gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of NTBC metabolites in urine from patients with hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 using two different mass spectrometric platforms: triple stage quadrupole and LTQ‐Orbitrap (2010)

The objective of our work was to identify known and unknown metabolites of the drug NTBC (2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione) in urine from patients during the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1) disease, a severe inborn error of tyrosine metabolism. Two different mass spectrometric techniques, a triple stage quadrupole and an LTQ-Orbitrap (Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS)), were used for the identification and the structural elucidation of the detected metabolites. Initially, the mass spectrometric (MS) approach consisted of the precursor ion scan detection of the selected product ions, followed by the corresponding collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation analysis (MS(2)) for the targeted selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. Subsequently, accurate and high-resolution full scan and MS/MS measurements were performed on the possible metabolites using the LTQ-Orbitrap. Final confirmation of the identified metabolites was achieved by measuring commercially supplied or laboratory-synthesized standards. Altogether six metabolites, including NTBC itself, were extracted, detected and identified. In addition, two new NTBC metabolites were unambiguously identified as amino acid conjugates, namely glycine-NTBC and beta-alanine-NTBC. These identifications were based on their characteristics of chromatographic retention times, protonated molecular ions, elemental compositions, product ions (using CID and higher-energy C-trap dissociation (HCD) techniques) and synthesized references. The applied MS strategy, based on two different MS platforms (LC/MS/MS and FTMS), allowed the rapid identification analysis of the drug metabolites from human extracts and could be used for pharmaceutical research and drug development.
Weighted Control of Traction Drives With Parallel-Connected AC Machines (2006)

AC machines supplied in parallel by a common voltage source inverter are sometimes used in industrial drives and railway traction applications. This reduction of power and control electronics leads to a reduction of cost, weight, and dimensions that is very useful for on-board systems. But this common supply imposes common voltages to all machines and the possibilities of independent behavior are reduced. In this paper, a graphical modeling is suggested to model such parallel drives for a railway application. A weighted control is then systematically deduced from this modeling and different possibilities of control are highlighted. Experimental results are provided to compare two of the deduced controls
Recruitment of a 19 <i>S</i> Proteasome Subcomplex to an Activated Promoter (2002)

The 19S proteasome regulatory particle plays a critical role in cellular proteolysis. However, recent reports have demonstrated that 19S proteins play a nonproteolytic role in nucleotide excision repair and transcription elongation. We show by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays that proteins comprising the 19S complex are recruited to the GAL1-10 promoter by the Gal4 transactivator upon induction with galactose. This recruited complex does not contain proteins from the 20S proteolytic particle and includes a subset of the 19S proteins. This subset is also specifically retained from an extract by the Gal4 activation domain. These data indicate that in vivo, the base of the 19S complex functions independently of the larger complex and plays a direct, nonproteolytic role in RNA polymerase II transcription.
Biophysical and morphological correlates of kinetic change and death in a starved human melanoma cell line (1981)

An investigation was made of the sequential biophysical and morphological changes that occur as cultured human melanoma cells (MM96) outgrow their supply of nutrient. Simultaneous buoyant-density and velocity-sedimentation fractionation experiments were used to characterize cells from 3 kinetically differing types of culture. Cells from exponential cultures were large, moderately dense and rapidly sedimenting; cells from post-exponential cultures were of intermediate size, less dense and much more slowly sedimenting; and dye-excluding cells from reproductively non-viable late post-exponential cultures were small, of widely variable though generally high density and sedimented moderately rapidly. Although reproductive viability was high in cells from both exponential and post-exponential cultures, depletion of clonogenic cells was seen at the extremes of the distribution profiles of cells fractionated by either method. This was particularly evident at the low-density extreme of the buoyant-density profiles where cells retained viability despite their loss of proliferative potential. As cells became post-exponential, nuclear size diminished in parallel with cell size, the number of microvilli declined, mitochondria condensed, cytoplasm vacuolated, the frequency of osmiophilic vacuolar inclusions rose, chromatin clumped and nucleoli became prominent. Progression to a reproductively non-viable late post-exponential state resulted in a continued parallel fall in nuclear size, increased cytoplasmic blebbing, further mitochondrial condensation, an increased proportion of cytoplasmic vacuoles containing osmiophilic material, the major part of which was melanin, and further clumping and margination of chromatin. Cells progressed rapidly from this newly described pre-apoptotic state to death by apoptosis, a process characterized by the budding and division of cells into a number of ultrastructurally well-preserved membrane-bound fragments.
Potentiation of cisplatin antitumour activity by Ethyldeshydroxy-Sparsomycin in L1210 leukemia. (1992)

The combination of Ethyldeshydroxy-Sparsomycin (EdSm) with cisdiamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) caused significant antitumour activity against murine L1210 leukemia. Although single drug treatment by cisplatin generated some cures, all schedules of combined treatment, using nontoxic doses of EdSm (5mg/kg) and cisplatin (3 mg/kg), resulted in the cure of 4 to 6 mice in each group consisting of 6 mice. No differences in antitumour activity were observed between pretreatment, simultaneous treatment or posttreatment of cisplatin with EdSm. Increasing the number of tumour cells implanted i.p. diminished the antitumour effect of both EdSm as well as CDDP, but not for the drug combination. Changing the route of administration from i.p. to i.v. for one of the drugs out of the combination resulted in loss of antitumour activity.
Rapid and reliable high‐throughput methods of DNA extraction for use in barcoding and molecular systematics of mushrooms (2009)

We present two methods for DNA extraction from fresh and dried mushrooms that are adaptable to high-throughput sequencing initiatives, such as DNA barcoding. Our results show that these protocols yield ∼85% sequencing success from recently collected materials. Tests with both recent (<2 year) and older (>100 years) specimens reveal that older collections have low success rates and may be an inefficient resource for populating a barcode database. However, our method of extracting DNA from herbarium samples using small amount of tissue is reliable and could be used for important historical specimens. The application of these protocols greatly reduces time, and therefore cost, of generating DNA sequences from mushrooms and other fungi vs. traditional extraction methods. The efficiency of these methods illustrates that standardization and streamlining of sample processing should be shifted from the laboratory to the field.
Hypercalcemia and Collapse of First Lumbar Vertebra (1963)

Dr. W. Harris: This month and next month we would like to present two contrasting cases of lumbar vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women. A 59-yr-old white female was admitted to the Phillips House with a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism with impending acute parathyroid poisoning. The patient had been in good health until 11 moprior to admission, when her right humerus was fractured in an automobile accident. The fracture healed without complication and the patient was well until 5 mo before admission, when she wrenched her back while opening a window. She noted a sudden onset of acute pain in the low back on the right side. There was no radiation of the pain and it gradually subsided. Four months before admission, she reinjured her lower back while opening a drawer. Again, she noted some gradual improvement with the passage of time. At about the same time, she developed hoarseness which she
Giant magnetoresistance of dilute Cu(Co) granular films (1994)

Granular films of Cu (Co) with Co concentrations from 5.4% to 12% in the as-deposited form had magnetization showing about 60% of the Co as ferromagnetic particles and exhibited giant magnetoresistance (MR) of about 20% at 4.2 K. Annealing at ∼310 °C increased the MR to 40% and also increased the saturation magnetization indicating additional Co precipitation. At higher annealing temperatures MR decreased to 1%. The Zhang theoretical model involving polarized conduction electron scattering at particle interfaces seems to give a reasonable description of our results including the quadratic behavior of MR vs [M(H)]2 and MR vs [Ms(T)]2.
Interaction of Mammalian Splicing Factor SF3a with U2 snRNP and Relation of Its 60-kD Subunit to Yeast PRP9 (1993)

In the assembly of a prespliceosome, U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) functions in pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing together with splicing factors (SFs) 3a, SF3b, and several other proteins. The 17S but not the 12S form of U2 snRNP is active in splicing-complex formation. Here it is shown that the SF3a subunits correspond to three of the 17S U2 snRNP-specific polypeptides. SF3a interacts with U2 snRNP in the presence of SF3b to generate a structure similar to 17S U2 snRNP, which suggests a function for SF3a and SF3b in the incorporation of U2 snRNP into the spliceosome. Furthermore, the 60-kilodalton subunit of SF3a is related to the yeast splicing protein PRP9.
Wind measurements from an orbital platform using a lidar system with incoherent detection: an analysis (1979)

A lidar system from an orbital platform is used to simulate the measurement of winds in the atmosphere using different scattering regimes. A high-resolution Fabry-Perot interferometer with a multiple-ring anode detector is used in the simulations. The main factors that limit the accuracy and spatial resolution of the measurement, such as laser bandwidth, detector resolution, and pointing accuracy, have been considered. It is shown that winds in the troposphere and stratosphere can be measured with an accuracy of 2 m/sec using the backscattered signal from aerosols and from cloud tops. In the mesosphere a wind accuracy of 5 m/sec can be achieved using the backscattered signal from the resonance fluorescence of sodium.
Effect of diluents on blood clot lysis (1967)

One of the current methods used for measuring natural fibrinolytic activity in blood involves dilution of the blood with phosphate buffer. An adaptation of this method using a solution of sodium acetate as diluent is described. Evidence is given to show that dilute blood clots lyse not only because of the dissociation of an antiplasmin-plasmin complex, but also by virtue of a reduction of the intrinsic chloride ion concentration.
Photoswitchable Magnetic Layer-by-Layer Films Consisting of Azobenzene Derivatives and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (2005)

Abstract The photoswitchable magnetic thin films have been designed by alternate depositions of bipolar amphiphilic azobenzene and Fe3O4 nanoparticles by using the layer-by-layer adsorption technique. In these films, reversible photoisomerizations of the azobenzene chromophore affected the electrostatic interaction between the azobenzene chromophore and the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. As a result, we have succeeded in controlling the magnetization of these films by photoillumination at room temperature.
<i>Dlx5</i> regulates regional development of the branchial arches and sensory capsules (1999)

We report the generation and analysis of mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of the Dlx5 homeobox gene. Dlx5 mutant mice have multiple defects in craniofacial structures, including their ears, noses, mandibles and calvaria, and die shortly after birth. A subset (28%) exhibit exencephaly. Ectodermal expression of Dlx5 is required for the development of olfactory and otic placode-derived epithelia and surrounding capsules. The nasal capsules are hypoplastic (e.g. lacking turbinates) and, in most cases, the right side is more severely affected than the left. Dorsal otic vesicle derivatives (e. g. semicircular canals and endolymphatic duct) and the surrounding capsule, are more severely affected than ventral (cochlear) structures. Dlx5 is also required in mandibular arch ectomesenchyme, as the proximal mandibular arch skeleton is dysmorphic. Dlx5 may control craniofacial development in part through the regulation of the goosecoid homeobox gene. goosecoid expression is greatly reduced in Dlx5 mutants, and both goosecoid and Dlx5 mutants share a number of similar craniofacial malformations. Dlx5 may perform a general role in skeletal differentiation, as exemplified by hypomineralization within the calvaria. The distinct focal defects within the branchial arches of the Dlx1, Dlx2 and Dlx5 mutants, along with the nested expression of their RNAs, support a model in which these genes have both redundant and unique functions in the regulation of regional patterning of the craniofacial ectomesenchyme.
Background Mutation Frequency in Microsatellite-Unstable Colorectal Cancer (2007)

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is observed in approximately 12% of colorectal cancers. Genes containing a mononucleotide microsatellite in the coding sequence are particularly prone to inactivation in MSI tumorigenesis, and much work has been conducted to identify genes with high repetitive tract mutation rates in these tumors. Much less attention has been paid to background mutation frequencies, and no work has focused on nontranscribed regions. Here, we studied 114 nontranscribed intergenic A/T and C/G repeats 6 to 10 bp in length, located distant from known genes, to examine background mutation frequencies in MSI colorectal cancers. A strong correlation with tract length was observed, and mutation frequencies of up to 87% were observed in 8 to 10 bp tracts. Subsequently, to compare the background mutation rate in transcribed and nontranscribed noncoding repeats, we screened nine randomly selected intronic C/G8 repeats. In addition, the coding repeats of seven suggested MSI target genes, and nine previously published intronic A8 and G8 repeats were analyzed. Intronic repeats seemed to mutate less frequently than nontranscribed intergenic repeats. Our results show that strand slippage mutations in mismatch repair-deficient cells are as abundant in short intergenic repeats as in many proposed MSI target genes. However, under mismatch repair deficiency, strand slippage mutations in transcribed sequences seem to be repaired more efficiently than in intergenic nontranscribed sequences. The mechanisms causing these differences are not yet understood and should be a subject for further studies. For MSI target gene identification, repeats in transcribed sequences seem to be the most appropriate reference group for coding region repeat mutations.
Efficient generation of guided millimeter-wave power by photomixing (2002)

A 70-GHz bandwidth commercial photodiode has been coupled to W-band waveguide and used as a photomixing source from 75 to 170 GHz. Maximum power conversion efficiency of 1.8% was obtained at 75 GHz, where an optical input of +10 dBm yielded a nonsaturated millimeter-wave (mm-wave) power of -7.5 dBm. Optimizing the photomixer backshort tuning at individual frequencies showed that the mm-wave power decreased with frequency to a level of -30 dBm at 170 GHz. Fixed tuning allowed the generation of power across the full waveguide band from 75 to 110 GHz, with a variation within 5 dB across the majority of the band.
Tunable photonic crystal microcavities (2002)

We present a method for tuning a photonic crystal microcavity by modulating the index of refraction of the lattice sites within and surrounding the microcavity. The index of refraction can be actively modulated after infiltrating anisotropic liquid crystals into a two-dimensional photonic crystal lattice of air cylinders in silicon. We analyze the Q-factors and resonance frequencies of a tunable photonic crystal microcavity by considering various methods of index modulation. These tunable cavities are incorporated in a channel drop filter to demonstrate their enhancement of wavelength division multiplexing photonic crystal applications.
Strategy for and implementation of the intelligent network (2005)

In today's telephone network services and connections that have to satisfy special requirements are implemented by means of sophisticated systems especially developed for particular purposes. For this reason the Deutsche Bundespost (DBP) Telekom intends to implement an intelligent Network (IN) in order to introduce services faster and more economically and to support flexible, market-oriented procurement procedures by providing interfaces that are clearly specifled. Its strategy is basedon a trial operation, which is to be followed immediately by an implementation on a larger scale. Apart from a description of the general network architecture this paper contains proposals on a distribution of functions among the IN components, interfaces, the post processing of billing data, network planning as well as implementation phases.
On the impact of backhaul channel reliability on cooperative wireless networks (2013)

We study the effect of unreliable backhaul links on the performance of Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) techniques. CoMP has emerged as a powerful scheme to mitigate co-channel interference. Economically viable deployment of Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) will require the use of lower-performance backhaul options, e.g. non-line-of-sight (NLOS) microwave links. Motivated by HetNets, a backhauling model is introduced, by assigning Link Failure Probability (LFP) to backhaul links, for the cooperative clusters. In this paper we analyze the centralized and semi-distributed CoMP architectures. We investigate the probability of deficient backhaul links reducing quality of service, by impeding transmission. By evaluating the average sum rate of users within a CoMP cluster, we show how backhaul link reliability affects the performance of the cooperative cluster. We conclude, that the performance gains offered by CoMP quickly diminish, as the unreliability of the backhaul links grows.
Raman Amplification with a Flying Focus (2018)

We propose a new laser amplifier scheme utilizing stimulated Raman scattering in plasma in conjunction with a "flying focus"-a chromatic focusing system combined with a chirped pump beam that provides spatiotemporal control over the pump's focal spot. Pump intensity isosurfaces are made to propagate at v=-c so as to be in sync with the injected counterpropagating seed pulse. By setting the pump intensity in the interaction region to be just above the ionization threshold of the background gas, an ionization wave is produced that travels at a fixed distance ahead of the seed. Simulations show that this will make it possible to optimize the plasma temperature and mitigate many of the issues that are known to have impacted previous Raman amplification experiments, in particular, the growth of precursors.
Closed-loop real-time simulation model of hemodynamics and oxygen transport in the cardiovascular system (2013)

The results show that it is possible to build a clinically relevant real-time computer simulation model of the normal adult cardiovascular system. It is suggested that understanding qualitative interaction between physiological parameters in health and disease may be improved by using the model, although further model development and validation is needed for quantitative patient-specific outcome prediction.
Just-in-time adaptive decoder engine (2011)

In this paper, we introduce the Just-In-Time Adaptive Decoder Engine (Jade) project, which is shipped as part of the Open RVC-CAL Compiler (Orcc) project. Orcc provides a set of open-source software tools for managing decoders standardized within MPEG by the Reconfigurable Video Coding (RVC) experts. In this framework, Jade acts as a Virtual Machine for any decoder description that uses the MPEG RVC paradigm. Jade dynamically generates a native decoder representation suitable for X86, ARM and CELL platforms with a possibility of exploiting multi-core CPUs. Thus, according to the MPEG RVC decoder description coupled with a video coded stream, Jade can create, configure and re-configure video decompression algorithms adapting to the video content.
Damascene process for air-gap Cu interconnects using sacrificial layer HSQ (2006)

We proposed and demonstrated an air-gap Cu interconnects using the damascene architecture and HSQ (hydrogen silsesquioxane) wet etching sacrificial process. The SEM cross-section images of Cu air-gap interconnect with different diffusion barriers fabricated by using the damascene architecture and HSQ sacrificial process are investigated. The line-to-line leakage current conduction mechanisms of air-gap Cu interconnects with the lining layer Ta was studies in our work. The leakage current mechanism of air-gap Cu interconnects using the novel HSQ sacrificial process is Schottky emission. The process is simple, performed at room temperature, and easy to integrate with the Cu damascene architecture for the future air-gap Cu interconnection applications
The personal CA-PKI for a personal area network (2002)

Initialising and managing security parameters for personal mobile devices within a Personal Area Network (PAN) presents a variety of security problems. In this paper we consider one possible paradigm for mobile device security management, namely the use of a ‘personal CA’ to provide certificates within a PAN. The security requirements for such a personal CA are analysed, and a novel protocol for secure public key registration and certification is described and discussed. The ongoing management issues for a personal CA are also considered.
Development of chalcogenide glasses for use in near-infrared planar waveguide applications (2003)

Summary form only given. Glasses exhibiting large, nonresonant nonlinearity are desirable for use in a range of optical systems based on fibers or planar films. Past efforts to understand the effect of compositional and processing-induced impurity variation, physical and optical property behavior of glasses in this ternary system have identified a series of glasses readily adaptable for use in planar geometry devices. Components based on our glasses have been shown to possess low absorption, high nonlinear index and photosensitivity when irradiated with near bandgap light. By tailoring the thermal, mechanical and optical properties of the bulk glasses used in the preparation of such multilayer components, robust, low loss devices can be realized. Further enhancement to the possible devices will result when a greater understanding exists as to what role the bulk glass/thin film structure plays on ultimate material performance.
Antidotal Efficacy of Vitamin B12a (Hydroxo-Cobalamin) in Experimental Cyanide Poisoning (1952)

1. Vit. B12a (hydroxo-cobalamin), but not vitamin B12a (cyano-cobalamin), has been found to be capable of preventing in mice the toxic symptoms and death due to cyanide administration. 2. When injected into mice exhibiting complete respiratory arrest and coma due to cyanide poisoning, vit. B12a effected rapid recovery of most animals. 3. In mice injected with potassium cyanide followed by vit. B12a some of the cyanide appears in the urine as thiocyanate, but a greater percentage of the cyanide appears as vit. B12 having formed this compound by reacting with the vit. B12a.