gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of transport on feeder calves. (1988)

One hundred fifty feeder steers (mean body weight, 195 kg) were assigned to 1 of 3 transport groups and were deprived of feed and water (fasted) for 24 hours. Additionally, calves were transported on a commercial livestock trailer for 0 (control-fasted only), 12 (short haul), or 24 (long haul) hours. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein before calves were loaded on the transport vehicle and immediately after calves of the long-haul group returned to the research feedlot. Complete blood counts were performed and 32 mineral, enzyme, and biochemical constituents were measured. Calf morbidity, mortality, and average daily weight gain were evaluated during the next 56 days. Duration of transport did not affect average daily gain; however, calves of the short-haul group had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher morbidity and mortality than did those of the control and long-haul groups. In all groups, results of differential leukocyte counts were indicative of stress response. Significant (P less than 0.05) linear contrasts were observed between duration of transport and erythrocyte, leukocyte, segmented neutrophil, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts and results of serum enzyme (alanine transaminase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, total lactate dehydrogenase [LD], and LD-1, LD-3, and LD-4 isoenzymes), iron, urea nitrogen, beta-globulin, glucose, and urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio determinations. Significant (P less than 0.05) quadratic contrasts were observed between duration of transport and serum unsaturated iron binding capacity, total iron binding capacity, and LD-5 percentage. Calf source had a significant (P less than 0.05) effect on almost all variables tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Increasing Reliability of Cutting/Pulling Casing in a Single Trip (2011)

Abstract This paper discusses the tools, technology and methods developed to significantly reduce pipe cutting and recovery time in subsea plug and abandonment operations and in the slot recovery program for existing platforms. Conventional apparatuses and techniques for cutting and extracting well casing involve multiple trips downhole to run and retrieve the cutting and spearing equipment, because the required tools do not function cooperatively. In certain slot recovery operations, cutting and pulling the casing may be difficult due to firm cement bond, barite settling from drilling fluid in the annulus, or both. Accordingly, such slot recovery operations require cutting the casing several times to locate a friction free point for safe extraction of the severed casing resulting in multiple trips. The authors describe a recently developed pipe cutting system with multiple sets of cutters which can be selectively activated while the tool is downhole. When one set of cutters wears down, a replacement set can be selectively activated to resume cutting actions. The tool currently has three sets of cutters; however more sets can be added. Also, each set of cutters feature knives dressed with novel inserts made from a specially formulated compound which extends cutter life. Each set has a positive knife return mechanism to ensure full collapse. The tool also enables pressure to be monitored from the surface by means of an indicator device, which registers a pressure drop at the rig floor to indicate a cut has been completed. Additionally, the spearing device can be run in the same drill string and selectively activated to retrieve casing after it is severed. North Sea field runs involving slot recovery programs in which operators faced stuck casing that required several cuts to locate a free point will be outlined to document tool success. The pipe cutting system performed successfully in all cases thus validating the objective of allowing multiple cuts in the casing and minimizing the number of trips required for casing cutting and recovery operation.
Workflow scheduling using Neural Networks and Reinforcement Learning (2019)

The development of information technologies entails a nonlinear growth of both volumes of data and the complexity of data processing itself. Scheduling is one of the main components for optimizing the operation of the computing system. Currently, there are a large number of scheduling algorithms. However, even in spite of existing hybrid schemes, there remains a need for a scheduling scheme that can quickly and efficiently solve a scheduling problem on a wide range of possible states of the computing environment, including the high heterogeneity of computational models and resources, and should have an ability to self-adapt and self-learn. At present, artificial intelligence and neural networks are the most popular methods for working with data and solving a wide range of problems, but they are not developed enough to solve the scheduling problem. Therefore, in this paper we propose a scheduling scheme based on Artificial Neural Networks and the principles of Reinforcement Learning.
Inflammatory Arthritis: An Overview for Primary Care Physicians (2009)

Continuing advances in the treatment of inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have made remission a realistic goal for patients. Despite these advances, early diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis by primary care physicians (PCPs) and subsequent referral to a rheumatologist remain a challenge. Delayed diagnosis and referral, which may extend to several years in some cases, may lead to irreversible joint destruction and compromised function. The aim of this review is to aid PCPs in preventing the potential delay in disease recognition and patient referral by highlighting the currently accepted criteria for disease activity, clinical response, and remission of RA, AS, and PsA. In addition, a discussion of the benefits and risks of the currently approved traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologic treatments, and the importance of comanagement of these conditions across specialties, will be addressed. Because PCPs are often the first point of contact for disease recognition, they can play a critical role in the management of these patients.
Life on a planet of its own: regulation of RNA polymerase I transcription in the nucleolus (2003)

Mammalian cells contain 100 or more copies of tandemly repeated ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes per haploid genome. These genes are transcribed with high efficiency to keep up with the cell’s metabolic activity and demand for ribosomes. Alterations in cell proliferation are accompanied by profound changes in the transcription rate of rRNA genes. Thus, by responding to changes in the cellular environment, transcription by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) ultimately determines ribosome production and the potential for cell growth and proliferation. There are several comprehensive reviews that discuss regulation of rRNA synthesis in vertebrates and yeast (Grummt 1999; Reeder 1999; Warner 1999; Moss and Stefanovsky 2002). However, new data have been produced even since the latest of these reviews that uncover the mechanisms that link Pol I transcription to cellular physiology. In this review, I restrict the background information to the minimal level that is required for understanding initiation complex formation at the rDNA promoter before proceeding to review the regulatory pathways that adapt cellular rRNA synthesis to cell metabolism and growth.
Changes in intraocular pressure due to cycloplegia. (1998)

Cyclopentolate represents a valuable aid in performing retinoscopy in healthy subjects who have an anterior chamber with adequate depth and an open angle.
Human placental lysyl oxidase. Purification, partial characterization, and preparation of two specific antisera to the enzyme. (1984)

Lysyl oxidase from human placentas gave four catalytically active forms on DEAE-cellulose chromatography in 6 M urea.The first two of these were combined to form pool I and the remaining two to form pool 11.Pool I was purified to homogeneity, while the final pool I1 enzyme usually had one minor contaminant.The molecular weight of both enzyme pools was identical, being about 30,000 by gel filtration in 6 M urea and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.No distinct differences were found between the two pools in amino acid composition, specific activity, or the use of various substrates.Two antisera were prepared, one to the total enzyme protein (pools I and 11) and the other to pool I.Both antisera inhibited and precipitated crude placental lysyl oxidase, the two enzyme pools, and crude human skin fibroblast enzyme, there being no differences between the various enzyme forms.Both antisera also stained the two enzyme pools in immunoblotting of denatured proteins.The data suggest that there are no major catalytic, molecular, or immunological differences between the multiple forms of human lysyl oxidase.An antiserum prepared to any of the enzyme forms can, therefore, probably be used to study the total enzyme protein.Lysyl oxidase initiates the cross-linking of collagens and elastin by catalyzing oxidative deamination of the €-amino group in certain lysine and hydroxylysine residues of collagens and lysine residues of elastin (1).The enzyme has been purified to near homogeneity or homogeneity from chick and bovine aorta and cartilage and from bovine ligamentum nuchae (2-10).Preparations of lysyl oxidase from all these sources are heterogeneous, with multiple peaks of activity in DEAE-cellulose chromatography, the molecular weight of most species being about 30,000 or a multiple thereof (1-10).The reasons for the multiple forms are unknown, but recent data indicate that there are definite structural and catalytic similarities between the four forms of the enzyme in bovine aorta and cartilage (10).No data are currently available on the purification and properties of lysyl oxidase from any human source.Deficiency in this enzyme activity has recently been found in several human heritable connective tissue disorders associated with abnormalities in copper metabolism (11)(12)(13)(14).Studies on the mechanisms of these abnormalities would require information
IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic (1985)

A family of commercially feasible ways for new systems to perform binary floating-point arithmetic is defined. This standard specifies basic and extended floating-point number formats; add, subtract, multiply, divide, square root, remainder, and compare operations; conversions between integer and floating-point formats; conversions between different floating-point formats; conversions between basic-format floating-point numbers and decimal strings; and floating-point exceptions and their handling, including nonnumbers.
<title>Advanced reconfigurable machine for flexible fabrication</title> (1995)

In a recently awarded ARPA program to advance the state of the art of parallel actuated next-generation machine tools, a vertically integrated team led by Martin Marietta is applying recent advanced in electroceramic smart materials and advanced composites to achieve leapfrog advanced in precision, flexibility, and speed of machine tools. Specific approached to achieve these advanced include active vibration cancellation, improved control technology, and design optimization using advanced structural and dynamic models. In this program, the team will integrate large high-force actuators, composites, and active vibration control with the Ingersoll Milling Machine Company's innovative Octahedral Hexapod machine to develop to Advanced Reconfiguration Machine for Flexible Fabrication. The enhanced Octahedral Hexapod machine will provide new levels of machining flexibility while still retaining precision and low cost. This technology will have widespread impact on the flexible fabrication of materials--especially those that are tough to machine traditionally--in several industries, e.g., aerospace, defense, aircraft, and automotive.
Sporadic medulloblastomas contain oncogenic beta-catenin mutations. (1998)

The beta-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene products interact to form a network that influences the rate of cell proliferation. Medulloblastoma occurs as part of Turcot's syndrome, and patients with Turcot's who develop medulloblastomas have been shown to harbor germ-line APC mutations. Although APC mutations have been investigated and not identified in sporadic medulloblastomas, the status of the beta-catenin and GSK-3beta genes has not been evaluated in this tumor. Here we show that 3 of 67 medulloblastomas harbor beta-catenin mutations, each of which converts a GSK-3beta phosphorylation site from serine to cysteine. The beta-catenin mutation seen in the tumors was not present in matched constitutional DNA in the two cases where matched DNA was available. A loss of heterozygosity analysis of 32 medulloblastomas with paired normal DNA samples was performed with four microsatellite markers flanking the GSK-3beta locus; loss of heterozygosity with at least one marker was identified in 7 tumors. Sequencing of the remaining GSK-3beta allele in these cases failed to identify any mutations. Taken together, these data suggest that activating mutations in the beta-catenin gene may be involved in the development of a subset of medulloblastomas. The GSK-3beta gene does not appear to be a target for inactivation in this tumor.
A novel a priori SNR estimation approach based on selective cepstro-temporal smoothing (2008)

While state-of-the-art approaches obtain an estimate of the a priori SNR by adaptively smoothing its maximum likelihood estimate in the frequency domain, we selectively smooth the maximum likelihood estimate in the cepstral domain. In the cepstral domain the noisy speech signal is decomposed into coefficients related mainly to the speech envelope, the excitation, and noise. As in the cepstral domain coefficients that represent speech can be robustly determined, we can apply little smoothing to speech coefficients and strong smoothing to noise coefficients. Thus, speech components are preserved and musical noise is suppressed. In speech enhancement experiments we obtain consistent improvements over the well known decision-directed approach.
Microelectromechanical systems (1993)

The microfabrication techniques used to develop high-performance closed-loop-controlled microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are discussed. A generalized MEMS could consist of mechanical components, sensors, actuators, and electronics, all integrated in the same environment. Bulk and surface micromachining, substrate bonding, and electroforming in conjunction with X-ray lithography, all integral components of silicon micromachining, are described. The development of a materials base for MEMS and a variety of physical phenomena for microactuator applications that have recently been demonstrated are reviewed. The applications and future trends of MEMS technologies are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel manganese-dependent ATM-p53 signaling pathway is selectively impaired in patient-based neuroprogenitor and murine striatal models of Huntington's disease (2014)

The essential micronutrient manganese is enriched in brain, especially in the basal ganglia. We sought to identify neuronal signaling pathways responsive to neurologically relevant manganese levels, as previous data suggested that alterations in striatal manganese handling occur in Huntington's disease (HD) models. We found that p53 phosphorylation at serine 15 is the most responsive cell signaling event to manganese exposure (of 18 tested) in human neuroprogenitors and a mouse striatal cell line. Manganese-dependent activation of p53 was severely diminished in HD cells. Inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase decreased manganese-dependent phosphorylation of p53. Likewise, analysis of ATM autophosphorylation and additional ATM kinase targets, H2AX and CHK2, support a role for ATM in the activation of p53 by manganese and that a defect in this process occurs in HD. Furthermore, the deficit in Mn-dependent activation of ATM kinase in HD neuroprogenitors was highly selective, as DNA damage and oxidative injury, canonical activators of ATM, did not show similar deficits. We assessed cellular manganese handling to test for correlations with the ATM-p53 pathway, and we observed reduced Mn accumulation in HD human neuroprogenitors and HD mouse striatal cells at manganese exposures associated with altered p53 activation. To determine if this phenotype contributes to the deficit in manganese-dependent ATM activation, we used pharmacological manipulation to equalize manganese levels between HD and control mouse striatal cells and rescued the ATM-p53 signaling deficit. Collectively, our data demonstrate selective alterations in manganese biology in cellular models of HD manifest in ATM-p53 signaling.
Distinct processes of lighting priors for lightness and 3-D shape perception (2021)

The visual system often relies on prior assumptions when interpreting ambiguous visual inputs. A well-known example is the light-from-above prior, which aids the judgment of an object's three-dimensional (3-D) shape (i.e., convex or concave). Recent studies have revealed that the light-from-above prior also helps solve lightness ambiguity. This study aimed to examine whether 3-D shape perception and lightness perception share the same lighting prior. The study participants performed two tasks: one focusing on lightness perception and another focusing on 3-D shape perception. The dominant directions of the assumed lighting were calculated from participants' performance in the two tasks. The results showed that the assumed lighting direction for 3-D shape perception were considerably biased toward the left, whereas the one for lightness perception was almost from directly above. The clear difference between these two directions supports the hypothesis that the visual system uses distinct lighting priors for 3-D shape perception and lightness perception. Experiments 1 and 2 involved Japanese speaking participants and European participants, respectively. The Japanese language can be read and written both horizontally (i.e., left to right) and vertically (i.e., up to down) with lines progressing from right to left. Nevertheless, the two experiments still produced the same result, which suggests that the present finding is universal regardless of reading/writing direction.
Recent Developments in Depsipeptide Research (2002)

This review focuses on the major developments in depsipeptide research since 1995. Depsipeptides are bio-oligomers composed of hydroxy and amino acids linked by amide and ester bonds. Many depsipeptides show very promising biological activities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-clotting or anti-antherogenic properties. In this report depsipeptides exhibiting these properties are discussed. Their isolation, structural determination, and notable structural features are discussed, but their biological properties and therapeutic potentials are emphasized. Depsipeptides have shown the greatest therapeutic potential as anticancer agents. Four depsipeptides have entered clinical trials for cancer treatment. Among the antiviral compounds discovered, the callipeltins and the quinoxapeptins are particularly promising due to their inhibitory activities against HIV. These compounds have the potential to be developed as anti-AIDS drugs or to serve as lead compounds for the discovery of structurally related anti-AIDS compounds. Antifungal compounds, such as the jaspamides, may lead to therapies against many of the opportunistic infections that accompany AIDS. Anti-inflammatory compounds such as SCH217048 act as neurokinin antagonists and may lead to anti-inflammatory treatments. Some depsipeptides such as micropeptins and A90720A have been found to be effective plasmin inhibitors, which have implications as treatments for cardiovascular diseases. Compounds such as SCH58149 help control the levels of HDL and LDL.
Sub-micron GMR sensors with vertically integrated hard magnet biasing applicable for high temperature operation (2001)

This paper demonstrates high-temperature operation of a sub-micron GMR sensor, biased with a vertically integrated hard magnet. In the present study, fringe fields from vertically integrated CoPt pattern are used for biasing transverse to the short axis of the GMR strip. While, well-defined shape anisotropy in the narrow strip pattern is used for biasing parallel to the short axis. A sputtered Co/Cu multilayer overlaid with CoPt is structured into strip pattern with a width of down to 0.4 /spl mu/m by electron beam lithography and Ar ion milling. A typical layer structure of the studied samples is [Co(2.0 nm)/Cu(2.0 nm)]/Ta(8.0 nm)/CoPt(23 nm). The fabricated self-biased GMR strip exhibited superior linear MR response to alternative external fields ranged from 0.4 to 250 Oe at room temperature and 553 K (apparatus limit).
[Stimulatory action of shakuyaku on aromatase activity in cultured rat follicles]. (1989)

The direct action of herbal medicines on aromatase activity was investigated in cultured rat follicles. Mature follicles were obtained from PMSG-treated immature rats. Aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-OHA) was also used in the experiment. Follicles were incubated in the medium for 24 hour with toki-shakuyaku-san, Keisi-bukuryo-gan. unkei-to (10-500 micrograms) or their ingredients (100 micrograms), respectively. The addition of 4-OHA reduced estradiol secretion in a dose-response manner. The addition of each medicine (100, 500 micrograms) as well as 4-OHA (10(-5) M) restored estradiol secretion to the control level. Among the ingredients, Shakuyaku stimulated estradiol secretion in the medium in the presence or absence of 4-OHA. It is noteworthy that shakuyaku alone had a stimulatory action on aromatase activity and is the only one which is equally contained in the three medicines.
<i>In situ</i> study of oxygen and Mg effects on current-induced magnetization switching in Pt/Co bilayers in ultrahigh vacuum (2020)

We report on an in situ study of oxygen exposure and Mg dusting effects on current-induced magnetization switching in Pt/Co bilayers via controlled oxygen exposure, Co and Mg deposition, and electrical measurements in ultrahigh vacuum. We show that the oxygen exposure and Mg dusting induce changes in saturation magnetization, effective magnetic anisotropy, spin–orbit torque, and switching current density. From the correlation between these parameters and the switching current density for current-induced switching, we found that the reduction in switching current density by oxygen exposure is caused by the combined effect of enhancement in spin–orbit torque and lowering of the switching energy barrier required for incoherent switching with the latter playing a dominant role in large samples.
Dielectric Properties of Polyester Reinforced with Carbon Black Particles (2011)

Dielectric constant and ac conductivity of Polyester doped with carbon black are investigated in the frequency range (0.5-103) KHz and within the temperature range (26-80) oC. Dielectric permittivity and loss tangent reduced with increasing frequency and increase with increasing temperature. The ac conductivity σac for all samples were found to be weak frequency dependent at low frequency, however vary with frequency as a power law ωs at higher frequency range. The variation of frequency exponential factor s between 0.63 and 0.77, indicates a dominant hopping process at low temperatures. From the temperature dependence of dc conductivity, the increase of activation energy was observed with carbon black concentrations.