gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation and clinical implementation of an accurate Monte Carlo code for pencil beam scanning proton therapy (2018)

Monte Carlo (MC)-based dose calculations are generally superior to analytical dose calculations (ADC) in modeling the dose distribution for proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) treatments. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for commissioning and validating an accurate MC code for PBS utilizing a parameterized source model, including an implementation of a range shifter, that can independently check the ADC in commercial treatment planning system (TPS) and fast Monte Carlo dose calculation in opensource platform (MCsquare). The source model parameters (including beam size, angular divergence and energy spread) and protons per MU were extracted and tuned at the nozzle exit by comparing Tool for Particle Simulation (TOPAS) simulations with a series of commissioning measurements using scintillation screen/CCD camera detector and ionization chambers. The range shifter was simulated as an independent object with geometric and material information. The MC calculation platform was validated through comprehensive measurements of single spots, field size factors (FSF) and three-dimensional dose distributions of spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBPs), both without and with the range shifter. Differences in field size factors and absolute output at various depths of SOBPs between measurement and simulation were within 2.2%, with and without a range shifter, indicating an accurate source model. TOPAS was also validated against anthropomorphic lung phantom measurements. Comparison of dose distributions and DVHs for representative liver and lung cases between independent MC and analytical dose calculations from a commercial TPS further highlights the limitations of the ADC in situations of highly heterogeneous geometries. The fast MC platform has been implemented within our clinical practice to provide additional independent dose validation/QA of the commercial ADC for patient plans. Using the independent MC, we can more efficiently commission ADC by reducing the amount of measured data required for low dose "halo" modeling, especially when a range shifter is employed.
Inhibition of CD18-dependent leukocyte adherence by mAb 6.5 E does not prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury as seen in grafted kidneys (1995)

The present study was designed to determine whether beta-2 integrin-mediated leukocyte adherence to the endothelium is involved in renal ischemia-reperfusion damage and to evaluate the therapeutic intervention potency of monoclonal antibody (mAb) 6.5 E, directed against the leukocyte CD18 adhesion molecule. To answer these questions, we used a clinically relevant canine model for the autotransplantation of kidneys that had been subjected to 30 min of normothermic ischemia, followed by 24 h of cold storage preservation. Intravital fluorescence microscopy of capsular microvessels showed that substantial leukocyte adherence occurred after renal ischemia and reperfusion. Leukocyte adherence was observed in both arterioles and venules, but predominantly in the latter. Reperfusion of the graft resulted in a statistically significant reduction of the venular red blood cell velocity (RBCV). Moreover, the venular diameter increased. No significant changes in the arteriolar RBCV or in the arteriolar diameter were observed. Administration of mAb 6.5 E, 1 h before reperfusion, inhibited leukocyte adherence to the renal microvascular endothelium, resulting in an improved venular flow 2 h after reperfusion. However, we observed no beneficial effect of mAb 6.5 E pretreatment on post-transplant graft function and survival. We conclude that leukocyte adherence does not play a critical role in the development of renal injury following reperfusion of kidneys that have been subjected to prolonged warm and cold ischemia.
Multianalyte Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Aptamer‐ and Nanoparticle‐Integrated Bio‐Barcode Amplification (2010)

In the present work, a signal-on electrochemical sensing strategy for the simultaneous detection of adenosine and thrombin is developed based on switching structures of aptamers. An Au electrode as the sensing surface is modified with two kinds of thiolated capture probes complementary to the linker DNA that contains either an adenosine aptamer or thrombin aptamer. The capture probes hybridize with their corresponding linker DNA, which has prehybridized with the reporter DNA loaded onto the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The AuNP contained two kinds of bio-barcode DNA: one is complementary to the linker DNA (reporter), whereas the other is not (signal) and is tagged with different metal sulfide nanoparticles. Thus a "sandwich-type" sensing interface is fabricated for adenosine and thrombin. With the introduction of adenosine and thrombin, the aptamer parts bind with their targets and fold to form the complex structures. As a result, the bio-barcoded AuNPs are released into solution. The metal sulfide nanoparticles are measured by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), and the concentrations of adenosine and thrombin are proportional to the signal of either metal ion. With the dual amplification of the bio-barcoded AuNP and the preconcentration of metal ions through ASV technology, detection limits as low as 6.6 x 10(-12) M for adenosine and 1.0 x 10(-12) M for thrombin are achieved. The sensor exhibits excellent selectivity and detectability in biological samples.
Improvised approach using background subtraction for vehicle detection (2015)

In advanced intelligent transport systems, detection of the vehicles has become very popular in the traffic area and also to identify the density of the vehicles in that particular area. As per the survey background subtraction is identified as one of the best approaches in identifying the vehicles for static camera. An improvised background subtraction model is adopted, wherein it works for real time tracking and also solves the problems of shadow detection. In background subtraction each pixel is updated with update equations. A component labeling technique is introduced after background subtraction to label the different objects so as to bifurcate between the two objects and each region is labelled with the different label values. Detections of the moving vehicles are identified and the density of vehicles travelling in the sight of the camera is determined.
PUBLICATIONS (1989)

The Boston Theological Institute Union List of Serials, on m icrofiche, contains a u th o ritativ e CONSER records for more than 10,000 theology and related serials titles held by the libraries of this association of nine graduate theological schools in the Boston area.
A Review and Analysis of Constructivism for School-Based Practice (2002)

Constructivism, a multifaceted philosophical position on the nature of knowledge and educational practice, has recently emerged both in the literature on learning and in school reform efforts, despite no strong supporting research base. At present, four major perspectives on constructivism in classrooms may be identified. They are the perspectives of Piaget and Vygotsky as well as social and holistic constructivism. Because school psychologists may be asked to work in a constructivist framework, one purpose of this article is to describe the essential characteristics and difficult issues associated with implementing this approach for classroom practice. Included are goals, assumptions about learners, essential teacher skills, and research concerns. A second purpose is a discussion of the implications for school psychologists, highlighting currently recommended school psychology practices that may address important concerns within a constructivist approach. Recommendations for consultation and intervention, needs of students with learning difficulties, and assessment issues are addressed.
Investment Diversification and Bond Maturity (1971)

What determines the shape of the term structure of interest rates? What causes its shape to change over time? Answers to these questions are needed by monetary policy makers, by corporate treasurers, by speculators, and by economists studying multi-period consumption-investment choices.
Mucosal bacterial microﬂora and mucus layer thickness inadolescents with inﬂammatory bowel disease (2009)

The significantly thinner mucosa of IBD patients showed a predominance of some aerobes specific for particular diseases, their numbers decreased in relation to higher clinical and endoscopic activity of the disease.
Fault-Tolerant In-Wheel Motor Topologies for High-Performance Electric Vehicles (2013)

The use of in-wheel motors, often referred to as hub motors, as a source of propulsion for pure electric or hybrid electric vehicles has recently received a lot of attention. Since the motor is housed in the limited space within the wheel rim, it must have high torque density and efficiency and survive the rigors of being in-wheel in terms of environmental cycling, ingress, shock and vibration, and driver abuse. Finally, to ensure that adequate levels of functional safety are met, it is essential that failures do not lead to the loss of control of the vehicle. This paper presents studies of a fault-tolerant concept for the design of in-wheel motors. The study focused on achieving a high torque density and the ability to sustain an adequate level of performance following a failure. A series of failures is simulated and then compared with experimental tests on a demonstrator motor.
A Low-Cost Open-Source Metal 3-D Printer (2013)

Technical progress in the open-source self replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) community has enabled a distributed form of additive manufacturing to expand rapidly using polymer-based materials. However, the lack of an open-source metal alternative and the high capital costs and slow throughput of proprietary commercialized metal 3-D printers has severely restricted their deployment. The applications of commercialized metal 3-D printers are limited to only rapid prototyping and expensive nished products. This severely restricts the access of the technology for small and medium enterprises, the developing world and for use in laboratories. This paper reports on the development of a 2000 open-source metal 3-D printer. The metal 3-D printer is controlled with an open-source micro-controller and is a combination of a low-cost commercial gas-metal arc welder and a derivative of the Rostock, a deltabot RepRap. The bill of materials, electrical and mechanical design schematics, and basic construction and operating procedures are provided. A preliminary technical analysis of the properties of the 3-D printer and the resultant steel products are performed. The results of printing customized functional metal parts are discussed and conclusions are drawn about the potential for the technology and the future work necessary for the mass distribution of this technology. © 2013 IEEE.
Does DNA absorb microwave energy? (1987)

Abstract The microwave absorption of chicken erythrocytes and E. coli DNA aqueous solutions was studied in the 9–12‐GHz frequency range by the method of variable thickness. At the same frequencies, fragments of sonicated erythrocyte DNA (average size about 500 base pairs) and of E. coli DNA treated with DNase (most of which were 800–2800 base pairs) were investigated. In neither case was any effect of enhanced microwave absorption by DNA observed. It was shown that an excess absorption of DNA solution falls within the 1% experimental error range, provided the conductivity contribution of 1% MgCl 2 , required for DNase action, to the microwave absorption is taken into account.
Electrochemistry and Electrochemiluminescence of [Ru(II)-tris(bathophenanthroline-disulfonate)]<sup>4−</sup> in Aprotic Conditions and Aqueous Buffers (2008)

In this work, the electrochemical and ECL properties of tris[1,10-phenanthrolinediyl-4,7-di(benzenesulfonate)]Ru(II) ([Ru(BPS)3]4-) have been addressed in both strictly aprotic conditions and aqueous buffers. A combined theoretical and experimental approach is presented to focus thermodynamics and kinetic effects of electro-generated species possessing highly negative charge. The complex, prepared as the sodium salt by using a newly developed procedure, was subsequently converted to the tetrabutylammonium salt by ion exchange, thus making it soluble in organic media and allowing, for the first time, its thorough electrochemical investigation in ultra-dry aprotic media. The electrochemically induced luminescence (ECL) of Na 4[Ru(BPS)3] in phosphate buffer, using the co-reactant method (tripropylamine), was investigated as a function of the electrode material and halide addition, and ECL intensities six times higher than that of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ were found. In addition, the ECL behavior of this promising dye for biomolecule recognition was investigated in aprotic media and, for the first time, the direct radical anion-radical cation annihilation ECL was obtained.
The Preparation of 1-Acyl-2-dialkylaminoalkylpiperidines<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of 1-Acyl-2-dialkylaminoalkylpiperidines1Armiger H. Sommers, Morris Freifelder, Howard B. Wright, and Arthur W. WestonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 1, 57–60Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01097a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01097a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy reveals fast optical excitation-driven intramolecular dynamics of yellow fluorescent proteins (2000)

Fast excitation-driven fluctuations in the fluorescence emission of yellow-shifted green fluorescent protein mutants T203Y and T203F, with S65G/S72A, are discovered in the 10(-6)-10(-3)-s time range, by using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy at 10(-8) M. This intensity-dependent flickering is conspicuous at high pH, with rate constants independent of pH and viscosity with a minor temperature effect. The mean flicker rate increases linearly with excitation intensity for at least three decades, but the mean dark fraction of the molecules undergoing these dynamics is independent of illumination intensity over approximately 6 x 10(2) to 5 x 10(6) W/cm(2). These results suggest that optical excitation establishes an equilibration between two molecular states of different spectroscopic properties that are coupled only via the excited state as a gateway. This reversible excitation-driven transition has a quantum efficiency of approximately 10(-3). Dynamics of external protonation, reversibly quenching the fluorescence, are also observed at low pH in the 10- to 100-microseconds time range. The independence of these two bright-dark flicker processes implies the existence of at least two separate dark states of these green fluorescent protein mutants. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements reveal a single exponential decay of the excited state population with 3.8-ns lifetime, after 500-nm excitation, that is pH independent. Our fluorescence correlation spectroscopy results are discussed in terms of recent theoretical studies that invoke isomerization of the chromophore as a nonradiative channel of the excited state relaxation.
Amperometric and coulometric detectors for high-performance liquid chromatography (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmperometric and coulometric detectors for high-performance liquid chromatographyPeter T. KissingerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 4, 447A–456APublication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online21 September 2008Published inissue 1 April 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50012a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50012a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views480Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA, ANTARA TEROBOSAN HUKUM DAN FAKTA PELAKSANAANNYA (2018)

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Reservoir Risk Assessment in Turbiditic Slope Channels: A Case Study from the Kutei Basin (Offshore Kalimantan, Indonesia) (2011)

Abstract The studied reservoir consists of turbiditic slope channels which form elongated sandy bodies with dimension of 4 to 12 Km in length and 1 to 4 Km in width. The thickness is varying from few metres to almost one hundred. These channels are hydraulically separated and characterized by high values of porosity and permeability. These sand bodies were identified and porosity characterized by means of seismic data. The first three wells have proved the correlation between gas-bearing sands and "low-impedance" seismic responses. Nevertheless, since those wells did not cross all the sand bodies (only 6 out of 14) the main problem at that stage was the risk assessment of the hydrocarbon occurrence in the remaining bodies. In order to assess this risk the first approach was to identify, for all the bodies, relevant seismic criteria (Amplitude strength, Signal noisiness, Fragmentation and Recon AVO) to use for a qualitative evaluation defining a ranking of the undrilled bodies. The following step was to apply a Bayesian approach to assess the relevant probability of hydrocarbon occurrence. This technique requires the estimation of two parameters: prior probability based on geological area knowledge and likelihood derived from seismic indicators. On the base of the probability ranking a limited number of scenarios was defined. For each scenario a dedicated plan of development was assigned. A new appraisal well was drilled after this evaluation. This allowed verifying the validity of the ranking system used to estimate probability of success with regards to the undrilled segments. The results show good agreement between seismic data and well’s results with one (positive) exception. Moreover a traditional "Risk Analysis" was performed in perforated bodies to sample all the critical parameters (static and dynamic) and to build several models. By these models a set of volumetrics and production profiles were obtained.
Molecular Regulation of Müllerian Development by Hox Genes (2004)

HOX genes are a family of regulatory molecules that encode conserved transcription factors controlling aspects of morphogenesis and cell differentiation during normal embryonic development. All metazoans possess a common genetic system for embryonic patterning, and this system is also used in the reproductive tract. Hox genes are also expressed in the adult uterus. Hox genes are essential both for the development of mullerian tract in the embryonic period and adult function. Sex steroids regulate Hox gene expression during embryonic and endometrial development in the menstrual cycle. EMX2 and beta(3)-integrin acting downstream of Hoxa10 gene are likely involved in both these developmental processes. This article reviews the role and molecular regulation of Hox genes in reproductive tract development.
Simulated Chats for Task-oriented Dialog: Learning to Generate Conversations from Instructions. (2020)

Popular task-oriented dialog data sets such as MultiWOZ (Budzianowski et al. 2018) are created by providing crowd-sourced workers a goal instruction, expressed in natural language, that describes the task to be accomplished. Crowd-sourced workers play the role of a user and an agent to generate dialogs to accomplish tasks involving booking restaurant tables, making train reservations, calling a taxi etc. However, creating large crowd-sourced datasets can be time consuming and expensive. To reduce the cost associated with generating such dialog datasets, recent work has explored methods to automatically create larger datasets from small this http URL this paper, we present a data creation strategy that uses the pre-trained language model, GPT2 (Radford et al. 2018), to simulate the interaction between crowd-sourced workers by creating a user bot and an agent bot. We train the simulators using a smaller percentage of actual crowd-generated conversations and their corresponding goal instructions. We demonstrate that by using the simulated data, we achieve significant improvements in both low-resource setting as well as in over-all task performance. To the best of our knowledge we are the first to present a model for generating entire conversations by simulating the crowd-sourced data collection process
Inhibitory Effect of Artocarpanone from <i>Artocarpus heterophyllus</i> on Melanin Biosynthesis (2006)

In our previous efforts to find new tyrosinase inhibitory materials, we investigated 44 Indonesian medicinal plants belonging to 24 families. Among those plants, the extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus was one of the strongest inhibitors of tyrosinase activity. By activity-guided fractionation of A. heterophyllus wood extract, we isolated artocarpanone, which inhibited both mushroom tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. This compound is a strong candidate as a remedy for hyperpigmentation in human skin.
Volatile constituents of cardamom (<i>Elettaria cardamomum</i> maton) cultivated in Costa Rica (1987)

Abstract Extracts of cardamom (Ellettarie cardemomum Maton), cultivated in Costa Rica, have been analysed by GC‐MS on various columns. Among the 122 compounds found, 56 represent over 99% of the total volatile fraction, and 74 are reported for the first time. Their distribution is similar to that described in other samples of E. cardamomum, var, alpha‐minor, grown in other countries.