gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface-micromachined gear trains driven by an on-chip electrostatic microengine (1996)

Test results for a polysilicon, surface-micromachined, electrostatically-actuated microengine driving multiple gears are presented. The microengine provides output in the form of a continuously rotating output gear (50 μm in diameter) that is capable of delivering torque to additional geared mechanisms. The microengine can be operated at varying speeds and its motion can be reversed. A rotational speed of up to 200000 r/min while driving multiple gears has been obtained. Drive of a 1600 μm diameter optical shutter has also been demonstrated. The resultant microengine and gear train, produced by polysilicon surface-micromachining techniques, are completely batch-fabricated without the need for piece-part assembly.
Co-operatives (1987)

It is a very good question to ask why the factory system substituted capitalist for workers’ control over the production process. As Andrew Ure remarked,
Effects of Nitrogen,Remained Leaves and α-NAA on the Nicotine of Flue-cured Tobacco Variety K326 (2005)

The experiment was conducted to study K326,a variety of flue-cured tobacco with three factors, each factor included two different level. Thus,there were eight different treatments. They were arranged at random and repeated three times. The results showed that the yield,output value, average price,high-quality ratio and high-middle-quality ratio of the treatment which applied pure nitrogen 135 kg·hm -2 ,20 leaves remained per plant and sprinkled α-NAA(10 mg/L)were highest; nicotine contentsand other chemical contents were moderate in all parts.
pH-Sensitive, Cation-Selective Channels Formed by a Simple Synthetic Polyelectrolyte in Artificial Bilayer Membranes (1996)

A synthetic amphiphilic polymer, poly(2-ethylacrylic acid), induces pore formation in artificial phospholipid bilayers under mildly acidic conditions. This process is pH-controllable and produces cation-selective ion channels of at least three unique large conductances with differing Na+/Cl- permeability ratio values. Two general types of channel gating kinetics are observed, one flickering and irregular and one regular and discrete. The discrete channel activity resembles that of well-characterized biological and synthetic peptides. Given the heterogeneity of polymer structure and conformation, this observation raises questions about the mechanism of polymer channel formation and the nature of these channels in lipid bilayer membranes.
Fusion of HCV Nonstructural Antigen to MHC Class II–associated Invariant Chain Enhances T-cell Responses Induced by Vectored Vaccines in Nonhuman Primates (2014)

Despite viral vectors being potent inducers of antigen-specific T cells, strategies to further improve their immunogenicity are actively pursued. Of the numerous approaches investigated, fusion of the encoded antigen to major histocompatibility complex class II-associated invariant chain (Ii) has been reported to enhance CD8(+) T-cell responses. We have previously shown that adenovirus vaccine encoding nonstructural (NS) hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins induces potent T-cell responses in humans. However, even higher T-cell responses might be required to achieve efficacy against different HCV genotypes or therapeutic effect in chronically infected HCV patients. In this study, we assessed fusion of the HCV NS antigen to murine and human Ii expressed by the chimpanzee adenovirus vector ChAd3 or recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara in mice and nonhuman primates (NHPs). A dramatic increase was observed in outbred mice in which vaccination with ChAd3 expressing the fusion antigen resulted in a 10-fold increase in interferon-γ(+) CD8(+) T cells. In NHPs, CD8(+) T-cell responses were enhanced and accelerated with vectors encoding the Ii-fused antigen. These data show for the first time that the enhancement induced by vector vaccines encoding li-fused antigen was not species specific and can be translated from mice to NHPs, opening the way for testing in humans.
<i>CFH</i>,<i>VEGF</i>and<i>HTRA1</i>promoter genotype may influence the response to intravitreal ranibizumab therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (2011)

This study reports preliminary evidence suggesting that the higher AMD risk genotypes in CFH, VEGF and HTRA1 may influence the short-term response to treatment with ranibizumab for neovascular AMD.
A New Radiation Balance Microwave Thermograph for Simultaneous and Independent Temperature and Emissivity Measurements<sup>*</sup> (1979)

In the past, biomedical temperature measurements by microwave radiometry suffered from variable mismatch (emissivity less than 1) between the specimen under test and the receiving antenna. We have developed an improved radiometer, which simultaneously measures temperature and emissivity, independent by of a possible mismatch. Comparative measurements demonstrate the superiority of the new system as compared to conventional ones.
SUR1 Regulates PKA-independent cAMP-induced Granule Priming in Mouse Pancreatic B-cells (2003)

Measurements of membrane capacitance were applied to dissect the cellular mechanisms underlying PKA-dependent and -independent stimulation of insulin secretion by cyclic AMP. Whereas the PKA-independent (Rp-cAMPS-insensitive) component correlated with a rapid increase in membrane capacitance of approximately 80 fF that plateaued within approximately 200 ms, the PKA-dependent component became prominent during depolarizations >450 ms. The PKA-dependent and -independent components of cAMP-stimulated exocytosis differed with regard to cAMP concentration dependence; the K(d) values were 6 and 29 micro M for the PKA-dependent and -independent mechanisms, respectively. The ability of cAMP to elicit exocytosis independently of PKA activation was mimicked by the selective cAMP-GEFII agonist 8CPT-2Me-cAMP. Moreover, treatment of B-cells with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against cAMP-GEFII resulted in partial (50%) suppression of PKA-independent exocytosis. Surprisingly, B-cells in islets isolated from SUR1-deficient mice (SUR1(-/-) mice) lacked the PKA-independent component of exocytosis. Measurements of insulin release in response to GLP-1 stimulation in isolated islets from SUR1(-/-) mice confirmed the complete loss of the PKA-independent component. This was not attributable to a reduced capacity of GLP-1 to elevate intracellular cAMP but instead associated with the inability of cAMP to stimulate influx of Cl(-) into the granules, a step important for granule priming. We conclude that the role of SUR1 in the B cell extends beyond being a subunit of the plasma membrane K(ATP)-channel and that it also plays an unexpected but important role in the cAMP-dependent regulation of Ca(2+)-induced exocytosis.
The Mammalian DNA Polymerase δ−Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen−Template-Primer Complex:  Molecular Characterization by Direct Binding (1996)

Three direct assays, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-band mobility shift, agarose gel electrophoresis-band mobility shift, and nitrocellulose filter binding, were established to study complexes formed among mammalian DNA polymerase delta (pol delta), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and synthetic oligonucleotide template-primers. In all contexts, complex formation requires simultaneous presence of pol delta, PCNA, and template-primer. Moreover, we showed in one such assay that the complex formed contains each molecular component. Nuclease protection experiments demonstrate that complex formation protects template from degradation by DNase I. The mass determined for the pol delta.PCNA.template-primer complex was about 267 kDa, consistent with the participation of one molecule of pol delta, two or three molecules of PCNA and one molecule of template-primer. PCNA alone behaved as a trimer (mass determined to be about 87 kDa). Complex could be manipulated enzymologically. Measurement of off rates demonstrates directly that PCNA stabilizes the pol delta.template-primer complex.
The prevalence of psychological comorbidity in people with vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017)

Summary Background Vitiligo is a chronic disorder causing skin depigmentation with global prevalence varying from 0·2% to 1·8%. U.K. guidelines recommend assessment of psychological state during clinical evaluation of vitiligo. However, the prevalence of psychological comorbidity in people with vitiligo has not been described. Objectives To establish the prevalence of psychological symptoms or disorders in people with vitiligo and describe the outcome measures used. Methods We performed a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO to identify observational studies assessing the prevalence of psychological symptoms or disorders (December 2016). DerSimonian and Lard random-effects models were used to estimate the overall pooled prevalence. Results We identified 29 studies with 2530 people with vitiligo. Most studies included a measure of either depression (n =25) or anxiety (n =13). The commonest tools were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Centre for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale. Ten studies provided information on 13 other psychological outcomes. Pooled prevalence using depression-specific and anxiety-specific questionnaires was 0·29 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·21–0·38] and 0·33 (95% CI 0·18–0·49), respectively. Prevalence was lower for clinically diagnosed depression (0·21, 95% CI 0·15–0·28) and anxiety (0·15, 95% CI 0·06–0·24). When nonspecific tools were used the prevalence remained similar for depression (0·27, 95% CI 0·08–0·46) but increased for anxiety (0·46, 95% CI 0·39–0·52). High heterogeneity was observed. Conclusions A range of psychological outcomes are common in people with vitiligo. The prevalence of anxiety was influenced by type of screening tool, suggesting the need for validation of psychological outcome screening tools in the field of dermatology.
Studies on conductivity of nitrile rubber and its blends with NR, EPDM, and PVC (2002)

Nitrile/butadiene rubber has been made electrically conducting by the incorporation of acetylene black. The change in conductivity and mechanical properties with varying amounts of acetylene black was studied. Nitrile rubber was blended with NR, PVC, and EPDM and their conductivity and mechanical properties were determined after incorporation of acetylene black. On comparison it was found that NBR-NR blends are more conducting than NBR-PVC and NBR-EPDM blends. Blends of NBR-NR containing varying amounts of NR and NBR were prepared with the same amount of acetylene black, and their properties were also studied. A blend of 80:20 NBR/NR was studied in detail by varying the concentration of acetylene black. It was found that electrical conductivity depends on the degree of dispersion of acetylene black in the polymer matrix.
Rating professional astronomers in South Africa : a comparison of the H-index and NRF Ratings (2017)

Two methods for rating astronomers are compared – the scheme of the National Research Foundation (NRF) and the H-index. The two methods do not yield closely similar results.
Identification of Smoking-Associated Differentially Methylated Regions Using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing and Cell type–Specific Enhancer Activation and Gene Expression (2018)

Our findings suggest that <i>AHRR</i> SM-DMR up-regulates <i>AHRR</i> mRNA in a monocyte-specific manner by activating the <i>AHRR</i> enhancer. Cell type-specific activation of enhancers at SM-DMRs may represent a mechanism driving smoking-related disease. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2395.
Generation of Single Picosecond and Subpicosecond Light Pulses (1972)

Picosecond light pulses passing through a saturable absorber show considerable pulse shortening. For instance, under special favorable conditions the pulse duration was found to be reduced from 8 to 2. 6 psec in a single transit. Using a multiple-absorber-amplifier system, light pulses were shortened from 8 to 0.7 psec in five transits. The shortest pulse seen in our experiments had a duration of less than 0.5 psec. Calculations based on a two-level approximation of the absorbing medium agreed well with the experimental results.
Insecticidal activity of certain benzodioxolyl carbamates (1972)

Abstract A series of benzodioxolyl carbamates has been prepared and evaluated in the laboratory for insecticidal activity against a range of ten species. The results indicated that this was optimal with the 4‐benzodioxolyl carbamates with a 2,2‐dialkyl substitution. The most promising of these on the basis of cost‐effectiveness was 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐benzodioxol‐4‐yl methylcarbamate, bendiocarb, which is being developed commercially for the control of household pests.
Studies in water‐vapor transmission rate of nonocclusive acrylic adhesive tape (1996)

Various homopolymers, copolymers, and terpolymers based on 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA), and acrylic acid (AA) were synthesized using the well-known free-radical polymerization technique. The polymers were analyzed by 1HNMR and IR spectroscopy to identify and confirm the presence of the monomers in the copolymer and also to check the absence of monomer impurities. A water-vapor transmission rate (WVTR) study of the synthesized adhesives coated on nonwoven polyester fabric was undertaken using the desiccant method. The water-vapor permeability of the various copolymers changed with the change in monomer concentration. The higher the AA content in the copolymer, the higher was the permeability. The trend shown by various copolymers and terpolymers of 2-EHA with respect to their WVTR is 2-EHA-co-AA > 2-EHA-co-nBMA > 2-EHA-co-AA-co-nBMA. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A flexible pneumatic actuator for gripping soft irregular shaped objects (1995)

A novel actuator is described with integral tactile sensing. The device is aimed at handling bulk non-rigid in particular foodstuffs and agricultural produce. The actuator enables the gripper to configure to the optimum shape required, and with completion of the tactile sensing technique this will allow automatic control of the gripper configuration with respect to the material, enabling the device to react and control the deformation of the product.
Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts as <i>In Vitro</i> Blood Vessel Mimics for the Evaluation of Endothelialization of Intravascular Devices (2006)

The accelerating use of minimally invasive procedures for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, and the commensurate development of intravascular devices such as stents, has lead to a high demand for preclinical assessment techniques. A 3-dimensional in vitro blood vessel mimic (BVM) would be ideal for device testing before animal or clinical studies. This is possible based on current capabilities for the creation of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). Using an established method of pressure-sodding human endothelial cells onto a polymer scaffold, a BVM was created in an in vitro bioreactor system under flow. Scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry verified a cellular lining and revealed a luminal monolayer of endothelial cells. After BVM development, bare metal stents were deployed. Stented and unstented BVMs were evaluated using fluorescent nuclear staining and optical coherence tomography (OCT). En face and cross-sectional evaluation of bisbenzimide-stained nuclei revealed cellular coverage of the stent surfaces. Cross-sectional evaluation using OCT also illustrated a cellular layer developing over the stent struts. These data support the use of TEVGs as in vitro BVMs for pre-clinical evaluation of the endothelial cell response to stents and endovascular devices.
Predicting the Performance of Organic Corrosion Inhibitors (2017)

The withdrawal of effective but toxic corrosion inhibitors has provided an impetus for the discovery of new, benign organic compounds to fill that role. Concurrently, developments in the high-throughput synthesis of organic compounds, the establishment of large libraries of available chemicals, accelerated corrosion inhibition testing technologies, and the increased capability of machine learning methods have made discovery of new corrosion inhibitors much faster and cheaper than it used to be. We summarize these technical developments in the corrosion inhibition field and describe how data-driven machine learning methods can generate models linking molecular properties to corrosion inhibition that can be used to predict the performance of materials not yet synthesized or tested. We briefly summarize the literature on quantitative structure–property relationships models of small organic molecule corrosion inhibitors. The success of these models provides a paradigm for rapid discovery of novel, effective corrosion inhibitors for a range of metals and alloys in diverse environments.
Ablative Surgery and Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease (1998)

Surgical options for Parkinson's disease (PD) are rapidly expanding and include ablative procedures, deep brain stimulation, and cell transplantation. The target nuclei for ablative surgery and deep brain stimulation are the motor thalamus, the globus pallidus, and the subthalamic nucleus. Multiple factors have led to the resurgence of interest in the surgical treatment of PD: 1) recognition that long-term medical therapy for PD is often unsatisfactory, with patients eventually suffering from drug-induced dyskinesias, motor fluctuations, and variable responses to medication; 2) greater understanding of the pathophysiology of PD, providing a better scientific rationale for some previously developed procedures and suggesting new targets; and 3) use of improved techniques, such as computed tomography- and magnetic resonance imaging-guided stereotaxy and single-unit microelectrode recording, making surgical intervention in the basal ganglia more precise. We review the present status of ablative surgery and deep brain stimulation for PD, including theoretical aspects, surgical techniques, and clinical results.
Effects of milk phospholipid on memory and psychological stress response (2010)

Purpose Phosphatidylserine (PS) extracted from both bovine cortex and soya beans has been previously reported to positively affect cognitive functioning, mood, and the capacity to cope with stress. The present paper aims to investigate whether the daily intake of phospholipid concentrate (PL) rich in phosphatidylserine (PS) and sphingomyelin (SM) has similar beneficial effects on working memory, allostastic load and the acute stress response. Design/methodology/approach A total of 46 healthy men (average 41.5 years) received either placebo or 13.5 g per day PL over a three‐week period. On the 21st day of PL intake, subjects' working memory performance and their psychological and endocrine responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) were tested. Findings Compared to placebo‐exposed individuals, there was a tendency for shorter reaction times in the working memory task, suggesting better performance in PL‐treated subjects. The two treatment groups did not significantly differ in their endocrine stress response. However, PL‐treated subjects with a higher stress load showed a blunted psychological stress response. Practical implications Results of the present study show beneficial effects of PL intake on cognitive performance. Under acute stress, benefits of PL may only be visible in chronically stressed subjects. Originality/value This paper provides new information for practitioners, academics and food supplement industries interested in possible beneficial effects of a milk phospholipid product on memory and mental stress.
Adaptive incremental redundancy selective-repeat ARQ scheme for finite buffer receivers (1992)

Previously, several modifications of the Weldon ARQ scheme for use in systems with limited receiver buffers have been studied. In the Letter, an incremental redundancy ARQ scheme which uses rate compatible punctured convolutional codes is proposed and its throughput efficiency analysed. It is found that the system yields a comparatively high through-put over a wide range of channel conditions, thus making it attractive for use on time-varying channels.
Recombinant Chicken Interferon-Gamma-Mediated Inhibition of Eimeria tenella Development in vitro and Reduction of Oocyst Production and Body Weight Loss Following Eimeria acervulina Challenge Infection (1998)

H. S. Lillehoj, K. D. Choi, Recombinant Chicken Interferon-Gamma-Mediated Inhibition of Eimeria tenella Development in vitro and Reduction of Oocyst Production and Body Weight Loss Following Eimeria acervulina Challenge Infection, Avian Diseases, Vol. 42, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1998), pp. 307-314
Electron emission from SrTiO3-coated silicon-tip arrays (2007)

The field emission of electrons from silicon-tip arrays coated with SrTiO3 thin layers has been investigated. It is found that the emission properties are sensitive to the preparation conditions and the extent of nitrogen doping in the magnetron sputtering. Nitrogen addition could reduce the band gap of the SrTiO3 caps to improve the emission properties significantly with a threshold field of 17V∕μm and the stability of emitted current compared with the uncoated silicon tips. Results demonstrate that SrTiO3 thin films with N addition effectively lower the work function of silicon tips. However, oxygen-rich SrTiO3 exhibits a detrimental effect. Findings are explained in terms of valence-density-state modification by the nonbonding lone pairs and the lone-pair-induced dipoles [W. T. Zheng and C. Q. Sun, Prog. Solid State Chem. 34, 1 (2006)].
Controlling molecular organization for the realization of sub-wavelength light sources (2010)

International audience
Barley: genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology and biotechnology (1992)

This major book reviews our current knowledge of the genetics and molecular biology of barley and how biotechnology can be used to improve crop yields and their quality for feed or in the brewing industry. The book is divided into six main sections covering: phylogeny and wild relatives; basic genetics; molecular analysis of metabolism and development; seed structure and composition; pathogen resistance; genetic engineering and biotechnology.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MICRO AND NANOSCALE THERMOMETRY (2001)

One of the key issues related to studies in microscale heat transfer is the ability to measure temperature at small scales. In the recent past, rapid and significant progress has enabled temperature measurements to be made with unprecedented high spatial and temporal resolutions. This has allowed heat transfer research to enter a new regime which was previously inaccessible. This article reviews recent developments and discusses future directions, indicating the variety of opportunities for research that are of scientific and technological importance.
myb Proto-Oncogene Product as a Transcriptional Regulator (1997)

The v-myb oncogene was originally identified as an oncogene carried by two actuely leukemogenic avian retroviruses, avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and E26 (for review see Graf, 1992). AMV transforms myeloid cells and causes a monoblastic leukemia, whereas E26 transforms myeloid and erythroid cells in vitro and causes predominantly an erythroleukemia (Radke et al, 1992; Moscovici et al, 1983). In 1988-1989, the c-myb proto-oncogene product (c-Myb) was demonstrated to function as a transcriptional activator that binds to specific DNA sequences. In this review, I shall address the structure of each functional domain in c-Myb, regulation of c-Myb activity, and mechanism of oncogenic activation of c-myb.