gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Cyclic 3',5'-Adenosine Monophosphate by the Activation of Skeletal Muscle Protein Kinase (1971)

Abstract Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate can be measured directly in crude tissue extracts by its stimulation of the rate of phosphorylation of casein catalyzed by skeletal muscle protein kinase. The reaction is carried out in the presence of tissue extract, which had been treated with and freed of trichloracetic acid, γ-32P-ATP-Mg2+, purified casein, and partly purified rabbit muscle protein kinase. The phosphorylated casein is isolated on filter paper discs. Cyclic AMP can be measured in 5 mg of tissue in the amount of 5 x 10-13 moles. Forty extracts can be assayed in 5 hours. Reproducibility of measurements made on heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and fat pad from several mammalian species varied ±5%. The validity of the assay is shown by measurements at various tissue dilutions, by the effect of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase treatment, by recovery of cyclic AMP added to tissue extracts, and by increases in tissue cyclic AMP concentrations in response to the administration of glucagon and catecholamines. Other nucleotides, including cyclic GMP, in concentrations similar to or larger than those found in the tissues we have investigated, do not interfere with the measurement of cyclic AMP. The procedure is also applicable to the measurement of adenyl cyclase activity without separation of the cyclic AMP produced.
ON THE RECOVERY OF TRANSCRIPTION AFTER INHIBITION BY ACTINOMYCIN D (1972)

After pulse exposure to concentrations of actinomycin D (AMD) sufficient to abolish transcription, Vero cells recover RNA synthesis much more rapidly than most other cell types. This is only in part attributable to the remarkable capacity of Vero very promptly to excrete bound AMD, elimination of which, although necessary, is not a sufficient condition for resurgence of RNA synthesis. After elimination of higher concentrations of AMD from Vero, although over-all RNA synthesis resumes a normal rate within 24 hr, protein synthesis lags, and a long period of division-delay ensues. Division-delay lasting 2-3 days results from exposure of Vero to doses of AMD greater than those that suppress RNA synthesis by greater than 90% (e.g. 1 microg/ml for 2 hr) but not by lower doses, which permit almost immediate reentry into the cell cycle. In contrast, although L cells recover over-all RNA synthesis very slowly after pulse treatment with AMD, resumption of protein synthesis or cell division is not comparably delayed thereafter. These and other data suggest that the early restoration of RNA synthesis in Vero after relief of inhibition by AMD is qualitatively imperfect. The results reported herein are explainable by the hypothesis that the synthesis of those species of RNA which are involved, directly or indirectly, in reactivating the transcription of genes controlling progression in the cell cycle is relatively resistant to suppression by AMD. Decay of such RNA templates and their products, which differs in different cell types during inhibition by AMD, determines the duration of division-delay.
A 300 MHz 115 W 32 b bipolar ECL microprocessor with on-chip caches (1993)

A full-custom 32-b ECL (emitter coupled logic) microprocessor which uses a 1.0- mu m-drawn single-poly technology with four layers of aluminum and one layer of gold interconnect is described. The 15.4-mm*12.6-mm die contains 468-k bipolar transistors (f/sub t/=13 GHz) and 206-k resistors. The chip implements a subset of an existing RISC (reduced instruction set computer) architecture. The machine has five pipeline stages, each one clock cycle long. A 128-b bus is used for incoming data; a 64-b bus is used for outgoing data. The chip uses a single-phase differential clock. The clock distribution network consists of three levels of H-trees. The 2-kB instruction and data caches use a 16-B line, contain byte parity, and are direct-mapped. The chip contains 30 internal master bias circuits, whose outputs are wire-ORed together. The logic portions of the chip primarily use a single-ended 575-mV swing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On‐line competitive immunoassay based on capillary electrophoresis applied to monitoring insulin secretion from single islets of Langerhans (1998)

An automated on-line competitive immunoassay based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) was utilized to monitor secretion of insulin from single islets of Langerhans stimulated by glucose and tolbutamide. In the instrument, fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled insulin (FITC-insulin), monoclonal anti-insulin and perifusate of single islets were mixed on-line while islets were exposed to different levels of glucose and tolbutamide. Insulin released from single islets competed with FITC-insulin for antibody binding sites. Therefore, the amounts of bound and free FITC-insulin were modulated by insulin released from islets. The bound and the free FITC-insulin were separated by CE every 3 s and the bound over free ratio (B/F) was measured. Insulin levels were obtained by comparing B/F with calibration curves obtained under the same conditions except that the islet perfusate was replaced with various concentrations of insulin. Patterns of insulin secretion stimulated by glucose and tolbutamide observed were comparable to what has been seen previously using radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunoassay. This on-line competitive immunoassay system provided a fast and direct way to measure insulin release from single islets. The effects of temperature on antibody-antigen reaction rate and binding equilibrium were also studied.
Electrically Driven Microengineered Bioinspired Soft Robots (2018)

To create life-like movements, living muscle actuator technologies have borrowed inspiration from biomimetic concepts in developing bioinspired robots. Here, the development of a bioinspired soft robotics system, with integrated self-actuating cardiac muscles on a hierarchically structured scaffold with flexible gold microelectrodes is reported. Inspired by the movement of living organisms, a batoid-fish-shaped substrate is designed and reported, which is composed of two micropatterned hydrogel layers. The first layer is a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel substrate, which provides a mechanically stable structure for the robot, followed by a layer of gelatin methacryloyl embedded with carbon nanotubes, which serves as a cell culture substrate, to create the actuation component for the soft body robot. In addition, flexible Au microelectrodes are embedded into the biomimetic scaffold, which not only enhance the mechanical integrity of the device, but also increase its electrical conductivity. After culturing and maturation of cardiomyocytes on the biomimetic scaffold, they show excellent myofiber organization and provide self-actuating motions aligned with the direction of the contractile force of the cells. The Au microelectrodes placed below the cell layer further provide localized electrical stimulation and control of the beating behavior of the bioinspired soft robot.
Azetidinone antibiotics. 22. A rearrangement of oxoazetidinesulfenic acids to haloazetidinones (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzetidinone antibiotics. 22. A rearrangement of oxoazetidinesulfenic acids to haloazetidinonesWayne A. Spitzer, Theodore Goodson, Steven R. Lammert, and Stjepan KukoljaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 17, 3568–3570Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00330a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00330a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Skp2 and Jab1 Expression Are Associated with Inverse Expression of p27<sup>KIP1</sup> and Poor Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (2003)

Previous studies have shown that low levels of p27(KIP1), an inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), are associated with high aggressiveness and poor prognosis in a variety of cancers. Decreased levels of p27(KIP1) are caused, at least in part, by an acceleration of degradation with Skp2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) and Jab1 (Jun activation domain-binding protein 1). This investigation was undertaken to examine whether the Skp2 and Jab1 expression is correlated with p27(KIP1) protein levels, and how it is clinically relevant in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The correlations between p27(KIP1) and Skp2, and p27(KIP1) and Jab1 expression were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis was done in 75 cases of OSCC. A strongly significant inverse correlation was found between levels of p27(KIP1) and Skp2, and p27(KIP1) and Jab1 (p < 0.0001). Thus, decreased levels of p27(KIP1) were associated with strongly increased levels of Skp2 and Jab1, whereas high levels of p27(KIP1) coincided with low levels of Skp2 and Jab1. Reductions of p27(KIP1) expression and overexpression of Skp2 and Jab1 were significantly associated with cervical lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. Overexpression of Skp2 and Jab1 is associated with the reduction of p27(KIP1) expression, and may have a role in the progression of OSCC.
A concealment method for video communications in an error-prone environment (2000)

In this paper, we propose a two-stage error-concealment method for block-based compressed video which was transmitted in an error-prone environment. In the first stage, we obtain initial estimates of the missing blocks. If the motion vectors associated with the missing blocks are available, motion compensation is used to provide good estimates. Otherwise, a novel algorithm which preserves image continuity is used to estimate the blocks. In the second stage, a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator, which employs an adaptive Markov random field (MRF) as the image a priori model is used to improve the video reconstruction quality. The adaptive model enables the estimation to incorporate information embedded not only in the immediate neighborhood pixels but also in a wider neighborhood into the reconstruction procedure without increasing the order of the MRF model. The proposed concealment method achieves very good computation-performance tradeoffs, as demonstrated via experimental results.
The control of a prosthetic arm by EMG pattern recognition (1984)

An electromyographic (EMG) signal pattern recognition system is constructed for real-time control of a prosthetic arm through precise identification of motion and speed command. A probabilistic model of the EMG patterns is first formulated in the feature space of integral absolute value (IAV) to describe the relation between a command, represented by motion and speed variables, and location and shape of the corresponding pattern. The model provides the sample probability density function of pattern classes in the decision space of variance and zero crossings based on the relations between IAV, variance, and zero crossings established in this paper. Pattern classification is carried out through a multiclass sequential decision procedure designed with an emphasis on computational simplicity. The upper bound of probability of error and the average number of sample observations are investigated. Speed and motion predictions are used in conjunction with the decision procedure to enhance decision speed and reliability. A decomposition rule is formulated for the direct assignment of speed to each primitive motion involved in a combined motion. A learning procedure is also designed for the decision processor to adapt long-term pattern variation. Experimental results are discussed in the Appendix.
Synchronous Capacitor-Clamped GaN Electrostatic Energy-Harvesting Power Stage (2018)

This paper presents a proposed power stage for an electrostatic energy harvester that uses Gallium Nitride transistors. It provides a review of various energy-harvesting sources, electrostatic energy harvesting, and previous research. It has been well demonstrated that the higher the harvesting voltage the greater the amount of energy harvested from the environment. The simulations show that the proposed circuit can increase the energy harvested per cycle by an order of magnitude, up to 220 nJ/cycle.
Arabidopsis Mutants Lacking the 43- and 54-Kilodalton Subunits of the Chloroplast Signal Recognition Particle Have Distinct Phenotypes (1999)

The chloroplast signal recognition particle (cpSRP) is a protein complex consisting of 54- and 43-kD subunits encoded by the fifty-four chloroplast, which encodes cpSRP54 (ffc), and chaos (cao) loci, respectively. Two new null alleles in the ffc locus have been identified. ffc1-1 is caused by a stop codon in exon 10, while ffc1-2 has a large DNA insertion in intron 8. ffc mutants have yellow first true leaves that subsequently become green. The reaction center proteins D1, D2, and psaA/B, as well as seven different light-harvesting chlorophyll proteins (LHCPs), were found at reduced levels in the young ffc leaves but at wild-type levels in the older leaves. The abundance of the two types of LHCP was unaffected by the mutation, while two others were increased in the absence of cpSRP54. Null mutants in the cao locus contain reduced levels of the same subset of LHCP proteins as ffc mutants, but are distinguishable in four ways: young leaves are greener, the chlorophyll a/b ratio is elevated, levels of reaction center proteins are normal, and there is no recovery in the level of LHCPs in the adult plant. The data suggest that cpSRP54 and cpSRP43 have some nonoverlapping roles and that alternative transport pathways can compensate for the absence of a functional cpSRP.
Clarithromycin for experimental Staphylococcus aureus keratitis (1999)

Clarithromycin proved to be an effective ocular medication for the therapy of experimental S. aureus keratitis. The effectiveness of clarithromycin in this model and its known effectiveness for a variety of bacterial pathogens suggests a role for this drug as a useful ocular antibiotic.
EXPERIMENTAL CHEMOTHERAPY OF FILARIASIS. IV. THE PREPARATION OF DERIVATIVES OF PIPERAZINE<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEXPERIMENTAL CHEMOTHERAPY OF FILARIASIS. IV. THE PREPARATION OF DERIVATIVES OF PIPERAZINE1H. W. STEWART, R. J. TURNER, J. J. DENTON, S. KUSHNER, L. M. BRANCONE, W. L. McEWEN, R. I. HEWITT, and Y. SUBBAROWCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1948, 13, 1, 134–143Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1948https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01159a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views845Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (645 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Pro-inflammatory role of serotonin and interleukin-6 in arthritis and spondyloarthropathies - measurement of disease activity by bone scan and effect of steroids (2002)

Objective: As serotonin is a mediator of inflammatory joint disease, serum levels were investigated in human patients with arthritis for a possible corresponding role as a disease marker. Design: 48 patients were evaluated by bone scan for disease activity. 5-HT and CRP were measured in the whole group, and IL-6 in those not yet receiving corticosteroids. The pro-inflammatory parameters were compared to each other and to scintigraphic features. Results: The serum levels of serotonin did not correspond to disease activity measured by CRP, IL-6 or activity on joints in skeletal scintigraphy. No difference was seen in comparison to the values of a control group, but when glucocorticoid treatment was included, low 5-HT serum values were observed. A significant correlation between CRP and IL-6 as indicators of inflammation and bone scan results versus CRP could be shown. Conclusion: The measurement of serum serotonin provides no relevant information about disease activity in synovial inflammation. For monitoring osteoarthritis and synovial inflammation, bone scan and laboratory determination of CRP and IL-6 together appear to present useful information about infestation in the disease process.
Neutrophils and macrophages accumulate sequentially following Achilles tendon injury (2001)

Structural damage and inflammation occur following tendon injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the time course of inflammatory cell accumulation in two animal models of acute tendinopathy. In the first model, rat Achilles tendons were exposed by blunt dissection, injected with collagenase and sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. In the second model, collagenase was injected percutaneously and rats were sacrificed after 1 and 3 days. Sham animals were sacrificed at 1 and 3 days in both models. Neutrophil and ED1 macrophage populations increased by 46- and 18-fold, respectively, after 1 day in surgically exposed Achilles tendons (EAT) injected with collagenase. Neutrophils dropped by 70% while the concentration of ED1 macrophages remained constant at day 3 post-injury. Neutrophils and ED1+ macrophages returned to control values after 7 and 14 days, respectively. ED2+ macrophages showed a tendency to increase at day 28 although no significant difference was observed relative to ambulatory controls. Collagenase injected percutaneously reduced the extent of inflammation compared with operated animals. Thus, injured tendons exhibited a specific sequence of inflammatory cell accumulation which varied in intensity according to the modality used for collagenase injection.
A time series study of anti-diarrheal drug sales and tap-water quality (1999)

The City of Le Havre in France operates two water treatment plants and distributes water to 200,000 people. It exploits, as the source of its drinking water, karstic resources that are subjected to episodical microbiological quality degradations. The first plant only chlorinates the water, whereas the second plant normally uses direct sand filtration before chlorination but can also implement coagulation-settling when turbidity of the raw water exceeds 3 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). During the study period there were several occurrences of failure to maintain residual chlorine as well as significant turbidity increases. The treated water still met all microbiological criteria for potable water in France and this study was undertaken to determine if public health was adequately protected. An ecological time series study was carried out on data collected between April 1993 and September 1996. The record of the sales of medications prescribed or self-selected for the treatment of gastroenteritis (GE) were provided by the pharmacists participating in the epidemiological surveillance network of Le Havre. Sales data, residual chlorine and turbidity measurements were analyzed. Interruption of chlorination of the unfiltered water resulted in a significant increase of medication sales 3 to 8 days later. Raw water turbidity increases resulted in increases of medication sales during the 3 following weeks. The data analyzed suggest that about 10% of the annual cases of gastrointestinal illnesses could be due to the consumption of tap water. This annual average does not reflect the proportional attributable risk occurring during specific periods and underscores the fact that current regulations still do not provide complete protection of public health. Furthermore, such failures have the potential of causing major GE outbreaks if raw water microbiological quality degrades significantly after rainfall events. Keywords: Time Series StudyGastroenteritisMedication SalesTap-waterChlorinationTurbidity
Automated identification of pathways from quantitative genetic interaction data (2010)

High-throughput quantitative genetic interaction (GI) measurements provide detailed information regarding the structure of the underlying biological pathways by reporting on functional dependencies between genes. However, the analytical tools for fully exploiting such information lag behind the ability to collect these data. We present a novel Bayesian learning method that uses quantitative phenotypes of double knockout organisms to automatically reconstruct detailed pathway structures. We applied our method to a recent data set that measures GIs for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) genes, using the unfolded protein response as a quantitative phenotype. The results provided reconstructions of known functional pathways including N-linked glycosylation and ER-associated protein degradation. It also contained novel relationships, such as the placement of SGT2 in the tail-anchored biogenesis pathway, a finding that we experimentally validated. Our approach should be readily applicable to the next generation of quantitative GI data sets, as assays become available for additional phenotypes and eventually higher-level organisms.
Aqueous solutions at pressures up to 2 GPa: gas–gas equilibria, closed loops, high-pressure immiscibility, salt effects and related phenomena (2002)

It is the aim of the present article to review the immiscibility phenomena found in our experiments on aqueous solutions of organic substances up to 2 GPa. The pressure dependence of liquid–liquid phase equilibria of systems exhibiting upper and lower critical solution temperatures, the complicated phase behavior of closed loop systems under pressure and the influence of a third substance (mixed solvent, mixed solute, added salt) on mutual miscibility are considered. The thermodynamic conditions that hold for the critical phenomena found are summarized. The interference with gas–liquid critical phenomena is also briefly discussed from a phase-theoretical point of view, including the exhibition of gas–gas equilibria.
Magnetic behavior of lithographically patterned particle arrays (invited) (2002)

This article reviews recent progress in the fabrication, characterization, and analysis of large area arrays of sub-100-nm magnetic particles made by lithographic techniques. Particles are made by electrodeposition, evaporation and liftoff, or sputtering and etching, leading to a wide range of shapes, compositions, and microstructures. The remanent states, magnetic hysteresis, and uniformity of the particles and the interparticle interactions will be discussed.