gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic detection of sleep macrostructure based on bed sensors (2009)

This study analyses the spectral components of the heart rate fluctuations of a new contact-less technology for sleep evaluation. Both heart beat interval (HBI) and movement activity were extracted from the multichannel ballistocardiographic (BCG) measurements, based on Emfit sensor foils placed into bed mattress. Powers spectral densities (PSD) of HBI have been compared with the ones obtained from the standard ECG during sleep stage 2. In addition, spectral features obtained from the contact-less technology and standard ECG has been used to automatically classify the sleep macrostructure through a time-varying autoregressive model and a Hidden Markov Model. Whole night recordings from six subjects were analyzed in this study. Spectral components did not show significant differences between the two measurements. Further, contactless technology achieved a total accuracy of 83 % and kappa index of 0.42, while standard ECG achieved an accuracy of 84 % and kappa index of 0.43 when compared to clinical sleep staging from polysomnography.
Ras/MAP Kinase Pathway Is Associated with the Control of Myotube Formation but not Myofibril Assembly in Quail Myoblasts Transformed with Rous Sarcoma Virus. (2001)

Tyrosine kinase activity of v-Src from Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) inhibits the differentiation of quail myoblasts. To clarify the inhibitory mechanism, we focused on the signaling pathways from v-Src. When the activation of the Ras/MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase pathway was inhibited by a dominant-negative mutant of Ras or PD98059, a specific inhibitor of p42 MAP kinase kinase, differentiation was restored; muscle specific proteins were expressed and myotubes formed even under active conditions of v-Src. Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13-kinase), showed no effects on the inhibition by v-Src. These findings suggest that v-Src activates the Ras/MAP kinase signaling pathway, but not the P13-kinase pathway, and inhibits the differentiation. However, the myotubes derived from the dominant-negative Ras did not form actin fibers, suggesting that myofibril assembly is regulated by other pathway(s) from v-Src.
Development of an energy storage tank model (2012)

A linearized, one-dimensional finite difference model employing an implicit finite difference method for energy storage tanks is developed, programmed with MATLAB, and demonstrated for different applications. A set of nodal energy equations is developed by considering the energy interactions on a small control volume. The general method of solving these equations is described as are other features of the simulation program. Two modeling applications are presented: the first using a hot water storage tank with a solar collector and an absorption chiller to cool a building in the summer, the second using a molten salt storage system with a solar collector and steam power plant to generate electricity. Recommendations for further study as well as all of the source code generated in the project are also provided.
The relationship between the spread and the funds rate (1994)

Bank reserves; Federal funds market (United States); Interest rates; Monetary policy; Gross domestic product
Autoantibody profiling to follow evolution of lupus syndromes (2012)

In addition to demographic features, autoantibody profiles using an expanded array of specificities were correlated with the risk of progressive disease in patients with lupus. These findings suggest the feasibility of developing a simple diagnostic that could be applied by nonspecialists to screen for lupus and permit effective triage for specialty care.
Ultra-thin electromagnetic bandgap absorbers synthesized via genetic algorithms (2004)

A design methodology is presented for utilizing electromagnetic bandgap meta-materials, also known as artificial magnetic conductors, to realize ultra-thin absorbers. One approach that has recently been proposed is to place a resistive sheet in close proximity to a frequency selective surface acting as an artificial magnetic conductor. However, we demonstrate that incorporating the loss directly into the frequency selective surface can eliminate the additional resistive sheet, thereby further reducing the overall thickness of the absorber. A genetic algorithm is used to optimize the geometrical structure and corresponding resistance of the lossy frequency selective surface in order to achieve the thinnest possible design. Two examples of genetically engineered electromagnetic bandgap meta-material absorbers are presented and discussed.
Autonomous Dynamic Frequency Selection for WLANs Operating in the TV White Space (2011)

This paper describes the challenges of frequency channel selection for WLANs operating in the TV White Space (TVWS) and proposes a dynamic frequency selection (DFS) technique as a solution. Based on the statistics gained from past usage experience of channels, of the TVWS channels' vacancies and channel occupation by the adjacent WLANs, each WLAN evaluates and prioritize the channels independently using a priority function. Then by selecting the channel of the highest priority among vacant channels, each WLAN can quickly find a channel in the low interference regime and whose vacancy is adaptive to its traffic load distribution as well. Performance of the proposed DFS is evaluated through simulation using QualNet, based on TVWS channels with realistic feature and by setting the weight factors of different metrics in the priority function to different values. The evaluation results show that compared to conventional DFS, the proposed DFS avoids adjacent APs selecting the same channel and reduces channel switch rate, and is more adaptive to diverse environments. As a consequence, it maximally reduces total time consumption of channel switch by 40% than random selection.
Metabolic responses to pyruvate kinase deletion in lysine producing Corynebacterium glutamicum (2008)

The metabolic flux analysis performed illustrates the high flexibility of the metabolic network of C. glutamicum to compensate for external perturbation. The organism could almost maintain its growth and production performance through a local redirection of the metabolic flux, thereby fulfilling all anabolic and catabolic needs. The formation of the undesired overflow metabolites dihydroxyacetone and glycerol, in the deletion mutant, however, indicates a limiting capacity of the metabolism down-stream of their common precursor glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and opens possibilities for further strain engineering.
Phenotypic Diversity in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (1988)

Twenty-nine strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato ( P . s. tomato) that represented the temporal and geographical diversity of this pathogen were tested for pathogenicity on tomato, carbohydrate utilization, bacteriophage sensitivity, fatty acid composition and plasmid profile. The extent of phenotypic diversity observed within P. s. tomato depended on the trait examined; the strains were similar in pathogenicity, carbohydrate utilization and fatty acid content, whereas greater diversity was found in bacteriophage sensitivity and the plasmid profiles. A classification scheme for P. s. tomato plasmids based on both size and DNA homology is proposed. The array of phenotypic traits clearly differentiated all the strains of P . s. tomato examined from six strains of P. syringae pv. syringae, with carbohydrate utilization and fatty acid analyses being the most reliable.
Cellulose degradation by<i>Clostridium thermocellum</i>: From manure to molecular biology (1992)

Clostridium thermocellum, a Gram-positive, thermophilic anaerobe produces a highly active cellulase system. This system, termed the cellulosome, is a complex composed of at least 14–18 different types of components organized around a large, cellulose-binding protein. Combining recombinant DNA technology and protein biochemistry has proved to be a successful approach in unravelling some important features of the system.
High Transparency of Classically Opaque Metallic Films (1985)

It is demonstrated, both theoretically and experimentally, that a classically opaque metallic film can appear highly transparent when the conditions are established for the incident electromagnetic wave to excite coupled surface modes on both sides of the film.
Acupuncture treatment in 102 cases of chronic prostatitis. (1988)

Les points choisis sont le Huiyang (nB35) et le Shenshu (stimulation du plexus nerveux de la region pelvienne). La guerison a ete obtenue dans 46,1% des cas. Un echec a ete note dans 15,7% des cas
Acoustic ray tracing in moving inhomogeneous fluids (1973)

Null geodesics of the metric tensor formed from the coefficients of the second-order terms in the partial differential equation for sound are interpreted as the space-time path histories of sound pulses in a geometric ray trace theory for sound propagation in moving inhomogeneous inviscid fluids.
On-Chip Magnetic Particle Transport by Alternating Magnetic Field Gradients (2004)

We have demonstrated an on-chip magnetic bead transport device based on a set of two tapered current conductors. We have fabricated and tested two types of devices. Both devices are capable of trapping single magnetic microbeads and guiding them along a defined magnetic track. We examined scaling of the basic repetitive element and found good agreement among experiment, theory, and simulations. This novel magnetic transport mechanism opens possibilities for controlled manipulation of magnetically labeled biomolecules.
Cyclic Siloxanes With Mesogenic Side Groups (1991)

Abstract Cyclic liquid crystalline siloxanes (CLCS) are optical uniaxial positive (SA, N) and negative (N*) materials in accordance with calamitic structures. X-Ray measurements indicate, that the distances of SA layers correspond with the length of the monomer unit. In the case of mesogens with high polarity the distance is 1.7 fold the length of the monomer unit. A bundle model is proposed for CLC siloxanes.
Beyond 100Gbit/s: System implications towards 400G and 1T (2010)

400G and 1Tbit/s optical transmission will surely benefit from the advances in modulation techniques developed for 100Gbit/s. However, it is required a profound system re-thinking to realize transmission beyond 100G over long-haul wavelength-switched networks.
The role of hardness and roughness on the wear of different CoCrMo counterfaces on UHMWPE for artificial joints (2011)

Wear tests were carried out to study the effect of the hardness and roughness with various counterface materials on UHMWPE wear behaviour. The materials used as counterfaces were based on varieties of CoCrMo: 1) forged (hand-polished) CoCrMo, 2) forged (mass-finished) CoCrMo, and 3) cast (mass-finished) CoCrMo. Additionally, two coatings were proposed: 1) a CoCrMo coating applied to the forged CoCrMo alloy by means of physical vapour deposition (PVD), and 2) a ZrO2 coating applied to the forged CoCrMo alloy by means of plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD). The reciprocating pin-on-flat (RPOF) device for pin-on-disk wear testing was used for this study. The worn surfaces were observed using optical, atomic force and scanning electron microscopes.
Technique for measuring dynamically the dimensional stability of a flexible magnetic storage disk (1981)

The tracking ability of a read/write head on a flexible disk is largely determined by the dynamic and dimensional stabilities of the substrate. Dimensional changes are caused by thermal and hygroscopic expansion/contraction as well as time-dependent shrinkage due to stress relaxation. High-performance tracking system design requires knowledge of the substrate expansion characteristics including mean coefficients, anisotropy and anisotropy frequency spectrum. Efforts to study and control these changes require techniques which provide for their rapid and precise measurement. Methods previously employed have proven either coarse or difficult to apply. This paper describes a novel technique which facilitates the rapid collection of relatively precise data on dimensional changes. The technique, which depends upon a magnetic recording surface being present on the substrate, involves a pair of corresponding skewed core gaps in a single head. Magnetic transitions are prerecorded in closely located tracks; subsequent dimensional changes in the substrate are manifested by timing differences in the signals read by the head. Examples of data from several PET films are presented and clearly illustrate their anisotropic thermal and hygroscopic expansion behavior.
Clinical features and treatment outcome of children with myeloid antigen positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. (1997)

Leukemic cells from a significant number of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) express protein antigens characteristic of both lymphoid and myeloid cells, yet the clinical significance of this immunophenotype has remained controversial. In the current study, we have determined relationships between myeloid antigen expression and treatment outcome in a large cohort of children with newly diagnosed ALL. A total of 1,557 children enrolled on risk-adjusted Children's Cancer Group studies were classified as myeloid antigen positive (My+) or myeloid antigen negative (My-) B-lineage ALL (BL) or T-lineage ALL (TL), according to expression of CD7, CD19, CD13, and CD33 antigens on the surface of their leukemic cells. My+ patients in both BL and TL groups were more likely than My- patients to have favorable presenting features. Induction therapy outcome was similar for My+ and My- patients in both the BL and TL categories. Importantly, 4-year event-free survival (EFS) was similar for My+ BL (77.0%, standard deviation [SD] = 4.0%) versus My- BL (75.9%, SD = 1.8%) and for My+ TL (72.7%, SD = 7.1%) versus My- TL (70.1%, SD = 5.7%). An overall relative hazard rate (RHR) of 0.89 (P = .49) was determined by a cross strata analysis for My+ versus My- patients. Moreover, similar EFS and RHR also were found when My+ and My- BL patients were compared according to National Cancer Institute risk classification. Thus, patients with My+ ALL have similar treatment outcomes as My- ALL patients. In contrast to previous studies, this result was independent of treatment risk category, demonstrating that myeloid antigen expression was not an adverse prognostic factor for childhood ALL.
Molecular approach for nanophase metal oxide catalysts (1997)

A molecular approach for designing nanophase Ce{sub 1-x}M{sub x}O{sub 2-{delta}} based catalysts efficient for redox gas reactions, such as emission control, is presented. Oxygen vacancies in solid solutions of doped CeO{sub 2} can be designed to achieve a more active catalyst for the reaction of SO{sub 2} and CO to produce S and CO{sub 2}. Ca-doping lowers the light-off temperature for the reaction by some 70{degrees}C. By tailoring the properties of oxygen vacancies, such as sizes, chemical moieties, and binding energies it is possible to improve the catalytic activity of the catalyst.
INDO-1 Measurements of Absolute Resting and Light-Induced Ca<sup>2+</sup>Concentration in<b><i>Drosophila</i></b>Photoreceptors (1996)

Absolute Ca2+ levels in dissociated Drosophila photoreceptors were measured using the ratiometric indicator dye INDO-1 loaded via patch pipettes, which simultaneously recorded whole-cell currents. In wild-type photoreceptors, the ultraviolet (UV) excitation light used to measure fluorescence elicited a massive Ca2+ influx that saturated the dye (>10 microM Ca2+), but lagged the electrical response by 2.8 msec. Resting Ca2+ levels in the dark, measured during the latent period before the response, averaged 160 nM in normal Ringer's (1.5 mM Ca2+). Ca2+ increases in response to weak illumination were estimated (1) by using a weak adapting stimulus before the UV excitation light and measuring Ca2+ during the latent period; and (2) by using ninaE mutants with greatly reduced rhodopsin levels. Ca2+ rose linearly as a function of the time integral of the light-sensitive current with a slope of 2.7 nM/pC. In the transient receptor potential (trp) mutant, which lacks a putative light-sensitive channel subunit, the slope was only 1.1 nM/pC, indicating a 2.5-fold reduction in the fractional Ca2+ current. From these data, it can also be estimated that >99% of the Ca2+ influx is effectively buffered by the cell. In Ca2+-free Ringer's, resting cytosolic Ca2+ was reduced (to 30-70 nM), but contrary to previous reports, significant light-induced increases (approximately 250 nM) could be elicited. This rise was reduced to <20 nM when extracellular Na+ was replaced with N-methyl-D-glucamine, suggesting that it could be attributed to Na+ influx altering the Na/Ca exchanger equilibrium. It is concluded that any light-induced release from internal stores amounts to <20 nM.
A deblocking algorithm for JPEG compressed images using overcomplete wavelet representations (1997)

This paper introduces a new approach to deblocking of JPEG compressed images using overcomplete wavelet representations. By exploiting cross-scale correlations among wavelet coefficients, edge information in the JPEG compressed images is extracted and protected, while blocky noise in the smooth background regions is smoothed out in the wavelet domain. Compared with the iterative methods reported in the literature, our simple wavelet-based method has much lower computational complexity, yet it is capable of achieving the same peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) improvement as the best iterative method and giving visually very pleasing images as well.
N-Deacetylation of<i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i>Nod Factors Increases Their Stability in the<i>Medicago sativa</i>Rhizosphere and Decreases Their Biological Activity (2000)

Nod factors excreted by rhizobia are signal molecules that consist of a chitin oligomer backbone linked with a fatty acid at the nonreducing end. Modifications of the Nod factor structures influence their stability in the rhizosphere and their biological activity. To test the function of N-acetyl groups in Nod factors, NodSm-IV(C16:2,S) from Sinorhizobium meliloti was enzymatically N-deacetylated in vitro with purified chitin deacetylase from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. A family of partially and completely deacetylated derivatives was produced and purified. The most abundant chemical structures identified by mass spectrometry were GlcN(C16:2)-GlcNAc-GlcNH2-GlcNAc(OH)(S), GlcN(C16,2)-GlcNAc-GlcNH2-GlcNH2(OH)(S), and GlcN(C16:2)-GlcNH2-GlcNH2-GlcNH2(OH)(S). In contrast to NodSm-IV(C16:2,S), the purified N-deacetylated derivatives were stable in the rhizosphere of Medicago sativa, indicating that the N-acetyl groups make the carbohydrate moiety of Nod factors accessible for glycosyl hydrolases of the host plant. The N-deacetylated derivatives displayed only a low level of activity in inducing root hair deformation. Furthermore, the N-deacetylated molecules were not able to stimulate Nod factor degradation by M. sativa roots, a response elicited by active Nod factors. These data show that N-acetyl groups of Nod factors are required for biological activity.
Towards an efficient switch architecture for high-radix switches (2006)

The interconnection network plays a key role in the overall performance achieved by high performance computing systems, also contributing an increasing fraction of its cost and power consumption. Current trends in interconnection network technology suggest that high-radix switches will be preferred as networks will become smaller (in terms of switch count) with the associated savings in packet latency, cost, and power consumption. Unfortunately, current switch architectures have scalability problems that prevent them from being effective when implemented with a high number of ports. In this paper, an efficient and cost-effective architecture for high-radix switches is proposed. The architecture, referred to as partitioned crossbar input queued (PCIQ), relies on three key components: a partitioned crossbar organization that allows the use of simple arbiters and crossbars, a packet-based arbiter, and a mechanism to eliminate the switch-level HOL blocking. Under uniform traffic, maximum switch efficiency is achieved. Furthermore, switch-level HOL blocking is completely eliminated under hot-spot traffic, again delivering maximum throughput. Additionally, PCIQ inherently implements an efficient congestion management technique that eliminates all the network-wide HOL blocking. On the contrary, the previously proposed architectures either show poor performance or they require significantly higher costs than PCIQ (in both components and complexity).
The treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type I with free radical scavengers: a randomized controlled study (2003)

To compare the effects of two free radical scavengers, dimethylsulfoxide 50% (DMSO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), for treatment of complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I), a randomized, double-dummy controlled, double-blind trial was conducted. Two outpatient clinics of two university hospitals in The Netherlands participated in the study and 146 patients, were included over a period of 24 months. Patients were randomized into two treatment groups, one was instructed to apply DMSO 50% five times daily to the affected extremity, the second was treated with NAC 600mg effervescent tablets three times daily, both combined with placebo. Interventions were accompanied by pain medication, occupational therapy for upper extremity CRPS I and physical therapy for lower extremity CRPS I in specific circumstances. Treatment was given for 17 weeks, with a possibility to continue or switch medication after this period, up to 1 year following the onset of treatment. An impairment level sum score was the primary outcome measure. Upper and lower extremity skills and functions, and general health status were also evaluated. Overall, no significant differences were found between NAC and DMSO after 17 and 52 weeks on impairment level and general health status. Significant differences were found for subscores of lower extremity function, in favor of DMSO-treatment. Subgroup analysis showed more favorable results for DMSO for warm CRPS I and significantly better performance of NAC for patients with a cold CRPS I. Results tended to be negatively influenced if the duration of the complaint was longer. Treatment with DMSO and NAC are generally equally effective in treatment of CRPS I. Strong indications exist for differences in effects for subgroups of patients with warm or cold CRPS I: for warm CRPS I, DMSO-treatment appears more favorable, while for cold CRPS I, NAC-treatment appears to be more effective.
Perhalogenated Carba‐<i>closo</i>‐dodecaborate Anions as Ligand Substituents: Applications in Gold Catalysis (2013)

Bigger and better! The single-component zwitterionic gold catalyst formed by the coordination of a phosphine ligand bearing an inert and noncoordinating carborane substituent, CB11Cl11−, to an AuI ion exhibited the highest reported activity for the hydroamination of alkynes with amines (see scheme). The highest turnover number observed for hydroamination with this catalyst exceeded a stunning 95 000. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.