gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corn Response to Conventional and Slow‐Release Nitrogen Fertilizers across a Claypan Landscape (2009)

Improvement of N fertilizer recovery efficiency (NRE) is necessary to reduce excess N entering the environment and to increase economic returns. A 2‐yr field trial was established in 2005 in Northeast Missouri to determine the effects of conventional and slow‐release N fertilizer sources and landscape position (summit, sideslope, and low‐lying) on crop growth and NRE in corn ( Zea mays L.) in a claypan soil. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments at 168 kg N ha −1 consisted of pre‐plant applied and incorporated polymer‐coated urea (PCU), urea, 50% PCU/50% urea mix by weight, anhydrous ammonia (AA), and a nontreated control. Gravimetric soil water content data in 2005 and 2006 indicated that the low‐lying position was often wetter than the summit and sideslope positions. Anhydrous ammonia and PCU treatments increased grain yield 1470 to 1810 kg ha −1 over urea in the low‐lying position in 2005 and 2006. Corresponding increases in plant N uptake and NRE were observed in the low‐lying position in 2005 with use of PCU and AA compared to urea, but not in 2006. Based on the grain yield results in this research and different fertilizer cost and crop prices, gross profit differences for use of PCU and preplant‐applied AA compared with urea in the low‐lying position could range from $50 to $642 ha −1 . These results demonstrate that targeted use of different N fertilizer sources in claypan landscapes may increase grain yields and profitability.
Multicenter trial validation for quantitative analysis of same-day rest-stress technetium-99m-sestamibi myocardial tomograms. (1994)

The results of this study demonstrate that the new objective quantitative method for analysis of same-day rest/stress 99mTc sestamibi SPECT images is accurate for detection and localization of CAD and correlates highly with expert visual interpretation.
Performance enhancement of low-cost MEMS inertial sensors using extensive calibration technique (2017)

Low cost Micro Electrical Mechanical Systems (MEMS) inertial sensors are well known for their degraded performance if used in a self-contained navigation system. Due to large number of errors that affect the sensor's output. In this paper, an evaluation of performance improvement technique through experimental work for such sensors is introduced; the metric used in this work to evaluate the performance is the position error calculated using sensor's output through inertial navigation mechanization. For such evaluation, it is required to calculate the deterministic errors for gyroscopes and accelerometers that comprise the IMU, and to estimate the random errors using Allan variance technique for different bandwidths. To achieve this goal, a precise deterministic calibration process and random noise model of a chosen MEMS IMU is applied. The calibrated data then is used with the inertial navigation mechanization model, the test results show that the error in position is reduced dramatically when the calibration procedure is applied correctly to remove different types of errors. The estimated noise errors are compensated using Kalman Filter (KF) which led to improve the positioning accuracy.
LIQUID CRYSTALS 2. PART II (1968)

The papers show more concentration on molecular properties than on bulk physical properties. There is an interest in the synthesis of new compounds which may exhibit unusual properties such as response to external influences (e.g. electric and/or magnetic field). Study of optical properties of liquid crystalline substances remains very popular and experimental techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and infrared which measure directly parameters associated with individual molecules are gaining a wider audience. The experimental techniques used to study structure were quite varied and included X-ray, nuclear magnetic resonance, spin resonance, ultrasonics, optical microscopy, electron microscopy of lyotropic systems, and electrical and magnetic field effects on optical properties. The continuum theory, a model for molecular arrangement in liquid crystals, was the most popular of the approaches to an explanation of the structure of nematic liquid crystals. (Author)
Hypo-Functional<i>SLC26A4</i>variants associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss and enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct: Genotype-phenotype correlation or coincidental polymorphisms? (2009)

Hearing loss with enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct (EVA) can be associated with mutations of the SLC26A4 gene encoding pendrin, a transmembrane Cl(-)/I(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger. Pendrin's critical transport substrates are thought to be I(-) in the thyroid gland and HCO(3)(-) in the inner ear. We previously reported that bi-allelic SLC26A4 mutations are associated with Pendred syndromic EVA whereas one or zero mutant alleles are associated with nonsyndromic EVA. One study proposed a correlation of nonsyndromic EVA with SLC26A4 alleles encoding pendrin with residual transport activity. Here we describe the phenotypes and SLC26A4 genotypes of 47 EVA patients ascertained since our first report of 39 patients. We sought to determine the pathogenic potential of each variant in our full cohort of 86 patients. We evaluated the trafficking of 11 missense pendrin products expressed in COS-7 cells. Products that targeted to the plasma membrane were expressed in Xenopus oocytes for measurement of anion exchange activity. p.F335L, p.C565Y, p.L597S, p.M775T, and p.R776C had Cl(-)/I(-) and Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange rate constants that ranged from 13 to 93% of wild type values. p.F335L, p.L597S, p.M775T and p.R776C are typically found as mono-allelic variants in nonsyndromic EVA. The high normal control carrier rate for p.L597S indicates it is a coincidentally detected nonpathogenic variant in this context. We observed moderate differential effects of hypo-functional variants upon exchange of HCO(3)(-) versus I(-) but their magnitude does not support a causal association with nonsyndromic EVA. However, these alleles could be pathogenic in trans configuration with a mutant allele in Pendred syndrome.
AN EXPERIMENT IN THE TRAINING OF SOCIAL WORKERS AND PRISONERS (1966)

AN EXPERIMENT IN THE TRAINING OF SOCIAL WORKERS AND PRISONERS L. CHARLES, L. CHARLES * Lecturer in Education, University of Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar IAN M. DUNBAR IAN M. DUNBAR †† Assistant Governor, Tutor, Prison Service Staff College, Wakefield, formerly at Leyhill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 6, Issue 4, October 1966, Pages 430–437, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048967 Published: 01 October 1966
Up-regulation of human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)<i>tax/rex</i>mRNA in infected lung tissues (2000)

HTLV-1 has been implicated in certain pulmonary diseases. We previously demonstrated that expression of HTLV-1 tax/rex mRNA, encoding the transcriptional transactivator Tax, was closely associated with infiltration of activated T lymphocytes into lung tissue. To explore mechanisms of tax/rex expression in the lung, tax/rex mRNA expression and proviral DNA load were compared between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALC) from four patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP) and 13 carriers with various pulmonary symptoms. Semiquantitative detection of tax/rex mRNA strongly suggested that the lung was a preferential site for its expression. Proviral DNA loads in non-HAM/TSP carriers were variable but correlated well between PBMC and BALC in each individual, and revealed no relationship with tax/rex mRNA expression. In contrast, both cell groups from four HAM/TSP patients expressed detectable tax/rex mRNA accompanied by high proviral DNA load. The ratio of tax/rex mRNA expression to proviral DNA load was higher in BALC than in PBMC in three of four carriers and in three of four HAM/TSP patients, suggesting up-regulation of tax/rex mRNA in infected lung tissue. To analyse differences in distribution of HTLV-1 quasispecies between the two tissues, phylogenetic analysis was performed for sequence sets of the proviral tax open reading frame (ORF: 1059 bp) derived from PBMC and BALC of two infected individuals. Sequences derived from the two tissues distributed similarly to branches of phylogenetic trees, and there was no evidence of selective distribution of certain quasispecies in the lung. Our results suggest the presence of tissue-specific conditions that activate viral expression in infected cells in the lung. Constitutive exposure of this tissue to foreign antigens leading to up-regulation of basal viral promoter activity is likely to be one such mechanism.
Kinetics of Ca<sup>2+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> Antiport in Isolated Tonoplast Vesicles from Storage Tissue of <i>Beta vulgaris</i> L. (1986)

Artificial pH gradients across tonoplast vesicles isolated from storage tissue of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were used to study the kinetics of a Ca(2+)/H(+) antiport across this membrane. Ca(2+)-dependent H(+) fluxes were measured by the pH-dependent fluorescence quenching of acridine orange. DeltapH-dependent Ca(2+) influx was measured radiometrically. Both H(+) efflux and Ca(2+) influx displayed saturation kinetics and an identical dependence on external calcium with apparent K(m) values of 43.9 and 41.7 micromolar, respectively. Calcium influx was unaffected by an excess of Mg(2+) but was inhibited by La(3+) > Mn(2+) > Cd(2+). The apparent K(m) for external calcium was greatly affected (5-fold) by internal pH in the range of 6.0 to 6.5 and a transmembrane effect of internal proton binding on the affinity for external calcium is suggested.
Peripheral Refraction Profiles in Subjects with Low Foveal Refractive Errors (2011)

The most common peripheral refraction profile (observed in nearly 50% of our population) was best described by the "box model." The high variability among subjects may limit attempts to reduce myopia progression with a uniform lens design and may rather call for a customized approach.
The Effects of 2′- <i>O</i> -Methoxyethyl Oligonucleotides on Renal Function in Humans (2017)

Systemically administered 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2'MOE) antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) accumulate in the kidney and metabolites are cleared in urine. The effects of eleven 2'MOE ASOs on renal function were assessed in 2,435 patients from 32 phase 2 and phase 3 trials. The principle analysis was on data from 28 randomized placebo-controlled trials. Mean levels of renal parameters remained within normal ranges over time across dose groups. Patient-level meta-analyses demonstrated a significant difference between placebo-treated and 2'MOE ASO-treated patients at doses >175 mg/week in the percentage and absolute change from baseline for serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate. However, these changes were not clinically significant or progressive. No dose-related effects were observed in the incidence of abnormal renal test results in the total population of patients, or subpopulation of diabetic patients or patients with renal dysfunction at baseline. The incidence of acute kidney injury [serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL (26.5 μM) increases from baseline or ≥1.5 × baseline] in 2'MOE ASO-treated patients (2.4%) was not statistically different from placebo (1.7%, P = 0.411). In conclusion, in this database, encompassing 32 clinical trials and 11 different 2'MOE ASOs, we found no evidence of clinically significant renal dysfunction up to 52 weeks of randomized-controlled treatment.
Recognition by Human Monoclonal Antibodies of Free and Complexed Peptides Representing the Prefusogenic and Fusogenic Forms of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41 (2000)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into target cells appears to be triggered when two heptad repeat regions in the ectodomain of gp41 associate, converting the prefusogenic form of gp41 to a fusogenic form. Peptides from these two heptad repeat regions, designated N51 and C43, form a coiled coil consisting of an alpha-helical trimer of heterodimers which approximates the core of the fusogenic form of gp41. To understand the antigenic structures of gp41 in these two configurations, and to examine the specificity of anti-gp41 antibodies produced by HIV-1-infected individuals, human anti-gp41 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were tested for their reactivity against N51, C43, and the complex formed by these peptides. Of 11 MAbs, 7 reacted with the complex but with neither of the parent peptides. These MAbs reacted optimally with the N51-C43 complex prepared at a 1:1 ratio and appeared to recognize the fusogenic form of gp41 in which the two heptad repeat regions are associated to form the coiled coil. The existence of antibodies from HIV-infected humans that exclusively recognize the N51-C43 complex constitutes the first proof that the coiled-coil conformation of gp41 exists in vivo and is immunogenic. Two of the 11 MAbs were specific for the hydrophilic loop region of gp41 and failed to react with either peptide alone or with the peptide complex, while the remaining 2 MAbs reacted with peptide C43. One of these two latter MAbs, 98-6, also reacted well with the equimolar N51-C43 complex, while reactivity with C43 by the other MAb, 2F5, was inhibited by even small amounts of N51, suggesting that the interaction of these peptides occludes or disrupts the epitope recognized by MAb 2F5. MAbs 98-6 and 2F5 are also unusual among the MAbs tested in their ability to neutralize multiple primary HIV isolates, although 2F5 displays more broad and potent activity. The data suggest that anti-gp41 neutralizing activity is associated with specificity for a region in C43 which participates in complex formation with N51.
Electrical Conduction in Uranyl Phthalocyanine (1966)

Abstract Uranyl phthalocyanine in its electrical properties might be expected to be quite different from phthalocyanine complexes with transition metals. The major peak of its absorption spectrum is in the near infrared and the compound shows a strong photocurrent response in this region. In the dark, it is one of the most conductive of the phthalocyanines, but its activation energy is 0.87 eV, about the same as metal-free phthalocyanine. Single crystals exhibit a photoconductive gain about 1000-fold greater than the sublimed films, probably because of more efficient carrier transport through the more perfect crystal lattice.
Pattern profile control utilizing shadowing effect in oblique ion-beam etching (1981)

A new pattern profile control technique utilizing an ion-beam shadowing effect has been developed. A tapered sidewall is obtained by oblique ion-beam etching with a sublayer deposition on a layer to be etched before or after photolithography. Metal or photoresist can be used as a sublayer. Tapered pattern angle is controlled mainly by varying ion-bean angle and initial mask thickness. Sublayer thickness is chosen to eliminate discontinuous sidewall formation arising from an ion-beam shadowing effect. Since the chemical etching process can be completely eliminated in these processing steps, pattern profiles for all the materials are easily controlled with good reproducibility.
Electrochemical process for dissolving plutonium dioxide and leaching plutonium from scrap or wastes (1986)

Dissolution of plutonium (PU) from high-fired plutonium dioxide (PuO/sub 2/) and the leaching of Pu from scrap or wastes have often posed difficult process problems. Traditionally, dissolution has been accomplished using 12 M HNO/sub 3/-0.18 M HF at boiling temperatures. This work discusses the development of electrochemical dissolution of PuO/sub 2/ in compartmented cells. Small amounts of oxidation catalysts are used to carry electrons from the solid PuO/sub 2/ to the anode surface, producing PuO/sub 2//sup 2 +/ solution. PuO/sub 2/ that has been fired at temperatures to 1700/sup 0/C can be dissolved at 25/sup 0/C to concentrations exceeding 400 g Pu/L using the catalyzed electrochemical plutonium oxide dissolution (CEPOD) process. The silver ion is used as the redox catalyst. The dissolution rates are 5 to 15 times faster than the rates obtained using the current process (12 M HNO/sub 3/-0.18 M HF), and the corrosive fluoride ion is avoided.
175. The chemistry of colour reactions. The Craven reaction (1965)

T. J. King and C. E. Newall, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 974 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650000974
Good practice lessons from Australian Crime and Violence Prevention Awards winners (2013)

The Australian Crime and Violence Prevention Awards (ACVPA) is a national awards program administered by the Australian Institute of Criminology that recognises innovative crime prevention projects that embody good practice. This paper provides an assessment of six ACVPA national winners from 2009 and 2010, with a focus on determining reasons for their success and the factors that appear to play a role in sustaining effective crime prevention programs. Essential to the success of many of these projects was the time taken to tailor approaches that suited the individual needs of clients. Emphasis was also placed on the important role played by local businesses and the wider community. Although it was difficult to identify the impact of winning an ACVPA on future project success for the small number of projects sampled for this paper, winning an ACVPA appeared to provide a foundation for pursuing other activities and ‘legitimised’ the project to the community and other agencies.
Role of Protein Serotype Antigens in Protection against Disease Due to Neisseria meningitidis (1977)

Evidence is provided for the protective effects of antibody to noncapsular antigens in immunity to meningococcal disease. Serotype 2 strains were associated with 50% of disease due to group B Neisseria meningitidis in Europe. The amount of serotype antibody in normal individuals is related to age, and adult levels are reached by about 10 years of age. Children under two years of age who have recovered from disease due to groups B and CN. meningitidis of serotype 2 make antibody to serotype 2; this fact indicates the potential immunogenicity of the serotype antigen in young children. The isolated serotype 2 antigen injected into rabbits elicited bactericidal antibody that was only weakly opsonic. Guinea pigs that were infected via spring implants with serotype 2 N. meningitidis developed antibody to serotype 2. After clearance of infection these animals became resistant to challenge with serotype 2 strains of groups B and C N. meningitidis. This serotypes-specific immunity to reinfection persisted for at least four months.
The binding of factor Va to phospholipid vesicles. (1988)

The analysis of free sulfhydryl groups in factor Va using dithiobis-(nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) indicated the presence of one accessible thiol in each of the two subunits of the cofactor. Intact factor Va contained one readily accessible sulfhydryl group under native conditions and approximately two such groups after denaturation. A comparison of the rate of modification of the accessible thiol in factor Va under native conditions to those observed with the isolated subunits indicated that the thiol present in component D of the cofactor was readily accessible to reaction with DTNB. Factor Va was reacted with the sulfhydryl-directed fluorophore N-(1-pyrene)maleimide, resulting in the concomitant loss of the accessible thiol with no detectable alteration in the activity of the cofactor. This fluorescent derivative of factor Va (Pyr-Va) was used to examine the binding of factor Va to phospholipid vesicles by fluorescence polarization. Fluorescence polarization of the pyrene moiety increased saturably when Pyr-Va was titrated with increasing concentrations of vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine (PS). Systematic analysis of the binding of Pyr-Va to PCPS (75% phosphatidylcholine, 25% PS) indicated that the binding interaction was characterized by a dissociation constant of 2.7 x 10(-9) M with 42 mol of PCPS bound per mol of Va at saturation. The data obtained by varying the PS content of the vesicles are consistent with the interpretation that the Va-combining site on the vesicle surface is composed of a discrete number of PS molecules. The binding of Pyr-Va to PCPS was independent of added calcium ion and could be reversed by the addition of unlabeled Va or isolated component E but not by component D. Analysis of the displacement curves indicated that native factor Va or isolated component E and Pyr-Va mutually excluded each other on the vesicle surface with identical affinities. Competition experiments conducted using component E digested by factor Xa or the isolated derivative peptides indicated that the cleavage of component E by factor Xa had no effect on the PCPS binding properties of this subunit. Further, the data obtained with the isolated peptides suggest that the lipid-binding domain of component E is present in the amino-terminal region of this subunit.
Fungi in bioremediation (2001)

Bioremediation is an expanding area of environmental biotechnology, and may be defined as the application of biological processes to the treatment of pollution. Much bioremediation work has concentrated on organic pollutants, although the range of substances that can be transformed or detoxified by micro-organisms includes both natural and synthetic organic materials and inorganic pollutants, such as toxic metals. The majority of applications developed to date involve bacteria and there is a distinct lack of appreciation of the potential roles and involvement of fungi in bioremediation, despite clear evidence of their metabolic and morphological versatility. This book highlights the potential of filamentous fungi, including mycorrhizas, in bioremediation and discusses the physiology and chemistry of pollutant transformations
Sumoylation of Krüppel-like Factor 4 Inhibits Pluripotency Induction but Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation (2013)

Ectopic expression of transcription factors has been shown to reprogram somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. It remains largely unexplored how this process is regulated by post-translational modifications. Several reprogramming factors possess conserved sumoylation sites, so we investigated whether and how this modification regulates reprogramming of fibroblasts into iPS cells. Substitution of the sole sumoylation site of the Krüppel-like factor (KLF4), a well known reprogramming factor, promoted iPS cell formation. In comparison, much smaller effects on reprogramming were observed for sumoylation-deficient mutants of SOX2 and OCT4, two other classical reprogramming factors. We also analyzed KLF2, a KLF4 homolog and a member of the KLF family of transcription factors with a known role in reprogramming. KLF2 was sumoylated at two conserved neighboring motifs, but substitution of the key lysine residues only stimulated reprogramming slightly. KLF5 is another KLF member with an established link to embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Interestingly, although it was much more efficiently sumoylated than either KLF2 or KLF4, KLF5 was inactive in reprogramming, and its sumoylation was not responsible for this deficiency. Furthermore, sumoylation of KLF4 but not KLF2 or KLF5 stimulated adipocyte differentiation. These results thus demonstrate the importance KLF4 sumoylation in regulating pluripotency and adipocyte differentiation.