gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Bacteriophage Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Characteristics, and Fecal Microbial Shedding in Growing Pigs (2012)

A total of 144 ((Duroc×Yorkshire)×Landrace)) pigs with an average initial BW of 28.85±0.63 kg were used in this 6-wk growth trial. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments in a completely random block design. Each dietary treatment consisted of 9 replicate pens, with 4 pigs per replicate. Dietary treatments included: i) NC (basal diet), ii) PC (NC+apramycin 0.5 g/kg), iii) BPT1 (NC+bacteriophage 0.25 g/kg) and iv) BPT2 (NC+bacteriophage 0.5 g/kg). The inclusion of antibiotics and bacteriophages did not affect the (p>0.05) ADG, ADFI and G:F compared with the basal diet. Dietary antibiotics and bacteriophages supplementation led to a higher (p<0.05) DM digestibility than the NC treatment. Pigs fed the bacteriophage supplemented diet increased (p<0.05) the N digestibility compared with those fed NC treatment. Supplementation of antibiotics led to a higher (p<0.05) energy digestibility than the NC treatment. No difference (p>0.05) was observed in the RBC, WBC, lymphocyte concentration and fecal moisture among treatments. Pigs fed PC and BPT2 treatments reduced (p<0.05) the E. coli concentration compared with those fed NC treatment. The inclusion of BPT2 treatment led to a higher (p<0.05) lactobacillus concentration compared with NC and PC treatment. Dietary antibiotic and bacteriophage supplementation reduced (p<0.05) the Salmonella concentration compared with NC treatment. In conclusion, our study suggested that bacteriophage at the level of 0.5 g/kg could be used as an antibiotics alternative for growing pigs.
Opportunistic infections in relation to CD4 level among HIV seropositive patients from central Nepal. (2010)

CD4 cells status of HIV patients provides one of the benchmarks against the progression of HIV/AIDS. Regular investigation of opportunistic infection in HIV patients is one of the major components of HIV/AIDS care and support service. Between October 2007 and May 2008, a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital with an objective to find the relationship between CD4 level and opportunistic infections. After taking informed consent pre-structured questionnaire was filled and specimens were collected to investigate major opportunistic infections (OIs) as per standard microbiological procedure. All the information were entered into SPSS 11.5 system and analyzed. Of the 150 patients, 100 (66.7%) were males and 50 (33.3%) were females. The age group 21-30 years was predominant (42.7%) followed by 31-40 years (42%). Oral candidiasis was found to be the predominant OIs (32.0%) followed by streptococcal pneumonia (28.7%), Salmonella infection (20.7%), cryptosporidial infection (19.3%) and tuberculosis (10.0%). Significant relationship could be established between low CD4 count (<200) and the appearance of oral candidiasis (/2=9.16, p<0.05) but no such relationship could be established regarding other OIs. So, it can be concluded that appearance of oral candidiasis is the strong evidence of advanced stage of HIV infection.
Mechanisms of Electrophoretic Deposition (2006)

There is no single mechanism of electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Just as there are several mechanisms for creating a stable colloidal suspension, there are several mechanisms by which particles can be destabilized to form an adherent deposit at an electrode surface. The goal of this paper is to provide a listing of the mechanisms by which electrophoretic deposition can occur. Several of these mechanisms have already been demonstrated, while others remain speculative. The first step in this process is to provide a clear definition of what exactly EPD is, and, equally important, to clearly distinguish EPD from three other very similar processes: electrostatic coating, electrodeposition, and electrocasting. From this definition a series of logical steps leads to a list of mechanisms by which a stable colloid can be converted to a stable particle compact.
High pressure reveals structural determinants for globin hexacoordination: Neuroglobin and myoglobin cases (2008)

The influence of pressure on the equilibrium between five-(5c) and six-coordination (6c) forms in neuroglobin (Ngb) and myoglobin (Mb) has been examined by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at normal and high pressure. The results show that the main effect of high pressure is to reduce the protein mobility without altering the structure in a significant manner. Moreover, our data suggest that the equilibrium between 5c and 6c states in globins is largely controlled by the structure and dynamics of the C-D region. Finally, in agreement with the available experimental data, the free energy profiles obtained from steered MD for both proteins indicate that high pressure enhances hexacoordination. In Ngb, the shift in equilibrium is mainly related to an increase in the 6c-->5c transition barrier, whereas in Mb such a shift is primarily due to a destabilization of the 5c state.
Design relationships for acousto-optic scanning systems (1992)

We develop the general scanning relationships of an acousto-optic system by using both a purely geometric-optics and a physical-optics approach; each approach provides useful insights into the scanning relationships. The diffraction approach reveals that there are four basic scanning configurations: a long or short chirp scanner, either aperture or repetition-rate limited. The throughput rate for a scanner is always maximized if we use the short-chirp-scanning, repetition-rate-limited mode of operation. The maximum rate may be achieved with other configurations, but at the expense of a decrease in some of the other performance parameters. Examples are given of how these design relationships are used.
Low-loss optical interlayer transfer for three-dimensional optical interconnect (2013)

We demonstrated a vertical optical interlayer transfer device composed of a pair of inverse taper spot-size converters with an insertion loss of 1.8 dB using a CMOS back-end compatible process.
IMM-DSS: intelligent multimedia decision support systems (2002)

This paper presents a new type of decision support system (DSS), the intelligent multimedia decision support system (IMM-DSS). This system is both a DSS and a DSS generator or development tool. It integrates, with synergy, different available computer-based tools. Expert systems (ES) and hypermedia (HM) technologies. Through this synergetic integration the system improves the problem analysis, problem solving and decision making processes. IMM-DSS incorporates text, computer graphics, analog video animation, and sound. It is highly interactive and intuitive. The human problem solver can use it as an enhanced, intelligent, multimedia, and very user-friendly DSS. IMM-DSS uses the hypertext (HT) nonlinear search paradigm, intelligent agents, tele-presence and group-communication software. It combines the total freedom of knowledge searching of HT, with the efficient guidance of an ES. The paper discusses the multiple possible applications of multimedia technology for problem solving and decision making, as well as the principles of the IMM-DSS. The future smart, multimedia DSS is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Localized surface plasmons (2010)

In Chapters 2 to 8 we considered two-dimensional, planar surfaces that support propagating SP modes, and quasi-one-dimensional surfaces like nanowires or nanogrooves that support both propagating and nonpropagating SP modes. In this chapter we consider the quasi-zero-dimensional surfaces for nanoparticles (NPs) and nanoholes. Obviously these surfaces support only localized SP modes. Nevertheless, the richness of the SP phenomena found in these structures has generated a great deal of interest and is finding applications in a variety of areas. A beautiful microscopic image of silver nanoparticles is shown in Fig. 9.1 (see the color figure in the online supplement at www.cambridge.org/9780521767170). The different sizes and shapes of the particles determine the resonant frequencies of the SP modes, resulting in the wide range of colors.
Clustering huge protein sequence sets in linear time (2018)

Metagenomic datasets contain billions of protein sequences that could greatly enhance large-scale functional annotation and structure prediction. Utilizing this enormous resource would require reducing its redundancy by similarity clustering. However, clustering hundreds of millions of sequences is impractical using current algorithms because their runtimes scale as the input set size N times the number of clusters K, which is typically of similar order as N, resulting in runtimes that increase almost quadratically with N. We developed Linclust, the first clustering algorithm whose runtime scales as N, independent of K. It can also cluster datasets several times larger than the available main memory. We cluster 1.6 billion metagenomic sequence fragments in 10 h on a single server to 50% sequence identity, >1000 times faster than has been possible before. Linclust will help to unlock the great wealth contained in metagenomic and genomic sequence databases.
A bedaquiline/clofazimine combination regimen might add activity to the treatment of clinically relevant non-tuberculous mycobacteria (2018)

Following these in vitro data, a bedaquiline/clofazimine combination might add activity to MAB and MAC treatment. The bedaquiline/clarithromycin combination might have lower activity compared with bedaquiline alone for MAC treatment.
Problems of homosexuality. (1957)

Moral, religious and legal attitudes in attempts to control sexual behavior have interfered with a clear view of the medical and psychological aspects of homosexuality. This phenomenon is probably much less destructive of social aspects of our society and culture than is generally believed, since it is actually more widespread than is generally acknowledged. Homosexuality probably has hormonal and undoubtedly social and psychological factors, the latter of which are the only ones which can be worked with successfully in our present state of knowledge. A general practitioner's task is to aid those who wish and need help with this problem in finding psychiatric treatment in the same way that persons with any other emotional disturbance are referred. This should be carried out without bias just as with any other emotional disturbance.
The Influence of Trapped Fluids on High Speed Rotor Vibration (1967)

Fluids are often introduced accidentally and trapped inside of high speed rotors. This has given concern as to the possible deleterious effects of such trapped fluids on the system’s vibration characteristics. Trapped fluids will induce asynchronous vibratory motion of high speed rotors at supercritical rotational speeds. This tendency is examined in analytic detail. Assuming that the circumferential velocity of the trapped fluid varies linearly with radius, the generalized shape of the fluid film is derived. Integrating the fluid pressure on the cavity walls gives the net fluid forces and permits computation of whirl frequency and whirl amplitude as functions of rotative speed. Generalized plots are given of the film geometry, of the rotative speed at which asynchronous whirl starts, and of the induced whirl speed. General response curves are also given, showing whirl amplitude as a function of rotative speed. The detailed results indicate that whirl occurs at a rotative speed approximately double the induced whirl frequency (as happens with many rotor whirl mechanisms). Higher values of the system parameter g result in somewhat lower whirl onset speeds. The whirl velocity is approximately equal to the rotor critical speed, or slightly lower for large masses of trapped fluid. Rotor whirl amplitude increases sharply with rotative speed above onset speed until a limiting condition where the fluid film (and analytic solution) break down, at a rotative speed about 6 percent above onset speed. Trapped fluids will also influence the normal synchronous vibrations induced by rotor unbalance. Analyses of a simple model of synchronous, solid body rotation are made which give exact solutions for the condition of a fully welted cavity periphery, and give approximate solutions for a partially welted periphery. It is concluded that the trapped fluid generally reduces the critical frequency, reduces critical amplitude, and reduces high speed (supercritical) amplitude. The effect is quite small with a partially welted circumference, but is surprisingly large in the case where the periphery of the cavity stays fully welted at maximum vibration amplitude. In this case, the rotor acts as if the cavity were entirely full of fluid, even though actual trapped fluid may fill only a small fraction of the cavity volume! Significant reductions in critical frequencies and amplitude are thereby observed. In the case of systems that are partially welted in going through their resonance peak, a “rightward leaning” resonance peak is observed which results in jump phenomena and hysteresis in amplitude on accelerating and decelerating through the peak.
PCR with Random Primers to Obtain Sequence from Yeast Artificial Chromosome Insert Ends or Plasmids (1996)

A technique that can be used to isolate vector/insert junctions from clones in vectors, such as yeast artificial chromosomes and P1s, and to sequence plasmid inserts more rapidly has been developed. A vector primer is combined with single, randomly chosen oligonucleotides in PCRs, to create pools of products. With 12-24 random primers used in separate reactions, a given insert junction can frequently be isolated. For plasmid inserts, multiple products are created that can be sequenced from their random-primed ends to provide internal coverage for a clone. It is often possible to sequence a significant portion of an insert with one set of reactions. The speed and simplicity of the method in each case and its use of existing techniques and reagents make it appealing.
Outbreak of salmonellosis on a ferry between Sweden and Poland (2002)

During the weekend of 5-7 April, a Chinese style buffet was served to passengers booked on a cruise on the ferry M/S Polonia, which sails a regular route between Sweden and Poland. After the cruise, several of the passengers reported having fallen ill. Around 800 Swedish passengers travelled on the cruise, and to date there have been reports of 352 laboratory verified cases of salmonellosis in people who were on the ferry on 5-7 April.
A METHOD FOR INDUCTION OF POSTERIOR VITREOUS DETACHMENT DURING VITRECTOMY (1992)

Complete surgical removal of the posterior vitreous requires the presence of a posterior vitreous separation from the retina. Although a partial or complete posterior vitreous detachment is usually present before surgery, occasionally this separation must be induced during the course of a pars plana vitrectomy. A simple method for creation of a posterior vitreous detachment during surgery is described. This alternative technique seems to be an efficient and safe method for achieving this important surgical objective.
Precise Frequency Dissemination Using the 19-kHz Pilot Tone on Stereo FM Radio Stations (1974)

A continuous 19-kHz pilot tone is included as part of the modulation format of stereo FM broadcast radio stations. An experiment was performed which measures the stability of the received pilot in urban and rural environments. A mathematical analysis is presented of the phase stability of the received pilot as a function of multipath. It shows that phase changes will exist dependent upon a reflected radio signal's phase lag, relative amplitude, and the modulation index. Data are presented which indicate: 1) phase versus time of the pilot at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) laboratory using a directional yagi and a vertical whip; 2) Allan variance measurements of versus using a directional yagi; and 3) the day-to-day phase delay of the pilot at five urban locations and three rural locations using a vertical whip. With 5 min of averaging time, the delay of the pilot at five urban sites was reproducible to within 2s each day over a five-day period. Delay was reproducible to within 0.8s at three urban sites.
Transient Charging and Relaxation in High-k Gate Dielectrics and Their Implications (2005)

Recent results on device instability indicate that the methodologies developed for electrical characterization of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices with SiO 2 gate dielectric may not be sufficiently accurate for high-k devices. While the physical origin of the instabilities in high-k devices is yet to be identified, it is found that many of the abnormal electrical characteristics of high-k devices can be explained by assuming fast and slow transient chargings in high-k dielectric. In this paper, transient charging effects in high-k gate dielectrics are reviewed and their implications on test methodologies are discussed.
<i> V <sub>DS</sub> </i> voltage capabilities of a diffused j.f.e.t. with a vertical-channel arrangement (1975)

In the letter, it is shown that the VDS voltage limitation in a j.f.e.t. with a vertical-channel arrangement in the off state is due, not to the breakdown voltage of the gate-drain junction, as for a classical j.f.e.t., but to the field-effect lowering of the potential barrier created in the channel by the polarisation of the gate. The analysis is based on the 2-dimensional numerical solution of the general semiconductor equations.
Redox reactions related to indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway (1999)

The heme enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) oxidizes the pyrrole moiety of L-tryptophan (Trp) and other indoleamines and represents the initial and rate-limiting enzyme of the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. IDO is a unique enzyme in that it can utilize superoxide anion radical (O2*- ) as both a substrate and a co-factor. The latter role is due to the ability of O2*- to reduce inactive ferric-IDO to the active ferrous form. Nitrogen monoxide (*NO) and H2O2 inhibit the dioxygenase and various inter-relationships between the nitric oxide synthase- and IDO-initiated amino acid degradative pathways exist. Induction of IDO and metabolism of Trp along the Kyn pathway is implicated in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including anti-microbial and anti-tumor defense, neuropathology, immunoregulation and antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity may arise from O2*- scavenging by IDO and formation of the potent radical scavengers and Kyn pathway metabolites, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine. Under certain conditions, these aminophenols and other Kyn pathway metabolites may exhibit pro-oxidant activities. This article reviews findings indicating that redox reactions are involved in the regulation of IDO and Trp metabolism along the Kyn pathway and also participate in the biological activities exhibited by Kyn pathway metabolites.
Some 2-substituted derivatives of 5-(2-amino-6-hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-5-pyrimidinyl)pentanoic acid (1981)

On condensation of 6-substituted trialkyl esters of 2-carboxy-1,7-heptanedioic acids XIII-XXIII with guanidineand subsequent saponification 2-substituted 5-(2-amino-6-hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-5-pyrimidinyl)pentanoic acids II-XII were prepared. From the pharmacological point of view some of the substances prepared had a potentiating effect on the antileukemia effect of 5-fluorouracil in mice and the antineoplastic effect manifested by a diminution of the tumours in animals with experimental tumours.
Model-based non-negative matrix factorization for single-channel speech separation (2011)

A model-based non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm is formulated for single-channel speech source separation. With linguistic priors of the speech sources, the state-aligned spectral envelopes of these sources are inferred from acoustic models. Being initialized with the computed spectral envelopes, NMF processing is implemented to estimate the spectral envelope trajectory of each source. Subsequently the source speech is generated by reshaping the mixture spectra according to the estimated spectral envelopes, followed by the reduction of interfering harmonic components. An iterative process is developed for more reliable time alignment and hence better performance of separation. Experimental results show that two speech sources with equal intensity can be successfully separated by the proposed algorithm.
Silver ion assisted ring expansions of some geminal dibromobicyclo[n.1.0]alkanes. Evidence for free cationic intermediates (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilver ion assisted ring expansions of some geminal dibromobicyclo[n.1.0]alkanes. Evidence for free cationic intermediatesHubert J. J. Loozen, Jan W. De Haan, and Henk M. BuckCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 3, 418–422Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00423a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00423a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Repression of bacteriophage promoters by DNA and RNA oligonucleotides (1993)

We are interested in creating artificial gene repressors based on duplex DNA recognition by nucleic acids rather than polypeptides. An in vitro model system involving repression of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase initiation has been employed to demonstrate that certain DNA oligonucleotides can repress transcription by site-specific triple-helix formation at two kinds of homopurine operator sequences [Maher, L. J., III, (1992) Biochemistry 31, 7587-7594]. Recognition in the purine motif is based on antiparallel oligonucleotide binding (G.G.C and T.A.T triplets). Recognition in the pyrimidine motif is based on parallel oligonucleotide binding (C+.G.C and T.A.T base triplets). Using this system, we report that the concentration-dependence of repression by DNA oligonucleotides provides triple-helix inhibition constant (Ki) estimates of approximately 2 x 10(-7) M for both purine motif and pyrimidine motif DNA complexes. RNA oligonucleotides are shown to repress promoters overlapping pyrimidine motif operators (Ki = 6 x 10(-7) M), but not purine motif operators. Although competent to hybridize to complementary single strands, RNA oligonucleotides fail to bind the purine motif operator. Partial substitution of deoxyribose residues tends to rescue repressor activity by RNA oligonucleotides in the purine motif. These results suggest prospects for, and constraints on, natural and artificial RNA-based repressors.