gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secondary Protection for 70 MPa Fueling - A White Paper from the Hydrogen Safety Panel (2009)

In developing a 70 megapascal (MPa) fueling infrastructure, it is critical to ensure that a vehicle equipped with a lower service pressure fuel tank is never filled from a 70 MPa fueling source. Filling of a lower service pressure vehicle at a 70 MPa fueling source is likely to result in a catastrophic event with severe injuries or fatalities. The Hydrogen Safety Panel recommends that DOE undertake a two-step process to address this issue: 1. Perform an independent risk analysis of a 70MPa dispenser filling a lower pressure vehicle tank and develop different approaches for prevention and mitigation to meet an acceptable level of safety. Cost effectiveness, reliability, advantages and disadvantages are among the factors that should be evaluated for each approach considered. 2. Until such time as this analysis is complete and any recommended actions implemented, communicate the potential risk to responsible parties and strongly encourage those parties to add a secondary layer of protection to the existing system of mechanically non-interchangeable nozzles/receptacles. This will reduce the probability of a pressure mismatch during this developmental phase for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and infrastructure. This step can be reassessed after further analysis is completed and the need and effectiveness of secondary protection methods are evaluated. This paper provides background discussion of the problem, current safety systems and strategy and examples of potential future solutions to support the above recommendations.
Power Message Generation in Smart Grid via Generative Adversarial Network (2019)

As the next generation of the power system, smart grid develops towards automated and intellectualized. Along with the benefits brought by smart grids, e.g., improved energy conversion rate, power utilization rate, and power supply quality, are the security challenges. One of the most important issues in smart grids is to ensure reliable communication between the secondary equipment. The state-of-art method to ensure smart grid security is to detect cyber attacks by deep learning. However, due to the small number of negative samples, the performance of the detection system is limited. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that utilizes the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to generate abundant negative samples, which helps to improve the performance of the state-of-art detection system. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the performance of the detection system by 4%.
Dynamic Verification of Memory Consistency in Cache-Coherent Multithreaded Computer Architectures (2008)

Multithreaded servers with cache-coherent shared memory are the dominant type of machines used to run critical network services and database management systems. To achieve the high availability required for these tasks, it is necessary to incorporate mechanisms for error detection and recovery. Correct operation of the memory system is defined by the memory consistency model. Errors can therefore be detected by checking if the observed memory system behavior deviates from the specified consistency model. Based on recent work, we design a framework for dynamic verification of memory consistency (DVMC). The framework consists of mechanisms to verify three invariants that are proven to guarantee that a specified memory consistency model is obeyed. We describe an implementation of the framework for the SPARCv9 architecture, and we experimentally evaluate its performance using full-system simulation of commercial workloads.
Receptor Mediated Targeting of Lectin Conjugated Gliadin Nanoparticles in the Treatment of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (2003)

The present work describes the potential for using lectin-conjugated gliadin nanoparticles as a means of locating and anchoring a drug delivery system on the carbohydrate receptors of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Gliadin nanoparticles (GNP) bearing acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) were prepared by a desolvation method. Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin I (UEA I) and Conconavalin A (Con A) lectins were bound to GNP formulations by the two-stage carbodiimide coupling technique. Lectin-agglutination assay was performed to evaluate the binding efficacy of lectin formulations to carbohydrate receptors of H. pylori strains. Strong agglutination patterns were observed with mannose-specific Con A-GNP and alpha(L)-fucose specific UEA-GNP formulations. In situ adherence assay was performed to examine the efficacy of lectin formulations to inhibit the binding of H. pylori strains with human stomach cells. Lectin formulations completely inhibited the H. pylori binding. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the formulations was evaluated by percent growth inhibition studies (%GI) by using isolated H. pylori strain. The inhibitory efficacy of UEA-GNP and Con A-GNP was approximately two-fold higher compared to GNP. These lectin-conjugated gliadin nanoparticles are found to be potential candidate for targeted drug delivery and are anticipated to be useful in the treatment of H. pylori.
Nonvertebrate Hemoglobins: Functions and Molecular Adaptations (2001)

Hemoglobin (Hb) occurs in all the kingdoms of living organisms. Its distribution is episodic among the nonvertebrate groups in contrast to vertebrates. Nonvertebrate Hbs range from single-chain globins found in bacteria, algae, protozoa, and plants to large, multisubunit, multidomain Hbs found in nematodes, molluscs and crustaceans, and the giant annelid and vestimentiferan Hbs comprised of globin and nonglobin subunits. Chimeric hemoglobins have been found recently in bacteria and fungi. Hb occurs intracellularly in specific tissues and in circulating red blood cells (RBCs) and freely dissolved in various body fluids. In addition to transporting and storing O(2) and facilitating its diffusion, several novel Hb functions have emerged, including control of nitric oxide (NO) levels in microorganisms, use of NO to control the level of O(2) in nematodes, binding and transport of sulfide in endosymbiont-harboring species and protection against sulfide, scavenging of O(2 )in symbiotic leguminous plants, O(2 )sensing in bacteria and archaebacteria, and dehaloperoxidase activity useful in detoxification of chlorinated materials. This review focuses on the extensive variation in the functional properties of nonvertebrate Hbs, their O(2 )binding affinities, their homotropic interactions (cooperativity), and the sensitivities of these parameters to temperature and heterotropic effectors such as protons and cations. Whenever possible, it attempts to relate the ligand binding properties to the known molecular structures. The divergent and convergent evolutionary trends evident in the structures and functions of nonvertebrate Hbs appear to be adaptive in extending the inhabitable environment available to Hb-containing organisms.
The Use of Subseries Values for Estimating the Variance of a General Statistic from a Stationary Sequence (1986)

Let $Z_i:-\infty<i <+\infty}$ be a strictly stationary $\infty$ -mixing sequence. Without specifying the dependence model giving rise to ${Z_i}$ and without specifying the marginal distribution of $Z_i$ , we address the question of variance estimation for a general statistic $t_n=t_n (Z_1,...,Z_n)$. For estimating $Var{t_n}$ from just the available data $(Z_1,...,Z_n)$ we propose computing subseries values: $t_m(Z_{i+1},Z_{i+2}, Z_{i+m})$, $0\leq i<i+m\leq n$. These subseries values are used as replicates to model the sampling variability of $t_n$. In particular, we use adjacent nonoverlapping subseries of length $m = m_n$, with $m_\rightarrow\ infty$ and $m_n/n\rigtharrow 0$. Our variance estimator is just the usual sample variance computed amongst these subseries values (after appropriate standardization). This estimator is shown to be consistent under mild integrability conditions. We present optimal (i.e.,minimum m.s.e.) choices of $m_n$ for the special case where $t_n=\overset{-}{Z}_n$ and ${Z_i}$ is a normal AR(1) sequence. A simulation study is conducted, showing that those same choices of $m_n$ are effective when $t_n$ is a robust estimator of location and ${Z_i}$ is subject to contamination.
Compact and phase-error-robust multilayered AWG-based wavelength selective switch driven by a single LCOS (2013)

A novel liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS)-based wavelength selective switch (WSS) is proposed, fabricated, and demonstrated. It employs a multilayered arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) as a wavelength multiplex/demultiplexer. The LCOS deflects spectrally decomposed beams channel by channel and switches them to desired waveguide layers of the multilayered AWG. In order to obtain the multilayered AWG with high yield, phase errors of the AWG is externally compensated for by an additional phase modulation with the LCOS. This additional phase modulation is applied to the equivalent image of the facet of the AWG, which is projected by a relay lens. In our previously-reported WSS configuration, somewhat large footprint and increased cost were the drawbacks, since two LCOSs were required: one LCOS was driven for the inter-port switching operation, and the other was for the phase-error compensation. In the newly proposed configuration, on the other hand, both switching and compensation operations are performed using a single LCOS. This reduction of the component count is realized by introducing the folded configuration with a reflector. The volume of the WSS optics is 80 × 100 × 60 mm<sup>3</sup>, which is approximately 40% smaller than the previous configuration. The polarization-dependent loss and inter-channel crosstalk are less than 1.5 dB and -21.0 dB, respectively. An error-free transmission of 40-Gbit/s NRZ-OOK signal through the WSS is successfully demonstrated.
Trapped Flux and Critical Currents in Superconducting Thin-Film Rings (1962)

Critical persistent currents have been measured in thin-film tin rings by a mechanical method which utilizes the magnetic moment due to trapped flux in such rings. In addition, this technique yields a measurement of the penetration depth for critical persistent currents in thin films. Currents slightly less than critical have been shown to be truly persistent for periods of more than 10 hours in films whose thickness is less than 5% of the penetration depth. It is found that for tin films less than 700 Å thick, current densities greater than 10^6 amp/cm^2 can be readily achieved within a degree of the transition temperature.
Absence or masking of metabolic fractionations of <sup>13</sup>C in a freshwater benthic food web (1996)

1. Although marine research has indicated that metabolic fractionations of 13 C due to differences in organismal trophic position and proximal composition can complicate the isotopic interpretation of energy flow pathways, such potentially confounding problems have never been examined in freshwater benthic food webs. 2. The δ 13 C values of animals comprising a littoral benthic food web composited from four Canadian Shield lakes showed no relationship with either individual trophic position (δ 15 N) or lipid content (C/N ratios). 3. Differences in the relative incorporation of autochthonous and allochthonous energy sources by freshwater benthic organisms will alter their δ 13 C and δ 15 N values, thereby masking any possibility of observing 13 C trophic enrichment. 4. Removal of the possibly confounding influences of lipids through either empirical correction or by analytical extraction may be unnecessary in studies of freshwater benthic food webs. Likewise, a priori adjustments in δ 13 C for freshwater benthic organisms in order to accommodate trophic fractionations which are presumed to occur, based on data from marine offshore food webs, may also be inappropriate.
A Low-Cost and Low-Power Time-to-Digital Converter Using Triple-Slope Time Stretching (2011)

In this brief, we present a time-to-digital converter (TDC) in which a single interpolator is used to improve the resolution by time stretching. The interpolator is based on a triple-slope conversion. Without slowing down the measured event, this approach extensively reduces the chip area and the corresponding power consumption, as compared with the prior arts with two parallel time interpolators. A prototype was designed and fabricated in a 0.35- μm CMOS digital process, and its core area merely occupies 0.126 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Measurements show that our TDC achieves a resolution of 357 ps while consuming 1.22 mW with a 2.5-V supply. The dynamic range of the TDC exceeds 1.46 μs. The measurement rate can achieve above 400 kS/s.
Highly reduced annulenes. Novel probes for spectroscopy and theory (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly reduced annulenes. Novel probes for spectroscopy and theoryK. Muellen, W. Huber, T. Meul, M. Nakagawa, and M. IyodaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 20, 5403–5411Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00384a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Visual acuity in two-photon infrared vision (2017)

Humans can detect infrared light at wavelengths over 1000 nm, perceived as visible light of the corresponding half wavelength. This is due to a two-photon (2P) absorption process, which requires sufficiently large amounts of luminous energy. For safety reasons, this energy must be delivered by pulsed light sources well focused in the retina. Although this effect has been known for several decades, the spatial properties of 2P vision in comparison to normal vision have not yet elucidated. We have developed a new experimental system to measure, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, visual acuity mediated by 2P absorption and compare it against that with visible light. The spatial resolution of 2P infrared vision is the same as in normal visible light. However, the use of 2P infrared vision may have some future potential applications, for example, in permitting vision in those cases with opaque optical media to visible wavelengths while keeping some transparency in the infrared.
I/O performance of virtualized cloud environments (2011)

The scientific community is exploring the suitability of cloud infrastructure to handle High Performance Computing (HPC) applications. The goal of Magellan, a project funded through DOE ASCR, is to investigate the potential role of cloud computing to address the computing needs of the Department of Energy's Office of Science, especially for mid-range computing and data-intensive applications which are not served through existing DOE centers today. Prior work has shown that applications with significant communication or I/O tend to perform poorly in virtualized cloud environments. However, there is a limited understanding of the I/O characteristics in virtualized cloud environments. This paper will present our results in benchmarking the I/O performance over different cloud and HPC platforms to identify the major bottlenecks in existing infrastructure. We compare the I/O performance using IOR benchmark on two cloud platforms - Amazon and the Magellan cloud testbed. We analyze the performance of different storage options available, different instance types in multiple availability zones. Finally, we perform large-scale tests in order to analyze the variability in the I/O patterns over time and region. Our results highlight the overhead and variability in I/O performance on both public and private cloud solutions. Our results will help applications decide between the different storage options enabling applications to make effective choices.
Working towards Usable Forms on the World Wide Web: Optimizing Date Entry Input Fields (2011)

When an interactive form in the world wide web requires users to fill in exact dates, this can be implemented in several ways. This paper discusses an empirical online study with n = 172 participants which compared six different versions to design input fields for date entries. The results revealed that using a drop-down menu is best when format errors must be avoided, whereas using only one input field and placing the format requirements left or inside the text box led to faster completion time and higher user satisfaction.
New crosslinked cast films based on poly(vinyl alcohol): Preparation and physico-chemical properties (2014)

In this paper, we propose a green route to prepare insoluble poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) cast films with potential application as antimicrobial packaging. First PVOH films were cast from different aqueous solutions and analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) to determine their physical properties under two storage conditions. In order to obtain insoluble films, PVOH was then crosslinked by citric acid (CTR) as confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses. The crosslinking reaction parameters (curing time, crosslinker content) were studied by comparing the characteristics of PVOH/CTR films, such as free COOH content and glass transition temperature (T g ) value, as well as the impact of the crosslinking reaction on mechanical properties. It was found that for 40 and 10 wt% CTR contents, 120 and 40 min of crosslinking times were necessary to bind all CTR respectively. Brittle films were obtained for 40 wt% CTR whereas 10 wt% CTR content led to ductile films. Finally, films containing hydroxypropyl-!-cyclodextrin (HP!CD), chosen as a potential vector of antimicrobial agent, were prepared. The obtained results show that the incorporation of HP!CD in the PVOH matrix does not mainly influence the physical and mechanical properties of the films.
Genes Expressed in<i>Pinus radiata</i>Male Cones Include Homologs to Anther-Specific and Pathogenesis Response Genes (1999)

We describe the isolation and characterization of 13 cDNA clones that are differentially expressed in male cones of Pinus radiata (D. Don). The transcripts of the 13 genes are expressed at different times between meiosis and microspore mitosis, timing that corresponds to a burst in tapetal activity in the developing anthers. In situ hybridization showed that four of the genes are expressed in the tapetum, while a fifth is expressed in tetrads during a brief developmental window. Six of the seven cDNAs identified in database searches have striking similarity to genes expressed in angiosperm anthers. Seven cDNAs are homologs of defense and pathogen response genes. The cDNAs identified are predicted to encode a chalcone-synthase-like protein, a thaumatin-like protein, a serine hydrolase thought to be a putative regulator of programmed cell death, two lipid-transfer proteins, and two homologs of the anther-specific A9 genes from Brassica napus and Arabidopsis. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that many of the reproductive processes in the angiosperms and gymnosperms were inherited from a common ancestor.
Post-processing sets of tilted CT volumes as a method for metal artifact reduction (2014)

A simple post-processing method for MAR was described which required one or more complementary scans but did not rely on any a priori information. The method was computationally inexpensive. Performance of the method was quantitatively comparable to established algorithms and visually superior in a direct comparison. Dose reduction was demonstrated, artifacts could be reduced without compromising total dose to the patient.
The Pluripotency Regulator Zic3 Is a Direct Activator of the <i>Nanog</i> Promoter in ESCs (2010)

The transcription factor Zic3 is required for maintenance of ESC pluripotency. By genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-chip) in ESCs, we have identified 379 direct Zic3 targets, many of which are functionally associated with pluripotency, cell cycle, proliferation, oncogenesis, and early embryogenesis. Through a computational analysis of Zic3 target sequences, we have identified a novel Zic3 consensus binding motif (5'-CC(C)/(T) GCTGGG-3'). ChIP results and in vitro DNA binding assays revealed that Zic3 binds with high affinity and specificity on the Nanog promoter. Here, we demonstrate that Zic3 functions as a transcriptional activator of the Nanog promoter in three ways: (a) Nanog transcript levels are sustained with Zic3 overexpression in differentiating ESCs, (b) Zic3 depletion in ESCs downregulates Nanog promoter activity, and (c) Zic3 overexpression leads to increased Nanog promoter activity. Furthermore, the activity of a mutant Nanog promoter with ablated Oct4/Sox2 binding is rescued by Zic3 overexpression to nearly wild-type levels. This indicates that Nanog is a positive transcriptional target of Zic3 in a mechanism that is independent of Oct4/Sox2 binding. Hence, we demonstrate an important pathway for regulation of Nanog expression in pluripotent ESCs through direct activation by Zic3.
Phonetic Typewriter (1956)

The important factors involved in the development of a phonetic typewriter are as follows. The particular form in which the words are typed. The means for analyzing the sounds of speech. The identification of the analyzed sounds. The encoding, coding, and decoding of the sounds for the operation of the actuating mechanism. The design of the mechanism for actuating the typewriter. A study has been made of these problems. As a result of this study a simplified model of a phonetic typewriter has been developed incorporating all of these aspects. This model serves to illustrate the principles involved and provides means for further study towards a complete system.
Fluorescence Color Modulation by Intramolecular and Intermolecular π−π Interactions in a Helical Zinc(II) Complex (2004)

When a fluorescent compound shows unique optical properties, an elucidation of the mechanism may lead to an important development of novel sensing strategies. A helical 3,3‘-di-tert-butylsalen−zinc(II) complex, [Zn2L12], has a red-shifted fluorescence as compared to that of [ZnL22], a half-structured mononuclear complex of [Zn2L12]; in addition, [Zn2L12] exhibits a fluorescence color change from green to light blue under external stimulations. We investigated the origins of these phenomena by spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime measurement, fluorescence microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and X-ray single-crystal analysis. From the experimental data, we concluded that intramolecular and intermolecular π−π interactions are critical elements that determine the shifts of the fluorescence to a longer wavelength.