gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in adjuvant discovery for peptide-based subunit vaccines (2013)

Peptide-based subunit vaccines are of great interest in modern immunotherapy as they are safe, easy to produce and well defined. However, peptide antigens produce a relatively weak immune response, and thus require the use of immunostimulants (adjuvants) for optimal efficacy. Developing a safe and effective adjuvant remains a challenge for peptide-based vaccine design. Recent advances in immunology have allowed researchers to have a better understanding of the immunological implication of related diseases, which facilitates more rational design of adjuvant systems. Understanding the molecular structure of the adjuvants allows the establishment of their structure-activity relationships which is useful for the development of next-generation adjuvants. This review summarizes the current state of adjuvants development in the field of synthetic peptide-based vaccines. The structural, chemical and biological properties of adjuvants associated with their immunomodulatory effects are discussed.
Constructions of particular random processes (1994)

This paper reviews how to construct sets of random numbers with particular amplitude distributions and correlations among values. These constructions support both high-fidelity Monte Carlo simulation and analytic design studies. A variety of constructions is presented to free engineering models from "white or normal" limitations embodied in many current simulations. The methods support constructions of conventional stationary and normally distributed processes, nonstationary, nonnormal signal and interference waveforms, nonhomogeneous random scenes, nonhomogeneous volumetric clutter realizations, and snapshots of randomly evolving, nonhomogeneous scenes. Each case will have specified amplitude statistics, e.g., normal, log-normal, uniform, Weibull, or discrete amplitude statistics; and selected correlation, e.g., white, pink, or patchy statistics, clouds. or speckles. Sets of random numbers with correlation, nonstationarities, various tails for the amplitude distributions, and multimodal distributions can be constructed. The paper emphasizes aspects of probability theory necessary to engineering modeling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The radioisotope renocvstogram. (1961)

An optimum arrangement of external scintillation detection equipment for obtaining reliable renograms is described. Considerable latitude in this area is permissible. I/sup 131/-labeled Hippuran has been a major factor in the improvement of the radioisctope renogram. The conventional renogram has been developed into a multipurpose radiotracer test called the Hippuran I/sup 131/ renocystogram. (auth)
Purification and Characterization of $\beta$-Xylosidase from Trichoderma sp. SY (2004)

A β-xylosidase was purified from the culture of Trichoderma sp. SY. The ten-day-old culture filtrate was concentrated, followed by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. As a result, β-xylosidase was finally purified about 53-fold and appeared as a single band by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature were 5.0 and 55C, respectively, and the molecular weight about 80 kDa. The purified β-xylosidase was found to be inhibited by various metal ions but not inhibited by xylose.
<title>Automatic path searching for minimally invasive neurosurgical planning</title> (2002)

We are developing a neurosurgical planning system, and this paper presents a method of automatic path searching from skin surface of the head to tumor inside the brain. The path obtained by our system is an optimal one in minimally invasive neurosurgery and it is calculated automatically based on a 3D atlas. The 3D atlas is a voxel based 3D matrix, and consists of two parts, structural part and knowledge part. The structural part includes the geometrical information with respect to each tissue. The knowledge part is generated based on experiences of doctors, and numeric value is provided as importance value for each tissue. The path searching consists of two steps, path finding and path smoothing. Path finding is to select an optimal path from surface of the head to the affected part based on minimization of importance value integrating along with the path. We applied the algorithm into a head MRI data set. The path obtained by path finding is reformed smoothly to approach the natural path of surgeon.
Determination of Alpha-Keto Acids in Etiolated Soybean Seedlings by Thin-Layer Chromatography (1967)

黒大豆もやしの子葉と胚部分について, 発芽10日目までのα-ケト酸の変化を薄層クロマトグラフィーにより測定した。10日目の下胚軸を除いては, どの部分にもグリオキシル酸, ピルビン酸, オキザロ酢酸, α-ケトグルタル酸, α-ケトイソカプロン酸が認められた。グリオキシル酸は他のケト酸よりもかなり存在量が多く, 発芽日数とともに子葉中でやや増加の傾向を示し, 胚部分では相当に増加する。特に新たに生育する部分に増加が著しい。α-ケトグルタル酸は子葉中で次第に減少する。また, 生育部分ではオキザロ酢酸とともに下胚軸に少なく, 10日目では認めることができなかった。明所発芽のものに比べて暗所発芽のもやしでは, ピルビン酸, α-ケトグルタル酸が生育部分に少なく, 子葉に多かった。
Measuring simultaneous events in a multiprocessor system (1982)

In the hierarchically organized multiprocessor system EGPA, which has the structure of a pyramid, the performance of concurrent programs is studied. These studies are assisted by a hardware monitor (ZÄHLMONITOR III), which measures not only the activity and idle states of CPU and channels, but records the complete history of processes in the CPU and interleaved I/O activities. The applied method is distinguished from usual hardware measurements for two reasons: it puts together the a priori independent event-streams coming from the different processors to a well ordered single event stream and it records not only hardware but also software events. Most useful have been traces of software events, which give the programmer insight into the dynamic cooperation of distributed subtasks of his program. This paper describes the measurement method and its application to the analysis of the behaviour of a highly asynchronous parallel algorithm: the projection of contour lines from a given point of view and the elimination of hidden lines.
Reliable intersection protocols using vehicular networks (2013)

Autonomous driving will play an important role in the future of transportation. Various autonomous vehicles have been demonstrated at the DARPA Urban Challenge [3]. General Motors has recently unveiled their Electrical-Networked Vehicles (EN-V) in Shanghai, China [5]. One of the main challenges of autonomous driving in urban areas is transition through cross-roads and intersections. In addition to safety concerns, current intersection management technologies such as stop signs and traffic lights can introduce significant traffic delays even under light traffic conditions.
Plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy and characterization of the MgxZn1-xO/ZnO hetero-structures (1999)

Active dispersal of microorganisms is often attributed to the cells' motile organelles. However, much less is known about whether sessile cells can access such motility through aggregation with motile counterparts. Here, we show that the rosette aggregates of the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus, although predominantly sessile, can actively disperse through the flagellar motors of motile members. Comparisons in kinematics between the motile rosettes and solitary swimming cells indicate that the rosettes can be powered by as few as a single motor. We further reconstructed the 3D movements of the rosettes to reveal that their proximity to a solid-liquid interface promotes a wheel-like rolling, as powered by the flagellar torque. This rolling movement also features a sequence of sharp turns, a reorientation mechanism distinct from that of swimming cells. Overall, our study elucidates an unexplored regime of aggregation-based motility that can be widely applied to sessile-motile composites.
Flux Reversal in Three-Rung Laddics (1962)

When the flux in the driven branch of a multipath core is reversed most of it will return via the shortest return path in the core. A small fraction will return by the next shortest. The ratio of the flux change in the shortest path to that in the next shortest is called the branching ratio r. Experimental branching ratios are much larger than they reasonably should be. In this paper a magnetic circuit analysis which neglects leakage and reversible flux but includes the dependence of branch reluctance on flux is applied to the three-rung laddic. The calculations predict a branching ratio at infinite drive which is about a factor of two greater than might be naively expected. Except in special cases they predict that it should decrease monotonically with drive. Experimentally it may either increase, decrease, or saturate shortly after threshold. The experimental values are uniformly greater than the theoretical. It appears likely that the disparity between theory and experiment can be attributed to flux leakage during switching. This leakage may be minimized by silver plating the core. A remeasurement of the branching ratio as a function of drive and geometry seems to be indicated at the present time.
"La Scoperta dell’America" de Cesare Pascarella (1890) (1994)

Nous avons affaire à un auteur mineur, relativement peu connu en Italie hors de Rome, et encore moins - a fortiori - hors d'Italie ; il est néanmoins significatif ("en valeur absolue") d'un genre et d'une époque, et il nous a paru ici intéressant pour la manière dont il traite le sujet qui nous réunit. Cesare Pascarella naît à Rome en 1858 et fait ses premières études au séminaire de Frascati. La prise de Rome (1870) met un terme à cette amorce d'une vocation sacerdotale éventuelle, et que co...
Semantics-Based Transaction Processing for Real-Time Databases: The Case of Automated Stock Trading (1999)

In the future, automated stock trading (AST) databases will need to support execution of transactions with time constraints similar to that discussed in real-time databases. Transactions in AST databases repeat from a predictable set of transaction classes where the logical read-sets and write-sets of these classes can be established a priori. We propose a novel transaction management mechanism that exploits this a priori knowledge of data requirements to minimize wasted resources and transaction restarts inherent in existing real-time transaction processing mechanisms based on dynamic acquisition of resources. Preanalysis provides a mechanism to incorporate transaction semantics, identify potentially detrimental conflicts, and induce favorable serialization orders before transactions execute. By blocking potentially conflicting transactions, we incorporate an implicit overload management technique. Scheduling decisions can be made efficient to complement serialization orders, thus reducing unnecessary transaction restarts. Our protocol is evaluated using simulation and is shown to outperform existing real-time concurrency control mechanisms under various workload and resource parameters.
Hydroboration. 59. Thexylchloroborane-methyl sulfide. A new stable monohydroborating agent with exceptional regioselectivity (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroboration. 59. Thexylchloroborane-methyl sulfide. A new stable monohydroborating agent with exceptional regioselectivityHerbert C. Brown, James A. Sikorski, Surendra U. Kulkarni, and Hsiupu D. LeeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 5, 863–872Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00344a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00344a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Readout System for Arrays of Frisch-Ring CdZnTe Detectors (2007)

Frisch-ring CdZnTe detectors have demonstrated good energy resolution for identifying isotopes, <1% FWHM at 662 keV, and good efficiency for detecting gamma rays. To facilitate the application of this detector in radiation detection, we are designing a portable device that can incorporate with an 8times8 Frisch-ring detector array. A prototype system has been designed, which includes detector modules, front-end electronics, signal processing circuit, USB interface and high-voltage power supply. This paper describes the design and assembly of the detector modules and the structure of the prototype system. Some test results are also reported.
Laser tumor treatment in oral and maxillofacial surgery (2010)

Cancer treatment is an integral part of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral cancer in particular is a highly prevalent neoplasm. Standard treatment for most of the tumors is radical surgery combined with stage-based neo-/adjuvant therapy. Laser surgery has become a reliable treatment option for oral cancer as well as for precancerous lesions. Widely used lasers in oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery are the CO2 laser, the Er:YAG laser, the Nd:YAG laser and the KTM laser. The use of lasers in tumor surgery has several advantages: remote application, precise cutting, hemostasis, low cicatrization, reduced postoperative pain and swelling, can be combined with endoscopic, microscopic and robotic surgery. However, laser surgery has some major drawbacks: In contrast to conventional incisions with scalpels, the surgeon gets no feedback during laser ablation. There is no depth sensation and no tissue specificity with a laser incision, increasing the risk of iatrogenic damage to nerves and major blood vessels. Future prospects may solve these problems by means of an optical feedback mechanism that provides a tissue-specific laser ablation. First attempts have been made to perform remote optical tissue differentiation. Additionally, real time optical tumor detection during laser surgery would allow for a very precise and straight forward cancer resection, enhancing organ preservation and hence the quality of life for patients with cancer in the head and neck region.
Corneal Damage due to Eye Contact With Chlorhexidine Gluconate (1989)

To the Editor.— Use of chlorhexidine gluconate for preparing a patient's facial skin prior to surgical incision has resulted in irreversible corneal damage in at least four patients. Cases 1 and 2 were reported to the Food and Drug Administration; cases 3 and 4 were reported by Hamed et al. 1 Report of Cases.— Case1.—A 60-year-old woman was treated with chlorhexidine gluconate on the face prior to transantral ethmoidectomy. Chlorhexidine gluconate got into her eyes, where it remained for one hour. She developed bilateral eye redness, pain, and diminished vision (20/200), due to severe corneal damage. A corneal transplant was performed two months later. Case 2.— A 45-year-old woman was treated with chlorhexidine gluconate for presurgical preparation of the face. The length of time the drug remained in the eyes is not known. Corneal injuries resulted in both eyes and remained present at three months' follow-up. Vision in one
Highly sensitive detection of urinary protein variations using tilted fiber grating sensors with plasmonic nanocoatings (2015)

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical fiber biosensors can be used as a cost-effective and relatively simple-to-implement alternative to well established bulky prism configurations for high sensitivity biological sample measurements. The miniaturized size and remote operation ability offer them a multitude of opportunities for single-point sensing in hard-to-reach spaces, even possibly in vivo. The biosensor configuration reported in this work uses a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) in a commercial single mode fiber coated with a nanometer scale silver film. The key point is that by reducing the silver film thickness to around 20-30 nm (rather than 50 nm for optimal SPR excitation), different modes of the TFBG spectrum present very high but opposite sensitivities to refractive index (RI) changes around the TFBG. Experimental results obtained with the coated TFBG embedded inside a microfluidic channel show an amplitude sensitivity greater than 8000 dB/RIU (Refractive Index Unit) and a limit of detection of 10(-5)RIU. Using this device, the effect of different concentrations of protein in rat urine was clearly differentiated between healthy samples, nephropatic samples and samples from individuals under treatment, with a protein concentration sensitivity of 5.5 dB/(mg/ml) and a limit of detection of 1.5 × 10(-3)mg/ml. Those results show a clear relationship between protein outflow and variations in the RI of the urine samples between 1.3400 and 1.3408, pointing the way to the evaluation and development of new drugs for nephropathy treatments. The integration of TFBGs with microfluidic channels enables precise measurement control over samples with sub-microliter volumes and does not require accurate temperature control because of the elimination of the temperature cross-sensitivity inherent in TFBG devices. Integration of the TFBG with a hypodermic needle on the other hand would allow similar measurements in vivo. The proposed optical fiber/microfluidic plasmonic biosensor represents an appealing solution for rapid, low consumption and highly sensitive detection of analytes at low concentrations in medicine as well as in chemical and environmental monitoring.
Initial performance evaluation of a modular, large-area detector PET scanner for small animal imaging (2006)

The biophysical conditions under which most positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of small animals takes place are often poorly characterized and highly variable. And as such, one frequently needs to balance the desire to achieve high spatial resolution with the need to, for example, capture transient phenomena or survey large regions in brief periods. Since these tradeoffs are application dependent, it is desirable that such imaging systems be flexible for meeting varying needs in imaging performance. To this end we describe a PET system under development that incorporates modular detectors and provides application-specific scanning configurations. Our current prototype consists of two opposing flat-panel single-layer LSO detector heads from a high resolution research tomograph system - with adjustable detector separation, energy and coincidence window widths, and scan geometry. Preliminary measurements demonstrate a spatial resolution of 1.6 mm and an absolute detection sensitivity of /spl sim/8% at the center of the prototype. For mouse-sized phantoms and 7 cm detector separation, the 250-750 keV energy window was found to yield the optimal noise equivalent count rate curve.
Quantification of excretory renal function and urinary protein excretion by determination of body cell mass using bioimpedance analysis (2015)

Prediction of CrCl based on estimated urinary creatinine excretion determined from measurement of BCM by BIA technique is both accurate and convenient to quantify renal function in normal and diseased states. This new method may become particularly helpful for the evaluation of patients with borderline renal insufficiency and/or with abnormal body composition.
Selective pre-concentration of arsenite on mercapto-modified silica gel (1987)

A surface-modified silica gel has been developed for the pre-concentration of arsenite from natural waters. The reaction of silica gel with (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane produces a mercapto-modified silica gel with a silver capacity of ca. 0.9 mmol g–1. This material selectively removes arsenite from samples that also contain arsenate, monomethylarsonate and dimethylarsinate, and can be employed for both the column and batch pre-concentration of arsenite. Under column and batch conditions recoveries of ca. 96 and 94% are obtained but reproducibility is better for the column technique.
Efficient formation of inert Bi-213 chelates by tetraphosphorus acid analogues of DOTA: towards improved alpha-therapeutics (2018)

Cyclen derivatives bearing four N-methylenephosphonic or -phosphinic acid substituents, e.g., DOTP, are capable of complexing the alpha-emitting radionuclide <sup>213</sup>Bi<sup>III</sup> with higher efficiency and in-vitro stability than the current gold standards DOTA and CHX-A"-DTPA.
Recombinant thyrotropin receptor and the induction of autoimmune thyroid disease in BALB/c mice: a new animal model (1994)

In a preliminary study, we observed the production of TSH binding-inhibiting (TBII) and thyroid-blocking (TBAb) antibodies accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid in a pool of male BALB/c mice immunized with the extracellular domain (ECD) of the human TSH receptor (TSHR) expressed as a maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusion in bacteria. In the present study we evaluated the humoral response to the same antigenic preparation in a new series of individual male and female BALB/c mice immunized ip on day 0 with 100 micrograms MBP-ECD and days 25, 39, and 53 with 50 micrograms MBP-ECD in an adjuvant composed of aluminum oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and Bordetella pertussis vaccine. Mice immunized with MBP served as control. Individual sera and immunoglobulins were tested for TBII, TBAb, and thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb) on days 0, 32, 46, and 60, and total circulating T4 levels were measured by RIA. Animals were killed on day 120, their thyroids were examined histologically, the infiltrates were characterized using monoclonal antibodies specific for T-cells (total, activated, helper, and suppressor), B-cells, and macrophages. Sera and immunoglobulins G of the MBP-treated control group were all negative for TSAb, TBAb, and TBII activity. The receptor-immunized mice, despite having high titers of antibodies to the immunogen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, displayed a heterogeneous response in terms of biological activity, with 3 of 7 female and 4 of 8 male mice having TBAb/TBII activities that persisted and whose activity increased throughout the experiment. No significant TSAb antibody activity was observed. Total T4 levels were also heterogeneous even before immunization, but 9 of 15 MBP-ECD-treated mice had levels below the normal range after immunization, and 7 of these also had TBII/TBAb activities. At the end of the experiment, only 4 of the MBP-ECD-treated female mice survived, but all of them had a severe lymphocytic infiltration of their thyroid, composed mostly of activated T-cells, although B-cells and macrophages were also present. A similar infiltrate was seen in 4 of 8 male MBP-ECD-treated mice. No infiltrate was observed in male or female MBP-treated mice. The model described demonstrates the feasibility of using the TSHR as an immunogen to overcome tolerance and mimics some characteristics of human autoimmune disease of the thyroid.