gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Supercapacitor Performance of Graphene/MnO<sub>2</sub> Nanostructured Electrodes by Conductive Wrapping (2011)

MnO2 is considered one of the most promising pseudocapactive materials for high-performance supercapacitors given its high theoretical specific capacitance, low-cost, environmental benignity, and natural abundance. However, MnO2 electrodes often suffer from poor electronic and ionic conductivities, resulting in their limited performance in power density and cycling. Here we developed a "conductive wrapping" method to greatly improve the supercapacitor performance of graphene/MnO2-based nanostructured electrodes. By three-dimensional (3D) conductive wrapping of graphene/MnO2 nanostructures with carbon nanotubes or conducting polymer, specific capacitance of the electrodes (considering total mass of active materials) has substantially increased by ∼20% and ∼45%, respectively, with values as high as ∼380 F/g achieved. Moreover, these ternary composite electrodes have also exhibited excellent cycling performance with >95% capacitance retention over 3000 cycles. This 3D conductive wrapping approach represents an exciting direction for enhancing the device performance of metal oxide-based electrochemical supercapacitors and can be generalized for designing next-generation high-performance energy storage devices.
Reactor Types and Their Industrial Applications (2016)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Basic Types of Reactors 3. Survey of Commercially Important Reactor Types 3.1. Reactors for Gas-Phase Reactions 3.2. Reactors for Liquid-Phase Reactions 3.3. Reactors for Gas-Liquid Reactions 3.4. Reactors for Solid-Catalyzed Reactions 3.4.1. Reactors for Heterogeneous Gas Catalysis 3.4.2. Reactors for Liquid-Phase and Gas-Liquid Reactions over Solid Catalysts 3.5. Reactors for Noncatalytic Reactions Involving Solids 3.5.1. Reactors for Noncatalytic Gas-Solid Reactions 3.5.2. Reactors for Noncatalytic Liquid-Solid Reactions 3.5.3. Reactors for Noncatalytic Solid-Phase Reactions 3.6. Electrothermal Reactors 3.7. Reactors for Electrochemical Processes 3.8. Reactors for Biochemical Processes 3.9. Reactors for Photochemical and Radiochemical Processes 3.9.1. Photochemical Reactors 3.9.2. Radiochemical Reactors
Characterization of ZO-2 as a MAGUK Family Member Associated with Tight as well as Adherens Junctions with a Binding Affinity to Occludin and α Catenin (1999)

ZO-2, a member of the MAGUK family, was thought to be specific for tight junctions (TJs) in contrast to ZO-1, another MAGUK family member, which is localized at TJs and adherens junctions (AJs) in epithelial and nonepithelial cells, respectively. Mouse ZO-2 cDNA was isolated, and a specific polyclonal antibody was generated using corresponding synthetic peptides as antigens. Immunofluorescence microscopy with this polyclonal antibody revealed that, similarly to ZO-1, in addition to TJs in epithelial cells, ZO-2 was also concentrated at AJs in nonepithelial cells such as fibroblasts and cardiac muscle cells lacking TJs. When NH2-terminal dlg-like and COOH-terminal non-dlg-like domains of ZO-2 (N-ZO-2 and C-ZO-2, respectively) were separately introduced into cultured cells, N-ZO-2 was colocalized with endogenous ZO-1/ZO-2, i.e. at TJs in epithelial cells and at AJs in non-epithelial cells, whereas C-ZO-2 was distributed along actin filaments. Consistently, occludin as well as alpha catenin directly bound to N-ZO-2 as well as the NH2-terminal dlg-like portion of ZO-1 (N-ZO-1) in vitro. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the second PDZ domain of ZO-2 was directly associated with N-ZO-1. These findings indicated that ZO-2 forms a complex with ZO-1/occludin or ZO-1/alpha catenin to establish TJ or AJ domains, respectively.
Clock period minimization with minimum delay insertion (2007)

The combination of clock skew scheduling and delay insertion may lead to further clock period reduction. Although some previous works can minimize the clock period, they only heuristically reduce the required inserted delay. However, since the delay insertion is an ECO (engineering change order) process, minimizing the required inserted delay is very important for the design closure, In this paper, we present a linear program to formally formulate the simultaneous application of clock skew scheduling and delay insertion. Our objective is not only to achieve the lower bound of the clock period, but also to achieve the lower bound of required inserted delay. Compared with previous works, our paper has the following two significant contributions: (1) our approach is the first work that guarantees solving this problem optimally; and (2) our paper is the first proof of showing that the time complexity of this problem is polynomial.
Clock-Aware Placement for FPGAs (2007)

The programmable clock networks in FPGAs have a significant impact on overall power, area, and delay. Not only does the clock network itself dissipate a significant amount of power, since it connects to every latch on the FPGA and toggles every cycle, but the design of the clock network also affects how efficiently the rest of the application can be implemented since it imposes constraints on the CAD tools which map the application onto the FPGA. To examine this tradeoff, this paper describes and compares new clock-aware placement techniques and then examines how the clock network architecture affects overall power, area, and delay. Our results show that the placement techniques used to make placement clock-aware have a significant influence on power and delay. On average, circuits placed using the most effective techniques dissipate 9.9% less energy and were 2.4% faster than circuits placed using the least effective techniques. Moreover, the results show that the clock network architecture is also important. On average, FPGAs with an efficient clock network were up to 12.5% more energy efficient and 7.2% faster than other FPGAs.
When TEX and Metafont Work Together (1997)

When TEX and Metafont communicate to each other, they can do more together than they can alone. This presentation concentrates on two illustrations of this principal, and urges readers to come up with more. When TEX becomes sensitive to information passed to it from Metafont, it is possible to prepare diagrams and figures using Metafont and then to have TEX prepare labels which can be precisely positionedwithin the figure. When communication goes the other way, TEX and Metafont can prepare special purpose fonts which (among other things) can be set along curved baselines. Illustrations of both techniques are presented.
Coordinate Measuring Machine Data Collector (1975)

Before the actual machining processes begin on certain steam turbine components, the coordinates of many points on the workpiece are collected and formated and used as data in a large computer program which controls machining parameters. The collection and formating of the input data are accomplished with a dual axis, six digit, Ferrand position readout and a three digit event counter each of which has auxiliary BCD outputs. The BCD outputs are connected to a Control Logic " L" Series Microcomputer. The microcomputer scans the BCD output from the Ferrand readout and the event counter, converts these data to even parity ASCII Code, properly formats the data and sends the results to an ASR-33 Teletypewriter. The tape generated on the Teletype is then used as input data by the machining parameters program mentioned earlier,
Constitutive activation with overexpression of the mTORC2-phospholipase D1 pathway in uterine leiomyosarcoma and STUMP: morphoproteomic analysis with therapeutic implications. (2010)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is centrally involved in growth, survival and metabolism. In cancer, mTOR is frequently hyperactivated and is a clinically validated target for therapy and drug development. Biologically, mTOR acts as the catalytic subunit of two functionally distinct complexes, called mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) which is predominantly cytoplasmic in subcellular localization and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) which is both cytoplasmic and nuclear. mTORC1 is sensitive to the selective inhibitor rapamycin. By contrast, mTORC2 is relatively resistant to rapamycin. Moreover, its putative downstream effector, Akt phosphorylated on serine 473 represents a signal transduction pathway for tumor survival. Phospholipase D (PLD) and its product, phosphatidic acid (PA) have been implicated as an activator of mTOR signaling, including the direct phosphorylative activation of p70S6K atthreonine 389. The latter promotes cell cycle progression. In this study, we investigated the activation status and subcellular localization of mTOR and the relative expression of PLD1, as well as their downstream effectors in a spectrum of uterine smooth muscle tumors using normal myometria as controls. The results show significant activation with overexpression of phosphorylated mTORC2 complex in uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) and smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) as evidenced by nuclear localization of p-mTOR (Ser 2448) in ULMS>STUMP>uterine leiomyoma and normal myometria (p<0.05) and with overexpression of PLD1(p<0.05). Cor-relatively, there are overexpressions of nuclear p-Akt (Ser 473) and nuclear p-p70S6K (Thr 389) in ULMS and STUMP (p<0.05). The activation with overexpression of components of the mTORC2-PLD1 pathway in ULMS and to a lesser degree in STUMP provides insight into their tumorigenic mechanisms. Thus the development of therapies designed to target mTORC2 and PLD1 activity may be beneficial in treating ULMS.
Amylin regulation of carbohydrate metabolism (1995)

This review describes how amylin may work in the control of carbohydrate metabolism by actions on gastric emptying and on muscle glycogen metabolism. Amylin, which is co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta-cells in response to nutrient stimuli, affects both carbohydrate absorption and carbohydrate disposal. Amylin appears to regulate carbohydrate metabolism as a partner to insulin. Defending fuel stores tends to be hierarchical; plasma glucose is defended first, then muscle glycogen, then liver glycogen, then fat. Fuel stores are replenished by both incorporating ingested nutrient and by translocating nutrient stores among body sites. Lactate may better be regarded as a vector of fuel transfer rather than a 'dead end' in metabolism. Amylin can promote the translocation of lactate from muscle to liver. The amylin effect, illustrated by the simultaneous decrease in muscle glycogen and increase in liver glycogen [53, 56], is similar to the catecholamine effect observed by Cori et al. [57]. Amylin thus may be important in maintaining liver glycogen stores via the Cori cycle and the 'indirect' glycogen synthesis pathway [58,59]. Unlike catecholamines, amylin does not mobilize fat or impede insulin action in adipose tissue [30,35]. It can supply lactate to the liver, and because lactate is a preferred lipogenic substrate [60], may thereby favour fat storage. Amylin may also help to control carbohydrate absorption via an 'entero-insular loop' to ensure that absorption from the gut remains within the regulatory limits for carbohydrate disposal by peripheral tissues. This regulatory system is essential for normal control of plasma glucose and appears to be disrupted in type-1 diabetes, an amylin-deficient state.
Hierarchical Module Generation in Genetic Programming and Its Incremental Evolution (1999)

This paper presents a new approach to acquire effective modules in Genetic Programming (GP). Tree-structured chromosome can be handled with GP. The performance of GPs highly depends on the design of primitive functions. The aim of this paper is to propose a new method to determine the effective function nodes as modules.The modules are generated and stored automatically. The obtained modules have a hierarchical structure.Logic circuit generations are selected to show the feasibility of the proposed method. They can be represented by the minimal complete set, and it is easy to evaluate the effectiveness of the generated modules. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experiments for the incremental evolution also show the feasibility for the scaling problem in GPs. The results show that the proposed method can generate effective generic modules.
Traveling wave tubes for communication satellites (1977)

Traveling wave tubes (TWT's) have contributed markedly to the development of communications satellites. As the prime-power consuming and transmitting device, the major transponder gain element, and the largest contributor to transmission nonlinearities, the TWT has been the focal point for continuous but carefully measured evolutionary improvements. Efficiency improvements continue to be made without compromising desired communications characteristics or tube lifetimes. These improvements have been made primarily in the RF circuit through loss reduction and phase-velocity tapering techniques, and in the spent-beam region through better multielement collector designs. Traveling wave tubes developed for satellites at 4 and 12 GHz are used as examples. Since TWT's ate life-limited devices, emphasis has been placed on techniques ensuring long life in satellite applications. Both oxide- and dispenser-type cathodes are discussed and data on life characteristics are presented. During the past decade, while generally demonstrating excellent space lifetimes, operating TWT's continue to approach their potential cathode wear-out life, which is theoretically of the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> h.
In vivo amyloid imaging in autopsy-confirmed Parkinson disease with dementia (2009)

[(11)C]-Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB) PET is specific for fibrillar Abeta molecular pathology but not for pathologic diagnosis of comorbid Alzheimer disease in individuals with Parkinson disease dementia. The ability to specifically identify fibrillar Abeta amyloid in the setting of alpha-synucleinopathy makes [(11)C]-PIB PET a valuable tool for prospectively evaluating how the presence of Abeta amyloid influences the clinical course of dementia in patients with Lewy body disorders.
UC-PBG Substrate for Planar Antennas (1999)

The recently developed Uniplanar Compact Photonic Bandgap (UC-PBG) substrate is used to reduce surface wave losses for an aperture-coupled fed patch antenna on a thick, high dielectric constant substrate. The surface wave dispersion diagram of a 50mil thick UC-PBG substrate has been numerically computed and found to have a complete stopband in the frequency range 11.4-12.8Ghz. A patch antenna working at 12GHz is built on the UC-PBG substate. Computed results and measured data show that the antenna mounted on the UC-PBG radiates a higher level of power in the broadside direction than the same antenna etched on a grounded dielectric slab with same thickness and dielectric constant Improvement of radiation pattern on both E-and H-plane is observed while cross-polarization remains 13dB down the copolar component level.
Emulsion Polymerization (2009)

Abstract The production of polymers is shifting from solvent‐based systems toward water‐based systems. A versatile technique to produce polymer nanoparticles in an aqueous system is emulsion polymerization. Different aspects described in this article are the general mechanism of emulsion polymerization, ingredients in the recipes, emulsion copolymerization and composition drift, process strategies, development of particle morphologies, reactor setups and industrial‐scale operation aspects of mixing and heat transfer, and finally the main applications of latices.
Synthesis of Pyrryl Aryl Sulfones Targeted at the HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase (1995)

Various aryl 1-pyrryl sulfones were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of HIV-1. 2-Nitrophenyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-pyrryl sulfone, the most active among test derivatives, was selected as lead compound of the aryl pyrryl sulfone series. The in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity and cytotoxicity of 41 compounds is reported. Some structure-activity relationships are discussed also in comparison with the known NPPS (2-nitrophenyl phenyl sulfone).
Effects of OK-432 (Picibanil) on the Estrogen Receptors of MCF-7 Cells and Potentiation of Antiproliferative Effects of Tamoxifen in Combination with OK-432 (1997)

OK-432 (picibanil), a streptococcal preparation, has a strong biological response modifier (BRM) function and is expected to produce clinical improvement and prolongation of survival in treated cancer patients in Japan. We were interested in whether OK-432 augments estrogen receptor (ER) levels in breast cancer. To investigate the effect of the BRMs on cellular growth and the characteristics of ER and progesterone receptors (PgR) in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, we used OK-432, Krestin (PSK), a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from Coriolus versicolor, and lentinan, a fungal branched (1...3)-beta-D-glycan. OK432 and PSK dose dependently inhibited DNA synthesis of MCF-7 cells, and the 50% inhibitory concentrations of OK-432 and PSK were 1.2 KE (klinische Einheit, clinical unit)/ml and 200 micrograms/ml, respectively. Lentinan showed no direct anticancer effect in vitro. We found that OK-432 induced a 2-fold increase in ER levels in MCF-7 cells at 0.005 KE/ml, but not in PgR. Lentinan and low-dose PSK did not change ER or PgR levels, but high-dose PSK decreased ER and PgR. We also studied the combined effect of OK-432 and antiestrogens, tamoxifen (TAM) and DP-TAT-59. The combined treatment with OK-432 and TAM showed an additive inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells. These results suggest that OK-432 may augment the therapeutic effect of TAM in breast cancer.
Calcium, Iron, Potassium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin C Content of Organic and Hydroponic Tomatoes (1998)

Two tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars were grown in two organic and two inorganic media to evaluate the effects upon the levels of Ca, Fe, K, P, and vitamin C in the fruit. 'Platense' tomato was grown in a glasshouse, on sand or peat-perlite (hydroponic substrates) irrigated with a complete solution of macro and microelements, or on 100% vermicompost or 50% vermicompost-50% soil (organic substrates) irrigated with water. Fruit were harvested at physiological maturity, and levels of P, K, Ca, Fe, and vitamin C were determined. Fruit grown on organic substrates contained significantly more Ca and vitamin C and less Fe than did fruit grown on hydroponic media. Phosphorus and K content did not differ between fruit from organic and hydroponic substrates.
Retinoid modulation of c-myc and max gene expression in human breast carcinoma. (1993)

Retinoic acid (RA) modulation of c-myc and max gene expression was investigated in human breast carcinoma (HBC) cell lines. Our results demonstrate that c-myc and max genes are differentially expressed in HBC cells which was accompanied by increases in [3H]-thymidine incorporation and percent of cells in the S phase of cell cycle. RA-mediated increase in c-myc mRNA levels were noticed as early as 30 min. and maximum levels were attained by 1 h. RA effect on max mRNA levels was slow and gradual with the maximum effect noticed by 48 h. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated that RA mediated its effect by increasing the rate of transcription of both of these genes. We thus report for the first time that RA, during its growth inhibitory effects on MCF-7 HBC cells, positively regulates the gene expression of c-myc and max.
Optimum rotation angle for mitigating differential skew induced by glass cloth in PCBs (2018)

In high speed signal transmissions, glass cloth of the dielectric in printed circuit boards can cause a differential skew. It has been reported that the differential skew is mitigated when the angle between the differential transmission lines and the thread of the glass cloth is around 10°. However, the angle dependence between 10° and 45° and the optimum angle have not yet been investigated. This study focuses on the angle between the trace of the differential transmission lines and the thread of the glass cloth to investigate the angle dependence of the differential skew. We conducted a preliminary evaluation by analytical estimation of the phase delay difference in the differential transmission lines using our simple glass-cloth model. In a full-wave simulation, it was confirmed that the optimum angle between the threads of the glass cloth and the traces of the differential transmission lines is around 40°.
Photochemical Reactions of Alkyl Phenylglyoxylates<sup>1</sup> (1996)

Three new photoproducts, ethyl O-benzoyl mandelate (5a), ethyl O-acetylmandelate (6a), and biphenyl triketone (7a) are isolated and identified in the reactions of ethyl phenylglyoxylate (1a) in benzene. Quantum yields and initial rate constants of product formation are shown to be concentration dependent. For the formation of carbonyl product 3 at lower starting material concentrations (<0.01 M), quantum yields greater than 1 are observed. Variations in the quantum yields as a function of reaction time are due to the accumulation of alpha-hydroxyphenyl ketene (D). The relative reactivities of triplet excited states of phenylglyoxylates 1 and phenyl ketones are compared. A mechanism involving both intramolecular gamma-H abstraction and intermolecular H abstraction, which leads to radical chain reaction, is proposed. Rate constants for intramolecular gamma-H abstraction (k(N)) and intermolecular H abstraction (k(I)) of methyl phenylglyoxylate (1d) are measured.
CHLORINATION OF URANIUM OXIDES (1961)

Uranium oxides can be converted to cliloride at relatively low temperatures by means of reduction chlorination. The chloride is also suitable for reduction to uranium metal. With carbon tetrachloride as a chlorinating agent, uranium oxides react at 400 deg C. Uranium chloride is formed via the intermediate stage of oxychloride. At low temperatures the uranium chloride remains residual, but at working temperatures of over 500 deg C it can be distilled off for the most part. It is advantageous to replace carbon tetrachloride by mixtures of chlorine and methane, which behave like carbon tetrachloride during chlorination. If the ratio of chlorine to methane is more than 4: 1, chlorination proceeds smoothly; at lower ratios soot is formed. Uranium ores can be chlo rinated like the pure oxide. However, except for silicon and aluminum oxide, almost all the accompanying substances, especially iron, calcium, and magnesium compounds, are also carried over into the chloride. Uranium chloride can be separated from these by distillation or fractional condensation. However, chlorination of uranium ores is economically feasible only if the ore has a relatively high uranium content, and there are no appreciable quantities of other chlorinatable minerals. (auth)