gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Japanese medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>): developmental model for the study of alcohol teratology (2006)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Animal models are necessary to investigate the mechanism of alcohol‐induced birth defects. We have used Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) as a non‐mammalian model to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) of ethanol teratogenesis. METHODS: Medaka eggs, within 1 hr post‐fertilization (hpf) were exposed to waterborne ethanol (0–1000 mM) in hatching solution for 48 hr. Embryo development was observed daily until 10 days post‐fertilization (dpf). The concentration of embryonic ethanol was determined enzymatically. Cartilage and bones were stained by Alcian blue and calcein, respectively and skeletal and cardiovascular defects were assessed microscopically. Genetic gender of the embryos was determined by PCR. Levels of two isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) mRNAs were determined by semi‐quantitative and real‐time RT‐PCR. RESULTS: The concentration of ethanol required to cause 50% mortality (LC 50 ) in 10 dpf embryos was 568 mM, however, the embryo absorbed only 15–20% of the waterborne ethanol at all ethanol concentrations. The length of the lower jaw and calcification in tail fin cartilaginous structures were reduced by ethanol exposure. Active blood circulation was exhibited at 50+ hpf in embryos treated with 0–100 mM ethanol; active circulation was delayed and blood clots developed in embryos treated with 200–400 mM ethanol. The deleterious effects of ethanol were not gender‐specific. Moreover, ethanol treatment was unable to alter the constitutive expression of either Adh5 or Adh8 mRNA in the medaka embryo. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results suggested that embryogenesis in medaka was significantly affected by ethanol exposure. Phenotypic features normally associated with ethanol exposure were similar to that observed in mammalian models of fetal alcohol syndrome. The results further indicated that medaka embryogenesis might be used as an alternative non‐mammalian model for investigating specific alterations in gene expression as a means to understand the molecular mechanism(s) of ethanol‐induced birth defects. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 77:29–39, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stable adaptive neural control of nonlinear systems (2005)

Based on the Lyapunov synthesis approach, several adaptive neural control schemes have been developed during the last few years. So far, these schemes have been applied only to simple classes of nonlinear systems. This paper develops a design methodology that expands the class of nonlinear systems that adaptive neural control schemes can be applied to and, also, relaxes some of the restrictive assumptions that are usually made. One such assumption is the requirement of a known bound on the network reconstruction error. The overall adaptive scheme is shown to guarantee semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness. The proposed feedback control law is a smooth function of the state.
Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent inactivation by 3-bromopyruvate. (1984)

Inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by 3-bromopyruvate is thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)-dependent. Inactivation with 2-14C- or 3-14C-labeled 3-bromopyruvate results in TPP-dependent covalent labeling of more than 60 sites in the complex, all of which are associated with the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase component. Inactivation by 3-bromo[1-14C]pyruvate labels up to 20 sites associated with dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, also with TPP dependence. Systemic chemical degradation of the complex inactivated by 3-bromo[2-14C]pyruvate under conditions that would convert lipoyl groups to S,S,-biscarboxymethyl dihydrolipoic acid produces S,S,-bis[14C]carboxymethyl dihydrolipoic acid. It is concluded that 3-bromopyruvate inactivates this complex by initially undergoing the first two steps of the usual catalytic pathway, TPP-dependent decarboxylation followed by reductive bromoacetylation of lipoyl moieties. The sulfhydryl groups of S-bromoacetyl dihydrolipoyl moieties generated by reductive bromoacetylation are then alkylated by 3-bromopyruvate as well as by bromoacetyl thioester groups associated with the complex.
Transition to an Insulator from a Superconductor due to Substitution of Ca by Rare-earth Elements in Bi<sub>4</sub>Sr<sub>4</sub>RE<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>O<sub>16+δ</sub> (RE=Nd, Eu, Y) (1988)

X-ray diffraction analyses and electrical properties were determined for Bi 4 Sr 4 RE 2 Cu 4 O 16+δ , where RE=Nd, Eu and Y. Samples sintered at 920°C showed identical XRD patterns with that of superconducting Bi 4 Sr 4 Ca 2 Cu 4 O 16+δ , however, their electrical properties were insulating. Oxygen content for the Y-substituted sample Bi 4 Sr 4 Y 2 Cu 4 O y was y =16.75 and the Cu average valence was 1.875. The compounds seem to correspond to the ground state of Bi 4 Sr 4 Ca 2 Cu 4 O 16+δ , where no holes are doped in Cu-O levels, equivalent to the reduced semiconductor REBa 2 Cu 3 O 6 in REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ systems.
Distributed $Q$ -Learning-Based Online Optimization Algorithm for Unit Commitment and Dispatch in Smart Grid (2019)

Economic dispatch (ED) and unit commitment (UC) problems need to be revisited in order to make a transition from a traditional power system to a smart grid. In this paper, we formulate the ED and UC problems into a unified form, which is also capable of characterizing the infinite horizon UC problem. Based on the formulation, a centralized Q -learning-based optimization algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm runs in an online manner and requires no prior information on the mathematical formulation of the actual cost functions, thus being capable of dealing with situations for which such cost functions are too difficult to obtain. Then, the distributed counterpart of the centralized algorithm is developed by relaxing the demand for global information and balancing exploration and exploitation cooperatively in a distributed way. Theoretical analysis of the proposed algorithms is also provided. Finally, several case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Laser Assisted Growth Of Optical Quality Single Crystal Fibers (1984)

Single crystal fibers of four refractory oxide materials (Aℓ20<sub>3</sub> , Cr:AZ<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3</sub> , Nd:YAG and LiNb03) have been grown by a miniature pedestal growth technique. The growth apparatus employs novel electronic control, mechanical and optical systems enabling growth of high optical quality fibers. All four materials exhibit similar growth characteristics and yield fibers of comparable quality. Measured optical waveguide losses at 632.8 nm for a 5 cm long 170 μm diameter CrℓAZ<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3</sub> fiber were 0.04 dB/cm.
Brownian motion of lipid domains in electrostatic traps in monolayers (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBrownian motion of lipid domains in electrostatic traps in monolayersH. M. McConnell, P. A. Rice, and D. J. BenvegnuCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 26, 8965–8968Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100389a022https://doi.org/10.1021/j100389a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
DNA methylation patterns in human tissues of uniparental origin using a zinc-finger gene (ZNF127) from the Angelman/Prader-Willi region (1996)

In order to further our understanding of the epigenetic modifications of DNA and its role in imprinting, we examined DNA methylation patterns of human tissues of uniparental origin. We used complete hydatidiform moles (CHM), which are totally androgenetic conceptions, to examine the paternal methylation pattern in the absence of a maternal contribution and we used ovarian teratomas to represent the maternal counterpart. We carried out an analysis of DNA methylation of a gene which has been shown to contain sites which are differentially methylated in a parent-specific fashion. The gene, ZNF127, is located on chromosome 15q11-q13 in the region associated with Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. The parent-of-origin DNA methylation has been postulated to reflect the presence of an imprint and recent studies have confirmed that ZNF127 is differentially expressed only from the paternal chromosome. We identified a unique pattern of hyper- and hypomethylated sites in androgenetic conceptions which was nearly identical to the paternal pattern found in sperm. This may represent the paternal germ-line methylation imprint. We also studied partial hydatidiform moles, non-molar triploid conceptions, normal chorionic villi, and somatic tissue. These all demonstrated a modified DNA methylation pattern characteristic of normal chorionic villi with only limited findings of the imprint. Our results suggest that human androgenetic conceptions may provide an excellent model to analyze epigenetic DNA modifications, such as methylation, in imprinted genes. The paternal allele-specific methylation imprint will also be useful clinically to confirm the androgenetic nature of suspected molar conceptions in which parental blood samples may not be available.
Low temperature deposition of hydrogenated nanocrystalline SiC films by helicon wave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2010)

Hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon carbide (nc-SiC:H) films have been deposited by using helicon wave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique at low substrate temperature. The influences of radio frequency (rf) power and substrate temperature on the properties of the deposited nc-SiC:H films were investigated. It is found that hydrogenated amorphous SiC films were fabricated at a low rf power, while the nc-SiC:H films with a microstructure of SiC nanocrystals embedded in amorphous counterpart could be deposited when the rf power is 400 W or more. The plasma transition from the capacitive dominated discharge to the helicon wave discharge with high plasma intensity influences the film microstructure and surface morphology. The analysis of the films deposited at various substrate temperatures reveals that the onset of SiC crystallization occurs at the substrate temperature as low as 150 °C. The low temperature deposition of nc-SiC:H films enables the fabrication of silicon-based thin-film solar cells onto flexible plastic substrates using nc-SiC:H film as a window layer.
Applying Multiradio Access Technologies for Reliability Enhancement in Vehicle-to-Everything Communication (2018)

The design of the 5G cellular network should take account of the emerging services with divergent quality of service requirements. For instance, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is required to facilitate the local data exchange and therefore improve the automation level in automated driving applications. In this paper, we inspect the performance of two different air interfaces (i.e., LTE-Uu and PC5) which are proposed by the third generation partnership project to enable the V2X communication. With these two air interfaces, the V2X communication can be realized by transmitting data packets either over the network infrastructure or directly among traffic participants. In addition, the ultra-high reliability requirement in some V2X communication scenarios cannot be fulfilled with any single transmission technology (i.e., either LTE-Uu or PC5). Therefore, we discuss how to efficiently apply multi-radio access technologies (multi-RAT) to improve the communication reliability. In order to exploit the multi-RAT in an efficient manner, both the independent and the coordinated transmission schemes are designed and inspected. Subsequently, the conventional uplink is also extended to the case where a base station can receive data packets through both the LTE-Uu and PC5 interfaces. Moreover, different multicast-broadcast singlefrequency network area mapping approaches are also proposed to improve the communication reliability in the LTE downlink. Last but not least, a system level simulator is implemented in this paper. The simulation results do not only provide us insights on the performances of different technologies but also validate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-RAT scheme.
Test input generation with java PathFinder (2004)

We show how model checking and symbolic execution can be used to generate test inputs to achieve structural coverage of code that manipulates complex data structures. We focus on obtaining branch-coverage during unit testing of some of the core methods of the red-black tree implementation in the Java TreeMap library, using the Java PathFinder model checker. Three different test generation techniques will be introduced and compared, namely, straight model checking of the code, model checking used in a black-box fashion to generate all inputs up to a fixed size, and lastly, model checking used during white-box test input generation. The main contribution of this work is to show how efficient white-box test input generation can be done for code manipulating complex data, taking into account complex method preconditions.
Comparative Morphologic and Taxonomic Studies in the Genus Thraustochytrium (1968)

SUMMARYThe genus Thraustochytrium consists of 10 species. Characters used to separate these taxa include: 1) zoospore and zoosporangial size; 2) nature of the rhizoids; 3) proliferation characteristics; 4) discharge methods; 5) pigmentation of thalli in mass; and 6) wall thickness of reproductive bodies. Although these taxa appear distinct when various aspects of the above characters are used, comparative morphological studies on a Thraustochytrium roseum—T. visurgense complex and a T. motivum—T. aureum complex point up the difficulty in using many of the characters which presumably separate the thraustochytriaceous taxa. The difficulty arises because the characters are susceptible to variation, the characters tend to overlap, and the characters of the isolates of this study, in conjunction with the characters of the already established taxa, form a character gradient or cline.More specifically, pigmentation, sporangial discharge characteristics, zoospore behavior, rhizoidal nature, and wall thickness, characters used to separate Thraustochytrium roseum and T. visurgense, are either highly variable or clinal so as to suggest that the two species are in fact but a single taxon, T. roseum. Also some of the characters used to distinguish T. aureum and T. motivum are so variable or clinal that their value is questionable.
Synthesis of crystalline .beta.-hydroxybutyrate/.beta.-hydroxyvalerate copolyesters by coordination polymerization of .beta.-lactones (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of crystalline .beta.-hydroxybutyrate/.beta.-hydroxyvalerate copolyesters by coordination polymerization of .beta.-lactonesSteven Bloembergen, David A. Holden, Terry L. Bluhm, Gordon K. Hamer, and Robert H. MarchessaultCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 12, 3086–3089Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00178a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00178a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plantar pressures are elevated in the neuroischemic and the neuropathic diabetic foot. (1999)

Despite having increased plantar pressures and a comparable degree of neuropatny, the neuroischemic patients did not have a history of ulceration on the plantar surface. These observations may have relevance to different mechanisms of ulcer formation in the neuroischemic and neuropathic foot.
Anomaly detection and prediction of human actions in a video surveillance environment (2007)

World wide focus has over the years been shifting towards security issues, not in least due to recent world wide terrorist activities. Several researchers have proposed state of the art surveillance systems to help with some of the security issues with varying success. Recent studies have suggested that the ability of these surveillance systems to learn common environmental behaviour patterns as wells as to detect and predict unusual, or anomalous, activities based on those learnt patterns are possible improvements to those systems. In addition, some of these surveillance systems are still run by human operators, who are prone to mistakes and may need some help from the surveillance systems themselves in detection of anomalous activities. This dissertation attempts to address these suggestions by combining the fields of Image Understanding and Artificial Intelligence, specifically Bayesian Networks, to develop a prototype video surveillance system that can learn common environmental behaviour patterns, thus being able to detect and predict anomalous activity in the environment based on those learnt patterns. In addition, this dissertation aims to show how the prototype system can adapt to these anomalous behaviours and integrate them into its common patterns over a prolonged occurrence period. The prototype video surveillance system showed good performance and ability to detect, predict and integrate anomalous activity in the evaluation tests that were performed using a volunteer in an experimental indoor environment. In addition, the prototype system performed quite well on the PETS 2002 dataset 1, which it was not designed for. The evaluation procedure used some of the evaluation metrics commonly used on the PETS datasets. Hence, the prototype system provides a good approach to anomaly detection and prediction using Bayesian Networks trained on common environmental activities.
Reactivity of silver oxide in the absorption of carbon dioxide (1971)

Silver carbonate prepared by precipitation from very dilute solutions of AgNO3 and NaHCO3 decomposes at 170 °C to yield Ag2O which is particularly active for the uptake of CO2. In contrast to other oxide adsorbents prepared from carbonates, the high activity is not a consequence of the development of a high surface area. The decomposition of Ag2CO3 leads to only a small increase in surface area, the oxide product having an area less than 1 m2 g–1. The activity in this system is linked instead with the presence of water. Co2 absorption depends upon the continuing availability of water at the reacting interface. Ag2O rapidly loses activity towards CO2 uptake in absorption–regeneration cycles if dry CO2 is employed. There is, in addition, a slow loss of activity during cycling which is independent of the presence of water. The results are discussed by use of a model in which water is considered to be incorporated in the oxide as OH– and in the carbonated solid as OH– and HCO3– ions.
Oligonucleotides Containing Degenerate Bases (1994)

Major uses of oligodeoxyribonucleotides are as hybridization probes, sequencing primers, and, more recently, as primers for the polymerization chain reaction. When a protein sequence or part thereof is known, the construction of oligomer probes and primers is complicated by the codon degeneracy. The chain multiplicity in such probes or primers may reach very large numbers, leading to often ineffective reagents or poor signals. A number of ways of mitigating this general problem have been devised (); among these is the use of hypoxanthine I as a base that may be inserted at positions of degeneracy. Although it forms basepairs with C, A, G, and T of weak and varying stabilities (in that order), its ability to sustain the dissociation temperatures of DNA duplexes containing it above those with mismatches has led to its use first in probes and more recently in primers (, , , , ). We discuss I later, but here we describe the synthesis of monomers and oligomers containing the pyrimidine, 6H,8H-3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-c][l,2]oxazin-7-one, P (showing C, T degeneracy) and 2-amino-6-methoxyaminopurine, K (showing A,G degeneracy) (Fig. 1) (,). These bases were chosen on the grounds that their amino-imino tautomeric constants were much nearer to unity than the normal bases and that, for example, the P base could form Watson-Crick basepairs with both A and G as shown in Fig. 1 (a,b).
First self-assembly study of betulinic acid, a renewable nano-sized, 6-6-6-6-5 pentacyclic monohydroxy triterpenic acid (2011)

Self-assembly of betulinic acid, a renewable nano-sized 6-6-6-6-5 pentacyclic triterpenic acid studied in twenty two organic liquids and alcohol-water mixtures showed that it self-assembled in all the liquids studied affording strong gels in nineteen organic liquids and also in alcohol-water mixtures. Optical and electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies revealed fibrillar networks having fibers of nano- to micro-metre cross sections and micrometre lengths.
Fabrication, performance, and reliability of strained InGaAs QW lasers (1992)

Very low threshold current density (<50A cm-2, close to the theoretical limit), high quantum efficiency, high power output, low temperature sensitivity, and higher pumping efficiency of 0.98 µm wavelength InGaAs strained quantum well lasers, and very low amplifier noise close to the 3 dB quantum limit have made the 0.98 µm wavelength as the best choice for pumping Er3+-doped fiber amplifiers. Like any other semiconductor laser, these lasers also degrade, but no failure mode specific to these lasers has been observed despite a compressive strain of 1-3 x 10+10 dynes/cm2 in the active QW region. On the contrary, these lasers have immunity to sudden failure and for reasons discussed in the text they show signs of longer lifetimes than their AlGaAs/GaAs counterparts. We expect the 0.98 µm laser reliability to improve in the near future to a level comparable to any other types of semiconductor laser. Narrow far field, high power output in the fundamental transverse mode centered at 0.98 ± 0.005 µm, planarity of the structure for ease of mounting and better heat sinking, and long lifetimes are the major laser structure design considerations.