gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic and Molecular Imaging at the Single-Cell Level with TOF-SIMS (1997)

A complete cold chain freeze-fracture methodology has been developed to test the feasibility of using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) imaging for the molecular analysis of frozen hydrated biological samples. Because the technique only samples the first few monolayers of a sample, water on the surface of a sample can be a major source of interference. This problem can be minimized by placing a cold trap (fracture knife and housing at -196 degrees C) near the fractured sample that is held at a warmer temperature (-97 to -113 degrees C). This results in removal of surface water and prevents condensation on the surface. Although this approach is effective, it has been found that sample warming needs to be carefully controlled due to the volatility of other matrix molecules and the morphological effects imparted onto the cell surface during drying. By utilizing the above handling technique, it has been possible to demonstrate for the first time that TOF-SIMS imaging technology can be used to obtain images of molecular species across a cell surface with a submicrometer ion probe beam. Images of small hydrocarbons and the deliberately added dopants DMSO and cocaine have been obtained with TOF-SIMS of the single-cell organism Paramecium.
Malabsorption and nutritional abnormalities in patients with liver cirrhosis. (1990)

Cirrhotic patients often present muscle and adipose tissue depletion as well as reduced visceral protein concentration. Impaired absorption of nutrients may contribute to this altered nutritional status. To verify this hypothesis fecal fat excretion, intestinal mucosal function evaluated by means of the combined sugar oral load test, and intestinal clearance of alpha-1-Antirypsin were studied in 25 cirrhotic patients with clinical and biochemical signs of liver insufficiency and with portal hypertension. About 50% of the patients showed clinical evidence of malnutrition. Three of the 12 well-nourished, and 8 of the 13 malnourished patients presented significant steatorrhoea. Cirrhotics showed no impairment in mediated malabsorption and in passive permeability, as plasma D-xylose/3-O-methyl-glucose concentration and urinary lactulose/L-rhamnose excretion ratios were within the normal range. An increased value of alpha-1-Antitrypsin clearance was found only in two patients. These findings indicate that fat malabsorption is frequent in cirrhotic patients, particularly when malnourished, and does not depend on the presence of mucosal intestinal damage.
Power generating device using compound magnetic wire (2000)

A new method of generating power using compound magnetic wires is proposed. The coercive force of twisted Vicalloy (40Fe–50Co–10 V) wire is about 20 Oe in the outer shell near the surface and 60 Oe in the inner core. By applying an external magnetic field to the wire, a pulse voltage, owing to a large Barkhausen jump, is induced in a search coil wound around the wire. The voltage of 4 V for 1.2 ms was obtained with a bundle of 150 compound magnetic wires and a 2000 turn search coil.
Optimization of multilayer reflectivity and bandpass for soft to hard x-ray applications [0.1–200 keV] (1996)

In the last decades, the major motivation for manufacturing multilayer mirrors has been in soft x-ray applications, particularly for astronomy, microlithography, and polarimetry. The advent of high energy synchrotron storage rings has provided a new significant impetus emphasizing high energy applications and especially when flux, rather than resolution, is desired. In this paper we present the reflection properties of the most promising multilayer material combinations for the energy range from 0.1 keV up to 200 keV. Previous calculations by Rosenbluth were limited to a maximum of 2 keV and to multilayers composed of pure elements and operating under normal incidence. As alloys might be essential for a smooth growth and/or for stability under high heat load, our screening consisted of a list of up to 300 solids having a melting point above 100°C and that could be deposited in a sputtering process. A full computer search calculates 45000 multilayer combinations for each angle (or multilayer d-spacing) and energy of operation, the only necessary input variables. Other manufacture-related parameters can be specified to give a more realistic picture of the performance. As the number of layers is often limited, a nonperiodic design could minimize absorption effects.
Dropout-Tolerant TTP-Free Mental Poker (2005)

Abstract. There is a broad literature on distributed card games over communications networks, collectively known as mental poker. Likein any distributed protocol, avoiding the need for a Trusted Third Party (TTP) in mental poker is highly desirable, because really trusted TTPs are not always available and seldom free. This paper deals with the player dropout problem in mental poker without a TTP. A solution based on zero-knowledge proofs is proposed. While staying TTP-free, our proposal allows the game to continue after player dropout.
New Environmentally Safe High-Temperature Water-Based Drilling-Fluid System (1999)

Summary A new, environmentally safe water-based polymer system has been developed for drilling applications with temperatures up to 232°C (450°F) and high pressures. The system components are newly developed synthetic polymers that do not contain chromium or other environmentally harmful materials. These new synthetic polymers are designed to perform specific functions at high temperatures and the innovative designs of these thermally stable polymers allow for the use of a minimum number of products in the formulation of high-temperature fluids. The new system consists of two basic polymeric components for rheology and filtration control at high temperatures. High- temperature fluid formulations are greatly simplified utilizing this new system, with only the two polymeric components being required, along with a pH control additive, weight material, and small amounts of clay for filler cake quality. This simplicity is a significant advantage over "traditional" high-temperature systems, which normally require the use of a large number of additives to control or limit the effects of thermal degradation. The new system may be formulated with fresh water or sea water, providing flexibility for a variety of drilling environments. Excellent resistance to common contaminants, such as calcium and magnesium hardness and solids accumulation, is another important characteristic of this new system. This paper will review the previous state of the art with respect to high-temperature, water-based muds and will generically discuss the unique chemistry of the newly developed polymer system components. System formulation and application will be discussed.
Evidence-based management of sickle cell disease in the emergency department. (2011)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common genetic disease in the US, affecting approximately 100,000 individuals. In SCD, genetically mutated hemoglobin (HbS) forms rigid polymers when deoxygenated, giving red blood cells a characteristic sickled shape. Increased blood viscosity and cell adhesion produce intermittent vaso-occlusion. The vaso-occlusive phenotype of SCD, which is marked by higher hemoglobin, manifests with frequent painful crises and is associated with a higher risk for developing acute chest syndrome. The hemolytic phenotype is characterized by lower baseline levels of hemoglobin and elevated markers of hemolysis. There are no reliable markers of vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), ie, vital signs and laboratory tests are normal. After intravenous (IV) opiate titration, patient-controlled anesthesia (PCA) pumps are encouraged. Excess IV fluids have been associated with development of atelectasis, a risk factor for acute chest syndrome. Acute chest syndrome has clinical symptoms similar to pneumonia; these patients will develop progressive hypoxemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death if exchange transfusion is not initiated.
Actor-Oriented Modeling and Simulation of Sliding Window Image Processing Algorithms (2007)

Embedded real-time image processing systems have to process huge amounts of data with limited resources and energy. Hence high efficiency is not only required for manual, but also for automatic system generation. Therefore, in order to allow for different optimizations, a system specification must be such that important algorithm properties are accessible to the system design software. In this paper, we present a new method how multidimensional image processing algorithms can be modeled by actor-oriented dataflow semantics. Using the example of a binary morphological reconstruction, we investigate the modeling requirements posed by point, local and global image processing algorithms. We show how they can be taken into account in our approach, so that efficient implementation and analysis in terms of buffer size and throughput is possible. In particular, by the explicit specification of the communication behavior, both static and data dependent algorithms are supported allowing for a complete system specification.
Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid in the Loss of Substance with Bone Exposure (2011)

: These data confirm the evidence of using PRP technology in the healing of both soft- and hard-tissue wounds. Moreover, the satisfaction of the patient confirms the quality of this study's results.
Direct assessment of peripheral pharmacokinetics in humans: comparison between cantharides blister fluid sampling, in vivo microdialysis and saliva sampling (1998)

Aims Skin blister fluid sampling, in vivo microdialysis and saliva sampling are commonly employed as surrogates for the measurement of drug concentrations in peripheral compartments. Although expected to exhibit comparable results, data derived from these techniques have never been directly compared. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the comparability of these techniques. Methods Paracetamol, a model drug with low protein binding, was administered to seven healthy volunteers at an oral dose of 2000 mg. Subsequently, tissue kinetics were measured simultaneously in cantharides induced skin blisters, microdialysates of subcutaneous‐ and skeletal muscle‐tissue and saliva and compared to serum concentrations. Results Mean ratio (AUC blister /AUC serum ) was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.50–1.26), mean ratio (AUC muscle /AUC serum ) was 1.08 (0.67–1.49), mean ratio (AUC subcutaneous /AUC serum ) was 0.96 (0.41–1.51) and mean ratio (AUC saliva /AUC serum ) was 1.83 (1.39–2.27). In this study the concentration profiles after single oral administration differed among the three methods. The time course of the concentration peripheral compartment /concentration serum ‐ratios showed that cantharides blister and microdialysate concentrations closely paralleled serum levels. An equilibration period of less than 2 h had to be taken into account for blister measurements. In contrast, saliva concentrations were significantly higher than corresponding serum concentrations. Conclusions Skin blister sampling and microdialysis closely mirrored corresponding serum concentrations and, thus, proved to be suitable techniques for the assessment of peripheral compartment pharmacokinetics. In contrast, saliva data overestimated the corresponding serum concentrations.
Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by Cobaloximes (2009)

Natural photosynthesis uses sunlight to drive the conversion of energy-poor molecules (H(2)O, CO(2)) to energy-rich ones (O(2), (CH(2)O)(n)). Scientists are working hard to develop efficient artificial photosynthetic systems toward the "Holy Grail" of solar-driven water splitting. High on the list of challenges is the discovery of molecules that efficiently catalyze the reduction of protons to H(2). In this Account, we report on one promising class of molecules: cobalt complexes with diglyoxime ligands (cobaloximes). Chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical methods all have been utilized to explore proton reduction catalysis by cobaloxime complexes. Reduction of a Co(II)-diglyoxime generates a Co(I) species that reacts with a proton source to produce a Co(III)-hydride. Then, in a homolytic pathway, two Co(III)-hydrides react in a bimolecular step to eliminate H(2). Alternatively, in a heterolytic pathway, protonation of the Co(III)-hydride produces H(2) and Co(III). A thermodynamic analysis of H(2) evolution pathways sheds new light on the barriers and driving forces of the elementary reaction steps involved in proton reduction by Co(I)-diglyoximes. In combination with experimental results, this analysis shows that the barriers to H(2) evolution along the heterolytic pathway are, in most cases, substantially greater than those of the homolytic route. In particular, a formidable barrier is associated with Co(III)-diglyoxime formation along the heterolytic pathway. Our investigations of cobaloxime-catalyzed H(2) evolution, coupled with the thermodynamic preference for a homolytic route, suggest that the rate-limiting step is associated with formation of the hydride. An efficient water splitting device may require the tethering of catalysts to an electrode surface in a fashion that does not inhibit association of Co(III)-hydrides.
Pitch and MFCC dependent GMM models for speaker identification systems (2004)

Recently, we proposed an approach to speaker identification which jointly exploits vocal tract and glottis source information. The approach synchronously takes into account the correlation between the two sources of information. The proposed theoretical model, which uses a joint law, is presented. Some restrictions and simplifications are taken into account to show the significance of this approach in practical way. The fundamental frequency and MFCCs (Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients) are used to represent the information of the source and the vocal tract, respectively. The probability density of the source, in particular, was considered to obey a uniform law. Tests were carried out with only female speakers from a speech telephony database (SPIDRE) recorded from various telephone handsets. It is proposed to model the source information by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) rather than the uniform probabilistic model. Tests were extended to all speakers of the SPIDRE database; four systems were proposed and compared. The first is a baseline system based on the MFCC and does not use any information from the source. The second examines only the voiced segments of the vocal signal. The last two relate to the suggested approaches according to the two techniques. The source information is found to follow a normal distribution in one technique and a log normal distribution in the other. With the proposed approach, the gain in performance is 10.5% for women, 7% for men and 8% for all speakers.
Periodic cycling of plate columns: Discrete residence time distribution (1976)

Abstract The discrete residence time distribution applies to systems under periodic control. A system consisting of a plate column has been modeled to allow the generation of the discrete residence time distribution. The parameters in the model have been evaluated by measurements of entrainment, holdup, and the step response of the column under direct computer control. A least‐squares minimization technique provided confirmation of the modeling procedures.
Optical bistability in InSb at room temperature with two-photon excitation (1983)

We report the observation of optical bistability in an InSb resonator at room temperature. This effect and fringe shifts were caused by nonlinear refraction induced by two-photon absorption of radiation from a single longitudinal mode injection-locked pulsed CO2 laser operating at 9.6–10.6 μm. Intensities as low as 100 kW/cm2 were found to be sufficient to tune the 250-μm-thick cavity through a fringe maximum. From our results we deduce a value of χ(3) of the order of 10−4 esu over the range of intensities investigated.
Feasibility study of the approach to flare, shadowing, optical and process corrections for EUVL OPC (2009)

The switch from 193i to EUV Photolithography will bring some fundamental changes in exposure. The flare levels of an EUV machine are significantly higher compared with standard 193i machines. Moreover shadow effects on the reticle are not equivalent to 193i. It is inevitable that these fundamentals require modifications in the Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) flow. In this paper in collaboration with ASML BRION the critical enabling steps of the Mask Data Preparation (MDP) for EUVL, Flare, Shadowing and Optical and Process Corrections (OPC), are investigated. We measured the needs of the EUV MDP flow against the capabilities of a state-of-the art OPC flow built for 193i. Adaptations are being made to implement features which are currently not available in a 193i based flow. We present a feasibility study of the Model Based approach to the EUV OPC on a wide selection of features. Also we demonstrate simulations and verification of the EUV modeling capabilities of the TachyonTM with various levels and ranges of flare and prove the applicability of the reviewed approach to the process development for the 27nm EUV node.. We also evaluated the accuracy of the EUV OPC modeling and expected OPC corrections on the reviewed selection of clips as a substantial part of the overall CDU budget. Finally an overall EUV OPC flow as a manufacturable solution based on the Tachyon's predictions and ASML's knowledge of Photolithography was discussed.
The Pathology of Endometriosis (2007)

Although the histologic diagnosis of endometriosis is usually straightforward, many diagnostic problems can arise as a result of alterations or absence of its glandular or stromal components. The diagnostic difficulty in such cases can be compounded by tissue that is limited to a small biopsy specimen. The appearance of the glandular component can be altered by hormonal and metaplastic changes, as well as cytologic atypia and hyperplasia. Although the last 2 findings are often referred to collectively as "atypical endometriosis," they should be separately recognized as their premalignant potential likely differs. In some cases, the endometriotic glands are sparse or even absent (stromal endometriosis). The stromal component can be obscured or effaced by infiltrates of foamy and pigmented histiocytes, fibrosis, elastosis, smooth muscle metaplasia, myxoid change, and decidual change. Occasional findings in endometriosis that may raise concern for a neoplasm include necrotic pseudoxanthomatous nodules, polypoid growth (polypoid endometriosis), bulky disease, and venous, lymphatic, or perineural invasion. Inflammatory and reactive changes within, adjacent to, or at a distance from foci of endometriosis can complicate the histologic findings and include infection within endometriotic cysts, pseudoxanthomatous salpingitis, florid mesothelial hyperplasia, peritoneal inclusion cysts, and Liesegang rings. The histologic diagnosis of endometriosis can also be challenging when it involves an unusual or unexpected site. Five such site-specific problematic areas considered are endometriosis on or near the ovarian surface, superficial cervical endometriosis, vaginal endometriosis, tubal endometriosis, and intestinal endometriosis, including the important distinction of an endometrioid carcinoma arising from colonic endometriosis from a primary colonic adenocarcinoma. Finally, endometriotic foci can occasionally be intimately admixed with another process, such as peritoneal leiomyomatosis or gliomatosis, resulting in a potentially confusing histologic appearance.
Erlotinib Resistance in Lung Cancer Cells Mediated by Integrin β1/Src/Akt-Driven Bypass Signaling (2013)

EGF receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitors, including gefitinib and erlotinib, exert potent therapeutic efficacy in non-small cell lung cancers harboring EGFR-activating mutations. However, most patients ultimately develop resistance to these drugs. Here, we report a novel mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the reversal of which could improve clinical outcomes. In erlotinib-resistant lung cancer cells harboring activating EGFR mutations that we established, there was increased expression of Src, integrin β1, α2, and α5 along with enhanced cell adhesion activity. Interestingly, RNAi-mediated silencing of integrin β1 restored erlotinib sensitivity and reduced activation of Src and Akt after erlotinib treatment. Furthermore, Src silencing inhibited Akt phosphorylation and cell growth, with this inhibitory effect further augmented by erlotinib treatment. Increased expression of integrin β1, α5, and/or α2 was also observed in refractory tumor samples from patients with lung cancer treated with erlotinib and/or gefitinib. Together, our findings identify the integrin β1/Src/Akt signaling pathway as a key mediator of acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted anticancer drugs.
Geoestratégia dos espaços econômicos:transformação e poder no sítio portuárioretroportuário do Rio Grande-RS (2000)

O presente artigo analisa a redefinição e a nova geoestratégia da área portuáriaretroportuária do município do Rio Grande (RS), bem como as manifestações de poder que emergem do lugar-global. As operações portuárias em Rio Grande caracterizam o novo modelo de gestão, a partir do momento em que foram transferidas à iniciativa privada a operacionalização dos grandes terminais carga/ descarga do Porto do Rio Grande. A internacionalização dos terminais e mais a passagem do controle acionário das empresas da área retroportuária contígua para o capital multinacional, modelaram o novo espaço global e nele as novas relações de poder. Recomenda-se o aprofundamento de estudos quanto ao novo modelo de parceria público/privado e, particularmente, das influências de poder sobre os territórios que caracterizam lugares-globais.
Log-scaling watermark detection in digital audio watermarking (2004)

A pitch-scaling modification of a watermarked signal is a severe attack on audio watermarking techniques. In particular, watermarking techniques using a pseudonoise (PN) sequence as a secret key are fragile in the face of this modification because of the desynchronization between the original and embedded PN sequences. We, therefore, propose a log-scaling watermark detection method to cope with this problem. This method is based on a general logarithm operation in the frequency or quefrency axis in the decoding process. This method is also advantageous in that no other modification of the original embedding process is necessary. The validity of the proposed log-scaling watermark detection method is evaluated by employing the time-spread echo method as an example of such a watermarking technique.
Au@Pt Nanoparticle Encapsulated Target‐Responsive Hydrogel with Volumetric Bar‐Chart Chip Readout for Quantitative Point‐of‐Care Testing (2014)

Point-of-care testing (POCT) with the advantages of speed, simplicity, portability, and low cost is critical for the measurement of analytes in a variety of environments where access to laboratory infrastructure is lacking. While qualitative POCTs are widely available, quantitative POCTs present significant challenges. Here we describe a novel method that integrates an Au core/Pt shell nanoparticle (Au@PtNP) encapsulated target-responsive hydrogel with a volumetric bar-chart chip (V-Chip) for quantitative POCT. Upon target introduction, the hydrogel immediately dissolves and releases Au@PtNPs, which can efficiently catalyze the decomposition of H2 O2 to generate a large volume of O2 to move of an ink bar in the V-Chip. The concentration of the target introduced can be visually quantified by reading the traveling distance of the ink bar. This method has the potential to be used for portable and quantitative detection of a wide range of targets without any external instrument.