gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indium-111-labeled human platelets: improved method, efficacy, and evaluation. (1981)

An improved method for labeling human platelets with In-111 oxine is described. The method used modified Tyrode's solution (MTS) as a labeling medium and allowed 86 +/- 7% incorporation of In-111 into platelets, which upon stimulation with ADP aggregated 66 +/- 15% of control platelets. This compared favorably with the 5% radioactivity uptake in plasma and the 36 and 55% aggregability of platelets labeled in saline and citrated saline, respectively. The influence of parameters affecting the platelet aggregability were examined. The studies revealed that excess of oxine (50 microgram oxine/1.6 x 10(9) platelets in 1 ml MTS), and centrifugation at greater than 1000 g, reduced platelet aggregability. Excess of oxine also caused a dose-dependent release of In-111 from platelets labeled either in MTS or in plasma, but 4 millimol EDTA did not. Release of In-111 upon aggregation of platelets labeled in either medium was negligible.
Alpha-amylase supplementation of broiler diets based on corn (2003)

A 42-d trial was conducted to study the influence of exogenous alpha-amylase on digestive and performance traits in broilers fed a corn-soybean meal diet. There were two treatments (control and alpha-amylase supplemented diet) and six replicates (14 Cobb male chicks caged together) per treatment. At 7 d of age, alpha-amylase supplementation improved daily gain by 9.4% (P < or = 0.05) and feed conversion by 4.2% (P < or = 0.01). At the end of the trial, birds fed the alpha-amylase-supplemented diet ate more and grew faster (P < or = 0.05) and hadbetter feed conversion (P < or = 0.10) than broilers fed the control diet. Also, alpha-amylase supplementation improved apparent fecal digestibility of organic matter and starch (P < or = 0.01) and AMEn of the diet (P < or = 0.001). However, no effects were detected for CP or fat digestibility. Nutrient digestibility and AMEn of the diet increased with age (P < or = 0.001); however, no interactions of alpha-amylase x age were observed for any trait. Coefficients of apparent ileal and fecal digestibility of starch at 28 d of age were similar, which indicated that most of the undigested starch was not fermented in the hindgut of the chick. alpha-Amylase supplementation reduced relative pancreas weight (P < or = 0.001) but did not affect the weight of the remaining organs. Age consistently reduced intestinal viscosity and relative weights of all the organs (P < or = 0.001). The data indicated that alpha-amylase supplementation of a corn-soybean meal diet improved digestibility of nutrients and performance of broilers.
Lorentz Meets Fano in Spectral Line Shapes: A Universal Phase and Its Laser Control (2013)

Symmetric Lorentzian and asymmetric Fano line shapes are fundamental spectroscopic signatures that quantify the structural and dynamical properties of nuclei, atoms, molecules, and solids. This study introduces a universal temporal-phase formalism, mapping the Fano asymmetry parameter q to a phase φ of the time-dependent dipole response function. The formalism is confirmed experimentally by laser-transforming Fano absorption lines of autoionizing helium into Lorentzian lines after attosecond-pulsed excitation. We also demonstrate the inverse, the transformation of a naturally Lorentzian line into a Fano profile. A further application of this formalism uses quantum-phase control to amplify extreme-ultraviolet light resonantly interacting with He atoms. The quantum phase of excited states and its response to interactions can thus be extracted from line-shape analysis, with applications in many branches of spectroscopy.
What EMC is, and some examples of EMC problems caused by software (1998)

EMC is an acronym for Electromagnetic Compatibility, and before we can understand how software can cause EMC problems we first need to be clear about what EMC is. Products and systems which use electricity and/or electronics are said to be Electromagnetically Compatible when their emissions do not cause unacceptable interference with other electrical and/or electronic products and systems, and when they have sufficient immunity to operate as required in their electromagnetic environment. The tiny electrical charges or magnetic states, used to represent stored programs or data, are easily corrupted by electromagnetic pollution in their environment. However, in addition, digital bits being communicated on conductors can be also be corrupted by a number of continuous or transient electromagnetic phenomena. The instruction to read what is stored at memory location 077F can result in program corruption when an interfering event causes 177F (or any other location) to be read instead.
Ubiquitylation activates a peptidase that promotes cleavage and destabilization of its activating E3 ligases and diverse growth regulatory proteins to limit cell proliferation in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2017)

The characteristic shapes and sizes of organs are established by cell proliferation patterns and final cell sizes, but the underlying molecular mechanisms coordinating these are poorly understood. Here we characterize a ubiquitin-activated peptidase called DA1 that limits the duration of cell proliferation during organ growth in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> The peptidase is activated by two RING E3 ligases, Big Brother (BB) and DA2, which are subsequently cleaved by the activated peptidase and destabilized. In the case of BB, cleavage leads to destabilization by the RING E3 ligase PROTEOLYSIS 1 (PRT1) of the N-end rule pathway. DA1 peptidase activity also cleaves the deubiquitylase UBP15, which promotes cell proliferation, and the transcription factors TEOSINTE BRANCED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF 15 (TCP15) and TCP22, which promote cell proliferation and repress endoreduplication. We propose that DA1 peptidase activity regulates the duration of cell proliferation and the transition to endoreduplication and differentiation during organ formation in plants by coordinating the destabilization of regulatory proteins.
Menin and MLL cooperatively regulate expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (2005)

Mutations in the MEN1 gene are associated with the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 (MEN1), which is characterized by parathyroid hyperplasia and tumors of the pituitary and pancreatic islets. The mechanism by which MEN1 acts as a tumor suppressor is unclear. We have recently shown that menin, the MEN1 protein product, interacts with mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) family proteins in a histone methyltransferase complex including Ash2, Rbbp5, and WDR5. Here, we show that menin directly regulates expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27Kip1 and p18Ink4c. Menin activates transcription by means of a mechanism involving recruitment of MLL to the p27Kip1 and p18Ink4c promoters and coding regions. Loss of function of either MLL or menin results in down-regulation of p27Kip1 and p18Ink4c expression and deregulated cell growth. These findings suggest that regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor transcription by cooperative interaction between menin and MLL plays a central role in menin's activity as a tumor suppressor.
Phase contrast image segmentation using a Laue analyser crystal (2011)

Dual-energy x-ray imaging is a powerful tool enabling two-component samples to be separated into their constituent objects from two-dimensional images. Phase contrast x-ray imaging can render the boundaries between media of differing refractive indices visible, despite them having similar attenuation properties; this is important for imaging biological soft tissues. We have used a Laue analyser crystal and a monochromatic x-ray source to combine the benefits of both techniques. The Laue analyser creates two distinct phase contrast images that can be simultaneously acquired on a high-resolution detector. These images can be combined to separate the effects of x-ray phase, absorption and scattering and, using the known complex refractive indices of the sample, to quantitatively segment its component materials. We have successfully validated this phase contrast image segmentation (PCIS) using a two-component phantom, containing an iodinated contrast agent, and have also separated the lungs and ribcage in images of a mouse thorax. Simultaneous image acquisition has enabled us to perform functional segmentation of the mouse thorax throughout the respiratory cycle during mechanical ventilation.
Phase-shift calibration algorithm for phase-shifting interferometry (2000)

We propose a novel phase-shift calibration algorithm. With this technique we determine the unknown phase shift between two interferograms by examining the sums and differences of the intensities on each interferogram at the same spatial location, i.e., I1(x, y) +/- I2(x, y). These intensities are normalized so that they become sinusoidal in form. A uniformly illuminated region of the interferograms that contains at least a 2pi variation in phase is examined. The extrema of these sums and differences are found in this region and are used to find the unknown phase shift. An error analysis of the algorithm is provided. In addition, an error-correction algorithm is implemented. The method is tested by numerical simulation and implemented experimentally. The numerical tests, including digitization error, indicate that the phase step has a root-mean-square (RMS) phase error of less than 10(-6) deg. Even in the presence of added intensity noise (5% amplitude) the RMS error does not exceed 1 deg. The accuracy of the technique is not sensitive to nonlinearity in the interferogram.
Contour-based 3D point cloud simplification for modeling freeform surfaces (2009)

The reconstruction of accurate freeform surface models of 3D scanned objects is a common task encountered in creating virtual reality environments for anatomical reconstruction, cartography, cultural artifact modeling, digital archaeology, infrastructure renewal, and computer-aided design. Difficulties occur in reconstructing smooth surfaces from these scanned data sets because the acquired data is very large and is often infiltrated with scanning errors. For surface reconstruction, visualization, and interactive virtual modeling, it is necessary to reduce the amount of raw scanned data. Many existing data simplification techniques are complex and not directly applicable to spline-based surface models. A novel two stage contour-based data simplification algorithm is introduced in this paper and applied to facial surface reconstruction, which may be used for human modeling for computer games or model creation for virtual museums. The first stage extracts a series of equally spaced sectioned contours directly from a dense 3D data points. In the second stage, each extracted contour is redefined as a cubic B-spline curve by reduced number of control points defined by a user defined reduction ratio. A lofted surface is finally created from these reconstructed contours. The effectiveness of the synthetic surface reconstruction algorithm is demonstrated using its deviation values from its original point cloud data set. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm generates a fairly accurate spline based facial model with only 5-20% of the actual scanned data, based upon the surface complexity. Performance can be improved by increasing the number of extracted contours, followed by a greater reduction ratio in the second data simplification stage.
Polymerization of Cationic Surfactant Phases (2001)

Mixtures of polymerizable surfactants have been employed to select control over interfacial curvature and phase structure, in aqueous micelles, lyotropic mesophases, and water-in-oil microemulsions. These surfactants were 11-(methacryloyloxy)undecyltrimethylammonium bromide (A), dodecyl(11-(methacryloyloxy)undecyl)dimethylammonium bromide (B), and cetyltrimethylammonium 4-vinylbenzoate (C). The single chain A and double chain B have reactive hydrophobic chain tips, whereas the single chain C possesses a polymerizable vinyl benzoate hydrophilic counterion. Aqueous micelles, composed of mixtures of these surfactants, can be polymerized to yield single-phase, stable solutions. Polymerization was confirmed by disappearance of characteristic vinyl signals in the 1H NMR spectra, and line broadening, as would be expected in polymerized micelles. Furthermore, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) indicates that micelle structures were broadly retained after polymerization. SANS has shown that these polymerized structures persist below the critical micelle concentration of the nonpolymerized system. With lyotropic mesophases, polarizing light microscopy coupled with SAXS indicates retention of the lamellar (Lα) phase after polymerization and, for hexagonal (H1) phases, evidence for long-range order in the polymerized sample. Finally, films in water-in-oil microemulsions composed of A and B surfactant mixtures were also studied. After polymerization, NMR indicated around 35% conversion to the surface-active polymer. SANS showed that the droplet size may be tuned by film composition and that the parent droplet structure was retained after polymerization.
Pathfinding in multi-robot systems: Solution and applications (1986)

In the paper a general approach is given to the solution of the findpath problem in multi-robot systems based on a suitable structuring of the hierarchical overall system. The method developed uses a systematic design procedure for multi-robot systems which includes the design of the hierarchical coordinator for on-line collision avoidance. The efficiency of this new approach is demonstrated by several cases like the interaction of three stationary robots with different obstacles as well as by the interaction of mobile robots and moving obstacles.
Development of Fluconazole Resistance in<i>Candida albicans</i>Causing Disseminated Infection in a Patient Undergoing Marrow Transplantation (1997)

Oral candidiasis due to azole-resistant Candida albicans is an increasing problem in patients with AIDS who received prolonged periods of fluconazole prophylaxis. Infection with C. albicans is also frequent in patients undergoing transplantation. However, azole resistance has not been appreciated as a major problem for these patients, presumably because they receive a relatively short duration of fluconazole prophylaxis. We describe a case of disseminated candidiasis due to fluconazole-resistant C. albicans in a patient following marrow transplantation. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with use of the C. albicans strain-specific Ca3 probe was performed on sequential isolates. Identical banding patterns were obtained, thereby confirming that a fluconazole-susceptible endogenous C. albicans acquired azole resistance during a brief exposure to the drug and subsequently caused disseminated infection. This observation raises questions regarding the incidence, significance, and mechanism of azole resistance in fungi causing infection in this population.
Optimal Randomized RANSAC (2008)

A randomized model verification strategy for RANSAC is presented. The proposed method finds, like RANSAC, a solution that is optimal with user-specified probability. The solution is found in time that is (i) close to the shortest possible and (ii) superior to any deterministic verification strategy. A provably fastest model verification strategy is designed for the (theoretical) situation when the contamination of data by outliers is known. In this case, the algorithm is the fastest possible (on average) of all randomized \\RANSAC algorithms guaranteeing a confidence in the solution. The derivation of the optimality property is based on Wald's theory of sequential decision making, in particular a modified sequential probability ratio test (SPRT). Next, the R-RANSAC with SPRT algorithm is introduced. The algorithm removes the requirement for a priori knowledge of the fraction of outliers and estimates the quantity online. We show experimentally that on standard test data the method has performance close to the theoretically optimal and is 2 to 10 times faster than standard RANSAC and is up to 4 times faster than previously published methods.
THE REACTIONS OF H AND D ATOMS WITH CYCLIC AND PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS (1951)

The reactions of H and D atoms, produced by the discharge method, with benzene, four cycloalkanes, and the corresponding normal paraffins have been investigated at room temperature. Methane is the major product of each reaction. Collision yields have been calculated on the basis of hydrocarbon disappearance and exchange. Of the cycloalkanes, cyclopropane is the most inert with cyclopentane the most reactive. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane do not exchange with D atoms but benzene, cyclopentane, and cyclohexane undergo considerable exchange. In the case of the normal paraffins the degree of exchange increases with increasing molecular weight.It is concluded that the initial reaction[Formula: see text]is responsible for the products formed in the reactions but other primary processes may be responsible for the exchange of these hydrocarbons.
Automatic Extract Handwriting Marked Regions in Business Document Images (2018)

One of the difficulties in the automation of market trading, data crawling in commercial activities, such as banking operation is the identification of handwriting marked regions. This is the first and important step in mixed-document image understanding. In this paper, we propose a method to extract the handwriting marked regions in business forms. Our method is a combination of printed form analysis and colored handwritten symbols detection. This program is primarily designed to support commercial activities and assist users in document layout analysis. Evaluated on the real commercial dataset, the method achieved high performance.
Potentiation of Glucocorticoid Receptor Transcriptional Activity by Sumoylation (2002)

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a transcription factor, subject to several types of posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation and ubiquitination. We showed that the GR is covalently modified by the small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (SUMO-1) peptide in mammalian cells. We demonstrated that GR sumoylation is not dependent on the presence of the ligand and regulates the stability of the protein as well as its transcriptional activity. SUMO-1 overexpression induces dramatic GR degradation, abolished by proteasome inhibition. We also found that SUMO-1 stimulates the transactivation capacity of GRs to an extent largely exceeding those observed so far for other sumoylated transcription factors. Overexpression of SUMO-1 specifically enhances the ligand-induced transactivation of GR up to 8-fold. However, this hyperactivation occurs only in the context of a synergy between multiple molecules of GRs. It requires more than one receptor DNA-binding site in promoter and becomes more prominent as the number of sites increases. Interestingly, these observations may be related to the transcriptional properties of the synergy control region of GRs, which precisely contains two evolutionary conserved sumoylation sites. We propose a model in which SUMO-1 regulates the synergy control function of GR and serves as a unique signal for activation and destruction.
Don't forget to lock your SIB: hiding instruments using P1687 (2013)

IEEE P1687 is a valuable tool for accessing on-chip instruments during test, diagnosis, debug, and board configuration. However, most of these instruments should not be available to an end user in the field. We propose a method for hiding instruments in a P1687 network that utilizes a “locking” segment insertion bit (LSIB) that can only be opened when pre-defined values, corresponding to a key, are present in particular bits in the chain. We also introduce “trap” bits, which can further reduce the effectiveness of brute force attacks by permanently locking an LSIB when an incorrect value is written to the trap's update register. Only a global reset will allow the LSIB to become operable again. In this paper, we investigate the cost and effectiveness of LSIBs and traps in several different configurations and show that these relatively small modifications to the P1687 network can make undocumented instrument access exceedingly difficult.
Hemodialysis-Induced Cardiac Injury (2009)

HD-induced myocardial stunning is common, and may contribute to the development of heart failure and increased mortality in HD patients. Enhanced understanding of dialysis-induced cardiac injury may provide novel therapeutic targets to reduce currently excessive rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
The Looking-Glass (1943)

Primary training is a combination of continued Lean Approaches to help flatten the organization to drive out costs at all levels, Leadership Expanded training which includes building champion teams, managing and behavioral styles, organizational skills and conflict resolution, Quality Focus including the holistic views and implementation of Value based Customer Service, Good Manufacturing Practices and Six Sigma Methodology.
Sensitivity to carcinogenesis is increased and chemoprotective efficacy of enzyme inducers is lost in <i>nrf2</i> transcription factor-deficient mice (2001)

Induction of phase 2 enzymes, which neutralize reactive electrophiles and act as indirect antioxidants, appears to be an effective means for achieving protection against a variety of carcinogens in animals and humans. Transcriptional control of the expression of these enzymes is mediated, at least in part, through the antioxidant response element (ARE) found in the regulatory regions of their genes. The transcription factor Nrf2, which binds to the ARE, appears to be essential for the induction of prototypical phase 2 enzymes such as glutathione S -transferases (GSTs) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). Constitutive hepatic and gastric activities of GST and NQO1 were reduced by 50–80% in nrf2 -deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, the 2- to 5-fold induction of these enzymes in wild-type mice by the chemoprotective agent oltipraz, which is currently in clinical trials, was almost completely abrogated in the nrf2 -deficient mice. In parallel with the enzymatic changes, nrf2 -deficient mice had a significantly higher burden of gastric neoplasia after treatment with benzo[ a ]pyrene than did wild-type mice. Oltipraz significantly reduced multiplicity of gastric neoplasia in wild-type mice by 55%, but had no effect on tumor burden in nrf2 -deficient mice. Thus, Nrf2 plays a central role in the regulation of constitutive and inducible expression of phase 2 enzymes in vivo and dramatically influences susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Moreover, the total loss of anticarcinogenic efficacy of oltipraz in the nrf2 -disrupted mice highlights the prime importance of elevated phase 2 gene expression in chemoprotection by this and similar enzyme inducers.
Frame Buffer Access Reduction for MPEG Video Decoder (2008)

Frame buffer power consumption and bandwidth requirement are two critical design issues in MPEG video decoders due to the overwhelming amount of frame data accesses. This paper proposes a reusable macroblock detector (RMD) which exploits the characteristic of a stationary macroblock (MB) to identify the reusable MBs in the frame buffer and avoid unnecessary data transfers. The RMD on average reduces about one quarter of the frame buffer accesses for 18 video sequences.