gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stickiness Factor—A New Way of Looking at Stuck Pipe (1983)

ABSTRACT The stickiness factor is an empirically derived number strongly related to the chances of freeing stuck pipe in a well. The number is defined by the following equation: (1)Stickiness Factor =(∡ + 10°)(OH + 5000')(MW2)×(2 + FL)(BHA+800')1×1011 where: ∡ is the maximum angle in the open hole (degrees); OH is the amount of open hole (feet); MW is the mud weight (lb/gal); FL is the API-fluid loss (cc/30 min); and BHA is the bottom-hole-assembly length (feet). The relationship between the stickiness factor and the historic chances of freeing stuck pipe is illustrated by the chance curve of Figure 1. Basically, the stickiness factor should be kept below 2.5 wherever practical. Since stuck pipe costs are largely dependent on the ability to free stuck pipe and avoid sidetracking a well, it follows that reduced stickiness factors should result in reduced stuck pipe costs. The stickiness factor is commonly lowered by reducing the API-fluid loss of the mud, reducing the bottom-hole-assembly length, or setting casing. The stickiness factor is based on a study of Gulf of Mexico wells drilled by Exxon Company, USA. Therefore, it will not necessarily apply well in other areas. The factor does. not predict when pipe will stick, but simply predicts the chance of freeing pipe that has already been stuck. The stickiness factor will also help evaluate various spotting fluids and fishing techniques since it indicates the relative difficulty (chance of success) of a soaking or fishing job. Finally, a reduced stickiness factor should reduce the chances of sticking pipe.
Validation of Inertial Sensing-Based Wearable Device for Tremor and Bradykinesia Quantification (2020)

Neurologists judge the severity of Parkinsonian motor symptoms according to clinical scales, and their judgments exist inconsistent because of differences in clinical experience. Correspondingly, inertial sensing-based wearable devices (ISWDs) produce objective and standardized quantifications. However, ISWDs indirectly quantify symptoms by parametric modeling of angular velocities and linear accelerations nd trained by the judgments of several neurologists through supervised learning algorithms. Hence, the ISWD outputs are biased along with the scores provided by neurologists. To investigate the effectiveness ISWDs for Parkinsonian symptoms quantification, technical verification and clinical validation of both tremor and bradykinesia quantification methods were carried out. A total of 45 Parkinson's disease patients and 30 healthy controls performed the tremor and finger-tapping tasks, which were tracked simultaneously by an ISWD and a 6-axis high-precision electromagnetic tracking system (EMTS). The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) prescribed parameters obtained from the EMTS, which directly provides linear and rotational displacements, were compared with the scores provided by both the ISWD and seven neurologists. EMTS-based parameters were regarded as the ground truth and were employed to train several common machine learning (ML) algorithms, i.e., support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and random forest (RF) algorithms. Inconsistency among the scores provided by the neurologists was proven. Besides, the quantification performance (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy) of the ISWD employed with ML algorithms were better than that of the neurologists. Furthermore, EMTS can be utilized to both modify the quantification algorithms of ISWDs and improve the assessment skills of young neurologists.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor, Transforming Growth Factor-β and Connective Tissue Growth Factor (1995)

Cell-to-cell communication determines the compostition and hence function of the airways of the lung in health. Conversely, altered balances of cytokines, either primary or secondary are thought to play a determining role in acute and chronic pathological disorders. The protein cytokines are a unique group of extracellular signalling molecules with critical roles in these processes. Cytokines (also termed growth factors) are pleiotrophic molecules produced ubiquitously and which act on a wide array of target cells. They modulate a wide array of cellular functions including growth (stimulation or inhibition), differentiation, survival and a wide range of phenotypic expression. Although generally small multimeric proteins, the cytokines are considerably larger than other signalling molecules such as the kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and other molecules involved in modulating cell phenotype.
Transfer of para-hydrogen spin order into polarization by diabatic field cycling (2004)

In a para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) experiment, it is possible to obtain a substantial net polarization of a hetero nucleus using a diabatic field cycling scheme. This is experimentally demonstrated for hydroxyethyl propionate. The screening of the ambient magnetic field was accomplished by using several concentric mu-metal cylinders. The field cycling is modeled as a sudden decrease from intermediate field to low field, followed by an adiabatic remagnetization. An analytical expression for the polarization as a function of the constituent scalar couplings, using an idealized field cycling profile, is derived for an AA′X spin system. It is also demonstrated that the hyperpolarized compound can be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Quantitative Analysis of global Ubiquitination in HeLa Cells by Mass Spectrometry (2008)

Ubiquitination regulates a host of cellular processes by labeling proteins for degradation, but also by functioning as a regulatory, nonproteolytic posttranslational modification. Proteome-wide strategies to monitor changes in ubiquitination profiles are important to obtain insight into the various cellular functions of ubiquitination. Here we describe generation of stable cell lines expressing a tandem hexahistidine-biotin tag (HB-tag) fused to ubiquitin for two-step purification of the ubiquitinated proteome under fully denaturing conditions. Using this approach we identified 669 ubiquitinated proteins from HeLa cells, including 44 precise ubiquitin attachment sites on substrates and all seven possible ubiquitin chain-linkage types. To probe the dynamics of ubiquitination in response to perturbation of the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, we combined ubiquitin profiling with quantitative mass spectrometry using the stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) strategy. We compared untreated cells and cells treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 to identify ubiquitinated proteins that are targeted to the proteasome for degradation. A number of proteasome substrates were identified. In addition, the quantitative approach allowed us to compare proteasome targeting by different ubiquitin chain topologies in vivo. The tools and strategies described here can be applied to detect changes in ubiquitination dynamics in response to various changes in growth conditions and cellular stress and will contribute to our understanding of the ubiquitin/proteasome system.
The two macronuclear histone H4 genes of the hypotrichous ciliate Stylonychi lemnae (1990)

Macronuclear DNA of hypotrichous ciliates is organized in short gene-sized molecules, each containing all regulatory sequences for autonomous replication and expression. In these organisms the histone genes are not clustered but dispersed on different molecules of various sizes. Two histone H4 genes containing fragments, one of 1.7 kb and one of 2.8 kb, were found in the macronucleus of Stylonychia lemnae. Restriction and sequence data reveal that the two genes-sized pieces are derived from different micronuclear precursors. Both histone H4 genes code for the same protein of 103 aminoacids but differ greatly in their 5'-and 3'-regions.
Traffic Control Management and Road Safety Using Vehicle to Vehicle Data Transmission Based on Li-Fi Technology (2016)

An emerging technology Li-Fi, or light fidelity is a bidirectional and fully networked wireless communications medium which uses light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and provides transmission of data through illumination by sending data through a LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow. It can provide connectivity within a very large area with more security and with higher data rates and high speed than data that can be transmitted through Wi-Fi. It uses visible light communication or infra-red and near ultraviolet spectrum which works by switching bulbs on and off within nanoseconds. By using Li-Fi technology highly reliable vehicle to vehicle communication is possible by transmitting and receiving data through LED head-lights and tail-lights. In this paper we propose a system that uses Li-Fi enabled LED head-light, tail-light and traffic signal light that can be used for traffic management and road safety by using vehicle to vehicle data transmission The aim of designing this system is to reduce road accidents and managing traffic more accurately.
Oral myiasis: a case report. (2006)

Oral Myiasis is a rare pathology in humans and is associated with poor oral hygiene, alcoholism, senility, suppurating lesions, severe halitosis and others conditions. The treatment is a mechanical removal of the maggots one by one but a systemic treatment with Ivermectin, a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic, have been used for treatment for oral myiasis. We present a case report of a 32-year-old man indigent, alcohol-dependent with an extensive necrotic area and acute swelling in upper lip and fetid odor. The patient's management included topic use of gentian violet, oral therapy with ivermectin (6 mg orally), surgical exploration to remove the larvae and necrotic tissue. After the complete larvae removal the swelling and the wounds were healing normally, the patients was referred to plastic surgery to repair tissue damage. The prevention of human myiasis is by education, but unfortunately in the developing countries some people live in low social condition, predisposing the occurrence of the infestation.
Psychiatric disorders in 36 families with Wolfram syndrome (1991)

Since heterozygous carriers of the gene for the Wolfram syndrome are 50-fold more common among the blood relatives than among the spouses, the larger proportion among blood relatives is evidence that heterozygous carriers of the gene for the Wolfram syndrome are predisposed to significant psychiatric illness.
Classification on proximity data with LP-machines (1999)

We provide a new linear program to deal with classification of data in the case of data given in terms of pairwise proximities. This allows to avoid the problems inherent in using feature spaces with indefinite metric in support vector machines, since the notion of a margin is purely needed in input space where the classification actually occurs. Moreover in our approach we can enforce sparsity in the proximity representation by sacrificing training error. This turns out to be favorable for proximity data. Similar to /spl nu/-SV methods, the only parameter needed in the algorithm is the (asymptotical) number of data points being classified with a margin. Finally, the algorithm is successfully compared with /spl nu/-SV learning in proximity space and K-nearest-neighbors on real world data from neuroscience and molecular biology.
Uncoupling signal transducers from oncogenic <i>MET</i> mutants abrogates cell transformation and inhibits invasive growth (1998)

The assumption that genes encoding tyrosine kinase receptors could play a role in human cancers has been confirmed by the identification of oncogenic mutations in the kinase domain of RET and KIT. Recently, homologous residues were found mutated in MET, in papillary renal carcinomas (PRCs). The link coupling these genetic lesions to cellular transformation is still unclear. METPRC mutations result in increased kinase activity and-in some instances, i.e., M1250T substitution-in changes in substrate specificity. A direct correlation occurs between the transforming potential of METPRC mutants and their ability to constitutively associate with signal transducers through two phosphorylated tyrosines (Y1349VHVNATY1356VNV) located in the receptor tail. Substitution of these "docking tyrosines" with phenylalanines leaves unaffected the altered properties of the kinase but abrogates transformation and invasiveness in vitro. Uncoupling the receptor from signal transducers with a tyrosine-phosphorylated peptide derivative (YpVNV) inhibits invasive growth induced by METPRC mutants. These data indicate that constitutive receptor coupling to downstream signal transducers is a key mechanism in neoplastic transformation driven by mutated MET and suggest a therapeutic strategy to target neoplastic diseases associated with this oncogene.
Elastomeric Polyether-Ester Block Copolymers. I. Structure-Property Relationships of Tetramethylene Terephthalate/Polyether Terephthalate Copolymers (1977)

Abstract The properties of elastomeric tetramethylene terephthalate/polyether terephthalate copolymers have been related to the chemical structure, chain length, and concentration in the copolymers of the PTMEG-, PEG-, and PPG-derived polyether units. Low-temperature properties and tear strength are dependent on all three polyether-related variables. Melting point, hardness, and stress at 100% elongation appear to be independent of polyether structure. Polyether glycols of low MW volatilize during copolymer preparation. High-MW polyethers tend to crystallize when present in the copolymers. Polyether glycols of intermediate MW (∼ 1000) yield copolymers with the best resistance to low-temperature stiffening. Copolymer synthesis is most difficult with PPG as the polyether glycol. Inherent viscosities are low, and phase separation occurs at lower polyether MW than with PTMEG or PEG. The PEG-based copolymers exhibit high water swell, particularly at intermediate and high PEG MW. The PTMEG-based copolymers are easiest to synthesize and exhibit the best overall combination of properties.
Use of a Rapid Assay of Subforms of Creatine Kinase MB to Diagnose or Rule Out Acute Myocardial Infarction (1994)

The assay of CK-MB subforms reliably detected myocardial infarction within the first six hours after the onset of symptoms, and its use could reduce admission to the coronary care unit by 50 to 70 percent, thereby reducing costs.
Evaluation of a single intra-articular injection of autologous protein solution for treatment of osteoarthritis in horses (2014)

Intra-articular administration of APS can be considered an effective treatment option for equine osteoarthritis, with the potential for disease-modifying effects.
Study on the graft copolymerization of lignosulfonate and acrylic monomers (1980)

Abstract Graftings of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate onto lignosulfonate were studied, respectively, with and without the lignosulfonate ozonized. Copolymerization was redox‐initiated by peroxideferrous ions. Monomer conversion and grafting efficiency depended essentially on reaction medium and the maount of peroxide charged. Among the media employed, the magnitude of the medium effect on conversion was found to be in the following order: water, dioxane, and methanol. The conversions in water of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate were 55 and 90%, respectively, when using 3% hydrogen peroxide. Beyond this 3 % charge, both the grafting efficiency and the degree of lignosulfonate grafted approached certain limits. Ozonization appeared to be capable of stimulating the active centers in lignin macromolecules, whereon acrylic monomers could be grafted. Better grafting efficiency was obtained with the ozonized lignosulfonate.
Control of Air-Cell Mattress for Preventing Pressure Ulcer Based on Approximate Anthropometric Model (2005)

Air mattress is now used widely to prevent the pressure ulcer by reducing the localized pressure peaks. In this paper an air-cell mattress and its pressure control method based on an approximate anthropometric model are presented. The air-cell mattress has eighteen cylindrical air cells made of porous material allowing air leakage to contribute in reducing the development of pressure ulcer by lowering the pressure peak, temperature and humidity. To determine an optimal air-cell pressure appropriate for each user, we divide the parts of the body into four sections such as head, trunk, hip, and leg. Then, the pressure of each section is independently calculated from the weight of each part based on the individual body height and weight and the approximate anthropometric model. Air supply system for the air-cell mattress is implemented by using four electronic solenoid valves and an air compressor, and it is driven by a real-time micro-controller. The experimental results for seven subjects shows that the proposed air-cell mattress is effective for the prevention of the pressure ulcer.
Non‐Ionic Water‐Soluble Crown‐Ether‐Substituted Polyfluorene as Fluorescent Probe for Lead Ion Assays (2007)

Abstract A new non‐ionic water‐soluble polyfluorene that contains two benzo‐18‐crown‐6 side chains per repeat unit (PFDC) is synthesized and characterized. Upon addition of Pb 2+ ions to a solution of PFDC, the PFDC fluorescence is strongly quenched. The minor interference from other metal ions, especial from Cu 2+ and Hg 2+ ions, clearly shows that the PFDC can be used to detect Pb 2+ ions with high selectivity. The fluorescence quenching of PFDC in solution originates from the multivalent coordination of the crown‐ether moieties to Pb 2+ ions followed by precipitation. In comparison to ionic conjugated polymers, the pH of the medium shows less effect on the binding of non‐ionic PFDC to Pb 2+ ions. magnified image
Ytterbium Triflate Catalyzed Heterocyclization of 1,2‐Phenylenediamines and Alkyl Oxalates Under Solvent‐Free Conditions via Phillips Reaction: A Facile Synthesis of Quinoxaline‐2,3‐diones Derivatives (2004)

Abstract Ytterbium triflate are found to catalyze efficiently the Phillips‐type heterocyclization reactions of 1,2‐phenylenediamine and alkyl oxalate under solvent‐free and mild conditions to afford the corresponding quinoxaline‐2,3‐dione derivatives in high yields. The catalyst could be recovered almost quantitatively from the aqueous layer after the reaction was completed and it could be reused in subsequent reaction without decrease in activity.
Mol2vec: Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach with Chemical Intuition (2017)

Inspired by natural language processing techniques, we here introduce Mol2vec, which is an unsupervised machine learning approach to learn vector representations of molecular substructures. Like the Word2vec models, where vectors of closely related words are in close proximity in the vector space, Mol2vec learns vector representations of molecular substructures that point in similar directions for chemically related substructures. Compounds can finally be encoded as vectors by summing the vectors of the individual substructures and, for instance, be fed into supervised machine learning approaches to predict compound properties. The underlying substructure vector embeddings are obtained by training an unsupervised machine learning approach on a so-called corpus of compounds that consists of all available chemical matter. The resulting Mol2vec model is pretrained once, yields dense vector representations, and overcomes drawbacks of common compound feature representations such as sparseness and bit collisions. The prediction capabilities are demonstrated on several compound property and bioactivity data sets and compared with results obtained for Morgan fingerprints as a reference compound representation. Mol2vec can be easily combined with ProtVec, which employs the same Word2vec concept on protein sequences, resulting in a proteochemometric approach that is alignment-independent and thus can also be easily used for proteins with low sequence similarities.
Quantum-Chemical Predictions of Absolute Standard Redox Potentials of Diverse Organic Molecules and Free Radicals in Acetonitrile (2005)

A calibrated B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,2p)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d) method was found to be able to predict the gas-phase adiabatic ionization potentials of 160 structurally unrelated organic molecules with a precision of 0.14 eV. A PCM solvation model was benchmarked that could predict the pK(a)'s of 15 organic acids in acetonitrile with a precision of 1.0 pK(a) unit. Combining the above two methods, we developed a generally applicable protocol that could successfully predict the standard redox potentials of 270 structurally unrelated organic molecules in acetonitrile. The standard deviation of the predictions was 0.17 V. The study demonstrated that computational electrochemistry could become a powerful tool for the organic chemical community. It also confirmed that the continuum solvation theory could correctly predict the solvation energies of organic radicals. Finally, with the help of the newly developed protocol we were able to establish a scale of standard redox potentials for diverse types of organic free radicals for the first time. Knowledge about these redox potentials should be of great value for understanding the numerous electron-transfer reactions in organic and bioorganic chemistry.
3′-Protected 2′-Deoxynucleoside 5′-Triphosphates as a Tool for Heat-Triggered Activation of Polymerase Chain Reaction (2009)

A new approach that improves the efficiency and specificity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed. Heat-sensitive 3'-protected derivatives of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates (dNTPs) have been synthesized and used as substitutes for natural dTTP, dCTP, dATP, and dGTP in PCR. Since 3'-protected dNTPs are either nonsubstrates or terminating substrates for Taq DNA polymerase, they do not support primer extension/elongation at low stringency conditions during PCR sample preparation when PCR artifacts such as primer dimers and mispriming products can form. At the initial heat-denaturing step and during the PCR sequence, the 3'-protecting group is cleaved, releasing 3'-unprotected dNTP that is a natural substrate for DNA polymerase. As a result, the primer extension/elongation proceeds only at an elevated temperature of PCR, when the interaction of primers and template is highly stringent and specific. Several 3'-protecting groups covering a wide range of deprotection kinetics have been tested. The 3'-O-tetrahydrofuranyl derivatives of dNTPs have demonstrated the best properties leading to a drastically reduced accumulation of PCR artifacts, such as "primer dimers" and "mispriming" products. Overall, PCR with 3'-THF-protected dNTPs demonstrated substantially improved performance and was more efficient and specific compared to PCR with standard dNTPs.