gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Kojic Acid on the Oxidation of <i>N</i>-Acetyldopamine by Mushroom Tyrosinase (1997)

Kojic acid inhibited mushroom tyrosinase, as judged by the inhibition it exerted on the rate of oxygen uptaked during N-acetyldopamine (NADA) oxidation. Preincubation of mushroom tyrosinase with kojic acid did not result in the inactivation of the enzyme (irreversible loss of activity). Kojic acid had a pronounced effect on the spectrum of product(s) obtained when NADA was oxidized by mushroom tyrosinase. In its absence, NADA quinone (λmax = 390 ± 10 nm) was formed; in its presence, a stable final yellow product(s), characterized by a peak at 340 ± 20 nm, was obtained. A maximum level of the final yellow product(s) was formed when the ratio between NADA quinone and kojic acid was 1:1. Spectral data suggest that NADA quinone oxidizes kojic acid to the yellow product(s). Keywords: N-Acetyldopamine (NADA); mushroom tyrosinase; kojic acid inhibition
A Community Study of Bladder Cancer Screening by the Detection of Occult Urinary Bleeding (1992)

A possible method of improving the prognosis of bladder cancer may be the widespread introduction of screening. We investigated the ability of urine dipsticks to detect early bladder cancer in a group of men in the community. In 2,356 men more than 60 years old the urine was tested with a dipstick for the presence of blood. The subjects then tested their own urine on 10 subsequent occasions. Of the men 474 (20%) had dipstick hematuria and 319 agreed to undergo urological investigation. An asymptomatic bladder tumor was found in 17 men, associated in 10 with abnormal urine cytological findings. Urine dipsticks for the detection of red cells provided an inexpensive, simple and acceptable screening test for bladder cancer. However, introduction of generalized population screening by this method would produce large numbers requiring investigation. Combining urine cytology with dipstick hematuria results may provide a realistic alternative and further evaluation of the effectiveness of screening for bladder cancer in the community is required.
The influence of measurement location on reliability of quantitative nailfold videocapillaroscopy in patients with SSc (2012)

Quantitative assessment of SSc-related change in nailfold capillaries is unreliable if examination of the same set of capillaries cannot be guaranteed. Conversely a wide-field, high-magnification system that allows visualization of the whole nail bed offers a highly reproducible approach for quantitative assessment and therefore has potential as an outcome measure.
A predictive system shutdown method for energy saving of event-driven computation (2000)

This paper presents a system-level power management technique for energy savings of event-driven application. We present a new predictive system-shutdown method to exploit sleep mode operations for energy saving. We use an exponential-average approach to predict the upcoming idle period. We introduce two mechanisms, prediction-miss correction and prewake-up, to improve the hit ratio and to reduce the delay overhead. Experiments on four different event-driven applications show that our proposed method achieves high hit ratios in a wide range of delay overheads, which results in a high degree of energy with low delay penaties.
Accurate rounding scheme for the Newton-Raphson method using redundant binary representation (1994)

Proposes a new algorithm of estimation and compensation of the error effect for rounding in the case of implementation of division and square root using the Newton-Raphson method. The authors analyze the error of the hardware system to confirm the condition of the implementation with respect to this algorithm. Next, they describe in detail how to compensate the error by using this algorithm. Finally, they show that the hardware components for this algorithm, the direct rounding mechanism in the recode circuit and the sticky digit generating circuit, can be realized simply by improving the redundant binary representation multiplier. The number of increasing cycles for this new algorithm is only one, and the rounding result using this algorithm satisfies IEEE Standard 754 rounding perfectly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterisation and Quantification of Complex Bainitic Microstructures in High and Ultra-High Strength Linepipe Steels (2005)

This paper provides a detailed description of complex bainitic microstructures obtained during the recent development of low carbon linepipe steels with strengths in the range of X100 to X120. New experimental techniques based on a high resolution FEG-SEM and EBSD have been used to characterise and quantify the mixture of ultrafine bainitic ferrite and nanosize second phases in these steels. It was found that the occurrence of incomplete transformation generates new, previously unexplored bainitic microstructures with a wealth of microstructural features that is beyond classification based on conventional concepts. Clear differences in distributions of boundary misorientations and effective grain size were noted between upper, lower and granular bainites. Based on these results a new classification scheme and definition of bainite is proposed.
LC/MS coupling (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLC/MS couplingPatrick J. Arpino and Georges GuiochonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 7, 682–701Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online21 September 2008Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50043a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50043a001research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 Request reuse permissionsArticle Views638Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Technology Assessment for Large Vertical-Lift Transport Tiltrotors (2010)

The technical community has identified rotor efficiency as a critical enabling technology for large vertical-lift transport (LVLT) rotorcraft. The size and performance of LVLT aircraft will be far beyond current aircraft capabilities, enabling a transformational change in cargo transport effectiveness. Two candidate approaches for achieving high efficiency were considered for LVLT applications: a variable-diameter tiltrotor (VDTR) and a variable-speed tiltrotor (VSTR); the former utilizes variable-rotor geometry and the latter utilizes variable-rotor speed. Conceptual aircraft designs were synthesized for the VDTR and VSTR and compared to a conventional tiltrotor (CTR). The aircraft were optimized to a common objective function and bounded by a set of physical- and requirements-driven constraints. The resulting aircraft were compared for weight, size, performance, handling qualities, and other attributes. These comparisons established a measure of the relative merits of the variable-diameter and -speed rotor systems as enabling technologies for LVLT capability.
The failure mechanism of high voltage tolerance IO buffer under ESD (2003)

In this paper, real-time I-V measurements and TCAD simulations were used to study why the ESD performance of the HVT I/O circuit is different from that of the ST NMOS device. The real-time I-V measurements show that the top gate induced voltage of the ST NMOS in HVT I/O circuits under an ESD zapping event is much higher than that of the ST NMOS device. The simulations show that high gate voltage will induce current crowding in the channel region, so as to degrade the device ESD performance. This phenomenon is called "gate voltage-induced current crowding" (GVICC). However, it is also found that the use of non-silicide S/D structures and increasing RPO dimensions at the drain region of the top NMOSFET can effectively reduce the GVICC effect and induce the currents to flow through the bulk parasitic bipolar transistor. As a result, the ESD failure threshold can be much improved.
Unit Tests for Stochastic Optimization (2013)

Optimization by stochastic gradient descent is an important component of many large-scale machine learning algorithms. A wide variety of such optimization algorithms have been devised; however, it is unclear whether these algorithms are robust and widely applicable across many different optimization landscapes. In this paper we develop a collection of unit tests for stochastic optimization. Each unit test rapidly evaluates an optimization algorithm on a small-scale, isolated, and well-understood difficulty, rather than in real-world scenarios where many such issues are entangled. Passing these unit tests is not sufficient, but absolutely necessary for any algorithms with claims to generality or robustness. We give initial quantitative and qualitative results on numerous established algorithms. The testing framework is open-source, extensible, and easy to apply to new algorithms.
Protein-lipid interactions and Torpedo californica nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function. 2. Membrane fluidity and ligand-mediated alteration in the accessibility of .gamma. subunit cysteine residues to cholesterol (1993)

Fluorescence-quenching and energy-transfer measurements were carried out to further characterize lipid-protein interactions involving the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from Torpedo californica in reconstituted membranes. To assess the fluidity of the receptor microenvironment, cis- and trans-parinaric acids were used to take advantage of the preferential partitioning behavior of the trans isomer for the gel phase. A relatively higher extent of energy transfer from the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of AChR in dielaidoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers to cis-parinaric acid in both the gel and the fluid phase suggests that the AChR is surrounded by a relatively fluid annulus of lipids. The ability of AChR to accommodate and interact with specific lipids such as cholesterol and fatty acids in the vicinity of pyrene-labeled cysteine residues in the membranous domain and/or the membrane-water interface region of the gamma subunit was assessed. Pyrene-labeled AChR prepared in (6,7-dibromostearoyl)phosphatidylcholine showed a 25% decrease in fluorescence as sites accessible to phospholipids were occupied; subsequent addition of dibromocholesterol hemisuccinate (DiBrCHS) caused further quenching by about 25%. This result is consistent with the presence of sites accessible to cholesterol, but not accessible to phospholipids, in the vicinity of the cysteine-bound pyrene in the membranous domain of the AChR. Quenching by DiBrCHS was sensitive to the presence of an AChR activator (carbamylcholine) but not a competitive antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin). The Stern-Volmer quenching constant was 0.123 in the absence of added ligands and 0.167 and 0.134 in the presence of carbamylcholine and alpha-bungarotoxin, respectively, corresponding to accessibilities of 65%, 90%, and 70%.
Understanding asthma pathophysiology. (2003)

Asthma is best described as a chronic disease that involves inflammation of the pulmonary airways and bronchial hyperresponsiveness that results in the clinical expression of a lower airway obstruction that usually is reversible. Physiologically, bronchial hyperresponsiveness is documented by decreased bronchial airflow after bronchoprovocation with methacholine or histamine. Other triggers that provoke airway obstruction include cold air, exercise, viral upper respiratory infection, cigarette smoke, and respiratory allergens. Bronchial provocation with allergen induces a prompt early phase immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated decrease in bronchial airflow (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) followed in many patients by a late-phase IgE-mediated reaction with a decrease in bronchial airflow for 4-8 hours. The gross pathology of asthmatic airways displays lung hyperinflation, smooth muscle hypertrophy, lamina reticularis thickening, mucosal edema, epithelial cell sloughing, cilia cell disruption, and mucus gland hypersecretion. Microscopically, asthma is characterized by the presence of increased numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the bronchial tissues, bronchial secretions, and mucus. Initially, there is recruitment of leukocytes from the bloodstream to the airway by activated CD4 T-lymphocytes. The activated T-lymphocytes also direct the release of inflammatory mediators from eosinophils, mast cells, and lymphocytes. In addition, the subclass 2 helper T-lymphocytes subset of activated T-lymphocytes produces interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. IL-4 in conjunction with IL-13 signals the switch from IgM to IgE antibodies. The cross-linkage of two IgE molecules by allergen causes mast cells to degranulate, releasing histamine, leukotrienes, and other mediators that perpetuate the airway inflammation. IL-5 activates the recruitment and activation of eosinophils. The activated mast cells and eosinophils also generate their cytokines that help to perpetuate the inflammation. Regardless of the triggers of asthma, the repeated cycles of inflammation in the lungs with injury to the pulmonary tissues followed by repair may produce long-term structural changes ("remodeling") of the airways. This review will discuss in greater detail the relationships of inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness to the pathophysiology of asthma.
Nonlinear effects in pseudo differential OTAs with CMFB (2003)

A general description of nonlinearities in pseudo differential operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA) with common-mode feedback (CMFB) is introduced. The effects of CMFB nonlinearities on the differential signals are evaluated and design tradeoffs including nonidealities are determined. A practical pseudo differential fully balanced fully symmetric OTA architecture with common-mode feedforward (CMFF) is used as a case study to probe the theory. The OTA has an inherent common-mode detector; hence, the CMFB circuit is efficiently implemented. The OTA is used to implement a 100-MHz fourth-order linear-phase OTA-C filter.
Mild and moderate aortic stenosis Natural history and risk stratification by echocardiography (2004)

Outcome of mild and moderate AS is worse than commonly assumed. Rapid progression and excess mortality have to be considered. Significant valve calcification, CAD and rapid progression of aortic jet velocity indicate poor outcome. Patients with these characteristics may require closer follow-up than generally assumed.
New circular-polarized frequency-independent antennas with conical beam or omnidirectional patterns (1961)

A conical beam may be obtained from balanced equiangular spiral antennas by constructing an antenna with more than two spiral arms and symmetrically connecting these arms to provide a suppression of the radiated fields on the axis of the antenna. The angle of this conical beam can be controlled and, with proper choice of parameters, confined to the immediate vicinity of the azimuthal ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\theta = 90\deg</tex> ) plane. An antenna with four symmetrically spaced arms can provide a radiation pattern that is within 3 db of omnidirectional circularly polarized coverage in the azimuthal plane. The standing-wave ratio of this antenna referred to a 50-ohm coaxial cable is less than 2-to-1 over the pattern bandwidth. This four-arm version retains the wide frequency bandwidths of the basic conical log-spiral antenna, and it provides a coverage which heretofore has been difficult to obtain even with narrow-band antennas.
Steganography: Dct Coefficient Replacement Method andCompare With Jsteg Algorithm (2012)

Steganography is a method for hiding secret data in another media which is called cover. The selection of cover and techniques for hiding data is for caching less attention and visual distortion. The outlet of steganography system is called Steganograme which has the similar characteristics to the cover, and also it contains our hidden information. Steganography is not a new subject which is considered nowadays, its history can be traced in 440 BC. In the first usage of this knowledge the secret messages were written on the shaved head of Greek soldiers, when their hair grew up, the messages were concealed from the others. By development of digital communication and multimedia technology, steganography is being entered to a new season. These days images, audio and video files can be used as a cover media. In this paper, a digital image is used for this reason. By changing the way of data embedding in JSteg algorithm a new method can be achieved, which has higher signal to noise ratio and also its coefficient histogram is more similar to the cover image histogram. Most of the steganography techniques; which hide the data
Fibrin Clot Retraction by Human Platelets Correlates with αIIbβ3Integrin-dependent Protein Tyrosine Dephosphorylation (2001)

We have analyzed tyrosine phosphorylation associated with retraction of the fibrin clot by washed platelets in purified fibrinogen. Retraction was dependent on integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3), based on absence of retraction of alpha(IIb)beta(3)-deficient thrombasthenic platelets. However, only a subset of alpha(IIb)beta(3)-blocking antibodies or peptides were able to inhibit retraction, suggesting a differential engagement of alpha(IIb)beta(3) in fibrin clot retraction versus aggregation. Immunoblotting demonstrated a phosphorylated protein pattern comparable with aggregation at early time points. However, as opposed to aggregation, tyrosine phosphorylation decreased rapidly in parallel to retraction (up to 60 min). Dephosphorylation was alpha(IIb)beta(3)-dependent, since it was blocked by alpha(IIb)beta(3)-specific inhibitors and was absent in thrombasthenic platelets. Inhibition of platelet clot retraction by phenyl-arsine oxide and peroxovanadate, suggested a role for tyrosine phosphatases. Cytochalasin D and E (5 microm) blocked fibrin clot retraction and tyrosine dephosphorylation, suggesting regulation by actin cytoskeleton assembly. Tyrosine phosphatase activities were found associated with clot retraction using the "in-gel" tyrosine phosphatase assay; however, none were alpha(IIb)beta(3)-dependent. An 85-kDa protein and to a lesser degree "Src" showed the closest dose-dependent correlation between inhibition of tyrosine dephosphorylation and inhibition of retraction. We thus postulate that alpha(IIb)beta(3) engagement in fibrin clot retraction drives, in an actin cytoskeleton-dependent manner, the interaction of tyrosine phosphatases and of the tyrosine-phosphorylated substrates 85-kDa protein and Src, the dephosphorylation of which regulates the force generation and/or transmission required for full contraction of the fibrin matrix.
A New Standard for Crustacean Genomes: The Highly Contiguous, Annotated Genome Assembly of the Clam Shrimp Eulimnadia texana Reveals HOX Gene Order and Identifies the Sex Chromosome (2017)

Vernal pool clam shrimp (Eulimnadia texana) are a promising model system due to their ease of lab culture, short generation time, modest sized genome, a somewhat rare stable androdioecious sex determination system, and a requirement to reproduce via desiccated diapaused eggs. We generated a highly contiguous genome assembly using 46× of PacBio long read data and 216× of Illumina short reads, and annotated using Illumina RNAseq obtained from adult males or hermaphrodites. Of the 120 Mb genome 85% is contained in the largest eight contigs, the smallest of which is 4.6 Mb. The assembly contains 98% of transcripts predicted via RNAseq. This assembly is qualitatively different from scaffolded Illumina assemblies: It is produced from long reads that contain sequence data along their entire length, and is thus gap free. The contiguity of the assembly allows us to order the HOX genes within the genome, identifying two loci that contain HOX gene orthologs, and which approximately maintain the order observed in other arthropods. We identified a partial duplication of the Antennapedia complex adjacent to the few genes homologous to the Bithorax locus. Because the sex chromosome of an androdioecious species is of special interest, we used existing allozyme and microsatellite markers to identify the E. texana sex chromosome, and find that it comprises nearly half of the genome of this species. Linkage patterns indicate that recombination is extremely rare and perhaps absent in hermaphrodites, and as a result the location of the sex determining locus will be difficult to refine using recombination mapping.
Synthesis of 2,6-diethyl-3-methacroyloxymethyl-1,5,7,8-tetramethylpyrromethene-BF2 for the preparation of new solid-state laser dyes (1997)

The synthesis of 2,6-diethyl-3-methacroyloxymethyl-1,5,7,8-tetramethylpyrromethene-BF2 (2) was carried out in straightforward fashion from 2,6-diethyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethene-BF2 (1) in three steps. The monomer unit 2 has been shown to be useful for copolymerization with methyl methacrylate for the synthesis of new solid-state optical materials. In addition, the synthesis of 1 has been modified to give greater yields of this useful laser dye. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Beam Switching Dual Polarized Antenna Array With Reconfigurable Radial Waveguide Power Dividers (2016)

In this paper, we propose a new method for designing dual polarized beam switching antennas by using reconfigurable radial waveguides excited by central probes and feeding multiple radiating elements. The power distribution of the radiating elements is controlled by cylindrical electromagnetic bandgap structures made of metallic wires loaded with PIN diodes. The proposed technique allows azimuth beam switching and multiple beams, with arbitrary and well controlled polarizations, using low dc voltage. First, a new rectangular periodic structure is used as a model for analyzing the transmission and reflection coefficients for different diode states. Then, numerical and experimental results are presented for a reconfigurable radial waveguide power divider and for the radiating elements. Finally, numerical and experimental results are presented and discussed for a complete dual polarized antenna operating at wireless local area network (WLAN) 5 GHz band (5.18-5.825 GHz).
Novel source of human hematopoietic stem cells from peritoneal dialysis effluents (2015)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) hold great promise for the treatment of various diseases and blood disorders. However, limited availability of these cells has hampered their applications in clinical and biological research. Here we have identified a new source of autologous human HSCs in peritoneal dialysis (PD) effluents from patients with end stage renal diseases (ESRDs). Cells isolated from PD effluents contain a Lin-/CD34+/CD38-/CD90+ sub-population and can repopulate NOD/SCID/gamma-/- mice in serial transplantation. Differing from cord blood HSCs, PD-derived HSCs have high tendencies to repopulate peritoneal cavity and spleen with myeloid cells and B lymphocytes. Repopulating HSCs also reside in peritoneal cavities in mice. The isolation of HSCs from peritoneal cavities provides a novel and promising source of autologous and functional HSCs for stem cell research and possible clinical use.