gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Replacement of lateral line sensory organs during tail regeneration in salamanders: identification of progenitor cells and analysis of leukocyte activity (1993)

It has been proposed that supporting cells may be the progenitors of regenerated hair cells that contribute to recovery of hearing in birds, but regeneration is difficult to visualize in the ear, because it occurs deep in the skull. Hair cells and supporting cells that are comparable to those in the ear are present in lateral line neuromasts, and in axolotl salamanders these cells are accessible to microscopic observation in vivo. After amputation of a segment of the tail that contains neuromasts, cells from the posteriormost neuromast on the tail stump divide rapidly and form a migratory regenerative placode. The cells of the regenerative placode represent a lineage that eventually produces both hair cells and supporting cells in replacement neuromasts. We sought to identify the progenitors of the regenerative placode by using differential interference contrast microscopy combined with time-lapse video recording in living axolotl salamanders. In response to amputation, the mantle-type supporting cells at the posteroventral edge of the neuromast that is nearest to the wound increased their frequency of cell division, and gave rise to the first cells of the placode. The increase in mitotic activity of mantle-type supporting cells was accompanied by an unexplained decrease in the frequency of divisions in the same neuromast's population of internal supporting cells. The time-lapse records suggested that the changes in the mitotic activity of supporting cells might have been linked to the presence of phagocytic leukocytes in the vicinity of the neuromast that was nearest to the wound. Leukocytes were evenly distributed around control neuromasts, but during regeneration leukocyte activity increased significantly in the vicinity of the posterior half of the posteriormost neuromast. The redistribution of leukocytes occurred early in the regenerative response, but a causal role for the leukocytes has not been conclusively established. It is possible that the leukocytes could contribute to the formation of the regenerative placode at that location by breaking down the glycocalyx that ensheaths the outermost cells of the neuromast, or through the secretion of mitogenic growth factors.
Induction of Cytidine to Uridine Editing on Cytoplasmic Apolipoprotein B mRNA by Overexpressing APOBEC-1 (2000)

Post-transcriptional editing of apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA is regulated in hepatic cells to achieve a steady state proportion of edited and unedited RNA molecules. This activity is catalyzed by APOBEC-1 (apoB mRNA editing catalytic subunit 1) in what has been widely accepted as nuclear event occurring during or after mRNA splicing. Introns impair the efficiency of editing within an adjacent exon in a distance-dependent manner in reporter RNAs. We show here that this inhibition can be overcome by overexpressing APOBEC-1 and that the enhanced editing efficiency on these reporter RNAs occurred after splicing on cytoplasmic transcripts. Given the absolute requirement of auxiliary proteins in apoB mRNA editing, the data suggested that auxiliary proteins were distributed with APOBEC-1 in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of McArdle cells. In fact, immunolocalization of one such auxiliary protein, APOBEC-1 complementation factor (ACF) demonstrated a nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution. We also demonstrate that in the absence of alterations in APOBEC-1 expression, changes in edited apoB RNA induced by ethanol arise through the stimulation of nuclear editing activity. The finding that apoB mRNA editing can occur in the cytoplasm but normally does not suggests that under biological conditions, restricting editing activity to the nucleus must be an important step in regulating the proportion of the edited apoB mRNAs.
Surveillance (Oversight), Sousveillance (Undersight), and Metaveillance (Seeing Sight Itself) (2016)

Surveillance is an established practice that generally involves fixed cameras attached to fixed inanimate objects, or PTZ (Pan Tilt Zoom) cameras at a fixed position. Sur-veillance only provides part of the veillance story, and often only captures a partial truth. Further advances in miniaturization, together with wireless communication technologies, are giving rise to kinematic veillance ("kineveillance"): wearable, portable, and mobile cameras, as well as unpersoned aerial vehicles (UAVs). These additional veillances give us a more complete picture: multiple viewpoints from multiple entities bring us closer to the truth. In contrast to the extensive mathematical and conceptual framework developed around surveillance (e.g. background subtraction, frame-differencing, etc.), now that surveillance is no longer the only veillance, we need new mathematical and conceptual understandings of imaging and image processing. More importantly we need new tools for understanding the many veillances and how they interact. Therefore this paper introduces metaveillance and the veillance wavefunction for metasensing: the sensing of sensors and the sensing of their capacity to sense.
Sur de nouvelles phases K2CaLnO4 (Ln = Ce, Pr, Tb) à structure NaFeO2alpha. Les solutions solides KPrIII1-xCax/2PrIVx/2O2 et K1+x/3PrIII1-xPrIV2x/3O2 (1971)

Reproduction avec l'aimable autorisation de l'éditeur.
DNA minor groove targeted alkylating agents based on bisbenzimidazole carriers: synthesis, cytotoxicity and sequence-specificity of DNA alkylation. (1998)

A series of bisbenzimidazoles bearing a variety of alkylating agents [ortho- and meta-mustards, imidazolebis(hydroxymethyl), imidazolebis(methylcarbamate) and pyrrolebis(hydroxymethyl)], appended by a propyl linker chain, were prepared and investigated for sequence-specificity of DNA alkylation and their cytotoxicity. Previous work has shown that, for para-aniline mustards, a propyl linker is optimal for cytotoxicity. Alkaline cleavage assays using a variety of different labelled oligonucleotides showed that the preferred sequences for adenine alkylation were 5'-TTTANANAANN and 5'-ATTANANAANN (underlined bases show the drug alkylation sites), with AT-rich sequences required on both the 5' and 3' sides of the alkylated adenine. The different aniline mustards showed little variation in alkylation pattern and similar efficiencies of DNA cross-link formation despite the changes in orientation and positioning of the mustard, suggesting that the propyl linker has some flexibility. The imidazole- and pyrrolebis(hydroxymethyl) alkylators showed no DNA strand cleavage following base treatment, indicating that no guanine or adenine N3 or N7 adducts were formed. Using the PCR-based polymerase stop assay, these alkylators showed PCR blocks at 5'-C*G sites (the * nucleotide indicates the blocked site), particularly at 5'-TAC*GA 5'-AGC*GGA, and 5'-AGCC*GGT sequences, caused by guanine 2-NH2 lesions on the opposite strand. Only the (more reactive) imidazolebis(methylcarbamoyl) and pyrrolebis(hydroxymethyl) alkylators demonstrated interstrand cross-linking ability. All of the bifunctional mustards showed large (approximately 100-fold) increases in cytotoxicity over chlorambucil, with the corresponding monofunctional mustards being 20- to 60-fold less cytotoxic. These results suggest that in the mustards the propyl linker provides sufficient flexibility to achieve delivery of the alkylator to favoured (adenine N3) sites in the minor groove, regardless of its exact geometry with respect to the bisbenzimidazole carrier. The 'targeted' bisbenzimidazole bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole- and imidazole analogues showed very similar patterns of alkylation to the corresponding 'untargeted' compounds, with little evidence of additional selectivity imposed by this AT-preferring carrier.
Control of root-knot nematodes on Trigonella foenum-graecum by Paecilomyces lilacinus (1989)

An experiment was conducted to control Meloidogyne incognita infecting Trigonella /oenum-graecum using Paecilomyces lilacinus raised on goat dung and sesame oil cake. Of the four treatments used, relatively better reduction in nematodelopulation was observed on substrate + fungus + nematode treatment compared with substrate + nematode alone. The fungus penetrate the eggs and fed upon their contents leaving empty shell. Invaded eggs were swollen in caparison with uncolonized ones.
Thermal capacitance spectroscopy of epitaxial 3C and 6H-SiC <i>pn</i> junction diodes grown side by side on a 6H-SiC substrate (1995)

The fabrication of 3C-SiC and 6H-SiC pn junction diodes, grown side by side on low-tilt-angle 6H-SiC substrates via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, has recently been reported. Admittance spectroscopy and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were made on one of these diodes to compare the defect structure of 3C- and 6H-SiC CVD epitaxial layers grown under the same conditions. The 6H-SiC layers revealed a single minority carrier level and a deeper broad majority carrier peak. The minority level is due to the boron-related D center, whereas the broad majority level was identified as a double peak by a DLTS simulation. DLTS measurements on the 3C-SiC layers revealed only one deep level impurity consistent with the boron-related D center. Shallow donor levels observed using admittance spectroscopy correspond with the known shallow nitrogen donor in both 3C- and 6H-SiC epitaxial layers. This confirms that both 3C- and 6H-SiC polytypes were simultaneously formed on the same 6H-SiC substrate.
Polarization Holograms in a Bifunctional Amorphous Polymer Exhibiting Equal Values of Photoinduced Linear and Circular Birefringences (2014)

Light-controlled molecular alignment is a flexible and useful strategy introducing novelty in the fields of mechanics, self-organized structuring, mass transport, optics, and photonics and addressing the development of smart optical devices. Azobenzene-containing polymers are well-known photocontrollable materials with large and reversible photoinduced optical anisotropies. The vectorial holography applied to these materials enables peculiar optical devices whose properties strongly depend on the relative values of the photoinduced birefringences. Here is reported a polarization holographic recording based on the interference of two waves with orthogonal linear polarization on a bifunctional amorphous polymer that, exceptionally, exhibits equal values of linear and circular birefringence. The peculiar photoresponse of the material coupled with the holographic technique demonstrates an optical device capable of decomposing the light into a set of orthogonally polarized linear components. The holographic structures are theoretically described by the Jones matrices method and experimentally investigated.
Promotion of Faster Weight Gain in Infants Born Small for Gestational Age (2006)

In the present randomized study targeted to investigate the effect of early nutrition on long-term cardiovascular health, we found that a nutrient-enriched diet increased later blood pressure. These findings support an adverse effect of relative "overnutrition" in infancy on long-term cardiovascular disease risk, have implications for the early origins of cardiovascular disease hypothesis, and do not support the promotion of faster weight gain in infants born small for gestational age.
THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON LEAF WAX DEVELOPMENT IN <i>BRASSICA OLERACEA</i> VAR. <i>GEMMIFERA</i> (1974)

S ummary The influence of environmental conditions on the epicuticular waxes of the normal and four mutant forms of brussels sprout ( Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera ) has been studied. An increase in radiant energy rate, a decrease in humidity or a decrease in temperature induces the largest deposits of wax. Environmental conditions have only a limited effect on the compositions of the waxes of the normal and mutant lines but modify the size, configuration and distribution of the surface wax structures. A mechanism for the transport and subsequent organization of the wax on the plant surface is discussed.
A Simple Synthesis of 2-Substituted Indoles (1992)

A simple preparation of 2-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole, indole-2-acetonitrile and 2-(2-arylvinyl)indoles from 2-methylindole is described.
Damage Effect of Terrorist Attack Explosion-induced Shock Wave in a Double-deck Island Platform Metro Station (2020)

The objective of this research was to reasonably assess the damage to people and station structures caused by terrorist attack explosion at metro stations, taking the Liyuan station of Wuhan metro which adopts double-deck island platform as an typical example. The TNT explosion process inside the metro station was calculated and analyzed using the dynamic finite element numerical simulation software LS-DYNA. First, the peak overpressure curve and the positive pressure time curve of the shock wave of explosive under the condition of confined space in the metro station were obtained. Then, through the comparison and analysis of the theoretical formulas of explosive shock wave propagation characteristics, the accuracy and reliability of numerical calculation methods and model parameters were verified. At last, combining with the overpressure criterion of shock wave in explosive air, the distribution characteristics of the casualties in the metro station under the explosion shock wave are analyzed, and the dynamic response and damage effect of the pillar structure of the metro station under the explosion shock wave are studied.
A prospective study comparing SPET with MRI and CT as prognostic indicators following severe closed head injury (1994)

Ten patients were studied prospectively afer severe closed head injury to determine the relationship between long-term clinical outcome and abnormalities detected by single photon emission tomography (99Tcm-HMPAO SPET), CT and MRI obtained within 60 days of injury. The ability of SPET to detect abnormalities not visualized by CT or MRI after cerebral trauma by the results of this study. Changes detected by SPET [global cerebral blood flow (gCBF) and number of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) deficits] soon after trauma were shown to be more closely correlated with long-term outcome than changes detected by MRI or CT. Templates were used to classify lesions by site and a multivariate analysis was undertaken to establish the importance of defect position in predicting clinical outcome. The results suggest that lesions in the temporal lobes, frontal lobes and basal ganglia are related to poor prognosis, and that SPET yields more useful prognostic data than the other methods.
Cure kinetics of the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of dicyclopentadiene (2002)

Abstract The cure kinetics of polydicyclopentadiene prepared by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization with three different concentrations of Grubbs' catalyst were examined with differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental data were used to test several different phenomenological kinetic models. The data were best modeled with a model‐free isoconversional method. This analysis revealed that the activation energy increased significantly for degrees of cure greater than 60%. The catalyst concentration had a large effect on the cure kinetics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2373–2383, 2002
Recent developments in rotary-wing aerodynamic theory (1986)

Current progress in the computational analysis of rotary-wing flowfields is surveyed, and some typical results are presented in graphs. Topics examined include potential theory, rotating coordinate systems, lifting-surface theory (moving singularity, fixed wing, and rotary wing), panel methods (surface singularity representations, integral equations, and compressible flows), transonic theory (the small-disturbance equation), wake analysis (hovering rotor-wake models and transonic blade-vortex interaction), limitations on computational aerodynamics, and viscous-flow methods (dynamic-stall theories and lifting-line theory). It is suggested that the present algorithms and advanced computers make it possible to begin working toward the ultimate goal of turbulent Navier-Stokes calculations for an entire rotorcraft.
Multimedia strategy considers waste treatment (1995)

The advent of multimedia pollution prevention programs has raised some interesting and challenging questions on the subject of facility operations. First and foremost is the goal of a multimedia pollution prevention program: how can industrial streams in an operating facility be treated to prevent pollutants from escaping in a particular effluent or waste streams without transferring the same pollutants to another medium? Once this is resolved, the next issue to be addressed is the fate of pollutants removed from effluent streams. EPA is moving toward discouraging destruction as an acceptable means of waste treatment. The strategies are presented for handling pollutants from one media without contaminating another.
All-fibre photonic signal generator for attosecond timing and ultralow-noise microwave (2015)

High-impact frequency comb applications that are critically dependent on precise pulse timing (i.e., repetition rate) have recently emerged and include the synchronization of X-ray free-electron lasers, photonic analogue-to-digital conversion and photonic radar systems. These applications have used attosecond-level timing jitter of free-running mode-locked lasers on a fast time scale within ~100 μs. Maintaining attosecond-level absolute jitter over a significantly longer time scale can dramatically improve many high-precision comb applications. To date, ultrahigh quality-factor (Q) optical resonators have been used to achieve the highest-level repetition-rate stabilization of mode-locked lasers. However, ultrahigh-Q optical-resonator-based methods are often fragile, alignment sensitive and complex, which limits their widespread use. Here we demonstrate a fibre-delay line-based repetition-rate stabilization method that enables the all-fibre photonic generation of optical pulse trains with 980-as (20-fs) absolute r.m.s. timing jitter accumulated over 0.01 s (1 s). This simple approach is based on standard off-the-shelf fibre components and can therefore be readily used in various comb applications that require ultra-stable microwave frequency and attosecond optical timing.
MIRCA2000—Global monthly irrigated and rainfed crop areas around the year 2000: A new high‐resolution data set for agricultural and hydrological modeling (2010)

To support global‐scale assessments that are sensitive to agricultural land use, we developed the global data set of monthly irrigated and rainfed crop areas around the year 2000 (MIRCA2000). With a spatial resolution of 5 arc min (about 9.2 km at the equator), MIRCA2000 provides both irrigated and rainfed crop areas of 26 crop classes for each month of the year. The data set covers all major food crops as well as cotton. Other crops are grouped into categories (perennial, annual, and fodder grasses). It represents multicropping systems and maximizes consistency with census‐based national and subnational statistics. According to MIRCA2000, 25% of the global harvested areas are irrigated, with a cropping intensity (including fallow land) of 1.12, as compared to 0.84 for the sum of rainfed and irrigated harvested crops. For the dominant crops (rice (1.7 million km 2 harvested area), wheat (2.1 million km 2 ), and maize (1.5 million km 2 )), roughly 60%, 30%, and 20% of the harvested areas are irrigated, respectively, and half of the citrus, sugar cane, and cotton areas. While wheat and maize are the crops with the largest rainfed harvested areas (1.5 million km 2 and 1.2 million km 2 , respectively), rice is clearly the crop with the largest irrigated harvested area (1.0 million km 2 ), followed by wheat (0.7 million km 2 ) and maize (0.3 million km 2 ). Using MIRCA2000, 33% of global crop production and 44% of total cereal production were determined to come from irrigated agriculture.
Rifaximin and Crohn’s disease (2013)

In a recent article, Longman and Swaminath analyzed our paper on the use of rifaximin in patients with moderately active Crohn's disease (CD). Here we report some considerations concerning their article. The exploratory post-hoc subgroup analysis showed that early-stage disease and, differently from that written by Longman and Swaminath, also colonic involvement seemed to be associated with a significant higher efficacy of rifaximin-EIR 800 mg twice daily. Early-stage disease is generally considered as the more easily treatable phase of CD, and the better response to rifaximin in Crohn's colitis is in accordance with the high concentration of bacteria in the colon. In addition, patients with C reactive protein level > 5 mg/L achieved remission more significantly than patients with normal values, thus suggesting that the symptoms were probably caused by inflammation instead of by non-inflammatory causes. We also analyze the role of rifaximin against gut bacteria and the clinical situations that could obtain the best results from antibiotics.
Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Cotton Yarns and Fabrics Treated with Anhydrous Ethylamine and with Mercerizing Caustic (1959)

Samples of cotton yarn, tire cord, and fabric were subjected to treatment with an hydrous ethylamine to produce cellulose III. The physical and mechanical properties of these products were compared with those of the untreated materials (containing cel lulose I crystal lattice) and of mercerized cotton (containing cellulose II crystal lattice). The ethylamine treatment produced effects upon the textile properties of the original materials which were similar to those of slack-mercerization but smaller percentagewise. The properties of the treated cottons apparently were affected more by the accompanying fiber swelling and yarn shrinkage than by the shift in crystal lattice. Ethylamine-treated bandage gauze compared favorably with the slack-mercerized "conforming bandage" pioneered at the Southern Regional Research Laboratory.
Development of slurry concentration adjustable tungsten chemical mechanical planarization process (2002)

Understanding the interaction of slurry component and concentration with polishing condition is necessary for developing a tightly controlled chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process. This paper investigates the impacts of flowrate and concentration variation of tungsten CMP slurry. The slurry concentration adjustable tungsten CMP process is described. Finally, physical characterization and electrical results are presented. We demonstrate that the new process yields a significant improvement on the oxide erosion and a remarkable reduction in the cost of consumables.
Syntaxin 7 Is Localized to Late Endosome Compartments, Associates with Vamp 8, and Is Required for Late Endosome–Lysosome Fusion (2000)

Protein traffic from the cell surface or the trans-Golgi network reaches the lysosome via a series of endosomal compartments. One of the last steps in the endocytic pathway is the fusion of late endosomes with lysosomes. This process has been reconstituted in vitro and has been shown to require NSF, alpha and gamma SNAP, and a Rab GTPase based on inhibition by Rab GDI. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fusion events to the lysosome-like vacuole are mediated by the syntaxin protein Vam3p, which is localized to the vacuolar membrane. In an effort to identify the molecular machinery that controls fusion events to the lysosome, we searched for mammalian homologues of Vam3p. One such candidate is syntaxin 7. Here we show that syntaxin 7 is concentrated in late endosomes and lysosomes. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments show that syntaxin 7 is associated with the endosomal v-SNARE Vamp 8, which partially colocalizes with syntaxin 7. Importantly, we show that syntaxin 7 is specifically required for the fusion of late endosomes with lysosomes in vitro, resulting in a hybrid organelle. Together, these data identify a SNARE complex that functions in the late endocytic system of animal cells.