gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Hydrolysis of Endosperm Protein in <i>Zea mays</i> (1974)

Degradation of the major storage proteins in maize endosperm, zein and glutelin, begins during the 2nd day of germination. The protein most abundant in the mature endosperm is degraded most rapidly. The patterns of protein loss are essentially similar in germinating seeds and excised endosperms. Cycloheximide, added at the beginning of the incubation period, prevents the development of alpha-amylase and protease activities and the disappearance of starch and protein reserves. Late additions (70 hours) of cycloheximide still inhibit the increase in hydrolase activity but have no effect on the hydrolysis of storage reserves. The results indicate that the hydrolytic enzymes are synthesized de novo in the maize endosperm.
Evolution of a quality testing program for improving malting barley in Canada (2014)

Edney, M. J., MacLeod, A. L. and LaBerge, D. E. 2014. Evolution of a quality testing program for improving malting barley in Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 535–544. The quality of Canadian malting barley has continually improved since malt barley was exported in the late 1800s. Improvements were linked to a dynamic evaluation system that evolved with a better understanding of malting biochemistry and as suitable methods were developed. Methods became more accurate and more specific in their ability to define quality. They progressed from sensory evaluation, to surmising malt quality from barley protein levels, to the first micro-maltings followed by automated laboratory-scale maltings. Malt quality analysis started simply with malt extract and diastatic power followed by wort protein. As the necessity for cell wall breakdown became better understood, analyses like wort viscosity, fine/coarse grind extract differences and wort β-glucan were adopted. A continuum of cultivars were released in Canada, based on this evaluation system, starting with the six-rowed releases OAC 21, then Montcalm and Bonanza, followed by the two-rowed releases Betzes, Klages, Harrington and AC Metcalfe. Release of future cultivars will depend on an evolving evaluation system that could include; barley homogeneity, specific starch-degrading enzymes, individual amino acids and specific traits such as low lipoxygenase and low phytic acid barley. The result will be development and release of cultivars with better defined quality that can fill specialized niches in the malting and brewing industries of the future.
On time warping and the random delay channel (1979)

Channels (i.e., operators) are studied that produce time warping, or delay modulation, in signals passing through them, and many interesting properties of these channels are developed. It is shown that a first-in first-out (FIFO) assumption for such channels is compelling on physical grounds and vastly simplifies ensuing analysis. Two descriptions of the channel, the "send-delay" and "receive-delay" functions, are compared, and it is shown that one is precisely the shape needed to equalize or unwarp signals warped by the other. A series expansion for time-warped signals is developed, and the unitary nature of the warp operators is exploited to generate rich sets of orthonormal signals. The random time-warp channel is then analyzed, and certain statistics such as the autocorrelation function of the output signals are developed, along with conditions on their stationarity. Finally, optimum linear filters for extracting a signal from a noisy and time-warped version are derived and compared with some previous results.
Panda: a system for provenance and data (2010)

Panda (for Provenance and Data) is a new project whose goal is to develop a general-purpose system that unifies concepts from existing provenance systems and overcomes some limitations in them. Panda is designed for data-oriented workflows, fully integrating data-based and process-based provenance. Panda's provenance model will support a full range from fine-grained to coarse-grained provenance. Panda will provide a set of built-in operators for exploiting provenance after it has been captured, and an ad-hoc query language over provenance together with data. The processing nodes in Panda's workflows can vary from well-understood relational transformations, to semi-opaque transformations with a few known properties, to fully-opaque black boxes. A theme in Panda is to take advantage of transformation knowledge when present, but to degrade gracefully when less information is available. Panda yields interesting optimization problems, including data caching decisions and eager vs. lazy provenance capture. This paper is largely an overview of motivation and plans for the project, with some material on current progress and results.
Association of the myeloperoxidase -463G-->a polymorphism with lung cancer risk. (2000)

Myeloperoxidase, which is released from neutrophils in response to various pulmonary insults including tobacco smoke, is suspected to play a carcinogenic role in the lung. A G-to-A substitution polymorphism in the promoter region of the MPO gene has been suggested in in vitro studies to decrease gene transcription. We tested the association of this polymorphism with lung cancer in a population-based case-control study of 323 cases and 437 controls of Caucasian, Japanese, or Native Hawaiian ancestry in Hawaii. We found a marked difference in the frequency of the variant A allele among Caucasians (26%), Japanese (17%), and Hawaiians (13%). Overall, the variant allele was somewhat less frequent in cases than controls (P = 0.13). Individuals with the A/A genotype were found to be at a 50% decreased risk compared to those with two G alleles (95% confidence interval, 0.2-1.3). Although not statistically significant, this inverse association was suggested in both sexes and two of the three ethnic groups studied. Heterozygotes were at no decreased risk. Further work needs to clarify the functional relevance of the A allele in vivo and to confirm the inverse association of the A/A genotype with lung cancer in large epidemiological studies.
Carbon Anode Materials for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries (2017)

Abstract The ever‐increasing demand of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) caused by the rapid development of various electronics and electric vehicles will be hindered by the limited lithium resource. Thus sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as a promising potential alternative for LIBs owing to the abundant sodium resource and similar electrochemical performances. In recent years, significant achievements regarding anode materials which restricted the development of SIBs in the past decades have been attained. Significantly, the sodium storage feasibility of carbon materials with abundant resource, low cost, nontoxicity and high safety has been confirmed, and extensive investigation have demonstrated that the carbonaceous materials can become promising electrode candidates for SIBs. In this review, the recent progress of the sodium storage performances of carbonaceous materials, including graphite, amorphous carbon, heteroatom‐doped carbon, and biomass derived carbon, are presented and the related sodium storage mechanism is also summarized. Additionally, the critical issues, challenges and perspectives are provided to further understand the carbonaceous anode materials.
Testability Analysis of Data-Flow Software (2005)

This paper is about testability analysis for data-flow software. We describe an application of the SATAN method, which allows testability of data-flow designs to be measured, to analyze testability of the source code of critical data-flow software, such as avionics software. We first propose the transformation of the source code generated from data-flow designs into the Static Single Assignment (SSA) form; then we describe the algorithm to automatically translate the SSA form into a testability model. Thus, analyzing the testability model can allow the detection of the software parts which induce a testability weakness.
Nondestructive optical determination of fiber organization in intact myocardial wall (2008)

Mapping the myocardial fiber organization is important for assessing the electrical and mechanical properties of normal and diseased hearts. Current methods to determine the fiber organization have several limitations: histological sectioning mechanically distorts the tissue and is labor-intensive, while diffusion tensor imaging has low spatial resolution and requires expensive MRI scanners. Here, we utilized optical clearing, a fluorescent dye, and confocal microscopy to create three-dimensional reconstructions of the myocardial fiber organization of guinea pig and mouse hearts. We have optimized the staining and clearing procedure to allow for the nondestructive imaging of whole hearts with a thickness up to 3.5 mm. Myocardial fibers could clearly be identified at all depths in all preparations. We determined the change of fiber orientation across strips of guinea pig left ventricular wall. Our study confirms the qualitative result that there is a steady counterclockwise fiber rotation across the ventricular wall. Quantitatively, we found a total fiber rotation of 105.7+/-14.9 degrees (mean+/-standard error of the mean); this value lies within the range reported by previous studies. These results show that optical clearing, in combination with a fluorescent dye and confocal microscopy, is a practical and accurate method for determining myocardial fiber organization.
A terrain‐based watershed information system (1989)

Abstract A framework for a watershed information system is presented in which the topology of the drainage basin is closely followed in the data structure. The topography is partitioned into a set of subcatchments and hillslopes that are organized around the drainage network, automatically extracted and defined from standard digital elevation data. A set of recursive algorithms perform the actual topographic feature extraction and synthesis into a full basin model, and also serve as the basis for processing registered information. The techniques are particularly well suited to support and parameterize distributed components runoff models as full hydrologic connectivity throughout the basin is explicitly defined. Full scale flexibility in terms of the representation of the topography and aggregation of physical units is achieved by the recursive nature of the data stucture, allowing straightforward translation between scales and the investigation and choice of the appropriate scale for various hydrologic applications.
Quantum Tomography with Phase Space Measurements (2012)

This thesis addresses the use of covariant phase space observables in quantum\ntomography. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the informational completeness\nof covariant phase space observables are proved, and some state\nreconstruction formulae are derived. Different measurement schemes for measuring\nphase space observables are considered. Special emphasis is given to the\nquantum optical eight-port homodyne detection scheme and, in particular, on\nthe effect of non-unit detector efficiencies on the measured observable. It is\nshown that the informational completeness of the observable does not depend\non the efficiencies.\n\nAs a related problem, the possibility of reconstructing the position and\nmomentum distributions from the marginal statistics of a phase space observable\nis considered. It is shown that informational completeness for the phase space\nobservable is neither necessary nor sufficient for this procedure. Two methods\nfor determining the distributions from the marginal statistics are presented.\nFinally, two alternative methods for determining the state are considered.\nSome of their shortcomings when compared to the phase space method are\ndiscussed.
Energy-efficient multicore chip design through cross-layer approach (2013)

Traditional multi-core designs, based on the Network-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm, suffer from high latency and power dissipation as the system size scales up due to the inherent multi-hop nature of communication. Introducing long-range, low power, and high-bandwidth, single-hop links between far apart cores can significantly enhance the performance of NoC fabrics. In this paper, we propose design of a small-world network based NoC architecture with on-chip millimeter (mm)-wave wireless links. The millimeter wave small-world NoC (mSWNoC) is capable of improving the overall latency and energy dissipation characteristics compared to the conventional mesh-based counterpart. The mSWNoC helps in improving the energy dissipation, and hence the thermal profile, even further in presence of network-level dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) without incurring any additional latency penalty.
The Disruption of a Gene Encoding a Putative Arylesterase Impairs Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Activity and Nitrogen Fixation in <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> (2001)

Nitrogen-fixing Sinorhizobium meliloti cells depend upon dicarboxylic acids as carbon and energy sources. The metabolism of these intermediate compounds of the trichloroacetic acid cycle is dependent upon the availability of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA). In bacteroids, the combined activities of malic enzymes and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) have been proposed to be responsible for the anaplerotic synthesis of acetyl-CoA. We obtained a S. meliloti mutant strain, PD3, in which a Tn5 insertion led to a significant decrease in the overall PDH activity. The genetic characterization of this mutant revealed that the transposon is located at the 3' end of a gene (ada) encoding a putative arylesterase. The mutant PD3 is deficient in nitrogen fixation, which strengthens the physiological importance of PDH activity in the symbiosis of S. meliloti with alfalfa plants.
An Overview of Sigma-Delta Converters: How a 1-bit ADC achieves more than 16-bit resolution (1996)

This article briefly describes conventional A/D conversion, as well as its performance modeling. We then look at the technique of oversampling, which can be used to improve the resolution of classical A/D methods. We discuss how sigma-delta converters use the technique of noise shaping in addition to oversampling to allow high resolution conversion of relatively low bandwidth signals. Next, we examine the use of sigma-delta converters to convert narrowband bandpass signals with high resolution. Several parallel sigma-delta converters, which offer the potential of extending high resolution conversion to signals with higher bandwidths, are also described.
Transparent ferroelectric ceramics—recent trends and status QUO (1992)

Abstract Technology, composition, studies of physical properties and possible application of transparent ferroelectric ceramics are reviewed in terms of modern trends in advanced ceramics technology, and the physics of ferroelectricity and optoelectronics. An attempt is made to classify specific and common features of the TFC.
Toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (1990)

Harvard Medical School and the New England Deaconess Hospital, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Current Opinion in Rheumatology 1990, 2:481-488
Learning Unsupervised Hierarchical Part Decomposition of 3D Objects From a Single RGB Image (2020)

Humans perceive the 3D world as a set of distinct objects that are characterized by various low-level (geometry, reflectance) and high-level (connectivity, adjacency, symmetry) properties. Recent methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) demonstrated impressive progress in 3D reconstruction, even when using a single 2D image as input. However, the majority of these methods focuses on recovering the local 3D geometry of an object without considering its part-based decomposition or relations between parts. We address this challenging problem by proposing a novel formulation that allows to jointly recover the geometry of a 3D object as a set of primitives as well as their latent hierarchical structure without part-level supervision. Our model recovers the higher level structural decomposition of various objects in the form of a binary tree of primitives, where simple parts are represented with fewer primitives and more complex parts are modeled with more components. Our experiments on the ShapeNet and D-FAUST datasets demonstrate that considering the organization of parts indeed facilitates reasoning about 3D geometry.
Gel Permeation Chromatography Coupled to Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry for Polymer Characterization (1999)

We report an on-line coupling of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) using a modified commercial electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. Selected oligomer profiles for the sodiated (1+ through 5+ charge states) oligomer ions of a narrow-molecular-weight poly(methyl methacrylate) were generated and used for obtaining a calibration curve. Using the MS-generated calibration curve and the refractive index response for quantification, an accurate molecular weight distribution was calculated and showed an excellent agreement with the value specified by the supplier. GPC/ESI/FTMS also allowed for an unequivocal end-group determination and characterization of a secondary distribution due to the formation of cyclic reaction products. We analyzed a glycidyl methacrylate/butyl methacrylate copolymer with a broad molecular weight distribution, where fractionation and high resolving power were required for adequate characterization. Molecular weight distribution data showed the advantage of coupling high-resolution MS and GPC to overcome the difficulty of analyzing polydisperse polymers with MS alone.
Architecting Object Applications for High Performance with Relational Databases (1995)

To increase the specific capacity and conductivity of lithium titanate (LTO), low-cost and environmentally friendly carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were used to composite with Al<sup>3+</sup> and Mn<sup>4+</sup> co-doped Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LTO-Al/Mn) to improve its electrical properties. The Al<sup>3+</sup> and Mn<sup>4+</sup> were successfully substituted for Ti located at (16d) sites in the LTO and the CQDs formed a composite with LTO-Al/Mn. The specific capacity of the first cycle at 0.1C increased to 296.5 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>, and the impedance decreased to 16.8 Ω. The specific capacity maintained 236.0 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> after 100 cycles.
Efficient Static and Dynamic In-Database Tensor Decompositions on Chunk-Based Array Stores (2014)

As the relevant data sets get large, existing in-memory schemes for tensor decomposition become increasingly ineffective and, instead, memory-independent solutions, such as in-database analytics, are necessitated. In this paper, we present techniques for efficient implementations of in-database tensor decompositions on chunk-based array data stores. The proposed static and incremental in-database tensor decomposition operators and their optimizations address the constraints imposed by the main memory limitations when handling large and high-order tensor data. Firstly, we discuss how to implement alternating least squares operations efficiently on a chunk-based data storage system. Secondly, we consider scenarios with frequent data updates and show that compressed matrix multiplication techniques can be effective in reducing the incremental tensor decomposition maintenance costs. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first attempt to develop efficient and optimized in-database tensor decomposition operations. We evaluate the proposed algorithms on tensor data sets that do not fit into the available memory and results show that the proposed techniques significantly improve the scalability of this core data analysis.
Implementation and evaluation of reactive base station selection for human blockage in mmWave communications (2015)

This paper presents implementation of a reactive base station selection scheme for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications. In mmWave communications, the frame loss rate increases and the throughput sharply decreases when a pedestrian blocks a line-of-sight (LOS) path. To alleviate this human blockage problem, base stations can be selected so as to maintain LOS paths on the basis of communication quality. In this paper, we build a testbed using off the shelf IEEE 802.11ad based wireless local area network (WLAN) devices, and implement a reactive base station selection scheme on the testbed. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing work which experimentally evaluates human blockage detection system using actual IEEE 802.11ad devices. Our prototype system monitors the throughput measured at each base station and detects human blockage when the throughput decreases below a threshold. The human blockage detection triggers the base station switching. Our experimental results show that the reactive base station selection scheme decreases the duration in which human blockage degrades throughput performance, and the total amount of received data increases by 21%.
Structural properties and bandgap bowing of ZnO1−xSx thin films deposited by reactive sputtering (2004)

A series of ZnO1−xSx films with 0⩽x⩽1.0 was deposited by radio-frequency reactive sputtering on different substrates. The structural characterization by x-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the films have wurtzite symmetry and correlated investigations of the layer composition by photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the lattice constant varies linearly with x. The composition dependence of the band gap energy in the ternary system was determined by optical transmission and the optical bowing parameter was found to be about 3eV.
Metallhydrazide, VIII. Synthese von Amidrazonen aus Nitrilen und Natriumhydrazid (1964)

Abstract Aromatische und aliphatische Mononitrile werden durch Umsetzen mit Natriumhydrazid in Diäthyl‐ oder Diisopropyläther bei 0–60° und Hydrolyse der gebildeten Addukte mit Wasser in guter Ausbeute in die Amidrazone übergeführt.
The Requirement for Molecular Chaperones during Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Protein Degradation Demonstrates That Protein Export and Import Are Mechanistically Distinct (1999)

Polypeptide import into the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER) requires two hsp70s, Ssa1p in the cytosol and BiP (Kar2p) in the ER lumen. After import, aberrant polypeptides may be exported to the cytoplasm for degradation by the proteasome, and defects in the ER chaperone calnexin (Cne1p) compromise their degradation. Both import and export require BiP and the Sec61p translocation complex, suggesting that import and export may be mechanistically related. We now show that the cne1Delta and two kar2 mutant alleles exhibit a synthetic interaction and that the export and degradation of pro-alpha factor is defective in kar2 mutant microsomes. Pulse-chase analysis indicates that A1PiZ, another substrate for degradation, is stabilized in the kar2 strains at the restrictive temperature. Because two of the kar2 mutants examined are proficient for polypeptide import, the roles of BiP during ER protein export and import differ, indicating that these processes must be mechanistically distinct. To examine whether Ssa1p drives polypeptides from the ER and is also required for degradation, we assembled reactions using strains either containing a mutation in SSA1 or in which the level of Ssa1p could be regulated. We found that pro-alpha factor and A1PiZ were degraded normally, indicating further that import and export are distinct and that other cytosolic factors may pull polypeptides from the ER.