gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some solution to the missing feature problem in data classification, with application to noise robust ASR (2002)

We address the theoretical and practical issues involved in automatic speech recognition (ASR) when some of the observation data for the target signal is masked by other signals. Techniques discussed range from simple missing data imputation to Bayesian optimal classification. We have developed the Bayesian approach because this allows prior knowledge to be incorporated naturally into the recognition process, thereby permitting us to go beyond the simple "integrate over missing data" or "marginals" approach reported elsewhere, which we show to be inadequate for dealing with realistic patterns of missing data. After deriving general techniques for recognition with missing data, these techniques are formulated in the context of an HMM based CSR system. This scheme is evaluated under both random and more realistic patterns of missing data, with speech from the DARPA RM corpus and noise from NOISEX. We find that a key problem in real world recognition with missing data is that efficient ASR requires data vector components to be independent, and incomplete data cannot be orthogonalised in the usual way by projection. We show that use of spectral peaks only can provide an effective solution to this problem.
MATCHING FOR PROPERDIN FACTOR B (Bf) IN RENAL TRANSPLANTATION (1981)

Forty-five donor and recipient primary cadaveric kidney transplant pairs were phenotyped for the properdin factor B (Bf) polymorphism. Graft survival was analyzed on the basis of Bf matching between donor and recipient. Patients receiving a Bf-identical kidney had significantly better graft survival than those receiving a Bf-incompatible kidney (P = 0.045). It is postulated that Bf, which maps in the major histocompatibility system, is a marker for genes of importance in kidney transplant survival.
Photolithographic Contact Printing of 4000A Linewidth Patterns (1974)

Surface acoustic wave transducers with 4000Aå linewidth interdigital electrodes have been fabricated by photolithographic contact printing using conformable photomasks and AZ 1350H photoresist. The exposure time could be varied over a factor of three, indicating that line broadening due to diffraction is suppressed either by the optical nonlinearity or by the exposure development characteristics of the photoresist, or both.
Minimizing Thermal Gradient and Pumping Power in 3D IC Liquid Cooling Network Design (2017)

Liquid cooling shows great potential in resolving the huge thermal obstacle in 3D ICs. However, it brings new challenges including large thermal gradient and high pumping requirement. In this paper, liquid cooling networks with flexible topology are investigated to achieve more desirable trade-offs between energy efficiency and thermal profile. Specifically, a fast thermal model for the cooling network is proposed and analyzed, followed by our optimization methodologies to construct cooling networks targeting at pumping power saving and thermal gradient reduction, respectively. Experimental results show that, under the same constraints, the cooling network can save as much as 84.03% pumping power or reduce 37.65% thermal gradient compared to straight microchannels.
Efficient Scheduling Method based Cross-Layer on Mobile Communication Multimedia Environments (2007)

한정된 자원을 다수의 사용자에게 분배해야 하는 무선 네트워크의 환경에서 자원의 할당과 관리는 중요하다. 이를 위해 다른 레이어 간에 통합 적응하는 레이어를 디자인해야 하는 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 크로스 레이어 기반의 스케줄링 기법에 대해 다룬다. 기존의 스케줄링 기법들 살펴보고 이를 보완한 스케줄링 기법을 제시한다. 멀티미디어 서비스 환경에서는 다양한 서비스를 제공하기 때문에 스케줄링 기법 또한 다양하게 적용할 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 기존 기법에서 적용되지 않았던 서비스에 따른 스케줄링 기법을 제시하였다. 제시한 기법은 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존의 기법에 비해 무선자원 이용효율이 뛰어남을 보였다. Allocation and management of the resource is very important in wireless networks because the wireless resource is limited. Therefore, the importance of designing cross layer, which adapt between different layers, is on the rise. In this paper, we investigate the scheduling techniques of the cross layer. This paper researches conventional scheduling methods and proposes the complementary scheduling method. On multimedia environment, the scheduling method must be applied variably because of offering variable services. Therefore, this paper proposes the new scheduling method according to the variable services. The proposed method shows that utility efficiency of the wireless resource more excellent than the conventional method through the simulations.
Synthesis of the aglycones of the ravidomycin family of antibiotics (1987)

The preparation of the aglycones of the ravidomycin family of antibiotics is described, involving the palladium-catalysed coupling of appropriate stannanes with a common tetracyclic bromide (5), the synthesis of which involved Meerwein coupling of an aniline derivative (13) with 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone followed by a directed Diels–Alder reaction.
Localization through Map Stitching in Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

Node localization is an essential problem in ad hoc wireless sensor networks. Map stitching is a type of localization algorithm that has received a great deal of attention recently. In this algorithm, the network is divided into small overlapping sub-regions, each of which creates a local map. Then, the local maps are stitched together to form a single global map. In this paper, we first propose a new technique for map-to-map stitching that exploits every available distances between two maps. Next, we propose a few anchor-free localization algorithms based on our stitching technique. We experimentally studied the performance of our algorithms under various settings. The results show that our method achieves a significant performance improvement upon the existing method.
Evaluating go-path measurements to determine faulty components "the skill of the test is the software" (2005)

This paper describes the use of multiple go-path measurements, in combination with algorithmic test sequences, to aid in improving test efficiency and accuracy and diagnostics. As an electronic device or circuit is tested, the output of the unit under tests (UUT) may be considered as a function of the input. Through the use of multiple tests designed to exercise system capabilities in evaluating UUT performance, the characteristic behavior of the UUT can be established. Test results obtained automatically can be used in conjunction with evaluating software in classifying good and failed UUTs. Also, failing UUT behavior can be further classified to distinguish faulty lower-level UUT assemblies and components based only on go-path measurements. Software engines can actually discover new information about a circuit's performance, thus aiding in human understanding of the unit under test (UUT). UUT data rates and data volumes are generally beyond human processing capability in our ability to do fine differentiation, however neural networks and other software routines perform well under these conditions. Analysis of UUT performance may require the examination of small changes in multiple, and varied UUT signal parameters (e.g. voltage and current) that may be within current algorithmic test tolerances, yet are representative of circuit failure characteristics. These slight variations are not understood using typical circuit diagnostic routines. Software engines like neural networks can see slight variations in signals and make decisions based on these variations. One of the major problems with theoretical circuit diagnostic analysis routines is the narrow focus used to evaluate problems. Checking for a specific logic level or using the upper/lower limit criteria does not focus in on unique failures like circuit skewing. This paper discusses techniques that can provide a viable solution to many of the testing problems that we experience today. Also, data capturing is discussed.
Peripheral B cells latently infected with Epstein–Barr virus display molecular hallmarks of classical antigen-selected memory B cells (2005)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes a lifelong persistent infection within peripheral blood B cells with the surface phenotype of memory cells. To date there is no proof that these cells have the genotype of true germinal-center-derived memory B cells. It is critical to understand the relative contribution of viral mimicry versus antigen signaling to the production of these cells because EBV encodes proteins that can affect the surface phenotype of infected cells and provide both T cell help and B cell receptor signals in the absence of cognate antigen. To address these questions we have developed a technique to identify single EBV-infected cells in the peripheral blood and examine their expressed Ig genes. The genes were all isotype-switched and somatically mutated. Furthermore, the mutations do not cause stop codons and display the pattern expected for antigen-selected memory cells based on their frequency, type, and location within the Ig gene. We conclude that latently infected peripheral blood B cells display the molecular hallmarks of classical antigen-selected memory B cells. Therefore, EBV does not disrupt the normal processing of latently infected cells into memory, and deviations from normal B cell biology are not tolerated in the infected cells. This article provides definitive evidence that EBV in the peripheral blood persists in true memory B cells.
Tight Formation Flight Control (2001)

Thetightformatione ightcontrolproblemisaddressed.Theformationconsistsofa lead andwingaircraft,where the wing e ies in tight formation with the lead, such that the lead’ s trailing vortices aerodynamically couple the lead and the wing, and a reduction in the formation’ s induced drag is achieved. A controller (i.e., a formation-hold autopilot for the wing aircraft ) is designed such that the formation’ s geometry is maintained in the face of lead aircraft maneuvers. In the formation e ight control system, the wing and lead aircraft dynamics are coupled due to kinematic effects, and, in the case of tight formations, additional aerodynamic coupling effects are introduced. These additional aerodynamic coupling effects are properly modeled. The most signie cant aerodynamic coupling effect introduced by tight formation e ight entails the coupling of the lateral/directional channel into the altitudehold autopilot channel. It is shown that formation-hold autopilots designed ignoring the aerodynamic coupling effect yield satisfactory performance in tight formation e ight. Nomenclature b = wingspan of wing CLL = lift coefe cient of the lead aircraft S = surface area of wing VSW = sidewash W = wash vector WUW = upwash
High Optical Quality InP-Based Nanopillars Fabricated by a Top-Down Approach (2011)

Dense and uniform arrays of InP-based nanopillars were fabricated by dry etching using self-assembly of colloidal silica particles for masking. The pillars, both single and arrays, fabricated from epitaxially grown InP and InP/GaInAsP/InP quantum well structures show excellent photoluminescence (PL) even at room temperature. The measured PL line widths are comparable to the as-grown wafer indicating high quality fabricated pillars. A stamping technique enables transfer with arbitrary densities of the nanopillars freed from the substrate by selectively etching a sacrificial InGaAs layer.
Transparent fluorocarbon‐based semi‐II IPN elastomers by high‐energy radiation methods (1979)

Abstract Semi‐II interpenetrating polymer network fluorocarbon elastomers were prepared by the addition of small amounts of a multifunctional monomer to the linear fluorocarbon polymer, followed by radiation polymerization in situ . The linear fluorocarbon is physically bound up with crosslinked network II, producing a semi‐IPN of the second kind. Due to the high‐energy radiation attack on the fluorocarbon backbone, a significant amount of graft copolymer forms which improves compatibility and yields clear, transparent elastomers. High‐energy β and γ radiation produce very similar semi‐IPN elastomers. Low‐energy UV, which does not promote grafting, produces poorer quality elastomers which show significantly less optical clarity, much lower strength, and higher creep. High‐energy radiation also appears to destroy possible incipient crystallinity thought to be present in the linear fluorocarbon material.
Expression of protein phosphatase 2A mutants and silencing of the regulatory Bα subunit induce a selective loss of acetylated and detyrosinated microtubules (2007)

Carboxymethylation and phosphorylation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic C subunit are evolutionary conserved mechanisms that critically control PP2A holoenzyme assembly and substrate specificity. Down-regulation of PP2A methylation and PP2A enzymes containing the B alpha regulatory subunit occur in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we show that expressed wild-type and methylation- (L309 Delta) and phosphorylation- (T304D, T304A, Y307F, and Y307E) site mutants of PP2A C subunit differentially bind to B, B', and B''-type regulatory subunits in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and neuro-2a (N2a) neuroblastoma cells. They also display distinct binding affinity for microtubules (MTs). Relative to controls, expression of the wild-type, T304A and Y307F C subunits in N2a cells promotes the accumulation of acetylated and detyrosinated MTs. However, expression of the Y307E, L309 Delta, and T304D mutants, which are impaired in their ability to associate with the B alpha subunit, induces their loss. Silencing of B alpha subunit in N2a and NIH 3T3 cells is sufficient to induce a similar breakdown of acetylated and detyrosinated MTs. It also confers increased sensitivity to nocodazole-induced MT depolymerization. Our findings suggest that changes in intracellular PP2A subunit composition can modulate MT dynamics. They support the hypothesis that reduced amounts of neuronal B alpha-containing PP2A heterotrimers contribute to MT destabilization in Alzheimer's disease.
Solving the Clogging Problem: Precipitate‐Forming Reactions in Flow (2006)

Solids go with the flow: A monodisperse flow in a microreactor provides an efficient method for keeping solid products away from channel walls. The use of a carrier phase, such as mineral oil, hexane, or toluene, enables solids to be synthesized without clogging of the reactor channels. Further injection points can be added to the microreactor to perform multistep syntheses (see picture).
Silver(<scp>i</scp>) complex of a new imino-N-heterocyclic carbene and ligand transfer to palladium(<scp>ii</scp>) and rhodium(<scp>i</scp>) (2003)

A new imino-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand precursor [1-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)imidazolium-3-{CH2C(t-Bu)N(i-Pr)}] bromide has been synthesised and structurally characterised. The silver(I) complex [Ag(C⁁imine)2]AgBr2, where (C⁁imine) = 1-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)imidazol-2-ylidene-3-{CH2C(t-Bu)N(i-Pr)}, was readily prepared by reaction with Ag2O. Transfer of the ligand from silver(I) to palladium(II) and rhodium(I) by reaction with [PdCl2(MeCN)2] and [Rh(cod)(THF)2][BF4] led to the tautomerisation of the imine moiety to the enamine affording the structurally characterised complex [PdCl2(C⁁enamine)] and [Rh(cod)(C⁁enamine)][BF4] respectively, where (C⁁enamine) = 1-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)imidazol-2-ylidene-3-{CHC(t-Bu)NH(i-Pr)}.
Resistance distribution in the hopping percolation model (2005)

We study the distribution function P (rho) of the effective resistance rho in two- and three-dimensional random resistor networks of linear size L in the hopping percolation model. In this model each bond has a conductivity taken from an exponential form sigma proportional to exp (-kappar) , where kappa is a measure of disorder and r is a random number, 0< or = r < or =1 . We find that in both the usual strong-disorder regime L/ kappa(nu) >1 (not sensitive to removal of any single bond) and the extreme-disorder regime L/ kappa(nu) <1 (very sensitive to such a removal) the distribution depends only on L/kappa(nu) and can be well approximated by a log-normal function with dispersion b kappa(nu) /L , where b is a coefficient which depends on the type of lattice, and nu is the correlation critical exponent.
Some Aspects of Gaseous Secondary Injection with Application to Thrust Vector Control (1972)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Rescue of Cardiac Defects in <i>Id</i> Knockout Embryos by Injection of Embryonic Stem Cells (2004)

We report that Id knockout mouse embryos display multiple cardiac defects, but mid-gestation lethality is rescued by the injection of 15 wild-type embryonic stem (ES) cells into mutant blastocysts. Myocardial markers altered in Id mutant cells are restored to normal throughout the chimeric myocardium. Intraperitoneal injection of ES cells into female mice before conception also partially rescues the cardiac phenotype with no incorporation of ES cells. Insulin-like growth factor 1, a long-range secreted factor, in combination with WNT5a, a locally secreted factor, likely account for complete reversion of the cardiac phenotype. Thus, ES cells have the potential to reverse congenital defects through Id-dependent local and long-range effects in a mammalian embryo.
Wireless implementation of mems accelerometer to detect red palm weevil on palms (2013)

Red palm weevil infests palm even in its very young stage and completes generation leaving the tree unhealthy or leading to its death [1-2]. Though there are various growing interests implemented on the nondestructive methods for detection of the pest, none of the technology has come into general use of detection. It suffered from logistic or implementation issues. Here the article explains a novel detection of the pest. A simple 3 axis accelerometer which is capacitive micro machined is used to measure the acceleration. The output is in terms of analog voltage which is directly proportional to the acceleration. Deflection of structure is measured using differential capacitor which consists of differential fixed plates with central plate attached to moving mass. Capacitor accelerometers are superior in low frequency ranges. The overview of the system is simple yet a complete process of three blocks which incorporate a sensing device (MEMS accelerometer), a computational core (Micro controller) and serial port for wireless communication (Bluetooth technology).
Validation of an Acoustic Impedance Prediction Model for Skewed Resonators (2009)

An impedance prediction model was validated experimentally to determine the composite impedance of a series of high-aspect ratio slot resonators incorporating channel skew and sharp bends. Such structures are useful for packaging acoustic liners into constrained spaces for turbofan noise control applications. A formulation of the Zwikker-Kosten Transmission Line (ZKTL) model, incorporating the Richards correction for rectangular channels, is used to calculate the composite normalized impedance of a series of six multi-slot resonator arrays with constant channel length. Experimentally, acoustic data was acquired in the NASA Langley Normal Incidence Tube over the frequency range of 500 to 3500 Hz at 120 and 140 dB OASPL. Normalized impedance was reduced using the Two-Microphone Method for the various combinations of channel skew and sharp 90o and 180o bends. Results show that the presence of skew and/or sharp bends does not significantly alter the impedance of a slot resonator as compared to a straight resonator of the same total channel length. ZKTL predicts the impedance of such resonators very well over the frequency range of interest. The model can be used to design arrays of slot resonators that can be packaged into complex geometries heretofore unsuitable for effective acoustic treatment.
Prevalence of heart disease in symptomatic cats: an overview from 1998 to 2005 (2007)

A total of 408 cats with various cardiovascular problems has been presented to two investigational clinics during the last 8 years. The number of yearly examinations has steadily increased during this period. Definitive cardiovascular disease was diagnosed in 287 cats, whereby hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was the most common diagnosis with 67.6%. Congenital cardiovascular malformations were found in 11.8% of the cases. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most frequent anomaly, in contrast to previously published studies. The ECG was found to be relatively non-specific and insensitive for the diagnosis of heart disease: Its usefulness lies in the recognition and diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias. The radiographically recognized changes were also non-specific for certain heart diseases. Radiographs of the thorax are especially useful in the evaluation of cardiomegaly, and secondary signs of congestion.
Tuning Fabry-Perot resonances via diffraction evanescent waves (2007)

By studying acoustic and electromagnetic wave transmission through a periodic array of subwavelength holes or slits with various channel lengths, we demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically that diffraction evanescent waves can play an important role in tuning the Fabry-Perot (FP) resonances. In particular, there can be total transmission peaks at wavelengths much below that of the Rayleigh-Wood limit, and FP resonances can occur for channel length $\ensuremath{\sim}16%$ thinner than the half wavelength. In addition, the FP resonance condition can be tuned via both the periodicity and area fraction of holes. As a function of the ratio between the periodicity and plate thickness, the FP resonance is smoothly linked to the surface-wave-like mode induced by the periodic structure factor.
Efficient Schemes for Parallel Communication (1984)

A thmdy of balanced commumcatwn schemes for connecting N processors with only a constant number of hnes entering or leaving each processor is defined. It is proved that this network topology enables a fully distributed probabilistlc algorithm to execute a variety of communication requests efficiently. In particular it enables implementauon of an arbitrary permutation, that is, a set of N packets mitmlly located in distinct processors and destined for distinct destinations in O(logaN) steps. Similar results are proved for randomly generated communication requests. These results suggest an efficient solution to a fundamental problem in the design of parallel computers.
Service-Oriented Architecture: Introducing a Query Language. (2008)

Abstract: Language offers human beings the ability to exchange information. Whether the information is understood or not depends on the structure, complexity and knowledge of the language. Language is designed for a certain context. In this paper, the context is Service Oriented Architectures. We present a query language for retrieving information about the resource consumption of services. The language includes major concepts and resource types, features an easy to understand syntax and is powerful enough to satisfy the information needs of customers and providers of services. 1 The need for a query language In modern computing environments, Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) plays a major role [26] [31]. In order to engage the two forces of heterogeneity and change, SOA allows to make components for single services and to integrate them into the IT infrastructure of a company [10]. SOA can be implemented in numerous ways, the important ones being Web Services [24] [12] and the Enterprise Service Bus [7].