gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutational analysis of residues in the nucleotide binding domain of human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (2021)

Human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was overexpressed in a baculovirus system. The pure recombinant enzyme was identical in size, activity, kinetic constants, and metal effects to native enzyme. Three amino acids, within either the putative nucleotide binding domain and part of a DNA polymerase consen sus sequence, YGDTDSLF, or a TdT consensus sequence, GGFRRGK, were altered by site-directed mutagenesis. The four mutant forms of terminal transferase were also overexpressed in the baculovirus expression system and purified from Trichoplusia ni larvae by a monoclonal antibody affinity column and compared with wild-type enzyme with respect to thermostabilities, secondary structure, metal effects, and kinetic parameters.
Brand parody: a communication strategy to attack a competitor (2011)

Purpose The use of aggressive media campaigns to parody a competitor is a relatively recent development. The aim of this study is to gauge the consequences of parody on attitudes towards the brand that is the victim of the parody. Design/methodology/approach The data collection was carried out in an experiment design in two steps (before and after brand parody exposure) in order to measure the effects of a parody exposition on brand‐parodied attitude. Findings The results show that average level of attitude toward the brand parodied is significantly different after exposure to the advertisement that parodies it. Thus, the average level of attitude toward the brand parodied is significantly different in accordance with the degree to which those exposed to parodies are subject to feelings of anti‐commercial rebellion. Practical implications This study shows that a brand parody communication by playing negative humour with an anti‐commercial style represents a real threat for the brand parodied. Originality/value This research measured the effect of parody on attitude toward the brand parodied by its competitor. For this, the original materials were used (iPod advertising and iPod parody advertising made by its competitor).
Biocatalytic Asymmetric Rearrangement of a Methylene‐Interrupted Bis‐epoxide: Simultaneous Control of Four Asymmetric Centers Through a Biomimetic Reaction Cascade (2004)

Asymmetric enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of methylene-interrupted bis-epoxides 1 a and 1 b catalyzed by bacterial epoxide hydrolases furnished tetrahydrofuran derivatives 2 a and 2 b through a hydrolysis-rearrangement cascade. Whereas racemic bis-oxiranes 1 b-d underwent kinetic resolution with moderate stereoselectivities to yield products with up to 92 % ee and 66 % de: meso-bis-oxirane cis,cis-1 a was transformed into (6R,7R,9S,10S)-2 a in 94 % ee and 89 % de at high conversion (85 %) by Rhodococcus sp. CBS 717.73 as the major product. The reaction sequence resembles a biomimetic reaction cascade and provides an efficient entry into the structural core of annonaceous acetogenins with simultaneous control of four stereocenters.
Iron–Sulfur Proteins (2005)

Abstract Iron–sulfur proteins contain iron coordinated by at least one sulfur ligand and include proteins with mononuclear Fe centers with partial or complete cysteinyl sulfur ligation as well as proteins containing clusters of iron and inorganic sulfide. This review summarizes the structural, electronic, and redox properties of protein‐bound mononuclear FeS centers and FeS clusters containing [2Fe2S], [3Fe4S], and [4Fe4S] cores. In addition to the ubiquitous role in mediating biological electron transport, the roles of FeS centers have proliferated to include coupling of electron and proton transfer, substrate binding and activation, determining protein structure, regulation of gene expression and enzymatic activity, disulfide reduction, and iron, electron, or cluster storage. The diverse roles of FeS clusters are illustrated by discussion of specific systems: the mitochondrial and photosynthetic electron transport chains and a wide range of soluble redox enzymes and proteins; the active sites of nitrile hydratase, aconitase‐type (de)hydratases, superoxide reductase (SOR), radical‐SAM (S‐adenosylmethionine) enzymes, NiFe‐ and Fe‐hydrogenase, sulfite and nitrite reductase, nitrogenase, CO dehydrogenase, and acetyl‐CoA synthase; the structural FeS centers in DNA repair enzymes; the regulatory roles of FeS centers in the SoxR, fumarate–nitrate reduction (FNR), IscR/SufR, and iron‐regulatory protein (IRP) proteins and in selected enzymes; the two classes of FeS cluster containing disulfide reductases typified by ferredoxin–thioredoxin reductase (FTR) and heterodisulfide reductase (HDR); and the role of 8Fe ferredoxins and polyferredoxins in iron, electron, or cluster storage.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfide and Selenide Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals (2006)

In this paper, we demonstrate the synthesis of sulfide and selenide nanocrystals in a water-ethanol mixed solution system. This synthetic way was based on the direct reactions between metal ions and S(2-)/Se. Linoleic acid was adopted to protect the nanocrystals from agglomeration. Without involving extreme experimental conditions, this less toxic synthetic route can be expected to bring more opportunities to nanocrystal-related research and application fields.
The VNAV Tutor: addressing a mode awareness difficulty for pilots of glass cockpit aircraft (1997)

One of the major tasks of pilots of modern aircraft is monitoring and understanding the status and behavior of the auto-flight system, i.e., mode awareness. In order to maintain mode awareness in the dynamic environment, pilots must be continuously vigilant of indications from several locations within the cockpit. Lacking accurate and complete system knowledge and interfaces that clearly present the system state and constraints, pilots may misunderstand the control modes, pilots often cite vertical path navigation (VNAV) as a flight management system function that "surprises" them. The VNAV Tutor, a computer-based training system, was developed to address this issue. The VNAV Tutor attempts to improve pilots' understanding of VNAV control modes and the interaction of the mode control panel functions with the flight management system during VNAV usage. An evaluation showed that the VNAV Tutor enhanced both the conceptual understanding and the operational use of the vertical navigation function by pilots transitioning to aircraft with sophisticated auto-flight systems.
Controllable High-Speed Rotation of Nanowires (2005)

We report a versatile method for executing controllable high-speed rotation of nanowires by ac voltages applied to multiple electrodes. The rotation of the nanowires can be instantly switched on or off with precisely controlled rotation speed (to at least 1800 rpm), definite chirality, and total angle of rotation. We have determined the torque due to the fluidic drag force on nanowire of different lengths. We also demonstrate a micromotor using a rotating nanowire driving a dust particle into circular motion. This method has been used to rotate magnetic and nonmagnetic nanowires as well as carbon nanotubes.
What makes news newsworthy? (2009)

In order to provide counter piracy support in the Gulf of Aden, and to ensure the delivery of the Humanitarian Aid intended to the territory of Somalia, NATO escorted World Food Program vessels off the coast of Somalia, from October to December 2008. This mission was assigned to the NATO Standing Maritime Group 2 and was acting under the name of Operation Allied provider. Following the request of the Secretary General of the United Nations on 25 September 2008, the operation took place in support of UNSC resolution 1814,1816, and 1838.
Free Amino Acids, Carnosine and 5'-Inosinic Acid Contents in the Beef Loin and Beef Round (1987)

departmental bulletin paper
Battery state-of-health assessment using a near real-time impedance measurement technique under no-load and load conditions (2013)

The reliability of battery technologies has become a critical issue as the United States seeks to reduce its dependence on foreign oil. One of the significant limitations of in-situ battery health and reliability assessments, however, has been the inability to rapidly acquire information on power capability during aging. The Idaho National Laboratory has been collaborating with Montana Tech of the University of Montana and Qualtech Systems, Incorporated, on the development of a Smart Battery Status Monitor. This in-situ device will track changes in battery performance parameters to estimate its state-of-health and remaining useful life. A key component of this onboard monitoring system will be rapid, in-situ impedance measurements from which the available power can be estimated. A novel measurement technique, known as Harmonic Compensated Synchronous Detection, has been developed to acquire a wideband impedance spectrum based on an input sum-of-sines signal that contains frequencies separated by octave harmonics and has a duration of only one period of the lowest frequency. For this research, studies were conducted with high-power lithium-ion cells to examine the effectiveness and long-term impact of in-situ Harmonic Compensated Synchronous Detection measurements. Cells were cycled using standardized methods with periodic interruptions for reference performance tests to gauge degradation. The results demonstrated that in-situ impedance measurements were benign and could be successfully implemented under both no-load and load conditions. The acquired impedance spectra under no-load conditions were highly correlated to the independently determined pulse resistance growth and power fade. Similarly, the impedance measurements under load successfully reflected changes in cycle-life pulse resistance at elevated test temperatures. However, both the simulated and measured results were corrupted by transient effects and, for the under-load spectra, a bias voltage error. These errors mostly influenced the impedance at low frequencies, while the mid-frequency charge transfer resistance was generally retained regardless of current level. It was further demonstrated that these corrupting influences could be minimized with additional periods of the lowest frequency. Therefore, the data from these studies demonstrate that Harmonic Compensated Synchronous Detection is a viable in-situ impedance measurement technique that could be implemented as part of the overall Smart Battery Status Monitor.
Studies on Organic Sulfur Compounds. XI. Synthesis of 2-Alkylthio-thiazolo [3, 2-<I>a</I>]-s-triazine-4-ones (1973)

1-Alkoxycarbonyl-3-(2-thiazolyl) thioureas (A) were reacted with alkyl halides in presence of potassium carbonate to afford 1 (H)-alkoxycarbony1-2-alkyl-3-(2-thiazolyl)-isothioureas (D), 1-alkoxycarbony1-2-alkyl-3-(3-alkylthiazolin-2-ylidene) isothioureas (E) 2-alkylthio-thiazolo [3, 2-a]-s-triazine-4-ones (C). However, the rate of this reaction the yields of the products were dependent on the kinds of alkyl halide and thiazolyl thioureas (A). The cyclization products (C) were obtained in a good yield by the thermal treatment of the compounds (E).
Eugène Droulers: Précis de mythologie grecque et de mythologie romaine. Pp. 110; illus. Namur: Wesmael-Charlier, [1954]. Paper. (1956)

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Domino Catalysis in the Direct Conversion of Carboxylic Acids to Esters (2008)

Abstract The combined use of high concentration conditions, auxiliary bases, and new catalysts allows for the rapid synthesis of sterically hindered carboxylic acid esters at room temperature. Mechanistic analysis indicates the intermediate formation of acid anhydrides and subsequent rate‐limiting transformation to the ester products.
An immunogenetic analysis of the T-cell recognition of the major house dust mite allergen Der p 2: identification of high- and low-responder HLA-DQ alleles and localization of T-cell epitopes. (1995)

Cellular reactivity to Der p 2, a major allergen of the house dust mite (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, was studied in a group of 41 symptomatic HDM sensitive patients, using fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and assays of proliferation. Sixty per cent of the patients responded to Der p2, with reactivities being greater in patients with asthma as one of their clinical manifestations and also in those who had skin-test reactivity to a number of allergens. HLA-DR and -DQ serotyping was undertaken in 39 of the patients and the magnitude of T-cell proliferative responses to Der p 2 were found to be positively associated with DQ7 and negatively associated with DQ2. T-cell determinants within the Der p 2 molecule were identified by assays using a series of overlapping peptides (15- to 19-mers) spanning the entire protein. Fifty-nine per cent of the 41 HDM-sensitive patients responded to one or more of the peptides. All of the peptides were antigenic for at least one of the individuals, indicating the heterogeneity of the human repertoire reactive with Der p 2. There was a substantial variability in the number and location of epitopes recognized by T cells from the different allergic patients, the mean number per patient being 2.3 +/- 1.3 (SD). The most frequently recognized peptide was that spanning residues 111-129, being stimulatory in 66.7%, the other peptides were each recognized by between 8 to 25% of individuals. There was no correlation between the epitope recognized and the presence of particular HLA-DQ antigens.
Comparison of the Antimicrobial Activity of Various Agricultural Chemicals against Phytopathogenic Bacteria and Fungi Recently Isolated from Diseased Plants (1977)

最近全国各地の罹病植物から分離された数種植物病原菌株の薬剤感受性値について, 寒天平板希釈法によるMICで測定し, 各菌株の示す数種薬剤間の感受性値を比較した. その結果, 野菜類の軟腐病菌およびキュウリ斑点細菌病菌の示すストレプトマイシンおよびカスガマイシン感受性値の間に相関はなかったが, ストレプトマイシン耐性キュウリ斑点細菌病菌のなかで, 2菌株がカスガマイシンに耐性を示した. リンゴ斑点落葉病菌およびナシ黒斑病菌の示すポリオキシンBおよびブラストサイジンS感受性値の間に相関は認められなかった. 灰色かび病菌において, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, ポオリキシンB, S-7131および硫酸銅に対する感受性値は各薬剤間に相関はなかった. しかし carbendazim および chlorothalonil に耐性を示す二剤耐性菌が分布していることが認められた. 菌核病菌では供試薬剤に耐性を示す菌株は認められなかった. 各菌株の示すMIC値と植物体上における防除効果を調べた結果, 灰色かび病菌において carbendazim のMIC値とべノミルおよびチオファネートメチルの灰色かび病防除効果は相関することが認められたが, in vitro で中等度耐性菌と推定される菌株群のなかで, 植物体上における防除効果が菌株によって感受性または耐性を示すという現象も観察された.
Nitridation of polycrystalline titanium as studied by <i>in situ</i> angle‐resolved x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1988)

Abstract Nitridation of polycrystalline titanium was investigated in situ at about 550°C by angle‐resolved x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nitrogen pressure was varied from 10 −4 mbar to 1 mbar. The distribution of nitrogen in the titanium and the chemical bonding present were deduced from XPS measurements. Titanium nitridation passes through several stages as a function of the nitrogen exposure. The nitrogen concentration varies linearly with the logarithm of pressure and dose. Using the modified Ritchie‐Hund theory it was shown that the kinetics of titanium nitridation follows a cubic law.
Adsorption of Molybdate Monomers and Polymers on Titania with a Multisite Approach (2001)

Adsorption of polymers on mineral surfaces is of great interest. A representative important system is the molybdenum supported titania, used in catalysis. The well-known chemistry of molybdate polymers in aqueous solutions allows a detailed study of the contribution of these polymers to the Mo adsorption on titanium oxide surface. A large range of Mo concentrations was covered: from low levels where only Mo monomers are present to high levels where extensive polymerization takes place. Data from different techniques, like potentiometric titrations, proton−ion titrations, and adsorption edges, were used for the description of the interface “molybdate solution/titania surface”. All the data could be modeled very well using the recently introduced CD−MUSIC approach. The charge of the surface complexes is spatially distributed in the interface. MoO42- monomers adsorb over the entire pH range forming inner sphere complexes, which are characterized by two types of structure, i.e., bidentate and monodentate. Below pH 5.5 and high total molybdate concentrations the heptamolybdate polyanion Mo7O23(OH)5- is also adsorbed, forming an outer sphere complex. Due to its relatively large size, it covers a significant number of surface groups.
Autotaxin interacts with lipoprotein(a) and oxidized phospholipids in predicting the risk of calcific aortic valve stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease (2016)

Autotaxin is a novel and independent predictor of CAVS in patients with CAD.
Gastrointestinal mucosal regeneration role of growth factors (1999)

Growth factors and their receptors play important roles in cell proliferation, migration, tissue injury repair and ulcer healing. In gastric mucosa, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) by activating their common receptor, control cell proliferation. TGF-alpha predominantly plays this role under normal conditions and after acute injury, while EGF exerts its actions mainly during healing of chronic ulcers. During regeneration of injured gastric mucosa, these growth factors serve predominantly to restore the epithelial component. Other growth factors, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serve to promote restoration of the connective tissue and microvessels (angiogenesis) in injured mucosa. During healing of chronic ulcers, a new epithelial lineage secreting EGF and other growth peptides develops and the majority of cells lining the ulcer margin overexpress the EGF receptor. Activation of the EGF receptor induces dramatic increases in MAP (Erk -1 and -2) kinase activity and phosphorylation levels. Inhibition of this signaling pathway dramatically delays ulcer healing. Granulation connective tissue, which grows under the stimulation of bFGF and VEGF is the major source for regeneration of connective tissue lamina propria and microvessels within the ulcer scar. Other growth factors such as insulin - like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and trefoil peptides have been implicated in gastrointestinal (gastric ulcers, colitis) regeneration following injury. This paper is intended to provide an overview of the role of growth factors in gastrointestinal mucosal regeneration.
Enzymological Basis for Herbicidal Action of Glyphosate (1982)

The effects of 1 millimolar glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) upon the activities of enzymes of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography from mung bean seedings (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek), were examined. Multiple isozyme species of shikimate dehydrogenase, chorismate mutase, and aromatic aminotransferase were separated, and these were all insensitive to inhibition by glyphosate. The activities of prephenate dehydrogenase and arogenate dehydrogenase were also not sensitive to inhibition. Two molecular species of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase were resolved, one stimulated several-fold by Mn(2+) (DAHP synthase-Mn), and the other absolutely dependent upon the presence of Co(2+) for activity (DAHP synthase-Co). Whereas DAHP synthase-Mn was invulnerable to glyphosate, greater than 95% inhibition of DAHP synthase-Co was found in the presence of glyphosate. Since Co(2+) is a V(max) activator with respect to both substrates, glyphosate cannot act simply by Co(2+) chelation because inhibition is competitive with respect to erythrose-4-phosphate. The accumulation of shikimate found in glyphosate-treated seedlings is consistent with in vivo inhibition of both 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid 3-phosphate synthase and one of the two DAHP synthase isozymes. Aromatic amino acids, singly or in combination, only showed a trend towards reversal of growth inhibition in 7-day seedlings of mung bean. The possibilities are raised that glyphosate may act at multiple enzyme targets in a given organism or that different plants may vary in the identity of the prime enzyme target.
Anti-chlamydial effect of plant peptides (2014)

Even in asymptomatic cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, the aim of the antibiotic strategy is eradication of the pathogen so as to avoid the severe late sequelae, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and tubal infertility. Although first-line antimicrobial agents have been demonstrated to be predominantly successful in the treatment of C. trachomatis infection, treatment failures have been observed in some cases. Rich source of antimicrobial peptides was recently discovered in Medicago species, which act in plants as differentiation factors of the endosymbiotic bacterium partner. Several of these symbiotic plant peptides have proved to be potent killers of various bacteria in vitro. We show here that 7 of 11 peptides tested exhibited antimicrobial activity against C. trachomatis D, and that the killing activity of these peptides is most likely due to their interaction with specific bacterial targets.
Prevalence of streptogramin resistance genes among Enterococcus isolates recovered from retail meats in the Greater Washington DC area (2002)

The prevalence of streptogramin resistance genes in enterococci recovered from retail poultry in the Greater Washington DC area was examined. Forty-three chicken and 32 turkey retail samples were analysed. Thirty-one non-Enterococcus faecalis enterococcal strains were isolated that displayed MICs of quinupristin-dalfopristin and virginiamycin of > or = 4 mg/L. These included Enterococcus faecium (turkey n = 4, chicken n = 23), Enterococcus gallinarum (turkey n = 2, chicken n = 1) and Enterococcus hirae (chicken n = 1). The presence of streptogramin resistance genes was examined by PCR in all non-E. faecalis isolates. The vat(E) gene was detected in 10/23 chicken E. faecium and from 2/4 turkey E. faecium. No other streptogramin resistance genes were detected by PCR. In addition, erm(B) was detected in all the E. faecium and E. gallinarum found in turkeys and in 7/23 E. faecium found in chickens. The vat(E) gene was transferable by conjugation from only two of the 12 E. faecium isolates (one from chicken and one from turkey). This study suggests that there is a high prevalence of low-level streptogramin resistance among enterococci found in retail poultry and that other, yet to be identified, mechanisms operate in these isolates that confer streptogramin resistance in enterococci.
Gamma-Ray Polymerization of Acrylamide in the Solid State (1954)

The polymerization of vinyl monomers can be initiated by heat, ultraviolet radiation, and various catalysts. More recently, ionizing radiation has been shown to effectively initiate vinyl polymerization. However, polymerization in the solid state by ionizing radiation is not reported in the literature, although several papers have been published that describe briefly the thermal polymerization of divinyldiphenyl, Leuch's anhydride and in greater detail the peroxide catalyzed polymerization of acetaldehyde. The purpose of this note is to describe some experiments which demonstrate that crystalline acrylamide undergoes polymerization upon irradiation with γ-rays from an intense Co-60 source. Below its melting point the monomer shows little or no tendency to polymerize thermally.