gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Development of a Seafloor Earthquake Measurement System (1978)

A Seafloor Earthquake Measurement System is being developed at Sandia to measure marine sediment response to seismic activity. The system will use an acoustic telemetry system to transmit commands to and collect data from the seafloor package. The seafloor package contains a microprocessor which controls the data collection, data processing, and acoustic telemetry. A one million bit magnetic bubble memory is used for storage of seismic data obtained from a three-axis accelerometer package. The microprocessor continuously compares the incoming data in mass memory and saves the "best" data for later readout by the acoustic telemetry system. The seafloor package consists of a ballast emplaced pressure vessel and probe containing the accelerometer. After the probe is inserted into the sediment, the ballast weight is removed and a section of the probe is retracted to mechanically isolate the accelerometers.
Human Embryonic Stem Cells - a Potential Vaccine for Ovarian Cancer (2012)

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a vaccine to induce an immune response and provide antitumor protection in a rat model. Methods: Cross-reactivity of antigens between hESCs and tumour cells was screened by immunohistochemistry. Fischer 344 rats were divided into 7 groups, with 6 rats in each, immunized with: Group 1, hESC; Group 2, pre-inactivated mitotic NuTu-19; Group 3 PBS; Group 4, hESC; Group 5, pre-inactivated mitotic NuTu-19; Group 6, PBS; Group 7, hESC only. At 1 (Groups 1-3) or 4 weeks (Groups 4-6) after the last vaccination, each rat was challenged intraperitoneally with NuTu-19. Tumor growth and animal survival were closely monitored. Rats immunized with H9 and NuTu-19 were tested by Western blot analysis of rat orbital venous blood for cytokines produced by Th1 and Th2 cells. Results: hESCs presented tumour antigens, markers, and genes related to tumour growth, metastasis, and signal pathway interactions. The vaccine administered to rats in Group 1 led to significant antitumor responses and enhanced tumor rejection in rats with intraperitoneal inoculation of NuTu-19 cells compared to control groups. In contrast, rats in Group 4 did not display any elevation of antitumour responses. Western blot analysis found cross-reactivity among antibodies generated between H9 and NuTu-19. However, the cytokines did not show significant differences, and no side effects were detected. Conclusion: hESC-based vaccination is a promising modality for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer.
Production of Squalene in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (2014)

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the research and development of sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Using photosynthetic microorganisms to produce such alternatives is advantageous, since they can achieve direct conversion of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the desired product, using sunlight as the energy source. Squalene is a naturally occurring 30-carbon isoprenoid, which has commercial use in cosmetics and in vaccines. If it could be produced sustainably on a large scale, it could also be used instead of petroleum as a raw material for fuels and as feedstock for the chemical industry. The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 possesses a gene, slr2089, predicted to encode squalene hopene cyclase (Shc), an enzyme converting squalene into hopene, the substrate for forming hopanoids. Through inactivation of slr2089 (shc), we explored the possibility to produce squalene using cyanobacteria. The inactivation led to accumulation of squalene, to a level over 70 times higher than in wild type cells, reaching 0.67 mg OD750(-1) L(-1). We did not observe any significant growth deficiency in the Δshc strain compared to the wild type Synechocystis, even at high light conditions, suggesting that the observed squalene accumulation was not detrimental to growth, and that formation of hopene by Shc is not crucial for growth under normal conditions, nor for high-light stress tolerance. Effects of different light intensities and growth stages on squalene accumulation in the Δshc strain were investigated. We also identified a gene, sll0513, as a putative squalene synthase in Synechocystis, and verified its function by inactivation. In this work, we show that it is possible to use the cyanobacterium Synechocystis to generate squalene, a hydrocarbon of commercial interest and a potential biofuel. We also report the first identification of a squalene hopene cyclase, and the second identification of squalene synthase, in cyanobacteria.
Inhibitory Interactions Between Spiny Projection Neurons in the Rat Striatum (2002)

The spiny projection neurons are by far the most numerous type of striatal neuron. In addition to being the principal projection neurons of the striatum, the spiny projection neurons also have an extensive network of local axon collaterals by which they make synaptic connections with other striatal projection neurons. However, up to now there has been no direct physiological evidence for functional inhibitory interactions between spiny projection neurons. Here we present new evidence that striatal projection neurons are interconnected by functional inhibitory synapses. To examine the physiological properties of unitary inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), dual intracellular recordings were made from pairs of spiny projection neurons in brain slices of adult rat striatum. Synaptic interactions were found in 9 of 45 pairs of neurons using averages of 200 traces that were triggered by a single presynaptic action potential. In all cases, synaptic interactions were unidirectional, and no bidirectional interactions were detected. Unitary IPSPs evoked by a single presynaptic action potential had a peak amplitude ranging from 157 to 319 microV in different connections (mean: 277 +/- 46 microV, n = 9). The percentage of failures of single action potentials to evoke a unitary IPSP was estimated and ranged from 9 to 63% (mean: 38 +/- 14%, n = 9). Unitary IPSPs were reversibly blocked by bicuculline (n = 4) and had a reversal potential of -62.4 +/- 0.7 mV (n = 5), consistent with GABA-mediated inhibition. The findings of the present study correlate very well with anatomical evidence for local synaptic connectivity between spiny projection neurons and suggest that lateral inhibition plays a significant role in the information processing operations of the striatum.
<title>Spectrally Resolved Flash X Radiography Of Laser Accelerated Targets</title> (1983)

The physics of the acceleration of planar foils to high velocities by laser-driven ablation is being studied for the inertial confinement fusion application. The motion and density of these foils was studied by spectrally resolved flash x radiography, using an imaging crystal spectrograph. These results will be compared to our earlier flash x-ray studies using pinhole camera imaging, which does not afford spectrally resolved images.
Application of Rhodamine 800 for Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatographic Detection Using Visible Diode Laser-Induced Fluorescence (1996)

This study reports the application of rhodamine 800, a far-red dye, suitable for excitation using visible diode laser-induced fluorescence (VDLIF) detection. A reagent synthesized from rhodamine 800 was evaluated as a precolumn reagent for derivatization with amino-containing analytes. The derivative of this reagent with primary amine analytes showed a loss of fluorescence. Rhodamine 800 was then applied as a mobile phase additive in the indirect mode for quantitation of valproic acid in plasma using reversed phase HPLC in combination with VDLIF detection. A visible diode laser (output power 8.50 mW) temperature-tuned to oscillate at 674.70 nm was used as a light source for a laboratory constructed HPLC fluorescence detector. A liquid/liquid extraction procedure was applied to human blank plasma. The selectivity of this method was validated by demonstration of a lack of interfering peaks in extracts of plasma (n = 3 sources). A calibration curve for valproic acid between 40 and 200 μg/mL was shown to be linear (r = 0.9932). The recoveries of valproic acid at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL were evaluated and determined to be 73 and 72%, respectively. The precision and accuracy (n = 5) of the assay was within 7.0% RSD and 8.0% difference from the spiked concentration, respectively. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) for extracted and unextracted valproic acid were 15.0 and 11.54 μg/mL, respectively. The theoretical (C(lim)) and practical (C(det)) limits of detection in the detector flow cell for unextracted valproic acid at a S/N = 1 were found to be within 15%.
NMDA receptors and central hyperalgesic states (1991)

Department of Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT U.K. ∗Correspondence to: Anthony H. Dickenson, Department of Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT U.K. Submitted and accepted May 20, 1991.
<title>Document image representation using XML technologies</title> (2001)

Electronic documents have gained wide acceptance due to the ease of editing and sharing of information. However, paper documents are still widely used in many environments. Moving into a paperless and distributed office has become a major goal for document image research. A new approach for form document representation is presented. This approach allows for electronic document sharing over the World Wide Web (WWW) using Extensible Markup Language (XML) technologies. Each document is mapped into three different views, an XML view to represent the preprinted and filled-in data, an XSL (Extensible style Sheets) view to represent the structure of the document, and a DTD (Document Type Definition) view to represent the document grammar and field constraints. The XML and XSL views are generated from a document template, either automatically using image processing techniques, or semi-automatically with minimal user interaction. The DTD representation may be fixed for general documents or may be generated semi-automatically by mining a number of filled-in document examples. Document templates need to be entered once to create the proposed representation. Afterwards, documents may be displayed, updated, or shared over the web. The merits of this approach are demonstrated using a number of examples of widely used forms.
Inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase by oxalyl amino acid derivatives <i>in vitro</i>, in isolated microsomes and in embryonic chicken tissues (1994)

The potency of oxalyl amino acid derivatives as inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase was studied in vitro, in isolated microsomes and in chicken embryonic-tissue culture. These compounds represent structural analogues of 2-oxoglutarate in which the -CH2- moiety at C-3 is replaced by -NH-, with or without further structural modifications. The most efficient inhibitor of purified prolyl 4-hydroxylase was oxalylglycine. Its mode of inhibition was competitive with respect to 2-oxoglutarate. The Ki value varied between 1.9 and 7.8 microM, depending on the variable substrate used. Oxalylalanine inhibited purified enzyme with a Ki of 40 microM. Other oxalyl amino acid derivatives showed little inhibitory activity. In microsomes isolated from embryonic chicken bone, oxalylglycine and oxalylalanine inhibited prolyl hydroxylation with IC50 values of 23 and 120 microM respectively. Dimethyloxalylglycine was not an inhibitor of purified prolyl 4-hydroxylase and only weakly active in the microsomal system, but efficiently suppressed hydroxyproline synthesis in embryonic chicken calvaria and lung. The data suggest that dimethyloxalyl amino acids are converted into active inhibitors in intact cells, most likely in the cytoplasmic compartment.
Lipase-surfactant interactions (2008)

Interactions between different amphiphiles and Rhizomucor miehei lipase were investigated by a variety of techniques. Complex formation in aqueous bulk solution was studied using surface tension measurements. Interactions at the oil-water and the solid-water interfaces were investigated by measuring mobility of emulsion droplets and by ellipsometry, respectively. The results from the different methods were coherent and indicated that cationic surfactants form complex with the lipase over a broad pH range, also below the isoelectric point of the lipase. No such interactions were found for neither anionic or nonionic surfactants. It is postulated that the interaction between cationic surfactant and lipase is due to a combination of electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction and that no such combined interaction occurs with anionic surfactants. The interaction between cationic surfactant and lipase leads to a reduction of reaction rate in lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of a palm oil. It is also shown that in the same model reaction a normal straight chain alcohol ethoxylate is a substrate for the lipase. An appreciable amount of fatty acid ester of the surfactant is formed as biproduct of the reaction. Branched-tail alcohol ethoxylates are not substrates and appear not to be competitive inhibitors for the enzyme. Likewise, the double-tailed ester surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) seems not to interact with the enzyme active site. Thus, anionic and nonionic surfactants with bulky hydrophobic tails are the preferred surfactants for microemulsion-based reactions with Rhizomucor miehei lipase as catalyst.
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with hydrolyzable lactic acid ester side groups: a new type of thermosensitive polymer (1999)

N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) was copolymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-monolactate (HEMA-monolactate). With increasing HEMA-monolactate content in the copolymer, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) decreases. During incubation in an aqueous solution, the lactate groups are released by hydrolysis, by which the copolymer is converted into poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA). By this process, the hydrophilicity of the copolymer increases, resulting in increased LCST values.
Social Entrepreneurship and Research Methods (2014)

Social Entrepreneurship and Research Methods focuses on research gaps in the growing field of social entrepreneurship and highlights a number of methodological approaches involving novel data sources and quantitative and qualitative techniques to build knowledge concerning the determinants of social enterprise success.
Automated Draping Processes for CFRP-Parts at Self-heated Preform- and Curing-Toolings (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The high manufacturing-rate of CFRP-parts for aerospace components is demanding for efficient solutions in the field of automated systems and intelligent toolings. Combining these two factors the production of CFRP-parts is becoming more efficient than using this separately or even better than using manual processes and conventional toolings.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The department of Production Systems within Premium AEROTEC has developed both self heating toolings for preforming and curing of CFRP-parts as w ell as automated handling and draping systems for CFRP-material (i.e. dry laminates or prepreg). This will be presented in this article.</div>
An incremental extremely random forest classifier for online learning and tracking (2009)

Decision trees have been widely used for online learning classification. Many approaches usually need large data stream to finish decision trees induction, as show notable limitations (even fail) with small data stream. In fact, there exist many real instances with small data stream. In the paper, we propose a novel incremental extremely random forest algorithm, dealing with online learning classification with small streaming data. In our method, arriving examples are stored at the leaf nodes and used to determine when to split the leaf nodes combined with Gini index, so the trees can be expanded efficiently with a few examples. Our algorithm has been applied to solve both online learning and video object tracking problems, and the results on UCI datasets and challenging video sequences demonstrate its effectiveness and robustness.
Generic Wireless Power Transfer and Data Communication System Based on a Novel Modulation Technique (2020)

This paper presents a wireless power and downlink data transfer system for medical implants operating over a single 10 MHz inductive link. The system is based on a Carrier Width Modulation (CWM) scheme for high-speed communication and efficient power delivery using a novel modulator circuit design. Unlike conventional modulation techniques, the data rate of the proposed CWM is not limited by the quality factors of the primary and secondary coils. The functionality of the new modulation method is proven using a hybrid implementation comprising a custom-integrated demodulator circuit and board-level discrete components. The proposed Wireless Power and Data Transfer (WPDT) system is also capable of operating under a wide range of data rates. It allows a maximum data rate of 3.33 Mb/s for a maximum power delivery of 6.1 mW at 1 cm coils separation distance. The system can recover more power, reaching 55 mW at 100 kb/s. Due to the system genericity, an operator can select the best compromise between power and data rates in accordance to application or current need, without reconfiguring the receiver. Another advantage of this modulation technique is the simple implementation and the ultra-low power consumption of the CWM demodulator despite its high-speed demodulation.
Phosphonopeptides as antibacterial agents: metabolism and pharmacokinetics of alafosfalin in animals and humans (1979)

The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of a synthetic antibacterial phosphonodipeptide, alafosfalin, have been studied in rats, baboons, and human volunteers. The compound was rapidly absorbed from the injection site after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration and gave peak plasma concentrations at 15 to 20 min after dosing. Distribution studies showed that high drug concentrations were produced in inflammatory exudates and most tissues except brain. Alafosfalin was rapidly cleared from the general circulation, mainly by the kidney. Plasma half-lives were 20 min in rats and approximately 1 h in baboons and humans. Alafosfalin was well absorbed after oral administration, but was extensively hydrolyzed to alanine and L-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid before it reached the general circulation. This first-pass metabolism was less marked in humans than in animals. Administration of 200-mg intramuscular and 500-mg oral doses produced concentrations of intact phosphonodipeptide in human plasma and urine which were in excess of the in vitro minimal inhibitory concentrations for many pathogenic organisms. The rate of absorption and elimination of alafosfalin in humans were also very similar to published data on beta-lactam antibiotics. This suggests that the pharmacokinetics can be matched to provide synergistic combinations for clinical use.
RFC 6104: rogue IPv6 Router Advertisement problem statement (2011)

When deploying IPv6, whether IPv6-only or dual-stack, routers are configured to send IPv6 Router Advertisements (RAs) to convey information to nodes that enable them to autoconfigure on the network. This information includes the implied default router address taken from the observed source address of the RA message, as well as on-link prefix information. However, unintended misconfigurations by users or administrators, or possibly malicious attacks on the network, may lead to bogus RAs being present, which in turn can cause operational problems for hosts on the network. In this document, we summarise the scenarios in which rogue RAs may be observed and present a list of possible solutions to the problem. We focus on the unintended causes of rogue RAs in the text. The goal of this text is to be Informational, and as such to present a framework around which solutions can be proposed and discussed.
Bonding Semiconductor Laser Chips : Substrate Material Figure of Merit and Die Attach Layer Influence (2005)

Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/5920)
DEHYDROISOANDROSTERYL MERCAPTAN (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDEHYDROISOANDROSTERYL MERCAPTANSEYMOUR BERNSTEIN and KARL J. SAXCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 5, 679–684Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01145a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01145a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Formation and Coalescence Stability of Emulsions Stabilized by Different Milk Proteins (1992)

ABSTRACT The volume fraction of oil emulsified, surface area, droplet diameter, and coalescence rates of emulsions stabilized by different milk proteins were studied at protein concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% (w/w); pH 4, 5, and 7; and ionic strengths 0.1 and 0.2. The emulsion activity index (EAI) and coalescence stability generally increased with increasing protein solubility and hydrophobicity. The volume fraction of oil emulsified decreased with increasing ionic strength. Coalescence stability correlated with droplet diameter for emulsions stabilized by α‐lactalbumin, β‐lactoglobulin, and sodium caseinate (r 2 =0.96). With the exception of β‐lactoglobulin‐stabilized emulsions, coalescence stability was largely unaffected by pH.
Predicting ligand-binding function in families of bacterial receptors (2000)

The three-dimensional fold of a new protein sequence can often be inferred directly from sequence homology to a protein of known structure. The function of a new protein sequence is more difficult to predict, however, since homologues can have different molecular and cellular functions. To develop and automate computational methods for determining molecular function, we have analyzed ligand-binding specificity in two related families of binding proteins. One of these families includes Escherichia coli lactose repressor and ribose-binding protein, and the other includes E. coli sulfate- and phosphate-binding proteins. These proteins have similar folds but varying specificity, binding many different small molecules, including mono- and disaccharides, purines, oxyanions, ferric iron, and polyamines. Starting from template structural alignments, alignments of over 90 sequences per family were generated by iterative database searches with hidden Markov models. Phylogenetic trees were made of full-length sequences and of subsets of residues lining the binding cleft, to determine whether subbranches of the trees correlate with ligand-binding preference. Automated analyses of residues in the binding pocket were also used to predict ligand-binding function for many uncharacterized database sequences and to identify specific side chain-ligand contacts in proteins without solved structures. Our results demonstrate the utility of anchoring functional annotation within a protein family context.