gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable FPGA Refurbishment Using Netlist-Driven Evolutionary Algorithms (2013)

In this work, Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) reconfigurability is exploited to realize autonomous fault recovery in mission-critical applications at runtime. The proposed Netlist-Driven Evolutionary Refurbishment technique utilizes design-time information from the circuit netlist to constrain the search space of the algorithm by up to 98.1 percent in terms of the chromosome length representing reconfigurable logic elements. This facilitates refurbishment of relatively large-sized FPGA circuits as compared to previous works. Hence, the scalability issue associated with Evolvable Hardware-Based refurbishment is addressed and improved. Experiments are conducted with multiple circuits from the MCNC benchmark suite to validate the approach and assess its benefits and limitations. Successful refurbishment of the apex4 circuit having a total of 1,252 LUTs with 10 percent spares is achieved in as few as 633 generations on average when subjected to simulated randomly injected single stuck-at faults. Moreover, the use of design-time information about the circuit undergoing refurbishment is validated as means to increase the tractability of dynamic evolvable hardware techniques.
Photostability of Abamectin/Zein Microspheres (1997)

Abamectin, a natural product pesticide that degrades rapidly in air and sunlight, has been encapsulated with the protein zein. The result was a mineral oil suspension that included a photostabilized abamectin. After exposure to simulated sunlight, the microsphere suspension provided a several-fold increase in recoverable abamectin residue. The enhanced photostability of the microspheres is due to retarded reaction between oxygen and the diene chromophore of abamectin, in the presence of light. The zein could function as a quencher of singlet oxygen and/or a physical oxygen barrier. Keywords: Abamectin; photostability; zein; encapsulation
Atomically Precise Noble Metal Nanoclusters as Efficient Catalysts: A Bridge between Structure and Properties (2019)

Improving the knowledge of the relationship between structure and properties is fundamental in catalysis. Recently, researchers have developed a variety of well-controlled methods to synthesize <i>atomically precise metal nanoclusters</i> (NCs). NCs have shown high catalytic activity and unique selectivity in many catalytic reactions, which are related to their ultrasmall size, abundant unsaturated active sites, and unique electronic structure different from that of traditional nanoparticles (NPs). More importantly, because of their definite structure and monodispersity, they are used as model catalysts to reveal the correlation between catalyst performance and structure at the atomic scale. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the recent progress on NCs in catalysis and provide potential theoretical guidance for the rational design of high-performance catalysts. First a brief summary of the synthetic strategies and characterization methods of NCs is provided. Then the primary focus of this review-the model catalyst role of NCs in catalysis-is illustrated from theoretical and experimental perspectives, particularly in electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, photoelectric conversion, and catalysis of organic reactions. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities are examined for a deep understanding of the key catalytic steps with the goal of expanding the catalytic application range of NCs.
Effect of cyclosporin A on immunological response in lungs of guinea pigs infected with Trichinella spiralis. (2002)

The effects of cyclosporin A (CsA), a potent immunosuppressive drug with antiparasitic activity, on the innate immunological response in guinea pig lungs during an early period (6th and 14th days) after T. spiralis infection were studied. CsA treatment of T. spiralis-infected guinea pigs caused a significant attenuation of immunological response in lungs by decreasing lymphocyte infiltration into pulmonary alveolar space, inhibiting alveolar macrophage superoxide anion production and lowering both the production of NO metabolites measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and expression of the iNOS protein in lung homogenates, allowing us to speculate that the T. spiralis-dependent immunological response is dependent on lymphocyte T function. Interestingly, CsA itself had a pro-inflammatory effect, promoting leucocyte accumulation and macrophage superoxide production in guinea pig lungs. This observation may have a relevance to the situation in patients undergoing CsA therapy. Macrophage expression of the iNOS protein, evaluated by immunoblotting was not influenced by treatment of animals with CsA or anti-TGF-antibody, indicating different regulation of the guinea pig and murine enzymes.
Photochemical Attachment of <i>lac</i> Repressor to Bromodeoxyuridine-Substituted <i>lac</i> Operator by Ultraviolet Radiation (1974)

The transducing phage lambdah80dlac carries the lac operator, whereas wild-type lambdah80 does not. We find that in high salt (0.18 M KCl), ultraviolet radiation causes the formation of a very stable complex between repressor and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-substituted lambdah80dlac but not to BrdU-lambdah80 DNA. Studies with inducers of the lac operon confirm the specificity of attachment. In low slat (0.01 M KCl), ultraviolet radiation will also attach repressor nonspecifically to BrdU-lambdah80 DNA. The stability of the complex suggests that covalent bonds are formed. We also report that another regulatory protein, the catabolite gene activator protein, can be attached similarly to DNA.
Direct Measurement of the Poisson’s Ratio of Human Patella Cartilage in Tension (2002)

Articular cartilage has been shown to exhibit large transverse contractions when loaded in tension, suggesting the existence of large values for the Poisson's ratio. Previous studies have suggested that this effect is dependent on amplitude of applied strain, so that a single Poisson's ratio may not be sufficient to describe cartilage behavior. In this study, the Poisson's ratio (v), toe region modulus (Eo), and linear region modulus (E) of human patellar articular cartilage were calculated in simple tension tests from optical analysis of the two-dimensional strain fields at equilibrium. The Poisson's ratio was found to be independent of strain due to the absence of viscoelastic effects during testing. The Poisson's ratio was found to be significantly higher in the surface zone (1.87 +/- 1.11, p<0.01) than in the middle zone (0.62 +/- 0.23), with no significant correlation of v with age of the cartilage. In general, values for Poisson's ratio were greater than 0.5, suggesting cartilage behavior in tension deviates from isotropy. Reported values for the Poisson's ratio of cartilage in compression have been much lower than values measured here in tension, reflecting a mechanical contribution of the collagen fibers to anisotropy in tension but not compression. The toe-region modulus (Eo) was significantly higher in the surface zone (4.51 +/- 2.78 MPa, n=8) compared to the middle zone (2.51 +/- 1.93 MPa, n=10). In addition, the linear-region modulus (E) in the surface zone, but not middle zone (3.42 +/- 2.17 MPa, n=10), was found to correlate with age (R=0.97, p<0.02) with values of surface zone E equal to 23.92 +/- 12.29 MPa (n=5) for subjects under 70 yr of age, and 4.27 +/- 2.89 MPa (n=3) for subjects over 70 yr. Moduli values and trends with depth were consistent with previous studies of human and animal cartilage. From direct measures of two independent material properties, v and E, we calculated a shear modulus, G, which had not been previously reported for cartilage from tensile testing. Calculated values for surface zone G were 3.64 +/- 1.80 MPa for subjects under 70 yr old and 0.96 +/- 0.69 MPa for subjects over 70 yr old, and were significantly higher in the surface zone than in the middle zone (1.10 +/- 0.78 MPa). This study provides an intrinsic measure for the Poisson's ratio of articular cartilage and its dependence on depth which will be important in understanding the nonlinear tension-compression and anisotropic behaviors of articular cartilage.
Migraine ‐ Cluster Headache Syndrome (1985)

SYNOPSIS The migraine‐cluster headache syndrome is defined as headaches that are predominately of one type but with at least one major timing factor plus three lesser features of the other or five lesser features of the other (no more than one of the opposing features is a weak differential feature). The most important factors distinguishing migraine (M) from cluster headache (CH) are the timing of attacks (random occurrence versus clustering, frequency, duration, hour of onset) and the prodromal phenomena which occur with classical M, but are rarely seen with CH. Somewhat less significant differentiating characteristics are the associated symptoms of ipsilateral eye redness and tearing, nasal congestion and secretion, and partial Horner's syndrome which often accompany CH, in contrast to the symptoms of nausea and vomiting commonly associated with M. Also helpful in establishing the diagnosis are the quality, site and recurrent laterality of the pain, as well as its aggravating and ameliorating factors. Weak features in the differential diagnosis of M and CH are age of onset, sex, family history, and response to therapy. Patients with M or CH seen at the Headache Unit of Montefiore Medical Center during the past two years were evaluated for the occurrence of the migraine‐cluster headache syndrome. Nine (1.0%) of 923 patients with M had 4 or more features of CH and 5 (3.2%) of 154 patients with CH had 4 or 5 characteristics of M. In 4 patients symptoms of M and CH were blended in such a way neither headache predominated.
Internetwork handover performance analysis in a GSM-satellite integrated mobile communication system (1997)

This paper evaluates the internetwork handover performance in a GSM and satellite integrated mobile communication system. The performance evaluation is based on an analytical model developed for internetwork handover. The handover performance parameters considered are the handover position, unnecessary handover probability, and call-dropping probability. Handover initiation is based on the signal level and distance measurement. The results are compared with those of the GSM handover performance. The analysis shows that the performance achieved in internetwork handover can be similar to those of the GSM handover with the considered handover initiation scheme.
Purity specification methods for ionic liquids (2008)

In the last decade, ionic liquids have shown great promise in a plethora of applications. However, little attention has been paid to the characterisation of the purity of these fluids, which has ultimately led to non-reproducible data in the literature. In order to facilitate specification of ionic liquids, a number of analytical protocols with their limits of detection (where available) have been compiled, including methods of other authors. In particular, quantitative methods have been developed and summarised for the determination of the total ionic liquid content, residual unreacted ionic liquid starting material and by-products (amines, alkylating agents, inorganic halides), solvents from extraction procedures and water, in addition to decomposition products and total volatiles.
Double-stranded RNA-mediated gene silencing in fission yeast (2003)

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can specifically inhibit gene expression in a variety of organisms by invoking post-transcriptional degradation of homologous mRNA. Here we show that dsRNA-mediated gene regulation also occurs in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We present evidence that: (i) reporter gene silencing is significantly enhanced when additional non-coding sense RNA is co-expressed with antisense RNA; (ii) expression of a panhandle RNA also silences target gene expression; (iii) expression of dsRNA is associated with siRNAs; (iv) a novel host-encoded factor which enhances antisense RNA gene silencing also enhances panhandle RNA-mediated gene inhibition. Both the exogenously introduced lacZ and c-myc genes are shown to be susceptible to dsRNA- mediated gene silencing in this model. Taken together, these data indicate that RNA-mediated gene silencing can occur through a RNAi-like mechanism in fission yeast.
Physiological principles for the effective use of color (1984)

Some broad principles for the effective use of color are established on the basis of the mechanisms of human color perception. Some functional relationships that should improve the visual effectiveness of color display are derived.
High-speed, high-horsepower electric motors for pipeline compressors: available ASD technology, reliability, harmonic control (1995)

At a time when the US natural gas pipeline infrastructure needs to be upgraded with new high-horsepower compressors to meet additional capacity demands, there exists an electric motor technology suitable for the task. The power electronic adjustable speed drive (ASD) controlled electric motor offers superior economics of initial, operating and maintenance costs compared to natural gas powered equipment. Natural gas pipeline deregulation is causing pipeline operators to evaluate electric drives as an alternative to gas driven equipment. This paper provides a needed summary of the potential for load building that is being offered to the electric power industry by the economics of the deregulated natural gas transmission industry. The gas transmission industry needs to upgrade equipment for more capacity. The new high speed electric motor technology discussed in this paper provides means for upgrading, at a fraction of the life cycle costs of conventional gas powered equipment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Synthesis and Transition Temperatures of Novel Low Molar Mass Cholesteric Materials Derived from (<i>R</i>—(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)propanoic Acid (1992)

Abstract A comprehensive series of (R—(4-substituted-phenoxy)propanoates and (R—(4-substituted-phenoxy)propanonitriles have been prepared. A wide variety of 4-substituents and ester functions have been examined to determine how the position of the chiral centre affects the cholesteric phase formation in these classes of materials; the synthesis of these novel materials, their transition temperatures and a procedure for assessing their optical purity are described and discussed. Mesogenicity is significantly depressed if the chiral centre is placed centrally within the molecule.
<i>iMapper</i>: a web application for the automated analysis and mapping of insertional mutagenesis sequence data against Ensembl genomes (2008)

iMapper is web based and can be accessed at http://www.sanger.ac.uk/cgi-bin/teams/team113/imapper.cgi.
The role of arginyl residues in porphyrin binding to ferrochelatase. (1986)

The role of cationic amino acid residues in the binding of porphyrin substrates by purified bovine ferrochelatase (protoheme ferro-lyase, EC 4.99.1.1) have been examined via chemical modification with camphorquinone-10-sulfonic acid, phenylglyoxal, butanedione, and trinitrobenzene sulfonate. The data obtained show that modification of arginyl, but not lysyl, residues results in the rapid inactivation of ferrochelatase. The 2,4-disulfonate deuteroporphyrin, which is a competitive inhibitor of mammalian ferrochelatase, protects the enzyme against inactivation. Ferrous iron has no protective effect. Reaction with radiolabeled phenylglyoxal shows that modification of 1 arginyl residue causes maximum inhibition of enzyme activity. The inactivation does not follow simple pseudo-first order reaction kinetics, but is distinctly biphasic in nature. Comparison of the enzyme kinetics for modified versus unmodified enzyme show that modification with camphorquinone-10-sulfonic acid has no effect on the Km for iron but does alter the Km for porphyrin.
A Memory Network Approach for Story-Based Temporal Summarization of 360° Videos (2018)

We address the problem of story-based temporal summarization of long 360° videos. We propose a novel memory network model named Past-Future Memory Network (PFMN), in which we first compute the scores of 81 normal field of view (NFOV) region proposals cropped from the input 360° video, and then recover a latent, collective summary using the network with two external memories that store the embeddings of previously selected subshots and future candidate subshots. Our major contributions are twofold. First, our work is the first to address story-based temporal summarization of 360° videos. Second, our model is the first attempt to leverage memory networks for video summarization tasks. For evaluation, we perform three sets of experiments. First, we investigate the view selection capability of our model on the Pano2Vid dataset [42]. Second, we evaluate the temporal summarization with a newly collected 360° video dataset. Finally, we experiment our model's performance in another domain, with image-based storytelling VIST dataset [22]. We verify that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on all the tasks.
The Two Faces of Counseling: Or is it Three? (1993)

The nature of career counseling, counseling, and psychotherapy is considered, as is the use of the terms counseling and psychotherapy in the works of Carl Rogers as illustration of the cause of confusion in our terminology. It is suggested here that there are two kinds of counseling, situational and personal, and that these are not dichotomous but rather a continuum.
Structure of an mdr-like gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. Evolutionary implications. (1992)

Multidrug resistance of mammalian tumor cells is caused by the enhanced expression of P-glycoproteins. These proteins are encoded by mdr genes and mediate the energy-dependent efflux of a variety of lipophilic drugs from cells. To test whether in plants mdr-like genes might be involved in certain cases of cross-resistance to different herbicides, we have cloned and characterized a gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, atpgp1, encoding a putative P-glycoprotein homologue. Like the mammalian P-glycoproteins, with which it shares extensive sequence homology and a similar organization in structural domains, this protein is internally duplicated. Seven of the nine introns in the atpgp1 gene match introns in the mammalian mdr genes to within a few nucleotides, and the positions of these suggest that P-glycoprotein genes evolved by duplication and subsequent fusion of an intron-containing primordial gene prior to the evolutionary separation of plants and mammals. The atpgp1 gene gives rise to transcripts present in all plant parts but particularly abundant in inflorescence axes.
Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria: Evaluation of the Redesigned (Version 96) bioMerieux ATB ANA Device (1999)

We compared the susceptibility results for 200 clinical anaerobes with nine antibiotics obtained by using a new ATB ANA (bioMérieux) device against those obtained by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) standard agar dilution method. For better evaluation of the device, we added some resistant Bacteroides fragilis group strains from our own collection: 3, 6, and 12 strains that were resistant to imipenem, ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid, and co-amoxiclav, respectively, and 2 other strains with decreased susceptibility to metronidazole. For some strains that did not grow on ATB S medium, tests were performed by using West-Wilkins medium supplemented with 1.5% agar. The new ATB ANA device made clinical categorization of the investigated strains possible, according to French (Committee of the Antibiogram of the French Society of Microbiology) or U.S. (NCCLS) breakpoints, with the following respective results: category agreement, 94.3 and 94.9%; minor errors, 4.8 and 3.8%; major errors, 0.4 and 0.8%; and very major errors 4.6 and 4.2%. The ATB ANA device was able to detect low-level metronidazole-resistant B. fragilis strains according to the French breakpoints but not the NCCLS ones. For B. fragilis and beta-lactamase-positive Prevotella strains, the clustering effect of amoxicillin MICs around the French breakpoints led to more frequent minor errors. ATB ANA is a very convenient method to determine the antibiotic susceptibilities of anaerobes. Results obtained by ATB ANA correlated well with those obtained by the reference method.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Mediates a Reciprocal Signaling Pathway between Stellate Cells and Cancer Cells that Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Growth (2014)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is produced by sphingosine kinase 1 and is implicated in tumor growth, although the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) reside within the tumor microenvironment and may regulate tumor progression. We hypothesized that S1P activates PSCs to release paracrine factors, which, in turn, increase cancer cell invasion and growth. We used a combination of human tissue, in vitro, and in vivo studies to mechanistically evaluate this concept. Sphingosine kinase 1 was overexpressed in human pancreatic tissue, especially within tumor cells. S1P activated PSCs in vitro and conditioned medium from S1P-stimulated PSCs, increased pancreatic cancer cell migration, and invasion, which was dependent on S1P2, ABL1 (alias c-Abl) kinase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. In vivo studies showed that pancreatic cancer cells co-implanted with S1P2 receptor knockdown PSCs led to less cancer growth and metastasis in s.c. and orthotopic pancreatic cancer models compared with control PSCs. Pancreatic cancer cell-derived S1P activates PSCs to release paracrine factors, including matrix metalloproteinase-9, which reciprocally promotes tumor cell migration and invasion in vitro and cancer growth in vivo.
Dynamic resource demand prediction and allocation in multi‐tenant service clouds (2016)

Summary Cloud computing is emerging as an increasingly popular computing paradigm, allowing dynamic scaling of resources available to users as needed. This requires a highly accurate demand prediction and resource allocation methodology that can provision resources in advance, thereby minimizing the virtual machine downtime required for resource provisioning. In this paper, we present a dynamic resource demand prediction and allocation framework in multi‐tenant service clouds. The novel contribution of our proposed framework is that it classifies the service tenants as per whether their resource requirements would increase or not; based on this classification, our framework prioritizes prediction for those service tenants in which resource demand would increase, thereby minimizing the time needed for prediction. Furthermore, our approach adds the service tenants to matched virtual machines and allocates the virtual machines to physical host machines using a best‐fit heuristic approach. Performance results demonstrate how our best‐fit heuristic approach could efficiently allocate virtual machines to hosts so that the hosts are utilized to their fullest capacity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical Second Harmonic Generation in Semiconductor Nanostructures (2012)

Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) studies of semiconductor nanostructures are reviewed. The second-order response data both predicted and observed on pure and oxidised silicon surfaces, planar Si(001)/SiO 2 heterostructures, and the results related to the direct-current-and strain-induced effects in SHG from the silicon surfaces as well are discussed. Remarkable progress in understanding the unique capabilities of nonlinear optical second harmonic generation spectroscopy as an advanced tool for nanostructures diagnostics is demonstrated.