gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a <i>Candida albicans</i> Disaccharide Conjugate Vaccine by Reverse Engineering a Protective Monoclonal Antibody (2012)

A disaccharide-chicken serum albumin conjugate vaccine against Candida albicans infections has been developed by reverse engineering a protective monoclonal antibody, C3.1. The binding site of C3.1 binds short oligosaccharides of β1,2-linked mannopyranose residues present in the fungal cell wall phosphomannan. By delineating the fine detail of the molecular recognition of the cell wall β-mannan antigen, a disaccharide epitope was deduced to be the minimum size epitope that should induce the formation of protective antibody. Sequential functional group replacement of disaccharide hydroxyl groups to yield a series of monodeoxy and mono-O-methyl β1,2-linked mannobioside congeners established that three hydroxyl groups are essential for binding. Two of these, O-3 and O-4, are located on the internal mannose residue of the disaccharide, and a third, O-3', is located on the terminal mannose. Synthesis of a series of trisaccharides that mandate binding of either the reducing or nonreducing disaccharide epitopes provided the final indication that a disaccharide protein conjugate should have the potential to induce protective antibody. When disaccharide was conjugated to chicken serum albumin this vaccine produced antibodies in rabbits that recognized the native cell wall phosphomannan. In proof of concept protection experiments, three immunized rabbits showed a reduction in fungal burden when challenged with live C. albicans.
Removal of iron, copper, cadmium, cobalt, and nickel from sodium hydroxide by precipitation and extraction with phenyl-2-pyridyl ketoxime (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRemoval of iron, copper, cadmium, cobalt, and nickel from sodium hydroxide by precipitation and extraction with phenyl-2-pyridyl ketoximeDaniel. Reiner and Donald P. PoeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 6, 889–891Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50014a058RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (404 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Parsing Algorithm of Natural Language Based on Operator Precedence (2006)

To deal with the problems in the current parsing method of natural language, a language model based on purely typed binary relations is proposed in this paper, which is quite different from classical context-free grammar, Chomsky normal form and dependency grammar. The completeness of language structure coverage is easily captured using the proposed language model, so long as the binary relations can be recognized thoroughly. The parsing process is considered as the manipulation of binary operations of words, which is similar to the computation of arithmetic expressions in terms of the proposed language model, where operands are words and operators are the typed relations. And thereafter, a parsing algorithm based on operator precedence is proposed in the paper, with the algorithm formalized and the complexity analyzed. The proposed ideas have been proved valid and realistic through the application to parsing Chinese sentences. Further researches are needed to put it into the effective and practical usages in large scale to make it developed as a powerful theoretical way for parsing natural language.
Phase I/II Study of Cetuximab in Combination With Cisplatin or Carboplatin and Fluorouracil in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (2006)

Purpose This was an open, randomized, multicenter, phase I/II study to investigate the safety and tolerability of cetuximab in the first-line treatment of recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Patients and Methods Treatment comprised cetuximab (initial dose 400 mg/m 2 with subsequent weekly doses of 250 mg/m 2 ) in combination with 3-week cycles of either cisplatin (100 mg/m 2 ) or carboplatin (area under the curve, 5), each in combination with a 5-day infusion of fluorouracil (FU) at escalating doses of 600, 800, and 1,000 mg/m 2 /d. The study was divided into two phases: A, the first two cycles (6 weeks) focusing on the safety and tolerability of combination therapy; and B, the remaining time for those benefiting from therapy until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Results Fifty-three patients were enrolled onto the study. The incidence of dose-limiting toxicities in phase A was acceptable. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events in both groups were leucopenia (38%), asthenia (25%), vomiting (14%), and thrombocytopenia (15%), which are consistent with the known safety profiles of cetuximab, cisplatin/carboplatin, and FU. The overall response rate among patients was 36%, with no clear trend toward an increased efficacy at the highest dose of FU, and no impact of the concomitant chemotherapy regimens on cetuximab pharmacokinetics. Conclusion The combination of cetuximab, cisplatin/carboplatin, and FU was reasonably well tolerated and active in recurrent/metastatic SCCHN, and merits additional investigation. An FU dose of 1,000 mg/m 2 /d in combination with cisplatin or carboplatin can be recommended for additional studies.
Local application of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of high grade malignant gliomas (1997)

In selected patients, locoregional radioimmunotherapy can be included in a multimodal strategy to control high grade malignant gliomas and produce favorable results.
Selective removal of dielectric layers using picosecond UV pulses (2009)

To reduce the cost of energy obtained from photovoltaic cells, advanced cell design and processes are required for solar cell manufacturing. Many of these designs and processes are enabled by laser processing. As the availability of higher power and high beam quality pulsed solid state lasers increases, lasers are expected to find increased application in solar cell manufacturing. Solar cell processing will benefit further as production worthy lasers with picosecond pulse width become available. Picosecond lasers are well suited for selective removal of dielectrics for front and back metallization applications due to reduced thermal effect on the underlying substrate. We present results on silicon nitride and silicon oxide ablation that may find applications in advanced cell architecture.
Relationship between conformational stability and lyophilization‐induced structural changes in chymotrypsin (2000)

The relationship between protein conformational stability in aqueous solution and the magnitude of lyophilization-induced structural changes was investigated employing alpha- and gamma-chymotrypsin. As a measure of the conformational stability the melting temperature T(m) was determined in distilled water at various pH values. The proteins were then lyophilized from those pH values where the conformational stability was maximum (pH 4.5) and minimum (pH 7.8). Protein secondary structure was quantitatively determined utilizing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy employing two regions sensitive to protein structure, the amide-I (1600-1700 cm(-1)) and amide-III (1215-1335 cm(-1)). Lyophilization induced significant structural alterations in both proteins, characterized by a slight decrease in the alpha-helix and a significant increase in the beta-sheet content. However, regardless of the pH from which the proteins were lyophilized, the secondary structures in the solid state were indistinguishable. This result shows that there is no relationship between the conformational stability in aqueous solution and the magnitude of lyophilization-induced structural changes. We also investigated whether lyoprotectants could minimize lyophilization-induced structural changes by increasing protein conformational stability in aqueous solution. After having identified trehalose as being efficient in largely preventing lyophilization-induced structural alterations, we conducted co-lyophilization experiments from various pH values. The results obtained exclude any contribution from increased protein conformational stability caused by the additive in aqueous solution to the beneficial structural preservation upon lyophilization. This can be understood because the dehydration and not the freezing process, as shown in an air-drying experiment, mainly causes protein structural alterations.
Estrogens stabilize mitochondrial function and protect neural cells against the pro-apoptotic action of mutant presenilin-1 (1997)

Mutations in presenilin-1 (PS-1) account for approximately half the cases of autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent data indicate that PS-1 mutations may render neurons vulnerable to apoptosis induced by various insults. We now report that 17beta-estradiol, which appears to reduce the risk of sporadic AD, protects cultured PC12 cells expressing mutant PS-1 against apoptosis induced by trophic factor withdrawal (TFW) and exposure to amyloid beta-peptide 25-35 (Abeta). Estriol also provided significant protection against apoptosis induced by TFW and Abeta, whereas corticosterone was ineffective. 17beta-Estradiol prevented decreases in mitochondrial transmembrane potential and energy charge/redox state following exposure of cells to TFW and Abeta in control cell lines and lines expressing mutant PS-1, suggesting an action in the apoptotic pathway upstream of mitochondrial alterations. Abeta caused an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species which was enhanced by mutant PS-1, and suppressed by 17beta-estradiol. The ability of 17beta-estradiol to preserve mitochondrial function, suppress oxidative stress, and counteract the pro-apoptotic actions of mutant PS-1 suggests a generalized neuroprotective action of estrogens in both sporadic and inherited forms of AD.
<b>Isolation of Antibody by Means of an Immunological Specific Adsorbent</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of Antibody by Means of an Immunological Specific AdsorbentArthur. Malley and Dan H. CampbellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 4, 487–488Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00887a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00887a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rate of change of alveolar carbon dioxide and the control of ventilation during exercise. (1984)

The relationship between rate of change of alveolar PCO2 (delta PA, CO2/delta te), CO2 output (VCO2) and ventilation (VE) has been determined following a rapid increase in exercise intensity, to test the hypothesis that VE is related to VCO2 by a feed-forward control system responding to delta PA, CO2/delta te. There was a close relationship between delta PA, CO2/delta te and VCO2 (delta PA, CO2/delta te = 3.2 VCO2 + 0.85), but delta PA, CO2/delta te increased more rapidly than VCO2. Increases in mean inspiratory flow, an index of inspiratory drive, were more closely related to changes in delta PA, CO2/delta te than to changes in VCO2. Increases in VE during transient and steady-state conditions may be described by the equation: VE = 6.76 delta PA, CO2/delta te -3.50, a relationship which is consistent with a feed-forward control system.
SolarDB (2019)

Efficient transaction processing over large databases is a key requirement for many mission-critical applications. Although modern databases have achieved good performance through horizontal partitioning, their performance deteriorates when cross-partition distributed transactions have to be executed. This article presents SolarDB, a distributed relational database system that has been successfully tested at a large commercial bank. The key features of SolarDB include (1) a shared-everything architecture based on a two-layer log-structured merge-tree; (2) a new concurrency control algorithm that works with the log-structured storage, which ensures efficient and non-blocking transaction processing even when the storage layer is compacting data among nodes in the background; and (3) find-grained data access to effectively minimize and balance network communication within the cluster. According to our empirical evaluations on TPC-C, Smallbank, and a real-world workload, SolarDB outperforms the existing shared-nothing systems by up to 50x when there are close to or more than 5% distributed transactions.
Carboetomidate (2013)

Carboetomidate's reduced ability to suppress in vitro and in vivo steroid synthesis as compared with etomidate reflects its lower binding affinity to 11β-hydroxylase and may be attributed to carboetomidate's inability to form a coordination bond with the heme iron located at the enzyme's active site.
Femoral shaft bowing in the coronal plane has more significant effect on the coronal alignment of TKA than proximal or distal variations of femoral shape (2014)

IV.
Plutonium: Biomedical Research (1974)

Research programs on Pu toxicoaogy, tissue distribution in mammals, routes to man, retention, removal, dosimetry, and biological effects are reviewed. It is pointed out that more is known about the toxicology of Pu than about most other hazardous elements. (45 references) (CH)
Measles in England and Wales—I: An Analysis of Factors Underlying Seasonal Patterns (1982)

Examination of the weekly measles notifications for England and Wales, 1950-1979, reveals a regular biennial pattern of major and minor epidemics before the national immunization programme began in 1968, followed by an annual cycle of minor epidemics. Each year the reported incidence reaches its annual low between weeks 36 and 39, very close to the opening of primary schools. Analysis of these data with a simple mass action model reveals that the underlying transmission parameter has had a similar annual pattern in years of major and minor epidemics. The transmission parameter rises three times each year, coinciding with opening of school terms, and falls with school term and mid-term holidays. This pattern of the transmission parameter has been maintained in the decade since national vaccination began, indicating that the importance of schools in the annual dynamics of measles has not changed. The analysis further suggests that the national measles vaccination programme has not lowered the total number of individuals susceptible to measles in England and Wales.
Authentic tasks in e-learning designs (2005)

Constructivist approaches to learning design, while gaining increased acceptance in the higher education community, are the exception rather than the rule in the majority of web-based courses currently offered by universities throughout the world. The adoption of university quality standards and the widespread use of course management programs have inadvertently constrained more authentic and innovative approaches to online learning. Contemporary trends in e-learning designs are highlighting the value of authentic approaches to learning. This paper argues that authentic tasks that guide complex and sustained learning endeavours can be adopted in web-based courses, and provides guidelines for implementation, together with examples of successful university courses. Studies in LEID is an international journal of scholarship and research that supports emerging scholars and the development of evidence-based practice in education. ISSN 1832-2050
Facile and selective chlorination-cleavage of some cyclanones and cyclanols with the carbon tetrachloride-potassium hydroxide-tert-butyl alcohol reagent. In situ conversion of estrones and estradiols into dichlorodoisynolic acids (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile and selective chlorination-cleavage of some cyclanones and cyclanols with the carbon tetrachloride-potassium hydroxide-tert-butyl alcohol reagent. In situ conversion of estrones and estradiols into dichlorodoisynolic acidsCal Y. Meyers and Vera M. KolbCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 10, 1985–1990Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00404a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00404a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pdlim2, a Novel PDZ–LIM Domain Protein, Interacts with α-Actinins and Filamin A (2004)

These results suggest that Pdlim2, like other ALP subfamily members, may act as an adapter that directs other proteins to the cytoskeleton.
Prenylation of Mammalian Ras Protein in <i>Xenopus</i> Oocytes (1990)

Ras protein requires an intermediate of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway for posttranslational modification and membrane anchorage. This step is necessary for biological activity. Maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes induced by an oncogenic human Ras protein can be inhibited by lovastatin or compactin, inhibitors of the synthesis of mevalonate, an intermediate of cholesterol biosynthesis. This inhibition can be overcome by mevalonic acid or farnesyl diphosphate, a cholesterol biosynthetic intermediate downstream of mevalonate, but not by squalene, an intermediate after farnesyl pyrophosphate in the pathway. This study supports the idea that in Xenopus oocytes, the Ras protein is modified by a farnesyl moiety or its derivative. Furthermore, an octapeptide with the sequence similar to the C-terminus of the c-H-ras protein inhibits the biological activity of Ras proteins in vivo, suggesting that it competes for the enzyme or enzymes responsible for transferring the isoprenoid moiety (prenylation) in the oocytes. This inhibition of Ras prenylation by the peptide was also observed in vitro, using both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xenopus oocyte extracts. These observations show that Xenopus oocytes provide a convenient in vivo system for studies of inhibitors of the posttranslational modification of the Ras protein, especially for inhibitors such as peptides that do not penetrate cell membranes.
A priority-based flow control mechanism to support real-time traffic in pipelined direct networks (2002)

Real-time extensions to wormhole routing (WR), with multiple virtual channels, and priority based physical link arbitration and virtual channel (VC) allocation, have been proposed in the literature. With a fixed number of VCs/link, a message can face an unbounded priority inversion, rendering the global priority order ineffective. We propose a new flow control mechanism called preemptive pipelined circuit switching for real-time messages (PPCS-RT) to reduce the priority inversion problem. PPCS-RT outperforms WR with the performance difference being largest with 1 VC/link. The difference in overall miss ratio is over 30% with 1 VC.
An optimized DFT and test pattern generation strategy for an Intel high performance microprocessor (2005)

This work describes an optimized DFT architecture and its implementation strategy for an Intel high performance (>3 GHz) microprocessor. Major DFT features and ATPG techniques implemented are described and key results are presented to show the return-on-investments (ROI) in the high volume manufacturing (HVM) test environments.
Increased expression of surface activation markers on neutrophils following migration into the nasal lumen (2003)

Neutrophils might become activated during their transfer from the blood to the surface of the nasal mucosa, but these changes may also be due to depletion of activated neutrophils in the blood via activated endothelial/epithelial adhesion and chemoattractant measures. The increased expression of surface activation markers during allergic rhinitis suggests roles for neutrophils in the inflammatory process.
An alternative route to Nα-methylamino acid derivatives: Synthesis and conformation of some Nα-acetyl-Nα-methylamino acid methylamides (1988)

The methylation of tert-butyl- or isopropyl- esters of N α -4-toluenesulfonyl-amino acids by dimethylsulfate in aqueous alkaline solution in the presence of a detergent gives the corresponding N α -methylderivatives. Using this synthetic route the N α -acetylderivatives of MeAla, MeLeu, MeOrn and MePhe methylamides have been prepared and the solution conformation of these dipeptide units has been investigated. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra show that, while in dimethylsulfoxide the tertiary amide group is mostly in cis -conformation, in protic solvents the equilibrium is shifted towards trans -conformation. Circular dichroism spectra reveal some specific features (e.g. high band intensities in protic solvents) which cannot be explained solely on the basis of the increased rigidity caused by the N α -methyl group. We tried to explain these effects supposing that the tertiary amide group is deviated from the planar arrangement (due to the interaction between the methyl groups, a substituent on C α and a solvent molecule attached to the oxygen atom) and contributes to the observed circular dichroism as the inherently chiral chromophore.