gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lateral diffusion of an 80,000-dalton glycoprotein in the plasma membrane of murine fibroblasts: relationships to cell structure and function. (1984)

The lateral diffusion of an 80,000-dalton major cell surface glycoprotein of murine fibroblasts has been measured. This antigen, identified through the use of monoclonal antibodies, is an integral glycoprotein distributed through the plasma membrane as judged by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy (see preceding paper). Measurements of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching were performed on the antigen-antibody complex within the plasma membrane of C3H/10T1/2 and NIH/3T3 cells after labeling the monoclonal antibody with fluorescein. Measurements were performed as a function of temperature, for interphase, mitotic, and G0 C3H/10T1/2 cells. The mean lateral diffusion coefficients (D) for the antibody-protein complex in interphase cells were in the range of 0.7-3.5 X 10(-10) cm2/s between 9 degrees and 37 degrees C, while that for the lipid analog probe, dihexadecylindocarbocyanine was about two orders of magnitude greater. This comparison indicates that peripheral interactions other than bilayer fluidity limit the lateral mobility of the antigen. The mobile fraction of mitotic, G0, and interphase cells showed a monotonic increase with temperature with most of the antibody-antigen complexes being free to move about 25 degrees C. Semi-quantitative interpretations of both the slow glycoprotein diffusion and the immobile fraction are offered. Comparison of diffusion coefficients for cells in different phases of the cell cycle does not reveal striking differences. Mobile fractions for G0 cells at 25 degrees C or less are substantially lower than in interphase cells. In all cases, there was a remarkably broad range of the fluorescence recovery data between different cells, resulting in up to a 10-fold variation in diffusion coefficients, which is far greater than the precision limits of the experiment. Diffusion values and mobile fractions were generally well within a factor of two when measured at several arbitrary points on a single cell. The origins of this cellular heterogenity remain to be elucidated. Lateral mobility in cell fragments and specific regions of single cells was also examined. The glycoprotein was mobile in ventral surface cell fragments. Its mobility was not altered in regions of cell-cell underlapping. However, the diffusion coefficient was threefold higher near the leading edge of motile cells compared to the trailing region. This difference may reflect weaker coupling of the glycoprotein to the underlying cytoskeleton in the dynamic leading edge region.
MyD88 signalling plays a critical role in host defence by controlling pathogen burden and promoting epithelial cell homeostasis during Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis (2007)

Myeloid differentiation factor (MyD)88, an adaptor protein shared by the Toll-interleukin 1 receptor superfamily, plays a critical role in host defence during many systemic bacterial infections by inducing protective inflammatory responses that limit bacterial growth. However, the role of innate responses during gastrointestinal (GI) infections is less clear, in part because the GI tract is tolerant to commensal antigens. The current study investigated the role of MyD88 following infection by the murine bacterial pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium. MyD88-deficient mice suffered a lethal colitis coincident with colonic mucosal ulcerations and bleeding. Their susceptibility was associated with an overwhelming bacterial burden and selectively impaired immune responses in colonic tissues, which included delayed inflammatory cell recruitment, reduced iNOS and abrogated production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 from MyD88-deficient macrophages and colons cultured ex vivo. Immunostaining for Ki67 and BrDU revealed that MyD88 signalling mediated epithelial hyper-proliferation in response to C. rodentium infection. Thus, MyD88-deficient mice could not promote epithelial cell turnover and repair, leading to deep bacterial invasion of colonic crypts, intestinal barrier dysfunction and, ultimately, widespread mucosal ulcerations. In conclusion, MyD88 signalling within the GI tract plays a critical role in mediating host defence against an enteric bacterial pathogen, by controlling bacterial numbers and promoting intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
Case 25-2014 (2014)

A 37-year-old man with ulcerative colitis was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal cramping, diarrhea, hematochezia, fever to a peak temperature of 38.8 °C, and drenching night sweats. Several weeks earlier, he had performed home fecal transplantation.
Liquid-crystalline glucamine derivatives (1992)

Abstract The aminoalditol glucamine was transformed into N-alkylated derivatives and also into ammonium salts of various organic acids. Studies of the liquid-crystalline properties revealed a series of novel smectic and discotic mesophases. Rules generally applicable to the occurrence of the various phases are presented.
Response of newly hatched chicks to inanition (1992)

Newly hatched chicks were kept for up to 48 hours without food and water and compared with a control group of chicks given access to food and water within six hours of hatching. The deprived chicks progressively lost body water and developed increases in plasma total protein concentration consistent with a decrease in plasma volume. They demonstrated a stronger motivation to drink and drank more when offered water, suggesting that they had become dehydrated. There was evidence, however, that normally access to food was necessary to initiate drinking. The deprived chicks continued to rely on fat metabolism to supply their energy needs whereas the fed birds showed rapid reductions in circulating levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate and increases in plasma glucose and liver glycogen concentrations, indicating a change to carbohydrate-orientated energy metabolism. The deprived chicks lost weight at an average of 0.14 g/hour and weighed 16.5 g less than the fed chicks after 48 hours.
Reflections on Political Economy (1974)

as engaged in to use the words of an earlier day political economy. This is more than a call for a greater overlay of common sense, uncharacteristic humility, and renewed attention to the analysis of policy issues; it is a call for an extension of institutional analysis beyond the firm and the union so that we might better understand and thereby affect economic decision-making by government. Present institutional arrangements
Posttranslational modifications distinguish the envelope glycoprotein of the immunodeficiency disease-inducing feline leukemia virus retrovirus (1989)

The envelope glycoprotein (gp70) of a molecularly cloned, replication-defective feline leukemia virus (FeLV-FAIDS clone 61C) carries determinants for induction of fatal immunodeficiency disease, whereas the gp70 of its companion replication-competent, probably parent virus (clone 61E) does not. Immunoprecipitation analysis of the extracellular glycoproteins of 61E and EECC, a replication-competent viral construct composed of the 61C env and 3' long terminal repeat fused to the 61E gag-pol genes, demonstrated that the gp70 of EECC could be distinguished from that of 61E by both feline immune serum and a murine monoclonal antibody. Molecular weights of both the envelope precursor polyprotein (gp80) and the mature extracellular glycoprotein (gp70) of 61E were smaller than the corresponding proteins from the pathogenic EECC. Both the molecular weight disparity and monoclonal antibody discrimination of the two gp80s were abolished by inhibition of envelope protein glycosylation with tunicamycin, whereas the apparent gp70 size differences were resolved by enzymatic removal of N-linked oligosaccharides. Pulse-chase studies in EECC-infected cells demonstrated that processing of gp80 to gp70 was delayed and that this retardation of envelope glycoprotein processing could be simulated in 61E-infected cells by treatment with the glucosidase inhibitor N-methyldeoxynojirimycin, a compound that causes retention of oligosaccharides in the high-mannose form. The resultant 61E gp70 then could be recognized by sera from EECC-immunized cats. The presence of a higher content of sialic acid on the apathogenic 61E gp70 indicated that oligosaccharides of 61E and EECC gp70 were processed differently. These data suggested that the unique biochemical properties which distinguish the envelope glycoproteins of the FeLV-FAIDS variant from its companion apathogenic parent virus were responsible for T-cell cytopathicity and induction of immunodeficiency disease. Further biochemical characterization of these glycoproteins should be useful in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of immunodeficiency disease induced by retroviruses.
Changes in Human Intracerebral Temperature in Response to Different Methods of Brain Cooling (1992)

The rectal, epidural, and intraventricular temperatures were continuously monitored in 10 seriously injured and unconscious patients admitted for neurosurgical intensive care. Different attempts were made to lower their brain temperatures. Isolated head cooling, whether with frozen liquid (Hypotherm Gel Kap; Flexoversal, Hilden, Germany) or a cooling helmet, had very limited effect. Nasopharyngeal cooling had no effect. During barbiturate coma, a considerable increase in brain temperature was observed. The administration of paracetamol was the single most effective method by which to lower brain temperature, at times by 2 degrees C and usually with a concomitant decrease in the temperature gradient between the rectum and the brain. However, in order to achieve a lasting reduction of brain temperature to 35 degrees C, we had to use a combination of head cooling and intensive whole-body cooling.
A FeFET Based Processing-In-Memory Architecture for Solving Distributed Least-Square Optimizations (2018)

HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> based ferroelectric FET (FeFET) has recently received great interest for its application in nonvolatile memory (NVM) [1]. Unlike conventional perovskite based ferroelectric materials, HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is CMOS compatible and retains ferroelectricity for thin film with thickness around 10 nm. Therefore, successful integration of ferroelectric HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> into advanced CMOS technology makes this technology highly promising for NVM [1]. Moreover, by tuning the portion of switched ferroelectric domain, a FeFET can exhibit multiple intermediate states, which enables its application as an analog conductance in mixed-signal in-memory computing. Currently, such architectures have been applied to neuromorphic computing [2], [3]. In this paper, we present a processing-in-memory (PIM) architecture with FeFETs and demonstrate how this can be used to solve a new class of optimization problems, in particular, distributed least square minimization.
REVIEWS (1957)

REVIEWS Get access De Structuur van de Henoch-traditie en het Nieuwe Testament. By C. P. VAN ANDEL. Pp. 131. Studia theologica rheno-traiectina, vol. II. Domplein, Utrecht: Kemink en Zoon, 1955. 20s. BRUCE M. METZGER BRUCE M. METZGER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume VIII, Issue 2, October 1957, Pages 297–299, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/VIII.2.297 Published: 01 October 1957
The Performance and Scientific Rationale for an Infrared Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrograph on a Large Space Telescope (1998)

ABSTRACT. We describe a concept for an imaging spectrograph for a large orbiting observatory such as NASA’s proposed Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) based on an imaging Fourier transform spectrograph (IFTS). An IFTS has several important advantages that make it an ideal instrument to pursue the scientific objectives of NGST. We review the operation of an IFTS and make a quantitative evaluation of the signal-to-noise performance of such an instrument in the context of NGST. We consider the relationship between pixel size, spectral resolution, and diameter of the beam splitter for imaging and nonimaging Fourier transform spectrographs and give the condition required to maintain spectral modulation efficiency over the entire field of view. We give examples of scientific programs that could be performed with this facility.
Modal Testing of Rotors with Fluid Interaction (1995)

Modal testing of rotating structures has specific aspects, and it requires a specialized approach. Classical modal testing when applied to active (rotating) structures does not provide complete results. These aspects, and specific application of sweep frequency circular input force perturbation testing of rotors rotating in fluid environment, are discussed in this paper.Emphasis is placed on nonsynchronous perturbation ofshafts rotating at a constant rotative speed. The results are presented in the direct and quadrature dynamic stiffness versus perturbation frequency formats, which permits the separation ofcomponents for easy evaluation. This perturbation technique provided new results: 1) identification of solid/fluid interaction modes; 2) identification of fluid dynamic forces in lightly loaded bearings and seals; and 3) multimode identification of rotor systems. Results of several laboratory rig experiments, the identification algorithm, and data processing techniques are discussed. A comparison with other testing methods is given.
Interaction of the progesterone receptor with binding proteins for FK506 and cyclosporin A. (1995)

T47D human breast carcinoma cells and the chicken oviduct were used to study the structure of the nonactivated progesterone receptor (PR) complex. Immunoprecipitation of PR (B form) from cytosol extracts was performed using monoclonal antibody PR6, a cross-reactive antibody prepared to chicken PR. Analysis of the PR complex by sodium dodecyl sulfate gels and Western immuno-blotting revealed the presence of several specific copurifying proteins. Consistent with previous reports, the two heat shock proteins, hsp90 and hsp70, were shown to be present. A third 59-kilodalton (kDa) protein observed previously was confirmed to be p59 (also called hsp56 or FKBP52), which has been shown to bind the immunosuppressant drug FK506. Two additional PR-associated proteins were observed that had not been previously recognized with human PR. These have molecular masses of 54-kDa and 23-kDa and have been shown by Western blotting to be related to the proteins p54 and p23 that are associated with chicken PR. P23 is a novel protein of unknown function and p54 or FKBP54 has been recently shown to be another FK506-binding protein related to p59. Finally, the cyclosporin A-binding protein, CyP-40, could be detected in isolated chicken PR complexes and in PR complexes that were reconstituted in vitro, but this protein was not detected in human PR complexes, which are less stable than chicken PR complexes in cytosol extracts. The functional significance of FK506 and cyclosporin A-binding proteins to hormone action was tested using a T47D cell line that contained a progestin reporter gene, MMTV-CAT. Treatment with cyclosporin A had no effect on the basal level of CAT expression, but it caused a dramatic increase in the sensitivity and magnitude of the response to the synthetic progestin, R5020. The enhanced response elicited by drug treatment was blocked by the antiprogestin RU486 indicating that this effect was receptor-mediated. While cyclosporin A enhanced progestin action in T47D cells, it inhibited a PR/reporter gene system in L cells. The drugs FK506 and rapamycin had no effect on progestin action in T47D cells, but they stimulated glucocorticoid action in T47D cells. Thus, the effects of these immunosuppressant drugs vary with the cell type and hormonal system that is tested. Whether these drug effects relate directly to the immunophilins bound in receptor complexes remains unknown.
Depression and Coronary Heart Disease in Women With Diabetes (2003)

In this sample of diabetic women, major depression was an independent risk factor that accelerated the development of CHD. Depression recognition and management may improve outcomes from diabetes in this gender subgroup.
Protease-Activated Receptor Signaling Increases Epithelial Antimicrobial Peptide Expression (2004)

Epithelial tissues provide both a physical barrier and an antimicrobial barrier. Antimicrobial peptides of the human beta-defensin (hBD) family are part of the innate immune responses that play a role in mucosal defense. hBDs are made in epithelia including oral epithelium where the bacterial load is particularly great. hBD-2 and hBD-3 are up-regulated in response to bacterial stimuli. Previous studies show that hBD-2 expression in human gingival epithelial cells (GEC) is stimulated by both nonpathogenic and pathogenic bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative pathogen associated with periodontitis. Present evidence suggests that hBD-2 expression in GEC uses several signaling pathways, including an NF-kappaB-mediated pathway but without apparent LPS-TLR4 signaling. Protease-activated receptors (PAR) are G-protein-coupled receptors that mediate cellular responses to extracellular proteinases. P. gingivalis secretes multiple proteases that contribute to its virulence mechanisms. To determine whether PAR signaling is used in hBD-2 induction, GEC were stimulated with wild-type P. gingivalis or mutants lacking one or more proteases. hBD-2 mRNA expression was reduced in GEC stimulated with single protease mutants (11-67% compared with wild type), strongly reduced in double mutants (0.1-16%), and restored to wild-type levels (93%) in mutant with restored protease activity. Stimulation by wild type was partially blocked by inhibitors of phospholipase C, a main signaling pathway for PARs. Expression of hBD-3 was unaffected. Peptide agonist of PAR-2, but not PAR-1 activator, also induced hBD-2 in GEC. Thus, P. gingivalis proteases are directly involved in regulation of hBD-2 in cultured GEC, and this induction partially uses the PAR-2 receptor and signaling pathway.
A modified model-based error diffusion (1997)

This paper proposes a modified dot-overlap printer model used in error diffusion. It can reduce the distortion due to the dot-overlap effect introduced in laser printers. In the modified model-based error diffusion, multipass is not required and the bias in the gray scale of the printed images can be entirely eliminated.
All- <i>trans</i> -Retinoic Acid Prevents Radiation- or Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis (2006)

These data may provide a rationale to explore clinical use of ATRA for the prevention of radiation-induced lung fibrosis and other pathologic conditions involving pulmonary fibrosis.
Note: Experiments in hard x-ray chemistry: <i>In situ</i> production of molecular hydrogen and x-ray induced combustion (2012)

We have successfully loaded H(2) into a diamond anvil cell at high pressure using the synchrotron x-ray induced decomposition of NH(3)BH(3). In a second set of studies, radiation-assisted release of O(2) from KCLO(3), H(2) release from NH(3)BH(3), and reaction of these gases in a mixture of the reactants to form liquid water using x-rays at ambient conditions was observed. Similar observations were made using a KCLO(3) and NaBH(4) mixture. Depending on reaction conditions, an explosive or far slower reaction producing water was observed.
The Role of Hypoxia in Vascular Injury and Repair (2008)

Although the terms ischemia and hypoxia are often used interchangeably, they represent distinct processes that result in different modulatory effects at the cellular level. Hypoxia is a reduction in oxygen delivery below tissue demand, whereas ischemia is a lack of perfusion, characterized not only by hypoxia but also by insufficient nutrient supply. Hypoxia can be either acute or chronic, and both are centrally regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor, a transcription factor that governs the expression of key response genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin. Whereas severe chronic hypoxia can cause cell death, less-severe hypoxia can protect against subsequent damage, a phenomenon known as hypoxic conditioning. Several important processes are characterized by hypoxia, including ischemia-reperfusion, tumor growth and progression, inflammation, myocardial ischemia, and a number of ocular pathologies.
Fimbrin in podosomes of monocyte‐derived osteoclasts (1997)

Fimbrin, an actin-bundling protein, is a component of the osteoclast adhesion complexes called podosomes. In this study, we (1) determined the localization of fimbrin in the mature rabbit osteoclast as well as in differentiating osteoclasts using the avian monocyte-derived osteoclast differentiation model, (2) characterized the distribution and accumulation of three fimbrin isotypes (T, L, and I) in avian monocytes as they fused to form multinucleate osteoclast-like cells, and (3) report for the first time, a close spatial relationship between podosomes and microtubules using fimbrin as a marker of the podosome. Immunofluorescence using anti-T-fimbrin, anti-L-fimbrin, and pan-isotype-anti-fimbrin antibodies, showed that fimbrin is an integral component of the podosome core in the mature rabbit osteoclast and in the monocyte-derived osteoclast throughout differentiation. Anti-I-fimbrin, however, did not show immunoreactivity in these cultures. These studies also show that in the avian model of monocyte-derived osteoclast differentiation, day 2 cells (D2) are predominantly mononucleate and have few podosomes. By days 4 and 6 in culture (D4 and D6), many cells have fused and punctate rows of podosomes are commonly observed at cell margins. Analysis by Western blot of protein accumulation showed that after an initial small rise from D2 to D4, L-fimbrin levels remained relatively constant from D4 to D6. However, T-fimbrin protein levels increase steadily from D2 to D6, suggesting that it may be related to the increase in podosome formation as monocytes fuse to form osteoclasts. Finally, we examined the distribution of podosomes relative to other cytoskeletal elements such as microtubules and intermediate filaments. Double immunofluorescence labeling using anti-fimbrin and anti-tubulin showed podosomes lying adjacent to microtubules at cell margins. When osteoclasts were treated with nocodazole (1 × 10−6 M) to disrupt microtubules, the distribution of podosomes became more random and was no longer confined to the cell periphery. These results suggest that microtubule-podosome interactions may play a role in osteoclast adhesion. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 37:308–325, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Communication efficient adaptive matrix transpose algorithm for FFT on symmetric multiprocessors (2005)

Computing fast Fourier transform (FFT) on parallel computers has the same communication requirement to transpose matrices one or more times. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm (the adaptive matrix-transpose algorithm) for transposing matrices, which is based on all-to-all communication. The adaptive matrix-transpose algorithm is efficient since it minimizes the overhead associated with transposing matrices by adaptively choosing the suitable radix based on data size, number of processors, start-up time, and the effective bandwidth. We study the effect of the adaptive matrix-transpose algorithm on the 6-step 1-D FFT using symmetric multiprocessors (SMP).