gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of 1,4-benzodiazepine cholecystokinin type B antagonists (1993)

A series of 3-(arylureido)-5-phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepines, nonpeptidal antagonists of the peptide hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), are described. Derived by reasoned modification of the CCK-A selective 3-carboxamido-1,4-benzodiazepine, MK-329, this paper chronicles the development of potent, orally effective compounds in which selectivity for the CCK-B receptor subtype was achieved. The principal lead structure that emerged from these studied is L-365,260, a compound which has been submitted for clinical evaluation. Details of the ability to modulate the receptor interactions of these benzodiazepines by appropriate structure modifications are discussed which imply the possibility of further refining the CCK-B receptor affinity and selectivity of this class of compounds.
Field calibration of a cluster of low-cost available sensors for air quality monitoring. Part A: Ozone and nitrogen dioxide (2015)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2008
Traffic Flow Classification and Visualization for Network Forensic Analysis (2015)

This paper presents an iterative visualization technique including the timeline and parallel coordinates to illustrate network communication for forensic analysis. In primarily analysis process, the timeline of events is reconstructed from traffic logs. An analyst can track the related anomaly event on-demand. In addition the details of abnormal and normal activities are shown in multiple dimensions of parallel coordinates. The novelty of this research is not a presentation of the timeline and parallel coordinates technique, but iterative visualization framework to illustrate both anomaly traffic and application traffic pattern. We applied frequent item-set mining to search dominant traffic flow and classify them by traffic flow shape and entropy. Although some studies have been applied frequent item-set mining with traffic dataset, but as we have known, this is the first research to 1) take advantages of the frequent item-set mining and parallel coordinates, which allow us to find both the anomaly traffic and application traffic and it can easily understand the patterns of traffic flow with the multi-dimensional visualization, and 2) classify the application traffic from the entropy values of traffic flow discovered by frequent item-set mining. This method is able to classify the encrypted traffic data and it does not violate a user privacy. The results of this research and development of a visual network communication tool can: 1) show abnormalities and normal communication activities, 2) have application traffic classification 92% accurate, 3) be a visual network communication prototype which helps an analyst to find the cause of the network malfunction.
Calibration of scanning tunneling microscope transducers using optical beam deflection (1989)

An accurate, sensitive, easily implemented method of calibration of the elastic displacement of piezoelectric transducers used in scanning tunneling microscopes has been developed. The axial displacement for both static and harmonic excitation has been measured using laser beam deflection amplified by an optical magnification system. For harmonic excitation where lock-in amplifier detection can be utilized, displacements as small as 0.03 Å have been measured. Measurements on PZT-5H and PZT-8 transducers over a range of five orders of magnitude in applied voltage demonstrate the power of the method in calibration of displacements from the subangstrom to the nonlinear region with an uncertainty of about 4%.
Melanoma Trainer Using Simulated Back Skin (2012)

The melanoma trainer using simulated back skin is a reliable model that can be stored and used frequently over a long period. The trainer will allow students to assess a range of pigmented lesions that would not be found on 1 patient.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Activation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β1–Type II Receptor Signaling Within the Aged Arterial Wall (2006)

Active TGF-beta1, its receptor, and receptor-mediated signaling increase within the aortic wall with aging. TGF-beta1 activation is dependent, in part at least, by a concomitant age-associated increase in MMP-2 activity. Thus, MMP-2-activated TGF-beta1, and subsequently TbetaRII signaling, is a novel molecular mechanism for arterial aging.
Characteristics of Stress-strain Behaviour for Unsaturated Weathered Granite Soil (2003)

A series of consolidated drained and constant water content triaxial compression tests were performed on the samples of compacted granite soil in a modified triaxial cell that allowed separate control of pore air pressure () and pore water pressure () in order to examine the characteristics of pore pressure, volume change and stress-strain behavior during loading conditions. Triaxial samples of unsaturated weathered granite soil, 50 mm in diameter and 100 mm height, were prepared by compaction in a mould. These samples were tested at 3 different suction values () for unsaturated weathered granite soil and at 3 different confining stresses (). Results showed a tendency to increase only effective cohesion without variation of friction angle, according to matrix suction.
Cell proliferation, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage in rat B50 neuronal cells after cisplatin treatment (2008)

CisPt exerts cytotoxic effects in the neuronal B50 cell line via a caspase-dependent pathway with mitochondria being central relay stations.
A Simplified Up-Down Method (SUDO) for Measuring Mechanical Nociception in Rodents Using von Frey Filaments (2014)

SUDO thus offers an accurate, fast and user-friendly replacement for the widely used up-down method of Chaplan et al.
Social-Networks Connect Services (2010)

New services such as Facebook Platform, Google Friend Connect, and MySpacelD let third-party sites develop social applications without having to build their own social network. These social-networks connect services increase access to and enrich user data in the Social Web, although they also present several security and privacy challenges.
Use of monoclonal antibodies for quantitative analysis of antigens in normal and neoplastic tissues. (1981)

We describe two methods of analyzing tissues for cell-surface antigens identified by monoclonal antibodies. The first method is a binding assay, in which a membrane fraction prepared by differential centrifugation of a tissue homogenate is incubated with 125I-labeled antibody. The specificity of the observed binding is established by competition with unlabeled antibody. The second method, double-determinant immunoassay, involves two monoclonal antibodies that recognize two distinct epitopes of the antigen molecule. An immunoabsorbent prepared from one of the antibodies is incubated with a detergent lysate of the tissue. The immunoabsorbent is then washed and incubated with the 125I-labeled second antibody. In both assays the amount of radiolabeled antibody bound is proportional to the amount of antigen in the test sample, and the limit of detection is approximately 10 pg of antibody, corresponding to less than 1 fmol of antigen.
Surface imaging by silylation for low voltage electron-beam lithography (1994)

Electron-beam lithography with low voltage electrons offers a number of advantages. Low voltage electrons have short penetration depths. Therefore, backscattering from the substrate which causes the proximity effect as well as radiation damage in the substrate are potentially minimized or excluded. As a consequence, a top surface imaging resist technology should be applied. The surface imaging by silylation was combined with low voltage electron exposure using 1.8-, 3-, and 5-keV electrons. Resist structures down to 50 nm are shown.
Automated Computer Screening of Chest Radiographs for Pneumoconiosis (1976)

The results of two complementary approaches for performing diagnostic screening for the presence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) from the routine posterior-anterior chest radiograph are presented. The first is a digital approach utilizing the measurement of image texture, while the second uses hybrid optical-digital methods involving the optical Fourier transform. Both approaches yield classification results comparable to experienced radiologists.
Development and validation according to European Union Decision 2002/657/EC of an HPLC‐DAD method for milk multi‐residue analysis of penicillins and amphenicols based on dispersive extraction by QuEChERS in MSPD format (2011)

A precise and reliable method for milk residue analysis regarding five penicillins and three amphenicols by HPLC-diode array detection has been developed herein. The chromatographic separation was performed using a mobile phase of CH3 COONH4 (0.05 M) and ACN delivered by gradient program on a Kinetex(™) -C18 core-shell, 2.6 μm column, starting at a volume ratio of 95:5 and ending at 60:40 after 17 min, remaining stable for 3 more min. A modified matrix solid phase dispersion procedure was applied for the extraction and clean-up procedure of antibiotics using a mixture of Strata by Phenomenex and QuEChERS as a sorbent. The method was validated at the respective 0.5× MRL, MRL and 1.5 ×MRL level for each compound. Results were quantitated against the internal standard paracetamol (2 ng/μL) according to the matrix-matched approach. The method was validated in line with the EC guidelines as cited in the Decision 2002/657/EC. The within-laboratory reproducibility, expressed as a RSD, never exceeded 16%. All decision limit (CCα) values lay in the range between 35.2 and 56.3 μg/kg and the corresponding results for detection capability (CCβ) were 39.9 and 61.9 μg/kg. Ruggedness was estimated according to the Youden approach.
Transcriptomic Concentration-Response Evaluation of Valproic Acid, Cyproconazole, and Hexaconazole in the Neural Embryonic Stem Cell Test (ESTn) (2011)

Alternative developmental toxicity assays are urgently needed to reduce animal use in regulatory developmental toxicology. We previously designed an in vitro murine neural embryonic stem cell test (ESTn) as a model for neurodevelopmental toxicity testing (Theunissen et al., 2010). Toxicogenomic approaches have been suggested for incorporation into the ESTn to further increase predictivity and to provide mechanistic insights. Therefore, in this study, using a transcriptomic approach, we investigated the concentration-dependent effects of three known (neuro) developmental toxicants, two triazoles, cyproconazole (CYP) and hexaconazole (HEX), and the anticonvulsant valproic acid (VPA). Compound effects on gene expression during neural differentiation and corresponding regulated gene ontology (GO) terms were identified after 24 h of exposure in relation to morphological changes on day 11 of culture. Concentration-dependent responses on individual gene expression and on biological processes were determined for each compound, providing information on mechanism and concentration-response characteristics. All compounds caused enrichment of the embryonic development process. CYP and VPA but not HEX significantly enriched the neuron development process. Furthermore, specific responses for triazole compounds and VPA were observed within the GO-term sterol metabolic process. The incorporation of transcriptomics in the ESTn was shown to enable detection of effects, which precede morphological changes and provide a more sensitive measure of concentration-dependent effects as compared with classical morphological assessments. Furthermore, mechanistic insight can be instrumental in the extrapolation of effects in the ESTn to human hazard assessment.
Interactive presurgical simulation applying advanced 3D imaging and modeling techniques for skull base and deep tumors (2013)

The authors' presurgical simulation method applying advanced 3D imaging and modeling techniques provided a realistic environment for practicing microsurgical procedures virtually and enabled the authors to ascertain complex microsurgical anatomy, to determine the optimal surgical strategies, and also to efficiently educate neurosurgical trainees, especially during surgery for skull base and deep tumors.
Hypoxia-selective antitumor agents. 2. Electronic effects of 4-substituents on the mechanisms of cytotoxicity and metabolic stability of nitracrine derivatives (1989)

The mechanism of cytotoxicity of a series of 4-substituted derivatives of 9-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amino]-1-nitroacridine (nitracrine) has been studied, using a panel of DNA repair-defective mutants of the Chinese hamster ovary cell line AA8. Cell lines UV-4 and UV-5 were hypersensitive to nitracrine, with sensitivities approximately 10-fold greater than that of AA8, while EM-9 showed a hypersensitivity factor (HF) of about 2-fold. This pattern suggests the major cytotoxic lesions induced by nitracrine are bulky DNA monoadducts, rather than DNA interstrand cross-links as previously suggested. The desnitro analogue of nitracrine, which retains the intercalative potential of the latter but cannot be metabolically activated by nitro reduction, showed no hypersensitivity, indicating the specificity with which this panel of cell lines can discriminate different types of DNA damage. Several of the highly cytotoxic 4-substituted nitracrine derivatives showed HFs similar to that of the parent, but the less potent 4-dialkylamino and 4-COOMe derivatives showed much lower HFs for UV-4, suggesting that different mechanisms of cytotoxicity contribute. All compounds showed similar HFs under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions, indicating that hypoxia-selective toxicity in this series is due to a quantitative rather than qualitative change in the presence of oxygen. Rates of metabolic consumption of the compounds were measured under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions by bioassay against the sensitive UV-4 cell line. The results agreed well with previous inferences on metabolic stability derived from cell-killing kinetics and showed that electron-donating 4-substituents can be used to increase metabolic stability in vitro. Such stabilization may enhance the therapeutic utility of the nitroacridines in cancer therapy since rapid metabolism of nitracrine appears to prevent its activity against hypoxic cells in solid tumors.
ALS2/Alsin Regulates Rac-PAK Signaling and Neurite Outgrowth (2005)

Rac and its downstream effectors p21-activated kinase (PAK) family kinases regulate actin dynamics within growth cones to control neurite outgrowth during development. The activity of Rac is stimulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that promote GDP release and GTP binding. ALS2/Alsin is a recently described GEF that contains a central domain that is predicted to regulate the activities of Rac and/or Rho and Cdc42 activities. Mutations in ALS2 cause some recessive familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but the function of ALS2 is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that ALS2 is present within growth cones of neurons, in which it co-localizes with Rac. Furthermore, ALS2 stimulates Rac but not Rho or Cdc42 activities, and this induces a corresponding increase in PAK1 activity. Finally, we demonstrate that ALS2 promotes neurite outgrowth. Defects in these functions may therefore contribute to motor neuron demise in ALS.
The Evolution of Inductive Loading for Bell System Telephone Facilities (1951)

THIS is the story of the contributions of inductive loading in the growth of the Bell Telephone System to its present great stature. In particular, it tells how these contributions have been made. We see in it the great economic value of organized research, of research scientists and design and development engineers, of manufacturing skill and care, and of the application of sound engineering principles to the design of the telephone plant.
The relationship between the circulating IGF system and the presence of retinopathy in Type 1 diabetic patients (2003)

Our study gives no evidence of a direct role of circulating free IGF-I in the development of PDR, whereas IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-1-bound IGF-I showed a relationship with the degree of retinopathy. However, further investigations are needed in order to clarify the basis and clinical relevance of this finding.
A Double-Surface Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure With One Surface Embedded in Power Plane for Ultra-Wideband SSN Suppression (2007)

In this letter, a double-surface electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure with one EBG surface embedded in power plane is proposed for ultra-wideband simultaneous switching noise (SSN) suppression in printed circuit boards. The SSN suppression bandwidth is broadened to wider than 30 GHz with a low start frequency by combining traditional EBG structure and the coplanar EBG structure which is embedded in the power plane. Because the coplanar EBG surface is embedded in the power plane, no additional metal layer is introduced by the double-surface EBG structure. Simulations and measurements are performed to verify the broadband SSN suppression, high performance is observed.
A Coupled Wellbore-Reservoir Simulator utilizing Measured Wellhead Conditions (2012)

Modeling a geothermal system requires simulating the behavior of a reservoir and the flow in production wells, which is usually done individually. The main objective in this study is to develop a coupled wellbore-reservoir simulator to allow for more integrated modeling and to use wellhead conditions to a greater extent than has been done so far by defining them as main inputs to the coupled model. The program TOUGH2 is used to simulate the behavior of a reservoir while a new model, FloWell, is used to simulate two phase flow in a wellbore. Furthermore, the model design in FloWell and in TOUGH2 is improved by calibration with the parameter estimation program iTOUGH2 during the coupling procedure. Emphasis is placed on adjusting the permeability distribution in a reservoir, productivity indices of wells and parameters in void fraction correlations for there are some great uncertainties involved in the assessment of these parameters, which have led to disagreement among investigators. This paper discusses in detail the methodology behind the coupling procedure and raises questions like: What can be accomplished with this coupled model? What are the limitations of the coupled model? The proposed coupling procedure in this paper is put to a test by examining the Reykjanes geothermal field located in the southwestern corner of Iceland and results analyzed.
Second-order self-similar identities and multifractal decompositions (2000)

Motivated by the study of convolutions of the Cantor measure, we set up a framework for computing the multifractal L q -spectrum (q), q > 0, for certain overlapping selfsimilar measures which satisfy a family of second-order identities introduced by Strichartz et al. We apply our results to the family of iterated function systems
Influence of operating frequency and coupling coefficient on the efficiency of microfabricated inductively coupled plasma sources (2002)

Microfabricated inductively coupled plasma (mICP) generators, operating at 690 and 818 MHz, have been constructed and characterized. The mICP consists of a single-turn coil that is 5 mm in diameter and a microfabricated matching network. Ion densities of ~9×1010 cm-3 in argon at 400 mTorr consuming only 1 W were obtained. This ion density is three times larger than previous mICP sources under the same conditions. The influence of the frequency of operation and the coupling coefficient on the power efficiency has also been studied. Contrary to what was observed in former generations of mICP sources operating at lower frequencies, the efficiency of the new mICP sources decreases as the frequency increases. A model that incorporates the electron inertia, the power dependence of the plasma resistance and the frequency dependence of the coil resistance agrees with the new experimental results as well as with the results of previous mICP sources. It was also observed that bringing the coil closer to the plasma increases the coupling coefficient of the ICP sources and thereby improves the efficiency of the device. The improvement in efficiency, however, is limited by the non-scalable plasma sheath width near the coil.
Symmetric self-electro-optic effect device: Optical set-reset latch (1988)

We demonstrate an integrated symmetric self-electro-optic effect device consisting of two quantum well p-i-n diodes electrically connected in series. The device acts as a bistable optical memory element with individual set (S) and reset (R) inputs and complementary outputs (optical S-R latch). The switching point is determined by the ratio of the two inputs, making the device insensitive to optical power supply fluctuations when both power beams are derived from the same source. The device also shows time-sequential gain, in that the state can be set using low-power beams and read out with subsequent high-power beams. The device showed bistability for voltages greater than 3 V, incident optical switching energy densities of ∼16 fJ/μm2, and was tested to a switching time of 40 ns.
Impact of cross-phase modulation on WDM transmission over dispersion-shifted fiber (2005)

Summary form only given. In summary, we performed a l0-Gbit/s four-channel transmission and verified that the cross phase modulation (XPM) combined with typical variation of fiber dispersion can significantly degrade the WDM transmission performance over dispersion shifted fiber (DSF), for the first time.
An Ultrafine, Water-Based Condensation Particle Counter and its Evaluation under Field Conditions (2008)

An ultrafine, water-based condensation particle counter (U-WCPC, TSI Model 3786) has been compared to a butanol-based ultrafine counter (U-BCPC, TSI Model 3025) for measurement of atmospheric and freeway-tunnel aerosols. The U-WCPC utilizes a warm, wet-walled growth tube to activate and grow particles through water condensation in a laminar-flow. It has an aerosol sampling rate of 0.3 L/min, and a nominal detection limit near 3 nm. Several field comparisons were made to the butanol-based instrument with the same nominal detection limit. For measurements of size-selected aerosols with diameters of 5 nm and larger the two instruments generally agreed, with a mean response within 5%. At 3 nm particle size differences were observed, and these differences varied with the data set. Measurements of ambient aerosol in Boulder, Colorado showed higher counting efficiency at 3 nm with the U-BCPC, while in a California freeway tunnel the opposite trend was observed, with higher counting efficiencies at 3 nm observed by the U-WCPC. For direct measurement of atmospheric aerosols, the two types of instruments yielded equivalent concentrations, independent of particle number concentration.
Degenerative ataxias: genetics, pathogenesis and animal models. (1997)

At present, seven inherited neurodegenerative disorders have been identified to be caused by the polyglutamine-coding CAG triplet expansions in the genes responsible. The long stretch of polyglutamines appears to play a key role in the pathogenesis. Disease models, just recently established with cultured cells and animals, will enable elucidation of common disease mechanisms and treatments.
Microemboli in aortic valve replacement (2006)

Microembolic signals (MES) can be detected in many recipients of mechanical aortic valve prostheses by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. The nature and etiology of these MES have remained unclear for a long time. The solid and gaseous nature of MES are discussed, as well as whether or not MES may reflect artifacts. Recently, the gaseous nature of these MES has been widely established. To understand the physics of bubble formation related to mechanical heart valve prostheses, it is necessary to discuss the different types of cavitation occurring at the prostheses and the conditions leading to the degassing of blood. We describe the history of transcranial Doppler ultrasound-techniques and the current techniques in the measurement of these signals. Furthermore, the possible clinical impact of MES, as well as strategies for the design of new prostheses and surgical alternatives to diminish their load are discussed.