gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Transport of Low-Polarity Organic Compounds through Soil by Cyclodextrin (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnhanced Transport of Low-Polarity Organic Compounds through Soil by CyclodextrinMark L. Brusseau, Xiaojiang. Wang, and Qinhong. HuCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 5, 952–956Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00054a030https://doi.org/10.1021/es00054a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views369Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultrafast Brain MRI: Clinical Deployment and Comparison to Conventional Brain MRI at 3T (2016)

The ultrafast protocol achieved at least comparable image quality and high diagnostic concordance compared to the conventional protocol. This fast protocol can be a viable option to replace the conventional protocol in motion-prone inpatient clinical settings.
Ge APD/GaAs FET/op-amp transimpedance optical receiver design having minimum noise and intersymbol interference characteristics (1984)

The recent commercial availability of broadband linear-phase operational amplifiers has allowed a new high-bit-rate transimpedance optical receiver design to be realised. This design allows the convenient optimisation of the receiver frequency response for minimum noise and intersymbol interference. Practical sensitivities of −49.3 dBm (70% QE) at 140 Mbit/s and 1.52 μm have been routinely achieved using packaged components and 30 μm-diameter Ge p+n APDs.
Reconfiguring the Imaging Pipeline for Computer Vision (2017)

Advancements in deep learning have ignited an explosion of research on efficient hardware for embedded computer vision. Hardware vision acceleration, however, does not address the cost of capturing and processing the image data that feeds these algorithms. We examine the role of the image signal processing (ISP) pipeline in computer vision to identify opportunities to reduce computation and save energy. The key insight is that imaging pipelines should be be configurable: to switch between a traditional photography mode and a low-power vision mode that produces lower-quality image data suitable only for computer vision. We use eight computer vision algorithms and a reversible pipeline simulation tool to study the imaging system's impact on vision performance. For both CNN-based and classical vision algorithms, we observe that only two ISP stages, demosaicing and gamma compression, are critical for task performance. We propose a new image sensor design that can compensate for these stages. The sensor design features an adjustable resolution and tunable analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Our proposed imaging system's vision mode disables the ISP entirely and configures the sensor to produce subsampled, lower-precision image data. This vision mode can save ~75% of the average energy of a baseline photography mode with only a small impact on vision task accuracy.
Suppression of native oxide growth in sputtered TaN films and its application to Cu electroless plating (2003)

Electroless plated copper can be deposited on a TaN surface initiated by displacement plating when the surface oxide layer is removed by wet chemical etching. For application to ultra-large-scale integrated (ULSI) interconnection technology in which very thin TaN barrier films are used, it is essential to form a stable TaN film with minimal native oxide thickness. In this study, TaN films with various N/Ta atomic ratios were fabricated by reactive sputtering and native oxide growth on the surface was investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high resolution Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that when the N/Ta atomic ratio in the film was lower than 1.2, surface oxidation of the TaN film advanced with time. When the ratio was higher than 1.2, oxidation of the TaN film stopped at 1 ML. The XRD spectra indicated that when the N/Ta atomic ratio was between 0.82 and 1.25, face-centered-cubic TaN films were formed and the resistivity increased with an increase in the N/Ta ratio. Thus, a TaN film with a N/Ta ratio of 1.25 ratifies the minimal surface oxide thickness as well as low-resistivity requirements, and is appropriate for ULSI Cu interconnections using electroless Cu deposition.
XG Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Field Test Results (2007)

This paper describes the results of field testing of the XG Radio system. In August 2006, the XG Radio system was field tested at Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia, in the laboratory, and at field locations in Northern Virginia. The XG Radio system uses dynamic spectrum sharing technology to determine locally unused spectrum, and then operates on these channels without causing interference to the existing "non-cooperative" users. There were three major test criteria: To "cause no harm" (to avoid interference), to "work" (to form and maintain connected networks), and to "add value" (efficiently use spectrum). In this paper we define test metrics for fulfillment of these criteria, and describe the test results. A companion paper describes the field test design and the XG Radio system.
The co‐translational folding and interactions of nascent protein chains: a new approach using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (2004)

During protein biosynthesis, a nascent protein is exposed to multiple environments and proteins both inside and outside the ribosome that influence nascent chain folding and trafficking. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between two dyes incorporated into a single nascent chain using aminoacyl-tRNA analogs can directly and selectively monitor changes in nascent chain conformation. This approach recently revealed the existence and functional ramifications of ribosome-mediated folding of nascent membrane proteins inside the ribosome and can be extended to characterize the effects of chaperones and other proteins and ligands on nascent protein folding, interactions, assembly, and avoidance of misfolding and degradation.
Optimal Stopping and the American Put (1991)

We show that the problem of pricing the American put is equivalent to solving an optimal stopping problem. the optimal stopping problem gives rise to a parabolic free‐boundary problem. We show there is a unique solution to this problem which has a lower boundary. We identify an integral equation solved by the boundary and show that it is the unique solution to this equation satisfying certain natural additional conditions. the proofs also give a natural decomposition of the price of the American option as the sum of the price of the European option and an “American premium.”
HIV Protease Inhibitors - The Next Generation (2002)

Inhibitors of HIV protease have been key components of highly active retroviral therapy, which is credited with dramatically reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with HIV infection. Nevertheless, currently available therapies are insufficiently effective in a significant proportion of infected patients; furthermore, even successful therapy may prove to be of limited durability over time. In particular, the emergence of highly resistant viral strains presents a serious threat to continued success in treatment of AIDS. Patient noncompliance, exacerbated by complex dosing schedules and unpleasant side effects, not only compromises efficaciousness but also contributes to emerging resistance. For these reasons it is necessary to continue bringing to market new agents which show greater potency against resistant mutants, as well as decreased toxicity and more favorable pharmacokinetic properties which should lead to improved patient compliance. This paper summarizes recent developments in HIV pr otease research, with emphasis on compounds or structural classes which may show promise for clinical development.
Polynitroxyl Albumin and Albumin Therapy after Pediatric Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest: Effects on Cerebral Blood Flow and Neurologic Outcome (2011)

Postresuscitation cerebral blood flow (CBF) disturbances and generation of reactive oxygen species likely contribute to impaired neurologic outcome after pediatric cardiac arrest (CA). Hence, we determined the effects of the antioxidant colloid polynitroxyl albumin (PNA) versus albumin or normal saline (NS) on CBF and neurologic outcome after asphyxial CA in immature rats. We induced asphyxia for 9 minutes in male and female postnatal day 16 to 18 rats randomized to receive PNA, albumin, or NS at resuscitation from CA or sham surgery. Regional CBF was measured serially from 5 to 150 minutes after resuscitation by arterial spin-labeled magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed motor function (beam balance and inclined plane), spatial memory retention (water maze), and hippocampal neuronal survival. Polynitroxyl albumin reduced early hyperemia seen 5 minutes after CA. In contrast, albumin markedly increased and prolonged hyperemia. In the delayed period after resuscitation (90 to 150 minutes), CBF was comparable among groups. Both PNA- and albumin-treated rats performed better in the water maze versus NS after CA. This benefit was observed only in males. Hippocampal neuron survival was similar between injury groups. Treatment of immature rats with PNA or albumin resulted in divergent acute changes in CBF, but both improved spatial memory retention in males after asphyxial CA.
Incorporation of a laser range scanner into an image-guided surgical system (2003)

Laser range scanners provide rapid and accurate non-contact methods for acquiring 3D surface data, offering many advntages over other techniques currently available during surgery. The range scanner was incorporated into our image-guided surgery system to augment registration and deformation compensation. A rigid body, embedded with IR diodes, was attached to the scanner for tracking in physical space with an optical localization system. The relationship between the scanner's coordinate system and the tracked rigid body was determined using a calibration phantom. Tracking of the scanner using the calibration phantom resulted in an error of 1.4±0.8 mm. Once tracked, data acquired intraoperatively from the range scanner data is registered with preoperative tomographic volumes using the Iterative Closest Point algorithm. Sensitivity studies were performed to ensure that this algorithm effectively reached a global minimum. In cases where tissue deformation is significant, rigid registrations can lead to inaccuracy during surgical navigation. Methods of non-rigid compensation may be necessary, and an initial study using a linearly elastic finite element model is presented. Differences between intraoperative and preoperative surfaces after rigid registration are used to formulate boundary conditions, and the resulting displacement field deforms the preoperative image volume. To test this protocol, a phantom was built, consisting of fiducial points and a silicone liver model. Range scan and CT data were captured both before and after deforming the organ. The pre-deformed images, after registration and modeling, were compared to post-deformation, although there is a noticeable improvement by implementing the finite element model. To improve accuracy, more elaborate surface registration and deformation compensation strategies will be investigated. To improve accuracy, more elaborate surface registration and deformation compensation strategies will be investigated. The ragne scanner is an innovative, uncumbersome, and relatively inexpensive method of collecting intraoperative data. It has been integrated into our image-guided surgical system and software with virtually no overhead.
Characterization of a morphological checkpoint coupling cell‐specific transcription to septation in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1999)

Early in the process of spore formation in Bacillus subtilis, asymmetric cell division produces a large mother cell and a much smaller prespore. Differentiation of the prespore is initiated by activation of an RNA polymerase sigma factor, sigmaF, specifically in that cell. sigmaF is controlled by a regulatory cascade involving an anti-sigma factor, SpoIIAB, an anti-anti-sigma factor, SpoIIAA, and a membrane-bound phosphatase, SpoIIE, which converts the inactive, phosphorylated form of SpoIIAA back to the active form. SpoIIE is required for proper asymmetric division and much of the protein is sequestered into the prespore during septation. Importantly, activation of sigmaF is dependent on formation of the asymmetric septum. We have now characterized this morphological checkpoint in detail, using strains affected in cell division and/or spoIIE function. Surprisingly, we found that significant dephosphorylation of SpoIIAA occurred even in the absence of septation. This shows that the SpoIIE phosphatase is at least partially active independent of the morphological event and also that cells can tolerate significant levels of unphosphorylated SpoIIAA without activating sigmaF. We also describe a spoIIE mutant in which the checkpoint is bypassed, probably by an increase in the dephosphorylation of SpoIIAA. Taken together, the results support the idea that sequestration of SpoIIE protein into the prespore plays an important role in the control of sigmaF activation and in coupling this activation to septation.
Endothelial alterations in hypercholesterolemia: more than simply vasodilator dysfunction. (1998)

Occlusive vascular disease begins with an alteration of the endothelium, which is characterized by a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) activity. Endogenous NO inhibits many key processes in atherogenesis, including monocyte adherence, platelet activation, and smooth muscle proliferation. The mechanism by which NO activity is reduced in hypercholesterolemia and in other metabolic disorders associated with atherogenesis appears to be multifactorial. It includes increased production of oxygen-derived free radicals, alterations in NO synthase, and the accumulation of endogenous inhibitors (ADMA) of NO synthase. Plasma concentrations of ADMA are elevated in hypercholesterolemic humans. Elevated ADMA concentrations are associated with impaired endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated vasodilatation and reduced urinary nitrate exertion. These effects of ADMA are counteracted by administration of the NO precursor L-arginine. It is likely that basic insights regarding the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction will lead to new therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.
A Simple Two-Channel LED Driver With Automatic Precise Current Sharing (2011)

A simple rectifying circuit for an isolated two-channel LED driver without active current-sharing control is proposed. An alternating current source can be used to generate a two-channel LED driver with the proposed rectifying structure. With the proposed H-bridge rectifier and a block capacitor in series with the secondary side winding of the transformer, the currents in two LED strings are shared automatically even for different LED strings with different voltage drops. The operation principle of the rectifier is analyzed with a sinusoidal current source, and it is verified with a series-parallel resonant ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LLC</i> ) dc/dc converter. This proposed rectifier can be applied to other converters featuring a high-frequency current source link.
Sequences in the 3'-untranslated region of the human cellular glutathione peroxidase gene are necessary and sufficient for selenocysteine incorporation at the UGA codon (1993)

Glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) is one of a unique group of prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes that contain the unusual amino acid selenocysteine. The genes for these selenoproteins encode for the atypical amino acid at a TGA codon (UGA in the mRNA transcripts), which normally functions as a termination signal. The present studies analyzed the functional importance of sequences in the coding and 3'-untranslated regions of transcripts of the primary human cellular glutathione peroxidase gene (GPX1) to the insertion of selenocysteine at this UGA codon. Deletions in potential stem-loop or hairpin structures in the coding region did not substantially diminish incorporation of selenocysteine into glutathione peroxidase transiently expressed by the pCMV4 vector in COS-1 cells. However, selenocysteine insertion was completely abolished by deletion of four-nucleotide sequences in the 3'-untranslated region from within a conserved "selenocysteine insertion sequence" motif also found in the 3'-untranslated region of mammalian genes for other selenoproteins. Moreover, in constructs fusing the glutathione peroxidase 3'-untranslated region to the coding region of rab5b (an unrelated protein normally without any selenium moiety), the glutathione peroxidase 3'-untranslated region was sufficient to direct the translation of an opal (UGA) mutation as selenocysteine. Thus, our data directly demonstrate the importance of the selenocysteine insertion motif in the glutathione peroxidase gene and specifically show that sequence elements in the 3'-untranslated region are both necessary and sufficient for translational insertion of selenocysteine at a UGA codon in eukaryotic mRNA.
Active Control of Interfacial Properties:  A Comparison of Dimeric and Monomeric Ferrocenyl Surfactants at the Surface of Aqueous Solutions (1997)

The surface activity and micellization of the dimeric, ferrocenyl surfactant Fc(CH2)8N+(CH3)2(CH2)3(CH3)2N+(CH2)8Fc 2Br- (DI2+), where Fc = ferrocene = [η5-C5H5]Fe[η5-C5H5], are compared and contrasted to those of the monomeric, ferrocenyl surfactant Fc(CH2)8N+(CH3)3Br- (I+) in aqueous solution. Dimeric DI2+, when compared to I+, was measured to be surface active in aqueous solutions of 0.1 M Li2SO4 at lower concentrations (0.001 mM of DI2+ versus 0.03 mM of I+) and found to possess a lower critical micelle concentration (cmc) (0.02 mM for DI2+ as compared to 2.0 mM for I+). Linear sweep cyclic voltammograms show that the (two) ferrocenes of DI2+ oxidize independently to form ferrocenium cations. Light-scattering measurements confirm that DI2+ forms micelles in solution and that oxidation of DI2+ to DI4+ is accompanied by the disassembly of micelles. Reduction of DI4+ back to DI2+ reforms the micelles. Measurements of surface tension demonstrate that oxidation of DI2+ to DI4+ leads to desorption of surfactant from the surface of aqueous solutions. Because DI4+ was not measurably surface active at concentrations less than 0.4 mM, oxidation of DI2+ to DI4+ made possible changes in surface tension of 21 mN/m over a range of concentrations that exceeded an order of magnitude (0.02−0.4 mM). Control of the oxidation state of I+, in contrast, permits changes in surface tension of 20 mN/m at one concentration (2.0 mM) only. Dimeric redox-active surfactants in combination with electrochemical methods do, therefore, permit active control of interfacial properties of aqueous solutions over a wider range of surfactant concentrations than is possible with the corresponding monomeric redox-active surfactant. Simple models for the standard free energies of micellization and adsorption can describe the lower cmc of DI2+ as compared to I+ and the wider range of concentrations over which oxidation of DI2+ leads to changes in surface tension as compared to I+.
Characterization of CD34+ thymic stromal cells located in the subcapsular cortex of the human thymus. (1998)

In this paper we report that suspensions of human fetal thymocytes contain cells that express high levels of CD34 and Thy-1. These cells were characterized with regard to location within the thymus, phenotype, and function. Confocal laser scan analysis of frozen sections of fetal thymus with anti-CD34 and Thy-1 antibodies revealed that the double-labeled cells were located in the pericortical area. In addition, it was found that the CD34+Thy-1+ cells lacked CD45 and CD50, indicating that these cells are not of hematopoietic origin; this was confirmed by the finding that these cells could be cultured as adherent cells in a medium with cholera toxin and dexamethasone, but failed to grow in mixtures of hematopoietic growth factors. Further analysis indicated that most cultured CD34+Thy-1+ cells expressed cytokeratin (CK) 14 but lacked CK 13, suggesting that these cells are immature epithelial cells. Cultured CD34+Thy-1+ cells were able to induce differentiation of CD1-CD34+CD3-CD4-CD8- thymic precursors into CD4+CD8+ cells in a reaggregate culture in the absence of exogenous cytokines. The CD4+CD8+ cells that developed in these cultures did not express CD3, indicating that CD34+Thy-1+ thymic stromal cells are not capable of completing full T cell differentiation of thymic hematopoietic progenitor cells.
New Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes From a Southern Australian Marine Sponge, <i>Dictyodendrilla</i> sp. (1995)

Chemical investigation of a Dictyodendrilla sp. from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, yielded three new oxygenated sesquiterpenes, dictyodendrillin -A (6), -B (7) and -C (8), together with the known sesquiterpene dendrolasin (9). Structures for all these metabolites were established by spectroscopic analysis.
Mouse models of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (2011)

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Despite advances in genetic and biochemical analyses, the incidence of breast cancer and its associated mortality remain very high. About 60 - 70% of breast cancers are Estrogen Receptor alpha (ER-α) positive and are dependent on estrogen for growth. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have therefore provided an effective targeted therapy to treat ER-α positive breast cancer patients. Unfortunately, development of resistance to endocrine therapy is frequent and leads to cancer recurrence. Our understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the development of ER-α positive tumors and their resistance to ER antagonists is currently limited due to lack of experimental models of ER-α positive breast cancer. In most mouse models of breast cancer, the tumors that form are typically ER-negative and independent of estrogen for their growth. However, in recent years more attention has been given to develop mouse models that develop different subtypes of breast cancers, including ER-positive tumors. In this review, we discuss the currently available mouse models that develop ER-α positive mammary tumors and their potential use to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ER-α positive breast cancer development and endocrine resistance.