gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytokine regulation of experimental intestinal inflammation in genetically engineered and T‐lymphocyte reconstituted rodents. (1996)

Phenotypically similar intestinal inflammation and systemic wasting develops following overexpression or targeted deletion of several key immunoregulatory molecules and transfer of lymphocyte subsets into immunodeficient recipients. Although many of these recently described models of intestinal inflammation have not been thoroughly investigated, several consistent features are present which provide important insights into the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation: (i) entirely distinct genetic alterations of cytokine expression and T-lymphocyte activity can lead to phenotypically similar intestinal inflammation, suggesting that human inflammatory bowel disease could have marked genetic heterogeneity; (ii) dysregulation of any of a number to immunoregulatory molecules can result in intestinal inflammation, illustrating the complexity of the mucosal immune response; (iii) active immunosuppression is critical to maintaining mucosal homeostasis; (iv) interferon-gamma and CD4+ lymphocytes, probably of the TH1 phenotype, are required for progression of chronic intestinal inflammation; (v) monokines are consistently upregulated, but tumour necrosis factor blockade is only partially protective. These models represent powerful new tools to understand better the basic mechanisms of mucosal immunoregulation and to develop novel therapeutic approaches of enhancing endogenous immunosuppressive pathways and blocking key regulatory cytokines and cells.
Cyclins, Cdks, and Cyclin Kinase Inhibitors (1994)

After each mitotic cycle, a cell either remains in the cell cycle and divides once again, or withdraws from the cell cycle and adopts an alternative, nonproliferating cell fate (e.g., quiescence or terminal differentiation). This “decision,” first called Start by Lee Hartwell and coworkers, was discovered and initially characterized by genetic analyses of the cell cycle of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Hartwell et al. 1974). Upon completion of Start, yeast become committed to complete the mitotic cycle and simultaneously initiate the parallel pathways leading to spindle pole body duplication, bud emergence, and DNA replication. An analogous set of events is thought to take place during the G1 phase of the mammalian cell cycle (Zetterberg and Larson 1985), and this is often called the restriction point (Pardee 1974). Prior to the restriction point, but not after, the cell exits the cell cycle if specific mitogenic and growth signals are absent.
New and Novel Technologies in Particulate Filtration (2006)

Particulate air filtration for Collective Protection Systems (CPS) uses high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. The primary issues that are always being pursued with particulate filter improvements are: 1) lower energy consumption, 2) longer filter life, 3) greater dust load capacity, and 4) easier maintenance without compromising filter efficiency. Over the years the Navy has made significant improvements in particulate filters in all of these areas such that the current system is the best operational air filtration system available. However, recent changes in operational requirements have pushed the need for a review of current equipment and it applicability for dealing with new and emerging threats. This paper will focus on the 200CFM HEPA filter used in CPS systems and present technologies that can potentially improve its capability and performance.
Status and challenges for offshore wind energy (2011)

Worldwide demand for renewable energy is increasing rapidly because of the climate problem, and also because oil resources are limited. Wind energy appears as a clean and good solution to cope with a great part of this energy demand. As space is becoming scarce for the installation of onshore wind turbines, offshore wind energy becomes a good alternative. Renewable electricity from wind power can contribute to achieving Kyoto targets for sustainable energy development, but the green image of wind power may be jeopardized if wildlife is adversely affected. This paper deals with a brief revision of the status and development plans of offshore wind power, followed by a critical discussion about the existing challenges and attendant environmental impacts facing the offshore wind energy. Based on the discussions, suggestions are also recommended.
Selective inhibition of arachidonate 5‐lipoxygenase by novel acetohydroxamic acids: effects on bronchial anaphylaxis in anaesthetized guinea‐pigs (1988)

1. The effect of a novel series of orally-active acetohydroxamic acid inhibitors of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase on 'leukotriene-dependent' anaphylactic bronchoconstriction has been investigated in anaesthetized, pump-ventilated guinea-pigs actively sensitized to ovalbumin (OA). In a complementary series of experiments, the pharmacokinetics of these compounds in the plasma compartment following oral administration to guinea-pigs has also been investigated. 2. In animals pretreated with mepyramine (2 mg kg-1, i.v.) and indomethacin (10 mg kg-1, i.v.) and challenged with antigen aerosol (OA 10 mg ml-1; 5 s) compounds BW A4C, BW A137C and BW A797C (10-200 mg kg-1, p.o., 1 h pre-challenge) markedly reduced that component of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction shown to be 'leukotriene-dependent'. 3. The maximum degree of inhibition (up to 75%) of 'leukotriene-dependent' anaphylactic bronchoconstriction by these three compounds was equivalent to that seen with the leukotriene antagonist FPL 55712 (10 mg kg-1, i.v.). 4. The peak levels of unchanged acetohydroxamic acids in the plasma compartment occurred 0.5 h after their oral administration and were as follows: BW A4C: 11.3 +/- 3.9; BW A137C: 7.6 +/- 2.4; BW A797C: 3.9 +/- 1.3 micrograms ml-1 plasma. 5. The inhibition by BW A4C and BW A137C (50 mg kg-1, p.o.) of 'leukotriene-dependent' anaphylactic bronchospasm persisted for up to 3 and 4 h respectively but did not extend to 6 h. The decline in inhibitory activity paralleled the fall in the concentration of unchanged drug in the plasma compartment over this time period. 6. The results of the present study are consistent with BW A4C, BW A137C and BW A797C attenuating 'leukotriene-dependent' bronchial anaphylaxis in anaesthetized guinea-pigs by selective inhibition of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.
Instrument fault detection and isolation: state of the art and new research trends (2000)

This paper presents the current state-of-the-art of residual generation techniques adopted in instrument fault detection and isolation. Both traditional and innovative methods are described with their advantages and their limits. The improvement of analytical redundancy technique performances for better dealing with high-dynamics systems and/or with online applications is pointed out as the most interesting need to focus the research efforts.
Role of citrullination in the development of mouse and human inflammatory arthritis, The (2012)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with the development of autoantibodies to citrullinated protein antigens (ACPAs). Citrullination is the post-translational modification of arginine residues into citrulline by protein arginine deiminases (PADs). ACPAs can be present years before the onset of clinical disease and represent an increased risk for future development of RA. While high ACPA titers are associated with increased disease severity, the fact that ACPAs are present for years prior to the onset of clinically apparent disease questions their contribution, and the contribution of citrullination, to the pathogenesis of RA. In order to understand the contribution of ACPAs and citrullinated epitopes to the pathogenesis of disease, mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were treated with the PAD inhibitors Cl-amidine, a pan-PAD inhibitor, or GSK283, a PAD4 inhibitor. Mice treated with either PAD inhibitor showed reduced clinical and histological disease severity, eptiope spreading, and in the case of Cl-amidine, total citrulline levels in the joint and serum. Interestingly epitope spreading in mice treated with PAD inhibitors was reduced in a citrulline-independent manner, suggesting that the ameliorative effects of PAD inhibitor treatment are not necessarily derived from the elimination of citrullinated epitopes and/or ACPA. Cl-amidine treatment failed to ameliorate collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA), suggesting that the effector phase of the arthritis response is unaffected by PAD inhibition. As part of a CCTSI-funded clinical research project, sputum samples were obtained from subjects at-risk for the future development of RA. These samples were evaluated for the presence of RA-related autoantibodies (ACPAs and rheumatoid factors [RF]) to test the hypothesis that autoimmunity may begin in the lung in RA. RA-related autoantibodies were detected in the sputa of at-risk subjects as well as patients with early RA (≤ 1 year of diagnosis) as compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the detection of RA-related autoantibodies in the absence of serological detection of these same autoantibodies suggests that in in some subjects, RA may begin in the lung. Together these data suggest that PAD inhibition ameliorates disease by altering the immune response more broadly than eliminating citrullinated epitope availability and that in some cases RA may begin in the lung.
Electrothermal simulation of the self-heating effects in GaN-based field-effect transistors (2006)

We report results of the analytical and numerical investigation of self-heating effects in GaN-based high-power field-effect transistors. The problem of heat transfer in a transistor structure has been solved both analytically, using the method of images, and numerically. Two-dimensional electrothermal simulations of the GaN metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors on SiC and sapphire substrate have been performed in a framework of the drift-diffusion model. Using the physical-based simulations, we studied the dependence of the hot-spot temperature on the gate-to-gate pitch in the transistors with multiple gate fingers. Particular attention has been paid to comparison of self-heating effects in GaN transistors on SiC and sapphire substrates. The obtained results can be used for optimization of the thermal design of the GaN-based high-power field-effect transistors.
Registration of multimodal fluorescein images sequence of the retina (2005)

In this study, we present a Y-feature extraction method for registering color and fluorescein angiograms of the retina. The registration of multimodal fluorescein imagery requires the identification of strong geometric features in the retinal images that are invariant across modalities and to temporal grey level variations due to the propagation of the dye in the vessels. The most informative features, invariant across the considered modalities, are the locations of vessels' ramification: the so-called Y-features. We propose a Y-feature extraction method based on the local classification of image gradient information and an articulated model. An appropriate cost function is proposed for fitting the model using a gradient based approach. The fitted Y-features are subsequently matched across the images for registering the color and fluorescein images. Experimental results obtained on a large database validate the proposed method.
Simultaneous three-dimensional dynamic deformation measurements with pulsed digital holography (1999)

The three deformation components x, y, z of a vibrating object are measured simultaneously by use of digital holography with a double-pulse ruby laser source. The object is illuminated from three different directions, each optically path matched with three reference beams such that three independent digital holograms are formed and added incoherently in one single CCD image. The optical phase difference between the two recordings taken for each hologram is quantitatively evaluated by the Fourier-transform method so that a set of three phase maps is obtained, representing the deformation along three sensitivity vectors. The total object deformation is obtained as a vector resultant from the data of the three phase maps. To give the full three-dimensional (3-D) description, the shape of the object is measured by the two-wavelength contouring method. Experiments are performed with a cylinder as the test object, transiently and harmonically excited. The 3-D deformation and shape measurement results are presented graphically.
[Peptide nucleic acids and their phosphonate analogues: synthesis and hybridization characteristics]. (1998)

The synthesis of a series of DNA mimics--peptide nucleic acids, phosphonate analogues of peptide nucleic acids, and their hybrids--is described. The preparative synthesis of the corresponding monomers and the solid phase automated synthesis of oligomers-mimics are developed. Modified phosphonate analogues of peptide nucleic acids, in particular chiral derivatives and those with additional hydroxyl groups in the side chains of the backbone as well as pyrene derivatives of peptide nucleic acids and their phosphonate analogues, are prepared. The ability of the resulting oligomers specifically to hybridize to DNA and RNA complementary chains is studied. It is shown that phosphonate analogues of peptide nucleic acids and their hybrids with peptide nucleic acids can form complexes with the DNA and RNA complementary strands, the stability of the complexes increasing in parallel with the increase in the number of peptide nucleic acid residues in the chain of the mimic. This property, along with good water solubility, provides the precondition for further evaluation of these compounds as antisense and antigene agents.
An efficient bus architecture for system-on-chip design (2003)

This paper presents the issues confronted when integrating system-on-chip (SOC) designs and offers solution through a detailed description of the CoreFrame/sup TM/ system-on-chip bus architecture that has dramatically reduced system design and verification effort while enhancing the reusability and customizability of system-on-chip product developments. The CoreFrame on-chip bus architecture is defined along with examples to illustrate how a design friendly bus standard will effect the mix and match of reusable cores without sacrificing performance.
Heat-Induced Interactions of Whey Proteins and Casein Micelles with Different Concentrations of α<b>-</b>Lactalbumin and β-Lactoglobulin (1997)

The effect of the addition of individual whey proteins to skim milk on the interaction between casein micelles and whey proteins was studied, during heat treatment at 75, 80, and 90 °C. Not only temperature and time but also concentration affected the extent of the heat-induced reations of the whey proteins with casein micelles. In general, higher concentration of α-lactalbumin (α-la) in skim milk caused an increase in the amount of this protein associated with the micelles. On the other hand, a further addition of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) hardly affected the maximum incorporation of this protein with the casein micellar fraction. To determine the effect of a lower concentration of whey protein than that present in natural skim milk, purified α-la and β-lg were added to separated casein micelles suspended in milk permeate from ultrafiltration, and the reconstituted mixture was heated at 80 °C. In the absence of β-lg, very little α-la was found associated with the micellar pellet after heating. When comparable amounts of whey proteins were present, the interaction behaviors of α-la and β-lg with casein micelles were very similar, resulting in an α-la/β-lg ratio close to 1. In general, the ratios of α-la/β-lg associated with the heated micelles were significantly affected by the amount of protein present, either in skim milk or in the presence of resuspended micelles. In milk, at temperatures <90 °C, α-la and β-lg may interact together in the serum phase, with a ratio depending on the original protein concentration, before interacting with casein micelles; this hypothesis could explain most of the observations made in the study. Keywords: Skim milk; heat treatment; α-lactalbumin; β-lactoglobulin; κ-casein; protein interactions
Silicone sponge implant in combination with episcleral implant for retinal detachment surgery. (1980)

The results of retinal detachment surgery performed in 50 patients utilizing a silicone sponge episcleral implant combination placed beneath an encircling band have been reviewed. Anatomical reattachment has been achieved in 48 (95%) procedures and complications associated with this technique have been infrequent. The modification described emphasizes the stability and permanency of the sponge episcleral implant combination placed beneath the encircling band without the placement of additional buckling or anchoring sutures. This procedure is used for the treatment of communicating radial folds and fishmouth tears in primary operations or reoperations.
Integration and frequency dependent electrical modeling of Through Silicon Vias (TSV) for high density 3DICs (2010)

Evaluation of Through Silicon Via (TSV) electrical parameters is mandatory to improve heterogeneous 3D chip performance in the frame of a “more than Moore” roadmap. Accurate modeling of TSV is consequently essential to perform design, material and process optimizations. This paper presents a frequency dependent analytical model including MOS effect of high aspect ratio TSV achieved in a full CMOS 65 nm platform according to a face-to-face Via Last process. Specific test structures with bulk contacts to polarize silicon were integrated enabling C(V) and RF measurements. TSV equivalent model including all substrate effects is proposed and simplified according to CMOS 65 nm specificities (voltage, frequency, dimensions and Si conductivity) leading to a full analytical model.
One‐Pot Four‐Component Synthesis of <i>N</i><sup>2</sup>‐Alkyl‐<i>N</i><sup>3</sup>‐[2‐(1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)aryl]benzofuran‐2,3‐diamines (2012)

Abstract A simple synthesis of N 2 ‐alkyl‐ N 3 ‐[2‐(1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)aryl]benzofuran‐2,3‐diamines 5 via a one‐pot four‐component reaction is described ( Scheme 1 ). A mixture of N ‐(isocyanoimino)triphenylphosphorane ( 1 ), a 2‐aminobenzoic acid 2 , a 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde 3 , and an isocyanide 4 in absolute EtOH at room temperature undergoes a smooth reaction to afford 5 in excellent yields ( Table ).
An Italian family with autosomal recessive inclusion-body myopathy and mutations in the <i>GNE</i> gene (2002)

The term hereditary inclusion-body myopathies (h-IBM) refers to several syndromes with autosomal recessive (AR) or dominant inheritance.1 Although clinical presentation may vary among different forms, they all lead to severe disability and share common findings at muscle biopsy. The most common form of AR h-IBM, originally described in Persian-Jewish (PJ) patients, is characterized by onset in the second to third decade of life with weakness and atrophy of distal lower limb muscles, progressing proximally with relative sparing of the quadriceps.1

AR h-IBM is associated with mutations in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase ( GNE ) gene on chromosome 9p12–13.2 A homozygous T→C mutation at nucleotide position (np) 2186 in the GNE gene, converting methionine to threonine, was found in all PJ patients, whereas patients of other ethnic origins were compound heterozygotes for other mutations.2 GNE mutations have been found in patients with AR Nonaka myopathy, another form of h-IBM.1,3⇓ GNE is a bifunctional enzyme with epimerase and kinase activities, which has a critical role in sialic acid biosynthesis.4

In this current study an Italian family with AR quadriceps-sparing h-IBM, previously shown to be linked to …
Shape resonances in multi-condensate granular superconductors formed by networks of nanoscale-striped puddles (2013)

A characteristic feature of a superconductor made of multiple condensates is the possibility of the shape resonances in superconducting gaps. Shape resonances belong to class of Fano resonances in configuration interaction between open and closed scattering channels. The Shape resonances arise because of the exchange interaction, a Josephson-like term, for transfer of pairs between different condensates in different Fermi surface spots in the special cases where at least one Fermi surface is near a 2.5 Lifshitz topological transition. We show that tuning the shape resonances show first, the gap suppression (like a Fano anti-resonance) driven by configuration interaction between a BCS condensate and a BEC-like condensate, and second, the gap amplification (like a Fano resonance) driven by configuration interaction between BCS condensates in large and small Fermi surfaces. Shape resonances usually occur in granular nanoscale complex matter (called superstripes) because of the lattice instability near a 2.5 Lifshitz transition in presence of interactions. Using a new imaging method, scanning nano-X-ray diffraction, we have shown the generic formation in high temperature superconductors of a granular superconducting networks made of striped puddles formed by ordered oxygen interstitials or ordered local lattice distortions (like static short range charge density waves). In the superconducting puddles the chemical potential is tuned to a shape resonance in superconducting gaps and the maximum Tc occurs where the puddles form scale free superconducting networks.
Biomimetic sonar recognizes objects using binaural information (1997)

An active sonar using Polaroid electrostatic transducers positioned at the end of a robot arm is described that adaptively changes its location and configuration in response to the echoes it observes in order to recognize an object. The sonar mimics biological echo-location systems, such as those employed by bats and dolphins, in that there is a center transmitter flanked by two adjustable receivers, the sonar has rotational and translational mobility, and the echo processing contains elements that have been observed in the mammalian auditory system. Using information in the echoes, the sonar translates in a horizontal plane and rotates in pitch and yaw to position an object at a standard location within the beam patterns. The transmitter points at the object to maximize the incident acoustic intensity and the receivers rotate to maximize the echo amplitude and the bandwidth, and to minimize the echo-producing region. This procedure results in a unique echo vector associated with each object at a given object pose. Recognition is accomplished by extracting 32 values from the binaural echo patterns and searching a data base that is constructed during a learning phase. The system operation is illustrated by having it recognize rubber O-rings of different sizes and by differentiating the head and tail sides of a coin.
Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-11 (Stromelysin-3) and TIMP-1 Genes in the Placenta and the Uterus during Estrous Cycles and Gestation in the Mouse. (1995)

Changes in MMP-11 (stromelysin-3) and TIMP-1 gene expression in the uterus and the placenta of the mouse during different reproductive stages were examined by quantitative RT-PCR. MMP-11 expression rose steeply from baseline levels in early estrus, and reached a peak at estrus, and then declined rapidly on diestrus. During pregnancy, high levels of MMP-11 mRNA were detected in the uterus on Days 1 and 19 of gestation, while it was minimal on Day 7. A reciprocal relationship was found between MMP-11 and TIMP-1 expression both in the uterus and the placenta. These observations suggest a role for MMP-11 in the remodeling of uterine extracellular matrix during the estrous cycle and the pregnancy.