gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of lectin-binding analysis for in situ detection of glycoconjugates in biofilm systems (2001)

An assessment of lectin-binding analysis for the characterization of extracellular glycoconjugates as part of the extracellular polymeric substances in environmental microbial communities was performed using fully hydrated river biofilms. The applicability of the method was evaluated for single, dual and triple staining with a panel of fluor-conjugated lectins. It was shown that lectin-binding analysis was able to stain glycoconjugates within biofilm communities. Lectin staining also demonstrated spatial heterogeneity within the biofilm matrix. Furthermore, the application of two or even three lectins was possible if suitable combinations were selected. The lectin-binding analysis can be combined with general nucleic acid stains to collect both nucleic acid and glycoconjugate signals. The effects of incubation time, lectin concentration, fluor labelling, carbohydrate inhibition, order of addition and lectin interactions were studied. An incubation time of 20 min was found to be sufficient for completion of lectin binding. It was not possible to ascertain saturating concentration for individual lectins, therefore a standard concentration was used for the assay. Carbohydrate inhibition tests indicated that fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated lectins had more specific binding characteristics than tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)- or cyanine dye (CY5)-labelled lectins. The order of addition and the nature of the fluor conjugate were also found to influence the binding pattern of the lectins. Therefore the selection of a panel of lectins for investigating the EPS matrix must be based on a full evaluation of their behaviour in the biofilm system to be studied. Despite this necessity, lectin-binding analysis represents a valuable tool to examine the glycoconjugate distribution in fully hydrated biofilms. Thereby, chemical heterogeneities within extracellular biofilm locations can be identified in order to examine the role (e.g. sorption properties, microenvironments, cell-extracellular polymeric substance interactions) of the extracellular polymeric substances in environmental biofilm systems.
Sorafenib has soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitory activity, which contributes to its effect profile <i>in vivo</i> (2009)

The advent of multikinase inhibitors targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor has revolutionized the treatment of highly angiogenic malignancies such as renal cell carcinoma. Interestingly, several such inhibitors are commercially available, and they each possess diverse specific beneficial and adverse effect profiles. In examining the structure of sorafenib, it was hypothesized that this compound would possess inhibitory effects on the soluble epoxide hydrolase, an enzyme with pleiotropic effects on inflammation and vascular disease. We now show that sorafenib but not another VEGF receptor targeted inhibitor sunitinib is a potent inhibitor of the human soluble epoxide hydrolase in vitro (K(I) = 17 +/- 4 nmol/L). Furthermore, sorafenib causes the expected in vivo shift in oxylipid profile resulting from soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition, evidence of a reduction in the acute inflammatory response. Lipopolysaccharide-induced hypotension was reversed with sorafenib but not sunitinib treatment, suggesting that soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition accounts for at least part of the anti-inflammatory effect of sorafenib. The pharmacokinetic studies presented here in light of the known potency of sorafenib as a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor indicate that the soluble epoxide hydrolase will be largely inhibited at therapeutic doses of sorafenib. Thus, it is likely that soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition contributes to the beneficial effects from the inhibition of the VEGF receptor and other kinases during treatment with sorafenib.
RESONANT LIGHT SCATTERING AND HIGHER HARMONIC GENERATION BY PERIODIC SUBWAVELENGTH ARRAYS (2009)

Scattering of light on periodic subwavelength arrays is studied in the framework of the resonant scattering theory. With various examples of periodic structures it is demonstrated that: (i) an enhanced reflectance or transmittance is associated with the existence of trapped modes (quasi-stationary modes of light confined in the vicinity of the scattering structure); (ii) scattering structures may have trapped modes due to peculiarities their geometry (geometrical modes) and the dispersive properties of their material (material modes); a practical criterion based on the scaling symmetry of Maxwell's equations is proposed to distinguish them; (iii) the trapped mode field can be significantly amplified, as compared to the incident wave amplitude, in some regions of the structure; (iv) the amplification increases with increasing the lifetime of the trapped mode; (v) this effect can be used to enhance nonlinear optical effects (a resonant higher harmonic generation is studied in detail as an example). The theory of coupled resonances is developed and used to prove that there exist bound states of light in the radiation continuum (resonances with the vanishing width) in periodic arrays. The bound states are neither modes in metal cavities nor modes in photonic crystal defects. Structures supporting the bound states of light can be used to enhance and control nonlinear optical effects in subwavelength periodic arrays.
The Development of Direct Absorption and Storage Media for Falling Particle Solar Central Receivers (2015)

Spherical sintered bauxite particles between 200 μm and 700 μm in diameter have been shown to be effective in the direct absorption and storage of concentrated solar energy. These particles are commercially available in large quantities and exhibit as-received solar weighted absorptance (αs) greater than 0.90, which gradually degrades with extended heating in air at 700 °C and above. The degradation mechanism is an oxidation reaction that can be reversed via thermal or chemical reduction, resulting in αs > 0.95 along with enhanced resistance to further degradation for some formulations. Certain metal oxide pigments, added to Al2O3:SiO2, have proven to achieve solar weighted absorptance levels similar to those of the commercially available particles and may be promising alternatives to currently available materials.
DeepDSL: A Compilation-based Domain-Specific Language for Deep Learning (2017)

In recent years, Deep Learning (DL) has found great success in domains such as multimedia understanding. However, the complex nature of multimedia data makes it difficult to develop DL-based software. The state-of-the art tools, such as Caffe, TensorFlow, Torch7, and CNTK, while are successful in their applicable domains, are programming libraries with fixed user interface, internal representation, and execution environment. This makes it difficult to implement portable and customized DL applications. In this paper, we present DeepDSL, a domain specific language (DSL) embedded in Scala, that compiles deep networks written in DeepDSL to Java source code. Deep DSL provides (1) intuitive constructs to support compact encoding of deep networks; (2) symbolic gradient derivation of the networks; (3) static analysis for memory consumption and error detection; and (4) DSL-level optimization to improve memory and runtime efficiency. DeepDSL programs are compiled into compact, efficient, customizable, and portable Java source code, which operates the CUDA and CUDNN interfaces running on Nvidia GPU via a Java Native Interface (JNI) library. We evaluated DeepDSL with a number of popular DL networks. Our experiments show that the compiled programs have very competitive runtime performance and memory efficiency compared to the existing libraries.
Effects of Plant Size, Temperature, and Light Intensity on Flowering of<i>Phalaenopsis</i>Hybrids in Mediterranean Greenhouses (2014)

Mediterranean greenhouses for cultivation of Phalaenopsis orchids reproduce the warm, humid, and shaded environment of tropical underbrush. Heating represents the highest production cost, due to the high thermal requirements and the long unproductive phase of juvenility, in which plants attain the critical size for flowering. Our researches aimed to investigate the effect of plant size, temperature, and light intensity, during the phase of flower induction, on flowering of modern genotypes selected for Mediterranean greenhouses. Three experiments were carried out to compare (i) plant size: reduced size versus size considered optimal for flowering (hybrids "Sogo Yukidian," "Chain Xen Diamond," and "Pinlong"); (ii) temperature: moderate reduction of temperature versus standard thermal regime (hybrid "Premium"); (iii) light intensity: supplemental lighting versus reference light intensity (hybrid "Premium"). The premature exposure of plants to the inductive treatment delayed the beginning of flowering and reduced the flower stem quality, in all the tested hybrids. In "Premium," the lower temperature did not affect flowering earliness and commercial quality of flower stems compared to the standard regime, whereas it promoted stem branching. In the same hybrid, supplemental lighting anticipated flowering and promoted the emission of the second stem and the stem branching, compared to the reference light regime.
Simulation study of MR damper for bump road profile (2017)

In the current world scenario of automobiles, vibration is the major controlling factor which affects the ride comfort of the vehicle. The aim of this study is to simulate the automotive suspension system integrated with dampers filled with magneto-rheological (MR) fluid for vibration control and study the responses so as to enhance the passengers comfort. For this study, a quarter car model integrated with MR damper is selected. The Modified Bouc-Wen model is adopted for the MR damper. A sliding mode controller (SMC) is adopted in this study. The performance of the MR suspension system is analyzed by giving bump excitation with different vehicle speeds. Simulation study is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink©. For controlled MR suspension system, the displacement of the sprung mass and settling time is considerably reduced compared to the passive system.
Prevention of Implantable-Defibrillator Shocks by Treatment with Sotalol (1999)

Oral sotalol was safe and efficacious in reducing the risk of death or the delivery of a first defibrillator shock whether or not ventricular function was depressed.
A journey through the lectin pathway of complement—<scp>MBL</scp> and beyond (2016)

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectin-10, collectin-11, and the ficolins (ficolin-1, ficolin-2, and ficolin-3) are soluble pattern recognition molecules in the lectin complement pathway. These proteins act as mediators of host defense and participate in maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They bind to conserved pathogen-specific structures and altered self-antigens and form complexes with the pentraxins to modulate innate immune functions. All molecules exhibit distinct expression in different tissue compartments, but all are found to a varying degree in the circulation. A common feature of these molecules is their ability to interact with a set of serine proteases named MASPs (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3). MASP-1 and -2 trigger the activation of the lectin pathway and MASP-3 may be involved in the activation of the alternative pathway of complement. Furthermore, MASPs mediate processes related to coagulation, bradykinin release, and endothelial and platelet activation. Variant alleles affecting expression and structure of the proteins have been associated with a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases, most commonly as disease modifiers. Notably, the severe 3MC (Malpuech, Michels, Mingarelli, and Carnevale) embryonic development syndrome originates from rare mutations affecting either collectin-11 or MASP-3, indicating a broader functionality of the complement system than previously anticipated. This review summarizes the characteristics of the molecules in the lectin pathway.
Evaluation of butyl stearate, butyl oleate, butyl ricmoleate, and methyl lmoleate as poly(vinyl chloride) plasticizers (1964)

Abstract An investigation of butyl stearate, butyl oleate, butyl rieinoleate, and methyl lmoleate was made to determine the extent of their compatibility with poly(vinyl chloride) and their plasticizing effects on the physical, properties of the resulting molded sheets. These monoesters were evaluated as the sole plasticizer and in combination with DOP. The results showed the materials to have limited compatibility in general, being less than 10% of the total mix. In combination with DOP these compounds were found to improve the plasticizer efficiency, color, low temperature flexibility, and heat stability of the molded poly (vinyl chloride) sheets over those containing DOP as the sole plasticizer. Tensile strength, per cent elongation, and light stability properties were essentially comparable to those found for pure DOP.
Understanding Factors Affecting Innovation Resistance of Mobile Payments in Taiwan: An Integrative Perspective (2020)

Mobile payment is a new payment method that provides opportunities for the financial services industry and involves various payment mediums. There are numerous drivers and barriers that influence customers’ willingness to use mobile payment. Previous studies have focused upon the motivations which facilitate its usage, but this study takes the opposite viewpoint and seeks to understand and classify the resistance to mobile payment from the customer perspective. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. More specifically, due to the small sample size, the study employed the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique. A total of 348 valid samples were collected. Self-determination is an antecedent of innovation resistance theory and further affects the intention to use the mobile payment approach. The conclusion is that resistance to new products will reduce as consumers’ psychological needs are fulfilled. Several theoretical and practical implications are discussed for the mobile payment resistance.
Aureoverticillactam, a Novel 22-Atom Macrocyclic Lactam from the Marine Actinomycete <i>Streptomyces aureoverticillatus</i> (2004)

During the course of our screening program designed to discover novel anticancer and anti-infective agents from marine microorganisms, a strain of Streptomyces aureoverticillatus (NPS001583) isolated from a marine sediment was found to produce a novel macrocyclic lactam with cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines. Using extensive MS, UV, and NMR spectral analyses, the structure has been established as compound 1, aureoverticillactam, a 22-atom macrocyclic lactam incorporating both triene and tetraene conjugated olefins.
Pentoxifylline inhibits interleukin-2-induced leukocyte-endothelial adherence and reduces systemic toxicity. (1991)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) mediates the regression of metastatic cancer, but clinical application has been limited by the induction of dose-dependent toxicities in normal tissues. The most clinically significant toxicities occur secondary to a vascular leak syndrome and include acute respiratory failure and hemodynamic instability. Because previous studies suggested a role for pentoxifylline in attenuating the toxic effects of IL-2, we hypothesized that pentoxifylline would inhibit alterations in the microvasculature induced by IL-2 and would ultimately reduce IL-2-induced toxicity. To determine the validity of this hypothesis, we prepared four groups of rats for in vivo microvascular observation. In the first group, a bolus intravenous injection of IL-2 (1 x 10(6) units/kg) acutely induced hypotension, tachypnea, hypoxia, increased lung water, decreased microvascular blood flow, and increased leukocyte-endothelial adherence. No significant changes occurred in animals treated by pentoxifylline alone or the control IL-2 vehicle-alone group. However, pentoxifylline inhibited many of the IL-2-induced systemic and microvascular effects, such as hypotension, tachypnea, increased lung water, hypoxia, and increased leukocyte-endothelial adherence, but not tachycardia or increased microvascular protein leakage. These data support our hypothesis that systemic toxicities induced by IL-2 are associated with alterations in the microcirculation, which may be ameliorated by pentoxifylline.
Axonal Transmission in the Retina Introduces a Small Dispersion of Relative Timing in the Ganglion Cell Population Response (2011)

Intraretinal conduction does not change the relative spike timing between ganglion cells of the same type but increases spike timing differences among ganglion cells of different type. The fastest retinal ganglion cells therefore act as indicators of new stimuli for postsynaptic neurons. The intraretinal dispersion of the population activity will not be compensated by variability in extraretinal conduction times, estimated from data in the literature.
Proof-of-concept investigation of Active Velcro for smart attachment mechanisms (2001)

A Smart Attachment Mechanism (SAM) possesses the ability to attach two surfaces and effect relative motion between the surfaces upon command. This paper introduces a new SAM technology called Active Velcro which exhibits these capabilities. The conceptual design and its operation are explained along with a brief discussion of several key design issues that govern its architecture. Proof-of-concept prototypes were fabricated at two scales: one at a large-scale (26 x 22.5 x 6 cm) using off-the-shelf components, and a second at a reduced-scale (0.55 x 0.63 x 0.21 cm) utilizing stereolithography. In bench-top tests, the prototypes demonstrated planar translation and rotation capabilities while retaining the part being manipulated thereby proving the Active Velcro concept.
MIMO Detection and Equalization for Single-Carrier Systems Using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (2016)

In this letter, a multiple-input multiple-output detection algorithm based on the alternating direction method of the multipliers (ADMM) is proposed for single-carrier transmissions in time dispersive channels. The ADMM is applied as a heuristic to solve the maximum likelihood detection problem for arbitrary signal constellations formulated in the frequency domain. This approach allows most of the decoding steps to be implemented in the frequency domain with an overall reduced complexity cost. Simulation results show that the performances close to the matched filter bound can be attained in large problem sizes, even in overloaded scenarios.
Recent Progress in X-ray and Neutron Phase Imaging with Gratings (2020)

Under the JST-ERATO project in progress to develop X-ray and neutron phase-imaging methods together, recent achievements have been selected and reviewed after describing the merit and the principle of the phase imaging method. For X-ray phase imaging, recent developments of four-dimensional phase tomography and phase microscopy at SPring-8, Japan are mainly presented. For neutron phase imaging, an approach in combination with the time-of-flight method developed at J-PARC, Japan is described with the description of new Gd grating fabrication.
Traffic Matrix Prediction and Estimation Based on Deep Learning for Data Center Networks (2016)

Network traffic analysis is a crucial technique for systematically operating a data center network. Many network management functions rely on exact network traffic information. Although a great number of works to obtain network traffic have been carried out in traditional ISP networks, they cannot be employed effectively in data center networks. Motivated by that, we focus on the problem of network traffic prediction and estimation in data center networks. We involve deep learning techniques in the network traffic prediction and estimation fields, and propose two deep architectures for network traffic prediction and estimation, respectively. We first use a deep architecture to explore the time-varying property of network traffic in a data center network, and then propose a novel network traffic prediction approach based on a deep belief network and a logistic regression model. Meanwhile, to deal with the highly ill-pose property of network traffic estimation, we further propose a network traffic estimation method using the deep belief network trained by link counts. We validate the effectiveness of our methodologies by real traffic data.
All I Ever Needed to Know About Teaching Law School I Learned Teaching Kindergarten: Introducing Gaming Techniques into the Law School Classroom (1995)

Jennifer L. Rosato is Associate Professor, Brooklyn Law School. She thanks Michelle Cucuzza and Jennifer Schaefer for valuable research assistance, and Lymarie Rios for secretarial assistance. She also extends her thanks to Doris Del Tosto Brogan, Stacy Caplow, Linda Feldman, Marsha Garrison, Elizabeth Schneider, and Marilyn Walter for helpful critique and invaluable support. Funding for this research was provided by a generous stipend from Brooklyn Law School.
Approaching Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Non-Coding RNA Research (2020)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the biggest cause of sickness and mortality worldwide in both males and females. Clinical statistics demonstrate clear sex differences in risk, prevalence, mortality rates, and response to treatment for different entities of CVD. The reason for this remains poorly understood. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key mediators and biomarkers of CVD. Similarly, current knowledge on differential regulation, expression, and pathology-associated function of ncRNAs between sexes is minimal. Here, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of what is known on sex differences in ncRNA research in CVD as well as discussing the contributing biological factors to this sex dimorphism including genetic and epigenetic factors and sex hormone regulation of transcription. We then focus on the experimental models of CVD and their use in translational ncRNA research in the cardiovascular field. In particular, we want to highlight the importance of considering sex of the cellular and pre-clinical models in clinical studies in ncRNA research and to carefully consider the appropriate experimental models most applicable to human patient populations. Moreover, we aim to identify sex-specific targets for treatment and diagnosis for the biggest socioeconomic health problem globally.
An extended model of natural logic (2009)

We propose a model of natural language inference which identifies valid inferences by their lexical and syntactic features, without full semantic interpretation. We extend past work in natural logic, which has focused on semantic containment and monotonicity, by incorporating both semantic exclusion and implicativity. Our model decomposes an inference problem into a sequence of atomic edits linking premise to hypothesis; predicts a lexical semantic relation for each edit; propagates these relations upward through a semantic composition tree according to properties of intermediate nodes; and joins the resulting semantic relations across the edit sequence. A computational implementation of the model achieves 70% accuracy and 89% precision on the FraCaS test suite. Moreover, including this model as a component in an existing system yields significant performance gains on the Recognizing Textual Entailment challenge.