gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RANKL/RANK/osteoprotegerin system as novel therapeutic target in the treatment of primary bone tumors and osteolytic metastases (2004)

Primary bone tumors and cancers that metastasize to bone require osteoclastic activity to release tumor-supportive growth factors from bone tissue. A number of systemic and locally acting factors are known to influence osteoclast formation, fusion, activation, and survival. Recently, two critical extracellular regulators of osteoclast differentiation and activation have been identified: receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). RANKL is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related cytokine that stimulates osteoclast differentiation from hematopoietic precursor cells and activation of mature osteoclasts. RANKL activates its specific receptor, receptor activator of NF- kappaB (RANK), located on osteoclasts, chondrocytes and dendritic cells. Binding of the RANK ligand to its receptor and osteoclastogenesis are prevented by osteoprotegerin, a decoy receptor produced by osteoblasts and marrow stromal cells. The balance between RANKL and OPG is of major importance in bone homeostasis. Disorders of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system have been linked to several human diseases, including primary bone tumors skeletal metastases, and hypercalcemia of malignancy. The discovery and characterization of RANKL, RANK and OPG and subsequent studies have changed the concepts of bone metabolism and may form the basis of innovative therapeutic strategies. Novel treatment strategies for bone tumors are emerging based on blockade of the RANKL/RANK interaction. The advantage of these strategies is their potential to selectively target tumor cells. Combining these new strategies with currently available treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy is under investigation, with promising results.
Automatic program repair with evolutionary computation (2010)

There are many methods for detecting and mitigating software errors but few generic methods for automatically repairing errors once they are discovered. This paper highlights recent work combining program analysis methods with evolutionary computation to automatically repair bugs in off-the-shelf legacy C programs. The method takes as input the buggy C source code, a failed test case that demonstrates the bug, and a small number of other test cases that encode the required functionality of the program. The repair procedure does not rely on formal specifications, making it applicable to a wide range of extant software for which formal specifications rarely exist.
Investigation of mechanical properties and microstructure of various molybdenum-rhenium alloys (1999)

Powder metallurgy products made from molybdenum alloys with a rhenium content above 40 weight percent are traditionally used for many high temperature applications. The resistance to thermal shock and high temperature strength of the molybdenum-rhenium alloys make them often the best choice for applications such as: heat sinks, heating elements, thermocouple sheathings, reflectors, vacuum furnace components, electron tube components, hydrazine thrusters, and other important industrial and aerospace applications. The physical characteristics of the molybdenum-rhenium alloys produce a material with excellent life in extremely harsh service environments. The effect of the rhenium addition to molybdenum in powder metallurgy sheet product near and exceeding the saturation point of rhenium in molybdenum was investigated. Alloys of 41,44.5, 47.5 and 51% rhenium were produced to examine the mechanical properties at room temperature, 1073K, and 1473K. Microstructural analysis was performed to correlate mechanical properties with the microstructures present in each alloy. This study shows that an optimum rhenium content can be achieved to maximize room temperature properties and elevated temperature performance.
Increasing the effective barrier height of Schottky contacts to <i>n</i> –In <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> Ga <sub> 1− <i>x</i> </sub> As (1978)

In this letter it is shown that thin interfacial oxide layers may be used to increase the effective barrier height of Au/InP and Au/InGaAs Schottky barriers. These results confirm earlier studies on InP and extend the technique to InGaAs.
In utero imaging of mouse embryonic development with optical coherence tomography (2011)

Studying progression of congenital diseases in animal models can greatly benefit from live embryonic imaging Mouse have long served as a model of mammalian embryonic developmental processes, however, due to intra-uterine nature of mammalian development live imaging is challenging. In this report we present results on live mouse embryonic imaging in utero with Optical Coherence Tomography. Embryos from 12.5 through 17.5 days post-coitus (dpc) were studied through the uterine wall. In longitudinal studies, same embryos were imaged at developmental stages 13.5, 15.5 and 17.5 dpc. This study suggests that OCT can serve as a powerful tool for live mouse embryo imaging. Potentially this technique can contribute to our understanding developmental abnormalities associated with mutations, toxic drugs.
A state-of-the-art SIMD two-dimensional FFT array processor (1984)

A novel implementation of a Two-dimensional FFT array processor is given. The reasons for its superior performance is the one-to-one and onto mapping of the problem communications topology onto the interconnection network, VLSI-based implementation, a proper choice for the number system, multiple-parallelism, and the use of packet-switching as opposed to circuit switching. A performance comparison also presented.
Catalytic upgrading of bio‐oils by esterification (2015)

ABSTRACT Biomass is the term given to naturally‐produced organic matter resulting from photosynthesis, and represents the most abundant organic polymers on Earth. Consequently, there has been great interest in the potential exploitation of lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable feedstock for energy, materials and chemicals production. The energy sector has largely focused on the direct thermochemical processing of lignocellulose via pyrolysis/gasification for heat generation, and the co‐production of bio‐oils and bio‐gas which may be upgraded to produce drop‐in transportation fuels. This mini‐review describes recent advances in the design and application of solid acid catalysts for the energy efficient upgrading of pyrolysis biofuels. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Phosphorylation by Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Controls c-Myc Proteolysis and Subnuclear Localization (2003)

The c-Myc protein is a transcription factor that is a central regulator of cell growth and proliferation. Thr-58 is a major phosphorylation site in c-Myc and is a mutational hotspot in Burkitt's and other aggressive human lymphomas, indicating that Thr-58 phosphorylation restricts the oncogenic potential of c-Myc. Mutation of Thr-58 is also associated with increased c-Myc protein stability. Here we show that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity with lithium increases c-Myc stability and inhibits phosphorylation of c-Myc specifically at Thr-58 in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of GSK-3 alpha or GSK-3 beta enhances Thr-58 phosphorylation and ubiquitination of c-Myc. Together, these observations suggest that phosphorylation of Thr-58 mediated by GSK-3 facilitates c-Myc rapid proteolysis by the ubiquitin pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GSK-3 binds c-Myc in vivo and in vitro and that GSK-3 colocalizes with c-Myc in the nucleus, strongly arguing that GSK-3 is the c-Myc Thr-58 kinase. We found that c-MycS, which lacks the N-terminal 100 amino acids of c-Myc, is unable to bind GSK-3; however, mutation of Ser-62, the priming phosphorylation site necessary for Thr-58 phosphorylation, does not disrupt GSK-3 binding. Finally, we show that Thr-58 phosphorylation alters the subnuclear localization of c-Myc, enhancing its localization to discrete nuclear bodies together with GSK-3.
Speaking notes for Dr R Marika memorial service (2008)

I have been asked here to represent the Yambirrpa Schools' colleagues of the educator that we are remembering today. We are here to celebrate a great life, lady, colleague, educator and representative for this community and her people.
Tracking Objects as Points (2020)

Tracking has traditionally been the art of following interest points through space and time. This changed with the rise of powerful deep networks. Nowadays, tracking is dominated by pipelines that perform object detection followed by temporal association, also known as tracking-by-detection. In this paper, we present a simultaneous detection and tracking algorithm that is simpler, faster, and more accurate than the state of the art. Our tracker, CenterTrack, applies a detection model to a pair of images and detections from the prior frame. Given this minimal input, CenterTrack localizes objects and predicts their associations with the previous frame. That's it. CenterTrack is simple, online (no peeking into the future), and real-time. It achieves 67.3% MOTA on the MOT17 challenge at 22 FPS and 89.4% MOTA on the KITTI tracking benchmark at 15 FPS, setting a new state of the art on both datasets. CenterTrack is easily extended to monocular 3D tracking by regressing additional 3D attributes. Using monocular video input, it achieves 28.3% AMOTA@0.2 on the newly released nuScenes 3D tracking benchmark, substantially outperforming the monocular baseline on this benchmark while running at 28 FPS.
Retrovirus Silencing and Vector Design: Relevance to Normal and Cancer Stem Cells? (2005)

An obstacle confronting gene therapy in stem cells is transcriptional silencing of the vector. Here, we discuss recent data indicating that oncoretrovirus and lentivirus vectors are silenced by multiple epigenetic pathways that result in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Both vector types can be variegated in stem cells and expression is often extinguished during differentiation. We propose a novel model of retrovirus silencing in which epigenetic pathways compete to recruit histone deacetylases, de novo methyltransferases, histone H1 and MeCP2 to the provirus. These chromatin modifications may act in concert with heterochromatin at or near the integration site to establish silencing or variegation respectively. Retrovirus vector designs for stem cells should delete virus silencer elements, incorporate strong positive regulatory elements and insulators, and avoid non-mammalian reporter genes. In addition, cancer stem cells that continually repopulate a growing tumour may share silencing pathways with normal stem cells. Ultimately, optimized vector designs may prove to be valuable tools for gene therapy of both normal and cancer stem cells. Keywords: stem cells, heterochromatin, non-mammalian reporter genes
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Specific G Protein-Coupled Receptors as Novel Therapeutic Targets for Atherosclerosis (2011)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process involving complex interactions of modified lipoproteins, monocyte-derived macrophages or foam cells, lymphocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a biologically active blood-borne lipid mediator, exerts pleiotropic effects such as cell proliferation, migration and cell-cell adhesion in a variety of cell types via five members of S1P-specific high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-S1P5). Among them, S1P1, S1P2 and S1P3 are major receptor subtypes which are widely expressed in various tissues. Available evidence suggest that S1P and HDL-bound S1P exert atheroprotective effects including inhibition of leukocyte adhesion and stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells (ECs) through the activation of Gi signaling pathway via S1P3 and probably S1P1, although there is still controversy. FTY720, the phosphorylation product of which is a high-affinity agonist for all S1P receptors except S1P2 and act as an immunosuppressant by downregulating S1P1 on lymphocytes, inhibits atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-null mice and apoE-null mice through the inhibition of lymphocyte and macrophage functions and probably stimulation of EC functions, without influencing plasma lipid concentrations. In contrast to S1P1 and S1P3, S1P2 facilitates atherosclerosis by activating G12/13-Rho-Rho kinase (ROCK) in apoE-null mice. S1P2 mediates transmigration of monocytes into the arterial intima, oxidized LDL accumulation and cytokine secretion in monocyte-derived macrophages, and eNOS inhibition and cytokine secretion in ECs through Rac inhibition, NF-kB activation and 3’-specific phosphoinositide phosphatase (PTEN) stimulation downstream of G12/13-Rho-ROCK. Systemic long-term administration of a selective S1P2-blocker remarkably inhibits atherosclerosis without overt toxicity. Thus, multiple S1P receptors positively and negatively regulate atherosclerosis through multitudes of mechanisms. Considering the essential and multi-faceted role of S1P2 in atherogenesis and the impact of S1P2 inactivation on atherosclerosis, S1P2 is a particularly promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
Robust Multi-Person Tracking from Moving Platforms (2008)

Abstract. In this paper, we address the problem of multi-person tracking in busy pedestrian zones, using a stereo rig mounted on a mobile platform. The complex-ity of the problem calls for an integrated solution, which extracts as much visual information as possible and combines it through cognitive feedback. We propose such an approach, which jointly estimates camera position, stereo depth, object detection, and tracking. We model the interplay between these components using a graphical model. Since the model has to incorporate object-object interactions, and temporal links to past frames, direct inference is intractable. We therefore propose a two-stage procedure: for each frame we first solve a simplified ver-sion of the model (disregarding interactions and temporal continuity) to estimate the scene geometry and an overcomplete set of object detections. Conditioned on these results, we then address object interactions, tracking, and prediction in a second step. The approach is experimentally evaluated on several long and dif-ficult video sequences from busy inner-city locations. Our results show that the proposed integration makes it possible to deliver stable tracking performance in scenes of realistic complexity. 1
Interlock systems using programmable sequence controllers and a monitoring system of the Photon Factory beamlines (1989)

Fully utilizing programmable sequence controllers, interlock systems for the Photon Factory beamlines were newly designed and constructed for providing the reliable and versatile control logic that is required for beamline characteristics. The systems, accommodated with radiation safety and vacuum interlock logic as well as protection logic for various components against heat and radiation damage, are in operation on eight beamlines. A centralized monitoring system, to which all interlock systems for the beamlines are connected through optical fiber links, was constructed for simultaneously monitoring the operation status of the interlock systems. Individual operations of each interlock system are also controlled by the monitoring system. Log data collected by the monitoring system are summarized and analyzed in order to provide the necessary information for smooth and safe operation as well as for further improvements of the beamlines. The interlock and the monitoring systems are described along with operational remarks.
Short-step stereoselective synthesis of 2α,3α,22-triacetoxy-23,24-dinor-5α-cholan-6-one: key intermediate for the preparation of 24-norbrassinolide, dolicholide and dolichosterone (1993)

A stereoselective synthesis of 6-oxo-23,24-dinor-5α-cholan-2α,3α,22-triyl triacetate 9 was achieved in 44% overall yield in nine steps starting from 3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 8. The important features of this synthesis are the modified Wittig reaction on the 17-oxo steroid 8 and the stereospecific generation of the chiral centre at C-20 by a resin-catalysed ene reaction on (Z)-3β, p-tolylsulfonyloxypregna-5,17(20)-diene 11.
Highly Stable Au Nanoparticles with Tunable Spacing and Their Potential Application in Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors (2009)

Abstract Colloidal Au‐amplified surface plasmon resonance (SPR), like traditional SPR, is typically used to detect binding events on a thin noble metal film. The two major concerns in developing colloidal Au‐amplified SPR lie in 1) the instability, manifested as a change in morphology following immersion in organic solvents and aqueous solutions, and 2) the uncontrollable interparticle distance, determining probe spacing and inducing steric hindrance between neighboring probe molecules. This may introduce uncertainties into such detecting techniques, degrade the sensitivity, and become the barricade hampering colloidal Au‐based transducers from applications in sensing. In this paper, colloidal Au‐amplified SPR transducers are produced by using ultrathin Au/Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite films via a radio frequency magnetron co‐sputtering method. Deposited Au/Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite films exhibit superior stability, and average interparticle distances between Au nanoparticles with similar average sizes can be tuned by changing surface coverage. These characteristics are ascribed to the spacer function and rim confinement of dielectric Al 2 O 3 and highlight their advantages for application in optimal nanoparticle‐amplified SPR, especially when the probe size is smaller than the target molecule size. This importance is demonstrated here for the binding of protein (streptavidin) targets to the probe (biotin) surface. In this case, the dielectric matrix Al 2 O 3 is a main contributor, behaving as a spacer, tuning the concentration of Au nanoparticles, and manipulating the average interparticle distance, and thus guaranteeing an appropriate number of biotin molecules and expected near‐field coupling to obtain optimal sensing performance.
Serum DNA and urine DNA alterations of urinary transitional cell bladder carcinoma detected by fluorescent microsatellite analysis (2001)

There are no reliable serologic tumor markers for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder and noninvasive urine investigations are inadequate. We used fluorescent microsatellite analysis (MSA) to detect serum DNA and urine-sediment DNA alterations in patients with bladder cancer and prospectively collected fresh tumor, peripheral blood, serum and spontaneous urine specimens from 39 consecutive patients treated for TCC of the bladder to obtain the corresponding DNA. Fluorescent MSA was performed with 17 polymorphic markers from the chromosomal regions 5q, 8p, 9p, 9q, 13q, 14q, 17p, 17q and 20q in the 39 cancer patients and in 10 healthy controls. Serum DNA alterations were identified in 84.5% (33 of 39 patients) and tumor-specific urine DNA alterations indicating the diagnosis were present in 72% (27 of 39 patients) of cases. None of the healthy controls displayed serum DNA alterations. The highest frequency of serum DNA aberrations (56%) was detected for chromosomal region 8p. The most frequent alterations in urine-sediment DNA, 36% and 26%, were detected in chromosomal regions 8p and 9p, respectively. Identification of serum DNA and urine-sediment DNA alterations was not related to stage of disease or grade of tumor (p > 0.05). Thus, MSA offers a highly sensitive and specific method for serum- and urine-bound diagnosis of bladder TCC.
105 A New Practical Subject for a freshman in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of INCT (2009)

This paper describes a practical subject named "Mechanical design and practice IB" for a freshman. The subject has been given in 2009 for freshmen of our department of mechanical engineering, Ichinoseki National College of Technology. This practice is aiming at teaching basic techniques of mechanical engineering (e.g. measuring, calculating and practical use of tools). The program consists of (a) measuring techniques by venire caliper and micrometer, and use of pocket calculator, (b) how to use tools through dismantlement and assembly of a machine, (c) design and make a paper airplane. These practices are focusing on the development of a basic knowledge of mechanical engineering and a technique for solving problems, through "try and error". In this paper, the questionnaire results of this subject were also shown. The students attended this subject get the wide interest to the fundamental technology of the mechanical engineering.
A redundant metal-polyimide thin film interconnection process for wafer scale dimensions (1990)

The expected defect modes, and the predominance of a single mode, for wafer-scale interconnections produced using typical thin-film processing techniques are discussed. A process using redundancy in the vertical direction to eliminate the dominant defect mode is presented with calculations illustrating potential yield improvements. Experimental results of an implementation of the redundancy technique using a lift-off process with polyimide dielectric are presented. The process uses a repeatable elemental step capable of producing signal layers, via studs, or reference planes while maintaining good planarity. The basic precepts of the redundant process are verified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Introduction to Single-Sideband Communications (1956)

The elements of the SSB communication system and its advantages over the AM system are discussed. These advantages include benefits to the individual user, generally in the form of reduced size and weight of equipment or more effective communication when conditions limit the size of the installation, and benefits to the radio environment which include spectrum conservation and reduction in the total radiated power required to accomplish a given communication function. Particular attention is devoted to the areas in which problems still remain in the use of SSB techniques in hf communication. Many of these problems arise from the necessity of having a suitable demodulating carrier at the receiver, and include the desirability of having highly accurate and stable frequency control of the transmitter and receiver, complex techniques for frequency synthesis, and techniques for carrier transmission and receiver afc. Other problems include compatibility between AM and SSB systems during the transition period, and standardization of SSB practices.
The lipids of krill (<i>Euphausia</i> species) and red crab (<i>Pleuroncodes planipes</i>) (1971)

The composition of the lipids of two samples of krill and one of "red crab" was determined by thin layer, column and gas chromatographic procedures. A large number of unusual fatty acids were present.
P‐17: Metal Induced Continuous Zonal Domain Polycrystalline Silicon and Thin Film Transistors (2007)

Abstract Metal induced polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) films composing of continuous zonal domain (CZD) in exactly same width have been obtained through pre‐defined crystalline nucleation lines (CNL) on a nano‐layer of silicon dioxide. Employing this technology, the impact of glass substrate shrinking on subsequent alignment process is determined. Additionally, the crystallization process is strictly controllable and the annealing time is shorter than one hour. P‐channel thin film transistors (TFTs) built on CZD poly‐Si exhibit high performance and high uniformity.