gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Performance of the diffraction grating on a bank note: the experience with the Australian Commemorative note</title> (1990)

In January 1988, we at the Note Printing Branch first released to the Reserve Bank a polymer based banknote containing an Optically Variable Device (OVD), a diffraction grating. This banknote was the culmination of many years of Research and Development effort, and represented a very significant departure from conventional banknote technology in many ways. It was a test bed. We are very pleased with its performance.
A generalized reverse jacket transform (2001)

Generalization of the well-known Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT), namely center-weighted Hadamard transform (CWHT) and complex reverse-jacket transform (CRJT) have been proposed and their fast implementation and simple index generation algorithms have recently been reported. These transforms are of size 2/sup r//spl times/2/sup r/ for integral values or r, and defined in terms of binary radix representation of integers. In this paper, using appropriate mixed-radix representation of integers, we present a generalized transform called general reverse jacket transform (GRJT) that unifies all the three classes of transforms, WHT, CWHT, and CRJT, and is also applicable for any even length vectors, that is of size 2/sup r//spl times/2/sup r/. A subclass of GRJT which includes CRJT (but not CWHT) is applicable for finite fields and useful for constructing error control codes.
Purification and Characterization from Bovine Brain Cytosol of Two Gtpase-Activating Proteins Specific for smg p21, a GTP-binding Protein Having the Same Effector Domain as c-ras p21s (1989)

The smg-21 GTP-binding protein (smg p21) has the same effector domain as the ras proteins (ras p21s) and is identical with the proteins of the rap1A and Krev-1 genes. In this paper, two proteins stimulating the GTPase activity of smg p21 are partially purified from bovine brain cytosol. These proteins, designated as smg p21 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) 1 and 2, are separated from a c-ras p21 GAP described previously by column chromatographies. smg p21 GAP1 and -2 stimulate the GTPase activity of only smg p21 but not that of c-Ha-ras p21 or the rho and smg-25A GTP-binding proteins. smg p21 GAP1 or -2 does not stimulate the dissociation of guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate or GDP from smg p21. smg p21 GAP1 or -2 themselves do not have GTP/GDP binding or GTPase activity. The Mr values of smg p21 GAP1 and -2 are estimated to be 250-400 x 10(3) and 80-100 x 10(3) by gel filtration and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, respectively. The activity of smg p21 GAP1 and -2 is killed by tryptic digestion or heat boiling. These results indicate that bovine brain contains two smg p21 GAPs in addition to c-ras p21 GAP.
Secure aggregation for wireless networks (2003)

An emerging class of important applications uses ad hoc wireless networks of low-power sensor devices to monitor and send information about a possibly hostile environment to a powerful base station connected to a wired network. To conserve power, intermediate network nodes should aggregate results from individual sensors. However, this opens the risk that a single compromised sensor device can render the network useless, or worse, mislead the operator into trusting a false reading. We present a protocol that provides a secure aggregation mechanism for wireless networks that is resilient to both intruder devices and single device key compromises. Our protocol is designed to work within the computation, memory and power consumption limits of inexpensive sensor devices, but takes advantage of the properties of wireless networking, as well as the power asymmetry between the devices and the base station.
Energy recovery linac (ERL) coherent hard x-ray sources (2010)

Energy recovery linacs (ERLs) have the potential to be superb coherent hard x-ray sources. ERLs are described with reference to a 5 GeV ERL design being studied at Cornell University. The properties of this ERL, and the x-ray beams that may be produced, are described and spectral curves are calculated and compared to other existing and future x-ray sources. It is shown that ERL and x-ray free electron laser (X-FEL) sources are complementary in terms of the experiments they may optimally serve. ERLs will be especially advantageous in a variety of coherent and nanobeam experiments where the sample must be repetitively probed and in cases where the samples are unique and the requisite scattering information cannot be obtained with a single X-FEL pulse. ERL strengths are elaborated relating to the very high coherent flux, inherently round beams, flexibility and quasi-continuous time structure of the sources. Examples are given where these x-ray characteristics will facilitate advancement of important 'big challenge' areas of science.
A uniform mechanism to support long fields and nested relations in database management systems (2003)

Two seemingly distinct features of next-generation database management systems (DBMSs): long fields and nested relations. A long field contains an uninterpreted sequence of bytes of potentially enormous length. A nested relation is a relation that has relation-valued attributes; the nesting of relations can be arbitrarily deep. By elevating the semantics of long fields from a sequence of bytes to a sequence of instances of a (potentially complex) data type, the mechanisms for storing and retrieving nested relations and long fields are equated. An implementation of these ideas in the context of the GENESIS extensible DBMS is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Locally Planar Patch Features for Real-Time Structure from Motion (2004)

The performance of sequential structure from motion systems, where scene mapping is sparse to permit real-time operation, depends greatly on the ability to repeatedly measure the same visual features from a wide range of viewpoints. While previous systems have tracked features as 2D templates in image space, we show that long-term tracking is improved by treating salient feature patches as observations of locally planar regions on 3D world surfaces. Within a SLAM framework for motion and structure estimation, a gradient-based image alignment method is used to deduce estimates feature surface normal estimates, enabling pre-warping of templates for matching. As an added benet these normals provide a richer description of the scene.
Imprinting of the <i>MEDEA</i> Polycomb Gene in the Arabidopsis Endosperm (1999)

In flowering plants, two cells are fertilized in the haploid female gametophyte. Egg and sperm nuclei fuse to form the embryo. A second sperm nucleus fuses with the central cell nucleus that replicates to generate the endosperm, which is a tissue that supports embryo development. MEDEA (MEA) encodes an Arabidopsis SET domain Polycomb protein. Inheritance of a maternal loss-of-function mea allele results in embryo abortion and prolonged endosperm production, irrespective of the genotype of the paternal allele. Thus, only the maternal wild-type MEA allele is required for proper embryo and endosperm development. To understand the molecular mechanism responsible for the parent-of-origin effects of mea mutations on seed development, we compared the expression of maternal and paternal MEA alleles in the progeny of crosses between two Arabidopsis ecotypes. Only the maternal MEA mRNA was detected in the endosperm from seeds at the torpedo stage and later. By contrast, expression of both maternal and paternal MEA alleles was observed in the embryo from seeds at the torpedo stage and later, in seedling, leaf, stem, and root. Thus, MEA is an imprinted gene that displays parent-of-origin-dependent monoallelic expression specifically in the endosperm. These results suggest that the embryo abortion observed in mutant mea seeds is due, at least in part, to a defect in endosperm function. Silencing of the paternal MEA allele in the endosperm and the phenotype of mutant mea seeds supports the parental conflict theory for the evolution of imprinting in plants and mammals.
Photoinduced Reduction of Viologens on Size-Separated CdS Nanocrystals (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoinduced Reduction of Viologens on Size-Separated CdS NanocrystalsHajime Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Uchida, Takahiro Matsunaga, Koji Tanaka, Takao Sakata, Hirotaro Mori, and Hiroshi YoneyamaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 44, 11549–11556Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100095a041https://doi.org/10.1021/j100095a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Intractable Problems in Control Theory (1986)

This paper is an attempt to understand the apparent intractability of problems in decentralized decision-making, using the concepts and methods of computational complexity. We first establish that the discrete version of an important paradigm for this area, proposed by Witsenhausen, is NP-complete, thus explaining the failures reported in the literature to attack it computationally. In the rest of the paper we show that the computational intractability of the discrete version of a control problem (the team decision problem in our particular example) can imply that there is no satisfactory (continuous) algorithm for the continuous version. To this end, we develop a theory of continuous algorithms and their complexity, and a quite general proof technique, which can prove interesting by themselves.
A Study on the Density of the Gutta-containing Cell During the Growth of Eucommia Almodies Oliv in Different Clones (2006)

In this paper,through measuring the density of the gutta-containing cell in Eucommia ulmodies oliv.(du zhong)leaves,the results are as follows: in different clones,the density of the gutta-containing cell(GC.)reach their maximum in mid-July;Between male plant and female plant from the same place,the male plant's not all smaller than the density of the gutta-containing cell of the female plant.
Denial of service attacks and challenges in broadband wireless networks (2008)

Broadband wireless networks are providing internet and related services to end users. The three most important broadband wireless technologies are IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, and\nWireless Mesh Network (WMN). Security attacks and\nvulnerabilities vary amongst these broadband wireless networks because of differences in topologies, network operations and physical setups. Amongst the various security risks, Denial of Service (DoS) attack is the most severe security threat, as DoS can compromise the availability and integrity of broadband\nwireless network. In this paper, we present DoS attack issues in broadband wireless networks, along with possible defenses and future directions.
THEOLOGICAL ETHICS (1968)

Journal Article THEOLOGICAL ETHICS Get access Deeds and Rules in Christian Ethics. By PAUL RAMSEY. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1967. 245 pages. $5.95. HENRY E. KOLBE HENRY E. KOLBE Garrett Theological Seminary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XXXVI, Issue 1, March 1968, Pages 85–86, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XXXVI.1.85 Published: 01 March 1968
Synthesis of (<i>Z</i>)-2-[(<i>Z</i>)-3-Alkylideneisobenzofuran-1(3<i>H</i>)-ylidene]acetic Acid Derivatives by Sequential Coupling-Cyclization between 3-(2-Iodophenyl)-3-oxopropanoic Acid Derivatives and Terminal Alkynes (2008)

3-(2-Iodophenyl)-3-oxopropanoic acid derivatives reacted efficiently with various terminal alkynes in the presence of catalytic amounts of dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and copper(I) iodide and two molar amounts of triethylamine in N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature to afford the corresponding (Z)-2-[(Z)-3-alkylideneisobenzofuran-1(3H)-ylidene]acetic acid derivatives in reasonable yields.
Alcohol and dopamine. (1997)

Dopamine is a neuromodulator that is used by neurons in several brain regions involved in motivation and reinforcement, most importantly the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Dopamine alters the sensitivity of its target neurons to other neurotransmitters, particularly glutamate. In addition, dopamine can affect the neurotransmitter release by the target neurons. Dopamine-containing neurons in the NAc are activated by motivational stimuli, which encourage a person to perform or repeat a behavior. Even low alcohol doses can increase dopamine release in part of the NAc. This dopamine release may contribute to the rewarding effects of alcohol and may thereby play a role in promoting alcohol consumption. In contrast to other stimuli, alcohol-related stimuli maintain their motivational significance even after repeated alcohol administration, which may contribute to the craving for alcohol observed in alcoholics.
Co-delivery of plasmid DNA and doxorubicin by solid lipid nanoparticles for lung cancer therapy (2014)

The co-delivery of DNA and antitumor drugs has the potential to treat cancer. In this study, we aimed to develop surface-modified, co-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) containing enhanced green fluorescence protein plasmid (pEGFP) and doxorubicin (DOX) in order to create a multifunctional delivery system that targets lung cancer cells, in an effort to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. DOX- and pEGFP-loaded SLN were prepared separately and then mixed to form co-encapsulated SLN (SLN/DE). Transferrin (Tf)-containing ligands were used for the surface coating of the vectors. The in vitro transfection efficiency of the modified vectors was evaluated using a human alveolar adenocarcinoma cell line (A549 cells) and the in vivo transfection efficiency of the modified vectors was evaluated using mice bearing A549 tumors. The Tf-modified DOX and pEGFP co-encapsulated SLN (T-SLN/DE) had a particle size of 267 nm with a 42 mV surface charge. The in vitro cytotoxicity of T-SLN/DE was low (cell viability was between 80 and 100% compared with the controls). T-SLN/DE displayed a remarkable therapeutic effect both in drug delivery and gene therapy. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the multifunctional delivery system can improve the efficacy of cancer therapy through the combination of gene therapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the coating of active targeting ligands can improve the efficacy of the carriers at targeting lung cancer cells. Thus, the novel gene and drug delivery system offers an effective strategy for lung cancer gene therapy.
399. Attempts to prepare optically active tervalent nitrogen compounds. Part I. Syntheses of 1 : 9-phenylenecarbazole and derivatives (1939)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Development and Evaluation of the CAHPS<sup>®</sup> Hospital Survey (2005)

This special issue of Health Services Research is intended to provide the reader with technical documentation of the development and testing of the CAHPS Hospital Survey and on the decisions that shaped the final product.In addition, it gives readers a sense of the steps involved and the various factors to be considered in developing a survey for widespread use.CAHPS surveys are used by health care decision makers to help them make informed choices of health care providers.For example, the CAHPS Health Plan Survey is used by a wide variety of organizations, including the National Committee for Quality Assurance, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, state Medicaid programs, Department of Defense, purchasing coalitions, and health plans for a wide variety of purposes, including informing consumers, accrediting health plans, assuring accountability, monitoring performance, and identifying quality improvement targets.Because CAHPS data are used to inform various health care decisions described above, the development of the CAHPS surveys must incorporate input from a wide range of stakeholders to ensure that the final product will meet the needs of those decision makers.In addition, rigorous scientific methods need to be applied in the development and evaluation of CAHPS data to ensure that the products are credible and useful.The first article in the special issue by Elizabeth Goldstein and colleagues provides an overview of the process to solicit input on the content of the questionnaire and the methods for sampling, data collection, and analysis.Input from stakeholders was garnered through a variety of venues, including a literature review, one-on-one meetings, focus groups with target consumers, and issuance of Federal Register Notices.Obtaining this information was critical for the CAHPS Hospital Survey because the hospital industry already has a number of surveys to measure patients' level of satisfaction and their assessment of quality of care.The information allowed the team to develop a CAHPS Hospital Survey that could be integrated with the existing surveys conducted by hospitals, while providing sufficient standardization to ensure valid comparisons among hospitals.
Methodology for Synthesis of Enantiopure 3,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrol‐2‐ones (2015)

Abstract A new synthetic route towards chiral 3,5‐disubstituted pyrrol‐2‐ones by starting from amino acids has been developed. The sequence features the conversion of amino acids into their corresponding alkynoic acid derivative followed by a Pd‐catalyzed hydrostannylation of the triple bond and Stille cross‐coupling reaction. A series of lactam analogues of antifungal 3‐(aryl)‐5‐hydroxymethyl‐2,5‐dihydrofuran‐2‐ones have thus been prepared.
A Probabilistic Constraints Approach to Language Acquisition and Processing (1999)

This article provides an overview of a probabilistic constraints framework for thinking about language acquisition and processing. The generative approach attempts to characterize knowledge of language (i.e., competence grammar) and then asks how this knowledge is acquired and used. Our approach is performance oriented: the goal is to explain how people comprehend and produce utterances and how children acquire this skill. Use of language involves exploiting multiple probabilistic constraints over various types of linguistic and nonlinguistic information. Acquisition is the process of accumulating this information, which begins in infancy. The constraint satisfaction processes that are central to language use are the same as the bootstrapping processes that provide entry to language for the child. Framing questions about acquisition in terms of models of adult performance unifies the two topics under a set of common principles and has important consequences for arguments concerning language learnability.
Functional Characterization of Class Ia- and Non-Class Ia-Restricted <i>Chlamydia</i>-Reactive CD8+ T Cell Responses in Humans (2003)

CD8(+) T cells are a key immune component for the eradication of many intracellular pathogens. This study aims to characterize the human CD8(+) T cell response to naturally processed chlamydial Ags in individuals exposed to the intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis. By using C. trachomatis-infected autologous dendritic cells (DCs) as stimulators, Chlamydia-reactive CD8(+) T cell responses were detected in all 10 individuals tested. The majority of the Chlamydia-reactive CD8(+) T cells were non-MHC class Ia restricted in all three of the individuals tested. From one donor, three non-class Ia-restricted and two class Ia-restricted Chlamydia-specific CD8(+) T cells were cloned and characterized further. All five T cell clones secreted IFN-gamma in response to autologous DCs infected with viable Chlamydia, but not with DCs pulsed with inactivated chlamydial elementary bodies. MHC class Ia-restricted and non-class Ia-restricted responses were inhibited by DC treatment with a proteasomal inhibitor and an endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport inhibitor, suggesting that these T cells recognize a peptide Ag translocated to the host cell cytosol during infection that is processed via the classical class Ia Ag-processing pathway. Even though both restricted and nonrestricted CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma in response to Chlamydia-infected fibroblasts, only the non-class Ia-restricted cells were lytic for these targets. The class Ia-restricted CTLs, however, were capable of cytolysis as measured by redirected killing. Collectively, these data demonstrate that both class Ia-restricted and non-classically restricted CD8(+) T cells are elicited in C. trachomatis-exposed individuals. Their role in host immunity remains to be elucidated.
Long-term Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers Using Zero-valent Iron: An Evaluation at Two Sites (2002)

Research described in this research brief explores the geochemical and microbiological processes occurring within zero-valent iron treatment zones in permeable reactive barriers that may contribute to decreases in iron reactivity and decreases in reaction zone permeability that, in turn, may eventually lead to system plugging and failure. Using advanced surface analytical techniques together with detailed coring and water sampling programs at two geographically, hydrogeologically, and geochemically distinct iron barrier installation sites, specific objectives of this research project were to: 1) Characterize the type and nature of surface precipitates forming over time at the upgradient aquifer/iron interface, within the iron zone, and at the downgradient/iron interface. 2) Develop conceptual models that predict the type and rate of precipitate formation based on iron characteristics and water chemistry. 3) Identify type and extent of microbiological activity upgradient, within and downgradient in at least one of the chosen sites to evaluate microbiological response or effects from emplaced iron into an aquifer system. 4) Develop practical and cost-effective protocols for long-term performance assessments at permeable reactive barrier installations.