gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subsecond Absolute Quantitation of Amine Metabolites Using Isobaric Tags for Discovery of Pathway Activation in Mammalian Cells (2012)

The absolute quantitation of amine metabolites from mammalian cell samples was achieved by combining amine standards, isobaric tags, and capillary liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Our approach allowed 32 specific amines to be analyzed within a single chromatographic run, with the generation of the calibration curve and absolute quantitation of each analyte taking less than 900 ms. Using this strategy, we determined the amine response of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) from a glucose challenge. The observed changes of the absolute concentration of these metabolites implied eight enzymatic reactions may change efficiency upon glucose treatment. Five of these reactions have been previously reported as being up-regulated in diabetic conditions. The remaining three reactions were analyzed by measuring the expression of these enzymes, with 66% showing increases. Our data indicate that rapid determination of absolute quantitation is useful in determining novel pathway activation. Furthermore, even though we determined the absolute quantity of 32 metabolites here, the number of analytes that can be measured by this method is limited mainly by commercial availability of amine standards.
Sensor systems for high-speed intelligent sorting of waste paper in recycling (2012)

Sorting paper into compatible grades is a necessary step before recycling. Current methods of man¬ually sorting are tedious, slow, and expensive. High-speed automation of the sorting process will improve the cost efficiency and increase the amount of paper recycled significantly. Correct identification of the sample in real-time before the sample reaches the actuation station still remains a challenge because different types of paper and board samples are mixed in a waste stream, and have a lot of variation in terms of color, chemical composition, coating, and printing in black and white and color to different degrees. This primarily is because of a lack of satisfactory sen¬sors and sensor fusion algorithms for sample identification in real-time. In this paper, we identify key parameters that must be measured, discuss a sensor system design, and describe integration of the output from sensors to interpret the type of sample using a fuzzy inference algorithm. Results show that the sensor system proposed is capable of identifying the samples at 90% accuracy compared to manual identification. The sensor system can be integrated onto a conveyor and actuation system for automated sorting.
Categorizing Asthma Severity: An Overview of National Guidelines (2004)

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways associated with intermittent episodes of bronchospasm. Corticosteroids are the most effective anti-inflammatory class of medication currently available for the treatment of asthma. However, as higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids are used the risks of systemic exposure and side effects will correspondingly increase. Justification of the benefits from higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids can only be made if patients with more severe asthma can be identified. Methods to categorize asthma severity have been introduced in various national asthma management guidelines. Unfortunately, there are substantial conceptual and practical differences among these recommended approaches to asthma severity categorization. Furthermore, these recommended approaches suffer from a focus on features of asthma control, such as symptoms, short-acting beta-agonist use, and lung function rather than actual measures of asthma severity that would encompass markers of airway inflammation. Without the endpoints necessary to assess airway inflammation, current recommendations for asthma severity categorization may lead to systematic under dosing of appropriate anti-inflammatory therapy with subsequent perpetuation of the asthma exacerbation cycle.
Stuck-at Fault Tolerance in RRAM Computing Systems (2017)

Emerging metal-oxide resistive switching random-access memory (RRAM) devices and RRAM crossbars have demonstrated their potential in boosting the speed and energy-efficiency of analog matrix-vector multiplication. However, due to the immature fabrication technology, commonly occurring Stuck-At-Faults (SAFs) seriously degrade the computational accuracy of an RRAM-based computing system (RCS). In this paper, we present a fault-tolerant framework for RCS. A mapping algorithm with inner fault tolerance is proposed to convert matrix parameters into RRAM conductances in RCS and tolerate SAFs by fully exploring the available mapping space. Two baseline redundancy schemes are proposed to ensure that RCS is effective when the percentage of faulty RRAM cells is high. To reduce the number of redundant RRAM cells when the SAFs follow a non-uniform distribution or an unknown distribution, a distribution-aware redundancy scheme and a re-configurable redundancy scheme are proposed to provide dynamic fault tolerance. Simulation results show that, the baseline redundancy schemes can improve the recognition accuracy of the MNIST data set to almost the same as the RRAM-fault-free case, with an energy overhead of approximately 30%. When SAFs follow a non-uniform and an unknown distribution, the distribution-aware and re-configurable schemes can reduce the number of redundant RRAM cells from more than 200% to less than 40% and 60%, respectively, without reducing the recognition accuracy.
The Impact of Freeze-Drying Conditions on the Physico-Chemical Properties and Bioactive Compounds of a Freeze-Dried Orange Puree (2019)

Fruits are essential for a healthy diet, as they contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and some cancers, which is attributed to their high bioactive compound content contributing to their antioxidant capacity. Nevertheless, fruits have a short shelf life due to their high-water content, and freeze-drying is a well-known technique to preserve their nutritive quality. However, it is an expensive technology, both due to the use of low pressure and long processing time. Therefore, an optimisation of variables such as the freezing rate, working pressure and shelf temperature during freeze-drying may preserve fruit quality while reducing the time and costs. The impact of these variables on colour, porosity, mechanical properties, water content, vitamin C, total phenols, β-carotene, and antioxidant activity of a freeze-dried orange puree was evaluated. The results showed a great impact of pressure and shelf temperature on luminosity, chroma and water content. Vitamin C and β-carotene were more preserved with higher shelf temperatures (shorter times of processing) and lower pressure, respectively. The optimum freeze-drying conditions preserving the nutrients, and with an interesting structural property, perceived as a crunchy product by consumers, are low pressure (5 Pa) and high shelf temperature (50 °C).
Improved Needle Visualization With Electronic Beam Steering (2012)

Electronic beam steering has the potential to significantly improve needle visualization.
Geodesic active contours for supervised texture segmentation (2003)

This paper presents a variational method for supervised texture segmentation which is based on ideas coming from the curve propagation theory. We assume that a preferable texture pattern is known (e.g., the pattern that we want to distinguish from the rest of the image). The textured feature space is generated by filtering the input and the preferable pattern image using Gabor filters, and analyzing their responses as multi-component conditional probability density functions. The texture segmentation is obtained by minimizing a Geodesic Active Contour Model objective function where the boundary-based information is expressed via discontinuities on the statistical space associated with the multi-modal textured feature space. This function is minimized using a gradient descent method where the obtained PDE is implemented using a level set approach, that handles naturally the topological changes. Finally a fast method is used for the level set implementation. The performance of our method is demonstrated on a variety of synthetic and real textured images.
Photoacoustic CO<sub>2</sub>sensor system: design and potential for miniaturization and integration in silicon (2015)

The detection of CO<sub>2</sub> indoors has a large impact on today’s sensor market. The ambient room climate is important for human health and wellbeing. The CO<sub>2</sub> concentration is a main indicator for indoor climate and correlates with the number of persons inside a room. People in Europe spend more than 90% of their time indoors. This leads to a high demand for miniaturized and energy efficient CO<sub>2</sub> sensors. To realize small and energy-efficient mass-market sensors, we develop novel miniaturized photoacoustic sensor systems with optimized design for real-time and selective CO<sub>2</sub> detection. The sensor system consists of two chambers, a measurement and a detection chamber. The detection chamber consists of an integrated pressure sensor under special gas atmosphere. As pressure sensor we use a commercially available cell phone microphone. We describe a possible miniaturization process of the developed system by regarding the possibility of integration of all sensor parts. The system is manufactured in precision mechanics with IR-optical sapphire windows as optical connections. During the miniaturization process the sapphire windows are replaced by Si chips with a special IR anti-reflection coating. The developed system is characterized in detail with gas measurements and optical transmission investigations. The results of the characterization process offer a high potential for further miniaturization with high capability for mass market applications.
Experiment and Theoretical Study of Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-controlled Gold Nanoparticles (2008)

This paper reports a facile synthesis method for shape control of gold nanoparticles by treating an aqueous solution of chloroauric acid with sodium citrate and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). By such an environmentally friendly method, gold nanoparticles were prepared with different morphologies including spheres, rods, and worm-like nanoparticles. Two possible growth mechanisms were proposed in the formation of wormlike particles: from spherical colloids to nanorods, and from nanorods to worm-like particles by stacking faults or by rods conjunction. It was found that the PVP plays a key role in the formation of nanostructures by acting as reducing agent, stabilizer, and surface capping agent. Density function theory (DFT) is applied to quantify the binding energies of PVP with different gold crystal surfaces (i.e., 100, 110, and 111). Such a DFT approach, facilitated by transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet−visible spectroscopy characterizations, will be useful for fundamental understanding of the growth mechanism of gold nanorods.
Magnetic nanodot arrays patterned by selective ion etching using block copolymer templates (2004)

In this paper, we report a novel method of fabricating patterned magnetic metal alloy CoCrPt nanodots via selective ion etching using a self-organized array of spherical domains of an ordered block copolymer (PS-b-PMMA) film as a template. Reactive ion etching and Ar+ ion milling were controlled accurately to avoid excess etching and pattern loss in the etching processes. The nanodot arrays had a dot density as high as approximately 1011 dots cm−2, and the magnetic hysteresis loops showed that the coercivity of the isolated CoCrPt dots made using the self-assembled block copolymer was considerably higher than that of the continuous magnetic film. The present method is applicable to other magnetic metals.
Regulation of Receptor Signaling by Relaxin A Chain Motifs (2008)

Relaxin peptides are important hormones for the regulation of reproductive tissue remodeling and the renal cardiovascular system during pregnancy. Recent studies demonstrated that two of the seven human relaxin family peptides, relaxin H2 (RLN2) and INSL3, signal exclusively through leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptors, LGR7 and LGR8. Although it was well characterized that an RXXXRXXI motif at the RLN2 B chain confers receptor activation activity, it is not clear what roles RLN2 A chain plays in receptor interaction. Analyses of relaxin family genes on syntenic regions of model tetrapods showed that the A chain of RLN2 orthologs exhibited a greater sequence divergence as compared with the receptor-binding domain-containing B chain, foreshadowing a potential role in receptor interactions; hence, defining receptor selectivity in this fast evolving peptide hormone. To test our hypothesis that select residues in the human RLN2 A chain play key roles in receptor interaction, we studied mutant peptides with residue substitution(s) in the A chain. Here, we showed that alanine substitution at the A16 and A17 positions enhances LGR8-activation activity of RLN2, whereas mutation at the A22-23 region (RLN2A22-23) ablates LGR8, but not LGR7, activation activity. In addition, we demonstrated that the functional characteristics of the RLN2A22-23 mutant are mainly attributed to modifications at the PheA23 position. Taken together, our studies indicated that ThrA16, LysA17, and PheA23 constitute part of the receptor-binding interface of human RLN2, and that modification of these residues has led to the generation of novel human RLN2 analogs that would allow selective activation of human LGR7, but not LGR8, in vivo.
Mechanical characteristics of artificial cell walls (2009)

Artificial plant cell walls were produced from bacterial cellulose and cell wall constituents. The artificial cell walls were stored at low, medium and high relative humidity, and then subjected to micro-mechanical tests. From chemical composition and microstructure analysis it was found that, among all artificial cell wall materials produced, the most representative analogue of natural apple cell wall was based on bacterial cellulose supplemented with xyloglucan and pectin. Uniaxial tensile tests revealed that the different cell wall materials differed in their mechanical properties; increasing the humidity during storage resulted in a decrease in the value of the secant modulus. The cell wall model material obtained may be used for the simulation of the effect of external factors on the physical and chemical properties of cell walls.
1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydrophthalazine, 2. Mitt. 2,3,4,5,7,12‐Hexahydro‐1<i>H</i>‐(1,2,5)triazepin[1,2‐b]phthalazin‐1,5‐dion‐Derivate (1982)

Abstract Bei der Kondensation von 2,3‐Bis‐(halogenacetyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrophthalazinen mit primären Aminen wurde eine Reihe von Derivaten des neuen heterocyclischen‐Systems 2,3,4,5,7,12‐Hexahydro‐1 H ‐(1,2,5)triazepin[1,2‐b]phthalazin‐1,5‐dion erhalten.
Driving performance and digital billboards (2007)

The results of a naturalistic study showed that several driving performance measures in the presence of digital billboards are on a par with those associated with everyday driving, such as the on-premises signs located at businesses. These performance measures included eyeglance performance, speed maintenance, and lane keeping. The current study was conducted in Cleveland, OH following the model of a previous study conducted in Charlotte, NC (which showed no measurable effects of conventional billboards on eyeglance patterns, speed maintenance, or lane keeping). Thirty-six drivers drove an instrumented vehicle on a 50-mile loop route in the daytime along some of the interstates and surface streets in Cleveland. The overall conclusion, supported by both the eyeglance results and the questionnaire results, is that the digital billboards seem to attract more attention than the conventional billboards and baseline sites. Because of the lack of crash causation data, no conclusions can be drawn regarding the ultimate safety of digital billboards. Although there are measurable changes in driver performance in the presence of digital billboards, in many cases these differences are on a par with those associated with everyday driving, such as the on-premises signs located at businesses
Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Gel and Its Properties (1989)

Conducting polymer gels have been prepared with poly(3-alkylthiophene)s of alkyl chain length n shorter than 12. Drastic volume change of the polymer gel was observed upon changing the concentration of ethanol in chloroform and also upon changing the temperature. The absorption spectrum also changed drastically in association with the volume change. These conducting polymer gels can also be doped.
Animal models of osteoarthritis: lessons learned while seeking the ‘Holy Grail’ (2006)

In view of the multiple animal models available, there is a need to reach a consensus on one or several gold standard animal model(s). New studies indicate that important differences in therapeutic response exist between young and old animals, and between spontaneous and surgical models, suggesting that not all models are adequate models of osteoarthritis.
Maternal serum ADAM12 levels in Down and Edwards' syndrome pregnancies at 9–12 weeks' gestation (2006)

ADAM12 cannot be used concurrently with other markers in the late first trimester. However, it does have the potential to be used earlier in pregnancy either concurrently with other early markers or in a sequential or contingent protocol. More data will be required to reliably predict the performance of either approach.
Interaction between flocculent and nonflocculent cells of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1992)

Interaction between nonflocculent and flocculent cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. Adhesion experiments were done using three types of nonflocculent cells and a flocculent one. Two types of nonflocculent cells were obtained from the flocculent strain by changing environmental growth conditions. The integration of nonflocculent cells in the flocs was observed by two different methods: measurement of the sedimentation capacity of mixtures and microscopic observation of stained nonflocculent cells blended with flocculent cells. It was possible to verify that cell-cell interaction corresponds to a true stable binding and not to a simple entrapment inside the floc matrix.
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes mediate <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Panton-Valentine leukocidin-induced lung inflammation and injury (2010)

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is epidemic in the United States, even rivaling HIV/AIDS in its public health impact. The pandemic clone USA300, like other CA-MRSA strains, expresses Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a pore-forming toxin that targets polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). PVL is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing pneumonia, but data from rodent infection models are inconclusive. Rodent PMNs are less susceptible than human PMNs to PVL-induced cytolysis, whereas rabbit PMNs, like those of humans, are highly susceptible to PVL-induced cytolysis. This difference in target cell susceptibility could affect results of experimental models. Therefore, we developed a rabbit model of necrotizing pneumonia to compare the virulence of a USA300 wild-type strain with that of isogenic PVL-deletion mutant and -complemented strains. PVL enhanced the capacity of USA300 to cause severe lung necrosis, pulmonary edema, alveolar hemorrhage, hemoptysis, and death, hallmark clinical features of fatal human necrotizing pneumonia. Purified PVL instilled directly into the lung caused lung inflammation and injury by recruiting and lysing PMNs, which damage the lung by releasing cytotoxic granule contents. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of PVL-induced lung injury and inflammation and demonstrate the utility of the rabbit for studying PVL-mediated pathogenesis.
Nonlinear cross talk cancellation for high density optical recording (2003)

This paper deals with cross talk cancellation for high density optical recording. The data density can be increased reducing the track pitch, as long as cross talk is kept under control. To cope with interference from adjacent tracks, we propose and analyze an adaptive nonlinear cross talk canceller based on a three spot detection system. The optical channel is accurately modeled by a two-dimensional Volterra series. For the sake of simplicity, the performance comparisons presented in this paper are based on the assumption that noise is additive, white, and Gaussian (AWGN model). Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed cross talk canceller.
ChemInform Abstract: Bright UV‐Blue Luminescent Colloidal ZnSe Nanocrystals. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Coordinated Induction of / Pump and γ-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase by Heavy Metals in Human Leukemia Cells (1996)

We recently reported that GS-X pump activity, as assessed by ATP-dependent transport of the glutathione-platinum complex and leukotriene C4, and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels were remarkably enhanced in cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin)-resistant human leukemia HL-60 cells (Ishikawa, T., Wright, C. D., and Ishizuka, H. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 29085-29093). Now, using Northern hybridization and RNase protection assay, we provide evidence that the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) gene, which encodes a human GS-X pump, is expressed at higher levels in cisplatin-resistant (HL-60/R-CP) cells than in sensitive cells, whereas amplification of the MRP gene is not detected by Southern hybridization. Culturing HL-60/R-CP cells in cisplatin-free medium resulted in reduced MRP mRNA levels, but these levels could be induced to rise within 30 h by cisplatin and heavy metals such as arsenite, cadmium, and zinc. The increased levels of MRP mRNA were closely related with enhanced activities of ATP-dependent transport of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in plasma membrane vesicles. The glutathione-platinum (GS-Pt) complex, but not cisplatin, inhibited ATP-dependent LTC4 transport, suggesting that the MRP/GS-X pump transports both LTC4 and the GS-Pt complex. Expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase in the cisplatin-resistant cells was also co-induced within 24 h in response to cisplatin exposure, resulting in a significant increase in cellular GSH level. The resistant cells exposed to cisplatin were cross-resistant to melphalan, chlorambucil, arsenite, and cadmium. These observations suggest that elevated expression of the MRP/GS-X pump and increased GSH biosynthesis together may be important factors in the cellular metabolism and disposition of cisplatin, alkylating agents, and heavy metals.
The UK primary standard calorimeter for photon-beam absorbed dose measurement (1996)

A description is given of the UK primary standard graphite calorimeter system. The calorimeter measures absorbed dose to graphite for photon radiations from 60Co to 19 MV x-rays, and is the basis of the NPL therapy-level absorbed dose to water calibration service. Absorbed dose to graphite from the photon calorimeter has been compared with three other standards: an ionization chamber and cavity theory, for 60Co gamma radiation; the NPL electron calorimeter, for 12-14 MeV electron beams; and the BIPM 60Co absorbed dose standard. The three standards agreed within 0.5% which is similar to the measurement uncertainties.