gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Design of Broadband Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber Based on Nested Circle Rings (2016)

A terahertz metamaterial absorber (MA) with properties of broadband width, polarization-insensitive, wide angle incidence is presented. Different from the previous methods to broaden the absorption width, this letter proposes a novel combinatorial way which units a nested structure with multiple metal-dielectric layers. We numerically investigate the proposed MA, and the simulation results show that the absorber achieves a broadband absorption over a frequency range of 0.896 THz with the absorptivity greater than 90%. Moreover, the full-width at half maximum of the absorber is up to 1.224 THz which is 61.2% with respect to the central frequency. The mechanism for the broadband absorption originates from the overlapping of longitudinal coupling between layers and coupling of the nested structure. Importantly, the nested structure makes a great contribution to broaden the absorption width. Thus, constructing a nested structure in a multi-layer absorber may be considered as an effective way to design broadband MAs.
Effect of selectively intercalated polyiodide on the electric transports of metallic- and semiconducting-enriched single-wall carbon nanotube networks (2016)

We report the selective intercalation of polyiodide chains (I5−) inside the interstitial sites of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundles of which internal sites are pre-encapsulated with monatomic sulfur chains. By using metallic- and semiconducting-enriched SWCNTs with diameter of ∼1 nm, our direct-current electric transport measurements reveal that the I5− intercalation on the metallic- and semiconducting-enriched SWCNT networks exhibits an opposite trend on the temperature dependence of the electric resistance at cryogenic temperature. Based on our analysis using the fluctuation-induced tunneling conduction model, the intercalation of I5− chains into the semiconducting-SWCNTs leads to the increase in energy barriers required for tunneling processes. Since the charge transfer is negligible between I5− chains and the semiconducting-SWCNTs, the main effect of the intercalated I5− on the semiconducting-SWCNTs is to behave as a scattering center below 50 K. In contrast to the semiconducting-SWCNTs, the intercalation of I5− chains into the metallic-SWCNTs results in the suppression of tunneling barriers due to the charge transfer interaction. The energy barrier is further reduced by the encapsulation of I5− chains inside the metallic-SWCNT, implying that the doping effect could be more effectively enhanced by the interaction through the inner spaces of SWCNTs.
Incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in egg yolk fat at varying dietary fat levels and compositions (1995)

1. One feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of different dietary levels (0–3–6–9%) and combinations of lard, soybean oil, and flax seed oil on the fatty acid composition of the egg yolk lipid. Special attention was given to the compositional stability of these fats. The results were evaluated by response surface modeling. 2. The apparent deposition rate of total lipid and fatty acids as well depended on both the dietary level and the metabolic pathway of the fatty acids ( de novo synthesis, rate of transfer,...). 3. The U/S-ratio of the yolk fat varied from 2.0 to 3.1. The major changes in yolk fatty acids were within the C18-unsaturates, whereby changes in C18-PUFAs were balanced by proportional changes in oleic acid. The results indicated no de novo synthesis for the C18-PUFAs. The maximum incorporation levels for linoleic and linolenic acid were 33.5 and 19.8%, respectively. The ω-6/ω-3-ratio’s of the yolk fat were obviously higher than those of the respective dietary fat combinations. 4. No differences in sensory characteristics were observed. Einlagerung von mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren in die Fettfraktion des Dotters durch verschiedene Fettgehalte und -zusammensetzungen in der Diät 1. Ein Fütterungsversuch wurde durchgeführt, um die Effekte von verschiedenen Fettgehalten (0–3–6–9%) und Kombinationen von Schweineschmalz, Sojaöl und Leinöl auf das Fettsäuremuster des Dotterfettes zu untersuchen. Besondere Beachtung wurde der Stabilität der Fette unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung gewidmet. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit Hilfe eines dreidimensionalen Modells (response surface) ausgewertet. 2. Die scheinbare Einlagerungsrate des gesamten Fettes und der Fettsäuren hängen sowohl vom Gehalt als auch vom Stoffwechselweg der Fettsäuren ab (de novo Synthese, Umsatzrate...). 3. Das Verhältnis ungesättigter zu gesättigten Fettsäuren des Dotterfettes variierte zwischen 2,0–3,1. Die größten Veränderungen im Fettsäurenmuster des Dotters fanden sich in der C18 ungesättigten Fettsäurenfraktion, dabei wurden Veränderungen in den C18-Polyensäuren (PUFAs) durch proportionale Änderungen im Ölsäuregehalt ausgeglichen. Die Ergebnisse lassen keine de novo Synthese für C18-Polyensäuren (PUFAs) erkennen. Die höchsten Einlagerungsraten für Linol- und Linolensäuren lagen bei 33,5 und 19,8%. Die Verhältnisse der ω-6/ω-3-Fettsäuren im Dotterfett waren deutlich höher, als in den entsprechenden Futterfettsäuren. 4. Bei den sensorischen Parametern wurden keine Unterschiede beobachtet.
Intraoperative 3D visualization for surgical field deformation with geometric pattern projection (2006)

Abstract Recently there have been many efforts to investigate navigation technology and apply it in various clinical fields in which the target position in the surgical region is indicated during surgery. The objective is to facilitate an intuitive understanding of the surgical region by the surgeon, so that the accuracy of the surgery can be improved. Currently, the position of the surgical area is usually measured by a magnetic sensor or a marker‐type optical 3D position sensor. In navigation of hard tissue such as bone, the target is rigid, and the position of the target can be measured from several discrete point markers. In navigation of soft tissue such as the body surface and the liver, where the shape and the position can change easily, a position sensor which can measure the state of modification in the form of time‐series surface data is required. In the method proposed here in order to deal with this problem, a geometrical pattern is projected on the target by a PC projector and is captured in real time from various directions with using DV cameras. This biological deformation measurement system can be easily installed in an operating room and can simultaneously measure and visualize the 3D shape and the textural information of the target. An animal experiment was performed. Surface shape time‐series data were used and were updated from time to time during the surgery, and registration of the target organ model was performed before the surgery. Data‐fusion processing was performed, displaying the measured surface data of the surgical region together with an internal structure model of the organ. The results are reported. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(4): 45–54, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.20449
CD45 epitope mapping of human CD1a+ dendritic cells and peripheral blood dendritic cells. (1991)

The authors studied the pattern of leukocyte common antigen (CD45) epitope expression on dendritic cells in sections of human epidermis, tonsillar epithelium, dermatopathic lymph nodes, and in isolates from blood. The monoclonal antibodies (MAb) used were specific for all known CD45 epitopes, including the seven different CD45 common epitopes as well as the four known CD45R epitopes (two CD45RA, one CD45RB, and one CD45RO). Dendritic cells in all sites were uniformly reactive for the CD45 common epitopes tested except 2B11, which may recognize a CD45R rather than CD45 epitope. By single-label immunoperoxidase and double-label immunofluorescence epitope mapping of CD1a+ dendritic cells in tissue sections, it was generally difficult or impossible to detect expression of CD45RA, CD45RB, CD45RO, or 2B11. In blood dendritic cells, however, low levels of these CD45R epitopes were detected consistently using single-label immunoperoxidase staining of cytocentrifuge preparations. Monocytes were similar to blood dendritic cells except that the staining with MAb to CD45RO and 2B11 was slightly stronger. The authors conclude that dendritic cells differ from most subpopulations of lymphocytes in that CD45 common epitopes are readily detectable but the existing RA, RB, and RO epitopes are either undetectable or expressed at relatively low levels. These studies raise the possibility that CD1a+ dendritic cells may express a novel dominant CD45 isoform.
An Improved Segmentation and Coding Algorithm for Binary and Nonbinary Images (1982)

This paper presents a new segmentation and coding algorithm for nonbinary images. The algorithm performs contour coding of regions of equally valued and connected pixels. It consists of two distinct phases: raster scanning and border following. In this sense it is similar to algorithms presented by Kruse. However, the algorithm of this paper is considerably improved since it correctly segments truly nonbinary images. The basic idea of the algorithm is to “coat” (color, label) the borders (the cracks) between the regions from both sides in two separate border-following procedures called island following and object following. Thus, all adjacencies between the objects are systematically explored and noted. Furthermore, the raster scanner, which exhaustively searches the image for new regions, can easily determine from existing/nonexisting coating which boundaries have been traced out and which have not. The algorithm can be considerably simplified for the binary image case.
Circuit Synthesis from Fibonacci Decision Diagrams (2000)

In decision diagrams (DDs) methods for circuit synthesis, it is possible to directly transfer a DD for a given function f into a network realizing f by the replacement of non‐terminal nodes in the DD with the corresponding circuit modules. The chief bottleneck of mapping a DD into a network is the inherent feature that the depth of the network produced, is equal to the number of variables in f . For this reason, it is proposed a method for small depth circuit synthesis through reachability matrices describing connections among the nodes in the DD for f . In this paper, we first generalized DD methods for circuit design to Fibonacci interconnection topologies through the Fibonacci decision diagrams (FibDDs). Then, we extended the small depth circuit synthesis method to FibDDs. In this way, design methods through DDs are completely transferred from Boolean to Fibonacci topologies.
Gene Transfer for Enhancing Plant Disease Resistance to Bacterial Pathogens (1995)

Gene transfer can provide plants with a novel source of disease resistance. Two different antibacterial peptides, Shiva-1 and lactoferrin, were tested in vitro for antibacterial activity. The former is from cecropin B in insects, and the latter from human or mammal fluids such as milk. Both peptides exhibited high antibacterial activity against all tested gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterial strains. Lactoferrin was more lethal than Shiva-1. A particular lactoferrin domain showed a much higher activity against bacterial strains. A gene encoding lactoferrin was then transferred to Nicotinia tabacum L. xanthi -nc to evaluate the gene expression using Agrobacterium . Stable transformation was confirmed by Southern, Northern, and Western blot analysis. Delayed wilting of the transgenic plants inoculated with Pseudomonas solanacearum was observed. A significant positive relationship between the gene expression levels and resistance was also found by either Northern or Western blotting. Biolistic transformation using a gene gun is currently underway to transfer this novel gene to common beans.
SPAR VI Technical Report for Experiment 76-22: Directional Solidification of Magnetic Composites (1980)

Samples of eutectic Bi/MnBi were directionally solidified during a low-g interval aboard the SPAR 6 flight and in a l-g environment under identical furnace velocity and thermal conditions. The Bi/MnBi eutectic is characterized by a regular rod eutectic whose morphology may be sensitive to thermo-solutal convection and by its components, MnBi, which is ferromagnetic. Morphological analyses on samples show statistically smaller interrod spacings and rod diameters with respect to samples grown under identical solidification furnace conditions in l-g. An adjustment between the interrod spacing, growth velocity, and total undercooling at the solidification interface is proposed. Morphological analyses on samples grown in l-g indicate little difference between results for different growth orientations with respect to the gravity vector. The magnetic properties are significantly affected, however, by the presence of a nonequilibrium magnetic phase and the nonequilibrium phase transforms to the equilibrium ferromagnetic phase during isothermal heat treatment.
Therapeutic percutaneous embolization for extra-axial vascular lesions of the head, neck, and spine (1975)

Therapeutic percutaneous embolization of extra-axial vascular tumors and arteriovenous malformations was performed 41 times in 27 patients. Twenty-one patients (78%) had a clinically favorable result. In 11 of these patients, the procedure was preoperative and caused a dramatic reduction of surgical blood loss. In the remaining 10 patients with a favorable result, therapeutic embolization alone resulted in a significant clinical amelioration documented by a detailed follow-up varying from 2 to 5 years. In patients with uncontrollable epistaxis, the procedure was life-saving. The guidelines and instrumentation for a safe and effective technique are presented, based on the authors' experience with more than 100 cases of vascular lesions of the brain and spinal cord. A low-viscosity silicone polymer was developed by the authors and used clinically as an intravascular adhesive for the embolization of vascular tumors.
Evidence for Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis Regulating Luteovirus Acquisition by Aphids (1993)

The ability of five cereal grain aphid species to acquire four vector-specific isolates of barley yellow dwarf luteoviruses was tested. Aphids from New York clones of Rhopalosiphum maidis, R. padi, Schizaphis graminum, and Sitobion avenae acquired the New York type isolates of MAV, PAV, RMV, and RPV when fed on infected plants, regardless of the ability of each species to transmit the virus. Aphids from a California clone of Metopolophium dirhodum acquired MAV, PAV, and RMV, but not RPV []
Robust hepatitis C virus infection <i>in vitro</i> (2005)

The absence of a robust cell culture model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has severely limited analysis of the HCV life cycle and the development of effective antivirals and vaccines. Here we report the establishment of a simple yet robust HCV cell culture infection system based on the HCV JFH-1 molecular clone and Huh-7-derived cell lines that allows the production of virus that can be efficiently propagated in tissue culture. This system provides a powerful tool for the analysis of host-virus interactions that should facilitate the discovery of antiviral drugs and vaccines for this important human pathogen.
Multiphoton excitation of the DNA stains DAPI and Hoechst (1996)

,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole hydrochloride (DAPI) andHoechst 33342 were found to display two- or three-photon excitation from 810 to 910nm. We examined the effect of excitation wavelength on the mode of excitation forDAPI and Hoechst 33342 in the solvent isobutanol and when bound to double helicalDNA. For DAPI and Hoechst 33342 in isobutanol the mode of excitation changed fromtwo- to three-photon excitation over this wavelength range, with apparent transitionwavelengths of 855 and 880 nm, respectively. However, when bound to DNA, thetransition wavelength from two- to three-photon excitation increased for both probes.In the case of DAPI–DNA, the apparent transition wavelength increased to 868 nm,and three-photon excitation occurred above 900 nm. For Hoechst 33342–DNA themode of excitation was a mixture of two- and three-photon excitation to the longestexcitation wavelength of 910 nm, and we were unable to observe pure three-photonexcitation for Hoechst 33342–DNA. In the transition region the anisotropy of DAPIwas dependent on laser power, illustrating that the mode of excitation and transitionwavelengths will depend on the precise experimental conditions. Higher spatialresolution was observed for three-photon excitation of DAPI than for two-photonexcitation of Hoechst 33342. These results suggest that these probes can be used foreither two- or three-photon imaging of DNA or chromosomes.Keywords: ﬂuorescence, spectroscopy, imaging, time-resolved ﬂuorescence,two-photon excitation, three-photon excitation, DAPI, Hoechst 33342, two-photonmicroscopy
Intelligent speed controller for a Switched Reluctance Motor drive using FPGA (2009)

In this paper, an FPGA-based digital speed control scheme is presented to overcome the drawbacks in the previous speed control schemes, proposed for Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) drives. It is based on discrete control algorithm, and requires simple mathematical models. The real-time experimental results given in this paper show that the closed-loop speed control method proposed could provide accurate speed control upto 6.2 rpm depending on the needed operating speed range, with a step response settling time of 0.25-1.05 s. It can also perform accurately at different operating conditions and over a wide range of speeds. Complete descriptions of the experimental system along with FPGA implementation are presented.
Rotor-Tip Leakage: Part I—Basic Methodology (1982)

Blade tip losses represent a major efficiency penalty in a turbine rotor. These losses are presently controlled by maintaining close tolerances on tip clearances. This two-part paper outlines a new methodology for predicting and minimizing tip leakage flows. Part I of the paper describes a series of experiments and analyses which indicated a predominantly inviscid nature of tip leakage flow. The experiments were conducted on a series of three water flow rigs in which leakage quantities were measured over simulated blade tips. As a result of the experiments, a simple tip-leakage model is proposed that treats the normal velocity component in terms of discharge coefficient and conserves the tangential velocity (momentum) component. Identification of tip leakage controlled by a normal discharge coefficient suggests an optimum tip-treatment configuration may be designed through discharge testing of candidate configurations. A preliminary design optimization was conducted on the simple discharge rigs, and the results were evaluated on the water table cascade rig and on a turbine stage.
Meteorological and aeronomical requirements for MST radar networks (keynote paper), part 1 (1984)

Mesosphere - stratosphere - troposphere (MST) radar are phase coherent radars that measure the amplitude and Doppler shift of radio waves that are scattered back to the receiving antennas. For a monostatic system, the line-of-sight projection of the wind vector is obtained if one assumes that the atmospheric scatterers are being swept along with the wind velocity. The three-dimensional wind is then derived either by using multiple beams or by beam swinging. The turbulence intensity is derived either by measuring the backscattered power or by deriving the width of the autocorrelation function for the wind. Furthermore, some information on sharp changes in the atmospheric static stability (e.g., at the tropopause) can be obtained by looking for specular reflections. The discussion addresses the question of how these MST measurement capabilities can contribute to various meteorological and aeronomical research areas.
The Importance of NAD in Multiple Sclerosis (2009)

The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown but it manifests as a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease in the central nervous system (CNS). During chronic CNS inflammation, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) concentrations are altered by (T helper) Th1-derived cytokines through the coordinated induction of both indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the ADP cyclase CD38 in pathogenic microglia and lymphocytes. While IDO activation may keep auto-reactive T cells in check, hyper-activation of IDO can leave neuronal CNS cells starving for extracellular sources of NAD. Existing data indicate that glia may serve critical functions as an essential supplier of NAD to neurons during times of stress. Administration of pharmacological doses of non-tryptophan NAD precursors ameliorates pathogenesis in animal models of MS. Animal models of MS involve artificially stimulated autoimmune attack of myelin by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) or by viral-mediated demyelination using Thieler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). The Wld(S) mouse dramatically resists razor axotomy mediated axonal degeneration. This resistance is due to increased efficiency of NAD biosynthesis that delays stress-induced depletion of axonal NAD and ATP. Although the Wld(S) genotype protects against EAE pathogenesis, TMEV-mediated pathogenesis is exacerbated. In this review, we contrast the role of NAD in EAE versus TMEV demyelinating pathogenesis to increase our understanding of the pharmacotherapeutic potential of NAD signal transduction pathways. We speculate on the importance of increased SIRT1 activity in both PARP-1 inhibition and the potentially integral role of neuronal CD200 interactions through glial CD200R with induction of IDO in MS pathogenesis. A comprehensive review of immunomodulatory control of NAD biosynthesis and degradation in MS pathogenesis is presented. Distinctive pharmacological approaches designed for NAD-complementation or targeting NAD-centric proteins (SIRT1, SIRT2, PARP-1, GPR109a, and CD38) are outlined towards determining which approach may work best in the context of clinical application.
Detection of trace elements in liquids by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with a Meinhard nebulizer (2003)

The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of magnesium, manganese, and chromium atoms by use of a commercial Meinhard nebulizer originally designed for inductively coupled plasma measurements is described. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that this nebulizer has been used for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurements. The limit of detection is slightly lower when the nebulizer rather than a liquid jet is used in single-pulse laser excitation. In addition we present the response characteristics of the nebulizer, such as effects of variations in purge gas and liquid flow rate, that are different from normal operating specifications. The effects of gate delay, gate width, and laser power variations were also studied. The objective of the present research has been to consider a new operating mode and conditions in which a better limit of detection of trace elements in water can be obtained.