gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co-Mo-K Sulfide-based Catalyst Supported by Carbon Nanotubes for Higher Alcohol Synthesis from Syngas (2006)

With home-made multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs,simplified as CNTs)as support,CNT-supported Co-Mo-K sulfide catalysts,denoted as x%(mass percentage)Co_iMo_jK_k/CNTs,were prepared.Their catalytic performance for higher alcohol synthesis(HAS)from syngas was evaluated,and compared with the reference system supported by AC or γ-Al_2O_3.Over the 11.6%Co_1Mo_1K_(0.6)/CNTs catalyst under reaction condition of 2.0 MPa,593 K,V(CO):V(H_2):V(N_2)=45:45:10 and GHSV=2 400 mL_(STP)·h~(-1)·g_(-cat.)~(-1),the specific reaction rate of HAS reached 0.77 μmol-CO·s~(-1)·(mmol-Mo)~(-1),which was 3.35 and 2.85 times as high as that [0.23 and 0.27 μmol-CO·s~(-1)·(mmol-Mo)~(-1)] of the reference systems supported by AC and γ-Al_2O_3 with the respective optimal molar composition and loading amount of Co_iMo_jK_k,50.3%Co_1Mo_1K_(0.8)/AC and 26.1%Co_1Mo_1K_(0.8)/γ-Al_2O_3,respectively.It was experimentally found that using the CNTs in place of AC or γ-Al_2O_3 as support of the catalyst caused little change in the apparent activation energy for the HAS reaction,but led to a significant increase in concentration of catalytically active Mospecies(Mo~(4+))at the surface of the functioning catalyst.On the other hand,H_2-TPD measurements revealed that the CNT-supported catalyst could reversibly adsorb a greater amount of hydrogen under atmospheric pressure at temperatures ranging from room temperature to ~673 K.This unique feature would help to generate microenvironments with higher stationary-state concentration of active hydrogen-adspecies at the surface of the functioning catalyst.Both factors mentioned above were favorable to increasing the rate of HAS reactions.
Tol1, a Fission Yeast Phosphomonoesterase, Is an In Vivo Target of Lithium, and Its Deletion Leads to Sulfite Auxotrophy (2000)

Lithium is the drug of choice for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder. The identification of an in vivo target of lithium in fission yeast as a model organism may help in the understanding of lithium therapy. For this purpose, we have isolated genes whose overexpression improved cell growth under high LiCl concentrations. Overexpression of tol1(+), one of the isolated genes, increased the tolerance of wild-type yeast cells for LiCl but not for NaCl. tol1(+) encodes a member of the lithium-sensitive phosphomonoesterase protein family, and it exerts dual enzymatic activities, 3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase and inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase. tol1(+) gene-disrupted cells required high concentrations of sulfite in the medium for growth. Consistently, sulfite repressed the sulfate assimilation pathway in fission yeast. However, tol1(+) gene-disrupted cells could not fully recover from their growth defect and abnormal morphology even when the medium was supplemented with sulfite, suggesting the possible implication of inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase activity for cell growth and morphology. Given the remarkable functional conservation of the lithium-sensitive dual-specificity phosphomonoesterase between fission yeast and higher-eukaryotic cells during evolution, it may represent a likely in vivo target of lithium action across many species.
Brain-type glucose transporter (GLUT-1) is selectively localized to the blood-brain barrier. Studies with quantitative western blotting and in situ hybridization. (1990)

The hypothesis that the GLUT-1 glucose transporter isoform is expressed selectively in brain at the capillary endothelium, i.e. the blood-brain barrier (BBB), was tested by using quantitative Western blotting, cytochalasin B binding, and in situ hybridization in bovine brain cortex. Purified human red cell glucose transporter was used as the standard for quantitative Western blots, because the mobility of the human erythrocyte and BBB glucose transporters in electrophoretic gels was identical. The concentration of immunoreactive glucose transporter in bovine BBB plasma membranes was 10.8 +/- 0.9 pmol/mgp (mean +/- S.E., n = 6). This value was not statistically different from the estimate of the maximal binding sites of D-glucose-displaceable [3H]cytochalasin B binding in the BBB membrane preparations, 11.7 +/- 3.5 pmol/mgp. In situ hybridization experiments using 35S-labeled antisense and sense riboprobes corresponding to nucleotides 385-932 of the GLUT-1 cDNA showed prominent hybridization of the antisense probe over brain microvascular endothelium, but no hybridization over neuropil greater than that found with the 35S-labeled sense probe. These studies are consistent with the following conclusion: (a) essentially 100% of the glucose transporter binding sites at the BBB can be accounted for by the GLUT-1 isoform; (b) in situ hybridization studies confirm previous Northern blot analysis and indicate the GLUT-1 gene is expressed selectively in microvascular endothelium in brain with minimal, if any, expression of this gene in neurons or glial cells in vivo.
Matching pursuits with time-frequency dictionaries (1993)

The authors introduce an algorithm, called matching pursuit, that decomposes any signal into a linear expansion of waveforms that are selected from a redundant dictionary of functions. These waveforms are chosen in order to best match the signal structures. Matching pursuits are general procedures to compute adaptive signal representations. With a dictionary of Gabor functions a matching pursuit defines an adaptive time-frequency transform. They derive a signal energy distribution in the time-frequency plane, which does not include interference terms, unlike Wigner and Cohen class distributions. A matching pursuit isolates the signal structures that are coherent with respect to a given dictionary. An application to pattern extraction from noisy signals is described. They compare a matching pursuit decomposition with a signal expansion over an optimized wavepacket orthonormal basis, selected with the algorithm of Coifman and Wickerhauser see (IEEE Trans. Informat. Theory, vol. 38, Mar. 1992).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sustained work, fatigue, sleep loss and performance: A review of the issues (1989)

Abstract The physiological and psychological stressors associated with sustained work, fatigue, and sleep loss affect worker performance. This review describes findings relating to sustained work stresses commonly found in our advancing technological world. Researchers report decrements in sustained performance as a function of fatigue, especially during and following one or more nights of complete sleep loss, or longer periods of reduced or fragmented sleep. Sleep loss appears to result in reduced reaction time, decreased vigilance, perceptual and cognitive distortions, and changes in affect. Sleep loss and workload interact with circadian rhythms in producing their effects. These interactions are a major source of stress in work situations requiring sustained work in continuous operations and have implications for theoretical models of sustained perceptual and cognitive functioning. Key Words: FatigueSleep deprivationSustained workContinuous performanceContinuous operationsCircadian rhythms
Comprehensive Analysis of Distortion in the Passive FET Sample-and-Hold Circuit (2018)

Analysis simplified with circuit insights reveals the major sources of distortion in a passive FET-switch-based sampling circuit: 1) $R_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ -modulation; 2) turn-OFF-time instant; and 3) signal-dependent charge-injection. Explicit expressions for second- and third-order distortions advance intuitive understanding of the processes of distortion. Circuit simulations and measurement results establish the accuracy of the analysis. Since the three sources of distortion each have a unique dependence on circuit parameters and the input signal frequency, a systematic method is shown to optimize an S/H circuit for least distortion.
A Minimum Dose of Clonidine Added to Mepivacaine Prolongs the Duration of Anesthesia and Analgesia After Axillary Brachial Plexus Block (1996)

This study assessed the minimum dose of clonidine required to prolong the duration of both anesthesia and analgesia after axillary brachial plexus blockade.Eighty patients scheduled for elective hand surgery were divided into eight groups in a randomized, double-blind fashion. An axillary brachial plexus block was performed with 40 mL 1% mepivacaine plus 1:200,000 epinephrine. The control group received no clonidine. In the other groups, increasing doses of clonidine (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 micro g/kg) were added to the local anesthetic solution. Onset time, duration of anesthesia and analgesia, postoperative pain score, intake of analgesics, and adverse effects were recorded. The eight groups were comparable in terms of onset time, postoperative pain score, and analgesic requirement. The minimum dose of clonidine required to significantly prolong the duration of analgesia and anesthesia was, respectively, 0.1 and 0.5 micro g/kg. No side effects (sedation, drowsiness, bradycardia, arterial hypotension) were reported. We conclude that the dose of clonidine required to prolong significantly the duration of both anesthesia and analgesia after axillary brachial plexus blockade is 0.5 micro g/kg and that, at this dose, clonidine may be used without important reported side effects even in outpatients. (Anesth Analg 1996;83:1046-50)
Securing On-Body IoT Devices By Exploiting Creeping Wave Propagation (2018)

On-body devices are an intrinsic part of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) vision to provide human-centric services. These on-body IoT devices are largely embedded devices that lack a sophisticated user interface to facilitate traditional Pre-Shared Key based security protocols. Motivated by this real-world security vulnerability, this paper proposes SecureTag, a system designed to add defense in depth against active attacks by integrating physical layer (PHY) information with upper-layer protocols. The underpinning of SecureTag is a signal processing technique that extracts the peculiar propagation characteristics of creeping waves to discern on-body devices. Upon overhearing a suspicious transmission, SecureTag initiates a PHY-based challenge-response protocol to mitigate attacks. We implement our system on different commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) wearables and a smartphone. Extensive experiments are conducted in a lab, apartments, malls, and outdoor areas, involving 12 volunteer subjects of different age groups, to demonstrate the robustness of our system. Results show that our system can mitigate 96.13% of active attack attempts while triggering false alarms on merely 5.64% of legitimate traffic.
Combination Therapy with Imiquimod, 5-Fluorouracil, and Tazarotene in the Treatment of Extensive Radiation-Induced Bowen's Disease of the Hands (2009)

Modi, Gunjan MD*; Jacobs, Aleda A. MD*; Orengo, Ida F. MD*; Mcclung, Amy MD*; Rosen, Ted MD* Author Information
Enhanced operating system security through efficient and fine-grained address space randomization (2012)

In recent years, the deployment of many application-level countermeasures against memory errors and the increasing number of vulnerabilities discovered in the kernel has fostered a renewed interest in kernel-level exploitation. Unfortunately, no comprehensive and well-established mechanism exists to protect the operating system from arbitrary attacks, due to the relatively new development of the area and the challenges involved. In this paper, we propose the first design for fine-grained address space randomization (ASR) inside the operating system (OS), providing an efficient and comprehensive countermeasure against classic and emerging attacks, such as return-oriented programming. To motivate our design, we investigate the differences with application-level ASR and find that some of the well-established assumptions in existing solutions are no longer valid inside the OS; above all, perhaps, that information leakage becomes a major concern in the new context. We show that our ASR strategy outperforms state-of-the-art solutions in terms of both performance and security without affecting the software distribution model. Finally, we present the first comprehensive live rerandomization strategy, which we found to be particularly important inside the OS. Experimental results demonstrate that our techniques yield low run-time performance overhead (less than 5% on average on both SPEC and syscall-intensive benchmarks) and limited run-time memory footprint increase (around 15% during the execution of our benchmarks). We believe our techniques can greatly enhance the level of OS security without compromising the performance and reliability of the OS.
Connectivity properties of secure wireless sensor networks (2004)

We address the problem of connectivity in Secure Wireless Sensor Networks (SWSN) using random pre-distribution of keys. We propose a geometric random model for SWSNs. Under this new and realistic model, we describe how to design secure and connected networks using a small constant number of keys per sensor. Extensive simulations support the above stated result and demonstrate how connectivity can be guaranteed for a wide interval of practical network sizes and sensor communication ranges.
AN APPLICATION OF THE CIVIL TECHNOLOGY TO THE SUSTAINABLE AGED SOCIETY (2004)

Various social problems in an elderly society are global issues in today's society. Aging proceeds globally in the world while Japan is expected to become a super-aged society in an unprecedented short term. An increase in the elderly population, including the disabled, demands the expansion of social security-related expenditures, which confers an unbearable burden to the following generation. These “Aging Crises” would give rise to the collapse of the social system. We are here to emphasize the importance of the integration of the elderly population toward the productive society and in the reform of the life cycle that is currently refined by education, labor, and retirement. In order to establish a sustainable society, in which the elderly can be independent, we need to explore the occupations that are suitable for the elderly and reduce social security-related expenditures. In our research scheme, we conjugated the related research fields including medical science, engineering, and social science in order to integrate the various aspects of a complex aged society. The recent progress in our research project is reported.
The challenge of growing oral spirochaetes (1997)

Research in periodontal disease has shown the presence of oral spirochaetes repeatedly in subgingival plaque. There is uncertainty as to whether these spirochaetes are involved in the actual disease process; however, it has been shown that their presence is a definite marker for disease occurrence. An understanding of their role in periodontal disease requires further characterisation of these organisms. Diagnostic tests would be useful for the clinician and enable treatment for the patient to be planned. Studies on characterising the different treponemal species have been limited by difficulties in culturing these organisms. Moreover, there is a need to obtain pure cultures of these organisms and to identify them in order to associate particular species with disease and, ultimately, to make probes for their easy detection directly from dental plaque. This review examines the methods used, and reports our own experience, in obtaining pure cultures of oral spirochaetes. The techniques available and the problems that occur when identifying these organisms are also considered.
400-nm InGaN-GaN and InGaN-AlGaN multiquantum well light-emitting diodes (2002)

The 400-nm In/sub 0.05/Ga/sub 0.95/N-GaN MQW light-emitting diode (LED) structure and In/sub 0.05/Ga/sub 0.95/N-Al/sub 0.1/Ga/sub 0.9/N LED structure were both prepared by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. It was found that the use of Al/sub 0.1/Ga/sub 0.9/N as the material for barrier layers would not degrade crystal quality of the epitaxial layers. It was also found that the 20-mA electroluminescence intensity of InGaN-AlGaN multiquantum well (MQW) LED was two times larger than that of the InGaN-GaN MQW LED. The larger maximum output intensity and the fact that maximum output intensity occurred at larger injection current suggest that AlGaN barrier layers can provide a better carrier confinement and effectively reduce leakage current.
Development of Novel Glucose and Pyruvate Biosensors at Poly(Neutral Red) Modified Carbon Film Electrodes. Application to Natural Samples (2006)

Abstract Amperometric biosensors based on the corresponding oxidase enzyme with poly(neutral red) redox mediator have been developed for the determination of glucose and pyruvate. The enzymes have been immobilized on top of poly(neutral red) modified carbon film electrodes with glutaraldehyde as the cross‐linking agent. The biosensors were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The glucose biosensor exhibited a linear response in the range 90 μM to 1.8 mM with a detection limit of 22 μM and the pyruvate biosensor in the range 90 to 600 μM with a detection limit of 34 μM. The relative standard deviations were found to be 2.1% ( n =3) and 2.8% ( n =4) respectively. The interference effects of various compounds were also studied. The glucose content of several types of wine and the amount of pyruvate in onion and garlic were determined and the results were compared with those obtained by standard spectrophotometric methods.
Color hologram generation using depth map of real objects with viewing-zone-angle expansion (2012)

Holography is the ultimate 3D image technology which can display natural 3D images for humans because it records and reconstructs the wavefront from objects. Previously, we had studied the holography of real scenes and proposed a color hologram generation method using the same viewpoint for images of a real scene; i.e., color image and depth map. Although the images reconstructed from the hologram were in full color and in a high-resolution format called 8K4K, the observed range was only 5.6 degrees, which was insufficient. In this paper, we propose a hologram generation method with viewing-zone-angle expansion. First, object beams are calculated for the light that propagates in the different directions and satisfies the maximum diffraction angle. Second, holograms reconstructing the different viewing-zone- angles are generated by irradiating with reference beams that have different incidence angles. As an experimental result, the reconstructed images were observed over a wide range and we confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method. At this time, to apply a method which calculates the light propagation with FFTs because the amount of calculation had tripled, we confirmed that the processing speed is nine times faster than that achieved previously.
Detection of speech landmarks: Use of temporal information (2004)

Studies by Shannon et al. [Science, 270, 303-304 (1995)], Van Tasell et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 1152-1161 (1987)], and others show that human listeners can understand important aspects of the speech signal when spectral shape has been significantly degraded. These experiments suggest that temporal information is particularly important in human speech perception when the speech signal is heavily degraded. In this study, a system is developed that extracts linguistically relevant temporal information that can be used in the front end of an automatic speech recognition system. The parameters targeted include energy onset and offsets (computed using an adaptive algorithm) and measures of periodic and aperiodic content; together these are used to find abrupt acoustic events which signify landmarks. Overall detection rates for strongly robust events, robust events, and weak events in a portion of the TIMIT test database are 98.9%, 94.7%, and 52.1%, respectively. Error rates increase by less than 5% when the speech signals are spectrally impoverished. Use of the four temporal parameters as the front end of a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based system for the automatic recognition of the manner classes "sonorant," "fricative," "stop," and "silence" results in the same recognition accuracy achieved when the standard 39 cepstral-based parameters are used, 70.1%. The combination of the temporal parameters and cepstral parameters results in an accuracy of 74.8%.
Fluorescence Spectrum Characteristics of Gold Nanorods (2004)

Aqueous solutions containing a high yield of suspended gold nanorods with mean aspect ratio 2.5 have been synthesized via an electrochemical method. The fluorescence emission peaks fixed at 370 nm and 670 nm are due to the local field enhancement via coupling to the transverse and longitudinal surface plasmon resonance. The quasi-static calculation results indicate that with the increasing aspect ratio of the nanorods, the longer wavelength emission peak decreases and red shifts, whereas the shorter wavelength emission peak blue shifts slightly.
A formal analysis of information disclosure in data exchange (2004)

We perform a theoretical study of the following query-view security problem: given a view V to be published, does V logically disclose information about a confidential query S? The problem is motivated by the need to manage the risk of unintended information disclosure in today's world of universal data exchange. We present a novel information-theoretic standard for query-view security. This criterion can be used to provide a precise analysis of information disclosure for a host of data exchange scenarios, including multi-party collusion and the use of outside knowledge by an adversary trying to learn privileged facts about the database. We prove a number of theoretical results for deciding security according to this standard. We also generalize our security criterion to account for prior knowledge a user or adversary may possess, and introduce techniques for measuring the magnitude of partical disclosures. We believe these results can be a foundation for practical efforts to secure data exchange frameworks, and also illuminate a nice interaction between logic and probability theory.
German family study on hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer: germline mutation analysis of the BRCA1 gene. (1997)

Women harboring BRCA1 germline mutations carry an 85% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer and a 63% risk of ovarian cancer. In this first systematic study of familial breast and/or ovarian cancer in Germany we investigated 29 families for germline mutations in the BRCA1 gene. We identified mutations in three breast cancer families and in four breast-ovarian cancer families. The mutations include one missense mutation, one frameshift mutation, one splice mutation, and four nonsense mutations cosegregating with breast and/or ovarian susceptibility in five of ten (50%) families showing positive evidence of linkage to chromosome band 17q21 and in two of 19 (11%) families where linkage data was not available. Two apparently unrelated families carried the same nonsense mutation at codon 1835 and three families harbored a C to T transition at nucleotide 49 of the untranslated exon 4. Allelotyping of the markers D17S855, D17S1322, D17S1323, and D17S1327 located within or near BRCA1 revealed that all affected individuals in the two families harboring the mutation at codon 1835 shared at least one allele indicating a founder mutation. With respect to the overall mutation spectrum, no mutations were identified in exon 11 (0/7) in this set of German families. These findings differed significantly from those in British (17/32)(P = 0.012) and Southern Swedish (13/15) (P < 0.001) families. The lack of BRCA1 mutations in exon 11 which represents 61% of the entire coding sequence may provide additional insight into BRCA1 associated breast and ovarian tumor development.