gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Bulky [P,O] Neutral Nickel Catalysts for Copolymerization of Ethylene with Polar Vinyl Monomers (2018)

Several nickel complexes bearing sterically bulky phosphino-phenolate ([P,O]) ligands were synthesized and explored as catalysts for olefin (co)polymerization. In the absence of an activator, the complexes showed very high catalytic activities (up to 107 g molNi–1 h–1) for ethylene polymerization even at 90 °C or with the addition of a large amount of a polar additive (such as ethyl alcohol, diethyl ether, acetone, or even water), affording linear polymers with high molecular weights (up to 6.53 × 105). In contrast, most of the previously reported nickel catalysts suffer from severe activity suppression at elevated temperature. It is rare that a catalyst has so many good performances simultaneously, including high catalytic activity, good tolerance for polar groups, strong thermal stability, and yielding high molecular weight linear polyethylene. Most importantly, these bulky nickel complexes used in this study also effectively copolymerized ethylene with challenging polar vinyl monomers, including commercially available acrylates and an acrylamide. As we expected, introducing a bulky substituent group on the phosphorus atom of the complex was vital for enhanced catalytic activity and the formation of high molecular weight linear copolymers. Microstructure analyses revealed that the polar functional units were mainly incorporated into the polymer main chain and also located at the chain end with insertion percentages of up to 7.4 mol %. The bulky [P,O] neutral nickel complexes reported herein are promising alternatives to the well-established palladium catalysts for direct copolymerization of olefins with commercially available polar vinyl comonomers.
A comparative study on the synthesis of the 1<i>H</i>[1]benzothieno[2,3‐<i>d</i>]‐imidazole and 1<i>H</i>[1]benzothieno[2,3‐<i>d</i>]‐<i>v</i>‐triazole (1986)

Abstract Alternate routes for the synthesis of the new title compounds are described. The experimental procedure for the isolation of the unstable 2,3‐diaminobenzo[ b ]thiophene as the dichloride salt is presented.
Diverse Sources of <i>C. difficile</i> Infection Identified on Whole-Genome Sequencing (2013)

Over a 3-year period, 45% of C. difficile cases in Oxfordshire were genetically distinct from all previous cases. Genetically diverse sources, in addition to symptomatic patients, play a major part in C. difficile transmission. (Funded by the U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration Translational Infection Research Initiative and others.).
DCCP-based multiple retransmission technique for multimedia streaming (2008)

Retransmission-based error recovery is the simplest technique to minimize the overall packet loss ratio in order to increase the quality of the applications. Multimedia applications are becoming increasingly popular in IP networks, while in mobile environment the limited bandwidth and the higher error rate arise in spite of its popularity. Retransmission can be also used for loss recovery in media applications, but the number of retransmissions is limited by the playout buffer and the recent network delay.
Compiler and hardware support for reducing the synchronization of speculative threads (2008)

Thread-level speculation (TLS) allows us to automatically parallelize general-purpose programs by supporting parallel execution of threads that might not actually be independent. In this article, we focus on one important limitation of program performance under TLS, which stalls as a result of synchronizing and forwarding scalar values between speculative threads that would otherwise cause frequent data dependences and, hence, failed speculation. Using SPECint benchmarks that have been automatically transformed by our compiler to exploit TLS, we present, evaluate in detail, and compare both compiler and hardware techniques for improving the communication of scalar values. We find that through our dataflow algorithms for three increasingly aggressive instruction scheduling techniques, the compiler can drastically reduce the critical forwarding path introduced by the synchronization and forwarding of scalar values. We also show that hardware techniques for reducing synchronization can be complementary to compiler scheduling, but that the additional performance benefits are minimal and are generally not worth the cost.
Application of low loss dielectric and high temperature superconducting materials in microwave filters (1997)

Recently cryogenically cooled low loss dielectric materials and high temperature superconducting films have received much attention. The authors report on the latest dielectric materials and on the possible electrical designs of electrically small filters using these novel materials.
Organic-inorganic hybrid materials doped with lithium ions (2008)

Organic–inorganic hybrid materials have been synthesized by the sol–gel method, using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), net-polyacrylic-inter-net-polysiloxane, butyl acrylate, ethyl acetoacetate, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile and LiClO4 precursors and additives. Mass fractions of the organic additions in the gels were of ca 35–40 mass%. The hybrid materials obtained were amorphous, colourless, transparent or translucent, with room temperature ionic conductivities in a range of 10–4–10–3 Ω–1cm–1. The results of scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 29Si MAS Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analysis have revealed [SiO4] tetrahedrons polycondensation strongly influenced by organic precursors and chemical bonding between organic and inorganic parts of the gels obtained.
Tissue-Specific Binding by FGF and FGF Receptors to Endogenous Heparan Sulfates (2003)

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) bind via their heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan chains to a large variety of extracellular ligands. These ligands include components of the extracellular matrix, other cell surface receptors, viruses, proteases and their inhibitors, and growth factors. The interaction of growth factors with HS has been proposed to affect growth factor function, if by no means other than limiting growth factor diffusion. For certain growth factors, however, work over the past decade has shown that HS binding has a more direct role in signaling. It is proposed that the HS chain participates directly in the assembly of these growth factors with their signaling receptor and may even act as a regulator of the signaling (1,2). This role for HSPGs has been shown for epidermal growth factor family members, most notably heparin-binding EGF and the heregulins (3), hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (4), and for the members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family (5,6).
The small RNAs in plant immunity (2012)

Small RNAs are involved in a multitude of biological processes in plants. Based on their origins and precursor structures, small RNAs can be divided into two major classes: microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interference RNAs (siRNAs). Small RNAs are typically 21-24 nucleotide (nt) long, and differ in both biogenesis and biological function. In the pathogenic process, pathogens can either induce or suppress the synthesis of small RNAs, which, in turn, regulate the expression of pathogenesis-related genes to mediate diverse plant-pathogen interactions. The biogenesis and biological functions of small RNAs, together with possible regulation mechanisms underlying the host-pathogen interactions, are summarized in this review.
Lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals show aberrant inositol polyphosphate metabolism which reverses after zidovudine therapy (1991)

Lymphocytes or lymphoblastoid cells that have been infected by HIV in vitro or exposed to its envelope glycoprotein (gp120) show abnormal inositol polyphosphate-mediated signal transduction and associated defects in calcium regulation. Such cells behave as though they were chronically activated and fail to respond to further activating signals. We now show that similar changes are seen in lymphocytes obtained from HIV-infected subjects at various stages of infection, despite the fact that only a minority of such cells are infected. Furthermore, the defect in the phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis pathway in lymphocytes obtained from AIDS patients reverses after treatment with zidovudine, in parallel with improvements in phytohaemagglutinin-induced proliferative response and interferon-gamma production.
Transcription of Virulence Factors in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Small-Colony Variants Isolated from Cystic Fibrosis Patients Is Influenced by SigB (2005)

Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants (SCVs) are believed to account in part for the persistence of S. aureus during chronic infections. Little is understood about the gene expression profile that may explain the phenotype and distinguish SCVs from prototype S. aureus strains. In this study, DNA array transcriptional profiles of clinical SCVs isolated from the airways of cystic fibrosis patients were obtained and compared to those obtained from a laboratory-derived SCV strain (i.e., a respiratory-deficient hemB mutant) and prototype S. aureus strains. The genes commonly up-regulated in both hemB and clinical SCVs were found to be implicated in fermentation and glycolysis pathways. The well-known virulence regulator agr was not activated in SCVs, and such strains had low levels of alpha-toxin (hla) gene expression. Clinical SCVs also had a transcriptional signature of their own. Of striking interest is that many genes, most of them under the positive control of the alternate sigma factor SigB, were specifically up-regulated and differed in that way from that seen in prototype S. aureus and the hemB mutant. Since SigB influences up-regulation of adhesin type genes while indirectly down-regulating exoproteins and toxins, we evaluated the internalization and persistence of SCVs in mammalian cells. Results showed that clinical SCVs persisted much more efficiently in cells than the hemB and prototype strains and that a sigB mutant was a poor persister. Thus, it appears that the agr locus plays a minor role in the regulation of the virulon of SCVs, unlike SigB, which may have a key role in intracellular persistence.
MAL/SRF complex is involved in platelet formation and megakaryocyte migration by regulating MYL9 (MLC2) and MMP9 (2009)

Megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MAL) is a transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor (SRF). In acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, the MAL gene is translocated and fused with the gene encoding one twenty-two (OTT). Herein, we show that MAL expression increases during the late differentiation steps of neonate and adult human megakaryopoiesis and localized into the nucleus after Rho GTPase activation by adhesion on collagen I or convulxin. MAL knockdown in megakaryocyte progenitors reduced the percentage of cells forming filopodia, lamellipodia, and stress fibers after adhesion on the same substrates, and reduced proplatelet formation. MAL repression led to dysmorphic megakaryocytes with disorganized demarcation membranes and alpha granules heterogeneously scattered in the cytoplasm. Gene expression profiling revealed a marked decrease in metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and MYL9 expression after MAL inhibition. Luciferase assays in HEK293T cells and chromatin immunoprecipitation in primary megakaryocytes showed that the MAL/SRF complex directly regulates MYL9 and MMP9 in vitro. Megakaryocyte migration in response to stromal cell-derived factor 1, through Matrigel was considerably decreased after MAL knockdown, implicating MMP9 in migration. Finally, the use of a shRNA to decrease MYL9 expression showed that MYL9 was involved in proplatelet formation. MAL/SRF complex is thus involved in platelet formation and megakaryocyte migration by regulating MYL9 and MMP9.
A Tripartite Fusion, FaeG-FedF-LT<sub>192</sub>A2:B, of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Elicits Antibodies That Neutralize Cholera Toxin, Inhibit Adherence of K88 (F4) and F18 Fimbriae, and Protect Pigs against K88ac/Heat-Labile Toxin Infection (2011)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains expressing K88 (F4) or F18 fimbriae and heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) toxins are the major cause of diarrhea in young pigs. Effective vaccines inducing antiadhesin (anti-K88 and anti-F18) and antitoxin (anti-LT and anti-ST) immunity would provide broad protection to young pigs against ETEC. In this study, we genetically fused nucleotides coding for peptides from K88ac major subunit FaeG, F18 minor subunit FedF, and LT toxoid (LT(192)) A2 and B subunits for a tripartite adhesin-adhesin-toxoid fusion (FaeG-FedF-LT(192)A2:B). This fusion was used for immunizations in mice and pigs to assess the induction of antiadhesin and antitoxin antibodies. In addition, protection by the elicited antiadhesin and antitoxin antibodies against a porcine ETEC strain was evaluated in a gnotobiotic piglet challenge model. The data showed that this FaeG-FedF-LT(192)A2:B fusion elicited anti-K88, anti-F18, and anti-LT antibodies in immunized mice and pigs. In addition, the anti-porcine antibodies elicited neutralized cholera toxin and inhibited adherence against both K88 and F18 fimbriae. Moreover, immunized piglets were protected when challenged with ETEC strain 30302 (K88ac/LT/STb) and did not develop clinical disease. In contrast, all control nonvaccinated piglets developed severe diarrhea and dehydration after being challenged with the same ETEC strain. This study clearly demonstrated that this FaeG-FedF-LT(192)A2:B fusion antigen elicited antibodies that neutralized LT toxin and inhibited the adherence of K88 and F18 fimbrial E. coli strains and that this fusion could serve as an antigen for vaccines against porcine ETEC diarrhea. In addition, the adhesin-toxoid fusion approach used in this study may provide important information for developing effective vaccines against human ETEC diarrhea.
Oligosaccharide Constructs with Defined Structures That Inhibit Binding of Mouse Sperm to Unfertilized Eggs in Vitro (1995)

During fertilization in mice, free-swimming sperm bind to mZP3, an 83-kDa glycoprotein present in the egg extracellular coat, the zona pellucida [Wassarman, P. M. (1990) Development 108, 1-17]. Mouse sperm recognize and bind to a specific class of serine/threonine-linked (O-linked) oligosaccharides present on mZP3. After binding to mZP3, sperm undergo a form of cellular exocytosis, the acrosome reaction, thereby enabling them to penetrate the zona pellucida and fertilize the egg. Thus, gamete interactions in mice are carbohydrate-mediated. In this context, we tested 15 O-linked-related oligosaccharide constructs with defined structures for their ability to inhibit binding of mouse sperm to ovulated eggs and to induce sperm to undergo the acrosome reaction in vitro. Thirteen of the oligosaccharides were constructed and characterized in our laboratory [Seppo, A., Pentillä, L., Niemelä, R., Maaheimo, H., Renkonen, O., & Keane, A. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 4655-4661]; two were obtained commercially. We found that, while none of the oligosaccharides induced sperm to undergo the acrosome reaction, a few of them inhibited binding of sperm to eggs at relatively low concentrations (ID50 < 5 microM). In certain cases, sperm formed head-to-head aggregates in the presence of the oligosaccharides. The results suggest that the ability of oligosaccharides to inhibit binding of sperm to eggs is dependent on several parameters, including the size and branching pattern of the oligosaccharide, as well as on the nature of the sugar residue at the nonreducing end of the oligosaccharide.
Receivers for the NAVSTAR global positioning system (1980)

The NAVSTAR global positioning system (g.p.s.) is being actively developed by the USA and is likely to become operational for both civilian and military users in the mid-1980s. Accuracy of position in three dimensions of afew metres and velocity within 0.1 m/s is predicted. The user equipment, essentially a receiver and an antenna, will employ a considerable volume of signal-processing hardware and software. This paper aims to provide for the signal-processing community some basic understanding of the system outline and its operation as a navigation aid; a typical receiver outline is broken into a number of units whose operation is described with some emphasis on the signal-processing aspects. Areas in which improved signal-processing methods could contribute to improved performance, particularly in interference conditions, are examined. The potential of the antenna in improving user equipment performance by providing angular selectivity against interference is examined briefly; results from the literature indicate improvement of up to 30dB. New signal-processing technologies, surface-accoustic-wave devices and c.c.d.s are likely to contribute to g.p.s receiver development in both frequency-generation and signal-processing areas.
Le prince de Lavau un personnage à la transition des âges du Fer (2020)

International audience
Identification and characterization of a novel family of <i>Drosophila</i>β‐adrenergic‐like octopamine G‐protein coupled receptors (2005)

Insect octopamine receptors carry out many functional roles traditionally associated with vertebrate adrenergic receptors. These include control of carbohydrate metabolism, modulation of muscular tension, modulation of sensory inputs and modulation of memory and learning. The activation of octopamine receptors mediating many of these actions leads to increases in the levels of cyclic AMP. However, to date none of the insect octopamine receptors that have been cloned have been convincingly shown to be capable of directly mediating selective and significant increases in cyclic AMP levels. Here we report on the identification and characterization of a novel, neuronally expressed family of three Drosophila G-protein coupled receptors that are selectively coupled to increases in intracellular cyclic AMP levels by octopamine. This group of receptors, DmOct beta1R (CG6919), DmOct beta2R (CG6989) and DmOct beta3R (CG7078) shows homology to vertebrate beta-adrenergic receptors. When expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells all three receptors show a strong preference for octopamine over tyramine for the accumulation of cyclic AMP but show unique pharmacological profiles when tested with a range of synthetic agonists and antagonists. Thus, the pharmacological profile of individual insect tissue responses to octopamine might vary with the combination and the degree of expression of the individual octopamine receptors present.
Facile surfactant-free synthesis and characterization of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@3-aminophenol–formaldehyde core–shell magnetic microspheres (2014)

Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@3-aminophenol–formaldehyde (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@APF) core–shell resin polymer magnetic nanocomposites were fabricated by the polymerization of 3-aminophenol and formaldehyde as efficient absorbants for methyl blue.
Plant Production and Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (1997)

\AI ways in which plant proV cesses influence the atmosphere, most biologists first think of photosynthetic oxygen production and carbon dioxide uptake. Given a few more minutes, many will also point out that plant transpiration of water plays a role in the chemistry of the troposphere (the lower 10 km of the atmosphere). Few, however, are aware that plant processes play key roles in ozone production, methane oxidation, and the global carbon monoxide budget. Several biologists and atmospheric chemists have recognized the effects of plants on the atmosphere (Rasmussen 1972, Tyson et al. 1974, Went 1960), but only recently has research into chemical emissions from plants advanced beyond a curiosity of interest to only a handful of environmental scientists. The topic of plant chemical emissions and their role in
Segmentation of geometric signals using robust fitting (2002)

The problem of segmenting an image provided by a geometric sensor into geometric primitives is addressed by a two-step iterative process. In the first step, the largest connected region bounded by edge pixels is hypothesized as containing a geometric primitive. In the second step, the resulting set of pixels is sent to a robust fitter based on the least median of squares algorithm, to verify whether this hypothesis holds. If the fit is successful, then the geometric primitive is removed from the data; otherwise, a different hypothesis is obtained by decreasing the edge threshold. The process is repeated until the entire image is segmented. The fact that the robust fitter is tolerant of outliers means that the correct segmentation is produced from many different initial hypotheses. The algorithm is demonstrated on a number of range images which are known to contain particular geometric primitives.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A design space analysis of availability-sharing systems (2011)

Workplace collaboration often requires interruptions, which can happen at inopportune times. Designing a successful availability-sharing system requires finding the right balance to optimize the benefits and reduce costs for both the interrupter and interruptee. In this paper, we examine the design space of availability-sharing systems and identify six relevant design dimensions: abstraction, presentation, information delivery, symmetry, obtrusiveness and temporal gradient. We describe these dimensions in terms of the tensions between interrupters and interruptees revealed in previous studies of workplace collaboration and deployments of awareness systems. As a demonstration of the utility of our design space, we introduce InterruptMe, a novel availability-sharing system that represents a previously unexplored point in the design space and that balances the tensions between interrupters and interruptees. InterruptMe differs from previous systems in that it displays availability information only when needed by monitoring implicit inputs from the system's users, implements a traceable asymmetry structure, and introduces the notion of per-communications channel availability.
High Efficiency Low Temperature Pre-epi Clean Method for Advanced Group IV epi Processing (2013)

In the present paper we discuss an alternative pre-epi clean method, which is performed at a reduced temperature of 600ºC, while maintaining SiO2 removal efficiency of the conventional H2 pre-epi bake at 800-900ºC. It is essentially an ex-situ HF-dip followed by a GeH4-enhanced Si etch that is performed in-situ in an epi reactor. The etch process lifts-off residual SiO2 together with a very thin well controlled top layer of crystalline Si. An optimal combination of 1.5-1.6nm loss and O, C - free interface has been demonstrated on bare (100) Si wafers. Defect-free substrate-epi interface was verified by photoluminescence study. The amount of removed Si was found to depend on crystal orientation of exposed Si surface, (110) Si being etched ~3x faster than (100) Si. Therefore the method needs to be carefully optimized for devices with various surfaces exposed simultaneously.