gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power Spectral Analysis of the Envelope Pulse-Width Modulation (EPWM) Transmitter for High Efficiency Amplification of OFDM Signals (2008)

Multi-carrier systems such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) require linear amplification and have low power efficiency because of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In an Envelope Pulse-Width Modulation (EPWM) transmitter, the envelope component of a linear modulation wave is converted to a PWM signal by a delta-sigma (Delta-Sigma) modulator while the phase component modulates the carrier signal. The distortion-free amplitude multiplexing of the PWM and PM signals enables the power amplifier to achieve maximum power efficiency. In this paper, EPWM transmitter characteristics such as noise power spectral density and SNR will be analyzed. The application of the EPWM transmitter to OFDM signals will also be explored. From the simulation results, the Delta-Sigma modulator with an oversampling ratio of 32 provides sufficient in-band SNR and adjacent channel power ratio required for the IEEE 802.11a OFDM system.
Graphical passwords implies on tolerance password, image choice, and puzzle login security (2017)

In this proposed scheme, we presenting a new-fangled security primordial using on firm AI harms click spell, It may nothing only tries equal to progress together and make it to defence as well as using of puzzle. The aims it may to develop the security of puzzle IMAGE. Click spell, Stab to do these different goals like security-Puzzle Login using bubble sort; This may use-to develops the login of passing the test values; to afford a dictionary function for abusers to learn with reference to the importance and the spelling of alphabet words. In the addition, the user & password can be placed on the top of Image Selection. Security-Image puzzles solving using AES algorithm and OTP Generation. Security primordial is based on firm AI harms. A fundamental user & password security is to create Image Selection. Using Image Captcha and verification using Bitmap pattern, verification using images as convert into Binary.
Nanobiosensor Design Utilizing a Periplasmic<i>E. coli</i>Receptor Protein Immobilized within Au/Polycarbonate Nanopores (2006)

A new type of nanopore sensor design is reported for a reagent-less electrochemical biosensor with no analyte "tagging" by fluorescent molecules, nanoparticles, or other species. This sensor design involves immobilization within Au-coated nanopores of bacterial periplasmic binding proteins (bPBP), which undergo a wide-amplitude, hinge-twist motion upon ligand binding. Ligand binding thus triggers a reduction in the effective thickness of the immobilized protein film, which is detected as an increase in electrolyte conductivity (decrease in impedance) through the nanopores. This new sensor design is demonstrated for glucose detection using a cysteine-tagged mutant (GGR Q26C) of the galactose/glucose receptor (GGR) protein from the bPBP family. The GGR Q26C protein is immobilized onto Au nanoislands that are deposited within the pores of commercially available nanoporous polycarbonate membranes.
Electron Transfer Dynamics of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles Attached to Electrodes by Self-Assembled Monolayers (2012)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of carboxylated alkanethiolates (-S(CH(2))(n-1)CO(2)(-)) on flat gold electrode surfaces are used to tether small (ca. 2 nm d.) iridium(IV) oxide nanoparticles (Ir(IV)O(X) NPs) to the electrode. Peak potential separations in cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the nanoparticle Ir(IV/III) wave, in pH 13 aqueous base, increase with n, showing that the Ir(IV/III) apparent electron transfer kinetics of metal oxide sites in the nanoparticles respond to the imposed SAM electron transfer tunneling barrier. Estimated apparent electron transfer rate constants (k(app)(0)) for n = 12 and 16 are 9.8 and 0.12 s(-1). Owing to uncompensated solution resistance, k(app)(0) for n = 8 was too large to measure in the potential sweep experiment. For the cathodic scans, coulometric charges under the Ir(IV/III) voltammetric waves were independent of potential scan rate, suggesting participation of all of the iridium oxide redox sites (ca. 130 per NP) in the NPs. These experiments show that it is possible to control and study electron transfer dynamics of electroactive nanoparticles including, as shown by preliminary experiments, that of the electrocatalysis of water oxidation by iridium oxide nanoparticles.
GraphGAN: Graph Representation Learning With Generative Adversarial Nets (2018)

The goal of graph representation learning is to embed each vertex in a graph into a low-dimensional vector space. Existing graph representation learning methods can be classified into two categories: generative models that learn the underlying connectivity distribution in the graph, and discriminative models that predict the probability of edge existence between a pair of vertices. In this paper, we propose GraphGAN, an innovative graph representation learning framework unifying above two classes of methods, in which the generative model and discriminative model play a game-theoretical minimax game. Specifically, for a given vertex, the generative model tries to fit its underlying true connectivity distribution over all other vertices and produces "fake" samples to fool the discriminative model, while the discriminative model tries to detect whether the sampled vertex is from ground truth or generated by the generative model. With the competition between these two models, both of them can alternately and iteratively boost their performance. Moreover, when considering the implementation of generative model, we propose a novel graph softmax to overcome the limitations of traditional softmax function, which can be proven satisfying desirable properties of normalization, graph structure awareness, and computational efficiency. Through extensive experiments on real-world datasets, we demonstrate that GraphGAN achieves substantial gains in a variety of applications, including link prediction, node classification, and recommendation, over state-of-the-art baselines.
Investigation of high velocity separator for particle removal in coal gasification plants. Phase II report (1980)

This report summarizes the results of Phase II of the High Velocity Particle Separator Program performed under Contract EF-77-C-01-2709. This high velocity wedge separator has the potential to reduce equipment size and cost of high temperature and pressurized particulate removal equipment for coal derived gases. Phase II has been directed toward testing and detailed conceptual design of an element suitable for a commercial scale high temperature, high pressure particle separator (HTPS). Concurrently, Phase IA has been conducted, which utilized the ambient analog method (AAM) for aerodynamic and collection performance investigation of each HTPS configuration prior and during hot testing. This report summarizes the results of Phase IA and II. The AAM effort established correlation of theoretical analysis and experiment for HTPS pressure drop, purge flow ratio and collection efficiency potential. Task I defined the initial test conditions to be the contract design point of 1800/sup 0/F and 350 psia. The 1800/sup 0/F, 350 psia testing represents the main high temperature testing with coal-derived particulates in the 2 to 10 micron range. Phase IA and Phase II have demonstrated efficient particle collection with acceptable pressure drop. In view of these encouraging results, it is reasonable to apply the developed technology toward future hot gas particulate cleanup requirements.
Overexpression of cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase stimulated by hepatocarcinogenesis results in autoantibody production in rats. (1996)

We developed a novel and efficient cDNA subtraction method to isolate rat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related genes. cDNAs from Solt-Farber procedure-driven HCCs were synthesized on Latex beads. The subtraction was accomplished by a simple centrifugation, PCR amplification, and dot blot screening. Among 2000 clones from the subtracted cDNA library, one clone with a full-length HCC-related cDNA was eventually obtained. Sequence analysis of this clone showed it to exhibit 90 and 60% similarity with the rat cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) and mammalian glutamic acid decarboxylases (GAD), respectively. Differences between our sequence data on CSAD and those reported previously were observed at two positions, which arose from a single amino acid substitution and frame shift mutation. The CSAD expression was restricted to the liver and kidney of rats. During hepatocarcinogenesis, expression of the CSAD mRNA and its protein was stimulated in the precancerous liver and maintained its high expression afterward. Interestingly, a high level of anti-CSAD autoantibody was detected in the HCC-bearing rats. The titer of anti-CSAD autoantibodies in these rats was 30-200 times higher than that in normal rats. The anti-CSAD autoantibody appeared in the precancerous state and was maintained afterward, and its pattern of appearance was similar to that of CSAD mRNAs and proteins. Thus, we propose that the high-titer CSAD autoantibody resulted from increased CSAD gene expression in the liver due to stimulation by the HCC. These results remind us of human autoimmune diseases including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and stiff-man syndrome, which are caused by autoantibodies against GAD.
Powdered MQ Resin−Platinum Complexes and Their Use as Silicone-Soluble Hydrosilylation Cure Catalysts (1997)

Moldable poly(dimethylsiloxane) formulations are described which use so-called MQ resins as reinforcing fillers. These formulations employ platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation as the cure reaction. The platinum catalysts were prepared by spray-drying solutions composed of vinyl-containing MQ resins with platinum(0) complexes of divinyltetramethydisiloxane (MviMvi) ligands. The spray-dried mixture was a white, free-flowing powder containing 1% by weight platinum where the platinum was Pt(0) and coordinated to the vinyls of the MQ resin. Molecular MQ resin−platinum complexes, free of platinum crystallites were obtained by spray-drying but not by vacuum oven treatment of solutions of resin and Pt(MviMvi)x complexes. Oven-prepared, platinum-containing resins contained platinum crystallites. The platinum-containing spray-dried MQ resin was a useful catalyst to cure moldable poly(dimethylsiloxane) formulations. Higher catalytic activity was observed for resin without platinum crystallites. Analyses of the platinum-containing MQ resins included 195Pt NMR and TEM.
Structural, electrical, and optical properties of InAsxSb1−x epitaxial films grown by liquid-phase epitaxy (2008)

The InAsxSb1−x films were grown on (100) GaSb substrates by liquid-phase epitaxy, and their structural, electrical, and optical properties were investigated. The high-resolution x-ray diffraction results reveal that the single crystalline InAsxSb1−x films with a midrange composition are epitaxially grown on the GaSb substrates. Temperature dependence of the Hall mobility was theoretically modeled by considering several predominant scattering mechanisms. The results indicate that ionized impurity and dislocation scatterings dominate at low temperatures, while polar optical phonon scattering is important at room temperature (RT). Furthermore, the InAsxSb1−x films with the higher As composition exhibit the better crystalline quality and the higher mobility. The InAs0.35Sb0.65 film exhibits a Hall mobility of 4.62×104 cm2 V−1 s−1. The cutoff wavelength of photoresponse is extended to about 12 μm with a maximum responsivity of 0.21 V/W at RT, showing great potential for RT long-wavelength infrared detection.
Least-squares reverse time migration of marine data with frequency-selection encoding (2013)

ABSTRACT The phase-encoding technique can sometimes increase the efficiency of the least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) by more than one order of magnitude. However, traditional random encoding functions require all the encoded shots to share the same receiver locations, thus limiting the usage to seismic surveys with a fixed spread geometry. We implement a frequency-selection encoding strategy that accommodates data with a marine streamer geometry. The encoding functions are delta functions in the frequency domain, so that all the encoded shots have unique nonoverlapping frequency content, and the receivers can distinguish the wavefield from each shot with a unique frequency band. Because the encoding functions are orthogonal to each other, there will be no crosstalk between different shots during modeling and migration. With the frequency-selection encoding method, the computational efficiency of LSRTM is increased so that its cost is comparable to conventional RTM for the Marmousi2 model and a marine data set recorded in the Gulf of Mexico. With more iterations, the LSRTM image quality is further improved by suppressing migration artifacts, balancing reflector amplitudes, and enhancing the spatial resolution. We conclude that LSRTM with frequency-selection is an efficient migration method that can sometimes produce more focused images than conventional RTM.
Interfacial Properties of Polymeric Liquids (2000)

We show that the variations of the surface tension of polymeric solutions gamma with the molecular weight of the sample M(n), the temperature T, and the volume fraction of monomers straight phi(b) are explained by the self-organization of the long flexible chains that are present in the immediate vicinity of the interface. Within a scaling functional theory we find a simple law gamma(straight phi(b),M(n),T) which accounts quantitatively for the experimental data available in the literature with a very high accuracy.
Low-Temperature State of U<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Formation of Heavy Electrons in a Magnetically Ordered Material (1985)

The formation of a heavy-electron state in a magnetically ordered material is established by measurements of the low-temperature specific heat of U${\mathrm{Cu}}_{5}$ and UAg${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$. In U${\mathrm{Cu}}_{5}$ this state undergoes a continuous but hysteretic phase transition which removes parts of the Fermi surface with a high density of electronic states and leads to a resistivity increase of almost an order of magnitude.
Airborne Lidar: Advances in Discrete Return Technology for 3D Vegetation Mapping (2011)

Conventional discrete return airborne lidar systems, used in the commercial sector for efficient generation of high quality spatial data, have been considered for the past decade to be an ideal choice for various mapping applications. Unlike two-dimensional aerial imagery, the elevation component of airborne lidar data provides the ability to represent vertical structure details with very high precision, which is an advantage for many lidar applications focusing on the analysis of elevated features such as 3D vegetation mapping. However, the use of conventional airborne discrete return lidar systems for some of these applications has often been limited, mostly due to relatively coarse vertical resolution and insufficient number of multiple measurements in vertical domain. For this reason, full waveform airborne sensors providing more detailed representation of target vertical structure have often been considered as a preferable choice in some areas of 3D vegetation mapping application, such as forestry research. This paper presents an overview of the specific features of airborne lidar technology concerning 3D mapping applications, particularly vegetation mapping. Certain key performance characteristics of lidar sensors important for the quality of vegetation mapping are discussed and illustrated by the advanced capabilities of the ALTM-Orion, a new discrete return sensor manufactured by Optech Incorporated. It is demonstrated that advanced discrete return sensors with enhanced 3D mapping capabilities can produce data of enhanced quality, which can represent complex structures of vegetation targets at the level of details equivalent in some aspects to the content of full waveform data. It is also shown that recent advances in conventional airborne lidar technology bear the potential to create a new application niche, where high quality dense point clouds, enhanced by fully recorded intensity for multiple returns, may provide sufficient information for modeling and analysis, which have traditionally been applied mostly to full waveform data.
Emitter drive: a technique to drive a bipolar power transistor switching at 100 kHz (2002)

Theoretical support and experimental results concerning the application of an emitter driven bipolar power transistor to a 400 V 10 A power switch are presented. The central idea of the emitter drive is to turn off and on the bipolar transistor controlling the flow of the emitter current, using another switch. This switch was implemented with a low voltage power MOSFET. In this way it is possible to achieve a power switch with fairly high voltage rating, without excessive forward voltage drop (not achievable using power MOSFETS), and greater speed than by means of a bipolar transistor using the traditional base drive.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Elastic Properties of the Solid Electrolyte Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub>(LLZO) (2015)

The oxide known as LLZO, with nominal composition Li7La3Zr2O12, is a promising solid electrolyte for Li-based batteries due to its high Li-ion conductivity and chemical stability with respect to lithium. Solid electrolytes may also enable the use of metallic Li anodes by serving as a physical barrier that suppresses dendrite initiation and propagation during cycling. Prior linear elasticity models of the Li electrode/solid electrolyte interface suggest that the stability of this interface is highly dependent on the elastic properties of the solid separator. For example, dendritic suppression is predicted to be enhanced as the electrolyte’s shear modulus increases. In the present study a combination of first-principles calculations, acoustic impulse excitation measurements, and nanoindentation experiments are used to determine the elastic constants and moduli for high-conductivity LLZO compositions based on Al and Ta doping. The calculated and measured isotropic shear moduli are in good agreement and fall within the range of 56–61 GPa. These values are an order of magnitude larger than that for Li metal and far exceed the minimum value (∼8.5 GPa) believed to be necessary to suppress dendrite initiation. These data suggest that LLZO exhibits sufficient stiffness to warrant additional development as a solid electrolyte for Li batteries.
Quantification of Cytotoxicity by Cell Volume and Cell Proliferation (1993)

A fast and sensitive method for the quantification of cytotoxicity, using the cell counter and analyser system, CASY 1, was established. This system has a high resolution and a large dynamic range of volume determination, permitting the volume changes caused by cytotoxic effects to be measured in a reproducible and standardised manner. As a first approach, eight cytotoxic compounds with different modes of action were investigated. For seven of the compounds, changes in the mean cell volume could be demonstrated after three hours. All eight compounds showed a dramatic decrease in mean cell volume within 24 hours. Depending on the degree of membrane destruction caused by the direct or indirect actions of the cytotoxic compounds, values for the mean cell volume between the size of an undamaged cell and the size of the cell nucleus were determined. In addition, the number of living cells was substantially decreased by exposure to the chemicals. Both of the effects of cytotoxic compounds can be detected by following a single parameter, i.e. total cell volume. This parameter is highly sensitive for the detection and quantification of cytotoxicity. IC50 values were within the range obtained in testing by other methods. Cytotoxicity testing by CASY 1 is recommended when highly reproducible measurement is necessary, but the system is also valuable for cell counting and volume determination.
Measurement of nuclear reactor local heat rates by optical fiber infrared emission (1997)

Gamma thermometers have been in routine use in nuclear power plants for power distribution monitoring for more than 35 years. These instruments depend upon the heating of a metal block by gamma rays. The generated heat is proportional to the specific power of nearby fuel rods. Usually heat is allowed to escape to a sink through a controlled heat path and the temperature drop is measured by thermocouples. If the heat sink is at a known temperature, a single thermocouple may be employed to measure the temperature of the metal block.
The Food Riot as a Form of Political Conflict in France (1971)

since the seventeenth century can be most meaningfully explained not in a simple economic formula of food shortage/hunger/riot, but within a political context of changing governmental policy and in terms of secular economic change in marketing arrangements of grain. Food riots had several forms which show a definite change and development over time. The market riot, an urban version, was usually aimed at bakers whose prices were too high or whose loaves were too few, at city residents who were suspected of hoarding supplies of grain in their houses, and at government officials who failed to act swiftly to ease a food shortage.I The entrave was the rural form of grain riot, in which wagons or barges loaded with grain were forcibly prevented from leaving a locality. In isolated examples, at least, it can be traced to the early seventeenth century. The market riot and the entrave were polar opposites. The market riot was a sign that not enough grain was available in a local urban marketplace. The entrave tried to restrict the local grain supply to local consumption, and at reasonable prices. Taxation populaire, a form which emerged at the end of the seventeenth century, could occur at several levels, as described by Rose. His first category is essentially what I have already labeled as the market riot; the second concerns a conscious political action against the authorities to secure the same end directly; and the third was 'taxation populaire' itself... a disciplined measure implying an ordered sale and the handing of proceeds to the proprietor.2 The crowd would seize the grain or flour, set a price recognized as the just price for the commodity (and usually far below the current market price, sometimes remarkably uniform from one riot to the next within a region),3 sell the food, and Louise A. Tilly is working on A Social and Demographic History of the Working Class of Milan, I880-1914. I The market riot was traced back to the classical world by Nicolas Delamare in his Traite de la Police (Paris, I729; 3rd ed.), 4v. He was one of the grain commissioners who served with the Paris police lieutenants at the end of the reign of Louis XIV. His Traite was first published I705-I9, 3v. but citations for this essay are from the 3rd ed. 2 R. B. Rose, Eighteenth Century Price Riots, the French Revolution and the Jacobin Maximum, International Review of Social History, IV (I959), 435, 438. 3 George Rude, La taxation populaire de mai 1775 a Paris et dans la region parisienne, Annales historiques de la Re'volutionfranfaise, XXVIII (1956), I77.