gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical Impedance imaging of the Thorax (1983)

In this paper, we propose to develop a new imaging technology, computerized impedance tomography (CIT) for imaging the thorax. Our study involves reconstructing images of thoracic transverse plane impedance distributions noninvasively and nondestructively and exploring the potential of CIT. We overcome the reconstruction problem due to nonlinear and nonplanar current paths in impedance imaging by solving Laplace's equation numerically for every iteration and by using a new back-projection algorithm to modify the impedance profile. We discuss advantages and disadvantages associated with impedance imaging, the computer model, and back-projection algorithms used in reconstructing impedance images. We present reconstructed impedance images with 8 projection angles and different projection methods. We identify important variables affecting the quality of reconstructed images, and discuss the resolution and accuracy of this imaging technique. We summarize numerical aspects, computer requirement, and limitations of impedance imaging. We also discuss the future of impedance imaging.
Formyl-Ended Heterobifunctional Poly(ethylene oxide): Synthesis of Poly(ethylene oxide) with a Formyl Group at One End and a Hydroxyl Group at the Other End (1995)

Well-defined poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with a formyl group at one end and a hydroxyl group at the other terminus was synthesized by the anionic ring opening polymerization of ethylene oxide (EO) with a new organometallic initiator possessing an acetal moiety, potassium 3,3-diethoxypropyl alkoxide. Hydrolysis of the acetal moiety produced a formyl group-terminated heterobifunctional PEO with a hydroxyl group at the other end.
Synthesis, Structural Studies, and Magnetic Exchange Interactions in Low-Valent Manganese Alkoxide Cubes (1996)

Tetranuclear manganese(II) alkoxide complexes were prepared from the reaction of MnCl2, a β-diketone, and lithium alkoxide in alcohol. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed the presence of a {Mn4(OR)4}4+ core structure with the metals occupying alternating vertices of a cube. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility data for 1−3 could be satisfactorily reproduced by assuming a spin Hamiltonian of the kind ℋ = J1[S1S4 + S2S3] + J2 [S1S2 + S1S3 + S2S4 + S3S4], with J1 ∼4 cm-1 and J2 ∼0.5 cm-1.
DE LOS ESTUDIOS CULTURALES A LA INTERDISCIPLINARIEDAD: LOS AVATARES DEL CAMPO DISCIPLINAR DE LA COMUNICOLOGÍA (2005)

El campo de la comunicología, como toda nueva disciplina,presenta interrogantes profundos a la hora de revisar alcances,límites y confluencias. Analizamos aquí la dificultad que traeaparejada la desformalización cuando no se ha pasado porperíodos e instancias previos de formalización. Los EstudiosCulturales y la interdisciplinariedad son la marca característicadel naciente campo. A través de su revisión y crítica esbozamoscomo alternativa plausible el volver a considerar la discusiónacerca de la disputa Totalidad vs. Acontecimiento,planteándonos qué tendría de positivo un pensamiento quehiciera de la totalidad su ángulo de mira.
System for<i>In Situ</i>UV-Visible Illumination of Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy Samples (2013)

A system for illuminating a sample in situ with visible and ultraviolet light inside a transmission electron microscope was devised to study photocatalysts. There are many mechanical and optical factors that must be considered when designing and building such a system. Some of the restrictions posed by the electron microscope column are significant, and care must be taken not to degrade the microscope's electron-optical performance or to unduly restrict the other capabilities of the microscope. We discuss the nature of the design considerations, as well as the practical implementation and characterization of a solution. The system that has been added to an environmental transmission electron microscope includes a high brightness broadband light source with optical filters, a fiber to guide the light to the sample, and a mechanism for precisely aligning the fiber tip.
The green and the grey: the differing professional development needs of early and mid/late career substance use workers (2021)

The alcohol and other drugs (AOD) sector has shown strong progress with regard to recognition, professionalism and international programs of training and credentialing. Yet little is known regarding the professional development (PD) needs of AOD workers, nor how these needs differ across career stages. Australian AOD workers (N = 812) from the government and non-government sectors completed an online survey. Early career workers (≤3 years’ AOD experience) were more likely than mid/late career workers to be non-government employed and earn less than the national average and were less likely to be AOD qualified and have permanent employment. Early career workers were more likely to nominate a need for PD in advanced clinical skills (86.3%, p ≤ .05), dual diagnoses/mental health (72.6%, p ≤ .001) and service delivery/partnerships/teamwork (66.4%, p ≤ .01). These findings highlight an urgent need for advanced skill development to accord with increasing complexity in AOD presentations. High quality care is founded on a skilled and experienced workforce; addressing the ubiquitous PD barriers of time, cost and access is a crucial workforce development priority best addressed through reform to systems of organisational funding, professional accreditation and curriculum development in AOD specialist and generalist health areas.
Radiofrequency Delivery Through a Cooled Catheter Tip Allows the Creation of Larger Endomyocardial Lesions in the Ovine Heart (1995)

Delivery of RF energy through a cooled catheter tip allows the creation of larger endomyocardial lesions by limiting the occurrence of impedance rise despite the delivery of greater energy. These observations suggest that, under certain conditions, resistive tissue heating at a distance from the site of current delivery may play an important role in RF ablation therapy.
Regulation of immunity in rats by lactogenic and growth hormones (1983)

Antibody formation to sheep red blood cells and the development of contact dermatitis in response to dinitrochlorobenzene are impaired in hypophysectomized (Hypo-X) rats. Rat prolactin, rat growth hormone, bovine prolactin, bovine growth hormone, human placental lactogen and human growth hormone all restored the immunological competence of Hypo-X animals. The possible mechanism of action of these hormones on immune reactions is discussed.
Intermixing of Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As/GaAs superlattices by pulsed laser irradiation (1987)

Intermixing of AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs superlattices is demonstrated utilizing laser pulses of a few nanosecond duration. Raman spectroscopy and sputter Auger profiling have been used to assess the degree of intermixing and residual damage in the laser irradiated samples. The results indicate that irradiating with the spatially uniform beam of the excimer laser generates a completely intermixed alloy with no detected residual damage. A thermal melting model is used to qualitatively describe the results.
Actions of the Novel Vasodilator, Flosequinan, in Isolated Ventricular Cardiomyocytes (1995)

Although the potent vasodilating effect of flosequinan is well characterised, the positive inotropic action reported is more varied and less well understood. We examined the contractile and electrophysiologic effects of flosequinan and its metabolite, BTS 53554, in cardiomyocytes from either adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) or New-Zealand White rabbits (2-2.5 kg) and compared the effects with those of sulmazole and enoximone [selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) III inhibitors], Ro 20-1724 and rolipram (selective PDE IV inhibitors) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, nonselective PDE inhibitor). Flosequinan and BTS 53554 had positive contractile effects (p < 0.05) in both rat and rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes only at the maximum concentration (10(-3) M). Differences were noted between species, however. Flosequinan 10(-3) M had a greater contractile effect than BTS 53554 (10(-3) M) in rabbit cardiomyocytes, but not in rat cardiomyocytes. We studied the interaction of flosequinan or the metabolite with other PDE inhibitors in rat cardiomyocytes. Contractile amplitudes were not significantly different with equimolar concentrations (3 x 10(-4) M) of Ro 20-1724, flosequinan, or BTS 53554 alone (15 +/- 6, 18 +/- 4, and 32 +/- 10%, respectively, greater than the mean basal dL value of 7.38 +/- 0.12%, mean +/- SE error). However, the combinations of Ro 20-1724 with flosequinan and Ro 20-1724 with BTS 53554 produced synergistic responses: 71 +/- 10 and 72 +/- 14%, respectively, greater than the mean basal dL value (p < 0.05). In contrast, the combinations of either flosequinan or BTS 53554 with IBMX or sulmazole produced no further increase in contractile amplitude. Neither flosequinan nor BTS 53554 produced any detectable increase in cyclic AMP, whereas significant increases were noted with Ro 20-1724, IBMX, and sulmazole (p < 0.05) in rat cardiomyocytes. Flosequinan increased beating frequency in rat isolated right auricles concentration dependently and was significant over the concentration range of 10(-5)-3 x 10(-4) M; flosequinan 3 x 10(-4) M maximally increased the mean frequency of beating by 35% of the predrug value (255 +/- 15 beats/min). Flosequinan had no effect on resting membrane potential, amplitude, or maximum upstroke velocity in rat isolated left ventricular (LV) papillary muscle, but at the maximum concentration (10(-3) M), flosequinan decreased action potential duration (APD) at 10, 50, and 75% of repolarization (p < 0.05). BTS 53554 produced no changes in AP characteristics over the concentration range of 10(-5)-10(-3) M.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Lignin Engineering in Forest Trees (2019)

Wood is a renewable resource that is mainly composed of lignin and cell wall polysaccharides. The polysaccharide fraction is valuable as it can be converted into pulp and paper, or into fermentable sugars. On the other hand, the lignin fraction is increasingly being considered a valuable source of aromatic building blocks for the chemical industry. The presence of lignin in wood is one of the major recalcitrance factors in woody biomass processing, necessitating the need for harsh chemical treatments to degrade and extract it prior to the valorization of the cell wall polysaccharides, cellulose and hemicellulose. Over the past years, large research efforts have been devoted to engineering lignin amount and composition to reduce biomass recalcitrance toward chemical processing. We review the efforts made in forest trees, and compare results from greenhouse and field trials. Furthermore, we address the value and potential of CRISPR-based gene editing in lignin engineering and its integration in tree breeding programs.
Write-to-read coupling (2002)

The design of the interconnect between the read/write heads and the read/write electronics in a disk drive is constrained by the head suspension. The resulting narrow spacing of the write and read lines and the open-line type interconnect that must be used can cause a considerable write-to-read coupling. In storage devices operating at high data rates, the transient voltages on the read line while writing can be large enough to cause electrical overstress of the read head and slow down the recovery from overdrive of the read amplifier. This paper analyzes the coupling mechanisms (magnetic and electrical) for the two write line propagation modes (differential and common). For the low-end of the frequency spectrum, this leads to closed-form lumped parameter expressions. To include the high end of the spectrum, network simulations are presented using distributed parameter coupling as well as distributed parameter write and read lines. The measurement of the severity of write-to-read coupling is discussed. Finally, the paper presents various ways of reducing this write-to-read coupling.
Chloroquine and inhibition of Toll-like receptor 9 protect from sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (2008)

Mortality from sepsis has remained high despite recent advances in supportive and targeted therapies. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense bacterial products and stimulate pathogenic innate immune responses. Mice deficient in the common adapter protein MyD88, downstream from most TLRs, have reduced mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI) from polymicrobial sepsis. However, the identity of the TLR(s) responsible for the host response to polymicrobial sepsis is unknown. Here, we show that chloroquine, an inhibitor of endocytic TLRs (TLR3, 7, 8, 9), improves sepsis-induced mortality and AKI in a clinically relevant polymicrobial sepsis mouse model, even when administered 6 h after the septic insult. Chloroquine administration attenuated the decline in renal function, splenic apoptosis, serum markers of damage to other organs, and prototypical serum pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-10. An oligodeoxynucleotide inhibitor (H154) of TLR9 and TLR9-deficient mice mirror the actions of chloroquine in all functional parameters that we tested. In addition, chloroquine decreased TLR9 protein abundance in spleen, further suggesting that TLR9 signaling may be a major target for the protective actions of chloroquine. Our findings indicate that chloroquine improves survival by inhibiting multiple pathways leading to polymicrobial sepsis and that chloroquine and TLR9 inhibitors represent viable broad-spectrum and targeted therapeutic strategies, respectively, that are promising candidates for further clinical development.
Governing Science: Questions and Challenges (1984)

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Rapid <i>in situ</i> silicification of microbes at Loburu hot springs, Lake Bogoria, Kenya Rift Valley (1998)

Microbial mats, located along the margins of hot‐spring pools and outflow channels at Lake Bogoria, Kenya, are commonly silicified forming friable laminated crusts. Columnar microstromatolites composed of silica and calcite are also forming at several springs in sites of oscillating water level or spray. Silicification of the microbes involves impregnation of organic tissue by very fine amorphous silica particles and encrustation by small (< 2 μm) silica spheroids. Rapid silicification of the microbes, which may begin while some are still alive, can preserve sheaths and in some examples, the filaments, capsules and cells. Although this provides evidence of their general morphology, the biological features that are required for taxonomic identifications are commonly poorly preserved. The silica precipitation results mainly from evaporative concentration and rapid cooling of spring waters that have been drawn upward through the mats and microstromatolites by capillary processes. Almost all the silica at the Loburu springs nucleates on microbial substrates. This affinity of silica for functional groups on microbial surfaces contributes to the rapid silicification of the microbes and their preservation in modern and ancient cherts.
Ultrasonic phased array testing in the power generation industry : novel wedge development for the inspection of steam turbine blades roots (2011)

The thesis presented herein comprises of the work undertaken to research novel methods\nof Phased array ultrasonic inspection of complex steam turbine blade roots as found in the\npower generation industry. The research was conducted as part of the Engineering Doctorate\nscheme, administered by the Research Centre for Non-Destructive Evaluation (RCNDE), in\nconjunction with RWE npower and the University of Warwick.\nSteam turbine blades, and in particularly last stage blades of low pressure steam turbines,\nare amongst the most highly stressed components on a power generating plant. Two of the\nmost common blade root fixing types include ‘curved axial entry fir tree roots’ (CAEFTR),\nand axial pinned roots, both of which are prone to cracking due to the high stresses to which\nthey are subjected under operating conditions. Failure of the blade root fixings of such\ncomponents, leading to the release of the blades, has historically led to the catastrophic\nfailure and destruction of the whole turbine; the cost of collateral damage to plant\ncomponents and the loss in generating income are seconded only by the risk these failures\npose to life. Due to the high price of failure, NDT plays a critical part in the support and\nmanagement of engineering maintenance, offering insight into the condition and integrity of\nturbine components through regular planned inspection regimes.\nIt will be shown in this thesis how the invention of a novel continuous wedge, used to\nrefract ultrasound into the critical regions of the blade roots, has significantly improved the\nability to detect defects. Combined with the development of bespoke scanning frames these\nwedges facilitate the efficient and accurate acquisition of scanned data to assess the integrity\nof the component. By combining the latest reverse engineering, modelling and simulation\ntools with novel application of rapid prototyping, the author has been able to demonstrate\nsignificant reduction in design cycles whilst improving accuracy, sensitivity and\nrepeatability of the applied inspections. Furthermore, application of this design philosophy\nhas led to the development of inspection techniques which have facilitated the inspection of\nremote regions of the blade roots where manual access is limited or impossible.\nThe developments and techniques invented during this research have been successfully\ndeployed across numerous RWE npower and customer projects, leading to estimated savings\nin excess of £1m.
What Is Theology? (1972)

One of the defining characteristics of theology, which it shares with philosophy in contrast to the special sciences, is that it necessarily includes reflection on its own conditions of possibility as a form of understanding. Thus the question of what theology is is itself a theological question, whose answer is subject to the same criteria of adequacy as any other theological statement. For reasons that will presently become clear, the theological understanding of theology peculiarly coincides with the philosophical, with the result that it is applicable in principle not only to Christian theology but also to the theological reflection cognate with any other witness of faith or religion. Moslem theology, for example, may be understood, mutatis mutandis, as the fully reflective understanding of Islam as similarly decisive for human existence.
Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and MSC Conditioned Medium in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) - In Vitro Evidence from Primary Motor Neuron Cultures, NSC-34 Cells, Astrocytes and Microglia (2013)

Administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) improves functional outcome in the SOD1G93A mouse model of the degenerative motor neuron disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as well as in models of other neurological disorders. We have now investigated the effect of the interaction between MSC and motor neurons (derived from both non-transgenic and mutant SOD1G93A transgenic mice), NSC-34 cells and glial cells (astrocytes, microglia) (derived again from both non-transgenic and mutant SOD1G93A ALS transgenic mice) in vitro. In primary motor neurons, NSC-34 cells and astrocytes, MSC conditioned medium (MSC CM) attenuated staurosporine (STS) - induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Studying MSC CM-induced expression of neurotrophic factors in astrocytes and NSC-34 cells, we found that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) gene expression in astrocytes were significantly enhanced by MSC CM, with differential responses of non-transgenic and mutant astrocytes. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in NSC-34 cells was significantly upregulated upon MSC CM-treatment. MSC CM significantly reduced the expression of the cytokines TNFα and IL-6 and iNOS both in transgenic and non-transgenic astrocytes. Gene expression of the neuroprotective chemokine Fractalkine (CX3CL1) was also upregulated in mutant SOD1G93A transgenic astrocytes by MSC CM treatment. Correspondingly, MSC CM increased the respective receptor, CX3CR1, in mutant SOD1G93A transgenic microglia. Our data demonstrate that MSC modulate motor neuronal and glial response to apoptosis and inflammation. MSC therefore represent an interesting candidate for further preclinical and clinical evaluation in ALS.
Somatic point mutations in <i>RUNX1/CBFA2/AML1</i> are common in high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome, but not in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (2004)

RUNX1 point mutations are common in high-risk MDS, but not in MMM. DHPLC is a useful technique for high-throughput analysis of RUNX1 mutation status in myeloid disorders, and may be complementary to screening via other methods.
A VLSI decimation filter for sigma-delta A/D converters (1994)

This paper describes a VLSI based on polyphase recursive allpass filter structures. The proposed architecture is found to be flexible, efficient and requires either comparable or less register and arithmetic resources than other architectures. Both the multirate decimation filter structure and the architecture proposed are very different from the popular architectures based on comb filters. It is believed that the flexibility of the architecture would make it attractive as a standard module in an ASIC library for a variety of applications that require oversampled A/D converters.
In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging with Ag<sub>2</sub>S Quantum Dots in the Second Near‐Infrared Region (2012)

Auf den Quantenpunkt gebracht: Ag2S-Quantenpunkte mit heller NIR-Fluoreszenz und einer Oberflächenbeschichtung aus verzweigtem PEG (siehe Schema) wurden für die Bildgebung in lebenden Kleintieren synthetisiert. Dank ihrer langen Zirkulationsdauer (ca. 4 h) wurden die QDs von Tumoren mit ungefähr 10 % der injizierten Dosis pro Gramm aufgenommen. Mäuse schieden die injizierten QDs hauptsächlich über den biliären Weg aus.
Capillary electrophoresis method for the analysis of inorganic anions, organic acids, amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates and other anionic compounds (2001)

A previously developed capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method with indirect UV detection for the simultaneous determination of inorganic and organic anions, amino acids and carbohydrates using 20 mM 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDC) as the background electrolyte was extended to allow determination of 206 anions including those above--mentioned and physiological amino acids, nucleotides, aromatic acids, haloacetic acids, alcohols, phosphorylated saccharides, oxyhalides, metal oxoacids, metal-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) complexes, forensic anions, Good's buffers and herbicides. Every compound could be analyzed and their electrophoretic mobility determined simply by selecting detection wavelength. This method is simple and universal for anion analysis, and could be readily applied to the simultaneous determination of anionic compounds. In this work, it was used to identify and quantify important anions in sea urchin and sake.