gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An analytical method to evaluate flying capacitor multilevel converters and hybrid switched-capacitor converters for large voltage conversion ratios (2015)

This work investigates the use of multilevel conversion in dc-dc applications that involve a large voltage conversion ratio. A quantitative method that can serve as a guide to compare and design multilevel topologies for large conversion ratio applications is presented. The proposed method keeps the conduction loss and switching loss the same across the different converters and employs the passive component volume as the single performance metric. As examples, flying capacitor multilevel converters (FCMC) and hybrid switched-capacitor (SC) converters are compared to conventional two-level buck converters, and are shown analytically to have significantly reduced passive component size. Three converter prototypes are implemented, based on the presented methodology to experimentally validate the method as well as demonstrate the advantages of multilevel converters.
Synthesis and morphology of polyethylene‐<i>block</i>‐poly(methyl methacrylate) through the combination of metallocene catalysis with living radical polymerization (2003)

Abstract Polyethylene‐ block ‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PE‐ b ‐PMMA) was successfully synthesized through the combination of metallocene catalysis with living radical polymerization. Terminally hydroxylated polyethylene, prepared by ethylene/allyl alcohol copolymerization with a specific zirconium metallocene/methylaluminoxane/triethylaluminum catalyst system, was treated with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide to produce terminally esterified polyethylene (PE‐Br). With the resulting PE‐Br as an initiator for transition‐metal‐mediated living radical polymerization, methyl methacrylate polymerization was subsequently performed with CuBr or RuCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 3 as a catalyst. Then, PE‐ b ‐PMMA block copolymers of different poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) contents were prepared. Transmission electron microscopy of the obtained block copolymers revealed unique morphological features that depended on the content of the PMMA segment. The block copolymer possessing 75 wt % PMMA contained 50–100‐nm spherical polyethylene lamellae uniformly dispersed in the PMMA matrix. Moreover, the PE‐ b ‐PMMA block copolymers effectively compatibilized homopolyethylene and homo‐PMMA at a nanometer level. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3965–3973, 2003
Semisynthetic .BETA.-lactam antibiotics. II Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7.BETA.-(2-(acylamino)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido)cephalosporins. (1986)

Cephalosporin derivatives (I) substituted with a neutral, acidic or basic amino acid group as the terminal group attached to the 2-amino-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido side chain at the C-7 position were synthesized, and the effect of each group on antibacterial activity was examined. The derivatives bearing an amidino or guanidino group showed broad spectra of antibacterial activity similar to those of cefotaxime, but they were relatively sensitive to beta-lactamases.
Vulnerability Analysis of Networked Systems (2002)

As networks of hosts continue to grow unboundedly, evaluating their vulnerability to attack becomes increasingly more important to automate. Interconnections between hosts give rise to new global vulnerabilities, those due to unforeseen interactions between local vulnerabilities on individual hosts. An integral part of modeling the global view of network security is constructing attack graphs. In practice, attack graphs are produced manually by Red Teams. Construction by hand, however, is tedious, error-prone, and impractical for attack graphs larger than a hundred nodes. In this talk, based on joint work with Somesh Jha and Oleg Sheyner, I present an automated technique for generating and analyzing attack graphs. We base our technique on symbolic model checking algorithms, letting us construct attack graphs automatically and efficiently. By annotating our graphs with probabilities, we can further use value iteration algorithms from Markov Decision Process theory, letting us perform worst-case reliability analysis. System administrators can use our attack graphs to decide which attacks would be most cost-effective to guard against. We implemented our technique in a tool suite. In this talk I illustrate it on a small, but realistic example that includes models of a firewall and an intrusion detection system. Proceedings of the Eleventh IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE’02) 1080-1383/02 $17.00 © 2002 IEEE
Crystallinity in Cross-Linked Porous Polymers from High Internal Phase Emulsions (2007)

PolyHIPE are cross-linked, highly interconnected porous polymers with unique multiscale, open-pore structures that are based on high internal phase emulsions (HIPE). This work is the first to describe crystallinity in polyHIPE. This novel crystallinity was achieved by using monomers with n-alkyl side chains (acrylates and methacrylates). Such crystallinity in polyHIPE could potentially be used to produce porous shape-memory polymers. The higher the molecular mobility and the higher the molecular order (homopolymer vs copolymer, non-cross-linked vs cross-linked, acrylate vs methacrylate, long side chains vs short side chains), the higher the melting point (Tm) and the higher the crystallinity. Only the polyHIPE based on an acrylate with a relatively long (C18) side chain exhibited a significant proportion of its melting peak above room temperature and exhibited a significant heat of melting.
Nano-resolution sensors for disaster warning systems (2012)

New high-resolution sensing technology has been developed for oceanic, seismic, and atmospheric measurements. Depth sensors, accelerometers, and barometers employing forcesensitive resonant quartz crystals have demonstrated their effectiveness in measuring tsunamis, earthquakes, and infrasound signals with a sensitivity of parts-per-billion. The nano-resolution depth sensors offer an improved ability to separate earthquake vibrations and other oceanic noise from tsunami waveforms. Seismic signals can be measured with new strong motion sensors to a few nano-g's. Atmospheric infrasound signals can be measured to a small fraction of a milli-Pascal. Geophysical measurements can now be made with unprecedented clarity from beneath the seafloor, to the ocean bottom, through the water column, and through the atmosphere in a single coherent array. Nano-resolution sensors will improve the identification and prediction of the magnitude, location and path of natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis and severe weather with increased warning times. Examples are given of Sea-Air-Land Tomography and seismic, oceanic, and infrasound measurements of the March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster.
Stereospecific binding of chemically modified salen-type Schiff base complexes of copper(II) with DNA [salen = bis(salicyclidene)ethylenediamine] (1994)

DNA-fibre ESR measurements reveal that the orientation of water-soluble cationic salen-type Schiff base complexes of copper(II) on DNA changes by modification of the bridging group between two imino nitrogens in the complex; the 1,2-phenylenediamine and 2,3-naphthalenediamine bridges enable the complex to intercalate to DNA, while the ethylenediamine bridge induces groove binding.
Sensing Fine-Grained Hand Activity with Smartwatches (2019)

Capturing fine-grained hand activity could make computational experiences more powerful and contextually aware. Indeed, philosopher Immanuel Kant argued, "the hand is the visible part of the brain." However, most prior work has focused on detecting whole-body activities, such as walking, running and bicycling. In this work, we explore the feasibility of sensing hand activities from commodity smartwatches, which are the most practical vehicle for achieving this vision. Our investigations started with a 50 participant, in-the-wild study, which captured hand activity labels over nearly 1000 worn hours. We then studied this data to scope our research goals and inform our technical approach. We conclude with a second, in-lab study that evaluates our classification stack, demonstrating 95.2% accuracy across 25 hand activities. Our work highlights an underutilized, yet highly complementary contextual channel that could unlock a wide range of promising applications.
[Correlation between motor terminal latency time of the median nerve and the result of conservative treatment (cortisone injection) in carpal tunnel syndrome]. (1989)

45 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome could be followed after an initial conservative treatment (local injection with Depomedrol 40 mg) either up to a surgical intervention (15 patients) or up to 14 to 48 months after the first injection (mean 23 months). Pregnant patients were excluded, as well as the patients with a distal motor latency (DML) greater than or equal to 7 msec (immediate surgical intervention). The age and sex distribution corresponds with the data reported in the literature: 7 males (15%) versus 38 females (85%), including 7 between 20 and 39 years (16%), 24 between 40 en 59 years (53%) and 14 between 60 and 80 years (31%). The side of the complaints also corresponds with the literature data: bilateral 16 (36%), right hand 23 (51%), left hand 6 (13%). In the 16 patients with a DML greater than 5,5 msec (normal value up to 4.3 msec) a rapid recurrence of the complaints after the injections necessitated a surgical intervention in 12 cases. In the 29 patients with a DML less than or equal to 5.5 msec who had been operated, the improvement of the complaints after the first injection lasted 2 months at most in 8 cases, as opposed to an average of 12.5 months (0 to 48 months) for the population as a whole.
CTP (2013)

We describe CTP, a collection routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. CTP uses three techniques to provide efficient, robust, and reliable routing in highly dynamic network conditions. CTP's link estimator accurately estimates link qualities by using feedback from both the data and control planes, using information from multiple layers through narrow, platform-independent interfaces. Second, CTP uses the Trickle algorithm to time the control traffic, sending few beacons in stable topologies yet quickly adapting to changes. Finally, CTP actively probes the topology with data traffic, quickly discovering and fixing routing failures. Through experiments on 13 different testbeds, encompassing seven platforms, six link layers, and multiple densities and frequencies, and detailed observations of a long-running sensor network application that uses CTP, we study how these three techniques contribute to CTP's overall performance.
Production of Polygalacturonase by Recombinant Aspergillus oryzae in Solid-State Fermentation Using Potato Pulp (2010)

The aim of this study was to produce valuable products from potato pulp, which is a byproduct of potato starch production and contains a high concentration of starch. We used the pulp as a substrate for polygalacturonase (PG) production in solid-state fermentation by a recombinant Aspergillus oryzae strain, PGB3. To generate PGB3, we constructed the PG gene (pgaB) overexpression vector pGBmR, and used that vector to transform the A. oryzae strain, RIB40. PGB3 carries a PG gene under control of the Taka-amylase gene promoter. When cultured in potato pulp solid medium, PGB3 grew more rapidly and produced 4.5 times more PG than RIB40. We observed maximum production (173 U/g) of PG after 2 days of culture of PGB3 in potato pulp solid medium. This high-level PG production from potato pulp demonstrates its potential as a useful substrate in fermentation.
A Location Selection Policy of Live Virtual Machine Migration for Power Saving and Load Balancing (2013)

Green cloud data center has become a research hotspot of virtualized cloud computing architecture. And load balancing has also been one of the most important goals in cloud data centers. Since live virtual machine (VM) migration technology is widely used and studied in cloud computing, we have focused on location selection (migration policy) of live VM migration for power saving and load balancing. We propose a novel approach MOGA-LS, which is a heuristic and self-adaptive multiobjective optimization algorithm based on the improved genetic algorithm (GA). This paper has presented the specific design and implementation of MOGA-LS such as the design of the genetic operators, fitness values, and elitism. We have introduced the Pareto dominance theory and the simulated annealing (SA) idea into MOGA-LS and have presented the specific process to get the final solution, and thus, the whole approach achieves a long-term efficient optimization for power saving and load balancing. The experimental results demonstrate that MOGA-LS evidently reduces the total incremental power consumption and better protects the performance of VM migration and achieves the balancing of system load compared with the existing research. It makes the result of live VM migration more high-effective and meaningful.
Real-Time Hybrid Multi-Sensor Fusion Framework for Perception in Autonomous Vehicles (2019)

There are many sensor fusion frameworks proposed in the literature using different sensors and fusion methods combinations and configurations. More focus has been on improving the accuracy performance; however, the implementation feasibility of these frameworks in an autonomous vehicle is less explored. Some fusion architectures can perform very well in lab conditions using powerful computational resources; however, in real-world applications, they cannot be implemented in an embedded edge computer due to their high cost and computational need. We propose a new hybrid multi-sensor fusion pipeline configuration that performs environment perception for autonomous vehicles such as road segmentation, obstacle detection, and tracking. This fusion framework uses a proposed encoder-decoder based Fully Convolutional Neural Network (FCNx) and a traditional Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) nonlinear state estimator method. It also uses a configuration of camera, LiDAR, and radar sensors that are best suited for each fusion method. The goal of this hybrid framework is to provide a cost-effective, lightweight, modular, and robust (in case of a sensor failure) fusion system solution. It uses FCNx algorithm that improve road detection accuracy compared to benchmark models while maintaining real-time efficiency that can be used in an autonomous vehicle embedded computer. Tested on over 3K road scenes, our fusion algorithm shows better performance in various environment scenarios compared to baseline benchmark networks. Moreover, the algorithm is implemented in a vehicle and tested using actual sensor data collected from a vehicle, performing real-time environment perception.
The impact of routing and storage policies on warehouse efficiency (1999)

Order picking, the activity by which a number of goods are retrieved from a warehousing system to satisfy a number of customer orders, is an essential link in the supply chain and is the major cost component of warehousing. The critical issue is to simultaneously reduce the cost and increase the speed of the order picking activity. The main objectives of this paper are: evaluate various routing heuristics and an optimal routine in a volume‐based and random storage environment; compare the performance of volume‐based storage to random storage; and examine the impact of travel speed and picking rates on routing and storage policy performance. The experimental results show the solution gap between routing heuristics and optimal routing is highly dependent on the travel speed and picking rate, the storage policy, and the size of the pick list. In addition, volume‐based storage produced significant savings over random storage, but again these savings are dependent on the travel speed and picking rate.
Macromol. Biosci. 12/2008 (2008)

Cover: The cover shows multi‐HYDFIT (Global) analysis for methylcellulose (bottom right). The methylcellulose conformation is best described by the minimum (L p = 14 nm and M L = 340 g mol −1 nm −1 ) of the target function (Δ). This is consistent with Zone C (semi‐flexible coil) in the conformation zoning plot (top left). Further details can be found in the article by Trushar R. Patel, Gordon A. Morris, Jose Garcia de la Torre, Alvaro Ortega, Petra Mischnick, Stephen E. Harding* on page 1108.
Enterococcal surface protein contributes to persistence in the host but is not a target of opsonic and protective antibodies in Enterococcus faecium infection (2010)

Enterococci are important nosocomial pathogens with multiple intrinsic and acquired resistances to antibiotics. In the past, the majority of infections were caused by Enterococcus faecalis; however, an increase in Enterococcus faecium clinical isolates has been observed in recent years. The enterococcal surface protein (Esp) is expressed on the surface of most E. faecium clinical isolates and has been shown to be involved in biofilm formation. Here, E. faecium E1162 and its previously created insertion-deletion mutant of the esp gene, E. faecium E1162Deltaesp, were compared in a mouse bacteraemia model. Anti-Esp serum was tested for its capacity to mediate opsonophagocytic killing of E1162 in vitro and to protect against E. faecium bacteraemia. The inactivation of esp attenuated E. faecium virulence with reduced numbers of bacteria recovered from the kidneys in animals infected with the mutant compared to the wild-type strain (P=0.035). Passive immunization with rabbit polyclonal serum raised against the recombinant N-terminal Esp protein did not protect mice against E. faecium bacteraemia (P>0.05). In contrast, mice passively immunized with polyclonal antiserum raised against lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from E. faecalis had lower numbers of E. faecium E1162 in the blood compared to mice immunized with normal rabbit serum. These results suggest that Esp contributes to E. faecium persistence in the host. However, in contrast to LTA, Esp does not seem to be a target for protective antibodies in E. faecium strain E1162 in mouse bacteraemia.
Interaction of Mass Transport and Reaction Kinetics during Electrocatalytic CO Oxidation in a Thin-Layer Flow Cell (2010)

The interplay between electrocatalytic CO oxidation kinetics and mass transport in a thin-layer flow cell with a polycrystalline platinum electrode was experimentally studied and numerically simulated. The experiments were performed in a flow cell under controlled electrolyte flow. The computations are based on four different models for mass transport, coupled with a three-step reaction mechanism for CO oxidation that includes surface coverage effects. A zero-dimensional model neglecting mass transport effects on the overall reaction rate is applied to verify the effect of the kinetic parameters on the Faradaic current qualitatively. Transport models of increasing complexity, one-, two-, and three-dimensional, are used to analyze the impact of diffusion and convection on the total reaction rate in the flow cell. The numerical simulation, based on a time-resolved three-dimensional transport model coupled with the electrocatalytic kinetics, resolves profiles of temporal and spatial concentrations, velocities, and surface coverages. Mass transfer limitations of the electrocatalytic reaction rate are primarily caused by CO diffusion normal to the electrode. Both the two- and the three-dimensional models can quantitatively predict the Faradaic current as a function of potential measured in the experimental setup.
[Particle radiotherapy for malignant gliomas]. (2009)

Particle radiations using protons or carbons, and boron neutron capture therapy are emerging as a therapeutic modality for malignant gliomas. Some non-randomized prospective studies found favorable results; however, the advantageous method of advantage of conformal radiation using protons or carbon ions and tumor cell-selective radiation using boron neutron capture therapy have not been confirmed. In a recent clinical trial involving 20 newly diagnosed glioblastomas at the Proton Medical Research Center at Tsukuba, the median overall survival time and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 21.6 months, 71.1% and 45.3%, respectively. In the clinical trial of boron neutron capture therapy of 15 newly diagnosed glioblastomas at Tsukuba, the median overall survival time and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 25.7 month, 80.0% and 53.3%, respectively. The rationale, history, and clinical results of particle radiotherapy for glioblastoma were also discussed.
Method for Determination of the Internal Short Resistance and Heat Evolution at Different Mechanical Loads of a Lithium Ion Battery Cell Based on Dummy Pouch Cells (2016)

Within the scope of developing a multi-physical model describing battery behavior during and after the mechanical load (accelerations, intrusions) of a vehicle’s high voltage battery, an internal short circuit model is of deep interest for a virtual hazard assessment. The internal short resistance and the size of the affected area must be known as a minimum for determining the released heat and, in consequence, the temperatures. The internal short resistance of purpose-built dummy pouch cells, filled with electrolyte-like solvent without conductive salt, has thus been measured in a given short area under various compressive loads. The resistances for different short scenarios obtained are analyzed and described in a mathematical form. Short circuit experiments with dummy cells using an external power source have also been carried out. This set-up allows the measurement of the temperature evolution at a known current and a determination of the actual short resistance. The post-mortem analysis of the samples shows a correlation between the maximum temperatures, released short heat and the separator melt diameter.
Orientation ratio of sputtered thin-film disks (1990)

Thin films of CoPtCr, with 15-nm underlayers of Cr, were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering on NiP-plated aluminum substrates that were textured (anisotropic roughness) or chemically etched (isotropic roughness). The relationships between the structure and the in-plane magnetic properties were investigated. Under specific sputtering conditions, the Cr underlayer and the magnetic layer developed 〈100〉 and 〈11.0〉 crystallographic preferred orientations, respectively. The combination of 〈11.0〉 crystallographic preferred orientation and substrate texture resulted in an in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, i.e., higher squareness and coercivity parallel to the texture lines. The films with the random crystallographic orientation exhibited the in-plane magnetic isotropy on both the textured and the chemically etched Al/NiP substrates. The sputtering parameters and the substrate conditions that can lead to the development of in-plane magnetic anisotropy were specified.
Brillouin precursors propagation through sea water at GHz frequency (2012)

Precursor fields in lossy Debye media have been shown to have a sub-exponential attenuation rate, thus they are good candidates for underwater communications. In this paper, we investigate the propagation of Brillouin precursors through sea water with static conductivity using the dielectric models proposed by Meissner and Wentz. A fast-Fourier-transform method is used to analyze the peak amplitude decay and pulse broadening related to the precursor. The sea water salinity considered is between 25 and 50 ppt. The performance is evaluated at frequencies between 1GHz and 32GHz, as they have been allocated for short distance underwater communications.