gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Different Serotypes of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector- and Lentivirus-Mediated Tropism in Choroid Plexus by Intracerebroventricular Delivery (2020)

Regulation of gene expression by viral vectors is an effective method for researchers to explore the function of gene products in a target tissue. The choroid plexus (CP) is an important target for gene therapy of neuropsychiatric diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder. However, viral tropism in CP has not been well studied as a result of limited viral vector applications. To identify CP-specific viral vectors, we intracerebroventricularly administered six different serotypes of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors (AAV2/1, AAV2/5, AAV2/8, AAV2/9, AAV2-BR1, and AAV2-PHP.eB) and lentivirus in adult mice. Tropism in CP was compared among these viruses. We found that AAV2/5 and AAV2/8 displayed remarkable infections in CP, while AAV2/1 infected both ependymal cells and cells in the CP. Except for the low infection intensity of AAV2/9 and lentivirus in the CP, no infection intensity was found for CP tissues injected with AAV2-BR1 or AAV2-PHP.eB. Green fluorescence protein expression in the CP after AAV2/5 infection was confirmed by Western blotting. AAV2/5-mediated tropism in epithelial cells of the CP was verified by immunostaining with transthyretin. In this study, we identified for the first time that serotype-specific AAVs 5 and 8 may be robust research tools for intracerebroventricular gene delivery.
Targeting β2-Microglobulin Mediated Signaling as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Human Renal Cell Carcinoma (2007)

Our results demonstrate that beta2-microglobulin has an important role in regulating the growth and survival of renal cell carcinoma cells and anti-beta2-microglobulin antibody offers a potential novel therapy for the treatment of human renal cell carcinoma.
Mining user session data to facilitate user interaction with a customer service knowledge base in RightNow Web (2001)

RightNow Web is an integrated software package for web-based customer service that has, at its core, a database of answers to frequently asked questions (FAQs). One major design goal is to facilitate end-user interaction with this dynamic document collection, i.e. make it as easy and efficient as possible for users to browse the collection and locate desired information. To this end, we perform several types of analysis on the session tracking database that records user navigation histories. First, using both explicit and implicit measures of user satisfaction, we infer a "solved count" representing the average utility of an FAQ. Second, using the user navigation patterns we construct a link matrix representing connections between FAQs. The technique of building up the link matrix and using it to advise users on related information amounts to a form of the "swarm intelligence" method of finding optimal paths. Both solved count and the link matrix are continuously updated as users interact with the site; furthermore, they are periodically "aged" to emphasize recent activity. The synergistic combination of these techniques allows users to learn from the database in a more effective manner, as evidenced by usage statistics.
Slot mulch for runoff and erosion control (1981)

ABSTRACT: A slot mulch method of tillage and residue management is being developed to control runoff and erosion on land where infiltration is restricted due to frost or soil characteristics. Soil slots, installed approximately on the contour, are filled with crop residues to prevent freezing, surface sealing, and lateral flow. Field trials, infiltration tests, and theoretical analyses all show the method has potential for increasing infiltration and reducing erosion.
Social TV service: A case study (2011)

This paper presents a new television (TV) service model, social TV service, which integrates social networking context and Internet protocol television (IPTV) to create a new type of sharable, interactive and participative TV service. With the social TV service, people can share their opinions and feelings with friends and experiences enriched TV services, such as personalized recommendation and target advertisement. In this paper, based on our implementation, we first investigate in detail the key features that differentiate social TV service from traditional IPTV service. In addition, a use case of potential social TV service, called Virtual SocieTV (VSTV), we implemented as a demo application, is introduced.
Effects of organic‐farming‐compatible insecticides on four aphid natural enemy species (2010)

The results indicated the potentially high toxicity of natural pyrethrins for beneficial arthropods. Although this toxicity needs to be confirmed in field conditions, the toxicity levels obtained in the laboratory were similar to or higher than those of several synthetic insecticides known to be toxic in the field. Insecticidal soaps could be considered as an alternative for aphid control in organic farming in terms of selectivity.
Site-Specific Role of Catechol-<i>O</i>-Methyltransferase in Dopamine Overflow within Prefrontal Cortex and Dorsal Striatum (2007)

Accumulating evidence from clinical and preclinical studies shows that catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) plays a significant role in dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex, but not in the striatum. However, to what extent dopamine overflow in the prefrontal cortex and striatum is controlled by enzymatic degradation versus reuptake is unknown. We used COMT deficient mice to investigate the role of COMT in these two brain regions with in vivo voltammetry. A real-time analysis of evoked dopamine overflow showed that removal of dopamine was twofold slower in the prefrontal cortex of mice lacking COMT than in wild-type mice, indicating that half of the dopamine decline in this brain region results from COMT-mediated enzymatic degradation. Lack of COMT did not influence dopamine overflow/decline in the dorsal striatum. COMT-deficient mice demonstrated a small (20-25%) but consistent increase in evoked dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex, but not in the dorsal striatum. Cocaine affected equally dopaminergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex in both genotypes by prolonging 3-4 times dopamine elimination from extracellular space. Paradoxically, this happened without increase of the peak levels of evoked dopamine release. The present findings represent the first demonstration of the significant contribution of COMT in modulating the dynamics of dopamine overflow in the prefrontal cortex and underscore the therapeutic potential of manipulating COMT activity to alter dopaminergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex.
Eigenfunction approximation methods for linearly-solvable optimal control problems (2009)

We have identified a general class of nonlinear stochastic optimal control problems which can be reduced to computing the principal eigenfunction of a linear operator. Here we develop function approximation methods exploiting this inherent linearity. First we discretize the time axis in a novel way, yielding an integral operator that approximates not only our control problems but also more general elliptic PDEs. The eigenfunction problem is then approximated with a finite-dimensional eigenvector problem - by discretizing the state space, or by projecting on a set of adaptive bases evaluated at a set of collocation states. Solving the resulting eigenvector problem is faster than applying policy or value iteration. The bases are adapted via Levenberg-Marquardt minimization with guaranteed convergence. The collocation set can also be adapted so as to focus the approximation on a region of interest. Numerical results on test problems are provided.
Both mature KIR+ and immature KIR− NK cells control pediatric acute B-cell precursor leukemia in NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid IL2rgtmWjl/Sz mice (2014)

Therapeutic natural killer (NK)-cell-mediated alloreactivity toward acute myeloid leukemia has largely been attributed to mismatches between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells and their ligands, HLA class I molecules, on target cells. While adult acute B-cell precursor leukemia (BCP-ALL) appears to be resistant to NK-cell-mediated lysis, recent data indicate that pediatric BCP-ALL might yet be a target of NK cells. In this study, we demonstrate in a donor-patient-specific NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid) IL2rg(tmWjl)/Sz (NSG) xenotransplantation model that NK cells mediate considerable alloreactivity toward pediatric BCP-ALL in vivo. Notably, both adoptively transferred mature KIR(+) NK cells and immature KIR(-) NK cells arising early posttransplantation in humanized NSG mice exerted substantial antileukemic activity. Low-dose and long-term treatment of humanized NSG mice with the DNA-demethylating agent 5-aza-cytidine distinctly enhanced the antitumor response, interestingly without inducing common inhibitory KIR expression but rather by promoting the differentiation of various NK-cell precursor subsets. Collectively, these data indicate that the future design of innovative therapy protocols should consider further exploitation of NK-cell-mediated immune responses for poor prognosis pediatric BCP-ALL patients.
The Influence of Lithographic Patterning on Current Distribution: A Model for Microfabrication by Electrodeposition (1992)

A model has been developed to predict current distribution in electrodeposition onto substrates that contain lithographic patterns. The aim of the work was to understand the strong effects that substrate patterning can exert on the thickness distribution of plated films. Based on the familiar potential‐theory model for secondary current distribution in electrochemical cells, the model is applicable at length scales that are large compared to the individual features of a pattern. The pattern is described entirely as a continuous distribution of "active‐area density," a property that reflects any relative change in the electroactive area of the substrate due to the pattern. The active‐area density enters the expression that relates the surface overpotential to the current density. An implementation of the model, using the boundary‐element method, has been applied to several problems that illustrate the effects of substrate patterning on current distribution. For each example, the dimensionless groups that characterize the current distribution have been identified, general solutions have been obtained over wide parameter ranges, and behavioral trends have been interpreted.
Practical reconstruction protocol for quantitative <sup>90</sup>Y bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT (2016)

The proposed EW-based BC model was developed for (90)Y bremsstrahlung imaging. SPECT with AC + BC gave improved lesion detectability and activity quantification compared to SPECT with AC only. The proposed methodology can readily be used to tailor (90)Y SPECT/CT acquisition and reconstruction protocols with different SPECT/CT systems for quantification and improved image quality in clinical settings.
Evaluation of Stp2p-dependent alpha-Synuclein Toxicity in Yeast: Role of GAPDH? (2005)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked to alpha-synuclein misfolding and aggregation in the substantia nigra par compacta cells of the brain. Discovering and characterizing factors that regulate alpha-synuclein misfolding and toxicity have high therapeutic potential. A recent study (Willingham et al., 2003) demonstrated that over-expression of wild type (WT) alpha-synuclein in an STP2 deletion (stp2[delta]) S. cerevisiae strain is toxic to the yeast. We tested the hypothesis that this toxicity involves glyceraldehyde 3-phosphodehydrogenase (Gapdhp), a known anti-apoptotic protein. Surprisingly, we did not observe toxicity in stp2[delta] strains over-expressing WT alpha-synuclein or its familial mutants (A30P and A53T). Moreover, lack of Stp2p did not alter alpha-synuclein distribution in living yeast cells and no increase in cytoplasmic aggregation was seen. Neither the levels of alpha-synuclein nor Gapdhp changed in stp2[delta] cells. Furthermore, contrary to our prediction, genetic deletion of GAPDH3 (gapdh3[delta]) did not enhance growth in strains that over-expressed alpha-synuclein. We propose that the lack of alpha-synuclein toxicity in stp2[delta] may be due to our use of a different protein expression system: pYES2-based expression may not have produced enough alpha-synuclein to overwhelm protein quality-control systems and yield the toxicity that underlies PD pathogenesis.
Stimulation-Induced Dyskinesias Inform Basal Ganglia Models and the Mechanisms of Deep Brain Stimulation: Figure 1. (2007)

High-frequency (or deep brain) stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) represents an effective treatment for intermediate to late-stage Parkinson's disease (PD). The success of HFS for treatment of PD has accelerated research into its use for a number of other disorders, ranging from
Buffer Effect on Protein Adsorption at Liquid/Solid Interface (2009)

This work shows buffer choice and buffer concentration can drastically affect protein adsorption. We used ATR/FTIR to compare the adsorption kinetics and secondary structural evolution of BSA, IgG, fibrinogen and lysozyme on a Ge surface, buffered in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl) at pH 7.4. The adsorption behaviors of the four proteins are multilayer in nature, and all exhibit a short period of rapid initial adsorption with larger secondary structural changes, followed by a long period of quasi-linear adsorption. For BSA, IgG and fibrinogen, PBS buffer depresses the adsorption in the quasi-linear kinetic region compared with Tris-HCl buffer, whereas lysozyme adsorption is relatively insensitive to buffer choice. Buffer concentration also affects protein adsorption. BSA adsorption increases monotonically with Tris-HCl concentration while the variation with PBS concentration is nonmonotonic. The secondary structure in the adsorbed phase is in general quite different from that in the bulk solution; however, buffer choice does not have a significant effect on secondary structural evolution of adsorbed proteins especially when comparisons are made on the basis of adsorbed amount. Although PBS is the most commonly used buffer at physiological pH, the role of phosphate ions in PBS buffer and their effect on protein adsorption are rather complex because phosphate ions adsorb competitively with protein molecules and more than one type of phosphate ions can exist both in the bulk solution and in the adsorbed phase. The competitive nature of protein and phosphate ion adsorption is demonstrated for IgG adsorption in a sequenced adsorption/flushing/displacement experiment.
High-efficiency second-harmonic generation at 4250-4680 Å in KNbO&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt; (1979)

KNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> has been found to be noncritically phase matchable for frequency doubling of 8500-9360-Å radiation by temperature tuning. An energy conversion efficiency of 43 percent was obtained at a pump power of 0.9 MW at 8502 Å in a 5-mm-long crystal, thus demonstrating the attractiveness of KNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> as a second-harmonic generator of moderate to low power near-infrared lasers such as an Er: YLF laser.
Advanced Production Monitoring (2006)

Abstract An effective and comprehensive integrated production-system monitoring framework plays an important role in the Smart Fields philosophy to turn data into actionable information and therefore value. This has been demonstrated by implementing some of the principal requirements for such a framework in the application called Data Broker in Shell. The Data Broker infrastructure has allowed Shell Engineers to perform exception-based surveillance. Used together with other Smart Fields applications such as FieldWare Production Universe, FieldWare Well Test, IPM and Energy Components, automated event recognition and workflows has freed up engineer's time to do more value added work, such as technical analysis and decision-making – time that would otherwise be spent looking for and validating data from many different sources. The system allows for a more efficient handling of data in terms of efficiency, quality and timeliness in reporting to end-users. The advent of real-time algorithms, monitoring tools, better integration software, event and workflow application tools allows the above infrastructure to be realised.
Synthesis of a New Calix[4]arene Family Using syn-Dihydroxy[2.n]metacyclophane as a Building Block (1995)

By using dihydroxymetacyclophanes, a new calix[4]arene family, which kept the cone-conformation between r.t. and 140 °C in DMSO, was successfully synthesized in excellent yields. The several derivatives sufficiently show the selectivity and extractability as excellent ionophores for alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and lanthanoids.
Bifunctional Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Small Molecules with Two Novel Mechanisms of Action (2004)

A class of betulinic acid derivatives was synthesized to target two critical steps in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication cycle, entry and maturation. Each mechanism of HIV-1 inhibition is distinct from clinically available anti-HIV therapeutics. The viral determinants of the antientry and antimaturation activities are the bridging sheet of HIV-1 gp120 and the P24/p2 cleavage site, respectively.
TRPV4 regulates calcium homeostasis, cytoskeletal remodeling, conventional outflow and intraocular pressure in the mammalian eye (2016)

An intractable challenge in glaucoma treatment has been to identify druggable targets within the conventional aqueous humor outflow pathway, which is thought to be regulated/dysregulated by elusive mechanosensitive protein(s). Here, biochemical and functional analyses localized the putative mechanosensitive cation channel TRPV4 to the plasma membrane of primary and immortalized human TM (hTM) cells, and to human and mouse TM tissue. Selective TRPV4 agonists and substrate stretch evoked TRPV4-dependent cation/Ca(2+) influx, thickening of F-actin stress fibers and reinforcement of focal adhesion contacts. TRPV4 inhibition enhanced the outflow facility and lowered perfusate pressure in biomimetic TM scaffolds populated with primary hTM cells. Systemic delivery, intraocular injection or topical application of putative TRPV4 antagonist prodrug analogs lowered IOP in glaucomatous mouse eyes and protected retinal neurons from IOP-induced death. Together, these findings indicate that TRPV4 channels function as a critical component of mechanosensitive, Ca(2+)-signaling machinery within the TM, and that TRPV4-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling regulates TM stiffness and outflow. Thus, TRPV4 is a potential IOP sensor within the conventional outflow pathway and a novel target for treating ocular hypertension.
An effort-minimized logic BIST implementation method (2002)

This paper presents LBIST (Logic Built-In Self Test) design practice at Cisco Systems. It focuses on the LBIST design tasks that could affect design schedules and efforts. These are design timing closure and signature mismatch debugging. Our timing closure technique guarantees timing closure for LBIST insertion without any iteration between synthesis and LBIST insertion. In addition, it guarantees that only one iteration between static timing analysis and LBIST insertion is required to close all timing violations. The signature mismatch debugging technique effectively identifies the causes by indicating the pattern, the scan flip-flop and its operation mode, where the mismatch happens. These techniques save design efforts and the product-to-market time. We have integrated this method into an ASIC design flow. The results of using this flow in a large telecommunication design are described.
Adaptive sensitivity CCD image sensor (2002)

The design of adaptive sensitivity CCD image sensor is described. The sensitivity of each pixel is individually controlled (by changing its exposure time) to assure that it is operating in the linear range of the CCD response, and not in the cut-off saturation regions. Thus, even though an individual CCD sensor is limited in its dynamic range, the whole CCD array has a much wider dynamic range. The idea is based on the biological retina principle of operation, enabling the imager to capture details in both the light and dark areas of high-contrast scenes, as in the human eye.
Photochemistry of 1,5-hexadien-3-ones: wavelength-dependent selectivity in intramolecular enone-olefin photoadditions (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of 1,5-hexadien-3-ones: wavelength-dependent selectivity in intramolecular enone-olefin photoadditionsWilliam G. Dauben, Jeffrey M. Cogen, George A. Ganzer, and Victor BeharCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 15, 5817–5824Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00015a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00015a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views631Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts