gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency solar cells on edge-defined film-fed grown (18.2%) and string ribbon (17.8%) silicon by rapid thermal processing (2003)

Solar cell efficiencies of 18.2 and 17.8% were achieved on edge-defined film-fed grown and string ribbon multicrystalline silicon, respectively. Improved understanding and hydrogenation of defects in ribbon materials contributed to the significant increase in bulk lifetime from 1–5 μs to as high as 90–100 μs during cell processing. It was found that SiNx-induced defect hydrogenation in these ribbon materials takes place within one second at 740–750 °C. The bulk lifetime decreases at annealing temperatures above 750 °C or annealing times above one second due to the enhanced dissociation of the hydrogenated defects coupled with the decrease in hydrogen supply from the SiNx film deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition.
Oxygen-utilization Performance of Trickle-bed Cathode for On-site Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide (2001)

Hydrogen peroxide is one of the most important chemicals used in pulp bleaching because of environmental restrictions on the use of chlorine-based bleaches. An on-site electrochemical production process of hydrogen peroxide has been developed for an increasing demand in pulp bleaching. The production cost and operation conditions of the electrolyzer were discussed for the commercially competitive on-site production in this study. The operation cost was estimated from the conditions (the current density, the EDTA dosage, and the oxygen supply ratio) of the electrolyzer. At the condition of the higher electricity unit price the electricity cost was the major factor on the total production cost. Then, the cost minimum point is 1500 A·m-2 at the higher electricity unit price. At the condition of cheaper electricity unit price the facility cost is affected by the current density. The higher current density (2500 A·m-2) is desirable to reduce the initial investment. Then, the trickle-bed cathode’s utilization of oxygen was investigated to reduce oxygen supply ratio. The current efficiency is improved at lower oxygen supply ratio by the treatment of fluorocarbon over the carbon fibers (cathode). And thus the current efficiency over 95% is obtained at the oxygen supply ratio of 1.5 times of the stoichiometric requirement at 1500 A·m-2.
Mineralization of Trichloroethylene by Heterotrophic Enrichment Cultures (1988)

Microbial consortia capable of aerobically degrading more than 99% of exogenous trichloroethylene (TCE) (50 mg/liter) were collected from TCE-contaminated subsurface sediments and grown in enrichment cultures. TCE at concentrations greater than 300 mg/liter was not degraded, nor was TCE used by the consortia as a sole energy source. Energy sources which permitted growth included tryptone-yeast extract, methanol, methane, and propane. The optimum temperature range for growth and subsequent TCE consumption was 22 to 37 degrees C, and the pH optimum was 7.0 to 8.1. Utilization of TCE occurred only after apparent microbial growth had ceased. The major end products recovered were hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide. Minor products included dichloroethylene, vinylidine chloride, and, possibly, chloroform.
EEG-BASED SPEECH RECOGNITION - Impact of Temporal Effects (2009)

In this paper, we investigate the use of electroencephalograhic signals for the purpose of recognizing unspoken speech. The term unspoken speech refers to the process in which a subject imagines speaking a given word without moving any articulatory muscle or producing any audible sound. Early work by Wester (Wester, 2006) presented results which were initially interpreted to be related to brain activity patterns due to the imagination of pronouncing words. However, subsequent investigations lead to the hypothesis that the good recognition performance might instead have resulted from temporal correlated artifacts in the brainwaves since the words were presented in blocks. In order to further investigate this hypothesis, we run a study with 21 subjects, recording 16 EEG channels using a 128 cap montage. The vocabulary consists of 5 words, each of which is repeated 20 times during a recording session in order to train our HMM-based classifier. The words are presented in blockwise, sequential, and random order. We show that the block mode yields an average recognition rate of 45.50%, but it drops to chance level for all other modes. Our experiments suggest that temporal correlated artifacts were recognized instead of words in block recordings and back the above-mentioned hypothesis.
Homopolymer tract length dependent enrichments in functional regions of 27 eukaryotes and their novel dependence on the organism DNA (G+C)% composition (2004)

We discuss how our novel tract over-representation observations can be accounted for by a few models. A likely model for poly(dA).poly(dT) tract over-representation involves the known insertion into genomes of DNA synthesized from retroviral mRNAs containing 3' polyA tails. A proposed model that can account for a number of our observed results, concerns the origin of the isochore nature of eukaryotic genomes via a non-equilibrium GC% dependent mutation rate mechanism. Our data also suggest that tract lengthening via slip strand replication is not governed by a simple thermodynamic loop energy model.
PRISM: Program Replication and Integration for Seamless MILS (2011)

We describe how to combine a minimal Trusted Computing Base (TCB) with polyinstantiated and slightly augmented Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) software programs in separate Single Level Secure (SLS) partitions to create MultiLevel Secure (MLS) applications. These MLS applications can coordinate fine grained (intra-document) Bell LaPadula (BLP) [6] separation between information at multiple security levels. The untrusted COTS programs in the SLS partitions send at-level file edits as diff transactions to the TCB. The TCB verifies that BLP semantics will be observed and then patches these transactions into its canonical representation of the file. Finally, it releases appropriately filtered versions back to each SLS partition for re-assembly into the COTS program's standard file format. Furthermore, by judiciously restricting how the user can interact with the system the multiple SLS instantiations of the COTS program can be made to appear as if they are a single MLS instantiation. We demonstrate the utility of this approach using Microsoft Word and DokuWiki.
FDTD simulation of microwave sintering of ceramics in multimode cavities (1994)

Microwave sintering of ceramics in multimode cavities, particularly the use of picket-fence arrangements, has recently received considerable attention. Various types of ceramics have been successfully sintered and, in some cases, a desirable and unique "microwave effect" has been observed. At present, various aspects of the sintering profess such as preparation of sample sizes and shapes, types of insulations, and the desirability of including a process stimulus such as SiC rods are considered forms of art and highly dependent on human expertise. The simulation of realistic sintering experiments in a multimode cavity may provide an improved understanding of critical parameters involved and allow for the development of guidelines towards the optimization of the sintering process. In this paper, we utilize the FDTD technique to model various geometrical arrangements and material compatibility aspects in multimode microwave cavities and to simulate realistic sintering experiments. The FDTD procedure starts with the simulation of a field distribution in multimode microwave cavities that resembles a set of measured data using liquid crystal sheets. Also included in the simulation is the waveguide feed as well as a ceramic loading plate placed at the base of the cavity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Range clustering: An algorithm for empirical evaluation of classical clustering algorithms (2016)

Cluster analysis is a principal method in analytics domain of data mining. The algorithm used for clustering directly influences the results obtained from applying the clustering algorithm (clusters). Data clustering is done in order to identify the patterns and trends not identifiable from just looking at the data. Clustering may be supervised (if the machine training data set is available) or unsupervised (if the machine training data set is not available). Unsupervised clustering is usually done using k-Means Algorithm (using any distance, the most common being Euclidean and Manhattan Distance). The drawback of k-means algorithm for a large set are the rigorous calculations that need to be done to cluster a data set into multiple data subsets for every single iteration, thereby limiting its efficiency and use for large data sets. We propose a range based single pass clustering algorithm that clusters data on the basis of the range which it falls in, where the ranges are calculated using simple arithmetic mean between two values. The proposed algorithm is compared against the standard k-means algorithm (using Euclidean Distance and Manhattan Distance).
Ferrocene-Containing Cationic Lipids: Influence of Redox State on Cell Transfection (2005)

A ferrocene-containing, redox-active cationic lipid that can be transformed using electrochemical methods yields large differences in cell transfection depending on the oxidation state of the lipid. Expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein and firefly luciferase occurs at very high levels when DNA lipoplexes are formulated using the lipid in the reduced state. In contrast, transfection is negligible when oxidized lipid is used. These observations suggest the basis of a general method that could be used to transform inactive lipoplex formulations to an active form through the application of externally applied electrical potentials. The ability to activate lipoplexes toward transfection electrochemically and "on demand" could create new opportunities to deliver DNA in vitro and in vivo with both spatial and temporal control.
A method to determine RNA and DNA oxidation simultaneously by HPLC-ECD: greater RNA than DNA oxidation in rat liver after doxorubicin administration (2006)

We developed a novel method for the simultaneous extraction and analysis of total tissue RNA and DNA to quantify the RNA and DNA oxidation products 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine using HPLC coupled to electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). The protein denaturing agents guanidine thiocyanate and phenol/chloroform at neutral pH were found to be very efficient for the isolation of RNA and DNA from rat brain, liver and muscle. The method is very fast, allows extraction at 0 degrees C, gives high yields of pure RNA and DNA with low background oxidation levels, and also determines the RNA/DNA ratio. Experiments with isolated RNA and DNA exposed to the Fenton reagents H2O2/ascorbate/Fe3+ (or Cu2+) resulted in significantly greater RNA oxidation. The RNase inhibitor 2-mercaptoethanol, commonly used for RNA extraction, acted as a pro-oxidant during nucleic acid extraction, an effect attenuated by the inclusion of the metal chelator deferoxamine mesylate. In vivo, administration of doxorubicin (an oxidant generator) to Fisher-344 rats resulted in a significant increase in liver RNA oxidation, but no significantly increased DNA oxidation. This new method could be useful to assess oxidatively damaged RNA and DNA simultaneously, and our data show that RNA is more susceptible to oxidative stress than DNA in vivo and in vitro.
From a Ranking System to a Confidence Aware Semi-automatic Classifier (2015)

Many systems rank outcomes before suggesting them to a user, such as Recommender Systems or Information Retrieval Algo- rithms. These systems require manual validation, which is time consuming and costly in industrial context. As it is the case in our industrial applications, we assume that the user's needs can be fulfilled by only one relevant outcome. We thus consider an algorithm that systematically selects the top ranked outcome. This approach requires to compute a correctness, estimating the confidence of the automatic decision, or equivalently how likely the first outcome of the ranking system is to be correct. Based on this estimation, we can apply a threshold on the correctness, above which no manual action is required; the system avoids human validation in many cases. This paper proposes a novel method to estimate this correctness based on a supervised classification approach using the manual validations available in the base coupled with a representation of the system's scores. We conducted experiments on Multiposting real-world datasets generated by algorithms used in the industry; the first algorithm categorizes a job offer, the second recommends semantic equivalents for a given expression in a nomenclature. Our approach has thereby been evaluated and compared, and showed good results on our datasets, even with a limited training base. Moreover, in our experiments, for a given threshold, the better is the correctness estimation, the more performant is the semi-automatic system, showing that the correctness estimation leads thus to a crucial efficiency gain.
Des combats, des figures. Au fil du Maitron en Bretagne. (2010)

This paper deals with the story of Maitron in Britanny.
Somatostatin receptors (1995)

Somatostatin induces its biological actions by activating a family of receptor subtypes. The recent cloning of five somatostatin receptor subtypes has led to the development of subtype-selective agonists. These compounds are revealing distinct functions of the individual receptor subtypes. Mutagenesis studies have revealed domains of several of the receptors involved in specific recognition of somatostatin analogues. Molecular modeling of both of these ligand-binding domains and the constrained somatostatin analogues that they interact with may lead to the development of nonpeptide somatostatin drugs that could be useful in the treatment of tumors and various metabolic, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system disorders.
Fringing-field effect in liquid-crystal beam-steering devices: an approximate analytical model (2004)

An approximate analytical model was developed that links the fringing-field broadening of the phase profile of a liquid-crystal (LC) beam-steering device, and the resulting diffraction efficiency, to the physical parameters of the device including the cell thickness as well as the dielectric, optical, and geometrical constants of the device. The analysis includes a full solution of the Laplace equation for the LC device in which the broadening of the initial voltage profile into an effective voltage-drop profile, due to the fringing-field effect, is derived. It is shown that within the linear approximation used, the broadening of the phase profile is identical to the broadening of the effective voltage profile in the presence of the fringing field. On the basis of this model, the resulting broadening kernel of the phase profile is found to be proportional to the LC cell thickness. These results are found to be in an excellent agreement with high-precision computer simulations performed on the LC beam-steering structure, thereby validating this approximate linear model.
Suspended single-wall carbon nanotubes: synthesis and optical properties (2009)

A single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) is a rolled-up graphene sheet, and all the carbon atoms are in the surface layer. Thus, when lying on the substrate surface, or forming a bundle, SWNTs suffer from strong interaction with the substrate atoms or other nanotubes. However, when a SWNT is suspended between mesa structures, the interactions with the substrate and other nanotubes are minimized, which is important for extracting the intrinsic properties of nanotubes. In this paper, we review the synthesis of suspended SWNTs between mesa structures and their optical properties. The first part focuses on the growth and characterization of suspended SWNTs, the mechanisms of suspended structure formation and control of the structures (individual or bundled). The second part describes photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy of individual and ensemble SWNTs. Highly enhanced photoluminescence and Raman signals enable us to examine the structure of individual SWNTs. The third part describes device applications of suspended SWNTs.
Inflammatory Consequences in a Rodent Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (2013)

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), particularly mild "blast type" injuries resulting from improvised exploding devices and many sport-caused injuries to the brain, result in long-term impairment of cognition and behavior. Our central hypothesis is that there are inflammatory consequences to mTBI that persist over time and, in part, are responsible for resultant pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. We used an adaptation (1 atmosphere pressure) of a well-characterized moderate-to-severe brain lateral fluid percussion (LFP) brain injury rat model. Our mild LFP injury resulted in acute increases in interleukin-1α/β and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels, macrophage/microglial and astrocytic activation, evidence of heightened cellular stress, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction that were evident as early as 3-6 h postinjury. Both glial activation and BBB dysfunction persisted for 18 days postinjury.
Design and implementation of parallel-IDT surface acoustic waves (SAW) low loss RF filters (2009)

In this work, we study the design and implementation of a parallel-IDT surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter for telecommunication applications. The equivalent circuit and 3D model are established to understand acoustoelectric interactions. The 128 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> Y-Z rotated LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> which has high electromechanical coupling constant is used as the piezoelectric material to generate the acoustic waves. The single-IDT and parallel IDT SAW filters were implemented in 122 MHz. The parallel-IDT SAW filter has an insertion loss to -5.515 dB, larger than the single-IDT SAW filter.
Structure of Porous Silicon Layer and Heat‐Treatment Effect (1978)

The structure of an as‐grown and heat‐treated porous silicon layer (PSL) and silicon epitaxial growth on PSL are investigated. Many micropores are formed inside of PSL and zig‐zag in the thickness direction. The crystalline structure of PSL is single crystal, but there is a polycrystal silicon on the surface and lattice strain exists. The structure of PSL is changed by high temperature heat‐treatment. At 1000°C, PSL is a mosaic crystal. Above 1070°C, PSL is a single crystal. After heat‐treatment, PSL remains porous and both the pore distribution and the pore size are changed. The surface roughness and the pore size become large with rising heat‐treatment temperature. From the experimental results of silicon epitaxial growth on PSL it is found that good epitaxial layers grow on PSL.
Effect of metformin on the vascular and glucose metabolic actions of insulin in hypertensive rats (2000)

We investigated the long-term effect of metformin treatment on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and vascular responses to insulin in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The rats were instrumented with intravascular catheters and pulsed Doppler flow probes to measure blood pressure, heart rate, and blood flow. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. Two groups of SHR received metformin (100 or 300 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) for 3 wk while another group of SHR and a group of Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were left untreated. We found that vasodilation of skeletal muscle and renal vasculatures by insulin is impaired in SHR. Moreover, a reduced insulin sensitivity was detected in vivo and in vitro in isolated soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles from SHR compared with WKY rats. Three weeks of treatment with metformin improves the whole-body insulin-mediated glucose disposal in SHR but has no blood pressure-lowering effect and no influence on vascular responses to insulin (4 mU x kg(-1) x min(-1)). An improvement in insulin-mediated glucose transport activity was detected in isolated muscles from metformin-treated SHR, but in the absence of insulin no changes in basal glucose transport activity were observed. It is suggested that part of the beneficial effect of metformin on insulin resistance results from a potentiation of the hormone-stimulating effect on glucose transport in peripheral tissues (mainly skeletal muscle). The results argue against a significant antihypertensive or vascular effect of metformin in SHR.
Antennas in package with stacked metallization (2013)

This paper proposes a stacked metallization technique to improve the performance of millimeter-wave antennas in packages in terms of antenna gain and the behavior of the beam pattern. A rhombic antenna and a 77-GHz SiGe transceiver were integrated in a 6×6mm2 embedded wafer level ball grid array package. The surface of the package was stacked with a metallic layer except for a defined area above the antenna. The area is designed to have an unidirectional electromagnetic field distributions and acts as a secondary aperture antenna. The effective isotropic radiated power of the antenna in package with and without stacked metallization was measured over a wide frequency band from 72 GHz to 82 GHz. A comparison of the experimental results demonstrates a significant improvement in the behavior of the beam pattern as well as a 1.5 dB to 6.5 dB gain enhancement over a 10-GHz frequency band.
Generation of ultrashort electrical pulses with variable pulse widths (2005)

Previous methods used to generate ultrashort electrical pulses suffer some limitations. In this article, two pump beams with variable delay were used to generate two step-like electrical transients of opposite sign and then the signs were superimposed. Each beam illuminates specific parts, beam 1 generates a positive step while beam 2 generates a negative spot. Both the widths and amplitudes of the beams were considered. Significant results were obtained.
Comparison the Efficacy of Fluconazole and Terbinafine in Patients with Moderate to Severe Seborrheic Dermatitis (2014)

Background. Topical agents can be unpleasant due to long-term therapies in patients with moderate to severe seborrheic dermatitis. Systemic antifungal therapy is another alternative in treatment. Aim. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of oral fluconazole and terbinafine in the treatment of moderate to severe seborrheic dermatitis. Methods. 64 patients with moderate to severe seborrheic dermatitis (SD) were enrolled in a randomized, parallel-group study. One study group took terbinafine 250 mg daily (n = 32) and the other one fluconazole 300 mg (n = 32) weekly for four weeks. Seborrheic dermatitis area severity index (SDASI) and the intensity of itching were calculated before, at the end of treatment, and two weeks after treatment. Results. Both drugs significantly reduced the severity of seborrheic dermatitis (P < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression revealed that efficacy of terbinafine is more than fluconazole (P < 0.01, 95% CI (0.63-4.7)). Moreover, each index of SD severity reduced 0.9 times after treatment. (P < 0.002, 95% CI (0.8-1.02)). The itching rate significantly diminished (P < 0.001); however, there was no difference between these two drugs statistically. Conclusions. Both systemic antifungal therapies may reduce the severity index of SD. However, terbinafine showed more reduction in the intensity of the disease. In other words, the more the primary intensity of the disease is, the more its reduction will be. This trial is resgistered with 201102205871N1.
A FOLLOW-UP STUDY ON THE TREATMENT OF KELOIDS WITH TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE (1970)

GRIFFITH, B. HEROLD M.D; MONROE, CLARENCE W. M.D; MCKINNEY, PETER M.D. Author Information