gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Illustrations, Text, and the Child Reader: What are Pictures in Children's Storybooks for? (1996)

Picture books are profusely illustrated books in which the illustrations are, to varying degrees, essential to the en joyment and understanding of the story (Tomlinson and Lynch-Brown, 1996). As the most characteristic form of children's literature (Nodelman, 1996), picture books hold a prominent place in children's literature because of the juxtaposition of pictures and words. Thanks to the public's acute awareness of the importance of childhood in human devel opment, to professional critical evaluation of children's literature, as well as to the advances in printing technology and art reproduction, children's literature has witnessed a dramatic increase in well-illustrated picture books.
Segmentation of 4D Cardiac Images: Investigation on Statistical Shape Models (2006)

The purpose of this research was two-fold: (1) to investigate the properties of statistical shape models constructed from manually segmented cardiac ventricular chambers to confirm the validity of an automatic 4-dimensional (4D) segmentation model that uses gradient vector flow (GVF) images of the original data and (2) to develop software to further automate the steps necessary in active shape model (ASM) training. These goals were achieved by first constructing ASMs from manually segmented ventricular models by allowing the user to cite entire datasets for processing using a GVF-based landmarking procedure and principal component analysis (PCA) to construct the statistical shape model. The statistical shape model of one dataset was used to regulate the segmentation of another dataset according to its GVF, and these results were then analyzed and found to accurately represent the original cardiac data when compared to the manual segmentation results as the golden standard.
Phylodynamic Reconstruction Reveals Norovirus GII.4 Epidemic Expansions and their Molecular Determinants (2010)

Noroviruses are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis. An increase in the number of globally reported norovirus outbreaks was seen the past decade, especially for outbreaks caused by successive genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) variants. Whether this observed increase was due to an upswing in the number of infections, or to a surveillance artifact caused by heightened awareness and concomitant improved reporting, remained unclear. Therefore, we set out to study the population structure and changes thereof of GII.4 strains detected through systematic outbreak surveillance since the early 1990s. We collected 1383 partial polymerase and 194 full capsid GII.4 sequences. A Bayesian MCMC coalescent analysis revealed an increase in the number of GII.4 infections during the last decade. The GII.4 strains included in our analyses evolved at a rate of 4.3-9.0x10(-3) mutations per site per year, and share a most recent common ancestor in the early 1980s. Determinants of adaptation in the capsid protein were studied using different maximum likelihood approaches to identify sites subject to diversifying or directional selection and sites that co-evolved. While a number of the computationally determined adaptively evolving sites were on the surface of the capsid and possible subject to immune selection, we also detected sites that were subject to constrained or compensatory evolution due to secondary RNA structures, relevant in virus-replication. We highlight codons that may prove useful in identifying emerging novel variants, and, using these, indicate that the novel 2008 variant is more likely to cause a future epidemic than the 2007 variant. While norovirus infections are generally mild and self-limiting, more severe outcomes of infection frequently occur in elderly and immunocompromized people, and no treatment is available. The observed pattern of continually emerging novel variants of GII.4, causing elevated numbers of infections, is therefore a cause for concern.
Equilibrium-Fluctuation Analysis for Interaction Studies between Natural Ligands and Single G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Native Lipid Vesicles (2015)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the most versatile family of cell-membrane receptors and have been increasingly identified as important mediators of many physiological functions. They also belong to one of the most central drug target classes, but current screening technologies are limited by the requirements of overexpression and stabilization of GPCRs. This calls for sensitivity-increased detection strategies preferably meeting single-molecule detection limits. This challenge is here addressed by employing total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to characterize the interaction kinetics between CXCR3, a GPCR involved in inflammatory responses, and two of its chemokine ligands, CXCL10 and CXCL11. Fluorescence labeling of the lipid membrane, rather than the membrane protein itself, of GPCR-containing native vesicles, and immobilization of the corresponding ligand on the surface, enabled determination of the interaction kinetics using single-molecule equilibrium-fluctuation analysis. With a limit of detection of GPCR-containing vesicles in the low picomolar concentration regime, the results demonstrate the possibility to use inhibition in solution screening of high affinity ligands/drug candidates, which due to target-binding depletion of the inhibiting compounds is demanding using assays with more moderate detection limits.
[A novel model for visualization of tumor cell-induced angiogenesis in vivo]. (2002)

The bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell line, BTT739 from the T739 mouse, was transfected with a plasmid that encoded an enhanced green fluorescence protein (GFP) and the cells stably expressing GFP were selected and subcloned. 1 x 10(3)-1 x 10(4) GFP-labeled BTT739 cells were injected under the skin of ear of T739 mice. On day 2-5 post injection, the most interesting manifestations observed were the chemotaxis-like movement of the tumor cells toward the pre-existing host vasculature, host vessel dilation and tortuosity and increased extravasation. On day 10 or later, the sprout from pre-existing host vasculature was observed. Once angiogenesis was triggered on, the tumor cells grew more rapidly and exhibited a specific growth pattern where tumor cells always associated with or surrounded the vessels. The newly formed microvessels always showed heavy extravasation. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed strong VEGF and VEGFR2 (Flk-1) expression in tumor cells. Angiography using Rhodamin-labeled dextran showed neovascularization with unprecedented clarity. However, the tumor mass, even bigger than 2 mm and being neovascularized, shrunk and then disappear in 3-5 days and left only delicated host vessels and recovered extravasation. The evidence from this observation indicated that angiogenesis induced by tumor cells after implantation into the host begins at very early stage. The micrometastases foci could not form or survive without vigorous and continuous angiogenesis. Furthermore, there was active VEGF paracrine and autocrine expression in tumor and high level VEGF secretion by tumor cells plays an important role in initiating angiogenesis and supporting micrometastases.
On k-Nearest Neighbor Voronoi Diagrams in the Plane (1982)

The notion of Voronoi diagram for a set of N points in the Euclidean plane is generalized to the Voronoi diagram of order k and an iterative algorithm to construct the generalized diagram in 0(k2N log N) time using 0(k2(N − k)) space is presented. It is shown that the k-nearest neighbor problem and other seemingly unrelated problems can be solved efficiently with the diagram.
A Fracture Treatment Design Optimization Process To Increase Production and Control Proppant Flowback for Low-Temperature, Low-Pressure Reservoirs (2005)

Abstract As the pumping pressure is released at the end of a fracturing treatment, the proppant remains in the fractures, holding them open and forming conduits for fluid to flow into the wellbore. If the proppant flows back into the wellbore, the width of the fracture channels will decrease. The loss of proppant from the fractures limits the flow-channel conductivity, choking the production potential of the well and impairing the effectiveness of the fracture treatment. Resin-coated sands, oriented perforating, tip screen-out designs, and screens are just some of the technologies that have been applied in the past to overcome the aforementioned problem. For low-temperature, low-pressured reservoirs, the challenges increase because even small pressure drops or conductivity reductions can have a large influence on the final production results, and resin-coated sand will not cure effectively at temperatures below 130°F. This paper highlights how a proppant production problem was successfully overcome through the application of several technologies. Statistical analysis was used to help evaluate these technologies during the trial period, indicating that orientated perforating had a limited influence on the proppant flow-back, but a negative impact on production. However, with the help of a tip screen-out design and a newly developed proppant flow-back control additive, the proppant flow-back problem was overcome and production was improved.
Conditional Maximum Covariance Analysis and Its Application to the Tropical Indian Ocean SST and Surface Wind Stress Anomalies* (2003)

Abstract This study introduces the conditional maximum covariance analysis (CMCA). The normal maximum covariance analysis (MCA) is a method that isolates the most coherent pairs of spatial patterns and their associated time series by performing an eigenanalysis on the temporal covariance matrix between two geophysical fields. Different from the normal MCA, the CMCA not only isolates the most coherent patterns between two fields but also excludes the unwanted signal by subtracting the regressed value of each employed field that depends on the unwanted signal. To evaluate the usefulness of the CMCA, it is applied to the tropical Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and surface wind stress anomalies, from which the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal is removed. Results show that the first mode of the CMCA represents an east–west contrast pattern in SST and a monopole pattern in the zonal wind stress centered at the equatorial central Indian Ocean. The corresponding expansion coefficients are complete...
Size Reduction of Microstrip Antennas using Metamaterials (2005)

In this paper we present the design of a novel compact microstrip patch antenna (MPA) whose size is reduced via the use of metamaterials. The MPA is loaded with a miniaturized multilayered left-handed (LH) transmission line that increases the effective wavelength of the antenna, and thus lowers the resonant frequency of the radiating mode. This, in turn, leads to a substantial reduction in its size as compared to the conventional half-wavelength (/spl lambda//2) MPA. With an impedance bandwidth of around 3%, the performance of the loaded MPA is similar to that of /spl lambda//2 MPA.
A microwave method for estimating absolute value of average lung water (1982)

A procedure using microwave transmission to estimate the absolute value of lung water content is described. The method involves obtaining a transverse cross‐sectional image of a human subject using a computerized axial tomographic X ray scanner, with the microwave applicators in position. The electromagnetic field problem, including the size and shape of the internal organs, is then solved numerically using the method of moments. Since the mismatch between the microwave applicators and the patient's skin is found to be highly insensitive to the changes in the underlying lung parenchyma, the transmission coefficient can then be directly related to the average amount of total water content in the lung. Results for human and animal cross sections are presented.
Schottky barrier contact-based RF MEMS switch (2007)

This paper presents the design, fabrication and measurement results for a novel Schottky barrier contactbased RF MEMS switch. This Schottky barrier contact allows one to operate the RF MEMS switch in a traditional capacitive mode when it is reverse biased, but can also conduct current in a forward biased state. Forward biasing the switch recombines trapped charges, thus extending the lifetime of the switch. This work intimately combines MEMS processing with solid-state electronics to produce a truly unique RF device. To the author’s knowledge, nothing similar to this work has ever been reported.
Effects of Antioxidants on Oxygen Toxicity<i>in Vivo</i>and Lipid Peroxidation<i>in Vitro</i> (1992)

Convulsions and pulmonary damage result when animals are exposed to hyperbaric oxygen at pressures above about 300 kPa. Several hydroxyl radical scavengers (namely dimethylsulphoxide, dimethylthiourea and mannitol), the iron chelator desferrioxamine and the lipid antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene were tested for possible protection against such hyperbaric oxygen toxicity. Dimethylthiourea and dimethylsulphoxide prolonged the latency to the first convulsion, but, surprisingly, dimethylthiourea very significantly increased pulmonary damage at both pressures used (515 and 585 kPa). Desferrioxamine also slightly increased lung damage at 585 kPa. Other antioxidants did not alter neurotoxicity or pulmonary toxicity induced by hyperbaric oxygen at 515 or 585 kPa. The antioxidants were also tested for their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation (TBARS formation) in vitro. Desferrioxamine (5 and 50 microM), and butylated hydroxytoluene (0.1 mM and 1 mM) greatly inhibited TBARS formation in brain and lung homogenates incubated at 37 degrees. None of the hydroxyl radical scavengers affected TBARS levels in homogenates. There was no correlation between in vitro inhibition of lipid peroxidation and in vivo protection against oxygen toxicity.
Chlorella Viruses Encode Multiple DNA Methyltransferases (1998)

The >320 kb dsDNA genomes of 16 viruses which infect Chlorella strain NC64A and 5 viruses infecting Chlorella strain Pbi were tested for their sensitivity/resistance to more than 80 DNA restriction endonucleases. From the known methylation sensitivities of these enzymes to site-specific 5-methylcytosine and N6-methyladenine DNA modifications, we deduce that the 16 NC64A viruses encode at least 13 different sequence-specific DNA methyltransferases and the 5 Pbi viruses encode at least 7 sequence-specific DNA methyltransferases. Each DNA methyltransferase has a 2 to 4 base pair DNA recognition sequence. Some individual viruses encode as many as ten different DNA methyltransferases, making these chlorella virus genomes among the most concentrated sources of DNA methyltransferase genes known.
Alicyclic Amino Acids (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlicyclic Amino AcidsJ. P. Greenstein and J. Wyman Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 10, 2341–2347Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01277a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01277a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Precursor‐Substrate Distances on the Growth of GaN Nanowires (2015)

GaN nanowires were synthesized through the Ni‐catalyzed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using Ga 2 O 3 /GaN mixtures as gallium sources, and precursor‐substrate distances were investigated as the important factor for the growth of GaN nanowires. The microstructure, composition, and photoluminescence property were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectra. The results showed that single crystalline GaN nanowires with the diameter of about 90 nm and the length up to tens of micrometers had been grown thickly across Si (100) substrates with uniform density. Moreover, the variations of the GaN nanowire morphology, density, and size were largely attributed to substrate positions which would influence Ga precursor density in the carrier gas, the saturation degree of gaseous reactants, and the catalyst activity, respectively, in the fabrication of GaN nanowires by the vapour liquid solid mechanism.
Parallel Computations for Controlling an Arm (1984)

In order to control a reaching movement of the arm and body, several different computational problems must be solved. Some parallel methods that could be implemented in networks of neuron-like processors are described. Each method solves a different part of the overall task. First, a method is described for finding the torques necessary to follow a desired trajectory. The methods is more economical and more versatile than table look-up and requires very few sequential steps. Then a way of generating an internal representation of a desired trajectory is described. This method shows the trajectory one piece at a time by applying a large set of heuristic rules to a "motion blackboard" that represents the static and dynamic parameters of the state of the body at the current point in the trajectory. The computations are simplified by expressing the positions, orientations, and motions of parts of the body in terms of a single, non-accelerating, world-based frame of reference, rather than in terms of the joint-angles or an egocentric frame based on the body itself.
An expanded set of design criteria for substitution boxes and their use in strengthening DES-like cryptosystems (2002)

The security of DES-like cryptosystems depends heavily on the strength of the substitution boxes (S-boxes) used. The design of new S-boxes is therefore an important concern in the creation of new and more secure cryptosystems. The full set of design criteria for the S-boxes of DES has never been released and a complete set has yet to be proposed in the open literature. A unified S-box design framework is introduced based on information theory and illustrates how it can be used to strengthen and design the S-boxes used in DES-like cryptosystems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integrated processing for microelectronics science and technology (1992)

This paper is a review of integrated processing-an approach to microelectronics fabrication in which sequential processes are linked by wafer transfer through a clean, controlled environment (e.g., high vacuum or inert gas). The approach is rapidly becoming the state of the art in microelectronics research, development, and manufacturing. In microelectronics research, it provides a means for advancing mechanistic understanding and material quality through in situ fabrication of test structures and extensive in situ diagnostics. In microelectronics development and manufacturing, it promises process simplification, improved contamination control and yield, and potentially more flexible equipment utilization. With increasing emphasis on ultraclean processing, involving control of reactive impurities as well as particles, and on real-time process monitoring and control, applications of integrated processing are moving toward a common ground in which state-of-the-art research techniques can be used to address key issues in development and manufacturing, and provide in return substantive guidelines for manufacturing design and practice.
A Prediction-Based Handover Trigger Time Selection Strategy in Varying Network Overlapping Environment (2011)

Emergence of various radio access networks enables users to communicate with each other anytime and anywhere. Handover management strategy directly influences the user's service continuity performance and quality of service. In this paper, we propose a handover trigger time selection strategy based on the prediction of received signal strength. With auto-regression model, the mobile terminal predicts both the earliest and the latest handover trigger time threshold, and then determines the optimal trigger time. Simulation results show that our proposed method can almost eliminate handover failure and has a good adaptability to the varying network overlapping environment.
The generalized simplex method for minimizing a linear form under linear inequality restraints (1955)

Background and summary. The determination of "optimum" solutions of systems of linear inequalities is assuming increasing importance as a tool for mathematical analysis of certain problems in economics, logistics, and the theory of games [l;5] The solution of large systems is becoming more feasible with the advent of high-speed digital computers; however, as in the related problem of inversion of large matrices, there are difficulties which remain to be resolved connected with rank. This paper develops a theory for avoiding assumptions regarding rank of underlying matrices which has import in applications where little or nothing is known about the rank of the linear inequality system under consideration.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY RM2 AS A NEW TRACER OF NUCLEAR IMAGING FOR PROSTATE CANCER (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY RM2 AS A NEW TRACER OF NUCLEAR IMAGING FOR PROSTATE CANCER Yoko Hasegawa, Nobuyuki Oyama, Keiko Nagase, Hironobu Akino, Yoshiji Miwa, Yasuhisa Fujibayashi, Takako Furukawa, Yoichi Arai, Seiichi Saito, and Osamu Yokoyama Yoko HasegawaYoko Hasegawa More articles by this author , Nobuyuki OyamaNobuyuki Oyama More articles by this author , Keiko NagaseKeiko Nagase More articles by this author , Hironobu AkinoHironobu Akino More articles by this author , Yoshiji MiwaYoshiji Miwa More articles by this author , Yasuhisa FujibayashiYasuhisa Fujibayashi More articles by this author , Takako FurukawaTakako Furukawa More articles by this author , Yoichi AraiYoichi Arai More articles by this author , Seiichi SaitoSeiichi Saito More articles by this author , and Osamu YokoyamaOsamu Yokoyama More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)61127-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY RM2 AS A NEW TRACER OF NUCLEAR IMAGING FOR PROSTATE CANCER." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), p. 397 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 397 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Yoko Hasegawa More articles by this author Nobuyuki Oyama More articles by this author Keiko Nagase More articles by this author Hironobu Akino More articles by this author Yoshiji Miwa More articles by this author Yasuhisa Fujibayashi More articles by this author Takako Furukawa More articles by this author Yoichi Arai More articles by this author Seiichi Saito More articles by this author Osamu Yokoyama More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...