gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composition and Spectra of Materials (2010)

18.1 Glass Structure The descriptions of glass types in this book are largely based on the descriptions by Clement. The Sellmeier coefficients are derived from vendor data as cited in ZEMAX™. The wavelength increment of the Sellmeier index is 1%. The transmission data are also derived from vendor data over 25 mm of internal transmission, as cited in ZEMAX. A glass is a random network of fused inorganic material. It may be considered the amorphous form of a ceramic. Crystallization is defeated by a sufficient rate of cooling for the viscosity of the glass. A glass with thick viscosity may cool slowly due to the poor mobility of the components. A glass with low viscosity must cool rapidly before crystals grow. 18.2 Crown A krone, or crown (K), is basically soda lime glass: SiO<sub>2</sub>—CaO—Na<sub>2</sub>O, where silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) is derived from sand, sodium oxide (Na2O) is derived from soda, and calcium oxide (CaO) is derived from lime. Soda lime glass might also contain potassium oxide (K<sub>2</sub>O), which is derived from potash (K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>). The silicate is a glass network former. Sodium oxide and calcium oxide are network modifiers that lower the melting point and the viscosity, respectively. Diversity in glass defeats crystallization and promotes homogeneity in the glass melt. Silica is the base network of most glass. A borosilicate krone (BK) is frequently described as SiO<sub>2</sub>—B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>—M<sub>2</sub>O, where the alkali metal oxide (M<sub>2</sub>O) is a network modifier, such as sodium oxide (Na<sub>2</sub>O) and potassium oxide (K<sub>2</sub>O).
Corporate Social Responsibility for Community or Business: Incidence from Odisha (2011)

IJAR - Indian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR) IJAR is a double reviewed monthly print journal that accepts research works from scholars, academicians, professors, doctorates, lecturers, and corporate in their respective expertise of studies.
Two‐Dimensional Wafer‐Scale Chemical Mechanical Planarization Models Based on Lubrication Theory and Mass Transport (1999)

The effects of the variation of chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process parameters on slurry hydrodynamics and removal rate are studied using physically based models. The two models which are developed to describe and fundamentally understand the CMP process are (i) the lubrication model for slurry flow and (ii) the mass transport model for material removal. The mass transport model is developed for copper CMP. Conditions for stable operation and reduced wafer scratching are identified from the lubrication model. The mass transport model takes into account the chemical reaction at the wafer surface, the slurry flow hydrodynamics, and the presence of abrasive particles. The polish rates predicted by the model agree well with those measured experimentally. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
F3/F11 cell surface molecule expression in the developing mouse cerebellum is polarized at synaptic sites and within granule cells (1992)

The distribution of the F3/F11 neuronal cell surface molecule was investigated in the developing and adult mouse cerebellum by immunocytochemistry at the light and electron microscopic levels. F3/F11 was confined to subsets of neuronal types, since the Purkinje cell body and dendritic arborization as well as the stellate cells were not immunoreactive. In the young developing cerebellum, the granule cell axons strongly express F3/F11 as soon as they begin to grow, consistent with a functional role in promoting directional outgrowth of neuronal processes. In 10-d-old and adult cerebella, the granule cell bodies and dendrites were not immunoreactive whereas the parallel fibers, which are the granule cell axons, were labeled including in their presynaptic varicosities. By contrast, dendrites, cell bodies, and axons of Golgi cells were labeled by anti-F3 antibodies. Hence, F3/F11 can either be expressed throughout the cell or be polarized to the axons. This raises the question of how segregation of the glypiated F3/F11 molecule between different subcellular compartments depending on the type of neuron is achieved. F3/F11 was found to be present at three types of synaptic sites, suggesting that it might play a role in the formation and maintenance of synapses. However, in each type of synpase, F3/F11 was present at only the pre- or postsynaptic site, never at both: the parallel fiber varicosities contained F3/F11 whereas the postsynaptic compartment in contact, that is, the Purkinje cell dendritic spines, did not. The granule cell dendrites were unlabeled while the mossy fiber terminals contacting them were immunoreactive, and finally, the Golgi cell dendrites and dendritic spines were labeled while the presynaptic compartment contacting them was not. If F3/F11 functions as an adhesion molecule in vivo as indicated by in vitro assays, F3/F11-mediated adhesion is likely to be heterophilic.
CT-RBAC: A Temporal RBAC Model with Conditional Periodic Time (2007)

Many emerging applications show the need for a fine-grained context based access control requirements. The generalized temporal RBAC model has been proposed to capture fine-grained time-based access control requirements using periodic time expression to capture recurring intervals of time. In this paper, we present conditional temporal RBAC (CT-RBAC) model that extends GTRBAC model by extending the periodic time expression. In particular, the extension allows fine-grained extension to capture other logical conditions that restricts the validity of the temporal constraints. CT-RBAC uses a symbolic representation of conditional periodic time that can be used to define a set of conditions to qualify the components of a periodic time expression, using the concurrent transaction logic. Because of the conditional set introduced, CT-RBAC extends the time control dimension to the (condition, time) control plane and the (time, constraint) plane of the GTRBAC framework to the (condition, time, constraint) three-dimensional control space, thus providing more flexibility in the access control model. We analyze conflicts introduced by the constraint set and the complexity of evaluating the conditional set.
SensorAct: A Decentralized and Scriptable Middleware for Smart Energy Buildings (2015)

Buildings, with their different subsystems interacting with diverse occupants, constitute a complex Cyber-Physical-Human infrastructure. Monitoring and controlling this complex ecosystem is essential both for efficient and optimized operations of building subsystems and for influencing the occupant behavior. A critical enabling technology in this case is a middleware system for buildings that can provide support for deriving rich inferences by fusing and analyzing intentionally acquired or opportunistically available data from diverse embedded sensors, human feedback, and existing building subsystems. This paper presents Sensor Act, a Scriptable middleware system architecture for energy management applications in buildings. In addition to providing support for managing and integrating heterogeneous sensing and actuation systems in buildings, Sensor Act provides two emerging features: (1) a scripting framework for application developers to extend and automate the various energy management functions of the buildings, and (2) a rule-based sensor data and control sharing mechanism for fine-grained sharing for building owners. We describe the detailed system architecture and design, and provide proof of concept through multiple third party applications built using Sensor Act APIs and deployment in diverse settings across India and United States. Sensor Act is released in open source for community use.
A 180mV FFT processor using subthreshold circuit techniques (2004)

Minimizing energy requires scaling supply voltages below device thresholds. Logic and memory design techniques allowing subthreshold operation are developed and demonstrated. The fabricated 1024-point FFT processor operates down to 180mV using a standard 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS logic process while using 155nJ/FFT at the optimal operating point.
Catalytic Enantioselective Mannich-Type Reactions Using a Novel Chiral Zirconium Catalyst (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCatalytic Enantioselective Mannich-Type Reactions Using a Novel Chiral Zirconium CatalystHaruro Ishitani, Masaharu Ueno, and Shū KobayashiView Author Information Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science Science University of Tokyo (SUT) CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 30, 7153–7154Publication Date (Web):July 30, 1997Publication History Received17 February 1997Published online30 July 1997Published inissue 1 July 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja970498dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja970498drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2678Altmetric-Citations264LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldol reactions,Catalysts,Enolates,Lewis acids,Oxides Get e-Alerts
Radiative cooling by tailoring surfaces with microstructures (2018)

We propose in this article a method to generate radiative coolers which are reflective in the solar spectrum and emissive in the transparency window of the atmosphere (8-13 $μ$m). We choose an approach combining thermal control capacity of gratings and multi-layers. We use optimized BN, SiC and SiO 2 gratings, which have emissivity peak in the transparency window. We place under these gratings a metal/dielectric multi-layer structure to obtain a near perfect reflectivity in the solar spectrum and to enhance the emissivity in the transparency window. The optimized structures produce a good radiative cooling power density up to 80 W.m --2 .
Protocatechuic Aldehyde Represses Proliferation and Migration of Breast Cancer Cells through Targeting C-terminal Binding Protein 1 (2020)

Our findings demonstrated that PA directly bound to CtBP1 and inhibited the growth and migration of breast cancer cells through CtBP1 inhibition. Structural modifications of PA are further required to enhance its binding affinity and selectivity for CtBP1.
Chemoprevention of skin cancer by grape constituent resveratrol: relevance to human disease? (2005)

According to the World Cancer Report, skin cancer constitutes approximately 30% of all newly diagnosed cancers in the world, and solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation (particularly, its UVB component; 290-320 nm) is an established cause of approximately 90% of skin cancers. The available options have proven to be inadequate for the management of skin cancers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop mechanism-based novel approaches for prevention/therapy of skin cancer. In this study, we evaluated the chemopreventive effects of resveratrol against UVB radiation-mediated skin tumorigenesis in the SKH-1 hairless mouse model. For our studies, we used a UVB initiation-promotion protocol in which the control mice were subjected to chronic UVB exposure (180 mJ/cm2, twice weekly, for 28 weeks). The experimental animals received either a pretreatment (30 min before each UVB) or post-treatment (5 min after UVB) of resveratrol (25 or 50 micro mole/0.2 ml acetone/mouse). The mice were followed for skin tumorigenesis and were killed at 24 h after the last UVB exposure, for further studies. The topical application of skin with resveratrol (both pre- and post- treatment) resulted in a highly significant 1) inhibition in tumor incidence, and 2) delay in the onset of tumorigenesis. Interestingly, the post-treatment of resveratrol was found to impart equal protection than the pretreatment; suggesting that resveratrol-mediated responses may not be sunscreen effects. Because Survivin is a critical regulator of survival/death of cells, and its overexpression has been implicated in several cancers, we evaluated its involvement in chemoprevention of UVB-mediated skin carcinogenesis by resveratrol. Our data demonstrated a significant 1) up-regulation of Survivin (both at protein- and mRNA- levels), 2) up-regulation of phospho-Survivin protein, and 3) down-regulation of proapoptotic Smac/DIABLO protein in skin tumors; whereas treatment with resveratrol resulted in the attenuation of these responses. Our study also suggests that resveratrol enhanced apoptosis in UVB-exposure-mediated skin tumors. Our study, for the first time, demonstrated that 1) resveratrol imparts strong chemopreventive effects against UVB exposure-mediated skin carcinogenesis (relevant to human skin cancers), and 2) the chemopreventive effects of resveratrol may, at least in part, be mediated via modulations in Survivin and other associated events. On the basis of our work, it is conceivable to design resveratrol-containing emollient or patch, as well as sunscreen and skin-care products for prevention of skin cancer and other conditions, which are believed to be caused by UV radiation.
Bayesian graph edit distance (2000)

This paper describes a novel framework for comparing and matching corrupted relational graphs. The paper develops the idea of edit-distance originally introduced for graph-matching by Sanfeliu and Fu (1983). We show how the Levenshtein distance (1966) can be used to model the probability distribution for structural errors in the graph-matching problem. This probability distribution is used to locate matches using MAP label updates. We compare the resulting graph-matching algorithm with that recently reported by Wilson and Hancock. The use of edit-distance offers an elegant alternative to the exhaustive compilation of label dictionaries. Moreover, the method is polynomial rather than exponential in its worst-case complexity. We support our approach with an experimental study on synthetic data and illustrate its effectiveness on an uncalibrated stereo correspondence problem. This demonstrates experimentally that the gain in efficiency is not at the expense of quality of match.
Getting the whole picture: combining throughput with content in microscopy (2011)

The increasing availability and performance of automated scientific equipment in the past decades have brought about a revolution in the biological sciences. The ease with which data can now be generated has led to a new culture of high-throughput science, in which new types of biological questions can be asked and tackled in a systematic and unbiased manner. High-throughput microscopy, also often referred to as high-content screening (HCS), allows acquisition of systematic data at the single-cell level. Moreover, it allows the visualization of an enormous array of cellular features and provides tools to quantify a large number of parameters for each cell. These features make HCS a powerful method to create data that is rich and biologically meaningful without compromising systematic capabilities. In this Commentary, we will discuss recent work, which has used HCS, to demonstrate the diversity of applications and technological solutions that are evolving in this field. Such advances are placing HCS methodologies at the frontier of high-throughput science and enable scientists to combine throughput with content to address a variety of cell biological questions.
Three-dimensional online customization ordering system (2004)

With the increasingly intensive market competition and the demand for individualized products from customers, a new pattern for manufacturing, mass customization, is therefore emerging. We propose an architecture to construct a three-dimensional e-commerce Web site which supports mass customization. Online product information is represented as VRML models, which are based on related CAD data and come up through conversion process. With the enhanced interaction functions, customers can customize the products as they like and view the results in real time through a Web browser. The system takes 3 tier architecture and adopts RM1 to communicate between client and server. We have also developed supporting tools, which are incorporated with PDM system, to facilitate enterprises to publish their product catalogues. These tools define the customizable product information in XML documents and can automatically generate all the resources to construct such a 3D Web site based on predefined template. We have built a prototype of online order system for beach vehicle. The results make us believe that the proposed system has potential to be practical, which may need some improvement.
Monte Carlo study of the effects of system geometry and antiscatter grids on cone‐beam CT scatter distributions (2013)

A fast MC simulator combining GPU acceleration with variance reduction provided a systematic examination of a range of CBCT configurations in relation to scatter, highlighting the magnitude and spatial uniformity of individual scatter components, illustrating tradeoffs in CNR and artifacts and identifying the system geometries for which grids are more beneficial (e.g., MSK) from those in which an extended geometry is the better defense (e.g., C-arm head imaging). Compact geometries with an antiscatter grid challenge assumptions of slowly varying scatter distributions due to increased contribution of Rayleigh scatter.
Effect of Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia on Implanted Melanoma in Mouse Models. (2016)

FNPs are biocompatible and have a good size for biomedical applications. However, for MFH approach, larger diameters especially in the range of ferromagnetic particles due to hysteresis loss can induce efficient heat in the target region.
Nonparametric factor analysis with beta process priors (2009)

We propose a nonparametric extension to the factor analysis problem using a beta process prior. This beta process factor analysis (BP-FA) model allows for a dataset to be decomposed into a linear combination of a sparse set of factors, providing information on the underlying structure of the observations. As with the Dirichlet process, the beta process is a fully Bayesian conjugate prior, which allows for analytical posterior calculation and straightforward inference. We derive a varia-tional Bayes inference algorithm and demonstrate the model on the MNIST digits and HGDP-CEPH cell line panel datasets.
Partialsynthesen am Phenanthren‐Gerüst variierter Dehydroabietylamin‐ und ‐guanidin‐Derivate (1969)

Abstract Partialsynthesen durch Variation von Dehydroabietylamin ( 2 ) und Dehydroabietylguanidin ( 1 ) in 6‐, 7‐, 10‐, 12‐, 13‐ und 14‐Position werden beschrieben. Dabei werden benzylische Oxydation, Aromaten‐Substitution und benzylische Epimerisierung am Octahydrophenanthren‐Gerüst verwendet.
NMDA antagonist MK-801 prevents long-lasting non-associative morphine tolerance in the rat (1992)

<b>OBJECTIVE.</b> The purpose of this article is to discuss quantitative methods of CT, MRI, and ultrasound (US) for noninvasive staging of hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic fibrosis is the hallmark of chronic liver disease (CLD), and staging by random liver biopsy is invasive and prone to sampling errors and subjectivity. Several noninvasive quantitative imaging methods are under development or in clinical use. The accuracy, precision, technical aspects, advantages, and disadvantages of each method are discussed. <b>CONCLUSION.</b> The most promising methods are the liver surface nodularity score using CT and measurement of liver stiffness using MR elastography or US elastography.
Phenotypic Heterogeneity of the Endothelium (2007)

Endothelial cells, which form the inner cellular lining of blood vessels and lymphatics, display remarkable heterogeneity in structure and function. This is the second of a 2-part review on the phenotypic heterogeneity of blood vessel endothelial cells. The first part discusses the scope, the underlying mechanisms, and the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, these principles are applied to an understanding of organ-specific phenotypes in representative vascular beds including arteries and veins, heart, lung, liver, and kidney. The goal is to underscore the importance of site-specific properties of the endothelium in mediating homeostasis and focal vascular pathology, while at the same time emphasizing the value of approaching the endothelium as an integrated system.
Feasibility of visualizing higher regions of Shannon entropy in atrial fibrillation patients (2015)

Catheter ablation is associated with limited success rates in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), which is mostly maintained by rotors that are located outside of pulmonary veins (PV) region. None of the currently available commercial mapping systems can accurately predict the rotor location outside of PV in patients with persistent AF. Experimental verification of the feasibility of using Shannon entropy (SE) based mapping technique based on symbolic dynamics approach to identify pivotal points of rotors in isolated rabbit hearts was performed. This mapping approach was applied to clinical intracardiac electrograms from a patient with persistent AF to construct a 3-dimensional (3D) SE map. Our results demonstrate that SE can correctly predict the pivot point of the rotor in animal model. We also demonstrated the feasibility of generating 3D SE maps using current catheter mapping methods to identify active rotor sites that may maintain AF. Higher SE areas are noted at the base of right atrial appendage. Further clinical studies are needed to validate ablation of areas with high SE with outcomes.
Wide-area power oscillation damping control in Nordic equivalent system (2010)

A study is presented on power oscillation damping (POD) control using wide area measurements applied to a single static var compensator (SVC). An equivalent power system model representing key characteristics of the Nordic power system is used. Feedback signals from remote phasor measurement units (PMUs) in Norway and Finland are used to damp the critical inter-area modes through a large SVC unit located in south-east Norway. A comparison between two control design approaches: (i) model-based POD (MBPOD) – dependant on accurate system model and (ii) indirect adaptive POD (IAPOD) – which relies only on measurements – is made. For MBPOD an optimisation approach is used to obtain the parameters of the controller while the IAPOD is based on online Kalman filter estimation and adaptive pole-shifting control. It is shown that the IAPOD yields almost similar performance as the MBPOD with very little prior information about the system. The performance comparison is verified for several tie-line outages.