gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Las leyes de educación en España en los últimos doscientos años (2015)

espanolEl articulo es un estudio historico detallado del marco legal educativo en Espana, a lo largo de estos ultimos doscientos anos, desde la Constitucion de 1812 hasta la actualidad. Se analiza de manera detallada todo el conjunto de leyes educativas de ambito estatal, desde las reguladoras del sistema educativo iniciadas en 1857 con la Ley Moyano, hasta las de ordenacion de ensenanzas de las etapas educativas, asi como otras de caracter especifico. Se especifica el eje cronologico de las leyes reguladoras del sistema educativo, diferenciado las previas a la Constitucion de 1978 y las posteriores a esta. De manera esquematica se describen las caracteristicas mas significativas de las leyes educativas, tanto las reguladoras del propio sistema educativo, como las referidas a la ordenacion de las ensenanzas de las etapa educativas y, otras de caracter general, que regulan aspectos de importancia para el hecho educativo, como es el caso de las leyes de construcciones escolares. Tambien se tienen en cuenta, las leyes autonomicas de educacion, publicadas hasta la fecha y, se enmarca de manera clara el actual marco normativo legal educativo espanol, incluido el regulador del sistema universitario actual. Una amplia referencia bibliografica completa el articulo EnglishThe article is a detailed historical study of the legal framework education in Spain, over the last two hundred years, since the Constitution from 1812 to the present. The entire set of educational laws is analyzed in detail state level, from the educational system regulators initiated in 1857 with the Moyano Law, until those of ordination of teachings of the educational stages, as well as others of a specific nature. The chronological axis of the regulatory laws of the system is specified educational, differentiating those prior to the 1978 Constitution and the after this one. The most basic characteristics are described schematically. significant aspects of educational laws, both those regulating the law itself educational system, such as those referring to the organization of teaching of the educational stages and others of a general nature, which regulate aspects of importance for the educational fact, as is the case of the laws of school buildings. The regional laws of education are also taken into account, published to date and clearly framed the current framework Spanish educational legal regulations, including the regulator of the system current college. An extensive bibliographic reference completes the article
Role of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Hog1p in Morphogenesis and Virulence of <i>Candida albicans</i> (1999)

The relevance of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Hog1p in Candida albicans was addressed through the characterization of C. albicans strains without a functional HOG1 gene. Analysis of the phenotype of hog1 mutants under osmostressing conditions revealed that this mutant displays a set of morphological alterations as the result of a failure to complete the final stages of cytokinesis, with parallel defects in the budding pattern. Even under permissive conditions, hog1 mutants displayed a different susceptibility to some compounds such as nikkomycin Z or Congo red, which interfere with cell wall functionality. In addition, the hog1 mutant displayed a colony morphology different from that of the wild-type strain on some media which promote morphological transitions in C. albicans. We show that C. albicans hog1 mutants are derepressed in the serum-induced hyphal formation and, consistently with this behavior, that HOG1 overexpression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae represses the pseudodimorphic transition. Most interestingly, deletion of HOG1 resulted in a drastic increase in the mean survival time of systemically infected mice, supporting a role for this MAP kinase pathway in virulence of pathogenic fungi. This finding has potential implications in antifungal therapy.
The Development of a Flexible Modular MEd (1994)

Attempts to trace the history and development of the Master of Education Degree at the University of Bath. Highlights the comparatively small differences which exist between the Bath MEd and those from other institutions, namely: its greater flexibility in allowing students to “pay as they earn” and take as long as they wish in building up their portfolios of modules; the three modes of studying the modules, i.e. taught, distance learning and school‐based tuition; the linking of taught and school‐based modules; and the introduction of a Summer School for outstation students. These features have enabled the University of Bath to offer the course, on a part‐time basis, to teachers living considerable distances away, particularly those living and working overseas.
Early Reversal of Pediatric-Neonatal Septic Shock by Community Physicians Is Associated With Improved Outcome (2003)

Early recognition and aggressive resuscitation of pediatric-neonatal septic shock by community physicians can save lives. Educational programs that promote ACCM-PALS recommended rapid, stepwise escalations in fluid as well as inotropic therapies may have value in improving outcomes in these children.
Selective Inhibition of CBX6: A Methyllysine Reader Protein in the Polycomb Family (2015)

The polycomb paralogs CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, and CBX8 are epigenetic readers that rely on "aromatic cage" motifs to engage their partners' methyllysine side chains. Each CBX carries out distinct functions, yet each includes a highly similar methyllysine-reading chromodomain as a key element. CBX7 is the only chromodomain that has yet been targeted by chemical inhibition. We report a small set of peptidomimetic agents in which a simple chemical modification switches the ligands from one with promiscuity across all polycomb paralogs to one that provides selective inhibition of CBX6. The structural basis for this selectivity, which involves occupancy of a small hydrophobic pocket adjacent to the aromatic cage, was confirmed through molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate the increases in affinity and selectivity generated by ligands that engage extended regions of chromodomain binding surfaces.
Casing Running Tool (1999)

Abstract During casing running, risks of accidents with the stabber, the stabbing board and around well centre are still existing. In order to reduce the risks of accidents and to streamline the process a new Casing Running Tool is developed. The basic idea of this device is that the Top Drive is used as a torque wrench and that several functions are integrated. A flush mounted spider is used. Integrated in this device are fill up and circulating functions, the power tong function, the top stabbing function and the casing hoisting function. The risk for accidents will be significantly reduced. The driller's operation is simplified and the casing running time is reduced. The Casing Running Tool incorporates additional features, such as the possibility of pushing and rotating the casing string while circulating. The reduction of casing running time, personnel, and risk of accidents create value and HSE benefits. A first prototype is being developed. Design constraints that can be recognised at this stage of the development of the tool are mainly related to mechanized connection making. Both a theoretical and experimental approach are taken in order to define the design constraints. In the development of the Casing Running Tool a step by step approach is chosen. All subsystems are designed as add-on equipment. The Casing Running Tool paves the way to a complete automation of the drilling process.
MIMO Power Control for High-Density Servers in an Enclosure (2010)

Power control is becoming a key challenge for effectively operating a modern data center. In addition to reducing operating costs, precisely controlling power consumption is an essential way to avoid system failures caused by power capacity overload or overheating due to increasing high server density. Control-theoretic techniques have recently shown a lot of promise for power management because of their better control performance and theoretical guarantees on control accuracy and system stability. However, existing work oversimplifies the problem by controlling a single server independently from others. As a result, at the enclosure level where multiple high-density servers are correlated by common workloads and share common power supplies, power cannot be shared to improve application performance. In this paper, we propose an enclosure-level power controller that shifts power among servers based on their performance needs, while controlling the total power of the enclosure to be lower than a constraint. Our controller features a rigorous design based on an optimal Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) control theory. We present detailed control problem formulation and transformation to a standard constrained least-squares problem, as well as stability analysis in the face of significant workload variations. We then conduct extensive experiments on a physical testbed to compare our controller with three state-of-the-art controllers: a heuristic-based MIMO control solution, a Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) control solution, and an improved SISO controller with simple power shifting among servers. Our empirical results demonstrate that our controller outperforms all the three baselines by having more accurate power control and up to 11.8 percent better benchmark performance.
Image Restoration by Removal of Random-Media Degradations* (1967)

Analog spatial-filtering techniques are applied to the restoration of images degraded by propagation through random media. The image-forming system is assumed to be linear and stationary so that optically dividing the degraded image spectrum by the degrading transfer function suppresses the degradation. Images are stored and filters fabricated by controlled photographic methods. Preliminary experimental results have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of this filtering technique. In particular, degradations produced by cosine fringes and hot turbulent air were suppressed and enhanced images obtained.
Formation of cubic boron nitride films by arc-like plasma-enhanced ion plating method (1990)

Thin cubic boron nitride (cBN) films were synthesized at 350 °C on various substrates such as silicon, stainless steel, TiN-coated WC–Co and WC–Co by means of an arc-like plasma-enhanced ion plating process. In this process, polycrystalline cBN films were obtained at deposition rates of 0.004 to 0.03 μm/min. The infrared spectra showed strong absorption at 1050 cm−1, indicating cubic structure of the deposited film. The electron diffraction patterns also showed the cubic structure, with a lattice parameter of 3.63 Å. It is inferred that ion bombardment during film growth plays a important role in the formation of cBN films. The cBN films deposited in this process had a high compressive stress of 4×1010dyn/cm2, which is significantly greater than the value of hard amorphous boron nitride (iBN) films, 1.6×1010dyn/cm2. The internal stress of cBN films was greatly reduced if iBN was used as a buffer layer between cBN and substrate.
Morinda citrifolia (Noni): a literature review and recent advances in Noni research. (2002)

Morinda citrifolia L (Noni) has been used in folk remedies by Polynesians for over 2000 years, and is reported to have a broad range of therapeutic effects, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, antihelmin, analgesic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, and immune enhancing effects. In order to reveal the nutritional and medicinal value of the Noni plant, and to summarize scientific evidence that supports the Polynesians' claim, a literature review and recent advances in Noni research is given below.
CCNG1 oncogene: a novel biomarker for cancer therapy /gene therapy (2021)

Background: Metastatic cancer is associated with an invariably fatal outcome. However, DeltaRex-G, a tumor-targeted retrovector encoding a gene-edited dominant-negative CCNG1 inhibitor gene, has induced long term (>10 years) survival of patients with chemo-resistant metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, osteosarcoma, B-cell lymphoma, and breast carcinoma. Objective: To evaluate the level of CCNG1 expression in tumors as a potential biomarker for CCNG1 (Cyclin G1-blocking) inhibitor therapy. Methods: CCNG1 RNA expression levels that were previously measured as part of whole genome molecular profiling of tumors (TCGA, N=9161), adjacent “tissues” (TCGA, N=678) and GTEx normal tissues (N=7187) across 22 organ sites were analyzed. Differential expression of CCNG1 and Ki-67 in primary (N= 9161) vs metastatic (N= 393) tumors were also compared in primary (N=103) vs. metastatic (N=367) skin cancers (i.e., melanoma). Statistical Analysis: To detect systematically differential expression of CCNG1 and Ki-67 expression between populations (e.g. tumor vs. normal), unpaired Student's t-tests were performed. Results: Enhanced CCNG1 RNA and Cyclin G1 protein expression were noted in tumors compared to normal analogous counterparts, and CCNG1 expression correlated significantly with that of Ki-67. Moreover, CCNG1 expression tended to be higher than that of Ki-67 in metastatic vs primary tumors. Conclusions: Taken together with the emerging Cyclin G1 / Cdk / Myc / Mdm2 / p53 Axis governing Cancer Stem Cell Competence, this supportive data indicates: (1) CCNG1 expression is frequently enhanced in tumors when compared to their normal analogous counterparts, (2) CCNG1 and Ki-67 expressions are higher in metastatic vs primary tumors, (3) CCNG1 expression is significantly correlated with that of Ki-67, and (4) CCNG1 may actually be a stronger prognostic marker of stem cell competence, chemo-refractoriness, and EMT/metastasis than Ki-67. Phase 2 studies are planned to identify patients most likely to respond favorably to CCNG1 inhibitor therapy.
Acute and long-term effects of high-dose methotrexate treatment on homocysteine in plasma and urine. (1986)

The amino acid, homocysteine, is not supplied by food but is a product formed by cleavage of S-adenosylhomocysteine; a product of transmethylation. Homocysteine is further salvaged to methionine. Since this reaction is in most tissues dependent on 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, we investigated the effect of the antifolate drug, methotrexate (MTX), on homocysteine in patients treated with this drug against cancer. Free and protein-bound homocysteine in plasma and urinary excretion of this amino acid were monitored in seven patients before, during, and after infusion with MTX (1-13.6 g). Each patient was investigated during one to five consecutive MTX treatments, which were separated by intervals of 1 to 4 weeks. Three components of the homocysteine response could be distinguished. An acute effect appeared after a lag period of about 6 h, lasted for about 24 h, and was characterized by a transient increase in free and protein-bound homocysteine and a concomitant increase in urinary excretion of homocysteine. Some patients showed a marked plasma response, whereas in others, enhancement of urinary excretion predominated. A long-term effect developed within 48-72 h after each infusion and was characterized by a progressive decrease in both plasma homocysteine and urinary excretion of homocysteine to amounts below those observed prior to the infusion. This effect lasted for at least 4 weeks. In this way the amount of homocysteine in plasma and urine decreased as a function of the number of MTX infusions. This long-term effect was associated with a decrease in acute homocysteine response in plasma and/or urine. Notably, MTX induced no acute or long-term effect on plasma methionine, suggesting that the homocysteine response is not caused by an imbalance in methionine metabolism due to malignant disease or chemotherapy. The cause and possible consequences of altered homocysteine metabolism during MTX therapy are discussed.
Deliberate Bit Flipping With Error-Correction for PAPR Reduction (2016)

In the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communications, bit flipping can be used for the reduction of peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR). Error-correction coding can be used to relieve the degradation of bit-error rates (BERs) resultant from the bit-flipping. We propose designs which appropriately integrate deliberate bit flipping and error-correcting codes with unequal error protection. A modified density evolution method is used for obtaining appropriate code degree distributions to our bit-flipping system. Simulation results show that our proposed designs can obtain effective PAPR reduction with very minor BER degradation in many cases.
Thiamin deficiency: A possible major cause of some tumors? (Review) (2005)

Based solely on clinical clues from a malnourished population, thiamin alone was intentionally and successfully injected to human cases with some tumors or masses. Two cases of submandibular gland cyst and 13 out of 15 cases of Baker's cyst were cured without recurrence for several decades. In a case with pathology-confirmed osteosarcoma, subcutaneous perfusion of thiamin HCl 300 once only reduced its circumference from 30 to 20 cm, equivalent to a reduction of 50-75% in volume, within 2 days. Current concepts on the role of thiamin in carcinogenesis are controversial. Some authors claimed that thiamin supported high rate of tumor cell survival, proliferation and chemotherapy resistance and suggested anti-thiamin therapy for cancer. On the other hand, some investigators have reported evidence of prevention of several varieties of cancers by dietary thiamin. A limited number of animal studies revealed evident relationship between thiamin deficiency and cancer development. Therefore, further study on the mechanism switching thiamin between cancer supporter and suppressor is needed.
Hydrodynamics of Droplet Coalescence (2005)

We study droplet coalescence in a molecular system with a variable viscosity and a colloid-polymer mixture with an ultralow surface tension. When either the viscosity is large or the surface tension is small enough, we observe that the opening of the liquid bridge initially proceeds at a constant speed set by the capillary velocity. In the first system we show that inertial effects become dominant at a Reynolds number of about 1.5+/- 0.5 and the neck then grows as the square root of time. In the second system we show that decreasing the surface tension by a factor of 10(5) opens the way to a more complete understanding of the hydrodynamics involved.
Beiträge zur Kenntnis des chromophoren Systems der Corrine, III. Derivate des Dicyano‐cobyrinsäure‐hexamethylester‐c‐lactons (1977)

Abstract Auf üblichem Wege wurden aus dem Dicyano‐cobyrinsäure‐hexamethylester‐c‐lacton ( 1 ) über den Aquo‐cyano‐Komplex 3 die kristallinen Chloro‐, Bromo‐,Iodo‐ und Thiocyanatocyano‐lactone 4,5,6 bzw, 7 dargestellt. 7 ist neben dem Dithiocyanato‐Derivat 8 auch durch Einwirkung von Rhodanid auf 1 erhältlich. ‐ Mit Hilfe von Substitutionsreaktionen, die in der Cyano‐cobalamin‐Reihe bekannt sind, wurden die 10‐Brom‐, 10‐lod und 10 ‐Nitro‐Derivate 12, 9, 13 sowie 11, 10, 14 des Dicyano‐cobyrinsäure‐hexamethylester‐c‐lactons ( 1 ) bzw. des Dicyanocobyrinsäure‐heptamethylesters ( 2 ) dargestellt. ‐ Reduktion des 10‐Nitrolactons 13 liefert das entsprechende Amino‐Derivat 17 nur als Nebenprodukt; hauptsächlich entsteht durch gleichzeitige Lactonringöffnung die Dicyano‐10‐aminocobyrinsäure‐hexamethylester‐c‐säure. Ihr Veresterungsprodukt ist identisch mit dem Dicyano‐10‐aminocobyrinsäure‐heptamethylester ( 15 ), der direkt aus dem Dicyano‐10‐nitrocobyrinsäure‐heptamethylester ( 14 ) erhalten wurde. Die N ‐Acetyl‐Derivate 18 und 19 sind sowohl aus don Aminen 15 bzw. 17 als auch aus den 10‐Nitro‐Derivaten 14 bzw. 13 direkt zugänglich. ‐ Die 10‐Brom‐ und 10‐Iodlactone 12 bzw. 9 lassen sich reduktiv über die entsprechende c‐Säure in Dicyano‐cobyrinsäure‐heptamethylester ( 2 ) überführen.
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Velocity Clamping and Particle Penalization (2015)

The idea of particle swarm optimization falls under the domain of swarm intelligence. Particle swarm optimization technique is widely used for finding the global minima of well-known benchmark functions. The main idea behind this technique is that working in a group improves the performance of a system. A modified particle swarm optimization technique is proposed in this paper and tested on seven standard benchmark functions. The two major modifications are introduced in the standard particle swarm optimization, modify the velocity of a particle such that the particle remains within the confine limits of clamp velocity, and penalize the particle velocity, if the sum of the velocity vector and position vector results in breaching the boundary limits of search space. The results of the modified PSO are compared with the two versions of standard PSO, constant inertial weight with no velocity clamping and linearly decreasing inertial weight with no velocity clamping.
Study on Hardware Protection Technique of Flash Disk (2007)

In this paper, the security fatalness of the flash disk is analyzed, the work principium and operation commands of the flash memory K9F5608U0B are studied, and a hardware protection technique scheme of flash disk based on the user qualification authentication, data encryption and decryption is put forward. User qualification authentication module applies the P89C51X2's UART transmitting mode to transmit the authentication key between the host and the guest processor to get the qualification signal and distinguish the encryption disk or decryption disk. Data encryption and decryption code creation is linked with the column address of the flash memory storage structure and each code unit is unattached. With the randomicity of encryption result being defined as the next key address input as well, the difficulty of the decryption is enhanced. Encryption and decryption module uses the CPLD chip as the hardware control logic, and according to the control enable and the operation status signal between the USB SIE MCU and the Flash Memory to harmonize the scheduling of the logic apparatuses.
The Open University UK and teacher education in Scotland (1991)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsWillis MarkerWillis Marker formerly Assistant Principal of Jordanhill College, gives an historical account of the influence of the Open University UK on teacher education in Scotland, both on individual teachers and in the Colleges of Education. He concludes that the OU has been amongst the most innovative and influential contributors over the last 20 or so years despite the difficulties the OU has in acknowledging the separate educational system that is Scotland's.
IgA Protease Production as a Characteristic Distinguishing Pathogenic from Harmless Neisseriaceae (1978)

IgA proteases are extracellular enzymes of bacteria that have human immunoglobulin A of the IgA1 subclass as their only known substrate. The identification of this enzyme in neisseria prompted us to determine whether IgA protease production correlates with pathogenicity within this genus. Multiple clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis and eight species of non-pathogenic neisseria that commonly colonize the normal human nasopharynx were examined for IgA protease activity. All N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis strains were enzyme positive; all non-pathogenic strains were negative. Among meningococci, the enzyme occurred in strains carried harmlessly in the nasopharynx as well as those isolated from systemic infections. Because mucosal immune defense is largely mediated by antibodies of the IgA isotype, the finding that IgA protease activity is linked specifically to the pathogenic neisseria suggests that the enzyme may be involved in the pathogenesis of neisserial infection.