gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial activity of polystyrene particles coated by photo-crosslinked block copolymers containing a biocidal polymethacrylate block (2005)

Abstract A commercially available poly(ethylene -co- butylene) copolymer, endcapped by a short polyisoprene block and a hydroxyl group (PI -b- PEB-OH), has been derivatized into a macroinitiator for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) by esterification of the hydroxyl end-group by an activated bromidecontaining acyl bromide. Two types of triblock copolymers, PI -b- PEB -b- poly- (dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and PI -b- PEB -b- poly[2-( tert- butylamino) ethyl methacrylate] (PTBAEMA), have been synthesized and used to coat polystyrene particles. These coatings have been permanently immobilized by UV cross-linking of the isoprene units. They exhibit a biocidal activity against Gramnegative bacteria either intrinsically in case of the PTBAEMA block or upon quaternization of the PDMAEMA block by octyl bromide. The antimicrobial activity is directly related to the concentration of coated PS particles in the medium.
D<sub>3</sub> receptor ligands modulate extracellular dopamine clearance in the nucleus accumbens (2002)

An involvement of the D(3) dopamine receptor in the regulation of extracellular dopamine has been suggested. However, the mechanisms mediating this effect are unclear. We have used the technique of no net flux microdialysis under transient conditions to examine the influence of the D(3) -preferring agonist (+)-PD128907 upon extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens of the mouse. (+)-PD 128907 (0.1 mg/kg intraperitoneally) significantly decreased extracellular dopamine. This decrease was associated with a marked increase in the extraction fraction, which suggests an increase in dopamine clearance. The ability of D(3) -preferring compounds to modulate dopamine uptake was investigated in vitro using rotating disk electrode voltammetry. (+)-PD 128907 (10 nm) significantly increased the initial clearance rate of 3 microm dopamine in rat nucleus accumbens tissue suspensions. Kinetic analysis revealed no change in the apparent K (m) of uptake but it showed a 33% increase in V (max). In contrast, the D(3) antagonist GR 103691 (10 nm) significantly decreased dopamine uptake. Consistent with the low levels of D(3) receptors in the dorsal striatum, neither compound affected uptake in tissue suspensions from this brain region. These data indicate that D(3) receptor activation increases dopamine uptake in the nucleus accumbens and suggest that this receptor subtype can regulate extracellular dopamine by modulating the DA transporter activity.
Quantization error and dithering (1994)

Digital storage and transmission promise noise-free images, but it is important to keep in mind that even digital is not perfect. Digital images have their own sources of noise: round-off error and quantization error. Whenever you do any sort of image arithmetic, such as contrast enhancement or compositing, you get roundoff error. In fact, since the arithmetic is often done in only X-bit accuracy, sometimes the round-off error can be substantial. You get quantization error, on the other hand, whenever you go from an analog signal to a digital signal or whenever you go from a high color-resolution signal (for example, 24 bits per pixel) to a low resolution signal (for example, 8 bits per pixel). The author considers the quantization error from analog to digital.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Increased alanine dehydrogenase activity during dormancy in Mycobacterium smegmatis (1998)

The aerobic fast-growing Mycobacterium smegmatis has, like its slow-growing pathogenic counterpart M. tuberculosis, the capability to adapt to anaerobiosis by shifting down to a drug resistant dormant state. Here, we report the identification of the first enzyme, l-alanine dehydrogenase, whose specific activity is increased during dormancy development in M. smegmatis. This mycobacterial enzyme activity was previously identified as the 40-kDa antigen in M. tuberculosis and shows a preference for the reductive amination of pyruvate to alanine at physiological pH. The determination of the temporal profile of alanine dehydrogenase activity during dormancy development showed that the activity stayed at a low baseline level during the initial aerobic exponential growth phase (0.7 mU mg−1 min−1). After termination of aerobic growth, alanine dehydrogenase activity increased rapidly 5-fold. As oxygen becomes more and more limiting, the enzyme activity declined until it reached a level about two-third that of the peak value. The strong induction immediately after deflection from aerobic growth suggests that alanine might be required for the adaptation from aerobic growth to anaerobic dormancy. As alanine synthesis is coupled to NADH oxidation, we propose that the induction of alanine dehydrogenase activity might also support the maintenance of the NAD pool when oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor becomes limiting.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Epoxidation of an Aliphatic Polycarbonate from 2,2-(2-Pentene-1,5-diyl)trimethylene Carbonate (<sup>c</sup>HTC) Ring-Opening Polymerization (1997)

2,2-(2-Pentene-1,5-diyl)trimethylene carbonate (cHTC) was synthesized from cyclohexene-4,4-dimethanol in high yield (>80%). This new carbonate monomer was successfully ring-open polymerized to form P(cHTC) in bulk at 90 °C using various organometallic catalysts including aluminoxanes (methyl and isobutyl), BunSnCl4-n (n = 1, 2, 3), BunSn(OMe)4-n (n = 2, 3), ZnEt2, and ZnEt2−H2O. Comparison of these systems showed that the Zn- and Al-based catalysts were preferred for the preparation of high molecular weight polymers in yields ≥89% and reaction times of ≤8 h. For the BunSnX4-n catalysts investigated, values of n = 1 when X is Cl and n = 2 when X is OMe resulted in relatively greater polymerization rates and higher polymer molecular weights. The effects of reaction time and monomer/catalyst molar ratio were investigated for the Al and Zn catalysts. An outcome of this study was determining that the ZnEt2−H2O (1/0.5) catalyst for a monomer/catalyst (M/C) molar ratio of 400 and a 2 h reaction time gave a product with Mn = 276 000 in 98% yield. The P(cHTC) products were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DSC, TGA, and GPC. NMR results showed that cHTC decarboxylation did not occur during chain propagation. P(cHTC) has a moderate glass transition temperature (Tg = 30 °C) with high thermal stability. 13C NMR at 62.5 MHz did not resolve chain diad sequences although the polymers are likely atactic. Epoxidation of P(cHTC) vinyl side groups was carried out to various extents by using 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid at room temperature.
Blind high-resolution localization and tracking of multiple frequency hopped signals (2002)

This paper considers the problem of blind localization and tracking of multiple frequency-hopped spread-spectrum signals using a uniform linear antenna array without knowledge of hopping patterns or directions of arrival. As a preprocessing step, we propose to identify a hop-free subset of data by discarding high-entropy spectral slices from the spectrogram. High-resolution localization is then achieved via either quadrilinear regression of four-way data generated by capitalizing on both spatial and temporal shift invariance or a new maximum likelihood (ML)-based two-dimensional (2-D) harmonic retrieval algorithm. The latter option achieves the best-known model identifiability bound while remaining close to the Cramer-Rao bound even at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Following beamforming using the recovered directions, a dynamic programming approach is developed for joint ML estimation of signal frequencies and hop instants in single-user tracking. The efficacy of the proposed algorithms is illustrated in pertinent simulations.
A Selected Public Health Bibliography (1952)

A Selected Public Health Bibliography Affiliation Raymond S. Patterson CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.42.7.874 Published Online: August 29, 2011
High-dimensional visual vocabularies for image retrieval (2007)

In this paper we formulate image retrieval by text query as a vector space classification problem. This is achieved by creating a high-dimensional visual vocabulary that represents the image documents in great detail. We show how the representation of these image documents enables the application of well known text retrieval techniques such as Rocchio tf-idf and naíve Bayes to the semantic image retrieval problem. We tested these methods on a Corel images subset and achieve state-of-the-art retrieval performance using the proposed methods.
Inconsistency and Contradiction (1981)

Inconsistency and Contradiction Get access JOHN N. WILLIAMS JOHN N. WILLIAMS UNIVERSITY OF HULL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume XC, Issue 360, October 1981, Pages 600–602, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/XC.360.600 Published: 01 October 1981
IMMUNIZATION OF BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOG AGAINST PLAGUE THROUGH CONSUMPTION OF VACCINE-LADEN BAITS (2008)

Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) are highly susceptible to Yersinia pestis and, along with other wild rodents, are significant reservoirs of plague for other wildlife and humans in the western United States. A recombinant raccoon poxvirus, expressing the F1 antigen of Y. pestis, was incorporated into a palatable bait and offered to three groups (n = 18, 19, and 20) of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) for voluntary consumption, either one, two, or three times, at roughly 3-wk intervals. A control group (n = 19) received baits containing raccoon poxvirus without the inserted antigen. Mean antibody titers to Y. pestis F1 antigen increased significantly in all groups ingesting the vaccine-laden baits, whereas the control group remained negative. Upon challenge with virulent Y. pestis, immunized groups had higher survival rates (38%) than the unimmunized control group (11%). The mean survival time of groups ingesting vaccine-laden baits either two or three times was significantly higher than that of animals ingesting vaccine-laden baits just one time and of animals in the control group. These results show that oral immunization of prairie dogs against plague provides some protection against challenge at dosages that simulate simultaneous delivery of the plague bacterium by numerous (3-10) flea bites.
<i>Providencia stuartii</i> Genes Activated by Cell-to-Cell Signaling and Identification of a Gene Required for Production or Activity of an Extracellular Factor (1999)

By utilizing reporter transposons, five Providencia stuartii genes that are activated by the accumulation of self-produced extracellular signals have been identified. These genes have been designated cma for conditioned medium activated. The presence of conditioned medium from stationary-phase cultures grown in rich media resulted in the premature activation of each gene in cells at early log phase, with activation values ranging from 6- to 26-fold. Preparation of conditioned medium from an M9 salts medium and fractionation by gel filtration chromatography resulted in fractions within the included volume which activated three of the cma fusions. In addition, depending on the reporter fusion, peak activity was found in different fractions. The partially purified factors activated in a dose-dependent manner. Characterization of the factors activating the cma fusions indicated that they were stable to heat, alkali, and acid. Furthermore, for each cma fusion, factor activity was not reproduced by the addition of homoserine lactone, homocysteine thiolactone, pyruvate, Casamino Acids, or alpha-ketoglutarate. The identities of three cma genes have been determined and revealed physiological roles in amino acid biosynthesis and nutrient import. To begin to address the pathways for production of or response to the extracellular factors, we have identified a locus, aarA, that is required for the activation of four cma fusions. The AarA product was required for factor activity in extracellular supernatants, indicating a possible role in biosynthesis or export.
Predicting Energy Expenditure of Physical Activity Using Hip- and Wrist-Worn Accelerometers (2003)

To investigate the association between physical activity and health, we need accurate and detailed free-living physical activity measurements. The determination of energy expenditure of activity (EEACT) may also be useful in the treatment and maintenance of nutritional diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Minute-to-minute energy expenditure during a 24-h period was measured in 60 sedentary normal female volunteers (35.4 +/- 9.0 years, body mass index 30.0 +/- 5.9 kg/m2), using a state-of-the-art whole-room indirect calorimeter. The activities ranged from sedentary deskwork to walking and stepping at different intensities. Body movements were simultaneously measured using a hip-worn triaxial accelerometer (Tritrac-R3D, Hemokentics, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin) and a wrist-worn uniaxial accelerometer (ActiWatch AW64, MiniMitter Co., Sunriver, Oregon) on the dominant arm. Movement data from the accelerometers were used to develop nonlinear prediction models (separately and combined) to estimate EEACT and compared for accuracy. In a subgroup (n=12), a second 24-h study period was repeated for cross-validation of the combined model. The combined model, using Tritrac-R3D and ActiWatch, accurately estimated total EEACT (97.7 +/- 3.2% of the measured values, p=0.781), as compared with using ActiWatch (86.0 +/- 4.7%, p<0.001) or Tritrac-R3D (90.0 +/- 4.6%, p<0.001) alone. This model was also accurate for all intensity categories during various physical activities. The subgroup cross-validation also showed accurate and reproducible predictions by the combination model. In this study, we demonstrated that movement measured using accelerometers at the hip and wrist could be used to accurately predict EEACT of various types and intensity of activities. This concept can be extended to develop valid models for the accurate measurement of free-living energy metabolism in clinical populations.
Application of Ceria in CO<sub>2</sub> Conversion Catalysis (2019)

The growing threat of global climate change has received increasing attention in recent years. The conversion of CO2 to fuels and chemicals is vital for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and neutralizing the negative impacts of CO2 emissions on the environment. Various CO2 conversion routes have been proposed on the basis of heterogeneous catalysis. However, the development of a high-performance catalyst with satisfactory activity and selectivity remains challenging. In past decades, the role of ceria in activating CO2 under mild conditions has been widely demonstrated, which has inspired the design of novel heterogeneous catalysts and contributed to the extensive catalytic applications in CO2 conversion reactions. The applications of ceria have been studied in three groups of CO2 conversion reactions, including hydrogenation of CO2, activation of CO2 with alkanes, and nonreductive CO2 transformations. Investigations into these reactions show that CeO2 is a highly tunable material with great potential for CO2 catalysis due to its unique properties such as abundant oxygen vacancy and metal–support interaction. The catalytic performance of CeO2-based catalysts can be improved by various strategies including metal doping, forming mixed oxides or solid solution, as well as morphological control. Future works are proposed to address the challenges in current research and to further advance the CeO2-based catalysts in CO2 conversion reactions.
An introduction to modern algebra, by Burton W. Jones. Pp xiii, 366. £4·75. 1975. SBN 0 02 361250 (Collier-Macmillan) (1976)

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Incidence and nature of peritoneal catheter biofilm determined by electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy (1994)

Thirty-two Tenckhoff catheters retrieved from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients with a history of peritonitis were examined for microbial biofilm. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was successfully employed to visualize bacteria in biofilm occluded from view by scanning electron microscopy. Occluded but viable microbial biofilm was associated with 17 (81%) catheters from patients free from infection following renal transplant. Mixed isolate biofilm with two or more isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci or Staphylococcus aureus was found on 41% of these catheters. Clearly visible viable biofilm consisting exclusively of Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurred on all four catheters removed due to recurrent peritonitis. Five (71%) catheters retrieved from patients transferred to haemodialysis had viable biofilm. Antibiotic sensitivities of the biofilm isolates were similar in profile to those reported for non-biofilm isolates from infected dialysate. Persistence of catheter biofilm despite direct contact with therapeutic levels of antibiotics in peritoneal dialysate requires that attention be directed towards improving antibiotic efficacy against peritonitis-causing bacteria in biofilm form.
Our virtual reference training camp: testing the players before signing them on (2003)

This library team wanted to get into the live reference game, but it didn't want to go in umprepared. So these librarians lined up three of the major players in the field and gave them a real workout over several months. The authors explain who made their final cut and why.
Weight control scheme for MIMO system with multiple transmit and receive beamforming (2004)

This paper presents a weight control scheme for multiple transmit and receive beamforming in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channels. First, we describe the theoretical conditions of the transmit and receive weights to achieve maximum channel capacity in the presence of interference and noise. Second, we propose a weight control scheme for a MIMO system for efficient transmission. The proposed method uses a round trip control signal before starting communications to determine suitable transmit and receive weights. The numerical results show that the proposed method achieves a high throughput in both Rayleigh and Rician channels.
A Review of Traffic Grooming in WDM Optical Networks: Architectures and Challenges (2002)

The transmission capacity of a link in today’s optical networks has increased significantly due to wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology. The network performance is now mainly limited by the processing capability of the network elements, which are mainly electronic. By efficiently grooming low-speed traffic streams onto high-capacity optical channels, it is possible to minimize this electronic processing and eventually increase the network performance. Traffic grooming is an emerging topic that has been gaining more research and commercial attention. Most previous research on traffic grooming is mainly based on the ring network topology. It is expected that there will be much more interest on the mesh topology suitable for long-haul, widearea networks. This paper reviews most of the recent research work on traffic grooming in WDM ring and mesh networks. Various network and node architectures for different traffic -grooming scenarios are compared and discussed. * This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant Nos. NCR-9508239 andANI-9805286, and by Sprint Advanced Technology Laboratories (ATL).
An Electrochemical and Infrared Study of Chloranil in n‐Butylpyridinium Chloride:Aluminum Chloride Ionic Liquid (1982)

The electrochemical behavior of tetrachlorobenzoquinone (chloranil, ) has been studied in the aluminum chloride‐n‐butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid system. The reduction of chloranil proceeds in a two‐electron step, giving rise to the dianion. Both the electrochemistry and infrared spectroscopy appear to indicate that, depending on the acidity of the system, chloranil is complexed by , initially on the carbonyl oxygen, and on the ring chlorines. The second carbonyl appears to remain uncomplexed. Large shifts in the reduction potential for chloranil are observed as the solvent acidity (mol ratio of to ) is varied, indicating the extensive degree of interaction of the solute with the solvent. Cyclic voltammetry indicates the presence of one or as many as three species, depending on the acidity, which are concluded to be in rather slow equilibrium. Nernst plots of the potential of an indicator electrode as a function of the ratio indicate potentiometric reversibility; at a fixed ratio, the potential variation as a function of melt acidity indicates a gain of three molecules per relative to , suggesting that it is complexed by six molecules in the acid system.
Caracterización estructural y térmica de almidones provenientes de diferentes variedades de papa (2013)

Utilizando análisis fisicoquímico, estructural y térmico, se evaluaron almidones de las variedades de papa Parda Pastusa (P), Tuquerreña (T), ICA Huila (IH), ICA Puracé (IP), ICA Única (IU), Criolla Latina (C) y R-12 (R), cultivadas en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. En cada una de ellas se determinaron los contenidos\nde ceniza y proteína siguiendo métodos de la AOAC, humedad utilizando un analizador, estructura\ncristalina mediante difracción de rayos-X (DRX) y propiedades térmicas utilizando calorimetría diferencial\nde barrido (DSC). Se encontraron diferencias significativas (P &lt; 0.05) entre los contenidos de humedad en almidones. El almidón de la variedad IU presentó el mayor contenido de ceniza y el de la variedad T, el menor. Los difractogramas mostraron para todas las variedades patrones de cristalinidad tipo B; no obstante el almidón de las variedades IP, P, IU, T y IH presentó un patrón más cristalino que el de las variedades C y R. Los termogramas de los almidones mostraron el primer y segundo pico endotérmico, entre 123 y 163 J/g y entre 141 y 213.3 J/g, respectivamente, para las variedades IP, P, IU, T y IH; mientras que para los almidonesde las variedades C y R estos valores fueron entre 68 y 77 J/g y entre 334 y 358 J/g, respectivamente.
Magneto-Optical deflector with nematic liquid crystals (1980)

In this paper we report a new metod for optical switching based on the magneto-optical properties of liquid crystal materials. In order to improve previous response times, we used a wedge structure.
Support for research (1985)

I have much sympathy with many of the points that Professor Dugdale made in regard to the shift of emphasis in the SERC's policy on research grants (Physics Bulletin December 1984 p497). He is right to stress that applications very often come from the most unexpected directions.