gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of new p(n,k) polyphase pulse compression codes (1994)

P(n,k) codes as a new class of polyphase pulse compression codes are introduced and analyzed in detail. The P(n,k) codes are conceptually derived by step approximation of the phase function of a nonlinear-frequency modulated (NLFM) Chirp signal with a favorable energy density spectrum. The significant advantages of P(n,k) codes over conventional polyphase codes are lower autocorrelation sidelobes and an improved tolerance of low Doppler shifts and precompression bandwidth limitations. The primary disadvantage of the P(n,k) codes over conventional codes is a loss in range resolution. The uniform P(n,k) codes are especially attractive for radars employing digital signal professing because their favorable correlation properties also remain when quantization effects are taken into account.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Techniques in Epilepsy Surgery: The MNI Approach (2012)

Techniques in Epilepsy Surgery presents the operative procedures used in the treatment of intractable epilepsy in a practical, clinically relevant manner. Founded by pioneering neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield, the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) is a leading global centre of epilepsy surgery and this volume reflects the Institute's approach, combining traditional techniques with modern neuronavigation-based approaches. There is an emphasis on mastering the important trilogy of topographic, vascular and functional anatomy of the brain. The basic anatomical and physiological mechanisms underlying epilepsy are presented in a practical manner, along with the clinical seizure evaluation that leads to a surgical hypothesis. The consultation skills and investigations necessary for appropriate patient selection are discussed, as well as pitfalls and the avoidance of complications. This is an invaluable resource not only for neurosurgeons, neurosurgical residents and fellows in epilepsy surgery, but also for neurologists, and others who provide medical care for patients with intractable epilepsy
Protonic States and the Mechanism of Acid‐Catalysed Esterification (1965)

Abstract Protons can be very mobile in condensed phases; the length of time they are present in any one place is minute. The significance of proton mobility in the course of chemical reactions is considered in the case of acid‐catalysed esterification by the normal carbonyl addition mechanism. – The properties of the protons in the carboxylic acid/alcohol system can be discussed on the basis of a semiconductor term diagram. The high mobility of the catalysing protons in the semiconductor system suggests that formation of the esterification intermediates occurs in two reaction steps which proceed at different rates. In the first rapid step the transition state is reached by proton transfers via hydrogen bridges. The proton rearrangement involved proceeds so rapidly that the heavy molecular skeletons retain their mutual spatial positions (Franck‐Condon principle for proton‐catalysed reactions). In the second slower step, the intermediate is formed by rearrangement of the groups of atoms. – Decomposition of the intermediate, with formation of either the starting materials or the end products, proceeds via a mechanism similar to that for the formation.
Channel-Mediated Transport of Glucose across Lipid Bilayers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChannel-Mediated Transport of Glucose across Lipid BilayersJuan R. Granja and M. Reza GhadiriCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 23, 10785–10786Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00102a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00102a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1219Altmetric-Citations233LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface expression of the invariant chain (CD74) is independent of concomitant expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens. (1995)

Whether or not intracellular transport and surface expression of the invariant chain (Ii; CD74) occurs independent of the presence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules was examined by comparing the class II-negative mutant lymphoblastoid cell line 174 x CEM.T2 (T2) and its class II-positive parental cell line 174 x CEM.T1 (T1). We found a similar proportion of Ii being transported to the Golgi complex in T1 and T2, as monitored by the degree of sialic acid addition to glycan side chains of Ii. In agreement with this result, T1 and T2 expressed comparable amounts of Ii at the cell surface, as measured by flow cytometry. This indicates that, although not associated with class II molecules, a proportion of Ii is transported to the plasma membrane. Both in T1 and T2, surface Ii (sIi) was rapidly internalized with a half-life of 3-4 min, suggesting that some Ii enters the endocytic route via the cell surface after being internalized. Our data demonstrate transport of Ii on a route alternative to the endocytic pathway. This alternative route could also account for delivery of newly synthesized class II-Ii complexes to processing compartments in antigen-presenting cells.
Compressor Leading Edge Spikes: A New Performance Criterion (2010)

Compressor blades often have a small “spike” in the surface pressure distribution at the leading edge. This may result from blade erosion, manufacture defects, or compromises made in the original design process. This paper investigates the effect of these spikes on profile loss, and presents a criterion to ensure they are not detrimental to compressor performance. In the first part of the paper, two geometries of leading edge are tested. One has a small spike, typical of those found on modern compressors; the other has no spike, characteristic of an idealized leading edge. Testing was undertaken on the stator of a single-stage low speed compressor. The time resolved boundary layer was measured using a hot-wire microtraversing system. It is shown that the presence of the small spike changes the time resolved transition process on the suction surface, but that this results in no net increase in loss. In the second part of the paper, spike height is systematically changed using a range of leading edge geometries. It is shown that below a critical spike height, the profile loss is constant. If the critical spike height is exceeded, the leading edge separates and profile loss rises by 30%. Finally, a criterion is developed, based on the total diffusion across the spike. Three different leading edge design philosophies are investigated. It is shown that if the spike diffusion factor is kept below 0.1 over the blade’s incidence range, performance is unaffected by leading edge geometry.
La estructura de dependencia del precio de las acciones en la identificación de grupos estratégicos: aplicación al sector bancario español (1993)

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en identificar grupos estrategicos en una industriaa partir de las cotizaciones bursatiles. La hipotesis de partida es que el comovimiento de los residuos de ciertas acciones, una vez eliminados en la rentabilidad los efectos del mercado y de la industria, delataria la existencia de dimensiones economicas compartidas y de respuestas comunes a ciertos fenomenos no sistematicos que caracterizarian la pertenencia de determinadas empresas a un mismo grupo estrategico. La metodologia utilizada consta basicamente de dos etapas. En la primera se utilizan los modelos factoriales de la teoria financiera en orden a obtener los residuos, y en la segunda se emplean tecnicas estadisticas de agrupamiento para encontrar conjuntos de empresas cuyos residuos tienden a comportarse de forma similar a lo largo del tiempo. Como resultado de la aplicacion de esta metodologia al sector bancario espanol se identifican tres grupos estrategicos, y se prueba la relativa inestabilidad de la estratificacion intraindustrial estimada en el periodo considerado.
Statisch unbestimmte Systeme (1982)

ZusammenfassungStatisch unbestimmt oder besser statisch unbestimmbar heißen solche Konstruktionen, in denen nicht alle für die Festigkeitsberechnung erforderlichen Schnittgrößen (Biegemomente, Längs- und Querkräfte, Torsionsmomente) allein mit Hilfe der statischen Gleichgewichtsbedingungen bestimmt werden können.
Moving Target Tracking Algorithm Based on Scale Invariant Optical Flow Method (2016)

Aiming at the dynamic changes of objects and movement scene when the objects are tracked, this thesis proposes the target track algorithm which combines SIFT and optical flow, and improves template updating strategy. The standard SIFT method extracts characteristic values which is scale invariant and rotation invariant. In the matching process, KD tree (k-dimensional tree) and the BBF (Best Bin First) algorithm can be used in searching. In the process of updating, in order to solve the phenomenon about frequently updated template to the template drift, the idea of updating the template when the tracking number changes to a certain extent is put forward. The optical flow field is used in locating the feature point of positive weight in the trace template only. The result show that compared with the optical flow, the algorithm in this thesis is less complicated in estimating the moving time of the feature points and can achieve better tracking. The algorithm in this thesis is easy to achieve and it has good robustness to the movement of significant.
Electronic mode stirring for reverberation chambers (1994)

A modal analysis and a uniform-field approximation are presented for the fields in an idealized two-dimensional, rectangular cavity excited by an electric line source. The model is used to evaluate the effectiveness of frequency stirring, an alternative to mechanical stirring in reverberation chamber immunity measurements. Numerical results indicate that good field uniformity (standard deviation less than 1 dB) can be obtained with a bandwidth of 10 MHz at a center frequency of 4 GHz. The bandwidth requirement is determined primarily by the number of modes excited, and higher frequencies can achieve the same field uniformity with a smaller bandwidth because of the higher mode density. Cavity excitation by two single-frequency sources is also analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Water Activity-Mediated Control of Crystalline Phases of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (2007)

A systematic investigation of the polymorph−hydrate system for Compound I was carried out with the objective of understanding the phase relationships between the different forms as it relates to crystallization conditions. The ternary phase diagram was determined from solubility and KF measurements of the supernatant liquor for Compound I−water−ethanol mixtures. Water concentrations were converted to water activities using the NRTL-RK model as implemented in ASPEN Properties. These water activities were then used in defining phase boundaries between anhydrous and the various hydrated forms of Compound I. Since the critical water activity at the phase boundaries between anhydrous and hydrated forms in water−cosolvent systems is independent of the nature of the cosolvent it can be used to extrapolate the water concentrations defining ternary phase boundaries in any other cosolvent−water system. This was demonstrated in the cases of acetonitrile−water and dimethyl acetamide−water. Triple points (anhydrate−hydrate−solvent) were estimated in these two cosolvent−water systems. Two representative crystallizations in these crystallization solvents produced a hemihydrate in 15% acetonitrile−water, and the tetrahydrate in 15% dimethyl acetamide−water, both of which were predicted by the phase diagrams in these systems. The importance of this work lies in obviating the need for phase equilibria measurements in every cosolvent−water system used in crystallization processes. Additionally the crystal structure of hemihydrate was solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the binding mode of water in the lattice elucidates the thermal and hygroscopicity behavior of this form. In addition the crystal structure unambiguously identified the hemihydrate and enabled the design on an appropriate crystallization process incorporating aw as a major variable.
Resistance of Chickens to Cecal Coccidiosis (1943)

IT HAS been known for many years that chickens reared under average flock conditions develop a high degree of resistance to cecal coccidiosis. Recent studies have indicated that such a resistance may be produced experimentally by the administration to chickens of sporulated oöcysts. Beach and Corl (1925) reported that a group of four-week-old birds that had survived an experimental infection with Eimeria avium2 were resistant to a subsequent inoculation of oöcysts, since they failed to develop symptoms of the disease. Johnson (1927b) presented data to show that a high degree of resistance to cecal coccidiosis could be produced experimentally by the inoculation of sporulated oöcysts and that this resistance was closely correlated with the number of oöcysts administered. This investigator demonstrated that the administration of 2,000 sporulated oöcysts daily for a month or more produced a high degree of resistance in all surviving fowls. Two fowls to which he had . . .
The Scientific Basis for Probiotic Strains of <i>Lactobacillus</i> (1999)

While many Lactobacillus strains have been promoted as good probiotics for human usage, there are relatively few with substantial supporting in vitro and human data. Biotherapeutic properties and mechanisms of action are too often lacking, and arguably too many human studies are undertaken or contemplated with strains which have not been thoroughly characterized with respect to the intended site of insertion. There are a few notable exceptions, including those described in this review, which have been well studied, and the findings have been documented in peer-reviewed journals. With respect to site of action and speciation, it is premature to suggest that certain species will function in only one site, although L. reuteri is rarely found in the vagina and likely will be better suited to intestinal application.

The challenge in the future will be to better understand how these seven organisms, and indeed other purported probiotic lactobacilli, interact within the microbial biofilms of the intestine and urogenital tract and how they and indigenous members of the normal flora restore and maintain health. Recent advances in the study of biofilms, such as use of confocal microscopy and the discovery of cell-to-cell signaling, will provide useful road maps for investigating the interactions between exogenous and indigenous lactobacilli and intestinal and urogenital biofilms.

With the increased evidence of multidrug resistance among pathogens and a continued failure to manage gastrointestinal virus infections, plus a desire by consumers to use natural methods for health maintenance rather than long-term chemotherapeutic agents, the time is right for probiotics to be taken seriously. It is also time for scientists to provide the data which give a basis and mechanism of action for the human utilization of well-studied organisms.
Simultaneous determination of nalbuphine and its prodrug sebacoly dinalbuphine ester in human plasma by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic study in humans (2013)

A rapid, simple, sensitive and selective ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of nalbuphine and its prodrug sebacoly dinalbuphine ester (SDE) was developed and validated in human plasma. The sample pretreatment involves basification and iterative liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl-ether-dichloromethane (7:3, v/v) solution, followed by LC separation and positive electrospray ionization (ESI) API-3000 mass spectrometry detection. The chromatography was on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH HILIC column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 µm). The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water (83:17, v/v) that contained 0.2% formic acid and 4 mm ammonium formate at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. Ethylmorphine and naloxine were selected as the SDE and nalbuphine internal standard (IS), respectively. The calibration curve for both was linear over the range from 0.05 to 20 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients ≥0.995. The lower limit of quantification was set at 0.05 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision values for nalbuphine and SDE were acceptable as per FDA guidelines. The method was applied successfully to determine nalbuphine concentration in human plasma samples obtained from four Taiwanese volunteers receiving intramuscularly administration of sebacoyl dinalbuphine ester. The method is sensitive, selective and directly applicable to human pharmacokinetic studies involving nalbuphine.
Superconducting sector magnets for a flux-coupled isochronous cyclotron stack (2003)

A flux-coupled stack of 800 MeV isochronous cyclotrons is being designed as a basis for accelerator-driven thorium-cycle fission power. The sector magnet consists of a stack of independently suspended cold-iron cores (each with its superconducting coil closely coupled), and a warm-iron flux return that contains and supports the stack of cores. This design makes it feasible to provide multiple independent cyclotrons within a common, compact structure.
The motor cortex drives the muscles during walking in human subjects (2012)

Indirect evidence that the motor cortex and the corticospinal tract contribute to the control of walking in human subjects has been provided in previous studies. In the present study we used coherence analysis of the coupling between EEG and EMG from active leg muscles during human walking to address if activity arising in the motor cortex contributes to the muscle activity during gait. Nine healthy human subjects walked on a treadmill at a speed of 3.5–4 km h(-1). Seven of the subjects in addition walked at a speed of 1 km h(-1). Significant coupling between EEG recordings over the leg motor area and EMG from the anterior tibial muscle was found in the frequency band 24–40 Hz prior to heel strike during the swing phase of walking. This signifies that rhythmic cortical activity in the 24–40 Hz frequency band is transmitted via the corticospinal tract to the active muscles during walking. These findings demonstrate that the motor cortex and corticospinal tract contribute directly to the muscle activity observed in steady-state treadmill walking.
The class II histone deacetylase HDAC4 regulates cognitive, metabolic and endocrine functions through its expression in osteoblasts (2014)

These results provide a more in depth molecular understanding of the regulation of the endocrine functions of the osteoblast, and suggest the existence of additional hormones synthesized by osteoblasts that also regulate appetite.
Biphasic effects of hyposmotic challenge on excitation-contraction coupling in rat ventricular myocytes (2000)

The effects of short (1 min) and long (7-10 min) exposure to hyposmotic solution on excitation-contraction coupling in rat ventricular myocytes were studied. After short exposure, the action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD(90)), the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) transient amplitude, and contraction increased, whereas the L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca, L)) amplitude decreased. Fractional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) release increased but SR Ca(2+) load did not. After a long exposure, I(Ca,L), APD(90), [Ca(2+)](i) transient amplitude, and contraction decreased. The abbreviation of APD(90) was partially reversed by 50 microM DIDS, which is consistent with the participation of Cl(-) current activated by swelling. After 10-min exposure to hyposmotic solution in cells labeled with di-8-aminonaphthylethenylpyridinium, t-tubule patterning remained intact, suggesting the loss of de-t-tubulation was not responsible for the fall in I(Ca,L). After long exposure, Ca(2+) load of the SR was not increased, and swelling had no effect on the site-specific phosphorylation of phospholamban, but fractional SR Ca(2+) release was depressed. The initial positive inotropic response to hyposmotic challenge may be accounted for by enhanced coupling between Ca(2+) entry and release. The negative inotropic effect of prolonged exposure can be accounted for by shortening of the action potential duration and a fall in the I(Ca,L) amplitude.
Intracellular Agrobacterium can transfer DNA to the cell nucleus of the host plant. (1995)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a Gram-negative, soil-borne bacterium responsible for the crown gall disease of plants. The galls result from genetic transformation of plant cells by the bacteria. Genes located on the transferred DNA (T-DNA), which is part of the large tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of Agrobacterium, are integrated into host plant chromosomes and expressed. This transfer requires virulence (vir) genes that map outside the T-DNA on the Ti plasmid and that encode a series of elaborate functions that appear similar to those of interbacterial plasmid transfer. It remains a major challenge to understand how T-DNA moves from Agrobacterium into the plant cell nucleus, in view of the complexity of obstacles presented by the eukaryotic host cell. Specific anchoring of bacteria to the outer surface of the plant cell seems to be an important prelude to the mobilization of the T-DNA/protein complex from the bacterial cell to the plant cell. However, the precise mode of infection is not clear, although a requirement of wounded cells has been documented. By using a microinjection approach, we show here that the process of T-DNA transfer from the bacteria to the eukaryotic nucleus can occur entirely inside the plant cell. Such transfer is absolutely dependent on induction of vir genes and a functional virB operon. Thus, A. tumefaciens can function as an intracellular infectious agent in plants.