gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security in embedded systems (2004)

Many modern electronic systems---including personal computers, PDAs, cell phones, network routers, smart cards, and networked sensors to name a few---need to access, store, manipulate, or communicate sensitive information, making security a serious concern in their design. Embedded systems, which account for a wide range of products from the electronics, semiconductor, telecommunications, and networking industries, face some of the most demanding security concerns---on the one hand, they are often highly resource constrained, while on the other hand, they frequently need to operate in physically insecure environments.Security has been the subject of intensive research in the context of general-purpose computing and communications systems. However, security is often misconstrued by embedded system designers as the addition of features, such as specific cryptographic algorithms and security protocols, to the system. In reality, it is a new dimension that designers should consider throughout the design process, along with other metrics such as cost, performance, and power.The challenges unique to embedded systems require new approaches to security covering all aspects of embedded system design from architecture to implementation. Security processing, which refers to the computations that must be performed in a system for the purpose of security, can easily overwhelm the computational capabilities of processors in both low- and high-end embedded systems. This challenge, which we refer to as the "security processing gap," is compounded by increases in the amounts of data manipulated and the data rates that need to be achieved. Equally daunting is the "battery gap" in battery-powered embedded systems, which is caused by the disparity between rapidly increasing energy requirements for secure operation and slow improvements in battery technology. The final challenge is the "assurance gap," which relates to the gap between functional security measures (e.g., security services, protocols, and their constituent cryptographic algorithms) and actual secure implementations. This paper provides an introduction to the challenges involved in secure embedded system design, discusses recent advances in addressing them, and identifies opportunities for future research.
Interwell Hydraulic Fracture Interaction Between Multistage Stimulated Wells and a Multi Zone Slant Open Hole Observation Well Placed in the Canadian Horn River Basin (2016)

Abstract This paper presents well construction details and pressure responses for a slant well in a dry gas shale resource in northern British Columbia, Canada. We will present the drilling and completions plan for a Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing (MSHF) campaign on a ten well half pad including consequences of an aggressive fluid environment. Horn River shale gas development involves Multi-well MSHF horizontal wells from a single surface pad location. The wells are treated sequentially from toe to heel of the horizontal section, alternating between wells. Strategic placement of an Open Hole (OH) slant well equipped with slotted liner, tubing, and pressure data recorders will be presented. Pressure responses during the MSHF campaign will be presented and reviewed against calibrated closure pressure data from Diagnostic Fracture Injection Test (DFIT) data and end of job instantaneous shut-in pressures (ISIP). The initial concept of drilling an OH well placed between MSHF wells was to evaluate the fracture system between stimulated wells and to test whether an unstimulated open hole well placed between stimulated wells can economically produce gas. Other objectives were to provide an Oil Based drilling Mud (OBM) free wellbore that would enable water-based imaging logs. Water-based logs have enhanced ability to identify and map natural fractures. Initial logs would evaluate the natural fractures and subsequent post-completion logs would evaluate the hydraulic fracture transiting the shale resource rock to the OH well. Knowledge of how pre-existing natural fracture networks react to the hydraulic fracture process along with pressure response data recorded from all wells on the pad would be used to provide geoscientists and engineers the means to optimize stimulation programs for horizontal wells and wellbore placement within the various resource reservoirs in the Horn River Basin. This paper will discuss the compromises that were made to the initial conceptual model that maximized learnings from the slant OH wellbore, and how the well was unexpectedly lost. Pressure interference data for future hydraulic fracturing models will be provided along with methods to describe how hydraulic fractures from nearby wells transect a well and interact with various reservoirs exposed within the OH segment of a slant wellbore.
Protective and Enhancing HLA Alleles, HLA-DRB1*0901 and HLA-A*24, for Severe Forms of Dengue Virus Infection, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome (2008)

This study improves our understanding of the risk of HLA-class I for severe outcome of DV infection in the light of peptide anchor binding site and provides novel evidence that HLA-class II may control disease severity (DHF to DSS) in DV infection.
THE PRODUCTION OF EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE BY THE UNICELLULAR RED ALGA<i>PORPHYRIDIUM AERUGINEUM</i><sup>1,</sup><sup>2</sup> (1972)

SUMMARY The unicellular red alga Porphyridium aerugineum was shown to be encapsulated by an amorphous, water‐soluble, polyanionic polysaccharide of high molecular weight. The encapsulating polysaccharide is qualitatively identical with polysaccharide found dissolved in large quantity in the culture medium. The kinetics of extracellular polysaccharide production as a function of cell age was studied. Rates of production (on a per cell basis) of both encapsulating and dissolved polysaccharides are greatest in stationary phase light‐grown cultures. Dissolved polysaccharide was quantitatively isolated by precipitation with cetyl pyridinium chloride, conversion to the calcium salt, and reprecipitation with ethanol. The procedure yields a spectrally pure product, which is composed of glucose, galactose, xylose, and 2 undetermined, sugar components, and has a sulfate content of 7.6% by weight. Electron microscopy of Porphyridium revealed that Golgi vesicles transport, polymerized polysaccharides to and through the cell membrane. Similar vesicles were observed in the multicellular Pseudogloiophloea , indicating that the Golgi complex plays a crucial role in the production of extracellular polysaccharides by the red algae. H 14 CO 3 ‐ pulse‐label experiments resulted in labeled extracellular polysaccharide in which all the constituent components contained 14 C. Rates of excretion of polysaccharide were found, to follow a cyclic pattern, correlated generally with the division cycle, of the cell.
Cardiac Safety of Methylphenidate Versus Amphetamine Salts in the Treatment of ADHD (2009)

OBJECTIVES: Safety concerns about central nervous system stimulants for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) include adverse cardiac effects. This study aimed to compare the risk for cardiac events in users of methylphenidate and amphetamine salts. METHODS: A retrospective cohort design using claims data from the Florida Medicaid fee-for-service program representing a total of 2131953 children and adolescents was used. The analysis included all beneficiaries who were between 3 and 20 years of age, enrolled between July 1994 and June 2004, had at least 1 physician diagnosis of ADHD and were newly started on methylphenidate or amphetamine salts. Each month of follow-up was classified according to stimulant use into current use or former use. We defined cardiac events as first emergency department (ED) visit for cardiac disease or symptoms. Risk between current users of methylphenidate versus amphetamine salts and former users of drugs in these categories was compared by using a time-dependent Cox proportional hazard model that adjusted for differences in gender; race; age; year of the index date; disability; congenital anomalies; history of circulatory disease; history of hospital admission; and use of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and bronchodilators. RESULTS: A total of 456 youth visited the ED for cardiac reasons during 52783 years of follow-up. After adjustment for differences in covariates, the risk for cardiac ED visits was similar among current users of methylphenidate or amphetamines. Periods of former use had a similar risk between youth with an exposure history to methylphenidate or amphetamine. CONCLUSION: Exposure to methylphenidate and amphetamines salts showed similar risk for cardiac ED visits. Additional population-based studies that address manifestation of serious heart disease, especially after long-term use, dosage comparisons, and interactions with preexisting cardiac risk factors are needed to inform psychiatric treatment decisions.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HSP60 MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS AND CISPLATIN RESISTANCE IN HUMAN HEAD AND NECK-CANCER CELL-LINES (1994)

Development of resistance to cisplatin (cDDP) is a major obstacle in the cure of many cancers. Recently, a cDNA from cDDP-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells was identified as the mitochondrial hsp60 chaperonin. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in expression of hsp60 during selection for cDDP resistance in two head and neck cancer cell lines, UMSCC5 and UMSCC10b and whether the emergence of resistance could be correlated with the level of hsp60 expression. We have selected cDDP-resistant variants of two squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, the UMSCC5 and UMSCC10b with levels of resistance varying from 1.5 to 6-fold. Concomitant with the emergence of resistance, the basal level of hsp60 increased 2 to 3-fold. In addition, less cDDP resistance as well as lower hsp60 levels were detected in cDDP resistant variants of the UMSCC10b cell line when selected in the presence of tamoxifen, suggesting a correlation between the intrinsic level of hsp60 expression and cDDP resistance. Using linear regression analysis both UMSCC5 and UMSCC10b cell lines demonstrated a high degree of correlation with coefficients of 0.91 and 0.90, respectively. In conclusion, the expression of hsp60 was closely related to the development of cDDP resistance and could be used as a marker for the emergence of cDDP resistance.
Visual decision-making (1995)

ABSTRACT The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a decision-making method based upon division of problem spaces into hierarchies, is visualized through the use of treemaps, which pack large amounts of hierarchical information into small screen spaces. Two direct manipulation tools, presented metaphorically as a “pump” and a “hook,” were developed and applied to the treemap to support AHP sensitivity analysis. The problem of construction site selection is considered in this video. Apart from its traditional use for problem/information space visualization, the treemap also serves as a potent visual tool for “what if’ type analysis.
Coherence time of decoupled nuclear spins in silicon (2005)

We report NMR experiments using high-power rf decoupling techniques to show that a $^{29}\mathrm{Si}$ nuclear spin in a solid silicon crystal at room temperature can preserve quantum phase for ${10}^{9}$ precessional periods. The coherence times we report are more than four orders of magnitude longer than for any other observed solid-state qubit. We also examine coherence times using magic-angle-spinning techniques and in isotopically altered samples. In high-quality crystals, coherence times are limited by residual dipolar couplings and can be further improved by isotopic depletion. In defect-heavy samples, we provide evidence for decoherence limited by a noise process unrelated to the dipolar coupling. The nonexponential character of these data is compared to a theoretical model for decoherence due to the same charge trapping mechanisms responsible for $1∕f$ noise. These results provide insight into proposals for solid-state nuclear-spin-based quantum memories and quantum computers based on silicon.
Retrieval of DNA Using Soft-Landing after Mass Analysis by ESI-FTICR for Enzymatic Manipulation (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTRetrieval of DNA Using Soft-Landing after Mass Analysis by ESI-FTICR for Enzymatic ManipulationBingbing Feng, David S. Wunschel, Christophe D. Masselon, Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic, and Richard D. SmithView Author Information Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 38, 8961–8962Publication Date (Web):September 10, 1999Publication History Received9 July 1999Published online10 September 1999Published inissue 1 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9923888https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9923888rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Genetics,Ions,Mass spectrometry,Membranes Get e-Alerts
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth correct the immune imbalance of allergic rhinitis via Treg cells in vivo and in vitro (2019)

These results suggest that SHEDs could correct the CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell immune imbalance via Treg cells and may be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of allergic diseases, such as AR, in the future.
Making sense of measurement geometries for multi‐angle spectrophotometers (2011)

Abstract We have developed new parameters that help to interpret multi‐angle reflection data. By expressing measurement geometries in terms of so‐called flake‐based parameters, a physical explanation is given for several well‐known colorimetric characteristics of effect coatings. The new concepts are based on expressing angles with respect to the normal vector of flakes, instead of the conventional usage of the coating normal as a reference. We discuss and give physical explanations for the usefulness and limitations of previously defined concepts such as aspecular angle, cis‐ versus trans‐geometries, interference lines and aspecular lines. For example, it is known that the trans‐15° geometry has added value next to the cis+15° geometry when samples are analyzed that contain colored effect pigments with large color travel, such as Colorstream, Chromaflair, or chromatic Xirallic pigments. Our results demonstrate and explain why there is much less added value in the case of samples that contain less striking chromatic effect pigments, such as metallic or mica‐based effect pigments, or “white” Xirallic pigments. Further, interference lines are shown to be suitable for characterizing effect pigments because they selectively sample the reflectance values of flakes as a function of the angle of incidence with respect to the flake normal. In another example, the similarity between an off‐plane measurement geometry and several in‐plane geometries is investigated. The results are clearly explained when referring to the corresponding values of the flake‐based parameters. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012
Single-Cell Ecophysiology of Microbes as Revealed by Raman Microspectroscopy or Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Imaging (2009)

An astonishing diversity of microorganisms thrives on our planet and their activities are fundamental for the functioning of all ecosystems including the human body. Consequently, detailed insights into the functions performed by microorganisms in their natural environment are required to understand human biology and the biology of the world around us and to lay the foundations for targeted manipulation of microbial communities. Isotope-labeling techniques combined with molecular detection tools are frequently used by microbial ecologists to directly link structure and function of microbial communities and to monitor metabolic properties of uncultured microbes at the single-cell level. However, only the recent combination of such techniques with Raman microspectroscopy or secondary ion mass spectrometry enables functional studies of microbes on a single-cell level by using stable isotopes as labels. This review provides an overview of these new techniques and their applications in microbial ecology, which allow us to investigate the ecophysiology of uncultured microbes to an extent that was unimaginable just a few years ago.
The Development of Electronic Markets in Logistics (1999)

Logistics integration through market systems is the coming revolution in supply chain management. A number of systems have been attempted facilitating documentation exchange, matching of supply and demand, and providing other essential links and information. However, such systems have had limited success raising important questions about whether a truly useful global system can be developed. In this article, we conceptualize development of an all‐inclusive system termed the Logistics Brokerage System.
Diisobutylaluminium Hydride (DIBAL‐H) Promoted Secondary Rim Regioselective Demethylations of Permethylated β‐Cyclodextrin: A Mechanistic Proposal (2010)

Abstract Diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL‐H) promotes secondary rim regioselective bis‐de‐ O ‐methylation at the 2 A ‐ and 3 B ‐positions of permethylated β‐cyclodextrin. This result contrasts with the selective bis‐de‐ O ‐benzylation of perbenzylated cyclodextrins in which regioselective deprotection occurs at the primary rim. To gain an insight into the mechanism of this remarkable contrasting behavior, the two corresponding permethylated cyclodextrins with an alcohol function at either the 2‐ or 3‐position were synthesized. The cyclodextrin with the alcohol at the 3‐position reacts withDIBAL‐H to afford the 2 A ,3 B ‐diol whereas the cyclodextrin with the alcohol at the 2‐position is unreactive. This observation allows us to propose a mechanism for the demethylation reaction that involves for each demethylation step two molecules of aluminium reagent, in accord with the previous hypothesis on the debenzylation reaction. The second demethylation step appears to be faster than the first, the coordination of aluminium now being an intramolecular process.
Antigen-induced suppression: The role of Class I major histocompatibility antigens (1985)

The role of Class I major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens in the induction of specific suppression of graft rejection has been investigated. Two experimental transplantation models have been used - fully vascularized heterotopic cardiac allografts in the mouse and fully vascularized orthotopic renal allografts in the rat. Preparations of cells expressing Class I MHC antigens, for example highly purified preparations of rat erythrocytes or platelets or mouse L cells (H2k) transfected with the D locus Class I gene of the b haplotype, LDb-1 cells, were used to pretreat recipients prior to transplantation. The function of the allograft was monitored in order to assess any beneficial effects induced by Class I MHC antigens. The results obtained implicate Class I MHC as important in the induction of specific immunosuppression of vascularized allograft rejection.
Overview of chemical vapor infiltration (1993)

Chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) is developing into a commercially important method for the fabrication of continuous filament ceramic composites. Current efforts are focused on the development of an improved understanding of the various processes in CVI and its modeling. New approaches to CVI are being explored, including pressure pulse infiltration and microwave heating. Material development is also proceeding with emphasis on improving the oxidation resistance of the interfacial layer between the fiber and matrix. This paper briefly reviews these subjects, indicating the current state of the science and technology.
A Modified Adaptive Logical Level Binarization Technique for Historical Document Images (2009)

In this paper, a new document image binarization technique is presented, as an improved version of the state-of-the-art adaptive logical level technique (ALLT). The original ALLT depends on fixed windows to extract essential features such as the character stroke width. Since characters with several different stroke widths may exist within a region, this can lead to erroneous results. In our approach, we use local adaptive binarization as a guide to our adaptive stroke width detection. The skeleton and the contour points of the binarization output are combined to identify locally the stroke width. Additionally, we introduce an adaptive local parameter ldquobetardquo that enhances the characters and improves the overall performance. In this way, we achieve more accurate binarization results in both handwritten and printed documents with a particular focus on degraded historical documents. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed technique compared to other state-of-the-art methodologies.
An Efficient Direct Approach to Visual SLAM (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The majority of visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approaches consider feature correspondences as an input to the joint process of estimating the camera pose and the scene structure. In this paper, we propose a new approach for simultaneously obtaining the correspondences, the camera pose, the scene structure, and the illumination changes, all directly using image intensities as observations. Exploitation of all possible image information leads to more accurate estimates and avoids the inherent difficulties of reliably associating features. We also show here that, in this case, structural constraints can be enforced within the procedure as well (instead of <emphasis emphasistype="italic">a posteriori</emphasis>), namely the cheirality, the rigidity, and those related to the lighting variations. We formulate the visual SLAM problem as a nonlinear image alignment task. The proposed parameters to perform this task are optimally computed by an efficient second-order approximation method for fast processing and avoidance of irrelevant minima. Furthermore, a new solution to the visual SLAM initialization problem is described whereby no assumptions are made about either the scene or the camera motion. Experimental results are provided for a variety of scenes, including urban and outdoor ones, under general camera motion and different types of perturbations. </para>