gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retro virus-Mediated Gene Transfer of B7-1 and MHC Class II Converts a Poorly Immunogenic Neuroblastoma into a Highly Immunogenic One (1996)

The T cell co-stimulatory molecule B7-1 was transduced into a poorly immunogenic murine neuroblastoma cell line (Neuro-2a, N-2a) alone or in combination with MHC class II genes to test the ability of these genes to stimulate antitumor immunity. N-2a cells transduced with B7-1 exhibited reduced tumorigenicity, whereas N-2a cells overexpressing both MHC class II (syngeneic, I-Ak) and B7-1 totally abrogated tumorigenicity. Rejection of I-Ak/B7-1 cells was dependent on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The ability of both vaccines to induce protection against parental N-2a was temporally dependent on the time of secondary N-2a challenge. To investigate the immunity generated by N-2a/B7-1 and N-2a/I-Ak/B7-1 vaccines, we tested the ability of these modified cells to stimulate in vitro the proliferation of syngeneic splenocytes from naive mice. A significant increase in splenocyte proliferation was observed with N-2a/I-Ak/B7-1 cells compared to N-2a cells. We also determined that vaccination with N-2a/I-Ak/B7-1 cells was able to generate cytotoxic T cell responses to unmodified N-2a cells. The introduction of B7-1 and I-Ak into N-2a was able to convert a poorly immunogenic tumor to a highly immunogenic one; however, mice bearing large established unmodified tumors had little response to vaccination with N-2a/I-Ak/B7-1 cells. Our results emphasize the importance of tumor immunogenicity in the treatment of established tumors with MHC class II/B7-1 tumor cell vaccines.
Experimental and theoretical study of acetic-acid decomposition by a pulsed dielectric-barrier plasma in a gas–liquid two-phase flow (2011)

Decomposition of acetic acid as a persistent material in water was demonstrated using a pulsed dielectric-barrier plasma in a gas–liquid two-phase flow. The plasma was driven by 35 kV, 200 Hz pulsed voltages and generated in oxygen bubbles in 20 ml solution having a concentration of 10–40 mgTOC l−1. The concentrations of ion species and hydrogen peroxide in the solution were analyzed by ion chromatography and absorptiometry, respectively. After 60 min of operation, the acetic acid was completely decomposed by the plasma. Optical measurements of the emission intensities of OH, H and O radicals suggest that the generated OH radicals are in the ground state in this study. A numerical calculation was carried out to analyze the radical generation processes in the gas phase and decomposition in the liquid phase. O-radical-induced generation of OH radical needed to be considered in the calculation of total organic carbon (TOC) and H2O2 concentrations in the solution. By considering such plasma–water interaction processes, data for the decomposition of acetic acid, which were in good agreement with experimental results, were obtained.
Modal, ray, and beam techniques for analyzing the EM scattering by open-ended waveguide cavities (1989)

The problem of high-frequency electromagnetic scattering by open-ended waveguide cavities with an interior termination is analyzed via three different approaches. When cavities can be adequately modeled by joining together piecewise separable waveguide sections, a hybrid combination of asymptotic high-frequency and modal techniques is employed. In the case of more arbitrarily shaped waveguide cavities for which modes cannot even be defined in the conventional sense, the geometrical optics ray approach proves to be highly useful. However, at sufficiently high frequencies, both of these approaches tend to become inefficient; hence, a paraxial Gaussian beam technique, which retains much of the simplicity of the ray approximation but is potentially more efficient, is investigated. Typical numerical results based on the different approaches are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Protein labeling by iTRAQ: A new tool for quantitative mass spectrometry in proteome research (2006)

A novel, MS-based approach for the relative quantification of proteins, relying on the derivatization of primary amino groups in intact proteins using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) is presented. Due to the isobaric mass design of the iTRAQ reagents, differentially labeled proteins do not differ in mass; accordingly, their corresponding proteolytic peptides appear as single peaks in MS scans. Because quantitative information is provided by isotope-encoded reporter ions that can only be observed in MS/MS spectra, we analyzed the fragmentation behavior of ESI and MALDI ions of peptides generated from iTRAQ-labeled proteins using a TOF/TOF and/or a QTOF instrument. We observed efficient liberation of reporter ions for singly protonated peptides at low-energy collision conditions. In contrast, increased collision energies were required to liberate the iTRAQ label from lysine side chains of doubly charged peptides and, thus, to observe reporter ions suitable for relative quantification of proteins with high accuracy. We then developed a quantitative strategy that comprises labeling of intact proteins by iTRAQ followed by gel electrophoresis and peptide MS/MS analyses. As proof of principle, mixtures of five different proteins in various concentration ratios were quantified, demonstrating the general applicability of the approach presented here to quantitative MS-based proteomics.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine for treatment of depression, osteoarthritis, and liver disease. (2003)

What study reports were available on the use of SAMe for depression, ostheoarthritis, and liver disease?
]Video object segmentation by hypergraph cut (2009)

In this paper, we present a new framework of video object segmentation, in which we formulate the task of extracting prominent objects from a scene as the problem of hypergraph cut. We initially over-segment each frame in the sequence, and take the over-segmented image patches as the vertices in the graph. Different from the traditional pairwise graph structure, we build a novel graph structure, hypergraph, to represent the complex spatio-temporal neighborhood relationship among the patches. We assign each patch with several attributes that are computed from the optical flow and the appearance-based motion profile, and the vertices with the same attribute value is connected by a hyperedge. Through all the hyperedges, not only the complex non-pairwise relationships between the patches are described, but also their merits are integrated together organically. The task of video object segmentation is equivalent to the hypergraph partition, which can be solved by the hypergraph cut algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by extensive experiments on nature scenes.
Adaptive time-frequency analysis of knee joint vibroarthrographic signals for noninvasive screening of articular cartilage pathology (2000)

Vibroarthrographic (VAG) signals emitted by human knee joints are nonstationary and multicomponent in nature; time-frequency distributions (TFD's) provide powerful means to analyze such signals. The objective of this paper is to construct adaptive TFD's of VAG signals suitable for feature extraction. An adaptive TFD was constructed by minimum cross-entropy optimization of the TFD obtained by the matching pursuit decomposition algorithm. Parameters of VAG signals such as energy, energy spread, frequency, and frequency spread were extracted from their adaptive TFD's. The parameters carry information about the combined TF dynamics of the signals. The mean and standard deviation of the parameters were computed, and each VAG signal was represented by a set of just six features. Statistical pattern classification experiments based on logistic regression analysis of the parameters showed an overall normal/abnormal screening accuracy of 68.9% with 90 VAG signals (51 normals and 39 abnormals), and a higher accuracy of 77.5% with a database of 71 signals with 51 normals and 20 abnormals of a specific type of patellofemoral disorder. The proposed method of VAG signal analysis is independent of joint angle and clinical information, and shows good potential for noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of patellofemoral disorders such as chondromalacia patella.
Pharmacological comparison of the stereoisomers of glyceryl-1-nitrate. (1994)

The enantiomers of glyceryl-1-nitrate, a metabolite of glyceryl trinitrate, were pharmacologically characterized in vitro and in animals. In the Langendorff heart (l) G-1-N was double as potent as (d) G-1-N with respect to the enhancement of coronary flow. The two enantiomers showed almost the same dose-response curves in rabbit aortic strips contracted with phenylephrine. In the same model there were no enantiospecific differences in the development of cross-tolerance to glyceryl-trinitrate. In anaesthetized rabbits, intravenous (l) G-1-N reduced the blood pressure slightly more than (d) G-1-N, while in the conscious dog the blood pressure lowering effect of (d) G-1-N was greater and had a much longer duration (4-6 versus 2 h) than that of (l)G-1-N. The differences in dogs are probably explained by enantiospecific pharmacokinetics: (d) G-1-N had higher plasma levels and showed a longer half-life of elimination than (l) G-1-N (more than 5 h versus 2.7 h). Both enantiomers enhanced the rate of survival after acute coronary ligature in rats with a tendency to higher long-term survival rates after the (d) form.
Information Dimension and the Probabilistic Structure of Chaos (1982)

The concepts of entropy and dimension as applied to dynamical systems are reviewed from a physical point of view. The information dimension, which measures the rate at which the information contained in a probability density scales with resolution, fills a logical gap in the classification of attractors in terms of metric entropy, fractal dimension, and topological entropy. Several examples are presented of chaotic attractors that have a self similar, geometrically scaling structure in their probability distribution; for these attractors the information dimension and fractal dimension are different. Just as the metric (Kolmogorov-Sinai) entropy places an upper bound on the information gained in a sequence of measurements, the information dimension can be used to estimate the information obtained in an isolated measurement. The metric entropy can be expressed in terms of the information dimension of a probability distribution constructed from a sequence of measurements. An algorithm is presented that allows the experimental determination of the information dimension and metric entropy.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Norbornadiene by a Rhodium Complex in a Self‐Folding Cavitand (2010)

It's a wrap! The inclusion of [Rh(nbd)2]BF4 (nbd=norbornadiene) in a deep-cavity cavitand produces a catalytically active species that promotes the hydrogenation of norbornadiene to norbornene (see picture). The structure of the cavitand acts as a second-sphere ligand and modifies the stability, selectivity, and reactivity observed for the free organometallic complex in solution.
High-Lift Propulsive Airfoil with Integrated Crossflow Fan (2006)

A concept for embedding a crossflow fan into a thick wing for lift enhancement and thrust production is proposed. The design places a crossflow fan propulsion system with raised inlet near the trailing edge of the wing. Flow is drawn in from the suction surface, energized, and expelled out the trailing edge. The integration of a crossflow fan within a modified Gottingen 570 airfoil section with 34% thickness to chord ratio is developed and simulated using the commercial CFD software Fluent. Unsteady sliding mesh calculations are used to visualize the flowfield and calculate fan performance and airfoil lift coefficient. The results of the CFD work show that the jet leaving the fan fills up the wake behind the airfoil, whereas the suction effect produced by the fan virtually eliminates flow separation at high angle of attack, yielding very high-lift coefficients. A system level analysis demonstrates the benefits of using an embedded crossflow fan for distributed aircraft propulsion. The system analysis yields tradeoffs between various design parameters and provides a basis for preliminary crossflow fan airfoil design.
GSM on Board Aircraft (2009)

For several years the aircraft industry has been looking for a technology to provide at a reasonable cost a phone service onboard aircraft. Nevertheless, some technical hitches make successful calls via the terrestrial Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network impossible. The mobiles unable to make reliable contact with ground-based base stations, would transmit with maximum RF power and these RF fields could potentially cause interference with the aircraft communications systems. On the other hand, the high speed of the aircraft causes frequent handover from cell to cell, and in extreme cases could even cause degradation of terrestrial services due to the large amount of control signalling required in managing these handovers. In order to avoid these problems and allow airline passengers to use their own mobile terminals during certain stages of flight, a novel approach called GSM On-Board (GSMOB) was suggested in 2005. The GSMOB system consists on a lowpower base station carried on board the aircraft itself, and an associated unit emitting radio noise in the GSM band, raising the noise floor above the signal level originated by ground base stations. Thus mobiles activated at cruising altitude do not see any terrestrial network signal, but only the aircraft-originated cell. This way, the power level needed is low, which reduces the interference with aircraft systems. This thesis provides a general overview on GSMOB system, which is nowadays being offered commercially by several relevant European airlines. Moreover, other aspects beyond the purely technical such as operational and regulatory issues have been addressed.
Krill oil supplementation lowers serum triglycerides without increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults with borderline high or high triglyceride levels (2013)

The aim of the study was to explore the effects of 12 weeks daily krill oil supplementation on fasting serum triglyceride (TG) and lipoprotein particle levels in subjects whose habitual fish intake is low and who have borderline high or high fasting serum TG levels (150-499 mg/dL). We hypothesized that Krill oil lowers serum TG levels in subjects with borderline high or high fasting TG levels. To test our hypothesis 300 male and female subjects were included in a double-blind, randomized, multi-center, placebo-controlled study with five treatment groups: placebo (olive oil) or 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 g/day of krill oil. Serum lipids were measured after an overnight fast at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Due to a high intra-individual variability in TG levels, data from all subjects in the four krill oil groups were pooled to increase statistical power, and a general time- and dose-independent one-way analysis of variance was performed to assess efficacy. Relative to subjects in the placebo group, those administered krill oil had a statistically significant calculated reduction in serum TG levels of 10.2%. Moreover, LDL-C levels were not increased in the krill oil groups relative to the placebo group. The outcome of the pooled analysis suggests that krill oil is effective in reducing a cardiovascular risk factor. However, owing to the individual fluctuations of TG concentrations measured, a study with more individual measurements per treatment group is needed to increase the confidence of these findings.
Reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission. (1999)

In developing countries, mother-to-child (vertical) HIV transmission is responsible for 5-10% of all new HIV infections. Most children born to HIV-positive mothers are not HIV positive, but 25-35% are. Mothers can transmit HIV to their children during pregnancy, childbirth, and through breast-feeding. Mother-to-child HIV transmission in pregnancy and childbirth is also called perinatal transmission. Such HIV transmission can be reduced by reducing the risk of HIV infection in women and their partners by promoting safer sex, providing anti-HIV drugs to women before and during delivery, avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures, avoiding the risk of HIV transmission through breast milk whenever alternate infant feeding methods are available, and reducing the risk of HIV transmission through contaminated blood transfusions to women and their children. The provision of anti-HIV drugs and avoiding HIV transmission through breast milk are discussed.
Similarity Searching and Clustering of Chemical-Structure Databases Using Molecular Property Data (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimilarity Searching and Clustering of Chemical-Structure Databases Using Molecular Property DataGeoffrey M. Downs, Peter Willett, and William FisanickCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1994, 34, 5, 1094–1102Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00021a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00021a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views497Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Receiver implemented RF pilot tone phase noise mitigation in coherent optical nPSK and nQAM systems (2011)

In this paper, a novel method for extracting an RF pilot carrier signal in the coherent receiver is presented. The RF carrier is used to mitigate the phase noise influence in n-level PSK and QAM systems. The performance is compared to the use of an (ideal) optically transmitted RF pilot tone. As expected an electronically generated RF carrier provides less efficient phase noise mitigation than the optical RF. However, the electronically generated RF carrier still improves the phase noise tolerance by about one order of magnitude in bit error rate (BER) compared to using no RF pilot tone. It is also found, as a novel study result, that equalization enhanced phase noise--which appears as correlated pure phase noise, amplitude noise and time jitter-cannot be efficiently mitigated by the use of an (optically or electrically generated) RF pilot tone.
Internet Registry IP Allocation Guidelines (1996)

This document describes the registry system for the distribution of globally unique Internet address space and registry operations. Particularly this document describes the rules and guidelines governing the distribution of this address space.
Chromophore-bearing NH2-terminal domains of phytochromes A and B determine their photosensory specificity and differential light lability. (1996)

In early seedling development, far-red-light-induced deetiolation is mediated primarily by phytochrome A (phyA), whereas red-light-induced deetiolation is mediated primarily by phytochrome B (phyB). To map the molecular determinants responsible for this photosensory specificity, we tested the activities of two reciprocal phyA/phyB chimeras in diagnostic light regimes using overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis. Although previous data have shown that the NH2-terminal halves of phyA and phyB each separately lack normal activity, fusion of the NH2-terminal half of phyA to the COOH-terminal half of phyB (phyAB) and the reciprocal fusion (phyBA) resulted in biologically active phytochromes. The behavior of these two chimeras in red and far-red light indicates: (i) that the NH2-terminal halves of phyA and phyB determine their respective photosensory specificities; (ii) that the COOH-terminal halves of the two photoreceptors are necessary for regulatory activity but are reciprocally inter-changeable and thus carry functionally equivalent determinants; and (iii) that the NH2-terminal halves of phyA and phyB carry determinants that direct the differential light lability of the two molecules. The present findings suggest that the contrasting photosensory information gathered by phyA and phyB through their NH2-terminal halves may be transduced to downstream signaling components through a common biochemical mechanism involving the regulatory activity of the COOH-terminal domains of the photoreceptors.
Annexin A4 Self-Association Modulates General Membrane Protein Mobility in Living Cells (2006)

Annexins are Ca2+-regulated phospholipid-binding proteins whose function is only partially understood. Annexin A4 is a member of this family that is believed to be involved in exocytosis and regulation of epithelial Cl- secretion. In this work, fluorescent protein fusions of annexin A4 were used to investigate Ca2+-induced annexin A4 translocation and self-association on membrane surfaces in living cells. We designed a novel, genetically encoded, FRET sensor (CYNEX4) that allowed for easy quantification of translocation and self-association. Mobility of annexin A4 on membrane surfaces was investigated by FRAP. The experiments revealed the immobile nature of annexin A4 aggregates on membrane surfaces, which in turn strongly reduced the mobility of transmembrane and plasma membrane associated proteins. Our work provides mechanistic insight into how annexin A4 may regulate plasma membrane protein function.
Transfer of cholesterol between high density lipoproteins and cultured rat Sertoli cells (1996)

In the testes, the Sertoli cells are separated from the blood capillaries by the basement membrane, thereby excluding the passage of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) but allowing the passage of high density lipoproteins (HDLs). The present study examines first the capacity of Sertoli cells to uptake cholesterol from HDL and secondly the role of apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and E in cholesterol flux between HDL and cultured rat Sertoli cells. In the presence of HDL in cultured medium, rat Sertoli cells accumulated few amounts of esterified cholesterol. Incubation of [14C] cholesterol-labelled Sertoli cells with [3H]cholesterol-labelled HDL showed that the amount of cholesterol influx slightly exceeded its efflux, thus resulting in a net uptake of cholesterol from HDL to rat Sertoli cells. The amount of HDL-cholesterol converted to steroids by Sertoli cells was about 32% of influx. Uptake of cholesterol by Sertoli cells was three times higher with phospholipid-apo A-I vesicles and seven times higher with phospholipid- apo E vesicles than that with phospholipid vesicles without apolipoprotein. Phospholipid- apo A-I vesicles promoted cholesterol efflux at the same rate as native HDL and twice as efficiently as phospholipid- apo E vesicles. Thus, this study shows that rat Sertoli cells have the capacity to take up HDL-cholesterol for membrane renewal and steroid production mainly by apo E dependent pathways.