gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of the L Component of <i>Streptococcus zymogenes</i> Lysin (1971)

By utilizing conventional techniques of pressure ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide electrophoresis, the L component of the group D lysin produced by Streptococcus zymogenes strains has been purified to a state of homogeneity as determined by the techniques of disc-gel electrophoresis at pH 9.3 and 4.3 and isoelectric focusing. The L component was found to be a protein possessing a molecular weight of 11,000 with a slight net negative charge at physiological pH.
Cerebral Blood Flow During Hemodilution and Hypoxia in Rats (1999)

Both hypoxia and hemodilution increased CBF. Glibenclamide treatment significantly attenuated the CBF increase during hypoxia but not after hemodilution. This finding supports our hypothesis that K(ATP) channels do not contribute to increasing CBF during hemodilution. Because intravascular PO(2) is normal during hemodilution, this finding supports the hypothesis that intravascular PO(2) is an important regulator of cerebral vascular tone and exerts its effect in part by activation of K(ATP) channels in the cerebral circulation.
Biological Roles of Resolvins and Related Substances in the Resolution of Pain (2015)

Endogenous pain-inhibitory substances have rarely been found. A group of powerful pain suppressor molecules that are endogenously generated are now emerging: resolvins and related compounds including neuroprotectins and maresins. These molecules began to be unveiled in a series of inflammation studies more than a decade ago, rapidly shifting the paradigm that explains the mechanism for the inflammatory phase switch. The resolution phase was considered a passive process as proinflammatory mediators disappeared; it is now understood to be actively drawn by the actions of resolvins. Surprisingly, these substances potently affect the pain state. Although this research area is not fully matured, consistently beneficial outcomes have been observed in a various in vivo and in vitro pain models. Furthermore, multiple hypotheses on the neuronal and molecular mechanisms for alleviating pain are being tested, deriving inspiration from existing inflammation and pain studies. This paper serves as a brief summary of the proresolving roles of resolvins and related lipid mediators in inflammation and also as a review for accumulated information of their painkilling actions. This also includes potential receptor-mediated mechanisms and discusses future scientific perspectives. Further diverse approaches will help to construct a hidden axis of natural protection principles and establish proofs of concept for pain relief.
Hypolipidaemic drugs are activated to acyl-CoA esters in isolated rat hepatocytes. Detection of drug activation by human liver homogenates and by human platelets (1992)

The formation of acyl-CoA esters of the hypolipidaemic peroxisome proliferators clofibric acid, ciprofibrate and nafenopin was studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. The concentration of ciprofibroyl-CoA in the liver of ciprofibrate-treated rats was in the range of 10-30 microM. The three drugs formed acyl-CoA esters when incubated with isolated hepatocytes. Their formation was saturable and reached a plateau after 30 min incubation. Maximal intracellular concentrations of ciprofibroyl-CoA and clofibroyl-CoA (100 microM and 55 microM respectively) were attained at 0.5 mM of the free drugs in the incubation medium, whereas for nafenopin-CoA, the maximal intracellular concentration (9 microM) was reached at 1 mM-nafenopin. At low concentrations of the hypolipidaemic compounds in the incubation medium a significant proportion of the total intracellular drug was present as its acyl-CoA ester (25-35% for ciprofibrate). When isolated hepatocytes were incubated with a ciprofibrate concentration comparable with that observed in the blood of drug-treated rats (0.1 mM), ciprofibroyl-CoA attained an intracellular concentration similar to that previously observed in the liver of treated rats. The formation of ciprofibroyl-CoA by isolated rat hepatocytes was stimulated by the addition of carnitine and partially inhibited by the addition of palmitate. Further, it was shown that human liver homogenates synthesized ciprofibroyl-CoA at a rate similar to that observed for rat liver homogenates. Solubilized human platelets also formed ciprofibroyl-CoA, although at a rate two orders of magnitude lower than that of liver. The results support the view that acyl-CoA esters of hypolipidaemic peroxisome proliferators may be the pharmacologically active species of the drugs.
Translational Initiation Factor Expression and Ribosomal Protein Gene Expression Are Repressed Coordinately but by Different Mechanisms in Murine Lymphosarcoma Cells Treated with Glucocorticoids (1989)

P1798 murine lymphosarcoma cells cease to proliferate upon exposure to 10(-7) M dexamethasone and exhibit a dramatic inhibition of rRNA and ribosomal protein synthesis (O. Meyuhas, E. Thompson, Jr., and R. P. Perry, Mol. Cell Biol. 7:2691-2699, 1987). These workers demonstrated that ribosomal protein synthesis is regulated primarily at the level of translation, since dexamethasone did not alter mRNA levels but shifted the mRNAs from active polysomes into inactive messenger ribonucleoproteins. We have examined the effects of dexamethasone on the biosynthesis of initiation factor proteins in the same cell line. The relative protein synthesis rates of eIF-4A and eIF-2 alpha were inhibited by about 70% by the hormone, a reduction comparable to that for ribosomal proteins. The mRNA levels of eIF-4A, eIF-4D, and eIF-2 alpha also were reduced by 60 to 70%, indicating that synthesis rates are proportional to mRNA concentrations. Analysis of polysome profiles showed that the average number of ribosomes per initiation factor polysome was only slightly reduced by dexamethasone, and little or no mRNA was present in messenger ribonucleoproteins. The results indicate that initiation factor gene expression is coordinately regulated with ribosomal protein synthesis but is controlled primarily by modulating mRNA levels rather than mRNA efficiency.
La<sub>5.5</sub>WO<sub>12-δ</sub> Characterization of Transport Properties under Oxidizing Conditions: A Conductivity Relaxation Study (2011)

The conduction properties of La5.5WO12-δ have been studied by using the electrochemical conductivity relaxation technique. Exchange and diffusion coefficients have been obtained from relaxation experiments including measurements of conductivity transients from (1) oxidation–reduction under dry and wet oxygen and (2) hydration–dehydration for both H2O-saturated and D2O-saturated oxygen at atmospheric pressure. The evolution of the total conductivity as a function of temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and the presence of H2O or D2O has moreover been characterized. The exchange coefficient for oxygen and water incorporation was calculated from the relaxation experiments. It was also possible to determine the coefficients for oxygen vacancy/oxygen ion (in dry and hydrated state) diffusion and for ambipolar diffusion of water. Oxygen vacancy/oxide ion diffusion is apparently not affected by the hydration state within the studied temperature range and water and oxygen partial pressures. The ambipolar water diffusion coefficient was significantly smaller than the one for the oxygen ion.
Exploiting Multi-Antennas for Opportunistic Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks (2008)

In cognitive radio (CR) networks, there are scenarios where the secondary (lower priority) users intend to communicate with each other by opportunistically utilizing the transmit spectrum originally allocated to the existing primary (higher priority) users. For such a scenario, a secondary user usually has to tradeoff between two conflicting goals at the same time: one is to maximize its own transmit throughput; and the other is to minimize the amount of interference it produces at each primary receiver. In this paper, we study this fundamental tradeoff from an information-theoretic perspective by characterizing the secondary user's channel capacity under both its own transmit-power constraint as well as a set of interference-power constraints each imposed at one of the primary receivers. In particular, this paper exploits multi-antennas at the secondary transmitter to effectively balance between spatial multiplexing for the secondary transmission and interference avoidance at the primary receivers. Convex optimization techniques are used to design algorithms for the optimal secondary transmit spatial spectrum that achieves the capacity of the secondary transmission. Suboptimal solutions for ease of implementation are also presented and their performances are compared with the optimal solution. Furthermore, algorithms developed for the single-channel transmission are also extended to the case of multichannel transmission whereby the secondary user is able to achieve opportunistic spectrum sharing via transmit adaptations not only in space, but in time and frequency domains as well. Simulation results show that even under stringent interference-power constraints, substantial capacity gains are achievable for the secondary transmission by employing multi-antennas at the secondary transmitter. This is true even when the number of primary receivers exceeds that of secondary transmit antennas in a CR network, where an interesting "interference diversity" effect can be exploited.
Interference cancellation for improved channel estimation in array processing MLSE receivers (2002)

Array processing techniques provide significant gains in performance for digital cellular communications systems. While array processing has the potential of mitigating severe co-channel interference, performance is limited by the need to estimate the channel of the desired signal. In this paper, practical approaches for improving channel estimation in the presence of interference are proposed. Simulation of these approaches for the IS-136 TDMA cellular system demonstrate that improved channel estimation can provide gains in C/I as high as 8 dB at 1% BER.
A Basic Consideration of Afro-Asian Political Societies (1972)

This paper is a preliminary essay on the theory of Afro-Asian societies from the viewpoint of political sociology. The study of developing nations is important for two reasons. One is practical ; the other is theoretical. What shall Afro-Asian people do to modernize their societies? How might we settle the north-south problem? Can established western theories be used to analyze the various phenomena in Afro-Asian societies? What concepts or framework could we develop for this analyses? One of the basic problems in sociology is interest diversification and integration in society. Starting with this basic premise some concepts and a suitable framework were developed to analyze political societies. In addition the problem of political integration was attacked. It was necessary to analyze the kind of political integration pursued by different people and means in each society. From empirical studies theories of political systems and analyses of the relationships between interest diversification and political integration could be developed. Using the political thoughts and idologies of African political leaders as case studies, the relationships between interest diversification and and integration, specifically political participation and mobilization, was considered.
Propofol and cholestatic pruritus. (1992)

Hepatic cholestatis is frequently associated with pruritus. This pruritus is often intractable and resistant to conventional treatment. We treated three patients with intractable cholestatic pruritus with subhypnotic doses of propofol, a new intravenous anesthetic induction agent. All patients rapidly became itch- and scratch-free for a period of 60-90 min. No sedation occurred; no other side effects were observed.
Treatment of Adjustment Disorders: A Comparative Evaluation (1989)

With the aim of assessing four forms of therapy with adjustment-disordered outpatients, we randomly assigned 70 subjects to the following treatments: supportive psychotherapy (psychoanalytically oriented), viloxazine (an antidepressant), lormetazepam (a benzodiazepine), and S-adenosylmethionine (a methyl donor with antidepressive properties). A further group of 15 subjects received a placebo, orally administered. The trial lasted 4 wk. None of the treatments had clearly superior effects over others on scores on the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale. All produced a significant improvement. However, groups given S-adenosylmethionine and supportive psychotherapy had the highest mean scores.
Carrier frequency offset robustness for OFDM systems with different pulse shaping filters (2002)

A carrier frequency offset (CFO) in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) system will create interchannel, or interbin interference (IBI). IBI gives a system performance degradation with decreased SNR and increased symbol error rate (SER). The amount of CFO which creates a given performance degradation depends on the number of channels, the SNR and the pulse shaping. In this contribution we will compare the common OFDM scheme, which uses M-QAM and square pulses, with an OFDM scheme which uses M-Offset QAM (M-OQAM) and pulses of finite duration with minimized excess band-width power. Both systems use an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Calculations and simulations show that the system with pulse shaping allows significantly higher CFO than the system utilising QAM and square pulses.
Evaluation of Wzz/MPA1/MPA2 proteins based on the presence of coiled-coil regions (2000)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Convergence in problem solving: a prelude to quantitative analysis (1993)

The paper describes a set of procedures that could be successfully used to restructure a mental model of diverse, connected constructs into a compact model suitable for quantitatively examining the key options available to the decision maker. These procedures can be applied in an interactive manner with a single decision maker or group of decision makers. The input to the convergence process is a connective map. A cognitive map is a signed, directed graph that links important concepts in the decision problem on the basis of probabilistic and informational dependence. It is assumed that the nodes in the graph have been labeled as decisions, uncertainties or values. The convergence procedures first structure the value and decision ends of the cognitive map so that each end properly reflects the value structure and a sample of varied and important options open to the decision maker. Sets of uncertain nodes are then identified, as good candidates for aggregation, or deletion. This identification is achieved by graph operations based upon specifically defined graphical structures and selected, qualitative reasoning techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Developmental and hormonal regulation of glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA in the rat. (1989)

The biological action of glucocorticoids is dependent upon tissue-specific levels of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). During stress, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is stimulated, and high levels of glucocorticoids circulate. This axis is modulated by negative feedback by glucocorticoids, which inhibit hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion and downregulate GR gene expression. To study the developmental tissue-specific regulation of the GR, we measured the relative concentration of GR mRNA in fetal, neonatal, adult, and aged rats and examined the effects of dexamethasone on GR gene expression. Three different tissue-specific developmental patterns of GR mRNA accumulation were found. In addition, there was an age-dependent tissue-specific pattern in the feedback regulation of GR mRNA by glucocorticoids. In the fetus and neonate, GR mRNA abundance was not regulated by circulating glucocorticoids. The adult pattern of glucocorticoid feedback inhibition of GR mRNA expression appeared between 2 and 7 d of life in liver, and after 7 but before 14 d of age in brain. The GR was biologically active in the 2-d-old neonate, however, since dexamethasone enhanced gene expression of angiotensinogen, which is another glucocorticoid responsive gene. These data demonstrate that the GR gene is regulated by both developmental and tissue-specific factors, and provide another molecular basis for ontogenic variations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to stress.
Rapid formation of an anion-sensitive active site in stoichiometric complexes of streptokinase and human [Glu1]plasminogen. (1986)

We have examined the time-dependent appearance of amidolytic activity in equimolar complexes of streptokinase (SK) and human [Glu1]plasminogen (HPg) under various conditions. When stoichiometric levels of the two proteins are incubated and assayed in hypotonic buffers at 4 degrees C, amidolytic activity toward the chromogenic substrate D-Val-Leu-Lys-p-nitroanilide (S-2251), within the resulting complex, appears with an observed first-order rate constant of 1.03 +/- 0.06/min. On the other hand, when the assay for amidolytic activity is conducted at a C1- concentration of 0.15 M, this same activity develops with an observed first-order rate constant of 0.13 +/- 0.01/min. Under all conditions of assay of importance to the mechanism proposed, the only molecular components present are SK and HPg. The rate of appearance of an enzyme species displaying amidolytic activity is dependent on the anion in its assay; a much slower rate constant is obtained with C1- than with AcO-. These observations are consistent with the formation, within the complex, of an early anion-sensitive active site (SK-HPg) that is converted to a form (SK-HPg') that is much less sensitive to the presence of anions. During the time period of this process, no conversion of plasminogen to plasmin occurs within the complex. Steadystate kinetic properties of SK-HPg and SK-HPg' have been measured toward the substrate S-2251. Consistent with the mechanism suggested above, the amidolytic activity of SK-HPg is inhibited by C1- to a much greater extent than is that of SK-HPg'.
Extracellular nanovesicles for packaging of CRISPR-Cas9 protein and sgRNA to induce therapeutic exon skipping (2020)

Prolonged expression of the CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease and gRNA from viral vectors may cause off-target mutagenesis and immunogenicity. Thus, a transient delivery system is needed for therapeutic genome editing applications. Here, we develop an extracellular nanovesicle-based ribonucleoprotein delivery system named NanoMEDIC by utilizing two distinct homing mechanisms. Chemical induced dimerization recruits Cas9 protein into extracellular nanovesicles, and then a viral RNA packaging signal and two self-cleaving riboswitches tether and release sgRNA into nanovesicles. We demonstrate efficient genome editing in various hard-to-transfect cell types, including human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, neurons, and myoblasts. NanoMEDIC also achieves over 90% exon skipping efficiencies in skeletal muscle cells derived from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patient iPS cells. Finally, single intramuscular injection of NanoMEDIC induces permanent genomic exon skipping in a luciferase reporter mouse and in mdx mice, indicating its utility for in vivo genome editing therapy of DMD and beyond.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBONYL METHYLENATION USING A TITANIUM‐ALUMINUM (TEBBE) COMPLEX (1985)

Abstract Der Tebbe‐Komplex (I) reagiert in Gegenwart von Lewisbasen wie Tetrahydrofuran in Form des Methylenierungsmittels (II) mit zahlreichen Estern und Lactonen zu den (cyclischen) Enolethern.
Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables increase aggrecan synthesis and reduce catabolic and proinflammatory mediator production by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. (2003)

A1S2 stimulated aggrecan production and restored aggrecan production after IL-1beta treatment. In parallel, A1S2 decreased MMP-3 production and stimulated TIMP-1 production. These results suggest A1S2 could have structure-modifying effects in OA by inhibiting cartilage degradation and promoting cartilage repair.
GENETIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF <i>met15</i> MUTANTS OF <i>SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE:</i> A SELECTIVE SYSTEM FOR FORWARD AND REVERSE MUTATIONS (1975)

One hundred and thirty-three spontaneous and induced mutants of the met15 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were characterized with respect to temperature sensitivity, osmotic remediability, interallelic complementation, and suppressibility by amber and ochre suppressors. Forty mutants are osmotic remedial; 17 of these, and no others, are also temperature-sensitive. Seven of 133 mutations are suppressible by an amber suppressor and 11 are suppressible by an ochre suppressor. Seventy percent of the mutants exhibited interallelic complementation, suggesting that the functional gene product of the met15 gene is a multimeric protein. Relative map positions of 30 met15 were estimated from the frequencies of X-ray-induced mitotic reversion of various heteroallelic diploids. All complementing nonsense mutations are located near one end of the gene in contrast to other nonsense mutations which span most of the gene, thus relating the direction of translation of the mRNA with respect to the fine-structure map. Recombination studies indicated that two of 30 mutants contained deletions of the entire met15 locus. -- It was established that a variety of mutational types, including missense, nonsense, and deletions, are recovered with this unique system in which both forward and reverse mutations can be selected on the basis of methyl mercury resistance and methionine requirement of the met15 mutants.
Similar Molecular Interactions of Factor VII and Factor VIIa with the Tissue Factor Region that Allosterically Regulates Enzyme Activity (2004)

Tissue factor (TF) binds the zymogen (VII) and activated (VIIa) forms of coagulation factor VII with high affinity. The structure determined for the sTF−VIIa complex [Banner, D. W., et al. (1996) Nature 380, 41−46] shows that all four domains of VIIa (Gla, EGF-1, EGF-2, and protease) are in contact with TF. Although a structure is not available for the TF−VII complex, the structure determined for free VII [Eigenbrot, C., et al. (2001) Structure 9, 675−682] suggests a significant conformational change for the zymogen to enzyme transition. In particular, the region of the protease domain that must contact TF has a conformation that is altered from that of VIIa, suggesting that the VII protease domain interacts with TF in a manner different from that of VIIa. To test this hypothesis, a panel of 12 single-site sTF mutants, having substitutions of residues observed to contact the proteolytic domain of VIIa, have been evaluated for binding to both zymogen VII and VIIa. Affinities were determined by surface plasmon resonance measurements using a noninterfering anti-TF monoclonal antibody to capture TF on the sensor chip surface. Dissociation constants (KD) measured for binding to wild-type sTF are 7.5 ± 2.4 nM for VII and 5.1 ± 2.3 nM for VIIa. All of the sTF mutants except S39A and E95A exhibited a significant decrease (>2-fold) in affinity for VIIa. The changes in affinity measured for VII or VIIa binding with substitution in sTF were comparable in magnitude. We conclude that the proteolytic domain of both VII and VIIa interacts with this region of sTF in a nearly identical fashion. Therefore, zymogen VII can readily adopt a VIIa-like conformation required for binding to TF.