gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of bioactive substances on the gastrointestinal tract and performance of weaned piglets: a review (2009)

The EU ban on in-feed antibiotics has stimulated research on weaning diets as a way of reducing post-weaning gut disorders and growth check in pigs. Many bioactive components have been investigated but only few have shown to be effective. Amongst these, organic acids (OA) have been shown to exert a bactericidal action mediated by non-dissociated OA, by lowering gastric pH, increasing gut and pancreas enzyme secretion and improving gut wall morphology. It has been postulated that they may also enhance non-specific immune responses and improve disease resistance. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to the impact of OA on the stomach but recent data show they can differently affect gastric histology, acid secretion and gastric emptying. Butyrate and precursors of butyric acid have received special attention and although promising results have been obtained, their effects are dependent upon the dose, treatment duration, initial age of piglets, gastrointestinal site and other factors. The amino acids (AA) like glutamine, tryptophan and arginine are supportive in improving digestion, absorption and retention of nutrients by affecting tissue anabolism, stress and (or) immunity. Glutamine, cysteine and threonine are important for maintaining mucin and permeability of intestinal barrier function. Spray-dried plasma (SDP) positively affects gut morphology, inflammation and reduces acquired specific immune responses via specific and a-specific influences of immunoglobulins and other bioactive components. Effects are more pronounced in early-weaned piglets and under poorer health conditions. Little interaction between plasma protein and antibiotics has been found, suggesting distinct modes of action and additive effects. Bovine colostrum may act more or less similarly to SDP. The composition of essential oils is highly variable, depending on environmental and climatic conditions and distillation methods. These oils differ widely in their antimicrobial activity in vitro and some components of weaning diets may decrease their activity. Results in young pigs are highly variable depending upon the product and doses used. These studies suggest that relatively high concentrations of essential oils are needed for beneficial effects to be observed and it has been assumed that these plant extracts mimic most of the effects of antibiotics active on gut physiology, microbiology and immunology. Often, bioactive substances protective to the gut also stimulate feed intake and growth performance. New insights on the effects of selected OA and AA, protein sources (especially SDP, bovine colostrum) and plant extracts with anti-bacterial activities on the gut are reported in this review.
Hemolysis Near an Ultrasonically Pulsating Gas Bubble (1970)

A small volume of an erythrocyte suspension was subjected to the action of a manipulated gas bubble set into stable oscillation at 20 kilohertz. Release of hemoglobin occurred when the oscillation amplitude exceeded a critical threshold. Hydrodynamic stresses resulting from acoustically induced small-scale eddying motion near the bubble may be the mechanism of hemolysis.
Gβ Subunit Interacts with a Peptide Encoding Region 956-982 of Adenylyl Cyclase 2 (1996)

The region encoded by amino acids 956-982 of adenylyl cyclase 2 is important for Gbetagamma stimulation. Interactions of a peptide encoding the 956-982 region of adenylyl cyclase 2 (QEHAQEPERQYMHIGTMVEFAYALVGK (QEHA peptide)) with Gbetagamma subunits were studied. QEHA peptide was covalently attached to beta subunit of free Gbetagamma by the cross-linker N-succinimidyl(4-iodoacetyl)aminobenzoate. Cross-linking was proportional to the amount of QEHA peptide added; other control peptides cross-linked minimally. When Go was used, very little cross-linking was observed with GDP and EDTA, but upon activation by guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate and Mg2+, specific cross-linking of the QEHA peptide to Gbeta was observed. We conclude that beta subunits of G proteins contain effector interaction domains that are occluded by Galpha subunits in the heterotrimer. Molecular modeling studies used to dock the QEHA peptide on to Gbeta indicate that amino acids 75-165 of Gbeta may be involved in effector interactions.
Emission Polarization Study on Quartz and Calcite (1972)

Spectral emission polarization of quartz and calcite polished plates for observation angles of 20 degrees and 70 degrees is calculated by the substitution of complex index of refraction values for each mineral into Fresnel's equations. The emission polarization is shown to be quite wavelength-dependent, demonstrating that selected narrow or medium-width (Deltalambda approximately 1.5 microm) spectral bands exhibit a significantly higher percentage of polarization than a broad spectral band (Deltalambda approximately 6microm) for these two minerals. Field measurements with a broadband infrared radiometer yield polarizations on the order of 2% for a coarse-grained granite rock and beach sand (both quartz-rich). This implies that a more sensitive detector with a selected mediumwidth filter may be capable of measuring emission polarization accurately enough to make this parameter useful as a remote sensing tool for discrimination among rocks on the basis of texture.
Childbirth in Japan Compared with Childbirth in USA : Implications for Birth and Safety in Health Care (2003)

The infant mortality rate was 3.8% in Japan and 6.8% in the United States in 1999. Even though the maternal death rate per 100,000 people is 7.1% in both Japan and the U.S., how does Japan have such a low infant mortality rate? This paper will present a general understanding of the way childbearing is handled today by Japanese people in comparison to Americans, touching on controversial and important issues in both cultures.
Tourism, heritage and authenticity: state-assisted cultural commodification in suburban Sydney, Australia (2003)

Los lugares se (re)construyen para el consumo turístico a través de la promoción de ciertas imágenes con implicaciones para el entorno construido. El acto de consumir lugares en sí mismo, es una forma de creación y de alteración de dichos lugares. El consumo físico y visual de lugares conforma también el significado cultural asignado a espacios y lugares. Los nuevos significados del lugar emergen entrando a menudo en conflicto con los significados que se adscriben a la comunidad local. Esos procesos de mercantilización son bien conocidos para los teóricos y profesionales del mundo cultural. El artículo utiliza una amplia literatura para informar un estudio más específico que revela el papel de la intervención estatal en un proceso que incluye los centros suburbanos de las ciudades globales. Newtown en Sidney, Australia, está siendo remodelado mediante una convergencia de las fuerzas del mercado expresadas en la "elitización" y las iniciativas gubernamentales de carácter empresarial. En dicho proceso se muestra la pérdida de cierta autenticidad que era parte del atractivo del lugar original.
Plaque size phenotype as a selectable marker to generate vaccinia virus recombinants (1989)

In this report, we provide a new method for selection of vaccinia virus recombinants expressing foreign genes. The method is based on the use of the gene encoding the viral 14,000-molecular-weight envelope protein that rescues the small-plaque-size phenotype of a vaccinia virus variant to large-plaque-size virus. Selection of recombinants is easily obtained after visual inspection of large viral plaques.
Declining brain glucose metabolism in normal individuals with a maternal history of Alzheimer disease (2008)

<b>Background:</b> At cross-section, cognitively normal individuals (NL) with a maternal history of late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) have reduced glucose metabolism (CMRglc) on FDG-PET in the same brain regions as patients with clinical AD as compared to those with a paternal and a negative family history (FH) of AD. This longitudinal FDG-PET study examines whether CMRglc reductions in NL subjects with a maternal history of AD are progressive. <b>Methods:</b> Seventy-five 50- to 82-year-old NL received 2-year follow-up clinical, neuropsychological, and FDG-PET examinations. These included 37 subjects with negative family history of AD (FH−), 9 with paternal (FHp), and 20 with maternal AD (FHm). Two subjects had parents with postmortem confirmed AD. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare CMRglc across FH groups at baseline, follow-up, and longitudinally. <b>Results:</b> At both time points, the FH groups were comparable for demographic and neuropsychological characteristics. At baseline and at follow-up, FHm subjects showed CMRglc reductions in the parieto-temporal, posterior cingulate, and medial temporal cortices as compared to FH− and FHp (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Longitudinally, FHm had significant CMRglc declines in these regions, which were significantly greater than those in FH− and FHp (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> A maternal history of Alzheimer disease (AD) predisposes normal individuals to progressive CMRglc reductions in AD-vulnerable brain regions, which may be related to a higher risk for developing AD.
Junctional protein MAGI-3 interacts with receptor tyrosine phosphataseβ (RPTPβ) and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins (2003)

Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta (RPTP beta) mediates cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. By searching for intracellular proteins that interact with the cytoplasmic region of this phosphatase using the two-hybrid method, we identified several proteins containing PDZ domains. One of these proteins, MAGI-3, contains a guanylate-kinase-like region, six PDZ and two WW domains. The interaction between RPTP beta and MAGI-3 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and pulldown experiments in transfected cells. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that MAGI-3 is concentrated in specific sites at the plasma membrane and in the nucleus. In epithelial cells, MAGI-3 was localized with ZO-1 and cingulin at tight junctions, whereas in primary cultured astrocytes it was found in E-cadherin-based cell-cell contacts and in focal adhesion sites. Although MAGI-3 itself was not phosphorylated on tyrosine residues, it became associated with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins following a short treatment of the cells with vanadate. In glioblastoma SF763T cells MAGI-3 was associated with a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein with the apparent molecular weight of 130 kDa, whereas in Caco2 cells it was associated with a 90 kDa protein. Finally, we show that p130 served as a substrate for RPTP beta and that its dephosphorylation required the C-terminal sequence of the phosphatase, which mediated the interaction with MAGI-3. These findings suggest a possible role for MAGI-3 as a scaffolding molecule that links receptor tyrosine phosphatase with its substrates at the plasma membrane.
A Single Multi-Task Deep Neural Network with Post-Processing for Object Detection with Reasoning and Robotic Grasp Detection (2020)

Applications of deep neural network (DNN) based object and grasp detections could be expanded significantly when the network output is processed by a high-level reasoning over relationship of objects. Recently, robotic grasp detection and object detection with reasoning have been investigated using DNNs. There have been efforts to combine these multitasks using separate networks so that robots can deal with situations of grasping specific target objects in the cluttered, stacked, complex piles of novel objects from a single RGB-D camera. We propose a single multi-task DNN that yields accurate detections of objects, grasp position and relationship reasoning among objects. Our proposed methods yield state-of-the-art performance with the accuracy of 98.6% and 74.2% with the computation speed of 33 and 62 frame per second on VMRD and Cornell datasets, respectively. Our methods also yielded 95.3% grasp success rate for novel object grasping tasks with a 4-axis robot arm and 86.7% grasp success rate in cluttered novel objects with a humanoid robot.
Hetero Diels−Alder-Biocatalysis Approach for the Synthesis of (<i>S</i>)-3-[2-{(Methylsulfonyl) oxy}ethoxy]-4-(triphenylmethoxy)-1-butanol Methanesulfonate, a Key Intermediate for the Synthesis of the PKC Inhibitor LY333531<sup>1</sup> (2002)

A cost-effective and easily scaled-up process has been developed for the synthesis of (S)-3-[2-{(methylsulfonyl)oxy}ethoxy]-4-(triphenylmethoxy)-1-butanol methanesulfonate, a key intermediate used in the synthesis of a protein kinase C inhibitor drug through a combination of hetero Diels−Alder and biocatalytic reactions. The Diels−Alder reaction between ethyl glyoxylate and butadiene was used to make racemic 2-ethoxycarbonyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran. Treatment of the racemic ester with Bacillus lentus protease resulted in the selective hydrolysis of the R-enantiomer and yielded S-2-ethoxycarbonyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran in excellent optical purity, which was reduced to S-3,6-dihdro-2H-pyran-2-yl methanol. Tritylation of this alcohol, followed by reductive ozonolysis and mesylation afforded the product in 10−15% overall yield and with >99% ee and chemical purity. Details of the process development work done on each step are given.
Crystallization of Cis-Polyisoprenes in a Capillary Rheometer. II. The Effects of Experimental Parameters and Molecular Structure (1971)

Abstract Cis -polyisoprenes are readily crystallized under the pressure and orientation forces existing in a capillary rheometer. The ease at which crystallization can be effected is a complex function of the interrelationships existing among the temperature, the molecular weight, stereoregularity, and the dimensions of the capillary. For a given cis-polyisoprene and capillary, crystallization occurs more readily as the molecular weight is increased. Decreasing the diameter of the capillary and/or increasing the length of the capillary enhances the ease at which a given cis-polyisoprene can be crystallized. Using the optimum conditions presently available, natural rubber has been crystallized at 146° C. The ease at which crystallization is effected decreases drastically as the cis -1,4 content of the polyisoprene is reduced. Trans -1,4 and 3,4 are similarly effective in retarding the crystallization process and their effects are proportional to their concentrations in the molecular chains. However, polyisoprenes which will not crystallize under static conditions at −20° C are readily crystallized in the capillary rheometer at much higher temperatures.
Sesquiterpene Lactones from<i>Taraxacum obovatum</i> (2003)

Two new guaianolide glucosides, deacetylmatricarin 8-O-beta-glucopyranoside and 11beta-hydroxyleukodin 11-O-beta-glucopyranoside, were isolated from roots of Taraxacum obovatum, along with four known sesquiterpene lactones, deacetylmatricarin, sonchuside A, taraxinic acid beta-glucopyranosyl ester and its 11beta,13-dihydro derivative. Their structures were established by spectral methods.
Evolving Association Index (2001)

In this report indexing data using typed links instead of the commonly used keywords is examined. The purpose of indexing by linking is to group data items that are related as well as to discover documents of special interest without the need of providing search criterias (such as indexing categories or keywords) for those structures. What these structures are, is determined through the structure of the link graph. Therefore topics can be redefined as syntactic elements in graphs and can therefore be computed. An Evolving Association Index consists of data structure definitions for index authors and algorithms. Algorithms provide topic structures that can be used for categorizing and browsing data. In order to provide concrete examples and implementations, the approach is specialized to apply to online news publishing.
Allosteric Aptamers:  Targeted Reversibly Attenuated Probes (2005)

Aptamers are unique nucleic acids with regulatory potentials that differ markedly from those of proteins. A significant feature of aptamers not possessed by proteins is their ability to participate in at least two different types of three-dimensional structure: a single-stranded folded structure that makes multiple contacts with the aptamer target and a double-helical structure with a complementary nucleic acid sequence. We have made use of this structural flexibility to develop an aptamer-based biosensor (a targeted reversibly attenuated probe, TRAP) in which hybridization of a cis-complementary regulatory nucleic acid (attenuator) controls the ability of the aptamer to bind to its target molecule. The central portion of the TRAP, between the aptamer and the attenuator, is complementary to a target nucleic acid, such as an mRNA, which is referred to as a regulatory nucleic acid (regNA) because it regulates the activity of the aptamer in the TRAP by hybridization with the central (intervening) sequence. The studies reported here of the ATP-DNA TRAP suggest that, as well as inhibiting the aptamer, the attenuator also acts as a structural guide, much like a chaperone, to promote proper folding of the TRAP such that it can be fully activated by the regDNA. We also show that activation of the aptamer in the TRAP by the complementary nucleic acid at physiological temperatures is sensitive to single-base mismatches. Aptamers that can be regulated by a specific nucleic sequence such as in an mRNA have potential for many in vivo applications including regulating a particular enzyme or signal transduction pathway or imaging gene expression in vivo.
The Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: A Population-Based Study (2006)

Approximately 0.5% of the Canadian population has IBD. Canada has the highest incidence and prevalence of CD yet reported.
Fundamental limits of optical transparency (1998)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. W. Tkach, E. L. Goldstein, J. A. Nagel, and J. L. Strand, "Fundamental Limits of Optical Transparency," in Optical Networks and Their Applications, R. Barry, ed., Vol. 20 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optica Publishing Group, 1998), paper OV1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The Effect of L-citrulline Ingestion on ECG QT Interval and Autonomic Nervous System Activity (2011)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of L-citrulline ingestion on ECG QT interval. To accomplish this purpose, nine male subjects (age: 23.4±0.5 years, weight: 57.7±5.6 kg) participated, who had no history of cardiovascular or respiratory function disorders. Each subject performed two tests (L-citrulline and placebo ingestion) on a separate day. ECG was taken before, and 60 min and 90 min after L-citrulline ingestion. The heart-rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) decreased significantly 60 min (p=0.0004) and 90 min (p=0.011) after L-citrulline ingestion. However, there were no significant changes after placebo ingestion. In addition, the interaction between L-citrulline ingestion and placebo was significant (two-way ANOVA: interaction, p=0.010). Our major finding was that L-citrulline ingestion decreases the QT interval in healthy subjects. This result suggests that transient L-citrulline ingestion may shorten the time required to complete myocardial depolarization and repolarization.
IBM POWER6 partition mobility: Moving virtual servers seamlessly between physical systems (2007)

This paper presents the IBM Power Architecture™ extension for enhanced virtualization that is first implemented in the POWER6™ processor. Virtual partition memory enables all of the memory of a virtual server running in a logical partition to be made virtual by the POWER Hypervisor™ firmware. The Processor Compatibility register allows backward compatibility by providing a mode in which a POWER6 processor behaves like a POWER5™ processor. Enhancements to the timebase facility enable updates to the virtual timebase of a logical partition while maintaining consistency with other partitions in the system. These fundamental enhancements are explained and their role in implementing the new partition mobility function is described. Partition mobility allows the seamless migration of virtual servers from one physical POWER6 microprocessor-based system to another.
A Cost-Effective Method of Electric Brake With Energy Regeneration for Electric Vehicles (2009)

This paper proposes a simple but effective method of electric brake with energy regeneration for a brushless DC motor of an electric vehicle (EV). During the braking period, the proposed method only changes the switching sequence of the inverter to control the inverse torque so that the braking energy will return to the battery. Compared with the presented methods, the proposed solution simultaneously achieves dual goals of the electric brake and the energy regeneration without using additional converter, ultracapacitor, or complex winding-changeover technique. Since the braking kinetic energy is converted into the electrical energy and then returns to the battery, the energy regeneration could increase the driving range of an EV. In addition to the braking period, the duration of release throttle is also included in the energy-regenerative mechanism such that the EV is similar to engine vehicles having the engine brake. Therefore, the electric brake can improve rider's comfort and enhance the EV's safety. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by experimental results. It shows that the driving range of the EV could be increased to about 16.2%.
Susceptibilities of Human Cytomegalovirus Clinical Isolates and Other Herpesviruses to New Acetylated, Tetrahalogenated Benzimidazole <scp>d</scp> -Ribonucleosides (2009)

Recently we characterized two inhibitors targeting the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) terminase, 2-bromo-4,5,6-trichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl) benzimidazole (BTCRB) and 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl) benzimidazole (Cl(4)RB). The terminase consists of the ATP-hydrolyzing subunit pUL56 and the subunit pUL89 required for duplex nicking. Because mammalian cell DNA replication does not involve cleavage of concatemeric DNA by a terminase, these compounds represent attractive alternative HCMV antivirals. We now have tested these previously identified benzimidazole ribonucleosides in order to determine if they are active against HCMV clinical isolates as well as those of herpes simplex virus type 1, mouse cytomegalovirus, rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Antiviral activity was quantified by measurement of viral plaque formation (plaque reduction) and by viral growth kinetics. Interestingly, both BTCRB and Cl(4)RB had an inhibitory effect in ganciclovir (GCV)-sensitive and GCV-resistant clinical isolates, with the best effect produced by Cl(4)RB. Electron microscopy revealed that in cells infected with GCV-sensitive or GCV-resistant isolates, B capsids and dense bodies were formed mainly. Furthermore, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that cleavage of concatenated DNA was inhibited in clinical isolates. In addition, the antiviral effect on other herpesviruses was determined. Interestingly, in plaque reduction assays, BTCRB was active against all tested herpesviruses. The best effects were observed on VZV- and RCMV-infected cells. These results demonstrate that the new compounds are highly active against GCV-resistant and GCV-sensitive clinical isolates and slightly active against other herpesviruses.