gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>O</sub>ATP synthase genes in<i>Methanosarcina acetivorans</i>are dispensable for growth and ATP synthesis (2009)

There is a long-standing discussion in the literature, based on biochemical and genomic data, whether some archaeal species may have two structurally and functionally distinct ATP synthases in one cell: the archaeal A(1)A(O) together with the bacterial F(1)F(O) ATP synthase. To address a potential role of the bacterial F(1)F(O) ATP synthase, we have exchanged the F(1)F(O) ATPase gene cluster in Methanosarcina acetivorans against a puromycin resistance cassette. Interestingly, the mutant was able to grow with no difference in growth kinetics to the wild type, and cellular ATP contents were identical in the wild type and the mutant. These data demonstrate that the F(1)F(O) ATP synthase is dispensable for the growth of M. acetivorans.
Properties of a Chloroplast Enzyme that Cleaves the Chlorophyll <i>a/b</i> Binding Protein Precursor (1989)

The major light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein (LHCP) of higher plant chloroplasts is nuclear-encoded, synthesized as a precursor, and processed upon import. We have previously (GK Lamppa, M Abad [1987] J Cell Biol 105: 2641-2648) identified a soluble enzyme that cleaves the LHCP precursor (pLHCP). In this study, we describe the conditions for optimal recovery of the processing activity and provide evidence that the N terminus of pLHCP is indeed cleaved, removing the transit peptide. Two pLHCP deletions were made from a cloned pLHCP gene removing 13 and 21 amino acids, respectively, from the carboxy terminus of the protein. After organelle-free processing, the cleavage products showed a shift in mobility during SDS-PAGE proportional to the size of the precursor truncations, as predicted for N-terminal processing. Unexpectedly, a third truncated precursor lacking 91 residues of the C-terminus was not cleaved although the transit peptide domain was intact, suggesting that this deletion disrupted conformational features of the precursor necessary for processing. The pLHCP processing enzyme is inhibited by 2 millimolar EDTA and the metal chelator 1, 10 phenanthroline at 0.4 millimolar, while being inhibited by EGTA only at high concentrations and insensitive to iodoacetate. Optimal processing occurs at pH 8 to 9, and 26 degrees C. Gel filtration chromatography shows that the pLHCP processing enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of about 240,000. The identical column fractions that process pLHCP also convert the precursor of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase to its mature form.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sodium Diselenide under Phase Transfer Catalysis and Microwave Irradiation Conditions and Its Reaction with Benzoyl Chloride. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Isovolemic hemodilution in experimental focal cerebral ischemia (1988)

A total of 76 splenectomized dogs were entered in a study of the value and effects of isovolemic hemodilution. Of these, seven were not included in the analysis because of technical errors. Of the remaining 69 dogs, 35 were treated with hemodilution; 28 were subjected to a 6-hour period of temporary occlusion of the distal internal carotid artery and the proximal middle cerebral artery, and seven underwent a sham operation only, with arterial manipulation but no occlusion. The other 34 dogs were not subjected to hemodilution; 26 of these underwent temporary arterial occlusion and eight had a sham operation only. In each group the animals were about equally divided into 1) an acute protocol with regional cerebral blood flow measurements by a radioactive microsphere technique and sacrifice at the end of the acute experiment, and 2) a chronic protocol with survival for 1 week to permit daily neurological assessment and final histopathological examination but without blood flow measurements. Isovolemic hemodilution was performed about 1 hour after the arterial occlusion or sham operation and was accomplished by phlebotomy and infusions of low molecular weight dextran to bring the hematocrit to a level of 30% to 32%. This treatment resulted in a very significant reduction in viscosity and fibrinogen levels. The decrease in hematocrit lasted throughout the week in the animals in the chronic protocol. The decrease in viscosity correlated almost linearly with the decrease in hematocrit. There was a slight decrease in systemic arterial pressure with hemodilution but there were no significant changes in central venous pressure or in pulmonary arterial or wedge pressure. There was a slight decrease in cardiac index in both the hemodilution and control groups, which may have been due to the effects of barbiturate anesthesia. There was a slight increase in the measured blood volume in both groups, which was probably artifactual and related to the method of calculation. Intracranial pressure increased significantly with time in all animals subjected to arterial occlusion, but this increase was less severe in the hemodilution group. There was no significant change in intracranial pressure in sham-operated animals, whether hemodiluted or not. The results of cerebral blood flow measurements, assessment of neurological conditions, and measurement of infarct size are given in Part 2 of this report.
Effects of Vehicle Image in Gasoline-Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2005)

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have image, or symbolic benefits, in addition to their functionality. This study examines the images that ten HEV-owning households saw in their vehicles, and the impact symbolic benefits had on these consumers' decisions to purchase HEVs. In general, all of the HEV owners perceived some image in their vehicles, although these images varied in their strength and significance. The majority of households saw their HEVs projecting images that were linked to larger values, including social awareness, responsibility, and concern for others; others connected their HEVs to images of frugality and intelligent consumerism. HEVs served as communication mechanisms in all households, either by projecting their images or by stimulating owner evangelism. In addition, for a handful of participants, the symbolic benefits of their HEVs were significant enough to justify substantial functional compromises.
Naphthyridines. Part I. The chemistry of 1 : 5-naphthyridine (1954)

E. P. Hart, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 1879 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540001879
Precision-Cut Organ Slices as a Tool to Study Toxicity and Metabolism of Xenobiotics with Special Reference to Non-Hepatic Tissues (2002)

Metabolism of xenobiotics is often seen as an exclusive function of the liver, but some current findings support the notion that the lungs, kidneys and intestine may contribute considerably. After the establishment of the use of liver slices as a useful in vitro model to study metabolism and toxicity of xenobiotics, the same concept is currently being used for slices from lung, kidney and intestine. It is the aim of this review to discuss the use of organ slices in biotransformation research. The basic idea behind the use of tissue slices in biomedical research is the assumption that the cells under study will function optimally in vitro if they are cultivated in an environment that is most alike to their natural in vivo embedding, which is the case in tissue slices. Advantages in the use of organ slices are the relatively easy preparation as well as the potential standardization of both the preparation and use. Moreover, a direct interspecies comparison can be made between liver, lungs, kidneys and intestines, for example with respect to their metabolic capacity and their sensitivity for toxicants. Of major importance is that organ slices can be made with a similar procedure from organs/tissues originating from different species, including man. This latter aspect is useful in drug development in general but also for a better insight in the metabolic fate of compounds in man. Importantly the use of slices may largely contribute to a reduction in the use of experimental animals.
Therapy of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia with Interferon (1989)

AbstractChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder resulting from neoplastic transformation at the level of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell (1). The hallmark of CML is a shortened chromosome 22, termed the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, which results from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22—t(9;22)(q34;q11) (2,3). Ph-positive CML is characterized by a multistep evolutionary course. The disease inexorably progresses from a benign or chronic phase lasting an average of 3.5 years to a terminal blast transformation phase (4). The invariably fatal outcome of CML cannot be altered by chemother-apeutic agents which control the proliferative thrust of the benign phase but do not affect the Ph chromosome. Although ablative chemoradiotherapy followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can be curative, this option is only available to young patients with histocom-patible siblings. Therefore, exploration of other therapeutic approaches is warranted.
Identification of group C streptococcal antigen extracts with lectin-bound polystyrene particles (1984)

Crude extracts of Dolichos biflorus can be coupled to polystyrene particles to yield an agglutination reagent for the detection of group C streptococcal antigen extracts. The reagent is relatively inexpensive and simple to prepare and can be employed for the definitive identification of this beta-hemolytic streptococcus.
Multilens Cameras For High Velocity/Low Altitude Photoreconnaissance (1986)

After an outline of the fundamentals of the multilens array combined with focal plane shutter and angle-correct forward motion compensation, the KS-153A Trilens and Pentalens arrays are described. Then the special ground resolution capability of the multilens camera is compared to that of the tri-camera fan, and the geometric imaging capability is compared to that of the panoramic scan camera.
Antibacterial activity of capsaicin-coated wool fabric (2011)

Fabrics made from natural fibers, such as wool and cotton, are susceptible to attacks from micro-organisms, which may damage the fabrics and harm the human body. Antimicrobial finishing of natural textile products may involve harmful and non-environmentally friendly chemicals. In this study, a natural antibacterial agent, capsaicin, was coated on the surface of wool fabrics by a sol-gel process. The antibacterial properties of coated fabrics were evaluated against test bacteria Escherichia coli according to the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) method and standard American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E2149-01. Compared with the control group (sol-gel coated fabric without capsaicin), the capsaicin-coated fabric inhibited bacterial growth markedly after 24 hours incubation at 37°C. The antibacterial efficiency after laundry washes was also investigated. Good durability to washing of capsaicin on fabric was achieved by the sol-gel coating technique.
Computer network design for a chip manufacturing plant (2003)

The methodology used to achieve a suitable computer network design for a chip manufacturing plant is discussed. The requirements of computer networking for a typical plant are described. Based on these requirements, various alternative solutions are generated. These alternatives are discussed in view of performance criteria and cost effectiveness. A suitable solution is derived to achieve high reliability and fast response time. It is based on the installation of various LAN segments conforming to IEEE 802.3 standards, and interconnected to each other by means of fiber-optic bridges/repeaters and fiber-optic cable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiplex Nested Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction in a Single Tube for Sensitive and Simultaneous Detection of Four RNA Viruses and <i>Pseudomonas savastanoi</i> pv. <i>savastanoi</i> in Olive Trees (2003)

ABSTRACT A multiplex nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in a single closed tube was developed for the simultaneous detection of four RNA viruses: Cucumber mosaic virus, Cherry leaf roll virus, Strawberry latent ringspot virus, and Arabis mosaic virus, and the bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi. The method enabled, for the first time, the sensitive and simultaneous detection of RNA and DNA targets from plant viruses and a bacterium, saving time, decreasing risks of contamination, and reducing costs compared with conventional monospecific nested amplifications. The method was successfully coupled with colorimetric detection of amplicons using specific oligoprobes to simplify routine detection. Two hundred forty-five olive trees from 15 different cultivars were analyzed by multiplex RT-nested PCR coupled with colorimetric detection. Multiplex nested RT-PCR for viral detection increased the identification of positive trees by 8.1%. An uneven distribution of the viruses was observed in the infected trees. The bacterium was detected in 28.7% of the analyzed trees by the developed multiplex nested method and by a nested PCR previously developed. This powerful methodology could be applied to other models for the detection of several pathogens in a single assay.
Propulsion System Diagnostic and Reasoning Technology Development (2014)

The Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation (SAC) and the U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate (ADD) Aviation Applied Technology Directorate (AATD) are jointly sponsoring the Capability-Based Operations and Sustainment Technology-Aviation (COST-A) project. The objective of COST-A is to demonstrate an integrated set of high-value diagnostics, prognostics, and system health management technologies that reduce the maintenance burden imposed by the Army's rotorcraft fleet, while at the same time preserving safety and reliability. The program was divided into six different primary technical focus areas, with the propulsion system being one of those areas. The primary goal of the COST-A propulsion effort is to develop a robust set of diagnostic and prognostic algorithms that provide insight into the health of key components of a rotorcraft's propulsion system including the main engines and various critical Line Replaceable Units (LRUs). Separate diagnostic algorithms have been developed for key main engine LRUs such as the Hydro-Mechanical Unit (HMU), Anti-Ice / Start Bleed Valve (AISBV), Inlet Particle Separator (IPS) blower, pneumatic starter, and cross-bleed valves. Other diagnostic and prognostic algorithms have been developed or refined that focus on assessing the gas path health of the engine as a whole and of each of its major modules (gas generator and power turbine), and assessing sensor quality to identify biases. In addition, the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) is the target of both gas path health and sensor quality diagnostics. Information from all of these algorithms is fused using a series of reasoning algorithms which translate condition indicator (CI) data into actionable information for maintenance decision support. In this paper, several of the aforementioned COST-A Propulsion technologies will be discussed in detail and an example failure scenario will be utilized to elaborate diagnostic and reasoner functionality.
Optical Lattice-Based Cell Guiding and Stretching Using Integrated Vertical Multimode-Interference Waveguides (2018)

We report our recent progress in optical lattice-based cell guiding and stretching using integrated SU8-filled vertically embedded multimode-interference waveguides. We obtain a throughput of ~6 cells/s for the deformability characterization of rabbit red blood cells.
NMR characterization of a pH‐dependent equilibrium between two folded solution conformations of the pheromone‐binding protein from <i>Bombyx mori</i> (2000)

NMR spectroscopic changes as a function of pH in solutions of the pheromone-binding protein of Bombyx mori (BmPBP) show that BmPBP undergoes a conformational transition between pH 4.9 and 6.0. At pH below 4.9 there is a single "acid form" (A), and a homogeneous "basic form" (B) exists at pH above 6.0. Between pH 5 and 6, BmPBP exists as a mixture of A and B in slow exchange on the NMR chemical shift time scale, with the transition midpoint at pH 5.4. The form B has a well-dispersed NMR spectrum, indicating that it represents a more structured, "closed" conformation than form A, which has a significantly narrower chemical shift dispersion. Conformational transitions of the kind observed here may explain heterogeneity reported for a variety of odorant-binding proteins, and it will be of interest to further investigate possible correlations with pH-dependent regulation of ligand binding and release in the biological function of this class of proteins.
Pooled‐testing procedures for screening high volume clinical specimens in heterogeneous populations (2012)

Pooled testing is a procedure commonly used to reduce the cost of screening a large number of individuals for infectious diseases. In its simplest form, pooled testing works by compositing a set of individual specimens (e.g., blood or urine) into a common pool. If the pool tests negative, all individuals within it are diagnosed as negative. If the pool tests positive, retesting is needed to decode the positive individuals from the negative individuals. Traditionally, pooled testing has assumed that each individual has the same probability of being positive. However, this assumption is often unrealistic, especially when known risk factors can be used to measure distinct probabilities of positivity for each individual. In this paper, we investigate new pooled-testing algorithms that exploit the heterogeneity among individual probabilities and subsequently reduce the total number of tests needed, while maintaining accuracy levels similar to standard algorithms that do not account for heterogeneity. We apply these algorithms to data from the Infertility Prevention Project, a nationally implemented program supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Handling task dependencies under strided and aliased references (2010)

The emergence of multicore processors has increased the need for simple parallel programming models usable by nonexperts. The ability to specify subparts of a bigger data structure is an important trait of High Productivity Programming Languages. Such a concept can also be applied to dependency-aware task-parallel programming models. In those paradigms, tasks may have data dependencies, and those are used for scheduling them in parallel.
Physical Significance of the Poynting Vector in Static Fields (1967)

Even in static fields, where there is no observable energy flow, Poynting vector momentum must be considered to avoid an apparent violation of the angular-momentum law. This often-neglected aspect of the Poynting vector, is illustrated in an easily calculated example. Two other simple and rigorously solvable pedagogical examples illustrate the role of the Poynting vector in defining the energy flow in static fields.
Resistance to Stem Rust Race TTKSK Maps to the <i>rpg4</i>/<i>Rpg5</i> Complex of Chromosome 5H of Barley (2009)

Race TTKSK (Ug99) of the wheat stem rust pathogen (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) is a serious threat to both wheat and barley production worldwide because of its wide virulence on many cultivars and rapid spread from eastern Africa. Line Q21861 is one of the most resistant barleys known to this race. To elucidate the genetics of resistance in this line, we evaluated the Q21861/SM89010 (Q/SM) doubled-haploid population for reaction to race TTKSK at the seedling stage. Segregation for resistance:susceptibility in Q/SM doubled-haploid lines fit a 1:1 ratio (58:71 with chi2=1.31 and P=0.25), indicating that a single gene in Q21861 confers resistance to race TTKSK. In previous studies, a recessive gene (rpg4) and a partially dominant gene (Rpg5) were reported to control resistance to P. graminis f. sp. tritici race QCCJ and P. graminis f. sp. secalis isolate 92-MN-90, respectively, in Q21861. These resistance genes co-segregate with each other in the Q/SM population and were mapped to the long arm of chromosome 5H. Resistance to race TTKSK also co-segregated with resistance to both rusts, indicating that the gene conferring resistance to race TTKSK also lies at the rpg4/Rpg5 locus. This result was confirmed through the molecular analysis of recombinants previously used to characterize loci conferring resistance to race QCCJ and isolate 92-MN-90. The 70-kb region contains Rpg5 (a nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase gene), rpg4 (an actin depolymerizing factor-like gene), and two other genes of unidentified function. Research is underway to resolve which of the genes are required for conferring resistance to race TTKSK. Regardless, the simple inheritance should make Q21861 a valuable source of TTKSK resistance in barley breeding programs.
On blind system identification from its output autocorrelation (2002)

When the input to a linear time-invariant system is a sequence of equispaced Dirac delta functions with IID. random amplitudes, it has been shown that a time-limited system can be uniquely identified from its output autocorrelation by making use of the cyclostationarity of the output [Tong et al. 1991]. The present authors show that a bandlimited system, however, can not be uniquely identified from its output autocorrelation. A necessary and sufficient condition for a bandlimited system to be uniquely identified from its output autocorrelation is given. Further, simulation results show that the identification method in Tong et al. does not yield satisfactory results for bandlimited systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Catalysis (2010)

Abstract This chapter covers the basics of catalysis from a broad perspective. The main message is that heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous catalysis, and biocatalysis are all one discipline, and you only need to understand once how catalysis works. The chapter is divided into five sections. Sections 1 and 2 introduce and explain the fundamentals of sustainable chemistry, catalysis, and reaction kinetics. Sections 3–5 show how these principles are applied in homogeneous, heterogeneous, and biocatalysis, respectively. I included in each section examples that emphasize the strong connection between fundamental research in catalysis and its application in the chemical industry. To help you master the catalysis jargon, key terms are printed in boldface type and are defined the first time they appear. For a more detailed discussion on the various aspects of catalysis, see the books listed in Further Reading.