gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal microRNA-132 mediates stress-inducible cognitive deficits through its acetylcholinesterase target (2012)

Diverse stress stimuli induce long-lasting cognitive deficits, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Here, we report three different stress models demonstrating that stress-inducible increases in microRNA-132 (miR-132) and consequent decreases in its acetylcholinesterase (AChE) target are causally involved. In a mild model of predator scent-induced anxiety, we demonstrate long-lasting hippocampal elevation of miR-132, accompanied by and associated with reduced AChE activity. Using lentiviral-mediated suppression of "synaptic" AChE-S mRNA, we quantified footshock stress-inducible changes in miR-132 and AChE and its corresponding cognitive damages. Stressed mice showed long-lasting impairments in the Morris water maze. In contrast, pre-stress injected AChE-suppressing lentivirus, but not a control virus, reduced hippocampal levels of both miR-132 and AChE and maintained similar cognitive performance to that of naïve, non-stressed mice. To dissociate between miR-132 and synaptic AChE-S as potential causes for stress-inducible cognitive deficits, we further used engineered TgR mice with enforced over-expression of the soluble "readthrough" AChE-R variant without the 3'-untranslated region binding site for miR-132. TgR mice displayed excess AChE-R in hippocampal neurons, enhanced c-fos labeling and correspondingly intensified reaction to the cholinergic agonist pilocarpine. They further showed excessive hippocampal expression of miR-132, accompanied by reduced host AChE-S mRNA and the GTPase activator p250GAP target of miR-132. At the behavioral level, TgR mice showed abnormal nocturnal locomotion patterns and serial maze mal-performance in spite of their reduced AChE-S levels. Our findings attribute stress-inducible cognitive impairments to cholinergic-mediated induction of miR-132 and consequently suppressed ACHE-S, opening venues for intercepting these miR-132-mediated damages.
T Cells at the Site of Autoimmune Inflammation Show Increased Potential for Trogocytosis (2013)

CD4+ T cells acquire membrane fragments from antigen-presenting-cells via a process termed trogocytosis. Identifying which CD4+ T cells undergo trogocytosis in co-culture with Ag-loaded APC can enrich for antigen-reactive T cells without knowledge of their fine specificity or cytokine-production profiles. We sought to assess the suitability of this method to identify disease relevant effector and regulatory T cells during autoimmune inflammation. Trogocytosis efficiently identified MBP-reactive T cells in vitro and ex-vivo following immunization. However, Foxp3+ regulatory T cells constitutively displayed a higher rate of trogocytosis than their Foxp3- counterparts which limits the potential of trogocytosis to identify antigen-reactive Treg cells. During inflammation a locally elevated rate of trogocytosis (seen in both effector and regulatory T cells isolated from the inflamed CNS) precludes the use of trogocytosis as a measure of antigenic reactivity among cells taken from inflammatory sites. Our results indicate trogocytosis detection can enrich for Ag-reactive conventional T cells in the periphery but is limited in its ability to identify Ag-reactive Treg or T effector cells at sites of inflammation. Increased trogocytosis potential at inflammatory sites also draws into the question the biological significance of this phenomenon during inflammation, in Treg mediated suppression and for the maintenance of tolerance in health and disease.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to Methane on Platinum Catalysts without Overpotentials: Strategies for Improving Conversion Efficiency (2019)

The electrochemical CO2 reduction to hydrocarbons and alcohols with sustainable energies is a promising technology for reducing atmospheric CO2 and storing electricity as chemical energy. However, the development of catalysts with high activities, high product selectivities, and low overpotentials to drive the reaction remains a major challenge for practical applications. On Pt, CO2 reduction to CO occurs easily, but further reduction to hydrocarbons and alcohols is difficult because of the strong adsorption of CO on the Pt surface. Consequently, Pt is considered an inactive catalyst and has been studied less than other transition metals such as Cu and Au. Herein, we show that adsorbed CO is selectively reduced to methane on carbon-supported Pt catalysts at low CO2 partial pressures and, crucially, at potentials close to the thermodynamic equilibrium potential of the reaction (0.16 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode), i.e., without overpotentials. Although the estimated apparent faradaic efficiency of 6.8% is not sufficiently high for commercial applications, this is the first demonstration of electrochemical methane generation without an overpotential. We suggest that the overpotential deposition (OPD) of hydrogen atoms at the atop sites of the Pt surface facilitates the reduction of adsorbed CO to methane and that the onset of hydrogen OPD coincidentally matches the equilibrium potential of methane generation. Mechanistic considerations also answer some questions raised by the present experiments, such as why low CO2 pressures are favorable for selective methane generation and why the faradaic efficiency is low. Overall, the results provide useful information for rationally designing effective CO2RR catalysts.
Application of Prony's method to time-domain reflectometer data and equivalent circuit synthesis (1979)

The singularity expansion of time-domain reflectometer data has been computed and used to calculate lumped-element equivalent circuits for the impedance of some typical antennas. Prony's algorithm was used to obtain the poles of the antennas' terminal voltage waveform due to a step-like excitation. The residues, however, were calculated subject to the uniform-error norm instead of the least-squared-error norm. Although it requires much longer to calculate, the uniform-error norm approximation is often orders of magnitude better than the least-squared-error approximation. The physical realizability of impedance functions obtained from experimental data has been investigated. Also, the procedures necessary to synthesize the lumped-element network have been evaluated. A simple partial-fraction expansion of a realizable impedance function representing an antenna was found to yield nonrealizable element values. A general network synthesis procedure, such as Brune's method, is required.
The use of abscisic acid analogues to analyse the substrate selectivity of UGT71B6, a UDP‐glycosyltransferase of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2005)

This study analyses the activity of an Arabidopsis thaliana UDP-glycosyltransferase, UGT71B6 (71B6), towards abscisic acid (ABA) and its structural analogues. The enzyme preferentially glucosylated ABA and not its catabolites. The requirement for a specific chiral configuration of (+)-ABA was demonstrated through the use of analogues with the chiral centre changed or removed. The enzyme was able to accommodate extra bulk around the double bond of the ABA ring but not alterations to the 8'- and 9'-methyl groups. Interestingly, the ketone of ABA was not required for glucosylation. Bioactive analogues, resistant to 8'-hydroxylation, were also poor substrates for conjugation by UGT71B6. This suggests the compounds may be resistant to both pathways of ABA inactivation and may, therefore, prove to be useful agrochemicals for field applications.
A novel interdigital capacitor with accurate model for left-handed metamaterials (2010)

This paper presents a novel interdigital capacitor (IDC) structure with accurate lumped-element circuit model. The IDC employs slotted ground structures and via holes. The proposed structure is able to eliminate the spurious spikes of conventional IDCs. A novel circuit model for the proposed interdigital capacitor is constructed to predict the characteristics of the left-handed metamaterial (LHM) unit cell integrating the proposed IDC. Simulation and measurement show that the spurious spikes are suppressed and the left-handed (LH) characteristics are well predicted by the proposed circuit model.
Linking nursing pain assessment, decision-making and documentation (2001)

A clinical nurse specialist's (CNS) experience in the development and implementation of a pain assessment and treatment flowsheet (PATF) to enhance the nursing assessment, decision-making, and documentation of pain on a palliative care unit in a community hospital is described in this article. Members of the palliative care interdisciplinary team use the PATF for clinical decision-making in the day-to-day management of patients' pain. The PATF is undergoing revision and re-implementation to promote the utilization of the tool beyond the specialty of palliative care and into the general patient population.
All-optical high speed NOR gate based on two photon absorption in silicon wire waveguides (2006)

We demonstrate for the first time an all-optical logic NOR gate in submicron size silicon wire waveguides. High speed operation at equivalent 80 Gbps data rate was achieved using pump induced non-degenerate two-photon absorption inside the waveguides. The device requires low pulse energy (few pJ) for logic gate operation
Propagation of Asparagus Through Shoot Apex Culture. I. Nutrient Medium for Formation of Plantlets1 (1972)

Abstract A nutrient medium which enabled rapid formation of new spears and roots in shoot apices excised from buds as well as lateral branches of Asparagus officinalis L. spears was developed. This medium was composed of the following, in mg/1 : Murashige and Skoog’s inorganic salts; NAA, 0.3; kinetin, 0.1; thiamin·HC1, 1.0; pyridoxin·HCl, 5.0; nicotinic acid, 5.0; myo-inositol , 100; adenine sulfate·dihydrate, 40; sucrose, 25,000; Difco Bacto malt extract, 500; NaH 2 PO 4 ·H 2 O, 170; and Difco Bacto agar, 6000. The shoot apices were cultured under 1000 lux Gro Lux or Plant Gro light and at constant 27°C. The explants were 0.15 mm in height and composed of the apical meristem plus a few visible subjacent primordial leaves. Within 6 weeks an avg of 80-90% of the cultures developed into miniature plants with several spears and roots. These plants, however, could not be transferred to soil with much success. The transfer necessitated further culture under another set of conditions, details of which are currently under investigation. The nutrient medium was inapplicable to shoot apex cultures of A. densiflora (Kunth) Jessop cv. Meyers, A. densiflora (Kunth) Jessop cv. Sprengeri, and, A. sarmentosus (Hort.).
Evaluation of Granular Surfactant-Modified/Zeolite Zero Valent Iron Pellets As a Reactive Material for Perchloroethylene Reduction (2005)

The use of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) for groundwater remediation is based on two distinct mechanisms: sorption and transformation. With sorption as the main mechanism, contaminants sorb on the PRB materials and are retarded. With transformation as the main mechanism, the contaminants react with the PRB materials and then converted to less toxic or innocuous substances. In this study, we tested surfactant-modified zeolite/zero valent iron (SMZ/ZVI) pellets as a PRB material to retard and degrade perchloroethylene (PCE), utilizing both sorption and transformation processes. Batch PCE kinetic studies showed instantaneous PCE removal from the aqueous phase due to sorption and subsequent removal with time due to reduction. The separation of sorption from reduction can be used to obtain both the PCE distribution coefficient (Kd) and the pseudofirst-order reduction rate constant (μobs) from a single batch experiment. The calculated Kd and μobs values are 3.0 and 0.5L∕kg and 0.14 and 0.05h−1 for SMZ/ZVI and Z/ZVI pellets, respectively. Column experiments were performed at linear flow velocities of 0.07, 0.14, and 0.20cm∕min . The results were modeled using the one-dimensional advection–dispersion equation with linear sorption and first-order transformation. The Kd values were 2.3±0.4 and 0.5±0.1L∕kg for SMZ/ZVI and Z/ZVI pellets, respectively, in agreement with those of the batch study. The PCE transformation constants varied between 0.077 and 0.199h−1 for the SMZ/ZVI pellets and between 0.037 and 0.144h−1 for the Z/ZVI pellets, indicating that an enhanced transformation of PCE occurred with the sorbing SMZ/ZVI pellets. The PCE reduction rates were faster at slower flow rates, indicating that the reduction was not a mass-transfer-limited process.
On the Use of Matroid Theory for Distributed Cyber–Physical-Constrained Generator Scheduling in Smart Grid (2014)

Power systems are on the cusp of a rapid technological, economic, and environmental evolution. Classical problems considered by the power community must naturally adapt to new requirements. Physical and computational constraints within a new landscape must be revisited. In this paper, we focus on the generator scheduling problem, which is also known as the unit commitment problem, in which we incorporate the new constraints of transmission line capacity limits and policy to give a more comprehensive view for planning in a smart grid. Moreover, we consider implications of our formulation to solution complexity. We introduce the concept of matroid theory to model unit commitment as a combinatorial problem and propose distributed solutions to facilitate optimal and correct generator scheduling. We account for communications and computational complexity and demonstrate how although the constrained generator scheduling problem is NP-hard, simpler versions of the problem lead to polynomial-time solutions.
Utilization of Softwood Kraft Lignin as Adhesive for the Manufacture of Reconstituted Wood (1994)

Abstract Reaction conditions for hydroxymethylation of pine kraft lignin (KL) were optimized by kinetic studies of the reaction. Characterization of the resulting hydroxymethylated kraft lignin (HMKL) indicated that about 0.36 mole of the - CH2OH/C9 unit was introduced into the lignin under the optimal reaction conditions, of which about 0.33 mole was introduced into C-5 of guaiacyl moieties via Lederer-Manasse reaction. This result was confirmed by 13C-NMR spectrum of 13C enriched HMKL prepared from KL and 13CH2O (about 7 atomic%) under the same reaction conditions. Lignin-phenolic resins were formulated by blending the HMKL with phenol-formaldehyde (PF). A 50/50 blending of HMKL/PF resulted in a bond strength of about 65 psi in laboratory boards made with sweetgum flakes. In general, bond strength increased with an increase in the PF. Studies on effects of process and wood variables indicate that such resin could yield satisfactory boards made with red oak, black gum, red maple, post oak and sweetgum flakes with: (a) hot press temperature of 410 °F, (b) hot press time of 8 minutes, and (c) minimum resin content of 5%. The present address of Lin-wu Zhao is Research Institute of Utilization and Chemical Processing of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, the People's Republic of China. The present address for Bruce F. Griggs is Union Camp Corporation, P. O. Box 3301, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540.
Cyclization of <i>N</i>‐cyanovinyl‐lactam imines to condensed 4‐aminopyridines or substituted aminopyrazole (1992)

Abstract N ‐Cyanovinyl‐lactam imines 2 react with hydrazine giving aminopyrazole 4a while lactam imine 3 is split off. Treatment of 2 with strong bases gives intramolecular cyclization to condensed 4‐aminopyridines 5 . The progress of reaction was observed by polarographic method.
Buffer additives for lime/limestone slurry scrubbing synthesis, mass transfer, and degradation. Final report Oct 80-Oct 83 (1984)

The report gives results of experimental studies, performed with buffer additives, useful for flue gas desulfurization by lime/limestone slurry scrubbing. The most attractive acids for further testing are adipic, mixtures of waste dibasic organic, sulfosuccinic, hydroxypropionic, and hydroxyacetic acids.
Single view head pose estimation (2008)

This work addresses the problem of human head pose estimation from single view images. 3D rigid head pose is estimated combining Active Appearance Models(AAM) with Pose from Orthography and Scaling with ITerations(POSIT). AAM shape landmarks are tracked over time and used in POSIT for pose estimation. A statistical anthropometric 3D model is used as reference. Several experiences were performed comparing our approach with a planar ground truth. It was achieved average standard deviations about 2 degrees in orientation and 1 centimeter in distance.
The importance of cellular internalization of antibody-targeted carbon nanotubes in the photothermal ablation of breast cancer cells (2011)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) convert absorbed near infrared (NIR) light into heat. The use of CNTs in the NIR-mediated photothermal ablation of tumor cells is attractive because the penetration of NIR light through normal tissues is optimal and the side effects are minimal. Targeted thermal ablation with minimal collateral damage can be achieved by using CNTs attached to tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). However, the role that the cellular internalization of CNTs plays in the subsequent sensitivity of the target cells to NIR-mediated photothermal ablation remains undefined. To address this issue, we used CNTs covalently coupled to an anti-Her2 or a control MAb and tested their ability to bind, internalize, and photothermally ablate Her2(+) but not Her2(-) breast cancer cell lines. Using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and confocal Raman microscopy, we observed the gradual time-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis of anti-Her2-CNTs whereas a control MAb-CNT conjugate did not bind to the cells. Most importantly, the Her2(+) cells that internalized the MAb-CNTs were more sensitive to NIR-mediated photothermal damage than cells that could bind to, but not internalize the MAb-CNTs. These results suggest that both the targeting and internalization of MAb-CNTs might result in the most effective thermal ablation of tumor cells following their exposure to NIR light.
Validation Studies for Single Circulating Trophoblast Genetic Testing as a Form of Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis (2019)

It has long been appreciated that genetic analysis of fetal or trophoblast cells in maternal blood could revolutionize prenatal diagnosis. We implemented a protocol for single circulating trophoblast (SCT) testing using positive selection by magnetic-activated cell sorting and single-cell low-coverage whole-genome sequencing to detect fetal aneuploidies and copy-number variants (CNVs) at ∼1 Mb resolution. In 95 validation cases, we identified on average 0.20 putative trophoblasts/mL, of which 55% were of high quality and scorable for both aneuploidy and CNVs. We emphasize the importance of analyzing individual cells because some cells are apoptotic, in S-phase, or otherwise of poor quality. When two or more high-quality trophoblast cells were available for singleton pregnancies, there was complete concordance between all trophoblasts unless there was evidence of confined placental mosaicism. SCT results were highly concordant with available clinical data from chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis procedures. Although determining the exact sensitivity and specificity will require more data, this study further supports the potential for SCT testing to become a diagnostic prenatal test.
Heart Rate Variability: New Perspectives on Physiological Mechanisms, Assessment of Self-regulatory Capacity, and Health Risk (2015)

Heart rate variability, the change in the time intervals between adjacent heartbeats, is an emergent property of interdependent regulatory systems that operates on different time scales to adapt to environmental and psychological challenges. This article briefly reviews neural regulation of the heart and offers some new perspectives on mechanisms underlying the very low frequency rhythm of heart rate variability. Interpretation of heart rate variability rhythms in the context of health risk and physiological and psychological self-regulatory capacity assessment is discussed. The cardiovascular regulatory centers in the spinal cord and medulla integrate inputs from higher brain centers with afferent cardiovascular system inputs to adjust heart rate and blood pressure via sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent pathways. We also discuss the intrinsic cardiac nervous system and the heart-brain connection pathways, through which afferent information can influence activity in the subcortical, frontocortical, and motor cortex areas. In addition, the use of real-time HRV feedback to increase self-regulatory capacity is reviewed. We conclude that the heart's rhythms are characterized by both complexity and stability over longer time scales that reflect both physiological and psychological functional status of these internal self-regulatory systems.
Genomic Profiling of MicroRNAs in Bladder Cancer: miR-129 Is Associated with Poor Outcome and Promotes Cell Death <i>In vitro</i> (2009)

microRNAs (miRNA) are involved in cancer development and progression, acting as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Here, we profiled the expression of 290 unique human miRNAs in 11 normal and 106 bladder tumor samples using spotted locked nucleic acid-based oligonucleotide microarrays. We identified several differentially expressed miRNAs between normal urothelium and cancer and between the different disease stages. miR-145 was found to be the most down-regulated in cancer compared with normal, and miR-21 was the most up-regulated in cancer. Furthermore, we identified miRNAs that significantly correlated to the presence of concomitant carcinoma in situ. We identified several miRNAs with prognostic potential for predicting disease progression (e.g., miR-129, miR-133b, and miR-518c*). We localized the expression of miR-145, miR-21, and miR-129 to urothelium by in situ hybridization. We then focused on miR-129 that exerted significant growth inhibition and induced cell death upon transfection with a miR-129 precursor in bladder carcinoma cell lines T24 and SW780 cells. Microarray analysis of T24 cells after transfection showed significant miR-129 target down-regulation (P = 0.0002) and pathway analysis indicated that targets were involved in cell death processes. By analyzing gene expression data from clinical tumor samples, we identified significant expression changes of target mRNA molecules related to the miRNA expression. Using luciferase assays, we documented a direct link between miR-129 and the two putative targets GALNT1 and SOX4. The findings reported here indicate that several miRNAs are differentially regulated in bladder cancer and may form a basis for clinical development of new biomarkers for bladder cancer.