gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SIP intrusion detection and prevention: recommendations and prototype implementation (2006)

As VoIP deployment are expected to grow, intrusion problems similar to those of which data networks experience will become very critical. In the early stages of deployment, the intrusion and security problems have not been seriously considered, although they could have a negative impact on VoIP deployment. In the paper, SIP intrusion detection and prevention requirements are analyzed and an IDS/IPS architecture is proposed. A prototype of the proposed architecture was implemented using as a basis the very popular open-source software Snort, a network-based intrusion detection and prevention system. The prototype of the proposed architecture extends the basic functionality of Snort, making use of the preprocessing feature that permits analyzing protocols of layers above the TCP/UDP one. The preprocessors block is a very powerful one since it permits to implement both knowledge and behavior based intrusion detection and prevention techniques in Snort that basically adopts a network based technique. An important requirement of an IPS is that legitimate traffic should be forwarded to the recipient with no apparent disruption or delay of service. Hence, the performance of the proposed architecture has been evaluated in terms of impact that its operation has on the QoS experienced by the VoIP users.
Multihop cellular: a new architecture for wireless communications (2002)

This work presents a new architecture, multihop cellular network (MCN), for wireless communications. MCN preserves the benefit of conventional single-hop cellular networks (SCN) where the service infrastructure is constructed by fixed bases, and it also incorporates the flexibility of ad-hoc networks where wireless transmission through mobile stations in multiple hops is allowed. MCN can reduce the required number of bases or improve the throughput performance, while limiting path vulnerability encountered in ad-hoc networks. In addition, MCN and SCN are analyzed, in terms of mean hop count, hop-by-hop throughput, end-to-end throughput, and mean number of channels (i.e. simultaneous transmissions) under different traffic localities and transmission ranges. Numerical results demonstrate that the throughput of MCN exceeds that of SCN, the former also increases as the transmission range decreases. The above results can be accounted for by the different orders, linear and square, at which the mean hop count and mean number of channels increase, respectively.
Insights into the Conformational Equilibria of Maltose-binding Protein by Analysis of High Affinity Mutants (2003)

The affinity of maltose-binding protein (MBP) for maltose and related carbohydrates was greatly increased by removal of groups in the interface opposite the ligand binding cleft. The wild-type protein has a KD of 1200 nM for maltose; mutation of residues Met-321 and Gln-325, both to alanine, resulted in a KD for maltose of 70 nM; deletion of 4 residues, Glu-172, Asn-173, Lys-175, and Tyr-176, which are part of a poorly ordered loop, results in a KD for maltose of 110 nM. Combining the mutations yields an increased affinity for maltodextrins and a KD of 6 nM for maltotriose. Comparison of ligand binding by the mutants, using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, indicates that decreases in the off-rate are responsible for the increased affinity. Small-angle x-ray scattering was used to demonstrate that the mutations do not significantly affect the solution conformation of MBP in either the presence or absence of maltose. The crystal structures of selected mutants showed that the mutations do not cause significant structural changes in either the closed or open conformation of MBP. These studies show that interactions in the interface opposite the ligand binding cleft, which we term the "balancing interface," are responsible for modulating the affinity of MBP for its ligand. Our results are consistent with a model in which the ligand-bound protein alternates between the closed and open conformations, and removal of interactions in the balancing interface decreases the stability of the open conformation, without affecting the closed conformation.
Efficient Fabrication of Nanoporous Si and Si/Ge Enabled by a Heat Scavenger in Magnesiothermic Reactions (2013)

Magnesiothermic reduction can directly convert SiO2 into Si nanostructures. Despite intense efforts, efficient fabrication of highly nanoporous silicon by Mg still remains a significant challenge due to the exothermic reaction nature. By employing table salt (NaCl) as a heat scavenger for the magnesiothermic reduction, we demonstrate an effective route to convert diatom (SiO2) and SiO2/GeO2 into nanoporous Si and Si/Ge composite, respectively. Fusion of NaCl during the reaction consumes a large amount of heat that otherwise collapses the nano-porosity of products and agglomerates silicon domains into large crystals. Our methodology is potentially competitive for a practical production of nanoporous Si-based materials.
Frequency resolved optical gating characterization of sub-ps pulses from single-section InAs/InP quantum dash based mode-locked lasers (2014)

Mode-locking of single-section Fabry-Pérot InAs/InP edge emitting quantum dash based lasers at 1.56 µm under continuous wave operation is studied by second-harmonic generation frequency resolved optical gating. Self-starting pulses of a width down to 374 fs can be observed after external chirp compensation using standard single-mode fiber (SMF-28). Pulse compression using different lengths of SMF-28 and pulse shape as well as phase dependence on bias conditions are investigated. Consistency with stepped-heterodyne technique for advanced pulse characterization is shown.
Novel Strategies to Delineate Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-Substrate Relationships and Identify Targets to Block MMP Activity (2006)

Adverse extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling contributes to fibrotic disorders in the kidney, lung, and heart. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key enzymes regulating ECM turnover, and MMP inhibition attenuates remodeling. Recent technological developments allow MMP-substrate relationships to be identified and explored as novel therapeutic targets. This review summarizes current and novel strategies to block MMP activity.
BGP Encodings for Multicast in MPLS/BGP IP VPNs (2006)

This document describes the BGP encodings for signaling the
information elements required by Multicast in MPLS/BGP IP VPNs, as
specified in [MVPN].
Peak-to-average power ratio in high-order OFDM (2001)

The problem of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of high-order orthogonal frequency-division modulation (OFDM) is considered. Using results on level crossing of random processes, an upper bound on the probability that the PAPR of an OFDM signal will exceed a given value is derived. Numerical computations are used to show that this bound is tight for low-pass OFDM systems. The central limit theorem is used to find an asymptotic expression for the bound when the number of carriers N grows to infinity. The central limit theorem is also used to find an asymptotic expression for another bound that is based on the envelope of the OFDM signal, and is tighter for bandpass systems. It is shown that, effectively, the PAPR grows as 2lnN and not linearly with N, and by developing a lower bound on the probability that the PAPR of an OFDM signal will exceed a given value, it is shown that asymptotically most OFDM symbols have a PAPR close to 2lnN. Some approaches to coping with the PAPR problem are discussed in light of the obtained results.
Suppression of sub-array quantization lobes (2002)

Summary form only given. A new method for decollimating the quantization lobes (QL) of a scanned array of sub-arrays applies pseudorandomization to the sub-array phases. This breaks the QL up into several lobes, of roughly equal, and lower, amplitude, providing the number of elements is large and the random numbers are good. Most random number tables (and generators) of 100 numbers are only partially random; the random number table should spread out the QL energy, with no excessive peaks. New test cases utilize a linear array of 100 or 102 isotropic radiators, with sub-arrays of 2 or 3 elements, and half-wave element spacing. A random number table (from 0 to 1) is used to adjust the phase applied to each sub-array.
Quality assessment and interference detection in targeted mass spectrometry data using machine learning (2018)

Advances in the field of targeted proteomics and mass spectrometry have significantly improved assay sensitivity and multiplexing capacity. The high-throughput nature of targeted proteomics experiments has increased the rate of data production, which requires development of novel analytical tools to keep up with data processing demand. Currently, development and validation of targeted mass spectrometry assays require manual inspection of chromatographic peaks from large datasets to ensure quality, a process that is time consuming, prone to inter- and intra-operator variability and limits the efficiency of data interpretation from targeted proteomics analyses. To address this challenge, we have developed TargetedMSQC, an R package that facilitates quality control and verification of chromatographic peaks from targeted proteomics datasets. This tool calculates metrics to quantify several quality aspects of a chromatographic peak, e.g. symmetry, jaggedness and modality, co-elution and shape similarity of monitored transitions in a peak group, as well as the consistency of transitions' ratios between endogenous analytes and isotopically labeled internal standards and consistency of retention time across multiple runs. The algorithm takes advantage of supervised machine learning to identify peaks with interference or poor chromatography based on a set of peaks that have been annotated by an expert analyst. Using TargetedMSQC to analyze targeted proteomics data reduces the time spent on manual inspection of peaks and improves both speed and accuracy of interference detection. Additionally, by allowing the analysts to customize the tool for application on different datasets, TargetedMSQC gives the users the flexibility to define the acceptable quality for specific datasets. Furthermore, automated and quantitative assessment of peak quality offers a more objective and systematic framework for high throughput analysis of targeted mass spectrometry assay datasets and is a step towards more robust and faster assay implementation.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 protects neurons from glucose‐induced oxidative injury by increasing intracellular glutathione concentration (2006)

High glucose concentrations cause oxidative injury and programmed cell death in neurons, and can lead to diabetic neuropathy. Activating the type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR3) prevents glucose-induced oxidative injury in dorsal root ganglion neurons co-cultured with Schwann cells. To determine the mechanisms of protection, studies were performed in rat dorsal root ganglion neuron-Schwann cell co-cultures. The mGluR3 agonist 2R,4R-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate prevented glucose-induced inner mitochondrial membrane depolarization, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and programmed cell death, and increased glutathione (GSH) concentration in co-cultured neurons and Schwann cells, but not in neurons cultured without Schwann cells. Protection was diminished in neurons treated with the GSH synthesis inhibitor l-buthionine-sulfoximine, suggesting that mGluR-mediated protection requires GSH synthesis. GSH precursors and the GSH precursor GSH-ethyl ester also protected neurons from glucose-induced injury, indicating that GSH synthesis in Schwann cells, and transport of reaction precursors to neurons, may underlie mGluR-mediated neuroprotection. These results support the conclusions that activating glial mGluR3 protects neurons from glucose-induced oxidative injury by increasing free radical scavenging and stabilizing mitochondrial function, through increased GSH antioxidant defense.
Materials for selective tissue heating in a radiofrequency electromagnetic field for the combined chemothermal treatment of brain tumors (1976)

A technique of creating localized heating by implanting metallic materials in the brain and inserting the head into a radiofrequency electromagnetic field is described. The heating properties of various materials for implantation were studied, and the two best materials were carbon steel rods and Hysterloy (1000 and 655 cal/g-min, respectively). Heating of these materials was done primarily by eddy current since their heating rates were significantly affected by their shapes and orientation in the field, rods oriented parallel to the field producing the most heat. There is evidence that warmer cells have a greater uptake of chemotherapeutic agents. This suggests a combined therapeutic approach employing localized brain heating in conjunction with systemic or intrathecal chemotherapy. In this way, large doses of chemotherapeutic drugs might be concentrated in a warmed brain tumor while toxicity is prevented by keeping the rest of the brain and body hypothermic.
Simultaneous usage of homologous points, lines, and planes for optimal, 3-D, linear registration of multimodality imaging data (1995)

The authors have extended point-based registration to include simultaneous registration of points, lines, and planes, to permit accurate and easily implemented three-dimensional (3-D) registration of multimodal data sets for fusion of clinical anatomic and functional imaging modalities. Constructive geometry is used to define user-identified features where each feature's role in the reconstruction is weighted based on its relative statistical quality, i.e., variance. The algorithm employs singular value decomposition (SVD) and optimization techniques to find the minimum weighted least mean square error (LMSE) affine solution. The new method is generally more accurate due to the availability of more features to register. Notably the error surface contains only one minimum. Different subclasses of affine solutions can be obtained based on appropriateness and sufficiency of the number and type of input features. Preliminary results indicate that this method is useful in multimodal diagnostic image fusion.
THE FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANCIENT DIET AND THE INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS OF BONE AS DERIVED FROM FEEDING EXPERIMENTS (1993)

The levels of ten elements (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, strontium, barium, potassium, sodium, zinc, iron, and aluminium) have been measured in the femurs and humeri of laboratory rats grown on test diets as a model for palaeodietary studies of excavated human skeletons. High levels of dietary fibre correlate with lower Ca and higher Sr and Ba in the bone. High values of the dietary Sr/Ca ratio correlate with high Sr levels in the bone. High levels of dietary protein correlate with lower Sr and higher Zn. High values of the ratio Ba/Ca and lower levels of Fe correlate with higher levels of Ba. Because bone levels typically are controlled by several dietary components, variation of the levels of a given element in the diet does not necessarily translate into analogous variations in bone. Only K and Fe in bone correlate highly with their levels in diet. The failure of bone Sr, Ba, and Zn to correlate positively with dietary levels is fully explicable in terms of their interdependence on other dietary components, such as Ca, P, Fe, protein, and fibre.
Design considerations for high-frequency coaxial winding power transformers (1993)

The use of coaxial windings to create low-loss, low-leakage-reactance, power transformers for use in high-frequency soft-switched DC/DC and resonant converters has been demonstrated by M.H. Kheraluwalest al. (1990). Some of the important loss aspects of the design of coaxial winding transformers are examined, including the influence of the skin effect on winding resistance, the variation of core loss caused by nonuniform core flux density, and the choice of the principle dimensions and aspect ratios for maximum efficiency. Experimental measurements on a 50 kVA, 50 kHz unit are included to confirm portions of the analytical results and suggested design procedures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Patterns of expression of integrin molecules in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle (1992)

A heterogeneous group of cells interact with each other and with the surrounding matrix to form the complex structure of human endometrium. Since the integrin superfamily of molecules is involved in the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, this study was designed to screen, in situ, the cellular distribution of CDW49a-f molecules in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. The integrin molecules were localized by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. Glandular epithelium expressed all integrin molecules. With the exception of CDW49d (alpha 4 beta 1), surface epithelium also expressed all these molecules. Endothelial cells were positive for all integrin molecules except CDW49a (alpha 1 beta 1). Endometrial lymphoid cells were positively immunostained for CDW49a, d and e (alpha 5 beta 1) and were negative for CDW49b (alpha 2 beta 1), CDW49c (alpha 3 beta 1) and CDW49f (alpha 6 beta 1). Regional differences in the expression of integrin molecules were observed. As compared to the functionalis epithelium, basalis epithelium characteristically exhibited higher expression of CDW49a, d and e. Two integrins in endometrium, CDW49a and d exhibited changes related to the menstrual cycle. CDW49a, which was not expressed in glandular epithelial cells in the proliferative phase, was strongly expressed in these cells after ovulation and its expression was diminished in the late secretory phase. This molecule was not expressed in the stromal cells, however, predecidual cells characteristically expressed this molecule in the late secretory phase. CDW49d was only expressed in the glandular epithelial cells in the mid-proliferative to mid-secretory phases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Simultaneous exposure and development technique for making gratings on positive photoresist (1974)

A simultaneous exposure and development technique for forming diffraction gratings and recording holograms in positive photoresist is described. This technique not only reduces the exposure time significantly, but is also able to produce gratings with deep grooves and sharp ridges. With the photoresist placed in a liquid-filled prismlike container, the smallest period obtainable by this method is reduced by a factor equal to the index of refraction of the liquid.
Creating Biomimetic Polymeric Surfaces by Photochemical Attachment and Patterning of Dextran (2010)

In this work, we report the preparation of photoactive dextran and demonstrate its utility by photochemically attaching it onto various polymeric substrates. The attachment of homogeneous and patterned dextran films was performed on polyurethane and polystyrene, with detailed analysis of surface morphology, swelling behavior, and the protein resistance of these substrates. The described photoactive dextran and attachment procedure is applicable to a wide variety of substrates while accommodating surfaces with complex surface geometries. Dextran with azide content between 22 and 0.3 wt % was produced by esterification with p-azidobenzoic acid. Dextran (1.2 wt % azide) was photografted onto plasma oxidized polyurethane and polystyrene and displayed thicknesses of 5 +/- 3 and 7 +/- 3 nm, respectively. The patterned dextran on oxidized polyurethane was patchy with a nominal height difference between dextranized and nondextranized regions. The azidated dextran on oxidized polystyrene exhibited a distinct step in height. In the presence of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), the dextranized regions became smoother and more uniform without affecting the height difference at the oxidized polyurethane boundary. However, the dextranized regions on oxidized polyurethane were observed to swell by a factor of 3 relative to the dried thickness. These dissimilarities were attributed to hydrogen bonding between the dextran and oxidized polyurethane and were confirmed by the photoimmobiliization in the presence of LiCl. The resulting surface was the smoothest of all the azidated dextran samples (R(rms) = 1 +/- 0.3 nm) and swelled up to 2 times its dried thickness in PBS. The antifouling properties of dextran functionalized surfaces were verified by the selective adsorption of FITC-labeled human albumin only on the nondextranized regions of the patterned polyurethane and polystyrene substrates.
DYNAMICS OF INTERLEUKIN 1, 2 6 AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA IN MULTIPLE TRAUMA PATIENTS (1994)

The involvement of cytokines in trauma still has not been satisfactorily elucidated. The development of multiorgan failure, the very serious complication of multiple trauma with high mortality, should also be controlled by cytokines, endotoxin, and other mediators. We therefore prospectively studied 42 consecutive patients with multiple trauma admitted from June to December 1992 to the Research Institute for Traumatology and Surgery in Brno. Study patients were characterized by Injury Severity Score (ISS), Revised Trauma Score, and TRISS methodology. In all patients, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL) 1, 2, and 6 levels were investigated. Of the cytokines, only IL-6 levels were elevated at admission and significant correlation with ISS was observed (r = 0.735; p < 0.001). Multiple organ failure (MOF) developed in 14 patients (seven died) and it was not possible to predict this MOF development nor survival by initial cytokine levels. A significant difference was observed when IL-6 concentrations one day before death (423 +/- 105 pg/mL) were compared with the highest concentrations in MOF survivors (112 +/- 71 pg/mL; p < 0.001). This difference was found also for TNF (528 +/- 314 pg/mL vs. 216 +/- 165 pg/mL; p < 0.05). None of six MOF patients with IL-6 > 400 pg/mL survived. In conclusion, the IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels seem to play a significant role in multiple trauma and their late elevation in patients with MOF conveyed a poor prognosis. A significant correlation between initial IL-6 levels and ISS was observed. Other cytokines did not show dynamic changes during the study.
Synthesis of optically active Cleland's reagent [( - )-1,4-dithio-L-threitol] (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of optically active Cleland's reagent [( - )-1,4-dithio-L-threitol]Marvin Carmack and Charles J. KelleyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 5, 2171–2173Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01269a123https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01269a123research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2500Altmetric-Citations142LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts