gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanolithography with an acid catalyzed resist (1988)

Poly(p-t-butyloxycarbonyloxystyrene) resist shows great potential for electron-beam nanolithography, particularly as a negative resist. The resist has been used to fabricate structures with linewidths as narrow as 18 nm. The resist can be processed in both positive and negative modes depending upon the developing solvent, and linewidths &lt;40 nm have been obtained in both cases. The exposure mechanism is based upon a new resist design principle incorporating an acid catalyst. The sensitivity of the resist can be at least six times higher than that of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) exposed under the same conditions (i.e., 50 kV, thin membrane substrates). The exposure distribution for the resist in the negative mode has been determined, confirming its resolution potential. These data indicate that the increase in sensitivity realized through incorporation of a gain mechanism in the resist chemistry is not achieved at a large loss in resolution. In its negative mode, the resist exhibits adequate ion etch resistance for device fabrication. The resist compares favorably with other negative resists for nanolithography with regards to both resolution, and its ability to be cleanly removed by rf plasma oxidation after serving as an ion etch mask.
Automated Validation of Capillary Refill Time Measurements Using Photo-Plethysmogram from a Portable Device for Effective Triage in Children (2011)

Capillary refill time (CRT) is an important tool for the clinical assessment of trauma and dehydration. Indeed, it has been incorporated into advanced life support guidelines as part of the rapid assessment of critically ill patients. However, digitalized CRT techniques are not readily available and the standard assessment based on the visual inspection of CRT lacks standardization and is prone to a high inter-observer variability. We present an algorithm for the automatic validation of the CRT measurement on the finger using photo-plethysmogram recordings on a small portable device. It is based on a set of deterministic rules for the classification of finger pressure and regular plethysmographic pulses. Validation studies using the classification of 93 pediatric recordings from Canada and Uganda showed that the novel algorithm reliably detects invalid CRT measurements (sensitivity 98.4%). This includes patterns such as insufficient pressure, low perfusion signals, and artifacts. Since our device consists of widely available components already in use, the promising results suggest that the algorithm could be readily integrated in operating rooms and intensive care units around the world. This more robust assessment of CRT would produce a more powerful diagnostic tool for clinical triage in critical care settings.
Solar-Powered Sea Slugs. Mollusc/Algal Chloroplast Symbiosis (2000)

Solar-powered “leaves that crawl”? This description of photosynthetic sea slugs (adapted from Bill Rudman [[www.austmus.gov.au/seaslugs/solarpow.htm][1]] and Robert Trench [1975]) aptly describes the symbiotic association that occurs between certain molluscan sea slugs and algal chloroplasts.
Induction of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase in macrophages by oxidized LDL: its relevance in atherosclerosis of humans and heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits (1997)

The objective of the study was to analyze the intracellular antioxidative response of macrophages (Mphi) exposed to increased levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL). We studied manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and, in part, GSH in cultured human and rabbit Mphi, and in atheromatous arterial tissue of humans and heritable hyperlipidemic (HHL) rabbits. Incubation of human Mphi with oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL) resulted in an induction of MnSOD mRNA production as shown by RT-PCR. MnSOD immunoreactivity (IR) was found to be located in the mitochondria of Mphi. In HHL rabbits, MnSOD activity and GSH concentration were significantly increased in atherosclerotic intima compared to the media of the aorta, but significantly decreased (P<0.01) in larger plaques compared with smaller ones, resulting in a significant inverse correlation of MnSOD activity (r=-0.67, P<0.001) and GSH concentration (r=-0.57, P<0.01) with plaque size. Immunohistology of the atherosclerotic intima revealed MnSOD-IR in Mac-1 (CD 11b/CD 18)-immunoreactive (ir) Mphi of human arteries and, similarly, in RAM-11-ir Mphi of rabbit ones. The relation of MnSOD-ir Mphi decreased with plaque advancement, which is consistent with biochemical findings. Most MnSOD-ir Mphi in atherosclerotic plaques revealed TUNEL-positive nuclei, indicating DNA strand breaks, and p53-IR. We conclude that mitochondrial antioxidants such as MnSOD are induced in Mphi in vitro and in atherosclerotic arteries as a reply to increased mitochondrial oxidation. As normal consequences of an increased oxidative stress due to the exposure to ox-LDL nuclear DNA strand breaks occur, which are suggested to be a signal to increase p53 protein levels. Reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial-dependent pathways are suggested as major contributing pathomechanisms to nuclear damage, which eventually may result in apoptosis. A common response to increased oxidative stress due to modified LDL is presumed in rabbit and human atherosclerotic plaques.
Alternative Technologies for Automobile Air Conditioning (1991)

It is concluded that the helium Stirling cycle and the metal hydride/chemical heat pump could well be attractive alternative technologies for mobile air conditioning.Energy conservation should be strongly considered for all vehicles.The absorption cycle is a possible alternative if coupled with energy conservation to reduce system size.Other systems will require breakthroughs to raise their COP to competitive levels.
Peptide inhibitors of beta-amyloid aggregation. (2007)

The aggregation of the beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) into toxic oligomers is probably the key pathogenic event in the onset of Alzheimer's disease, and is therefore a target for the treatment of the disease. A plethora of organic molecules have been shown to inhibit Abeta aggregation and toxicity. Many inhibitors are peptides or peptidomimetics, typically based on the amino acids 16 to 20 of Abeta (KLVFF), which binds to Abeta in isolation. Peptides have been modified by adding bulky groups, charged sequences or polyethylene glycol to their termini, or by N-methylation, replacing a backbone amide by an ester, and by replacing a residue with proline.
ASM: a programmable interface for extending android security (2014)

Android, iOS, and Windows 8 are changing the application architecture of consumer operating systems. These new architectures required OS designers to rethink security and access control. While the new security architectures improve on traditional desktop and server OS designs, they lack sufficient protection semantics for different classes of OS customers (e.g., consumer, enterprise, and government). The Android OS in particular has seen over a dozen research proposals for security enhancements. This paper seeks to promote OS security extensibility in the Android OS. We propose the Android Security Modules (ASM) framework, which provides a programmable interface for defining new reference monitors for Android. We drive the ASM design by studying the authorization hook requirements of recent security enhancement proposals and identify that new OSes such as Android require new types of authorization hooks (e.g., replacing data). We describe the design and implementation of ASM and demonstrate its utility by developing reference monitors called ASM apps. Finally, ASM is not only beneficial for security researchers. If adopted by Google, we envision ASM enabling in-the-field security enhancement of Android devices without requiring root access, a significant limitation of existing bring-your-own-device solutions.
Human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2011)

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant global health burden. Approximately 25 percent of HNSCC cases are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). These particular cancers of viral aetiology have been found to have distinct characteristics in regards to presentation, treatment and prognosis. Current advances in vaccinology have the capability to drastically decrease the incidence of HPV-positive HNSCC. Methods: A literature review was undertaken through MEDLINE/PubMED/Ovid databases. The terms "HPV," "HNSCC," "carcinogenesis," "treatment," "prognosis" and "vaccine" were searched. Only studies published in English were considered with 65 articles selected and analysed. Preference was given to studies published in the last ten years. Results: The incidence of HPV-positive HNSCC is increasing. Infection with HPV can result in cancer through the expression of oncogenic proteins which disrupt normal cellular turnover. Aggressive treatment is often undertaken causing significant morbidity in many patients. A proportion of patients die from this disease, suggesting that these cancers have a considerable impact on society. Conclusion: Human papillomavirus is an infectious agent that is likely transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. The virus integrates into the DNA of the host with the high oncogenic risk genotypes, HPV 16 and 18 being strongly linked to HPV-positive HNSCC development. Prevention through vaccination against these genotypes is currently an option for all individuals. The cervical cancer vaccines immunise non-exposed females against HPV 16 and 18. Vaccination of both males and females will prevent HPV-positive HNSCC.
Normal Transition and Propagation Characteristics of YBCO Tape (2005)

YBCO tape is expected to be used in future HTS applications, because it has better J/sub c/ characteristic in high temperatures and in high applied magnetic fields. It is important to consider the stability in superconducting applications. To establish the stability criterion for coated conductors, the characteristics of the transition to the normal state and normal-zone propagation in YBCO sample tapes were examined experimentally and numerically. The YBCO sample tapes were produced by IBAD/PLD method. Measurements were performed as a function of both heat input and operating current for operating temperatures of 55 K, 60 K, and 65 K in a background magnetic field of 5 T. The experimental results were compared with a simulation using a newly developed computer program based on the finite element method (FEM). In the computer program, the I-V characteristics of the YBCO sample tapes were taken into account. The computer program could simulate the normal transition and propagation phenomena and its validity was confirmed. The influence of the thickness of a Ag-stabilizer on the transient thermal behavior of YBCO tapes was examined experimentally and numerically and the results were presented here.
Pattern Similarity Metrics for Layout Pattern Classification and Their Validity Analysis by Lithographic Responses (2018)

In order to detect manufacturing hotspots from huge layout pattern efficiently or to characterize hotspots effectively, various layout pattern classification methods had been proposed. Layout pattern clustering using layout pattern similarity metrics such as area-difference-ratio and edge-shifting-distance could be used as preprocessing to shorten the runtime of classification significantly. However the validity of classification will be degraded if the parameters used for similarity metrics are not appropriately chosen. In this paper, the layout pattern classification methods and layout pattern similarity metrics proposed so far are summarized and are discussed.
A vector quantization approach for room transfer function classification (1991)

A vector quantization (VQ) technique for room acoustics applications is described. Such an approach allows classification of all possible room transfer functions (RTFs) corresponding to different source/receiver positions into discrete and representative frequency response patterns. Results are presented for simulated tests in three rectangular enclosures, for which the optimum number of such patterns (centroids) is estimated. The performance of the proposed method is also assessed by deconvolution which indicates the degree of similarity between all classified RTFs and their corresponding centroids. The VQ technique achieved the required classification in all tested cases. Typically, 256 centroids were required for a medium-sized room, resulting in approximate reduction of 20:1 over all possible RTF measurements inside such an enclosure. The VQ performance was better for central source positions than for the corner positions. In all cases RTF smoothing could be observed after deconvolution by the inverse of the centroid's spectrum, indicating that the VQ technique is suitable for dereverberation applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combination treatment with the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir marboxil and a neuraminidase inhibitor in a mouse model of influenza A virus infection (2018)

Baloxavir marboxil monotherapy with 96 h-delayed oral dosing achieved drastic reductions in virus titre, inflammatory response and mortality in a mouse model. Combination treatment with baloxavir acid and oseltamivir acid in vitro and baloxavir marboxil and oseltamivir phosphate in mice produced synergistic responses against influenza virus infections, suggesting that treating humans with the combination may be beneficial.
Radical-Anion Deoxygenation and Radical Deamination (1996)

The reaction of neamine tetreformamide tetra -acetate with phosphorus oxychloride and triethylamine has been studied. Isocyanide formation was found to proceed in stepwise fashion . The radicalinduced reduction of the resultant derivatives by tri-n-butylstannane leads to the corresponding deaminated aminoglycoside derivatives. In this way five new derivatives of neamine have been prepared for (eventual ) biological evaluation.
An Electrochemical Metalloimmunoassay Based on a Colloidal Gold Label (2000)

A novel, sensitive electrochemical immunoassay has been developed using a colloidal gold label that, after oxidative gold metal dissolution in an acidic solution, was indirectly determined by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) at a single-use carbon-based screen-printed electrode (SPE). The use of disposable electrodes allows for simplified measurement in 35 microL of solution. The method was evaluated for a noncompetitive heterogeneous immunoassay of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) and a concentration as low as 3 x 10(-12) M was determined, which is competitive with colorimetric ELISA or with immunoassays based on fluorescent europium chelate labels. The high performance of the method is related to the sensitive ASV determination of gold(III) at a SPE (detection limit of 5 x 10(-9) M) and to the release of a large number of gold(III) ions from each gold particle anchored on the immunocomplex (e.g., 1.7 x 10(5) gold atoms are theoretically contained in a 18-nm spherical gold particle).
Biosynthesis of dystroglycan: processing of a precursor propeptide (2000)

Dystroglycan is a cytoskeleton-linked extracellular matrix receptor expressed in many cell types. Dystroglycan is composed of alpha- and beta-subunits which are encoded by a single mRNA. Using a heterologous mammalian expression system, we provide the first biochemical evidence of the alpha/beta-dystroglycan precursor propeptide prior to enzymatic cleavage. This 160 kDa dystroglycan propeptide is processed into alpha- and beta-dystroglycan (120 kDa and 43 kDa, respectively). We also demonstrate that the precursor propeptide is glycosylated and that blockade of asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation did not prevent the cleavage of the dystroglycan precursor peptide. However, inhibition of N-linked glycosylation results in aberrant trafficking of the alpha- and beta-dystroglycan subunits to the plasma membrane. Thus, dystroglycan is synthesized as a precursor propeptide that is post-translationally cleaved and differentially glycosylated to yield alpha- and beta-dystroglycan.
Smectic Nanorod Superlattices Assembled on Liquid Subphases: Structure, Orientation, Defects, and Optical Polarization (2015)

Directing the orientation of anisotropic nanocrystal assemblies is important for harnessing the shape-dependent properties of nanocrystal solids in devices. We control the orientation of smectic B superlattices of CdSe/CdS dot-in-rod nanocrystals through assembly on different polar interfaces and quantify the superlattice orientation through correlated small- and wide-angle grazing-incidence diffraction. Small-angle scattering is used to determine the phase of the nanorod superlattices and their preferential growth directions from the subphase. Wide-angle diffraction is used to quantify the orientations of nanorods within the superlattices and with respect to the substrate. Not only are the nanorod long axes aligned within the structures, but truncation of the short axes also coaligns the crystal axes of the nanorods with the zone axes in assembled smectic B crystals. Three dimensional orientational alignment of nanocrystals in superlattices is highly desirable in device applications. Depending on the subphase used for self-assembly, the films range from nearly quantitative vertical to horizontal alignment. Controlling for other variables, we find that the surface tension of the subphase is strongly correlated with the orientational ordering of the nanorod superlattices. The microstructure of nanorod superlattices shows many classic defects of atomic and liquid crystalline systems. The nature of defect structures supports a mechanism of nuclei formation on the subphase–solvent interface rather than in solution. Last, we demonstrate the relationship between optical absorption polarization and superlattice structure using correlated optical spectroscopy and electron microscopy.
Experimental basis of metabolic imaging of the myocardium with radioiodinated aromatic free fatty acids. (1986)

For the investigation of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular pump function, advanced radioisotopic techniques have been established. New developments in radiopharmacology and single-photon emission computed tomography have recently enabled the investigation of parameters of regional energy metabolism in well defined areas of the heart muscle. For this purpose, various iodine (123I)-labeled free fatty acids (FFA) have been synthesized. The diagnostic application of labeled FFA in heart disease may be important, since FFA are the preferred substrates for cardiac energy production at rest in the fasting state. In addition, regional myocardial FFA uptake and regional myocardial blood flow are tightly coupled in normal myocardium with beta-oxidation which is extremely sensitive to oxygen deprivation. This article outlines the basic physiologic pathways of FFA in normal and ischemic myocardium and reviews the results of animal experiments validating the application of these principles for metabolic imaging of the heart by means of the aromatic radioiodinated FFA, 15-(p-iodophenyl)pentadecanoic acid. In addition, the development, physiologic properties, and potential applications of a new generation of 3-methyl-substituted radioiodinated fatty acids that show high myocardial uptake but prolonged retention are discussed.
Extraction of Fetal Cardiac Signals from an Array of Maternal Abdominal Recordings (2008)

Joint PhD thesis between INPG, Grenoble, France and Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Off‐Label Prescribing of Second‐Generation Antipsychotics to Elderly Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Dementia (2017)

Although the prescribing of SGAs to elderly veterans with PTSD has decreased, prescribing an SGA to those with dementia remained consistently higher than for those with PTSD alone and is problematic given the high prevalence of medical comorbidities in this aging population coupled with the lack of compelling evidence for effectiveness of SGAs in individuals with dementia.
Expression and Function of Homing‐Essential Molecules and Enhanced In Vivo Homing Ability of Human Peripheral Blood‐Derived Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells after Stimulation with Stem Cell Factor (2004)

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homing from blood to bone marrow is a multistep process involving rolling, extravasation, migration, and finally adhesion in the correct microenvironment. With view to the hematopoietic recovery after clinical stem cell transplantation, we investigated the effect of stem cell factor (SCF) on the expression and the adhesive function of the alpha4beta1 and alpha5beta1 integrins very-late antigen (VLA)-4 and VLA-5 on peripheral blood-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells. After SCF stimulation, the expression of VLA-4 and VLA-5 on CD34+/c-kit+ cells obtained from healthy donors increased from 54% to 90% and from 3% to 82%, respectively. For patient-derived cells, the increase was 67% to 90% and 12% to 46%. The proportion of mononuclear cells adhering to the fibronectin fragment CH296 increased by stimulation with SCF from 14% to 23%. Accordingly, functional studies showed an approximate 30% increase of adherent long-term culture-initiating cell. The improvement of the homing abilities of SCF-stimulated HSC was confirmed by transplantation into sublethally irradiated nonobese diabetic-scid/scid mice. Six weeks after the transplantation, in eight of eight animals receiving human HSC with the addition of SCF, a profound multilineage hematopoietic engraftment was detected, whereas in the control group receiving only HSC, none of eight animals engrafted. Our data provide the first in vivo evidence that stimulation with cytokines improves the homing ability of transplanted human hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Stress, opioid peptides, the immune system, and cancer (1985)

Our results indicate that a particular form of footshock stress can suppress immune function in rats and decrease their resistance to tumor challenge. These effects appear to be mediated by opioid peptides released by stress, and they can be mimicked by high doses of morphine given systemically or by a vastly smaller dose delivered intracerebroventricularly. Such findings fit well into the emerging field of behavioral neuroimmunology and reinforce continuing efforts to elucidate the neural and neurohumoral mechanisms by which the environment can affect the organism's immune system.
How music changes our lives: A qualitative study of the long-term effects of intense musical experiences (2013)

Intense musical experiences (IMEs) have proven to be of high significance for the people who have them. We investigated the long-term effects of such experiences on people’s way of life and developed a process model: (1) IMEs are characterized by altered states of consciousness, which leads to the experience of harmony and self-realization; (2) IMEs leave people with a strong motivation to attain the same harmony in their daily lives; (3) people develop manifold resources during an IME; (4) IMEs cause long-term changes to occur in people’s personal values, their perception of the meaning of life, social relationships, engagement, activities, and personal development. Results are discussed as they relate to spirituality and altered states of consciousness and conclusions are drawn from the process model that form a starting point for quantitative research. Results suggest that music can indeed change our lives – by making it more fulfilling, spiritual, and harmonious.