gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Saline hydrides and superbases in organic reactions. VII. Potassium hydride, highly active new hydride reagent. Reactivity, applications, and techniques in organic and organometallic reactions (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSaline hydrides and superbases in organic reactions. VII. Potassium hydride, highly active new hydride reagent. Reactivity, applications, and techniques in organic and organometallic reactionsCharles Allan BrownCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 26, 3913–3918Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00940a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00940a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2631Altmetric-Citations166LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monolayer Solid-State Electrolyte for Electric Double Layer Gating of Graphene Field-Effect Transistors (2017)

The electrostatic gating of graphene field-effect transistors is demonstrated using a monolayer electrolyte. The electrolyte, cobalt crown ether phthalocyanine (CoCrPc) and LiClO<sub>4</sub>, is deposited as a monolayer on the graphene channel, essentially creating an additional two-dimensional layer on top of graphene. The crown ethers on the CoCrPc solvate lithium ions and the ion location is modulated by a backgate without requiring liquid solvent. Ions dope the channel by inducing image charges; the doping level (i.e., induced charge density) can be modulated by the backgate bias with the extent of the surface potential change being controlled by the magnitude and polarity of the backgate bias. With a crown ether to Li<sup>+</sup> ratio of 5:1, programming tests for which the backgate is held at -V<sub>BG</sub> shift the Dirac point by ∼15 V, corresponding to a sheet carrier density on the order of 10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. This charge carrier density agrees with the packing density of monolayer CoCrPc on graphene that would be expected with one Li<sup>+</sup> for every five crown ethers (at the maximum possible Li<sup>+</sup> concentration, 10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> is predicted). The crown ethers provide two stable states for the Li<sup>+</sup>: one near the graphene channel (low-resistance state) and one ∼5 Å away from the channel (high-resistance state). Initial state retention measurements indicate that the two states can be maintained for at least 30 min (maximum time monitored), which is 10<sup>6</sup> times longer than polymer-based electrolytes at room temperature, with at least a 250 Ω μm difference between the channel resistance in the high- and low-resistance states.
Aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use in elderly women: effects on a marker of bone resorption. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. (1997)

Regular use of either NSAID or aspirin by elderly women was not associated with reduction in N-telopeptide crosslink excretion compared to nonusers.
Photocoagulation of human retinal pigment epithelium <i>in vitro</i>: unravelling the effects on <scp>ARPE</scp>‐19 by transcriptomics and proteomics (2015)

By characterizing the transcriptional and translational effects of laser coagulation on the RPE cells in culture, we have revealed responses, which might contribute to some of the beneficial effects obtained by photocoagulation for ischaemia and vascular leakage in retinal vascular disease.
Need for Improved Definition of ”Chronic Wounds” in Clinical Studies (2017)

The term “chronic wound” was first used in the literature in the 1950s, to refer to wounds that were difficult to heal or did not follow a normal healing process (1, 2). However, the term has met criticism for its uncertainty regarding the duration of chronicity (3). Various alternative terminologies have been suggested, such as hard-to-heal wounds, difficult to heal wounds, non-healing wounds and complex wounds (4, 5). “Chronic wounds” are commonly defined as “wounds that have not proceeded through an orderly and timely reparation to produce anatomic and functional integrity after 3 months” (6). However, Martin & Nunan (7) defined a “chronic wound” as a barrier defect that has not healed in 3 months, and Leaper & Durani (8) defined it as a wound that lacks a 20–40% reduction in size after 2–4 weeks of optimal treatment or when there is not complete healing after 6 weeks. Recent reviews have also highlighted the lack of consensus regarding the definition of a “chronic wound” and the need for further research in this area (9, 10).
Chromatin conformation signatures of cellular differentiation (2009)

One of the major genomics challenges is to better understand how correct gene expression is orchestrated. Recent studies have shown how spatial chromatin organization is critical in the regulation of gene expression. Here, we developed a suite of computer programs to identify chromatin conformation signatures with 5C technology http://Dostielab.biochem.mcgill.ca. We identified dynamic HoxA cluster chromatin conformation signatures associated with cellular differentiation. Genome-wide chromatin conformation signature identification might uniquely identify disease-associated states and represent an entirely novel class of human disease biomarkers.
Tuning facial–meridional isomerisation in monometallic nine-co-ordinate lanthanide complexes with unsymmetrical tridentate ligands (2004)

The unsymmetrical tridentate benzimidazole–pyridine–carboxamide units in ligands L1–L4 react with trivalent lanthanides, LnIII, to give the nine-co-ordinate triple-helical complexes [Ln(Li)3]3+ (i = 1–4) existing as mixtures of C3-symmetrical facial and C1-symmetrical meridional isomers. Although the β13 formation constants are 3–4 orders of magnitude smaller for these complexes than those found for the D3-symmetrical analogues [Ln(Li)3]3+ (i = 5–6) with symmetrical ligands, their formation at the millimolar scale is quantitative and the emission quantum yield of [Eu(L2)3]3+ is significantly larger. The fac-[Ln(Li)3]3+ ⇌ mer-[Ln(Li)3]3+ (i = 1–4) isomerisation process in acetonitrile is slow enough for Ln = LuIII to be quantified by 1H NMR below room temperature. The separation of enthalpic and entropic contributions shows that the distribution of the facial and meridional isomers can be tuned by the judicious peripheral substitution of the ligands affecting the interstrand interactions. Molecular mechanics (MM) calculations suggest that one supplementary interstrand π-stacking interaction stabilises the meridional isomers, while the facial isomers benefit from more favourable electrostatic contributions. As a result of the mixture of facial and meridional isomers in solution, we were unable to obtain single crystals of 1 ∶ 3 complexes, but the X-ray crystal structures of their nine-co-ordinate precursors [Eu(L1)2(CF3SO3)2(H2O)](CF3SO3)(C3H5N)2(H2O) (6, C45H54EuF9N10O13S3, monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 4) and [Eu(L4)2(CF3SO3)2(H2O)](CF3SO3)(C4H4O)1.5 (7, C51H66EuF9N8O15.5S3, triclinic, P, Z = 2) provide crucial structural information on the binding mode of the unsymmetrical tridentate ligands.
Fast incremental circuit analysis using extracted hierarchy (1988)

The authors present an algorithm for extracting a two-level subnetwork hierarchy from flat netlists and its application to incremental circuit analysis in the COSMOS compiled switch-level simulator. Incremental operation is achieved by using the file system as a large hash table that retains information over many executions of the incremental analyzer. The hierarchy extraction algorithm computes a hash signature for each subnetwork by coloring vertices in a manner similar to wirelist-comparison programs, then identifies duplicates using standard hash-table techniques. Its application decreases the network preprocessing time for COSMOS by nearly an order of magnitude. >
Characterization of a prokaryotic SMC protein involved in chromosome partitioning (1998)

smc of Bacillus subtilis encodes a homolog of eukaryotic SMC proteins involved in chromosome condensation, pairing, and partitioning. A null mutation in B. subtilis smc caused a temperature-sensitive-lethal phenotype in rich medium. Under permissive conditions, the mutant had abnormal nucleoids, approximately 10% of the cells were anucleate, and assembly of foci of the chromosome partitioning protein Spo0J was altered. In combination with a null mutation in spo0J, the smc mutation caused a synthetic phenotype; cell growth was slower and approximately 25% of the cells were anucleate. Our results demonstrate that the B. subtilis Smc protein, like its eukaryotic counterpart, plays an important role in chromosome structure and partitioning.
Private Peer-to-peer similarity computation in personalized collaborative platforms (2013)

Dans cette thèse nous considérons une plate-forme de filtrage collaboratif distribué dans laquelle chaque pair héberge ses informations personnelles, comme les URL qu'il a aimé, les pages d'information qui ont attiré son intérêt ou les vidéos qu'il a regardé, sur sa propre machine. Ensuite, sans reposer sur un tiers fiable, le pair s'engage dans un protocole distribué combinant ses données personnelles avec celles d'autres pairs afin d'exécuter un filtrage collaboratif. L'objectif principal est d'être capable de recevoir des recommandations personnalisées ou d'autres services comme un moteur de recherche distribué et personnalisé. Les protocoles de filtrage collaboratif basés sur les utilisateurs, qui demandent de calculer des similarités entre les utilisateurs, ont été appliqués aux systèmes distribués. Comme le calcul de similarité entre les utilisateurs nécessite d'utiliser leurs profils privés personnels, cela lève de sérieuses inquiétudes quant à la vie privée. Dans cette thèse nous adressons le problème du calcul de similarités entre les pairs sur une plate forme collaborative. Notre travail fournit une primitive préservant la vie privée pour le calcul de similarité qui peut rendre les protocoles collaboratifs respectueux de la vie privée. Nous adressons le challenge unique qui est d'appliquer des techniques de préservation de la vie privée pour le calcul de similarité aux systèmes dynamiques à large échelle. En particulier, nous introduisons un protocole cryptographique bipartite qui assure la differential privacy, une notion forte de préservation de la vie privée. De plus, nous résolvons le problème du budget de vie privée qui empêcherait les pairs de calculer leur similarité plus d'un nombre fixe de fois en introduisant la notion de canaux anonymes bidirectionnels. Nous développons aussi une variante hétérogène de la differential privacy qui peut apporter différent niveaux de confidentialité pour différent utilisateurs, et même différent niveaux de confidentialité pour différents items du profile d'un même utilisateur, prenant ainsi en compte différentes attentes en terme de préservation de la vie privée. De plus, nous proposons un protocole non interactif qui est très efficace pour publier une représentation compacte et préservant la vie privée des profiles des utilisateurs qui peut être utilisée pour estimer la similarité. Enfin, nous étudions le problème de choisir un paramètre de vie privée à la fois théoriquement et empiriquement en créant plusieurs attaques par inférence qui démontrent pour quelles valeurs du paramètre de vie privée le niveau de vie privée fournis est acceptable.
Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Ethanol Sensitivity in BXD Recombinant Inbred Mice (2000)

These results suggest that ethanol sensitivity is determined by the actions of multiple genes and further suggest their general chromosomal map locations. These provisional linkages will now be confirmed or rejected using additional genetically segregating populations.
Leakage of thymidine kinase from proliferating cells (1988)

Conference Article| February 01 1988 Leakage of thymidine kinase from proliferating cells HEATHER BRISTOW; HEATHER BRISTOW 1Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, The University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar KIM O'NEILL; KIM O'NEILL 1Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, The University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar BERNADETTE MARY HANNIGAN; BERNADETTE MARY HANNIGAN 1Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, The University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar PATRICK GERALD McKENNA PATRICK GERALD McKENNA 1Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, The University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1988) 16 (1): 55–56. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0160055 Article history Received: June 19 1987 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation HEATHER BRISTOW, KIM O'NEILL, BERNADETTE MARY HANNIGAN, PATRICK GERALD McKENNA; Leakage of thymidine kinase from proliferating cells. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1988; 16 (1): 55–56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0160055 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: TK, thymidine kinase This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Biochemical Society1988 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Self-assembly into fibrils of collagen II by enzymic cleavage of recombinant procollagen II. Lag period, critical concentration, and morphology of fibrils differ from collagen I (1994)

A recently developed recombinant system for synthesis of human procollagen II by stably transfected host cells was used to prepare adequate amounts of protein to study the self-assembly of collagen II into fibrils. The procollagen II was cleaved to pCcollagen II by procollagen N-proteinase (EC 3.4.24.14), the pCcollagen II was chromatographically purified, and the pCcollagen II was then used as a substrate to generate collagen II fibrils by cleavage with procollagen C-proteinase. The kinetics for assembly of collagen II fibrils were similar to those observed previously for the self-assembly of collagen I in that a distinct lag phase was observed followed by a sigmoidal propagation phase. However, under the same experimental conditions, the lag time for assembly of collagen II fibrils was 5-6-fold longer, and the propagation rate for collagen II fibrils was about 30-fold lower than for collagen I fibrils. The relatively long lag time for the assembly of collagen II into fibrils made it possible to demonstrate that most of the conversion of pCcollagen II to collagen II occurred in the solution phase. The critical concentration at 37 degrees C for collagen II was about 50-fold greater than the critical concentration for collagen I. The Gibbs free energy change for the assembly of collagen II into fibrils was -40 kJ/mol, a value that was about 14 kJ/mol less than the free energy change for collagen I and about the same as the free energy change for the homotrimer of collagen I. Dark-field light microscopy and negative-staining electron microscopy demonstrated that the collagen II fibrils were thin and formed network-like structures. The results demonstrated, therefore, that the structural information of the monomer is sufficient to explain the characteristically small diameters and arcade-like geometry of collagen II fibrils found in cartilage and other tissues.
e-포트폴리오의 설계 및 활용에 관한 연구: 설계 기반 연구(Design-Based Research)의 관점으로 (2006)

웹기반 e-포트폴리오의 활용은 과거의 결과 지향적인 교수-학습의 방법을 지양하고, 학습 과정을 강조하는 구성주의적 학습 원리의 성행과 더불어 교육현장에서 활발하게 전개되고 있지만, 어떻게 활용해서 교육적인 효과를 극대화하겠냐는 의문을 중심으로 시작하는 연구는 드물다. 따라서 본 연구는 (1) 이미 많은 연구에서 지적하고 있는 e-포트폴리오의 기본 가정, 기저 이론, 장단점, 특성 등을 토대로 e-포트폴리오를 설계하고, (2) 이를 적용하여 실제 교육에서의 영향을 보고 이를 토대로 다시 재설계 재적용의 과정을 거침으로써, (3) e-포트폴리오의 설계 및 활용의 원리들을 도출하고자 한다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 위하여 설계 기반 연구 방법을 채택하여 두 학기 동안의 연구를 진행하였다. 첫 학기에는 문헌을 기반으로 설계된 예비교사들을 위한 티칭 e-포트폴리오를 활용해봄으로써 몇 가지 문제점을 도출하였고(상호작용 및 성찰의 부족 등), 이를 바탕으로 두 번째 학기 8주 동안은 재설계와 재적용을 거듭하였다. 그 결과 e-포트폴리오를 위한 인위적 상호작용 지원 장치의 필요성, 과제의 구조화, 교수자의 지원 등과 같은 e-포트폴리오의 설계 및 활용 전략을 도출하였다.
Use of esters of 2,5-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-4-hydroxythiophene dioxide in solid phase peptide synthesis. A new procedure for attachment of the first amino acid (1987)

R. Kirstgen, R. C. Sheppard and W. Steglich, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 1870 DOI: 10.1039/C39870001870
Motor Costs and the Coordination of the Two Arms (2014)

We have two arms, many muscles in each arm, and numerous neurons that contribute to their control. How does the brain assign responsibility to each of these potential actors? We considered a bimanual task in which people chose how much force to produce with each arm so that the sum would equal a target. We found that the dominant arm made a greater contribution, but only for specific directions. This was not because the dominant arm was stronger. Rather, it was less noisy. A cost that included unimanual noise and strength accounted for both direction- and handedness-dependent choices that young people made. To test whether there was a causal relationship between unimanual noise and bimanual control, we considered elderly people, whose unimanual noise is comparable in the two arms. We found that, in bimanual control, the elderly showed no preference for their dominant arm. We noninvasively stimulated the motor cortex to produce a change in unimanual strength and noise, and found a corresponding change in bimanual control. Using the noise measurements, we built a neuronal model. The model explained the anisotropic distribution of preferred directions of neurons in the monkey motor cortex and predicted that, in humans, there are changes in the number of these cortical neurons with handedness and aging. Therefore, we found that coordination can be explained by the noise and strength of each effector, where noise may be a reflection of the number of task-related neurons available for control of that effector in the motor cortex.
An online mechanism for ad slot reservations with cancellations (2009)

Many advertisers (bidders) use Internet systems to buy display advertisements on publishers' webpages or on traditional media such as radio, TV and newsprint. They seek a simple, online mechanism to reserve ad slots in advance. On the other hand, media publishers (sellers) represent a vast and varying inventory, and they too seek automatic, online mechanisms for pricing and allocating such reservations.We propose and study a simple model for auctioning such ad slot reservations in advance. A seller will display a set of slots at some point T in the future. Until T, bidders arrive sequentially and place a bid on the slots they are interested in. The seller must decide immediately whether or not to grant a reservation. Our model allows the seller to cancel at any time any reservation made earlier, in which case the holder of the reservation incurs a utility loss amounting to a fraction of her value for the reservation and may also receive a cancellation fee from the seller.Our main result is an online mechanism for allocation and pricing in this model with many desirable game-theoretic properties. It is individually rational. Winners have an incentive to be honest and bidding one's true value dominates any lower bid. Further, it bounds the earnings of speculators who are in the game to obtain the cancellation fees. The mechanism in addition has optimization guarantees. Its revenue is within a constant fraction of the a posteriori revenue of the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism which is known to be truthful (in the offline case). Our mechanism's efficiency is within a constant fraction of the a posteriori optimally efficient solution. If efficiency also takes into account the utility losses of bidders whose reservation was canceled, we show that our mechanism matches (for appropriate values of the parameters) an upper bound on the competitive ratio of any deterministic online algorithm.Our mechanism's technical core is a variant of the online weighted bipartite matching problem where unlike prior variants in which one randomizes edge arrivals or bounds edge weights, we may revoke previously committed edges.Our results make no assumptions about bidders' arrival order or value distribution. They still hold if we replace items with elements of a matroid and matchings with independent sets, or if all bidders have additive value for a set of items.
Nonsteroidal cardiotonics. 2. The inotropic activity of linear, tricyclic 5-6-5 fused heterocycles (1989)

We previously reported the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of adibendan (1), a potent and long-acting cardiotonic. This paper describes the synthesis of a novel series of linear, tricyclic fused heterocycles of the 5-6-5 type. The compounds were evaluated for positive inotropic activity in anesthetized rats, cats, and dogs. Changes in left ventricular dP/dt were measured as an index of cardiac contractility. The increase in contractility was not mediated via stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. The data revealed the intrinsic positive inotropic activity of the parent compound of this series, 5,7-dihydro-7,7-dimethylpyrrolo[2,3-f]benzimidazol-6(1H)-one (2). The structural features that impart optimal inotropic activity are presented and compared with those of the 4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone series. The most potent compounds were evaluated orally in conscious dogs with implanted Konigsberg pressure transducers to measure ventricular pressures, and their effect on left ventricular dP/dt was compared with that of 1, pimobendan, and indolidan. After administration of 1 mg/kg, 1, 3, 7, 19, 22, 24, 31, 54, pimobendan, and indolidan were equipotent, but only with 1, 31, pimobendan, and indolidan, durations of action exceeded 6 h.