gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Green tea polyphenol induces caspase 14 in epidermal keratinocytes via MAPK pathways and reduces psoriasiform lesions in the flaky skin mouse model (2007)

Psoriasiform lesions are characterized by hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes, accompanied by inflammation, leading to a disrupted skin barrier with an abnormal stratum corneum. The expression and proteolytic processing of caspase 14, a member of the caspase family which is associated with epithelial cell differentiation, planned cell death, and barrier formation, is altered in psoriatic epidermis. We recently reported that human psoriatic tissues lack normal expression of caspase 14 [J Dermatol Sci37 (2005) 61], and caspase 14 is induced by EGCG, a green tea polyphenol (GTP), in exponentially growing normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) [J Pharmacol Exp Ther315 (2005) 805]. This suggests that GTPs may have beneficial effects on psoriasiform lesions. The current study aimed to determine whether MAPK pathways are required for GTP-induced caspase 14 expression in NHEK and if GTPs can modulate the expression of pathological markers in the psoriasiform lesions that develop in the flaky skin mouse. The results indicate that the p38 and JNK MAPK pathways are required for EGCG-induced expression of caspase 14 in NHEK. Importantly, topical application of 0.5% GTPs significantly reduced the symptoms of epidermal pathology in the flaky skin mice, associated with efficient caspase 14 processing and reduction in proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels. This suggests that GTP-activated pathways may be potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of some psoriasiform skin disorders.
An Information System for Streamlining Software Development Process (2004)

In this paper an information system to be employed by software development organizations is proposed, which automates software development process. The proposed system aims to lower cost, improve schedule performance and enhance quality of the software projects by the means of automation and unifying of operational information. The characteristics of the proposed system are described. Furthermore, its use is illustrated via the explanation of an exemplary software system called PACE that serves as an information system for planning, controlling, measuring and improving software development process and projects. The relationship of PACE with Software Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is also provided. 1.
S.M. Dubnov’s Ideological Challenge in Emigration: Autonomism and Zionism, Europe and Palestine (2013)

In this paper author explores Semyon Dubnov’s position on Zionism and Diaspora Autonomism in the years after he left Soviet Russia in 1921. In particular Horowitz asserts that Dubnov must have been aware of the fact that his ideas were receiving their broadest application not in Eastern Europe, as he hoped, but in Palestine. The paper treats Dubnov’s reaction to this ideological challenge.
Comprehensive microRNA profiling in B-cells of human centenarians by massively parallel sequencing (2012)

Our comprehensive miRNA data provide a resource for further studies to identify genetic pathways associated with aging and longevity in humans.
When Districts Drive Leadership Preparation Partnerships: Lessons from Six Urban District Initiatives (2012)

This article is a cross-case analysis drawing on case study research conducted in 2009-2010 on six leadership preparation programs and their district-university affiliation, using research on consumer action and inter-organizational relationships to understand their relationships in developing leadership preparation programs.
Improved theory of the silicon p-n junction solar cell (1977)

The theory of the silicon p-n junction solar cell in its present state is inadequate to explain the observed fall-off in power output and open-circuit voltage with increasing substrate doping. The present work removes this deficiency by incorporating into the theory the generation-recombination dark current in the junction appropriately corrected for the thermal counterpart of the Franz-Keldysh effect. The light generated short-circuit current is calculated from the known solar spectrum and band gap and from estimates of reflection, absorption, obstruction, transmission, and recombination losses. The improved theory permits a detailed quantitative explanation of the experimentally measured current-voltage characteristics of conventional, violet, and nonreflective silicon solar cells for beginning-of-life and end-of-life performance in a space environment and as a function of thickness. It also explains the temperature coefficient of the short-circuit current, of the open-circuit voltage, and of the power output of these three types of cell. Finally, the theory explains the observed fall-off in power output and open-circuit voltage with increasing substrate doping and predicts the maximum efficiency to be expected in state-of-the-art material for optimized cell thickness and doping for both beginning-of-life and end-of-life situations. 34 references.
Purification of the Sixth and Seventh Component of Human Complement without Loss of Hemolytic Activity (1976)

Procedures for the isolation of the human complement proteins C6 and C7 have been described. These procedures allow isolation of the two proteins without any loss of hemolytic activity. Apparent activity gains of 160% and 140% were observed for C6 and C7, respectively, when the activity of the isolated proteins was compared with their activity in serum. The recovery of C6 was 3.5 to 11% and that of C7 was 7 to 13% of the amount present in serum. C6 has a m.w.of 128,000 and an electrophoretic mobility at pH 8.6 of -2.6 times 10(-5) cm2 s-1 v-1. C7 has a m.w. of 121,000 and an identical electrophoretic mobility. With 3 times 10(7) assay cells, 63% hemolysis was achieved with 1 ng of C6 and 3.8 ng C7. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and after reduction with mercaptoethanol, C6 and C7 behaved as single polypeptide chain proteins.
Comparative Study of Reliability of Ferroelectric and Anti-Ferroelectric Memories (2018)

With the discovery of the ferroelectric (FE) properties within HfO2, the scaling gap between state-of-the-art technology nodes and non-volatile memories based on FE materials can be bridged. In addition to non-volatility, new memory concepts should guarantee sufficient endurance and operation stability. However, in contrast to optimized perovskite based FEs, binary oxide based FE memories still show changes in the memory window (MW) followed by either hard breakdown or closure of the MW. Recently, we have shown that anti-FE (AFE) materials exhibit very stable and significantly higher endurance with respect to the FE counterparts. Inspired by the robustness and remarkable cycling performance of the AFE materials, we analyze the remaining reliability aspects of these devices. By characterizing the pure film properties of capacitor stacks and switching performance when integrated into devices, we compare and investigate temperature stability, imprint, retention, and variability of both FE and AFE memories. We investigate if the lower energetic barrier to be overcome together with partial switching and lower switching induced stress are responsible for the higher endurance of the AFE with respect to the FE based memories. By utilizing charge trapping and charge pumping tests together with leakage current spectroscopy in combination with comprehensive modeling we check that assumption. Moreover, we identify the interfacial buffer layer as the weakest link of these devices.
Experimental System for Quantum Cryptography Based on Two Nonorthogonal Photon Polarization States (1998)

Quantum cryptography allows the establishing of a highly confidential sequence of random bits between two parties who share no secret information in advance. Its security is guaranteed by the basic laws of quantum mechanics rather than mathematical difficulty. An experimental system based on a novel protocol for quantum cryptography using only two nonorthogonal photon polarization states is implemented. The photon sources are two semiconductor laser diodes operated at 680 nm, their light pulses which are heavily attenuated to far below one photon per pulse are employed to encode the key. Gated single photon detection technique is used to minimize the dark count effect of the photon multiplier tube. Key establishing rate of 40 b/s and error rate of 2.1% are obtained. Compared with other systems, our system has the simplest experimental setup.
Deep level defects and doping in high Al mole fraction AlGaN (2003)

We have used depth-dependent cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (CLS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to investigate the nature of deep level defects and their effect on Si doping of high Al mole fraction (25%–100%) AlGaN. SIMS results provide correlations between AlGaN deep level emissions from CLS and elemental impurities distributed through the epitaxial bulk films. The highest Al mole fraction (xAl) samples exhibit deep level optical emissions that correlate with O and C impurities measured by SIMS. These O impurities appear to introduce donors at low and intermediate Al compositions versus deep levels in Al-rich alloys. The CLS energy onset of near band edge peak emissions track the b=1 theoretical band gap for 0⩽xAl⩽0.98 while their peak emissions deviate monotonically. Temperature-dependent CLS reveal an activation energy decrease of the near band edge emission intensity from 54 to 36 meV for xAl&gt;∼0.80. The absence of free carriers for xAl&gt;0.80 is consistent with Si donor compensation due to deep levels associated with oxygen.
Evaluation and Modification of a Domeless Net Radiometer (2003)

The use of net radiation as a critical variable in models of surface–atmosphere exchange is routine; however, its measurement is not. The discrete measurement of incoming and outgoing solar radiation with pyranometers and long-wave radiation with pyrgeometers is widely thought to be the most accurate method for estimating net radiation, but deployment at multiple sites is cost prohibitive. A recently developed single-sensor net radiometer differs from other commonly used net radiometers in that it has no domes covering the thermopile sensor. Long-term field data from this net radiometer were compared to reference net radiation calculated as the sum of the four independently measured components. The domeless net radiometer agreed well with the reference measurements, out-performing a similarly priced, widely used, domed net radiometer under most conditions. However, our analyses suggest that the domeless net radiometer has differing sensitivities to short and long-wave radiation, which is not accounted for in the calibration. Additionally, precipitation affected the domeless net radiometer much more severely than the domed model, which could be a significant limitation in areas with frequent rainfall. Despite these shortfalls, the domeless net radiometer evaluated here could be useful in a variety of field settings.
Abrams' Angiography Interventional Radiology (2005)

Reflecting recent interventions of startling impact and clinical benefit and honoring the field's legacy of innovation, this Third Edition of Abrams' Angiography: Interventional Radiology has been completely revamped to reflect the fast-moving landscape of interventional radiology. To provide a fresh take on leading-edge subjects, new series editors, Drs. Jean-Francois H. Geschwind and Michael D. Dake put together a team of 60 of today's most renowned authorities to focus on the 100 topics essential to mastering contemporary interventional radiology. Now in vibrant full-color, this Third Edition begins with an all-new section on interventional oncology, which includes expert coverage of organ-specific cancers and specialized interventional techniques in cancer care. Many of the themes considered in the vascular sections are rooted in the original stock of the initial landmark Abrams' volume, updated to focus on current understanding. Features: comprehensive, step-by-step coverage of all contemporary vascular and non-vascular interventional procedures; new Oncology section includes 21 expert chapters that walk through all aspects of interventional oncology, from evaluation of the cancer patient and principles of chemotherapy to management of organ-specific cancers and specialized interventional techniques in cancer care; new detailed coverage complemented by more than 1,100 full-color illustrations; increased focus on surgical anatomy and the details of each technique; expert chapters that capture the groundbreaking achievements of the field from the foremost authorities; and new online solution site provides fully searchable access to the book-anytime, anywhere!
Small Molecule Antagonist of Leukocyte Function Associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1): Structure−Activity Relationships Leading to the Identification of 6-((5<i>S</i>,9<i>R</i>)-9-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)nicotinic Acid (BMS-688521) (2010)

Leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), also known as CD11a/CD18 or alpha(L)beta(2), belongs to the beta(2) integrin subfamily and is constitutively expressed on all leukocytes. The major ligands of LFA-1 include three intercellular adhesion molecules 1, 2, and 3 (ICAM 1, 2, and 3). The interactions between LFA-1 and the ICAMs are critical for cell adhesion, and preclinical animal studies and clinical data from the humanized anti-LFA-1 antibody efalizumab have provided proof-of-concept for LFA-1 as an immunological target. This article will detail the structure-activity relationships (SAR) leading to a novel second generation series of highly potent spirocyclic hydantoin antagonists of LFA-1. With significantly enhanced in vitro and ex vivo potency relative to our first clinical compound (1), as well as demonstrated in vivo activity and an acceptable pharmacokinetic and safety profile, 6-((5S,9R)-9-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro-[4.4]nonan-7-yl)nicotinic acid (2e) was selected to advance into clinical trials.
Range-expanding wildlife: modelling the distribution of large mammals in Japan, with management implications (2014)

The spatial distribution of large mammals has been increasing in industrial nations, often leading to conflicts with humans and significant alteration of natural ecosystems. Species distribution models (SDMs) of the sika deer, Japanese serow, wild boar, Japanese macaque and Asiatic black bear in Japan were constructed to identify the important factors for habitat management. We also projected two scenarios of their future range expansions under a scenario of no change in the variables, and one where the variables change according to a time series. Modelling showed that all species preferred forest and forest/agricultural ecotones. In the best models of the sika deer and wild boar, grasslands (GRASSs) were an important positive factor, while human population density and hunting pressures were negative factors. High human population density was also a negative factor with the Japanese serow and Asiatic black bear. Key environments for the distribution and expansion of large mammals were agricultural areas near forest and GRASSs. Therefore, limiting the access of large mammals to such habitats may contribute to wildlife management. In both scenarios, our projections suggest that the distributions of all species could expand by 2028, resulting in more conflict with humans and significant alterations to natural ecosystems in the future. In order to stop this damaging expansion, habitat management and landscape redesign are important. However, a SDM and future projection include uncertainty. It is necessary to validate the estimates and projections by monitoring the future changes in distribution.
Quantitative Evaluation of Highly Laminated, Complex Lithology Formations (1989)

Abstract Thinly bedded and laminated shale-sand-carbonate formations exist in most of the producing formations in Egypt (a thin bed is defined as having a thickness of the order of two inches). Over certain sections of the field considered in this paper, such formations make up the bulk of the reservoir, and conventional interpretation techniques could mask the true nature of the formation, resulting in an erroneous evaluation and the possible risk of missing the reservoir completely. This paper outlines an interpretation technique which has been developed to evaluate the thin producing zones and their contribution to a formation's producibility. With this information it is possible to know, with accuracy, the size of the reservoirs, where to perforate, and the test intervals to consider. Both the attenuation (Eatt) and the transit time (Tpl) of the Electromagnetic Propagation Tool (EPT*) are used to evaluate the laminated shale and lithology distribution. The attenuation is calibrated to provide a direct and quantitative shale content value with excellent vertical resolution and pass-to-pass repeatibility with the sonic transit time and neutron porosity (ΔT - øN) shale indicator, which is an established reference in this environment. The Tpl measurement, after compensating for the shale volume, is used effectively to differentiate the matrix lithology. This gives calibrated thin bed shale and lithology transforms, which are combined with conventional logs to evaluate the porosity and saturation values. The computed water saturation in the invaded zone is used to obtain high resolution permeability and producibility for all the layers. The results are compared with well test and high resolution dipmeter data. It is found that the producibility data, predicted by this technique, matches the flowmeter data. This technique is used successfully to identify transition zones in laminated beds. In addition, the recoverable volume of reserves in shaley, laminated reservoirs, is often found to be much higher than previously expected.
Professional (1996)

Although general practice should be the access point for health services, there are particular problems for people with learning disabilities. Martin Bollard told Daniel Allen about his attempts to redress the balance in his work, for which he has been made joint winner of the Nurse 96 Learning Disability Award, sponsored by RCN Membership Services
Protein–protein interactions as targets for antiviral chemotherapy (2002)

Most cellular and viral processes depend on the coordinated formation of protein-protein interactions. With a better understanding of the molecular biology and biochemistry of human viruses it has become possible to screen for and detect inhibitors with activity against specific viral functions and to develop new approaches for the treatment of viral infections. A novel strategy to inhibit viral replication is based on the disruption of viral protein-protein complexes by peptides that mimic either face of the interaction between subunits. Peptides and peptide mimetics capable of dissociating protein-protein interactions have such exquisite specificity that they hold great promise as the next generation of therapeutic agents. This review is focused on recent developments using peptides and small molecules to inhibit protein-protein interactions between cellular and/or viral proteins with comments on the practicalities of transforming chemical leads into derivatives with the characteristics desired of medicinal compounds.
Construction of Self-Assembled Ultrathin Polyoxometalate/1,10-Decanediamine Photochromic Films (2004)

A series of polyoxometalates (POM)/1,10-decanediamine ultrathin films were fabricated by self-assembly, and their photochromic properties were investigated. It is found that the films fabricated from molybdenum POMs show better photochromic responses than those from tungsten POMs. The photochromic responses of these hybrid films are related to the reduction potentials of the POMs. The higher the reduction potential of the POM is, the better the photochromic response of the hybrid film. Among these systems, the PMo12O40/1,10-decanediamine ultrathin film with a thickness of 70 nm shows a change as high as 0.168 in UV−visible absorption spectra before and after 10 min of UV irradiation.
Ion Dependence of Gate Dielectric Behavior of Alkali Metal Ion-Incorporated Aluminas in Oxide Field-Effect Transistors (2013)

The effect of different alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+) incorporated into aluminas on the gate dielectric behavior of solution processed oxide field-effect transistors (FETs) was studied. High field-effect mobility (ca. 20 cm2·V–1·s–1), high saturation drain current (about 1 mA), and low subthreshold swing (ca. 200 mV/decade) were achieved in low-voltage (2 V), spin-coated zinc-tin-oxide (ZTO) FETs with potassium alumina (PA) and lithium alumina (LA) dielectrics, as we had previously demonstrated with sodium alumina (SA). To investigate the effect of alkali metal ion on the detailed alumina capacitance and AC conductivity response, the frequency, temperature, and thickness dependences of alumina capacitance were determined. Ion-incorporated alumina metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitors showed a possible electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) behavior, in contrast to what was observed for alumina itself. The frequency dependence of observed capacitance varied with the included ion. These dependences were consistent with expected ion–oxygen atom bonding and numbers of surrounding water molecules. Theoretical calculations gave a proposed structure for the amorphous phase of these aluminas, comprising dense ion-free alumina regions and more open, ion-intercalated channel regions, where ions appear to migrate to the double layer at low frequency and are polarized on short length scales at high frequency. The magnitudes of calculated ion migration activation energies indicate that the ions move through continuous pores or channels, rather than through domains of nonintercalated alumina, and that they migrate in hydrated forms.
Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing-Title (2007)

The following topics were dealt with: information assurance; cryptography and network security; component-based software engineering; software specification and architecture; software testing; requirements engineering; user-centered design methods; embedded systems; operating systems; image, speech, and signal processing; data mining and knowledge discovery; Internet technology and applications; artificial intelligence; natural language processing; neural networks and genetic algorithms; parallel and distributed computing; voice-over-IP; communication systems and networks; mobile/wireless/ad-hoc networks; collaborative computing; algorithms; visual and multimedia computing; web-based applications; E-commerce and its applications.
Fish optic nerve oligodendrocytes support axonal regeneration of fish and mammalian retinal ganglion cells (1993)

Segments from adult fish and rat retinae were explanted on myelin-marker expressing oligodendrocytes derived from the regenerating goldfish optic nerve. Fish axons grew in high density and even rat retinal axons regenerated to considerable length on the surface of the fish oligodendrocytes, suggesting that this type of fish glia has axon-growth promoting surface components that exert their influence across species boundaries. One interesting surface component of the fish oligodendrocytes as demonstrated here is the E 587 antigen, which is related to the L1 family of cell adhesion molecules. In long term cocultures of oligodendrocytes and retinal axons, the fish glial cells were found to enwrap rat axons. This suggests that the oligodendrocytes of the regenerating goldfish optic nerve/tract may, despite striking differences, represent the equivalent to mammalian optic nerve oligodendrocytes.