gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Waveform relaxation based analysis of noise propagation in power distribution networks (2011)

In this paper, a waveform relaxation algorithm is presented to efficiently model power distribution networks. The proposed algorithm is based on physically partitioning the large circuit into smaller disjoint subcircuits. A key feature of the partitioning scheme is that it ensures that the noise injected by each transient source is localized within the subcircuit where the source resides thereby leading to efficient convergence of the algorithm. The iterative solution of the subcircuits is parallelizable and scales efficiently with the number of processors. A numerical example has been provided to illustrate the validity of the proposed algorithm over full SPICE simulations.
Prism-pair dispersive delay lines in optical pulse compression (1987)

We have compressed the output of a synchronously pumped cavity-dumped dye laser with a fiber-prism pulse compressor. The prism pair consisted of two dense flint glass prisms, which were used at a grazing exit angle to increase the dispersive power. We present the results of several experiments in which we have demonstrated 85% throughput, high compression ratios, and compressed pulses as short as 50 fsec.
Phage Anti-Immunocomplex Assay for Clomazone: Two-Site Recognition Increasing Assay Specificity and Facilitating Adaptation into an On-Site Format (2010)

The impact of the use of herbicides in agriculture can be minimized by compliance with good management practices that reduce the amount used and their release into the environment. Simple tests that provide real time on-site information about these chemicals are a major aid for these programs. In this work, we show that phage anti-immunocomplex assay (PHAIA), a method that uses phage-borne peptides to detect the formation of antibody-analyte immunocomplexes, is an advantageous technology to produce such field tests. A monoclonal antibody to the herbicide clomazone was raised and used in the development of conventional competitive and noncompetitive PHAIA immunoassays. The sensitivity attained with the PHAIA format was over 10 times higher than that of the competitive format. The cross-reactivity of the two methods was also compared using structurally related compounds, and we observed that the two-site binding of PHAIA "double-checks" the recognition of the analyte, thereby increasing the assay specificity. The positive readout of the noncompetitive PHAIA method allowed adaptation of the assay into a rapid and simple format where as little as 0.4 ng/mL clomazone (more than 10-fold lower than the proposed standard) in water samples from a rice field could be easily detected by simple visual inspection.
Isolation of Apoptosis- and Differentiation-Inducing Substances toward Human Promyelocytic Leukemia HL-60 Cells from Leaves of<i>Juniperus taxifolia</i> (2008)

A chloroform extract of the leaves of Juniperas taxifolia exhibited a marked antiproliferative effect on human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells at a concentration of 2.5 microg/ml. Deoxypodophyllotoxin (4) was identified in the extract as an outstanding antiproliferative compound, and five diterpenes (1-3, 5, and 6) were isolated as known compounds with weak or no cytotoxicity. These compounds were examined for their respective apoptosis- and differentiation-inducing activities toward HL-60 cells by DNA fragmentation and NBT-reducing assays, respectively. Among them, 7alpha-hydroxysandaracopimaric acid (6) was found to have a potent differentiation-inducing activity in a dose-dependent manner at 0.125-2 microg/ml (0.39-6.29 microM), together with apoptosis-inducing activity at concentrations of more than 2.5 microg/ml (7.86 microM). Deoxypodophyllotoxin (4) that exerted cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities at 2 ng/ml (5 nM) did not induce differentiation at the same concentration, and the other diterpenes (1-3 and 5) showed no effect on cell differentiation, even at 5 microg/ml. It was thus demonstrated for the first time that 7alpha-hydroxysandaracopimaric acid was an effective differentiation-inducing compound toward HL-60 cells.
Inflatable structures for deployable wings (2001)

Deployable wings are needed for a variety of applications such as extended range cargo delivery, lightweight portable aircraft and gunlaunched vehicles. Inflatable structures provide a non-mechanical means for compact stowage and reliable deployment. This paper provides historical background on early examples of inflatable wings, including several early patents and the Goodyear Inflatoplane. A new approach to inflatable structures utilizes tubular spars manufactured by braiding high tenacity fibers over a thin gas barrier. Such structures can withstand high inflation pressures, which is the key to high strength before wrinkle onset. Reinforcement with high modulus fibers in the axial direction allows stiffness tailoring. The strength and stiffness equations for pressurized reinforced braided tubes are presented and discussed. These are considerably different than those found in the literature for woven fabric pressurized tubes. Examples are given of wing structures, wing deployment and actual flying configurations.
Normal Immune Development and Glucocorticoid-Induced Thymocyte Apoptosis in Mice Deficient for the T-Cell Death-Associated Gene 8 Receptor (2005)

T-cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8) is a G-protein-coupled receptor transcriptionally upregulated by glucocorticoids (GCs) and implicated by overexpression studies in psychosine-mediated inhibition of cytokinesis and in GC-induced apoptosis. To examine the physiological function of TDAG8, we generated knockout (KO) mice by homologous recombination. An enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter was knocked into the disrupted tdag8 locus to allow the analysis of TDAG8 expression in living cells. Interestingly, we found that during thymocyte development, TDAG8 expression resembled the dynamic regulation described for known modulators of GC-induced apoptosis, including Bcl-2, Notch1, and GC receptor. TDAG8 was expressed in double-negative cells, was downregulated at the double-positive transition, and was upregulated in single-positive thymocytes. However, despite this striking expression pattern, maturation and selection of thymocytes, as well as major immune functions, were not affected in TDAG8 KO mice. In contrast to previous overexpression results, TDAG8 was dispensable for psychosine-induced formation of multinucleated cells. Furthermore, TDAG8 KO thymocytes showed normal apoptosis following in vivo and in vitro GC treatment. These results, while establishing a useful reporter strain to study T-lymphocyte maturation, argue against a critical role for TDAG8 in immune development, psychosine-mediated inhibition of cytokinesis, and GC-induced cell death.
The Cardiac Inward Rectifier K+ Channel Subunit, CIR, Does Not Comprise the ATP-sensitive K+ Channel, IKATP (1995)

Cardiac I<sub>KACh</sub> is comprised of two inwardly rectifying K<sup>+</sup> channel subunits, CIR and GIRK1 (Krapivinsky, G., Gordon, E. G., Wickman, K., Velimirovic, B., Krapivinsky, L., and Clapham, D. E.(1995) <i>Nature</i> 374, 135-141). A cardiac [Medline] protein virtually identical to CIR, termed rcKATP-1 (Ashford, M. L. J., Bond, C. T., Blair, T. A., and Adelman, J. P.(1994) <i>Nature</i> 370, 456-459), was reported to form an ATP-sensitive [Medline] inwardly rectifying K<sup>+</sup> channel, I<sub>KATP</sub>. We attempted to determine whether CIR alone or together with an unknown protein(s) participated in the formation of cardiac I<sub>KATP</sub>. Expression of CIR in insect, oocyte, and mammalian cell systems did not increase the appearance of ATP-sensitive currents, but rather gave rise to unique strongly inwardly rectifying, G protein-regulated K<sup>+</sup> currents. CIR protein is found exclusively in atria, in contrast to the predominance of I<sub>KATP</sub> functional activity in ventricle. Also, CIR was completely depleted from heart membrane after immunodepletion of GIRK1. We conclude that CIR/rcKATP-1 is not a subunit of cardiac I<sub>KATP</sub> and that GIRK1 is the only channel protein coassociating with CIR in heart.
Dielectric properties of epoxy-barium titanate-carbon black composites (1995)

Frequency-domain dielectric measurements on epoxy-barium titanate-carbon black composites from 100 Hz to 1 MHz and from room temperature to + 200°C are reported. The results are presented mainly in the form of plots of the real and imaginary parts of the relative permittivity versus temperature for different frequencies and of the resistivity versus frequency for different temperatures. The basic composite consisted of 56 vol% barium titanate and 44 vol% epoxy. To this basic composite small amounts of carbon black were added to increase the electrical conductivity of the epoxy matrix, thus reducing the relaxation time and increasing the high frequency permittivity. When the carbon black concentration was near the percolation threshold, high permittivities were obtained even at high frequencies since the relaxation time was reduced to less than a microsecond. A further increase in the carbon black concentration lead to short-circuiting the charge build-up on the barium titanate/epoxy interfaces and loss of the high permittivity. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of the theory of dielectric loss in heterogeneous materials.
Membrane Development for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (2011)

Abstract Large‐scale energy storage has become the main bottleneck for increasing the percentage of renewable energy in our electricity grids. Redox flow batteries are considered to be among the best options for electricity storage in the megawatt range and large demonstration systems have already been installed. Although the full technological potential of these systems has not been reached yet, currently the main problem hindering more widespread commercialization is the high cost of redox flow batteries. Nafion, as the preferred membrane material, is responsible for about 11 % of the overall cost of a 1 MW/8 MWh system. Therefore, in recent years two main membrane‐related research threads have emerged: 1) chemical and physical modification of Nafion membranes to optimize their properties with regard to vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) application; and 2) replacement of the Nafion membranes with different, less expensive materials. This review summarizes the underlying basic scientific issues associated with membrane use in VRFBs and presents an overview of membrane‐related research approaches aimed at improving the efficiency of VRFBs and making the technology cost‐competitive. Promising research strategies and materials are identified and suggestions are provided on how materials issues could be overcome.
Analyzing U-Net Robustness for Single Cell Nucleus Segmentation from Phase Contrast Images (2020)

We quantify the robustness of the semantic segmentation model U-Net, applied to single cell nuclei detection, with respect to the following factors: (1) automated vs manual training annotations, (2) quantity of training data, and (3) microscope image focus. The difficulty of obtaining sufficient volumes of accurate manually annotated training data to create an accurate Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) model is overcome by the temporary use of fluorescent labels to automate the creation of training datasets using traditional image processing algorithms. The accuracy measurement is computed with respect to manually annotated masks which were also created to evaluate the effectiveness of using automated training set generation via the fluorescent images. The metric to compute the accuracy is the false positive/negative rate of cell nuclei detection. The goal is to maximize the true positive rate while minimizing the false positive rate. We found that automated segmentation of fluorescently labeled nuclei provides viable training data without the need for manual segmentation. A training dataset size of four large stitched images with medium cell density was enough to reach a true positive rate above 88% and a false positive rate below 20%.
Noise Enhanced Nonparametric Detection (2009)

This paper investigates potential improvement of nonparametric detection performance via addition of noise and evaluates the performance of noise modified nonparametric detectors. Detection performance comparisons are made between the original detectors and noise modified detectors. Conditions for improvability as well as the optimum additive noise distributions of the widely used sign detector, the Wilcoxon detector, and the dead-zone limiter detector are derived. Finally, a simple and fast learning algorithm to find the optimal noise distribution solely based on received data is presented. A near-optimal solution can be found quickly based on a relatively small dataset.
Adipocyte-Derived Serum Amyloid A3 and Hyaluronan Play a Role in Monocyte Recruitment and Adhesion (2007)

Obesity is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy and macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays a role in macrophage recruitment into adipose tissue. However, other adipocyte-derived factors, e.g., hyaluronan and serum amyloid A (SAA), can facilitate monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis, respectively. The objective was to test the potential involvement of these factors in macrophage recruitment. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes made hypertrophic by growth in high glucose conditions were used to study SAA and hyaluronan regulation in vitro. Two mouse models of obesity were used to study their expression in vivo. Nuclear factor-kappaB was upregulated and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma was downregulated in hypertrophic 3T3-L1 cells, with increased expression of SAA3 and increased hyaluronan production. Rosiglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, reversed these changes. Hypertrophic adipocytes demonstrated overexpression of SAA3 and hyaluronan synthase 2 in vitro and in vivo in diet-induced and genetic obesity. SAA and hyaluronan existed as part of a complex matrix that increased the adhesion and retention of monocytes. This complex, purified by binding to a biotinylated hyaluronan binding protein affinity column, also showed monocyte chemotactic activity, which was dependent on the presence of SAA3 and hyaluronan but independent of MCP-1. We hypothesize that adipocyte hypertrophy leads to increased production of SAA and hyaluronan, which act in concert to recruit and retain monocytes, thereby leading to local inflammation in adipose tissue.
Cough associated with captopril and enalapril. (1987)

Thirty three reports of cough associated with captopril and 26 associated with enalapril received by the New Zealand intensive medicines monitoring programme were reviewed. The programme is a specialised part of the New Zealand postmarketing surveillance system. Review of these reports showed that the cough was an adverse reaction to the drugs, occurred even with low dose treatment, and was severe enough to warrant withdrawal of the drugs in most of the cases reported. A significant sex difference was shown, with women predominating. The reaction seemed to be a greater problem with enalapril, and in seven patients it occurred with both captopril and enalapril. Withdrawal of treatment resulted in rapid recovery, and no long term effects were shown. The pathogenesis of the reaction is unknown, but possible mediators include bradykinin and prostaglandins.
Adaptive hypoxic tolerance in the subterranean mole rat <i>Spalax ehrenbergi</i>: the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (1999)

Spalax ehrenbergi has evolved adaptations that allow it to survive and carry out normal activities in a highly hypoxic environment. A key component of this adaptation is a higher capillary density in some Spalax tissues resulting in a shorter diffusion distance for oxygen. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor that is critical for angiogenesis during development and in response to tissue ischemia. We demonstrate here that VEGF expression is markedly increased in those Spalax tissues with a higher capillary density relative to the normal laboratory rat Rattus norvegicus. Upregulation of VEGF thus appears to be an additional mechanism by which Spalax has adapted to its hypoxic environment.
EVALUATION AND APPLICATIONS OF ODOR PROFILING (1986)

ABSTRACT An odor profiling procedure was developed based on the ASTM odor profiling method. This modified procedure involved using approximately twenty panelists. Panel sessions and data collection were controlled by computer. The results obtained by this panel compared favorably to results obtained by the ASTM panel for which 150 panelists evaluated each compound, indicating that a small panel can be used to produce replicable results. Statistical methods of finding similarities and dissimilarities among compounds using profile data are discussed and compared to results from a multidimensional scaling (MDS) study in which degrees of differences among compounds were judged directly. These results indicate that profile data can be used to define and map the degree of similarity/dissimilarity among compounds, as well as to define the sensory dimensions on which these compounds differ. The use of factor analysis to study the underlying sensory dimensions of the odor space is also discussed. It is hoped that this type of research will lead to a better understanding of the underlying dimensions used to describe odorants.
[Genetic aspects of diabetic retinopathy]. (1998)

Poor metabolic control, hemodynamic factors and long duration of diabetes may predispose to the development of diabetic retinopathy. Recently the hypothesis that genetic factors may play certain role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy has been also proposed. The angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been the main candidate gene predisposing to the development of diabetic retinopathy. One of its polymorphisms--insertion/deletion seems to be particularly associated with long-term diabetic complications. The HLA system genes, TNF-beta gene, IGF-1 gene and PAI-1 gene are the other candidate genes. If there would be strong evidence that genetic factors play certain role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic retinopathy, the high risk diabetics could be selected and the adequate prevention could be applied.
Syntheses and Characterization of Lithium Alkyl Mono- and Dicarbonates as Components of Surface Films in Li-Ion Batteries (2006)

A homologous series of lithium alkyl mono- and dicarbonate salts was synthesized as model reference compounds for the frequently proposed components constituting the electrolyte/electrode interface in Li-ion batteries. The physicochemical characterization of these reference compounds in the bulk state using thermal analyses and X-ray photoelectron, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies establishes a reliable database of comparison for the studies on the surface chemistry of electrodes harvested from Li-ion cells.
Personalized click model through collaborative filtering (2012)

Click modeling aims to interpret the users' search click data in order to predict their clicking behavior. Existing models can well characterize the position bias of documents and snippets in relation to users' mainstream click behavior. Yet, current advances depict users' search actions only in a general setting by implicitly assuming that all users act in the same way, regardless of the fact that anyone, motivated with some individual interest, is more likely to click on a link than others. It is in light of this that we put forward a novel personalized click model to describe the user-oriented click preferences, which applies and extends matrix / tensor factorization from the view of collaborative filtering to connect users, queries and documents together. Our model serves as a generalized personalization framework that can be incorporated to the previously proposed click models and, in many cases, to their future extensions. Despite the sparsity of search click data, our personalized model demonstrates its advantage over the best click models previously discussed in the Web-search literature, supported by our large-scale experiments on a real dataset. A delightful bonus is the model's ability to gain insights into queries and documents through latent feature vectors, and hence to handle rare and even new query-document pairs much better than previous click models.
ROSINA/DFMS and IES observations of 67P: Ion-neutral chemistry in the coma of a weakly outgassing comet (2015)

Context. The Rosetta encounter with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko provides a unique opportunity for an in situ, up-close investigation of ion-neutral chemistry in the coma of a weakly outgassing comet far from the Sun.
Energy analysis of hyperthermal hydrogen atoms generated through surface neutralisation of ions (2005)

Hydrogen ions (H+, H-2(+) and H-3(+)) are produced in a magnetically confined inductively coupled radio frequency plasma. Ions are accelerated in the plasma boundary sheath potential, of several hundred volts, in front of a biased metal electrode immersed in the plasma. Backscattered hyperthermal hydrogen atoms are investigated by optical emission spectroscopy and an energy-resolved mass spectrometer. Ionisation of fast neutrals through electron stripping of atoms in the plasma allows energy analysis of the resulting ions. Thereby, the energy distribution function of the hyperthermal atoms can be deduced. The energy spectra can be explained as a superposition of individual spectra of the various ion species. The measured spectra also shows contributions of negative ions created at the electrode surface. In addition to experimental measurements, simulations of the neutral flux of backscattered atoms are carried out.
CHOMP: Covariant Hamiltonian optimization for motion planning (2013)

In this paper, we present CHOMP (covariant Hamiltonian optimization for motion planning), a method for trajectory optimization invariant to reparametrization. CHOMP uses functional gradient techniques to iteratively improve the quality of an initial trajectory, optimizing a functional that trades off between a smoothness and an obstacle avoidance component. CHOMP can be used to locally optimize feasible trajectories, as well as to solve motion planning queries, converging to low-cost trajectories even when initialized with infeasible ones. It uses Hamiltonian Monte Carlo to alleviate the problem of convergence to high-cost local minima (and for probabilistic completeness), and is capable of respecting hard constraints along the trajectory. We present extensive experiments with CHOMP on manipulation and locomotion tasks, using seven-degree-of-freedom manipulators and a rough-terrain quadruped robot.
[Peripheral nerve regeneration under immunosuppression]. (2002)

Peripheral nerve injury may induce immunoreaction, which inhibit nerve regeneration and function recovery.
Specific Effect of Selenium Deficiency on Rat Sperm1 (1979)

Reproductive disorders in Se-deficient male rats from Se-adequate dams are described. After 4, 11 and 12 months on the Se-deficient (<0.02 ppm) diet, small, but sometimes significant, reductions in body and testicular weights were observed. Sperm morphology and motility appeared to be normal after the 4 month interval, but 50% of the animals in the 11 and 12 month interval groups produced sperm with impaired motility and a characteristic midpiece breakage. Because the morphologic anomaly does not appear to be correlated with effects on body and testicular weights, the effect of selenium on sperm is thought to be rather specific. The possible involvement of the Se-dependent enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in maintaining the integrity of the sperm membrane is discussed.