gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proactive key distribution using neighbor graphs (2004)

User mobility in wireless data networks is increasing because of technological advances, and the desire for voice and multimedia applications. These applications, however, require that handoffs between base stations (or access points) be fast to maintain the quality of the connections. In this article we introduce a novel data structure, the neighbor graph, that dynamically captures the mobility topology of a wireless network. We show how neighbor graphs can be utilized to obtain a 99 percent reduction in the authentication time of an IEEE 802.11 handoff (full EAP-TLS) by proactively distributing necessary key material one hop ahead of the mobile user. We also present a reactive method for fast authentication that requires only firmware changes to access points and hence can easily be deployed on existing wireless networks.
Wavelet-Based Signal Processing of Electromagnetic Pulse Generated Waveforms (2007)

This thesis investigated and compared alternative signal processing techniques that used wavelet-based methods instead of traditional frequency domain methods for processing measured electromagnetic pulse (EMP) waveforms. The primary focus of the research was equalization and filtering techniques for processing EMP signals in additive white noise. Signal equalization was conducted at the sub-band level through the use of Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters and channel response characteristics. A brief investigation of signal de-noising through wavelet thresholding was also conducted. This thesis also addressed and provided viable methods for signal extraction and DC bias removal for a given measured EMP waveform. The mean squared error is used as the basis for the comparison of the effectiveness of the equalization algorithm. It was found that wavelet techniques provided results that were as well or better than traditional Fourier techniques. In systems with additive noise , wavelet-based techniques exceeded the performance of the Fourier-based methods and surpassed them when de-noising techniques were used.
Contemporary Circulating Enterovirus D68 Strains Have Acquired the Capacity for Viral Entry and Replication in Human Neuronal Cells (2018)

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has historically been associated with respiratory illnesses. However, in the summers of 2014 and 2016, EV-D68 outbreaks coincided with a spike in polio-like acute flaccid myelitis/paralysis (AFM/AFP) cases. This raised concerns that EV-D68 could be the causative agent of AFM during these recent outbreaks. To assess the potential neurotropism of EV-D68, we utilized the neuroblastoma-derived neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y as a cell culture model to determine if differential infection is observed for different EV-D68 strains. In contrast to HeLa and A549 cells, which support viral infection of all EV-D68 strains tested, SH-SY5Y cells only supported infection by a subset of contemporary EV-D68 strains, including isolates from the 2014 outbreak. Viral replication and infectivity in SH-SY5Y were assessed using multiple assays: virus production, cytopathic effects, cellular ATP release, and VP1 capsid protein production. Similar differential neurotropism was also observed in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, primary human neuron cultures, and a mouse paralysis model. Using the SH-SY5Y cell culture model, we determined that barriers to viral binding and entry were at least partly responsible for the differential infectivity phenotype. Transfection of genomic RNA into SH-SY5Y generated virions for all EV-D68 isolates, but only a single round of replication was observed from strains that could not directly infect SH-SY5Y. In addition to supporting virus replication and other functional studies, this cell culture model may help identify the signatures of virulence to confirm epidemiological associations between EV-D68 strains and AFM and allow for the rapid identification and characterization of emerging neurotropic strains.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Since the EV-D68 outbreak during the summer of 2014, evidence of a causal link to a type of limb paralysis (AFM) has been mounting. In this article, we describe a neuronal cell culture model (SH-SY5Y cells) in which a subset of contemporary 2014 outbreak strains of EV-D68 show infectivity in neuronal cells, or neurotropism. We confirmed the difference in neurotropism <i>in vitro</i> using primary human neuron cell cultures and <i>in vivo</i> with a mouse paralysis model. Using the SH-SY5Y cell model, we determined that a barrier to viral entry is at least partly responsible for neurotropism. SH-SY5Y cells may be useful in determining if specific EV-D68 genetic determinants are associated with neuropathogenesis, and replication in this cell line could be used as rapid screening tool for identification of neurotropic EV-D68 strains. This may assist with better understanding of pathogenesis and epidemiology and with the development of potential therapies.
Preliminary development of an ultra low power electro-permanent magnet based actuator for microfluidic systems (2015)

An electro-permanent magnet based actuator has been proposed to control microvalves, which significantly reduces the energy consumption of solenoid type microvalves. Electro-permanent magnets are designed with combined hard and semi-hard magnetic materials to control the direction of the magnetic flux. Power is supplied to these magnets only to change the polarity of a magnet so that it can attract or repel the load. Therefore, power is only consumed to toggle between the states of the valve, while the actuator requires no power to maintain either close or open states at other times. Initial experiments revealed that a voltage as low as TV can be applied across the coil to switch the magnetization direction, which resulted in drawing a current of 1.76A during the current pulse duration of 100μs. The momentary power consumption was 12.37W, but the total energy consumption was only 1.237mJ for a state toggling. For applications where the valves are operated infrequently, this technique is highly energy economical as power is consumed for a very short period of time during actuation. Supercapacitor buffering is suggested to smooth out the energy requirement of the proposed actuator to make wireless low power transfer a possible solution for microfluidic systems with infrequent valve operations.
Early waning of maternal measles antibodies in era of measles elimination: longitudinal study (2010)

This study describes a very early susceptibility to measles in infants of both vaccinated women and women with naturally acquired immunity. This finding is important in view of recent outbreaks and is an argument for timeliness of the first dose of a measles vaccine and vaccination of travelling or migrating children under the age of 1 year.
New approaches to region of interest computed tomography (2011)

The new ROI reconstruction methods are superior to the gold standard regarding the computational load. Comparing the image quality with the gold standard, the data filtering method is slightly inferior and the data weighting method yields equal quality.
The Enhancement Of Armored Vehicle Fire Control (Stationary And Fire-On-The-Move) Performance Using Modern Control Techniques (1989)

This presentation summarizes the analytical work that has been preformed to date by the Ballistic Research Laboratory in evaluating proposed conceptual fire control systems which utilize modern control theory to enhance: Stationary Firer/ Maneuvering Target, and Fire-On-The-Move Performance. Both conventional man-in-the-loop and automated tracking sytems were used in conjunction with the conceptual fire control systems. Much of work was performed for the US Army Research Development and Engineering Center, ARDEC, as part of that Agency's Very High Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) Program. The presentation begins with a brief overview of the different types of control systems currently being employed in US and foreign production and testbed armored vehicles. The following systems are treated in a generic manner: Driven Reticle, Gun Director, Free Floating Gun Director. The presentation contiunes with an evaluation of each of the above fire control systems' stationary firer performance against maneuvering targets. The fire-on-the-move anlysis follows, with a discussion of the digital optimal controller that was used in place of conventional classical analog controller. To date only the manual tracking system has been evaluated. However, an automatic tracking system using a FUR tracker will he evaluated in the near future.
Designing Web Usability (1999)

Preface. 1. Introduction: Why Web Usability? 2. Page Design. 3. Content Design. 4. Site Design. 5. Intranet Design. 6. Accessibility for Users with Disabilities. 7. International Use: Serving A Global Audience. 8. Future Predictions: The Only Web Constant Is Change. 9. Conclusion: Simplicity in Web Design. Recommended Readings. Index.
Chipscale, single-shot gated ultrafast optical recorder (2011)

We introduce a novel, chipscale device capable of single-shot ultrafast recording with picosecond-scale resolution over hundreds of picoseconds of record length. The device consists of two vertically-stacked III-V planar waveguides forming a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and makes use of a transient, optically-induced phase difference to sample a temporal waveform injected into the waveguides. The pump beam is incident on the chip from above in the form of a diagonally-oriented stripe focused by a cylindrical lens. Due to time-of-flight, this diagonal orientation enables the sampling window to be shifted linearly in time as a function of position across the lateral axis of the waveguides. This time-to-space mapping allows an ordinary camera to record the ultrafast waveform with high fidelity. We investigate the theoretical limits of this technique, present a simulation of device operation, and report a proof-of-concept experiment in GaAs, demonstrating picosecond-scale resolution over 140 ps of record length.
Characterization of Different-Al-Content AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures and High-Electron-Mobility Transistors Grown on 100-mm-Diameter Sapphire Substrates by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (2004)

Different-Al-content AlxGa1-xN/GaN (0.26≤x≤0.52) high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) structures were grown on large-area 100-mm-diameter sapphire substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). A low sheet resistance of approximately 380 Ω/sq. and an in-wafer total variation of 7.6% with a standard deviation of 1.6% were obtained for the sample with the highest Al content of 0.52. The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density and room-temperature Hall mobility of the Al0.52Ga0.48N/GaN HEMT structures were 1.76×1013/cm2 and 971 cm2/Vs with in-wafer total variations of 7.8% and 8.1%, respectively. HEMTs were successfully fabricated and they exhibited good dc characteristics. The dependence of maximum source–drain current density on Al content was consistent with the Al content dependence of sheet carrier concentration. The highest source–drain current density of 1033 mA/mm with a maximum extrinsic transconductance of 228 mS/mm was obtained for 2-µm-gate-length Al0.52Ga0.48N/GaN HEMTs.
High performance analog to digital converter architectures (2003)

A tutorial introduction to data conversion is given. The topic is approached by presenting representative analog-to-digital converter architectures. Sample/hold and digital-to-analog converter architectures are also shown. These architectures tend to be more commonly implemented with bipolar technology, but the principles are general. Some intuitive motions concerning sampling theory are given to facilitate understanding of the data conversion environment. The treatment is directed toward engineers and scientists who do not routinely work with data conversion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cognizant enterprise maturity model (CEMM) (2001)

Presents the cognizant enterprise maturity model (CEMM). The model provides tripartite usage of calibration, capability assessment and maturity advancement. The entry point is an organizational and departmental profiler that provides relevance measures based on fuzzy multicriteria group decision-making capabilities to key maturity areas (KMAs) identified for the five-level maturity model. These relevance measures allow organizations to weigh and score the KMAs and to nurture the model based on their own experience and on industry experience. Each KMA comes with a set of goals and abilities. CEMM relies on four criteria: (1) cognizant environments, (2) knowledge utilization and leverage, (3) the SEI's software CMM (capability maturity model) and people CMM, and (4) an adaptive enterprise, and it distinguishes between information and knowledge management (KM).
Program analysis for page size selection (2002)

To support high performance architectures with multiple page sizes, it is necessary to assign proper page sizes for array memory in order to improve TLB performance as well as reduce memory contention during program execution. Typically, while a smaller page size causes higher TLB contention, a larger page size causes higher memory contention and fragmentation but also has the effect of prefetching pages required in future thereby reducing the number of cold page faults. Each array in a program contributes to these costs/benefits depending upon how it is referenced in the program. The page size assignment analysis determines a proper page size for every array by analyzing memory reference patterns (which is shown to be NP-hard). We discuss various policies that can be followed for page size assignment in order to maximize performance along with cost models and present algorithms for page size selection.
Improving Flash Translation Layer for Hybrid Flash-Disk Storage through Sequential Pattern Mining based 2-Level Prefetching Technique (2010)

This paper presents an intelligent prefetching technique that significantly improves performance of hybrid fash-disk storage, a combination of flash memory and hard disk. Since flash memory embedded in a hybrid device is much faster than hard disk in terms of I/O operations, it can be utilized as a 'cache' space to improve system performance. The basic strategy for prefetching is to utilize sequential pattern mining, with which we can extract the access patterns of objects from historical access sequences. We use two techniques for enhancing the performance of hybrid storage with prefetching. One of them is to modify a FAST algorithm for mapping the flash memory. The other is to extend the unit of prefetching to a block level as well as a file level for effectively utilizing flash memory space. For evaluating the proposed technique, we perform the experiments using the synthetic data and real UCC data, and prove the usability of our technique.
Supercomputing with transputers—past, present and future (1990)

The paper traces the development of large multi-transputer systems for high-performance scientific and engineering computing. After defining what we mean by 'supercomputing' in the context of this paper, the past and present state of transputer supercomputing environments is illustrated by a discussion of three specific projects. These are the Esprit 'SuperNode' project or P1085, the Edinburgh Concurrent Supercomputer project and the Victor project at IBM Research in Yorktown Heights. The present parallel programming environments available for transputer systems are also briefly reviewed. The paper concludes with a look to the future. Inmos' announced plans for the next generation transputer, code-named H1, are described along with a comparison with the new Intel iWarp chip. We can classify this Intel component as a 'generic' transputer in that it integrates computing elements, memory elements and communication hardware on a single VLSI chip. Both these new components should make for a bright future for supercomputing with transputer-like building blocks.
DOIDFH: an Effective Distributed Metadata Management Scheme (2007)

Subtree partitioning and hashing are two common techniques used for current distributed metadata management schemes. Subtree partitioning schemes do not evenly distribute workload among metadata server cluster, and a number of metadata need to be migrated to achieve coarse load balancing. Though current hashing schemes evenly distribute workload among metadata server cluster, they eliminate the storage locality of files metadata in the same directory. They also can not effectively deal with some operations such as renaming a directory or accessing a file in the path of a linked directory. A new approach called parent Directory Object Identifier and Filename Hashing (DOIDFH) metadata management is proposed, which could distribute evenly files metadata among metadata server cluster, as well as partially hold hierarchical locality. It solves effectively the existent problems of current hashing schemes and also takes advantages of them.
Hardware support for interprocess communication (1990)

The use of a special-purpose coprocessor for supporting message passing is proposed. An actual message-based operating system is partitioned into computation and communication parts, executing, respectively, on a host and a message coprocessor which interact through shared queues. Its performance is measured on a multiprocessor. Hardware support in the form of a special-purpose smart bus and smart shared memory is designed. The benefits of these components are demonstrated through analytical modeling using generalized timed Petri nets. The analysis shows good agreement with experimental results and indicates that substantial benefits may be obtained when the software is partitioned between host and the message coprocessor and when a small amount of special-purpose hardware is added.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Smart Coatings III (2010)

In an effort to mimic self-healing functions in biological systems, we report here the development of polymeric coating systems that are stimuli responsive and possess the ability to self-heal when damaged. This work describes coatings that contain small amounts of healing agent in the form of microcapsule homogeneously dispersed in the coating medium. The most attractive feature of this system is that the factors that cause the most damage to the coating, such as humidity, mechanical compromise, exposure to high temperatures etc., are the same factors that initiate self-healing phenomenon. This property is unique since the extent of the healing is proportional to the magnitude of the damage, i.e., repair on demand. It was confirmed that the simulated natural aging or mechanical damage triggered the release of healing agents, repaired the damage, restored the integrity of the coating and enhanced overall coating properties. The self-healing performance was assessed through direct evaluation and observation of improved key coating properties such as, enhanced mechanical and surface properties. The self-healing samples showed several fold enhancements in corrosion resistance as well as reduced water vapor permeability as compared to standard polyurethane coatings. The development of self-healing materials has the potential to significantly impact the coatings and related industries by enhancing coatings’ performance and service life.
FTZ-F1, a Steroid Hormone Receptor-like Protein Implicated in the Activation of <i>fushi tarazu</i> (1991)

The Drosophila homeobox segmentation gene fushi tarazu (ftz) is expressed in a seven-stripe pattern during early embryogenesis. This characteristic pattern is largely specified by the zebra element located immediately upstream of the ftz transcriptional start site. The FTZ-F1 protein, one of multiple DNA binding factors that interacts with the zebra element, is implicated in the activation of ftz transcription, especially in stripes 1, 2, 3, and 6. An FTZ-F1 complementary DNA has been cloned by recognition site screening of a Drosophila expression library. The identity of the FTZ-F1 complementary DNA clone was confirmed by immunological cross-reaction with antibodies to FTZ-F1 and by sequence analysis of peptides from purified FTZ-F1 protein. The predicted amino acid sequence of FTZ-F1 revealed that the protein is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. This finding raises the possibility that a hormonal ligand affects the expression of a homeobox segmentation gene early in embryonic development.
An Overview of Analytic Rotation in Exploratory Factor Analysis (2001)

The use of analytic rotation in exploratory factor analysis will be examined. Particular attention will be given to situations where there is a complex factor pattern and standard methods yield poor solutions. Some little known but interesting rotation criteria will be discussed and methods for weighting variables will be examined. Illustrations will be provided using Thurstone's 26 variable box data and other examples.
Surface coatings : science and technology (1985)

Discusses all aspects of coating technology, including how coatings are prepared, their compositions, how they are applied, and the conditions that control their ultimate performance. Covers the newest coating applications, particularly those developed to enhance energy savings and conform to pollution regulations. Written in a form simple enough for scientists and technologists without a theoretical background in the subject, but features an extensive list of references for those wanting to do further research.
Electrolyte Solutions with a Wide Electrochemical Window for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries (2007)

Electrolyte solutions for rechargeable Mg batteries were developed, based on reaction products of phenyl magnesium chloride (PhMgCl) Lewis base and Lewis acid in ethers. The transmetallation of these ligands forms solutions with and ions as the major ionic species, as analyzed by multinuclei nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions of exhibit optimal properties: highly reversible Mg deposition (100% cycling efficiency) with low overvoltage: and electrochemical windows wider than . A specific conductivity of could be measured between for these solutions, similar to that of standard electrolyte solutions for Li batteries. Mg ions intercalate reversibly with Chevrel phase cathodes in these solutions. These systems exhibit high thermal stability. The solutions may enable the use of high voltage, high-capacity Mg insertion materials as cathodes and hence open the door for research and development of high-energy density, rechargeable Mg batteries.
Phenobarbital and Intraventricular Hemorrhage (1985)

In Reply.— We thank Boynton and Merritt for pointing out the error in the figure in our paper.1 The abscissa should be labeled "Total number of united pairs" as they have indicated. When using sequential analysis, a plan is constructed that takes into account the probability of erroneously rejecting the null hypothesis ( ), the probability of erroneously accepting the null hypothesis (β), and the degree of change sought (0).2 Only pairs in which the outcomes are different ("untied pairs") are plotted on the sequential plan.