gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing-in of quality through axiomatic design (1995)

Decisions made during the design stage of product and process development profoundly affect product quality and process productivity. To aid in design decision making, a theoretical framework is advanced; the axiomatic approach to design. Axiomatic design consists of: (1) domains in the design world; (2) mapping between these domains; (3) characterization of a design by a vector in each domain; (4) decomposition of the characteristic vectors into hierarchies through a process of zigzagging between the domains; and (5) the design axioms, viz, independence and information axioms. Statistical process control (SPC) and other methodologies to improve quality are valid only when they are consistent with the independence and information axioms. This paper presents several criteria that govern the design and manufacture of quality products. To be able to control the quality of products, a design must satisfy the independence axiom. Based on this axiom and some theorems, several design criteria are derived and discussed. These criteria provide the bounds for the validity of some of the SPC techniques being used. When there is more than one acceptable design of a product or process, the information axiom must be used to select the best design(s).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Mouse Model for Chikungunya: Young Age and Inefficient Type-I Interferon Signaling Are Risk Factors for Severe Disease (2008)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging arbovirus responsible for a massive outbreak currently afflicting the Indian Ocean region and India. Infection from CHIKV typically induces a mild disease in humans, characterized by fever, myalgia, arthralgia, and rash. Cases of severe CHIKV infection involving the central nervous system (CNS) have recently been described in neonates as well as in adults with underlying conditions. The pathophysiology of CHIKV infection and the basis for disease severity are unknown. To address these critical issues, we have developed an animal model of CHIKV infection. We show here that whereas wild type (WT) adult mice are resistant to CHIKV infection, WT mouse neonates are susceptible and neonatal disease severity is age-dependent. Adult mice with a partially (IFN-alpha/betaR(+/-)) or totally (IFN-alpha/betaR(-/-)) abrogated type-I IFN pathway develop a mild or severe infection, respectively. In mice with a mild infection, after a burst of viral replication in the liver, CHIKV primarily targets muscle, joint, and skin fibroblasts, a cell and tissue tropism similar to that observed in biopsy samples of CHIKV-infected humans. In case of severe infections, CHIKV also disseminates to other tissues including the CNS, where it specifically targets the choroid plexuses and the leptomeninges. Together, these data indicate that CHIKV-associated symptoms match viral tissue and cell tropisms, and demonstrate that the fibroblast is a predominant target cell of CHIKV. These data also identify the neonatal phase and inefficient type-I IFN signaling as risk factors for severe CHIKV-associated disease. The development of a permissive small animal model will expedite the testing of future vaccines and therapeutic candidates.
Sintering and Hot Pressing of Uranium Tetrafluoride (1958)

The basic sintering and hot‐pressing conditions have been established for UF 4 . Either sintering of cold compacted material in argon or direct hot pressing in graphite dies can be used satisfactorily to obtain high‐bulk‐density compacts. Vacuum sintering is ruled out because of the volatility of the UF 4 . The occurrence of black localized areas in both sintered and hot‐pressed material is attributed to the internal distortion of fluorine atoms into lattice voids resulting in the formation of strained areas.
Ultralow-noise mode-locked laser with coupled optoelectronic oscillator configuration (2005)

We describe simultaneous generation of ultralow-noise optical pulses and microwave signal with a mode-locked fiber laser in a coupled optoelectronic oscillator configuration. We demonstrate 9.2-GHz optical and microwave signals with the measured phase noise of -140 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz offset frequency. We show that the mode-locked laser in the photonic oscillator serves as a high-Q filter and is responsible for the observed low phase noise.
Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Relative efficiency of serum enzyme and isoenzyme measurements (1975)

Total serum enzyme activity for creatine phosphokinase (CPK), alphahydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (HBDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), as well as the isoenzymes of CPK and LDH, were measured on admission and for ten subsequent days in 100 patients admitted consecutively to a coronary care unit. On discharge, patients were classified by a cardiologist as either having or not having suffered an acute myocardial infarction (MI) on the basis of clinical and electrocardiographic criteria—without knowledge of the enzyme studies. The combined use of CPK and LDH isoenzyme levels provided the greatest laboratory discrimination between the two clinical groups (MI vs non-MI). The routine use of HBDH and SGOT levels can be abandoned in the setting of a coronary care unit if CPK and LDH isoenzyme assays are available. (<i>JAMA</i>232:145-147, 1975)
SketchSeeker: Finding Similar Sketches (2017)

Searching is a necessary tool for managing and navigating the massive amounts of data available in today's information age. While new searching methods have become increasingly popular and reliable in recent years, such as image-based searching, these methods may be more limited than text-based means in that they do not allow generic user input. Sketch-based searching is a method that allows users to draw generic search queries and return similar drawn images, giving more user control over their search content. In this paper, we present SketchSeeker, a system for indexing and searching across a large number of sketches quickly based on their similarity. SketchSeeker introduces a technique for indexing sketches in extremely compressed representations, which allows for fast, accurate retrieval augmented with a multilevel ranking subsystem. SketchSeeker was tested on a large set of sketches against existing sketch similarity metrics, and it shows significant improvements in terms of storage requirements, speed, and accuracy.
Spacer multi-patterning control strategy with optical CD metrology on device structures (2016)

Spacer multi patterning process continues to be a key enabler of future design shrinks in DRAM and NAND process flows. Improving Critical Dimension Uniformity (CDU) for main features remains high priority for multi patterning technology and requires improved metrology and control solutions. In this paper Spacer Patterning Technology is evaluated using an angle resolved scatterometry tool for both intra field control of the core CD after partition etch (S1) and interfield pitch-walking control after final etch (S1-S2). The intrafield measurements were done directly on device using dense sampling. The inter-field corrections were based on sparse full wafer measurements on biased OCD targets. The CDU improvement after partition-etch was verified by direct scatterometer and CD-SEM measurement on device. The final etch performance across wafer was verified with scatterometer on OCD target. The scatterometer metrology in combination with the control strategy demonstrated a consistent CDU improvement of core (S1) intrafield CD after partition etch between 23-39% and 47-53% on interfield pitch-walking (S1-S2) after final etch. To confirm these improvements with CD-SEM, oversampling of more than 16 times is needed compared to scatterometer. Based on the results it is concluded that scatterometry in combination with the evaluated metrology and control strategy in principle qualifies for a spacer process CDU control loop in a manufacturing environment.
Therapeutic potential of melatonin and its analogs in Parkinson’s disease: focus on sleep and neuroprotection (2011)

Sleep disorders constitute major nonmotor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) that have a substantial effect on patients' quality of life and can be related to the progression of the neurodegenerative disease. They can also serve as preclinical markers for PD, as it is the case for rapid eye movement (REM)-associated sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Although the etiology of sleep disorders in PD remains undefined, the assessment of the components of the circadian system, including melatonin secretion, could give therapeutically valuable insight on their pathophysiopathology. Melatonin is a regulator of the sleep/wake cycle and also acts as an effective antioxidant and mitochondrial function protector. A reduction in the expression of melatonin MT(1) and MT(2) receptors has been documented in the substantia nigra of PD patients. The efficacy of melatonin for preventing neuronal cell death and for ameliorating PD symptoms has been demonstrated in animal models of PD employing neurotoxins. A small number of controlled trials indicate that melatonin is useful in treating disturbed sleep in PD, in particular RBD. Whether melatonin and the recently developed melatonergic agents (ramelteon, tasimelteon, agomelatine) have therapeutic potential in PD is also discussed.
Prospects for therapeutic tolerance in humans (2013)

See the Video Supplementary Digital Content 1 (http://links.lww.com/COR/A8).
High frequency analysis of imaging with noise blending (2012)

We consider sensor array imaging for simultaneous noise blended sources. We study a migration imaging functional and we analyze its sensitivity to singular perturbations of the speed of propagation of the medium. We consider two kinds of random sources: randomly delayed pulses and stationary random processes, and three possible kinds of perturbations. Using high frequency analysis we prove the statistical stability (with respect to the realization of the noise blending) of the scheme and obtain quantitative results on the image contrast provided by the imaging functional, which strongly depends on the type of perturbations.
Controlling Influenza by Inhibiting the Viruss Neuraminidase (2004)

Despite the fact that influenza is a disease which affects millions of people, sometimes with fatal consequences. there has not, until recently, been any drug effective against all strains. Vaccines may be relatively or totally ineffective, so drugs are needed. Random screening of many thousands of compounds by pharmaceutical companies has resulted in only two compounds, amantadine and rimantidine, which target the M2 ion channel on the virus. These drugs have major disadvantages. Knowledge of the crystal structure of influenza virus neuraminidase, on the other hand, has allowed the rational design of four "plug-drugs" which bind to the active site of flu neuraminidase and stop replication of the virus. Two of these compounds. Relenza and Tamiflu, are now being used worldwide and, although effective when used properly, suffer from problems of delivery. They need to be given very soon after infection to be effective, they only inhibit the influenza virus and none of the other respiratory agents which cause flu-like symptoms, and they are very expensive.
Minimizing costs of activated‐sludge systems (1997)

The concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) in aeration tanks affects the required aeration tank volume and the surface area required for secondary settling. As the MLSS increases, the required aeration volume decreases, resulting in decreased construction costs; however, because of solids‐flux limitations, the required clarifier surface area increases with an increase in MLSS, and the cost for clarifiers increases. The total cost of an activated‐sludge system is a minimum at an intermediate MLSS concentration. Previous investigators have shown that the MLSS at which total system cost is minimum depends on sludge settling properties. The optimum MLSS is higher for sludge that settles well than for sludge that settles poorly. This paper demonstrates for the first time that the mass of biological solids that needs to be maintained in the aeration tanks affects the optimum MLSS. Plants with a high mass of biological solids—such as with nitrification or biological nutrient removal—should be designed for higher MLSS than plants with low biological solids. Similarly, plants without primary settling should be designed for higher MLSS than plants with primary settling. The MLSS value at the minimum system cost can be determined using curves for costs of aeration tanks and secondary settling. For plants with multiple units (for example, the Deer Island Treatment Plant in Boston, Mass.), where the cost of each additional aeration tank or secondary clarifier is relatively constant, the impact of additional secondary clarifiers can be assessed in combination with the need for fewer aeration tanks. The ideal MLSS is specific to a particular combination of flows, waste strengths, and cost setting, but the optimum MLSS can be readily determined for particular cases.
Multiplex Fluorescence Melting Curve Analysis for Mutation Detection with Dual-Labeled, Self-Quenched Probes (2011)

Probe-based fluorescence melting curve analysis (FMCA) is a powerful tool for mutation detection based on melting temperature generated by thermal denaturation of the probe-target hybrid. Nevertheless, the color multiplexing, probe design, and cross-platform compatibility remain to be limited by using existing probe chemistries. We hereby explored two dual-labeled, self-quenched probes, TaqMan and shared-stem molecular beacons, in their ability to conduct FMCA. Both probes could be directly used for FMCA and readily integrated with closed-tube amplicon hybridization under asymmetric PCR conditions. Improved flexibility of FMCA by using these probes was illustrated in three representative applications of FMCA: mutation scanning, mutation identification and mutation genotyping, all of which achieved improved color-multiplexing with easy probe design and versatile probe combination and all were validated with a large number of real clinical samples. The universal cross-platform compatibility of these probes-based FMCA was also demonstrated by a 4-color mutation genotyping assay performed on five different real-time PCR instruments. The dual-labeled, self-quenched probes offered unprecedented combined advantage of enhanced multiplexing, improved flexibility in probe design, and expanded cross-platform compatibility, which would substantially improve FMCA in mutation detection of various applications.
A general method for synthesizing enzyme–polymer conjugates in reverse emulsions using Pluronic as a reactive surfactant (2015)

Using aldehyde-functionalized Pluronic as the reactive surfactant, enzyme-Pluronic conjugates with sizes ranging from nanometers to micrometers were synthesized in reverse emulsions. Compared with the direct conjugation in aqueous solution, this method gave an increased conjugation efficiency and well-controlled size of the conjugates. The versatility of this method was validated using horseradish peroxidase (HRP), Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) and Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). The resulting enzyme-Pluronic conjugates showed greatly enhanced apparent activity compared to free enzymes in organic media.
Conjunctival epithelial cells infected with Chlamydia trachomatis express HLA-DR antigens. (1989)

The carbon dioxide laser is frequently used for the treatment of Human Papilloma Virus infections and intraepithelial neoplasia of the lower genital tract. There has been mounting concern about possible health hazards from inhaling the CO<sub>2</sub> laser plume or from contact with particles of tissue or liquid produced during vaporization procedures. Five healthy young-adult female Syrian hamsters were housed in individual cages. Hamsters were selected because they were readily available, easy to maintain, lacked appreciable indigenous viral flora or infections, and were susceptible to oncogenic viruses. A special cage was constructed which allowed the hamsters to be bathed in a high concentration of lazer smoke which they were forced to inhale. Ninety-three patients underwent laser therapy for intraepithelial neoplasia or condylomata acuminata. The hamsters were exposed to laser fumes once every 11 days. At the end of the study, all animals were autopsied and samples of grossly abnormal tissue were obtained. When no gross abnormal findings were present the cheek pouches and entire respiratory tracts were removed. One animal developed an angiosarcoma. None of the hamsters had light microscopic changes of Human Papilloma Virus infection. None of the viral DNA probes used hybridized to nuclear DNA in the epithelial cells. Electron microscopy did not detect any viral inclusions. The present study did not show histopathologic changes in the exposed hamster respiratory tracts suggesting carcinogenesis, Human Papilloma Virus infection or any other acute process. The development of angiosarcoma in one animal may be viewed with concern, but is most likely incidental.
Synthesis of the Marine Compound (2<i>R</i>,5<i>Z</i>,9<i>Z</i>)-2-Methoxyhexacosa-5,9-dienoic Acid via a Lipase-Catalyzed Resolution and a Novel O-Alkylation Protocol (2004)

The title compound has been synthesized by a facile route starting from 4-pentyn-1-ol. The enantioselectivity was attained by a strategy involving a lipase-catalyzed acetylation of a solid-phase immobilized long chain α-hydroxy acid. Another important feature of the synthesis was the formulation of an efficient HgO-catalyzed O-methylation of the α-hydroxy acids which proceeded without any racemization. The alkylation protocol was also highly efficient for selective mono-methylation/benzylation of symmetrical diols.
A scalable distributed VoIP conferencing using SIP (2004)

Session initiation protocol seems to be proffered standard for voice-over-IP. In this paper, we consider the limitations of existing SIP conferencing methods and propose a distributed architecture using controllers (SIP proxy servers) and conference servers which facilitate the control and media handling of a VoIP conference. The conference servers are designed on the basis of H.323's multipoint processors and handle the audio part of the conference. We provide conferencing messages on SIP that bring these controllers and conference servers together along with the clients for scalable conference on the Internet. The schematic of the proxy server and conference server is presented to aid in implementation. We also explain the mechanism we use to improve the quality of mixed output speech by selecting the streams at the clients.
Real-Time Processing of Ultrasound Images with Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion (2006)

Real-time image processing is desirable for many medical imaging applications. However, many sophisticated image processing algorithms are so computationally intensive that general-purpose CPUs cannot satisfy real-time requirements. In this work, we present a design flow graph approach and several design considerations for implementing complex image processing algorithms in hardware. As a case study, an FPGA implementation of a novel ultrasound image enhancement algorithm - speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion (SRAD) - is discussed. A considerable reduction of hardware complexity is achieved through the co-optimization of both the algorithm and its hardware implementation. Experimental results reveal a 30X performance improvement over the original MATLAB implementation and a 20X performance improvement over the C implementation, with a relative intensity error of less than 2%.
Canonic signed digit Chebyshev FIR filter design (2001)

A new algorithm is presented for the design of fixed point finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters that can be realized using a minimal number of adders while satisfying both the desired hardware implementation constraints and the frequency domain design constraints. The proposed algorithm makes use of a two-stage search method with a new soft-switching optimization criterion, minimizing the Chebyshev error norm in a discrete canonic signed digit (CSD) space. The proposed design method is implemented as a Matlab-based software package (CSDFIR) that allows the design of both Chebyshev optimal floating point and fixed point CSD FIR filters.
Substrate specificity of type III flagellar protein export in <i>Salmonella</i> is controlled by subdomain interactions in FlhB (2003)

FlhB, an integral membrane protein, gates the type III flagellar export pathway of Salmonella. It permits export of rod/hook-type proteins before hook completion, whereupon it switches specificity to recognize filament-type proteins. The cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of FlhB (FlhBC) is cleaved between Asn-269 and Pro-270, defining two subdomains: FlhBCN and FlhBCC. Here, we show that subdomain interactions and cleavage within FlhB are central to substrate-specificity switching. We found that deletions between residues 216 and 240 of FlhBCN permitted FlhB cleavage but abolished function, whereas a deletion spanning Asn-269 and Pro-270 abolished both. The mutation N269A prevented cleavage at the FlhBCN-FlhBCC boundary. Cells producing FlhB(N269A) exported the same amounts of hook-capping protein as cells producing wild-type FlhB. However, they exported no flagellin, even when the fliC gene was being expressed from a foreign promoter to circumvent regulation of expression by FlgM, which is itself a filament-type substrate. Electron microscopy revealed that these cells assembled polyhook structures lacking filaments. Thus, FlhB(N269A) is locked in a conformation specific for rod/hook-type substrates. With FlhB(P270A), cleavage was reduced but not abolished, and cells producing this protein were weakly motile, exported reduced amounts of flagellin and assembled polyhook filaments.
Biosynthesis and characterization of a new bacterial copolyester of 3-hydroxyalkanoates and 3-hydroxy-.omega.-chloroalkanoates (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis and characterization of a new bacterial copolyester of 3-hydroxyalkanoates and 3-hydroxy-.omega.-chloroalkanoatesYoshiharu Doi and Chikara AbeCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 15, 3705–3707Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00217a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00217a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts