gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A High Throughput List Decoder Architecture for Polar Codes (2015)

While long polar codes can achieve the capacity of arbitrary binary-input discrete memoryless channels when decoded by a low complexity successive-cancellation (SC) algorithm, the error performance of the SC algorithm is inferior for polar codes with finite block lengths. The cyclic redundancy check (CRC)-aided SC list (SCL) decoding algorithm has better error performance than the SC algorithm. However, current CRC-aided SCL decoders still suffer from long decoding latency and limited throughput. In this paper, a reduced latency list decoding (RLLD) algorithm for polar codes is proposed. Our RLLD algorithm performs the list decoding on a binary tree, whose leaves correspond to the bits of a polar code. In existing SCL decoding algorithms, all the nodes in the tree are traversed, and all possibilities of the information bits are considered. Instead, our RLLD algorithm visits much fewer nodes in the tree and considers fewer possibilities of the information bits. When configured properly, our RLLD algorithm significantly reduces the decoding latency and, hence, improves throughput, while introducing little performance degradation. Based on our RLLD algorithm, we also propose a high throughput list decoder architecture, which is suitable for larger block lengths due to its scalable partial sum computation unit. Our decoder architecture has been implemented for different block lengths and list sizes using the TSMC 90-nm CMOS technology. The implementation results demonstrate that our decoders achieve significant latency reduction and area efficiency improvement compared with the other list polar decoders in the literature.
Simplified soft-output demapper for binary interleaved COFDM with application to HIPERLAN/2 (2003)

A comparison in the performance between hard- and soft-decision Viterbi decoding, with application to the HIPERLAN/2 standard, is presented. The results show that when channel state information (CSI) is included in the generation of the soft-decision information, the soft-decision method greatly outperforms the hard method. Moreover, a simplified algorithm for the soft-output demapper for the 16-QAM and 64-QAM constellations is developed, which allows the complexity of the demapper to be maintained at almost the same level for all the possible modes of HIPERLAN/2.
7-Ketocholesterol–Induced Inflammation: Involvement of Multiple Kinase Signaling Pathways via NFκB but Independently of Reactive Oxygen Species Formation (2010)

7KCh induces cytokines via three kinase signaling pathways, AKT-PKCζ-NFκB, p38 MAPK, and ERK. The MAPK/ERK pathways seem to preferentially enhance cytokine induction downstream from NFκB activation. The results of this study suggest that 7KCh activates these pathways through interactions in the plasma membrane, but the mechanism(s) remains unknown.
A new approach for the preparation of a hydride-modified substrate used as an intermediate in the synthesis of surface-bonded materials (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new approach for the preparation of a hydride-modified substrate used as an intermediate in the synthesis of surface-bonded materialsChao Hau. Chu, Elisabet. Jonsson, Mirva. Auvinen, Joseph J. Pesek, and Junior E. SandovalCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 6, 808–816Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00054a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00054a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views640Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calibrating a Robot Camera (1994)

This paper addresses the problem of calibrating a camera mounted on a robot arm. The objective is to estimate the camera's intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. These include the relative position and orientation of camera with respect to robot base as well as the relative position and orientation of the camera with respect to a pre-defined world frame. A calibration object with a known 3D shape is used together with two known movements of the robot. A method is presented to find calibration parameters within an optimisation framework. This method differs from existing methods in that 1) it fully exploits information from different displacements of the camera to produce an optimal calibration estimate, and 2) it uses an evolutionary algorithm to attain the optimal solution. Experimental results on both synthetic and real data are presented.
Vapour growth of II‐VI single crystals doped by transition metals for mid‐infrared lasers (2006)

Abstract A modified vapour phase contact‐free method to grow homogeneous single crystals of II‐VI compounds doped by transition metals is presented. Single crystals of ZnSe:Cr, ZnSe:Fe, ZnSe:Co, ZnSe:Ni, CdSe:Cr, ZnTe:Cr, ZnS:Fe and ZnS:Mn with doping level up to 10 19 cm –3 have been grown. Efficient lasing at about 2.5 and 4 µm with ZnSe:Cr and ZnSe:Fe crystals respectively has been achieved. Dependence of Fe 2+ :ZnSe laser characteristics on temperature is presented in more detail. A possibility of using Cr 2+ :ZnSe laser in intracavity laser spectroscopy is demonstrated. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A general framework for generating multivariate explanations in Bayesian networks (2008)

Many existing explanation methods in Bayesian networks, such as Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) assignment and Most Probable Explanation (MPE), generate complete assignments for target variables. A priori, the set of target variables is often large, but only a few of them may be most relevant in explaining given evidence. Generating explanations with all the target variables is hence not always desirable. This paper addresses the problem by proposing a new framework called Most Relevant Explanation (MRE), which aims to automatically identify the most relevant target variables. We will also discuss in detail a specific instance of the framework that uses generalized Bayes factor as the relevance measure. Finally we will propose an approximate algorithm based on Reversible Jump MCMC and simulated annealing to solve MRE. Empirical results show that the new approach typically finds much more concise explanations than existing methods.
A 200 MHz surface acoustic wave resonator mass microbalance (1991)

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) piezoelectric sensors typically used by researchers in analytical applications are based on SAW delay lines. We report here the development of a 200 MHz SAW instrument based on a SAW resonator instead of a conventional delay line. The instrument is small, compact and uses two separate 200 MHz resonator crystals which operate in the dual difference mode. The difference frequency stability is better than 55× 10−9 (±1 Hz) which is comparable to a 10 MHz bulk crystal (on an absolute frequency basis) and at least an order of magnitude better than other commercially available SAW delay lines that operate at comparable frequencies. The mass sensitivity is about 9 × 1010 Hz cm2/g. Response to temperature change is found to be about 20 Hz/°C from −30 °C to 30 °C. Response to pressure is found to be linear from 760 to 415 Torr at 3 Hz/Torr. Detection limits for HCl vapors were determined to be in the low ppb range using a SAW resonator coated with triethanolamine.
A versatile micropower high-voltage flat-panel display driver in a 100-V 0.7-μm CMOS intelligent interface technology (2001)

A versatile architecture for monolithic low-power high-voltage flat-panel display drivers is presented. A prototype of such a driver chip was designed and fabricated in the 100-V 0.7-/spl mu/m CMOS intelligent interface technology (I/sup 2/T) of Alcatel MicroElectronics. It features 100-V output driving capability, while the operation of the entire driver chip is controlled by means of 3- to 5-V digital signals. Special high-voltage level-shifter circuits, based on the dynamic charge control concept, were developed to reduce the internal power consumption of the driver chip to extremely low values of 1 to 2 /spl mu/W per driver output. A powerful on-chip control unit supports numerous display addressing schemes and very complex multilevel output waveforms can be synthesized. These attractive electrical characteristics, together with the pronounced flexibility and multifunctionality, make this driver architecture ideally suited for a variety of flat-panel displays, especially in battery-powered applications.
Phosphorus Reclamation through Hydrothermal Carbonization of Animal Manures (2014)

Projected shortages of global phosphate have prompted investigation of methods that could be employed to capture and recycle phosphate, rather than continue to allow the resource to be essentially irreversibly lost through dilution in surface waters. Hydrothermal carbonization of animal manures from large farms was investigated as a scenario for the reclamation of phosphate for agricultural use and mitigation of the negative environmental impact of phosphate pollution. Hydrothermal reaction conditions were identified for poultry, swine, and cattle manures that resulted in hydrochar yields of 50-60% for all three manures, and >90% of the total phosphorus present in these systems was contained in the hydrochars as precipitated phosphate salts. Phosphate recovery was achieved in yields of 80-90% by subsequent acid treatment of the hydrochars, addition of base to acid extracts to achieve a pH of 9, and filtration of principally calcium phosphate. Phosphate recovery was achieved in yields of 81-87% based on starting manures by subsequent acid treatment of the hydrochars, addition of base to acid extracts to achieve a pH of 9, and filtration of principally calcium phosphate. Swine and cattle manures produced hydrochars with combustion energy contents comparable to those of high-end sub-bituminous coals.
Deficient Humoral Responses Underlie Susceptibility to<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>in CD4-Deficient Mice (2002)

Resistance to infection with Toxoplasma gondii was studied in mice lacking CD4 expression. Such mice developed more brain cysts and survived for a shorter time than did wild-type controls after peroral infection with ME49 cysts. After immunization with the ts-4 strain of T. gondii, CD4-deficient mice exhibited impaired resistance to a challenge infection with virulent RH tachyzoites. Thus, deficient CD4 expression increases the susceptibility of mice to a primary peroral T. gondii infection with cysts and impairs their ability to be successfully vaccinated. CD8(+) T cells from blood or spleens of Toxoplasma-infected, CD4-deficient mice expressed markers of activation at frequencies similar to those of infected wild-type mice. Production of IFN-gamma in vitro was moderately depressed, and levels of Toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin G2a in serum were substantially lower than in wild-type mice. Administration of Toxoplasma-immune serum to ts-4-vaccinated CD4-deficient mice significantly improved their resistance to RH challenge. Also, the survival of CD4-deficient mice chronically infected with ME49 was significantly prolonged by administration of immune serum. These results demonstrate that in addition to CD8(+) T cells and IFN-gamma, which are known to be critical for resistance, CD4(+) cells also contribute significantly to protection against chronic T. gondii infections and against challenge infections with highly virulent tachyzoites in immunized mice via their role as helper cells for production of isotype-switched antibodies.
Analysis of Rigid Polyurethane Foams by Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (1990)

The method of near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is used to determine the compression and thermal properties of rigid polyurethane foams. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the spectra of the foams indicates that NIR spectroscopy can be used to discriminate between foams that were prepared from different polymeric formulations. Partial Least-Squares (PLS) calibrations of NIR spectra to the compression modulus, compression strength, deformation at failure, and K-factor (thermal conductivity) were also done. Results indicate that NIR spectroscopy can determine the compression modulus within 63.6 psi, compression strength within 2.63 psi, deformation at failure within 1.29%, and K-factor within 0.0089 Btu-in./°F-h-ft 2 .
Stereoblock Poly(lactic acid): Synthesis via Solid‐State Polycondensation of a Stereocomplexed Mixture of Poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactic acid) and Poly(<scp>D</scp>‐lactic acid) (2005)

Stereoblock poly(lactic acid) consisting of D- and L-lactate stereosequences can be successfully synthesized by solid-state polycondensation of a 1:1 mixture of poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(D-lactic acid). In the first step, melt-polycondensation of L- and D-lactic acids is conducted to synthesize poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(D-lactic acid) with a medium-molecular-weight, respectively. In the next step, these poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(D-lactic acid) are melt-blended in 1:1 ratio to allow formation of their stereocomplex. In the last step, this melt-blend is subjected to solid-state polycondensation at temperature where the dehydrative condensation is allowed to promote chain extension in the amorphous phase with the stereocomplex crystals preserved. Finally, stereoblock poly(lactic acid) having high-molecular-weight is obtained. The stereoblock poly(lactic acid) synthesized by this way shows a higher melting temperature in consequence of the controlled block lengths and the resulting higher-molecular-weight. The product characterization as well as the optimization of the polymerization conditions is described. Changes in M(w) of stereoblock poly(lactic acid) (sb-PLA) as a function of the reaction time.
The acquisition and severity of driving-related fears : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University (1996)

Rachman's theory of fear acquisition proposed that directly-conditioned fears would differ from indirectly-conditioned fears in magnitude and anxiety response patterns, however this theory has received inconsistent empirical support. The aim of the present study was to examine pathways of fear acquisition for a general community sample who reported driving-related fears. One hundred and ninety subjects completed a questionnaire which comprised three anxiety scales, a comprehensive set of fear onset items, a driving situations scale, and two scales related to experiences of and reactions to motor vehicle accidents, all used in prior research. Additional questionnaire items addressed self-reported driving-related fears, helpseeking behaviour, treatment needs of respondents not already in therapy, and driving history. Subjects completed the questionnaire for their most-feared driving-related situation. Results failed to support Rachman's predictions. However, results supported the prediction that respondents who had been involved in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) would be more likely to ascribe to the direct pathway than those who had not been involved in a motor vehicle accident. Post-hoc analyses comparing respondents who had and had not been involved in MVAs were conducted as a means of expanding the ability of the study to test the hypotheses. These analyses also failed to support the predictions derived from Rachman's theory. The theoretical and methodological implications of the findings are discussed, as are the implications of the results for professional psychological helpseeking following motor vehicle accidents and assessment of those with driving-related fears.
Calcium modulation of adrenocorticotropin levels in women--a clinical research center study. (1996)

In vitro calcium modulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion has been well described. In addition, several investigations performed in human subjects have documented modulation of the circulating levels of pituitary hormones by supraphysiological calcium concentrations. Recent data from our laboratory document the existence of an extracellular calcium-sensing receptor that is thought to mediate the effects of variations in extracellular calcium on the secretion of PTH and calcitonin. We have also demonstrated the presence of this receptor in pituitary-derived, ACTH-secreting AtT-20 cells as well as in the anterior pituitary of rats and mice. In the present study we investigated the effect on anterior pituitary hormone levels of variations in serum calcium within the physiological range. We serially measured serum levels of ionized calcium (Cai), ACTH, cortisol, TSH, and PRL during 90-min iv infusions (on separate days) of calcium, citrate, and dextrose in 10 healthy women with a mean age of 55 +/- 5 yr. During the calcium infusion, the serum Cai level increased significantly from 4.32 +/- 0.10 mg/dL at baseline to 4.86 +/- 0.08 mg/dL at completion (P = 0.002), and this change was accompanied by a significant increment in the serum ACTH level from 9.87 +/- 1.32 to 16.31 +/- 2.84 pg/mL (P = 0.0008). There was no change in the serum ACTH level during the citrate infusion despite significant decrements in serum Cai, nor were there changes in either Cai or ACTH during the dextrose infusion. Finally, changes in Cai did not alter TSH or PRL levels. In summary, our dynamic studies are the first to demonstrate an increase in baseline serum ACTH levels in response to physiological increments in Cai (i.e. increments within the normal range). This effect was specific for increments and not decrements in serum Cai and was selective for ACTH, as TSH and PRL levels did not change with any of the infusions.
Pair-wise Registration of 3D/Color Data Sets with ICP (2006)

The ICP (iterative closest point) algorithm remains a very popular method for the registration of 3D data sets, when an initial guess of the relative pose between them is known. The purpose of the work presented in this paper is to improve performance of classical ICP. We address, here, the problem of pair-wise registration of color range images. Many variants of ICP have been proposed for the registration of 3D data sets. However, there are only a few solutions dealing with color range images. In this paper, we have adapted some variants of ICP to take into account color information in the closest point research. Two approaches of color data integration have been evaluated with real 3D/color data sets
Large-range large-aperture MEMS micromirrors for biomedical imaging applications (2008)

Micromirrors with large scan ranges, large aperture sizes, fast speeds, low voltages and low cost are needed for optical switching, displays and biomedical imaging, but it is very challenging to simultaneously meet all the requirements. This paper introduces electrothermal bimorph based micromirrors that can overcome the challenge. For example, a large-vertical-displacement (LVD) micromirror scans 0.7 mm vertically at less than 25 Vdc. A lateral-shift-free (LSF) LVD generates a piston motion of 0.6 mm and scans more than 30° about two axes at less than 8 Vdc. An inverted-series-connected (ISC) micromirror scans ±30° about two axes with no rotation axis shifts. All these mirrors have an optical aperture of 1 mm. Their resonant frequencies range from 300 Hz to 2 kHz. Some of these micromirrors have been applied in biomedical imaging applications.
67‐2: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Ambient Processing of Quantum Dot Photoresist for Emissive Displays (2017)

Moving the light conversion by quantum dots (QDs) from the backlight to the front of the LCD has the potential to further improve both the overall efficiency and color gamut of the display. In order to accomplish this change of architecture, the QDs have to be patterned at the sub‐pixel pitch of the display. This requires the QDs to be integrated into a photoresist at high concentration in order to produce pixels of the required size and optical density. Here we report on our fabrication and characterization of red and green QD photoresist, as well as how we model its performance in displays.
Chiral Sulfoxides as Metabolites of 2-Thioimidazole-Based p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors: Enantioselective Synthesis and Biological Evaluation (2011)

A number of pharmaceutically important drugs contain asymmetric sulfinyl moieties, so the biological evaluation of chiral sulfoxides as human drug metabolites is important for the development of safe and effective pharmaceuticals. Asymmetric oxidation is one of the most attractive ways to prepare chiral sulfoxides. In combination with different chiral ligands, the iron- and titanium-catalyzed asymmetric oxidations of tri- and tetrasubstituted 2-thioimidazoles afford the corresponding sulfoxides with enantiomeric excesses up to 99% as novel p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α MAPK) inhibitors. The enantiomerically pure sulfoxides were evaluated on their inhibitory potency against p38α MAPK compared to the respective sulfides and sulfoxide racemates and showed differences in their affinities for the enzyme with IC(50) in the low nanomolar range. In addition, the ability to inhibit the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human whole blood (HWB) was examined. Some pyridinylimidazole derivatives showed excellent HWB activity with IC(50) as low as 52 nM.
Dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and executive function in individuals at risk for suicide (2010)

Blunted stress response may be a trait of suicide risk, and impairment of stress-induced executive function may contribute to suicide vulnerability.