gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Greedy Learning of Gaussian Mixture Models (2003)

This article concerns the greedy learning of gaussian mixtures. In the greedy approach, mixture components are inserted into the mixture one after the other. We propose a heuristic for searching for the optimal component to insert. In a randomized manner, a set of candidate new components is generated. For each of these candidates, we find the locally optimal new component and insert it into the existing mixture. The resulting algorithm resolves the sensitivity to initialization of state-of-the-art methods, like expectation maximization, and has running time linear in the number of data points and quadratic in the (final) number of mixture components. Due to its greedy nature, the algorithm can be particularly useful when the optimal number of mixture components is unknown. Experimental results comparing the proposed algorithm to other methods on density estimation and texture segmentation are provided.
El título del territorio de los creoles de Bluefields y el gran canal interoceánico por Nicaragua (2017)

El artículo versa sobre el otorgamiento de un irregular título, de solo el 7% del territorio tradicional reclamado administrativamente por la Comunidad Negra Creole Indígena de Bluefields (La CNCIB) y entregado a un gobierno paralelo por el Presidente de la Republica el 29 de noviembre de 2016; facilitando así el megaproyecto del Gran Canal Interoceánico por Nicaragua (GCIN) cuya ruta ha sido planificada por el Estado sobre el territorio de La CNCIB. El artículo analiza el inicio del procedimiento administrativo para reivindicar el territorio tradicional de La CNCIB con antecedentes político-jurídicos de vinculación cultural e histórica sobre su territorio tradicional, por medio de títulos de propiedad colectivo otorgados en 1841, 1906 y 1934. Luego analiza como en lugar de entrar en una negociación técnica y jurídica el Estado promueve ilegalmente la creación del gobierno paralelo, y una vez debilitadas las instituciones tradicionales, usurpa la posición de la representante Creole en la Comisión Nacional de Demarcación y Titulación (CONADETI) y emite el título; dejando el 93% del territorio libre para el GCIN. Lo que aunado a la falta de protección judicial en las 10 acciones de amparo presentadas por la CNCIB documentando las violaciones al debido proceso legal, a la usurpación de sus autoridades y a su autodeterminación; La CNCIB presentó su demanda ante la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) según la normativa nacional e internacional pertinente que también analiza el artículo.
Random Walk with Restart over Dynamic Graphs (2016)

Random Walk with Restart (RWR) is an appealing measure of proximity between nodes based on graph structures. Since real graphs are often large and subject to minor changes, it is prohibitively expensive to recompute proximities from scratch. Previous methods use LU decomposition and degree reordering heuristics, entailing O(|ν| <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) time and O(|ν| <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) memory to compute all (|ν| <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) pairs of node proximities in a static graph. In this paper, a dynamic scheme to assess RWR proximities is proposed: (1) For unit update, we characterize the changes to all-pairs proximities as the outer product of two vectors. We notice that the multiplication of an RWR matrix and its transition matrix, unlike traditional matrix multiplications, is commutative. This can greatly reduce the computation of all-pairs proximities from O(|ν| <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) to O(|Δ|) time for each update without loss of accuracy, where |Δ| (≪|V| <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) is the number of affected proximities. (2) To avoid O(|V| <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) memory for all pairs of outputs, we also devise efficient partitioning techniques for our dynamic model, which can compute all pairs of proximities segment-wisely within O(I|V|) memory and O([|V|/l]) I/O costs, where 1 ≤ I ≤ |V| is a user-controlled trade-off between memory and I/O costs. (3) For bulk updates, we also devise aggregation and hashing methods, which can discard many unnecessary updates further and handle chunks of unit updates simultaneously. Our experimental results on various datasets demonstrate that our methods can be 1-2 orders of magnitude faster than other competitors while securing scalability and exactness.
Enabling GLOSA for adaptive traffic lights (2014)

Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA) systems aim at giving ideal target speed recommendations to the driver when approaching a traffic light to lower CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions (and fuel consumption) and to reduce the number of unnecessary stops. These systems have been shown to work well with static traffic light programs, unfortunately, a large portion of traffic lights in inner cities are adaptive and can change their behaviour with almost no lead time. This paper presents and validates (using field tests and simulation) a method to help overcome this problem and forecast fully and semi-adaptive traffic lights. First, we transformed the state graph of the traffic light controller into a transition graph focusing on signal changes and their occurrence probability. We then reduced routing possibilities within the graph using real life observations and recorded detector data of the traffic light. We further optimized our system in terms of needed storage and computationally efficiency. Our results show that in 80% of all cases we could predict signal changes 15s in the future with a high enough accuracy to enable GLOSA for adaptive traffic lights.
Image velocity estimation from trajectory surface in spatiotemporal space (2002)

A new framework and method, based on image motion trajectories in spatiotemporal space (x-y-t space), are proposed to estimate image velocity from an image sequence. We focus on the surfaces of the trajectories in the x-y-t space formed by the edges and contours of moving objects and obtain image velocity from the orientation of the intersection line formed by tangent planes on the trajectories. The proposed method includes two Hough transforms to detect the most dominant orientation in all possible intersection lines and reliably produces the dominant translational image velocity semi-locally. Also, the confidence measure of estimates is defined to decide the optimal size of patch that suppresses the aperture problem. Experimental results from several synthetic and real image sequences are presented to verify the effectiveness of the method and to confirm its robustness against noise and occlusion.
Device-free target tracking (2016)

Radio tomographic imaging (RTI) is a device-free target localization algorithm that has been developed recently. It uses received signal strength changes of links in a wireless sensor network as the input to identify the target location at a specific time. We can localize the target without attaching a device to it. Compared with other device-free localization methods, RTI is relatively low cost.\nThe objective of this project is to 1) implement radio tomographic imaging algorithms on simulated data and 2) apply a recursive Bayesian filter to infer target trajectories over time. Specifically, we have implemented the Kalman and particle filter. It is shown with computer simulations that both types are able to improve the accuracy of target trajectory estimates.
Thermolysis of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one (1970)

The thermolysis of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one gives quinazolino[3,2-c][1,2,3]benzotriazin-8-one, identified by hydrolysis and synthesis. Nucleophilic replacement reactions of the simple benzotriazinone readily provide substituted o-aminobenzoyl derivatives and ring-closed products resulting from these derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: NITRILE CYCLIZATION REACTIONS. IV. REACTION OF ARYLIDENEMALONONITRILES WITH 1,3‐DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS (1982)

Abstract Die Reaktion zwischen‐1,3‐Diketonen und Arylidenmalonitrilen bzw. Arylidencyanoessigestern wird untersucht.
Physical and biological properties of acetamidino-, beta-dimethylaminopropionamidino-, and maleyl-L-asparaginase. (1973)

Modification of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) with maleic anhydride, ethyl acetimidate, or methyl β-dimethylaminopropionimidate resulted in enzyme derivatives with altered isoelectric points. Catalytic activity was not significantly changed by these modifications; however, an unexpected covalent cross-linking of enzyme subunits was seen in β-dimethylaminopropionamidino-asparaginase. Although immunological studies in vitro indicated minor alterations in cross-reactivity between the native and modified enzymes, no immunological differences were apparent in vivo. The biological half-life of these enzymes increases with increasing isoelectric point, and this relationship was associated with enhanced therapeutic effectiveness in leukemic mice.
Fractalkine: A Survivor's Guide (2012)

Chemokines are a family of low-molecular-weight proteins essential to the directed migration of cells under homeostatic and pathological conditions. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is an unusual chemokine that can act as either a soluble or membrane-bound mediator and signals through the G protein-coupled chemokine receptor CX3CR1, expressed on monocytes, natural killer cells, T cells, and smooth muscle cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that fractalkine, in addition to its role in chemotaxis and adhesion of leukocytes, supports the survival of multiple cell types during homeostasis and inflammation. This review presents the evidence obtained from several disease models implying an antiapoptotic function for fractalkine and shows how this is relevant to the pathology of atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. We discuss whether the key role of fractalkine, unlike other chemokines, is the promotion of cell survival and whether this has implications for vascular disease.
SAR Analysis of Adenosine Diphosphate (Hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidinediol Inhibition of Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase (2003)

Polyadenosine diphosphoribose glycohydrolase (PARG) catalyzes the intracellular hydrolysis of adenosine diphosphoribose polymers. Because structure-activity data are lacking for PARG, the specific inhibitor adenosine diphosphate (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidinediol (ADP-HPD) was utilized to determine the effects of structure on inhibitor potency using PARG isolated from bovine thymus (bPARG) and recombinant bovine PARG catalytic fragment (rPARG-CF). Both enzymes were strongly inhibited by submicromolar levels of ADP-HPD, but ADP and the phosphorylated pyrrolidine displayed no activity. Utilizing ADP-HPD analogues containing 2-, N(6), or 8-adenosyl substituents or guanine instead of adenine, the importance of adenine ring recognition as well as a correlation between loss of PARG inhibition and the length and bulkiness of 8-adenosyl substituents was shown. Utilization of ADP-HPD analogues lacking one or both pyrrolidine cis-hydroxyls demonstrated their importance for inhibitor binding. Last, the similarity between naturally occurring bPARG and heterologously expressed rPARG-CF was demonstrated. Therefore, readily available rPARG-CF is suitable for use in future studies to determine the structural aspects of PARG.
Inorganic Nanoclusters with Fullerene‐Like Structure and Nanotubes (2001)

In this chapter, inorganic fullerene-like structures and inorganic nanotubes in particular are shown to be a generic structure of nanoparticles from inorganic layered (2D) compounds. Various synthetic approaches to obtain these structures are presented. In some cases, like IF-WS2, IF-MoS2, and V2O5 nanotubes, bulk synthetic methods are already available; however, size and shape control is still at its infancy. Study of these novel structures has led to the observation of a few interesting properties, and some potential applications in tribology, high-energy density batteries, and nanoelectronics have been demonstrated.
Creatine Therapy in Myophosphorylase Deficiency (McArdle Disease) (2000)

This is the first controlled study indicating that creatine supplementation improves skeletal muscle function in McArdle disease.
Fine Structure of Methane and Other Hydrocarbon-utilizing Bacteria (1970)

SUMMARY Methane-utilizing bacteria were examined by electron microscopy and found to possess complex membranous structures within the cytoplasm. Two types of membrane organization were recognized. One type consisted of pairs of membranes which either extended throughout the organism or were arranged at the periphery where they ran parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. The other type consisted of vesicular discs of membrane organized into bundles which were distributed throughout the organism. Bacteria utilizing C2 to C4 gaseous n-alkanes and C11 to C18 liquid n-alkane mixture did not possess such extensive membranous structures. The former contained membranous bodies of the mesosome type, whilst the latter possessed only a cytoplasmic membrane. These structural differences add to the growing list of properties separating CH4-utilizing bacteria from those utilizing C2 and higher n-alkanes.
Reduced-state sequence estimation with set partitioning and decision feedback (1988)

A reduced-state sequence estimator for linear intersymbol interference channels is described. The estimator uses a conventional Viterbi algorithm with decision feedback to search a reduced-state subset trellis that is constructed using set-partitioning principles. The complexity of maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) due to the length of the channel memory and the size of the signal set is systematically reduced. An error probability analysis shows that a good performance/complexity tradeoff can be obtained. In particular, the results indicate that the required complexity to achieve the performance of MLSE is independent of the size of the signal set for large enough signal sets. Simulation results are provided for two partial-response systems. A simple technique for quadrature partial-response signaling (QPRS) is described that eliminates the quasicatastrophic nature of the ML trellis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Example Overflow: Using social media for code recommendation (2012)

Modern Q&A websites, such as Stack Overflow, use social media to provide concise answers, and offer rich technical context with quality assessment capabilities. Although some of the answers may include executable code snippets, they are entangled in free text and are not easily extracted. Q&A websites are not designed for such direct code reuse. We present Example Overflow, a code search and recommendation tool which brings together social media and code recommendation systems. Example Overflow enables crowd-sourced software development by utilizing both textual and social information, which accompany source code on the Web. Its browsing mechanism minimizes the context switch associated with other code search tools. In this paper we describe the development of the tool, provide preliminary evaluation, and discuss its contribution to an example centric programming paradigm.
Serum Adiponectin Helps to Differentiate Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Young Asian Indians (2013)

Serum adiponectin is a useful biochemical marker for differentiating T1DM and T2DM among young Asian Indians.
Bit-Tactical (2019)

Weight and activation sparsity can be leveraged in hardware to boost the performance and energy efficiency of Deep Neural Networks during inference. Fully capitalizing on sparsity requires re-scheduling and mapping the execution stream to deliver non-zero weight/activation pairs to multiplier units for maximal utilization and reuse. However, permitting arbitrary value re-scheduling in memory space and in time places a considerable burden on hardware to perform dynamic at-runtime routing and matching of values, and incurs significant energy inefficiencies. Bit-Tactical (TCL) is a neural network accelerator where the responsibility for exploiting weight sparsity is shared between a novel static scheduling middleware, and a co-designed hardware front-end with a lightweight sparse shuffling network comprising two (2- to 8-input) multiplexers per activation input. We empirically motivate two back-end designs chosen to target bit-sparsity in activations, rather than value-sparsity, with two benefits: a) we avoid handling the dynamically sparse whole-value activation stream, and b) we uncover more ineffectual work. TCL outperforms other state-of-the-art accelerators that target sparsity for weights and activations, the dynamic precision requirements of activations, or their bit-level sparsity for a variety of neural networks.
Examination of conversion degree of composite insulating materials (2007)

Composite insulating materials have their important place in high-voltage insulating technology. The quality and high reliability of electrical devices is much affected by the curing level of these materials. Curing level is quantified by so-called degree of conversion and there are several possibilities how to determine this degree in practice. Attention is given mainly to kinetic analysis based techniques. Kinetic analysis use specific mathematic models, which work on the basis of Arrhenius law (kinetic analysis of thermal stability, isothermal kinetic analysis, Borchardt and Daniels kinetic analysis). The main objective is to compare results of selected methods; these data were subsequently verified via residual enthalpy measurement. Two composites (insulating tapes with different curing agent composed of glass fabric, mica and epoxy binder) were examined. The measurement carried out on simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), which allows the simultaneous measuring by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA). Obtained results highly refer to advantages and disadvantages of selected methods.
Gecko-inspired bidirectional double-sided adhesives (2014)

A new concept of gecko-inspired double-sided adhesives (DSAs) is presented. The DSAs, constructed by dual-angled (i.e. angled base and angled tip) micro-pillars on both sides of the backplane substrate, are fabricated by combinations of angled etching, mould replication, tip modification, and curing bonding. Two types of DSA, symmetric and antisymmetric (i.e. pillars are patterned symmetrically or antisymmetrically relative to the backplane), are fabricated and studied in comparison with the single-sided adhesive (SSA) counterparts through both non-conformal and conformal tests. Results indicate that the DSAs show controllable and bidirectional adhesion. Combination of the two pillar-layers can either amplify (for the antisymmetric DSA, providing a remarkable and durable adhesion capacity of 25.8 ± 2.8 N cm⁻² and a high anisotropy ratio of ∼8) or counteract (for the symmetric DSA, generating almost isotropic adhesion) the adhesion capacity and anisotropic level of one SSA (capacity of 16.2 ± 1.7 N cm⁻² and anisotropy ratio of ∼6). We demonstrate that these two DSAs can be utilized as a facile fastener for two individual objects and a small-scale delivery setup, respectively, complementing the functionality of the commonly studied SSA. As such, the double-sided patterning is believed to be a new branch in the further development of biomimetic dry adhesives.
Concurrent use of two-dimensional process and device simulators in the development of a latch-up free BiCMOS process (2002)

Use of two-dimensional process and device simulators in predicting the latch-up immunity of a BiCMOS process is described. Recent advances have resulted in the availability of a number of simulation tools such as PISCES in the device simulation area and others such as SUPRA and SUPREM-2, -3, and -4 in the process simulation area. SUPRA was used for process modeling, and PISCES-2B for device simulations. It is shown that despite SUPRA's limitations and restrictions in the sequential choice of process steps, with tricks and some help from one-dimensional SUPREM-3 results, satisfactory 2-D profiles can be obtained. Therefore, PISCES-2B receives a two-dimensional device structure with no manual interference. It is shown that the models developed yield not only the MOSFET characteristics but also the parasitic transistors gains. Results obtained from the simulation of the device under latch-up test conditions help the engineer to design latch-up-free CMOS and BiCMOS processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non-Coding RNAs in Pediatric Airway Diseases (2017)

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of numerous biological processes and pathways and therefore have been extensively studied in human diseases. Previous reports have shown that non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and aberrant regulation of respiratory diseases. The altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs in blood and also locally in sputum or exhaled breath condensate influences lung function, immune response, and disease phenotype and may be used for the development of biomarkers specific for airway disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent works studying the non-coding RNAs in airway diseases, with a particular focus on chronic respiratory diseases of childhood. We have chosen the most common chronic respiratory condition-asthma- and the most severe, chronic disease of the airways-cystic fibrosis. Study of the altered expression of non-coding RNAs in these diseases may be key to better understanding their pathogenesis and improving diagnosis, while also holding promise for the development of therapeutic strategies using the regulatory potential of non-coding RNAs.
Island Partition of Distribution System with Distributed Generators Considering Protection of Vulnerable Nodes (2017)

To improve the reliability of power supply in the case of the fault of distribution system with multiple distributed generators (DGs) and reduce the influence of node voltage fluctuation on the stability of distribution system operation in power restoration, this paper proposes an island partition strategy of the distribution system considering the protection of vulnerable nodes. First of all, the electrical coupling coefficient of neighboring nodes is put forward according to distribution system topology and equivalent electrical impedance, and the power-dependence relationship between neighboring nodes is calculated based on the direction and level of the power flow between nodes. Then, the bidirectional transmission of the coupling features of neighboring nodes is realized through the modified PageRank algorithm, thus identifying the vulnerable nodes that have a large influence on the stability of distribution system operation. Next, combining the index of node vulnerability, an island partition model is constructed with the restoration of important loads as the primary goal. In addition, the mutually exclusive firefly algorithm (MEFA) is also proposed to realize the interaction of learning and competition among fireflies, thus enhancing the globally optimal solution search ability of the algorithm proposed. The proposed island partition method is verified with a Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG and E) 60-node test system. Comparison with other methods demonstrates that the new method is feasible for the distribution system with multiple types of distributed generations and valid to enhance the stability and safety of the grid with a relatively power restoration ratio.