gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localization and Quantification of Proliferating Cells During Rat Fracture Repair: Detection of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen by Immunohistochemistry (1997)

Bilateral femurs of 12-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fractured, and the fractured femurs were harvested 36 h, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after the fracture. Localization of cell proliferation in the fracture calluses was investigated using immunohistochemistry with antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) monoclonal antibodies. Thirty-six hours after the fracture, many PCNA-positive cells were observed in the whole callus. The change was not limited to mesenchymal cells at the fracture site where the inflammatory reaction had occurred, but extended in the periosteum along almost the entire femoral diaphysis where intramembranous ossification was initiated. On day 3, periosteal cells or premature osteoblasts in the newly formed trabecular bone during intramembranous ossification still displayed intense staining. On day 7, many premature chondrocytes and proliferating chondrocytes were PCNA positive. Endochondral ossification appeared on days 10 and 14, and the premature osteoblasts and endothelial cells in the endochondral ossification front were stained with anti-PCNA antibodies. Quantification of PCNA-positive cells was carried out using an image analysis computer system, obtaining a PCNA score for each cellular event. The highest score was observed in the periosteum early after the fracture near the fracture site. Immunohistochemistry using anti-PCNA antibodies showed that the distribution of proliferating cells and the degree of cell proliferation varied according to the time lag after the fracture, suggesting the existence of local regulatory factors such as growth factors, and that significant cell proliferation was observed at the beginning of each cellular event.
Compressive Sensing of a Taylor-Fourier Multifrequency Model for Synchrophasor Estimation (2015)

Synchrophasor measurements, performed by phasor measurement units (PMUs), are becoming increasingly important for power system network monitoring. Synchrophasor standards define test signals for verification of PMU compliance, and set acceptance limits in each test condition for two performance classes (P and M ). Several PMU algorithms have been proposed to deal with steady-state and dynamic operating conditions identified by the standard. Research and discussion arising from design, implementation, testing and characterization of PMUs evidenced that some disturbances, such as interharmonic interfering signals, can seriously degrade synchrophasor measurement accuracy. In this paper, a new compressive sensing (CS) approach is introduced and applied to synchrophasor measurements using a CS Taylor-Fourier (TF) multifrequency (CSTFM) model. The aim is to exploit, in a joint method, the properties of CS and the TF transform to identify the most relevant components of the signal, even under dynamic conditions, and to model them in the estimation procedure, thus limiting the impact of harmonic and interhamonic interferences. The CSTFM approach is verified using composite tests derived from the test conditions of the synchrophasor standard and simulation results are presented to show its potentialities.
Source authentication in group communication systems (2004)

Many group communication systems need to enforce a restriction that limits members are authorized to send messages to the group. Receivers therefore need to authenticate message sources before the received messages are accepted. Source authentication in peer-to-peer systems is trivial: the two communication parties can agree on one pair key and use this key to authenticate each other. However, because the group key is shared by all members in a group system, it is quite challenging to identify the sender and determine its authorization. Furthermore, if the authorization can be changed at run-time, source authentication problem can be even harder. This paper presents a source authentication technique called TTA scheme (Transitive Trust Authentication). TTA supports source authentication as well as dynamic authorization change. In addition, its computation and communication overhead is low.
Asymmetric synthesis of the cis- and trans-stereoisomers of 4-aminopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid and 4-aminotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid (2004)

The diastereoselective conjugate addition of lithium (S)-N-benzyl-N-[small alpha]-methylbenzylamide has been successfully applied to the first asymmetric syntheses of cis-(3S,4R)- and trans-(3R,4R)-4-aminotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acids (26% and 25% overall yield respectively, >98% d.e. and >97% e.e. in each case). Furthermore, the most efficient asymmetric synthesis to date of cis-(3R,4R)- and trans-(3R,4S)-4-aminopyrrolidine carboxylic acids is delineated: for cis-(3R,4R), four steps, >98% d.e., 52% overall yield; for trans-(3R,4S), five steps, >98% d.e., 50% overall yield.
The Human Obesity Gene Map: The 2003 Update (2004)

This is the tenth update of the human obesity gene map, incorporating published results up to the end of October 2003 and continuing the previous format. Evidence from single-gene mutation obesity cases, Mendelian disorders exhibiting obesity as a clinical feature, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from human genome-wide scans and animal crossbreeding experiments, and association and linkage studies with candidate genes and other markers is reviewed. Transgenic and knockout murine models relevant to obesity are also incorporated (N = 55). As of October 2003, 41 Mendelian syndromes relevant to human obesity have been mapped to a genomic region, and causal genes or strong candidates have been identified for most of these syndromes. QTLs reported from animal models currently number 183. There are 208 human QTLs for obesity phenotypes from genome-wide scans and candidate regions in targeted studies. A total of 35 genomic regions harbor QTLs replicated among two to five studies. Attempts to relate DNA sequence variation in specific genes to obesity phenotypes continue to grow, with 272 studies reporting positive associations with 90 candidate genes. Fifteen such candidate genes are supported by at least five positive studies. The obesity gene map shows putative loci on all chromosomes except Y. Overall, more than 430 genes, markers, and chromosomal regions have been associated or linked with human obesity phenotypes. The electronic version of the map with links to useful sites can be found at http://obesitygene.pbrc.edu.
Microbial Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring and Food Analysis (2011)

A microbial biosensor is an elaborate analytic device that uses microorganisms as recognition elements, mainly for application in environmental monitoring, food safety, military defense, and medicine. The selection and immobilization of microorganisms are key steps that must first be addressed for microbial biosensors. Currently, genetically modified microorganisms play an increasingly significant role in improving the capacity of biosensors. Electrochemical and optical types of transducers have been widely employed in microbial biosensors, although bioluminescence and fluorescence methods have been highlighted recently. Additionally, the microbial fuel cell (MFC), which has been mainly applied in biological oxygen demand (BOD) biosensors, is a promising technology. This article reviews recent developments of microbial biosensors with respect to their applications in environmental monitoring and food analysis, including measurement of a variety of common pollutants, products in fermenting processes, antibiotic residues, and toxins in food. Current limitations and prospective future directions, such as performance optimization, developing portable biosensors for on-site monitoring, combination of genetic and DNA approaches, nanotechnology, and phage-based biosensors for foodborne pathogens, are also discussed in this review.
Resistance, Drug Failure, and Disease Progression (1994)

The clinical significance of the reduced in vitro susceptibility of HIV to antiretroviral agents has been difficult to elucidate for nucleoside analogs such as zidovudine. However, the virological significance of resistance to nevirapine and other HIV-1-specific reverse transcriptase inhibitors has been established. With antiretroviral therapy, disease progression is not equivalent to drug failure, which is not equivalent to drug resistance. Clinical disease progression is only indirectly linked to HIV replication. Drug resistance is complex, and combining drugs does not appear to delay emergence of resistant strains of HIV although it may affect the specific amino acid substitutions. Drug resistance does appear to contribute to drug failure. The clinical trial ACTG 116B/117 found that the duration of prior zidovudine therapy was not related to the relative benefit of switching to didanosine. Preliminary results of analysis of resistant strains of HIV isolated from ACTG 116B/117 patients revealed that the relative hazard of progression was about threefold higher for patients with high-level resistance to zidovu
Tailored and Targeted Health Communication: Strategies for Enhancing Information Relevance (2003)

Health communication programs and materials that succeed in making information relevant to their intended audience will be more effective than those that do not. Tailoring is a proven approach to enhancing message relevance, but not the only approach to do so, and under many circumstances may not be the preferred choice.
Artificial ectomycorrhiza formation on roots of air-layered <i>Pinus densiflora</i> saplings by inoculation with <i>Lyophyllum shimeji</i> (1997)

Saplings of Pinus densiflora were grown using an air-layering procedure which produced roots without mycorrhizal infection. The plants successfully formed ectomycorrhizal roots when planted in clay pots containing inocula of Lyophyllum shimeji mycelia. Light and electron microscope observation of the mycorrhizae showed a hyphal mantle covering the root surface, Hartig nets in the intercellular spaces of the root cortex, and starch grains accumulated in the cells of the vascular cylinder of the roots. Mycelia isolated from the mycorrhizae and incubated for about two mo in pure culture formed fruiting bodies of L. shimeji. Ten months after inoculation, fruiting bodies of L. shimeji formed in a pot with an air layered of P. densiflora sapling.
Cuprammonium-Glycoside Complexes. VIII. The Copper to Diol Combining Ratio<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCuprammonium-Glycoside Complexes. VIII. The Copper to Diol Combining Ratio1RICHARD E. REEVES and PHILIP BRAGGCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 9, 3487–3489Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01067a112https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01067a112research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Time course of smooth muscle cell proliferation after local drug delivery of low-molecular-weight heparin using a porous balloon catheter (1997)

It has been reported previously that systemic application of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) suppresses smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation after balloon angioplasty in experimental studies. However, the high concentration of heparin required for a beneficial effect may cause severe bleeding complications. The ideal situation to overcome the systemic side effects would be to administer LMWH locally and deep into the arterial wall, which became possible by the development of porous balloon catheters. The in vivo feasibility of local delivery of LMWH using the porous balloon has been assessed by delivering tritium-marked LMWH into rabbit carotid arteries. The efficacy of the system was investigated by using a second injury animal model. After development of an intimal plaque by electrical stimulation, 61 rabbits were treated with the porous balloon after balloon angioplasty. In 23 rabbits, local drug delivery was accomplished with a porous balloon catheter (35 holes, hole diameter 75 microns, 2.5 mm catheter diameter). LMWH was locally administered with 4 ml (solution 375 anti-Xa-units/ml) and 2 atm. To study the extent of restenosis and morphological changes, these animals were killed 3, 7, 14, 28, or 56 d after intervention. After staining (hematoxylin, van Gieson, BrdU, RAM 11, alpha-actin) procedures to quantify SMC proliferation, intimal macrophages and morphological analysis were performed. Porous balloon treatment led to an increase in intimal SMC proliferation rate in the early stage after intervention. However, during the following time period, a significant decrease of the proliferation rate as compared with the animals treated with balloon angioplasty alone could be observed, which resulted in an only moderate increase of the intimal layer after local drug delivery compared with balloon angioplasty alone.
The effect of Grandaxin on lorry drivers. (1975)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>
Development of the Trilateral Flash Cycle System: Part 3: The Design of High-Efficiency Two-Phase Screw Expanders (1996)

An extensive research and development programme carried out at City University, London, has led to an improved level of understanding of how Lysholm twin screw machines may be used to recover power from two-phase flash expansion processes. The mode of operation of such machines is described together with the various types of rotor shapes used. Details are given of a computer simulation of the expansion process which was used to analyse 636 test results. These were obtained from earlier investigations as well as those of the authors and include three different working fluids, varying rotor profiles and sizes and power outputs of 5–850 kW. Good agreement was obtained between predicted and measured performance parameters and statistical analyses of the results indicate that this is unlikely to be improved without the development of more refined methods of two-phase flow analysis than are currently in use. Included in the tests are a set of measurements of pressure-volume changes within the expander carried out by the authors which confirmed a hitherto unappreciated feature of the expansion process. This is the relatively large pressure drop associated with the initial filling of the volume trapped between the rotors and the casing. The analytical technique thus developed was used both to explain the poor results of earlier studies with water expanders and to estimate optimum design performance. It is shown that, when expanding wet organic fluids, adiabatic efficiencies of over 70 per cent may be obtained at outputs of only 25 kW while multi-megawatt outputs are possible from machines no bigger than large compressors with efficiencies of more than 80 per cent. Two-phase screw expanders may be used not only for large-scale power generation in trilateral flash cycle (TFC) systems, but also in place of throttle valves in vapour compression systems to drive screw compressors in sealed ‘expressor’ units. The coefficient of performance of large refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems may thereby be raised by up to approximately 8 per cent.
Frequency-Selective Homodyne Coherent Receiver with an Optical Injection Phase Lock Loop (2008)

The first homodyne coherent receiver with optical injection phase lock loop is reported, achieving phase-error variance of 5x10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> rad <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (1.5MHz linewidth). 10Gb/s ASK data was demodulated with BER<;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> with an equal-power interfering signal at 25GHz offset.
Human Papillomavirus and Genital Warts (2013)

Unknown until the second half of the twentieth century, human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognized as being one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States, accounting for more than one third of the new cases of STIs each year ( http://www.kff.org/womenshealth/1447-std_fs.cfm ). Most HPV infections cause no symptoms, other types can cause genital warts, and still others cause invasive squamous cell anogenital carcinoma. This chapter provides an overview of HPV infection—its transmissibility and epidemiology. It focuses on genital warts in its discussion of the clinical consequences of HPV infection and treatment options. The contribution HPV infection makes to various genital cancers is mentioned, but the screening, diagnosis, and treatments of these conditions are outside the scope of this book.
Plasma zinc level and thymic hormone activity in young cancer patients (1994)

It has been reported that in many neoplastic diseases, including leukemia, alterations in plasma zinc levels may frequently occur, although the causes for such alterations have yet to be clearly defined. Since zinc is required to induce biological activity to thymulin (Zn-FTS), a biochemical defined thymic hormone, and marginal zinc deficiencies may prevent its peripheral biological activation, we investigated the plasma level of zinc and of both active thymulin (Zn-FTS) and total zinc saturable thymulin (Zn-FTS + FTS) in 91 young patients affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at various stages of the disease. It was discovered that the plasma zinc level was reduced at the onset and relapse, whereas in complete remission and in off-therapy it was in the normal range. Total zinc-saturable thymulin concentration did not change during the disease, whereas the active fraction was reduced at the onset and in relapse when compared with values observed in the other stages of the disease or in healthy controls. These data suggest that zinc plasma deficiency is present in ALL patients at the onset and during relapse, and that such a deficiency causes a decrease in the activity of thymulin despite a nearly normal production by the thymus. An impairment of peripheral immune efficiency in ALL patients is commonly found. The existence of positive correlations between zinc or active thymulin and peripheral immunological parameters (phytohemagglutinin [PHA] and concanavalin A [ConA]) at various stages of the disease suggests a link between derangement of peripheral immune function, thymic hormone activity, and zinc failure. These findings, considered together, suggest the possibility of a carefully controlled clinic trial with zinc in ALL patients at the onset and in relapse even in the light of in vitro ineffectiveness of physiological zinc or thymulin concentrations on the duplicative index of human lymphoblastoid cells.
Evaluation of pavement bleeding problem on I-55 in Illinois (1991)

Shortly after construction fat spots began to appear throughout the project on a 3 inch hot mix asphalt (HMA) overlay of an existing PCC pavement. The fat spots appeared to occur at end of truck loads. After time the fat spots developed into potholes and the asphalt appeared to be stripped from the aggregate at the bottom of the potholes. Some rutting and shoving also developed at these fat spots. The objective of this study was to evaluate the HMA and to determine potential causes of these fat spots. The test plan included a visual inspection of the pavement and obtaining core samples from fat spots, adjacent to fat spots and from random locations throughout the project. Rut depth measurements were also obtained. The cores were tested for asphalt content, gradation, void content and slag content. Several of the asphalt mix layers were split in half (resulting in top and bottom halves) and the asphalt content and gradation of each half compared. The asphalt cement from several cores was recovered and the viscosity and penetration determined. The results of this study indicated that the most likely cause of the fat spots was contamination of the HMA with some solvent (likely diesel) during the placement operation.
A Low Neutrophil CD64 Index Is Associated with Sustained Remission During Infliximab Maintenance Therapy (2016)

Neutrophil CD64 index >1 is a significant risk factor for treatment failure during infliximab maintenance therapy.
A comparison of rule-based and positionally constant arrangements of computer menu items (1986)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate user performance under four different menu item arrangements: alphabetic, probability of selection (most popular choices are positioned near the beginning of the list), random, and positionally constant (consistent assignment of individual items to screen positions). During the initial stages of practice, the rule-based approaches produced faster mean search times, but after moderate amounts of practice, the positionally constant arrangement appeared to be most efficient. People seem to remember quite easily the location of items on a display, indicating that positional constancy can be an important factor in increasing the efficiency of the search of computer menus and other displays.
A reinvestigation of the structures for 5‐diazouracil, 5‐diazouridine, 5‐diazo‐2′‐deoxyuridine and certain related derivatives by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1972)

Abstract The structure of 5‐diazouracil and several closely related derivatives have been revised on the basis of pmr spectroscopy. 5‐Diazouracil, 5‐diazouracil hydrate, 5‐diazouracil methanol adduct, 5‐diazouridine and 5‐diazo‐2′‐deoxyuridine have been reassigned the structures 5‐diazopyrimidin‐2,4(3 H )dione (XI), 5‐diazo‐6‐hydroxy‐1,6‐dihydropyrimidin‐2,4(1 H ,3 H ,6 H )dione (XIII), 5‐diazo‐6‐methoxy‐1,6‐dihydropyrimidin‐2,4(1 H ,3 H ,6 H )dione (XII), 1 ‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐ O 5′ ‐6( S )cyclo‐5‐diazo‐1,6‐dihydropyrimidin‐2,4(3 H ,6 H )dione (XVII) and 1‐(2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐ O 5′ ‐6( S )cyclo‐5‐diazo‐1,6‐dihydropyrimidin‐2,4(3 H ,6 H )dione (XIX), respectively. Treatment of XII with dimethylamine resulted in a coupling of the 5‐diazo group with dimethylamine and a concomitant rearomatization of the heterocyclic ring by expulsion of the 6‐methoxy group to furnish 5‐(3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐triazeno)uracil (XIV). A similar reaction of XIX and XVII with dimethylamine furnished the corresponding 5‐(3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐triazeno)derivatives. The effect which certain resonance hybrids of the diazo moiety may exert in reactions of the above hetero‐cycles and the assignment of S configuration at C‐6 for the nucleoside derivatives is also discussed.
Diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis by using PCR with a colorimetric microwell detection assay (1994)

A 5-h, user-friendly PCR assay for the diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis was developed. Reverse transcription and amplification were performed in a one-step reaction using rTth polymerase. Carryover contamination was prevented with dUTP and uracil N-glycosylate. Detection was performed colorimetrically on a microwell titer plate. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 94.7, 97.4, 94.7, and 97.4%, respectively.