gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Farnesyl transferase inhibitors induce apoptosis of Ras-transformed cells denied substratum attachment. (1997)

Farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs) are a novel class of antitumor drugs that block the oncogenic activity of Ras. Because FTIs lack significant cell toxicity in vitro and in vivo, a significant question is how they cause tumor regression. We now report that FTIs are in fact potent activators of apoptosis in Ras-transformed cells if attachment to substratum is prevented. When cultured at high density or on polyHEMA, a nonadherent substrate, Ras-transformed cells exhibited massive DNA degradation and cell death within 24 h of treatment with the FTI L-739,749. Death was p53-independent and was inhibited by the apoptosis suppressor BCL-XL. Furthermore, apoptosis was significantly attenuated by ectopic expression of a farnesyl-independent form of RhoB, a Rho protein previously implicated as a critical target for inhibition by FTIs. The findings suggest a link between FTIs and Rho-dependent adhesion signaling. Furthermore, our work indicates that FTIs revert cells to a state in which cell-substratum attachment is necessary for viability and suggests that apoptosis forms the basis for drug-induced tumor regression.
Integrated sensor arrays for bioluminescence and fluorescence bio-chemical analysis (2006)

We present on-chip luminescence and fluorescence bio-chemical analysis, using integrated photodiodes. The detectors and the read-out electronics are implemented on a silicon substrate using standard CMOS processing. The photosensitive structures result from two-stacked PN junctions and an (optional) optical filter. The bioluminescent analyses are based on a light producing reaction - the conversion of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules to AMP - catalyzed by the enzyme luciferase. The obtained results for three different initial concentrations of ATP molecules, in ATP consuming reactions, are presented. Initial fluorescent measurements have been conducted, based on the enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) using molecular probes DiFMUP (UV excitable). An enzyme solution (500 pg//spl mu/l) was mixed with DiFMUP. The reaction product DiFMU exhibits excitation/emission maxima of /spl sim/358/455 nm. The undesired excitation (UV) light was filtered out with. an integrated on-chip high pass filter with wavelength cut-off at 400 nm.
Micropropagation of eastern white pine (<i>Pinus</i><i>strobus</i> L.) (1988)

Cotyledons, epicotyls, and hypocotyls from embryos and "seedlings" of Pinusstrobus formed shoots following exposure to cytokinin on a Schenk and Hildebrandt medium. Benzyladenine and 2-isopentenyladenine were both effective at inducing shoot formation but benzyladenine was 5–10 times more potent. There was no synergistic interaction between these two cytokinins. Benzyladenine concentrations of 0.5–1.0 mg L −1 gave consistently good results with cotyledons. A 2-week cytokinin exposure produced uniformly good results and longer exposures caused callusing and vitrification. Pretreating seeds with hydrogen peroxide for 3 days stimulated caulogenesis. Addition of phenolics to medium containing benzyladenine also stimulated shoot formation and di-substituted phenolics were more effective than p-hydroxybenzoic acid. A short liquid pulse with high concentrations of benzyladenine induced caulogenesis but was not as effective as the application of cytokinin through agar-solidified culture medium. Cotyledons excised from embryos in cultured megagametophytes or from cultured embryos were more caulogenic than cotyledons from imbibed seeds. Best caulogenesis occurred after 1 week of direct embryo culture or culture of the embryo inside the megagametophyte. The caulogenic capacity of cotyledons from cultured embryos declined after 1 week but they retained competence to form shoots for 1 month. Epicotyls and hypocotyl sections from 1-week-old cultured embryos were also caulogenic but roots were not. Epicotyls responded best at benzyladenine levels less than 1 mg L −1 , but hypocotyls required higher concentrations. Caulogenesis from hypocotyls was polar in that most shoots formed at the upper end of the apical hypocotyl half. The basal hypocotyl half was less caulogenic and produced callus. Roots only produced callus. Charcoal inhibited shoot induction when it was included with benzyladenine. Charcoal also inhibited rhizogenesis when included in the final rooting medium. Shoot elongation was promoted by charcoal when it was given during the second subculture on basal medium for 1 month. Shoot elongation occurred on full-strength basal medium. Reduced concentrations of minerals and organics failed to enhance shoot elongation. Approximately 80% of microshoots rooted invitro on quarter-strength basal medium without any hormone application. An auxin pulse treatment had little effect on rooting. Application of rooting powders containing indolebutyric acid increased the number of roots formed but had little effect on rooting frequency.
Feasibility of Measuring Ruby Luminescence Wavelength Shift under Shock Loading. (1985)

Abstract : The feasibility of developing an optical stress transducer and transmission system for use under dynamic loading is described. The ruby luminescence (R lines) wavelength shift was selected as the conceptual basis for dynamic stress measurement. An experimental configuration using thin ruby crystals as transducers and optical fibers for signal transmission in plate impact experiments was developed. Calculations pertinent to generation and collection of luminescence are presented. Impact experiments using photomultiplier tubes and an optical multichannel analyzer as detectors were performed to examine the validity of the experimental design. Results of these preliminary experiments show a shift in the luminescence R-lines, as expected. Although the present results demonstrate the feasibility of developing an optical stress transducer, further research efforts are needed before time-resolved quantitative measurements can be obtained. Future experiments are outlined. Spectral transmission characteristics of shocked optical fibers have also been resolved. Keywords: Ruby Luminescence; Ruby Fluorescence; High Pressure; Shock; Transducer; Shock Wave.
The San Francisco project: an object-oriented framework approach to building business applications (2002)

The San Francisco project is developing several shareable frameworks in Java. The frameworks include an infrastructure for distributed object applications, business objects that are common across multiple domains, and domain specific frameworks that contain a subset of the objects and business logic that are needed to build a commercial application. The goal is to simplify the move to distributed and easily customizable applications by providing developers with an object-oriented infrastructure and a starter set of well-designed object framework code for their applications. The paper provides an overview of the frameworks that are being developed.
Energy-efficient incremental integrity for securing storage in mobile cloud computing (2010)

We present an energy-efficient protocol for ensuring the integrity of storage services in mobile cloud computing. The proposed protocol applies the concepts of incremental cryptography and trusted computing to design secure integrity data structures that protect the customer data while highly reducing the mobile client energy consumption and efficiently supporting dynamic data operations. The system design is analytically analyzed and experimentally implemented to demonstrate the energy savings it provides on mobile clients.
Abstract: Type and nature of sulphides in the Whistle-Parkin Offset Dyke, Sudbury impact structure, Ontario, Canada (2001)

The Whistle-Parkin Offset Dyke System is located in the northeast comer of the 1.85 Ga Sudbury impact structure. It strikes north-northeast and extends up to 15 km from the SIC (Sudbury Igneous Complex). The Whistle portion of the Offset Dyke is connected to the SIC via a 350 m wide embayment, in which the INCO Whistle mine is located, and narrows to a width of 10-30 m away from the SIC. The Whistle portion of the dyke extends for -1.5 km, and is then offset by a -2 km sinistral fault. The Parkin portion appears north west of the truncated Whistle portion and strikes northnorth-eastwards. It maintains a thickness of 20-40 m, becoming thinner at the more distal end. In the Whistle-Parkin segment rock types can be split into embayment and offset varieties. The lithologies of the Whistle embayment consist of norite, gabbronorite, and gabbro of the Sudbury Sublayer. The lithologies of the actual offset consist of Radial Breccia, Mafic Sulphide Bearing Breccia (MSBB), Inclusion Quartz Diorite (IQD), and inclusion free Quartz Diorite (QD). The sulphides in the Whistle-Parkin Dyke vary depending on their location within the dyke. The Whistle embayment sulphides are predominantly pyrrhotite and pentlandite. The Whistle dyke sulphides become enriched in Cu with chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and millerite. Traces of violarite, sphalerite, galena, marcasite, arsenopyrite, and bravoite have also been noted. Sulphides in the Parkin dyke are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and minor pentlandite. The sulphides are found in most of the rock types in the dyke system. They range from blebby sulphides in the Quartz Diorite to massive inclusion-bearing sulphides in the Sudbury Sublayer lithologies.
Optical Properties of Magnesium Oxide* (1935)

It is pointed out that crystals of β-magnesia of optical quality may be obtained in sizes up to 112 inches diameter. Windows for use in spectroscopic furnaces have been prepared from this material. Tests made with these windows show that they resist attack by the vapors of Ca, Na, K and Li. They transmit from 2150A in the ultraviolet to about 5 μ in the infrared. The index of refraction varies from 1.8450 at 2536A to 1.7313 at 7065A. The dispersion, ν, is 53.5. A preliminary investigation shows that it may be suitable for a quartz-magnesia doublet lens.
Structural uncertainty and Bayesian inversion (2004)

Previous workers have concluded that the primary source of uncertainty in the shape of structures observed in processed seismic data is due to uncertainty in the underlying velocity field (or, equivalently, slowness). Sources of information on the slowness field include sonic logs and traveltime vs. depth picks from checkshots. We must combine the information from these different data sets and extrapolate it to all locations in a 3‐D slowness cube in order to model the uncertainty in the 3‐D seismic image. We present Bayesian inversion as a framework for incorporating multiple data sets and their associated uncertainty into a 3‐D stochastic model of slowness. We restrict ourselves to situations where the geology is laterally smooth and most uncertainty lies in the depth conversion. This allows us to avoid expensive re‐migration for multiple slowness models and concentrate on uncertainty in depth conversion and how it translates into uncertainty on a picked structure. We present a Monte Carlo method for converting the uncertainty in the slowness field to spatial uncertainty on picked horizons. We further present another method for choosing a location for optimal future well placement.
Characterization of alien-NEXT in 10Gbase-T systems (2006)

The latest proposed Ethernet standard is 10GBASE-T or 10 Gigabit Ethernet, which achieves a data rate of 10 Gigabits per second (Gbps). This is intended to meet the ever-increasing demand for data rate and bandwidth. The high frequencies involved in the 10GBASE-T standard give rise to a new type of crosstalk in data cables, which was not an issue in earlier lower data rate Ethernet standards. This has been named alien near-end crosstalk (ANEXT). ANEXT has been predicted to be one of the major impairments for 10GBASE-T systems. An innovative technique to measure ANEXT in 10 Gigabit Ethernet systems is proposed in this paper. A novel model for ANEXT is developed on the basis of measurement data obtained from experiments performed in a laboratory environment. Experiments were also performed to measure ANEXT at the connectors for which a separate set up using patch panels was employed. The measurement results of the different experiments were used to design the proposed model for ANEXT. Several characteristics of ANEXT are also proposed.
Improved differential Ka band dielectrometer based on the wave propagation in a quartz cylinder surrounded by high loss liquid under test (2011)

The differential dielectrometer was designed to measure small differences in complex permittivity (CP) of two high loss liquids at frequency 32.82 GHz. The measurements are fully computer-aided with the exception of liquids filling and draining in the measurement cells. The time of one measurement cycle does not exceed 3 min. The dielectrometer is easy-to-work and can be used under the conditions of scientific and industrial physical–chemical laboratories. The sensitivity of the difference in the phase coefficients of the electromagnetic waves propagated in the measurement cells is better than 0.05% and that of the attenuation coefficient is of the order of 0.2%. The dielectrometer contains two measurement cells that are dielectric quartz cylinders surrounded by high loss liquids. We developed the CP calculation algorithm using the known CP of the reference liquid and the difference coefficients of complex wave propagation in the cells. The origins of the measurement errors are studied in detail and recommendations were made to avoid some of them. The dielectrometer can be used to express the identification of wine and must authenticity by means of their CP values. The CP measurement results for solutions of some substances that make wine and must composition are obtained. The possibility of using the dielectrometer for the detection of added water in wines or musts is shown.
Microtubule assembly is regulated by externally applied strain in cultured smooth muscle cells (1998)

Mechanical forces clearly regulate the development and phenotype of a variety of tissues and cultured cells. However, it is not clear how mechanical information is transduced intracellularly to alter cellular function. Thermodynamic modeling predicts that mechanical forces influence microtubule assembly, and hence suggest microtubules as one potential cytoskeletal target for mechanical signals. In this study, the assembly of microtubules was analyzed in rat aortic smooth muscle cells cultured on silicon rubber substrates exposed to step increases in applied strain. Cytoskeletal and total cellular protein fractions were extracted from the cells following application of the external strain, and tubulin levels were quantified biochemically via a competitive ELISA and western blotting using bovine brain tubulin as a standard. In the first set of experiments, smooth muscle cells were subjected to a step-increase in strain and the distribution of tubulin between monomeric, polymeric, and total cellular pools was followed with time. Microtubule mass increased rapidly following application of the strain, with a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in microtubule mass from 373+/-32 pg/cell (t=0) to 514+/-30 pg/cell (t=15 minutes). In parallel, the amount of soluble tubulin decreased approximately fivefold. The microtubule mass decreased after 1 hour to a value of 437+/-24 pg/cell. In the second set of experiments, smooth muscle cells were subjected to increasing doses of externally applied strain using a custom-built strain device. Monomeric, polymeric, and total tubulin fractions were extracted after 15 minutes of applied strain and quantified as for the earlier experiments. Microtubule mass increased with increasing strain while total cellular tubulin levels remained essentially constant at all strain levels. These findings are consistent with a thermodynamic model which predicts that microtubule assembly is promoted as a cell is stretched and compressional loads on the microtubules are presumably relieved. Furthermore, these data suggest microtubules are a potential target for translating changes in externally applied mechanical stimuli to alterations in cellular phenotype.
« Langue », « culture » et « identité » (2009)

Voici trois termes qui sont le plus souvent déclinés au singulier. La tradition monolingue de la France est en partie héritée de la Révolution française, période durant laquelle est né un lien d’inhérence entre langue et nation (Thiesse, 1999), supposant qu’à travers une seule et unique langue nationale, la République serait, par là-même, « une et indivisible ». Il n’y aurait qu’une identité nationale, une culture française véhiculée notamment par la langue française. Or, si la seule langue n...
Synthesis and crystal structures of [C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>SC(S)NNa·3P(NMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>O·NaN(S)CSC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>] and [C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>SC(S)NLi·pmdien](pmdien =N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine): alkali-metal amides from 2-sulfanylbenzothiazole (1995)

Reaction of 2-sulfanylbenzothiazole with MBun(M = Li or Na) in the presence of the Lewis-base donors Me2NCH2CH2NMeCH2CH2NMe2(pmdien) and P(NMe2)3O gave, respectively, the monomer [[graphic omitted]Li·pmdien] and the dimer [[graphic omitted]Na·3P(NMe2)3O·Na[graphic omitted]H4], the structures of which have been determined by X-ray crystallography. In common with other structurally characterised sulfanylbenzothiazolate complexes, both the five-co-ordinate metal cations are involved in bridged bonding with the exocyclic S and the amido N. The amido N+–M– is the formal bond making these two structures amide rather than thiolate complexes. In the sodium complex this is clear [N-Na 2.46(1)Å], however, in the lithium case the Li-N bond is exceptionally long [amido N-Li 2.14(1)Å], but an analysis of the bond lengths within the sulfanylbenzothiazolate moiety verifies its amido nature. The two complexes also show rare secondary bonding of the exocyclic S atoms by the alkali-metal cations, exo-S–Li 2.73(1) and exo-S–Na 2.995(1) and 2.951(7)Å.
The First Kinetic Evidence for Acid Catalysis in a Monocyclic Rearrangement of Heterocycles:  Conversion of the <i>Z</i>-Phenylhydrazone of 5-Amino-3-benzoyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole into <i>N</i>,5-Diphenyl-2<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylurea (2002)

The title reaction has been studied in dioxane/water in a large (0.1-14.9) pS+ range, evidencing, together with an uncatalyzed process at intermediate (3.5-8.0) pS+ values, the occurrence of a catalyzed pathway both in the acidic (pS+ 0.1-3.5) and in the basic region (pS+ 8.0-14.9): specific-acid catalysis and general-base catalysis, respectively, have been found to take place by means of kinetic investigations at different buffer concentrations. Mechanisms for the three pathways have been advanced on the grounds of structural features. In a comparison with previous data particular attention has been paid to the acid-catalyzed pathway, herein observed for the first time in an azole-to-azole interconversion. The mechanistic hypotheses seem well supported by ab initio calculations.
Kinetics of the Degradation of 1,4-Dioxane Using Persulfate (2007)

Abstract. The kinetics of oxidation of 1,4-dioxane by persulfate ions in aqueous media was investigated at different temperature, oxidant concentration and pH. Experimental results indicated that 1,4-dioxane degradation follows a pseudo-first-order decay model. Under the experimental conditions the reaction has an activation energy of 21.0 kcal/mol. Temperature and persulfate concentration significantly accelerate the 1,4 dioxane degradation, however, increasing pH (over the range of 3-11) decreased the rate.
Identifying the third dimension in 2D fluoroscopy to create 3D cardiac maps (2016)

Three-dimensional cardiac mapping is important for optimal visualization of the heart during cardiac ablation for the treatment of certain arrhythmias. However, many hospitals and clinics worldwide cannot afford the high cost of the current mapping systems. We set out to determine if, using predefined algorithms, comparable 3D cardiac maps could be created by a new device that relies on data generated from single-plane fluoroscopy and patient recording and monitoring systems, without the need for costly equipment, infrastructure changes, or specialized catheters. The study included phantom and animal experiments to compare the prototype test device, Navik 3D, with the existing CARTO 3 System. The primary endpoint directly compared: (a) the 3D distance between the Navik 3D-simulated ablation location and the back-projected ground truth location of the pacing and mapping catheter electrode, and (b) the same distance for CARTO. The study's primary objective was considered met if the 95% confidence lower limit was greater than 0.75% for the Navik 3D-CARTO difference between the 2 distances, or less than or equal to 2 mm. Study results showed that the Navik 3D performance was equivalent to the CARTO system, and that accurate 3D cardiac maps can be created using data from equipment that already exists in all electrophysiology labs.
Medullary N-type and P/Q-type calcium channels contribute to neuropathy-induced allodynia (2005)

The present study was designed to determine the contribution of N-type, P/Q-type and L-type calcium channels in the rostral ventromedial medulla to tactile allodynia following peripheral nerve injury. L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation in rats produced tactile allodynia, which was dose-dependently inhibited by intrarostral ventromedial medulla microinjection of the N-type calcium channel antagonist omega-conotoxin MVIIA. Similarly, intrarostral ventromedial medulla microinjection of the P/Q-type calcium channel antagonist omega-agatoxin IVA inhibited spinal nerve ligation-induced tactile allodynia, whereas intrarostral ventromedial medulla microinjection of the L-type calcium channel antagonist nimodipine had no effect. These results demonstrate that N-type and P/Q-type calcium channels in the rostral ventromedial medulla contribute to tactile allodynia following peripheral neuropathy, likely via neurotransmitter-mediated activation of descending facilitatory systems from the rostral ventromedial medulla.
APPLICATION OF ANFIS CONTROLLER TO 3-LEVEL NPC BASED APF TO IMPROVE POWER QUALITY (2020)

Nowadays, the improvement of power quality is the major concern in power system scenario. As per literature analysis so far a huge number of technique implemented to improve power quality of the system. Out of these, the FACTS controllers plays a key role. This paper is presents a concept of series and shunt active filters implemented with 3-level inverters to reduce the harmonic distortions. The series active filter control structure is implemented with system and load voltages, the reference currents required for shunt active filter is implemented using PQ-control theory. To get better improvement of power quality and harmonic distortion, the series and shunt controllers are implemented with ANFIS controller. This proposed system is tested and verified in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Human herpesvirus 6 infects the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients in the early stages of the disease (2004)

The presence and the replicative state of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) were evaluated in clinical samples from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients at the first time of MS diagnosis. HHV-6 variant B was present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 5/32 (15%) patients, but persisted with a latent infection. Viral sequences were present also in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), both free in the liquid (7/32, 22%) and latent in the cellular fraction (3/32, 9%), as shown by analysis of viral transcription. In these cases, variant A was detected. HHV-6 DNA sequences present in the CSF were associated to mature viral particles. In fact, in vitro infectious assays of CSF showed the presence of replication-competent virions. These results show that about 20% of MS patients have active foci of HHV-6 variant A infection in the early stages of the disease and suggest that viral replication takes place within the central nervous system.