gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review Macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis (2000)

The abundance and activation of macrophages in the inflamed synovial membrane/pannus significantly correlates with the severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although unlikely to be the ‘initiators ’ of RA (if not as antigen-presenting cells in early disease), macrophages possess widespread pro-inflammatory, destructive, and remodeling capabilities that can critically contribute to acute and chronic disease. Also, activation of the monocytic lineage is not locally restricted, but extends to systemic parts of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Thus, selective counteraction of macrophage activation remains as efficacious approach to diminish local and systemic inflammation, as well as to prevent irreversible joint damage.
Characterization of Be Deposits on Mo, W and Cu Substrates, to Implement in a Neutron Production Target for Accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (2015)

The generation of neutrons through nuclear reactions like Be(d,n), necessary to implement Accelerator-Based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (AB-BNCT), requires stable Be deposits on an adequate substrate. In this paper, first results of beryllium deposits on Mo, W and Cu substrates are shown. In order to achieve the adhesion of the deposits on the different substrates, powder blasting tests under different conditions were made. On the other hand, silver deposits were made on some of the samples, previously blasted, to favor the chemical affinity between beryllium and the substrate thus improving adhesion, Knowles and Hazlett (1970). Beryllium deposits, on these previously treated substrates, were producedusing the Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) technique. Once Be was successfully deposited a film of 10.0±1.2 μm thickness was obtained. The roughnessof substrates and of the beryllium film was determined, showing a mean value of 1.4 μm, 1.1 μm and 2.1 μm for Mo,W and Cu (ofhc) substrates, respectively. To study temperature effect on deposits, a thermal treatment wasperformed under brazing temperature conditions. Subsequently, deposits were characterized by means of different techniques including XR diffraction and Electron Microscopy (SEM).
What’s Positive About ‘Triple-Negative’ Breast Cancer? (2009)

Our understanding of the molecular heterogeneity and pathogenesis of breast cancer has led to significant improvements in patients' survival. The observation of steroid hormone dependence has led to the successful implementation of tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors and other estrogen receptor modulators in both the adjuvant and advanced setting. Similarly, the observation of HER2 amplification and the successful targeting of HER2 with trastuzumab, and more recently lapatinib, have improved the outcome for this subgroup of patients as well. Still, there is a group of women that represent approximately 15-20% of breast cancer diagnoses that do not demonstrate evidence of estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor expression, or HER2 amplification, which often has an aggressive clinical course dictated, not only owing to its underlying biology, but also due to the lack of treatment options available other than chemotherapy. Recent advances in our ability to analyze clinical tissue has allowed for genome-wide screening in an attempt to identify the driving molecular alterations in this subgroup. These studies are increasing our understanding of this group and are leading to the integration of new therapeutic approaches in this disease. In reality, the classification of 'triple-negative' defines this group by the absence of something 'positive'. Here, we will review the current molecular understanding of 'triple-negative' breast cancer and highlight current clinical research in this challenging group of patients.
Variational Principles for Compressible and Incompressible Systems (1970)

Variational principles are established in the frame of macroscopic fluid theory including anisotropic pressure to compare an incompressible regime with any compressible one. It is shown that quite a general static equilibrium is not less stable than the same basic state of compressible fluid
Cardinality estimation of distributed join queries (1999)

Estimation of selectivities or intermediate result sizes are useful in query optimization, as a means of determining the feasibility of queries, and as a quick way of answering queries for which the size of the answer is of interest in its own right. We propose a statistical method for estimating the cardinality of the resulting relation after an equi-join and projection. Under various "uniformity" assumptions on the data, this method relies on statistical information maintained by the system. The result of some experiments on random generated queries and databases are shown. Our method achieves low relative errors, typically about 10%.
Entwicklung und Optimierung eines Hydrat‐Verfahrens zur Meerwasserentsalzung (1973)

Abstract Ziel der Arbeit war es, die Brauchbarkeit der Hydrat‐Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Süßwasser aus dem Meer abzuschätzen. Ausgehend von einer kurzen Darstellung der physikalischen Grundlagen werden die verfahrenstechnische Konzeption und – mittels einer rechnerischen Analyse – die optimale Prozeßführung entwickelt. Die beiden kritischen Schritte des Verfahrens, die Hydratbildung sowie die Separation und Waschung der Kristalle wurden experimentell untersucht. Anhand der aus Rechnung und Experimenten gewonnenen Ergebnisse werden die spezifischen Produktionskosten für verschiedene Anlagengrößen ermittelt. Die Kostenschätzung läßt die Hydrat‐Verfahren wirtschaftlich sehr interessant erscheinen.
MAX<sup>2</sup>: An ReRAM-Based Neural Network Accelerator That Maximizes Data Reuse and Area Utilization (2019)

Although recent advances in resistive random access memory (ReRAM)-based accelerator designs for deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) offer energy-efficiency improvements over CMOS-based accelerators, they have a large number of energy consuming data transactions. In this paper, we propose MAX <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , a multi-tile ReRAM accelerator framework for supporting multiple CNN topologies, that maximizes on-chip data reuse and reduces on-chip bandwidth to minimize energy consumption due to data movement. Building upon the fact that a large filter can be built with a stack of smaller (3×3) filters, we design every tile with nine processing elements (PEs). Each PE consists of multiple ReRAM subarrays to compute the dot product. The PEs operate in a systolic fashion, thereby maximizing input feature map reuse and minimizing interconnection cost. MAX <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chooses the data size granularity in the systolic array in conjunction with weight duplication to achieve very high area utilization without requiring additional peripheral circuits. We provide a detailed energy and area breakdown of each component at the PE level, tile level, and system level. The system-level evaluation in 32-nm node on several VGG-network benchmarks shows that the MAX <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> can improve computation efficiency (TOPs/s/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) by 2.5× and energy efficiency (TOPs/s/W) by 5.2× compared with a state-of-the-art ReRAM-based accelerator.
Incremental, iterative data processing with timely dataflow (2016)

We describe the timely dataflow model for distributed computation and its implementation in the Naiad system. The model supports stateful iterative and incremental computations. It enables both low-latency stream processing and high-throughput batch processing, using a new approach to coordination that combines asynchronous and fine-grained synchronous execution. We describe two of the programming frameworks built on Naiad: GraphLINQ for parallel graph processing, and differential dataflow for nested iterative and incremental computations. We show that a general-purpose system can achieve performance that matches, and sometimes exceeds, that of specialized systems.
Protein-blotting on Polybrene-coated glass-fiber sheets. A basis for acid hydrolysis and gas-phase sequencing of picomole quantities of protein previously separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel (1985)

A procedure has been developed which allows the immobilization on glass-fiber sheets coated with the polyquaternary amine, Polybrene, of proteins and protein fragments previously separated on sodium-dodecylsulfate-containing polyacrylamide gels. The transfer is carried out essentially as has been used for protein blotting on nitrocellulose membranes [Towbin, H., Staehelin, T. and Gordon, J. (1979) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4350-4354], but is now used to determine the amino acid composition and partial sequence of the immobilized proteins. Protein transfer could be carried out after staining the proteins in the gels with Coomassie blue, by which immobilized proteins are visible as blue spots, or without previous staining, after which transferred proteins are detected as fluorescent spots following reaction with fluorescamine. The latter procedure was found to be more efficient and yielded binding capacities of +/- 20 micrograms/cm2. Fluorescamine detection was of equal or higher sensitivity than the classical Coomassie staining of proteins in the gel. Immobilized proteins could be hydrolyzed when still present on the glass fiber and reliable amino acid compositions were obtained for various reference proteins immobilized in less than 100 pmol quantities. In addition, and more importantly, glass-fiber-bound proteins could be subjected to the Edman degradation procedure by simply cutting out the area of the sheet carrying the immobilized protein and mounting the disc in the reaction chamber of the gas-phase sequenator. Results of this immobilization-sequencing technique are shown for immobilized myoglobin (1 nmol) and two proteolytic fragments of actin (+/- 80 pmol each) previously separated on a sodium-dodecylsulfate-containing gel.
Regulating the Drought-responsive Element (DRE)-mediated Signaling Pathway by Synergic Functions of Trans-active and Trans-inactive DRE Binding Factors in Brassica napus (2006)

DREB1/C-repeat binding factor (CBF) is a plant-specific family of transcription factors and plays a crucial role in freeze tolerance. In the present work, two groups of drought-responsive element binding factor (DREB)-like genes were isolated from Brassica napus, named Group I and Group II. The two groups of genes were both induced by low temperature, but the expression of Group I preceded that of Group II. The Group I DREBs could specifically bind with the DRE cis-acting element and activate the expression of downstream genes, but Group II factors were trans-inactive although they still had the ability to bind with DRE, which was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Fluorescence quenching assays indicated that the DRE binding ability of the two groups was similar. Co-expression of Group II could depress the trans-activation activity of Group I DREB in a concentration-dependent manner. These results strongly suggested that the trans-active Group I DREBs were expressed at the early stage of cold stress to open the DRE-mediated signaling pathway in cold stress, whereas the trans-inactive Group II DREBs were expressed at the later stage to close the signal pathway in a competitive manner. The results herein provide a new insight into the regulation mechanisms of the DRE-mediated signaling pathway in response to cold stress.
PROGRESS TOWARDS MICROWAVE IGNITION OF EXPLOSIVES (2009)

It is known that various materials are caused to spark when subjected to microwave radiation, and others can be heated to extremely high temperatures. This paper studies the behaviour of graphite under microwave radiation using a multi‐mode 2.45 GHz±50 Hz microwave cavity, and its potential applications in propellant ignition systems. Evidence for a correlation between sample mass and arcing intensity is presented, and a linear relationship between sample mass and temperature is found. Both graphite powder and flakes show increasing arcing intensity with increasing mass up to ∼150 mg, after which the behaviour is more dispersed. The temperature achieved increases linearly with increasing mass, with maximum temperatures of 1,011° C and 657° C achieved for powder (<0.1 mm) and flakes respectively—well above thermal ignition temperatures for most common explosives.
Specific Radioimmunoassay of Chorionic Gonadotropin During Implantation in Rhesus Monkeys (1974)

Antisera to the β subunit of ovine luteinizing hormone were generated in ten rabbits. Using antiserum H-26, we have developed a sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for macaque chorionic gonadotropin (mCG) in which neither circulating nor urinary gonadotropins of pituitary origin cross-react. With this specific assay, we have measured mCG concentrations in both peripheral blood and urine specimens collected during the menstrual cycle in which rhesus monkeys conceived. Serum progesterone levels were measured concurrently. MCG in serum and urine was first measured from the 21st to 25th day of the fertile cycle or 8 to 12 days after the estimated day of conception. Mean concentrations of serum progesterone were significantly elevated within 24 to 48 hr after the appearance of mCG in serum. These findings demonstrate that the attaching blastocyst or the developing syncytiotrophoblast either already possesses or rapidly attains the capacity to secrete mCG. The presence of mCG at the time of implantation probably maintains the viability of the corpus luteum and temporarily enhances progesterone secretion immediately following implantation.
Charging and Aggregation of Latex Particles by Oppositely Charged Dendrimers (2004)

Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were shown to adsorb strongly on negatively charged latex particles, and their effect on the particle charge and aggregation behavior was investigated by light scattering and electrophoretic mobility measurements. Time-resolved simultaneous static and dynamic light scattering was used to measure absolute aggregation rate constants. With increasing dendrimer dose, the overall charge could be tuned from negative to positive values through the isoelectric point (IEP). The aggregation is fast near the IEP and slows down further away. With decreasing ionic strength, the region of fast aggregation narrows and the dependence of the aggregation rate on the dendrimer dose is more pronounced. Surface charge heterogeneities become important for higher dendrimer generations. They widen the fast aggregation region, reduce the dependence of the aggregation rate on the dendrimer dose, and lead to an acceleration of the rate in the fast aggregation regime near the IEP. The ratio of the dendrimer charge and the particle charge exceeds the stoichiometric ratio of unity substantially and further increases with increasing generation. The tentative interpretation of such superstoichiometric charge neutralization involves coadsorption of anions and the finite thickness of the adsorbed dendrimer layer.
The Association of the Sodium “Setpoint” to Interdialytic Weight Gain and Blood Pressure in Hemodialysis Patients (2007)

These data suggest that interdialytic weight gain in individual patients may be associated with the use of dialysate Na+ concentration in excess of the patient's desired Na+ 'setpoint'. More individualization of dialysate Na+ concentration may be indicated.
Localized propagation modes guided by shear discontinuities in photonic crystals (2006)

We propose and analyze shear discontinuities as a new type of defect in photonic crystals. This defect can support guided modes with minimum group velocity dispersion (GVD) and maximum bandwidth, provided that the shear shift equals half the lattice constant. A mode gap emerges when the shear shift is different than half the lattice constant. The shear shift can be used to tune the bandwidth, group velocity, and group velocity dispersion (GVD) of the guided mode. The necessary condition for the existence of guided modes along the shear plane is discussed.
Neural-network construction and selection in nonlinear modeling (2003)

We study how statistical tools which are commonly used independently can advantageously be exploited together in order to improve neural network estimation and selection in nonlinear static modeling. The tools we consider are the analysis of the numerical conditioning of the neural network candidates, statistical hypothesis tests, and cross validation. We present and analyze each of these tools in order to justify at what stage of a construction and selection procedure they can be most useful. On the basis of this analysis, we then propose a novel and systematic construction and selection procedure for neural modeling. We finally illustrate its efficiency through large-scale simulations experiments and real-world modeling problems.
Immunologic Consequences of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> Live Vaccine Strain Infection: Role of the Innate Immune Response in Infection and Immunity (2006)

Francisella tularensis (Ft), a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium, is the etiologic agent of tularemia. Although attenuated for humans, i.p. infection of mice with <10 Ft live vaccine strain (LVS) organisms causes lethal infection that resembles human tularemia, whereas the LD50 for an intradermal infection is >10(6) organisms. To examine the immunological consequences of Ft LVS infection on the innate immune response, the inflammatory responses of mice infected i.p. or intradermally were compared. Mice infected i.p. displayed greater bacterial burden and increased expression of proinflammatory genes, particularly in the liver. In contrast to most LPS, highly purified Ft LVS LPS (10 microg/ml) was found to be only minimally stimulatory in primary murine macrophages and in HEK293T cells transiently transfected with TLR4/MD-2/CD14, whereas live Ft LVS bacteria were highly stimulatory for macrophages and TLR2-expressing HEK293T cells. Despite the poor stimulatory activity of Ft LVS LPS in vitro, administration of 100 ng of Ft LVS LPS 2 days before Ft LVS challenge severely limited both bacterial burden and cytokine mRNA and protein expression in the absence of detectable Ab at the time of bacterial challenge, yet these mice developed a robust IgM Ab response within 2 days of infection and survived. These data suggest that prior administration of Ft LVS LPS protects the host by diminishing bacterial burden and blunting an otherwise overwhelming inflammatory response, while priming the adaptive immune response for development of a strong Ab response.
Classifying clear and conversational speech based on acoustic features (2009)

This paper reports an investigation of features relevant for classifying two speaking styles, namely, conversational speaking style and clear (e.g. hyper-articulated) speaking style. Spectral and prosodic features were automatically extracted from speech and classified using decision tree classifiers and multilayer perceptrons to achieve accuracies of about 71% and 77% respectively. More interestingly, we found that out of the 56 features only about 9 features are needed to capture the most predictive power. While perceptual studies have shown that spectral cues are more useful than prosodic features for intelligibility [1], here we find prosodic features are more important for classification. Index Terms: binary classification, acoustic features, decision tree classifier, multilayer perceptron,
Three‐dimensional mapping of brain neuropils in the cockroach, <i>Diploptera punctata</i> (2001)

Herein, we present a complete three-dimensional (3D) map of major neuropil structures in the central brain of the cockroach Diploptera punctata. The positions of the structures have been ascertained by confocal microscopy, which, until now-for reasons of tissue opacity and nonhomogeneity-has been thought impractical in imaging fluorescently labeled structures thicker than 150 microm. In this report, however, we have used digestive enzymes and microwave-aided fixation to stain, clear, and optically section, in its entirety, an intact central brain more than 500 microm thick. The central brain from an adult female cockroach was stained thoroughly with the membrane probe NBD-ceramide and the DNA probe propidium iodide. The central brain as well as such neuropil regions as mushroom bodies, central complex, antennal glomeruli, and lobus glomerulati were individually outlined, segmented, and reconstructed in three dimensions to a spatial resolution of approximately 1 microm in the X-Y plane and 3 microm in the Z plane. The volume and surface area of each neuropil compartment were determined, and Kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies were counted. We determined that each brain hemisphere contains about 230,000 Kenyon cells, 99 antennal lobe glomeruli, and 40 lobus glomerulatus glomeruli. Segmented compartments were assigned as separate channels and merged into a single data base to reconstruct a 3D central brain containing eight different channels. This is the first 3D map at submicron resolution of an entire animal's brain that measures more than 500 microm in thickness.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Preparation of Grignard Compounds (2000)

The “inorganic Grignard reagents”, in particular those of 1, have surprisingly been shown to be efficient homogeneous catalysts for the conversion of inactive chloroarenes and heteroarenes (via the aryl–iron intermediate 2) into the corresponding Grignard compounds. The aryl–Grignard compounds are starting materials for, among other things, the preparation of aryl boron acid esters, which serve as substrates for the technically important Suzuki coupling.
A computational method for recording and analysis of mandibular movements (2008)

This study proposed the development of a new clinical tool capable of quantifying the movements of opening-closing, protrusion and laterotrusion of the mandible. These movements are important for the clinical evaluation of the temporomandibular function and muscles involved in mastication. Unlike current commercial systems, the proposed system employs a low-cost video camera and a computer program that is used for reconstructing the trajectory of a reflective marker that is fixed on the mandible. In order to illustrate the clinical application of this tool, a clinical experiment consisting on the evaluation of the mandibular movements of 12 subjects was conducted. The results of this study were compatible with those found in the literature with the advantage of using a low cost, simple, non-invasive, and flexible tool customized for the needs of the practical clinic.