gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell entry and antimicrobial properties of eukaryotic cell‐ penetrating peptides (2003)

Antimicrobial drug action is limited by both microbial and host cell membranes. Microbes stringently exclude the entry of most drugs, and mammalian membranes limit drug distribution and access to intracellular pathogens. Recently, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been developed as carriers to improve mammalian cell uptake. Given that CPPs are cationic and often amphipathic, similar to membrane active antimicrobial peptides, it may be possible to use CPP activity to improve drug delivery to microbes. Here, two CPPs, TP10 and pVEC, were found to enter a range of bacteria and fungi. The uptake route involves rapid surface accumulation within minutes followed by cell entry. TP10 inhibited Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus growth, and pVEC inhibited Mycobacterium smegmatis growth at low micromolar doses, below the levels that harmed human HeLa cells. Therefore, although TP10 and pVEC entered all cell types tested, they preferentially damage microbes, and this effect was sufficient to clear HeLa cell cultures from noninvasive S. aureus infection. Also, conversion of the cytotoxicity indicator dye SYTOX Green showed that TP10 causes rapid and lethal permeabilization of S. aureus and pVEC permeabilizes M. smegmatis, but not HeLa cells. Therefore, TP10 and pVEC can enter both mammalian and microbial cells and preferentially permeabilize and kill microbes.
Septic discitis resulting from Escherichia coli urosepsis. (1992)

Septic discitis refers to a primary suppurative process involving the intervertebral disc space and occurs as a result of hematogenous invasion or contamination by pyogenic organisms. A case of septic discitis is described in a 77-year-old woman following an episode of Escherichia coli urosepsis. Despite bed rest, an orthosis, and appropriate antibiotics, the patient ultimately had to undergo surgical disc removal. The diagnosis of septic discitis is often made in the context of other diseases that share common clinical and laboratory findings. Magnetic resonance imaging appears well suited for diagnostic confirmation of septic discitis. Needle biopsy and aspiration results should be used to determine the appropriate choice of antibiotic for this disease process.
Present status of computer simulation at IPP (2003)

The computer center of the Institute of Plasma Physics installed a supercomputer, and almost all computation time is used for simulation studies of plasmas. The status of the simulation is reported. Although particle simulation codes are used to study microscopic phenomena of plasma, they contain a charge-assignment portion that cannot be vectorized because of the recurrence of data. The author proposes an algorithm to vectorize the charge-assignment routine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved efficacy and tolerability of oral deferasirox by twice‐daily dosing for patients with transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassemia (2010)

Twice-daily deferasirox dosing is effective in iron chelation and improves tolerability in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia patients who are unresponsive to or intolerant of once-daily deferasirox. Future studies with greater patient numbers will be required to confirm the results reported herein.
Exogenous shocks to the human sex ratio: the case of September 11, 2001 in New York City (2006)

Our findings support the male fetal loss explanation of the association between exogenous population shocks and the secondary sex ratio.
Using High-Definition maps for precise urban vehicle localization (2016)

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) based localization in the context of Intelligent Transportation Systems, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and ultimately the development of autonomous vehicles often requires accuracy with integrity. Low-cost data fusion algorithms for positioning that integrate GNSS and additional in-vehicle sensor information are able to handle short term GNSS outages and can provide increased availability and accuracy. Challenging are non-line-of-sight effects that are often present in urban areas. As those can hardly be modeled accurately, an unobservable position bias is often introduced which violates the estimated confidence. Therefor, mass-market applicable localization algorithms that mitigate their influence are desired to allow GNSS-based positioning for safety critical applications. With the beginning market introduction of high-definition maps (HD maps) by major map providers, another inexpensive tool to enhance data fusion based localization algorithms is available. Those maps offer means to further improve the accuracy and integrity of vehicle position estimation, especially in challenging urban environments. In this paper, a particle filter based localization algorithm is presented that integrates HD maps, GNSS and vehicle odometry measurements to demonstrate the benefits of HD maps using real world measurements.
Specificity of Chicken (IgY) versus Rabbit (IgG) Antibodies Raised against Cholecystokinin Octapeptide (CCK-8). (1996)

Antibodies produced in chickens (egg yolk Antibody-IgY) and rabbits against CCK-8 TyrSE (a C-terminal extended CCK-version) were compared with respect to their specificity against several modified CCK-sequences by means of radioimmunoassay and spot blot assay. The content of neuronal CCK was determined by using both an "avian" and a "mammalian" RIA. The IC50 values obtained indicate differences between the binding capacity of rabbit and chicken Antibody, respectively. Supported by the data from spot blot assay, it appears, that the avian Antibody binding activity was directed primarily towards short CCK-sequences whereas the longer sequences are less well recognised in contrast to the mammalian antibody. Probably, these differences may be due to characteristics regarding the shape of the molecules (caused also by fixation processes necessary for blotting procedures) as well as to structural differences between avian and mammalian antibodies itself (both antibodies originate from quite different immune systems). By comparing the quantitative CCK data (avian versus mammalian RIA) a significant correlation could be observed. Immunohistochemical studies using avian antibodies revealed a neuronal CCK pattern different from those using rabbit antibodies. These results are discussed on the basis of the specificity studies.
Nitrogen regulation of fatty acids and avermectins biosynthesis in Streptomyces avermitilis (1992)

Fatty acid composition was analysed in the producer of avermectins, Streptomyces avermitilis C-18 grown in chemically defined medium with different nitrogen sources. Significant differences in nitrogen regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis were found in this strain in comparison with other streptomycetes studied so far. This finding could be explained at the level of regulation of branched-chain amino acid metabolism.
Ferromagnetic Tetragonal ${\rm L}1_{0}$-Type MnGa Isotropic Nanocrystalline Microparticles (2013)

This paper reports the structure and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic face-centered tetragonal L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> -type MnGa isotropic nanocrystalline microparticles prepared by high energy ball milling and subsequent annealing. The L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> -type microparticles with a nominal composition of Mn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">56</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">44</sub> size mainly in the range of 10-50 μm, an average crystallite size in the range of 40-62 nm and a Curie temperature of 356°C. Post-annealing had little effect on the particle size and morphology but dramatically increased the hard magnetic properties. As the annealing temperature increased, coercivity <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sup> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> first increased from 4.8 kOe after annealing at 400°C for 20 min, to a maximum value of 6.2 kOe after annealing at 600°C for 20 min, and then decreased after annealing at 650°C. The increase in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sup> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> is attributed to an improvement of crystallinity and chemical ordering of fct δ-MnGa phase while the decrease may be due to a too coarse crystallite size. Remanence M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> remained almost the same, in the range of 41-42 emu/g, for the samples annealed from 400 to 650°C for 20 min. These magnetic properties are comparable to the highest ones reported so far for ferromagnetic fct MnGa films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. After annealing at 700°C for 20 min, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sup> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> decreased to 2.3 kOe and M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> to 10.9 emu/g due to both, an excessive grain growth, and re-precipitation of a nonmagnetic ζ - Mn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> phase. Annealing time increase from 10 to 90 min has little effect (within ~10%) on the magnetic properties for the samples annealed at 550°C.
Politeness Transfer: A Tag and Generate Approach (2020)

Aman Madaan, Amrith Setlur, Tanmay Parekh, Barnabas Poczos, Graham Neubig, Yiming Yang, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Alan W Black, Shrimai Prabhumoye. Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2020.
Measuring the longitudinal evolution of the online anonymous marketplace ecosystem (2015)

February 2011 saw the emergence of Silk Road, the first successful online anonymous marketplace, in which buy-ers and sellers could transact with anonymity properties far superior to those available in alternative online or of-fline means of commerce. Business on Silk Road, pri-marily involving narcotics trafficking, rapidly boomed, and competitors emerged. At the same time, law enforce-ment did not sit idle, and eventually managed to shut down Silk Road in October 2013 and arrest its operator. Far from causing the demise of this novel form of com-merce, the Silk Road take-down spawned an entire, dy-namic, online anonymous marketplace ecosystem, which has continued to evolve to this day. This paper presents a long-term measurement analysis of a large portion of this online anonymous marketplace ecosystem, including 16 different marketplaces, over more than two years (2013– 2015). By using long-term measurements, and combin-ing our own data collection with publicly available pre-vious efforts, we offer a detailed understanding of the growth of the online anonymous marketplace ecosystem. We are able to document the evolution of the types of goods being sold, and assess the effect (or lack thereof) of adversarial events, such as law enforcement operations or large-scale frauds, on the overall size of the economy. We also provide insights into how vendors are diversi-fying and replicating across marketplaces, and how ven-dor security practices (e.g., PGP adoption) are evolving. These different aspects help us understand how tradi-tional, physical-world criminal activities are developing an online presence, in the same manner traditional com-merce diversified online in the 1990s. 1
Ex vivo perfusion of human colon with monoclonal anticolorectal cancer antibodies (1982)

The binding of mouse hybridoma monoclonal antibodies directed against human colon carcinomas was studied using an ex vivo perfusion model of a freshly resected human colon segment containing a carcinoma. Tumor and the surrounding normal bowel is exposed to the putative tumor antigen through an intact vascular system without mechanical or enzymatic cellular alteration. An hour of perfusion was conducted on thirty specimens using five different monoclonal anticolorectal cancer (ACRC) antibodies. Three were gamma 1, one gamma 2A and one was IgM isotype. Control anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies were used to demonstrate absence of nonspecific binding. Our antibody 17-1A bound to the colon cancer in seven of ten trials, but bound to normal colon cells also in four of these trials. The IgM antibody did not bind to anything. The two gamma 1 antibodies that recognize an antigen shed from the surface of the cell did not demonstrate cell binding under conditions of this study, and conditions to detect this will have to be modified. The ex vivo perfusion model as performed in this study can provide a valuable adjunct to evaluate the potential clinical utility for antibody conjugate radiolocalization or therapy of colon cancer.
Introduction to GPU programming for EDA (2009)

Advances in GPU technology have propelled the GPU into arenas far afield from the traditional, isolated roles they have previously played. With hundreds of processing units in a single GPU, substantial speedups can be achieved by harnessing their power to augment the performance of the traditional single- or multi-core CPU on certain compute-intensive applications. However, utilizing the GPU requires both a change in the programmer's traditional algorithmic model as well as a judicious selection of algorithm being used for the problem. This paper reviews the GPU architecture and the tools available to utilize this valuable resource. It also provides insight into the type of problem best suited for the GPU as well as programming styles required to fully harness the power of the GPU. We present examples of specific EDA algorithms that can benefit from GPU acceleration, using both the CUDA and OpenCL environments.
Organ-specific Heparan Sulfate Structural Phenotypes (2009)

The functions of heparan sulfate (HS) depend on the expression of structural domains that interact with protein partners. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) exhibit a high degree of polydispersity in their composition, chain length, sulfation, acetylation, and epimerization patterns. It is essential for the understanding of GAG biochemistry to produce detailed structural information as a function of spatial and temporal factors in biological systems. Toward this end, we developed a set of procedures to extract GAGs from various rat organ tissues and examined and compared HS expression levels using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Here we demonstrate detailed variations in HS GAG chains as a function of organ location. These studies shed new light on the structural variation of GAG chains with respect to average length, disaccharide composition, and expression of low abundance structural epitopes, including unsubstituted amino groups and lyase-resistant oligosaccharides. The data show the presence of a disaccharide with an unsubstituted amino group that is endogenous and widely expressed in mammalian organ tissues.
SYNTHESIS OF 2-AMINO-3,8-DIMETHYLIMIDAZO[4,5-<i>f</i>]QUINOXALINE (Me-IQx), A POTENT MUTAGEN ISOLATED FROM FRIED BEEF (1981)

Abstract A potent mutagen, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (Me-IQx), isolated from fried beef and its 3,7-dimethyl derivative were synthesized from 6-amino-3-methylquinoxa1ine and 6-amino-2-methylquinoxaline, respectively. These compounds showed strong mutagenic activity towards Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in the presence of S9 Mix.
Flow rate of erythrocytes in the capillaries of the lung (1965)

The rate of blood flow in the capillaries of the rabbit lung was investigated by cinematographic methods and found to be 0.75 mm/sec during artificial respiration with air applied with a Starling pump during the filming. Using our measured value for the average capillary length of 68 μ, the average contact time for the erythrocytes is 0.1 sec. If we assume the capillaries to have a length of 100 μ, the contact time would amount to 0.15 ± 0.05 sec. The discrepancy with the saturation time obtained from in vitro experiments is discussed. It is shown that insufflation increases the capillary blood flow in the lungs. blood flow; velocity; rabbit; microcinematography Submitted on February 24, 1964
DUF1220 Dosage Is Linearly Associated with Increasing Severity of the Three Primary Symptoms of Autism (2014)

One of the three most frequently documented copy number variations associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a 1q21.1 duplication that encompasses sequences encoding DUF1220 protein domains, the dosage of which we previously implicated in increased human brain size. Further, individuals with ASD frequently display accelerated brain growth and a larger brain size that is also associated with increased symptom severity. Given these findings, we investigated the relationship between DUF1220 copy number and ASD severity, and here show that in individuals with ASD (n = 170), the copy number (dosage) of DUF1220 subtype CON1 is highly variable, ranging from 56 to 88 copies following a Gaussian distribution. More remarkably, in individuals with ASD CON1 copy number is also linearly associated, in a dose-response manner, with increased severity of each of the three primary symptoms of ASD: social deficits (p = 0.021), communicative impairments (p = 0.030), and repetitive behaviors (p = 0.047). These data indicate that DUF1220 protein domain (CON1) dosage has an ASD-wide effect and, as such, is likely to be a key component of a major pathway underlying ASD severity. Finally, these findings, by implicating the dosage of a previously unexamined, copy number polymorphic and brain evolution-related gene coding sequence in ASD severity, provide an important new direction for further research into the genetic factors underlying ASD.
A Review of Group Systems Theory (2005)

ABSTRACT The ability to see interpersonal and group processes beyond the individual level is an essential skill for group therapists (Crouch, Bloch & Wanlass, 1994 Crouch , E. , Bloch , S. , & Wanlass , J. ( 1994 ). Therapeutic factors: Interpersonal and intrapersonal mechanisms . In A. Fuhriman & G. M. Burlingame (Eds.), Handbook of group psychotherapy: An empirical and clinical synthesis . New York : John Wiley & Sons . [Google Scholar]; Dies, 1994 Dies , R. R. ( 1994 ). Therapist variables in group psychotherapy research . In A. Fuhriman & G. M. Burlingame (Eds.), Handbook of group psychotherapy: An empirical and clinical synthesis . New York : John Wiley & Sons . [Google Scholar]; Fuhriman & Burlingame, 1994 Fuhriman , A. & Burlingame , G. M. ( 1994 ). Group psychotherapy: Research and practice . In A. Fuhriman & G. M. Burlingame (Eds.), Handbook of group psychotherapy: An empirical and clinical synthesis . New York : John Wiley & Sons . [Google Scholar]). In addition to interpersonal therapy models (e.g., Sullivan and Yalom), there are a number of systems theory models that offer a broad array of possibilities for developing group practitioner perspectives beyond individual dynamics. This paper will outline the background and conceptual bases for a number of models that now comprise a category called group systems theory. Group systems theory can provide a variety of directions for innovations in group research and practice.
A Proposal for an Extended Form of Type Checking of Expressions (1983)

This paper proposes a method for incorporation of the scientific notion of a system of measurement units into programming languages. A method proposed in a previous paper on this topic is first discussed and found to be seriously flawed. We find also that the earlier method must rely on run-time checking in order to allow certain desirable language features, whereas the method proposed here is completely implemented at compile-time, and permits improved program self-documentation, and is clearly more compatible with the spirit of Pascal, the language chosen for this exposition. Further, the actions expected of the compiler are very modest indeed, and a suggested implementation method is given.
Nanoparticle‐Based Drug Delivery for Therapy of Lung Cancer: Progress and Challenges (2013)

The last decade has witnessed enormous advances in the development and application of nanotechnology in cancer detection, diagnosis, and therapy culminating in the development of the nascent field of “cancer nanomedicine.” A nanoparticle as per the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines is any material that is used in the formulation of a drug resulting in a final product smaller than 1 micron in size. Nanoparticle‐based therapeutic systems have gained immense popularity due to their ability to overcome biological barriers, effectively deliver hydrophobic therapies, and preferentially target disease sites. Currently, many formulations of nanocarriers are utilized including lipid‐based, polymeric and branched polymeric, metal‐based, magnetic, and mesoporous silica. Innovative strategies have been employed to exploit the multicomponent, three‐dimensional constructs imparting multifunctional capabilities. Engineering such designs allows simultaneous drug delivery of chemotherapeutics and anticancer gene therapies to site‐specific targets. In lung cancer, nanoparticle‐based therapeutics is paving the way in the diagnosis, imaging, screening, and treatment of primary and metastatic tumors. However, translating such advances from the bench to the bedside has been severely hampered by challenges encountered in the areas of pharmacology, toxicology, immunology, large‐scale manufacturing, and regulatory issues. This review summarizes current progress and challenges in nanoparticle‐based drug delivery systems, citing recent examples targeted at lung cancer treatment.
Membrane based electrostatic precipitation (2001)

Legislation from the US EPA aimed at governing the release of particles smaller than 2.5 mm into the atmosphere will have a major impact on coal-fired power plants across the USA. Researchers lead by Professor Hajrudin Pasic at Ohio University have come up with a unique design for wet and dry electrostatic precipitators (ESP) that relies on membrane technology to efficiently capture small particles. In this article, some recent results related to particle collection and removal efficiencies, selection of membrane materials and other relevant issues, as well as comparisons with existing ESP technologies are presented.