gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyzing depictions of touch in early childhood textbooks (2008)

Early childhood contexts often enact 'common-sense identities' that create and sustain the notion that teachers of young children are expressly female and heterosexual. It has also been argued that touch is a key difference between men and women in early childhood classrooms. This exploratory study examined 10 early childhood textbooks to determine whether images depicting touch enacted these common-sense notions. To investigate whether implicit gendered messages existed within the texts, images displaying touch between teachers and children were grouped according to three main recurrent themes: teacher touching child, child touching teacher, and mutually negotiated contact
Studies on functional photonic crystal devices utilizing anisotropic medium properties by condensed node spatial network method (2005)

Photonic crystal (PC) devices have been drawing attention as the integrated optical circuits head toward the next generation. However, the fabrication of those devices is now very difficult because of their fine and complicated structure. In this paper, new functional photonic crystal devices utilizing uniaxial and gyro anisotropic medium properties are proposed and evaluated by numerical electromagnetic fields simulation based on the condensed node spatial network method (CN-SNM) for the vector potential. As the results, the improvement in sharp bend property of 2D air-hole type PC waveguide by uni-axial anisotropic substrate and the new PC switching element by gyro anisotropy are discussed.
(−)‐Epicatechin induces mitochondrial biogenesis and markers of muscle regeneration in adults with Becker muscular dystrophy (2020)

(-)-Epicatechin, an exercise mimetic, appears to have short-term positive effects on tissue biomarkers indicative of mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle regeneration, and produced improvements in graded exercise testing parameters in patients with BMD.
A Sketch on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling (2010)

Geometric Modeling is a widely studied area in computer graphics and methods for constructing 3D models with intuitive interfaces are a topic that has been attracting the interest of many researches. In contrast to the complicated interfaces of modeling softwares, created using the WIMP paradigm (Window, Icon, Menu, Pointer), several studies have shown applications with interfaces based on gestures, which are simpler and more natural. In this scenario, the area of Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling (SBIM) emerged. Sketch is a very efficient tool to convey the essence of an object with few strokes, because humans have the ability of inferring 3D models from 2D drawings. However, associating a sketch to a 3D model is not a computationally trivial task. In this paper we present a conceptualization of the area, highlighting opportunities, challenges and trends in SBIM.
Parametric generation of 1-ps pulses between 5 and 11 μm with a ZnGeP/sub 2/ crystal (1997)

We use a novel picosecond source (a seeded optical parametric amplifier tunable near 3 /spl mu/m) to pump a type-11 ZnGeP/sub 2/ traveling-wave optical parametric generator, With a rather simplified two-pass arrangement, the tunability of the driving Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier is extended continuously up to 11 /spl mu/m. As a result of the short pulse pumping and the pulse compression accompanying the parametric amplification, nearly bandwidth-limited pulses could be generated for the first time with this crystal. We report microjoule output energies with 20% quantum efficiency and unprecedentedly low (<100 MW/cm/sup 2/ for a crystal length of only 1 cm) parametric gain thresholds.
A study of compact, lightweight, high voltage inductors with partial magnetic cores (2005)

On occasions where the inductance of high voltage coils must be raised by utilizing ferromagnetic cores, it has been found that partial cores comprised of symmetrical arrangements of ferrite bars are more efficient in terms of inductance gain per weight of material than either full-flux path cores or solid-slug type cores. Proper placement of the core material, however, is essential to achieving maximum inductance gain. This paper will describe a series of experiments that were conducted to determine the optimum arrangement of distributed bar-type partial cores. Data from the various experiments will be presented.
Experimental Evaluation of an Industrial Application Layer Protocol Over Wireless Systems (2007)

Several recent studies have addressed the suitability of current wireless technologies for industrial communications which, frequently, are requested to cope with severe timing constraints. Most of the analysis that have lately appeared in the literature have focused on the performance offered by the lower layers of the communication stack. However, in order to obtain a complete picture, it is important to analyze how this gets coupled with the features of higher layer protocols typically employed by industrial communication applications. In this paper, we investigate the performance obtained by an application layer protocol, derived from those currently employed by wired fieldbuses, running over COTS devices based on two popular wireless communication standards, namely, IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11. In particular, we present a mapping of the application service elements onto the services offered by the mentioned wireless systems and discuss some possible design choices. A prototype of the application layer protocol is then implemented for each considered wireless technology and the performance figures evaluated by means of experimental measurements.
Composition and thermal profile of crude palm oil and its products (1999)

Abstract Gas‐liquid chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to determine fatty acids and triglyceride (TG) compositions of crude palm oil (CPO), refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) palm oil, RBD palm olein, and RBD palm stearin, while their thermal profiles were analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The HPLC chromatograms showed that the TG composition of CPO and RBD palm oil were quite similar. The results showed that CPO, RBD palm oil, RBD olein, and superolein consist mainly of monosaturated and disaturated TG while RBD palm stearin consists mainly of disaturated and trisaturated TG. In DSC cooling thermograms the peaks of triunsaturated, monosaturated and disaturated TG were found at the range of −48.62 to −60.36, −25.89 to −29.19, and −11.22 to −1.69°C, respectively, while trisaturated TG were found between 13.72 and 27.64°C. The heating thermograms of CPO indicated the presence of polymorphs β 2 ′, α, β 2 ′, and β 1 . The peak of CPO was found at 4.78°C. However, after refining, the peak shifted to 6.25°C and became smaller but more apparent as indicated by RBD palm oil thermograms. The heating and cooling thermograms of the RBD palm stearin were characterized by a sharp, high‐melting point (high‐T) peak temperature and a short and wide low‐melting point (low‐T) peak temperature, indicating the presence of occluded olein. However, for RBD palm olein, there was only an exothermic low‐T peak temperature. The DSC thermograms expressed the thermal behavior of various palm oil and its products quite well, and the profiles can be used as guidelines for fractionation of CPO or RBD palm oil.
Alterations by a defect in a rice G protein <i>α</i> subunit in probenazole and pathogen‐induced responses (2004)

ABSTRACT The rice dwarf1 ( d1 ) mutant, which is deficient in an α subunit (G α ) of heterotrimeric G protein, was used to obtain specific evidence on the functions of G α protein in defence signalling in rice. Using proteome analysis, a probenazole‐inducible protein (PBZ1) was detected in the cytosolic fraction of leaf blade of the wild type, but not the d1 mutant. After treatment with probenazol, PBZ1 reached maximal levels at 72 h in the wild type but 96 h in the d1 mutant. The induction of PBZ1 by probenazole treatment was inhibited by protein kinase inhibitors. A 48‐kDa putative mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and a 55‐kDa putative Ca 2+ ‐dependent protein kinase (CDPK) showed lower activities in the cytosolic fraction of the d1 mutant than that of the wild type. The activities of these protein kinases were enhanced at 24 h in the wild type and 48 h in the d1 mutant after probenazole treatment. Although the d1 mutant responded to the rice blast fungus similarly to the wild type, the d1 mutant developed rice blight symptoms earlier than the wild type when infected with Xoo . In addition, the blight symptoms were more severe on the mutant than on the wild type, and wilting was frequently observed in the d1 mutant. Furthermore, induction by the bacterial infection of the 48‐kDa putative MAPK and PBZ1 was delayed by 2 and 4 d, respectively, in the d1 mutant compared with the wild type. These results indicate that the G α protein plays a role in the induction of PBZ1 and protein kinases by probenazole and Xoo , and suggest that the 48‐kDa putative MAPK may be involved in a signalling pathway for resistance to bacterial infection.
Probing the Self-Assembly Mechanism of Diphenylalanine-Based Peptide Nanovesicles and Nanotubes (2012)

Nanostructures, particularly those from peptide self-assemblies, have attracted great attention lately due to their potential applications in nanotemplating and nanotechnology. Recent experimental studies reported that diphenylalanine-based peptides can self-assemble into highly ordered nanostructures such as nanovesicles and nanotubes. However, the molecular mechanism of the self-organization of such well-defined nanoarchitectures remains elusive. In this study, we investigate the assembly pathway of 600 diphenylalanine (FF) peptides at different peptide concentrations by performing extensive coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on forty 0.6-1.8 μs trajectories at 310 K starting from random configurations, we find that FF dipeptides not only spontaneously assemble into spherical vesicles and nanotubes, consistent with previous experiments, but also form new ordered nanoarchitectures, namely, planar bilayers and a rich variety of other shapes of vesicle-like structures including toroid, ellipsoid, discoid, and pot-shaped vesicles. The assembly pathways are concentration-dependent. At low peptide concentrations, the self-assembly involves the fusion of small vesicles and bilayers, whereas at high concentrations, it occurs through the formation of a bilayer first, followed by the bending and closure of the bilayer. Energetic analysis suggests that the formation of different nanostructures is a result of the delicate balance between peptide-peptide and peptide-water interactions. Our all-atom MD simulation shows that FF nanostructures are stabilized by a combination of T-shaped aromatic stacking, interpeptide head-to-tail hydrogen-bonding, and peptide-water hydrogen-bonding interactions. This study provides, for the first time to our knowledge, the self-assembly mechanism and the molecular organization of FF dipeptide nanostructures.
Performance Investigation of Distributed STBC-OFDM System with Multiple Carrier Frequency Offsets (2006)

In the distributed space time block coded (DSTBC) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system (DSTBC-OFDM), since the transmit antennas belong to different nodes that are distributed, there may exist multiple carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) to the transmitters at the receiver. Several kinds of equalization techniques, which intend to mitigate the intercarrier interference (ICI) when detecting symbols, are compared in terms of the BER performance. And an equalization method based on iterative ICI cancellation is proposed. Simulation results show that when the difference of normalized CFOs (with respect to the subcarrier spacing) between distributed transmitters is not more than 0.2, the proposed iterative ICI cancellation method could combat ICI effectively at very low computational cost. However, in case of large difference of normalized CFOs, i.e., 0.4, the frequency offsets could cancel the space diversity gain of distributed STBC totally even when ideal ICI cancellation is assumed, and the performance is close to that of OFDM system using single transmit antenna without space time block coding
A high-current and high-temperature 6H-SiC thyristor (1996)

A 6H-SiC thyristor has been fabricated and characterized. A forward breakover voltage close to 100 V and a pulse switched current density of 5200 A/cm/sup 2/ have been demonstrated. The thyristor is shown to operate under pulse gate triggering for turn-on and turn-off, with a rise time of 43 ns and a fall time of less than 100 ns. The forward breakover voltage is found to decrease by only 4% when the operating temperature is increased from room temperature to 300/spl deg/C. It is found that anode ohmic contact resistance dominates the device forward drop at high current densities.
Trajectory planning of space robot system for reorientation after capturing target (2008)

A typical servicing operation in space mainly includes three phases: capturing the target, re-orientating of the whole system with the target, and repairing the target. The attitude of a satellite usually changes after the capturing, because the control system is turned off during this phase for safety reasons. In this paper, a method is proposed to achieve re-orientating the space robot system, planning the manipulator configuration and spacecraft orientation at the same time. Firstly, angular momentum preloaded in the manipulator will provide a favorable condition for the capturing and reorientation after capturing, so the manipulator moves with some initial velocity after capturing. The constraints on the manipulator and the objective function are defined according to the planning problem. Then the joint trajectory is parameterized by sinusoidal function, whose argument is the polynomial. Finally, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to search for the global optimal resolution of the parameters. When the parameters are found, each joint trajectory can be determined. This planned trajectory is smooth and more applicable for the control of the free-floating robotic system.
Striatal Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability in Parkinson'S Disease (2015)

In vivo studies have shown that blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is involved in the course of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, these have lacked either anatomic definition or the ability to recognize minute changes in BBB integrity. Here, using histologic markers of serum protein, iron, and erythrocyte extravasation, we have shown significantly increased permeability of the BBB in the postcommissural putamen of PD patients. The dense innervation of the striatum by PD-affected regions allows for exploitation of this permeability for therapeutic goals. These results are also discussed in the context of the retrograde trans-synaptic hypothesis of PD spread.
A Semi-Analytical Solution for Responses of the Surface of an Elastic Half-Space Subjected to Vertical, Harmonic, Concentrated Forces (2000)

Abstract The dynamic response of a soil medium surface subjected to a vertical, harmonic, concentrated force is investigated. The half-space soil medium is considered to be elastic, isotropic and homogeneous. The expression of surface displacement is given analytically through a double Fourier transformation, integrals and Rayleigh functions. For numerical results of the surface response, the Modified Gaussian quadrature method is used. The in-phase and quadrature components of the displacements for any position on the surface of the unloaded half-space are illustrated for the Poisson’s ratio of 0.25 as a sample problem.
Beetroot juice and exercise performance (2013)

Abstract: Increased sales and consumption of organic and natural foods reflect consumers heightened interest in promoting health and improving athletic performance. Of these products, beetroot and its constituents have become increasingly popular in the arena of exercise performance, mainly due to the high concentrations of nitrate. Studies have indicated beetroot juice (BRJ) may improve exercise time to exhaustion, running performance, and increase muscular efficiency during moderate intensity exercise. The purpose of this review is to examine the efficacy of BRJ to serve as an ergogenic aid in athletic performance. It appears that BRJ may provide modest performance enhancement; however, more research is needed to clearly identify mechanisms of action and proper dosing patterns to maximize the performance benefits of BRJ. Keywords: beetroot, nitrate, betaine, sports nutrition
Abortion Once Again: a response to Feser, Goodwin, Mosquito, Sadowsky, Vance and Watkins (2017)

Only a libertarian would think to base an analysis of the abortion controversy on private property rights. The present paper does just that. On that basis, it concludes that evictionism is the only policy compatible with libertarianism. This essay then uses this analysis to criticize the views on this subject of five scholars associated with this political philosophy: Feser, Goodwin, Mosquito, Sadowsky, Vance and Watkins.
Tendon sheath analysis for estimation of distal end force and elongation for sensorless distal end (2010)

SUMMARY Tendon sheath actuation is found in many applications, particularly in robotic hands and surgical robots. Due to the friction between the tendon and sheath, many undesirable characteristic such as backlash, hysteresis and non-linearity are present. It is desirable to know the end-effector force and elongation of the tendon to control the system effectively, but it is not always feasible to fix sensors at the end effector. A method to estimate the end-effector parameters using only a force and position sensor at the proximal site is given. An analytical study is presented and experiments are reported to support the result, showing a maximum full-scale error of approximately 7%. This result is achieved if the shape of the sheath remains the same and buckling is negligible. The results presented in this study could contribute towards haptic development in robotics surgery.
Internal Dielectric Transduction of a 4.5 GHz Silicon Bar Resonator (2007)

This paper presents experimental verification of frequency scaling in an internal dielectric transduced resonator. A silicon bar resonator is excited in its 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> and 9 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> longitudinal harmonic modes at 1.53 and 4.51 GHz, respectively. The resonator demonstrates a 2 dB improvement in transduction efficiency in its 9 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> harmonic relative to its 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic, normalized to the quality Q of the resonance. This result is in close agreement with theory, promising low- impedance transduction of silicon bulk acoustic resonators at frequencies exceeding 10 GHz.
The Role of Bacterial Biofilms in Device-Associated Infection (2013)

There is increasing evidence that bacterial biofilm is responsible for the failure of medical devices, leading to device-associated infection. As plastic surgeons, we are among the leading users of prostheses in surgery, and it is important that we are kept informed of this growing problem. This article summarizes the pathogenesis of device-associated infection, outlines the evidence for such infection in a number of medical devices, and outlines operative strategies aimed at reducing the risk of bacterial contamination at the time of device deployment. It also outlines strategies under investigation to combat the development of device-associated infection.
Impact of level of vitamin D in the body on the severity of COVID-19 – review of the literature (2021)

Maintaining an adequate level of vitamin D has a positive effect on the functioning of the immune system. At the moment, there is insufficient evidence to establish a clear relationship between vitamin D levels and the severity of COVID-19. It is necessary to conduct further research on a larger study group. The literature does not mention the use of vitamin D as a medication for COVID-19. People at risk of vitamin D deficiency should consider vitamin D supplementation at the current time of the pandemic.
Iridium-Based Multimetallic Nanoframe@Nanoframe Structure: An Efficient and Robust Electrocatalyst toward Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2017)

Nanoframe electrocatalysts have attracted great interest due to their inherently high active surface area per a given mass. Although recent progress has enabled the preparation of single nanoframe structures with a variety of morphologies, more complex nanoframe structures such as a double-layered nanoframe have not yet been realized. Herein, we report a rational synthetic strategy for a structurally robust Ir-based multimetallic double-layered nanoframe (DNF) structure, nanoframe@nanoframe. By leveraging the differing kinetics of dual Ir precursors and dual transition metal (Ni and Cu) precursors, a core-shell-type alloy@alloy structure could be generated in a simple one-step synthesis, which was subsequently transformed into a multimetallic IrNiCu DNF with a rhombic dodecahedral morphology via selective etching. The use of single Ir precursor yielded single nanoframe structures, highlighting the importance of employing dual Ir precursors. In addition, the structure of Ir-based nanocrystals could be further controlled to DNF with octahedral morphology and CuNi@Ir core-shell structures via a simple tuning of experimental factors. The IrNiCu DNF exhibited high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media, which is better than Ir/C catalyst. Furthermore, IrNiCu DNF demonstrated excellent durability for OER, which could be attributed to the frame structure that prevents the growth and agglomeration of particles as well as in situ formation of robust rutile IrO<sub>2</sub> phase during prolonged operation.
The Affair of the Necklace (Motion picture) (2002)

Here, we describe a new approach designed to monitor the proteolytic activity of maturing phagosomes in live antigen-presenting cells. We find that an ingested particle sequentially encounters distinct protease activities during phagosomal maturation. Incorporation of active proteases into the phagosome of the macrophage cell line J774 indicates that phagosome maturation involves progressive fusion with early and late endocytic compartments. In contrast, phagosome biogenesis in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages preferentially involves endocytic compartments enriched in cathepsin S. Kinetics of phagosomal maturation is faster in macrophages than in DCs. Furthermore, the delivery of active proteases to the phagosome is significantly reduced after the activation of DCs with lipopolysaccharide. This observation is in agreement with the notion that DCs prevent the premature destruction of antigenic determinants to optimize T cell activation. Phagosomal maturation is therefore a tightly regulated process that varies according to the type and differentiation stage of the phagocyte.