gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Server-based smoothing of variable bit-rate streams (2001)

We introduce an algorithm that uses buffer space available at the server for smoothing disk transfers of variable bit-rate streams. Previous smoothing techniques prefetched stream data into the client buffer space, instead. However, emergence of personal computing devices with widely different hardware configurations means that we should not always assume abundance of resources at the client side. The new algorithm is shown to have optimal smoothing effect under the specified constraints. We incorporate it into a prototype server, and demonstrate significant increase in the number of streams concurrently supported at different system scales. We also extend our algorithm for striping variable bit-rate streams on heterogeneous disks. High bandwidth utilization is achieved across all the different disks, which leads to server throughput improved by several factors at high loads.
Auto-doping of Carbon to AlAs Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition using Trimethylaluminum and Tertiarybutylarsine (1997)

Carbon (C) heavily doped AlAs has been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using trimethylaluminum (TMAl) and tertiarybutylarsine (TBA) without any additional dopant sources. The hole concentration was controlled by changing only the V/III ratio. The highest hole concentration was 2.5×10 19 cm -3 . The decrease in the lattice constant of C-doped AlAs shows that the acceptor activation ratio is close to unity.
Channelopathies: ion channel defects linked to heritable clinical disorders (2000)

Electrical signals are critical for the function of neurones, muscle cells, and cardiac myocytes. Proteins that regulate electrical signalling in these cells, including voltage gated ion channels, are logical sites where abnormality might lead to disease. Genetic and biophysical approaches are being used to show that several disorders result from mutations in voltage gated ion channels. Understanding gained from early studies on the pathogenesis of a group of muscle diseases that are similar in their episodic nature (periodic paralysis) showed that these disorders result from mutations in a gene encoding a voltage gated Na + channel. Their characterisation as channelopathies has served as a paradigm for other episodic disorders. For example, migraine headache and some forms of epilepsy have been shown to result from mutations in voltage gated Ca 2+ channel genes, while long QT syndrome is known to result from mutations in either K + or Na + channel genes. This article reviews progress made in the complementary fields of molecular genetics and cellular electrophysiology which has led to a better understanding of voltage gated ion channelopathies in humans and mice.
Color imaging (2009)

The study of color combines a unique mixture of physics and human visual perception, which in practice makes this seemingly straightforward topic challenging and often misunderstood. This course covers the basics of physical and perceptual processes, and demonstrates how color science can be appropriately applied to various applications in rendering, high-dynamic-range imaging, and image manipulation. It is specifically designed for students and professionals who need an understanding of color science as a sid-line to their own work, especially those who design algorithms in computer graphics, computer vision, and image processing. It provides a basic understanding of how color science supports design of effective algorithms, and often leads to lower storage requirements, enhanced computational complexity, and better visual quality.
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and coronary heart disease (2000)

The major trial published recently has been the GISSI-Prevenzione Trial, a multicentre trial from Italy involving more than 11 000 patients with a recent myocardial infarction. Supplementation with one fish oil capsule per day (0.85 g n-3 fatty acids) significantly reduced all-cause mortality and mortality from coronary heart disease by 15-20% during 3.5 years of follow-up. Together with the Diet and Reinfarction Trial (DART), the GISSI-Prevenzione Trial suggests that patients with a previous myocardial infarction should consume approximately 1 g per day of n-3 fatty acids as food or supplementary fish oil capsule(s).
Novel current-loop feed-forward compensation for boost PFC converter (2004)

This paper presents a digital controller for boost power factor correction (PFC) converter. The digital controller features an optimal digital current compensator and a novel current-loop feed-forward (CFF) compensation. The CFF compensation can improve power factor without increasing the current-loop gain and bandwidth. Experiment results are shown to validate the design approach.
Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A (2010)

Available data from biomonitoring studies clearly indicate that the general population is exposed to BPA and is at risk from internal exposure to unconjugated BPA. The two toxicokinetic studies that suggested human BPA exposure is negligible have significant deficiencies, are directly contradicted by hypothesis-driven studies, and are therefore not reliable for risk assessment purposes.
Reactions of 3‐methylamino‐5‐phenylthiophene with α,β‐unsaturated esters and α,β‐unsaturated nitriles (2000)

Abstract Treatment of 3‐methylamino‐5‐phenylthiophene with α,β‐unsaturated esters, i.e. , methyl acrylate, ( E )‐methyl crotonate, diethyl fumarate, diethyl maleate and ethyl propiolate, in tetrahydrofuran for several days at reflux gave 1‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydrothieno[2,3‐ e ]pyridin‐2‐ones 4 and/or 1‐methylthieno[2,3‐ e ]pyridin‐2‐ones 5 , depending on the structure of the esters. On the other hand, the same reactions with α,β‐unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile and tetracyanoethene, gave the corresponding thiophenes 7 and 10 bearing 2‐cyanoethyl and 1,2,2‐tricyanoethenyl groups at C‐2, respectively. The reaction with (Z)‐1,2‐dicyanoethene under the same conditions produced the corresponding thiophene 9 bearing the 1,2‐dicyanoethenyl group and 1,2‐dicyano‐5‐methylaminobiphenyl.
Towards a rationalist theory of language acquisition (2014)

Recent computational, mathematical work on learnability extends to classes of languages that plausibly include the human languages, but there is nevertheless a gulf between this work and linguistic theory. The languages of the two fields seem almost completely disjoint and incommensurable. This paper shows that this has happened, at least in part, because the recent advances in learnability have been misdescribed in two important respects. First, they have been described as resting on ‘empiricist ’ conceptions of language, when actually, in fundamental respects that are made precise here, they are equally compatible with the ‘rationalist’, ‘nativist ’ traditions in linguistic theory. Second, the recent mathematical proposals have sometimes been presented as if they not only advance but complete the account of human language acquisition, taking the rather dramatic difference between what current mathematical models can achieve and what current linguistic theories tell us as an indication that current linguistic theories are quite generally mistaken. This paper compares the two perspectives and takes some first steps toward a unified theory, aiming to identify some common ground where ‘rationalist ’ linguistic hypotheses could directly address weaknesses in the current mathematical proposals.
Kinetic Study of the Sulfite Dehydrogenase-catalyzed Reaction in the Subcellular State of Thiobacillus thiooxidans. (2001)

Based on kinetic studies of the sulfite dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction investigated using the subcellular fraction instead of the microbe Thiobacillus thiooxidans, it was confirmed that the initial velocity is very proportional on the concentration of the subcellular fraction and the optimal pH is 7.5, which is the same as that obtained in the microbe. The kinetic parameters, Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (V), were evaluated to be 1.7±0.2 mM and 0.083±0.035 mM/min/mg protein, respectively. The ferricyanide concentration examined was found to be proportional to the initial velocity within 1.5 mM. It was also found that cytochrome c can be absorbed as a second substrate in place of ferricyanide. Thus, a new device should be very possible using the subcellular fraction of T. thiooxidans as a highly sensitive and automatic sensor apparatus for sulfite etermination.
Streptolysin O II. Relationship of Sulfyhdryl Groups to Activity (1971)

Streptolysin O (SO), a group A streptococcal toxin, exists in two forms, a reduced active state and an oxidized reversibly inactive state. Activity is measured by red blood cell hemolysis. SO is a labile toxin, and, with time, activity is irreversibly lost. The rate of activity loss is slowed by incubation with 0.1 m 2-mercaptoethanol or 0.01 m ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The effect of EDTA can be reversed by excess MgSO(4). Reversibly oxidized SO is activated by cleavage of disulfide bonds. When the free sulfhydryl groups of the active SO are alkylated with iodoacetamide, complete and irreversible loss of activity results. Periodate (0.01 m) oxidation also causes complete loss of activity which may be due to oxidation of sulfhydryl groups. SO in the active form reacts with Fe(2+), Cu(2+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+), causing loss of activity in various degrees depending on the ions and the concentration used. Ferric and cupric ions are most effective and cause loss of activity at concentrations on the order of 10(-4)m. The reversibly oxidized form of SO is not influenced by exposure to cupric ions (0.01 m), indicating that the reaction is only with the active form of SO, probably involving the free sulfhydryl groups. These groups may be responsible for the direct binding of the toxin to the target membrane or for the maintenance of the proper conformation for activity.
Integrating Cube Scattering Detector (1970)

The construction, calibration, and use of an integrating cube scattering detector used to measure scattering losses in optical fibers is described. The detector consists of six 1-cm sq silicon solar cells, each sensitive surface of which comprises one interior surface of a cube 1 cm on edge. Small holes in the center of two opposite faces of the cube permit the optical fiber to pass through the detector so that all the scattered light falls on a photosensitive surface.
Improving the Accuracy of Environment-Specific Channel Modeling (2015)

Networking research benefits from controlled, repeatable experimentation using simulation and emulation systems. Making simulations realistic is a challenge for wireless systems and is especially difficult for vehicular networks. This paper presents a general framework for modeling and reproducing environment-specific channel properties. We show that one can estimate localized environment information, and adding such information to state-of-the art channel models significantly increases accuracy. We describe the proposed framework and validate it for fading and line-of-sight effects in vehicle-to-vehicle channels. While suitable models can provide a close approximation of channel conditions, accuracy is limited by the quality of the input information about the environment being modeled. We present a systematic approach to estimating location-specific scattering properties using aerial photography. Using signal-level channel emulation, we show that the improved fading models produce more accurate results at the packet/link level. The error rates of the improved model are 45 and 22 percent lower than using previous state of the art, for Doppler spectrum similarity and packet delivery ratio, respectively. The proposed models-and their implementation-have been designed to minimize run-time complexity while preserving accuracy. The implementation is efficient gh to allow concurrent real-time simulation of many of channels.
Efficient Indices Using Graph Partitioning in RDF Triple Stores (2009)

With the advance of the semantic Web, varying RDF data were increasingly generated, published, queried, and reused via the Web. For example, the DBpedia, a community effort to extract structured data from Wikipedia articles, broke 100 million RDF triples in its latest release. Initiated by Tim Berners-Lee,likewise, the Linking Open Data (LOD) project has published and interlinked many open licence datasets which consisted of over 2 billion RDF triples so far. In this context, fast query response over such large scaled data would be one of the challenges to existing RDF data stores. In this paper, we propose a novel triple indexing scheme to help RDF query engine fast locate the instances within a small scope. By considering the RDF data as a graph, we would partition the graph into multiple subgraph pieces and store them individually, over which a signature tree would be built up to index the URIs. When a query arrives, the signature tree index is used to fast locate the partitions that might include the matches of the query by its constant URIs. Our experiments indicate that the indexing scheme dramatically reduces the query processing time in most cases because many partitions would be early filtered out and the expensive exact matching is only performed over a quite small scope against the original dataset.
Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by derivatives of N-hydroxysuccinimide. A structure-activity-relationship study (1989)

A series of compounds derived from 3-alkyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide have been synthesized and their inhibitory activity toward human leukocyte elastase has been investigated. Compounds having an isobutyl or isopropyl group at the C-3 position have been found to be particularly effective inactivators of the enzyme. The introduction of a trans-styryl group (as in compounds 16 and 18) results in a drastic enhancement in inhibitory activity indicative of a favorable interaction between the phenyl ring and the S2' subsite of the enzyme. The compounds were found to be highly stable in buffer solution with no apparent change in structural integrity after 17 h (the period of observation). Studies with model compounds and high-field NMR indicate that these compounds function as mechanism-based inhibitors of the enzyme. Porcine pancreatic elastase is not inhibited by these compounds, while chymotrypsin and human leukocyte cathepsin G are also efficiently inactivated.
RT-PCR Study on the Effects of Minimally Modified Low-Density Lipoproteins and Probucol Treatment on Gene Expressions of lnterleukin-1 and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor B-Chain in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (1996)

Oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein has been identified in early atherosclerotic lesions and may play an important role in atherogenesis. Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (MM-LDL) derived by prolonged storage under sterile conditions results in mild oxidation and is recognised by the LDL receptor rather than the scavenger receptor. Therefore, it may be closer to the real pathophysiological circumstances in the initial state of atherosclerosis. Using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, the present study demonstrates that MM-LDL is capable of inducing gene expression of both interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleuking-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a dose-dependent manner. Concomitant treatment of the cells with the anti-oxidant probucol results in an inhibitory effect in steady-state levels of both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA and the effects were also shown in a dose-dependent fashion. We also found an inhibitory effect of MM-LDL on gene expression of platelet-derived growth factor B chain (PDGF-B) mRNA levels by mononuclear cells. Hence MM-LDL is biologically active and may contribute to the early stages of atherogenesis by stimulating the inflammatory cytokine IL-1 and the efficacy of probucol in inhibiting the progression of atherosclerosis may be due, both to its inhibition of IL-1 expression by intimal macrophages, and its prevention of LDL oxidation.
Functional Characterization of Intracellular and Secreted Forms of a Truncated Hepatitis C Virus E2 Glycoprotein (2000)

The E2 protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is believed to be a virion surface glycoprotein that is a candidate for inclusion in an antiviral vaccine. A truncated soluble version of E2 has recently been shown to interact with CD81, suggesting that this protein may be a component of the receptor for HCV. When expressed in eukaryotic cells, a significant proportion of E2 forms misfolded aggregates. To analyze the specificity of interaction between E2 and CD81, the aggregated and monomeric forms of a truncated E2 glycoprotein (E2(661)) were separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and analyzed for CD81 binding. Nonaggregated forms of E2 preferentially bound CD81 and a number of conformation-dependent monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Furthermore, intracellular forms of E2(661) were found to bind CD81 with greater affinity than the extracellular forms. Intracellular and secreted forms of E2(661) were also found to differ in reactivity with MAbs and human sera, consistent with differences in antigenicity. Together, these data indicate that proper folding of E2 is important for its interaction with CD81 and that modifications of glycans can modulate this interaction. Identification of the biologically active forms of E2 will assist in the future design of vaccines to protect against HCV infection.
A cache-friendly truncated FFT (2008)

We describe a cache-friendly version of van der Hoeven's truncated FFT and inverse truncated FFT, focusing on the case of `large' coefficients, such as those arising in the Schonhage--Strassen algorithm for multiplication in Z[x]. We describe two implementations and examine their performance.
Generation and 1,200-km transmission of 448-Gb/s ETDM 56-Gbaud PDM 16-QAM using a single I/Q modulator (2010)

We generate 56-Gbaud PDM 16-QAM using electronic time-division multiplexing (ETDM) and a four-level-driven I/Q modulator. The 448-Gb/s line-rate signal is transmitted over 1,200 km of ultra-large-area fiber and coherently received by two 32.5-GHz oscilloscopes with >5.5 effective bits.
Complications of Inject able Synthetic Polymers in Facial Augmentation (1997)

Injectable synthetic polymers can produce significant complications including deformity and inflammatory tissue destruction, the control of which is complicated by the difficulty of removing the materials. Removable tissue fillers, such as e-PTFE, or natural materials such as collagen, autologous, fat, or Alloderm, should be considered instead.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Arrangement of Hyperplanes in Locality-Sensitive Hashing (2014)

Since Hamming distances can be calculated by bitwise computations, they can be calculated with a lighter computational load than L2 distances. Similarity searches can therefore be performed faster in Hamming distance space. On the other hand, the arrangement of hyperplanes induces a transformation from the feature vectors into feature bit strings, which are elements of the Hamming distance space. This transformation is a type of locality-sensitive hashing that has been attracting attention as a way of performing approximate similarity searches at high speed. Supervised learning of hyperplane arrangements enables us to devise a method that transforms the higher-dimensional feature vectors into feature bit strings that reflect the information about the labels applied to feature vectors. In this paper, we propose a supervised learning method for hyperplane arrangements in feature space that uses a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. We consider the probability density functions used during learning and evaluate their performance. We also consider the sampling method for data pairs needed in learning and evaluate its performance. The performance evaluations indicate that the accuracy of this learning method, when using a suitable probability density function and sampling method, is greater than those of existing learning methods.
Controlled/“Living” Radical Polymerization of 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTControlled/"Living" Radical Polymerization of 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl MethacrylateXuan Zhang, Jianhui Xia, and Krzysztof MatyjaszewskiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 15, 5167–5169Publication Date (Web):July 9, 1998Publication History Received25 March 1998Revised5 June 1998Published online9 July 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma980477jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma980477jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3747Altmetric-Citations195LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ligands,Polymerization,Polymers,Radical polymerization,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Mutated bacteriorhodopsins-versatile media in optical image processing (1994)

Mutated bacteriorhodopsins are considered as versatile media in optical image processing. The following topics are discussed: the biological function of bacteriorhodopsin (BR); the photocycle of BR; light-controlled absorption of BR films; BR films in transmission- and reflection-type dynamic holograms; holographic interferometry (image processing in the time domain); holographic pattern recognition (image processing in the space domain).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of panel loudspeaker system: Design, evaluation and enhancement (2001)

Panel speakers are investigated in terms of structural vibration and acoustic radiation. A panel speaker primarily consists of a panel and an inertia exciter. Contrary to conventional speakers, flexural resonance is encouraged such that the panel vibrates as randomly as possible. Simulation tools are developed to facilitate system integration of panel speakers. In particular, electro-mechanical analogy, finite element analysis, and fast Fourier transform are employed to predict panel vibration and the acoustic radiation. Design procedures are also summarized. In order to compare the panel speakers with the conventional speakers, experimental investigations were undertaken to evaluate frequency response, directional response, sensitivity, efficiency, and harmonic distortion of both speakers. The results revealed that the panel speakers suffered from a problem of sensitivity and efficiency. To alleviate the problem, a woofer using electronic compensation based on H2 model matching principle is utilized to supplement the bass response. As indicated in the result, significant improvement over the panel speaker alone was achieved by using the combined panel-woofer system.