gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Instrumentation For Measuring In-Situ Sea Truth For Laser Radar Applications (1984)

Instrumentation has been developed to independently measure the key optical parameters of seawater that are required to verify algorithms used to interpret data from a laser radar. Instrumentation designs and performance are described in terms of their applicability to the laser radar problem. Representative data obtained during field tests are presented.
Low Temperature Ferritic Nitrocarburizing (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Salt bath nitrocarburizing (SBN™) is typically done at 1075°F, thereby limiting near-surface hardening, and consequently fatigue strengthening, according to the temper resistance of the base material. The first phase of this investigation is a study of the response of low alloy steels to SBN at lower temperatures, viz. 750°F-950°F (400°C-510°C). Based on metallographic and traverse hardness results, it is evident that SAE 4140 and SAE 8620 (carb.) steels can develop satisfactory near-surface hardening by low temperature SBN, particularly at 950°F (510°C) with extended time cycles. The next phase of the investigation is to determine the correlation of increased near-surface hardness on bending and contact fatigue strengths.</div>
Solar driven hydrogen releasing from urea and human urine (2012)

Urea has been considered as a potential hydrogen source, while the conventional methods to extract hydrogen from urea are typically energy intensive processes. Here we report the first demonstration of solar driven hydrogen releasing from urea and human urine in a photoelectrochemical cell, with the assistance of Ni(OH)2 modified metal oxide photoelectrodes (e.g., TiO2 and α-Fe2O3). Ni(OH)2 serves as a urea oxidation catalyst. Under light illumination, photoexcited holes generated at the metal oxide electrode oxidize urea, while photoexcited electrons reduce water to produce hydrogen gas at the Pt counter electrode. Urea oxidation was achieved under a small external bias or even at zero bias. Significantly, we observed continuous and stable hydrogen evolution at the Pt electrode in both urea and human urine electrolyte solutions under AM 1.5G (100 mW cm−2) light illumination. This work presents a safe, low energy cost, environmentally friendly and sustainable method to produce hydrogen, and simultaneously treat urine.
Bactericidal action of cold atmospheric plasma in solution (2012)

In this study different influences on the bactericidal effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) were investigated intensively. In detail, different initial densities of Escherichia coli cells and different treatment times of up to 8 min were studied. The results show that up to densities of 10 ^5 cells per 20 μ l high reduction rates of up to 5 log can be achieved in less than 3 min of CAP application. In contrast, for higher cell densities almost no reduction was measured for CAP treatment times of up to 8 min. To understand this data in detail, a theoretical model was developed. This model starts from the premise that bacteria are able to some degree to neutralize reactive species and that accordingly the bactericidal effect depends on the bacterial concentration. A further purpose of this study was to analyze the contribution of reactive oxygen and also reactive nitrogen species—produced by the CAP—to the bactericidal effect. We therefore measured nitrites, nitrates and hydrogen peroxide—products of chemical reactions between the species produced by the CAP and the liquid. The evidence of nitric oxide (NO) uptake in bacteria and the corresponding reference experiments with hydrogen peroxide and a chemical NO donor clearly show that the bactericidal effect of CAP is related to a combination of oxidative and nitrosative effects.
Advances on IPM Technology for Hybrid Cars and Impact in Developing Countries (2008)

The past thirty years have been an exciting period for tremendous advances in the development of interior permanent magnet (IPM) electrical machines. Over the course of this time, interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) have expanded their presence in the commercial marketplace from few specialized niche markets such as machine tool servo drives to mass-produced applications including high-efficiency electric traction drives for the latest generation of hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV). Power ratings of available IPM motor drives have dramatically expanded by approximately three orders of magnitude during this period, now reaching power levels up to 1 MW ratings. What are the factors that made such impressive progress possible? Closer examination reveals that several different knowledge-based technological advancements and market forces have combined, sometimes in fortuitous ways, to accelerate the development of the impressive IPMSM drives technology that we find available today. The purpose of this paper is to provide a broad explanation of the various factors that lead to our current state-of-the-art IPM technology. This highly efficient energy conversion technology has enormous impacts on the world electrical energy supply and demand utilizing conventional fossil fuel sources like oil, coal and gas. Examples will illustrate commercial successes of Toyotapsilas hybrid electric vehicles like PRIUS, utilizing the latest developments in knowledge based highly efficient and smart automobiles now and in the very future.
Movers, Grubb Club Share Top Spot in Cage 'Murals' (2010)

From the Rice Thresher Archive, a collection of newspaper articles published in the student newspaper for Rice University. Genre: Sports
All-optical optoacoustic microscope based on wideband pulse interferometry (2016)

Optical and optoacoustic (photoacoustic) microscopy have been recently joined in hybrid implementations that resolve extended tissue contrast compared to each modality alone. Nevertheless, the application of the hybrid technique is limited by the requirement to combine an optical objective with ultrasound detection collecting signal from the same micro-volume. We present an all-optical optoacoustic microscope based on a pi-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (π-FBG) with coherence-restored pulsed interferometry (CRPI) used as the interrogation method. The sensor offers an ultra-small footprint and achieved higher sensitivity over piezoelectric transducers of similar size. We characterize the spectral bandwidth of the ultrasound detector and interrogate the imaging performance on phantoms and tissues. We show the first optoacoustic images of biological specimen recorded with π-FBG sensors. We discuss the potential uses of π-FBG sensors based on CRPI.
Genetic Analyses and Mapping of Pink-Root Resistance in Onion (2018)

Pink root [PR (caused by Phoma terrestris )] is a major soil-borne disease of onion ( Allium cepa ) and reduces both yield and quality of bulbs. PR-resistant cultivars offer the best control option for this disease. The objectives of this study were to complete genetic analyses and mapping of PR resistances from independent sources. Segregating families were developed from different sources of PR resistance and evaluated using a seedling screen. PR severity in two segregating families from the same source of resistance mapped to one position on chromosome 4 with logarithm of odds (LOD) scores of 8.0 and 10.3, and explained 28% and 35% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Estimates of additive and dominance effects revealed this source of PR resistance is codominantly inherited. PR resistance from a second source was assessed by percent survival in the seedling evaluation, showed codominance, and mapped to the same region on chromosome 4 at LOD 12.5 and explained 54% of the phenotypic variation. This research demonstrates that PR resistance from different sources mapped to the same chromosome region and showed similar modes of inheritance.
Capturing information need by learning user context (1999)

Learning techniques can be applied to help information retrieval systems adapt to users&apos; specific needs. They can be used to learn from user searches to improve subsequent searches. This paper describes the approach taken to learn about particular users&apos; contexts in order to improve document ranking produced by a probabilistic information retrieval system. The approach is based on the argument that there is a pattern in user queries in that they tend to remain within a particular context over online sessions. This context, if approximated, can improve system performance. While it is not uncommon to link the evidence from one query to the next within a particular online session, the approach here groups the evidence over different sessions. The paper concentrates on the user-oriented evaluation method used in order to determine whether or not the approach improved information retrieval system performance. 1 Introduction The purpose of information retrieval is to address the informati...
Simultaneous branch and warp interweaving for sustained GPU performance (2012)

Instruction Multiple-Thread (SIMT) micro-architectures implemented in Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) run fine-grained threads in lockstep by grouping them into units, referred to as warps, to amortize the cost of instruction fetch, decode and control logic over multiple execution units. As individual threads take divergent execution paths, their processing takes place sequentially, defeating part of the efficiency advantage of SIMD execution. We present two complementary techniques that mitigate the impact of thread divergence on SIMT micro-architectures. Both techniques relax the SIMD execution model by allowing two distinct instructions to be scheduled to disjoint subsets of the the same row of execution units, instead of one single instruction. They increase flexibility by providing more thread grouping opportunities than SIMD, while preserving the affinity between threads to avoid introducing extra memory divergence. We consider (1) co-issuing instructions from different divergent paths of the same warp and (2) co-issuing instructions from different warps. To support (1), we introduce a novel thread reconvergence technique that ensures threads are run back in lockstep at control-flow reconvergence points without hindering their ability to run branches in parallel. We propose a lane shuffling technique to allow solution (2) to benefit from inter-warp correlations in divergence patterns. The combination of all these techniques improves performance by 23% on a set of regular GPGPU applications and by 40% on irregular applications, while maintaining the same instruction-fetch and processing-unit resource requirements as the contemporary Fermi GPU architecture.
Navigator‐3, a modulator of cell migration, may act as a suppressor of breast cancer progression (2015)

Dissemination of primary tumor cells depends on migratory and invasive attributes. Here, we identify Navigator-3 (NAV3), a gene frequently mutated or deleted in human tumors, as a regulator of epithelial migration and invasion. Following induction by growth factors, NAV3 localizes to the plus ends of microtubules and enhances their polarized growth. Accordingly, NAV3 depletion trimmed microtubule growth, prolonged growth factor signaling, prevented apoptosis and enhanced random cell migration. Mathematical modeling suggested that NAV3-depleted cells acquire an advantage in terms of the way they explore their environment. In animal models, silencing NAV3 increased metastasis, whereas ectopic expression of the wild-type form, unlike expression of two, relatively unstable oncogenic mutants from human tumors, inhibited metastasis. Congruently, analyses of > 2,500 breast and lung cancer patients associated low NAV3 with shorter survival. We propose that NAV3 inhibits breast cancer progression by regulating microtubule dynamics, biasing directionally persistent rather than random migration, and inhibiting locomotion of initiated cells.
Coronary venous retroperfusion: an old concept, a new approach (2008)

The potential of the coronary veins for revascularization has been evaluated by many investigators for more than a century. The major hurdle has been the damage of veins during sudden exposure to arterial pressure. The solution to this problem has typically involved the use of intricate and complicated apparatus and devices, which has prevented routine clinical utility in the catheterization laboratory. This review examines this old concept from a new perspective and proposes a novel hypothesis to address previous shortcomings. We speculate on an approach that may serve to eliminate the edema and hemorrhage that result during venous retroperfusion as the pressure is suddenly increased to arterial values. We propose the rationale to increase the venous pressure to arterial values more gradually to allow prearterializations of the veins before full exposure of arterial pressure. Finally, we discuss various possible indications for this selective autoretroperfusion strategy to combat myocardial ischemia in cardiogenic shock patients, ST-elevation myocardial infarct patients, no-option patients, and beyond.
Investigation of hybrid manufacturing of stainless steel 316L components using direct energy deposition (2020)

Direct energy deposition has been established as one of the methods for additive manufacturing metallic parts. The combination of direct energy deposition capabilities with traditional machining centre capabilities has enabled over the past few years the creation of hybrid manufacturing cells that are able to additively manufacture and finish machine components under one platform. This article investigates the production of geometries using a hybrid, additive and subtractive approach. The parameters for depositing stainless steel 316L are initially investigated followed by an assessment of machinability of the additively manufactured material. Finally, the quality of the deposited and machined material was thoroughly examined with a series of destructive and non-destructive methods.
Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem (Stromal) Cells: Biology and Preclinical Evidence for Therapeutic Potential for Organ Dysfunction Following Trauma or Sepsis (2016)

Several experimental studies have provided evidence that bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSC) may be effective in treating critically ill surgical patients who develop traumatic brain injury, acute renal failure, or the acute respiratory distress syndrome. There is also preclinical evidence that MSC may be effective in treating sepsis-induced organ failure, including evidence that MSC have antimicrobial properties. This review considers preclinical studies with direct relevance to organ failure following trauma, sepsis or major infections that apply to critically ill patients. Progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of benefit, including MSC release of paracrine factors, transfer of mitochondria, and elaboration of exosomes and microvesicles. Regardless of how well they are designed, preclinical studies have limitations in modeling the complexity of clinical syndromes, especially in patients who are critically ill. In order to facilitate translation of the preclinical studies of MSC to critically ill patients, there will need to be more standardization regarding MSC production with a focus on culture methods and cell characterization. Finally, well designed clinical trials will be needed in critically ill patient to assess safety and efficacy. Stem Cells 2017;35:316-324.
A clean data set of EST-confirmed splice sites from Homo sapiens and standards for clean-up procedures (1999)

A clean data set of verified splice sites from Homo sapiens are reported as well as the standards used for the clean-up procedure. The sites were validated by: (i) standard cleaning procedures such as requiring consistency in the annotation of the gene structural elements, completeness of the coding regions and elimination of redundant sequences; (ii) clustering by decision trees coupled with analysis of ClustalW alignments of the translated protein sequence with homologous proteins from SWISS-PROT; (iii) matching against human EST sequences. The sites are categorised as: (i) donor sites, a set of 619 EST-confirmed donor sites, for which 138 are either the sites or the regions around the sites involved in alternative splice events; (ii) acceptor sites, a set of 623 EST-confirmed acceptor sites, for which 144 are either the sites or the regions around the sites are involved in alternative splice events; (iii) genuine splice sites, a set of 392 splice sites wherein both the donor and acceptor sites had EST confirmation and were not involved in any alternative splicing; (iv) alternative splice sites, a set of 209 splice sites wherein both the donor and acceptor sites had EST confirmation and the sites or the regions around them were involved in alternative splicing. A set of nucleotide regions that can be used to generate a control set of false splice sites that have a high confidence of being non-functional are also reported.
Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Rubelase, a Non-Hemorrhagic Elastase from Crotalus ruber ruber (Red Rattlesnake) Venom (2011)

A novel non-hemorrhagic basic metalloprotease, rubelase, was isolated from the venom of Crotalus ruber ruber. Rubelase hydrolyzes succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl p-nitroanilide (STANA), a specific substrate for elastase, and the hydrolytic activity was inhibited by chelating agents. It also hydrolyzes collagen and fibrinogen. However, hemorrhagic activity was not observed. By ESI/Q-TOF and MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry combined with Edman sequencing procedure, the molecular mass of rubelase was determined to be 23,266 Da. Although its primary structure was similar to rubelysin (HT-2), a hemorrhagic metalloprotease isolated from the same snake venom, the circumstances surrounding putative zinc binding domain HEXXHXXGXXH were found to be different when the three-dimensional computer models of both metalloproteases were compared. The cytotoxic effects of rubelase and rubelysin on cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells were also different, indicating that the substitution of several amino acid residues causes the changes of active-site conformation and cell preference.
RNA-Seq analysis in MeV (2011)

RNA-Seq is an exciting methodology that leverages the power of high-throughput sequencing to measure RNA transcript counts at an unprecedented accuracy. However, the data generated from this process are extremely large and biologist-friendly tools with which to analyze it are sorely lacking. MultiExperiment Viewer (MeV) is a Java-based desktop application that allows advanced analysis of gene expression data through an intuitive graphical user interface. Here, we report a significant enhancement to MeV that allows analysis of RNA-Seq data with these familiar, powerful tools. We also report the addition to MeV of several RNA-Seq-specific functions, addressing the differences in analysis requirements between this data type and traditional gene expression data. These tools include automatic conversion functions from raw count data to processed RPKM or FPKM values and differential expression detection and functional annotation enrichment detection based on published methods.
Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice (2008)

AR = aortic regurgitation

AS = aortic stenosis

AVA = aortic valve area

CSA = cross sectional area

CWD = continuous wave Doppler

D = diameter

HOCM = hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

LV = left ventricle

LVOT = left ventricular outflow tract

MR = mitral regurgitation

MS = mitral stenosis

MVA = mitral valve area

ΔP = pressure gradient

RV = right ventricle

RVOT = right ventricular outflow tract

SV = stroke volume

TEE = transesophageal echocardiography

T 1/2 = pressure half-time

TR = tricuspid regurgitation

TS = tricuspid stenosis

V = velocity

VSD = ventricular septal defect

VTI =velocity time integral

Valve stenosis is a common heart disorder and an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Echocardiography has become the key tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of valve disease, and is the primary non-invasive imaging method for valve stenosis assessment. Clinical decision-making is based on echocardiographic assessment of the severity of valve stenosis, so it is essential that standards be adopted to maintain accuracy and consistency across echocardiographic laboratories when assessing and reporting valve stenosis. The aim of this paper was to detail the recommended approach to the echocardiographic evaluation of valve stenosis, including recommendations for specific measures of stenosis severity, details of data acquisition and measurement, and grading of severity. These recommendations are based on the scientific literature and on the consensus of a panel of experts.

This document discusses a number of proposed methods for evaluation of stenosis severity. On the basis of a comprehensive literature review and expert consensus, these methods were categorized for clinical practice as:
A Functional Role for Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in Sensory Pathways Including Nociceptive Processes (2005)

We investigated the role of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in modulating sensory transmission from peripheral afferents into the rat spinal cord. Subunit-specific antibodies reveal high levels of SK3 immunoreactivity in laminas I, II, and III of the spinal cord. Among dorsal root ganglion neurons, both peripherin-positive (C-type) and peripherin-negative (A-type) cells show intense SK3 immunoreactivity. Furthermore, dorsal root-stimulated sensory responses recorded in vitro are inhibited when SK channel activity is increased with 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone (1-EBIO). In vivo electrophysiological recordings show that neuronal responses to naturally evoked nociceptive and nonnociceptive stimuli increase after application of the selective SK channel blocker 8,14-diaza-1,7(1,4)-diquinolinacyclotetradecaphanedium di-trifluoroacetate (UCL 1848), indicating that SK channels are normally active in moderating afferent input. Conversely, neuronal responses evoked by mechanical stimuli are inhibited when SK channel activity is increased with 1-EBIO. These effects are reversed by the subsequent application of UCL 1848. Our data demonstrate that SK channels have an important role in controlling sensory input into the spinal cord.
Thermoadaptation of methanogenic bacteria by intracellular ion concentration (1988)

An inter- and intra-species correlation was found between the intracellular potassium concentration and growth temperature within the Methanobacteriales, comprising mesophiles as well as moderate (Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum) and extreme thermophiles (Methanothermus fervidus, Mt. sociabilis). Potassium concentrations in different species were determined at optimal growth temperatures and for the same species cultured at different temperatures. The main anionic component was found to be the unusual trianionic cyclic 2,3-diphosphiglycerate. In vitro experiments with the thermolabile enzymes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase from Mt. fervidus indicated that the potassium salt of the cyclic diphosphoglycerate acts as potent thermostabilizer. Thus it appears that, for the methanogens, changes in the intracellular ion concentration are the basis of thermoadaptation.