gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Hybrid Resistive-Capacitive Electrodes for Electroencephalograms and Electrooculograms (2013)

Bioelectrical signals such as electrooculograms (EOGs) and electroencephalograms (EEGs) have many medical applications. Wet electrodes are used widely to acquire these signals; however, their use has several limitations. Other researchers have proposed dry contact electrodes, but they do not solve all of the problems associated with wet electrodes; on the other hand noncontact capacitive coupling electrodes have poor noise performance and are large and complex. In this paper, we present a hybrid electrode that is capable of both capacitive and resistive recordings at lower noise levels, with a smaller hardware footprint. The sensor was designed by optimizing the sensor input impedance value using a new electrode equivalent circuit that contained noise sources. Experiments were performed to investigate the frequency response, noise spectrum, motion artifacts, standard alpha and beta EEG signals, and eyelid and eyeball EOG measurements. We verified that our electrodes are capable of bioelectrical measurements at noise levels comparable to wet electrodes.
Isolation and Characterization of Hypothalamic Growth-Hormone Releasing Factor from Common Carp, <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> (1992)

A growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF)-like peptide was isolated from the hypothalamus of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, by acid extraction, gel filtration chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography using antiserum directed against rat GRF, and multiple steps of HPLC using octadecyl columns. Based on Edman degradation and peptide mapping, this teleost GRF was established to be a 45-residue peptide with the following primary structure: His-Ala-Asp-Gly-Met-Phe-Asn-Lys-Ala-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Ala-Leu-Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser- Ala-Arg - Lys-Tyr-Leu-His-Thr-Leu-Met-Ala-Lys-Arg-Val-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser-Met-Ile-Glu- Asp-Asp-Asn-Glu-Pro-Leu-Ser. Carp GRF is closely related structurally to peptides of the glucagon-secretin superfamily, and more particularly to mammalian vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) precursors and the N-terminal portion of mammalian GRFs. A synthetic replicate of this peptide is highly potent [50% effective dose (ED50) approximately 0.08 nM] in stimulating GH release from cultured goldfish pituitary glands and in elevating serum GH levels 30 min after injection (0.1 micrograms/g) in goldfish.
A placebo‐controlled phase I/II study of adefovir dipivoxil in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (1999)

Adefovir dipivoxil (bis-POM PMEA) is an adenine nucleotide analogue with activity against retroviruses and herpesviruses, and in vitro activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). This study was conducted to evaluate its safety and antiviral activity in patients with chronic HBV infection. Twenty patients (13 co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus, HIV) were randomized in a phase I/II, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients who had been hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)/hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive for > or = 6 months, with elevated hepatic transaminases and serum HBV DNA > or = 50 pg ml-1, were randomized to adefovir dipivoxil 125 mg (n = 15) or placebo (n = 5) as a single, daily, oral dose for 28 days. Antiviral activity was assessed by changes in serum HBV DNA (using the Digene Hybrid Capture assay) and HBeAg/hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb) status. HBV DNA levels fell rapidly by > 1 log10 in all active drug recipients (median fall 1.8 log10 pg ml-1) but increased by 0.01 log10 pg ml-1 in controls (P = 0.002). Reductions were sustained during treatment. HBV DNA returned to baseline over 1-6 weeks following discontinuation of active drug. HBeAg became transiently undetectable in one patient on treatment and, in another, sustained seroconversion to HBeAb occurred 12 weeks after treatment ended. Liver transaminase elevations > 300 U l-1 were observed in three patients during therapy (leading to protocol-specified treatment discontinuation or dose reduction) and in four patients during follow-up. On-treatment transaminase elevations were associated with HIV status, occurring in three of six HIV-uninfected patients compared with none of nine who were HIV infected. In addition, a slower return to baseline of serum HBV DNA levels was observed in the non-HIV-infected patients. Treatment for chronic hepatitis B as a once-daily oral dose was well tolerated and associated with significant and sustained reductions in serum HBV DNA levels during treatment. Transaminase elevations, which may be related to the therapeutic effect, were observed during and after treatment. Further studies are warranted to investigate the safety, and optimum dose and duration, of adefovir dipivoxil treatment for chronic hepatitis B.
Enhancement of pressure-free bonding with Cu particles by the addition of Cu–Ni alloy nanoparticles (2014)

Cu–Ni alloy nanoparticles (∼20 nm) were synthesized with precise control over the resulting Cu and Ni proportions. Nanoparticles composed of 29 wt% Cu and 71 wt% Ni exhibited significant resistance to surface oxidation and were readily sintered, suggesting that they could serve as bonding materials. The adhesive strength of Cu plates bonded by Cu particles of 150–200 nm in size was enhanced by adding these Cu–Ni alloy nanoparticles to the larger Cu particles. This is the first example of the use of base metal nanoparticles at a low-temperature (250 °C) under pressure-free conditions to achieve bonding strengths equivalent to those obtained when applying the standard Pb-free solder (Sn–Ag–Cu). Furthermore, a sintered Cu film with good electric conductivity was obtained using the mixture of Cu–Ni nanoparticles and Cu particles. The enhanced properties of these bonded layers were due to the formation of a densely sintered layer resulting from the addition of the Cu–Ni alloy nanoparticles to the Cu paste. This method could potentially have applications in the electrical packaging industry, since it represents a simple, economical process that results in highly conductive bonds.
New Tapered-Rod Forming Process for Coil Springs (1984)

新テーパロッド加工法を開発し, プロトタイプマシンによる製造実験を行った。 本方式では, 金属材料の変形抵抗が温度および歪速度に依存することが加工原理となっている。 すなわち, 軸方向に温度分布をもたせた棒材を急速に引張ることにより, 各部分に温度に応じた伸びを生じさせ, 希望するテーパを形成せしめる方法である。 この加工法は, 高い寸法精度を与え, ほぼ100%に近い歩留りで, 生産速度が高く (1本当り20-25秒) かつ省エネルギーといったようないくつかの工業的に重要な要求を満たすものである。新加工法によって製造したテーパロッドについて, まず加工部分の特性を調査し, 次に最終製品としてのテーパコイルばねの特性についても調べた。 その結果1) 熱処理後の引張特性と疲れ強さは加工によって影響されない。2) 新加工法によるテーパロッドと従来の切削法によるテーパロッドから作られたコイルばねを比較した結果, 両者は同程度のばね特性, 疲れ寿命, へたり特性を有する。
Frequency tuning of the whispering-gallery modes of silica microspheres for cavity quantum electrodynamics and spectroscopy (2001)

We have tuned the whispering-gallery modes of a fused-silica microresonator over nearly 1 nm at 800 nm, i.e., over half a free spectral range, or 10(6) linewidths of the resonator. This result has been achieved by use of a new method based on the stretching of a two-stem microsphere. We describe devices that will permit new cavity QED experiments with this high- Q optical resonator when it is desirable to optimize its coupling to emitters with given transition frequencies. The demonstrated tuning capability is compatible with both UHV and low-temperature operation, which should be useful for future experiments with laser-cooled atoms or single quantum dots.
Three‐Stage wiped‐film molecular evaporator: Design and application (1995)

Abstract This paper describes the design principles of multistage molecular evaporators with a wiped film which are used for gentle distillation of low‐volatility blends of thermolabile materials. The conditions of distillation in an evaporator with a convex evaporation surface are discussed, along with problems relating to the function of the segmented wiper in the formation of the retarded liquid film and the functional principles of closing elements in a multistage evaporator with a single evaporating cylinder and of the built‐in entrainment separator in the distillation space, which is designed to retain splashing spray. A TMO 65 three‐stage molecular evaporator is described, with an evaporating cylinder having a diameter of 65 mm and a total evaporating area of 0.19 m 2 . This pilot‐plant evaporator can be used in the small‐capacity production of specialty chemicals or in technological research as a verification unit for establishing data necessary for the operation of large evaporators. These possible applications are documented by the results obtained on fractionation of various important materials. Fractional distillation of crude monoacylglycerols (M) containing 35 to 55% M afforded concentrates containing over 90% M, at yields of 78 – 95% M in the product fraction. Fractionation of oligomers of higher α‐olefins gave distillate cuts with high contents of the respective n‐mer, suitable for use as synthetic lubricating oils. Fractionation of polyalkylaromatic residue from the production of monoalkylbenzenes produced a distillate fraction with excellent electrical insulation properties. Finally, purification of technical diane‐bis‐glycidyl ether yielded over 75% of a product fraction which was found suitable for production of insulating material for electrical equipment operating at voltages of 6 to 15 kV.
Molecular cloning of the secretory acid proteinase gene from Candida albicans and its use as a species-specific probe (1991)

Candida albicans secretes an acid proteinase when grown with a protein as a sole nitrogen source. The gene encoding this proteinase was isolated from a genomic expression library of C. albicans constructed in lambda gt11 by screening with antiproteinase antibodies. The affinity-purified antibodies used to verify the clones are monspecific; these do not cross-react with any other protein in the culture supernatants or crude extracts of C. albicans but strongly react with fusion proteins encoded by recombinant clones, revealing that these are true proteinase clones. Genomic Southern blot analysis shows that the proteinase gene is present at a unique locus and that there is no other closely related gene in the C. albicans genome. The proteinase gene probe identified two transcripts on Northern blots (RNA blots), which are present at a much higher level in C. albicans cells induced for proteinase secretion than in uninduced cells. The aspartyl proteinase gene reported earlier (T.J. Lott, L.S. Page, P. Boiron, J. Benson, and E. Reiss, Nucleic Acids Res. 17:1779, 1989) is not that of secretory acid proteinase, since the N-terminal amino acid sequence of secretory acid proteinase does not correspond to the deduced amino acid sequence of the aspartyl proteinase gene. The secretory acid proteinase gene was used to probe Southern blots of genomic DNA of several medically important Candida species and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Under hybridization and wash conditions of low stringency, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis, in addition to C. albicans strains, gave specific signals, implying that C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis have homologous secretory acid proteinase genes. However, under under wash conditions of high stringency, signals were obtained only with C. albicans strains, suggesting that this gene can be used as a species-specific probe. A simple yeast colony hybridization technique is sufficient to distinguish C. albicans from other yeasts.
Phosphorus-Based Polymers (2014)

Phosphorus-containing (co)polymers are gaining wide appeal for many uses, from healthcare and medicine to energy and environmental applications. Phosphorus-Based Polymers is the first book dedicated to this topic and provides a comprehensive overview of the different polymers and their uses.The first part of the book covers the synthesis and polymerisation of different phosphorus containing systems including phosphorus containing (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide and viny or allyl monomers,  as well as vinyl phosphonic acid, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, poly(phosphoesters)and polyphosphazenes. The second part of the book contains specific chapters detailing different applications such as biomedical applications in dental materials, tissue engineering and drug delivery, metal complexation for anti-corrosion and wastewater purification materials, fire retardant additives and fuel cell membranes.Written by expert researchers in the chemistry of phosphorus-containing polymers, this book is suitable for academic and industrial researchers interested in polymer and materials synthesis as well as their applications.
New Observations on Superlinear Luminescence*,† (1949)

In earlier papers it was shown that a group of phosphors show an approximately linear increase of their efficiency with increasing intensity of excitation in certain ranges of that intensity. Tentatively, these observations and the interdependence of the effects of intensity, temperature, and “poisoning” found in the same phosphors were interpreted by the assumption that a non-radiative process of first-order kinetics competes with an emission process of the second order. This type of hypothesis, however, does not easily account for more than linear dependences of efficiency on intensity. Indications of such dependences had been found in our earlier work. In view of the possible theoretical significance of these results, a number of measures were taken to eliminate possible sources of errors. New measurements were carried out on a suitable series of poisoned zinc-cadmium sulfide phosphors. The existence of regions in which the intensity dependence of efficiency was even stronger than quadratic was ascertained. Furthermore,a remarkably strong dependence of the efficiency on the carefully controlled concentrations of the poison was found. The problems raised by these effects are briefly discussed.
Chain-breaking antioxidant activity of reduced forms ofmitochondria-targeted quinones, a novel type of geroprotectors (2009)

The chain-breaking antioxidant activities of reduced form of novel type of geroprotectors, mitochondria-targeted quinones (QH(2)) have quantitatively been measured for the first time. To this end, the chain peroxidation of methyl linoleate (ML) in Triton micelles was used as a kinetic testing model. The studied QH(2) were lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cations conjugated by an aliphatic linker to an antioxidant, i.e. a ubiquinol moiety (MitoQH(2)) or plastoquinol moiety (SkQH(2)). The antioxidant activity was characterized by the rate constant k(1) for the reaction between QH(2) and the lipid peroxyl radical (LO(2) (.)) originated from ML: QH(2) + LO(2) (.) --> HQ(.) + LOOH. All the tested QH(2) displayed a pronounced antioxidant activity. The oxidized forms of the same compounds did not inhibit ML peroxidation. The value of k(1) for SkQH(2) far exceeded k(1) for MitoQH(2). For the biologically active geroprotectors SkQ1H(2), the k(1) value found to be as high as 2.2 x 10(5) M(-) (1)s(-) (1), whereas for MitoQH(2), it was 0.58 x 10(5) M(-) (1)s(-) (1). The kinetic behavior of QH(2) suggested that SkQ1H(2) can rather easily diffuse through lipid-water microheterogeneous systems.
Partial and integral enthalpies of mixing of Cu-Fe-Ti melts at 1873 K (2009)

The partial enthalpy of mixing of titanium in Cu-Fe-Ti melts are studied by high-temperature isoperibolic calorimetry at 1873 K in the composition range x Ti = 0–0.6 along three sections with a ratio x Fe / x Cu = 1/3, 1, and 3. The integral enthalpy of mixing of the ternary melts is calculated by integrating the Gibbs-Duhem equation and is described in terms of the Redlich-Kister-Muggianu model. Function ΔH demonstrates negative values over a wide concentration range. The contribution of a ternary interaction to the enthalpy of mixing of Cu-Fe-Ti melts is mainly positive. The first partial enthalpies of mixing of Al, Sn, Si, Y, Zr, Hf, and Ni with Cu-Fe-Ti melts are negative and indicate an increase of the thermodynamic stability of the liquid phase upon the dissolution of these additions.
Compositional Variations within a Hydrocarbon Column due to Gravity (1980)

ABSTRACT Gravity forces may generate and stabilise variations in composition along the hydrocarbon column in thick reservoirs. From the condition of thermodynamic equilibrium in a hydrocarbon column in the field of gravity one may determine with an equation of state the variations in composition with depth. The developed calculational procedure uses the Soave and Peng-Robinson equation of state. Results are shown for various hydrocarbon systems. Aromatics content, overall pressure and the introduction of binary interaction coefficients in the equation of state are seen to have strong influence on the predictions of gravity segregation. Observed compositional variations and corresponding variations in bubble points/dew points as well as the occurrence of natural miscibility between cap gas and reservoir oil can be explained.
Ropinirole 24-hour prolonged release (2007)

Ropinirole 24-hour was effective and well tolerated as adjunct therapy in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) not optimally controlled with levodopa. Ropinirole 24-hour demonstrated an improvement in both motor and non-motor PD symptoms, while permitting a reduction in adjunctive levodopa dose.
Investigation of the polynomial approach for material decomposition in spectral X-ray tomography using an energy-resolved detector (2014)

Recent advances in the domain of energy-resolved semiconductor detectors stimulate research in X-ray computed tomography (CT). However, the imperfections of these detectors induce errors that should be considered for further applications. Charge sharing and pile-up effects due to high photon fluxes can degrade image quality or yield wrong material identification. Basis component decomposition provides separate images of principal components, based on the energy related information acquired in each energy bin. The object is typically either decomposed in photoelectric and Compton physical effects or in basis materials functions. This work presents a simulation study taking into account the properties of an energy-resolved CdTe detector with flexible energy thresholds in the context of materials decomposition CT. We consider the effects of a first order pile-up model with triangular pulses of a non-paralyzable detector and a realistic response matrix. We address the problem of quantifying mineral content in bone based on a polynomial approach for material decomposition in the case of two and three energy bins. The basis component line integrals are parameterized directly in the projection domain and a conventional filtered back-projection reconstruction is performed to obtain the material component images. We use figures of merit such as noise and bias to select the optimal thresholds and quantify the mineral content in bone. The results obtained with an energy resolved detector for two and three energy bins are compared with the ones obtained for the dual-kVp technique using an integrating-mode detector with filters and voltages optimized for bone densitometry.
Extracellular matrix regulation of fibroblast function: redefining our perspective on skin aging (2018)

The dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) comprises the bulk of skin and confers strength and resiliency. In young skin, fibroblasts produce and adhere to the dermal ECM, which is composed primarily of type I collagen fibrils. Adherence allows fibroblasts to spread and exert mechanical force on the surrounding ECM. In this state, fibroblasts display a "youthful" phenotype characterized by maintenance of the composition and structural organization of the dermal ECM. During aging, fibroblast-ECM interactions become disrupted due to fragmentation of collagen fibrils. This disruption causes loss of fibroblast spreading and mechanical force, which inextricably lead to an "aged" phenotype; fibroblasts synthesize less ECM proteins and more matrix-degrading metalloproteinases. This imbalance of ECM homeostasis further drives collagen fibril fragmentation in a self-perpetuating cycle. This article summarizes age-related changes in the dermal ECM and the mechanisms by which these changes alter the interplay between fibroblasts and their extracellular matrix microenvironment that drive the aging process in human skin.
Serial demodulation of an OQPSK direct sequence spread signal (2003)

A general equation is derived for modulation waveforms which can be serially demodulated. This equation is used to define the modulation structure for SOQPSK (serial offset quadrature phase shift keying). Coherent serial demodulation is shown to perform with the same BER (bit error rate) peeeance as a parallel demodulator for the condition of optimum correlation detection. Serial noncoherent detection is shown to provide intersymbol interference which increases the false correlation level if the spreading codes are not chosen properly. A computer simulation was developed which allowed the performance of coherent and noncoherent SOQPSK detection to be studied. The simulation results verified the analytical calculations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metagenomic Analysis of Fever, Thrombocytopenia and Leukopenia Syndrome (FTLS) in Henan Province, China: Discovery of a New Bunyavirus (2011)

Since 2007, many cases of fever, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome (FTLS) have emerged in Henan Province, China. Patient reports of tick bites suggested that infection could contribute to FTLS. Many tick-transmitted microbial pathogens were tested for by PCR/RT-PCR and/or indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). However, only 8% (24/285) of samples collected from 2007 to 2010 tested positive for human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), suggesting that other pathogens could be involved. Here, we used an unbiased metagenomic approach to screen and survey for microbes possibly associated with FTLS. BLASTx analysis of deduced protein sequences revealed that a novel bunyavirus (36% identity to Tehran virus, accession: HQ412604) was present only in sera from FTLS patients. A phylogenetic analysis further showed that, although closely related to Uukuniemi virus of the Phlebovirus genus, this virus was distinct. The candidate virus was examined for association with FTLS among samples collected from Henan province during 2007-2010. RT-PCR, viral cultures, and a seroepidemiologic survey were undertaken. RT-PCR results showed that 223 of 285 (78.24%) acute-phase serum samples contained viral RNA. Of 95 patients for whom paired acute and convalescent sera were available, 73 had serologic evidence of infection, with 52 seroconversions and 21 exhibiting a 4-fold increase in antibody titer to the virus. The new virus was isolated from patient acute-phase serum samples and named Henan Fever Virus (HNF virus). Whole-genome sequencing confirmed that the virus was a novel bunyavirus with genetic similarity to known bunyaviruses, and was most closely related to the Uukuniemi virus (34%, 24%, and 29% of maximum identity, respectively, for segment L, M, S at maximum query coverage). After the release of the GenBank sequences of SFTSV, we found that they were nearly identical (>99% identity). These results show that the novel bunyavirus (HNF virus) is strongly correlated with FTLS.
The Hydride Anion in an Extended Transition Metal Oxide Array: LaSrCoO <sub>3</sub> H <sub>0.7</sub> (2002)

We present the synthesis and structural characterization of a transition metal oxide hydride, LaSrCoO3H0.7, which adopts an unprecedented structure in which oxide chains are bridged by hydride anions to form a two-dimensional extended network. The metal centers are strongly coupled by their bonding with both oxide and hydride ligands to produce magnetic ordering at temperatures up to at least 350 kelvin. The synthetic route is sufficiently general to allow the prediction of a new class of transition metal--containing electronic and magnetic materials.