gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Crystal Structures of the Magnus Salts, Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>PtCl<sub>4</sub><sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the Crystal Structures of the Magnus Salts, Pt(NH3)4PtCl41Masao Atoji, James W. Richardson, and R. E. RundleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 12, 3017–3020Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01569a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01569a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views740Altmetric-Citations147LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Two-Stage Iterative Process for the Synthesis of Poly-oxazoles (2005)

[reaction: see text]. Methodology has been developed to prepare bis-oxazoles via a two-stage iterative process. The sequence begins with C(2)-chlorination of a lithiated oxazole using hexachloroethane. Generation of the C(2)-C(4)(') bond by S(N)Ar substitution with TosMIC anion, followed by conversion to the heterocycle in a one-pot reaction with glyoxylic acid monohydrate, affords the desired bis-oxazole in good yield and purity. The two-stage process allows for efficient synthesis of a tris-oxazole and the first iterative preparation of a tetra-oxazole.
Distributed virtual instrumentation architecture (2002)

This paper presents a virtual instrumentation architecture that was conceived by these authors to address specific issues of real-time data acquisition and remote processing in distributed environments for monitoring or C2 (command and control) applications. An object-oriented approach is considered to make full use of the state-of-the-art design and development techniques and technologies. An implementation based on Real-Time Java is considered to proving the architecture viability.
Mobile Application for Automatic Accident Detection and Multimodal Alert (2015)

This paper presents HDy Copilot, an Android application for accident detection integrated with multimodal alert dissemination, both via eCall and IEEE 802.11p. The proposed accident detection algorithm receives inputs from the vehicle, via ODB-II, and from the smartphone sensors, namely the accelerometer, the magnetometer and the gyroscope. The Android smartphone is also used as human machine interface, so that the driver can configure the application, receive road hazard warnings issued by other vehicles in the vicinity and cancel countdown procedures upon false accident detection. A prototype implementation was validated via laboratory tests.
ELKS1 and Ca2+ channel subunit β4 interact and colocalize at cerebellar synapses (2011)

The cytoskeletal matrix of the active zone and synaptic voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) are both necessary components for the organization and regulation of synaptic vesicle release. In this study, we report a novel interaction between the cytoskeletal matrix of the active zone protein, ELKS1b, and the VDCC subunit, β4, in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. We found that the two proteins coimmunoprecipitated using antibodies against each protein. Using fluorescent immunohistochemistry, we observed colocalization between ELKS1b and VDCC β4 in the molecular layer of the cerebellum, suggesting that these proteins are both present in molecular layer synapses. Analysis of a P/Q-type VDCC knockout mouse (Cacna1a(-/-)) revealed that the localization of the VDCC β4 subunit to the molecular layer was disrupted, although ELKS1b protein localization was not affected. These results demonstrate that these two proteins interact in vitro and colocalize in the cerebellum, and suggest that their interaction may play a role at the molecular layer synapses of the cerebellum.
An evaluation of motor models of handwriting (1989)

A general method is presented for describing and analyzing biomedical handwriting models. Using Laplace's transform theory, a model can be represented in what is called the neural firing-rate domain. Consistent terminology is proposed to facilitate model evaluation and comparison. An overview of previously published models suggests that they could be described using this method, with second- and third-order linear model representation. Fourteen simplified theoretical models are simulated in an experiment designed to study the parameter domain in which handwriting is controlled by the nervous system in order to gain insight into which type of model provides the best reconstruction of natural handwriting. Results show that velocity-controlled models produce the best outputs, with no significant difference between second- and third-order systems. In handwriting, fine motor behavior is thus velocity-controlled. These findings agree with other recent automatic signature verification results and are of interest for a number of applications, from pattern recognition to handwriting education.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anisotropic velocity changes in seismic time‐lapse data (2007)

Reservoir production causes subsurface deformations and changes in seismic velocity. These deformations and velocity changes can be monitored using time‐lapse seismic data. A fundamental challenge in the interpretation of time shifts observed in time‐lapse data is the decomposition of the time delay into a spatial compaction component and a velocity change component. Several authors (Hatchell and Borne, 2005; Janssen et al., 2006) have published the application of pragmatic linear relationships between overburden stretching and velocity changes which, have proved applicable in a wide range of geological settings. In this study, we predict velocity changes through coupled reservoir and geomechanical modeling of the subsurface stress state and subsequent application of a rock physics model that relates changes in subsurface stress and strain to velocity changes. We expand on previously published work by investigating the anisotropy of the velocity changes and relate these to field observations of offset‐dependent time‐lapse time‐shifts from the South Arne Field. Our modeling shows that in the overburden, vertical seismic velocities decrease over time, causing traveltimes in a monitor survey to increase compared to traveltimes in a base survey. We furthermore predict that horizontal seismic velocities in the deep overburden increase and for seismic waves propagating at intermediate angles (approx. 20° – 30°), the velocity changes are minimal. This suggests, that time‐shifts between base‐ and monitor surveys are largest for zero‐offset data and will gradually decrease as a function of offset. We test this prediction on a 4D field data set at South Arne, North Sea. For zero‐offset data, we find a maximum traveltime increase in the overburden of 6ms. Time‐shifts show a dependence on observation angle, with large offset time‐shifts in the overburden being up to 50% smaller than near‐offset time‐shifts.
Interactive Light Field Tilt-Shift Refocus with Generalized Shift-and-Sum (2019)

Since their introduction more than two decades ago, light fields have gained considerable interest in graphics and vision communities due to their ability to provide the user with interactive visual content. One of the earliest and most common light field operations is digital refocus, enabling the user to choose the focus and depth-of-field for the image after capture. A common interactive method for such an operation utilizes disparity estimations, readily available from the light field, to allow the user to point-and-click on the image to chose the location of the refocus plane. In this paper, we address the interactivity of a lesser-known light field operation: refocus to a non-frontoparallel plane, simulating the result of traditional tilt-shift photography. For this purpose we introduce a generalized shift-and-sum framework. Further, we show that the inclusion of depth information allows for intuitive interactive methods for placement of the refocus plane. In addition to refocusing, light fields also enable the user to interact with the viewpoint, which can be easily included in the proposed generalized shift-and-sum framework.
Automated tracking and grasping of a moving object with a robotic hand-eye system (1993)

An attempt to achieve a high level of interaction between a real-time vision system capable of tracking moving objects in 3-D and a robot arm with gripper that can be used to pick up a moving object is described. The interplay of hand-eye coordination in dynamic grasping tasks such as grasping of parts on a moving conveyor system, assembly of articulated parts, or for grasping from a mobile robotic system is explored. The goal is to build an integrated sensing and actuation system that can operate in dynamic as opposed to static environments. The system built addresses three distinct problems in using robotic hand-eye coordination for grasping moving objects: fast computation of 3-D motion parameters from vision, predictive control of a moving robotic arm to track a moving object, and interception and grasping. The system operates at approximately human arm movement rates. Experimental results in which a moving model train is tracked, stably grasped, and picked up by the system are presented. The algorithms developed to relate sensing to actuation are quite general and applicable to a variety of complex robotic tasks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Topical 0.5% Ivermectin Lotion for Treatment of Head Lice (2012)

A single, 10-minute, at-home application of ivermectin was more effective than vehicle control in eliminating head-louse infestations at 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment. (Funded by Topaz Pharmaceuticals [now Sanofi Pasteur]; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01066585 and NCT01068158.).
Calculations of defect clustering in Fe<sub>1-x</sub>O (1975)

Lattice energy calculations based on the Born model are used to examine the possible structures of defect clusters in non-stoichiometric FeO. The basic cluster is identified as a complex of four cation vacancies and one tetrahedral Fe3+ ion (or 4:1 cluster) which is formed as a result of a large Coulomb term favouring the occupation of the tetrahedral site when all nearest-neighbour cations are vacant. The aggregation of these 4:1 clusters occurs by vacancy-sharing, and the calculations suggest that the most stable small aggregates are formed by edge- rather than corner-sharing (6:2 or 8:3 clusters). If more extended clusters are formed they are likely to involve corner-sharing, but the binding energy for a cluster closely related to the Fe3O4 structure is larger than that calculated for the Koch-Cohen cluster.
Induction of Long-Term Lipopolysaccharide Tolerance by an Agonistic Monoclonal Antibody to the Toll-Like Receptor 4/MD-2 Complex (2006)

We have established an agonistic monoclonal antibody, UT12, that induces stimulatory signals comparable to those induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through Toll-like receptor 4 and MD-2. UT12 activated nuclear factor kappaB and induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in peritoneal exudative cells. In addition, mice injected with UT12 rapidly fell into endotoxin shock concomitant with the augmentation of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels, followed by death within 12 h. On the other hand, when the mice were pretreated with a sublethal dose of UT12, the mice survived the subsequent lethal LPS challenges, with significant suppression of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6, indicating that UT12 induced tolerance against LPS. This effect of UT12 was maintained for at least 9 days. In contrast, the tolerance induced by LPS continued for less than 3 days. These results illuminate a novel potential therapeutic strategy for endotoxin shock by the use of monoclonal antibodies against the Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 complex.
Kinetic Analysis of 3-Quinuclidinyl 4-[<sup>125</sup>I]Iodobenzilate Transport and Specific Binding to Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Rat Brain in vivo: Implications for Human Studies (1990)

Radioiodinated R- and S-Quinuclidinyl derivatives of RS-benzilate (R- and S-125IQNB) have been synthesized for quantitative evaluation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding in vivo. Two sets of experiments were performed in rats. The first involved determining the metabolite-corrected blood concentration and tissue distribution of tracer R-IQNB (active enantiomer) and S-IQNB (inactive enantiomer) in brain 1 min to 26 h after intravenous injection. The second involved the measurement of brain tissue washout over a 2-min period after loading the brain by an intracarotid artery injection of the ligands. Various pharmacokinetic models were tested, which included transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), nonspecific binding, low-affinity binding, and high-affinity binding. Our analysis demonstrated that the assumptions of rapid equilibrium across the BBB and rapid nonspecific binding are incorrect and result in erroneous estimates of the forward rate constant for binding at the high-affinity receptor sites (k3). The estimated values for influx across the BBB (K1), the steady-state accumulation rate in cerebrum (K), and the dissociation rate constant at the high-affinity site (k4) of R-IQNB were independent of the specific compartmental model used to analyze these data (K1 approximately 0.23 ml/min/g, K approximately 0.13 ml/min/g, and k4 approximately 0.0019 min-1 for caudate). In contrast, the estimated values of k3 and the efflux rate constant (k2) varied over a 10-fold range between different compartmental models (k3 approximately 2.3-22 min-1 and k2 approximately 1.6-16 min-1 in caudate), but their ratios were constant (k3/k2 approximately 1.4). Our analysis demonstrates that the estimates of k3 (and derived values such as the binding potential) are model dependent, that the rate of R-IQNB accumulation in cerebrum depends on transport across the BBB as well as the rate of binding, and that uptake in cerebrum is essentially irreversible during the first 360 min after intravenous administration. Graphical analysis was consistent with compartmental analysis of the data and indicated that steady-state uptake of R-IQNB in cerebrum is established within 1-5 min after intravenous injection. We propose a new approach to the analysis of R-IQNB time-activity data that yields reliable quantitative estimates of k3, k4, and the nonspecific binding equilibrium constant (Keq) by either compartmental or graphical analysis. The approach is based on determining the free unbound fraction of radiolabeled ligand in blood and an estimate of K1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Secure and efficient proof of storage with deduplication (2012)

Both security and efficiency are crucial to the success of cloud storage. So far, security and efficiency of cloud storage have been separately investigated as follows: On one hand, security notions such as Proof of Data Possession (PDP) and Proof of Retrievability (POR) have been introduced for detecting that the data stored in the cloud has been tampered with. On the other hand, the notion of Proof of Ownership (POW) has also been proposed to alleviate the cloud server from storing multiple copies of the same data, which could substantially reduce the consumption of both network bandwidth and server storage space. These two aspects are seemingly quite to the opposite of each other. In this paper, we show, somewhat surprisingly, that the two aspects can actually co-exist within the same framework. This is possible fundamentally because of the following insight: The public verifiability offered by PDP/POR schemes can be naturally exploited to achieve POW. This "one stone, two birds" phenomenon not only inspired us to propose the novel notion of Proof of Storage with Deduplication (POSD), but also guided us to design a concrete scheme that is provably secure in the Random Oracle model based on the Computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) assumption.
Crystallization of germanium–antimony–tellurium amorphous thin film sandwiched between various dielectric protective films (1996)

Crystallization processes were studied for germanium–antimony–tellurium (Ge–Sb–Te) ternary amorphous thin film as a single layer or sandwiched between various dielectric films, such as silicon dioxide (SiO2), siricon nitride (Si3N4), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), zinc sulfide (ZnS), and ZnS–20 mol % SiO2. The processes were analyzed quantitatively, based on transmittance changes in Ge–Sb–Te films heated either exothermally or isothermally. Both Kissinger equation and Johnson–Mehl–Avrami kinetic analysis were adopted to estimate activation energy and the reaction order of the processes. Ge–Sb–Te single-layer amorphous film crystallized in two stages, nucleation and crystal growth. These two processes can be distinguished by exothermal crystallization patterns. By sandwiching this film into dielectric films, crystallization activation energy increases and the nucleation processes are affected. The Si3N4 and Ta2O5 dielectric films accelerate the nucleation, while the SiO2 films inhibit it, and the ZnS and ZnS–20 mol % SiO2 films promote the nucleation even in the grain growth process. Wettability measurements indicate that surface reactivity and chemical affinity are the factors which produce this variation.
Lapatinib potentiates cytotoxicity of  YM155 in neuroblastoma via inhibition of the ABCB1 efflux transporter (2017)

Adverse side effects of cancer agents are of great concern in the context of childhood tumors where they can reduce the quality of life in young patients and cause life-long adverse effects. Synergistic drug combinations can lessen potential toxic side effects through lower dosing and simultaneously help to overcome drug resistance. Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in infancy and extremely heterogeneous in clinical presentation and features. Applying a systematic pairwise drug combination screen we observed a highly potent synergy in neuroblastoma cells between the EGFR kinase inhibitor lapatinib and the anticancer compound YM155 that is preserved across several neuroblastoma variants. Mechanistically, the synergy was based on a lapatinib induced inhibition of the multidrug-resistance efflux transporter ABCB1, which is frequently expressed in resistant neuroblastoma cells, which allowed prolonged and elevated cytotoxicity of YM155. In addition, the drug combination (i.e. lapatinib plus YM155) decreased neuroblastoma tumor size in an in vivo model.
Virtual Cockpit Simulation for Pilot Training (2001)

For some of today's simulations very expensive heavy and large equipment is needed. Examples are driving shipping, and flight simulators with huge and expensive visual and motion systems. In order to reduce cost immersive Virtual Simulation becomes very attractive. Head Mounted Displays (HMD) or CAVEs (Computer Animated Virtual Environments). Datagloves. and cheap SeatingBucks are used to generate a stercoscopic virtual environment (VE) for the trainee. IVS enhances training quality and quantity for classroom-teaching and Computer Based Training (CBT). It allows to visualize and animate teaching material in a more natural stereoscopic environment. Data of before unseen complexity can be revealed and complex models easily visualized. For the first time the trainee himself can interact with a Data-Glove in the environment and collect cockpit experience long before his maiden flight. CAVEs and Immersive Projection Screens enable "group training" to collect personal and shared experience while further enhancing training quality.
Gene expression profiling of head and neck cancer (2004)

The purpose of this study was to classify oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) based on their gene expression profiles, to identify differentially expressed genes in these cancers, and to correlate genetic deregulation with clinical-histopathological data and patient outcome. After conducting proof of principle experiments utilizing six head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) cell lines, the gene expression profiles of 20 OSCCs and subsequently an additional 8 OSCCs were determined using cDNA microarrays containing 19,200 sequences and the Binary Tree-Structured Vector Quantization (BTSVQ) method of data analysis. Two sample clusters were identified in the group of 20 tumors that correlated with T3-T4 category of disease (P=0.035) and nodal metastasis( p=0.035). Samplec lustering of 28 OSCCsa nd the 6 cell lines revealed a correlation with disease free survival. BTSVQ analysis identified a subset of 23 differentially expressed genes with the lowest quantization error scores in the cluster containing more advanceds taget umors from the 20 OSCC dataset.T he expressiono f six of these differentially expressedg enesw as validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Statistical analysis of quantitative real-time RT-PCR data was performed and, after Bonferroni correction, CLDNI (p = 0.007) over-expressionw as significantly correlated with the cluster containing more advanced stage tumors. Despite the clinical heterogeneity of OSCC, molecular subtyping by cDNA microarray analysis was able to identify distinct patternso f genee xpressiona ssociatedw ith relevant clinical parameters. The application of this methodology represents an advance in the classification of oral cavity tumors, and may ultimately aid in the development of more tailored therapies for oral carcinoma.
Pore fluids and frequency-dependent wave propagation in rocks (1986)

Abstract Attenuation is the anelastic process which dissipates seismic energy by conversion to heat, thus decreasing the amplitude and modifying the frequency and phase content of a propagating wavelet. Laboratory measurements show seismic phase velocity and attenuation are dependent upon the fluid saturation and the product of frequency and pore-fluid viscosity, with a peak in attenuation between the seismic and sonic bands.The dominant mechanism by which seismic energy is dissipated in the upper crust is local viscous fluid flow in pores of small aspect ratio. Phenomenologically, this behavior is modeled as a series of linear viscoelastic elements with a narrow distribution of relaxation times, where velocity and attenuation are related through the Hilbert transform. This model may be generalized to include constant-Q behavior, as observed in dry rocks. Solutions to the wave equation may be generated for an arbitrary frequency dependence of phase velocity and Q. When Q is nearly independent of frequency, the impulse response is asymmetric and the power spectrum is a straight line with slope proportional to Q. When Q is roughly proportional or inversely proportional to frequency, the impulse response is nearly symmetrical and the power spectrum is nonlinear.These results indicate that the frequency content, phase spectrum, and velocity may be strong indicators of the type of pore fluid in a formation. Alternatively, if the type of pore fluid is known, these attributes could be used to monitor temperature changes of a formation.