gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mars Entry Atmospheric Data System Modeling and Algorithm Development (2009)

The Mars Entry Atmospheric Data System (MEADS) is being developed as part of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation (MEDLI) project. The MEADS project involves installing an array of seven pressure transducers linked to ports on the MSL forebody to record the surface pressure distribution during atmospheric entry. These measured surface pressures are used to generate estimates of atmospheric quantities based on modeled surface pressure distributions. In particular, the quantities to be estimated from the MEADS pressure measurements include the total pressure, dynamic pressure, Mach number, angle of attack, and angle of sideslip. Secondary objectives are to estimate atmospheric winds by coupling the pressure measurements with the on-board Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data. This paper provides details of the algorithm development, MEADS system performance based on calibration, and uncertainty analysis for the aerodynamic and atmospheric quantities of interest. The work presented here is part of the MEDLI performance pre-flight validation and will culminate with processing flight data after Mars entry in 2012.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF O‐CARBOXYPHENYLAMINOPYRIMIDINES (1984)

Abstract Die 2‐Chlor‐pyrimidine (I) reagieren mit Anilin, Hydrazin und Anthranil‐Säure in Gegenwart von Natrium‐methylat zu den Diaminopyrimidinen (II).
Transmission systems for the BISDN (1991)

Subscriber access capacity corresponding to the first level of the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), which has been agreed upon as an international standard for broadband ISDN, is discussed. The subscriber access reference configuration defined by the International Consultative Committee for Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT) is described, as is the structure of the transmission network. Suggested transmission systems or systems already implemented are then examined. The discussion covers asynchronous transfer mode, multiplexing and framing, trunk line systems, subscriber line systems, optical transmission, and TV distribution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A unified model for stable and temporal topic detection from social media data (2013)

Web 2.0 users generate and spread huge amounts of messages in online social media. Such user-generated contents are mixture of temporal topics (e.g., breaking events) and stable topics (e.g., user interests). Due to their different natures, it is important and useful to distinguish temporal topics from stable topics in social media. However, such a discrimination is very challenging because the user-generated texts in social media are very short in length and thus lack useful linguistic features for precise analysis using traditional approaches. In this paper, we propose a novel solution to detect both stable and temporal topics simultaneously from social media data. Specifically, a unified user-temporal mixture model is proposed to distinguish temporal topics from stable topics. To improve this model's performance, we design a regularization framework that exploits prior spatial information in a social network, as well as a burst-weighted smoothing scheme that exploits temporal prior information in the time dimension. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate our proposal on two real data sets obtained from Del.icio.us and Twitter. The experimental results verify that our mixture model is able to distinguish temporal topics from stable topics in a single detection process. Our mixture model enhanced with the spatial regularization and the burst-weighted smoothing scheme significantly outperforms competitor approaches, in terms of topic detection accuracy and discrimination in stable and temporal topics.
[The biochemistry of alcohol metabolism]. (1988)

The metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde in the liver proceeds via alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MOS), whereas catalase plays no significant role. ADH is an enzyme of the cytosol, requires NAD+ as cofactor and exhibits a pH optimum in the alkaline range. The Km of ADH is about 2 mM for ethanol (equivalent to 0.1%). Thus, the enzyme is already saturated at low ethanol concentrations. Conversely, MEOS resides in the endoplasmic reticulum, requires NADPH and O2, is inhibited by CO and exhibits a km of about 10 mM corresponding to 0.5% ethanol. This enzyme system is therefore primarily the pathway of ethanol metabolism at intermediate to high ethanol concentrations. MEOS has many properties in common with other drug metabolizing enzymes and is characterized by inducibility following chronic ethanol consumption, which suggests the involvement of the microsomal system in the adaptive enhancement of ethanol clearance commonly observed in alcoholics. The product of ethanol oxidation by ADH, MEOS and catalase is acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is oxidized in the liver to acetate by NAD dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase. Four isozymes have been identified. Lack of isozyme I is responsible for the "flush-syndrome" commonly observed in asian people following alcohol intake. Ethanol metabolism is affected by the aging process and is decreased with advancing age.
ATM circuit emulation-a comparison of recent techniques (2002)

The authors compare recently developed timing recovery methods for circuit emulation in broadband packet networks. It is generally believed that synchronous methods such as the synchronous frequency encoding technique (SFET) offer faster convergence and simpler implementation than phase-lock techniques that recover source rate from the jittery packet arrival stream. It is shown that this belief does not extend to recently reported phase-lock methods, particularly the time difference of arrival (TDOA) estimator. The authors derive the convergence behavior of the TDOA method and show that it is comparable to SFET. It is also shown that the implementation complexities of the two methods are comparable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic Statistical Parametric Neurotechnique Mapping: Combining fMRI and MEG for High-Resolution Imaging of Cortical Activity (2000)

of focal sources (Sherg and VonCramon, 1985; Schmidt Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can et al., 1999). An additional constraint can be derived provide maps of brain activation with millimeter spatial from the assumption that the sources are temporally resolution but is limited in its temporal resolution to uncorrelated (Mosher et al., 1992). These assumptions the order of seconds. Here, we describe a technique are particularly appropriate when analyzing early senthat combines structural and functional MRI with magsory responses, where the activity might reasonably be netoencephalography (MEG) to obtain spatiotemporal expected to be relatively focal and constrained to a maps of human brain activity with millisecond tempofew primary sensory areas. On the other hand, such ral resolution. This new technique was used to obtain assumptions are less justified in higher-level cognitive dynamic statistical parametric maps of cortical activexperiments, which have been found by intracranial reity during semantic processing of visually presented cordings in humans to involve extensive networks of words. An initial wave of activity was found to spread more or less synchronously activated brain areas (Halrapidly from occipital visual cortex to temporal, parigren et al., 1994a, 1994b, 1995a, 1995b; Baudena et al., etal, and frontal areas within 185 ms, with a high de1995). Similarly, the interictal spikes characteristic of gree of temporal overlap between different areas. Reppartial epilepsy typically spread very rapidly to involve etition effects were observed in many of the same a network extended across multiple cortical and limbic areas following this initial wave of activation, providing regions (Chauvel et al., 1987). evidence for the involvement of feedback mechanisms An alternative approach to analyzing EEG/MEG sigin repetition priming. nals is to impose constraints based on anatomical and
<title>Security analysis of public key watermarking schemes</title> (2001)

Traditional watermarking systems require the complete disclosure of the watermarking key in the watermark verification process. In most systems an attacker is able to remove the watermark completely once the key is known, thus subverting the intention of copyright protection. To cope with this problem, public-key watermarking schemes were proposed that allow asymmetric watermark detection. Whereas a public key is used to insert watermarks in digital objects, the marks can be verified with a private key. Knowledge of this private key does not allow piracy. We describe two public-key watermarking schemes which are similar in spirit to zero-knowledge proofs. The key idea of one system is to verify a watermark in a blinded version of the document, where the scrambling is determined by the private key. A probabilistic protocol is constructed that allows public watermark detection with probability of 1/2; by iteration, the verifier can get any degree of certainty that the watermark is present. The second system is based on watermark attacks, using controlled counterfeiting to conceal real watermark data safely amid data useless to an attacker.
Lunar dust and lunar simulant activation and monitoring (2009)

Abstract— NASA plans to resume human exploration of the Moon in the next decade. One of the pressing concerns is the effect that lunar dust (the fraction of the lunar regolith <20 μm in diameter) will have on systems, both human and mechanical, due to the fact that various problems were caused by dust during the Apollo missions. The loss of vacuum integrity in the lunar sample containers during the Apollo era ensured that the present lunar samples are not in the same condition as they were on the Moon; they have been passivated by oxygen and water vapor. To mitigate the harmful effects of lunar dust on humans, methods of “reactivating” the dust must be developed for experimentation, and, ideally, it should be possible to monitor the level of activity to determine methods of deactivating the dust in future lunar habitats. Here we present results demonstrating that simple grinding, as a simple analog to micrometeorite crushing, is apable of substantially activating lunar dust and lunar simulant, and it is possible to determine the level of chemical activity by monitoring the ability of the dust to produce hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution. Comparisons between ground samples of lunar dust, lunar simulant, and quartz reveal that ground lunar dust is capable of producing over three times the amount of hydroxyl radicals as lunar simulant and an order of magnitude more than ground quartz.
Two-mode photonic crystal fiber interferometer for temperature and strain sensing (2009)

A compact in-line interferometer is demonstrated by splicing a piece of two-mode photonic crystal fiber (TPCF) between two segments of single mode fiber (SMF). The TPCF is completely homemade and carefully simulated by finite element method based on the real cross section. It is firstly verified that the interference occurred between LP01 and LP11even modes and the period of the interference pattern was inversely proportional to the length of TPCF. The temperatures and strain induced interference pattern shifts with sensitivities of −43pm/°C and −0.62pm/µe are experimentally monitored.
A chromosomally encoded two-component sensory transduction system is required for virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (1993)

TnphoA mutagenesis of Agrobacterium tumefaciens identified new extracytoplasmic protein-encoding virulence loci. Mutations in these loci conferred increased sensitivity to detergents and several antibiotics. Clones carrying these loci were isolated from an A. tumefaciens cosmid library by complementation of the detergent sensitivities of the mutants. The locus on one complementing clone was delineated by Tn5 and TnphoA mutagenesis. DNA sequence analysis of the delineated region revealed that this locus is made up of two transcriptional units, chvG and chvI, which were predicted, on the basis of amino acid sequence homology, to encode the members of a two-component sensory transduction system. The membrane-spanning sensor, a histidine protein kinase, was designated ChvG, and the response regulator, presumably a transcriptional activator, was designated ChvI. Surprisingly, ChvG was also predicted to contain a Walker type A consensus nucleotide binding site, which is unusual for sensor histidine protein kinases. Site-specific insertion mutations in either chvG or chvI abolished tumor formation ability, as well as the ability to grow on complex media. Neither the genes which are regulated nor the inducing signal is known yet for this system.
Two-dimensional effects in titanium silicidation (1998)

New experimental results are reported on the two-dimensional (2-D) effects associated with titanium silicidation on small and nonuniform structures. Based on a unique set of test structures, new insight into the silicidation process is obtained. Small geometry by itself does not seem to be restraining silicide formation. Thick silicide is demonstrated to form on the vertical surface of silicon posts of 1000 /spl Aring/ radius and on top of 1200 /spl Aring/ wide silicon lines. Also discussed are the possible roles of mechanical stress and the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface in the 2-D silicidation and diffusion processes. The original data presented here will be useful in further analysis and simulation of 2-D silicidation process.
Quantum aspects of brain activity and the role of consciousness. (1992)

The relationship of brain activity to conscious intentions is considered on the basis of the functional microstructure of the cerebral cortex. Each incoming nerve impulse causes the emission of transmitter molecules by the process of exocytosis. Since exocytosis is a quantal phenomenon of the presynaptic vesicular grid with a probability much less than 1, we present a quantum mechanical model for it based on a tunneling process of the trigger mechanism. Consciousness manifests itself in mental intentions. The consequent voluntary actions become effective by momentary increases of the probability of vesicular emission in the thousands of synapses on each pyramidal cell by quantal selection.
Analysis of the <i>kefA2</i> mutation suggests that KefA is a cation‐specific channel involved in osmotic adaptation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2002)

Mechanosensitive channels play an essential role in the regulation of turgor pressure in bacteria. In Escherichia coli, there are multiple mechanosensitive channels that have been characterized genetically: MscL, YggB and KefA. In this report, we describe the cloning of the kefA gene, the organization of the KefA protein and the phenotype of a missense mutation, kefA, which affects the KefA mechanosensitive channel. The altered function of the channel is manifest through increased sensitivity to K+ during growth at low osmolarity and complete inhibition of growth in media containing high K+ concentrations (0.6 M) in the presence of betaine or proline. Growth in high Na+ medium (0.6 M NaCl plus 20 mM K+) is normal. Analysis of the cytoplasmic pools shows that the mutant cannot regulate the K+ content of the cytoplasm when grown in high K+ medium. However, regulation of pools of amino acids is essentially normal and the mutant can accumulate high pools of proline during growth inhibition. The mutant shows increased sensitivity to acid hypo-osmotic shock (transition from neutral to acid pH combined with a reduction in osmolarity). The data are consistent with abnormal regulation of KefA in the presence of high K+ concentrations and either betaine or proline.
74‐3: Multicolor 1250 ppi OLED Arrays Patterened by Photolithography (2016)

In this paper, we demonstrate multicolor OLEDs patterned sideby‐side by photolithography. 1250 ppi arrays with 10 μm subpixel pitch are shown. The chemically amplified, i‐line photoresist enables submicron pitch and aperture ratio above 60%. OLED photolithography paves the road to cost‐effective, full‐color displays with 4K and 8K resolution.
Evaluation of mannitol salt agar with oxacillin as a screening medium for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1985)

We evaluated the use of mannitol salt agar with oxacillin for use as a primary screening medium for the simultaneous detection and identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in clinical surveillance specimens. Oxacillin agar dilution susceptibility tests with mannitol salt agar and Mueller-Hinton agar were performed in parallel with disk-agar diffusion testing on 95 oxacillin-susceptible and 105 oxacillin-resistant S. aureus stock isolates. MICs were found to be comparable, showing distinct separation of susceptible and resistant isolates into two groups with MICs of less than or equal to 2 and greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml, respectively. In accord with these findings, 4 micrograms of oxacillin per ml was selected for use in the screening medium. For performance evaluation, mannitol salt agar with 4 micrograms of oxacillin per ml was compared with mannitol salt agar without oxacillin by performing parallel screening tests on 153 clinical surveillance specimens. For detection of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, mannitol salt agar with 4 micrograms of oxacillin per ml was as sensitive as mannitol salt agar without oxacillin and required significantly fewer confirmatory tests. For primary identification of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, mannitol salt agar with 4 micrograms of oxacillin per ml was 6.4% false-positive and 1.1% false-negative, with a 93.6% positive predictive value. These findings indicate that mannitol salt agar with 4 micrograms of oxacillin per ml can be used as a reliable and cost-effective screening medium for the simultaneous detection and identification of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in clinical surveillance specimens.
Polyurethane / Clay Nanocomposites 의 제조와 특성에 관한 연구 (2000)

A polyurethane(PU)/clay nanocomposite based on poly(tetramethylene glycol)(PTMG), trifunctional polyisocyanate and montmorillonite was synthesized. It was found that montmorillonite exchanged with long chain opium ions are easily solvated by PTMG. After the polyol dispersed clay was cured with polyisocyanate, tensile modulus and tensile strength as well as the tensile strain was increased. And, the cured film was transparent. The structure/property relationships of these filled polyurethane elastomers were investigated.
Role of the Amino- and Carboxy-Terminal Regions in the Folding and Oligomerization of Wheat High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits (1992)

The high molecular weight glutenin subunits are considered one of the most important components of wheat (Triticum aestivum) gluten, but their structure and interactions with other gluten proteins are still unknown. Understanding the role of these proteins in gluten formation may be aided by analyses of the conformation and interactions of individual wild-type and modified subunits expressed in heterologous systems. In the present report, the bacterium Escherichia coli was used to synthesize four naturally occurring X- and Y-type wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunits of the Glu-1D locus, as well as four bipartite chimeras of these proteins. Naturally occurring subunits synthesized in the bacteria exhibited sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis migration properties identical to those of high molecular weight glutenin subunits extracted from wheat grains. Wild-type and chimeric subunits migrated in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels differently than expected based on their molecular weights due to conformational properties of their N- and C-terminal regions. Results from cycles of reductive cleavage and oxidative reformation were consistent with the formation of both inter- and intramolecular disulfide bonds in patterns and proportions that differed among specific high molecular weight glutenin species. Comparison of the chimeric and wild-type proteins indicated that the two C-terminal cysteines of the Y-type subunits are linked by intramolecular disulfide bonds, suggesting that the role of these cysteines in glutenin polymerization may be limited.
Bi-directional electrothermal electromagnetic actuators (2007)

A new breed of in-plane bi-directional MEMS actuators based on controlled electrothermal buckling and electromagnetic Lorentz force has been demonstrated under both dc and ac operations. Experimentally, bi-directional actuators made by the standard surface-micromachining process have a lateral actuation range of several microns and can exert forces over 100 µN, while those made by SOI and MetalMUMPs processes have an operation range up to several tens of microns and can exert more than 20 mN of force. Reliability tests show that SOI/MetalMUMPs and surface-micromachined actuators can operate for more than 1 and 100 million cycles, respectively, with no signs of degradation. As such, these micro-actuators could be used for MEMS devices that require a bi-directional movement with a large force output such as bi-directional micro-relays.
β-lactams against emerging ‘superbugs’: progress and pitfalls (2008)

Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is an ever-growing problem. So-called 'superbugs', such as multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa harboring multiple resistance determinants, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases, carbapenemases, efflux pumps and downregulated outer-membrane proteins or porins, are becoming more prevalent in hospital, intensive and long-term care settings. Enterobacteriaceae are also acquiring a myriad of β-lactamases, such as class A and D carbapenemases, and plasmid-borne class C cephalosporinases. Gram-positive superbugs, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate or heteroglycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP), are problematic pathogens, both in the hospital and in the community (e.g., community-acquired MRSA and PRSP). β-lactam antibiotics remain among the most effective and safest anti-infectives in use, although their utility is being severely challenged by these superbugs. This review will discuss aspects of resistance seen in these pathogens and will review some of the newer β-lactam agents, both investigational and in clinical use, that target these superbugs.
Power efficient resource allocation strategies for layered video delivery over eMBMS networks (2014)

In this paper we propose couple power allocation strategies for layered video services delivery over evolved Multimedia Multicast/Broadcast Service (eMBMS) networks. The proposed allocations aim at reducing the power consumption of the eNodeB (eNB) and improving the user quality of experience characterizing the delivered eMBMS flows. We consider multiple challenging scenarios which differ by: (i) the number of eNBs transmitting the same service set, and (ii) how services are delivered. In particular, we consider scenarios where services can be delivered by resorting to the Random Network Coding principle or not. We compare the proposed resource allocation models to a strategy which equally shares the transmission power budget among layers of the delivered service. Analytical results show that the proposed resource allocation strategies are characterized by a transmission power which is on average 13% smaller than the considered alternative. In addition, the optimized resource allocation can deliver each layered video service over a geographical area which is up to 25% greater than that associated to the considered alternative.