gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Episomal simian virus 40 genomes in human brain tumors. (1981)

Eight out of 35 human intracranial tumors were shown by restriction enzyme analysis to contain unintegrated simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA molecules. The relative amount of viral DNA was estimated to be the equivalent of one viral genome within every 10th to 20th cell. No infectious virus was detected in tissue cultures established from the tumors. From only one tumor was it possible to rescue, by cell fusion, infectious SV40 displaying wild-type properties. In those cases that permitted a more detailed analysis, the restriction enzyme cleavage patterns appeared to correspond to the wild-type patterns with one exception, in which the SV40 episomes displayed a deletion of approximately 70 base pairs close to the origin of DNA replication. From one tumor, the SV40 genomes were transferred into permissive CV-1 monkey cells by transfection with the total tumor DNA. Despite their persistence as episomes no infectious virus was produced. Furthermore, no viral antigens were detectable, although the SV40 messengers for the small and the large tumor antigens were present. These cells had, however, acquired the ability to form colonies in low concentrations of serum. Thus this report provides, by restriction enzyme analysis, direct evidence for the presence of SV40 DNA in human tumors.
Substrate-specific binding of the amino terminus of fibronectin to an integrin complex in focal adhesions. (1994)

The assembly of fibronectin fibrils involves the amino-terminal and cell adhesion domains of fibronectin as well as alpha 5 beta 1 integrins. Efficient binding of biotinylated or radioiodinated 70-kDa amino-terminal fragments occurred only if fibroblasts were plated on fibronectin or on 180- or 85-kDa cell adhesion fragments of fibronectin. On an 11.5-kDa fragment of fibronectin that included the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence, but not the synergy site, binding was reduced 50-fold. Conformation of the 180-kDa fragment was important for direct binding interactions with the amino terminus of fibronectin. No binding was seen if cells were plated on type I collagen, vitronectin, RGD peptides or antibodies to alpha 5 beta 1 integrins. High affinity interactions between invasin and alpha 5 beta 1 integrin promoted low levels of binding. Monoclonal antibodies that blocked the function of either the RGD or the synergy site inhibited binding of 125I-labeled 70-kDa fragments to cells by approximately 60%. By fluorescence and interference reflection microscopy, biotinylated 70-kDa fragments were shown to co-localize with alpha 5 beta 1 integrins in focal adhesions. We propose that cell-mediated binding of the amino terminus of fibronectin involves interactions with both fibronectin and its alpha 5 beta 1 integrin receptor in an activated complex.
Garbage collection for safety critical Java (2007)

The Real-time Specification for Java and the upcoming, and more restricted, Safety Critical Java standard have been designed to allow programmers to avoid pauses caused by automatic memory management algorithms. Dynamic memory is user-managed using a region-based allocation scheme known as scoped memory areas. However, usage of those scoped memories is cumbersome and often leads to runtime errors. In this paper we focus on the safety critical subset of the Real-time Specification for Java and propose a real-time garbage collector that can be scheduled like a normal real-time thread with a deadline monotonic assigned priority. The restricted programming model offered by Safety Critical Java allows us to substantially simplify the collector. Our proposal has been implemented and evaluated in the context of the JOP project. JOP is a Java processor especially designed for embedded real-time systems. The architecture is optimized for worst-case execution time (WCET) instead of the usual optimization for average case execution time. Execution time of bytecodes is known cycle accurate.
The integrated services in the Internet: state of the art (1997)

This paper is about the evolution of the Internet from a simple data network into a true multiservice network that can support the emerging multimedia applications and their protocols with appropriate performance and costs. The real-time delivery and specific bandwidth requirements of these multimedia applications have created a need for an integrated services Internet in which traditional best effort datagram delivery can coexist with additional enhanced quality of service delivery classes. The integrated services Internet will be able to commit to meet bandwidth, packet loss, and delay specifications for individual data flows by using the resource reservation protocol together with appropriate packet forward scheduling policies.
AN IMPROVED CHEMICALLY DEFINED BASAL MEDIUM (CMRL-1415) FOR NEWLY EXPLANTED MOUSE EMBRYO CELLS (1966)

An improved chemically defined medium, CMRL-1415, has been devised by testing the response of trypsinized, newly explanted mouse embryo cells in stationary cultures to various modifications of an earlier medium, CMRL-1066. The improvements are attributed to changes in amino acid levels, in the vitamin-coenzyme composition, and to an enhanced buffering capacity resulting from the use of free base amino acids, galactose and pyruvate, together with greatly reduced levels of glucose and sodium bicarbonate and the inclusion of both monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate in the ratio 1:4. When the medium is equilibrated with 5% CO(2) in air, an initial pH of 7.2-7.4 is achieved, with excellent buffering capacity. CMRL-1415 contains 50 ingredients (9 fewer than CMRL-1066) and is prepared from six stable stock concentrates. By omitting sodium bicarbonate (to give CMRL-1415-ATM), the medium may be used in unsealed cultures in free gas exchange with air. CMRL-1415 and CMRL-1415-ATM are intended for use with and without serum protein and other supplements; and by preparing them double strength they may be combined with agar or other gelling agents to provide a semi-solid substrate.
Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy: BCG and Beyond (2012)

Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has become the predominant conservative treatment for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Its mechanism of action continues to be defined but has been shown to involve a T helper type 1 (Th1) immunomodulatory response. While BCG treatment is the current standard of care, a significant proportion of patients fails or do not tolerate treatment. Therefore, many efforts have been made to identify other intravesical and immunomodulating therapeutics to use alone or in conjunction with BCG. This paper reviews the progress of basic science and clinical experience with several immunotherapeutic agents including IFN-α, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-10.
Nanoporous Ultra‐Low‐Dielectric‐Constant Fluoropolymer Films via Selective UV Decomposition of Poly(pentafluorostyrene)‐<i>block</i>‐Poly(methyl methacrylate) Copolymers Prepared Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2005)

Abstract Block copolymers of poly(pentafluorostyrene) (PFS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (PFS‐ b ‐PMMA) have been synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Then, nanoporous fluoropolymer films have been prepared via selective UV decomposition of the PMMA blocks in the PFS‐ b ‐PMMA copolymer films. The chemical composition and structure of the PFS homopolymers and copolymers have been characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS), and molecular‐weight measurements. The cross‐sectional and surface morphologies of the PFS‐ b ‐PMMA copolymer films before and after selective UV decomposition of the PMMA blocks have been studied using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The nanoporous fluoropolymer films with pore sizes in the range 30–50 nm and porosity in the range 15–40 % have been obtained from the PFS‐ b ‐PMMA copolymers of different PMMA content. Dielectric constants approaching 1.8 have been achieved in the nanoporous fluoropolymer films which contain almost completely decomposed PMMA blocks.
Formation of Magnetic Fe<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>/Silica Core-Shell Particles in a One-Step Flame Aerosol Process (2010)

In this study, iron silicon oxide particles were generated in a one-step flame assisted spray pyrolysis (FASP) process using H2/air or H2/O2 diffusion flames. A colloidal precursor solution was used, which contained dissolved iron nitrate and stably suspended silica nanoparticles. H2/air flames resulted in magnetic FexOy/silica core-shell particles. There was a correlation between particle size and particle structure; particles larger than 500 nm had the core-shell structure, but smaller particles had non-core-shell structures. H2/O2 flames only resulted in nanoparticles that had non-core-shell structures. The core-shell particles had a iron oxide core that was hermetically enclosed in a uniform silica shell with a typical thickness of approximately 100 nm; they were superparamagnetic with a room-temperature saturation magnetization greater than 24 emu/g. Temperature history of the particles may be used to explain the correlation between flame type and particle structure. The correlation between particle size and structure may be due to size-dependent thermodynamic stability of the structures, or kinetics of heat and mass transfer. The results from this study suggest that micrometer sized iron oxide silica core-shell magnetic particles could be generated from a one-step flame aerosol process, but FexOy/silica nanoparticles (< 100 nm) with the core-shell structure cannot be generated in a one-step flame aerosol process.
Age-related brain parenchymal fraction is significantly decreased in young multiple sclerosis patients: a quantitative MRI study (2003)

The extent of brain atrophy was determined in 33 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in 60 healthy subjects (21-76 years) by calculating brain parenchymal fractions (BPF, the ratio of brain parenchymal to intracranial volume) from 3D MRI. Within the normal data base, subjects at higher ages showed significantly lower BPF values. In younger MS patients, BPF was significantly decreased compared with age-matched controls (20-29 years, p= 0.0022; 30-39 years, =p 0.0001; 40-49 years,p = 0.0444) and was significantly correlated with disease duration and disease severity, but not with the number of detectable MS lesions. Determination of age-related BPF demonstrated significant brain atrophy in early MS and can be considered as a useful biological marker for monitoring MS.
Vildagliptin plus metformin combination therapy provides superior glycaemic control to individual monotherapy in treatment‐naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2009)

In treatment-naive patients, combinations of vildagliptin and both high-dose and low-dose metformin provide superior efficacy to monotherapy treatments with a comparable overall tolerability profile and low risk of hypoglycaemia. The potential dose-sparing effect of adding vildagliptin to low-dose metformin in preference to the up-titration of metformin may allow patients to achieve equivalent or superior HbA(1c) lowering without the GI tolerability issues associated with higher doses of metformin.
Variations of energy gap, resistivity, and temperature coefficient of resistivity in annealed<i>β</i>-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ag</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Se thin films (1989)

Electrical resistivity of vacuum-deposited and vacuum-annealed \ensuremath{\beta}-${\mathrm{Ag}}_{2}$Se thin films of thicknesses between 600 and 2000 A\r{} has been measured in vacuum. It is found that all the films exhibit semiconducting behavior and the energy band gap is a function of thickness increasing linearly with it. It is also found that the film resistivity and temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) are both functions of inverse thickness as expected from the thin-film size-effect theories. The linear dependence of the band gap on thickness is thought to be due to the large density of dislocations in thin films and its variation with thickness and the changing stoichiometry of the films. The reciprocal thickness dependence of resistivity and TCR is explained by the effective mean-free-path models. The mean free path ${l}_{g}$ estimated from this model turns out to be about 1300 A\r{} and the value estimated from the \ensuremath{\rho} plot agrees well with that estimated from the \ensuremath{\beta} plot. Also, carrier concentration in the films is estimated to be about 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$.
Increasing interpretation accuracy: A new approach to interval velocity estimation (1988)

A crucial paradox exists in the discrepancy between the accuracy to which arrival times of seismic events are routinely picked by interpreters (a few tenths of a percent) and the accuracy inherent in the use of interval velocities for depth conversion (10–20 percent). In addressing this full 10 000 percent (or full factor of 100) difference in accuracy, a new approach for velocity determination has been developed. This approach directly addresses three major problems that degrade interval velocity analysis: complex overburden structure; uncertainty in the location, strike and dip of the depth-point reflector; and depth-point smear along the reflector.
Network-assisted congestion control for information centric networking (2015)

Internet has grown very rapidly in the last couple of decades and still growing because of the expansion and utilization of various services and applications. Consequently, demand of delay and throughput sensitive services, like audio/video is also increasing. Information Centric Networking (ICN) is proposed as an architecture for the future Internet to meet the modern users and application requirements. In ICN users send requests (Interest Packets) for the Data they need. Interest packet is assigned a lifetime, which greatly affects the Quality of Experience (QoE) because user needs to resend the Interest, when the lifetime expires. Interest lifetime may be expired because of congestion, or Interest lifetime is shorter than the network delay, etc. Waiting for the expiration of an Interest lifetime to resend it is merely appropriate for best effort traffic, rather than services which require high throughput and are delay sensitive. In this paper, we propose Network-Assisted Congestion Control mechanism in ICN, which detects the congestion before it happens, and provides notification to downstream node. On reception of the notification, downstream node continuously reduces the traffic rate. However, when the downstream node fails to adjust the sending rate, the same procedure continues, until the sending node reduces the traffic rate through adjusting its congestion window. We have intensively evaluated our proposal by comparing it with similar proposal using ndnSIM. The experimental results show that our proposal achieves up to 59 percent performance improvement over other proposal in the literature.
Multigenic Relation to the Attenuation of Rabies Virus (2006)

Rabies virus Nishigahara strain causes lethal infection in adult mice after intracerebral inoculation. On the other hand, the RC-HL strain, derived from the Nishigahara strain, does not cause lethal infection in adult mice. We previously demonstrated that a chimeric virus, R(G), with the open reading frame of the G gene (G-ORF) from the Nishigahara strain in the background of the RC-HL genome, is virulent. Reversely, in order to demonstrate that the G gene of the RC-HL strain is related to the attenuated phenotype, we established a reverse genetics system of the Nishigahara strain and generated a chimeric virus, Ni(G), with the G-ORF from RC-HL in the background of the Nishigahara genome. Contrary to our prediction, Ni(G) killed adult mice after intracerebral inoculation with neuropathic symptoms like those of Nishigahara strain infection. Therefore, the G-ORF of the RC-HL strain is not the sole determinant of the attenuated phenotype. In additional investigation, we examined other genes, including N, P, M and L genes, and generated chimeric viruses exhaustively. We found that chimeric viruses with a single gene from the RC-HL were not attenuated and that chimeric viruses with the G-ORF and at least one other ORF from the RC-HL were attenuated. In conclusion, attenuation from the Nishigahara to RC-HL strain is multigenic.
A Myosin V Inhibitor Based on Privileged Chemical Scaffolds (2010)

Switching the motor off: Privileged chemical scaffolds were used as a starting point for the development of a specific chemical inhibitor 1 of myosin V, a key motor protein required for intracellular transport (see picture; ADP=adenosine diphosphate, ATP=adenosine triphosphate). The potency of 1, which does not compete directly with nucleotide binding, is comparable to that of other known motor-protein inhibitors used as probes in chemical biology. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Advances in smart sensor technology (2005)

Rapid developments in semiconductor, computing, and communication technologies have led to a new generation of sensors called "smart" sensors which are capable of wireless communication with a remote site, communication among themselves, as well as automated data processing such as detection of regularities and correlations in raw data, extraction of relevant features, and the establishment of cause and effect relationships. Sensors are also being tied to radio frequency identification (RFID) devices to provide remote sensing capabilities for "smart environment" applications. This paper provides an overview of smart sensor networks and illustrates their use through a prototype application using the Berkeley smart sensor "Mote".
Sonographically Guided Plantaris Tendon Release: A Cadaveric Validation Study (2018)

IV.
Electrochemistry of Copper in Aqueous Glycine Solutions (2001)

Potential-pH equilibria and potentiodynamic polarization studies were used to examine the electrochemical behavior of copper in aqueous glycine solutions. Potential-pH diagrams for the copper-water-glycine system were derived at different total copper <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML1" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>T</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> </mml:math> and glycine <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML2" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>L</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>T</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> </mml:math> activities. The diagrams show that glycine significantly extended the solubility range of copper. Polarization experiments were conducted in deaerated and aerated aqueous solutions of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML3" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>M</mml:mo> </mml:math> glycine with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML4" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>M</mml:mo> </mml:math> cupric nitrate and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML5" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>M</mml:mo> </mml:math> glycine with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML6" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>M</mml:mo> </mml:math> cupric nitrate at pH values between 9 and 12. The results of these experiments are discussed in terms of the relevant potential-pH diagrams. Good correlations were observed. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
An Improved Resource Reservation Algorithm for IEEE 802.15.3 (2006)

In this paper, we propose an improved resource reservation algorithm ESRPT (enhanced shortest remaining processing time) for bursty traffic based on IEEE 802.15.3 standard. In this algorithm, each transmitter reports current fragments number of the first MSDU (MAC service data unit) and all of the fragments number of the remainder MSDUs in the pending transmission queue to PNC (piconet coordinator). In the next superframe, PNC firstly allocates part CTAs (channel time allocation) for each stream based on the remainder fragments number of the first MSDU by SRPT rule, then allocates remainder CTAs for each stream based on all fragments number of remainder MSDUs by the same SRPT rule. This algorithm decreases the job failure rates of delay-sensitive video streaming efficiently at the cost of slightly increasing communication overheads. Simulation results show that our proposed ESRPT method achieves better performance in QoS for multimedia streams compared to the existing SRPT schemes
A model system using modulation of lanthanide luminescence to signal Zn2+ in competitive aqueous media † (2000)

Two pentadentate tribasic ligand systems containing aniline or benzylamine nitrogens covalently linked to a proximate kinetically stable Eu or Tb complex are described. The affinity of these complexes and their non-conjugated analogues for Zn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions has been measured at ambient pH in a high salt background. Apparent binding constants for the parent ligands (L1: Zn2+ log βML 5.04, Ca2+ 3.91, Mg2+ 2.1, L3: Zn2+ 5.93, Ca2+ 5.00, Mg2+ 3.60) were slightly lowered in the aniline-based terbium conjugate [TbL4], and were the same for the benzylamine-based conjugate [LnL2], except for zinc binding for which a slightly enhanced affinity was observed. Changes in the form of ligand absorption and emission spectra and in the intensity of delayed lanthanide luminescence characterised metal ion binding. With [LnL2], a 42 and 26% increase in emission at 700 nm (Eu) and 545 nm (Tb) accompanied zinc binding in a simulated extracellular background, with an apparent dissociation constant of 0.6 μM (295 K).
An approach to designing security model for mobile agent based systems (2002)

This paper considers the design of a security model for mobile agent based computing systems. The security model proposes the notion of a security enhanced agent that captures a variety of security information needed in the provision of security services. It defines the privileges of the agent required to perform the actions, the rights that other principals can have over the agent as well as delegation of privileges. The security model identifies security management and policy based components in agent enabled hosts which interpret the privileges and rights of agents and enforce the security controls.