gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A security coprocessor embedded system-on-chip architecture for smart metering, control and communication in power grid (2014)

In this paper a AMBA v2.0 protocol compliable dual-processor architecture is proposed. The architecture is aimed at applications like smart metering, control and communication in power grid. The general-purpose processor (GPP) accomplishes tasks like thread scheduling, resource managing, interrupt response, and all the general calculations. While to ensure communication security and performance of the encryption/decryption operations, a security coprocessor is integrated in the proposed SoC architecture and communicates with the GPP via serial bus protocol. Various peripheral interfaces provide much convenience and possibility for system integration. The whole system has passed register transition level (RTL) function verification and the synthesis results are presented in the end.
High-dimensional Adaptive Dynamic Programming With Mixed Integer Linear Programming (2015)

Dynamic programming (DP, Bellman 1957) is a classic mathematical programming approach to solve multistage decision problems. The “Bellman equation” uses a recursive concept that includes both the current contribution and future contribution in the objective function of an optimization. The method has potential to represent dynamic decision-making systems, but an exact DP solution algorithm is limited to small problems with restrictions, such as problems with linear transitions and problems without uncertainty. Approximate dynamic programming (ADP) is a modern branch of DP that seeks to achieve numerical solutions via approximation. It is can be applied to real-world DP problems, but there are still challenges for high dimensions. This dissertation focuses on ADP value function approximation for a continuous-state space using the statistical perspective (Chen et al. 1999). Two directions of ADP methodology are developed: a sequential algorithm to explore the state space, and a sequential algorithm using mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and regression trees.The first component addresses exploration of the state space. A sequential state space exploration (SSSE) algorithm (Fan 2008) was developed using neural networks. Here it is considered the use of multivariate adaptive regression splines (Friedman 1991) in place of neural networks. In ADP, the value function approximation is defined over a specified state space region. In the real world, the relevant state space region is unknown. In particular, the ADP approach employed in this dissertation uses a statistical perspective that is analogous to design and analysis of computer experiments (DACE, Chen et al. 2006). In DACE, an experimental design is used to discretize the input space region, which is the state space region in ADP. Since the ADP state space region is unknown, SSSE uses the stochastic trajectories to sample future states and identify the potential range of system state. By reducing iterations without impacting solution quality, SSSE using MARS demonstrates improved efficiency over SSSE with neural networks.The second component of this dissertation addresses the optimization of a real world, complex, dynamic system. This work is motivated by a case study on the environmental impact of aircraft deicing activities at the Dallas-Fort Worth (D/FW) International Airport. For this case study, the state transitions are nonlinear, the objective function is nonconvex, and the decision (action) space is high-dimensional and discrete. To overcome these complexities, an ADP method is introduced using a piecewise linear value function approximation and MILP. The piecewise linear structure can be transformed for MILP by introducing binary variables. The treed regression value function approximation is flexible enough to approximate the nonlinear structure of the data and structured to be easily formulated in MILP. The proposed ADP approach is compared with a reinforcement learning (Murphy 2005) approach.
Using Korean (2008)

This is a guide to Korean language usage for students who have already acquired the basics of the language and wish to extend their knowledge and organise accumulated bits of information into a comprehensive picture. It is designed to promote the fluency and accuracy vital to effective communication, provides excellent coverage of proverbs, idioms, and sound symbolism, is tailored to the needs of the English-speaking user, and will be invaluable to anyone requiring up-to-date guidance on points of grammar and vocabulary. Unlike conventional grammars, it highlights those areas of vocabulary and grammar which cause most difficulty to English speakers. Special attention is given throughout the book to the appropriateness of different language styles in various situational contexts. Clear, readable, and easy to consult, it is essential for all those who wish to take their Korean beyond the beginner's level.
Conductive polymer sensor measurements (2002)

Conducting polymers have become popular as a means to sense odorous gasses, however the change in polymer resistance upon exposure to typical gas concentrations can be very small. Sensitivity is ultimately limited by the resistance measurement itself. We show that the passage of de current through the polymer generates high levels of excess noise, with a 1/f characteristic, which increases as approximately the square root of current. This behaviour is consistent with the granular structure of the material. We also demonstrate that the combination of low thermal mass of a typical polymer resistor and its thermal isolation makes it susceptible to self heating. Given typical temperature coefficients of resistance (e.g. -2%//spl deg/C for PPY/DS), measured resistances can be affected by ambient gas flow rates unless the measuring power is small. The use of ac techniques can provide significant S/N improvement at low measurement powers (voltages), where the resistance characteristic is most linear, enabling accurate resistance measurement in olfactory applications.
Autonomous Vehicle Technologies for Small Fixed-Wing UAVs (2005)

Autonomous unmanned air vehicle ∞ight control systems require robust path generation to account for terrain obstructions, weather, and moving threats such as radar, jammers, and unfriendly aircraft. In this paper, we outline a feasible, hierarchal approach for real-time motion planning of small autonomous flxed-wing UAVs. The approach divides the trajectory generation into four tasks: waypoint path planning, dynamic trajectory smoothing, trajectory tracking, and low-level autopilot compensation. The waypoint path planner determines the vehicle’s route without regard for the dynamic constraints of the vehicle. This results in a signiflcant reduction in the path search space, enabling the generation of complicated paths that account for pop-up and dynamically moving threats. Kinematic constraints are satisfled using a trajectory smoother which has the same kinematic structure as the physical vehicle. The third step of the approach uses a novel tracking algorithm to generate a feasible state trajectory that can be followed by a standard autopilot. Monte-Carlo simulations were done to analyze the performance and feasibility of the approach and determine real-time computation requirements. A planar version of the algorithm has also been implemented and tested in a low-cost micro-controller. The paper describes a custom UAV built to test the algorithms.
M2M wake-ups over cellular networks (2016)

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication devices are expected to work without recharging for several years. To receive a network-initiated transmission and to lower energy consumption, an M2M modem waits in the idle state and is woken up, when needed. The state-of-the-art M2M wake-up implementation over cellular networks is Short Message Service (SMS). SMS is a Circuit Switched service, which is not present in its original form in Packet Switched LTE. Therefore, we propose an Over-the-Top Session Initiation Protocol (OTT SIP) wake-up method. In this paper, we have implemented OTT SIP as well as SMS over GSM and LTE wake-up methods on a real testbed, connected to a mobile network. We have measured delay and energy consumption. Our measurement results are presented and analyzed in this paper. We also show that OTT SIP wake-up features three times lower delay than SMS over LTE.1
C–C Bond Forming Reductive Elimination from Diarylplatinum Complexes Driven by Visible-Light-Mediated Photoredox Reactions (2015)

A series of dinuclear Pt(II) bis-aryl complexes with visible-light-absorbing Ir(III)–cyclometalate units were synthesized, and their molecular structure and photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated. The dinuclear complexes underwent reductive elimination upon visible-light irradiation at ambient temperature to afford the corresponding biaryls. The photoredox process at the Ir center induces the oxidation of the Pt(II)–Ar2 center to [Pt–Ar2](III) to accelerate reductive elimination.
A New MAC Protocol for Avoiding Needless Transmission Deferment Induced by Missed RTS/CTS Handshake (2008)

IEEE802.11DCF employs RTS/CTS (request to send/clear to send) mechanism for mitigating effect of hidden terminals. The RTS/CTS mechanism sets transmission deferral timer to neighbor terminals by exchanging RTS and CTS between transmitter and receiver. Then, in the case that RTS/CTS exchange succeeds, effect of hidden terminals could be suppressed, otherwise, any neighbor which received RTS and/or CTS defers its new transmission needlessly although DATA packet corresponding to the previous RTS/CTS exchange will not be transmitted. In this paper, we propose Cancel CTS procedure in order to cope with the unnecessarily transmission deferment. Results of computer simulation confirms that our method well improves the throughput performance of IEEE802.11DCF.
Analyzing survival curves at a fixed point in time (2007)

A common problem encountered in many medical applications is the comparison of survival curves. Often, rather than comparison of the entire survival curves, interest is focused on the comparison at a fixed point in time. In most cases, the naive test based on a difference in the estimates of survival is used for this comparison. In this note, we examine the performance of alternatives to the naive test. These include tests based on a number of transformations of the survival function and a test based on a generalized linear model for pseudo-observations. The type I errors and power of these tests for a variety of sample sizes are compared by a Monte Carlo study. We also discuss how these tests may be extended to situations where the data are stratified. The pseudo-value approach is also applicable in more detailed regression analysis of the survival probability at a fixed point in time. The methods are illustrated on a study comparing survival for autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplants.
Efficient hardware code generation for FPGAs (2008)

The wider acceptance of FPGAs as a computing device requires a higher level of programming abstraction. ROCCC is an optimizing C to HDL compiler. We describe the code generation approach in ROCCC. The smart buffer is a component that reuses input data between adjacent iterations. It significantly improves the performance of the circuit and simplifies loop control. The ROCCC-generated datapath can execute one loop iteration per clock cycle when there is no loop dependency or there is only scalar recurrence variable dependency. ROCCC's approach to supporting while-loops operating on scalars makes the compiler able to move scalar iterative computation into hardware.
LOW MULTIPLICATION RATES OF AFRICAN PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM ISOLATES AND LACK OF ASSOCIATION OF MULTIPLICATION RATE AND RED BLOOD CELL SELECTIVITY WITH MALARIA VIRULENCE (2006)

Two potential malaria virulence factors, parasite multiplication rate (PMR) and red blood cell selectivity (measured as selectivity index [SI]), were assessed in Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates from Mali and Kenya. At both sites, PMRs were low (Kenya median = 2.2, n = 33; Mali median = 2.6, n = 61) and did not differ significantly between uncomplicated and severe malaria cases. Malian isolates from hyperparasitemic patients had significantly lower PMRs (median = 1.8, n = 19) than other Malian isolates (uncomplicated malaria median = 3.1, n = 23; severe malaria median = 2.8, n = 19; P = 0.03, by Kruskal-Wallis test). Selective invasion occurred at both sites (Kenya geometric mean SI = 1.9, n = 98; Mali geometric mean SI = 1.6, n = 104), and there was no significant association between the SI and malaria severity. Therefore, in contrast to previous results from Thailand, we found no association of PMR and SI with malaria severity in African children. This raises the possibility of differences in the mechanisms of malaria virulence between sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.
The ocular examination : measurements and findings (1997)

The Problem-Oriented Examination's Case History. Visual Activity. The Pupil Exam. Refractive Error. Accomodative Function. Ocular Alignment. Cornea. Anterior Segment. Posterior Segment. Visual Field. Supplementary Clinical Tests of Visual Function.
Gradient descent method for designing optimum radar signals (2002)

A technique is described that can be used to iteratively design high range resolution radar signals that are optimum from the standpoint of the mean square processed signal voltage reflection. This technique is required since optimum signal design requires a priori knowledge of the target's range profile. Since the range profile in not typically known a priori, an iterative or learning solution is required. This iterative technique can be implemented in such a way as to result in an adaptive signaling radar. The particular adaptation referred to in this paper is that of adaptive signaling and not adaptive antenna sidelobe cancellation, etc. The technique can be readily applied to the pulse compression signaling scheme known as matched FSK/PSK to result in an adaptive spread spectrum radar system.
Quantification of the pulse wave velocity of the descending aorta using axial velocity profiles from phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (2006)

The pulse wave velocity (PWV) of aortic blood flow is considered a surrogate for aortic compliance. A new method using phase-contrast (PC)-MRI is presented whereby the spatial and temporal profiles of axial velocity along the descending aorta can be analyzed. Seventeen young healthy volunteers (the YH group), six older healthy volunteers (the OH group), and six patients with coronary artery disease (the CAD group) were studied. PC-MRI covering the whole descending aorta was acquired, with velocity gradients encoding the in-plane velocity. From the corrected axial flow velocity profiles, PWV was determined from the slope of an intersecting line between the presystolic and early systolic phases. Furthermore, the aortic elastic modulus (Ep) was derived from the ratio of the brachial pulse pressure to the strain of the aortic diameter. The PWV increased from YH to OH to CAD (541 +/- 94, 808 +/- 184, 1121 +/- 218 cm/s, respectively; P = 0.015 between YH and OH; P = 0.023 between OH and CAD). There was a high correlation between PWV and Ep (r = 0.861, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age and CAD were independent risk factors for an increase in the PWV. Compared to existing methods, our method requires fewer assumptions and provides a more intuitive and objective way to estimate the PWV.
Molecular Studies Reveal Frequent Misidentification of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> by Morphotyping (2006)

Aspergillus fumigatus has been understood to be the most common cause of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in all epidemiological surveys. However, recent studies have uncovered a large degree of genetic heterogeneity between isolates morphologically identified as A. fumigatus, leading to the description of a new species, Aspergillus lentulus. Here, we examined the genetic diversity of clinical isolates identified as A. fumigatus using restriction enzyme polymorphism analysis and sequence-based identification. Analysis of 50 clinical isolates from geographically diverse locations recorded the presence of at least three distinct species: A. lentulus, Aspergillus udagawae, and A. fumigatus. In vitro, A. lentulus isolates demonstrated decreased susceptibility to antifungal drugs currently used for IA, including amphotericin B, voriconazole, and caspofungin; A. udagawae isolates demonstrated decreased in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B. Results of the present study demonstrate that current phenotypic methods to identify fungi do not differentiate between genetically distinct species in the A. fumigatus group. Differential antifungal susceptibilities of these species may account for some of the reported poor outcomes of therapy in clinical studies.
Multibeam Antenna Technologies for 5G Wireless Communications (2017)

With the demanding system requirements for the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications and the severe spectrum shortage at conventional cellular frequencies, multibeam antenna systems operating in the millimeter-wave frequency bands have attracted a lot of research interest and have been actively investigated. They represent the key antenna technology for supporting a high data transmission rate, an improved signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, an increased spectral and energy efficiency, and versatile beam shaping, thereby holding a great promise in serving as the critical infrastructure for enabling beamforming and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) that boost the 5G. This paper provides an overview of the existing multibeam antenna technologies which include the passive multibeam antennas (MBAs) based on quasi-optical components and beamforming circuits, multibeam phased-array antennas enabled by various phase-shifting methods, and digital MBAs with different system architectures. Specifically, their principles of operation, design, and implementation, as well as a number of illustrative application examples are reviewed. Finally, the suitability of these MBAs for the future 5G massive MIMO wireless systems as well as the associated challenges is discussed.
II. Adenoviruses (1962)

II. Adenoviruses Affiliation Joseph A. Bell, Wallace P. Rowe, and Leon Rosen CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.52.6.902 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Designed protein tetramer zipped together with a hydrophobic Alzheimer homology: A structural clue to amyloid assembly (2000)

Limited solubility and precipitation of amyloidogenic sequences such as the Alzheimer peptide (beta-AP) are major obstacles to a molecular understanding of protein fibrillation and deposition processes. Here we have circumvented the solubility problem by stepwise engineering a beta-AP homology into a soluble scaffold, the monomeric protein S6. The S6 construct with the highest beta-AP homology crystallizes as a tetramer that is linked by the beta-AP residues forming intermolecular antiparallel beta-sheets. This construct also shows increased coil aggregation during refolding, and a 14-mer peptide encompassing the engineered sequence forms fibrils. Mutational analysis shows that intermolecular association is linked to the overall hydrophobicity of the sticky sequence and implies the existence of "structural gatekeepers" in the wild-type protein, that is, charged side chains that prevent aggregation by interrupting contiguous stretches of hydrophobic residues in the primary sequence.
Intermediate temperature fuel cells <i>via</i> an ion-pair coordinated polymer electrolyte (2018)

High performance of SnP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>-based intermediate temperature fuel cells was obtained with a quaternary ammonium-biphosphate ion-pair coordinated polymer electrolyte.
An improved, inexpensive procedure for the large‐scale purification of recombinant human erythropoietin (2004)

A rapid and simple chromatographic procedure has been developed for the large-scale purification of therapeutic-grade rHuEPO (recombinant human erythropoietin) from medium-conditioned cell cultures, which includes ion-exchange, hydrophobic-interaction and gel-filtration chromatography. A combination of these well-connected steps results in highly purified rHuEPO (> 99%), as revealed by SDS/PAGE and HPLC analyses, with a total yield of 38%. The specific activity of purified rHuEPO was 160,104 i.u./mg. Immunoblotting studies revealed that the protein possesses native EPO immunity. N-terminal sequencing of rHuEPO shows that the first 15 amino acids coincide with those of native EPO reported previously.
PLASMA: A new routing paradigm for wireless multihop networks (2012)

In this paper we present a new routing paradigm for wireless multihop networks. In plasma routing, each packet is delivered over the best available path to one of the gateways. The choice of the path and gateway for each packet is not made beforehand by the source node, but rather on-the-fly by the mesh routers as the packet traverses the network. We propose a distributed routing algorithm to jointly optimize the transmission rate and the set of gateways each node should use. A load balancing technique is also proposed to disperse the network traffic among multiple gateways. We validate our proposal with simulations and show that plasma routing outperforms the state-of-the-art multirate anypath routing paradigm, with a 98% throughput gain and a 2.2x delay decrease. Finally, we also show that the load can be evenly distributed among gateways with a similar routing cost, resulting in a further 63% throughput gain.