gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-forskolin (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-forskolinE. J. Corey, Paul da Silva. Jardine, and John C. RohloffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 11, 3672–3673Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00219a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00219a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2821Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Network conscious text compression system (NCTCSys) (2002)

This paper proposes a "network conscious text compression system" (NCTCSys) to tackle the problem of transmitting explosively increasing data on the Internet. It can be integrated into different text based transfer protocols like FTP, HTTP and SMTP at the application level to handle text data transmission. We apply the newly developed LIPT encoding method along with BZIP2 and GZIP to compress text. The NCTCSys selection algorithm decides on the best compression method. To share a common encoding/decoding dictionary between the client and the server we use the dictionary management protocol. In a typical congestion and fluctuating scenario of bandwidth we have reduced transmission times by 60.24% using LIPT+GZIP, and by 85.20% using LIPT+BZIP2.
RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION (2000)

Beta-chemokines are expressed by tubular epithelial cells during acute rejection. Consistent expression of RANTES and MIP-1alpha suggests a general role in recruiting T lymphocytes. However, MCP-1 and MIP-1beta may play a more subtle role in recruitment of specific T-cell subsets, such as Th1 cells, during acute cellular rejection.
Design of noise modulated RBPC continuous wave RF stealth radar signal waveform (2012)

The radio frequency (RF) stealth performance of noise modulated random binary phase coded continuous wave (NMRBPC CW) radar is discussed in this paper. First, the RF stealth performance is analyzed based on signal intercepted probability in theory. Second, the NMRBPC CW radar signal waveform is designed and the ambiguity function is analyzed and simulated differently. Finally, The power spectral density (PSD) of three different kinds of CW radar transmit signals are simulated and their RF stealth performance is compared and analyzed. The research shows that the NMRBPC CW radar signal waveform possesses good RF stealth characteristic.
Epitaxially Grown Al Electrodes for High-Power Surface Acoustic Wave Devices (1992)

A deposition process of epitaxial Al film on a quartz substrate was studied to obtain Al electrodes of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices having high resistance to stress migration. A vapor deposition system was used under relatively moderate deposition conditions: (1) pressure range of 10 -5 Pa; (2) deposition temperature of 150°C; (3) deposition rate in the range of 120∼240 nm/min. The growth mode of epitaxial Al film differed from that of polycrystalline Al film on quartz.
Safety Evaluation of Essential Oils (2020)

Based on their action on the human senses, plant-derived essential oils have functioned as sources of food, preservatives, medicines, symbolic articles in religious and social ceremonies, and remedies to modify behavior. In many cases, essential oils and extracts gained widespread acceptance as multifunctional agents due to their strong stimulation of the human gustatory (taste) and olfactory (smell) senses. Cinnamon oil exhibits a pleasing warm spicy aftertaste, characteristic spicy aroma, and preservative properties that made it attractive as a food flavoring and fragrance. Four millennia ago, 254cinnamon oil was the principal ingredient of a holy ointment mentioned in Exodus 32:22–26. Because of its perceived preservative properties, cinnamon and cinnamon oil were sought by Egyptians for embalming. According to Dioscorides (Dioscorides, 50 AD), cinnamon was a breath freshener, would aid in digestion, would counteract the bites of venomous beasts, reduced inflammation of the intestines and the kidneys, and acted as a diuretic. Applied to the face, it was purported to remove undesirable spots. It is not surprising, then, that in 1000 bc, cinnamon was more expensive than gold.
Copolymerization with depropagation: Experiments and prediction of kinetics and properties of ?-methylstyrene/methyl methacrylate copolymers. I. Solution copolymerization (1997)

α-Methylstyrene (α-MSt) and methyl methacrylate were copolymerized at 60°C in toluene by radical polymerization induced by azobisisobutyronitrile. The kinetics were followed by gravimetry and correlated with the molecular weights, microstructure, and glass transition temperature. A model was developed taking into account the equilibrium of the α-MSt homopolymerization that could not be neglected at 60°C and higher temperatures. The model is in good agreement with all the experimental data. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2297–2313, 1997
Polymer PLC as an Optical Integration Bench (2011)

A polymer-based photonic toolbox is presented, in which fiber grooves, waveguides, thin film elements and 45°mirrors can be combined for hybrid integration with active components. The toolbox provides solutions for polarization control and 90°hybrids.
Inverse planning for low‐dose‐rate prostate brachytherapy by simulated annealing under fuzzy expert control (2004)

Simulated annealing (SA) is a multivariate combinatorial optimization process that searches the configuration space of possible solutions by a random walk, guided only by the goal of minimization of the objective function. The decision‐making capabilities of a fuzzy inference system are applied to guide the SA search, to look for solutions which, in addition to optimizing a plan in dosimetric terms, also present some clinically desirable spatial features. No a priori constraints are placed on the number or position of needles or on the seed loading sequence of individual needles. These additional degrees of freedom are balanced by giving preference to consider plans with seed distributions that are balanced in the right/left and anterior/posterior halves in each axial slice, and with local seed density that is about uniform. Piecewise linear membership functions are constructed to represent these requirements. Before a step in the random search is subject to the SA test, the expert functions representing the spatial seed‐distribution requirements are evaluated. Thus, the expert planner's knowledge enters into the decision as to the “goodness” of a seed configuration regarding the spatial seed‐distribution goals. When a step in the random walk yields a seed configuration that is found wanting, a specific number of additional steps in the local neighborhood is attempted until either improvement in the spatial requirements is achieved, or the allowed number of attempts is exhausted. In the latter case, the expert system desists and the unfavorable step is taken, moving on to the simulated annealing test. The number of attempts is determined by the fuzzy logic inference engine and depends on just how badly the expert requirement is not met. The program is interfaced with a commercial treatment planning system (TPS) to import optimized seed plans for isodose display and analysis. Execution in a 1.5 GHz computer is less than a minute, adequate for real‐time planning. Results for phantom and real patients are dosimetrically comparable to generic methods such as modified peripheral loading, but in some cases, fewer needles and less radioactivity are required. Sensitivity to simulated random seed placement error is similar to manual plans.
Biosynthesis of Long‐Chain Alcohols by Developing and Regenerating Rat Sciatic Nerve (1984)

Cell-free preparations of rat sciatic nerve were found to catalyze the reduction of fatty acid to alcohol in the presence of NADPH as reducing cofactor. The reductase was membrane-bound and associated primarily with the microsomal fraction. When fatty acid was the substrate, ATP, coenzyme A (CoA), and Mg2+ were required, indicating the formation of acyl CoA prior to reduction. When acyl CoA was used as substrate, the presence of albumin was required to inhibit acyl CoA hydrolase activity. Fatty acid reductase activity was highest with palmitic and stearic acids, and somewhat lower with lauric and myristic acids. It was inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents, indicating the participation of thiol groups in the reduction. Only traces of long-chain aldehyde could be detected or trapped as semicarbazone. Fatty acid reductase activity in rat sciatic nerve was highest between the second and tenth days after birth and decreased substantially thereafter. Microsomal preparations of sciatic nerve from 10-day-old rats exhibited about four times higher fatty acid reductase activity than brain or spinal cord microsomes from the same animals. Wallerian degeneration and regeneration of adult rat sciatic nerve resulted in enhanced fatty acid reductase activity, which reached a maximum at about 12 days after crush injury.
Maker Fringes: A Detailed Comparison of Theory and Experiment for Isotropic and Uniaxial Crystals (1970)

A complete theory of Maker fringes in nonabsorbing isotropic and uniaxial crystals has been derived which includes all the corrections necessary for making precise determinations of nonlinear optical co-efficients. These corrections include finite beamwidth effects and multiple reflection corrections. Comparison of this theory with extensive experimental data on the Maker fringes in quartz, ADP, and KDP shows agreement to within the experimental accuracy of about 5% on the Maker fringe envelopes and to better than 1% on the coherence lengths. We conclude from this study that a careful analysis of Maker fringes can yield precise values of the nonlinear optical coefficients and coherence lengths in isotropic and uniaxial crystals. This is of great importance in establishing accurate and reliable standards in the field of nonlinear optics.
Adult human β‐cell neogenesis? (2009)

Prospects for inducing endogenous beta-cell regeneration in the pancreas, one of the most attractive approaches to reverse type 1 and type 2 diabetes, have gained substantially from recent evidence that cells in the adult pancreas exhibit more plasticity than previously recognized. There are two major pathways to beta-cell regeneration, beta-cell replication and beta-cell neogenesis. Substantial evidence for a role for both processes exists in different models. While beta-cell replication clearly occurs during development and early in life, the potential for replication appears to decline substantially with age. In contrast, we have demonstrated that the exocrine compartment of the adult human pancreas contains a facultative stem cell that can differentiate into beta-cells under specific circumstances. We have favoured the idea that, similar to models described in liver regeneration, beta-cell mass can be increased either by neogenesis or replication, depending on the intensity of different stimuli or stressors. Understanding the nature of endocrine stem/progenitor cells and the mechanism by which external stimuli mobilize them to exhibit endocrine differentiation is central for success in therapeutic approaches to induce meaningful endogenous beta-cell neogenesis.
[Treatment of patients with unilateral upper and lower macrognathia]. (2004)

The problem of medical rehabilitation of patients with unilateral upper and lower macrognathia is discussed. A method of osteo-reconstructive intervention on the facial skull is described, which restores the proper relationships between the jaw bones with respect to the supraorbital plane, which serves as the reference when planning surgical treatment. A comprehensive approach to planning and realization of surgical treatment brings about good esthetic and functional results.
Raising the Compatibility of Heterogeneous Annotations: A Case Study on (2008)

While there are several corpora which claim to have annotations for protein references, the heterogeneity between the annotations is recognized as an obstacle to develop expensive resources in a synergistic way. Here we present a series of experimental results which show the differences of protein mention annotations made to two corpora, GENIA and AImed.
Spiking neuron models of the medial and lateral superior olive for sound localisation (2008)

Sound localisation is defined as the ability to identify the position of a sound source. The brain employs two cues to achieve this functionality for the horizontal plane, interaural time difference (ITD) by means of neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) and interaural intensity difference (IID) by neurons of the lateral superior olive (LSO), both located in the superior olivary complex of the auditory pathway. This paper presents spiking neuron architectures of the MSO and LSO. An implementation of the Jeffress model using spiking neurons is presented as a representation of the MSO, while a spiking neuron architecture showing how neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body interact with LSO neurons to determine the azimuthal angle is discussed. Experimental results to support this work are presented.
Performance of a nonparametric power allocation algorithm for wideband terrestrial digital communication (2002)

In this paper, we describe a power allocation algorithm used to regulate the desired traffic channel transmission power in a power controlled wideband terrestrial digital communication system. A power allocation algorithm is analyzed to obtain the mean frame error rate as a function of step size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Program for PET image alignment: effects on calculated differences in cerebral metabolic rates for glucose. (1990)

A program was developed to align positron emission tomography images from multiple studies on the same subject. The program allowed alignment of two images with a fineness of one-tenth the width of a pixel. The indications and effects of misalignment were assessed in eight subjects from a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study on the effects of cocaine on regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose. Visual examination of a difference image provided a sensitive and accurate tool for assessing image alignment. Image alignment within 2.8 mm was essential to reduce variability of measured cerebral metabolic rates for glucose. Misalignment by this amount introduced errors on the order of 20% in the computed metabolic rate for glucose. These errors propagate to the difference between metabolic rates for a subject measured in basal versus perturbed states.
An Efficient Total Synthesis of Optically Active Tetrodotoxin (2004)

The toxic principle of puffer-fish poison, (−)-tetrodotoxin (1), has been recognized as a formidable synthetic target since its structure elucidation in 1964. An efficient total synthesis of 1 via the intermediate 2, which was used previously for the synthesis of 11-deoxytetrodotoxin, is described. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z460293_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Studies on Heteropentalenes. IV. Heteroannelations to Pyrrolo-[2,1-<i>b</i>]benzothiazole and Pyrrolo[2,1-<i>b</i>]thiazoles (1982)

Abstract 2,3-Dibenzoylpyrrolo[2,1-b]benzothiazole (2) and 6,7-dibenzoylpyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles (5a–b) have been synthesized by utilizing the cycloaddition reactions of imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazole and imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles, respectively, with dibenzoylacetylene followed by the elimination of a nitrile from each of the cycloadducts. Heteroannelations to 2 and 5 have been achieved by their reactions with hydrazine, aminoacetonitrile, ethyl glycinate, and phosphorus pentasulfide. The annelations by the second and third reagents proceed fairly regioselectively. Facile dimerizations of thieno[3′,4′:3,4]pyrrolo[2,1-b]benzothiazole and thieno[3′,4′:3,4]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles to be produced by the reactions with the last reagent are also described.
A High-Efficiency Nonuniform Grating Coupler Realized With 248-nm Optical Lithography (2013)

We describe a high-efficiency grating coupler (GC) fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator wafer with 220 nm top silicon layer. One single 60 nm shallow etch is required to define the diffractive gratings with a minimum lithographic feature size of 180 nm, which is within the limitation of 248 nm deep ultraviolet lithography. The measured average insertion loss is 3.1 ± 0.2 dB ~1550 nm with a 1 dB bandwidth of 41 ± 4 nm for TE polarization, whereas the best device exhibits 2.7 dB loss. The measured GC backreflection loss is better than 17 dB across the wafer. Cross-wafer data shows good uniformity and tolerance to fabrication variations. This is the best result reported for the commonly used 220 nm thickness Si that uses only a shallow etch step.
An alternative for Wang tiles (2006)

In this article we revisit the concept of Wang tiles and introduce corner tiles, square tiles with colored corners. During past years, Wang tiles have become a valuable tool in computer graphics. Important applications of Wang tiles include texture synthesis, tile-based texture mapping, and generating Poisson disk distributions. Through their colored edges, Wang tiles enforce continuity with their direct neighbors. However, Wang tiles do not directly constrain their diagonal neighbors. This leads to continuity problems near tile corners, a problem commonly known as the corner problem. Corner tiles, on the other hand, do impose restrictions on their diagonal neighbors, and thus are not subject to the corner problem. In this article we show that previous applications of Wang tiles can also be done using corner tiles, but that corner tiles have distinct advantages for each of these applications. Compared to Wang tiles, corner tiles are easier to tile, textures synthesized with corner tiles contain more samples from the original texture, corner tiles reduce the required texture memory by a factor of two for tile-based texture mapping, and Poisson disk distributions generated with corner tiles have better spectral properties. Corner tiles result in cleaner, simpler, and more efficient applications.
Highly sensitive immunodetection of DNA on sections with exogenous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and non-isotopic nucleotide analogues. (1992)

A new method is described for locating DNA on ultra-thin sections. Sections of aldehyde-fixed, plastic-embedded cells were incubated in a medium containing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and various non-isotopic nucleotide analogues. The labeled nucleotides bound to the surface of ultra-thin sections were then visualized by an indirect immunogold labeling technique. The resulting labeling pattern was strongly dependent on the divalent cation used in the TdT medium. The method revealed with great precision the specific DNA-containing structures within Ehrlich tumor cells, even where DNA was present in very low amounts. The method is compatible with all usual fixation and embedding procedures and can be combined with cytochemical methods. The in situ TdT method provides a very useful tool for pinpointing the precise location of DNA within biological material at the ultrastructural level.
A statistical analysis of murine incisional and excisional acute wound models (2014)

Mice represent the most commonly used species for preclinical in vivo research. While incisional and excisional acute murine wound models are both frequently employed, there is little agreement on which model is optimum. Moreover, current lack of standardization of wounding procedure, analysis time point(s), method of assessment, and the use of individual wounds vs. individual animals as replicates makes it difficult to compare across studies. Here we have profiled secondary intention healing of incisional and excisional wounds within the same animal, assessing multiple parameters to determine the optimal methodology for future studies. We report that histology provides the least variable assessment of healing. Furthermore, histology alone (not planimetry) is able to detect accelerated healing in a castrated mouse model. Perhaps most importantly, we find virtually no correlation between wounds within the same animal, suggesting that use of wound (not animal) biological replicates is perfectly acceptable. Overall, these findings should guide and refine future studies, increasing the likelihood of detecting novel phenotypes while reducing the numbers of animals required for experimentation.
38.2: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Fabrication of Thin Film Transistor Circuits Using Shadow Masking: A Low Cost Alternative to Conventional Lithography (2011)

Abstract Thin film transistors with micron size features are fabricated by evaporation printing (a combination of evaporation deposition through a fine metal shadow mask). Using successive deposition steps and better than lum mask to mask registry, transistor circuits are realized without conventional lithography. These components are useful in active matrix backplanes for top emitting OLED and e‐paper displays.