gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radio Telescopes (1963)

My life has been an interesting voyage. I became an astronomer because I could not imagine living on Earth and not trying to understand how the Universe works. My scientific career has revolved around observing the motions of stars within galaxies and the ...Read More
Performance analysis of spatial smoothing with interpolated arrays (1993)

The interpolated spatial smoothing algorithm is a computationally efficient method for estimating the directions of arrival (DOAs) of signals, some of which may be perfectly correlated. It extends the spatial smoothing method to arbitrary array geometries. A statistical performance analysis of the algorithm is presented. Closed-form expressions for the covariance matrix of the DOA estimation errors are derived using a perturbation analysis. Evaluating these expressions for specific cases and comparing them to the Cramer-Rao lower bound for the DOA estimates provides insight into the statistical efficiency of this algorithm. The formulas for the error covariance are quite general and can be specialized to provide results for other DOA estimation algorithms as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Common Driving Notification Protocol Based on Classified Driving Behavior for Cooperation Intelligent Autonomous Vehicle Using Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network Technology (2015)

Abstract A protocol, called common driving notification protocol (CDNP), is proposed based on the classified driving behavior for intelligent autonomous vehicles, and it defines a standard with common messages and format for vehicles. The common standard format and definitions of CDNP packet make the autonomous vehicles have a common language to exchange more detail driving decision information of various driving situations, decrease the identification time for one vehicle to identify the driving decisions of other vehicles before or after those driving decisions are performed. The simulation tools, including NS- 3 and SUMO, are used to simulate the wireless data packet transmission and the vehicle mobility; the experiment results present that the proposed protocol, CDNP, can increase the reaction preparing time with maximum value 250 seconds, decrease the identification time and the average travel time. Prospectively, it is decided to implement the CDNP as a protocol stack in the Linux kernel to provide the basic protocol capability for real world transmission testing.
Pathways of ionic flow through human skin in vivo (1984)

The pathways of electric current have been examined with special electrodes and methods. The results indicate that the flow through ordinary stratified stratum corneum is negligible, and that the dominant ionic path is through the sweat duct units. Here the cells of interest may be oriented perpendicular to the main stratified orientation of the skin, and this may affect the methods and interpretations of absorption/permeability studies.
Logic synthesis from a hardware description language (1989)

Describes the benefits of synthesizing from a hardware description language (HDL). The features of an HDL which make it suitable as a front-end for a synthesis tool are also illustrated using a simple circuit which has been coded up in the HDL ELLA. Comparisons are made between declarative languages, in particular ELLA, and imperative languages, particularly C-based HDLs. This paper gives an up to data appreciation of the most advanced commercially available synthesis systems and highlights the factors involved in choosing between them.
Preussomerins and Deoxypreussomerins: Novel Inhibitors of Ras Farnesyl-Protein Transferase (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreussomerins and Deoxypreussomerins: Novel Inhibitors of Ras Farnesyl-Protein TransferaseSheo B. Singh, Deborah L. Zink, Jerrold M. Liesch, Richard G. Ball, Michael A. Goetz, Evon A. Bolessa, Robert A. Giacobbe, Keith C. Silverman, Gerald F. Bills, and Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 21, 6296–6302Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00100a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00100a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views308Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Broadband Complex Refractive Indices of Ice and Water (1972)

A critical survey of the literature is presented. An empirical model of the complex refractive indices for ice and liquid water is constructed from this review. The model is applicable from -20 degrees C to 0 degrees C for ice and from -20 degrees C to 50 degrees C for water. The spectral interval for which the model applies extends from 2 micro, to several thousand kilometers in wavelength for ice and from 2 micro to several hundred meters in wavelength for water.
The natural course of chronic hepatitis C: implications for clinical practice (1998)

Hepatitis C is an important public health problem with high rates of chronic infection ensuing after viral acquisition. The spectrum of the disease ranges from mild to severe chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Extra-hepatic manifestations may occur. The disease is complex and predictions about long-term prognosis for individual patients remain difficult. It is generally accepted that 10-20% of patients with chronic hepatitis C will develop cirrhosis within 10 years of first infection: identifying the group of patients at greatest risk remains a primary challenge for clinicians. Older age of infection, duration of infection, degree of liver inflammation at first biopsy and cofactors such as alcohol abuse, all appear to be predictors of a poorer prognosis. The following paper aims to identify some of the features of the natural history of hepatitis C most relevant to the clinician.
Growth Characteristics of V Factor-Independent Transformants of Haemophilus influenzae (1993)

Haemophilus influenzae is a V factor-dependent species. A plasmid conferring V factor independence in Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Haemophilus ducreyi was transferred to plasmid-free H. influenzae Rd by DNA transformation. The growth characteristics of the transformants in a complex and a chemically defined medium were compared, and the ability of several exogenous pyridine nucleotides and precursors to support growth was examined. Although the transformants appeared to be V factor independent in a complex medium, in a chemically defined medium they exhibited both V factor-dependent and nicotinamide-dependent growth. Because of the inability of the plasmid-free H. influenzae Rd to utilize nicotinamide for growth, it was concluded that the genes conferring this function were plasmid linked. Our results indicate that the V factor requirement, as it is presently defined, is not suitable to serve as a definitive taxonomic criterion for species determination in the family Pasteurellaceae.
Vitronectin at sites of cell-substrate contact in cultures of rat myotubes. (1986)

Affinity-purified antibodies to the serum glycoprotein, vitronectin, were used to study sites of cell-substrate contact in cultures of rat myotubes and fibroblasts. Cells were removed from the substrate by treatment with saponin, leaving fragments of plasma membrane attached to the glass coverslip. When stained for vitronectin by indirect immunofluorescence, large areas of the substrate were brightly labeled. The focal contacts of fibroblasts and the broad adhesion plaques of myotubes appeared black, however, indicating that the antibodies had failed to react with those areas. Contact sites within the adhesion plaque remained unlabeled after saponin-treated samples were extracted with Triton X-100, or after intact cultures were sheared with a stream of fixative. These procedures expose extracellular macromolecules at the cell-substrate interface, which can then be labeled with concanavalin A. In contrast, when samples were sheared and then sonicated to remove all the cellular material from the coverslip, the entire substrate labeled extensively and almost uniformly with anti-vitronectin. Extracellular molecules associated with substrate contacts were also studied after freeze-fracture, using a technique we term "post-release fracture labeling." Platinum replicas of the external membrane were removed from the glass with hydrofluoric acid to expose the extracellular material. Anti-vitronectin, bound to the replicas and visualized by a second antibody conjugated to colloidal gold, labeled the broad areas of close myotube-substrate attachment and the nearby glass equally well. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that vitronectin is present at all sites of cell-substrate contact, but that its antigenic sites are obscured by material deposited by both myotube and fibroblast cells.
Design of Drag-type Vertical Axis Miniature Wind Turbine Using Arc Shaped Blade (2006)

This study is to develop a system of electric power generation utilizing the wind resources available in the domestic wind environment. We tested drag-type vertical wind turbine models, which have two different types of blades: a flat plate and circular arc shape. Through a performance test, conditions of maximum rotational speed were found by measuring the rpm of wind turbine. The rotational speed was measured by a tachometer in a wind tunnel and the tunnel wind speed was by using a pitot-static tube and a micro manometer. The performance test for a prototype was accomplished by calculating power, power coefficient, torque coefficient from the measurement of torque and rpm by a dynamometer controller. From the measurements for miniature turbine models with two different blades, the circular arc shape was found to produce a maximum rotational speed for the same wind velocity condition. Based on this result, the prototype with the circular arc blade was made and tested. We found that it produces 500W at the wind velocity of 10.8 m/s and the power coefficient was 20%.
LIGO laser intensity noise suppression (2004)

In order to meet the strain sensitivity requirements of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), the laser amplitude noise must be reduced to a level of 1 × 10−8 δP/P, in the bandwidth between 40 and 100 Hz, before injection into the interferometer. This paper describes the control system implemented to meet this goal.
Temperature distributions in tumor models heated by self-regulating nickel-copper alloy thermoseeds (1984)

Needle-shaped thermoseeds have been manufactured from an alloy consisting of 70.4% nickel and 29.6% copper. The magnetic properties of the alloy were measured at various temperatures and from this the heating power produced by a thermoseed exposed to an electromagnetic induction field was computed as a function of the seed temperature. Calorimetric measurements were also performed. From these data, temperature distributions in simple tumor models assumed to be heated by an array of nickel-copper implants were computed. It was found that the nickel-copper implants produce substantially better temperature homogeneity than readily available constant power seeds, especially in tumors with unpredictable rates of blood perfusion or when the implant arrangement is not perfectly regular. Since such conditions are likely to be present in actual patients, the nickel-copper implants should be very useful in clinical hyperthermia.
Convolution/superposition using the Monte Carlo method (2003)

The convolution/superposition calculations for radiotherapy dose distributions are traditionally performed by convolving polyenergetic energy deposition kernels with TERMA (total energy released per unit mass) precomputed in each voxel of the irradiated phantom. We propose an alternative method in which the TERMA calculation is replaced by random sampling of photon energy, direction and interaction point. Then, a direction is randomly sampled from the angular distribution of the monoenergetic kernel corresponding to the photon energy. The kernel ray is propagated across the phantom, and energy is deposited in each voxel traversed. An important advantage of the explicit sampling of energy is that spectral changes with depth are automatically accounted for. No spectral or kernel hardening corrections are needed. Furthermore, the continuous sampling of photon direction allows us to model sharp changes in fluence, such as those due to collimator tongue-and-groove. The use of explicit photon direction also facilitates modelling of situations where a given voxel is traversed by photons from many directions. Extra-focal radiation, for instance, can therefore be modelled accurately. Our method also allows efficient calculation of a multi-segment/multi-beam IMRT plan by sampling of beam angles and field segments according to their relative weights. For instance, an IMRT plan consisting of seven 14 x 12 cm2 beams with a total of 300 field segments can be computed in 15 min on a single CPU, with 2% statistical fluctuations at the isocentre of the patient's CT phantom divided into 4 x 4 x 4 mm3 voxels. The calculation contains all aperture-specific effects, such as tongue and groove, leaf curvature and head scatter. This contrasts with deterministic methods in which each segment is given equal importance, and the time taken scales with the number of segments. Thus, the Monte Carlo superposition provides a simple, accurate and efficient method for complex radiotherapy dose calculations.
Measurement of steady-state minority-carrier transport parameters in heavily doped n-type silicon (1987)

The relevant hole transport and recombination parameters in heavily doped n-type silicon under steady state are the hole diffusion length and the product of the hole diffusion coefficient times the hole equilibrium concentration. These parameters have measured in phosphorus-doped silicon grown by epitaxy throughout nearly two orders of magnitude of doping level. Both parameters are found to be strong functions of donor concentration. The equilibrium hole concentration can be deduced from the measurements. A rigid shrinkage of the forbidden gap appears as the dominant heavy doping mechanism in phosphorus-doped silicon.
Facile preparation of Fe nanochains and their electromagnetic properties (2013)

Fe nanochains were prepared by a simple, accessible and pollution-free chemical reduction method. When the concentrations of the reagents were changed, many types of Fe nanochains and Fe nanoparticles of 100 nm in diameter were obtained. Excellent chain-structures of Fe nanochains could be prepared. The microwave absorption properties of the Fe nanochains were researched. The minimum reflection loss reaches −20.4 dB, and the effective microwave absorption band (RL < −10) covers 13.0–17.4 GHz. The influences of different nano-Fe morphologies on their microwave absorption properties were discussed in detail.
Charge compensation study of molecular beam epitaxy grown SrS:Ce (1997)

A study is reported of the codoping of SrS:Ce by Ag and Cu in order to achieve charge compensation of the trivalent Ce atom. Both Ag and Cu codoping produced a blue shift in the photoluminescence spectra and much higher electroluminescent device performance. These improvements were attributed to the substitutional incorporation of Ag and Cu onto the Sr lattice site which minimized the vacancy formation and provided charge compensation.
Biosynthetic Thiolase from Zoogloea ramigera (1987)

The thiolase involved in biosynthesis of poly-&hydroxybutyrate in Zoogloea ramigera generates an acetyl-enzyme species during catalysis. Up to 0.86 [‘“C] acetyl edsubunit of this homotetrameric enzyme is accumulated by acid precipitation in the presence of [14C]acetyl-CoA. Gel filtration of the same solutions produced only 7% acetyl-enzyme suggesting hydrolytic lability of the acetyl-enzyme during the 10-min isolation at 4 OC. In an effort to identify active site residues which may function as basic groups to deprotonate at C-2 of acetyl-coA to generate the required nucleophilic equivalent in carbon-carbon bond formation, we have prepared and tested haloacetyl-thioesters, oxoesters, and amides in the panthetheine pivalate series (Davis, J. T., Moore, R. N., Imperiali, B., Pratt, A. J., Kobayashi, K., Masamune, S., Sinskey, A. J., and Walsh, C. T. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 82-89). The [I‘CIbromoacetyl-oxoester alkylatively inactivates thiolase irreversibly with stoichiometric incorporation of four labels/tetramer. Determination of amino acid composition of the radiolabeled tryptic peptide indicated trapping of Cys-89 (Peoples, 0. P., Masamune, S., Walsh, C. T., and Sinskey, A. J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 97-102), the same residue modified by iodoacetamide. When the bromoacetyl-thioester was used, inactivation was pH-dependent. The data are consistent with the competition of two processes, acylation, and alkylation. Direct (rather than secondary) alkylation of thiolase by the inactivator accounts for the significant I4C incorporation into thiolase with the thioester labeled with [I4C] in the pantetheine pivalate moiety. It appears likely that the haloacetyl analogs described herein should be generally useful for affinity labeling other enzymes using acetyl-coA as a substrate.
Host Range Comparisons of Five Serotypes of Caliciviruses (1977)

Two new serotypes of San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV), designated SMSV-4 and SMSV-5, were studied in vivo and in vitro. The host cell spectrums were compared with SMSV-1, SMSV-2, and vesicular exanthema of swine virus type A-48. Based on the result of these broad host spectrums, a numerical scoring system was devised for ranking each virus on the basis of its potential for infecting terrestrial mammals, including the important domestic species.
Scheinberg v. Smith: Toward Recognition of Minors' Constitutional Right to Privacy in Abortion Decisions (1982)

On October 1, 1981, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the decision of the district court in Scheinberg v. Smith,'that the parental consent provisions of the Florida Medical Practice Act regarding abortion, unconstitutionally invaded a woman's right to privacy.
Recombinant human GM-CSF enhances T cell-mediated cytotoxic function after ABMT for hematological malignancies. (1993)

The interactions of GM-CSF with cells of lymphoid lineage are not well understood and their clinical use has been focused on the acceleration of hematopoietic recovery. However, several reports have shown that human GM-CSF can affect certain T lymphocyte in vitro cytotoxic functions. To assess whether recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) has a more broadly based activity in the immune system, we studied its in vivo effects on endogenously-generated killer function in patients undergoing ABMT for hematologic malignancies. Eleven patients received rhGM-CSF after ABMT: eight received rhGM-CSF as a 2-h infusion daily from days +3 to +17 and three received rhGM-CSF until reaching > 500 x 10(6)/l granulocytes. Eight patients not enrolled in the rhGM-CSF therapy protocol served as controls. Natural killer (NK) cell activity and activated killer (AK) cell activity were studied before conditioning, during rhGM-CSF therapy and after withdrawal of GM-CSF. rhGM-CSF therapy does not affect NK activity. Circulating lymphocytes with the ability to kill AK-sensitive targets appear spontaneously in control ABMT patients. AK activity was 1.6 +/- 0.8% before ABMT increasing to 9 +/- 2.5% and 14 +/- 2.1% at 2 and 3 weeks after ABMT, respectively (p = 0.002). In rhGM-CSF-treated patients this phenomenon also occurs. AK activity increased from 2.4 +/- 1.5% before ABMT to 33.6 +/- 8.1% during rhGM-CSF administration (p = 0.001) and 17.5 +/- 3.4% after withdrawal (p = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Program Improvement by Source-to-Source Transformation (1977)

The use of source-to-source program transformations has proved valuable in improving program performance. The concept of program manipulation is elucidated by describing its role in both conventional optimization and high level modification of conditional, looping, and procedure structures. An example program fragment written in an Algol-like language is greatly improved by transformations enabled by a user-provided assertion about a data array. A compilation model based on the use of source-to-source program transformations is used to provide a framework for discussing issues of code generation, compilation of high level languages such as APL, and eliminating overhead commonly associated with modular structured programming. Application of the compilation model to several different languages is discussed.
Establishment of marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines from transplantable <i>versus</i> primary lymphomas (1978)

Abstract Six new Marek's disease (MD) lymphoblastoid cell lines were established in vitro by cultivation in medium containing 2‐mercaptoethanol (2‐ME). Attempts using primary lymphoma cells were generally unsuccessful; only one of 28 lymphomas yielded a cell line and that one came from an experimentally immunosuppressed chicken. In contrast, two of seven low‐passage, and two of two established MD transplantable lymphomas grew readily in vitro. A sixth line was obtained using buffy coat cells from leukemic chicken. It was concluded that the use of transplantable tumor cells and a medium containing 2‐ME provided a combination highly sulted to the establishment of cell lines from MD.
Growth of epitaxial AlxGa1−xN films by pulsed laser deposition (1998)

Epitaxial AlxGa1−xN films have been grown on c-cut sapphire substrates at 800 °C and 10−2 Torr N2 by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using a KrF laser. Throughout the composition range from x=0 to 0.6, the films show epitaxial patterns in reflection high-energy electron diffraction, in agreement with the results from x-ray diffraction. The lattice constants of the films vary linearly with x. The composition dependence of the band gaps of the films deviates from linearity and bows downward. This letter reports the application of PLD to controlling the lattice constant and band gap by varying the proportion of AlN and GaN in the target mixture.
Removal of residual lignin of ethanol‐based organosolv pulp by an alkali extraction process (2007)

Abstract Organosolv pulps usually have high kappa number. This research investigated an alkaline extraction method prior to bleaching for reducing the kappa number of organosolv pulp. Ethanol wheat straw pulp with a kappa number of 58.2 was extracted with 1% NaOH solution. The results show that the ethanol pulp has a large amount of lignin particles on the fiber surface. After 1 min alkali extraction, the kappa number of the ethanol pulp is reduced by 60%, to 22.2, and both the number and the size of the lignin particles on the fiber surface are significantly reduced. In comparison with a further ethanol washing/extraction, the alkali extraction is much more effective in terms of lignin removal. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that a thin layer of lignin remained on the fiber surface after alkli extraction, but this did not reduce the internal bond strength. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007