gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Canavanine and of Arginine Starvation on Macromolecular Synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardi (1972)

SUMMARY: Chlamydomonas reinhardi, starved of arginine, stopped growing but remained viable and continued to make protein. Synthesis of DNA and the accumulation of stable species of RNA were severely inhibited. Synthesis of rapidly labelled RNA was initially inhibited, but only temporarily, and finally rapidly labelled RNA was made faster than with arginine. These disturbances in nucleic acid metabolism were not related to changes in the pool sizes of nucleotide triphosphates, nor were any new nucleotides, such as guanosine tetraphosphate, detectable. When arginine in the medium was replaced by canavanine, the cells lost their chlorophyll, became non-motile, and non-viable. Canavanine rapidly inhibited the synthesis of RNA, but only inhibited the incorporation of amino acids into protein or the synthesis of DNA after a long lag. The size of the pools of nucleotide triphosphates and the pattern of their labelling with adenine was changed. These effects were consistent with a mechanism of killing, involving replacement of arginine by canavanine, by the cytoplasmic protein-synthesizing system. This protein then prevented all RNA synthesis. No changes in the structure of the nucleus were detected. Chlamydomonas reinhardi, therefore, differs from Escherichia coli in its response to arginine starvation or treatment with canavanine.
A Dual-Column Solid Phase Extraction Strategy for Online Collection and Preparation of Continuously Flowing Effluent Streams for Mass Spectrometry (2012)

Current desalination techniques for mass spectrometry-based protocols are problematic for performing temporal response studies where increased temporal resolution requires small samples and faster sampling frequencies, which greatly increases the number of samples and sample preparation time. These challenges are pertinent to cellular dynamics experiments, where it is important to sample the biological system frequently and with as little sample waste as possible. To address these needs, we present a dual-column online solid phase extraction (SPE) approach capable of preconcentrating and preparing a constantly perfusing sample stream, with minimal to no sample loss. This strategy is evaluated for use in microfluidic bioreactor studies specifically aimed at characterizing suitable sample flow rates, temporal resolving power, and analyte concentrations. In this work, we demonstrate that this strategy may be used for flow rates as low as 500 nL/min, with temporal resolving power on the order of 3 min, with analyte loadings ranging from femtomoles to picomoles for metabolites. Under these conditions, recoveries of ca. 80% are obtained even at femtomole loadings.
장애인 직업적응훈련에 관한 고찰 (2003)

본 연구의 목적은 문헌고찰을 통하여 모든 직업영역에 공통적으로 필요한 근로자로서 의 기초능력과 태도를 길러주고 특정 직종의 훈련을 통해 경험을 얻도록 하는 것을 목적으로 하는 중증장애인 중심의 직업적응훈련에 관하여 구명하고자 하였다. 이에 따라 직업적응훈련의 의의 및 목적, 직업적응훈련에 있어서 훈련대상자 선발, 직업적응훈련에서 활용되는 기법 및 방법을 중심으로 직업적응훈련의 의의 및 방법을 살펴보았다. 또한 대인적응훈련, 직업전훈련을 중심으로 직업적응훈련의 유형을 알아보았으며, 마지막으로 직무관련 사회적 기술행동, 직무관련 사회적 기술훈련을 중심으로 직무관련 사회적 기술훈련의 실제에 관해 알아보았다. 직업적응훈련이란 장애로 인한 복합적인 심리, 사회적인 영향에 의해 가질 수 있는 직업기능상의 부정적인 특성을 제거하거나 극복시키기 위한 전문적인 개입으로서 원만한 직업적응을 통한 사회통합과 참여를 촉진하는 직업재활과정이며, 일반적으로 활용되는 직업적응훈련 기술에는 교육, 상담 및 조작적 조건(operant conditioning)이 포함된다. 그리고 장애 학생들이 직장에서 성공적으로 역할을 수행하는데 필요한 구체적인 기술이나 능력을 밝혀 그러한 기술이나 능력이 개발되도록 직업교육과정을 구성해야 할 것이다. 이러한 직업적응혼련의 유형은 대체적으로 대인적응훈련, 직업전훈련, 보충적 기술훈련 또는 직업전훈련과 대인적응훈련으로 분류될 수 있다. 사회적 기술은 발달장애 학생들에 있어서는 학교 내에서나 학교 밖에서의 수행에 중요한 것이다. 사회기술훈련에서의 연구와 교과과정은 사회기술훈련을 획득하는데 있어 효과적인 교수방법을 제시해 왔지만 다양한 표준상황에 일반화 시켜야 할 많은 연구과제들이 남아있다.
High-Density Hollow Cathode Plasma Etching for Field Emission Display Applications (2001)

Abstract This paper investigates the characteristics of a newly developed high density hollow cathode plasma(HCP) system and its application for the etching of silicon wafers. We used SF6 and O2 gases in the HCP dry etch process. This paper demonstrates very high plasma density of 2 x 1012 cm-3 at a discharge current of 20 mA. Silicon etch rate of 1.3 x m/min was achieved with SF6/O2 plasma conditions of total gas pressure of 50 mTorr, gas flow rate of 40 sccm, and RF power of 200 W. This paper presents surface etching characteristics on a crystalline silicon wafer and large area cast type multicrystlline silicon wafer. We obtained field emitter tips size of less than 0.1 x m without any photomask step as well as with a conventional photolithography. Our experimental results can be applied to various display systems such as thin film growth and etching for TFT-LCDs, emitter tip formations for FEDs, and bright plasma discharge for PDP applications. In this research, we studied silicon etching properties by using the hollow cathode plasma system.
Search result visualization with characters for children (2014)

In this paper, we explore alternative ways to visualize search results for children. We propose a novel search result visualization using characters. The main idea is to represent each web document as a character where a character visually provides clues about the webpage's content. We focused on children between six and twelve as a target user group. Following the usercentered development approach, we conducted a preliminary user study to determine how children would represent a webpage as a sketch based on a given template of a character. Using the study results the first prototype of a search engine was developed. We evaluated the search interface on a touchpad and a touch table in a second user study and analyzed user's satisfaction and preferences.
Is platelet transfusion efficient to restore platelet reactivity in patients who are responders to aspirin and/or clopidogrel before emergency surgery? (2013)

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to confirm that emergency platelet transfusion effectively restores platelet function to patients receiving antiplatelet therapy (APT) with aspirin and/or clopidogrel. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective observational case report series conducted between January 1, 2009, and January 1, 2012. All responder patients according to the Verify Now device requiring emergency platelet transfusion because of a potentially life-threatening hemorrhage or before emergency neurosurgery were included. Aspirin or P2Y12-specific tests were used as appropriate for patients under aspirin or clopidogrel. Patients who were responders to aspirin had an aspirin reaction unit of less than 550, and patients who were responders to clopidogrel had an inhibition percentage of more than 20%. The Verify Now test was performed again after platelet transfusion. Pretransfusion and posttransfusion test results were compared. RESULTS: During the 36-month period, 25 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 4 were receiving dual APT, 8 were receiving clopidogrel only, and 13 were receiving aspirin only. The average platelet transfusion dose was 0.12 UI/kg (range, 0.10–0.14 UI/kg). For patients under clopidogrel, the inhibition percentage lowered significantly after transfusion (median 54 [range, 31–69] before and 25 [range, 18–50] after transfusion; p < 0.005) but remained above the 20% threshold. Our patients were still responsive to clopidogrel after platelet transfusion. This result is conflicting with the existing literature. The median aspirin reaction unit of aspirin users before and after transfusion were 420 (range, 400–470) and 630 (range, 610–640), respectively (p = 0.001). The efficacy of platelet transfusion to restore aspirin-mediated disaggregation is confirmed by our case series. CONCLUSION: Platelet transfusion does not restore platelet function in patients under clopidogrel, but it is efficient for patients under aspirin. This sheds new light on previous large-scale studies that have been unable to show any effectiveness of emergency platelet transfusion in patients under APT. Emergency platelet transfusion may only be indicated in aspirin users who are responders and not in all patients under APT as is actually recommended. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV.
Magnetic separation of the second kind: Magnetogravimetric, magnetohydrostatic, and magnetohydrodynamic separations (1976)

Magnetogravimetric, magnetohydrostatic, and magnetohydrodynamic separation techniques can be classified as magnetic separations of the second kind. Magnetic separation of the first kind (ordinary magnetic separation) relies on the inherent magnetic susceptibility of the material to be separated. When the medium of separation rather than the separated particles is made magnetizable, a new system of gravity separations can result (magnetic separation of the second kind). In magnetogravimetry, a colloidal solution of a ferro- or ferrimagnetic substance (magnetic fluid) acts as the separation medium. Magnetohydrostatic separations are conducted in an aqueous solution (or melt) of a strongly paramagnetic salt. Magnetohydrodynamics applies the Faraday effect (mutual orthogonality of the force thrust, electric, and magnetic fields) on suspended conducting minerals in an electrolytic solution placed in crossed electric and magnetic fields. The first technique was pioneered mainly in the United States, while the last two techniques were pioneered by Bunin and Andres in the Soviet Union and introduced to the West by Andres. The principles underlying the three separation techniques will be discussed.
Dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease: a look at apomorphine (1993)

Apomorphine is a D1 and D2 dopamine receptor agonist with anti-parkinsonian properties qualitatively similar to those seen with L-dopa. It was first used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease by Schwab in the 1950s but owing to its short duration of action, the need for parenteral administration, and adverse reactions including nausea, vomiting, postural hypotension and sedation, it was not widely prescribed. In the early 1970s, Cotzias confirmed its potent anti-parkinsonian effects and that some of its secondary effects were diametrically opposite to those seen with L-dopa. The advent of peripheral dopamine receptor antagonist drugs, which counteract the unwanted effects of apomorphine, and the development of new drug delivery systems including insulin pens and ambulatory mini pumps have led to the resurrection of apomorphine for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Over the last five years in Europe, the drug has proved to be a major advance in the treatment of refractory "on-off" oscillations in Parkinson's disease. It has also been used as a diagnostic test for dopaminergic responsiveness in Parkinson syndromes and tremors of uncertain aetiology. The drug has also proved particularly useful in dealing with certain "off-period" disabilities, including pain, bladder dysfunction, dystonia and gastro-intestinal symptoms. Continuous steady state infusion of apomorphine by mini-pump may reduce the severity of "on" phase dyskinesias over time. The drug has also proved useful in the clinical pharmacological investigation of the pathophysiology of the motor response to dopaminergic drugs in Parkinson's disease and the occurrence of involuntary movement sequences. Neuropsychiatric side-effects are relatively infrequent when compared with ergolene dopamine agonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of Stable Film Test for Rapid Estimation of Blood or Plasma 3-Hydroxybutyrate (1990)

A film test for the rapid detection of plasma/serum 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) has been developed. The film contains NAD, nitro blue tetrazolium, 3-OHB dehydrogenase, and diaphorase, and the surface is coated with modified biomembrane and can detect 50-1500 microM 3-OHB within 2-3 min. One drop or 50 microliters of plasma/serum or blood is applied to the film, and the violet color is read via reflectance meter after 2 min. Plasma/serum samples greater than 1500 microM 3-OHB can be measured by dilution with saline. In blood with 40% hematocrit, the color developed is 50% less than with plasma/serum, and this was adjusted in the reflectance meter. A good correlation (r = 0.99) was observed between results with automated and film methods and between visual methods and reflectance meter. In insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, all 3 subjects with positive ketonuria (+ +), 8 of 12 subjects with mild ketonuria (+), and 7 of 25 subjects without ketonuria exhibited elevation of 3-OHB in blood greater than 200 microM. The results indicate that 3-OHB film is valuable not only in the emergency room for the differential diagnosis between ketoacidotic and nonketotic hypersomolar coma but also as a marker for insulin dependency, energy dependency on fatty acid compared with glucose, and metabolic control of diabetes.
Monogene and Polygene Therapy for the Treatment of Experimental Prostate Cancers by Use of Apoptotic Genes <i>bax</i> and <i>bad</i> Driven by the Prostate-Specific Promoter ARR <sub>2</sub> PB (2002)

We have shown that adenovirus-mediated manipulation of apoptotic genes such as bax could be a therapeutic option for prostate cancer. Unfortunately, the response of experimental prostate tumors to a single therapeutic gene of the apoptotic pathway is short-lived, and most of these tumors relapse after a short period of time. In this investigation we present data generated with adenovirus AvARR(2)PB-Bad, in which the apoptotic gene bad was placed under the control of the dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-inducible third-generation probasin-derived promoter ARR(2)PB. This therapeutic virus was given alone or in combination with other therapeutic viruses to a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental models of prostate cancer. On infection with AvARR(2)PB-Bad, DHT-induced Bad overexpression occurred specifically in androgen receptor-positive (AR(+)) cells of prostatic derivation. The apoptotic effect of AvARR(2)PB-Bad (group 1) was compared with that of AvARR(2)PB-Bax (which overexpresses the apoptotic protein Bax) (group 2), with that of the combination AvARR(2)PB-Bad plus AvARR(2)PB-Bax (group 3), and with that of the control virus AvARR(2)PB-CAT (group 4) in the cell line LNCaP. In addition to identifying the modality of apoptosis induction by overexpressed Bad, the results suggested that group 3 contained more apoptotic cells than any other group. In additional studies, AR(+) androgen-dependent LNCaP cells or AR(+) and androgen-independent C4-2 cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. Four groups of six LNCaP or C4-2 tumors were treated with the same combinations of viruses discussed above for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4. Treatment resulted in decreased tumor size in groups 1, 2, and 3 compared with group 4. There was a better response in group 3 compared with group 2, and in group 2 compared with group 1. A better response in group 3 was confirmed during a 8-week follow-up period, in which no treatment was administered. Two LNCaP and C4-2 tumors of group 3 disappeared at the end of treatment and did not recur after an 8-week follow-up period. The data suggest that polygene therapy with apoptotic molecules is more effective in experimental models of androgen-dependent or -independent prostate cancer than monogene therapy.
Ozone for Inactivation of Aerosolized Bacteriophages (2006)

Because of increasing incidence of virus-containing aerosols, ozone was potentially considered to be a promising method to inactivate airborne viruses. In this investigation, bacteriophages MS2, phi X174, phi 6, and T7 are under evaluation. The effects of ozone concentration, contact time, different capsid architecture of virus and relative humidity (RH) on inactivating airborne viruses by ozone were evaluated in a laboratory test chamber. It was observed that the survival fraction of airborne virus decreased exponentially with increasing ozone dose. Airborne viruses required ozone doses of 0.34 to 1.98 and 0.80 to 4.19 min-mg/m 3 for 90% and 99% inactivation, respectively. For all four tested, the ozone dose for 99% inactivation was 2 times higher than that for 90% inactivation. At airborne phase with a short contact time, viruses with more complex capsid architectures were observed to be less susceptible to ozone inactivation than those with simple ones. For all tested viruses at the same inactivation, the required ozone concentration at 85% RH was lower than that at 55% RH, possibly because the generation of more radicals from ozone reacting with water vapor at the higher RH. In summary, it was concluded that ozone is highly effective for the inactivation of airborne virus.
The Effects of Generalized Joint Laxity on Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Young Female Athletes (2008)

The current results indicate that increased knee-laxity measures may contribute to increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. The methods to quantify knee joint laxity in this report may be used in conjunction with measures of neuromuscular control of the knee joint to identify high-risk female athletes with high accuracy. Once high-risk female athletes are identified, they may be targeted to the appropriate interventions to reduce injury risk.
Should nurseries charge registration fees? (2002)

Two of the most important things in life are being a parent and working. Yet these are often in conflict. Ask any working parent what their biggest issue about going out to work is, and they will answer the C word: childcare.
High Level Expression of Chicken Muscle Adenylate Kinase in Escherichia coli1 (1987)

Chicken muscle adenylate kinase was produced in a large amount in Escherichia coli cells harboring an expression plasmid, pKK-cAKl-1. The plasmid was constructed by placing the cDNA sequence for chicken muscle adenylate kinase after the tac promoter. After induction by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, the enzyme protein amounted to about 10% of the bacterial proteins. The enzyme was readily purified in two steps by using phosphocellulose and Sephadex G-100 columns. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme produced in E. coli was estimated to be 22,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in agreement with the value deduced from the cDNA sequence. Ten amino acids in the NH2-terminal region were determined, and were identical with the sequence deduced from the cDNA sequence except that the terminal methionine was absent. Michaelis constants for ATP, ADP, and AMP of the enzyme thus synthesized were essentially identical to those determined with the enzyme in crude extracts of chicken skeletal muscle.
SWI/SNF Complex Interacts with Tumor Suppressor p53 and Is Necessary for the Activation of p53-mediated Transcription (2002)

The SWI/SNF complex is required for the transcription of several genes and has been shown to alter nucleosome structure in an ATP-dependent manner. The tumor suppressor protein p53 displays growth and transformation suppression functions that are frequently lost in mutant p53 proteins detected in various cancers. Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we show that several subunits of the human SWI/SNF complex bind to the tumor suppressor protein p53 in vivo and in vitro. The transactivation function of p53 is stimulated by overexpression of hSNF5 and BRG-1 and dominant forms of hSNF5 and BRG-1 repress p53-dependent transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay shows that hSNF5 and BRG-1 are recruited to a p53-dependent promoter in vivo. Overexpression of dominant negative forms of either hSNF5 or BRG-1 inhibited p53-mediated cell growth suppression and apoptosis. Molecular connection between p53 and the SWI/SNF complex implicates that (i) the SWI/SNF complex is necessary for p53-driven transcriptional activation, and (ii) the SWI/SNF complex plays an important role in p53-mediated cell cycle control.
Natural history of neurofibromatosis 1–associated optic nerve glioma in mice (2004)

Children affected with the inherited tumor predisposition syndrome, neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), are prone to the development of low-grade astrocytic optic pathway tumors (optic pathway glioma [OPG]). Previously, we developed a model of NF1-associated astrocytoma (GFAPCre; Nf1(flox/mut) mice) in which mice develop optic nerve and chiasm glioma. To define the molecular pathogenesis of OPG, we used this mouse model to study the natural history of OPG formation using immunohistological and radiographic approaches. We observed that whereas astrocyte hyperplasia is present in the optic nerves associated with gross optic nerve thickening at 3 weeks of age, overt neoplastic changes were not seen until 2 months of age. Astrocyte proliferation was maximal between 3 weeks and 2 months of age, suggesting that the most rapid period of growth occurs early. Mouse OPG tumors were detected by magnetic resonance imaging at 2 months of age and exhibited contrast enhancement, as seen in human OPG. In addition, the mouse OPG tumors exhibited expression of proteins associated with astroglial progenitors, including nestin and brain lipid binding protein. Last, we observed neovascularization and microglial cell infiltration by 3 weeks of age before overt neoplastic transformation, suggesting that these cellular changes participate in the early stages of tumor formation.
Cellular prion protein status in sheep: tissue-specific biochemical signatures (2001)

Expression of the cellular prion protein PrP(C) is sine qua none for the development of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy and thus for the accumulation of the illness-associated conformer PrP(Sc). Therefore, the tissue distribution of PrP(C) at the protein level in both quantitative and qualitative terms was investigated. PrP(C) was quantified using a two-site enzyme immunometric assay which was calibrated with purified ovine recombinant prion protein (rPrP). The most PrP(C)-rich tissue was the brain, followed by the lungs, skeletal muscle, heart, uterus, thymus and tongue, which contained between 20- and 50-fold less PrP(C) than the brain. The PrP(C) content of these tissues seems to be comparable between sheep. Other organs, however, showed different, but low, levels of the protein depending on the animal examined. This was also the case for tissues from the gastrointestinal tract. The tissue containing the lowest concentration of PrP(C) was shown to be the liver, where PrP(C) was found to be between 564- and 16000-fold less abundant than in the brain. PrP(C) was concentrated from crude cellular extracts by immunoprecipitation using several monoclonal and polyclonal anti-ovine PrP antibodies. Interestingly, it was observed that the isoform profile of PrP(C) was tissue-specific. The most atypical electrophoretic profile of PrP(C) was found in the skeletal muscle, where two polypeptides of 32 and 35 kDa were detected.
The Beginnings of Probability Theory. (1981)

Osteoporosis affects millions and often goes undetected and untreated. DeepDXA-Hand, a HarDNet-based deep learning model, predicted bone mineral density with a correlation of 0.745 and classified osteoporosis with 0.80 accuracy. This model enhances early detection and has significant clinical potential as osteoporosis opportunistic screening tool.
First Multigram Preparation of SCP-123, A Novel Water-Soluble Analgesic (2009)

A short multi-gram process for the preparation of the analgesic compound SCP-123 (4) and its sodium salt has been developed.
Opportunistic scheduling for wireless network coding (2009)

This letter addresses a scheduling problem for wireless network coding (WNC). In our previous work, we have theoretically shown that the optimum number of nodes to be included into a network coded packet as well as its transmission rate depends on time varying link condition between a transmitting node and receiving nodes [1]. Based on this observation, this letter designs practical scheme which opportunistically selects scheduled nodes, packets to be coded and an employed modulation level according to time varying channel conditions and packet length. The numerical results show that the proposed opportunistic scheduling can improve the overall throughput as compared with non-opportunistic approach.