gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Path Integration and Cognitive Mapping in a Continuous Attractor Neural Network Model (1997)

A minimal synaptic architecture is proposed for how the brain might perform path integration by computing the next internal representation of self-location from the current representation and from the perceived velocity of motion. In the model, a place-cell assembly called a "chart" contains a two-dimensional attractor set called an "attractor map" that can be used to represent coordinates in any arbitrary environment, once associative binding has occurred between chart locations and sensory inputs. In hippocampus, there are different spatial relations among place fields in different environments and behavioral contexts. Thus, the same units may participate in many charts, and it is shown that the number of uncorrelated charts that can be encoded in the same recurrent network is potentially quite large. According to this theory, the firing of a given place cell is primarily a cooperative effect of the activity of its neighbors on the currently active chart. Therefore, it is not particularly useful to think of place cells as encoding any particular external object or event. Because of its recurrent connections, hippocampal field CA3 is proposed as a possible location for this "multichart" architecture; however, other implementations in anatomy would not invalidate the main concepts. The model is implemented numerically both as a network of integrate-and-fire units and as a "macroscopic" (with respect to the space of states) description of the system, based on a continuous approximation defined by a system of stochastic differential equations. It provides an explanation for a number of hitherto perplexing observations on hippocampal place fields, including doubling, vanishing, reshaping in distorted environments, acquiring directionality in a two-goal shuttling task, rapid formation in a novel environment, and slow rotation after disorientation. The model makes several new predictions about the expected properties of hippocampal place cells and other cells of the proposed network.
THE EFFECT OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE OVEREXPRESSION ON HEPATIC GLUCONEOGENESIS AND WHOLE-BODY GLUCOSE OXIDATION DURING RESUSCITATED NORMOTENSIVE MURINE SEPTIC SHOCK (2008)

Besides excess cytokine and NO production, enhanced oxygen radical formation was referred to contribute to the impaired hepatic gluconeogenesis during sepsis or endotoxemia. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that genetic overexpression of the Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) may restore the sepsis-related lack of the norepinephrine-induced increase in hepatic gluconeogenesis and whole-body glucose oxidation. Anesthetized, ventilated, and instrumented wild-type control, and heterozygous and homozygous SOD-1-overexpressing mice received hydroxyethyl starch and norepinephrine to maintain normotensive hemodynamics measured at 18, 21, and 24 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham operation. Hepatic gluconeogenesis and whole-body glucose oxidation were calculated from liver tissue isotope and expiratory 13CO2 enrichments during continuous i.v. 1,2,3,4,5,6-13C6-glucose. Superior mesenteric artery and portal vein flows (ultrasound flow probes) and hepatic microcirculatory perfusion (Laser Doppler flowmetry) and O2 saturation (remission spectrophotometry) were comparable in the CLP and sham-operated animals, without any difference related to the mouse strain. Despite continuous i.v. norepinephrine necessary in the CLP mice, both glycemia and hepatic gluconeogenesis were similar, irrespective of the presence of sepsis and the genetic strain. Glucose oxidation rate progressively increased in the CLP groups, again without difference between the genetic strains. The surgery- and CLP-induced increase in liver cell oxidative DNA damage (tail moment in the comet assay) was less pronounced in the homozygous mice. Heterozygous nor homozygous SOD-1 overexpression did not improve the sepsis-related impairment of carbohydrate metabolism, possibly because of the lacking increase of the tissue catalase and the mitochondrial SOD activity, and the ongoing i.v. norepinephrine.
Ultra-low-loss Ta_2O_5-core/SiO_2-clad planar waveguides on Si substrates (2017)

An increasing number of systems and applications depend on photonics for transmission and signal processing. This includes data centers, communications systems, environmental sensing, radar, lidar, and microwave signal generation. Such systems increasingly rely on monolithic integration of traditionally bulk optical components onto the chip scale to significantly reduce power and cost while simultaneously maintaining the requisite performance specifications at high production volumes. A critical aspect to meeting these challenges is the loss of the waveguide on the integrated optic platform, along with the capability of designing a wide range of passive and active optical elements while providing compatibility with low-cost, highly manufacturable processes, such as those found in CMOS. In this article, we report the demonstration of a record low propagation loss of 3±1  dB/m across the entire telecommunications C-band for a CMOS-compatible Ta2O5-core/SiO2-clad planar waveguide. The waveguide design, fabrication process, and optical frequency domain reflectometry characterization of the waveguide propagation loss and group index are described in detail. The losses and dispersion properties of this platform enable the integration of a wide variety of linear and nonlinear optical components on-chip, as well as integration with active rare-earth components for lasers and amplifiers and additionally silicon photonic integrated devices. This opens up new integration possibilities within the data communications, microwave photonics, high bandwidth electrical RF systems, sensing, and optical signal processing applications and research communities.
Channel estimation for OFDM transmission in multipath fading channels based on parametric channel modeling (2001)

We present an improved channel estimation algorithm for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing mobile communication systems using pilot subcarriers. This algorithm is based on a parametric channel model where the channel frequency response is estimated using an L-path channel model. In the algorithm, we employ the ESPRIT (estimation of signal parameters by rotational invariance techniques) method to do the initial multipath time delays acquisition and propose an interpath interference cancellation delay locked loop to track the channel multipath time delays. With the multipath time delays information, a minimum mean square error estimator is derived to estimate the channel frequency response. It is demonstrated that the use of the parametric channel model can effectively reduce the signal subspace dimension of the channel correlation matrix for the sparse multipath fading channels and, consequently, improve the channel estimation performance.
SpectroscopicOCT by Grating‐Based Temporal Correlation Coupled to OpticalSpectral Analysis (2008)

Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (spectroscopic OCT) is an echographic-like optical method for biomedical functional imaging. Current spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) methods rely on a posteriori numerical calculation. We present an alternative for optically accessing the spectroscopic information in OCT, that is, without postprocessing, by using a grating-based correlation and a wavelength demultiplexing system. Spectrally resolved A-scan is directly recorded on the image sensor. Due to the grating-based system, no correlation scan is necessary. The signal is registered in the wavelength-depth plane on a 2D camera that provides a large number of resolved points. In the frame of this paper, we present the principle of the system as well as demonstration results. Advantages and drawback of this system compared to others are discussed.
Evaluation of preservative fluid for urine collected for culture (1979)

Immediate culture or refrigeration of urine is recommended, but not always practical. Therefore, we evaluated the Becton-Dickinson Urine Culture Kit containing a boric acid-glycerol-sodium formate preservative in a study of 1,000 clinical urine specimens. Each specimen was cultured a total of four times by the surface streak technique with a 0.001-ml calibrated loop. After an initial reference culture (culture 1), a portion of urine was poured into a clean nonsterile paper cup, aspirated into a urine transport tube, and recultured immediately (culture 2). The original specimen cup was refrigerated for 18 to 24 h (culture 3), and the urine transport tube was held at room temperature for 18 to 24 h (culture 4) before repeat cultures. Eighty-eight of the initial reference cultures were positive (pure growth of greater than 10(5) bacteria per ml). Eighty-two (93.2%) of the 88 specimens positive on the reference culture were also positive after refrigeration or holding at room temperature in the transport tube for 24 h. There was one false-positive culture from refrigerated urine but none from the transport tube. Mixing of urine in a nonsterile container did not introduce detectable contamination. We conclude that the Becton-Dickinson Urine Culture Kit maintains a stable bacterial population in urine for up to 24 h as reliably as refrigeration. Urine for culture may be collected in a nonsterile container if it is immediately aspirated into the transport tube so that contaminants are not allowed to multiply.
Minimum Error Bounded Efficient ℓ1 Tracker with Occlusion Detection (2011)

Recently, sparse representation has been applied to visual tracking to find the target with the minimum reconstruction error from the target template subspace. Though effective, these L1 trackers require high computational costs due to numerous calculations for ℓ1 minimization. In addition, the inherent occlusion insensitivity of the ℓ1 minimization has not been fully utilized. In this paper, we propose an efficient L1 tracker with minimum error bound and occlusion detection which we call Bounded Particle Resampling (BPR)-L1 tracker. First, the minimum error bound is quickly calculated from a linear least squares equation, and serves as a guide for particle resampling in a particle filter framework. Without loss of precision during resampling, most insignificant samples are removed before solving the computationally expensive ℓ1 minimization function. The BPR technique enables us to speed up the L1 tracker without sacrificing accuracy. Second, we perform occlusion detection by investigating the trivial coefficients in the ℓ1 minimization. These coefficients, by design, contain rich information about image corruptions including occlusion. Detected occlusions enhance the template updates to effectively reduce the drifting problem. The proposed method shows good performance as compared with several state-of-the-art trackers on challenging benchmark sequences. 1.
Opportunities for varying the composition of cows' milk* (1987)

At present, only two approaches for modifying the composition of bovine milk can be applied in practice: (a) changing to a breed other than the predominant Friesian and (b) dietary manipulation. Although other breeds may produce milk of high fat and protein content, the high yield of the Friesian, allied to the fact that it is an acceptable meat animal, probably ensures its continued dominance. In terms of diet, the content, yield and type of milk fat are easily susceptible to manipulation. However, the specialized diets required for this type of manipulation would probably incur extra costs, and it is not clear if the improved properties of the butter, eg, a butter having better low‐temperature spreadability, could attract a better return in the market. Protein content and yield are fairly insensitive to diet, and the consensus is that protein composition is invariant. Currently, the most sensible strategy for the dairy farmer appears to be to produce milk as cheaply as possible, and to leave it to the technologists to convert the components into a range of attractive, nutritious foodstuffs.
Error control techniques applicable to HF channels (1989)

Owing to the time-varying nature of the HF channel, error correcting codes of a fixed rate provide unnecessary correction power for much of the time, with consequently low data rates. The purpose of an adaptive coding scheme is to permit only the necessary degree of error correction to be applied to the transmitted information according to the channel conditions. Such a coding scheme, based on product codes, is introduced, and the improvement, compared to similar fixed rate codes, is demonstrated. A method of improving the code rate further is described, and the results of this and an interleaving procedure are also given.
Experimental Verification of a Self-Triggered Solid-State Circuit Breaker Based on a SiC BIFET (2017)

In this work, the feasibility of the Bipolar-Injection Field Effect-Transistor (BIFET) [5] in two different Dual Thyristor type circuits [4] for an application as solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) is experimentally verified. The Dual Thyristor type circuits are assembled from discrete silicon JFETs and a silicon carbide BIFET and are electrically characterized at various temperatures. The current-voltage characteristic shows the expected regenerative self-triggered turn-off capability under over-currents and the option to control the turn-off current by a passive resistor network. The issue with the adverse positive temperature coefficient of the trigger-current can be solved by putting the SiC BIFET in a cascode arrangement with a silicon Dual Thyristor. In this configuration the SiC BIFET provides the high voltage blocking capability and the silicon Dual Thyristor with its negative temperature coefficient controls the trigger-current. Transient analyses of both circuits indicate fast switching times of less than 50 μs seconds. It is demonstrated for the first time, that the SiC BIFET, due to its normally-on behaviour, used in a Dual Thyristor type circuit is a promising concept for self-triggered fuses in high current and high voltage applications.
Virology of HIV-1 and HIV-2: implications for Africa. (1997)

Much has been learned over the past 2 decades about the virology of HIV-1 and HIV-2, with an accumulation of research findings leading to a better appreciation of the vast genetic diversity of the viruses, epidemiologic patterns, and host pathogenesis. To better understand the virologic properties of the viruses, efforts must now be made to link the observations from in-vitro and genetic analysis studies to studies in infected populations. New and innovative technologies will be needed to more readily diagnose subtypes and recombinants, and quantify viral burden. The current understanding of HIV-1 subtype epidemiology is evolving and future studies will likely provide better data upon subtype distribution and their epidemiology. The family of SIV/HIV-1/HIV-2 viruses and virologies of HIV-1 and HIV-2 are discussed.
A Bayesian classification approach with application to speech recognition (1991)

A Bayesian approach to classification of parametric information sources whose statistics are not explicitly given is studied and applied to recognition of speech signals based upon Markov modeling. A classifier based on generalized likelihood ratios, which depends only on the available training and testing data, is developed and shown to be optimal in the sense of achieving the highest asymptotic exponential rate of decay of the error probability. The proposed approach is compared to the standard classification approach used in speech recognition, in which the parameters for the sources are first estimated from the given training data, and then the maximum a posteriori decision rule is applied using the estimated statistics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Asphalt Pavement Construction: New Materials and Techniques (1980)

Description A book on the advances for all involved in design, testing, and construction of asphalt concrete pavements. Coverage includes asphalt-rubber binders, sulfur-extended asphalt binders, foamed asphalt binders, incinerator refuse aggregates.
어학 , 교육편 : 『 첩해신어 (捷解新語) 』 에 나타나는 2 인칭대명사에 대하여 - 「 이쪽 (こなた) 」 와 「 그쪽 (そなた) 」 를 중심으로 - (2001)

本硏究においては『捷解新語』原刊本における「こなた」と「そなた」について, 對話場面を4種類に分類し, それぞれの意味·用法を檢討してみた結果, 次のような傾向が考えられる. 1)初めての公的對話場面においては, 上下地位關係に賴らず「こなた」を用いる. これは國と國との交涉であるので, 互いに敬意を表わすためであると考えられる. 2)相互對等な實務擔當者同士の人稱代名詞の變化においては, 時間の經過に從い, 親密になっていくにつれ「こなた」から「そなた」へと轉換されると考えられる. 3)依賴する場面においては, 相互實務擔當者同士の場合, 主に「こなた」が用いられており, 位の高い人が位の低い人への個人的な依賴の場合「そなた」を用いると考えられる. 4)感謝の意を傳える場面においては, 聞き手の位により區別して用いられている. つまり, 聞き手の位が對馬島主の場合「こなた」を用いており, 聞き手の位が對馬島主より低い筑前殿の使者には「そなた」を用いるところから聞き手を中心とし, 聞き手の上下地位關係により「こなた」と「そなた」を區別して用いたと考えられる. 今後の課題としては, 『捷解新語』原刊本の2人稱代名詞における「こなた」の使用頻度から推測する限り, 日本側より朝鮮側が優越な立場であることがうかがえるので, 1人稱代名詞との關係を通して檢討していきたい.
Organization and expression of two tandemly oriented genes encoding ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase in barley. (1991)

We have isolated and structurally characterized genomic DNA and cDNA sequences encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rbu-P2 carboxylase) activase from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Three Rbu-P2 carboxylase activase (Rca) polypeptides are encoded in the barley genome by two closely linked, tandemly oriented nuclear genes (RcaA and RcaB); cDNAs encoding each of the three Rbu-P2 carboxylase activase polypeptides were isolated from cDNA libraries of barley leaf mRNA. RcaA produces two mRNAs, which encode polypeptides of 42 and 46 kDa, by an alternative splicing mechanism identical to that previously reported for spinach and Arabidopsis Rca genes (Werneke, J.M., Chatfield, J.M., and Ogren, W. L. (1989) Plant Cell 1, 815-825). RcaB is transcribed to produce a single mRNA, which encodes a mature peptide of 42 kDa. Genomic Southern blots indicate that RcaA and RcaB represent the entire Rbu-P2 carboxylase activase gene family in barley. The genes share 80% nucleotide sequence identity, and the 42-kDa polypeptides encoded by RcaA and RcaB share 87% amino acid sequence identity. Coding regions of the two barley Rca genes are separated by 1 kilobase pair of flanking DNA. DNA sequence motifs similar to those thought to control light-regulated gene expression in other nuclear-encoded plastid polypeptide genes are found at the 5' end of both barley Rca genes. Probes specific to three mRNAs were used to determine the relative contribution each species makes to the total Rca mRNA pool.
[Reversal by thiamine and pyridoxal of the inhibition of growth of Escherichia coli produced by 3-hydroxythalidomide]. (1966)

Thalidomide and several of its derivatives, including 3-hydroxythalidomide, were tested as inhibitors of the growth of Escherichia coli. Only 3-hydroxythalidomide proved to be effective in this respect. Thiamine and pyridoxal when added in combination, but not singly, provided complete protection against the growth inhibitory effect of 3-hydroxythalidomide. Our results suggest the possibility that the latter may act by inhibiting the synthesis of both thiamine and pyridoxal.
Low-temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistor Flash Memory with Ferritin (2007)

Low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin film transistor (LTPS-TFT) flash memory is a potential candidate key component of system-on-panel (SOP). We have proposed the "bio-nano-process" for the fabrication of nanodots using biotechnology. In this study, we have successfully fabricated and developed LTPS-TFT flash memory with biomineralized inorganic nanodots for the first time. High-density homogeneous nanodots were made to adsorb on a silicon film using ferritin protein without the use of vacuum systems at high temperature. Electron charging and discharging in the dots were clearly confirmed from the transient behavior of the transfer curve at room temperature. This fabrication technique is promising for the development of flash memory for SOP.
Platform Independent Debug Port Controller Architecture with Security Protection for Multi-Processor System-on-Chip ICs (2006)

A Debug Port Controller (DPC) architecture, designed for re-use in multiple System-on-Chip (SoC) Integrated Circuits (ICs) is presented. The DPC incorporates security protection against unauthorized access along with advanced debugging features such as long chain debugging, universal BIST engines control, and generic serial interfaces. An implemented security architecture of DPC is presented together with an overall IC security scheme. DPC is the most important part of this IC security scheme. The suggested architecture demonstrates extensive use of the debug process, and re-use of the DPC in multiple SoC ICs without the need of adopting its design for a specific SoC. The implementation of the DPC for IEEE1149.1 standard is presented and the hardware realization of the proposed architecture is described in detail. The DPC that incorporates the proposed architecture has been designed in a 90 nm CMOS process as an integral part of several SoC ICs.
The Copper—Chromium Oxide Catalyst for Hydrogenation<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Copper—Chromium Oxide Catalyst for Hydrogenation1Homer Adkins, Edward E. Burgoyne, and Henry J. SchneiderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 6, 2626–2629Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01162a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01162a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views780Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fine-Grained Auditory Discrimination in Normal Children and Children with Language-Learning Problems (1989)

Two large groups of children--one progressing normally in school and the other exhibiting language-learning problems--were tested on a set of fine-grained auditory discrimination tasks that required responding to small acoustic differences. Discriminant analysis procedures, using only results for the auditory tasks, correctly classified nearly 80% of the 6- and 7-year-olds and nearly 65% of the 8- to 11-year-olds according to their school placements. Percentages of correct classifications increased to 87% and 75% when measures of receptive vocabulary (PPVT-R), receptive language (the Token Test for Children), and the Digit Span, Coding, and Block Design subtests of the WISC-R were also included in the discriminant functions. Results suggested that fine-grained auditory discrimination makes a major contribution to language learning, particularly in the early elementary school years.
A Preferred Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles (2004)

Abstract An efficient and high‐yielding one‐pot synthesis of 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles from carboxylic acids and amidoximes is described. Activation of the carboxylic acid using hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and EDC/HCl followed by reaction with an amidoxime generates an oxime ester. Without isolation, the oxime ester is dehydrated to give the oxadiazole ring.