gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Symbolic model checking for sequential circuit verification (1994)

The temporal logic model checking algorithm of Clarke, Emerson, and Sistla (1986) is modified to represent state graphs using binary decision diagrams (BDD's) and partitioned transition relations. Because this representation captures some of the regularity in the state space of circuits with data path logic, we are able to verify circuits with an extremely large number of states. We demonstrate this new technique on a synchronous pipelined design with approximately 5/spl times/10/sup 120/ states. Our model checking algorithm handles full CTL with fairness constraints. Consequently, we are able to express a number of important liveness and fairness properties, which would otherwise not be expressible in CTL. We give empirical results on the performance of the algorithm applied to both synchronous and asynchronous circuits with data path logic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Fully-Automated Measurement System for 77-GHz Mixers (2007)

A fully-automated measurement system for 77-GHz mixers is presented. Power and frequency of LO signal plus up to three RF signals can accurately be configured. The RF signals are combined before being applied to the device under test (DUT) making single and dual tone measurements possible combined with the emulation of a blocking signal as important for transceiver applications. Thus, for the first time to the author's knowledge, it is possible to gain detailed insight into the large-signal behaviour of 77-GHz mixer circuits using an integrated low-cost solution.
Optimal sampling time after preparation of platelet concentrates for detection of bacterial contamination by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (2005)

PCR enables the rapid detection of low initial numbers of bacteria in PCs. For reliable detection, our results support that sampling of PCs for real-time PCR screening should not be carried out earlier than 1 day after preparation (48 h after blood collection). Importantly, the real-time PCR approach has the potential to be used before the release of PCs from the blood centre or shortly before they are transfused in the hospital.
<b>Chelation as a Driving Force in Organic Reactions. IV.<sup>1</sup> Synthesis of α-Nitro Acids by Control of the Carboxylation-Decarboxylation Equilibrium</b><sup>2</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChelation as a Driving Force in Organic Reactions. IV.1 Synthesis of α-Nitro Acids by Control of the Carboxylation-Decarboxylation Equilibrium2Herman L. Finkbeiner and Martin. StilesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 5, 616–622Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00888a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00888a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1830Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tristetraprolin Inhibits Ras-dependent Tumor Vascularization by Inducing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor mRNA Degradation (2007)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important regulators of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Constitutive activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and overexpression of VEGF are common denominators of tumors from different origins. We have established a new link between these two fundamental observations converging on VEGF mRNA stability. In this complex phenomenon, tristetraprolin (TTP), an adenylate and uridylate-rich element-associated protein that binds to VEGF mRNA 3'-untranslated region, plays a key role by inducing VEGF mRNA degradation, thus maintaining basal VEGF mRNA amounts in normal cells. ERKs activation results in the accumulation of TTP mRNA. However, ERKs reduce the VEGF mRNA-destabilizing effect of TTP, leading to an increase in VEGF expression that favors the angiogenic switch. Moreover, TTP decreases RasVal12-dependent VEGF expression and development of vascularized tumors in nude mice. As a consequence, TTP might represent a novel antiangiogenic and antitumor agent acting through its destabilizing activity on VEGF mRNA. Determination of TTP and ERKs status would provide useful information for the evaluation of the angiogenic potential in human tumors.
Drawing Blood from Rats through the Saphenous Vein and by Cardiac Puncture (2007)

Drawing blood from rodents is necessary for a large number of both in vitro and in vivo studies. Sites of blood draws are numerous in rodents: retro-orbital sinus, jugular vein, maxillary vein, saphenous vein, heart. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages, and some are not approved any more in some countries (e.g., retro-orbital draws in Holland). A discussion of different techniques for drawing blood are available (1-3). Here, we present two techniques for drawing blood from rats, each with its specific applications. Blood draw from the saphenous vein, provided it is done properly, induces minimal distress in animals and does not require anesthesia. This technique allows repeated draws of small amounts of blood, such as needed for pharmacokinetic studies (4,5), determining plasma chemistry, or blood counts (6). Cardiac puncture allows the collection of large amounts of blood from a single animal (up to 10 ml of blood can be drawn from a 150 g rat). This technique is therefore very useful as a terminal procedure when drawing blood from the saphenous would not provide a large enough sample. We use cardiac puncture when we need sufficient amounts of serum from a specific strain of rats to grow T lymphocyte lines in vitro (4-9).
Near Data Processing (2015)

A promising recent development that can provide continued scaling of performance is the ability to stack multiple DRAM layers on a multi-core processor die. This paper analyzes the interaction between the interconnection network and the memory hierarchy in such systems, and its impact on system performance. We explore the design considerations of a 3D system with DRAM-on-processor stacking and note that full advantages of 3D can only be achieved by configuring the memory with high number of channels. This significantly increases memory level parallelism which results in decreasing the traffic per DRAM bank, reducing their queuing delays, but increasing it on the interconnection network, making remote accesses expensive. To reduce the latency and traffic on the network, we propose restructuring the memory hierarchy to a memory-side cache organization and also explore the effects of various address translations and OS page allocation strategies. Our results indicate that a carefully designed 3D memory system can already improve performance by 25-35% without looking towards new sophisticated techniques.
Ice Prevention and Weather Monitoring on Cable-Stayed Bridges (2014)

The Veteran's Glass City Skyway (VGCS) is a large cable-stayed bridge with a single pylon.Since the bridge has gone into service in 2007, five major icing events have occurred causing a high risk to traveling public and lanes and/or bridge closures.Several studies have been conducted to help the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) in developing ice hazard mitigation strategies.This thesis addresses four aspects of the strategies including the development of (1) an ice presence-and-state sensor, (2) a suitable thickness measurement device for this project, (3) anti and de-icing strategies using internal heating, and (4) anti-icing strategy using superhydrophobic coatings.An "ice presence-and-state sensor" (UT icing sensor) based on electric impendence was successfully developed.The sensor is rugged and compact, and can be mounted directly on the stay.Once mounted, it has the ability to identify the presence of, ice, slush (wet snow), or water.Currently the sensor is ready for deployment for actual application on the VGCS bridge.Additionally, an "UT laser thickness sensor" was found to be suitable for detecting a full profile of ice or snow thickness on a stay.None of the anti/deicing strategies tested was found to be a solution for VGCS icing problems.The internal heating method failed to prevent ice from accumulating on the
Geophysical Lunar Almanac (1938)

Summary—The astronomical year‐books furnish complete data for the motion of the apparent Moon from day to day. Those tables, which so far have had no counterpart for the mean Moon, are frequently, because of their convenience, used as a basis for geophysical computations on lunar effects. Thereby, however, the connection is lost with the harmonic analysis of the tidal forces, which is based on the mean Moon; furthermore, the unequal length of the apparent lunar day is troublesome in the computations. Adolf Schmidt has introduced magnitudes μ, (π+μ), and (ρ+μ), which, in suitable form, indicate the phase of the mean Moon and its distance from mean perigee and from the mean ascending node of the Moon's orbit. Tables are given here for these magnitudes, from which they can be read easily for each day of the years 1850 to 1975. The differences between the motions of the apparent Moon and the mean Moon are illustrated by some extreme cases.
Exploring Content Selection in Summarization of Novel Chapters (2020)

We present a new summarization task, generating summaries of novel chapters using summary/chapter pairs from online study guides. This is a harder task than the news summarization task, given the chapter length as well as the extreme paraphrasing and generalization found in the summaries. We focus on extractive summarization, which requires the creation of a gold-standard set of extractive summaries. We present a new metric for aligning reference summary sentences with chapter sentences to create gold extracts and also experiment with different alignment methods. Our experiments demonstrate significant improvement over prior alignment approaches for our task as shown through automatic metrics and a crowd-sourced pyramid analysis. * Equal contribution. Work done while at Amazon. 1 We tried two abstractive models (Chen and Bansal, 2018; Liu and Lapata, 2019) but ROUGE was low and the output was poor with many repetitions and hallucinations.
Lorcaserin: A novel, selective 5-HT2C-receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity (2010)

Obesity is a prevalent disease that has reached epidemic proportions in both the developed and developing world. In the United States, it is estimated that 66% of the adult population is overweight or obese. There are several available pharmacologic treatments for obesity used as an adjunct to diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy. However, weight loss with these agents is modest and usually reversible when the drug is discontinued, and novel, more-effective anti-obesity agents are desperately needed.
The quantitative determination of glycosaminoglycans in urine with Alcian Blue 8GX (1973)

1. The effect of MgCl(2) concentration on the interaction of Alcian Blue 8GX and glycosaminoglycans in the urine of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis was studied by using a new quantitative micro method for the measurement of Alcian Blue-glycosaminoglycan complexes. This provided a means of measuring the critical electrolyte concentrations of urinary glycosaminoglycans. 2. Theoretical considerations based on the preceding paper (Whiteman, 1973) and experimental evidence provided here show that Alcian Blue 8GX may be used for the direct quantitative determination of total urinary glycosaminoglycans. The method is simple, requires sample volumes of 50mul or less, and gives results comparable with those obtained by other more complicated methods.
Keyframe-based Video Summarization using Visual Attention Clue (2009)

A visual attention index descriptor based on a visual attention model bridges the semantic gap between low-level descriptors used by computers and high-level concepts perceived by humans.
Breaking the diffraction resolution barrier in far-field microscopy by molecular optical bistability (2006)

We demonstrate the breaking of the diffraction resolution barrier in far-field fluorescence microscopy by photoswitching ensembles of optically bistable organic molecular markers from a non-fluorescent to a fluorescent state and back. The photoswitching is accomplished by an isomerization reaction of a photochromic compound serving as a reversible energy acceptor of a fluorescent compound. The surpassing of the diffraction barrier with power levels of only a few hundred W cm−2 of continuous wave irradiation is evidenced both in the effective point spread function and in the fluorescence images of test samples.
Progress on science journal of China (2007)

Science journals of China are confronted with new challenge and opportunity as China entered into WTO.Chinese journals will inevitably exhibit technicality,regionally character and specialization,publishing modernization,and internationalization and standardization
Direct Bonding of Glass Substrates (2010)

We report on investigations of direct bonding of glass materials for application as optical devices or high precision mechanical stages under vacuum. SiO2 (fused silica) wafers of about 0.8 mm thickness and 200mm diameter were bonded to massive SiO2 substrates of up to 20 mm thickness. With suitable wet cleaning and a low pressure Nitrogen plasma surface activation, rather high quality (optically transparent) bonds were obtained. Successful bonding was achieved at relatively low temperatures of about 250°Celsius in vacuum under compressive forces of several tens of kN, using a commercial bond equipment. Remaining bonding defects were analyzed by transmitting polarized light and measuring stress birefringence. At particle related defects in the bonding area, stress levels of the order of 0.2 MPa were discerned. Small unbound regions typically emerged at locations where no significant pressure was applied during the bonding process. Crack-opening indicated a bonding strength of about 0.6 J/m².
A Parallel Adaptable Routing Algorithm and its Implementation on a Two-Dimensional Array Processor (1987)

A new parallel-processing wire-routing algorithm is presented and implemented on a parallel processor. The two main features of the parallel algorithm are the control of the path quality and the finding of a quasi-minimum Steiner tree. Both Lee's maze algorithm and the proposed algorithm are implemented on an AAP-1 two-dimensional array processor, and the performance is compared to that of software programming on a general-purpose computer. It is shown experimentally that routing by the proposed algorithm implemented on the AAP-1 is 230 times faster than a software maze router run on a 1-MIPS computer for a three-pin/net circuit on a 256 X 256 grid.
Dynamic Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (2018)

This paper describes a novel Byzantine fault tolerant protocol that allows replicas to join and exit dynamically. With the astonishing success of cryptocurrencies, people attach great importance in “blockchain” and robust Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT) protocols for consensus. Among the conventional wisdom, the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), proposed by Miguel and Liskov in 1999, occupies an important position. Although PBFT has many advantages, it has fatal disadvantages. Firstly, it works in a completely enclosed environment, where users who want to add or take out any node must stop the whole system. Secondly, although PBFT guarantees liveness and safety if at most [n-1/ 3] c out of a total n replicas are faulty, it takes no measure to deal with these ineffective or malicious replicas, which is harmful to the system and will cause system crash finally. These drawbacks are unbearable in practice. In order to solve them, we present an alternative, Dynamic PBFT.
Topotactic electron induced and thermal decomposition of copper(II) hydroxide (1970)

The decomposition of Cu(OH)2 on electron irradiation and thermal treatment has been investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermo-analytical and electron microscopic methods. A sudden, reversible elongation of the c axis of Cu(OH)2 at about 50°C has been found and the topotactic relation between Cu(OH)2, CuO and Cu2O established. The reaction is one-dimensionally controlled, as only one crystallographic axis of the initial hydroxide is conserved as a structural element throughout the decomposition reaction.
Distinct Membrane Domains on Endosomes in the Recycling Pathway Visualized by Multicolor Imaging of Rab4, Rab5, and Rab11 (2000)

Two endosome populations involved in recycling of membranes and receptors to the plasma membrane have been described, the early and the recycling endosome. However, this distinction is mainly based on the flow of cargo molecules and the spatial distribution of these membranes within the cell. To get insights into the membrane organization of the recycling pathway, we have studied Rab4, Rab5, and Rab11, three regulatory components of the transport machinery. Following transferrin as cargo molecule and GFP-tagged Rab proteins we could show that cargo moves through distinct domains on endosomes. These domains are occupied by different Rab proteins, revealing compartmentalization within the same continuous membrane. Endosomes are comprised of multiple combinations of Rab4, Rab5, and Rab11 domains that are dynamic but do not significantly intermix over time. Three major populations were observed: one that contains only Rab5, a second with Rab4 and Rab5, and a third containing Rab4 and Rab11. These membrane domains display differential pharmacological sensitivity, reflecting their biochemical and functional diversity. We propose that endosomes are organized as a mosaic of different Rab domains created through the recruitment of specific effector proteins, which cooperatively act to generate a restricted environment on the membrane.
Physically-based simulation of objects represented by surface meshes (2004)

Objects and scenes in virtual worlds such as 3D computer games are typically represented by polygonal surface meshes. On the other hand, physically-based simulations of deformations or fracture effects require volumetric representations such as tetrahedral meshes. In this paper we propose techniques to generate volumetric meshes dynamically for objects represented by surface meshes allowing the simulation of physical effects such as motion, deformation and fracture. We use the finite element method based on cubical elements of uniform size. Regular cube meshes have several advantages over geometrically more complex representations. Because of their simplicity, cube meshes can be generated quickly by voxelizing objects while neither geometry nor stiffness information needs to be stored explicitly. The low memory consumption makes physically-based animation possible for large scenes even on game consoles. We animate the original high resolution surface mesh by coupling it to the underlying volumetric mesh. This way, the regular structure of the volumetric mesh is hidden from the user. We also propose a technique to fracture the surface mesh along with the cube mesh which keeps the surface watertight and results in realistic fracture patterns
Complex and dynamic landscape of RNA polyadenylation revealed by PAS-Seq (2011)

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) of mRNAs has emerged as an important mechanism for post-transcriptional gene regulation in higher eukaryotes. Although microarrays have recently been used to characterize APA globally, they have a number of serious limitations that prevents comprehensive and highly quantitative analysis. To better characterize APA and its regulation, we have developed a deep sequencing-based method called Poly(A) Site Sequencing (PAS-Seq) for quantitatively profiling RNA polyadenylation at the transcriptome level. PAS-Seq not only accurately and comprehensively identifies poly(A) junctions in mRNAs and noncoding RNAs, but also provides quantitative information on the relative abundance of polyadenylated RNAs. PAS-Seq analyses of human and mouse transcriptomes showed that 40%-50% of all expressed genes produce alternatively polyadenylated mRNAs. Furthermore, our study detected evolutionarily conserved polyadenylation of histone mRNAs and revealed novel features of mitochondrial RNA polyadenylation. Finally, PAS-Seq analyses of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, neural stem/progenitor (NSP) cells, and neurons not only identified more poly(A) sites than what was found in the entire mouse EST database, but also detected significant changes in the global APA profile that lead to lengthening of 3' untranslated regions (UTR) in many mRNAs during stem cell differentiation. Together, our PAS-Seq analyses revealed a complex landscape of RNA polyadenylation in mammalian cells and the dynamic regulation of APA during stem cell differentiation.
Interaction between the Asn291Ser variant of the LPL gene and insulin resistance on dyslipidaemia in high risk individuals for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (2000)

The Asn/Ser genotype of the LPL gene is associated with dyslipidaemia in normoglycaemic subjects, and the dyslipidaemic phenotype is more severe in insulin-resistant subjects. This association is not seen in diabetic subjects.
Associations Between Soluble CD40 Ligand, Atherosclerosis Risk Factors, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis (2005)

In a large and representative multiethnic population-based sample, sCD40L was not associated with most atherosclerotic risk factors or with subclinical atherosclerosis. These findings suggest that sCD40L will not be useful as a tool to screen for the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in the population. Further evaluation of this biomarker should focus on settings in which platelet activation is common, such as following acute coronary syndromes or coronary revascularization procedures.
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition in chronic lymphocytic B-cell leukemia: A new therapeutic option (2004)

Chronic lymphocytic B-cell leukemia (B-CLL) is an incurable disease characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal mature B cells, although disease progression relies upon cycling B-CLL cells in proliferation centers in central lymph organs. Rapamycin and its analogs are immunosuppressant drugs that exert their activity by specific inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR inhibition induces cell cycle arrest not only in normal lymphocytes but also in malignant cells. Therefore, rapamycins have recently entered the field of cancer treatment. In the present review we discuss how progression through the cell cycle is regulated in B-CLL cells and how rapamycin and its analogs can be used as target therapies against proliferating B-CLL cells. We also focus on additional effects of rapamycin, such as targeting the interaction between malignant B cells and the microenvironment.