gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Low-Level Drug Effects Using Real-Time,<i>in vitro</i>Measurement of Oxygen Consumption Rate (2015)

There is a general need to detect toxic effects of drugs during preclinical screening. We propose that increased sensitivity of xenobiotics toxicity combined with improved in vitro physiological recapitulation will more accurately assess potentially toxic perturbations of cellular biochemistry that are near in vivo pharmacological exposure levels. Importantly, measurement of such cytopathologies avoids activating mechanisms mediating toxicity at suprapharmacologic levels not relevant to in vivo effects. We present a sensitive method to measure changes in oxygen consumption rate (OCR), a well-established parameter reflecting a potential hazard, in response to exposure to pharmacologic levels of drugs using a flow culture system and state of the art oxygen sensing system. We tested metformin and acetaminophen on rat liver slices to illustrate the method. The features of the method include continuous and very stable measurement of OCR over the course of 48 h in liver slices in a continuous flow chamber with the ability to resolve changes as small as 0.3%/h. Kinetic modeling of metformin inhibition of OCR over a wide range of concentrations revealed both a slow and fast mechanism, where the fast mechanism activated only at concentrations above 0.6 mM. For both drugs, small amounts of inhibition were reversible, but higher decrements were irreversible. Overall the study highlights the advantages of measuring low-level toxicity so as to avoid the common extrapolations made about drug toxicity based on effects of drugs tested at suprapharmacologic levels.
Anabolic Effects of Bee Pollen Cistus ladaniferus Extract on Bone Components in the Femoral-Diaphyseal and -Metaphyseal Tissues of Rats in Vitro and in Vivo (2006)

The effects of bee pollen extract on bone components in the femoral-diaphyseal (cortical bone) and -metaphyseal (trabecular bone) tissues of rats in vitro and in vivo were investigated. Bone tissues were cultured for 48 hr in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing either vehicle or water- or ethanol-solubilized extracts (10, 100, or 1000 μg/ml of medium) obtained from the bee pollen of Cistus ladaniferus. Calcium content in the femoral-diaphyseal or -metaphyseal tissues was significantly increased in the presence of water-solubilized extract (100 or 1000 μg/ml) and ethanol-solubilized extract (1000 μg/ml). An increase was also observed in the presence of water-solubilized extract (100 μg/ml) obtained from Fagopyrum esculentum, Camellia sinesis, or Brassica napus L. Alkaline phosphatase activity and DNA content in the femoral-diaphyseal or -metaphyseal tissues in vitro were significantly increased in the presence of water-solubilized extract (100 or 1000 μg/ml) obtained from the bee pollen. The effects of the bee pollen extract (100 μg/ml) in increasing bone components were completely inhibited in the presence of cycloheximide (10-6 M), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, in vitro. Moreover, the calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity in the femoral-diaphyseal or -metaphyseal tissues were significantly increased by the oral administration of water-solubilized extracts (5 or 10 mg/100 g body weight) obtained from the bee pollen of Cistus ladaniferus once daily for 7 days. The DNA content in the diaphyseal or metaphyseal tissues was significantly increased by the oral administration of water-solubilized extract (10 mg/100 g) of bee pollen cistus. The dose of 1.0 mg/100 g caused a significant increase in the diaphyseal and metaphyseal alkaline phosphatase activity or the metaphyseal DNA content in vivo. This study demonstrates that the extract of bee pollen has an anabolic effect on bone components in rats in vitro and in vivo.
Tamarind kernel gum: An upcoming natural polysaccharide (2010)

Polymers are complex carbohydrates having good mechanical properties for application as fiber, films, adhesives, rheology modifiers, hydrogels, emulsifiers, and drug delivery agents. seed polysaccharide (TSP) is a glucosaminoglycan derivative extracted from the kernel of seeds of Tamarindus indica Linn., Family Leguminosae. A polymer consists of cellulose-type spine that carries xylose and galactoxylose substituents. It can be used as a binder in tablets, as a mucoadhesive for buccal or sublingual delivery of drugs, in gastro-intestinal targeting as a bioadhesive tablet, and for ocular delivery of drugs for achieving zero-order controlled release. They also act as a carrier for delivery of certain drugs. TSP future perspective is wide application as a promising polymer in pharmaceutical industry as a novel carrier of drugs in various bioadhesive and other sustained release formulations.




	
		
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			Pubmed Style
			
			Gupta V, Puri R, Gupta S, Jain S, Rao GK. Kernel Gum: An Upcoming Natural SRP. 2010; 1(1): 50-54. doi:10.4103/0975-8453.59512
			
			Web Style
			
			Gupta V, Puri R, Gupta S, Jain S, Rao GK. Kernel Gum: An Upcoming Natural http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=302644630 [Access: March 28, 2021]. doi:10.4103/0975-8453.59512

			
			AMA (American Medical Association) Style

			Gupta V, Puri R, Gupta S, Jain S, Rao GK. Kernel Gum: An Upcoming Natural SRP. 2010; 1(1): 50-54. doi:10.4103/0975-8453.59512

			
			Vancouver/ICMJE Style

			Gupta V, Puri R, Gupta S, Jain S, Rao GK. Kernel Gum: An Upcoming Natural SRP. (2010), [cited March 28, 2021]; 1(1): 50-54. doi:10.4103/0975-8453.59512

			
			Harvard Style

			Gupta V, Puri R, Gupta S, Jain S, Rao GK (2010) Kernel Gum: An Upcoming Natural SRP, 1 (1), 50-54. doi:10.4103/0975-8453.59512

			
			Turabian Style

			Gupta V, Puri R, Gupta S, Jain S, Rao GK. 2010. Kernel Gum: An Upcoming Natural Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 1 (1), 50-54. doi:10.4103/0975-8453.59512

			
			Chicago Style

			Gupta V, Puri R, Gupta S, Jain S, Rao GK. Tamarind Kernel Gum: An Upcoming Natural Polysaccharide. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 1 (2010), 50-54. doi:10.4103/0975-8453.59512

			
			MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

			Gupta V, Puri R, Gupta S, Jain S, Rao GK. Tamarind Kernel Gum: An Upcoming Natural Polysaccharide. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 1.1 (2010), 50-54. Print. doi:10.4103/0975-8453.59512

			
			APA (American Psychological Association) Style

			Gupta V, Puri R, Gupta S, Jain S, Rao GK (2010) Kernel Gum: An Upcoming Natural Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 1 (1), 50-54. doi:10.4103/0975-8453.59512
Signaling from Blood Vessels to CNS Axons through Nitric Oxide (2006)

Brain function is usually perceived as being performed by neurons with the support of glial cells, the network of blood vessels situated nearby serving simply to provide nutrient and to dispose of metabolic waste. Revising this view, we find from experiments on a rodent central white matter tract (the optic nerve) in vitro that microvascular endothelial cells signal persistently to axons using nitric oxide (NO) derived from the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). The endogenous NO acts to stimulate guanylyl cyclase-coupled NO receptors in the axons, leading to a raised cGMP level which then causes membrane depolarization, apparently by directly engaging hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. The tonic depolarization and associated endogenous NO-dependent cGMP generation was absent in optic nerves from mice lacking eNOS, although such nerves responded to exogenous NO, with raised cGMP generation in the axons and associated depolarization. In addition to the tonic activity, exposure of optic nerves to bradykinin, a classical stimulator of eNOS in endothelial cells, elicited reversible NO- and cGMP-dependent depolarization through activation of bradykinin B2 receptors, to which eNOS is physically complexed. No contribution of other NO synthase isoforms to either the action of bradykinin or the continuous ambient NO level could be detected. The results suggest that microvascular endothelial cells participate in signal processing in the brain and can do so by generating both tonic and phasic NO signals.
Hospital Readmissions in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2013)

Predicting readmission is complex. A predictive model developed to be used at discharge yielded an area under the curve of 0.757.
Path Planning between Two Points for a Robot Experiencing Localization Error in Known and Unknown Environments (2018)

We use an approach to simultaneous localization and mapping to determine a path between two points for a mobile robot experiencing localization error in a known environment. Simply instructing a robot to move to a point (x; y)T is not sufficient because the mobile robot's accrued dead-reckoning error prevents the robot from ascertaining its current location and thus it cannot position itself at any location, including the goal. If we knew how dead-reckoning error grew, then perhaps we can direct the mobile robot to a goal location, module an "error margin." Instead, we do not assume an explicit error model, and send the robot to the goal via a sequence of way points, called meet points, whose locations are known a priori. Meet points are nodes of the generalized Voronoi graph and have the property that a robot can use its range sensors to reliably converge on them via a stable control law. The challenge is then to navigate from the final meet point to the goal location (not necessarily on the generalized Voronoi diagram) which constitutes the contribution of this paper. Experiments on the Nomad 200 and soon on the Personal Satellite Assistant Test-bed validate this approach.
De Brouckère, Louis Gustave Jean Marie Theodore (1985)

Traduction par Sandi E. Cooper
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Functional Polyolefin Synthesis: Effecting Control through Chelating Ancillary Ligand Design and Mechanistic Insights (2014)

The incorporation of polar functional groups into polyolefins can significantly alter the adhesion, barrier and surface properties, dyeability, printability, and compatibility of the resulting "functional polyolefin". Thus, the development of methods for the controlled synthesis of functional polyolefins from industrially relevant monomers holds the potential to expand the range of applications available to this already ubiquitous class of materials. In this Perspective, recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed functional polyolefin synthesis will be reviewed. A common thread among the innovations discussed here is the perturbation of catalyst function by tailored design of the chelating ancillary ligand, aided in many cases by improved mechanistic understanding. Specific topics discussed here include rare examples of catalyst control over the regio- and stereochemistry of polar monomer insertion by phosphine–sulfonato palladium complexes (Drent-type), rate acceleration of insertion polymerization by binuclear cooperativity using salicylaldiminato nickel complexes (Grubbs-type), and formation of linear copolymers of ethylene and polar vinyl monomers using a cationic palladium catalyst ligated by a bisphosphine monoxide (BPMO) that contrasts the typical polymer microstructures formed by other cationic group 10 catalysts ligated by an α-diimine (Brookhart-type).
Selective oxidation of alcohol function in allylic alcohols to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds catalyzed by zirconocene complexes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective oxidation of alcohol function in allylic alcohols to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds catalyzed by zirconocene complexesTatsuya Nakano, Yasutaka Ishii, and Masaya OgawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 22, 4855–4859Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00231a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1128Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (695 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Cost-Effective Master Cell Bank Validation of Multiple Clinical-Grade Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines From a Single Donor (2014)

Standardization guidelines for human pluripotent stem cells are still very broadly defined, despite ongoing clinical trials in the U.S., U.K., and Japan. The requirements for validation of human embryonic (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in general follow the regulations for other clinically compliant biologics already in place but without addressing key differences between cell types or final products. In order to realize the full potential of stem cell therapy, validation criteria, methodology, and, most importantly, strategy, should address the shortfalls and efficiency of current approaches; without this, hESC- and, especially, iPSC-based therapy will not be able to compete with other technologies in a cost-efficient way. We addressed the protocols for testing cell lines for human viral pathogens and propose a novel strategy that would significantly reduce costs. It is highly unlikely that the multiple cell lines derived in parallel from a tissue sample taken from one donor would have different profiles of endogenous viral pathogens; we therefore argue that samples from the Master Cell Banks of sibling lines could be safely pooled for validation. We illustrate this approach with tiered validation of two sibling clinical-grade hESC lines, KCL033 and KCL034 (stage 1, sterility; stage 2, specific human pathogens; and stage 3, nonspecific human pathogens). The results of all tests were negative. This cost-effective strategy could also be applied for validation of Master Cell Banks of multiple clinical-grade iPSC lines derived from a single donor.
The Primate-specific Protein TBC1D3 Is Required for Optimal Macropinocytosis in a Novel ARF6-dependent Pathway (2008)

The generation of novel genes and proteins throughout evolution has been proposed to occur as a result of whole genome and gene duplications, exon shuffling, and retrotransposition events. The analysis of such genes might thus shed light into the functional complexity associated with highly evolved species. One such case is represented by TBC1D3, a primate-specific gene, harboring a TBC domain. Because TBC domains encode Rab-specific GAP activities, TBC-containing proteins are predicted to play a major role in endocytosis and intracellular traffic. Here, we show that the TBC1D3 gene originated late in evolution, likely through a duplication of the RNTRE locus, and underwent gene amplification during primate speciation. Despite possessing a TBC domain, TBC1D3 is apparently devoid of Rab-GAP activity. However, TBC1D3 regulates the optimal rate of epidermal growth factor-mediated macropinocytosis by participating in a novel pathway involving ARF6 and RAB5. In addition, TBC1D3 binds and colocalize to GGA3, an ARF6-effector, in an ARF6-dependent manner, and synergize with it in promoting macropinocytosis, suggesting that the two proteins act together in this process. Accordingly, GGA3 siRNA-mediated ablation impaired TBC1D3-induced macropinocytosis. We thus uncover a novel signaling pathway that appeared after primate speciation. Within this pathway, a TBC1D3:GGA3 complex contributes to optimal propagation of signals, ultimately facilitating the macropinocytic process.
Fast codebook search algorithm for unconstrained vector quantisation (1998)

Vector quantisation (VQ) is a well known data compression technique which maps an ordered set of real numbers into a single integer. However, it is difficult to achieve accurate compression with the use of unconstrained Voronoi VQ when the codebook level and vector dimensionality are very large, due to the extremely high real-time computational complexity involved in full codebook search. To overcome this difficulty, a classified pre-selection method is proposed. Compared to the conventional full search method, the algorithm reduces the computational complexity involved in the code vector selection procedure by 70% ~ 90% with almost no loss in coder performance, at the cost of only a slight increase in the storage requirement.
Novel Method for Radiolabeling and Dimerizing Thiolated Peptides Using <sup>18</sup>F-Hexafluorobenzene (2015)

Hexafluorobenzene (HFB) reacts with free thiols to produce a unique and selective perfluoroaromatic linkage between two sulfurs. We modified this chemical reaction to produce dimeric (18)F-RGD-tetrafluorobenzene (TFB)-RGD, an integrin αvβ3 receptor ligand. (18)F-HFB was prepared by a fluorine exchange reaction using K(18)F/K2.2.2 at room temperature. The automated radiofluorination was optimized to minimize the amount of HFB precursor and, thus, maximize the specific activity. (18)F-HFB was isolated by distillation and subsequently reacted with thiolated c(RGDfk) peptide under basic and reducing conditions. The resulting (18)F-RGD-TFB-RGD demonstrated integrin receptor specific binding, cellular uptake, and in vivo tumor accumulation.(18)F-HFB can be efficiently incorporated into thiol-containing peptides at room temperature to provide novel imaging agents.
The history of the Poliomyelitis Research Foundation. (1993)

Histoire de la naissance et du developpement de la «Poliomyelitis Research Foundation», institut de recherche en microbiologie en Afrique du Sud
Quantification of dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: Validation of a novel instrumental method (1999)

We used a rotation-sensitive movement monitor (RoMM) to quantify and characterize dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD). Both upper limbs of 22 patients with dyskinetic PD were recorded and videotaped simultaneously. Three neurologists reviewed the video segments and rated severity of dyskinesia on a four-point scale; they also assessed any asymmetry of dyskinesia between the right and left side as well as the dyskinesia type (choreic, dystonic, or mixed). Mean and median clinical ratings for severity, asymmetry, and type of dyskinesia were compared with (1) the total power of the frequency power spectrum (FPS, degrees/second), (2) the percent difference of FPS values between the right and left side, and (3) the frequency (Hz) of the predominant peak, respectively. Intra- and interrater reliability was determined and a test-retest analysis was performed. FPS values showed a statistically significant correlation with the clinical ratings for dyskinesia severity. FPS difference between both sides was more sensitive than raters in detecting dyskinesia asymmetry. A predominant frequency peak of dyskinesia was obtained in all cases and ranged from 0.25-3.25 Hz. There was a significant trend for high-frequency dyskinesia to correlate with choreic type and for low-frequency dyskinesia to correlate with dystonic type. Test-retest analysis indicated a high reliability. We conclude that the RoMM is a valid, reliable, and sensitive method to quantify and characterize dyskinesia. Examples are provided suggesting that this instrument may prove useful for long-term assessment of dyskinetic patients and as a standardized tool for assessing dyskinesia in pharmaceutical or surgical trials for PD.
Primitive Polluters: Semang Impact on the Malaysian Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem (1985)

Etude sur le terrain de l'impact sur l'ecosysteme forestier tropical des Semang Orang Asli de la peninsule malaise, dans le cadre du debat sur la pollution et sa relation a la societe industrielle. Definition de la pollution et des differents types et modes de pollution et de changement ecologique. Description ethnographique des Semang et de leur relation a l'ecosysteme : chasse, cueillette, agriculture, aspects divers
Deterministic Coreference Resolution Based on Entity-Centric, Precision-Ranked Rules (2013)

We propose a new deterministic approach to coreference resolution that combines the global information and precise features of modern machine-learning models with the transparency and modularity of deterministic, rule-based systems. Our sieve architecture applies a battery of deterministic coreference models one at a time from highest to lowest precision, where each model builds on the previous model's cluster output. The two stages of our sieve-based architecture, a mention detection stage that heavily favors recall, followed by coreference sieves that are precision-oriented, offer a powerful way to achieve both high precision and high recall. Further, our approach makes use of global information through an entity-centric model that encourages the sharing of features across all mentions that point to the same real-world entity. Despite its simplicity, our approach gives state-of-the-art performance on several corpora and genres, and has also been incorporated into hybrid state-of-the-art coreference systems for Chinese and Arabic. Our system thus offers a new paradigm for combining knowledge in rule-based systems that has implications throughout computational linguistics.
An MCM upconverter for double conversion data tuner applications (2002)

GaAs module-based double conversion data tuner has superior performance over metal "can" single conversion tuner. A low cost MCM upconverter hermetically packaged with GaAs IC, tank circuit, and SAW filter is demonstrated. This upconverter module is fully DOCSIS compliant with low phase noise, distortion, power consumption and high image rejection. A low cost, high performance full tuner can be realized with this module and an SSOP28 packaged downconverter/synthesizer.
Inactivation of p53 but Not p73 by Adenovirus Type 5 E1B 55-Kilodalton and E4 34-Kilodalton Oncoproteins (1998)

The adenovirus E1B 55-kDa and E4 34-kDa oncoproteins bind and inactivate the p53 tumor suppressor gene product, resulting in cell transformation. A recently discovered cellular protein, p73, shows extensive similarities to p53 in structure and function. Here we show that the simultaneous transient expression of E1B 55-kDa and E4 34-kDa proteins is sufficient to drastically shorten the intracellular half-life of p53, leading to strongly reduced steady-state p53 levels. Concomitantly, the E1B 55-kDa and E4 34-kDa proteins act synergistically to inactivate the transcriptional activity of p53. Mutational analysis suggests that physical interactions between the E1B 55-kDa protein and p53 and between the E1B 55-kDa and E4 34-kDa proteins are both required for p53 degradation. In contrast, the ability of p53 to interact with the cellular mdm2 oncoprotein or with its cognate DNA element appears to be dispensable for its destabilization by adenovirus gene products. The adenovirus E1B 55-kDa protein did not detectably interact with p73 and failed to inhibit p73-mediated transcription; also, the E1B 55-kDa and E4 34-kDa proteins did not promote p73 degradation. When five amino acids near the amino termini were exchanged at corresponding positions between p53 and p73, this rendered p53 resistant and p73 susceptible to complex formation and inactivation by the E1B 55-kDa protein. Our results suggest that while p53 inactivation is a central step in virus-induced tumor development, efficient transformation can occur without targeting p73.