gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peptide and peptidomimetic inhibitors of VLA-4 (1999)

The integrin α4β1 (very late antigen of activation-4, VLA-4) is a cell adhesion receptor expressed on a wide variety of cell types. VLA-4 plays a key role in a variety of inflammatory disease settings, and it has been demonstrated that inhibiting VLA-4 is beneficial in a number of animal disease models. Peptide, peptidomimetic and small molecule inhibitors of VLA-4 have potential as novel therapeutics for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases. This review covers the discovery of peptide, peptidomimetic and small molecule inhibitors of VLA-4 that have been published in the patent literature.
SecureMAC: Securing Wireless Medium Access Control Against Insider Denial-of-Service Attacks (2017)

Wireless network dynamically allocates channel resources to improve spectral efficiency and, to avoid collisions, has its users cooperate with each other using a medium access control (MAC) protocol. However, MAC assumes user compliance and can be detrimental when a user misbehaves. An attacker who compromised the network can launch more devastating denial-of-service (DoS) attacks than a network outsider by sending excessive reservation requests to waste bandwidth, by listening to the control messages and conducting power-efficient jamming, by falsifying information to manipulate the network control, and so on. We build SecureMAC to defend against such insider threats while retaining the benefits of coordination between the cooperative users. SecureMAC is comprised of four components: channelization to prevent excessive reservations, randomization to thwart reactive targeted jamming, coordination to counter control-message aware jamming and resolve over-reserved and under-reserved spectrum, and power attribution to determine each node's contribution to the received power. Our theoretical analyses and implementation evaluations demonstrate superior performance over previous approaches, which either ignore security issues or give up the benefit of cooperation when under attack by disabling user coordination (such as the Nash equilibrium of continuous wideband transmission). In realistic scenarios, our SecureMAC implementation outperforms such schemes by 76-159 percent.
Monolithic integration of a very low threshold GaInAsP laser and metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor on semi-insulating InP (1982)

Monolithic integration of 1.3-μm groove lasers and metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MISFET) is achieved by a simple single liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) growth process. Laser thresholds as low as 14 mA for 300-μm cavity length are obtained. MIS depletion mode FET’s with n channels on LPE grown InP layer show typical transconductance of 5–10 mmho. Laser modulation by the FET current is demonstrated at up to twice the threshold current.
Single Sideband Systems and Circuits (1987)

Overview of Single Sideband.System Design Considerations.Receiver Design.Exciter and Transceiver Design.IF Analog Filters.Speech Processing, Squelch, and Noise Blanking.Digital Signal Processing.Preselectors and Postselectors.Synthesizers for SSB.Frequency Standards for SSB.Digital Control.Solid State Power Amplifiers.Ultra Low Distortion Power Amplifiers.High Power Linear Amplifiers.Power Supplies for SSB Equipment.Antenna Matching Techniques.Receiver Measurement Techniques.
Piezoelectric Properties of Lead Zirconate-Lead Titanate Solid-Solution Ceramics (1954)

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Unique Three-dimensionally Expanded Nanoporous Structure Constructed with a Cu(I) and <i>cis,cis</i>-1,3,5-Triaminocyclohexane Having a 3-Fold Axial Symmetry (2002)

Abstract Unique supramolecular crystal with a large macrocyclic channel structure has been prepared from the reaction of a [CuI(MeCN)4]SbF6 and cis,cis-1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane with a three-fold axial symmetry, whose channel is constructed from a distorted pseudofive-fold axial symmetric ring with a pore size of 5×12 Å2.
Estimation of Vessel Flow and Diameter during Cerebral Vasospasm Using Transcranial Doppler Indices (1998)

This variant of the intensity-weighted mean predicts changes in vessel cross-sectional area under conditions of changes in CO2 and cerebral vasospasm. This preliminary study suggests that careful use of this tool may provide accurate evaluation of cerebral blood flow through the large vessels and quantitative changes in diameter, which occur frequently after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Radiotherapy and adjuvant combination chemotherapy (6-aminonicotinamide and 6-mercaptopurine). (1958)

Summary Marked augmentation of radiotherapeutic “cure” rates upon mammary adenocarcinoma 755 was obtained by combined treatment with two chemical agents (6-aminonicotinamide + 6-mercaptopurine) and x-ray. The data recommend similar methodology—radiotherapy + adjuvant chemotherapy—for clinical evaluation of these two agents upon solid tumors.
X-IVUS: integrated x-ray and IVUS system for the Cathlab (2005)

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty is currently the preferred method for coronary artery disease treatment. Angiograms depict residual lumen, but lack information about plaque characteristics and exact geometry. During instrument positioning, intracoronary characterization at the current instrument location is desirable. By pulling back an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) probe through a stenosis, cross-sections of the artery are acquired. These images can provide the desired characterization if they are properly registered to diagnostic angiograms or interventional fluoroscopies. The method we propose acquires fluoroscopy frames at the beginning, end, and optionally during a constant speed pullback. The IVUS probe is localized and registered to previously acquired angiograms using a compensation algorithm for heartbeat and respiration. Then, for each heart phase, the pullback path is interpolated and the corresponding IVUS frames are positioned. During the intervention the instrument is localized and registered onto the pullback path. Thus, each IVUS frame can be registered with a position on an angiogram or to an instrument location and during subsequent steps of the intervention the appropriate IVUS frames can be displayed as if an IVUS probe were present at the instrument position. The method was tested using a phantom featuring respiratory and contraction movement and an automatic pullback with constant speed. The IVUS acquisition was replaced by fibre optics and the phantom was imaged in angiographic and fluoroscopic modes. The study showed that for the phantom case it is indeed possible to register the IVUS cross-section to the interventional instrument positions to an accuracy of less than 2mm.
C1/C2 osteomyelitis secondary to malignant otitis externa complicated by atlantoaxial subluxation—a case report and review of the literature (2020)

We present a case of C1/C2 osteomyelitis secondary to malignant otitis externa complicated by atlantoaxial subluxation. This case is unique because surgical fixation of the spine was delayed, and despite clearance of the infection with antibiotics, the patient developed cervical myelopathy and required instrumented spinal fusion surgery. He presented with 1 month of fever, headache and worsening neck stiffness. An MRI of his cervical spine showed C1/C2 osteomyelitis with atlantoaxial subluxation. He was initially treated non-operatively with prolonged intravenous antibiotics and external immobilisation of his cervical spine. However, the first course of antibiotics failed, and he represented with a progression of his infection to the contralateral ear. He declined surgical intervention and completed a second course of antibiotics. Unfortunately, he eventually progressed to cervical myelopathy and subsequently underwent posterior C1 decompression with occipital to C4 instrumentation. There was no biochemical or bacterial culture evidence of infection at the time of the surgery. This case highlights the potential challenges in the management of cervical osteomyelitis-optimal duration of antibiotics is not supported by strong evidence and the clinician will therefore have to decide each treatment in the context of the patient. Spinal instability may still remain an issue after adequate treatment of the infection.
REACTIONS TO REGULATION OF ACCOUNTING FOR GOODWILL (1992)

Abstract: Regulations designed to achieve “uniformity in practice” in Australian firms' reporting of goodwill were first adopted in 1985 with the introduction of AAS18. Because of the requirement to amortise purchased goodwill, a number of firms either did not comply or took evasive actions to mitigate the effects of the standard. This paper documents and explains the pre‐regulation cross‐sectional variation in accounting practices. Reactions to the set of regulations introduced between 1985 and 1989 are then described and explained through a longitudinal study of accounting policy choice. We develop hypotheses which explain why the goodwill accounting rules reversed relations between the accounting methods adopted by firms and both the earnings effect of compliance and the market value of the firm's goodwill. The results are confirmatory.
Amyloid precursor protein and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 in cancer (2016)

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its family members amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1) and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2) are type 1 transmembrane glycoproteins that are highly conserved across species. The transcriptional regulation of APP and APLP2 is similar but not identical, and the cleavage of both proteins is regulated by phosphorylation. APP has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease causation, and in addition to its importance in neurology, APP is deregulated in cancer cells. APLP2 is likewise overexpressed in cancer cells, and APLP2 and APP are linked to increased tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In this present review, we discuss the unfolding account of these APP family members' roles in cancer progression and metastasis.
Functionalization of polyethylene surface using plasma‐induced graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (1993)

Abstract Plasma‐induced graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto PE films was investigated. The influence of plasma treatment power, pressure, time, graft copolymerization time, and monomer concentration on polymerization yield was determined. A chemical shift of the Cls signal of Ar plasma treated and untreated PE films was revealed by ESCA, which also verified the presence of grafted PAAc. An increase in graft polymerization yield with plasma treatment time and power was found. Both the plasma treated film and the subsequently grafted film were shown to be hydrophilic. Only the grafted film, however, shows an invariably low contact angle. The decomposition of peroxides upon heating was followed by a simple first‐order reaction. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultraviolet Laser Photoablation of Polymers: A Review and Recent Results (1988)

The evolution since 1982, of far‐UV laser photoablation of polymers is described. The experimental data can be fitted by using a dynamic model which states that the irradiated interface moves at a rate proportional to the difference between, the intensity reaching it, and the ablation threshold intensity urn:x-wiley:02786273:media:lc018750:lc018750-math-0001 . The screening effect of the ablated gaseous products is taken into account. The experimental etch depth versus fluence, obtained with our new quartz crystal microbalance technique, can be fitted by adjusting two parameters of this model; the mean absorption coefficient of the products urn:x-wiley:02786273:media:lc018750:lc018750-math-0002 and the so‐called ablation rate constant k, which is the etch rate for urn:x-wiley:02786273:media:lc018750:lc018750-math-0003 MW/cm 2 . These two parameters are wavelength dependent. The model allows also the calculation of the dose of absorbed energy as a function of depth in the material. For each layer of the ablated depth, the dose absorbed before and after (reabsorption of the gas products) ablation are distinguished. The dose of reexcitation varies highly with fluence and the distribution of gas products broadens accordingly. However, primary products need to be studied. Surface products are formbd on the final surface, during the postablation phase of the pulsed irradiation. The probable mechanism of the evolution of excitation energy is discussed, with stress on the elementary steps leading to heat production. The perspectives of evolution of etching and patterning polymer surfaces by far‐UV photoablation are high in basic research and technology.
3D-aided profile-based face recognition (2009)

The silhouette of the face profile is a well-known biometric that is already in use in face recognition research. One of the challenges for successful employment of this biometric is the sensitivity of its geometry to face rotation. In this paper, we introduce a new method that improves robustness to rotation. We achieve this by exploring the feature space of profiles under various rotations with the aid of a 3D face model. Based on fiducial points on the profile silhouette, we extract a set of rotation-, translation- and scale-invariant features which are used to design and train a hierarchical pose-identity classifier. In our experiments the classifier is used for the identification of a driver using his/her side-view image. We present our results on a publicly available database.
ULTRASONIC CHARACTERIZATION OF STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF ORIENTED STRANDBOARD: A COMPARISON OF DIRECT-CONTACT AND NON-CONTACT METHODS 1 (2003)

A through-thickness ultrasonic transmission (UT) in oriented strandboard (OSB) was done to compare the performance of direct-contact (DC) and non-contact (NC) ultrasonic systems.The DC measurements produced a higher velocity than the NC system for a given board type, possibly due to transducer's compression over liquid couplant in the DC method.The UT responses correlated nonlinearly to sample density.The responses were not affected by the panel shelling ratio for the threelayer boards.Viable correlations between panel properties and UT parameters were board-specific for either method.Attenuation and root means square voltage (RMS) parameters were suitably used as density predictors if the flake alignment level is known; otherwise, velocity parameter could be used.In the single-layer boards, internal bond strength, bending stiffness, and breaking resistance were highly correlated to attenuation and RMS, a calibration importance.A density of 900 kg/m 3 marked the transition point for the UT responses.The point showed the transition between the diminishing physical effects of the interspatial voids in the lower density half and the increasing plastic-strain hardening modifications in the higher density half.The high correlations of DC-Velocity and NC-Attenuation to density and strength properties attest a feasible application of both methods in wood composite research and in a real-time quality control system for fiber-based facilities.
Notch signaling is required for maintaining stem-cell features of neuroprogenitor cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (2009)

Our results indicate that the hESC-derived NESs, which share biochemical features with brain-derived neurospheres, maintain stem cell characteristics mainly through Notch signaling, which suggests that the hESC-derived NESs could be an in-vitro model for in-vivo neurogenesis.
Number and Proliferation of Neuroendocrine Cells in Normal Human Airway Epithelium (1996)

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are ubiquitous in human adult airway epithelium, and are implicated in pulmonary disease as PNEC hyperplasia has been described in a great number of different pulmonary lesions. The purpose of this study was to determine the baseline quantity and proliferative fraction of adult PNECs in the conducting airway epithelium of normal lungs. Autopsy was performed within 6 h of death on 250 subjects. In 9 of 250 cases without pulmonary disease, seven sequential samples were taken from trachea down to respiratory bronchioles, fixed in formalin, and embedded in paraffin. After microwave pretreatment in citrate buffer, sequential immunohistochemical staining was carried out, using MIB-1 (antibody directed against recombinant parts of the Ki-67 antigen) as marker for the proliferation fraction and chromogranin-A (CgA) for the identification of PNECs. Quantification of all epithelial cells of the conducting airways, MIB-1, and CgA immunoreactive cells, and length of basement membrane was interactively performed using image analysis. The results show that microwave treatment significantly enhances the sensitivity of CgA without loss of specificity. In total, 326,500 epithelial cells and 105 cm of basement membrane (BM) length were counted (3,101 cells/cm BM). The proliferation fraction of all epithelial cells was 0.76 +/- 0.53% (mean +/- SD). No mitosis was seen. The mean quantity of PNECs was 0.41 +/- 0.17% of all epithelial cells (12.5 cells/cm BM). Many dendritic PNEC processes parallel to the basement membrane could be appreciated between adjacent epithelial cells. No difference in the number of PNECs was found between large and small conducting airways. PNECs were not observed in the alveoli. Only 13 PNECs were immunoreactive for MIB-1; the proliferative fraction of PNECs was 1 to 2%. In histologically normal adult human conducting airway epithelium, the average overall proliferation fraction is 0.76%. The proliferation fraction of PNECs is equal to the overall proliferative fraction. The fraction of PNECs is 0.41%, using anti-CgA antiserum after microwave pretreatment of slides, 12 times more than previously reported. Many dendritic neuroendocrine cell processes were seen between non-neuroendocrine epithelial cells adjacent to the basement membrane. The widely held belief that neuroendocrine cells are of little importance in the adult lung is contradicted by the relative high density of PNECs and its cytoplasmic processers.
Isolation and characterization of hyaluronidase from cultures of chick embryo skin- and muscle-derived fibroblasts. (1980)

Primary and passaged cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts, prepared from 10-day embryonic skin and 12-day embryonic skeletal muscle, synthesize and secrete hyaluronidase at level comparable to the tissues of origin. The level of cell-associated hyaluronidase remains approximately constant during culture while the enzyme accumulates extracellularly such that within a 48-h incubation period, levels of hyaluronidase in the medium are 2 to 4 times higher than that found associated with the cell layer. The cultures continue to produce hyaluronidase at approximately the same rate and distribution through as many as nine passages. In addition to the chick fibroblasts, a variety of mammalian cells also produce hyaluronidase in culture. Both the cell- and medium-associated forms of the chick fibroblast hyaluronidase are endoglycosidases of estimated molecular weight of 62,000, which preferentially cleave hyaluronate substrate at an acidic pH optimum. Neither the cell-associated nor secreted hyaluronidase are enzymatically active at neutral pH.
Antimycobacterial Serratamolides and Diacyl Peptoglucosamine Derivatives from <i>Serratia</i> sp<i>.</i> (2008)

The cyclodepsipeptide serratamolide A ( 1) and five closely related compounds together with three new glucosamine derivatives were isolated by bioactivity-guided chromatography from the XAD adsorber resin extract of a Serratia sp. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by 2D NMR and MS analyses. In addition to the known serratamolide A ( 1) with two C 10 alkyl chains, its derivatives always contained one C 10 chain combined with either C 12:1, C 12, C 11, C 9, or C 8 chains. The glucosamine derivatives contained a common core consisting of an N-butyl-alpha-glucopyranosylamide, which was acylated at the C-1 oxygen with valine. The differences between the derivatives arise from the nature of the acyl groups attached to the N-terminus of valine, which were identified as the linear fatty acid moieties C 16:1, C 15, or C 14. Each compound was present in two isomeric forms arising from racemization of the valine moiety. All compounds showed antibiotic activity against Mycobacterium diernhoferi and other rapidly growing mycobacteria.
Survey of experiences with the mandibular staple bone plate. (1978)

The mandibular staple bone plate has been used to reconstruct the atrophic or deformed mandible in more than 400 cases. A survey was undertaken to evaluate those cases; results indicate that 90% of patients have satisfactory function.
Flight management system back-up navigation for the A330/A340 aircraft (2002)

Presents the architecture and functional operation of the multi-purpose control display unit (MCDU) back-up navigation used on the A330/A340 MCDU aircraft. Its purpose and capability in playing a key role on the A330/A340 for providing navigational back-up and equipment redundancy are explored. The A330/A340 flight management system is embedded in two flight management and guidance and envelope computers (FMGECs) and the triple redundant MCDU. At any one time two of the MCDUs are used to interface with the two FMGECs. The third MCDU can be switched into either position in case of an MCDU failure. In addition, two of the MCDUs have the capability to provide back-up navigation in case of loss of the FM function from the FMGECs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of the Sex of a Wide Range of Carinatae Birds by PCR Using Primer Sets Selected from Chicken EE0.6 and Its Related Sequences (2001)

A 0.6 kb EcoRI fragment (EE0.6), cloned from the W chromosome of chickens, is a nonrepetitive sequence and contains an exonlike sequence, ET15, which is likely a part of a pseudogene. The EE0.6 sequence is conserved in all species of birds examined both in Carinatae and Ratitae. A counterpart sequence of EE0.6 is present on the Z chromosome. The extent of diversity between the W- and Z-linked sequences are variable among species. The W- and Z-linked EE0.6 sequences, cloned from 12 different species, were compared and four forward and three reverse primers were selected to amplify parts of the EE0.6 sequence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By choosing a suitable combination of primers for EE0.6 and a set of primers for a Z/W-common sequence, as an internal control, the sex of 36 species belonging to 16 different orders of Carinatae could be determined clearly by PCR. The sex of two other species representing different orders could be determined by Southern blot hybridization using ET15 as a probe. For the two Ratitae species, emu and ostrich, EE0.6 sequences on W and Z chromosomes could not be distinguished either by PCR or Southern blotting.
EEG in delirium. (2000)

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an inexpensive and noninvasive probe of functional brain activity that is one of the few clinically accessible measures capable of detecting changes in delirium. In EEG characteristics of delirium include slowing or dropout of the posterior dominant rhythm, generalized theta or delta slow-wave activity, poor organization of the background rhythm, and loss of reactivity of the EEG to eye opening and closing. These are paralleled by the quantitative EEG (QEEG) findings of increased absolute and relative slow-wave (theta and delta) power, reduced ratio of fast-to-slow band power, reduced mean frequency, and reduced occipital peak frequency. In alcohol and sedative withdrawal, EEG findings may include attenuation of voltage and prominence of beta activity. Specificity of EEG and QEEG findings in delirium has been questioned, particularly vis-'a-vis EEG changes in normal aging and in dementia. As noted in the text, however, specificity can be increased by the use of careful data acquisition and skillful interpretation. In the future, it is expected that QEEG methods will largely replace EEG in application to delirium.