gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrostatics and steady dynamics of spatially varying electromechanical flow structures (1974)

The hydrostatic and steady laminar hydrodynamic equilibria of spatially varying electromechanical flow structures are investigated. Under certain conditions the relationship between the dielectric height of rise and the applied voltage is found to be double valued. It is found that one of the two equilibrium values is always unstable. This gives rise to the experimentally observed spontaneous rise of the fluid to the top of the structure, once a certain critical voltage is reached. Starting above this critical voltage with the structure completely filled and decreasing the applied voltage toward the critical value results in pinch-in failure at an intermediate point along the structure and trapping of dielectric fluid at the top. The simple mathematical model developed predicts all these phenomena, without recourse to tedious point-by-point surface force equilibrium determination. Experiments are reported which verify the results for the hydrostatic case.
A Dietary Supplement Abolishes Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Transgenic Mice Expressing Elevated Free Radical Processes (2003)

We previously found that transgenic mice overexpressing growth hormone (TGM) have elevated and progressively increasing free radical processes in brain that strongly correlates with reduced survivorship. Young mature TGM, however, displayed vastly enhanced learning of an eight-choice cued maze and qualitatively different learning curves than normal controls. Here we document the age-related patterns in learning ability of TGM and normal mice. Learning appeared inferior in both genotypes of very young mice but TGM were confirmed to be superior to normal mice upon maturity. Older TGM, however, showed rapid age-related loss of their exceptional learning, whereas normal mice at 1 year of age showed little change. The cognitive decline of TGM was abolished by a complex “anti-aging” dietary supplement formulated to promote membrane and mitochondrial integrity, increase insulin sensitivity, reduce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and ameliorate inflammation. Results are discussed in the context of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, long-term potentiation, learning, aging and neuropathology, based on known impacts of the growth hormone axis on the brain, and characteristics of TGM.
Correlation of reaction rate acceleration with rotational restriction. Crystal-structure analysis of compounds with a trialkyl lock (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrelation of reaction rate acceleration with rotational restriction. Crystal-structure analysis of compounds with a trialkyl lockJean M. Karle and Isabella L. KarleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 26, 9182–9189Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00781a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00781a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
User modeling in expert man-machine interfaces: a case study in intelligent information retrieval (1990)

The requirements of a user modeling component for an expert interface are analyzed, and the main points of a proposed approach to user modeling are stated. The authors focus on a knowledge-based system, called UM-tool, devoted to creating, maintaining, and using explicit user models within an expert interface. UM-tool supports a novel approach to user modeling, which is based both on the use of stereotypes and on a dynamic reclassification scheme. The architecture of the system is described, the organization and content of its knowledge bases are illustrated, and the modeling mechanisms utilized are presented in detail. An example of the use of UM-tool in the frame of the information-retrieval-natural-language-interface (IR-NLI II) expert interface devoted to supporting end users in accessing online information retrieval services is discussed, focusing on the specific role of the user modeling component. An evaluation of the proposed approach and a critical comparison with related work are presented. Future research directions are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent Advances in Plasmonic Sensors (2014)

Plasmonic sensing has been an important multidisciplinary research field and has been extensively used in detection of trace molecules in chemistry and biology. The sensing techniques are typically based on surface-enhanced spectroscopies and surface plasmon resonances (SPRs). This review article deals with some recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors and SPR sensors using either localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) or propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The advances discussed herein present some improvements in SERS and SPR sensing, as well as a new type of nanowire-based SPP sensor.
Interleukin-8 can mediate acute-phase protein production by isolated human hepatocytes (1997)

During the course of studies designed to identify the role of cytokines in the reprioritization of hepatic protein synthesis associated with cachexia we detected a hepatocyte-stimulating moiety in the supernatants of pancreatic cancer cells that was unrelated to interleukin (IL)-6. This study identifies that moiety as IL-8 and investigates the role of IL-8 in the induction of acute-phase protein production. The human pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 produced >1 ng/ml of IL-8 per 24 h, and supernatants from this cell line induced C-reactive protein (CRP) production from isolated human hepatocytes. Addition of neutralizing anti-human IL-8 antibody to such supernatants produced almost complete inhibition of CRP production. The addition of recombinant human IL-8 to hepatocytes resulted in a dose-dependent increase in CRP, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, and alpha1-antichymotrypsin production and a decrease in the production of transferrin and prealbumin. This study demonstrates that recombinant or tumor-derived IL-8 can modulate acute-phase protein production from isolated human hepatocytes and from human hepatoma cells.
Altered cortisol metabolism in cells cultured from trabecular meshwork specimens obtained from patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. (1983)

Cells cultured from trabecular meshwork specimens obtained from patients with primary open angle glaucoma (TMPOAG cells) exhibited two major differences in cortisol-metabolizing enzymes when compared with similar cells from nonglaucomatous patients. One is a marked increase (greater than 100-fold) in delta 4-reductase activity and the other is a decrease (4-fold) in 3-oxidoreductase activity. Peripheral lymphocytes from one of these patients as well as from five additional patients with POAG, did not show these abnormalities, indicating that the defects are not found in all cortisol-metabolizing cells. The abnormal metabolism of cortisol by TMPOAG cells may be of significance in the pathogenesis of POAG.
Ultrasensitive terahertz sensing with high-<i>Q</i> Fano resonances in metasurfaces (2014)

High quality factor resonances are extremely promising for designing ultra-sensitive refractive index label-free sensors, since it allows intense interaction between electromagnetic waves and the analyte material. Metamaterial and plasmonic sensing have recently attracted a lot of attention due to subwavelength confinement of electromagnetic fields in the resonant structures. However, the excitation of high quality factor resonances in these systems has been a challenge. We excite an order of magnitude higher quality factor resonances in planar terahertz metamaterials that we exploit for ultrasensitive sensing. The low-loss quadrupole and Fano resonances with extremely narrow linewidths enable us to measure the minute spectral shift caused due to the smallest change in the refractive index of the surrounding media. We achieve sensitivity levels of 7.75 × 103 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) with quadrupole and 5.7 × 104 nm/RIU with the Fano resonances which could be further enhanced by using thinner substrates. These findings would facilitate the design of ultrasensitive real time chemical and biomolecular sensors in the fingerprint region of the terahertz regime.
Void formation during early stages of passivation: Initial oxidation of iron nanoparticles at room temperature (2005)

The examination of nanoparticles allows study of some processes and mechanisms that are not as easily observed for films or other types of studies in which sample preparation artifacts have been the cause of some uncertainties. Microstructure of iron nanoparticles passivated with iron oxide shell was studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field imaging in aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Voids were readily observed on both small single-crystal α-Fe nanoparticles formed in a sputtering process and the more complex particles created by reduction of an oxide by hydrogen. Although the formation of hollow spheres of nanoparticles has been engineered for Co at higher temperatures [Y. Yin, R. M. Riou, C. K. Erdonmez, S. Hughes, G. A. Somorjari, and A. P. Alivisatos, Science 304, 711 (2004)], they occur for iron at room temperature and provide insight into the initial oxidation processes of iron. There exists a critical size of ∼8nm for which the iron has been fully oxidized, leading to a hollow iron-oxide nanoparticle. For particles larger than the critical size, an iron/iron-oxide core-shell structure was formed and voids reside at the interface between the oxide shell and the iron core. The present observation provides new insight for tailoring of metal/metal-oxide core-shell structured nanoparticles for applications related to optics, magnetism, and nanoelectronics.
Lethal GVHD Across Minor Histocompatibility Barriers: Nature of the Effector Cells and Role of the H‐2 Complex (1983)

Transfer of T-cells to heavily irradiated, H-2-compatible mice frequently leads to a high incidence of lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Lymphoid cells depleted of Thy1+ cells fail to cause GVHD. Studies with a variety of different, H-2-compatible, strain-combinations suggest that minor, histocompatibility antigens (minor HA) are the main targets for eliciting lethal GVHD. Experiments in which T-cells are negatively selected to minor HA by acute blood-to-lymph recirculation through irradiated hosts have indicated that the T-cells eliciting GVHD to minor HA, are H-2-restricted. In H-2-compatible hosts, the donor T-cells recognize the minor HA of the host and become temporarily trapped in the lymphoid tissues for 1-2 days; during this stage of negative selection, the donor T-cells entering the lymph are specifically devoid of cells able to elicit GVHD against the host, minor HA on further transfer. When the selection host is H-2-different with respect to the donor T-cells, by contrast, the T-cells ignore the host, minor HA and negative selection fails to occur. The T-cells recirculate normally and are unimpaired in their capacity to elicit GVHD on further transfer. By the use of various H-2-recombinant mice as selection hosts it has been shown that, as for T-cells exerting cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) to minor HA in vitro, the T-cells which elicit lethal GVHD to minor HA comprise two distinct subsets of H-2-restricted cells. One subset recognizes minor HA in the context of H-2K (or K end) molecules whereas the other is specific for minor HA-plus-H-2D. Curiously, in marked contrast to the findings on CML responses in vitro, no evidence has been found that H-2I-restricted T-cells contribute to GVHD, either as effector cells or as helper cells. Purified populations of Lyt 1-2+ T-cells have potent GVHD activity, whereas Lyt 1+2- cells fail to cause GVHD. Studies with various types of bone-marrow chimeras suggest that in the induction phase, T-cells recognize minor HA only on lymphohematopoietic cells. In the effector phase, by contrast, non-marrow-derived cells appear to be the main targets of attack. Although the pathogenesis of GVHD is poorly understood, the lethal form of the disease probably reflects the penetration of mucosal surfaces by pathogenic organisms, perhaps as the result of direct destruction of epithelial cells by minor HA-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes. Direct support for this notion has yet to be obtained.
Fall Camp 1997 - Mark Twain National Forest (1997)

Bright and early Sunday, October 12, 1996, 33 students and two instructors set out in cars, a truck, and vans: destined for a land full of promise, education, and trees. Steven Jungst and Richard Hall were those instructors and the students were the newest group of Forestry Fall campers. The place we were headed was Mark Twain National Forest in southern Missouri. The camp, run by the University of Missouri, was located at Poplar Bluff in the heart of the Mark Twain National Forest.
Universal service creation and provision environment for intelligent network (1991)

The evolution of the intelligent network (IN) is summarized, and its service creation requirements and provision environment are clarified. A prototype system called the ISDN development experimental system for advanced services (IDEA), which has been developed to validate the foregoing, is described. The evaluation of the system design and its future evolution are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on respiration during sleep (2000)

VNS is associated with adverse changes in respiration during sleep. In patients without preexisting OSA, this VNS effect is probably not clinically significant. In patients with preexisting OSA, VNS should be administered with care. Lowering VNS stimulus frequency or prolonging off-time may prevent exacerbation of OSA.
3D printed glass: surface finish and bulk properties as a function of the printing process (2015)

3D-printing, along with other additive manufacturing (AM) and rapid prototyping (RP) techniques, involves building up structures in a layer by layer fashion based upon a computer design file. Such techniques are well suited to the production of one-off, complex structures that would often be difficult to produce using traditional manufacturing methods. There has been rapid growth and interest in this field during recent years and a range of techniques are now available which make use of many common materials such as plastic, metal, wood and ceramic. However, relatively little has been done to develop AM using glass. Glass is usually printed at room temperature and requires a second step, the firing process, to achieve the final result. Depending on which 3D printing technique is used to produce the so called greenware and what support material surrounds the object during firing the surface finish and the bulk properties differ greatly. We will report different techniques and the physical properties (Young’s modulus, opacity and density) of glass generated by them.
An RF/microwave microfluidic sensor based on a 3D capacitive structure with a floating electrode for miniaturized dielectric spectroscopy (2014)

This paper reports on the design, fabrication and testing of a microfluidic sensor for a miniaturized measurement platform dedicated to dielectric spectroscopy at RF/microwave frequencies. The sensor employs a novel, three-dimensional, parallel-plate, capacitive sensing structure with a floating electrode integrated onto a PMMA microfluidic cap used for delivering the material-under-test (MUT) with a 9μL-sample volume. Requiring only an S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> measurement and after a 6-point calibration, complex relative permittivity readings by the sensor in the frequency range of 14MHz to 6.5GHz agree very well with bulk-solution reference measurements conducted with an Agilent 85070E dielectric probe kit. Using ethanol and ethylene glycol as two different MUTs with the sensor, the rms errors in real and imaginary parts of the complex relative permittivity of ethanol over the full frequency range are 3.5% and 5.6%, respectively. The corresponding numbers for ethylene glycol are 5.4% and 4.5%, respectively.
Small angle neutron scattering investigation of partially crystallized alloys (1998)

Fluctuations in the nuclear scattering density and magnetization in partially crystallized alloys with composition were investigated by means of small angle neutron scattering. From nuclear and magnetic scattering the size distributions of nanocrystals were determined as a function of the annealing temperature and the concentration of niobium.
Modulation characteristics of sea surface waves (1979)

Observations of ocean surface waves under steady wind conditions show that they do not obey the linear dispersion relation, thus confirming that previously reported results of laboratory experiments also apply to the ocean. It is also shown that mechanically generated surface waves of near‐breaking amplitude follow a similar dispersion relation. Observations of coherency of wave signals between two points are also reported, showing the coherency to be higher than in a wave field consisting of independently propagating Fourier components. It is also demonstrated that the observed spectra, coherencies, and dispersions can be described in terms of modulated Stokes‐like carrier waves propagating with an angular spread and a lag between amplitude and phase modulations. This is solely proposed as a method of description of observations since there is no present theory for the dynamics of a process where crests are lost due to crest pairing. This violates a crucial premise of modulation theories.
Skeletal muscle fiber type, resistance training, and strength-related performance (1994)

HICKSON, R. C. K. HIDAKA, and C. FOSTER. Skeletal muscle fiber type, resistance training, and strength-related performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 593–598, 1994. The research goal was to attempt to clarify the consequences of increased strength on performance at submaximal exercise intensities. Eight subjects (4 males, 4 females) completed a 3-d·wk-1, 16-wk resistance training regimen. After training, upper (bench press, BP) and lower (parallel squat, PS) extremity strength were increased by 23% and 37%, respectively. Performance at the same absolute work rates as before training was increased by 30–159% following training depending on intensity and type of exercise. Performance at the same relative work rates (80%, 60%, 40%) remained unchanged by the training for both exercises. Prior to training, PS repetitions at 40% were correlated (r = 0.69, P < 0.05) with the percentage of slow-twitch (ST) fibers in the vastus lateralis muscle. There were similar relationships at 40% (r = 0.73) and at 60% (r = 0.83) for the PS exercise after training. However, the resistance program did not result in greater relative submaximal performance in individuals with a higher percentage of ST fibers. We conclude that strength improvement of up to 40% does not produce a strength-related performance deficit, when training and testing procedures are identical. Yet, these data do not rule out the potential of a strength-related repetition performance deficit. When subjects were equally divided by strength levels, those tested at the highest absolute resistance had significantly lower bench press repetition performance at 60% and 40% of the 1-RM than the subjects tested at the lowest absolute resistance.
Found: Why B Cells Attack DNA in Lupus (2014)

A large international team has honed in on the fragment of the complement receptor that decreases the risk for lupus. This has allowed them to offer a plausible explanation for why B cells target certain regions of double-stranded DNA after encountering debris from dying cells.
Extension of Single Scatter Simulation to Scatter Correction of Time-of-Flight PET (2006)

We extend the single scatter simulation (SSS) algorithm for scatter correction of three dimensional positron emission tomography to include the case in which the scattered annihilation radiation is discriminated according to its differential time-of-flight (TOF). Good agreement between computed and measured TOF dependent scatter is observed in phantom and human data. Differences between TOF dependent and non-TOF dependent scatter are characterized. Because TOF scoring removes the degeneracy in ray sum calculations, TOF SSS requires about 16 times longer to compute the scatter estimate than non-TOF SSS. However, when overhead such as image computation and iteration is factored in, the clinical performance is only a factor of five slower
Structure of the Rotor of the V-Type Na <sup>+</sup> -ATPase from <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> (2005)

The membrane rotor ring from the vacuolar-type (V-type) sodium ion-pumping adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-ATPase) from Enterococcus hirae consists of 10 NtpK subunits, which are homologs of the 16-kilodalton and 8-kilodalton proteolipids found in other V-ATPases and in F1Fo- or F-ATPases, respectively. Each NtpK subunit has four transmembrane alpha helices, with a sodium ion bound between helices 2 and 4 at a site buried deeply in the membrane that includes the essential residue glutamate-139. This site is probably connected to the membrane surface by two half-channels in subunit NtpI, against which the ring rotates. Symmetry mismatch between the rotor and catalytic domains appears to be an intrinsic feature of both V- and F-ATPases.