gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of tantalum nitride by tertbutylimidotris(diethylamido)tantalum for advanced metallization (1995)

We deposited tantalum nitride (TaN) films by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD) using a new precursor tertbutylimidotris(diethylamido)tantalum (TBTDET). Strong Ta–N double bond in the precursor preserved the ‘‘TaN’’ portion during the pyrolysis process. This method has yielded low-resistivity films. It changed from 10 mΩ cm (deposited at 500 °C) to 920 μΩ cm (obtained at 650 °C). The carbon and oxygen concentrations were low in the films deposited at 600 °C, as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the as-deposited films exhibited polycrystalline structures with the lattice constants close to the bulk TaN value. The TaN barrier layer was successfully applied as a glue layer for CVD tungsten (W) metallization schemes.
Research in medical education. Evaluating patterns of surgical clerkship programs (1968)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Ahead-of-Print Collections Editorials of Laura Weiss Roberts, MD, MAAM Last PageCOVID-19 and Medical EducationAddressing Race and Racism in Medical EducationeBooksView All For Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalAbout the AAMCJournal MastheadSubmit a ManuscriptAdvertising InformationSubscription ServicesReprints and Back IssuesClassified AdsRights and PermissionsFor ReviewersFor MediaFor Trainees All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Initial-Impression Diagnosis Using Low-Back Pain Patient Pain Drawings (1993)

Patient pain drawings were blindly selected from five lumbar spine disorder categories. The drawings were classified by low-back physicians, discriminant analysis, and several computerized artificial neural network configurations. The purpose was to determine the reliability of the patient pain drawing when diagnosing low-back disorders and to delineate the pain mark patterns particular to each disorder by comparing physicians with computerized methods. The physicians averaged 51% accuracy with individual preferences for certain disorder groups. The computerized methods demonstrated comparable accuracy (48%) and more agreement in classification. Associations were found between the predicted pain patterns for each diagnostic group made by an expert and the patterns generated by computerized methods. Variances in these associations are instructive to clinicians for making accurate predictions of diagnosis from pain drawings.
Unrecognized Failure of a Narrow Caliber Defibrillation Lead: The Role of Defibrillation Threshold Testing in Identifying an Unprotected Individual (2012)

In this case report we describe a short circuit in the Riata 1570 defibrillator lead (Riata 1570, St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) that was unsuspected owing to normal lead parameters until defibrillator threshold testing at the time of elective generator change. On this occasion, the short circuit manifested as unsuccessful defibrillation of ventricular fibrillation with immediate battery depletion. This report adds weight to existing concerns over narrow caliber leads, it draws attention to the possibility of lead malfunction despite unremarkable interrogation, and lastly it highlights the potential role of routine defibrillator threshold testing, particularly at elective generator change (an issue that remains sparingly addressed in the existing literature).
Role of glutathiolation in preservation, restoration and regulation of protein function (2007)

Glutathiolation has emerged as an important post-translational modification that regulates protein function. Reduced glutathione remains bound to reactive cysteine side chains of several intracellular proteins even under basal conditions and the abundance of glutathiolated proteins increases upon oxidant challenge. Although protein glutathiolation was considered primarily to be a protective mechanism for preventing irreversible oxidation of protein thiols, recent evidence suggests that controlled glutathiolation reactions can also be used to modify protein structure and function. Several growth factors and cytokines promote protein glutathiolation and glutathiolated proteins have been shown to increase upon physiological stimulation of NO production. Given the high affinity of some nitrosylated proteins for glutathione, glutathiolation may also be a significant metabolic fate of nitrosylated proteins. Enzymatic pathways of protein de-glutathiolation have also been described; indicating that both glutathiolation and de-glutathiolation may be tightly regulated processes. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of protein glutathiolation and how physiologic glutathiolation of specific proteins could regulate glucose metabolism, calcium homeostasis and changes in cell shape and contraction. We propose that glutathiolation represents a discrete sub-state within complex thiol-based redox circuits, relays and switches that regulate protein function basally and, upon oxidative stress, elicit adaptive responses or trigger cell death.
Mutations away from splice site recognition sequences might cis-modulate alternative splicing of goat alpha s1-casein transcripts. Structural organization of the relevant gene. (1992)

alpha s1-Casein variants F and D, synthesized in goat milk at lower levels than variant A, essentially differ from it by internal deletions of 37 and 11 amino acid residues, respectively. Northern blot analysis of mRNAs encoding alpha s1-casein F and A and sequencing of the relevant cloned cDNAs, as well as sequencing of in vitro amplified genomic fragments, revealed multiple alternatively processed transcripts, from the F allele. Although correctly spliced messengers were identified, most of the FmRNAs lacked three exons. These exons, further identified as exons 9, 10, and 11, together encode the 37 amino acid residues present in alpha s1-casein variant A but missing in variant F. Exon 9 codes for the sequence present in variant A but deleted in variant D. A single nucleotide deletion in exon 9 and two insertions, 11 and 3 base pairs in length, in the downstream intron, were identified as mutations potentially responsible for the alternative skipping of these 3 exons. From a computer-predicted secondary structure it appeared that the 11-base pair insertion might be involved in base-pairing interactions with the intron 5' splice site which might consequently be less accessible to U1 snRNA. We also report here the complete structural organization of the goat alpha s1-casein transcription unit, deduced from polymerase chain reaction experiments. It contains 19 exons scattered within a nucleotide stretch nearly 17-kilobase pairs long.
Differential display, subtractive hybridization, and application of methodology to search for point mutations to identify genetic defects responsible for progression in MCF10AT model of human breast disease (1999)

We describe initial studies utilizing three methods to detect differences in gene expression: (i) differential display with polyT-anchored primers; (ii) differential display with RNA arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (RAP-PCR), and (iii) cDNA subtractive hybridization. Subtractive hybridization, which detects qualitative differences in gene expression, revealed no differences between a human cell line (MCF-10A), orginated by spontaneous immortalization of breast epithelial cells, and MCF10CA1 cells, a recently derived fully malignant, metastatic variant. The standard method of differential display with polyT anchored primers detected in excess of 100 differentially displayed bands but differential expression could seldom be verified by Northern blotting. However, RAP-PCR products frequently represent the coding region and fewer bands are detected. One gene of interest is a zinc finger protein which may be expressed more in the preneoplastic lesion-forming cells than in nonlesion-forming cells. Because most bands are not consistently differentially displayed among the variants of the MCF10 model, we suspect that point mutations rather than differential quantitative gene expression is responsible for some stage of progression. We propose that differential display of RAP-PCR products on nondenaturing gels might also detect point mutation differences.
Atrioesophageal Fistula: A Review. (2015)

Catheter ablation of atrial ablation (AF) has become an important therapy in recent years. As with all evolving techniques, unexpected complication may occur. Atrioesophageal fistula is a very rare complication of AF catheter ablation. Described for the first time in two very experienced centers in 2004, this complication is the most dreadful and lethal among all the others related to AF catheter ablation. Its clinical presentation is extremely variable. Rapid diagnosis and surgical therapy may prevent death. This review article will summarize the risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and possible preventive strategies for this condition.
A modified Goertzel structure for efficient real-time blood velocity profile estimation (2002)

Many applications utilize short-gate pulse-Doppler schemes to extract velocity information, such as a blood vessel's velocity profile. Advances in signal processing hardware permit software gating to replace traditional hardware gating. Although software gating can be advantageous, the added computational complexity hinders real-time operation, which is clinically desirable. Thus, high-resolution, real-time operation requires efficient algorithms for data processing. This paper develops a modified Goertzel structure for efficient real-time blood velocity profile estimation. When compared with traditional computational methods, this modified structure offers significant advantages with regard to memory, number of operations, and latency of estimation. Simulations are provided to demonstrate algorithm effectiveness.
Analyzing and Modeling a City’s Spatiotemporal Taxi Supply and Demand: A Case Study for Munich (2016)

This paper presents a method for studying supply and demand in a taxi network in time and space by using the example of Munich. First, we introduce the necessary data collection that is linked to a fleet management system (FMS) operated by a local taxi agency and create a statistically sound database, which represents the mobility behavior on a trip level.
Second, we derive key figures describing the city’s taxi characteristics. Here both the temporal taxi supply and demand of 420 taxis over a period of 19 weeks is considered. As the taxi demand differs according to the city district, the investigated area has to be divided into various zones. We analyze their specific characteristics and describe key factors influencing taxi requests, such as weekdays, public holidays and number of point of interests within an area.
Next, a model to predict a time-variant demand for individual districts is introduced. We classify the problem and choose an appropriate algorithm to forecast spatiotemporal taxi requests. As booking actions differ over time, a nonhomogeneous Poisson distribution is suitable for counting those events. In a final step, we validate the proposed model on a local and global scale. Our model helps to provide a better understanding of taxi fleet operations on a city scale. We use the suggested demand prediction as one input parameter for an agent-based fleet simulation that represents individual taxi movements. 
Poly(vinyl alcohol) obtained through polymerization of some vinyl esters (1988)

Abstract Bulk and/or solution polymerizations of a series of vinyl esters, e.g., vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl pivalate, and vinyl benzoate were conducted. Iodine‐coloration, 1,2‐glycol structure, molecular weight, and tacticity (triad and pentad) were measured for the resulting poly(vinyl alcohol)s (PVAs). The iodine‐coloration abilities of PVAs, derived from poly(vinyl ester)s that were obtained through bulk polymerization at 60°C, depended on the starting monomer, increasing in the following order: vinyl benzoate < vinyl acetate < vinyl propionate < vinyl butyrate < vinyl pivalate. In solution polymerizations of vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate, it was revealed that the tacticity of the derived PVAs apparently depended on the type and amount of polymerization solvent employed, as found previously in the case for vinyl acetate. The iodine‐coloration of these PVA samples varied in the same order as their syndiotactic content, while no relationship was observed toward their 1,2‐glycol content. The probabilities of the syndiotactic propagation at 60°C were estimated as 0.49 (benzoate), 0.54 (acetate), 0.55 (propionate), 0.56 (butyrate), and 0.60 (pivalate), respectively.
Humoral immune response in hens naturally infected with<i>Salmonella</i>Enteritidis against outer membrane proteins and other surface structural antigens (2004)

A simple procedure for obtaining surface exposed antigens of Salmonella Enteritidis is described. A heat treatment of whole bacteria in saline solution induced the release of small membrane vesicles containing outer membrane components as well as surface appendage components, such as fimbriae and flagellin. The characterization of the structural components of this extract, called HE, was established by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using polyclonal and monoclonal specific antibodies. Five major groups of proteins were identified: flagellin, porins, OmpA, SEF21 and SEF14 fimbriae. The immunogenicity of these proteins was studied by immunoblotting with serum samples from naturally infected hens. Flagellin, porins, OmpA, SEF14 and SEF21 fimbriae were immunogenic in the S. Enteritidis infected hens (frequency of reactants: 47.3, 97.3, 64.7, 50.0 and 60.8%, respectively); porins also reacted with sera from non infected hens (66.7%). The immunogenicity of these antigens in infected birds provide promise that they may serve as components of an effective subcellular vaccine for poultry salmonellosis.
Preclinical and clinical development of therapeutic antibodies targeting functions of CD47 in the tumor microenvironment (2020)

CD47 is a ubiquitously expressed cell surface glycoprotein that functions as a signaling receptor for thrombospondin-1 and as the counter-receptor for signal regulatory protein-α (SIRPα). Engaging SIRPα on macrophages inhibits phagocytosis, and CD47 thereby serves as a physiological marker of self. However, elevated CD47 expression on some cancer cells also protects tumors from innate immune surveillance and limits adaptive antitumor immunity via inhibitory SIRPα signaling in antigen presenting cells. CD47 also mediates inhibitory thrombospondin-1 signaling in vascular cells, T cells, and NK cells, and blocking inhibitory CD47 signaling on cytotoxic T cells directly increases tumor cell killing. Therefore, CD47 functions as an innate and adaptive immune checkpoint. These findings have led to the development of antibodies and other therapeutic approaches to block CD47 functions in the tumor microenvironment. Preclinical studies in mice demonstrated that blocking CD47 can limit the growth of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors and enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and some targeted cancer therapies. Humanized CD47 antibodies are showing promise in early clinical trials, but side effects related to enhanced phagocytic clearance of circulating blood cells remain a concern. Approaches to circumvent these include antibody preloading strategies, development of antibodies that recognize tumor-specific epitopes of CD47, SIRPα antibodies, and bivalent antibodies that restrict CD47 blockade to specific tumor cells. Preclinical and clinical development of antibodies and related biologics that inhibit CD47/SIRPα signaling are reviewed, including strategies to combine these agents with various conventional and targeted therapeutics to improve patient outcome for various cancers.
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Molecular Pathophysiology, Essential Clinical Understanding, and Treatment Strategies (2011)

To update oncologists on pathogenesis, contemporary diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment strategies in BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Recent literature was reviewed and interpreted in the context of the authors' own experience and expertise. Pathogenetic mechanisms in PV, ET, and PMF include stem cell-derived clonal myeloproliferation and secondary stromal changes in the bone marrow and spleen. Most patients carry an activating JAK2 or MPL mutation and a smaller subset also harbors LNK, CBL, TET2, ASXL1, IDH, IKZF1, or EZH2 mutations; the precise pathogenetic contribution of these mutations is under investigation. JAK2 mutation analysis is now a formal component of diagnostic criteria for PV, ET, and PMF, but its prognostic utility is limited. Life expectancy in the majority of patients with PV or ET is near-normal and disease complications are effectively (and safely) managed by treatment with low-dose aspirin, phlebotomy, or hydroxyurea. In PMF, survival and quality of life are significantly worse and current therapy is inadequate. In ET and PV, controlled studies are needed to show added value and justify the risk of unknown long-term health effects associated with nonconventional therapeutic approaches (eg, interferon-alfa). The unmet need for treatment in PMF dictates a different approach for assessing the therapeutic value of new drugs (eg, JAK inhibitors, pomalidomide) or allogeneic stem-cell transplantation.
Magnetic properties and<sup>61</sup>Ni Mössbauer spectroscopy of the ternary phosphide CrNiP (2008)

The results of x-ray diffraction, dc magnetization, and 61Ni Mossbauer spectroscopy studies of the ternary phosphide CrNiP are reported. This compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic Co2P-type structure (space group Pnma) with the lattice parameters a = 5.7965(1) A, b = 3.5337(1) A, and c = 6.8123(2) A. NiCrP is a ferromagnet with Curie temperature TC = 135.1(1) K. The ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic transition is characterized by the critical exponents β = 0.355(22), γ = 1.241(18), and δ = 4.585(20). Their values are close to those of a 3D Heisenberg ferromagnet. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility above TC follows the modified Curie–Weiss law with a paramagnetic Curie temperature of 142.9(6) K and effective magnetic moment per transition-metal atom of 1.70(2) μB. The magnetic moment per formula unit at 4.2 K is found to be 0.816(13) μB. The hyperfine magnetic field at 61Ni nuclei at 4.2 K of 32.3(1.3) kOe implies that the Ni atoms carry a magnetic moment of 0.14(8) μB, and that the moment carried by the Cr atoms is 0.68(9) μB. The Debye temperature of NiCrP is 261(3) K.
Are Investors’ Attention and Uncertainty Aversion the Risk Factors for Stock Markets? International Evidence from the COVID-19 Crisis (2020)

In this paper, we examine the impact of investors’ attention to COVID-19 on stock market returns and the moderating effect of national culture on this relationship. Using daily data from 34 countries over the period 23 January to 12 June 2020, and measuring investors’ attention with the Google search volume (GSV) of the word “coronavirus” for each country, we find that investors’ enhanced attention to the COVID-19 pandemic results in negative stock market returns. Further, measuring the national culture with the uncertainty avoidance index (the aspect of national culture which measures the cross-country differences in decision-making under stress and ambiguity), we find that the negative impact of investors’ attention on stock market returns is stronger in countries where investors possess higher uncertainty avoidance cultural values. Our findings imply that uncertainty avoidance cultural values of investors promote financial market instability amid the crisis.
Requirements for Point-to-Multipoint Pseudowire (2008)

This document presents a set of requirements for providing an
unidirectional Point-to-Multipoint PWE3 (Pseudowire Emulation Edge to
Edge) emulation. The requirements identified in this document are
related to architecture, signaling and maintenance aspects of a
Point-to-Multipoint PW operation. They are proposed as guidelines for
the standardization of such mechanisms. Among other potential
applications Point-to-Multipoint PWs SHOULD be used to optimize the
support of multicast services as defined in the Layer 2 Virtual
Private Network working group.
Query processing in a heterogeneous retrieval network (1988)

The concept of a large-scale information retrieval network incorporating heterogeneous retrieval systems and users is introduced, and the necessary components for enabling term-based searching of any database by untrained end-users are outlined. We define a normal form for expression of queries, show that such queries can be automatically produced, if necessary, from a natural-language request for information, and give algorithms for translating such queries, with little or no loss of expressiveness, into equivalent queries on both Boolean and term-vector type retrieval systems. We conclude with a proposal for extending this approach to arbitrary database models.
Power optimization of system-level address buses based on software profiling (2000)

The paper aims at defining a methodology for the optimization of the switching power related to the processor-to memory communication on system-level buses. First, a methodology to profile the switching activity related to system-level buses has been defined, based on the tracing of benchmark programs running on the Sun SPARC V8 architecture. The bus traces have been analyzed to identify temporal correlations between consecutive patterns. Second, a framework has been set up for the design of high-performance encoder/decoder architectures to reduce the transition activity of the system-level buses. Novel bus encoding schemes have been proposed, whose performance has been compared with the most widely adopted power-oriented encodings. The experimental results have shown that the proposed encoding techniques provide an average reduction in transition activity up to 74.11% over binary encoding for instruction address streams. The results indicate the suitability of the proposed techniques for high-capacitance wide buses, for which the power saving due to the transition activity reduction is not offset by the extra power dissipation introduced in the system by the encoding/decoding logic.
Pilot Situation Awareness and Alerting System Commands (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Two common stated objectives of modern cockpit systems are improving pilot situation awareness and adding the safety benefits of sophisticated alerting and command generation functions. However, expected gains in safety are not realized if these two functions appear to provide conflicting or dissonant information to the pilot. This paper details three experiments examining this issue. Then, a general discussion is provided on pilot situation awareness in alerting situations, and on pilot nonconformance to alerting systems. Finally, design recommendations for alerting systems and situation displays are made.</div>