gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous-time model identification by using adaptive observer -Estimation of the initial state (2006)

Importance of the continuous-time model identification is increasing as the computer becomes faster. The main difference between the continuous-time model identification and the discrete-time model identification lies not only in the information loss incurred by sampling but also in the fact that the transient term must be taken into account in the continuous-time identification. This paper proposes a continuous-time model estimation method from sampled I/O data with the ZOH input assumption. The initial state of the plant is estimated by using a backward system of the plant. An upper bound of the plant degree is assumed to be known. Numerical example shows that the proposed method performs well as the conventional method with an initial state estimation
Interconnection of large-scale LANs via a two-stage switching hub for multimedia applications (2002)

As broadband multimedia applications to the desk top are becoming popular today, the high-speed bandwidth demand from a single user will occupy large shares of the LAN's channel capacity. Therefore, the evolution of LAN technologies has shifted from shared to dedicated media. More and more LANs are being installed and their interconnection will require parallel switching techniques such as a high-speed switching hub. The ATM small cell-size switching approach is intended to accommodate the mixed media such as voice, data and video. To fulfil the switching cost, bandwidth and latency criteria, a two-stage switching hub for LAN interconnection is designed and presented in this paper. The packet switching technique is used in the first stage switching to efficiently interconnect the local LANs. For the second stage design, the ATM cell switching is adopted to accommodate multimedia traffic and internetworking among LANs and WANs. The switching architecture including both the packet and cell switching units is thoroughly described. The message flow and routing mechanism are presented in the paper. This architecture has been proved to have the advantages of very low latency, flexible scalability and easy routing management with two-way learning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Technology aspects of a CMOS neuro-sensor: back end process and packaging (2004)

A CMOS-compatible process is presented which allows to realize sensor arrays for non-invasive, extracellular, high density, long term recording of neural activity. A high-permittivity biocompatible dielectric is used to capacitively couple nerve cell-induced biological signals to the CMOS circuitry-based electronic world. The transducer consists of a multi layer of TiO/sub 2/ and ZrO/sub 2/ and is fabricated in the backend of a 0.5 /spl mu/m standard CMOS technology. Living cells are cultured within a specific package on top of the sensor chip. First measurements reveal proper operation of the chip.
Fabrication of Gold Dot and Tubular Gold Arrays Using Anodic Aluminum Oxide Film as Template (2005)

We attempted to fabricate highly ordered gold dot and tubular gold arrays by thermal evaporation and radio frequency (rf) sputtering deposition using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film as template. Both arrays were precisely reproduced corresponding to the hexagonal structure of the AAO film. In the gold dot arrays, the average diameter of dots is approximately the same as the AAO pore sizes in the range from 65 to 90 nm. Using rf sputtering deposition, tubular gold arrays were formed. The tubular gold arrays were 65 nm in inner diameter, 20 nm in wall thickness and 100 nm in intercenter spacing. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) indicated that the gold dot and tubular gold arrays mainly consisted of a precious metal gold.
Blood Flow Structure Related to Red Cell Flow: Determinant of Blood Fluidity in Narrow Microvessels (2001)

The review article deals with phenomena of the blood flow structure (structuring) in narrow microvessels-capillaries and the adjacent arterioles and venules. It is particularly focused on the flow behavior of red blood cells (RBCs), namely, on their specific arrangements of mutual interaction while forming definite patterns of self-organized microvascular flow. The principal features of the blood flow structure in microvessels, including capillaries, include axial RBC flow and parietal plasma layer, velocity profile in larger microvessels, plug (or bolus) flow in narrow capillaries, and deformation and specific behavior of the RBCs in the flow. The actual blood flow structuring in microvessels seems to be a most significant factor in the development of pathological conditions, including arterial hypertension, brain and cardiac infarctions, inflammation, and many others. The blood flow structuring might become a basic concept in determining the blood rheological properties and disorders in the narrow microvessels. No solid theoretical (biorheological) basis of the blood flow structuring in microvessel has been found, but in the future it might become a foundation for a better understanding of the mechanisms of these properties under normal and pathological conditions in the narrowest microvessels 5 to 25 microm large. It is also a topic for further biorheological research directed to find the background of actual physiopathological phenomena in the microcirculation.
Hidden Markov models and artificial neural networks for speech and speaker recognition (1998)

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 1860 (1998) Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-1860Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2016-08-08
THE COMPETITION BETWEEN BARLEY AND CERTAIN WEEDS UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS (1950)

Chickweed (Stellaria media) is one of the commonest annual weeds on almost all soils, and forms 20–30 % of the weed herbage on the lower greensand soils of Woburn, Beds. It occurs in all crops in this area except on very acid soils. When barley and chickweed are planted together, with abundance of water and nutrients for both, it is found that increasing the density of planting of the barley reduces the loss due to chickweed competition, but even with very close‐planted barley, the loss caused by the weed amounts to nearly two‐thirds of the total fresh weight and to four‐fifths of the grain yields. This is much greater than with the two annual weeds previously studied (spurrey and mayweed). In a sparse crop of barley, increase in chickweed growth may reduce the barley to less than 10 % of its growth without the weed, while the chickweed itself is relatively little affected by the presence of the barley. There is no evidence of any specific effect of the roots of the one plant on the other; they intertwine without any sign of attraction or repulsion between them. Comparisons are made with other annual weeds previously studied, and it is suggested that the method adopted furnishes a means of assessing the relative effectiveness of these weeds in competing with barley.
TDP-43 neurotoxicity and protein aggregation modulated by heat shock factor and insulin/IGF-1 signaling (2011)

TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) plays a key role in the neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The nature of the TDP-43-mediated neurotoxicity associated with these diseases is not yet understood. Here, we have established transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans models that express human TDP-43 variants in the nervous system, including the full-length wild-type (WT) and mutant proteins and a pathologic C-terminal fragment. The C. elegans models developed severe locomotor defects associated with the aggregation of TDP-43 in neurons. In comparison to parallel Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase worm models, transgenic full-length TDP-43, including the WT protein, was highly neurotoxic. In addition, TDP-43 demonstrated an unusually high tendency to aggregate, a property intrinsic to the WT protein. The C-terminal 25 kDa fragment of TDP-43 was unstable but remarkably aggregation-prone. Distinct disulfide-linked TDP-43 dimers and oligomers were detected. In C. elegans, the neurotoxicity and the protein aggregation of TDP-43 were regulated by environmental temperature and heat shock transcriptional factor 1, indicating that a deficiency in protein quality control is a risk factor for TDP-43 proteinopathy. Furthermore, the neurotoxicity and the protein aggregation of TDP-43 can be significantly attenuated by a deficiency in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling in C. elegans and mammalian cells. These results suggest that protein misfolding underlies the aging-dependent neurodegeneration associated with TDP-43 and that the insulin/IGF-1 signaling may be a target for therapies.
Statistical modeling of long-term grapevine response to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection in the field (2017)

Bois noir (BN) is the most widespread European grapevine yellows disease caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’. Although our knowledge of the mechanisms of interactions of this pathogenic bacteria with host is largely unknown, the plant-pathogen system of BN is commonly used as a model system for studying grapevine yellows diseases. We applied here a conceptual model of general plant pathology – a disease triangle for describing interactions among the host plant, the pathogen and the environment. We generated a proof-of-concept statistical model for disease triangle using original experimental data and different statistical and data mining approaches for a selected system of ‘Ca. P. solani’ infection of cv. ‘Chardonnay’ grapevine plants. We monitored individual plants from a single vineyard over a period of six years. Phytoplasma content, the expression of 21 selected grapevine genes and environmental conditions were recorded and related to disease severity. Our model predicts that in described conditions BN is a function of the expression of grapevine gene VvDMR6, summer rainfall and abundance of ‘Ca. P. solani’. The greatest impact among elements of the disease triangle is attributed to the pathogen, and is independent of the pathogen titer. We showed that this first de facto representation of the disease triangle is useful for showing disease dynamics over several years and could be applied to other plant-pathogen systems. The overall results of this study will contribute to understanding of ‘Ca. P. solani’ biology and its interactions with grapevine host.
The axillary nerve and its relationship to common sports medicine shoulder procedures (1986)

Cadaveric dissections have demonstrated the precarious nature of the axillary nerve with relationship to three common sports medicine shoulder procedures: the anteroinferior acromioplasty and rotator cuff repair incision, the inferior capsular shift procedure, and the posterior portal for shoulder arthroscopy.
Axial Flux Cycloidal Magnetic Gears (2013)

The radial flux cycloid permanent magnet gear is characterized by a high gear ratio and a high torque density due to the use of one air gap. There are at least three disadvantages of this gear: 1) eccentric motion of the output rotor must be transferred to concentric shaft rotation; 2) the bearing loads are very large due to the offset rotor rotation; and 3) parasitic counterweights are required to suppress vibration associated with the eccentric rotation. The axial flux cycloidal gear solves the first disadvantage and partially the second. In this embodiment, a disk of magnets is sandwiched between the two fixed disks. That disk is allowed to spin freely on its own axis, but is moved eccentrically around the axis of the stator disks. The result is similar to the function of a radial flux cycloid, but with the elimination of the large bearing loads registered on the radial cycloid rotor. This paper describes the operation and construction of this unusual gear along with calculations for output load performance. The cogging torque for this device is essentially zero. A magnetic coupling technique is also presented for transferring the eccentric output torque to the stationary lab frame.
Structured Metallic Films for Optical and Spectroscopic Applications via Colloidal Crystal Templating (2001)

Two new methods of preparing thin porous metallic films, based on controlled co-crystallization of latex microspheres and gold nanoparticles, have been developed by these authors. The new materials show interesting optical properties and excellent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) activity. The Figure shows a square pore array obtained at a specific film thickness.
Clinical efficacy of tetracaine anesthetic paste. (2013)

Benzocaine, the most commonly used topical anesthetic in dentistry, often fails to eliminate the pain associated with injections. One type of anesthetic used frequently in medicine with success is tetracaine, but minimal research has been done regarding the application of tetracaine in dentistry. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tetracaine anesthetic paste (TAP), a newly formulated topical anesthetic. For this study, TAP was applied to the maxillary mucobuccal fold of one side of the arch and benzocaine paste was applied to the opposite side prior to injection of anesthetic. Patients then reported the level of pain experienced on each side and were evaluated for any adverse reactions. The results showed no difference in effectiveness between TAP and benzocaine paste, and no adverse reactions were reported. Because of the safety and effectiveness of tetracaine extraorally, further research is warranted on its intraoral use.
2-Butanol safety warning (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXT2-Butanol safety warningRichard R. Doyle Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 2, 186Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1986Published inissue 1 February 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ed063p186.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views792Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (925 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In-Situ Generation of Differential Sensors that Fingerprint Kinases and the Cellular Response to Their Expression (2013)

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are responsible for many cellular functions, and their malfunction manifests itself in several human diseases. Usually, monitoring the phosphorylation states of MAP kinases in vitro requires the preparation and purification of the proteins or Western blotting. Herein, we report an array sensing approach for the differentiation of MAP kinases and their phosphorylated counterparts in vitro. This technique utilizes a library of differential receptors created in situ containing peptides known for affinity to MAP kinases, and a Zn(II)-dipicolylamine complex that binds phosphate groups on proteins. An indicator-displacement assay signals the binding of the individual receptors to the kinases, while chemometrics is used to create a fingerprint for the kinases and their state of activity. For example, linear discriminant analysis correctly identified kinase activity with a classification accuracy of 97.5% in vitro, while the cellular response to kinase expression was classified with 100% accuracy.
Costs of asthma are correlated with severity: a 1-yr prospective study (2001)

Asthma prevalence is increasing and asthma-related costs are likely to increase, but few studies have analysed the relationship of asthma costs and severity. The impact of severity on costs was quantified in a cohort of 318 asthmatic patients followed up prospectively for 1 yr. Patients presenting with a broad range of severity of the disease (intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, severe persistent) were recruited by chest physicians throughout France and treated for 1 yr according to customary clinical practice and following international guidelines. Severity, direct and indirect costs, and quality of life (QoL) were assessed. A multivariate analysis was conducted to relate factors contributing to the costs measured. Mean direct costs for goods and services excluding hospitalization, numbers of consultations, supplementary examinations, and the use and cost of bronchodilators and corticosteroids, indirect costs of days lost from work, and adverse QoL parameters all increased significantly with increasing severity. This also applied to mean age, body weight, asthma duration, depression of forced expiratory volume in one second, and inhaled corticosteroid posology in the 234 patients completing the study. There was a significant relationship (r=0.614, p<0.001) between direct costs (hospitalization and cures were excluded) and three domains of the QoL questionnaire (mobility, pain and energy). Overall costs of asthma (including individual direct costs, indirect costs, and intangible quality of life costs) are clearly related to severity. This is the first study in asthma to combine rigorous independent classification of grades of severity in statistically valid numbers of patients of grades receiving "real-world" treatment and followed-up prospectively for 1 yr. It allowed severity to be accurately related to direct, indirect and intangible costs of asthma. Quality of life explained a significant part of these costs.
Reaction of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-ones with acid anhydride. IV. (1981)

The reaction of 2-substituted 1-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-ones (THQ) with acetic anhydride afforded two types of products depending on the number of C2-substituents. The reaction of 2-monosubstituted 1-methyl-THQ (6) gave the corresponding N3-acetyl-THQ derivatives (7), while the reaction of 2, 2-disubstituted 1-methyl-THQ (8) afforded rearranged products, 2, 3-disubstituted 1-methyl-1, 4-dihydroquinolin-4-ones (9). A mechanism is proposed for the reaction of 8 to give 9.
Acute liver failure: mechanisms of immune-mediated liver injury (2010)

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a syndrome of diverse aetiology, including hepatic encephalopathy, renal, cardiac and pulmonary failures, which result in a rapid loss of hepatic function. The mechanisms of liver injury contributing to ALF can be summarized into two categories: direct damage and immune-mediated liver injury. This review summarizes current concepts of immune-mediated liver injury from both clinical studies and animal models. We highlight immune responses of ALF from the liver injury perspective, which combines a variety of molecular and cellular mechanisms, particularly, the contribution of cytokines and the innate immune system. Hepatic and circulating inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in the pathophysiology of ALF including hepatocyte necrosis, extrahepatic complications and hepatocyte regeneration. Overproduction of cytokines, if unchecked, is hazardous to the host and may cause severe outcomes. Measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines in ALF may be of value for predictors of outcome. Innate and adaptive immune systems both involved in ALF contribute to immune-mediated liver injury. The innate immune response is activated much more rapidly compared with adaptive immunity, particularly in acute liver injury where the host has little time to trigger an effective adaptive immune response. From this point of view, the innate immune system may make a more profound contribution than the adaptive immune system. Furthermore, immune responses crosstalk with other physiological or pathophysiological factors, for example, coagulation factors which in turn determine the outcome of ALF and these are discussed.
Interruption of ganglioside synthesis produces central nervous system degeneration and altered axon–glial interactions (2005)

Gangliosides, which are sialylated glycosphingolipids, are the major class of glycoconjugates on neurons and carry the majority of the sialic acid within the central nervous system (CNS). To determine the role of ganglioside synthesis within the CNS, mice carrying null mutations in two critical ganglioside-specific glycosyltransferase genes, Siat9 (encoding GM3 synthase) and Galgt1 (encoding GM2 synthase), were generated. These double-null mice were unable to synthesize gangliosides of the ganglio-series of glycosphingolipids, which are the major ganglioside class in the CNS. Soon after weaning, viable mice developed a severe neurodegenerative disease that resulted in death. Histopathological examination revealed striking vacuolar pathology in the white matter regions of the CNS with axonal degeneration and perturbed axon-glia interactions. These results indicate that ganglioside synthesis is essential for the development of a stable CNS, possibly by means of the promotion of interactions between axon and glia.
Preparation of an acrylics‐grafted polyester and its aqueous dispersion (1999)

An investigation was undertaken to develop a new class of water-borne polyesters having excellent dispersibility without using emulsifiers. Grafting reactions of hydrophilic acrylics to polyesters and the relationships between reaction conditions and the dispersion diameters are discussed. Aqueous dispersions of particles having small diameters were obtained by use of an unsaturated polyester. Particle diameters were related to the grafting efficiency that could be enhanced by copolymerization of reactive monomers with the unsaturated bonds of polyesters. The relationships between particle diameters and the kind of acrylic monomers were described by the copolymerization reactivity ratio of the unsaturated polyester and acrylic monomers. Also, the influences of the solvency of the reaction medium and the influence of concentration of unsaturated bonds of the polyesters in the reaction medium were discussed to explain the low reactivity between the unsaturated bonds and acrylic monomers. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1817–1825, 1999