gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized 3D endoscopic imaging system (2003)

Our objective is to develop a 3D endoscopic system which can be used to evaluate physical characteristics, such as perimeter and depth of objects. We describe here our dual-channel endoscopic system which relies on the structured light (SL) technology to project structured light and generate feature points on the imaged object for the measurement of surface profile. Using a modified pin-hole camera model the imaging and projection channels of the endoscope were calibrated and the distortions of both channels were corrected. Analysis of the imaged object gives the 3D surface points after establishing correspondence and triangulation. We report on the initial performance of this system on objects of known geometries. The results demonstrate the potential of the technology in clinical applications.
Sequence-Based Screening for a Putative γ-Butyrobetaine Hydroxylase Gene from Neurospora crassa (2006)

The last step in L-carnitine biosynthesis in eukaryotic organisms is mediated by γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.1), a dioxygenase that converts γ-butyrobetaine to L-carnitine. This enzyme was previously identified from rat liver and humans, and the peptide sequence of human γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase was used to search the Neurospora crassa genome database, which led to an identification of an open reading frame (ORF) consisting of 1,407 bp encoding a polypeptide of 468 amino acids. When this protein was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the crude cell-free extract exhibited γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase activity.
A novel robust nonlinear motion controller with disturbance observer (2006)

In this paper, a novel robust nonlinear motion controller with disturbance observer (DOB) for positioning control of a nonlinear single-input-single-output (SISO) mechanical system is proposed. The controller is designed in a backstepping manner. At the first step, a PI controller is designed to stabilize the position error. Then at the second step, a novel robust nonlinear velocity controller with DOB is designed to stabilize the velocity error. By using some elegant nonlinear damping terms, the input-to-state stability (ISS) property of the overall nonlinear control system is proved, which leads to a major contribution of construction of a theoretically guaranteed robust nonlinear controller with DOB for the first time in the literature. The performance of the proposed controller is verified through application to a magnetic levitation system. Comparative studies with an adaptive robust nonlinear controller are also carried out. It is shown that the proposed novel controller while being simple is superior over the adaptive robust nonlinear controller for the experimental setup under study
Attention Mechanism Cloud Detection With Modified FCN for Infrared Remote Sensing Images (2021)

Semantic segmentation (SS) has been widely applied for cloud detection (CD) in remote sensing images (RSIs) with high spatial and spectral resolution because of its effective pixel-level feature extraction structure. However, the typical model of lightweight SS, namely the fully convolutional network (FCN) with only seven layers, has difficulty in extracting high-level features, and the heavy pyramid scene parsing network (PSPNet) with complicated calculations is not practical in real-time CD, let alone on-orbit CD. So, in view of the problems above, we propose a compact attention mechanism cloud detection network (AM-CDN) based on the modified FCN to refine and fuse the multi-scale features for on-orbit CD. Specifically, taking the FCN as the baseline, our model increases the numbers of hidden layers and adds the residual connections between the input and output to eliminate the network degradation and extract the advanced context feature maps effectively. To expand the receptive field without losing the spatial information, the ordinary convolutions in FCN are replaced by the dilated convolution in AM-CDN. And inspired by the selective kernels of human vision, we introduce the convolutional attention mechanism (AM) into the encoder to adaptively adjust the receptive field to highlight the key texture features. According to experimental results using Landsat-8 infrared RSIs, the accuracy of the proposed CD method is 95.31%, which is 10.17% higher than that of FCN. And the calculation complexity of AM-CDN is only 7.63% of that of PSPNet.
Sendai viral pneumonia in aged BALB/c mice (1994)

Sendai virus (SV) infection in aged BALB/c mice was evaluated as a natural model for age-associated susceptibility to viral pneumonia. Young (2 month-old) and aged (22-24 month-old) BALB/c mice were inoculated intranasally with 100 median pneumonia doses (PD50) of SV and examined at 6, 10, and 20 days by virus titration, immunohistochemistry, histopathology, and serology. The aged mice had significantly higher virus titers in lung, prolonged infection, delayed development, and resolution of pneumonia and significantly lower serum antibody titers. In a second experiment, the responses of young mice were compared to intermediate-aged mice (11-13 and 17-18 months old). The intermediate-aged mice had some characteristics of young mice and others of aged mice. The results indicate that SV infection can be used to study aging-associated susceptibility to a pneumotropic virus in a natural host, and that susceptibility of mice to viral pneumonia increases gradually during aging.
Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI <sup>®</sup> ): Biological and Histological Assessment (2007)

Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) has been a treatment of cartilage injury since 2000, but little is known of the histological paradigm of tissue regeneration after implantation. MACI is a stable cell-based delivery system that enables the regeneration of hyaline-like cartilage. From a cohort of 56 MACI patients, we examined the phenotype of chondrocytes seeded on type I/III collagen scaffold, and conducted progressive histologic assessment over a period of 6 months. Chondrocyte-seeded collagen scaffolds from patient implants were analyzed by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry (type II collagen and S-100), and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (aggrecan and type II collagen). Coincidental cartilage biopsies were obtained at 48 hours, 21 days, 6 months, 8 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months. Our data showed that chondrocytes on the collagen scaffold appeared spherical, well integrated into the matrix, and maintained the chondrocyte phenotype as evidenced by aggrecan, type II collagen, and S-100 expression. Progressive histologic evaluation of the biopsies showed the formation of cartilage-like tissue as early as 21 days, and 75% hyaline-like cartilage regeneration after 6 months. This preliminary study has suggested that MACI may offer an improved alternative to traditional treatments for cartilage injury by regenerating hyaline-like cartilage as early as 6 months after surgery.
Introduction of Cultural Elements in College English Intensive Reading Course (2007)

This paper first introduces the Intensive Reading (IR) course and the present situation of college English teaching. And then it discusses the feasibility of introducing cultural elements to non-English majors. Finally several approaches to introducing cultural elements both in and outside college English IR course are dealt with on the characteristics of this course.
Nanoporous Gold Ribbons with Bimodal Channel Size Distributions by Chemical Dealloying of Al−Au Alloys (2009)

We present a novel and simple strategy to synthesize nanoporous gold (NPG) ribbons with bimodal channel size distributions. The NPG ribbons can be fabricated from Al−Au alloys through rapid solidification and chemical dealloying. The microstructure of these NPG ribbons was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. These NPG ribbons are composed of large-sized channels (hundreds of nanometers) with highly porous channel walls (tens of nanometers). Both large- and small-sized channels are 3D, open, and bicontinuous. The length scales of the large-sized channels can be modulated by changing the alloy composition, and those of small ligaments/channels in the channel walls can be tuned by changing the dealloying solution.
Fast multi-stage VQ search for the BTC-VQ algorithm (2002)

Block truncation coding (BTC) is a simple fast image compression algorithm with a low compression rate of 2 bits-pel. Vector quantization of the BTC outputs can reduce the bit-rate to 1 bit/pel but then the computating time becomes very large. This paper describes a multi-stage VQ algorithm which substantially reduces the time required.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Resolution of Recurrent Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Proteinuria after Rituximab Treatment (2006)

load and a panoply of poorly understood options.
A Graph Drawing Based Spatial Mapping Algorithm for Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architectures (2009)

Recently coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures (CGRAs) have drawn increasing attention due to their efficiency and flexibility. While many CGRAs have demonstrated impressive performance improvements, the effectiveness of CGRA platforms ultimately hinges on the compiler. Existing CGRA compilers do not model the details of the CGRA, and thus they are i) unable to map applications, even though a mapping exists, and ii) using too many processing elements (PEs) to map an application. In this paper, we model several CGRA details, e.g., irregular CGRA topologies, shared resources and routing PEs in our compiler and develop a graph drawing based approach, split-push kernel mapping (SPKM), for mapping applications onto CGRAs. On randomly generated graphs our technique can map on average 4.5times more applications than the previous approach, while generating mappings which have better qualities in terms of utilized CGRA resources. Utilizing fewer resources is directly translated into increased opportunities for novel power and performance optimization techniques. Our technique shows less power consumption in 71 cases and shorter execution cycles in 66 cases out of 100 synthetic applications, with minimum mapping time overhead. We observe similar results on a suite of benchmarks collected from Livermore loops, Mediabench, Multimedia, Wavelet and DSPStone benchmarks. SPKM is not a customized algorithm only for a specific CGRA template, and it is demonstrated by exploring various PE interconnection topologies and shared resource configurations with SPKM.
An evaluation of local autonomy applied to teleoperated vehicles in underground mines (2010)

Autonomous vehicles are being increasingly introduced in the mining industry. While these may offer high safety and high productivity, fully autonomous solutions are not always applicable or economically viable. Teleoperation is an attractive option, since it increases safety and comfort of the drivers. Unfortunately, the difficulty to operate the vehicle remotely often results in reduced productivity. In this paper, we show that techniques from the field of mobile robotics can be used to mitigate this problem. We extend a commercial teleoperation system for use in underground mines with a local autonomy functionality, with the main purpose to evaluate if the achieved productivity improvement motivates development of general algorithms and a fully commercial implementation. We then describe a user study performed in an underground mine with a 38 tonne articulated wheel loader, which proves that local autonomy gives a significant improvement in productivity of the teleoperation system, while retaining or even reducing the maintenance costs.
Imparting recognition sites in poly(HEMA) for two compounds through molecular imprinting (1999)

So far, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been synthesized and evaluated as selective matrices for single components. It may be possible to impart multiple recognition sites in MIPs, which could be used as elements capable of binding more than one component. Such systems could advantageously be used in the design of sensors having the ability to sense more than one compound at a time. This communication discusses such a possibility by imprinting sites for two model compounds, namely, salicylic acid and hydrocortisone in poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate). © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1823–1826, 1999
Precise ranging and simultaneous high speed data transfer using mm-wave regenerative active backscatter tags (2013)

For precise ranging in dense indoor RFID applications, a large absolute bandwidth is required for effective multipath suppression. Since the bandwidth of UHF systems is severely restricted, we propose mm-wave tags combined with high volume data storage and high speed data transfer (≫10 MBit/s) as an attractive alternative - in short range (1-10 m) augmented reality and multimedia applications, for example. A regenerative active backscatter tag based on a pulsed injection-locked oscillator is suggested in order to achieve a sufficiently high reader SNR for high bandwidth communication. This paper demonstrates that a 34.3-34.8 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) RFID ranging approach can be integrated seamlessly with simultaneous data transmission from the modulated active backscatter tag to the reader at 37.5 MBit/s. Mutual distortions between FMCW ranging and data transmission are prevented by line encoding and quadrature mixing.
Data Hiding and Watermarking in JPEG Compressed Domain by DC Coefficient Modification (2000)

JPEG is a common image format in the WWW and can potentially be used to hide data for secure internet communication and watermark for copyright control. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to embed the secret or watermark information. The proposed algorithm, named Watermarking by DC Coefficients Modification (WDCM), assumes that the quality factor used in JPEG compression is known. We observe that it is perceptually undetectable if the DC coefficients in certain texture-rich blocks are modified by a small amount. We thus embed the secret information as a binary bit sequence in the quantized DC coefficients in those texture rich blocks. The watermark embedding process can be applied in compression domain without re-encode the data. The information bits are randomized by some pseudo-random noise (PN) sequences, the keys of which are needed for the decoding of the secret information. By embedding the information in the DC components, the proposed algorithm is robust to common JPEG compression if the quality factor is known. 1.
Recombinant Squalene Synthase. Synthesis of Cyclopentyl Non-Head-to-Tail Triterpenes (2009)

Incubation of farnesyl diphosphate with recombinant yeast squalene synthase in the absence of NADPH gives a mixture of triterpene hydrocarbons and alcohols, including botryococcene-like compounds with 1'-3 linkages between the farnesyl units. One of these molecules has an unusual cyclopentane structure similar to those recently reported in plant extracts and lakebed sediments.
Monoclonal Antibody Against a Human Sperm Protein Recognizes Multiple Epitopes on Rabbit and Human Sperm and Blocks Sperm Function (1993)

A monoclonal antibody was raised against a human sperm protein of apparent molecular size of 40 kDa. Of the 6 hybridoma clones selected for study, one clone (B-12) was chosen for further investigations. The antibody secreted by the clone agglutinated human and rabbit spermatozoa in vitro. The antibody belonged to IgM class. In indirect immunofluorescence studies this antibody reacted to acrosome of living human and rabbit spermatozoa. On fixed sperm of the same species it recognized midpiece and parts of tail along with the acrosome. Mouse, hamster, guinea pig, monkey and rat sperm showed similar localization. Interaction between rabbit sperm and oocyte was inhibited in vitro by this antibody. On western blots of human and rabbit sperm extracts the antibody recognized more than one epitope.
Plasmalogen synthesis is regulated via alkyl‐dihydroxyacetonephosphate‐synthase by amyloid precursor protein processing and is affected in Alzheimer’s disease (2011)

Lipids play an important role as risk or protective factors in Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by amyloid plaques composed of aggregated amyloid-beta. Plasmalogens are major brain lipids and controversially discussed to be altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and whether changes in plasmalogens are cause or consequence of AD pathology. Here, we reveal a new physiological function of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in plasmalogen metabolism. The APP intracellular domain was found in vivo and in vitro to increase the expression of the alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate-synthase (AGPS), a rate limiting enzyme in plasmalogen synthesis. Alterations in APP dependent changes of AGPS expression result in reduced protein and plasmalogen levels. Under the pathological situation of AD, increased amyloid-beta level lead to increased reactive oxidative species production, reduced AGPS protein and plasmalogen level. Accordingly, phosphatidylethanol plasmalogen was decreased in the frontal cortex of AD compared to age matched controls. Our findings elucidate that plasmalogens are decreased as a consequence of AD and regulated by APP processing under physiological conditions.
MONITORING OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE IN CITIES AND ITS FRINGE AREAS THROUGH REMOTE SENSING. (2001)

With rapid growth of urban population there has been continuous accretion in number and size of urban centers both demographically and spatially. Provision of urban infrastructure has, however, not kept pace with increasing size of towns and cities. As a result burgeoning urban areas are putting strain on the already scant infrastructure leading to a point of collapse. Large urban centers, although considered to be generator of economic momentum, display a picture of squalor and unhygienic conditions. Traditionally in India, urban local bodies and parastatal agencies have generally been providing urban infrastructure as part of social and welfare services. Of late the concept and techniques for provision, delivery, operation and maintenance of urban infrastructure have changed considerably. It is increasingly being felt that government alone with limited budgetary resources would not be in a position to make up the galloping backlog in urban infrastructure services which are also required to be improved, augmented and upgraded to meet the emerging needs of urban areas.
Nutritional assessment of elderly populations : measure and function (1995)

Examines the result of studies such as the Boston Nutritional Status Survey and the EURONUT-SENECA study by using biochemical measurements to assess nutritional status in elderly populations. The focus is on correlating biochemical measures of nutrition with function and health in the elderly.
Jet Injection of Insulin vs the Syringe-and-Needle Method (1966)

A new technique of injecting insulin without a needle employs a jet injector to administer a high-pressure stream of medication. This method causes very little pain and affords great accuracy, ease of administration, and safety. The medication is more widely diffused in the body by jet injection than by the needle-and-syringe technique. The control of blood sugar (with similar doses of insulin) achieved by the two techniques is similar, and their effect on local tissues is also similar. In the patients studied, jet injection appeared to be a very satisfactory method of administering insulin and has met with good patient-acceptance. Jet injection is also a useful method for the visually handicapped.
Homoazanicotine:  A Structure-Affinity Study for Nicotinic Acetylcholine (nACh) Receptor Binding (2002)

We have recently identified 3-[(1-methyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]pyridine (homoazanicotine, 8) as a novel nicotinic acetylcholinergic (nACh) receptor ligand. In the present investigation, after we determined that 8 binds selectively at nicotinic (K(i) = 7.8 nM) vs muscarinic (K(i) > 10,000 nM) acetylcholinergic receptors, we examined its structure-affinity relationships for nACh receptor binding. The features investigated included the influence of (i) the composition of connector that separates the two rings, (ii) the N-methyl group, (iii) the ring opening of the imidazoline ring, (iv) the pyridine nitrogen atom, and (v) the aromatization of the imidazoline ring on nACh receptor affinity. As with nicotine, the parent structure seems optimal and most structural changes reduce nACh receptor affinity. Also, as with nicotine analogues, alteration of the spacer group influences affinity in a manner that is somewhat different than that seen with the parent structure.
The Choice of Enzyme for Human Pancreas Digestion Is a Critical Factor for Increasing the Success of Islet Isolation (2015)

Liberase MTF C/T is superior to Liberase HI and Collagenase NB1/NP in terms of digestion efficacy and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion <i>in vitro</i>. Moreover, Liberase MTF C/T had a significantly higher success rate of transplantation in diabetic NOD Scid mice compared to Liberase HI and Collagenase NB1/NP enzymes.
Arterial CO<sub>2</sub> as a Potent Coronary Vasodilator: A Preclinical PET/MR Validation Study with Implications for Cardiac Stress Testing (2017)

Myocardial blood flow (MBF) is the critical determinant of cardiac function. However, its response to increases in partial pressure of arterial CO<sub>2</sub> (PaCO<sub>2</sub>), particularly with respect to adenosine, is not well characterized because of challenges in blood gas control and limited availability of validated approaches to ascertain MBF in vivo. <b>Methods:</b> By prospectively and independently controlling PaCO<sub>2</sub> and combining it with <sup>13</sup>N-ammonia PET measurements, we investigated whether a physiologically tolerable hypercapnic stimulus (∼25 mm Hg increase in PaCO<sub>2</sub>) can increase MBF to that observed with adenosine in 3 groups of canines: without coronary stenosis, subjected to non-flow-limiting coronary stenosis, and after preadministration of caffeine. The extent of effect on MBF due to hypercapnia was compared with adenosine. <b>Results:</b> In the absence of stenosis, mean MBF under hypercapnia was 2.1 ± 0.9 mL/min/g and adenosine was 2.2 ± 1.1 mL/min/g; these were significantly higher than at rest (0.9 ± 0.5 mL/min/g, <i>P</i> < 0.05) and were not different from each other (<i>P</i> = 0.30). Under left-anterior descending coronary stenosis, MBF increased in response to hypercapnia and adenosine (<i>P</i> < 0.05, all territories), but the effect was significantly lower than in the left-anterior descending coronary territory (with hypercapnia and adenosine; both <i>P</i> < 0.05). Mean perfusion defect volumes measured with adenosine and hypercapnia were significantly correlated (<i>R</i> = 0.85) and were not different (<i>P</i> = 0.12). After preadministration of caffeine, a known inhibitor of adenosine, resting MBF decreased; and hypercapnia increased MBF but not adenosine (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> Arterial blood CO<sub>2</sub> tension when increased by 25 mm Hg can induce MBF to the same level as a standard dose of adenosine. Prospectively targeted arterial CO<sub>2</sub> has the capability to evolve as an alternative to current pharmacologic vasodilators used for cardiac stress testing.