gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Versatile Enantioselective Strategy Toward<scp>l</scp>-<i>C</i>-Nucleosides:  A Total Synthesis of<scp>l</scp>-Showdomycin (1999)

Strategies for the synthesis of nucleosides that can provide either L or D isomers become more important as a result of the increasing number of such compounds that are therapeutically useful. The lower toxicity and reduced susceptibility toward metabolism of the L isomers make them particularly interesting. A strategy toward the C-nucleoside analogues has been explored in the context of the synthesis of L-showdomycin. The route involves an asymmetric desymmetrization using palladium catalysis of cis-2,5-diacyloxy-2,5-dihydrofurans available in one step from furan, with carbon nucleophiles. Nucleophilic synthons for a maleimide unit and a methoxycarbonyl unit have been designed. Two sequential palladium-catalyzed reactions introduce both substituents with excellent chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. The presence of a double bond in this doubly alkylated compound at C-3 and C-4 allows easy structural variation. The use of an ester as a hydroxymethyl precursor also introduces a diversity element as well as having importance in its own right. The successful completion of a synthesis of L-showdomycin validates this approach as a viable strategy to C-nucleosides.
The Transcribed Demonstration (1974)

A new system of self-instruction which combines the desirable features of video tape and analog graphic recording is developed. By means of multiplexing techniques, four types of information are recorded on standard video tape: 1) video, 2) voice, 3) three channels of physiological data, and 4) control signals for the operation of auxiliary equipment. The latter three are combined and applied to a single audio track of the video tape recorder by successive time-division and frequency-division multiplexing; the video channel is unaltered.
Magnetic properties of polymerized<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: The influence of defects and hydrogen (2004)

A combination of reactive force field molecular dynamics and hybrid-exchange density functional theory (DFT) generates a defective structure of $\mathrm{Rh}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ possessing an inter-cage link. Hybrid-exchange DFT is used within periodic boundary conditions to investigate the long-range magnetic coupling between the resulting defects. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments highlight the presence of hydrogen chemically bonded to carbon in the magnetic samples. A simple spin model previously applied to studies of planar conjugated $\ensuremath{\pi}$ electron systems is used to illustrate the mechanism through which chemically bonded hydrogen leads to a ferromagnetic ground state for this system.
Profound specific suppression by antigen of persistent IgM, IgG, and IgE antibody production. (1992)

Ongoing, high-titer T-cell-dependent immune responses in adult mice, consisting of IgM, IgG, and IgE anti-fluorescein antibodies, can be specifically and substantially reduced (90-99%) when the mice are injected with appropriate doses of fluoresceinated dextran of defined molecular weight and hapten valence. This suppressive form of the antigen is nontoxic and specific, as responses to other antigens are unaffected. The suppression is long lasting and reduces high-affinity antibodies most markedly. Moreover, plasma cell secretion of specific antibody is virtually eliminated. This demonstrates that the reduction in antibody titer is not simply due to masking of serum antibody by the suppressive polymer. The results are discussed with reference to proposed models of B-cell and T-cell tolerance. Extension of these findings to disease-related immunogens may yield effective antigen-specific treatments of human allergy and autoimmune diseases.
Enhanced nonlinear absorption and optical limiting in semiconducting polymer/methanofullerene charge transfer films (1995)

Nonlinear optical absorption in solid films of poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT) sensitized with methanofullerene was investigated for wavelengths from 620 to 960 nm. The nonlinear absorption is enhanced over that in either of the component materials by more than two orders of magnitude at 760 nm. The large nonlinearity results from efficient photoinduced intermolecular charge transfer from P3OT to methanofullerene, followed by absorption in the charge separated excited state. P3OT/fullerene films are promising as optical limiters; the transmission clamps at an average fluence of approximately 0.1 J/cm2. The damage threshold was 15 μJ/pulse (≊1 J/cm2 in average fluence), above which there is a permanent change in the linear transmission.
Noninvasive, nondestructive approaches to cell bioenergetics. (1980)

To demonstrate the feasibility of using NMR spectra of human limbs and larger animals for continuous, noninvasive, nondestructive evaluation of cell bioenergetics, we have constructed a relatively simple and inexpensive 31P NMR apparatus. This apparatus consists of an 18-cm (7-in.) bore superconducting magnet and appropriate transmit-receive components for Fourier transform NMR. The principal signals observed by this instrument in the tissues are due to phosphocreatine and inorganic phosphate. The apparatus can be used to detect tissue normoxia and hypoxia. The large phosphocreatine/phosphate ratio (greater than 10:1), and the low phosphate signal from normoxic tissue (approximately 10% of the phosphocreatine signal from brain and human skeletal tissue) make an increased phosphate peak a very sensitive indicator of tissue hypoxia. Direct experiments on the human forearm and leg and the brains of dog and rabbit suggest the applicability of 31P NMR to humans and animals. This method and optical methods can both be used for quantitative determination of oxygen delivery to tissue, function of mitochondria, and the coupling of bioenergetic processes to functional activity in skeletal tissue and brain.
Quantitative and Continuous Analysis of ATP Release from Blood Platelets with Firefly Luciferase Luminescence (1985)

An analytical method was devised to determine the entire course of the adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) release from blood platelets based on a continuous measurement of firefly luciferase luminescence. The equation of the release reaction was derived after due consideration of substrate (ATP) consumption and product (oxyluciferin) inhibition on the luciferase reaction as follows: Ct = Vt X (Km/Vmax) X (1 + It/Ki) + It, where Ct is the total concentration of the released ATP at time t, vt is the velocity of the luciferase reaction at time t and is directly measured, It is the concentration of oxyluciferin at time t, and Vmax, Km and Ki are constants. Ct of the gel-filtered platelet suspension (GFP) could be determined by substituting vt and It as functions of t. The effects of albumin and temperature on the reaction were also studied.
High Current Gain Lateral Bipolar Action in DMOS Transistors (1994)

This paper describes a new operation mode of the DMOS transistor. By utilizing the diffused channel region as base and connecting it to the gate, hybrid lateral bipolar operation is obtained in the device. Current gain higher than 2000 and a cut-off frequency of 1.6 GHz are achieved. Superior breakdown voltages were obtained compared to previously published hybrid devices. It is demonstrated that hybrid operation of a DMOS transistor is a simple way to implement a high gain lateral bipolar transistor, without complex sub-? processing.
Triazones—Creaseproofing Agents for Cotton (1959)

The triazones have been known for a long time as chemical compounds, but have only recently come into prominence as creaseproofing agents. Fabrics treated with pure triazone resins show no damage due to retained chlorine and, when triazone resins are mixed with resins normally exhibiting high damage due to retained chlorine, they exert a chlorine damage depressant effect. Triazone resin finishes compare favorably with the best of the nitrogenous resin finishes in respect to durability and crease re sistance-fabric strength relationships. Fabrics treated with some triazone resins show some tendency to discolor at elevated temperatures, but this discoloration can be easily removed. Although the triazone resins have been blamed for imparting odor to fabrics, this has not been a problem in commercial usage where properly prepared resins and proper treating conditions have been employed. The triazone resins have now been used commercially on a large scale and have been found to be a valuable addition to the finisher's line of creaseproofing materials.
Multiconfiguration Self-Consistent Field and Multireference Configuration Interaction Methods and Applications (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMulticonfiguration Self-Consistent Field and Multireference Configuration Interaction Methods and ApplicationsPéter G. Szalay, Thomas Müller, Gergely Gidofalvi, Hans Lischka, and Ron Shepard*View Author Information Laboratory for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P. O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary Jülich Supercomputer Centre, Institute of Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, 502 East Boone Avenue, Spokane, Washington 99258-0102, United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States *E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 1, 108–181Publication Date (Web):December 28, 2011Publication History Received21 September 2011Published online28 December 2011Published inissue 11 January 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr200137ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr200137areview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12093Altmetric-Citations559LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical calculations,Energy,Hamiltonians,Wave function Get e-Alerts
Photoinduced single electron transfer initiated heterolytic carbon-selenium bond dissociation. Sequential one-pot selenenylation and deselenenylation reaction (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoinduced single electron transfer initiated heterolytic carbon-selenium bond dissociation. Sequential one-pot selenenylation and deselenenylation reactionGanesh Pandey, B. B. V. Soma Sekhar, and U. T. BhaleraoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 14, 5650–5651Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00170a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00170a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views601Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oxidation of silicon–germanium alloys. I. An experimental study (1997)

The oxidation of polycrystalline SixGe1−x films with different compositions (i.e., different values of x) is carried out in pyrogenic steam at 800 °C for various lengths of time. It is found that the oxidation is enhanced by the presence of germanium and that the enhancement effect is more pronounced for the films richer in germanium. A mixed oxide in the form of either (Si,Ge)O2 or SiO2–GeO2 is found at the sample surface if the initial SixGe1−x contains more than 50% of germanium. However, a surface silicon cap layer of about 14 nm is found to have a significant impact on the oxidation of the Si0.5Ge0.5 films; it leads to the growth of about 115-nm-thick SiO2 which is about four times that of the SiO2 resulting from the oxidation of the cap layer itself. On the SixGe1−x films with only 30% of germanium, the SiO2 continues to grow after oxidation for 180 min resulting in 233-nm-thick SiO2 which is about 2.4 times greater than the SiO2 grown on 〈100〉 silicon substrates. Rejection of germanium results in piling up of germanium at the interface between the growing SiO2 and the remaining SixGe1−x. Substantial interdiffusion of silicon and germanium takes place in the remaining SixGe1−x. The experimental results are discussed in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics.
Pulse-length dependence of cellular response to intense near-infrared laser pulses in multiphoton microscopes (1999)

The influence of the pulse length, tau , of ultrashort laser pulses at 780 and 920 nm on cell vitality and cellular reproduction has been studied. A total of 2400 nonlabeled cells were exposed to a highly focused scanning beam from a mode-locked 80-MHz Ti:sapphire laser with 60-micros pixel dwell time. For the same pulse energy, destructive effects were more pronounced for shorter pulses. The damage behavior was found to follow approximately a P(2)/tau dependence (P , mean power), indicating that cell destruction is likely based on a two-photon excitation process rather than a one- or a three-photon event. Therefore, femtosecond as well as picosecond pulses provide approximately the same relative optical window for safe two-photon fluorescence microscopy.
3-D Integrated Inductor on Silicon Backend using Compliant Interconnect Process for 10GHz Low Jitter VCO Application (2006)

This paper presents a 3-D integrated coil inductor fabricated on silicon backend for 10GHz LC type (L for inductance, C for capacitance) voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) for low jitter VCO applications , with improved quality factor (Q) of on-chip inductors. The 3-D inductor is formed using a compliant interconnect processing method used for flip chip technologies (Muthukumar, 2006). The compliant die-package interconnects are designed to have a very small inductance (100~200pH) to minimize the insertion loss for high-frequency signals (Braunisch, 2004). Using this compliant interconnect processing method a 3-D high Q coil inductor with inductance of 0.8~1.2nH for low jitter LC type VCO applications at 10GHz can be fabricated. At high frequencies, the higher the Q of the inductor, the lower is the jitter/phase noise of the LC VCO. A 2-D integrated inductor in a package substrate having Q higher than a 2-D on-chip inductor can also be used for 10GHz VCO application. However, the additional routing trace inductance resulting from the integrated inductor in package substrate may limit the implementation of LC-tank part of the VCO compared to a high Q 3-D coil inductor located on silicon backend. This paper presents the design of a 3-D coil for the 10GHz low jitter VCO application, the simulated performance of the 3-D coil and 2-D integrated inductors in package substrate using Ansoft HFSS, and a method to fabricate and integrate the 3-D coil on the silicon backend layers
Molecular architecture of cyclic nanostructures: use of co-ordination chemistry in the building of supermolecules with predefined geometric shapes (1998)

B. Olenyuk, A. Fechtenkötter and P. J. Stang, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1998, 1707 DOI: 10.1039/A801057I
Practical Transistors and Linear Integrated Circuits (1988)

This introduction to transistors and linear electronics acquaints readers with the most commonly used transistor circuits and trains them to understand, analyze and design these circuits. Computer programs, written in BASIC, and h parameters are used throughout the book. Chapters cover diode circuits (clippers, clampers, photo-diodes) and the BJT transistor. Curve tracers and the saturation and cutoff regions of a transistor are also discussed. Thevenin's equivalent circuit is used frequently, and 4-11, a very important transistor gain equation, is included. Other topics include JFETS, multiple-transistor circuits, the frequency response of transistors, the analysis of high frequency response, and amplifiers and oscillators. The chapter on feedback is limited to two types of feedback, but these are examined from several perspectives.
Validity and reliability of GPS and LPS for measuring distances covered and sprint mechanical properties in team sports (2018)

This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of global (GPS) and local (LPS) positioning systems for measuring distances covered and sprint mechanical properties in team sports. Here, we evaluated two recently released 18 Hz GPS and 20 Hz LPS technologies together with one established 10 Hz GPS technology. Six male athletes (age: 27±2 years; VO2max: 48.8±4.7 ml/min/kg) performed outdoors on 10 trials of a team sport-specific circuit that was equipped with double-light timing gates. The circuit included various walking, jogging, and sprinting sections that were performed either in straight-lines or with changes of direction. During the circuit, athletes wore two devices of each positioning system. From the reported and filtered velocity data, the distances covered and sprint mechanical properties (i.e., the theoretical maximal horizontal velocity, force, and power output) were computed. The sprint mechanical properties were modeled via an inverse dynamic approach applied to the center of mass. The validity was determined by comparing the measured and criterion data via the typical error of estimate (TEE), whereas the reliability was examined by comparing the two devices of each technology (i.e., the between-device reliability) via the coefficient of variation (CV). Outliers due to measurement errors were statistically identified and excluded from validity and reliability analyses. The 18 Hz GPS showed better validity and reliability for determining the distances covered (TEE: 1.6-8.0%; CV: 1.1-5.1%) and sprint mechanical properties (TEE: 4.5-14.3%; CV: 3.1-7.5%) than the 10 Hz GPS (TEE: 3.0-12.9%; CV: 2.5-13.0% and TEE: 4.1-23.1%; CV: 3.3-20.0%). However, the 20 Hz LPS demonstrated superior validity and reliability overall (TEE: 1.0-6.0%; CV: 0.7-5.0% and TEE: 2.1-9.2%; CV: 1.6-7.3%). For the 10 Hz GPS, 18 Hz GPS, and 20 Hz LPS, the relative loss of data sets due to measurement errors was 10.0%, 20.0%, and 15.8%, respectively. This study shows that 18 Hz GPS has enhanced validity and reliability for determining movement patterns in team sports compared to 10 Hz GPS, whereas 20 Hz LPS had superior validity and reliability overall. However, compared to 10 Hz GPS, 18 Hz GPS and 20 Hz LPS technologies had more outliers due to measurement errors, which limits their practical applications at this time.
Comparison of the effect of ethylene oxide and ?-irradiation on selected tyrosine-derived polycarbonates and poly(L-lactic acid) (1997)

Tyrosine-derived polycarbonates are a new class of degradable polymers that have possible biomedical applications. In this study, the effect of the two most common sterilization techniques, ethylene oxide and γ-irradiation (0.3, 1.1, 3.9, 6.4, 10.6 Mrad), was evaluated for a family of four structurally related tyrosine-derived polycarbonates and for poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA). The four polycarbonates were poly(DTE carbonate), poly(DTB carbonate), poly(DTH carbonate), and poly(DTO carbonate) and differed only in the length of the pendent chain. Ethylene oxide exposure had little effect on molecular weight, surface composition, mechanical properties, or degradation rate of all test polymers except for poly(DTO carbonate). Poly(DTO carbonate) was unique since following ethylene oxide exposure it degraded faster than did the nonsterilized control. γ-Irradiated tyrosine-derived polycarbonates retained over 81% of their initial molecular weight when exposed to a clinically relevant dose of 3.9 Mrad and retained still 58% of the initial molecular weight when exposed to the highest test dose of 10.6 Mrad. No changes in surface composition and only slight changes in yield strength and the Young's modulus were detected for any of the tyrosine-derived polycarbonates following γ-irradiation. In vitro, irradiated films of poly(DTE carbonate), poly(DTB carbonate), and poly(DTH carbonate) degraded at approximately the same rate as did the nonsterilized films regardless of irradiation dose. Only poly(DTO carbonate), irradiated at high doses, degraded faster than did the control. Medical-grade PLLA was tested under identical conditions. Ethylene oxide exposure of PLLA did not affect the molecular weight, surface composition, mechanical properties, or in vitro degradation rate. However, upon irradiation at 10.6 Mrad, PLLA retained only 29% of its initial molecular weight; a dose of 3.9 Mrad resulted in retention of 49% of the initial molecular weight. In correspondence with earlier publications, irradiation of PLLA induced significant losses in the Young's modulus, % strain at break, and changes in the postirradiation rate of degradation in some specimens. Compared to PLLA, tyrosine-derived polycarbonates are significantly more stable to γ-irradiation and can be sterilized by conventional γ-sterilization techniques. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 63: 1499–1510, 1997