gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
More Pieces in the Dioxin Puzzle (1991)

Less than a year ago, some of the nation's leading dioxin experts urged EPA to reassess dioxin's risk. The scientists were spurred on by new evidence about how the chemical acts at the molecular level, which suggested there might be a practical threshold or safe dose below which no toxic effects would occur. If so, they said, then the linear model EPA uses to predict risk is probably off, perhaps by a large margin. In response, last May EPA launched an effort to build a new, biologically based model for assessing dioxin's risk. Once complete, this will be one of the first times EPA has replaced its generic cancer risk model - which assumes that risk increases linearly, starting with the slightest exposure - with a mechanistic one. But now, just 5 months into this reevaluation, comes new evidence suggesting that there is no threshold, at least for some of dioxin's effects. The old linear model might not be that far off after all. They emphasize, however, that the final verdict is not in yet.
Electronic structure of filled tetrahedral semiconductors (1985)

We discuss the susceptibility of zinc-blende semiconductors to band-structure modification by insertion of small atoms at their tetrahedral interstitial sites. GaP is found to become an indirect-gap semiconductor with two He atoms present at its interstitial sites; Si does not. Analysis of the factors controlling these filling-induced electronic modifications allows us to predict that LiZnP [viewed as a zinc-blende-like (ZnP${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ lattice partially filled with He-like ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ interstitials], as well as other members of the Nowotny-Juza compounds ${A}^{\mathrm{I}{B}^{\mathrm{II}{O}^{\mathrm{V}}}}$, are likely to be a novel group of direct-gap semiconductors.
Diamond‐based DNA sensors: surface functionalization and read‐out strategies (2009)

Abstract This article reviews the current state‐of‐the art of diamond‐based DNA sensors. Some general concepts involved in biosensors are introduced and applied to DNA sensors. The properties of chemically vapor deposited (CVD) diamond relevant for this application are summed up, with special attention for the stability and bio‐compatibility of the material. Several routes to functionalize the diamond surface are considered. The physical properties of the obtained DNA layers are discussed in terms of surface density and molecular conformation. Possible read‐out strategies are evaluated, including optical and electronic sensing. With diamond‐based DNA sensors, real‐time and label‐free sensing is achieved. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A novel heterocycle synthesis. Formation of 5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-azacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene dihydroperchlorate by reaction of diaminoethane monohydroperchlorate with mesityl oxide or acetone (1966)

N. F. Curtis and R. W. Hay, Chem. Commun. (London), 1966, 524 DOI: 10.1039/C19660000524
Identification of the major membrane and core proteins of vaccinia virus by two-dimensional electrophoresis (1996)

Vaccinia virus assembly has been well studied at the ultrastructural level, but little is known about the molecular events that occur during that process. Towards this goal, we have identified the major membrane and core proteins of the intracellular mature virus (IMV). Pure IMV preparations were subjected to Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) and dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment to separate the core proteins from the membrane proteins. These proteins were subsequently separated by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, and the major polypeptide spots, as detected by silver staining and 35S labeling, were identified by either matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, or immunoprecipitation with defined antibodies. Sixteen major spots that partitioned into the NP-40-DTT-soluble fraction were identified; 11 of these were previously described virally encoded proteins and 5 were cellular proteins, mostly of mitochondrial origin. The core fraction revealed four major spots of previously described core proteins, two of which were also detected in the membrane fraction. Subsequently, the NP-40-DTT-soluble and -insoluble fractions from purified virus preparations, separated by 2D gels, were compared with postnuclear supernatants of infected cells that had been metabolically labeled at late times (6 to 8 h) postinfection. This relatively short labeling period as well as the apparent shutoff of host protein synthesis allowed the selective detection in such postnuclear supernatants of virus-encoded proteins. These postnuclear supernatants were subsequently treated with Triton X-114 or with sodium carbonate to distinguish the membrane proteins from the soluble proteins. We have identified the major late membrane and nonmembrane proteins of the IMV as they occur in the virus as well as in infected cells. This 2D gel map should provide an important reference for future molecular studies of vaccinia virus morphogenesis.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Is Involved in Mediating Increased <i>De Novo</i> Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Response to Traumatic Brain Injury (2009)

Stimulating the endogenous repair process after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be an important approach in neuroregenerative medicine. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the molecules that can increase de novo hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we tested whether VEGF signaling through Flk1 (VEGF receptor 2) is involved in the neurogenic process after experimental TBI. We found that Flk1 is expressed both by neuroblasts in the subgranular layer (SGL) and by maturing granule neurons in the adult dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. After lateral fluid percussion TBI (LFP-TBI) in the rat, we detected elevated VEGF levels and also increased numbers of de novo neurons in the ipsilateral DG. To test the involvement of VEGF and Flk1 in the neurogenic process directly, we delivered recombinant VEGF or SU5416, an inhibitor to Flk1, into the ipsilateral cerebral ventricle of injured animals. We found that VEGF infusion significantly increased the number of BrdU+/Prox1+ new neurons, decreased the number of TUNEL+ cells, but did not change the number of BrdU+ newborn cells per se. Infusion with SU5416 caused no significant changes. Our results suggest that (a) VEGF is a part of the molecular signaling network that mediates de novo hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI; (b) VEGF predominantly mediates survival of de novo granule neurons rather than proliferation of neuroblasts in the injured brain; and (c) additional VEGF receptor(s) and/or other molecular mechanism(s) are also involved in mediating increased neurogenesis following injury.
Computer note. PLABSIM: software for simulation of marker-assisted backcrossing (2000)

In plant breeding and population genetics, computer simulations are a useful tool to investigate problems for which no analytical solutions are available. We present PLABSIM, a computer program to simulate marker-assisted selection in arbitrarily designed backcross programs. The simulated data can be evaluated with PLABSIM for gene frequencies, genotype frequencies, frequency of homozygous loci, length of chromosome segments originating from one ancestor, and the number of marker data points required for a breeding program. In addition to data analysis with PLABSIM, the simulated data can be exported for analysis with statistical software. For investigations of the potential applications of marker-assisted selection, computer simulations are a useful tool. They have been used to investigate problems concerning the use of flanking markers in selection for one or more target genes (Hospital and Charcosset 1997; Visscher et al. 1996) or to accelerate the recovery of the recurrent parent genome in markerassisted backcross programs (Frisch et al. 1999; Hospital et al. 1992; Openshaw et al. 1994). Following Hospital and Charcosset (1997), we refer to the first approach as foreground selection and to the second as background selection. Until now, no software allowed one to simulate marker-assisted selection under realistic genetic models. The program GREGOR (Tinker and Mather 1993) implements the basic principles, but the interactive use and the fact that it simulates only some predefined genetic linkage maps restricts its feasibility for simulation of breeding programs. In this article we present PLABSIM, a tool for simulation of marker-assisted selection programs. The software can be used to investigate the effect of varying population size, marker density, marker positions, and selection strategies on the genetic composition of the breeding product and on the required number of marker data points. PLABSIM is characterized by the following features: (1) Simulations can be made for any diploid genome with an arbitrary number of loci at arbitrary positions on an arbitrary number of chromosomes. (2) The implemented reproduction schemes include all common breeding methods. (3) An arbitrary number of selection steps can be combined to a selection strategy. Selection can be carried out for genotypes at defined loci, or for selection indices calculated from allele frequencies at several loci. (4) The simulated data can be analyzed for a broad range of genetic parameters with PLABSIM. In addition, the data can be exported for analysis with statistical software.
Improvement of dye-sensitized solar cells: what we know and what we need to know (2010)

The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) has been regarded as one of the most promising next-generation solar cells. Tremendous research efforts have been invested to improve the efficiency of solar energy conversion which is generally determined by the light harvesting efficiency, electron injection efficiency and undesirable charge recombination degree. Recently, charge recombination and electron injection efficiency, that are correlated with the open circuit voltage (Voc), have received more and more attention for their crucial roles in the further improvement of the efficiency of DSCs. In this review article, the factors that affect charge recombination and electron injection efficiency systematically discussed in order to formulate basic guidelines and strategies for improving Voc and the overall performance of DSCs is reviewed.
The Configurational Changes of Poly-L-proline in Solution (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Configurational Changes of Poly-L-proline in SolutionIzchak Z. Steinberg, William F. Harrington, Arieh Berger, Michael Sela, and Ephraim KatchalskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 20, 5263–5279Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01505a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01505a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views663Altmetric-Citations231LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel biobased resins using sucrose esters of plant oils (2011)

Interest in using renewable raw materials to prepare biobased monomers, polymers, and materials is rapidly increasing. The goal of the research described is to develop branched polyesters of plant oil fatty acids, using different core pol yo ls (i.e. sucrose, dipentaerythritol, and tripentaerythritol) and plant oils (i.e. linseed, safflower, and soybean), into curing systems that have potential uses in applications such as coatings, composites, and adhesives. This study is mainly focused on the use of sucrose as the core polyol in the soyate resins. Sucrose esters and their derivatives have a compact structure, high density, and high functionality-double bonds, epoxides, or hydroxyls. When considering the use of sucrose ester compounds to form cross linked materials, the rigid core of sucrose can potentially impart hardness to the thermoset, and the high functionality can lead to rapid gelation and high cross link density. Thus, these novel biobased resins using sucrose esters of plant oils have the potential to be a significant advance in biobased resin technology, as well as to be competitive with the conventional petroleum-based resins.
Simultaneous Ultrasound and MRI System for Breast Biopsy: Compatibility Assessment and Demonstration in a Dual Modality Phantom (2008)

Simultaneous capturing of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) images allows fusion of information obtained from both modalities. We propose an MR-compatible US system where MR images are acquired in a known orientation with respect to the US imaging plane and concurrent real-time imaging can be achieved. Compatibility of the two imaging devices is a major issue in the physical setup. Tests were performed to quantify the radio frequency (RF) noise introduced in MR and US images, with the US system used in conjunction with MRI scanner of different field strengths (0.5 T and 3 T). Furthermore, simultaneous imaging was performed on a dual modality breast phantom in the 0.5 T open bore and 3 T close bore MRI systems to aid needle-guided breast biopsy. Fiducial based passive tracking and electromagnetic based active tracking were used in 3 T and 0.5 T, respectively, to establish the location and orientation of the US probe inside the magnet bore. Our results indicate that simultaneous US and MR imaging are feasible with properly-designed shielding, resulting in negligible broadband noise and minimal periodic RF noise in both modalities. US can be used for real time display of the needle trajectory, while MRI can be used to confirm needle placement.
Lack of Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria into Cytosol Early in the Course of Fas-mediated Apoptosis of Jurkat Cells (1998)

Several groups have reported that during apoptosis, cytochrome c is released from the mitochondria into the cytosol, but we have found that in apoptotic cells the cytochrome appears to remain with the mitochondria. In hopes of reconciling these findings, we compared the results obtained from cells disrupted by our method (nitrogen cavitation) with those obtained using the cell-disruption method employed by others (homogenization). We observed that at 2 h, cytochrome c levels in apoptotic cytosols from homogenized cells exceeded control levels, whereas cytochrome c levels in apoptotic cytosols from cavitated cells were similar to control. Outer membranes of homogenized mitochondria appeared damaged because the mitochondria had become permeable to cytochrome c, whereas outer membranes of cavitated mitochondria excluded the cytochrome. 4 h after Fas ligation, both cavitated and homogenized mitochondria had released small amounts of cytochrome c into the cytosol, whereas after 6 h the cytochrome had disappeared from the cell lysate. We believe that the differences between our results and those reported by others were due to 1) our examining the cells after a short (2 h) incubation with the anti-Fas antibody, and 2) our use of nitrogen cavitation instead of homogenization to disrupt the cells.
Logical design for temporal databases with multiple granularities (1997)

The purpose of good database logical design is to eliminate data redundancy and isertion and deletion anomalies. In order to achieve this objective for temporal databases, the notions of temporal types , which formalize time granularities, and temporal functional dependencies (TFDs) are intrduced. A temporal type is a monotonic mapping from ticks of time (represented by positive integers) to time sets (represented by subsets of reals) and is used to capture various standard and user-defined calendars. A TFD is a proper extension of the traditional functional dependency and takes the form X → μ Y, meaning that there is a unique value for Y during one tick of the temporal type μ for one particular X value. An axiomatization for TFDs is given. Because a finite set TFDs usually implies an infinite number of TFDs, we introduce the notion of and give an axiomatization for a finite closure to effectively capture a finite set of implied TFDs that are essential of the logical design. Temporal normalization procedures with respect to TFDs are given. Specifically, temporal Boyce-Codd normal form (TBCNF) that avoids all data redundancies due to TFDs, and temporal third normal form (T3NF) that allows dependency preservation, are defined. Both normal forms are proper extensions of their traditional counterparts, BCNF and 3NF. Decompositition algorithms are presented that give lossless TBCNF decompositions and lossless, dependency-preserving, T3NF decompositions.
The Response of the Lung to Foreign Compounds that Produce Free Radicals (1986)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Local acute application of BDNF in the lesioned spinal cord anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects (2004)

We studied the early anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of local application of BDNF after dorsal spinal cord transection in the adult rat. Both the distribution and accumulation of neutrophils and microglial cells in and around the lesion site (inflammatory response) and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE; oxidative damage) around the lesion was examined using immunohistochemical techniques. We demonstrate that BDNF application affects the microglial response in and around the lesion and results in a reduced lipid peroxidation as shown by HNE-immunoreactive staining around the lesion 48 h post-injury. The early anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of local BDNF-application into the lesioned spinal cord may contribute to the observed decreased loss of locomotor function of the hindlimbs 2 days after injury.
Detection of Human βV-Tubulin Expression in Epithelial Cancer Cell Lines by Tubulin Proteomics (2005)

Tubulin, the constitutive protein of microtubules, is a heterodimeric protein with an alpha and beta subunit, encoded in vertebrates by six and seven different genes, respectively. Each tubulin isotype can be identified by its divergent C-terminal sequence. Nevertheless, two groups of beta-tubulin isotypes can be distinguished by sequence alignment; one includes betaI-, betaII-, betaIVa-, and betaIVb-tubulin, and the other includes betaIII-, betaV-, and betaVI-tubulin. betaIII-tubulin overexpression has been associated with microtubule destabilization and resistance to Taxol. Recent data indicate that mouse betaV-tubulin overexpression in CHO cells results in profound microtubule disorganization and dependence of cells on Taxol for growth. Mouse and human betaV-tubulin sequences display several differences, such as their respective extreme C-terminus, suggesting that they may have different effects on microtubule stability and different affinities for drugs. When high-resolution isoelectric focusing, in-gel CNBr cleavage, and mass spectrometry were combined, we detected for the first time the betaV-tubulin protein in human cell lines and found that it was highly expressed in Hey, an epithelial ovarian cancer cell line. Our data confirm that human and rodent betaV-tubulins are distinct and indicate that, regardless of species, betaIII- and betaV-tubulin may be expressed in a complementary pattern at the protein level. Therefore, both betaIII- and betaV-tubulin expression levels should be systematically determined to assess the role of differential tubulin isotype expression in the response of tumors to drugs targeting microtubules.
Motion‐based counter‐measures to photo attacks in face recognition (2013)

Identity spoofing is a contender for high‐security face‐recognition applications. With the advent of social media and globalised search, peoples face images and videos are wide‐spread on the Internet and can be potentially used to attack biometric systems without previous user consent. Yet, research to counter these threats is just on its infancy – the authors lack public standard databases, protocols to measure spoofing vulnerability and baseline methods to detect these attacks. The contributions of this work to the area are 3‐fold: first, the authors a publicly available PHOTO‐ATTACK database with associated protocols to measure the effectiveness of counter‐measures is introduced. Based on the data available, a study is conducted on current state‐of‐the‐art spoofing detection algorithms based on motion analysis, showing they fail under the light of this new dataset. By last, the authors propose a new technique of counter‐measure solely based on foreground/background motion correlation using optical flow that outperforms all other algorithms achieving nearly perfect scoring with an equal‐error rate of 1.52% on the available test data. The source code leading to the reported results is made available for the replicability of findings in this study.
10 Gbit/s per channel parallel optical transmitter and receiver modules for high-capacity interconnects (2004)

We used a channel-pitch conversion structure to suppress inter-channel crosstalk in 4-channel x 10-Gbit/s parallel optical transmitter and receiver modules for use in highcapacity optical interconnection. Error-fkee transmission with the total throughput of 40 GbiUs over 600 m was successfully demonstrated. 1. Introduction The rapidly increasing volume of data tra& requires the use of cost-effective high-capacity optical interconnection between routers and fiber-transmission equipment in a same building. A parallel optical link is one of the best solutions for such very-short-reach (VSR) applications because of its simple and cost-effective configuration. Many vendors have been developing various configurations for parallel optical links made by ribbon fiber, such as 4- and 12-channel x 2.53.125-GbiUs transmitters and receivers (with a total throughput of 12.5-30 Gbitls) [I, 21. In the near future, parallel optical links with a total throughput of 40 GbiUs and beyond will be needed. One way to achieve veIy highcapacity transmission is to use parallel optical interconnection with a transmission speed of 10 GbiUs per channel [3]. A 4channel configuration [4] with 10-GbiUs channels has enabled all-duplex transmission with a simple single 8-channel ribbon-fiber cable. However, strong inter-channel crosstalk at the high per-channel rate makes multi-channel operation at this rate impracticable. To suppress the inter-channel crosstalk in a parallel architecture, we have developed a channel-pitch conversion structure based on a polymer planar lightwave circuit (PLC) platform, and demonstrated 4-channel x 10-GbiUs parallel transmitter and receiver modules [5-71. In this paper. we describe the characteristics of the fabricated transmitter and receiver modules. We also report on our successfid demonstration of error-free 10GbiUskhannel transmission with the total throughput of 40 Gbitk over 600 m (VSR) and an optical power budget of more than 6 dB.