gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of Alginic Acid with Hypochlorite at Different Hydrogen Ion Concentrations<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of Alginic Acid with Hypochlorite at Different Hydrogen Ion Concentrations1Roy L. Whistler and Richard SchweigerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 21, 5701–5704Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01554a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01554a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of heteroduplex analysis, direct sequencing, and enzyme mismatch cleavage for detecting mutations in a large gene,FBN1 (1999)

Analysis of large genes for mutations of clinical relevance is complicated by intragenic heterogeneity, sensitivity, and cost of the methods available, and in the case of many conditions, specificity of the genetic alterations detected. We examined the FBN1 gene for mutations in people who had Marfan syndrome using three methods: single-chain polymorphism analysis (SSCP) with heteroduplex (HA) analysis, enzyme-mediated cleavage (EMC) of heteroduplexes, and direct sequencing. We also used these methods to search for mutations in the P53 gene in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The results showed that EMC was most efficient for detecting mutations. However, the cost favored SSCP with heteroduplex analysis, provided conditions did not need to be optimized to detect a mutation. Until more cost-effective and sensitive methods are developed to detect unknown mutations in large genes, diagnosis of many genetic disorders will depend on the willingness of an investigator who is studying a particular disorder to perform clinical molecular testing and have the laboratory accredited.
Chemical and physical properties of collagen implants influence their fate <i>in vivo</i> as evaluated by light and confocal microscopy (1994)

Porcine collagen membranes having a rough and a smooth side were used for subcutaneous implantation studies in rats. Two tanning protocols were used for the membranes, a new one involving microwaving and glutaraldehyde treatment (NEWGA), and the other, a conventional method using glutaraldehyde treatment at room temperature (OLDGA). Untreated membranes (NONGA) were also implanted. Sections of the implants were examined by light microscopy and with the confocal laser scanning microscope focusing on neovascularization and incorporation of the implant. At 64 days, the smooth sides of NEWGA and OLDGA implants were not well incorporated, with scarring subjacent to the surface and dystrophic calcification of that side of the membrane. At the same time, the rough sides of the NEWGA and OLDGA were not calcified with a giant cell reaction around the porcine collagen. The best incorporation was found in the NONGA membranes with no dystrophic calcification, excellent neovascularization of all layers, and complete remodeling at day 64. After 5 months, the completely remodeled NONGA membrane still could be identified, and the NEWGA and OLDGA membranes were calcified with a giant cell reaction having a dense fibrous capsule. It is concluded that if cross-linking is deemed necessary, the microwave cross-linking method is advisable because in the early stages there is less reactive inflammation around it, and the implant surfaces should be rough with an open structure, making calcification of cross-linked collagen unlikely.
Acellular Human Dermis Promotes Cultured Keratinocyte Engraftment (1997)

In full-thickness skin injury, loss of dermis may result in compromised wound repair, including contracture, hypertrophic scarring, and wound breakdown. This report examines the effect of an acellular dermal matrix on in vivo skin repair. Human keratinocytes cultured onto a synthetic hydrophilic dressing were applied with (N = 9) and without (N = 11) an acellular dermal matrix to full-thickness skin defects on athymic mice. Host cells progressively repopulated the acellular dermal component of the grafts. All animals with dermal matrix revealed fully differentiated epidermis by postoperative day 21. Human keratinocytes persisted in all animals grafted with dermal matrix, compared to only 63.6% of those animals without a dermal component. Planimetric analysis revealed significantly reduced wound contraction (p = 0.016) in animals receiving the dermal matrix. Histologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic analyses also were performed. These studies suggest that an acellular dermal matrix can effectively direct regeneration of normal skin morphology.
BRAIDS, LINK POLYNOMIALS AND A NEW ALGEBRA (1990)

A class function on the braid group is derived from the Kauffman link invariant. This function is used to construct representations of the braid groups depending on 2 parameters. The decomposition of the corresponding algebras into irreducible components is given and it is shown how they are related to Jones' algebras and to Brauer's centralizer algebras. In [J,3] Vaughan Jones announced the discovery of a new polynomial invariant of knots and links, which bore many similarities to the classical Alexander polynomial, but was seen to detect properties of a link which could not be detected by the Alexander invariants. The discovery was a real surprise, one of those exciting moments in mathematics when two seemingly unrelated disciplines turn out to have deep interconnections. The discovery came about in the following way. Jones' earlier contributions in the area of Operator Algebras had produced, in [J,1], a family of algebras An(t), t E C, indexed by the natural numbers n = 1 , 2, 3, . .. , and equipped with a trace function T: An(t) -C. His algebra An(t) was a quotient of the well-known Hecke algebra of the symmetric group, which we denote by 2 (1, m) to delineate our particular 2-parameter version of it. Jones had discovered, in [J,2], that there were representations of Artin's braid group Bn in the algebra An(t), in fact there were maps Bn 0 Atn(m A(t) from Bn into the multiplicative group of An (t) which factored through Links enter the picture via braids. Each oriented link L in oriented S3 can be represented by a (nonunique) element fl in some braid group Bn. There is an equivalence relation on B = H0= Bn known as Markov equivalence, which determines a 1-1 correspondence between equivalence classes [fl] E B and isotopy types of the associated oriented links Lfl. Jones' discovery was that with a small renormalization his trace function on A o(t) = Hln=l An(t) could be made into a function which lifted to an invariant on Markov classes Received by the editors December 9, 1987. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 57M25; Secondary 20F29, 20C07. The work of the first author was supported in part by NSF grant #DMS-8503758. The work of the second author was supported in part by NSF grant #DMS-8510816. ? 1989 American Mathematical Society 0002-9947/89 $1.00 + $.25 per page
The Nature of the Heisenberg-von Neumann Cut: Enhanced Orthodox Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (2019)

We examine the issue of the Heisenberg-von Neumann cut in light of recent interpretations of quantum eraser experiments which indicate the possibility of a universal Observer outside space-time at an information level of existence. The delayed-choice aspects of observation, measurement, the role of the observer, and information in the quantum framework of the universe are discussed. While traditional double-slit experiments are usually interpreted as indicating that the collapse of the wave function involves choices by an individual observer in space-time, the extension to quantum eraser experiments brings in some additional subtle aspects relating to the role of observation and what constitutes an observer. Access to, and the interpretation of, information outside space and time may be involved. This directly ties to the question of where the Heisenberg-von Neumann cut is located and what its nature is. Our model is an interpretation which we term the Enhanced Orthodox Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. It does not contradict the standard orthodox interpretation, but we believe it extends it by approaching von Neumann’s work in a new way. The Enhanced Orthodox Interpretation accepts the presence of a universal Observer, retaining the importance of observation augmented by the role of information. There is a possibility that individual observers making choices in space and time are actually aspects of the universal Observer, a state masked by assumptions about individual human minds that may need further development and re-examination.
Femtosecond linear dichroism of DNA-intercalating chromophores: Solvation and charge separation dynamics of [Ru(phen)<sub>2</sub>dppz]<sup>2+</sup>systems (2000)

The DNA-intercalating chromophore [Ru(phen)(2)dppz](2+) has unique photophysical properties, the most striking of which is the "light-switch" characteristic when binding to DNA. As a dimer, it acts as a molecular staple for DNA, exhibiting a remarkable double-intercalating topology. Herein, we report femtosecond dynamics of the monomeric and the covalently linked dimeric chromophores, both free in aqueous solution and complexed with DNA. Transient absorption and linear dichroism show the electronic relaxation to the lowest metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (CT) state, and subpicosecond kinetics have been observed for this chromophore for what is, to our knowledge, the first time. We observe two distinct relaxation processes in aqueous solution with time constants of 700 fs and 4 ps. Interestingly, these two time constants are very similar to those observed for the reorientational modes of bulk water. The 700-fs process involves a major dichroism change. We relate these observations to the change in charge distribution and to the time scales involved in solvation of the CT state. Slower processes, with lifetimes of approximately 7 and 37 ps, were observed for both monomer and dimer when bound to DNA. Such a difference can be ascribed to the change of the structural and electronic relaxation experienced in the DNA intercalation pocket. Finally, the recombination lifetime of the final metal-to-ligand CT state to the ground state, which is a key in the light-switch process, is found in aqueous solution to be sensitive to structural modification, ranging from 260 ps for [Ru(phen)(2)dppz](2+) and 360 ps for the monomer chromophore derivative to 2.0 ns for the dimer. This large change reflects the direct role of solvation in the light-switch process.
A novel I/Q mismatch compensation scheme for a low-IF receiver front-end (2004)

Any quadrature IF front-end inherently suffers from mismatch between its I and Q paths. This results in an image rejection degradation, thus decreasing the dynamic range. In this paper, a novel mismatch compensation scheme for a low-IF receiver, but also suitable to many other quadrature front-ends, is proposed. With this approach, gain and phase imbalance corrections result independently from simply two gain adjustments. This allows an analog realization, therefore avoiding costly DSP implementation. In order to compute the wanted compensation gains, an LMS-type adaptive algorithm is also proposed. Its robustness and stability are investigated by extensive simulations.
Brain Dialysis: In Vivo Metabolism of Dopamine and Serotonin by Monoamine Oxidase A but Not B in the Striatum of Unrestrained Rats (1986)

A dialysis cannula was implanted into rat striatum while the animals were anesthetized, and the area was perfused with Ringer solution while the animals were unanesthetized after at least 3 days following surgery. Concentrations of the metabolites of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the perfusate were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Levels of the DA metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the perfusate significantly decreased after pargyline administration (50 mg/kg i.p.), which may inhibit not only monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B but also MAO-A in these high doses. The level of the 5-HT metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) also decreased after pargyline treatment, although change in the relative level of 5-HIAA was less than that of DOPAC or HVA. To clarify the mechanisms for the metabolism of monoamines in rat striatum, highly specific MAO-A and -B inhibitors were used in the following experiments. Treatment with l-deprenyl (10 mg/kg), a specific inhibitor for MAO-B, did not cause any statistically significant change in DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA levels. No significant change was found in rat striatal homogenates at 2 h after the same treatment with l-deprenyl. In contrast, low-dose treatment (1 mg/kg) with clorgyline, a specific inhibitor for MAO-A, caused a significant decrease in levels of these three metabolites in both the perfusates and tissue homogenates. In addition to the above three metabolites, the level of 3-methoxytyramine, which is an indicator of the amount of DA released, greatly increased after treatment with a low dose (1 mg/kg) of clorgyline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Using Poly(4-Styrene Sulfonic Acid) to Improve the Dispersion Homogeneity of Aqueous-Processed LiFePO[sub 4] Cathodes (2010)

The dispersion properties of aqueous lithium iron phosphate slurries and the electrochemical properties of the corresponding as-prepared cathodes with the addition of a dispersant, poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA), have been investigated. The influence of PSSA on the dispersion behaviors of and conductive agents, graphite and carbon black, in aqueous suspensions are explored by the analyses of zeta-potential and rheology. The results show that the PSSA adsorbs onto the and conductive agents so that they can be electrosterically stabilized in aqueous suspensions. Through the observation using a scanning electron microscope, it is shown that the homogeneity and dispersion of the composition distributed in the electrode sheet are significantly improved with increasing content of PSSA. However, an excess addition of PSSA is detrimental to the electronic conduction and the electrical capacity of the cathode. To obtain a homogeneous electrode with a good cell performance, the optima content of PSSA is suggested to be 2.0 wt % based on the weight.
Immiscible-Liquid-Cooled, Fluid-Fuel Reactor (1955)

A central station power fluid fuel reactor has been designed in which heat is removed by direct contact of the fuel with an immiscible coolant. Object of this design is to minimize fuel holdup outside the reactor core by utilizing the excellent heat transfer characteristics of direct contact cooling.
Role of Heterogeneity in the Chemical and Mechanical Shock-Response of Nickel and Aluminum Powder Mixtures (2007)

The design of non-classical materials, such as multifunctional energetic materials and/or the synthesis of high pressure phases rely on the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for shock-induced reactions in powder mixtures. The critical reactant powder configurational changes and mechanical mixing processes necessary for reaction initiation have yet to be determined. Consequently, shock-induced reactions have only been observed in select material systems under certain conditions, and remain an uncontrolled phenomenon. Shock-induced reactions in nickel and aluminum powder mixtures are investigated in this work through the use of instrumented gas-gun experiments performing time-resolved pressure and shock velocity measurements to determine the pressure-volume (P-V) shock compressibility (Hugoniot) of the mixture, from which evidence of reaction is inferred through deviations from the inert shock response calculated on the basis of mixture theory. The role of particle size and morphology on non-diffusional mixing and chemical reactivity is explored by conducting similar tests on micron-scale powders of spherical and plate-like (flake) shape. Recovery experiments performed just below the reaction threshold provide information about the densification and mixing behavior between reactants. Discrete-component numerical simulations of the shock-compression of powder mixtures are performed to reveal the micromechanics of particle deformation, and mechanisms of mass-flow and mixing that can lead to the formation of reaction products. The results obtained from time-resolved measurements, recovery experiments, and numerical simulations are coupled to model the linkages between starting powder configuration, mechanically-driven mixing, and chemical reactivity. The knowledge gained from this investigation will lead to understanding of reaction mechanisms, and the control over reaction initiation threshold, time and exothermicity, in addition to characteristics of reaction products formed. The scientific understanding attained will advance the design and application of multifunctional materials for next generation energetic applications, and/or the synthesis of novel materials.
Asymmetric, stereocontrolled total synthesis of (-)-brevianamide B (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric, stereocontrolled total synthesis of (-)-brevianamide BRobert M. Williams, Tomasz Glinka, Ewa Kwast, Hazel Coffman, and James K. StilleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 2, 808–821Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00158a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00158a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2392Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Studies on Viscoelastic Behavior of Fluid Coatings (I) (1990)

PCM塗料のロールコーター塗装でのピックァップ作業性と塗液の動的粘弾性特性の関連性について検討した。検討試料は, 高加工用ポリエステル, 市販PCM用ポリエステル, 一般用アルキド樹脂を用い, チタン白を分散した塗料である。各塗料を一定の粘度 (従来通りの塗装粘度) に希釈し, リバースロールコーターでピックアップ作業性を評価した。一方, この試料について, 動的粘弾性特性 (動的弾性率G′, 損失弾性率G′′) を周波数に対して測定し, ピックアップ作業性との対応関係を観察した。その結果, ピックアップ作業適性を支配する塗料の粘弾性特性は, 動的弾性率G′であり, 特に低周波数領域 (200sec-1以下) の動的弾性率G′が重要であることが判明した。つまり, その動的弾性率G′が増大すると, ピックアップ作業適性は向上することが明らかとなった。
LTfLL - D6.1: Social and informal learning support design (2008)

Monachesi, P., Westerhout, E., Markus, T., Trausan-Matu, S., Posea, V., Simov, K., &\nOsenova, P. (2009). LTfLL - D6.2 Social and informal learning support design. LTfLL-project.
Passive linear nanoscale optical and molecular electronics device synthesis from nanoparticles (2010)

Arrays of nanoparticles whose interactions can be characterized by hopping Hamiltonians can serve as excitation transmission lines. Here we show, that in addition suitable arrangements of nanoparticles can form beam splitters, phase shifters, and crossover splitters. With these elements, any discrete unitary transformation can be implemented on input modes via a network of nanoparticles in which all the components lie in the same plane. These nanoparticle networks can produce optical functionalities at a length scale much smaller than 1 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$.
Evaluating cancer statistics (1994)

Since 1967, the January/February issue of CA has contained a cancer statistics article with data prepared by the American Cancer Society's Department of Epidemiology and Statistics. Mr. Garfinkel, the former Vice President for Epidemiology and Statistics and Director of Cancer Prevention for the American Cancer Society, provides his insight to evaluate the trends that illustrate how much has already been accomplished in cancer control.
Enhanced Image Mapping Algorithm for Computer-Generated Integral Imaging System (2006)

An enhanced image mapping algorithm is proposed for a real-time computer-generated (CG) integral imaging system. The proposed algorithm, viewpoint vector rendering, can be easily adapted to generate a set of elemental images from complex three-dimensional (3D) objects and is less affected by system factors and object image quality than previous methods. In addition, it can support all the display modes of the integral imaging system. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed approach are verified and analyzed through rendering experiments. Using this technique, it is possible to realize an interactive CG integral imaging system which can be applied to virtual reality.
New Transient Electrical Polarization Phenomenon in Sawtooth Superlattices (1983)

Theory and experimental evidence of a new transient polarization phenomenon, unique to sawtooth superlattices, are presented. This effect is the consequence of the lack of reflection symmetry in these structures and can be used for the implementation of a new class of high-speed, displacement current photodetectors.
PCR for Specific Detection of H7 Flagellar Variant of <i>fliC</i> among Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2001)

A newly developed PCR-based assay for the H7 variant of the Escherichia coli flagellin gene, fliC, was 100% sensitive and specific in comparison with serology and probe hybridization. It revealed broad conservation of the H7 fliC variant among phylogenetically diverse lineages of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and superseded serotyping for certain isolates with ambiguous or non-H7 serotyping results. The H7 primers functioned well when incorporated into a multiplex PCR assay for diverse virulence-associated genes of ExPEC.