gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two‐stage drawing of poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) (1992)

Abstract Initially amorphous and semicrystalline films of poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) with different molecular weights were drawn by two‐stage drawing, that is, coextrusion at low temperatures (25–160°C) followed by tensile drawing at high temperatures (200–245°C). Both films could be drawn up to a draw ratio of 8–10 by this method under controlled conditions. The tensile modulus and strength of drawn samples were greatly affected by the draw temperature for the first stage, predrawn morphology, and molecular weight. The remarkable effects of these variables on the tensile properties are closely related to the difference in the resultant amorphous chain orientation of the samples, reflecting the disentanglements and chain slippage during drawing, and the dissipation of chain orientation after processing.
Identification of fungal diseases associated with imported wheat in Iranian silos. (2003)

In this study, imported wheat varieties used for cookies and bread making were evaluated for the presence of fungal diseases in the silos. Grain samples were taken and cultured on nutrient agar medium and sterile papers impregnated with nutrient. The results showed the presence of pathogenic fungi such as Ulocladium sp., Cladosporium sp., Alternaria sp., Rhizopus nigricans, Penicillium sp. and Trichothecium sp. in varieties from Australian, Mucor sp., R. nigricans, Fusarium sp., A. triticum, Helminthosporium sp. and Penicillium sp. from Argentina, Alternaria sp., Ulocladium sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Mucor mucedo, R. nigricans, Fusorium sp., Curvularia triticola, U. clamydosporium and C. tritici from Kazakistan varieties stored in Karaj silos or unloading trains. It is noteworthy to mention that Fusarium sp., Helminthosporium sp., Alternaria sp., A. tritici, A. triticola and U. clamydosporium are phytopathogenic fungi that often cause serious diseases on crops, produce lots of spores that are widely disseminated across the field and grow and reproduce in plant residues and diseased or wounded plant tissues and mature grains particularly under moist conditions. If in case, farmers try to use contaminated wheat grains that are distributed among them for flour, for cultivation purposes, it is highly probable that new fungal strains and species will be introduced in the areas where wheat production has never been threatened before. Fungal disease such as Indian smut or rusts is not native to Iran but are considered quarantine diseases. In addition, high incidence of contamination due to the presence of mycotoxins produced by Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. in foreign wheat cultivars, could result in serious toxicity and illness in humans and birds.
Microorganisms and Technology of Philippine Fermented Foods (1999)

about one week at 5C storage.
A 3D sound using the adaptive head model and measured pinna data (2002)

In conventional 3D sound there are two disciplines: measurement and model approaches of the head related transfer function. In general the measurement approach can provide more precise sound localization but is dependent on the subject. The model approach can employ a subject-independent characteristic but has little degradation of location perception. We proposed a hybrid approach that includes the adaptive head model and measured pinna data. The head model is constructed by four quarter-ellipsoids that can adapt to different users by changing five parameters. The measurement results of sound propagation in a pinna are also found. To generate 3D sound, the head model produces two outputs with interaural time and level differences, which are convoluted by the measured responses of two pinnae according to a sound location. In the experiments using our approach, 3D sounds are effectively generated to meet different listeners with precise location perception.
Drift-aiding fringing fields in charge-coupled devices (1971)

Transverse electric fields at the Si-SiO/SUB 2/ interface (fringing fields) can aid transfer of charge from one potential well to another in charge- coupled devices (CCD). The magnitudes of these drift-aiding fringing fields are evaluated by an approximate analysis and also by computer. The analytical approach assumes zero space charge in the silicon and agrees with the computer solutions in that limit. When the depletion width becomes less than the gate width the fringing field is reduced considerably. Transit times associated with these fringing fields are evaluated. Trapping of charge in interface states rather than transfer of free charge is expected to be the fundamental limitation on speed and transfer efficiency in appropriately designed CCDs.
Nanoparticle Synthesis via the Photochemical Polythiol Process (2007)

We introduce the photochemical polythiol process, in which we use ambient light to decompose bismuth, antimony, copper, and lead thiolates to metal nanoparticles. Focusing on bismuth, we produce rhombohedral nanoparticles with narrow size distributions. The approach allows a single-phase synthesis of uniform non-noble metal nanoparticles without a secondary size-selection process. It minimizes use of chemicals and solvents and is more environmentally friendly than competing processes described in the literature.
Deregulation of cell signaling in cancer (2014)

Oncogenic mutations disrupt the regulatory circuits that govern cell function, enabling tumor cells to undergo de-regulated mitogenesis, to resist to pro-apoptotic insults, and to invade through tissue boundaries. Cancer cell biology has played a crucial role in elucidating the signaling mechanisms by which oncogenic mutations sustain these malignant behaviors and thereby in identifying rational targets for cancer drugs. The efficacy of such targeted therapies illustrate the power of a reductionist approach to the study of cancer.
PRIMING INDIVIDUALS ON FREE TRADE: A CROSS-NATIONAL EXPERIMENT ON THE LINKAGES BETWEEN ECONOMIC INSECURITY AND POLICY PREFERENCES (2001)

There exists a significant disconnect between important macro-level and micro-level theories of individuals ’ reactions to changes in their personal economic situations. On the one
Dynamic Security Labels and Noninterference (2004)

This paper explores information flow control in systems in which the security classes of data can vary dynamically. Information flow policies provide the means to express strong security requirements for data confidentiality and integrity. Recent work on security-typed programming languages has shown that information flow can be analyzed statically, ensuring that programs will respect the restrictions placed on data. However, real computing systems have security policies that vary dynamically and that cannot be determined at the time of program analysis. For example, a file has associated access permissions that cannot be known with certainty until it is opened. Although one security-typed programming language has included support for dynamic security labels, there has been no examination of whether such a mechanism can securely control information flow. In this paper, we present an expressive languagebased mechanism for securely manipulating dynamic security labels. The mechanism is presented both in the context of a Java-like programming language and, more formally, in a core language based on the typed lambda calculus. This core language is expressive enough to encode previous dynamic label mechanisms; as importantly, any well-typed program is provably secure because it satisfies noninterference. 1
TrkB Signaling Is Required for Postnatal Survival of CNS Neurons and Protects Hippocampal and Motor Neurons from Axotomy-Induced Cell Death (1997)

Newborn mice carrying targeted mutations in genes encoding neurotrophins or their signaling Trk receptors display severe neuronal deficits in the peripheral nervous system but not in the CNS. In this study, we show that trkB (-/-) mice have a significant increase in apoptotic cell death in different regions of the brain during early postnatal life. The most affected region in the brain is the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, although elevated levels of pyknotic nuclei were also detected in cortical layers II and III and V and VI, the striatum, and the thalamus. Furthermore, axotomized hippocampal and motor neurons of trkB (-/-) mice have significantly lower survival rates than those of wild-type littermates. These results suggest that neurotrophin signaling through TrkB receptors plays a role in the survival of CNS neurons during postnatal development. Moreover, they indicate that TrkB receptor signaling protects subpopulations of CNS neurons from injury- and axotomy-induced cell death.
Jitter spectrum analysis using continuous time interval analyzer (CTIA) (2006)

The advent of serial communication links in chip-to-chip and system-to-system applications has resulted in intense focus on jitter and BER testing methodologies. We present two techniques for measuring jitter spectral content using continuous time interval analyzers (CTIA) for characterization and test of clock signals and high-speed digital interfaces. First we describe the time interval error (TIE) based autocorrelation technique and show how it can provide better dynamic range than variance-based autocorrelation methods. Second, we introduce an alternative approach based on anti-aliasing feature of random sampling (RS). The RS approach provides significant gains in the frequency resolution and dynamic range while requiring less measurement time than the autocorrelation methods
Fingerprint imager based on a-Si:H active-matrix photo-diode arrays (2002)

We present a thin-format optical fingerprint image sensor based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) n-i-p photo-diode technology. The fingerprint sensor has resolution of 403 dpi. Optical Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data obtained for an edge-light illuminated sensor structure shows that the fingerprint image is formed by total internal reflection (TIR) of photons in finger skin valleys. Conversely, for a back-light illuminated sensor structure the image is formed by reflection of photons in finger skin ridges. Finally, a fingerprint sensor prototype has been built to demonstrate these two types of sensor technology.
Mesh-connected array processors with bypass capability for signal/image processing (1988)

An SIMD array processor augmented with bypass connections, called mesh with bypass connections (MBC), is presented. This architecture reduces the diameter of the n*n array from O(n) to O(1). MBC significantly improves the performance of the array processor, especially in global operations; finding a minimum/maximum, average and sum take O(log/sub 2/n) time, which require O(n) with ordinary mesh connections, O(n/sup 1/3/) in mesh with multiple broadcast. Matrix multiplication can be done in O(n) time. Image processing operations such as histogramming, median row finding, convolution and image projection can be efficiently mapped onto the architecture. MBC using circuit switching instead of store-and-forward outperforms the mesh, mesh with broadcast and mesh with multiple broadcast. Hardware augmentations for bypass on the ordinary mesh do not hurt the homogeneity of the processor; thus MBC can be implemented with VLSI technology to get a massive parallelism.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Distance from the Pulp and Thickness on the Hydraulic Conductance of Human Radicular Dentin (1988)

The purposes of this study were: (1) to measure the effect of distance from the pulp on the hydraulic conductance of human radicular dentin; (2) to determine the influence of dentin thickness on the rates of fluid flow; and (3) to attempt to correlate dentinal tubule densities and diameters with root dentin hydraulic conductance. Dentin slabs prepared from extracted, unerupted, human third molar teeth were placed in a split-chamber device to permit quantitation of fluid filtration rate (hydraulic conductance). In the SEM portion of the study, dentinal tubule numbers and diameters were recorded. The results indicated that radicular dentin hydraulic conductance decreased with distance from the pulp and with increasing dentin thickness. Tubule density and diameter correlated well with the measured hydraulic conductances. The relatively low hydraulic conductance of outer root dentin makes it a significant barrier to fluid movement across root structure.
Large area display element using PVF2bimorph with double-support structure (1980)

The bending properties of a double-support PVF2 bimorph cantilever structure were investigated theoretically and experimentally. Decreased drive-voltage and gravity sag deformation were confirmed. Using the analytical result, it is possible to design a PVF2 double-support structure for specified conditions of display area, response time, driving voltage, and gravity sag deformation. Typical properties of a double-support bimorph with 9 μm-thick PVF2 layers, 4 cm in total length, are: 120 V drive-voltage, 60—100 msec response time, and ±1.8 cm deflection.
Sociogeographic Variation in the Effects of Heat and Cold on Daily Mortality in Japan (2013)

We noted clear regional variation in temperature-related increases in mortality risk, which should be considered when planning preventive measures.
Provable Security Against a Differential Attack (1994)

The purpose of this paper is to show that there exist DES-like iterated ciphers, which are provably resistant against differential attacks. The main result on the security of a DES-like cipher with independent round keys is Theorem 1, which gives an upper bound to the probability of <em>s</em>-round differentials, as defined in <em>Markov Ciphers and Differential Cryptanalysis </em> by X. Lai et al. and this upper bound depends only on the round function of the iterated cipher. Moreover, it is shown that there exist functions such that the probabilities of differentials are less than or equal to 2<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">3-n</span></sup>, where <em>n</em> is the length of the plaintext block. We also show a prototype of an iterated block cipher, which is compatible with DES and has proven security against differential attacks.
Applying Case-Based Reasoning: Techniques for Enterprise Systems (1997)

Chapter 1: What Is Case-Based Reasoning? Chapter 2: Understanding CBR Chapter 3: The Application of CBR Chapter 4: Industrial Applications of CBR Chapter 5: CBR and Customer Service Chapter 6: CBR Software Tools Chapter 7: Building a Diagnostic Case-Base Chapter 8: Building, Testing, and Maintaining Case-Bases Chapter 9: Conclusion Chapter 10: Bibliography
Voluntary exercise improves insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue inflammation in diet-induced obese mice (2008)

Exercise promotes weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating its beneficial effects are not fully understood. Obesity correlates with increased production of inflammatory cytokines, which in turn, contributes to systemic insulin resistance. To test the hypothesis that exercise mitigates this inflammatory response, thereby improving insulin sensitivity, we developed a model of voluntary exercise in mice made obese by feeding of a high fat/high sucrose diet (HFD). Over four wk, mice fed chow gained 2.3 +/- 0.3 g, while HFD mice gained 6.8 +/- 0.5 g. After 4 wk, mice were subdivided into four groups: chow-no exercise, chow-exercise, HFD-no exercise, HFD-exercise and monitored for an additional 6 wk. Chow-no exercise and HFD-no exercise mice gained an additional 1.2 +/- 0.3 g and 3.3 +/- 0.5 g respectively. Exercising mice had higher food consumption, but did not gain additional weight. As expected, GTT and ITT showed impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in HFD-no exercise mice. However, glucose tolerance improved significantly and insulin sensitivity was completely normalized in HFD-exercise animals. Furthermore, expression of TNF-alpha, MCP-1, PAI-1 and IKKbeta was increased in adipose tissue from HFD mice compared with chow mice, whereas exercise reversed the increased expression of these inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, expression of these cytokines in liver was unchanged among the four groups. These results suggest that exercise partially reduces adiposity, reverses insulin resistance and decreases adipose tissue inflammation in diet-induced obese mice, despite continued consumption of HFD.
Dopamine D<sub>1</sub>Agonist Activates Temporal Lobe Structures in Primates (2000)

Changes in the function of dopamine D1-influenced neuronal pathways may be important to the pathophysiology of several human diseases. We recently developed methods for averaging functional imaging data across nonhuman primate subjects; in this study, we apply this method for the first time to map brain responses to experimental dopamine agonists in vivo. Here we report the use of positron emission tomography (PET) in seven normal baboons to measure the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) responses produced by an acute dose of the dopamine D1 full agonist SKF82958. The most significant rCBF increases were in bilateral temporal lobe, including amygdala and superior temporal sulcus (6–17%, P < 0.001). Blood flow decreased in thalamus, pallidum, and pons (4–7%, P = 0.001). Furthermore the rCBF responses were dose-dependent and had a half-life of ∼30 min, similar to that reported for the drug's antiparkinsonian effects. Absolute whole-brain blood flow did not change, suggesting that these local changes in rCBF reflect neuronal rather than direct vascular effects of the agonist. The prominent temporal lobe response to a D1 agonist supports and extends our recent observations that levodopa produces prominent amygdala activation both in humans and in other primates. We speculate that levodopa may exert its known effects on mood in humans through increased amygdala activity, mediated in part by D1receptors.
Visible broadband magnetic response from Ag chiral Z-shaped nanohole array (2015)

We show that broadband magnetic response in visible range can be achieved through an Ag chiral Z-shaped nanohole array. The broadband effect is realized by incorporating multi-scaled inverted SRRs and metal/dielectric nanostrip antenna in one unit cell of only 260 nm square lattice, resulting in multiple excitations of magnetic resonances at different wavelengths. The collective modes show structure dependence and respond separately to LCP and RCP incident light. The Ag Z- and reverse-Z-shaped nanohole arrays have been experimentally realized by shadowing vapor deposition method which exhibit broadband transmission difference, in good agreement with numerical simulations.
Macrocyclic polymers from cyclic oligomers of poly(butylene terephthalate) (2021)

This thesis describes the synthesis, polymerization, and characterization of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) polymers as produced from cyclic oligomers of PBT using a stannoxane cyclic initiator. The properties of the resulting macrocyclic PBT polymer are compared to the properties of four commercial linear PBTs, covering the range of molecular weights for commercial polymers. The macrocyclic polymers are found to have unique properties in both the melt and the solid state. In the melt, the macrocyclic polymers are found to have significantly lower viscosities vs. the linear resins at equivalent molecular weight. The results reported herein show differences in the zero shear viscosity of macrocyclic and linear PBT melts at equivalent molecular weight that are much larger than the differences reported in the literature between macrocyclic and linear polystyrene melts. It is believed that the unique ring expansion polymerization used in this research has resulted in producing simpler cyclic molecules, having no catenation or knotting, than have been reported elsewhere. When crystallized, these cyclic molecules produce a semi-crystalline spherulitic structure. The spherulite formed is unique in that it is highly nucleated, rapidly crystallized, and found to be the same spherulitic form only previously reported as being produced by slow cooling or solvent crystallization processes. The crystalline structure from these macrocyclic molecules is believed to have a lower intercrystalline tie chain density than found in melt cooled linear PBTs. This macrocyclic polymer, produced from cyclic oligomers, is proposed as being capable of being used as a thermoplastic composite resin, with sufficiently low viscosity in the oligomeric state, and sufficiently high polymerization and crystallization rates, that a melt process is feasible. While being very brittle, the fracture toughness of cyclic PBT is found to increase when the macrocyclic structure is degraded, increasing by three times within ten minutes of thermal degradation in the melt. A new initiator is proposed in the thesis, capable of producing linear PBT from cyclic oligomers with the same reaction kinetics as the stannoxane initiator. Such a system is expected to be as tough as high molecular linear PBT, and have the chemical and heat resistant characteristics necessary for a new thermoplastic composite resin.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Recombinant Antibodies:Targeting the Extra-Domain B of Fibronectin, A Marker of Tumor Angiogenesis (2004)

Angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from preexisting ones, is a phenomenon associated to several human pathologies, including different potentially blinding ocular disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Indeed, ongoing angiogenesis is a characteristic feature of the majority of aggressive solid tumors, and is also a pre-requisite for the progression towards the metastatic phenotype. One established marker of angiogenesis is represented by an isoform of the oncofoetal fibronectin (FN), containing an additional domain inserted by alternative splicing of the FN pre-mRNA and called extra-domain B (ED-B). This isoform has been found to be present almost exclusively in the modified extra-cellular matrix surrounding newly-formed blood vessels in tumors (and other animal models of ocular pathologies), being completely absent from the normal vasculature in adult organs. This article reviews the recombinant antibodies raised against ED-B and the different methodologies used for the generation of these antibodies. Moreover, new diagnostic and therapeutic applications based on the delivery of bioactive molecules to tumor blood vessels by means of ED-B targeting will be discussed.
Facile synthesis of dichlorosilane by metathesis reaction and dehydrogenation of dihydrogermane by a frustrated Lewis pair (2010)

The reaction of GeCl(2).dioxane with 1,4-diazabutadiene compounds [(HC[double bond, length as m-dash]NAr)(2), Ar = 2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3), (1); Ar = 2,4,6-Me(3)C(6)H(2), (2)] leads to the formation of dichlorogermane derivatives [{N(2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3))CH}(2)]GeCl(2) (3) and [{N(2,4,6-Me(3)C(6)H(2))CH}(2)]GeCl(2) (4) respectively. The reaction of compound 2 with SiCl(2).NHC (NHC = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidine) (5) results in the formation of dichlorosilane [{N(2,4,6-Me(3)C(6)H(2))CH}(2)]SiCl(2) (6) which is the precursor for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic silylene. Furthermore the reaction of dichlorogermane 3 with two equivalents of AlH(3).NMe(3) in toluene leads to the dihydrogermane [{N(2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3))CH}(2)]GeH(2) (7). Interestingly this dihydrogermane (7) is dehydrogenated by the frustrated Lewis pair, N-heterocyclic carbene (1,3-di-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene) and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, to form the N-heterocyclic germylene [{N(2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3))CH}(2)]Ge (8).