gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colonization in the fish intestinal tract and production of inhibitory substances in intestinal mucus and faecal extracts by <i>Carnobacterium</i> sp. strain K1 (1997)

A non‐virulent Carnobacterium sp., designated strain K1, isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., which produced inhibitory substances against bacterial fish pathogens, was examined in vitro for characteristics important for the colonization of the fish gastrointestinal tract and in vivo for persistence in the tract after oral dosing. In vitro growth experiments showed that the cells of this strain were metabolically active in both the intestinal mucus and faeces from salmonids. The production of growth inhibitors against the two common fish pathogens Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida by Carnobacterium sp. strain K1 was demonstrated in vitro in mucus and faecal extracts. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the Carnobacterium cells remained viable in the gastrointestinal tract for several days and that no detrimental effect to the fish was observed as a result of the presence of the bacterium.
Combining color and geometric information for the illumination invariant recognition of 3-D objects (2002)

Traditional approaches to three dimensional object recognition exploit the relationship between three dimensional object geometry and two dimensional image geometry. The capability of object recognition systems can be improved by also incorporating information about the color of object surfaces. We derive invariants of local color pixel distributions that are independent of viewpoint and the configuration, intensity, and spectral content of the scene illumination. These invariants capture information about the distribution of spectral reflectance which is intrinsic to a surface and thereby provide substantial discriminatory power for identifying a wide range of surfaces. These invariants can be computed efficiently from color image regions without requiring any form of segmentation. We have implemented an object recognition system that indexes into a database of models using the invariants and that uses associated geometric information for hypothesis verification and pose estimation. The approach to recognition is based on the computation of local invariants and is therefore relatively insensitive to occlusion. We present several examples demonstrating the system's ability to recognize model objects in cluttered scenes. The discriminatory power of the invariants has been demonstrated by the system's ability to process a large set of regions over complex scenes without generating false hypotheses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isozyme studies on hybrids swarms of Prosopis caldenia and sympatric species. (1990)

Le systeme Glutanate oxalacetate Transaminase (GOT) a ete etudie chez P. caldenia, P. alpataco et P. flexuosa, sur des populations parentales pures et hybrides de zone sympathique. Trois loci GOT differant qualitativement et quantitativement entre P.c. et les deux autres ont ete identifies. Le pollen de P.c. peut fertiliser P.a. et P.f. et former des graines hybrides, mais on ne retrouve pas d'adulte hybride issu de P.c. et pas de graines hybrides a partir de plantes meres de P.c. Des hybrides de P.c. avec P.a. et P.f. se forment donc mais ne se developpent pas et P.c. n'est pas fertilise par les pollens etrangers
Syllable-based segment-hypotheses generation in fluently spoken speech using gross articulatory features (2005)

Syllable based segmentation systems using the energy contour approach are limited to carefully uttered speech. This paper describes a syllable based acoustic-phonetic frontend incorporating knowledge of articulatory aspects of syllable production, in order to detect syllabic nuclei in quickly uttered speech with high reliability. In an iterative procedure hypotheses for syllabic nuclei and their phonetic context are established, using robust gross articulatory classes and features. Remaining intersyllabic consonant clusters are segmented into initial- and final consonant clusters. Due to unavoidable acoustic-phonetic ambiguities alternative segmentations are permitted and several weighted hypotheses for initial-and final consonant clusters are produced.
Two-color SERS microscopy for protein co-localization in prostate tissue with primary antibody–protein A/G–gold nanocluster conjugates (2014)

SERS microscopy is a novel staining technique in immunohistochemistry, which is based on antibodies labeled with functionalized noble metal colloids called SERS labels or nanotags for optical detection. Conventional covalent bioconjugation of these SERS labels cannot prevent blocking of the antigen recognition sites of the antibody. We present a rational chemical design for SERS label-antibody conjugates which addresses this issue. Highly sensitive, silica-coated gold nanoparticle clusters as SERS labels are non-covalently conjugated to primary antibodies by using the chimeric protein A/G, which selectively recognizes the Fc part of antibodies and therefore prevents blocking of the antigen recognition sites. In proof-of-concept two-color imaging experiments for the co-localization of p63 and PSA on non-neoplastic prostate tissue FFPE specimens, we demonstrate the specificity and signal brightness of these rationally designed primary antibody-protein A/G-gold nanocluster conjugates.
Randomized controlled study of the efficacy of the injection of botulinum toxin type A versus corticosteroids in chronic plantar fasciitis: results at one and six months (2011)

Botulinum toxin type A should be considered for the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis in view of the improvement found at one month, and particularly at six months, when this treatment clearly has better results than corticosteroid injections. Further studies with larger samples are necessary to confirm these results.
The protective coatings of NdFeB magnets by Al and Al(Fe) (1996)

NdFeB permanent magnets are coated by two different methods, dip coating and evaporation coating, with Al. It is found that an intermetallic reaction has occurred and formed a dominant phase of FeAl2.5Bx at the interface between the Al coating and the magnet material. Such reaction enhances strong bonding between the coating and the magnet. When Al(Fe) is used for the coating, no detectable intermetallic phase is observed, and therefore the amount of magnet material is conserved. We have studied the effect of the intermetallic phase on corrosion protection of the magnet. It is found that this phase is less resistive towards HNO3 solution than pure Al; but it is more resistive towards NaOH and NaCl. The investigation of the changes of microstructures of the coatings under different tempering conditions have also been carried out. The results show that the heat treatment at 500 °C for 10 min for a ∼ 2 μm thick Al coating by evaporation can produce an optimal layer of intermetallics. If the temperature is too low, the coating will not adhere to the magnet or if too high, it will fully react with the magnet and produce a rough coating surface.
Efficacy of Essential Oils from Edible Plants as Insecticides Against the House Fly, Musca Domestica L. (2009)

The compositions of 12 essential oils (EOs) obtained by hydrodistillation of edible fruits and herbs were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The insecticidal activity of each oil against the house fly Musca domestica was evaluated by placing flies in a glass jar with a screw cap that held a piece of EO-treated cotton yarn. The dose necessary to kill 50% of flies (LC(50)) in 30 min was determined at 26 +/- 1 degrees C. Twelve EOs and 17 individual terpenes were assayed against M. domestica, showing LC(50) values ranging from 3.9 to 85.2 and from 3.3 to >100 mg/dm(3), respectively. EO from Citrus sinensis was the most potent insecticide (LC(50 )= 3.9 mg/dm(3)), followed by EOs from C. aurantium (LC(50 )= 4.8 mg/dm(3)) and Eucalyptus cinerea (LC(50 )= 5.5 mg/dm(3)). According to GC/MS analysis, limonene (92.47%), linalool (1.43%), and b-myrcene (0.88%) were the principal components of C. sinensis EO. Limonene was also the principal constituent (94.07%) of C. aurantium, while 1,8-cineole (56.86%) was the major constituent of E. cinerea EO. 1,8-Cineole was most active against M. domestica (LC(50 )= 3.3 mg/dm(3)), while (4R)(+)-limonene, was moderately active (LC(50 )= 6.2 mg/dm(3)). Dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP) selected as a positive control, showed an LC(50) of 0.5 mg/dm(3). EOs from C. sinensis, C. aurantium, and E. cinerea show promise as natural insecticides against houseflies.
Aquatic Oligochaeta of Mud Lake, and its inlet and outlet stream (1981)

Aquatic invertebrates of Wisconsin have been studied extensively, but until recently, little work has been done with aquatic oligochaetes (segmented worms). Much of the previous work was primarily concerned with the tubificid fauna of the Great Lakes (Hiltunen 1961; Howmiller 1972; Howmiller and Beeton 1910; Spencer 1980). Also, Howmiller (1914) described the aquatic Oligochaeta found in the inland waters of Wisconsin, and Howmiller and Loden (1916) provided additional information which contains the most current list of species found in Wisconsin. A study was carried out during May and June 1980 at the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Field Station to determine composition and density of aquatic oligochaetes present in a bog lake (Mud Lake) and its inlet and outlet streams.
Early Defoliation Affects Corn Grain Yields<sup>1</sup> (1978)

Field experiments designed to simulate hail damage at various developmental stages revealed an unexpected and potentially important grain yield response from corn ( Zea mays L.). Of particular interest were yields following defoliation at the 5‐leaf stage. Two hybrids representing different maturity classes were defoliated. One hybrid was full‐season for southern Minnesota. The other was approximately 80%, of full‐season. Yields of the full‐season hybrid were decreased by 80% (3‐year average, 1973 to 1975). Average yields of the short‐season hybrid were increased by 48% (same 3‐year period). Eleven additional early hybrids at one Southern Minnesota location were defoliated at the 5‐leaf stage in 1975. Yield responses ranged from a 37%, increase to a 14% decrease. Trials conducted in 1976, involving several locations and hybrids, resulted in yield changes varying from a 32% reduction to a 53% increase — suggesting interactions among genotype, environment, and defoliation timing. We propose a physiological explanation for observed yield responses. It appears that early growth alteration or inhibition of leaf function could result in yield enhancement. Effective growth regulation might consist of altering source‐sink relations at the time of reproductive initiation.
Vapor Growth of Cadmium Telluride Single Crystals (1962)

Single crystals of CdTe have been grown from the vapor. Crystals grown by the methods described grew either as hexagonal rods or dodecahedra. Both types of crystals have been identified, by back-reflection x-ray photographs, as cubic CdTe. The exhagonal rods have extensive micro-twinning.
Ranking annotators for crowdsourced labeling tasks (2011)

With the advent of crowdsourcing services it has become quite cheap and reason-ably effective to get a dataset labeled by multiple annotators in a short amount of time. Various methods have been proposed to estimate the consensus labels by correcting for the bias of annotators with different kinds of expertise. Often we have low quality annotators or spammers–annotators who assign labels randomly (e.g., without actually looking at the instance). Spammers can make the cost of acquiring labels very expensive and can potentially degrade the quality of the con-sensus labels. In this paper we formalize the notion of a spammer and define a score which can be used to rank the annotators—with the spammers having a score close to zero and the good annotators having a high score close to one. 1 Spammers in crowdsourced labeling tasks Annotating an unlabeled dataset is one of the bottlenecks in using supervised learning to build good predictive models. Getting a dataset labeled by experts can be expensive and time consuming. With the advent of crowdsourcing services (Amazon’s Mechanical Turk being a prime example) it has
Buy Now and Match Later: Impact of Posterior Price Matching on Profit with Strategic Consumers (2009)

With a posterior price matching (PM) policy, a seller guarantees to reimburse the price difference to a consumer who buys a product before the seller marks it down. Such a policy has been widely adopted by retailers. We examine the impact of a posterior PM policy on consumers' purchasing behavior, a seller's pricing and inventory decisions, and their expected payoffs, assuming that the seller cannot credibly commit to a price path, but can implement a posterior PM policy. We find that the PM policy eliminates strategic consumers' waiting incentive and thus allows the seller to increase price in the regular selling season. When the fraction of strategic consumers is not too small and their valuation decline over time is neither too low nor too high, the PM policy can substantially improve the seller's profit, as well as the inventory investment. In such situations, the strategic consumers' waiting incentive and the loss if they wait are both high. However, to adopt this policy, the seller also bears the refund cost. The seller must either pay the refund that consumers will claim or forgo the salvage value of any leftover inventory. The PM policy can be detrimental when there are only a few strategic consumers or the strategic consumers' valuation decline is very low or very high. We find that the performance of this policy is insensitive to the proportion of consumers who claim the refund. From the consumers' perspective, the PM policy generally reduces consumer surplus; however, there are cases where consumer surplus can be increased, typically when the variance of the potential high-end market volume is high. As a result, a Pareto improvement on both the seller's and the consumers' payoffs is possible. Finally, we find that the ability to credibly commit to a fixed price path is not very valuable when the seller can implement price matching.
Localization of serotonin in taste buds: A comparative study in four vertebrates (1995)

To investigate monoaminergic synaptic mechanisms in taste buds, we examined taste buds of mice, rats, rabbits, and mudpuppies for the presence of the neurotransmitter candidate, serotonin. Immunocytochemistry revealed serotonin-like immunostaining in cells in mammalian taste buds and Merkel-like basal cells in taste buds of mudpuppies. In untreated mudpuppies and in mammals injected with the precursor to serotonin, L-tryptophan, certain taste cells showed serotonin-like immunoreactivity, although in mammalian taste buds the immunostaining was relatively weak. After pretreating mammals with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the intermediate precursor between L-tryptophan and serotonin, several taste cells showed strong immunoreactivity for serotonin. These findings indicate that mammalian taste cells normally contain serotonin and that taste cells can take up 5-HTP and convert it to serotonin. Immunocytochemistry on wholemount preparations demonstrated that serotonergic cells of mudpuppies (i.e., Merkel-like basal cells) were disposed in a ring at the periphery of taste buds. Similarly, serotonergic cells in mammalian taste buds tended to be located at the periphery of taste buds. Based on the position of serotonergic cells in the taste bud and on recent physiological studies on the actions of serotonin in taste buds, we postulate that serotonin functions as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter in vertebrate taste buds.
[Use of labeling with 3H6-thymidine in the study of the multiplication of lactobacillus casei immobilized in a polyacrylamide gel]. (1977)

When 3H6-thymidine labelled bacteria (1.2 desintegration per cell/day) are immobilized in a polyacrylamide gel lattice, the decimal reduction time for their malic acid decarboxylase activity is extended to 38 days. Thus, the growth of bacteria in the gel lattice is very poor. The author has evaluated both the DNA turnover rate during the exponential growth phase for the free cells and the DNA specific activity of the population of immobilized cells. The viability of bacteria isolated from the gel lattice decreases with time, as does their thermal stability for malic acid decarboxylase activity. This activity is partially restored after 65 days. With respect to the protein, deoxyribose and ribose cell constituents, the protein/deoxyribose, protein/ribose and deoxyribose/ribose ratios fluctuats considerably with time. These fluctuations are more marked than those observed for the free cells during their different growth phases.
Epidermal growth factor-like activity in mares' milk. (1992)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like activity was measured in mares' colostrum and milk by radioreceptor assay. Milk samples were collected from 22 mares 1 or more times during early lactation. Samples of colostrum were taken after parturition and before the foal first suckled (presuckle), within 6 hours after the foal first suckled (postsuckle), and on days 1, 2, 4, and 8 of lactation. In the 5 mares from which milk samples were obtained at each sampling time, presuckle colostral mean EGF-like activity (17.8 ng/ml) was greatest (P less than 0.05). The mean values for EGF-like activity at all other sampling times were not significantly different from each other (postsuckle colostrum, 9.7 ng/ml; day 1, 9.6 ng/ml; day 2, 8.5 ng/ml; day 4, 8.0 ng/ml; day 8, 7.8 ng/ml).
Methods of Reducing Flow Ripple from Fluid Power Piston Pumps - an Experimental Approach (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Noise emission is often considered to be one of the major drawbacks of fluid power systems. One of the main sources of noise is flow ripple generated by positive displacement pumps. This paper is concerned with the problems of modelling and measurement of flow ripple with emphasis on measurement techniques.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Measurements are performed according to the so-called “Two-Microphone Method”. This technique makes it possible to determine the source characteristics of the pump, i.e. both the source flow and source impedance. The technique is described in detail.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Measurements have been performed on a piston pump equipped with a number of different port plate geometries. Experimental results are compared with results obtained from numerical simulation.</div>
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Mediated Neuroprotection of Adult Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells <i>In Vivo</i> Does Not Exclusively Depend on Phosphatidyl-Inositol-3′-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling (2000)

The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serves as a survival, mitogenic, and differentiation factor in both the developing and adult CNS and PNS. In an attempt to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying BDNF neuroprotection, we studied activation of two potentially neuroprotective signal transduction pathways by BDNF in a CNS trauma model. Transection of the optic nerve (ON) in the adult rat induces secondary death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Repeated intraocular injections of BDNF prevent the degeneration of RGCs 14 d after ON lesion most likely by inhibition of apoptosis. Here, we report that BDNF activates both protein kinase B (PKB) via a phosphatidyl-inositol-3'-kinase (PI-3-K)-dependent mechanism and the mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2. Furthermore, we provide evidence that BDNF suppresses cleavage and enzymatic activity of the neuronal cell death effector caspase-3. Distinct from our recent study in which inhibition of the PI-3-K/PKB pathway attenuated the survival-promoting action of insulin-like growth factor-I on axotomized RGCs (Kermer et al., 2000), it does not in the case of BDNF. Thus, we assume that BDNF does not depend on a single signal transduction pathway exerting its neuroprotective effects on lesioned CNS neurons.
Equilibrium between six- and five-coordinated hemes in nitrosylhemoglobin: interpretation of electron spin resonance spectra (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium between six- and five-coordinated hemes in nitrosylhemoglobin: interpretation of electron spin resonance spectraAttila Szabo and Max F. PerutzCite this: Biochemistry 1976, 15, 20, 4427–4428Publication Date (Print):October 5, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 5 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00665a013https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00665a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Algorithms for storytelling (2006)

We formulate a new data mining problem called it storytelling as a generalization of redescription mining. In traditional redescription mining, we are given a set of objects and a collection of subsets defined over these objects. The goal is to view the set system as a vocabulary and identify two expressions in this vocabulary that induce the same set of objects. Storytelling, on the other hand, aims to explicitly relate object sets that are disjoint (and hence, maximally dissimilar) by finding a chain of (approximate) redescriptions between the sets. This problem finds applications in bioinformatics, for instance, where the biologist is trying to relate a set of genes expressed in one experiment to another set, implicated in a different pathway. We outline an efficient storytelling implementation that embeds the CART wheels redescription mining algorithm in an A* search procedure, using the former to supply next move operators on search branches to the latter. This approach is practical and effective for mining large datasets and, at the same time, exploits the structure of partitions imposed by the given vocabulary. Three application case studies are presented: a study of word overlaps in large English dictionaries, exploring connections between genesets in a bioinformatics dataset, and relating publications in the PubMed index of abstracts.
Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization detection of SiO desorbing from a Si(111) surface in reaction with O2 (1994)

SiO molecule desorbing from Si(111) surface in reaction with pulse O2 molecular beam at the substrate temperature of 1250±50 K is measured with the 2+1 resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization. Vibrationally separated spectrum of the desorbing SiO molecule has been observed. The observed vibrational distribution is estimated to be in equilibrium with the surface temperature.