gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Error concealment enhancement by using the reliability outputs of a SOVA in MPEG-2 video decoder (2002)

The MPEG-2 source coding algorithm is very sensitive to channel disturbances. A single bit error in the bitstream will cause a high degradation of picture quality due to the use of variable length coding. Therefore, for picture replenishment error concealment techniques (ECTs) may be applied at the receiver. The aim of this article is to study the error concealment (EC) enhancements due to the use of the soft output values of the SOVA (soft output Viterbi algorithm) as an error detection technique (EDT) for MPEG-2 inter-coded pictures for terrestrial broadcasting.
199. Studies in the synthesis of terpenes. Part VIII. The absolute configuration of elemol (1964)

T. G. Halsall, D. W. Theobald and K. B. Walshaw, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 1029 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640001029
New Cardiotonic Agents Related to Amrinone: Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydro‐5‐arylpyridin‐2‐ones (1992)

For development of new cardiotonic agents a series of 5-aryl-3,4-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-ones, related to amrinone have been prepared from methylquinolines, 2-arylacetic acid or 3-arylethanones by direct aminomethylenation and subsequent condensation-cyclization with malonamide and cyanacetamide in classic basic media or phase-transfer catalysis, in good to excellent yields. Preliminary pharmacological assays have shown that these compounds, especially 5h and 5i, have a remarkable cardiotonic effect and present a selective inhibition of PDE-III/PDE-I isolated from cat heart.
Integrative elements for Bacillus subtilis yielding tetracycline-dependent growth phenotypes (2005)

We describe the construction and application of elements for random insertion of promoter containing DNA into the genome of Bacillus subtilis. The outward-facing promoter of these integrative elements termed InsTet(G+) is inducible by tetracycline so that conditional mutants are generated. We constructed three InsTet(G+) variants using different regulatory windows. In the first, the regulator gene tetR is located within the element, allowing one-step mutagenesis. The second contains tetR in the chromosome and yields the best regulation efficiency. The third exploits xylose-dependent tetR expression from a plasmid, enabling induction of TetR synthesis so that distinct expression levels of an affected gene can be adjusted. We have obtained mutant strains with all three variants. For some of them, growth can be modulated by the presence of effectors. Most growth defects occur in the presence of inducers, presumably due to regulated expression of antisense RNA.
Channel switch and quiet attack: New DoS attacks exploiting the 802.11 standard (2009)

Network communication using unprotected air as a medium leads to unique challenges ensuring confidentiality, integrity and availability. While newer amendments of IEEE 802.11 provide acceptable confidentiality and integrity, availability is still questionable despite broad usage of Wi-Fi technologies for tasks where availability is critical. We will present new security weaknesses that we have identified in the 802.11 standard and especially the 802.11h amendment. Our results are underlined by an extensive analysis of attacks addressing the quiet information element and channel switch announcement in management frames. For some stations a complete DoS effect can be achieved with a single packet for more than one minute. This shows that the newly identified attacks are more efficient than earlier approaches like a deauthentication attack. Tests were performed with a large variety of network interface cards, mobile devices, and operating systems.
Regulation of wound-healing angiogenesis-effect of oxygen gradients and inspired oxygen concentration. (1981)

Tissue hypoxia is a well-known stimulus to angiogenesis. The central dead space in healing wounds has been shown to be hypoxic (PO2 = 1 to 10). Angiogenesis is a necessary component of all healing wounds. Rabbit ear chambers were used to explore the contribution of O2 gradients and various inspired oxygen concentrations on wound healing and angiogenesis. These experiments demonstrate that: (1) A hypoxic tissue gradient is mandatory for wound-healing angiogenesis, (2) when the hypoxic gradient is destroyed capillary growth cases, and (3) inspired oxygen concentrations affect the rate and density of capillary growth.
High-efficiency, dual-wavelength, wafer-fused resonant-cavity photodetector operating at long wavelengths (1995)

Demonstrates a high-efficiency dual-wavelength resonant-cavity photodetector (RECAP) operating in two distinct wavelength bands. The absorption takes place in an InP-In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As Fabry-Perot cavity that has been bonded to a GaAs-AlAs dual-wavelength mirror. Greater than 80% external quantum efficiency was achieved in both the wavelength bands.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aspirin Use and Colorectal Cancer Survival According to Tumor CD274 (Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1) Expression Status (2017)

Purpose Blockade of the programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, PD-1) immune checkpoint pathway can improve clinical outcomes in various malignancies. Evidence suggests that aspirin (a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) not only prolongs colorectal cancer survival, but can also activate T cell-mediated antitumor immunity and synergize with immunotherapy through inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production. We hypothesized that the survival benefit associated with aspirin might be stronger in colorectal carcinoma with a lower CD274 (PDCD1 ligand 1, PD-L1) expression level that resulted in lower signaling of the immune checkpoint pathway. Patients and Methods Using data from 617 patients with rectal and colon cancer in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, we examined the association of postdiagnosis aspirin use with patient survival in strata of tumor CD274 expression status measured by immunohistochemistry. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to control for potential confounders, including disease stage, microsatellite instability status, CpG island methylator phenotype, long interspersed nucleotide element-1 methylation, cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2), and CDX2 expression, and KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations. Results The association of postdiagnosis aspirin use with colorectal cancer-specific survival differed by CD274 expression status ( P<sub>interaction</sub> < .001); compared with aspirin nonusers; multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for regular aspirin users were 0.16 (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.41) in patients with low CD274 and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.61 to 1.67) in patients with high CD274. This differential association seemed consistent in patients with microsatellite-stable or PIK3CA wild-type disease and in strata of PTGS2 expression, CDX2 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, or prediagnosis aspirin use status. Conclusion The association of aspirin use with colorectal cancer survival is stronger in patients with CD274-low tumors than CD274-high tumors. Our findings suggest a differential antitumor effect of aspirin according to immune checkpoint status.
The Changing Role of Education in a Post-September 11, 2001 World: Perspectives from East Africa, Taiwan, and the United States (2003)

The aftermath of the terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington D.C. on September 11, 2001, impacted not only the United States but also the entire world. International economies suffered as the world was forced into a semi-critical economic recession. The foundation stones of democracy were challenged as terrorists targeted not only the United States, but also the symbols of the current capitalist ideology.1 Differences between people, nations, religious beliefs, ethics, and values are at the very heart of this new era in world politics. What role should education play in this international crisis? In this study, we examine the potential role education will play in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, by offering several perspectives from East Africa, Taiwan, and the United States. After providing these three international cases, we juxtapose the information presented and provide our recommendations and conclusions.
Adult Neurogenesis in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Figure 1. (2015)

Adult neurogenesis is limited to specific brain regions in the mammalian brain, such as the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone/olfactory bulb system. Alterations in adult neurogenesis appear to be a common hallmark in different neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease (HD). This is remarkable, because the distinct pathological proteins responsible for the different diseases induce the loss of different neural populations. Impaired adult neurogenesis was shown in numerous animal models of neurodegenerative diseases; however, only few postmortem studies have been performed. We will review concepts related to the interplay between cellular plasticity in regions of adult neurogenesis with a specific focus on cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous factors. Furthermore, various strategies aimed to stimulate neuronal plasticity will be discussed within the context of a potential translation into therapeutic approaches for neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with PD, HD, and AD.
Data access patterns in the Amazon.com technology platform (2007)

The Amazon.com technology platform provides a set of highly advanced business and infrastructure services implemented using ultra-scalable distributed systems technologies. Within this environment we can identify a number of specific data access patterns, each with their own availability, consistency, performance and operational requirements in order to serve a collection of highly diverse business processes. In this presentation we will reviews these different patterns in detail and discuss which technologies are required to support them in an always-on environment.
Graph integration of structured, semistructured and unstructured data\n for data journalism (2020)

Nowadays, journalism is facilitated by the existence of large amounts of\ndigital data sources, including many Open Data ones. Such data sources are\nextremely heterogeneous, ranging from highly struc-tured (relational\ndatabases), semi-structured (JSON, XML, HTML), graphs (e.g., RDF), and text.\nJournalists (and other classes of users lacking advanced IT expertise, such as\nmost non-governmental-organizations, or small public administrations) need to\nbe able to make sense of such heterogeneous corpora, even if they lack the\nability to de ne and deploy custom extract-transform-load work ows. These are\ndi cult to set up not only for arbitrary heterogeneous inputs , but also given\nthat users may want to add (or remove) datasets to (from) the corpus. We\ndescribe a complete approach for integrating dynamic sets of heterogeneous data\nsources along the lines described above: the challenges we faced to make such\ngraphs useful, allow their integration to scale, and the solutions we proposed\nfor these problems. Our approach is implemented within the ConnectionLens\nsystem; we validate it through a set of experiments.\n
Quantifying fluxes and characterizing compositional changes of dissolved organic matter in aquatic systems in situ using combined acoustic and optical measurements (2009)

Studying the dynamics and geochemical behavior of dissolved and particulate organic material is difficult because concentration and composition may rapidly change in response to aperiodic as well as periodic physical and biological forcing. Here we describe a method useful for quantifying fluxes and analyzing dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics. The method uses coupled optical and acoustic measurements that provide robust quantitative estimates of concentrations and constituent characteristics needed to investigate processes and calculate fluxes of DOM in tidal and other lotic environments. Data were collected several times per hour for 2 weeks or more, with the frequency and duration limited only by power consumption and data storage capacity. We assessed the capabilities and limitations of the method using data from a winter deployment in a natural tidal wetland of the San Francisco Bay estuary. We used statistical correlation of in situ optical data with traditional laboratory analyses of discrete water samples to calibrate optical properties suited as proxies for DOM concentrations and characterizations. Coupled with measurements of flow velocity, we calculated long‐term residual horizontal fluxes of DOC into and out from a tidal wetland. Subsampling the dataset provides an estimate for the maximum sampling interval beyond which the error in flux estimate is significantly increased.
Analytic Description of Hypermixing and Test of an Improved Nozzle (1976)

A novel method for increasing the rate of jet mixing by the production of streamwise vortices has been developed. An analytic description of this hypermixing effect is obtained with an eddy viscosity whose length and velocity scales are proportional to the vortex size and rotational speed. The predictions of this analysis are compared with experimental results for the growth of hypermixing jets, and the generalization to other shear flows is discussed. Tests of an improved hypermixing nozzle show that the length of the thrust augmenting ejec- tor developed at ARL can be almost halved, with no loss in augmentation. through the shroud. The primary jet is decelerated as it mixes with the secondary flow, causing the average static (and total) pressure in the duct to rise. Since the primary flow is only a fraction of the secondary flow, the mixing section may be considered to act an an elongated actuator disk, or fan. Because of the increased static pressure in the diffuser section, the inlet-diffuser venturi develops a net lip thrust. It is this force that augments the thrust of the primary jet. When integrated with the wing into a lift propulsion system, the ejector acts like a jet flap to increase the cir- culation lift during transition. Since ejectors can be used to augment and deflect the engine thrust during takeoff and landing, their use permits the installation of a smaller engine for more efficient cruise. The lowered exhaust velocities and acoustic shielding provided by the walls of the duct offer im- portant advantages in the area of noise reduction, as well. The application of ejector thrust augmentation to V/STOL aircraft has, therefore, been an active research goal for several decades. However, complete mixing of the primary jet and secondary entrainment flow is required to achieve significant levels of augmentation. In the past this has meant that an ejector must include a long mixing duct. Ejectors shor- tened to meet aircraft size and weight limitations could not generate sufficient thrust to make the concept practical. The performance of short ejectors can be increased by ac- celerating the rate of entrainment by the primary jet (hyper- mixing). The hypermixing nozzles developed at ARL produce a system of streamwise vortices in the primary flow. These vortices serve to entrain additional fluid, so that a more fully mixed flow is obtained within a shorter distance. In the present article an eddy viscosity for hypermixing jets is presented, and tests of an improved nozzle, which has made large reductions in ejector length possible, are reported.
The effect of illumination on the L-ascorbic acid content in Euglena gracilis z. (1979)

Illumination of the dark-grown Euglena gracilis, both the wild-green type and a permanently bleached mutant, for 4 hr at 2, 000 lux caused about 6-fold increase of the cellular content of total L-ascorbic acid. The increase was mainly due to an increase of reduced-form L-ascorbic acid. From the action spectrum only blue light was found to be effective for the increase. Darkening stopped the increase and reillumination started a renewed increase. The activity of L-gulono-ϒ-lactone dehydrogenase, catalyzing the last step of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis, was also increased two fold by illumination for 2 hr, and was changed in parallel to that of the cellular content of L-ascorbic acid depending on the presence or absence of illumination. The augmentation of L-ascorbic acid formation was markedly inhibited by various inhibitors and uncouplers, but not by dichlorophenyldimethylurea. The results in sum suggest that the light-dependent increase of L-ascorbic acid formation in E. gracilis is not primarily associated with photosynthesis, but is apparently related to the adaptation of the dark-grown cells to the illuminated state.
DNA Methylation: Molecular Biology and Biological Significance (1993)

A chronicle of DNA methylation (1948-1975).- Major techniques to study DNA methylation.- Methylation of cytosine influences the DNA structure.- Methylation of DNA in prokaryotes.- Structure, function and regulation of mammalian DNA methyltransferase.- Regulation of the de novo methylation.- Effect of DNA methylation on the binding of vertebrate and plant proteins to DNA.- CpG Islands.- DNA methyltransferases and DNA site-specific endonucleases encoded by chlorella viruses.- Control of DNA methylation in fungi.- The role of DNA methylation in the regulation of plant expression.- Pattern of de novo methylation and promoter inhibition: studies on the adenovirus and the human genome.- DNA methylation and retrovirus expression.- Effect of DNA methylation on dynamic properties of the helix and nuclear protein binding in the H-ras promoter.- DNA methylation and embryogenesis.- X chromosome inactivation and DNA methylation.- DNA methylation: Its possible functional role in developmental regulation of human globin gene families.- DNA methylation, chromatin structure and the regulation of gene expression.- Steroid hormone-dependent changes in DNA methylation and its significance for the activation or silencing of specific genes.- Epigenetic inheritance based on DNA methylation.- DNA methylation and genomic imprinting in mammals.- DNA methylation and cancer.- The repair of 5-methylcytosine deamination damage.- Gene methylation patterns and expression.
Comparison between human fetal and adult skin (2009)

Healing of early-gestation fetal wounds results in scarless healing. Since the capacity for regeneration is probably inherent to the fetal skin itself, knowledge of the fetal skin composition may contribute to the understanding of fetal wound healing. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression profiles of different epidermal and dermal components in the human fetal and adult skin. In the human fetal skin (ranging from 13 to 22 weeks’ gestation) and adult skin biopsies, the expression patterns of several epidermal proteins (K10, K14, K16, K17, SKALP, involucrin), basement membrane proteins, Ki-67, blood vessels and extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin, chondroitin sulfate, elastin) were determined using immunohistochemistry. The expression profiles of K17, involucrin, dermal Ki-67, fibronectin and chondroitin sulfate were higher in the fetal skin than in adult skin. In the fetal skin, elastin was not present in the dermis, but it was found in the adult skin. The expression patterns of basement membrane proteins, blood vessels, K10, K14, K16 and epidermal Ki-67 were similar in human fetal skin and adult skin. In this systematic overview, most of the differences between fetal and adult skin were found at the level of dermal extracellular matrix molecules expression. This study suggests that, especially, dermal components are important in fetal scarless healing.
Molecular addition compounds. 8. Carbon-13 and boron-11 NMR examination of .beta.-substituted derivatives of 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and their pyridine complexes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular addition compounds. 8. Carbon-13 and boron-11 NMR examination of .beta.-substituted derivatives of 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and their pyridine complexesHerbert C. Brown and John A. SoderquistCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 5, 846–849Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01293a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01293a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views455Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Anti-Angiogenic Activity of Cortistatin Analogs (2008)

Analogs of cortistatins, a series of anti-angiogenic compounds isolated from the Indonesian marine sponge Cortisium simplex, were synthesized from estrone by using the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction as the key step. The estrone-isoquinoline hybridized compound showed selective inhibitory activity against the proliferation and VEGF-induced migration of HUVEC.
Acoustic Monitoring of Machine Tool Health Using Transmitted Sound (2012)

Tool condition monitoring systems (TCMS) have approached detection of tool wear over time from several perspectives: visual inspection, vibrational analysis, acoustic emission, power consumption and sound analysis. Current research focuses on monitoring methods involving expensive and complex sensor systems placed in close proximity to the machining operation itself. Understandably, industry has been slow to adopt these methods due to the initial high cost of sensors and the risk of damage to those sensors in the industrial environment. Methods that can monitor industrial machining processes from more remote locations would allow protection of valuable sensor systems and involve simpler installations. Researchers have established a significant relationship between tool wear and the sound signature of machine tools, yet there has been little work in developing this into a workable application. Issues encountered by researchers focus mainly on separating background noise from the noise of the tool itself, and methods to automate the recognition of tool wear conditions in sound signatures. This paper reviews the current state of research in the sound monitoring of tool condition in machine shops.
<i>MPBLAST</i> : improved BLAST performance with multiplexed queries (2000)

[ikorf, gish]@watson.wustl.edu