gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long‐term stability of jaw bone tuberosities formed by “guided tissue regeneration” (1999)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether bone tuberosities produced by GTR on the lateral surface of the mandibular ramus in rats are stable on a long-term basis. Thirty male 6-month-old albino rats of the Wistar strain were used in the study. Tissue flaps were elevated on the lateral aspect of the mandibular ramus. The periosteum was preserved (P+) on one side of the jaw while the bone was denuded (P-) on the other. A rigid, non-porous oval-shaped teflon capsule was placed on both sides with its opening facing the ramus. Six months following surgery, 10 rats were sacrificed and prepared for histology while the remaining 20 rats were subjected to a second operation during which the capsules were removed. Standardized radiographs, taken immediately before and after removal of the capsule and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, were subjected to planimetric measurements and subtraction radiography. Ten animals were sacrificed and prepared for histological analysis after 6 months following removal of the capsules and the remaining 10 animals after 12 months. Histology revealed that at 6 months after the placement of the capsules, 17 were completely filled with new bone. The remaining 3 capsules which were displaced exhibited only partial bone fill. The radiographic analysis revealed that after 6 months 98.6 +/- 7.6% (mean +/- SD) in average of the cross-sectional area created by the capsules was filled with new bone. Within 3 months after removal of the capsules a slight resorption of the new bone had occurred, thereby reducing the area of the bone tuberosities by 4 to 8%. No further resorption of the bone tuberosities took place from 3 to 12 months. These observations indicating that new bone produced by GTR is stable on a long-term basis, may question the general belief that non-functional bone will resorb over time.
Content Distribution Technique with in Virtual Organization(VO) based peering CONTENT Delivery Network (2010)

Content Delivery Network (CDN) is a system where computers networked together across the Internet. Contents (especially large media content) are replicated from the origin server to cache servers scattered over the world in order to deliver content to end users in a reliable and timely manner. Cooperation and coordination among them can solve many problems of a particular CDN and is achieved by Virtual Organization (VO). We tried to define an efficient content distribution technique for VO based CDN which is Similar Content Distribution Technique. Implementing this solution within VO will be able to increase performance by providing higher data transfer rate.
Addressing, bridging, and source routing (LAN interconnection) (1988)

The concept of source routing for the interconnection of local networks is described. An architectural framework is provided to emphasize the principal advantages inherent with such a bridging mechanism. Motivation for this form of routing is shown to be a consequence of the address structure within the local network standards that have been adopted by IEEE, the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA), and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). As with many internetworking protocols, the use of a qualified address structure allows a more efficient routing mechanism. The physical address of a station, although not explicitly present in each transmitted frame, is implied by its attachment to a specific segment of the local network. This subtle point relative to local network addressing provides the foundation for the incorporation of source routing protocols.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
BiologicalNetworks: visualization and analysis tool for systems biology (2006)

Systems level investigation of genomic scale information requires the development of truly integrated databases dealing with heterogeneous data, which can be queried for simple properties of genes or other database objects as well as for complex network level properties, for the analysis and modelling of complex biological processes. Towards that goal, we recently constructed PathSys, a data integration platform for systems biology, which provides dynamic integration over a diverse set of databases [Baitaluk et al. (2006) BMC Bioinformatics 7, 55]. Here we describe a server, BiologicalNetworks, which provides visualization, analysis services and an information management framework over PathSys. The server allows easy retrieval, construction and visualization of complex biological networks, including genome-scale integrated networks of protein-protein, protein-DNA and genetic interactions. Most importantly, BiologicalNetworks addresses the need for systematic presentation and analysis of high-throughput expression data by mapping and analysis of expression profiles of genes or proteins simultaneously on to regulatory, metabolic and cellular networks. BiologicalNetworks Server is available at http://brak.sdsc.edu/pub/BiologicalNetworks.
Advanced Digital Manufacturing Techniques (CAM) in Architecture (2007)

Building projects today are not only born out digitally, but they are also realized digitally through “file-to-factory” processes of computer aided manufacturing (CAM) and computer numerically controlled (CNC) technologies. It was the challenge of constructability that brought into question, what new instruments of practice are needed to take advantage of the opportunities opened up by the digital modes of production, instead of whether a particular form is buildable. In this case of building construction, architects could design with attention to innovative details, afforded by unique shapes and sizes, knowing that whatever they created on their computer screen could be fabricated digitally for an affordable price. The aims of the research are to discuss and analyze the digital manufacturing techniques (CAM) in architecture and its fabrication, production process. To understand how these technologies fit within a broader context of architectural practice. The research begins with defining, what is digital manufacturing in architecture, its potentials, components and influences in the contemporary architecture. Further more it discusses the digital fabrication, Two- dimensional cutting, subtractive fabrication, additive fabrication and formative fabrication. The assembly technique, building skin, new materials and mass- customization in digital manufacturing techniques (CAM). That will be a hand in analyzing several case studies.
Viscoelasticity of human whole saliva collected after acid and mechanical stimulation (2007)

The rheology of saliva is highly important due to its influence on oral health and physiochemical processes within the oral environment. While the rheology of human whole saliva (HWS) is considered important for its functionality, its measurement is often performed erroneously and/or limited to the viscosity at a single shear rate. To ensure accurate rheological measurements, it is necessary to test HWS immediately after expectoration and to apply a thin layer of surfactant solution around the rim of the rheometer plates so that protein adsorption is minimized at the air-liquid interface. It is shown for the first time that the viscosity and viscoelasticity of HWS depends greatly upon the method of stimulation. Mechanical action stimulates slightly shear-thinning and relatively inelastic saliva, while acidic solutions (e.g. 0.25% citric acid) stimulate secretion of saliva that is highly elastic and shear-thinning. However, both acidic solutions and mechanical action stimulate similar volumes of saliva. For acid-stimulated saliva, the ratio of the primary normal stress difference to the shear stress is of order 100 and the viscosity at high shear rates is only marginally above that of water. This extremely high stress ratio for such a low viscosity fluid indicates that saliva's elastic properties dominate its flow behavior and may assist in facilitating lubrication within the oral cavity. It is anticipated that the variation in saliva rheology arises because the individual glands secrete saliva of different rheology, with the proportion of saliva secreted from each gland depending on the method of stimulation. The steady-shear rheology and linear viscoelasticity of HWS are described reasonably well using a FENE-P constitutive model and a 3-mode Maxwell model respectively. These models indicate that there are several long relaxation modes within saliva, possibly arising from the presence of large flexible macromolecules such as mucin glycoproteins.
Cellulose Models for Formaldehyde Storage in Wood: Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies (1986)

13C-NMR spectra of water soluble cellulose model compounds indicate that formaldehyde is capable of reacting with wood cellulose functions under hot press conditions as well as at room temperature yielding hemiacetals. The formation of hemiacetals is reversible, and thus constitutes a reservoir for formaldehyde storage. Due to its affinity for water, formaldehyde released during the manufacture of UF-resin bonded products will be retained in the aqueous phase of wood. Wood contains about 9 wt% of moisture. Most of this is in the S-2 secondary cell walls that consist mainly of wood cellulose.
Altered Phosphodiesterase 3-Mediated cAMP Hydrolysis Contributes to a Hypermotile Phenotype in Obese JCR:LA-cp Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2002)

Cardiovascular diseases represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Of the many animal models used in the study of non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes, the JCR:LA-cp rat is unique in that it develops insulin resistance in the presence of obesity and manifests both peripheral and coronary vasculopathies. In this animal model, arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from homozygous obese (cp/cp) rats, but not from age-matched healthy (+/+ or + /cp, collectively defined +/?) littermates, display an " activated" phenotype in vitro and in vivo and have an elevated level of cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. In this report, we confirm that cp/cp rat aortic VSMCs have an elevated level of PDE3 activity and show that only particulate PDE3 (PDE3B) activity is elevated. In marked contrast to results obtained in + /? VSMCs, simultaneous activation of adenylyl cyclase and inhibition of PDE3 activity in cp/cp VSMCs synergistically increased cAMP. Although PDE3 inhibition did not potentiate the antimigratory effects of forskolin on +/? VSMCs, PDE3 inhibition did markedly potentiate the forskolin-induced inhibition of migration of cp/cp-derived VSMCs. Although PDE3 activity was elevated in cp/cp rat aortic VSMCs, levels of expression of cytosolic PDE3 (PDE3A) and PDE3B in +/? and cp/cp VSMCs, as well as activation of these enzymes following activation of the cAMP-protein kinase A signaling cascade, were not different. Our data are consistent with an increased role for PDE3 in regulating cAMP-dependent signaling in cp/cp VSMCs and identify PDE3 as a cellular activity potentially responsible for the phenotype of cp/cp VSMCs.
Prognostic Significance of, and Gene and MicroRNA Expression Signatures Associated With, <i>CEBPA</i> Mutations in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia With High-Risk Molecular Features: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study (2008)

Pretreatment testing for CEBPA mutations identifies CN-AML patients with different outcomes, particularly in the molecular high-risk group, thus improving molecular risk-based classification of this large cytogenetic subset of AML. The gene and miRNA expression profiling provided insights into leukemogenesis of the CN-AML molecular high-risk group, indicating that CEBPA mutations are associated with partial erythroid differentiation.
Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving films of levocitirizine di hydrochloride (2011)

Fast dissolving films of levocetirizine dihydrochloride can be considered suitable for clinical use in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and other conditions of allergies, where a quicker onset of action for a dosage form is desirable along with the convenience of administration.
Multi-step counting ADC (2014)

A counting analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is proposed which achieves a high sampling rate by performing the conversion in several (N) steps. In terms of the effective number of bits (ENOB) of the ADC, the conversion time of the ADC is approximately N.2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ENOB/N</sup> clock periods, which is much shorter than for traditional counting ADCs (2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ENOB</sup> clock periods). This is achieved by using novel methods of residue amplification and correlated double sampling. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of this structure.
Biomechanical Dynamics of the Heart with MRI (2002)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a noninvasive way to evaluate the biomechanical dynamics of the heart. MRI can provide spatially registered tomographic images of the heart in different phases of the cardiac cycle, which can be used to assess global cardiac function and regional endocardial surface motion. In addition, MRI can provide detailed information on the patterns of motion within the heart wall, permitting calculation of the evolution of regional strain and related motion variables within the wall. These show consistent patterns of spatial and temporal variation in normal subjects, which are affected by alterations of function due to disease. Although still an evolving technique, MRI shows promise as a new method for research and clinical evaluation of cardiac dynamics.
Guest Loading and Multiple Phases in Single Crystals of the van der Waals Host <i>p</i>-<i>tert</i>-Butylcalix[4]arene (2008)

We have followed the loading of xenon into the low density form of a van der Waals solid host, p- tert-butylcalix[4]arene (tBC), with solid-state NMR and X-ray diffraction (XRD), techniques sensitive to local and long-range order, respectively. Even though there was little change in the unit cell parameters, 13C and 129Xe solid-state NMR spectra indicate that significant structural changes occur in local order even at low levels of loading. In particular, 129Xe double quantum experiments, which probe distance-dependent 129Xe− 129Xe dipolar interactions, reveal that the closest Xe−Xe distances increase with Xe loading into the tBC host, suggesting that the tBC undergoes structural rearrangements as it absorbs Xe. Indeed, in light of the solid-state NMR results, a re-examination of partially loaded single crystals by XRD showed that up to a loading level (Xe/tBC ratio) of 0.25, the structure was closely related to that of the empty form with the typical calixarene bilayer structure; however, at higher loading (0.5), the structure is substantially different with a constricted zigzag channel for Xe. In the latter structure, alternate bilayers are distinct because of different molecular orientations and much enhanced thermal parameters. What is remarkable is that the changes described take place with the different structural motifs apparently coexisting in the same single crystal. These different structures have almost identical unit cell parameters; however, the structures are quite different, and the phase transitions are more easily followed with NMR spectroscopy than with diffraction. The fact that ordered domains are always present suggests that cooperative dynamics play an important role, with the experimental results giving snapshots of the loading process at different stages.
Three and four-dimensional parity-check codes for correction and detection of multiple errors (2004)

We examine two different schemes of three dimensional parity checking codes that can be obtained by arranging the information and parity bits as a combination of rows and columns or by arranging them as two dimensional planes to obtain a three dimensional cube. Finding the number of errors detected and the numbers of errors corrected has been the main aim of this work. The code rate and the overhead of each scheme has been calculated and compared with that of the standard parity schemes available. Some general equations have been derived to represent these families of codes. A four dimensional scheme that can detect and correct more multiple errors has also been discussed.
Synchronization of multiple video recordings based on still camera flashes (2006)

Combining audiovisual sequences from different cameras requires precise alignment in time. Current synchronization techniques involve using geometrical properties such as camera positions and object features. In this paper, we present a synchronization method based on detecting flashes present in the video content. Such flashes, generated by still cameras, cause a sharp bright frame in the videos. They are detected using an adaptive threshold on luminance variation across the frames. The resulting flash sequences are searched for matches. The matching flashes indicate overlapping content, and allow determining the offset time between cameras. The experimental results from flash detection and flash sequence matching show perfect synchronization in all examined cases.
Efficient Multi-Point Transmission Scheme for HSDPA Networks (2011)

To meet the increasing demand for mobile broadband, multiple carrier features were subsequently introduced into UMTS Release-8 to Release-10. As a consequence, the UE capabilities of rejecting inter-stream interference have increased considerably. To fully utilize the UE capabilities and wireless resources, multi-point transmissions raised concerns in 3GPP High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) standardizing process. Multi-point transmission is a promising technique to increase both the average cell throughput and cell edge user throughput. A novel cooperative sector selection algorithm, which takes both channel condition and sector loading into consideration, and an adaptive precoding transmission scheme are proposed for HSPA multi-point transmission. Through the system level simulation, the proposed transmission scheme effectively outperforms the non-cooperative system and non-adaptive cooperative scheme on both the average sector throughput and sector-edge UEs' rates significantly.
Microbial Air Contamination in an Intensive Care Unit (2015)

Unit layout affects every aspect of intensive care services, including patient safety. A previous study has shown that patients admitted to beds adjacent to the sink and to the door of a large bayroom had the highest number of positive blood cultures and the highest blood culture incidence density, respectively. The present study measures microbial air contamination in a medical intensive care unit of a medical center in central Taiwan. Of the 17 rooms, 8 rooms with distinct physical environmental characteristics were selected. Sampling tests were conducted between December 2013 and February 2014 with a microbial air sampler (MAS-100NT). TSA was used for bacteria collection and DG18 for fungi collection. The overall average bacterial and fungal concentrations were 83CFU/m<sup>3</sup> and 69CFU/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The ranges were between 8-354 CFU/m<sup>3</sup> and 0-1468 CFU/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. A significant difference was found in the bacterial concentration (p=.005) between different room locations. The highest concentration was found in the rooms located at the front end of the circulation (99 CFU/m<sup>3</sup>), while the lowest was found in the rooms located at the rear end of the circulation (55CFU/m<sup>3</sup>). Differences in fungal concentrations for different room locations did not reach statistical significance. In addition, differences in bacterial and fungal concentrations for rooms with different sink locations did not reach statistical significance. Even though the microbial concentrations generally complied with standards, the results may help designers and hospital administrators develop a healthier environment for patients.
A carbon nitride/TiO2 nanotube array heterojunction visible-light photocatalyst: synthesis, characterization, and photoelectrochemical properties (2012)

A carbon nitride/TiO2 nanotube array (CN/TNT) heterojunction photocatalyst with visible-light response was prepared by a simple electrochemical method. The photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The photoelectrochemical properties and photocatalytic activities of the obtained-samples were systematically tested under visible light irradiation. The activity of heterojunction photocatalyst CN/TNTs is higher than that of TNTs. The obviously increased performance of CN/TNTs is ascribed mainly to enhancement of electron–hole separations both at the interface and in the semiconductors.
Automatic sensor placement in a 3D volume (2009)

Given a 3D environment, a set of constraints, and a set of sensor models, this paper addresses the problem of finding the set of sensors and their corresponding placement that covers a target space in the environment. The set of possible sensors is represented in a parametric space associated with the sensor's pose. Initially, the target space is discretized as a set of space elements. A voting scheme builds an accumulator array where each space element votes for all sensors that may observe it while satisfying the perceptual constraints. A heuristic selects the best set of cameras that covers the target space. We present experimental results with synthetic and realistic 3D models.
Neural network and neuro-fuzzy systems for improving diabetes therapy (2002)

Expert management of diabetes mellitus, through good glycaemic control, is necessary development of serious short-term complications, due to the persistence of either low or high blood glucose levels (BGLs), respectively. In this paper, the use of a recurrent artificial neural network (ANN) is described which is able to predict BGL for a specific patient. This predicted BGL may then be used in a neuro-fuzzy expert system to offer short-term therapeutic advice regarding the patient's diet, exercise and insulin regime (for insulin-dependent or Type 1 diabetics). ANN training requirements are discussed, and BGL predictions for two Type 1 diabetic patients are compared with actual BGL measurements.
Experimental performance evaluation of Profibus-FMS in the manufacturing automation systems (2003)

The fieldbus provides real-time communication among field devices in the manufacturing automation and process control systems. In this study, an experimental model of the Profibus-based manufacturing automation system is developed. The experimental model consists of two robots, two conveyor belts, NC machine, PLC, sensors and operator station. These machines are interconnected into the Profibus network and exchange their data through the services provided by FMS (Fieldbus Message Specification). The experimental model is used to measure the network-induced delay of variable and file data transmitted through FMS services. This study analyzes the network-induced delays at each sublayer of the Profibus protocol stack. The experimental results obtained from this study promote understanding the delay characteristics of the Profibus FMS.
Detection of Propane by IR-ATR in a Teflon®-Clad Fluoride Glass Optical Fiber (1990)

The detection of propane with the use of ATR spectroscopy at 3.3 µm, as the gas diffuses through the Teflon® cladding of a fluoride optical fiber, is reported. A theoretical expression for the time-dependent absorbance of the fiber sensor as a function of diffusion coefficient and cladding dimensions is developed. The experimental data fitted to the model give a diffusion coefficient of 8.85 × 10 −14 m 2 s −1 for propane in Teflon®. The potential of the technique for remote or distributed sensing of hydrocarbons is discussed.