gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The technique of polymer modification in bitumen emulsions and their use in high performance road surfacing products (1990)

Manufacturers of bitumen binders have come under increasing pressure the last 10 years to provide solutions to the phenomenon of bitumen deterioration due to the mixing of crude oils, changes in refinery process and increased demand placed on bitumen by today's high traffic rates and use of radial tires. Both bitumen manufacturers and the people who use the various products have been deeply involved in the search for a better product which is more compatible with today's traffic demands via the process of molecular modification of the bitumen. This process is commonly referred to as polymer or latex modification depending on the type of product added to the bitumen and also on how it is added. Through the adding of various types of latex and polymers, the bitumen binder is modified to exhibit a more tenacious state which in turn both binds the bitumen to the aggregate more thoroughly and results in a much tougher final mix which is less prone to wheel rutting, bleeding and plastic deformations (A).
Toothbrushing With Hydrogen Peroxide‐Sodium Bicarbonate Compared to Toothpowder and Water in Reducing Periodontal Pocket Suppuration and Darkfield Bacterial Counts (1983)

This study attempted to isolate and test the therapeutic effectiveness of toothbrushing with hydrogen peroxide-sodium bicarbonate supplemented with scaling and systemic antibiotics. Forty-two subjects selected for pocket suppuration were divided into two groups. Group I was treated sequentially with brushing, scaling and systemic antibiotics. Group II was treated with brushing and scaling performed concurrently. Half of each group were control subjects using an inert toothpowder. Subjects were monitored by darkfield microscopy for spirochetes and motile rods. In Group I, toothbrushing alone showed approximately a 1/3 reduction in the number of suppuration sites, no difference between experimental and control subgroups and no significant changes in the darkfield counts. Scaling, whether subsequent to the toothbrushing (Group I) or concurrent with the toothbrushing (Group II), showed a statistically significant reduction (about 70%) in the number of suppuration sites in all subgroups. Darkfield counts after scaling were reduced significantly in some subgroups but not in others. The addition of systemic antibiotics in Group I resulted in an almost total elimination of suppuration sites and spirochetes in 15 subjects, but there were no significant differences between the test and control subgroups. In both Groups I and II, neither experimental peroxide-bicarbonate subgroup could be differentiated statistically from its toothpowder-water control at any time.
Research on aviation fuel instability (1983)

The problems associated with aircraft fuel instability are discussed. What is currently known about the problem is reviewed and a research program to identify those areas where more research is needed is discussed. The term fuel instability generally refers to the gums, sediments, or deposits which can form as a result of a set of complex chemical reactions when a fuel is stored for a long period at ambient conditions or when the fuel is thermally stressed inside the fuel system of an aircraft.
Role of microRNAs in the regulation of drug metabolism and disposition (2009)

Some miRNAs have been shown to directly or indirectly control the expression of DMEs, DTs or nuclear receptors, and consequently, affect the capacity of drug metabolism and disposition, and influence the sensitivity of cells to xenobiotic agents. Furthermore, the expression of some miRNAs is readily altered in cells after an acute or chronic exposure to medications, toxins or carcinogens. Therefore, dysregulation of specific miRNAs by a xenobiotic agent, which control the expression of DMEs or DTs, might lead to considerable change in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic property of a concomitant drug or the agent itself. Improved understanding of the regulatory pathways of DMEs and DTs shall provide novel insight into multi-drug resistance and potential drug-drug interaction in clinical pharmacotherapy as well as in drug discovery and development.
Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage by CO<sub>2</sub>Injection (2012)

Abstract The gas assisted gravity drainage process is designed to take advantage of gravity between the injected gas and reservoir crude oil due to the difference in their densities. In this experimental study, a 2-D Hele-Shaw physical model with dimensions of 15 × 66 × 3 cm was packed with uniform and different sand packs to conduct visual experiments of CO2 injection. These experiments were designed to imitate the dimensionless parameters observed in some field projects. The results show high Bond number lead to high oil recovery because of large absolute permeability. Additionally, the reduction rate of CO2 injection from 50 to 20 cc/min tends to decrease the amount of Capillary number and then increase oil recovery. Comparison between free and forced gravity drainage applying forced gravity drainage was found to be essential with regard to oil recovery.
The Mouse Brain Transcriptome by SAGE: Differences in Gene Expression between P30 Brains of the Partial Trisomy 16 Mouse Model of Down Syndrome (Ts65Dn) and Normals (2000)

Trisomy 21, or Down syndrome (DS), is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation. Changes in the neuropathology, neurochemistry, neurophysiology, and neuropharmacology of DS patients' brains indicate that there is probably abnormal development and maintenance of central nervous system structure and function. The segmental trisomy mouse (Ts65Dn) is a model of DS that shows analogous neurobehavioral defects. We have studied the global gene expression profiles of normal and Ts65Dn male and normal female mice brains (P30) using the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) technique. From the combined sample we collected a total of 152,791 RNA tags and observed 45,856 unique tags in the mouse brain transcriptome. There are 14 ribosomal protein genes (nine underexpressed) among the 330 statistically significant differences between normal male and Ts65Dn male brains, which possibly implies abnormal ribosomal biogenesis in the development and maintenance of DS phenotypes. This study contributes to the establishment of a mouse brain transcriptome and provides the first overall analysis of the differences in gene expression in aneuploid versus normal mammalian brain cells.
Mode profile shaping with 2D periodic array of metallic patches on electrodes in SAW resonators (2013)

Periodic arrays of metallic patches on the electrodes of a Rayleigh-type SAW resonator are investigated to suppress undesired modes above resonance frequency. Both, the metallization ratio(ηt) and the period(pT) of the patches in transversal direction, were varied. Simulations were performed employing the well established 2D P-matrix model. A well-designed periodic array is capable to suppress all transversal modes within a certain frequency band. The individual transversal modes are well characterized by evaluating the overlap integral of the transversal excitation and mode profile as well as the field strength. From these evaluations it is also possible to understand the mechanism of mode suppression. It has been demonstrated that the modification of the higher symmetric modes caused by patches is responsible for strong spurious peaks in the resonator's frequency response. These results provide insight how the Δv/v waveguide, formed by the areas with and without patches, can be engineered to suppress bound and leaky continuum modes.
Seismic signal discrimination using adaptive system parameters (2002)

The motivation for the research presented is the idea of using seismic information to verify compliance with respect to a comprehensive test ban treaty. A method is given for automatically discriminating between seismic events by using a multilayer perceptron neural network system. The input to the neural net consists of the filter coefficients of an adaptive line enhancer. The seismic signals of concern in this research are those generated by earthquakes and underground nuclear explosions. The results presented indicate that a relatively simple neural net can successfully classify seismic events.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experimental Study on Ethanolamine/Surfactant Flooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery (2014)

Ethanolamine (ETA) was used together with surfactant to form the ETA/surfactant flooding system. The interfacial tension (IFT) and emulsification of Gudong oil and chemical aqueous solutions were studied. The results indicate that the oil/water IFT can be reduced by 2 orders of magnitude, the oil can be emulsified and dispersed more easily, and the emulsion stability is strengthened due to the synergistic effect of ETA, surfactant, and the in situ soap at the oil/water contact. Seventeen sandpack flooding tests were conducted to investigate the effects of ETA concentration, chemical slug size, chemical slug type, and experimental temperature on the incremental oil recovery. The results show that the highest incremental oil recovery is obtained when 0.065 wt % surfactant and 0.300 wt % ETA are simultaneously injected. In addition, the increase of oil recovery is always accompanied by a sudden pressure drop in the injection process of the ETA/surfactant slug. Larger ETA/surfactant slug size contributes to a higher incremental oil recovery, but there is an optimal slug size (0.8–1.0 PV in the test) when the economic factor is taken into consideration. Moreover, a high experimental temperature has an adverse effect on the synergistic effect of ETA and surfactant because of the volatility of ETA molecules.
Progression of Chronic Renal Failure (2003)

Chronic renal failure is characterized by a persistently abnormal glomerular filtration rate. The rate of progression varies substantially. Several morphologic features are prominent: fibrosis, loss of native renal cells, and infiltration by monocytes and/or macrophages. Mediators of the process include abnormal glomerular hemodynamics, hypoxia, proteinuria, hypertension, and several vasoactive substances (ie, cytokines and growth factors). Several predisposing host factors may also contribute to the process. Treatments to delay progression are aimed at treating the primary disease and at strictly controlling the systemic blood pressure and proteinuria. The role of antihypertensive agents, statins, and use of other maneuvers such as protein restriction and novel approaches are also discussed herein.
Mice Lacking Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase: Adult Mice with a Fetal Antigen Receptor Repertoire (1995)

TdT knock-out mice have established the role of this enzyme in vivo: TdT mediates the transition from the relatively limited fetal to the highly diverse adult antigen receptor repertoire by adding template independent "N" nucleotides and disrupting homology-directed recombination. Lacking this source of diversity, TdT degree mice harbor essentially fetal antigen receptor repertoires. In alpha beta TCRs, the TdT null mutation affects the length and diversity of the CDR3 loops thought to be important in "directing" MHC/peptide recognition. N- CDR3 loops appear to wield less influence than do their N+ counterparts--positive selection is more efficient in the TdT degree animals and the peripheral repertiore is more polyreactive and less peptide-oriented than is the N+ repertoire. However, this loss of specificity does not markedly diminish the response to specific peptides. Overall, mice harboring essentially fetal repertoires are robust and effectively respond to a wide variety of challenges to the immune system.
Sensing of transition metals through fluorescence quenching or enhancement. A review (1996)

A series of fluorescent sensors for transition metal ions were synthesized by linking a light-emitting subunit, anthracene, to a polyaza chelating subunit, either a dioxotetraamine or a tetraamine. Sensing of the divalent cations CuII, NiII and ZnII was investigated through spectrofluorimetric titrations in acetonitrile–N water (4:1) solutions. The selective recognition of CuII and NiII among other transition and non-transition metal ions is signalled through full quenching of fluorescence; discrimination between the two ions can be achieved by performing titrations at controlled pH. The system containing the tetraamine fragment, whose interaction with CuII and NiII induces fluorescence quenching, is also sensitive to ZnII, but in this case the recognition is signalled through a fluorescence enhancement.
Altered Expression of Transcription and Chromatin Remodeling Factors in Deletional HPFH. (2005)

Abstract Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin is a rare, heterogeneous and benign group of hereditary disorders with an abnormal switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin, resulting in high levels of Hb F in the adult stage. A total of six deletions related to HPFH have been described, associated with increased levels of both gamma chains. Three main hypotheses have been proposed to explain the relationship between these deletions and the non-suppression of gamma genes: the removal of competitive regions that interact with the LCR; the juxtaposition of enhancer elements; and the removal of silencers. Despite evidence to support these hypotheses, however, they are not conclusive. Recently, Xiang and cols (Abstract #1215, 2004 ASH Meeting; Blood, Volume 104, issue 11, November 16, 2004) developed a YAC construct with the whole beta-globin locus containing a deletion of approximately 83.5 Kb responsible for the HPFH-2. Unexpectedly, the gamma gene was completely silenced in the adult transgenic mice. These data suggest that other mechanisms could be involved in the increased levels of HbF in these conditions. The authors speculate that other regions upstream from the cluster may harbor this activity. We, herein, investigate the possible involvement of transcription factors, using the subtractive hybridization method to identify differentially expressed transcripts in reticulocytes from a normal subject and a HPFH-2 subject. We have identified 56 and 106 unique genes in the normal and HPFH-2 cDNA libraries, respectively. Some of these are transcription (zinc fingers and homeobox proteins) and chromatin remodeling (NAP and SWI like proteins) factors that could participate in globin gene regulation. These genes are located in cis or in trans to the deletion and their altered gene expression has been confirmed by Quantitative Real-time PCR in other two HPFH subjects. The data may present new clues about globin gene regulation, the increased expression of gamma gene in deletional HPFH and the dynamic organization of genes and chromosomes in cells.
P‐wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic media with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry (1995)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1995P‐wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic media with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetryAuthors: Andreas RuegerAndreas RuegerColorado School of Mineshttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887473 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887473FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byFinite Difference Scheme Based on the Lebedev Grid for Seismic Wave Propagation in Fractured Media15 June 2022 | Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 179, No. 8Quantitative Seismic Interpretation27 January 2010 | , Vol. 80Effects of fractures on NMO velocities and P‐wave azimuthal AVO responseFeng Shen, Xiang Zhu, and M. Nafi Toksöz24 May 2002 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 67, No. 3Reflection moveout inversion in azimuthally anisotropic media: accuracy, limitations and acquisition24 December 2001 | Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 47, No. 5Effects of attenuation and anisotropy on reflection amplitude versus offsetJosé M. Carcione, Hans B. Helle, and Tong Zhao7 February 2012 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 63, No. 5Determination of the principal directions of azimuthal anisotropy from P-wave seismic dataSubhashis Mallick, Kenneth L. Craft, Laurent J. Meister, and Ronald E. Chambers7 February 2012 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 63, No. 2Anisotropic reflection coefficients for a weak-contrast interfaceGeophysical Journal International, Vol. 132, No. 1 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1995 ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645 Copyright: 1995 Pages: 1566 publication data© 1995 Copyright © 1995 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Andreas Rueger, (1995), "P‐wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic media with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 278-281. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887473 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Enantioselective Diels—Alder Reactions of α‐Fluorinated α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. Part 5. Chemical Consequences of Fluorine Substitution. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Atomic and electronic structures of amorphous Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub>; melt-quenched versus ideal glasses (2010)

To investigate an amorphous structure of Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) that satisfies the 8-N rule (so-called 'ideal glass'), we perform alternative melt-quench simulations on Si(2)As(2)Se(5) and replace atoms in the final structure with Ge-Sb-Te. The resulting structures have salient features of the 8-N rule such as the tetrahedral configuration for all Ge atoms and the localized Te lone pairs at the valence top. In addition, the average Ge-Te and Sb-Te distances are in good agreement with experiment. The energetic stability of the ideal glass supports the existence of this amorphous structure that is distinct from the melt-quenched glass. From the analysis of electronic structures and optical dielectric constants, it is concluded that the electronic character of the melt-quenched amorphous Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) lies in between the resonant p-bonding of the crystalline phase and the covalent bonding of the ideal glass.
A device for minimizing the risk of overexposure of patients undergoing phototherapy (2002)

Phototherapy irradiation cabinets normally rely on one timer or dose meter in order to control the ultraviolet (UV) exposure of patients. Faults may occur in the electronic control, or the operator may set the prescribed dose incorrectly. If this happens, a patient will receive an exposure different from that intended, which in the case of overexposure may result in severe burning resulting in hospitalization. Some phototherapy equipment has secondary devices (e.g. mechanical timer) for controlling the dose in case the primary system fails. We have designed and built a secondary dose meter that sounds an alarm if an overdose is about to occur. The unique feature of our device is that it measures the irradiance level within the cabinet and uses this value in combination with the dose set by the operator, to calculate the alarm time. Using the measured irradiance value in this manner ensures that the calculated exposure time compensates for variations in UV output as the lamps age.
Antibiotic-induced persistence of cytotoxic Staphylococcus aureus in non-phagocytic cells (2004)

Objectives: After infection of non-phagocytic cells, some Staphylococcus aureus strains are able to survive and kill their host cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the action of various antibiotics on the survival of host cells and/or intracellular S. aureus. Methods: Murine keratinocyte (PAM212) and fibroblast (mKSA) cell lines were infected with cytotoxic S. aureus and cultured in the presence of various antibiotics at graded concentrations. The viability of host cells was measured 24 h after infection. To determine the bacterial viability within host cells, cellular lysates were prepared and colony forming units were quantified using a spiral plater. Host cells infected with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled S. aureus were analysed by flow cytometry and microscopy to determine the subcellular localization S. aureus. Results: Oxacillin, vancomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole did not rescue host cells from cell death induced by intracellular S. aureus. In contrast, linezolid, rifampicin, azithromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin suppressed the cytotoxic action of S. aureus. After withdrawal of antibiotics, intracellular S. aureus regained cytotoxic activity and killed their host cells. Only rifampicin was able to eliminate intracellular S. aureus completely within 72 h. In contrast, clindamycin, azithromycin and linezolid induced a state of intracellular persistence of viable S. aureus. Conclusions: Antibiotics commonly used for the management of S. aureus infections appear to create a niche for invasive intracellular S. aureus, which may play an important role for persistence and recurrence of infection. Because of its unique ability to eliminate intracellular S. aureus, rifampicin appears to be valuable for the treatment of invasive S. aureus infections.
A Selective Inhibitor of Drp1, Mdivi-1, Increases Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival in Acute Ischemic Mouse Retina (2011)

These findings suggest that altered Drp1 activity after acute IOP elevation may be an important component of a biochemical cascade leading to RGC death in ischemic retina.
Larvicidal, antimicrobial and brine shrimp activities of extracts from Cissampelos mucronata and Tephrosia villosa from coast region, Tanzania (2011)

These results support the use of C. mucronata in traditional medicine for treatment of wounds. Extracts of C. mucronata have potential to yield active antimicrobial and larvicidal compounds. The high brine shrimp toxicity of T. villosa corroborates with literature reports that the plant is toxic to both livestock and fish. The results further suggest that T. villosa extracts have potential to yield larvicidal and possibly cytotoxic compounds. Further studies to investigate the bioactive compounds responsible for the observed biological effects are suggested.
Secondary Structure and Hybridization Accessibility of Hepatitis C Virus 3′-Terminal Sequences (2002)

The 3'-terminal sequences of hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive- and negative-strand RNAs contribute cis-acting functions essential for viral replication. The secondary structure and protein-binding properties of these highly conserved regions are of interest not only for the further elucidation of HCV molecular biology, but also for the design of antisense therapeutic constructs. The RNA structure of the positive-strand 3' untranslated region has been shown previously to influence binding by various host and viral proteins and is thus thought to promote HCV RNA synthesis and genome stability. Recent studies have attributed analogous functions to the negative-strand 3' terminus. We evaluated the HCV negative-strand secondary structure by enzymatic probing with single-strand-specific RNases and thermodynamic modeling of RNA folding. The accessibility of both 3'-terminal sequences to hybridization by antisense constructs was evaluated by RNase H cleavage mapping in the presence of combinatorial oligodeoxynucleotide libraries. The mapping results facilitated identification of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides and a 10-23 deoxyribozyme active against the positive-strand 3'-X region RNA in vitro.