gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Label-free continuous cell sorter with specifically adhesive oblique micro-grooves (2009)

We report the development of a label-free continuous cell sorting method based on specific adhesivity between cells and surface-immobilized adhesion molecules. The separation of cells is induced by cross-flow adhesive force on micron-sized stripes with adhesion molecules immobilized on the surface. In order to accurately form the adhesive stripes on a microchannel wall, 1 µm wide micro-grooves are fabricated at a certain angle with respect to the flow direction using direct electron-beam lithography. Amino-functionalized parylene is used as the groove surface material, and streptavidin is immobilized on the entire surface, resulting in a surface with periodic adhesive patterns. The effectiveness of the proposed cell sorting principle is verified by flow-through experiments using functionalized particles as model cells. Measurements of the motion of biotin-coated microparticles show that the particles decelerated by specific adhesivity are displaced in the cross-flow direction. The observed cross-flow displacement is around 0.8% of the streamwise travelling distance. It is also shown that the rate of cross-flow displacement is independent of the flow rate or the stripe angle. Finally, it is demonstrated that a mixture of streptavidin- and biotin-coated microparticles can be completely separated after flowing over a 20 mm long patterned surface. The proposed label-free continuous lateral separation scheme has a wide range of potential applications for separation of cells which could not be distinguished by size or separated using dielectric forces.
Indoor Scene Reconstruction using Primitive-driven Space Partitioning and Graph-cut (2013)

We present a method for automatic reconstruction of permanent structures of indoor scenes, such as walls, floors and ceilings, from raw point clouds acquired by laser scanners. Our approach employs graph-cut to solve an inside/outside labeling of a space decomposition. To allow for an accurate reconstruction the space decomposition is aligned with permanent structures. A Hough Transform is applied for extracting the wall directions while allowing a flexible reconstruction of scenes. The graph-cut formulation takes into account data consistency through an inside/outside prediction for the cells of the space decomposition by stochastic ray casting, while favoring low geometric complexity of the model. Our experiments produces watertight reconstructed models of multi-level buildings and complex scenes.
Chloride and the endosomal–lysosomal pathway: emerging roles of CLC chloride transporters (2006)

Several members of the CLC family of Cl- channels and transporters are expressed in vesicles of the endocytotic-lysosomal pathway, all of which are acidified by V-type proton pumps. These CLC proteins are thought to facilitate vesicular acidification by neutralizing the electric current of the H+-ATPase. Indeed, the disruption of ClC-5 impaired the acidification of endosomes, and the knock-out (KO) of ClC-3 that of endosomes and synaptic vesicles. KO mice are available for all vesicular CLCs (ClC-3 to ClC-7), and ClC-5 and ClC-7, as well as its beta-subunit Ostm1, are mutated in human disease. The associated mouse and human pathologies, ranging from impaired endocytosis and nephrolithiasis (ClC-5) to neurodegeneration (ClC-3), lysosomal storage disease (ClC-6, ClC-7/Ostm1) and osteopetrosis (ClC-7/Ostm1), were crucial in identifying the physiological roles of vesicular CLCs. Whereas the intracellular localization of ClC-6 and ClC-7/Ostm1 precluded biophysical studies, the partial expression of ClC-4 and -5 at the cell surface allowed the detection of strongly outwardly rectifying currents that depended on anions and pH. Surprisingly, ClC-4 and ClC-5 (and probably ClC-3) do not function as Cl- channels, but rather as electrogenic Cl--H+ exchangers. This hints at an important role for luminal chloride in the endosomal-lysosomal system.
A graph-based subcube allocation and task migration in hypercube systems (2003)

The authors propose a task migration scheme based on the HSA (heuristic subcube allocation) strategy to solve the fragmentation problem in a hypercube. This scheme, called CSC (complementary subcube coalescence), uses a heuristic and an undirected graph, called the SC (subcube) graph. If an incoming request is not satisfied due to the system fragmentation, the task migration scheme is performed to generate higher dimension subcubes. Simulation results show that the HSA strategy gives better efficiency than the Buddy and GC strategies in the adaptive mode. Moreover, the HSA strategy has a significantly lower migration cost than that of the Buddy and GC strategies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alkylation of tryptophan during deprotection of Tmob-protected carboxamide side chains. (1992)

Alkylation of tryptophan occurred during the synthesis of a 19-amino acid peptide of the following sequence: Tyr Ala Ala Gln Asn Arg Arg Gly Leu Asp Leu Leu Phe Trp Glu Gln Gly Gly Leu. Alkylation was found to occur during cleavage of the peptide from the solid support under acidic conditions in the presence of Tmob, which is used for protecting glutamine and asparagine. Presence of alkylated tryptophan was confirmed by mass spectrometry, HPLC and amino acid sequence analyses.
Frequency stabilization of 1.5-μm InGaAsP distributed feedback laser to NH3 absorption lines (1984)

NH3 absorption lines due to vibration-rotation transitions are observed at 1.50–1.54 μm by using an InGaAsP superluminescent diode. A 1.5-μm InGaAsP distributed feedback (DFB) laser is frequency stabilized to an NH3 linear absorption line at 15196 Å. Frequency stability of σ(2,τ)=8×10−11τ−1 is achieved for an averaging time range of 10 ms≤τ≤1 s. Such an absolute frequency-stabilized DFB laser is useful for coherent optical system applications, since it is free from the longitudinal mode jumping which results from a wide range of temperature changes and long-term device degradation.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia in children: the role of respiratory viruses. (1987)

The most frequent agents of pneumonia acquired by children in the hospital are viruses. The characteristics of these nosocomial viral agents differ appreciably from the more classical bacterial nosocomial infections. The viral agents tend to be more contagious, with normal children being as susceptible as the predisposed, high-risk child. The epidemiology of these hospital-acquired infections tends to mimic the patterns of activity of the respiratory viruses in the community. The major causes of nosocomial pneumonia in children are, therefore, the epidemic respiratory viruses--respiratory syncytial virus, the influenza viruses, and the parainfluenza viruses. Respiratory syncytial virus is the most important and frequent of these, causing nosocomial infection in up to 45% of the contact children on infant-toddler wards during community outbreaks. About half of the nosocomial infections involve the lower respiratory tract in these young children. Severe and fatal disease is most likely to occur in neonates and children with underlying cardiac, pulmonary, and immunodeficiency disease. The frequency of lower respiratory tract involvement and nosocomial influenza and parainfluenza viral infections is less, but may pose a serious threat in nurseries and to certain groups of compromised children. The potential hazard of these viral agents on pediatric wards is heightened by the fact that they are frequently not recognized, the incentive and facilities for their diagnosis are often limited, and clinically they may mimic bacterial disease. The source of the nosocomial infections, which may be trivial illnesses in personnel or other patients, may not be suspected, and limiting the spread is difficult.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein H Blocks MST2-Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by Regulating <i>a-raf</i> Transcription (2010)

A-Raf belongs to the family of oncogenic Raf kinases that are involved in mitogenic signaling by activating the mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)-ERK pathway. Low kinase activity of A-Raf toward MEK suggested that A-Raf might have alternative functions. Here, we show that A-Raf prevents cancer cell apoptosis contingent on the expression of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H (hnRNP H) splice factor, which is required for the correct transcription and expression of a-raf. Apoptosis was prevented by A-Raf through sequestration and inactivation of the proapoptotic MST2 kinase. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of hnRNP H or A-Raf resulted in MST2-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, enforced expression of either hnRNP H or A-Raf partially counteracted apoptosis induced by etoposide. In vivo expression studies of colon specimens corroborated the overexpression of hnRNP H in malignant tissues and its correlation with A-Raf levels. Our findings define a novel mechanism that is usurped in tumor cells to escape naturally imposed apoptotic signals.
A run-time, feedback-based energy estimation model For embedded devices (2006)

We present an adaptive, feedback-based, energy estimation model for battery-powered embedded devices such as sensor network gateways and hand-held computers. Our technique maps hardware and software counters to energy consumption values using a set of first order, linear regression equations. Our system is novel in that it combines online and offline techniques to enable runtime power prediction. Our system employs an offline instantiated model that it continuously updates using feedback from a readily available battery monitor within the device.We empirically evaluate our model and detail its robustness, accuracy, and computational cost. We also analyze the stability of the model in the presence of feedback errors. We demonstrate that our approach can achieve an error rate of 1% (extant techniques: 2.6% to 4%) for computationally bound tasks and 6.6% (extant techniques: 11%) for communication bound tasks.
Pleural effusion: a clinical review. (1994)

Pleural effusion is a problem commonly encountered by chest physicians, accounting for approximately 4% of all attendances to the chest clinic. In spite of extensive investigations, a significant proportion (approximately 20%) of effusions defy a diagnostic label. This article discusses the role of established, and some of the newer, techniques which are now available for investigating pleural disease in a clinical setting. The initial approach towards a diagnosis usually begins by distinguishing between transudates and exudates, based on protein and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations in fluid (usually in relation to their concentration in serum). The exact role of amylase and LDH (and their isoenzymes) may provide additional information towards a differential diagnosis of various exudative pleural effusions. With newer cytochemical staining techniques on pleural fluid, the diagnostic yield of malignant pleural effusions may be increased by up to 80%. Ultrasound (US) and computed tomographic (CT) scan of the chest have further enhanced the diagnostic yield of undiagnosed pleural effusions, especially in relation to the US or CT guided needle biopsy. The re-emergence of thoracoscopy as the latest diagnostic and therapeutic (e.g. pleurodesis) tool for undiagnosed or recurrent pleural effusions, may help in narrowing the diagnostic dilemma faced by clinicians.
Style preserving Chinese character synthesis based on hierarchical representation of character (2008)

with English, and they are not suitable for Chinese character synthesis. In this paper, we propose an unified approach for modeling and synthesizing Chinese characters. Using a three-level hierarchical representation, each character is decomposed into basic components, which forms the stroke database and radical database. In the synthesis process, we use a wavelet-based approach to select proper strokes and radicals, and some aesthetic constraints are defined based on the relationships between components, then genetic algorithm is employed to search for the optimal results which best match the aesthetic constraints. Experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of our method.
Adapting Text Embeddings for Causal Inference (2019)

Does adding a theorem to a paper affect its chance of acceptance? Does labeling a post with the author's gender affect the post popularity? This paper develops a method to estimate such causal effects from observational text data, adjusting for confounding features of the text such as the subject or writing quality. We assume that the text suffices for causal adjustment but that, in practice, it is prohibitively high-dimensional. To address this challenge, we develop causally sufficient embeddings, low-dimensional document representations that preserve sufficient information for causal identification and allow for efficient estimation of causal effects. Causally sufficient embeddings combine two ideas. The first is supervised dimensionality reduction: causal adjustment requires only the aspects of text that are predictive of both the treatment and outcome. The second is efficient language modeling: representations of text are designed to dispose of linguistically irrelevant information, and this information is also causally irrelevant. Our method adapts language models (specifically, word embeddings and topic models) to learn document embeddings that are able to predict both treatment and outcome. We study causally sufficient embeddings with semi-synthetic datasets and find that they improve causal estimation over related embedding methods. We illustrate the methods by answering the two motivating questions---the effect of a theorem on paper acceptance and the effect of a gender label on post popularity. Code and data available at https://github.com/vveitch/causal-text-embeddings-tf2}{github.com/vveitch/causal-text-embeddings-tf2
<i>Linear and Nonlinear Waves</i> (1975)

Introduction and General Outline. HYPERBOLIC WAVES. Waves and First Order Equations. Specific Problems. Burger's Equation. Hyperbolic Systems. Gas Dynamics. The Wave Equation. Shock Dynamics. The Propagation of Weak Shocks. Wave Hierarchies. DISPERSIVE WAVES. Linear Dispersive Waves. Wave Patterns. Water Waves. Nonlinear Dispersion and the Variational Method. Group Velocities, Instability, and Higher Order Dispersion. Applications of the Nonlinear Theory. Exact Solutions: Interacting Solitary Waves. References. Index.
Pheno-Copter: A Low-Altitude, Autonomous Remote-Sensing Robotic Helicopter for High-Throughput Field-Based Phenotyping (2014)

Plant breeding trials are extensive (100s to 1000s of plots) and are difficult and expensive to monitor by conventional means, especially where measurements are time-sensitive. For example, in a land-based measure of canopy temperature (hand-held infrared thermometer at two to 10 plots per minute), the atmospheric conditions may change greatly during the time of measurement. Such sensors measure small spot samples (2 to 50 cm2), whereas image-based methods allow the sampling of entire plots (2 to 30 m2). A higher aerial position allows the rapid measurement of large numbers of plots if the altitude is low (10 to 40 m) and the flight control is sufficiently precise to collect high-resolution images. This paper outlines the implementation of a customized robotic helicopter (gas-powered, 1.78-m rotor diameter) with autonomous flight control and software to plan flights over experiments that were 0.5 to 3 ha in area and, then, to extract, straighten and characterize multiple experimental field plots from images taken by three cameras. With a capacity to carry 1.5 kg for 30 min or 1.1 kg for 60 min, the system successfully completed >150 flights for a total duration of 40 h. Example applications presented here are estimations of the variation in: ground cover in sorghum (early season); canopy temperature in sugarcane (mid-season); and three-dimensional measures of crop lodging in wheat (late season). Together with this hardware platform, improved software to automate the production of ortho-mosaics and digital elevation models and to extract plot data would further benefit the development of high-throughput field-based phenotyping systems.
Histological Intestinal Recovery in Chickens Refed Dietary Sugar Cane Extract (2006)

Sugar cane extract (SCE), the residue after removing glucose, fructose, and sucrose from sugar cane juice, has growth-promoting, antistress, and immunostimulation effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of refeeding dietary SCE on recovery of BW and intestinal histology after withdrawing feed from chickens. Forty-eight male Sanuki Cochin chickens were assigned randomly to 6 treatments and 8 replicates in a completely randomized design. The 6 treatments were intact control chickens fed ad libitum a basal commercial grower mash diet; 3 d of feed withdrawal; feed withdrawal followed by 1 d of ad libitum access to the same commercial mash diet (AFC); and free access to the commercial mash diet with 0.05, 1, or 3% SCE for 1 d. All SCE groups gained more weight in 1 d of refeeding than the AFC group (P < 0.05). Compared with the AFC group, the SCE groups increased cell mitosis (P < 0.05). On the villus apical surface, flat epithelial cells of the feed withdrawal group developed more protuberated cells than those of the intact control group in all refeeding groups. Compared with the AFC group, the SCE groups showed more protuberated cells. In addition, in the 0.05% SCE group, cell clusters aggregated by many cells were observed on the villus apical surface. The present histological intestinal alterations in chickens refed a SCE-containing diet demonstrate that the villi and epithelial cells might be hypertrophied because of some component in the SCE, resulting in quicker BW recovery in SCE-fed birds compared with those in the AFC group.
The advantages of using repetition code in mobile radio communications (1986)

In general, repetition coding in a majority vote scheme is not an efficient coding process in data transmission. However, in a mobile radio environment where the mobile unit travels at different speeds, from a very slow speed, approaching zero, to a very high speed, as high as 70 mph, repetition coding exhibits a unique property that is suitable to mobile radio communications. We compare the transmission error rating between coded and no-code cases and between error corrected and no-error corrected cases. Also, to show improvement in a Rayleigh fading environment, we use repetition rates of three and five times. Finally, we compare the additional advantages by superimposing diversity schemes. It is convincing that repetition coding is the proper coding scheme to use in cellular control data transmissions.
ChemInform Abstract: DIISOBUTYLALUMINUM 2,6‐DI‐TERT‐BUTYL‐4‐METHYLPHENOXIDE. NOVEL STEREOSELECTIVE REDUCING AGENT FOR PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS (1979)

Abstract Das aus Diisobutylaluminium und dem Phenol erhaltene Phenolat (I) stellt ein selektives Reduktionsmittel in Prostaglandin‐Synthesen dar.
Estimation of parameters of the gamma distribution using order statistics (1962)

Journal Article Estimation of parameters of the gamma distribution using order statistics Get access M. B. WILK, M. B. WILK Bell Telephone Laboratories IncorporatedMurray Hill, New Jersey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. GNANADESIKAN, R. GNANADESIKAN Bell Telephone Laboratories IncorporatedMurray Hill, New Jersey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MARILYN J. HUYETT MARILYN J. HUYETT Bell Telephone Laboratories IncorporatedMurray Hill, New Jersey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 49, Issue 3-4, 1962, Pages 525–545, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/49.3-4.525 Published: 01 December 1962
Role of persister cells in chronic infections: clinical relevance and perspectives on anti-persister therapies (2011)

Certain infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria are typically chronic in nature. Potentially deadly examples include tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis-associated lung infections, primarily caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and candidiasis, caused by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. A hallmark of this type of illness is the recalcitrance to treatment with antibiotics, even in the face of laboratory tests showing the causative agents to be sensitive to drugs. Recent studies have attributed this treatment failure to the presence of a small, transiently multidrug-tolerant subpopulation of cells, so-called persister cells. Here, we review our current understanding of the role that persisters play in the treatment and outcome of chronic infections. In a second part, we offer a perspective on the development of anti-persister therapies based on genes and mechanisms that have been implicated in persistence over the last decade.
Laser annealed low temperature deposited polysilicon waveguides for nonlinear photonics (2017)

The intrinsic properties of silicon (Si) make it an excellent material for integrated photonics devices with small footprints [1]. To date, most of the reported devices have been based on crystalline silicon (c-Si), but this material suffers from difficult integration with electronic layers due to fabrication constraints. Subsequently, there has been growing interest in alternative forms of Si, such as hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), silicon nitride (SiN) and polysilicon (poly-Si) [2]. Among these materials, only poly-Si has the potential to exhibit both optical and electronic properties that are equivalent to c-Si. However, to achieve good material quality, poly-Si is typically deposited at temperatures higher than 900°C, rendering it incompatible with most CMOS fabrication processes. Thus there is a growing drive to develop new techniques to deposit poly-Si at low temperatures (<450°C) [2], but so far the optical losses in these materials have been high, limiting its use in all-optical systems employing nonlinear optical processing. In this work, we report the fabrication and characterisation of laser annealed, low temperature deposited silicon waveguides with low optical losses. Our results represent the first demonstration of nonlinear propagation in a poly-Si waveguide suitable for integration.
Site-directed alteration of the active-site residues of histidine decarboxylase from Clostridium perfringens (1990)

To clarify the mechanism of biogenesis and catalysis by the pyruvoyl-dependent histidine decarboxylase (HisDCase) from Clostridium perfringens, 12 mutant genes encoding amino acid substitutions at the active site of this enzyme were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The resulting mutant proteins were purified to homogeneity, characterized, and subjected to kinetic analysis. The results (a) exclude all polar amino acid residues in the active site except Glu-214 as donor of the proton that replaces the carboxyl group of histidine during decarboxylation and, since E214I and E214H are nearly inactive, indicate that Glu-214 is the essential proton donor; (b) demonstrate the importance to substrate binding of hydrophobic interactions between Phe-98, Ile-74, and the imidazole ring of histidine, and of hydrogen bonding between Asp-78 and N2 of the substrate; and (c) demonstrate a significant unidentified role for Glu-81 in the maintenance of the active-site structure. The proposed roles of these amino acid residues are consistent with those assigned on the basis of crystallographic evidence to the corresponding residues at the active site of the related HisDCase from Lactobacillus 30a [Gallagher, T., Snell, E. E., & Hackert, M. L. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 12737-12743]. Of the residues altered, only Ser-97 was essential for the autocatalytic serinolysis reaction by which this HisDCase, (alpha beta)6, is derived from its inactive, pyruvate-free precursor, proHisDCase, pi 6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)