gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paceline: Improving Single-Thread Performance in Nanoscale CMPs through Core Overclocking (2007)

Under current worst-case design practices, manufacturers specify conservative values for processor frequencies in order to guarantee correctness. To recover some of the lost performance and improve single-thread performance, this paper presents the Paceline leader-checker microarchitecture. In Paceline, a leader core runs the thread at higher-than-rated frequency, while passing execution hints and prefetches to a safely-clocked checker core in the same chip multiprocessor. The checker redundantly executes the thread faster than without the leader, while checking the results to guarantee correctness. Leader and checker cores periodically swap functionality. The result is that the thread improves performance substantially without significantly increasing the power density or the hardware design complexity of the chip. By overclocking the leader by 30%, we estimate that Paceline improves SPECint and SPECfp performance by a geometric mean of 21% and 9%, respectively. Moreover, Paceline also provides tolerance to transient faults such as soft errors.
Buffer optimization for crack-free GaN epitaxial layers grown on Si(1 1 1) substrate by MOCVD (2008)

We report the growth of GaN films on the Si(1 1 1) substrate by metalorganic chemical vapour phase deposition (MOCVD). Different buffer layers were used to investigate their effects on the structural and optical properties of GaN layers. A series of GaN layers were grown on Si(1 1 1) with different buffer layers and buffer thicknesses and were characterized by Nomarski microscopy, atomic force microscopy, high-resolution x-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. We first discuss the optimization of the LT-AlN/HT-AlN/Si(1 1 1) templates and then the optimization of the graded AlGaN intermediate layers. In order to prevent stress relaxation, step-graded AlGaN layers were introduced along with a crack-free GaN layer of thickness exceeding 2.6 νm. The XRD and PL measurements results confirmed that a wurtzite GaN was successfully grown. The resulting GaN film surfaces were flat, mirror-like and crack-free. The mosaic structure in the GaN layers was investigated. With a combination of Williamson-Hall measurements and the fitting of twist angles, it was found that the buffer thickness determines the lateral coherence length, vertical coherence length, as well as the tilt and twist of the mosaic blocks in GaN films. The PL spectra at 8 K show that a strong band edge photoluminescence of GaN on Si (1 1 1) emits light at an energy of 3.449 eV with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximately 16 meV. At room temperature, the peak position and FWHM of this emission become 3.390 eV and 58 meV, respectively. The origin of this peak was attributed to the neutral donor bound exciton. It was found that the optimized total thickness of the AlN and graded AlGaN layers played a very important role in the improvement of quality and in turn reduced the cracks during the growth of GaN/Si(1 1 1) epitaxial layers.
Acute Kidney Injury as a Condition of Renal Senescence (2018)

Acute kidney injury (AKI), characterized by a sharp drop in glomerular filtration, continues to be a significant health burden because it is associated with high initial mortality, morbidity, and substantial health-care costs. There is a strong connection between AKI and mechanisms of senescence activation. After ischemic or nephrotoxic insults, a wide range of pathophysiological events occur. Renal tubular cell injury is characterized by cell membrane damage, cytoskeleton disruption, and DNA degradation, leading to tubular cell death by necrosis and apoptosis. The senescence mechanism involves interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and capillary rarefaction, all of which impede the morphological and functional recovery of the kidneys, suggesting a strong link between AKI and the progression of chronic kidney disease. During abnormal kidney repair, tubular epithelial cells can assume a senescence-like phenotype. Cellular senescence can occur as a result of cell cycle arrest due to increased expression of cyclin kinase inhibitors (mainly p21), downregulation of Klotho expression, and telomere shortening. In AKI, cellular senescence is aggravated by other factors including oxidative stress and autophagy. Given this scenario, the main question is whether AKI can be repaired and how to avoid the senescence process. Stem cells might constitute a new therapeutic approach. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can ameliorate kidney injury through angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and fibrosis pathway blockade, as well as through antiapoptotic and promitotic processes. Young umbilical cord-derived MSCs are better at increasing Klotho levels, and thus protecting tissues from senescence, than are adipose-derived MSCs. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs improve glomerular filtration and tubular function to a greater degree than do those obtained from adult tissue. Although senescence-related proteins and microRNA are upregulated in AKI, they can be downregulated by treatment with umbilical cord-derived MSCs. In summary, stem cells derived from young tissues, such as umbilical cord-derived MSCs, could slow the post-AKI senescence process.
Microstrip Array Antenna with Parasitic Elements Alternately Arranged Over Two Layers of LTCC Substrate for Millimeter Wave Applications (2007)

This paper proposes a novel high-gain millimeter-wave microstrip array antenna formed on a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate. The proposed antenna employs alternately arranged parasitic elements formed on only two LTCC layers. This paper describes the design and characteristics of the proposed antenna. The antenna performance is also evaluated by electro-magnetic simulation. The proposed antenna achieves the antenna gain of 10.3 dBi and its radiation efficiency is greater than 60.3% at 60-GHz band. The proposed millimeter-wave antenna promises thin and compact antenna-integrated RF modules that provide a low-cost millimeter-wave system-on-package
Defects of Learning Ability with Massive Lesions of the Temporal Lobe (1960)

In previous studies of patients on whom an anterior temporal lobectomy has been performed for the relief of temporal lobe epilepsy, it has been shown that, following removal of the dominant temporal lobe, certain specific defects of cognitive functions arise which are not present after removal of the non-dominant temporal lobe (Meyer and Yates, 1955; Meyer, 1957; Meyer and Jones, 1957; Meyer, 1959). The present study has been undertaken to find out whether destruction or damage to the same region by massive lesions such as tumours and large scars would produce comparable findings.
Microarray standard data set and figures of meritfor comparing data processing methods and experiment designs (2003)

Expression data and supplementary information are available at http://www.rii.com/publications/2003/HE_SDS.htm
Influence of Anode Flow Rate and Cathode Oxygen Pressure on CO Poisoning of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2002)

The anode flow rate of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell involving Pt anode electrocatalyst is found to strongly influence the single cell performance when containing trace amounts of CO is used as the feed. The performance drops dramatically due to CO poisoning as the anode flow rate increases until a large overpotential is reached when it levels off. This effect of the flow rate on the extent of poisoning is found to be reversible and is explained as depending on the actual concentration of CO in the anode chamber which in turn depends on the feed content, the flow rate, and CO oxidation kinetics on Pt. Further, it is found that oxygen permeating across the PEM from the cathode side also appreciably affects the anode overpotential by providing another route for CO oxidation. A CO inventory model is provided that explains the observed phenomena in a PEM fuel cell operating with as anode feed and a cathode feed with different oxygen pressures. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
An ultra low-power chopper stabilized front-end for multichannel cortical signals recording (2004)

The design of an ultra low-power CMOS chopper stabilized front-end suitable for a fully implantable cortical data acquisition system (CDAS) is presented The proposed low-power front-end improves recording quality and is area efficient. It removes low frequency noise and achieves submicrovolt input offset. The key to its performances is chopper modulation technique, usage of weakly inverted transistors and a supply voltage of 0.9 V. The chopper amplifier is composed of a low-noise preamplifier combined with a 2/sup nd/ order micropower bandpass Gm-C filter. The preamplifier achieves an input referred noise of less than 30 nV//spl radic/Hz. A whole channel dissipates less than 20 /spl mu/W and has been implemented in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS.
Nuclear-spin noise and spontaneous emission (1987)

The spontaneous emission from nuclear spins has been observed at liquid${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}$He temperatures. The spins, $^{35}\mathrm{Cl}$ nuclei, are placed in the inductor of a tuned LCR circuit coupled to a dc superconducting quantum interference device used as a radio-frequency amplifier. When the spins are saturated and have zero polarization, the emission is observed at the nuclear quadrupole Larmor frequency as a bump in the spectral density of the Nyquist noise current in the tuned circuit. This bump arises from the temperature-independent fluctuations in the transverse component of the nuclear magnetization. When the spins are in thermal equilibrium, on the other hand, a dip in the spectral density of the current noise is observed, arising from an induced absorption of noise power from the circuit at the Larmor frequency. The standard circuit-coupled Bloch's equation, modified to take into account radiation damping and transverse spin fluctuations, is consistent with the predictions of the Nyquist theorem and the Einstein equation for spontaneous emission. A spin-pendulum model for spin noise is described. The signal-to-noise ratio obtainable in a spin-noise measurement is discussed.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HYDRAULIC AND SINGLE-PHASE HEAT TRANSFER IN 0.130-MM CAPILLARY TUBE (2002)

The objective of the present study is to investigate the hydraulic characteristics and single-phase thermal behaviour of a capillary tube with internal diameter of 130 w m. As the Reynolds number varies in the range from 100 up to 8,000 in the experiments, and flow regimes from laminar to turbulent are thoroughly investigated. The laminar-to-turbulent flow transition is studied in depth. Experiments show that laminar-to-turbulent flow transition occurs for Reynolds number in the range 1,880-2,480, while heat transfer correlations in laminar and turbulent regimes, developed for conventional tubes, are not adequate for calculation of heat transfer coefficient in microtubes.
Low-pH-Sensitive PEG-Stabilized Plasmid−Lipid Nanoparticles:  Preparation and Characterization (2003)

The acid-labile poly(ethyleneglycol)-diorthoester-distearoylglycerol lipid (POD), was used with a cationic lipid-phosphatidylethanolamine mixture to prepare stabilized plasmid-lipid nanoparticles (POD SPLP) that could mediate gene transfer in vitro by a pH triggered escape from the endosome. Nanoparticles of 60 nm diameter were prepared at pH 8.5 using a detergent dialysis method. The DNA encapsulation efficiency in the nanoparticles was optimal between 10 and 13 mol % ratio of cationic lipid and at a POD content of 20 mol %. The apparent zeta potential of the nanoparticles at 1 mM salt and pH 7.5 was positive, indicating cationic lipid on the external surface. However, the external layer of the nanoparticles was depleted in the cationic component compared to the starting mole ratio. Low pH sensitivity of the POD SPLP was characterized by a lag phase followed by a rapid collapse; at pH 5.3 the nanoparticles collapsed in 100 min. Nanoparticles prepared from a pH-insensitive PEG-lipid, PEG-distearoylglycerol had similar physicochemical characteristics as the POD SPLP but did not collapse at low pH. The POD SPLP had up to 3 orders of magnitude greater gene transfer activity than did the pH-insensitive nanoparticles. Both the pH-sensitive and pH-insensitive nanoparticles were internalized to a qualitatively similar extent in a punctate pattern into cultured cells within 2 h of incubation with the cells; thus, increased gene transfer of the POD SPLP was due to a more rapid escape from the endosome rather than to greater cell association of these nanoparticles. These results suggest that the pH-sensitive stabilized plasmid-lipid nanoparticles may be a useful component of a synthetic vector for parenterally administered gene therapy.
Design of reliable system based on Dynamic Bayesian Networks and Genetic Algorithm (2012)

Traditional approaches to the design of a reliable system follow system requirement analysis, preliminary design, detail design, and evaluation and redesign phases until a final acceptable design is obtained. However, to achieve a shorter time to market, system reliability concerns should be addressed at the design stage (“design for reliability”). In this paper, we propose a reliability optimization framework based on Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) which considers system reliability as a design parameter in design stages and can accelerate the design process of a reliable system. The majority of solution methods for reliability optimization problems are based on simple system structures (series, parallel, or k-out-of-n) without component dependency. In this paper, we extend it to a more complicated system with dynamic behavior. In order to capture the different dynamic behaviors of a system, DBN is used to estimate the system reliability of a potential design. Two basic DBN structures “CHOICE” and “REDUNDANCY” are introduced in this study. GA is developed and integrated into a DBN to find the optimal design. Simulation results show that the integration of GA optimization capabilities with DBN provides a robust, powerful system-design tool. Finally, the proposed method is applied to an example of a cardiac-assist system.
The effect of logic cell configuration, gatelength, and fan-out on the propagation delays of GaAs MESFET logic gates (1982)

In this work, three different logic cell configurations, two with and one without a source-follower are employed: These logic cells are arranged in 5- and 11-stage ring oscillator (RO) circuits. The circuits are then fabricated with nominal gatelengths of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 µm and fan-out loadings of 1, 2, 4, and 8 (consisting of source-gate capacitances). All these test circuits are incorporated into a 6-mm by 6-mm master field. Sufficiently large slices to result in a 4 × 4 array of the master field are used. Si <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> implantation into <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\langle100\rangle</tex> Cr-doped Bridgman and not intentionally doped liquid encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) substrates have been used with success in terms of reproducibility, long range uniformity, and mobility. Since circuit yields are high, each slice provides a sufficiently large data base for a meaningful statistical analysis to be carried out for each circuit type. These data (propagation delay versus circuit type) together with power dissipation results are presented. Preliminary modeling results of the experimental data are also presented.
Pressure-driven microfluidics (2007)

Microfluidics is a new field of fluid flow generation and control at small scales, making possible fundamental changes in some engineering and biomedical fields. Particular advantages bring devices operating without moving parts – but at the usually small Reynolds number it is difficult to use jet inertia,upon which no-moving-part fluidics is based. The paper presents, on an example, a solution: flow assisted - or downright driven - by applied pressure difference.
Amplitude ratios for complete moment tensor retrieval (2005)

We generalized the Snoke's method of inversion of amplitude ratios and polarities (P, SH, SV) designed to determine double‐couple earthquake focal mechanism (Snoke, 2003). We search for a general dipole source described by unconstrained seismic moment tensor, i.e. non‐double‐couple (non‐DC) source components are allowed as well. Based on synthetic tests simulating various configurations of seismic stations from sparse to dense networks and from low to high number of stations, conditions for successful inversion were found. We specified minimum amount of data, i.e. number of stations used and amplitude ratios employed, for reliable retrieval of non‐shear source components. We showed that processing of non‐DC data by traditional DC‐constrained algorithm could provide distorted fault‐plane solution. The approach is demonstrated with local data (1st arrival amplitudes) from 1997 West Bohemia, Czechia earthquake swarm and from 2000 injection experiment in KTB, Germany.
Minireview: Lipid Droplets in Lipogenesis and Lipolysis (2008)

Organisms store energy for later use during times of nutrient scarcity. Excess energy is stored as triacylglycerol in lipid droplets during lipogenesis. When energy is required, the stored triacylglycerol is hydrolyzed via activation of lipolytic pathways. The coordination of lipid storage and utilization is regulated by the perilipin family of lipid droplet coat proteins [perilipin, adipophilin/adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP), S3-12, tail-interacting protein of 47 kilodaltons (TIP47), and myocardial lipid droplet protein (MLDP)/oxidative tissues-enriched PAT protein (OXPAT)/lipid storage droplet protein 5 (LSDP5)]. Lipid droplets are dynamic and heterogeneous in size, location, and protein content. The proteins that coat lipid droplets change during lipid droplet biogenesis and are dependent upon multiple factors, including tissue-specific expression and metabolic state (basal vs. lipogenic vs. lipolytic). New data suggest that proteins previously implicated in vesicle trafficking, including Rabs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), and motor and cytoskeletal proteins, likely orchestrate the movement and fusion of lipid droplets. Thus, rather than inert cytoplasmic inclusions, lipid droplets are now appreciated as dynamic organelles that are critical for management of cellular lipid stores. That much remains to be discovered is suggested by the recent identification of a novel lipase [adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL)] and lipase regulator [Comparative Gene Identification-58 (CGI-58)], which has led to reconsideration of the decades-old model of lipolysis. Future discovery likely will be driven by the exploitation of model organisms and by human genetic studies.
Actions of substance P on rat spinal dorsal horn neurones. (1984)

The membrane actions of substance P (SP) and the effects on the Ca-dependent action potential of dorsal horn neurones have been investigated by means of intracellular recording techniques in the immature rat in vitro spinal cord slice preparation. Bath application of SP (2 X 10(-6) to 1 X 10(-5) M) induced a biphasic membrane response consisting of an initial hyperpolarization followed by a depolarization in about one-third of the cells examined. Initial hyperpolarization was not observed when synaptic activity was blocked by perfusing the slice with a tetrodotoxin-containing or low Ca, high Mg Ringer solution. This result is consistent with a presynaptic action of SP mediated through excitation of inhibitory interneurones. This interpretation was supported by recording of repetitive spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic potential (i.p.s.p.)-like hyperpolarizing potentials during the initial hyperpolarization. When Co ions were used to block voltage-dependent Ca conductance and possible indirect presynaptic actions, SP induced only a small depolarization of membrane potential. It seems, therefore, that Ca conductance may have contributed to the depolarizing phase of the SP response, either through its mediation of synaptic transmission or through direct effects as a charge carrier for inward current. When tetrodotoxin was used, the SP-induced increase in neuronal input resistance was not modified, although depolarization was slightly diminished. In contrast, in medium containing tetrodotoxin and tetraethylammonium, the SP-depolarizing response was enhanced and accompanied by a small decrease in input resistance and firing of Ca spikes. These results suggest that SP-induced depolarization might be a consequence of a reduction in a voltage-dependent K conductance allowing Na and/or Ca conductances to dominate. SP modified the duration of Ca-dependent action potentials of dorsal horn neurones, the most consistent change being an initial dose-dependent and reversible decrease in the spike duration. The decrease in Ca spike duration was associated with a small reduction in the rate of rise and peak amplitude, and a significant parallel increase in dV/dt of the falling phase of the Ca spike. Our data indicate that the initial decrease in Ca spike duration was not due to the depolarizing action of SP, although shunting of the membrane resistance, either through presynaptic or post-synaptic mechanisms, has not been ruled out. Alternatively, these data are consistent with the possibility that SP shortens the duration of the Ca spike by decreasing a voltage-sensitive inward Ca current and/or augmenting an outward K current.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
ESDU texts (1975)

The textbooks produced by the Engineering Science Development Unit (ESDU) at Loughborough University are now in process of publication. The material attempts to convey in textual terms the engineering approach to sixth form physics teaching embodied in the Joint Matriculation Board (JMB) A level syllabus in engineering science. The author describes the growth of engineering science in sixth forms and shows how the ESDU texts have been produced with a range of objectives in view.
Studies of amplitude versus offset in Saudi Arabia (1987)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1987Studies of amplitude versus offset in Saudi ArabiaAuthors: E. F. ChiburisE. F. ChiburisArabian American Oil Co., Saudi Arabiahttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892033 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892033FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByCharacterizing fluid contacts by joint inversion of seismic P-wave impedance and velocity9 October 2017 | Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, Vol. 8, No. 1References2 October 2014Modeling offset‐dependent reflectivity for time‐lapse monitoring of water‐flood production in thin‐layered reservoirsGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 69, No. 1Successful production application of 3‐D amplitude variation with offset: The lessons learnedGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 67, No. 2Synthesis of amplitude‐versus‐offset variations in ground‐penetrating radar dataGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 65, No. 1AVO inversion and direct hydrocarbon detectionJames L. Simmons and Milo M. Backus10 February 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1987ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1987 Pages: 923 publication data© 1987 Copyright © 1987 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 07 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION E. F. Chiburis, (1987), "Studies of amplitude versus offset in Saudi Arabia," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 614-616. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892033 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...