gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigations into sensation of 'softness' and perception of the tactile properties of 'soft touch' thermoplastic elastomers. (2004)

Three studies were undertaken to provide initial objective data on the psychological perception of soft plastic materials. In the first study, a vocabulary elicitation study, 105 participants (representing a wide range of characteristics – age, gender, ethnicity, sensory impairment) were asked to produce any words to describe the characteristics of a set of samples of soft touch thermoplastic elastomers. These words were then used in a card sort study in which a further 10 participants were asked to sort cards with the words typed on them into as many piles as they liked, with similar words in each pile. This study yielded 7 clusters of words, representing the key psychological dimensions of the perception of soft touch thermoplastic elastomers: femininity, pleasantness, elasticity, masculinity, uncomforting, robustness and malleability. Finally, the third study investigated the psychophysics of the relationship between physical characteristics and the psychological perception of a set of samples. The magnitude estimation method was used, with participants assessing the softness/smoothness of samples in comparison to the softness/smoothness of a modulus sample. The results showed a highly significant relationship between the perception of softness of the soft touch thermoplastic elastomers and their Shore A hardness values, that was unaffected by the thickness or shape of the samples. No significant relationship was found between the perception of the smoothness of the soft touch thermoplastic elastomers and their Shore A hardness values. The implications of these results are discussed.
Comparison of toxicity induced by iodine and iodide in male and female rats (1991)

In risk assessments the various forms of iodine have been treated as if they were toxicologically equivalent. While iodide (I-) and iodate (IO3-) have been studied, no studies concerned with the subchronic toxicity of iodine (I2) have been conducted in experimental animals. This study examined toxicities associated with iodine. Rats were treated with 0, 1, 3, 10, and 100 mg/l of either iodine or iodide (as Nal) in the drinking water for 100 d. Treatment had no effect on body, brain, or heart weights in either sex, or on testes weights in male rats. Although differences in kidney and liver weights were noted, they did not appear to be treatment related. Thyroid weight in male rats was significantly increased with an increasing concentration of iodide in the water, but not iodine. In contrast, thyroid weight decreased at the highest dose of iodide in female rats. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values were relatively constant and did not vary with treatment. There were no significant differences in AST, ALT, cholesterol, and triglyceride values. After 10 d on treatment a dose-related trend in increased plasma T4 concentrations was observed in both sexes treated with iodine. Statistically significant increases in the T4/T3 ratio in both sexes was also noted with iodine treatment. This increase was maintained for 100 d of treatment. Iodide did not produce this effect at 10 d. Although there was a significant increase in T4/T3 ratios in female rats after 100 d of treatment with iodide, the magnitude of the changes was smaller than that observed with iodine treatments. The results of this study indicate that iodine and iodide affect thyroid hormone status in substantially different ways.
A rapid and label-free platform for virus capture and identification from clinical samples (2019)

Emerging and reemerging viruses are responsible for a number of recent epidemic outbreaks. A crucial step in predicting and controlling outbreaks is the timely and accurate characterization of emerging virus strains. We present a portable microfluidic platform containing carbon nanotube arrays with differential filtration porosity for the rapid enrichment and optical identification of viruses. Different emerging strains (or unknown viruses) can be enriched and identified in real time through a multivirus capture component in conjunction with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. More importantly, after viral capture and detection on a chip, viruses remain viable and get purified in a microdevice that permits subsequent in-depth characterizations by various conventional methods. We validated this platform using different subtypes of avian influenza A viruses and human samples with respiratory infections. This technology successfully enriched rhinovirus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses, and maintained the stoichiometric viral proportions when the samples contained more than one type of virus, thus emulating coinfection. Viral capture and detection took only a few minutes with a 70-fold enrichment enhancement; detection could be achieved with as little as 10<sup>2</sup> EID<sub>50</sub>/mL (50% egg infective dose per microliter), with a virus specificity of 90%. After enrichment using the device, we demonstrated by sequencing that the abundance of viral-specific reads significantly increased from 4.1 to 31.8% for parainfluenza and from 0.08 to 0.44% for influenza virus. This enrichment method coupled to Raman virus identification constitutes an innovative system that could be used to quickly track and monitor viral outbreaks in real time.
Los colectivos «ocupas» y la respuesta del Derecho Penal (2011)

La usurpacion de la posesion de una propiedad inmobiliaria por parte de colectivos «ocupas» supone el mayor atentado a los derechos posesorios. El allanamiento de morada, el robo y el hurto en inmuebles, suponen atentar contra las posesiones de bienes obrantes en el interior de los inmuebles. Sin embargo, la ocupacion de inmuebles es una lesion mucho mayor, por cuanto supone la privacion de la posesion misma del inmueble. Pues bien, la jurisdiccion penal no entiende como delito de usurpacion de bien inmueble la «ocupacion», por parte de colectivos, de masias, edificios o inmuebles que no puedan considerarse en sentido estricto como «viviendas».
A new pressure-swing-distillation process for separating homogeneous azeotropic mixtures (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new pressure-swing-distillation process for separating homogeneous azeotropic mixturesJeffrey P. Knapp and Michael F. DohertyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 1, 346–357Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00001a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00001a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3158Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synaptic Depression and Cortical Gain Control (1997)

Cortical neurons receive synaptic inputs from thousands of afferents that fire action potentials at rates ranging from less than 1 hertz to more than 200 hertz. Both the number of afferents and their large dynamic range can mask changes in the spatial and temporal pattern of synaptic activity, limiting the ability of a cortical neuron to respond to its inputs. Modeling work based on experimental measurements indicates that short-term depression of intracortical synapses provides a dynamic gain-control mechanism that allows equal percentage rate changes on rapidly and slowly firing afferents to produce equal postsynaptic responses. Unlike inhibitory and adaptive mechanisms that reduce responsiveness to all inputs, synaptic depression is input-specific, leading to a dramatic increase in the sensitivity of a neuron to subtle changes in the firing patterns of its afferents.
Synthesis of Peptide Alkylthioesters Using the Intramolecular <i>N</i>,<i>S</i>-Acyl Shift Properties of Bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amido Peptides (2011)

The design of novel methods giving access to peptide alkylthioesters, the key building blocks for protein synthesis using Native Chemical Ligation, is an important area of research. Bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amido peptides (SEA peptides) 1 equilibrate in aqueous solution with S-2-(2-mercaptoethylamino)ethyl thioester peptides 2 through an N,S-acyl shift mechanism. HPLC was used to study the rate of equilibration for different C-terminal amino acids and the position of equilibrium as a function of pH. We show also that thioester form 2 can participate efficiently in a thiol-thioester exchange reaction with 5% aqueous 3-mercaptopropionic acid. The highest reaction rate was obtained at pH 4. These experimental conditions are significantly less acidic than those reported in the past for related systems. The method was validated with the synthesis of a 24-mer peptide thioester. Consequently, SEA peptides 1 constitute a powerful platform for access to native chemical ligation methodologies.
Color vision-based multi-level analysis and fusion for road area detection (2008)

This paper presents an integrated approach to robust analysis of road area images in front of the car from a single color camera. In order to get more information from the image source, we build a three-level data fusion based on Dempster-Shafer’s decision theory. During the first level, we separate the input image into perspective view and bird’s view and recognize small road patches from the background using color histogram features. In the second level we fuse the evidences from each recognized patch and re-calculate the road-like probabilities in each view. The third level is to merge the results of the two views into one bird’s-view segmentation map to achieve a high degree of reliability. Our Bagging-like method has been tested in real world environments and the fusion results have been shown to be robust to road textures, trees and moving objects in the scene.
Analysis of Immunological Nonresponsiveness to the 19-Kilodalton Fragment of Merozoite Surface Protein 1 of<i>Plasmodium yoelii</i>: Rescue by Chemical Conjugation to Diphtheria Toxoid (DT) and Enhancement of Immunogenicity by Prior DT Vaccination (2003)

The Plasmodium merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) is a leading vaccine candidate for protecting against the blood stage of malaria. Previous studies have shown that the 19-kDa carboxyl terminus of this protein is able to induce protective immunity in some monkey and mouse strains. We show that immunization with the recombinant Plasmodium yoelii 19-kDa fragment of MSP1 (MSP1(19)) expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yMSP1(19)) can induce protective antibodies in several inbred mouse strains and one outbred mouse strain. However, mice expressing the H-2(s) major histocompatibility complex haplotype are unable to generate yMSP1(19)-specific antibodies. While synthetic peptides derived from MSP1(19) are immunogenic in B10.S mice, they cannot function as helper epitopes, and immunization with yMSP1(19) does not induce T cells that recognize the recombinant protein or synthetic peptides corresponding to its sequence. Nonresponsiveness could be overcome by using chemical linkers to conjugate yMSP1(19) to diphtheria toxoid (DT), resulting in immunogens capable of inducing protective yMSP1(19)-specific antibodies in both MSP1(19)-responsive and otherwise nonresponsive mouse strains. The ability of sera from mice immunized with the conjugate to inhibit binding of a protective monoclonal antibody (MAb 302) to yMSP1(19) correlated strongly with a delay in the prepatent period. Chemical conjugation of yMSP1(19) to DT may be a preferred method to enhance immunogenicity, as carrier priming experiments demonstrated that an existing immune response to DT enhanced a subsequent antibody response to yMSP1(19) after vaccination with yMSP1(19)-DT. These results have important implications for the development of a malaria vaccine to protect a population with diverse HLAs.
Synthesis of Cyclic Dipeptides by Ring-Closing Metathesis (2000)

Several cyclic dipeptides (4a−g and 9a−c) have been synthesized by “amide-to-amide” cyclization of 2a−g and 8a−c, respectively, by means of ring-closing metathesis employing the Grubbs ruthenium catalyst. The influence of additives as well as the length of the amide substituent were studied. Best yields were obtained by cyclization in solution with either lithium fluoroacetate or α,α-dichlorotoluene as an additive.
Design of a Modular Tetrameric Scaffold for the Synthesis of Membrane-Localized <scp>d</scp>-Peptide Inhibitors of HIV-1 Entry (2012)

The highly conserved HIV-1 gp41 "pocket" region is a promising target for inhibiting viral entry. PIE12-trimer is a protease-resistant trimeric d-peptide inhibitor that binds to this pocket and potently blocks HIV entry. PIE12-trimer also possesses a reserve of binding energy that provides it with a strong genetic barrier to resistance ("resistance capacitor"). Here, we report the design of a modular scaffold employing PEGs of discrete lengths for the efficient optimization and synthesis of PIE12-trimer. This scaffold also allows us to conjugate PIE12-trimer to several membrane-localizing cargoes, resulting in dramatically improved potency and retention of PIE12-trimer's ability to absorb the impact of resistance mutations. This scaffold design strategy should be of broad utility for the rapid prototyping of multimeric peptide inhibitors attached to potency- or pharmacokinetics-enhancing groups.
More reasons to dread rain on vacation? Dengue fever in 42 German and United Kingdom Madeira tourists during autumn 2012 (2013)

In October and November 2012 residents and tourists in the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal, were affected by dengue fever. The outbreak waned during the unusually dry winter. Using a Monte Carlo test we investigated the hypothesis that rainy weather conveyed increased risk of dengue virus infection among tourists. Results confirmed the hypothesis. As it is unclear whether the outbreak is over, upkeep and emphasis on mosquito avoidance on rainy days may help residents and tourists reduce infection risk.
Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma in Japan. (2001)

In Japan, crocidolite had been used for asbestos cement pipe and spraying, and amosite had been used for building board and spraying. These two types of asbestos had stopped to use in Japan in the late 1970s. An extreme increase in imported asbestos (all 3 commercial types) was observed between 1960 and 1974. In 1960, 77,000 tons of asbestos were imported, and reached the peak as 352,316 tons in 1974. This extreme rise of asbestos imports corresponds with the recent rapid increase in mortality of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Between 1995 and 1999, an estimated mean annual death from pleural mesothelioma was about 500. The annual number of compensated occupational respiratory cancers due to asbestos exposure has also been increasing. Up to the end of March 2000, 162 cases with malignant mesothelioma and 197 cases with lung cancer were compensated. As for lung cancer, epidemiological studies are scanty in Japan. Limited environmental data of the working places in asbestos textile factories suggests that heavy asbestos exposure in the past made deaths from respiratory diseases. Less asbestos exposure will enable exposed workers to survive enough to reach cancer age. Even now smoking rate among males in Japan are over 50%. So lung cancer deaths caused by the interaction between smoking and asbestos exposure will be continuing.
A probabilistic approach to nearest-neighbor classification (2011)

Most machine-learning tasks, including classification, involve dealing with high-dimensional data. It was recently shown that the phenomenon of hubness, inherent to high-dimensional data, can be exploited to improve methods based on nearest neighbors (NNs). Hubness refers to the emergence of points (hubs) that appear among the k NNs of many other points in the data, and constitute influential points for kNN classification. In this paper, we present a new probabilistic approach to kNN classification, naive hubness Bayesian k-nearest neighbor (NHBNN), which employs hubness for computing class likelihood estimates. Experiments show that NHBNN compares favorably to different variants of the kNN classifier, including probabilistic kNN (PNN) which is often used as an underlying probabilistic framework for NN classification, signifying that NHBNN is a promising alternative framework for developing probabilistic NN algorithms.
Fabrication and electrical properties of lapped type of TMR heads for ∼50 Gb/in/sup 2/ and beyond (2002)

Tunnel giant magnetoresistance (TMR) heads at /spl sim/50 Gb/in/sup 2/ have been fabricated using improved lapping process. Together with writer of 2.0 T pole materials, recording performance has been demonstrated at magnetic write width of 0.28 /spl mu/m and magnetic read width of 0.18 /spl mu/m. The resistance area product of final wafer data is around 5 /spl Omega//spl middot//spl mu/m/sup 2/, with lead and contact resistance included, resulting in a final head resistance of around 200 /spl Omega/. The output voltage achieved for 1 mA bias current is 42 mV//spl mu/m, and the isolated pulses are stable. With a discrete preamplifier, the track density as measured by "747 curve" is 94 kTPI at a bit-error rate of 10/sup -4/ and the linear density is 508 kBPI, achieving an areal density of 48 Gb/in/sup 2/. The noise analysis reveals that the noises come mainly from media and shot noise.
CQI-MCS Mapping for Green LTE Downlink Transmission (2013)

Maximizing the data rate and spectral efficiency are the main targets in LTE cellular systems. However, any increase in data rate or spectral efficiency will result in an undesirable increase in energy consumption. Hence, both energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) necessitate to be optimized. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization framework is formulated to prove the tradeoff between both EE and SE in LTE downlink transmission. A new mapping algorithm between channel quality indicator (CQI) and modulation and coding scheme (MCS) is proposed by using a multi-criteria decision making technique. The proposed CQI- MCS mapping algorithm will search for the most suitable MCS according to the reported CQI value by considering the tradeoff between SE and EE while keeping block error rate (BLER) below its threshold value. Simulation results have shown that the proposed mapping algorithm can provide an efficient compromise solution compared to the existing 3GPP-LTE mapping. Therefore, the proposed CQI-MCS mapping can optimize the EE and SE based on different mapping values depending on the operator preferences.
Semi Supervised Semantic Segmentation Using Generative Adversarial Network (2017)

Semantic segmentation has been a long standing challenging task in computer vision. It aims at assigning a label to each image pixel and needs a significant number of pixel-level annotated data, which is often unavailable. To address this lack of annotations, in this paper, we leverage, on one hand, a massive amount of available unlabeled or weakly labeled data, and on the other hand, non-real images created through Generative Adversarial Networks. In particular, we propose a semi-supervised framework - based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) - which consists of a generator network to provide extra training examples to a multi-class classifier, acting as discriminator in the GAN framework, that assigns sample a label y from the K possible classes or marks it as a fake sample (extra class). The underlying idea is that adding large fake visual data forces real samples to be close in the feature space, which, in turn, improves multiclass pixel classification. To ensure a higher quality of generated images by GANs with consequently improved pixel classification, we extend the above framework by adding weakly annotated data, i.e., we provide class level information to the generator. We test our approaches on several challenging benchmarking visual datasets, i.e. PASCAL, SiftFLow, Stanford and CamVid, achieving competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art semantic segmentation methods.
Improvement of resource efficiency of the catalytic isomerization process by mathematical modeling (2018)

The article examines main schemes of reaction networks of the catalytic isomerization of the pentane-hexane fraction. The selection of the kinetic model for the most complete description of the basic chemical processes based on the mechanism of the reactions proceeding is substantiated. The mathematical model is constructed on the basis of kinetic model. The foundations for the subsequent modeling of the entire chemical-technological process system are laid.
Demonstration of a parametrically activated entangling gate protected from flux noise (2020)

In state-of-the-art quantum computing platforms, including superconducting qubits and trapped ions, imperfections in the two-qubit entangling gates are the dominant contributions of error to systemwide performance. Recently, a novel two-qubit parametric gate was proposed and demonstrated with superconducting transmon qubits. This gate is activated through rf modulation of the transmon frequency and can be operated at an amplitude where the performance is first-order insensitive to flux noise. In this work we experimentally validate the existence of this ac sweet spot and demonstrate its dependence on white-noise power from room-temperature electronics. With these factors in place, we observe entangling-gate fidelity with coherence-limited performance. An ensemble of repeated observations has a median fidelity of 98.8%, with roughly 10% of observations above 99%.
Classification of Postponement Strategies and Performance Metrics Framework (2001)

Postponement strategy is an efficient solution to combat against runaway costs due to quick response to customer order, increasing product variation and demand for product customization.Over time, the scope and application of postponement has expanded to various aspects in the supply chain.This paper surveys various types of postponement and classifies them based on the view of reconfiguration of the supply chain network, which contains form, time and place postponement.It also proposes a performance metrics framework for measuring postponement strategies.