gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Performance of High Speed GaN Transistors Operating in Parallel for High Current Applications (2014)

The emergence of gallium nitride (GaN) based power devices offers the potential to achieve higher efficiencies and higher switching frequencies than possible with silicon (Si) power MOSFETs. In this paper, we will evaluate the ability to parallel high speed GaN transistors in applications requiring higher output current. The impact of in-circuit parasitics on performance will be assessed and a PCB layout technique will be proposed to improve the performance of high speed GaN transistors operating in parallel. Four parallel half bridges in an optimized layout operated as a 48 V to 12 V, 480 W, 300 kHz, 40 A single phase buck converter achieving efficiencies above 96.5% from 35% to 100% load will be demonstrated.
California Pictorial: A History in Contemporary Pictures, 1786 to 1859. With Descriptive Notes on Pictures and Artists (1949)

Journal Article California Pictorial: A History in Contemporary Pictures, 1786 to 1859. With Descriptive Notes on Pictures and Artists. By Jeanne Van Nostrand and Edith M. Coulter. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1948. ix+159 pp. Illustrations and index of artists. $10.00.) Get access George Harmon Knoles George Harmon Knoles Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 36, Issue 2, September 1949, Pages 318–319, https://doi.org/10.2307/1891193 Published: 01 September 1949
<i>In vitro</i> neuromuscular activity of snake venoms (2002)

1. Snake venoms consist of a multitude of pharmacologically active components used for the capture of prey. Neurotoxins are particularly important in this regard, producing paralysis of skeletal muscles. These neurotoxins can be classified according to their site of action (i.e. pre- or post-synaptic). 2. Presynaptic neurotoxins, which display varying phospholipase A2 activities, have been identified in the venoms of the four major families of venomous snakes (i.e. Crotalidae, Elapidae, Hydrophiidae and Viperidae). The blockade of transmission produced by these toxins is usually characterized by a triphasic effect on acetylcholine release. Considerable work has been directed at identifying the binding site(s) on the presynaptic nerve terminal for these toxins, although their mechanism of action remains unclear. 3. Post-synaptic neurotoxins are antagonists of the nicotinic receptor on the skeletal muscle. Depending on their sequence, post-synaptic toxins are subdivided into short- and long-chain toxins. These toxins display different binding kinetics and different affinity for subtypes of nicotinic receptors. Post-synaptic neurotoxins have only been identified in venoms from the families Elapidae and Hydrophiidae. 4. Due to the high cost of developing new antivenoms and the reluctance of many companies to engage in this area of research, new methodologies are required to test the efficacy of existing antivenoms to ensure their optimal use. While chicken eggs have proven useful for the examination of haemorrhagic venoms, this procedure is not suited to venoms that primarily display neurotoxic activity. The chick biventer cervicis muscle has proven useful for this procedure, enabling the rapid screening of antivenoms against a range of venoms. 5. Historically, the lethality of snake venoms has been based on murine LD50 studies. Due to ethical reasons, these studies are being superseded by in vitro studies. Instead, the time taken to produce 90% inhibition of nerve-mediated twitches (i.e. t90) in skeletal muscle preparations can be determined. However, these two procedures result in different rank orders because they are measuring two different parameters. While murine LD50 determinations are based on "quantity", t90 values are based on how "quick" a venom acts. Therefore, knowledge of both parameters is still desirable. 6. In vitro neuromuscular preparations have proven to be invaluable tools in the examination of snake venoms and isolated neurotoxins. They will continue to play a role in further elucidating the mechanism of action of these highly potent toxins. Further study of these toxins may provide more highly specific research tools or lead compounds for pharmaceutical agents.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (2014)

Rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with a high risk of death. Endovascular repair results in lower perioperative morbidity and mortality than open repair, but the two methods have similar long-term mortality.
Transmembrane glycine zippers: Physiological and pathological roles in membrane proteins (2005)

We have observed a common sequence motif in membrane proteins, which we call a glycine zipper. Glycine zipper motifs are strongly overrepresented and conserved in membrane protein sequences, and mutations in glycine zipper motifs are deleterious to function in many cases. The glycine zipper has a significant structural impact, engendering a strong driving force for right-handed packing against a neighboring helix. Thus, the presence of a glycine zipper motif leads directly to testable structural hypotheses, particularly for a subclass of glycine zipper proteins that form channels. For example, we suggest that the membrane pores formed by the amyloid-beta peptide in vitro are constructed by glycine zipper packing and find that mutations in the glycine zipper motif block channel formation. Our findings highlight an important structural motif in a wide variety of normal and pathological processes.
General Solutions of the Equations of Elasticity and Consolidation for a Porous Material (1956)

Abstract Equations of elasticity and consolidation for a porous elastic material containing a fluid have been previously established (1, 5). General solutions of these equations for the isotropic case are developed, giving directly the displacement field or the stress field in analogy with the Boussinesq-Papkovitch solution and the stress functions of the theory of elasticity. General properties of the solutions also are examined and the viewpoint of eigenfunctions in consolidation problems is introduced.
A Preliminary Study of Korean Dual-Frequency SBAS (2014)

A Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) is a representative differential GNSS system, which is used for the navigation performance improvement of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) users. SBAS has been developed focusing on the securement of user integrity so that it can be used for the navigation in aviation fields. Accordingly, the development of SBAS has been completed, and it has been actively used in the United States, Europe, and Japan. As the new satellite of Global Positioning System (GPS) recently started to broadcast new civil signals (L5 frequency), the methods for improving user navigation performance in SBAS using this signal have also been studied. In Korea, to keep pace with these circumstances, full-scale SBAS development is expected to start in 2014, and studies on dual-frequency SBAS using L1/L5 frequencies will also be performed. In this study, before the full-scale development of dual-frequency SBAS in Korea, a simulation was performed to predict the performance and analyze the expected effects.
Time-Dependent Nanoemulsion Droplet Size Reduction By Evaporative Ripening (2010)

To overcome limitations of flow-induced rupturing and obtain nanodroplet sizes approaching the micellar scale, we make oil-in-water nanoemulsions having a dispersed phase that contains lower- and higher-molecular-weight oils. After nanoemulsion formation by extreme flow-induced droplet rupturing, the nanodroplets become even smaller as molecules of the lower-molecular-weight oil migrate out of the droplets into the aqueous continuous phase and are removed by evaporation while stirring. We control the degree of reduction primarily through the volume fraction of higher-molecular-weight oil originally present in the dispersed phase. We study the droplet size reduction rate using time-dependent dynamic light scattering. This method is useful for making nanodroplets containing extremely viscous high-molecular-weight liquids that would be difficult to emulsify otherwise. Additionally, we recover the evaporated lower-molecular-weight oil by distillation and reuse it in subsequent emulsification, thus demonstrating an environmentally friendly method for mass-producing extremely small nanodroplets.
Phosphorothioate-Stimulated Cellular Uptake of siRNA: A Cell Culture Model for Mechanistic Studies (2008)

The phosphorothioate(PS)-stimulated cellular uptake of naked short interfering RNA (siRNA) into mammalian cells indicates a promising new mechanistic strategy because it makes use of a caveosomal, rather than an endosomal pathway, which is used by the majority of known delivery systems. This PS-stimulated mode delivers large amounts of siRNA primarily into the perinuclear space which is related to measurable though moderate target suppression. The observed limited efficacy seems to be related to intracellular trapping of siRNA. Here, we studied the intracellular localisation of siRNA and Argonaute 2 (Ago2), the major component of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery, by density gradient centrifugation and fluorescence microscopy after PS-stimulated delivery or transfection with Lipofectamine 2000. The two cell lines ECV-304 and SKRC-35 both take up siRNA in the PS-stimulated mode but only ECV-304 shows RNAi, i.e. siRNA-mediated suppression of lamin A/C expression, whereas SKRC-35 does not. This lack of RNAi in the latter cell line seems to be due to a block of an intracellular siRNA translocation process. This study provides strong evidence for the view that co-localisation of siRNA and Ago2 in the vicinity of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) in ECV-304 cells is related to target inhibition, whereas density gradient fractionation of cell organelles shows a lack of co-localisation in SKRC-35 cells in which RNAi does not occur after the PS-mediated delivery. In summary, we propose to exploit this dual cell system to identify important steps of intracellular trafficking of siRNA after PS mediated delivery that are crucial for its biological activity and which seem to be of general importance for the understanding of the intracellular trafficking and release of siRNA.
Type II Collagen Autoimmunity in Otosclerosis and Meniere's Disease (1982)

Antibodies to collagen types I, II, and IV were measured in patients with otosclerosis and patients with Meniere's disease. Levels of antibodies to type II collagen were significantly higher in these patients than in control subjects, while no differences were found among levels of antibodies to collagen type I or type IV. These observations suggest a possible role for type II collagen autoimmunity in the etiology of otosclerosis and Meniere's disease.
A Comparison of Two Equipercentile Equating Methods for Common Item Equating (1990)

Two general procedures have been suggested for equating form X to form Y when an internal anchor test V with nonequivalent groups is used. In one method, X is equated to V by using equipercentile equating on one group of examinees. Then V is equated to Y by employing equipercentile equating on the other group of examinees. From these two equatings one can arrive at an equating of X to Y. This procedure is referred to in this paper as the Design V (Angoff, 1984) method. The second method is referred to as the frequency estimation method. The frequency estimation procedure requires consideration of the joint X, V frequency distribution for one examinee group and the joint Y, V frequency distribution for the other examinee group. The Design V method requires consideration of only the marginal distributions. Braun and Holland (1982, pp. 39-42) indicated that there are theoretical problems with the Design V method. However, the data requirements for the Design V method are many fewer than those for the frequency estimation method, and the Design V method is computationally much less burdensome. Computer storage requirements and computational burden are important considerations in the development of transportable computer systems for equating. The purpose of this study was to compare results for the two methods to determine whether or not they produce similar results in actual equatings. The results indicated that in the examples studied the two methods could not be considered interchangeable. These results have practical implications for the development of transportable computer systems for equating in practical settings.
Concept selection for independent restaurants (1993)

Restaurateurs' survival in the 1990s may well depend on their ability and willingness to engage in hard-nosed research versus merely operating by the seat of their pants
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Aryloxyacetyl Hydrazones of Fluoro Aralkyl/Diaryl Ketones (1984)

Chemistry Department, Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273 001 <em>Manuscript received 18 December 1982, revised 20 January 1984, accepted 3 May 1984</em> Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Aryloxyacetyl Hydrazones of Fluoro Aralkyl/Diaryl Ketones
Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search on High Dimensional Data --- Experiments, Analyses, and Improvement (v1.0) (2016)

Approximate Nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is fundamental and essential operation in applications from many domains, such as databases, machine learning, multimedia, and computer vision. Although many algorithms have been continuously proposed in the literature in the above domains each year, there is no comprehensive evaluation and analysis of their performances. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive experimental evaluation of many state-of-the-art methods for approximate nearest neighbor search. Our study (1) is cross-disciplinary (i.e., including 16 algorithms in different domains, and from practitioners) and (2) has evaluated a diverse range of settings, including 20 datasets, several evaluation metrics, and different query workloads. The experimental results are carefully reported and analyzed to understand the performance results. Furthermore, we propose a new method that achieves both high query efficiency and high recall empirically on majority of the datasets under a wide range of settings.
Hopkinson Bar Loaded Fracture Experimental Technique: A Critical Review of Dynamic Fracture Toughness Tests (2009)

Hopkinson bar experimental techniques have been extensively employed to investigate the mechanical response and fracture behavior of engineering materials under high rate loading. Among these applications, the study of the dynamic fracture behavior of materials at stress-wave loading conditions (corresponding stress-intensity factor rate ∼106 MPam/s) has been an active research area in recent years. Various Hopkinson bar loading configurations and corresponding experimental methods have been proposed to date for measuring dynamic fracture toughness and investigating fracture mechanisms of engineering materials. In this paper, advances in Hopkinson bar loaded dynamic fracture techniques over the past 30 years, focused on dynamic fracture toughness measurement, are presented. Various aspects of Hopkinson bar fracture testing are reviewed, including (a) the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of loading systems and sample configurations; (b) a discussion of operating principles for determining dynamic load and sample displacement in different loading configurations; (c) a comparison of various methods used for determining dynamic fracture parameters (load, displacement, fracture time, and fracture toughness), such as theoretical formula, optical gauges, and strain gauges; and (d) an update of modeling and simulation of loading configurations. Fundamental issues associated with stress-wave loading, such as stress-wave propagation along the elastic bars and in the sample, stress-state equilibrium validation, incident pulse-shaping effect, and the “loss-of-contact” phenomenon are also addressed in this review.
Requirements for and kinetics of growth arrest of neoplastic cells by confluent 10T1/2 fibroblasts induced by a specific inhibitor of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-phosphodiesterase. (1985)

This study was conducted to further characterize the previously described phenomenon of growth inhibition of neoplastically transformed C3H/10T1/2 cells (T10T1/2) by nontransformed C3H/10T1/2 clone 8 mouse embryo fibroblast (10T1/2) cells in the presence of inhibitors of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase. The cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor dl-4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (RO20-1724) was shown to be completely nontoxic to T10T1/2 cells at 10(-4) M, yet when added to mixed cultures of T10T1/2 cells and postconfluence growth-arrested 10T1/2 cells, colony formation and [3H]thymidine incorporation into T10T1/2 cells were virtually eliminated. This effect was dose dependent and was reversible upon drug withdrawal. In 10T1/2 cells, RO20-1724 caused a dose-dependent increase in cAMP levels from about 5 to 150 pmol/10(6) cells; in T10T1/2 cells, 10(-4) M drug treatment caused a 5-fold elevation in cAMP without a clear dose dependency. Cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels in 10T1/2 cells fell by 50% with drug treatment but were unmeasurable in T10T1/2 cells. When intracellular cyclic AMP levels were elevated by the adenyl cyclase stimulator forskolin, growth inhibition of T10T1/2 cells was again induced in mixed cultures but was not observed when added to T10T1/2 cells alone. Addition of RO20-1724 to low concentrations of forskolin produced a greater than additive effect on growth inhibition. Growth inhibition of T10T1/2 cells by RO20-1724 was shown to (a) require contact with, or extremely close proximity to, a confluent monolayer of 10T1/2 cells, (b) be maximum when seeded upon a growth-inhibited monolayer and not an actively growing 10T1/2 culture, and (c) not be decreased by continuous agitation of the culture medium, indicating that readily diffusible inhibitory factors are not involved. A model is presented whereby transformed cells can respond to but cannot themselves generate growth-inhibitory signals produced by post-confluence growth-inhibited nontransformed cells. The existence of these cellular interactions may well explain problems in the quantitation of transformed foci encountered in the use of this cell line as an assay system for chemical and physical carcinogens.
Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Extractable Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Residues in Soil (1989)

Abstract An analytical method was developed to determine the concentration of nitroaromatic and nitramine residues in soil. Air-dried soil samples are ground with a mortar and pestle and extracted with acetonitrile in an ultrasonic bath. A portion of extract is diluted with aqueous CaCh to flocculate suspended particles, filtered, and analyzed by liquid chromatography. The method provides linear calibration curves over a wide range of concentration. Detection limits ranged from 0.03 to 1.27 ng/g. Recovery of spiked analyte was better than 80% for all analytes tested. Each step in the analytical procedure was optimized using spiked and field-contaminated soils. This optimization included tests to (1) assess the effectiveness and kinetics associated with various extraction methods, solvents, and soil-to-solvent ratios; (2) compare separations achievable using various combinations of reverse-phase columns and eluants; (3) assess analyte recovery and ease of use for various procedures to remove particles from extracts; and (4) document stability of soil extracts and analytical stock and working standards. A ruggedness test and a preliminary assessment at 2 other laboratories indicated that the method was sufficiently rugged to justify a full-scale collaborative test. A comparison of extraction kinetics for spiked soil vs field-contaminated soil revealed very different kinetic behavior, indicating it is unwise to develop extraction procedures based solely on spiked soils.
Analysis of the Surgery Task for the Force Feedback Amplification in the Minimally Invasive Surgical System (2006)

This paper presents a new method of amplifying the small reaction force in the minimally invasive surgical system according to the surgeon's intended action. For this purpose, the analysis of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure is first studied. The procedure is broken down and analyzed for the necessary forceps actions based on the degrees of freedom of the surgical tool and the task to be performed. For this system, there are seven necessary forceps actions. Then the concept of the force feedback augmentation has been proposed. It amplifies the small reaction force in specific directions according to the surgeon's intended action. Each action determines how the reaction force should be amplified.
Gate operation circuit configuration with a power supply for MOS-gate devices (2005)

A new gate drive circuit configuration with a power supply suitable for MOS-gate devices is proposed. The power for operating the gate drive circuit is simply supplied from a load circuit during the off-period of the power device to be driven. Together with an LED and a photo-diode, the power devices can be driven as if they were driven only by emitted light energy of the LED. Furthermore, this circuit has an advantage that it can be used commonly for both upper and lower arms in the bridge circuit configuration such as an inverter circuit as well as for a single device.
Effect of FTY720 on immunoregulation in concordant xenotransplantation (1998)

Abstract The present study was designed to analyze the immunosuppressive activity of FTY720 in concordant xenotransplantation. When T and B lymphocytes of human peripheral blood were incubated with FTY720, the number of viable cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner at doses higher than 4×10-5 M. DNA fragmentation was observed at doses higher than 4×10 -5 M in B cell-rich fractions. These data demonstrate that FTY720 is cytotoxic to B lymphocytes as well as T lymphocytes and apoptosis may play an important role in this cytotoxicity. Golden Syrian hamsters were the donors and Lewis rats the recipients of skin grafts. The recipients were divided into the following four groups; (1) untreated recipients, (2) FTY720 (5mg/kg per day) was administered orally for 8 days (days -1–6), (3) FK 506 (1 mg/kg per day) was injected i. m. for 7 days (days 0–6), and (4) FK506 (1 mg/kg per day) was injected i.m. for 7 days (days 0–6) and FTY720 (5 mg/kg per day) was administered orally for 8 days (days-1–6). The mean graft survival times in groups 1–4 were.7 ± 0.52 days (n= 6), 12.0 ± 0.71 days (n= 6), 13.2 ± 1.6 days (n= 6), and 37.7 ± 4.3 days (n= 6), respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean survival time between groups one and four. Combined therapy with FTY720 and FK506 is a useful tool for immunoregulation in xenotransplantation.
Electromigration characteristics of Al/W via contact under unidirectional and bidirectional current conditions (2002)

Investigates the electromigration performances of selective CVD tungsten filled vias under DC and AC stressing currents. The authors' results show that the electromigration failure always occurred in metal 2 layer at the via area. The AC lifetimes of the test structure are found to be much longer (more than 1000X) than DC lifetimes under same peak stressing current density. No obvious electromigration induced damage was observed in metal 1 in the test structure we studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>