gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcranial route of brain targeted delivery of methadone in oil (2009)

The unique anatomical arrangement of blood vessels and sinuses in the human skull and the brain, the prevalence of a high density of skin appendages in the scalp, extracranial vessels of the scalp communicating with the brain via emissary veins and most importantly, the way that the scalp is used in Ayurvedic medical system in treating diseases associated with the brain show that a drug could be transcranially delivered and targeted to the brain through the scalp. The present study was to investigate by measuring the antinociceptive effect on rats whether the opioid analgesic methadone could be delivered and targeted to the brain by transcranial delivery route. A non aqueous solution of methadone base in sesame oil was used for the application on the scalp. Animal studies were carried out using six groups of male rats consisting of group 1, the oral control treated with distilled water 1 ml; group 2, the oral positive control treated with methadone hydrochloride solution 316.5 μg/ml; group 3, the negative control treated transcranially with the blank sesame oil 0.2 ml and three test groups 4, 5 and 6 treated with three different dose levels of the transcranial oil formulation of methadone base, 41.6 μg/0.2 ml, 104 μg/0.2 ml and 208 μg/0.2 ml, respectively. The antinociceptive effects were examined by subjecting the rats to the hot plate and tail flick tests. The two higher concentrations of the three transcranial methadone formulations yielded response vs time curves showing nearly equal maximum antinociceptive effects similar to that of the oral positive control. Maximum analgesic effect after transcranial administration was observed between 1st and 2nd h and declined up to 6th hour. The results indicate that the transcranial brain targeted delivery of methadone base in the form of an oil based non aqueous solution results in statistically significant antinociceptive effects under experimental conditions. Therefore, it is possible to deliver central nervous system drugs through the proposed transcranial route when suitably formulated.
Mixed traffic packet scheduling in UTRAN Long Term Evolution Downlink (2008)

In this paper we study the packet scheduling of mixed traffic in UTRAN long term evolution downlink. A dynamic packet scheduling (PS) architecture with service classification, queue specific sorting and scheduling algorithms as well as frequency domain PS has been presented to differentiate scheduling of different traffic classes. Simulation results have been provided by using control data, voice-over-IP (VoIP) and best effort (BE) traffic types. The results show that VoIP prioritizing is needed to keep the VoIP UEs satisfied. However, the strict prioritizing decreases the system spectral efficiency to around 70-80% of the pure BE spectral efficiency due to small VoIP packets.
Subband/VQ coding of color images with perceptually optimal bit allocation (1994)

Subband coding and vector quantization combined can provide a powerful method for compressing color images. The use of properties of the human visual system can increase the performance of such a system and allow one to achieve very high quality reconstructed images at compression ratios exceeding 10:1. The authors design a color subband-vector quantization system, and formulate the bit allocation problem as an optimization problem where the objective function depends on the distortion-rate curves of the quantizers and on a set of perceptual weights. These weights are derived from data provided by measurements of the mean detection threshold of the human visual system for color transitions along the luminance, red-green, and blue-yellow directions. Minimization of the objective function constrained by the desired bit rate gives a perceptually optimal bit allocation. Three subband/VQ cases are examined. In the first two cases (case 1 and case 2), the color components of the lowest frequency subband are scalar quantized. Case 1 combines the three color components of each pixel of the higher frequency subbands into a three-dimensional vector, while case 2 creates four-dimensional vectors from 2/spl times/2 blocks in each subband color component. The third case (case 3) is the same as case 2, except that the chrominance components of the lowest frequency subband are also vector quantized with 2/spl times/2 blocks in each component. To obtain the required compression ratio and the high color fidelity required for HDTV applications, the vector quantization is done in C.I.E. L*a*b* space and AC/sub 1/C/sub 2/ space.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Linear and nonlinear optical properties of platinum-ethynyl (1998)

We report an experimental investigation of absorption, fluorescence, and nonlinear absorption in a platinum-ethynyl complex. We have observed strong singlet absorption at 355 nm, and a weaker triplet absorption at 520 nm. Photoluminescence measurements show a fluorescence band at 400 nm and a phosphorescence band at 520 nm. Pump–probe nonlinear absorption measurements confirmed that S0→T1 followed by excited triplet-state absorption corresponds to the dominant excitation path in the region between 513 and 532 nm.
Colloidal Superstructures Programmed into Magnetic Janus Particles (2014)

By engineering thin magnetic films onto homogeneous colloidal particles, various crystalline lattices are induced from simple magnetic Janus spheres. In situ formation of dicolloids amplifies the diversity of achievable dynamic structures. The competition between shape anisotropy and dipole orientation generates mesoscopic isomerism. This opens design space for anisotropic building blocks for smart colloidal materials.
Blotting analysis of adhesive proteins: an evaluation of the technique using B16F 10 malignant melanoma cells (1988)

Conference Article| April 01 1988 Blotting analysis of adhesive proteins: an evaluation of the technique using B16F 10 malignant melanoma cells VALERIE FERRO; VALERIE FERRO 1Department of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of St. Andrews, Bute Medical Buildings, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CORRADO D'ARRIGO; CORRADO D'ARRIGO 1Department of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of St. Andrews, Bute Medical Buildings, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar DAVID OGDEN; DAVID OGDEN 1Department of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of St. Andrews, Bute Medical Buildings, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CLIVE W. EVANS CLIVE W. EVANS 1Department of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of St. Andrews, Bute Medical Buildings, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1988) 16 (2): 144–146. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0160144 Article history Received: October 20 1987 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation VALERIE FERRO, CORRADO D'ARRIGO, DAVID OGDEN, CLIVE W. EVANS; Blotting analysis of adhesive proteins: an evaluation of the technique using B16F 10 malignant melanoma cells. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1988; 16 (2): 144–146. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0160144 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: PAGE, polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, Fn, fibronectin, PBS, phosphate-buffered saline, CE, cell extract, BAE, bovine aortic endothelial, Lm, laminin, ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 2-Me, 2-mercaptoethanol, TGS, 25 mM-Tris/192 mm-glycine/1% (w/v) SDS electrophoresis buffer, TGM, 25 mm-Tris/192 mm-glycine/20% (v/v) methanol blotting buffer This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Biochemical Society1988 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Effects of Titanium Dioxide on the Weatherability of Thermoplastic Polymers (1980)

Titanium dioxide is used widely as an opacifying agent for paper, fibers, coatings, and plastics. Our data show that this white pigment functions as either a weathering stabilizer or sensitizer, depending on its concentration or treatment during manufacture and use. Lifetimes of oxidizable polymers, such as polypropylene and cellulose esters, can be reduced greatly by the presence of photoactive titanium dioxides; oxidation-resistant polymers, such as poly(tetramethylene terephthalate), are affected to a much lesser extent. The undesirable effects of titanium dioxides can be reduced greatly by the presence of certain additives. The large effects of temperature on the lifetimes of certain polymers indicate that considerable care must be exercised in the design of accelerated test methods.
Microstructural and microchemical characterization of hard coatings (1986)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J.‐E. Sundgren, A. Rockett, J. E. Greene, U. Helmersson; Microstructural and microchemical characterization of hard coatings. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 November 1986; 4 (6): 2770–2783. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.573678 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Dansyl-containing boronate hydrogel film as fluorescent chemosensor of copper ions in water (2012)

A new type of boronate hydrogel with covalently bound dansyldiethylenetriamine as an indicator has been developed; the gel networks are based on boronate esterification of poly(vinylalcohol) with benzene-1,4-diboronic acid. In this approach, phenylboronic acid-appended N-dansyldiethylenetriamine 1 was newly synthesized to be incorporated into the gel matrix. The resulting gel film showed an absorption band at 336 nm and fluorescence at 511 nm when excited at 340 nm in water. The fluorescence measurements indicated that at neutral conditions using a HEPES buffer, the gel film was selectively quenched after immersion in an aqueous solution of Cu2+ for 30 min. The response had minimal interference from other metal ions such as Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Al3+, and Pb2+, which was noteworthy because dansyldiethylenetriamine alone responds to Hg2+ and Ni2+ in addition to Cu2+ in water. The reversible sensing capability was also evaluated by rinsing the film with an aqueous solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The gel was found to be a reusable and free-standing film capable of visually detecting Cu2+, providing a simple and expedient tool for on-site monitoring of Cu2+ in environmental applications such as water analysis.
Structure–activity relationships of glucagon-like peptide-1(7–36)amide: insulinotropic activities in perfused rat pancreases, and receptor binding and cyclic AMP production in RINm5F cells (1994)

To examine the structure-activity relationships in the insulinotropic activity of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide (GLP-1(7-36)amide), we synthesized 16 analogues, including eight which were designed by amino acid substitutions at positions 10 (Alal0), 15 (Serl5), 16 (Try16), 17 (Arg17), 18 (Lys18), 21 (Gly21), 27 (Lys27) and 31 (Asp31) of GLP-1(7-36)amide with an amino acid of GH-releasing factor possessing only slight insulinotropic activity, and three tentative antagonists including [Glu15]-GLP-1(8-36)amide. Their insulinotropic activities were assessed by rat pancreas perfusion experiments, and binding affinity to GLP-1 receptors and stimulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) production were evaluated using cultured RINm5F cells. Insulinotropic activity was estimated as GLP-1(7-36)amide = Tyr16 > Lys18, Lys27 > Gly21 > Asp31 >> Ser15, Arg17 > Ala10 >> GRF > [Glu15]-GLP-1(8-36) amide. Displacement activity against 125I-labelled GLP-1(7-36)amide binding and stimulatory activity for cAMP production in RINm5F cells correlated well with their insulinotropic activity in perfused rat pancreases. These results demonstrate that (1) positions 10 (glycine), 15 (aspartic acid) and 17 (serine) in the amino acid sequence of GLP-1(7-36)amide, in addition to the N-terminal histidine, are essential for its insulinotropic activity through its binding to the receptor, (2) the amino acid sequences for the C-terminal half of GLP-1(7-36)amide also contribute to its binding to the receptor, although they are less important compared with those of the N-terminal half, and (3) [Glu15]-GLP-1(8-36)amide is not an antagonist of GLP-1(7-36)amide as opposed to des-His1 [Glu9]-glucagon amide which is a potent glucagon antagonist.
Permutation Entropy: New Ideas and Challenges (2017)

Over recent years, some new variants of Permutation entropy have been introduced and applied to EEG analysis, including a conditional variant and variants using some additional metric information or being based on entropies that are different from the Shannon entropy. In some situations, it is not completely clear what kind of information the new measures and their algorithmic implementations provide. We discuss the new developments and illustrate them for EEG data.
Automatic Recommendation for Online Users Using Web Usage Mining (2010)

A real world challenging task of the web master of an organization is to match the needs of user and keep their attention in their web site. So, only option is to capture the intuition of the user and provide them with the recommendation list. Most specifically, an online navigation behavior grows with each passing day, thus extracting information intelligently from it is a difficult issue. Web master should use web usage mining method to capture intuition. A WUM is designed to operate on web server logs which contain user's navigation. Hence, recommendation system using WUM can be used to forecast the navigation pattern of user and recommend those to user in a form of recommendation list. In this paper, we propose a two tier architecture for capturing users intuition in the form of recommendation list containing pages visited by user and pages visited by other user's having similar usage profile. The practical implementation of proposed architecture and algorithm shows that accuracy of user intuition capturing is improved.
Design of aircraft turbine fan drive gear transmission system (1970)

The following basic types of gear reduction concepts were studied as being feasible power train systems for a low-bypass-ratio, single-spool, geared turbofan engine for general aircraft use: (1) single-stage external-internal reduction, (2) gears (offset shafting), (3) multiple compound idler gear system (concentric shafting), and (4) star gear planetary system with internal ring gear final output member (concentric shafting-counterrotation). In addition, studies were made of taking the accessories drive power off both the high-speed and low-speed shafting, using either face gears or spiral bevel gears. Both antifriction and sleeve-type bearings were considered for the external-internal and star-planet reduction concepts.
<title>RTP for advanced CMOS process integration</title> (1992)

Twelve rapid thermal processes have been developed for over fifteen critical thermal fabrication steps in a sub-0.50 p.m CMOS technology. These processes include dielectric growth (dry and wet rapid thermal oxidations), thermal anneals (source/drain & gate anneals, CMOS well formation, TiN/TiSi2 react, and forming gas anneal), rapid thermal chemical-vapor deposition (amorphous silicon, polysilicon, tungsten, silicon dioxide, and silicon nitride), and in-situ dry cleaning. The pro­ cess temperature range of these rapid thermal processing fabrication steps extends between 400°C and 1100°C. Complete sub-0.50 p.m CMOS process integration has been successfully demonstrated in a single-wafer minifactory consisting of all-RTP/no-furnace thermal processing.
Creep Under Complex Stress Systems at High Temperatures (1952)

DURING the last few years a programme of creep tests under general stress systems at high temperatures has been carried out at the N.P.L., using four metallic alloys which were chosen as being representative of basic groups of materials used in practice in machinery operating at high temperatures. This work, it was hoped, would fulfil, at least partly, the great need for experimental data in this field, as opposed to the comparative abundance of theoretical work available, and also enable a critical examination of the merits of this theoretical work to be made. The materials chosen in order of examination were a cast 0–17 per cent carbon steel, an aluminium alloy (R.R. 59), a magnesium alloy (containing 2 per cent aluminium), and a nickel‐chromium alloy (Nimonic 75). Each material was tested at temperatures lying within the normal working range of the material in question. Thus the 0–17 per cent carbon steel was tested at 350, 450 and 550 dcg. C. (662, 842 and 1,022 deg. F.), the aluminium alloy at 150 and 200 deg. C. (302 and 392 dcg. F.), the magnesium alloy at 20 and 50 deg. C. (68 and 122 dcg. F.), and the nickel‐chromium alloy at 550 and 650 dcg. C. (1,022 and 1,202 deg. F.).
Skeletal muscle extraaortic counterpulsation. A true arterial counterpulsation. (1991)

Reduction of left ventricular work load during systole, a critical component of arterial counterpulsation, has not previously been documented for skeletal muscle-powered extraaortic counterpulsation. To assess its capacity for afterload reduction, a skeletal muscle extraaortic counterpulsator was connected to the thoracic aorta and counterpulsated. Canine hearts (n = 7) were instrumented with left ventricular Millar catheters (Millar Instruments, Inc., Houston, Tex.) for pressure measurements and with piezoelectric ultrasonic crystals for measurement of the left ventricular minor axis dimension and wall thickness. During systole, skeletal muscle extraaortic counterpulsation resulted in a significant change in all three determinants of left ventricular circumferential wall stress compared with control conditions (no counterpulsation). Pressure decreased (peak systole, 100 +/- 5 versus 75 +/- 6 mm Hg; p less than 0.05 by paired t test), minor axis dimension decreased (end systole, 46.4 +/- 1.1 versus 45.8 +/- 1.1 mm; p less than 0.05 by paired t test), and wall thickness increased (end systole, 10.4 +/- 0.7 versus 10.6 +/- 0.7 mm; p less than 0.05 by paired t test). Left ventricular wall stress/dimension work loops showed a shift downward and to the left, a shift consistent with afterload reduction. The mean systolic left ventricular wall stress was significantly reduced, from 67.3 +/- 10.6 to 47.7 +/- 8.1 10(3) dyne/cm2 (p less than 0.05 by paired t test). Skeletal muscle extraaortic counterpulsation increased the diastolic aortic pressure from 72 +/- 6 to 105 +/- 8 mm Hg (p less than 0.05 by paired t test). Our data, which documented the counterpulsator's direct effects on left ventricular functional mechanics, showed that skeletal muscle extraaortic counterpulsation is capable of both diastolic augmentation of arterial pressure and systolic unloading of the left ventricle. Skeletal muscle extraaortic counterpulsation has potential application for ventricular unloading in the treatment of chronic end-stage heart failure.
Activating the Growth of High Surface Area Alumina Using a Liquid Galinstan Alloy (2018)

The growth of high surface area alumina has been investigated with the use of a liquid Galinstan alloy [66.5% (wt %) Ga, 20.5% In and 13.0% Sn] as an activator for aluminum. In this process, the aluminum is slowly dissolved into the gallium-indium-tin alloy, which is then selectively oxidized at ambient temperature and pressure under a humid stream of flowing CO<sub>2</sub> or N<sub>2</sub> to yield amorphous alumina. This preparative route represents a simple and low toxicity approach to obtain amorphous high surface area alumina with very low water content. The as-synthesized high surface area alumina aerogel was a blue-colored solid owing to the Rayleigh scattering by its dendritic fibrous nanostructure consisting of mainly alumina with small amounts of water. Upon annealing at 850 °C, the amorphous product transformed into γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, as well as θ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> upon annealing at 1050 °C. Elemental analysis by energy-dispersive spectroscopy provides further evidence that the high surface area alumina is composed of only aluminum and oxygen. The surface area of the amorphous alumina varied from ∼79 to ∼140 m<sup>2</sup>/g, depending on the initial weight percentage of aluminum used in the alloy. A correlation between the initial concentration of aluminum in the alloy and the surface area of the alumina product was found to peak at ∼30% Al. These results suggest a novel route to the formation of amorphous alumina aerogel-type materials.
Fabrication of a miniature-size pyramidal-shape diamond field emitter array (1995)

A miniature-size pyramidal-shape diamond field emitter array has been fabricated using the mold technique. The tip radius of each pyramid was found to be less than 2000 /spl Aring/ from SEM observation and the fabricated array was identified as diamond from the results of AES and Raman spectroscopy. The array was placed in a high vacuum pumping system with the basic pressure of 10/sup -7/ Torr, and the emission property was measured using a Au ball anode with 100 μm in diameter. The distance between the anode and the array was set up to 100 μm throughout the measurements. As a result, the emission current of 1×10/sup -6/ A was observed at the applied voltage of 2400 V.
Charge Instability in Quadrupolar Chromophores:  Symmetry Breaking and Solvatochromism (2006)

We present a joint theoretical and experimental work aimed to understand the spectroscopic behavior of multipolar dyes of interest for nonlinear optics (NLO) applications. In particular, we focus on the occurrence of broken-symmetry states in quadrupolar organic dyes and their spectroscopic consequences. To gain a unified description, we have developed a model based on a few-state description of the charge-transfer processes characterizing the low-energy physics of these systems. The model takes into account the coupling between electrons and slow degrees of freedom, namely, molecular vibrations and polar solvation coordinates. We predict the occurrence of symmetry breaking in either the ground or first excited state. In this respect, quadrupolar chromophores are classified in three different classes, with distinctively different spectroscopic behavior. Cases of true and false symmetry breaking are discriminated and discussed by making resort to nonadiabatic calculations. The theoretical model is applied to three representative quadrupolar chromophores: their qualitatively different solvatochromic properties are connected to the presence or absence of broken-symmetry states and related to two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-sections. The proposed approach provides useful guidelines for the synthesis of dyes for TPA application and represents a general and unifying reference frame to understand energy-transfer processes in multipolar molecular systems, offering important clues to understand basic properties of materials of interest for NLO and energy-harvesting applications.