gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The mechanical response of TNT and a composite, composition b, of TNT and RDX to compressive stress: I uniaxial stress and fracture (1991)

Abstract The stress strain behavior, compressive strength and Young's modulus of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and a composite (Composition B) of TNT and cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) have been investigated in uniaxial compression as a function of temperature and strain rate. The compressive strengths and the moduli decrease with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. Limited tensile measurements were also made. Failure is by brittle fracture for all conditions investigated and can be explained in terms of the Griffith criteria for fracture. The temperature and strain rate dependence of the compressive strength can be attributed to the dependence of the modulus on these parameters and thermally activated slow subcritical crack growth before fracture.
Parallel multi-step nanolithography by nanoscale Cu-covered h-PDMS tip array (2014)

Tip-based nanolithography provides a flexible nanolithographic technology. Tip fabrication is one of the main challenges. In this paper, we propose to combine the dry etching of photoresist and electro-chemical machining to reduce the size of the tip opening. We successfully fabricate a tip opening with a diameter of 200 nm. After lithography and lift-off, gold dot patterns with a diameter of 280 nm are demonstrated. Moreover, a home-made multi-step exposure system is built and both the successful 14- and 44-step nanolithography by a tip array are also demonstrated in the paper.
Autoregulation of human thymidylate synthase messenger RNA translation by thymidylate synthase. (1991)

Thymidylate synthase (TS; 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.45) is essential for the de novo synthesis of thymidylate, a precursor of DNA. Previous studies have shown that the cellular level of this protein is regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. The regulation of human TS mRNA translation was studied in vitro with a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. The addition of purified human recombinant TS protein to in vitro translation reactions inhibited translation of TS mRNA. This inhibition was specific in that recombinant TS protein had no effect on the in vitro translation of mRNA for human chromogranin A, human folate receptor, preplacental lactogen, or total yeast RNA. The inclusion of dUMP, 5-fluoro-dUMP, or 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate in in vitro translation reactions completely relieved the inhibition of TS mRNA translation by TS protein. Gel retardation assays confirmed a specific interaction between TS protein and its corresponding mRNA but not with unrelated mRNAs, including human placenta, human beta-actin, and yeast tRNA. These studies suggest that translation of TS mRNA is controlled by its own protein end product, TS, in an autoregulatory manner.
RNAIII of the <i>Staphylococcus aureus agr</i> system activates global regulator MgrA by stabilizing mRNA (2015)

RNAIII, the effector of the agr quorum-sensing system, plays a key role in virulence gene regulation in Staphylococcus aureus, but how RNAIII transcriptionally regulates its downstream genes is not completely understood. Here, we show that RNAIII stabilizes mgrA mRNA, thereby increasing the production of MgrA, a global transcriptional regulator that affects the expression of many genes. The mgrA gene is transcribed from two promoters, P1 and P2, to produce two mRNA transcripts with long 5' UTR. Two adjacent regions of the mgrA mRNA UTR transcribed from the upstream P2 promoter, but not the P1 promoter, form a stable complex with two regions of RNAIII near the 5' and 3' ends. We further demonstrate that the interaction has several biological effects. We propose that MgrA can serve as an intermediary regulator through which agr exerts its regulatory function.
Antibodies to Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan enhance antifungal activity of murine macrophages (1995)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the capsular polysaccharide of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans can prolong survival and decrease organ fungal burden in experimental murine cryptococcosis. To investigate the mechanism of antibody-mediated protection, the interaction of C. neoformans and murine macrophage-like J774.16 cells was studied in the presence and absence of MAbs differing in isotype. Immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and IgG2b isotype switch variants were isolated from an IgM hybridoma to complete the IgG subclass set. IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgA MAbs were studied for their ability to promote phagocytosis and reduce the number of CFU in C. neoformans and J774.16 cell cocultures. The MAbs in this set had similar if not identical fine specificities and were derived from a single B cell. All isotypes promoted phagocytosis; however, the IgG subclasses were more effective opsonins than IgM or IgA. All isotypes enhanced J774.16 anti-C. neoformans activity in vitro, as measured by a reduction in the number of CFU. The IgG1 MAbs were consistently more active in promoting opsonization and reducing the number of CFU. Addition of IgG1 MAb to C. neoformans and J774.16 cocultures resulted in rapid reduction in the number of CFU, which is consistent with fungal killing. Electron microscopy revealed that MAb-opsonized C. neoformans cells were internalized and appeared damaged. Administration of IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b isotype switch variant MAbs revealed that the IgG2a and IgG2b subclasses were the most and least effective isotypes, respectively, in prolonging survival in an intraperitoneal murine infection model. The results indicate that murine antibody subclasses differ in their ability to enhance macrophage anti-C. neoformans activity and suggest that antibody enhancement of macrophage function is a mechanism by which antibodies modify infection in vivo.
Selenate reduction by bacteria from a selenium-rich environment (1988)

Samples collected from Kesterson Reservoir were screened for bacterial presence and selenate reduction capability. Selenate concentrations of 100 mg/liter were not toxic to indigenous bacteria. Of the 44 samples collected, 20 possessed microbial populations capable of reducing selenate. Reduction was observed in 4% of the water samples, 92% of the sediment samples, and 100% of the soil samples. Microbial reduction of 100 mg of selenate per liter was complete within 1 week of incubation. Up to 75 mg of selenate per liter was reduced beyond selenite to an insoluble red precipitate. Data collected indicate that indigenous bacteria have a significant role in the biogeochemical cycling of selenium.
Release of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 from DNA/F-actin bundles in cystic fibrosis sputum (2007)

Cationic antibacterial peptides (ABPs) are secreted in the airways and function in the first line of defence against infectious agents. They attack multiple molecular targets to cooperatively penetrate and disrupt microbial surfaces and membrane barriers. Antibacterial properties of ABPs, including cathelicidin LL-37, are reduced in cystic fibrosis (CF) airways as a result of direct interaction with DNA and filamentous (F)-actin. Microscopic evaluation of a mixed solution of DNA and F-actin, after the addition of rhodamine-B-labelled LL-37 peptide, revealed the presence of a bundle structure similar to that present in CF sputum. Analysis of CF sputum after centrifugation showed that LL-37 was mostly bound to components of the pellet fraction containing DNA, F-actin and cell remnants. Factors that dissolve DNA/actin bundles and fluidise CF sputum, such as Dornase alfa (recombinant human DNase I), gelsolin, polyaspartate or their combinations, increased the amount of LL-37 peptide detected in the supernatant of CF sputum. The presence of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in CF sputum and the ability of LPS to inhibit the antibacterial activity of LL-37 suggests that inactivation of LL-37 function in CF sputum partially results from its interaction with LPS. LL-37-LPS interaction was prevented by an LPS-binding protein (LBP)-derived peptide known for its ability to neutralise LPS, whereas LBPW91A, a mutant peptide that lacks ability to bind LPS, had no effect. A combination of factors that dissolve DNA/filamentous-actin aggregates together with lipopolysaccharide-binding agents may represent a potential treatment for the chronic infections that occur in cystic fibrosis airways.
C-Glucuronidation of the Acetylenic Moiety of Ethchlorvynol in the Rabbit (1980)

An acetylenic C-glucuronide of the sedative-hypnotic drug ethchlorvynol was isolated from rabbit urine as the major metabolite. The C-glucuronide represents a novel metabolic pathway for acetylenes and is a rare example of the formation of a carbon-glucuronide bond in mammalian systems.
Color and Contrast Enhancement by Controlled Piecewise Affine Histogram Equalization (2012)

This paper presents a simple contrast enhancement algorithm based on histogram equalization (HE). The proposed algorithm performs a piecewise affine transform of the intensity levels of a digital image such that the new cumulative distribution function will be approximately uniform (as with HE), but where the stretching of the range is locally controlled to avoid brutal noise enhancement. We call this algorithm Piecewise Affine Equalization (PAE). Several experiments show that, in general, the new algorithm improves HE results.
Modulation of ϐ-amyloid production and fibrillization (2001)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in old age and presently affects an estimated 4 million people in the U.S.A. and 0.75 million people in the U.K. It is a relentless, degenerative brain disease, characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. In the final stages of the disease, patients are often bedridden, doubly incontinent and unable to speak or to recognize close relatives. Pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease include extensive neuronal loss and the presence of numerous neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the brain. The senile plaques contain amyloid fibrils derived from a 39-43-amino-acid peptide referred to as beta-amyloid or A beta. The basic theory of the so-called 'amyloid hypothesis' is that the deposition of aggregated forms of A beta in the brain parenchyma triggers a pathological cascade of events that leads to neurofibrillary tangle formation, neuronal loss and the associated dementia [1]. Here we discuss progress towards the identification of inhibitors of A beta production and fibrillization.
Evaluation of Current Controllers for Distributed Power Generation Systems (2009)

This paper discusses the evaluation of different current controllers employed for grid-connected distributed power generation systems having variable input power, such as wind turbines and photovoltaic systems. The focus is mainly set on linear controllers such as proportional-integral, proportional-resonant, and deadbeat (DB) controllers. Additionally, an improved DB controller robust against grid impedance variation is also presented. Since the paper discusses the implementation of these controllers for grid-connected applications, their evaluation is made in three operating conditions. First, in steady-state conditions, the contribution of controllers to the total harmonic distortion of the grid current is pursued. Further on, the behavior of controllers in the case of transient conditions like input power variations and grid voltage faults is also examined. Experimental results in each case are presented in order to evaluate the performance of the controllers.
Subband seismic data compression: optimization and evaluation (2002)

A variable-length subband coder for seismic stack sections is presented. A parallel FIR filter bank is optimized to maximize the coding gain, while securing perfect reconstruction in the absence of quantization, assuming that the correlation properties of stack sections can be modelled by a separable autoregressive process. The entropy coding scheme, based on uniform quantization and dynamic arithmetic coder allocation, is optimized to maximize the rate distortion performance using a memoryless infinite Gaussian mixture distribution model for the subband signals. Comparison to a commercial wavelet based seismic coder shows that the proposed coder performs 30-70% better in terms of bit rate at a given signal-to-noise ratio. A paired comparison test verifies the superiority of the proposed subband coder, showing that the coder provides transparent visual quality at a compression ratio of 90:1.
Harmonic generation in adaptive feedforward cancellation schemes (1994)

The paper investigates the generation of harmonics in adaptive feedforward cancellation schemes. Specifically, it is shown that an algorithm designed to reject a certain number of frequency components may in fact be capable of reducing higher-order harmonics as well. This effect originates in the time-variation of the adaptive parameters. A consequence is that the adaptive system may perform better than the algorithm with the fixed, ideal parameters. Surprisingly, the response to higher-order harmonics can be calculated precisely, using a Laplace transform analysis. The origin of the numerical procedure is in the equivalence between the adaptive feedforward cancellation scheme and a control scheme based on the internal model principle. The implication of the results on design and implementation issues is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular and Virological Effects of Intracellular Anti-Rev Single-Chain Variable Fragments on the Expression of Various Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Strains (1994)

A variety of genetic therapies or intracellular immunization techniques hold promise as modalities to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in vivo. We have recently demonstrated that a single-chain variable fragment (SFv) construct, derived from a monoclonal antibody that binds to the HIV-1 regulatory protein Rev, can be expressed intracellularly and potently inhibits HIV-1 replication. This single-chain intracellular antibody, which avidly binds to the effector domain of Rev, is now demonstrated to dramatically inhibit various diverse laboratory and primary clinical strains of HIV-1. Potent suppression of HIV-1 replication by this modality is maintained over several months in long-term cultures. As well, the intracellular expression of anti-Rev SFv is shown to alter HIV-1 replication by specifically affecting Rev function. Importantly, no alterations in HIV-1 internalization, reverse transcription, or initial transcription of multiply spliced viral mRNAs are demonstrated in SFv-immunized cells, as compared to controls. Thus, these studies extend the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the inhibition of lentivirus replication, by these intracellular antibody constructs.
Dihalogentriphenylphosphorane in der Heterocyclensynthese; 27<sup>1</sup>: Heterokondensierte 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-<i>c</i>]pyrimidine aus Enaminonitrilen via<i>O</i>-Ethylformimide (1993)

Heterocondensed 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines from Enamino Nitriles, via O-Ethylformimides By treatment with triethyl orthoformate the enamino nitriles 1, 6 and 12 are converted into the O-ethylformimides 2, 7 and 13. Reaction with semicarbazide gives the heterocondensed pyrimidines 3, 9 and 14, which are in turn cyclized with dichlorotriphenylphosphorane to afford the 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines 4, 10 and 15; hydrolysis of the iminophosphoranes leads to the free amines 5, 11 and 16.
Matrix Profile XVI: Efficient and Effective Labeling of Massive Time Series Archives (2019)

In domains as diverse as entomology and sports medicine, analysts are routinely required to label large amounts of time series data. In a few rare cases, this can be done automatically with a classification algorithm. In many domains however, complex, noisy, and polymorphic data can defeat state-of-the-art classifiers, yet easily yield to human inspection and annotation. This is especially true if the human can access auxiliary information and previous annotations. This labeling task can be a significant bottleneck in scientific progress. For example, an entomology or sports physiology lab may produce several days worth of time series each day. In this work, we introduce an algorithm that greatly reduces the human effort required. Our interactive algorithm groups subsequences and invites the user to label a group's prototype, brushing the label to all members of the group. Thus, our task reduces to optimizing the grouping(s), to allow our system to ask the fewest questions of the user. As we shall show, on diverse domains, we can reduce the human effort by at least an order of magnitude, with no decrease in accuracy.
Cocaine Increases Actin Cycling: Effects in the Reinstatement Model of Drug Seeking (2006)

Addiction to cocaine is associated with persistent changes in synaptic function. The cycling of actin between polymerized [F (for filamentous)] and depolymerized forms contributes to synaptic plasticity, and acute and withdrawal from repeated cocaine administration produced reversible and enduring elevations, respectively, in F-actin in the nucleus accumbens. Increased F-actin after 3 weeks withdrawal from repeated cocaine resulted from changes in the content or phosphorylation state of actin binding proteins (ABPs) that cosediment with F-actin. The profile of altered APBs was consistent with filopodia formation, including increased mammalian Enabled, phosphorylated (p)-cortactin, and p-vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, and increased actin depolymerization [e.g., reduced LIM (Lin11/Isl-1/Mec3)-kinase and p-cofilin]. In contrast to repeated cocaine, the increase in F-actin after acute cocaine administration resulted from reduced depolymerization and actin cycling. The potential involvement of chronic cocaine-induced increases in actin cycling in cocaine addiction was examined using the reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats previously trained to self-administer cocaine by inhibiting actin polymerization with intra-accumbens latrunculin A or by accelerating actin depolymerization with a LIM-kinase inhibitor. Disrupting actin cycling via either mechanism augmented cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug seeking but did not affect the locomotor response to acute cocaine administration. Thus, withdrawal from repeated cocaine induces a restructuring of actin-ABP complexes, which increases actin cycling and may modulate cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug seeking.
Noise shaped pulse position modulation for RF switch-mode power amplifiers (2011)

Most published research related to RF switch-mode amplifiers has used sigma-delta modulation techniques to generate encoded pulse trains for amplification in the switching stage. A constraint in sigma-delta modulation is that zero-crossings are restricted to occur synchronously with a clock edge in the quantizer. In this paper, the zero crossing constraint is relaxed and a new encoder is analyzed that is based on noise shaped pulse position modulation. A comparison is made between the two encoders. Comparative examples of a fourth order noise shaping loop filter show that coding efficiency is increased by up to 2.1 dB which will directly translate into an improvement in power efficiency in the switch mode amplifier. The work motivates further research into the design of better time encoders for RF switch-mode power amplifier applications.
Ethylene formation from methionine as a method to evaluate oxygen free radical scavenging and metal inactivation by cosmetics (1991)

Synopsis It has been proposed that oxygen free radicals are involved in skin aging. This paper describes a new method for the evaluation of oxygen free radical scavenging by cosmetic products. It is based on the measurement, by gas chromatography, of ethylene produced during the oxidation of methionine by the hydroxyl radical. OH. is produced by an iron catalyzed superoxide-driven Fenton reaction in which superoxide is obtained by photochemical oxygen reduction. The cosmetic is applied, together with methionine, riboflavine, NADH, FeCl(3) and EDTA, on a glass microfibre filter and submitted to UVA exposure through a quartz cell. Ethylene is then measured from aliquots of the atmosphere inside the cell. Catalase or Desferal completely inhibits ethylene production. SOD or high concentrations of hydroxyl radical scavengers (Mannitol, DMSO etc.) afford a partial protection. Thus the efficiency of O(2) (-)., H(2)O(2) and OH. scavengers and iron chelators can be measured. The main advantage of this test is that it is performed in conditions which simulate skin during UV exposure (e.g. air and UV exposed thin layer). Furthermore, as it is non-invasive, it can also be applied to human skin in vivo.
Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> mechanism: Inhibition and role in arachidonic acid release (1987)

Abstract The role of phospholipases in cellular activation and arachidonic acid production for prostaglandin and leukotriene biosynthesis is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the function of phospholipase A 2 in the processes. The experimental basis of our current state of knowledge of the mechanism of action of the pure, extracellular phospholipase A 2 is considered in detail. Experimental approaches dealing with lipid activation, surface dilution kinetics, and enzyme aggregation are considered, and the “dual phospholipid model” for phospholipase A 2 action at the lipid/water interface is described in detail. The kinetic analysis of phospholipase A 2 inhibitors, including p ‐bromophenacylbromide, manoalide, and an alkylether amide analogue of phosphatidylcholine, is considered in light of this model.
Proposal of a Bulk HTSC Staggered Array Undulator (2010)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Toshiteru Kii, Ryota Kinjo, Mahmoud A. Bakr, Taro Sonobe, Keisuke Higashimura, Kai Masuda, Hideaki Ohgaki, Kyohei Yoshida, Heisyun Zen; Proposal of a Bulk HTSC Staggered Array Undulator. AIP Conf. Proc. 23 June 2010; 1234 (1): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3463261 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Current mismatch due to local dopant fluctuations in mosfet channel (2003)

A microscopic multitransistor model is developed to analyze the impact of local dopant fluctuation on the intrinsic mismatch of long-channel MOSFET. A closed analytical formula for current mismatch is derived to show a nonscaled and self-consistent form /spl sim/[4+Log(L/L/sub min/)]/WL. This is in contrast to the global fluctuation model, in which the current mismatch has a universal scaling form /spl sim/1/WL but is not self-consistent if a MOSFET is modeled as an equivalent two-transistor system. The weak violation of scaling law results from the local fluctuation that has more impact on longer channel devices than on shorter ones. Our new model is consistent with recent experimental observation and can explain the discrepancies between the experimental data and the existing models. The analysis indicates that the local dopant fluctuation is the major cause and accounts for about 60% to 80% of total current mismatch when operated at lower gate voltage, a usual regime for higher output impedance.
Verbesserte Synthese von α-Azidozimtsäure-estern und 2<i>H</i>-Azirinen (1985)

Synthese de nitro-, chloro-, methoxy- et methyl α-azido cinnamates de methyle et d'aryl-2 azirinecarboxylates de methyle