gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Salivary Histatins: Promising Anti-Fungal Therapeutic Agents (1998)

Histatins constitute a group of small, cationic multifunctional proteins present in the saliva of human and some non-human primates. The most significant function of histatins may be their anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Histatins have been extensively studied at both the protein and gene levels. The structure-function relationship of histatins with respect to their candidacidal activity has also been studied by means of recombinant histatin variants, as well as by chemically synthesized histatin fragments. The mechanism of histatins' action on Candida albicans is not clear, but it appears to be different from that of azole-based anti-fungal drugs which interrupt ergosterol synthesis. During the past 20 years, fungal infections have become more prevalent as a result of the emergence of AIDS, as well as, paradoxically, modern medical advances. The toxicity of current anti-fungal medicine, the emergence of drug-resistant strains, and the availability of only a few types of anti-fungal agents are the major disadvantages of current anti-fungal therapy. Therefore, the importance of the search for new, broad-spectrum anti-fungals with little or no toxicity cannot be overemphasized. The following properties make histatins promising anti-fungal therapeutic agents: (1) They have little or no toxicity; (2) they possess high cidal activities against azole-resistant fungal species and most of the fungal species tested; and (3) their candidacidal activity is similar to that of azole-based antifungals. Current research efforts focus on the development of improved histatins with enhanced cidal activity and stability, and of suitable and effective histatin delivery systems. These and other approaches may help to outpace the growing list of drug-resistant and opportunistic fungi causing life-threatening, disseminating diseases. The histatins with improved protective properties may also be used as components of artificial saliva for patients with salivary dysfunction.
Irregularity skin index (ISI): a tool to evaluate skin surface texture (2001)

By showing a relatively good correlation with age, ISI seems to be a promising parameter for the study of ageing skin.
The dollar and gold (2014)

The article calls attention to a domestic American aspect of the size of gold reserves and of the proposals for raising the price of gold. After recalling the main facts relating to the gold movements to and from the United States from 1934 to the present time and to their effects on the monetary and banking situation, the author raises the question of whether, on the bases of the present gold price, the United States gold reserves will much longer suffice to meet the cover requirements for the sight liabilities of the Federal Reserve Banks. Postulating certain alternative rates of increase in the American gross national product, and certain ratios between the money supply and the national income, he forecasts possible movements in the required money supply, and therefore in the gold reserves that would be necessary, assuming the present laws concerning reserve requirements to remain unchanged. JEL: E01, E42, E51, E58
The effect of the processing steps on the oxidative stability of polyethylene tubing crosslinked by irradiation (1997)

Abstract Some chemical and mechanical properties of intermediate products obtained in the production of PE heat shrinkable tubes were studied, seeking correlations between the composition and the properties. Different PE granulates were mixed with antioxidant (amine or phenol derivative), flame retardant agent and, for some samples, with elastomer. The compounds were extruded to tubes, which were then crosslinked by electron beam irradiation and subsequently extended to twice the original diameter. In the course of the production phases, the thermooxidative stability decreased compared to that of compounded granulate. The greatest decrease was caused by the irradiation. The aromatic amine seems to be the more effective antioxidant at similar compositions than the phenol derivative and it shows a better resistance against irradiation. The oxidative stability of the finished shrinkable tubes was not affected by the quality of commercial granulate (initial polyethylene). Mechanical properties changed slightly upon ageing, and the introduction of the elastomer did not alter the tensile strength and elongation at break. The remaining stability of the end‐product was more than enough to bear the stress of shrinking in use, and the good tensile strength of the material did not decrease upon thermal ageing either. During extrusion of the granulated compound no significant change took place in the distribution and molar mass averages. Irradiation produced more than 50% insoluble fraction, and the thermooxidative properties of the crosslinked sample changed significantly compared to the original PE and to the compound prepared from it.
Quasi-static and dynamic strain sensing using carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposite thin films (2009)

Thin films are developed by dispersing carbon black nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in an epoxy polymer. The films show a large variation in electrical resistance when subjected to quasi-static and dynamic mechanical loading. This phenomenon is attributed to the change in the band-gap of the CNTs due to the applied strain, and also to the change in the volume fraction of the constituent phases in the percolation network. Under quasi-static loading, the films show a nonlinear response. This nonlinearity in the response of the films is primarily attributed to the pre-yield softening of the epoxy polymer. The electrical resistance of the films is found to be strongly dependent on the magnitude and frequency of the applied dynamic strain, induced by a piezoelectric substrate. Interestingly, the resistance variation is found to be a linear function of frequency and dynamic strain. Samples with a small concentration of just 0.57% of CNT show a sensitivity as high as 2.5% MPa−1 for static mechanical loading. A mathematical model based on Bruggeman's effective medium theory is developed to better understand the experimental results. Dynamic mechanical loading experiments reveal a sensitivity as high as 0.007% Hz−1 at a constant small-amplitude vibration and up to 0.13%/μ-strain at 0–500 Hz vibration. Potential applications of such thin films include highly sensitive strain sensors, accelerometers, artificial neural networks, artificial skin and polymer electronics.
Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders (2005)

Optical contrast is often the limiting factor in the imaging of live biological tissue. Studies were conducted in postmortem human brain to identify clinical applications where the structures of interest possess high intrinsic optical contrast and where the real-time, high-resolution imaging capabilities of optical coherence tomography (OCT) may be critical. Myelinated fiber tracts and blood vessels are two structures with high optical contrast. The ability to image these two structures in real time may improve the efficacy and safety of a neurosurgical procedure to treat Parkinson's disease called deep brain stimulation (DBS). OCT was evaluated as a potential optical guidance system for DBS in 25 human brains. The results suggest that catheter-based OCT has the resolution and contrast necessary for DBS targeting. The results also demonstrate the ability of OCT to detect blood vessels with high sensitivity, suggesting a possible means to avoid their laceration during DBS. Other microscopic structures in the human brain with high optical contrast are pathological vacuoles associated with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). TSE include diseases such as Mad Cow disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. OCT performed on the brain from a woman who died of CJD was able to detect clearly the pathological vacuoles.
The causes and treatments of phantom limb pain. (2003)

Almost all patients who undergo amputation suffer 'phantom sensations', a sensory perception of the missing limb, possibly caused by a neural imprint or memory of the limb within the brain. The patient may experience abnormal kinaesthetic sensation, such as the feeling that the limb is in an abnormal position. Perceived changes in length, size or temperature of the limb are also common. Some of these people will go on to develop phantom limb pain (PLP). Appropriate aggressive pain management is required immediately postamputation in an attempt to avoid chronic PLP.
Performance Comparison of Real and Complex Valued Neural Networks for Digital Self-Interference Cancellation (2019)

Digital Self-Interference Cancellation (SIC) is the key technique for enabling In-Band Full-Duplexing (IBFD). Commonly, a nonlinear model is required to approximate the circuity nonlinearity so as to achieve SIC. Artificial neural network (ANN) is a potential candidate due to its nature of nonlinear approximation. Although real-valued neural network (RVNN) is more widely used in the field of artificial intelligence, the counterpart, complex-valued neural network (CVNN) seems to be more appropriate for digital SIC since the communication baseband signals are essentially complex. With this hypothesis, we conduct comprehensive comparisons of RVNN and CVNN for digital SIC in this paper. It is interesting to find that CVNN does perform better but only when non-holomorphic activation functions are used, and the number of hidden layer neurons can be reduced by maximally a half. When the number of neurons is larger than a certain value, RVNN and CVNN both achieve their optimal performance and provide approximately the same cancellation result.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cytogenin Derivatives. (2001)

To enhance the stability in vivo, new derivatives of cytogenin were synthesized, and their biological activity and stability in mice were estimated. 2-(8-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-3-yl)propionic acid (NM-3) was found to be the most stable among them. It modified collagen-induced arthritis in mice. It also showed potent anti-angiogenic activity in a mouse dorsal air sac assay.
Handling Field Device Documentations throughout the Life Cycle of Automation Systems ¿ Web-based Information Model and Access Methods (2006)

Field devices contain a set of data for automation and control, but also for other stages in life cycle. In addition, device-related documentation like descriptions, instructions, pictures and multimedia documents exist. Thus, the device is a central part of a complex information set, usable by software tools throughout a device's life cycle, from configuration towards diagnosis, repair, and asset management. In heterogeneous networks containing devices from different vendors, the variety of the above-mentioned information requires a flexible, adaptable and extensible organizational structure for the information set. The paper describes such a system and presents an application example for PROFIBUS / PROFINET systems.
Mechanochemical synthesis of advanced nanomaterials for catalytic applications (2015)

Mechanochemical synthesis emerged as the most advantageous, environmentally sound alternative to traditional routes for nanomaterials preparation with outstanding properties for advanced applications. Featuring simplicity, high reproducibility, mild/short reaction conditions and often solvent-free condition (dry milling), mechanochemistry can offer remarkable possibilities in the development of advanced catalytically active materials. The proposed contribution has been aimed to provide a brief account of remarkable recent findings and advances in the mechanochemical synthesis of solid phase advanced catalysts as opposed to conventional systems. The role of mechanical energy in the synthesis of solid catalysts and their application is critically discussed as well as the influence of the synthesis procedure on the physicochemical properties and the efficiency of synthesized catalysts is studied. The main purpose of this feature article is to highlight the possibilities of mechanochemical protocols in (nano)materials engineering for catalytic applications.
Construcción de aplicativo web para la gestión y prestación del servicio de ambulancias en la ciudad de Pereira, utilizando inteligencia artificial (2021)

En Colombia en los últimos años se han diseñado e implementado propuestas que pretenden aportar soluciones viables a un problema que es recurrente en la atención prehospitalaria primaria relacionado al servicio de ambulancias, en parte este problema es debido a cómo está estructurado el modelo de salud del país, lo que habilita que este vital servicio sea prestado por un conjunto de actores públicos, privados y mixtos. El servicio de ambulancia es una parte fundamental en la atención prehospitalaria en el sistema de salud colombiano y sumado a la normatividad aprobada con enfoque a establecer las pautas que las organizaciones prestadoras de salud se ven obligadas a cumplir y a la vez ajustar sus procesos operacionales para asegurar la calidad, generar valor y continuar siendo competentes. En este documento se analiza las posibles causas de la problemática de la atención prehospitalaria relacionada a los servicios de ambulancias en la ciudad de Pereira aplicando la Metodología de Matriz de Marco Lógico y basado en este análisis se plantea y desarrolla una propuesta de solución basada en tecnologías Web y herramientas desarrolladas por Google que integran componentes de Inteligencia Artificial para construir una aplicación móvil que permita reducir los principales problemas relacionados a la gestión de ambulancias, además se esquematizan los componentes urbanos de la infraestructura vial de la ciudad y se discute acerca de la viabilidad de la aplicación de algoritmos propuestos por algunas investigaciones en las últimas décadas que tratan problemas de encontrar rutas óptimas entre dos puntos para un conjunto vértices y aristas de un grafo, finalmente se introduce brevemente el modelo de arquitectura de Software C4 como un enfoque moderno adoptado debido al auge de las tendencias ágiles en el desarrollo de Software.
CMV drives clonal expansion of NKG2C <sup>+</sup> NK cells expressing self‐specific KIRs in chronic hepatitis patients (2011)

Natural killer (NK) cells are affected by infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) manifested by increased expression of the HLA-E binding activating receptor NKG2C. We here show that HCMV seropositivity was associated with a profound expansion of NKG2C(+) CD56(dim) NK cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Multi-color flow cytometry revealed that the expanded NKG2C(+) CD56(dim) NK cells displayed a highly differentiated phenotype, expressed high amounts of granzyme B and exhibited polyfunctional responses (CD107a, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) to stimulation with antibody-coated as well as HLA-E expressing target cells but not when stimulated with IL-12/IL-18. More importantly, NKG2C(+) CD56(dim) NK cells had a clonal expression pattern of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) specific for self-HLA class I molecules, with predominant usage of KIR2DL2/3. KIR engagement dampened NKG2C-mediated activation suggesting that such biased expression of self-specific KIRs may preserve self-tolerance and limit immune-pathology during viral infection. Together, these findings shed new light on how the human NK-cell compartment adjusts to HCMV infection resulting in clonal expansion and differentiation of educated and polyfunctional NK cells.
Reliable and Available Wireless Architecture/Framework (2020)

Due to uncontrolled interferences, including the self-induced multipath fading, deterministic networking can only be approached on wireless links. The radio conditions may change-way-faster than a centralized routing can adapt and reprogram, in particular when the controller is distant and connectivity is slow and limited. RAW separates the routing time scale at which a complex path is recomputed from the forwarding time scale at which the forwarding decision is taken for an individual packet. RAW operates at the forwarding time scale. The RAW problem is to decide, within the redundant solutions that are proposed by the routing, which will be used for each individual packet to provide a DetNet service while minimizing the waste of resources.
Direct selection for sequences encoding proteases of known specificity. (1991)

We have developed a simple genetic selection that could be used to isolate eukaryotic cDNAs encoding proteases that cleave within a defined amino acid sequence. The selection was developed by using the transcription factor GAL4 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a selectable marker, a cloned protease from tobacco etch virus (TEV), and an 18-amino acid TEV protease target sequence. In yeast, TEV protease cleaves its target even when the target is fused to internal regions of the GAL4 protein. This cleavage separates the DNA binding domain from the transcription activation domain of GAL4, rendering it transcriptionally inactive. The proteolytic cleavage can be detected phenotypically by the inability of cells to metabolize galactose. Cells expressing the TEV protease can also be selected on the suicide substrate 2-deoxygalactose. DNA binding studies show that the TEV protease decreases the activity of the GAL4/target fusion protein. Because another protease target sequence of 55 amino acids can be inserted into GAL4 without any loss of transcriptional activity, this assay offers the opportunity to use high-efficiency cDNA cloning and expression vectors to select coding sequences of other proteases from various species. The assay could also be used to help define both target specificities and functional domains of proteases.
SPEECH-TO-TEXT CONVERSION IN FRENCH (1994)

Speech-to-text conversion of French necessitates that both the acoustic level recognition and language modeling be tailored to the French language. Work in this area was initiated at LIMSI over 10 years ago. In this paper a summary of the ongoing research in this direction is presented. Included are studies on distributional properties of French text materials; problems specific to speech-to-text conversion particular of French; studies in phoneme-to-grapheme conversion for continuous, error-free phonemic strings; past work on isolated-word speech-to-text conversion; and more recent work on continuous-speech, speech-to-text conversion. Also demonstrated is the use of phone recognition for both language and speaker identification. The continuous speech-to-text conversion for French is based on a speaker-independent, vocabulary-independent recognizer. In this paper phone recognition and word recognition results are reported evaluating this recognizer on read speech taken from the BREF corpus. The recognizer was trained on over 4 hours of speech from 57 speakers, and tested on sentences from an independent set of 19 speakers. A phone accuracy of 78.7% was obtained using a set of 35 phones. The word accuracy was 88% for a 1139 word lexicon and 86% for a 2716 word lexicon, with a word pair grammar with respective perplexities of 100 and 160. Using a bigram grammar, word accuracies of 85.5% and 81.7% were obtained with 5 K and 20 K word vocabularies, with respective perplexities of 122 and 205.
Steroid Hormone Regulation of Rat Myometrial Gap Junction Formation: Effects on cx43 Levels and Trafficking1 (1995)

The formation of myometrial gap junctions coincides with onset of labor in many mammalian species, including humans. The assembly of gap junction protein into functional gap junction plaques is a final step in a cascade that begins with estrogen-dependent expression of the connexin43 (cx43) gene and continues with synthesis of cx43 in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and transport to the Golgi, followed by its trafficking to the plasma membrane and its assembly into functional gap junctions. Moreover, in several models of preterm labor in rats, precocious synthesis, trafficking, and assembly of cx43 follow an increase in the estrogen:progesterone ratio. The actions of these steroids on cx43 expression, gap junction formation, and labor led us to consider whether or not the cascade of cx43 expression and gap junction assembly typical of preterm and term labor would be disrupted by manipulations that inhibit labor through experimental reduction of the estrogen:progesterone ratio. Ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized pregnant rats were treated with minimal doses of progesterone or the anti-estrogenic compound ICI 182780 over a time course sufficient to inhibit labor. We found that cx43-positive gap junction formation was prevented in all animals treated with ICI 182780 or progesterone but that the mechanism by which this disruption occurred was different in anti-estrogen- and progesterone-treated animals. We found that ICI 182780 significantly inhibited the typical rise in myometrial cx43 concentrations normally observed just before labor. In contrast, it was surprising to find that significant cx43 was synthesized in myometrium of progesterone-treated intact and ovariectomized animals even though labor was inhibited. However, we found that the trafficking of myometrial cx43 from the Golgi and assembly into gap junctions at the plasma membrane were suppressed in these progesterone-treated animals, providing further support for the hypothesis that it is not synthesis of cx43 per se but trafficking of cx43 to the plasma membrane and its assembly into gap junctions that are required for effective synchronized myometrial contractions typical of labor.
Molecular synthesis in interstellar clouds: the radiative association reaction H + OH -> H2O + h  (1980)

On the evidence of some recent laboratory data on the association reaction H + OH + He → H2O + He, and following previously proposed ion–neutral radiative association reaction schemes, it is suggested that the radiative association of H with OH can be a significant production mechanism for H2O in interstellar clouds, perhaps being a faster process for H2O production in some clouds than the ion–neutral reaction sequences. The H atom/radical radiative association process may be important in the production of other small molecules in interstellar clouds.