gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C–H bond activation through steric crowding of normally inert ligands in the sterically crowded gadolinium and yttrium (C <sub>5</sub> Me <sub>5</sub> ) <sub>3</sub> M complexes (2006)

Synthesis of the sterically crowded Tris(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) lanthanide complexes, (C5Me5)3Ln, has demonstrated that organometallic complexes with unconventionally long metal ligand bond lengths can be isolated that provide options to develop new types of ligand reactivity based on steric crowding. Previously, the (C5Me5)3M complexes were known only with the larger lanthanides, La-Sm. The synthesis of even more crowded complexes of the smaller metals Gd and Y is reported here. These complexes allow an evaluation of the size/reactivity correlations previously limited to the larger metals and demonstrate a previously undescribed type of C5Me5-based reaction, namely C-H bond activation. (C5Me5)3Gd, was prepared from GdCl3 through (C5Me5)2GdCl2K(THF)2, (C5Me5)2Gd(C3H5), and [(C5Me5)2Gd][BPh4] and structurally characterized by x-ray crystallography. Although Gd3+ is redox-inactive, (C5Me5)3Gd functions as a reducing agent in reactions with 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene (COT) and triphenylphosphine selenide to make (C5Me5)Gd(C8H8), [(C5Me5)2Gd]2Se2, and [(C5Me5)2Gd]2Se depending on the stoichiometry used. When the analogous synthetic method was attempted with yttrium in arene solvents, the previously characterized (C5Me5)2YR complexes (R=C6H5, CH2C6H5) were isolated instead, i.e., C-H bond activation of solvent occurred. To avoid this problem, (C5Me5)3Y was synthesized in high yield from [(C5Me5)2YH]2 and tetramethylfulvene in aliphatic solvents. Isolated (C5Me5)3Y was found to metalate benzene and toluene with concomitant formation of C5Me5H, a reaction contrary to the normal pKa values of these hydrocarbons. In this case, the normally inert (C5Me5)1- ligand engages in C-H bond activation due to the extreme steric crowding.
The USSR and Asia in 1989: Recasting Relationships (1990)

Research Article| January 01 1990 The USSR and Asia in 1989: Recasting Relationships Coit D. Blacker Coit D. Blacker Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1961) 30 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.2307/2644768 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Coit D. Blacker; The USSR and Asia in 1989: Recasting Relationships. Far Eastern Survey 1 January 1961; 30 (1): 1–12. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2644768 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1990 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A study on the design and evaluation of an adaptive web browser for students with reading difficulties (2003)

Web-based learning has become an important channel for education improvement. However, children with reading difficulties, including the mental retardation and learning disabilities, have difficulties with word decoding and comprehension. To learn from the Internet, they are facing two challenges in manipulating a browser to read through the web and comprehending the contents on the web pages. The adaptive web browser (AWB) in our design, integrating the technologies of HTML interpreter, text-to-speech engine and picture communication symbols (PCS), facilitates comprehending the contents on web pages with auxiliary speaking sound or picture produced automatically as needed. In examining its usability, the result indicates that the adaptive web browser can help the students with reading difficulties facilitate access to the web and increase comprehension of contents on the web pages.
Aluminum Fixation in Montmorillonite (1962)

Abstract Previous studies have indicated that Al is fixed by a synthetic cation exchanger as a positively‐charged hydroxy‐Al polymer with an OH/Al molar ratio of 2. The present study with montmorillonite showed that this mineral also can fix Al in nearly the same OH/Al ratio but at a lower pH. Graded amounts of NaOH were added to an AlCl 3 ‐montmorillonite suspension and after 6 months the clay was separated. In the solution with the highest (1.35) OH/Al ratio, the apparent CEC of the clay had decreased from 98 to 20.5 me. per 100 g. and a 15.5 Å. X‐ray diffraction spacing was retained at 500°C. This sample, however, expanded to 18 Å. with ethylene glycol at 25°C. The increase in fixed Al with decrease in CEC was 24.6 mg. per me. Additional evidence is presented which indicates that the CEC was reduced by positively‐charged hydroxy‐Al groups occupying exchange sites rather than by Al(OH) 3 blocking pathways to these sites.
Asynchronous Consensus in Continuous-Time Multi-Agent Systems With Switching Topology and Time-Varying Delays (2008)

The paper studies asynchronous consensus problems of continuous-time multi-agent systems with discontinuous information transmission. The proposed consensus control strategy is implemented based on the state information of each agent's neighbors at some discrete times. The asynchrony means that each agent's update times, at which the agent adjusts its dynamics, are independent of others'. Furthermore, it is assumed that the communication topology among agents is time-dependent and the information transmission is with bounded time-varying delays. If the union of the communication topology across any time interval with some given length contains a spanning tree, the consensus problem is shown to be solvable. The analysis tool developed in this paper is based on nonnegative matrix theory and graph theory. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a valid distributed consensus algorithm that overcomes the difficulties caused by unreliable communication channels, such as intermittent information transmission, switching communication topology, and time-varying communication delays, and therefore has its obvious practical applications. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Factor VIII inhibitors in mild and moderate‐severity haemophilia A (1998)

Inhibitors are an uncommon complication of mild haemophilia, occurring in 3-13% of patients and usually arising during adulthood. The risk of inhibitor development in this group appears to be associated with relatively few high-risk factor VIII genotypes clustered in the A2 and C2 domains, especially the Arg593-Cys and the Trp2229-Cys mutations. Kindreds with these mutations have an inhibitor incidence of up to 40%. These mutations may induce a stable conformational change in the factor VIII molecule rendering it antigenically distinct from wild-type factor VIII. Inhibitors in mild haemophilia usually cross-react with endogenous factor VIII reducing the basal VIIIC to < 0.01 IU/ml, and causing spontaneous bleeding. This bleeding is sometimes severe and life-threatening, two-thirds of patients developing a pattern of soft tissue, gastrointestinal (GI) and urinogenital bleeding reminiscent of acquired haemophilia. Bleeding has been treated with human and porcine factor VIII, bypass therapy and DDAVP. Recombinant factor VIIa and DDAVP have the advantage that they do not induce an anamnestic rise in inhibitor titre. About 60% of these inhibitors disappear in the remainder over a median of 9 months. Few of these inhibitors recur, suggesting that most such patients have become tolerant. The inhibitors persist long-term and remain troublesome in about 40% of patients. The limited data available on immune tolerance induction in this group indicate a generally poor response to this approach. Two of nine achieved tolerance, with a partial response in a further four. Inhibitors are an uncommon but life-threatening complication of haemophilia. This complication should be considered when selecting the treatment modality for patients with a family history of inhibitors, and DDAVP used whenever possible.
Epigenetic regulation of the MGMT and hMSH6 DNA repair genes in cells resistant to methylating agents (2000)

We investigated the relationship between DNA cytosine methylation and the expression of two genes associated with resistance to DNA methylation damage. Variants of RajiMex- cells acquired resistance to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea by either reactivating a previously silent O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene or by repressing the hMSH6 mismatch repair gene. DNA sequencing and measurements of mRNA and enzyme levels revealed that MGMT activity was not correlated with methylation of the core MGMT promoter. Treatment with the demethylating agent 5-azadeoxycytidine reduced MGMT mRNA and enzyme levels, indicating that methylation of some nonpromoter sequences may be required for MGMT gene expression. In contrast, both hMSH6 mRNA and protein levels were increased by 5-azadeoxycytidine treatment of an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-resistant variant that did not express detectable hMSH6, which implies that this gene was transcriptionally silenced by cytosine methylation. This could be substantiated by in vitro modification of the CpG sites in the hMSH6 promoter with restriction methylase M.SssI, which abolished the transcription of a reporter gene under its control in a transient transfection assay. Taken together, our data show that treatment with chemical methylating agents alters gene expression patterns through increased CpG methylation of genomic DNA, and thereby permits the emergence and selection of clones that are resistant to these agents due to increased repair or tolerance of O6-methylguanine.
Tuning field depth at high resolution by pupil engineering (2015)

We present a simple comprehensive treatment on the use of free-form optical elements, and of nonuniform optical windows, either for increasing focal depth [by regulating the width of the axial point spread function (PSF)] or for tuning the depth of field [by controlling the influence of focus error on the modulation transfer function (MTF)]. We employ the rising notation of pupil engineering, which incorporates techniques for controlling the spread of the axial PSF, as well as methods for governing the impact of focus errors on the MTF. Our discussion also includes the use of vortex lenses for designing nonconventional optical systems.
Alternative UPT Architectures (2005)

This presentation will focus on architectures for providing UPT service mobility to wireline users. UPT differs from previous IN services in that it involves multiple IN components and requires cooperation between multiple networks. Since there are many ways to deploy the UPT functions across the different physical components, there are multiple architectures for implementing UPT. The alternative architectures result from different decisions about: 1) the types of services to be supported (standardized vs. customized), 2) the SCP(s) which control service delivery (the local SCP vs. the home SCP) and 3) the SSP(s) which are used to deliver the services (the local SSP vs. a home SSP vs. a transit/tandem SSP). This presentation compares these architectures with respect to various criteria: privacy, performance, ease of deploying new services, interworking between networks using different versions of IN, etc. We conclude with a description of the implementation of basic and advanced UPT features in the GTE Laboratories IN Testbed. The testbed switch implements a superset of the Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) Release 0.1 architecture and call model capabilities and is being upgraded to implement a superset of the AIN 0.2 architecture (AIN 0.2+). The five basic UPT features (Access, Identification and Authentication; InCall Registration; InCall Delivery; Outgoing UPT Call; and Outcall. Registration) are being implemented using AIN Release 0.1 enhanced by an external IP that communicates directly with the SCP. Advanced UPT features such as Global Follow-On, Calling Name Delivery, Call Waiting, Three-Way Calling and Call Pick-Up will be implemented using the advanced features AIN 0.2+.
A Genome-Wide Profiling of the Humoral Immune Response to <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Infection Reveals Vaccine Candidate Antigens Expressed in Humans (2010)

A whole genome scale proteome array consisting of 908 open reading frames encoded in Chlamydia trachomatis genome and plasmid was used to profile anti-chlamydial Ab responses. A total of 719 chlamydial proteins was recognized by one or more antisera from 99 women urogenitally infected with C. trachomatis. Revealing such a large C. trachomatis ANTIGENome in humans might partially be attributed to the significantly improved detection sensitivity of the whole genome scale proteome array assay because both linear and conformation-dependent Abs were detected by the array assay. Twenty-seven of the 719 Ags were recognized by >or=50% antisera, thus designated as immunodominant Ags. Comparison of Ag profiles recognized by live chlamydial organism-infected versus dead organism-immunized hosts led to the identification of infection-dependent or in vivo expressed Ags. The infection-dependent Ags induced Abs only in live organism-infected, but not in dead organism-immunized hosts. Many of these Ags were highly expressed during replication, but only minimally packaged into the infectious elementary bodies. Because inactivated whole chlamydial organism-based vaccines failed to induce protection in humans, identification of the infection-dependent or in vivo expressed immunodominant Ags in humans should greatly facilitate the selection of promising chlamydial subunit vaccine candidates for further evaluation. This approach may also be applicable to other pathogens.
Binding of factor VIIIa and factor VIII to factor IXa on phospholipid vesicles. (1992)

The activation of factor X by factor IXa (fIXa) in the presence of phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine (PCPS) vesicles is markedly accelerated by thrombin-activated factor VIII (fVIIIa). The interaction between highly purified fVIIIa and fIXa in this complex was studied fluorometrically at 25 degrees C by using a derivative of D-phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginyl-fIXa which was modified at the active site with fluorescein-5-maleimide (Fl-M-FPR-fIXa). Titration of Fl-M-FPR-fIXa with fVIIIa at fixed PCPS resulted in a large, saturable increase in anisotropy (delta r = 0.09). The titration data were fit to a model assuming a reversible equilibrium between fVIIIa and fIXa, resulting in an apparent dissociation constant of 2 nM and a stoichiometry of 1 mol of fVIIIa/mol of Fl-M-FPR-fIXa. The initial velocity of factor X activation was measured under identical conditions except that active fIXa and factor X were included, which yielded binding parameters similar to those determined fluorometrically. Thus, the fluorescence method accurately reflects complex formation between fVIIIa and fIXa on the phospholipid surface, and the fVIIIa-fIXa interaction is not influenced by the presence of the substrate, factor X. Addition of fVIII to Fl-M-FPR-fIXa and PCPS produced a small, saturable increase in anisotropy (delta r = 0.03), followed by a larger increase (delta r = 0.07) upon addition of thrombin to activate fVIII. Thus, fVIII binds fIXa, but proteolytic modification of fVIII must occur before the complete fVIIIa-dependent structural change in the active site of fIXa, as reflected in the anisotropy change, occurs
Repair of a Bilateral Perineal Hernia in a Dog (1960)

A protein factor which stimulated [3H]thymidine uptake into free hepatocytes prepared from normal mouse liver was detected in the ascitic fluid of gynecological cancer patients. The factor was subsequently further purified from the ascitic fluid of an endometrial cancer patient by DEAE-Sephacel, Sephadex G-150 and Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B column chromatographies, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed a single protein band of 54,000 Da, designated tentatively as 54K ascitic protein (54K-AP). 54K-AP was similar to human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) in terms of SDS-PAGE and immunological behavior, but was slightly different in terms of amino acid sequence and isoelectric point. Although 54K-AP inhibited the activities of bovine trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin as did human alpha 1-AT, 54K-AP inhibited the plasminogen activator released from human endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells more efficiently than alpha 1-AT. Because, in contrast to normal serum, the serum from the endometrial cancer patients stimulated [3H]thymidine uptake into hepatocytes, the possibility arises that 54K-AP could be produced by the cancer host as a defence mechanism against the cancer.
Massive Multimodality, Deception, and Genetic Algorithms. (1992)

The relationship between erythrocyte shape and the critical cell volume was investigated. Agents able to increase the critical cell volume induced three main stable shapes of erythrocytes: discocytic, stomatocytic, and echinocytic. The absence of correlation between shape and critical cell volume under isoosmotic conditions suggests that relative differences between the surface areas of the inner and the outer leaflet of the cell membrane do not influence the critical volume of a cell.
Effect of ammonium sulfate pretreatment on ammonia volatilization after urea fertilization (1999)

Abstract Urea applications to soil are subject to loss by ammonia (NH3) volatilization, unless incorporated. It has been proposed that this loss can be reduced by stimulating populations of soil nitrifiers by an ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] pretreatment two to four weeks before urea application. The objective of this laboratory trial was to evaluate this concept with five diverse soils, two North American Mollisols and three South American Oxisols. The soils were incubated untreated for two weeks, followed by pretreatment with 0 or 5 kg nitrogen (N) ha‐1 as (NH4)2SO4, on a soil surface area basis. After another two weeks of incubation, the soils were treated with the equivalent of 0 or 50 kg N ha‐1 as urea. Ammonia loss was estimated after trapping into phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Ammonium sulfate pretreatment reduced NH3 loss with the two Mollisols and a sandy Oxisol and increased the recovery of the urea application as mineral [ammonium (NH4 +) + nitrate (NO3 ‐)] N in these soils. Little NH3 loss was detected from the two clay Oxisols, and (NH4)2SO4pretreatment did not influence NH3 loss or recovery of urea as mineral N. An example of a cropping system where this concept may have utility is discussed.
Utility of a New Bolus-injectable Nanoparticle for Clinical Cancer Staging (2007)

Ferumoxytol is safe and, at the appropriate circulation interval, modulates nodal signal intensity, allowing for identification of malignant nodal involvement by MRI.
Petrophysical Inversion of Resistivity Logging Data (2000)

Inversion is a powerful tool for interpreting resistivity-logging data in complex situations, such as deep invasion, high conductive shoulders, thin beds, anisotropic formations, and highly deviated and horizontal wells. Inversion also provides a general means to interpret data from earlier, unfocused resistivity tools as well as the new generation of array-type instruments, allowing for accurate delineation of the resistivity structure. Although, in most cases, inversion produces solutions that are consistent with petrophysics and geology, there are occasions where consistency is not achieved. In order to address these inconsistencies, we have developed a petrophysical inversion algorithm that involves gamma ray, neutron, density, acoustic, and resistivity data in a single, unified interpretation process.The steps in the interpretation process consist of estimating bed boundary positions from all available measurements, including gamma ray, neutron, density, and resistivity data, using a weighted inflection point method. Bed boundary positions are then adjusted using the tool response functions associated with the various instruments involved and integrated to produce a consistent set of bed boundaries, which best represents the subsurface geology and lithology. Next, upper and lower bounds for formation resistivity and flushed zone resistivity are estimated using an appropriate water saturation equation. Input for resistivity bound estimation includes shale volume, porosity, as well as the possible range of variation for water saturation, formation water resistivity, and shale resistivity. The resistivity bounds are incorporated into the inversion algorithm via an outside penalty function added to the original objective function of the optimization. The proposed inversion algorithm utilizes a generic objective function including a reference model and data weighting based on uncertainties. Furthermore, a first-order spatial-finite difference operator has been built into the objective function to eliminate unrealistic oscillations in the inversion results. A field case example shows that the proposed inversion process can effectively handle systematic noise in the data caused by borehole washouts and inappropriate bed boundary positioning, and generates petrophysically meaningful inversion results.
Fog Removal from Video Sequences Using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (2009)

The video sequences degraded by fog suffer from poor visibility. In this paper, we present a contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE)-based method to remove fog. CLAHE establishes a maximum value to clip the histogram and redistributes the clipped pixels equally to each gray level. It can limit the noise while enhancing the contrast. First, the background image is extracted from the video sequence. And then the moving pixels are estimated and bounded into foreground images. Second, the foreground and background images are defogged respectively by CLAHE. Third, the foreground and background images are fused into the new frames. Finally, the defogged video sequence is obtained. We experiment with a video sequence degraded by fog to evaluate the effectiveness of our method. And the histogram statistics are applied in comparison with traditional method. The results show that our method is more effective than traditional method. In addition, our method can fill the requirement of real-time.