gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid virological response in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 and early ribavirin exposure† (2008)

We read with great interest the article by Loustaud-Ratti et al., published in a recent issue of HEPATOLOGY.1 The authors concluded that ribavirin exposure at day 0 (D0), an early pharmacokinetic predictor, is significantly related to sustained virological response (SVR) to 48-week combination therapy with peginterferon alfa 2a and ribavirin, and amantadine which was added at week 12 and for 36 weeks. The authors also proposed a minimum area under the curve at hour 0-4 (AUC0-4h) threshold of 1755 μg.hour/L at D0 as a target for ribavirin dose adjustment. In their study, the authors defined rapid virological response (RVR) by either a nondetectable viral load or a viral load drop >2 log10 international units (IU)/mL at week 4, and defined early virological response (EVR) by a nondetectable viral load at week 12. These definitions are not in accordance with the general consensuses that at least a 2-log10 decline from baseline hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA level is applied to EVR but not RVR.2-4 Although the authors used the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay HCV Ampliprep TaqMan to determine RVR at week 4, which was more sensitive (cut-off 15 IU/mL) than the Cobas Roche Amplicor polymerase chain reaction assay (cut-off 50 IU/mL), the reason why the authors chose special definitions of RVR and EVR and the impact on the interpretations of RVR and EVR should be elucidated. Meanwhile, the percentages of RVR were markedly different by the definition of the authors [50.0% (12/24)] and as defined by the general consensus [8.3% (2/24)]. With peginterferon alfa and ribavirin therapy, Ferenci et al. previously reported that about 10% of patients infected with HCV genotype 1 achieved RVR.5 Other studies have demonstrated that the percentage of RVR in patients with hepatitis C genotype 1 was 16%-26.7%.4, 6-8 We have recently reported a RVR rate of 43.5% (87/200) among Taiwanese patients infected with HCV genotype 1 in our randomized trial.9 The rates of RVR in patients with hepatitis C genotype 1 differ greatly from different areas. Although we applaud the study conducted by Loustaud-Ratti et al.,1 the predictive value of ribavirin exposure at D0 for SVR and the proposed target for ribavirin dose adjustment of minimum AUC0-4h threshold of 1755 μg.h/L need further confirmatory studies in different countries. Chia-Yen Dai* , Wan-Long Chuang* , Jee-Fu Huang ?, Ming-Yen Hsieh , Ming-Lung Yu* ?, * Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ? Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the hepatic consequence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome (2010)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common liver disease in both adults and children worldwide. As a disease spectrum, NAFLD may progress from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. An estimated 20-35% of the general population has steatosis, 10% of whom will develop the more progressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis associated with markedly increased risk of cardiovascular- and liver-related mortality. Development of NAFLD is strongly linked to components of the metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes. The recognition that NAFLD is an independent risk factor for CVD is a major public health concern. There is a great need for a sensitive non-invasive test for the early detection and assessment of the stage of NAFLD that could also be used to monitor response to treatment. The cellular and molecular aetiology of NAFLD is multi-factorial; genetic polymorphisms influencing NAFLD have been identified and nutrition is a modifiable environmental factor influencing NAFLD progression. Weight loss through diet and exercise is the primary recommendation in the clinical management of NAFLD. The application of systems biology to the identification of NAFLD biomarkers and factors involved in NAFLD progression is an area of promising research.
Synthesis and Characterization of Non‐standard Nucleosides and Nucleotides Bearing the Acceptor‐Donor‐Donor Pyrimidine Analog 6‐Amino‐3‐methylpyrazin‐2(1<i>H</i>)‐one (1996)

Abstract 6‐Aminopyrazin‐2(1 H )‐one, when incorporated as a pyrimidine‐base analog into an oligonucleotide chain, presents a H‐bond acceptor‐donor‐donor pattern to a complementary purine analog. When paired with the corresponding donor‐acceptor‐acceptor purine in oligonucleotides, the heterocycle selectively contributes to the stability of the duplex, presumably by forming a base pair of Watson‐Crick geometry joined by a non‐standard H‐bonding pattern. Aspects of the nucleoside chemistry, including syntheses of the β‐furanosyl ribonucleoside 1 , the ribonucleoside triphosphate 2 and the ribonucleoside bisphosphate 3 of 6‐aminopyrazin‐2(1 H )‐one are reported here. In aqueous solution, the ribonucleoside 1 was found to undergo acid‐ and base‐catalyzed rearrangement with an apparent half‐life of ca. 63 h at neutral pH and 30°. The rearrangement appears to be specific acid‐ and base‐catalyzed. The thermodynamically most stable compound formed during this rearrangement reaction was isolated by HPLC and shown to be the β‐pyranosyl form 4 of the 6‐aminopyrazin‐2(1 H )‐one nucleoside in its 4 C 1 chair conformation. This reactivity of 1 under physiological conditions may explain why Nature does not use this particular heterocyclic system to implement an acceptor‐donor‐donor H‐bonding pattern in the genetic alphabet.
Recombinant CD30 ligand and CD40 ligand share common biological activities on Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg cells (1995)

The CD30 ligand (CD30L) and CD40L are members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) protein superfamily, CD30L and CD40L are mainly expressed as membrane-bound proteins by activated T cells. CD30L and CD40L are costimulatory for T cell proliferation and activation. Further, CD40L is a critical signal for T cell-dependent activation of B cells. Primary and cultured Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells, the neoplastic component of Hodgkin's disease (HD), express high levels of the counterreceptors CD30 and CD40. We have found that both the recombinant CD30L and CD40L enhanced interleukin (IL)-6, TNF and lymphotoxin (LT)-alpha release from cultured H-RS cells. In addition, CD40L, but not CD30L, induced IL-8 secretion. CD30L and CD40L seem to share some redundant biological activities involved in the deregulated secretion of cytokines known to play a central role in the clinical presentation and pathology of HD. Further, CD30L enhanced surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1/CD54) on cultured H-RS cells, which is frequently overexpressed on primary H-RS cells. CD30L- and CD40L-enhanced CD54 surface expression is followed by elevated shedding of CD54, as shown by detection of elevated 82-kDa soluble (s) CD54 levels in culture supernatants after stimulation with both ligands. CD30L and CD40L share common pleiotropic biological activities on CD30+/CD40+ H-RS cells and are elements of the cytokine and cell contact-dependent activation network typical for HD, a tumor of cytokine producing cells.
Influence of blood group and secretor genes on susceptibility to duodenal ulcer. (1990)

The ABO and Rhesus blood groups of 1,142 Nigerians (782 healthy donors and 360 duodenal ulcer patients) and the secretor status of 910 (550 healthy donors and 360 duodenal ulcer patients) have been analysed by standard serological techniques. The relative frequencies of phenotypes and gene frequencies observed were A. 24.17% (gene frequency 0.1452), B. 20.08% (0.1215), 0.5307% (0.7333) and AB 2.68%; secretor 77.44% (gene frequency of dominant allele 0.5252), non-secretor 22.56% (0.4748) and Rh(D) negatives 0.77% (0.0876). These phenotypic and gene frequencies do not vary greatly from one part of the country to another. There was a statistically significant excess of people of group 0 and non-secretors among duodenal ulcer patients by comparison with healthy controls. The clinical and anthropological aspects of these results are discussed.
Harsh light shines on free energy (2007)

An Irish firm that last year claimed to have built a device that can make energy from nothing has been forced to call off the first public demonstration of its technology. Steorn, which is based in Dublin, had planned to unveil the device at an exhibition in London last month. It blamed the malfunctioning of the device on "excessive heating" from lights in the museum's display area – rather than on a failure of the first law of thermodynamics.
A Combinatorial Library of Photocrosslinkable and Degradable Materials (2006)

A library of acrylate-terminated poly(β-amino ester)s is synthesized in parallel (see figure and inside cover) via a condensation reaction that combines primary or secondary amines with diacrylates. This library of macromers is then photopolymerized to form networks with a wide range of degradation and mechanical properties. Because of the diversity in properties, these polymers could be developed and screened for numerous applications ranging from microdevices to biomaterials. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c0529_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Molecular technique for rapid identification of mycobacteria (1996)

Identification of mycobacteria through conventional microbiological methods is cumbersome and time-consuming. Recently we have developed a novel bacterial identification method to accurately and rapidly identify different mycobacteria directly from water and clinical isolates. The method utilizes the PCR to amplify a portion of the small subunit rRNA from mycobacteria. The 5' PCR primer has a fluorescent label to allow detection of the amplified product. The PCR product is digested with restriction endonucleases, and an automated DNA sequencer is employed to determine the size of the labeled restriction fragments. Since the PCR product is labeled only at the 5' end, the analysis identifies only the restriction fragment proximal to the 5' end. Each mycobacterial species has a unique 5' restriction fragment length for each specific endonuclease. However, frequently the 5' restriction fragments from different species have similar or identical lengths for a given endonuclease. A set of judiciously chosen restriction enzymes produces a unique set of fragments for each species, providing us with an identification signature. Using this method, we produced a library of 5' restriction fragment sizes corresponding to different clinically important mycobacteria. We have characterized mycobacterial isolates which had been previously identified by biochemical test and/or nucleic acid probes. An analysis of these data demonstrates that this protocol is effective in identifying 13 different mycobacterial species accurately. This protocol has the potential of rapidly (less than 36 h) identifying mycobacterial species directly from clinical specimens. In addition, this protocol is accurate, sensitive, and capable of identifying multiple organisms in a single sample.
No association between the intronic presenilin‐1 polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease in clinic and population‐based samples (1997)

Mutations in the Presenilin 1 (PS1) gene on chromosome 14 cause most early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). An intronic polymorphism in the PSI gene was recently identified and reported to be associated with late-onset AD [Wragg et al., Lancet 347: 509–512, 1996]. The authors found an excess of homozygotes for the more common allele (allele 1) in AD cases, associated with an approximate doubling of risk. In the present study, we report the PS1 polymorphism distributions in clinic and population-based samples. We were not able to replicate the findings of Wragg et al. [1996]. Our results are consistent with those of other researchers and do not support the conclusion that the PS1 polymorphism is associated with late-onset AD. Am. J. Med. Genet. 74:202–203, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Convenient Synthesis of Methyl (<i>p</i>-Toluenesulphonylimino) acetate. Addition Reactions with Dienes (1991)

The thermal reaction of methyl glyoxylate with p-toluenesulphonyl isocyanate gave the title imino-ester 1, which underwent in situ hetero-Diels-Alder reactions with various 1,3-dienes (6 examples). With 1-ethoxy-3-(trimethylsioxy)-1,3-cyclo-hexadiene the aza-Mukaiyama product was obtained exclusively, whereas with furans electrophilic substitution at the 2-position took place.
Elements regulating the transcription of human interstitial retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) gene in cultured retinoblastoma cells (1999)

The 5'-flanking region of irbp contains an enhancer sequence. The possible silencer upstream from the core promoter may serve to suppress expression of irbp in HeLa cells. When the proximal promoter is used to identify binding proteins in a human retina library by the yeast one hybrid system, nine of the identified clones contained the cDNA sequence for the homeodomain protein OTX2. Since no clones for the homeodomain protein CRX were found, and since OTX2 can transcriptionally activate irbp in normally non-expressing HeLa cells, it is possible that OTX2 rather than CRX is the transcriptional activator for irbp in human photoreceptors.
Annual Report Number 12, 1 October 1979-30 September 1980, (1980)

The report summarizes research performed under Contract N00014-76-C-0234, NR 307-252, during the year 1 October 1979-30 September 1980. Research topics include: (1) growth of ice in a wave field, (2) large-scale heat exchange and ice production, (3) interaction of solar radiation with the ice and upper ocean, (4) optical properties of ice and snow, (5) generalized radiative transfer modeling, (6) wave propagation and other ice edge phenomena. (Author)
Molecular composition and mobility of torbanite precursors: implications for the structure of coal (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular composition and mobility of torbanite precursors: implications for the structure of coalMichael A. Wilson, Barry D. Batts, and Patrick G. HatcherCite this: Energy Fuels 1988, 2, 5, 668–672Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00011a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00011a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Understanding what is important for women who live with multiple sclerosis. (1999)

In this pilot-project eight women with multiple sclerosis (MS), four Continence Nurse Advisers (CNAs) and one researcher formed a participatory action research (PAR) group. Ten group sessions were held in 1997. The CNAs found that 80 of their referrals for continence management were women with MS and they wanted to explore the way in which women manage their incontinence. Although the group was brought together to discuss incontinence, other emergent themes were raised by the women. These themes were: women's ad hoc experience with community services, their problems concerning access to toilets for the disabled, concern with health professionals' lack of knowledge about MS, their formidable experiences of hospitalisation and respite care admissions, their individual efforts in maintaining wellness in the context of chronic illness and the effect of MS on sexual relationships.
TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VARIATION IN THE SYNTHESIS OF GROUP-SPECIFIC CARBOHYDRATE BY STREPTOCOCCAL VARIANT STRAINS (1973)

A temperature-dependent alteration in the synthesis of the group-specific polysaccharide was found to occur in two "variant" streptococcal strains, A-486-Var and C 121/46/4. These strains synthesize a polysaccharide with variant immunochemical characteristics when grown at 37 degrees C. However, when these organisms are grown at lower temperatures, 22 degrees C, an enhanced synthesis of Group A carbohydrate occurs. Other variant strains show no appreciable alteration of the cell wall carbohydrate composition when grown at lower temperatures. Studies on an intermediate strain show that this organism has a propensity for the synthesis of a polysaccharide with higher glucosamine content and enhanced Group A serological reactivity when grown at 22 degrees C. Immunochemical studies performed on the carbohydrates produced by the A-486-Var at various temperatures revealed that the appearance of Group A serological reactivity at lower temperatures is due to the additional synthesis of a polysaccharide with Group A specificity along with the continued synthesis of a variant carbohydrate. This finding contrasts with data obtained on the carbohydrate produced by the intermediate organisms that appears to consist predominently of one molecule bearing dual A and variant antigenic determinants.
Source address validation solution with OpenFlow/NOX architecture (2011)

Current Internet is lack of validation on source IP address, resulting in many security threats. The future Internet can face the similar routing locator spoofing problem without careful design. The current in-progress source address validation standard, i.e., SAVI, is not of enough protection due to the solution space constraint. In this article, a mechanism named VAVE is proposed to improve the SAVI solutions. VAVE employs OpenFlow protocol, which provides the de facto standard network innovation interface, to solve source address validation problem with a global view. Significant improvements can be found from our evaluation results.
Intestinal spirochaetes in domestic animals and humans (1997)

Spirochaete bacteria are commonly found in the gastro-intestinal tracts of animals. A number of intestinal spirochaete species are now recognized as a cause of disease in a variety of animal species, including pigs, poultry and humans. This book is the first to review the literature on these important bacteria and the diseases they cause. It brings together the available information from different disciplines, and on different animal host species, and provides an overview of current understanding in the area.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel 4‐(2‐<scp>F</scp>luorophenoxy)quinoline Derivatives Bearing the 4‐<scp>O</scp>xo‐1,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxamide Moiety (2013)

A series of 4-(2-fluorophenoxy)quinoline derivatives bearing the 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro antitumor activity against the H460, HT-29, MKN-45, U87MG, and SMMC-7721 cancer cell lines. Most of the tested compounds showed potent activity and high selectivity toward the HT-29 and MKN-45 cell lines. Furthermore, compounds 21b, 21c, and 21i were further examined for their c-Met kinase activity and exhibited strong efficacy with IC50 values in the single-digit nanomolar range, which was comparable with the positive control foretinib. The most promising compound 21c showed excellent cytostatic activity with IC50 values from 0.01 to 0.53 µM against all tested cell lines, thus being 1.7-2.2 times more active than foretinib.
<title>Efficient accoustic-wave damping in a high-pulse-repetition-rate XeCl laser</title> (1993)

Acoustic phenomena may play a leading role in high average power excimer laser as soon as a high pulse repetition rate is achieved. In this paper we demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically that acoustic wave generation and evolution are strongly dependent on electric arcs appearing at the end of the discharge. These acoustic waves induce a strong decrease of laser power throughout an amplification phenomenon of pressure fluctuations at high PRF. Acoustic dampers allow us to reduce this phenomenon and to increase the laser output power up to 50%.
HF Sky-Wave Field Strength Predictions (1993)

A description is given on how the field strength of an HF signal, expressed in decibels (dB) above or below 1 microvolt per meter reference, is calculated by seven different HF propagation prediction programs, and on how the accuracy of the predicted field strength values from these programs can be determined and presented. These seven programs include three empirical based programs (Medusa PROPHET, FTZ, and FTZ4), and four analytical programs (HFTDA, IONCAP, ASAPS, and AMBCOM). AMBCOM is the only ray tracing program included. All of these prediction programs produce median predictions of the rms field strength. The accuracy of these seven programs will be determined for the Polar, Equatorial Near vertical incidence Experiment (PENEX) Project. A data screening program, DASCR3, will be used to assess the accuracy of these programs. DASCR3 allows the development and generation of powerful statistical descriptions of the characteristics of the measured field strength and of how well the candidate programs predict the observations. Useful statistical parameters for describing the accuracy of the programs are given. DASCR3's ability to allow and store up to 40 different auxiliary variables permits comparisons to be subdivided into many subcategories. Recommendations for these subcategories for the field strength accuracy study are given. DASCR3 also allows the determination of improvements that might possibly be made to these field strength prediction programs. Propagation, Propagation forecast, Expert systems, PROPHET. High frequency,