gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of peptidyl boronic acid inhibitors of mammalian 20 S and 26 S proteasomes and their inhibition of proteasomes in cultured cells (2000)

Proteasomes are large multisubunit proteinases which have several distinct catalytic sites. In this study a series of di- and tri-peptidyl boronic acids have been tested on the chymotrypsin-like activity of purified mammalian 20 S and 26 S proteasomes assayed with succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-amidomethylcoumarin (suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC) as substrate. The inhibition of 20 S proteasomes is competitive but only slowly reversible. The K(i) values for the best inhibitors were in the range 10-100 nM with suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC as substrate, but the compounds tested were much less effective on other proteasome activities measured with other substrates. Free boronic acid inhibitors exhibited equivalent potency to their pinacol esters. Both benzoyl (Bz)-Phe-boroLeu and benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz)-Leu-Leu-boroLeu pinacol ester inhibited 20 S and 26 S proteasomes with non-ideal behaviour, differences in inhibition of the two forms of proteasomes becoming apparent at high inhibitor concentrations (above 3xK(i)). Both of these compounds were also potent inhibitors of 20 S and 26 S proteasomes in cultured cells. However, gel filtration of cell extracts prepared from cells treated with radiolabelled phenacetyl-Leu-Leu-boroLeu showed that only 20 S proteasomes were strongly labelled, demonstrating differences in the characteristics of inhibition of 20 S and 26 S proteasomes. The usefulness of peptidyl boronic acid inhibitors for investigations of proteasome-mediated protein degradation was confirmed by the observation that Bz-Phe-boroLeu and Cbz-Leu-Leu-boroLeu pinacol ester inhibited NFkappaB activation with IC(50) values comparable to their K(i) values for purified proteasomes. The latter result supports the view that the chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasomes assayed with suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC is a critical one for protein degradation in cells.
Novel physical unclonable function with process and environmental variations (2010)

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are employed to generate unique signature to be used for integrated circuit (IC) identification and authentication. Existing PUFs exploit only process variations for generating unique signature. Due to the spatial correlation between process parameters, such PUFs will be vulnerable to be modeled or leak information under side-channel attacks. The PUF we present in this paper, called PE-PUF, takes into account both process and environmental variations which magnifies chip-to-chip signature randomness and uniqueness. PE-PUF takes into account process variations, temperature, power supply noise and crosstalk; all these effects are major sources of variations and noise in integrated circuits. Designers would be able to select PE-PUF response by applying different input patterns.? Furthermore, PE-PUF imposes no routing constraints to the design. The gates in PE-PUF are distributed across the entire chip and cannot be easily identified/modeled or leak side-channel information. Simulation results demonstrate that each IC can be uniquely characterized by PE-PUF with higher secrecy rate when compared to other PUFs that use only process variations.
Selecting infusion devices for use in ambulatory care (1996)

Intravenous infusion devices commonly used in home care and ambulatory care settings are reviewed and factors to consider in selecting a device are suggested. The type of therapy to be administered, the patient or caregiver's ability to understand and carry out instructions, staff time required for patient teaching and drug and device preparation, drug stability, frequency of doses, reservoir volume, control of flow rate, type of venous access, cost and availability of devices and supplies, and reimbursement should be considered. Cost-effectiveness of a device can be evaluated only by analyzing all of the costs associated with administering a medication. Decisions must be based on an individual agency's needs, but usually one type of single-dose infuser and one brand of electronic ambulatory-care infusion pump can meet the needs of most of an agency's patients. For patients self-administering up to four doses per day, appropriate methods may include slow intravenous injection (i.v. push), infusion from minibags and tubing, and the use of elastomeric infusers, electronic or mechanical syringe pumps, or a new device based on infusion across a bioelectric membrane. Some of these types of infusers can also be used for continuous infusion. Syringe pumps are reliable and affordable and control infusion rates well, but infusion volume is limited and these devices must be recovered, cleaned, and tested between patients. Although elastomeric pumps may have higher price tags than other devices, they are simple for patients to use and dispose of. While elastomeric devices have tubing permanently attached, the disposable tubing of some other devices is detachable and can be reused if institutional policy permits. Electronic ambulatory-care infusion pumps can meet a wide range of infusion requirements. They vary in size, weight, ability to detect occlusions, features, and reliability. All use proprietary infusion sets, but the costs of sets and disposable supplies vary. Some pumps can be used for a single infusion mode, such as patient-controlled analgesia (PCA); others offer two or more modes (for example, continuous, intermittent, and PCA). "Multichannel" pumps can be used for simultaneous infusion of up to four medications; the rate of each infusion is programmed separately, and some multichannel devices offer multiple infusion modes. Some can be programmed remotely by telephone. Before an agency decides on a pump, it can investigate current users' and rental firms' experiences with the device. Also, all relevant personnel should try programming the device. Determining which devices to use requires a comparison of features that are pertinent to the particular agency or institution and a cost analysis that considers acquisition, reimbursement, patient training time, and the cost of disposable supplies.
Application of Linear-Phase Digital Crossover Filters to Pair-Wise Symmetric Multi-Way Loudspeakers Part 2: Control of Beamwidth and Polar Shape (2007)

In part 2, we present an alternate simplified design technique that is based not on Part 1’s specification of frequency responses at arbitrary off-axis vertical angles, but on specification of the total shape and coverage angle (vertical beamwidth) of the polar patterns generated by pairs of separated point sources. Here we show that when only a single pair of drivers is operating at a specific frequency (Part 1 called these the “critical frequencies”), the spacing of these drivers is a constant distant apart in terms of acoustic wavelength. The design procedure of Part 2 simplifies that of part 1 by restricting the level of the forced-to-be-flat off-axis angle to -6 dB thus making it equal to the level of the polar beamwidth specification, i.e. beamwidth is defined as the angle between the 6-dB-down points from on axis. Thus restricted, Part 2 shows that the spacing of each pair of drivers at their critical frequencies should be in the range of 0.4 to 0.6 wavelength to yield well-behaved polar shapes with beamwidths in the range of 67o to 113o. Part 2 also shows that that spacing ratios between successive pairs of drivers should preferably be in the range of 2:1 to 2.5:1, but can extend out to 4:1, but at the expense of polar uniformity at angles beyond the 6-dB-down points.
Blockchain based smart door lock system (2017)

IoT (Internet of Things) has a large portion of our life. This is manifested by the large number of connected devices. With the exponential growth of IoT devices, IoT security is becoming important. In particular, Smart Door Lock system is extremely important because it is closely related to the safety of the user. However, the data sent and received of existing Smart Door Lock system is vulnerable to forgery and hacking. To improve these security issues, we propose a Smart Door Lock system based on blockchain. Also, this provides data integrity and non-repudiation. Lastly, we propose an algorithm that the Smart Door Lock system judge some situations around itself and operates based on data sent from sensors.
Power from nature: designing green battery materials from electroactive quinone derivatives and organic polymers (2016)

A review highlighting the unique chemistry of quinones and associated polymers as nature-derived electrode materials for green battery applications.
ALK receptor tyrosine kinase promotes cell growth and neurite outgrowth (2004)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase that is expressed preferentially in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems at late embryonic stages. To elucidate the role of ALK in neurons, we developed an agonist monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the extracellular domain of ALK. Here we show that mAb16-39 elicits tyrosine phosphorylation of endogenously expressed ALK in human neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. Stimulation of these cells with mAb16-39 markedly induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), Shc, and c-Cbl and also their interaction with ALK and activation of ERK1/2. Furthermore, we show that continuous incubation with mAb16-39 induces the cell growth and neurite outgrowth of SK-N-SH cells. These responses are completely blocked by MEK inhibitor PD98059 but not by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibitor wortmannin, indicating an essential role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) signaling cascade in ALK-mediated growth and differentiation of neurons.
Ultrafiltration of whey (1980)

Utilization of ultrafiltration for the treatment of whey is increasing in the world dairy industry, due to the progress made in membrane technology itself and a better knowledge of the behaviour of whey components. Pretreatment of whey either by heating accompanied or not with pH adjustment or by ionic strength regulation or by prefiltration has the greatest effect on permeation rate. Preconcentration of whey also improves performances of ultrafiltration equipment. Two new potentialities for whey proteins, made possible by properties of new membranes are also presented.
A BiCMOS voltage controlled oscillator and frequency doubler for K-band applications (2008)

A mm-wave voltage controlled oscillator and frequency doubler for 18-GHz applications are presented. A 9-GHz voltage controlled oscillator is implemented by using a double LC-tank resonator to improve loaded Q at high frequencies. Inductive coupling is exploited to design an 18-GHz frequency doubler, which improves spurious rejection and immunity to supply noise. The prototype is implemented in a SiGe BiCMOS process and performs a FOM of -183 dBc/Hz at 19 GHz.
Synthesis, Purification, and Tumor Cell Uptake of <sup>67</sup>Ga-Deferoxamine−Folate, a Potential Radiopharmaceutical for Tumor Imaging (1996)

The vitamin folic acid was covalently linked to the chelating agent deferoxamine (DF) via an amide bond using a simple carbodiimide coupling reaction. A mixture of two isomers, DF--folate(alpha) and DF--folate(gamma), was produced involving the alpha- and gamma-carboxyl group of folic acid, respectively. These two isomers were separated by anion-exchange chromatography using a NH4HCO3 gradient. Competitive binding studies revealed that only the DF-folate(gamma) is recognized by the folate receptor on KB cells, interacting with an affinity comparable to unconjugated folic acid. The DF--folate conjugates were radiolabeled with the gamma-emitting radionuclide 67Ga3+ and tested for uptake by cultured KB cells overexpressing the folate receptor. The cellular accumulation of 67Ga-DF-folate(gamma) tracer exhibited rapid uptake kinetics in cell culture with a t1/2 of approximately 3 min. The KB cell association of 67Ga-DF--folate(gamma) was competitively blocked by free folic acid, indicating that uptake of the 67Ga-DF--folate(gamma) was specifically mediated by the folate receptor. Since the folate receptor is overexpressed on the surfaces of many neoplastic cells, these results suggest that 67Ga-DF--folate(gamma) complex might be useful as a diagnostic agent for noninvasive imaging of folate receptor-positing tumors.
Dissociation of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Eu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mn/></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Charge-Transfer State in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>S and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>S into<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Eu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mn/></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>and a Free Hole (1971)

In ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$S: Eu and ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$S: Eu, excitation into the charge-transfer states (CTS) of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{+3}$ leads partially to the dissociation of the CTS into ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{+2}$ and a free hole which may subsequently be trapped. The extent of CTS dissociation is measured both by the storage induced by a known CTS excitation dosage and by the slow-rise transients of the $^{5}D$ emissions at the onset of CTS excitation. Both measurements give an activation energy for CTS dissociation of 900 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$S and 1300 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$S, and a rate constant of \ensuremath{\sim} ${10}^{13.5}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for both hosts. The steady-state emission intensity undergoes a gradual superlinear transition with excitation intensity. The time constant of the slow-rise transient decreases with excitation intensity. The phosphorescence intensity is smaller than that of the slow-rise transient and increases sublinearly with excitation intensity. These kinds of behavior are all explained with the model of the CTS dissociating into ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{+2}$ and a free hole, with subsequent hole trapping and ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{+2}$-trapped-hole nonradiative recombination. In this model, the ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{+2}$ concentration at steady state increases as the $\frac{1}{2}$ to $\frac{1}{3}$ power of the excitation intensity.
Recent findings on the viable but nonculturable state in pathogenic bacteria (2009)

Many bacteria, including a variety of important human pathogens, are known to respond to various environmental stresses by entry into a novel physiological state, where the cells remain viable, but are no longer culturable on standard laboratory media. On resuscitation from this 'viable but nonculturable' (VBNC) state, the cells regain culturability and the renewed ability to cause infection. It is likely that the VBNC state is a survival strategy, although several interesting alternative explanations have been suggested. This review describes the VBNC state, the various chemical and physical factors known to induce cells into this state, the cellular traits and gene expression exhibited by VBNC cells, their antibiotic resistance, retention of virulence and ability to attach and persist in the environment, and factors that have been found to allow resuscitation of VBNC cells. Along with simple reversal of the inducing stresses, a variety of interesting chemical and biological factors have been shown to allow resuscitation, including extracellular resuscitation-promoting proteins, a novel quorum-sensing system (AI-3) and interactions with amoeba. Finally, the central role of catalase in the VBNC response of some bacteria, including its genetic regulation, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Poly‐Substituted Fluorine‐Containing Pyridines and Dihydropyrimidines via Cascade C—F Bond Cleavage Protocol. (2011)

Abstract Anionic activation of fluoroalkyl groups in alkynes (I) leads to pyridines, e.g. (III), or pyrimidines such as (V) depending on the conditions.
Voice-enabling enterprise applications (2003)

We review the influence of the advancement and standardization of voice technologies on existing Web and enterprise applications. We focus on the limitations and concerns of a new voice interface, in addition to the integration issues. We use automation of the dictation process, which is usually a part of enterprise transcription applications, as a case study to explore the power of current voice technologies. We specifically delve into VoiceXML and also into the fundamental integration solutions.
Distorted Speech Rejection for Automatic Speech Recognition in Wireless Communication (2004)

SUMMARY This letter introduces a pre-rejection technique for wireless channel distorted speech with application to automatic speech recognition (ASR). Based on analysis of distorted speech signals over a wireless communication channel, we propose a method to reject the channel distorted speech with a small computational load. From a number of simulation results, we can discover that the pre-rejection algorithm enhances the robustness of speech recognition operation.
Review of Polyimides Used in the Manufacturing of Micro Systems (2007)

Since their invention, polyimides have found numerous uses in MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. Polyimides can act as photoresist, sacrificial layers, structural layers, and even as a replacement for silicon as the substrate during MEMS fabrication. They enable fabrication of both low and high aspect ratio devices. Polyimides have been used to fabricate expendable molds and reusable flexible molds. Development of a variety of devices that employ polyimides for sensor applications has occurred. Micro-robotic actuator applications include hinges, thermal actuators and residual stress actuators. Currently, polyimides are being used to create new sensors and devices for aerospace applications. This paper presents a review of some of the many uses of polyimides in the development of MEMS devices, including a new polyimide based MEMS fabrication process.
Coding Schemes for Reduction of Intersymbol Interference in Data Transmission Systems (1970)

Various coding schemes and their effects on intersymbol interference in pulse amplitude modulation systems are discussed. First, the relation between imperfections in the baseband-equivalent channel and intersymbol interference is clarified and applied to explain the effect of correlative level coding and Gorog's frequency concept codes in reducing intersymbol interference. Another coding scheme is then introduced: construction of codes in the time domain with intersymbol interference directly in mind. A decimal code of length 4 and an alphanumeric code of length 6 are proposed as practical codes and their properties are discussed. Simulation results are presented to give quantitative comparison of these coding techniques. Curves of the vertical eye-opening vs transmission rate have been produced and we show that codes designed in the time domain achieve better performance than both the frequency concept codes and the conventional codes for a wide class of channel characteristics.
Synthesis and antiviral activity of acyclic nucleosides with a 3(S),5-dihydroxypentyl or 4(R)-methoxy-3(S),5-dihydroxypentyl sidechain (1992)

Optically pure acyclic nucleoside analogues with a 3(S),5-dihydroxypentyl or 4(R)-methoxy-3(S),5-dihydroxypentyl side chain were synthesized starting from 2-deoxy-D-ribose. The acyclic nucleosides were obtained by alkylation of the bases with the mesylates 16 and 17. Of these series of novel nucleoside analogues only 9-[3(S),5-dihydroxypent-1-yl]guanine (6d) showed marked antiviral activity. It inhibited the cytopathogenicity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) at a concentration of 0.4-0.6 microgram/mL, which thus points to a greater antiviral activity than recently reported for the mixture of the R and S enantiomers (12.5 micrograms/mL). In contrast with 6d, its 4(R)-methoxy derivative 7d did not show antiviral activity, which implies that the 4'-methoxy group is unable to mimic the 1',4'-oxygen bridge of the normal furanose ring.
Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy of MUC-16 Targeted T Cells Further Modified to Constitutively Express the IL-12 Cytokine in a Syngeneic Model of Ovarian Cancer, (2011)

Abstract Abstract 4176 T cells may be genetically modified to recognize tumor associated antigens (TAAs) through the introduction of genes encoding artificial T cell receptors termed chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). We have constructed SFG retroviral vectors encoding first (4H11mz) and second (4H11m28mz) generation CARs as well as IL-12 modified CAR (4H11m28mzIRESmIL12) targeted to the retained extra-cellular domain of MUC16, termed MUC-CD. This antigen is over-expressed on most ovarian carcinoma tumor cells. IL-12 is a potent inducer of a Th1 CD4+ T cell response and serves as a “signal 3” in concert with TCR activation (signal 1) and CD28 co-stimulation (signal 2) to CD8+ T cells, resulting in optimized clonal expansion and effector function. In order to mimic the clinical setting, we generated a syngeneic tumor model using the C57BL6 (B6) mice intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with ID8(MUC-CD) cells. In our studies treatment of mice bearing established ID8(MUC-CD) ovarian tumor with MUC-CD specific T cells expressing IL-12 gene, in contrast to T cells targeted to MUC-CD alone, fully eradicate advanced intraperitoneal ovarian tumors. The mechanism of IL-12 expressing MUC-CD targeted T cell antitumor efficacy was mediated through enhanced persistence and engraftment of modified T cells, as well as the ability of IL-12 secreting T cells to recruit endogenous T cells to the tumor site. Furthermore, we observed elevated secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-g and TNF-a) in the serum of IL-12 treated mice, compared to 4H11m28mz and control CD19 targeted T cell treated groups. Treatment of B6 mice with MUC-CD targeted T cells expressing IL-12 gene was dependent upon recruitment of the NK and NKT cells to the tumor site. Finally, we demonstrated the ability of IL-12 secreting T cells to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by switching the phenotype of the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from a predominately immunosuppressive M2 to an immunostimulatory M1 phenotype. These data, obtained in the context of a clinically relevant syngeneic tumor model supports the application of this approach in the treatment of the patients with relapsed ovarian carcinomas. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.