gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regression clustering (2004)

Complex distribution in real-world data is often modeled by a mixture of simpler distributions. Clustering is one of the tools to reveal the structure of this mixture. The same is true to the datasets with chosen response variables that people run regression on. Without separating the clusters with very different response properties, the residue error of the regression is large. Input variable selection could also be misguided to a higher complexity by the mixture. In regression clustering (RC), K (>1) regression functions are applied to the dataset simultaneously which guide the clustering of the dataset into K subsets each with a simpler distribution matching its guiding function. Each function is regressed on its own subset of data with a much smaller residue error. Both the regressions and the clustering optimize a common objective function. We present a RC algorithm based on K-harmonic means clustering algorithm and compare it with other existing RC algorithms based on K-means and EM.
Third-Order Dispersion and Ultrafast-Pulse Propagation in Silicon Wire Waveguides (2006)

The dynamics of femtosecond (fs) pulse propagation in dispersion engineered silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photonic wires is investigated numerically. For fs pulses propagating in millimeter-long SOI waveguides, the interplay between nonlinear effects, group velocity dispersion (GVD), and the third-order dispersion (TOD) results in significant pulse reshaping. At the zero-GVD (ZGVD) wavelength, TOD causes strong pulse-shape asymmetry in both the temporal and spectral domains. In addition, in the anomalous GVD region near the ZGVD wavelength, soliton-like pulse dynamics is observed
Microwave plasma source for remote low energy ion stream (1990)

A plasma source capable of delivering a narrow (2 to 3-in. diameter), low ion energy (10–30 eV), plasma stream has been designed and tested. Microwave plasmas were excited in a 3-in.-diam chamber by cw electromagnetic waves (2.45 GHz, 200–1000 W) in the presence of static axial magnetic fields of 875–930 G. Plasma was delivered to the sample via a 12-in.-long, 2-in.-diam-metal tube. Ion current densities of several hundred μA/cm2 at gas pressures 1–3×10−4 Torr (N2, Xe) were achieved at distances of 15–16 in. from the source output.
Chemotactic migration of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) to salivary gland extracts of vector ticks. (2002)

The migration of Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi) toward salivary gland extracts (SGEs) of vector ticks was determined by a modified U-tube chemotaxis assay. Responses of cultured spirochetes to the SGEs were measured by dark-field microscopy at intervals after the initial inoculation. The average numbers of spirochetes that migrated were compared between U-tubes containing either SGEs or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Spirochetes showed increased migration in tubes containing SGE, and migration was approximately 10-20-fold higher than that for spirochetes observed in tubes containing PBS. In addition, the span of migration showed no significant difference relative to the origin of spirochete isolation. These results demonstrate that spirochete migration can be enhanced by SGEs from fed vector ticks. This mechanism may contribute to the novel transmission of Lyme disease spirochetes between cofeeding infected and uninfected ticks in nature.
Vector quantization with hyper-columnar clusters (2002)

A new vector quantization method is proposed which can reduce search complexity and code book memory size by reducing the number of code vectors without increasing quantization distortion. This method uses hyper-columnar clusters, and an input vector is quantized to a cluster, center axis of which is nearest to the input vector. Thus, one vector and one scalar must be coded and transmitted. The proposed method was applied to four geometrically different distributions and LPC cepstrums of speech signals. As a result, the number of code vectors was decreased compared with that in an ordinary vector quantizer, in all of the above distributions. Then the reduction of memory size and search complexity were evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new model of AA-amyloidosis induced by oral pristane in BALB/c mice. (1987)

Fifteen male BALB/c mice were given six intermittent oral doses of O.I. ml pristane (2, 6, 10, 14 tetramethylpentadecane) within a period of 9 weeks. Fifteen mice receiving tap water using the same schedule formed the control group. Amyloidosis was first detected in the spleen of a mouse which had died 33 weeks after the first dose and 24 weeks after the last. All six mice which were subsequently autopsied 34-51 weeks after the first dose also showed amyloidosis involving liver and spleen. The most extensive tissue deposits were seen at 37-38 weeks whereas the older mice showed predominantly chronic renal lesions with papillary necrosis, scars and cystic change. Electron microscopy confirmed the identity of the amyloid fibrils and the presence of globular stellate amyloid 'bodies' in liver and spleen. The amyloid deposits were shown to be made up of AA (amyloid associated) protein using an indirect immunoperoxidase method and a monoclonal rat anti-murine AA protein antibody. We did not find any plasmacytomas or increased numbers of plasma cells in the bone marrow. None of the control mice developed amyloidosis. This new experimental model promises to provide a means of studying several aspects of secondary amyloidosis which may be relevant to the clinical situation.
Local serotonin mediates cyclic strain-induced phenotype transformation, matrix degradation, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured sheep mitral valves (2012)

This study addressed the following questions: 1) Does cyclic tensile strain induce protein expression patterns consistent with myxomatous degeneration in mitral valves? 2) Does cyclic strain induce local serotonin synthesis in mitral valves? 3) Are cyclic strain-induced myxomatous protein expression patterns in mitral valves dependent on local serotonin? Cultured sheep mitral valve leaflets were subjected to 0, 10, 20, and 30% cyclic strain for 24 and 72 h. Protein levels of activated myofibroblast phenotype markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and nonmuscle embryonic myosin (SMemb); matrix catabolic enzymes, matrix metalloprotease (MMP) 1 and 13, and cathepsin K; and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in mitral valves increased with increased cyclic strain. Serotonin was present in the serum-free media of cultured mitral valves and concentrations increased with cyclic strain. Expression of the serotonin synthetic enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) increased in strained mitral valves. Pharmacologic inhibition of the serotonin 2B/2C receptor or TPH1 diminished expression of phenotype markers (α-SMA and SMemb) and matrix catabolic enzyme (MMP1, MMP13, and cathepsin K) expression in 10- and 30%-strained mitral valves. These results provide first evidence that mitral valves synthesize serotonin locally. The results further demonstrate that tensile loading modulates local serotonin synthesis, expression of effector proteins associated with mitral valve degeneration, and GAG synthesis. Inhibition of serotonin diminishes strain-mediated protein expression patterns. These findings implicate serotonin and tensile loading in mitral degeneration, functionally link the pathogeneses of serotoninergic (carcinoid, drug-induced) and degenerative mitral valve disease, and have therapeutic implications.
Complex quadrature mirror filters (2005)

This paper introduces a technique for the decomposition of a signal into N adjacent sub-bands uniformly spaced in the frequency domain. Each subband is in turn converted into two channels in quadrature subsampled by 1/2 N. It is then shown how the original input signal may be perfectly reconstructed from the 2 N channels, and a practical implementation is suggested. Potential applications to speech compression are discussed.
Surface Tension Measurements of <i>N</i>-Alkylimidazolium Ionic Liquids (2001)

We have measured the surface tensions, with use of a ring tensiometer, of a series of closely related ionic liquids [Cnmim][X] where [Cnmim] represents the 1-CnH2n+1-3-methylimidazolium cation (n = 4 [bmim], 8 [omim], and 12 [C12mim]) and X = PF6-, BF4-, Cl-, or Br-. The values of surface tension span an unusually wide range for compounds of such similar structure, from 45 mJ/m2 ([bmim][PF6]) to 24 mJ/m2 ([C12mim][PF6]) at 336 K. They all show a linear variation of surface tension with temperature allowing a separation of the surface excess entropy and energy components. The surface excess quantities are alkyl chain length-dependent; both the surface excess entropy and energy decrease as the alkyl chain in the 1-position of the cation is lengthened for a particular anion. For a common cation, a reduction in the surface excess entropy occurs with decreasing anion size. A similar effect occurs in the surface excess energy when the anion decreases in size for the shorter alkyl chain compounds. The wide range of values of the surface properties for these materials probably reflects changes in surface orientation of the cation.
Fast capture and separation of, and luminescent probe for, pollutant chromate using a multi-functional cationic heterometal-organic framework (2012)

We present one 3D cationic MOF (1-ClO(4)), which exhibits high thermal stability and strong alkali resistance. More importantly, it displays fast, selective capture of, and acts as a luminescent probe for, pollutant CrO(4)(2-) by anion exchange. Additionally, 1-ClO(4) exhibits interesting slow magnetic relaxation behavior at low temperature.
Corrigendum: Carbon nanotubes and carbon onions for modification of styrene–acrylate copolymer nanocomposites (2015)

In 1, the authors would like to acknowledge that support for this work was provided by the Riga Technical University through the Scientific Research Project Competition for Young Researchers No. ZP/2014-22.
Synthesis of hexahydro-3,3,5,5,7-pentaalkyl-2H-1,4-diazepin-2-ones from 1,3-diamines and ketones (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of hexahydro-3,3,5,5,7-pentaalkyl-2H-1,4-diazepin-2-ones from 1,3-diamines and ketonesPyong-Nae Son and John T. LaiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 2, 323–327Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00315a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00315a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Control of Spasticity in Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: II. Neurophysiologic Observations (1986)

We sought neurophysiologic evidence that spinal cord stimulation could modify the behavior of spinal reflexes in 15 chronic SCI patients who showed the beneficial effect of SCS on spasticity. We studied the behavior of passive stretch, clonus, cutaneous touch, plantar reflex irradiation, and the response to the neck flexion reinforcement maneuver during spinal cord stimulation by use of surface PEMG recordings. Fifty-five percent of the responses were changed during spinal cord stimulation, but with widely varying patterns of response in individual patients. Exceptional patients showed changes in most or all responses; most showed changes in two or three. Thirty of seventy-five responses showed a reduction in motor unit activity in the recordings. Eleven of seventy-five responses were increased. Excessive stimulation strength enhanced spasticity in patients in whom another stimulus setting suppressed spasticity. We conclude that spinal cord stimulation could modify segmental reflexes but that the effects were selective, probably dependent on the preserved segmental structures and ascending and descending pathways.
A new type personnel neutron dosimeter with thin Si detectors (1988)

A recently developed Si detector system that is capable of distinguishing recoil protons from a hydrogen-rich radiator, depending on charged particles generated by /sup 6/Li(n, alpha)T nuclear reaction, is investigated, taking essential requirements for personnel dosimeters into account. This dosimeter is a REM counter based on a new principle. It possesses two different target materials and distinguishes low-energy neutrons from fast neutrons. Results of response measurements for both types of neutrons are presented, and the results are evaluated. It is concluded that this method can be used to make a compact personnel neutron dosimeter with sufficient detection efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pharmacokinetics of oral 17 beta-estradiol. (1992)

The pharmacokinetics of oral 17 beta-estradiol (E2) were evaluated: only a limited amount of information is available on the subject. Because of the first passage hepatic effect, the blood levels of estrone (E1) are greater than those of E2; similar profiles exist for oral E1 sulfate, micronized E2 and E2 valerate. However, the short-term effects of oral E2 versus E1 on hepatic parameters may vary somewhat. Peak levels of E1 and E2 are achieved four hours after the administration of 1 mg of E2 and average 200 and 40-50 pg/mL, respectively. A dose-response relationship exists for serum levels achieved after oral E2 administration. Twelve-hour values are representative of the 24-hour profile. With prolonged use, the 24-hour levels may be equally representative and serum E2 levels increase, suggesting some cumulative effects. Smoking enhances the hepatic metabolism of oral estrogen and results primarily in a lower unbound E2 level.
Differential Expression of Genes in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2008)

Both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are common. In a gene expression profile study, it was noted that genes concerned with carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism, and signal transduction pathways are upregulated, while genes involved in cell adhesion, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, insulin signaling, immune system pathways, and inflammatory pathway are differentially expressed both in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Keywords: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolism, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, immune system pathways, inflammatory pathway, Carbon reactive protein (CRP)
Semi-transparent polymer solar cells with 6% PCE, 25% average visible transmittance and a color rendering index close to 100 for power generating window applications (2012)

Inverted semi-transparent organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with very high device performance, tunable transparency, and extraordinary transparency color perception and rendering properties have been demonstrated for power-generating window applications for buildings and automotives.
Combination therapy with aerosolized ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin for respiratory syncytial virus disease in adult bone marrow transplant recipients. (1995)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in adult BMT recipients are frequently complicated by fatal pneumonias. Therapy of RSV pneumonia with aerosolized ribavirin alone has been reported to be associated with a 70% mortality rate. Because immune globulin therapy has been reported to be beneficial, we conducted a prospective trial of combination therapy with aerosolized ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Aerosolized ribavirin was administered at 20 mg/ml for 18 h a day and IVIG was administered at 500 mg/kg every other day for the length of ribavirin therapy. Four lots of IVIG were chosen with RSV microneutralization Ab titers of 1:2048 to 1:8102. Between 8 January and 3 March 1993, during a community outbreak, 19 (45%) of 42 hospitalized adult BMT recipients with an acute respiratory illness were documented to have RSV disease. Two-thirds of these infections were hospital-acquired. All 19 patients presented with signs and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract illness. Sixteen patients developed pneumonia. The mortality was 22% in nine patients with pneumonia in whom therapy was initiated prior to the onset of profound respiratory failure. In contrast, the mortality was 100% in three patients with pneumonia in whom therapy was initiated within 24 h of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and in four untreated patients. We conclude that RSV may cause devastating outbreaks of severe pneumonia among hospitalized adult BMT recipients. Early diagnosis and combination therapy with ribavirin and IVIG was associated with a favorable outcome.
Identification of Novel CDK2 Inhibitors by QSAR and Virtual Screening Procedures (2008)

Abstract Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies were carried out on a set of 46 imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines, imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazines and 2,4‐bis anilino pyrimidines, and nitroso‐6‐aminopyrimidine and 2,6‐diaminopyrimidine inhibitors of CDK2 (Cyclin‐dependent Kinase2) using a multiple regression procedure. The activity contributions of these compounds were determined from regression equation and the validation procedures such as external set cross‐validation r 2 , ( R 2 cv,ext ) and the regression of observed activities against predicted activities and vice versa for validation set were described to analyze the predictive ability of the QSAR model. An accurate and reliable QSAR model involving five descriptors was chosen based on the FIT Kubinyi function which defines the statistical quality of the model. The proposed model due to its high predictive ability was utilized to screen similar repertoire of compounds reported in the literature, and the biological activities are estimated. The screening study clearly demonstrated that the strategy presented shall be used as an alternative to the time‐consuming experiments as the model tolerated a variety of structural modifications signifying its potential for drug design studies.
Lateral power MOSFET for megahertz-frequency, high-density DC/DC converters (2006)

DC/DC converters to power future CPU cores mandate low-voltage power metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with ultra low on-resistance and gate charge. Conventional vertical trench MOSFETs cannot meet the challenge. In this paper, we introduce an alternative device solution, the large-area lateral power MOSFET with a unique metal interconnect scheme and a chip-scale package. We have designed and fabricated a family of lateral power MOSFETs including a sub-10 V class power MOSFET with a record-low R/sub DS(ON)/ of 1m/spl Omega/ at a gate voltage of 6V, approximately 50% of the lowest R/sub DS(ON)/ previously reported. The new device has a total gate charge Q/sub g/ of 22nC at 4.5V and a performance figures of merit of less than 30m/spl Omega/-nC, a 3/spl times/ improvement over the state of the art trench MOSFETs. This new MOSFET was used in a 100-W dc/dc converter as the synchronous rectifiers to achieve a 3.5-MHz pulse-width modulation switching frequency, 97%-99% efficiency, and a power density of 970W/in/sup 3/. The new lateral MOSEFT technology offers a viable solution for the next-generation, multimegahertz, high-density dc/dc converters for future CPU cores and many other high-performance power management applications.
The action of insulin on brown adipose tissue <i>in vivo</i> (1972)

1. The action of insulin on the net exchange of glucose, free fatty acids and glycerol by brown adipose tissue of young rabbits was investigated.2. Infusion of insulin (10,000 muu./kg.min I.V. for 10 min) caused a large increase in the uptake of glucose by brown adipose tissue of fed week-old rabbits. The release of fatty acids fell but glycerol release was unchanged.3. The brown adipose tissue of 9-day-old rabbits fasted in a warm environment had a high initial rate of fatty acid and glycerol release and low rates of glucose uptake. Insulin infusions (10,000 and 100 muu./kg.min) greatly reduced fatty acid release but had little or no effect on glucose uptake.4. The brown adipose tissue of 9-day-old rabbits fasted in a cold environment was depleted of fat and took up free fatty acid as well as glucose from the circulation. Infusion of insulin (10,000 muu./kg.min) caused a large increase in glucose uptake accompanied by a reduction in fatty acid uptake.5. The experiments support the view that insulin has a direct effect on fatty acid transport across the cell membrane.
Regeneration of Motor Nerves in Bilobalide-Treated Rats (1993)

Bilobalide, a terpene extracted from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree, has been proposed to exert trophic and protective effects on neurons and on Schwann's cells in various neuropathies. The reinnervation of the extensor digitorum longus muscle following traumatic nerve damage was investigated in rats by using electrophysiological and histological techniques. Evaluation parameters included the membrane resting potential of muscle cells, the spontaneous quantal release of acetylcholine, and the percentage of muscle cells receiving multiple innervation. The percentage of muscle cells receiving multiple innervation reached a peak more rapidly in treated animals and declined subsequently to values lower than those found in controls. These data suggest that the rearrangement of regenerated innervation occurs more rapidly in bilobalide-treated animals.
Continuous path tracing by a cable-suspended, under-actuated robot: The Winch-Bot (2010)

A simple, under-actuated robotic winch, called the “Winch-Bot,” is developed for surface inspection of a large object. The Winch-Bot, placed over an object surface, has only one actuator for tracing a free geometric path in a vertical plane. The cable length is controlled in relation to the direction of the cable so that the inspection end-effecter hanging at the tip of the cable can follow the path dynamically despite the lack of full degrees of freedom. We analyze the tracing dynamics, address under what conditions a given geometric path can be traced (traceability conditions), and prove under what conditions the tracing motion is repetitive. A controller utilizing partial feedback linearization is proposed, and simulations are used to validate the explored traceability criteria and to confirm the controller's performance improvement.