gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1999 (2000)

During 1999, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 7,067 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a decrease of 11.2% from 7,961 cases in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being reported in 1998. More than 91% (6,466 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 8.5% (601 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 92.4% in wild animals and 7.6% in domestic species in 1998). No cases of rabies were reported in human beings in 1999. Decreases were evident in all major species groups, with the exception of cattle, sheep/goats, and swine. The relative contributions of the major groups to the total reported were as follows: raccoons (41.0%; 2,872 cases), skunks (29.4%; 2,076), bats (14.0%; 989), foxes (5.4%; 384), cats (3.9%; 278), cattle (1.9%; 135), and dogs (1.6%; 111). Reported cases (6) associated with the epizootic of rabies in raccoons in Ohio declined from the 26 cases reported in 1998. Fifteen of the 19 states where the raccoon variant of the rabies virus is enzootic reported fewer cases of rabies during 1999. Massachusetts and Rhode Island, states with enzootic rabies in raccoons, each reported more rabid skunks than rabid raccoons for the third consecutive year. In Texas, cases associated with the enzootic canine variants of the rabies virus remained low (10 cases), whereas cases associated with the gray fox variant of the virus increased (66). Cases of rabies in skunks decreased by 8.6%, compared with those reported in 1998. Michigan reported the largest percentage increase in rabid skunks (950.0%; 2 cases in 1998 to 21 in 1999). Cases of rabies in horses and mules declined 21%, from 82 cases in 1998 to 65 in 1999. Cases of rabies reported in bats (989) were similar in number to those reported in 1998 (992) and represented almost 14.0% of the total number of rabid animals reported during 1999. Reported cases of rabies in cats (278) and dogs (111) decreased by 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively, whereas cases in cattle (135) increased by 16.4%, compared with those reported in 1998.
Processability, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivities of carbon black-filled ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (2000)

The objective of this study was to investigate the processability, mechanical properties, and electrical properties of carbon black-filled ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers with different melt flow indexes (MFIs) and vinyl acetate (VA) contents. The effects of carbon black on maximum temperature, equilibrium torque, equilibrium viscosity, and work energy were characterized in a Haake torque rheometer. These properties were found to increase with an increase in carbon black concentration. MFI was found to be the important factor in determining processing properties of the three different EVA resins. Mechanical properties, including tensile modulus, tensile strength at break, and elongation at break were evaluated and the results showed that tensile modulus was dominated by VA content. MFI was the primary factor influencing tensile strength and elongation at break. Volume and surface resistivity of blends were also studied. EVA with higher MFI and higher crystallinity provided a lower percolation concentration. Bound polymer could be used to explain the differences in viscosity and percolation between EVAs at different molecular weights. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 19: 132–139, 2000
Clinical study on peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in normal donors (2002)

Objective: To explore the efficiency of hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) on peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization in normal donors. Methods: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF, 5 μg·kg -1·d -1) was used subcutaneously in 34 donors and G-CSF (3 μg·kg -1·d -1) + granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF,2 μg·kg -1·d -1) in 18 donors for 5-6 d. PBSC was harvested with CS-3000 Plus or COBE Spectra blood cell separator. The numbers of MNC, CD34 + cells and CFU-GM were determined during the mobilization. Fifty-two patients with hematologic disease received allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (Allo-PBSCT). Results: After mobilization, CD34 + cells and CFU-GM yields increased by 10.83 and 8.7 folds, respectively, and peaked on day 5 of HGFs initiation. Both G-CSF alone and G-CSF + GM-CSF effectively mobilized PBSC, while G-CSF+GM-CSF mobilized CD34 +cells and CFU-GM more efficiently than G-CSF alone(P0.05). Hematopoiesis was well reconstituted in all the patients. No severe toxicity was observed in the normal donors. Conclusion: Our data suggests that both G-CSF alone and G-CSF+GM-CSF at a low dose of 5 μg·kg -1·d -1 can safely and effectively mobilize PBSC, while G-CSF+GM-CSF is superior to G-CSF alone.
Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier with Leakage-Based Filter Optimization (2014)

Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) is a novel modulation technique which can be seen as a generalization of filtered OFDM and filter bank based multi-carrier (FBMCFMT). Being a candidate waveform technology for 5G wireless systems it combines the simplicity of OFDM with the advantages of FBMC. While previous work on UFMC was based on Dolph-Chebyshev-filters, in this paper we now optimize the FIR filter design, using two different optimization criteria. The first criterion is the maximization of the signal over out-of-band leakage ratio. The second criterion uses signal over in-band distortion plus out-of-band leakage ratio. We compare UFMC based on filters with those two optimization approaches against UFMC with Dolph-Chebyshev filters and against OFDM in a setting with non-perfect frequency alignment. The performance gains of the optimized filters are demonstrated in link level simulations. Both of the proposed approaches show significant performance gains over OFDM in terms of average SIR: Almost 10 dB and 7 dB SIR improvement can be achieved by using the first and second criterion, respectively.
Saturated and monounsaturated long chain hydrocarbon profiles of lipids from orange, grapefruit, mandarin and lemon juice sacs (1972)

Abstract Saturated and monounsaturated long chain hydrocarbons were determined in four citrus fruit species‐orange, grapefruit, mandarin and lemon. All species manifested their own intrinsic profiles. In the saturated fraction, iso and anteiso hydrocarbons comprised between 45 and 58% of the total hydrocarbons, while in the monounsaturated fraction the range was 2 to 22%. As a general rule, odd‐numbered, iso hydrocarbons were always found at percentages higher than their anteiso homologs.
KN-62, 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazi ne, a specific inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. (1990)

1-[N,O-Bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpipera zine (KN-62), a selective inhibitor of rat brain Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (Ca2+/CaM kinase II) was synthesized and its inhibitory properties in vitro and in vivo were investigated. KN-62 inhibited phosphorylation of exogenous substrate (chicken gizzard myosin 20-kDa light chain) by Ca2+/CaM kinase II with Ki value of 0.9 microM, but no significant effect up to 100 microM on activities of chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase, rabbit brain protein kinase C, and bovine heart cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II. KN-62 also inhibited the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent autophosphorylation of both alpha (50 kDa) and beta (60 kDa) subunits of Ca2+/CaM kinase II dose dependently in the presence or absence of exogenous substrate. Kinetic analysis indicated that this inhibitory effect of KN-62 was competitive with respect to calmodulin. However, KN-62 did not inhibit the activity of autophosphorylated Ca2+/CaM kinase II. Moreover, Ca2+/CaM kinase II bound to a KN-62-coupled Sepharose 4B column, but calmodulin did not. These results suggest that KN-62 affects the interaction between calmodulin and Ca2+/CaM kinase II following inhibition of this kinase activity by directly binding to the calmodulin binding site of the enzyme but does not affect the calmodulin-independent activity of already autophosphorylated (activated) enzyme. We examined the effect of KN-62 on cultured PC12 D pheochromocytoma cells. KN-62 suppressed the A23187 (0.5 microM)-induced autophosphorylation of the 53-kDa subunit of Ca2+/CaM kinase in PC12 D cells, which was immunoprecipitated with anti-rat forebrain Ca2+/CaM kinase II polypeptides antibodies coupled to Sepharose 4B, thereby suggesting that KN-62 could inhibit the Ca2+/CaM kinase II activity in vivo.
Probing intrinsic transport properties of single metal nanowires: Direct-write contact formation using a focused ion beam (2004)

The transport characteristics of 70-nm-diameter platinum nanowires (NWs), fabricated using a pore-templated electrodeposition process and individually contacted using a focused ion beam (FIB) method, are reported. This approach yields nanowire devices with low contact resistances (∼400Ω) and linear current–voltage characteristics for current densities up to 65kA∕cm2. The intrinsic nanowire resistivity (33±5μΩcm) indicates significant contributions from surface- and grain-boundary scattering mechanisms. Fits to the temperature dependence of the intrinsic NW resistance confirm that grain-boundary scattering dominates surface scattering (by more than a factor of 2) at all temperatures. Our results demonstrate that FIB presents a rapid and flexible method for the formation of low-resistance ohmic contacts to individual metal nanowires, allowing intrinsic nanowire transport properties to be probed.
<i>Quantum Mechanics</i> (1999)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Eugen Merzbacher, Daniel Greenberger; Quantum Mechanics. Physics Today 1 May 1999; 52 (5): 64–66. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.882667 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Adaptive Randomized Epidemic Routing for Disruption Tolerant Networks (2009)

In disruption tolerant networks, aggressive packet forwarding scheme like flooding has a major drawback in terms of network congestion. In this paper, we proposed a new routing algorithm, called adaptive randomized epidemic routing (ARER). ARER dynamically adjusts the forwarding probability for each message according to a new metric, replications density. Meanwhile, ARER arranges the forwarding sequence and the dropping priority based on their assigned weight. The weight is determined by the replication density, the delivery predictability, and TTL. An extensive simulation of ARER using various scenarios was carried out and its performance was compared to well known DTN routing protocols: epidemic routing, randomized routing and spray-and-wait routing. Our results show that ARER outperforms them in all scenarios in terms of packet delay and delivery.
Improving the robustness of prosody dependent language modeling based on prosody syntax dependence (2004)

The paper presents a novel approach that improves the robustness of prosody dependent language modeling by leveraging the dependence between prosody and syntax. A prosody dependent language model describes the joint probability distribution of concurrent word and prosody sequences and can be used to provide prior language constraints in a prosody dependent speech recognizer. Robust maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of prosody dependent n-gram language models requires a large amount of prosodically transcribed data. We show that prosody-syntax dependence can be utilized to diminish the data sparseness introduced by prosody dependent modeling. Experiments on a radio news corpus show that the prosody dependent language model estimated using our approach reduces the joint perplexity by up to 34% as compared with the standard ML-estimated prosody dependent language model; the word perplexity can be reduced by up to 84% as compared with the standard ML-estimated prosody independent language model. In recognition experiments, the language model estimated by our approach create an improvement of 1% in word recognition accuracy, 0.7% in accent recognition accuracy and 1.5% in intonational phrase boundary (IPB) recognition accuracy over a baseline prosody dependent language model.
Analysis, Comparison & Simulation of Three Phase 9 Level Cascaded Multilevel Inverter with Advanced Modulation Control Techniques using Less Switches (2018)

The multilevel converter is capable of achieving higher power by using a series of power switches with several low voltage DC sources to perform power conversion by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. In the field of power electronics the multilevel inverter permits to reach higher voltages with low harmonics content. Rise in the number of levels, the harmonic level of output voltage will fall gradually. In this paper a three phase 9 level cascaded multilevel inverter is been simulated with minimum switching devices and gate circuitry. The classical three phase MLI utilizes 48 switches whereas the minimum circuit utilizes 33 switches thus eliminating 15 switches in the usage. The output is been verified by extracting gate signals from various control techniques like SPWM POD, Harmonic Injected, Trapezoidal & Triangular Modulation. The analysis and comparison is done with THD, and least THD is been found with triangular modulation with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK tool.
Utilizing Existing Semantic Knowledge Bases for Creating Annotations on Mobile Devices (2009)

This paper discusses how existing semantic knowledge bases can be utilized in creating annotations on mobile devices. The difficulties in this topic arise from the fact that different semantic knowledge bases offer different access methods and in general the access methods are designed for desktop applications instead of mobile applications. To examine these issues we implemented a Java ME application that can send annotated messages to two web applications, Tilkut and Owela, which had been created earlier within the same project at VTT. Our findings highlight the challenges and possibilities that implementing the communication between the semantic knowledge bases and the mobile application offers. We also discuss different ways of easing the annotation process on a mobile device such as retrieving tag suggestions continuously based on user input.
Social Network Analysis in Software Testing to Categorize Unit Test Cases Based on Coverage Information (2011)

Software testing is the most visible and cost-consuming activity in assuring the quality of software systems. In today's large-scale software systems, test (suite) maintenance is an inseparable part of software maintenance. Clarity of the purpose of each test case in the suite can be improved by proper naming and appropriate packaging, which decreases the cost of test maintenance. As a software system evolves its test suites need to be updated (maintained) to verify new or modified functionality of the software, and thus test cases may need to be categorized in a different way. In this work, we are proposing a technique to categorize the test cases automatically based on their coverage information. The proposed process can be performed dynamically over the life cycle of the system to improve the quality of test packaging. We build a social network of test cases and use coverage information to define links between them. This network is used to identify higher groups of test cases such as test package. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first trial in this direction. To evaluate our technique, we applied it on three open source systems with available JUnit test suits to identify test packages. We measured the quality of the discovered packages in terms of cohesion and coupling and compared them with the original packaging from test developers of these projects. The result shows that our technique can be used to categorize test cases automatically by even improving the quality of the packages.
Dynamic self-cleaning in gecko setae via digital hyperextension (2012)

Gecko toe pads show strong adhesion on various surfaces yet remain remarkably clean around everyday contaminants. An understanding of how geckos clean their toe pads while being in motion is essential for the elucidation of animal behaviours as well as the design of biomimetic devices with optimal performance. Here, we test the self-cleaning of geckos during locomotion. We provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that geckos clean their feet through a unique dynamic self-cleaning mechanism via digital hyperextension. When walking naturally with hyperextension, geckos shed dirt from their toes twice as fast as they would if walking without hyperextension, returning their feet to nearly 80 per cent of their original stickiness in only four steps. Our dynamic model predicts that when setae suddenly release from the attached substrate, they generate enough inertial force to dislodge dirt particles from the attached spatulae. The predicted cleaning force on dirt particles significantly increases when the dynamic effect is included. The extraordinary design of gecko toe pads perfectly combines dynamic self-cleaning with repeated attachment/detachment, making gecko feet sticky yet clean. This work thus provides a new mechanism to be considered for biomimetic design of highly reuseable and reliable dry adhesives and devices.
Immunocytochemical detection of HPV16 E7 in cervical smear (2007)

Cervical cancer is characterized by a long period of preclinical dysplasia or carcinoma in situ progressing into invasive cancer. Although Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test has contributed significantly to the early detection of precursor lesions, the cytological screening has inherent problems that produce considerable false negative/positive results. Since the infection of high-risk type of human papillomavirus (HPV) is strongly associated with cervical cancer, we investigated the feasibility of an immunostaining test to detect cells infected by HPV in cervical smear. We produced monoclonal antibodies against HPV16 E7 in mice by repeated injections with the recombinant HPV16 E7. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemical assay demonstrated that the selected monoclonal antibody, mAb (130-9-7), reacts specifically with cultured cervical cancer cell lines infected by HPV16. Specific staining was observable with the HPV16-positive smear specimens obtained from the cervical cancer patients, whereas no staining was detected with the HPV-negative smear specimens. To achieve the desired sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, we modified and optimized the conventional immunocytochemical procedure for cervical smear specimens. Our results suggest that this immunostaining method for detecting high-risk HPV in cervical smear may be used as a strategy to distinguish a high-risk group, especially those patients with low grade cytological abnormality.
Chain elongation with reactor microbiomes: upgrading dilute ethanol to medium-chain carboxylates (2012)

Ethanol distillation in the biofuel industry is energetically expensive because ethanol is completely miscible in water. Upgrading ethanol into a hydrophobic chemical that is easier to separate would circumvent current fossil-fuel consumption for distillation. Here, we shaped a reactor microbiome to sequentially elongate carboxylic acids with 2-carbon units from dilute ethanol in yeast-fermentation beer. Our continuous bioprocess produced n-caproic acid, a 6-carbon-chain carboxylic acid that is more valuable than ethanol. No antimicrobials to inhibit methanogens were necessary. In-line product extraction achieved an n-caproic acid production rate exceeding 2 grams per liter of reactor volume per day, which is comparable to established bioenergy systems with microbiomes. Incorporation of other organics found in beer increased the mass of carbon in n-caproic acid by 10% compared to ethanol.
Formation of L-malic acid by yeasts of the genus Dipodascus (1999)

The yeast strains of the genus Dipodascus were used for the bioconversion of fumaric acid to L-malic acid. Under nongrowth conditions, the fumarase activity in the intact cells or in the cell-free extract of Dipodascus was 10 times higher than that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Pretreatment of the Dipodascus with malonate was not necessary because succinate was not detected as a by-product. The fumarase activity in Dipodascus magnusii CCM 8235 was increased approximately 100% when Triton X-305 (0.1%) was added to the reaction mixture.
How healthy are today's enterprise networks? (2008)

In this paper we take a look at the health of a typical enterprise network via a new metric based on the fraction of useful flows generated by endhosts. Flows considered non-useful are those that explicitly fail or else do not elicit a response from the intended destination. Examining traces collected from a large number of mobile hosts in an enterprise network, we find that about 34% of the flows are not useful. Through our study that combines data analysis and ongoing interactions with our IT department, we learn that these non-useful flows arise from several causes. Our mobile hosts frequently change environments, by either moving in and out of the corporate environment, or by switching the point and means of attachment to the corporate network. We find that many of the failures occur due to the hosts' lack of environment awareness, which results in attempts to discover services that are not present in all environments. Other causes include misconfiguration, unnecessary broadcast traffic, and excessive connection retries. Understanding this ever present noise in endhost communication is important for a variety of reasons including the fact that it complicates anomaly detection design and wastes resources, the latter of which is particularly crucial for wireless and mobile environments. Finally, we discuss possible means to design applications and services that can significantly improve the health of the network.
High-speed Lateral Photodetectors On Semi-Insulating InGaAs and InP (1985)

A new type of high-performance, planar PIN photodetector operating in the 1.0-1.6 μm wavelength region has been fabricated on semi-insulating InP and InGaAs entirely by formation of alloyed contacts. Their planar geometry and simple fabrication process, that does not require a separate step to form the junction, together with their high speed under reverse bias (FWHM . 50 ps) and sensitivity (n ≈ 40% at λ = 1.24μm, without anti-reflection coating) make these devices attractive for integration with FETs and for photodetector arrays.
Comparison of Human, Canine, and Ovine Laryngeal Dimensions (2004)

Geometric measurement of the laryngeal skeleton is a fundamental step in laryngeal studies, especially in biomechanical modeling. Traditionally, canine larynges have been used as models of the human larynx because of their similarity in size and gross structure, but the search continues for an alternative model because of the diminishing availability of the canine species for research in the United States. In this report, a revised method for defining and labeling laryngeal framework parameters is proposed. Ovine laryngeal cartilages were measured, and the measurements were compared to those of human and canine cartilages previously reported in the literature. The ovine cricoid, thyroid, and arytenoid cartilages were significantly different from the human and canine cartilages. Also, the lack of a definite border between the true and false vocal folds revealed that the ovine model may not always be suitable for a direct comparison to the human larynx in phonation.
Orientationally Ordered Soft Matter: The Diverse World of Liquid Crystals (2015)

Liquid crystals, characterized by orientational order, are ubiquitous. Their unique responsivity arises as a result of symmetry. This article gives a brief overview of their history, fundamental aspects, applications and prospects. An abridged version of this article is to appear in the Sept. 2007 issue of Physics Today.