gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids in bronchial asthma correlated with the generation of LTB4 and LTC4 (1996)

Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular energy production and calcium homeostasis. Abnormalities in mitochondrial homeostasis and function are seen in several acquired as well as genetic neuropathies, emphasizing their prominent role in neuronal cell activities. Chronic infection with HIV, even when appropriately treated, is a risk factor for developing peripheral neuropathy. In this chapter, we discuss the way in which HIV infection, the resultant toxic viral products that are generated, and some of the viral inhibitors used in its treatment may lead to abnormal mitochondrial function. Of importance are the effects on mitochondrial DNA replication and the neurotoxic effects of the viral gp120 protein. One aspect of mitochondrial dysfunction that remains unexplored is the role of the interaction between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum as a possible target of disruption in HIV neuropathy.
CDK12: an emerging therapeutic target for cancer (2018)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) belongs to the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases that regulate transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes, thereby modulating multiple cellular functions. Early studies characterised CDK12 as a transcriptional CDK that complexes with cyclin K to mediate gene transcription by phosphorylating RNA polymerase II. CDK12 has been demonstrated to specifically upregulate the expression of genes involved in response to DNA damage, stress and heat shock. More recent studies have implicated CDK12 in regulating mRNA splicing, 3' end processing, pre-replication complex assembly and genomic stability during embryonic development. Genomic alterations in CDK12 have been detected in oesophageal, stomach, breast, endometrial, uterine, ovarian, bladder, colorectal and pancreatic cancers, ranging from 5% to 15% of sequenced cases. An increasing number of studies point to CDK12 inhibition as an effective strategy to inhibit tumour growth, and synthetic lethal interactions have been described with MYC, EWS/FLI and PARP/CHK1 inhibition. Herein, we discuss the present literature on CDK12 in cell function and human cancer, highlighting important roles for CDK12 as a clinical biomarker for treatment response and potential as an effective therapeutic target.
Adsorption Characteristics of Phenolic Compounds onto Coal-Reject-Derived Adsorbents (1998)

Carbonaceous adsorbents were prepared by heat treatment of coal reject at 600 °C, after chemical treatment in HNO3, H2SO4, and NaOH at 25 and 75 °C. Pore structure characterization and the phenol adsorption capacities of the adsorbents showed that nitric acid pretreatment significantly enhanced the surface properties, consequently the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents. A number of samples were subsequently prepared by carbonizing coal reject at 600 °C, after pretreatment in HNO3 under various conditions. The acid concentration, residence time, and reaction temperature were varied to obtain adsorbents with various pore structures. The adsorption capacities of the derived adsorbents for phenol, p-nitrophenol, and benzene were measured to gain further insights into the pore structure evolution. Adsorption isotherms of phenol, p-nitrophenol, and p-chlorophenol on the best adsorbent prepared were determined and correlated with theoretical isotherm equations, such as the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich−Peterson equations.
Evidence for non‐enzymatic glycosylation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2001)

Non‐enzymatic glycosylation (glycation) is a chain of chemical reactions affecting free amino groups in proteins of long‐living eukaryotes. It proceeds in several steps leading to the consecutive formation of Schiff bases, Amadori products and advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs). To our knowledge, this process has not been observed in prokaryotes so far. However, the present study provides clear‐cut evidence that glycation takes place in bacteria despite their short life span. We have detected AGEs in recombinant human interferon gamma (rhIFN‐γ) produced in Escherichia coli as well as in total protein of the same bacterium using three different approaches: (i) Western blotting using two monoclonal antibodies raised against AGEs; (ii) fluorescent spectroscopy; and (iii) investigation of the effect of known AGE inhibitors (such as acetyl salicylic acid and thiamine) on the glycation reaction. Our study shows that non‐enzymatic glycosylation is initiated during the normal growth of E. coli and results in AGE formation even after isolation of proteins. This process seems to be tightly associated with some post‐translational modifications observed in the cysteineless rhIFN‐γ, such as covalent dimerization and truncation.
A Comparison of the Vastus Splitting and Median Parapatellar Approaches in Total Knee Arthroplasty (1999)

This prospective randomized study was undertaken to evaluate the vastus splitting approach as an alternative to the median parapatellar approach in primary total knee arthroplasty. Fifty-one knees in 42 patients were randomized preoperatively. Clinical parameters were evaluated preoperatively and at regular postoperative intervals. Electromyography was performed preoperatively and postoperatively to evaluate each approach relative to its effect on the innervation of the quadriceps mechanism. There were no significant preoperative differences. Postoperatively, there were no significant differences regarding strength, range of motion, knee scores, tourniquet time, proprioception, or patellar replacement. There were significantly more lateral releases performed and greater blood loss in the patients in the parapatellar group. The results of all preoperative electromyograms were normal, as were all of the results of postoperative electromyograms in the patients in the parapatellar group. However, the results of nine of 21 (43%) of the electromyograms performed postoperatively on patients who had the vastus splitting approach were abnormal. Significantly fewer lateral releases were performed and there was less blood loss in the patients in the vastus group. However, the postoperative electromyographic results revealed neurologic injuries in the vastus medialis muscle that only were present after the vastus splitting approach. The clinical significance of denervation of the vastus medialis muscle by the vastus approach remains to be determined by longer term clinical and electromyographic studies.
Determining Surface Orientations of Specular Surfaces by Using the Photometric Stereo Method (1981)

The orientation of patches on the surface of an object can be determined from multiple images taken with different illumination, but from the same viewing position. The method, referred to as photometric stereo, can be implemented using table lookup based on numerical inversion of reflectance maps. Here we concentrate on objects with specularly reflecting surfaces, since these are of importance in industrial applications. Previous methods, intended for diffusely reflecting surfaces, employed point source illumination, which is quite unsuitable in this case. Instead, we use a distributed light source obtained by uneven illumination of a diffusely reflecting planar surface. Experimental results are shown to verify analytic expressions obtained for a method employing three light source distributions.
On the effect of current pulses on the material behavior during electromagnetic metal forming (2006)

Electromagnetic sheet metal forming (EMF) is an example of a high-speed forming process driven by the dynamics of a coupled electromagnetic-mechanical system. Basic physical processes involved in EMF, such as e.g. inelastic and hardening behavior or inertia, have been considered in previous works [1, 2]. The purpose of the current work is the investigation of temperature development during EMF and a possible reduction in the yield stress due to electric currents. While thermoelastic and viscoplastic effects are well-understood in this context [3], the possible influence of electric currents on dislocation motion, generally referred to as the electro-plastic effect [4, 5], is still an unresolved issue. In agreement with previous works [e.g., 6], it is concluded here that such an effect is at most of second-order and can most likely be safely neglected in the modeling and simulation of industrial EMF.
Assessment of the Performance of a Metamaterial Spacer in a Closely Spaced Multiple-Antenna System (2012)

A metamaterial spacer composed of spiral resonators (SRs) and narrow metal strips has been tested to operate like a bidirectional artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) reflector at 2.45 GHz. The performance of the spacer has also been evaluated in a closely spaced multiple-antenna system applied to successfully increase the transmission capacity of a commercial wireless IEEE 802.11b router.
HIV-1 can escape from RNA interference by evolving an alternative structure in its RNA genome (2005)

HIV-1 replication can be efficiently inhibited by intracellular expression of an siRNA targeting the viral RNA. However, HIV-1 escape variants emerged after prolonged culturing. These RNAi-resistant viruses contain nucleotide substitutions or deletions in or near the targeted sequence. We observed an inverse correlation between the level of resistance and the stability of the siRNA/target-RNA duplex. However, two escape variants showed a higher level of resistance than expected based on the duplex stability. We demonstrate that these mutations induce alternative folding of the RNA such that the target sequence is occluded from binding to the siRNA, resulting in reduced RNAi efficiency. HIV-1 can thus escape from RNAi-mediated inhibition not only through nucleotide substitutions or deletions in the siRNA target sequence, but also through mutations that alter the local RNA secondary structure. The results highlight the enormous genetic flexibility of HIV-1 and provide detailed molecular insight into the sequence specificity of RNAi and the impact of target RNA secondary structure.
Design of a microlens based total interconnection for optical neural networks (1993)

The ability of neural networks to quickly adapt to changing circumstances is important for applications ranging from fast recognition of images to adaptive line equalisation for telecommunication systems.
Saturated Cores FCL—A New Approach (2007)

The saturated cores FCL exhibits several attractive technological advantages: inherent fail-safe and selectivity design, superconductivity is maintained during both nominal and fault states, the limiting process as well as the recovery after fault are passive and immediate, operation in limiting state is not time-limited, and the superconducting bias coil is made of wires available as commercial shelf-product. Despite these advantages, saturated cores FCL did not make it to commercial phase because of the large volume and heavy weight associated with its realization, a coupling problem between the AC and bias coils while in limiting state, and non-optimal limitation resulting from the presence of the bias field during fault. This work presents a novel, improved saturated cores FCL concept that overcomes the above difficulties and reopens the possibility for commercialization. Unique design topography reduces the cores volume and at the same time reduces the AC and DC magnetic coupling to about 2%. In addition, a control circuit, triggered by voltage drop across the FCL terminals, is added and disconnects the bias coil during a fault for increased limiting performances. All above-mentioned advantages of the saturated cores concept are maintained in this new design. First, a 4.2 kVA laboratory scale FCL has been designed built and studied proving the feasibility of the new design. Then, an up-scaled, 120 kVA model has been designed, built and tested at the testing laboratory of the Israel Electric Company. The prospective short current in the test bed was 5000 A, successfully limited to 2400 A. The 120 kVA model is a single phase FCL designed for 400 V, 300 A nominal conditions. Core losses and AC coils losses are 0.09% and 0.18%, respectively.
Effect of surface modification of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ membrane for oxygen separation (2011)

The effect of surface modification on the oxygen separation properties of permeation membranes is investigated in this work. For this purpose, dense perovskite type membranes of the composition Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ have been successfully prepared by polymerized complex method. Oxygen permeation experiments were conducted according to membrane thickness (1.0 mm and 1.6 mm) and surface modification. The surface modification of the Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ dense membranes for measurement of oxygen permeability was done mainly by screen printing technique Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ powders. The oxygen flux of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ membrane increased with increasing temperature and with decreasing membrane thickness. The oxygen permeation flux through 1.0 mm membrane thickness with modified surface exposed to flowing air (Ph=0.21 atm) and helium (Pl=10−5 atm) was ca. 1.4 ml/cm2⋅min at 950 °C.
How Can Ontologies Give You Clue for Truth-Discovery? An Exploratory Study (2016)

The main aim of truth-finding methods is to identify the most reliable and trustworthy data among a set of facts. Since existing methods assume a single true value, they cannot deal with numerous real-world use cases in which a set of true values exists for a given fact, even for functional predicate (e.g. Picasso is born in Màlaga and in Spain). This paper studies how traditional truth-finding methods can be adapted to this setting. After introducing a new definition of true value and discussing associated implications, we propose an approach that can be used to identify true values among a set of non-conflicting claims; it takes advantage of belief functions to incorporate knowledge about value relationships in the form of a partial ordering of claimed values. By reducing the error rate up to 30% adapting classical approaches, the effectiveness and suitability of our proposal is clearly highlighted through empirical experiments performed on DBpedia.
Radio direction finding for maritime search and rescue (2004)

Two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are required to respond to a maritime emergency beacon, localise it, and then circle around it in an optimal configuration. Each UAV is able to measure bearing to the beacon but not its range. Novel guidance and control strategies based on cost function gradient search techniques are developed to achieve a continuous reduction in the estimate of the beacon location. Simulation studies reveal the localisation and circling behaviour achieved with the various cost functions, and a new minimum estimation error configuration is discovered. A direct cost function based on an 'area-of-uncertainty' metric achieved the best localisation considering flight and localisation time.
Salicylate-Induced Injury of Pyruvate-Kinase-Deficient Erythrocytes (1976)

Salicylate is known to uncouple mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Since the viability of pyruvate-kinase-deficient reticulocytes depends on ATP generated by mitochondrial metabolism, this study examined the effects of salicylate on erythrocytes deficient in pyruvate kinase. When deficient erythrocytes from patients with severe hemolysis were incubated with salicylate (2 to 30 mg per deciliter), there was a marked decrease (25 to 75 percent) in ATP. In addition, this drug-induced ATP depletion produced cell potassium and water loss, and the normal oxidant responsiveness of the hexose-monophosphate shunt was blunted. Since these cellular abnormalities are associated with accelerated hemolysis in vivo, the data suggest that aspirin therapy may aggravate hemolysis in patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency whose erythrocyte manifest sensitivity to salicylate in vitro.
Probing protein structure by limited proteolysis. (2004)

Limited proteolysis experiments can be successfully used to probe conformational features of proteins. In a number of studies it has been demonstrated that the sites of limited proteolysis along the polypeptide chain of a protein are characterized by enhanced backbone flexibility, implying that proteolytic probes can pinpoint the sites of local unfolding in a protein chain. Limited proteolysis was used to analyze the partly folded (molten globule) states of several proteins, such as apomyoglobin, alpha-lactalbumin, calcium-binding lysozymes, cytochrome c and human growth hormone. These proteins were induced to acquire the molten globule state under specific solvent conditions, such as low pH. In general, the protein conformational features deduced from limited proteolysis experiments nicely correlate with those deriving from other biophysical and spectroscopic techniques. Limited proteolysis is also most useful for isolating protein fragments that can fold autonomously and thus behave as protein domains. Moreover, the technique can be used to identify and prepare protein fragments that are able to associate into a native-like and often functional protein complex. Overall, our results underscore the utility of the limited proteolysis approach for unravelling molecular features of proteins and appear to prompt its systematic use as a simple first step in the elucidation of structure-dynamics-function relationships of a novel and rare protein, especially if available in minute amounts.
Global Compaction of Horizontal Microprograms Based on the Generalized Data Dependency Graph (1983)

This paper describes a global compaction algorithm which can produce efficient microprograms with respect to both space and time. The algorithm depends upon a generalized data dependency graph (GDDG), which can integratedly express the concurrency of microorders and their mobility past the boundaries of basic blocks, as well as the control flow for a microprogram. In the algorithm an initial GDDG is first built up from a source microprogram consisting of a sequence of microorders, and this is transformed by repeated application of a set of microscopic transformation rules to the graph's edges until all of them have been examined. Then microorders are packed into microinstruction fields so that the more frequently executed basic blocks may contain as few microinstructions as possible. The intrinsic nature of the control flow's joins and forks allows determination of which basic block should accommodate those microorders that can be placed in more than one basic block.
Human Infections with New Subspecies of<i>Campylobacter fetus</i> (2013)

Campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum subsp. nov. is a newly proposed subspecies of C. fetus with markers of reptile origin. We summarize epidemiologic information for 9 humans infected with this bacterium. All cases were in men, most of whom were of Asian origin. Infection might have been related to exposure to Asian foods or reptiles.
Pharmacokinetic considerations in evaluating the effects of tetrahydrouridine on 5-azacytidine chemotherapy in L1210 leukemic mice. (1978)

The pharmacokinetics of 5-azacytidine (5-azaCR) and tetrahydrouridine (THU) were considered in evaluating the effect of THU on chemotherapy with 5-azaCR in L1210 leukemia mice. The administration of three different dose levels of THU and 5-azaCR ip in either a 6- or 72-hour infusion gave minimal increases in therapeutic effect. At the high-dose combinations (except in the 72-hour infusion), THU appeared to enhance toxicity. Toxicity, however, occurred only after exceeding a theoretic plasma concentration for 5-azaCR of 61 microgram/ml. THU was effective in increasing the excretion of 5-azaCR by sixfold and in altering its urinary metabolites when given simultaneously with or up to 1 hour prior to 5-azaCR.
The Kinetics and Energy Balance of Mechanochemical Transformations (2005)

The kinetic theory of strength formulated by Zhurkov is expanded to include an energy consumption analysis of the processes of deformation and fracture of solids and their compounds. The dependence of the kinetics of the structure defect formation and of chemical reactions in the processes of deformation and fracture of solids on the energy expended is found. Experiments and calculations concerning energy yields of the defect formation, deformational mixing, and mechanochemical reactions are discussed.
Exercise training in the treatment of heart failure: what is achieved and how? (1998)

Exercise intolerance is present in most patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Factors affecting the central and peripheral circulation, ventilatory system and skeletal muscles limit the exercise capacity in varying degrees within each patient. Exercise training is now being applied with growing enthusiasm to patients with heart failure. Improvements in the peripheral circulation and skeletal muscle structure and function appear to account for the observed benefit in exercise tolerance after training. Exercise programmes in these patients should be initially conducted with close supervision and tailored to the individual patient.
Exploiting Oxidative Microenvironments in the Body as Triggers for Drug Delivery Systems (2013)

Oxidation-responsive nanocarriers developed thus far show tremendous potential for applicability in vivo; however, the sensitivity of these chemistries needs to be fine tuned to enable responses to physiological levels of ROS and RNS.
A 170-MHz CMOS pixel processor for windowing graphics (1992)

A pixel-processing RAMDAC chip, in 1.5- mu m CMOS, has been designed, tested, and operated at a clock rate of over 170 MHz. The authors describe the design methodology, pipelined architecture, and delay-matched circuitry used to create the block (about 38,000 transistors) which processes the pixel words. This block provides the flexible pixel-by-pixel data manipulation needed to solve several problems encountered in windowing graphics systems of one million or more pixels per frame. The circuitry can interpret each input pixel word differently, allowing a distinct visual type and color map to be assigned to each window. Previous high-performance RAMDACs have provided only one visual type and color mapping for an entire screen, causing the colors in all but the active window to be corrupted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Management of Coronary Disease in Patients with Advanced Kidney Disease (2020)

Among patients with stable coronary disease, advanced chronic kidney disease, and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA-CKD ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01985360.).
Achieving loop-free incremental routing in ad hoc networks (2004)

We present the dynamic incremental routing (DIR) protocol, which features instantaneous loop-free routing of data packets based on their destination addresses (hop-by-hop routing). Loop-free routes are maintained by using "feasible distances" to order the nodes with respect to a destination. Simulation results show that the performance of DIR is much better than the performance of AODV, DSR and OLSR, which are indicative of the state of the art in routing protocols.
Pattern selection in high-dimensional parameter spaces (2012)

Pattern selection for OPC model calibration is frequently done by image parameter space (IPS) coverage methods. These ensure that the images of the chosen test patterns cover important regions of an n-dimensional parameter space spawned by image parameters, such as minimum and maximum intensity I_min, I_max, curvature, slope and image density. But such a small number of parameters is often insufficient for finding a good set of patterns for the calibration process. We present results for the extended nPS method which ensures coverage of a high dimensional parameter space with a high number of parameters, even permitting the use of all pixels of the aerial images (n >> 1000) as parameters.