gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining segment generation with direct step‐and‐shoot optimization in intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (2008)

A method for generating a sequence of intensity-modulated radiation therapy step-and-shoot plans with increasing number of segments is presented. The objectives are to generate high-quality plans with few, large and regular segments, and to make the planning process more intuitive. The proposed method combines segment generation with direct step-and-shoot optimization, where leaf positions and segment weights are optimized simultaneously. The segment generation is based on a column generation approach. The method is evaluated on a test suite consisting of five head-and-neck cases and five prostate cases, planned for delivery with an Elekta SLi accelerator. The adjustment of segment shapes by direct step-and-shoot optimization improves the plan quality compared to using fixed segment shapes. The improvement in plan quality when adding segments is larger for plans with few segments. Eventually, adding more segments contributes very little to the plan quality, but increases the plan complexity. Thus, the method provides a tool for controlling the number of segments and, indirectly, the delivery time. This can support the planner in finding a sound trade-off between plan quality and treatment complexity.
Clinical evaluation of human placental extract (placentrex) in radiation-induced oral mucositis. (2001)

To evaluate human placental extract in the treatment of radiation mucositis involving the oral/oropharyngeal region, a prospective randomized study was carried out in 120 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck from August 1997 to March 1999. The study was conducted in patients receiving radical external radiation therapy, planned for = > 60 Gy/30 F/6 weeks, who developed grade 2 radiation mucositis (patchy mucositis) during radiation treatment. The patients were randomized in two groups of 60 patients each to receive either placentrex treatment (placentrex group) or conventional treatment (control group). Placentrex treatment was given as Inj Placentrex 2 ml by deep intramuscular injection 5 days a week for 15 injections. Conventional treatment given in the control group was disprin gargles and betamethasone oral drops. A subjective decrease in pain was observed in 48/60 (80%) of patients in the placentrex group compared with 22/60 (36.7%) in the control group. The progression to grade 3 radiation mucositis was 24/60 (40%) in the placentrex group compared with 52/60 (86.7%) in the control group. The subjective improvement in difficulty in swallowing was seen in 56/60 (93%) of patients in the placentrex group compared with 9/60 (15%) of patients in the control group. Only one patient in the placentrex group compared with three in the control group required interruption of radiation therapy because of severe radiation reactions. Human placental extract appears to be effective in the management of radiation-induced oral/oropharyngeal mucositis and especially in controlling subjective symptoms.
A Hybrid Vision-Map Method for Urban Road Detection (2017)

A hybrid vision-map system is presented to solve the road detection problem in urban scenarios. The standardized use of machine learning techniques in classification problems has been merged with digital navigation map information to increase system robustness. The objective of this paper is to create a new environment perception method to detect the road in urban environments, fusing stereo vision with digital maps by detecting road appearance and road limits such as lane markings or curbs. Deep learning approaches make the system hard-coupled to the training set. Even though our approach is based on machine learning techniques, the features are calculated from different sources (GPS, map, curbs, etc.), making our system less dependent on the training set.
Use of Ochre from an Abandoned Metal Mine in the South East of Ireland for Phosphorus Sequestration from Dairy Dirty Water (2009)

Ochre found at coal mine drainage sites in the United Kingdom shows a high phosphorus (P) retention capacity with little mobilization of metals. This indicates that ochre has the potential to adsorb P from agricultural wastewaters for possible use as a fertilizer. Little research has focused on the ability of metal mine ochre to sequester P in an environmentally sustainable way. Untreated acid mine drainage from an abandoned copper-sulfur mine in the Avoca-Avonmore catchment in the south east of Ireland results in extensive low-value ochre deposition. In this study, P-amended water (50 mL) was mixed with this ochre (2.5 g) in batch experiments, and a maximum P adsorption capacity, calculated from the Langmuir equation, of between 16 and 21 g P kg(-1) was calculated. However, mobilization of heavy metals from Avoca ochre in distilled, surface, and dirty water batch experiments was observed. This mobilization may inhibit ochre's use in P removal from wastewaters.
Bancor Protocol Continuous Liquidity For Cryptographic Tokens Through Their Smart Contracts (2018)

The Bancor Protocol enables automatic price determination and an autonomous liquidity mechanism for tokens on smart contract blockchains. These Smart Tokens have one or more connectors to a network that hold balances of other tokens, allowing users to instantly purchase or liquidate a Smart Token for any of its connected tokens directly through the Smart Token’s contract, at a price that is continuously recalculated to balance buy and sell volumes.
Antioxidant activity of peptide-based angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (2012)

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are important for the treatment of hypertension as they can decrease the formation of vasopressor hormone angiotensin II (Ang II) and elevate the levels of vasodilating hormone bradykinin. It is observed that bradykinin contains a Ser-Pro-Phe motif near the site of hydrolysis. The selenium analogues of captopril represent a novel class of ACE inhibitors as they also exhibit significant antioxidant activity. In this study, several di- and tripeptides containing selenocysteine and cysteine residues at the N-terminal were synthesized. Hydrolysis of angiotensin I (Ang I) to Ang II by ACE was studied in the presence of these peptides. It is observed that the introduction of L-Phe to Sec-Pro and Cys-Pro peptides significantly increases the ACE inhibitory activity. On the other hand, the introduction of L-Val or L-Ala decreases the inhibitory potency of the parent compounds. The presence of an L-Pro moiety in captopril analogues appears to be important for ACE inhibition as the replacement of L-Pro by L-piperidine 2-carboxylic acid decreases the ACE inhibition. The synthetic peptides were also tested for their ability to scavenge peroxynitrite (PN) and to exhibit glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity. All the selenium-containing peptides exhibited good PN-scavenging and GPx activities.
Real-time multi-hand posture recognition (2010)

A new method based on Haar-like and topological feature is proposed for multi-hand posture recognition in this study. Initially, a statistical method is used to detect the region of the hand according Haar-like features and color segmentation technique. With this method, a group of hand posture regions can be detected in real time with high recognition accuracy. Then, the topology is applied on the detected regions in order to classify the different postures. The experimental results show that the new approach achieves satisfactory performance when applying this new method to human-robot interaction.
Total Syntheses of Bistratamides J, E, and H from Two Types of ΔAla-Containing Oligopeptides (2008)

Abstract The total syntheses of naturally occurring bis- and tris(heterocyclic)cyclopeptide bistratamides J (1), H (2), and E (3) from two types of dehydropeptides are described. The strategy involves the preparation of the promising building blocks: N-{2-[(S)-1-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)amino-2-methylpropyl]thiazol-4-ylcarbonyl}-l-Val-(S)NH2 (4) as the left-half component, and methyl N-(3-bromo-2-oxopropanoyl)-l-Val-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-l-threonate (5) as the right-half. The subsequent Hantzsch thiazole synthesis between 4 and 5 afforded a linear N,O-protected bis(heterocyclic)peptide as the precursor of 1. Upon deprotection, the precursor was converted to 1 via macrocyclization under high-dilution condition, using BOP [benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate] as the condensing agent. Furthermore, 1 was converted to 2, which was transformed into 3 via ring-opening and re-oxazolination.
Emerging Nonaqueous Aluminum‐Ion Batteries: Challenges, Status, and Perspectives (2018)

Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) are regarded as viable alternatives to lithium-ion technology because of their high volumetric capacity, their low cost, and the rich abundance of aluminum. However, several serious drawbacks of aqueous systems (passive film formation, hydrogen evolution, anode corrosion, etc.) hinder the large-scale application of these systems. Thus, nonaqueous AIBs show incomparable advantages for progress in large-scale electrical energy storage. However, nonaqueous aluminum battery systems are still nascent, and various technical and scientific obstacles to designing AIBs with high capacity and long cycling life have not been resolved until now. Moreover, the aluminum cell is a complex device whose energy density is determined by various parameters, most of which are often ignored, resulting in failure to achieve the maximum performance of the cell. The purpose here is to discuss how to further develop reliable nonaqueous AIBs. First, the current status of nonaqueous AIBs is reviewed based on statistical data from the literature. The influence of parameters on energy density is analyzed, and the current situation and existing problems are summarized. Furthermore, possible solutions and concerns regarding the construction of reliable nonaqueous AIBs are comprehensively discussed. Finally, future research directions and prospects in the aluminum battery field are proposed.
Efficient and reliable merging of XML documents (2009)

Many knowledge-based processes rely on XML-based office documents. Up to now, versioning and merging XML documents was a difficult and error-prone task, mostly done manually. The support by tools is still in its infancy. We have presented a novel approach to compare and merge XML documents in a reliable way using context fingerprints. In this demonstration, we show the application of our toolset to ODF documents using a new, simple, and user-friendly graphical user-interface.
Automatically Analyzing Facial-Feature Movements to Identify Human Errors (2009)

Using facial feature points automatically extracted from short video segments, researchers couple computer vision with machine learning to predict performance over an entire task and at any given instant within the task.
Genetic mapping of cleidocranial dysplasia and evidence of a microdeletion in one family (1995)

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal, dominantly inherited disorder of high penetrance affecting skeletal ossification and tooth development. Typically, affected individuals have hypoplastic/aplastic clavicles, patent fontanelles and sutures, supernumerary teeth, and short stature. We have used a candidate locus approach to map the responsible gene in two families with typical features of CCD. Linkage was established between CCD and four loci (D6S426, D6S451, D6S459, TCTE1) that span a region of 10 cM on chromosome 6p. A maximum lod score, Zmax, of 4.1 at a recombination fraction of zero was obtained at D6S451. One highly polymorphic microsatellite from this region (D6S459) showed allelic loss in all affected members of one family with two different sets of primers. The presence of a deletion in this area was confirmed by Southern blot analysis using a probe derived from the amplification product of the D6S459 marker. The data assign a gene for CCD to chromosome 6p21 and suggest that a microdeletion within an area of tight linkage to the CCD-phenotype has been identified.
Nonenzymatic Reduction and Oxidation of Myoglobin and Hemoglobin by Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotides and Flavins (1969)

The nonenzymatic reduction of metmyoglobin and methemoglobin by NADH or NADPH in the presence of ethylene-diaminetetraacetate can occur at rates greater than most of those previously reported for enzymatic reduction. The reduction rate is considerably enhanced by the mediation of various flavins, including FAD, flavin mononucleotide, and riboflavin. The system is generally more active at pH 6.4 than at pH 7.4. The presence of Amytal is without effect. Coenzyme Q6 and menadione do not function as mediators of the reduction. Myoglobins from mammalian and fish sources behave similarly, but tuna metmyoglobin requires a mediator for reduction. Flavins, particularly flavin mononucleotide, in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetate can catalyze the photooxidation of oxymyoglobin, as well as the photoreduction of metmyoglobin. However, the flavin-mediated reduction of metmyoglobin by NADH or NADPH just mentioned takes place equally well in the dark.
Allergen-induced accumulation of airway dendritic cells is supported by an increase in CD31hiLy-6Cneg bone marrow precursors in a mouse model of asthma (2002)

Airway dendritic cells (DCs) are held responsible for inducing sensitization to inhaled antigen, leading to eosinophilic airway inflammation, typical of asthma. However, less information is available about the role of these cells in ongoing inflammation. In a mouse model of asthma, sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) was induced by intratracheal injection of myeloid OVA-pulsed DCs. Upon OVA aerosol challenge and induction of eosinophilic airway inflammation in sensitized mice, there was a time-dependent and almost 100-fold increase in the number of MHCII(+) CD11b(+) CD11c(+) endogenous airway DCs as well as CD11b(+) blood DCs. The mechanism of this increase was studied. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that accumulation of airway DCs was not due to reduced migration to the mediastinal lymph nodes. Rather, the massive increase in airway and lymph node DCs was supported by an almost 3-fold expansion of myeloid CD31(hi)Ly-6C(neg) hematopoietic precursor cells in the bone marrow (BM). There was no change in any of the other 5 populations revealed by CD31/Ly-6C staining. When these CD31(hi)Ly-6C(neg) BM precursors were sorted and grown in granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor, they differentiated into MHCII(+) CD11c(+) DCs. The same CD31(hi)Ly-6C(neg) precursors also expressed the eotaxin receptor CCR3 and differentiated into eosinophils when grown in interleukin 5. Serum levels of eotaxin were doubled in mice with inflammation. These findings in an animal model of asthma suggest that the BM increases its output of myeloid precursors to meet the enhanced demand for DCs and eosinophils in inflamed airways.
Transforming Growth Factor β Affects Osteoclast Differentiation via Direct and Indirect Actions (2001)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is abundant in bone and has complex effects on osteolysis, with both positive and negative effects on osteoclast differentiation, suggesting that it acts via more than one mechanism. Osteoclastogenesis is determined primarily by osteoblast (OB) expression of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related molecule receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), which are increased and decreased, respectively, by osteolytic factors. A RANKL-independent osteoclastogenic mechanism mediated by TNF-alpha has also been shown. Therefore, we investigated TGF-beta effects on osteoclast formation in culture systems in which osteoclastogenic stimulus is dependent on OBs and culture systems where it was provided by exogenously added RANKL or TNF-alpha. Both OPG and TGF-beta inhibited osteoclast formation in hemopoietic cell/OB cocultures, but the kinetics of their action differed. TGF-beta also inhibited osteoclastogenesis in cocultures of cells derived from OPG null (opg-/-) mice. TGF-beta strongly decreased RANKL messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in cultured osteoblasts, and addition of exogenous RANKL to TGFbeta-inhibited cocultures of opg-/- cells partially restored osteoclastogenesis. Combined, these data indicate that the inhibitory actions of TGF-beta were mediated mainly by decreased OB production of RANKL. In contrast, in the absence of OBs, TGF-beta greatly increased osteoclast formation in recombinant RANKL- or TNF-alpha-stimulated cultures of hemopoietic cells or RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells to levels several-fold greater than attainable by maximal stimulation by RANKL or TNF-alpha. These data suggest that TGF-beta may increase osteoclast formation via action on osteoclast precursors. Therefore, although RANKL (or TNF-alpha) is essential for osteoclast formation, factors such as TGF-beta may powerfully modify these osteoclastogenic stimuli. Such actions may be critical to the control of physiological and pathophysiological osteolysis.
27.2: Fast Photo‐Aligned V‐shape Ferroelectric LCD Based on DHF Mode (2010)

Abstract Non‐sensitive to the driving voltage polarity and hysteretic free V‐ shaped electro‐optical response exhibiting characteristic switching on and switching off times τ 0.1–0.9 on ≅ τ 0.1–0.9 off ≅ 100μμs at the driving voltage amplitude less than 10V can be achieved in Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (DHF) mode. The application of this mode for new active‐matrix LCD with Field Sequential Colors (FSC) is envisaged.
MATERIALS IN ATOMIC ENERGY (1960)

A survey is presented of materials in atomic energy. The properties aud potentialities of U, Pu, and Th as fuels are reviewed. Stainless steel, Mg, Be, Zr, Al, Nb, V, and Mo are discussed as cladding materials. Graphite, water, organic liquids, and beryllia are compared as reactor moderators. The coolant properties of CO/sub 2/, He, N/sub 2/, water, organic liquids, hydrogen, and liquid metals are summarized. The rare earths are compared with boron and hafnium as absorbers. Applications of concrete, resinimpregnated wood, polythene, zinc bromide, B, Pb, and Fe as shielding materials are discussed. Recent developments in the use of ferritic steels and concretes as reactor components and in the application of semiconductors as neutron detectors are reviewed. (M.C.G.)
Умови полісів страхування інтелектуальної власності (2012)

In article problems of the treaty provisions of intellectual property insurance are analyzed. Intellectual property insurance coverage protects companies for copyright, trademark or patent infringement claims arising out of the company’s operation. This article deals with analyse of policies (contracts) intellectual property insurance, which are three types: first party IP coverage, abatement coverage, defense coverage.
Feature modelling of component-based embedded software (2002)

The electronic and automation industries develop and maintain software embedded in computer controlled products. Higher software productivity can be achieved by a systematic software engineering process and an environment that supports automatic software mass customisation. Existing methods are too narrow and commercial tools are often too closed to be suited for component based software tailoring. Integrating feature and object based models and providing a distributed environment based on commercial tools feature models of embedded software are utilized in reuse oriented product development, maintenance and sales. Reuse of product knowledge is based on layered feature models. Configuration data for product variations is automatically derived and mapped to software design and implementation components and assemblies.
El nuevo tipo delictivo del artículo 197.4.º bis: la difusión no autorizada de imágenes íntimas obtenidas con consentimiento (2013)

La reforma del Codigo Penal que ha impulsado el Gobierno en 2013 incluye un nuevo tipo delictivo en el art. 197, que pretender castigar la difusion sin consentimiento de contenidos intimos obtenidos con la connivencia de la victima. Este tipo delictivo se orienta, fundamentalmente a castigar la difusion no consentida de sexting: imagenes eroticas o sexuales caseras producidas y enviadas por el propio protagonista. El articulo describe el nuevo tipo delictivo y se cuestiona sobre su oportunidad.
Post‐translational regulation of nitrate reductase: mechanism, physiological relevance and environmental triggers (2001)

Assimilatory nitrate reductase (NR) of higher plants is a most interesting enzyme, both from its central function in plant primary metabolism and from the complex regulation of its expression and control of catalytic activity and degradation. Here, present knowledge about the mechanism of post-translational regulation of NR is summarized and the properties of the regulatory enzymes involved (protein kinases, protein phosphatases and 14-3-3-binding proteins) are described. It is shown that light and oxygen availability are the major external triggers for the rapid and reversible modulation of NR activity, and that sugars and/or sugar phosphates are the internal signals which regulate the protein kinase(s) and phosphatase. It is also demonstrated that stress factors like nitrate deficiency and salinity have remarkably little direct influence on the NR activation state. Further, changes in NR activity measured in vitro are not always associated with changes in nitrate reduction rates in vivo, suggesting that NR can be under strong substrate limitation. The degradation and half-life of the NR protein also appear to be affected by NR phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding, as NR activation always correlates positively with its stability. However, it is not known whether the molecular form of NR in vivo affects its susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, or whether factors that affect the NR activation state also independently affect the activity or induction of the NR protease(s). A second and potentially important function of NR, the production of nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite is briefly described, but it remains to be determined whether NR produces NO for pathogen/stress signalling in vivo.
De villa a qarya. Transformación y continuidad en el campo emeritense (ss. I-IX). Primer balance de las actuaciones arqueológicas (2002-2004) en el Pozo de la Cañada (2008)

Aunque las intervenciones de arqueologia preventiva llevadas a cabo en El Pozo de la Canada (Guarena, Badajoz) solo han documentado una parte muy reducida del yacimiento, abren interesantes perspectivas sobre el proceso de transformacion del campo emeritense entre los siglos I-IX. En efecto, los resultados muestran una ocupacion mucho mas dilatada y compleja que la que los datos de los primeros anos del s. XX hacian suponer. La informacion con la que contamos es muy fragmentaria debido a una estratigrafia notablemente perturbada y numerosas soluciones de continuidad entre los diferentes sectores. Por ello, solo podemos atisbar algunos aspectos de la vida cotidiana desarrollada en torno a una villa romana y su continuidad en la tardoantiguedad y el principio del Emirato.