gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative comparison of DNA detection by GFP-lac repressor tagging, fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunostaining (2007)

Each of the tested methods revealed particular strengths and weaknesses, which should be considered when interpreting respective experimental results. Despite the required denaturation step, FISH signals in structurally preserved cells show a surprising similarity to signals generated before denaturation.
Abstract 2145: PSMA-specific anti-tumor activity of the targeted-tubulysin conjugate, EC1169. (2013)

Abstract Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a biomarker that is overexpressed on prostate cancer, and it's also present on the neovasculature within many non-prostate solid tumors. We previously reported on EC0652, a 99mTc-labeled small molecule that specifically binds to PSMA-positive tumors and is currently being clinically evaluated for diagnostic imaging applications. Herein, we report on the construction and biological testing of novel tubulysin B-containing, companion therapeutic agents for the treatment of PSMA-expressing cancer. One of these compounds, EC1169, recently emerged as a lead candidate for preclinical development. This water-soluble conjugate was shown to have high affinity for PSMA-positive cells. When tested in vitro, EC1169 was found to inhibit the growth of PSMA-positive cells, but it displayed no activity against PSMA-negative cells. Brief treatment of nude mice bearing PSMA-positive LNCaP human xenografts with EC1169 led to complete remissions in 5/7 mice, and cures (i.e. tumor free &gt;90 days post implantation) in 2/7 mice. Furthermore, this activity occurred in the absence of weight loss or major organ tissue degeneration. In contrast, the non-targeted tubulysin B drug proved to be inactive against the LNCaP tumor model when administered at doses near to or greater than the maximum tolerated level. PSMA-negative KB tumors did not appreciably respond to EC1169 therapy, thereby confirming this compound's targeted specificity for PSMA-expressing cells. Finally, treatment of LNCaP-bearing mice with docetaxel (the most active chemotherapeutic agent approved for prostate cancer), was found to produce only modest anti-tumor activity (2/4 partial responses, 1/4 cures), and this outcome was also associated with severe weight loss (18%). Taken together, these results strongly indicate that PSMA-positive tumors may be more effectively treated using highly potent, PSMA-targeted small-molecule drug conjugates using regimens that do not cause unwanted toxicity. Citation Format: Joseph A. Reddy, Alicia Bloomfield, Ryan Dorton, Melissa Nelson, Marilynn Vetzel, Spencer Hahn, Iontcho Vlahov, Christopher Leamon. PSMA-specific anti-tumor activity of the targeted-tubulysin conjugate, EC1169. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2145. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2145
Electric Power Distribution Reliability (2002)

Balancing theory, practical knowledge, and real-world applications, this reference consolidates all pertinent topics related to power distribution reliability into one comprehensive volume. Exploring pressing issues in creating and analyzing reliability models, the author highlights the most effective techniques to achieve maximum performance at lo
ReviewQA: a relational aspect-based opinion reading dataset (2018)

Deep reading models for question-answering have demonstrated promising performance over the last couple of years. However current systems tend to learn how to cleverly extract a span of the source document, based on its similarity with the question, instead of seeking for the appropriate answer. Indeed, a reading machine should be able to detect relevant passages in a document regarding a question, but more importantly, it should be able to reason over the important pieces of the document in order to produce an answer when it is required. To motivate this purpose, we present ReviewQA, a question-answering dataset based on hotel reviews. The questions of this dataset are linked to a set of relational understanding competencies that we expect a model to master. Indeed, each question comes with an associated type that characterizes the required competency. With this framework, it is possible to benchmark the main families of models and to get an overview of what are the strengths and the weaknesses of a given model on the set of tasks evaluated in this dataset. Our corpus contains more than 500.000 questions in natural language over 100.000 hotel reviews. Our setup is projective, the answer of a question does not need to be extracted from a document, like in most of the recent datasets, but selected among a set of candidates that contains all the possible answers to the questions of the dataset. Finally, we present several baselines over this dataset.
SHORT NOTICES (1970)

Journal Article SHORT NOTICES Get access The Pre-Raphaelite Imagination 1848–1900. By JOHN DIXON HUNT. Pp. xvi+262. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968. 50s. net. GEORGE R. THOMAS GEORGE R. THOMAS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XXI, Issue 84, 1970, Pages 530-b–531, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XXI.84.530-b Published: 01 October 1970
Trends and Prospects for Circular Ring Positron Cameras (1979)

This paper presents an overview of circular ring systems for transverse section tomography using annihilation photons from positron emitting radionuclides. In many respects the analysis is applicable to hexagonal moving systems, wobbling rings, and multiple section geometries. Some important aspects of physics and engineering are only superficially discussed because this paper is meant to serve as an introduction to special considerations such as sampling, wobbling, shielding, and data routing covered in detail in succeeding papers of this symposium. This presentation will outline the history of development, the concepts of geometry optimization, the problems of point spread function variance and anisotropy, detector selection and coupling, statistics, and reconstruction and data handling.
Analysis of Tetrahydro-β-carbolines and Their Precursors by Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Identification in Foodstuffs by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (1997)

Electron ionization (EI)-induced fragmentation was studied in 40 tetrahydro-β-carbolines, tryptamine and tryptophan derivatives. Tryptamine and tryptophan derivatives give the ion C9H8N+· (m/z 130) as the main fragment, accompanied by low-intensity molecular ions. Fragmentation in 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines is dominated by the retro-Diels–Alder rearrangement that provides the ion C10H9N+· (m/z 143). The fragmentation of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines is dominated both by the loss of a methyl radical and by the retro-Diels–Alder fragmentation to give C11H11N++ (m/z 157). These compounds also exhibits an abundant molecular ion. 1-Ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines lose the ethyl radical (M − CH2CH3) and also show an abundant M+·. N-Methoxycarbonyl and N-trifluoroacetyl volatile derivatives of tetrahydro-β-carbolines and their precursors allow the separation and identification of these compounds by GC/MS. 1,3-Disubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines give rise to two diastereoisomers (1S,3S) and (1R,3S) which are resolved by the GC/MS and provide similar mass spectra. The presence of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid in foodstuffs (beer and orange juice) was demonstrated by GC/MS of its N-methoxycarbonyl methyl ester derivative. It is suggested that diet could be a source of tetrahydro-β-carbolines in mammals. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Telephone Network as a Medium (1986)

The previous chapter made the distinction between the medium used to carry information and a channel, which is a logical path from sender to receiver through which the information is passed. A channel is implemented in one or more media. Probably the most important communications medium for computer communications is the telephone system.
Multi-scale multi-mechanism design of tough hydrogels: building dissipation into stretchy networks (2013)

As swollen polymer networks in water, hydrogels are usually brittle. However, hydrogels with high toughness play critical roles in many plant and animal tissues as well as in diverse engineering applications. Here we review the intrinsic mechanisms of a wide variety of tough hydrogels developed over the past few decades. We show that tough hydrogels generally possess mechanisms to dissipate substantial mechanical energy but still maintain high elasticity under deformation. The integrations and interactions of different mechanisms for dissipating energy and maintaining elasticity are essential to the design of tough hydrogels. A matrix that combines various mechanisms is constructed for the first time to guide the design of next-generation tough hydrogels. We further highlight that a particularly promising strategy for the design is to implement multiple mechanisms across multiple length scales into nano-, micro-, meso-, and macro-structures of hydrogels.
Augmentation of Antimetastatic Activity of Interferon and Tumor Necrosis Factor by Heparin (1990)

Interferon (IFN) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) suppress the development of experimental metastasis and when used together, TNF and IFN show synergistic activity. However, the use of TNF is limited by its ability to initiate inappropriate hemostasis. Hemostatic effects are exaggerated by the procoagulant activity of certain tumor cell lines. Therapy with anticoagulants are indicated to block the effects of tumor cell products as well as chemotherapeutic side effects. Heparin is a glycosaminoglycan with diverse biological activity, including the ability to rapidly accelerate the inactivation of active clotting factors. The present studies have explored the therapeutic effects of combining heparin with TNF or interferon on experimental metastasis in mice using a melanoma cell line (B16BL6). Our data indicate that continued heparinization augments the antitumor activity of both interferon and TNF. Alterations of the hemostatic and immune systems play a role in the producing the observed effect.
Photo-induced hydrophilicity and self-cleaning: models and reality (2012)

Self-cleaning coatings, with benefits to environment, energy and labor saving, have attracted great attention due to their potential application in many aspects of human's daily life. In this perspective article, the recent efforts to understand and improve photo-induced hydrophilicity and self-cleaning properties of TiO2 are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the fundamental aspects and mechanism of the photo-induced hydrophilicity effect. The challenges that need to be addressed over the coming years to improve the efficiency and extend the application are also presented.
Ink-jet printing of pharmaceuticals (2012)

Traditional tablet manufacturing process has multiple powder handling and mixing phases. It is time consuming and limits individualized dosing. Furthermore, uniformity of the dose is difficult to achieve. Modern ink-jet printing technology has been successfully applied to polymer electronics and biomaterial applications. It has many advantages that could be utilized in drug manufacturing process, such as faster production cycle with fewer processing steps, precise dosing, on-demand individualized dosing and possibility for on-line quality control. This study examines how well current printer technologies function in printing different types of drug solutions on paper-like substrate. Preliminary tests were carried out with paracetamol and riboflavin-water solutions. The study denoted that printing medicines and bio-polymer coating was possible, the accuracy of dose was very satisfying and personalized dosing was easy to achieve. Further studies with specially manufactured printers are still needed to determine the suitability of the ink-jet printing process in commercial drug manufacturing.
High Melting Precision Sulfone Polyethylenes Synthesized by ADMET Chemistry (2016)

A series of aliphatic polysulfones is synthesized via ADMET polymerization in which a sulfone group is located precisely after every 8th, 14th, and 20th carbon. Primary structural characterization is accomplished using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR. Polymer morphology is studied by DSC and X-ray scattering, which reveals layered morphologies comprised of polyethylene crystallites along with sulfone groups arranged in sheets. In contrast to other precision polymers with functional groups synthesized by ADMET, this morphology is found at all spacer lengths. Prior to hydrogenation the sulfone polymers show Tm decreasing with increasing sulfone concentration, a typical phenomenon attributed to the mix of cis and trans configurations producing defects in the crystals. However, following hydrogenation, the melting temperature increases as the sulfone group concentration increased rather than decreased, with the highest Tm being 175 °C. This is an increase of 45 °C relative to linear polyethylene synthesized via ADMET chemistry. The precise location of the sulfone groups, which are not tactic, within these polyethylenes increases crystallinity, promotes secondary bonding and increases Tm.
Genetic identification of microcystin ecotypes in toxic cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix (2005)

Microcystins (MCs) are toxic heptapeptides which are synthesized by the filamentous cyanobacterium Planktothrix and other genera via non-ribosomal peptide synthesis. MCs share the common structure cyclo(-D-ala1-L-X2-D-erythro-beta-iso-aspartic acid3-L-Z4-adda5-D-Glu6-N-methyl-dehydroalanine7) [Adda; (2S, 3S, 8S, 9S)-3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid], in which numerous MC variants have been reported. In general, the variation in structure is due to different amino acid residues in positions 7, 2 and 4 within the MC molecule, which are thought to be activated by the adenylation domains mcyAAd1, mcyBAd1 and mcyCAd, respectively. It was the aim of the study (i) to identify MC ecotypes that differed in the production of specific MC variants and (ii) to correlate the genetic variation within adenylation domains with the observed MC variants among 17 Planktothrix strains. Comparison of the sequences of mcyAAd1 revealed two distinctive Ad-genotypes differing in base pair composition and the insertion of an N-methyl transferase (NMT) domain. The mcyAAd1 genotype with NMT (2854 bp) correlated with N-methyl-dehydroalanine and the mcyAAd1 genotype without NMT (1692 bp) correlated with dehydrobutyrine in position 7. Within mcyBAd1, a lower genetic variation (0-4 %) and an exclusive correlation between one Ad-genotype and homotyrosine as well as another Ad-genotype and arginine in position 2 was found. The sequences of mcyCAd were found to be highly similar (0-1 % dissimilarity) and all strains contained arginine in position 4. The results on adenylation domain polymorphism do provide insights into the evolutionary origin of adenylation domains in Planktothrix and may be combined with ecological research in order to provide clues about the abundance of genetically defined MC ecotypes in nature.
Disproportionation of chlorous acid. II. Kinetics (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDisproportionation of chlorous acid. II. KineticsRobert G. Kieffer and Gilbert GordonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1968, 7, 2, 239–244Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50060a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50060a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
C-nucleoside studies. Part 17. The synthesis of 3(5)-carbamoyl-5(3)-β-<scp>D</scp>ribofuranosylpyrazole (4-deoxypyrazofurin) and 4-amino-3(5)-carbamoyl-5(3)-β-<scp>D</scp>-ribofuranosylpyrazole (1984)

4-Amino-3(5)-cyano-5(3)-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazole (10) was converted into the diazopyrazole (11) by treatment with nitrous acid. On photolysis in aqueous dioxane using visible light compound (11) gave 3(5)-cyano–5(3)-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazole (12)[48% from (10)] which formed the corresponding amide (13)(75%) with alkaline hydrogen peroxide. Deprotection of compound (13) with methanolic ammonia afforded 3(5)-carbamoyl-5(3)-β-D-ribofuranosylpyrazole (4)(74%), the 4-deoxy analogue of pyrazofurin (3).3(5)-Cyano-4-nitro-5(3)-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazole (1) reacted with dihydropyran and toluene-p-sulphonic acid to give the N-tetrahydropyranyl derivative (21)(66.5%). Hydrolysis of the nitrile group of compound (21), using alkaline hydrogen peroxide, afforded the amide (22)(71%) which was deprotected to give 3(5)-carbamoyl-4-nitro-5(3)-β-D-ribofuranosylpyrazole (23)(83%). Catalytic reduction of compound (23) gave 4-amino-3(5)-carbamoyl-5(3)-β-D-ribofuranosylpyrazole (5)(83%) which could be converted into formycin B (24)(69%).
Mechanisms of Interleukin-2-Induced Hydrothoraxy in Mice (1994)

Interleukin (IL)-2 is known to induce vascular leak syndrome (VLS), which was suggested to be mediated by immune system-derived cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF). To characterize the role of TNF in IL-2 toxicity in C3H/HeN mice, we used two approaches to downregulate TNF production in vivo: treatment with dexamethasone (DEX) and induction of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) (LPS) tolerance by a 4-day pretreatment with LPS (35 micrograms/mouse/day). Mice were then treated with IL-2 for 5 days (1.8 x 10(5) IU/mouse, twice daily). Both DEX and LPS tolerance blocked development of hydrothorax in IL-2-treated mice and inhibited TNF induction. DEX and LPS tolerance also ameliorated IL-2 toxicity in terms of decrease in food intake and inhibited the increase of the acute-phase protein, serum amyloid A (SAA). The IL-2 activation of splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity was also diminished by DEX and, to a lesser extent, by LPS-tolerance. Treatment with IL-2 also caused induction of the superoxide-generating enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) in tissues and serum and induced bacterial translocation in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). These data suggest that multiple mechanisms, including NK cell activity, cytokines, and reactive oxygen intermediates, might be important in the vascular toxicity of IL-2.
Crystal Structure of the Antiarthritic Drug Gold Thiomalate (Myochrysine):  A Double-Helical Geometry in the Solid State (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCrystal Structure of the Antiarthritic Drug Gold Thiomalate (Myochrysine): A Double-Helical Geometry in the Solid StateRobert BauView Author Information Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles, California 90089 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 36, 9380–9381Publication Date (Web):August 28, 1998Publication History Received8 June 1998Published online28 August 1998Published inissue 1 September 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9819763https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9819763rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1387Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Crystals,Gold,Ligands,Sodium Get e-Alerts
SSCMSD - Single-Symbol Correction Multi-symbol Detection for DRAM Subsystem (2018)

As DRAM technology continues to evolve towards smaller feature sizes and increased densities, faults in DRAM subsystem are becoming more severe. Current servers mostly use CHIPKILL based schemes to tolerate up-to one/two symbol errors per DRAM beat. Multi-symbol errors arising due to faults in multiple data buses and chips may not be detected by these schemes. In this paper, we introduce Single Symbol Correction Multiple Symbol Detection (SSCMSD) - a novel error handling scheme to correct single-symbol errors and detect multi-symbol ones. Here, we use a hash in combination with ECC to avoid silent data corruptions (SDCs). We employ 32-bit Spookyhash along with Reed-Solomon code to implement SSCMSD for a ×4 based DDRx system. Our simulations show that the proposed scheme effectively prevents SDCs in the presence of multiple symbol errors. For this design, we need 19 chips per rank (storage overhead of 18.75 percent), 76 data bus-lines and additional hash-logic at the memory controller.
Coordinate regulation of adenylate cyclase and carbohydrate permeases by the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system in Salmonella typhimurium. (1975)

Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) and several carbohydrate permeases are inhibited by D-glucose and other substrates of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. These activities are coordinately altered by sugar substrates of the phosphotransferase system in a variety of bacterial strains which contain differing cellular levels of the protein components of the phosphotransferase system: Enzyme I, a small heat-stable protein, and Enzyme II. It is suggested that the activities of adenylate cyclase and the permease proteins are subject to allosteric regulation and that the allosteric effector is a regulatory protein which can be phosphorylated by the phosphotransferase system.