gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IN VITRO GERMINATION AND POLLEN TUBE GROWTH OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) POLLEN. X. POLLEN SOURCE GENOTYPE AND GIBBERELLIN A<sub>3</sub>INTERACTIONS* (1982)

Pollen grains from four pollen source genotypes (H55, Oh43, K64 × K55, Ky49 × Ky27) were cultured on an artificial medium (15% sucrose, 0.6% bacto-agar, 0.03% calcium nitrate, 0.01% boric acid) supplemented with four concentrations (0, 5, 25, 100 ppm) of gibberellin A3 (GA3). At 1, 2, and 3 h after inoculation, germination percent and pollen tube length were measured. A highly significant concentration x pollen source genotype interaction for germination percent was obtained. Depending on the pollen source genotype, increasing GA3 concentrations either substantially increased or did not alter germination percent. For pollen tube length, a highly significant concentration x pollen source genotype interaction was also obtained. However, depending on the pollen source genotype, increasing GA3 concentrations either increased, decreased, or had no effect on pollen tube length. Any stimulatory effect of GA3 on pollen tube length was expressed early in the germination process or between inoculation and one h after inoculation. The results suggested that heterozygosity level could be a contributing factor in the GA3 response and within each pollen source genotype, the effects of GA3 on germination percent and pollen tube length were independent.
P‐162L: <i>Late‐News Poster</i> : Intelligent Backlight Technology Developments for Uniformity, Privacy & 3D Operation (2015)

We present new research results for Intelligent Backlight, which is a novel light‐field controlling LCD backlight technology using a directional light guide and imaging microstructured reflector illuminated by an addressable LED array. We report progress with performance and describe methodology and results from image uniformity optimisation. Further, we report new modes of light‐field control, including multiple implementations of privacy operation and advanced autostereoscopic 3D modes.
Organic Thin Film Transistors Based on<i>N</i>-Alkyl Perylene Diimides:  Charge Transport Kinetics as a Function of Gate Voltage and Temperature (2004)

We report structural and electrical transport properties of a family of π-stacking soluble organic semiconductors, N,N‘-dialkyl-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimides (alkyl − pentyl [1], octyl [2], and dodecyl [3]). The structures of evaporated polycrystalline films of 1−3 were studied using X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Films of 1−3 pack similarly with the direction of π−π overlap in the substrate plane. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) based on 1−3 deposited on SiO2 gate dielectric showed linear regime electron mobilities of 0.1, 0.6, and 0.2 cm2/(V s), respectively, corrected for contact resistance. OTFTs of 2 had saturation electron mobilities as high as 1.7 cm2/(V s) with on-to-off current ratios of 107. Variable temperature measurements were used to examine the charge transport kinetics in the range 80−300 K and revealed (1) thermally activated electron mobilities with activation energies dependent on gate voltage and (2) the presence of well-defined isokinetic points, i.e., temperatures at which Arrhenius plots at different gate voltages intersect for a given film. Isokinetic points indicate a common charge transport mechanism and can be explained in terms of the multiple trapping and release (MTR) transport model. MTR assumes trap-limited band transport, and quantum chemical calculations were used to verify that delocalized transport is likely in 1−3; a conduction bandwidth of 0.58 eV was calculated for 1. Using MTR, the trap concentrations were estimated to be ∼1012 cm-2 for deep traps, and ∼6 × 1013 cm-2 for shallow traps. However, a nonmonotonic dependence of the electron mobility on gate voltage was also observed, which is not predicted by MTR and suggests that the transport mechanism is more complicated, perhaps due to the discrete layered structure of these materials. The high values for the electron mobility and on-to-off current ratio suggest that substituted perylene diimides represent a promising class of n-channel conductors for OTFTs.
Methods and applications of digital volume correlation (2008)

Digital volume correlation, an experimental method for volumetric strain measurement, has experienced a growth in technique development and application since its introduction in 1999. This has largely been the result of more accessible volumetric imaging methods and greater speed and capacity of computational facilities. This paper reviews recent work using the method and presents examples from the author's laboratory. The emerging message is that, although closely related to the surface-oriented method of digital image correlation, the volume method is distinct due to its predominant reliance on naturally occurring image texture for displacement tracking. This requires careful tuning for successful application with different materials, and therefore the appropriate focus should not be on developing the ‘best’ digital volume correlation method, but on developing a set of tools that can be selected from and adjusted to specific mechanics problems.
Calculations of the displacement damage and short-circuit current degradation in proton irradiated (AlGa)As-GaAs solar cells (1987)

A theoretical model for computing the displacement damage defect density and the short-circuit current (I sub sc) degradation in proton-irradiated (AlGa)As-GaAs p-n junction solar cells is presented. Assumptions were made with justification that the radiation induced displacement defects form an effective recombination center which controls the electron and hole lifetimes in the junction space charge region and in the n-GaAs active layer of the irradiated GaAs p-n junction cells. The degradation of I sub sc in the (AlGa)As layer was found to be negligible compared to the total degradation. In order to determine the I sub sc degradation, the displacement defect density, path length, range, reduced energy after penetrating a distance x, and the average number of displacements formed by one proton scattering event were first calculated. The I sub sc degradation was calculated by using the electron capture cross section in the p-diffused layer and the hole capture cross section in the n-base layer as well as the wavelength dependent absorption coefficients. Excellent agreement was found between the researchers calculated values and the measured I sub sc in the proton irradiated GaAs solar cells for proton energies of 100 KeV to 10 MeV and fluences from 10 to the 10th power p/square cm to 10 to the 12th power p/square cm.
Symptome und Diagnostik innerer Krankheiten (2009)

The possible physiological role of estrogen in the epididymis and ventral prostate of rat was investigated. In prepubertal rats castrated for 7 days, treatment with estradiol (1.0 micrograms) for 7 days (35-day-old at autopsy) resulted in a marked increase in the weight and content of glyceryl-phosphorylcholine and sialic acid in the epididymis; estradiol and dihydrotestosterone were equipotent in causing an increase in sialic acid concentration. Estradiol showed a synergistic effect in influencing the androgen action on the growth of the prepubertal rat prostate while no such synergism was evident in stimulating the secretory function of the epididymis. The duality of epididymal response to the two sex steroids suggests that the two hormones may be acting in concert at physiological levels as regulators of epididymal secretory function; the need for identifying estrogen specific biochemical indices in the epididymis is discussed.
Sulfuryl Chloride in Organic Chemistry (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfuryl Chloride in Organic ChemistryHerbert C. BrownCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1944, 36, 9, 785–791Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50417a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50417a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1818Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Redistribution and activation of implanted S, Se, Te, Be, Mg, and C in GaN (1999)

A variety of different possible donor and acceptor impurities have been implanted into GaN and annealed up to 1450 °C. S+ and Te+ produce peak electron concentrations ⩽5×1018 cm−3, well below that achievable with Si+. Mg produces p-type conductivity, but Be+- and C+- implanted samples remained n type. No redistribution was observed for any of the implanted species for 1450 °C annealing. Much more effective damage removal was achieved for 1400 °C annealing of high-dose (5×1015 cm−2) Si+ implanted GaN, compared to the more commonly used 1100 °C annealing.
DB or not DB in translation? (1999)

The authors have found an error in their MicroCorrespondence, which was published in Mol Microbiol (1999) 33: 438–441. In the complementarity between the 16S rRNA and ΔλcI shown in 1Fig. 1A, codons 8 and 9 were not eliminated from the ΔλcI sequence. The corrected version of this part of the figure is reproduced below, in which there are 11 nucleotides complementary to the anti-DB of the 16S rRNA having four GC base pairs. . DB–anti-DB complementarity in the ΔDB-leaderless mRNAs constructed by Resch et al. (1995, 1996). A. Putative DB sequences in the λcIΔ2/3 constructs.
Electron spin resonance spectra of radicals derived from tropolones and benztropolones (1974)

The oxidation of tropolones and benztropolones such as purpurogallin by cerium(IV) in a flow system yields radicals which can be characterised by means of e.s.r. spectroscopy. The spin distribution can be related to non-bonding orbital coefficients in model compounds. In alkaline solutions 1′,2′-dihydroxy-3,4-benztropolone and its derivatives can be autoxidised to corresponding semiquinones from which intense e.s.r. spectra can be obtained. Secondary radicals may also be formed when the 4′-position is vacant. The tropolone analogue of p-benzosemiquinone can be observed in hexamethylphosphoramide, but ring contraction takes place too quickly for this to be detected in aqueous solution.
WIP evolution of a semiconductor factory after a bottleneck workcenter breakdown (1998)

In semiconductor fabrication facilities, an increase in work in progress (WIP) can be observed even weeks after the failure of the bottleneck workcenter. We develop a simple fab model that facilitates the study of this phenomenon. The simplified factory consists of a detailed model of the bottleneck workcenter and a delay unit that represents the rest of the factory. After passing the delay unit, the lots are fed back to the bottleneck to model the cyclic flow of lots of real wafer fabs. We study the behavior of this model for numerous scenarios, and it turns out that by means of the model, the WIP increase phenomenon can successfully be reproduced. In addition, we provide first results on how to avoid the unwanted increase in inventory.
Targeting multiple biological pathways as a strategy to improve the treatment of cancer. (2002)

Over the past several years, the concept of targeted biological therapy for the treatment of cancer and other disease has emerged. However, a better understanding of these targets and their interactions with tumor cells and the surrounding stromal cells is required before they can be effectively
Efficient Decision-Theoretic Target Localization (2017)

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) offer a principled approach to control under uncertainty. However, POMDP solvers generally require rewards to depend only on the state and action. This limitation is unsuitable for information-gathering problems, where rewards are more naturally expressed as functions of belief. In this work, we consider target localization, an information-gathering task where an agent takes actions leading to informative observations and a concentrated belief over possible target locations. By leveraging recent theoretical and algorithmic advances, we investigate offline and online solvers that incorporate belief-dependent rewards. We extend SARSOP — a state-of-the-art offline solver — to handle belief-dependent rewards, exploring different reward strategies and showing how they can be compactly represented. We present an improved lower bound that greatly speeds convergence. POMDP-lite, an online solver, is also evaluated in the context of information-gathering tasks. These solvers are applied to control a hexcopter UAV searching for a radio frequency source—a challenging real-world problem.
Network Anomaly Detection Based on Wavelet Analysis (2008)

Signal processing techniques have been applied recently for analyzing and detecting network anomalies due to their potential to find novel or unknown intrusions. In this paper, we propose a new network signal modelling technique for detecting network anomalies, combining the wavelet approximation and system identification theory. In order to characterize network traffic behaviors, we present fifteen features and use them as the input signals in our system. We then evaluate our approach with the 1999 DARPA intrusion detection dataset and conduct a comprehensive analysis of the intrusions in the dataset. Evaluation results show that the approach achieves high-detection rates in terms of both attack instances and attack types. Furthermore, we conduct a full day's evaluation in a real large-scale WiFi ISP network where five attack types are successfully detected from over 30 millions flows.
<i>C</i>‐Acylation under Virtually Neutral Conditions (1979)

Acylations is syntheses of natural products often have to be performed under very mild conditions. The neutral Mg salt of a malonic thiol half-ester of type (1) permits acylation of imidazolides (Im=1-imidazolyl) in practically neutral solution. Numerous acid- and base-labile groups survive this treatment.
Zoom Lenses for the 8<sub>μ</sub>-13<sub>μ</sub> Waveband (1971)

The number of elements which can be tolerated in optical systems for use in the 8 w-13 w infra-red waveband is limited to perhaps two or three. This paper shows that useful though crude zoom systems can be designed with such small numbers of elements. Several all germanium systems of varying zoom ratio are described and an evaluation of their aberrations is given.
Head trauma and olfactory function (2018)

Olfactory impairment is a well-established sequela of head injury. The presence and degree of olfactory dysfunction is dependent on severity of head trauma, duration of posttraumatic amnesia, injuries obtained, and as more recently established, age. Deficits in smell can be conductive or neurosensory, contingent on location of injury. The former may be amenable to medical or surgical treatment, whereas the majority of patients with neurosensory deficits will not recover. Many patients will not seek treatment for such deficits until days, weeks, or even months after the traumatic event due to focus on more pressing injuries. Evaluation should start with a comprehensive history and physical exam. Determination of the site of injury can be aided by CT and MRI scanning. Verification of the presence of olfactory deficit, and assessment of its severity requires objective olfactory testing, which can be accomplished with a number of methods. The prognosis of posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction is unfortunate, with approximately only one third improving. Emphasis must be placed on identification of reversible causes, such as nasal bone fractures, septal deviation, or mucosal edema/hematoma. Olfactory loss is often discounted as an annoyance, rather than a major health concern by both patients and many healthcare providers. Patients with olfactory impairment have diminished quality of life, decreased satisfaction with life, and increased risk for personal injury. Paramount to the management of these patients is counseling with regard to adoption of compensatory strategies to avoid safety risks and maximize quality of life. Practicing otolaryngologists should have a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of traumatic olfactory dysfunction in order to effectively diagnose, manage, and counsel affected patients.
A Family of Low‐Molecular‐Weight Hydrogelators Based on <scp>L</scp>‐Lysine Derivatives with a Positively Charged Terminal Group (2002)

A family of L-lysine-based low-molecular-weight compounds with various positively charged terminals (pyridinium and imidazolium derivatives) was synthesized and its gelation behavior in water was investigated. Most of the compounds can be very easily synthesized in high yields (total yields >90 %), and they function as excellent hydrogelators that form hydrogels below 1 wt %; particularly, N(epsilon)-lauroyl-N(alpha)-[11-(4-tert-butylpyridinium)undecanoyl]-L-lysine ethyl ester (2 c) and N(epsilon)-lauroyl-N(alpha)-[11-(4-phenylpyridinium)undecanoyl]-L-lysine ethyl ester (2 d), which are able to gel water at concentration of only 0.2 wt %. This corresponds to a gelator molecule that entraps more than 20 000 water molecules. All hydrogels are very stable and maintain the gel state for at least 9 months. TEM observations demonstrated that these hydrogelators self-assemble into a nanoscaled fibrous structure; a three-dimensional network is then formed by the entanglement of the nanofibers. An FTIR study in [D(6)]DMSO/D(2)O and in CHCl(3) revealed the existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the amide groups. This was further supported by a (1)H NMR study in [D(6)]DMSO/H(2)O. A luminescence study, in which ANS (1-anilino-8-naphtharenesulfonic acid) was used as a probe, indicated that the hydrogelators self-assemble into nanostructures possessing hydrophobic pockets at a very low concentration. Consequently, it was found that the driving forces for self-assembly into a nanofiber are hydrogel bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
The effect of complete transurethral resection of the prostate on symptoms, quality of life, and voiding function improvement (2015)

The efficacy of the TURP at short term follow-up depends on the completeness of the resection.
<title>Liquid-core waveguides for chemical sensing</title> (1994)

A renewable reagent liquid core waveguide (LCW) chemical sensor which used a membrane material as both the sampling element and waveguiding component has been developed. Both aqueous and nonaqueous reagent chemistries were used. The aqueous chemistries were modified by using an ethylene glycol/water mixture (refractive index approximately equals 1.38) which allowed light to be guided inside the tubular membrane material. Several fluoropolymer membrane materials (e.g., PTFE, PFA, FEP) as well as temperature effects on waveguiding were also examined. Two different applications were used to demonstrate LCW chemical sensing. Ammonia was detected using a bromothylmol blue reagent while trichloroethylene (TCE) vapor was detected using the Fujiwara (a base catalyzed pyridine) reagent chemistry.
CNN-based Real-time Dense Face Reconstruction with Inverse-rendered Photo-realistic Face Images (2017)

With the powerfulness of convolution neural networks (CNN), CNN based face reconstruction has recently shown promising performance in reconstructing detailed face shape from 2D face images. The success of CNN-based methods relies on a large number of labeled data. The state-of-the-art synthesizes such data using a coarse morphable face model, which however has difficulty to generate detailed photo-realistic images of faces (with wrinkles). This paper presents a novel face data generation method. Specifically, we render a large number of photo-realistic face images with different attributes based on inverse rendering. Furthermore, we construct a fine-detailed face image dataset by transferring different scales of details from one image to another. We also construct a large number of video-type adjacent frame pairs by simulating the distribution of real video data. With these nicely constructed datasets, we propose a coarse-to-fine learning framework consisting of three convolutional networks. The networks are trained for real-time detailed 3D face reconstruction from monocular video as well as from a single image. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our framework can produce high-quality reconstruction but with much less computation time compared to the state-of-the-art. Moreover, our method is robust to pose, expression and lighting due to the diversity of data.
Application of SFG in learning algorithms of neural networks (2002)

The paper presents the application of signal flow graphs (SFG) and adjoint flow graphs (AFG) in determination the gradient vector for feedforward neural networks. The presented approach is universal and applicable in the same form irrespective of the particular structure of the network. The applicability of the method has been shown on examples of different types of neural networks: multilayer perceptron, sigma-pi network, generalized radial basis network and multilayer Volterra network. The method finds application in any gradient based learning algorithms of neural networks. Some applications of this method, concerning the prediction and identification of the nonlinear dynamic plants are presented and discussed in the paper.
Micro-ring resonators using polymer materials (2002)

Micro-resonators can be considered as the building blocks of integrated photonic systems. Various optical components may be fabricated using micro-ring resonators. Polymer material can be used for fabrication of micro-ring resonators. There are several advantages using polymers for the fabrication of micro-resonators. First the required refractive index contrast to achieve negligible radiation loss for a micro-resonator with a radius of 10 /spl mu/m is available in polymers. Second it is very easy to fabricate three dimensional photonic integrated circuits This is essential for vertical coupling to the micro-resonators. Also various materials are available so that one can easily achieve phase matching condition by using different materials for the waveguide and microresonator. This opens the door to achieve very high Q resonators using polymer. In this paper we describe the design and fabrication of the first micro-resonator using polymer materials.
A Light‐Stimulated Molecular Switch Driven by Radical–Radical Interactions in Water (2011)

A redox-controllable bistable [2]rotaxane has been synthesized using templation and click chemistry. With assistance from a sacrificial electron donor, light-triggered switching through numerous cycles can be initiated by radical-pairing interactions between the reduced forms of the cyclophane and the bipyridinium unit in aqueous solution in the absence of air. In the presence of air (O2), the interactions are reset by donor–acceptor charge transfer. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.