gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Incidence and Significance of Myopotential Sensing with Unipolar Pacemakers (1984)

Myopotential oversensing by unipolar pulse generators can cause patient symptoms ranging from dizziness and syncope to ventricular tachycardia. Seventy‐seven patients with implanted unipolar pacemakers from three manufacturers participated in isometric and reach exercises to evaluate their pacemakers susceptibility to myopotentials. Myopotential inhibition occurred in 47% of the patients performing the reach maneuver. Testing revealed a wide difference in level of susceptibility to myopotentials between pacemakers of different manufacture (a low of 33% inhibition for the least susceptible to a high of 78% inhibition for the most susceptible during the reach maneuver). The normal pacing interval was extended by myopotential oversensing for each manufacturer's model within a range of 0.3–3.9 seconds. Pulse generators incorporating additional automatically‐adjusting threshold and reversion circuits in the sense amplifier along with standard bandpass filtering exhibited: a) two‐to‐three times less susceptibility to myopotentials; and b) a 75% reduction in the maximum pacing interval extension as compared with pacemakers with bandpass filtering alone. The effectiveness of insulative coating in reducing myopotential inhibition was substantiated as coated pulse generators had a 22% lower incidence of muscle sensing than those than were uncoated. Six out of seven patients tested had symptoms during Holter monitoring which correlated with pacemaker myopotential inhibition. Selecting pulse generators with improved sensing amplifiers, clinical testing of patients with unipolar pacemakers using the reach method, and reprogramming of sensitivity will significantly reduce the incidence of myopotential inhibition.
A Security Architecture for Personal Networks (2006)

Personal network (PN) is a new concept utilizing pervasive computing to meet the needs of the user. As PNs edge closer towards reality, security becomes an important concern since any vulnerability in the system will limit its practical use. In this paper we introduce a security architecture designed for PNs. Our aim is to use secure but lightweight mechanisms suitable for resource constrained devices and wireless communication. We support pair-wise keys for secure cluster formation and use group keys for securing intra-cluster communication. In order to analyze the performance of our proposed mechanisms, we carry out simulations using ns-2. The results show that our mechanisms have a low overhead in terms of delay and energy consumption
Liner Rotation While Cementing: An Operator's Experience in South Texas (1986)

Summary The literature is replete with papers emphasizing the use of pipe movement while cementing to improve the opportunity for a successful primary cement job. Most operators, however, are reluctant to use liner movement, either reciprocation or rotation, while cementing. This paper reviews experiences with nine rotating liners in south Texas since Dec. 1983. The liner hanger system and procedure used in rotating while cementing is discussed. Mud types and weights, hole sizes vs. bit diameter, cement slurries and volumes, hole deviation, and torque encountered are reviewed. A postanalysis of each job, pressure and differential tests performed, and typical cement bond logs will be presented. Good primary liner cementing minimizes problems in production and stimulations and reduces cost. Liners were rotated throughout cement displacement on 77% of the jobs, while rotation was initiated on 88%. Liner rotation while cementing has improved the cement jobs and reduced the remedial cement work.
Improved genomic blot hybridization. (1989)

For restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and other molecular biology experiments, well prepared (undamaged) genomic DNA is needed, which is then digested with restriction enzymes, transferred to nitrocellulose paper and hybridized with radioactive or nonradioactive probe. DNA damage occurs in fields such as clinical genetics and forensic medicine in the form, for example, of single stranded breaks. If these DNAs are treated with T4 DNA ligase prior to restriction endonuclease digestion, the damaged DNA is repaired. This "repaired DNA" gives improved Southern hybridization results with single copy gene or repeated genes.
An automated tool for describing and evaluating user interfaces (1992)

The authors propose an automated tool that designers of user interfaces could use to formally describe interface designs and evaluate these designs in terms of ease of use and ease of learning. They also describe a prototype system that has been built to illustrate the proposed concept. The tool consists of an Interface Description and Evaluation System (IDES) that allows the performance of the following functions: (1) create a formal description of user interfaces, (2) delete, add and modify parts of an interface description, (3) query an interface description, and (4) evaluate an interface description in terms of human factors. In addition to creating, manipulating and analyzing interface descriptions, an IDES can also be used to generate HELP about how to perform a given task with a given interface and compare the predictions of different analytic models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An all-digital clock generator using a fractionally injection-locked oscillator in 65nm CMOS (2012)

Injection locking is an effective method to reduce the jitter of clock generators especially for a ring oscillator-based PLL that has poor phase noise. While the use of injection locking reduces the output jitter, one disadvantage is that the output frequency can be changed only by integer multiples of the reference frequency, if it can be changed at all. In this work, an ADPLL-based clock generator is presented that employs a fractional-injection-locking method that exploits the multiphase output of a ring oscillator. The clock generator achieves an average of 4.23 ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> jitter and a frequency resolution of 1MHz while using a reference clock of 32MHz.
Optimal Sensor Placement for Damage Detection Based on Ultrasonic Guided Wave (2015)

In this work a methodology for effective positioning of sensors and actuators for damage detection and characterisation is described. The novelty of the proposed methodology is that the fitness function to be optimised does not contain probability of detection (POD) which needs to be obtained for every possible sensor combination. The proposed fitness function is to provide the maximum coverage of the structure via Lamb waves and reduce the negative effects of boundary reflections. Once the fitness function is defines, genetic algorithm (GA) is used as an optimisation strategy to result in optimal sensor positioning.
Tamoxifen Stimulates the Growth of Cyclin D1–Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells by Promoting the Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (2008)

De novo or acquired resistance to tamoxifen is a major clinical challenge for the management of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers. Although cyclin D1 overexpression is associated with a better outcome for breast cancer patients, its overexpression is also linked to tamoxifen resistance. We previously reported that the beneficial effect of cyclin D1 correlates with its ability to repress the antiapoptotic transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In contrast, molecular pathways linking overexpression of cyclin D1 to tamoxifen resistance have not been established. In the current study, the effect of tamoxifen on the growth of genetically matched high or low cyclin D1-expressing breast cancer cells was characterized and the interactions between cyclin D1, ER, and STAT3 in response to tamoxifen treatment were determined. We show that repression of STAT3 by cyclin D1 inhibits cell growth on Matrigel and in tumors in vivo; however, treatment with tamoxifen abolishes cyclin D1-mediated repression of STAT3 and growth suppression. We show that tamoxifen induces a redistribution of cyclin D1 from STAT3 to the ER, which results in the activation of both STAT3 and the ER. These results offer a molecular mechanism for the dual effect of cyclin D1 overexpression in breast cancer and support the notion that the level of cyclin D1 expression and activated STAT3 are important markers to predict response to tamoxifen treatment.
Pilot Plant Syntheses - Perfluoro-n-heptane, perfluorodimethylcyclohexane, and high boiling fluorocarbon oils (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPilot Plant Syntheses - Perfluoro-n-heptane, perfluorodimethylcyclohexane, and high boiling fluorocarbon oilsW. Buford III, R. Fowler, J. Hamilton, Jr., H. Anderson, C. Weber, and R. SweetCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 3, 319–329Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1947Publication History Published online26 January 2005Published inissue 1 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50447a618https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50447a618research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
arabinonucleosides (1979)

Abstract The α‐D‐arabinonucleosides of cytosine ( 6 ) and 5‐fluorouracil ( 9 ) were prepared from the 2,3,‐5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐D‐arabinofuranosyl halides, in keeping with the trans rule. The 2′‐ O ‐methyl‐)3‐D‐arabinonucleosides of 5‐fluorouraeil (β‐ 14 ) and adenine (β‐ 21a ) were prepared from 3,5‐di‐ O ‐(4‐ehlorobenzoyl)‐2‐ O ‐methyl‐α‐D‐arabinofuranosyl chloride, although in both cases a lesser amount of the α‐anomer was also found. Reaction of 3,5‐di‐ O ‐(4‐chlorobenzoyl)‐2‐deoxy‐2‐(methylthio)‐α‐D‐arabinofuranosyl chloride, prepared in four steps from methyl 2,3‐anhydro‐α‐D‐ribofurano‐side ( 15 ), with N ‐benzoyladenine gave slightly more of the β‐ than the α‐arabinonucleoside 20b . The β‐anomer was converted to 9‐[2‐deoxy‐2‐(methylthio)‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyl]adenine. Only 1‐α‐D‐arabinofuranosylcytosine ( 6 ) proved to be cytotoxic.
Photoreactive Nitrile Hydratase: The Photoreaction Site Is Located on the   Subunit (1996)

Nitrile hydratase (NHase) from Rhodococcus sp. N-771 exists in active and inactive forms. The inactive NHase is immediately activated by light irradiation and changes to the active form. To characterize the photoreactive center, the inactive NHase was denatured by 6 M urea, and two kinds of subunits (alpha and beta) were separated and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. In a manner similar to the native NHase, the isolated alpha subunit showed two absorption peaks at 280 and 370 nm, which were diminished by light irradiation. However, irradiation failed to elicit the appearance of absorption peaks at around 400 nm and at 710 nm, which were characteristic of the activated enzyme. The beta subunit seemed not to possess any photoreactive chromophore because its absorption spectrum was not altered by light irradiation. Neither of the subunits showed NHase activity before and after light irradiation, but the inactive NHase was reconstituted by incubating the two subunits together in the dark at 4 degrees C for 1 h. Light irradiation of the beta subunit did not affect subsequent complex formation or NHase activity. However, the irradiated alpha subunit could not assemble with the beta subunit, and no activity was recovered. These results demonstrate that the chromophore(s) responsible for the photoactivation of NHase are entirely located on the alpha subunit, and imply that light irradiation induces conformational change of the alpha subunit.
Cold data eviction using node congestion probability for HDFS based on Hybrid SSD (2015)

Data exist in various persistent-storage formats, and Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) has been recognized to be effective for distributed storage and processing. Recently, the research of Hybrid NAND flash-based solid state drives (SSD) is rapidly expanding into the storage areas including Hybrid ReRAM/MLC NAND SSD. Most existing researches of Hybrid SSD are based on a single storage, while the management of multiple nodes like HDFS is still immature. In this paper a new efficient cold data eviction scheme is proposed which is based on the state of node congestion of Hybrid SSD for HDFS. It computer simulation reveals that the proposed scheme significantly reduces average recovery and execution time in comparison to the existing replication schemes.
The insulin- and glucagon-stimulated ‘dense-vesicle’ high-affinity cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase from rat liver. Purification, characterization and inhibitor sensitivity (1987)

The hormone-stimulated 'dense-vesicle' cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase was solubilized as a proteolytically 'clipped' species, and purified to apparent homogeneity from rat liver with a 2000-3000-fold purification and a 13-18% yield. It appeared to be a dimer (Mr 112,000), of two Mr-57,000 subunits. Solubilization of either a liver or a hepatocyte membrane fraction, with sodium cholate in the presence of the protein inhibitor benzamidine, identified three protein bands which could be immunoprecipitated by a polyclonal antibody raised against the pure enzyme. The major band at Mr 62,000 is suggested to be the native 'dense-vesicle' enzyme, having a Mr-5000 extension which serves to anchor this enzyme to the membrane and which is cleaved off during proteolytic solubilization; the Mr-200,000 band is an aggregate of the Mr-62,000 species, and the Mr-63,000 species is possibly a precursor. The purified 'clipped' enzyme hydrolysed cyclic AMP with kinetics indicative of apparent negative co-operativity, with a Hill coefficient (h) of 0.43 and limiting kinetic constants of Km1 = 0.3 +/- 0.05 microM, Km2 = 29 +/- 6 microM, Vmax.1 = 0.114 +/- 0.015 unit/mg of protein and Vmax.2 = 0.633 +/- 0.054 unit/mg of protein. It hydrolysed cyclic GMP with Michaelis kinetics, Km = 10 +/- 1 microM and Vmax. = 4.1 +/- 0.2 units/mg of protein. Cyclic GMP was a potent inhibitor of cyclic AMP hydrolysis, with an IC50 (concn. giving 50% inhibition) of 0.20 +/- 0.01 microM-cyclic GMP when assayed at 0.1 microM-cyclic AMP. This enzyme was inhibited potently by several drugs known to exert positive inotropic effects on the heart, was extremely thermolabile, with a half-life of 4.5 +/- 0.5 min at 40 degrees C, and was shown to be distinct from the rat liver insulin-stimulated peripheral-plasma-membrane cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase [Marchmont, Ayad & Houslay (1981) Biochem. J. 195, 645-652].
Effect of Four-Wave Mixing on the Transmission Performance of O-Band Multichannel PAM-Based Unamplified Datacenter Interconnects (2018)

Optical links incorporating multilevel pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) with intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) scheme have shown promising features when used as low-cost data center interconnects. This paper addresses the transmission performance of PAM-based wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) interconnect operating in the O-band with 112 Gbps channel data rate and 200 GHz channel spacing and without using optical amplification. The effect of four-wave mixing (FWM), associated with nonlinear fiber optics, on the transmission performance of the unamplified O-band PAM-WDM interconnect is investigated analytically. Simulation results, obtained using Optisystem ver. 15, are then presented for eight different Scenarios, namely 4-PAM 4WDM, 8-PAM 4WDM, 4-PAM 8WDM and 8-PAM 8WDM operating in the absence and presence of polarization interleaving (PI). The results reveal that using PI enhances the transmission performance of O-band PAM-WDM interconnects and this effect is more pronounced for 4-PAM system. At 0 dBm channel launch power, the maximum reach for the 4-PAM 8-WDM interconnect increases from 10 to 42 km by applying PI. These values are to be compared with 38 to 44 km, 8 to 36, and 2 to 10 km, for 4-PAM 4-WDM, 8-PAM 4-WDM, and 8-PAM 8-WDM, respectively.
Structure–activity relationships for α‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide (2012)

This article is part of a themed section on Neuropeptides. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.170.issue-7.
Mapping the Sources of the Seismic Wave Field at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, Using Data Recorded on Multiple Seismic Antennas (2002)

Seismic antennas constitute a powerful tool for the analysis of complex wave fields. Well-designed antennas can identify and separate components of a complex wave field based on their distinct propagation properties. The combination of several antennas provides the basis for a more complete understanding of volcanic wave fields, including an estimate of the location of each individual wave-field component identified simultaneously by at least two antennas. We used frequency–slowness analyses of data from three antennas to identify and locate the different components contributing to the wave fields recorded at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, in February 1997. The wave-field components identified are (1) a sustained background volcanic tremor in the form of body waves generated in a shallow hydrothermal system located below the northeastern edge of the Halemaumau pit crater; (2) surface waves generated along the path between this hydrothermal source and the antennas; (3) back-scattered surface wave energy from a shallow reflector located near the southeastern rim of Kilauea caldera; (4) evidence for diffracted wave components originating at the southeastern edge of Halemaumau; and (5) body waves reflecting the activation of a deeper tremor source between 02 hr 00 min and 16 hr 00 min Hawaii Standard Time on 11 February.
Biology of Obesity: Lessons from Animal Models of Obesity (2011)

Obesity is an epidemic problem in the world and is associated with several health problems, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory failure, muscle weakness, and cancer. The precise molecular mechanisms by which obesity induces these health problems are not yet clear. To better understand the pathomechanisms of human disease, good animal models are essential. In this paper, we will analyze animal models of obesity and their use in the research of obesity-associated human health conditions and diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Cerebral vasospasm: contractile activity of hemoglobin in isolated canine basilar arteries (1980)

✓ Recent studies suggest the possible role of the red blood cell (RBC) in causing chronic cerebral vasospasm. However, the basic action of hemoglobin (Hb), the major component of the RBC, on cerebral arteries remains unknown. The present study was undertaken to analyze the contractile effects of human Hb (purified by ion-exchange chromatography) on canine arteries in vitro . The contractile activity of lysed RBC was shown to be derived from Hb. Hemoglobin in oxygenated form (oxyHb) caused a maximum contraction equal to about 70% of that induced by serotonin in the basilar artery. Ferrous Hb's (oxyHb and carboxyHb) produced much greater contraction than ferric Hb's (methemoglobin and cyanmethemoglobin), suggesting that superoxide radicals, an active species of oxygen, may be related to the contractile activity of Hb. Neither methysergide, phentolamine, mepyramine, nor aspirin inhibited the vasoconstrictive activity of oxyHb. This finding indicates that the activation of serotonergic, alpha-adrenergic, or histaminergic H 1 receptors, or prostaglandin synthesis may not be involved in the mechanism of action of oxyHb. The constituents of Hb caused little or no contraction as compared with Hb as a whole. The basilar artery was more highly sensitive to Hb than arteries from other anatomical locations. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate caused a very slight decrease in the Hb-induced contraction. It is concluded that oxyHb can contract cerebral arteries in vitro . These results, coupled with recent reports on the participation of the RBC in producing chronic vasospasm, strongly suggest that oxyHb released from RBC's plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic cerebral vasospasm.
Computational Estimation of the Distribution of L-type Ca<sup>2+</sup>Channels in Motoneurons Based on Variable Threshold of Activation of Persistent Inward Currents (2005)

In the presence of neuromodulators such as serotonin and noradrenaline, motoneurons exhibit persistent inward currents (PICs) that serve to amplify synaptic inputs. A major component of these PICs is mediated by L-type Ca(2+) channels. Estimates based on electrophysiological studies indicate that these channels are located on the dendrites, but immunohistochemical studies of their precise distribution have yielded different results. Our goal was to determine the distribution of these channels using computational methods. A theoretical analysis of the activation of PICs by a somatic current injection in the absence or presence of synaptic activity suggests that L-type Ca(2+) channels may be segregated to discrete hot spots 25-200 microm long and centered 100-400 microm from the soma in the dendritic tree. Compartmental models based on detailed anatomical measurements of the structure of feline neck motoneurons with L-type Ca(2+) channels incorporated in these regions produced plateau potentials resulting from PIC activation. Furthermore, we replicated the experimental observation that the somatic threshold at which PICs were activated was depolarized by tonic activation of inhibitory synapses and hyperpolarized by tonic activation of excitatory synapses. Models with L-type Ca(2+) channels distributed uniformly were unable to replicate the change in somatic threshold of PIC activation. Therefore we conclude that the set of L-type Ca(2+) channels mediating plateau potentials is restricted to discrete regions in the dendritic tree. Furthermore, this distribution leads to the compartmentalization of the dendritic tree of motoneurons into subunits whose sequential activation lead to the graded amplification of synaptic inputs.