gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft Hint Enabled Adaptive Visible Light Communication over Screen-Camera Links (2016)

Screen-camera links for Visible Light Communication (VLC) are diverse, as the link quality varies according to many factors, such as ambient light and camera's performance. This paper presents SoftLight, a channel coding approach that considers the unique channel characteristics of VLC links and automatically adapts the transmission data rate to the link qualities of various scenarios. SoftLight incorporates two new ideas: (1) an expanded color modulation interface that provides soft hint about its confidence in each demodulated bit and establishes a bit-level VLC erasure channel, and (2) a rateless coding scheme that achieves bit-level rateless transmissions with low computation complexity and tolerates the false positive of bits provided by the soft hint enabled erasure channel. SoftLight is orthogonal to the visual coding schemes and can be applied atop any barcode layouts. We implement SoftLight on Android smartphones and evaluate its performance under a variety of environments. The experiment results show that SoftLight can correctly transmit a 22-KByte photo between two smartphones within 0.6 second and improves the average goodput of the state-of-the-art screen-camera VLC solution by 2.2×.
Exposure to Dihydroxyacetone in Sunless Tanning Products (2017)

ABSTRACT The public has been warned for years about the dangers of ultraviolet exposure from natural sunlight and tanning beds due to the associated risk for skin cancer development. An alternative to obtaining the sun-kissed look without ultraviolet exposure has been self-tanning products, which are applied directly to the skin via lotions, sprays, foams, and wipes. However, recent research has indicated that the chemical dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which is the active agent in most sunless tanning lotions, may cause cell damage via free radical reactions. Changes in pigmented lesion appearance during dermoscopic examinations after use of products containing DHA have been documented, and these findings will be analyzed. This integrative research review will examine evidence-based research regarding the risks of using DHA-containing products. Nola Pender’s health promotion model is recommended to identify strategies that healthcare providers can use when developing anticipatory guidance to address factors leading to barriers in health promoting behaviors. This model is focused on improvement of well-being while preventing diseases.
Two-plane focusing of high-space-charge sheet electron beams using periodically cusped magnetic fields (1999)

Numerical and theoretical analyses show that stable, two-plane focusing of finite width, elliptical cross section, sheet electron beams with high space charge (low voltage, high current density) can be accomplished using periodically cusped-magnetic (PCM) fields. Magnetic field strength requirements for focusing high-space-charge sheet beams are within technological capabilities of modern permanent magnet technology. Both an offset-pole PCM stack and a PCM stack combined with a periodic quadrupole magnet (PQM) edge array are shown to be effective for two-plane sheet beam confinement. The PCM-PQM hybrid configuration offers inherent advantages for independent adjustment of confinement fields to achieve beam matching (minimum ripple) in both transverse dimensions. The offset-pole configuration offers the advantage of open-side access for applications such as vacuum electronic microwave devices. It is also shown that PCM-focused sheet beam envelope stability obeys criteria equivalent to that previously identified for round-cross-section electron beams in periodic permanent magnet focusing.
New Group 4 Metallocene and Niobocene Complexes Containing Phosphane-Functionalizedansa-Ligands (2002)

The asymmetric ansa-ligand precursors Me2Si(C5Me4H)(C5H4R) [R = CH2CH2PPh2 (1), PPh2 (2)] and their lithium derivatives Li2{Me2Si(C5Me4)(C5H3R)} [R = CH2CH2PPh2 (3), PPh2 (4)] have been prepared. The group 4 metal ansa complexes [M{Me2Si(η5-C5Me4)(η5-C5H3R)}Cl2] [M = Ti, R = CH2CH2PPh2 (5), PPh2 (6); M = Zr, R = CH2CH2PPh2 (7), PPh2 (8); M = Hf, R = CH2CH2PPh2 (9), PPh2 (10)] were obtained by the reaction of [TiCl4(THF)2] or MCl4 (M = Zr or Hf) and the corresponding lithiated ansa derivative. The reaction of complexes 7 and 8 with two equivalents of MgMeCl led to the formation of the alkyl complexes [Zr{Me2Si(η5-C5Me4)(η5-C5H3R)}Me2] [R = CH2CH2PPh2 (11), PPh2 (12)]. Methyl abstraction from 11 and 12 with B(C5F6)3 gave the cationic species [Zr{Me2Si(η5-C5Me4)(η5-C5H3R)}Me]+ [R = CH2CH2PPh2 (13), PPh2 (14)]. The insertion reaction of the isocyanide reagent CNC6H3Me2-2,6 into the Zr−Me bond of complex 12 giving the corresponding η2-iminoacyl compound [Zr{Me2Si(η5-C5Me4)(η5-C5H3PPh2)}{η2-MeC=N(C6H3Me2-2,6)}(Me)] (15) is described. The ansa-niobocene imide [Nb(=NtBu){Me2Si(η5-C5Me4)(η5-C5H3PPh2)}Cl] (16) and the niobocene imide complexes [Nb(=NtBu)(η5-C5H4PPh2)2Cl] (17) were synthesised by the reaction of [Nb(=NtBu)Cl3(py)2] with Li2{Me2Si(C5Me4)(C5H3PPh2)} (4) or two equivalents of Li(C5H4PPh2), respectively. Preliminary results for the catalytic activity of 7 and 8 in the polymerization of ethylene are presented. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
A Constant-Factor Approximation Algorithm for Unsplittable Flow on Paths (2014)

In the unsplittable flow problem on a path, we are given a capacitated path $P$ and $n$ tasks, each task having a demand, a profit, and start and end vertices. The goal is to compute a maximum profit set of tasks such that, for each edge $e$ of $P$, the total demand of selected tasks that use $e$ does not exceed the capacity of $e$. This is a well-studied problem that has been described under alternative names, such as resource allocation, bandwidth allocation, resource constrained scheduling, temporal knapsack, and interval packing. We present a polynomial time constant-factor approximation algorithm for this problem. This improves on the previous best known approximation ratio of $O(\log n)$. The approximation ratio of our algorithm is $7+\epsilon$ for any $\epsilon>0$. We introduce several novel algorithmic techniques, which might be of independent interest: a framework which reduces the problem to instances with a bounded range of capacities, and a new geometrically inspired dynamic program which solves to optimality a special case of the problem of finding a maximum weight independent set of rectangles. In the setting of resource augmentation, wherein the capacities can be slightly violated, we give a $(2+\epsilon)$-approximation algorithm. In addition, we show that the problem is strongly NP-hard even if all edge capacities are equal and all demands are either 1, 2, or 3.
Rethinking low extra delay background transport protocols (2010)

BitTorrent has recently introduced LEDBAT, a novel application-layer congestion control protocol for data exchange. The protocol design starts from the assumption that network bottlenecks are at the access of the network, and that thus user traffic competes creating self-inducing congestion. To relieve from this phenomenon, LEDBAT is designed to quickly infer that self-induced congestion is approaching (by detecting relative changes of the one-way delay in the transmission path), and to react by reducing the sending rate prior that congestion occurs. Prior work has however shown LEDBAT to be affected by a latecomer advantage, where newly arriving connections can starve already existing flows. In this work, we propose modifications to the congestion window update mechanism of the LEDBAT protocol that aim at solving this issue, guaranteeing thus intra-protocol fairness and efficiency. Closed-form expressions for the stationary throughput and queue occupancy are provided via a fluid model, whose accuracy is confirmed by means of ns2 packet level simulations. Our results show that the proposed change can effective solve the latecomer issue, without affecting the other original LEDBAT goals at the same time.
The Identification of Outer Membrane Proteins and Flagella of Campylobacter jejuni (1984)

The outer membrane proteins of five clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni were identified by 125I-surface labelling and SDS-PAGE of outer membrane preparations. All isolates expressed a major outer membrane protein of variable molecular weight (43 000-46 000: 43K-46K). Several constant surface proteins were also identified including a 27K protein which was surface-exposed and acid-extractable but was not present in the outer membrane preparations. Isolated flagella comprised a major 62K protein and a minor 87K protein. Both proteins were absent in an aflagellate variant. The 62K protein was immunoblotted and immunoprecipitated by rabbit anti-flagella antisera.
In vitro Adherence of Microorganisms to Denture Base Resin with Different Surface Texture (1990)

We examined the effects of various denture base resin surface textures on the adherence of microorganisms. S. sanguis and B. gingivalis adhered in greater amounts to the denture base resin than the other microorganisms tested. As to bacterial adherence according to polishing state, S. oralis, B. gingivalis C-101, and B. intermedius C-001 more adhered to the No. 400 paper-polished surface than to the buff-polished and smoothening-treated surfaces. S. sanguis less adhered to the smoothening-treated surface. S. mitis and C. albicans, on the other hand, more adhered to the smoothening-treated surface. For the other microorganisms tested, no relationship was observed between surface texture and bacterial adherence. The fall-off test revealed no remarkable differences in the fall-off of S. sanguis and B. gingivalis C-101 by the types of surface treatment. However, the fall-off of C. albicans was poorest from the No. 400 paper-polished surface. These results indicate that smoothening the denture base surface is important for denture plaque control.
Ligand stabilization of CXCR4/δ‐opioid receptor heterodimers reveals a mechanism for immune response regulation (2008)

The CXCR4 chemokine receptor and the delta opioid receptor (DOR) are pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Both are widely distributed in brain tissues and immune cells, and have key roles in inflammation processes and in pain sensation on proximal nerve endings. We show that in immune cells expressing CXCR4 and DOR, simultaneous addition of their ligands CXCL12 and [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin does not trigger receptor function. This treatment does not affect ligand binding or receptor expression, nor does it promote heterologous desensitization. Our data indicate that CXCR4 and DOR form heterodimeric complexes that are dynamically regulated by the ligands. This is compatible with a model in which GPCR oligomerization leads to suppression of signaling, promoting a dominant negative effect. Knockdown of CXCR4 and DOR signaling by heterodimerization might have repercussions on physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation, pain sensation and HIV-1 infection.
Efficient Synthesis of Gaussian Filters by Cascaded Uniform Filters (1986)

Gaussian filtering is an important tool in image processing and computer vision. In this paper we discuss the background of Gaussian filtering and look at some methods for implementing it. Consideration of the central limit theorem suggests using a cascade of ``simple'' filters as a means of computing Gaussian filters. Among ``simple'' filters, uniform-coefficient finite-impulse-response digital filters are especially economical to implement. The idea of cascaded uniform filters has been around for a while [13], [16]. We show that this method is economical to implement, has good filtering characteristics, and is appropriate for hardware implementation. We point out an equivalence to one of Burt's methods [1], [3] under certain circumstances. As an extension, we describe an approach to implementing a Gaussian Pyramid which requires approximately two addition operations per pixel, per level, per dimension. We examine tradeoffs in choosing an algorithm for Gaussian filtering, and finally discuss an implementation.
Deconstructing Blockchains: A Comprehensive Survey on Consensus, Membership and Structure (2019)

It is no exaggeration to say that since the introduction of Bitcoin, blockchains have become a disruptive technology that has shaken the world. However, the rising popularity of the paradigm has led to a flurry of proposals addressing variations and/or trying to solve problems stemming from the initial specification. This added considerable complexity to the current blockchain ecosystems, amplified by the absence of detail in many accompanying blockchain whitepapers. Through this paper, we set out to explain blockchains in a simple way, taming that complexity through the deconstruction of the blockchain into three simple, critical components common to all known systems: membership selection, consensus mechanism and structure. We propose an evaluation framework with insight into system models, desired properties and analysis criteria, using the decoupled components as criteria. We use this framework to provide clear and intuitive overviews of the design principles behind the analyzed systems and the properties achieved. We hope our effort will help clarifying the current state of blockchain proposals and provide directions to the analysis of future proposals.
Nitric oxide-independent response to acetylcholine by terminal arterioles in rat cremaster muscle (1994)

The aim of the present study was to establish whether, in terminal arterioles from the rat cremaster, acetylcholine (ACh) elicits nitric oxide (NO)-independent dilation corresponding to the transient ACh-induced endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization described in arteries. For this purpose, the responses of terminal arterioles [mean diam 15.0 +/- 0.4 (SE) microns] were studied by intravital microscopy in rat cremaster muscle. During 15 min of superfusion by 10(-5) M ACh, the response was characterized by an initial maximal dilation (peak time < 3 min) followed by a more sustained dilation that slightly decreased with time. Inhibition of NO synthesis by 2 x 10(-4) M N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) significantly reduced, but did not eliminate, both the peak and sustained responses. Simultaneous administration of 2 x 10(-4) M L-NNA and 2 x 10(-5) M mefenamic acid, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, did not induce a significantly different response from that observed with L-NNA alone. Procaine (10(-3) M), which is known to inhibit completely ACh-induced hyperpolarization in carotid artery, drastically reduced the initial part of the ACh-induced dilation but not the sustained response. Simultaneous administration of procaine and L-NNA almost completely inhibited the peak response to ACh. Similar results were obtained when L-NNA was combined with a superfusion bath containing 20 mM KCl, a concentration known to reduce hyperpolarization in arteries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The formation of polymer‐solvent complexes of polyacrylonitrile from organic solvents containing carbonyl groups (1993)

Abstract The crystallisation behaviour on cooling of concentrated solutions of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in two organic solvents, gamma butyrolactone (gBL) and ethylene carbonate (EC), was investigated. gBL is a liquid but EC is a crystalline solid at 20°C. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction studies showed that the peaks from the solvent‐containing gel films were different from those in the dry PAN powder. Polarised‐infrared spectroscopy measurements conducted on uniaxially‐drawn gel films indicated not only preferential orientation of the nitriles perpendicular to the draw direction but also orientation of the residual solvent in such a way as to suggest pairing of the gBL or EC molecule with the nitriles on the chains. It is suggested that the X‐ray diffractograms of the gels may be due to the formation of polymer‐solvent complexes during crystallisation of PAN from solvents with carbonyl groups. Differential scanning calorimetry showed gel‐melting endotherms on heating and crystallisation exotherms on cooling.
Peptide-Based Fluorescent Biosensing for Rapid Detection of Fuel Biocontamination (2017)

To reduce the impact of biodeterioration in fuel systems, effective methods for early detection and monitoring of microbial growth in the fuel are required. This study presents the development of broad-range peptide biorecognition elements (BREs) that target cell surface determinants produced by hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms during growth in fuel. BREs were used to biofunctionalize fluorescent semiconductor particles (quantum dots, QDs) to produce a sensitive quantitative fluorescence-based assay for detection of microbial growth in fuel. A biopanning method in the presence of fuel was used to select phage-displayed heptameric peptide BREs against epitopes conserved in fuel-degrading Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. Fluorescence microscopy analysis and fluorescence signal measurements relative to colony-forming units (CFUs) demonstrated the binding and specificity of the BRE-QDs for fuel-degrading Gram-negative bacteria. Cross-reactivity with Gram-positive bacteria Arthrobacter and Lysinibacillus was not observed. The assay was shown to be specific for detection of Gram-negative bacteria. Jet fuel samples amended with different concentrations of fuel-degrading bacteria were used to determine the sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of the assay; an LOD of 5 × 104 colony forming units (CFUs) with detection levels as low as 5 × 103 CFUs was established for the best performing BRE–QD conjugate. The peptide BRE–QD chemistry effectively detected biocontaminated fuel samples from fuel tanks. The peptide BREs may serve to biofunctionalize various fluorescent, chemiluminescent, and colorimetric molecules as well as optical and electrical transducers to developed effective biosensors for detection of microbial contamination in fuel.
An Isotropic Lithium Niobate Microring Resonator with a 1.38-nm Wide Continuous Tuning Range using 80 V (2020)

We present simulation and experimental results for an optical microring resonator in Z-cut thin-film lithium niobate with SiO 2 claddings and integrated tuning electrodes. Applying 0 to -80 V, we achieved a 1.38-nm continuous tuning range.
Tungsten Microelectrode for Recording from Single Units (1957)

From Neurons to Cognition: Technologies for Precise Recording of Neural Activity Underlying Behavior,
Mitotic recombination in yeast: elements controlling its incidence (2000)

Mitotic recombination is an important mechanism of DNA repair in eukaryotic cells. Given the redundancy of the eukaryotic genomes and the presence of repeated DNA sequences, recombination may also be an important source of genomic instability. Here we review the data, mainly from the budding yeast S. cerevisiae, that may help to understand the spontaneous origin of mitotic recombination and the different elements that may control its occurrence. We cover those observations suggesting a putative role of replication defects and DNA damage, including double-strand breaks, as sources of mitotic homologous recombination. An important part of the review is devoted to the experimental evidence suggesting that transcription and chromatin structure are important factors modulating the incidence of mitotic recombination. This is of great relevance in order to identify the causes and risk factors of genomic instability in eukaryotes.
A selective checkpointing mechanism for query plans in a parallel database system (2013)

Most existing parallel database systems achieve fault tolerance by aborting unfinished queries upon a failure and restart the entire from the beginning. This is inefficient for long running queries of OLAP workloads. To solve this problem, this paper presents a selective checkpointing mechanism which materializes the outputs of some necessary operators, enabling to resume queries from middle of the execution upon failures. Each query is represented by a DAG of relational operators in which data are typically pipelined between operators. The goal of the mechanism is to find a set of operators whose outputs are worth being checkpointed to minimize the expected runtime of the whole query. It firstly provides a cost model to estimate the expected runtime of a whole query plan under a given failure probability for each operator. Then a divide-and-conquer algorithm is proposed to find a close-to-optimal solution to the problem. The algorithm divides the query plan into subplans with smaller search spaces. For a given query plan with n operators, the algorithm runs in O(n) time. The mechanism is implemented in a shared-nothing parallel database system called ParaLite which provides a coordination layer to glue many SQLite instances together, and parallelizes SQL queries across them. The experimental results indicate that different fault-tolerant strategies affect the overall runtimes of queries. Our selective checkpointing mechanism can choose reasonable operators to be checkpointed and outperforms other fault-tolerant strategies. In addition, the divide-and-conquer algorithm taken by our mechanism has a smaller overhead than brute-force approach while keeping a similar effectiveness.
The reverse zero-sequence current compensation strategy for back-to-back active power conditioners (2016)

In this paper, a novel reverse zero-sequence current (RZSC) compensation strategy for three-phase four-wire back-to-back active power conditioner (APC) is proposed. The objective of the APC is to achieve the active and reactive power compensation between two micro-grids. However, for the unbalanced voltage sag micro-grid system, the double-line frequency oscillation exists in the output active/reactive power of the APC. In order to eliminate these power oscillation, the zero-sequence current control must be utilized, but it will produce the line frequency ripple voltage on the split capacitors of the dc-bus. The capacitor ripple voltage will speed up the aging process and reduce its life-time. Therefore, the RZSC strategy is proposed to compensate the impact of the ripple voltage to the split capacitors. The circuit configuration and control block diagram of the APC will be introduced. The operation principle of the proposed RZSC strategy will be presented. Both computer simulations and hardware experimental results are presented to verify the performance of the proposed RZSC.
Dynamic Environment Modeling with Gridmap: A Multiple-Object Tracking Application (2006)

The Bayesian occupancy filter (BOF) (Coue et al., 2002) has achieved promising results in the object tracking applications. This paper presents a new development of BOF which inherits original BOF's advantages. Meanwhile, the new formulation has significantly reduced original BOF's complexities and can be run in realtime. In Bayesian occupancy filter, the environment is finely divided into 2-dimensional grids. Different from conventional occupancy gridmaps, in BOF, each grid has both static (occupancy) and dynamic (velocity) characteristics. In the new proposed BOF, the velocity of each cell is modeled as a distribution. The distribution for each cell occupancy can therefore be inferred using a filtering mechanism. A segmentation algorithm is implemented to extract the objects from BOF estimation. Thereafter, standard target tracking methods are employed to further analyze each object's motion. By using BOF as a pre-processing tool, the complexity of the data association is significantly reduced. Experiments using data from an indoor human tracking application demonstrate that our approach yields satisfactory results