gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NEOMYCIN: reconfiguring a rule-based expert system for application to teaching (1981)

NEOMYCIN it a medical consultation system in which MYCIN's knowledge base is reorganized and extended for use in GUD0N, a teaching program. The new system constitutes a psychological model for doing diagnosis, designed to provide a basis for Interpreting student behavior and teaching diagnostic strategy. The model separates out Kinds of Knowledge that are procedurally embedded in MYCIN'S rules and so inaccessible to the teaching program. The Key idea is to represent explicitly and separately: a domain-independent diagnostic strategy in the form of meta-rules, Knowledge about the structure of the problem space, causal and data/hypothesis rules, and world facts.

At a psychological model, NEOMYCIN captures the forward-directed, compiled association mode of reasoning that characterizes expert behavior. Collection and interpretation of data are focused by the differential or working memory of hypotheses Moreover, the Knowledge base is broadened so that GUIDON can teach a student when to consider a specific infectious disease and what competing hypotheses to consider, essentially the Knowledge a human would need in order to use the MYCIN consultation system properly.
The biological basis of fractionation. (2005)

A few important concepts in radiobiology are illustred. The cell survival, the concept of the biologically effective dose, the basis of fractionation in radiotherapy are considered. Slow tumor regression after irradiation is not an indication of treatment failure, and the rate of regression is not , in general, prognostic. Dose volume histograms provide many data for predicting tumor control and side effects. The magnitude of a dose reduction in the tumor is the major determinant of decline in tumor control probability. Escalation of dose to hypoxic foci may be beneficial. Basic knowledge of these concepts is essential for daily radiotherapy practice and for all radiation oncologists.
Evaluation of User Acceptance of a Clinical Expert System (1994)

The responses to the questionnaire and "free-text comments" provided encouragement for future development and deployment of medical expert systems at LDS Hospital and sister hospitals. Although there has been some fear on the part of medical expert system developers that physicians would not adapt to or appreciate recommendations given by these systems, the results presented here are promising and may be of help to other system developers and evaluators.
Predicting enzyme function from sequence: a systematic appraisal. (1997)

Gapped and ungapped sequence alignment were tested as possible methods to classify proteins into the functional classes defined by the International Enzyme Commission (EC). We exhaustively tested all 15,208 proteins labeled with any EC class in a recent release of the SwissProt database, evaluating all 1,327 relevant EC classes. We effectively tested all possible similarity thresholds that could be used for this assignment through the use of the ROC statistic. Approximately 60% of Enzyme Commission classes containing two or more proteins could not be perfectly discriminated by sequence similarity at any threshold. An analysis of the errors indicates that false positive matches dominate, and that various error mechanisms can be identified, including the multidomain nature of many proteins and polyproteins, convergent evolution, variation in enzyme specificity, and other factors. Many of the putatively false positives are in fact biologically relevant. This work strongly suggests that functional assignment of enzymes should attempt to delimit functionally significant subregions, or domains, before matching to EC classes.
Soviet Labour and Industry (1942)

Journal Article Soviet Labour and Industry Get access Soviet Labour and Industry. By Leonard E. Hubbard. 1942. (London : Macmillan. Demy 8vo. xv + 314 pp. 15s.) Margaret Miller Margaret Miller Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs Review Supplement, Volume 19, Issue 8, June 1942, Pages 461–462, https://doi.org/10.2307/3026087 Published: 01 June 1942
Packet OADMs for the next generation of ring networks (2010)

The deployment of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) technology in access networks is creating new demands on metropolitan area and backbone networks. The increasing bit rate per user and the simplification of access networks will make the traffic profile more bursty, requiring new flexible techniques at the metropolitan area network. This paper describes a ring network exploiting optical transparency and packet granularity. After a description of the packet optical add/drop multiplexer (POADM)-based network model motivated by specifications derived from expected needs, the paper addresses the advantages of the approach and the feasibility of the concept. é 2010 Alcatel-Lucent.
ECG data compression techniques-a unified approach (1990)

A broad spectrum of techniques for electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression have been proposed during the last three decades. Such techniques have been vital in reducing the digital ECG data volume for storage and transmission. These techniques are essential to a wide variety of applications ranging from diagnostic to ambulatory ECG's. Due to the diverse procedures that have been employed, comparison of ECG compression methods is a major problem. Present evaluation methods preclude any direct comparison among existing ECG compression techniques. The main purpose of this paper is to address this issue and to establish a unified view of ECG compression techniques. ECG data compression schemes are presented in two major groups: direct data compression and transformation methods. The direct data compression techniques are: ECG differential pulse code modulation and entropy coding, AZTEC, Turning-point, CORTES, Fan and SAPA algorithms, peak-picking, and cycle-to-cycle compression methods. The transformation methods briefly presented, include: Fourier, Walsh, and K-L transforms. The theoretical basis behind the direct ECG data compression schemes are presented and classified into three categories: tolerance-comparison compression, differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), and entropy coding methods. The paper concludes with the presentation of a framework for evaluation and comparison of ECG compression schemes.
Proteoglycans in Experimental Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (1981)

An animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration induced surgically by ventral nuclear herniation in the rabbit produces morphologic changes of disc degeneration. Histologic characteristics and proteoglycan changes have been studied at various times after herniation. After injury, there was metaplasia into fibrocartilage originating from the cells along the margins of the annular wound, with proliferation of cells changing almost the entire disc space into fibrocartilage. A vertebral osteophyte occurred through an endochondral ossification sequence. Aggregating proteoglycans had two periods of repletion in the early course of degeneration. The water content of the disc was rapidly but only transiently restored in the first two days after herniation, whilst the changes in the total proteoglycan content of the disc paralleled these changes. Hyaluronic acid content decreased rapidly after herniation, but the size of the proteoglycan monomers did not change with degeneration. It is suggested that loss of confined fluid mechanics signals an abortive repair attempt rather than that of biochemical changes in proteoglycans initiate disc degeneration.
Tribological Behavior of Lamellar Molybdenum Trioxide as a Lubricant Additive (2018)

In this study, the tribological behavior of lamellar MoO₃ as a lubricant additive was investigated under different concentrations, particle sizes, normal loads, velocity, and temperature. The friction and wear tests were performed using a tribometer and with a reciprocating motion. The results indicate that the friction-reducing ability and antiwear property of the base oil can be improved effectively with the addition of lamellar MoO₃. The 0.5 wt % and 0.1 wt % concentrations of MoO₃ yield the best antifriction and antiwear effects, respectively. The maximum friction and wear reduction is 19.8% and 55.9%, compared with that of the base oil. It is also found the MoO₃ additive can decrease the friction considerably under a high velocity and normal load, and increase the working temperature. The smaller the size of MoO₃, the better the friction-reducing effect the lamellar MoO₃ shows. The friction-reducing and antiwear mechanisms of lamellar MoO₃ were discussed.
An AC electroosmotic micropump for circular chromatographic applications (2004)

Flow rates of up to 50 microm s(-1) have been successfully achieved in a closed-loop channel using an AC electroosmotic pump. The AC electroosmotic pump is made of an interdigitated array of unequal width electrodes located at the bottom of a channel, with an AC voltage applied between the small and the large electrodes. The flow rate was found to increase linearly with the applied voltage and to decrease linearly with the applied frequency. The pump is expected to be suitable for circular chromatography for the following reasons: the driving forces are distributed over the channel length and the pumping direction is set by the direction of the interdigitated electrodes. Pumping in a closed-loop channel can be achieved by arranging the electrode pattern in a circle. In addition the inherent working principle of AC electroosmotic pumping enables the independent optimisation of the channel height or the flow velocity.
A PIN Entry Scheme Resistant to Recording-Based Shoulder-Surfing (2009)

Two-factor authentication techniques using combination of magnetic cards and personal identification numbers (PINs) are widely used in many applications including automatic teller machines and point of sales. Similar to other valuable personal possessions, cards can be easily stolen by pickpockets. Furthermore, recent security reports show that magnetic cards can be easily duplicated using fake card readers and PINs can be obtained by shoulder surfing legitimate users' PIN entry processes. With this combination, criminals can easily break into users' accounts which represents a great threat. In this paper, we propose a new PIN entry scheme which is resistant against shoulder-surfing attacks conducted by shoulder-surfers with normal cognitive capabilities. Additionally, this scheme offers a relatively good level of security when the shoulder-surfer can record the entire login procedure for one or two times with a video device. Mathematical analysis of the proposed scheme is also presented.
Authentication of Vegetable Oils by Bulk and Molecular Carbon Isotope Analyses with Emphasis on Olive Oil and Pumpkin Seed Oil (2001)

The authenticity of vegetable oils consumed in Slovenia and Croatia was investigated by carbon isotope analysis of the individual fatty acids by the use of gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS), and through carbon isotope analysis of the bulk oil. The fatty acids from samples of olive, pumpkin, sunflower, maize, rape, soybean, and sesame oils were separated by alkaline hydrolysis and derivatized to methyl esters for chemical characterization by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) prior to isotopic analysis. Enrichment in heavy carbon isotope ((13)C) of the bulk oil and of the individual fatty acids are related to (1) a thermally induced degradation during processing (deodorization, steam washing, or bleaching), (2) hydrolytic rancidity (lipolysis) and oxidative rancidity of the vegetable oils during storage, and (3) the potential blend with refined oil or other vegetable oils. The impurity or admixture of different oils may be assessed from the delta(13)C(16:0) vs. delta(13)C(18:1) covariations. The fatty acid compositions of Slovenian and Croatian olive oils are compared with those from the most important Mediterranean producer countries (Spain, Italy, Greece, and France).
Chilling Damage to Photosynthesis in Young Zea mays (1983)

Leaves of <it>Zea mays</it> L. cv. LG11 were chilled for 6 h at 5 °C in a high photon flux density. On return to 20 °C, the leaves showed a 45&percnt; decrease in the apparent quantum yield of photosynthetic oxygen evolution. The effects of this chill-treatment on the chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics of the leaves indicated a 20–25&percnt; decrease in the primary photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II. The fluorescence emission spectra of these leaves demonstrated a marked modification in the distribution of excitation energy within the photochemical apparatus of the thylakoid membranes, such that photosystem I was excessively favoured with respect to photosystem II. These chill-induced changes would result in an enhancement of cyclic over non-cyclic electron transport and account for a decrease in the apparent quantum yield of photosynthetic oxygen evolution.
Extraction and Velocity Estimation of Vehicles in Urban Areas from Airborne Laserscanning Data (2010)

In this thesis a two-step strategy for monitoring the urban traffic by analyzing the single-pass ALS data is presented and investigated. Two methods are proposed for vehicle extraction, namely a morphological segmentation of gridded data and a 3D segmentation of point clouds by an adaptive “mean shift” approach. Depending on the studied scene either one of the methods is applied alone or the combination of two methods by means of grouping large objects via “normalized cuts” is used. Afterwards, the motion state is derived by using a classifier based on Lie group metrics and the velocity of moving vehicles is determined by inverting a model for motion artifacts. The validation of the strategy is achieved with real laser data sets of Toronto, Munich and Enschede, which have an average point density of five points per square meter.
CO2/SO2 Sequestration via Brine/Bauxite Residue Mixture (2008)

CO2 is the major contributor to global warming. Many approaches to capture and store CO2 are currently being investigated. One of the proposed strategies under investigation by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is sequestration of CO2 from the atmosphere through promotion of solubility and mineral trapping in Ca, Mg, and Fe-bearing waste streams.
Hyaluronan Facilitates Transforming Growth Factor-β1-mediated Fibroblast Proliferation (2008)

This study aims to understand the role of the matrix polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) in influencing fibroblast proliferation and thereby affecting wound healing outcomes. To determine mechanisms that underlie scarred versus scar-free healing, patient-matched dermal and oral mucosal fibroblasts were used as models of scarring and non-scarring fibroblast phenotypes. Specifically, differences in HA generation between these distinct fibroblast populations have been examined and related to differences in transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1))-dependent proliferative responses and Smad signaling. There was a differential growth response to TGF-beta(1), with it inducing proliferation in dermal fibroblasts but an anti-proliferative response in oral fibroblasts. Both responses were Smad3-dependent. Furthermore, the two fibroblast populations also demonstrated differences in their HA regulation, with dermal fibroblasts generating increased levels of HA, compared with oral fibroblasts. Inhibition of HA synthesis in dermal fibroblasts was shown to abrogate the TGF-beta(1)-mediated induction of proliferation. Inhibition of HA synthesis also led to an attenuation of Smad3 signaling in dermal fibroblasts. Microarray analysis demonstrated no difference in the genes involved in TGF-beta(1) signaling between dermal and oral fibroblasts, whereas there was a distinct difference in the pattern of genes involved in HA regulation. In conclusion, these two distinct fibroblast populations demonstrate a differential proliferative response to TGF-beta(1), which is associated with differences in HA generation. TGF-beta(1) regulates proliferation through Smad3 signaling in both fibroblast populations; however, it is the levels of HA generated by the cells that influence the outcome of this response.
Identification of a Mg(2+)- and guanyl nucleotide-dependent glucagon receptor cycle by use of permeabilized canine hepatocytes. (1992)

We have investigated (by use of intact and saponinpermeabilized canine hepatocytes) the roles of Mg2+ and guanyl nucleotides in regulating glucagon-receptor interactions. In contrast to intact cells, saponinpermeabilized hepatocytes bind [[125I]iodo-Tyr10]glucagon according to a single first-order process and exhibit a single apparent dissociation constant for glucagon binding during steady-state incubations. Further analysis of the permeabilized cell system demonstrated (a) the temperature-sensitive action of Mg2+ to enhance the extent and affinity of glucagon-receptor interactions at steady-state, (b) the conversion of Mg(2+)-independent hormone-receptor complexes to Mg(2+)-dependent complexes, (c) the effect of guanyl nucleotides to inhibit specifically the Mg(2+)-dependent component of glucagon-receptor interactions, (d) the more rapid association of glucagon with receptor during cell incubations occurring in the presence of guanyl nucleotides or in the absence of Mg2+, and (e) the ability of guanyl nucleotides to induce both high and low affinity states of glucagon-receptor interactions. Additional experiments identified an effect of cell incubations in the presence of glucagon to limit the subsequent binding of hormone, the ability of GDP, GTP, or guanosine-5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S) to dissociate previously bound glucagon, and a specific requirement for GDP to re-activate the glucagon receptor for additional cycles of hormone binding. A model is presented in which (a) glucagon binds to receptor in a Mg(2+)-independent fashion, (b) glucagon-receptor complexes are converted to a Mg(2+)-dependent state, (c) guanyl nucleotide exchange initiates both an alteration in glucagon-receptor affinity and the subsequent dissociation of hormone, and (d) in the context of the intact cell, G protein-mediated hydrolysis of GTP to GDP is required to reinitialize the system.
N-Version programming for the detection of zero-day exploits (2006)

Using N-Version programming techniques to increase software reliability is a well-explored field. In this paper, we extend the concept to the detection of new security vulnerabilities. Using our own N-Version arbiter, Judicare, we implement a simple auction web application, and demonstrate how our application is robust to the most common Web vulnerabilities as documented by OWASP. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results in the context of detection of Zero-Day attacks.
Determination of Urinary<i>Myo</i>-/<i>Chiro</i>-Inositol Ratios from Korean Diabetes Patients (2005)

Of two major forms (myo- and chiro-inositol) of inositols, only chiro-inositol enhances the activity of proteins involved in intracellular glucose metabolism. This study aims to determine the urinary myo-/chiro-inositol ratio in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients and compare its ratio with the normal control group. The 24-hour urinary myo- and chiro-inositols in 71 Korean diabetes patients and 39 control subjects have been quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography, and their ratios have been evaluated as indices of insulin resistance. The level of 24-hour urinary myo-inositol was significantly higher in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes than with the control group, whereas the urinary chiro-inositol in type 1 or type 2 diabetes was lower than that in normal subjects. The myo-/chiro-inositol ratio in diabetes patients was higher than that in the control group. Twenty four-hour urinary myo-/ chiro-inositol ratios were significantly elevated in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients compared to the control group, suggesting that a high ratio of urinary myo-/chiro- inositol in type 2 diabetes patients might be used for an index of insulin resistance.
DNA Display Selection of Peptide Ligands for a Full-Length Human G Protein-Coupled Receptor on CHO-K1 Cells (2012)

The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which form the largest group of transmembrane proteins involved in signal transduction, are major targets of currently available drugs. Thus, the search for cognate and surrogate peptide ligands for GPCRs is of both basic and therapeutic interest. Here we describe the application of an in vitro DNA display technology to screening libraries of peptide ligands for full-length GPCRs expressed on whole cells. We used human angiotensin II (Ang II) type-1 receptor (hAT1R) as a model GPCR. Under improved selection conditions using hAT1R-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells as bait, we confirmed that Ang II gene could be enriched more than 10,000-fold after four rounds of selection. Further, we successfully selected diverse Ang II-like peptides from randomized peptide libraries. The results provide more precise information on the sequence-function relationships of hAT1R ligands than can be obtained by conventional alanine-scanning mutagenesis. Completely in vitro DNA display can overcome the limitations of current display technologies and is expected to prove widely useful for screening diverse libraries of mutant peptide and protein ligands for receptors that can be expressed functionally on the surface of CHO-K1 cells.
A 622 MHz stand-alone LVDS driver pad in 0.18-μm CMOS (2002)

A 622 MHz LVDS driver is implemented in a standard 0.18-/spl mu/m digital CMOS technology as a stand-alone dual pad for an I/O library. The driver draws 23 mW of static power from a 1.8 V power supply, occupies an active area (excluding ESD protection circuitry) of 0.022 mm/sup 2/ and is fully compatible with the IEEE LVDS standard for reduced-range links.
CMOS Luminescence Imager With Ambient Light Compensation and Lifetime to Frequency Conversion (2018)

This paper presents a novel CMOS image sensor for luminescence imaging with direct lifetime-dependent digital pulse frequency modulated output. Recently reported parasitic insensitive multicycle charge modulation scheme is applied to accumulate photon-generated charges in discrete programmable time windows over multiple exposures. An autoreset pulse serving as the digital output is generated by comparing the multicycle charge integrated output with a reference threshold. The detected luminescence's lifetime is extracted by monitoring the frequency in this digital pulse. To compensate for the background photocurrent generated by ambient light and built-in offset, a charge pump based calibration circuitry is also proposed. Driven by a 10-KHz clock signal with 20-μs pulse width as the integration time window, the proposed circuitry can achieve responsivity and resolution at 575 nm wavelength. It has lifetime resolution of 8 ns. The proposed sensor chip was applied for lifetime measurement of a Ru(dpp)<sub>3</sub>(PF<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub> fluorescent sample whose lifetime was estimated to be 4.2 μs. A two-dimensional luminescence intensity and lifetime images of a single white LED have also been obtained to further validate its functionality.