gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Cu–Mg–Al Mixed Oxide Catalysts in Lignin Depolymerization in Supercritical Ethanol (2015)

We investigate the role of Cu-Mg-Al mixed oxides in depolymerization of soda lignin in supercritical ethanol. A series of mixed oxides with varying Cu content and (Cu+Mg)/Al ratio were prepared. The optimum catalyst containing 20 wt% Cu and having a (Cu+Mg)/Al ratio of 4 yielded 36 wt% monomers without formation of char after reaction at 340 °C for 4 h. Comparison with Cu/MgO and Cu/¿-Al2O3 catalysts emphasized the excellent performance of Cu-Mg-Al oxides. These mixed oxides catalyze the reaction between formaldehyde and ethanol, which limits polymerization reactions between phenolic products and formaldehyde. The combination of Cu and basic sites catalyze the associated Guerbet and esterification reactions. These reactions also protect lignin side-chains (e.g., aldehyde groups). Lewis acid sites of the catalyst, mainly Cu and Al cations catalyze C- and O- alkylation reactions that protect phenolic products and phenolic moieties in lignin oligomers. Production of hydrogen by dehydrogenation is important for catalyzing hydrogenolysis reactions to cleave the constituent bonds in lignin and also to deoxygenate the monomeric and oligomeric products. Careful investigation of the influence of the nature of the acid and base functionalities indicates that the Guerbet and esterification reactions are more important in avoiding heavy product formation than alkylation reactions. These insights point out directions for rationally designing catalyst for lignin conversion.
Quantitative analysis on isolated organs of the autonomic blocking properties of indoramin hydrochloride (Wy 21901) (1972)

1. Indoramin is a competitive alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent on the guinea-pig isolated vas deferens and aortic strip; the pA(2) value on the aorta is 7.4.2. Indoramin is devoid of beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity on the guinea-pig isolated trachea (10(-4)M) and the Langendorff preparation of the rabbit heart (10(-6)M). It also has no adrenergic neurone blocking action on the Finkleman preparation of the rabbit small intestine (10(-5)M).3. On the Langendorff preparation of the rabbit isolated heart, indoramin (above 10(-6)M) has cardio-inhibitory properties similar to those of propranolol.4. On the guinea-pig isolated ileum (10(-5)M) and trachea (10(-6)M), indoramin is devoid of anticholinergic activity, but has a potent antihistamine action which satisfies the criteria for competitive antagonism; the pA(2) value for this antagonism on the ileum is 8.2.5. Indoramin antagonizes 5-hydroxytryptamine on the rat isolated fundus and ileum; the pA(2) value for the antagonism on the ileum is 6.0.
Simple and precise static analysis of untrusted Linux kernel extensions (2019)

Extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) is a Linux subsystem that allows safely executing untrusted user-defined extensions inside the kernel. It relies on static analysis to protect the kernel against buggy and malicious extensions. As the eBPF ecosystem evolves to support more complex and diverse extensions, the limitations of its current verifier, including high rate of false positives, poor scalability, and lack of support for loops, have become a major barrier for developers.
Repeater insertion for concurrent setup and hold time violations with power-delay trade-off (2007)

The traditional repeater insertion in an integrated circuit (IC) is aimed at eliminating cycle (setup) time violations at the worst process corner. Subsequently, special measures are adopted to remedy hold-time violations identified at the best process corner. However, aggressive delay reduction for fixing setup time violations could introduce new hold-time violations that did not exist before. Designers are usually un-ware of these newly created hold-time violations as they do not compare hold-time violations pre and post repeater insertion. However, identifying these nets and rerunning them with the presented technique to deal with hold time requirements can reduce the number of repeaters and design turn-around time. The power vs. delay trade-off technique presented is found to be extremely useful in limiting the number of repeaters to an acceptable limit. Concurrent treatment of setup time and hold time helps in better timing convergence for the affected nets by avoiding creation of new violations. Satisfying a minimum and a maximum slews along with accurate RC and gate timing models helps attain good timing correlation/convergence with a static timer.
PIAS1 regulates CP2c localization and active promoter complex formation in erythroid cell-specific α-globin expression (2010)

Data presented here extends our previous observations on α-globin transcriptional regulation by the CP2 and PIAS1 proteins. Using RNAi knockdown, we have now shown that CP2b, CP2c and PIAS1 are each necessary for synergistic activation of endogenous α-globin gene expression in differentiating MEL cells. In this system, truncated PIAS1 mutants lacking the ring finger domain recruited CP2c to the nucleus, as did wild-type PIAS1, demonstrating that this is a sumoylation-independent process. In vitro, recombinant CP2c, CP2b and PIAS1 bound DNA as a stable CBP (CP2c/CP2b/PIAS1) complex. Following PIAS1 knockdown in MEL cells, however, the association of endogenous CP2c and CP2b with the α-globin promoter simultaneously decreased. By mapping the CP2b- and CP2c-binding domains on PIAS1, and the PIAS1-binding domains on CP2b and CP2c, we found that two regions of PIAS1 that interact with CP2c/CP2b are required for its co-activator function. We propose that CP2c, CP2b, and PIAS1 form a hexametric complex with two units each of CP2c, CP2b, and PIAS1, in which PIAS1 serves as a clamp between two CP2 proteins, while CP2c binds directly to the target DNA and CP2b mediates strong transactivation.
A New Strategy for Synthesis of Novel Classes of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids Based on Complexation Reaction of Cations (2006)

A novel series of ionic liquids have been synthesized with a new methodology. The essence of this methodology is to form the cations of ionic liquids through the complexation reactions of neutral organic ligands with metal ions, followed by the subsequent metathesis reactions of the resulting salts with anion donors. We chose -lithiotrifluoromethanesulfonimide as a candidate for anion donors because anions have high thermal stabilities and weakly coordinating properties, which are crucial to the generation of less viscous and more hydrophobic ionic liquids. The transition-metal ions chosen in our investigation are and . The uses of these ionic liquids as the new electrolytes for electrodeposition have been demonstrated.
Synthesis of [[(naphthalenylmethoxy)- and -(quinolinylmethoxy)phenyl]amino]oxoalkanoic acid esters. A novel series of leukotriene D4 antagonists and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors (1986)

A series of novel [[(naphthalenylmethoxy)- and [[(quinolinylmethoxy)phenyl]amino]oxoalkanoic acid esters have been prepared. These compounds were tested as inhibitors of rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) 5-lipoxygenase (LO) in vitro and as inhibitors of ovalbumin (OA) and leukotriene D4 (LTD4) induced bronchospasm in the guinea pig (GP) in vivo. Many naphthalenyl compounds were potent inhibitors of 5-LO, and several quinolinyl compounds were potent inhibitors of LTD4-mediated bronchospasms in the GP. The most potent naphthalenyl compound, 4-[[3-(2-naphthalenylmethoxy)phenyl]hydroxyamino]-4-oxobutanoic acid, methyl ester (6v), had an IC50 of 0.6 microM in the 5-LO assay. The most potent compound in vivo, 4-[[3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)phenyl]hydroxyamino]-4-oxobutanoic acid, methyl ester (6e), had ED50's of 3.3 mg/kg and 27.4 mg/kg (intraduodenally) against LTD4- and OA-induced bronchospasm, respectively. When tested as an antagonist of LTD4-induced contraction of isolated GP tracheal spiral strips, 6e was shown to be a competitive inhibitor with a pKB value of 5.33.
Synthesis of the Nucleotide Analogue: (R,S)-9-[1-(2-Hydroxyethylthio)-2-phosphonylethyl] Adenine (1994)

Abstract The acyclic nucleotide analogue (R,S)-9-[1-(2-hydroxyethylthio)-2-phosphonylethyl] adenine [HETPEA, 4] was prepared by coupling the adenine potassium salt with diethyl ethynylphosphonate followed by condensation of the product with 2-mercaptoethanol.
Accumulation and metabolism of selenium by yeast cells (2015)

This paper examines the process of selenium bioaccumulation and selenium metabolism in yeast cells. Yeast cells can bind elements in ionic from the environment and permanently integrate them into their cellular structure. Up to now, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, and Yarrowia lipolytica yeasts have been used primarily in biotechnological studies to evaluate binding of minerals. Yeast cells are able to bind selenium in the form of both organic and inorganic compounds. The process of bioaccumulation of selenium by microorganisms occurs through two mechanisms: extracellular binding by ligands of membrane assembly and intracellular accumulation associated with the transport of ions across the cytoplasmic membrane into the cell interior. During intracellular metabolism of selenium, oxidation, reduction, methylation, and selenoprotein synthesis processes are involved, as exemplified by detoxification processes that allow yeasts to survive under culture conditions involving the elevated selenium concentrations which were observed. Selenium yeasts represent probably the best absorbed form of this element. In turn, in terms of wide application, the inclusion of yeast with accumulated selenium may aid in lessening selenium deficiency in a diet.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Secretory Granule Calcium-binding Protein from the Early Branching Eukaryote Giardia lamblia (2002)

Giardia lamblia is a flagellate protozoan that infects humans and other mammals and the most frequently isolated intestinal parasite worldwide. Giardia trophozoites undergo essential biological changes to survive outside the intestine of their host by differentiating into infective cysts. Cyst formation, or encystation, is considered one of the most primitive adaptive responses developed by eukaryotes early in evolution and crucial for the transmission of the parasite among susceptible hosts. During this process, proteins that will assemble into the extracellular cyst wall (CWP1 and CWP2) are transported to the cell surface within encystation-specific secretory vesicles (ESVs) by a developmentally regulated secretory pathway. Cyst wall proteins (CWPs) are maintained as a dense material inside the ESVs, but after exocytosis, they form the fibrillar matrix of the cyst wall. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in granule biogenesis and discharge in Giardia, as well as the assembly of the extracellular wall. In this work, we provide evidences that a novel 54-kDa protein that exclusively localizes to the ESVs is induced during encystation similar to CWPs, proteolytically processed during granule maturation, and able to bind calcium in vitro. The gene encoding this molecule predicts a novel protein (called gGSP for G. lamblia Granule-specific Protein) without homology to any other protein reported in public databases. Nevertheless, it possesses characteristics of calcium-sequestering molecules of higher eukaryotes. Inhibition of gGSP expression abolishes cyst wall formation, suggesting that this secretory granule protein regulates Ca(2+)-dependent degranulation of ESVs during cyst wall formation.
A new Bulk Built-In Current Sensing circuit for single-event transient detection (2010)

This paper introduces a new design for the Bulk Built-In Current Sensor (BICS) capable of detecting the single-event transients (SET) due to a particle strike in the integrated circuits. An 4-bit multiplier is used as a case study. The simulation results indicate that efficiency and applicability of the Bulk-BICS of this work improves while the power consumption and area overhead reduce greatly.
Development of a novel all-optical fiber isolator using a CdSe quantum dots doped optical fiber (2012)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. Ju, Y. Kim, P. R. Watekar, S. Jeong, and W. Han, "Development of a novel all-optical fiber isolator using a CdSe quantum dots doped optical fiber," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 2012), paper OTu1I.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Case 43-1970 (1970)

Presentation of CaseA 62-year-old man was brought to the hospital because of collapse.He had enjoyed good health in the past but for two months before admission had felt vaguely less well than usual. During the week before entry he noticed soreness of the neck, and two days before admission he thought that he might be "coming down with a cold." On the evening of entry, after dinner and his customary game of chess, he had the abrupt onset of profound weakness, with a generalized sensation of warmth, dizziness and nausea; there was no pain in the chest or . . .
Ablation Controlled Arcs (1986)

An experimental and theoretical study on ablation controlled arcs in cylindrical tubes is presented. Measuring techniques for stagnation pressure, electric field strength, mass ablation rate, and arc cross section are described with which a comprehensive set of experimental data is obtained for blackened PTFE as a reference material. These data are interpreted with an isothermal two-zone model that consistently accounts for the balance of mass and axial momentum and yields simple scaling laws for the arc characteristics. Consistent agreement with the experimental data is found for an arc temperature TA = 19 000 ± 2000 K, a vapor layer temperature Tv = 3400 ± 200 K, and a transparently radiated fraction of the arc power of v = 0.32 ± 0.03. The vapor temperature can be explained with a photoablation mechanism. The ablation arc model allows quantifying of the phenomena related to nozzle clogging in gas-blast circuit breakers, namely flow blocking and reverse flow heating. How these phenomena determine the pressure rise in self-blast circuit breakers is shown.
Effector-Memory T Cells Develop in Islets and Report Islet Pathology in Type 1 Diabetes (2013)

CD8(+) T cells are critical in human type 1 diabetes and in the NOD mouse. In this study, we elucidated the natural history of islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP)-specific CD8(+) T cells in NOD diabetes using MHC-tetramer technology. IGRP206-214-specific T cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissue increased with age, and their numbers correlated with insulitis progression. IGRP206-214-specific T cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissue expressed markers of chronic Ag stimulation, and their numbers were stable after diagnosis of diabetes, consistent with their memory phenotype. IGRP206-214-specific T cells in NOD mice expand, acquire the phenotype of effector-memory T cells in the islets, and emigrate to the peripheral lymphoid tissue. Our observations suggest that enumeration of effector-memory T cells of multiple autoantigen specificities in the periphery of type 1 diabetic subjects could be a reliable reporter for progression of islet pathology.
Effect of Rapid Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Type A on the Emergency Department Management of Febrile Infants and Toddlers (2002)

Rapid confirmation of influenza virus type A infection seems to decrease ancillary tests and antibiotic use in febrile infants and toddlers in the ED. A prospective study with a larger group is needed to confirm these findings.
The effects of vagal nerve stimulation in focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model (2013)

The neuroprotective and antioxidant properties of VNS suggest its efficacy as a potential anti-ischemic treatment.
Conservation of a Masked Nuclear Export Activity of La Proteins and Its Effects on tRNA Maturation (2007)

La is an RNA-processing-associated phosphoprotein so highly conserved that the human La protein (hLa) can replace the tRNA-processing function of the fission yeast La protein (Sla1p) in vivo. La proteins contain multiple trafficking elements that support interactions with RNAs in different subcellular locations. Prior data indicate that deletion of a nuclear retention element (NRE) causes nuclear export of La and dysfunctional processing of associated pre-tRNAs that are spliced but 5' and 3' unprocessed, with an accompanying decrease in tRNA-mediated suppression, in fission yeast. To further pursue these observations, we first identified conserved residues in the NREs of hLa and Sla1p that when substituted mimic the NRE deletion phenotype. NRE-defective La proteins then deleted of other motifs indicated that RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) is required for nuclear export. Mutations of conserved RRM1 residues restored nuclear accumulation of NRE-defective La proteins. Some RRM1 mutations restored nuclear accumulation, prevented disordered pre-tRNA processing, and restored suppression, indicating that the tRNA-related activity of RRM1 and its nuclear export activity could be functionally separated. When mapped onto an hLa structure, the export-sensitive residues comprised surfaces distinct from the RNA-binding surface of RRM1. The data indicate that the NRE has been conserved to mask or functionally override an equally conserved nuclear export activity of RRM1. The data suggest that conserved elements mediate nuclear retention, nuclear export, and RNA-binding activities of the multifunctional La protein and that their interrelationship contributes to the ability of La to engage its different classes of RNA ligands in different cellular locations.
Reactions of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonate ion with amines and hydroxide ion (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonate ion with amines and hydroxide ionGary E. Means, W. I. Congdon, and M. L. BenderCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 19, 3564–3571Publication Date (Print):September 12, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 12 September 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00769a011https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00769a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1008Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Update on Gene Therapy for Inherited Retinal Dystrophy: Experience in Leber Congenital Amaurosis Clinical Trials (2021)

Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a group of rare eye diseases caused by gene mutations that result in the degradation of cone and rod photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium. Retinal degradation progress is often irreversible, with clinical manifestations including color or night blindness, peripheral visual defects and subsequent vision loss. Thus, gene therapies that restore functional retinal proteins by either replenishing unmutated genes or truncating mutated genes are needed. Coincidentally, the eye's accessibility and immune-privileged status along with major advances in gene identification and gene delivery systems heralded gene therapies for IRDs. Among these clinical trials, voretigene neparvovec-rzyl (Luxturna), an adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy drug, was approved by the FDA for treating patients with confirmed biallelic <i>RPE65</i> mutation-associated Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) in 2017. This review includes current IRD gene therapy clinical trials and further summarizes preclinical studies and therapeutic strategies for LCA, including adeno-associated virus-based gene augmentation therapy, 11-cis-retinal replacement, RNA-based antisense oligonucleotide therapy and CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing therapy. Understanding the gene therapy development for LCA may accelerate and predict the potential hurdles of future therapeutics translation. It may also serve as the template for the research and development of treatment for other IRDs.
Phase shifting two coupled circadian pacemakers: implications for jet lag (1985)

Flights across time zones produce an abrupt displacement of the environmental time cues (zeitgebers), and the endogenous circadian timing system resynchronizes only gradually to the new schedule. A coupled two-oscillator model can simulate the human circadian system in temporal isolation and in artificial zeitgeber cycles. The model is here shown to explain the major features of resynchronization of circadian rhythms after time zone shifts, i.e., the rate of adjustment depends on the rhythm being measured, the number of time zones crossed, the flight direction (eastward or westward), and the strength of the zeitgebers in the new time zone. Investigations of the contribution of different model parameters to system performances suggest that intersubject differences in pacemaker periods may be a major factor in the observed variability in the effects of time zone shifts on circadian rhythms. With individualized period estimate the models can simulate case studies in which four subjects recorded their sleep-wake and core body temperature rhythms throughout simple and complex patterns of transmeridian flights.
Zero location with respect to the unit circle of discrete-time linear system polynomials (1984)

The location of the zeros of discrete systems characteristic polynomials with respect to the unit circle is investigated. A new sequence of symmetric polynomials of descending degrees is defined for the characteristic polynomial and the number of zeros inside and outside the unit circle is shown to be related to a certain sign variation pattern of the polynomials in the sequence. A stability table based on this sequence is presented to obtain the sought distribution of zeros. The new table is close in appearance, size, and number of arithmetic operations to the Routh table used for continuous-time system polynomials. By comparison with the table of Jury, based on the theory of Marden, Cohn, and Schur, the new table involves about half the number of entries and a corresponding significant saving in computations. The study includes a detailed consideration of all possible cases of singular conditions so that the complete information on the number of zeros inside, outside, and on the unit circle is always obtained (including some additional information on possible reciprocal pairs of zeros). Necessary and sufficient conditions for a polynomial to have all its zeros inside the unit circle are obtained as a special outcome. Other additional necessary conditions, that are useful to shorten procedures when the table is used only for testing the stability of the system, are also given.