gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identidades (des)cobertas: vida e resistência de mulheres muçulmanas no Brasil (2017)

Em periodos marcados por migracoes populacionais e informacionais, observa-se uma crescente pluralidade de pensamentos, culturas e religioes. Entretanto, o enfrentamento e convivencia destas diferentes culturas nem sempre acontece de forma facil, podendo ser marcado por multiplas complexidades. Este artigo busca explorar alguns dos desafios enfrentados por mulheres muculmanas no Brasil, que aqui vivem e vestem na pele a diversidade cultural.
Palavras-chave: religiao, cultura, Isla, Brasil, mulheres.
Abstract 
In times of population and informational migration, a growing plurality of thoughts, cultures and religions is observed. However, the confrontation and coexistence of these different cultures does not always happen easily, as they are able to be marked by diverse complexities. This article pursuit to explore some of the difficulties faced by Muslim women in Brazil who not only live the cultural diversity: they dress it in their own skin.
Keywords: religion, culture, Islam, Brazil, women.
Dependence of CCN activity of less volatile particles on the amount of coating observed in Tokyo (2007)

A novel observation system has been developed to measure cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity simultaneously with volatility of aerosol particles at 400°C. CCN/CN ratios were measured using a CCN counter and a condensation particle counter, and volatility was measured with a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer (VTDMA). This system was connected to a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer in tandem to measure these properties of hygroscopicity‐selected particles. These instruments were deployed in Tokyo in November 2004. In Tokyo, the dominant fraction of nonvolatile cores at 400°C has been found to be black carbon (BC). Therefore the number size distribution measured by VTDMA represents the mixing state of black carbon particles. The VTDMA measurement of hygroscopicity‐selected particles revealed that most of the less hygroscopic particles were less volatile, while more hygroscopic particles were more volatile. CCN/CN ratios of less volatile particles [(CCN/CN) LV ] are estimated from CCN activity and volatility measurements of less hygroscopic particles. (CCN/CN) LV at SS = 0.5% is correlated with the decrease of peak diameter due to volatilization (Δ d m ), and (CCN/CN) LV is nearly equal to unity at Δ d m = 10 nm. This result suggests that the CCN activity of BC particles significantly depends on the amount of coating.
Improved Algorithms for Bipartite Network Flow (1994)

In this paper, network flow algorithms for bipartite networks are studied. A network $G = (V,E)$ is called bipartite if its vertex set V can be partitioned into two subsets $V_1 $ and $V_2 $ such that all edges have one endpoint in $V_1 $ and the other in $V_2 $. Let $n = |V|$, $n_1 = |V_1 |$ , $n_2 = |V_2 |$, $m = |E|$ and assume without loss of generality that $n_1 \leqslant n_2 $. A bipartite network is called unbalanced if $n_1 \ll n_2 $ and balanced otherwise. (This notion is necessarily imprecise.) It is shown that several maximum flow algorithms can be substantially sped up when applied to unbalanced networks. The basic idea in these improvements is a two-edge push rule that allows one to “charge” most computation to vertices in $V_1 $, and hence develop algorithms whose running times depend on $n_1 $ rather than n. For example, it is shown that the two-edge push version of Goldberg and Tarjan’s FIFO preflow-push algorithm runs in $O(n_1 m + n_1^3 )$ time and that the analogous version of Ahuja and Orlin’s excess scaling algorithm runs in $O(n_1 m + n_1^2 \log U)$ time, where U is the largest edge capacity. These ideas are also extended to dynamic tree implementations, parametric maximum flows, and minimum-cost flows.
Use of Process Data To Assess Chromatographic Performance in Production‐Scale Protein Purification Columns (2003)

Transition analysis was performed on production-scale chromatography data in order to monitor column performance. Analysis of over 300 transitions from several different chromatography operations demonstrated the utility of the techniques presented. Several of the transitions analyzed occurred on columns with known integrity breaches. The techniques proved sensitive for detection of these breaches. Seven transition calculations are presented, which were combined to produce a single overall integrity value for each column. In addition, principal components analysis (PCA) was used to detect shifts in the transition pattern, including those attributed to integrity breaches. Besides detection of integrity breaches, transition analysis proved useful in monitoring column efficiency over multiple column uses.
Studies on the polymerization of ethyl acrylate. II. Chain transfer studies (1969)

Abstract Transfer constants for different solvents representing hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds, alcohols, ketones, acids, and esters were determined in the thermal polymerization of ethyl acrylate at 80°C and they are compared with the available data on methyl acrylate and ethyl methacrylate. It was observed from the values of transfer constants that ethyl acrylate radicals are a little more effective than methyl acrylate or ethyl methacrylate in abstracting hydrogen atom from hydrocarbons and alcohols. In acetic and n ‐butyric acid media, it has been found, by the aid of endgroup analysis, that the derived solvent radicals from transfer reactions are not too efficient to start a new chain.
Drillstring Component Mass Imbalance: A Major Source of Downhole Vibrations (1996)

Summary A study consisting of surface and downhole field experiments, theoretical analysis, and numerical modeling has shown that mass imbalance of drillstring components is a major source of downhole lateral vibrations. Factors that contribute to imbalance include bore misalignment, initial curvature, and gradual wear during service. Field experiments were conducted on the surface to quantify drill-string component mass imbalance for modeling purposes. Tests focused on drill collars. Lateral displacements of collars were measured while each was rotated in the derrick, and results were interpreted with simple models. All collars were unbalanced to some extent. A similar procedure can be used in the field to identify nearly balanced collars for use near the bit. Field experiments conducted downhole used a bull nose in place of a bit to evaluate drill-string vibrations without the bit as a source. A pendulum assembly with stabilizers 65 and 95 ft from the bull nose was used. Simultaneous surface and downhole measurements of accelerations were made. Lateral shocks caused by collar/wellbore collisions were measured at various locations in the drillstring at rotary speeds that caused the collars to whirl. Acceleration magnitudes were heavily influenced by local formation strength. Backward whirl of the drill-string was observed while rotating both on and off bottom. It was identified through downhole measurements, and was associated with sudden, dramatic increases in surface torque.
Field-Enhanced Secondary Electron Emission from Films of Low Density (1964)

Low-density deposits of KCl showing stable secondary electron gains of 30 to 60 in transmission have been prepared by evaporation in an argon atmosphere. The layers have a fast response, high resistivity, and long life under primary electron bombardment. Measurements of their electrical properties suggest that the emission current consists entirely of true secondary electrons and no avalanche multiplication processes occur in the region of stable operation. Practical application of these layers as dynodes in electron multipliers and image intensifiers and as targets in camera tubes is discussed in some detail.
Detection of Hypoglycemia with Continuous Interstitial and Traditional Blood Glucose Monitoring Using the FreeStyle Navigator Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (2009)

Even with a high rate of FSN-BG testing, hypoglycemia detected by FSN-CGM was verified by patients with T1DM very infrequently. A high rate of hypoglycemia detection with a moderate rate of unnecessary alarms can be attained using FSN-CGM.
Conditional Generative Adversarial Network- Based Data Augmentation for Enhancement of Iris Recognition Accuracy (2019)

Presently, lots of previous studies on biometrics employ convolutional neural networks (CNN) which requires a large amount of labeled training data. However, biometric data are considered as important personal information, and it is difficult to obtain large amounts of data due to individual privacy issues. Training with a small amount of data is a major cause of overfitting and low testing accuracy. To resolve this problem, previous studies have performed data augmentation that are based on geometric transforms and the adjustment of image brightness. Nevertheless, the data created by these methods have high correlation with the original data, and they cannot adequately reflect individual diversities. To resolve this problem, this study proposes iris image augmentation based on a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN), as well as a method for improving recognition performance that uses this augmentation method. In our method, normalized iris images that are generated through arbitrary changes in the iris and pupil coordinates are used as input in the cGAN-based model to generate iris images. Due to the limitations of the cGAN model, data augmentation, which uses the periocular region, was found to fail with regard to the improvement of performance. Based on this information, only the iris region was used as input for the cGAN model. The augmentation method proposed in this paper was tested using NICE.II training dataset (selected from UBIRS.v2), MICHE database, and CASIA-Iris-Distance database. The results showed that the recognition performance was improved compared to existing studies.
Green approach for drug design and discovery of paracetamol analogues as potential analgesic and antipyretic agents (2014)

Environmental friendly syntheses of potential analgesic and antipyretic compounds, 2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide derivatives 6a–6g and N-[(4-hydroxy-phenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-phthalamic acid derivatives 10a–10g have been developed. Two synthetic routes (A and B) have been established for the preparation of 6a–6g. In route A, 4-aminophenol 2 was reacted with chloroacetyl chloride 3 in a solution of potassium acetate and acetic acid to yield N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-chloroacetamide 4. The latter was reacted with imide compounds 5a–5g either in triethanolamine as a green solvent or in solid phase in the presence of triethylbenzylammonium chloride and potassium iodide (KI) to yield 6a–6g. Alternatively, in route B, the reaction of anhydrides 7a–7g with glycine 8 yielded the (1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)acetic acid derivatives 9a–9g which on reaction with 2 either in triethnolamine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a dehydrating agent or in solid phase in the presence of DCC gave 6a–6g. The latter were hydrolysed in 0.5N ethanolic potassium hydroxide (KOH) to afford 10a–10g.
PSGAN: Pose and Expression Robust Spatial-Aware GAN for Customizable Makeup Transfer (2019)

In this paper, we address the makeup transfer task, which aims to transfer the makeup from a reference image to a source image. Existing methods have achieved promising progress in constrained scenarios, but transferring between images with large pose and expression differences is still challenging. Besides, they cannot realize customizable transfer that allows a controllable shade of makeup or specifies the part to transfer, which limits their applications. To address these issues, we propose Pose and expression robust Spatial-aware GAN (PSGAN). It first utilizes Makeup Distill Network to disentangle the makeup of the reference image as two spatial-aware makeup matrices. Then, Attentive Makeup Morphing module is introduced to specify how the makeup of a pixel in the source image is morphed from the reference image. With the makeup matrices and the source image, Makeup Apply Network is used to perform makeup transfer. Our PSGAN not only achieves state-of-the-art results even when large pose and expression differences exist but also is able to perform partial and shade-controllable makeup transfer. We also collected a dataset containing facial images with various poses and expressions for evaluations.
Palladium-catalyzed Cross-coupling Ractions of Chloropyrazines with Aromatic Heterocycles (1992)

&&&----In the presence of tetakis(mphenylphosphine)palladium, chloropyrazines were treated with aromatic heterocycles such as fwan, thiophene, pyrrole, N-substituted pyrroles, benzo[blfuran, benzo[b]thiophene, oxazole,thiazole, N-methylimidazoles, benz[bloxazole and benzo[b]thiazole.The corresponding coupling products were obtained in moderate to good yields.The smctures of the coupling products were determined.Palladium-catalyzed moss-coupling reactions of aryl halides with organometallics, ethylenes or acetylenes proceeded easily and efticiently during carbon-carbon bond formation.lSome biaryls are important pharmaceutical agents,2.3but nowadays, they of interest mainly 6vm the standpoint of theu physical properties in liquid crystals.'fHowever, little is known in regard to the coupling reactions of aromatic heterocyclic halides with aromatic heterocycles.In previous papers, palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions of Zchlompyrazines with indoles,5.6ethylenes,'l acetylenes,8.9and organometallics 10-12 were ported and in which the reactions of aryl bromides with n-sufficient aromatic heterocycles in the presence of Pd(0) catalyst were also discussed13 These coupling reactions proceeded regioselectively without conversion of aromatic heterocycles such as indoles, furan, thiophene, benzo[blfuran and benzo[b]thiophene to the corresponding organometallic reagents.In this study, we repon the palladiumsatalyzed cross-coupling reactions between 2-chloropyradnes and aromatic heterocycles.258 HETEROCYCLES.Yo1 33.Na. 1. 1992 3,6-Dialkyl-2-chl01opyrazines (la-c) were reacted with n-sufficient aromatic heterccycles such as furan (2).thiophene (3), pyrroles (11,12 and 16), benzo[b]furan (22) and benzo[b]thiophene (23) to give the corresponding coupling products in moderate to g a d yields (Schemes 1,4, 5 and 7, Tables 1-4).Scheme 1 AcOK Scheme 2 Scheme 3 IBu Raney Ni (W-6) 6c 92 % 10In the reactions of chloropyrazines with fnran (2), thiophene (3) and pyrrole (I]), disubstituted hetemycles (Sb, c, 7c and 14 a-c) were also obtained though in low yields.These coupling reactions occurred almost regioselectively.However, on using N-phenylsulfonylpyrrole (16) as the reaction substrate, a mixture of regioisomers (17 and 18) which could not be separated, was obtained.The ratio of 17 to 18 was determined by l ~-n r n r spectroscopy.The hydrolysis of a mixture of 17 and 18 with 5N aq.NaOH afforded 13 and 19, which
Antitumor activity of streptococcal acid glycoprotein produced by Streptococcus pyogenes Su. (1987)

Streptococcal acid glycoprotein (SAGP) was purified from the cultured cells of Streptococcus pyogenes Su, and its in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities were investigated in comparison with those of OK-432, a cell preparation of S. pyogenes Su which is used clinically as a potent antitumor agent. SAGP inhibited the growth of several tumor cell lines in vitro at less than 0.1 microgram/ml, while it did not affect the growth of the other tumor and normal cell lines even at 10 micrograms/ml. This selective cytotoxicity is a unique characteristic of SAGP. OK-432 did not show cytotoxicity in vitro. SAGP also showed a considerable life-span-prolonging effect on mice bearing Meth A tumor and inhibited the growth of sarcoma 180 tumor implanted im. The comparison of antitumor activities between SAGP and OK-432 definitely suggested a difference in the mechanisms of their actions, even though they were derived from the same bacterial strain.
Quantum cryptography using optical fibers (1994)

Quantum cryptography permits the transmission of secret information whose security is guaranteed by the uncertainty principle. An experimental system for quantum crytography is implemented based on the linear polarization of single photons transmitted by an optical fiber. Polarization-preserving optical fiber and a feedback loop are employed to maintain the state of polarization. Error rates of less than 0.5% are obtained.
On the Comparison of Popular End-to-End Models for Large Scale Speech Recognition (2020)

Recently, there has been a strong push to transition from hybrid models to end-to-end (E2E) models for automatic speech recognition. Currently, there are three promising E2E methods: recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T), RNN attention-based encoder-decoder (AED), and Transformer-AED. In this study, we conduct an empirical comparison of RNN-T, RNN-AED, and Transformer-AED models, in both non-streaming and streaming modes. We use 65 thousand hours of Microsoft anonymized training data to train these models. As E2E models are more data hungry, it is better to compare their effectiveness with large amount of training data. To the best of our knowledge, no such comprehensive study has been conducted yet. We show that although AED models are stronger than RNN-T in the non-streaming mode, RNN-T is very competitive in streaming mode if its encoder can be properly initialized. Among all three E2E models, transformer-AED achieved the best accuracy in both streaming and non-streaming mode. We show that both streaming RNN-T and transformer-AED models can obtain better accuracy than a highly-optimized hybrid model.
Randomized Prospective Double-Blind Studies to Evaluate the Cognitive Effects of Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate in Healthy Physically Active Adults (2016)

Inositol-stabilized arginine silicate (ASI; Nitrosigine®) has been validated to increase levels of arginine, silicon and nitric oxide production. To evaluate potential enhancement of mental focus and clarity, ASI (1500 mg/day) was tested in two double-blind placebo-controlled crossover (DBPC-X) studies using the Trail Making Test (TMT, Parts A and B). In the two studies, healthy males took ASI for 14 and 3 days, respectively. In the first study, after 14 days of dosing, TMT B time decreased significantly from baseline (28% improvement, p = 0.045). In the second study evaluating shorter-term effects, TMT B time decreased significantly compared to placebo (33% improvement, p = 0.024) in a 10-min period. After 3 days of dosing, TMT B time significantly decreased from baseline scores (35% improvement, p < 0.001). These findings show that ASI significantly improved the ability to perform complex cognitive tests requiring mental flexibility, processing speed and executive functioning.
Interactions between Perchlorate and Nitrate Reductions in the Biofilm of a Hydrogen-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor (2011)

We studied the microbial functional and structural interactions between nitrate (NO(3)(-)) and perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) reductions in the hydrogen (H(2))-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). When H(2) was not limiting, ClO(4)(-) and NO(3)(-) reductions were complete, and the MBfR's biofilm was composed mainly of bacteria from the ε- and β-proteobacteria classes, with autotrophic genera Sulfuricurvum, Hydrogenophaga, and Dechloromonas dominating the biofilm. Based on functional-gene and pyrosequencing assays, Dechloromonas played the most important role in ClO(4)(-) reduction, while Sulfuricurvum and Hydrogenophaga were responsible for NO(3)(-) reduction. When H(2) delivery was insufficient to completely reduce both electron acceptors, NO(3)(-) reduction out-competed ClO(4)(-) reduction for electrons from H(2), and mixotrophs become important in the MBfR biofilm. β-Proteobacteria became the dominant class, and Azonexus replaced Sulfuricurvum as a main genus. The changes suggest that facultative, NO(3)(-)-reducing bacteria had advantages over strict autotrophs when H(2) was limiting, because organic microbial products became important electron donors when H(2) was severely limiting.
Inhibiting calpain, rescuing cells. (1996)

Drs. John Elce and Peter Davies, biochemists at Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., are investigating the molecular structure of calpain, an enzyme that has been implicated in the cellular damage that occurs after such events as myocardial infarction and stroke. This damage is precipitated by an imbalance in the regulation of calpain that arises as an indirect result of ischemia. Elce and Davies hope that their research, which involves techniques such as recombinant DNA technology and x-ray crystallography, will lead to the development of a calpain inhibitor that will prevent such damage from occurring and enhance recovery.
Preferential relaxation of positively supercoiled DNA by <i>E. coli</i> topoisomerase IV in single-molecule and ensemble measurements (2000)

We show that positively supercoiled [(+) SC] DNA is the preferred substrate for Escherichia coli topoisomerase IV (topo IV). We measured topo IV relaxation of (-) and (+) supercoils in real time on single, tethered DNA molecules to complement ensemble experiments. We find that the preference for (+) SC DNA is complete at low enzyme concentration. Otherwise, topo IV relaxed (+) supercoils at a 20-fold faster rate than (-) supercoils, due primarily to about a 10-fold increase in processivity with (+) SC DNA. The preferential cleavage of (+) SC DNA in a competition experiment showed that substrate discrimination can take place prior to strand passage in the presence or absence of ATP. We propose that topo IV discriminates between (-) and (+) supercoiled DNA by recognition of the geometry of (+) SC DNA. Our results explain how topo IV can rapidly remove (+) supercoils to support DNA replication without relaxing the essential (-) supercoils of the chromosome. They also show that the rate of supercoil relaxation by topo IV is several orders of magnitude faster than hitherto appreciated, so that a single enzyme may suffice at each replication fork.
Growth Stages in Fruit Trees- From Dormant to Fruit Set (1976)

In the present publication we identify, illustrate, name, and define what we believe are the key growth stages for apple, pear, peach, plum and prune, tart cherry, and sweet cherry. The growth period covered extends from the dormant stage of the buds up to the initial setting of the fruit. It is hoped that these designations have sufficient merit, collectively, to win official acceptance beyond the confines of New York. For if this transpires, at least that part of the horticultural world would be using the same growth stage language.
Framework of Building Environmental Assessment Methods (2001)

Since the policy address by the Hong Kong SAR’s Chief Executive in Octaber 1999 there has been greater interest in environmentally sustainable or ‘green’ buildings, The judgement as to whether or not a building is environmentally sustainable goes beyond its site boundary, and what constitutes a green building remains open to debate. Building environmental assessment methods (BEAMs) are tools that can focus attention on actions to Improve building environmental performance, However, the framework, development and content of such tools is influenced by many factors, such as the environmental aspects targeted, type of building covered, extent of support from stakeholders, and the level of endorsement by government and end-users, etc. The paper discusses the framework under which voluntary BEAMs are being developed and operated, including the locol HK-BEAM scheme. It concludes that the coverage of environmental aspects, the extent to which building environmental performance can be improved, and the take-up of a BEAM depends on many factors, not least consensus and compromise within the building construction and real estate sectors.