridine-graft-PEG Copolymer at Interface (2006)

ポリエチレングリコール (PEG) の特性を活かし, タンパク質吸着を抑制する生体適合性表面を構築するため, 金基盤表面にPEGブラシ界面を作成するための分子設計, そのブラシ密度の制御と最適化を行った。従来, メルカプト基による単点型の金修飾では大気中室温下, 分子修飾表面の劣化による機能低下が解決すべき問題であった。そこで, ピリジン (Py) ユニットの多点吸着によって長期安定な金基板修飾を可能とするPy-PEGグラフト共重合体を合成した。高分子はメタクリロイルPEGマクロモノマーとメタクリロイルピリジンモノマーとの共重合比を任意に変化させた共重合体を合成し, PEGブラシ界面構築の最適化を行った。また, 界面物性は本グラフト共重合体の有する親水-疎水の両親媒バラジスぼよって決定されるため, ミセル形成能力などの溶液物性との相関を調べた。
Multi-purpose SLM-light-sheet microscope (2018)

By integrating a phase-only Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) into the illumination arm of a cylindrical-lens-based Selective Plane Illumination Microscope (SPIM), we have created a versatile system able to deliver high quality images by operating in a wide variety of different imaging modalities. When placed in a Fourier plane, the SLM permits modulation of the microscope’s light-sheet to implement imaging techniques such as structured illumination, tiling, pivoting, autofocusing and pencil beam scanning. Previous publications on dedicated microscope setups have shown how these techniques can deliver improved image quality by rejecting out-of-focus light (structured illumination and pencil beam scanning), reducing shadowing (light-sheet pivoting), and obtaining a more uniform illumination by moving the highest-resolution region of the light-sheet across the imaging Field of View (tiling). Our SLM-SPIM configuration is easy to build and use, and has been designed to allow all of these techniques to be employed on an easily reconfigurable optical setup, compatible with the OpenSPIM design. It offers the possibility to choose between three different light-sheets, in thickness and height, which can be selected according to the characteristics of the sample and the imaging technique to be applied. We demonstrate the flexibility and performance of the system with results obtained by applying a variety of different imaging techniques on samples of fluorescent beads, zebrafish embryos, and optically cleared whole mouse brain samples. Thus our approach allows easy implementation of advanced imaging techniques while retaining the simplicity of a cylindrical-lens-based light-sheet microscope.
Specific interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting bacteria: as revealed by different combinations (2008)

The interactions between two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR, Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 and Paenibacillus brasilensis PB177), two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices) and one pathogenic fungus (Microdochium nivale) were investigated on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cultivar Tarso) in a greenhouse trial. PB177, but not SBW25, had strong inhibitory effects on M. nivale in dual culture plate assays. The results from the greenhouse experiment show very specific interactions; for example, the two AM fungi react differently when interacting with the same bacteria on plants. Glomus intraradices (single inoculation or together with SBW25) increased plant dry weight on M. nivale-infested plants, suggesting that the pathogenic fungus is counteracted by G. intraradices, but PB177 inhibited this positive effect. This is an example of two completely different reactions between the same AM fungus and two species of bacteria, previously known to enhance plant growth and inhibit pathogens. When searching for plant growth-promoting microorganisms, it is therefore important to test for the most suitable combination of plant, bacteria and fungi in order to achieve satisfactory plant growth benefits.
Is Non-Homologous End-Joining Really an Inherently Error-Prone Process? (2014)

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are harmful lesions leading to genomic instability or diversity. Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) is a prominent DSB repair pathway, which has long been considered to be error-prone. However, recent data have pointed to the intrinsic precision of NHEJ. Three reasons can account for the apparent fallibility of NHEJ: 1) the existence of a highly error-prone alternative end-joining process; 2) the adaptability of canonical C-NHEJ (Ku- and Xrcc4/ligase IV-dependent) to imperfect complementary ends; and 3) the requirement to first process chemically incompatible DNA ends that cannot be ligated directly. Thus, C-NHEJ is conservative but adaptable, and the accuracy of the repair is dictated by the structure of the DNA ends rather than by the C-NHEJ machinery. We present data from different organisms that describe the conservative/versatile properties of C-NHEJ. The advantages of the adaptability/versatility of C-NHEJ are discussed for the development of the immune repertoire and the resistance to ionizing radiation, especially at low doses, and for targeted genome manipulation.
Antitumor Activity of a Recombinant Soluble Ectodomain of Mutant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-2 IIIc (2011)

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway is a recognized target of cancer therapy. We have developed a strong inhibitor (S252W mutant soluble ectodomain of FGF recptor-2 IIIc, msFGFR2) that binds FGFs and blocks the activation of FGFRs. Thermodynamic binding studies indicated that msFGFR2 bound FGF-2 16.9 times as strongly as wild-type soluble FGFR2IIIc ectodomain (wsFGFR2). It successfully suppressed the growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis of two tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo, and it potently inhibited cancer cell proliferation but not normal cell proliferation. Therefore, msFGFR2 is a useful probe for FGF-dependent signaling pathways and a potential broad-spectrum antitumor agent.
Comparison of downlink transmit diversity schemes for RAKE and SINR maximizing receivers (2002)

In DS-CDMA communications, the conventional receiver is the RAKE receiver. In the downlink (base station to mobile) signalling with cell-dependent scrambling, orthogonal codes and a common channel for all the users, this receiver does not maximize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at its output. Another receiver, with the same structure as the RAKE receiver, is suitable for downlink DS-CDMA communications; the one in which the channel matched filter gets replaced by a filter that is designed to maximize the SINR at the receiver output. We analyze the use of three different transmission diversity (TD) techniques, namely space-time TD (STTD), orthogonal TD (OTD) and delay TD (DTD). All of them are compared for the two receiver structures: RAKE and max-SINR receivers. The max-SINR receiver structures proposed here for the three TD modes are new and are shown to usually significantly outperform the RAKE schemes. We also discuss the relative performance merits of the three TD schemes for one or the other receiver structure.
Crops that stay green1 (1993)

Summary Genetic variation exists for foliar senescence and has, usually incidentally or empirically, been exploited for crop improvement. We review the incidence of delayed or inoperative senescence in maize, sorghum, oats, rice, wheat, fescue, soybean, french bean, fruit crops, trees and other species. The insights such variants give into the genetic control of leaf senescence, and the practical implications of improved understanding of the stay‐green phenomenon are discussed.
On the difficulty of validating voting machine software with software (2007)

We studied the notion of human verification of software-based attestation, which we base on the Pioneer framework. We demonstrate that the current state of the art in software-based attestation is not sufficiently robust to provide humanly verifiable voting machine integrity in practice. We design and implement a selfattesting machine based on Pioneer and modify, and in some cases, correct the Pioneer code to make it functional and more secure. We then implement it into the GRUB bootloader, along with several other modifications, to produce a voting machine that authenticates and loads both the Diebold AccuVote-TS voting software as well as its underlying operating system. Finally, we implement an attack on the system that indicates that it is currently impractical for use and argue that as technology advances, the attack will likely become more effective.
Autoantibodies to lactate dehydrogenase in serum identified by use of immobilized protein G and immobilized jacalin, a jackfruit lectin. (1989)

In this method for identifying autoantibodies to lactate dehydrogenase (anti-LDs) in serum, we used immobilized Protein G to bind IgG-complexed LD and immobilized jacalin to bind IgA-complexed LD, leaving non-complexed LD in solution. The non-complexed LD and total LD were kinetically measured. We report results as LD bound to immobilized Protein G and LD bound to immobilized jacalin. Using sera demonstrating IgG and IgA anti-LDs by immunoelectrophoresis (IEP), respectively, we optimized the method for incubation time and concentration of binding agents. We demonstrated concomitant binding of LD and greater than or equal to 98% of IgG and of LD and greater than or equal to 92% of IgA. For LD bound to immunobilized Protein G the detection limit was 10 U/L, within- and between-run CVs ranged from 2.9% to 9.1%, and values for normal sera were less than or equal to 3% of total LD. Results for LD bound to immobilized jacalin were similar. We tested 10 sera displaying aberrant LD electrophoretograms: In seven, LD bound to immobilized Protein G was increased (range: 26-99% of total LD), indicating IgG-complexed LD. This was confirmed by IEP, demonstrating IgG1,2, or IgG3 anti-LDs in these sera. In the other three sera, LD bound to immobilized jacalin was increased (range: 38-72% of total LD), indicating IgA-complexed LD. This was confirmed by IEP, demonstrating IgA anti-LDs in these sera. Evidently this method is an alternative to IEP for identifying anti-LDs in serum.
Microsoft System Center: Building a Virtualized Network Solution (2014)

Part of a series of specialized guides on System Center - this book provides focused drilldown into building a virtualized network solution. Series editor Mitch Tulloch and a team of System Center experts provide concise technical guidance as they step you through key build, configuration, and implementation tasks.
Ektacytometric measurement of sickle cell deformability as a continuous function of oxygen tension [published erratum appears in Blood 1987 Apr;69(4):1272] (1987)

In an effort to study the rheologic effects of small amounts of hemoglobin S (HbS) polymer in sickle red cells, we have used the ektacytometer, a laser diffraction couette viscometer, to measure sickle cell deformability as a function of oxygen tension. Sickle cell populations of defined intracellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were isolated using Stractan density gradients and were resuspended in buffered polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions for deformability measurements. Using a gas-porous, hollow fiber gas exchange system to establish a linear gradient in oxygen tension, deformability was measured over a pO2 range of 76 to 0 mm Hg. Parallel spectroscopic determinations of oxygen saturation permitted determination of cell deformability as a function of oxygen saturation for each discrete MCHC population. From these measurements the level of oxygen saturation at which a loss in cell deformability was first detected could be defined. Then, using the data of Noguchi and Schecter, the amount of polymerized HbS in the cells at that defined level of oxygen saturation was estimated. The results of this analysis suggested that the quantity of polymer that caused a detectable loss in cell deformability increased with increasing MCHC. In addition, for MCHC above 30 g/dL, this represented a substantial fraction of the total HbS in the cell.
Increased reactive oxygen species contribute to high NaCl-induced activation of the osmoregulatory transcription factor TonEBP/OREBP (2005)

The signaling pathways leading to high NaCl-induced activation of the transcription factor tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein/osmotic response element binding protein (TonEBP/OREBP) remain incompletely understood. High NaCl has been reported to produce oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are a component of oxidative stress, contribute to regulation of transcription factors. The present study was undertaken to test whether the high NaCl-induced increase in ROS contributes to tonicity-dependent activation of TonEBP/OREBP. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells were used as a model. We find that raising NaCl increases ROS, including superoxide. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, and MnTBAP, an inhibitor of superoxide, reduce high NaCl-induced superoxide activity and suppress both high NaCl-induced increase in TonEBP/OREBP transcriptional activity and high NaCl-induced increase in expression of BGT1mRNA, a transcriptional target of TonEBP/OREBP. Catalase, which decomposes hydrogen peroxide, does not have these effects, whether applied exogenously or overexpressed within the cells. Furthermore, NAC and MnTBAP, but not catalase, blunt high NaCl-induced increase in TonEBP/OREBP transactivation. N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine, a general inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, has no significant effect on either high NaCl-induced increase in superoxide or TonEBP/OREBP transcriptional activity, suggesting that the effects of ROS do not involve nitric oxide. Ouabain, an inhibitor of Na-K-ATPase, attenuates high NaCl-induced superoxide activity and inhibits TonEBP/OREBP transcriptional activity. We conclude that the high NaCl-induced increase in ROS, including superoxide, contributes to activation of TonEBP/OREBP by increasing its transactivation.
The Smart Wheelchair Component System (2004)

While the needs of many individuals with disabilities can be satisfied with power wheelchairs, some members of the disabled community find it difficult or impossible to operate a standard power wheelchair. To accommodate this population, several researchers have used technologies originally developed for mobile robots to create "smart wheelchairs" that reduce the physical, perceptual, and cognitive skills necessary to operate a power wheelchair. We are developing a Smart Wheelchair Component System (SWCS) that can be added to a variety of commercial power wheelchairs with minimal modification. This paper describes the design of a prototype of the SWCS, which has been evaluated on wheelchairs from four different manufacturers.
System On Microheater for On-Chip Annealing of Defects Generated by Hot-Carrier Injection, Bias Temperature Instability, and Ionizing Radiation (2016)

An on-chip immune system against hot-carrier stress, bias temperature instability, and total ionizing dose degradation is presented. A system on microheater provides defect annealing capability for recovering bulk trapped charges and interface states. The microheater and the system-on-chip are fabricated separately and stacked into a single package, which can be implemented on any arbitrary commercial-off-the-shelf device as a generic approach. The device annealed at 200 °C for 3 h results in sufficient recovery in drain current versus gate voltage characteristics.
A Nuclear Protease Required for Flowering-Time Regulation in Arabidopsis Reduces the Abundance of SMALL UBIQUITIN-RELATED MODIFIER Conjugates (2003)

The Arabidopsis mutant early in short days4 (esd4) shows extreme early flowering and alterations in shoot development. We have identified ESD4 and demonstrate that it encodes a nuclear protein located predominantly at the periphery of the nucleus. ESD4 contains a segment of >200 amino acids with strong similarity to yeast and animal proteases that are specific for the protein modifier SMALL UBIQUITIN-RELATED MODIFIER (SUMO). ESD4 shows a similar function to these proteases in vitro and processes the precursor of Arabidopsis SUMO (AtSUMO) to generate the mature form. This activity of ESD4 is prevented by mutations that affect the predicted active site of the protease or the cleavage site of the AtSUMO precursor. In yeast, these proteases also recycle SUMO from conjugates, and this appears to be the major role of ESD4 in vivo. This is suggested because esd4 mutants contain less free AtSUMO and more SUMO conjugates than wild-type plants, and a transgene expressing mature SUMO at high levels enhanced aspects of the esd4 phenotype. ESD4 defines an important role for protein modification by AtSUMO in the regulation of flowering.
Concise Review: Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease (2012)

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in developed countries. Various therapies for cardiovascular disease are investigated actively and are performed clinically. Recently, cell-based regenerative medicine using several cell sources has appeared as an alternative therapy for curing cardiovascular diseases. Scaffold-based or cell sheet-based tissue engineering is focused as a new generational cell-based regenerative therapy, and the clinical trials have also been started. Cell-based regenerative therapies have an enormous potential for treating cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the recent research of cell sources and cell-basedregenerative therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
Cloning and location of a gene governing lysine epsilon-aminotransferase, an enzyme initiating beta-lactam biosynthesis in Streptomyces spp (1991)

In actinomycetes that produce beta-lactam antibiotics of the cephem type, lysine epsilon-aminotransferase is the initial enzyme in the conversion of lysine to alpha-aminoadipic acid. We used a two-stage process ("chromosome walking") to screen a lambda library of Streptomyces clavuligerus genomic DNA for fragments that expressed lysine epsilon-aminotransferase activity in S. lividans. Restriction analysis of the cloned DNA confirmed the location of the putative lat gene within the cluster of beta-lactam biosynthesis genes, roughly midway between pcbC, the structural gene for isopenicillin N synthetase, and the putative cefE gene encoding deacetoxycephalosporin C synthetase.
Imatinib combined chemotherapy for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Major challenges in current practice (2006)

The prognosis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) and/or BCR-ABL-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is extremely poor, and for decades allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been considered the only option for a cure. However, the treatment for Ph+ ALL has been rapidly changing since imatinib, a selective inhibitor of the ABL tyrosine kinase, was introduced. Earlier clinical trials in which a moderate anti-leukemic effect of imatinib monotherapy was demonstrated have prompted investigators to explore the combination of imatinib and chemotherapy. The results of multiple studies indicate that chemotherapy combined with imatinib is well tolerated, induces complete hematological remission in almost every patient with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL, and molecular remission in more than half of the cases. Future clinical studies need to focus on how imatinib can be incorporated into chemotherapy more effectively by determining the optimal dosage of imatinib, the optimal combinational schedule, and the role of allogeneic HSCT.