gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secure communication with chaotic systems of difference equations (1997)

The paper presents chaotic systems of difference equations that can effectively encrypt information. Two classes of systems are presented: The first one (Class 1) is optimized for secure communications over reliable channels, while the second (Class 2) tolerates transmission noise at the expense of reduced parameter space size. The nonlinearity of these systems is achieved by designing proper piecewise linear functions and by using module operations. The utilization of additional nonlinear terms can improve the enciphering efficiency. The encrypting performance of the algorithms is evaluated analytically and by simulation experiments. Also, the case of an imperfect transmission channel that inserts noise in the transmitted signal is addressed and the design is modified in order to offer reliable secure transmission over channels with very small signal to noise ratios.
The Nikon C1si combines high spectral resolution, high sensitivity, and high acquisition speed (2006)

Spectral imaging is a natural extension of the capabilities of confocal microscopes. The first confocal spectral imaging (CSI) instruments were able to acquire spectral data that allowed the emissions of overlapping fluorescent probes to be assigned to data channels representing a spectrum rather than a range of emission wavelengths. This marked a significant improvement over what could be done by channel series with standard confocal microscopes. However the performance of these earlier designs can fall short in one or more of the following areas; sensitivity, spectral resolution and reproducibility, acquisition speed, and unmixing accuracy. Nikon has recently introduced a new CSI instrument, C1si, that overcomes some of the more serious performance deficiencies of earlier designs through unique optical, electronic, and data handling advances. C1si uses a multianode photomultiplier tube (PMT) as the detector and typically acquires spectral data in a single scan. Sensitivity is enhanced over designs diffracting randomly polarized fluorescence by rotating the polarization of all emission photons to the S-plane, the plane for which the diffraction grating is most efficient. Three diffraction gratings are provided supporting wavelength sampling increments of 2.5, 5, and 10 nm. Improvements have been made in the digitization process to increase detection efficiency as well. C1si is calibrated to a high enough standard that it is possible to share and reproduce data between instruments. The algorithm implemented in the EZ-C1 software is able to accurately and repeatedly unmix fluorescent probes with emission peaks separated by as little as 5 nm. It is possible to unmix probes with emission peaks separated by 20 nm with a 10-1 brightness difference. Three probes can be unmixed with emission peaks contained within a 20 nm range. Acquisition is fast enough and the sensitivity is sufficient for C1si to acquire more than 100 frames of spectral time series data without serious photobleaching.
What about the library? (1975)

What about the library? Travellers' comments on the Leiden Library in the 17th and 18th centuries They form a long line, those '7th- and 18th-century travellers who visited Leiden, committed some of their impressions to paper, and in the course of doing so made mention of the Library. There were ambassadors, passing through with their retinue; young men doing the grand tour, often accompanied by a tutor; promising young scholars on their way round the world, many of them with a special interest in libraries; persons who were not so much interested in giving an account of their travels as
Effect of diabetes and hypothyroidism on the predominance of cardiac myosin heavy chains synthesized in vivo or in a cell-free system. (1984)

Rat cardiac ventricular myosins and RNA were prepared from normal, diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic, hypothyroid, and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine-treated hypothyroid rats. Myosin heavy chains isolated from purified myosin or synthesized in vitro from cardiac RNAs were subjected to partial protease digestion during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was found that peptide maps obtained from cardiac myosin heavy chains of hypothyroid and diabetic rats were identical but differed from the maps of myosin heavy chain from control and hormone-treated animals. The same results were obtained, whether the heavy chains were isolated from purified myosin synthesized in the intact heart or from translation products coded for by cardiac RNAs added to the modified reticulocyte lysate. These results indicate that the myosin heavy chain RNA species present in the hypothyroid heart is also expressed during insulin deficiency but differs from the species expressed in normal animals. The expression of the two myosin heavy chain RNA species found in the rat cardiac ventricle appears to be independently regulated by these two hormones.
Outputs of a Moving Window Cross Correlator When the Input is a Phase-Reversed Code (1967)

Figure 1 shows the cross correlation ø <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> (τ) of the plus code in the moving window with a plus code followed by a plus code. Figure 2 shows the cross correlation ø <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pn</sub> (τ) of the code in the window with a plus code followed by a minus code. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> The displacement variable τ is quantized into bit lengths. The point τ = 0 is where the pluss code in the Window completely overlaps the first plus code, and the point τ = 52 is where the plus code in the window completely overlaps the code which follows the first code. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> (This code is a plus code in the case illustrated in Fig. 1 and a minus code in the case illustrated in Fig. 2.)
Seizure classification in dogs from a nonreferral-based population (1995)

On initial evaluation for onset of seizure disorders at nonreferral veterinary practices, 50 previously healthy dogs were enrolled in a study to determine the probability of identifying a specific cause for the seizures. Treatment was not administered prior to entry of dogs in the study. On the basis of antemortem and postmortem test results, 22 dogs (44%) were classified as having primary epileptic seizures (PES; idiopathic or without identifiable cause), 23 (46%) had secondary epileptic seizures (SES; identifiable intracranial cause), and 5 (10%) had reactive epileptic seizures (RES; metabolic or transient noxious cause). Forty-one dogs (82%) had 2 or more seizures before evaluation, with 37 (90%) of these dogs classified as having epilepsy on the basis of an underlying chronic brain disorder. For these 41 dogs, 17 (41%) had PES, 20 (49%) had SES, and 4 (10%) had RES. Among the 9 dogs (18%) with nonrecurring seizures, 5 had PES, 3 had SES, and 1 had RES. Generalized seizures were the most common first-observed seizure type associated with all etiologic classifications in all dogs with recurring and nonrecurring seizures. Diagnosis of SES was statistically more probable when the dog was less than 1 or more than 7 years old at the first seizure, when the first seizure was a partial seizure, or when the first seizure occurred between midnight and 8 AM. A diagnosis of RES was statistically more probable only when the interval between the first and second seizure was brief (< or = 4 weeks).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Examples of Protecting Content Using JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) (2015)

This document contains a set of examples using JSON Object Signing and
Encryption (JOSE) technology to protect data. These examples present a
representative sampling of JSON Web Key (JWK) objects as well as
various JSON Web Signature (JWS) and JSON Web Encryption (JWE) results
given similar inputs.
Djokovic Micro-Moments (2012)

(2012). Djokovic Micro-Moments. Construction Research and Innovation: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 8-8.
An Approach for Train Stop Planning With Variable Train Length and Stop Time of High-Speed Rail Under Stochastic Demand (2019)

This paper studied the train stop planning problem with variable train length and stop time under stochastic demand (TSPPWVTLSTSD). As we know, stop time and train length were often considered in a fixed manner in train stop planning for high-speed rail (HSR). One obvious disadvantage was that it often resulted in insufficient time for passengers to get on or get off a train. In addition, fixed train length may cause a waste of train capacity. And travel demand was usually assumed to be deterministic, although travel demand usually was stochastic. In this paper, we presented an optimization model that simultaneously optimized the stop-schedule, the stop time schedule and the train length schedule for each train trip under stochastic demand. By formulating deterministic equivalents to the chance constraints, we obtained a deterministic mixed integer model. To solve the problem, a novel column generation-based heuristic solution technique based on Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition principle and column generation procedure was proposed. Some numerical experiments and a case study based on real-world data were used to demonstrate that the proposed solution method can yield a service plan within a reasonable time compared with ILOG Cplex. Besides, the variable train length and stop time model needed fewer carriages and also gave rise to less total time loss compared with the fixed scenario.
Structural analysis reveals TLR7 dynamics underlying antagonism (2020)

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) recognizes both microbial and endogenous RNAs and nucleosides. Aberrant activation of TLR7 has been implicated in several autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, by modifying potent TLR7 agonists, we develop a series of TLR7-specific antagonists as promising therapeutic agents for SLE. These compounds protect mice against lethal autoimmunity. Combining crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, we identify the open conformation of the receptor and reveal the structural equilibrium between open and closed conformations that underlies TLR7 antagonism, as well as the detailed mechanism by which TLR7-specific antagonists bind to their binding pocket in TLR7. Our work provides small-molecule TLR7-specific antagonists and suggests the TLR7-targeting strategy for treating autoimmune diseases.
Ordered structures in Fe3O4 kerosene-based ferrofluids (1997)

The patterns of kerosene-based ferrofluid films in applied parallel and perpendicular magnetic fields were studied. The time dependence of quasiperiodic chains in a parallel magnetic field, the perfect hexagonal crystal structure in a weaker perpendicular field, and the labyrinthine pattern in a stronger perpendicular field were observed. The Fe3O4 kerosene-based ferrofluids that we used in this study were synthesized by the coprecipitation method. As the parallel external magnetic field was applied to a ferrofluid film, the ordered quasiperiodic chains were obtained. On the other hand, the initial nonequilibrium disordered quantum columns were formed in an applied perpendicular magnetic field, and an equilibrium hexagonal structure with columns occupying its vortices was formed after two hours. The distance between these columns decreases as the strength of the applied magnetic field increases, and hence, the patterns change gradually from the hexagonal structure to a labyrinthine pattern with the strength of the perpendicular field above a critical value. Thus, a phase transition exists in the ferrofluid film system as the field strength increases.
An Intelligent Controller for Collaborative Unmanned Air Vehicles (2007)

This paper describes an implementation of an autonomous intelligent controller (IC) architecture for collaborative control of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Collaborative capabilities include formation flying, search of an area, and cooperative investigation of a target. The IC provides capabilities for sensor data fusion, internal representation of the real-world, and autonomous decision making based on the IC's world model and mission goals. Results of flight tests demonstrating these capabilities are presented. Future work, such as integration of different sensors and collaboration with heterogeneous vehicles, is discussed.
Preparation of Hybrid Microgels Functionalized by Silver Nanoparticles (2006)

Abstract Summary: Hybrid microgels functionalized with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been prepared and their physico‐chemical properties examined. Composite particles have been obtained by formation of AgNP in presence of poly[vinylcaprolactam‐ co ‐(acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate)] (VCL/AAEM) microgel particles. It has been demonstrated that hybrid particles with different AgNP amounts can be prepared. Hybrid particles are sensitive to temperature and swelling, and collapse processes are reversible. Incorporation of AgNP leads to shrinkage of microgel template due to the partial immobilization of polymer chains on the microgel surface. As a consequence, gradual loss of temperature sensitivity is observed. Hybrid microgels form highly transparent well‐organized films on solid substrates, providing homogeneous distribution of AgNP in bulk material. Presence of AgNP increases considerably the thermal stability of composite films. Schematic representation (left) and TEM image (right) of hybrid microgels containing silver nanoparticles (AgNP). magnified image Schematic representation (left) and TEM image (right) of hybrid microgels containing silver nanoparticles (AgNP).
Efficient Character-level Document Classification by Combining Convolution and Recurrent Layers (2016)

Document classification tasks were primarily tackled at word level. Recent research that works with character-level inputs shows several benefits over word-level approaches such as natural incorporation of morphemes and better handling of rare words. We propose a neural network architecture that utilizes both convolution and recurrent layers to efficiently encode character inputs. We validate the proposed model on eight large scale document classification tasks and compare with character-level convolution-only models. It achieves comparable performances with much less parameters.
Piezoelectric Detector for Low-Pressure Shock Waves (1958)

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Identification of Receptors for Prothymosin α on Human Lymphocytes (2001)

Prothymosin alpha (ProTalpha) is a highly conserved and widely distributed protein whose physiological functions remain elusive. In previous work we identified high and low affinity-binding sites for ProTalpha in lymphoid cells. Here we demonstrate, by affinity cross-linking and affinity chromatography, the existence of three binding partners (31, 29, and 19 kDa) for ProTalpha in the membrane of PHA-activated lymphoblasts. These surface molecules possess the expected affinity and specificity for a ProTalpha receptor. Examination of the expression of this complex of molecules by flow cytometry reveals that they bind ProTalpha in a specific and saturable way. In addition, the distribution of the receptor on the cell surface was studied by fluorescence microscopy; a cap-like structure at one of the poles of the cells was identified. These results represent a new and promising approach in the research on ProTalpha, opening the way toward the understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of this protein.
A high-efficiency linear power amplifier for 28GHz mobile communications in 40nm CMOS (2017)

This paper presents a high-efficiency, linear power amplifier (PA) for 28GHz mobile communications in 40nm CMOS technology. The design and layout are optimized for high linearity while maintaining high gain and output power. A capacitance neutralized differential pair with source degeneration inductor for linearity enhancement is discussed. The inductive degeneration technique greatly increases the optimal load impedance, which enables a low loss parallel power combining. The complete PA achieves a measured saturated output power of 18.1dBm with 41.5% power-added efficiency (PAE). With 6 Gb/s QAM-64 signals, the proposed PA achieves an average output power of 8.4dBm and 8.8% PAE, with -25 dBc EVM. All measurements are performed with a fixed bias condition.
Plasmids coding for heat-labile enterotoxin production isolated from Escherichia coli O78: comparison of properties (1980)

Nineteen enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains of serogroup O78, isolated in different geographical areas from humans with diarrheal diseases, were tested for their ability to transfer enterotoxin production. All of the strains originally produced heat-labile enterotoxin, and 16 also produced heat-stable enterotoxin and colonization factor antigen I. Plasmids coding for the production of heat-labile enterotoxin only were transferred from 13 strains. Some properties of these plasmids were compared. All were fi+, but they could be divided into three groups on the basis of their incompatibility reactions, ability to restrict E. coli K-12 phages, and size. The three heat-labile enterotoxin plasmids isolated from African strains all belonged to one enterotoxin plasmid group. The heat-labile enterotoxin plasmids from the Asian strains were divided into two groups, those from serotype O78.H11 differing from those from serotype O78.H12.
Removal and recovery of metal ions from aqueous streams with polymer pendant ligands (1994)

The use of polymer pendant ligands, organic ligands attached to backbone benzene rings of a 6% cross-linked polystyrene-divinylbenzene bead (PS-DVB), to selectively remove and recover metal ions from aqueous environmental solutions will be an important remediation technique for the Department of Energy`s (DOE) Environmental Management and Restoration program goals. Thus, the initial focus of the DOE Efficient Separation and Processing Integrated Program (ESPIP) project is to develop new polymer pendant ligand technology for the remediation of the Berkeley Pit, a Superfund and DOE integrated demonstration site located in Butte, Montana, as well as future studies on other DOE integrated demonstration sites, and for global applications. Clearly, in order to remove and recover the toxic and economically significant metals from the Berkeley Pit at pH 2.5 that now contains {approximately} 17 billion gallons of water, the high concentration of Fe{sup 3+} ({approximately} 1,100 ppm) has to be removed first to prevent a competition; for example, between Fe{sup 3+} and Cu{sup 2+} and Zn{sup 2+} for polymer pendant ligand site. Therefore, the first phase of any future remediation process for the Berkeley Pit would necessitate development of a polymer pendant ligand bonded to {approximately}4--6% cross-linked PS-DVB beads that is highly selective tomore » Fe{sup 3+}.« less
As-Grown InGaAs Nanolasers for Integrated Silicon Photonics (2010)

We report on-chip InGaAs nanopillar lasers directly grown on silicon using a low-temperature, CMOS-compatible MOCVD process. A novel whispering gallery and Fabry-Perot hybrid cavity mode provides optical feedback for laser oscillation in as-grown subwavelength nanopillars.
Bacteriophage- based tests for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens: a systematic review and meta- analysis (2005)

Phage-based assays have high specificity but lower and variable sensitivity. Their performance characteristics are similar to sputum microscopy. Phage assays cannot replace conventional diagnostic tests such as microscopy and culture at this time. Further research is required to identify methods that can enhance the sensitivity of phage-based assays without compromising the high specificity.
Safety assessment of Madin Darby canine kidney cells as vaccine substrate. (2006)

Conventional influenza vaccines are manufactured using embryonated chicken eggs, a substrate with little flexibility and vulnerable to extraneous agents. Solvay Pharmaceuticals developed a production technology based on the continuous cell line Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) as vaccine cell substrate. A risk-based safety assessment of MDCK, with respect to tumorigenicity of intact cells and oncogenicity of cellular components, cellular DNA and adventitious agents, shows that this substrate is as safe as other substrates and therefore without increased risk to the vaccine recipient.
A Novel Mechanism for the Synthesis of Tin / Tin Oxide Nanoparticles of Low Size Dispersion and of Nanostructured SnO2 for the Sensitive Layers of Gas Sensors (1999)

The resistance of a metal oxide gas sensor varies when the sensor is exposed to oxidizing or reducing gases, thus giving rise to a measurable signal. The most important sensor type with respect to practical application uses SnO2 as the sensitive layer material. In this paper, a new procedure for preparing nanoparticles of SnO2 suitable for gas sensing applications—combining thermolysis of an organometallic precursor with a hydration—is described. Such nanostructures are desirable since the size reduction of individual grains is expected to increase the sensitivity.
&ldquo;基本&rdquo;粒子和高能核作用 (1956)

人们熟知,所有的物质都是由最微小的粒子即所谓分手和原子所组成. 不久以前,人们还认为原子是最小的粒子. 原子这个词是由希腊文翻译过来的,它的意思就是“不可分割的”. 这个名称应当意味着这样一种粒子,关于它的构造问题是没有什公意义的. 当时认为我们周围的物质的无数种分子是由几十种不可变的、不可毁灭的和没有结构的“宇宙建筑的砖头”——原子所组成. 但是,关于原子性质的这种形而上学的观念已被科学所扬弃. 首先是建立了各种元素的原子的性质问的联系——有名的门捷列夫元素周期系. 这样一个系统的存在就表明了,在各种类型的原子间存在着一种关系,这个关系在某种形式上反映出这些原子的内在的本质. 以后,又发现了基本电荷的粒子——电子,它的质量几乎比最轻的原子——氢原子的质量小二千倍. 这时人们弄清楚了,电子是原子的组成部分之一.
Targets for Inhibition of HIV Replication: Entry, Enzyme Action, Release and Maturation (2012)

Inhibition of HIV replication initially targeted viral enzymes, which are exclusively expressed by the virus and not present in the human cell. The development of reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors started with the discovery of antiretroviral activity of the nucleoside analog zidovudine in March 1987. Currently, six major classes of antiretroviral drugs are used for the treatment of HIV-infected patients: the RT inhibitors, nucleoside inhibitors and nonnucleoside inhibitors, the protease inhibitors, the integrase inhibitor raltegravir, the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide (T-20), and the chemokine receptor 5 antagonist maraviroc. A seventh class, the maturation inhibitors, has not yet been approved as their effectiveness is impaired by HIV-1 polymorphisms naturally occurring in 30-40% of HIV-1 therapy-naive isolates. The use of antiretroviral combination therapy has proven to be effective in delaying progression to AIDS and to reconstitute the immune system of HIV-infected individuals. During the last 5 years, the introduction of the newest antiretrovirals has increased treatment efficacy tremendously. However, the development and accumulation of resistance to all antiretroviral drug classes are still a major problem. Additional targets will have to be defined to achieve the ultimate goal: the eradication of the virus from the infected human body.