gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence of Antimicrobial Selectivity and Potency on Oligomer Structure Investigated Using Substrate Supported Lipid Bilayers and Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy (2009)

Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was used to study interactions between solid-supported lipid bilayers mimicking microbial and erythrocyte cellular membranes and synthetic antimicrobial arylamide oligomers named 2, 3, and 4, designed with the facial amphiphilicity common to naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides. The three compounds have the same backbone structure but varied side chains. The inherent interfacial sensitivity of SFG allowed for simultaneous monitoring of lipid ordering in the individual bilayer leaflets and orientation of 2, 3, and 4 upon interaction with the bilayer. Critical concentrations at which the inner leaflet is disrupted were determined for each oligomer. Spectral evidence of the oligomers' interaction with the bilayer below the critical concentrations was also found. Oligomers 2 and 3 tilted toward the bilayer surface normal, in agreement with previous experimental and simulation results. These oligomers selectively interact with microbial membrane models over erythrocyte membrane models, correlating well to previously published SFG studies on antimicrobial oligomer 1. It was shown that the oligomers interact with the lipid bilayers differently, indicating their different activity and selectivity. This research further shows that SFG is a particularly useful technique for the investigation of interaction mechanisms between cell membranes and membrane-active molecules. Additionally, SFG provides details of the specific interactions between these novel antimicrobials and lipid bilayers.
Software license management from system-integrator viewpoint (2010)

Selling software and its components as a service for use by a widely distributed user base requires some effort on managing the licenses. This thesis is a study on how a license management system for a small or medium sized Independent Software Vendor could be built, by identifying the requirements and potential problems. The framework requirements were identified while planning future software and features, the distribution of software and new invoicing possibilities as part of my daily work. Current licensing literature and best practices were studied to get an overview of license management technology, and this information was then used as a basis for the proposed architectural design. The results consist of an analysis of identified actors and their roles, a plan for creating a license management system and finally an overview of security issues and how they are taken into consideration. The plan includes user interfaces, database schemas for license tracking, backend programming interfaces and some thoughts on integration to the existing invoicing system.
Built-in self-test (BIST) structures for analog circuit fault diagnosis with current test data (1992)

In order to increase the number of test points, while still keeping low pin overhead, a built-in self-test (BIST) structure has been proposed for analog circuit fault diagnosis with voltage test data. The authors present alternative BIST structures for fault diagnosis with current test data using current copiers. The current copiers make a practically identical copy of the current without the need of well-matched components. Thus the proposed BIST structure requires less chip area. The proposed structure allows simultaneous sampling of current test data at various test points and shifting of the data to the output portion for fault diagnosis. Results have also shown that the proposed BIST structure is fully testable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lind: Ist Moral lehrbar? Berlin: Logos Verlag 2000. [Rezension] (2001)

Rezension von: Lind, Georg.: Ist Moral lehrbar? Berlin: Logos Verlag 2000, 320 S.
Bupropion: pharmacology and therapeutic applications (2006)

A total of 17 years after its introduction, bupropion remains a safe and effective antidepressant, suitable for first-line use. Bupropion undergoes metabolic transformation to an active metabolite, 4-hydroxybupropion, through hepatic cytochrome P450-2B6 (CYP2B6) and has inhibitory effects on cytochrome P450-2D6 (CYP2D6), thus raising concern for clinically-relevant drug interactions. Common side effects are nervousness and insomnia. Nausea appears slightly less common than with the SSRI drugs and sexual dysfunction is probably the least of any antidepressant. Bupropion is relatively safe in overdose with seizures being the predominant concern. The mechanism of action of bupropion is still uncertain but may be related to inhibition of presynaptic dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake transporters. The activity of vesicular monoamine transporter-2, the transporter pumping dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin from the cytosol into presynaptic vesicles, is increased by bupropion and may be a component of its mechanism of action. Bupropion is approved for use in major depression and seasonal affective disorder and has demonstrated comparable efficacy to other antidepressants in clinical trials. Bupropion is also useful in augmenting a partial response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, although bupropion should not be combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. It may be less likely to provoke mania than antidepressants with prominent serotonergic effects. Bupropion is effective in helping people quit tobacco smoking. Anecdotal reports indicate bupropion may lower inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, may lower fatigue in cancer and may help reduce concentration problems.
Photonic Crystal Defects with Increased Surface Area for Improved Refractive Index Sensing (2010)

Photonic crystal cavities with tunable surface area via multiple-hole defects were investigated for increased resonance wavelength shifts upon exposure to variable-index analytes. Sensitivity was improved by 10% compared to simulated solid L3 cavities.
Orientational dependence of the exchange biasing in molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown Ni80Fe20/Fe50Mn50 bilayers (invited) (1994)

The exchange biasing field (Heb) and coercive field (Hc) of molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown Cu/Ni80Fe20/Fe50Mn50 samples in [111], [001], and [110] orientations have been investigated by longitudinal Kerr effect measurements. Ni80Fe20 and Fe50Mn50 were deposited as orthogonal wedge-shaped layers on single-crystal Cu substrates in a magnetic field, enabling the study of the thickness dependence of Heb and Hc on a single sample for each orientation. A strong dependence of Heb and Hc on the growth orientation is observed. The results are interpreted in terms of the observed noncollinear spin structure of the antiferromagnet and a comparison is given with the predictions from recent theoretical models.
New Perspectives on PKCθ, a Member of the Novel Subfamily of Protein Kinase C (1998)

Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases have been implicated in numerous cellular responses in a large variety of cell types. Expression patterns of individual members and differences in their cofactor requirements and potential substrate specificity suggest that each isoenzyme may be involved in specific regulatory processes. The PKCtheta isoenzyme exhibits a relatively restricted expression pattern with high protein levels found predominantly in hematopoietic cells and skeletal muscle. PKCtheta was found to be expressed in T, but not B lymphocytes, and to colocalize with the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) at the site of contact between the antigen-responding T cell and the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Colocalization of PKCtheta with the TCR was selective for this isoenzyme and occurred only upon antigen-mediated responses leading to T-cell activation and proliferation. PKCtheta was found to be involved in the regulation of transcriptional activation of early-activation genes, predominantly AP-1, and its cellular distribution and activation were found to be regulated by the 14-3-3 protein. Other findings indicated that PKCtheta can associate with the HIV negative factor (Nef) protein, suggesting that altered regulation of PKCtheta by Nef may contribute to the T-cell impairments that are characteristic of infection by HIV. PKCtheta is expressed at relatively high levels in skeletal muscle, where it is suggested to play a role in signal transduction in both the developing and mature neuromuscular junction. In addition, PKCtheta appears to be involved in the insulin-mediated response of intact skeletal muscle, as well as in experimentally induced insulin resistance of skeletal muscle. Further studies suggest that PKCtheta is expressed in endothelial cells and is involved in multiple processes essential for angiogenesis and wound healing, including the regulation of cell cycle progression, formation and maintenance of actin cytoskeleton, and formation of capillary tubes. Here, we review recent progress in the study of PKCtheta and discuss its potential role in various cellular responses.
Factor VIII-related antigen in human blood platelets: localization and release by thrombin and collagen. (1979)

Human platelets contain 0.61 +/- 0.06 (S.E.) U of VIIIR:Ag per 10(9) platelets or about 25% of the circulating antigen in whole blood. Assay of subcellular fractions obtained by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation of disrupted platelets indicates that over 85% of the VIIIR:Ag is in the alpha granule fraction with other nonenzymatic proteins which can be released by treating platelets with collagen or thrombin. Seven percent or less is in the membrane fraction. After exposure of platelet suspensions to an optimal concentration of collagen, the supernatants contain, at most, 30% of the total amount of VIIIR:Ag in the platelets but a higher percentage of other releasable substances. After exposure to thrombin, the supernatants contain virtually no VIIIR:Ag. These low values are attributed to release of a limited amount of VIIIR:Ag by collagen or thrombin rather than to adsorption or destruction of antigen, for several reasons. (1) VIIIR:Ag can be recovered in the platelet residue as effectively as in control samples. (2) The antigen cannot be detected on the surface of collagen- or thrombin-stimulated platelets. (3) Relatively little released antigen is adsorbed by collagen or destroyed by thrombin. Release of VIIR:Ag by collagen is markedly reduced by aspirin, and release of the antigen as well as fibrinogen from platelets is much slower than release of 14C-serotonin and beta-TG.
Determination of refractive index of softwood using immersion liquid method (2012)

Immersion liquid method is used to determine refractive indices of wood material. An integrating sphere setup is used to measure optical transmission of liquid containing small wood particles. Sweeping the refractive index of the liquid affects its transmission properties through light scattering caused by refractive index mismatch between solid wood particles and the liquid. The refractive index of the solid material is obtained by finding the refractive index value of the liquid which provides the lowest scattering value (maximum transmission). The refractive indices of softwood samples were determined within a wavelength range from 500 nm to 800 nm. The refractive index of sapwood and heartwood were found to be 1.56 and 1.57 at sodium D-line (589.3 nm), respectively. Measured refractive index values will be used when building models of wood for optical simulations.
Role of hydrogen peroxide in hypoxia-induced erythropoietin production (1994)

The addition of exogenous H2O2 inhibited hypoxia-induced erythropoietin (Epo) production in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Likewise, elevation of endogenous H2O2 levels by the addition of menadione or the catalase inhibitor, aminotriazole, dose-dependently lowered Epo production. The inhibitory effect of exogenous H2O2 on Epo formation could be completely overcome by co-incubation with catalase. When GSH levels in HepG2 cells were lowered, Epo production was more susceptible to H2O2-induced inhibition, indicating that H2O2 might affect thiol groups in regulatory proteins. Endogenous production of H2O2 in HepG2 cells was dependent on the pericellular O2 tension, being lowest under conditions of hypoxia. Our results support the hypothesis that an H2O2-generating haem protein might be part of the O2 sensor that controls Epo production. High H2O2 levels under conditions of normoxia suppress, whereas lower levels in hypoxic cells allow epo gene expression.
Production of Melanocyte‐Specific Antibodies to Human Melanosomal Proteins: Expression Patterns in Normal Human Skin and in Cutaneous Pigmented Lesions (2001)

Multiple factors affect skin pigmentation, including those that regulate melanocyte and/or keratinocyte function. Such factors, particularly those that operate at the level of the melanosome, are relatively well characterized in mice, but the expression and function of structural and enzymatic proteins in melanocytes in human skin are not as well known. Some years ago, we generated peptide-specific antibodies to murine melanosomal proteins that proved to be instrumental in elucidating melanocyte development and differentiation in mice, but cross-reactivity of those antibodies with the corresponding human proteins often was weak or absent. In an effort to characterize the roles of melanosomal proteins in human skin pigmentation, and to understand the underlying mechanism(s) of abnormal skin pigmentation, we have now generated polyclonal antibodies against the human melanocyte-specific markers, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TYRP1), Dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) and Pmel17 (SILV, also known as GP100). We used these antibodies to determine the distribution and function of melanosomal proteins in normal human skin (adult and newborn) and in various cutaneous pigmented lesions, such as intradermal nevi, lentigo simplex, solar lentigines and malignant melanomas. We also examined cytokeratin expression in these same samples to assess keratinocyte distribution and function. Immunohistochemical staining reveals distinct patterns of melanocyte distribution and function in normal skin and in various types of cutaneous pigmented lesions. Those differences in the expression patterns of melanocyte markers provide important clues to the roles of melanocytes in normal and in disrupted skin pigmentation.
A distributed AI architecture for customer network control (2002)

A telecommunication network management application of distributed artificial intelligence research on cooperative distributed problem solving between dissimilar autonomous agents is described. From small personal subnets to large corporate networks, private network management and customer control of private networks ranks as an important new class of telecommunication services. Distributed network management automation systems, collections of intelligent, but dissimilar, agents that cooperate to solve common service provisioning and facility allocation problems, are proposed. Such agents form the basis of an architecture for joint private and public network management and customer network control. A research testbed, TEAM-CPS, that explores cooperative problem solving among such agents is described. Interagent cooperation in the testbed is illustrated with a simplified dialog between two agents jointly solving a facility failure problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular characterization of acute leukemias by use of microarray technology (2003)

Accurate subclassification of leukemia and the identification of prognostic determinants are essential to guide therapy and to improve patients' outcome. According to present standards, pre-therapeutic assessment depends on a combination of different methods. We aimed to expand the molecular characterization of different acute leukemia subtypes to identify new genome-wide diagnostic markers. Total RNA from 90 adult patients suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n = 25) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 65) was extracted at diagnosis and high density oligonucleotide microarrays were used to analyze the expression profiles of 12,000/22,000 genes in all specimens (Affymetrix U95Av2/U133A). All cases were thoroughly characterized by individual combinations of cytomorphology, cytogenetics, multiparameter immunophenotyping, and molecular genetics. The expression signature of a small set of differentially expressed genes was sufficient to accurately discriminate eight clinically relevant acute leukemia subgroups. Underlying chromosomal aberrations or immunophenotypical characteristics were strictly correlated with a distinct gene expression pattern for AML with t(8;21), t(15;17), t(11q23)/MLL, or inv(16) as well as for precursor B-ALL with t(9;22), t(8;14), or t(11q23)/MLL and precursor T-ALL. These data support a possible future application of microarray technology for classification of the acute leukemias.
Cassette mutagenesis of a potential substrate recognition region of cytochrome P450 2C2. (1993)

Cassette mutagenesis was used to analyze the effects of mutations at amino acid positions 107-120 in cytochrome P450 2C2 which are part of a predicted substrate recognition site, SRS-1 (Gotoh, O. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 83-90), and terminate with a highly conserved tryptophan. All the mutant enzymes were expressed in COS1 cells at approximately the same level as wild type as determined by immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled products. Substitutions of amino acids from 107 to 110 and from 116 to 119 resulted in mutant enzymes that retained substantial lauric acid hydroxylase activity suggesting that these residues are not critical determinants of substrate specificity. In contrast, amino acids 112-115 were characterized by strong decreases in activity in at least one mutation tested. A substitution of phenylalanine for valine 112 reduced activity about 3-fold. At position 113, substitution of leucine for isoleucine had little effect, but activity was reduced 15-fold by substitution with cysteine. A conservative mutation at position 114 reduced activity 5-fold, a nonconservative mutation at position 115 resulted in a 30-fold reduction of lauric acid hydroxylation. Substitution of glutamic acid for glycine at position 109 had little effect on activity, while more conservative substitutions of valine for glycines at positions 111 and 117 resulted in about 50- and 7-fold reductions of activity, respectively. Substitution of leucine for tryptophan 120 resulted in a 7-fold reduction of activity indicating that tryptophan at this position contributes to, but is not essential for, enzymatic activity in spite of its presence in nearly all eukaryotic cytochromes P450. The results are consistent with a model in which amino acids 112-114, and possibly 115, align with a loop of bacterial P450cam sequence containing substrate contacting amino acids, tyrosine 96 and phenylalanine 98. Glycines at either end of the loop in cytochrome P450 2C2 appear to be critical for activity.
Identification of a novel annexin in Hydra vulgaris. Characterization, cDNA cloning, and protein kinase C phosphorylation of annexin XII. (1992)

As a first step toward the elucidation of a simple animal model in which to investigate annexin function, we identified, isolated, and characterized a novel annexin from Hydra vulgaris, annexin XII. A hydra cDNA library was screened using a probe generated by polymerase chain reaction from primers based on the partial amino acid sequence of annexin XII. Annexin XII cDNA was cloned and the functional protein was expressed in high yields in Escherichia coli. The annexin XII cDNA sequence predicted a 316-amino acid protein that had between 44 and 54% sequence identity with the Ca2+-binding core domains of previously characterized vertebrate and Drosophila annexins. The amino-terminal domain of annexin XII did not have sequence similarity with other known annexins except at and around a site that resembled known protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation sites in other annexins. As anticipated from its sequence, annexin XII was a high affinity substrate for purified rat brain PKC; half-maximal phosphorylation occurred below 0.1 microM annexin XII, and incorporation of up to 0.8 mol of phosphate/mol of annexin XII was observed. A PKC-like activity in hydra extracts also phosphorylated annexin XII. In summary, hydra promises to be a valuable model system for investigating the biological function of annexins and for determining how this function is modulated by PKC phosphorylation.
Straw-based Portal Monitor <sup>3</sup>He replacement detector with expanded capabilities (2011)

Boron-coated straw (BCS) detectors can be easily and economically manufactured in large volumes, to replace <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He-based detector modules in Radiation Portal Monitors (RPMs). A neutron detector module (NDM) design based on BCS detectors is presented, maintaining the outer dimensions of the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He-based NDM in current installations. Multiple (up to 95) BCS detectors are distributed in an array, within a high-density polyethylene moderator block. Each BCS detector is 4.43 mm in diameter, 200 cm long, and individually sealed inside an aluminum tube just large enough to contain the thin walled straw. Straws are organized into 5 rows at different depths within the moderator. The response of five production NDM units to a neutron and gamma source are presented, together with environmental testing aimed to simulate operating conditions encountered in typical RPM applications. The mean neutron absolute efficiency measured at 2 m among 4 units was 3.55±0.06 cps/ng for a moderated <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">252</sup> Cf source, and 3.13±0.08 cps/ng for an unmoderated source. The mean gamma-ray efficiency measured was 1.2×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> for an exposure rate of 20 mR/hr, and 1.4×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> for 50 mR/hr. The background rate was 2.5 cps at sea level in Houston for all units. Environmental tests showed stable operation over the temperature range from -40°C to +49°C, and during an 18 hour soak at 40°C and 98% relative humidity. Advanced capabilities of the NDM include coincidence/multiplicity counting for characterization of spontaneous fission sources, and encoding of the location of neutron interactions along the depth of the NDM.
A Cu<sup>I</sup>‐Based Metallo‐Supramolecular Gel‐Like Material Built from a Library of Oligomeric Ligands Featuring Exotopic 1,10‐Phenanthroline Units (2015)

Abstract A 22‐membered cyclic alkene C 1 incorporating an exotopic 1,10‐phenanthroline nucleus in the ring skeleton has been synthesized and subjected to ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in dilute dichloromethane solution at varying monomer concentrations ( c mon ). The resultant libraries of macrocyclic oligomers were used as ligands for the generation of main‐chain metal–ligand oligomeric/polymeric complexes taking advantage of the strong affinity of 1,10‐phenanthroline derivatives for Cu I . The formation of a gel‐like material only upon addition of [Cu(CH 3 CN) 4 ]PF 6 to the most concentrated library ( c mon = 60 m M ) was explained as arising from the presence of significant amounts of trimeric and higher oligomeric macrocycles C i ( i ≥ 3), acting as cross‐linking components.