gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive measurement of stroke volume during exercise in heart failure patients (2000)

The objective of the present study was to determine the variability of the arterio-venous O(2) concentration difference [C(a-v)O(2)] at anaerobic threshold and at peak oxygen uptake (VO(2)) during a progressively increasing cycle ergometer exercise test, with the purpose of assessing the possible error in estimating stroke volume from measurements of VO(2) alone. We sampled mixed venous and systemic arterial blood every 1 min during a progressively increasing cycle ergometer exercise test and measured, in each blood sample, haemoglobin concentration and blood gas data. Ventilation, VO(2) and CO(2) uptake were also measured continuously. We studied 40 patients with normal haemoglobin concentrations and with stable heart failure due to ischaemic or idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Mean values (+/-S.D.) for C(a-v)O(2) were 7.8+/-2.6, 13.0+/-2.4 and 15. 0+/-2.7 ml/100 ml at rest, anaerobic threshold and peak VO(2) respectively. The patients with heart failure were divided into classes according to their peak VO(2). Classes A, B and C contained patients with peak VO(2) values of>20, 15-20 and 10-15 ml.min(-1). kg(-1) respectively. At anaerobic threshold, C(a-v)O(2) was 12.3+/-1. 3, 13.1+/-2.7 and 13.5+/-2.6 ml/100 ml for classes A, B and C respectively (class A significantly different from classes B and C; P<0.05). At peak exercise C(a-v)O(2) was 13.6+/-1.4, 15.6+/-2.5 and 15.4+/-3.2 ml/100 ml for classes A, B and C respectively (class A significantly different from classes B and C; P<0.05). Stroke volume was estimated for each subject using the mean values of the measured C(a-v)O(2) in each functional class and individual values of VO(2) and heart rate using the Fick formulation. The average difference between the stroke volume estimated from mean C(a-v)O(2) and that obtained using the patient's actual C(a-v)O(2) value was 9.2+/-9.7, 1.0+/-8.8 and -0.2+/-6.1 ml at anaerobic threshold, and -1.9+/-11.3, 0.9+/-10.0 and -2.3+/-8.5 ml at peak exercise, in classes A, B and C respectively. Among the various classes, the most precise estimation of stroke volume was observed for class C patients. We conclude that stroke volume during exercise can be estimated with the accuracy needed for most purposes from measurement of VO(2) at the anaerobic threshold and at peak exercise, and from population-estimated mean values for C(a-v)O(2) in heart failure patients.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry on the millisecond time scale for real-time investigations of thin-film and surface phenomena (1992)

Submonolayer sensitivity to thin-film nucleation and growth in real time on the millisecond scale has been achieved with a unique rotating polarizer multichannel ellipsometer. Continuous spectra in the ellipsometry angles {ψ(hv),Δ(hv)} consisting of ∼50 points from hv=1.5 to 4.3 eV have been obtained with acquisition and repetition times as short as 16 and 32 ms, respectively. As an example of the instrument capabilities, we present results for hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) growth on c-Si by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at a rate of 400 Å/min. In this example, the acquisition and repetition times are both 64 ms, and at this speed a precision in (ψ,Δ) of ∼0.02–0.03° is obtained under optimum conditions. We observe a-Si:H nucleation in the first 2 s of deposition, and detect relaxation of nucleation-induced surface roughness with submonolayer sensitivity.
Discussion on the validity of NIR spectral data in non-invasive blood glucose sensing (2013)

In this paper, the effects of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) on chance correlations in the spectral data, generated from the correlations between glucose concentration and some undesirable experimental factors, such as instrument drift, sample temperature variations, and interferent compositions in the sample matrix, are investigated. The aim is to evaluate the validity of the spectral data set, instead of assessing the calibration models, and then to provide a complementary procedure for better verifying or rejecting the data set. It includes tracing back to the source of the chance correlation on the chemical basis, selecting appropriate preprocessing methods before building multivariate calibration models, and therefore may avoid invalid models. The utility of the proposed analysis is demonstrated with a series of aqueous solutions using near-infrared spectra over the overtone band of glucose. Results show that, spectral variations from chance correlations induced by those experimental factors can be determined by the 2DCOS method, which develops avenues for prospectively accurate prediction in clinical application of this technology.
Trophallaxis and prophylaxis: social immunity in the carpenter ant <i>Camponotus pennsylvanicus</i> (2010)

In social insects, group behaviour can increase disease resistance among nest-mates and generate social prophylaxis. Stomodeal trophallaxis, or mutual feeding through regurgitation, may boost colony-level immunocompetence. We provide evidence for increased trophallactic behaviour among immunized workers of the carpenter ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus, which, together with increased antimicrobial activity of the regurgitate droplet, help explain the improved survival of droplet recipient ants relative to controls following an immune challenge. We have identified a protein related to cathepsin D, a lysosomal protease, as a potential contributor to the antimicrobial activity. The combined behavioural and immunological responses to infection in these ants probably represent an effective mechanism underlying the social facilitation of disease resistance, which could potentially produce socially mediated colony-wide prophylaxis. The externalization and sharing of an individual's immune responses via trophallaxis could be an important component of social immunity, allowing insect colonies to thrive under high pathogenic pressures.
Sentence Boundary Detection in Broadcast Speech Transcripts (2000)

This paper presents an approach to identifying sentence boundaries in broadcast speech transcripts. We describe finite state models that extract sentence boundary information statistically from text and audio sources. An n-gram language model is constructed from a collection of British English news broadcasts and scripts. An alternative model is estimated from pause duration information in speech recogniser outputs aligned with their programme script counterparts. Experimental results show that the pause duration model alone outperforms the language modelling approach and that, by combining these two models, it can be improved further and precision and recall scores of over 70% were attained for the task. 1. INTRODUCTION Spoken audio data is a rich information source. Extensive research efforts during past decades have resulted in automatic speech transcription systems that can perform certain tasks (e.g., large vocabulary dictation from a cooperative speaker) with a high degree of a...
Securing sensitive content in a view-only file system (2006)

One of the most fundamental problems in computer security is protecting sensitive digital information from unauthorized disclosure. There are a number of challenges, such as spyware, removable media, and mobile devices, which make this a very hard problem. The problem becomes even more difficult when the adversary is somebody who is authorized to view the data. This is what is commonly referred to as an insider information leak. Insider leaks often occur out of malice, but sometimes are just due to plain negligence, as was the case with a recent leak of 26 million U.S. veterans' names, birth dates, and social security numbers. Current systems make an attempt to protect against this type of disclosure, but use rudimentary techniques that can be easily bypassed by a knowledgeable attacker. Examples include disabling "print" and "save" menu options within an application or scanning network traffic for signatures of known sensitive content. This paper examines a new method for protecting sensitive content from unauthorized disclosure, a View-Only File System (VOFS). VOFS relies on trusted computing primitives and virtual machine (VM) technology to provide a much greater level of security than current systems. In VOFS, a secure virtual machine on the client authenticates itself with a content provider and downloads sensitive data. Before allowing the user to view the data in his or her non-secure VM, the VOFS client disables non-essential device output. This prevents the user, or any malicious software, from printing, uploading, or stealing the sensitive content. When the user is done viewing a sensitive file, VOFS will reset the machine to previous state and resume normal device activity. Our goal is to provide near-seamless access to view-only files, while at the same time securing them from unauthorized digital replication. This paper presents the initial design, development plan, and evaluation plan for VOFS.
Clade‐specific differences in neurotoxicity of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 B and C Tat of human neurons: significance of dicysteine C30C31 motif (2007)

This study provides important insights into differential neurotoxic properties of B- and C-Tat, and offers a basis for distinct differences in degree of HIV-1-associated neurological deficits observed in patients in India. Additional studies with patient samples are necessary to validate these findings.
Extraordinary Plasticity of Ductile Bulk Metallic Glasses (2006)

Shear bands generally initiate strain softening and result in low ductility of metallic glasses. In this Letter, we report high-resolution electron microscope observations of shear bands in a ductile metallic glass. Strain softening caused by localized shearing was found to be effectively prevented by nanocrystallization that is in situ produced by plastic flow within the shear bands, leading to large plasticity and strain hardening. These atomic-scale observations not only well explain the extraordinary plasticity that was recently observed in some bulk metallic glasses, but also reveal a novel deformation mechanism that can effectively improve the ductility of monolithic metallic glasses.
Analysis and Synthesis of Cycle-Accurate On-Chip Traffic with Long-Range-Dependence (2005)

In this report we propose a stochastic traffic analysis and synthesis methodology adapted to on-chip network traffic. This work confirms and extends recent works (Marculescu et al. [13]) by providing more precise (cycle-accurate) simulations. Our framework based on System-C simulations is able to model precisely the latency of each request-acknowledge transaction or aggregated throughput taking into account its bursty behavior. Our experiments show that on-chip traffic is non-stationary, with long-range-dependence property and that simulation platforms of systems-on-chip will now need to use advanced statistical models for traffic simulation.
Association and surface properties of block-copoly-(oxyethylene/oxypropylene/oxyethylene) L64 (1990)

The mode of association of a purified sample of block-copoly(oxyethylene/oxypropylene/oxyethylene) L64 in aqueous solution has been examined as a function of temperature and concentration by surface tension and light-scattering techniques. The association at 34.5 and 40 °C is described by a cooperative association model which assumes aggregate growth by stepwise addition of unimers. Inflections in the curves of surface tension vs. log concentration are shown to be consistent with the concentrations at which enhanced light scattering is first detectable. Only limited association has been detected at 27 °C.
The Role of Extracellular Proteases in Cell Proliferation and Differentiation (1989)

Proteases have been shown to be capable of inducing two of the most fundamental biologic processes: mitogenesis and cellular differentiation. Their proteolytic activity has been the most widely studied enzymatic activity implicated in inducing these processes. Protease induction of mitogenesis is a major system for studying the control of this process and studies of possible transmembrane signals have been initiated. Proteases have only recently begun to be used as tools for probing the induction of differentiation, but at least three cell line systems have been studied. Extracellular proteases such as thrombin may play physiologic roles in inducing mitogenesis in vivo as suggested by several laboratories. Although the amount of data bearing on the similar possibility of the induction of differentiation by extracellular proteases is negligible, it remains a possibility. For example, macrophages not only have surface-bound proteases (6), but also release proteases (261, 308) as well as cytokines. Any of these agents, individually or in combination, may play a role in inducing erythroid differentiation in vivo and may provide a raison d'etre for the "blood islands" consisting of erythroblasts surrounding a "nurse" macrophage which are so frequently seen in bone marrow.
Distributed User Interface Elements to support Smart Interaction Spaces (2006)

In this paper we show how an interactive system can be distributed among several peer devices. By taking advantage of the current trend towards ambient intelligent environments, we can make use of a combination of computing resources in the surrounding of the user to function as one logical interactive system; an interaction space. Our approach relies on the fact that nowadays most computing resources are network enabled and publish their device profile using some special purpose protocol. For this reason, federations of devices that support the tasks of the user can be composed automatically according to the requirements of these tasks. This distribution of the user interface over a federation of devices can be local or nonlocal. It raises the opportunity for supporting collaborative tasks with the same user interface with little or no extra effort from the user interface designer. Future tools supporting the design, creation and deployment of distributed interactive systems using device federations should maintain usability and usefulness of a dynamic distributed system. We use two different metrics to cope with these problems: interface completeness and interface continuity.
GATA2 Is Associated with Familial Early-Onset Coronary Artery Disease (2006)

The transcription factor GATA2 plays an essential role in the establishment and maintenance of adult hematopoiesis. It is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells, as well as the cells that make up the aortic vasculature, namely aortic endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. We have shown that GATA2 expression is predictive of location within the thoracic aorta; location is suggested to be a surrogate for disease susceptibility. The GATA2 gene maps beneath the Chromosome 3q linkage peak from our family-based sample set (GENECARD) study of early-onset coronary artery disease. Given these observations, we investigated the relationship of several known and novel polymorphisms within GATA2 to coronary artery disease. We identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms that were significantly associated with early-onset coronary artery disease in GENECARD. These results were validated by identifying significant association of two of these single nucleotide polymorphisms in an independent case-control sample set that was phenotypically similar to the GENECARD families. These observations identify GATA2 as a novel susceptibility gene for coronary artery disease and suggest that the study of this transcription factor and its downstream targets may uncover a regulatory network important for coronary artery disease inheritance.
Dipeptide uptake by adenohypophysial folliculostellate cells (1996)

Dipeptide uptake was studied in primary cultures from rat anterior pituitaries by use of radiolabeled carnosine and the fluorescent dipeptide derivative beta-Ala-Lys-N epsilon-AMCA (AMCA is 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid). Fluorescence microscopic studies revealed that the reporter peptide specifically accumulated in the S-100 positive folliculostellate cells that do not produce any known hormone. The dipeptide derivative was taken up in unmetabolized form by an energy-dependent saturable process with apparent kinetic constants as follows: Michaelis constant, 19 microM; maximum velocity, 5.5 nmol.mg protein-1.h-1. This high-affinity transporter was strongly affected by inhibitors of sodium/proton exchangers and thus appeared to be driven by a proton gradient. Competition studies revealed that the peptide transporter exhibits broad substrate specificity with a preference for hydrophobic dipeptides. In contrast to free amino acids and the pseudotetrapeptide amastatin, tripeptides were also accepted. Compounds without an alpha- and beta-amino group, such as captopril, thiorphan, and benzylpenicillin, did not affect uptake of the reporter peptide, although they were substrates of the well-characterized intestinal and renal dipeptide transporters.
Evaluation of the Solid State Dipole Moment and Pyroelectric Coefficient of Phosphangulene by Multipolar Modeling of X-ray Structure Factors (2000)

The electron density distribution of the molecular pyroelectric material phosphangulene has been studied by multipolar modeling of X-ray diffraction data. The "in-crystal" molecular dipole moment has been evaluated to 4.7 D corresponding to a 42% dipole moment enhancement compared with the dipole moment measured in a chloroform solution. It is substantiated that the estimated standard deviation of the dipole moment is about 0.8 D. The standard uncertainty (s.u.) of the derived dipole moment has been derived by splitting the dataset into three independent data-sets. A novel method for obtaining pyroelectric coefficients has been introduced by combining the derived dipole moment with temperature-dependent measurements of the unit cell volume. The derived pyroelectric coefficient of 3.8(7) x 10-6 Cm 2K-1 is in very good agreement with the measured pyroelectric coefficient of p = 3 +/- 1 x 10-6 Cm-2 K-1. This method for obtaining the pyroelectric coefficient uses information from the X-ray diffraction experiment alone and can be applied to much smaller crystals than traditional methods.
Statistical Load Forecasting Using Optimal Quantile Regression Random Forest and Risk Assessment Index (2020)

To support daily operation of smart grid, the stochastic load behavior is analyzed by a day-ahead prediction interval (PI) which is built from predictor's probability density function, computed in statistical mean-variance, and achieves a symmetrical PI. However, this approach lacks for intended risk information on the predictors' uncertainty, e.g., weather condition and load variation. This article proposes a novel statistical load forecasting (SLF) using quantile regression random forest (QRRF), probability map, and risk assessment index (RAI) to obtain the actual pictorial of the outcome risk of load demand profile. To know the actual load condition, the proposed SLF is built considering accurate point forecasting results, and the QRRF establishes the PI from various quantiles. To correlate the uncertainty of external factors to the actual load, the probability map computes the most probable quantile happening in the training horizon. Based on the current inputs, the RAI calculates the PI's intended risk. The proposed SLF is verified by Independent System Operator-New England data, compared to benchmark algorithms and Winkler score. The results show that the proposed method can model a more precise load PI along with the risk evaluation, as compared to results of the existing benchmark models.
An Abridged History (1981)

Other| October 01 1981 An Abridged History Before Photography: Painting and the Invention of Photography at the Museum of Modern Art, New York May 9-July 5and at the Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Neb., through Nov. 8; the Frederick Wright Art Gallery, University of California, Los Angeles, Jan. 4-Feb. 21, 1982; and the Art Institute of Chicago, March 15-May 9, 1982Catalogue of the same title, edited by Peter Galassi (152 pp.; $22.50, hb; $12.50, sb), distributed by the New York Graphic Society Edward W. Earle Edward W. Earle Edward W. Earle is the librarian of the Photographic Resource Center, Boston, Mass, and the editor of Points of View:The Stereograph in America–A Cultural History. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afterimage (1981) 9 (3): 6–7. https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.1981.9.3.6 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Edward W. Earle; An Abridged History. Afterimage 1 October 1981; 9 (3): 6–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.1981.9.3.6 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAfterimage Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1981 by The Regents of the University of California1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
TRIMETHOPRIM, A SULPHONAMIDE POTENTIATOR (1968)

The sulphonamides maintain a considerable place, relatively constant in scope, in the armamentarium of agents useful in bacterial infections (Jukes & Broquist, 1963; Zbinden, 1964). The possibility has existed for some years that their effectiveness might be extended through their conjoint use with inhibitors of bacterial dihydrofolate reductases. This could be shown, in vitro, in diverse microbial growth systems (Hitchings, 1961;
Gain stabilization of SiPMs (2016)

The gain G of SiPMs depends both on bias voltage and on temperature. For stable operation in large detector systems, gain needs to be kept constant. This can be achieved by readjusting the bias voltage with temperature. We have built an adaptive bias voltage regulator (ADApower) that uses a linear algorithm to adjust the bias voltage V if the temperature T changes. We determined the V(T) dependence from measurements of the gain-versus-temperature dependence (dG/dT) for different bias voltage and the gain-versus-bias-voltage dependence (dG/dV) for different temperatures in a climate chamber SpiraB at CERN. We tested and studied 30 pieces of SiPM in groups of six types in temperature range of 5 to 40° C and found that the gain stabilization works excellently (<1%).
A theory for the estimation of SNR degradation caused by clock jitter in MRI systems (2007)

Abstract Recent advances in high‐speed acquisition of MR signals demand higher levels of performance from RF receiver chain. High‐performance ADCs require a highly stable clock in terms of short‐term changes defined by the jitter specification. In this note, we propose a theory for the estimation of clock jitter influence on the final image SNR. In particular, starting from a typical RF receiver chain design specification, which is required to obtain the desired SNR, we analyze the influence of clock noise on the MR signal dynamic. The entire offset frequency range (0–10 MHz OFR) is split into two intervals according to different estimation methods. The obtained results show that, in our specific application, the jitter influence does not affect the final image SNR value. The presented methodology can be easily extended to every MR application thanks to its high flexibility; in fact, the implemented concepts allow choosing, in each case, the optimal oscillator with the desired clock jitter, or quantifying the system performance degradation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 31B: 60–64, 2007