gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteomics Analysis of Cells in Whole Saliva from Oral Cancer Patients via Value-added Three-dimensional Peptide Fractionation and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2007)

Whole human saliva possesses tremendous potential in clinical diagnostics, particularly for conditions within the oral cavity such as oral cancer. Although many have studied the soluble fraction of whole saliva, few have taken advantage of the diagnostic potential of the cells present in saliva, and none have taken advantage of proteomics capabilities for their study. We report on a novel proteomics method with which we characterized for the first time cells contained in whole saliva from patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Our method uses three dimensions of peptide fractionation, combining the following steps: preparative IEF using free flow electrophoresis, strong cation exchange step gradient chromatography, and microcapillary reverse-phase liquid chromatography. We determined that the whole saliva samples contained enough cells, mostly exfoliated epithelial cells, providing adequate amounts of total protein for proteomics analysis. From a mixture of four oral cancer patient samples, the analysis resulted in a catalogue of over 1000 human proteins, each identified from at least two peptides, including numerous proteins with a role in oral squamous cell carcinoma signaling and tumorigenesis pathways. Additionally proteins from over 30 different bacteria were identified, some of which putatively contribute to cancer development. The combination of preparative IEF followed by strong cation exchange chromatography effectively fractionated the complex peptide mixtures despite the closely related physiochemical peptide properties of these separations (pI and solution phase charge, respectively). Furthermore compared with our two-step method combining preparative IEF and reverse-phase liquid chromatography, our three-step method identified significantly more cellular proteins while retaining higher confidence protein identification enabled by peptide pI information gained through IEF. Thus, for detecting salivary markers of oral cancer and possibly other conditions of the oral cavity, the results confirm both the potential of analyzing the cells in whole saliva and doing so with our proteomics method.
Person re-identification using sparse representation with manifold constraints (2016)

Human re-identification is still a challenging task due to the human pose and illumination variations. Nowadays, surveillance cameras with high frame rate are capable of capturing several consecutive frames from each person. Multi-shot images provide richer information of the target person compared to a single-shot image. They, however, produce a high cost of information redundancy which may degrade the performance of re-identification systems. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that combines sparse coding and manifold constraints to extract discriminative information from multi-shot images of one pedestrian for person re-identification across a set of non-overlapped surveillance cameras. The evaluation over two standard multi-shot datasets shows very competitive accuracy of our framework against the state-of-the-art.
Design and implementation of a high-performance bidirectional DC/AC converter for advanced EVs/HEVs (2006)

A high-performance bidirectional DC/AC power converter is required in low emission and high-efficiency propulsion systems such as electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. A general six-switch full-bridge inverter topology with a high efficient interior permanent magnet alternator is adopted to explore the constant-voltage, constant-current and pulsating-current charging processes. In addition, useful information such as maximum conversion ratio, average armature current, armature current ripple and output voltage ripple are derived based on the equivalent circuit model where the armature resistance of the alternator and the conduction resistance of the power switch are considered. A 32 bit digital signal processor, TI 2812, is used to implement the switching strategies and the control algorithms. Experimental results indicate that the performance of the proposed control strategy is satisfactory for all of the popular charging strategies employed. Compared with the traditional claw pole alternator, the proposed strategy exhibits a significant improvement in output efficiency.
Rapid and robust whole slide imaging based on LED-array illumination and color-multiplexed single-shot autofocusing (2019)

A programmable LED array can be used for color-multiplexed single-shot autofocusing in WSI. The reported scheme may enable the development of cost-effective WSI platforms without positional repeatability requirement. It may also provide a turnkey solution for other high-content microscopy applications.
Prediction of the dielectric properties of non-ferroelectric complex perovskites and of the ternary system Ba/SrO-Ln<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-xTiO<sub>2</sub>for microwave applications (1996)

Abstract In the first part of this work an attempt is presented to predict the dielectric properties of solid solutions of non-ferroelectric complex perovskites by means of structural predictions based on the tolerance factor and a microscopic model, an estimation of the optical permittivity based on the Gladstone-Dale relation, and an estimation of total polarisability accordingly to the molecular/ion additivity rule. The objective is to produce materials with increased relative permittivity ε0 and very low thermal coefficient of the resonant frequency τf. The new compositions with predicted dielectric properties are then fabricated in ceramic form and structurally, electrically and optically characterised to verify the model. Results show good agreement with the structural features and optical permittivities. However, the calculated total polarisability for relative permittivities larger than 20 seems to be inaccurate and need further development. In the second part, the study of the dielectric and structural properties of ceramics based on the ternary system Ba/SrO-Ln2O3-xTiO2 (Ln= Nd, Sm, Gd) with 4 < x < 5 is presented. A preliminary attempt to relate the dielectric behaviour with the structural properties and the chemical and phase composition was made in the case of Ln= Nd, Sm. Special attention was paid to the thermal coefficient of the permittivity τε, because it shows positive values for Ba-Sm-based compounds and negative values for the Ba-Nd-composition and for Ba/Sr-Sm-solid solutions.
Response of graphene to femtosecond high-intensity laser irradiation (2011)

We study the response of graphene to high-intensity, 50-femtosecond laser pulse excitation. We establish that graphene has a high (∼3 × 1012 Wcm−2) single-shot damage threshold. Above this threshold, a single laser pulse cleanly ablates graphene, leaving microscopically defined edges. Below this threshold, we observe laser-induced defect formation leading to degradation of the lattice over multiple exposures. We identify the lattice modification processes through in-situ Raman microscopy. The effective lifetime of chemical vapor deposition grown graphene under femtosecond near-infrared irradiation and its dependence on laser intensity is determined. These results also define the limits of non-linear applications of graphene in femtosecond high-intensity regime.
New Applications for Touchscreen in 2D and 3D Medical Imaging Workstations (1995)

We present a new interface technique which augments a 3D user interface based on the physical manipulation of tools, or props, with a touchscreen. This hybrid interface intuitively and seamlessly combines 3D input with more traditional 2D input in the same user interface. Example 2D interface tasks of interest include selecting patient images from a database, browsing through axial, coronal, and sagittal image slices, or adjusting image center and window parameters. Note the facility with which a touchscreen can be used: the surgeon can move in 3D using the props, and then, without having to put the props down, the surgeon can reach out and touch the screen to perform 2D tasks. Based on previous work by Sears, we provide touchscreen users with visual feedback in the form of a small cursor which appears above the finger, allowing targets much smaller than the finger itself to be selected. Based on our informal user observations to date, this touchscreen stabilization algorithm allows ta...
A multilevel inverter approach providing DC-link balancing, ride-through enhancement, and common-mode voltage elimination (2002)

This paper presents a simple control method for balancing the DC-link voltage of three-level neutral-point-clamped inverters, while providing enhanced ride-through and common-mode voltage (CMV) elimination. The method uses DC-DC power converter technology on the DC link for balancing and ride-through enhancement, and a modified pulsewidth-modulation switching algorithm for CMV elimination. Simulation and experimental results are supplied to confirm the validity of the proposed method, which includes full digital signal processor control.
Contribution of Jaw Muscle Size and Craniofacial Morphology to Human Bite Force Magnitude (1999)

The existence of an interaction among bite force magnitude, jaw muscle size (e.g., cross-sectional area, thickness), and craniofacial morphology is widely accepted. Bite force magnitude depends on the size of the jaw muscles and the lever arm lengths of bite force and muscle forces, which in turn are dictated by craniofacial morphology. In this study, the relative contributions of craniofacial morphology and jaw muscle thickness to the bite force magnitude were studied. In 121 adult individuals, both magnitude and direction of the maximal voluntary bite force were registered. Craniofacial dimensions were measured by anthropometrics and from lateral radiographs. The thicknesses of the masseter, temporal, and digastric muscles were registered by ultrasonography. After a factor analysis was applied to the anthropometric and cephalometric dimensions, the correlation between bite force magnitude, on the one hand, and the "craniofacial factors" and jaw muscle thicknesses, on the other, was assessed by stepwise multiple regression. Fifty-eight percent of the bite force variance could be explained. From the jaw muscles, only the thickness of the masseter muscle correlated significantly with bite force magnitude. Bite force magnitude also correlated significantly positively with vertical and transverse facial dimensions and the inclination of the midface, and significantly negatively with mandibular inclination and occlusal plane inclination. The contribution of the masseter muscle to the variation in bite force magnitude was higher than that of the craniofacial factors.
Development of new ricin A‐chain immunotoxins with potent anti‐tumor effects against human hodgkin cells <i>in vitro</i> and disseminated Hodgkin tumors in scid mice using high‐affinity monoclonal antibodies directed against the CD30 antigen (1995)

The lymphocyte activation marker CD30 has been shown to be an excellent target for the immunotherapy of human Hodgkin's lymphoma. In order to develop new potent immunotoxins (ITs) against CD30, we chemically linked 6 recently described monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) via SMPT to deglycosylated ricin A-chain (dgA). Cross-blocking experiments demonstrated that these MAbs, termed Ki-2 to Ki-7, recognize 3 different clusters on the CD30 antigen: Ki-2, Ki-4, Ki-5 and Ki-7 recognize cluster A; Ki-6 recognizes cluster B; Ki-3 binds to cluster C. Staining of 29 sections of normal human organs revealed no major cross-reactivity of any MAbs tested. Binding to the CD30 antigen on L540Cy Hodgkin cells was assessed by flow cytometry, and demonstrated high affinities for Ki-2, Ki-3 and Ki-4. The concentration giving 50% of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI50) was 0.58 micrograms/ml to 0.78 micrograms/l. MAbs Ki-5, Ki-6, and Ki-7 bound much more weakly. The staining intensity of the MAbs correlated with the cytotoxicity of the corresponding ITs. Ki-2.dgA, ki-3.dgA and Ki-4.dgA inhibited the protein synthesis of L540Cy cells by 50% at concentrations (IC50) of 3.5 x 10(-10)M to 4.0 x 10(-11)M. The most effective IT, Ki-4dgA, is 5-fold more potent than previously reported CD30 ricin A-chain ITs. Ki-4.dgA was subsequently used for the treatment of disseminated human Hodgkin's lymphoma in a SCID mouse model. The mean survival time (MST) of lymphoma-bearing SCID mice was extended from 42 days in untreated controls to more than 132 days when Ki-4.dgA was applied one day after tumor challenge. Ki-4.dgA is a new potent IT suitable for further evaluation against Hodgkin's lymphoma in man.
Time-resolved imaging on a realistic tissue phantom: μs′ and μa images versus time-integrated images (1996)

A method is proposed by which we construct images through turbid media, plotting directly either the transport-scattering coefficient μ(s) ' or the absorption coefficient μ(a). These optical parameters are obtained from the best fit of the time-resolved transmittance curves with a diffusion model. Measurements were performed with a time-correlated single-photon counting system on realistic tissue phantoms simulating a tumor mass within a breast. Images were obtained with an incident power of <1 mW and an acquisition time of 1 s/point. Comparison of μ(s) ' and μ(a) images with time-integrated images constructed from the same experimental data shows that the fitting method discriminates between scattering and absorption inhomogeneities and improves image quality for scattering but not for absorption inhomogeneities.
Reduced iron powder: Manufacturing problems and prospects (2011)

The range of raw materials that may be used in the production of reduced iron powder is severely constricted by the strict requirements on its chemical composition and properties. Industrial tests at OAOAvtoVAZ have shown that optimal performance is obtained for iron powder produced from granulated iron oxides supplied by OAO NLMK and also from rolled scale supplied by Il’ich Mariupol Metallurgical Works. Industrial production of reduced iron powder at OAO NLMK is proposed.
ASF quality assurance for eLoran (2012)

eLoran has the potential to act as a cross-platform backup radio-navigation system to GPS to provide Position Navigation and Timing. As service providers of differential-eLoran for maritime navigation, the General Lighthouse Authorities of the UK and Ireland (the GLAs) must ensure that the system meets the internationally agreed standards for Accuracy, Availability, Continuity and Integrity. For eLoran to provide accuracy better than 10m (95%), the user must have knowledge of the signal propagation Additional Secondary Factors (ASFs). The GLAs are charged with the measurement, validation and publication of accurate ASF tables for use within users' receivers. To this end an extensive surveying campaign is required in order to measure the ASF tables for the nominated harbours and port approaches for eLoran IOC before 2014. It is important that sufficient survey data is gathered to ensure high-quality ASF tables can be produced, but equally that surveying effort and ship-time are kept to a minimum to reduce costs. Making use of an ASF error-budget, novel processing techniques and an Integrity-based Quality Assurance methodology for ASF surveying have been created. This is designed to give the GLAs a real-time picture of the progress of an on-going survey, so surveying resources can be used effectively to maximise data quality. As an additional benefit, ASF -table Quality figures can be fed into an eLoran Integrity equation to keep the mariner informed of the level of performance they can expect from the eLoran system. This will ensure that eLoran is used with an appropriate degree of trust during the various phases of a voyage for which it is used.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of 2‘-Fluoro-5-methyl-4‘-thioarabinouridine (4‘S-FMAU) (2006)

An improved synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-5-methyl-4'-thioarabinouridine (4'S-FMAU) is described. Participation of the 3'-O-benzoyl protecting group in the thiosugar precursor influenced the stereochemistry of the N-glycosylation reaction in nonpolar solvents, permitting a higher beta/alpha ratio than previously observed for similar Lewis acid catalyzed glycosylations. Conformational analysis of the nucleoside using 3JHH and 3JHF NMR coupling constants together with the PSEUROT program showed that it adopted a predominantly northern conformation in contrast to 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-5-methylarabinouridine (FMAU), whose PSEUROT conformational analysis is presented here for the first time, which showed a dominantly southeast conformation. The sharp conformational switch attained by replacing the ring heteroatom is attributed to a decrease in relevant steric and stereoelectronic effects.
Practice of ‘student-centered’ physiological teaching reform (2012)

‘Student-centered’ teaching model is the needs of higher medical education.In the process of education,we carried out comprehensive and systematic reforms by satisfying students' needs and improving students' ability as the main line.These reforms included change of teaching methods (the basic theory combined with clinical knowledge),increase of innovative experiments and change of evaluation system.These results showed that students were interested in these reforms,the innovation abilities of students were improved and students could pay more attention to the process of learning.

Key words: 
Student-centered;  Physiology;  Teaching reform
The effect of topical phenylpropanolamine on nasal secretion and nasal airway resistance after histamine challenge in man (1985)

The effect of topically administered phenylpropanolamine (PPA) on nasal secretion and nasal airway resistance (NAR) was evaluated in a placebo controlled double blind cross-over study in 10 healthy subjects. The nasal secretion was collected in handkerchiefs and weighed. NAR was measured by anterior rhinomanometry and the degree of nasal blockage, secretion and the number of sneezes were registered in a score. PPA (25 mg/ml) significantly reduced nasal secretion, NAR and the degree of blockage and so PPA may be useful as a topical nasal decongestant.
Self‐Organization of FePt Nanoparticles on Photochemically Modified Diblock Copolymer Templates (2005)

A cylindrical-phase diblock copolymer ultrathin film is modified with vacuum UV light to selectively remove one of the surface domain components. The corrugated film then serves as a template for the self-organization of colloidal magnetic nanoparticles (see Figure). This hierarchical methodology is a general route to the nanoscale assembly of functional materials. This work has ramifications for potential future bit-patterned magnetic-storage media.
The origin and outcome of preterm twin pregnancies (1995)

Twins accounted for a disproportional amount of preterm birth and associated morbidity and mortality. Also, when preterm twins were compared with preterm singletons and corrected for their gestational ages, the rates of morbidity were similar. Preterm twins weighing less than 1000 g did not have an increased prevalence of major handicaps at 1 year of age compared with preterm singletons.
Isolation of a novel paraquat-inducible (pqi) gene regulated by the soxRS locus in Escherichia coli (1995)

We have isolated promoters inducible by paraquat, a superoxide radical-generating agent, from Escherichia coli, using promoter-probing plasmid pJAC4 (Y.S. Koh and J.H. Roe, Korean J. Microbiol. 31:267-273, 1993). One promoter clone pqi-5 (pqi denotes paraquat-inducible gene) was mapped at 21.8 min on the E. coli chromosome by using the Kohara phage library. We constructed an operon fusion of the lacZ gene with the pqi-5 promoter to monitor the expression of the gene in the single-copy state. LacZ expression was induced about 7- to 13-fold by 77 to 780 microM paraquat. Other known superoxide generators such as menadione, phenazine methosulfate, and plumbagin also induced the expression of beta-galactosidase in this fusion strain. On the other hand, no significant induction was observed with treatment with hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, and heat shock. Induction of beta-galactosidase was significantly reduced by introducing a delta sox-8::cat or soxS3::Tn10 mutation into the fusion strain, indicating that pqi-5 is a member of the soxRS regulon. A DNA fragment containing the pqi-5 promoter was cloned and sequenced from the Kohara phage E2E5. We identified two pqi-5 open reading frames (ORFs); ORF-A encodes a predicted protein of 342 amino acids, and ORF-B is truncated at the cloning site. The transcription start site from the pqi-5 promoter was determined by primer extension and S1 nuclease protection analyses. Northern (RNA) and S1 analyses indicated that there are two kinds of pqi-5 transcript; one covers ORF-A only and the other covers ORF-A and possibly also ORF-B.
Robust Facial Landmark Detection via Heatmap-Offset Regression (2020)

Facial landmark detection aims at localizing multiple keypoints for a given facial image, which usually suffers from variations caused by arbitrary pose, diverse facial expression and partial occlusion. In this paper, we develop a two-stage regression network for facial landmark detection on unconstrained conditions. Our model consists of a Structural Hourglass Network (SHN) for detecting the initial locations of all facial landmarks based on heatmap generation, and a Global Constraint Network (GCN) for further refining the detected locations based on offset estimation. Specifically, SHN introduces an improved Inception-ResNet unit as basic building block, which can effectively improve the receptive field and learn contextual feature representations. In the meanwhile, a novel loss function with adaptive weight is proposed to make the whole model focus on the hard landmarks precisely. GCN attempts to explore the spatial contextual relationship between facial landmarks and refine the initial locations of facial landmarks by optimizing the global constraint. Moreover, we develop a pre-processing network to generate features with different scales, which will be transmitted to SHN and GCN for effective feature representations. Different from existing models, the proposed method realizes the heatmap-offset framework, which combines the outputs of heatmaps generated by SHN and coordinates estimated by GCN, to obtain an accurate prediction. The extensive experimental results on several challenging datasets, including 300W, COFW, AFLW, and 300-VW confirm that our method achieve competitive performance compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Role of folylpolyglutamates in biochemical modulation of fluoropyrimidines by leucovorin. (1991)

The growth-inhibitory effect of fluoropyrimidines combined with a short-term exposure to leucovorin and the pattern of polyglutamylation of folates were compared between parental CCRF-CEM cells and a cell line with impaired ability to form polyglutamates (CCRF-CEM/P). The combination of leucovorin with 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine increased the growth inhibition of CCRF-CEM cells compared to the fluoropyrimidine alone in the parent cell line but not in CCRF-CEM/P cells. In addition, leucovorin produced a significant increase in the inhibition of intracellular thymidylate synthase activity caused by 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine as compared to these drugs alone in CCRF-CEM cells, but no increase in inhibition over that produced by the single drugs alone was observed in CCRF-CEM/P cells. Although levels of 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate after leucovorin administration were similar in both cell lines, polyglutamylation of this coenzyme was decreased in the CCRF-CEM/P cell line. The inability of CCRF-CEM/P cells to form significant levels of polyglutamates of N5,N10-methylenete-trahydrofolate, may be responsible for the lack of enhanced cell kill observed when a short exposure to leucovorin is used with fluoropyrimidines.