gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultraflexible plasmonic nanocomposite aerogel (2011)

A simple yet efficient approach to fabricate an ultraflexible plasmonic nanocomposite aerogel is described. High-quality gold nanoparticles with a wide size regime (13—101 nm) may be dispersed evenly into a viscous agarose aqueous solution at 60 °C. Gradually cooling the solution to room temperature lead to the formation of a nanocomposite hydrogel, which can be further converted into an aerogel by freeze-drying. Using this approach, particle loading as high as 92 nmol L−1 was achieved without any aggregation or agglomeration for the entire process. The resulting nanocomposite aerogel possesses well-pronounced surface plasmon resonance and exhibits superior mechanical strength yet remains ultraflexible. The maximum Young's modulus was estimated to be about 0.45 MPa in a typical compression test. In addition, an exceptionally high strain of more than 90% was observed, which is about two orders of magnitude larger than most brittle silica-based aerogels (i.e. only a fraction of a percent of strain-to-disintegration). Further structural characterizations demonstrated that the nanocomposite aerogel has a highly porous honeycomb structures, which is responsible for the unusually large strain observed. Only under sufficiently high pressing forces, the honeycomb structures collapse due to plastic deformation, leading to the formation of stiff nanocomposite paper with lamellar structures. This study demonstrates a robust approach to ultralow-density plasmonic aerogels with a myriad of potential applications in aerospace, foldable electronics and portable sensors.
On a Scrambling Property of Feedback Shift Registers (1972)

A scrambling property of binary feedback shift registers is investigated. When the input sequence has a certain defined randomness, the output symbols are uncorrelated everywhere, except possibly at symbol separations that are integer multiples of the exponent of the feedback polynomial. At those points the output autocorrelation is shown to be equal to higher order moments of the input sequence.
Protective effects of a topical antioxidant mixture containing vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin against ultraviolet‐induced photodamage in human skin (2008)

This study confirms the protective role of a unique mixture of antioxidants containing vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin on human skin from the harmful effects of UV irradiation. Phloretin, in addition to being a potent antioxidant, may stabilize and increase the skin availability of topically applied vitamin C and ferulic acid. We propose that antioxidant mixture will complement and synergize with sunscreens in providing photoprotection for human skin.
Therapeutic neovascularization for peripheral arterial diseases: advances and perspectives. (2007)

Recently, with the better understanding of the mechanisms of neovascularization, many new therapeutic approaches to enhance neovascularization have emerged. Of these diverse emerging methods, use of growth factors and cells are the two major ones. This review will provide an update on the present understanding of the basic mechanisms of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and arteriogenesis, as a basis for designing future pro-neovascularization treatments. Several angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) have been implicated in augmenting the neovascularization process. However, single growth factors are not sufficient to generate functional vessels. In synergistic or complementary manner, these factors may be used in harmony to form long-term functional vessels. Cell therapy has the potential to supply stem/progenitor cells and multiple angiogenic factors to the region of ischemia. However, the efficacy of stem cells transplantation may be impaired by low survival rate, insufficient cell number and impaired function in aging and diseases. Combination of cells or cells primed with growth factor(s) or genetic modification may augment the therapeutic efficacy. This paper reviews critical literature in depth to elucidate the mechanism of therapeutic neovascularization, angiogenic factor therapy and cell transplantation. Based on past experience and actual knowledge, we propose future strategies for clinical application and discuss the problems and controversies that need to be addressed in order to fully exploit the potential of growth factors and/or cell transplantation with clinical relevance.
SYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS FROM SUBSTITUTED CYANOACETIC ESTERS (1950)

The Darapsky method has been successfully applied to the synthesis of aminoacids from substituted cyanoacetic esters, RCH (CN)COOC 2 H 5 . R=CH 3 CH (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 , CH 3 CH(CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 , CH 3 (CH 2 ) 11 , HOCH 2 CH 2 , o-ClC 6 H 4 CH 2 , p-CH 3 C 6 H 4 O(CH 2 ) 2 , p-CH 3 C 6 H 4 O(CH 2 ) 3 , p-C 2 H 5 C 6 H 4 O(CH 2 ) 2 , p-C 2 H 5 C 6 H 4 O(CH 2 ) 3 , p-ClC 6 H 4 O(CH 2 ) 2 , p-ClC 6 H 4 O(CH 2 ) 3 , p-BrC 6 H 4 O(CH 2 ) 3 . The esters were prepared by condensation of cyanoacetic ester with suitable bromides. When treated with hydrazine hydrate, they gave rise to hydrazides, which were identified by their anisal derivatives. Azides were obtained by the action of nitrous acid on hydrazides at low temperature and were transformed by heating with alcohol into carbethoxyaminonitriles. Finally, the latter by hydrolysis yielded the following amino acids: dl-α-amino-β-methylcaprylic acid, dl-α-amino-β-methylpelargonic acid, dl-α-aminomyristic acid, dl-α-amino-γ-hydroxybutyric acid, dl-α-amino-γ-p-methylphenoxybutyric acid, dl-α-amino-δ-p-methylphenoxyvaleric acid, dl-α-amino-γ-p-ethylphenoxybutyric acid, dl-α-amino-δ-p-ethylphenoxyvaleric acid, dl-α-amino-γ-p-chlorophenoxybutyric acid, dl-α-amino-δ-p-chlorophenoxyvaleric acid, and dl-α-amino-δ-p-bromophenoxyvaleric acid.
Dual-protocol support for Bluetooth LE devices (2015)

Low energy consumption is one of the primary issues that have to be addressed in body area networks to prevent frequent battery recharges in the nodes. Such networks are being increasingly used to acquire sensory data that need to be processed in real-time. The Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol is an attractive solution for implementing personal area networks with reduced energy consumption, also because it is supported by consumer devices such as tablets and smart phones; however, it cannot guarantee a bounded delay for managing real-time traffic. This paper overcomes such a limitation by presenting a bandwidth sharing mechanism that allows partitioning the available network bandwidth between the BLE and another user-defined protocol built on top of the raw radio transceiver. Experimental results are also reported to characterize the timing behavior of the dual protocol on a specific platform.
Evaluation of efficacy and tolerance of a nighttime topical antioxidant containing resveratrol, baicalin, and vitamin e for treatment of mild to moderately photodamaged skin. (2014)

Resveratrol is an effective anti-aging molecule with diverse biologic activity. It functions as a dual antioxidant that can neutralize free radicals and increase intrinsic antioxidant capacity. Additionally resveratrol increases mitochondrial biogenesis and has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activity. In this paper we will focus on the use of topically applied resveratrol using a proprietary blend containing 1% resveratrol, 0.5% baicalin, and 1% vitamin E. This stabilized high concentration formulation demonstrates percutaneous absorption and alterations in gene expression such as hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA), and collagen 3 (COL3A1). Clinical assessment showed a statistically significant improvement in fine lines and wrinkles, skin firmness, skin elasticity, skin laxity, hyperpigmentation, radiance, and skin roughness over baseline in 12 weeks. Ultrasound measurements in the periorbital area showed an average improvement of 18.9% in dermal thickness suggesting significant dermal remodeling. These studies confirm that topical resveratrol, baicalin, and vitamin E are valuable ingredient that can be used for skin rejuvenation.
Synthesis of novel functionalized 4‐aza‐2,3‐didehydropodophyllotoxin derivatives with potential antitumor activity (2010)

Novel arylamino alcohols were synthesized and these alcohols were used to prepare 12 novel N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2,3-didehydroazapodophyllotoxins, in one step, by simple reflux in ethanol. Isolated yields in the range of 50-70% were obtained.
A transmission electron microscopy study of low-temperature reaction at the Co-Si interface (1990)

An efficient preparation method, which provides wedge-shaped cross-section transmission electron microscopy samples, has been developed. It was then used to investigate the structure of as-deposited cobalt multilayers on silicon substrates by rf plasma sputtering. It was found that an extended reaction takes place between Co and Si probably during the deposition. The cobalt atoms react with the silicon substrate to form an amorphous silicide layer. When the deposited layer is &lt;3 nm thick, it entirely reacts with the substrate and can form an amorphous silicide as large as 5 nm. Above 4–5 nm thickness, growth of Co crystallites comes in competition with the formation of the amorphous silicide and limits it to 2 nm. The composition of this amorphous silicide is estimated to be Co2Si. In Co/C multilayers, the reactivity between the two materials is negligible, and the coalescence thickness of cobalt is 2–3 nm. At 2 nm, the cobalt layers are noncontinuous and very rough, whereas at 3 nm the critical thickness for crystalline nuclei coalescence has already been reached. The cobalt layers are then polycrystalline and have a reasonable roughness.
The p12I, p13II, and p30II proteins encoded by human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I open reading frames I and II are localized in three different cellular compartments (1993)

Three protein isoforms are encoded by the human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I pX region open reading frames (ORF) I and II through alternative splicing. Both the singly and doubly spliced mRNAs from ORF I encode a single 12-kDa protein (p12I), whereas two distinct proteins of 13 kDa (p13II) and 30 kDa (p30II) are encoded from the ORF II alternatively spliced mRNA. Because the p12I protein is very hydrophobic and poorly immunogenic, we genetically engineered its cDNA by adding a short stretch of amino acids from the highly immunogenic epitope HA1 of influenza virus or the AU1 epitope of bovine papillomavirus. The HA1 epitope was also added to the p13II and p30II proteins, albeit rabbit immune sera raised against synthetic peptides were also available. To determine in which cellular compartments these proteins reside, we transfected the tagged and wild-type cDNAs in HeLa/Tat cells and studied their localization by indirect immunofluorescence. The p12I protein was identified in the cellular endomembranes and, particularly, in the perinuclear area. p13II and p30II were found in the nuclei and nucleoli of the transfected cells, respectively. The presence of the HA1 epitope at the carboxy terminus of p13II and p30II did not interfere with their cellular localization, since the rabbit immune sera demonstrated their presence in the same cellular compartments when the untagged proteins were expressed. The defined localization of these proteins in specific cellular compartments warrants further study of their function.
Fabrication and Characterization of a Nanowire/Polymer-Based Nanocomposite for a Prototype Thermoelectric Device (2004)

This paper discusses the design, fabrication and testing of a novel thermoelectric device comprised of arrays of silicon nanowires embedded in a polymer matrix. By exploiting the low-thermal conductivity of the composite and presumably high-power factor of the nanowires, a thermoelectric figure of merit, higher than the corresponding bulk value, should result. Arrays were first synthesized using a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process leading to one-dimensional (1-D) growth of single-crystalline nanowires. To provide structural support while maintaining thermal isolation between nanowires, parylene, a low thermal conductivity and extremely conformal polymer, was embedded within the arrays. Mechanical polishing and oxygen plasma etching techniques were used to expose the nanowire tips and a metal contact was deposited on the top surface. Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) illustrate the results of the fabrication processes. Using a modification of the 3/spl omega/ technique, the effective thermal conductivity of the nanowire matrix was measured and 1 V characteristics were also demonstrated. An assessment of the suitability of this nanocomposite for high thermoelectric performance devices is given.
VLSI CAD Tool Integration Using the Ulysses Environment (1986)

Ulysses is a VLSI CAD environment which effectively addresses the problems associated with CAD tool integration. Specifically, Ulysses allows the integration of CAD tools into a design automation system, the codification of a design methodology, and the representation of a design space. Ulysses keeps track of the progress of a design and allows exploration of the design space. The environment employs artificial intelligence techniques, functions as an interactive expert system, and interprets descriptions of design tasks encoded in the scripts language. An example of an integrated circuit layout design task is provided. The use of Ulysses in performing this task is discussed in detail.
Methylation and epigenetic fidelity (2003)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
How is the NaCl signal transmitted in NaCl-induced hypertension? (1989)

Is the NaCl signal perceived as a small increase in the concentration of NaCl in extracellular fluid? We used 8 g NaCl/100 g soluble nutrients and fed only a hypertonic (1.4% NaCl) or a hypotonic (0.45% NaCl) drink to Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats. After 12 weeks, 11 rats receiving the hypertonic drink had a mean blood pressure of 195 mm Hg versus 195 mm Hg in 12 rats receiving the hypotonic drink. Thus, the high-NaCl signal seems unrelated to a higher NaCl concentration in extracellular fluid, thereby suggesting volume signals. Most volume controls are near the third brain ventricle (3V). As a working hypothesis, high dietary NaCl may swell the tissues surrounding 3V, which is slitlike. Such swelling would partially close the upper part of the slit and cause ependymal cells and nerve fibers on opposite walls to touch, possibly leading to hypertension in susceptible humans or rats. To test this, we stereotaxically blocked the aqueduct with inert silicone to produce hydrocephalus of 3V in DS rats and thus prevent ependymal cells and nerve fibers from touching. After blocking or sham-blocking the aqueduct, either a 6% NaCl diet or a 0.23% NaCl diet was started. Intra-arterial blood pressure was taken after 6 weeks. A group of 28 sham-blocked rats and a group of 29 blocked rats, all fed a 0.23% low NaCl diet, had equal blood pressures averaging 130 mm Hg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reduction of osteoarthritis severity in the temporomandibular joint of rabbits treated with chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine (2020)

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that causes substantial changes in joint tissues, such as cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone sclerosis. Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine are commonly used products for the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of these products when used as structure-modifying drugs on the progression of osteoarthritis in the rabbit temporomandibular joint. Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups (n = 12/group): control (no disease); osteoarthritis (disease induction); and treatment (disease induction and administration of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine). Osteoarthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate. Animals were killed at 30 and 90 days after initiation of therapy. The treatment was effective in reducing disease severity, with late effects and changes in the concentration of glycosaminoglycans in the articular disc. The results indicate that chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine may have a structure-modifying effect on the tissues of rabbit temporomandibular joints altered by osteoarthritis.
Miscible Displacements in Heterogeneous Core Systems: Tomographic Confirmation of Flow Mechanisms (1989)

ABSTRACT A series of stable and unstable floods has been carried out in a well-characterized, heterogeneous concentric core assembly in order to study predicted recovery mechanisms in such systems. A combination of effluent analysis from the separate layers in the core and computer simulation was used to establish the detailed flows which were subsequently confirmed using computer x-ray tomographic (CT) scanning. Good agreement has been obtained between experiment and theory for unit mobility, and viscous floods in which the respective roles of transverse dispersion and viscous crossflow have been clarified. Some of the main qualitative features found in the unstable displacement (viscous fingering) experiments have also been reproduced using fine grid simulations. CT scanning has been shown to be extremely useful for studying flow mechanisms in systems of this type.
Current aspects of fish vaccination (1988)

Although only 3 (bacterial) vaccines are commercially available at present for use in aquaculture, the development of at least 5 other bacterial vaccines and 5 viral vaccines is being actively investigated. Some current aspects of this research are reviewed, in particular: (a) the need to differentiate protection based on short-term non-specific defence responses (induced by certain components of vaccines including LPS and adjuvants) and long-term specific immune memory; (b) the need to identify protective antigens in order to optimize their production in vitro; (c) the possibility, in appropnate circumstances, of using immunopotentiators as prophylactic adjuncts to immunisation.
Panic passwords: authenticating under duress (2008)

Panic passwords allow a user to signal duress during authentication. We show that the well-known model of giving a user two passwords, a ‘regular ’ and a ‘panic ’ password, is susceptible to iteration and forced-randomization attacks, and is secure only within a very narrow threat model. We expand this threat model significantly, making explicit assumptions and tracking four parameters. We also introduce several new panic password systems to address new categories of scenarios. 1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS As important services and sensitive data congregate online, attackers have an increasing incentive to obtain the passwords that protect these services and data. Panic passwords are a mechanism to allow a user to use a special type
Effect of topical capsaicin in the therapy of painful osteoarthritis of the hands. (1992)

Topical capsaicin 0.075% was evaluated for the treatment of the painful joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) in a 4 week double blind, placebo controlled randomized trial. Twenty-one patients were selected, all of whom had either RA (n = 7) or OA (n = 14) with painful involvement of the hands. Assessments of pain (visual analog scale), functional capacity, morning stiffness, grip strength, joint swelling and tenderness (dolorimeter) were performed before randomization. Treatment was applied to each painful hand joint 4 times daily with reassessment at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after entry. One subject did not complete the study. Capsaicin reduced tenderness (p less than 0.02) and pain (p less than 0.02) associated with OA, but not RA as compared with placebo. A local burning sensation was the only adverse effect noted. These findings suggest that topical capsaicin is a safe and potentially useful drug for the treatment of painful OA of the hands.
Ocular Blood Flow Velocity in Age-related Macular Degeneration (1995)

The combination of increased pulsatility and decreased velocity of the short posterior ciliary arteries, observed in the presence of AMD, are interpreted as evidence of increased vascular resistance. The clinical signs of AMD may be related to degradation of the metabolic transport function of the retinal pigment epithelium, resulting from impaired choroidal perfusion.
Dendritic cells in cytomegalovirus infection: viral evasion and host countermeasures (2009)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a beta-herpesvirus that infects the majority of the population during early childhood and thereafter establishes life-long latency. Primary infection as well as spontaneous reactivation usually remains asymptomatic in healthy hosts but can, in the context of systemic immunosuppression, result in substantial morbidity and mortality. HCMV counteracts the host immune response by interfering with the recognition of infected cells. A growing body of literature has also suggested that the virus evades the immune system by paralyzing the initiators of antiviral immune responses--the dendritic cells (DCs). In the current review, we discuss the effects of CMV (HCMV and murine CMV) on various DC subsets and the ensuing innate and adaptive immune responses. The impact of HCMV on DCs has mainly been investigated using monocyte-derived DCs, which are rendered functionally impaired by infection. In mouse models, DCs are targets of viral evasion as well, but the complex cross-talk between DCs and natural killer cells has, however, demonstrated an instrumental role for DCs in the control and clearance of viral infection. Fewer studies address the role of peripheral blood DC subsets, plasmacytoid DCs and CD11c+ myeloid DCs in the response against HCMV. These DCs, rather than being paralyzed by HCMV, are largely resistant to infection, mount a vigorous first-line defense and induce T-cell responses to the virus. This possibly provides a partial explanation for an intriguing conundrum: the highly efficient control of viral infection and reactivation in immunocompetent hosts in spite of multi-layered viral evasion mechanisms.
An overview of mobile satellite systems and their evolution towards satellite personal communication networks (1995)

The paper reviews the evolutionary trend from mobile to personal satellite communications. In addition to summarizing technical/market parameters of present-day (GEO) Mobile Satellite Systems (MSS) and MSSs under development (INMARSAT Network, ESA PRODAT and MSBN, OmniTRACS/EutelTRACS, American and Asia-Pacific Systems,....), an attempt is made to identify critical system/service aspects related to the deployment of personal satellite communications. Such aspects substantially deal with equipment standardization and type approval, frequency spectrum allocation and assignment (i.e. licensing), mutual recognition of licences, multiple-entry provision and so forth. The present situation of “little”, “big” and “super” LEOs is depicted, identifying issues to be addressed when designing and implementing satellite personal communication networks (S-PCN). Inmarsat plans to deploy the “Standard-P” system are also indicated.
A Review of Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA) Detector Technologies and Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Items (2009)

Abstract : This report provides a review of the open-source literature (unclassified) and information obtained from manufacturers regarding the technologies, including advantages and disadvantages, used in commercially available equipment currently employed for the detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs). A brief description of the well-known, commercial-off-the-shelf instruments that employ these technologies is also provided.