gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial Liftoff Technology onto Processed Silicon Foundry Wafers (1993)

Technical Objectives: Research the application of liftoff transfer of epitaxial material to foreign substrates including: surface chemistry, electrical, mechanical, thermal and optical properties of Van der Waals bonded materials; III-V devices bonded to silicon circuitry and to other substrates with enhanced optical, electrical or thermal properties; integrated optical devices incorporating lifted-off material and/or devices with LiNbO$ sub 3$, glass or other substrates. Approach: This effort addresses the need for new technologies which can fully utilize the performance advantages of III-V (GaAs, InGaAs, InGaAsP, and InP) materials for electronic and opto-electronic applications. Specifically, the program is directed at demonstrating the potential of epitaxial liftoff as a technology to enable the realization of 'monolithic' optoelectronic devices with the characteristics of epitaxial material. That is, by transfer of epitaxial material to foreign substrates in a form that permits material processing and device fabrication to proceed as though the epitaxial material were grown directly on the substrate.
Image merging and data fusion by means of the discrete two-dimensional wavelet transform (1995)

A new technique is developed for the merging and data fusion of two images. Two spatially registered images with differing spatial resolutions and color content are merged by combining multiresolution wavelet-decomposition components from each and then reconstructing the merged image by means of the inverse wavelet transform. The wavelet merger can employ a variety of wavelet bases, but in presentation of the concept, simple orthonormal sets—Haar and Daubechies wavelets—are explored. The wavelet technique is compared with the intensity–hue–saturation merging technique by means of multispectral and panchromatic test images. The results of the comparison show the wavelet merger performing better in combining and preserving spectral–spatial information for the test images.
Analysis and meta-analysis of two serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in bipolar and unipolar affective disorders (1998)

The serotonin transporter is a compelling candidate gene to examine in bipolar and unipolar affective disorder, since drugs that specifically inhibit the serotonin transporter can successfully treat depression. Previous association studies of a VNTR polymorphism in intron 2 and a functional insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter of this gene have produced conflicting results. The present study examined allele and genotype frequencies for both of these polymorphisms and resulting haplotypes in 87 English Caucasian bipolar patients, 125 English Caucasian unipolar affective disorder patients, and 174 controls. No significant associations were detected when these unipolar or bipolar cases were compared either separately or as a pooled "affective disorder" group to the controls. A meta-analysis of over 1,400 individuals of European Caucasian origin was then performed, comprising 772 controls, 375 bipolar and 299 unipolar patients for the VNTR polymorphism, and 739 controls, 392 bipolar and 275 unipolar patients for the promoter polymorphism. A significant association of promoter allele 2 was shown with bipolar (estimated odds ratio 1.21; 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.45), unipolar (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.01-1.42), and combined bipolar + unipolar groups (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.04-1.42). There was no demonstrable allelic association of the VNTR polymorphism with affective disorder: for the combined bipolar + unipolar group the odds ratios for VNTR alleles 9 and 10, compared with the common allele 12 were 1.05 (95% CI 0.56-1.95) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.77-1.05). These results suggest that the promoter allele 2, which has previously been shown to result in lower levels of serotonin transporter transcription, may be associated with affective disorder risk.
Applications of predictive maintenance techniques in industrial systems (2011)

Prognostic methods represent a new methodology for system maintenance which offers significant time and cost savings. The paper offers a short overview of the available prognosis techniques and proposes the implementation of one model-based and one data-driven method. As a representative of the model-based methods the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) modeling approach is chosen. The estimated model parameters are further used for implementing the early change detector which is realized as a Neyman-Pearson hypothesis test. On the other hand, hidden Markov model (HMM) based prognosis illustrates the use of data-driven techniques. Using the cross-correlation input-output functions, HMM prognosis algorithm is proposed, as a suitable way of timely detection. Both techniques were implemented to detect performance changes of the water level sensor in a steam separator system in thermal power plants.
Disseminated Tumor Cells Persist in the Bone Marrow of Breast Cancer Patients through Sustained Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (2015)

Disseminated tumor cells (DTC), which share mesenchymal and epithelial properties, are considered to be metastasis-initiating cells in breast cancer. However, the mechanisms supporting DTC survival are poorly understood. DTC extravasation into the bone marrow may be encouraged by low oxygen concentrations that trigger metabolic and molecular alterations contributing to DTC survival. Here, we investigated how the unfolded protein response (UPR), an important cytoprotective program induced by hypoxia, affects the behavior of stressed cancer cells. DTC cell lines established from the bone marrow of patients with breast cancer (BC-M1), lung cancer, (LC-M1), and prostate cancer (PC-E1) were subjected to hypoxic and hypoglycemic conditions. BC-M1 and LC-M1 exhibiting mesenchymal and epithelial properties adapted readily to hypoxia and glucose starvation. Upregulation of UPR proteins, such as the glucose-regulated protein Grp78, induced the formation of filamentous networks, resulting in proliferative advantages and sustained survival under total glucose deprivation. High Grp78 expression correlated with mesenchymal attributes of breast and lung cancer cells and with poor differentiation in clinical samples of primary breast and lung carcinomas. In DTCs isolated from bone marrow specimens from breast cancer patients, Grp78-positive stress granules were observed, consistent with the likelihood these cells were exposed to acute cell stress. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence that the UPR is activated in DTC in the bone marrow from cancer patients, warranting further study of this cell stress pathway as a predictive biomarker for recurrent metastatic disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Syntheses of Methyl (14E)‐ and (14Z)‐Dehydrocrepenynate: Key Intermediates in Plant and Fungal Polyacetylene Biosynthesis. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Immature spinal cord neurons are dynamic regulators of adult nociceptive sensitivity (2015)

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition with unknown mechanism. Nociceptive sensitivity may be regulated by genetic factors, some of which have been separately linked to neuronal progenitor cells and neuronal differentiation. This suggests that genetic factors that interfere with neuronal differentiation may contribute to a chronic increase in nociceptive sensitivity, by extending the immature, hyperexcitable stage of spinal cord neurons. Although adult rodent spinal cord neurogenesis was previously demonstrated, the fate of these progenitor cells is unknown. Here, we show that peripheral nerve injury in adult rats induces extensive spinal cord neurogenesis and a long-term increase in the number of spinal cord laminae I-II neurons ipsilateral to injury. The production and maturation of these new neurons correlates with the time course and modulation of nociceptive behaviour, and transiently mimics the cellular and behavioural conditions present in genetically modified animal models of chronic pain. This suggests that the number of immature neurons present at any time in the spinal cord dorsal horns contributes to the regulation of nociceptive sensitivity. The continuous turnover of these neurons, which can fluctuate between normal and injured states, is a dynamic regulator of nociceptive sensitivity. In support of this hypothesis, we find that promoters of neuronal differentiation inhibit, while promoters of neurogenesis increase long-term nociception. TrkB agonists, well-known promoters of nociception in the short-term, significantly inhibit long-term nociception by promoting the differentiation of newly produced immature neurons. These findings suggest that promoters of neuronal differentiation may be used to alleviate chronic pain.
Reactive microgels by the self‐emulsifying copolymerization of unsaturated polyester resins with acrylic and methacrylic esters (1983)

Abstract The self‐emulsifying copolymerization of unsaturated polyesters (UP) with various acrylic and methacrylic esters was studied. The structure of comonomers significantly influences the character of microgels obtained. Among these monomers the copolymerization of UP with methyl methacrylate (MMA) was investigated in detail in order to make clear the behavior of this polymerization as compared with that of styrene. The water/monomer and UP/MMA ratios were found to be the most important factors controlling the molecular weight and solution viscosity of the microgels. The relationship between M̄ w and intrinsic viscosity of microgels suggests that the microgels from MMA have less compact structure than those from styrene.
Tendencies of aromatization in steam cracking of hydrocarbons (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTendencies of aromatization in steam cracking of hydrocarbonsFrank Dieter Kopinke, Gerhard Zimmermann, and Bernd OndruschkaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1987, 26, 11, 2393–2397Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00071a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00071a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combination therapy of recurrent prostate cancer with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib plus hormone blockade (2011)

A single arm phase II trial of single-agent bortezomib (BZM) alone or combined with hormone blockade was conducted in patients with early PSA recurrence after definitive local therapy. The primary endpoint of this study was to determine the time to PSA relapse after BZM therapy alone or when BZM was combined with hormone blockade. The secondary endpoint was to determine the safety of combination therapy. Part A of the treatment schedule consisted of three cycles of BZM 1.3 mg/m2 IV given on days 1,4,8,11. If patients progressed on Part A, they were entered on Part B which consisted of a single dose of LH-RH antagonist, daily oral antiandrogen, and weekly BZM 1.3 mg/m2 for three out of four weeks for a total of three months. BZM treatment significantly decreased the slope of the log PSA (p=0.024) demonstrating that this agent alone was capable of slowing the rise of the PSA. Of eight patients treated with BZM alone five had stable disease, two progressed and 1 went off study secondary to toxicity. The major toxicity was neurotoxicity requiring discontinuation of therapy in three patients and treatment interruption in nine patients. Of those receiving Parts A and B or B only, there were 11 of 15 CRs with the average time to progression of 5.5 months. BZM treatment can change the slope of PSA rise and can be combined with hormone deprivation therapy without significant additional side effects; these agents are associated with a median time to CR of 42 days.
Incoherent photonic digital-to-analogue converter based on broadband optical source (2007)

An incoherent photonic digital-to-analogue converter employing a broadband optical source is proposed. A 2-bit converter at a conversion rate of 4Gsample/s experimentally demonstrates the feasibility of this method.
Generation and Characterization of a Rat Monoclonal Antibody Specific for PCNA (2008)

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a homotrimeric ring-shaped protein that encircles the DNA and acts as a stationary loading platform for multiple, transiently interacting partners participating in various DNA transactions. This essential cellular component, originally characterized as a nuclear antigen of dividing cells, is evolutionary highly conserved from yeast to human. Within the eukaryotic cell, PCNA serves as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase delta and plays a key role in DNA replication, repair, cell cycle regulation, and post-replicative transactions like DNA methylation and chromatin remodelling. All these cellular processes are regulated by a complex network comprising cell cycle dependent changes in expression levels, dynamics, interactions, and localization of PCNA. Here we report the generation and characterization of the first rat monoclonal antibody (MAb) against human PCNA, designated as PCNA 16D10. We demonstrated that PCNA 16D10 MAb has high affinity and specificity and is suited for ELISA, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. The characteristic punctate staining of S phase cells allows the identification of proliferating cells and the monitoring of cell cycle progression.
Sequential deletions in both arms of chromosome 9 are associated with the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Indian patients. (2003)

In the deletion mapping of chromosome (chr) 9 in head and neck lesions of the Indian patient population by microsatellite markers, we have identified four discrete areas (D1-D4) with high loss of heterozygosities (LOHs) viz. 9p24-p23 (D1), 9p22-p21 (D2), 9q11-q13 (D3) and 9q22.3 (D4) regions. The deletions in D2 and D4 regions were suggested to be essential for the development of dysplastic lesions of head and neck, whereas the deletions in D1 and D3 regions were responsible for progression of the dysplastic lesions to early invasive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The microsatellite size alterations (MAs) were observed in the chromosomal 9pter-p23, 9p22-p21(D2), 9q13 and 9q21.1-q21.2 regions with gradual increase during progression of the tumor. Additional chromosomal alterations like loss of normal copy of chr.9 and biallelic alterations were also seen in our samples. There is a correlation between HPV infection with TNM stages, histopathological grades and LOHs at D1 and D4 regions. Whereas tobacco habit is associated with the occurrence of LOHs at D1 and LOHs / MAs at D2 region.
A System for Wireless Power Transfer of Micro-Systems In-Vivo Implantable in Freely Moving Animals (2013)

A system for wireless power transfer of micro-systems in-vivo implantable in small animals is presented. The described solution uses a servo-controlled transmitter moved under the animal moving space. The solution minimizes the power irradiation while enabling animal speeds up to 30 cm/s. An x-y movable magnetic coil transmits the required power with a level able to keep constant the received energy. A permanent magnet on board of the implantable micro-system and an array of magnetic sensors form a coil tracking system capable of an alignment accuracy as good as 1 cm. The power is transferred over the optimized remote powering link at 13.56 MHz. The received ac signal is converted to dc voltage with a passive full-wave integrated rectifier and the voltage regulator supplies 1.8 V for the implantable sensor system. Experimental measurement on a complete prototype verifies the system performance.
Increased Expression of Activity-Dependent Genes in Cerebellar Glutamatergic Neurons of Patients With Schizophrenia (2006)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional state of glutamatergic neurons in the cerebellar cortex of patients with schizophrenia. Method: The authors measured messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of three activity-dependent genes expressed by glutamatergic neurons in the cerebellar cortex (GAP-43, BDNF, and GABA A -δ subunit) in the tissues of 14 patients with schizophrenia and 14 matched nonpsychiatric comparison subjects. Since its level of expression does not change in response to neuronal activity, gamma-aminobutyric acid A -α6 subunit mRNA was used as a control. Results: The levels of GAP-43 and BDNF mRNAs were significantly elevated in patients with schizophrenia, and a similar finding was observed for GABA A -δ mRNA. In contrast, the levels of the GABA A −α6 subunit mRNA, which is expressed in cerebellar granule cells in an activity-independent manner, did not differ from comparison subjects. Conclusions: These results suggest that glutamatergic neurons may be hyperactive in the cerebellar cortices of patients with schizophrenia.
Reservoir Characterization Methodology to Identify Reserve Growth Potential (1998)

Abstract The information available for characterizing a reservoir is insufficient to develop a unique model. However, by applying the proper reservoir characterization methodology, a model can be constructed that optimizes and integrates all the data and thus facilitates the identification of reserve growth potential. This methodology contains four steps:determining reservoir architecture,establishing fluid-flow trends,constructing reservoir model, andidentifying reserve growth potential. The key to determining reservoir architecture is the application of genetic sequence stratigraphy. The reservoir architecture is determined by ascertaining the internal reservoir stratigraphy, defining the stratigraphic unit geometries, interpreting the distribution of depositional environments, and combining stratigraphy with structural character. Establishing fluid-flow trends should be accomplished within the context of the stratigraphy. This step includes determining the initial fluid and rock-fluid properties, generating a production-time-series analysis, analyzing any variation in fluid chemistry, assessing well test data, and determining the direction of injected fluids. The third and pivotal step of constructing a reservoir model by integrating reservoir architecture and fluid-flow trends has four steps. It begins with designing geologically based petrophysical models, then concurrently identifying the correspondence between reservoir architecture and fluid-flow trends, then establishing the reservoir model flow unit and compartment components. Next, the petrophysical properties are distributed spatially and the hydrocarbons in place are calculated. The final step is identifying reserve growth potential. It is accomplished by calculating reserves, delineating the remaining hydrocarbon resource, generating reserve growth concepts, and targeting reserve growth opportunities. P. 473
Maskless lithography using silicon oxide etch-stop layer induced by megahertz repetition femtosecond laser pulses (2011)

In this study we report a new method for maskless lithography fabrication process by a combination of direct silicon oxide etch-stop layer patterning and wet alkaline etching. A thin layer of etch-stop silicon oxide of predetermined pattern was first generated by irradiation with high repetition (MHz) ultrafast (femtosecond) laser pulses in air and at atmospheric pressure. The induced thin layer of silicon oxide is used as an etch stop during etching process in alkaline etchants such as KOH. Our proposed method has the potential to enable low-cost, flexible, high quality patterning for a wide variety of application in the field of micro- and nanotechnology, this technique can be leading to a promising solution for maskless lithography technique. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), optical microscopy, Micro-Raman, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to analyze the silicon oxide layer induced by laser pulses.
Human Emotion Recognition: Review of Sensors and Methods (2020)

Automated emotion recognition (AEE) is an important issue in various fields of activities which use human emotional reactions as a signal for marketing, technical equipment, or human-robot interaction. This paper analyzes scientific research and technical papers for sensor use analysis, among various methods implemented or researched. This paper covers a few classes of sensors, using contactless methods as well as contact and skin-penetrating electrodes for human emotion detection and the measurement of their intensity. The results of the analysis performed in this paper present applicable methods for each type of emotion and their intensity and propose their classification. The classification of emotion sensors is presented to reveal area of application and expected outcomes from each method, as well as their limitations. This paper should be relevant for researchers using human emotion evaluation and analysis, when there is a need to choose a proper method for their purposes or to find alternative decisions. Based on the analyzed human emotion recognition sensors and methods, we developed some practical applications for humanizing the Internet of Things (IoT) and affective computing systems.
Extrinsic photoluminescence from GaAs quantum wells (1982)

Extrinsic photoluminescence has been observed from a number of undoped GaAs- ${\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ As multiquantum-well samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy. For quantum wells of width ${L}_{z}\ensuremath{\lesssim}300$ \AA{} this luminescence is typically only a few percent of the intrinsic luminescence and it decreases with decreasing ${L}_{z}$. Single quantum-well samples doped with [Be]\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ are found to exhibit extrinsic and intrinsic luninescence comparable in intensity. This extrinsic luminescence is believed due to the recombination of $n=1$ electrons with neutral acceptors in the quantum wells, carbon in the case of the undoped material. Estimates of the binding energy of the neutral acceptors $E({A}^{0})$ from the measured free heavy-hole exciton energy gap of the quantum wells, the heavy-hole exciton binding energy, and the energy of the peak of the extrinsic photoluminescence, show that $E({A}^{0})$ increases with decreasing ${L}_{z}$. These results on $E({A}^{0})$ are compared with the recent theoretical results of Bastard on the binding energy of hydrogenic acceptors as a function of ${L}_{z}$ and position in the well. Other data on the extrinsic photoluminescence of single and multiquantum samples are also presented.