gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Content Accessibility For Wikis And Blogs. (2009)

This paper aims to introduce a useful approach on the combined use of template based publishing tools (i.e. for blogs and wikis) and content personalization services. The approach considers that the original developers of web content have limited awareness on accessibility issues, and they are facilitated and guided by the editing interface. The publishing mechanism is responsible for storing web content in a flexible representation, where structured content is separated from the formatting information. Intermediate brokering services (i.e aggregators, mediators or simply the portal software) produce multiple versions of the same content in order to increase content accessibility. Finally, end-users are able to set their preferences on how the content will be presented and get a homogeneous representation of the community content. The different versions may comprise multiple languages, audio and text representations etc and be based on a single version of the original content. The structured nature of content produced by template based tools allows intermediate services to intervene and reproduce the original content in various formats and client tools to filter and present information according to user needs and capabilities. The paper presents the focal points of the suggested approach, details on the underlying architecture and presents the required supporting infrastructure.
Secondary Electrons in EUV Lithography (2013)

Secondary electrons play critical roles in several imaging technologies, including extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. At longer wavelengths of light (e.g. 193 and 248 nm), the photons are directly involved in the photochemistry occurring during photolysis. EUV light (13.5 nm, 92 eV), however, first creates a photoelectron, and this electron, or its subsequent daughter electrons create most of the chemical changes that occur during exposure. Despite the importance of these electrons, the details surrounding the chemical events leading to acid production remain poorly understood. Previously reported experimental results using high PAG-loaded resists have demonstrated that up to five or six photoacids can be generated per incident photon. Until recently, only electron recombination events were thought to play a role in acid generation, requiring that at least as many secondary electrons are produced to yield a given number of acid molecules. However, the initial results we have obtained using a Monte Carlo-based modeling program, LESiS, demonstrate that only two to three secondary electrons are made per absorbed EUV photon. A more comprehensive understanding of EUV-induced acid generation is therefore needed for the development of higher performance resists.
Mouse <i>Cdx-1</i> expression during gastrulation (1993)

We describe the expression pattern of the mouse Cdx-1 gene during early development, examined by both RNA and protein analyses. Cdx-1 expression began with the onset of the head process formation (day 7.5) in ectodermal and mesodermal cells of the primitive streak. Expression extended initially to the middle of the prospective hindbrain and subsequently regressed caudad to the spinal cord level by day 9.5. The mesoderm-specific expression was detected in the first somites and could be followed during their differentiation to the myotome of the dorsal somitic edge by day 12. The developing limb buds and the mesonephros exhibited expression up to day 12. No signal could be detected in notochordal cells and cells of the definitive endoderm. Thus, Cdx-1 is expressed during gastrulation when anterior-posterior positional values are established along the embryonic axes. Furthermore, the expression correlates with the formation of segmented tissue in the posterior hindbrain, the spinal cord and structures like the mesonephros.
LocateMe (2013)

Fine-grained localization is extremely important to accurately locate a user indoors. Although innovative solutions have already been proposed, there is no solution that is universally accepted, easily implemented, user centric, and, most importantly, works in the absence of GSM coverage or WiFi availability. The advent of sensor rich smartphones has paved a way to develop a solution that can cater to these requirements. By employing a smartphone's built-in magnetic field sensor, magnetic signatures were collected inside buildings. These signatures displayed a uniqueness in their patterns due to the presence of different kinds of pillars, doors, elevators, etc., that consist of ferromagnetic materials like steel or iron. We theoretically analyze the cause of this uniqueness and then present an indoor localization solution by classifying signatures based on their patterns. However, to account for user walking speed variations so as to provide an application usable to a variety of users, we follow a dynamic time-warping-based approach that is known to work on similar signals irrespective of their variations in the time axis. Our approach resulted in localization distances of approximately 2m--6m with accuracies between 80--100% implying that it is sufficient to walk short distances across hallways to be located by the smartphone. The implementation of the application on different smartphones yielded response times of less than five secs, thereby validating the feasibility of our approach and making it a viable solution.
The beginning of a genetic analysis of recombination proficiency (1967)

Recombination-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli have been isolated as members of a class showing reduced ability to mother recombinants when crossed with a given Hfr strain. All those showing less than one-tenth the ability of their immediate ancestors in mothering merodiploids have been eliminated from consideration, as have those strains of reduced fertility with only one donor strain. The remainder are all more sensitive to ultraviolet light (UV) than were their immediate ancestors; differences in levels of sensitivity are evident. Mutants have been isolated from two distantly related ancestors, and the sets of mutants from each are divisible into three phenotypic groups. The strains in the first group are the least UV-sensitive (UVs), and lambda lysogens of these show normal spontaneous induction. The strains in the second and third groups are more UVs than those in Group 1, and lysogens of these show abnormally low spontaneous induction. Groups 2 and 3 are separable by their levels of fertility with the Hfr strain (KL16) found to transfer the rec+ allele of some of the strains early in conjugation. The strains more fertile with KL16 are in Group 2, and those less fertile are in Group 3. Two mutants (JC1553 and AB2463) of different parentage but both in phenotypic Group 2 have been analyzed by transduction; and a single mutation probably determines both their mutant UVs and Rec− phenotypes. When the mutants of different parentage are arranged together, a continuous ranking of fertilities is observed. Preliminary complementation tests show no complementation between those mutations carried by strains in Group 2 and Group 3 which have been tested. Complementation has been observed between those mutations carried by strains in Group 1 and those carried by strains in Groups 2 and 3.
A Rainfall Intensity-Duration Threshold for Landslides in a Humid-Tropical Environment, Puerto Rico (1993)

Landslides are triggered by factors such as heavy rainfall, seismic activity, and construction on hillslopes. The leading cause of landslides in Puerto Rico is intense and/or prolonged rainfall. A rainfall threshold for rainfall-triggered landsliding is delimited by 256 storms that occurred between 1959 and 1991 in the central mountains of Puerto Rico, where mean annual rainfall is close to or in excess of 2,000 mm. Forty one of the 256 storms produced intense and/or prolonged rainfall that resulted in tens to hundreds of landslides. A threshold fitted to the lower boundary of the field defined by landslide-triggering storms is expressed asI = 91.46 D-0.82where I is rainfall intensity in millimeters per hour, and D is duration in hours. Landslide-producing storms occurred at an average rate of 1.2 per year. In general the landslides triggered by short-duration, high-intensity rainfall events were mainly shallow soil slips and debris flows, while the long-duration, low-intensity rainfall produced larger, deeper debris avalanches and slumps. For storms that had durations of up to 10 h, landsliding did not occur until rainfall intensity was as much as three times as high as the rainfall intensity reported as sufficient to trigger landsliding in temperate regions. As storm durations approach 100 h, the rainfall conditions necessary to initiate landsliding in Puerto Rico converge with those defined for temperate regions. A comparison of the Puerto Rico threshold with rainfall data from other humid-tropical regions suggests that the threshold developed for Puerto Rico may be applicable to other similar environments throughout the world.
Network Endpoint Assessment (NEA) Problem Statement (2006)

Network Endpoint Assessment (NEA) architectures have been implemented
in the industry, e.g. [TNC, NAP, NAC], to assess the software or
hardware configuration of endpoint devices for the purposes of
monitoring compliance of endpoints to an organization's policy for
access to the network, and optionally restricting or denying access
until the endpoint has been updated to satisfy the requirements. While
these architectures share common components and interfaces to support
network endpoint assessment, these components are not interoperable
because not all required protocols are standards. This document
describes the problem these architectures are intending to address,
defines common terminology and concepts, and identifies interfaces
that are candidates for standardization.
Plastic Surgery in Infancy and Childhood (1972)

Part 1 Head and neck: cleft lip and palate orthodontics in cleft lip and palate facial clefts deformities of the jaws lips, tongue and floor of mouth the orbital region Down's syndrome encephalocoele hydrocephalus craniosynostosis craniofacial dysostosis orbital hypertelorism congenital deformities of the nose reconstruction of microtia and acquired auricular defects correction of prominent ears buried mattress sutures skull and midface injuries mandible and dental injuries nasal reconstruction tumours of the jaws tumours of the orbit facial atrophy hemifacial hypertrophy facial paralysis the neck congenital defects of the scalp psychological management of children with facial deformity the use of 3-D imaging in facial deformity. Part 2 Trunk: spina bifida reconstruction of the spinal canal by osteomuscular flaps hypospadias epispadias and exstrophy of the bladder hermaphroditism and problems of sexual definition sacrococcygeal teratoma, dermal sinus and postanal pits breast and chest wall deformities. Part 3 Limbs. Part 4 General: cutaneous, melanocytic naevus vascular anomalies burns tissue expansion microsurgery anaesthesia. Index.
On-Engine Turbocharger Performance Considering Heat Transfer (2012)

The carbamate pyridostigmine bromide has been used as a pretreatment to protect individuals from the nerve agent soman. Previous research showed that pyridostigmine significantly protected human muscle acetylcholinesterase in vitro from soman and bovine red blood cell acetylcholinesterase from some organophosphorous pesticides. Research presented here demonstrates that pretreatment with other carbamates also protects acetylcholinesterase from inhibition by the pesticides chlorpyrifos-oxon and diazinon-oxon, but not from malaoxon.
Solar absorber material and system designs for photothermal water vaporization towards clean water and energy production (2018)

This comprehensive review provides a guide to design photothermal materials and systems for solar-driven water evaporation addressing the water–energy nexus.
Predictors of Sustained Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Children Who Suffer Non-Traumatic out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Central and Southern Taiwan (2008)

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) poses difficult challenges. Predictors for an increased chance of survival in adult have been defined but not well addressed in children, especially these data were lacking in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to present the demographics and determine the predictors of sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in children with non-traumatic OHCA in Taiwan.
Methods: This retrospective study comprised 95 children ＜18 years who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) with OHCA in two medical centers of central and southern Taiwan. Children were divided into six age groups. Demographics including pre-hospital and in-hospital information were addressed. Variables comprising sustained ROSC and non-ROSC children were compared to determine the predictors of outcomes. Time-related survival analysis included the chance of achieving sustained ROSC was analyzed according to the different in-hospital CPR durations.
Results: The most common etiology was asphyxia and the majority of age group was infant group. Predictors of sustained ROSC were the period from scene to hospital (P=0.004), performing pre-hospital basic life support (P＜0.001), the place of cardiac arrest (P＜0.001), the mode of transportation (P=0.034), the use of automated external defibrillator (P＜0.001), initial cardiac rhythm (P=0.007) and in-hospital CPR duration (P=0.001). Most children (71%) achieved sustained ROSC in the ED within 20 min of inhospital CPR duration. We found that as the in-hospital CPR duration progressed, the chance of sustained ROSC decreased (P＜0.001).
Conclusions: Several predictors of achieving sustained ROSC in the ED were determined from pre-hospital and in-hospital information, respectively. Furthermore, the chance of sustained ROSC decreased when in-hospital CPR duration progressed. Most importantly, we suggest in-hospital CPR duration of non-traumatic OHCA children should not shorter than 20 min.
The crystal structure of the C-terminal fragment of striated-muscle α-tropomyosin reveals a key troponin T recognition site (2002)

Contraction in striated and cardiac muscles is regulated by the motions of a Ca(2+)-sensitive tropomyosin/troponin switch. In contrast, troponin is absent in other muscle types and in nonmuscle cells, and actomyosin regulation is myosin-linked. Here we report an unusual crystal structure at 2.7 A of the C-terminal 31 residues of rat striated-muscle alpha-tropomyosin (preceded by a fragment of the GCN4 leucine zipper). The C-terminal 22 residues (263-284) of the structure do not form a two-stranded alpha-helical coiled coil as does the rest of the molecule, but here the alpha-helices splay apart and are stabilized by the formation of a tail-to-tail dimer with a symmetry-related molecule. The site of splaying involves a small group of destabilizing core residues that is present only in striated muscle tropomyosin isoforms. These results reveal a specific recognition site for troponin T and clarify the physical basis for the unique regulatory mechanism of striated muscles.
Integrated microfluidic capillary in a waveguide resonator for chemical and biomedical sensing (2009)

A novel microfluidic sensing device based on waveguide cavity filters is proposed for the characterisation, detection of cells in solution and chemical substances in micro-litre volumes. The sensor consists of a micromachined microfluidic channel within a waveguide-based resonator localised increased near-fields and could potentially be designed for different frequency regimes to improve the sensitivity. The present sensor has been proposed for fabrication in different manufacturing platforms and an initial prototype with a 100μm micromachined channel that is embedded within an X-band E-plane waveguide has been fabricated and tested. The design methodology for the microfluidic channel and the E-plane filter is also presented.
Atomic force microscopy tip noise induced by adhesion, nanoindentation and fracture (2004)

This study performs molecular dynamics simulations in order to clarify the atomic-scale stick–slip behaviour commonly observed when performing surface measurements using an atomic force microscope (AFM). In investigating the surface effects of adhesion, contact deformation, nanoindentation and fracture which occur when a diamond tip interacts with a copper surface, this study considers that both the substrate and the tip deform. The theoretically predicted dynamic behaviour of the AFM cantilever tip includes tip oscillation and noise induced by adhesion, nanoindentation and fracture effects. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to clarify the atomic-scale friction mechanisms associated with surface deformation and to investigate the dynamic behaviour of the tip during AFM surface measurement. The relative influences of the adhesion, nanoindentation and fracture effects upon the stick–slip phenomenon are investigated.
Acoustic echo control for high quality audio teleconferencing (2003)

The authors describe an acoustic echo control system offering high-quality audio teleconferencing. A novel type of acoustic echo control combining linear echo cancelling with nonlinear harmonic processing is proposed. Using a signal decorrelation algorithm and subband echo canceller, convergence properties faster than those of the normalized least mean square algorithm for colored signals have been obtained, and a large-tap-length FIR (finite impulse response) echo canceller has been implemented. Experimental prototype hardware has been realized and examined in a real acoustic field. Excellent echo cancellation and fast convergence properties have been obtained. Good howling protection characteristics and robust properties for howling protection under acoustic echo path variations have been confirmed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Radiation effects on magnetic bubble domain devices (1973)

The effect of nuclear radiation on garnet film material parameters and bubble domain devices has been studied both during and after irradiation. The materials investigated include CVD grown Y <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> (FeGa) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> , Er <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> (FeGa) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> and LPE grown (YGdTm) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> (FeGa) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> films. The devices were different shift registers fabricated on ion implanted, non implanted and double layer YGdTmGaIG LPE films and GaErIG CVD films. Permanent damage on the material parameters caused by the irradiation were determined by measuring the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4\piM_{s}, \sigma_{w}, l, \mu_{w}, H_{c}, V_{s}</tex> and defect density before and after each irradiation, while the device performances were studied by comparing the propagation and annihilation margin and the detector signal. The irradiation sources included neutrons from a nuclear reactor and gamma rays from a Co <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sup> source. No significant Variation due to irradiation was found in any of the measurements for neutron irradiation up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> n/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 1 MeV equivalent and gamma irradiation up to 50 Mrads. Transient stability of information stored in a bubble memory was tested by writing information into different shift registers and then bombarding these registers with a high energy (∼1.5 McV) pulsed electron beam. The results indicate there is no loss of data for a dose rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> rads in a 30 ns pulse.
Significant progress in predicting the crystal structures of small organic molecules – a report on the fourth blind test (2009)

We report on the organization and outcome of the fourth blind test of crystal structure prediction, an international collaborative project organized to evaluate the present state in computational methods of predicting the crystal structures of small organic molecules. There were 14 research groups which took part, using a variety of methods to generate and rank the most likely crystal structures for four target systems: three single-component crystal structures and a 1:1 cocrystal. Participants were challenged to predict the crystal structures of the four systems, given only their molecular diagrams, while the recently determined but as-yet unpublished crystal structures were withheld by an independent referee. Three predictions were allowed for each system. The results demonstrate a dramatic improvement in rates of success over previous blind tests; in total, there were 13 successful predictions and, for each of the four targets, at least two groups correctly predicted the observed crystal structure. The successes include one participating group who correctly predicted all four crystal structures as their first ranked choice, albeit at a considerable computational expense. The results reflect important improvements in modelling methods and suggest that, at least for the small and fairly rigid types of molecules included in this blind test, such calculations can be constructively applied to help understand crystallization and polymorphism of organic molecules.
Biological Characteristics of Bacillus thuringiensis strain B-Hm-16 and identification of its cry-type genes (2007)

Bacillus thuringiensis strain B-Hm-16 was isolated from diseased insect in China.It's toxicity against Plutella xylostella,Spodoptera exigua,Helicoverpa armigera,Mythimna separata and Mamestra brassicae.The strain B-Hm-16 produced crystals composed of 130 kDa proteins.Results of esterase pattern identification showed that B-Hm-16 was the same as standard strains of B.t.subsp.galleriae and B.t.subsp.kurstaki.Biochemical reaction indicated that B-Hm-16 was identical with B.t.subsp.aizawai.Results of cry-type gene identification showed that B-Hm-16 contained cry1Ab and cry9Ea genes,but it did not contain cry2,cry3,cry4,cry5,cry8 and cry11 genes.