gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The MYND Motif Is Required for Repression of Basal Transcription from the Multidrug Resistance 1 Promoter by the t(8;21) Fusion Protein (1998)

Chromosomal translocations in acute leukemia that affect the AML-1/CBFbeta transcription factor complex create dominant inhibitory proteins. However, the mechanisms by which these proteins act remain obscure. Here we demonstrate that the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR-1) promoter is a target for AML/ETO transcriptional repression. This repression is of basal, not activated, expression from the MDR-1 promoter and thus represents a new mechanism for AML/ETO function. We have defined two domains in AML/ETO that are required for repression of basal transcription from the MDR-1 promoter: a hydrophobic heptad repeat (HHR) motif and a conserved zinc finger (ZnF) domain termed the MYND domain. The HHR mediates formation of AML/ETO homodimers and AML/ETO-ETO heterodimers. Single serine substitutions at conserved cysteine residues within the predicted ZnFs also abrogate transcriptional repression. Finally, we observe that AML/ETO can also inhibit Ets-1 activation of the MDR-1 promoter, indicating that AML/ETO can disrupt both basal and Ets-1-dependent transcription. The fortuitous inhibition of MDR-1 expression in t(8;21)-containing leukemias may contribute to the favorable response of these patients to chemotherapeutic drugs.
An Image-Based Trainable Symbol Recognizer for Sketch-Based Interfaces. (2004)

We describe a trainable, hand-drawn symbol recognizer based on a multi-layer recognition scheme. Symbols are internally represented as binary templates. An ensemble of four template classifiers ranks each definition according to similarity with an unknown symbol. Scores from the individual classifiers are then aggregated to determine the best definition for the unknown. Ordinarily, template-matching is sensitive to rotation, and existing solutions for rotation invariance are too expensive for interactive use. We have developed an efficient technique for achieving rotation invariance based on polar coordinates. This techniques also filters out the bulk of unlikely definitions, thereby simplifying the task of the multiclassifier recognition step.
Simple and ultrastable all-inclusive pullulan tablets for challenging bioassays (2016)

Many biodetection systems employ labile enzymes and substrates that need special care, making it hard to routinely use them for point-of-care or field applications. In this work we provide a simple solution to this challenging problem through the creation of all-inclusive pullulan assay tablets. The proposed tablet system not only enhances the long-term stability of both enzymes and organic substrates, but also simplifies the assay procedure. The enhanced stability is attributed to two factors: the restriction of the molecular motion of proteins and impermeability to molecular oxygen afforded by the tables. These tablets dissolve rapidly upon addition to testing samples, making the test very easy to perform. Using the ATP-detecting luciferase-luciferin system as an example, we show that the tablet-based assay can achieve highly sensitive detection of ATP in biological samples and that the activity of the assay tablets remains unchanged for over a month at room temperature.
Tubulogenesis in Drosophila: a requirement for the trachealess gene product. (1996)

The trachealess (trh) gene of Drosophila is required for embryonic tube formation. In trh mutants, tube-forming cells of the salivary gland, trachea, and filzkörper fail to invaginate to form tubes and remain on the embryo surface. We identified a P-element insertion that disrupts trh function and used the insert to clone and characterize trh. trh is expressed in the salivary duct, trachea, and filzköper primordia, and expression persists in these cells throughout embryogenesis. trh expression in the salivary duct is controlled by the homeotic gene, Sex combs reduced (Scr), and by another salivary gland gene, fork head (fkh). trh is homologous to two transcription factors: the human hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and the Drosophila Single-minded protein.
Characterization of µc-Si:H Films Prepared by H<sub>2</sub> Sputtering (1990)

Hydrogenated microcrystalline Si films were prepared on fused quartz and Si substrates by H 2 sputtering of a Si target. The grain size increases with the increasing electrical power required for the sputtering, P s , where the smallest grain size is estimated to be 1.1 nm of the Si and 7.1 nm on the quartz. It is also discovered that Raman spectra change with P s but in a different manner on the Si and the quartz substrates. A reason for this difference is discussed.
Development of a Solid-Phase Receptor-Based Assay for the Detection of Cyclic Imines Using a Microsphere-Flow Cytometry System (2013)

Biologically active macrocycles containing a cyclic imine were isolated for the first time from aquaculture sites in Nova Scotia, Canada, during the 1990s. These compounds display a "fast-acting" toxicity in the traditional mouse bioassay for lipophilic marine toxins. Our work aimed at developing a receptor-based detection method for spirolides using a microsphere/flow cytometry Luminex system. For the assay, two alternatives were considered as binding proteins, the Torpedo marmorata nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the Lymnaea stagnalis acetylcholine binding protein (Ls-AChBP). A receptor-based inhibition assay was developed using the immobilization of nAChR or Ls-AChBP on the surface of carboxylated microspheres and the competition of cyclic imines with biotin-α-bungarotoxin (α-BTX) for binding to these proteins. The amount of biotin-α-BTX bound to the surface of the microspheres was quantified using phycoerythrin (PE)-labeled streptavidin, and the fluorescence was analyzed in a Luminex 200 system. AChBP and nAChR bound to 13-desmethyl spirolide C efficiently; however, the cross-reactivity profile of the nAChR for spirolides and gymnodimine more closely matched the relative toxic potencies reported for these toxins. The nAChR was selected for further assay development. A simple sample preparation protocol consisting of an extraction with acetone yielded a final extract with no matrix interference on the nAChR/microsphere-based assay for mussels, scallops, and clams. This cyclic imine detection method allowed the detection of 13-desmethyl spirolide C in the range of 10-6000 μg/kg of shellfish meat, displaying a higher sensitivity and wider dynamic range than other receptor-based assays previously published. This microsphere-based assay provides a rapid, sensitive, and easily performed screening method that could be multiplexed for the simultaneous detection of several marine toxins.
Synthesis and application of molecularly imprinted nanoparticles combined ultrasonic assisted for highly selective solid phase extraction trace amount of celecoxib from human plasma samples using design expert (DXB) software (2016)

In this work molecular imprinted nanoparticles (MINPs) was synthesized and applied for ultrasonic assisted solid phase extraction of celecoxib (CEL) from human plasma sample following its combination by HPLC-UV. The MINPs were prepared in a non-covalent approach using methacrylic acid as monomer, CEL as template, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker, and 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator of polymerization. pH, volume of rinsing and eluent solvent and amount of sorbent influence on response were investigated using factorial experimental design, while optimum point was achieved and set as 250mg sorbent, pH 7.0, 1.5mL washing solvent and 2mL eluent by analysis of results according to design expert (DX) software. At above specified conditions, CEL in human plasma with complicated matrices with acceptable high recoveries (96%) and RSD% lower than 10% was quantified and estimated. The proposed MISPE-HPLC-UV method has linear responses among peak area and concentrations of CEL in the range of 0.2-2000μgL(-1), with regression coefficient of 0.98. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) based on three and ten times of the noise of HPLC peaks correspond to blank solution were 0.08 and 0.18μgL(-1), respectively.
Aerially applied, liquid Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis (H-14) for control of spring Aedes mosquitoes in Michigan. (1991)

Liquid B.t.i. (Vectobac 12AS), when mixed with water at a 1:3 ratio and applied by helicopter at a rate of 1.17 liters B.t.i. (4.68 liters mix) per ha, was 99% effective in a small (mass median diameter on dye cards: 178 microns) droplet size but ineffective (65%) in a large (553 microns) droplet against spring Aedes larvae in snowmelt pools. There were about 6 times as many smaller droplets as larger ones impacting the treated pools, which probably explained the difference in effectiveness for the 2 treatment regimes. Results indicate that liquid formulations of B.t.i. could be aerially applied for spring Aedes control at a considerable cost savings and efficiency over aerially applied, granular formulations.
Issues in wearable computing for medical monitoring applications: a case study of a wearable ECG monitoring device (2002)

In this paper we discuss issues surrounding wearable computers used as intelligent health monitors. Unlike existing health monitors (for example, ECG and EEG holters), that are used mainly for data acquisition, the devices we discuss provide real-time feedback to the patient, either as a warning of impending medical emergency or as a monitoring aid during exercise. These medical applications are to be distinguished from applications of wearable computing for medical personnel, e.g. doctors, nurses, and emergency medical technicians. Medical monitoring applications differ from other wearable applications in their I/O requirements, sensors, reliability, privacy issues, and user interface. The paper describes a prototype wearable ECG monitor based upon a high-performance, low-power digital signal processor and the development environment for its design.
EZH2 Oncogenic Activity in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells Is Polycomb-Independent (2012)

Epigenetic regulators represent a promising new class of therapeutic targets for cancer. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), silences gene expression via its histone methyltransferase activity. We found that the oncogenic function of EZH2 in cells of castration-resistant prostate cancer is independent of its role as a transcriptional repressor. Instead, it involves the ability of EZH2 to act as a coactivator for critical transcription factors including the androgen receptor. This functional switch is dependent on phosphorylation of EZH2 and requires an intact methyltransferase domain. Hence, targeting the non-PRC2 function of EZH2 may have therapeutic efficacy for treating metastatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Toward Developing a Violin Playing Robot - Bowing by Anthropomorphic Robot Arm and Sound Analysis (2007)

The purpose of this study is to develop a violin playing robot that can produce expressive sounds by considering <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">kansei</i> , which is a Japanese word whose meaning resembles sensibility. The goal of this paper is to realize bowing by an anthropomorphic robot arm and to analyze the sounds it produces. First, we propose a model of information flow in musical instrument playing, which is a key concept of this study. Then, we describe the anthropomorphic robotic arm for bowing that we made. Finally, analysis results of the sounds produced by the robot are described. By comparing the sounds produced by an inexperienced person and the robot, we found that the natural frequency of the bow affects robot's sounds.
Meniscectomy in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis and a Meniscal Tear? (2013)

Overall, knee osteoarthritis may affect more than 250 million people and is a leading contributor to disability worldwide.1 Persuasive evidence from randomized, controlled trials indicates that arthroscopic débridement, lavage, or both are no more effective than sham surgery and nonoperative alternatives for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.2,3 Nevertheless, arthroscopic surgery is often still performed. A common justification for arthroscopic surgery is the presence of symptoms due to mechanical factors. These symptoms, such as locking or clicking or acute pain localized to one joint, are generally regarded as arising from a torn meniscus. However, asymptomatic meniscal tears are highly prevalent among people . . .
Design and Development of Agent-based Intelligent Traffic Signal Controller (2008)

This paper describes an agent-based intelligent traffic signal controller, which combines the advantages of existing adaptive signal controllers, and also introduces several new features to enhance performance of traffic control systems in Chinese urban cities. The authors present optimization methodologies used and explain the hardware and software components of the signal controller. The agent-based traffic signal controller is able to collect, process, store and transfer traffic data, make traffic control decisions, and communicate with related agents or with the traffic control center. Three factors are balanced out as part of the traffic controller's process: minimum average vehicle delay, minimum average vehicle stopping time, and maximum total volume of cars that pass the intersection. The paper concludes with the description of a practical example of the proposed agent-based signal controller design method.
pH-dependent pore formation properties of pardaxin analogues. (1991)

The interaction of pardaxin, a shark-repellent neurotoxin, and its charge-modified analogues with vesicles and human erythrocytes is described. The following six analogues and derivatives were synthesized by a solid phase method: [Glu8, Glu16]pardaxin, [N1-succinamido,Glu8,Glu16]pardaxin, [N1,Lys8,Lys16-triacetyl]pardaxin, des-[1----9]pardaxin (Shai, Y., Bach, D., and Yanovsky, A. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 20202-20209), and des-[1----9] [Glu16]pardaxin. The relative hydrophobic characteristics of the analogues were examined using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The pH-dependent spectroscopic and functional characteristics of the analogues were also investigated at either neutral or acidic pH. Spectroscopic characterization was achieved by measuring circular dichroism both before and after binding to vesicles, at either neutral or acidic pH. The ability of the peptides to dissipate a diffusion potential, to cause calcein release or the pH-dependent release of 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid disodium salt/p-xylene-bis[pyridinium bromide] from sonicated unilamellar liposomes, as well as measurements of cytolytic activity on human erythrocytes, served to functionally characterize the peptides. We show a direct correlation between alpha-helical content, the analogues' hydrophobicity, and their pore-forming properties at the different pH values tested. We also demonstrate that the charge of the N terminus and of the peptide backbone, but not of the C terminus, affects the secondary structure as well as the activities of the analogues. Finally, we show that the cytolytic activity of pardaxin at neutral pH is not retained by any of the analogues.
Designing Exercise Programs to Lower Fracture Risk in Mature Women (2006)

summary This article reviews recent research on exercise and bone health and, on that basis, develops an effective and safe exercise program for increasing bone strength and reducing fracture risk in mature women with osteoporosis and osteopenia.
RedEdge: A Novel Architecture for Big Data Processing in Mobile Edge Computing Environments (2017)

We are witnessing the emergence of new big data processing architectures due to the convergence of the Internet of Things (IoTs), edge computing and cloud computing. Existing big data processing architectures are underpinned by the transfer of raw data streams to the cloud computing environment for processing and analysis. This operation is expensive and fails to meet the real-time processing needs of IoT applications. In this article, we present and evaluate a novel big data processing architecture named RedEdge (i.e., data reduction on the edge) that incorporates mechanism to facilitate the processing of big data streams near the source of the data. The RedEdge model leverages mobile IoT-termed mobile edge devices as primary data processing platforms. However, in the case of the unavailability of computational and battery power resources, it offloads data streams in nearer mobile edge devices or to the cloud. We evaluate the RedEdge architecture and the related mechanism within a real-world experiment setting involving 12 mobile users. The experimental evaluation reveals that the RedEdge model has the capability to reduce big data stream by up to 92.86% without compromising energy and memory consumption on mobile edge devices.
The Evolution of Ultrafast Electron Microscope Instrumentation (2009)

Extrapolating from a brief survey of the literature, we outline a vision for the future development of time-resolved electron probe instruments that could offer levels of performance and flexibility that push the limits of physical possibility. This includes a discussion of the electron beam parameters (brightness and emittance) that limit performance, the identification of a dimensionless invariant figure of merit for pulsed electron guns (the number of electrons per lateral coherence area, per pulse), and calculations of how this figure of merit determines the trade-off of spatial against temporal resolution for different imaging modes. Modern photonics' ability to control its fundamental particles at the quantum level, while enjoying extreme flexibility and a very large variety of operating modes, is held up as an example and a goal. We argue that this goal may be approached by combining ideas already in the literature, suggesting the need for large-scale collaborative development of next-generation time-resolved instruments.
Teaching Text Structure to Improve Reading and Writing. (1989)

Children in the middle grades often have difficulty learning from reading the expository prose of their content area textbooks (Spiro & Taylor, 1980). The symptoms of this problem are familiar?chil dren have trouble identifying important infor mation, determining main ideas, and writing summaries (e.g., Taylor, 1986; Winograd, 1984). In addition, children have difficulty writing the expository prose required by re ports or essay questions (e.g., Applebee, Langer, & Mullis, 1989). One reason children have trouble reading content area textbooks is a lack of knowledge of the various ways that the text is organized or structured. The structures of exposition have been defined and exemplified in other ar ticles (e.g., McGee & Richgels, 1985; Piccolo, 1987). Although the terms may vary, lists of text structures generally include (a) de scription, (b) sequence, (c) cause-effect, (d) compare/contrast, and (e) problem-solution. The reader's sensitivity to text structure is related to comprehension and memory (McGee, 1982; Meyer, Brandt, & Bluth, 1980; Taylor, 1980, 1985). Yet many children are unaware of expository text structures (Englert & Hiebert, 1984). Fortunately, instruction about text struc ture can improve learning from textbooks. Three different approaches to teaching text structure have been successful in reported re search. One approach is to teach readers to use format cues such as headings, subhead ings, and paragraphs as indicators of text structure (Taylor, 1982; Taylor & Beach, 1984). A second approach is to teach readers to make concrete, visual representations of the organization of ideas in a text (Armbruster & Anderson, 1980; Berkowitz, 1986). A third approach is to teach children the common structures of expository text. McGee and Richgels (1985) and Piccolo (1987) suggest methods that combine the last two ap proaches, that is, teaching text structures by using visual representations of these struc tures. Recent descriptions of the relationship between reading and writing (Shanahan, 1988; Squire, 1983) suggest that instruction about text structure can also improve writing.
Enzalutamide for Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Who Have Previously Received Docetaxel: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Drug Approval Summary (2013)

This article summarizes the regulatory evaluation that led to the full approval of enzalutamide (XTANDI, Medivation Inc.) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on August 31, 2012, for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who have previously received docetaxel. This approval was based on the results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial which randomly allocated 1,199 patients with mCRPC who had received prior docetaxel to receive either enzalutamide, 160 mg orally once daily (n = 800), or placebo (n = 399). All patients were required to continue androgen deprivation therapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival. At the prespecified interim analysis, a statistically significant improvement in overall survival was demonstrated for the enzalutamide arm compared with the placebo arm [HR = 0.63; 95% confidence interval: 0.53-0.75; P < 0.0001]. The median overall survival durations were 18.4 months and 13.6 months in the enzalutamide and placebo arms, respectively. The most common adverse reactions (≥10%) included asthenia or fatigue, back pain, diarrhea, arthralgia, hot flush, peripheral edema, musculoskeletal pain, headache, and upper respiratory infection. Seizures occurred in 0.9% of patients on enzalutamide compared with no patients on the placebo arm. Overall, the FDA's review and analyses of the submitted data confirmed that enzalutamide had a favorable benefit-risk profile in the study patient population, thus supporting its use for the approved indication. The recommended dose is 160 mg of enzalutamide administered orally once daily. Enzalutamide represents the third product that the FDA has approved in the same disease setting within a period of 2 years. Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6067-73. ©2013 AACR.
Double-junction amorphous silicon-based solar cells with 11% stable efficiency (1992)

The performance of dual-band gap, double-junction amorphous silicon alloy-based solar cells in which the component cells have different degrees of current mismatch has been studied under annealed and light-soaked conditions. Using a profiled band gap amorphous silicon-germanium alloy in the bottom cell, a stabilized active-area efficiency of 11.16% has been achieved.
Computation Error Analysis in Digital Signal Processing Systems With Overscaled Supply Voltage (2009)

It has been recently demonstrated that digital signal processing systems may possibly leverage unconventional voltage overscaling (VOS) to reduce energy consumption while maintaining satisfactory signal processing performance. Due to the computation-intensive nature of most signal processing algorithms, the energy saving potential largely depends on the behavior of computer arithmetic units in response to overscaled supply voltage. This paper shows that different hardware implementations of the same computer arithmetic function may respond to VOS very differently and result in different energy saving potentials. Therefore, the selection of appropriate computer arithmetic architecture is an important issue in voltage-overscaled signal processing system design. This paper presents an analytical method to estimate the statistics of computer arithmetic computation errors due to supply voltage overscaling. Compared with computation-intensive circuit simulations, this analytical approach can be several orders of magnitude faster and can achieve a reasonable accuracy. This approach can be used to choose the appropriate computer arithmetic architecture in voltage-overscaled signal processing systems. Finally, we carry out case studies on a coordinate rotation digital computer processor and a finite-impulse-response filter to further demonstrate the importance of choosing proper computer arithmetic implementations.