gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full scale application of the coupled alternate cycles-membrane bioreactor (AC-MBR) process for wastewater reclamation and reuse (2006)

The paper deals with the full scale application of the alternate cycles-membrane bioreactor (AC-MBR) process for wastewater reclamation and reuse. The studied plant treats up to 6000 m3/d and is located at Viareggio, central Italy. The validation of the process is presented discussing its behaviour in two different steady state conditions: the first with MLSS of some 8 g/l at 18.7 Celsius degrees, and the second with some 6 g/l at 24.3 Celsius degrees. Removals of TSS, COD and TN were 100%, &gt;90% and &gt;80%, respectively, while TP removal reached values up to 67% without any chemical precipitation process. The specific energy consumptions were 110÷113 Wh/PE depending mainly on the adopted MLSS.
Systematic Digital Forensic Investigation Model (2012)

Law practitioners are in an uninterrupted battle with criminals in the application of digital/computer technologies, and require the development of a proper methodology to systematically search digital devices for significant evidence. Computer fraud and digital crimes are growing day by day and unfortunately less than two percent of the reported cases result in confidence. This paper explores the development of the digital forensics process model, compares digital forensic methodologies, and finally proposes a systematic model of the digital forensic procedure. This model attempts to address some of the shortcomings of previous methodologies, and provides the following advantages: a consistent, standardized and systematic framework for digital forensic investigation process; a framework which work systematically in team according the captured evidence; a mechanism for applying the framework to according the country digital forensic investigation technologies; a generalized methodology that judicial members can use to relate technology to non-technical observers. This paper present a brief overview of previous forensic models and propose a new model inspired from the DRFWS Digital Investigation Model, and finally compares it with other previous model to show relevant of this model. The proposed model in this paper explores the different processes involved in the investigation of cyber crime and cyber fraud in the form of an elevenstage model. The Systematic digital forensic investigation model (SRDFIM) has been developed with the aim of helping forensic practitioners and organizations for setting up appropriate policies and procedures in a systematic manner.
Web scale NLP (2011)

This paper uses the URL word breaking task as an example to elaborate what we identify as crucial in designing statistical natural language processing (NLP) algorithms for Web scale applications: (1) rudimentary multilingual capabilities to cope with the global nature of the Web, (2) multi-style modeling to handle diverse language styles seen in the Web contents, (3) fast adaptation to keep pace with the dynamic changes of the Web, (4) minimal heuristic assumptions for generalizability and robustness, and (5) possibilities of efficient implementations and minimal manual efforts for processing massive amount of data at a reasonable cost. We first show that the state-of-the-art word breaking techniques can be unified and generalized under the Bayesian minimum risk (BMR) framework that, using a Web scale N-gram, can meet the first three requirements. We discuss how the existing techniques can be viewed as introducing additional assumptions to the basic BMR framework, and describe a generic yet efficient implementation called word synchronous beam search. Testing the framework and its implementation on a series of large scale experiments reveals the following. First, the language style used to build the model plays a critical role in the word breaking task, and the most suitable for the URL word breaking task appears to be that of the document title where the best performance is obtained. Models created from other language styles, such as from document body, anchor text, and even queries, exhibit varying degrees of mismatch. Although all styles benefit from increasing modeling power which, in our experiments, corresponds to the use of a higher order N-gram, the gain is most recognizable for the title model. The heuristics proposed by the prior arts do contribute to the word breaking performance for mismatched or less powerful models, but are less effective and, in many cases, lead to poorer performance than the matched model with minimal assumptions. For the matched model based on document titles, an accuracy rate of 97.18% can already be achieved using simple trigram without any heuristics.
Converting data into functions for continuous wavelet analysis (2009)

We show how to apply the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to discrete data. This is done by deriving analytical functions from the data that are n<sup>th</sup> order integrable and differentiable. We also show how to make these Data Models compactly supported. Further, we show how to identify a stopping criteria for the data sampling process to initiate the wavelet transformation. We also suggest how the data interval can be exploited to obtain a fractal wavelet mother function from the sampled data. We compare this to classical techniques and note enhanced performance, and finally show how the number of terms in the analytical Data Model can be minimized by converting into a one-sided bi-spectral form using only cosine functions. From this bi-spectral form, we are able to forecast and backcast both the original data and the derived adaptive basis functions.
Hybrid diffractive-refractive telescope (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text T. Stone and N. George, "Hybrid diffractive-refractive telescope," Optics News 15(12), 40-41 (1989) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Low Oxidation State Gallium Compounds Synthesis and Characterization of [Ga(CH2CMe3)]n (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow Oxidation State Gallium Compounds Synthesis and Characterization of [Ga(CH2CMe3)]nO. T. Beachley Jr., John C. Pazik, and Matthew J. NobleCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 7, 2885–2889Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00019a051https://doi.org/10.1021/om00019a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
HISTOGRAMMING ON A RECONFIGURABLE MESH COMPUTER∗ (1993)

We develop efficient reconfigurable mesh (RMESH) algorithms to compute the histogram of an image and to perform histogram modification. The histogram of an N × N image is computed by an N × N RMESH in O(√Blog√B (N/√B) for B < N, O(√N) for B = N, and O(√B) for N < B ≤ N 2. B is the number of gray scale values. Histogram modification is done in O(√N) time by an N × N RMESH.
Computer-generated holograms of 3-D objects composed of lines (1985)

The generation of holograms using a computer offers flexibility for data storage and display. The major problems, however, are the calculation of the optical field in the hologram plane, which is usually performed by a simulation of the wave propagation between the object and the hologram planes and the coding of complex values into a real transmittance. To calculate the field, the algorithms most often used are the fast Fourier transform and the Fresnel zone plate. Both of them assume a decomposition (sampling) of the object into points (pixels). This implies limitations, e.g., in the overall number of object pixels. To overcome this, a procedure is suggested using lines of finite length as the basic elements. The wave propagation is described analytically for arbitrary orientations and lengths of the line segments and a wave propagation toward the hologram. The result is a conical wave which is coded in the hologram by calculating the superposition of an in-line reference wave. Optical reconstructions demonstrate the feasibility of the procedure.
Efficient distributed power control for cellular mobile systems (1997)

Various distributed carrier-to-interference (C/I) balancing procedures have been developed to cope with implementational drawbacks of centralized power-control schemes. However, it would be inevitable for these distributed schemes to lose some system performance compared to a centralized one since they control their power level based on only the local C/I measurements. An efficient distributed power-control (DPC) scheme is proposed to maximize the system performance. A distributed C/I balancing algorithm is suggested, which converges fast and is robust to C/I estimation errors. A simple instability detection rule is also suggested to accelerate the balancing phase of DPC schemes. Numerical results indicate that our algorithm achieves improvements in terms of the outage probability as well as the algorithm speed. Robustness to the C/I measurement errors is also explored.
Quinoxaline Studies. I. The Preparation of 2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6-methoxyquinoxaline and 2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-7-methoxyquinoxaline (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinoxaline Studies. I. The Preparation of 2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6-methoxyquinoxaline and 2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-7-methoxyquinoxalineSeymour. Yolles and Harry P. SchultzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 7, 2375–2377Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01175a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01175a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on the Procurement of Blood Coagulation Factor VIII: (1988)

Abstract. To determine the viability of blood cells collected in half‐strength (0.5 CPD.A2) and full‐strength citrate anticoagulants, paired crossover autologous survival studies were performed in normal volunteers using 51 Cr‐labelled red cells after 35 days storage and 111 In‐labelled platelets after 5 days storage. For both studies, viability was better maintained in 0.5 CPD.A2 anticoagulant. This was significant for red cells (24‐hour survival: 80 ± 6 vs. 52 ± 21 %) but not for platelets by either linear or multiple‐hit models (recovery 51 ± 13 vs. 38 ± 14%, survival 5.1 ± 1.4 vs. 3.7 ± 1.5 days). The poor viability of red cells after storage in full‐strength anticoagulant was associated with low cellular adenosine triphosphate levels and was confirmed in follow‐up studies.
Predicting Critical Transitions From Time Series Synchrophasor Data (2012)

The dynamical behavior of power systems under stress frequently deviates from the predictions of deterministic models. Model-free methods for detecting signs of excessive stress before instability occurs would therefore be valuable. The mathematical frameworks of “fast-slow systems” and “critical slowing down” can describe the statistical behavior of dynamical systems that are subjected to random perturbations as they approach points of instability. This paper builds from existing literature on fast-slow systems to provide evidence that time series data alone can be useful to estimate the temporal distance of a power system to a critical transition, such as voltage collapse. Our method is based on identifying evidence of critical slowing down in a single stream of synchronized phasor measurements. Results from a single machine, stochastic infinite bus model, a three machine/nine bus system and the Western North American disturbance of 10 August 1996 illustrate the utility of the proposed method.
Ultra-sensitive flexible pressure sensor with stamped polyurethane rubber (2011)

Precisely stamped flexible pressure sensors are being developed to realize artificial skin or biomedical applications like prosthetic skin. In order to fabricate flexible ultra-sensitive artificial skin, a large array of tangible pixel pressure sensor with highly ordered sharp tips are necessary. We demonstrate here flexible, highly sensitive capacitive pressure sensor stamped with biocompatible polyurethane (PU) rubber from inexpensively self-assembled honeycomb-shaped polystyrene (PS)-based block copolymer master pattern.
<i>In situ</i> x-ray absorption spectroscopic study of the Li[Ni1∕3Co1∕3Mn1∕3]O2 cathode material (2005)

The layered LiNi1∕3Co1∕3Mn1∕3O2 system has recently drawn considerable interest for use as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. In order to investigate the charge-compensation mechanism and structural perturbations occurring in the system during cycling, in situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements were performed utilizing a novel electrochemical in situ cell specifically designed for long term x-ray experiments. The cell was cycled at a moderate rate through a typical Li-ion battery operating voltage range (2.9–4.7 V). The electrode contained 2.025 mg of LiNi1∕3Co1∕3Mn1∕3O2 on a 25-μm Al foil and had an area of 0.79cm2. The x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements were performed at the Ni, Co, and the Mn edges at different states of charge (SOC) during cycling, revealing details about the response of the cathode to Li insertion and extraction processes. Changes of bond distance and coordination number of Ni, Co, and Mn absorbers as a function of the state of charge of the material were obtained from the extended x-ray-absorption fine structure (EXAFS) region of the spectra. The x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) region was studied in order to characterize the oxidation states of the 3d transition metals during cycling (Li extraction/insertion). We found that oxidation states of transition metals in LiNi1∕3Co1∕3Mn1∕3O2 are Ni2+, Co3+, and Mn4+, whereas during charging Ni2+ is oxidized to Ni4+ through an intermediate stage of Ni3+,Co3+ is oxidized almost to Co4+ and, utilizing Faraday’s calculation and XAS results, the Co was found to be at Co3.92+ at the end of the charge, while Mn was found to be electrochemically inactive and remains as Mn4+. The EXAFS data that were collected continuously during cycling revealed details about the response of the cathode to Li insertion and extraction. These measurements on the LiNi1∕3Co1∕3Mn1∕3O2 cathode confirmed that the material retains its symmetry and good structural short-range order leading to superior cycling.
Delivery of the Sox9 gene promotes chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in an in vitro model (2014)

SRY-related high-mobility-group box 9 (Sox9) gene is a cartilage-specific transcription factor that plays essential roles in chondrocyte differentiation and cartilage formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of genetic delivery of Sox9 to enhance chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). After they were isolated from human umbilical cord blood within 24 h after delivery of neonates, hUC-MSCs were untreated or transfected with a human Sox9-expressing plasmid or an empty vector. The cells were assessed for morphology and chondrogenic differentiation. The isolated cells with a fibroblast-like morphology in monolayer culture were positive for the MSC markers CD44, CD105, CD73, and CD90, but negative for the differentiation markers CD34, CD45, CD19, CD14, or major histocompatibility complex class II. Sox9 overexpression induced accumulation of sulfated proteoglycans, without altering the cellular morphology. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that genetic delivery of Sox9 markedly enhanced the expression of aggrecan and type II collagen in hUC-MSCs compared with empty vector-transfected counterparts. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis further confirmed the elevation of aggrecan and type II collagen at the mRNA level in Sox9-transfected cells. Taken together, short-term Sox9 overexpression facilitates chondrogenesis of hUC-MSCs and may thus have potential implications in cartilage tissue engineering.
In Vitro and in Vivo Metabolism of Verproside in Rats (2012)

Verproside, a catalpol derivative iridoid glycoside isolated from Pseudolysimachion rotundum var. subintegrum, is a biologically active compound with anti-inflammatory, antinociceptic, antioxidant, and anti-asthmatic properties. Twenty-one metabolites were identified in bile and urine samples obtained after intravenous administration of verproside in rats using liquid chromatography-quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Verproside was metabolized by O-methylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, and hydrolysis to verproside glucuronides (M1 and M2), verproside sulfates (M3 and M4), picroside II (M5), M5 glucuronide (M7), M5 sulfate (M9), isovanilloylcatalpol (M6), M6 glucuronide (M8), M6 sulfate (M10), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (M11), M11 glucuronide (M12), M11 sulfates (M13 and M14), 3-methyoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (M15), M15 glucuronides (M17 and M18), M15 sulfate (M20), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (M16), M16 glucuronide (M19), and M16 sulfate (M21). Incubation of verproside with rat hepatocytes resulted in thirteen metabolites (M1-M11, M13, and M14). Verproside sulfate, M4 was a major metabolite in rat hepatocytes. After intravenous administration of verproside, the drug was recovered in bile (0.77% of dose) and urine (4.48% of dose), and O-methylation of verproside to picroside II (M5) and isovanilloylcatalpol (M6) followed by glucuronidation and sulfation was identified as major metabolic pathways compared to glucuronidation and sulfation of verproside in rats.
Kinin-related effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. (1990)

Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II and splits bradykinin into inactive fragments. Inhibition of that enzyme attenuates kinin degradation and potentiates the action of kinins in many pharmacological investigations. Kinins are very potent vasodilating peptides which reduce blood pressure by lowering peripheral vascular resistance. Under experimental conditions in vitro kinins mediated a lot of metabolic and hemodynamic effects of the ACE inhibitors. However, it is still not known whether kinins also play a major role in the blood pressure-lowering effect of ACE inhibitors in vivo. New and highly specific assays are available to determine kinins in blood. But after ACE inhibition no homogeneous changes in circulating kinins are observed by reviewing recently published studies and even inhibition of kallikrein-kinin systems by either antibradykinin-antiserum or aprotinin does not clarify the role of kinins in the hemodynamic responses to ACE inhibition. The newly available bradykinin receptor antagonists inhibit in vitro and in vivo the effect of exogenous bradykinin. They were metabolized like kinins and in higher doses can develop kinin-like activities. After intravenous injection the bradykinin-receptor antagonists induce in vivo an increase in systemic blood pressure and thereby can reduce the blood pressure-lowering effect of ACE inhibitors markedly. However, it is unclear to date whether the bradykinin receptor antagonists developed their blood pressure-enhancing effect only by blocking the kinin-induced vasodilation or by some other stimulating effects on the vasopressor hormones. As long as the mechanisms of the hemodynamic action of the bradykinin antagonists are uncertain, no unequivocal interpretation of the results is possible and the role of kinins in the action of ACE inhibitors in vivo remains still uncertain.
Synthesis and catalysis of chemically reduced metal–metalloid amorphous alloys (2012)

Amorphous alloys structurally deviate from crystalline materials in that they possess unique short-range ordered and long-range disordered atomic arrangement. They are important catalytic materials due to their unique chemical and structural properties including broadly adjustable composition, structural homogeneity, and high concentration of coordinatively unsaturated sites. As chemically reduced metal-metalloid amorphous alloys exhibit excellent catalytic performance in applications such as efficient chemical production, energy conversion, and environmental remediation, there is an intense surge in interest in using them as catalytic materials. This critical review summarizes the progress in the study of the metal-metalloid amorphous alloy catalysts, mainly in recent decades, with special focus on their synthetic strategies and catalytic applications in petrochemical, fine chemical, energy, and environmental relevant reactions. The review is intended to be a valuable resource to researchers interested in these exciting catalytic materials. We concluded the review with some perspectives on the challenges and opportunities about the future developments of metal-metalloid amorphous alloy catalysts.