gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New photolysis system for NO<sub>2</sub> measurements in the lower stratosphere (1994)

A new system for NO 2 detection has been developed for use on the NASA ER‐2 aircraft. The system converts NO 2 to NO using UV photolysis with the NO product subsequently detected with an on‐board chemiluminescence detector. The new system is compact, light weight, has high time resolution (∼1 s), and is significantly more efficient then some previous designs. Details of the system design and airborne performance are discussed.
Polyphenol oxidase in<i>Azospirillum lipoferum</i>isolated from rice rhizosphere: Evidence for laccase activity in non-motile strains of<i>Azospirillum lipoferum</i> (1993)

In non-motile forms of Azospirillum lipoferum isolated from the rhizosphere of rice, polyphenol oxidase activity was observed which correlated with production of a dark-brown pigment. Using a combination of substrate/inhibitor specificity tests, intracellular enzyme extracts of non-motile strains were clearly demonstrated to have a laccase activity by oxidising various o- and p-diphenols. This work is the first report on laccase activity in Azospirillum.
The invasion‐associated type III system of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> directs the translocation of Sip proteins into the host cell (1997)

The ability of Salmonella typhimurium to interact with host cells is largely dependent on the function of a type III protein-secretion system encoded at centisome 63 of its chromosome. We have shown here that two targets of this protein-secretion system, SipB and SipC, are translocated into cultured intestinal Henle-407 cells. Translocation required the function of the type III secretion apparatus, as an S. typhimurium strain carrying a mutation in invA, which encodes an essential component of this system, failed to translocate the Sip proteins. Null mutations in the genes encoding SipB, SipC or SipD, prevented protein translocation, indicating that these proteins are involved in the translocation process. In contrast, mutations in sipA and sptP, which also encode secreted proteins, did not interfere with the translocation of SipC, indicating that only a subset of targets of the type III secretion system act as translocases. Externally or internally localized bacteria could direct protein translocation into Henle-407 cells as this process occurred in the presence of cytochalasin D at a concentration that prevented bacterial entry, or in the presence of gentamicin added shortly after bacterial internalization at a concentration that killed extracellular Salmonella. These results indicate that protein translocation into host cells may be a universal function of all type III secretion systems.
IsoQuant: A Software Tool for Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture-Based Mass Spectrometry Quantitation (2012)

Accurate protein identification and quantitation are critical when interpreting the biological relevance of large-scale shotgun proteomics data sets. Although significant technical advances in peptide and protein identification have been made, accurate quantitation of high-throughput data sets remains a key challenge in mass spectrometry data analysis and is a labor intensive process for many proteomics laboratories. Here, we report a new SILAC-based proteomics quantitation software tool, named IsoQuant, which is used to process high mass accuracy mass spectrometry data. IsoQuant offers a convenient quantitation framework to calculate peptide/protein relative abundance ratios. At the same time, it also includes a visualization platform that permits users to validate the quality of SILAC peptide and protein ratios. The program is written in the C# programming language under the Microsoft .NET framework version 4.0 and has been tested to be compatible with both 32-bit and 64-bit Windows 7. It is freely available to noncommercial users at http://www.proteomeumb.org/MZw.html.
Hashed and hierarchical timing wheels: efficient data structures for implementing a timer facility (1997)

The performance of timer algorithms is crucial to many network protocol implementations that use timers for failure recovery and rate control. Conventional algorithms to implement an operating system timer module take O(n) time to start or maintain a timer, where n is the number of outstanding timers: this is expensive for large n. This paper shows that by using a circular buffer or timing wheel, it takes O(1) time to start, stop, and maintain timers within the range of the wheel. Two extensions for larger values of the interval are described. In the first, the timer interval is hashed into a slot on the timing wheel. In the second, a hierarchy of timing wheels with different granularities is used to span a greater range of intervals. The performance of these two schemes and various implementation tradeoffs are discussed. We have used one of our schemes to replace the current BSD UNIX callout and timer facilities. Our new implementation can support thousands of outstanding timers without much overhead. Our timer schemes have also been implemented in other operating systems and network protocol packages.
Effects of L‐Carnitine Infusion on Intralipid Clearance and Utilization. Study Carried out in Septic Patients of an Intensive Care Unit (1988)

Endogenous and exogenous supplies of carnitine are decreased in septic patients under total parenteral nutrition, while carnitine urinary elimination is increased. But the increase of lipid role in the energetic cover requires a greater intervening role of tissue carnitine. So one may hope that in septic patients additional supply of L-carnitine would increase the catabolism of infused lipids. Twenty-eight septic patients, admitted in an intensive care unit were given parenteral nutrition (200 g of glucose, 12.5 g of N/24 hr). On the day of the study, 250 ml of Intralipid 20% (Kabi Vitrum) were administered in 4 hr. During the same period 13 patients were infused with 2 g of L-carnitine (Sigma-Tau). The remaining 15 patients constituted the control group. Basic plasma levels of triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, free glycerol, phospholipids, and ketone bodies remained within physiological limits. They increased during the lipid infusion and returned to initial values, 4 hr after the end of the infusion. Free and total carnitine levels and free/total carnitine ratio were comparable to healthy subjects' reference values. These parameters increased during L-carnitine infusion. This infusion had no effect on exogenous lipid clearance. However, it seemed to increase the uptake and the hepatic oxidation of circulating fatty acids. It invalidated the increase of lactate and pyruvate that had been noticed when lipids were solely infused.
Communication system for industrial automation (2002)

The authors main concern is to efficiently integrate video and audio devices alongside robots, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), numerical control (NC), manufacturing computers and process control systems. They present an experimental platform that implements their manufacturing communication system. This platform has been developed in the laboratory for the support of high bandwidth and real-time distributed applications. In this paper, they have chosen two challenging communication protocols to define their communication system. These protocols are the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and the manufacturing message specification (MMS) application layer protocols. They give the specification of an MMS-ATM communication system that guarantees high quality of services for real-time multimedia applications. This guarantees results from an ATM intelligent communication board and a reduced OSI stack.
Neurochemical studies with the potential antipsychotic compound trans-5-Chloro-2-methyl-2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydro-1H- dibenz[2,3:6,7]oxepino[4,5-c]pyrrolidine maleate. (1990)

trans-5-Chloro-2-methyl-2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydro-1H-dibenz [2,3:6,7]oxepino[4,5-c]pyrrolidine maleate (Org 5222) has dopamine D2 antagonistic and negligible anticholinergic properties of the classical neuroleptic haloperidol. In addition it combines the strong antiserotonergic and antihistaminergic properties of chlorpromazine and clozapine with the potent dopamine D-1 antagonistic properties of Sch 23390 (R-(+)-delta-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5- phenyl-1H-3-benazepin-7-ol(Z)-2-buteneoate). This in conjunction to its behavioural properties, warrants clinical testing in psychotic patients.
DNA methylome profiling of human tissues identifies global and tissue-specific methylation patterns (2014)

This genome-wide methylation profiling study identified tissue-specific differentially methylated regions in 17 human somatic tissues. Many of the genes corresponding to these differentially methylated regions contribute to tissue-specific functions. Future studies may use these data as a reference to identify markers of perturbed differentiation and disease-related pathogenic mechanisms.
An experimental hardware prototype for fixed wireless broadband access at 60-400 Mbit/sec in 4.6 MHz (2002)

While the race for a ubiquitous, reliable and cost effective wireless broadband system has generated intense competition, the fundamental problem afflicting the wireless industry is the cost of the transceiver hardware. We describe and discuss the results of some experimental outdoor field trials which demonstrate - for the first time - the hardware feasibility of fixed broadband wireless radio links with spectral efficiencies in excess of 50 bit/s/Hz in severe multipath frequency selective environments (non line-of-sight). Custom cost-effective hardware has allowed data transmission in the range 60-200 Mbit/s occupying a bandwidth of 2-4/5 MHz at MMDS frequencies (/spl sime/2.5 GHz). We also introduce a new modeling methodology inspired by basic theoretical physics which gives a different and practical perspective to the spatio-temporal transmission problem. We exploit the idea that extra-dimensionality can be created by properly sampling the wavefield space created by multipath propagation. Previously reported hardware experiments using the same concept have addressed the simpler problem of indoor communications in a 30 kHz cellular channel. The developed technology has the potential of making practical and cost effective the deployment of high capacity microwave data communications equipment for point to point and point to multipoint systems.
Efficient and simple quantification of stratum corneum proteins on tape strippings by infrared densitometry (2007)

Infrared densitometry is an easy to use and non-destructive technique for the convenient measurement of the optical absorption of SC tape strippings which was shown to be linearly proportional to their protein content. Thus the corresponding SC densitometric-protein content calibration curves can be used for a fast indirect protein evaluation of tape strippings. As this is a non-destructive method, the unmodified tapes can be used for further investigations.
Improvement in the performance of on-load tap changer transformers operating in series (2004)

Transmission and distribution systems naturally operate at multiple voltage levels. The transformers connecting these levels often require on-load tap changers to regulate the voltage and maintain it within statutory limits. Conventional time grading is used between tap changer control relays when transformers are operating in series. This ensures that downstream tap changers react more slowly to voltage deviations than upstream tap changers and prevents hunting between them. This defines a fixed duty of responsibility to each tap changer. In order to improve the quality of supply it is supposed that the duty of responsibility should not be fixed and should adapt to loading conditions. The proposed system monitors both the transformer secondary voltage and the current to determine the voltage drop that would exist between consecutive transformers. The paper demonstrates that this information can be used to bias the operation of the tap changer controllers and hence improve series performance. Communications are not required between different voltage levels and therefore there is no reduction in security and extendibility of the system.
Targeted Deletion of Hepatic <i>Igf1</i> in TRAMP Mice Leads to Dramatic Alterations in the Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis but Does Not Reduce Tumor Progression (2008)

The role of systemic and local insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the development of prostate cancer is still controversial. Transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice express the SV40 T-antigen under the control of the probasin promoter, and spontaneously develop prostate cancer. We crossed TRAMP mice with liver IGF-deficient (LID) mice to produce LID-TRAMP mice, a mouse model of prostate cancer with low serum IGF-I, to allow us to study the effect of circulatory IGF-I levels on the development of prostate cancer. LID mice have a targeted deletion of the hepatic Igf1 gene but retain normal expression of Igf1 in extrahepatic tissues. Serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in LID and LID-TRAMP mice were measured using novel assays, which showed that they are approximately 10% and 60% of control L/L- mice, respectively. Serum growth hormone (GH) levels of LID-TRAMP mice were 3.5-fold elevated relative to L/L-TRAMP mice (P < 0.001), but IGFBP-2 levels were not different. Surprisingly, rates of survival, metastasis, and the ratio of genitourinary tissue weight to body weight were not significantly different between LID-TRAMP and L/L-TRAMP mice. There was also no difference in the pathologic stage of the prostate cancer between the two groups at 9 to 19 weeks of age. LID-TRAMP tumors displayed increased levels of GH receptors and increased Akt phosphorylation. These results are in striking contrast with the published model of the GH-deficient lit/lit-TRAMP, which has smaller tumors and improved survival, and indicate that the reduction in systemic IGF-I is not sufficient to inhibit prostate cancer tumor progression in the TRAMP model, which may require a reduction of GH levels as well.
Cannabinoid derivatives exert a potent anti-myeloma activity both<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i> (2016)

Although hematopoietic and immune system show high levels of the cannabinoid receptor CB2, the potential effect of cannabinoids on hematologic malignancies has been poorly determined. Here we have investigated their anti-tumor effect in multiple myeloma (MM). We demonstrate that cannabinoids induce a selective apoptosis in MM cell lines and in primary plasma cells of MM patients, while sparing normal cells from healthy donors, including hematopoietic stem cells. This effect was mediated by caspase activation, mainly caspase-2, and was partially prevented by a pan-caspase inhibitor. Their pro-apoptotic effect was correlated with an increased expression of Bax and Bak, a decrease of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, a biphasic response of Akt/PKB and an increase in the levels of ceramide in MM cells. Inhibition of ceramide synthesis partially prevented apoptosis, indicating that these sphingolipids play a key role in the pro-apoptotic effect of cannabinoids in MM cells. Remarkably, blockage of the CB2 receptor also inhibited cannabinoid-induced apoptosis. Cannabinoid derivative WIN-55 enhanced the anti-myeloma activity of dexamethasone and melphalan overcoming resistance to melphalan in vitro. Finally, administration of cannabinoid WIN-55 to plasmacytoma-bearing mice significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Together, our data suggest that cannabinoids may be considered as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of MM.
Cementless Two-staged Total Hip Arthroplasty for Deep Periprosthetic Infection (2005)

Therapeutic study, Level IV-1 (case series). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The effect of ketone bodies and dietary carbohydrate intake on protein metabolism. (1981)

To evaluate the effect ketone bodies on protein metabolism beta-hydroxybutyrate was infused into healthy nonobese and obese subjects and insulin dependent diabetics in the postabsorptive state and into obese subjects after 3 days and 3-10 wks of starvation. In association with blood ketone increments of 1-2 mM, plasma alanine fell by 25-35% in all treatment groups. Furthermore, the hypoalaninemic effect of beta-hydroxybutyrate was equally demonstrable in fasted subjects, in whom alanine was already reduced. In association with repeated 12 hr infusions of beta-hydroxybutyrate in subjects fasted 5-10 wks, urinary nitrogen fell by 30%, returning to baseline after cessation of the infusions and paralleling the changes in plasma alanine. When endogenous ketonemia was produced by isocaloric carbohydrate restriction (less than 25 gm/day), protein ingestion was associated with a 40-50% greater increase in plasma branched chain amino acids as well as a reduced rise in plasma insulin. The enhanced rise in branched chain amino acids was attributable to decreased net utilization since intravenous leucine also produced a 40% greater elevation in plasma leucine after carbohydrate restriction. When nitrogen balance was compared during hypocaloric (400 Kcal) feeding of a pure protein diet and a mixed diet containing 50% protein and 50% carbohydrate, no significant differences were observed. Isocaloric replacement with carbohydrate failed to accentuate nitrogen wasting, despite a marked lowering of blood and urinary ketones. Our findings support the possibility that ketone bodies contribute to the reduction in proteolysis and decrease in muscle alanine release which characterizes prolonged starvation. However, when endogenous hyperketonemia is induced by carbohydrate restriction, plasma insulin declines and the disposal of ingested protein is impaired. Furthermore, the addition of carbohydrate during hypocaloric feeding reduces hyperketonemia, but does not enhance negative nitrogen balance. These observations suggest that dietary carbohydrate and insulin also promote nitrogen retention and that ketogenic, high protein diets do not confer a unique protein sparing advantage.
Intensification of a raltegravir-based regimen with maraviroc in early HIV-1 infection (2013)

Addition of maraviroc in early integrase inhibitor-based treatment of HIV-1 infection results in faster reduction of 2-LTR newly infected cells and recovery of CD4 T-cell counts, and a modest reduction in total reservoir size after 48 weeks of treatment. Paradoxically, CCR5 blockade also induced a slower decrease in plasma viremia and immune activation.
Molecular evolution of swine vesicular disease virus. (1999)

Phylogenetic analysis was used to examine the evolutionary relationships within a group of coxsackie B viruses that contained representatives of the major serotypes of this group and 45 isolates of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) from Asia and Europe. Separate analyses of sequence data from two regions of the viral genomes encoding the VP1 and 3BC genes both revealed that the SVDV belonged to a single monophyletic group which could be clearly distinguished from all other sampled coxsackieviruses. Regression analysis revealed that within the SVDV clade at least 80% of the synonymous variation in evolutionary divergence between isolates was explained by time, indicating the existence of an approximate molecular clock. Calibration of this clock according to synonymous substitutions per year indicated the date of occurrence of a common ancestor for the SVDV clade to be between 1945 and 1965.
Optical sol-gel coatings : ellipsometry of film formation (1988)

A method was developed to image an area of a drying, steady-state film during dip-coating using ellipsometry, thereby obtaining the film's thickness and refractive index as a function of position. Measurements on TiO 2 and SiO2 alcohol-based sols indicate that the film approaches a volume fraction Φ ∼ 0.2 in the wet state and suggests that the film resists densifying further for kinetic reasons. In dense films, as the final drying front passes, the film undergoes a rapid collapse owing to capillary forces ; porous films formed from relatively large SiO2 aggregates appear to collapse more slowly in the final stage due to smaller capillary forces. The thickness profiles are consistent with thinning by a combination of evaporation and gravitational draining.
Preparation of the UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability-Tea Plant [Camellia sinensis （L.） O. Kuntze] (2008)

测试的不同，一致性和稳定性(DUS ) 是植物变化保护(PVP ) 和植物 Breeder 的权利(PBR ) 的赞同的科学基础的技术的底。DUS 测试指南是不仅技术手册让 DUS 严峻的当局进行测试，而且技术标准让能干的当局检验植物的新变化的 DUS。茶，从云南省发源，中国，是在世界上的很重要的木质的现金种。为为茶的植物(UPOV ) DUS 测试指南的新变化的保护的国际联合是中国为 UPOV 作好准备的第一个测试指南。在特征的这篇文章，这个题目，选择，和决心，特征的表示和例子变化的选择说，对为茶的 UPOV DUS 测试指南的评价详细被阐明。最后，为在中国的茶的 PVP 的建议也被建议。为茶的 UPOV DUS 测试指南的准备将为支持 PVP 的开发并且为中国增加国际 PVP 域的地位两个都有重要意义。
Space-Time Encoding (2001)

It is widely believed that one signal can carry maximum one bit of information, and minimum KTlog2 energy is required to transmit or to erase a bit. Here it is shown four bits of information can be transmitted by one signal in four dimensional space-time. It implies space-time cannot be ignored to determine the minimal energy cost of information processing.
Allocation and scheduling of relief materials based on GIS (2011)

The losses caused by natural disasters are increasing, especially in 21st century, the security and the losses increased. Responding natural disasters and reducing losses become an urgent task which facing all of humanity. The paper will propose an allocation method of relief materials for pre-disasters and a shortest-time and potential-considered scheduling model for post-disasters. The allocation method for relief materials considers service areas of the storehouse along roads and risk level of natural disasters. The scheduling model combines the basics of operation research and shortest path based on GIS. The methods based on GIS can directly show the distribution and the routes for scheduling. Then the paper will make an example against the backup of Wenchuan earthquake according to the current problems in order to relief the losses.
Balanced Feed-Back Amplifiers (1938)

The following paper describes and analyzes mathematically a new principle in amplifier design. It is shown how noise, phase shift, frequency distortion, etc., can be largely eliminated by use of the "balanced feed-back principle" without reduction of the over-all gain of the amplifier. By means of balanced feedback the linear range of an amplifier using ordinary receiving-type tubes has been extended from an upper limit of 600,000 up to 2,500,000 cycles. Theoretical and experimental results were found to check closely.