gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The SDF‐1‐CXCR4 Axis Stimulates VEGF Secretion and Activates Integrins but does not Affect Proliferation and Survival in Lymphohematopoietic Cells (2001)

To better define the role HIV-related chemokine receptor-chemokine axes play in human hematopoiesis, we investigated the function of the CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors in human myeloid, T- and B-lymphoid cell lines selected for the expression of these receptors (CXCR4(+), CXCR4(+) CCR5(+), and CCR5(+) cell lines). We evaluated the phosphorylation of MAPK p42/44, AKT, and STAT proteins and examined the ability of the ligands for these receptors (stromal-derived factor-1 [SDF-1] and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta [MIP-1beta]) to influence cell growth, apoptosis, adhesion, and production of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in these cell lines. We found that A) SDF-1, after binding to CXCR4, activates multiple signaling pathways and that in comparison with the MIP-1beta-CCR5 axis, plays a privileged role in hematopoiesis; B) SDF-1 activation of the MAPK p42/44 pathway and the PI-3K-AKT axis does not affect proliferation and apoptosis but modulates integrin-mediated adhesion to fibronectin, and C) SDF-1 induces secretion of VEGF, but not of MMPs or TIMPs. Thus the role of SDF-1 relates primarily to the interaction of lymphohematopoietic cells with their microenvironment and does not directly influence their proliferation or survival. We conclude that perturbation of the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis during HIV infection may affect interactions of hematopoietic cells with the hematopoietic microenvironment.
Formation of Metallic Nanostructures on Biomolecular Templates (1999)

The formation of metal clusters on biomolecular templates by deposition from aqueous solution has been studied. Three different biomolecules have been used: bacterial membrane proteins, microtubules of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells, and desoxyribonucleic acids. The metallization has been performed in a two-step process. First, platinum and palladium clusters have been grown. The morphology of the biomolecule is preserved when the metallization is carried out at physiological conditions, allowing the fabrication of 2D periodic arrays of metallic nanodots, and continuous chains of clusters. The deposition of platinum and palladium clusters has been applied to activate the template for a following catalytic deposition of nickel. Electrical and magnetic properties of these structures have been discussed.
[Re-exploration of minimally invasive surgery for infected pancreatic necrosis]. (2019)

The application of minimally invasive technique in infected pancreatic necrosis has been matured gradually but has controversy and challenges in the same time. This paper further discusses the advantages, timing, combination of multi-video-assisted debridement and post-operative management of minimally invasive surgery. The greatest advantage of minimally invasive surgery lies in "No intervention for normal abdominal space" which not only can reduce unnecessary injury and complication but also promote intestinal function recovery after operation. The principle of delayed operation is controversial. Early PCD and " one-step" minimally invasive laparoscopic debridement and drainage have both achieved good results. The combination of multi-video-assisted minimally invasive technique can make up for the shortage of single technique to shorten the operation time and improve the debridement efficiency of patients with complicated infected pancreatic necrosis and provide new ideas for video-assisted debridement. Fully debridement and drainage are the key points and standardization for post-operative management. It's a difficult problem and an important research direction to apply minimally invasive technique for patients with infected pancreatic necrosis reasonably and scientifically.
School-Plant Survey Technics (1948)

IT IS difficult to define as research, technics for determining school-plant needs, if research involves both development and testing of methods. Recommendations evolving from a school-plant survey are based upon long-range predictions and estimates of trends in population, enrolment, educational methods, practices in educational administration and organization, and in methods of financing education. Testing this accuracy of longrange predictions on any of these factors involves time far beyond the three-year cycle of the REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH. It is possible, however, to point out some new or improved technics for predicting or estimating fundamental data and conditions that may result in sounder recommendations for the expansion or improvement of school-plant facilities.
Availability analysis of transaction processing systems based on user-perceived performance (2002)

Transaction processing systems are judged by users to be correctly functioning not only if their transactions are executed correctly, but also if most of them are completed within an acceptable time limit. Therefore, we propose a definition of availability for systems for whom there is a notion of system failure due to frequent violation of response time constraints. We define the system to be available at a certain time if at that time the fraction of transactions meeting a deadline is above a certain user requirement. This definition lends to very different estimates of availability measures such as system downtimes as compared with more traditional measures. We conclude that for transaction processing systems, where the user's perception is important, our definition more correctly quantifies the availability of the system.
Desaturation of stearic acid by liver and adipose tissue from obese-hyperglycaemic mice (<i>ob/ob</i>) (1975)

Stearic acid desaturase activity was assayed in preparations from perigenital adipose tissue and liver from lean and genetically obese female mice (ob/ob). The total activity in the perigenital adipose tissue from obese mice was threefold greater than in the tissue from lean mice, but per g of adipose tissue the activity was twofold greater in tissue from lean mice. In liver, the activity in obese mice was elevated at 8 weeks of age, remained elevated up to 24 weeks and then decreased by half at 48 weeks, but at all ages was higher than that in lean mice. The decrease in desaturase activity of liver from obese mice at 48 weeks corresponded to a change in the fatty acid composition of liver lipids toward that found in lean mice. Whereas in adipose tissue much of the increased enzyme activity may be due to tissue hyperplasia, in liver it is mainly an increased activity per cell.
Rapid Screening Method for Osteoclast Differentiation in Vitro That Measures Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b Activity Secreted into the Culture Medium (2000)

The TRAP 5b immunoassay can be used to replace the laborious and time-consuming microscopic counting of osteoclasts in the osteoclast differentiation assay and to test the effects of potential therapeutic agents on osteoclast differentiation, enabling fast screening of large amounts of potential therapeutic agents.
VISUALIZATION OF CAVITATION IN HIGH-PRESSURE DIESEL FUEL INJECTOR ORIFICES (2006)

Modern diesel fuel injectors operate at pressures of up to ∼ 200 MPa. Cavitation of the liquid fuel inside of injector orifices has long been known to occur because of structural damage to the orifice walls. Yet few visualizations of this economically important flow exist. The first true-scale, true-pressure visualizations in tilted holes are presented and discussed. True-pressure and true-scale experiments are necessary as scaling of these unsteady, nonequilibrium cavitating flows is presently impossible. The extreme pressure and the small size of these unsteady two-phase internal flows present challenges for flow visualization. Nevertheless, successful experiment design and visualization of the unsteady two-phase flow inside of true-scale tilted diesel injector holes as small as 200 μm diameter and at pressures up to 220 MPa are presented.
Ras family genes: An interesting link between cell cycle and cancer (2002)

Ras genes are evolutionary conserved and codify for a monomeric G protein binding GTP (active form) or GDP (inactive form). The ras genes are ubiquitously expressed although mRNA analysis suggests different level expression in tissue. Mutations in each ras gene frequently were found in different tumors, suggesting their involvement in the development of specific neoplasia. These mutations lead to a constitutive active and potentially oncogenic protein that could cause a deregulation of cell cycle. Ras protein moderates cellular responses at several mitogens and/or differentiation factors and at external stimuli. These stimuli activate a series of signal transduction pathways that either can be independent or interconnected at different points. Recent observations begin to clarify the complex relationship between Ras activation, apoptosis, and cellular proliferation. A greater understanding of these processes would help to identify the factors directly responsible for cell cycle deregulation in several tumors, moreover it would help the design of specific therapeutic strategies, for the control on the proliferation of neoplastic cells. We summarize here current knowledge of ras genes family: structural and functional characteristics of Ras proteins and their links with cell cycle and cancer.
Critical current properties under high magnetic fields up to 30 T for Y-Ba-Cu-O films by MOCVD (1991)

Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting film prepared by MOCVD (metalorganic chemical vapor deposition) was shown to have excellent critical current density of 2.7*10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K, 0 T and 2.5*10/sup 4/ cm/2 at 77 K, 30 T respectively. The upper critical field, B/sub c2/, for the film was estimated to be 59 T at 77 K. The activation energy U/sub 0/(B), of 1.98 eV at 21 T was determined by electrical resistance measurement under magnetic fields. The Cu composition of the film was approximately 75% over from the stoichiometry of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ system. The J/sub c/ properties under high magnetic fields strongly depended on the Cu composition of the films. The optimum value of Cu ratio for obtaining the highest J/sub c/ was about 5.2.
EPAC and PKA allow cAMP dual control over DNA-PK nuclear translocation (2008)

We identify a compartmentalized signaling system that identifies a functional role for the GTP exchange factor, exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) coupled to Rap2 in the nucleus. In this system, cAMP regulates the nuclear/cytoplasmic trafficking of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a critical kinase that acts to repair double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in damaged DNA and to phosphorylate the cell survival kinase, PKB/Akt. Intersecting regulatory inputs for cAMP employ EPAC to transduce positive effects, namely the Rap2-dependent nuclear exit and activation of DNA-PK, whereas protein kinase A (PKA) provides the negative input by antagonizing these actions. We identify this as a compartmentalized regulatory system where modulation of cAMP input into the stimulatory, EPAC and inhibitory, PKA intersecting arms is provided by spatially discrete, cAMP degradation systems. The distribution of DNA-PK between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments can thus potentially be influenced by relative inputs of cAMP signaling through the EPAC and PKA pathways. Through this signaling system EPAC activation can thereby impact on the Ser-473 phosphorylation status of PKB/Akt and the repair of etoposide-induced DSBs.
1.5 μm phase adjusted active distributed reflector laser for complete dynamic single-mode operation (1984)

1.5 μm GaInAsP/InP phase adjusted active distributed reflector laser was proposed and fabricated for stable dynamic single-mode operation. Room-temperature CW operation was obtained with the threshold current of 62 mA. Oscillation at the Bragg wavelength was confirmed experimentally.
Diversity of B2 bradykinin receptors with nanomolar affinity expressed in passaged IMR90 human lung fibroblasts. (1992)

IMR90 human fetal lung fibroblasts express bradykinin receptors activating the pathway for biosynthesis of PGE2. A receptor of the B2 subtype stimulates half-maximal PGE2 production at 4.8 nM bradykinin, and maximal output takes place at 25 nM bradykinin. Radioligand binding studies reveal a population of [3H]bradykinin binding sites whose affinity correlates with this B2 receptor's biologic activity, with a KD of 2.5 nM. As IMR90 cells reach 60% of their defined life span in culture, they spontaneously induce expression of a second site of lower affinity, with half-maximal binding of [3H]bradykinin at 44 nM. This second site displays a characteristic primary B2 receptor recognition profile, but differs from the 2.5 nM site on a secondary level in recognition among different B2 ligands. Bradykinin is the most potent ligand at both sites; they each preferentially recognize an N-terminal extended bradykinin peptide construct having selectivity for the rat myometrial B2 receptor, suggesting that both sites have structural features in common. However, they display diversity in their order of preference for Met-Lys-bradykinin versus Lys-Lys-bradykinin; at the 44 nM site this order is completely reversed from the order of potency exhibited at the 2.5 nM site. Expression of the second site changes the manner in which these fibroblasts control their PGE2 production; it affords a graded response of PGE2 production at bradykinin levels beyond those which would normally saturate the 2.5 nM site. The inducibility of the 44 nM site in cultured fibroblasts addresses in vivo conditions in an inflammatory environment where continuing generation of bradykinin-related peptides takes place and presents a possible mechanism for overriding constraints that would otherwise limit the progression of inflammation.
Upregulation of Interleukin-13 and Its Receptor in a Murine Model of Bleomycin-Induced Scleroderma (2004)

These data demonstrate that in skin lesions levels of IL-13 as well as its receptor increase in parallel with DSc progression, suggesting that IL-13 promotes the progression of cutaneous fibrosis/sclerosis in the murine model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma.
A parametric study of human fibroblasts culture in a microchannel bioreactor (2007)

The culture of cells in a microbioreactor can be highly beneficial for cell biology studies and tissue engineering applications. The present work provides new insights into the relationship between cell growth, cell morphology, perfusion rate, and design parameters in microchannel bioreactors. We demonstrate the long-term culture of mammalian (human foreskin fibroblasts, HFF) cells in a microbioreactor under constant perfusion in a straightforward simple manner. A perfusion system was used to culture human cells for more than two weeks in a plain microchannel (130 microm x 1 mm x 2 cm). At static conditions and at high flow rates (>0.3 ml h(-1)), the cells did not grow in the microchannel for more than a few days. For low flow rates (<0.2 ml h(-1)), the cells grew well and a confluent layer was obtained. We show that the culture of cells in microchannels under perfusion, even at low rates, affects cell growth kinetics as well as cell morphology. The oxygen level in the microchannel was evaluated using a mass transport model and the maximum cell density measured in the microchannel at steady state. The maximum shear stress, which corresponds to the maximum flow rate used for long term culture, was 20 mPa, which is significantly lower than the shear stress cells may endure under physiological conditions. The effect of channel size and cell type on long term cell culture were also examined and were found to be significant. The presented results demonstrate the importance of understanding the relationship between design parameters and cell behavior in microscale culture system, which vary from physiological and traditional culture conditions.
Desalination by Reverse Osmosis (2023)

Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination is an important alternative for coastal regions with a shortage of drinking water. Seawater desalination is a globally efficient and economical way to produce water for human consumption, as well as for agricultural and industrial needs. The global approach to characterizing seawater samples is presented through analytical tools that give access to many parameters, such as the type and nature of organic substances and inorganic mineral elements, as well as the micro-organism and phytoplankton count. Desalination by RO is a technology applicable for the removal of salts from seawater and brackish water. It is applied to fresh waters for the removal of organic substances, micropollutants, heavy metals, hardness, nitrates, and so on. The membranes used in desalination (seawater and brackish water) are membranes with a porous structure and an MWCO of 50–90 kDa.
A study of gas‐phase cationization in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2006)

A specially constructed split sample probe was used to unequivocally demonstrate that gas-phase cationization occurs within the desorption plume during a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization experiment. Two separate samples were prepared for analysis: on side A, a mixture of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 1500 analyte and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) matrix, and on side B a mixture of DHB matrix and lithium hydroxide (LiOH), the cationization reagent. Analysis of the data showed that when the ionization laser was focused on the split (so that both sides were illuminated), Li(+)-cationized PEG peaks were observed. Since the PEG analyte did not come into contact with Li(+) in either the solution or solid phase, the only possibility for the observed cationization was a reaction in the gas phase. Due to the difficulty in completely removing the adventitious cations (Na(+) and K(+)) present in DHB and on sample surfaces, gas-phase cationization could not be demonstrated to be either the only or most important mechanism operating in the MALDI experiment.
The ‘window’ T‐type calcium current in brain dynamics of different behavioural states (2004)

All three forms of recombinant low voltage-activated T-type Ca(2)(+) channels (Ca(v)3.1, Ca(v)3.2 and Ca(v)3.3) exhibit a small, though clearly evident, window T-type Ca(2)(+) current (I(Twindow)) which is also present in native channels from different neuronal types. In thalamocortical (TC) and nucleus reticularis thalami (NRT) neurones, and possibly in neocortical cells, an I(Twindow)-mediated bistability is the key cellular mechanism underlying the expression of the slow (< 1 Hz) sleep oscillation, one of the fundamental EEG rhythms of non-REM sleep. As the I(Twindow)-mediated bistability may also represent one of the cellular mechanisms underlying the expression of high frequency burst firing in awake conditions, I(Twindow) is of critical importance in neuronal population dynamics associated with different behavioural states.
Parallel imaging reconstruction for arbitrary trajectories using <i>k</i>‐space sparse matrices (kSPA) (2007)

Although the concept of receiving MR signal using multiple coils simultaneously has been known for over two decades, the technique has only recently become clinically available as a result of the development of several effective parallel imaging reconstruction algorithms. Despite the success of these algorithms, it remains a challenge in many applications to rapidly and reliably reconstruct an image from partially-acquired general non-Cartesian k-space data. Such applications include, for example, three-dimensional (3D) imaging, functional MRI (fMRI), perfusion-weighted imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in which a large number of images have to be reconstructed. In this work, a systematic k-space-based reconstruction algorithm based on k-space sparse matrices (kSPA) is introduced. This algorithm formulates the image reconstruction problem as a system of sparse linear equations in k-space. The inversion of this system of equations is achieved by computing a sparse approximate inverse matrix. The algorithm is demonstrated using both simulated and in vivo data, and the resulting image quality is comparable to that of the iterative sensitivity encoding (SENSE) algorithm. The kSPA algorithm is noniterative and the computed sparse approximate inverse can be applied repetitively to reconstruct all subsequent images. This algorithm, therefore, is particularly suitable for the aforementioned applications.
Mutational analysis of the capsid protein of Leishmania RNA virus LRV1-4 (1994)

The virion of Leishmania RNA virus is predicted to be composed of a 742-amino-acid major capsid protein and a small percentage of capsid-polymerase fusion molecules. Recently, the capsid protein alone was expressed and shown to spontaneously assemble into viruslike particles. Since the major structural protein of the virion shell self-assembles into viruslike particles when expressed in the baculovirus expression system, assembly of the virion can be studied by mutational analysis and expression of a single open reading frame. In this study, several deletions and one addition of the capsid protein of Leishmania RNA virus LRV1-4 were generated. These mutants show different degrees of assembly. Assembly domains are being identified such that the capsid protein may be used as a macromolecular packaging and delivery system for Leishmania species.
I. Content decisions in intercultural communication (1982)

(1982). I. Content decisions in intercultural communication. Southern Speech Communication Journal: Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 252-262.
Kava Blocks 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-Butanone–Induced Lung Tumorigenesis in Association with Reducing <i>O6</i> -methylguanine DNA Adduct in A/J Mice (2014)

We previously reported the chemopreventive potential of kava against 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)- and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice during the initiation and postinitiation stages. In this study, we investigated the tumorigenesis-stage specificity of kava, the potential active compounds, and the underlying mechanisms in NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. In the first experiment, NNK-treated mice were given diets containing kava at a dose of 5 mg/g of diet during different periods. Kava treatments covering the initiation stage reduced the multiplicity of lung adenomas by approximately 99%. A minimum effective dose is yet to be defined because kava at two lower dosages (2.5 and 1.25 mg/g of diet) were equally effective as 5 mg/g of diet in completely inhibiting lung adenoma formation. Daily gavage of kava (one before, during, and after NNK treatment) completely blocked lung adenoma formation as well. Kavalactone-enriched fraction B fully recapitulated kava's chemopreventive efficacy, whereas kavalactone-free fractions A and C were much less effective. Mechanistically, kava and fraction B reduced NNK-induced DNA damage in lung tissues with a unique and preferential reduction in O(6)-methylguanine (O(6)-mG), the highly tumorigenic DNA damage by NNK, correlating and predictive of efficacy on blocking lung adenoma formation. Taken together, these results demonstrate the outstanding efficacy of kava in preventing NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice with high selectivity for the initiation stage in association with the reduction of O(6)-mG adduct in DNA. They also establish the knowledge basis for the identification of the active compound(s) in kava.