gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Valve Operating System (1970)

ABSTRACT As offshore pipeline systems expand into areas great distances from shore, and into deep waters, a method for locating and controlling isolated underwater valves is required. The Bendix approach to fulfilling this requirement is the Acoustic Valve Operating System (AVOS). The system features coded interrogation, coded command, and five-year life. The coding, accomplished by using multiple frequencies, is designed to prevent unauthorized or accidental valve actuation. A selected valve can be located from a three mile distance, and can be commanded to open or close from one-half mile. Range to the valve and actual status are automatically displayed and updated by a frequency coded reply to each interrogation. In addition to performance requirements, the data presented includes design considerations, hardware items, and test data resulting from a Gulf installation. INTRODUCTION A need has developed for an easier way to operate isolated valves on offshore pipelines. While this requirement is primarily based on safety considerations and production convenience, it also bears upon pollution control. The present method involves a diver's manual control of a valve. Although this method has been used for many years, it is slow and at times impossible due to weather and the diver's inability to locate the device. In fact, the time when you most want to operate a valve is usually during the worst possible weather, when diving may be impossible. With these thoughts in mind, Bendix (working in conjunction with Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company) has developed an acoustic valve operating system (AVOS). Several persons in the industry have stated that they have had valves down for years and never needed to operate them. This state of affairs, however, is true only of pipeline systems of the past, which offer little flexibility in today's market (these old systems use platforms with expensive risers as control points). In the future, we may see fewer structures used as control points. Pipeline systems will provide greater operating flexibility; flow will be stopped, reversed or split, and side systems cut in and out more quickly. Most pipelines of today are located within reasonable diving depths and at medium distances offshore. As distance and depth increases, the need for a remote valve operating system becomes more apparent. Design and Performance Requirements The Acoustic Valve Operating System functions are as follows (see Figure 1):Provide a means for locating an isolated valve from at least three miles (equivalent sea state 3) acoustically.Report status of valve from three miles. The valve is either open or shut.Provide a means of commanding a desired valve to change status from the surface within approximately 1/2 mile range.The equipment in water at the valve is designed for a five-year, unattended life (including the battery pack).The surface equipment must be portable and usable from a typical crew boat, with no special installation requirements.
Efficacy of antidepressants and benzodiazepines in minor depression: systematic review and meta-analysis (2011)

There is evidence showing there is unlikely to be a clinically important advantage for antidepressants over placebo in individuals with minor depression. For benzodiazepines, no evidence is available, and thus it is not possible to determine their potential therapeutic role in this condition.
Guided region prefetching (2003)

Despite large caches, main-memory access latencies still cause significant performance losses in many applications. Numerous hardware and software prefetching schemes have been proposed to tolerate these latencies. Software prefetching typically provides better prefetch accuracy than hardware, but is limited by prefetch instruction overheads and the compiler's limited ability to schedule prefetches sufficiently far in advance to cover level-two cache miss latencies. Hardware prefetching can be effective at hiding these large latencies, but generates many useless prefetches and consumes considerable memory bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a cooperative hardware-software prefetching scheme called Guided Region Prefetching (GRP), which uses compiler-generated hints encoded in load instructions to regulate an aggressive hardware prefetching engine. We compare GRP against a sophisticated pure hardware stride prefetcher and a scheduled region prefetching (SRP) engine. SRP and GRP show the best performance, with respective 22% and 21% gains over no prefetching, but SRP incurs 180% extra memory traffic---nearly tripling bandwidth requirements. GRP achieves performance close to SRP, but with a mere eighth of the extra prefetching traffic, a 23% increase over no prefetching. The GRP hardware-software collaboration thus combines the accuracy of compilerbased program analysis with the performance potential of aggressive hardware prefetching, bringing the performance gap versus a perfect L2 cache under 20%.
The Josephson technology (1982)

The status of the superconductive Josephson technology is presented with emphasis on the activities related to the digital systems area. The important properties of the Josephson tehnology which make it potentially the highest performance technology are briefly, reviewed. After an introduction to the Josephson junction and devices, the system components such as logic, memory, and package are discussed. The chip fabrication process is reviewed and some experimental chips are described.
Flexible global calibration of multiple cameras with nonoverlapping fields of view using circular targets (2017)

Global calibration of multicamera systems is a difficult problem. The key is to find an appropriate calibration target. This paper proposes a flexible method to construct a global calibration target with circular targets. Any object that is to be measured by the system can be used as a calibration target with the help of a hand-held scanner. The calibration method does not need a special calibration target or multiple shots, which makes it flexible in applications. Circular targets pasted on the calibration target are used as features that are captured by cameras. The particle swarm optimization method is employed to correct the eccentricity error in the projection of circular targets. The eccentricity correction method does not need any prior knowledge except the cameras' intrinsic parameters. A synthetic data experiment was performed to validate the eccentricity correction method, and a physical experiment in a train wheelset inner-side distance measurement system was performed to validate the global calibration method. The measurement accuracy of the system was better than 0.1 mm, and the eccentricity correction method improved the three-dimensional reconstruction accuracy by about 0.1 mm.
Enalapril in Infants With Single Ventricle (2010)

Administration of enalapril to infants with single-ventricle physiology in the first year of life did not improve somatic growth, ventricular function, or heart failure severity. The results of this randomized trial do not support the routine use of enalapril in this population.
A New Thionation Reagent: Preparation of Primary Thioamides from Nitriles (1992)

Abstract Phosphorus decasulfide reacts with sodium sulfide (1:1 ratio) in tetrahydrofuran at 25°C to afford an in situ reagent 1C (5 eq.) that rapidly converts nitriles into thioamides at 20°C.
N,N-Substituted n-Alkanesulfonamides as Repellents for the Yellowfever Mosquito and the German Cockroach124 (1974)

Three alkanesulfonamides derived from nitrogen-containin!/;hetel'Ocyclicsshowed promise as repellents vs, the yellowfever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.), when they were tested on clothing. In skin tests vs. A. aegypti with 20-25%
Admission Control Based on Dynamic Rate Constraints in Multi-Hop Networks (2009)

This paper presents an admission control algorithm based on dynamic constraints for multi-hop networks. Assuming each node knows the topology and flow reservations within its radio range, local constraints on flow rates can be computed. As long as these constraints are satisfied, flows are accepted. Since computing optimal constraints is not practical, existing approaches compute a system of either necessary or sufficient constraints. In practice, the approach based on necessary constraints tends to overload the network whereas in the latter approach, a significant part of the bandwidth remains unused. In addition, these works assume that the interference model and the sublayers are optimal. In this paper, we propose to take into account the channel state in the constraints computation and, thus, to adjust them according to model relevance. Therefore we give a probabilistic model to evaluate the time spent by the channel in the idle state. By comparing this estimation with the measure value, we evaluate the model accuracy and include the corresponding error rate in the constraints of the admission control. Simulations show that our admission control algorithm outperforms previous work.
Efficient Synthesis of 4,4‘-Bi-1<i>H</i>-imidazol-2-ones from 5-Amino-α-imino-1<i>H</i>-imidazole-4-acetonitriles and Isocyanates (2002)

Reactions of 5-amino-alpha-imino-1H-imidazole-4-acetonitriles 1 with alkyl and aryl isocyanates led to efficient syntheses of 5'-amino-5-imino-4,4'-bi-1H-imidazol-2-ones 3 formed by intramolecular cyclization of the corresponding 5-amino-alpha-(N-alkyl/arylcarbamoyl)imino-1H-imidazole-4-acetonitriles 2. The cyclization occurs only slowly in solution but is considerably accelerated by the addition of a catalytic amount of DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene). The reaction of the N-arylamidine 6b, the synthetic precursor of the imidazole 1b, with benzyl isocyanate also led to the formation of 4,4'-bi-1H-imidazol-2-one 3b in quantitative yield. The imidazole intermediate 2b has been isolated and found to be identical with the compound obtained by reaction of the imidazole 1b and benzyl isocyanate. The N-arylamidine 6c (R = 4-NCC(6)H(4)) reacted with benzyl isocyanate in a similar way, but the electrophilicity of the amidine carbon atom resulted in rapid hydrolysis of the intermediate 7c leading ultimately to the isolation of the urea 9. The N-alkylamidines 6a and 6d behaved differently in their reaction with benzyl isocyanate, and the major product isolated in these reactions is again the urea 9.
Video Transformer Network (2021)

This paper presents VTN, a transformer-based framework for video recognition. Inspired by recent developments in vision transformers, we ditch the standard approach in video action recognition that relies on 3D ConvNets and introduce a method that classifies actions by attending to the entire video sequence information. Our approach is generic and builds on top of any given 2D spatial network. In terms of wall runtime, it trains 16.1× faster and runs 5.1× faster during inference while maintaining competitive accuracy compared to other state-of-the-art methods. It enables whole video analysis, via a single end-to-end pass, while requiring 1.5× fewer GFLOPs. We report competitive results on Kinetics-400 and Moments in Time benchmarks and present an ablation study of VTN properties and the trade-off between accuracy and inference speed. We hope our approach will serve as a new baseline and start a fresh line of research in the video recognition domain. Code and models are available at: https://github.com/bomri/SlowFast/blob/master/projects/vtn/README.md.
Bifidus growth-promoting activity of a glycomacropeptide derived from human .KAPPA.-casein. (1984)

Human κ-casein was tested as a bifidus growthpromoting factor before and after hydrolysis by chymosin or pepsin. The strain used was Bifidobacterium infantis SI2, originating from the feces of a breast-fed infant. Human κ-casein itself had bifidus growth-promoting activity without any treatment but became muchmore effective after treatment with chymosin or pepsin. Human glycomacropeptide, released by the action of chymosin or pepsin from human κ-casein, was effective as the factor even at low concentrations such as 50 ppm. By further hydrolysis with pronase, the activity was drastically decreased. This suggested that not only the sugar portion but also the polypeptide portion of human glycomacropeptide might play a significant role as a bifidus factor.
Gene Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease, An Update (2018)

The current mainstay treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) consists of dopamine replacement therapy which, in addition to causing several side effects, does not delay disease progression. The field of gene therapy offers a potential means to improve current therapy. The present review gives an update of the present status of gene therapy for PD. Both non-disease and disease modifying transgenes have been tested for PD gene therapy in animal and human studies. Non-disease modifying treatments targeting dopamine or GABA synthesis have been successful and promising at improving PD symptomatology in randomized clinical studies, but substantial testing remains before these can be implemented in the standard clinical treatment repertoire. As for disease modifying targets that theoretically offer the possibility of slowing the progression of disease, several neurotrophic factors show encouraging results in preclinical models (e.g., neurturin, GDNF, BDNF, CDNF, VEGF-A). However, so far, clinical trials have only tested neurturin, and, unfortunately, no trial has been able to meet its primary endpoint. Future clinical trials with neurotrophic factors clearly deserve to be conducted, considering the still enticing goal of actually slowing the disease process of PD. As alternative types of gene therapy, opto- and chemogenetics might also find future use in PD treatment and novel genome-editing technology could also potentially be applied as individualized gene therapy for genetic types of PD.
Epoxy Nanocomposites with Highly Exfoliated Clay:  Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanisms (2005)

Epoxy/clay nanocomposites with a better exfoliated morphology have been successfully prepared using a so-called “slurry-compounding” process. The microstructures of the nanocomposites (epoxy/S-clays) were characterized by means of optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that clay was highly exfoliated and uniformly dispersed in the resulting nanocomposite. Characterizations of mechanical and fracture behaviors revealed that Young's modulus increases monotonically with increasing the clay concentration while the fracture toughness shows a maximum at 2.5 wt % of clay. No R-curve behavior was observed in these nanocomposites. The microdeformation and fracture mechanisms were investigated by studying the microstructure of arrested crack tips and the damage zone using TEM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The initiation and development of microcracks are the dominant microdeformation and fracture mechanisms in the epoxy/S-clay nanocomposites. Most of the microcracks initiate between clay layers. The formation of a large number of microcracks and the increase in the fracture surface area due to crack deflection are the major toughening mechanisms.
Fast realistic human body deformations for animation and VR applications (2002)

Virtual Actors now play an important role in computer-generated films, Virtual Environments, Telecooperative work, and multimedia. In order to make these actors realistic, it is essential to represent their body shape during the motion. In this paper we present different methods for representing realistic deformations for virtual humans with various characteristics: sex, age, height, weight. Our methods based on a combination of metaballs and splines could be applied to frame-by-frame computer generated-films and Virtual Environments. Several examples are presented: autonomous actors, animation based on flock of birds, networked Virtual Environments.
Acculturation, distress disclosure, and emotional self-disclosure within Asian populations. (2010)

Research into youth mentoring suggests that programs focused on specific practices (e.g., emotional disclosure and collaborative relationships) increase the likelihood of a successful mentoring relationship, factors similar to the psychotherapy literature. However, research into psychotherapy with Asians has indicated that these factors, based on Western values, are less effective, especially with those who are less acculturated. To test the relevance of these factors within mentor-type relationships, this study examined the relationship between acculturation and distress disclosure, and the relationship between acculturation and the retrospective willingness to emotionally self-disclose to friends and unrelated, trusted adults in 98 participants representing several ethnic Asian backgrounds. Both values-based and behaviorally based acculturation measures were used. Values-based, but not behaviorally based acculturation, predicted distress disclosure (i.e., less acculturated individuals were less likely to disclose distress). Using an imagery protocol, participants were then asked to think back to adolescence and indicate their willingness to self-disclose emotions to friends and unrelated, trusted adults. Participants were more willing to self-disclose emotions to friends compared to unrelated, trusted adults, regardless of values acculturation level. However, a significant interaction occurred in an unanticipated direction using behaviorally based acculturation. Less behaviorally acculturated individuals were more willing to disclose emotions to unrelated, trusted adults compared to more behaviorally acculturated individuals. Discussion regarding the results revolved around the utility of a behavioral measure of acculturation, values and behaviors in acculturation, the role of older persons in Asian culture, and the possible role of community in the acculturation process.
Application of Non-orthogonal Multiple Access in LTE and 5G Networks (2015)

As the latest member of the multiple access family, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recently proposed for 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and envisioned to be an essential component of 5th generation (5G) mobile networks. The key feature of NOMA is to serve multiple users at the same time/frequency/code, but with different power levels, which yields a significant spectral efficiency gain over conventional orthogonal MA. This article provides a systematic treatment of this newly emerging technology, from its combination with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies, to cooperative NOMA, as well as the interplay between NOMA and cognitive radio. This article also reviews the state of the art in the standardization activities concerning the implementation of NOMA in LTE and 5G networks.
SmartSO: Chinese Character and Stroke Order Recognition With Smartwatch (2020)

Following the correct stroke order while writing Chinese characters composed of strokes plays an important role in handwriting efficiency and quality, especially for early education. Most existing systems use image processing techniques for character and stroke order recognition, which is sensitive to lighting conditions. In this paper, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of SmartSO, which utilizes the inertial sensors of an off-the-shelf smartwatch for Chinese character and stroke order recognition. SmartSo first identifies the Chinese character written by the user, based on which SmartSo decides whether the stroke order is written correctly to help improve users' writing behavior. The biggest challenge for stroke order recognition is that some Chinese characters have repeated strokes (strokes of the same type), e.g., with two same horizontal strokes, and it is challenging to differentiate the writing order of such strokes given only the detected stroke composition (number and type of strokes). To mitigate this problem, we further analyze the hand movement between two adjacent strokes (referred to as direction motion) and propose a novel algorithm to recognize stroke order based on direction motion information. Finally, we build a fully functional prototype of SmartSO, and extensive experiments confirm its effectiveness and robustness.
Privacy-Preserving IR 2015 (2015)

Information retrieval (IR) and information privacy/security are two fast-growing computer science disciplines. There are many synergies and connections between these two disciplines. However, there have been very limited efforts to connect the two important disciplines. On the other hand, due to lack of mature techniques in privacy-preserving IR, concerns about information privacy and security have become serious obstacles that prevent valuable user data to be used in IR research such as studies on query logs, social media, tweets, and medical record retrieval. We propose this privacy-preserving IR workshop to connect the two disciplines of information retrieval and information privacy and security. We look forward to spurring research that aims to bring together the research fields of IR and privacy/security. Last year, the first privacy-preserving IR workshop focused on mitigating privacy threats in information retrieval by novel algorithms and tools that enable web users to better understand associated privacy risks.
Automatic traffic monitoring based on aerial image sequences (2008)

Traffic monitoring is a very important task in today’s traffic control and flow management. The acquisition of traffic data in almost real-time is essential to swiftly react to current situations. Stationary data collectors such as induction loops and video cameras mounted on bridges or traffic lights are matured methods. The latter have been thoroughly studied for instance in [1, 2], and in [5, 9] even for moving cameras. However, they deliver only local data and are not able to observe the global traffic situation. Spaceborne sensors do cover very large areas. Because of their relatively short acquisition time and their long revisit period, such systems contribute to the periodic collection of statistical traffic data to validate and improve certain traffic models.
ELK4 neutralization sensitizes glioblastoma to apoptosis through downregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 (2011)

Glioma is the most common adult primary brain tumor. Its most malignant form, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is almost invariably fatal, due in part to the intrinsic resistance of GBM to radiation- and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. We analyzed B-cell leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) anti-apoptotic proteins in GBM and found myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) to be the highest expressed in the majority of malignant gliomas. Mcl-1 was functionally important, as neutralization of Mcl-1 induced apoptosis and increased chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. To determine how Mcl-1 was regulated in glioma, we analyzed the promoter and identified a novel functional single nucleotide polymorphism in an uncharacterized E26 transformation-specific (ETS) binding site. We identified the ETS transcription factor ELK4 as a critical regulator of Mcl-1 in glioma, since ELK4 downregulation was shown to reduce Mcl-1 and increase sensitivity to apoptosis. Importantly the presence of the single nucleotide polymorphism, which ablated ELK4 binding in gliomas, was associated with lower Mcl-1 levels and a greater dependence on Bcl-xL. Furthermore, in vivo, ELK4 downregulation reduced tumor formation in glioblastoma xenograft models. The critical role of ELK4 in Mcl-1 expression and protection from apoptosis in glioma defines ELK4 as a novel potential therapeutic target for GBM.
Size‐selective Synthesis of Nanostructured Metal and Metal Oxide Colloids and Their Use as Catalysts (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction General Comments on Catalysis using Transition Metal Nanoparticles Size- and Shape-selective Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles in the Zerovalent Form Preparation and Application of Aqueous Colloids of Metal Oxide and Multimetal Oxide Nanoparticles Conclusion