gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Fields associated with the solid immersion lens</title> (1998)

The principles of operation of the solid immersion lens (SIL) are described. Two types of SIL, the hemisphere and super-sphere, and their tolerances, are discussed. Several application of the SIL to microscopy, lithography, and optical storage are reviewed, along with a description of the theoretical considerations for determining the spot size, the effect of the air gap, and the effect of multiple- layer structures on the ellipticity of the spot.
A decision tree algorithm with segmentation (2002)

A novel version of the ID3 induction's decision tree algorithm is presented. The aim of this version is to work with feature values which have a measuring process with noise. The induction input is a table with feature values where objects are labeled. Different classifications may be associated with the same set of features, and the association of conditional probabilities with each classification is discussed. Features are assumed to be either numeric or not. The features model is discussed and it is indicated how the numeric feature values from the initial table are converted into discrete values (nonnumeric). An algorithm where the process of feature segmentation is integrated in the design of decision tree is discussed. The proposed algorithm can be applied directly to sensorial integration in robotics applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nonvolatile CCD memory with MNOS storage capacitors (1974)

The volatility of information stored in a charge-coupled device can be avoided by storing the information in metal-nitride-oxide-silicon capacitors added to a CCD. In the following, the function, layout, and measured results of test circuits are described, and different layouts of such memory circuits are discussed.
Enhanced Production of ALDH-Like Protein in the Bacterial Light Organ of the Sepiolid Squid <i>Euprymna scolopes</i> (1993)

We localized one or more aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-like proteins in the bacterially bioluminescent light organ of the sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes, and determined the temporal changes in expression through normal light organ development. Our previous studies have revealed that 70% of the total protein in the light organ lens of adult animals is comprised of an ALDH-like protein, which we called L-crystallin. In the present study, antibodies raised to this protein were used in immunocytochemical analyses which showed that, in adult light organ lens cells, ALDH-like protein was localized to the cytoplasm, but not to the nuclei or mitochondria. Labeling in adult tissue was also found in moderate abundance in the ciliated duct epithelium, a tissue that is in direct contact with the bacterial symbionts. To determine the spatial and temporal onset of expression of ALDH-like protein(s), we examined light organs from juveniles at developmental stages before and after the differentiation of lens cells, which begins approximately 7-10 days after hatching. In 5-day symbiotic juvenile light organs, ALDH-like protein was not detected at levels significantly above those in non-symbiotic tissue of the same animals. However, expression of ALDH-like protein began within 10 days after hatching, seen first in a few cells of the ciliated duct, adjacent to the symbiont-containing tissue and in a few differentiated cells of the anterior presumptive light organ lens. These data suggest that, during normal development, induction of one or more ALDH-like proteins occurs simultaneously in both the lens and ciliated duct soon after the differentiation of lens cells.
Heterodyn-Interferometer zur Vibrationsanalyse / Heterodyne interferometers for vibration analysis (1990)

Article Heterodyn-Interferometer zur Vibrationsanalyse / Heterodyne interferometers for vibration analysis was published on December 1, 1990 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 57, issue JG).
Sulfur-Looping Mechanism for the Two-Step Cyclic Process of Fluidized-Bed CO<sub>2</sub> Capture and Phosphogypsum Thermal Decomposition Assisted by H<sub>2</sub>S (2017)

Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are the main concern for global warming and must be urgently addressed. The use of Ca-based absorbents is among the options in CO2 capture technology, and it can be combined with waste H2S to create a better capture capacity. Here, we use decomposed phosphogypsum (PG) as a Ca-based absorbent to solve the problem of PG resource utilization, along with CO2 capture. Furthermore, the H2S exhaust gas generated during the carbonation process is reused to further promote capture capacity of the absorbent. Different liquid–solid ratios (L/S) and thermal parameters are investigated to determine the optimal conditions. A relatively low L/S value (6:1) can better capture CO2. Meanwhile, the CO2 capture capacity and H2S concentration were measured to explore the mechanisms of the carbonation process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzed the chemical components of both reactants and resultants. The morphology of PG and CaCO3 are rhombus and calcite shapes, respectively. Most importantly, sulfur looping (S-looping) routes and the reaction process mechanism of this decomposition/carbonation cyclic system are determined and outlined, indicating that S-looping occurs throughout the entire experiment.
The CM-5 Connection Machine (1993)

article Free Access Share on The CM-5 Connection Machine: a scalable supercomputer Authors: W. Daniel Hillis Thinking Machines Corp., Cambridge, MA Thinking Machines Corp., Cambridge, MAView Profile , Lewis W. Tucker Thinking Machines Corp., Cambridge, MA Thinking Machines Corp., Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 36Issue 11Nov. 1993 pp 31–40https://doi.org/10.1145/163359.163361Online:01 November 1993Publication History 88citation1,224DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations88Total Downloads1,224Last 12 Months43Last 6 weeks30 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Impregnation of Wood with Biocides Using Supercritical Fluid Carriers (1995)

The use of supercritical fluids (SCFs) to deliver biocides into wood is a promising technique for preservation. Data are presented from recent SCF impregnation studies of Douglas-fir heartwood for two of the commercially available biocides tested: PCP (pentachlorophenol) and TCMTB (2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole). The final spatial distribution of a biocide within the wood was strongly affected by treatment pressure, period of treatment, and the size of the wood piece. A simple rate model to predict the distribution was developed based on compressible flow through porous media and rapid precipitation kinetics. Simulations indicated that maximum deposition occurs at the surface and that higher treatment pressure yields higher deposition at all locations, which agreed qualitatively with data. The sensitivity of the model to a single constant which depended on measurable wood and supercritical fluid properties was also shown.
The Meaning of Interaction (2010)

Although recent studies have attempted to dispel the confusion that exists in regard to the definition, analysis and interpretation of interaction in genetics, there still remain aspects that are poorly understood by non-statisticians. After a brief discussion of the definition of gene-gene interaction, the main part of this study addresses the fundamental meaning of statistical interaction and its relationship to measurement scale, disproportionate sample sizes in the cells of a two-way table and gametic phase disequilibrium.
Focused Comprehensive, Quantitative, Functionally Based Echocardiographic Evaluation in the Critical Care Unit is Feasible and Impacts Care (2015)

The FREE is feasible and alters care in the intensive care unit by providing clinical data not otherwise available at the bedside. Further studies are warranted to assess the impact of comprehensive echocardiogram-directed resuscitation on patient outcomes.
Mobile phone messaging reminders for attendance at healthcare appointments (2012)

There is moderate quality evidence that mobile phone text message reminders are more effective than no reminders, and low quality evidence that text message reminders with postal reminders are more effective than postal reminders alone. Further, according to the moderate quality evidence we found, mobile phone text message reminders are as effective as phone call reminders. Overall, there is limited evidence on the effects of mobile phone text message reminders for appointment attendance, and further high-quality research is required to draw more robust conclusions.
Activated Ion ETD Performed in a Modified Collision Cell on a Hybrid QLT-Oribtrap Mass Spectrometer (2013)

We describe the implementation and characterization of activated ion electron transfer dissociation (AI-ETD) on a hybrid QLT-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. AI-ETD was performed using a collision cell that was modified to enable ETD reactions, in addition to normal collisional activation. The instrument manifold was modified to enable irradiation of ions along the axis of this modified cell with IR photons from a CO2 laser. Laser power settings were optimized for both charge (z) and mass to charge (m/z) and the instrument control firmware was updated to allow for automated adjustments to the level of irradiation. This implementation of AI-ETD yielded 1.6-fold more unique identifications than ETD in an nLC-MS/MS analysis of tryptic yeast peptides. Furthermore, we investigated the application of AI-ETD on large scale analysis of phosphopeptides, where laser power aids ETD, but can produce b- and y-type ions because of the phosphoryl moiety's high IR adsorption. nLC-MS/MS analysis of phosphopeptides derived from human embryonic stem cells using AI-ETD yielded 2.4-fold more unique identifications than ETD alone, demonstrating a promising advance in ETD sequencing of PTM containing peptides.
Synthesis and stereochemical study of some biologically relevant phosphoglycerides: Dicarboxylic phosphatidylcholines and bis (diacylglycero) phosphoric acids (1983)

Abstract Dicarboxylic (glutaryl or succinyl) phosphatidylcholines, and stereoisomeric bis (diacylglycero) phosphoric acids were synthesized. Their structures and stereoconfiguration were determinated by chemical, spectrometric and biochemical methods.
Independent Generation of 5,6-Dihydrothymid-5-yl and Investigation of Its Ability To Effect Nucleic Acid Strand Scission via Hydrogen Atom Abstraction (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIndependent Generation of 5,6-Dihydrothymid-5-yl and Investigation of Its Ability To Effect Nucleic Acid Strand Scission via Hydrogen Atom AbstractionMark R. Barvian and Marc M. GreenbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 7, 1916–1917Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00112a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00112a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
LDPC-based space-time coded OFDM systems over correlated fading channels: performance analysis and receiver design (2002)

We consider the performance analysis and the receiver design of low-density parity-check (LDPC) code based space-time coded (STC) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system over correlated frequency- and time-selective fading channels.
Molecular chaperones as modulators of polyglutamine protein aggregation and toxicity (2002)

The formation of insoluble protein aggregates in neurons is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases caused by proteins with expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeats. However, the mechanistic relationship between polyQ aggregation and its toxic effects on neurons remains unclear. Two main hypotheses have been put forward for how polyQ expansions may cause cellular dysfunction. In one model neurotoxicity results from the ability of polyQ-expanded proteins to recruit other important cellular proteins with polyQ stretches into the aggregates. In the other model, aggregating polyQ proteins partially inhibit the ubiquitin-proteasome system for protein degradation. These two mechanisms are not exclusive but may act in combination. In general, protein misfolding and aggregation are prevented by the machinery of molecular chaperones. Some chaperones such as the members of the Hsp70 family also modulate polyQ aggregation and suppress its toxicity. These recent findings suggest that an imbalance between the neuronal chaperone capacity and the production of potentially dangerous polyQ proteins may trigger the onset of polyQ disease.
Isolation Enhancement Between Two Closely Packed Antennas (2008)

This paper introduces a coupling element to enhance the isolation between two closely packed antennas operating at the same frequency band. The proposed structure consists of two antenna elements and a coupling element which is located in between the two antenna elements. The idea is to use field cancellation to enhance isolation by putting a coupling element which artificially creates an additional coupling path between the antenna elements. To validate the idea, a design for a USB dongle MIMO antenna for the 2.4 GHz WLAN band is presented. In this design, the antenna elements are etched on a compact low-cost FR4 PCB board with dimensions of 20times40times1.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . According to our measurement results, we can achieve more than 30 dB isolation between the antenna elements even though the two parallel individual planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) in the design share a solid ground plane with inter-antenna spacing (Center to Center) of less than 0.095 lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> or edge to edge separations of just 3.6 mm (0.0294 lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> ). Both simulation and measurement results are used to confirm the antenna isolation and performance. The method can also be applied to different types of antennas such as non-planar antennas. Parametric studies and current distribution for the design are also included to show how to tune the structure and control the isolation.
Catálogo de hongos superiores en Puente la Sierra (Jaén, SE. Península Ibérica) (1989)

espanolSe presenta un catalogo critico, con 24 especies primaverales de Hongos superiores, recolectados en Puente la Sierra (Jaen, Sureste de la Peninsula Iberica). EnglishA critical check-list of Fungi from Puente la Sierra (Jaen province, southeast Iberian Peninsula) are presented.
Heart rate as a cardiovascular risk factor: do women differ from men? (2001)

Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the role of high heart rate in determining cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, whether the association between fast heart rate and cardiovascular disease is equally strong in males and females is still a matter for debate. In most studies, the predictive value of tachycardia for all-cause mortality has been found to be weaker in women than in men, and in some studies no association between heart rate and cardiovascular mortality was observed. In particular, high heart rate appeared to be a weak predictor of death from coronary heart disease in the female gender. Multiple mechanisms by which sympathetic overactivity could cause hypertension and the metabolic syndrome of insulin resistance have been documented. Recent results obtained at the Ann Arbor laboratory from the analysis of four populations indicate that these mechanisms are operative mostly in males in whom tachycardia reflects a heightened sympathetic tone. In women, fast heart rate would merely represent the extreme of a normal distribution. However, tachycardia can also have a direct impact on the arterial wall, as demonstrated in laboratory studies, and can favour the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias. The impact of these mechanisms may be similar in men and women and could explain why a high heart rate has been found to have a detrimental effect also in the female gender. Pharmacological reduction of high heart rate is an additional desirable goal of therapy in several clinical conditions such as hypertension, myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. Although a greater effect is expected in men, cardiac slowing could counteract the detrimental haemodynamic effect of tachycardia also in women.
Introduction (2002)

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Local circuit neurons of developing and mature macaque prefrontal cortex: Golgi and immunocytochemical characteristics (1993)

A study has been made of the nonpyramidal, local circuit neurons in developing and mature macaque monkey prefrontal cortex with Golgi and immunocytochemical techniques. The area chosen for study is located between the cingulate gyrus and the ventral bank of the principal sulcus, and contains areas 9 and 46 as described by Walker (J. Comp. Neurol. 73:59-86, '40). In Golgi studies, the unique axonal features of impregnated neurons made possible the identification of thirteen separate classes of local circuit neurons. Five of these cell types, in their general characteristics, resembled classes identified in human prefrontal cortex, as well as in other cortical areas of macaque monkeys and other species. Measurements of the scale of axon arbors and dendritic fields of the Golgi-stained local circuit neurons also suggested particular spatial relationships of certain classes to the scale of intrinsic lattice connections made by the axons of pyramidal neurons in the same region. Similarities in morphology between cells described in human prefrontal cortex and neuron varieties described in this study indicate that this region of monkey prefrontal cortex may serve as a useful model for neuron populations in human prefrontal cortex. Sufficient morphological detail was present in immunocytochemical studies to suggest one or more identifying biochemical characteristics for seven of the thirteen classes of local circuit neurons. The calcium binding proteins, parvalbumin, calbindin D-28K, and calretinin, were found in chandelier and wide arbor neurons, neurogliaform cells, and double bouquet neurons, respectively. In addition, cholecystokinin immunoreactivity was present in medium arbor neurons and in narrow arbor cells connecting layers 2 and 4. Somatostatin 28(1-12) immunoreactivity was detected in beaded axon neurons in layers 5 and 6. This biochemical characterization of local circuit neurons, although incomplete, confirms the separate identity of at least some of the varieties distinguished by Golgi morphology, and allows a start to be made on studies examining changes in their functional state. The general inhibitory nature of these interneurons suggests that they are likely to play a crucial role in determining patterns of neural activation in the prefrontal cortex.
Rhodopsin Recognition by Mutant Gsα Containing C-terminal Residues of Transducin (2000)

The C-terminal regions of the heterotrimeric G protein alpha-subunits play key roles in selective activation of G proteins by their cognate receptors. In this study, mutant G(s)alpha proteins with substitutions by C-terminal residues of transducin (G(t)alpha) were analyzed for their interaction with light-activated rhodopsin (R*) to delineate the critical determinants of the G(t)alpha/R* coupling. In contrast to G(s)alpha, a chimeric G(s)alpha/G(t)alpha protein containing only 11 C-terminal residues from transducin was capable of binding to and being potently activated by R*. Our results suggest that Cys(347) and Gly(348) are absolutely essential, whereas Asp(346) is more modestly involved in the G(t) activation by R*. In addition, the analysis of the intrinsic nucleotide exchange in mutant G(s)alpha indicated an interaction between the C terminus and the switch II region in G(t)alpha.GDP. Mutant G(s)alpha containing the G(t)alpha C terminus and substitutions of Asn(239) and Asp(240) (switch II) by the corresponding G(t)alpha residues, Glu(212) and Gly(213), displayed significant reductions in spontaneous guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)-binding rates to the levels approaching those in G(t)alpha. Communication between the C terminus and switch II of G(t)alpha does not appear essential for the activational coupling between G(t) and R*, but may represent one of the mechanisms by which Galpha subunits control intrinsic nucleotide exchange.
Estrogens and Epilepsy: Why Are We So Excited? (2007)

Estrogens are essential for normal brain function throughout life. The source of estrogens is not only from the periphery, but local production has also been demonstrated in the CNS. Actions of estrogens involve a variety of effects, which include modulation of gene expression, regulation of neurotransmitter release, or direct inter-actions with neurotransmitter receptors. By these effects, estrogens affect neuronal excitability and thus may play an important role in seizure disorders. Although the original clinical as well as animal studies suggest that estrogens have exclusively proconvulsant properties, it has now become clear that estrogens also produce anticonvulsant effects. These opposite effects of estrogens on seizures may depend on treatment duration, latency prior to seizure testing, mode of administration, estrogen dose and hormonal status, estrogenic species, the region/neurotransmitter system involved, seizure type/model used, and sex. Animal data also suggest that estrogens, specifically beta-estradiol, have neuroprotective effects on seizure-induced hippocampal damage. Further studies are necessary to understand the role of estrogens in seizure disorders. Such under-standing is important, especially for women with epilepsy, to make qualified decisions regarding administration of contraceptives and hormonal replacement therapy as well as for the design of new therapeutic strategies for better seizure control and prevention of seizure-induced neuronal damage.