gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MIMO LPV State‐Space Identification of Open‐Flow Irrigation Canal Systems (2012)

Canal systems are complex nonlinear, distributed parameter systems with changing parameters according to the operating point. In this paper, a linear parameter‐varying (LPV) state‐space canal control model is obtained by identification in a local way using a multimodel approach. This LPV identification procedure is based on subspace methods for different operating points of an irrigation canal covering the full operation range. Different subspace algorithms have been used and compared. The model that best represents the canal behavior in a precise manner has been chosen, and it has been validated by error functions and analysis correlation of residuals in a laboratory multireach pilot canal providing satisfactory results.
Comparison of the secondary structures of human class I and class II major histocompatibility complex antigens by Fourier transform infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopy. (1989)

We have examined the secondary structures of human class I and class II histocompatibility antigens in solution by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism in order to compare the relative amounts of alpha-helix, beta-sheet, and other structures, which are crucial elements in the comparison of the protein structures. Quantitation of infrared spectra of papain-solubilized HLA-A2, HLA-B7, and DR1 in phosphate buffer gave alpha-helix contents of 17%, 8%, and 10% and beta-sheet contents of 41%, 48%, and 53%, respectively. By circular dichroism, papain-solubilized HLA-A2, HLA-B7, and DR1 were also found to have comparable alpha-helix contents (e.g., 8%, 20%, and 17%, respectively). Circular dichroism analysis for beta-sheet gave 29% for papain-solubilized HLA-B7 and 42% for papain-solubilized DR1. The value for papain-solubilized HLA-A2 (74%) was anomalous. It is proposed that Trp-107 of HLA-A2, missing in both HLA-B7 and DR1, may be responsible for much of the anomaly. Due to the uncertainties inherent in quantitation of the amounts of secondary structures by both spectral methods, the differences in the contents of alpha-helix and beta-sheet in the three proteins are not considered significant. However, differences in the nature of the beta-sheet structures are suggested by infrared spectroscopy. These results provide physical evidence for an overall structure of class II antigens modeled on that of class I antigens.
Lithic Procurement and Rock Varnish Dating: Investigations at CA-KER-140, A Small Quarry in the Western Mojave Desert (1992)

This document presents the results of data recovery investigations at CA-KER-140, a siliceous quarry in the Fremont Valley of the western Mojave Desert. These investigations involved two major research goals. The first goal was to better understand how the quarry was used, and what its role was in the prehistoric adaptive system of the valley. The second goal had to do with assessing a recently introduced dating technique, rock varnish cation-ratio analyses. The data indicate that CA-KER-140 was not intensively exploited. Instead, the quarry appears to have been used primarily on an opportunistic, expedient basis; perhaps by sedentary or semi-sedentary populations that resided in nearby hamlets after about A.D. 500. Although some bifacial reduction is indicated at the quarry, most materials appear to have been only slightly reduced prior to off-site transport. The relatively poor quality of the CA-KER-140 chert, and the nearby availability of higher quality material, is probably responsible for the relatively low levels of exploitation. Cation-ratio analysis of rock varnish from the site was undertaken to determine whether artifacts from CA-KER-140 could be dated using this relatively new technique. Cation-ratio analysis relies on chemical changes in rock varnish to date varnished lithic materials. Prior to attempting to date specific artifacts, we conducted a test to determine whether cation ratios are temporally patterned at CA-KER-140. Because our results indicate that cation ratios are not temporally patterned at CA-KER-140, we could not use cation ratios to date artifacts at the site. Our findings call into question the validity and accuracy of the varnish cation-ratio dating technique, particularly for assigning chronometric or relative ages to surface artifacts.
FlyAR: Augmented Reality Supported Micro Aerial Vehicle Navigation (2014)

Micro aerial vehicles equipped with high-resolution cameras can be used to create aerial reconstructions of an area of interest. In that context automatic flight path planning and autonomous flying is often applied but so far cannot fully replace the human in the loop, supervising the flight on-site to assure that there are no collisions with obstacles. Unfortunately, this workflow yields several issues, such as the need to mentally transfer the aerial vehicle’s position between 2D map positions and the physical environment, and the complicated depth perception of objects flying in the distance. Augmented Reality can address these issues by bringing the flight planning process on-site and visualizing the spatial relationship between the planned or current positions of the vehicle and the physical environment. In this paper, we present Augmented Reality supported navigation and flight planning of micro aerial vehicles by augmenting the user’s view with relevant information for flight planning and live feedback for flight supervision. Furthermore, we introduce additional depth hints supporting the user in understanding the spatial relationship of virtual waypoints in the physical world and investigate the effect of these visualization techniques on the spatial understanding.
Effects of cholesterol and simvastatin treatment in patients with Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS) (2007)

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a malformation syndrome caused by deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase catalysing the last step of cholesterol biosynthesis. This results in an accumulation of 7- and 8-dehydrocholesterol (7 + 8-DHC) and, in most patients, a deficiency of cholesterol. Current therapy consists of dietary cholesterol supplementation, which raises plasma cholesterol levels, but clinical effects have been reported in only a few patients. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors were shown to reduce 7 + 8-DHC levels and increase cholesterol concentrations in two small trials with divergent clinical outcome. This retrolective study evaluates the effects of cholesterol only and of cholesterol plus the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin on plasma sterols in 39 SLOS patients and on anthropometric measures in 20 SLOS patients. Cholesterol as well as additional simvastatin decreased the plasma (7 + 8-DHC)/cholesterol ratio. However, the mechanism leading to the decreasing ratio was different. Whereas it was due to an increasing cholesterol concentration in the cholesterol-only cohort, a decreasing 7 + 8-DHC concentration was demonstrated in the cohort receiving additional simvastatin. We could not confirm a positive effect of simvastatin treatment on anthropometric measures or behaviour, as previously reported.
The Elastic Behaviour of a Crystalline Aggregate (1952)

The connection between the elastic behaviour of an aggregate and a single crystal is considered, with special reference to the theories of Voigt, Reuss, and Huber and Schmid. The elastic limit under various stress systems is also considered, in particular, it is shown that the tensile elastic limit of a face-centred aggregate cannot exceed two-thirds of the stress at which pronounced plastic distortion occurs.
Axonal regeneration and synapse formation in the superior colliculus by retinal ganglion cells in the adult rat (1987)

In adult rats, one optic nerve was transected and replaced by a 4 cm segment of autologous peripheral nerve (PN) that linked one eye and the superior colliculus (SC) along a predominantly extracranial course. Retrograde and orthograde studies with the tracers HRP or rhodamine-B-isothiocyanate (RITC), as well as immunocytochemical neuronal labels, indicated the following: (1) Regenerating axons from the axotomized retinal ganglion cells extended along the entire PN grafts, covering a distance nearly twice that of the normal retinotectal projection of intact rats. (2) Some of these axons penetrated the SC and formed terminal arborizations up to 500 microns from the end of the graft. (3) By electron microscopy, the arborizations of these regenerated axons in the SC were seen as small HRP-labeled axonal profiles that contacted neuronal processes in the SC; some of these contacts showed pre- and postsynaptic membrane specializations. These findings indicate that injured retinal ganglion cells in the adult rat are not only able to regrow lengthy axons, but may also form synapses in the SC.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Two Ginsenoside Re-β-xylosides (2001)

Two new beta-xylosyl derivatives of ginsenoside Re, 20(S)-protopanaxatriol 6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol 6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, were respectively synthesized from p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xylopyranoside and phenyl beta-D-xylopyranoside as donors and ginsenoside Re as the acceptor in 25% acetone and acetonitrile by a cellulase preparation from Trichoderma viride and a beta-galactosidase preparation from Aspergillus oryzae. The latter enzyme preparation also catalyzed the hydrolysis of ginsenoside Re to the minor saponin, ginsenoside Rg2.
Blast-Related Brain Injury: Imaging for Clinical and Research Applications: Report of the 2008 St. Louis Workshop (2009)

Blast-related traumatic brain injury (bTBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been of particular relevance to the military and civilian health care sectors since the onset of the Global War on Terror, and TBI has been called the "signature injury" of this war. Currently there are many questions about the fundamental nature, diagnosis, and long-term consequences of bTBI and its relationship to PTSD. This workshop was organized to consider these questions and focus on how brain imaging techniques may be used to enhance current diagnosis, research, and treatment of bTBI. The general conclusion was that although the study of blast physics in non-biological systems is mature, few data are presently available on key topics such as blast exposure in combat scenarios, the pathological characteristics of human bTBI, and imaging signatures of bTBI. Addressing these gaps is critical to the success of bTBI research. Foremost among our recommendations is that human autopsy and pathoanatomical data from bTBI patients need to be obtained and disseminated to the military and civilian research communities, and advanced neuroimaging used in studies of acute, subacute, and chronic cases, to determine whether there is a distinct pathoanatomical signature that correlates with long-term functional impairment, including PTSD. These data are also critical for the development of animal models to illuminate fundamental mechanisms of bTBI and provide leads for new treatment approaches. Brain imaging will need to play an increasingly important role as gaps in the scientific knowledge of bTBI and PTSD are addressed through increased coordination, cooperation, and data sharing among the academic and military biomedical research communities.
Distribution of high-voltage-activated calcium channels in cultured γ-aminobutyric acidergic neurons from mouse cerebral cortex (2002)

The localization of voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) α1 subunits in cultured GABAergic mouse cortical neurons was examined by immunocytochemical methods. Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 subunits of L-type VGCCs were found in cell bodies and dendrites of GABA-immunopositive neurons. Likewise, the Cav2.3 subunit of R-type VGCCs was expressed in a somatodendritic pattern. Cav2.2 subunits of N-type channels were found exclusively in small varicosities that were identified as presynaptic nerve terminals based on their expression of synaptic marker proteins. Two splice variants of the Cav2.1 subunit of P/Q-type VGCCs showed widely differing expression patterns. The rbA isoform displayed a purely somatodendritic staining pattern, whereas the BI isoform was confined to axon-like fibers and nerve terminals. The nerve terminals of these cultured GABAergic neurons express Cav2.2 either alone or in combination with Cav2.1 (BI isoform) but never express Cav2.1 alone. The functional association between VGCCs and the neurotransmitter release machinery was probed using the FM1-43 dye-labeling technique. N-type VGCCs were found to be tightly coupled to exocytosis in these cultured cortical neurons, and P-type VGCCs were also important in a fraction of the cells. The predominant role of N-type VGCCs in neurotransmitter release and the specific localization of the BI isoform of Cav2.1 in the nerve terminals of these neurons distinguish them from previously studied central neurons. The complementary localization patterns observed for two different isoforms of the Cav2.1 subunits provide direct evidence for alternative splicing as a means of generating functional diversity among neuronal calcium channels. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Enzymic Synthesis of Lignin Precursors Comparison of Cinnamoyl‐CoA Reductase and Cinnamyl Alcohol: NADP<sup>+</sup> Dehydrogenase from Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> L.) and Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) (1981)

Cambial sap of spruce (Picea abies) proved to be a good source for isolation of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and cinnamyl alcohol:NADP+ dehydrogenase. Apparently homogeneous enzymes were obtained by a multistep procedure including dye-ligand chromatography and for the reductase also affinity chromatography on (coenzyme A)-agarose. An improved purification procedure for the reductase from soybean cell cultures is also reported. Molecular weights and subunit composition of reductase and dehydrogenase from spruce are very similar to those of the corresponding enzymes from soybean. Reduction of feruloyl-CoA to coniferaldehyde catalysed by the reductase is a freely reversible reaction with an equilibrium constant of 5.6 x 10(-4) M at pH 6.25. A strong dependence of the Michaelis constants on the type of buffer was found. For reductase the Km-value of feruloyl-CoA in phosphate buffer (5.2 microM) is about 14-times similar than in citrate buffer (73 microM). Pronounced differences in substrate specificities between the enzymes from spruce and soybean were found, which reflect the different lignin composition of gymnosperms and dicotyledenous angiosperms. From the kinetic constants of the enzymes it can be concluded that under physiological conditions feruloyl-CoA is the preferred substrate for the reductase from both sources whereas sinapoyl-CoA is a substrate only for the soybean reductase and sinapyldehyde a substrate only for the soybean dehydrogenase. 4-Coumaroyl-CoA is a poor substrate for the reductase from both spruce and soybean. This result is consistent with the low content of 4-coumaryl alcohol units in gymnosperm and angiosperm lignin.
Prostaglandins, chorioamnionitis and preterm labour (1987)

The production of prostaglandin E (PGE) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) by amnion was measured in vitro in 12 women delivered after spontaneous preterm labour and in 15 women delivered after spontaneous labour at term. The placenta and fetal membranes were examined histologically in all cases. PGE output (fmol/mg dry weight/2 h) in the amnions from uncomplicated preterm deliveries was low (median 486, range 232-3203, n = 7) compared with the values obtained after spontaneous labour at term (5529, 1722-14,226, n = 15). In amnions from preterm deliveries complicated by acute chorioamnionitis or round cell infiltration there was massive release of PGE (15,262, 10,905-27,640, n = 5) which was accompanied by an increase in LTB4 production. Inflammatory infiltration of the fetal membranes results in a huge increase in PG production which could cause preterm labour.
Determining the user locations for personal communications services networks (1994)

In a personal communications services system, it is required to locate the destination portable when an incoming call arrives. The author proposes a simple location tracking scheme called the T-threshold location cache scheme. In the scheme, a threshold T is used to determine whether a cached location record is obsolete. When the incoming call frequency changes, this scheme adaptively modifies the threshold to yield the best performance. An analytical model is proposed to study the T-threshold scheme. The analysis indicates that the T-threshold scheme effectively reduces the network traffic compared to the IS-41 scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On Separating Interleaved Pulse Trains (1974)

A transform is defined wherein a signal which consists of a large number of independent pulse trains can be analyzed and deinterleaved according to pulse repetition interval (PRI) even though constituent trains may occur as follows: 1) grouped in "scan" bursts, 2) as synchronized n-tuplets, 3) incomplete due to "dropouts," 4) as staggered trains, or 5) with harmonically related PRI's. Computer simulations displaying some of the features of the transform are included. Detectability criteria are discussed.
The antigens of Pasteurella multocida type I. I. Capsular polysaccharides. (1960)

Dried cells of Pasteurella multocida type I were extracted with 2.5 per cent aqueous solution of sodium chloride. Acidification of the extract with HCl to pH 3.8 yielded a fraction containing protein with some polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide. This was removed by centrifugation. Addition of ethanol to the supernatant precipitated a polysaccharide containing fructose, mannose, glucose and glucosamine. This polysaccharide could be further fractionated into products containing varying proportions of glucosamine and fructose. It is produced by both `blue' non-capsulated and `fluorescent' capsulated phases of the same strains. From the former it is almost entirely released into the surrounding medium instead of remaining bound to the surface layers of the bacteria. The purified (heterogeneous) polysaccharide fraction is precipitable and fixes complement with homologous sera. When added in repeated amounts to rabbit and cattle sera against whole bacteria until no further precipitate formed it reduced but did not abolish the mouse-protective power of the sera. It did not immunize mice to challenge when injected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in doses ranging from 2 to 100 μg.
Application of automated matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for the measurement of enzyme activities (2001)

Sample preparation methods and data acquisition protocols were optimized for the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) to high-throughput quantitative analysis of low molecular mass substrates and products of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Using a deuterlum-labeled internal standard, precise standard curves were obtained (r(2) = 0.9998) over two orders of magnitude of concentration of rac-1-phenylethylamine (PEA), which is converted to 2-methoxy-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]acetamide (MET) by a lipase-catalyzed reaction with ethylmethoxyacetate (EMA) as second substrate. Reliable relative standard deviations were achieved (< or =5%) using automated analysis with peak intensity ratios between 0.2 and 5 of analyte to internal standard. This method permitted quantitative analysis of the lipase reaction, producing results comparable to those from gas chromatographic (GC) analysis in the dynamic range of GC. This work shows that MALDI-TOFMS can be applied for the high-throughput screening of enzymes.
Layer by Layer Validation of Geometrical Accuracy in Additive Manufacturing Processes (2013)

Geometrical inaccuracy from shrinkage and residual stress-induced deformations are key sources of defects in Additive Manufacturing (AM). In most AM processes the CAD model is represented by an STL file which is sliced into layers. The Common Layer Interface (CLI) and StereoLithography Interface (SLI) files are two layer file formats which store this slice information and can be data mined to analyze sources of error. By comparing the original STL file against a ‘stacked’ model based upon SLI and CLI files, a “theoretical" part accuracy can be created. In addition, these SLI/CLI files can be combined with detailed process parameter knowledge such as scan pattern, laser power, scan speed, etc., to enable a numerical prediction of part accuracy and deformations on a layer-by-layer basis. This paper introduces a research project which is developing software and hardware tools to enable prediction and measurement of part dimensions on a layer-by-layer basis with the goal of real-time part quality validation and closed loop control.
Fabrication of mesoporous polymer using soft template method (2005)

Mesoporous polymer materials were fabricated from micelle/polymer precursors prepared by the micelle template method in reverse microemulsion systems and the pore size could be tuned by varying the type and concentration of surfactant.
Gastric mucosal pH is definitely obsolete-Please tell us more about gastric mucosal PCO2 (1998)

SCOPUS: ed.j
Ambient Fabrication of Large‐Area Graphene Films via a Synchronous Reduction and Assembly Strategy (2013)

A synchronous reduction and assembly strategy is designed to fabricate large-area graphene films and patterns with tunable transmittance and conductivity. Through an oxidation-reduction reaction between the metal substrate and graphene oxide, graphene oxide is reduced to chemically converted graphene and is organized into highly ordered films in situ. This work will form the precedent for industrial-scale production of graphene materials for future applications in electronics and optoelectronics.
Qualitative and Quantitative Variables that Affect the Potency of Fc- Mediated Effector Function In Vitro and In Vivo: Considerations for Passive Immunization Using Non-Neutralizing Antibodies (2013)

Passive immunization studies in non-human primates have established unequivocally that virus neutralization can prevent infection, providing the impetus for current intense efforts to identify immunogens that elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies in humans. Although Fc-mediated effector function may also contribute to protection by neutralizing antibodies, its role in protection by non-neutralizing antibodies is controversial. Here, I review the literature suggesting a role for Fc-mediated effector by non-neutralizing antibodies in protective immunity against HIV-1 with a primary focus on antibody mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and related responses such as antibody-dependent cellular viral inhibition (ADCVI). Special emphasis is placed on qualitative and quantitative variables including antibody specificity and dose-response behavior in vitro and in vivo, which I propose as key variables in future passive immunization studies. Properly configured, these studies should clarify the role of Fc-mediated effector function by nonneutralizing antibodies in protection against HIV-1.
The nature and location of intramolecular cross-links in collagen. (1966)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.