gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corin I555(P568) Allele Is Associated With Enhanced Cardiac Hypertrophic Response to Increased Systemic Afterload (2007)

Corin activates pro-A-type naturetic peptide and pro-B-type naturetic peptide into biologically active molecules. We recently identified a minor allele in the corin gene defined by 2 highly linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (T555I and Q568P), which was associated with hypertension in blacks. Because of the direct antihypertrophic effects of the natriuretic peptide system, we hypothesized that the minor corin I555(P568) allele would be associated with an enhanced hypertrophic response to pressure overload. The relationship between systolic blood pressure and indexed left ventricular mass, derived from cardiac MRI, was analyzed in the Dallas Heart Study as a function of corin allele status. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis was used as a validation cohort. All of the analyses were limited to self-identified blacks without treatment for hypertension. In addition, we genotyped 2114 markers highly informative for African ancestry in the Dallas Heart Study and derived a covariate representing African ancestry for multivariate models. In adjusted analysis, the corin I555(P568) allele was an independent predictor of left-ventricular mass in subjects with elevated systolic blood pressure. Linear spline regression analysis confirmed a significant interaction (P=0.002) between the corin I555(P568) allele and systolic blood pressure as a predictor of left ventricular mass in subjects with systolic blood pressure >120 mm Hg, and this nonlinear interaction was replicated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. In the Dallas Heart Study, the corin I555(P568) allele was also associated with an increased odds for prevalent left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of untreated hypertension. These data suggest that the corin I555(P568) allele represents a cardiac hypertrophy-sensitizing genetic locus in systemic hypertension.
CD11b/CD18-coated microspheres attach to E-selectin under flow (2000)

Neutrophils can attach to E-selectin under flow. Proposed ligands for E-selectin carry SLe(x)-type glycans. The leukocyte beta2 integrins are glycosylated with SLe(x). Thus, we speculated that beta2 integrins could support attachment to E-selectin. To test this hypothesis, we coated 10-microm-diameter microspheres with purified CD11b/CD18 (alphaMbeta2) and investigated the adhesion of the resulting alphaMbeta2 microspheres to E-selectin. Under in vitro flow conditions, the alphaMbeta2 microspheres attached to Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing E-selectin (CHO-E) and 4-h interleukin-1beta-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). At a shear stress of 1.8 dynes/cm2, the attachment events were eliminated by pretreatment of the cellular monolayers with a mAb to E-selectin. alphaMbeta2 microspheres did not attach to untransfected CHO cells or unactivated HUVEC at 1.8 dynes/cm2. Taken together, the results strongly suggest that the CD11b/CD18-E-selectin bond has sufficient biophysical properties to mediate attachment of neutrophil-sized particles to E-selectin under flow.
Hot-Water Drive (1967)

As hot water for secondary recovery need only fulfill injection requirements, supply and treatment problems are less severe than those of steam-boiler feed water. Salt water can usefully be employed and may even be of advantage in the case of swelling clays. Field observations and laboratory studies indicate a very efficient heat utilization. Under suitable conditions, at least 50% more oil may be recovered than with cold-water drive. There is doubt about the ultimate recovery because of a tendency to lateral instabilities. Preventive measures to combat this tendency are discussed.
Proteasomes Can Either Generate or Destroy MHC Class I Epitopes: Evidence for Nonproteasomal Epitope Generation in the Cytosol (1998)

Proteasomes have been implicated in the production of the majority of peptides that associate with MHC class I molecules. We used two different proteasome inhibitors, the peptide aldehyde N-acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-norleucinal (LLnL) and the highly specific inhibitor lactacystin, to examine the role of proteasomes in generating peptide epitopes associated with HLA-A*0201. Neither LLnL nor lactacystin was able to completely block the expression of the HLA-A*0201. Furthermore, the effects of LLnL and lactacystin on the expression of different categories of specific epitopes, TAP independent vs TAP dependent and derived from either cytosolic or membrane proteins, were assessed. As predicted, presentation of two TAP-dependent epitopes was blocked by LLnL and lactacystin, while a TAP-independent epitope that is processed in the endoplasmic reticulum was unaffected by either inhibitor. Surprisingly, both LLnL and lactacystin increased rather than inhibited the expression of a cytosolically transcribed and TAP-dependent peptide from the influenza A virus M1 protein. Mass spectrometric analyses of in vitro proteasome digests of a synthetic 24 mer containing this epitope revealed no digestion products of any length that included the intact epitope. Instead, the major species resulted from cleavage sites within the epitope. Although cleavage at these sites was inhibitable by LLnL and lactacystin, epitope-containing species were still not produced. We conclude that proteasomes may in some cases actually destroy epitopes that would otherwise be destined for presentation by class I molecules. These results suggest that some epitopes are generated by nonproteasomal proteases in the cytosol.
The electrical characterization of tantalum capacitors as MIS devices (2008)

Electrical characteristics of a new class of tantalum capacitor are presented. Specifically, this type of tantalum capacitor is manufactured by KEMET Electronics Corporation and utilizes Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiolphene) (PEDOT) as the cathode material. There are two capacitor varieties based on the polymerization method used for the PEDOT. One uses In-Situ polymerization, and the other uses Pre-Polymerization. Existing polymer Ta capacitors use In-Situ polymerization while Pre-Polymerization is a new technique of cathode application. We investigated both types of devices to determine what, if any, performance benefits were gained by using Pre-Poly. \t\t\tIn a basic form Ta capacitors consist of a Ta anode, Ta2O5 dielectric, and PEDOT cathode polymerized to be a semiconductor. Based on the simplified representation of the capacitor materials these devices were investigated as MIS structures and C-V, I-t, and I-V measurements were made. C-V measurements were used to observe characteristics of MIS operation in the devices. Measurements were made from room temperature down to 100K in attempts to suppress the leakage current in these devices. I-t and I-V measurements were used to identify dominating leakage current mechanisms. The Poole-Frenkel Effect, the Schottky Effect, and Space-Charge-Limited Current were observed in In-Situ polymerized devices, while the Poole-Frenkel Effect, the Schottky Effect, and Fowler-Nordheim Tunneling were observed in Pre-Poly devices. Overall, both devices showed voltage dependent capacitance. The Pre-Poly devices generally had lower levels of leakage current. However, due to differing properties of the polymer in each case In-Situ devices exhibited less capacitance loss at low temperatures.
Using neural nets to recognize handwritten/printed characters (2002)

A handwritten character recognition system implemented by a stochastic neural net (SNN) is presented. The learning process in this neural model incorporates the stochastic information extracted from the trained characters. The merit of SNN lies in the fast learning speed obtained through an online learning algorithm, in contrast to offline learning algorithms. This SNN has been applied to design an experimental adaptive character recognition system. This system can recognize handwritten/printed English and Chinese characters. According to preliminary experimental results, the recognition rates are about 90 approximately 94% and 80 approximately 85% for English and Chinese characters, respectively. The system is capable of learning while recognizing new patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Signal transduction in vasculogenesis and developmental angiogenesis (2011)

The vasculature is a highly specialized organ that functions in a number of key physiological tasks including the transport of oxygen and nutrients to tissues. Formation of the vascular system is an essential and rate-limiting step in development and occurs primarily through two main mechanisms, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Both vasculogenesis, the de novo formation of vessels, and angiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from pre-existing vessels by sprouting, are complex processes that are mediated by the precise coordination of multiple cell types to form and remodel the vascular system. A host of signaling molecules and their interaction with specific receptors are central to activating and modulating vessel formation. This review article summarizes the current state of research involving signaling molecules that have been demonstrated to function in the regulation of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, as well as molecules known to play a role in vessel maturation, hypoxia-driven angiogenesis and arterial-venous specification.
Electrical Properties of Mg/La, Mg/Nb Co-Doped (Ba<sub>0.7</sub>Sr<sub>0.3</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films Prepared by Metallo-Organic Deposition Method (2001)

(Ba 0.7 Sr 0.3 )TiO 3 (BST) thin films doped with La, Nb and Mg ions along with an Mg/La, Mg/Nb codopant were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates by the metal-organic deposition method. A decrease of grain size, dielectric constant, and leakage current with increasing doping levels was observed for all studied cases. The grain size, dielectric constant and leakage current increased with increasing annealing temperatures for specimens doped with a single dopant. However, the leakage current was reduced to a minimum for the codoped materials at the donor/acceptor compensated concentration and decreased with increasing annealing temperatures. The decreased leakage current of the codoped materials could be explained by the additional barrier height and width of the insulating layer caused by the defect dipoles around grain boundaries.
Risk of Institutionalization Among Community Long-Term Care Clients With Dementia (1997)

South Carolina Community Long-Term Care (CLTC) data were used to identify factors increasing the risk of institutionalization in people with dementia. Clients diagnosed with dementia and observed at least twice between June 1993 and December 1994 (N = 786) were studied. Logistic regression determined that clients with a decline in ADL function who were white, had a nonrelative or child as a caregiver, and were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease were at increased risk of institutionalization. Identifying CLTC clients at increased risk of institutionalization could be useful in designing additional interventions to prevent institutionalization or in planning the transition to institutional care.
Synthesis, characterization, and mercury adsorption properties of hybrid mesoporous aluminosilicate sieve prepared with fly ash (2013)

A novel hybrid mesoporous aluminosilicate sieve (HMAS) was prepared with fly ash and impregnated with zeolite A precursors. This improved the mercury adsorption of HMAS compared to original MCM-41. The HMAS was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and <sup>29</sup>Si and <sup>27</sup>Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectra. These showed that the HMAS structure was still retained after impregnated with zeolite A. But the surface area and pore diameter of HMAS decreased due to pore blockage. Adsorption of mercury from aqueous solution was studied on untreated MCM-41and HMAS. The mercury adsorption rate of HMAS was higher than that of origin MCM-41. The adsorption of mercury was investigated on HMAS regarding the pH of mercury solution, initial mercury concentration, and the reaction temperature. The experimental data fit well to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Dublin-Radushkevich isotherm and the characterization show that the mercury adsorption on HMAS involved the ion-exchange mechanisms. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters suggest that the adsorption process was endothermic in nature. The adsorption of mercury on HMAS followed the first order kinetics.
Energy transfer from an excited dye molecule to the surface plasmons of an adjacent metal (1979)

The probability for direct energy transfer from a dye molecule to the surface plasmons (SP) on a nearby metal is calculated using the classical Sommerfeld model. For 600-nm emission from a dipole-oriented ⊥ to an Ag surface, the peak SP coupling probability is 93% at a distance of 120 nm from the metal. The coupling is demonstrated in experiments with an Ag film between a rhodamine–methanol solution and a high-index prism. The SP-coupled radiation produces an intense cone of radiation in the prism, each frequency component of which satisfies the SP dispersion relation.
Screening of cell death genes with a mammalian genome-wide RNAi library (2010)

We report the construction and application of a mammalian genome-wide RNAi library. The oligodeoxynucleotides encoding approximately 200,000 shRNA sequences that targeted 47,400 human transcripts were inserted into a lentivirus vector pFIV-H1-puro, and a pool of pseudovirus particles with a complexity of approximately 200,000 were used to infect target cells. From the cells surviving apoptogenic Fas stimulation, four candidate shRNA sequences were obtained that provided resistance to Fas-induced cell death, including two shRNAs for caspase-8, an shRNA for Bid, and an shRNA for Fas. The reconstructed shRNAs with these sequences were shown to reduce expression of the respective gene products and increase survival after Fas stimulation. When similar selection was performed for tunicamycin-induced apoptosis, no shRNA strongly inhibiting tunicamycin-induced cell death was isolated, although a few reconstructed shRNAs led to a slight increase of survival. Thus, this genome-wide shRNA library proved useful for selection of genes that are involved in cell death, but some limitation was also revealed.
Static Fatigue Limit with Particular Reference to Glass (1976)

After a review of the literature on the static fatigue limit, it was concluded that the normal method for its determination, using time‐to‐rupture data, is inadequate. There are very few experimental demonstrations of the existence of a true fatigue limit, and it is difficult to measure its value with any statistical confidence. An alternative experimental approach is suggested which is based on measuring the change in strength distribution of a representative sample after a high‐temperature anneal under a fixed tensile stress. This stress weakens weak specimens in the as‐received distribution, whereas strong specimens gain in strength. Those specimens whose strength remains constant demonstrate the existence of a fatigue limit and can be used to calculate a numerical value. The results are analyzed on the basis of the Charles‐Hillig stress corrosion theory, which has been slightly modified to facilitate the examination of the parameters associated with the fatigue limit. This analysis relates the static fatigue limit to the effective surface energy appropriate to the fatigue mechanism, i.e. corrosion caused by water vapor. Some implications of the modified model are discussed.
703. The ortho: para-ratio in aromatic substitution. Part II. Chlorination with t-butyl hypochlorite (1961)

D. R. Harvey and R. O. C. Norman, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 3604 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610003604
Correction of geometric artifacts on cone-beam CT system (2010)

Computer tomography (CT) image geometric artifacts are a kind of the pseudo-image not existing in the detected object, which could result in a serious degradation of image quality. Geometric artifacts are imported by the discrepancies between the geometric structure of cone-beam CT and the ideal structure of reconstruction algorithm. Analyzing the FDK algorithm, there are seven parameters that describe the irregular cone-beam structure. These parameters can be calculated by the calibration phantom's projections, using related methods. And geometric calibration can be implemented in two ways: interpolation and modification of original FDK formula. At last, this method is applied on the Micro-CT system of our laboratory and proved to be effective for the correction of the geometric artifacts.
High-Frequency Giant Magneto-Impedance in Co-Rich Amorphous Wires and Films. (1995)

The giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect is consid- ered for the case of high frequencies, when domain wall motion is strongly damped and magnetization proceeds mainly via the rotation of magnetic moments. The theoretical approach is based on the skin effect in a magnetic conductor with the rotational permeability tensor. In the case of a strong skin effect, the rotational mechanism of GM1 in a transverse magnetic structure is found to result in an impedance change of as much as 100% in magnetic fields of the order of the anisotropy field. The high-frequency response of impedance is generally larger than that associated with the magne- tization via the wall movement. The theoretical results agree satisfactorily with existing experimental data obtained for Co-rich amophous wires and films.
POLYPHENOLS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CASHEW NUTS FROM CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC CULTIVATION IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF PROCESSING (2013)

This research aimed to determine the total extractable polyphenols and the antioxidant activity of cashew nut obtained from conventional and organic cultivation. The study was performed with cashew nuts collected at four stages of processing: after shelling, before peeling, after peeling and during packaging. The antioxidant activity was measured by the methods with the radicals ABTS•+ and DPPH• and by the β-carotene/linoleic acid system. The nuts collected in the steps after shelling and before peeling presented higher antioxidant activity than those collected after peeling and during packaging. Little variation occurred in the content of total extractable polyphenols and antioxidant activity by ABTS•+ and DPPH• assays between the two cultivation methods studied.
REDUCTIVE DEOXYGENATION OF ALCOHOLS VIA ESTERS WITH TRIPHENYLSILANE UNDER NEUTRAL CONDITIONS (1986)

Abstract Treatment of carboxylic esters derived from alcohols with triphenylsilane in the presence of a radical generator at 140 °C gave the corresponding hydrocarbons in good yield.
Effect of static magnetic fields on bacteria: Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli (2000)

Biological effect of static magnetic field was investigated by using ferrite magnets to conduct a magnetic field exposure experiment on three species of bacteria: Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The effects were evaluated by culturing the bacteria and determining their growth rate, the maximum numbers of bacteria, and [3H]-thymidine incorporation. The results showed that the ferrite magnet caused strength-dependent decreases in the growth rate and growth maximum number of bacteria for S. mutans and S. aureus when cultured under anaerobic conditions, but that their growth was not inhibited under aerobic conditions. In addition, [3H]-thymidine was added after culturing each of the species of bacteria for 18 h. After that, culture was continued until 24 h, and changes in [3H]-thymidine incorporation were investigated. But no effect of the magnetic fields was detected. These findings suggested that oxygen related to growth the cases of S. mutans, S. aureus. However, no growth effects were detected on E. coli cultures.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases PhaC1 and PhaC2 from Pseudomonas stutzeri 1317 had different substrate specificities (2004)

The whole polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis gene locus of Pseudomonas stutzeri strain 1317 containing PHA synthase genes phaC1Ps, phaC2Ps and PHA depolymerase gene phaZPs was cloned using a PCR cloning strategy. The sequence analysis results of the phaC1Ps, phaC2Ps and phaZPs showed high homology to the corresponding pha loci of the known Pseudomonas strains, respectively. PhaC1Ps and PhaC2Ps were functionally expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli strains and their substrate specificity was compared. The results demonstrated that PhaC1Ps and PhaC2Ps from P. stutzeri 1317 had different substrate specificities when expressed in E. coli. In details, PhaC2Ps could incorporate both short-chain-length 3-hydroxybutyrate and medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoates (mcl 3HA) into PHA, while PhaC1Ps only favored mcl 3HA for polymerization.
Selective Optical Addressing of Nuclear Spins through Superhyperfine Interaction in Rare-Earth Doped Solids (2018)

In Er^{3+}:Y_{2}SiO_{5}, we demonstrate the selective optical addressing of the ^{89}Y^{3+} nuclear spins through their superhyperfine coupling with the Er^{3+} electronic spins possessing large Landé g factors. We experimentally probe the electron-nuclear spin mixing with photon echo techniques and validate our model. The site-selective optical addressing of the Y^{3+} nuclear spins is designed by adjusting the magnetic field strength and orientation. This constitutes an important step towards the realization of long-lived solid-state qubits optically addressed by telecom photons.
Collision and Obstacle Avoidance in Unmanned Aerial Systems Using Morphing Potential Field Navigation and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (2014)

This paper presents a novel approach to collision and obstacle avoidance in fixed-wing unmanned aerial systems (UASs), vehicles with high speed and high inertia, operating in proximal or congested settings. A unique reformulation of classical artificial potential field (APF) navigational approaches, adaptively morphing the functions' shape considering six-degrees-of-freedom (6DOF) dynamic characteristics and constraints of fixed-wing aircraft, is fitted to an online predictive and prioritized waypoint planning algorithm for generation of evasive paths during abrupt encounters. The time-varying waypoint horizons output from the navigation unit are integrated into a combined guidance and nonlinear model predictive control scheme. Real-time avoidance capabilities are demonstrated in full nonlinear 6DOF simulation of a large unmanned aircraft showcasing evasion efficiency with respect to classical methods and collision free operation in a congested urban scenario.