gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA-aneuploidy as marker for neoplasia in G1-urothelial carcinomas. (1996)

Biopsies from 60 grade-1 urothelial carcinomas and 50 normal bladder mucosae have been investigated by DNA-image-cytometry after enzymatic cell separation to determine the diagnostic sensitivity of DNA-aneuploidy for the identification of low grade urothelial neoplasia. Two different modes to detect DNA-aneuploidy were compared: the conventional application of a threshold at 2.2c for the modal DNA value and the use of the Kolmogoroff-Smirnow (KS) test to compare GO/1 phase fractions of the cells under analysis and the internal reference cells. Whereas the specificity for both types of analysis was 100%, the sentitivity of the latter method was 73.3% compared to 48.3% of the conventional procedure. Therefore, the application of the KS-test for the identification of DNA- stemlines as aneuploid results in an increased detection rate was compared with the conventional threshold procedure. The high prevalence of DNA- stemline aneuploidy even in low grade urothelial cancers may qualify this marker as a possible aid in the cytologic evaluation of urine and bladder washings.
Salicylic Acid Levels in Thermogenic and Non-Thermogenic Plants (1990)

The natural trigger for heat production in the thermogenic inflorescences of Sauromatum guttatum Schott (voodoo lily) was recently identified as salicylic acid (SA), which induced heat production at levels as low as 13 ng g f. wt−1. Since then the levels of SA were determined in other thermogenic and non-thermogenic plant species. In thermogenic inflorescences of five aroid species, and in male cones of at least four thermogenic cycads SA levels during heat production exceeded 1 μg g f. wt−1. SA was not detected in the thermogenic flowers of a water lily, Victoria regia Lindl. (Nymphaeaceae), and Bactris major Jacq. (Palmae). Levels of salicylic acid varied substantially in the floral parts of seven non-thermogenic species and in the leaves of 27 non-thermogenic species.
Yeast vacuolar aminopeptidase yscI (1989)

The structural gene, APE1, (LAP4), for the vacuolar aminopeptidase I of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned with the aid of a staining technique which permitted monitoring of aminopeptidase activity in yeast colonies. Genetic linkage data demonstrate that integrated copies of the cloned gene map to the APE1 locus. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned gene was determined. The open reading frame of APE1 consists of 514 codons and, therefore, encodes a larger protein (MW 57,003) than the reported mature aminopeptidase yscI (MW 44,800), suggesting that proteolytic processing must occur. A 1.75-kb mRNA, which is made in substantial amounts only when yeast cells have exhausted the glucose supply, was identified.
Vasodilation elicited by liposomal VIP is unimpeded by anti-VIP antibody in hamster cheek pouch (1998)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a monoclonal anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) antibody, which binds VIP with high affinity and specificity and catalyzes cleavage of the peptide in vitro, attenuates VIP vasorelaxation in vivo and, if so, whether insertion of VIP on the surface of sterically stabilized liposomes (SSL), which protects the peptide from trypsin- and plasma-catalyzed cleavage in vitro, curtails this response. Using intravital microscopy, we found that suffusion of monoclonal anti-VIP antibody (clone c23.5, IgG2ak), but not of nonimmune antibody (myeloma cell line UPC10, IgG2ak) or empty SSL, significantly attenuates VIP-induced vasodilation in the in situ hamster cheek pouch (P < 0.05). By contrast, anti-VIP antibody has no significant effects on vasodilation elicited by isoproterenol, nitroglycerin, and calcium ionophore A-23187, agonists that activate intracellular effector systems in blood vessels that mediate, in part, VIP vasoreactivity. Suffusion of VIP on SSL, but not of empty SSL, restores the vasorelaxant effects of VIP in the presence of anti-VIP antibody. Collectively, these data suggest that VIP catalysis by high affinity and specific VIP autoantibodies displaying protease-like activity constitutes a novel mechanism whereby VIP vasoreactivity is regulated in vivo.
Optimization of compact SATCOM terminals (2012)

A strategy to optimize dual-reflector antennas for compact Satellite Communications (SATCOM) terminals to meet various user-specified requirements is described. An overview of the method and design methodology is given, and some of the challenges in designing compact antennas as compared to traditional large Earth Station antennas are described.
QoE and power efficiency tradeoff for fog computing networks with fog node cooperation (2017)

This paper studies the workload offloading problem for fog computing networks in which a set of fog nodes can offload part or all the workload originally targeted to the cloud data centers to further improve the quality-of-experience (QoE) of users. We investigate two performance metrics for fog computing networks: users' QoE and fog nodes' power efficiency. We observe a fundamental tradeoff between these two metrics for fog computing networks. We then consider cooperative fog computing networks in which multiple fog nodes can help each other to jointly offload workload from cloud data centers. We propose a novel cooperation strategy referred to as offload forwarding, in which each fog node, instead of always relying on cloud data centers to process its unprocessed workload, can also forward part or all of its unprocessed workload to its neighboring fog nodes to further improve the QoE of its users. A distributed optimization algorithm based on distributed alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) via variable splitting is proposed to achieve the optimal workload allocation solution that maximizes users' QoE under the given power efficiency. We consider a fog computing platform that is supported by a wireless infrastructure as a case study to verify the performance of our proposed framework. Numerical results show that our proposed approach significantly improves the performance of fog computing networks.
Data stream prediction in distributed stream processing environment (2012)

With the wide adoption of distributed stream processing, the requirement of guaranteeing QoS has been raised to a new standard. Since node load influences QoS directly, it is a hotspot of research. Through analyzing the relationship between input data stream and load of physical node, this paper abstracted a local node model from traditional distributed stream processing network. Based on this model, a new data stream prediction algorithm grounded on a classic machine learning algorithm — Share Algorithm — is proposed. The new algorithm uses recent data stream as the prediction resource and efficiently accomplishes the prediction of single nodes in the future period. Our experiments show that 73% of predictions can achieve the accuracy more than 90% with some common data traces.
Vaccination of Congenitally-Immune Chicks against Newcastle Disease Virus (1968)

One to 2-day-old chicks with different levels of passive immunity and controls were vaccinated with an homogenate of chemically-inactivated Newcastle disease virus antigen-antibody complexes, excess antibody, and aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. The antigen-antibody complex vaccine protected 65% or more of the chicks (usually < 80%) against a challenge dose of 104.5 BLD50 for at least 10-weeks postvaccination. Comparable protection was not achieved in the passively-immune chicks when vaccinated with preparations containing only antigen and adjuvant. In susceptible chicks, however, the antigen-antibody complex vaccine did not confer any better protection against challenge inoculation than did simple vaccines. It was concluded that immunological refractoriness of congenitally-immune chicks can be surmounted by appropriate vaccination with an antigen-antibody complex vaccine.
S<scp>TABILITY AND</scp> T<scp>RANSITION OF</scp> T<scp>HREE</scp>-D<scp>IMENSIONAL</scp> B<scp>OUNDARY</scp> L<scp>AYERS</scp> (2002)

▪ Abstract The recent progress in three-dimensional boundary-layer stability and transition is reviewed. The material focuses on the crossflow instability that leads to transition on swept wings and rotating disks. Following a brief overview of instability mechanisms and the crossflow problem, a summary of the important findings of the 1990s is given.
Development of a Magnetic Targeting Device Applied to Interlocking of Distal Intramedullary Nail Screw Holes (2003)

A magnetic targeting device was developed to assist orthopedic surgeon’s with distal interlocking of intramedullary nails, in which the novel device aligns the surgeon’s drill at the correct location for drilling. This device has significant advantages over current technology, being percutaneous, portable, and using no fluoroscopy for targeting. This device can allow shorter surgery, decreased radiation exposure, and fewer complications for the surgeon and patient.
Double- and triple-step incremental linear interpolation (1994)

Incremental linear interpolation determines the set of n+1 equidistant points on an interval [a,b] where all variables involved (n, a, b, and the set of equidistant points) are integers and n>0. Our method of linear interpolation generalizes the findings of a variable-step line-drawing algorithm. The resulting interpolation algorithm has as many loops as the line-drawing algorithm, but fewer restrictions on its input variables. Furthermore, its benefits over the fixed-step interpolation algorithms are similar to those of the variable-step line-drawing algorithm. That is, the double- and triple-step interpolation algorithm can reduce the number of loop iterations of the double-step interpolation algorithm (by 12.5% on average) while keeping the code complexity, initialization costs, and worst-case performance the same. The improvement in speed over the single-step B5 algorithm is even greater.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Growth Process of Silicon Over SiO2 by CVD: Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth Technique (1983)

The epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) process of depositing single crystal silicon over a mask is described. A CVD technique has been developed which consists of depositing silicon in openings in a mask and then growing the silicon laterally over the film. By optimizing the concentration in the gas, growth temperature, and the use of a growth procedure based on a series of growth/etch steps the nucleation of polysilicon over has been eliminated and monocrystalline ELO films have been grown. Low defect density ELO films have been achieved by orientating the oxide islands along the [010] direction on (100) substrates. The growth kinetics, overgrowth morphology, and defect formation in ELO films are described as a function of the growth conditions. One can conclude that optimization of the growth process has allowed us to grow monocrystalline, low defect density ELO films with smooth mirrorlike surfaces.
Immunologic determinants of head and neck cancer response to induction chemotherapy. (1989)

Various measures of immune response were assessed prior to induction chemotherapy (intravenous [IV] cisplatin, fluorouracil [5-FU], and bleomycin) in 43 previously untreated head and neck cancer patients to derive a clinical response prediction model. These were parameters of functional cellular immunity (natural killer [NK] cell activity, lymphocyte blastogenesis response to mitogens), total lymphocyte and lymphocyte subset numbers and percentages, and circulating humoral immunity (total immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin classes, and C1q binding activity [C1q BA]). The C1q BA may reflect levels of circulating immune complexes within peripheral blood. The objective primary tumor response rate was 65% (16 complete responses and 12 partial responses). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that failure to respond to therapy was significantly related to higher value (vis-à-vis response) of humoral immune parameters total immunoglobulin (Ig), P less than .01; IgG, P less than .01; and C1q BA, P less than .001. No association between cellular immune response measurements and response to chemotherapy was identified. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, only C1q BA levels were predictive of drug therapy responsiveness (P less than .001). Results extend our previous investigations regarding C1q BA measurement in head and neck cancer patients, and show that C1q BA levels add accuracy of prediction of subsequent chemotherapy response to that based solely on standard staging criteria and other parameters of immune status.
Use of Systemic Proteasome Inhibition as an Immune-Modulating Agent in Disease (2007)

Bortezomib is the first proteasome inhibitor to be used clinically for the treatment of multiple myeloma and has been suggested as a possible treatment for a wide variety of hematologic and solid malignancies. Recent data suggests that potent immunomodulatory effects can also occur with systemic proteasome inhibition. This has been recently shown to occur in a graft-versus host disease model following bone marrow transplantation in mice. The suggested direct immunological effects of bortezomib treatment to include a decrease in anti-apoptotic protein levels, an increase in expression of TNF-family receptors (specifically Apo2L/TRAIL), induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. The NF-kappaB pathway has been associated with the regulation of numerous immune and inflammatory response mediators. In this review, we will present recent information concerning the potential therapeutic implications of bortezomib for a range of immune disorders. These findings would suggest that bortezomib treatment may be of clinical significance to suppress solid organ transplant rejection, autoreactive T cell responses, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and consequently disease progression and pathology in autoimmunity.
Documentation of Hyperglucagonemia Throughout the Day in Nonobese and Obese Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus* (1987)

Plasma glucose, insulin, FFA, glucagon, and GH concentrations were measured over an 8-h period in normal subjects and patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Meals were consumed at 0800 h (20% of daily calories) and noon (40% of daily calories), and measurements were made hourly from 0800-1600 h. Day-long plasma glucose, insulin, and FFA concentrations were higher than normal (by two-way analysis of variance) in patients with NIDDM, whether obese or nonobese. In addition, day-long plasma glucagon concentrations were also higher than normal (by two-way analysis of variance) in both nonobese and obese patients with NIDDM. Furthermore, direct relationships were found between the total plasma glucagon response from 0800-1600 h and total plasma glucose (r = 0.57; P less than 0.001) and FFA (r = 0.30; P less than 0.06) responses. In contrast, plasma GH levels were not increased in patients with NIDDM. These data demonstrate that ambient plasma concentrations of both glucose and FFA are higher in patients with NIDDM, despite the fact that coexisting plasma insulin levels are equal to or higher than normal. The higher day-long plasma glucagon levels in patients with NIDDM may contribute to their higher plasma glucose and FFA concentrations.
Incorporating user control into recommender systems based on naive bayesian classification (2007)

Recommender systems are increasingly being employed to personalize services, such as on the web, but also in electronics devices, such as personal video recorders. These recommenders learn a user profile, based on rating feedback from the user on, e.g., books, songs, or TV programs, and use machine learning techniques to infer the ratings of new items.
An Objective Procedure for Evaluation of Adaptive Antifeedback Algorithms in Hearing Aids (2006)

The objective methods devised for this study appear useful for evaluating the performance of adaptive antifeedback algorithms. Currently available algorithms demonstrate a wide range of performance, and further research is required to develop new algorithms that combine the best features of existing algorithms.
Condensing Heat Transfer Enhancement on Vertical Spiral Double Fin Tubes With Drainage Gutters (1985)

Spiral double-fin tubes with drainage gutters are proposed for a vertical condenser to achieve high-condensing heat transfer performance for ocean thermal energy conversion application. There aluminum tubes have 5 or 10 spiral primary fins per pitch of spiral drainage fin. The condensation occurs mainly on the 0.8-mm-high primary fins; the 2-mm-high drainage fin collects the condensate from the primary fins, and a vertical drainage gutter removes the condensate from the drainage fin. Thus performance degradation due to accumulation of condensate in the vertical direction is avoided. Experiments were carried out using R-22 (chlorodifluromethane) as the working fluid in a shell using seven aluminum tubes (900 mm in effective length and 20 mm in nominal diameter). The drainage fin pitch, the primary fin pitch, shape of primary fin, and number of drainage gutters per tube were selected as parameters. One of the tubes had a 0.2-mm-thick titanium cladding on the inside (water side). The measured working-fluid-side condensing heat transfer coefficients for these tubes were four to six times those for a smooth tube based on the outer surface area.
Batch and bulk removal of hazardous colouring agent Rose Bengal by adsorption techniques using bottom ash as adsorbent (2012)

Rose Bengal is a halogen-containing fluorescein water soluble dye, which is widely used for medical purposes. The dye, however, is highly toxic and can cause irritation, itching etc. to the human skin and eyes. It is therefore considered worthwhile to develop a systematic method for the removal of Rose Bengal by adsorption processes. The present investigation is devoted to batch as well as bulk removal of Rose Bengal. Under preliminary batch studies, adsorption isotherm measurements and kinetic studies were carried out, while for the bulk removal, a glass column was used as a fixed bed adsorber made up of Bottom Ash. Attempts were also made for the recovery of the dye from the exhausted Bottom Ash column by eluting dilute NaOH. The paper also presents a detailed procedure for activating Bottom Ash and its chemical and physical analysis. Rose Bengal showed a decrease in adsorption with increasing pH and conversely, increases in concentration, temperature, amount of adsorbent and sieve size increased the adsorption. Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and D–R adsorption isotherm models were also verified, and on the basis of Langmuir constants thermodynamic parameters such as the Gibb's free energy, enthalpy and entropy of the adsorption were also calculated. A pseudo-second order process was found to operate during the adsorption. During column operations various parameters like fractional capacity of the column, mass flow rate, percentage saturation of column etc. were calculated. Desorption from the exhausted column gave almost 91% of dye recovery.
Enhancement of second-harmonic generation from silicon stripes under external cylindrical strain (2009)

The enhanced second-harmonic (SH) generation from Si (111) stripes induced by external cylindrical strain is investigated. The dependence of the intensity of the strain-induced SH on the sample azimuth shows that the Si under cylindrical strain has 3m symmetry, which is similar to that of the Si (111) surface. Further studies indicate that the intensity of the enhanced SH is a quadratic function of the cylindrical strain within the magnitude that the Si stripe can bear. For the p-polarized and s-polarized SH, the intensities are, respectively, enhanced by 47.9% and 13% at epsilon(0)=2.93x10(-4). The enhancement of SH is due to the contributions from the strain-induced second-order nonlinear susceptibility chi(strain)(2) to the bulk dipole.
Achieving Linear Speedup with Partial Worker Participation in Non-IID Federated Learning (2021)

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning architecture that leverages a large number of workers to jointly learn a model with decentralized data. FL has received increasing attention in recent years thanks to its data privacy protection, communication efficiency and a linear speedup for convergence in training (i.e., convergence performance increases linearly with respect to the number of workers). However, existing studies on linear speedup for convergence are only limited to the assumptions of i.i.d. datasets across workers and/or full worker participation, both of which rarely hold in practice. So far, it remains an open question whether or not the linear speedup for convergence is achievable under non-i.i.d. datasets with partial worker participation in FL. In this paper, we show that the answer is affirmative. Specifically, we show that the federated averaging (FedAvg) algorithm (with two-sided learning rates) on non-i.i.d. datasets in non-convex settings achieves a convergence rate $\mathcal{O}(\frac{1}{\sqrt{mKT}} + \frac{1}{T})$ for full worker participation and a convergence rate $\mathcal{O}(\frac{\sqrt{K}}{\sqrt{nT}} + \frac{1}{T})$ for partial worker participation, where $K$ is the number of local steps, $T$ is the number of total communication rounds, $m$ is the total worker number and $n$ is the worker number in one communication round if for partial worker participation. Our results also reveal that the local steps in FL could help the convergence and show that the maximum number of local steps can be improved to $T/m$ in full worker participation. We conduct extensive experiments on MNIST and CIFAR-10 to verify our theoretical results.
Modeling Spatial-Temporal Dynamics for Traffic Prediction. (2018)

Spatial-temporal prediction has many applications such as climate forecasting and urban planning. In particular, traffic prediction has drawn increasing attention in data mining research field for the growing traffic related datasets and for its impacts in real-world applications. For example, an accurate taxi demand prediction can assist taxi companies to pre-allocate taxis to meet with commuting demands. The key challenge of traffic prediction lies in how to model the complex spatial and temporal dependencies. In this paper, we make two important observations which have not been considered by previous studies: (1) the spatial dependency between locations are dynamic; and (2) the temporal dependency follows strong periodicity but is not strictly periodic for its dynamic temporal shifting. Based on these two observations, we propose a novel Spatial-Temporal Dynamic Network (STDN) framework. In this framework, we propose a flow gating mechanism to learn the dynamic similarity between locations via traffic flow. A periodically shifted attention mechanism is designed to handle long-term periodic dependency and periodic temporal shifting. Furthermore, we extend our framework from region-based traffic prediction to traffic prediction for road intersections by using graph convolutional structure. We conduct extensive experiments on several large-scale real traffic datasets and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach over state-of-the-art methods.