gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NAT traversal for LISP mobile node (2010)

The Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) is currently being developed and standardized in the IETF aiming to solve the Internet's routing scaling problem. It separates global routing in the Internet from local routing in end-user networks (so-called LISP-domains). It also provides additional benefits like simplified multihoming or the avoidance of network renumbering. The basic LISP architecture does not support mobility. Recently, the mobility extension LISP Mobile Node (LISP-MN) was presented. It describes a mechanism that enables LISP mobile nodes to roam into LISP and non-LISP networks while being reachable under the same identifier address. Currently, LISP-MN does not support networks that use network address translation (NAT). In this paper, we present a NAT traversal mechanism for LISP mobile nodes and a slight adaptation which is also applicable to stationary LISP domains behind a NAT.
Early Atherosclerosis Exhibits an Enhanced Procoagulant State (2010)

This study shows an enhanced procoagulant state of early-stage atherosclerotic plaques compared with advanced-stage plaques, which may provide novel insights into the role of coagulation during atherosclerotic plaque progression.
Cationic Organotin Clusters for Highly Efficient Alcohol Acetylation Catalysts (2000)

The effectiveness of cationic species for increasing the catalytic activity of organotin Lewis acids has been assessed by comparing two types of cationic organotin clusters, [Bu2Sn(OH)(H2O)]22+2OTf- and [(BuSn)12O14(OH)6]2+Cl-2·2H2O, with neutral clusters in alcohol acetylation. The Sn2 dication is extremely active, with a catalyst concentration of 0.001 mol %, sufficient to give a quantitative yield. The Sn12 dication is slightly less active but gives high levels of chemoselectivity and primary/secondary alcohols selection. The neutral clusters are less effective catalysts. A variety of synthetic applications are feasible by changing the Lewis acidity of the catalysts.
Novel Group V Phospholipase A2 Involved in Arachidonic Acid Mobilization in Murine P388D1 Macrophages (1996)

Four related genes encode four different secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) enzymes in mammals, namely the well described Group I and IIA enzymes and the more recently described Groups IIC and V. A large body of research has putatively demonstrated that the Group IIA sPLA2 is involved in diverse pathologic processes, such as rheumatoid arthritis, septic shock, intestinal neoplasia, and epidermal hyperplasia, as well as in cellular signaling by regulating the formation of arachidonate-derived lipid messengers. However, we demonstrate herein the involvement of another sPLA2, i.e. the Group V sPLA2, in arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin production in the mouse macrophage-like cell line P388D1. Abundant message for Group V sPLA2 was detected in both resting and activated cells. In contrast, Group IIA sPLA2 message was undetectable as analyzed by Northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, blockage of Group V sPLA2 gene expression by antisense RNA oligonucleotides resulted in inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production as well as reduction of the amount of sPLA2 protein at the cellular surface. Collectively, these results uncover Group V sPLA2 as a novel effector involved in arachidonic acid-mediated signal transduction.
Enhanced Epimerization of Glycosylated Amino Acids During Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (2012)

Glycopeptides are extremely useful for basic research and clinical applications, but access to structurally defined glycopeptides is limited by the difficulties in synthesizing this class of compounds. In this study, we demonstrate that many common peptide coupling conditions used to prepare O-linked glycopeptides result in substantial amounts of epimerization at the α position. In fact, epimerization resulted in up to 80% of the non-natural epimer, indicating that it can be the major product in some reactions. Through a series of mechanistic studies, we demonstrate that the enhanced epimerization relative to nonglycosylated amino acids is due to a combination of factors, including a faster rate of epimerization, an energetic preference for the unnatural epimer over the natural epimer, and a slower overall rate of peptide coupling. In addition, we demonstrate that use of 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine (TMP) as the base in peptide couplings produces glycopeptides with high efficiency and low epimerization. The information and improved reaction conditions will facilitate the preparation of glycopeptides as therapeutic compounds and vaccine antigens.
Polycations. IX. Polyammonium derivatives of cyclodextrins: syntheses and binding to organic oxyanions (2000)

A series of polycationic derivatives of α- and β-cyclodextrin have been synthesized. Their interactions for inclusive binding of series of organic phosphorus oxyanions and anions of biological α-amino acids have been investigated using NMR techniques. Determinations of association constants and orientation of guest anion binding to the host polycationic cyclodextrin derivatives have been performed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 11:546–555, 2000
Im stehenden Licht: 2668 (1996)

The spodium-π bonding between MX<sub>2</sub> (M = Zn, Cd, and Hg; X = Cl, Br, and I) acting as a Lewis acid, and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> acting as a Lewis base was studied by ab initio calculations. Two types of structures of cross (<b>T</b>) and parallel (<b>P</b>) forms are obtained. For the <b>T</b> form, the X-M-X axis adopts a cross configuration with the molecular axis of C≡C or C=C, but both of them are parallel in the <b>P</b> form. NCI, AIM, and electron density shifts analyses further, indicating that the spodium-π bonding exists in the binary complexes. Spodium-π bonding exhibits a partially covalent nature characterized with a negative energy density and large interaction energy. With the increase of electronegativity of the substituents on the Lewis acid or its decrease in the Lewis base, the interaction energies increase and vice versa. The spodium-π interaction is dominated by electrostatic interaction in most complexes, whereas dispersion and electrostatic energies are responsible for the stability of the MX<sub>2</sub>⋯C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub> complexes. The spodium-π bonding further complements the concept of the spodium bond and provides a wider range of research on the adjustment of the strength of spodium bond.
The Properties of Phase Modulated Soliton Trains (1973)

Using nonlinear LC networks which are equivalent to a one dimensional nonlinear lattice, the solitariness and the recurrence phenomena are experimentally investigated for a pair of soliton trains of which the phases are independently modulated. Using a phase modulation system, up to 30% modulation is obtained. This modulation ratio is about 3 time larger than that for an amplitude modulation system.
a‐Si TFT integrated gate driver using multi‐thread driving (2006)

Abstract A novel a‐Si TFT integrated gate driver circuit using multi‐thread driving has been developed. The circuit consists of two independent shift registers alternating between the two modes, “wake” and “sleep”. The degradation of the circuit is retarded because the bias stress is removed during the sleep mode. It has been successfully integrated in 14.1‐in. XGA LCD Panel, showing enhanced stability.
Chemical Properties of the Polysaccharides Associated with Acid Protease of Aspergillus oryzae Grown on Solid Bran Media (1977)

The chemical and physical properties of the carbohydrate moiety of acid protease A1 [EC 2.4.23.6], one of the two acid proteases produced by Aspergilius oryzae grown on solid branmedia, have been studied. The enzyme was separated into two active components (A1a and A1b) by isoelectric focusing; both contained approximately 50 % carbohydrate. The carbohydrate portion of the major component A1a was composed of galactose, glucose, and mannose, but the minor component A1b contained glucose as the predominant carbohydrate, with smaller amounts of galactose, fructose, xylose and mannose. The absence of a covalent linkage between the polysaccharide and the protein in acid protease A1 was indicated, although these two moieties were tightly associated with each other. This conclusion was based on the following observations: (a) the polysaccharides obtained after proteolytic digestion contained no detectable amino acids; (b) no hexosamines were detected in acid protease A1; (c) the polysaccharides were not separable from the protein by a variety of procedures, including treatment with cold 15% trichloroacetic acid, 8 M urea, 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, and 0.1 N NaOH (at 25°C for 18 h). However, when treated with 50% acetic acid at 37°C for 48 h, the polysaccharides were completely dissociated from the protein; and (d) of several glycoproteins tested, containing an N-glycosyl or 0-glycosyl linkage between the protein and carbohydrate moieties, none liberated carbohydrate residues upon treatment with 50% acetic acid.
Preparation and physical properties of rubber‐modified epoxy resin using poly(urethane acrylate)/poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylonitrile) core‐shell composite particles (1997)

Poly(urethane acrylate)/poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-acrylonitrile) core-shell composite particles were prepared using two-stage emulsion polymerization. Composite particle sizes were varied from 48 to 200 nm by introducing polyoxyethylene groups into the urethane acrylate molecules. The morphology of the two-stage composite latex was inferred using surface energy measurements and titration of the emulsion. In the two-stage latex, which was prepared using relatively small core particles (about 40 nm), an inverted core-shell morphology was obtained. It was believed that the high polarity of the core surface and the low stage ratio of core to shell made the core-shell morphology more unstable thermodynamically. When the core of the two-stage latex was more crosslinked, the morphology was perfectly prevented from inverting because a higher kinetic barrier between the core-shell and inverted core-shell structures was achieved. The impact strength of the modified epoxy resin increased with the decrease of composite particle sizes and the increase of the shell thickness. In particular, when the average size of the composite particle was 50 nm and the stage ratio was 70/30, the impact strength of the modified epoxy resin increased more than 20 times compared to that of pure epoxy resin. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 63: 1589–1600, 1997
A mechanism for efficient context switching (2002)

Context switches are slow in conventional processors because the entire processor state must be saved and restored, even if much of the restored state is not used before the next context switch. This unnecessary data movement is required because of the coarse granularity of binding between names and registers. The context cache is introduced, which binds variable names to individual registers. This allows context switches to be very inexpensive, since registers are only loaded and saved out as needed. Analysis shows that the context cache holds more live data than a multithreaded register file, and supports more tasks without spilling to memory. Circuit simulations show that the access time of a context cache is 7% greater than a conventional register file of the same size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compositional disordering of GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells using ion bombardment at elevated temperatures (1988)

A new method has been developed for compositional mixing of heterostructures by ion bombardment at elevated temperatures. Complete mixing of a 1-μm-thick GaAs/AlGaAs 40-period multiple quantum well layer has been achieved by bombardment with 380 keV Ne+ ions for 1 h with the sample at 700 °C. This temperature is much lower than the annealing temperatures used in other vacancy-enhanced disordering techniques, and even lower temperatures and shorter durations should be possible. Compositional disordering is verified by sputter-profile Auger electron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Complete mixing is also demonstrated by optical transmission spectra of the disordered material, which exhibit the same band edge as a uniform alloy with the average aluminum mole fraction of the multiple quantum well layer.
NEW POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL POLYMERS AS KETAL PROTECTING GROUPS – A POLYMER SUPPORTED APPROACH TO SYMMETRICALLY SUBSTITUTED SPIROKETALS (2001)

The development of a pair of complementary ketal based linkers on polyethylene glycol for the protection of either ketones or 1,2-diols is described. Their utility for the preparation of a small set of symmetrically substituted spiroketals is also detailed.
Determination of the band-gap energy of Al1−xInxN grown by metal–organic chemical-vapor deposition (1997)

Ternary AlInN was grown by metal–organic chemical-vapor deposition in the high Al composition regime. The band-gap energy of AlInN ternary was measured by optical absorption spectroscopy at room temperature. The band-gap energy of Al0.92In0.08N is 5.26 eV. The potential application of AlInN as a barrier material for GaN is also discussed.
Wafer-Level Hysteresis-Free Resonant Carbon Nanotube Transistors (2015)

We report wafer-level fabrication of resonant-body carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistors (FETs) in a dual-gate configuration. An integration density of >10(6) CNTFETs/cm(2), an assembly yield of >80%, and nanoprecision have been simultaneously obtained. Through combined chemical and thermal treatments, hysteresis-free (in vacuum) suspended-body CNTFETs have been demonstrated. Electrostatic actuation by lateral gate and FET-based readout of mechanical resonance have been achieved at room temperature. Both upward and downward in situ frequency tuning has been experimentally demonstrated in the dual-gate architecture. The minuscule mass, high resonance frequency, and in situ tunability of the resonant CNTFETs offer promising features for applications in radio frequency signal processing and ultrasensitive sensing.
Comparative Population Genetics of the Panicoid Grasses: Sequence Polymorphism, Linkage Disequilibrium and Selection in a Diverse Sample of Sorghum bicolor (2004)

Levels of genetic variation and linkage disequilibrium (LD) are critical factors in association mapping methods as well as in identification of loci that have been targets of selection. Maize, an outcrosser, has a high level of sequence variation and a limited extent of LD. Sorghum, a closely related but largely self-pollinating panicoid grass, is expected to have higher levels of LD. As a first step in estimation of population genetic parameters in sorghum, we surveyed 27 diverse S. bicolor accessions for sequence variation at a total of 29,186 bp in 95 short regions derived from genetically mapped RFLPs located throughout the genome. Consistent with its higher level of inbreeding, the extent of LD is at least severalfold greater in sorghum than in maize. Total sequence variation in sorghum is about fourfold lower than that in maize, while synonymous variation is fivefold lower, suggesting a smaller effective population size in sorghum. Because we surveyed a species-wide sample, the mating system, which primarily affects population-level diversity, may not be primarily responsible for this difference. Comparisons of polymorphism and divergence suggest that both directional and diversifying selection have played important roles in shaping variation in the sorghum genome.
Eczematous Eruptions in Childhood (1981)

Atopic dermatitis, one of the most common skin disorders seen in infants and children, is frequently a source of frustration to parents and presents a challenge to immunologists, pediatricians, and dermatologists alike. Affecting approximately 3% of the childhood population, atopic dermatitis frequently causes confusion because the terms eczema and dermatitis are often used synonymously and interchangeably.1 Eczema is a generic term that identifies an acute inflammatory cutaneous eruption characterized by itching, redness, papules, vesicles, edema, serous discharge, and crusting (Fig 1). Dermatitis without a qualifying adjective is less definitive and merely refers to an inflammation of the skin which may result in a spectrum of lesions varying from acute necrosis and ulceration to simple erythema.2 A modifying adjective therefore is frequently added to the general term in an effort to identify the specific eruption under consideration, hence the terms contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, nummular dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis. PATHOGENESIS Atopic dermatitis is the most common cause of eczema in children. Although its cause remains unknown, the disorder represents an eczematous disorder of characteristic distribution, a hereditary symptom complex in individuals with paradoxical physiologic responses to pharmacologic stimuli, a constitutional predisposition to develop dry skin and pruritus, and a personal or family history of allergy.
Risk of Childhood Cancers Associated with Residence in Agriculturally Intense Areas in the United States (2008)

Although interpretation is limited by the ecologic design, in this study we were able to evaluate rarer childhood cancers across a diverse agricultural topography. The findings of this exploratory study support a continued interest in the possible impact of long-term, low-level pesticide exposure in communities located in agriculturally intense areas.
Surgery for acoustic neurinoma (1989)

A consecutive series of 100 translabyrinthine operations for removal of acoustic neurinoma is reported. Complete tumor removal was achieved in 97% of cases. There were three perioperative deaths, and the postoperative morbidity rate was low. The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 82% of patients. Preoperative facial weakness and tumor size larger than 2.5 cm were predictive of poor facial recovery. In patients with an intact nerve but complete facial palsy 1 week after surgery, electroneuronography was a good predictor of the final facial outcome and may influence the timing of rehabilitative procedures. With the exception of patients who have small tumors and good speech discrimination (where a suboccipital approach may preserve hearing acuity), the translabyrinthine operation is the procedure of choice for removal of acoustic neurinomas in patients who have normal hearing in the contralateral ear.
Equilibrium and Associated Load Distribution in Ball and Roller Bearings Loaded in Five Degrees of Freedom While Neglecting Friction—Part I: General Theory and Application to Ball Bearings (1989)

A new, general and consistent mathematical model of highly modular character is presented for calculation of the equilibrium and associated load distribution in rolling element bearings. The bearings may be loaded and displaced in five degrees of freedom. High speed rolling element loading is considered, internal friction is neglected, the material is assumed linearly elastic and the bearing rings are modelled as rigid except for local contact deformation. Either classical Hertzian contact analysis or modern non-Hertzian contact analysis of sophisticated or approximate character is used as applicable. The bearing stiffness matrix is computed analytically and used internally in the iterative bearing equilibrium calculation; its final values may be used for other purposes such as (rotor) dynamics analysis. In Part I, the general theory and application to ball bearings is presented. In Part II, application of the general theory to roller bearings and an experimental verification are presented.
Cube Padding for Weakly-Supervised Saliency Prediction in 360° Videos (2018)

Automatic saliency prediction in 360° videos is critical for viewpoint guidance applications (e.g., Facebook 360 Guide). We propose a spatial-temporal network which is (1) weakly-supervised trained and (2) tailor-made for 360° viewing sphere. Note that most existing methods are less scalable since they rely on annotated saliency map for training. Most importantly, they convert 360° sphere to 2D images (e.g., a single equirectangular image or multiple separate Normal Field-of-View (NFoV) images) which introduces distortion and image boundaries. In contrast, we propose a simple and effective Cube Padding (CP) technique as follows. Firstly, we render the 360° view on six faces of a cube using perspective projection. Thus, it introduces very little distortion. Then, we concatenate all six faces while utilizing the connectivity between faces on the cube for image padding (i.e., Cube Padding) in convolution, pooling, convolutional LSTM layers. In this way, CP introduces no image boundary while being applicable to almost all Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) structures. To evaluate our method, we propose Wild-360, a new 360° video saliency dataset, containing challenging videos with saliency heatmap annotations. In experiments, our method outperforms baseline methods in both speed and quality.
An inductively‐coupled, detachable receiver coil system for use with magnetic resonance compatible endoscopes (2003)

Inductively-coupled coil systems may be used with endoscopes to allow improved safety through increased patient-system isolation and detachability of coils and electronics for repair or replacement with coils tuned for different frequencies.
A bounded-distance decoding algorithm for the Leech lattice, with generalizations (1989)

An algorithm is given that decodes the Leech lattice with not much more than twice the complexity of soft-decision decoding of the Golay code. The algorithm has the same effective minimum distance as maximum-likelihood decoding and increases the effective error coefficient by less than a factor or two. The algorithm can be recognized as a member of the class of multistage algorithms that are applicable to hierarchical constructions. It is readily generalized to lattices that can be expressed in terms of binary code formulas, and in particular to construction B lattices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modal flexibility based damage detection for suspension bridge hangers: A numerical and experimental investigation (2019)

This paper addresses the problem of damage detection in suspension bridge hangers, with an emphasis on the modal flexibility method. It aims at evaluating the capability and the accuracy of the modal flexibility method to detect and locate single and multiple damages in suspension bridge hangers, with different level of severity and various locations. The study is conducted numerically and experimentally on a laboratory suspension bridge mock-up. First, the covariance-driven stochastic subspace identification is used to extract the modal parameters of the bridge from experimental data, using only output measurements data from ambient vibration. Then, the method is demonstrated for several damage scenarios and compared against other classical methods, such as: Coordinate Modal Assurance Criterion (COMAC), Enhanced Coordinate Modal Assurance Criterion (ECOMAC), Mode Shape Curvature (MSC) and Modal Strain Energy (MSE). The paper demonstrates the relative merits and shortcomings of these methods which play a significant role in the damage detection of suspension bridges.