gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooperative control for sharing applications based on distributed multiparty desktop conferencing system: MERMAID (2003)

A distributed multiparty desktop conferencing system, called MERMAID, was developed for supporting a wide range of group cooperative work. The authors discuss basic conditions for shared applications and present a sharing control scheme using MERMAID-served functions. The scheme is based on a replicated architecture, in which a copy of the application runs at every site or workstation. MERMAID provides communication functions for maintaining an identical state across all copies of an application in a replicated architecture. Two examples are included. One is an example of sharing an inherently single-user application, and the other is of sharing an application with access to external resources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Drug delivery vectors based on filamentous bacteriophages and phage-mimetic nanoparticles (2017)

With the development of nanomedicine, a mass of nanocarriers have been exploited and utilized for targeted drug delivery, including liposomes, polymers, nanoparticles, viruses, and stem cells. Due to huge surface bearing capacity and flexible genetic engineering property, filamentous bacteriophage and phage-mimetic nanoparticles are attracting more and more attentions. As a rod-like bio-nanofiber without tropism to mammalian cells, filamentous phage can be easily loaded with drugs and directly delivered to the lesion location. In particular, chemical drugs can be conjugated on phage surface by chemical modification, and gene drugs can also be inserted into the genome of phage by recombinant DNA technology. Meanwhile, specific peptides/proteins displayed on the phage surface are able to conjugate with nanoparticles which will endow them specific-targeting and huge drug-loading capacity. Additionally, phage peptides/proteins can directly self-assemble into phage-mimetic nanoparticles which may be applied for self-navigating drug delivery nanovehicles. In this review, we summarize the production of phage particles, the identification of targeting peptides, and the recent applications of filamentous bacteriophages as well as their protein/peptide for targeting drug delivery in vitro and in vivo. The improvement of our understanding of filamentous bacteriophage and phage-mimetic nanoparticles will supply new tools for biotechnological approaches.
Lipocalin 2 promotes lung metastasis of murine breast cancer cells (2008)

These results clarified that lipocalin 2 could promote lung metastasis of 4T1 cells through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that lipocalin 2 was a potential target for therapy of breast cancer.
Studies on Thiazolidinones. Part-XIV Synthesis of 3,3'Bisthiazolidinones and 2,2-Disubstituted Thiazolidinones from Azomethines (1983)

Department of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur-768 017 <em>Manuscript received 26 August 1982, accepted 24 June 1983</em> Several new 3,3'-\(bis\)thiazolidinones (III) and 2,2-disubstituted thiazolidinones (VIII) have been synthesised by the cycloadditive dehydration of thioglycolic acid to the azo­methin derivatives (II) and (VII) prepared from the aliphatic diamines and heterocyclic monoamines, respectively. The structure of the compounds have been confirmed from the spectral data and elemental analysis. The fungicidal and bactericidal activities of the compounds have also been evaluated.
Furopyridines. <b>XIII</b>. Reaction of 2‐methylfuro[2,3‐<i>b</i>]‐, ‐[3,2‐<i>b</i>]‐, ‐[2,3‐<i>c</i>]‐ and ‐[3,2‐<i>c</i>]pyridines with lithium diisopropylamide (1993)

Abstract Lithiation of 2‐methylfuro[2,3‐ b ]‐ 1a , ‐[2,3‐ c ]‐ 1c and ‐[3,2‐ c ]pyridine 1d with lithium diisopropylamide at −75° and subsequent treatment with deuterium chloride in deuterium oxide afforded 2‐monodeuteriomethyl compounds 2a, 2c and 2d , while 2‐methylfuro[3,2‐ b ]pyridine 1b gave a mixture of 1b, 2b , 2‐methyl‐3‐deuteriofuro[3,2‐ b ]pyridine 2′b and 2‐(1‐proynyl)pyridin‐3‐ol 5 . The same reaction of 1a at −40° gave 3‐(1,2‐propadienyl)pyridin‐2‐ol 3 and 3‐(2‐propynyl)pyridin‐2‐ol 4 . Reaction of the lithio intermediates from 1a, 1c and 1d with benzaldehyde, propionaldehyde and acetone afforded the corresponding alcohol derivatives 6a, 6c, 6d, 7a, 7c, 7d, 8a, 8c and 8d in excellent yield; while the reaction of lithio intermediate from 1b gave the expected alcohols 6b and 8b in lower yields accompanied by formation of 3‐alkylated compounds 9, 11, 12 and compound 5 . While reaction of the intermediates from 1a, 1b and 1d with N,N ‐dimethylacetamide yielded the 2‐acetonyl compounds 13a, 13b and 13d in good yield, the same reaction of 1c did not give any acetylated product but recovery of the starting compound almost quantitatively.
Plasma Concentrations of Afamin Are Associated With the Prevalence and Development of Metabolic Syndrome (2014)

This study in transgenic mice and >5000 participants in epidemiological studies shows that afamin is strongly associated with the prevalence and development of metabolic syndrome and all its components.
Summarizing Entity Descriptions for Effective and Efficient Human-centered Entity Linking (2015)

Entity linking connects the Web of documents with knowledge bases. It is the task of linking an entity mention in text to its corresponding entity in a knowledge base. Whereas a large body of work has been devoted to automatically generating candidate entities, or ranking and choosing from them, manual efforts are still needed, e.g., for defining gold-standard links for evaluating automatic approaches, and for improving the quality of links in crowdsourcing approaches. However, structured descriptions of entities in knowledge bases are sometimes very long. To avoid overloading human users with too much information and help them more efficiently choose an entity from candidates, we aim to substitute entire entity descriptions with compact, equally effective structured summaries that are automatically generated. To achieve it, our approach analyzes entity descriptions in the knowledge base and the context of entity mention from multiple perspectives, including characterizing and differentiating power, information overlap, and relevance to context. Extrinsic evaluation (where human users carry out entity linking tasks) and intrinsic evaluation (where human users rate summaries) demonstrate that summaries generated by our approach help human users carry out entity linking tasks more efficiently (22-23% faster), without significantly affecting the quality of links obtained; and our approach outperforms existing approaches to summarizing entity descriptions.
Factors Affecting Virus Photoinactivation by a Series of Phenothiazine Dyes (1998)

A series of four phenothiazine dyes, including methylene blue (MB), were previously tested for their ability to photoinactivate viruses in red cell suspensions. One of the dyes, 1,9-dimethyl-3-dimethylamino-7-dimethylaminophenothiazine (1,9-dimethylmethylene blue), exhibited good intracellular and extracellular virucidal activity for several RNA and DNA viruses under conditions that minimally affected red cell properties. In order to understand why the virucidal specificity of 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue was greater than other phenothiazines tested, the physical and chemical properties of the dye were compared to three other closely related analogues (MB, 1,9-dimethyl-3-diethylamino-7-dibutylaminophenothiazine [compound 4-140], 1,9-dimethyl-3-dimethylamino-7-diethylaminophenothiazine [compound 6-136]). All compounds required light and oxygen for virucidal activity and had relatively high singlet oxygen yields (> 0.5), but 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue had a singlet oxygen yield approximately 50% greater than that of MB. In addition, the hydrophobicity/hydophilicity of the compounds varied, with the partition coefficients (2-octanol : water) ranging from 0.11 for MB to 3560 for compound 4-140. The dyes had the following affinities for DNA: 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue > compound 6-136 > MB approximately compound 4-140. This order was similar to the order of activities for photoinactivation of the nonenveloped bacteriophage, R17, by the four compounds. Results with the most hydrophobic compound, 4-140, contrasted with those obtained with 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue. Compound 4-140 had a high affinity for protein and a low affinity for DNA. Although compound 4-140 and light inactivated the nonenveloped bacteriophage R17 poorly, the dye readily photoinactivated enveloped viruses in buffer. However, unlike results with 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue, viral inactivation of enveloped viruses by compound 4-140 was completely inhibited by the presence of red cells and plasma. Thus, the high affinity of 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue for DNA and the dye's efficient singlet oxygen yield suggest viral nucleic acid as a potential target, which could explain the photosensitizer's ability to inactivate viruses without adversely affecting anucleate red cells.
Long-term alcohol self-administration with repeated alcohol deprivation phases: an animal model of alcoholism? (1999)

In order to study the neurobiological and molecular mechanisms of alcohol dependence and addiction, appropriate animal models are warranted. Although animal models cannot incorporate all aspects and criteria of an addictive behaviour to alcohol seen in human alcoholics, they can at least reflect some of the criteria given in the fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association (1994). Novel aspects of addictive behaviour to alcohol, craving and relapse might be uncovered by animal models of long-term, free-choice, alcohol self-administration followed by alcohol deprivation phases. After several months of voluntary alcohol consumption, the drug-taking behaviour following a deprivation (withdrawal) phase is characterized by increased alcohol intake and preference (alcohol deprivation effect) and changes in alcohol intake patterns where animals consume large amounts of highly concentrated alcohol solutions even at inappropriate times (e.g. during the inactive light phase when drinking activity is minimal). Altogether, alcohol drinking following alcohol deprivation seems to become uncontrolled and inelastic, reflecting an incentive demand for the drug in such a model. Furthermore, the alcohol deprivation effect outlasts very long abstinence phases, which indicates the persistence of a drug memory for alcohol.
Protecting Critical Infrastructure (2014)

We tend to take electronic communications for granted. Like power and water it's always there, but although it's a part of the critical national infrastructure (CNI), this doesn't mean it can't or doesn't fail from time to time says David Sutton.
Determination of Acoustical Conditions in Open-Plan Offices: Proposal for New Measurement Method and Target Values (2009)

Noise is the most detrimental factor of the indoor environment in open-plan offices. Speech is the most distracting source of noise. Distraction and speech privacy can be estimated objectively by determining speech intelligibility between workstations. Previously used measurement methods have focused on two neighbouring workstations. However, noise complaints are not restricted to the nearest workstation. The aim of this paper is to suggest a new method to measure and characterize the acoustical conditions of the whole office space, including both short and long distances from the speaker. The method should result in compact and expedient single-number quantities to improve the utilization of the method in building design. The measurement is carried out between workstations along a line consisting of at least 4 workstations. Measurements are made for background noise level, spatial reduction of Speech Transmission Index, STI, and spatial reduction of the SPL of normal effort speech. An omni-directional loudspeaker is used. The acoustic performance of offices could be logically described by three single number quantities: distraction distance, r D , spatial attenuation rate of A-weighted SPL of speech, DL 2 , and SPL of speech at a distance of 4 metres, L p.S,4m . The method has been validated in 16 offices which varied significantly in room geometry, furniture and absorption. The differences between offices were unexpectedly large. Recommendations are presented for new target values which are already adopted in two Finnish guidelines.
Genetic Engineering and Improvement of a Zymomonas mobilis for Arabinose Utilization and Its Performance on Pretreated Corn Stover Hydrolyzate (2015)

A glucose, xylose and arabinose utilizing Zymomonas mobilis strain was constructed by incorporating arabinose catabolic pathway genes, araBAD encoding L-ribulokinase, L-arabinose isomerase and L-ribulose-5-phosphate- 4-epimerase in a glucose, xylose co-fermenting host, 8b, using a transposition integration approach. Further improvement on this arabinose-capable integrant, 33C was achieved by applying a second transposition to create a genomic knockout (KO) mutant library. Using arabinose as a sole carbon source and a selection pressure, the KO library was subjected to a growth-enrichment process involving continuous sub-culturing for over 120 generations. Strain 13-1-17, isolated from such process demonstrated significant improvement in metabolizing arabinose in a dilute acid pretreated, saccharified corn stover slurry. Through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis, integration sites of the transposons were identified. Furthermore, multiple additional point mutations (SNPs: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) were discovered in 13-1-17, affecting genes araB and RpiB in the genome. We speculate that these mutations may have impacted the expression of the enzymes coded by these genes, ribulokinase and Ribose 5-P-isomerase, thus attributing to the improvement of the arabinose utilization.
Electrochemical sensing of hydrazine using multilayer graphene nanobelts (2016)

The electrochemical sensing property of multilayer graphene nanobelts (GNB) towards hydrazine is studied. GNB shows excellent sensitivity towards hydrazine with good stability and selectivity.
Paradigm shifts in clinical trials enabled by information technology (2001)

The use of the world wide web for clinical trials changes the processes of performing clinical research in several fundamental ways. Greatly improved security, monitoring capability, and accuracy and timeliness of study conduct can be achieved while lowering cost. Data quality is enhanced while co-ordinating centre effort is reduced. The web provides a natural environment for linking the various components of clinical research, leading to new levels of simplicity and efficiency. It also enhances opportunities for recruitment of study investigators and patients. Other information technology tools and databases can be used to assist in this regard as well. Web-based trials change the relationship of the investigator site to the study and the site to the co-ordinating centre. Different roles and responsibilities lead to simplified processes and more and higher quality data. Many standard co-ordinating centre activities, such as randomization, protocol implementation and amending, document tracking, adverse event reporting, site monitoring, report generation and data analysis are all fundamentally changed in a web-based trial. Opportunities are enhanced to identify potential investigators and support their successful study conduct. As the role of investigator sites is changed in web-based research, more primary care medical providers can be attracted to research, providing more typical patients to studies than those sometimes available through more traditional research sites, especially those at academic study sites. Other activities can now be co-ordinated electronically with the advent of the web. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) can use online tools to control investigator participation, resulting in improved study efficiency and patient safety. A web-based research pharmacy provides tremendous efficiencies in managing and distributing study medications. Financial payments to the sites can be performed and recorded electronically, or even administered based on timeliness and quality of the data. Our early experience with web-based trials indicates that there can be tremendous gains in study efficiency and accuracy by restructuring processes, roles and responsibilities through a comprehensive centralized, web-based trial. The future appears bright for web-based clinical trials.
MANHATTAN DERMATOLOGIC SOCIETY (1946)

<b>Perivasculitis</b>. Presented byDr. E. William Abramowitz. Mrs. F. C., 32 years old and born in this country, complains of an eruption on the shins and ankles that has appeared during the summer and improved during the winter for the past twelve years. She came to my office on May 17, 1944, saying that the eruption had become more pronounced during the previous two weeks. She presented crusted and purpuric patches, from the size of a pea to that of a bean, around the ankles and extending up the shins. She was seen at the New York Skin and Cancer Hospital in 1932 because of similar lesions. A biopsy was reported as indicating the presence of perivasculitis. The hemogram and the bleeding and coagulation times, determined on July 12, 1944, were normal. The vitamin C content was reported as slightly low at that time. The urine showed a faint trace
Microsoft® Office Outlook® 2003 Inside Out (2003)

Get expert advice and learn how to master Microsoft® Office Outlook® 2007-from the inside out! This book packs hundreds of timesaving solutions, troubleshooting tips, and workarounds, all in concise, fast-answer format. Includes a companion CD.
The herpes simplex virus type 1 Fc receptor discriminates between IgG1 allotypes (2000)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) expresses a complex of two virally encoded glycoproteins, gE and gl, which is capable of binding nonimmune human IgG. The gE-gl complex has thus become known as an Fc receptor (FcR), which reportedly binds human IgG subclasses in the order IgG4 > IgG1 > or = IgG2 and does not bind IgG3 from many individuals. There is, however, allelic variation in the genes encoding the human IgG1 heavy chain constant region and this gives rise to allotypes of IgG1. Using recombinant monoclonal IgG molecules of known isotype and mutants thereof we have unexpectedly discovered that the HSV-1 FcR discriminates between IgG1 allotypes. This is evidence of functional differences between IgG1 allotypes that may account for their distribution in populations. Furthermore, these findings suggest HSV-1 FcR binding sites on the IgG molecule some distance from the proposed binding site in the CH2-CH3 domain interface.
A real-time monitoring system for improving construction workers' health and safety (2015)

While previous research have been undertaken to improve construction site safety, from manual handlings, management systems, to human skills, behaviors and culture, it is believed that the next step must focus on application of information technology (IT) on construction sites. The aim of this research is to design and develop a real-time system for monitoring construction sites workers' health and safety conditions. Through the university-industry collaborative effort, a real-time monitoring system is designed and developed and it is currently being pilot applied in a construction site. This system has the following functions: (1) Real-time monitoring of workers' physiological conditions (such as heart beat rates, and body temperatures); (2) Real-time tracking of worker's physical working positions and conditions (such as heights and locations); (3) Real-time communication between managerial staff and site workers. This paper also explains various information technologies adapted for developing the system, together with discussions of the advantages of this system. In addition the paper discusses the costs, training and ethical issues in relation to the development and application of the system. Furthermore, it highlights the lessons learned from the development process, and discusses potential future research. This research contributes to advanced information technology development for improving workers' health and safety on construction sites.
Near zero turn-on voltage high-efficiency UHF RFID rectifier in silicon-on-sapphire CMOS (2010)

A UHF RFID rectifier which turns on at near zero input voltage is demonstrated. The rectifier is fabricated in 0.25-μm silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) CMOS technology using intrinsic, near zero threshold devices. A novel improved cross-coupled bridge topology is used to minimize the leakage incurred through the use of intrinsic devices while maintaining their low power turn on characteristics. The fabricated rectifier demonstrates a peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 71.5% at 915 MHz with a RF input of -4 dBm and a 30 kΩ load. More importantly, a PCE > 30% was measured for all RF input powers between -28 and -4 dBm demonstrating state-of-the-art efficiency across a wide range of input powers.
Characterization of T cell repertoire changes in acute Kawasaki disease. (1993)

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute multisystem vasculitis of unknown etiology that is associated with marked activation of T cells and monocyte/macrophages. Using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, we recently found that the acute phase of KD is associated with the expansion of T cells expressing the V beta 2 and V beta 8.1 gene segments. In the present work, we used a newly developed anti-V beta 2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and studied a new group of KD patients to extend our previous PCR results. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that V beta 2-bearing T cells are selectively increased in patients with acute KD. The increase occurred primarily in the CD4 T cell subset. The percentages of V beta 2+ T cells as determined by mAb reactivity and flow cytometry correlated linearly with V beta expression as quantitated by PCR. However, T cells from acute KD patients appeared to express proportionately higher levels of V beta 2 transcripts per cell as compared with healthy controls or convalescent KD patients. Sequence analysis of T cell receptor beta chain genes of V beta 2 and V beta 8.1 expressing T cells from acute KD patients showed extensive junctional region diversity. These data showing polyclonal expansion of V beta 2+ and V beta 8+ T cells in acute KD provide additional insight into the immunopathogenesis of this disease.
Early viral brain invasion in iatrogenic human immunodeficiency virus infection (1992)

We report a 68-year-old man who received an IV inoculation of WBCs for an indium radionuclide scan containing 600 to 700 tissue culture infectious doses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from an HIV-1-infected individual. The recipient immediately received zidovudine, then was switched to dideoxyinosine and interferon-alpha, but died of hepatorenal syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy 15 days later. HIV-1 cultures were positive from the recipient's blood on day 14 but not days 0, 1, and 8. At autopsy, cultures of parietal lobe isolated HIV-1. HIV-1 nucleic acid was present in several brain areas, but not in several other organs, by two independent laboratories using the polymerase chain reaction. The brain showed mild perivascular cuffing and a mild lymphocytic meningitis, but there was no evidence of glial nodules, giant cells, or white matter abnormalities. HIV-1 pg41 viral antigen was seen by immunoperoxidase staining in rare infiltrating cells within perivascular and subpial spaces. Thus, HIV-1 was isolated from brain 15 days after mistaken HIV-1 inoculation and 1 day after virus was first recovered from blood.