gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
„n‐i‐p‐i‐Kristalle” — Halbleiter mit steuerbaren elektronischen Eigenschaften (1984)

Abstract Eine räumlich‐periodische n ‐ und p ‐Dotierung, möglicherweise mit intrisischen Zwischenschichten („n‐i‐p‐i”︁‐Struktur), mit Periodenlängen im Bereich von etwa 20 bis 500 nm modifiziert die elektronischen Eigenschaften eines Halbleiters drastisch. Die Leitfähigkeit kann durch Licht oder durch Ladungsträgerinjektion in weiten Grenzen variiert werden. Ebenso läßt sich die Photonenenergie bei der Lichtemission über einen weiten Teil der Bandlücke des Wirtskristalls verschieben. Die optische Absorption ist ebenfalls variabel und kann bereits bei schwacher Anregungsintensität das Vorzeichen ändern. Darüber hinaus bilden solche Halbleiter eine ideale Modellsubstanz zur Untersuchung zweidimensionaler elektronischer Systeme.
MR spectroscopy in the diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy presenting as a brain tumor. (2005)

We present two cases of focal, tumefactive, masslike lesions of diffuse cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) that presented as areas of increased signal intensity on long TR sequences without contrast enhancement or restricted diffusion. MR spectroscopy revealed normal metabolite ratios and unremarkable spectra. Pathologic tissue showed CAA and CAA with angitis of the CNS. Tumefactive CAA is a rare condition, and we describe its characteristics at MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted imaging.
The Effect of Combined Exercise on Physical Fitness and Cognitive Function in Older Adults (2015)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise training on physical fitness and cognitive function in elderly persons. A total of 30 elderly persons (aged 69.5±5.5 years) were voluntarily recruited from local residents in the S city of Gyeonggi-Do. Method: The subjects were conveniently assigned to either exercise (n=15) or control group (n=15). The exercise group underwent a combined exercise intervention consisting of senior aerobic exercise and resistance exercise at an intensity of 50-60% of target heart rates with duration of 60-minute per session (10-min warm-up followed by 40-minute main exercise finished with 10-minute cool-down) and a frequency of 3days per week for 12 weeks. The control group maintained their sedentary life styles during the experimental period. Eight (7 women and 1 man) out of the initial 30 participants dropped out due to personal reasons. Data collected from the remaining 22 participants were used in the final analyses. Outcome variables included body composition, functional physical fitness parameters, Korean version of mini-mental state examination for dementia screening (MMSE) score-based cognitive function. Two-way mixed ANOVAs with repeated measures were used to test significant time by group interactions for the measured variables at a statistical significance of p=0.05. Result: Significant group by time interactions were found for changed physical fitness parameters, cognitive function scales. Compared to the control group, the exercise had significant improvements in lower-, upper body strength, endurance and lower body-flexibility after the exercise intervention. In addition, the exercise group had significantly improved MMSE score-based cognitive function, as compared with the control group. Conclusion: In summary, the present findings of the study suggest that combined exercise intervention provides a safe and effective means against cognitive declines with aging.
Radionuclides and carrier molecules for therapy (1996)

Although radionuclide therapy has been around for a long time, this modality of cancer treatment has been limited mainly to the use of [32P]-phosphate and [131I]-sodium iodide. The last few years, however, have seen an increased interest in this area due to new developments of radionuclides and carrier molecules that may provide selective targeting of tumour sites. The potential of this technique can be further realized if the radionuclide is carefully selected to match both the localization of the carrier molecule and tumour morphology. This paper briefly reviews radionuclides in current use and potential candidates for targeted therapy. Decay characteristics, production methods and relevant chemical properties are discussed.
Conjugation of Blocked Ricin to an Anti-CD19 Monoclonal Antibody Increases Antibody-Induced Cell Calcium Mobilization and CD19 Internalization (1997)

CD19 (B4) is a signal transduction molecule restricted to the B-cell lineage and the target of the immunotoxin anti-B4-blocked ricin (anti-B4-bR), which is composed of the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) anti-B4 and the modified plant toxin blocked ricin. To explore the influence of conjugation of blocked ricin to anti-B4 on functional activation of CD19, we investigated the effects of anti-B4-bR, and that of unconjugated anti-B4, on intracellular calcium mobilization and ligand/receptor internalization. The data showed that anti-B4-bR was more potent than anti-B4 in triggering cell calcium mobilization. Two other immunotoxins that bind to the B-cell surface, anti-CD20-bR and anti-CD38-bR, were devoid of the calcium increasing effect of anti-B4-bR. Furthermore, anti-B4 conjugated to ricin A-chain was also without effect in Namalwa cells, indicating that the ricin B-chain component was required for anti-B4-bR effect. Anti-B4-bR-induced calcium mobilization was inhibited in the presence of lactose, yet the calcium response induced by cross-linking anti-B4-bR with a second step antibody was not affected. The extent of CD19 modulation induced by anti-B4-bR was higher than that induced by anti-B4, and lactose dampened the effect of the immunotoxin down to that of the MoAb. Moreover, the number of internalized immunotoxin molecules was higher than that of unconjugated MoAb. Although a mechanism involving dimerization of the immunotoxin cannot be excluded, our findings suggest that the residual binding activity of the blocked ricin B-chain to cell surface molecules plays an important role in the greater calcium fluxes and greater internalization rate of anti-B4-bR, and is of functional significance in the mechanism of intoxication of cells by the immunotoxin.
Nitric Oxide Yields of Contemporary UK, US and French Cigarettes (1987)

To determine what governs nitric oxide (NO) yields of cigarettes and to obtain a range of yields for contemporary cigarettes 17 UK, 14 US, 8 French and 1 Turkish brand were analysed using a chemiluminescent analyser and standard smoking machine. The country of origin appeared to be the major factor affecting NO yield. US and French brands exceeded UK values by 3-5 fold. Apart from a reduced NO yield in UK ventilated filtered brands, the design of a cigarette and its tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide (CO) yield had little effect on NO yield. It is argued that these international differences in NO yields reflect differences in the nitrate content of tobaccos traditionally used in manufacture in those countries over many years. Despite their probable increased lifetime exposure to NO (and by implication nitrosamine exposure) there appears to be little evidence that US and French smokers are at greater risk of lung disease than their UK counterparts.
Soviet Computer Technologyߞ1959 (1960)

The paper presents a factual account of the trip of the 1959 U. S. technical delegation in computers to the Soviet Union. It includes the itinerary, descriptions of specific Soviet computers, descriptions of certain computing centers, a discussion of Soviet computer-oriented education, and a description of current circuit and component development. In appendices are given the instruction repertoire of the URAL-I and the URAL-II machines, and an analysis of some magnetic cores. The paper is extensively illustrated and contains a bibliography of relevant Soviet documents.
Evaporated milk in California: Analysis made of in-plant costs and relationship between the unit cost of processing and output rate of plant production (1959)

California Agriculture - All Issues
Responses of Utah deer hunters to a checking station questionnaire (1989)

During the 1987 deer hunt 4,250 card questionnaires were distributed to Utah hunters at nine checking stations. Return rates varied from a mean 23% when cards were simply handed to hunters, to 50% when hunters' names and telephone numbers were taken. Results concerning methodology suggest that questionnaire surveys conducted from checking stations are efficient and accurate in obtaining hunter opinions. Questionnaire results indicated that most hunters rated the Utah deer hunt as moderately satisfactory, but may prefer alternative options that would result in a higher quality hunt. The majority of hunters indicated that hunter numbers should be limited to current levels or decreased. Unretrieved kill was reported as 21 deer per 100 hunters.
Azobenzene liquid crystal polymer-based membrane and cantilever optical systems (2009)

Optically deformable membranes and cantilevers based on azobenzene liquid crystal polymer networks (azo-LCN) are demonstrated in the context of dynamic optical systems. Large modulations in laser beam propagation direction or amplitude directed by laser-induced changes in material shape are demonstrated. These macroscopic shape changes are induced by local changes to the liquid crystalline order induced by photoisomerization processes. We demonstrate herein a number of concepts including the focusing and defocusing action of an azo-LCN membrane, laser beam steering from a bimorph azo-LCN/metal cantilever, and surface initiated bending and blocking of a parallel propagating laser beam. High speed and large angle deformations of an incident or reference beam is demonstrated when coupled into suitable optical architectures. The concepts under discussion appear to be highly practical for a number of applications due to the significant nonlinearity and photosensitivity of azo-LCN materials.
Remote Purchaser of Made-To-Order Goods Third-Party Beneficiary in Products Liability Law (1969)

1 This loss is generally included with property damage and direct pecuniary loss under the heading "economic loss."Recovery for "economic loss" in products liability cases has been the source of much confusion and apparent conflict.See Note, Economic Loss in Products Liability Jurisprudence, 66 COLum.L. REv.917, 943 (1966) for an analysis of the issues involved in recovery of "economic loss."2 Because the manufacturer normally lacks knowledge of the specific use to which his goods will be put, the nature and extent of profit loss is often unpredictable.See, e.g., Seely v. White Motor Co., 63 Cal.2d 9, 16-17, 403 P.2d 145, 150-51, 45 Cal.Rptr.17, 22-23 (1965); Goldberg v. KolIsman Instrument Corp., 12 N.Y.2d 432, 436-37, 191 N.E.2d 81, 82-83, 240 N.Y.S.2d
A Multi-Weapon Auto Aiming and Trigger System for Rapidly Deployable Armed Support Robots (2010)

Current weaponized robotic systems are too expensive for use by law enforcement agencies and yet are being demanded more and more by these agencies to augment existing human teams and to help expedite dangerous missions. In conjunction with Black-I Robotics Inc., this project developed a low-cost robotic device capable of accurately and safely firing a variety of semi-automatic weapons at stationary targets. The project involved the formulation of project specifications as well as the design, fabrication and testing of the device. This system will be further developed by the company and potentially mounted on the arm of a Black-I Robotics' LandShark robotic platform and to increase the marketability of their current LandShark robotic platform for use by law enforcement agencies.
Aligning Noisy Parallel Corpora Across Language Groups : Word Pair Feature Matching by Dynamic Time Warping (1994)

We propose a new algorithm called DK-vec for aligning pairs of Asian/Indo-European noisy parallel texts without sentence boundaries. DK-vec improves on previous alignment algorithms in that it handles better the non-linear nature of noisy corpora. The algorithm uses frequency, position and recency information as features for pattern matching. Dynamic Time Warping is used as the matching technique between word pairs. This algorithm produces a small bilingual lexicon which provides anchor points for alignment.
Poly(methyl methacrylate)-<i>block</i>-polyisobutylene-<i>block</i>-poly(methyl methacrylate) Thermoplastic Elastomers (1992)

Poly(methyl methacrylate-b-isobutylene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-PIB-PMMA) triblock copolymers have been synthesized by a combination of living cationic and living anionic polymerizations. The total synthesis involved five steps: 1.) The living cationic polymerization of isobutylene (IB) leading to well defined, narrow molecular weight distribution, α,ω-dichloropolyisobutylenes (tCl-PIB-tCl). 2.) The alkylation of toluene with tCl-PIB-tCl using AlCl3 at -78°C which yields α,ω-p-ditolylpolyisobutylene (CH3-Ø-PIB-Ø-CH3). 3.) The quantitative lithiation of the latter to α,ω-dibenzyllithiumpolyisobutylene (LiCH2-Ø-PIB-Ø-CH2Li) by using a complex of s-butyllithium (s-BuLi) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethyldiamine (TMEDA) (TMEDA/s-BuLi = 2) in n-hexane at 0°C for 48 hrs. 4.) The reaction of LiCH2-Ø-PIB-Ø-CH2Li with 1,1-diphenylethylene. 5.) The living anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with the latter intermediate. An inventory of various PMMA-PIB-PMMA have been prepared, characterized, and some of their mechanical properties studied. The molecular weight distribution of the triblocks was nearly identical to the PIB center block which indicates good blocking efficiency. DSC and DMTA showed two transitions (-61 and 105°C for PIB and PMMA, respectively) which indicates a two phase microarchitecture. Stress- strain measurements were performed on clear cast sheets and the data analyzed in terms of compositional information of these new thermoplastic elastomers.
The angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor: an enigmatic seven transmembrane receptor (2009)

Angiotensin II (AngII) interacts with two receptor subtypes, AT1 and AT2, belonging to the seven transmembrane receptor superfamily. Pharmacological investigations initially suggested that AT2 receptors antagonize AT1 effects. Data from AT2 receptor transgenic and knock-out mice have not been entirely consistent with this interpretation. At the cellular level, a clear mechanistic model of AT2 transduction and signalling has yet to emerge. The AT2 receptor displays the hallmark motifs and signature residues of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), but fails to demonstrate most of the classic features of GPCR signalling. In recent years, unbiased screens for AT2-interacting proteins have identified novel partner proteins involved in AT2 signalling, providing new insight into the mechanisms of AT2 action. A growing body of evidence suggests that the AT2 receptor is constitutively active (i.e. signals without AngII). This review critically evaluates controversies surrounding physiological functions and signalling mechanisms of the AT2 receptor, primarily in a cardiovascular context. Recent advances in the field are highlighted and findings challenging the concept that the AT2 receptor is a conventional angiotensin receptor are considered.
Adaptive Modulation for Multiantenna Transmissions With Channel Mean Feedback (2004)

Adaptive modulation has the potential to increase the system throughput significantly by matching transmitter parameters to time-varying channel conditions. However, adaptive modulation schemes that rely on perfect channel state information (CSI) are sensitive to CSI imperfections induced by estimation errors and feedback delays. In this paper, we design adaptive modulation schemes for multiantenna transmissions based on partial CSI, that models the spatial fading channels as Gaussian random variables with nonzero mean and white covariance, conditioned on feedback information. Based on a two-dimensional beamformer, our proposed transmitter optimally adapts the basis beams, the power allocation between two beams, and the signal constellation, to maximize the transmission rate, while maintaining a target bit-error rate. Adaptive trellis-coded multiantenna modulation is also investigated. Numerical results demonstrate the rate improvement, and illustrate an interesting tradeoff that emerges between feedback quality and hardware complexity.
Summer Annual Weed Control with 2,4-D and Glyphosate (2012)

The introduction of 2,4-D-resistant crops stacked with glyphosate resistance will enable the use of 2,4-D and glyphosate for weed control in corn, cotton, and soybean. Because there is little reported on the effectiveness of 2,4-D plus glyphosate on summer annual weed control, the objective was to evaluate 2,4-D and glyphosate tank mixtures on summer annual weed control. Six rates of 2,4-D (0, 280, 420, 560, 840, and 1,120 g ae ha −1 ) and three rates of glyphosate (0, 840, and 1,120 g ae ha −1 ) were applied to common lambsquarters, common waterhemp, giant ragweed, giant foxtail, and velvetleaf. Glyphosate at 840 g ha −1 controlled all weeds 94 to 100%. Giant ragweed was controlled 99 to 100% by 2,4-D alone when rates were 280 g ha −1 or higher. Common lambsquarters, common waterhemp, and velvetleaf control increased as 2,4-D rates increased, with 1,120 g ha −1 providing 90 to 94% control.
Subcellular Distribution and Redistribution of Bcl-2 Family Proteins in Human Leukemia Cells Undergoing Apoptosis (1999)

It has been suggested that the ratio of Bcl-2 family proapoptotic proteins to antiapoptotic proteins determines the sensitivity of leukemic cells to apoptosis. However, it is believed that Bcl-2 family proteins exert their function on apoptosis only when they target to the mitochondrial outer membrane. The vinblastine-resistant T-lymphoblastic leukemic cell line CEM/VLB100 has increased sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced cytochrome c release, mitochondrial respiratory inhibition, and consequently apoptosis, compared with parental CEM cells. However, there was no difference between the two cell lines in the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-XS, Bad, and Bax at the whole cell level, as analyzed by Western blotting. Bcl-2 mainly located to mitochondria and light membrane as a membrane-bound protein, whereas Bcl-XL was located in both mitochondria and cytosol. Similar levels of both Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL were present in the resting mitochondria of the two cell lines. Although the proapoptotic proteins Bcl-XS, Bad, and Bax were mainly located in the cytosol, CEM/VLB100 mitochondria expressed higher levels of these proapoptotic proteins. Subcellular redistribution of the Bcl-2 family proteins was detected in a cell-free system by both Western blotting and flow cytometry after exposure to TNF-alpha. The levels of Bcl-2 family proteins were not altered at the whole cell level by TNF-alpha. However, after exposure to TNF-alpha, Bax, Bad, and Bcl-XS translocated from the cytosol to the mitochondria of both cell lines. An increase in Bcl-2 levels was observed in CEM mitochondria, which showed resistance to TNF-alpha-induced cytochrome c release. By contrast, decreased mitochondrial Bcl-2 was observed in CEM/VLB100 cells, which released cytochrome c from the mitochondria and underwent apoptosis as detected by fluorescence microscopy. We conclude that mitochondrial levels of Bcl-2 family proteins may determine the sensitivity of leukemic cells to apoptosis and that, furthermore, these levels may change rapidly after exposure of cells to toxic stimuli.
Epoxy Nanocomposites Based on High Temperature Pyridinium-Modified Clays (2009)

Polymer/clay nanocomposites are generally fabricated by thermal curing or melt compounding at elevated temperatures, however the thermal stability of common alkyl ammonium treated clays is poor and decomposition occurs inevitably during high temperature processing. In this study, we modified clays with an aromatic pyridinium salt. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the onset degradation temperature (Td(onset)) and maximum decomposition temperature (Td(max)) of the pyridinium treatment clays was up to 310 and 457 degrees C respectively implying high thermal stability. The thermal decomposition behaviour of the pyridinium modified clays was discussed. A series of epoxy/clay nanocomposites were synthesized using a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy and diethyltoluene diamine (DETDA). The morphology of epoxy/clay nanocomposites was characterized with wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), and intercalated structures were observed. The storage modulus of epoxy was increased but glass transition temperature was decreased with clay incorporation. The effects of clays on glass transition temperature (Tg) of epoxy were also discussed.
Involvement of distinct arrestin-1 elements in binding to different functional forms of rhodopsin (2012)

Solution NMR spectroscopy of labeled arrestin-1 was used to explore its interactions with dark-state phosphorylated rhodopsin (P-Rh), phosphorylated opsin (P-opsin), unphosphorylated light-activated rhodopsin (Rh*), and phosphorylated light-activated rhodopsin (P-Rh*). Distinct sets of arrestin-1 elements were seen to be engaged by Rh* and inactive P-Rh, which induced conformational changes that differed from those triggered by binding of P-Rh*. Although arrestin-1 affinity for Rh* was seen to be low (K(D) > 150 μM), its affinity for P-Rh (K(D) ~80 μM) was comparable to the concentration of active monomeric arrestin-1 in the outer segment, suggesting that P-Rh generated by high-gain phosphorylation is occupied by arrestin-1 under physiological conditions and will not signal upon photo-activation. Arrestin-1 was seen to bind P-Rh* and P-opsin with fairly high affinity (K(D) of~50 and 800 nM, respectively), implying that arrestin-1 dissociation is triggered only upon P-opsin regeneration with 11-cis-retinal, precluding noise generated by opsin activity. Based on their observed affinity for arrestin-1, P-opsin and inactive P-Rh very likely affect the physiological monomer-dimer-tetramer equilibrium of arrestin-1, and should therefore be taken into account when modeling photoreceptor function. The data also suggested that complex formation with either P-Rh* or P-opsin results in a global transition in the conformation of arrestin-1, possibly to a dynamic molten globule-like structure. We hypothesize that this transition contributes to the mechanism that triggers preferential interactions of several signaling proteins with receptor-activated arrestins.
Body Mass Index and Episodic Headaches<subtitle>A Population-Based Study</subtitle> (2007)

These findings support the concept that obesity is an exacerbating factor for migraine but not for other types of episodic headaches.
Serum free light chain measurement aids the diagnosis of myeloma in patients with severe renal failure (2008)

Measurement of serum FLC concentrations and calculation of the serum kappa/lambda ratio is a convenient, sensitive and specific method for identifying monoclonal FLC production in patients with multiple myeloma and acute renal failure. Rapid diagnosis in these patients will allow early initiation of disease specific treatment, such as chemotherapy plus or minus therapies for direct removal of FLCs.