gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1 Wireless Information and Power Transfer: Energy Efficiency Optimization in OFDMA Systems (2016)

This paper considers orthogonal frequency division multiple access systems with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer. We study the resource allocation algorithm design for maximization of the energy efficiency of data transmission. In particular, we focus on power splitting hybrid receivers which are able to split the received signals into two power streams for concurrent information decoding and energy harvesting. Two scenarios are investigated considering different power splitting abilities of the receivers. In the first scenario, we assume receivers which can split the received power into a continuous set of power streams with arbitrary power splitting ratios. In the second scenario, we examine receivers which can split the received power only into a discrete set of power streams with fixed power splitting ratios. In both scenarios, we formulate the corresponding algorithm design as a non-convex optimization problem which takes into account the circuit power consumption, the minimum data rate requirements of delay constrained services, the minimum required system data rate, and the minimum amount of power that has to be delivered to the receivers. Subsequently, by exploiting fractional programming and dual decomposition, suboptimal iterative resource allocation algorithms are proposed to solve the non-convex problems. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed iterative resource allocation algorithms approach the optimal solution within a small number of iterations and unveil the trade-off between energy efficiency, system capacity, and wireless power transfer.
What About Ada? The State of the Technology in 2003 (2003)

The projected life-cycle cost of a system is a central concern for any program manager (PM) in the Department of Defense (DoD). Choices made early in system development, such as choosing appropriate programming languages, can have profound effects on life-cycle cost. This report documents a recent investigation which characterized the technical and programmatic risks in reusing significant quantities of legacy Ada code in a new system. The investigation attempted to answer three questions: First, what is the business case for Ada? Second, how is Ada viewed by the defense industry? Third, how is Ada supported by academe? The results of this investigation point to a bleak future for Ada: no longer in the mainstream of computer science education, software engineering practice, or commercial support ADA is little more than a niche language used primarily within the DoD community and in limited civilian market segments, especially where there is defense market crossover or similar requirements as in commercial aviation, process control, and medical instrumentation. The data collected in this report should help PMs evaluate the risks—both during initial development and throughout the entire life cycle—of using Ada for software-intensive systems.
Process Writing: What Do We Mean?. (1986)

The term 'process writing' is currently being used in different ways.Teachers need to be clear how they use the term, and work towards a broad writing curriculum.
Design and Realization of Home Appliances Control System Based on the Android Smartphone (2012)

The remote appliances control system based on the Android smart phone is designed and realized. A user logs into the smart phone interface, and clicks the buttons gently to send message commands which will be transmitted to home information center through the GSM network. Then the ARM processor recognizes the specified command, and controls the home appliance switches in the wireless radio frequency manner to achieve remote control of appliances ultimately. This paper focuses on the design of Android terminal, the communication between ARM and GSM module, the realization of the wireless module device's driver, the difficulty in supplying the appropriate low-voltage DC for MCU and wireless module just by a single live wire. The system has the features of easy installation and low cost, and the hardware and software can be customized and extended. What's more, the users can manipulate appliances anytime, anywhere, letting our houses become more and more automated and intelligent.
Improving the accuracy of Petri net-based analysis of concurrent programs (1996)

Spurious results are an inherent problem of most static analysis methods. These methods, in an effort to produce conservative results, overestimate the executable behavior of a program. Infeasible paths and imprecise alias resolution are the two causes of such inaccuracies. In this paper we present an approach for improving the accuracy of Petri net-based analysis of concurrent programs by including additional program state information in the Petri net. We present empirical results that demonstrate the improvements in accuracy and, in some cases, the reduction in the search space that result from applying this approach to concurrent Ada programs.
Laser Communication Uplinks And Downlinks (1988)

The analysis addresses system design requirements and the relevant methodology, subsystem design requirements and component requirements of optical communication terminals for uplinks and downlinks. We focused on the aspects of a communication link and terminals which are unique or different from the traditional RF communication link. The three areas of analysis are: 1) System Engineering and Design of Lasercomm terminals - This analysis includes the major system drivers (wavelength, data rate, bit error rate (BER), detection technique), the optical train (telescope type and diameter, antenna gain, optical losses), pointing and tracking requirements, and candidate link designs (power budgets, terminal designs, and optical schematics). 2) Technology Assessment - An assessment of the current state of the art and expected developments in 1996 is reported. This assessment covers lasers, detectors, optical telescopes and lasercomm systems (maturity, output power, weight and electrical power). 3) Environmental Hazards - Atmospheric propagation hazards such as absorption, scatter, turbulence and cloud cover are discussed, along with interference and radiation.
Role in nitric oxide in Kupffer cell-mediated hepatoma cell cytotoxicity in vitro and ex vivo (1996)

The metabolic change in tumor cells (AH70, a rat hepatoma cell line) cocultured with isolated rat Kupffer cells were visualized and analyzed by a laser scanning confocal imaging system. When AH70 cells were cocultured with Kupffer cells, fluorescence intensity of rhodamine 123 (Rh123) decreased, indicating the reduction of mitochondrial function. The reduction in Rh123 was eliminated by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an analogue of L-arginine, suggesting the involvement of nitric oxide (NO). Two hour after the cells were cocultured, membrane compromised AH70 cells which were observed as propidium from 2.8% to 25%. This increase was also attenuated by L-NMMA, suggesting that Kupffer cell-mediated injury of tumor cells largely depends on NO. The concentrations of NO-2 + NO-3 in the culture medium markedly increased after coculture of AH70 cells with Kupffer cells. Moreover, NO synthase (NOS) activity in Kupffer cells significantly increased after coculture. These in vitro results suggest that NO mediates Kupffer cell-induced tumor cell damage characterized by reduced mitochondrial function and diminished barrier function. In the ex vivo study of the perfused liver to which AH70 cells were injected via the catheter inserted into the portal vein, some AH70 cells were arrested in the upper stream of sinusoid and the fluorescence intensity of Rh123 in adherent AH70 cells decreased in a time-dependent manner within 2 hours. The number of PI-positive AH70 cells also increased 2 hours after the injection of AH70 cells. These changes were inhibited by either administration of N omega-L-nitroarginine-methylester (L-NAME) to perfusate or pretreatment of the rat liver with GdCl3, which is known to deplete Kupffer cell function. Thus, the present study suggests that NO from Kupffer cells induces mitochondrial dysfunction in tumor cells followed by membrane barrier dysfunction in the liver sinusoid.
Assigning Block Size Based on Speculation for Parallel Downloading (2006)

With the development of mirror sites, parallel downloading, which can decrease download latency, is becoming more and more popular. Dynamic parallel downloading can be adapted according to the fluctuation of network bandwidths, and has a better performance than static parallel downloading. To reduce the number of requesting document blocks, we propose a scheme in which block size is assigned based on speculation. It deals with the unbalance of assignments during downloading and decreases download latency effectively. Further more, we have implemented a parallel downloading prototype, which makes use of this scheme. Through experimental tests, this scheme shows its advantages of both download latency and the number of block assignments.
A Basic Analysis of the Structure of Grain Supply Chain in Beijing (2008)

This thesis focuses on the analysis of the supply chain management of the grain industry in Beijing, aiming at lowering its logistics cost and raising its circulation efficiency. With the help of the case study and literature reviews, the thesis tries to prove that famous brands are the basis of the establishment of grain supply chain; consumers' concern of food security acts as a driving power and insufficient and laggard transportation infrastructure and network construction are the main reasons baffling the construction of grain supply chain. Finally, it draws a conclusion that it is necessary for the Beijing Municipality to improve its grain supply chain in an optimized way.
Bring your own finger – how mobile is bringing biometrics to consumers (2014)

Biometric technology in mobile phones has been with us since 1998 but has struggled to pin itself to a suitable use case that results in significant adoption rates. Mobile phone biometrics, similar to biometrics in other computer devices and keyboards, has so far failed to even become a strong niche yet alone a mass market product.
Attribute-Based Classification for Zero-Shot Visual Object Categorization (2013)

We study the problem of object recognition for categories for which we have no training examples, a task also called zero--data or zero-shot learning. This situation has hardly been studied in computer vision research, even though it occurs frequently; the world contains tens of thousands of different object classes, and image collections have been formed and suitably annotated for only a few of them. To tackle the problem, we introduce attribute-based classification: Objects are identified based on a high-level description that is phrased in terms of semantic attributes, such as the object's color or shape. Because the identification of each such property transcends the specific learning task at hand, the attribute classifiers can be prelearned independently, for example, from existing image data sets unrelated to the current task. Afterward, new classes can be detected based on their attribute representation, without the need for a new training phase. In this paper, we also introduce a new data set, Animals with Attributes, of over 30,000 images of 50 animal classes, annotated with 85 semantic attributes. Extensive experiments on this and two more data sets show that attribute-based classification indeed is able to categorize images without access to any training images of the target classes.
Gene clustering pattern, promoter architecture, and gene expression stability in eukaryotic genomes (2011)

A balance between gene expression stability and evolvability is essential for the long-term maintenance of a living system. In this paper, we studied whether the genetic and epigenetic properties of the promoter affect gene expression variability. We hypothesized that upstream distance and orientation (head-to-head or head-to-tail) are important for the promoter architecture and gene expression variability. We found that in budding yeast genes with a short upstream distance tend to have low gene expression variability, and their promoter is flanked by strongly positioned nucleosomes and tends to have low nucleosome occupancy. These observations suggest that in vivo positioning of the flanking nucleosomes facilitates stable nucleosome depletion at the core promoter region and enhances gene expression stability. Head-to-head genes have, on average, lower gene expression variability, greater nucleosome depletion at the core promoter region, and more strongly positioned nucleosomes that flank the core promoter than do head-to-tail genes. These observations hold for diverse eukaryotes. In complex organisms such as mammals, only a small fraction of head-to-tail genes have retained a short upstream distance, probably because the promoter may not be flanked by a strongly positioned nucleosome on the upstream side.
Putting bounds on estimating economywide impacts from adopting the Renewable Fuels Standard. (2002)

In this paper, we assess the economywide impacts of adopting the Renewable Fuels Standard by using "land-constrained" and "land-unconstrained" scenarios to establish lower and upper bounds. Adopting the RFS would stimulate between $3.4 billion and $6.9 billion in new output and generate 12,600 to 31,400 jobs.
Propminer: A Workflow for Interactive Information Extraction and Exploration using Dependency Trees (2013)

The use of deep syntactic information such as typed dependencies has been shown to be very effective in Information Extraction. Despite this potential, the process of manually creating rule-based information extractors that operate on dependency trees is not intuitive for persons without an extensive NLP background. In this system demonstration, we present a tool and a workflow designed to enable initiate users to interactively explore the effect and expressivity of creating Information Extraction rules over dependency trees. We introduce the proposed five step workflow for creating information extractors, the graph query based rule language, as well as the core features of the PROP-MINER tool. 1
Shrink‐Induced Silica Structures for Far‐field Fluorescence Enhancements (2013)

Dense multiscale silica (SiO 2 ) micro‐ and nanostructures are fabricated on a pre‐stressed polymer film. This novel SiO 2 substrate serves as a robust platform to enhance the fluorescence signal of bound biomolecules. Through a combination of surface concentration, light scattering, and changes in the photophysical properties of the confined dye molecules, dramatic fluorescence signal enhancements (average = 116 times greater than on planar glass) and increased signal‐to‐noise ratio (76:1) are demonstrated with tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)‐conjugated streptavidin (STRITC) on SiO 2 structures. Enhanced detection sensitivity of STRITC over glass on the SiO 2 structures is achieved down to a detection limit of 11 ng mL −1 . Such significant fluorescence signal enhancements have importance in practical applications such disease diagnostics and surface sensing.
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of chronic changes in latissimus dorsi cardiomyoplasty. (1994)

Morphological changes in the wrapped LD muscle consistent with fatty degeneration occur after DC and can be detected by MRI. Further studies will be necessary to demonstrate the clinical significance of such LD muscle flap changes.
Simultaneous measurement of drug metabolic stability and identification of metabolites using ion‐trap mass spectrometry (2003)

The use of in vitro drug metabolism data in the understanding of in vivo pharmacokinetic, safety and toxicity data has become a large area of scientific interest. This has stemmed from a trend in the pharmaceutical industry to use in vitro data generated from human tissue as a criterion to select compounds for further investigation. As well as measuring metabolic stability in vitro using human liver microsomal preparations, the identification of possible metabolite(s) formed may play a vital role in Hit-to-Lead and Lead optimisation processes. The data-dependent scan function mode with the ion-trap instrumentation provides the ability to measure the metabolic stability and identification of possible metabolites of a compound. A gradient liquid chromatographic method with a run time of 6 min/injection was developed for this purpose. The approach of simultaneous metabolic stability measurements and rapid identification of metabolites of drugs with high (verapamil), medium (propranolol and cisapride) and low (flunarazine) metabolic stabilities using ion-trap mass spectrometry is described. The metabolites identified after 15 min incubation for verapamil, propranolol and cisapride are in good agreement with those reported as the major metabolites in human in vivo studies.
Extending the Scope of Chromium−Manganese Redox-Coupled Reactions:  A One-Pot Synthesis of Benzoxazoles (2001)

A critically important strategy for synthetic chemistry is the development of "domino" processes: those capable of concatenating multiple transformations into a single step. Such transformations not only provide an increase in synthetic efficiency, but also imply the development of a significant degree of mechanistic understanding. We report herein a new domino reaction, in which a chromium-manganese redox couple is employed both to catalytically reduce an o-hydroxy nitroarene and to oxidatively cyclize a subsequently formed imine. We find that the reaction is most effective for starting o-hydroxy nitroarenes with a strongly electron-withdrawing group at the para position.
Stability of silicon carbide Schottky diodes against leakage current thermal runaway (2015)

Thermal stability is mandatory for the application of power semiconductor devices. Thermal runaway as a consequence of the feedback loop of increasing temperature and increasing leakage current is one risk, especially for Schottky-diodes featuring particular blocking characteristics. In this work the blocking characteristics of modern SiC-Schottky diodes including MPS and JBS types were measured and the stability was investigated by means of theoretical considerations as well as measurements. Even the worst devices are thermally stable far beyond their datasheet limits and have to be mistreated to show thermal runaway. For the time being thermal runaway is, thus, not a limiting factor for the thermal design of SiC-diodes. However, when going to the much higher operating temperatures promised by SiC the picture looks quite different again.
Risperidone in the treatment of affective illness and obsessive-compulsive disorder. (1995)

The findings suggest that (1) risperidone may be useful in the acute/p.r.n. and chronic treatment of psychosis, agitation, and cycling accompanying affective illness, and (2) risperidone may be useful in augmenting pharmacologic response in OCD.
A Novel Type of Organic Semiconductors. Molecular Fastener (1986)

Abstract The electrical conductivity of alkylthio-substituted tetrathiafulvalene (TTCn-TTF) single crystal has been measured in a vacuum of 10−4 Pa with the two probe method. The room temperature dark conductivity of TTC10-TTF reaches 10−5 S cm−1, a value that is extraordinarily high compared with those of other organic semiconductors constructed with a single component. The cause of this high conductivity is that the central tetrathiafulvalene skeleton has been fastened strongly with the four long alkyl chains.
Particle−Liquid Mass Transfer Coefficient in Two-/Three-Phase Stirred Tank Reactors (2002)

Knowledge of particle−liquid mass transfer coefficient (kSL) is important for a rational design of a solid−liquid/solid−liquid−gas stirred tank reactor (STR). Considerable efforts have been made by different investigators to study and correlate the behavior of kSL in STRs for a variety of geometric and operating conditions. This review attempts to put together and analyze the information available in the literature on kSL in STRs systematically. Different approaches used by researchers to correlate kSL are critically discussed. The effect of system configurations (type of the impeller, D/T, and C/T), operating parameters (impeller speed/power input, particle loading, and gas flow rate), and physical properties (dP, Dm, μ, and Δρ) on kSL have been discussed elaborately. Some new data for six-bladed impellers have been generated to determine the optimum geometric configuration and operating conditions for particle−liquid mass transfer in three-phase STRs. It is concluded that kSL in two-/three-phase STRs can be correlated reliably over a wide range of system configurations and operating parameters by a relative particle suspension term, N/NS(G). Scope and need for further studies have been suggested.
Heat and Mass Transfer during Microwave Steam Treatment of Contaminated Soils (2000)

A time-dependent mechanistic model has been developed to describe the coupled heat and mass transfer during microwave steam treatment of contaminated soils. The model consists of multiphase mass and energy conservation equations, along with various temperature-dependent parameterizations of important physical state properties. The coupled nonlinear equations were solved numerically by applying a macroscopic control volume method with the appropriate boundary and initial conditions and using a finite-difference scheme. Microwave heating experiments of soil samples were performed. The effects of microwave power, soil sample depth, and soil type on water evaporation rate and temperature were measured with time. The modeled results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The results revealed that microwave power density and soil sample depth significantly affect the microwave evaporation process of water from soils. Water evaporation rate and temperature variation are complex and associated with the dielectric properties of liquid water distributed within the soil. The deeper the soil sample, the more nonuniform the evaporation process, although nonuniformities diminish as the evaporation process approaches completion. Finally it was verified that soil types and their thermal properties play a minor role, provided that the soil minerals are microwave transparent.