gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–based Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in a Preclinical AIDS Vaccine Trial (2004)

Recently, encouraging AIDS vaccine trials in macaques have implicated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the control of the simian human immunodeficiency virus SHIV89.6P that induces acute CD4(+) T cell depletion. However, none of these vaccine regimens have been successful in the containment of replication of the pathogenic simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) that induce chronic disease progression. Indeed, it has remained unclear if vaccine-induced CTL can control SIV replication. Here, we show evidence suggesting that vaccine-induced CTLs control SIVmac239 replication in rhesus macaques. Eight macaques vaccinated with DNA-prime/Gag-expressing Sendai virus vector boost were challenged intravenously with SIVmac239. Five of the vaccinees controlled viral replication and had undetectable plasma viremia after 5 wk of infection. CTLs from all of these five macaques rapidly selected for escape mutations in Gag, indicating that vaccine-induced CTLs successfully contained replication of the challenge virus. Interestingly, analysis of the escape variant selected in three vaccinees that share a major histocompatibility complex class I haplotype revealed that the escape variant virus was at a replicative disadvantage compared with SIVmac239. These findings suggested that the vaccine-induced CTLs had "crippled" the challenge virus. Our results indicate that vaccine induction of highly effective CTLs can result in the containment of replication of a highly pathogenic immunodeficiency virus.
Policy gradient reinforcement learning for fast quadrupedal locomotion (2004)

This paper presents a machine learning approach to optimizing a quadrupedal trot gait for forward speed. Given a parameterized walk designed for a specific robot, we propose using a form of policy gradient reinforcement learning to automatically search the set of possible parameters with the goal of finding the fastest possible walk. We implement and test our approach on a commercially available quadrupedal robot platform, namely the Sony Aibo robot. After about three hours of learning, all on the physical robots and with no human intervention other than to change the batteries, the robots achieved a gait faster than any previously known gait known for the Aibo, significantly outperforming a variety of existing hand-coded and learned solutions.
Two-Color STED Microscopy of Living Synapses Using A Single Laser-Beam Pair (2011)

The advent of superresolution microscopy has opened up new research opportunities into dynamic processes at the nanoscale inside living biological specimens. This is particularly true for synapses, which are very small, highly dynamic, and embedded in brain tissue. Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, a recently developed laser-scanning technique, has been shown to be well suited for imaging living synapses in brain slices using yellow fluorescent protein as a single label. However, it would be highly desirable to be able to image presynaptic boutons and postsynaptic spines, which together form synapses, using two different fluorophores. As STED microscopy uses separate laser beams for fluorescence excitation and quenching, incorporation of multicolor imaging for STED is more difficult than for conventional light microscopy. Although two-color schemes exist for STED microscopy, these approaches have several drawbacks due to their complexity, cost, and incompatibility with common labeling strategies and fluorophores. Therefore, we set out to develop a straightforward method for two-color STED microscopy that permits the use of popular green-yellow fluorescent labels such as green fluorescent protein, yellow fluorescent protein, Alexa Fluor 488, and calcein green. Our new (to our knowledge) method is based on a single-excitation/STED laser-beam pair to simultaneously excite and quench pairs of these fluorophores, whose signals can be separated by spectral detection and linear unmixing. We illustrate the potential of this approach by two-color superresolution time-lapse imaging of axonal boutons and dendritic spines in living organotypic brain slices.
Thermal and kinetic analyses on Michael addition reaction of acrylic acid (2016)

The purpose of this study is to obtain a better understanding of Michael addition reaction (MAR) which may induce runaway polymerization of acrylic acid. The heat of MAR was measured using a C80 Calvet-type heat flux calorimeter, and products of MAR were revealed by gel permeation chromatography. The reaction rate constant of MAR was obtained from kinetic analysis. In high-sensitivity calorimetry, a low rate of heat release due to MAR was detected. The heat of MAR was 109 J g−1 and conversion of acrylic acid to Michael adducts was 82 mass%. The products of MAR were acrylic acid dimers, trimers and tetramers. The reaction order was 2.5th, and the overall reaction rate constant was k = 3.52 × 103 × exp (−1.18 × 105/T [K]) L1.5 mol−1.5 s−1. The activation energy of MAR was 98.0 kJ mol−1, which was similar in value to that of dimerization in previous studies. This indicated that dimer formation is the dominant reaction in MAR.
Test Synthesis for Data Paths in VLIW-based Processors (1999)

Abstract: In this paper, we present an original test synthesis approach for data paths of VLIW based processors. Our approach is a library-based method, in which together with components, canned tests are stored. The aim of our approach is to synthesize data paths and corresponding test sets in parallel.
ULTRASONIC STIMULATION OF OPTICAL SCATTERING IN NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS (1970)

We report that the application of an ultrasonic compressional wave to a thin layer of nematic liquid crystals results in optical scattering. This effect, which possesses both threshold and gray-scale properties, is potentially useful for real-time ultrasonic visualization for nondestructive testing and medical applications.
Multispectral lensless digital in-line holographic microscope: LED illumination (2010)

Holography is the process where two coherent wavefields interfere resulting in an interference pattern from which whole field information can be retrieved. Digital holography is the process where the intensity of the superposition of the two waves is recorded using a light sensitive opto-electronic detector array such as a CCD or CMOS camera. From this recorded hologram it is possible to numerically reconstruct the object wavefield. When an optical beam is focused on a pinhole whose diameter is of the order of a few times the wavelength of the illumination beam, a spherically divergent wavefield is emitted. We use the emitted optical beam to illuminate weakly scattering objects resulting in a geometrically magnified diffraction pattern at the camera face. Scattered light from the object is the called the object wavefield, while unscattered light acts as the reference wavefield. The hologram is captured digitally before numerical reconstruction is applied to yield whole field information about the object. It is possible to reconstruct the objects wavefield using this method from coherent laser or incoherent LED illumination. The emitted light from the pinhole acts a pointsource of spatially coherent light enabling holography. This, in combination with the use of multiple wavelength LED's multispectral amplitude images can be reconstructed. The multispectral lensless DIHM described here can be used to holographically image biological specimens such as cells grown for use in the biopharmaceutical industry or for research purposes. In analysing cell viability based on the trypan blue assay, the outer membrane of non-viable cells is penetrated by violet blue dye. Using such a Digital In-line Holographic Microscope as described here, automatic classification of viable and non-viable cells could be performed.
Morphologic, immunologic, enzymehistochemical and chromosomal analysis of a cell line derived from Hodgkin's disease (1985)

Cell lines derived from Hodgkin's disease may provide a clue to the nature of Sternberg-Reed cells. In the current study, the establishment of an Epstein-Barr-virus-negative lymphoblastoid cell line, derived from the pleural fluid of a patient with the nodular sclerosis type of Hodgkin's disease, is described. The morphologic and immunologic cell marker findings indicate that this cell line is derived from Sternberg-Reed cells. The immunologic findings and a chromosomal analysis are in agreement with a B-lymphocyte origin of these cultured cells. Extrapolation of the results to Hodgkin's disease in vivo would indicate that Hodgkin's disease, like most non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, is the result of B-cell proliferation.
Modeling organic surfaces with self‐assembled monolayers (1989)

Abstract The interfacial properties of organic materials are of critical importance in many applications, especially the control of wettability, adhesion, tribology, and corrosion. The relationships between the microscopic structure of an organic surface and its macroscopic physical properties are, however, only poorly understood. This short review presents a model system that has the ease of preparation and the structural definition required to provide a firm understanding of interfacial phenomena. Long‐chain thiols, HS(CH 2 ) n X, adsorb from solution onto gold and form densely packed, oriented monolayers. By varying the terminal functional group, X, of the thiol, organic surfaces can be created having a wide range of structures and properties. More, complex systems can be constructed by coadsorbing two or more thiols with different terminal functional groups or with different chain lengths onto a common gold substrate. By these techniques, controlled degrees of disorder can be introduced into model surfaces. We have used these systems to explore the relationships between the microscopic structure of the monolayers on a molecular and supramolecular scale and their macroscopic properties. Wettability is a macroscopic interfacial property that has proven of particular interest.
Conformational studies of dansylated enkephalins by fluorescence transfer measurements. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and theoretical calculations (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational studies of dansylated enkephalins by fluorescence transfer measurements. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and theoretical calculationsAnne Guyon-Gruaz, Jean Paul Demonte, Marie Claude Fournie-Zaluski, Anne Englert, and Bernard P. RoquesCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 23, 6677–6683Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00526a024https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00526a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Circuit hot carrier reliability simulation in advanced CMOS technology process development (2002)

DC hot carrier parameters, e.g. Idsat and Idlin, were found to be correlated to AC ring oscillator frequency degradation. The impact of crosstalk induced voltage overshoot on invertor hot carrier degradation was quantified by reliability simulation. A set of designable parameters was used to ensure deep submicron technology hot carrier reliability.
Low-Bandgap Benzodifuranone-Based Polymers (2011)

π-Conjugated monomers and polymers containing benzodifuranone units in the main chain were prepared. Polymers were obtained using palladium-catalyzed Suzuki and Stille polycondensation reactions of dibromo-substituted benzodifuranone derivatives with either dihexylfluorene diboronester or bis(trimethylstannyl)thiophene. The optical and electronic properties were investigated using UV/vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the polymers show very broad absorption bands with a high extinction coefficient up to 32 500 L mol–1 cm–1. The polymers also show reversible redox behavior, giving small HOMO–LUMO gaps up to 1.30 eV with strong donor–acceptor character.
Current distribution for parallel-connected DC power sources without remote sensing (2002)

The analytical proof showing that output voltage droop characteristics of parallel-connected DC-DC power converters are only appropriate for limited applications is presented. Because power converters are very seldom identical, near-uniform current-sharing without additional control can be achieved only when paralleled power converters have similar characteristics and behave like ideal current sources. This can be achieved at the expense of poor voltage regulation. As an alternative, a current-sharing control technique, which requires no remote sensing, is proposed. This technique ensures uniform or designated current distribution throughout specified load range. A control circuit module is independently implemented without any preliminary knowledge or any circuit modification of the source power converters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combined image signal processing for CMOS image sensors (2005)

An efficient image signal processing structure is proposed for CMOS image sensors to achieve low area and power consumption. In the proposed structure, the gamma correction block is moved to the front to merge several image signal processings into one block. An efficient compensation scheme is also proposed to reduce the errors caused by the moving of the nonlinear gamma correction. Experimental results show that the proposed structure reduces area and power consumption by 23.8 and 31.1%, respectively.
Low total protein S antigen but high protein S activity due to decreased C4b-binding protein in neonates (1988)

Protein S, a vitamin K-dependent cofactor for activated protein C, exists in normal adult plasma in a free anticoagulantly active form and in an inactive form complexed to C4b-binding protein. Immunologic and functional levels of protein S and C4b-binding protein in plasma were determined for 20 newborn infants and compared with adult normal pooled plasma. Total protein S antigen levels averaged 23%, similar to other vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins. However, the protein S anticoagulant activity was 74% of that of adult normal plasma. This apparent discrepancy of activity to antigen was shown to be due to low or undetectable levels of C4b-binding protein, which results in the presence of most if not all of protein S in its free and active form. The relatively high level of anticoagulantly active protein S in infants may enhance the potential of the protein C pathway, thereby minimizing risks of venous thrombosis in this group.
PMMA/MWCNT nanocomposite for proton radiation shielding applications (2016)

Radiation shielding in space missions is critical in order to protect astronauts, spacecraft and payloads from radiation damage. Low atomic-number materials are efficient in shielding particle-radiation, but they have relatively weak material properties compared to alloys that are widely used in space applications as structural materials. However, the issues related to weight and the secondary radiation generation make alloys not suitable for space radiation shielding. Polymers, on the other hand, can be filled with different filler materials for reinforcement of material properties, while at the same time provide sufficient radiation shielding function with lower weight and less secondary radiation generation. In this study, poly(methyl-methacrylate)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (PMMA/MWCNT) nanocomposite was fabricated. The role of MWCNTs embedded in PMMA matrix, in terms of radiation shielding effectiveness, was experimentally evaluated by comparing the proton transmission properties and secondary neutron generation of the PMMA/MWCNT nanocomposite with pure PMMA and aluminum. The results showed that the addition of MWCNTs in PMMA matrix can further reduce the secondary neutron generation of the pure polymer, while no obvious change was found in the proton transmission property. On the other hand, both the pure PMMA and the nanocomposite were 18%-19% lighter in weight than aluminum for stopping the protons with the same energy and generated up to 5% fewer secondary neutrons. Furthermore, the use of MWCNTs showed enhanced thermal stability over the pure polymer, and thus the overall reinforcement effects make MWCNT an effective filler material for applications in the space industry.
’Glocalizing’ Education: Focusing in and Focusing Out (2007)

This paper challenges the notion of globalization as a purely neo-liberal economic phenomenon that includes a unidirectional progression toward cultural ‘macdonaldization’. On the contrary, it suggests that different conceptualizations of the relationship between globalization and education can lead to very different ends. This paper describes how focusing in on local (indigenous) ways of living and knowing facilitates the building of competencies that are crucial for global citizenship. This is a process that I call ‘glocalizing’ education. Schools are the primary social institution charged with fashioning social identities and cultivating citizens but they need to be attentive to their unique cultural settings by validating local knowledge and making connections between the local and the global. To illustrate how schools in Hawai'i are focusing in on indigenous knowledge and, at the same time fostering global competencies, we explore a curriculum that is common in many Hawai'i schools, the ahupua'a curriculum.
A Bilinear Time Delay Neural Network Model for a Robot Software System (2006)

The software system for the human friendly robot is important to realize a practical flexible robot. I propose the system based on a bilinear time delay neural network model for this purpose. The proposed model can describe both linear and non-linear models for robot software. And this model also can describe both algebraic and differential equation systems. I discuss how this model works for robot functions. I also show the example robot functions of motion, sensing and logic using proposed model.
THE VON BRAUN CYANOGEN BROMIDE REACTION. II. APPLICATION TO N-ARYLPYRROLIDINES<sup>1, 2</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE VON BRAUN CYANOGEN BROMIDE REACTION. II. APPLICATION TO N-ARYLPYRROLIDINES1, 2ROBERT C. ELDERFIELD and MILTON GREENCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1952, 17, 3, 431–441Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01137a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (720 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Neuroprotective agents for clinical trials in ALS (2006)

<b>Background: </b> Riluzole is currently the only Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment for ALS, but its effect on survival is modest. <b>Objective: </b> To identify potential neuroprotective agents for testing in phase III clinical trials and to outline which data need to be collected for each drug. <b>Methods: </b> The authors identified 113 compounds by inviting input from academic clinicians and researchers and via literature review to identify agents that have been tested in ALS animal models and in patients with ALS. The list was initially narrowed to 24 agents based on an evaluation of scientific rationale, toxicity, and efficacy in previous animal and human studies. These 24 drugs underwent more detailed pharmacologic evaluation. <b>Results: </b> Twenty drugs were selected as suitable for further development as treatments for patients with ALS. Talampanel and tamoxifen have completed early phase II trials and have demonstrated preliminary efficacy. Other agents (ceftriaxone, minocycline, ONO-2506, and IGF-1 polypeptide) are already in phase III trials involving large numbers of patients with ALS. Remaining agents (AEOL 10150, arimoclomol, celastrol, coenzyme Q10, copaxone, IGF-1–viral delivery, memantine, NAALADase inhibitors, nimesulide, scriptaid, sodium phenylbutyrate, thalidomide, trehalose) require additional preclinical animal data, human toxicity and pharmacokinetic data including CNS penetration prior to proceeding to large scale phase III human testing. Further development of riluzole analogues should be considered. <b>Conclusions: </b> Several potential neuroprotective compounds, representing a wide range of mechanisms, are available and merit further investigation in ALS.
Accuracy of automated oscillometric blood pressure monitors in the detection of cardiac arrhythmias (2009)

Huang, Qi-Fang; Sheng, Chang-Sheng; Zhang, Yi; Wang, Jie; Li, Yan; Wang, Ji-Guang Author Information