gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by Bilberry (<i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i>) and the Anthocyanins (2002)

Among ethanol extracts of 10 edible berries, bilberry extract was found to be the most effective at inhibiting the growth of HL60 human leukemia cells and HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells in vitro. Bilberry extract induced apoptotic cell bodies and nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HL60 cells. The proportion of apoptotic cells induced by bilberry extract in HCT116 was much lower than that in HL60 cells, and DNA fragmentation was not induced in the former. Of the extracts tested, that from bilberry contained the largest amounts of phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, and showed the greatest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Pure delphinidin and malvidin, like the glycosides isolated from the bilberry extract, induced apoptosis in HL60 cells. These results indicate that the bilberry extract and the anthocyanins, bearing delphinidin or malvidin as the aglycon, inhibit the growth of HL60 cells through the induction of apoptosis. Only pure delphinidin and the glycoside isolated from the bilberry extract, but not malvidin and the glycoside, inhibited the growth of HCT116 cells.
Sexual Geographies (2019)

For sociologists, sexuality is understood as socially constructed through social structures such as gender, class, and ethnicity. More recently, space has been recognized as another factor, implicated in the constitution of sexualities. This realization has been heightened by the “spatial turn” in the social sciences which has acknowledged a previous marginalization of space in the production of knowledge. Exploration of sexual geographies has developed out of this “turn” and has been spearheaded by the earlier, and continuing, work of geographers of sexualities. The concept of sexual geographies marks the intersection of sexualities and space and way both are mutually constitutive. That is, space shapes sexualities and sexual identities reconfigure different spaces. Studies of sexual geographies span diverse fields, including geography, sociology, health, and education. The range of these fields continues to expand with the use of digital technologies to manage sexual encounters and the reconceptualization of spatial contours this entails.
Effects of low-ionization gas additive along with uv photopreionization on CO2 TEA laser operation (1977)

The present paper reports an experimental technique for enhancing a high-pressure discharge in a CO2 TEA laser for increasing its output power by using uv irradiation from a series of third needle-plane electrodes, an uv mirror, and an easily ionized gas additive. Laser output energy of 6 J and output peak power of 40 MW at an efficiency of 19% has been obtained in an initial demonstration. Experimentally, it was found that the best results on the laser output radiation were obtained with tri-n-propylamine at a partial pressure of about 0.35 Torr and with p-xylene at a partial pressure of about 0.7 Torr.
MF59-adjuvanted vaccine: a safe and useful tool to enhance and broaden protection against seasonal influenza viruses in subjects at risk (2010)

The vaccine is safe, with an acceptable tolerability profile, thus representing a valid option to optimize the control of seasonal influenza.
Quantum information processing in continuous time (2004)

Quantum mechanical computers can solve certain problems asymptotically faster than any classical computing device. Several fast quantum algorithms are known, but the nature of quantum speedup is not well understood, and inventing new quantum algorithms seems to be difficult. In this thesis, we explore two approaches to designing quantum algorithms based on continuous-time Hamiltonian dynamics. In quantum computation by adiabatic evolution, the computer is prepared in the known ground state of a simple Hamiltonian, which is slowly modified so that its ground state encodes the solution to a problem. We argue that this approach should be inherently robust against low-temperature thermal noise and certain control errors, and we support this claim using simulations. We then show that any adiabatic algorithm can be implemented in a different way, using only a sequence of measurements of the Hamiltonian. We illustrate how this approach can achieve quadratic speedup for the unstructured search problem. We also demonstrate two examples of quantum speedup by quantum walk, a quantum mechanical analog of random walk. First, we consider the problem of searching a region
Changes in Connexin Expression and the Atrial Fibrillation Substrate in Congestive Heart Failure (2009)

CHF causes atrial connexin changes, but these are not essential for CHF-related conduction disturbances and AF promotion, which are rather related primarily to fibrotic interruption of muscle bundle continuity.
Image volume analysis of omnidirectional parallax regular-polyhedron three-dimensional displays (2009)

Three-dimensional (3D) displays having regular-polyhedron structures are proposed and their imaging characteristics are analyzed. Four types of conceptual regular-polyhedron 3D displays, i.e., hexahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedrons, are considered. In principle, regular-polyhedron 3D display can present omnidirectional full parallax 3D images. Design conditions of structural factors such as viewing angle of facet panel and observation distance for 3D display with omnidirectional full parallax are studied. As a main issue, image volumes containing virtual 3D objects represented by the four types of regular-polyhedron displays are comparatively analyzed.
The significance of<i>Demodex folliculorum</i>density in rosacea (1998)

Rosacea is a disease of multifactorial origin, and individual properties may modify the severity of the inflammatory response to Demodex. We suggest that a certain mite density is not an appropriate criterion in the diagnosis of the disease; nevertheless, large numbers of D. folliculorum may have an important role in the pathogenesis of rosacea, together with other triggering factors.
Single transverse mode operation of electrically pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers with micromirrors (2005)

We report an electrically pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) that is designed for wafer-scale fabrication. Single-mode continuous-wave operation is demonstrated at a wavelength of 970 nm. The device structure incorporates a curved micromirror output coupler that is produced using a micromolding process. In addition to outlining the VECSEL fabrication process, we quantify its spatial and spectral modal characteristics.
Motor neuron disease presenting as acute respiratory failure: a clinical and pathological study. (1996)

Respiratory failure is rarely a presenting symptom of motor neuron disease. Seven patients with motor neuron disease who presented with acute respiratory failure of unknown cause and required mechanical ventilation were studied. They all had symptoms and signs suggestive of diaphragmatic weakness. Respiratory involvement seemed disproportionately severe, as six were ambulatory and only three noted limb weakness. Only one had tongue weakness and none had swallowing difficulty. Electrophysiological studies showed widespread denervation and, in particular, diaphragmatic involvement to explain the severe respiratory failure. Weaning from the ventilator was unsuccessful in all cases. The four patients examined at necropsy showed severe loss of anterior horns cells in the cervical cord, with only minimal upper motor neuron involvement. Motor neuron disease should be recognised as a cause of acute respiratory failure, secondary to diaphragmatic paralysis from involvement of phrenic motor neurons.
Comparison of two different doses of lidocaine on the pain sensation during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (2016)

According to our results we recommend the use of perianal intrarectal lidocain gel application, and periprostatic nerve block with injection of 4 ml 2% lidocaine per side combination in TRUS-guided prostate biopsies. Further large-scale randomized control studies are needed to validate these finding.
Secure Unicast Address Resolution Protocol (S-UARP) by Extending DHCP (2006)

In IPv4 networks, address resolution protocol (ARP) is used when a source computer wants to find the MAC address corresponding to a particular IP address (of target computer), it wants to contact. The source broadcasts this request and all the hosts in the domain get that request. This broadcast helps the target to reply with the necessary details to the source. The IP-MAC mapping would then be stored in the ARP cache of the source, which remains valid for some time. This broadcasting is a decentralized way to get the IP address to MAC address mapping, which brings in consistent overhead to the network traffic. It is well documented that ARP process is also liable to ARP poisoning attacks. In this paper we seek to propose a secure unicast address resolution protocol (SUARP) which takes a centralized approach that reduces the broadcast overhead and makes ARP poisoning attacks difficult.
Sucrase-isomaltase gene expression along crypt-villus axis of human small intestine is regulated at level of mRNA abundance (1992)

The mucosal lining of the small intestine is a complex epithelium that is continually renewed by division of a stem cell population located in intestinal crypts, migration of daughter cells along the villus, and, finally, extrusion of senescent cells into the lumen. The majority of cells in both crypt and villus cell compartments are enterocytes that acquire differentiated functions as they migrate out of the crypt. Sucrase-isomaltase (SI) is an enterocyte-specific, brush-border enzyme that has little activity in crypt cells and maximal activity in low and mid villus cells. The mechanism by which enterocytes acquire SI enzymatic activity as they move from crypt to villus is controversial. In this study we examined the distribution of SI mRNA along the crypt-villus axis of human small intestine using isolated epithelial cells and in situ hybridization. A complementary DNA to the 5' portion of the human SI mRNA was amplified and cloned using the polymerase chain reaction. Hybridization analysis of RNA extracted from human intestinal epithelial cells showed that the cloned cDNA recognized a single 6.5-kb mRNA. In situ hybridization of duodenal biopsy specimens was performed using a single-stranded RNA probe derived from this cDNA. This analysis showed that there was little SI mRNA in crypt cells and appearance of mRNA in enterocytes located at the crypt-villus junction. The mRNA levels were maximal in lower and mid villus cells with decreased levels noted in villus tip cells. These results are identical to those previously described in rat intestine and suggest that expression of the SI gene as enterocytes emerge from intestinal crypts is regulated primarily at the level of mRNA accumulation. Study of SI gene regulation may provide a useful model to investigate the mechanisms that regulate enterocyte-specific gene expression and intestinal differentiation.
Towards a framework for attribute retrieval (2011)

In this paper, we propose an attribute retrieval approach which extracts and ranks attributes from HTML tables. We distinguish between class attribute retrieval and instance attribute retrieval. On one hand, given an instance (e.g. University of Strathclyde) we retrieve from the Web its attributes (e.g. principal, location, number of students). On the other hand, given a class (e.g. universities) represented by a set of instances, we retrieve common attributes of its instances. Furthermore, we show we can reinforce instance attribute retrieval if similar instances are available. Our approach uses HTML tables which are probably the largest source for attribute retrieval. Three recall oriented filters are applied over tables to check the following three properties: (i) is the table relational, (ii) has the table a header, and (iii) the conformity of its attributes and values. Candidate attributes are extracted from tables and ranked with a combination of relevance features. Our approach is shown to have a high recall and a reasonable precision. Moreover, it outperforms state of the art techniques.
Carrier concentration profiles across GaP grain boundaries observed by raman measurements (1988)

Raman measurements are performed on grain boundaries in n-type and p-type GaP grown by the SSD method. The high-angle grain boundaries investigated show all a central region of carrier depletion (width about 20 μm) which is attributed to dopant depletion. Beside it exist broad ranges of carrier accumulation not always clearly pronounced. Possible reasons of the formation of these profiles are discussed. Ramanmessungen erfolgen an Korngrenzen in n- und p-GaP, das nach dem SSD-Verfahren gezüchtet wurde. Die untersuchten Großwinkelkorngrenzen zeigen alle ein zentrales Gebiet der Träger-verarmung (Breite etwa 20 μm), das auf eine Dotandenverarmung zurückgeführt wird. Daneben existieren breite Gebiete der Trägeranreicherung, die nicht immer deutlich ausgeprägt sind. Mögliche Ursachen für die Ausbildung dieser Profile werden diskutiert.
<i>ORTEP</i>-3 for Windows - a version of<i>ORTEP</i>-III with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) (1997)

Computer Program Abstracts The category Computer Program Abstracts provides a rapid means of communicating up-to-date information concerning both new programs or systems and significant updates to existing ones. Following normal submission, a Computer Program Abstract will be reviewed by one or two members of the IUCr Commission on Crystallographic Computing. It should not exceed 500 words in length and should follow the standard format given on page 189 of the June 1985 issue of the Journal [J. Appl. CrysL (1985). 18, 189190] and on the World Wide Web at http://www.iucr. ac. uk/journals/jac/software/. Lists of software presented and~or reviewed in the Journal of Applied Crystallography are available on the World Wide Web at the above address, together with information about the availability of the software where this is known. J. App/. CrysL (1997). 30, 565 ORTEP-3 for Windows a version of ORTEP-III with a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
A Critical Assessment of Docking Programs and Scoring Functions (2005)

Docking is a computational technique that samples conformations of small molecules in protein binding sites; scoring functions are used to assess which of these conformations best complements the protein binding site. An evaluation of 10 docking programs and 37 scoring functions was conducted against eight proteins of seven protein types for three tasks: binding mode prediction, virtual screening for lead identification, and rank-ordering by affinity for lead optimization. All of the docking programs were able to generate ligand conformations similar to crystallographically determined protein/ligand complex structures for at least one of the targets. However, scoring functions were less successful at distinguishing the crystallographic conformation from the set of docked poses. Docking programs identified active compounds from a pharmaceutically relevant pool of decoy compounds; however, no single program performed well for all of the targets. For prediction of compound affinity, none of the docking programs or scoring functions made a useful prediction of ligand binding affinity.
Variable Stream Control Engine for Supersonic Propulsion (1978)

advanced single-stage, high-temperature turbine. The primary burner and the duct burner utilize low-emission, highefficiency combustor concepts. The nozzle is a two-stream, concentric, annular (coannular) design with variable throat areas in both streams and an ejector/reverser exhaust system. The independent temperature and velocity control for both primary and bypass streams provides an inherent reduction in jet noise during takeoff. This noise reduction characteristic is based on an inverse velocity profile, where the bypass stream jet velocity is 50-70% higher than the primary stream velocity. Results from a P&WA model nozzle test program6 sponsored by NASA indicate that noise levels measured for coannular nozzles with this inverted velocity profile are approximately 8 EPNdB (effective perceived noise level in decibels) lower than a single-stream nozzle operating at the same airflow and thrust levels. These results are based on both static tests and wind-tunnel tests simulating takeoff flight conditions. Based on these model tests, the coannular noise benefit represents a breakthrough in jet noise control. Further evaluation (a largescale demonstration of this noise benefit) is in the planning stage. Critical Operating Conditions
Electrowetting switch for multimode optical fibers (1982)

Lightwave communications networks may require highly reliable optical switches for multimode fibers. Such switches should have low loss, low cross talk, low power consumption, and low operating voltages. Three types of switch have been proposed: mechanical: electrooptic; and liquid crystal. Mechanical switches, which operate by moving either the fibers or other optical components, are the most widely used. Alternatives to mechanical switches have been sought because these switches require high driving power (>20 mW) and are subject to wear. Electrooptic switches eliminate these problems and are significantly faster. However, both insertion losses and cross talk are higher than for mechanical switches, and their use with multimode fibers requires large voltages. Liquid crystal switches are low voltage devices, but their cross-talk performance is relatively poor, and the long term stability of liquid crystals in field conditions is not established.
The Military in the Political Development of New Nations (1964)

(1964). The Military in the Political Development of New Nations. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 6-10.
Studies on the antibacterial activity of phanquone: chelating properties in relation to mode of action against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. (1980)

Phanquone is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Its activity is affected by the nature of the suspending fluid, pH and anaerobic growth conditions. Its ability to chelate metal ions was examined and found to be related to its antibacterial activity, which was reduced by the presence of added metal ions, e.g. Co (II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Fe(III) in nutrient media for both E. coli and S. aureus. When antibacterial activity was examined in dis-nutrient media for both E. coli and S. aureus. When antibacterial activity was examined in distilled water, then certain added metal ions, whilst antagonizing activity was examined in distilled water, then certain added metal ions, whilst antagonizing the activity of Phanquone against E. coli, exerted a co-operative effect in the case of S. aureus. The addition of EDTA and NTA lowered the activity of Phanquone against S. aureus, but not E. coli, while the addition of thiol-containing compounds lowered its activity against E. coli but not S. aureus. concentration quenching was observed for S. aureus but not for E. coli, while overnight pre-incubation at 4 degrees C resulted in the appearance of a growth zone inside the zone of inhibition in the case of S. aureus but not E. coli. Phanquone may have a different mode of action against the two organisms.
Delivery of a Hammerhead Ribozyme Specifically Downregulates Mutant Type I Collagen mRNA in a Murine Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (2001)

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a systemic heritable disorder of connective tissue, caused by a mutation in one of the genes for type I collagen, whose cardinal manifestation is bone fragility. Several studies have identified two molecular mechanisms of collagen type I defects. In chain exclusion, the mutant chain is not incorporated into the collagen triple helix, whereas in chain nonexclusion, it is. The dominant-negative effect of nonexcluded mutations must be taken into account in all strategies aimed at correcting the collagen defects in individuals affected with moderate or several OI. Herein, we describe the application of hammerhead ribozymes to selectively target the mutant minigene transcript expressed in a murine calvarial osteoblast cell line. Active and control inactive ribozymes were tested in vitro on both mutant and normal targets and in the minigene-expressing cell line. Active ribozyme cleaved its target with high efficiency and specificity in both a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. After delivery of a ribozyme expression construct, intracellular ribozyme was detected, along with a relative reduction in mutant transcript level.
Preparation of Highly Alkoxy‐Substituted Naphthaldehyde Derivatives – A Regioselective Approach to Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Rubromycins (2006)

Abstract An efficient synthesis of highly substituted naphthaldehyde derivatives 8 was required for the planned synthesis of compounds of the rubromycin family. Three different routes towards this goal were attempted. Route I started with 1,5‐dihydroxynaphthalene ( 10 ), and the pentaalkoxy‐substituted naphthaldehyde 17 was obtained in a straightforward sequence in moderate overall yield. Route II employed an aryne cycloaddition to generate the functionalized naphthalene skeleton. This sequence smoothly provided the bromonaphthalene derivative 19 , which served as a very suitable precursor of aldehyde 24 , boronic acid 25 , and finally the unsymmetrically substituted hexaalkoxynaphthalene derivative 18 . Unfortunately, though, the regioselective formylation of 18 to provide the desired aldehyde 8a was not possible, this key compound being obtained only in low yield. Whereas an attempted Claisen rearrangement of O ‐allylated derivative 30 furnished the wrong regioisomer 33 , the ortho ‐Fries rearrangement of the easily available carbamate 34 smoothly afforded the expected amide 35 , which turned out to be essentially inert and could not be converted into the corresponding naphthaldeyde 8b . We therefore developed Route III, involving an alternative aryne cycloaddition and a subsequent regioselective ring‐opening of the tricyclic adduct 41 . This sequence enabled us to efficiently prepare acetal 44 , which was transformed into the desired highly substituted and regioselectively protected naphthaldehyde derivative 8b . The synthesis of this key compound could be achieved in a 12‐step sequence in an overall yield of 9 %. Our planned rubromycin synthesis was successfully verified by the conversion of 8b into the protected α‐hydroxy enone 7b by addition of lithiated methoxyallene followed by hydrolysis and subsequent silylation of intermediate 7a . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A short wavelength GigaHertz clocked fiber-optic quantum key distribution system (2004)

A quantum key distribution (QKD) system has been developed, using a standard telecommunications optical fiber, which is capable of operating at clock rates of greater than 1 GHz. The QKD system implements a polarization encoded version of the B92 protocol. The system employs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with emission wavelengths of 850 nm as weak coherent light sources, and silicon single photon avalanche diodes as the single photon detectors. A distributed feedback laser of emission wavelength 1.3 /spl mu/m, and a linear gain germanium avalanche photodiode was used to optically synchronize individual photons over the standard telecommunications fiber. The QKD system exhibited a quantum bit error rate (QBER) of 1.4%, and an estimated net bit rate (NBR) greater than 100 000 bits/sup -1/ for a 4.2-km transmission range. For a 10-km fiber range, a QBER of 2.1%, and an estimated NBR of greater than 7000 bits/sup -1/ was achieved.