gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Animal NLRs provide structural insights into plant NLR function (2016)

Background The plant immune system employs intracellular NLRs (nucleotide binding [NB], leucine-rich repeat\n[LRR]/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain [NOD]-like receptors) to detect effector proteins secreted into the\nplant cell by potential pathogens. Activated plant NLRs trigger a range of immune responses, collectively known as the\nhypersensitive response (HR), which culminates in death of the infected cell. Plant NLRs show structural and functional\nresemblance to animal NLRs involved in inflammatory and innate immune responses. Therefore, knowledge of the activation and regulation of animal NLRs can help us understand the mechanism of action of plant NLRs, and vice versa.\n Scope This review provides an overview of the innate immune pathways in plants and animals, focusing on the\navailable structural and biochemical information available for both plant and animal NLRs. We highlight the gap in\nknowledge between the animal and plant systems, in particular the lack of structural information for plant NLRs,\nwith crystal structures only available for the N-terminal domains of plant NLRs and an integrated decoy domain, in\ncontrast to the more complete structures available for animal NLRs. We assess the similarities and differences between plant and animal NLRs, and use the structural information on the animal NLR pair NAIP/NLRC4 to derive a\nplausible model for plant NLR activation.\n Conclusions Signalling by cooperative assembly formation (SCAF) appears to operate in most innate immunity pathways, including plant and animal NLRs. Our proposed model of plant NLR activation includes three key steps: (1) initially,\nthe NLR exists in an inactive auto-inhibited state; (2) a combination of binding by activating elicitor and ATP leads to a\nstructural rearrangement of the NLR; and (3) signalling occurs through cooperative assembly of the resistosome. Further\nstudies, structural and biochemical in particular, will be required to provide additional evidence for the different features of\nthis model and shed light on the many existing variations, e.g. helper NLRs and NLRs containing integrated decoys.
The effects of dothiepin on subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and depression (1999)

Dothiepin is effective in relieving pain, disability and reducing the duration of early morning stiffness in out-patients with RA. Although there is a general association between pain reduction and improved anxiety and depression, the analgesic effect of dothiepin is independent of its antidepressant effect. Individual variation is considerable and further research should try to identify mechanisms of interaction between the antidepressant and analgesic effects of treatment in different patient groups.
Fresnal Zones in Wireless Links, Zone Plate Lenses and Antennas (2000)

From the Publisher:
The first book devoted solely to Fresnel zones in microwave/mm-wave electromagnetics, this comprehensive survey covers theory, design and practical applications.

Whether you are an experienced electromagnetics specialist or a newcomer to the field, whether you need practical design guidelines or a clear and concise exposition of the fundamentals, you'll find this book invaluable. Written by an acknowledged expert, the volume includes a detailed description of the application of Fresnel zones to microwave wireless communication links as well as a comprehensive description of the state-of-the-art in newly created zone plate lens and antenna technologies. It also contains an overview of the basic electromagnetic equations for time harmonic fields, and a thorough treatment of the Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction theory.

If you are a researcher, practising engineer or student in wireless/electromagnetics, this authoritative resource will help you to understand Fresnel zones, zone plate devices and their practical uses, in particular the analysis and design of microwave communication links, Fresnel zone antennas for DBS, Fresnel zone plate lenses for radio telescopes, and conformal curvilinear zone plate antennas. The work is generously illustrated.
Digital rights management (2006)

Digital rights management broadly refers to a set of policies, techniques and tools that guide the proper use of digital content. A DRM plays important roles in several processes that are involved in the flow of content. The major functionalities of this DRM system are: packaging of the raw content for easy distribution and tracking, content protection for tamper-proof transmission, delivery of content offline on CDs and DVDs and delivering content on-demand over peer-to-peer networks. Thus a set of standards related to various aspects of DRM are practiced in order to ensure fairness, interoperability and also for the consumer confidence.
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Is Anti-Inflammatory in Preventing Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice (2007)

The present study demonstrates for the first time that an EPA-rich diet results in significant suppression of CNV and CNV-related inflammatory molecules in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that frequent consumption of omega-3 PUFAs may prevent CNV and lower the risk of blindness due to age-related macular degeneration.
PiggyBac Mediated Multiplex Gene Transfer in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell (2014)

PiggyBac system has been shown to have a high efficiency to mediate gene transfer. However, there are no reports on its efficiency to mediate multiplex transgenes in mouse embryonic stem cells. Here we first established an immortalized feeder cell line by introducing four antibiotic resistance genes simultaneously into the original SNL 76/7 feeder cell line utilizing the PiggyBac system. This is the feeder cell line with the most diverse types of antibiotic resistance genes reported so far, which will enable researchers to perform simultaneous multiplex gene transfer or gene targeting experiments in ES cells. With such feeder cell line, we were able to quantitatively characterize the transposition efficiency of PiggyBac system in mouse ES cells using five transposons carrying different inducible fluorescence proteins and antibiotic resistance genes, and the efficiency ranged from about 2% for one transposon to 0.5% for five transposons. The highly efficient multiplex gene transfer mediated by PiggyBac will no doubt provide researchers with more choices in biomedical research and development.
Cardiac Patients’ Walking Activity Determined by a Step Counter in Cardiac Telerehabilitation: Data From the Intervention Arm of a Randomized Controlled Trial (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01752192; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01752192 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6fgigfUyV).
Paraspeckles are subpopulation-specific nuclear bodies that are not essential in mice (2011)

Nuclei of higher organisms are well structured and have multiple, distinct nuclear compartments or nuclear bodies. Paraspeckles are recently identified mammal-specific nuclear bodies ubiquitously found in most cells cultured in vitro. To investigate the physiological role of paraspeckles, we examined the in vivo expression patterns of two long noncoding RNAs, NEAT1_1 and NEAT1_2, which are essential for the architectural integrity of nuclear bodies. Unexpectedly, these genes were only strongly expressed in a particular subpopulation of cells in adult mouse tissues, and prominent paraspeckle formation was observed only in the cells highly expressing NEAT1_2. To further investigate the cellular functions of paraspeckles, we created an animal model lacking NEAT1 by gene targeting. These knockout mice were viable and fertile under laboratory growth conditions, showing no apparent phenotypes except for the disappearance of paraspeckles. We propose that paraspeckles are nonessential, subpopulation-specific nuclear bodies formed secondary to particular environmental triggers.
The Donnan Equilibrium in Cross-Linked Polystyrene Cation and Anion Exchangers (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Donnan Equilibrium in Cross-Linked Polystyrene Cation and Anion ExchangersG. E. Boyd and K. BunzlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 8, 1776–1780Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00984a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00984a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heinz Body Anemia—An Ultrastructural Study. I. Heinz Body Formation (1965)

Abstract The ultrastructural changes in red blood cells exposed to phenylhydrazine, either in vivo or in vitro, are described. There is an age-dependent gradient of red cell sensitivity to this drug which includes the more mature reticulocytes as well as the population of circulating erythrocytes. Oxidative denaturation of hemoglobin and the formation of Heinz bodies, which constitute the major drug-induced lesion, are accompanied by a regular sequence of structural changes commencing in the central cytoplasm of erythrocytes and the drug-sensitive reticulocytes. These early changes often appear in close associaion with clusters of mitochondria. The initial morphologic lesion has an apparently crystalline structure and the significance of this stage is discussed. Heinz bodies grow by coalescence and condensation and finally come to lie just beneath the cell surface. Here they result in considerable distortion of cell shape and deformation of the plasma membrane. Thus, phenylhydrazine administration produces in red blood cells extensive ultrastructural alterations both in hemoglobin and in the cell membrane which may have considerable bearing on the fate of these cells in the circulation.
Improved fin width scaling in fully-depleted FinFETs by source-drain implant optimization (2008)

Scaling the fin width in fully-depleted FinFETs can improve short channel effect control, but may be accompanied by a on-state drive current degradation. Ion implantation is a leading candidate as the means to introduce dopants into the silicon, but is often accompanied by amorphization when highly doped source-drain regions are formed. Thin-body silicon recrystallization after amorphization is not as straight-forward as bulk silicon. Crystalline integrity is worse as the fin width is scaled, thereby reducing dopant activation and increasing access resistance. In this work we demonstrate that non-amorphizing implant approaches can overcome drive degradation down to 10 nm wide fins in pMOS FinFETs.
Activation of apoptosis in early mouse embryos by 2′‐deoxyadenosine exposure (1994)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to nontoxic derivatives. The importance of this reaction in the female reproductive tract of mice is suggested by pronounced utero-placental expression of ADA, and by embryolethality of the potent ADA-inhibitor deoxycoformycin (dCF) on day 7-8 of gestation. The present study investigated the effects of dCF, adenosine, and deoxyadenosine on the mouse neurula. Morphological cell death was monitored by the acridine orange reaction (AOR), and biochemical cell death by internucleosomal DNA cleavage (IDC). A strong AOR appeared in day 7-8 embryos between 3 and 4.5 hr post-exposure to dCF in utero; there was no apparent effect on day 6 or day 9 embryos. Most embryonic tissues were responsive, although the heart and extraembryonic membranes were resistant. Up to 75% of the embryonic chromatin was degraded in a regular pattern in concert with the AOR. Immediate activation of "whole-body" apoptosis was reproduced in short-term whole embryo culture with 0.1 mM deoxyadenosine in the presence of 0.01 mM dCF. This was not activated by exposure to dCF alone nor to adenosine; however, high concentrations of adenosine completely blocked the response to deoxyadenosine, whereas niacinamide inhibited the AOR without changing IDC. The cytotoxic effect of deoxyadenosine was correlated with an expansion of embryonic dATP pools determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The results suggest that deoxyadenosine is the embryotoxic metabolite which accumulates in the antimesometrium of pregnant mice treated with dCF. Exposure to this metabolic toxin activates apoptosis in day 7-8 embryos through an adenosine-sensitive, NAD-dependent mechanism.
Call performance in a frequency reuse digital portable radio system (1991)

A discrete-event stochastic simulation of many concurrent calls was used to generate signal-to-interference ratio (S/I) time histories and statistics on a time-division multiple-access (TDMA) uplink. The simulation integrates portable radio multiple access, uplink/downlink signal modeling, and the traffic process. Calls were held to completion, enabling observation of the effects of cochannel interference on time-dependent S/I statistics. It was found that the improvement obtained from measurement-based time-slot assignment in uplink S/I at access partially erodes over the life of a call, if it retains the time-slot assigned at the start. The amount and speed of erosion of S/I at the first percentile suggests that good transmission quality can be maintained for stationary users, with low overhead in the fixed radio network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ommaya reservoirs in 387 cancer patients (1985)

We reviewed records of 387 patients with cancer who had Ommaya reservoirs placed between October 1967 and December 1982. Complications of reservoir placement were reported in 27 patients, including intracranial hemorrhage (5 patients) and reservoir malfunction (15 patients). In 15 of 19 patients with meningitis, the infection was linked to the reservoir. The organism most frequently implicated was Staphylococcus epidermidis. Seizures, leukoencephalopathy, and pericatheter necrosis were seen in 10 patients who had received intraventricular chemotherapy.
Multibeam antennas for indoor wireless communications (2002)

A multibeam beamformer in combination with a decision feedback equalizer is considered for the base station in a single-cell 100-Mb/s TDMA/TDD QPSK indoor wireless network at 24 GHz. The outage rate in terms of required SNR/bit/antenna is estimated using a statistical, clustered propagation model and for beam selection diversity and two-beam combining.
The Influence of Irradiation on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of UHMWPE/GO Nanocomposites (2017)

A method of adding graphene oxide (GO) and further reinforcing by the treatment of gamma-irradiation was used to enhance the properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The effects of GO and irradiation on UHMWPE, particularly the influence of irradiation on UHMWPE/GO nanocomposites, were investigated from the aspects of thermal and mechanical properties. The results show that the thermal stability of UHMWPE/GO nanocomposites was slightly decreased by irradiation. But both GO doping and irradiation increased the crystallinity of UHMWPE. A similar variation tendency was appeared between compressive properties and crystallinity. A postulated mechanism was established to explain how GO doping and irradiation actually improved the properties of UHMWPE.
How Programmers can Turn Comments into Waypoints for Code Navigation (2007)

We have developed a new approach for software navigation called TagSEA (Tagging of Software Engineering Activities). TagSEA combines the notion of "waypointing" with "social tagging" to support programmers in defining navigational structures over a software system. In this paper we present the results from a case study series, conducted with professional programmers, that demonstrates how this tool supports navigation and under what circumstances. We conclude with insights into user-definable navigational structures, and how they can support software maintenance more effectively.
Health function of soybean oligosaccharide and its application in food industry (2008)

Soybean oligosaccharide is a sing functional low oligosaccharide,it has good physical chemistry characters and health functions.It is an ideal pure natural raw material of functional health food and has vast prospects on development and application.
Optimum Antenna Downtilt Angles for Macrocellular WCDMA Network (2005)

The impact of antenna downtilt on the performance of cellular WCDMA network has been studied by using a radio network planning tool. An optimum downtilt angle has been evaluated for numerous practical macrocellular site and antenna configurations for electrical and mechanical antenna downtilt concepts. The aim of this massive simulation campaign was expected to provide an answer to two questions: firstly, how to select the downtilt angle of a macrocellular base station antenna? Secondly, what is the impact of antenna downtilt on system capacity and network coverage? Optimum downtilt angles were observed to vary between – depending on the network configuration. Moreover, the corresponding downlink capacity gains varied between – . Antenna vertical beamwidth affects clearly the required optimum downtilt angle the most. On the other hand, with wider antenna vertical beamwidth, the impact of downtilt on system performance is not such imposing. In addition, antenna height together with the size of the dominance area affect the required downtilt angle. Finally, the simulation results revealed how the importance of the antenna downtilt becomes more significant in dense networks, where the capacity requirements are typically also higher.
Distinguishing Sleep Disorders From Seizures (2006)

A diagnosis of NFLE can be made reliably using the clinical features identified in the FLEP scale. This may reduce the requirement for tertiary referral and extensive inpatient monitoring.
Effectiveness of fluoroquinolones against gram-positive bacteria. (2000)

Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum and therapeutically effective antibacterial agents that have retained high activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and streptococci. Primary targets of these agents in Gram-positive bacteria are DNA topoisomerase and DNA gyrase. High-level resistance is associated with at least two mutations in either target, or combinations of at least two mutations in multiple targets, particularly affecting the ParC subunit of topoisomerase IV and the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase. This resistance may be enhanced when combined with mutations that increase fluoroquinolone efflux. Data from fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates suggest that as yet unidentified mutations may also be involved in clinical resistance.
FATIGUE FAILURE UNDER RESONANT VIBRATION CONDITIONS (1954)

Abstract : The sources of damping in a vibrating system are discussed and classified according to whether they are external (structural) or internal (material). Data on the internal damping properties of a variety of structural materials are presented and the generalized behavior is discussed.
Airfoil Vortex Induced Vibration suppression devices (2007)

Thesis (S.M. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering; and, S.M. in Ocean Systems Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, June 2007.
Influence of impurities on dynamic hysteresis of magnetization reversal (2002)

The effects of impurities on driving-rate-dependent energy loss in ferromagnets are investigated by analyzing several well-defined models for magnetization reversal. The random-field Ising models are analyzed using a mean-field approximation and Monte Carlo simulation. The hysteresis loop area A is found to obey a universal scaling relation with respect to the linear driving rates h of the applied field, $A\ensuremath{-}{A}_{0}\ensuremath{\propto}{h}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}.$ The scaling exponent \ensuremath{\beta} is found independent of the disorder strength D. In a random-field spherical model, the energy loss increases as a power law with the driving rate $A\ensuremath{\propto}{h}^{\ensuremath{\beta}(D)}.$ The scaling exponent $\ensuremath{\beta}(D)$ increases with increasing D. These results indicate that the scaling and universality for the field-driven first-order phase transition can be understood in the framework of dynamic hysteresis.
Major‐general William Roy, F.R.S. (1956)

(1956). Major‐general William Roy, F.R.S. Scottish Geographical Magazine: Vol. 72, No. 2, pp. 97-100.
Correction of the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of<i>Xenopus laevis</i>42Sp50 (1993)

Journal Article Correction of the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of Xenopus laevis 42Sp50 Get access Fung-Mei Cheng, Fung-Mei Cheng Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical Center1100 Florida Ave, New Orleans, LA 70119 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martyn K. Darby, Martyn K. Darby 1Jefferson Cancer InstitutePhiladelphia, PA 19107, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Keith E. Joho Keith E. Joho * Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical Center1100 Florida Ave, New Orleans, LA 70119 *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 21, Issue 9, 11 May 1993, Page 2259, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/21.9.2259 Published: 11 May 1993 Article history Received: 21 January 1993 Accepted: 26 March 1993 Published: 11 May 1993
Conserved quaternary structure of ligand-gated ion channels: the postsynaptic glycine receptor is a pentamer. (1988)

The postsynaptic glycine receptor of rat spinal cord is a glycosylated membrane protein that, after affinity purification, contains membrane-spanning subunits of Mr 48,000 and 58,000 and an associated peripheral polypeptide of Mr 93,000. Here, the quaternary structure of the transmembrane core of the receptor was investigated by chemically crosslinking its subunits. Upon treatment with crosslinking reagents of different side-chain specificities and lengths, a consistent set of adducts up to Mr 260,000 was detected after separation by NaDodSO4/PAGE. The observed pattern of adducts was similar irrespective of whether purified receptor protein or synaptosomal membranes were crosslinked. Compositional analysis revealed that the crosslinked adducts contained the Mr 48,000 and 58,000 subunits in varying ratios but not the peripheral Mr 93,000 polypeptide. Thus adducts of intermediate molecular weight represent dimers, trimers, and tetramers of the transmembrane subunits, whereas the major adduct of Mr 260,000 corresponds to a pentameric assembly of subunits forming the ion channel of the glycine receptor. This subunit arrangement is similar to that reported for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of fish electric organ and skeletal muscle. Hence, we suggest that the different ligand-gated ion channels of excitable membranes share a similar quaternary structure.