gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arm Pain in the Workplace (1992)

In the mid-1980s, use-related arm pain was recognized as a major issue for worker health and workplace safety. National policy targeted these "cumulative trauma disorders," "overuse syndromes," and "motion illnesses" for a "special emphasis program" by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, a federal regulatory agency. The program begins with case recognition to identify the responsible ergonomic hazards with the goal of mandating ergonomic remedies. This report is a small area analysis of the impact of this process on the US West Communications, Inc work force. US West employs some 55,000 workers in 14 states. Commencing in the mid-1980s, workers in four of these states complained of upper extremity pain and were diagnosed as suffering from conditions encompassed by the "cumulative trauma disorders" rubric. The incidence was tenfold higher in one task category, directory assistance operators. No ergonomic descriptor can account for the four endemics of arm pain in directory assistance operators. The response of the medical communities to the plight of these injured claimants varied considerably from community to community. Denver represents one extreme where the clinical judgments led to multiple surgical interventions, generated a total direct cost of some $1.5 million, and left many permanently disabled workers in their wake. This analysis raises many reservations about the validity of the "cumulative trauma disorder" hypothesis and provides an object lesson in the potential for untoward outcomes from the premature introduction of clinical hypotheses into the arena of health policy.
Impact of physiological variables and genetic background on myocardial frequency-resistivity relations in the intact beating murine heart (2006)

Conductance measurements for generation of an instantaneous left ventricular (LV) volume signal in the mouse are limited, because the volume signal is a combination of blood and LV muscle, and only the blood signal is desired. We have developed a conductance system that operates at two simultaneous frequencies to identify and remove the myocardial contribution to the instantaneous volume signal. This system is based on the observation that myocardial resistivity varies with frequency, whereas blood resistivity does not. For calculation of LV blood volume with the dual-frequency conductance system in mice, in vivo murine myocardial resistivity was measured and combined with an analytic approach. The goals of the present study were to identify and minimize the sources of error in the measurement of myocardial resistivity to enhance the accuracy of the dual-frequency conductance system. We extended these findings to a gene-altered mouse model to determine the impact of measured myocardial resistivity on the calculation of LV pressure-volume relations. We examined the impact of temperature, timing of the measurement during the cardiac cycle, breeding strain, anisotropy, and intrameasurement and interanimal variability on the measurement of intact murine myocardial resistivity. Applying this knowledge to diabetic and nondiabetic 11- and 20- to 24-wk-old mice, we demonstrated differences in myocardial resistivity at low frequencies, enhancement of LV systolic function at 11 wk and LV dilation at 20-24 wk, and histological and electron-microscopic studies demonstrating greater glycogen deposition in the diabetic mice. This study demonstrated the accurate technique of measuring myocardial resistivity and its impact on the determination of LV pressure-volume relations in gene-altered mice.
Effect of age and pregnancy on the antibody and cell-mediated immune responses of horses to equine herpesvirus 1. (1977)

The cell-mediated immune response and antibody response of horses of varying ages and of pregnant horses to equine herpesvirus 1 antigen were examined. Six to eight month old horses showed either no increase or slight increases in anti-equine herpesvirus 1 serum neutralizing antibody following vaccination and revaccination with a modified live equine herpesvirus 1 vaccine. However, these same horses showed a marked increase in the cell-mediated immune response to equine herpesvirus 1 as measured by the lymphocyte transformation test. Eighteen to 21 month old horses showed four to 64-fold increases in anti-equine herpesvirus 1 serum neutralizing antibody titer following vaccination, but the cell-mediated immune response to equine herpesvirus 1 was low or absent. Only after revaccination did they show an increased cell-mediated immune response to equine herpesvirus 1. The cell-mediated immune response of mares in the latter stages of pregnancy to equine herpesivurs 1 was suppressed although antibody titers increased as much as 16-fold following exposure to virulent equine herpesvirus 1.
Photosensitized oxygenations and the role of singlet oxygen (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotosensitized oxygenations and the role of singlet oxygenChristopher S. FooteCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1968, 1, 4, 104–110Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50004a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50004a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3011Altmetric-Citations645LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Decreased Alveolar Macrophage Apoptosis Is Associated with Increased Pulmonary Inflammation in a Murine Model of Pneumococcal Pneumonia (2006)

Regulation of the inflammatory infiltrate is critical to the successful outcome of pneumonia. Alveolar macrophage apoptosis is a feature of pneumococcal infection and aids disease resolution. The host benefits of macrophage apoptosis during the innate response to bacterial infection are incompletely defined. Because NO is required for optimal macrophage apoptosis during pneumococcal infection, we have explored the role of macrophage apoptosis in regulating inflammatory responses during pneumococcal pneumonia, using inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-deficient mice. iNOS(-/-) mice demonstrated decreased numbers of apoptotic macrophages as compared with wild-type C57BL/6 mice following pneumococcal challenge, greater recruitment of neutrophils to the lung and enhanced expression of TNF-alpha. Pharmacologic inhibition of iNOS produced similar results. Greater pulmonary inflammation was associated with greater levels of early bacteremia, IL-6 production, lung inflammation, and mortality within the first 48 h in iNOS(-/-) mice. Labeled apoptotic alveolar macrophages were phagocytosed by resident macrophages in the lung and intratracheal instillation of exogenous apoptotic macrophages decreased neutrophil recruitment in iNOS(-/-) mice and decreased TNF-alpha mRNA in lungs and protein in bronchial alveolar lavage, as well as chemokines and cytokines including IL-6. These changes were associated with a lower probability of mice becoming bacteremic. This demonstrates the potential of apoptotic macrophages to down-regulate the inflammatory response and for the first time in vivo demonstrates that clearance of apoptotic macrophages decreases neutrophil recruitment and invasive bacterial disease during pneumonia.
Tumor stem cells: A new approach for tumor therapy (Review) (2012)

Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of a minority of tumor cells possessing the stem cell properties of self-renewal and differentiation in leukemia and several solid tumors. However, these cells do not possess the normal regulatory mechanisms of stem cells. Following transplantation, they are capable of initiating tumorigenesis and are therefore known as 'tumor stem cells'. Cellular origin analysis of tumor stem cells has resulted in three hypotheses: Embryonal rest hypothesis, anaplasia and maturation arrest. Several signaling pathways which are involved in carcinogenesis, including Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Oct-4 signaling pathways are crucial in normal stem cell self-renewal decisions, suggesting that breakdown in the regulation of self-renewal may be a key event in the development of tumors. Thus, tumors can be regarded as an abnormal organ in which stem cells have escaped from the normal constraints on self-renewal, thus, leading to abnormally differentiated tumor cells that lose the ability to form tumors. This new model for maligancies has significance for clinical research and treatment.
Echo-planar functional MR imaging of epilepsy with concurrent EEG monitoring. (2000)

fMR studies can often reveal sites of increased BOLD signal that correspond to sites of interictal EEG discharge activity. Because of variable intensity changes associated with discharge activity, ISA resulted in increased sensitivity.
Wall motion recovery in dobutamine stress magnetic resonance imaging (2011)

To correlate the persistence of new or worsening induced wall motion abnormalities in dobutamine stress magnetic resonance imaging (DSMR) and the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) in invasive coronary angiography.
Targeting of Human Dendritic Cells by Autologous NK Cells (1999)

NK cells have the capacity to spontaneously kill tumor cell lines, in particular cell lines of hemopoietic origin. In contrast, they do not generally kill nontransformed autologous cells. However, here we demonstrate that short-term activated polyclonal human NK cells, as well as human NK cell lines, efficiently lyse autologous dendritic cells (DC) derived from peripheral blood monocytes as well as Langerhans-like cells derived from CD34+ stem cells isolated from umbilical cord blood. Lysis of autologous DC by short-term activated NK cells and NK cell lines was dependent on granule exocytosis, since total abrogation of lysis was observed in the presence of EGTA. Induction of DC maturation by LPS, monocyte conditioned media (MCM), or stimulation through CD40 ligand (CD40L) rendered the DC less susceptible to lysis by NK cells. Infection of DC with influenza virus was likewise associated with a reduced susceptibility to lysis by NK cells. Thus, susceptibility to lysis by autologous NK cells is a particular property of immature DC. The present results are discussed in relation to the ability of DC to interact with NK cells and to the ability of NK cells to regulate development of specific immunity.
Effect of Chemical Composition on Adhesion of Directly Electrodeposited Copper Film on TiN (2006)

Copper citrate (Cu-Cit) baths are effective mediums for seedless electrochemical deposition (ECD) of copper with strong adhesion property on TiN. The chemical equilibrium diagrams of chemical fraction vs pH were used to explain the cause of good adhesion of copper deposits on TiN. The kind and the amount of Cu-Cit complexes in a bath were determined according to pH and the concentration ratio of copper and citrate, . It was found that among various Cu-Cit complexes participated in adherent copper reduction on TiN. When more than was contained in a bath, the reduction of was hindered and the adhesion property of copper on TiN became degraded. Resultant ECD copper films on TiN, which were deposited in baths of in the existence of passed the ASTM D 3359 adhesion test showing strong adhesion.
The glucuronidation of opioids, other xenobiotics, and androgens by human UGT2B7Y(268) and UGT2B7H(268). (1998)

UGT2B7 has been cloned and expressed previously in COS cells and HK293 cells. Two forms have been identified: one with a tyrosine and one with a histidine at position 268. UGT2B7 has been shown to catalyze NSAIDs, catechol estrogens, and morphine-3- and -6-glucuronidation. cDNAs for UGT2B7Y268 and H268 were cloned and stably expressed in HK 293 cells. Studies were designed to test each form for reactivity toward a number of opioid compounds, xenobiotics such as menthol, oxazepam, and propranolol, and androgens such as androsterone and testosterone using membrane preparations derived from HK 293 cells. Both UGT2B7Y and UGT2B7H are highly reactive with many opioids, menthol, androsterone, and (R)- and (S)-propranolol, and similar kinetic values were observed. UGT2B7Y and UGT2B7H react poorly with oxazepam and no difference in (R)- or (S)-glucuronidation rate ratios was found. Thus, UGT2B7Y and H cannot account for the variability in the plasma or urine concentrations of these glucuronides in human populations. Our data suggest that UGT2B7 is a major isoform responsible for the glucuronidation of androsterone. Neither UGT2B7Y nor H catalyzes the glucuronidation of testosterone although each catalyzes the glucuronidation of epitestosterone. UGT2B7 seems to be a major human isoform responsible for the glucuronidation of opioids of the morphinan and oripavine class and is capable of catalyzing the glucuronidation of both the 3- and 6-hydroxyl moieties on these molecules. Thus, UGT2B7 plays a major role in the conversion of morphine to morphine-6-glucuronide, the potent analgesic metabolite of morphine.
A Comparison of Platelet Size, Platelet Count, and Platelet <sup>35</sup>S Incorporation as Assays for Thrombopoietin (1976)

Average platelet size, platelet count, and 35S-incorporation into platelets were compared as methods for the measurement of thrombopoietin-stimulated thrombopoiesis. In mice injected with rabbit anti-mouse platelet serum (RAMPS) average platelet size was shown to be increased as mice were recovering from thrombocytopenia. Also, 35S-measurements on platelets of these mice showed significant increases in cpm/average platelet 2-4 days after RAMPS treatment. Significant increases in 35S-incorporation into the total circulating mass of platelets were found on days 3-4. In normal mice or mice in rebound-thrombocytosis injected with thrombopoietin, platelet size remained unchanged, whereas the platelet cound and 35S-incorporation into platelets were shown to be significantly increased. Moreover, a dose-response experiment in mice pretreated with RAMPS showed a slight increase in platelet count as the dose of TSF was increased, but platelet sizes were unaltered. The % 35S-incorporation into platelets showed a significant linear dose-response, i.e. as the dose of thrombopoietin was increased, as increase in % 35S-incorporation into platelets was observed. These data indicated that of the three indirect measurements of thrombopoietin, the % 35S-incorporation into mouse platelets was the most sensitive, followed by platelet counting; the least sensitive measurement of thrombopoiesis was change in platelet size.
Binding of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate to the Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domains at the N-Terminus of p67<sup>PHOX</sup>, a Subunit of the Leukocyte Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase (2000)

The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) binding site of the NADPH oxidase complex is believed to be located on the beta, subunit of cytochrome b558. However, our previous studies showed that p67PHOX also contains an NADPH binding site that is essential for normal oxidase activity and that p67PHOX is able to mediate a slow electron transfer from a reduced pyridine nucleotide to an artificial electron acceptor. Using both affinity labeling and fluorescence quenching, we have obtained further evidence that p67PHOX is able to bind NADPH. We have used a number of truncated forms of p67PHOX, including p67PHOX(1-243), p67PHOX(1-210), p67PHOX(1-199), and p67PHOX(244-526) (where the numbers represent the initial and final amino acids in the truncated p67PHOX) in order to localize the binding site. We found that NADPH could bind to p67PHOX(1-243), p67PHOX(1-210), and p67PHOX(1-199) but not to p67PHOX(244-526). The p67PHOX(1-199) fragment consists largely of four tetratricopeptide (TPR) domains. We showed further that Rac2-GTP gamma S and to a lesser extent Rac2-GDP beta S could modulate the binding of NADPH to p67PHOX.
Complete nucleotide sequence, genomic organization and phylogenetic analysis of Citrus leprosis virus cytoplasmic type (2006)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA 1 (8745 nt) and RNA 2 (4986 nt) of Citrus leprosis virus cytoplasmic type (CiLV-C) was determined using cloned cDNA. RNA 1 contains two open reading frames (ORFs), which correspond to 286 and 29 kDa proteins. The 286 kDa protein is a polyprotein putatively involved in virus replication, which contains four conserved domains: methyltransferase, protease, helicase and polymerase. RNA 2 contains four ORFs corresponding to 15, 61, 32 and 24 kDa proteins, respectively. The 32 kDa protein is apparently involved in cell-to-cell movement of the virus, but none of the other putative proteins exhibit any conserved domain. The 5' regions of the two genomic RNAs contain a 'cap' structure and poly(A) tails were identified in the 3'-terminals. Sequence analyses and searches for structural and non-structural protein similarities revealed conserved domains with members of the genera Furovirus, Bromovirus, Tobravirus and Tobamovirus, although phylogenetic analyses strongly suggest that CiLV-C is a member of a distinct, novel virus genus and family, and definitely demonstrate that it does not belong to the family Rhabdoviridae, as previously proposed. Based on these results it was proposed that Citrus leprosis virus be considered as the type member of a new genus of viruses, Cilevirus.
Restoration from multiframe blurred images based on stochastic image models (2000)

Many studies about restoring blurred images have been performed. But most of them dealt with restoration of one blurred image. However, when the object is observed several times, the restored image using the several observed images is better than the restored images using each observed image. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of restoring the several observed images of the same object. The following three processes are necessary in order to obtain a good restored image: (1) estimating the parameters of both blur process and original image model, (2) restoring via the estimated parameters, and (3) adjusting the position between the observed images. This paper deals with out-of-focus blurred images. The parameters of the blurred images are estimated by means of the characteristic of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) spectrum, and the parameters of the original image model are estimated by fitting the autocovariance function of the original image model to the sample autocovariance function of the blurred image. The iterative restoring method is derived based on the Bayes rule. In our computer simulation of both blurred images, which are generated by known blur process, and the real out-of-focus blurred images, the restored images using the several blurred images are satisfactory because the restoration using several blurred images compensates for the lost information of the images. These results are explained by the DCT spectrum. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 31(9): 18–27, 2000
Pay attention (1999)

The focus on pay is welcome, but let's not forget the other causes of low morale
FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE IN THE PRESENCE OF PHASE TRANSFER CATALYST—A KINETIC STUDY (2004)

The kinetics of free radial polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using potassium peroxydisulfate as initiator in the presence of propiophenonebenzyldimethylammonium chloride as phase transfer catalyst were studied. The reactions were carried out under inert and unstirred conditions at constant temperature of 60°C in cyclohexanone/water biphase media. The dependence of the rate of polymerization on various experimental conditions, such as different concentrations of monomer, initiator and phase transfer catalyst (PTC) and different ionic strength, temperature and volume fraction of aqueous phase was studied. The order with respect to monomer, initiator and phase transfer catalyst was found to be 1, 0.5 and 0.5 respectively. The rate of polymerization (Rp) is independent of ionic strength and pH. However, an increase in the polarity of solvent and volume fraction of aqueous phase has slightly increased the Rp value. Based on the results obtained, a mechanism has been proposed for the polymerization reaction.
Microwave Nonlinear Susceptibilities Due to Electronic and Ionic Anharmonicities in Acentric Crystals (1971)

A microwave nonlinear susceptibility analogous to the optical and electro-optical nonlinear susceptibilities is investigated in a number of acentric ferroelectric and semiconductor crystals. Contributions from ionic nonlinearities result in enormously larger nonlinear coefficients in some materials than any known for the optical or electro-optical effects. An interpretation is presented in terms of a relationship between the nonlinear coefficients and the electronic and ionic linear susceptibilities.
Calibration procedures for a halide Ion-Selective Electrode array (1998)

Univariate and multivariate Chemometric methods are compared for the determination of ion concentrations measured with a 6 Ion-Selective Electrode array. Principal component analysis is applied as an exploratory method to observe the extent to which interferences occur. Two univariate calibration methods are compared. It is shown that univariate inverse calibration performs at least as well as classical calibration. The use of the former is therefore recommended. The use of partial least squares, principal component regression and multivariate regression is discussed and the possibilities of the method are described.
BK Viral Enhancer Element and a Human Cellular Homolog (1983)

Comparison of two closely related primate papovaviruses, simian virus 40 (SV40) and human BK virus (BKV), reveals that the only region of extensive divergence, the tandem sequences adjacent to the origins of DNA replication, is responsible in SV40 for enhancing early gene expression. This study demonstrates a similar enhancer function for the analogous repeated region in BKV. The dissimilarity in sequence of the BKV and SV40 enhancer elements suggests that they may have been acquired since SV40 and BKV diverged. A locus cloned from the human genome homologous to the BKV tandem repeats has been shown to function as low level enhancer element in mammalian cells. These data support the hypothesis that viral enhancer sequences may be evolutionarily related to host cell sequences.
Actions of the Unitary Group on Irreducible/Primitive Polynomials and Their Applications to Randomness of Sequences (2007)

This paper investigates how irreducibility and primitivity can be preserved when the unitary group acts on irreducible or primitive polynomials. Applying these operators to sequences and their discrete Fourier spectra, the weight preserving property is obtained. Some new randomness criteria are introduced in terms of these operators, which are suitable for measuring unpredictibility of pseudo-random sequences employed in stream ciphers.