gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 2-MW Motor And ARCP Drive for High-Speed Flywheel (2007)

A high-speed induction motor and soft-switching electronic drive are selected to transfer energy between a flywheel and the other power components of a prototype hybrid locomotive power system. The motor-generator operates in direct coupling at 15,000 RPM with the composite flywheel. The motor drive rating is 2MW (2600HP) over the operating frequency range of 125 to 250 Hz. The power-frequency range and harmonic heating considerations have led to an auxiliary resonant commutated pole (ARCP) soft-switching design. The drive and motor have been tested to nearly the full speed range. Unique requirements of energy storage and transfer are also presented.
Preclinical evaluation of VAX-IP, a novel bacterial minicell-based biopharmaceutical for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (2016)

The development of new therapies that can prevent recurrence and progression of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer remains an unmet clinical need. The continued cost of monitoring and treatment of recurrent disease, along with its high prevalence and incidence rate, is a strain on healthcare economics worldwide. The current work describes the characterization and pharmacological evaluation of VAX-IP as a novel bacterial minicell-based biopharmaceutical agent undergoing development for the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer and other oncology indications. VAX-IP minicells selectively target two oncology-associated integrin heterodimer subtypes to deliver a unique bacterial cytolysin protein toxin, perfringolysin O, specifically to cancer cells, rapidly killing integrin-expressing murine and human urothelial cell carcinoma cells with a unique tumorlytic mechanism. The in vivo pharmacological evaluation of VAX-IP minicells as a single agent administered intravesically in two clinically relevant variations of a syngeneic orthotopic model of superficial bladder cancer results in a significant survival advantage with 28.6% (P = 0.001) and 16.7% (P = 0.003) of animals surviving after early or late treatment initiation, respectively. The results of these preclinical studies warrant further nonclinical and eventual clinical investigation in underserved nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer patient populations where complete cures are achievable.
Treatment of Urinary Voiding Dysfunction Syndromes With Spinal Cord Stimulation (2010)

This case report presents the use of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in a patient with urinary incontinence who had previously undergone trial and implantation of InterStim therapy (Medtronic Neurological, Minneapolis, MN). The patient also experienced bilateral lower extremity pain and low back pain related to post-laminectomy syndrome. Having failed all conservative treatment, the patient underwent SCS trial and subsequent implantation. In the postoperative period using SCS therapy, the patient had excellent relief of urinary incontinence symptoms, along with relief of low back pain and bilateral lower extremity pain and was able to discontinue use of InterStim therapy. For this patient, SCS was effective in controlling the urinary voiding dysfunction symptoms, bilateral lower extremity pain and back pain. The use of SCS to treat urinary incontinence problems deserves further study to explore its therapeutic potentials.
Fenologia reprodutiva, morfologia e biologia floral de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae), em restinga da Ilha de Santa Catarina, Brasil (2004)

Floral biology of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) in sandbank areas of Santa Catarina Island, Brazil. Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is a brazilian native dioecious species of Anacardiaceae with a wide geographical distribution and great ecological plasticity. The study was carried out in a sandbank area, in the municipal district of Florianópolis — SC, from September 2002 to May 2003. Analysis of the flower morphology of both sexes, measures of the inflorescence lengths and widths, counting of the inflorescence numbers per branch and flowers per inflorescence, as well as the daily number of opened flowers, were all performed with the aim of detecting a probable reproductive dimorphism. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that the studied plant present diclinous flowers, depending basically on insects for pollination. Anthesis occurs always in the morning and the male flower has a duration of only 12 hours, while the female flower remains receptive for a period of more than 32 hours. In the 1st reproductive period of the study (springtime), just 22% of the plants were blooming. In the 2nd period (summer/autumn), 100% of the individuals were blooming. The species presented sexual dimorphism, manifested by the length (t= -12.75; p<0.5) and width (t= -11.78; p<0.5) of their inflorescence. However, the similarities between their flowers, added to the synchrony of their reproductive period, the anthesis and availability of nectar, in both sexes, seem to attenuate the differences and possibly favor reproductive success through the attraction of floral visitors to both types of flower.
A Regularized Discrete Laminate Parametrization Technique with Applications to Wing-Box Design Optimization (2012)

Peer Reviewed
Report on Results of Frontal Sinus Obliterations in Turku University Central Hospital 1977–1994 (1997)

When a sinusitis develops into a chronic stage, for which endoscopic sinus surgery is not radical or successful enough, we currently perform in our hospital obliteration of the infected frontal sinuses. The present study is a partly retrospective and partly prospective evaluation of the outcome of patients operated on by osteoplastic approach. Obliteration materials used during years 1977-1994 have been ossar, collagen matrix and since 1990 bioactive glass. Although major differences between the obliteration materials could not be demonstrated the obliteration with bioactive glass has proven to be a safe and effective method for patients who did not show any improvement after endoscopic sinus surgery.
Exponential shear flow of linear, entangled polymeric liquids (2000)

A previously proposed reptation model is used to interpret exponential shear flow data taken on an entangled polystyrene solution. Both shear and normal stress measurements are made during exponential shear using mechanical means. The model is capable of explaining all trends seen in the data, and suggests a novel analysis of the data. This analysis demonstrates that exponential shearing flow is no more capable of stretching polymer chains than is inception of steady shear at comparable instantaneous shear rates. In fact, all exponential shear flow stresses measured are bounded quantitatively by stress measurements taken during inception of steady shear. Information taken from the model about chain stretching suggests that normal stress measurements are strong indications of stretching, whereas shear stress measurements are indicative of both chain stretching and segment orientation.
Oligomeric Donor Material for High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells: Breaking Down a Polymer (2015)

A comparison study of photovoltaic properties of an oligomer and a polymer based on the same backbone structure is conducted to show that high-efficiency small molecules can be developed from breaking down polymers. The oligomer attains high-efficiency as a result of the high-degree molecular ordering and the excellent intrinsic phase separation with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Pilot-an example of advanced FMCW techniques (1991)

'Pilot' is an FMCW tactical navigational radar which uses the high time-bandwidth product of frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) to provide excellent low probability of intercept (LPI) characteristics. It is shown that single antenna FMCW operation is feasible and practical and that FMCW MTI (moving target indication) can be implemented efficiently by using a correlation receiver.<
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Effect of anti‐mosquito antibodies on the infectivity of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei to Anopheles farauti (1990)

The effect of mouse anti-mosquito antibodies, present in the bloodmeal, on the infectivity of Plasmodium berghei Vincke to Anopheles farauti Laveran was investigated. Significantly fewer oocysts developed in mosquitoes feeding on mice immunized with sugar-fed mosquito midgut antigens than in mosquitoes feeding on control mice. Mosquitoes feeding on mice immunized with the midgut antigens derived from sugar-fed mosquitoes also showed reduced mortality and had lower infection rates than those fed on unimmunized mice. Blood-fed midgut antigen was less effective in producing these effects than sugar-fed midgut antigen.
Response of Birds to Different Types of Food Repellents (1984)

Birds varied in their response to food treated with a taste repellent (copper oxalate) or either of two aversive conditioners, (lithium chloride and methiocarb). All repellents reduced the amount of treated food consumed by captive birds having easy access to unlimited alternate food supplies, although copper oxalate was ineffective against free-ranging birds. Once copper oxalate and methiocarb were removed from food, food consumption returned to normal. Birds, however, continued to avoid foods previously treated with LiCl that was disguised by micro-encapsulation or adding it to previously salted food. These results indicate that birds avert from the taste or sight of the repellent when it is detectable and avert from the food when the repellent is undetectable. Hence, non-detectable aversive conditioners have a greater potential to protect untreated food sources.
Crossed field excitation of an acoustic superlattice (1996)

This paper analyses theoretically the `crossed field' scheme for acoustic excitation of an acoustic superlattice. The electrical admittance is deduced by the use of Green functions. A configuration with an electromechanical coupling coefficient as high as 0.76 is found.
Effect of LiF on Hot‐Pressing of MgO (1967)

Transparent polycrystalline specimens can be fabricated from fine MgO powder with a small LiF addition by a two‐step process: hot‐pressing and heat‐treating. The LiF addition allows MgO to be hot‐pressed to near theoretical density at reduced temperatures and stresses. The stress‐temperature‐time conditions must be designed to attain a hot‐pressed density of at least 99.5% of the theoretical density of MgO to obtain a transparent specimen during the subsequent heat treatment used in this study. Possible densification mechanisms are discussed.
Traumatic brain injury and stroke: does recovery differ? (2018)

The findings of this study reveal the possibility of cognitive recovery after brain damage. No recovery differences were found for vascular and traumatic lesions.
Discovery of Undefined Protein Cross-Linking Chemistry: A Comprehensive Methodology Utilizing <sup>18</sup>O-Labeling and Mass Spectrometry (2013)

Characterization of protein cross-linking, particularly without prior knowledge of the chemical nature and site of cross-linking, poses a significant challenge, because of their intrinsic structural complexity and the lack of a comprehensive analytical approach. Toward this end, we have developed a generally applicable workflow-XChem-Finder-that involves four stages: (1) detection of cross-linked peptides via (18)O-labeling at C-termini; (2) determination of the putative partial sequences of each cross-linked peptide pair using a fragment ion mass database search against known protein sequences coupled with a de novo sequence tag search; (3) extension to full sequences based on protease specificity, the unique combination of mass, and other constraints; and (4) deduction of cross-linking chemistry and site. The mass difference between the sum of two putative full-length peptides and the cross-linked peptide provides the formulas (elemental composition analysis) for the functional groups involved in each cross-linking. Combined with sequence restraint from MS/MS data, plausible cross-linking chemistry and site were inferred, and ultimately confirmed, by matching with all data. Applying our approach to a stressed IgG2 antibody, 10 cross-linked peptides were discovered and found to be connected via thioethers originating from disulfides at locations that had not been previously recognized. Furthermore, once the cross-link chemistry was revealed, a targeted cross-link search yielded 4 additional cross-linked peptides that all contain the C-terminus of the light chain.
Some Perspectives on Targeted Delivery with Prodrugs (1987)

Targeted delivery using prodrugs is becoming an important means for studying approaches to the efficient delivery for complex and often toxic molecules to specific sites within the body. Especially true for polymeric prodrugs containing targeting moieties, the future offers many possibilities for improvement of the therapeutic ratio by delivering drugs exclusively to diseased cellular and subcellular components within the organism. The fact that this type of research is highly interdisciplinary in nature requires the creative input of the biology disciplines as well as chemistry and pharmaceutical science. Our perspective on what constitutes the true delivery system, as it applies to targeted delivery, needs to be redefined. The use of the prodrug to target drug molecules to specific sites is merely the chemical delivery device that has been conceived and designed after considering the implications of those biochemical, physiological, and immunological processes that ultimately affect the transport and distribution of the prodrug within the host organism.
Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function with Unicast and Broadcast Traffic (2006)

Most studies on performance of IEEE 802.11 DCF networks do not contemplate the existence of broadcast traffic. They model network behaviour in presence of unicast traffic alone. In a real scenario, broadcast frames exist, and they will influence the overall network behaviour. This work presents a new traffic generalized model for CSMA/CA saturated single-hop networks able to describe the network behaviour in presence of both unicast and broadcast frames. Interesting statistics like station transmission probability, average time needed to complete a frame transmission, and network aggregate throughput are deduced from the model. The paper compares the performance of our model with other models proposed only for unicast traffic. Our model is validated for broadcast and unicast traffic through simulations, using an IEEE 802.11 DCF network scenario. Results are presented and analysed for different scenarios of broadcast/unicast network loads, different number of nodes and different frame data lengths
Unenhanced Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (2017)

Brain edema reconstructions are able to more accurately detect edema and end-infarct volume as compared with initial TNC images. This provides a better assessment of the degree and extent of infarction and may serve to better guide therapy in the future.
Deletion of the Transcriptional Regulator cyAbrB2 Deregulates Primary Carbon Metabolism in <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803  (2013)

cyAbrB is a transcriptional regulator unique to and highly conserved among cyanobacterial species. A gene-disrupted mutant of cyabrB2 (sll0822) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 exhibited severe growth inhibition and abnormal accumulation of glycogen granules within cells under photomixotrophic conditions. Within 6 h after the shift to photomixotrophic conditions, sodium bicarbonate-dependent oxygen evolution activity markedly declined in the ΔcyabrB2 mutant, but the decrease in methyl viologen-dependent electron transport activity was much smaller, indicating inhibition in carbon dioxide fixation. Decreases in the transcript levels of several genes related to sugar catabolism, carbon dioxide fixation, and nitrogen metabolism were also observed within 6 h. Metabolome analysis by capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry revealed that several metabolites accumulated differently in the wild-type and mutant strains. For example, the amounts of pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) were significantly lower in the mutant than in the wild type, irrespective of trophic conditions. The growth rate of the ΔcyabrB2 mutant was restored to a level comparable to that under photoautotrophic conditions by addition of 2OG to the growth medium under photomixotrophic conditions. Activities of various metabolic processes, including carbon dioxide fixation, respiration, and nitrogen assimilation, seemed to be enhanced by 2OG addition. These observations suggest that cyAbrB2 is essential for the active transcription of genes related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism upon a shift to photomixotrophic conditions. Deletion of cyAbrB2 is likely to deregulate the partition of carbon between storage forms and soluble forms used for biosynthetic purposes. This disorder may cause inactivation of cellular metabolism, excess accumulation of reducing equivalents, and subsequent loss of viability under photomixotrophic conditions.
TAL Effectors Specificity Stems from Negative Discrimination (2013)

Transcription Activator-Like (TAL) effectors are DNA-binding proteins secreted by phytopathogenic bacteria that interfere with native cellular functions by binding to plant DNA promoters. The key element of their architecture is a domain of tandem-repeats with almost identical sequences. Most of the polymorphism is located at two consecutive amino acids termed Repeat Variable Diresidue (RVD). The discovery of a direct link between the RVD composition and the targeted nucleotide allowed the design of TAL-derived DNA-binding tools with programmable specificities that revolutionized the field of genome engineering. Despite structural data, the molecular origins of this specificity as well as the recognition mechanism have remained unclear. Molecular simulations of the recent crystal structures suggest that most of the protein-DNA binding energy originates from non-specific interactions between the DNA backbone and non-variable residues, while RVDs contributions are negligible. Based on dynamical and energetic considerations we postulate that, while the first RVD residue promotes helix breaks--allowing folding of TAL as a DNA-wrapping super-helix--the second provides specificity through a negative discrimination of matches. Furthermore, we propose a simple pharmacophore-like model for the rationalization of RVD-DNA interactions and the interpretation of experimental findings concerning shared affinities and binding efficiencies. The explanatory paradigm presented herein provides a better comprehension of this elegant architecture and we hope will allow for improved designs of TAL-derived biotechnological tools.
Cylindrical Photocatalytic Reactors. Radiation Absorption and Scattering Effects Produced by Suspended Fine Particles in an Annular Space (1997)

The radiation field for an annular-type photocatalytic reactor has been modeled, and the resulting integro-differential equation has been solved resorting to the discrete ordinate method. The spatial domain was described in terms of two cylindrical coordinates and the field of direction with two angular variables. The radiation entering through the inner reactor wall was obtained from the extended source with voluminal emission model. The system parameters for the radiative-transfer equation were taken from experimental measurements. Resorting to computational experiments, the effects produced by different concentrations of (1) transparent scattering centers and (2) radiation absorbing (catalytic) particles were investigated. In the second case, Aldrich and Degussa P 25 titanium dioxide particles were used. The following information is reported: (1) specific intensities as a function of position inside the reactor and of the angular distribution of directions; (2) incident radiation profiles and local volumetric rate of energy absorption profiles, both as a function of the spatial position inside the reactor.
The Gab Hate Corpus (2018)

The growing prominence of online hate speech is a threat to a safe and just society. This endangering phenomenon requires collaboration across the sciences in order to generate evidence-based knowledge of, and policies for, the dissemination of hatred in online spaces. To foster such collaborations, here we present the Gab Hate Corpus (GHC), consisting of 27,665 posts from the social network service gab.ai, each annotated by a minimum of three trained annotators. Annotators were trained to label posts according to a coding typology derived from a synthesis of hate speech definitions across legal, computational, psychological, and sociological research. We detail the development of the corpus, describe the resulting distributions of hate-based rhetoric, target group, and rhetorical framing labels, and establish baseline classification performance for each using standard natural language processing methods. The GHC, which is the largest theoretically-justified, annotated corpus of hate speech to date, provides opportunities for training and evaluating hate speech classifiers and for scientific inquiries into the linguistic and network components of hate speech.
Aqueous humour and plasma cortisol levels in glaucoma and cataract patients (1981)

By means of radioimmunoassay, the content of endogenous cortisol in the aqueous humour and plasma of 35 patients suffering from various types of glaucomas and 35 cataract patients was determined, and the ratio of the plasma to the aqueous humour cortisol levels was calculated. The highest cortisol level in both plasma and aqueous humour was found to occur in patients with open-angle glaucoma suffering at the same time from systemic hypertension. The lowest plasma to aqueous humour cortisol ratio was found in patients with secondary glaucoma treated with steroids. In woman suffering from open-angle glaucoma, the rising cortisol level in plasma with age contrasted to the decreasing cortisol level in aqueous humour. The authors suggest that there is an active interference with homeostatic mechanisms responsible for ensuring the stability of the eye inner milieu and a certain protection of the trabecular meshwork of the angle of the anterior eye chamber against noxious effects of the endogenous cortisol.
Small molecule targeting r(UGGAA)n disrupts RNA foci and alleviates disease phenotype in Drosophila model (2021)

Synthetic small molecules modulating RNA structure and function have therapeutic potential for RNA diseases. Here we report our discovery that naphthyridine carbamate dimer (NCD) targets disease-causing r(UGGAA)<sub>n</sub> repeat RNAs in spinocerebellar ataxia type 31 (SCA31). Structural analysis of the NCD-UGGAA/UGGAA complex by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy clarifies the mode of binding that recognizes four guanines in the UGGAA/UGGAA pentad by hydrogen bonding with four naphthyridine moieties of two NCD molecules. Biological studies show that NCD disrupts naturally occurring RNA foci built on r(UGGAA)<sub>n</sub> repeat RNA known as nuclear stress bodies (nSBs) by interfering with RNA-protein interactions resulting in the suppression of nSB-mediated splicing events. Feeding NCD to larvae of the Drosophila model of SCA31 alleviates the disease phenotype induced by toxic r(UGGAA)<sub>n</sub> repeat RNA. These studies demonstrate that small molecules targeting toxic repeat RNAs are a promising chemical tool for studies on repeat expansion diseases.