gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of low-holding-voltage issue in high-voltage CMOS technology and the design of latchup-free power-rail ESD clamp circuit for LCD driver ICs (2005)

The holding voltage of the high-voltage devices in snapback breakdown condition has been found to be much smaller than the power supply voltage. Such characteristics will cause the LCD driver ICs to be susceptible to the latchup-like danger in the practical system applications, especially while these devices are used in the power-rail ESD clamp circuit. A new latchup-free design on the power-rail ESD clamp circuit with stacked-field-oxide structure is proposed and successfully verified in a 0.25-/spl mu/m 40-V CMOS process to achieve the desired ESD level. The total holding voltage of the stacked-field-oxide structure in snapback breakdown condition can be larger than the power supply voltage. Therefore, latchup or latchup-like issues can be avoided by stacked-field-oxide structures for the IC applications with power supply of 40 V.
Bluehive - A field-programable custom computing machine for extreme-scale real-time neural network simulation (2012)

Bluehive is a custom 64-FPGA machine targeted at scientific simulations with demanding communication requirements. Bluehive is designed to be extensible with a reconfigurable communication topology suited to algorithms with demanding high-bandwidth and low-latency communication, something which is unattainable with commodity GPGPUs and CPUs. We demonstrate that a spiking neuron algorithm can be efficiently mapped to Bluehive using Bluespec System Verilog by taking a communication-centric approach. This contrasts with many FPGA-based neural systems which are very focused on parallel computation, resulting in inefficient use of FPGA resources. Our design allows 64k neurons with 64M synapses per FPGA and is scalable to a large number of FPGAs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (Bis)sulfonic Acid, (Bis)benzamides as Follicle‐Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Antagonists. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ADD-ASPIRIN: A phase III, double-blind, placebo controlled, randomised trial assessing the effects of aspirin on disease recurrence and survival after primary therapy in common non-metastatic solid tumours (2016)

The Add-Aspirin trial investigates whether regular aspirin use after standard therapy prevents recurrence and prolongs survival in participants with four non-metastatic common solid tumours.
16.2: Influence of rough surface upon optical characteristics of reflective LCD with a polarizer (1998)

Abstract We have developed bright 260,000‐color “High Reflective TFT (HR‐TFT)” liquid crystal display (LCD) with diffused “Micro Reflective Structure (MRS)” inside a panel. In this paper, influences of rough surface upon the optical characteristics of the reflective type LCD are discussed.
RISK OF LYMPHOID NEOPLASIA AFTER CARDIOTHORACIC TRANSPLANTATION (2000)

The risk factors found for LPD accord with EBV etiology and with greater hazard from primary infection than from reactivation. A second non-Hodgkin's lymphoid neoplasm, not related to EBV, seems also to be a consequence of transplantation and immunosuppression but is unlikely to be due to first infection by a ubiquitous agent. Its etiology and prevention need investigation separately from LPD.
A visual programming language for visualization of scientific data (1992)

Today scientists are confronted with the problem of understanding and analyzing large masses of numeric scientific data. One solution to this problem is scientific visualization: converting the numeric data into pictures more readily understood by scientists. This thesis presents DataVis, a visual programming language that is designed to be used by scientists for the visualization of scientific data. Since DataVis is a visual language, DataVis programs and functions are primarily diagrams, rather than text. The language is based on the data flow computational model. DataVis provides a library of predefined programs and functions. Scientists transform data into pictures by connecting data icons to program icons. The program icons can be customized, extended, and composed using the same plumbing metaphor, and new program icons can be defined using the same metaphor. Thus, DataVis is both a set of finished programs for visualizing scientific data and an easy-to-use toolset for constructing more. It is a complete programming language, so there is no limit to the kinds of visualization tools that it can construct, but its programming language is built on the same metaphor as the user interface of its applications, so it is easy for non-programmers to learn.
Targeting autophagy by small molecule inhibitors of vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34) improves the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to Sunitinib (2018)

Resistance to chemotherapy is a challenging problem for treatment of cancer patients and autophagy has been shown to mediate development of resistance. In this study we systematically screened a library of 306 known anti-cancer drugs for their ability to induce autophagy using a cell-based assay. 114 of the drugs were classified as autophagy inducers; for 16 drugs, the cytotoxicity was potentiated by siRNA-mediated knock-down of Atg7 and Vps34. These drugs were further evaluated in breast cancer cell lines for autophagy induction, and two tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Sunitinib and Erlotinib, were selected for further studies. For the pharmacological inhibition of autophagy, we have characterized here a novel highly potent selective inhibitor of Vps34, SB02024. SB02024 blocked autophagy in vitro and reduced xenograft growth of two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, in vivo. Vps34 inhibitor significantly potentiated cytotoxicity of Sunitinib and Erlotinib in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 in vitro in monolayer cultures and when grown as multicellular spheroids. Our data suggests that inhibition of autophagy significantly improves sensitivity to Sunitinib and Erlotinib and that Vps34 is a promising therapeutic target for combination strategies in breast cancer.
A modified formula for the preparation of Stuart's Transport Medium. (1967)

STUART'S Transport this Medium (11, about 12) was adopted by this laboratory about 8 years ago as the standard procedure for submitting clinical specimens normally collected on swabs for bacteriological examination. The results have fully confirmed the favourable reports of other investigators, particularly with respect to the cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae , the purpose for which transport medium was originally developed. However, some modifications of the medium have been made, either for the sake of convenience of preparation or in order to avoid certain defects which became apparent when a statistical analysis of our records was made. With the new formula, here described in detail, many of these defects have been rectified. It is proper to refer to this new formula as Modified Stuart
[Change of cytochrome c in postconditioning attenuating ischemia-reperfusion-induced mucosal apoptosis in rat intestine]. (2010)

The present study aimed to investigate the change of cytochrome c in postconditioning-attenuated ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced mucosal apoptosis in rat intestine compared with ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Using rat model of intestine I/R injury, male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-250 g were divided into 4 groups which were Sham operation group, I/R group, IPC group and ischemic postconditioning (IPOST) group. In these groups, I/R procedure was performed by the occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 1 h. In Sham group, there was no intervention. In IPC group, SMA was occluded for 5 min and reperfused for 5 min, for two cycles, before the prolonged occlusion. In IPOST group, three cycles of 30-s reperfusion and 30-s reocclusion were preceded at the start of reperfusion. After the reperfusion, the small intestines were sampled for experimental detection. Intestinal mucosal mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Expressions of cytochrome c and caspase-3 proteins were detected using Western-blot method. The apoptosis of intestinal mucosal cells was determined with agarose gel electrophoresis and deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique. Compared with I/R group, the mitochondrial membrane potentials and the expressions of cytochrome c protein were significantly increased, while the expressions of caspase-3 and the apoptotic rates were decreased in IPOST and IPC groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between IPOST and IPC groups (P>0.05). These data provide substantial evidence that IPOST attenuates I/R-induced mucosal apoptosis by reducing the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria in the rat small intestine.
Stable isotope 15N-urea and clinical research in nephrology. (1990)

Stable isotope 15N-compound, 15N-urea, is useful marker to investigate nitrogen metabolism in clinical nephrology, particularly in chronic renal failure or dialysis. 15N-urea incorporation into plasma albumin in addition to plasma 15N disappearance was studied in 6 patients with endstage chronic renal failure. As a result, only minor fraction of administered 15N-urea was incorporated into albumin in this study. In addition, it was also confirmed that high energy diet may promote protein synthesis through 15N incorporation to plasma amino acids, such as alanine, in these patients with low protein meal. Therefore, administration of 15N-compound to human subjects may contribute to provide us the important informations on nitrogen metabolism. For instance, urea kinetics are described in the endstage chronic renal failure in this review. However, less expensive 15N-compounds should be provided and more simple but accurate measurement of 15N activity should be developed for the further clinical application of the stable isotope.
Mechanisms of Bimaterial Attachment at the Interface of Tendon to Bone (2010)

The material mismatch at the attachment of tendon to bone is amongst the most severe for any tensile connection in nature. Attaching dissimilar materials is a major challenge in engineering, and has proven to be a challenge in surgical practice as well. Here, we examine the material attachment schemes employed at this connection through the lens of solid mechanics. We identify four strategies to that the body adopts to achieve effective load transfer between tendon and bone: 1) a shallow attachment angle at the insertion of transitional tissue and bone, 2) shaping of gross tissue morphology of the transitional tissue, 3) interdigitation of bone with the transitional tissue, and 4) functional grading of transitional tissue between tendon and bone. We provide solutions to model problems that highlight the first two mechanisms, discuss the third qualitatively in the context of engineering practice, and provide a review of our earlier work on the fourth. We study these strategies both in terms of ways that biomimetic attachment might benefit engineering practice, and of ways that engineering experience might serve to improve surgical healing outcomes.
The <i>Escherichia coli cysG</i> promoter belongs to the ‘extended −10’ class of bacterial promoters (1993)

The Escherichia coli cysG promoter has been subcloned and shown to function constitutively in a range of different growth conditions. Point mutations identify the -10 hexamer and an important 5'-TGN-3' motif immediately upstream. The effects of different deletions suggest that specific sequences in the -35 region are not essential for the activity of this promoter in vivo. This conclusion was confirmed by in vitro run-off transcription assays. The DNAase I footprint of RNA polymerase at the cysG promoter reveals extended protection upstream of the transcript start, and studies with potassium permanganate as a probe suggest that the upstream region is distorted in open complexes. Taken together, the results show that the cysG promoter belongs to the 'extended -10' class of promoters, and the base sequence is similar to that of the P1 promoter of the E. coli galactose operon, another promoter in this class. In vivo, messenger initiated at the cysG promoter appears to be processed by cleavage at a site 41 bases downstream from the transcript start point.
Competition for neuronal resources: how hallucinations make themselves heard (2006)

This finding indicates competition between auditory stimuli and hallucinations for physiological resources in the primary auditory cortex. The abnormal activation of the primary auditory cortex may thus be a constituent of auditory hallucinations.
State of the art of glow discharge lamp spectrometry. Plenary lecture (1987)

The development of glow discharge sources for atomic spectroscopy is traced. The electrical characteristics of the analytically relevant sources, sample volatilisation and the predominant excitation and ionisation processes are discussed. The possibilities of using the Grimm-type glow discharge lamp with a flat cathode for the spectral emission analysis of compact metallic samples, for non-conducting powders, after mixing with metal powder and making into pellets and for in-depth profiling are described. New types of lamps and the features of glow discharges with hollow cathodes are evaluated. The use of glow discharges as atom reservoirs for atomic absorption and fluorescence spectrometry and recent advances in glow discharge mass spectrometry are also covered.
Compact high-gain short-horn antenna for UWB applications (2011)

A compact high-gain antenna with ultra wide bandwidth is proposed. A simple slot antenna offset fed by a microstrip line is used for excitation of short horn. Initial theoretical investigations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the short horn in gain enhancement. Results show a wide impedance bandwidth from 2.86 to 20 GHz with a peak gain of 14.53 dBi at 14 GHz while an average gain of 10.5 dBi has noticed from 3 to 10 GHz region.
Conditional expression of apical membrane antigen 1 in <scp> <i>P</i> </scp> <i>lasmodium falciparum</i> shows it is required for erythrocyte invasion by merozoites (2014)

Malaria is caused by obligate intracellular parasites, of which Plasmodium falciparum is the most lethal species. In humans, P. falciparum merozoites (invasive forms of the parasite) employ a host of parasite proteins to rapidly invade erythrocytes. One of these is the P. falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (PfAMA1) which forms a complex with rhoptry neck proteins at the tight junction. Here, we have placed the Pfama1 gene under conditional control using dimerizable Cre recombinase (DiCre) in P. falciparum. DiCre-mediated excision of the loxP-flanked Pfama1 gene results in approximately 80% decreased expression of the protein within one intraerythrocytic growth cycle. This reduces growth by 40%, due to decreased invasion efficiency characterized by a post-invasion defect in sealing of the parasitophorous vacuole. These results show that PfAMA1 is an essential protein for merozoite invasion in P. falciparum and either directly or indirectly plays a role in resealing of the red blood cell at the posterior end of the invasion event.
Resorcinol-formaldehyde-derived carbon aerogel films (2000)

Carbon aerogels derived from organic sol-gel process and supercritical drying are novel porous materials with interconnect structures and higher electrical conductivity, which are considered to be ideal electrode materials for supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries. The objective of the research was to synthesize carbon aerogel films at ambient conditions. Resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) and carbon aerogel films have been produced with extremely high RC ratio (molar ratio of resorcinol to catalyst) followed by subcritical drying. The structure of the porous films was investigated using electron scanning microscope. The specific surface area was measured by using nitrogen adsorption and electrical conductivity was measured with four-probe method. It was found that with extremely high RC ratio, the porous structure of RF and carbon aerogel films can be controlled from micro to macro porous at ambient conditions. With respect to the application as electrodes for full cells, carbon aerogel films with different porous structures on the two surfaces have been also obtained through optimizing the sol-gel process.
Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-rhodium and -iridium complexes. Part VI. π-Arene, π-cyclohexadienyl, and π-pyrrolyl complexes (1971)

A new method for the preparation of π-arene and π-pyrrolyl complexes is described. The trifluoroacetates [M(C5Me5)(OCOCF3)2, H2O](M = Rh, Ir) in trifluoracetic acid react with a variety of methylated benzenes to give [M(C5Me5)(arene)]2+. The π-arene complexes of IrIII are more stable than those of RhIII and their stability increases with increasing methylation. The complex [Rh(C5Me5)(p-xylene)]2+ undergoes rapid displacement of p-xylene by dimethyl sulphoxide to give [Rh(C5Me5)(Me2SO)3]2+. The π-arene complexes react with nucleophiles (NaBH4, MeLi) to give π-cyclohexadienyl complexes where the attacking group becomes the exo-substituent. The π-pyrrolyl complexes [M(C5Me5)(C4H4N)]+ are obtained in high yield from the trifluoroacetates and do not react with nucleophiles under these conditions.
Generation of probe signal for feedback cancellation systems (2003)

A common problem of hearing aids is whistling caused by feedback from the loudspeaker back to the microphone. A method of reducing the negative effects, caused by the feedback, is called feedback cancellation. A variant of feedback cancellation uses a probe signal, which is applied to the speaker of the hearing aid and is used to continuously estimate the feedback. Oticon A/S has suggested a master's thesis with the purpose of designing and evaluating an algorithm generating a probe signal for feedback cancellation systems. The challenge was to find an inaudible probe signal with as much energy as possible. Two approaches have been investigated for generating a probe signal. In the first approach the psychoacoustic principle of masking was used to estimate how much noise that could be added to a signal without being heard. Psychoacoustic models, including masking, are used in MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group) audio coding and one of these models has been examined in the thesis. In the second approach a standard LPC (Linear Prediction Coding) algorithm was used. In both the MPEG and the LPC approach, warped signal processing has been utilized improving the methods. A listening test was performed, evaluating the methods generating the probe signal. The purpose of the test was to determine whether the noise, generated using the MPEG and LPC approach, was inaudible. A hearing aid system with feedback cancellation, using the probe signal, was also simulated. The listening test showed that the noise (probe signal) had to be lowered, much more than expected, to be inaudible. As a consequence, shown in the simulations, the feedback cancellation system, using the probe signal, had trouble identifying the feedback of the hearing aid.
Non-Catalyzed Reductions With Formate Salts: Conversion of Nitroaromatic Compounds to the Corresponding Primary Amines (1981)

Abstract One of the more important transformations in aromatic chemistry involves nitration of the ring followed by reduction1 of the nitro group to the corresponding primary amine. Despite its low cost, ease of handling, and known2 property of being a convenient hydrogen donor, formic acid (or formate salts, which are even more active hydride donors2) was not utilized for this reduction until recently when Heck and Cortese reported 3 the palladium-catalyzed reduction of nitroaromatics using triethylammonium formate. Since the latter reagent in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) had previously4 been shown to reduce the carbon-carbon double bond in good Michael acceptors without the presence of a metal catalyst, we decided to examine non-catalytic systems involving formic acid5 for effecting reduction of the nitro group.
Design of Energy Saving Windows with High Transmission at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz (2002)

This paper focuses on the radio wave propagation through energy saving windows. These panes have a metallic shielding that keeps the heat inside the building during winter and outside during summer. Unfortunately, this covering also has an opaque behaviour at microwave frequencies. A design of energy saving window panes with high transmission at 900MHz and 1800MHz is presented. The high transmission is obtained by perforating the metallic shielding with narrow slits so that a Frequency Selective Structure (FSS) is formed. A parameter study of the resulting FSS is then considered.
Use of narrow‐range peptide IEF to improve detection of lung adenocarcinoma markers in plasma and pleural effusion (2009)

In this study we applied narrow-range peptide IEF to plasma or pleural effusion prior to LC/MS/MS. Two methods for narrow-range IEF were run; IPG strips and free-flow electrophoresis. Data from this study was compared with cell line data to evaluate the method performance in body fluids. To test the methods potential in quantitative biomarker discovery studies, plasma and pleural effusion from patients with lung adenocarcinoma (n=3) were compared with inflammatory pleuritis (n=3) using iTRAQ quantification. Using narrow-range IEF on the peptide level we were able to identify and quantify 282 proteins in plasma and 300 proteins in pleural effusion. These body fluid proteomes demonstrated high degree of overlap; however, more proteins significantly differently altered levels related to adenenocarcinoma were found in pleural effusion compared with plasma, suggesting enrichment of lung tissue-related proteins in pleural effusion. Nine proteins were chosen for initial validation with Western blot, and one protein (NPC2) was chosen for further validation using imunohistochemistry. Overall, the quantitative results from IEF/LC/MS/MS showed good correlation with the results from Western blot and imunohistochemistry, showing the potential of this methodology in quantitative biomarker discovery studies.
Software analytics for incident management of online services: An experience report (2013)

As online services become more and more popular, incident management has become a critical task that aims to minimize the service downtime and to ensure high quality of the provided services. In practice, incident management is conducted through analyzing a huge amount of monitoring data collected at runtime of a service. Such data-driven incident management faces several significant challenges such as the large data scale, complex problem space, and incomplete knowledge. To address these challenges, we carried out two-year software-analytics research where we designed a set of novel data-driven techniques and developed an industrial system called the Service Analysis Studio (SAS) targeting real scenarios in a large-scale online service of Microsoft. SAS has been deployed to worldwide product datacenters and widely used by on-call engineers for incident management. This paper shares our experience about using software analytics to solve engineers' pain points in incident management, the developed data-analysis techniques, and the lessons learned from the process of research development and technology transfer.