gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High accuracy remote temperature sensor based on BJT devices in 0.13-&#x03BC;m CMOS (2014)

This paper presents the design of a BJT-based remote temperature sensor to measure ambient temperature in different locations. The sensor chip supplies a calibrated current to the external devices, which are common off-the-shelf bipolar junction transistors - 2N3904 (NPN) and 2N3906 (PNP), and converts their base-emitter voltages to temperature using a 13-bit charge-balancing ΣΔ modulator. Dynamic element matching, correlated double sampling and system-level chopping techniques are deployed to reduce temperature errors due to non-ideal effects of CMOS readout circuitry. A prototype sensor has been fabricated using 0.13-μm CMOS process. Measurement results show that the temperature sensor inaccuracy is ±2 °C from -40 °C to 125 °C.
Octave-spanning supercontinuum generation in a silicon-rich nitride waveguide: erratum (2017)

We update the simulations presented in Opt. Lett.41, 2719 (2016)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.41.002719 using a corrected value for the material nonlinearity.
Techniques in microbiology : a student handbook (2007)

Unit I - Safety first! Safety in the microbiology laboratory Universal precautions Unit II - Culturing bacteria and aseptic techniques Preparing culture media Sterilization The autoclave Dry heat Aseptic transfer of bacteria Adjusting the gas burner Preparing bacterial cultures in broth tubes and on agar slants Transfer colony from plate to broth and to agar slant Isolation of bacteria Preparing a pour plate Preparing a streak plate Preparing a spread plate Characteristic features of bacterial growth in broth and on agar Maintenance and storage of stock cultures Culturing anaerobic bacteria Unit III - Visualizing bacteria Effective use and responsible care of the light microscope Measuring microscopic cells Preparing a hanging-drop slide Preparing a bacterial smear Preparing a simple stain Preparing a Gram stain Preparing an acid-fast stain Preparing a negative stain Preparing a capsule stain Preparing an endospore stain Unit IV - Enzyme-based tests for the identification of bacteria Hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes Starch hydrolysis Casein hydrolysis Gelatin hydrolysis Lipid hydrolysis (tributyrin and spirit blue agar) DNA hydrolysis Utilization of carbohydrates Fermentation of carbohydrates (Durham tube) Methyl red test (mixed fermentation) Voges-Proskauer test (butanediol fermentation) Citrate utilization Oxidation-fermentation (O-F) glucose test Degradation of amino acids Indole test H2-S production Phenylalanine deamination Decarboxylase test Respiration tests Catalase test Oxidase test Nitrate reduction Miscellaneous tests Triple sugar iron (TSI) test Urea hydrolysis Litmus milk reactions Motility assay Coagulase production Selective and/or differential media Blood agar Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar Mannitol-salt agar MacConkey agar Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) agar Unit V - Counting microbes Direct microscopic counting with the Petroff-Hausser chamber Preparing a standard plate count of bacteria Using Turbidemetry to estimate cell density Plaque assay for determining bacteriophage titer Unit VI - Measuring effectiveness of antibacterial chemicals Kirby-Bauer method for sensitivity of bacteria to antibacterial medicines Evaluating antibacterial chemicals: The disk-diffusion method
Allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 activates IDO1-dependent, immunoregulatory signaling in dendritic cells (2015)

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) possesses immune modulatory properties in vivo, such that a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the receptor confers protection on mice with relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (RR-EAE). ADX88178 is a newly-developed, one such mGluR4 modulator with high selectivity, potency, and optimized pharmacokinetics. Here we found that application of ADX88178 in the RR-EAE model system converted disease into a form of mild-yet chronic-neuroinflammation that remained stable for over two months after discontinuing drug treatment. In vitro, ADX88178 modulated the cytokine secretion profile of dendritic cells (DCs), increasing production of tolerogenic IL-10 and TGF-β. The in vitro effects required activation of a Gi-independent, alternative signaling pathway that involved phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), Src kinase, and the signaling activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). A PI3K inhibitor as well as small interfering RNA targeting Ido1-but not pertussis toxin, which affects Gi protein-dependent responses-abrogated the tolerogenic effects of ADX88178-conditioned DCs in vivo. Thus our data indicate that, in DCs, highly selective and potent mGluR4 PAMs such as ADX88178 may activate a Gi-independent, long-lived regulatory pathway that could be therapeutically exploited in chronic autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
A randomized phase II/III study of naptumomab estafenatox plus IFN-α versus IFN-α in advanced renal cell carcinoma. (2013)

3073 Background: Naptumomab estafenatox/ANYARA (Nap) is a fusion protein of an antibody (5T4) and a superantigen (SEA/E-120). After phase I studies (Borghaei. J Clin Oncol. 2009, 27:4116) a prospective, randomized phase II/III trial of Nap + IFN-α (A) vs IFN-α (I) was conducted. Methods: Patients (pts) with RCC were randomized in an open label study to receive A or I. The primary endpoint was OS. Secondary endpoints were PFS, response rate and safety. Baseline (bl) plasma IL-6 was predictive of pazopanib (Tran. Lancet Oncol. 2012, 13:827) and MVA-5T4 vaccine (Harrop. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2012, 61:2283) benefit in RCC pts. IL-6 and anti-SEA/E-120 antibodies (a-S) were analyzed. A subgroup SG1 had bl levels below median for IL-6 (<7 pg/ml) and a-S. Another subgroup SG2 had IL-6 below 13 pg/ml (Tran. Lancet Oncol. 2012, 13:827) and excluding upper quartile of a-S according to phase 1 levels (Borghaei. J Clin Oncol. 2009, 27:4116). Results: From 5/2007 to 10/2010 513 pts were treated (ITT) with a median follow-up time for censored pts of 43 months. Unexpectedly, pts in certain territories had increased bl a-S (median of 61 pmol/ml in Russia vs 34 in UK). The table summarizes efficacy results. The primary endpoint was not met. Multivariate analysis adjusted for risk scores and subsequent TKI usage verified Nap benefit in pts with low IL-6 and normal a-S. Nap was well tolerated. Pyrexia (A:46%/I:18%), nausea (21%/11%), back pain (18%/6%), vomiting (16%/7%) and chills (12%/4%) were more common after Nap. Conclusions: The study did not meet primary endpoint. In pts with low IL-6 and normal levels of a-S, addition of Nap to IFN-α improves OS and PFS. The results warrant further studies with Nap in sequence or combo with e.g. TKIs in this subgroup. More generally, as bl IL-6 appears to be prognostic and predictive of outcome on treatment with TKIs and immunotherapies this may be a stratification factor for RCC studies. Clinical trial information: NCT00420888. [Table: see text]
Applications of functional data analysis: A systematic review (2013)

Despite its clear benefits for analyzing time series data, full appreciation of the key features and value of FDA have been limited to date, though the applications show its relevance to many public health and biomedical problems. Wider application of FDA to all studies involving correlated measurements should allow better modeling of, and predictions from, such data in the future especially as FDA makes no a priori age and time effects assumptions.
Power Management for Real-Time Tasks in Wireless Networked Embedded Systems (2008)

Power management is a key issue in designing real-time applications on wireless embedded systems, which makes dynamic voltage scaling on processors become popular. Meanwhile, the communication power practice is also important in that wireless nodes often turn off their network interfaces in a sleep schedule to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we propose solutions to minimize network-wide energy consumption for real-time tasks with precedence constraints executing on wireless embedded systems. Our solutions take the radio sleep scheduling of wireless nodes into account when adjusting the execution modes of processors. The experiments show that our approach significantly reduces total energy consumption.
Mechanism of decrease in cardiac output caused by opening the chest (1964)

The cardiac output in ten dogs fell an average of 18.8% (±1.1 sem) when the chest was opened. Opening the chest, which increased the extracardiac pressure, shifted the cardiopulmonary-function curve (relating right atrial pressure to cardiac output) toward higher atrial pressure levels. This caused the cardiopulmonary curve to equate with the animal's systemic-function curve at a lower cardiac output; the greater the extracardiac pressure the lower the output. Thus, changes in extracardiac pressure can alter cardiac output even though the pumping ability of the heart is not altered.
Optimal Path Planning Simulator for Garbage Trucks (2006)

A quantity of dumped garbage has increase every year. Along with that, time and expense of garbage collection also increase. Some methods for improving the costs of the garbage collection are researched. But, these methods cannot adjust to real situation that changes hour by hour (ex. a traffic jam). For implementing the method for adjusting to the real situation, we implement the optimal path planning system. The system contains optimal path planning simulator for garbage trucks. The simulator can simulate the real situation of the traffic jam and the quantity of dumped garbage. The author reports user-interfaces and the simulation method of the optimal path planning simulator
Maintenance of pancreatic endocrine cells of the neonatal rat: VII. The effect of 3-amino-3-deoxyglucose on insulin secretion from perifused B cells. (1986)

Monolayer cultures of the pancreas of the neonatal rat were maintained in TCM 199 medium, supplemented with 5.5 mM glucose, with or without 5 mM 3-amino-3-deoxyglucose, and perifused to examine the changes which occurred in the insulin secretory response during culture. On day 0, B cells showed a monophasic insulin secretion in response to 16.7 mM glucose, whereas in the presence of 200 nM 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, 40 microM lysophosphatidylcholine, 10 microM forskolin or 1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, the same dose of glucose stimulated insulin secretion in a biphasic fashion. Under culture conditions without 3-amino-3-deoxyglucose, the response to glucose totally disappeared after 7 days, and that to 10 mM of either leucine or 2-ketoisocaproate was as low as that of day 0. In contrast, B cells that had been cultured for 7 days in medium with 3-amino-3-deoxyglucose showed an adult-like biphasic pattern in response to glucose. When stimulated by glucose at a linear gradient concentration running from 0 to 20 mM, the B cells responded to increasing concentrations of glucose in a dose-dependent fashion. Further, the response of cAMP to glucose was increased by adding forskolin or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, which also enhanced the secretion of insulin under either a step-wise or slow-rise stimulation with glucose. The effect of 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate was also outstanding. Likewise, the addition of either leucine or 2-keptoisocaproate induced a striking increase in the secondary phase secretion as well as promoting the rates of glutamine oxidation within the cells. In conclusion, it is suggested that the high response to a wider variety of stimuli may represent the reaction of neonatal B cells to the cultural milieu rather than a process of physiological development, and these effects exhibited by 3-amino-3-deoxyglucose would be related to a change in the constituents of glycoproteins in the cells.
Adenoviral-mediated wild-type p53 gene expression sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to ionizing radiation. (1996)

Wild-type p53 gene transfer into the SW620 colorectal carcinoma cell line was performed using the replication-defective adenovirus Ad5/CMV/p53 to evaluate the effect of wild-type p53 expression on radiation sensitivity. The results indicated that infection with Ad5/CMV/p53 sensitized the cells. The survival at 2 Gy was reduced from 55 to 23%. Flow cytometric analysis of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay-labeled cells and in situ TUNEL staining of xenograft tumors demonstrated an increase in labeled cells with combination treatment, indicating increased apoptosis in cells treated with Ad5/CMV/p53 before irradiation. A significant enhancement of tumor growth suppression by this combination strategy was observed in a s. c. tumor animal model compared to p53 gene therapy alone. The delay in regrowth to control tumor size of 1000 mm3 was 2 days for 5 Gy, 15 days for Ad5/CMV/p53, and 37 days for Ad5/CMV/p53 + 5 Gy, indicating synergistic interactions. These data indicate that the delivery of wild-type p53 to cells with p53 mutations increases their radiation sensitivity, and this may be accomplished by adenoviral-mediated gene therapy.
Claustrin, an antiadhesive neural keratan sulfate proteoglycan, is structurally related to MAP1B (1994)

Our laboratory has recently identified a keratan sulfate proteoglycan (KSPG), named claustrin, that inhibits neural cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth in the chick nervous system. Antisera prepared against claustrin were used to screen a cDNA expression library from embryonic day 9 chick brain. Initial characterization of positive cDNAs revealed a high degree of homology to the mouse MAP1B gene, although these cDNAs represent a 5' truncated fragment of MAP1B. Protein sequencing of three peptides derived from a tryptic digest of purified, keratanase-treated claustrin also revealed strong homology to MAP1B, and confirmed the authenticity of the 3.4 kb claustrin cDNA. To further determine the relationship between these two proteins, we used antibodies against MAP1B and KSPGs in immunoblotting and immunohistochemical studies. These studies demonstrated cross-reactivity between MAP1B and claustrin antibodies, and that monoclonal antibodies to cartilage keratan sulfate react with MAP1B in rat nervous tissue, and with claustrin in the chick nervous system. In addition, keratanase treatment of a taxol microtubule fraction from chick or rat brain eliminated MAP1B, as detected by immunoblotting with the MAP5 monoclonal antibody. These results suggest that MAP1B and claustrin are highly related, if not identical, proteins.
Effects of Hedysari Polysaccharides on Regeneration and Function Recovery Following Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats (2009)

It has been demonstrated that aqueous extract of Radix Hedysari Prescription and modified Radix Hedysari Prescription could improve the regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. Radix Hedysari is a main component in these two formulas. We hypothesized that Hedysari polysaccharides (HPS), a main active ingredient, could also enhance peripheral nerve regeneration after nerve injury in adult animals. In the present study, we examined the effects of HPS on sciatic nerve regeneration for 6 weeks following clamping in rats (administrated orally of 2 ml HPS liquid daily, 0.25 g/ml). The results showed that HPS was able to enhance sciatic function index (SFI) value, tibial function index (TFI) value, peroneal nerve function index (PFI) value, conduction velocity, and the number of regenerated myelinated nerve fibers, suggesting the potential clinical application of HPS for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in humans.
Methylene‐ and ether‐linked liquid crystal dimers II. Effects of mesogenic linking unit and terminal chain length (2005)

Four series of liquid crystal dimers have been prepared containing either ether‐linked or methylene‐linked spacers. Changing the spacer from being ether‐linked, i.e. O(CH2) n O, to methylene‐linked, i.e. (CH2) n +2, results in decreased nematic–isotropic transition temperatures, and this reduction is more pronounced for odd‐membered spacers. By contrast, the entropy change associated with the nematic–isotropic transition is higher for an even‐membered methylene‐linked dimer than for the corresponding ether‐linked material. This trend is reversed for odd members. These observations are completely in accord with the predictions of a theoretical model developed by Luckhurst and co‐workers in which the only difference between the dimers is their shape. For the highly non‐linear pentamethylene‐linked dimers, only those with a short terminal chain exhibited fluid smectic behaviour, specifically, a monotropic alternating SmC structure which allowed for the efficient packing of the bent molecules. Once the terminal chain reached a value of m = 9, a modulated ordered smectic phase was observed. For even‐membered dimers, which exhibit only nematic phases upon melting for short terminal chain lengths, smectic phase behaviour was promoted with increasing terminal chain length, as is conventionally observed. Even‐membered ether‐linked dimers exhibited a SmC phase whereas even‐membered methylene‐linked dimers exhibited an ordered smectic G/J phase. Thus, it would appear that the differences in the transitional properties of ether‐ and methylene‐linked dimers can be accounted for largely in terms of geometrical factors.
Designing Electronic Systems for EMC (2011)

This handbook outlines the factors that must be considered in designing circuits, equipment, and systems for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). It teaches circuit and system designers practical approaches to thwart the ever present culprit of electromagnetic interference (EMI). By emphasizing the fundamentals, it provides information that will help readers understand the rationale that forms the basis for many of the EMC practices and procedures. There is much information about these topics available in disparate forms (journal articles, symposia proceedings, etc.) but this book brings the critical knowledge into a single source for battling EMI. The goal of all device and system designs that must function in an electromagnetic environment (i.e. radio, TV, radar, navigation, and communications) is to operate without adversely affecting other electronic equipment or systems. The inverse is also true. The requirement for sharing spectrum has reached international levels of concern and it must be dealt with in proportion to the safety and economic impact involved, Designing Electronic Systems for EMC outlines how.
Pleiotropic effects of poxA regulatory mutations of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, mutations conferring sulfometuron methyl and alpha-ketobutyrate hypersensitivity (1987)

A transposon Tn10 insertion into the Salmonella typhimurium poxA gene was identified among a set of mutations conferring sulfometuron methyl (SM) hypersensitivity. This Tn10 insertion mapped to 95 min on the S. typhimurium chromosome, a location analogous to that of poxA in the Escherichia coli genome. Like the E. coli poxA mutant, this mutant had reduced pyruvate oxidase activity, reduced cross-reacting material to antiserum to purified E. coli pyruvate oxidase, and reduced growth rates. In addition, the following phenotypes were identified for the E. coli and S. typhimurium poxA mutants: hypersensitivity to SM and alpha-ketobutyrate (AKB), deficiency in AKB metabolism, reduced activity of acetolactate synthase, and hypersensitivity to a wide range of bacterial growth inhibitors, including antibiotics, amino acid analogs, and dyes. An E. coli mutant defective in poxB, the structural gene encoding pyruvate oxidase, did not have these phenotypes; therefore, they are not solely a consequence of a pyruvate oxidase deficiency. Comparisons were made with mutant alleles of two other genes that are located near poxA and confer related phenotypes. The S. typhimurium poxA mutant differed both genetically and phenotypically from an miaA mutant. E. coli abs mutants had somewhat reduced pyruvate oxidase activity but had normal AKB metabolism. The relationship of the pleiotropic phenotypes of the poxA mutants to their SM hypersensitivity is discussed.
Neuroblastoma: biology and therapy. (1997)

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, accounting for 15% of cancer-related deaths. These tumors have a predilection for young children; 60% of cases occur before age 2 years and 97% before age 10. Neuroblastomas derive from embryonic neural crest cells of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. The behavior of this malignancy is characterized by marked clinical heterogeneity, ranging from spontaneous maturation in some patients to inexorable rapid metastatic progression in others. This article will discuss some of the molecular and biological features of neuroblastoma that are associated with these differences in behavior, and how these features have been used to develop a risk-based approach to therapy.
Derivatives of Dibenzothiophene for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (2013)

A new series of derivatives of 3-(1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-4-yl)dibenzo[b,d]thiophene 5,5-dioxide with high binding affinities and selectivity for α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) (Ki = 0.4-20 nM) has been synthesized for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of α7-nAChRs. Two radiolabeled members of the series [(18)F]7a (Ki = 0.4 nM) and [(18)F]7c (Ki = 1.3 nM) were synthesized. [(18)F]7a and [(18)F]7c readily entered the mouse brain and specifically labeled α7-nAChRs. The α7-nAChR selective ligand 1 (SSR180711) blocked the binding of [(18)F]7a in the mouse brain in a dose-dependent manner. The mouse blocking studies with non-α7-nAChR central nervous system drugs demonstrated that [(18)F]7a is highly α7-nAChR selective. In agreement with its binding affinity the binding potential of [(18)F]7a (BPND = 5.3-8.0) in control mice is superior to previous α7-nAChR PET radioligands. Thus, [(18)F]7a displays excellent imaging properties in mice and has been chosen for further evaluation as a potential PET radioligand for imaging of α7-nAChR in non-human primates.
[Effect of cyclosporine on the lymphoid organs of CBA mice]. (1991)

The influence of cyclosporine which is an immunodepressant on morphology of the lymphoid organs was studied on CBA mice. The immunodepressant was administered intramuscularly in a single LD50 and in a dose of 7 mg/kg for the treatment course of 21 days. The examinations were performed in various periods within 28 days after discontinuation of the drug use. It was shown that cyclosporine induced cell depletion in the thymus cortical and medullar zones, inhibition of lymphocyte mitotic activity, alteration of the Hassall corpuscles and impairment of their formation. It also induced devastation of the thymus-dependent zones in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. When cyclosporine was used in the course doses the morphological changes in all the lymphoid organs were more marked. The morphological changes were reversible.
Efficient nonce-based authentication scheme for Session Initiation Protocol (2009)

In recent years, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is more and more popular. However, there are many security problems in the Session Initiation Protocol. In 2005, Yang et al. [9] proposed a secure authentication scheme for Session Initiation Protocol. This authentication scheme is based on Diffe-Hellman [2] concept, so the computation cost of this authentication scheme is very high. In order to improve this shortcoming, Durlanik et al. [3] also proposed an authentication Scheme using ECDH in 2005. However, the computation cost of this authentication scheme is still very high. In this paper, we propose an efficient nonce-based authentication scheme. The computation cost of this authentication scheme is lower than Yang et al. s authentication scheme and Durlanik et al.s authentication scheme, and it is very suitable for low computation power equipment.