gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new approach to simultaneous buffer insertion and wire sizing (1997)

In this paper, we present a completely new approach to the problem of delay minimization by simultaneous buffer insertion and wire sizing for a wire. We show that the problem can be formulated as a convex quadratic program, which is known to be solvable in polynomial time. Nevertheless, we explore some special properties of our problem and derive an optimal and very efficient algorithm to solve the resulting program. Given m buffers and a set of n discrete choices of wire width, the running time of our algorithm is O(mn^2) and is independent of the wire length in practice. For example, an instance of 100 buffers and 100 choices of wire width can be solved in 3 seconds. Besides, our formulation is so versatile that it is easy to consider other objectives like wire area or power dissipation, or to add constraints to the solution. Also, wire capacitance lookup tables, or very general wire capacitance models which can capture area capacitance, fringing capacitance, coupling capacitance, etc. can be used.
Effect of rare earth Ce on the microstructure, physical properties and thermal stability of a new lead-free solder (2011)

In this paper, in order to develop a low silver content lead-free solder with good overall properties, a newly designed solder alloys of Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-20Bi-xCe type, with addition of varying amounts of rare earth Ce (0.05 mass%, 0.1 mass% and 0.2 mass%) were studied. The melting temperature of Sn-0.3Ag- 0.7Cu can be decreased substantially through addition of 20 mass% Bi; while the segregation of Bi element in the microstructure of the as-cast alloys can be relieved by micro-alloying with trace amount of rare earth Ce. Besides, aging treatments (160?C held for 6 h) of these solder alloys imply that appropriate amount of Ce addition can not only depress the diffusion induced aggregation of Bi in the microstructure but promote the homogenization during annealing. Compared with Bi-free Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu solder, Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu- 20Bi exhibits better wettability. More excitingly, the wetting property of Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-20Bi can be further improved by doping little amounts of Ce, especially 0.5 mass%, in which case the spreading area of the solder can be increased to the largest extent. On the whole, the present study reveals that Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu- 20Bi-xCe (x=0.05-0.1) is a promising lead-free solder candidate considering the microstructure, melting temperature and wetting properties.
Detecting depression from facial actions and vocal prosody (2009)

Current methods of assessing psychopathology depend almost entirely on verbal report (clinical interview or questionnaire) of patients, their family, or caregivers. They lack systematic and efficient ways of incorporating behavioral observations that are strong indicators of psychological disorder, much of which may occur outside the awareness of either individual. We compared clinical diagnosis of major depression with automatically measured facial actions and vocal prosody in patients undergoing treatment for depression. Manual FACS coding, active appearance modeling (AAM) and pitch extraction were used to measure facial and vocal expression. Classifiers using leave-one-out validation were SVM for FACS and for AAM and logistic regression for voice. Both face and voice demonstrated moderate concurrent validity with depression. Accuracy in detecting depression was 88% for manual FACS and 79% for AAM. Accuracy for vocal prosody was 79%. These findings suggest the feasibility of automatic detection of depression, raise new issues in automated facial image analysis and machine learning, and have exciting implications for clinical theory and practice.
Spectral and electrochemical anion sensing by a novel 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(R-substituted) porphyrin receptor (R = C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NHC(O)C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CoC<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub><sup>+</sup>PF<sub>6</sub><sup>–</sup>) (1995)

A novel 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(R-substituted) porphyrin receptor molecule (R = C6H4NHC(O)C5H4CoC5H5+ PF6–)3 is prepared and is shown to spectrally and electrochemically sense halide, nitrate, hydrogen sulfate and dihydrogen phosphate guest anions.
RoboNet: Large-Scale Multi-Robot Learning (2019)

Robot learning has emerged as a promising tool for taming the complexity and diversity of the real world. Methods based on high-capacity models, such as deep networks, hold the promise of providing effective generalization to a wide range of open-world environments. However, these same methods typically require large amounts of diverse training data to generalize effectively. In contrast, most robotic learning experiments are small-scale, single-domain, and single-robot. This leads to a frequent tension in robotic learning: how can we learn generalizable robotic controllers without having to collect impractically large amounts of data for each separate experiment? In this paper, we propose RoboNet, an open database for sharing robotic experience, which provides an initial pool of 15 million video frames, from 7 different robot platforms, and study how it can be used to learn generalizable models for vision-based robotic manipulation. We combine the dataset with two different learning algorithms: visual foresight, which uses forward video prediction models, and supervised inverse models. Our experiments test the learned algorithms' ability to work across new objects, new tasks, new scenes, new camera viewpoints, new grippers, or even entirely new robots. In our final experiment, we find that by pre-training on RoboNet and fine-tuning on data from a held-out Franka or Kuka robot, we can exceed the performance of a robot-specific training approach that uses 4x-20x more data. For videos and data, see the project webpage: https://www.robonet.wiki/
A Methodology for Self‐Diagnosis for Software Quality Assurance in Small and Medium‐Sized Industries in Latin America (2003)

Abstract Currently, only a small fraction of software companies around the world achieve a high quality level for their development process. A vast majority of software producers, which have not yet implemented a methodology for software quality assurance, are paying high costs of production and systems maintenance, and are therefore being displaced from the global market, not being on the same competitiveness level than companies that posses a quality assurance method. There are several models for software quality assurance, such as the Capability Maturity model (CMM), the Software Process Improvement and Capability dEtermination (SPICE) and the ISO 9000 norm from the International Standarization Organization. These models provide quality patterns that a company should adhere to, therefore improving its software production process. Unfortunately, the successful implementation of such models is not generally possible within the context of small and medium‐sized software organizations in Latin America, given deterring factors such as cultural impact and lack of resources, among others. Our proposal for implementing and improving software quality assurance methods on such companies is a new methodology for self‐diagnosis, based on concepts, goals and activities defined by CMM. Companies with minimal experience can use this methodology with quality standard methods. We also define rules that allow the automation of the methodology through the use of an expert system, which would play the role of a “virtual quality auditor”, supporting the definition of an action plan and thus reducing the investment required for processes improvement.
Wholly Aromatic Polyesters Containing NLO Chromophores in the Side Chain (1996)

A series of poly(1,4-phenylene terephthalates) with pendant NLO chromophores was prepared by the solution polycondensation of 2,5-NLO chromophore substituted terephthalic acid with hydroquinone. The polymers obtained gave satisfactory NMR and elemental analysis results when taking into account their expected structures and the inherent viscosity value proved the polymeric character of all polymers. DSC, optical polarizing microscopy and WAXS studies revealed that none of these polymers exhibited liquid crystalline mesophases. Preliminary results on NLO properties of these polymers showed a surprisingly large second harmonic signal relative to a Y-cut quartz plate.
Defining Inoculation Conditions for the Mouse Model of Ascending Urinary Tract Infection that Avoid Immediate Vesicoureteral Reflux yet Produce Renal and Bladder Infection (1996)

A satisfactory mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection (UTI) must avoid inoculation-induced vesicoureteral reflex (VUR) yet still produce kidney and bladder infection in a substantial proportion of mice. To define inoculation conditions that would satisfy both these conditions, mice were evaluated for VUR immediately after inoculation under a variety of conditions and were assessed for kidney and bladder infection 48 h after inoculation. Elimination of VUR required a slowed infusion rate, a reduced inoculum volume (25 microliter), and use of less traumatic methods for euthanasia and organ harvest. Bladder and kidney infection were highly prevalent at 48 h among mice inoculated under VUR-free conditions with either of 2 wild type Escherichia coli strains. Together with reports from other investigators, these findings indicate that satisfactory experimental conditions for the mouse model of ascending UTI can be defined empirically but may be laboratory-specific.
Production of cellulosic organic acids via synthetic fungal consortia (2017)

Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is a potential breakthrough technology for reducing costs of biochemical production from lignocellulosic biomass. Production of cellulase enzymes, saccharification of lignocellulose, and conversion of the resulting sugars into a chemical of interest occur simultaneously within a single bioreactor. In this study, synthetic fungal consortia composed of the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei and the production specialist Rhizopus delemar demonstrated conversion of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and alkaline pre-treated corn stover (CS) to fumaric acid in a fully consolidated manner without addition of cellulase enzymes or expensive supplements such as yeast extract. A titer of 6.87 g/L of fumaric acid, representing 0.17 w/w yield, were produced from 40 g/L MCC with a productivity of 31.8 mg/L/hr. In addition, lactic acid was produced from MCC using a fungal consortium with Rhizopus oryzae as the production specialist. These results are proof-of-concept demonstration of engineering synthetic microbial consortia for CBP production of naturally occurring biomolecules.
Going beyond Paxos (2011)

Flash storage is making inroads into data centers, enabling a new class of applications that require persistence as well as extreme performance. Clusters of flash can satisfy millions of IOs per second at submillisecond latencies while consuming significantly less power per IO than disk clusters. Unfortunately, current designs for scalable storage systems are predicated on the properties of hard disks, and can be inefficient or unreliable when used with flash clusters. For example, replacing hard disks in high-end servers with expensive PCI-E flash drives (e.g., Fusion-io [10]) can result in a rigid architecture which is hard to scale incrementally and may be susceptible to network bottlenecks. Furthermore, scaling techniques such as data partitioning (e.g., FAWN [2]) can age drives at difference rates, resulting in uneven reliability and performance across the cluster. The upshot is that new abstractions are required to fully realize the potential of flash clusters. Accordingly, Corfu1 is a new storage system for flash clusters. The key idea in Corfu is to expose a cluster of network-attached flash devices as a single, shared log to clients running within the data center. Applications running on the clients can append data to this log or read entries from its middle. Internally, this shared log is implemented as a distributed log spread over the flash cluster. This design makes sense for two reasons:
Apoptosis in Coxsackievirus B3-Caused Diseases: Interaction between the Capsid Protein VP2 and the Proapoptotic Protein Siva (2000)

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a common factor in human myocarditis. Apoptotic events are present in CVB3-induced disease, but it is unclear how CVB3 is involved in apoptosis and which viral proteins may induce the apoptotic pathway. In this report we demonstrate that the human and murine proapoptotic protein Siva specifically interact with the CVB3 capsid protein VP2. Furthermore, the transcription of Siva is strongly induced in tissue of CVB3-infected mice and is present in the same area which is positively stained for apoptosis, CD27, and CD70. It has been proposed that Siva is involved in the CD27/CD70-transduced apoptosis. Therefore, we suggest a molecular mechanism through which apoptotic events contributes to CVB3-caused pathogenesis.
[Occupational medicine aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis]. (1987)

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis as an Occupational Disease We report 2 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis with special regard to its significance for occupational health. Preventive measures are discussed as well as the difficulties in clarifying the diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities.
Binary sorter by majority gate (1996)

A new binary sorter based on a majority gate is presented. The proposed sorter requires fewer gates than the conventional implementation by using comparison-swap elements only. Simulations have been carried out to test the circuit tolerance. For variations in channel width and length of less than 10%, the sorter can still output the correct results over a temperature range of 0 – 76°C.
Towards Empathic Touch by Relational Agents (2009)

Empathy—the process of attending to, understanding, and responding to another person&apos;s expressions of emotion—is a prerequisite for providing emotional support which, in turn, is a key element for establishing most kinds of meaningful social
Plasma membrane rafts and chaperones in cytokine/STAT signaling. (2003)

We and others have recently obtained data suggesting that cytokine-STAT signaling in many different cell-types is a chaperoned pathway initiated at the level of specialized plasma membrane microdomains called "rafts" (the "raft-STAT signaling hypothesis"). These findings are of broad significance in that all cytokines and growth factors initiate signaling in target cells by interacting with respective cell-surface receptors. The new data suggest that raft microdomains represent the units of function at the cell-surface through which ligand-stimulated STAT signaling is initiated. Moreover, recent evidence shows the involvement of chaperone proteins in regulating the STAT signaling pathway. These chaperones include the human homolog of the tumorous imaginal disc 1 protein (hTid1) which associates with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) at the level of the plasma membrane, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) which associates with STAT3 and STAT1 proteins in caveolin-1-containing raft and cytoplasmic complexes, and glucose regulated protein 58 (GRP58/ER-60/ERp57), a thiol dependent protein-disulfide isomerase, found in association with STAT3 "statosome" complexes in the cytosol and in the raft fraction. We suggest a function of the HSP90 chaperone system in preserving IL-6/STAT3 signaling in liver cells in the context of fever. The identification and function of protein partners associated with specific STAT species in rafts and in cytosolic complexes, and in the efficient departure of cytokine-activated STATs from the cytosolic face of rafts towards the cell nucleus are now areas of active investigation.
Quantitative Glycomics of Human Whole Serum Glycoproteins Based on the Standardized Protocol for Liberating N-Glycans (2007)

Global glycomics of human whole serum glycoproteins appears to be an innovative and comprehensive approach to identify surrogate non-invasive biomarkers for various diseases. Despite the fact that quantitative glycomics is premised on highly efficient and reproducible oligosaccharide liberation from human serum glycoproteins, it should be noted that there is no validated protocol for which deglycosylation efficiency is proven to be quantitative. To establish a standard procedure to evaluate N-glycan release from whole human serum glycoproteins by peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) treatment, we determined the efficiencies of major N-glycan liberation from serum glycoproteins in the presence of reducing agents, surfactants, protease treatment, or combinations of pretreatments prior to PNGase F digestion. We show that de-N-glycosylation efficiency differed significantly depending on the condition used, indicative of the importance of a standardized protocol for the accumulation and comparison of glycomics data. Maximal de-N-glycosylation was achieved when serum was subjected to reductive alkylation in the presence of 2-hydroxyl-3-sulfopropyl dodecanoate, a surfactant used for solubilizing proteins, or related analogues, followed by tryptic digestion prior to PNGase F treatment. An optimized de-N-glycosylation protocol permitted relative and absolute quantitation of up to 34 major N-glycans present in serum glycoproteins of normal subjects for the first time. Moreover PNGase F-catalyzed de-N-glycosylation of whole serum glycoproteins was characterized kinetically, allowing accurate simulation of PNGase F-catalyzed de-N-glycosylation required for clinical glycomics using human serum samples. The results of the current study may provide a firm basis to identify new diagnostic markers based on serum glycomics analysis.
Placing Relay Nodes for Intra-Domain Path Diversity (2006)

To increase reliability and robustness of missioncritical services in the face of routing changes, it is often desirable and beneficial to take advantage of path diversity provided by the network topology. One way of achieving this inside a single Autonomous System (AS) is to use two paths between every Origin-Destination (OD) pair. One path is the default path defined by the intra-domain routing protocol; the other path is defined as an overlay path that passes through a strategically placed relay node. The key question then is how to place such relay nodes inside an AS, which is the focus of this paper. We propose two heuristic algorithms to find the positions of relay nodes such that every OD pair has an overlay path, going through a relay node, that is disjoint from the default path. When it is not possible to find completely disjoint overlay paths, we allow overlay paths to have overlapped links with default paths. Since overlapped links diminish the robustness of overlay paths against a single point of failure, we introduce the notion of penalty for partially disjoint paths. We apply our algorithms on three different types of topology data – real, inferred, and synthetic – and show that our algorithms find relay nodes of close-to-minimum penalty. Using daily topology snapshots and network event log, we also show that our choices for relay nodes are relatively insensitive to network dynamics; which is very important for a placement algorithm to be viable and practical. Meeyoung Cha and Sue Moon are supported by Korea Science and Engineering Foundation through Advanced Information Technology Research Center (AITrc). Chong-Dae Park is supported by Brain Korea 21 Project through the school of information technology in KAIST. Part of this work was done while Meeyoung Cha was visiting Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science (DIMACS).
W. S. Jevons, 1835–82 (1981)

It is arguable that William Stanley Jevons has a better claim to the title ‘pioneer of modern economics’ than any of his British contemporaries. Forty-two years ago Keynes described Jevons’s Theory of Political Economy as ‘the first treatise to present in a finished form the theory of value based on subjective valuations, the marginal principle and the now familiar technique of the algebra and diagrams of the subject’.1 The Theory of Political Economy undoubtedly succeeded in doing what Jevons, equally undoubtedly, intended it to do — to mark a sharp break with all previous presentations of the principles of the subject. As a result it gained him a sharply-defined place in the history of economic thought as one of the initiators of what has come to be called the Marginal Revolution. Yet at the same time this very success has tended to overshadow the rest of Jevons’s economic writing and to some extent prevented a balanced assessment of his achievements as an economist from becoming generally known.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms in Fabry's disease (2002)

The gene encoding endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is involved in abnormalities in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis that mediates functional damage of vascular cells, especially of endothelial cells (ECs), a common characteristic in cardiovascular diseases. In Fabry's disease, the characteristic mutation in the alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-gal A) gene induces large deposits of glycosphingolipids, particularly concentrated in ECs, a process associated with endothelial dysfunction. To determine whether in addition to alpha-gal A gene mutations, eNOS genetic variations are implicated in this process, we examined the genotypes of the missense Glu298Asp (G894T) variant in exon 7 and 27-bp tandem repeats in intron 4 (4b/a) in 19 patients with Fabry's disease, and 39 normal volunteers. The results showed that both varials have a significant association with Fabry's disease. The frequencies of mutant Glu/Asp + Asp/Asp genotypes and Asp allele are significantly higher in Fabry's disease (68.4%, p = 0.044, and 47.4%, p = 0.022, respectively) than in controls (46.7% and 25%, respectively). The frequencies of eNOS 4b/a polymorphisms are also significantly different in Fabry's disease when compared to controls. The mutant 4b/a + 4a/a genotype frequencies are 55.5% (p = 0.032) and 4a allele 27.8% (p = 0.05) compared with controls (23.1% and 12.8%, respectively). These results indicate that more than half of the patients with Fabry's disease carry the Glu298Asp variant ( approximately 68%) and/or the 4b/a polymorphism ( approximately 55%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing an influence of eNOS gene polymorphisms in patients with Fabry's disease.
Helicopter Gross Weight Determination from Monitored Parameters. (1996)

When monitoring helicopter components knowledge of the gross weight an aircraft is operating at is required to differentiate damaging from non-damaging flight conditions. Several attempts have been made at estimating helicopter gross weight using aircraft-mounted instrumentation that have proven inaccurate and costly due to instrumentation and calibration needs. A simple algorithm which requires only engine torgue, hover height, pressure altitude and ambient temperature parameters to estimate gross weight has been developed. The algorithm is based on the UH-IH hover performance chart found in the operators user manual. Results of this effort indicate the algorithm can be used to determine the gross weight range (low, medium, high) while in a hover condition.