gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immobilization of amino acid ionic liquids into nanoporous microspheres as robust sorbents for CO2 capture (2013)

Supported nanoporous microspheres immobilized with amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) as robust sorbents were developed for CO2 capture. AAILs could be facilely immobilized into porous support materials. The developed sorbents exhibited fast kinetics as well as good sorption capacity, and can be regenerated and reused. The presented strategy may pave the way for developing AAIL-functionalized sorbents with high capacity and fast CO2 transport kinetics.
Characteristics of AlGaAs Fabry-Perot cavity type laser amplifiers (1980)

Signal gain, saturation power, and noise bandwidth, which are important parameters determining preamplifier and linear repeater system performance [1], were measured for an AlGaAs Fabry-Perot cavity type laser amplifier. The unsaturated signal gain increases with the pumping level and a maximum signal gain as high as 27 dB is obtained near oscillation threshold. The saturation output power, at which the signal gain is decreased from the unsaturated value by 3 dB, is -6 to -8 dBm. The beat noise powers between signal and spontaneous emission components were measured. The error rate characteristics of an AlGaAs laser preamplifier and Si photodiode scheme were studied at a data rate of 100 Mbits/s. The experimental results on noise powers and error rate performance are in reasonable agreement with the theoretical analysis given in an accompanying paper [1].
정서적 불안정성과 섭식통제상실간의 관계에서 정서조급성의 매개효과: 부정조급성과 긍정조급성 (2020)

본 연구에서는 정서적 불안정성이 섭식통제상실에 영향을 미치는지 그리고 정서조급성의 두 가지 하위차원인 부정조급성과 긍정조급성이 정서적 불안정성과 섭식통제상실간의 관계를 매개하는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해, 일반 성인 450명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하여, 정서적 불안정성, 부정 조급성, 긍정 조급성, 섭식통제상실을 측정하였다. 자료 분석 결과, 정서적 불안정성은 섭식통제상실에 직접적으로 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 부정조급성을 높이는 기제를 통해 간접적으로도 섭식통제상실에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 반대로, 정서적 불안정성으로 높아진 긍정조급성은 섭식통제상실을 높이는 것이 아니라 오히려 낮추는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 부정조급성과 긍정조급성의 차이와 그 원인에 대해 논의하고, 본 연구의 상담에 대한 시사점, 제한점 및 후속 연구에 대한 제언에 대해 논의하였다.
Coherence Modeling for the Automated Assessment of Spontaneous Spoken Responses (2013)

This study focuses on modeling discourse co-herence in the context of automated assess-ment of spontaneous speech from non-native speakers. Discourse coherence has always been used as a key metric in human scoring rubrics for various assessments of spoken lan-guage. However, very little research has been done to assess a speaker&apos;s coherence in auto-mated speech scoring systems. To address this, we present a corpus of spoken responses that has been annotated for discourse coher-ence quality. Then, we investigate the use of several features originally developed for es-says to model coherence in spoken responses. An analysis on the annotated corpus shows that the prediction accuracy for human holistic scores of an automated speech scoring system can be improved by around 10 % relative after the addition of the coherence features. Fur-ther experiments indicate that a weighted F-Measure of 73 % can be achieved for the au-tomated prediction of the coherence scores. 1
Genotype-phenotype relationship of Niemann-Pick disease type C: a possible correlation between clinical onset and levels of NPC1 protein in isolated skin fibroblasts (2000)

Editor—Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C, MIM 257220) is a fatal autosomal recessive disorder characterised by progressive neurological deterioration and hepatosplenomegaly. NP-C patients can be classified into four major groups according to the onset of neurological symptoms, that is, early infantile, late infantile, juvenile, and adult forms, and the earlier the clinical onset the more quickly progressive are the symptoms and the shorter is the life span.1-4Complementation analysis using cultured skin fibroblasts indicated the presence of at least two subgroups of NP-C, NPC1 (the major subgroup that comprises >90% of NP-C patients) and NPC2 (the minor subgroup).2-4 In 1997, the NPC1 gene ( NPC1 ) (accession No AF002020) that is responsible for the NPC1 subgroup was identified by positional cloning.5 6 The number of NPC1 mutations known to date is not far off 100,7-11 taking into account the accumulated data from seven groups presented in a recent international workshop (International Workshop, The Niemann-Pick C Lesion and the Role of Intracellular Lipid Sorting in Human Disease, Bethesda, USA, October 1999).

Because the genomic structure of NPC1 was unknown, initial mutation screening was performed on RT-PCR products or partial genomic amplicons. In our previous study using RT-PCR products, we identified 14 different mutations in 19 alleles from 11 patients, and failed to detect mutations in the remaining three alleles.8 Mutation screening using RT-PCR products has several drawbacks compared with screening using genomic amplicons. For example, mutations that reduce the mRNA stability may escape the screening.12 13 To refine the screening method, we screened a CITB human BAC library (Research Genetics, Huntsville, AL) and isolated a clone 386K10 that contained all the 25 exons of NPC1 and a 2 kb fragment of 5′UTR. Our analysis using 386K10 confirmed the exon/intron boundary sequences reported by Morris et al …
Experimental evaluation of the fracture toughness (<i>K</i><sub>1c</sub>) of an epoxy resin (1974)

Fracture-toughness tests were conducted on Araldite CT 200, in order to obtain K 1c , the plane-strain, mode 1 critical stress-intensity factor. Two essentially different methods were used, namely the photoelastic method and the quasistatic energy method. In the photoelastic method, stress fringe patterns were analysed at load intervals up to failure and the stress-intensity coefficients obtained were compared with those from the boundary collocation method. In the energy method, two types of specimen geometry were tested, resulting in stable crack propagation. Good correlation was obtained between the two methods.
IMPLICATIONS OF SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY FOR CATASTROPHIC REGIME SHIFTS IN ECOSYSTEMS (2005)

Although alternative stable states are commonly found in simple models, it seems reasonable to assume that the response of real ecosystems to environmental change should often be smoothed by spatial heterogeneity and other stabilizing mechanisms. Here, we systematically explore the effect of spatial heterogeneity on regime shifts for three different models, which we run on a one-dimensional lattice with different spatial distributions of an environmental factor (e.g., soil fertility, water level). If dispersion between patches is negligible, the response to gradual change in some overall stressor (e.g., precipitation, nutrient load) is straightforward. Because of the environmental heterogeneity, each patch shifts to the other stable state at different values of the overall control variable. Therefore, the response of the ecosystem as a whole is gradual (i.e., the average of many asynchronous small shifts) instead of catastrophic. However, in response to a reverse change in the global stressor, the system always shows hysteresis, as each individual patch shifts back to the original state at a different value of the control parameter than the critical threshold for the forward shift. If dispersion between patches occurs, the response to change in the overall control parameter becomes dependent on the spatial pattern of environmental heterogeneity. If the environmental parameter is randomly distributed in space, the overall response tends to remain surprisingly catastrophic, and hysteresis is hardly reduced as compared to the homogeneous case. By contrast, in a smooth environmental gradient, the response of the overall system is gradual, and hysteresis is much smaller. In fact, hysteresis is largely reduced to the initial phases, in which none of the patches have shifted to the alternative state yet. As soon as the first patch shifts, a domino effect occurs, pushing over the neighboring patches. In conclusion, our results suggest that spatial heterogeneity may weaken the tendency for large-scale catastrophic regime shifts if dispersion is unimportant or if local environmental characteristics vary along a smooth gradient.
Regulation of Gibberellin Metabolism by Environmental Factors in Arabidopsis Thaliana (2002)

Environmental factors such as light and temperature play an important role in plant development.The bolting response associated with flowering in Arabidopsis and other rosette species is regulated by gibberellin (GA).Presumably there are one or more blocks in the GA biosynthetic pathway that are removed following induction of flowering by either long-days (LD) or vernalization.The objective of this research was to identify steps in biosynthesis regulated by photoperiod and vernalization in Arabidopsis thaliana by comparing the biological activities of native GAs and GA precursors under inductive and non-inductive condition.A T-DNA tagged dominant mutant with a cold requirement line (CR) and a recombinant inbred line selected for a LD requirement (CS933) were used.Quantitative analysis of the content of kaurenoic acid (KA) in these two environmental responsive types when plants were subjected to inductive conditions did not support the hypothesis that the GA biosynthesis pathway is regulated in the conversion of KA to 7-OH KA in Arabidopsis.For 20 carbon GAs, a common feature that distinguished between active and inactive compounds was the oxidation state of C-20.GA precursors and GAs containing a C-20 methyl group (GA 12 ) were not active, while GAs containing a C-20 iii aldehyde (GA 24 and GA 36 ) had substantial biological activity when applied to noninduced plants of both response types.This result suggests that the limiting step in GA biosynthesis pathway is located at the step in which the C-20 carbon is oxidized.In addition, for both 19 and 20 carbon GAs, C13 hydroxylation resulted in reduced biological activity when compared to the non-C13 hydroxylated homologs.These results suggest that 1) under non-inductive conditions C-20 oxidation is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of bioactive GAs; 2) both vernalization and LD regulate GA biosynthesis at the same control point; 3) the non-C13 hydroxylation pathway leading to GA 4 may be more important in regulating stem growth than the early C13 hydroxylation pathway leading to GA 1 .
<i>In situ</i> spectroscopic ellipsometry analyses of hafnium diboride thin films deposited by single-source chemical vapor deposition (2007)

In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to analyze hafnium diboride thin films deposited by chemical vapor deposition from the single-source precursor Hf(BH4)4. By modeling the film optical constants with a Drude-Lorentz model, the film thickness, surface roughness, and electrical resistivity were measured in situ. The calculated resistivity for amorphous films deposited at low temperature ranged from 340to760μΩcm. These values are within 25% of those measured ex situ with a four-point probe, indicating the validity of the optical model. By modeling the real-time data in terms of film thickness and surface roughness, the film nucleation and growth morphology were determined as a function of substrate type, substrate temperature, and precursor pressure. The data show that at low precursor pressures (∼10−6Torr) and at low substrate temperatures (&lt;300°C), the onset of growth is delayed on both Si and SiO2 surfaces due to the difficulty of nucleation. A higher substrate temperature or precursor pressure reduces this delay. At low temperatures the film morphology is a sensitive function of the precursor pressure because site-blocking effects change the reaction probability; the authors show that the morphology of newly grown film can be reversibly transformed from dense smooth to rough columnar by decreasing the precursor pressure.
OpenKN: an open knowledge computational engine for network big data (2014)

With the coming of the era of big data, it is most urgent to establish the knowledge computational engine for the purpose of discovering implicit and valuable knowledge from the huge, rapidly dynamic, and complex network data. In this paper, we first survey the mainstream knowledge computational engines from four aspects and point out their deficiency. To cover these shortages, we propose the open knowledge network (OpenKN), which is a self-adaptive and evolutionable knowledge computational engine for network big data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work of designing the end-to-end and holistic knowledge processing pipeline in regard with the network big data. Moreover, to capture the evolutionable computing capability of OpenKN, we present the evolutionable knowledge network for knowledge representation. A case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the evolutionable computing of OpenKN.
ICAM‐1 expression and the soluble ICAM‐1 level for evaluating the metastatic potential of gastric cancer (2002)

ICAM-1 plays an important role in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, especially tumor invasion and cytotoxicity of lymphocytes. In the present study, the relationship between metastasis of gastric cancer and ICAM-1 expression by cancer cells or the serum level of s-ICAM-1 was (s-ICAM-1) was examined. ICAM-1 was detected by immunohistochemic staining in 49.0% of 108 patients with gastric cancer. The ICAM-1 expression rate was higher at a more advanced stage, based on lymph node metastasis, being 46.9% in node-negative and 56.1% in node-positive cases. In patients with liver metastasis, the rate was 90.9%, while it was 43.3% in patients without liver metastasis (p < 0.05). The serum s-ICAM-1 level was 262.1 ng/ml (median 205.5, range 176.0-271.0) in healthy subjects and 391.5 ng/ml (median 317.5, range 148.7-1,768.0) in gastric cancer patients (p < 0.001). The serum s-ICAM-1 level was significantly higher in patients with liver metastasis than in patients without liver metastasis (p < 0.0001). In addition, positive ICAM-1 expression cases had significantly higher s-ICAM-1 levels than negative ones, 408.9 +/- 188.4 and 308.1 +/- 88.1 ng/ml, respectively. These results suggested that ICAM-1 was overexpressed in cancer cells and released as s-ICAM-1, which would promote hematogenous metastasis by suppressing local anticancer immunity.
Side-by-Side Thermal Tests of Modular Offices: A Validation Study of the STEM Method (2001)

Two modular office units were tested at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to establish each unit's thermal performance. The two units were nearly identical in appearance, but one was built with structural insulating panels (SIP), and the other was built using standard frame construction. The primary objective of these tests was to compare the thermal performance of buildings using SIP and standard frame construction. Both units were tested under carefully controlled steady-state conditions in the NREL large-scale environmental enclosure. They were then moved outdoors where Short-Term Energy Monitoring (STEM) tests were performed, and long-term heating and cooling energy use was measured. A secondary objective was to evaluate the accuracy of the NREL STEM method by comparing the results of outdoor STEM tests to steady-state indoor test results. STEM is a method developed by NREL to determine key thermal parameters of a building in-situ, based on a 3-day test sequence. The indoor test facility also provided the opportunity to investigate the phenomenon of infiltration heat recovery in a real building, under carefully controlled conditions, to evaluate the stability of the concentration decay method of tracer gas-based infiltration monitoring, and to compare the blower-door method with the tracer-gas technique in determining infiltration.This project was a cooperative effort with the Structural Insulated Panel Association, the Modular Building Institute, All-American Modular (AAM, the manufacturer of the units), and GE Capitol (the owner of the units). Richard Harmon, the president of AAM, requested NREL's assistance in exploring the feasibility of converting his manufacturing process to SIP construction. His engineering staff needed to assess which comfort and energy benefits might be associated with this new technology. AAM manufactured the two units, and NREL tested the modules for 8 months.
Solving Problems with Hard and Soft Constraints Using a Stochastic Algorithm for MAX-SAT (1995)

Stochastic local search is an effective technique for solving certain classes of large, hard propositional satisfiability problems, including propositional encodings of problems such as circuit synthesis and graph coloring (Selman, Levesque, and Mitchell 1992; Selman, Kautz, and Cohen 1994). Many problems of interest to AI and operations research cannot be conveniently encoded as simple satisfiability, because they involve both hard and soft constraints -- that is, any solution may have to violate some of the less important constraints. We show how both kinds of constraints can be handled by encoding problems as instances of weighted MAX-SAT (finding a model that maximizes the sum of the weights of the satisfied clauses that make up a problem instance). We generalize our local-search algorithm for satisfiability (GSAT) to handle weighted MAX-SAT, and present experimental results on encodings of the Steiner tree problem, which is a well-studied hard combinatorial search problem. On many problems this approach turns out to be competitive with the best current specialized Steiner tree algorithms developed in operations research. Our positive results demonstrate that it is practical to use domain-independent logical representations with a general search procedure to solve interesting classes of hard combinatorial search problems.
Design of low-latency uplink MAC scheduling for Massive MIMO-OFDM systems (2017)

Massive MIMO is a promising technology for 5G due to its huge extended multi-user spatial multiplexing and beamforming capability, but its high complexity makes the associated MAC scheduling suffer from long processing time in practice. To solve such problem, this paper designs a low-latency uplink MAC scheduling scheme for Massive MIMO-OFDM systems. Specifically, first, a framework enabling processing parallelization is put forward in which the scheduling for multiple resource blocks (RB) are executed concurrently with the common pre-processing and post-processing. Second, a power-based weight is introduced into the per-RB scheduling, by which the link adaptation could be completed simultaneously with per-RB processing, no longer requiring reduplicate post-scheduling processing. Third, a low-complexity calculation method is applied to the per-layer recursive user selection algorithm for each RB, in which the matrix inversion is substituted by the recursion with vector inner-productions based on Hermitian Matrix Blockwise Inversion Lemma. Finally, performance simulation results demonstrate that the designed MAC scheduling scheme outperforms random scheduling in terms of both cell sum throughput and cell edge throughput.
Simplified numerical model for the laser metal deposition additive manufacturing process (2017)

The laser metal deposition (LMD) laser technique is a free-form metal deposition process, which allows generating near net-shape structures through the interaction of a powder stream and a laser beam. A simplified numerical model was carried out to predict layer heights together with temperature distributions induced by the (LMD) process on a titanium alloy, and a metal matrix composite. Compared with previously developed models, this simplified approach uses an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian free surface motion directly dependent on the powder mass feed rate Dm. Considering thin wall builds of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, numerical results obtained with comsol 4.3 Multiphysics software were successfully compared with the experimental data such as geometrical properties of manufactured walls, fast camera molten pools measurements, and thermocouple temperature recordings in the substrate during the manufacturing of up to 10 LMD. Even if the model did not consider coupled hydraulic-thermal aspects, it provides a more realistic local geometrical description of additive layer manufacturing walls than simpler thermal models, with much shorter calculation times than more sophisticated approaches considering thermocapillary fluid flow. In a second step, microstructures (equiaxed or columnar) were predicted on Ti-6Al-4V walls using microstructural map available in the literature, and local thermal gradients G (K/m) and solidification rate R (m/s) provided by the FE calculation near the solidification front.
A role for fimbriae in Porphyromonas gingivalis invasion of oral epithelial cells (1997)

Isogenic mutants of Porphyromonas gingivalis which differ in the expression of fimbriae were used to examine the contribution of fimbriae in invasion of a human oral epithelial cell line (KB). At a multiplicity of infection of 100, the wild-type P. gingivalis strains 33277, 381, and A7436 exhibited adherence efficiencies of 5.5, 0.11, and 5.0%, respectively, and invasion efficiencies of 0.15, 0.03, and 0.10%, respectively. However, adherence to and invasion of KB cells was not detected with the P. gingivalis fimA mutants, DPG3 and MPG1. Adherence of P. gingivalis wild-type strains to KB cells was completely inhibited by the addition of hyperimmune sera raised to the major fimbriae. Examination by electron microscopy of invasion of epithelial cells by the P. gingivalis wild-type strain 381 revealed microvillus-like extensions around adherent bacteria; this was not observed with P. gingivalis fim mutants. Taken together, these results indicate that the P. gingivalis major fimbriae are required for adherence to and invasion of oral epithelial cells.
Embedded watermarking for image verification in telemedicine (2005)

Wireless communication technology has provided increased opportunity for applications such as telemedicine. This work focuses on the end application of teleradiology, targeting the communication of digital diagnostic images to remote locations for diagnosis and treatment. Medical images have conventionally been of large size and stored without loss of redundancy. Recent research has demonstrated that acceptable levels of Joint Picture Experts Group ( JPEG ) compression may be used on these image types\nwithout loss of diagnostic content. This has provided an opportunity for more rapid image transmission in wireless environments. One of the most pressing challenges that remain are techniques to verify the integrity of crucial diagnostic feature information that may be compromised with excessive use of standard compression methods.\nAn authentication watermarking technique is presented, which extracts critical feature\ninformation from the Region of Interest ( ROI ) and embeds a series of robust watermarks\ninto the Region of Backgrounds ( ROB ) surrounding this location. This thesis will consider only the effects of distortions due to compression standards and presents a body of work that is a step towards a future study for considering compression together with channel noise introduced by the wireless environment.\nThe following key contributions have been made in this thesis : \n1. A novel technique to provide crucial feature authentication without introducing embedding distortions into these regions by using multiple robust watermarks\n2. Improved performance over earlier methods including superior robustness to DCT quantisation and complete JPEG image compression. Image fidelity is significantly improved with less distortion introduced. Smaller signatures can be\nused to authenticate essential image information than with conventional methods, decreasing overall system complexity\n3. Optimised JPEG survival levels that allow permissable JPEG compression levels to be specified.