gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of an Anti-Compton Spectrometer for Low-Level Radioactive Wastes using Monte Carlo Techniques (2002)

Abstract An anti-Compton spectrometer with semi-2π Compton suppression is designed to identify the photons emitted from low-level radioactive wastes from radioisotope usage and nuclear research laboratory. Since the objective sample is massive and large, the system has a full opening toward the sample position. The characteristics and features of the system concerning Compton suppression and reduction of the background component due to natural radioactive source are estimated by the Monte Carlo simulations. The anti-Compton technique is shown to be quite advantageous for the reduction of the surrounding natural background radiation, as well as the suppression of the background for the higher energy photons. KEYWORDS: anti-Compton spectrometergamma radiationsystem designlow level solid radioactive wastesclearance levelMonte Carlo methodvradioisotope usagegermanium detectorNaI(Tl) detectorshielding
Efficient Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer to Basal but Not Columnar Cells of Cartilaginous Airway Epithelia (1996)

Adenoviral vectors (AdV) developed for treatment of the pulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF) can deliver, with high efficiency, transgenes to respiratory epithelial cells grown in culture. This study investigated the efficiency of AdV-mediated gene transfer to murine and human respiratory epithelium in vivo and concluded that the epithelial cells facing the lumen of the respiratory cartilaginous airways (columnar cells) are poorly transduced with AdV. Mechanical injury to the epithelium, however, leads to efficient in vivo gene transfer by exposing a susceptible epithelial subtype (basal cells). Increased gene transfer efficiency in vivo after injury is not a nonspecific response because the proliferative status of the epithelium after injury was shown not to correlate temporally to the increased transduction susceptibility of the epithelium. Although basal cells were the cell type transduced at the time of vector delivery, with time, basal cell differentiation to columnar cells occurred with maintenance of transgene expression. Collectively, these results show that murine and human cartilaginous airways are poorly transduced by AdV. To correct the cartilaginous airway CF bioelectrical defect in vivo, efforts should be directed to increase the tropism of AdV to the columnar airway epithelial cells.
A Physiologic and Pharmacologic Study of Olfactory Receptors (1965)

Olfactory receptor cells are bipolar neurons with ciliated terminals projecting into the mucus beyond the surrounding sustentacular cells. The axons of these neuroepithelial cells proceed a short distance through the region of basal cells and projections of the sustentacular cells, which are resting on a basement membrane, apparently already sheathed in small bundles (Gasser, 1956; de Lorenzo, 1963). These axons are the fibers of the primary olfactory nerve, wherein they are intimately bound by the large Schwann cells in bundles of up to many hundreds. There are no synapses or collateral connections until the fibers enter the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb in the central nervous system. Thus upon exposing the olfactory mucosa, one has millions of neural receptor cells that can be contacted in situ without further dissection. On the other hand, their axons can be got at intracranially without disturbing...
Linoleic acid suppresses colorectal cancer cell growth by inducing oxidant stress and mitochondrial dysfunction (2010)

Some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), if not all, have been shown to have tumoricidal action, but their exact mechanism(s) of action is not clear. In the present study, we observed that n-6 PUFA linoleic acid (LA) inhibited tumor cell growth at high concentrations (above 300 μM); while low concentrations (100-200 μM) promoted proliferation. Analysis of cell mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity suggested that anti-cancer action of LA is due to enhanced ROS generation and decreased cell anti-oxidant capacity that resulted in mitochondrial damage. Of the three cell lines tested, semi-differentiated colorectal cancer cells RKO were most sensitive to the cytotoxic action of LA, followed by undifferentiated colorectal cancer cell line (LOVO) while the normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were the most resistant (the degree of sensitivity to LA is as follows: RKO > LOVO > HUVEC). LA induced cell death was primed by mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Pre-incubation of cancer cells with 100 μM LA for 24 hr enhanced sensitivity of differentiated and semi-differentiated cells to the subsequent exposure to LA. The relative resistance of LOVO cells to the cytotoxic action of LA is due to a reduction in the activation of caspase-3. Thus, LA induced cancer cell apoptosis by enhancing cellular oxidant status and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction.
Cognitive vehicular communication for 5G (2015)

Device-to-device (D2D) is increasingly becoming a prominent technology within the 5G story, portrayed as a means of offloading traffic from the core network. The ever increasing demand for vehicular traffic consumption is providing the impetus for a new architectural design that can harness the benefits of D2D for vehicular users, taking a step toward offloading vehicular traffic from the core network. We propose the notion of extending D2D for vehicular scenarios with the potential to coordinate vehicular traffic using the LTE band. Furthermore, we then extend this approach by investigating cognitive radio in synergy with a geo-location database, to exploit white spaces as a means of further offloading vehicular users. Our simulation results have shown that our approach can outperform the legacy IEEE 802.11p in terms of delay.
The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System Contributes to the Hypertension in Mice Containing Both the Human Renin and Human Angiotensinogen Transgenes (1998)

We have previously shown that mice transgenic for both the human renin and human angiotensinogen genes (RA+) exhibit appropriate tissue- and cell-specific expression of both transgenes, have 4-fold higher plasma angiotensin II (AII) levels, and are chronically hypertensive. However, the relative contribution of circulating and tissue-derived AII in causing hypertension in these animals is not known. We hypothesized that the brain renin-angiotensin system contributes to the elevated blood pressure in this model. To address this hypothesis, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were measured in conscious, unrestrained mice after they were instrumented with intracerebroventricular cannulae and carotid arterial and jugular vein catheters. Intracerebroventricular administration of the selective AII type 1 (AT-1) receptor antagonist losartan (10 microgram, 1 microL) caused a significantly greater peak fall in MAP in RA+ mice than in nontransgenic RA- controls (-29+/-4 versus -4+/-2 mm Hg, P<0.01). To explore the mechanism of a central renin-angiotensin system-dependent hypertension in RA+ mice, we determined the relative depressor responses to intravenous administration of the ganglionic blocking agent hexamethonium (5 mg/kg) or an arginine vasopressin (AVP) V1 receptor antagonist (AVPX, 10 microgram/kg). Hexamethonium caused equal lowering of MAP in RA+ mice and controls (-46+/-3 versus -52+/-3, P>0.05), whereas AVPX caused a significantly greater fall in MAP in RA+ compared with RA- mice (-24+/-2 versus -6+/-1, P<0.01). Consistent with this was the observation that circulating AVP was 3-fold higher in RA+ mice than in control mice. These results suggest that increased activation of central AT-1 receptors, perhaps those located at sites involved in AVP release from the posterior pituitary gland, plays a role in the hypertension in RA+ mice. Furthermore, our finding that both human transgenes are expressed in brain regions of RA+ mice known to be involved in cardiovascular regulation raises the possibility that augmented local production of AII and increased activation of AT-1 receptors at these sites is involved.
The Regulation of Neuron-Specific Gene Expression in the Mammalian Nervous System (1995)

(1995). The Regulation of Neuron-Specific Gene Expression in the Mammalian Nervous System. Journal of Neurogenetics: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 67-101.
Diabetes insipidus secondary to Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: Is radiation therapy indicated? (1997)

Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferative disease of Langerhans' cells that has multiple clinical manifestations including diabetes insipidus (DI). This study reviews the effectiveness of hypothalamic-pituitary radiation therapy (HPRT) as a treatment of LCH-induced DI in the modern era. A retrospective review was done of 116 pediatric patients with LCH seen from 1975 to 1992. Seventeen of the 116 patients (15%) were diagnosed with complete or partial diabetes insipidus. Diagnosis was made either by water deprivation test or on clinical grounds. Fourteen patients received hypothalamic-pituitary irradiation as treatment for DI. The median interval from the onset of DI symptoms (polyuria and polydipsia) to treatment was 30 days. The median interval from the onset of diagnosis to treatment was 4 days. With a mean follow-up of 7.3 years (range, 2.4-14.3), only two patients had a complete response to therapy, as defined as no need for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) replacement therapy. No patient had a partial response, defined as a decrease in the dose of ADH replacement. Of the two responders, neither had a complete ADH deficiency, suggesting "early" disease. In addition, both received RT within 3 days. We feel that the standard treatment of RT to all patients with LCH-induced DI is no longer justified. Our series has shown no benefit in treating patients with a long history of DI. Rather, an improved rationale would be rapid initiation of hypothalamic-pituitary irradiation in patients with new symptoms of DI and an abnormal water deprivation test.
A full-wave system simulation of a folded-slot spatial power combining amplifier array (2003)

An integrated electromagnetic and circuit modeling environment is developed for a CPW-based spatial power combining array with folded slot antennas. The simulation and measurements of the effective isotropic power gain (EIPG) of an individual cell and of a 4/spl times/4 array is presented.
Requirement for kinase activity of CD4-associated p56lck in antibody-triggered T cell signal transduction. (1994)

The lymphoid-specific Src family protein tyrosine kinase p56lck (Lck) is non-covalently associated with the cytoplasmic tail of CD4 and has an essential role in T cell activation. Engagement of ligand by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) is followed by rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins, including phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC) and the TCR-associated CD3 zeta polypeptides. Tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC gamma 1 results in activation of PLC and subsequent phosphatidylinositol turnover. We have studied the effects of the CD4-associated Lck molecule on TCR-mediated activation of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) pathway in a murine T cell hybridoma. Antibodies against CD3 elicited the expected PTK activation, which was enhanced upon co-cross-linking of CD4. In contrast, anti-TCR-alpha beta antibodies had no effect on the PTK pathway unless CD4 was co-cross-linked. Antibody cross-linking of CD4 alone failed to induce the same pattern of tyrosine phosphorylation. Similar results were obtained when a chimeric protein consisting of the extracellular and transmembrane domains of CD4 linked to the intracellular Lck molecule was used in place of CD4. The tyrosine kinase activity of Lck was essential for the activity of the chimeric protein. Cross-linking of the CD4/Lck chimera to a CD8/zeta chimeric molecule also facilitated induction of the PTK pathway with anti-CD8 antibodies. Moreover, the interaction of the two chimeric proteins, either in vitro or in vivo, resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of CD8/zeta. The effects of CD4/Lck on tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of PLC correlated well with the effects on PTK activation. Our results suggest that the Lck molecule positively regulates the TCR-coupled PTK pathway by phosphorylating tyrosines on the TCR-associated CD3 zeta polypeptides.
Cleansing ability and tolerance of three bowel preparations for colonoscopy (1997)

The regimen of Group C is significantly better than the regimens of Groups A or B in bowel cleansing. Regimens of Groups A and B did not differ in efficacy of cleansing. It is the timing of taking NaPh in the regimen of Group C rather than its composition that is responsible for its superior cleansing ability compared with PEG. Overnight deposition of small intestinal material in the right colon is partly responsible for the inferior cleansing ability of regimens that involve taking the solution on the day before colonoscopy. Despite a higher incidence of minor side-effects from NaPh than from PEG, a significantly higher proportion of patients preferred NaPh.
Feature extraction algorithm for fill level and cap inspection in bottling machine (2011)

Automated Visual Inspection Systems (AVIS) have a strong ability to improve bottle manufacturing quality control by means of inspecting products automatically instead of through manual inspections. AVIS automatically tends to make a suitable decision in process and results classification according to the images of the products via image processing and Artificial Intelligence techniques. Since bottling is one of the most common packaging styles in the food and medical industries, in this paper we will concentrate on the visual inspection of bottles. Checking the quality of the cap closure and over-filling/under-filling checks for the level of the liquid in the bottle have been investigated to reach an optimized bottle product. Therefore, in this research general hardware and modules for these systems are investigated. Besides, new techniques of bottle inspection are reviewed along with presenting previous work of other researchers. Subsequently we will propose a feature extraction algorithm to inspect cap closure and level of the liquid in the bottle together, in the same system. According to the new proposed method, our system classifies three situations for cap condition and three situations for the condition of the level of the liquid. As a result the system has investigated 9 situations. The algorithm of the system will accept its system when the liquid level is in the correct position and the cap is in the normal condition. Other situations will be rejected. The proper algorithm which is proposed here using bottle visual inspection techniques leads our system to reach an optimized liquid level with a high quality of the cap closure.
<title>Polarization sensing for target acquisition and mine detection</title> (2000)

Previous infrared polarization imaging research has shown manmade objects to be sources of emitted and reflected polarized radiation while natural backgrounds are predominantly unpolarized. The prior work underscored the dramatic improvements in signal to clutter ratio that could be achieved in a typical target acquisition scenario using polarization sensing techniques. Initial investigations into the polarization signatures of surface scattered mines have also shown polarization techniques are able to provide strong cues to mine presence. The US Army Night Vision and Electronics Sensors Directorate has developed complete Stokes imaging polarimeters in the midwave infrared (MWIR, 3-5 µm)1,2, the short wave infrared (SWIR, 1-2 µm) and the visible wavebands in order to investigate polarization phenomenology and to quantify expected improvements to target acquisition and mine detection. This paper will review the designs of the polarization cameras and will summarize efforts to calibrate them. An example phenomenology study of MWIR polarization from surface scattered landmines will be presented.
Insulin stimulates SGLT2-mediated tubular glucose absorption via oxidative stress generation (2015)

Our present study demonstrated that insulin could stimulate SGLT-2-mediated glucose entry into cultured proximal tubular cells via oxidative stress generation. Suppression of the insulin-induced overexpression of SGLT2 in tubular cells might be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
The Valine Catabolic Pathway in Human Liver: Effect of Cirrhosis on Enzyme Activities (1996)

The activities of key enzymes in the valine catabolic pathway--branched-chain aminotransferase, branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, methacrylyl (MC)-coenzyme A (CoA) hydratase (crotonase), and 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA (HIB-CoA) hydrolase--were measured in normal and cirrhotic human livers. Unlike rat liver, which does not contain branched-chain aminotransferase, the aminotransferase activity in the normal liver was measurable and is increased somewhat in cirrhosis of the human liver. The total activity of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex in the normal human liver was approximately 1% of that in rat liver, and 20% to 30% of the complex was in the active form in both normal and cirrhotic livers. Only the actual activity of the enzyme was significantly decreased by cirrhosis. These results suggest that human liver is less active than rat liver in the catabolism of branched-chain amino and alpha-keto acids. Activities of MC-CoA hydratase and HIB-CoA hydrolase in human liver were very high compared with that of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, suggesting an important role for these enzymes in catabolism of a potentially toxic compound, MC-CoA, formed as an intermediate in the catabolism of valine and isobutyrate. Cirrhosis resulted in a significant decrease in HIB-CoA hydrolase activity but had no effect on the citrate synthase activity, suggesting that the decrease in HIB-CoA hydrolase activity does not reflect a general decrease in mitochondria but that it may contribute to cellular damage that culminates in liver failure.
3D Scalable, Wake-up Free, and Highly Reliable FRAM Technology with Stress-Engineered HfZrO<sub>x</sub> (2019)

The major challenge of FRAM scaling is to maintain high polarization density on the vertical sidewall of 3D ferroelectric capacitors. We reported a CMOS-compatible HfZrO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> FRAM technology that shows a wake-up free character, 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> /10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> endurance cycles, extrapolated 10-year retention at 105°C/85°C, and initial P <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> = 25/18 μC/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for 2D/3D FRAM, respectively. The strain effect at atomic interfaces is considered by the density functional theory (DFT) simulation. Two simple yet effective methods, stress engineering and optimized interface orientation, are proposed to facilitate preferential transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic phase. The test chip of 2T2C 3D FRAM demonstrates a fast sensing speed of 17 MHz at V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> of 4V.
Hydrates of Hydrocarbons (1997)

Gas hydrates physical-chemical aspects properties of hydrates mechanisms of hydrate formation technological appellations of hydrates natural hydrates of gases.
Ultrastructure of human sperm acrosome and determination of acrosin activity under conditions of semen preservation. (1974)

Electron microscopical studies of cryopreserved human spermatozoa show considerable ultrastructural changes of the acrosome in spite of the use of a cryoprotective agent (10% glycerol), as compared with fresh semen and with glycerolated semen before freezing. A nearly complete loss of the plasma membrane and a partial removal of the outer acrosomal membrane with depletion of the acrosomal content is observed whereas the inner acrosomal membrane and the equatorial segment remain intact. Simultaneous determinations of the activity of the proteolytic penetration enzyme acrosin (EC 3.4.21.10) before and after addition of glycerol and immediately after freezing and thawing reveal a significant increase of the extractable acrosin activity in glycerol-treated and in cryopreserved spermatozoa compared with the fresh material. The results indicate an association of the acrosin with the inner acrosomal membrane and/or the equatorial segment.
Protocol and control mechanisms to save terminal energy in IEEE 802.16 networks (2005)

The IEEE 802.16-2004 standard (formerly 802.16d) has been approved to provide last-mile connectivity to fixed locations by radio links. Although the IEEE committee is working on a future 802.16e standard to support terminal mobility, we believe that adding mobility support to the present standard will offer a significant business opportunity for service providers by enabling them to serve a large pool of potential users whose laptops and PDAs are 802.16-2004 enabled. In our prior work, we have shown how to reuse commands from the 802.16-2004 standard to support handoff between access points without any change to the standard. However, given that the mobile terminals will be severely constrained by battery life, it is essential that new protocols and control mechanisms be devised to save terminal energy, based on the existing 802.16-2004 standard. To achieve this objective, in the present paper we propose protocols and use existing 802.16-2004 commands to put mobile terminals to "sleep" (to save energy) when they are idle, and "wake them up" when there is traffic destined for them. We also demonstrate how this "sleep/wakeup" cycle can is compatible with the handoff process.
Highly differentiated CD4 T cells Unequivocally Identify Primary Resistance and Risk of Hyperprogression to PD-L1/PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Lung Cancer (2018)

Abstract The majority of lung cancer patients are refractory to PD-L1/PD-1 blockade monotherapy. This therapy may even accelerate progression and death in a group of patients called hyperprogressors. Here we demonstrate that the efficacy of PD-L1/PD-1 blockade therapy relies on baseline circulating highly-differentiated CD28 − CD27 − CD4 T cells (T HD cells), which segregate patients in two non-overlapping groups. T HD cells in cancer patients mostly comprised of central memory subsets that potently co-upregulated PD-1 and LAG3 upon antigen recognition. Low baseline T HD numbers unequivocally identified intrinsic non-responders and hyperprogressors, whom aberrantly responded to therapy with a potent systemic proliferative T HD cell burst. Responder patients showed significant reductions in systemic CD4 T HD cells throughout therapy linked to expansion of the CD28+ CD27+ CD4 T cell compartment. Quantification of T HD cells from peripheral blood samples prior to therapy allows identification of non-responders, hyperprogressors and responders, a critical issue in clinical oncology. These results place CD4 T cell responses at the center of anti-tumor immunity.