gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bioequivalence Study of Oral Controlled‐Release Morphine Using Naltrexone Blockade (1995)

Twenty-three normal volunteers who received morphine sulphate (MS Contin) with naltrexone completed this randomized, analytically blinded, two-way crossover comparison of the bioavailability of one 200-mg oral controlled-release morphine sulfate tablet with two 100-mg MSC tablets. Morphine effects were blocked by three 100-mg doses of naltrexone. The first dose of naltrexone was given 24 hours before MSC dosing, followed by a second dose at the time of MSC dosing and a third dose 24 hours after MSC administration. Compared with two 100-mg MSC tablets, the 200-mg tablet was 96% bioavailable (90% confidence interval, 88.14-105.74%). The 90% confidence intervals for mean Cmax and AUC0-24 for one 200-mg MSC tablet were within +/- 20% of the Cmax and AUC0-24 of two 100-mg tablets, indicating the two dosage forms are bioequivalent. Single 200-mg doses of MSC given with the naltrexone blockade were generally well tolerated, and adverse effects were similar to those reported for naltrexone alone and for lower doses of morphine without naltrexone. Naltrexone proved safe and effective in blocking the effects of controlled-release morphine, permitting bioequivalence studies of a high dose of morphine in normal volunteers.
Traffic monitoring and modeling for Intersection Safety (2010)

The INTERSAFE-2 project aims to develop and demonstrate a Cooperative Intersection Safety System that is able to significantly reduce injury and fatal accidents at intersections. The cooperative sensor data fusion is based on state-of-the-art and advanced on-board sensors for object recognition and relative localisation, a standard navigation map and information from other road users, infrastructure sensors and traffic lights. We created a traffic safety model for the INTERSAFE-2 system. The system incorporates a high level fusion module and local dynamic maps database that store static intersection topology. Furthermore, risk assessment from the infrastructure side has been performed in order to detect potentially dangerous situations, and to determine when the system should give a warning in order to prevent a possible collision. To evaluate the safety algorithm, video sequences of two intersections in Helsinki are used, which were processed with a generic tool for image processing and traffic monitoring.
Protein Transduction Domains and their Utility in Gene Therapy (2003)

Protein transduction domains (PTDs, sometimes termed cell permeable proteins (CPP) or membrane translocating sequences (MTS)) are small peptides that are able to ferry much larger molecules into cells independent of classical endocytosis. This property makes PTDs ideal tools to transfer proteins and other molecules into living cells for research purposes. The mechanism by which this internalization takes place is poorly understood. It is evident, however, that many known PTDs bind to the same surface molecules (Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans, HSPG) before internalization, and that internalization is dependent on these molecules. PTDs, although at this moment mainly used for the chemical or bacterial production of membrane permeable proteins can become powerful tools for gene therapy. By incorporating a PTD in the therapeutic gene product, the protein produced in the transfected cell might be enabled to spread to non-transfected cells, thereby creating an increased therapeutic effect. In this review, we give an overview of PTDs that may be useful for gene therapy applications, and discuss some of the problems that can be expected when incorporating PTDs in gene therapy approaches.
Les contrats et stages aidés : un profit à moyen terme pour les participants ? Les exemples du CIE, du CES et du Sife ; suivi des commentaires de Denis Fougère, de Valentine Henrard et Cyril Nouveau (2007)

Arbeitsbeschaffungsmaßnahmen: welcher mittelfristige Nutzen für die Teilnehmer? Beispiele: CIE, CES und Sife Für die öffentliche Beschäftigungspolitik werden beträchtliche Finanzmittel bereitgestellt, weshalb es unerlässlich ist, deren Effizienz zu messen. Die Statistikstelle des Arbeitsministeriums (Dares) stellte deshalb anhand der Erhebung „Panel der Nutznießer der Beschäftigungspolitik" relevante Daten zusam­ men. In vorliegender Studie wird die Wirksamkeit eines Solidaritätsbeschäftigungsvertrags (CES, Verrichtung gemeinnütziger Arbeit in Teilzeit), einer Arbeitsfördermaßnahme für Langzeitarbeitslose (CIE) oder eines Praktikums zur Eingliederung und Berufsausbildung (Sife) gemessen und die Rückkehr zur Beschäftigung älterer Begünstigter, die zwischen Ende 1997 und Mitte 1999 bis Ende 1999 gefördert wurden, mit einer Kontrollgruppe von förderungswür­ digen Arbeitsuchenden verglichen. Eine Korrektur der Auswahlverzerrungen erfolgt durch Vergleich der Population der Begünstigten mit der Kontrollgruppe. Diese basiert auf Variablen, die die Teilnahme an diesen Maßnahmen (familiäres Umfeld, frühere Berufslaufbahn, aber auch Lebensverhältnisse und finanzielle Lage) beeinflussen. Die Analyse der bis März 2003 erhalte¬ nen Antworten zeigt, dass der CIE im Hinblick auf die Rückkehr zur Beschäftigung und die Verbesserung des Lebensniveaus effizient ist, wohingegen der CES und die Eingliederungspraktika die Laufbahn der Begünstigten verglichen mit den Kontrollgruppe kaum verbessern. Für die Personen zwischen 26 und 49 Jahren wirkt sich ein CES gemessen an der Berufslaufbahn der Kontrollgruppe dennoch positiv aus.
Hybrid and particle-in-cell models of a stationary plasma thruster (2000)

Stationary Plasma Thrusters (SPTs) are ion sources used for satellite propulsion. They operate at low gas density and the electrons are confined by a magnetic field perpendicular to the discharge axis. Experimental observations and recent simulations (hybrid models) based on a simple description of electron transport have shown that SPTs are subject to strong current oscillations due to ionization instabilities. In this paper we present comparisons between the predictions of the simple hybrid model and those from a more detailed PIC-MCC (particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collisions) simulations. The good qualitative agreement between hybrid and PIC models confirms the interpretation of the low-frequency oscillations deduced from our previous work.
Carbon nanotubes as masks against ion irradiation: An insight from atomistic simulations (2002)

Recent experiments show that carbon nanotubes can be used as masks against ion irradiation to make metallic nanowires of a few nanometers in width. In order to ascertain the limitations of this technique, we use molecular dynamics and simulate ion irradiation of multiwalled nanotubes. We derive an equation which for a given nanowire material allows one to estimate the theoretical limit on the minimum width of the wire which can be made using this technique.
Efficient local type inference (2008)

Inference of static types for local variables in Java bytecode is the first step of any serious tool that manipulates bytecode, be it for decompilation, transformation or analysis. It is important, therefore, to perform that step as accurately and efficiently as possible. Previous work has sought to give solutions with good worst-case complexity. We present a novel algorithm, which is optimised for the common case rather than worst-case performance. It works by first finding a set of minimal typings that are valid for all assignments, and then checking whether these minimal typings satisfy all uses. Unlike previous algorithms, it does not explicitly build a data structure of type constraints, and it is easy to implement efficiently. We prove that the algorithm produces a typing that is both sound (obeying the rules of the language) and as tight as possible. We then go on to present extensive experiments, comparing the results of the new algorithm against the previously best known method. The experiments include bytecode that is generated in other ways than compilation of Java source. The new algorithm is always faster, typically by a factor 6, but on some real benchmarks the gain is as high as a factor of 92. Furthermore, whereas that previous method is sometimes suboptimal, our algorithm always returns a tightest possible type. We also discuss in detail how we handle primitive types, which is a difficult issue due to the discrepancy in their treatment between Java bytecode and Java source. For the application to decompilation, however, it is very important to handle this correctly.
Continuous Right Ventricular Volume Assessment by Catheter Measurement of Impedance for Antitachycardia System Control (1989)

Current implantable defibrillators are unable to differentiate between hemodynamically stable and unstable arrhythmias. This may result in unnecessary high energy shocks during arrhythmias that are better managed with other interventions. This study assessed the efficacy of the impedance catheter in sensing relative volumetric changes in the right ventricle as a measure of the hemodynamic status during an arrhythmia. During electrophysiological testing, 37 arrhythmias were induced in 12 patients aged 28-74 years. Rhythms recorded were: (A) hemodynamically stable tachyarrhythmias (supraventricular tachycardia and sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia)--21 episodes; and (B) hemodynamically unstable ventricular arrhythmias causing syncope (hypotensive ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation)--16 episodes. During unstable arrhythmias, stroke impedance (32 +/- 17%), arterial systolic pressure (40 +/- 11%), and right ventricular pulse pressure (15 +/- 20%), expressed as percentages of corresponding sinus rhythm values, were significantly lower than in stable arrhythmias (84 +/- 26%, 72 +/- 8%, and 111 +/- 37%, respectively); P less than 0.001. There was a good correlation between stroke impedance and mean arterial pressure during arrhythmia (r = 0.84). Impedance sensing is a practical method for distinguishing between hemodynamically stable and unstable arrhythmias. Implementation of hemodynamic sensing into the algorithm of future antitachycardia systems may improve the management of arrhythmias by adding options for selective pace termination or cardioversion.
Coded modulation of polarization- and space-multiplexed signals (2011)

In this Paper we investigate the optimization of constellations for polarization-division multiplexed transmission in standard single-mode fiber systems and for space-division multiplexing in a multi-mode fiber system.
Efficacy of a 3C-like protease inhibitor in treating various forms of acquired feline infectious peritonitis (2017)

Objectives The safety and efficacy of the 3C-like protease inhibitor GC376 was tested on a cohort of client-owned cats with various forms of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Methods Twenty cats from 3.3-82 months of age (mean 10.4 months) with various forms of FIP were accepted into a field trial. Fourteen cats presented with wet or dry-to-wet FIP and six cats presented with dry FIP. GC376 was administered subcutaneously every 12 h at a dose of 15 mg/kg. Cats with neurologic signs were excluded from the study. Results Nineteen of 20 cats treated with GC376 regained outward health within 2 weeks of initial treatment. However, disease signs recurred 1-7 weeks after primary treatment and relapses and new cases were ultimately treated for a minimum of 12 weeks. Relapses no longer responsive to treatment occurred in 13 of these 19 cats within 1-7 weeks of initial or repeat treatment(s). Severe neurologic disease occurred in 8/13 cats that failed treatment and five cats had recurrences of abdominal lesions. At the time of writing, seven cats were in disease remission. Five kittens aged 3.3-4.4 months with wet FIP were treated for 12 weeks and have been in disease remission after stopping treatment and at the time of writing for 5-14 months (mean 11.2 months). A sixth kitten was in remission for 10 weeks after 12 weeks of treatment, relapsed and is responding to a second round of GC376. The seventh was a 6.8-year-old cat with only mesenteric lymph node involvement that went into remission after three relapses that required progressively longer repeat treatments over a 10 month period. Side effects of treatment included transient stinging upon injection and occasional foci of subcutaneous fibrosis and hair loss. There was retarded development and abnormal eruption of permanent teeth in cats treated before 16-18 weeks of age. Conclusions and relevance GC376 showed promise in treating cats with certain presentations of FIP and has opened the door to targeted antiviral drug therapy.
Expression of cellulose synthase-like ( <i>Csl</i> ) genes in insect cells reveals that <i>CslA</i> family members encode mannan synthases (2005)

Glucuronoarabinoxylan, xyloglucan, and galactomannan are noncellulosic polysaccharides found in plant cell walls. All consist of beta-linked glycan backbones substituted with sugar side chains. Although considerable progress has been made in characterizing the structure of these polysaccharides, little is known about the biosynthetic enzymes that produce them. Cellulose synthase-like (Csl) genes are hypothesized to encode Golgi-localized beta-glycan synthases that polymerize the backbones of noncellulosic polysaccharides. To investigate this hypothesis, we used heterologous expression in Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells to systematically analyze the functions of the gene products of a group of Csl genes from Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa L.), including members from five Csl gene families (CslA, CslC, CslD, CslE, and CslH). Our analyses indicate that several members of the CslA gene family encode beta-mannan synthases. Recombinant CslA proteins produce beta-linked mannan polymers when supplied GDP-mannose. The same proteins can produce beta-linked glucomannan heteropolymers when supplied both GDP-mannose and GDP-glucose. One CslA protein also produced beta-linked glucan polymers when supplied GDP-glucose alone. Heterologous expression studies of additional candidate glycan synthases in insect cells or other systems may help identify other noncellulosic polysaccharide biosynthetic enzymes.
Globe‐trotting Hydrogens on the Surface of the Fullerene Compound C<sub>60</sub>H<sub>6</sub>(N(CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub> (1991)

The [1,5] sigmatropic migration of hydrogen in the adduct between buckminsterfullerene C 60 and morpholine (Hmorph) is fast at −25°C already. Elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry all support the formulation of the adduct as C 60 H 6 (morph) 6 . The amine is covalently added to six pyracylene units. The small activation barrier to the migration is astounding, especially as large changes in the C 60 framework are involved.
Lithography process control using in-line metrology (2012)

High volume semiconductor manufacturing yields require that critical resist feature profile is continually controlled for uniformity and centering. One reason is the small working distance of high numerical aperture lenses. Indeed, reducing process windows require more precise dimensional control. The variation of the critical dimensions can generally be attributed to the lack of the focus and/or dose control. A methodology to control the two lithographic parameters and to construct a focus and dose budget for all components (tool, layer, resist, and reticle) has been developed. This paper presents a run-to-run control called FDO1 (Focus Dose Optimization) using in-line CD metrology. We have confirmed that this method controls the photoresist shape and the photoresist width accurately and reduces the CD variation for 28 nm devices by 50%.
A Novel Structurally Stable Multiepitope Protein for Detection of HCV (2016)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as the major pathogen of liver diseases in recent years leading to worldwide blood-transmitted chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Accurate diagnosis for differentiation of hepatitis C from other viruses is thus of pivotal importance for proper treatment. In this work we developed a recombinant multiepitope protein (rMEHCV) for hepatitis C diagnostic purposes based on conserved and immunodominant epitopes from core, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5 regions of the virus polyprotein of genotypes 1a, 1b, and 3a, the most prevalent genotypes in South America (especially in Brazil). A synthetic gene was designed to encode eight epitopes in tandem separated by a flexible linker and bearing a his-tag at the C-terminal end. The recombinant protein was produced in Escherichia coli and purified in a single affinity chromatographic step with >95% purity. Purified rMEHCV was used to perform an ELISA which showed that the recombinant protein was recognized by IgG and IgM from human serum samples. The structural data obtained by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that rMEHCV is a highly thermal stable protein at neutral and alkaline conditions. Together, these results show that rMEHCV should be considered an alternative antigen for hepatitis C diagnosis.
A software development kit for dependable applications in embedded systems (2002)

In this paper we present DSDK/sup 1/, a Dependable Software Development Kit designed to support the software engineer in releasing dependable applications for embedded systems, starting from either commercial or native software. The proposed kit integrates four different tools: RECCO, a source-to-source compiler able to transform any C/C++ native source code in a more dependable version of the same code, WRAP a tool able to wrap executable software modules and transparently enhance their dependability characteristic, EXEM, an external world and device emulator fool, and BOND, a powerful Fault Injection environment able to emulate the occurrence of different types of faults in the system and to evaluate the dependability properties of the overall system. Experimental results gathered on an embedded system running Embedded NT OS demonstrate the effectiveness and the flexibility of the tool.
N-3 Fatty Acid Rich Triglyceride Emulsions Are Neuroprotective after Cerebral Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in Neonatal Mice (2013)

We questioned if acute administration of n-3 fatty acids (FA) carried in n-3 rich triglyceride (TG) emulsions provides neuroprotection in neonatal mice subjected to hypoxic-ischemic (H/I) brain injury. We examined specificity of FA, optimal doses, and therapeutic windows for neuroprotection after H/I. H/I insult was induced in C57BL/6J 10-day-old mice by right carotid artery ligation followed by exposure to 8% O(2) for 15 minutes at 37°C. Intraperitoneal injection with n-3-rich TG emulsions, n-6 rich TG emulsions or saline for control was administered at different time points before and/or after H/I. In separate experiments, dose responses were determined with TG containing only docosahexaenoic acid (Tri-DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (Tri-EPA) with a range of 0.1-0.375 g n-3 TG/kg, administered immediately after H/I insult. Infarct volume and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured. Treatment with n-3 TG emulsions both before- and after- H/I significantly reduced total infarct volume by a mean of 43% when administered 90 min prior to H/I and by 47% when administered immediately after H/I. In post-H/I experiments Tri-DHA, but not Tri-EPA exhibited neuroprotective effects with both low and high doses (p<0.05). Moreover, delayed post-H/I treatment with Tri-DHA significantly decreased total infarct volume by a mean of 51% when administered at 0 hr, by 46% at 1 hr, and by 51% at 2 hr after H/I insult. No protective effect occurred with Tri-DHA injection at 4 hr after H/I. There were no n-3 TG related differences in CBF. A significant reduction in brain tissue death was maintained after Tri-DHA injection at 8 wk after the initial brain injury. Thus, n-3 TG, specifically containing DHA, is protective against H/I induced brain infarction when administered up to 2 hr after H/I injury. Acute administration of TG-rich DHA may prove effective for treatment of stroke in humans.
Generation of a Precise Roadway Map for Autonomous Cars (2014)

This paper proposes a map generation algorithm for a precise roadway map designed for autonomous cars. The roadway map generation algorithm is composed of three steps, namely, data acquisition, data processing, and road modeling. In the data acquisition step, raw trajectory and motion data for map generation are acquired through exploration using a probe vehicle equipped with GPS and on-board sensors. The data processing step then processes the acquired trajectory and motion data into roadway geometry data. GPS trajectory data are unsuitable for direct roadway map use by autonomous cars due to signal interruptions and multipath; therefore, motion information from the on-board sensors is applied to refine the GPS trajectory data. A fixed-interval optimal smoothing theory is used for a refinement algorithm that can improve the accuracy, continuity, and reliability of road geometry data. Refined road geometry data are represented into the B-spline road model. A gradual correction algorithm is proposed to accurately represent road geometry with a reduced amount of control parameters. The developed map generation algorithm is verified and evaluated through experimental studies under various road geometry conditions. The results show that the generated roadway map is sufficiently accurate and reliable to utilize for autonomous driving.
Adaptive bandwidth DLLs and PLLs using regulated supply CMOS buffers (2002)

A technique for designing DLLs and PLLs using CMOS buffers with a regulated supply is presented. By scaling the charge pump current and the output resistance of the regulating amplifier, the proposed loops achieve a wide bandwidth that tracks the operating frequency, a constant damping factor, large operating range and low noise sensitivity. Prototype loops designed in 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS processes exhibit >10x operating range and less than 1% input tracking jitter.
Heat capacity and entropy changes in processes involving proteins. (1977)

Six possible sources of the large heat capacity and entropy changes frequently observed for processes involving proteins are identified. Of these the conformational, hydrophobic, and vibrational effects seem likely to be of greatest importance. A method is proposed for estimating the magnitudes of the hydrophobic and vibrational contributions. Application of this method to several protein processes appears to achieve significant clarification of previously confusing and apparently contradictory data.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Homogeneous Thiol‐Linked NHC*‐Au‐Albumin and ‐Trastuzumab Bioconjugates (2018)

Targeted delivery of potent cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells minimizes systemic toxicity and several side effects. NHC*-Au-Cl has already been proven to be a potent anticancer agent. In this study, we explore a strategy based on chemoselective cysteine conjugation of NHC*-Au-Cl to albumin and trastuzumab (Thiomab LC-V205C) to potentiate drug-ligand ratio, pharmacokinetics, as well as drug efficacy and safety. This strategy is a step forward towards the use of gold-based anticancer agents as targeted therapies.
1082. Phenolic constituents of Vaccinium vitis idaea L (1964)

E. Haslam, M. O. Naumann and G. Britton, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 5649 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640005649
High Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Metal-Free Indoline Dyes (2004)

We now report metal-free organic dyes having a new type of indoline structure, which exhibits high efficiencies in dye-sensitized solar cells. The solar energy to current conversion efficiencies with the new indoline dye was 6.51%. Under the same conditions, the N3 dye was 7.89% and the N719 dye was 8.26%. The new indoline dye was optimized for the amount of 4-tert-butyl pyridine in the electrolyte and cholic acid as a coadsorbent. Subsequently, the solar energy to current conversion efficiencies reached 8.00%. This value was the highest obtained efficiency for dye-sensitized solar cells based on metal-free organic dyes without an antireflection layer.