gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Foundations of Cognitive Science (2001)

Abstract The Foundations of Cognitive Science is a set of thirteen new essays on key topics in this lively interdisciplinary field, by a stellar international line-up of authors. Philosophers, psychologists, and neurologists here come together to investigate such fascinating subjects as consciousness; vision; rationality; artificial life; the neural basis of language, cognition, and emotion; and the relations between mind and world, for instance our representation of numbers and space. The contributors are Ned Block, Margaret Boden, Susan Carey, Patricia Churchland, Paul Churchland, Antonio Damasio, Hanna Damasio, Donald Davidson, Daniel Dennett, Ilya Farber, James Higginbotham, Christopher Peacocke, Will Peterman, Zenon Pylyshyn, John Searle. Anyone interested in the exploration of the human mind will enjoy this book.
Response of RL network with piecewise linear inductance as a magnetic write head model (2001)

This paper presents an analytic solution for the transient response of a parallel RL network with piecewise linear inductance. It compares the rise time and zero-crossing pulse compression of the nonlinear network with a corresponding linear network. It shows that there is a rise time and compression improvement in the nonlinear circuit as the amplitude of the input current increases. It provides analytic expressions as well.
A 212 km NON-REPEATED TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENT AT 1.8 Gb/s USING LD PUMPED Er3+-DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIERS IN AN IM/DIRECT-DETECTION REPEATER SYSTEM (1989)

Over the past several years, non-repeated transmission distances using coherent detection have been longer than those using direct detection. It is noticed that minimum detectable photon numbers of the direct detection schemes are no more than those of the coherent schemes, under shot-noise limited condition. Optical amplification techniques play important roles to improve the receiver sensitivity in the direct detection system [1] and to increase the fiber launched power.
A time-scale dependent disk scheduling scheme for multimedia-on-demand servers (2002)

We present a producer-consumer model of multimedia-on-demand servers. The producer retrieves media data from a disk and places it into a set of buffers while the consumer sends out the data in the buffers to the users. We develop for the producer a time-scale dependent buffer-inventory-based dynamic scheduling scheme named /spl sigma/-BIDS which guarantees to meet the continuity requirement and no-loss of data for each media stream. The scheme introduces a time-scale dependent peak consumption rate and a virtual cycle time to smooth out the impact of bursty data of variable-bit-rate streams, thus improving the maximum admissible load of requests. A straightforward admission control mechanism with quality-of-service guarantees is then established based on two simple conditions respectively on load and buffer size. Our scheduling scheme is very easy to implement, and experiments carried out with an actual disk system and real video stream data verify the effectiveness of the scheme.
Hypertonic stress regulates T cell function via pannexin-1 hemichannels and P2X receptors (2010)

Hypertonic saline (HS) resuscitation increases T cell function and inhibits posttraumatic T cell anergy, which can reduce immunosuppression and sepsis in trauma patients. We have previously shown that HS induces the release of cellular ATP and enhances T cell function. However, the mechanism by which HS induces ATP release and the subsequent regulation of T cell function by ATP remain poorly understood. In the present study, we show that inhibition of the gap junction hemichannel pannexin-1 (Panx1) blocks ATP release in response to HS, and HS exposure triggers significant changes in the expression of all P2X-type ATP receptors in Jurkat T cells. Blocking or silencing of Panx1 or of P2X1, P2X4, or P2X7 receptors blunts HS-induced p38 MAPK activation and the stimulatory effects of HS on TCR/CD28-induced IL-2 gene transcription. Moreover, treatment with HS or agonists of P2X receptors overcomes T cell suppression induced by the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These findings indicate that Panx1 hemichannels facilitate ATP release in response to hypertonic stress and that P2X1, P2X4, and P2X7 receptor activation enhances T cell function. We conclude that HS and P2 receptor agonists promote T cell function and thus, could be used to improve T cell function in trauma patients.
On the Reactions of Two Fungal Laccases Differing in Their Redox Potential with Lignin Model Compounds: Products and Their Rate of Formation (2009)

Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are multicopper oxidases able to oxidize phenolic compounds such as lignin-related polyphenols. Since the discovery that so-called mediators effectively extend the family of laccase substrates, direct interactions between lignin-like materials and laccase have gained much less attention. In this work, the aim was to characterize oxidation products formed in direct laccase-catalyzed oxidation of different guaiacylic and syringylic lignin model compounds with two different laccases: a low redox potential Melanocarpus albomyces laccase and a high redox potential Trametes hirsuta laccase. By following the formation of different, mainly biphenylic (5-5) and benzylic oxidation products, it was found that although both of these enzymes generated practically the same pattern of products with particular types of syringyl and guaiacyl compounds, in some cases a clear difference in the rates of their formation was observed. The results also confirm further to the suggestions that syringylic compounds are able to act as mediators in their own oxidation reactions and also that in some instances acetylation of phenolic material may produce altered, unexpected structures.
New Insights into Human Nostril Microbiome from the Expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD): a Resource for the Microbiome of the Human Aerodigestive Tract (2018)

The expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD) is a comprehensive microbiome database for sites along the human aerodigestive tract that revealed new insights into the nostril microbiome. The eHOMD provides well-curated 16S rRNA gene reference sequences linked to available genomes and enables assignment of species-level taxonomy to most next-generation sequences derived from diverse aerodigestive tract sites, including the nasal passages, sinuses, throat, esophagus, and mouth. Using minimum entropy decomposition coupled with the RDP Classifier and our eHOMD V1-V3 training set, we reanalyzed 16S rRNA V1-V3 sequences from the nostrils of 210 Human Microbiome Project participants at the species level, revealing four key insights. First, we discovered that Lawsonella clevelandensis, a recently named bacterium, and <i>Neisseriaceae</i> [G-1] HMT-174, a previously unrecognized bacterium, are common in adult nostrils. Second, just 19 species accounted for 90% of the total sequences from all participants. Third, 1 of these 19 species belonged to a currently uncultivated genus. Fourth, for 94% of the participants, 2 to 10 species constituted 90% of their sequences, indicating that the nostril microbiome may be represented by limited consortia. These insights highlight the strengths of the nostril microbiome as a model system for studying interspecies interactions and microbiome function. Also, in this cohort, three common nasal species (Dolosigranulum pigrum and two <i>Corynebacterium</i> species) showed positive differential abundance when the pathobiont Staphylococcus aureus was absent, generating hypotheses regarding colonization resistance. By facilitating species-level taxonomic assignment to microbes from the human aerodigestive tract, the eHOMD is a vital resource enhancing clinical relevance of microbiome studies. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The eHOMD (http://www.ehomd.org) is a valuable resource for researchers, from basic to clinical, who study the microbiomes and the individual microbes in body sites in the human aerodigestive tract, which includes the nasal passages, sinuses, throat, esophagus, and mouth, and the lower respiratory tract, in health and disease. The eHOMD is an actively curated, web-based, open-access resource. eHOMD provides the following: (i) species-level taxonomy based on grouping 16S rRNA gene sequences at 98.5% identity, (ii) a systematic naming scheme for unnamed and/or uncultivated microbial taxa, (iii) reference genomes to facilitate metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and proteomic studies and (iv) convenient cross-links to other databases (e.g., PubMed and Entrez). By facilitating the assignment of species names to sequences, the eHOMD is a vital resource for enhancing the clinical relevance of 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome studies, as well as metagenomic studies.
Tracking color objects in real time (2009)

The goal of our research is efficient tracking of color objects from a sequence of live images for use in real-time applications including surveillance, video conferencing and robot navigation. In this work we outline the results of our research. First we propose a novel, compact, look-up table color representation of a dielectric object that models the behavior of a color cluster in color space and yields real time performance in segmenting out color object pixels. This representation accounts for non-white illumination, shadows, highlights, variable viewing and camera operating conditions. We then propose a clustering method that uses density and spatial cues to cluster object pixels into separate objects. We also describe a method of identifying objects from the neighboring frames and predicting their future movement. Finally we provide details of a practical implementation of a tracking system based on the proposed techniques.
The evaluation of alternative airport plans (2011)

In the past, the planning of airports has largely been an intuitive process, leading to an often serious misallocation of resources. It is the contention of this thesis that the adoption of a more economic and integrated method of evaluating alternative airport plans could eliminate some of this mis-investment, and that the groundwork for such an evaluation process has already been done in the field of port planning. The evaluation method proposed is the use of a mathematical model of the airport's operation and of the benefit and cost interrelationships arising from the activities performed. The model can then be used to simulate the value of the benefits and costs of a number of possible alternative plans. It is the purpose of this thesis to discuss the applicability of the port model as a tool for airport planning and to point out the ease with which it could be applied both from the point of view of modifications and data requirements and availability. As background to the evaluation process, Chapter 2 presents some general theory and problems of economic evaluation and of the measurement of benefits and costs. Chapter 3 presents a description of planning processes currently being used by the Department of Transport in planning Canada's airports and points out some of the flaws in this approach. Chapter 4 then describes the type of port model now developed in so far as it can be used to determine interrelationships between investment, cost to ships of using the port, cost of port operation, and net community benefits. The calculations derived from the application of the model can then be used to determine the net present value of the benefit and cost streams arising from alternative ways of achieving a given level of port output, and thus to select the best possible combination of facilities. Chapter 5 then points out the similarities and differences between port and airport operation and hence the applicability of and the modifications required in the application of the port model to airport planning situations. The remainder of the chapter delineates the type of data required to construct and use an airport model and the availability of this data to the airport planners. Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the findings and concludes that, while it has its limitations as a terminal model, as a representation of airport operation and as an evaluation process, the port model can be adapted relatively easily to airport planning to provide a more integrated, more economic approach to the evaluation of alternative airport plans.
Winding Design and Analysis for a Disc-Type Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor with a PCB Stator (2018)

The stator structure of a disc-type permanent-magnet synchronous motor is a printed circuit board (PCB). The design of stator windings has a direct influence on motor performance and the utilization rate of the stator. However, in some respects, PCB processing technology limits the development of the disc-type electric motor with a PCB stator. For example, the wiring of the stator winding and the connections of the ends are single. In this paper, an improved winding was designed to improve the output power. The analytic expressions for the back electromotive force (EMF) and other parameters such as power, winding resistance, and eddy loss are established, respectively. According to finite-element theory, the characteristics of the improved winding and distributed winding under no load and load were simulated and analyzed. It is concluded that the improved winding not only improves no-load back EMF, along with output power and efficiency under load, but also the utilization rate of the stator was greatly improved. Finally, a prototype was made to verify the design that has a certain reference value for the design of a disc-type permanent-magnet motor with a PCB stator.
Increased endogenous N-nitrosamine and nitrate formation by induction of nitric oxide synthase in rats with acute hepatic injury caused by <i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> and lipopolysaccharide administraction (1993)

In rats treated i.v. with heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes (100 mg/kg body wt), followed 5 days later by an i.v. dose of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg body wt), acute hepatic cell necrosis was accompanied by significant induction of nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity in the liver. Endogenous nitrosation of thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid (TCA, 50 mumol/rat) administered by three different routes (i.v., i.p. and p.o.) 5 h after LPS injection to the P. acnes-treated rats was assessed by analysing its nitrosated product (NTCA) excreted in 24 h urine. The amounts of NTCA formed in vivo after i.v., i.p. and p.o. administration of TCA were 4.07 +/- 1.00, 5.79 +/- 2.15 and 58.3 +/- 20.7 nmol/rat (n = 5-10) respectively, which were about 5-, 10- and 8-fold greater than those excreted by rats which had not been treated with P.acnes and LPS but received TCA by the same route. Nitrate concentration in plasma and NO synthase activity in the liver started to increase within 2.5 h after LPS injection, reached a maximum at 7.5 h and remained at high levels for several further hours. Levels of nitrite and nitrate in gastric contents were also increased significantly after LPS administration. The co-administration of N omega-nitro-L-arginine (an inhibitor of NO synthase) and LPS resulted in a marked reduction of urinary levels of nitrate and NTCA, indicating that nitrosation is mediated by NO synthase. These results together suggest that induction of NO synthase by infection with bacteria, parasite and viruses could result in increased endogenous nitrosation not only in the infected tissues but also in the stomach, where nitrosamines would be formed more rapidly under acidic conditions.
Permanent-Magnets Linear Actuators Applicability in Automobile Active Suspensions (2006)

Significant improvements in automobile suspension performance are achieved by active systems. However, current active suspension systems are too expensive and complex. Developments occurring in power electronics, permanent magnet materials, and microelectronic systems justifies analysis of the possibility of implementing electromagnetic actuators in order to improve the performance of automobile suspension systems without excessively increasing complexity and cost. In this paper, the layouts of hydraulic and electromagnetic active suspensions are compared. The actuator requirements are calculated, and some experimental results proving that electromagnetic suspension could become a reality in the future are shown.
Ultrafast x-ray absorption probing of a chemical reaction (1996)

Ultrafast x-ray techniques can, in principle, allow us to more directly watch the time evolution of matter, with atomic spatial resolution and with time resolution on the scale of atomic motions such as the making and breaking of chemical bonds, in order to more directly observe the fundamental molecular dynamics underlying the concept of ‘‘mechanism’’ in inorganic, organic, and biochemical reactions. As a step toward this goal, we have observed a chemical reaction process, photoinduced dissociation of gas phase SF6 molecules, detected by ultrafast near-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy with time resolutions of 1.5–3 ps, near the sulfur K edge at a photon energy of 2.48 keV (4.98 A).
Correct, Reactive, High-Level Robot Control (2011)

In this article, we presented an overview of how temporal logic synthesis, coupled with abstractions and continuous bisimilar controllers, can be used to generate high-level, reactive robot control. We illustrated the ideas using the DUC mission, and we presented two approaches to deal with the inherent state explosion problem.
Characterization of Different Plaque-forming and Defective Temperate Phages in Agrobacterium Strains (1975)

Four Agrobacterium tumefaciens temperate phages (PB2A, PB6(omega), PV-1(LV-1) and PS8), were shown to have the same genome size. Moreover hybridization experiments by the heteroduplex method and electron microscopy showed a 100% homology between these four phage genomes. Indications for lysogeny were found by direct means for the Agrobacterum timefaciens strain 396, Agrobacterium radiobacter strain 8149 and Agrobacterium species 0362 and by the electron microscope negative staining technique for the A.tumefaciens strains b6-806,b6-6,b6s3,b2as,cv-1,4452,11156,11158,396, and 925; for A.radiobacter strains tr-1 and 8149, the latter being bi-lysogenic, and for the A. species 0362. These isolated phage particles, most of which appear to be defective, could be grouped into different classes. No particles could be detected in the lysates of A. tumefaciens RV3, A. radiobacter strains 4718 and S1005, and A. species 0363. Further characterization by genome size was carried out for the defective temperate phages PB6-806, P4452,P8149 and P0362. No evidence for homology between PB6-806 and PB6 omega could be found. The defective phages PB6-806 and P4452 showed the same morphology but a different genome size, whereas the two phages P0362 and P8149 had a very different morphology and genome size.
Haemostatic chitosan coated gauze: in vitro interaction with human blood and in-vivo effectiveness (2015)

Сotton-chitosan materials have higher adhesive properties to platelets that depend on molecular weight and concentration of chitosan. These materials also change platelets' shape that probable is one of the most important mechanisms of haemostatic effect. In-vivo studies have shown high effectiveness of 2 % 200 kDa chitosan for stop bleeding from arteries of large diameter.
Genome-Wide siRNA Screen for Modulators of Cell Death Induced by Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib (2010)

Multiple pathways have been proposed to explain how proteasome inhibition induces cell death, but mechanisms remain unclear. To approach this issue, we performed a genome-wide siRNA screen to evaluate the genetic determinants that confer sensitivity to bortezomib (Velcade (R); PS-341). This screen identified 100 genes whose knockdown affected lethality to bortezomib and to a structurally diverse set of other proteasome inhibitors. A comparison of three cell lines revealed that 39 of 100 genes were commonly linked to cell death. We causally linked bortezomib-induced cell death to the accumulation of ASF1B, Myc, ODC1, Noxa, BNIP3, Gadd45alpha, p-SMC1A, SREBF1, and p53. Our results suggest that proteasome inhibition promotes cell death primarily by dysregulating Myc and polyamines, interfering with protein translation, and disrupting essential DNA damage repair pathways, leading to programmed cell death.
Stimulated transformation of soft helix among helicoidal, heliconical, and their inverse helices (2019)

Dynamic modulation of soft helix in terms of the molecular organization, handedness, and pitch length could result in a sophisticated control over its functions, opening numerous possibilities toward the exploration of previously unidentified applications. Here, we report a dynamic and reversible transformation of a soft helical superstructure among the helicoidal (molecules orthogonal to helical axis), heliconical (molecules oblique to the helical axis, i.e., oblique helicoidal), and their inverse helices, together with a tunability on the helical pitch, by combining electrical and optical manipulations. This multistate transformation depends on a matching of the temperature, the strength of external stimuli, and the bend and twist elastic effects of the system. A laser emission with tunable wavelength and polarization, and prescribed micropatterns formed by any aforementioned architectures were achieved.
Image-based rendering for mixed reality (2002)

In this paper, we propose an image-based approach to synthesize a novel view image for mixed reality (MR) systems. Theoretically, the image-based method is good for synthesizing realistic images, but it is difficult to achieve interactive handling of the object. As a solution, we propose a new method based on the "surface light field rendering" technique. With this method, we can synthesize the objects with arbitrary deformation and illumination changes. To demonstrate the efficiency of this method, we describe successful experiments that we performed using objects with non-rigid effects (e.g. velvet and Tatami carpet) which are difficult to render correctly by the use of general model-based rendering techniques.
Acceleration of computer-generated hologram by Greatly Reduced Array of Processor Element with Data Reduction (2014)

We have implemented a computer-generated hologram (CGH) calculation on Greatly Reduced Array of Processor Element with Data Reduction (GRAPE-DR) processors. The cost of CGH calculation is enormous, but CGH calculation is well suited to parallel computation. The GRAPE-DR is a multicore processor that has 512 processor elements. The GRAPE-DR supports a double-precision floating-point operation and can perform CGH calculation with high accuracy. The calculation speed of the GRAPE-DR system is seven times faster than that of a personal computer with an Intel Core i7-950 processor.
Acceleration of type 1 diabetes mellitus in proinsulin 2–deficient NOD mice (2003)

Accumulating evidence favors a role for proinsulin as a key autoantigen in diabetes. In the mouse, two proinsulin isoforms coexist. Most studies point to proinsulin 2 as the major isoform recognized by T cells in the NOD mouse. We studied mice in which a null proinsulin 2 mutation was transferred from proinsulin 2-deficient 129 mice onto the NOD background along with 16 genetic markers (including I-A g7 MHC molecule) associated with diabetes. Intercross mice from the fourth backcross generation showed that proinsulin 2 -/-mice develop accelerated insulitis and diabetes. The high prevalence of anti-insulin autoantibodies in proinsulin 2 -/-mice indicates that diabetes acceleration relates to altered recognition of proinsulin. The prevalence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and of sialitis is not increased in proinsulin 2 -/-mice. We give evidence that proinsulin 2 expression leads to silencing of T cells specific for an epitope shared by proinsulin 1 and proinsulin 2. In the human, alleles located in the VNTR region flanking the insulin gene control cell response to glucose and proinsulin expression in the thymus and are key determinants of diabetes susceptibility. Proinsulin 2 -/-NOD mice provide a model to study the role of thymic expression of insulin in susceptibility to diabetes.