gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A combination of centralized and distributed methods for multi-agent planning and scheduling (2002)

Task planning and scheduling techniques developed as part of a project whose goal is to control the operations of many robots in the same environment are presented. Centralized approaches allow task allocation to be improved. However, they are not appropriate for coordinating the actions of multiple mobile robots in a dynamic environment where unforeseeable events occur. Consequently, the author advocates a mixed strategy, allowing robots to make and execute individual plans as well as to connect with a central task planner and scheduler when appropriate. The author first presents individual planning techniques. Then he describes a framework allowing robots to exchange information with a central system able to optimize task allocation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gaze-Contingent Computational Displays: Boosting perceptual fidelity (2016)

Contemporary digital displays feature multimillion pixels at ever-increasing refresh rates. Reality, on the other hand, provides us with a view of the world that is continuous in space and in time. The discrepancy between viewing the physical world and its sampled depiction on digital displays gives rise to perceptual quality degradation. By measuring or estimating where we look, a new breed of gaze-contingent algorithms aims to exploit the way we visually perceive digital images and videos to remedy visible artifacts. In this article, we provide an overview of recent developments in computational display algorithms that enhance perceived visual quality of conventional video footage when viewed on commodity monitors, projectors, or headmounted displays (HMDs).
Reversal of DNA methylation with 5-azacytidine alters chromosome replication patterns in human lymphocyte and fibroblast cultures. (1984)

Prior studies demonstrated that developmental or induced methylation of DNA can inactivate associated gene loci. Such DNA methylation can be reversed and specific genes reactivated by treatment with 5-azacytidine (5- azaC ). The present cytogenetic studies using replication banding methods show that 5- azaC treatment also results in an increase or decrease in replication staining at one or more band locations in human lymphocyte and fibroblast chromosomes. New replication band locations are not formed. These changes in replication staining, which reflect changes in timing of replication, are different between these two tissues. However, in both tissues, the delayed onset of replication in the heterocyclic, inactive X is shortened by 5- azaC . A correlation is thus suggested between the induced temporal change to earlier DNA replication, and induced hypomethylation and gene activation. The temporal effect on chromosome replication in 5- azaC -treated cells depends on the portion of the S-period studied. Toward the beginning of S, early-replication patterns are increased in both lymphocytes and fibroblasts. Toward the end of S, late-replication patterns are increased only in lymphocytes, suggesting a differential effect of 5- azaC in: (1) early-vs. late-S, and (2) lymphocytes vs. fibroblasts. Generally, 5- azaC has its greatest effect on the inactive chromosome regions that are typically late-replicating prior to 5- azaC treatment. These observed changes in replication band staining suggest that DNA methylation may modify regional groups of genes in concert.
Ruthenium Carbonyl Complexes Bearing Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)carboxylato Ligands (2012)

The syntheses of the two dicarbonyl complexes [Ru(bdmpza)Cl(CO)2] (3) and [Ru(2,2-bdmpzp)Cl(CO)2] (4), bearing a bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetato (bdmpza) or a 2,2-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)propionato (2,2-bdmpzp) scorpionate ligand, are described. Both complexes are obtained by reacting the polymer [RuCl2(CO)2]n with either K[bdmpza] or K[2,2-bdmpzp]. Reaction of the acid Hbdmpza with [Ru3(CO)12] results in the formation of two structural isomers of a hydrido complex, [Ru(bdmpza)H(CO)2] (5a,b). Under aerobic conditions conversion of [Ru(bdmpza)H(CO)2] (5a,b) to form the Ru(I) dimer [Ru(bdmpza)(CO)(μ-CO)]2 (6) seems to be hindered in comparison to the case for the η5-C5H5 (Cp) analogues. Dimer 6 is obtained via a reaction of Hbdmpza with catena-[Ru(OAc)(CO)2]n instead. The molecular structures of 3, 4, and 6 have been obtained by single-crystal X-ray structure determinations. The precatalytic properties of the two dicarbonyl complexes 3 and 4 toward the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexene with different oxidizing agents are discussed as well.
[Comparison of two laser scanning tomography systems for three-dimensional analysis of the optic papilla]. (1993)

The Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) allows three-dimensional topographic analysis of the optic disc based on the same confocal laser tomographic scanning principle as the laser tomographic scanner (LTS). We evaluated the reproducibility attained with the HRT and compared the data acquired with the two instruments. To determine the reproducibility of the data acquisition with the HRT, we measured 27 glaucomatous discs five times each. The mean standard deviation was 0.075 mm2 for the cup area, 0.035 mm3 for the cup volume and 0.018 mm for the mean cup depth. In addition, 50 eyes were examined with both instruments. Measurements of the optic disc area and cup area demonstrated slightly increased values obtained with the HRT (mean difference 4.1% and 6.6%, respectively), while the values for cup volume and cup depth were 15.5% and 13.9% larger than those obtained with the LTS. The comparison between LTS and HRT demonstrates good agreement of the reproducibility concerning three-dimensional topometric data relating to the optic nerve head. The differences between the measurements may be due to a modified optical pathway enabling direct assessment of the intraocular focus position in the HRT. In conclusion, the improved and simplified method of laser scanning tomography as used in the HRT yields reproducible and reliable measurements of the optic nerve head. In addition, this instrument makes it possible to obtain high-quality images without pupil dilatation with a significantly shorter examination time.
Temperature dependence of the Si and Ge (111)2×1 surface-state optical absorption (1986)

The temperature dependence of the dangling-bond optical absorption of cleaved silicon and germanium (111)2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surfaces has been studied using photothermal displacement spectroscopy. The polarization-dependent surface-state absorption was utilized as an order parameter to monitor the Ge(111)2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c-2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8 phase transition in real time. The temperature dependence of the Si(111)2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surface optical gap in the range 300--450 K was also measured. Unlike the corresponding bulk case, no shift of the surface gap was observed. Reasons for this temperature independence are discussed.
On the Two Different Aspects of the Representative Method: The Method of Stratified Sampling and the Method of Purposive Selection (1934)

Jerzy Neyman, On the Two Different Aspects of the Representative Method: The Method of Stratified Sampling and the Method of Purposive Selection, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Vol. 97, No. 4 (1934), pp. 558-625
Superachromatic air-spaced triplet (2014)

A theoretical analysis of properties of superachromatic air-spaced triplets composed of thin lenses is described in this paper. An interesting result is shown in that the superachromatic air-spaced triplet cannot simultaneously correct field curvature and transverse and longitudinal chromatic aberration. The formulas for the calculation of parameters of an air-spaced triplet are derived and the procedure for the calculation of the shape of individual lenses of the triplet is described using the third-order aberration theory. The application of the described analysis is presented in an example of the design of a superachromatic triplet.
A square root analog to digital converter to optimally convert photonic signals for computed tomography (2010)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.
7-Amino-5-(methylamino)heptanoic acid: a potential putrescine hapten (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT7-Amino-5-(methylamino)heptanoic acid: a potential putrescine haptenTheodore C. Adams, Donald W. Combs, G. Doyle Daves Jr., and Frank M. HauserCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 22, 4582–4584Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00335a057https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00335a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PRAIRIE PLANTS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT (1968)

When, in 1916, the writer came to the University of Nebraska as a young instructor, he came with a background that well fitted him for studies in the field. His research in the grassland and adjoining forests of southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho had been completed and a fine acquaintance had been made with methods of examining the prairie both above and below ground level (Weaver, 1915, 1917). Similar studies in the area between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains were now to be made, and these have resulted in many new investigations that are of both scientific and practical value. During 1914 the writer had investigated the root systems of the prairie plants of southeastern Washington, where an annual precipitation of only 21.6 inches occurred, mostly in the period of rest. After that he planned to make a comparative study of the roots of prairie plants in a more humid region, where the precipitation occurs mostly during the season of plant growth. The opportunity for such a study came during the fall of 1917, and the first publication of results appeared in "The Ecological Relations of Roots," in 1919. Here may be found descriptions of the character, depth, and distribution of the roots of about 140 species of grasses, shrubs, and forbs of prairie and plains. A companion work, "Root Development in the Grassland Formation "-also published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington -appeared in 1920. It includes the results of investigations at more than 25 stations in Kansas, Colorado, South Dakota, and Nebraska. The climax plant community has integrated all of the environmental factors of its habitat; it is the fundamental response to the controlling conditions. The individual root habit and especially the community root habit, together with the more familiar above-ground parts, serve to interpret the environmental conditions. Both of these criteria are needed to reveal the "judgment" of the plants as to the fitness of the habitat in which they grow or in which crop plants are to be grown.
Emile Durkheim and Altruistic Suicide (2004)

Altruistic suicides are marked by cultural approval and benefit the social order. They occur in social groups where there is a low value placed on the individual. The principle loci of altruistic suicide are primitive societies and the modern military. Subtypes of altruistic suicide (obligatory, optional, acute) are delineated and evaluated. Military suicide rates are seen as being inversely related to civilian suicide rates. Key limitations of Durkheim's model are discussed including his exaggerating the prevalence of obligatory suicide. Suggested points of departure for future research on altruistic suicide include comparative analyses of suicide in the modern military, and application of the concept of optional altruistic suicide to the impact of suicide acceptability on national suicide rates.
Novel silicon-containing resists for EUV and 193-nm lithography (1999)

Two families of polymers have been prepared and evaluated as silicon-containing bilayer resist candidates at both 193 nm and 13.4 nm (EUV). Both families of polymers are based on a tertiary ester protecting group in which the ester group contains a silicon cluster. The PRB family of polymers are random methacrylate copolymers and the PRC family are alternating maleic anhydride/norbornene polymers. The PRB family shows good resolution and sensitivity at both 193 nm and EUV, but suffers from adhesion failure between the imaging layer and the underlayer. The PRC polymers show good adhesion to underlayers and can print features at <EQ 0.12 micrometers at 193 nm and <EQ 0.10 micrometers at 13.4 nm.
Pattern transfer nanomanufacturing using magnetic recording for programmed nanoparticle assembly (2012)

We report a novel nanomanufacturing technique that incorporates patterned arrays built entirely from Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles into a flexible and transparent polymer film. First, the nanoparticles are patterned using the enormous magnetic field gradients at the surface of commercial disk drive media, and then the resulting architecture is transferred to the surface of a polymer film by spin-coating and peeling. Since the particles are immobilized by the field gradients during the spin-coating process, the patterned array is preserved after peeling. To demonstrate the potential of this technology, we fabricate a 5 mm diameter all-nanoparticle diffraction grating capable of producing a white-light optical spectrum. We also demonstrate several extensions to this technology, where, by adding an external magnetic field during assembly, we create both periodic variations in topography, as well as a nanocomposite with two vertically and horizontally separated nanoparticle layers. As this technique leverages the nanometer resolution inherent in current magnetic recording technology, strong potential exists for low-cost nanomanufacturing of optical and electronic devices from a variety of nanomaterials with ∼10 nm resolution.
Effect of asbestos-associated metal ions on the binding of benzo(a)pyrene to macromolecules in vitro (1978)

In seeking an explanation for the high risk of malignancy in workers exposed to both asbestos and benzo(a)pyrene inhaled in cigarette smoke, experiments have been carried out to test the effect of asbestos-associated trace metals on the covalent binding of benzo(a)pyrene in vitro. Most of the metals tested--nickel, cadmium, chromium, zinc, manganese, and copper--caused an overall decrease in the binding of benzo(a)pyrene in microsomal incubations containing exogenous DNA. That this represented a reduction in the binding to DNA was confirmed in the cases of zinc, nickel, and chromium. Magnesium caused a very slight increase in binding, and ferrous and ferric ions, while reducing the binding to DNA, caused an increase in binding to some component of high molecular weight in the incubation mixtures, over a narrow concentration range. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the development of malignant disease associated with asbestos exposure.
Installation of a Diesel-Organic Rankine Compound Engine in a Class 8 Truck for a Single-Vehicle Test (1979)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A Class 8 truck has been equipped with a diesel-organic Rankine compound engine in preparation for a 1-year test program. The compound engine consists of an organic Rankine bottoming cycle system directly coupled to a Mack diesel engine from which it recovers the waste heat in the exhaust gases. The components of the bottoming cycle system are described, and their installations in three pre-assembled modules - a power conversion package, a vapor generator, and a cooling system - are discussed. Plans for the 1-year test program, including baseline performance tests on the compound engine, chassis dynamometer tests, noise tests, and over-the-road fuel economy measurements, are also outlined.</div>
Nanotube Electron Drag in Flowing Liquids (2001)

We show that electric current can be generated in metallic carbon nanotubes immersed in liquids flowing along them. Molecular layers of the liquid coat the nanotube, slip along its surface, and excite there a phonon wind, which drags free carriers in the tube. The induced electric current should allow building of nanoscale detectors or power cells.
Immobilization of basic fibroblast growth factor on a platinum microcoil to enhance tissue organization in intracranial aneurysms (2005)

These results indicated that bFGF-immobilized microcoils may be beneficial in the obliteration of aneurysms.
Flame Retardancy and Thermal Degradation of Intumescent Flame Retardant Poly(lactic acid)/Starch Biocomposites (2010)

Intumescent flame-retardant poly(lactic acid)/starch (PLA/starch) biocomposites were prepared by means of melt blending. Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP) was added to the PLA/starch biocomposites not only to improve its flame retardancy but also to restrain the reaction between ammonium polyphosphate and starch during processing. The flame-retardant properties of PLA/starch biocomposites were evaluated by limiting oxygen index, UL-94 test, and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) test. The results of MCC showed that the peak of heat release rate and total heat release of PLA/starch biocomposites decreased dramatically compared with those of pure PLA. The thermal degradation and gas products of PLA/starch/MCAPP systems were monitored by thermogravimetric analysis and thermogravimetric analysis−infrared spectrometry. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized to explore the surface morphology and chemical components of the char residues.
Bcl-3/IgH translocation (14;19)(q32;q13) in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (2002)

The recurrent cytogenetic (CG) abnormality t(14;19)(q32;q13) involving the oncogene BCL3 is described in patients with atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We report four patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) bearing t(14;19). All cases were female and their age ranged from 62 to 91. Histologically, there were two cases of small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), both CD11c positive with atypical morphology, one case of Burkitt like lymphoma (BLL), and one case of diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLC-L). One SLL patient showed t(14;19) as the sole abnormality and experienced a benign course for 8 years. The other three cases showed secondary CG progression, including tetraploidy, del(6q), t(8;22) and del(13q). These cases were aggressive in clinical behavior, including an SLL case which transformed to DLC lymphoma in 4 months. Southern analysis and long distance PCR confirmed BCL3/IgH Calpha translocation in one case. We propose that NHLs with t(14;19) may have evolved from the same spectrum of disease as atypical CLL. The poor prognosis of t(14;19) disease is associated with the occurrence of recurrent secondary CG changes, commonly found in B cell lymphoproliferative diseases.
Gaussian multiaccess channels with ISI: capacity region and multiuser water-filling (1993)

The capacity region of a two-user Gaussian multiaccess channel with intersymbol interference (ISI) in which the inputs pass through respective linear systems and are superimposed before being corrupted by an additive Gaussian noise process is discussed. A geometrical method for obtaining the optimal input power spectral densities and the capacity region is presented. This method can be viewed as a nontrivial generalization of the single-user water-filling argument. It is shown that, as in the traditional memoryless multiaccess channel, frequency-division multiaccess (FDMA) with optimally selected frequency bands for each user achieves the total capacity of the multiuser Gaussian multiaccess channel with ISI. However, the capacity region of the two-user channel with memory is, in general, not a pentagon unless the channel transfer functions for both users are identical.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Shear Stress-Driven Refreshing Capability of Plastic Deformation in Nanolayered Metals (2013)

Severely localized deformation within shear bands can occur much more easily in a metal with nanoscale microstructures, such as nanograined and nanolayered materials. Based on atomic-scale observations, here we show that such locally large deformation (the continuous thinning of the layers) within the indentation-induced shear bands of the Cu/Au nanolayers is essentially attributed to the large shear stress component along the interface, which can refresh the capability of the interface to absorb incoming dislocations through unlocking the product of the dislocation-interface reaction. The results have implications for understanding the interface-mediated mechanisms of plastic deformation and for the engineering application of severe plastic deformation processing of metals at nanoscales.
Contrast-enhanced doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and premalignant lesions in patients with cirrhosis (2001)

Hepatocellular carcinogenesis in cirrhosis is a multistage process that includes large regenerative nodules, dysplastic nodules, and hepatocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to establish whether contrast-enhanced Doppler ultrasonography (US) is able to distinguish between early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and small nonmalignant nodules in cirrhosis. Between January 1998 and December 1999, 500 cirrhotic patients with no previous history of HCC or evidence of hepatic focal lesions were enrolled and prospectively followed-up with US every 6 months until December 2000. Sixty-one patients developed focal lesions, 12 multifocal, and 49 monofocal. Biopsy of focal lesions, contrast-enhanced Doppler US, and spiral computed tomography (CT) were performed in 41 consecutive patients with small (<3 cm) monofocal lesions. Twenty nodules were diagnosed as HCC and 21 as nonmalignant (14 large regenerative nodules, 3 low-grade, and 4 high-grade dysplastic nodules) by liver biopsy. Intratumoral arterial blood flow was detected in 19 of 20 (95%) HCC and 6 of 21 (28%) nonmalignant nodules by contrast-enhanced Doppler US (P<.0001). The mean peak resistance and pulsatility indices were 0.82 +/- 0.09 and 1.56 +/- 0.2 in HCC and 0.62 +/- 0.08 and 0.82 +/- 0.08 in dysplastic lesions (P =.002 and.0001), respectively. Spiral CT revealed arterial perfusion in 19 of 20 HCC and in 4 of 21 nonmalignant nodules (high-grade dysplastic nodules). Four of the apparently false-positive nodules at enhanced Doppler US were high-grade dysplastic nodules and 2 evolved to HCC during follow-up. In conclusion, contrast-enhanced Doppler US is a noninvasive, very sensitive technique in differentiating malignant and premalignant lesions from nonmalignant focal lesions in the liver.