gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and remediation technologies for mines and minelike targets III : 13-17 April 1998, Orlando, Florida (1998)

A consideration of detection and remediation technologies for mines and minelike targets. It addresses: electromagnetic methods, such as electromagnetic induction spectroscopy; general topics, such as market-driven technology development; and radar.
Symbolic algebra and timing driven data-flow synthesis (2001)

The growing market of multi-media applications has required the development of complex ASICs with significant data-path portions. Unfortunately, most high-level synthesis tools and methods cannot automatically synthesize data paths such that complex arithmetic library blocks are intelligently used. Symbolic computer algebra has been previously used to automate mapping data flow into a minimal set of complex arithmetic components. In this paper, we present extensions to the previous methods in order to find the minimal critical path delay (CPD) mapping. A new algorithm is proposed that incorporates symbolic manipulations such as tree-height-reduction, factorization, expansion, and Horner transformation. Such manipulations are used as guidelines in initial library element selection. Furthermore, we demonstrate how substitution can be used for multi-expression component sharing and critical path delay optimization.
Minimal residual disease in adult ALL: technical aspects and implications for correct clinical interpretation (2017)

Nowadays, minimal residual disease (MRD) is accepted as the strongest independent prognostic factor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It can be detected by molecular methods that use leukemia-specific or patient-specific molecular markers (fusion gene transcripts, or immunoglobulin/T-cell receptor [IG/TR] gene rearrangements), and by multi-parametric flow cytometry. The sensitivity and specificity of these methods can vary across treatment time points and therapeutic settings. Thus, knowledge of the principles and limitations of each technology is of the utmost importance for correct interpretation of MRD results. Time will tell whether new molecular and flow cytometric high-throughput technologies can overcome the limitations of current standard methods and eventually bring additional benefits. MRD during standard ALL chemotherapy is the strongest overall prognostic indicator and has therefore been used for refining initial treatment stratification. Moreover, MRD positivity after the maintenance phase of treatment may point to an impending relapse and thus enable salvage treatment to be initiated earlier, which could possibly improve treatment results. The prognostic relevance of pretransplantation MRD was shown by several studies, and MRD high-risk patients were shown to benefit from stem cell transplantation (SCT). Also, MRD positivity after SCT correlates with worse outcomes. In addition, MRD information is very instructive in current clinical trials that test novel agents to evaluate their treatment efficacy. Although conventional clinical risk factors lose their independent prognostic significance when combined with MRD information, recently identified genetic markers may further improve the treatment stratification in ALL.
Anodic Oxidation Pathways of Carbazoles (1968)

Electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques have been employed in elucidating the anodic oxidation pathways of carbazole and several N‐substituted derivatives. For carbazole and the N‐alkyl or N‐aryl derivatives, ring‐ring coupling is the predominant decay pathway of the carbazole cations; the coupling rates are extremely rapid. N‐N coupling is observed initially for carbazole, but in long‐time electrolysis it is of little consequence. The oxidation products have been synthesized by chemical means and compared with the species formed electrochemically by matching of cyclic polarograms and visible absorption spectra. Molecular orbital calculations give a qualitative picture of active sites with regard to follow‐up coupling reactions in the carbazole series. N‐vinyl, N‐acetyl, N‐benzoyl, and N‐nitroso carbazole were investigated briefly but found to be extremely complicated.
Accuracy of geolocation estimates for flying seabirds (2004)

Geolocation (Global Location Sensing or GLS logging) using archival light-recording tags offers considerable potential for tracking animal movements, yet few studies of flying seabirds have exploited this technology. Our study evaluated its effectiveness for determining foraging ranges of black-browed albatrosses Thalassarche melanophrys fitted simultaneously with GLS loggers and satellite-transmitters (Platform Terminal Transmitters, PTTs). After some preliminary validation, the position of an albatross could be determined by geolocation with a mean error +/- SD of 186 +/- 114 km (SDs of 1.66degrees and 1.82degrees of latitude and longitude, respectively). Errors from identical static loggers were lower (mean +/- SD of 85 +/- 47 km, with overall SDs of 0.61degrees and 0.99degrees of latitude and longitude, respectively) and less variable, with the difference attributable to variation in sensor orientation, intermittent shading by plumage, and the difficulty of correcting for extensive, potentially non-linear movements of flying birds. Iterative smoothing reduced both the mean error and the inflation of kernel ranges derived from GLS data, but over-smoothing contracted the extremes of the range. This reduced the overlap with radial cores apparent in the control data, and should be avoided for multinuclear GLS fix distributions. The accuracy of GLS tags is more than adequate for tracking migration and breeding-season foraging ranges of pelagic species, and for identifying broad-scale habitat preferences, overlap and potential conflict with commercial fisheries.
Preprototyping SIMD coprocessors using virtual machine emulation and trace compilation (1997)

The use of massively parallel SIMD array architectures is proliferating in the area of domain specific coprocessors. Even so, they have undergone few systematic empirical studies. The underlying problems include the size of the architecture space, the lack of portability of the test programs, and the inherent complexity of simulating up to hundreds of thousands of processing elements. We address the computational cost problem with a novel approach to trace-based simulation. Code is run on an abstract virtual machine to generate a coarse-grained trace, which is then refined through a series of transformations (a process we call trace compilation ) wherein greater resolution is obtained with respect to the details of the target machine. We have found this technique to be one to two orders of magnitude faster than instruction-level simulation while still retaining much of the accuracy of the model. Furthermore, abstract machine traces must be regenerated for only a small fraction of the possible parameter combinations. Using virtual machine emulation and trace compilation also addresses program portability by allowing the user to code in a single data parallel language with a single compiler, regardless of the target architecture. This technique has already been used to generate significant results with respect to SIMD array architectures, a sample of which are presented here.
A Read-Static-Noise-Margin-Free SRAM Cell for Low-VDD and High-Speed Applications (2005)

To help overcome limits to the speed of conventional SRAMs, we have developed a read-static-noise-margin-free SRAM cell. It consists of seven transistors, several of which are low-Vth nMOS transistors used to achieve both low-VDD and high-speed operations. For the same speed, the area of our proposed SRAM is 23% smaller than that of a conventional SRAM. Further, we have fabricated a 64-kb SRAM macro using 90-nm CMOS technology and have obtained with it a minimum VDD of 440 mV and a 20-ns access time with a 0.5-V supply.
Retrograde intrarenal lithotripsy for small renal stones in prepubertal children. (2011)

Advancements in ureteroscopy have now given the urologist virtually unrestricted access to calculi at all locations in the upper urinary tract. Retrograde intrarenal lithotripsy is a new modality to treat upper urinary tract stones in children. In this retrospective study, we present our experience in retrograde intra-renal lithotripsy in children over a period of 30 months. Fifty-six children with renal stones less than 1.5 cm in size, who underwent retrograde intrarenal lithotripsy during the period from January 2007 to June 2009 at Prince Hussein Urology Center, Royal Medical Center, Amman, Jordan, were included in the study. The average age was 8.2 years and male to female ratio was 2.1:1. The average size of the stone was 1.2 cm, ranging from 0.9 to 1.5 cm. Twelve patients (15.5%) had bilateral stones. All patients had a Double J stent inserted 2-4 weeks prior to the procedure. Ureteroscopy up to the renal pelvis was performed and fragmentation of the pelvic stones was performed by electrohydraulic lithotriptor and the patients were on follow-up during this period. Overall, a total of 78 procedures were performed in these patients. Twelve patients underwent bilateral procedures for bilateral disease, but in separate settings. Nine patients (16%) needed a second session for residual stones. Only four patients (7.1%) needed a third session. The clearance rate was 94.8%. Three patients (3.9%) developed upper urinary tract infection after ureteroscopy; one patient (1.7%) developed frank hematuria postoperatively that was treated conservatively. No residual stones or other complications were detected during an average of 34 months of follow-up. Thus, in the expanding field of pediatric urolithiasis, retrograde intrarenal lithotripsy seems promising and is less invasive and has fewer complications.
Atomic scale investigation of chemical heterogeneity in β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films using atom probe tomography (2019)

We investigated atomic scale chemical heterogeneity in β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 thin films with different aluminum (Al) concentrations using atom probe tomography. Two film samples with an Al molar concentration of x = 0.2 and x = 0.5, grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy, were analyzed and compared. The measured overall compositions were found to be in agreement with the target compositions in both cases. The film with the higher Al content showed a significant chemical heterogeneity, which could be attributed to the low growth temperature.
A system for adaptive disk rearrangement (1990)

Abstract The speed of mass storage devices has a significant impact on the performance of computer systems. The speed that is realized on a particular mass storage device, however, depends heavily on how that device is used. Operating systems, such as the UNIX UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories. time‐sharing system, use layout policies and head‐scheduling disciplines that are designed to work well on average. Numerous studies have shown that disk access patterns exhibit a high degree of locality. Further, studies have shown that these access patterns do not necessarily correspond to the usage patterns anticipated by the system's designers, and that head scheduling is used infrequently enough that it has limited effect. This paper describes the design, implementation, and use of a disk subsystem that adaptively corrects the disparity between expected access patterns and actual access patterns by reorganizing disk data. A representative experiment that demonstrates the resulting performance improvement is presented.
Allgemeine Grundlagen (1993)

Altern ist keine Krankheit! Altern kann dem einzelnen Menschen jedoch zur Last werden, weil er auf diesen unausweichlichen Prozeß nicht genügend vorbereitet ist, auch wenn er unter äußerlich optimalen Bedingungen lebt. Die Lebenssituation und vor allem körperliche Beschwerden können den Alternden trotz besten Willens an einem harmonischen Altern hindern. Drei Faktoren sind für ein komplikationsloses und positiv empfundenes seelisches und körperliches Altern von großer Bedeutung:
A new p-channel MOSFET with large-tilt-angle implanted punchthrough stopper (LATIPS) (1988)

A buried-channel p-MOSFET with a large-tile-angle implanted punchthrough stopper (LATIPS) is described. In this device the n/sup +/ LATIPS region was successfully realized adjacent to the p/sup +/ source/drain, even without a sidewall spacer, by taking advantage of the n/sup +/ large-tilt-angle implant. In spite of the relatively deep p/sup +/ junction of 0.2- mu m depth and the low n-well concentration of 1*10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/, the 0.5- mu m LATIPS device (with corresponding channel length of 0.3 mu m) achieved high punchthrough resistance, e.g. a low subthreshold swing of 95 mV/decade with a high transconductance of 135 mS/mm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of the St. John's Wort Constituent Hyperforin on Docetaxel Metabolism by Human Hepatocyte Cultures (2005)

Exposure to the St. John's wort constituent hyperforin induces docetaxel metabolism in vitro. This implies that subtherapeutic docetaxel concentrations may result when docetaxel is administered to patients using St. John's wort on a chronic basis. The results also show induction of previously undescribed metabolic pathways for docetaxel, one of which may be analogous to the known 6-alpha-hydroxylation of paclitaxel by CYP2C8.
Adenosine Production Is Essential for Closing the Critical Period of Cortical Plasticity (2014)

Sensory inputs from the external world are represented as highly organized systems in the adult brain for effective adaptation to the environment. At the cortical level, this organization is referred to as cortical maps. The establishment of cortical maps begins with early life experiences during the critical period, a brief period during development of heightened sensitivity to sensory stimuli. During this time, organization of cortical maps is plastic and highly subject to change through passive sensory experience. As an animal matures, the critical period closes and changes to cortical maps occur less freely. The cellular mechanisms of cortical map plasticity in adults remain unknown, and are thought to underlie perceptual learning and memory. Based on work in brain slices, it has previously been suggested that the mechanism of cortical map plasticity in the primary auditory cortex (AI) occurs at thalamocortical (TC) synapses in the form of synaptic plasticity. As the critical period closes, adults develop an adenosinedependent presynaptic gate that prevents TC synaptic plasticity from occurring. By removing the adenosine gate, synaptic plasticity is able to be induced at mature TC synapses. In the present study, I examined if adenosine-dependent presynaptic gating at TC synapses underlies AI cortical map plasticity in live animals. Through genetic deletion of adenosine machinery at TC synapses, I found that cortical map plasticity at AI in adult mice could be induced through passive tone exposure, which was only thought to work during the auditory critical period.
Fingerprint Matching using Ridge Patterns (2006)

This paper presents a fingerprint matching scheme that utilizes a ridge patterns to match fingerprint images. The proposed scheme uses a set of 16 Gabor filters where spatial frequencies correspond to the average inter-ridge spacing in fingerprints. It is used to capture the ridge strength at equally spaced orientations. A circular tessellation of filtered image is then used to construct the ridge feature map. This ridge feature map contains both global and local details in a fingerprint as a compact fixed length feature vector. The fingerprint matching is based on the Euclidean distance between two corresponding feature vectors. The genuine accept rate of the Ridge Pattern based matcher is observed to be about 5% to 8% higher than that of minutiae-based matcher at low false accept rates. Fingerprint feature extraction and matching takes nearly 7 seconds on a normal Pentium IV machine.
Parameter estimation of synchronous generators from different types of disturbances (2011)

A methodology of parameter estimation of synchronous generator from different types of disturbances, such as: transmission line trip-out, single-phase faults and three-phase faults is proposed in this paper. The generator is specially modelled by a set of differential algebraic equations (DAE) to allow parameter estimation from easily available measurements such as terminal currents and voltages, field voltage and mechanical velocity. Furthermore, a new formulation of sensitivity analysis is used as a parameter fitting algorithm. This formulation avoids solvability problems, which can occur in the algebraic equations of the DAE during the estimation, and guarantee convergence when the initial parameter guess is far away from the true values. Noise influence in the estimation process is also evaluated.
Photoinduced Charge Transfer and Efficient Solar Energy Conversion in a Blend of a Red Polyfluorene Copolymer with CdSe Nanoparticles (2006)

We present measurements of charge transfer and the photovoltaic effect in a blend of the alternating polyfluorene copolymer poly(2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)) with branched CdSe nanoparticles. Quasi-steady-state photoinduced absorption measurements identified a long-lived charged species that formed after photoexcitation at room temperature. Photovoltaic devices based on this blend system showed a spectral response extending to 650 nm and gave a solar power conversion efficiency of 2.4% under Air Mass 1.5 Global (AM1.5G) conditions.
Variational Autoencoders for Collaborative Filtering (2018)

We extend variational autoencoders (VAEs) to collaborative filtering for implicit feedback. This non-linear probabilistic model enables us to go beyond the limited modeling capacity of linear factor models which still largely dominate collaborative filtering research.We introduce a generative model with multinomial likelihood and use Bayesian inference for parameter estimation. Despite widespread use in language modeling and economics, the multinomial likelihood receives less attention in the recommender systems literature. We introduce a different regularization parameter for the learning objective, which proves to be crucial for achieving competitive performance. Remarkably, there is an efficient way to tune the parameter using annealing. The resulting model and learning algorithm has information-theoretic connections to maximum entropy discrimination and the information bottleneck principle. Empirically, we show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms several state-of-the-art baselines, including two recently-proposed neural network approaches, on several real-world datasets. We also provide extended experiments comparing the multinomial likelihood with other commonly used likelihood functions in the latent factor collaborative filtering literature and show favorable results. Finally, we identify the pros and cons of employing a principled Bayesian inference approach and characterize settings where it provides the most significant improvements.
Protocols to Study the Physiology of Oral Biofilms (2010)

The oral cavity harbors several hundred different bacterial species that colonize both hard (teeth) and soft tissues, forming complex populations known as microbial biofilms. It is widely accepted that the phenotypic characteristics of bacteria grown in biofilms are substantially different from those grown in suspensions. Because biofilms are the natural habitat for the great majority of oral bacteria, including those contributing to oral diseases, a better understanding of the physiology of adherent populations is clearly needed to control oral microbes in health and disease. In this chapter, we use oral streptococci as examples for studying the physiology of oral biofilms.
Estrogen receptor determination and long term survival of patients with carcinoma of the breast. (1991)

To investigate whether or not hormone receptor determination gives independent prognostic information for long term survival of patients with carcinoma of the breast, we studied 1,392 patients with early carcinoma of the breast. Patients were part of two prospective, multi-institutional trials, the first begun in 1974 and the second in 1980. Estrogen receptor assays were performed on all primary specimens taken of the carcinoma of the breast. Initial treatment for all patients was a modified radical mastectomy. Nine hundred and seventeen patients had negative axillary nodes and were observed without additional therapy. Four hundred and seventy-five had positive nodes and were randomized to receive combination chemoendocrine adjuvant therapy. One thousand and sixty-three (76.4 per cent) of the patients were found to have estrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumors (greater than or equal to 3 femtomoles per milligram cytosol of protein). The ten year over-all survival rate of 65.9 per cent was significantly better than that of 329 (23.6 per cent) patients with estrogen receptor negative (ER-) tumors (less than 3 femtomoles per milligram cytosol protein), who had a ten year over-all survival rate of 56.0 per cent (p = 0.0001). Higher estrogen receptor values were associated with Caucasian (p = 0.0001) and postmenopausal patients (p = 0.0001). In a proportional hazards regression model, patients with ER+ tumors had a significantly longer over-all survival period (p = 0.0001), but only a marginally improved disease-free survival time (p = 0.07) when compared with patients who had ER- tumors. These results indicate that ER determination does have prognostic value for long term over-all survival of patients with carcinoma of the breast. The greater importance of ER analysis to over-all compared with disease-free survival may be related to more easily managed recurrent disease among the ER+ group.
Preparation and characterization of hCG-loaded polylactide or poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres using a modified water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion solvent evaporation technique (2001)

A modified w/o/w emulsion solvent evaporation technique was adopted to prepare human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)-loaded polylactide (PLA) or poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres. The effects of preparative parameters, such as stirring rate, polymer MW and concentration, and the composition of both the inner aqueous phase and oil phase etc., on hCG entrapment efficiency and microsphere characteristics were investigated. It was found that by adding 20% glycerol into the inner aqueous phase and 40% acetone into the oil phase, smooth microspheres approximately 1 microm in diameter could be produced with high hCG entrapment efficiency (>90%). In vitro release test showed a burst release of hCG from PLGA (75:25) microspheres, followed by sustained release of 55% hCG over 2 months. The initial hCG burst from PLGA microspheres increased with the glycerol concentration in the inner aqueous phase, but decreased to a low value (ca. 20%) with the addition of acetone into the oil phase, which could be attributed to the associated changes in surface morphology of the microspheres. In vivo experiments demonstrated that a single shot of hCG-loaded PLGA microspheres could produce a comparable antibody response with the inoculation of free hCG four times.