gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modules as building blocks for protocol configuration (2002)

Da CaPo provides an environment for the dynamic configuration of protocols. Configuration is done with respect to application requirements, properties of the offered network services, and the available resources in the end systems. The goal of the configuration is to provide a service with minimal necessary functionality for each request, i.e., to diminish protocol complexity and so to increase protocol performance. Modules serve as basic building blocks for the protocol configuration. Common software engineering principles like encapsulation and information hiding as well as a unified module interface allow the unconstrained configuration of modules to protocols. The Da CaPo runtime environment links modules to protocols in one UNIX process and realizes an efficient data transport inside the end systems because performance reducing operations like data copying or process switches are minimized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Visualizing tags as a network of relatedness (2009)

We present a layout algorithm for grouping the user's tags within a folksonomy, aimed at easing the visualization and exploration of a large set of tags and their complex relationships. We introduce the possibility of (i) labeling linking tags to construct a network of tags and (ii) defining the concrete meaning of a tag by choosing the right definition extracted from Wikimedia projects or by writing down a particular definition. This provides the context for disambiguating the semantic of tags and it can be used to refine searches and/or suggestions. Moreover, this leads to alleviate some of the problems regarding the use of a natural vocabulary in a faceted classification. We provide some definitions and show examples of the so-called second generation of tag-clouds. We conclude with some implications that make use of the layout algorithm for visualizing a set of more than 400 tags.
Pérdida prematura de dientes temporales en niños de 4 a 8 años que acuden a la Universidad Central del Ecuador (2021)

Objective: to determine the frequency of early loss of deciduous teeth in children aged 4 to 8 who attended the Central University of Ecuador. Methodology. The sample consisted of 453 medical records of patients who were seen from March 2017 to April 2018. The following data were recorded: age, gender, premature tooth loss, diagnosis of the missing tooth and whether the space maintainer was performed. Descriptive statistics and the Welch Levene and ANOVA tests were performed with a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). Results. The frequency of premature loss of primary teeth was 56.5%. no statistical differences between gender and age. The lower left second molar was the tooth with the greatest premature loss (7.3%). The space maintainer was performed in 30% of the cases. There were no statistically significant differences by gender and age. Conclution. Early loss of deciduous teeth was high for the group studied. Space maintainer realization was low. The implementation of educational and preventive programs to promote oral health can help children maintain healthy primary teeth and prevent alterations in the development of occlusion.
Printable Electronics: Foldable Printed Circuit Boards on Paper Substrates (Adv. Funct. Mater. 1/2010) (2009)

Lightweight and flexible printed circuit boards (PCBs) have been produced by micro-patterning metal on paper substrates, as reported by Siegel et al. on page 28. Paper-based electronic devices can be folded and creased repeatedly, shaped to form three-dimensional structures, integrated with paper-based microfluidic devices, and disposed of by flame (as shown in the cover image).
A scheduling framework for general-purpose parallel languages (2008)

The trend in microprocessor design toward multicore and manycore processors means that future performance gains in software will largely come from harnessing parallelism. To realize such gains, we need languages and implementations that can enable parallelism at many different levels. For example, an application might use both explicit threads to implement course-grain parallelism for independent tasks and implicit threads for fine-grain data-parallel computation over a large array. An important aspect of this requirement is supporting a wide range of different scheduling mechanisms for parallel computation. In this paper, we describe the scheduling framework that we have designed and implemented for Manticore, a strict parallel functional language. We take a micro-kernel approach in our design: the compiler and runtime support a small collection of scheduling primitives upon which complex scheduling policies can be implemented. This framework is extremely flexible and can support a wide range of different scheduling policies. It also supports the nesting of schedulers, which is key to both supporting multiple scheduling policies in the same application and to hierarchies of speculative parallel computations. In addition to describing our framework, we also illustrate its expressiveness with several popular scheduling techniques. We present a (mostly) modular approach to extending our schedulers to support cancellation. This mechanism is essential for implementing eager and speculative parallelism. We finally evaluate our framework with a series of benchmarks and an analysis.
Photoluminescence spectra resulting from hydroxy groups on magnesium oxide supported on silica (1994)

Photoluminescent excitation and emission spectra resulting from hydroxy groups on magnesium oxide have been investigated using highly dispersed magnesium oxide species supported on silica. Since this sample has almost only one kind of Mg—O species, reaction of Mg—O species with H2O produces hydroxy groups uniformly coordinated to Mg ions. Therefore, clear photoluminescent excitation spectra were obtained. Coordination states of the hydroxy groups were elucidated from excitation spectra. The hydroxy group attached to the surface Mg ion is excited by 255 nm light. The other hydroxy groups which are coordinated to Mg ions within the silica matrix are excited by 265 nm light. Hydroxy groups on the sample exhibit almost the same broad emission spectra centred at 440 nm regardless of their coordination.
Development of an extremely coherent single-mode fiber bundle array for high-contrast imaging of extrasolar planets with visible Terrestrial Planet Finder (2004)

We report results from development of a prototype extremely coherent single mode fiber optic array for the TPF visible nulling interferometer. This device is used to negate the effects of residual stellar leakage (scattering) due to imperfections in the TPF telescope optics and the visible nulling interferometer optical train. This prototype consists of 10 X 10 single mode fibers, V-groove arrays, two lenslet arrays (one at the front end and the other at the back end) and auxiliary mechanical components. This first development will pave a clear path for making a final coherent fiber array with ~ 1000 fibers. The final array, once fully functional, should be able to improve image contrast by another ~ 3 orders of magnitude after 6-7 orders of magnitude star light subtraction using the visible nulling interferometer to allow detection of earth-like planets as close as 0.1 arcseconds around stars at ~ 10 pc in space with a 4m size TPF. This concept combines all the advantages of a nulling interferometer with the simplicity of a modest size and modest optical quality single aperture telescope, which allows tremendous reduction of the total cost and simplicity of the operation of a visible TPF over other TPF approaches. This fiber array can also be used in the visible coronagraph for rejecting scattered light.
Total synthesis of (-)-ptilocaulin (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (-)-ptilocaulinWilliam R. Roush and Alan E. WaltsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 3, 721–723Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00315a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00315a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views979Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
대학생의 특성분노, 분노표현, 긍정적 사고 및 감사성향 (2016)

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among trait anger, anger expression, positive thinking, and gratitude in college students. Methods: The participants were 370 college students recruited from two universities in P and D cities. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: There were significant differences in trait anger and anger-in according to religion and college majors. Moreover, anger-control differed according to college majors. There were significant correlations among trait anger, anger expression, positive thinking, and gratitude. Positive thinking was a significant factor of trait anger explaining 17.0% of the variances. Positive thinking and gratitude were significant factors of anger-control explaining 12.0% of the variances. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that there is a need for strategies to decrease trait anger and promote anger-control by enhancing positive thinking and gratitude in college students.
Synthetic aperture imaging using a semi-analytic model for the transmit beams (2015)

Many modern high-end scanners use some form for coherent synthesis of image lines by combining beams acquired with different transmissions such as retrospective dynamic transmit focusing (Acuson / Siemens), nSIGHT (Philips), and Zone imaging (Zonare). To synthesize the final image, beams acquired by different transmissions are coherently summed. The inter-beam delays and interpolation function vary across implementations.
Synchronization Techniques for Crossing Multiple Clock Domains in FPGA-Based TMR Circuits (2010)

Triple modular redundancy (TMR) is a widely used mitigation technique to protect FPGA circuits against single event upsets (SEUs). TMR, however, does not adequately protect signals that cross asynchronous clock domains. Signals which cross clock domains in TMR circuits may suffer from the combined effects of two failure modes: asynchronous sampling effects and SEUs. This paper analyzes and quantifies these problems. In addition, various solutions are proposed for designing safe synchronizers with TMR. Finally, the improvements in reliability provided by the proposed synchronizers are demonstrated by both mathematical modeling and fault injection testing on an FPGA circuit. It is shown that the proposed mitigated synchronizer designs provide between 6 and 10 orders of magnitude improvement in reliability compared to unmitigated designs.
Structural Interactions Between Amino Acid Residues at Positions 22 and 211 in the Tryptophan Synthetase Alpha Chain of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1974)

Construction and characterization of double mutants altered in the structural gene of the tryptophan synthetase alpha chain of Escherichia coli revealed interactions between amino acid residues at positions 22 and 211. These interactions are specific for the particular amino acid residue at position 211. The results indicate also that amino acid residues which appear to be functionally near-equivalent in one configuration may strongly influence the activity of a protein with a subsequent change at another site. Seven independent suppressors of trpA218 (Leu22-Ser211) were isolated. Their properties suggest that all seven may suppress the codon (AGU/C) for Ser211. Six of the seven are co-transducible with glyV, the structural gene for the GGU/C-specific tRNA(Gly).
Separations of Flavan-3-ols and Dimeric Proanthocyanidins by Capillary Electrophoresis (1998)

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC), using a phosphate buffer pH 7.0 and sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant, was found suitable for the separation of structurally similar flavan-3-ols and related dimeric proanthocyanidins. A total of 20 substances has been tested, 17 of which were successfully separated simultaneously in less than 7 minutes. Retention of the investigated compounds by the SDS micelles is affected by (i) the stereochemistry of the heterocycle of the flavan-3-ol skeleton, (ii) the molecular size, the number and position of free phenolic hydroxy groups, and (iii) the type of acyl residues attached at the C-3 hydroxy function. The method was successfully applied to the phytochemical analysis of tannin enriched extracts of Cistus incanus L. ssp. incanus and C. salvifolius L. (Cistaceae), two traditionally used medicinal plants.
Genome-Wide Identification of Genes Conferring Resistance to the Anticancer Agents Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin, and Mitomycin C (2004)

Cisplatin is a crucial agent in the treatment of many solid tumors, yet many tumors have either acquired or intrinsic resistance to the drug. We have used the homozygous diploid deletion pool of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, containing 4728 strains with individual deletion of all nonessential genes, to systematically identify genes that when deleted confer sensitivity to the anticancer agents cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and mitomycin C. We found that deletions of genes involved in nucleotide excision repair, recombinational repair, postreplication repair including translesional synthesis, and DNA interstrand cross-link repair resulted in sensitivity to all three of the agents, although with some differences between the platinum drugs and mitomycin C in the spectrum of required translesional polymerases. Putative defective repair of oxidative damage (imp2'Delta strain) also resulted in sensitivity to platinum and oxaliplatin, but not to mitomycin C. Surprisingly in light of their different profiles of clinical activity, cisplatin and oxaliplatin have very similar sensitivity profiles. Finally, we identified three novel genes (PSY1-3, "platinum sensitivity") that, when deleted, demonstrate sensitivity to cisplatin and oxaliplatin, but not to mitomycin C. Our results emphasize the importance of multiple DNA repair pathways responsible for normal cellular resistance to all three of the agents. Also, the similarity of the sensitivity profiles of the platinum agents with that of the known DNA interstrand cross-linking agent mitomycin C, and the importance of the gene PSO2 known to be involved in DNA interstrand cross-link repair strongly suggests that interstrand cross-links are important toxic lesions for cisplatin and oxaliplatin, at least in yeast.
Practical Ni-Catalyzed Aryl–Alkyl Cross-Coupling of Secondary Redox-Active Esters (2016)

A new transformation is presented that enables chemists to couple simple alkyl carboxylic acids with aryl zinc reagents under Ni-catalysis. The success of this reaction hinges on the unique use of redox-active esters that allow one to employ such derivatives as alkyl halides surrogates. The chemistry exhibits broad substrate scope and features a high degree of practicality. The simple procedure and extremely inexpensive nature of both the substrates and pre-catalyst (NiCl2·6H2O, ca. $9.5/mol) bode well for the immediate widespread adoption of this method.
Characterization of films of organofunctional silanes by ToF‐SIMS. Part II. Films of γ‐APS, AEAPS and FPS on cold‐rolled steel and cold‐rolled zinc substrates (1993)

Abstract The structure, composition and thickness of thin films of various functional silanes formed on cold‐rolled steel or cold‐rolled zinc surfaces have been studied by high‐resolution time‐of‐flight SIMS and AES. The silanes were γ‐APS (aminopropyltriethoxy silane), AEAPS [ N ‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyltrimethoxy silane] and FPS (perfluorinated propyltrimethoxy silane), which were deposited from dilute solutions by dipping or spin‐coating. Variables were the pH of the solution and the silane concentration. The objective of the studies presented here was to improve our understanding of the structure and orientation of silane films on metals, in view of possible applications of such coupling agents in areas where corrosion control and durable paint adhesion is required.
Arc lamp zone melting and recrystallization of Si films on oxidized silicon substrates (1982)

A high pressure mercury arc lamp focused into a narrow ribbon beam has been used to recrystallize thin films of polysilicon deposited on thermally grown silicon dioxide. The recrystallized films contain grains that are typically 0.5–1 mm in width and several centimeters long. Surface texture measurements show the crystallites to be almost entirely 〈100〉 in the plane of the film with the orthogonal 〈100〉 direction closely paralleling the scan direction.
On designing for usability: an application of four key principles (1986)

In a recent paper, Gould and Lewis (1983a) argued for the importance of four key principles in computer system design. These principles are: early focus on users, interactive design, empirical measurement, and iterative design. Gould and Lewis also express their belief that these principles are essential to successful design and refer to an example of their use (Gould and Lewis, 1983b). It is the purpose of this paper to report another example of how these principles played a major role and proved their worth in the design of a successful system.
Increased Malignancy of Neu-Induced Mammary Tumors Overexpressing Active Transforming Growth Factor β1 (2003)

To determine if Neu is dominant over transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), we crossed mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Neu mice with MMTV-TGF-beta1(S223/225) mice expressing active TGF-beta1 in the mammary gland. Bigenic (NT) and Neu-induced mammary tumors developed with a similar latency. The bigenic tumors and their metastases were less proliferative than those occurring in MMTV-Neu mice. However, NT tumors exhibited less apoptosis and were more locally invasive and of higher histological grade. NT mice exhibited more circulating tumor cells and lung metastases than Neu mice, while NT tumors contained higher levels of phosphorylated (active) Smad2, Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and p38, as well as vimentin content and Rac1 activity in situ than tumors expressing Neu alone. Ex vivo, NT cells exhibited higher levels of P-Akt and P-MAPK than Neu cells. These were inhibited by the TGF-beta inhibitor-soluble TGF-beta type II receptor (TbetaRII:Fc), suggesting they were activated by autocrine TGF-beta. TGF-beta stimulated migration of Neu cells into surrounding matrix, while the soluble TGF-beta inhibitor abrogated motility and invasiveness of NT cells. These data suggest that (i) the antimitogenic and prometastatic effects of TGF-beta can exist simultaneously and (ii) Neu does not abrogate TGF-beta-mediated antiproliferative action but can synergize with TGF-beta in accelerating metastatic tumor progression.
A New Photovoltaic Effect Observed for Metal‐coated Semiconductor Electrodes and Its Utilization for the Photolysis of Water (1976)

Abstract The photoelectrochemical behaviors of semiconductor (n‐GaP) electrodes coated with thin, semi‐transparent metal films have been studied. It has been found that the behavior of the n‐GaP electrode coated with gold at a low evaporation speed is quite different from that coated at a high evaporation speed. The former shows oxidation‐reduction waves similar to that of a gold electrode. The photocurrent‐potential curve observed for the latter electrode has an onset potential similar to that of a bare GaP electrode, but its photocurrent is quite steady and the electrode causes no anodic dissolution. A tentative model has been presented to explain the behavior of this new electrode, assuming that the metal film in this case is so coarse that the electrolyte solution can soak into it and reach the surface of the n‐GaP semiconductor. The usefulness of this new electrode is demonstrated by constructing an electrochemical photocell using this electrode, with which water can be photo‐decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen. This photo‐cell works under illumination in the visible region (λ < 550 nm), with the quantum yield of photocurrent of about 20–30% or more under illumination at 420 nm and 0.1 mW/cm 2 .
<title>White light interferometry</title> (2002)

White light interferometry is an extremely powerful tool for optical measurements. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of white light interferometry compared to laser light interferometry. Three different white light interferometers are discussed: 1) diffraction gratin interferometers; 2) vertical scanning or coherence probe interferometers, and 3) white light scatterplate interferometers.
Quinoxalines. XXVI. Reactions of 2-quinoxalinyl thiocyanate with nucleophiles. (1989)

2-Quinoxalinyl thiocyanate (1) possesses four electrophilic sites, i.e., 2-position, 3-position, sulfur and cyano carbon, to receive nucleophilic attack.Grignard reagents attacked preferentially the sulfur atom to give sulfides (8-12).These sulfides were readily oxidazed to sulfoxides (13-17) with sodium bromite in acetic acid.Hydroxide and ethoxide ions were found to attack preferably the cyano carbon to give thiol (2), while amines (butylamine, piperidine and morpholine) and ethyl cyanoacetate carbanion attacked the carbon at the 2-position to afford the corresponding ipso-substitution products (4-7).
Review Statistics review 3: Hypothesis testing and P values (2013)

The present review introduces the general philosophy behind hypothesis (significance) testing and calculation of P values. Guidelines for the interpretation of P values are also provided in the context of a published example, along with some of the common pitfalls. Examples of specific statistical tests will be covered in future reviews. Keywords hypothesis testing, null hypothesis, P value The previous review in this series described how to use confidence intervals to draw inferences about a population from a representative sample. A common next step in data analysis is calculation of P values, also known as hypothesis testing. Hypothesis testing is generally used when some comparison is to be made. This comparison may be a single observed value versus some hypothesized quantity (e.g. the number of babies born in a single delivery to mothers undergoing fertility treatment as compared with typical singleton birth), or it may