gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of stored‐wheat beetle species and estimation of population density using unbaited probe traps and grain trier samples (2001)

Abstract Field studies were conducted in order to compare the effectiveness of unbaited probe traps and grain trier samples in the detection of several beetle species. On June 15, 1997, fourteen probe traps were placed in three steel bins containing wheat in Central Greece. Two of them were inserted in the central zone of the bulk, five in the half of the bin radius (median zone) and seven near the bin wall (distal zone). From June 30 up to and including January 1998, the traps were checked for adult beetles every fifteen days (15 sampling dates in total). On each date, samples were also taken from spots adjacent to trap locations, using a grain trier. The mean temperatures recorded near the bulk surface decreased by an average of 1.16 °C per sampling date. Twenty‐four species, belonging to 14 families of Coleoptera were found. The most abundant species in the traps were Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Tribolium castaneum , while Sitophilus oryzae was the most abundant in the samples. Significantly greater numbers of adults were found in traps than in samples, during the whole sampling period; traps also detected adults in most locations while in the corresponding samples no adults were found. Significantly higher numbers of adults were found in the central sampling zone, using both devices. Taylor's power law parameters showed that in both sampling methods the most abundant species showed aggregated spatial patterns. Although the correlation coefficient values between trap catches and number of adults per trier sample differ significantly from zero ( P < 0.01 ) in a high number of sampling dates, it can be concluded that traps are poor indicators of population density. The accuracy provided as a percentage of the mean, decreases exponentially with the increase of the mean value. Based on traps, the desired accuracy level (35%) is not achievable even in higher mean values or even with high numbers of traps. On the contrary, with trier samples it is possible to estimate population density with a relatively low number of sampling units. Significant differences in the required number of sampling units (sample size) were noted among species.
Adaptive wavelet rendering (2009)

Effects such as depth of field, area lighting, antialiasing and global illumination require evaluating a complex high-dimensional integral at each pixel of an image. We develop a new adaptive rendering algorithm that greatly reduces the number of samples needed for Monte Carlo integration. Our method renders directly into an image-space wavelet basis. First, we adaptively distribute Monte Carlo samples to reduce the variance of the wavelet basis' scale coefficients, while using the wavelet coefficients to find edges. Working in wavelets, rather than pixels, allows us to sample not only image-space edges but also other features that are smooth in the image plane but have high variance in other integral dimensions. In the second stage, we reconstruct the image from these samples by using a suitable wavelet approximation. We achieve this by subtracting an estimate of the error in each wavelet coefficient from its magnitude, effectively producing the smoothest image consistent with the rendering samples. Our algorithm renders scenes with significantly fewer samples than basic Monte Carlo or adaptive techniques. Moreover, the method introduces minimal overhead, and can be efficiently included in an optimized ray-tracing system.
Substrate Specificity of Recombinant Osteoclast-Specific Cathepsin K from Rabbits. (1996)

A cDNA clone encoding the rabbit cysteine proteinase cathepsin K, which is predominantly expressed in osteoclasts and is closely related to cathepsins L (EC 3.4.22.15) and S (EC 3.4.22.27) [Tezuka K., Tezuka Y., Maejima A., Sato T., Nemoto K., Kamioka H., Hakeda Y., Kumegawa M., J. Biol. Chem., 269, 1106 (1994)], was expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli in a T7 expression system. The insoluble recombinant enzyme was solubilized in urea and refolded at an alkaline pH. Cathepsin K (37-kDa) was purified by gel filtration and its enzymatic characteristics were determined. The enzymatic activity of cathepsin K was strongly inhibited by cysteine proteinase inhibitors and its optimal pH was pH 5.5. Synthetic substrate benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-7-(4-methyl)coumaryl-amide, which is hydrolyzed by cathepsins L and S, was also cleaved by cathepsin K. On the other hand, benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Pro-Arg-7-(4-methyl)coumaryl-amide was the most suitable substrate for cathepsin K, but was hardly hydrolyzed by cathepsin L. The substrate specificity of cathepsin K, as determined using various chemogenic substrates, showed different characteristics from cathepsins L and S.
Inkjet-printed silver tracks: low temperature curing and thermal stability investigation (2008)

In this contribution the curing behavior and conductivity development of several commercially available silver inks is discussed. In addition, the preparation and characterization of a silver particle ink that shows a curing temperature as low as 80 °C is described. Good to excellent conductivity values of 5 to 56% of bulk silver have been reached by using a very small amount of organic additives without any strong adsorbing groups such as amines, amides or mercapto groups. This low curing temperature opens new routes to produce conductive features on polymeric foils that have a low Tg, like PET. Furthermore, the temperature stability of silver tracks, prepared by inkjet printing different colloidal silver suspensions, was investigated. Hereto, the resistance was on-line measured during heating of the silver tracks, from room temperature to 650 °C.
4 Gb/s ECL gate masterslice (1989)

The authors present a novel semicustom IC called the gate masterslice, which enables a clear eye pattern to be obtained for high-bit-rate signals. Key design features of the gate masterslice are: an advanced Si bipolar process, chip structure that reduces signal interference rather than increasing gate density, and internal connection using only the second metal layer
X-ray photoemission studies of diamond, graphite, and glassy carbon valence bands (1974)

The high-resolution x-ray photoemission spectra (XPS) of the total valence bands of atomically clean diamond, graphite, and glassy carbon, obtained with monochromatized Al $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ radiation, are reported and discussed. By comparing valence-band and carbon-$1s$ photoelectron kinetic energies, the XPS valence-band spectra ${I}^{\ensuremath{'}}(E)$ of diamond and graphite were rigorously affixed to the same energy scale as earlier $K$ x-ray emission spectra $\mathcal{I}(E)$. The two spectra---${I}^{\ensuremath{'}}(E)$ and $\mathcal{I}(E)$---have very different energy dependences of intensity because selection rules and cross-section ratios render $\mathcal{I}(E)$ sensitive only to $2p$ character and ${I}^{\ensuremath{'}}(E)$ far more sensitive to $2s$ character. Taken together, ${I}^{\ensuremath{'}}(E)$ and $\mathcal{I}(E)$ show that the fractional $p$ character in the diamond valence band increases from \ensuremath{\sim} 16% at the bottom of the band to \ensuremath{\sim} 92% at the top, with an average hybridization of $\ensuremath{\sim}{s}^{1.2}{p}^{2.8}$. The spectra agree well with the density of states of Painter et al., but indicate a valence-band width of 24.2(10) eV rather than their 20.8 eV. The $\mathrm{C}(1s)$ binding energy of 284.68(20) eV in graphite agrees well with a recent theoretical estimate of 284.4(3) eV by Davis and Shirley. Analysis of ${I}^{\ensuremath{'}}(E)$ and $\mathcal{I}(E)$ for graphite resolves the valence bands cleanly into $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}$ bands, with the spectrum ${I}^{\ensuremath{'}}(E)$ of the former resembling that of diamond, but with a stronger $2s$ admixture ($s{p}^{2}$ vs $s{p}^{3}$). The XPS cross section of the $({p}_{z})\ensuremath{\pi}$ bands was very low, as expected by symmetry. The bandwidth of 24(1) eV somewhat exceeded Painter and Ellis's calculated value of 19.3 eV. Glassy carbon showed an ${I}^{\ensuremath{'}}(E)$ between that of diamond and graphite, consistent with an amorphous lattice containing both trigonal and tetrahedral bonds.
Visual query tools for uncertain spatio-temporal data (2001)

Some multimedia archives contain data which have vague locations in time and space. By this we mean that, although there is some idea of when and where the entity is located, the precise information is unknown. In this paper, we present a novel approach to displaying and querying such uncertain data. We use the concepts of dynamic queries, add to this a 2D query tool for performing spatial queries and enable Boolean combinations of queries. We have implemented these ideas in a pilot system for querying African artwork. In this way, we show how it is possible for novice users to easily query large multimedia archives with complex uncertain attributes.
Study on the Operational Status of the In-Depth and Supplementary Class of the 7th National Science Curriculum (2004)

The purpose of this study was to find out the operational status for the in-depth and supplementary class of middle school described in the 7th national science curriculum. To do this 455 students of 8th grade and 71 science teachers are administered questionaries which were developed to ask about whether or not execute the in-depth and supplementary class, the frequency of the execution, the way of forming groups and the contents of teaching etc.. The operation of the in-depth and supplementary class at middle school were prevented by following factors such as too many class time of teachers, overpopulation in class, insufficiency teaching materials and so on. Therefore, to solve these problems, various approaches should be adapted such as effective teaching method, teacher training program, specialized classroom, independent teaching on the part of teacher and so on.
Casein Plastics (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCasein PlasticsGeorge H. BrotherCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1940, 32, 1, 31–33Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50361a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50361a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views479Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Electron excitations in solid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Energy gap, band dispersions, and effects of orientational disorder (1993)

Electron excitation energies and photoemission spectra in undoped, solid ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ are calculated using a quasiparticle approach. The effects of orientational disorder and electron correlations are studied. We find a band gap of 2.15 eV, in good agreement with experiment, and \ensuremath{\sim}1 eV widths for the highest-occupied-molecular-orbital (HOMO) and lowest-unoccupied-molecular-orbital (LUMO) bands. Calculated angle-resolved, inverse photoemission spectra for the LUMO bands show very little angular dependence, explaining recent experimental work on epitaxial thin films. The present results suggest that undoped, solid ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ is a standard band insulator.
Laser Targeting With C-Arm Fluoroscopy (2012)

LT helped with imaging knees and ankles with statistically significant reductions in fluoroscopy time and a statistically significant improvement of image quality defined as obtaining a centered PA image faster. The dosimetry badges detected minimal exposure at 3 ft and no detectable exposure at 6 ft at both levels.
T-cell depletion in GVHD: less is more? (2011)

A critical hurdle in the successful clinical application of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Socie and colleagues report that in a randomized trial of unrelated donor HSCT, adding a polyclonal anti–T lymphocyte globulin (ATG-Fresenius) to conventional GVHD prophylaxis before stem cell infusion after myeloablative conditioning results in a reduction of both acute and chronic GVHD without compromising antileukemia activity. 1
Monolithic implementation of AlN-on-silicon bandpass filters with a high-Q notch within the passband (2012)

In this paper, we present acoustically coupled filters capable of inducing a high-Q notch within the filter passband. The origin of the notch is a result of charge cancellation across the output electrodes, which is a direct consequence of exciting higher order lateral modes with a displacement profile out-of-phase with the primary modes of the filter. We show multiple filters with a passband notch and demonstrate the viability of using top electrode layout to adjust the placement of the notch within the filter passband. A modified equivalent circuit is used to intuitively explain the response of a bandpass filter with an integrated notch. Such filters can have applications as pre-select bandpass filters capable of rejecting in-band interfering signals.
Innovative flexible lightweight thin-film power generation and storage for space applications (2002)

ITN Energy Systems and Global Solar Energy (GSE), LLC, are developing innovative power solutions for future spacecraft. Our flexible copper-indium-gallium-selenium (CIGS) photovoltaic material shows significant promise towards volume and weight reduction, using innovative stowage and deployment technologies, and has tremendous promise for cost reduction when teamed with monolithic integration to reduce touch labor. Rollout or foldout array designs using flexible CIGS lend themselves to very small stowage volume, which are directly applicable to the trend towards microsatellite technologies. Specific power of the CIGS PV blanket can be over 1000 W/kg and with array specific power (including structure) 100-200 W/kg. Further development with multi-junction CIGS devices can provide array specific power of 200-300 W/kg. Other developments at ITN and GSE include an extremely long-lived solid-state flexible thin-film battery with less sensitivity to temperature that could be integrated with the solar array for localized power generation and storage. These batteries have demonstrated over 40000 charge cycles to 100% depth of discharge, and have a virtually flat discharge behavior that holds great attraction to system designers. Utilizing this concept, we have been developing a flexible integrated power pack (FIPP) approach that combines power generation, management and storage onto a single component for space applications. In this paper, we describe concepts utilizing flexible power generation, management, and storage for future space missions, and the state of development of these flexible technologies.
The semantics of reflected proof (2002)

The authors lay the foundations for reasoning about proofs whose steps include both invocations of programs to build subproofs (tactics) and references to representations of proofs themselves (reflected proofs). The main result is the definition of a single type of proof which can mention itself, using a novel technique which finds a fixed point of a mapping between metalanguage and object language. This single type contrasts with hierarchies of types used in other approaches to accomplish the same classification. It is shown that these proofs are valid, and that every proof can be reduced to a proof involving only primitive inference rules. The extension of the results to proofs from which programs (such as tactics) can be derive and to proofs that can refer to a library of definitions and previously proven theorems is shown. It is believed that the mechanism of reflection is fundamental in building proof development systems, and its power is illustrated with applications to automating reasoning and describing modes of computation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automating Intrusion Response via Virtualization for Realizing Uninterruptible Web Services (2009)

We present a virtualization-based Web server system, a prototype, and experimental results for providing uninterrupted Web services in the presence of intrusion attacks and software faults. The proposed system utilizes replicated virtual servers managed by a closed-loop feedback controller. Using anomaly and intrusion sensor outputs, the controller calculates cost-weighted actions against threats to ensure Web service continuity. We will show that the system can handle broad classes of attacks. Experiment results show that our prototype retains 60% of its peak throughput under 8 DoS attacks per second over extended periods.
Emerging ultra-narrow-band cyan-emitting phosphor for white LEDs with enhanced color rendition (2019)

Phosphor-converted white LEDs rely on combining a blue-emitting InGaN chip with yellow and red-emitting luminescent materials. The discovery of cyan-emitting (470-500 nm) phosphors is a challenge to compensate for the spectral gap and produce full-spectrum white light. Na<sub>0.5</sub>K<sub>0.5</sub>Li<sub>3</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> (NKLSO:Eu<sup>2+</sup>) phosphor was developed with impressive properties, providing cyan emission at 486 nm with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 20.7 nm, and good thermal stability with an integrated emission loss of only 7% at 150 °C. The ultra-narrow-band cyan emission results from the high-symmetry cation sites, leading to almost ideal cubic coordination for UCr<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>-type compounds. NKLSO:Eu<sup>2+</sup> phosphor allows the valley between the blue and yellow emission peaks in the white LED device to be filled, and the color-rendering index can be enhanced from 86 to 95.2, suggesting great applications in full-spectrum white LEDs.
A practical discrete multitone transceiver loading algorithm for data transmission over spectrally shaped channels (1995)

In this paper, we present a finite-granularity, loading algorithm for a discrete multitone (DMT) modulation system. The proposed algorithm offers significant implementational advantages over the well-known water-pouring method and the earlier Hughes-Hartogs algorithm, while typically suffering only negligible performance degradation relative to the optimal solution. We also present simulation results of this loading algorithm applied to the newly proposed asymmetric digital subscriber lines (ADSL) service.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
White polymer light-emitting diodes with bilayer structure (2005)

White polymer light-emitting diodes (WPLEDs) with bilayer structure were fabricated by spin coating method. The device structure used here is ITO/PEDOT:PSS/blend1/blend2/Ba/Al, where blend1 consists of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and copolymer of 9,9-diotylfluorene and 4,7-di(3-hexyl-thien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (PFO-DHTBT), and blend2 is the blend of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-terminated poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO-poss) and phenyl-substituted PPV derivative (P-PPV). The copolymer PFO-DHTBT emits red light. The blend2 gives off both green and blue emission bands in electroluminescence (EL) spectrum. the relative intensity of the bands depends on the blend ratios. The EL spectrum of the device can be controlled by respectively adjusting the weight ratios in the blend1 and blend2, thickness as well. At the weight ratios of 100:3 (PVK:PFO-DHTBT) in blend1 and 100:1 (PFO-poss: P-PPV) in blend2, and with keeping the thickness of the two blend films to be 40nm, the white fluorescent light emission with Commission International De L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.33, 0.32) is achieved in a large voltage range, the maximal quantum and luminance efficiencies of 3% (ph/eh) and 4.4cd/A are obtained at 6.1V, and the maximal luminance is 6300cd/m<sup>2</sup> at 10V.
DESTABILIZATION OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSION WITH INORGANIC ELECTROLYTES IN THE ABSENCE AND IN THE PRESENCE OF SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE (1987)

ABSTRACT The coagulation concentrations of Na+, Ba2+, and La3+ in the absence of SDS were analyzed in terms of the DLVO theory. The Hamaker constant obtained was larger by one order of magnitude than that available in the literature on the basis of the Lifshitz theory. An explanation of this discrepancy was given by taking into account the hydrophobic interaction between oil droplets in aqueous media. Coagulation of decane particles with Na in the presence of SDS (1 × 10−3M) was interpreted qualitatively in terms of the DLVO theory in which the adsorbed layer effect was taken into account. The critical adsorption density of SDS at which no coalescence of aml1sion takes place was found to be 3.3 × 10−10mol cm−2. Electrokinetic adsorption densities of SDS were found to be smaller than those obtained from the interfacial tension vs. concentration data.
Global pesticide resistance in arthropods (2008)

<title>Abstract</title> This book contains 6 chapters focusing on the following topics: analysis of global pesticide resistance in arthropods; documentation of pesticide resistance in arthropods; the biochemical and molecular genetic basis of resistance to pesticides in arthropods; assessing the risk of the evolution of resistance to pesticides using spatially complex simulation models; pesticide and transgenic plant resistance management in the field; and the politics of resistance management.
Subcellular Raman Microspectroscopy Imaging of Nucleic Acids and Tryptophan for Distinction of Normal Human Skin Cells and Tumorigenic Keratinocytes (2015)

At present, tumor diagnostic imaging is commonly based on hematoxylin and eosin or immunohistochemical staining of biopsies, which requires tissue excision, fixation, and staining with exogenous marker molecules. Here, we report on label-free tumor imaging using confocal spontaneous Raman scattering microspectroscopy, which exploits the intrinsic vibrational contrast of endogenous biomolecular species. We present a chemically specific and quantitative approach to monitoring normal human skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts) as well as the human HaCaT in vitro skin carcinogenesis model and the tumor-derived MET in vivo skin cancer progression model. Mapping the amplitudes of two spectrally well isolated Raman bands at 752 and 785 cm(-1) allowed for direct visualization of the distributions representative of tryptophan-rich proteins and nucleic acids, respectively, with subcellular spatial resolution. Using these Raman markers, it was feasible to discriminate between normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and to confine all tumorigenic cells from both the NHEK and NHDF. First evidence for the successful application of the proposed intracellular nucleic acid and tryptophan Raman signatures for skin cancer diagnosis was further demonstrated in an organotypic cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas model, allowing for the identification of tumor cells and their surrounding stroma in the tissue context.