gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Course of Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome: The First Two Decades (1998)

A majority of TS patients displayed a consistent time course of tic severity. This consistency can be accurately modeled mathematically and may reflect normal neurobiological processes. Determination of the model parameters that describe each patient's course of tic severity may be of prognostic value and assist in the identification of factors that differentially influence the course of tic severity.
Lifting Bloody Footwear Impressions Using Alginate Casts Followed by Chemical Enhancement (2013)

A method for lifting bloody footwear impressions using alginate casts and enhancing the lifted impressions with amido black is presented. On rough or dark substrates, background interferences may conceal significant details of footwear impressions. Illumination with alternative light sources and chemically enhancing the bloody footwear impressions may reveal additional details, but sometimes, lifting footwear impressions prior to enhancing is the only way to expose hidden details (by using blood reagents not adequate on the original). Several cast formulations were tested for lifting the footwear impressions. The best results were achieved using Aroma fine®. Enhancement of the footwear impressions was attempted with several reagents prior to lifting, during the casting process, and on the lifted footwear impressions. Applying amido black to footwear impressions lifted with alginate produced the sharpest and most detailed footwear impressions. Alginate castings followed by chemical enhancement with amido black may produce high-quality footwear impressions for comparison.
New Atomic Data for Doubly Ionized Iron Group Atoms by High Resolution UV Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (2002)

Currently available laboratory spectroscopic data of doubly ionized iron-group element were obtained about 50 years ago using spectrographs of modest dispersion, photographic plates, and eye estimates of intensities. The accuracy of the older wavelength data is about 10 mAngstroms at best, whereas wavelengths are now needed to an accuracy of 1 part in 10(exp 6) to 10(exp 7) (0.2 to 2 mAngstroms at 2000 Angstroms). The Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy group at Imperial College, London, and collaborators at the Harvard College Observatory have used a unique VUV FT spectrometer in a program focussed on improving knowledge of spectra of many neutral and singly and doubly ionized, astrophysically important, iron group elements. Spectra of Fe II and Fe III have been recorded at UV and VUV wavelengths with signal-to-noise ratios of several hundred for the stronger lines. Wavelengths and energy levels for Fe III are an order of magnitude more accurate than previous work; analysis is close to completion. f-values for Fe II have been published.
The Retrograde Motion of the Arc Cathode Spot (1950)

The motion of the cathode spot in a direction opposite to that predicted by Ampère's law depends on the arc current, gas pressure, kind of gas, and magnetic field strength. Studies of the effects of these variables have been made, including measurements of velocity and the critical pressure at which reversal of motion occurs. The phenomena observed have not been clearly explained by any of the pictures presented to date. The existence of the retrograde motion indicates very strongly that the positive-ion space charge outside the cathode is all important in determining the mechanism of current transfer.
Spleen Stiffness in Patients With Cirrhosis in Predicting Esophageal Varices (2013)

Measurement of SS can be used for noninvasive assessment of EV and can differentiate large vs. small varices and nonbleeder vs. bleeder.
Code placement and replacement strategies for wideband CDMA OVSF code tree management (2002)

The use of OVSF codes in WCDMA systems has offered opportunities to provide variable data rates to flexibly support applications with different bandwidth requirements. Two rarely addressed issues in such environments are the code placement problem and code replacement problem. The former may have significant impact on code utilization and thus code blocking probability, while the latter may affect the code reassignment cost if dynamic code assignment is to be conducted. The general objective is to make the OVSF code tree as compact as possible in order to support new calls, either with less blocking or with less reassignment cost. This paper is perhaps the first one which addresses these issues in WCDMA. Three simple strategies, which can be adopted by both code placement and code replacement, are proposed: random, leftmost, and crowded-first. Among them the crowded-first strategy looks most promising, which is shown to be able to reduce, for example, the code blocking probability by 77% and the number of reassignments by 81% as opposed to the random strategy when the system is 80% fully loaded and the max SF=256.
A digitally assisted technique to improve rectifier efficiency in wireless energy harvesting systems (2016)

This paper presents a efficiency enhanced rectifier for wireless energy harvesting (WEH) systems. A prototype of the proposed technique is implemented with discrete components and a microcontroller. Measurement results verify the performance of the approach for small input levels which corresponds to a WEH system operating over a long range.
Photosonocatalysis on decomposition of some organics in aqueous solutions (1990)

The decomposition of aqueous organic solutions was studied under sonolysis, photolysis and the synergistic combination of the two. The photosonocatalysis technology was first reported by Toy and coworker for chemical syntheses (1-3) and subsequently they utilized the technique to lower the degradation temperatures of the ion-exchange resins in water to near ambient temperature (4,5). In this paper, the homogeneous photosonocatalysis on decompositions of the water soluble organic liquid as ethylene glycol and the water-soluble solid as urea were studied and compared to sonolysis and photolysis individually.
A linear amino acid sequence involved in the interaction of t-PA with its endothelial cell receptor (1989)

Endothelial cell receptors for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) have been demonstrated recently, and we have sought to identify a region of the t-PA molecule involved in its interaction with these receptors on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Of three monoclonal antibodies against various regions of t-PA, one directed against the finger region inhibited 125I-t-PA binding to the cells. Synthetic peptides corresponding in amino acid sequences to segments from within the finger region were constructed, and one of these inhibited t-PA binding. This peptide corresponded to residues 7 through 17 of t-PA. The inhibition by this peptide was specific as other peptides from the finger region were inactive. The inhibitory peptide also did not affect the binding of another fibrinolytic ligand, urokinase, to the cells. Although a role for other regions of t-PA in binding to endothelial cells cannot be excluded, the results implicate a short span of linear amino acid sequence within the finger region in the interaction of t-PA with endothelial cells.
Abstract 19874: CCN2/CTGF as a Novel Stimulator of Proliferation and Survival of Cardiac Progenitor Cells/ Stem Cells. (2010)

Background: Stem cell therapy is a novel tentative treatment option for myocardial infarction. Current challenges are more effective means of proliferation and survival of cardiac stem cells, as we...
Effects of Targeting Moiety, Linker, Bifunctional Chelator, and Molecular Charge on Biological Properties of <sup>64</sup>Cu-Labeled Triphenylphosphonium Cations (2008)

In this report, we present the synthesis and evaluation of six new 64Cu-labeled triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cations. Biodistribution studies were performed using the athymic nude mice bearing U87MG human glioma xenografts to explore the impact of TPP moieties, linkers, bifunctional chelators (BFCs), and molecular charge on biological properties of 64Cu radiotracers. On the basis of the results from this study, it is concluded that (1) mTPP (tris(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphonium) is a better mitochondrion-targeting molecule than TPP and 3mTPP (tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium); (2) DO3A (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-4,7,10-triacetic acid) and DO2A (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-4,7-diacetic acid) are suitable BFCs for the 64Cu-labeling of TPP cations; (3) NOTA-Bn ( S-2-(4-thioureidobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid) has a significant adverse effect on the radiotracer tumor uptake and tumor-to-background ratios; and (4) monoanionic BFCs should be avoided to ensure that 64Cu chelate has a neutral or negative charge. Considering the tumor uptake and tumor/liver ratios, 64Cu(DO2A-xy-TPP)+ is the best candidate for more extensive evaluations in different tumor-bearing animal models.
An organic semiconductor based process for photodetecting applications (2005)

A low temperature (< 90/spl deg/C) fully lithographic transistor process flow is used to create a pentacene field effect transistor backplane and photodetectors using a soluble organic photoconductor, titanyl pthalalocyanine. Two encapsulation steps are used to protect the semiconductor and isolate elements to reduce leakage currents. The resulting photosensitive elements are tested, and shadows falling on a 4/spl times/3 diode connected active matrix array on a glass substrate are detected.
β-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits insulin-mediated glucose transport in mouse oxidative muscle (2010)

Blood ketone body levels increase during starvation and untreated diabetes. Here we tested the hypothesis that ketone bodies directly inhibit insulin action in skeletal muscle. We investigated the effect of d,l-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOH; the major ketone body in vivo) on insulin-mediated glucose uptake (2-deoxyglucose) in isolated mouse soleus (oxidative) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL; glycolytic) muscle. BOH inhibited insulin-mediated glucose uptake in soleus (but not in EDL) muscle in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Following 19.5 h of exposure to 5 mM BOH, insulin-mediated (20 mU/ml) glucose uptake was inhibited by approximately 90% (substantial inhibition was also observed in 3-O-methylglucose transport). The inhibitory effect of BOH was reproduced with d- but not l-BOH. BOH did not significantly affect hypoxia- or AICAR-mediated (activates AMP-dependent protein kinase) glucose uptake. The BOH effect did not require the presence/utilization of glucose since it was also seen when glucose in the medium was substituted with pyruvate. To determine whether the BOH effect was mediated by oxidative stress, an exogenous antioxidant (1 mM tempol) was used; however, tempol did not reverse the BOH effect on insulin action. BOH did not alter the levels of total tissue GLUT4 protein or insulin-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 but blocked insulin-mediated phosphorylation of protein kinase B by approximately 50%. These data demonstrate that BOH inhibits insulin-mediated glucose transport in oxidative muscle by inhibiting insulin signaling. Thus ketone bodies may be potent diabetogenic agents in vivo.
Customer-Base Analysis in a Discrete-Time Noncontractual Setting (2010)

Many businesses track repeat transactions on a discrete-time basis. These include (1) companies for whom transactions can only occur at fixed regular intervals, (2) firms that frequently associate transactions with specific events (e.g., a charity that records whether supporters respond to a particular appeal), and (3) organizations that choose to utilize discrete reporting periods even though the transactions can occur at any time. Furthermore, many of these businesses operate in a noncontractual setting, so they have a difficult time differentiating between those customers who have ended their relationship with the firm versus those who are in the midst of a long hiatus between transactions. We develop a model to predict future purchasing patterns for a customer base that can be described by these structural characteristics. Our beta-geometric/beta-Bernoulli (BG/BB) model captures both of the underlying behavioral processes (i.e., customers' purchasing while “alive” and time until each customer permanently “dies”). The model is easy to implement in a standard spreadsheet environment and yields relatively simple closed-form expressions for the expected number of future transactions conditional on past observed behavior (and other quantities of managerial interest). We apply this discrete-time analog of the well-known Pareto/NBD model to a data set on donations made by the supporters of a nonprofit organization located in the midwestern United States. Our analysis demonstrates the excellent ability of the BG/BB model to describe and predict the future behavior of a customer base.
Atmospheric Scattering - State of the Art (2020)

Atmospheric scattering is the natural phenomenon mainly responsible for the colours we observe in the sky. Over the years, several realistic computer graphics algorithms have been proposed in order to reproduce these colours. This state of the art is motivated by the large amount of scattered information, and by its great potential usage in a wide range of applications like flight simulators, video games and movies. This paper will cover the most important models and will present their evolution over the years. The first part contains a small introduction to the mechanics behind the light scattering phenomena. The second part will cover the earlier models, very much focused in the physical phenomenon. The third section will cover GPU based models, more focused on performance.
Wavelet-Based Joint Estimation and Encoding of Depth-Image-Based Representations for Free-Viewpoint Rendering (2008)

We propose a wavelet-based codec for the static depth-image-based representation, which allows viewers to freely choose the viewpoint. The proposed codec jointly estimates and encodes the unknown depth map from multiple views using a novel rate-distortion (RD) optimization scheme. The rate constraint reduces the ambiguity of depth estimation by favoring piecewise-smooth depth maps. The optimization is efficiently solved by a novel dynamic programming along trees of integer wavelet coefficients. The codec encodes the image and the depth map jointly to decrease their redundancy and to provide a RD-optimized bitrate allocation between the two. The codec also offers scalability both in resolution and in quality. Experiments on real data show the effectiveness of the proposed codec.
Transforming air quality management (2005)

Earlier this year, the Clean Air Act Advisory Committee submitted to EPA 38 recommendations intended to improve air quality management in the United States. This article summarizes the evaluation process leading up to the Committee's recommendations. 3 refs., 2 figs.
Application of artificial intelligence techniques to the study of machine signatures (2012)

This paper presents demonstration on the application of artificial intelligence techniques to the study of machine vibration signatures. First, a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is used to discover cluster information from frequency-domain vibration signatures for the detection and diagnosis of unbalanced rotor and bearing faults. In the next, with further feature extraction in frequency-domain, a 2-dimensional multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to predict these fault modes with an error rate of 1.48% over a wide machine operation speed.
Brief of Intervenor, Women’s Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF), M.v.H. (1999)

LEAF submits that the heterosexual definition of spouse ins. 29 of the Family Law Act R. S.O. 1990 c. F .3 completely denies lesbians who otherwise meet the tl:1reshoid criteria to apply for a support award. The effect of this denial violates lesbians' right to equal benefit and protection of the law contrary to s. 15(1) of the Charter, and cannot be justified under s.1 of the Charter.
AAV-mediated transfer of FKRP shows therapeutic efficacy in a murine model but requires control of gene expression (2017)

Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies type 2I (LGMD2I), a recessive autosomal muscular dystrophy, is caused by mutations in the Fukutin Related Protein (FKRP) gene. It has been proposed that FKRP, a ribitol-5-phosphate transferase, is a participant in α-dystroglycan (αDG) glycosylation, which is important to ensure the cell/matrix anchor of muscle fibers. A LGMD2I knock-in mouse model was generated to express the most frequent mutation (L276I) encountered in patients. The expression of FKRP was not altered neither at transcriptional nor at translational levels, but its function was impacted since abnormal glycosylation of αDG was observed. Skeletal muscles were functionally impaired from 2 months of age and a moderate dystrophic pattern was evident starting from 6 months of age. Gene transfer with a rAAV2/9 vector expressing Fkrp restored biochemical defects, corrected the histological abnormalities and improved the resistance to eccentric stress in the mouse model. However, injection of high doses of the vector induced a decrease of αDG glycosylation and laminin binding, even in WT animals. Finally, intravenous injection of the rAAV-Fkrp vector into a dystroglycanopathy mouse model due to Fukutin (Fktn) knock-out indicated a dose-dependent toxicity. These data suggest requirement for a control of FKRP expression in muscles.
4-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid in the N-linked carbohydrate structures of equine and guinea pig α2-macroglobulins, potent inhibitors of influenza virus infection (1989)

To investigate the molecular basis of the differential ability of human, equine, and guinea pig alpha 2-macroglobulins to inhibit hemagglutination and infectivity of a human influenza virus, A/Memphis/102/72 (H3N2), the structures of oligosaccharides released from the three glycoproteins by hydrazinolysis were analyzed comparatively. Approximately seven to eight sugar chains were released from each subunit of two potent inhibitors (equine and guinea pig alpha 2-macroglobulins) and a weak inhibitor (human alpha 2-macroglobulin). More than 70% of the oligosaccharides contained sialic acids in all three cases. Structural analysis of these sialo-oligosaccharides revealed that all of the three glycoproteins contain biantennary oligosaccharides with one and two sialic acids as major sugar chains (70-80% of total sugar chains). Four percent of the biantennary oligosaccharides from equine sample, 10% of those from guinea pig, and 24% of those from human contain a fucosylated trimannosyl core. No triantennary oligosaccharide was detected in equine alpha 2-macroglobulin. However, human and guinea pig alpha 2-macroglobulins contain both fucosylated and nonfucosylated triantennary oligosaccharides. All sialic acid residues occur as the Sia alpha 2----6Gal group. The one unique feature of the carbohydrate groups of equine and guinea pig alpha 2-macroglobulins was the presence of 4-O-Ac-Neu5Ac as 30-50% of the total sialic acids, while human alpha 2-macroglobulin contained only Neu 5Ac. However, 4-O-Ac-Neu5Ac is not responsible for the potent inhibition of influenza virus infection and hemagglutination as will be described in the accompanying paper.
Effect of carbon dioxide on heat production of frog skeletal muscles. (1988)

1. Maintenance heat produced in tetani of frogs' sartorius muscles (Rana japonica) was measured under various values of intracellular pH (pHi) brought about by increasing the CO2 concentration in Ringer solution. The pHi values were measured using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance from the chemical shifts of the inorganic phosphate resonance. The pHi was 7.10 +/- 0.009 (mean +/- S.E. of the mean, n = 10) in the gas mixture of 5% CO2/95% O2 at 4 degrees C and it was reduced to 6.44 +/- 0.001 (n = 23) in 45% CO2. 2. As CO2 was increased, the maximum force was decreased and relaxation was prolonged. This is in accordance with the results of Edman & Mattiazzi (1981) and Curtin (1986). 3. An increase in CO2 induced a reduction of the maintenance heat production, which can be divided into stable and labile heats (Aubert, 1956). The stable heat, which is produced with a steady rate during contraction, was decreased as CO2 was increased. The labile heat, which is produced with an exponentially declining rate, was not significantly altered by increasing CO2 within the range studied. 4. The effect of previous contractile activity on the labile heat production, i.e. the time course of repriming of the labile heat, could be described by an equation with two exponential terms in 5% CO2 in accordance with the result of Peckham & Woledge (1986). The time course of repriming of the labile heat was not affected by increasing CO2 to 20%.
Structural basis for the design of potent and species-specific inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthases (2006)

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase (HMGS) catalyzes the first committed step in the mevalonate metabolic pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis and serves as an alternative target for cholesterol-lowering and antibiotic drugs. We have determined a previously undescribed crystal structure of a eukaryotic HMGS bound covalently to a potent and specific inhibitor F-244 [(E,E)-11-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxo-2-oxytanyl]-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4-undecadienenoic acid]. Given the accessibility of synthetic analogs of the F-244 natural product, this inhibited eukaryotic HMGS structure serves as a necessary starting point for structure-based methods that may improve the potency and species-specific selectivity of the next generation of F-244 analogs designed to target particular eukaryotic and prokaryotic HMGS.
Preparation and <i>in vivo</i> characterization of a cocaine hydrolase engineered from human butyrylcholinesterase for metabolizing cocaine (2013)

Cocaine is a widely abused drug without an FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved medication. It has been recognized that an ideal anti-cocaine medication would accelerate cocaine metabolism producing biologically inactive metabolites via a route similar to the primary cocaine-metabolizing pathway, i.e. human BChE (butyrylcholinesterase)-catalysed hydrolysis. However, the native human BChE has a low catalytic activity against cocaine. We recently designed and discovered a BChE mutant (A199S/F227A/S287G/A328W/Y332G) with a high catalytic activity (kcat=5700 min-1, Km=3.1 μM) specifically for cocaine, and the mutant was proven effective in protecting mice from acute cocaine toxicity of a lethal dose of cocaine (180 mg/kg of body weight, LD100). Further characterization in animal models requires establishment of a high-efficiency stable cell line for the BChE mutant production at a relatively larger scale. It has been extremely challenging to develop a high-efficiency stable cell line expressing BChE or its mutant. In the present study, we successfully developed a stable cell line efficiently expressing the BChE mutant by using a lentivirus-based repeated-transduction method. The scaled-up protein production enabled us to determine for the first time the in vivo catalytic activity and the biological half-life of this high-activity mutant of human BChE in accelerating cocaine clearance. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the BChE mutant (administered to mice 1 min prior to cocaine) can quickly metabolize cocaine and completely eliminate cocaine-induced hyperactivity in rodents, implying that the BChE mutant may be developed as a promising therapeutic agent for cocaine abuse treatment.