gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Window rip-up for faster testing and fault tolerance in FPGAs (2002)

In this paper we present a window based rip-up strategy for incrementally routing signal nets on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). In our strategy we use a variable size window to reduce the problem size when incrementally routing fault tolerant (FT) FPGA circuits. Our methods are suitable for standard FPGA routers as well as specialized routers used to incrementally route circuits in Adaptive Computing Systems (ACSs). We demonstrate our technique on a FPGA based, on-line ACS that is implemented with the ORCA/spl copy/ FPGA available from Lucent Technologies. The effectiveness of the technique for system configuration generation and its associated impact is evaluated across four benchmark circuits programmed on the ORCA 2C FPGA. The results show up to 65.5% reduction in router CPU time and 63.8% reduction in configuration file size.
Antitumor effect of afatinib, as a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐targeted therapy, in lung cancers harboring <i> <scp>HER</scp> 2 </i> oncogene alterations (2015)

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of the HER family of proteins containing four receptor tyrosine kinases. It plays an important role in the pathogenesis of certain human cancers. In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), HER2 amplification or mutations have been reported. However, little is known about the benefit of HER2-targeted therapy for NSCLCs harboring HER2 alterations. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of afatinib, an irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-HER2 dual inhibitor, in lung cancers harboring HER2 oncogene alterations, including novel HER2 mutations in the transmembrane domain, which we recently identified. Normal bronchial epithelial cells, BEAS-2B, ectopically overexpressing wild-type HER2 or mutants (A775insYVMA, G776VC, G776LC, P780insGSP, V659E, and G660D) showed constitutive autophosphorylation of HER2 and activation of downstream signaling. They were sensitive to afatinib, but insensitive to gefitinib. Furthermore, we examined the antitumor activity of afatinib and gefitinib in several NSCLC cell lines, and investigated the association between their genetic alterations and sensitivity to afatinib treatment. In HER2-altered NSCLC cells (H2170, Calu-3, and H1781), afatinib downregulated the phosphorylation of HER2 and EGFR as well as their downstream signaling, and induced an antiproliferative effect through G1 arrest and apoptotic cell death. In contrast, HER2- or EGFR-non-dependent NSCLC cells were insensitive to afatinib. In addition, these effects were confirmed in vivo by using a xenograft mouse model of HER2-altered lung cancer cells. Our results suggest that afatinib is a therapeutic option as a HER2-targeted therapy for NSCLC harboring HER2 amplification or mutations.
Enhancing human understanding of a mobile robot's state and actions using expressive lights (2016)

In order to be successfully integrated into human-populated environments, mobile robots need to express relevant information about their state to the outside world. In particular, animated lights are a promising way to express hidden robot state information such that it is visible at a distance. In this work, we present an online study to evaluate the effect of robot communication through expressive lights on people's understanding of the robot's state and actions. In our study, we use the CoBot mobile service robot with our light interface, designed to express relevant robot information to humans. We evaluate three designed light animations on three corresponding scenarios for each, for a total of nine scenarios. Our results suggest that expressive lights can play a significant role in helping people accurately hypothesize about a mobile robot's state and actions from afar when minimal contextual clues are present. We conclude that lights could be generally used as an effective non-verbal communication modality for mobile robots in the absence of, or as a complement to, other modalities.
Photoluminescent Thermometer Probes: Temperature Measurements in Microwave Fields (1980)

Based on luminescence, the photoluminescent thermometer can in principle function in electromagnetic field coupling and perturbation. Several prototypal probes that have been constructed and tested demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. Temperature resolution of approximately 0.3 degrees C has thus far been achieved. The probes are needle-shaped, sturdy and less than 1 millimeter in size. This thermometer system has excellent potential application in monitoring and controlling tissue temperatures when microwaves are used to induce hyperthermia for cancer treatment.
Experiments in Image Segmentation for Automatic US License Plate Recognition (2004)

License plate recognition/identification (LPR/I) applies image processing and character recognition technology to identify vehicles by automatically reading their license plates. In the United States, however, each state has its own standard-issue plates, plus several optional styles, which are referred to as special license plates or varieties. There is a clear absence of standardization and multi-colored, complex backgrounds are becoming more frequent in license plates. Commercially available optical character recognition (OCR) systems generally fail when confronted with textured or poorly contrasted backgrounds, therefore creating the need for proper image segmentation prior to classification. The image segmentation problem in LPR is examined in two stages: license plate region detection and license plate character extraction from background. Three different approaches for license plate detection in a scene are presented: region distance from eigenspace, border location by edge detection and the Hough transform, and text detection by spectral analysis. The experiments for character segmentation involve the RGB, HSV/HSI and 1976 CIE L*a*b * color spaces as well as their Karhunen-Loéve transforms. The segmentation techniques applied include multivariate hierarchical agglomerative clustering and minimum-variance color quantization. The trade-off between accuracy and computational expense is used to select a final reliable algorithm for license plate detection and character segmentation. The spectral analysis approach together with the K-L L*a*b * transformed color quantization are found experimentally as the best alternatives for the two identified image segmentation stages for US license plate recognition.
Effects of Unpolymerized Resin Components on the Function of Accessory Cells Derived from the Rat Incisor Pulp (1995)

Monomeric resin components from dental composites are toxic to fibroblasts in culture and thus may interfere with the local immune system of the pulp, reducing its effective defense potential, either by cytotoxicity or by a more specific immune mechanism. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to observe the cytotoxic effects elicited by certain unpolymerized components of resin composites upon the function of accessory pulp cells in mitogen-induced proliferation of T-lymphocytes. Accessory cells from the rat incisor pulp were released following enzymatic digestion with collagenase. The assay included incubation of these cells with purified T-lymphocytes from cervical lymph nodes for 72 h in the presence of different concentrations of the resin components. The proliferative T-lymphocyte response was monitored by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Initially, we conducted experiments on spleen cells to determine the proper concentration intervals for suitable testing of the resin components. To assess the individual susceptibility of accessory cells and T-lymphocytes, we pre-treated each of these cells with some of the test materials prior to assay. At low concentrations, urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), bisglycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and bis-phenol A (BPA) increased spleen cell proliferation to concanavalin A (con A). Purified T-lymphocytes stimulated by pulpal cells did not show enhanced responses to UDMA, bis-GMA, glycidyl mehtacrylate (GMA), or N,N,-dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine (DHEpT). At higher concentrations, all substances except camphoroquinone (CAMP) showed inhibitory effects in both test systems. The in vitro study shows that resin components can evoke either immunosuppression or immunostimulation on mitogen-driven proliferation of purified T-lyumphocytes and spleen cells.
Piezoelectric polymer actuators in a vibration isolation application (2000)

We present results from development and testing of lightweight actuators made of the piezoelectric polymer PVDF. The prototype being developed is intended for microgravity applications in space and has been tested aboard NASA's Reduced Gravity Platform. The design has been driven by the requirements for a full 3D environment. Incorporation of additional electrical leads into the actuators themselves may remove the need for a separate umbilical to the suspended experiment. Linear equations describing the displacement of piezoelectric bimorphs were developed and applied to the bellows actuator including the epoxy layer. Properties for the piezoelectric layers were obtained from the literature; properties for the epoxy layer were obtained through ultrasonic testing. To assess the validity of the assumed linearity of the actuator, we conducted nonlinear finite element analysis, which indicated a high degree of linearity on contraction and up to a maximum of 5% deviation on expansion to full deflection (about 6 mm). We have developed and tested a proportional-plus-derivative (PD) control system for use with the actuator in 1D using a novel folded pendulum to simulate a zero-g environment. Passive and active characteristics are both in agreement with theoretical predictions.
Flavor Components Produced by Microorganism during Fermentation of Korean Ordinary Soybean Paste (1984)

In order to improve the quality and develop the new manufacture method of Korean ordinary soybean paste, this experiment was carried out to investigate microoganisms which produced the main flavor of Korean ordinary soybean paste. Microoganisms were isolated and identified. The components of flavor were extracted from culture broth and analyzed by gas chromatogram and the evaluation of sensory test. Isolated microoganisms were supposed as Bacillus sp., Mucor sp. and Penicillium spp. The flavor of culture broth produced by Bacillus sp. was similiar to that of Korean ordinary soybean paste in gas chromatogram and the evaluation of sensory test. The flavor of culture broth produced by Mucor sp. was a little similiar. The flavor of culture broth produced by Penicillium spp. were different.
Hydrographic applications of the global positioning system / (1980)

which the unprocessed manpack data could be employed in a real-time operation was found to be 1:80,000 and smaller by the positioning error criteria of 0.5 mm to the scale of the survey [Umbach, 1976] .
Three-dimensional packaging for multi-chip module with through-the-silicon via hole (2004)

This paper presents an innovative package design for multi-chip modules. The developed package has a flip-chip-on-chip structure. Four memory chips (DRAM for demonstration) are assembled on a silicon chip carrier with eutectic Sn-Pb solder joints. The I/Os of memory chips are fanned-in on the silicon chip carrier to form an area array with larger solder balls. An optional through-the-silicon via hole is made at the center of the chip carrier for underfill dispensing, if required. The whole multi-chip module is mounted on the printed circuit board by the standard surface mount reflow process. After the board level assembly, all specimens are inspected by X-ray and divided into two groups. One group is encapsulated with underfill and the other group is not. For those packages with encapsulation, the underfill is dispensed through the aforementioned via hole to encapsulate the solder joints and memory chips. Subsequently, scanning acoustic microscopy is performed to inspect the quality of underfill. Afterwards, all specimens are subject to the accelerated temperature cycling (ATC) test. During the ATC test, the electrical resistance of those packages is monitored. The experimental results show that the packages without underfill encapsulation may fail in less than 100 thermal cycles while those with underfill can last for more than 1,000 cycles. From the dye ink analysis and the cross-section inspection, it is identified that the packages without underfill have failure in the silicon chip carrier, right under the pads of large solder balls. The ATC test of packages with underfill encapsulation is still ongoing (no observable failure recorded up to 1,200 cycles). With this innovative package design, low profile and high density multi-chip modules can be implemented. Due to the unique package structure and underfill encapsulation, it is believed that good board level reliability can be achieved.
Transferrin Receptor Functions as a Signal‐Transduction Molecule for its Own Recycling Via Increases in the Internal Ca<sup>2</sup> Concentration (1997)

Transferrin binding to its receptor modulates transferrin receptor (Tf-R) recycling rates in several cells [Klausner, R. D., Van Renswoude, J., Ashwell, G., Kempf, C., Schechter, A., Dean, A. & Bridges, K. R. (1983a) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 4715-4724; Gironès, N. & Davis, R. J. (1989) Biochem. J. 264, 35-46; Sainte-Marie, J., Vidal, M., Bette-Bobillo, P., Philippot, J. R. & Bienvenüe, A. (1991) Eur. J. Biochem. 201, 295-302]. To delineate the mechanism of this regulation, we hypothesized that the binding of the ligand to its receptor could lead to activation of several second-messenger pathways, which may redundantly stimulate recycling of the receptor. The effects of different regulators of Ca2+ flux or concentrations were investigated on the Tf-R-recycling pathway; these studies were carried out in two cell types. Perhexiline, a calcium antagonist, slowed receptor recycling in comparison with the control by more than 80% in L2C cells and by 60% in Jurkat cells (B and T lymphoblasts, respectively) but did not affect their internalization rate. Perhexiline thus trapped considerable amounts of Tf-R in the internal compartment. Ca2+ chelators, such as EGTA or 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N,N'-tetraacetic acid, and a Ca2+-channel inhibitor (Ni2+) decreased drastically the recycling rate of Tf-R. Tf-R recycling was shown to be slowed by a calmodulin antagonist. Conversely, artificial elevation of free internal Ca2+ in L2C cells, using lectin, accelerated the recycling rate. These results suggest that the intracellular Ca2+ concentration plays an important role in the outward flow of transferrin receptors. Consequently, we examined the role of transferrin in internal free Ca2+ regulation. The addition of transferrin or anti-(Tf-R) Ig specifically elicited a rise in [Ca2+], as demonstrated by inefficacy of apotransferrin or irrelevant antibodies. These results suggest that Ca2+ is a regulator of Tf-R recycling and that Tf-R seems to function as a signal-transduction molecule (perhaps in conjunction with other membrane proteins) rather than merely as an endocytic receptor.
Cosolvency and sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCosolvency and sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicalsP. Suresh C. Rao, Linda S. Lee, and Rodolfo PinalCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24, 5, 647–654Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/es00075a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views321Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1019 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Increased mast cell expression of PAR‐2 in skin inflammatory diseases and release of IL‐8 upon PAR‐2 activation (2009)

Mast cells are increasingly present in the lesional skin of chronic skin inflammatory diseases including psoriasis and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). It has previously been shown that proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-2 is expressed by mast cells, and tryptase is a potent activator of this receptor. In this study, skin biopsies from both healthy-looking and lesional skin of patients with psoriasis and superficial spreading BCC were collected and the expression of PAR-2 immunoreactivity in tryptase-positive mast cells was analysed. PAR-2 expression was confirmed in vitro in different mast cell populations. Cord-blood derived mast cells (CBMC) were stimulated with a PAR-2 activating peptide, 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-NH(2). Consequently, IL-8 and histamine production was analysed in the supernatants. We observed a significant increase in the percentage of mast cells expressing PAR-2 in the lesional skin of psoriasis and BCC patients compared with the healthy-looking skin. HMC-1.2, LAD-2 and CBMC mast cells all expressed PAR-2 both intracellularly and on the cell surface. CBMC activation with the PAR-2 activating peptide resulted in an increased secretion of IL-8, but no histamine release was observed. Furthermore, both PAR-2 and IL-8 were co-localized to the same tryptase-positive mast cells in the lesional BCC skin. These results show that mast cells express increased levels of PAR-2 in chronic skin inflammation. Also, mast cells can be activated by a PAR-2 agonist to secrete IL-8, a chemokine which can contribute to the progress of inflammation.
Mebendazole Reduces Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointimal Formation Following Vascular Injury in Mice (2014)

Mebendazole is an antihelminthic drug that exerts its effects via interference with microtubule function in parasites. To determine the utility of mebendazole as a potential treatment for vascular diseases involving proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, the effects of mebendazole on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation were tested in vitro and in a mouse model of arterial injury. In vitro, mebendazole inhibited proliferation and migration of murine vascular smooth muscle cells and this was associated with altered intracellular microtubule organization. To determine in vivo effects of mebendazole following vascular injury, femoral arterial wire injury was induced in wild-type mice treated with either mebendazole or placebo control. Compared with placebo-treated mice, mebendazole-treated mice formed less neointima at the site of injury. Mebendazole is effective at inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and neointimal formation following arterial injury in mice.
Effects of acute restraint stress on endogenous adrenomedullin levels (1999)

Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a 52 amino acid peptide, with a potent hypotensive/vasodilatory action. Levels of ADM are significantly elevated in patients with hypertension, and it has been postulated that such stressor-related increases may serve a regulatory or protective function. The current study assessed the effects of acute restraint stress on ADM levels in regions of the brain, plasma and peripheral tissue including heart, lung and the adrenal glands of rats. This stressor, known to stimulate sympathetic activity as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, produced a significant increase in ADM levels in the pituitary gland, plasma and adrenal glands, all of which are key components of the HPA axis. The results suggest a regulatory and/or protective role for ADM in countering HPA activation following a variety of physiological and psychological stressors.
Effects of Iprodione and Fludioxonil on Glycerol Synthesis and Hyphal Development in<i>Candida albicans</i> (2002)

We investigated the effects of iprodione and fludioxonil on the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Growth of the wild-type IFO1385 strain of C. albicans was inhibited by both fungicides, while Saccharomyces cerevisiae was basically unaffected by them even at a concentration of 25 microg/ml. Both fungicides stimulated glycerol synthesis in C. albicans but not in S. cerevisiae. The antioxidant alpha-tocopherol acetate and the cytochrome P-450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide antagonized the fungitoxicity of iprodione and fludioxonil in C. albicans. It is known that mutations within the histidine kinase NIK1/OS-1 gene confer resistance to iprodione and fludioxonil in Neurospora crassa, while the fungicide-insensitive S. cerevisiae has only one histidine kinase SLN1 gene in its genome. In contrast, C. albicans has three histidine kinase genes, namely CaSLN1, CaNIK1/COS1, and CaHK1, the null mutants of which were found to impair the hyphal formation. Iprodione and fludioxonil were found to suppress filamentation when the IFO1385 strain was incubated on a solid medium containing fetal bovine serum. These observations suggest that iprodione and fludioxonil interfere with the CaNIK1/COS1 signal transduction pathway, resulting in glycerol synthesis stimulation and the inhibition of hyphal formation.
Glucosinolates in Crucifer Vegetables: Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Cauliflower, Collards, Kale, Mustard Greens, and Kohlrabi (1987)

Abstract Correlation coefficients based on relative concentrations of 13 glucosinolates in the edible parts of 30 cultivars were determined. Brussels sprouts ( Brassica oleracea L. gemmifera group), cauliflower ( B. oleracea L. botrytis group), and either marrow-stem or smooth-leafed kale ( B. oleracea L. acephala group) had similar glucosinolate patterns based on significant correlations ( P < 0.01). The glucosinolates of ‘Morris Heading’ collards [( B. oleracea L. acephala group (var. sabellica )] were highly correlated with those of curly kale [ B. oleracea L. acephala group (var. selensia )]. Mustard greens [ B. juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss. var. rugosa Bailey] and the corresponding seeds were the most highly correlated of the 17 cultivars for which the edible parts and seeds were compared. Seed analyses indicated relationships among the cultivars somewhat similar to those seen for the edible portions.
Extraction of tree groups from high-resolution digital surface models (2000)

Digital surface models (DSMs) represent a complementary data source to images based on spectral reflectances in remote sensing information processing. Especially high resolution DSMs (sub-meter scale) offer a level of detail sufficient for most forest interpretation tasks. One major drawback in DSM data is the inherent union of object and terrain height. This aggravates image processing tasks like object extraction. It is the aim of this paper to overcome this drawback and solve the problem of extracting borders of tree groups as well as their heights above the ground on the basis of a DSMs of forested areas. The presented approach can be subdivided as follows: first the original DSM is normalized to a preliminary above-ground-model by comparing all pixels to a minimum value in their neighborhood. Non-ground points are identified by thresholding this model. The ground elevation of the non-ground regions is interpolated based on the elevation of the pixels neighboring these regions. Subtracting the resulting DTM from the original DSM yields precise object heights. Finally, a contouring algorithm is applied to retrieve the borders of the tree groups.