gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High photorefractive sensitivity at 860  nm in reduced rhodium-doped KNbO_3 (1997)

We show that high-temperature reduction in a CO-CO(2) atmosphere increases the photorefractive sensitivity of KNbO(3):Rh at 860nm by 4 orders of magnitude compared with that of the as-grown crystal. The effective trap density is increased by a factor of 3, and the photoconductivity by a factor of 30, and the photorefractive response at a grating spacing of 0.15 mu;m is accelerated by a factor of 400. The grating buildup time at a grating spacing of 0.7 microm and an intensity of 1Wcm(-2) is 0.5 s, a value comparable with that of as-grown KNbO(3):Fe at visible wavelengths. The optical and photorefractive parameters of Rh-doped KNbO(3) subjected to reduction treatment are characterized for wavelengths of 0.48-1.064 microm .
Experimentation and modeling of organic photocontamination on lithographic optics (2000)

Photodeposition of organic films on transparent substrates irradiated in the presence of trace levels (ppb to ppm) of hydrocarbons has been experimentally investigated and a model is presented that describes the film growth behavior. The efficacy of a given organic precursor at forming a deposit is proportional to the product of its surface coverage (as governed by its partial pressure relative to its saturation partial pressure) and by its photon absorption cross section. These measurements are important in predicting the transmission characteristics of lithographic optics operating at 157, 193, and 248 nm wavelength. For example, a lens element irradiated continuously for 1 yr (1 kHz, 0.1 mJ/cm2/pulse) in the presence of 1 ppb of t-butyl benzene would exhibit a transmission of ∼87% at 193 nm. The effects of oxygen-containing ambients are also documented, and methods for elimination and/or prevention of organic contamination are suggested.
Angiotensin AT <sub>1</sub> Receptor Inhibition (1997)

Long-term AT1-receptor blockade did not regress LVH in rats with persistent systolic pressure overload due to ascending aortic stenosis. However, both AT1-receptor blockade and amlodipine improved in vivo left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in association with the normalization of left ventricular ACE mRNA levels.
Bacterial Expression of a Mitochondrial Cytochrome<i>c</i>. Trimethylation of Lys72 in Yeast<i>iso</i>-1-Cytochrome<i>c</i>and the Alkaline Conformational Transition (1998)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1-cytochrome c has been expressed in Escherichia coli by coexpression of the genes encoding the cytochrome (CYC1) and yeast cytochrome c heme lyase (CYC3). Construction of this expression system involved cloning the two genes in parallel into the vector pUC18 to give the plasmid pBPCYC1(wt)/3. Transcription was directed by two promoters, Lac and Trc, that were located upstream from CYC1. Both proteins were expressed in the cytoplasm of E. coli cells harboring the plasmid. Semianaerobic cultures grown in a fermentor produced 15 mg of recombinant iso-1-cytochrome c per liter of culture. Attempts to increase production by addition of IPTG suppressed the number of copies of the CYC1 gene within the population. Wild-type iso-1-cytochrome c expressed with pBPCYC1(wt)/3 in E. coli was compared to the same protein expressed in yeast. At neutral pH, the two proteins exhibit indistinguishable spectroscopic and physical (Tm, Em') characteristics. However, electrospray mass spectrometry revealed that the lysyl residue at position 72 is not trimethylated by E. coli as it is by S. cerevisiae. Interestingly, the pKa of the alkaline transition of the protein expressed in E. coli is approximately 0.6 pKa unit lower than that observed for the cytochrome expressed in yeast (8.5-8.7). 1H NMR spectroscopy of the bacterially expressed cytochrome collected at high pH revealed the presence of a third alkaline conformer that is not observed in the corresponding spectrum of the cytochrome expressed in yeast. These observations suggest that Lys72 can serve as an axial ligand to the heme iron of alkaline iso-1-ferricytochrome c if it is not modified posttranscriptionally to trimethyllysine.
Name Disambiguation Using Atomic Clusters (2008)

Name ambiguity is a critical problem in many applications, in particular in the online bibliography systems, such as DBLP and CiteSeer. Previously, several clustering based methods have been proposed although, the problem still presents to be a big challenge for both research and industry communities. In this paper, we present a complementary study to the problem from another point of view. We propose an approach of finding atomic clusters to improve the performance of existing clustering-based methods. We conducted experiments on a dataset from a real-world system: Arnetminer.org. Experiments results show that significant improvements can be obtained by using the proposed atomic clusters finding approach (about +8% and +27% improvements depending on different clustering methods).
Balancing the power of multimedia information retrieval and usability in designing interactive tv (2008)

Steady progress in the field of multimedia information retrieval (MMIR) promises a useful set of tools that could provide new usage scenarios and features to enhance the user experience in today's digital media applications. In the interactive TV domain, the simplicity of interaction is more crucial than in any other digital media domain and ultimately determines the success or otherwise of any new applications. Thus when integrating emerging tools like MMIR into interactive TV, the increase in interface complexity and sophistication resulting from these features can easily reduce its actual usability. In this paper we describe a design strategy we developed as a result of our efforts in balancing the power of emerging multimedia information retrieval techniques and maintaining the simplicity of the interface in interactive TV. By providing multiple levels of interface sophistication in increasing order as a viewer repeatedly presses the same button on their remote control, we provide a layered interface that can accommodate viewers requiring varying degrees of power and simplicity. A series of screen shots from the system we have actually developed and built illustrates how this is achieved.
Role of Carbon Nanotubes in Analytical Science (2007)

Analytical science has gone through several turning points, one of the most decisive of which was signaled by the development and massive use of instruments for analytical purposes. One other pivotal turning point was the inception of computer science, which not only enabled the automatic control of analytical systems but also facilitated the acquisition of vast amounts of data and their processing with the aid of chemometrics. Following the growing significance of automation and miniaturization in recent times, the early 21st century is witnessing the rise of nanotechnology as a new, increasingly important, revolutionary trend in science in general and analytical science in particular. The ability to exploit molecular interactions between analytes and nanoparticles has opened up new, challenging prospects in this area. Good proof of the interest aroused by nanoparticles is the large number of papers on their use in quantum dots, fullerene, aurum nanoparticles, or carbon nanotubes published in recent years.
Synthesis of (±) Peperomins (1990)

Abstract The total synthesis of natural antitumor agent (±) peperomin A, B and C are reported. These syntheses were started from benzophenones and diethyl succinate by Stobbe condensation. Three successive steps were employed to give the (±)‐peperomins.
해운교육의 경쟁력 제고방안 (1999)

This paper deals with characteristic major developed countries and major asia Countries in Education of Ocean Transport, and Suggests the followings ; The first, Variety of Maritime Education-Various to Subject and education process(Curriculum). The second, Internationalization of Maritime Education in other words we should be inter-action between international of Maritime man power. The third, through-out activity of graduated school and we must to increase the capacity for problem-solution as interdiciplinary. The fourth, A through size-optimum fo maritime specialist have to minimize to such over man power. Lastlly, We could be cooperation to nationality support-system for making best maritime manpower.
Human Papillomavirus Testing for Primary Cervical Cancer Screening (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Simulation of Torso Posture and Motion in Seating (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Since the 1960's, automotive seats have been designed and evaluated with tools and procedures described in the SAE Recommended Practice J826. The SAE J826 design template and testing manikin each have a torso with a flat lower back shape and with a single joint at the H-point.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The JOHN models provide a more anatomically detailed representation of human shape and movement. The articulations of the JOHN torso (pelvic, lumbar, and thoracic) segments are coupled so that their relative positions are determined by a single parameter related to spinal curvature. This paper describes the development and use of the JOHN biomechanical models for seating design.</div>
Molecular Clocks and the Puzzle of RNA Virus Origins (2003)

Although the ultimate origins of RNA viruses are uncertain, it seems reasonable to assume that these infectious agents have a long evolutionary history, appearing with, or perhaps before, the first cellular life-forms (38). While the RNA viruses we see today may not date back quite this far, the evidence that some DNA viruses have evolved with their vertebrate hosts over many millions of years (24) makes an equally ancient history for RNA viruses a natural expectation. Yet a very different picture of RNA virus origins is painted if their gene sequences are compared; by using the best estimates for rates of evolutionary change (nucleotide substitution) and assuming an approximate molecular clock (21, 33), it can be inferred that the families of RNA viruses circulating today could only have appeared very recently, probably not more than about 50,000 years ago. Hence, if evolutionary rates are accurate and relatively constant, present-day RNA viruses may have originated more recently than our own species. Before discussing the solutions to this apparent paradox, it is important to determine exactly why the molecular clock estimates of RNA virus origins are so recent. The key to establishing a timescale of viral evolution lies in accurately determining the rate of nucleotide substitution. Most analyses undertaken to date suggest that the average rate of nucleotide substitution in RNA viruses is 10 3 substitutions per site per year, with an approximately fivefold range around this (21). The fact that broadly similar rates are found in RNA viruses with very different genome organizations and lifestyles implies that both the error rate associated with RNA polymerase, estimated to be about one mutation per genome replication (10), and the rate of viral replication are roughly constant. If the average substitution rate of 10 3 substitutions/site/year is accurate, then, on average, every nucleotide position will have fixed 1 substitution after 1,000 years of evolution (corresponding to an average divergence time between two lineages of only 500 years). This also corresponds to an evolutionary (corrected) distance (d) between two sequences of 1.0, the maximum that can be reliably estimated through sequence comparisons; larger distances will be inherently inaccurate because of uncounted multiple substitutions at single sites. Of course, reality is a little more complex because viral genomes are a patchwork of synonymous sites, where mutations do not change the encoded amino acid, and nonsynonymous sites, where mutations alter amino acids and which usually evolve more slowly. If we conservatively assume that the substitution
Prevalence of Antibodies to Four Herpesviruses among Adults with Glioma and Controls (2001)

The authors previously reported statistically significant inverse associations between adult onset glioma and histories of chickenpox and shingles among 462 cases and 443 controls in the San Francisco Bay Area Adult Glioma Study (1991--1995) and a suggestive but nonsignificant inverse association with immunoglobulin G antibodies to varicella-zoster virus in a small subset of these cases. This report considers antibodies to four common herpesviruses (varicella zoster, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein Barr) among 134 cases and 165 controls that represent all subjects for whom usable blood specimens were available. The prevalences of immunoglobulin G antibodies to varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus were 90%, 71%, 57%, and 90%, respectively. After adjustment for age, White versus non-White ethnicity, and gender, glioblastoma cases were less likely than controls to have immunoglobulin G antibodies to varicella-zoster virus (odds ratio = 0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.1, 0.9). They were also somewhat less likely to have antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus but somewhat more likely to have antibodies to herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus. Antibody prevalences to all four herpesviruses were similar between cases with other glioma histologies and controls. These results corroborate our previously suggestive findings of an inverse association of varicella-zoster virus antibodies with adult onset glioma.
5. T cell immunity and neuroplasticity. (2013)

The proneuronal effects of T cells that impact the brain occur from both T cells trafficking into the brain, and from signals in the periphery (e.g., cytokine release and regulation). Recent data indicates that neuroimmunological changes in the brain can modify intrinsic brain processes that are involved in regulating neuroplasticity (e.g., T-cell/microglial interactions, neurotrophins, neurogenesis). We describe: 1) work from our lab and others showing that injury-induced loss of neuronal phenotype and reversal of motor neuron atrophy are associated with normal T cell immunity, and; 2) research indicating that these and other neuroimmunological processes may be generalizable to mechanisms of neuroplasticity involved in cognitive and emotional behavior. These findings are discussed in relation to our lab's working hypothesis, that T cell immunosenesence may contribute to alterations in brain neuroplasticity related to aging. Greater understanding of the role of adaptive T cell immunity on neuroplasticity could have important clinical implications for developing novel treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's) and brain injury (e.g., stroke, trauma).
X2000 advanced avionics project development of a new generation of avionics for space applications (2004)

This paper will describe the system architecture, the avionics components, the key performance and reliability requirements, and the current development status of the X2000 Avionics.
The Effects of Clonidine Added to Mepivacaine for Paronychia Surgery Under Axillary Brachial Plexus Block (2005)

We hypothesized that onset of sensory block is delayed in infected versus healthy tissues within the same nerve distribution after axillary brachial plexus block (ABPB) and that clonidine added to mepivacaine would enhance anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Forty-one outpatients undergoing thumb/index paronychia surgery under ABPB were randomly assigned to receive in a double-blind fashion 400 mg mepivacaine plus either 100 microg clonidine (clonidine group, n = 21) or 2 mL saline (placebo group, n = 20). Onset of sensory block in the infected area was delayed compared with healthy areas of the same nerve distribution (24.7 +/- 5.5 min versus 21.3 +/- 7.2; P = 0.02 for median and 21.6 +/- 7.8 min; P = 0.04 for radial) within the placebo group. In the clonidine group, when compared to placebo i) onset of sensory block in both the median and radial nerve territories was accelerated (11.1 +/- 5.6 and 10.5 +/- 5.2 versus 21.3 +/- 7.2 and 21.6 +/- 7.8 min, respectively; P < 0.001), ii) onset of sensory block in the region of infection was accelerated (9.1 +/- 1.9 versus 24.7 +/- 5.5 min; P < 0.001), iii) duration of anesthesia (275 +/- 75 versus 163 +/- 57; P = 0.04) and time to first analgesic requirement (279 +/- 87 versus 197 +/- 84 min; P = 0.002) were prolonged with decreased visual analog scale scores at this time (30 +/- 18 versus 70 +/- 24; P < 0.001), and iv) verbal numeric rating scores were decreased at 24 h (1.7 +/- 2.2 versus 4.1 +/- 3.0; P = 0.002) and 48 h (0.1 +/- 0.5 versus 1.5 +/- 2.4; P = 0.01) postoperatively. Our findings suggest that in the setting of distal infected tissue surgery under ABPB infected tissues are resistant to anesthesia compared with healthy areas within the same nerve distribution and clonidine added to mepivacaine enhances both anesthesia and postoperative analgesia.
Fabrication of GaAs coupled quantum wires on V-grooved substrate (1996)

We have fabricated coupled quantum wires, consisting of two GaAs quantum wires as small as 5 nm thick and 30 nm in width (15 nm in effective width) separated by a 1–3 nm thick AlGaAs barrier, using flow rate modulation epitaxy (FME) on a V-grooved substrate and observed its optical characteristics. A clear energy splitting between the fundamental coupled state and the higher-order coupled state of the coupled quantum wires was observed from the room-temperature photoluminescence. Furthermore, the splitting energy increases as the thickness of barrier decreases from 3 to 1 nm, which is predicted theoretically for coupled quantum systems.
Four-Center Type Photopolymerization in the Solid State (1970)

R-CH=CH-Ar-CH=CH-R (ここでRは芳香環, カルボキシル基, またはその誘導体残基を示す) の一般式で表わされるジオレフィン化合物の結晶状態での紫外-可視光照射による重合性を検討した。その結果, 主鎖にシクロブタンを持つ新しいタイプの高分子量線状ポリマーが高収率で多数合成された。検討した化合物の範囲内で, 固相反応でも, モノオレフィン化合物の2量化反応をジオレフィン化合物の線状ポリマー合成に拡張できることを実証した。動力学的検討から, 重合反応は逐次過程により進行することがわかった。また, 結晶解析の結果から, この反応はモノマー結晶内での分子配列に完全に支配され, かつモノマー結晶からポリマー結晶への直接的転移による, 従来に例のない新しいタイプのTopochemical polymerizationであることが明らかとなった。また, 照射光の波長規制により, オリゴマーの選択的生成や溶液重合も可能であることがわかった。生成ポリマーのすべては高融点 (300～420℃), 高結晶性であるが, その結晶は溶解後は再生されない。ポリマーについて, 耐酸化性, 耐加水分解性, 熱的挙動, 動的粘弾性, 誘電的性質などの諸物性や若干の溶液物性も検討した。
Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression reduces apoptotic susceptibility by inhibiting the cytochrome c-dependent apoptotic pathway in human colon cancer cells. (2002)

The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene encodes an inducible enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and is up-regulated in colorectal neoplasms. Evidence indicates that COX-2 may regulate apoptosis and can influence the malignant phenotype. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit COX enzymes and induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell lines, which may contribute to their antitumor effects. To determine whether forced COX-2 expression modulates susceptibility to drug-induced apoptosis, HCT-15 colon carcinoma cells were stably transfected with the COX-2 cDNA, and two clones overexpressing COX-2 were isolated. Selective COX-2 (NS398) and nonselective (sulindac sulfide) COX inhibitors, as well as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), induced apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling in a dosage-dependent manner. Forced COX-2 expression significantly attenuated induction of apoptosis by all three of the drugs compared with parental HCT-15 cells. NSAIDs and 5-FU induced the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c as well as caspase-3 and -9 activation, and to a much lesser extent, caspase-8. COX-2-overexpressing cells showed reduced cytochrome c and caspase activation, relative to parental cells. A specific inhibitor of caspase-3 restored cell survival after drug treatment. COX-2 transfectants were found to overexpress the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA and protein relative to parental cells. In conclusion, forced COX-2 expression significantly attenuates apoptosis induction by NSAIDs and 5-FU through predominant inhibition of the cytochrome c-dependent apoptotic pathway. COX-2-mediated up-regulation of Bcl-2 suggests a potential mechanism for reduced apoptotic susceptibility.
In Situ Device for Detection of Oil Spill in Seawater (2006)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to design an innovative, real time, cost effective, and environment friendly in situ technique for the surface measurement of oil spill thickness. The technique was based on the concept of the electrical conductivity to characterize and to measure the thickness of an oil layer in seawater. The system was designed to monitor the seawater pollution continuously and to send an alarm if the oil level exceeds a certain limit. The results of this study are very important as they may contribute to the development of advanced practices in oil spill detection.
Neural crest and normal development: A new perspective (1984)

Several clinical syndromes, including the DiGeorge syndrome, are characterized by clusters of developmental defects of the heart and great vessels with structures derived from the embryonic pharyngeal apparatus including thymus and parathyroids. The connective tissue derivatives of neural crest are necessary for the normal development of these structures, and there is new experimental evidence that depletion of neural crest causes defects similar to these clinical syndromes. Therefore it is proposed that many of these syndromes are due to inappropriate development of neural crest. The implications of this hypothesis include the predictions 1) that asplenia and certain other anomalies have the same etiology, and 2) that it is possible to observe the effects of teratogenic agents upon a cellular population (neural crest) at the time when it is being altered, rather than waiting until definitive organs may be examined.
A comparison study of ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) fabricated with Nafion and other ion exchange membranes (2013)

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) have been and still are one of the best candidates with great potential to be used as actuators and sensors particularly in bioengineering where the environmental conditions are in an aqueous medium. Each component of an IPMC is important. However, the ion exchange membrane should be more emphasized because it is where ions migrate when electrical stimulation is applied and eventually it produces deformation of the IPMC. So far, the most commonly used ion exchange membrane is Nafion and many studies have been conducted with it for IPMC applications. There are a number of other commercially available ion exchange membranes now, but only a few studies have been done on those membranes to be used in IPMC applications. In this study, four commercially available membranes, (1) Nafion N115 (DuPont), (2) CMI7000S (Membranes International Inc.), (3) F-14100 (fumatech), (4) GEFC-700 (Golden Energy Fuel Cell) were selected and fabricated in IPMCs and their potentials as actuators were examined by conducting various characterizations such as water uptake, ion exchange capacity, SEM, DSC, blocking force and bending displacement.