gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Credibilist occupancy grids for vehicle perception in dynamic environments (2011)

In urban environments, moving obstacles detection and free space determination are key issues for driving assistance systems and autonomous vehicles. When using lidar sensors scanning in front of the vehicle, uncertainty arises from ignorance and errors. Ignorance is due to the perception of new areas and errors come from imprecise pose estimation and noisy measurements. Complexity is also increased when the lidar provides multi-echo and multi-layer information. This paper presents an occupancy grid framework that has been designed to manage these different sources of uncertainty. A way to address this problem is to use grids projected onto the road surface in global and local frames. The global one generates the mapping and the local one is used to deal with moving objects. A credibilist approach is used to model the sensor information and to do a global fusion with the world-fixed map. Outdoor experimental results carried out with a precise positioning system show that such a perception strategy increases significantly the performance compared to a standard approach.
G2A Communication Systems: A Survey on Evolving Enabling Technologies, Technical Challenges and Research Directions (2020)

The growing demand of efficient and failure less air-ground communication system in civil aviation has led to gradual improvement in various long-range (Beyond Line-of-Sight) and short-range (Line-of-Sight) communication systems. Ground-to-Air (G2A) communication system is a vast area of communication which deals with huge infrastructures involving varieties of systems and technologies. It has been grown to quite a mature technology by now by the help of various research and development along with related industrial revolutions. There have been several developments in air to ground communication; from effective use of limited spectrum to adaption of advanced modulation and green energy powering techniques. This research article is an extensive study based survey on existing technological development in the G2A communication system of civil aviation. It presents an explicit discussion on the issues, requirements and development in different aspects of air-to-ground communication systems starting from the time of world war-I to till now in a comprehensive manner. It also explains in details about the budding technological development, future scope, challenges and potential research directions in the system. This paper is aimed at increasing researchers’ understanding on this vast and emerging area of research, as well as find new research challenges in the constituent domains of G2A communication systems.
Small experiments for the maturation of orbital cryogenic transfer technologies (1992)

The no-vent fill method is a promising approach to handle the problems of low-g venting during propellant transfer. A receiver tank is first cooled to remove thermal energy from the tank wall and the resultant vapor vented overboard. Then nozzles mix the incoming liquid and residual vapor in the tank maintaining a thermodynamic state which allows the tank to fill with liquid without venting. Ground based testing at NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC) has demonstrated the no-vent fill process and attempted to bound its low-gravity performance. But, low-gravity testing is required to validate the method. As an alternative to using a dedicated spacecraft for validation the authors have formulated several small scale experiments to study no-vent fill in low-g. Cost goals quickly limited the search to two possibilities: a secondary payload on the Space Shuttle, or a small scale sounding rocket experiment. This paper will discuss the key issues of small scale experimentation and present a conceptual design of a sounding rocket experiment with liquid hydrogen for studying the fill process.
An improved three-dimensional characterization of defocusing digital particle image velocimetry (DDPIV) based on a new imaging volume definition (2008)

The full development of the equations for defocused digital particle image velocimetry as proposed by Kajitani and Dabiri (2005 Meas. Sci. Technol. 16 790–804) predefined a finite area at the focal plane to be imaged onto the CCDs. This resulted in bounded overlapping viewing cones of the lenses, i.e. the observable domain, within which a tetrahedral imaging volume was defined. The resulting ray tracing suggested that the observable domain would not be fully imaged onto the CCDs. Furthermore, the tetrahedral imaging volume, which was also a definition used to develop the characteristic three-dimensional DDPIV equations, only represented a limited portion of the observable domain. It is shown that by avoiding these incorrect definitions, a more accurate description of the three-dimensional DDPIV measurement system can be developed by introducing a new measurement volume based on the CCD dimensions, which replaces the tetrahedral volume, as well as introducing a new system optical axis. Lastly, a geometric uncertainty analysis is conducted and compared to the results found by Kajitani and Dabiri.
One-electron oxidation of 2-propanol by vanadium and molybdenum peroxo complexes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOne-electron oxidation of 2-propanol by vanadium and molybdenum peroxo complexesV. Conte, F. Di Furia, and G. ModenaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 8, 1665–1669Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00243a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00243a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views303Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Activation of Acid Sphingomyelinase and Its Inhibition by the Nitric Oxide/Cyclic Guanosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Pathway: Key Events in <i>Escherichia coli-</i>Elicited Apoptosis of Dendritic Cells (2004)

Depletion of dendritic cells (DCs) via apoptosis contributes to sepsis-induced immune suppression. The mechanisms leading to DC apoptosis during sepsis are not known. In this study we report that immature DCs undergo apoptosis when treated with high numbers of Escherichia coli. This effect was mimicked by high concentrations of LPS. Apoptosis was accompanied by generation of ceramide through activation of acid sphingomyelinase (A-SMase), was prevented by inhibitors of this enzyme, and was restored by exogenous ceramide. Compared with immature DCs, mature DCs expressed significantly reduced levels of A-SMase, did not generate ceramide in response to E. coli or LPS, and were insensitive to E. coli- and LPS-triggered apoptosis. However, sensitivity to apoptosis was restored by addition of exogenous A-SMase or ceramide. Furthermore, inhibition of A-SMase activation and ceramide generation was found to be the mechanism through which the immune-modulating messenger NO protects immature DCs from the apoptogenic effects of E. coli and LPS. NO acted through formation of cGMP and stimulation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase. The relevance of A-SMase and its inhibition by NO/cGMP were confirmed in a mouse model of LPS-induced sepsis. DC apoptosis was significantly higher in inducible NO synthase-deficient mice than in wild-type animals and was significantly reduced by treatment ex vivo with NO, cGMP, or the A-SMase inhibitor imipramine. Thus, A-SMase plays a central role in E. coli/LPS-induced DC apoptosis and its inhibition by NO, and it might be a target of new therapeutic approaches to sepsis.
Dramatic Effect of Boron-Based Lewis Acids in Cross-Metathesis Reactions (2005)

Amino compounds such as allylic carbamates or amides are poor partners in cross-metathesis reactions because of possible coordination of the emerging carbene to the polar functional group. Whereas the use of titanium Lewis acid catalysts was unsatisfactory, an impressive increase in yields was obtained with boron-based Lewis acids.
Speech recognition through phoneme segmentation and neural classification (2002)

The problem of speech recognition may be viewed as the identification of the basic components (phonemes) of the human speech through a high-level measurement procedure working on segments of the vocal signal, their classification, and the identification of their combination into the individual words so as to derive the complete word identification. The efficient and effective solution of the whole problem has several applications (e.g., the automatic typewriter) as well as the simple phoneme recognition may be exploited for some innovative areas (e.g., the voice compression for telecommunication). This paper shows the use of hybrid soft-computing techniques for the signal segmentation and the phoneme classification and the application to voice compression.
Revealing the hidden relationship between nucleosomes and splicing (2009)

Comment on: Nucleosomes are preferentially positioned at exons in somatic and sperm cells. Nahkuri S, et al. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:3420-4.
Low Level Features for Quality Assessment of Facial Images (2015)

An automated system that provides feedback about aesthetic quality of facial pictures could be of great interest for editing or selecting photos. Although image aesthetic quality assessment is a challenging task that requires understanding of subjective notions, the proposed work shows that facial image quality can be estimated by using low-level features only. This paper provides a method that can predict aesthetic quality scores of facial images. 15 features that depict technical aspects of images such as contrast, sharpness or colorfulness are computed on different image regions (face, eyes, mouth) and a machine learning algorithm is used to perform classification and scoring. Relevant features and facial image areas are selected by a feature ranking technique, increasing both classification and regression performance. Results are compared with recent works, and it is shown that by using the proposed low-level feature set, the best state of the art results are obtained.
Incorporation of Vegetation into Mountain Permafrost Distribution Models, Southern Yukon Territory (2010)

Three groups of variables (Digital Elevation Model [DEM]-derived variables, fieldwork-derived vegetation variables, and satellite imagery-derived vegetation variables) were combined in Classification and Regression Tree (CART) models to determine the utility of vegetation-based variables for mountain permafrost distribution modelling in the southern half of the Yukon Territory. Four variables were measured in the field: canopy openness, vegetation height, organic mat thickness, and dominant species. Using Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery, three variables were calculated: a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a vegetation classification, and a canopy closure classification. Individual variables were also examined to determine the one most useful for representing vegetation when modelling permafrost presence or absence. Additionally, models for each of five study areas spread across 5° of latitude were compared to examine the transferability of each variable. The addition of vegetation variables to the CART models created with DEM-derived variables resulted in only a minimal increase in the overall accuracy. Dominant species proved to be the most useful variable, but the relationship between permafrost and each species differed among study areas. Only black spruce (Picea mariana) was consistently classified as permafrost probable and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) were classified as permafrost improbable over all study areas. These results indicate that models of permafrost distribution across large areas are not likely to be enriched sufficiently by the inclusion of vegetation variables while models covering smaller areas may benefit from the inclusion of vegetation variables. The CART models tended to show a high accuracy in the prediction of areas with no permafrost which could be useful for the purposes of infrastructure development. CART models have not previously been used in permafrost modelling and the high accuracies they produced may indicate their utility for modelling the complex relationships among the variables affecting permafrost.
Epigenetic Control of Mouse Oct-4 Gene Expression in Embryonic Stem Cells and Trophoblast Stem Cells (2004)

The first cell differentiation event in mammalian embryogenesis segregates inner cell mass lineage from the trophectoderm at the blastocyst stage. Oct-4, a member of the POU family of transcription factors, is necessary for the pluripotency of the inner cell mass lineage. Embryonic stem (ES) cells, which contribute to all of embryonic lineages, express the Oct-4 gene. Trophoblast stem (TS) cells, which have the ability to differentiate into trophoblast lineage in vitro, never contribute to embryonic proper tissues in chimeras and differentiate only into trophoblastic cells in the placenta. Expression of the Oct-4 gene was undetectable and severely repressed in trophoblastic lineage, including the stem cells. We found that the culture of TS cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine or trichostatin A caused the activation of the Oct-4 gene. Analysis of the DNA methylation status of mouse Oct-4 gene upstream region revealed that Oct-4 enhancer/promoter region was hypomethylated in ES cells but hypermethylated in TS cells. Furthermore, in vitro methylation suppressed Oct-4 enhancer/promoter activity in reporter assay. In the placenta of Dnmt1(n/n) mutant mice, most of the CpGs in the enhancer/promoter region were unmethylated, and Oct-4 gene expression was aberrantly detected. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that Oct-4 enhancer/promoter region was hyperacetylated in ES cells compared with TS cells, thus demonstrating that DNA methylation status is closely linked to the chromatin structure of the Oct-4 gene. Here we propose that the epigenetic mechanism, consisting of DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling, underlies the developmental stage- and cell type-specific mechanism of Oct-4 gene expression.
Kernel Modeling Super-Resolution on Real Low-Resolution Images (2019)

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), trained on corresponding pairs of high- and low-resolution images, achieve state-of-the-art performance in single-image super-resolution and surpass previous signal-processing based approaches. However, their performance is limited when applied to real photographs. The reason lies in their training data: low-resolution (LR) images are obtained by bicubic interpolation of the corresponding high-resolution (HR) images. The applied convolution kernel significantly differs from real-world camera-blur. Consequently, while current CNNs well super-resolve bicubic-downsampled LR images, they often fail on camera-captured LR images. To improve generalization and robustness of deep super-resolution CNNs on real photographs, we present a kernel modeling super-resolution network (KMSR) that incorporates blur-kernel modeling in the training. Our proposed KMSR consists of two stages: we first build a pool of realistic blur-kernels with a generative adversarial network (GAN) and then we train a super-resolution network with HR and corresponding LR images constructed with the generated kernels. Our extensive experimental validations demonstrate the effectiveness of our single-image super-resolution approach on photographs with unknown blur-kernels.
High performance polarisation splitting fibre coupler (1988)

We present an original design of a polarisation splitting coupler based on stress release in polished birefringent single-mode fibres with orthogonal orientation. We have worked at 1.55μm for coherent telecommunication applications and our best result was 25 dB of selectivity.
Building a 3D Game Engine in C (1995)

An Approach to Games Programming Graphics in Two Dimensions Fixedpoint Math A Three-Dimensional Graphics Primer Designing a 3D Game Organizing Your Data Input Devices Hidden Surface Removal Drawing an Object Shading Texture Mapping Faking Fog, Haze and Night Effects Simplifying for Speed Collision and Boundary Detection Automatons Asteroids! Advanced Topics.
Dyslipidemia: Management Using Optimal Lipid-Lowering Therapy (2012)

Intensifying lifestyle changes and statin dose should be utilized first in patients not achieving their LDL-C and non-HDL-C goals.
A taxonomy and survey of grid resource management systems for distributed computing (2001)

Abstract The resource management system is the central component of distributed network computing systems. There have been many projects focused on network computing that have designed and implemented resource management systems with a variety of architectures and services. In this paper, an abstract model and a comprehensive taxonomy for describing resource management architectures is developed. The taxonomy is used to identify approaches followed in the implementation of existing resource management systems for very large‐scale network computing systems known as Grids. The taxonomy and the survey results are used to identify architectural approaches and issues that have not been fully explored in the research. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human lung tumour cell line adapted to grow in serum‐free medium secretes angiogenesis factor (1983)

A human lung tumour cell line has been grown in serum-free medium for 12 months and during this period cells were subcultured every 4 days. The culture medium contained an angiogenesis factor which has been purified and shown to be similar to that isolated from other sources including solid tumours. This is the first report that demonstrates de novo synthesis and secretion of angiogenesis factor by a cell line adapted to grow in a serum-free medium.
The role of retinoic acid in embryonic and post-embryonic development (2000)

Retinoic acid (RA) is the bioactive metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) which acts on cells to establish or change the pattern of gene activity. Retinol is converted to RA by the action of two types of enzyme, retinol dehydrogenases and retinal dehydrogenases. In the nucleus RA acts as a ligand to activate two families of transcription factors, the RA receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR) which heterodimerize and bind to the upstream sequences of RA-responsive genes. Thus, in addition to the well-established experimental paradigm of depriving animals of vitamin A to determine the role of RA in embryonic and post-embryonic development, molecular biology has provided us with two additional methodologies: knockout the enzymes or the RAR and RXR in the mouse embryo. The distribution of the enzymes and receptors, and recent experiments to determine the endogenous distribution of RA in the embryo are described here, as well as the effects on the embryo of knocking out the enzymes and receptors. In addition, recent studies using the classical vitamin A-deprivation technique are described, as they have provided novel insights into the regions of the embryo which crucially require RA, and the gene pathways involved in their development. Finally, the post-embryonic or regenerating systems in which RA plays a part are described, i.e. the regenerating limb, lung regeneration, hair cell regeneration in the ear and spinal cord regeneration in the adult.
A Review on Adhesively Bonded Aluminium Joints in the Automotive Industry (2020)

The introduction of adhesive bonding in the automotive industry is one of the key enabling technologies for the production of aluminium closures and all-aluminium car body structures. One of the main concerns limiting the use of adhesive joints is the durability of these system when exposed to service conditions. The present article primarily focuses on the different research works carried out for studying the effect of water, corrosive ions and external stresses on the performances of adhesively bonded joint structures. Water or moisture can affect the system by both modifying the adhesive properties or, more importantly, by causing failure at the substrate/adhesive interface. Ionic species can lead to the initiation and propagation of filiform corrosion and applied stresses can accelerate the detrimental effect of water or corrosion. Moreover, in this review the steps which the metal undergoes before being joined are described. It is shown how the metal preparation has an important role in the durability of the system, as it modifies the chemistry of the substrate’s top layer. In fact, from the adhesion theories discussed, it is seen how physical and chemical bonding, and in particular acid-base interactions, are fundamental in assuring a good substrate/adhesive adhesion.
Synergism of Five Synthetic Pyrethroids by Chlordimeform Against the Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and a Predator, Chrysopa carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) (1982)

Five synthetic pyrethroids were tested alone and in combination with chlordimeform (CDF) for toxicity to Heliothis virescens (F.) and Chrysopa carnea (Stephens). Insecticides-CDF combinations were highly synergistic against the tobacco budworm (TBW) with synergism levels ranging from 7- to 63-fold. CDF alone was highly toxic to C. carnea. All pyrethroid-CDF combinations were highly selective against the TBW except for phenothrin-CDF, and the degree of selectivity was greater at the LC90 than the LC50. Based on these data, pyrethroid-CDF combinations may play an effective role in integrated pest management programs for TBW on cotton.