gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arteriolar oxygenation in tumour and subcutaneous arterioles: effects of inspired air oxygen content. (1996)

Carbogen is thought to be more effective than normobaric oxygen in reducing tumour hypoxia because it may reduce hyperoxic vasoconstriction. In this study, tumour and normal arteriolar diameters were measured simultaneously with perivascular pO2 during air breathing followed by either carbogen or 100% oxygen to determine whether the action of carbogen is the result of alterations in feeding vessel diameter. Fischer-344 rats bearing dorsal flap window chambers, with or without implanted R3230AC tumours, were the experimental subjects. Arteriolar diameters were measured using optical techniques and perivascular pO2 was measured using recessed-tip electrodes (3-6 microns tip diameter). Baseline arteriolar pO2 averaged 30-50% of blood gas pO2 (mean = 97 mmHg). Both hyperoxic gases increased blood gas pO2 by 4-to 5-fold, but relative improvements in arteriolar pO2 were < or = 2.5 for all arterioles studied. This means that these normobaric high O2 gases are not very efficient in increasing O2 delivery to tumours. In addition, improvements in tumour arteriolar pO2 were transient for both hyperoxic gases. Oxygen and carbogen caused no change and mild vasodilatory responses in tumour arterioles, respectively. Normal arterioles on the other hand, tended toward vasoconstriction by carbogen breathing. Peri-arteriolar pO2 in tumours increased within the first 5 min of breathing either hyperoxic gas, followed by a decline back toward values seen with air-breathing. These results suggest that temporal changes in tumour oxygenation after exposure to carbogen or O2 may not be due to changes in perfusion. Other factors, such as changes in O2 consumption rate may be involved.
New diagnostic and therapeutic tools for tuberculosis using anti-ESAT-6/CFP-10 aptamers (2008)

INTRODUCTION Where infectious diseases are concerned, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the biggest killers despite the worldwide use of a live attenuated vaccine and several antibiotics. An estimated eight million new cases are reported annually with two million deaths. The latter are compounded by the emergence of drug resistance TB and coinfections with HIV. In 2004, it was estimated that more than 4% of the worldʼs infected people living with active TB are in South Africa. During this period, South Africa accounted for about 2% of the worldʼs new cases; and approximately 3% of the total number of people who died of TB were in South Africa.
Recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder after surgical repair. Apparent causes of failure and treatment. (1984)

We analyzed the cases of thirty-nine patients who were treated for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder after unsuccessful surgical repair for the same condition in order to identify factors responsible for failure of the earlier operations and to determine the results of treatment of the post-surgical recurrence. The prior operations included nineteen Bankart, seven Putti-Platt, five Magnuson, three duToit, two Bristow, and three Nicola procedures. Thirty-two shoulders were treated by reoperation. At reoperation the most common pathological lesion associated with recurrence of the dislocation after the prior repair was a Bankart lesion (avulsion of the capsule and labrum from the anterior glenoid rim). This was present in 84 per cent of the thirty-two shoulders that were treated by reoperation. Excessive laxity of the capsule was found in 83 per cent of the twenty-nine shoulders in which laxity was assessed, and was considered to be the primary cause of instability in four shoulders. A Hill-Sachs lesion of the humeral head was found in 76 per cent of the twenty-nine shoulders that were evaluated for this lesion and was large in three of the shoulders. Other factors that were associated with recurrent instability were scarring of the subscapularis muscle, generalized ligament laxity, technical errors at surgery, and severe reinjury. The success rate of reoperation after previous failure was very encouraging. Of the twenty-four shoulders that were reoperated on and were followed for two years or longer, ten were graded excellent; twelve, good; and two, poor. One (4 per cent) of the twenty-four shoulders that were reoperated on continued to dislocate and another shoulder continued to subluxate, making the incidence of recurrent instability after reoperation 8 per cent. Seven of the thirty-nine shoulders did not have a reoperation but were treated with specific resistive exercises. The results in these were one excellent, four good, one fair, and one poor. Eight patients were lost to follow-up.
A Sigma-Delta Resistance to Digital Converter Suitable for Differential Resistive Sensors (2008)

This paper presents a novel resistance-to-digital converter (RDC) suitable for differential resistive sensors. The proposed RDC provides a digital output linearly proportional to the parameter being sensed by a differential resistive sensor not only for differential resistive sensors possessing linear characteristic but also for sensors possessing inverse characteristic. The proposed RDC is based on the sigma-delta type analog-to-digital converter (Sigma-Delta ADC) principle and hence possesses all the advantages and limitations of a Sigma-Delta ADC. Experimental results on a prototype built and tested gave a worst case error < 0.15 %, establishing the efficacy of the proffered RDC.
Mid-air display experiments to create novel user interfaces (2009)

Displays are the most visible part of most computer applications. Novel display technologies strongly influence and inspire new forms of computer use and interaction. We are particularly interested in the interplay of novel displays and interaction for ubiquitous computing or ambient media environments, as emerging display technologies may become game-changers in how we define and use computers, possibly changing the context of computing fundamentally. We present some of our experiments and lessons learnt with a new category of displays, the “immaterial” FogScreen. It can be described as a novel media platform, exhibiting some fundamental differences to and advantages over other displays. It also enables novel kinds of user interfaces and experiences. In this paper we give insights about the special properties and strengths of the FogScreen by looking at a set of successfully demonstrated interfaces and applications. We also discuss its future potential for user interface design.
Setting Clinical Exposure Levels of Concern for Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) Using Mechanistic<i>in vitro</i>Assays (2015)

Severe drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a major safety issue due to its frequency of occurrence, idiosyncratic nature, poor prognosis, and diverse underlying mechanisms. Numerous experimental approaches have been published to improve human DILI prediction with modest success. A retrospective analysis of 125 drugs (70 = most-DILI, 55 = no-DILI) from the Food and Drug Administration Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base was used to investigate DILI prediction based on consideration of human exposure alone or in combination with mechanistic assays of hepatotoxic liabilities (cytotoxicity, bile salt export pump inhibition, or mitochondrial inhibition/uncoupling). Using this dataset, human plasma Cmax,total ≥ 1.1 µM alone distinguished most-DILI from no-DILI compounds with high sensitivity/specificity (80/73%). Accounting for human exposure improved the sensitivity/specificity for each assay and helped to derive predictive safety margins. Compounds with plasma Cmax,total ≥ 1.1 µM and triple liabilities had significantly higher odds ratio for DILI than those with single/dual liabilities. Using this approach, a subset of recent pharmaceuticals with evidence of liver injury during clinical development was recognized as potential hepatotoxicants. In summary, plasma Cmax,total ≥ 1.1 µM along with multiple mechanistic liabilities is a major driver for predictions of human DILI potential. In applying this approach during drug development the challenge will be generating accurate estimates of plasma Cmax,total at efficacious doses in advance of generating true exposure data from clinical studies. In the meantime, drug candidates with multiple hepatotoxic liabilities should be deprioritized, since they have the highest likelihood of causing DILI in case their efficacious plasma Cmax,total in humans is higher than anticipated.
Radionuclide removal from water (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadionuclide removal from waterLouis KosarekCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1979, 13, 5, 522–525Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online28 March 2005Published inissue 1 May 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/es60153a609Request reuse permissionsArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Designing Optimal Surface Currents for Efficient On-Chip mm-Wave Radiators With Active Circuitry (2016)

Integrated antennas have become the attractive solution as the electromagnetic (EM) interface for mm-Wave and terahertz ICs. However, on-chip antennas lying at the interface between two different dielectrics (such as air and substrate) can channel most of its power into multiple nonradiative surface-wave modes, reducing efficiency drastically. In this paper, we consider the following problem: given a dielectric substrate, what is the theoretical optimal 2-D surface-current configuration that collectively suppresses surface waves and maximizes radiation efficiency with the desirable radiation pattern? This paper also discusses demonstrative examples of a circuit-EM codesign approach to realize the approximation of such current configurations. Measurement results of radiating arrays in CMOS at mm-Wave frequencies (250-300 GHz) are presented and compared with theoretical predictions.
Cloning and molecular characterization of a gene involved in <i>Salmonella</i> adherence and invasion of cultured epithelial cells (1993)

Our laboratories have independently identified a gene in Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella typhimurium that is necessary for efficient adherence and entry of these organisms into cultured epithelial cells. Introduction of a mutated gene into several Salmonella strains belonging to different serotypes rendered these organisms deficient for adherence and invasion of cultured cells. This effect was most pronounced in the host-adapted serotypes Salmonella gallinarum, S. choleraesuis, and Salmonella typhi. The nucleotide sequence of this gene, which we have termed invH, encodes a predicted 147-amino-acid polypeptide containing a signal sequence. The InvH predicted polypeptide is highly conserved in S. typhimurium and S. choleraesuis, differing at only three residues. The invH gene was expressed in Escherichia coli using a T7 RNA polymerase expression system and a polypeptide of approximately 16,000 molecular weight was observed, in agreement with the predicted size of its gene product. Upon fractionation, the expressed polypeptide was localized in the bacterial membrane fraction. Southern and colony hybridization analyses indicated that the invH gene is present in all Salmonella strains tested (91 strains belonging to 37 serotypes) with the exception of strains of Salmonella arizonae. No homologous sequences were detected in Yersinia, Shigella, Proteus, and several strains of enteroinvasive and enteropathogenic E. coli. Downstream from the S. choleraesuis (but not S. typhimurium) invH gene, a region with extensive homology to the insertion sequence IS3 was detected.
Locally targeted cytoprotection with dextran sulfate attenuates experimental porcine myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (2005)

The significant cardioprotection obtained through targeted cytoprotection of ischaemic tissue prior to reperfusion in this model of acute myocardial infarction suggests a possible role for the local modulation of vascular inflammation by glycosaminoglycan analogues as a novel therapy to reduce reperfusion injury.
Cinderella cancer: A personal history of the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation Ray Donnelly Cinderella Cancer: A Personal History of the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation The Bluecoat Press 176 £7.99 1 904438 37 7 1904438377 (2006)

This is an extremely enjoyable book, which takes us on the journey involved in setting up a charity. While working as a cardiothoracic surgeon in 1990, author Ray Donnelly was shocked at the high incidence of lung cancers he was treating.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Interfaced with Fluorescence Line-Narrowing Spectroscopy for On-Line Analysis (2001)

We have demonstrated, for the first time, that high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be interfaced with fluorescence line-narrowing spectroscopy (FLNS) for on-line identification and characterization of analytes. Interfacing centered primarily on the design and construction of a novel liquid helium cryostat that accommodates variable-sized quartz tubes/capillaries suitable for HPLC as well as capillary electrophoresis/electrochromatography. In addition to the high spectral resolution afforded by FLNS, analyzing the separated components at 4.2 K minimizes photodegradation from the excitation source and provides indefinite detection times for signal averaging. The proof-of-principle for the HPLC-FLNS system is first demonstrated with a mixture of four structurally similar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and then applied to the analysis of DNA adducts from mouse skin exposed to the carcinogen dibenzo[a,l]pyrene. With femtomole detection limits, HPLC-FLNS can be used for real-world analyses of complex mixtures.
Pocket PC beacons (2005)

The Network-Centric Applied Research Team (N-CART) is continuing its work on an ambitious project known as the Network-Enabled Powered Wheelchair Adaptor Kit (NEPWAK) [25]. It introduces techniques for modifying and using powered wheelchairs as mobile platforms enabling communication and remote control. The wheelchair runs a PC104 based embedded server allowing both PC and PocketPC clients to connect in either infrastructure or ad-hoc mode. The clients receive audio, video and other sensory feedback from the wheelchair and can send control data for maneuvering the wheelchair. In this paper we present our preliminary work on a novel, inexpensive and coarse 'Human Tracking and Following' system for NEPWAK. Our approach uses a custom built highly directional steerable Wi-Fi antenna on the wheelchair that scans the Wi-Fi signal strength of its peer. This can be used to track and follow a person carrying a Wi-Fi enabled pocketPC.
Assay Development for Histone Methyltransferases (2013)

Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in human diseases. Unlike genetic mutations, however, they do not change the underlying DNA sequences. Epigenetic phenomena have gained increased attention in the field of cancer research, with many studies indicating that they are significantly involved in tumor establishment and progression. Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) are a large group of enzymes that specifically methylate protein lysine and arginine residues, especially in histones, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as the methyl donor. However, in general, HMTs have no widely accepted high-throughput screening (HTS) assay format, and reference inhibitors are not available for many of the enzymes. In this study, we describe the application of a miniaturized, radioisotope-based reaction system: the HotSpot(SM) platform for methyltransferases. Since this platform employs tritiated SAM as a cofactor, it can be applied to the assay of any HMT. The key advantage of this format is that any substrate can be used, including peptides, proteins, or even nucleosomes, without the need for labeling or any other modifications. Using this platform, we have determined substrate specificities, characterized enzyme kinetics, performed compound profiling for both lysine and arginine methyltransferases, and carried out HTS for a small-library LOPAC against DOT1L. After hit confirmation and profiling, we found that suramin inhibited DOT1L, NSD2, and PRMT4 with IC₅₀ values at a low μM range.
A Review on Novel Techniques for Chalcopyrite Ore Processing (2012)

Chalcopyrite ores are usually processed by means of hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical processes, but due to environmental aspects and the possibility of increased exploitation of mixed and lower grade ores and relatively small isolated deposits, there has been a worldwide upsurge of interest in the hydrometallurgical processes of this ore as compared to pyrometallurgy. The different concentrates obtained through differential flotation in pyrometallurgy are usually of poor quality with low metal recovery. This further makes pyrometallurgical processing of chalcopyrite very difficult and costly and rendered them difficult to commercialize. As a result, the metal value is preferably extracted directly from low grade ores through hydrometallurgical process. A detailed review of chalcopyrite deposits, production and consumption, mining, ore processing, steps involved in the pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processing of copper as well as the dissolution kinetics and microbial studies of chalcopyrite ore were discussed.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and the Mobility of Water in CsMnCl3·2H2O (1971)

The 1H, 2D, 35Cl, and 133Cs NMR of CsMnCl2·2H2O single crystals have been studied. The proton positions could be determined from the observed shift and dipolar splitting and the deuteron positions from the nuclear quadrupole interaction. Conclusions about the hydrogen bonding network were drawn. The rate of the H2O and D2O reorientation was examined by NMR linewidth measurements at different temperatures and an activation energy of 8.4 kcal/mole computed. Positions and reorientation rate showed no measurable isotope effects. The NMR of the two chlorine sites at room temperature gave νq = 6.106 Mc/sec, η = 0.285 for the bridged chlorine (Mn–Cl–Mn) and νq = 4.192 Mc/sec, η = 0.727 for the single bonded (Mn–Cl). In both cases a hyperfine interaction of As = 1.30 × 10−4cm−1 and Ap = 0.14 × 10−4cm−1 was calculated from the observed paramagnetic shifts. The quadrupole coupling and magnetic shift tensors of 133Cs were measured and from the linewidth and saturation the relaxation times estimated.
Efficacy and safety of the coadministration of ezetimibe with fenofibrate in patients with mixed hyperlipidaemia (2005)

Coadministration of EZE with FENO provided a complementary efficacy therapy that improves the atherogenic lipid profile of patients with mixed hyperlipidaemia.
Biomaterial aspects of calcium phosphates. Properties and applications. (1986)

Biomaterials composed of calcium phosphate ceramics are receiving increasing attention as potential bone graft substitutes. These substances have proved to be the most biocompatible hard-tissue implant materials discovered. The mechanical and biologic properties of the calcium phosphates, as well as their present and future applications, are discussed.
Development of a hexagonal-shaped rapid thermal processor using a vertical tube (1994)

A new RTP system concept is proposed and demonstrated. The system uses a vertical cylindrical quartz tube, while the wafer is placed horizontally. Linear halogen lamps are arranged in a hexagonal shape, and the hexagonal-shaped lamp groups are stacked vertically. Each lamp group is controlled independently, allowing a temperature difference within /spl plusmn/1.5/spl deg/C to be achieved over a 6-in wafer in steady state. Oxidation under optimal power condition results in a 1.37% standard deviation for an average oxide thickness of 110.4 /spl Aring/. The temperature nonuniformity during the transient has been greatly improved by using dynamic control. The convection loss in the system has been evaluated and its radial dependence is found to be smoother in this chamber than in a conventional rectangular chamber. The ray-tracing simulation in three-dimensional space did result in a better comprehension of the optically complex system. The system efficiency has turned out to be lower than in the case of a conventional rectangular chamber. A large portion of the radiation energy is absorbed by the reflectors. There is a strong side heating to the vertical edge of the wafer. Both are due to multiple horizontal reflections of the rays on the reflectors without hitting the wafer. The temperature profiles calculated from the ray-tracing results show an excellent agreement with experiments and confirm the accuracy of the ray-tracing simulation. The main advantages of this new system concept are its excellent temperature uniformity and the good accessibility of the wafer for technological treatments and in situ measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Excimer‐laser‐induced fluorescence of rabbit cornea: Radiometric measurement through the cornea (1991)

The laser-induced fluorescence spectrum of rabbit cornea irradiated at ablative intensities was measured. This system directly measured the radiant exposure of fluorescence transmitted through the cornea when the anterior surface of the cornea was irradiated by an ArF excimer laser. Evidence of changing spectral characteristics as a function of total laser dose suggests photochemical changes in the cornea may be occurring. Results are compared with previous data of laser-induced fluorescence in other models and detection schemes.
Treatment of Aniline Poisoning with Exchange Transfusion (1988)

A case of aniline poisoning with methemoglobinemia unresponsive to methylene blue is described. Exchange transfusion proved successful. A rationale for the failure of methylene blue under these circumstances is described.
Infrared spectroscopic studies of sodium dodecyl sulphate permeation and interaction with stratum corneum lipids in skin (2011)

The barrier function of skin is primarily provided by the lamellar lipid matrix of the stratum corneum (SC), which has been shown in previous infrared (IR) and related studies to consist predominantly of ordered lipids packed in orthorhombic and hexagonal domains. In the current work, we investigate the effects of the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), on SC lipid packing and phase behaviour, using FT-IR spectroscopy. The use of acyl chain perdeuterated SDS allows unequivocal spectroscopic detection of both endogenous lipid and exogenous material in intact tissue. IR spectra were acquired as a function of temperature from isolated human SC exposed to SDS for various incubation periods at 34°C. SDS is found to enter the SC and is observed to be in a more ordered state in the SC than in solution, indicating that the SDS interacts with the ordered SC lipids. The results reveal that SDS reduces the amount of orthorhombic phase in the SC and increases the amount of hexagonally packed lipid at physiologically relevant temperatures. In addition, a small decrease in the lipid T(m) (acyl chain melting temperature) is observed. Furthermore, these SDS-induced changes were found to be strongly dependent on the time of exposure.