gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct, Two-Step Synthetic Pathway to Novel Dibenzo[<i>a,c</i>]phenanthridines (2005)

Novel dibenzo[a,c]phenanthridines are prepared regioselectively by the application of a straightforward synthetic pathway, starting from new 3,4-diaryl- and 3,4-dihydro-3,4-diarylisoquinolines prepared via Ritter-type heterocyclization and the more classical two-step reductive amination/Bischler-Napieralski cyclization of triarylethanones, respectively. A comparative study of nonphenolic oxidative coupling methodologies provides a highly efficient procedure, based on the hypervalent iodine reagent phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA), to accomplish the final coupling step.
Preparation of O-Protected (2S,3S)-1,2-Epoxy-3-butanols. Enantioselective Syntheses of (—)-Rhodinose and (+)-Epimuscarine Iodide (1986)

Reductivecleavage of (5,s)-1,2-3,4-diepoxybutane with lithium triethylhorohydride, followed by protection gave 0-protected (25,3S)-1,2epoxy-3-butanals, which were employed i n c h i d syntheses o f (-1-rhodinose and (+)-epimurcarine iodide.I n connection with a project directed toward the synthesis of biologically active natural products possessing 1,2-did functionalities, an efficient method was sought for preparing (2S,3S)-1,2-epoxy-3-butanol 1 derivatives.Very recently, Abushanab and co-workers have developed the synthetic routes for (2S,3S)-3-benzyloxy-1,2-epoxyb~tane (4)starting with L-(+)-ascorbic acid, L-(+)-tartaric acid, and Z-butene-1,4-did.However, all of these three methods are not efficient enough when a large quantity of -4 is required as a chiral building block.We now wish t o report an effective preparation of 0-protected -
Detection of Salmonella typhimurium in dairy products with flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies (1994)

Flow cytometry, combined with fluorescently labelled monoclonal antibodies, offers advantages of speed and sensitivity for the detection of specific pathogenic bacteria in foods. We investigated the detection of Salmonella typhimurium in eggs and milk. Using a sample clearing procedure, we determined that the detection limit was on the order of 10(3) cells per ml after a total analysis time of 40 min. After 6 h of nonselective enrichment, the detection limits were 10 cells per ml for milk and 1 cell per ml for eggs, even in the presence of a 10,000-fold excess of Escherichia coli cells.
Modeling the Dynamic Composition of Engineered Cartilage (2001)

Abstract Investigation of the mechanisms underlying scaffold degradation and neotissue synthesis is essential to understanding the mechanical and biological performance of engineered tissues. Modeling the dynamic composition of cell-polymer constructs may be useful in estimating the constructs’ long-term function. In this preliminary study, we identified potential mechanisms and developed mathematical models to describe scaffold mass loss and extracellular matrix synthesis for engineered cartilage.
A bipolar monolithic multigigabit/s decision circuit (1984)

A monolithic multigigabit/s decision circuit using a 0.5-/spl mu/m bipolar process technology called advanced super self-aligned technology (SST-1A) has been developed. A special decision circuit including a novel current switch based on a nonthreshold logic circuit and a cutoff prevention principle was designed and fabricated. An output voltage swing of 1 V across a 50-/spl Omega/ load, a fast transition time of 90 ps (10-90%) and 3.6 Gbit/s operation have been achieved. Power dissipation per chip is about 600 mW. This IC is applicable to very-high-speed optical fiber transmission system repeaters.
Longitudinal Control of Heavy Trucks in Mixed Traffic: Environmental and Fuel Economy Considerations (2006)

In this paper, longitudinal vehicle-following controllers for heavy trucks with different spacing policies are designed, analyzed, simulated, and experimentally tested, and their performance in mixed traffic with passenger vehicles is evaluated. A new vehicle-following controller for trucks, which has better properties than existing ones with respect to performance and impact on fuel economy and pollution during traffic disturbances, is developed. The response of trucks to disturbances caused by lead passenger vehicles is smooth due to the limited acceleration capabilities of trucks whether they are manual or equipped with adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems. Vehicles following the truck are therefore presented with a smoother speed trajectory to track. This filtering effect of trucks is shown to have beneficial effects on fuel economy and pollution. However, it creates large intervehicle gaps that invite cut-ins from neighboring lanes, creating additional disturbances. These cut-ins, under certain realistic scenarios, may reduce any benefits obtained by the smooth response of trucks as well as increase travel time. The results of this paper indicate possible benefits trucks may have in mixed traffic and also reinforces what is already known-that trucks could be detrimental to traffic flow
Physiological Properties of Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors Reconstituted from the Vertebrate β2 Subunit and <i>Drosophila</i>α Subunits (1994)

Three cDNAs (ALS, D alpha 2 and ARD) isolated from the nervous system of Drosophila and encoding putative nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits were expressed in Xenopus oocytes in order to study their functional properties. Functional receptors could not be reconstituted from any of these subunits taken singly or in twos and threes. In contrast, large evoked currents (in the microA range) were consistently observed upon agonist application on oocytes co-injected with ALS or D alpha 2 in combination with the chick beta 2 structural subunit. The ALS/beta 2 and D alpha 2/beta 2 receptors are highly sensitive to acetylcholine and nicotine, and their physiological properties resemble those of native or reconstituted receptors from vertebrates. Although the physiological properties of ALS/beta 2 and D alpha 2/beta 2 receptors are quite similar, clear differences appear in their pharmacological profiles. The ALS/beta 2 receptor is highly sensitive to alpha-bungarotoxin while the D alpha 2/beta 2 receptor is totally insensitive to this agent. These results demonstrate that the Drosophila ALS and D alpha 2 cDNAs encode neuronal nicotinic subunits responding to physiological concentrations of the agonists acetylcholine and nicotine.
Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica Thin Films Prepared from Block Copolymers:  Detailed Characterization and Formation Mechanism (2001)

Silica thin films with a two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal structure were produced from TEOS and the F127 triblock copolymer PEO106PPO70PEO106. The structure of the films was deduced from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) performed on microtomed sections and from a 2D X-ray scattering technique adapted for film characterization. Both methods are complementary and allow for a detailed characterization of the film structure. The pore channels within the coatings are organized in domains, which spin and curve inside the film, but align with the surface plan at the air/film and film/substrate interfaces. The formation of the film was monitored by in situ time-resolved SAXS experiments to follow the structural evolution during the first minutes after deposition. Cylindrical micelles, which gives rise to a wormlike structure, form first at the air/film interface and extend toward the film/substrate interface via solvent evaporation. When most of the liquid phase is evaporated, the well-aligned domains located at both interfaces are obtained by a self-arrangement of the micelles parallel to the interfaces. This rearrangement occurs when the film is considered to be dry. The atom content profiles in the as-prepared films were obtained by Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and show homogeneous distribution of atoms throughout the film thickness. To stiffen the network and remove the surfactant, various postsynthesis treatments were applied to the coatings, that is, thermal treatment, base-catalyzed condensation, and solvent extraction. Each method induces shrinkage, leading to 2D-centered rectangular films through a contraction of the initial 2D hexagonal structure. As-prepared and treated films exhibit excellent optical transparency and high degree of organization. Ellipsometry measurements and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms were thus used to estimate the refractive index and the porosity of the films. Refractive index down to 1.2 was obtained in the film that was pretreated under a NH3 atmosphere before solvent extraction of the surfactant. This shows the efficiency of this treatment to minimize the network shrinkage. N2 adsorption−desorption measurement performed on films calcined at 350 °C gives a surface area of 800 m2 g-1 and a porosity of 63%.
Molecular Characterization of a Barley Gene Induced by Cold Treatment (1990)

A cDNA library was made from low positive temperature (6 °C/2 °C) grown barley shoot meristems. Several genes which are differentially expressed, as measured by mRNA abundance, were selected from the library using a differential screen. This paper reports an analysis of in vivo expression in several cultivars, the DNA sequence, copy number and chromosomal location of one gene (BLT14). In addition, genomic restriction fragment length polymorphism for this gene in the 10 most widely UK-grown spring and 9 most widely UK-grown winter barley cultivars is analysed.
Lithography technology development and design rule consideration for 0.4-0.35 μm DRAM semiconductor processes (2002)

The practical issues of i-line lithography process development and design rule considerations for 0.4-0.35 /spl mu/m DRAM (dynamic random access memory) manufacturing were addressed in this paper. Based on published literature and our development experience in 64 Mb DRAM, a list of lithography requirements for DRAM manufacturing was proposed and discussed. The details on focus budget issue were discussed also. A tremendous DOF (depth of focus) loss on the critical layer processes occurred without the considerations of local and global proximity effects and metrology errors on 0.4 /spl mu/m and below processes. Combining an optical proximity correction (OPC) technique with design rule modifications, a factor of 2-3 improvement in UDOF (usable DOF) was proven. Thinner resist thickness and mask quality control which become inevitable for the coming generations were discussed also.
Effects of Intravesically Administered Anticholinergics, .BETA.-Adrenergic Stimulant and .ALPHA.-Adrenergic Blocker on Bladder Function in Unanesthetized Rats. (1993)

Comparative analysis of the effects of intravesical instillation of drugs on urodynamic parameters (MVP, maximum intravesical pressure; RR, residual rate; BC, bladder capacity) was performed using an experimental model in unanesthetized rats. The drugs investigated in this study were atropine (7.2 x 10(-4)-7.2 x 10(-2) M), propantheline (7.2 x 10(-3)-2.2 x 10(-2) M), oxybutynin (2.5 x 10(-3)-2.5 x 10(-2) M), isoproterenol (5 x 10(-2)-10(-1) M) and prazosin (5 x 10(-4) M). Of the anticholinergics, propantheline and oxybutynin showed a remarkable suppression of MVP accompanied with a consistent increase of RR and BC in a dose-dependent manner. Atropine showed, however, no suppression of MVP in spite of a significant change of RR and BC. Isoproterenol suppressed MVP with an increase of RR and BC in a dose-dependent manner at a relatively high concentration. Prazosin increased BC and RR at a relatively low concentration. This study revealed that these intravesical drugs have the ability to suppress spontaneous bladder contraction in unanesthetized rats and to change the micturition function in the urinary filling and storage phases. It is expected that intravesical instillation therapy for detrusor hyperreflexia will be improved in the future based upon the data obtained.
Texture description and segmentation in image processing (1985)

Textured regions in images can be defined as those regions containing a signal which has some measure of randomness. This thesis is concerned with the description of homogeneous texture in terms of a signal model and to develop a means of spatially separating regions of differing texture. A signal model is presented which is based on the assumption that a large class of textures can adequately be represented by their Fourier amplitude spectra only, with the phase spectra modelled by a random process. It is shown that, under mild restrictions, the above model leads to a stationary random process. Results indicate that this assumption is valid for those textures lacking significant local structure. A texture segmentation scheme is described which separates textured regions based on the assumption that each texture has a different distribution of signal energy within its amplitude spectrum. A set of bandpass quadrature filters are applied to the original signal and the envelope of the output of each filter taken. The filters are designed to have maximum mutual energy concentration in both the spatial and spatial frequency domains thus providing high spatial and class resolutions. The outputs of these filters are processed using a multi-resolution classifier which applies a clustering algorithm on the data at a low spatial resolution and then performs a boundary estimation operation in which processing is carried out over a range of spatial resolutions. Results demonstrate a high performance, in terms of the classification error, for a range of synthetic and natural textures
Some Film-Noise Measurements by Diffraction of Coherent Light (1971)

It is known that the diffraction of coherent light can be used for various spatial-noise measurements including the power-spectrum estimation of photographic emulsions. A number of such measurements are presented. The power spectrum of grain noise is compared with several theoretical models. The spectra of grain and phase noise for overexposed film are obtained. A simple procedure for obtaining the variance of the phase noise of photographic film, assuming gaussian statistics and statistical independence between grain and phase noise, is furnished.
A Maximum Likelihood Approach to Parallel Imaging With Coil Sensitivity Noise (2007)

Parallel imaging is a powerful technique to speed up magnetic resonance (MR) image acquisition via multiple coils. Both the received signal of each coil and its sensitivity map, which describes its spatial response, are needed during reconstruction. Widely used schemes such as SENSE assume that sensitivity maps of the coils are noiseless while the only errors are in coil outputs. In practice, however, sensitivity maps are subject to a wide variety of errors. At first glance, sensitivity noise appears to result in an errors-in-variables problem of the kind that is typically solved using total least squares (TLSs). However, existing TLS algorithms are in general inappropriate for the specific type of block structure that arises in parallel imaging. In this paper, we take a maximum likelihood approach to the problem of parallel imaging in the presence of independent Gaussian sensitivity noise. This results in a quasi-quadratic objective function, which can be efficiently minimized. Experimental evidence suggests substantial gains over conventional SENSE, especially in nonideal imaging conditions like low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), high g-factors and large acceleration, using sensitivity maps suffering from misalignment, ringing, and random noise.
Image approximation by minimization of a geometric distance applied to a 3D finite elements based model (2002)

We propose a method for image coding based on an adaptive non-uniform sampling scheme. The aim is to optimize a 3D mesh-based model such as those involved in finite elements method. To this end, a geometrical distance has been defined, measuring the error between the model and the original image, and a gradient algorithm has been derived to obtain an accurate model deformation. The corresponding 2D rendering lends to an efficient image representation: salient features such as edges are preserved, offering a good subjective quality.
Mucoglycoprotein hypersecretion in allergic rhinitis and cystic fibrosis (1997)

There is little information about specific changes in submucosal gland exocytosis in diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR), nonallergic rhinitis (NAR), and cystic fibrosis (CF). Nasal lavage fluids were collected from normal, AR, NAR, and CF subjects. Concentrations of lysozyme, Alcian blue-staining mucoglycoconjugate material (AB+m), and human high-molecular-weight mucoglycoconjugates recognized by the 7F10 murine monoclonal antibody [7F10-immunoreactive mucoglycoconjugates (7F10-irm)] were measured. AB+m and 7F10-irm were characterized by Sepharose-2B column chromatography and glycosidase digestion. 7F10-irm was increased in CF (2.4-fold; P = 0.001) and AR (12.7-fold; P = 0.00007) subjects. AB+m was increased in CF (1.8-fold; P = 0.049) and AR (1.2-fold; P = 0.07) subjects. There were no changes in NAR subjects. On Sepharose-2B columns, AB+m peaks were at 1.3–3.0 × 10 6 and 0.36–0.65 × 10 6 Da. 7F10-irm showed four distinct peaks at 1.5, 1.2, 0.85, and 0.53 × 10 6 Da that were nearly identical in both normal and CF samples. Sialic acid was present in both 7F10-irm and AB+m. 7F10-irm and AB+m are mutually exclusive sialylated mucoglycoproteins that are significantly induced in AR and CF but not in NAR.
Classroom 2000: An experiment with the instrumentation of a living educational environment (1999)

One potentially useful feature of future computing environments will be the ability to capture the live experiences of the occupants and to provide that record to users for later access and review. Over the last three years, a group at the Georgia Institute of Technology has designed and extensively used a particular instrumented environment: a classroom that captures the traditional lecture experience. This paper describes the history of the Classroom 2000 project and provides results of extended evaluations of the effect of automated capture on the teaching and learning experience. There are many important lessons to take away from this long-term, large-scale experiment with a living, ubiquitous computing environment. The environment should address issues of scale and extensibility, it should continuously be evaluated for effectiveness, and the ways in which the environment both improves and hinders the activity that it aims to support—in our case, education—need to be understood and acted upon. In d escribing our experiences and lessons learned, we hope to motivate other researchers to take more seriously the challenge of ubiquitous computing—the creation and exploration of the everyday use of computationally rich environments.
Excess Number of Bladder Cancers in Workers Exposed to Ortho-Toluidine and Aniline (1991)

A retrospective cohort study of the incidence of bladder cancer was conducted in response to a union request for an evaluation of a possible excess number of cases of bladder cancer at a chemical plant in western New York State. Workers at the plant were exposed to two potential bladder carcinogens--ortho-toluidine (o-toluidine) and aniline. Incidence rates of bladder cancer among workers at the plant were compared with those of the population of New York State (excluding New York City). Among all 1749 workers at the plant, 13 cases of bladder cancer were observed versus 3.61 expected [standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 3.60; 90% confidence interval (CI) = 2.13-5.73]. Among the 708 workers who worked in areas in which o-toluidine and aniline were used, 7 cases were observed versus 1.08 expected (SIR = 6.48; 90% CI = 3.04-12.2). Among the 288 maintenance, shipping, and janitorial workers thought to have been possibly exposed, 4 cases were observed versus 1.09 expected (SIR = 3.66; 90% CI = 1.25-8.37). Among the remaining 753 workers who were probably not exposed, 2 bladder cancers were observed versus 1.43 expected (SIR = 1.39; 90% CI = 0.25-4.39). Increased risk of bladder cancer was strongly associated with increased duration of employment in the department where o-toluidine and aniline were used (P less than .001). Among workers with 10 or more years of employment in the department, the SIR was 27.2 (90% CI = 11.8-53.7). o-Toluidine is an animal carcinogen more potent than aniline and is known to produce bladder tumors in rats; hence, it is more likely that o-toluidine is responsible for the observed excess number of cases of bladder cancer, although aniline may have played a role.
Changes in payments markets, past, present and future: a comparison between Australia and the UK (2000)

Reports on research into the payments markets of both Australia and the UK, in the context of the concept of relationship marketing. It compares the evolution of the various types of payment; cash, paper cheques, debit and credit cards and examines the linkages with relationship marketing from both a market‐based approach, to investigate whether data derived from consumer payments can form the basis of a relationship, and from a network‐based approach, to consider how new entrants to the payments market can establish relationships between organisations. Conclusions on this study are then followed by some thoughts on the directions for future research.
Palladium-catalyzed reaction of vinyl triflates and vinyl/aryl halides with 4-alkynoic acids: regio- and stereoselective synthesis of (E)-.delta.-vinyl/aryl-.gamma.-methylene-.gamma.-butyrolactones (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed reaction of vinyl triflates and vinyl/aryl halides with 4-alkynoic acids: regio- and stereoselective synthesis of (E)-.delta.-vinyl/aryl-.gamma.-methylene-.gamma.-butyrolactonesAntonio Arcadi, Alfredo Burini, Sandro Cacchi, Monica Delmastro, Fabio Marinelli, and Bianca Rosa PietroniCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3, 976–982Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00029a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00029a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views700Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts