gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of <i>Erwinia amylovora</i> Exopolysaccharides Amylovoran and Levan to Biofilm Formation: Implications in Pathogenicity (2009)

Erwinia amylovora is a highly virulent, necrogenic, vascular pathogen of rosaceous species that produces the exopolysaccharide amylovoran, a known pathogenicity factor, and levan, a virulence factor. An in vitro crystal violet staining and a bright-field microscopy method were used to demonstrate that E. amylovora is capable of forming a biofilm on solid surfaces. Amylovoran and levan production deletion mutants were used to determine that amylovoran was required for biofilm formation and that levan contributed to biofilm formation. In vitro flow cell and confocal microscopy were used to further reveal the architectural detail of a mature biofilm and differences in biofilm formation between E. amylovora wild-type (WT), Deltaams, and Deltalsc mutant cells labeled with green fluorescent protein or yellow fluorescent protein. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of E. amylovora WT cells following experimental inoculation in apple indicated that extensive biofilm formation occurs in xylem vessels. However, Deltaams mutant cells were nonpathogenic and died rapidly following inoculation, and Deltalsc mutant cells were not detected in xylem vessels and were reduced in movement into apple shoots. These results demonstrate that biofilm formation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of E. amylovora.
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on New Oxadiazole and Pyrazoline Derivatives (2000)

The bilayer heterojunction devices were fabricated successfully by using a novel oxadiazole derivative: 2, 2'-(2,5-thiophenediyl) bis (5-(4-methyl) phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (T-OXD) as the electron-transporting layer (ETL) and a pyrazoline derivative:1-phenyl-3-(dimethylamino)styryl-5-(p-(dimethylamino) phenyl)pyrazoline (PDP) as the light-emitting layer and the hole-transporting layer. The emission at 500 nm was derived from PDP layer. In comparison with the bilayer device of tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq) as the ETL, the luminous efficiency of the PDP/T-OXD heterojunction device was enhanced by 104 times.
CS-8958, a Prodrug of the Novel Neuraminidase Inhibitor R-125489, Demonstrates a Favorable Long-Retention Profile in the Mouse Respiratory Tract (2009)

CS-8958 is a prodrug of the pharmacologically active form R-125489, a selective neuraminidase inhibitor, and has long-acting anti-influenza virus activity in vivo. In this study, the tissue distribution profiles after a single intranasal administration of CS-8958 (0.5 micromol/kg of body weight) to mice were investigated, focusing especially on the retention of CS-8958 in the respiratory tract by comparing it with R-125489 and a marketed drug, zanamivir. After administration of [(14)C]CS-8958, radioactivity was retained in the respiratory tract over long periods. At 24 h postdose, the radioactivity concentrations after administration of [(14)C]CS-8958 were approximately 10-fold higher in both the trachea and the lung than those of [(14)C]R-125489 and [(14)C]zanamivir. The [(14)C]CS-8958-derived radioactivity present in these two tissues consisted both of unchanged CS-8958 and of R-125489 at 1 h postdose, while only R-125489, and no other metabolites, was detected at 24 h postdose. After administration of unlabeled CS-8958, CS-8958 was rapidly eliminated from the lungs, whereas the lung R-125489 concentration reached a maximum at 3 h postdose and gradually declined, with an elimination half-life of 41.4 h. The conversion of CS-8958 to R-125489 was observed in mouse trachea and lung S9 fractions and was inhibited by esterase inhibitors, such as diisopropylfluorophosphate and bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate. These results demonstrated that CS-8958 administered intranasally to mice was efficiently converted to R-125489 by a hydrolase(s) such as carboxylesterase, and then R-125489 was slowly eliminated from the respiratory tract. These data support the finding that CS-8958 has potential as a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor, leading to significant efficacy as an anti-influenza drug by a single treatment.
Methylation of p16(INK4a) promoters occurs in vivo in histologically normal human mammary epithelia. (2003)

Cultures of human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) contain a subpopulation of variant cells with the capacity to propagate beyond an in vitro proliferation barrier. These variant HMECs, which contain hypermethylated and silenced p16(INK4a) (p16) promoters, eventually accumulate multiple chromosomal changes, many of which are similar to those detected in premalignant and malignant lesions of breast cancer. To determine the origin of these variant HMECs in culture, we used Luria-Delbrück fluctuation analysis and found that variant HMECs exist within the population before the proliferation barrier, thereby raising the possibility that variant HMECs exist in vivo before cultivation. To test this hypothesis, we examined mammary tissue from normal women for evidence of p16 promoter hypermethylation. Here we show that epithelial cells with methylation of p16 promoter sequences occur in focal patches of histologically normal mammary tissue of a substantial fraction of healthy, cancer-free women.
The identification and resolution of semantic heterogeneity in multidatabase systems (2002)

Several aspects are given of the Remote-Exchange project at USC, which focuses on the controlled sharing and exchange of information among autonomous, heterogeneous database systems. The spectrum of heterogeneity which may exist among the components in a federation of database systems is examined, and an approach to accommodating such heterogeneity is described. An overview of the Remote-Exchange experimental system is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reduction of Hepatic Glucose Production as a Therapeutic Target in the Treatment of Diabetes (2005)

There has been an alarming increase in the population diagnosed with diabetes worldwide. Although there is an ongoing debate as to the role of liver in the pathogenesis of diabetes, reduction of hepatic glucose production has been targeted as a strategy for diabetes treatment. Indeed, reduction of hepatic glucose production can be achieved through modulation of both hepatic and extra-hepatic targets. This review describes the role of the liver in the control of glucose homeostasis. Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are pathways for glucose production, whereas glycolysis and glycogenesis are pathways for glucose utilization/storage. At the biochemical and molecular level, the metabolic and regulatory enzymes integrate hormonal and nutritional signals and regulate glucose flux in the liver. Modulating either activities of or gene expression of these metabolic enzymes can control hepatic glucose production. Dysfunction of one or several enzyme(s) due to insulin deficiency or resistance results in increases in fluxes of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and/or decreases in fluxes of glycolysis and glycogenesis, which thereby lead to glucose generation exceeding glucose consumption/disposal, as well as dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Activation of enzymes that promote glucose utilization/storage and/or inhibition of enzymes that reduce glucose generation achieve reduction of hepatic glucose production, and hence lower levels of plasma glucose in diabetes. This is also beneficial for the correction of dyslipidemia. Therefore, many enzymes are viable therapeutic targets for diabetes.
Low-loss ultra-high-Q dark mode plasmonic Fano metamaterials (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate a planar terahertz Fano metamaterial with an ultrahigh quality (Q) factor of 227. This is achieved by the excitation of the nonradiative dark modes by introducing a tiny asymmetry in the metamaterial structure. The extremely sharp quadrupole and Fano resonances are excited at normal incidence for orthogonal polarizations of the electric field. In order to capture the narrow linewidth of the dark resonance modes, we perform high resolution terahertz time-domain measurements with a scan length of 200 picoseconds and frequency resolution of 5 GHz. These high-Q metamaterials can be used in ultrasensitive label-free terahertz sensing, dense photonic integration, and narrowband filtering.
Enzymatic fractionation and enrichment of n−9 PUFA (2003)

Abstract A single‐cell oil from a Mortierella alpina mutant (TGM17 oil) contains n−9 PUFA: 14.3 wt% 6,9‐octadecadienoic acid (18∶2n−9; n−9 LnA) and 17.1 wt% Mead acid (20∶3n−9; MA). Lipase screening indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase acted strongly on n−9 LnA and weakly on MA, and Candida rugosa lipase acted weakly on the two PUFA. Hence, fractionation and enrichment of the two FA were conducted with the lipases. The first step was selective hydrolysis of IGM17 oil with P. aeruginosa lipase. The hydrolysis fractionated the oil into FFA containing 20.4 wt% n−9 LnA and 6.3 wt% MA, and acylglycerols containing 10.7 wt% n−9 LnA and 23.7 wt% MA. The FFA fraction was used for preparation of n−9 LnA‐rich FFA. After removal of saturated FA, the FFA were esterified with lauryl alcohol (LauOH) using C. rugosa lipase. Two selective esterifications increased the n−9 LnA content to 54.0 wt% with 38.2% recovery of the initial content of TGM17 oil. The acylglycerol fraction obtained in the hydrolysis with P. aeruginosa lipase was used for preparation of MA‐rich FFA. The acylglycerol fraction was hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions, and saturated FA were eliminated by urea adduct fractionation. Two selective esterifications of the FFA with LauOH increased the MA content to 60.2 wt% with 53.5% recovery. Thus, the two‐step enzymatic process was effective for fractionation and enrichment of n−9 LnA and MA.
Use of triphones for demisyllable-based speech synthesis (1991)

The authors describe a novel speech synthesis unit, called a triphone, which is being incorporated into demisyllable-based synthesis systems for Hindi and English. The triphone unit consists of a vowel-consonant-vowel combination and is being used for synthesizing intervocalic consonants of short duration. Results show that the triphone is useful for the synthesis of certain intervocalic consonants which cannot be well modeled using the standard demisyllable approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE METHOD OF OPENING, ORIENTATION AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE TREMADOCIAN ACRITARCH, <i>ACANTHODIACRODIUM UBUI</i> MARTIN (1970)

Summary A study of large populations of Acanthodiacrodium ubui Martin from the Habberley Shales (Tremadoc) of Shropshire reveals the presence of cyst-openings which vary in position and shape in different specimens. These openings exercise a disruptive effect on individuals and the resultant breakage patterns suggest that they are related to a complex set of sutures, one or more of which may be operative in a given cyst. Reconstruction of the suture pattern reveals a tabulate organism capable of orientation.
Simulation of interaction between wind farm and power system (2002)

A dynamic model of the wind farm Hagesholm has been implemented in the dedicated power system simulation program DIgSILENT.The wind farm consists of six 2MW NM2000/72 wind turbines from NEG-Micon.The model has been verified using simultaneous power quality measurements on the 10 kV terminals of a single wind turbine and power performance measurements on two wind turbines.The verification shows a generally good agreement between simulations and measurements, although the simulations at higher wind speeds seem to underestimate the power and voltage fluctuations.A way to improve the simulation at higher wind speeds is suggested.
Frame Registration of In-Vehicle Normal Camera with Omni-Directional Camera for Self-Position Estimation (2008)

We propose a method for frame registration between in-vehicle omni-directional and normal cameras aimed at self-position estimation of a vehicle. We assume that the position of a vehicle is estimated by frame registration between the inputted normal camera images and the omni-directional video database with accurate position information. A DTW- based algorithm is used for nonlinear time-series matching because we consider that time-series information contributes to robustness. According to an evaluation experiment, the proposed method showed precise self-position estimation ability.
On-chip gain reconfigurable 1.2V 24&#x03BC;W chopping instrumentation amplifier with automatic resistor matching in 0.13&#x03BC;m CMOS (2012)

Motivated by low-voltage, low-power and small-size requirements of biomedical and energy scavenging circuits, this work introduces a fully integrated instrumentation amplifier (IA) running at 1.2V with a power consumption of only 24μW. A direct current feedback structure (DCFB) with rail-to-rail output swing is proposed along with a precision reference generation for on-chip resistor trimming. Thus, gain reconfiguration is achieved while guaranteeing low gain error over mismatch, process and temperature variations.
Formation, Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Zr-Nb-Cu-Ni-Al Bulk Metallic Glasses (2006)

Bulk Zr62−xNbxCu15.4Ni12.6Al10 (x=0–10 at%) glassy alloys were prepared via copper mould casting. XRD, DSC, SEM and compression test show appropriate niobium addition can enhance the glass forming ability (GFA) and thermal stability of these alloys. The bulk amorphous alloy with x=2.5 displays the largest temperature interval of supercooled liquid region (ΔTx) up to 105 K and the largest γ value 0.428. However, the largest critical diameter is not achieved at x=2.5 but at x=5 instead, indicating a larger ΔTx and γ value does not necessarily mean a higher glass-forming ability. At x=10, no glass transition but crystallization takes place, suggesting too much Nb may promote crystallization. The compression test shows increasing Nb content increases the strength and reduces the plasticity of the Zr62−xNbxCu15.4Ni12.6Al10 glassy alloy, which is apparently attributed to the decrease in the number of microstructural heterogeneities in the metallic glasses, resulting in much less severe multiplication and interaction of shear bands.
A Monolithic Micro Four-Bar Mechanism With Flexure Hinges (2004)

A monolithic micro four-bar mechanism was fabricated in silicon to examine motion amplification as well as the effect of non-ideal geometric profiles in its flexure hinges. Through-wafer deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) was used to produce high-aspect-ratio flexure joints that allow compliant motion within the plane of a silicon wafer. The flexures were approximately 20 microns wide and 530 microns deep, micromachined through the entire wafer thickness. A taper angle of approximately 0.5 degree narrowing toward the bottom of the wafer was measured in the flexure cross section. A finite element model was developed to predict the output rotation of one link in response to the displacement applied at the drive link. For a 1-micron linear input, the model predicted a 0.39-degree angular displacement for the output link. This showed close agreement with experimental data that measured 0.41 degree. An enhanced finite element model that accounted for the tapered cross-section, however, predicted a slightly smaller input/output relation of 0.37 degree per micron.
Treatment of Scars: A Review (1997)

Hypertrophic scars and keloids occur as the result of an exaggerated wound healing response of the skin following injury. In addition to presenting a cosmetic concern, hypertrophic scars and keloids may be painful or pruritic and may restrict range of motion. There is no universally accepted treatment modality resulting in permanent hypertrophic or keloid scar ablation. Atrophic scars secondary to surgery, trauma, and common conditions such as acne vulgaris and varicella may also be disfiguring. This review discusses the etiology and clinical course of hypertrophic, keloid, and atrophic scars. The vast array of treatment modalities which have been implemented in an effort to eradicate scars are reviewed. The advent and development of laser technology represents perhaps the most promising treatment modality for the cosmetic and functional improvement of cutaneous scars.
Experiences and challenges running CERN's high capacity tape archive (2015)

CERN's tape-based archive system has collected over 70 Petabytes of data during the first run of the LHC. The Long Shutdown is being used for migrating the complete 100 Petabytes data archive to higher-density tape media. During LHC Run 2, the archive will have to cope with yearly growth rates of up to 40-50 Petabytes. In this contribution, we describe the scalable setup for coping with the storage and long-term archival of such massive data amounts. We also review the challenges resulting and mechanisms devised for measuring and enhancing availability and reliability, as well as ensuring the long-term integrity and bit-level preservation of the complete data repository. The procedures and tools for the proactive and efficient operation of the tape infrastructure are described, including the features developed for automated problem detection, identification and notification. Finally, we present an outlook in terms of future capacity requirements growth and how it matches the expected tape technology evolution.
Effects of peripheral high energy missile trauma on the oxygenation of lung tissue in the pig. (1997)

The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of peripheral high energy missile trauma on oxygenation of the lung tissue. Eleven pigs were randomised to either high energy gunshot wound of the soft tissues of the thigh or sham exposure. Under anaesthesia and controlled ventilation, the carotid artery and the jugular vein were catheterised and a thoracotomy was performed. A Clark-type multiwire electrode was placed on the surface of the middle lung lobe for registration of the oxygen pressure fields of the lung tissue (PtO2). In animals subjected to missile trauma, an increased heterogeneity was seen in PtO2 1 and 2 hours after exposure, specially under hypoventilatory provocation. Furthermore, PtO2 values did not return to baseline when hypoventilation was followed by normoventilation, in contrast to what was seen in the sham exposed animals. No differences between groups were found in arterial PO2, O2-saturation, PCO2, pH or in pulse frequency. These findings of disturbance in oxygenation of pulmonary tissue, may represent an early phase in the development of a lung injury resembling the post-traumatic adult respiratory distress syndrome seen in man. The initiating events could be release of mediators from traumatised tissue and/or direct effects of the shock waves from missile impact, passing through the body.
Relationship Between Quantitative CT of Pulmonary Small Vessels and Pulmonary Perfusion (2014)

Pulmonary small vessels alteration, as measured by CSA on CT images, significantly correlated with pulmonary perfusion.
Porphyrin analogues as novel antagonists of fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding that inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, tumor progression, and metastasis. (2000)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play a pivotal role in the multistep pathway of tumor progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis. We have identified a porphyrin analogue, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(methyl-4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine-tetra -p-tosylate salt (TMPP), as a potent inhibitor of FGF2 and VEGF receptor binding and activation. TMPP demonstrated potent inhibition of binding of soluble FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) to FGF2 immobilized on heparin at submicromolar concentrations. TMPP inhibits binding of radiolabeled FGF2 to FGFR in a cell-free system as well as to cells genetically engineered to express FGFR1. Furthermore, TMPP also inhibits the binding of VEGF to its tyrosine kinase receptor in a dose-dependent manner. In an in vitro angiogenic assay measuring the extent of endothelial cell growth, tube formation, and sprouting, TMPP dramatically reduced the extent of the FGF2-induced endothelial cell outgrowth and differentiation. In a Lewis lung carcinoma model, mice receiving TMPP showed a marked inhibition of both primary tumor progression and lung metastases development, with nearly total inhibition of the metastatic phenotype upon alternate daily injections of TMPP at 25 microg/g of body mass. Finally, novel meso-pyridylium-substituted, nonsymmetric porphyrins, as well as a novel corrole-based derivative, with >50-fold increase in activity in vitro, had a significantly improved efficacy in blocking tumor progression and metastasis in vivo.
Composing security policies with polymer (2005)

We introduce a language and system that supports definition and composition of complex run-time security policies for Java applications. Our policies are comprised of two sorts of methods. The first is query methods that are called whenever an untrusted application tries to execute a security-sensitive action. A query method returns a suggestion indicating how the security-sensitive action should be handled. The second sort of methods are those that perform state updates as the policy's suggestions are followed.The structure of our policies facilitates composition, as policies can query other policies for suggestions. In order to give programmers control over policy composition, we have designed the system so that policies, suggestions, and application events are all first-class objects that a higher-order policy may manipulate. We show how to use these programming features by developing a library of policy combinators.Our system is fully implemented, and we have defined a formal semantics for an idealized subset of the language containing all of the key features. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system by implementing a large-scale security policy for an email client.
Mimotopes of Viral Antigens and Biologically Important Molecules as Candidate Vaccines and Potential Immunotherapeutics (2002)

Antigen recognition by antibodies or ligand-receptor interactions involve small areas of the molecule named epitopes that are normally conformational in nature. The availability of combinatorial peptide libraries has provided a powerful tool for selecting novel sequences which mimic conformational epitopes (mimotopes) either structurally and/or immunologically. These mimotopes can be particularly useful in a number of situations, including: the development of vaccines against tumors, infectious diseases or allergic conditions; the design of molecules which can act as agonists or antagonists of various biologically-important molecules; and for the development of diagnostic assays. This article reviews the authors work on the application of combinatorial peptide libraries to identify mimotopes of protective B-cell epitopes from various pathogens, and the search for molecules able to block the biological activities of TNF-alpha, a cytokine which plays a key role in inflammation.