gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linear Free Energy Relationships from Rates of Esterification and Hydrolysis of Aliphatic and Ortho-substituted Benzoate Esters (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLinear Free Energy Relationships from Rates of Esterification and Hydrolysis of Aliphatic and Ortho-substituted Benzoate EstersRobert W. Taft Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 11, 2729–2732Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01131a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01131a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2481Altmetric-Citations271LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Induction of susceptibility to tumor necrosis factor by E1A is dependent on binding to either p300 or p105-Rb and induction of DNA synthesis (1996)

The introduction of the adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) gene products into normal cells sensitizes these cells to the cytotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Previous studies have shown that the region of E1A responsible for susceptibility is CR1, a conserved region within E1A which binds the cellular proteins p300 and p105-Rb at nonoverlapping sites. Binding of these and other cellular proteins by E1A results in the induction of E1A-associated activities such as transformation, immortalization, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis. To investigate the mechanism by which E1A induces susceptibility to TNF, the NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line was infected with viruses containing mutations within E1A which abrogate binding of some or all of the cellular proteins to E1A. The results show that TNF susceptibility is induced by E1A binding to either p300 or p105-Rb. E1A mutants that bind neither p300 nor p105-Rb do not induce susceptibility to TNF. Experiments with stable cell lines created by transfection with either wild-type or mutant E1A lead to these same conclusions. In addition, a correlation between induction of DNA synthesis and induction of TNF sensitivity is seen. Only viruses which induce DNA synthesis can induce TNF sensitivity. Those viruses which do not induce DNA synthesis also do not induce TNF sensitivity. These data suggest that the mechanisms underlying induction of susceptibility to TNF by E1A are intimately connected to E1A's capacity to override cell cycle controls.
KONZEPT ZUR KATALYSATORUEBERWACHUNG DURCH REAKTIONSWAERMEERMITTLUNG (1997)

Die Ergebnisse von relevanten Forschungen weisen darauf hin, dass weitere Reduktionen von Pkw-Emissionen wirksamer durch geeignete Ueberpruefungsstrategien statt durch die Durchsetzung ultraniedriger Emissionenstandards erreicht werden koennen. In diesem Sinne hat das Interesse an modernen Feldueberwachungsprogrammen als auch an Remote Sensing und Eigendiagnose (On-Board-Diagnostics) erheblich zugenommen. Trotz der bisherigen Fortschritte bleibt die Entwicklung von kostenguenstigen und zuverlaessigen On-Board-Diagnose-Systemen problematisch, besonders fuer moderne Pkw mit geringen Emissionen. Im Beitrag wird ein neues Diagnosekonzept vorgestellt, das auf der Ermittlung der von den Oxidationsreaktionen freigegebenen Waerme basiert und am Labor fuer Angewandte Thermodynamik der Universitaet Thessaloniki angewandt wird. Die Wirksamkeit der Methode, die bei einer Vielfalt von Katalysatorsystemen angewandt werden kann, wird experimentell und rechnerisch demonstriert. Titel in Englisch: A concept for catalyst diagnosis using exothermal reactions.
The Stroop Color and Word Test (2017)

The Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) is a neuropsychological test extensively used to assess the ability to inhibit cognitive interference that occurs when the processing of a specific stimulus feature impedes the simultaneous processing of a second stimulus attribute, well-known as the Stroop Effect. The aim of the present work is to verify the theoretical adequacy of the various scoring methods used to measure the Stroop effect. We present a systematic review of studies that have provided normative data for the SCWT. We referred to both electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) and citations. Our findings show that while several scoring methods have been reported in literature, none of the reviewed methods enables us to fully assess the Stroop effect. Furthermore, we discuss several normative scoring methods from the Italian panorama as reported in literature. We claim for an alternative scoring method which takes into consideration both speed and accuracy of the response. Finally, we underline the importance of assessing the performance in all Stroop Test conditions (word reading, color naming, named color-word).
Multimedia traffic management at MAC layer in IEEE 802.15.3a personal area networks (2005)

Among several wireless network scenarios, the in-home environment is one of the more challenging in the last years. In particular, the wireless personal area network (WPAN) seems one of the most interesting application scenario, as that networks work in small area for delivering multimedia traffic. The IEEE 802.15.3 is the emerging standard for WPAN. This standard is designed to provide low complexity, low cost and low power-consumption for personal area networks that manage multimedia traffic, video and audio between different devices in a small area environment. The piconet is the basic topology structure of a WPAN and it is defined as group devices, where one of them is the piconet coordinator (PNC). A PNC manages the synchronization and controls the data traffic of the system. This paper proposes an adaptive medium access control (MAC) technique for high data-rate WPANs. The proposed system aims to maximize the performance of the WPAN in terms of throughput, considering multimedia traffic.
Early power estimation for VLSI circuits (2005)

Early power estimation, a requirement for design exploration early in the design phase, must often be done based on a design specification that is available only at a high level of abstraction. One way of doing this is to use high-level estimation of circuit total capacitance and average activity. This paper addresses these problems and proposes a high-level area estimation technique based on the complexity of a Boolean network representation of the design. In addition to the high-level area estimation, the paper also proposes a high-level activity estimation methodology that is capable of handling correlated input streams. High-level power estimates based on the total capacitance and average activity estimates are also given.
Development of a new bicistronic retroviral vector with strong IRES activity (2006)

From these observations, we engineered a new vector family, pPRIG, which respects the EMCV IRES structure, and permits easy cloning, tagging, sequencing, and expression of any cDNA in the first cistron, while keeping a high level of expression from its IRES-dependent second cistron (here encoding eGFP).
Prospects of modeling poststroke epileptogenesis (2016)

This Review describes the current status of poststroke epilepsy (PSE) with an emphasis on poststroke epileptogenesis modeling for testing new therapeutic agents. Stroke is a leading cause of epilepsy in an aging population. Late-onset "epileptic" seizures have been reported in up to 30% cases after stroke. Nevertheless, the overall prevalence of PSE is 2-4%. Rodent models of stroke have contributed to our understanding of the relationship between seizures and the underlying ischemic damage to neurons. To understand whether acutely generated stroke events lead to a chronic phenotype more closely resembling PSE with recurrent seizures, a limited variety of approaches emerged in early 2000s. These limited methods of causing an occlusion in mice and rats show different infarct size and neurological deficits. The most often employed procedure for inducing focal ischemia is the middle cerebral artery occlusion. This mimics the pathophysiology seen in humans in terms of extent of damage to cortex and striatum. Photothrombosis and endothelin-1 models can similarly evoke episodes of ischemic stroke. These models are well suited to studying mechanisms and biomarkers of epileptogenesis or optimizing novel drug discoveries. However, modeling of PSE is tedious, is highly variable, and lacks validity; therefore, it is not widely implemented in epilepsy research. Moreover, the relevance of ischemic models to specific forms of human stroke remains unclear. Stroke modeling in young male rodents lacks clinical relevance to elderly populations and especially to women, likely as a result of sex differences. Nevertheless, because of the neuronal damage and epileptogenic insult that these models trigger, they are helpful tools in studying acquired epilepsy and prophylactic drug therapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective Detection of Acetone and Hydrogen Sulfide for the Diagnosis of Diabetes and Halitosis Using SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanofibers Functionalized with Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets (2014)

Sensitive detection of acetone and hydrogen sulfide levels in exhaled human breath, serving as breath markers for some diseases such as diabetes and halitosis, may offer useful information for early diagnosis of these diseases. Exhaled breath analyzers using semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors have attracted much attention because they offer low cost fabrication, miniaturization, and integration into portable devices for noninvasive medical diagnosis. However, SMO gas sensors often display cross sensitivity to interfering species. Therefore, selective real-time detection of specific disease markers is a major challenge that must be overcome to ensure reliable breath analysis. In this work, we report on highly sensitive and selective acetone and hydrogen sulfide detection achieved by sensitizing electrospun SnO2 nanofibers with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets. SnO2 nanofibers mixed with a small amount (0.01 wt %) of RGO nanosheets exhibited sensitive response to hydrogen sulfide (Rair/Rgas = 34 at 5 ppm) at 200 °C, whereas sensitive acetone detection (Rair/Rgas = 10 at 5 ppm) was achieved by increasing the RGO loading to 5 wt % and raising the operation temperature to 350 °C. The detection limit of these sensors is predicted to be as low as 1 ppm for hydrogen sulfide and 100 ppb for acetone, respectively. These concentrations are much lower than in the exhaled breath of healthy people. This demonstrates that optimization of the RGO loading and the operation temperature of RGO-SnO2 nanocomposite gas sensors enables highly sensitive and selective detection of breath markers for the diagnosis of diabetes and halitosis.
Sudden cardiac death: the lost fatty acid hypothesis (2006)

Evidence that an excess of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) might lead to primary ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death has hardened over the 36 years since the hypothesis was proposed. When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated during the onset of an acute coronary syndrome, catecholamine-induced tissue lipolysis occurs, with a surge of plasma FFA. This may overload the acutely ischaemic myocardium and impair glucose utilization. Myocardial oxygen consumption can increase in regional areas of ischaemia, and could lead to abnormal electrophysiological conduction and refractoriness, with irreversible ventricular arrhythmias. Efforts to combat the adverse effects of excess FFA include beta-blockade, increasing glucose availability and extraction, or inhibition of lipolysis. This last approach appears promising, but no method has yet been clearly shown to prevent primary ventricular fibrillation or sudden cardiac death. The hypothesis remains viable. More research is needed to derive treatment that can be applied as soon as the onset of acute myocardial ischaemia is suspected.
Design of a Class D Audio Amplifier IC Using Sliding Mode Control and Negative Feedback (2007)

In recent years, class D audio amplifiers are becoming the most feasible solution for low-voltage low- power applications due to their high efficiency property; however, to obtain good linearity for high fidelity systems is still a challenge. This work does not require the triangular carrier signal used in conventional class D audio amplifiers. It is shown that by making use of the sliding mode (SM) control technique along with an extra local feedback loop, the design parameters of a class D audio amplifier can be selected according to the linearity requirements. These techniques are applied in the design of a class D audio amplifier to yield a single-chip low distortion audio amplifier with efficiency above 90% and THD as low as 0.08%. Experimental IC results, using a commercial 0.5- mum CMOS technology verified the theoretical results.
Wireless Channel Access Through Jointly Formed Signal Constellations (2006)

A novel multiple access method for wireless communication is proposed. The method is based on the channel superposition of multiple coherently transmitted signals. The obtained signal constellation at the receiver represents information bits of all transmitters at once. In contrary to other multiple access methods the quality of reception can increase with the number of transmitters. The method may be used on top of other multiple access methods to achieve higher spectral efficiency
New thiol inhibitors of <i>Clostridium histolyticum</i> collagenase (1988)

An extensive series of synthetic mercaptotripeptides (HS-CH2-CH2-CO-Pro-Yaa) was prepared, and the inhibitory constants were determined on the Clostridium histolyticum collagenase. Among the factors which control the optimal binding of these inhibitors, we found that the presence of a free C-terminal carboxylate group in the position P3' of the compounds is of primary importance. In general, the esterification of this carboxylate group decreased the potency of the inhibitors by two orders of magnitude. We observed also that the enzyme favored the inhibitors having a long linear apolar or basic side-chain at the position P3'. The present data suggest a large S3' subsite of the C. histolyticum collagenase. The compound which contains a homoarginine residue at the P3' position with a Ki of 0.2 microM proved to be the most potent synthetic inhibitor known to date for the C. histolyticum collagenase.
A Lethal Defect of Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal Fission (2007)

We report on a newborn girl with microcephaly, abnormal brain development, optic atrophy and hypoplasia, persistent lactic acidemia, and a mildly elevated plasma concentration of very-long-chain fatty acids. We found a defect of the fission of both mitochondria and peroxisomes, as well as a heterozygous, dominant-negative mutation in the dynamin-like protein 1 gene (DLP1). The DLP1 protein has previously been implicated, in vitro, in the fission of both these organelles. Overexpression of the mutant DLP1 in control cells reproduced the fission defect. Our findings are representative of a class of disease characterized by defects in both mitochondria and peroxisomes.
Population Stratification Bias in the Case-Only Study for Gene-Environment Interactions (2008)

The case-only study is a convenient approach and provides increased statistical efficiency in detecting gene-environment interactions. The validity of a case-only study hinges on one well-recognized assumption: The susceptibility genotypes and the environmental exposures of interest are independent in the population. Otherwise, the study will be biased. The authors show that hidden stratification in the study population could also ruin a case-only study. They derive the formulas for population stratification bias. The bias involves three terms: 1) the coefficient of variation of the exposure prevalence odds, 2) the coefficient of variation of the genotype frequency odds, and 3) the correlation coefficient between the exposure prevalence odds and the genotype frequency odds. The authors perform simulation to investigate the magnitude of bias over a wide range of realistic scenarios. It is found that the estimated interaction effect is frequently biased by more than 5%. For a rarer gene and a rarer exposure, the bias becomes even larger (>30%). Because of the potentially large bias, researchers conducting case-only studies should use the boundary formula presented in this paper to make more prudent interpretations of their results, or they should use stratified analysis or a modeling approach to adjust for population stratification bias in their studies.
Directional Stability Augmentation for All Wheel Drive Vehicles (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The ultimate objective of this work is to develop an optimized control strategy for all wheel, independent torque control for road-going vehicles, and to use this control primarily for directional stability. Thus far only front/rear torque control has been investigated although a complete model suitable for All Wheel Drive development has been formulated. A control policy has been postulated for front/rear torque control that performs better than front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, or 4 wheel drive, under some conditions. Based on the results obtained so far, an all wheel drive system with independent wheel torque control is anticipated to yield greatly improved handling under all conditions.</div>
Computer Simulation of Water near the Surface of Oligo(ethylene glycol)-Terminated Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers (2000)

A Grand canonical Monte Carlo technique is used to simulate the behavior of the TIP4P model of water near the surface of an oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Two structural modifications of the SAM are studied in an effort to shed light on the difference in their resistance to adsorb proteins. One modification (hereafter h-SAM), which is stable on the Au substrate, is characterized by a helical conformation of the OEG tails and a lower areal density. The other, higher density modification (hereafter t-SAM), which is experimentally observed on the Ag substrate, has their OEG tails in the all-trans conformation. Simulations show that water molecules can penetrate into the near surface region of the h-SAM in appreciable amounts to bring about substantial conformational disordering of the SAM, in agreement with recent sum frequency generation experiments. About 75% of the topmost oxygen atoms and even 2% of the next to the topmost oxygen atoms of the OEG tails prove to be involved in hydrogen bonds with water molecules. By contrast, the t-SAM is much more resistant to the penetration of water molecules. On interaction with water, it retains a good conformational order and shows a noticeably lower surface density of hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Both the h- and t-SAM surfaces produce water density oscillations that extend at least 3 to 4 molecular diameters into the water bulk. The density oscillations are less pronounced near the h-SAM, whose surface is ill-defined because of the conformational disordering of the OEG tails. The effect of the SAM on the structural characteristics of water is short range and practically vanishes at separations larger than 1 to 2 molecular diameters away from the SAM surface.
The effect of prostacyclin infusion on endotoxin-induced lung injury. (1981)

Lung injury produced by endotoxin is characterized by both pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary vascular permeability. Prostacyclin (PGI2) has been found to be a vasodilator and a membrane stabilizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of PGI2 in preventing endotoxin injury. Eight sheep with chronic lung lymph fistula were given both Escherichia coli endotoxin (2 microgram/kg) alone and endotoxin plus an immediate infusion of PGI2 (0.1 to 0.2 microgram/kg/min) for a 5-hour period; the studies were performed 4 days apart. The endotoxin injury was characterized by early severe pulmonary hypertension, with pulmonary artery pressure increasing from 18 +/- 0.6 to 40 +/- 3.1 mm Hg and lung lymph flow (QL) increasing threefold. This was followed in about 3 hours by an increase in permeability characterized by an increasing lymph to plasma protein ratio (0.63 to 0.74) and a threefold increase in QL. In seven of eight animals infused with PGI2 the pulmonary hypertension and alteration in QL in the early and later phases were significantly decreased. In four paired studies, prostaglandins PGE, PGF2 alpha, and PGI2 as 6-keto PGF1 alpha were measured in lymph and plasma. PGF2 alpha and PGI2 were significantly increased in lung lymph during the early hypertensive phase immediately after endotoxin injection, but returned to baseline during the later phase. In the PGI2 infusion studies, PGF2 alpha showed the same pattern of response, but PGI2 was increased to much higher levels in lymph and plasma, as compared to values of endotoxin alone. The higher plasma values corresponded with less severe lung injury. The one animal not protected by PGI2 had the lowest plasma PGI2 level. We therefore found PGI2 to protect the lung against injury from endotoxin.
Producing single-stranded DNA probes with the Taq DNA polymerase: a high yield protocol. (1991)

We report an efficient procedure to synthesize either single- or double-stranded probes labeled with biotin-11-dUTP, biotin-21-dUTP or digoxigenin-11-dUTP. To produce the single-stranded probe, only a single primer is utilized in a Taq polymerase amplification of 55 cycles. A cytomegalovirus probe is presented. This procedure allows easy production of nonradioactively labeled pure single-stranded probes of any desired length and specificity.
Mast Cells Show Their Might (2007)

Once dismissed as allergy cells, mast cells have proven crucial for immunity. But they've also shown a dark side.
A Common Mechanism for Cytoplasmic Dynein-Dependent Microtubule Binding Shared among Adeno-Associated Virus and Adenovirus Serotypes (2006)

During infection, adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) undergoes microtubule-dependent retrograde transport as part of a program of vectorial transport of viral genome to the nucleus. A microtubule binding assay was used to evaluate the hypothesis that cytoplasmic dynein mediates AAV interaction with microtubules. Binding of AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) was enhanced in a nucleotide-dependent manner by the presence of total cellular microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) but not cytoplasmic dynein-depleted MAPs. Excess AAV2 capsid protein prevented microtubule binding by AAV serotypes 2, 5, and rh.10, as well as adenovirus serotype 5, indicating that similar binding sites are used by these viruses.
Discriminative training via linear programming (1999)

This paper presents a linear programming approach to discriminative training. We first define a measure of discrimination of an arbitrary conditional probability model on a set of labeled training data. We consider maximizing discrimination on a parametric family of exponential models that arises naturally in the maximum entropy framework. We show that this optimization problem is globally convex in R/sup n/, and is moreover piecewise linear on R/sup n/. We propose a solution that involves solving a series of linear programming problems. We provide a characterization of global optimizers. We compare this framework with those of minimum classification error and maximum entropy.