gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastic local buckling of thin-walled elliptical tubes containing elastic infill material (2008)

Elliptical tubes may buckle in an elastic local buckling failure mode under uniform compression. Previous analyses of the local buckling of these members have assumed that the cross-section is hollow, but it is well-known that the local buckling capacity of thin-walled closed sections may be increased by filling them with a rigid medium such as concrete. In many applications, the medium many not necessarily be rigid, and the infill can be considered to be an elastic material which interacts with the buckling of the elliptical tube that surrounds it. This paper uses an energy-based technique to model the buckling of a thin-walled elliptical tube containing an elastic infill, which elucidates the physics of the buckling phenomenon from an engineering mechanics basis, in deference to a less generic finite element approach to the buckling problem. It makes use of the observation that the local buckling in an elliptical tube is localised with respect to the contour of the ellipse in its cross-section, with the localisation being at the region of lowest curvature. The formulation in the paper is algebraic and it leads to solutions that can be determined by implementing simple numerical solution techniques. A further extension of this formulation to a stiffness approach with multiple degrees of buckling freedom is described, and it is shown that using the simple one degree of freedom representation is sufficiently accurate for determining the elastic local buckling coefficient.
<i>In situ</i> TEM study of mechanical behaviour of twinned nanoparticles (2012)

There is strong interest in studying changes in mechanical properties with reducing grain size. The rational is that consequent dislocation glide cannot be sustained, resulting in an increase in material strength. However, this comes with the cost of a reduction in ductility. It has been shown that coherent twin boundaries in nanostructured Cu improve the ductility to 14% [Lu et al., Science 324 (2009) p. 349]. In this paper, we report for the first time the compression of individual nanoparticles using an in situ force probing holder in the transmission electron microscope. Four types of nanoparticles were tested, three with twin boundaries (decahedra, icosahedra and a single twin) and one free of defects (octahedral). Our results indicate the yield strength of the twinned nanoparticles is between 0.5 and 2.0 GPa. The total malleability for the twinned particles range from 80 to 100%. In addition, experimental results were reproduced by MD simulations of the compression phenomena and suggest that the outstanding mechanical properties are related with partial dislocation multiplication at twin boundaries.
Best practices for the deployment and management of production HPC clusters (2011)

Commodity-based Linux HPC clusters dominate the scientific computing landscape in both academia and industry ranging from small research clusters to petascale supercomputers supporting thousands of users. To support broad user communities and manage a user-friendly environment, end-user sites must combine a range of low-level system software with multiple compiler chains, support libraries, and a suite of 3rd party applications. In addition, large systems require bare metal provisioning and a flexible software management strategy to maintain consistency and upgrade-ability across thousands of compute nodes. This report documents a Linux operating system framework, (LosF), which has evolved over the last seven years to provide an integrated strategy for the deployment of multiple HPC systems at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. Documented within this effort is the high-level cluster configuration options and definitions, bare-metal provisioning, hierarchical HPC software stack design, package-management, user environment management tools, user account synchronization, and local customization configurations.
Use of transgenic mice to map cis-acting elements in the intestinal fatty acid binding protein gene (Fabpi) that control its cell lineage-specific and regional patterns of expression along the duodenal-colonic and crypt-villus axes of the gut epithelium. (1992)

The mouse intestinal epithelium is able to establish and maintain complex lineage-specific, spatial, and temporal patterns of gene expression despite its rapid and continuous renewal. A multipotent stem cell located near the base of each intestinal crypt gives rise to progeny which undergo amplification and allocation to either enterocytic, Paneth cell, goblet cell, or enteroendocrine cell lineages. Differentiation of these four lineages occurs during their geographically ordered migration along the crypt-villus axis. Gut stem cells appear to have a "positional address" which is manifested by differences in the differentiation programs of their lineal descendants along the duodenal-colonic (cephalocaudal) axis. We have used the intestinal fatty acid binding protein gene (Fabpi) as a model to identify cis-acting elements which regulate cell- and region-specific patterns of gene expression in the gut. Nucleotides -1178 to +28 of rat Fabpi direct a pattern of expression of a reporter (human growth hormone [hGH]) which mimics that of mouse Fabpi (a) steady-state levels of hGH mRNA are highest in the distal jejunum of adult transgenic mice and fall progressively toward both the duodenum and the mid-colon; and (b) hGH is confined to the enterocytic lineage and first appears as postmitotic, differentiating cells exit the crypt and migrate to the base of small intestinal villi or their colonic homologs, the surface epithelial cuffs. Nucleotides -103 to +28, which are highly conserved in rat, mouse and human Fabpi, are able to correctly initiate transgene expression in late fetal life, restrict hGH to the enterocytic lineage, and establish an appropriate cephalocaudal gradient of reporter expression. This cephalocaudal gradient is also influenced by cis-acting elements located between nucleotides -1178 and -278, and -277 and -185 that enhance and suppress (respectively) expression in the ileum and colon and by element(s) located upstream of nucleotide -277 that are needed to sustain high levels of hGH production after weaning. Nucleotides -277 to -185 contain part of a domain conserved between the three orthologous Fabpi genes (nucleotides -240 to -159), a 24-bp element (nucleotides -212 to -188) that binds nuclear factors present in colonic but not small intestinal epithelial cells, and a portion of a CCAAT/enhancer binding protein footprint (C/EBP alpha, nucleotides -188 to -167). Removal of nucleotides -277 to -185 (yielding I-FABP-184 to +28/hGH+3) results in inappropriate expression of hGH in proliferating and nonproliferating epithelial cells located in the mid and upper portions of duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and colonic crypts without affecting the "shape" of the cephalocaudal gradient of transgene expression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Marrying Uncertainty and Time in Knowledge Graphs (2017)

The management of uncertainty is crucial when harvesting structured content from unstructured and noisy sources. Knowledge Graphs ( KGs ) are a prominent example. KGs maintain both numerical and non-numerical facts, with the support of an underlying schema. These facts are usually accompanied by a confidence score that witnesses how likely is for them to hold. Despite their popularity, most of existing KGs focus on static data thus impeding the availabilityof timewise knowledge. What is missing is a comprehensive solution for the management of uncertain and temporal data in KGs . The goal of this paper is to fill this gap. We rely on two main ingredients. The first is a numerical extension of Markov Logic Networks (MLNs) that provide the necessary underpinning to formalize the syntax and semantics of uncertain temporal KGs . The second is a set of Datalog constraints with inequalities that extend the underlying schema of the KGs and help to detect inconsistencies. From a theoretical point of view, we discuss the complexity of two important classes of queries for uncertain temporal KGs: maximuma-posteriori and conditional probability inference. Due to the hardness of these problems and the fact that MLN solvers do not scale well, we also explore the usage of Probabilistic Soft Logics (PSL) as a practical tool to support our reasoning tasks. We report on an experimental evaluation comparing the MLN and PSL approaches.
Softening quantization in bag-of-audio-words (2014)

The audio component of multimedia data can be crucial for multimedia content analysis. Bag-of-audio-words (BoAW) approach is one of the most frequently used methods to represent audio content in multimedia event detection and related tasks. The method, however, has numerous criticisms, amongst which is the loss of information in the “vector quantization” step which generates word-like units. In this work, we address this issue by employing a soft quantization representation where the distance to the nearest codeword is incorporated into the model, rather than only using the nearest codeword's index as is the case with hard quantization. We explore two techniques for soft quantization and apply it to the BoAW for multimedia event detection. We find the best setup yields a 13% improvement in mean average precision, improving performance for 27 of the 30 video events.
Automatic Transistor Alpha Measuring Set (1959)

This paper describes an automatic transistor alpha measuring set which was designed for alpha curve tracing and fast acquisition of directly read values of alpha at discrete operating points on research models of junction transistors at an early stage in their fabrication. The set operates on a true null basis. Its calibration is therefore independent of normal variations of the measuring signal level, amplifier gains, and meter calibrations. Although the set described was designed primarily as an applied research tool, it is readily adaptable to automatic card punching of large masses of data or for rapid automatic selection of production transistors which meet specified limits at a discrete operating point or over a wide and continuous operating range. The automatic selection and card punching features can be combined for production quality control studies.
Inhibition of Isolated <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Fatty Acid Synthase I by Pyrazinamide Analogs (2007)

An analog of pyrazinamide (PZA), 5-chloropyrazinamide (5-Cl-PZA), has previously been shown to inhibit mycobacterial fatty acid synthase I (FASI). FASI has been purified from a recombinant strain of M. smegmatis (M. smegmatis Deltafas1 attB::M. tuberculosis fas1). Following purification, FASI activity and inhibition were assessed spectrophotometrically by monitoring NADPH oxidation. The observed inhibition was both concentration and structure dependent, being affected by both substitution at the 5 position of the pyrazine nucleus and the nature of the ester or N-alkyl group. Under the conditions studied, both 5-Cl-PZA and PZA exhibited concentration and substrate dependence consistent with competitive inhibition of FASI with K(i)s of 55 to 59 microM and 2,567 to 2,627 microM, respectively. The results were validated utilizing a radiolabeled fatty acid synthesis assay. This assay showed that FASI was inhibited by PZA and pyrazinoic acid as well as by a series of PZA analogs.
A Simplified Model for the Dynamics of a Three-Way Catalytic Converter (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The transient response of a catalytic converter to fluctuations in exhaust gas composition has a significant impact on tailpipe emissions. Advanced emission control strategies therefore need to incorporate a model for such behavior, which must also be sufficiently simple for practical implementation in-vehicle. To this end, a variety of semi-empirical models have been developed, including most recently a number of oxygen “storage-dominated” models. In this paper a new storage-dominated model is developed, which includes for the first time the effects of space velocity. The parameters of model may be estimated using the invariant embedding method.</div>
FLEXO AND FERRO-ELECTRICITYOBSERVATION OF FERROELECTRICAL MONODOMAINS IN THE CHIRAL SMECTIC C LIQUID CRYSTALS (1976)

We have determined, on monodomain samples oriented by an electric field, the tilt angle of molecules inside the layers of ferroelectric smectic C phase of some chiral compounds (DOBAMBC, OOBABCC, HOBACPC, DOBAMBCC, TDOBAMBCC) and we have studied the temperature dependance of this angle. The sign of the permanent electric dipole of the molecules has also been determined. We have specified the pitch of the helix obtained without electric field.
Hyperhidrosis and Botulinum Toxin in Dermatology (Current Problems in Dermatology, Vol 30) (2003)

Not a very long book, this latest product in Karger's Current Problems in Dermatology series nonetheless has a diffuse, slightly confusing mission. Is this a book about botulinum toxin, the dermatologic applications of botulinum toxin, or hyperhidrosis? The answer, of course, is yes.
PVR: high-performance volume rendering (1996)

Traditional volume rendering methods are too slow to provide interactive visualization, especially for large 3D data sets. The PVR (parallel volume rendering) system implements parallel volume rendering techniques that speed up the visualization process. Moreover, it helps computational scientists, engineers, and physicians to more effectively apply volume rendering to visualization tasks. The authors describe the PVR system that they have developed in a collaboration between the State University of New York at Stony Brook and Sandia National Laboratories. PVR is an attempt to provide an easy-to-use portable system for high performance visualization with the speed required for interactivity and steering. The current version of PVR consists of about 25000 lines of C and Tcl/Tk code. It has been used at Stony Brook, Sandia, and Brookhaven National Labs to visualize large data sets for over a year.
2-Hydroxyoleate, a nontoxic membrane binding anticancer drug, induces glioma cell differentiation and autophagy (2012)

Despite recent advances in the development of new cancer therapies, the treatment options for glioma remain limited, and the survival rate of patients has changed little over the past three decades. Here, we show that 2-hydroxyoleic acid (2OHOA) induces differentiation and autophagy of human glioma cells. Compared to the current reference drug for this condition, temozolomide (TMZ), 2OHOA combated glioma more efficiently and, unlike TMZ, tumor relapse was not observed following 2OHOA treatment. The novel mechanism of action of 2OHOA is associated with important changes in membrane-lipid composition, primarily a recovery of sphingomyelin (SM) levels, which is markedly low in glioma cells before treatment. Parallel to membrane-lipid regulation, treatment with 2OHOA induced a dramatic translocation of Ras from the membrane to the cytoplasm, which inhibited the MAP kinase pathway, reduced activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and downregulated Cyclin D-CDK4/6 proteins followed by hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (RB). These regulatory effects were associated with induction of glioma cell differentiation into mature glial cells followed by autophagic cell death. Given its high efficacy, low toxicity, ease of oral administration, and good distribution to the brain, 2OHOA constitutes a new and potentially valuable therapeutic tool for glioma patients.
Characterization of Enzymatic Activity of MlrB and MlrC Proteins Involved in Bacterial Degradation of Cyanotoxins Microcystins (2016)

Bacterial degradation of toxic microcystins produced by cyanobacteria is a common phenomenon. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of these processes is rudimentary. In this paper several novel discoveries regarding the action of the enzymes of the mlr cluster responsible for microcystin biodegradation are presented using recombinant proteins. In particular, the predicted active sites of the recombinant MlrB and MlrC were analyzed using functional enzymes and their inactive muteins. A new degradation intermediate, a hexapeptide derived from linearized microcystins by MlrC, was discovered. Furthermore, the involvement of MlrA and MlrB in further degradation of the hexapeptides was confirmed and a corrected biochemical pathway of microcystin biodegradation has been proposed.
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification Version 1.0 (1997)

This document describes PNG (Portable Network Graphics), an extensible file format for the lossless, portable, well-compressed storage of raster images. PNG provides a patent-free replacement for GIF and can also replace many common uses of TIFF. Indexed-color, grayscale, and truecolor images are supported, plus an optional alpha channel. Sample depths range from 1 to 16 bits.
An acidic, thermostable exochitinase with β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity from Paenibacillus barengoltzii converting chitin to N-acetyl glucosamine (2014)

The excellent thermostability and hydrolytic properties may give the exochitinase great potential in GlcNAc production from chitin. This is the first report on an exochitinase with N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity from Paenibacillus species.
Glycogen Metabolism and Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Role of Glycogen Synthase 1 in Regulation of Synovial Inflammation via Blocking AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activation (2018)

Our data demonstrate that GYS1-mediated glycogen accumulation contributes to FLS-mediated synovial inflammation in RA by blocking AMPK activation. In our knowledge, this is a first study linking glycogen metabolism to chronic inflammation. Inhibition of GYS1 might be a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory arthritis, including RA.
The Prevalence of Hearing Impairment and Associated Risk Factors (2011)

Hearing impairment is a common condition in middle-aged adults. Cardiovascular disease risk factors may be important correlates of age-related auditory dysfunction.
Rapid Assessment of Drug Susceptibilities of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> by Means of Luciferase Reporter Phages (1993)

Effective chemotherapy of tuberculosis requires rapid assessment of drug sensitivity because of the emergence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug susceptibility was assessed by a simple method based on the efficient production of photons by viable mycobacteria infected with specific reporter phages expressing the firefly luciferase gene. Light production was dependent on phage infection, expression of the luciferase gene, and the level of cellular adenosine triphosphate. Signals could be detected within minutes after infection of virulent M. tuberculosis with reporter phages. Culture of conventional strains with antituberculosis drugs, including isoniazid or rifampicin, resulted in extinction of light production. In contrast, light signals after luciferase reporter phage infection of drug-resistant strains continued to be produced. Luciferase reporter phages may help to reduce the time required for establishing antibiotic sensitivity of M. tuberculosis strains from weeks to days and to accelerate screening for new antituberculosis drugs.
Analysis of infrared polarization signatures for backgrounds and objects (2004)

Recent investigations into the use of new electro-optical sensing modalities for the detection of landmines and other objects in complex backgrounds have led to the need to understand the optical properties of background materials (e.g., soils) in more detail. In particular, the use of polarimetric signatures in the optical and infrared domains has been the subject of much study; an understanding of soil optical properties and their variations is critical to evaluating the utility of these signatures. Our research examined polarimetric signatures and corresponding metrics in the context of a real world environment; specifically, we examined the spectral polarization characteristics of landmines and soils within a complex radiative environment. Our initial results indicate that the optical properties of sand dominate the resultant signature for the buried and flush-buried cases. Therefore, a spectral phenomenological model for the polarization signature of the combined sand-landmine system was developed for the infrared band (mid-wave and long-wave infrared) to study these issues in more detail; this model included the effects of various environmental factors such as solar insolation and atmosphere. The modeling paradigm centered on a radiative transfer approach coupled with heat transfer results to account for incident and emitted radiation simultaneously; the Hapke emission model served as a basis for the current investigations. This paper presents a description of the physics-based model for the spectral polarization signatures of buried, flush, and surface land mines and soil features along with signature effects arising from changes in the atmosphere and other environmental processes.
Analysis of a guided wave along a conducting structure in a borehole (1998)

A guided wave along a borehole is often observed in borehole radar measurements. These guided waves deform the antenna pattern and can cause artefacts in radar measurements. A water‐filled borehole or a conducting logging cable can function as a waveguide for electromagnetic waves under some conditions. We describe the theoretical characteristics of such a guided wave in a borehole and compare them with our experiments. The measured signal discussed was obtained with a directional borehole radar. This radar uses a cylindrical conformal array antenna as receiver and is a model of a conducting structure in a borehole. The induced field around the borehole was compared with the theory. The most fundamental symmetrical and asymmetrical modes were TM 01 and HE 11 , and they were identified in the measured signals using time–frequency distribution analysis and by observation of the azimuthal field distribution of the magnetic field.
Bandwidth renegotiation scheme for VBR video services (1999)

The authors show how the existence of long term variability in variable bit rate (VBR) video traffic imposes the need for bandwidth renegotiation. In particular, two simple scenarios with a fixed renegotiation interval are considered. Using a real MPEG trace the renegotiation scheme is evaluated to prove its benefits in terms of bandwidth gain and quality of service. The problem of renegotiation demonstrates the need for modelling long term variability in VBR traffic.
Surface-sustained permanent gratings in nematic liquid crystals doped with carbon nanotubes (2002)

Response properties of photoinduced gratings were studied in planar cells of liquid crystal doped with multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The grating formation time deduced from beam-coupling measurements was obtained to be ~30 ms. Absorption spectroscopy implies that the permanent gratings are associated with periodically distributed carbonaceous material adsorbed on the inner surfaces of the cell windows under prolonged illumination to the 514.5-nm beams, giving rise to the persistent lightinduced modulation of the easy axis.
Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, Second Edition: Essential Principles and Practices, Volume I (2002)

The second edition of an international bestseller, this book provides veterinary specialists as well as veterinary and biomedical researchers with detailed information about laboratory animal genetics, diseases, health monitoring, nutrition, and environmental impact on animal experiments. Completely revised and updated, Volume I now contains expand
Neue Peptidsynthese (1980)

Alkylphosphonsäureanhydride wie (1) werden als Kondensationsmittel für Peptidsynthesen empfohlen. Ein Vorteil von (1) gegenüber Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid (DCC) besteht darin, daß kein schwerlösliches Folgeprodukt auftritt. Hinsichtlich Ausbeute und Racemisierungsgrad ist die neue Methode den verbesserten DCC-Techniken ebenbürtig, in Einzelfällen überlegen.