gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Verification of Tempura specification of sequential circuits (1997)

Verifying a sequential circuit consists in proving that the given implementation of the circuit satisfies its specification. In the present work the input-output specification of the circuit, which is required to hold for the given implementation, is assumed to be available in the form of a Tempura program segment B. It captures the desired ongoing behavior of the circuit in terms of input-output relationships that are expected to hold at various time instants of the interval in question. The implementation is given as a formula W/sub S/ of a first-order temporal equality theory, /spl Fscr/. Goal formulas of the form P /spl sup/ B have been introduced to capture the correctness property of the circuit in question. P is a formula of the equality theory /spl epsiv/ contained in /spl Fscr/ and encodes the initial state(s) of the circuit. A goal reduction paradigm has been used to formulate the proof calculus capturing the state transitions produced along the intervals. Formulas, called verification conditions (VC's), whose validity ensures the correctness of the circuit, are produced corresponding to the output equality statements in B. For finite state machines, VC's are formulas of propositional calculus and, therefore, require no temporal reasoning for their proofs. In fact, since binary decision diagram (BDD) representations are used throughout, their proofs become quite simple. The goal reduction rules proposed for iterative constructs also incorporate synthesis of invariant assertions over the states of the circuit. The proof of a nontrivial example has been presented. The paper concludes with a discussion on a broad overview of the building blocks of the verifier.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Induces TLR3 Protein and Protein Kinase R, Leading to Increased Double-Stranded RNA Responsiveness in Airway Epithelial Cells (2006)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) preferentially infects airway epithelial cells, causing bronchiolitis, upper respiratory infections, asthma exacerbations, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, and pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. A replication intermediate of RSV is dsRNA. This is an important ligand for both the innate immune receptor, TLR3, and protein kinase R (PKR). One known effect of RSV infection is the increased responsiveness of airway epithelial cells to subsequent bacterial ligands (i.e., LPS). In this study, we examined a possible role for RSV infection in increasing amounts and responsiveness of another TLR, TLR3. These studies demonstrate that RSV infection of A549 and human tracheobronchial epithelial cells increases the amounts of TLR3 and PKR in a time-dependent manner. This leads to increased NF-kappaB activity and production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 following a later exposure to dsRNA. Importantly, TLR3 was not detected on the cell surface at baseline but was detected on the cell surface after RSV infection. The data demonstrate that RSV, via an effect on TLR3 and PKR, sensitizes airway epithelial cells to subsequent dsRNA exposure. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that RSV infection sensitizes the airway epithelium to subsequent viral and bacterial exposures by up-regulating TLRs and increasing their membrane localization.
Microsoft SQL Server 2008 MDX Step by Step (2009)

Teach yourself the Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) query language-one step at a time. With this practical, learn-by-doing tutorial, you'll build the core techniques for using MDX with Analysis Services to deliver high-performance business intelligence solutions. Discover how to: Construct and execute MDX queriesWork with tuples, sets, and expressionsBuild complex sets to retrieve the exact data users needPerform aggregation functions and navigate data hierarchiesAssemble time-based business metricsCustomize an Analysis Services cube through the MDX scriptImplement dynamic security to cont
Design of substrate-based BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors using the cyclotide scaffold (2015)

The constitutively active tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL is the underlying cause of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Current CML treatments rely on the long-term use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which target the ATP binding site of BCR-ABL. Over the course of treatment, 20-30% of CML patients develop TKI resistance, which is commonly attributed to point mutations in the drug-binding region. We design a new class of peptide inhibitors that target the substrate-binding site of BCR-ABL by grafting sequences derived from abltide, the optimal substrate of Abl kinase, onto a cell-penetrating cyclotide MCoTI-II. Three grafted cyclotides show significant Abl kinase inhibition in vitro in the low micromolar range using a novel kinase inhibition assay. Our work also demonstrates that a reengineered MCoTI-II with abltide sequences grafted in both loop 1 and 6 inhibits the activity of [T315I]Abl in vitro, a mutant Abl kinase harboring the "gatekeeper" mutation which is notorious for being multidrug resistant. Results from serum stability and cell internalization studies confirm that the MCoTI-II scaffold provides enzymatic stability and cell-penetrating properties to the lead molecules. Taken together, our study highlights that reengineered cyclotides incorporating abltide-derived sequences are promising substrate-competitive inhibitors for Abl kinase and the T315I mutant.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediates Innate Immune Responses to <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Infection in Mouse Lung (2002)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been implicated in the regulation of host responses to microbial Ags. This study characterizes the role of TLR4 in the innate immune response to intrapulmonary administration of Haemophilus influenzae in the mouse. Two different strains of mice efficiently cleared aerosolized H. influenzae concurrent with a brisk elaboration of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage and a corresponding mobilization of intrapulmonary neutrophils. Congenic strains of mice deficient in TLR4 demonstrated a substantial delay in clearance of H. influenzae with diminished IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage and a notable absence of intrapulmonary neutrophils. In TLR4-expressing animals, but not TLR4-deficient animals, TNF-alpha and MIP-1alpha expression was up-regulated in epithelial cells of the conducting airway in response to H. influenzae which was preceded by an apparent activation of the NF-kappaB pathway in these cells based on the findings of decreased overall IkappaB and an increase in its phosphorylated form. This study demonstrates a critical role of TLR4 in mediating an effective innate immune response to H. influenzae in the lung. This suggests that the airway epithelia might contribute to sensing of H. influenzae infection and signaling the innate immune response.
Comprehensive Fast Tone Mapping for High Dynamic Range Image Visualization (2005)

Abstract: In this paper, we present a comprehensive tone reproduction curve based operator for the fast visualization of high dynamic range images. Image reproduction is a highly subjective process and different users will have very different preferences even for the same image. Therefore, a really useful tone-mapping tool for high dynamic range images should be fast and interactive, with which users can interactively adjust the mapping parameters and instantly visualize the results. Furthermore, there should be as few adjustable parameters as possible, and equally important, the parameters should have a clear, intuitive and straightforward relationship with the appearance of the mapped images to guide the users to adjust the parameters. Based on these requirements, we have developed a comprehensive tone reproduction curve based mapping technology. Our technique has two intuitive variables, which can be adjusted at an interactive speed even for very large images. One parameter controls the overall brightness of the reproduction and the other adjusts the detail and contrast 1 of the result. A piece of easy to use high dynamic range image visualization software that implements our operator is publicly available 2.
A chemical study of rabbit antiovalbumin (1950)

Our best thanks are due to Dr A. T. Cowie for mammary gland biopsies; to Mr C. P. Cox for the statistical analysis of the sheep data; to Mr S
Determination of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Vapor Detection Systems for Explosives, Narcotics, and Related Compounds (1973)

During the past decade a number of portable vapor detection systems have been developed in response to military and law enforcement problems. The report concerns efforts to evaluate the capabilities of certain of the most promising of these detection systems. The following detection systems have been examined: (1) Ion Mobility Spectrometer (a type of plasma chromatograph), Franklin Institute Research Laboratories; (2) Bioluminescent Sensor System, RPC Corporation; (3) Portable Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer, Varian Associates; (4) Model 27 Gelignite Detector and Model 58 Explosive Detector, Ion Track Instruments; (5) Explosive Detection Dogs, trained by Southwest Research Institute. Emphasis is on sensitivity and specificity. The compounds selected for sensitivity studies were ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), trinitrotoluene (TNT), acetic anhydride, and cocaine.
A Bayesian approach to demand estimation and inventory provisioning (1973)

Abstract This article addresses the problem of explicitly taking into account uncertainty about the demand for spare parts in making inventory procurement and stockage decisions. The model described provides for a unified treatment of the closely related problems of statistical estimation of demand and resource allocation within the inventory system, and leads to an easily implemented, efficient method of determining requirements for spare parts both in the early provisioning phase and in later periods of operations when demand data have accumulated Analyses of the model's theoretical foundations and of sample outcomes of the model based upon data on parts intended for use in the F‐14 lead to conclusions of great importance to both support planners and operations planners Finally, of particular significance is the ability afforded the planner by this model to quantify the impact on inventory system costs of varying levels of system reliability or management uncertainty as to projected system performance. This will provide an economic basis for analysis of such alternatives as early deployment, operational testing, and equipment redesign.
A Whole-System Approach to High-Performance Green Buildings (2016)

This book provides a comprehensive review of the current approaches to the design and construction of sustainable buildings. This hand-on guide features global case studies with practical examples of both successful and unsuccessful designs
Identification of a lipid scrambling domain in ANO6/TMEM16F (2015)

Phospholipid scrambling (PLS) is a ubiquitous cellular mechanism involving the regulated bidirectional transport of phospholipids down their concentration gradient between membrane leaflets. ANO6/TMEM16F has been shown to be essential for Ca(2+)-dependent PLS, but controversy surrounds whether ANO6 is a phospholipid scramblase or an ion channel like other ANO/TMEM16 family members. Combining patch clamp recording with measurement of PLS, we show that ANO6 elicits robust Ca(2+)-dependent PLS coinciding with ionic currents that are explained by ionic leak during phospholipid translocation. By analyzing ANO1-ANO6 chimeric proteins, we identify a domain in ANO6 necessary for PLS and sufficient to confer this function on ANO1, which normally does not scramble. Homology modeling shows that the scramblase domain forms an unusual hydrophilic cleft that faces the lipid bilayer and may function to facilitate translocation of phospholipid between membrane leaflets. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for understanding PLS and how ANO6 functions in this process.
Development of a way to recycle waste glasses: preparation of porous materials from cathode-ray-tubes and/or packaging glasses at the end of their life time (2006)

French and European legislation concerning waste requires studies to be performed on the recycling of products issued from commercial electronic devices. Cathode ray tubes (CRT), and in particular glasses which constitute them, are of major interest. The chemical composition of these glasses is very important. Screen glass is composed of 8-12 wt% BaO and 6-10 wt% SrO and the cone glass which has a lower wall thickness than that of the screen contains 19-23% PbO. Previous characterizations of these special glasses led us to propose a way of recycling in which used CRT glass could be treated in order to respond to the legislation. Foam glass could be a possible solution to convert CRT glass into a material with very promising properties. A systematic study of the process parameters showed the possibility of modifying the properties of the porous material. The density can vary from 0.4 to 0.8 g.cm -3 and the mechanical stress with a uniaxial compressive loading from 20 to 60 MPa. The materials have good insulation properties: thermal conductivity K inferior to 0.25 Wm -1 K -1 and r between 2.1 and 3.1 at 25C. They are non-combustible (like the bulk glass), they resist corrosion in any environment and they present a low thermal expansion coefficient.
Importance of Counterion Reactivity on the Deactivation of Co−Salen Catalysts in the Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution of Epichlorohydrin (2007)

Possible modes of deactivation of Jacobsen's Co-salen catalyst during the hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of epichlorohydrin were explored by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, combined with recycling studies. Although an active Co(III)-salen catalyst deactivated substantially after multiple cycles without regeneration, the catalyst maintained its +3 oxidation state throughout the runs. Thus, deactivation of Co-salen during HKR was not the result of Co reduction. The mass spectrum of a deactivated material showed that catalyst dimerization does not account for the loss of activity. Results from various catalyst pretreatment tests, as well as from catalysts containing various counterions (acetate, tosylate, chloride, iodide) indicated that the rate of addition of the Co-salen counterions to epoxide forming Co-OH during the reaction correlated with deactivation. The extent of counterion addition to epoxide was influenced by the exposure time and the nucleophilicity of the counterion. An oligo(cyclooctene)-supported Co-OAc salen catalyst, which was 25 times more active than the standard Co-salen catalyst, was recycled multiple times with negligible deactivation.
Expression of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-Dol is a prerequisite for capillary endothelial cell proliferation. (1999)

Protein N-glycosylation has been proposed to be intimately involved in the migration, proliferation and differentiation of endothelial cells. Using a synchronized, non-transformed capillary endothelial cell line from bovine adrenal medulla as a model, and the N-glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin, we have elucidated the molecular basis of the dolichol pathway in the angiogenic process. The synchronized culture required approximately 68 hrs. to complete one cell cycle, cells spending nearly 36 hrs. in G1 phase, 8 hrs. in S phase and 24 hrs. in G2 + M phase when maintained in 2% fetal bovine serum (heat-inactivated). The cell cycle however, was shortened due to a reduction of the G1 phase by 12-16 hrs. when the serum concentration was increased to 10%, or when beta FGF (1 or 10 nanogram) was added into the culture media containing 2% serum. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy both supported these proliferative responses. Serum concentration below 2% arrested cell proliferation and induced capillary lumen-like structure formation with 48 hrs. Expression of the blood clotting antigen factor VIII:C (a M(r) 270,000 dalton N-linked glycoprotein and a marker of our endothelial cells) preceded the endothelial cell proliferation and established a temporal relationship. Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-Dol biosynthesis, a prerequisite for N-linked protein glycosylation in the ER-inhibited the cell growth and proliferation in a time and dose-dependent manner with a concomitant accumulation of immunopositive, non-glycosylated factor VIII:C in the conditioned media. Tunicamycin also caused surface blebbing and induction of programmed cell death (PCD)(apoptosis) within 32 hrs. Absence of cellular growth and proliferation, surface blebbing and the induction of PCD in the presence of tunicamycin, provided conclusive evidence that normal expression of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-Dol is an essential event for capillary proliferation during angiogenesis.
ABOUT THE REACTION OF 2,3-DIBROMO-2-METHYL-N-(1-ADAMANTYL)-PROPANAMIDE WITH SODIUM<i>TERT</i>-BUTOXIDE. A COMPETITION EXPERIMENT (2001)

2,3-Dibromo-2-methyl-N-(1-adamantyl)propanamide (4), a precursor equally suited for the preparation of an α-lactam and a β-lactam, upon treatment with sodium tert-butoxide ether gives no α-lactam (5), but an excellent yield of the isomeric β-lactam, 1-(1-adamantyl)-3-bromo-3-methylazetidinone (6) as the only product. Repeating the experiment using a large excess of sodium tert-butoxide still leads to β-lactam 6 in 76.1% yield, but now accompanied by its dehydrobrominated derivative, β-lactam 7, in 17.4% yield, and no trace of α-lactam 5
Chromium, zinc and magnesium status in type 1 diabetes (2015)

Many studies indicated positive correlations between decreased levels of serum chromium, zinc, and magnesium and poor glycemic control. The supplementation of type 1 diabetes patients with zinc, magnesium, and chromium may help to control diabetes and prevent diabetes-related oxidative injuries, but require further study.
A METHOD FOR COMPUTING ALL MAXIMALLY GENERAL RULES IN ATTRIBUTE‐VALUE SYSTEMS (1996)

A method for finding all deterministic and maximally general rules for a target classification is explained in detail and illustrated with examples. Maximally general rules are rules with minimal numbers of conditions. The method has been developed within the context of the rough sets model and is based on the concepts of a decision matrix and a decision function. The problem of finding all the rules is reduced to the problem of computing prime implicants of a group of associated Boolean expressions. The method is particularly applicable to identifying all potentially interesting deterministic rules in a knowledge discovery system but can also be used to produce possible rules or nondeterministic rules with decision probabilities, by adapting the method to the definitions of the variable precision rough sets model.
<i>N</i> -linked glycan changes of serum haptoglobin β chain in liver disease patients (2011)

Human haptoglobin is a serum glycoprotein secreted by the liver with four potential N-glycosylation sites on its β chain. Many studies have reported glycan changes of haptoglobin in diseases such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. The objective of our study is to analyze N-linked glycan alterations of serum haptoglobin β chain obtained from patients with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MALDI-QIT-TOF mass spectrometry revealed the intensity of m/z 1809.6, identified as a fucosylated glycan, was much higher in samples from patients with LC and HCC relative to the patients with HBV and healthy controls. Compared with LC patients, triantennary glycan was elevated and the biantennary structure was decreased in the haptoglobin β chain of HCC patients. Thus, alterations in the glycan structure of the haptoglobin β chain may constitute significant spectral signatures of cirrhosis and HCC disease.
Identification and sequence analysis of the 5' domain of the X and Y pseudo-ovalbumin genes. (1981)

The expression of the X and Y pseudo-ovalbumin genes is stimulated by estrogen to a much lesser extent than the expression of the authentic ovalbumin gene in the chicken oviduct. Since it is possible that the primary structures of the 5' flanking regions of these genes are responsible for their differential hormonal responses, we have identified the 5' transcription domains of the X and Y pseudo-ovalbumin genes and determined their nucleotide sequences. Similar to many other eukaryotic genes, the X, Y, and ovalbumin genes each contain an (A + T)-rich heptamer located about 30 nucleotides upstream from the cap site. This sequence is TATATAT for the X and ovalbumin genes, but GATATAT for the Y gene. The 5' flanking sequences of all three genes are about 70% homologous when allowances are made for deletions and insertions. There is no obvious feature of the 5' flanking sequences of the pseudo-ovalbumin genes which can be related to differential hormonal responsiveness. Nevertheless, these 5' flanking regions appear to have been conserved relative to the intervening sequences of the pseudogenes, and thus may be important to gene function.
A Survey on Face Detection and Face Recognition (2005)

A Survey on Face Detection and Face Recognition Yoshio Iwai†, Shihong Lao‡, Osamu Yamaguchi∗, Takatsugu Hirayama†† †Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University iwai@sys.es.osaka-u.ac.jp ‡ Omron Corporation lao@ari.ncl.omron.co.jp ∗ TOSHIBA Corporate Research and Development Center osamu1.yamaguchi@toshiba.co.jp †† Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University hirayama@vision.kuee.kyoto-u.ac.jp
The systems phenol-glucose-β-pentacetate, phenol-cellobiose-α-octacetate, and p-nitrophenol-cellobiose-α-octacetate (1943)

R. J. B. Marsden, J. M. Bainbridge and A. Morris, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1943, 39, 1 DOI: 10.1039/TF9433900001
High-power high-brightness ridge-waveguide tapered diode lasers at 14xx nm (2005)

High-power spatially single-mode diode lasers at 1.4 - 1.5 µm wavelength are of interest as pump lasers for Raman and rare-earth doped fiber amplifiers as well as for material processing and for Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) at eye-safe wavelengths. A cost-efficient way to realize high-power high-brightness devices is the tapered resonator concept. We demonstrate InGaAsP/InP based diode lasers with compressively strained quantum wells and wavelengths around 1480 nm which were grown by solid source MBE. From broad area lasers with variations in quantum well number and waveguide layer thickness, parameters for the logarithmic gain model are deduced. With their implementation in 2-dimensional BPM simulations, an optimized resonator geometry is derived. Devices employ a 500 µm ridge section followed by a 2000 µm taper section with 6° angle. Continuous-wave (cw) output powers reach more than 1.5 W. Beam quality is characterized in terms of near field and far field distribution, M2, and astigmatism. An excellent agreement is found between measurement and simulation. For narrow-linewidth operation, devices are provided with anti-reflection coatings on both facets and spectrally stabilized with an external grating. We achieve 0.7 W single mode power and a side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 42 dB. Reliability is tested in terms of facet stability and lifetime. Pulsed measurements reveal a power stability up to more than 5 MW/cm2. From cw aging tests at 1 W output power, lifetimes of about 6,000 h are extrapolated.