gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear transplantation in pigs: M-phase karyoplast to M-phase cytoplast fusion. (1996)

Porcine embryonic fibroblasts in M-phase were isolated from confluent cultures by selective detachment and fused to homologous metaphase II enucleated oocytes. The fusion products were analysed by light and electron microscopy (EM). The fusion treatment, per se, did not induce the disappearance of the maturation promoting factor (MPF) in the cloned embryos and the transferred chromatin remained condensed for up to 10 h. Spontaneous decondensation started after this time and, at about 20 h post-induction of fusion, a single large nucleus was present in the cytoplasm. The prolonged exposure of introduced chromatin to MPF resulted in a total morphological remodelling as assessed by the nucleolar morphology observed by EM in all the specimens.
Realtime perception for catching a flying ball with a mobile humanoid (2011)

This paper presents a realtime perception system for catching flying balls with DLR's humanoid Rollin' Justin. We use a two-staged bottom up approach in which we first detect balls as circles and feed these measurements into a multiple hypothesis tracker (MHT). The novel circle detection scheme works in realistic scenes without tuning parameters or background assumptions. We extend the classical multi-hypothesis tracking with prior information about the expected trajectories, therefore limiting the number of hypotheses in the first place. Since the robot starts moving while the ball is still tracked, the cameras shake heavily. A 6-DOF inertial measurements unit (IMU) is integrated to compensate this motion. Using ground-truth from a marker based tracking system we evaluate the metrical accuracy of the motion compensation as well as the tracker's prediction accuracy while in motion.
COMPARISON OF THREE OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE METHODS FOR AN AUTONOMOUS GUIDED VEHICLE (2002)

Obstacle avoidance is one of the most critical factors in the design of autonomous vehicles such as mobile robots.One of the major challenges in designing intelligent vehicles capable of autonomous travel on highways is reliable obstacle avoidance.Obstacle avoidance may be divided into two parts, obstacle detection and avoidance control.Numerous methods for obstacle avoidance have been suggested and research in this area of robotics is done extensively.Three different methods for obstacle detection and avoidance are available on the BEARCAT III.These include fixed mounting of sonar sensors, a rotating sonar sensor and a laser scanner.The fixed mounting system uses two sonar sensors which are mounted at the outer front edges of the vehicle.The rotating sonar system consists of a Polaroid ultrasound transducer element mounted on a micro motor with an encoder feedback.The motion of this motor is controlled using a Galil DMC 1000 motion control board.It is possible to obtain range readings at known angles with respect to the center of the robot.The laser range scanner system consists of a SICK Optics laser scanner which returns a two dimensional profile of the horizontal region in front of the vehicle.The data from these systems can be used to detect and avoid obstacles.The systems were tested in July 2002 at the International Ground Robotics Competition.The BEARCAT III placed third in the autonomous challenge contest.This test bed system provides experimental evaluation of the tradeoffs among the systems in terms of resolution, range and computation speed as well as mounting arrangements.The significance of this work is in the increased understanding of obstacle avoidance for robot control and the applicatio ns of autonomous guided vehicle technology for industry, defense and medicine.
Target RNA-directed tailing and trimming purifies the sorting of endo-siRNAs between the two <i>Drosophila</i> Argonaute proteins (2010)

In flies, 22-23-nucleotide (nt) microRNA duplexes typically contain mismatches and begin with uridine, so they bind Argonaute1 (Ago1), whereas 21-nt siRNA duplexes are perfectly paired and begin with cytidine, promoting their loading into Ago2. A subset of Drosophila endogenous siRNAs-the hairpin-derived hp-esiRNAs-are born as mismatched duplexes that often begin with uridine. These would be predicted to load into Ago1, yet accumulate at steady-state bound to Ago2. In vitro, such hp-esiRNA duplexes assemble into Ago1. In vivo, they encounter complementary target mRNAs that trigger their tailing and trimming, causing Ago1-loaded hp-esiRNAs to be degraded. In contrast, Ago2-associated hp-esiRNAs are 2'-O-methyl modified at their 3' ends, protecting them from tailing and trimming. Consequently, the steady-state distribution of esiRNAs reflects not only their initial sorting between Ago1 and Ago2 according to their duplex structure, length, and first nucleotide, but also the targeted destruction of the single-stranded small RNAs after their loading into an Argonaute protein.
Adsorption Characteristics of Norfloxacin to Pharmaceutical Additives (1988)

Norfloxacin is a very potent drug, adsorption of even a few milligrams of this drug may account for a significant fraction of total dose, hence, adsorption effect might be of great significance. The results of in vitro adsorption studies of norfloxacin to different pharmaceutical additives are plotted on the basis of Langmuir Equation. The linear nature of the adsorption isotherms shows that the adsorption process is due to monomolecular layer. Adsorption constants were calculated to determine the binding capacity of this drug to various additives. The adsorbents with their decreasing binding capacity are as follows:Activated charcoal (33.0 × 10−3) > Bentonite (17.0 × 10−3) > Kaolin (9.5 × 10−3) > Methyl cellulose (8.6 × 10−3) > Potato starch (7.4 × 10−3) > Talc (6.0 × 10−3)The mechanism of adsorption has been discussed in light of physical characteristics of the adsorbents.
A study of Persistent Threads style GPU programming for GPGPU workloads (2012)

In this paper, we characterize and analyze an increasingly popular style of programming for the GPU called Persistent Threads (PT). We present a concise formal definition for this programming style, and discuss the difference between the traditional GPU programming style (nonPT) and PT, why PT is attractive for some high-performance usage scenarios, and when using PT may or may not be appropriate. We identify limitations of the nonPT style and identify four primary use cases it could be useful in addressing-CPU-GPU synchronization, load balancing/irregular parallelism, producer-consumer locality, and global synchronization. Through micro-kernel benchmarks we show the PT approach can achieve up to an order-of-magnitude speedup over nonPT kernels, but can also result in performance loss in many cases. We conclude by discussing the hardware and software fundamentals that will influence the development of Persistent Threads as a programming style in future systems.
A heterogeneous multiprocessor architecture for flexible media processing (2002)

Eclipse is a scalable architecture template for designing data-dependent stream-processing subsystems of media-processing SoCs. It combines application configuration flexibility with the efficiency of function-specific coprocessors that concurrently execute the tasks of one or more applications.
Theory of an Adaptive Quantizer (1974)

In an adaptive quantizer that has been used for speech encoding, the entire amplitude range expands or contracts by a multiplicative constant after each input sample. The constant M <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> depends only on the magnitude of the current quantizer output. Assuming independent identically distributed input samples, we show that the sequence of quantizer ranges is a stochastically stable process. Furthermore, we derive a key design equation, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Sigma p_{i}x</tex> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">logM_{i} = O</tex> , where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p_{i}(x)</tex> is the probability that an input sample is in the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</tex> th magnitude interval when the ratio of quantizer range to rms signal level is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</tex> . A designer may specify <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</tex> and solve this equation for multipliers that provide the desired steady-state performance. There are many such sets of multipliers and we show that the adaptation time constant associated with each set decreases as the ratio of the largest multiplier to the smallest multiplier is increased. On the other hand, the spread of the steady-state range distribution about the operating point can be made as small as desired by making this ratio sufficiently small. A bound is obtained for the tradeoff between responsiveness to changing input level and steady-state range accuracy.
S layer protein A of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> NCFM regulates immature dendritic cell and T cell functions (2008)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that play an essential role in mucosal tolerance. They regularly encounter beneficial intestinal bacteria, but the nature of these cellular contacts and the immune responses elicited by the bacteria are not entirely elucidated. Here, we examined the interactions of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and its cell surface compounds with DCs. L. acidophilus NCFM attached to DCs and induced a concentration-dependent production of IL-10, and low IL-12p70. We further demonstrated that the bacterium binds to DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), a DC- specific receptor. To identify the DC-SIGN ligand present on the bacterium, we took advantage of a generated array of L. acidophilus NCFM mutants. A knockout mutant of L. acidophilus NCFM lacking the surface (S) layer A protein (SlpA) was significantly reduced in binding to DC-SIGN. This mutant incurred a chromosomal inversion leading to dominant expression of a second S layer protein, SlpB. In the SlpB-dominant strain, the nature of the interaction of this bacterium with DCs changed dramatically. Higher concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12p70, TNFalpha, and IL-1beta were produced by DCs interacting with the SlpB-dominant strain compared with the parent NCFM strain. Unlike the SlpA-knockout mutant, T cells primed with L. acidophilus NCFM stimulated DCs produced more IL-4. The SlpA-DC-SIGN interaction was further confirmed as purified SlpA protein ligated directly to the DC-SIGN. In conclusion, the major S layer protein, SlpA, of L. acidophilus NCFM is the first probiotic bacterial DC-SIGN ligand identified that is functionally involved in the modulation of DCs and T cells functions.
<title>Autonomous negotiation of freeway traffic</title> (1995)

This paper presents a new approach for autonomously negotiating freeway traffic. It is based on the concept of Velocity Obstacle (VO) which maps the set of vehicle's velocities that would result in a collision with the other moving vehicles. The Velocity Obstacle is computed by measuring the relative velocities and positions of the neighboring vehicles. The vehicle then negotiates through the moving traffic by selecting velocities that are out of that set, but are directed towards the intermediate goal, which may be an exit ramp or another lane. The computation of the VO and the feasible velocity is repeated at regular time intervals, to account for the time evolution of the freeway traffic. This representation can be used to automatically plan the vehicle's motion, or to advise the driver of potential unsafe maneuvers. For automatic planning, we developed heuristics that select the safe velocity based on the location of the goal and the acceptable risk level of the maneuvering vehicle. For advisory purposes, we developed a graphic representation of the VO which clearly shows the unsafe velocities to be avoided at all times. Attempting to drive at an unsafe velocity may sound an alarm and suggest a corrective maneuver. This representation is computationally efficient, and is applicable for on-line planning and warning. The method is demonstrated in simulations for planning the trajectory of an automated vehicle in an Intelligent vehicle Highway System (IVHS) scenario.
PROFORMA: Proactive Forensics with Message Analytics (2017)

Proactive forensics uses the investigative principles of digital forensics to develop automated techniques that prevent cybercrime. One such prevention-minded methodology is PROFORMA, a prototype system that continuously evaluates the trustworthiness and risk of social communications.
Polysialic Acid of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule in the Human Thyroid (1994)

We recently reported that the gold-labeled monoclonal antibody MAb 735, reactive with a long-chain form of alpha-2,8-linked polysialic acid (polySia) found on the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), is useful to immunohistochemically distinguish small-cell lung carcinomas from neuroendocrine carcinomas with higher grade of differentiation (carcinoids) and other types of lung carcinomas (Am J Pathol 1991;139:297). In this study, we tested the occurrence of polySia in various types of malignant thyroid tumors and C-cell hyperplasia to determine whether polySia is a useful adjunct for the differential diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and other thyroid neoplasms and to distinguish primary from secondary (reactive) C-cell hyperplasia (CCH). We examined formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of 79 thyroid lesions, consisting of 33 MTC (14 familial and 19 sporadic tumors), 13 follicular, 11 papillary, 16 anaplastic carcinomas, and four glands with primary and two with secondary CCH. We applied a direct and an indirect immunogold-silver technique for polySia, CT, and CEA detection, respectively. All 33 MTC showed a strong cell-surface-associated immunoreactivity for polySia, which was sensitive to endoneuraminidase digestion. The polySia immunoreactivity of nerves served as an internal control in all specimens. Immunoreactivity for CT and CEA was present in all MTC with the exception of one recurrent tumor with features of an anaplastic MTC type. All other thyroid neoplasms were nonreactive for polySia, CT, and CEA. Primary CCH associated with MTC showed a strong polySia immunostaining, which was less intense in primary CCH not combined with MTC. In normal-appearing C cells and in secondary CCH, staining for polySia was absent in the majority of cases. We conclude that polySia of NCAM is a valuable marker to distinguish medullary carcinomas from other types of thyroid carcinomas. Furthermore, it allows for the discrimination of primary from secondary C-cell hyperplasia and may be helpful to better define the normal range of C cells in unaffected members of a family with a history of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)-II.
Treatment of Uterine Fibroid Symptoms with Relugolix Combination Therapy (2021)

Once-daily relugolix combination therapy resulted in a significant reduction in menstrual bleeding, as compared with placebo, and preserved bone mineral density in women with uterine fibroids. (Funded by Myovant Sciences; LIBERTY 1 [L1] and LIBERTY 2 [L2] ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT03049735 and NCT03103087, respectively.).
Identification of an uncoupling mutation affecting the <i>b</i> subunit of F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>0</sub> ATP synthase in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

A specific b subunit arginine, b(Arg-36) in Escherichia coli, displays evolutionary conservation among bacterial F1F0 ATP synthases. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate a collection of mutations affecting b(Arg-36). The phenotype differed depending upon the substitution, and the b(Arg-36-Glu) and b(Arg-36-Ile) substitutions virtually abolished enzyme function. Although the total amounts of F1F0 ATP synthase present in the membranes prepared from mutant strains were reduced, the primary effect of the b(Arg-36) substitutions was on the activities of the intact enzyme complexes. The most interesting result was that the b(Arg-36-Glu) substitution results in the uncoupling of a functional F0 from F1 ATP hydrolysis activity.
Concrete FPSO (1996)

Abstract The paper identities the advantages, features and applicability of a concrete hull for an FPSO and the issues related to project execution. For those considering the options for other fielddevelopments, the paper identifies the conclusions and the work on which these were based. The content of the paper is based on extended studies on the advantages, design features and feasibility of fabrication of thisnew design of FPSO hull. This work formed part of BPs review of options for the development of their Schiehallion field in 375 mctres water depth West of Shetland, the Atlantic Frontier. The conceptual design of vessel hull was carried out with the objective of providing the best solution for a concrete FPSO for BPs application. This included consideration of capital cost, system availability, operating costs, HSE aspects. Decommissioning and disposal, The flexibility of the concept e.g. for addition and modification during service were also examined. The design process was taken to the stage where these matters had been examined and the design has approval in principal for certification. During the design process the mathematical modelling of vessel motions and mooring forces were confirmed in tank tests. BP participated in the proof of concept, retaining the concept on their final short list of two options for the field development. It was concluded by all parties that this new concept had been full examined and proven technically. Introduction This paper has been produced by the Shetland Deepwater Alliance (SDA) with the cooperation and assistance of the BP Atlantic Frontier Programme (AFP) evaluation team. It draws together their shared views and conclusions on the use of concrete as a material for the hull of an FPSO, The following companies formed the alliance SDA for the BP AFP Stage 2 project; DORIS Engineering, Sir Robert McAlpine, Blue water, John Brown and Trafalgar House. During 1994 BP carried out a detailed evaluation process, in full compliance with the European Union regulations, to select a contractor to develop the concept of a concrete FPSO. Among the responding companies, SDA were placed ‘first in class’ for this work and, during the early part of 1995, were invited to tender this concept for Stage 2 of the Atlantic Frontier Programme in competition with other steel and concrete concepts. During the tendering process SDA was coached by BP. This allowed the teams working on the development to exchange views with the objective of achieving the optimum solution for this concept. Another of the benefits of this process was that both parties became familiar with the objectives opportunities and constraints in the design, construction, flexibility and service aspects of the concept A considerable amount of work was carried out by SDA in the development of a concrete hulled FPSO suitable for service West of Shetland. The concept was examined to optimise Capex, Opex, build schedule and flexibility to change during design/constnretion and when in service.
Location of Xanthate Groups in Viscose<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLocation of Xanthate Groups in Viscose1John J. Willard and Eugene PacsuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 16, 4350–4352Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01501a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01501a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vaginal Submucosal Dendritic Cells, but Not Langerhans Cells, Induce Protective Th1 Responses to Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (2003)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infection occurs primarily at the genital mucosal surfaces and is a leading cause of ulcerative lesions. Despite the availability of animal models for HSV-2 infection, little is known regarding the mechanism of immune induction within the vaginal mucosa. Here, we examined the cell types responsible for the initiation of protective Th1 immunity to HSV-2. Intravaginal inoculation of HSV-2 led to a rapid recruitment of submucosal dendritic cells (DCs) to the infected epithelium. Subsequently, CD11c(+) DCs harboring viral peptides in the context of MHC class II molecules emerged in the draining lymph nodes and were found to be responsible for the stimulation of IFNgamma secretion from HSV-specific CD4(+) T cells. Other antigen-presenting cells including B cells and macrophages did not present viral peptides to T cells in the draining lymph nodes. Next, we assessed the relative contribution to immune generation by the Langerhans cells in the vaginal epithelium, the submucosal CD11b(+) DCs, and the CD8alpha(+) lymph node DCs. Analysis of these DC populations from the draining lymph nodes revealed that only the CD11b(+) submucosal DCs, but not Langerhans cell-derived or CD8alpha(+) DCs, presented viral antigens to CD4(+) T cells and induced IFNgamma secretion. These results demonstrate a previously unanticipated role for submucosal DCs in the generation of protective Th1 immune responses to HSV-2 in the vaginal mucosa, and suggest their importance in immunity to other sexually transmitted diseases.
Implications of image plane line-edge roughness requirements on extreme ultraviolet mask specifications (2009)

Achieving line-edge/width roughness (LER/LWR) specifications remains as one of the most significant challenges facing the commercialization of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. LER is typically viewed as a resist problem; however, recent simulation results have shown that the mask can also be a significant contributor. Problems arise from both mask absorber LER as well as mask multilayer roughness leading to random phase variations in the reflected beam and consequently speckle. Here we describe these effects in detail and explore how they will impact EUV mask requirements for the 22-nm half-pitch node and beyond. Process window analysis yields mask multilayer roughness specifications on the order of 50 pm.