gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generally Cylindrical Orthotropic Constitutive Properties Modeling of Matrix-filled Single-walled Nanotubes: Axial Mechanical Properties (2006)

The technology of filling hollow carbon nanotubes with desirable materials has created tremendous interest in recent years. The objective of this study is to introduce analytical solutions for effective longitudinal Young's modulus and major Poisson's ratio of matrix-filled single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs). In this work, both SWNT and its filler material are considered generally cylindrical orthotropic. Analytical solutions are obtained and accordingly reduced to transversely isotropic as well as isotropic cases for both tube and filler materials, and then the results are compared with the existing solutions. For further validation, a 3-D model of a matrix-filled single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is generated and solved for displacement and strain results numerically, using the finite element method. The finite element numerical analysis is employed to verify the accuracy of the results obtained from the analytical approach for generally cylindrical orthotropic materials. Excellent agreement is achieved between the results obtained from the analytical and numerical methods. Furthermore, a parametric study is also conducted to investigate the effective properties variations of the matrix-filled nanotubes based on the variations of nanotube/filler geometry and material properties.
Effect of topical application of G7 in reducing histamine induced skin reactions: A preliminary study (2011)

A Siddha drug G7 was tested for its anti allergic activity in human subjects. Histamine was prick tested onto the drug sensitized region and control site of volar forearm. The extent of erythema, oedema and itching were scored. G7 exhibited activity in reducing the erythema and itching induced by histamine in a dose dependent manner.

	 

	Key word: Anti allergic activity, histamine, Siddha, medicinal plants.
Comparison of arsenide and phosphide based graded buffer layers used in inverted metamorphic solar cells (2012)

The effect of graded buffer layer (GBL) composition on inverted metamorphic 1.1-eV In0.24Ga0.76As single-junction solar cells, with applications as a subcell in high-efficiency multijunction solar cells, is investigated. In experiment A, AlxInyGa(1−x−y)As was used as a GBL to transition from the GaAs substrate lattice constant to that of the In0.24Ga0.76As cell. In experiment B, In1−xGaxP was employed. Both GBLs were deposited using growth conditions optimized for lattice-matched growth. Reciprocal space maps showed that the InGaAs cell was fully relaxed in both experiments. They also revealed that the AlInGaAs GBL relaxed very quickly after the start of growth (&lt;0.1 μm). The InGaP GBL on the other hand remained partially strained throughout its structure and full relaxation was only achieved after growth of the InGaAs cell. Atomic force microscopy of the surface of the AlInGaAs GBL showed typical cross-hatch morphology with a roughness of 8.9 nm. The surface of the InGaP GBL was much rougher at 18.3 nm with unusual morphology, likely due to 3D island formation due to unrelieved strain. These findings were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy where the InGaAs cell of experiment A was largely free of imperfections with a defect density of 1.1 × 106 cm−2. Experiment B had defects readily seen throughout the GBL and the InGaAs cell above had a defect density of 1.5 × 109 cm−2. The hardness of the AlInGaAs GBL surface was measured to be 7.2 GPa and exhibited an indentation size effect. The hardness of the InGaP GBL surface was 10.2 GPa regardless of the depth of penetration of the indenter. The lack of indentation size effect in InGaP is due to the high density of dislocations already present in the material due to unrelieved strain. Solar cells fabricated from experiment A wafers exhibited excellent band gap-voltage offset Woc = (Eg/q) − Voc of 0.414 V. Cells from experiment B exhibited a poor Woc of 0.686 V, most likely due to the threading dislocations acting as non-radiative recombination centers.
Multivariate statistical modelling of the pharmaceutical process of wet granulation and tableting (1997)

Wet granulation in high-shear mixers is a process of particle size enlargement much used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the tableting properties of powder mixtures, such as flowability and compactibility, necessary for the large scale production of pharmaceutical talbets. ... Zie: Summary
The role of intracellular glutathione in methylmercury-induced toxicity in embryonic neuronal cells. (1999)

Previous studies indicate that the ability of cells to up-regulate levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH) synthesis may determine their sensitivity to MeHg exposure. The purpose of the current study is two-fold. First, we determined whether the vulnerability of the developing central nervous system (CNS) to MeHg lies in its intracellular GSH content. The intracellular GSH content and the activity of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) were determined with and without MeHg exposure in primary cultures of rat embryonic CNS cells. In addition, the effect of GSH modulation on MeHg-induced cytotoxicity was determined. Second, we characterized the mechanism of GCS regulation, initially by studying the GCS heavy chain subunit (GCS-HC). Primary embryonic limb bud cells were used as a reference cell type for comparing the response of CNS cells. The results indicate that constitutive intracellular GSH content, GCS activity, and GCS-HC mRNA and protein levels of CNS cells were approximately ten-, two-, five-, and ten-fold higher, respectively, than those in limb bud cells. A dose-dependent increase in GSH levels and GCS activity was observed in CNS and limb bud cells following 1 and 2 microM MeHg exposure for 20 hr. Further characterization of GCS up-regulation in CNS cells showed that the increase in GCS activity following MeHg exposure, unlike limb bud cells, was not accompanied by an elevation of GCS-HC mRNA and protein levels. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine led to a significant increase in intracellular GSH, while L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) resulted in decreased GSH levels, however neither pretreatment had a significant impact on MeHg-induced cytotoxicity in either cell type. Our results suggest that although oxidative stress may mediate aspects of MeHg toxicity, disruption of GSH homeostasis alone is not responsible for the sensitivity of embryonic CNS cells to MeHg.
Pseudo-linear variable lever variable stiffness actuator: Design and evaluation (2017)

This paper presents the design, mathematical model, and evaluation of a novel variant of a variable stiffness actuator. The actuator combines a cam and a variable lever mechanism. The lever length changes through the rotation of the follower and results in the change of the mechanism stiffness. The design of the actuator results in a nearly linear torque-deflection characteristic, earning it its name: pseudo-linear variable lever variable stiffness actuator (PLVL-VSA). The paper outlines the differences to other similar types of variable stiffness mechanisms, namely the pseudo-linear torque-deflection characteristics, no pretensioning of the elastic element and a fast rate of stiffness variation. Provided are the details on the mechanical design and the derivation of the mathematical model. The theoretically calculated pseudo-linear torque-deflection characteristic is shown on a real-world PLVL-VSA built using rapid prototyping, which also displays the rapid rate of stiffness change.
Liquid crystalline cellulose derivatives (1983)

Following the observation that (hydroxypropyl)cellulose in water forms an ordered cholesteric liquid crystalline phase at high polymer concentrations, reports that many other cellulose derivatives in a wide variety of solvents also form liquid crystalline solutions have appeared in the scientific and patent literature. A tabulation of cellulose-based liquid crystalline systems is presented. The formation of the ordered phase is attributed to the limited flexibility of the cellulose chain. However, some cellulose derivatives form liquid crystalline phases only in specific solvents; concentrated solutions in other solvents remain isotropic. Other cellulose derivatives, such as (hydroxypropyl)cellulose, appear to form liquid crystalline solutions in any solvent that dissolves sufficiently high concentrations of the polymer. It has been suggested that the role of flexible side-chain substituents is to allow the main chains to achieve their equilibrium orientational order. The presence of many large substituents on the cellulose backbone also increases the effective chain radius and may change the chain conformation. The effect of side-chain structure on the properties of cellulose liquid crystalline phases is thus of interest. A series of esters of (hydroxypropyl)cellulose have been prepared. In addition to forming liquid crystalline solutions in organic solvents, these materials also were found to form cholesteric thermotropicmore » phases in the absence of solvent. The thermotropic phases show spontaneous molecular orientation and cholesteric reflection. On heating, a transformation to the isotropic melt occurs. The liquid crystalline state of cellulose and its derivatives is thus widely observed. 42 references, 4 figures, 3 tables.« less
HIGHWAY PAVEMENT DISTRESS IDENTIFICATION MANUAL (1979)

This manual provides standardized identification of distress types associated with four types of conventional highway pavements. These include: jointed plain concrete, jointed reinforced concrete, continuously reinforced concrete, asphalt surfaced with granular or stabilized base and asphalt overlays over portland cement concrete. Each distress type is described along with its primary mechanism, levels of severity are defined, measurement criteria provided, and typical photographs of each type and severity are provided.
Regulation of the pts operon in low G+C Gram-positive bacteria. (2000)

The sugar transport system called phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase (PTS) is widespread among eubacteria. Its is generally composed of two cytoplasmic proteins, HPr and El, which are found in all bacteria possessing a PTS, and a family of Ells whose number, specificity, and molecular structure in terms of domain arrangement vary from species to species. In low G+C Gram-positive bacteria, the genes coding for the general proteins HPr and El, designated ptsH and ptsl respectively, are organized into the pts operon. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge about the regulation of the pts operon in low G+C Gram-positive bacteria. Physiological data indicate that El and most particularly HPr make up a substantial proportion of cellular proteins. Their synthesis is not coordinated and is influenced by environmental factors. The principal DNA cis-elements involved in the regulation of pts operon transcription are a strong promoter whose sequence and structure are very similar to those of the canonical promoter recognized by the Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis major RNA polymerases, a 5'-untranslated region, a rho-dependent terminator located at the 5' end of ptsl, and an intrinsic terminator located downstream from ptsl. Analysis of ptsH and ptsl Shine-Dalgarno sequences as well as experimental results obtained with a Streptococcus salivarius mutant suggest that the expression of HPr and El is also controlled at the translation level.
A Machine Learning-Empowered System for Long-Term Motion-Tolerant Wearable Monitoring of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate With Ear-ECG/PPG (2017)

In this paper, we propose a fully ear-worn long-term blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) monitor to achieve a higher wearability. Moreover, to enable practical application scenarios, we present a machine learning framework to deal with severe motion artifacts induced by head movements. We suggest situating all electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors behind two ears to achieve a super wearability, and successfully acquire weak ear-ECG/PPG signals using a semi-customized platform. After introducing head motions toward real-world application scenarios, we apply a support vector machine classifier to learn and identify raw heartbeats from motion artifacts-impacted signals. Furthermore, we propose an unsupervised learning algorithm to automatically filter out residual distorted/faking heartbeats, for ECG-to-PPG pulse transit time (PTT) and HR estimation. Specifically, we introduce a dynamic time warping-based learning approach to quantify distortion conditions of raw heartbeats referring to a high-quality heartbeat pattern, which are then compared with a threshold to perform purification. The heartbeat pattern and the distortion threshold are learned by a K-medoids clustering approach and a histogram triangle method, respectively. Afterward, we perform a comparative analysis on ten PTT or PTT&HR-based BP learning models. Based on an acquired data set, the BP and HR estimation using the proposed algorithm has an error of -1.4±5.2 mmHg and 0.8±2.7 beats/min, respectively, both much lower than the state-of-the-art approaches. These results demonstrate the capability of the proposed machine learning-empowered system in ear-ECG/PPG acquisition and motion-tolerant BP/HR estimation. This proof-of-concept system is expected to illustrate the feasibility of ear-ECG/PPG-based motion-tolerant BP/HR monitoring.
Rapid flow cytometric method for measuring senescence associated β‐galactosidase activity in human fibroblasts (2009)

Senescence associated-beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) activity is a widely used marker for cellular senenescence. SA-beta-gal activity is routinely detected cytochemically, manually discriminating negative from positive cells. This method is time-consuming, subjective and therefore prone to operator-error. We aimed to optimize a flow cytometric method described by other workers using endothelial cells to better differentiate between populations of fibroblasts in degrees of SA-beta-gal activity. Skin fibroblasts were isolated from young (mean age +/- SD: 25.5 +/- 1.8) and very old (age 90.2 +/- 0.3) subjects. Different pH modulators were tested for toxicity. To induce stress-induced senescence, fibroblasts were exposed to rotenone. Senescence was assessed measuring SA-beta-gal activity by cytochemistry (X-gal) and by flow cytometry (C(12)FDG). The pH modulator Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) was found to be least toxic for fibroblasts and to differentiate best between nonstressed and stressed fibroblast populations. Under nonstressed conditions, fibroblasts from very old subjects showed higher SA-beta-gal activity than fibroblasts from young subjects. This difference was found for both the flow cytometric and cytochemical methods (P = 0.013 and P = 0.056 respectively). Under stress-induced conditions the flow cytometric method but not the cytochemical method revealed significant higher SA-beta-gal activity in fibroblasts from very old compared to young subjects (P = 0.004 and P = 0.635 respectively). We found the modified flow cytometric method measuring SA-beta-gal activity superior in discriminating between degrees of senescence in different populations of fibroblasts.
Proposals of <i>Sphingomonas paucimobilis</i> gen. nov. and comb. nov., <i>Sphingomonas parapaucimobilis</i> sp. nov., <i>Sphingomonas yanoikuyae</i> sp. nov., <i>Sphingomonas adhaesiva</i> sp. nov., <i>Sphingomonas capsulata</i> comb, nov., and Two Genospecies of the Genus <i>Sphingomonas</i> (1990)

Based on the partial nucleotide sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA), presence of unique sphingoglycolipids in cellular lipid, and the major type of ubiquinone (Q10), we propose Sphingomonas gen. nov. with the type species Sphingomonas paucimobilis (Holmes et al, 1977) comb. nov. From the homology values of deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization and the phenotypic characteristics, three new species, Sphingomonas parapaucimobilis, Sphingomonas yanoikuyae, Sphingomonas adhaesiva, and one new combination, Sphingomonas capsulata, are described. S. parapaucimobilis JCM 7510 (= GIFU 11387), S. yanoikuyae JCM 7371 (= GIFU 9882), and S. adhaesiva JCM 7370 (= GIFU 11458) are designated as the type strains of the three new species. Emended description of the type strain of S. capsulata is presented.
Fusulinids from the Word Formation (Permian), Glass Mountains, Texas (1963)

Within the Permian Word Formation, Glass Mountains. Texas, five ecological associations based on fusulinid species Intertongue complexly. The lateral ranges of species apparently relate to lateral changes of the dominant rock type in the formation and the vertical ranges reflect the expansion of newly evolved species and the gradual extinction of old species. Of the ten species described, the following four are new: Parafusulina wildei, P. sullivanensis, P. ironensis, and Parafusulina sp. A. The geographic ranges of P. lineata, P. deliclasensis, and P. aiitimonioensis are extended to include the Word Formation in the Glass Mountains.
urbs1, a gene regulating siderophore biosynthesis in Ustilago maydis, encodes a protein similar to the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. (1993)

Ustilago maydis secretes ferrichrome-type siderophores, ferric-ion-binding compounds, in response to iron starvation. TA2701, a non-enterobactin-producing, non-ferrichrome-utilizing mutant of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2, was employed as a biological indicator in a novel screening method to isolate three N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced U. maydis mutants defective in the regulation of ferrichrome-type siderophore biosynthesis. These mutants displayed a constitutive phenotype; they produced siderophores in the presence of iron concentrations that would typically repress siderophore synthesis in wild-type strains. A 4.8-kb fragment of U. maydis genomic DNA capable of restoring normal regulation of siderophore biosynthesis in the constitutive mutants was identified. This segment of DNA contains an intronless open reading frame that specifies a protein of 950 amino acids containing two finger motifs similar to those found in the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. Disruption of this open reading frame in a wild-type strain gave rise to cells that produced siderophores constitutively. Genetic studies indicated that the disruption mutation was allelic to the chemically induced mutations, confirming that the structural gene for a regulator rather than a suppressor gene had been cloned. Northern (RNA) analysis of the gene revealed a 4.2-kb transcript that is expressed constitutively at low levels in wild-type cells. The data support the hypothesis that this gene, which we designate urbs1 (Ustilago regulator of biosynthesis of siderophores), acts directly or indirectly to repress biosynthesis of siderophores in U. maydis.
Post-translational modification of apolipoprotein B by transglutaminases (1990)

The major form of cross-link found in apolipoprotein B was identified as N1N12-bis-(gamma-glutamyl)spermine, a product known to be formed through the catalytic action of transglutaminases (EC 2.3.2.13). N1-(gamma-Glutamyl)spermine was present in a trace amount but epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-links, which are formed during fibrin formation in plasma, were not detected. In the presence of catalytic amounts of plasma Factor XIIIa (a thrombin-dependent extracellular transglutaminase) or cellular transglutaminase (a cytosolic enzyme), apolipoprotein B and other plasma apolipoproteins (A-I, A-II and C) underwent covalently bridged polymerization and served as amine acceptor substrates. These results suggests that transglutaminases may participate in the covalent modification of apolipoproteins, either in the physiological state or during pathogenesis.
Synthesis of CuInSe<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals with Trigonal Pyramidal Shape (2009)

The synthesis of monodisperse chalcopyrite (tetragonal) CuInSe(2) nanocrystals is reported. The nanocrystals have trigonal pyramidal shape, and they exhibited a common crystallographic orientation when drop-cast onto carbon substrates. A crystallographic model for the nanocrystals was developed. The nanocrystals are bounded by one polar {112} surface facet and three nonpolar {114} surface facets.
Genetic Control of a Photoperiod‐Sensitive Response in <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench (1999)

Photoperiod‐sensitive (PS) sorghums ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) are not uncommon, but the production of a PS hybrid from two photoperiod insensitive (PI) lines is unusual. The inbred line EBA‐3 is PI, but F 1 hybrids of EBA‐3 with most other PI inbreds are PS and will not initiate floral development until daylengths are <12 h and 20 min. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of the PS response. Ten PI inbred lines were crossed as females with EBA‐3 by hand emasculation and pollination. F 1 and F 2 populations were evaluated for photoperiod response as indicated by flowering date in plantings at College Station and Halfway, TX. F 2:3 progeny for two of the crosses plus two testcrosses were used to confirm F 2 segregation data. Nine of ten F 1 progeny were strongly PS. Plants in nine F 2 populations segregated for photoperiod response. Segregation in eight of the F 2 populations fit a 9:7 PS/PI ratio, indicating that two independent gene loci were interacting in complementary dominant epistasis. Evaluation of crosses between EBA‐3 and maturity standards for the Ma 1 , Ma 2 , Ma 3 , and Ma 4 loci indicated that the loci responsible for this photoperiod sensitivity are different from previously characterized loci. The gene symbols proposed for these two loci are Ma 5 and Ma 6 .
An enabling framework for master-worker applications on the Computational Grid (2002)

Describes MW (Master-Worker) - a software framework that allows users to quickly and easily parallelize scientific computations using the master-worker paradigm on the Computational Grid. MW provides both a "top-level" interface to application software and a "bottom-level" interface to existing Grid computing toolkits. Both interfaces are briefly described. We conclude with a case study, where the necessary Grid services are provided by the Condor high-throughput computing system, and the MW-enabled application code is used to solve a combinatorial optimization problem of unprecedented complexity.
Towards Collaborative Travel Recommender Systems (2004)

Collaborative filtering (CF) based recommender systems have been proven to be a promising solution to the problem of information overload. Such systems provide personalized recommendations to users based on their previously expressed preferences and that of other similar users. In the past decade, they have been successfully applied in various domains, such as the recommendation of books and movies, where items are simple, independent and single units. When applied in the tourism domain, however, CF falls short due to the simplicity of existing techniques and complexity of tourism products. In view of this, a study was carried out to review the research problems and opportunities. This paper details the results of the study, which includes a review on the recent developments in CF as well as recommender systems in tourism, and suggests future research directions for personalized recommendation of tourist destinations and products.