gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction of a genetically engineered microorganism for CO<sub>2</sub>fixation using a<i>Rhodopseudomonas</i>/<i>Escherichia coli</i>shuttle vector (2003)

The CO2 fixation ability of Rhodopseudomonas palustris DH was enhanced by introducing the recombinant plasmid pMG-CBBM containing the form II ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) gene (cbbM) isolated from Rps. palustris NO. 7. Sequencing of a 3.0-kb PstI fragment containing the cbbM gene revealed an open reading frame encoding 461 amino acids, homologous to known cbbM genes, with a ribosome binding site upstream of cbbM and a terminator downstream of cbbM, without promoter. pMG-CBBM, a Rhodopseudomonas/Escherichia coli shuttle expression plasmid, was derived from the Rhodopseudomonas/E. coli shuttle cloning vector pMG105, by inserting the promoter of the pckA gene and the cbbM gene into its multiple cloning site. Plasmid pMG-CBBM was transformed into Rps. palustris DH by electroporation, and was stably maintained when transformants were grown either photoheterotrophically or photolithoautotrophically in the absence of antibiotics. This is the first report of an expression plasmid containing a Rps. palustris-specific promoter that allows stable expression of a foreign gene in the absence of antibiotic selection.
Fluid Dynamic Drag: Practical Information on Aerodynamic Drag and Hydrodynamic Resistance (1965)

Fluid-dynamic drag: practical information on aerodynamic drag and hydrodynamic resistance , Fluid-dynamic drag: practical information on aerodynamic drag and hydrodynamic resistance , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Advances in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2003)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and irreversible airflow limitation with extreme economic and social burden. It is estimated that over the next two decades, it will become the 5(th) most prevalent disease and the 3(rd) most common cause of death in the world. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of airway inflammation and alveolar destruction allows for the development of new therapeutic targets. Tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor in the development of COPD, thus making smoking cessation of the outermost importance. This article provides a critical review of present therapy for COPD. In addition to conventional treatment (bronchodilators, corticosteroids and antibiotics) and smoking cessation therapies, novel approaches with potential benefit are discussed.
Design, Synthesis and Insecticidal Evaluation of Novel Pyrazolecarboxamides Containing Cyano Substituted <i>N</i>‐Pyridylpyrazole (2010)

Abstract 12 novel pyrazolecarboxamides containing cyano substituted N ‐pyridylpyrazole were synthesized, and their structures were characterized by 1 H NMR and HRMS techniques. Their evaluated insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm ( Mythimna separata ) indicated that the cyano‐containing pyrazolecarboxamides exhibited moderate insecticidal activities. Compounds 6i and 6k showed comparable higher activity than corresponding anthranilic diamide 6m .
Dissection of Tomato Lycopene Biosynthesis through Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (2013)

Lycopene biosynthesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits has been proposed to proceed through a poly-cis pathway catalyzed by phytoene synthase (PSY), two desaturases (phytoene desaturase [PDS] and ζ-carotene desaturase [ZDS]), and two cis-trans isomerases (ζ-carotene isomerase [ZISO] and prolycopene isomerase [CrtISO]). The mechanism of action of these enzymes has been studied in Escherichia coli, but a systematic study of their in vivo function is lacking. We studied the function of nine candidate genes (PSY1, PSY2, PSY3, PDS, ZDS, ZISO, CrtISO, CrtISO-Like1, and CrtISO-Like2) using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) coupled to high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and mass spectrometry, which allowed the identification and quantitation of 45 different carotenoid isomers, including linear xanthophylls. The data confirm the confinement of the VIGS signal to the silenced fruits and the similarity of the phenotypes of PSY1- and CrtISO-silenced fruits with those of the yellow flesh and tangerine mutants. Light was able to restore lycopene biosynthesis in ZISO-silenced fruits. Isomeric composition of fruits silenced at different metabolic steps suggested the existence of three functional units, comprising PSY1, PDS/ZISO, and ZDS/CrtISO, and responsible for the synthesis of 15-cis-phytoene, 9,9'-di-cis-ζ-carotene, and all-trans-lycopene, respectively. Silencing of a desaturase (PDS or ZDS) resulted in the induction of the isomerase in the same functional unit (ZISO or CrtISO, respectively). All-trans-ζ-carotene was detectable in nonsilenced fruits, greatly increased in ZDS-silenced ones, and disappeared in CrtISO-Like1-/CrtISO-Like2-silenced ones, suggesting the existence of a metabolic side branch, comprising this compound and initiated by the latter enzymes.
Biological control of chestnut blight: an example of virus-mediated attenuation of fungal pathogenesis (1992)

Environmental concerns have focused attention on natural forms of disease control as potentially safe and effective alternatives to chemical pesticides. This has led to increased efforts to develop control strategies that rely on natural predators and parasites or that involve genetically engineered microbial pest control agents. This review deals with a natural form of biological control in which the virulence of a fungal pathogen is attenuated by an endogenous viral RNA genetic element: the phenomenon of transmissible hypovirulence in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica. Recent progress in the molecular characterization of a hypovirulence-associated viral RNA has provided an emerging view of the genetic organization and basic expression strategy of this class of genetic elements. Several lines of evidence now suggest that specific hypovirulence-associated virus-encoded gene products selectively modulate the expression of subsets of fungal genes and the activity of specific regulatory pathways. The construction of an infectious cDNA clone of a hypovirulence-associated viral RNA represents a major advancement that provides exciting new opportunities for examining the molecular basis of transmissible hypovirulence and for engineering hypovirulent strains for improved biocontrol. These developments have significantly improved the prospects of using this system to identify molecular determinants of virulence and elucidate signal transduction pathways involved in pathogenic responses. In addition, novel approaches are now available for extending the application of transmissible hypovirulence for management of chestnut blight and possibly other fungal diseases.
Hemin acts synergistically with interleukin-3 to promote the growth of multipotent stem cells (CFU-GEMM) in "serum-free" cultures of normal murine bone marrow. (1988)

The role of hemin (iron protoporphyrin 9) in the enhancement of interleukin-3 (IL-3)-stimulated multipotent stem cell colony formation was assessed in both serum-containing as well as in "serum-free" marrow culture systems. A greater than 7-fold enhancement in colony number was observed when cultures were supplemented with both IL-3 and hemin compared with either factor alone. In addition, this effect was observed over a wide concentration range. Hemin by itself failed to promote CFU-GEMM in the "serum-free" marrow culture system. The results suggest that hemin acts synergistically with IL-3 to promote the growth of CFU-GEMM in a dose-dependent manner.
Benzenesulfonamides: A Unique Class of Chemokine Receptor Type 4 Inhibitors (2013)

The interaction of CXCR4 with CXCL12 (SDF-1) plays a critical role in cancer metastasis by facilitating the homing of tumor cells to metastatic sites. Based on our previously published work on CXCR4 antagonists, we have synthesized a series of aryl sulfonamides that inhibit the CXCR4/CXCL12 interaction. Analogue bioactivities were assessed with binding affinity and Matrigel invasion assays. Computer modeling was employed to evaluate a selection of the new analogues docked into the CXCR4 X-ray structure and to rationalize discrepancies between the affinity and Matrigel in vitro assays. A lead compound displays nanomolar potency in the binding affinity assay (IC(50)=8.0 nM) and the Matrigel invasion assay (100 % blockade of invasion at 10 nM). These data demonstrate that benzenesulfonamides are a unique class of CXCR4 inhibitors with high potency.
An Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Bacteremia among Unvaccinated Nursing Home Residents (1998)

In this outbreak a single pneumococcal strain was disseminated among the residents and employees of a nursing home. The high prevalence of colonization with a virulent organism in an unvaccinated population contributed to the high attack rate. Clusters of pneumococcal disease may be underrecognized in nursing homes, and wider use of pneumococcal vaccine is important to prevent institutional outbreaks of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae infection.
System demonstration of a superconducting communication system (1999)

We report on the first complete system-level demonstration of a superconducting digital communication system. In today's digital computer and communication systems, managing data flow is a major challenge as the systems have to deal with a huge amount of information. A superconductor device may solve this problem. There have been several attempts to make superconducting switching core circuits, but there have been no complete system-level demonstrations. We have built such a system to demonstrate the efficiency of superconducting devices used in a communication system. Our system is focused on parallel processor communication, and consists of PCs as the processor elements at the three nodes, three interface boxes, and a superconductive chip immersed in a 4.2-K cryostat. The interconnection chip operation is essentially packet switching that was designed with a pipeline ring architecture. The interface box consists of parallel-serial converters, serial-parallel converters, a FIFO output buffer, and a level conversion circuit. The network system operates successfully at approximately 100 MHz, and the clock frequency is restricted by the speed of the interface ICs, not by that of the superconductive chip. We also confirmed the 2-GHz operation of the switching chip, and estimate that the total throughput of the system ran be increased to more than 10 Gbps.
570 mV photovoltage, stabilized n-Si/CoO<sub>x</sub>heterojunction photoanodes fabricated using atomic layer deposition (2016)

Deposition of a 50 nm thick CoO<sub>x</sub>layer on planar n-Si yields stable, high-performance photoanodes for water oxidation.
AN APPARATUS FOR THE DETECTION OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS (1939)

An apparatus for the detection of magnetic materials is described which operates on continuous direct current instead of alternating current or interrupted direct current, as has been the case with previous detectors. This apparatus is highly sensitive and requires very little adjustment. Once installed it can be operated by a non-technician.
A probabilistic active support vector learning algorithm (2004)

The paper describes a probabilistic active learning strategy for support vector machine (SVM) design in large data applications. The learning strategy is motivated by the statistical query model. While most existing methods of active SVM learning query for points based on their proximity to the current separating hyperplane, the proposed method queries for a set of points according to a distribution as determined by the current separating hyperplane and a newly defined concept of an adaptive confidence factor. This enables the algorithm to have more robust and efficient learning capabilities. The confidence factor is estimated from local information using the k nearest neighbor principle. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on real-life data sets both in terms of generalization performance, query complexity, and training time.
Detecting obstacles and drop-offs using stereo and motion cues for safe local motion (2008)

A mobile robot operating in an urban environment has to navigate around obstacles and hazards. Though a significant amount of work has been done on detecting obstacles, not much attention has been given to the detection of drop-offs, e.g., sidewalk curbs, downward stairs, and other hazards where an error could lead to disastrous consequences. In this paper, we propose algorithms for detecting both obstacles and drop-offs (also called negative obstacles) in an urban setting using stereo vision and motion cues. We propose a global color segmentation stereo method and compare its performance at detecting hazards against prior work using a local correlation stereo method. Furthermore, we introduce a novel drop-off detection scheme based on visual motion cues that adds to the performance of the stereo-vision methods. All algorithms are implemented and evaluated on data obtained by driving a mobile robot in urban environments.
Applications of Wearable Technology in Elite Sports (2015)

Wearable technology and biometrical data analysis have been around for a number of years within the Elite sports sector. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in the professional sports market; to the extent that many of the biometrics used by athletes are now available for consumers. The paper will focus primarily on four topics; the extent to which data from the wearable devices can be of benefit to the coaches and athletes; to what extent wearable devices can optimise training; the extent to which wearable technology could prevent injury; and also take a look at what the future holds for elite level wearable technology. Insights gathered include how the data provided by the wearable devices could benefit the health and well-being of an athlete. The data fed back to the coaches and medical staff could enable early detection of an injury and hence training could be adjusted accordingly. Furthermore, the data enables the athlete to monitor themselves and therefore, benchmark themselves against others and identify areas for improvement.
Exploring Molecular Mechanisms of Ligand Recognition by Opioid Receptors with Metadynamics (2009)

Opioid receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of utmost significance in the development of potent analgesic drugs for the treatment of severe pain. An accurate evaluation at the molecular level of the ligand binding pathways into these receptors may play a key role in the design of new molecules with more desirable properties and reduced side effects. The recent characterization of high-resolution X-ray crystal structures of non-rhodopsin GPCRs for diffusible hormones and neurotransmitters presents an unprecedented opportunity to build improved homology models of opioid receptors, and to study in more detail their molecular mechanisms of ligand recognition. In this study, possible pathways for entry of the nonselective antagonist naloxone (NLX) from the water environment into the well-accepted alkaloid binding pocket of a delta opioid receptor (DOR) molecular model based on the beta2-adrenergic receptor crystal structure are explored using microsecond-scale well-tempered metadynamics simulations. Using as collective variables distances that account for the position of NLX and of the receptor extracellular loop 2 in relation to the DOR binding pocket, we were able to distinguish between the different states visited by the ligand (i.e., docked, undocked, and metastable bound intermediates) and to predict a free energy of binding close to experimental values after correcting for possible drawbacks of the sampling approach. The strategy employed herein holds promise for its application to the docking of diverse ligands to the opioid receptors as well as to other GPCRs.
SHOPPING HOURS AND PRICE LEVELS IN THE RETAILING INDUSTRY: A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS (1995)

We explore the effect of extended shopping hours on the demand faced by small and large stores and on their prices. Our theoretical model predicts that prices at large stores will increase after opening hours are deregulated. We then test this prediction using a set of Quebec data collected before and after the deregulation of opening hours in July 1990. The results support our view that prices have increased at large stores since deregulation and that consumers pay for greater shopping flexibility.
High Molecular Weight Derivatives of Human Fibrinogen Produced by Plasmin (1969)

Abstract Two high molecular weight derivatives of fibrinogen (Fragments X and Y) produced by plasmin digestion have been identified by comparative analyses of the digests in agar, agarose, and acrylamide electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, and analytical ultracentrifugation. These fragments were purified by salt precipitation and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and their physicochemical and immunological properties were defined. Fragment X has a molecular weight of 240,000, as compared with 300,000 for fibrinogen, and is slowly but almost completely (85%) clotted by thrombin. Fragment Y has a molecular weight of 155,000 and cannot be clotted by thrombin. Fragments X and Y can be further digested by plasmin to form the known end stage products, Fragments D and E. The molecular weight of Fragment D was found to be 83,000, in agreement with previous reports, while the molecular weight of Fragment E was 50,000, somewhat higher than reported values. These various findings clarify the sequence and stoichiometry of reactions involved in the fragmentation of fibrinogen by plasmin.
Pedicled or skeletonized? A review of the internal thoracic artery graft. (2003)

The internal thoracic artery is the gold-standard conduit for coronary artery bypass surgery. Until recently, it was used almost exclusively as a pedicle, with construction of 1 distal anastomosis. Skeletonization of the internal thoracic artery has recently been advocated in order to increase the number of arterial anastomoses and decrease the occurrence of sternal wound infections. When skeletonized, the vessel loses its "milieu" which raises the question of whether this technique sacrifices the superior longevity of the conduit. The current status of research on the effects of skeletonization (depriving the internal thoracic artery of vasa vasorum, innervation, and lymphatic and venous drainage, together with creating an imbalance between vasoconstricting and vasodilating substances) appears to support the superiority of the pedicled graft. Long-term patency studies of the skeletonized ITA, with meticulous follow-up and confirmation by angiography, are not currently available. Theoretically, skeletonization of the ITA might adversely affect its long-term resistance to atherosclerosis. More data are needed before this technique can be universally recommended. If the skeletonized ITA has decreased long-term patency, bypass surgery may be at a disadvantage when compared with the new generation of drug-eluting stents.
Disharges (1978)

The electric strength of solid insulation may decrease greatly with time of voltage application if discharges occur [1] within gaseous inclusions, [2] at sharp-edged conductors embedded in the solid, [3] on the surface from adjacent conductors, or [4] as a result of surface contamination. Mechanisms of breakdown and factors which affect the electric strength of gases are surveyed, as a basis for understanding the complex behavior of internal and surface discharges: particularly temporal changes in their magnitude and recurrence frequency. Mechanisms by which discharges cause progressive degradation and ultimate failure are considered, also techniques for assessing the relative resistance of materials to surface or internal discharges or "treeing". Finally the review surveys the merits of different methods for ensuring against failure by discharges. Reliance on short-term over-voltage tests reduces the cost of testing but there is considerable risk of trees or tracking being initiated, rendering the insulation more likely to fail in service. Discharge measurements reduce this risk, but it is important to discriminate between discharges in the test object and external interference. There is as yet inadequate information for specifying acceptable discharge levels for the many types of insulation and service conditions. insulation; indeed, chemically active products generated in them by ionization may promote progressive electrochemical deterioration and eventual breakdown by surface tracking or thermal instability.
Linear furocoumarins (psoralens) from the seed of Texas Ammi majus L. (Bishop's weed) (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLinear furocoumarins (psoralens) from the seed of Texas Ammi majus L. (Bishop's weed)G. Wayne IvieCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 6, 1394–1403Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60220a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60220a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Local Identification of Magnetic Hysteresis Properties Near Cutting Edges of Electrical Steel Sheets (2008)

Technological processes performed on electrical steel influence drastically their magnetic properties. The local mechanical state, changed by the introduction of cutting stresses and strains, degrades the local magnetic properties of the material. Therefore, the need exists to characterize accurately the change of the magnetic properties as a function of the distance from the cutting edge. We present a nondestructive experimental setup where spatial and time-dependent voltages are measured on the basis of needle probe sensors. We simulate the needle potentials, using a forward numerical model, starting from spatial dependent material properties, characterized by the Preisach model. Finally, we introduce a suitable algorithm which solves the inverse problem in order to recover the local magnetic properties starting from the measured potentials.