gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online Speech/Music Segmentation Based on the Variance Mean of Filter Bank Energy (2009)

This paper presents a novel feature for online speech/music segmentation based on the variance mean of filter bank energy (VMFBE). The idea that encouraged the feature's construction is energy variation in a narrow frequency sub-band. The energy varies more rapidly, and to a greater extent for speech than for music. Therefore, an energy variance in such a sub-band is greater for speech than for music. The radio broadcast database and the BNSI broadcast news database were used for feature discrimination and segmentation ability evaluation. The calculation procedure of the VMFBE feature has 4 out of 6 steps in common with the MFCC feature calculation procedure. Therefore, it is a very convenient speech/music discriminator for use in real-time automatic speech recognition systems based on MFCC features, because valuable processing time can be saved, and computation load is only slightly increased. Analysis of the feature's speech/music discriminative ability shows an average error rate below 10% for radio broadcast material and it outperforms other features used for comparison, by more than 8%. The proposed feature as a stand-alone speech/music discriminator in a segmentation system achieves an overall accuracy of over 94% on radio broadcast material.
(±)-3-[4‘-(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethylamino)cinnamyl]benzazepine Analogs:  Novel Dopamine D<sub>1</sub> Receptor Antagonists (1996)

Neurochemical studies and structure-activity relationships of dopamine D1 receptor ligands suggest that their intrinsic activity may depend on the conformational state or binding site at which they interact on the receptor protein. Important differences in the modes of binding of these ligands may confer their agonist, partial agonist, or antagonist properties. In an effort to develop novel dopamine D1 antagonists and investigate the D1 antagonist pharmacophore, a series of (+/-)-(N-alkylamino)benzazepines were prepared in which (+/-)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-[6-(N,N-dimethylamino)hexyl]-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (1) demonstrated the highest binding affinity (Ki = 49.3 nM) and selectivity to dopamine D1 receptors. This compound inhibited dopamine-stimulated adenylyl cyclase, in rat caudate, confirming a D1 receptor antagonist profile. From this initial series of N-alkylamino-substituted benzazepines, structure-activity relationships suggested that the terminal amino function was necessary for optimal binding affinity and selectivity at D1 vs D2 sites. Further, addition of this side chain to the D1 agonist pharmacophore (e.g., 7,8-dihydroxy-3-[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)butyl]-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-3-benzazepine) greatly decreased binding affinity at D1 receptors. These data suggested that a binding domain that may be unique to the D1 antagonists may have been identified. In an attempt to exploit an apparent amine-accepting binding domain on the D1 receptor, a series of (+/-)-3-[4'-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamyl]benzazepine analogs was designed and prepared, as D1 antagonists. In this series, (+/-)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-[4'-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamyl]-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5 -tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (6a) showed the highest binding affinity (Ki = 60.3 nM) for dopamine D1 receptors. Compound 6a was a potent dopamine D1 antagonist as evidenced by its ability to block dopamine-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in rat caudate (predicted Ki value = 18.4 nM). Molecular modeling studies demonstrated that the most potent and selective dopamine D1 antagonists, in both series, contained terminal amino groups 8-9 A away from the 3-position benzazepine nitrogen. Compounds that lacked a terminal amine function or where this moiety was less than 7 A away from the benzazepine nitrogen demonstrated significantly lower binding affinities. Therefore, this series of (+/-)-3-[4'-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamyl]benzazepines also appears to be identifying an amine-accepting binding domain on the dopamine D1 receptor protein that may be further explored for the development of novel dopamine D1 antagonists.
The diuretic bumetanide decreases autistic behaviour in five infants treated during 3 months with no side effects (2010)

Bumetanide decreases autistic behaviour with no side effects suggesting that diuretic agents may exert beneficial effects on IAS and that alterations of the actions of GABA may be efficient in IAS treatment calling for large scale randomized trials.
Plasma deposition of ultrathin films of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate): surface analysis and protein adsorption measurements (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlasma deposition of ultrathin films of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate): surface analysis and protein adsorption measurementsGabriel P. Lopez, Buddy D. Ratner, Richard J. Rapoza, and Thomas A. HorbettCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 13, 3247–3253Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00065a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00065a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views474Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lapatinib: A novel EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor for cancer (2006)

Lapatinib is an oral dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), both frequently overexpressed in human cancer. Preclinical data have shown that lapatinib is a potent and selective inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR and HER2, and tumor cells that overexpress these receptors are growth inhibited by lapatinib both in vitro and in vivo. Phase I clinical trials have shown that lapatinib is well tolerated, with mild diarrhea and rash the most frequent toxicities, and early evidence of clinical efficacy has been reported especially in HER2-positive breast cancer. Phase II studies have shown activity for lapatinib in trastuzumab-refractory breast cancer either alone or in combination with trastuzumab. When used as first-line monotherapy for advanced breast cancer, objective tumor responses have been seen in 28% of patients with untreated HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. An extensive phase III program in advanced breast cancer is now in progress both for refractory disease and as first-line therapy in combination with chemotherapy with and without trastuzumab, and with endocrine therapy. Phase II studies have also been conducted in a variety of other tumors, including renal cell cancer. Parallel biomarker studies are starting to elucidate predictive molecular phenotypes that may indicate likelihood of response to lapatinib, and these may direct future trials with this oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Five-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Multicenter Trial of Intensive Early Intervention vs Standard Treatment for Patients With a First Episode of Psychotic Illness (2008)

The intensive early-intervention program improved clinical outcome after 2 years, but the effects were not sustainable up to 5 years later. Secondary outcome measures showed differences in the proportion of patients living in supported housing and days in hospital at the 5-year follow-up in favor of the intensive early-intervention program.
Laminin-511 and -521-based matrices for efficient ex vivo-expansion of human limbal epithelial progenitor cells (2017)

Optimization of culture conditions for human limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LEPC) that incorporate the in vivo cell-matrix interactions are essential to enhance LEPC ex vivo-expansion and transplantation efficiency. Here, we investigate the efficacy of laminin (LN) isoforms preferentially expressed in the limbal niche as culture matrices for epithelial tissue engineering. Analyses of expression patterns of LN chains in the human limbal niche provided evidence for enrichment of LN-α2, -α3, -α5, -β1, -β2, -β3, -γ1, -γ2 and -γ3 chains in the limbal basement membrane, with LN-α5 representing a signature component specifically produced by epithelial progenitor cells. Recombinant human LN-521 and LN-511 significantly enhanced in vitro LEPC adhesion, migration and proliferation compared to other isoforms, and maintained phenotype stability. The bioactive LN-511-E8 fragment carrying only C-terminal domains showed similar efficacy as full-length LN-511. Functional blocking of α3β1 and α6β1 integrins suppressed adhesion of LEPC to LN-511/521-coated surfaces. Cultivation of LEPC on fibrin-based hydrogels incorporating LN-511-E8 resulted in firm integrin-mediated adhesion to the scaffold and well-stratified epithelial constructs, with maintenance of a progenitor cell phenotype in their (supra)basal layers. Thus, the incorporation of chemically defined LN-511-E8 into biosynthetic scaffolds represents a promising approach for xeno-free corneal epithelial tissue engineering for ocular surface reconstruction.
Experimental study of quantum size effects in thin metal films by electron tunneling (1975)

Periodic structure in the electron tunneling spectra of Pb, Mg, Au, and Ag has been observed. Such spectra represent in fact a direct observation of size-dependent electronic states in thin metal films. Films with thicknesses from 100 to 1000 \AA{} were studied and the effect on the electronic standing-wave energies was measured. The physical model for these effects and their observability involve the existence of so-called commensurate states. The spacing of the quantized energy levels provides a direct measurement of the electron group velocity while their location in energy determines the position of band edges and other critical energy states in the band structure of the metals. In some cases, the effective mass can also be determined. A qualitative theoretical picture is sufficient to understand all of the sailient features of the observations. A number of experiments including alloying, strain, and electric field modulation are also described.
Growth of silicon/carbon microrods on graphite microspheres as improved anodes for lithium-ion batteries (2013)

We report a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to grow silicon/carbon (Si/C) microrods on the surface of commercial graphite microspheres (GMs) to prepare Si/C/GM composite materials as Li-ion battery anodes. Dimethyldichlorosilane and toluene were used as Si and C precursors, respectively. The CVD temperature and time, as well as the mechanism of materials growth were investigated. The samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the obtained Si/C/GM composites with an urchin-like morphology are composed of Si particles, amorphous carbon, and graphite. The CVD conditions have a significant impact on the morphology and electrochemical performance of the composite materials. The composite prepared under the optimum CVD conditions, namely at 900 °C for 5 h, displayed the best anode properties with a specific capacity of 562.0 mA h g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1, much higher than that of GMs (361.0 mA h g−1), and a good cycling performance (i.e., a reversible capacity of 590.5 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles). The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the incorporation of Si, together with the formation of a Si/C microrod network, which connects the GMs and buffers the volume change of Si during lithium ion insertion/extraction. The work provides a simple and low-cost route to enhance the performance of commercial graphite anode materials for Li-ion batteries.
Calculated nuclear shielding surfaces in the water molecule; prediction and analysis of sigma(O), sigma(H) and sigma(D) in water isotopomers (1999)

Udgivelsesdato: 11 June 1999
Synthetic furocoumarins. Xanthotoxin and methylxanthotoxins (1966)

Abstract The synthesis of 4‐methylxanthotoxin (X), 4,5′‐dimethylxanthotoxin (XXIV) and the hitherto unknown 5′‐methylxanthotoxin (XXIII) are described, using 6‐allyl‐7‐hydroxy‐8‐methoxycoumarin (XV) and its 4‐methyl derivative (XVII) as intermediates.
CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE PARETO DISTRIBUTION BY CONDITIONAL EXPECTATIONS OF RECORD VALUES (2003)

Let X<TEX>$_1$</TEX>, X<TEX>$_2$</TEX>,... be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with continuous cumulative distribution function F(x). X<TEX>$_j$</TEX> is an upper record value of this sequence if X<TEX>$_j$</TEX> > max {X<TEX>$_1$</TEX>,X<TEX>$_2$</TEX>,...,X<TEX>$_{j-1}$</TEX>}. We define u(n)=min{j<TEX>$\mid$</TEX>j> u(n-1), X<TEX>$_j$</TEX> > X<TEX>$_{u(n-1)}$</TEX>, n <TEX>$\geq$</TEX> 2} with u(1)=1. Then F(x) = 1-x<TEX>$^{\theta}$</TEX>, x > 1, <TEX>${\theta}$</TEX> < -1 if and only if (<TEX>${\theta}$</TEX>+1)E[X<TEX>$_{u(n+1)}$</TEX><TEX>$\mid$</TEX>X<TEX>$_{u(m)}$</TEX>=y] = <TEX>${\theta}E[X_{u(n)}<TEX>$\mid$</TEX>X_{u(m)}=y], (\theta+1)^2E[X_{u(n+2)}<TEX>$\mid$</TEX>X_{u(m)}=y] = \theta^2E[X_{u(n)}<TEX>$\mid$</TEX>X_{u(m)}=y], or (\theta+1)^3E[X_{u(n+3)}<TEX>$\mid$</TEX>X_{u(m)}=y] = \theta^3E[X_{u(n)}<TEX>$\mid$</TEX>X_{u(m)}=y], n <TEX>$\geq$</TEX> M+1$</TEX>.
Active Audience Theory: Pendulums and Pitfalls (1993)

Journal Article Active Audience Theory: Pendulums and Pitfalls Get access David Morley David Morley 1David Morley is a reader in communications at Goldsmiths’College, University of London. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 43, Issue 4, December 1993, Pages 13–19, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01299.x Published: 07 February 2006
Pharmacological Heterogeneity of Both Endothelin ETA- and ETB-Receptors in the Human Saphenous Vein (1995)

To study endothelin receptor subtypes that mediate the smooth muscle contraction of human saphenous vein, effects of some endothelin-receptor agonists and antagonists were examined. Endothelin (ET)-1 and sarafotoxin 6b (S6b) elicited potent concentration-dependent contractions with similar pD2 values and similar maximal responses. Selective ETB-receptor agonists, sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) and IRL1620 (Suc-[Glu9,Ala11,15]-endothelin-1(8-21)), also caused contractions, but their maximal responses were about one third of that of ET-1. ET-3 showed a biphasic concentration-response curve. An ETA-receptor antagonist, BQ-123 (cyclo(-D-Asp-L-Pro-D-Val-L-Leu-D-Trp-)), an ETA/ETB-receptor antagonist, PD142893 (Ac-D-Dip-Leu-Asp-Ile-Ile-Trp), or the combination of these two antagonists hardly affected the contractile effect of ET-1, while each of them markedly antagonized the effects of higher concentrations of ET-3 and S6b. Contractions induced by lower concentrations of ET-3 and S6b were resistant to these antagonists. The concentration-response curves for S6c and IRL1620 were not affected by BQ-123. The effect of IRL1620 was markedly inhibited by PD142893, while S6c-induced contractions were much more resistant to PD142893. These different sensitivities to antagonists suggested heterogeneity of both ETA- and ETB-receptors [ETA1 (sensitive to BQ-123), ETA2 (resistant to BQ-123), ETB1 (sensitive to PD142893) and ETB2 (resistant to PD142893)] in the human saphenous vein, although contractions mediated by ETB-subtypes have smaller maximal responses than those mediated by the ETA-subtypes.
Quinidine-associated skin discoloration in <i>KCNT1</i> -associated pediatric epilepsy (2017)

A 9-month-old boy with migrating partial seizures of infancy due to a de novo KCNT1 mutation c.2278A>T (p.Ile760Phe) developed bluish discoloration of the hands, feet, and lips (figure) during a 9-month trial of quinidine (40 mg/kg/d; level 3.4 μg/mL).1 There was no exposure to other medications that cause pigmentary changes. Given minimal improvement in seizures and development, quinidine was stopped. Discoloration persisted at 3 months but markedly improved by the 6-month follow-up. Though common with other potassium channel blockers (ezogabine and quinine), such discoloration has only rarely been reported with quinidine, all in adults.2 Epileptologists should be aware of this potential complication of quinidine therapy.
Gel Permeation Chromatography of Natural Rubber (1972)

Abstract The Waters Model 200 Gel Permeation Chromatograph has been used to study the molecular weight distribution of natural rubber. The cumulative weight distribution curve of synthetic cis -polyisoprene from the GPC method showed fair agreement with the distribution obtained by fractional precipitation. For natural rubber the agreement was not so good. Natural rubber samples from six clones of Hevea Brasiliensis were examined with the GPC. Differences were observed in their distributions. Five clones showed a distinct bimodal distribution. The weight and number average molecular weights from the GPC were found to be too low. Some possible reasons for this have been suggested.
Branching of<i>o</i>-nitrobenzoate degradation pathway in<i>Arthrobacter protophormiae</i>RKJ100: identification of new intermediates (2003)

We have earlier reported a novel reductive pathway for o-nitrobenzoate (ONB) degradation (at 0.5 mM) in Arthrobacter protophormiae RKJ100, which proceeds via the formation of o-hydroxylaminobenzoate (HABA) and anthranilate (AA). During growth of this organism at 40 times higher concentration (20 mM) of ONB, 3-hydroxyanthranilate (HAA) was identified as an intermediate by thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography studies. Crude cell extracts of ONB-grown cells showed HAA 3,4-dioxygenase activity suggesting HAA as a terminal aromatic intermediate of the catabolic energy-yielding pathway as shown before in Pseudomonas fluorescens strain KU-7. HAA is further cleaved to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconic-6-semialdehyde by the action of HAA 3,4-dioxygenase. In this report we propose that ONB degradation occurs via the formation of HABA and the pathway branches at this point to form the two different aromatic intermediates AA and HAA by the action of a reductase and a mutase, respectively.
Teratogenic effects on the neuroepithelium of the CD‐1 mouse embryo exposed in utero to sodium valproate (1990)

Abstract A causal association has now been recognized between the use of the anticonvulsant drug sodium valproate during pregnancy and the increased incidence of spina bifida in the human population. The objective of this study was to investigate the teratogenic effects of sodium valproate on the cephalic 1) neuroepithelium, 2) extracellular matrix, and 3) embryonic protein content in the CD‐1 mouse embryo. Nulliparous female CD‐1 mice were dosed intraperitoneally on day 8 of gestation with 340 mg/kg of sodium valproate. On day 10 of gestation, females were killed by cervical dislocation, and all live embryos were assigned to one of the following groups and processed accordingly for: 1) head measurements, 2) scanning electron microscopy, 3) total protein determination, 4) two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 5) immunohistochemistry, and 6) light microscopy. Exposure to sodium valproate at the selected dosage resulted in a 30% incidence of neural tube defects in the cranial region of these embryos. Treated embryos showed a significant reduction in head size, indicating a drug‐induced microcephaly. No major differences were seen in the total embryonic protein patterns between control and treated embryos. Immunoreactivity to laminin and fibronectin showed a similar distribution in control and treated embryos except in the vasculature pattern of the hindbrain neuroepithelium. The neuroepithelium of the treated embryos showed marked disorganization when it was examined histologically, particularly in the forebrain region. Cells were disoriented, and there was a noticeable loss of intercellular adhesion in the juxtaluminal region. Increased cellular blebbing was apparent at the ependymal surface, and large protrusions of cells were seen invading the neural tube lumen. The lumen was distorted in shape and frequently contained blood cells. Irregularities and gaps were observed in the underlying basal lamina. These results suggest that treatment with sodium valproate during a critical time in neurogenesis in the CD‐1 mouse embryo alters the normal architecture of the neuroepithelium, with a loss of integrity at both the basal and apical surfaces. The alterations seen in the neuroepithelium at any of these sites in this animal model could help explain the increased incidence of spina bifida seen in children of epileptic mothers receiving sodium valproate.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 contributes to inflammatory tongue pain via extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis and upper cervical spinal cord (2012)

The present study constructed a new animal model of inflammatory tongue pain in rodents, and demonstrated pivotal roles of the mGluR5-pERK signaling in the development of mechanical and heat hypersensitivity that evolved in the inflamed tongue. This tongue-inflamed model might be useful for future studies to further elucidate molecular and cellular mechanisms of pathological tongue pain such as burning mouth syndrome.
Stroke type differentiation using spectrally constrained multifrequency EIT: evaluation of feasibility in a realistic head model (2014)

We investigate the application of multifrequency electrical impedance tomography (MFEIT) to imaging the brain in stroke patients. The use of MFEIT could enable early diagnosis and thrombolysis of ischaemic stroke, and therefore improve the outcome of treatment. Recent advances in the imaging methodology suggest that the use of spectral constraints could allow for the reconstruction of a one-shot image. We performed a simulation study to investigate the feasibility of imaging stroke in a head model with realistic conductivities. We introduced increasing levels of modelling errors to test the robustness of the method to the most common sources of artefact. We considered the case of errors in the electrode placement, spectral constraints, and contact impedance. The results indicate that errors in the position and shape of the electrodes can affect image quality, although our imaging method was successful in identifying tissues with sufficiently distinct spectra.
Smooth motion planning for car-like vehicles (2001)

Presents a steering method for a car-like vehicle providing smooth paths subjected to curvature constraints. We show how to integrate this steering method in a global motion planning scheme taking obstacles into account. The main idea of the paper is to consider the car as a 4-D system from a kinematic point of view and as a 3-D system from a geometric point of view of collision checking. The resulting planned motions are guaranteed to be collision-free and C/sup 2/ between two cusp points.