gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-dopaminergic drug treatment of Parkinson’s disease (2001)

Several lines of evidence suggest that substitution of the dopaminergic striatal deficit only represents one important aspect of the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) because neurotransmitter systems other than the dopaminergic one also degenerate and aggravate parkinsonian motor, vegetative and cognitive symptoms. Thus, regulation and balance of altered non-dopaminergic neurotransmission could provide an additional benefit for parkinsonian patients (PP). Moreover, onset of motor complications, psychosis and loss of drug efficacy increasingly reduce parkinsonian quality of life in the course of long-term dopamine substitution. Indirect stimulation of the dopaminergic neurotransmission via non-dopaminergic systems is an upcoming interesting strategy to solve these problems. Treatment of L-dopa-associated dyskinesias represents a further important future task of non-dopaminergic drug therapy. NMDA antagonists are a promising therapeutic option but further trials are necessary to elucidate their efficacy. A further peripheral effect of L-dopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (DDI) application is increased homocysteine synthesis with its putative hypothetical additional central impact on neurodegeneration and progression of PD. Long-term monitoring with subsequent therapeutic decrease of homocysteine levels with folic acid could result in substantial clinical benefits at reasonable costs for PP. Also, it could hypothetically influence altered dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurotransmission beside its impact on occurrence of vascular disease and altered striatal microvascularisation in PD. The interesting field of non-dopaminergic drug therapy is emerging and will hopefully lead to a better understanding of PD and subsequently improve drug therapy of parkinsonian symptoms, which do not respond to dopaminergic substitution or are long-term complications of dopamine substitution.
Dietary treatment of the metabolic syndrome — the optimal diet (2000)

The treatment of the metabolic syndrome aims to improve insulin sensitivity and correct/prevent the associated metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities. Since many individuals with the metabolic syndrome are overweight, dietary treatment should be primarily focused on weight reduction. This approach can improve insulin sensitivity and exert beneficial effects on all the other abnormalities clustering in the syndrome. Insulin sensitivity can also be influenced by diet composition. In this respect, the specific effects of the quality of dietary fat are of great interest, given the considerable evidence in experimental animals that saturated fat in the diet may lead to insulin resistance. In man, there is indirect evidence that a higher saturated fat intake is associated with impaired insulin action. Human studies have also attempted to evaluate the relationship between total fat intake and insulin sensitivity. They are consistent in showing that fat intake is correlated with both plasma insulin values (positively) and insulin sensitivity (negatively). However, these correlations are largely mediated by body weight. Conversely, intervention studies are consistent in showing that when total fat intake is moderately increased (from 20 to 40%), no major effect is observed on insulin sensitivity. We have recently undertaken a large, multicentre intervention study in 162 healthy individuals given either a high-saturated-fat or a high-monounsaturated-fat diet for 3 months. It shows that a high-monounsaturated-fat diet significantly improves insulin sensitivity compared to a high-saturated-fat diet. However, this beneficial effect of monounsaturated fat disappears when total fat intake exceeds 38% of total energy. Independently of its effects on insulin sensitivity, diet composition can influence the factors clustering in the metabolic syndrome. Dietary carbohydrate increases blood glucose levels, particularly in the postprandial period, and consequently also insulin levels and plasma triglycerides. The detrimental effects of a high-carbohydrate diet on plasma glucose/insulin, triglyceride/HDL or fibrinolysis occur only when carbohydrate foods with a high glycaemic index are consumed, while they are abolished if the diet is based largely on fibre-rich, low-glycaemic-index foods. In conclusion, weight reduction is a powerful measure for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the diet for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome should be limited in the intake of saturated fat, while high fibre/low-glycaemic-index foods should be used without specific limitations. Moderate amounts of monounsaturated fat could be permitted as they do not induce detrimental metabolic effects.
New Spatially Explicit Method for Detecting Extracellular Protease Activity in Biofilms (2001)

A novel method of detecting extracellular protease activity at biofilm-substratum interfaces was developed. This method utilizes fluorescent molecules bound to cellulose substrata with a lectin. Extracellular proteases degrade the lectin and release the fluorochrome into solution. This new technique and a standard dissolved-substrate assay detected similar responses of biofilm extracellular protease activity to experimental manipulation of N supply. Combination of this technique with confocal scanning laser microscopy allowed direct visualization of microspatial patterns of bacterial distribution and extracellular protease activity at the biofilm-substratum interface.
History-Driven Fix for Code Quality Issues (2019)

To ensure the internal code quality of contributions in open source software (OSS) communities, static analysis tools (e.g. Code Climate and SonarQube) have been integrated into the modern pull-based workflow for detecting code quality issues (CQIs). Automated CQI fixing is conducive to improve the efficiency of converging massive contributions. In this paper, we propose a history-driven approach to automatically fix CQIs utilizing the fixing knowledge mined from the change history in the code repositories. We collected 5,047,678 CQI isstances, 31,013 fixes of the CQIs that were detected by SonarQube from 206 GitHub projects and mined 68 common Fix Patterns for 56 CQI types. Evaluated by fixing the unfix CQI Instances, we find that the average correctness of our approach is 80% in top 1 fix patch and 69.17% of Top 5. We further conducted a live study by sending CQI's fix patches to GitHub projects. The results show that developers approved or merged 11 of 17 patches.
Particle Size and Zeta Potential of ZnO (2014)

The influence of dispersant, pH and various additives on stability of ZnO suspension have been studied. Water and ethylene glycol were used as dispersants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) have been adsorbed on ZnO particles. Equilibrium in the system is mostly influenced by pH. The lowest stability of suspensions of ZnO was found around isoelectric point which was confirmed by simultaneous measurement of particle size and zeta potential. The values of the zeta potential were also affected by the presence of surfactants, especially SDS and CTAB.
[Pantethine, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Clinical study of 1045 patients]. (1989)

After a review of the clinical studies on the treatment of diabetic patients with pantethine, the authors discuss the results obtained in a postmarketing surveillance (PMS) study on 1045 hyperlipidemic patients receiving pantethine (900 mg/day on average). Of these patients, 57 were insulin-dependent (Type I) and 241 were non insulin-dependent (Type II) diabetics. Beyond the epidemiological considerations made possible by a PMS study, the authors show that pantethine brought about a statistically significant and comparable improvement of lipid metabolism in the three groups of patients, with very good tolerability. Pantethine should therefore be considered for the treatment of lipid abnormalities also in patients at risk such as those with diabetes mellitus.
Scaling SVM and Least Absolute Deviations via Exact Data Reduction (2013)

The support vector machine (SVM) is a widely used method for classification. Although many efforts have been devoted to develop efficient solvers, it remains challenging to apply SVM to large-scale problems. A nice property of SVM is that the non-support vectors have no effect on the resulting classifier. Motivated by this observation, we present fast and efficient screening rules to discard non-support vectors by analyzing the dual problem of SVM via variational inequalities (DVI). As a result, the number of data instances to be entered into the optimization can be substantially reduced. Some appealing features of our screening method are: (1) DVI is safe in the sense that the vectors discarded by DVI are guaranteed to be non-support vectors; (2) the data set needs to be scanned only once to run the screening, whose computational cost is negligible compared to that of solving the SVM problem; (3) DVI is independent of the solvers and can be integrated with any existing efficient solvers. We also show that the DVI technique can be extended to detect non-support vectors in the least absolute deviations regression (LAD). To the best of our knowledge, there are currently no screening methods for LAD. We have evaluated DVI on both synthetic and real data sets. Experiments indicate that DVI significantly outperforms the existing state-of-the-art screening rules for SVM, and is very effective in discarding non-support vectors for LAD. The speedup gained by DVI rules can be up to two orders of magnitude.
Layilin, A Novel Talin-binding Transmembrane Protein Homologous with C-type Lectins, is Localized in Membrane Ruffles (1998)

Changes in cell morphology and motility are mediated by the actin cytoskeleton. Recent advances in our understanding of the regulators of microfilament structure and dynamics have shed light on how these changes are controlled, and efforts continue to define all the structural and signaling components involved in these processes. The actin cytoskeleton-associated protein talin binds to integrins, vinculin, and actin. We report a new binding partner for talin that we have named layilin, which contains homology with C-type lectins, is present in numerous cell lines and tissue extracts, and is expressed on the cell surface. Layilin colocalizes with talin in membrane ruffles, and is recruited to membrane ruffles in cells induced to migrate in in vitro wounding experiments and in peripheral ruffles in spreading cells. A ten-amino acid motif in the layilin cytoplasmic domain is sufficient for talin binding. We have identified a short region within talin's amino-terminal 435 amino acids capable of binding to layilin in vitro. This region overlaps a binding site for focal adhesion kinase.
Identification of (1S)-phosphoryloxy-(2R,4S)-dihydroxycyclohexane as a potent inhibitor of inositol monophosphatase (1990)

The 3,5,6-trisdeoxy derivative of myo-Inositol 1-monophosphate, (1S)-phosphoryloxy-(2R,4S)-dihydroxycyclohexane [(–)-(1)], derived from the parent substrate by a strategy of hydroxy deletion, has been synthesised and shown to be the most potent inhibitor of Inositol monophosphatase yet identified.
Emerging Encapsulation Technologies for Long-Term Reliability of Microfabricated Implantable Devices (2019)

The development of reliable long-term encapsulation technologies for implantable biomedical devices is of paramount importance for the safe and stable operation of implants in the body over a period of several decades. Conventional technologies based on titanium or ceramic packaging, however, are not suitable for encapsulating microfabricated devices due to their limited scalability, incompatibility with microfabrication processes, and difficulties with miniaturization. A variety of emerging materials have been proposed for encapsulation of microfabricated implants, including thin-film inorganic coatings of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, HfO<sub>2</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>, SiC, and diamond, as well as organic polymers of polyimide, parylene, liquid crystal polymer, silicone elastomer, SU-8, and cyclic olefin copolymer. While none of these materials have yet been proven to be as hermetic as conventional metal packages nor widely used in regulatory approved devices for chronic implantation, a number of studies have demonstrated promising outcomes on their long-term encapsulation performance through a multitude of fabrication and testing methodologies. The present review article aims to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the long-term encapsulation performance of these emerging materials with a specific focus on publications that have quantitatively estimated the lifetime of encapsulation technologies in aqueous environments.
Preserving Data Privacy in the Internet of Medical Things Using Dual Signature ECDSA (2020)

The disclosure of personal and private information is one of the main challenges of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Most IoMT-based services, applications, and platforms follow a common architecture where wearables or other medical devices capture data that are forwarded to the cloud. In this scenario, edge computing brings new opportunities to enhance the operation of IoMT. However, despite the benefits, the inherent characteristics of edge computing require countermeasures to address the security and privacy issues that IoMT gives rise to. The restrictions of IoT devices in terms of battery, memory, hardware resources, or computing capabilities have led to a common agreement for the use of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) with hardware or software implementations. As an example, the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) is widely used by IoT devices to compute digital signatures. On the other hand, it is well known that dual signature has been an effective method to provide consumer privacy in classic e-commerce services. This article joins both approaches. It presents a novel solution to enhanced security and the preservation of data privacy in communications between IoMT devices and the cloud via edge computing devices. While data source anonymity is achieved from the cloud perspective, integrity and origin authentication of the collected data is also provided. In addition, computational requirements and complexity are kept to a minimum.
Pore Sealing by NH[sub 3] Plasma Treatment of Porous Low Dielectric Constant Films (2007)

10.1149/1.2435625
Water vapor δ <sup>2</sup> H and δ <sup>18</sup> O measurements using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (2010)

Abstract. We present a detailed assessment of a commercially available water vapor isotope analyzer (WVIA, Los Gatos Research, Inc.) for simultaneous in-situ measurements of δ2H and δ18O in water vapor. This method, based on off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy, is an alternative to the conventional water trap/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) techniques. We evaluate the analyzer in terms of precision, memory effects, concentration dependence, temperature sensitivity and long-term stability. A calibration system based on a droplet generator is used to characterize the performance and to calibrate the analyzer. Our results show that the precision at an averaging time of 15 s is 0.16‰ for δ2H and 0.08‰ for δ18O. The isotope ratios are strongly dependent on the water mixing ratio of the air. Taking into account this concentration dependence as well as the temperature sensitivity of the instrument we obtained a long-term stability of the water isotope measurements of 0.38‰ for δ2H and 0.25‰ for δ18O. The accuracy of the WVIA was further assessed by comparative measurements using IRMS and a dew point generator indicating a linear response in isotopic composition and H2O concentrations. The WVIA combined with a calibration system provides accurate high resolution water vapor isotope measurements and opens new possibilities for hydrological and ecological applications.
24-Hour IOP Telemetry in the Nonhuman Primate: Implant System Performance and Initial Characterization of IOP at Multiple Timescales (2011)

The measured IOP was successfully measured continuously by using a new, fully implantable IOP telemetry system. IOP fluctuates as much as 10 mm Hg from day to day and hour to hour in unrestrained nonhuman primates, which indicates that snapshot IOP measurements may be inadequate to capture the true dynamic character of IOP. The distributions, magnitudes, and patterns of IOP are not reproducible from day to day within animals, but IOP tends to be slightly higher at night when IOP data are averaged across multiple 24-hour periods within animals.
Multiple sites of control of glutathione S-transferase P1-1 in rat liver. (1994)

Glutathione transferase P1-1, normally very low in adult rat liver, is induced by a single intravenous dose of lead nitrate. In this transient induction, there are at least three sites of regulation or control. These are transcription, post-transcription, and post-translation. The increase in transcription is evident both by nuclear run-off analysis and by measurement of mRNA levels. The other two sites of control were seen in actinomycin D-treated animals in which RNA synthesis was inhibited by over 80%. Treatment with actinomycin D increases the stability of the mRNA and also somehow inhibits the conversion of a glutathione transferase protein to an enzymatically active form. These three sites offer possibilities for the study of mechanisms of control for this interesting enzyme that may play a role in chemical carcinogenesis and in drug resistance.
Generating Individual Maps for Mobile Robots from Universal 3D Environment Map (2010)

In this research, a Universal map, which can be converted to individual maps for heterogeneous mobile robots, is proposed. A Universal map can be generated using our developed measurement robot, and it is composed of a textured 3D environment model. Therefore, every robot can use a Universal map as a common map, and it is utilized for various localization technologies such as view-based and LRF-based methods. In LRF-based localization, accurate localization is achieved using a specific map, which is generated from a Universal map. In a view-based approach, localization and navigation are achieved using rendered images. The use of a Universal map enables generation of these maps automatically. The effectiveness of this approach is confirmed through experiments.
Degradation of chlorinated polyethylene. I. Effect of antimony oxide on the rate of dehydrochlorination (1972)

Abstract The degradation of two chlorinated polyethylene compounds CPE 25 (45% chlorine) and CPE 16 (36% chlorine) was studied by following their rates of dehydrochlorination at two temperatures, 150°C and 180°C in pure nitrogen and pure oxygen atmospheres. Studies on the powdered polymers showed that the dehydrochlorination rate of CPE 25 is about fourteen times faster than that of CPE 16 in nitrogen atmospheres and only three to four times faster in oxygen. The molded polymers gave a lower rate of dehydrochlorination than when in the powdered form. This effect is attributed to diffusion factors. The antimony oxide brought about an induction period in the dehydrochlorination reaction during which only a small amount of HCl is evolved, followed by a very fast rate of dehydrochlorination both in oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres. The duration of the induction period increases with increase in the Sb 2 O 3 concentration, but is followed by an accelerated HCl loss which is faster when Sb 2 O 3 concentration is higher. This work provides supporting evidence that SbCl 3 was formed and lost during degradation. Mechanisms of dehydrochlorination are suggested for the reaction in the case of pure chlorinated polyethylene and for the polymer containing antimony oxide.
The MVTec Anomaly Detection Dataset: A Comprehensive Real-World Dataset for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (2021)

Abstract The detection of anomalous structures in natural image data is of utmost importance for numerous tasks in the field of computer vision. The development of methods for unsupervised anomaly detection requires data on which to train and evaluate new approaches and ideas. We introduce the MVTec anomaly detection dataset containing 5354 high-resolution color images of different object and texture categories. It contains normal, i.e., defect-free images intended for training and images with anomalies intended for testing. The anomalies manifest themselves in the form of over 70 different types of defects such as scratches, dents, contaminations, and various structural changes. In addition, we provide pixel-precise ground truth annotations for all anomalies. We conduct a thorough evaluation of current state-of-the-art unsupervised anomaly detection methods based on deep architectures such as convolutional autoencoders, generative adversarial networks, and feature descriptors using pretrained convolutional neural networks, as well as classical computer vision methods. We highlight the advantages and disadvantages of multiple performance metrics as well as threshold estimation techniques. This benchmark indicates that methods that leverage descriptors of pretrained networks outperform all other approaches and deep-learning-based generative models show considerable room for improvement.
Design and Application of Variable Universe Fuzzy Controller Based on Cat Swarm Optimization (2016)

A novel variable universe fuzzy controller based on cat swarm optimization (CSO-VUFC) is proposed to regulate the temperature of the reactor system, which is characterized by nonlinearity, large time delay, and uncertainty. In CSO-VUFC, firstly, corresponding contraction-expansion factors with the function form were, respectively, introduced for the input and output fuzzy universes of the controller. Then, cat swarm optimization was used to optimize the relevant parameter values in the contraction-expansion factor function to achieve the intelligence optimization of the contraction-expansion factors, based on the system performance test function as an evaluation index; the contradiction between the universe adjustment and control accuracy of the fuzzy controller will be effectively solved to achieve the online self-adjustment of the universe. The simulation results indicate that the variable universe adaptive fuzzy control method based on the cat swarm optimization has the features of high precision adjustment, short transient time, and hard real-time.