gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Polymer Brushes with Dominant Antibacterial Mechanisms Switching from Bactericidal to Bacteria Repellent (2016)

Although polycationic surfaces have high antimicrobial efficacies, they suffer from high toxicity to mammalian cells and severe surface accumulation of dead bacteria. For the first time, we propose a surface-initiated photoiniferter-mediated polymerization (SI-PIMP) strategy of constructing a “cleaning” zwitterionic outer layer on a polycationic bactericidal background layer to physically hinder the availability of polycationic moieties for mammalian cells in aqueous service. In dry conditions, the polycationic layer exerts the contact-active bactericidal property toward the adherent bacteria, as the zwitterionic layer collapses. In aqueous environment, the zwitterionic layer forms a hydration layer to significantly inhibit the attachment of planktonic bacteria and the accumulation of dead bacteria, while the polycationic layer kills bacteria occasionally deposited on the surface, thus preserving the antibacterial capability for a long period. More importantly, the zwitterionic hydrated layer protects the mammalian cells from toxicity induced by the bactericidal background layer, and therefore hierarchical antibacterial surfaces present much better biocompatibility than that of the naked cationic references. The dominant antibacterial mechanism of the hierarchical surfaces can switch from the bactericidal efficacy in dry storage to the bacteria repellent capability in aqueous service, showing great advantages in the infection-resistant applications.
Facile product isolation from organostannane reductions of organic halides (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile product isolation from organostannane reductions of organic halidesJ. E. Leibner and John JacobusCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 3, 449–450Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01317a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01317a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1135Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Transverse relaxometry with stimulated echo compensation (2010)

Presented is a fitting model for transverse relaxometry data acquired with the multiple-refocused spin-echo sequence. The proposed model, requiring no additional data input or pulse sequence modifications, compensates for imperfections in the transmit field and radiofrequency (RF) profiles. Exploiting oscillatory echo behavior to estimate alternate coherence pathways, the model compensates for prolonged signal decay from stimulated echo pathways yielding precise monoexponential T(2) quantification. Verified numerically and experimentally at 4.7 T in phantoms and the human brain, over 95% accuracy is readily attainable in realistic imaging situations without sacrificing multislice capabilities or requiring composite or adiabatic RF pulses. The proposed model allows T(2) quantitation in heterogeneous transmit fields and permits thin refocusing widths for efficient multislice imaging.
Hepatic glutathione and nitric oxide are critical for hepatic insulin-sensitizing substance action (2003)

We tested the hypothesis that hepatic nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) are involved in the synthesis of a putative hormone referred to as hepatic insulin-sensitizing substance HISS. Insulin action was assessed in Wistar rats using the rapid insulin sensitivity test (RIST). Blockade of hepatic NO synthesis with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 1.0 mg/kg intraportal) decreased insulin sensitivity by 45.1 +/- 2.1% compared with control (from 287.3 +/- 18.1 to 155.3 +/- 10.1 mg glucose/kg, P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity was restored to 321.7 +/- 44.7 mg glucose/kg after administration of an NO donor, intraportal SIN-1 (5 mg/kg), which promotes GSH nitrosation, but not after intraportal sodium nitroprusside (20 nmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)), which does not nitrosate GSH. We depleted hepatic GSH using the GSH synthesis inhibitor l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO, 2 mmol/kg body wt ip for 20 days), which reduced insulin sensitivity by 39.1%. Insulin sensitivity after l-NAME was not significantly different between BSO- and sham-treated animals. SIN-1 did not reverse the insulin resistance induced by l-NAME in the BSO-treated group. These results support our hypothesis that NO and GSH are essential for insulin action.
Protecting Clock Synchronization: Adversary Detection through Network Monitoring (2016)

Nowadays, industrial networks are often used for safety-critical applications with real-time requirements. Such applications usually have a time-triggered nature with message scheduling as a core property. Scheduling requires nodes to share the same notion of time, that is, to be synchronized. Therefore, clock synchronization is a fundamental asset in real-time networks. However, since typical standards for clock synchronization, for example, IEEE 1588, do not provide the required level of security, it raises the question of clock synchronization protection. In this paper, we identify a way to break synchronization based on the IEEE 1588 standard, by conducting a man-in-the-middle (MIM) attack followed by a delay attack. A MIM attack can be accomplished through, for example, Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) poisoning. Using the AVISPA tool, we evaluate the potential to perform a delay attack using ARP poisoning and analyze its consequences showing both that the attack can, indeed, break clock synchronization and that some design choices, such as a relaxed synchronization condition mode, delay bounding, and using knowledge of environmental conditions, can make the network more robust/resilient against these kinds of attacks. Lastly, a Configuration Agent is proposed to monitor and detect anomalies introduced by an adversary performing attacks targeting clock synchronization.
Communications- The Synthesis of Cyclopropanols (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCommunications- The Synthesis of CyclopropanolsC DePuy, L Mahoney, and K EilersCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 9, 3616–3617Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1961Publication History Published online7 March 2003Published inissue 1 September 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01067a670https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01067a670research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prevalence of IgE antibodies to morphine. Relation to the high and low incidences of NMBA anaphylaxis in Norway and Sweden, respectively (2005)

IgE-sensitization to SUX, MOR and PHO was detected in Norway but not in Sweden. One possible explanation is the unrestricted use of cough mixtures containing MOR derivatives in Norway.
Antioxidants And Astaxanthin In Sports Nutrition (2015)

The body has a certain natural defense mechanism which emerges against free radicals resulting from various metabolic mechanisms. The compounds that make up this defense mechanism are called “antioxidants”. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant found especially in shellfishes (shrimp, crab, lobster, roe etc.) and salmon in high quantity. Sports activities can be improved by balanced nutrition, but it also can be affected negatively by irregular eating habits. It is of vital importance that athletes keep balanced diet in order to get the most efficient result from their tough workouts. The studies about the nutrition of athletes emphasize the importance of antioxidants for the metabolisms of athletes.
Staphylococcus epidermidis pan-genome sequence analysis reveals diversity of skin commensal and hospital infection-associated isolates (2012)

Commensal skin S. epidermidis have an open pan-genome and show considerable diversity between isolates, even when derived from a single individual or body site. For ST2, the most common nosocomial lineage, we detect variation between three independent isolates sequenced. Finally, phylogenetic analyses revealed a previously unrecognized group of S. epidermidis strains characterized by reduced virulence and formate dehydrogenase, which we propose as a clinical molecular marker.
A soluble exopolyphosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification and characterization (1994)

A soluble polyphosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, purified to apparent homogeneity, is monomeric with a molecular mass of 40 kDa. It acts as an exoenzyme in a processive mode releasing orthophosphate residues from long polyphosphate chains until pyrophosphate is reached. Polyphosphates of all the lengths examined are used as substrates with a preference for those of about 250 residues. These are degraded with a kcat/Km near the limit for diffusion-controlled reactions. At 37 degrees C, the enzyme releases about 500 phosphate residues/s. It does not act on pyrophosphate, ATP, or the cyclic form of tripolyphosphate. For optimal activity the enzyme requires magnesium, manganese, or cobalt.
CD38 Is Robustly Induced in Human Macrophages and Monocytes in Inflammatory Conditions (2018)

Macrophages and their monocyte precursors mediate innate immune responses and can promote a spectrum of phenotypes from pro-inflammatory to pro-resolving. Currently, there are few markers that allow for robust dissection of macrophage phenotype. We recently identified CD38 as a marker of inflammatory macrophages in murine in vitro and in vivo models. However, it is unknown whether CD38 plays a similar marker and/or functional role in human macrophages and inflammatory diseases. Here, we establish that CD38 transcript and protein are robustly induced in human macrophages exposed to LPS (±IFN-γ) inflammatory stimuli, but not with the alternative stimulus, IL-4. Pharmacologic and/or genetic CD38 loss-of-function significantly reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p40 and glycolytic activity in human primary macrophages. Finally, monocyte analyses in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients revealed that, while all monocytes express CD38, high CD38 expression in the non-classical monocyte subpopulation is associated with disease. These data are consistent with an inflammatory marker role for CD38 in human macrophages and monocytes.
The study of organic dyes for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (2010)

This thesis concerns the study of D–π–A type dyes as sensitizers for NiO-based p-type dye-sensitized solar cells. The focus has been on the design and synthesis of efficient dyes and the identification of parameters limiting the solar cell performance. We have developed a new design strategy for the dyes: upon photoexcitation of the dye, the electron density is moving from the part that is attached to the semiconductor towards the part which is pointing away. This intramolecular charge transfer provides an efficient pathway for the following charge transfer processes. The first organic dye, composed of a triphenylamine (TPA) moiety as the electron-donor, dicyanovinyl groups as the electron-acceptors and linked by thiophene units, showed much better photovoltaic performance than other dyes reported at the same time, turning it into a model for future dye design. A series of dyes with different energy levels were synthesized and characterized on NiO-based devices using iodide/triiodide as redox couple. Lower photovoltaic performance was obtained for the dye with less negative reduction potential due to the insufficient driving force for dye regeneration. We have investigated the symmetric and unsymmetric structures of the dyes. The breaking of molecular symmetry did not significantly broaden the absorption spectrum, or improve the efficiency. In addition, we have tuned the molecular structure to prevent charge recombination. Increasing the distance between the anchoring group and the electron-acceptor was an effective way to improve the device efficiency. Besides TPA-based compounds, a zinc porphyrin dye was also synthesized and tested in p-type solar cells. However, the solar cell performed less well due to its narrow absorption band and the tendency for aggregation. Co-sensitization of the TPA-based dye with the porphyrin dye did not result in higher photovoltaic performance. After optimization of the dye structure, the highest overall conversion efficiency was achieved for the P5-sensitized solar cell, based on 1.5 μm NiO film prepared from NiCl2 and the F108 template precursor, and an acetonitrile-based electrolyte.
Implementing non-strict evaluation on OOVMs (2005)

Object-oriented virtual machines (OOVMs), such as the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) and Java Virtual Machine (JVM), are increasingly common. The CLI, with its support for objects and value types, provides a good platform for many, but not all, programming languages. Gyro, the generics for Rotor extension, improves the CLI as a platform for languages with polymorphic type systems, C++ style templates, Ada style generics, and so on. The introduction of Gyro also simplified extending languages to include generic features. However, there remain a number of programming language features that are hard to implement well on these OOVMs. These include general closures, continuations, block structure, non-strict evaluation, and dynamic inheritance. The author looks at just one of these and introduces just-in-time (JIT) objects as an OOVM version of non-strict evaluation. The method is evolutionary rather than revolutionary, but is a significant improvement over existing techniques. These have been implemented for an unreleased development version of Microsoft's CLI. Such JIT objects support the compilation of non-strict languages. The design also enables strict languages, such as C#, to also access and create JIT objects.
Extension of the SIMLA Package for Generating Pedigrees with Complex Inheritance Patterns: Environmental Covariates, Gene-Gene and Gene-Environment Interaction (2005)

We have previously distributed a software package, SIMLA (SIMulation of Linkage and Association), which can be used to generate disease phenotype and marker genotype data in three-generational pedigrees of user-specified structure. To our knowledge, SIMLA is the only publicly available program that can simulate variable levels of both linkage (recombination) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) between marker and disease loci in general pedigrees. While the previous SIMLA version provided flexibility in choosing many parameters relevant for linkage and association mapping of complex human diseases, it did not allow for the segregation of more than one disease locus in a given pedigree and did not incorporate environmental covariates possibly interacting with disease susceptibility genes. Here, we present an extension of the simulation algorithm characterized by a much more general penetrance function, which allows for the joint action of up to two genes and up to two environmental covariates in the simulated pedigrees, with all possible multiplicative interaction effects between them. This makes the program even more useful for comparing the performance of different linkage and association analysis methods applied to complex human phenotypes. SIMLA can assist investigators in planning and designing a variety of linkage and association studies, and can help interpret results of real data analyses by comparing them to results obtained under a user-controlled data generation mechanism.A free download of the SIMLA package is available at http://wwwchg.duhs.duke.edu/software.
A low cost high power factor primary regulated offline LED driver (2012)

The article introduces an off-line constant current LED driver. The chip utilizes an innovative primary-sensing technique for constant output current (CC) and constant output voltage (CV), eliminating the need for the opto-coupler, the secondary voltage reference, as well as the current sensor, while still maintaining quite accurate regulation. It integrates a high-performance, low-voltage PWM controller chip and an 800V, avalanche-rugged power MOSFET in the same package. This highly integrated device minimizes the number of external components, resulting in a compact and very cost effective solution for LED Bulb.
Absolute Bioavailability and Electroencephalographic Effects of Conventional and Extended‐Release Formulations of Venlafaxine in Healthy Subjects (1998)

Venlafaxine is currently marketed for treatment of depressive disorders as a conventional tablet formulation with a twice or three times daily dosage regimen. The absolute bioavailability of the conventional (CF) and extended-release (XR) formulations and their effects on electroencephalograms (EEG) and on a visual analog scale (VAS) for nausea were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, four-way crossover, placebo-controlled study of 16 healthy young men who were given either a single oral dose of 50 mg of CF venlafaxine, 75 mg of XR venlafaxine, or an intravenous dose of 10 mg of venlafaxine, or a placebo at 1-week intervals. The absolute bioavailability of venlafaxine was between 40% and 45% and was similar for both the CF and XR formulations. Venlafaxine produced central effects of a desipramine-like antidepressant. Regardless of formulation tested, the main EEG changes were an increase in fast beta (20-30 Hz) energy, which was more pronounced over the frontotemporal regions and extended within the full beta range (16-40 Hz). Maximum effect was reached at 6 hours for the CF and reached a plateau from 10 to 24 hours for the XR formulation. A dose-proportional increase in central activity, expressed as area under the effect curve (AUE) of the beta band, was observed between the CF (50 mg) and XR (75 mg) formulations. Compared with the CF tablet, the XR formulation also produced a much less intense maximum effect and a decrease of 63% in the AUE of nausea normalized by dose. The XR formulation has the same absolute bioavailability and the same central activity as assessed by EEG, but produced less intensive nausea than CF venlafaxine. The present findings suggest that a once-daily dosage regimen should be sufficient. This was confirmed by several clinical trials in depressive patients.
White-Light Filaments for Atmospheric Analysis (2003)

Most long-path remote spectroscopic studies of the atmosphere rely on ambient light or narrow-band lasers. High-power femtosecond laser pulses have been found to propagate in the atmosphere as dynamically self-guided filaments that emit in a continuum from the ultraviolet to the infrared. This white light exhibits a directional behavior with enhanced backward scattering and was detected from an altitude of more than 20 kilometers. This light source opens the way to white-light and nonlinear light detection and ranging applications for atmospheric trace-gas remote sensing or remote identification of aerosols. Air ionization inside the filaments also opens promising perspectives for laser-induced condensation and lightning control. The mobile femtosecond-terawatt laser system, Teramobile, has been constructed to study these applications.
Two engineered eglin c mutants potently and selectively inhibiting kexin or furin (2003)

Eglin c with mutants L45R and D42R at the P(1) and P(4) positions has been reported to become a stable inhibitor toward the proprotein convertases (PC), furin and kexin, with a K(i) of 2.3x10(-8) and 1.3x10(-10) M, respectively. The mutant was further engineered at the P(2)'-P(4)' positions to create a more potent and selective inhibitor for each enzyme. The residue Asp at P(1)' which is crucial for stabilizing the conformation of eglin c remained unchanged. The eglin c mutants cloned into the vector pGEX-2T and expressed in Escherichia coli (DH5alpha) were purified to homogeneity, and their inhibitory activities toward the purified recombinant furin and kexin were examined. The results showed that (1) Leu47 at P(2)' replaced with either a positively or negatively charged residue resulted in a decrease in inhibitory activities to both enzymes; (2) the replacement of Arg with Asp at P(3)' was favorable for inhibiting furin with a K(i) of 7.8 x 10(-9) M, but not for inhibiting kexin; (3) the replacement of Tyr with Glu at P(4)' increased the inhibitory activity to kexin with a K(i) of 3 x 10(-11) M, but was almost without any influence on furin inhibition. It was indicated that the inhibitory specificity of eglin c could be changed from inhibiting elastase to inhibiting PCs by site-directed mutation at the P positions, while the inhibitory selectivity to furin or kexin could be optimized by mutation at the P' positions.
Multi-sink routing using path loss in multihop wireless sensor networks (2011)

In large scale single-sink wireless sensor networks (WSNs), scalability of access and routing protocol becomes an issue when the number of hops to reach the sink increases. As one consequence, nodes close to the sink deplete their energy quickly and the energy consumption may not be as efficient as in the small size network. Multi-sink usage can circumvent the problem and reduce the pressure of data transfer to only one sink. Dealing with multi-sink network, however, results in many-to-many communication paradigm and thus appropriate tailoring is needed to distribute the traffic fairly. In this work, we propose to use node's minimum path loss and sinks' 1-hop neighbors residual energy for guiding nodes to shuffle data packets among the sinks. Using this mechanism, nodes avoid from sending data packets toward the 1-hop neighbors that are about to deplete their energy. We show via simulation that the mechanism can prolong the network lifetime and reduce the number of exhausted nodes in the network.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Synthesis of Organosulfur Compounds (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.