gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modal identification of Di Wang Building under Typhoon York using the Hilbert–Huang transform method (2003)

Abstract The Di Wang Building is one of the tallest composite buildings in the world, located in downtown Shenzhen City of China about 2 km from the Hong Kong border. On 16 September 1999, Typhoon York – that is the strongest typhoon since 1983 and the typhoon of longest duration on record – attacked Hong Kong and Shenzhen. The wind and structural monitoring system installed in the Di Wang Building timely recorded wind and structural response data. The newly emerged Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) method in conjunction with the random decrement technique (RDT) is applied to the measured data in this paper to identify dynamic characteristics of the building. A series of natural frequencies and modal damping ratios of the building under different wind speeds in different directions are identified and compared with those from the fast Fourier transform (FFT)‐based method. The variations of natural frequency, total modal damping ratio and net structural modal damping ratio with wind speed and vibration amplitude are also investigated. The results show that the natural frequencies identified by the HHT method are almost the same as those obtained by the FFT‐based method. The first two modal damping ratios given by the HHT method are, however, lower than those by the FFT‐based method, which may indicate that the FFT‐based method overestimates the modal damping ratios. Both the total and the net structural modal damping ratios increase with increasing wind speed and vibration amplitude but the situation is reversed for the natural frequency. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decreased expression of claudin-1 correlates with recurrence status in breast cancer (2007)

Claudins (CLDNs) constitute the major transmembrane proteins of tight junctions. It may be hypothesized that changes in or loss of expression of tight junctional proteins such as CLDNs can lead to cellular disorientation and detachment, which is commonly seen in neoplasia. Recent studies have suggested that claudin-1 (CLDN1) plays an important role in invasion and metastasis and claudin-4 (CLDN4) has a particular role in mammary glandular cell differentiation and carcinogenesis. In this study, we examined 83 breast cancer cases and demonstrated immunohistochemical expression patterns of CLDN1/CLDN4 in recurrent and non-recurrent groups. We found significant results between the recurrent and non-recurrent group for expression of CLDN1/CLDN4. The recurrent group (26 cases) showed decreased expression patterns of CLDN1 (p<0.001), compared to the non-recurrent group (57 cases). Decreased expression of CLDN1 (p<0.0001) correlated with short disease-free interval. The lymph node metastasis-positive group showed decreased expression patterns of CLDN1 (p=0.001). However, there was no significance between the recurrent group and non-recurrent group in CLDN4 expression. There was no significance between histological factors and CLDN4 expression. The results indicated that CLDN1 expression correlated with the recurrence status and malignant potential of breast cancer.
PRISMATICA: Toward Ambient Intelligence in Public Transport Environments (2004)

On-line surveillance to improve safety and security is a major requirement for the management of public transport networks and other public places. The surveillance task is a complex one involving people, management procedures, and technology. This work describes an architecture that takes into account the distributed nature of the detection processes and the need to allow for different types of devices and actuators. This was part of a major European initiative on intelligent transport systems. Because of the dominant nature of closed circuit television in surveillance, This work describes in detail a computer-vision module used in the system and its particular ability to detect situations of interest in busy conditions. The system components have been implemented, integrated, and tested in real metropolitan railway environments and are considered to be the first step toward providing ambient intelligence in such complex scenarios. Results are presented that not only deal with detection performance, but also on the perception of people who used the system on its effectiveness and potential impact.
Essential role of the tyrosine kinase substrate phospholipase C-γ1 in mammalian growth and development (1997)

The activation of many tyrosine kinases leads to the phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1). To examine the biological function of this protein, homologous recombination has been used to selectively disrupt the Plcg1 gene in mice. Homozygous disruption of Plcg1 results in embryonic lethality at approximately embryonic day (E) 9.0. Histological analysis indicates that Plcg1 (-/-) embryos appear normal at E 8.5 but fail to continue normal development and growth beyond E 8.5-E9.0. These results clearly demonstrate that PLC-gamma1 with, by inference, its capacity to mobilize second messenger molecules is an essential signal transducing molecule whose absence is not compensated by other signaling pathways or other genes encoding PLC isozymes.
Image acceleration of highly charged ions on metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces (1997)

Very slow, highly charged ions impinging on metal surfaces are known to be accelerated by their image and to drop irremediably on the surfaces which they touch or slightly penetrate. We present experiments which demonstrate that above insulators or semiconductors, at normal incidence, the ions are backscattered at a certain distance from the surface and do not touch it. This finding is explained by the transient buildup of positive charges due to the removal of valence electrons, which overcome the acceleration of the ion by its own image. This effect is found to cancel out at grazing incidence.
A miniaturized implantable antenna for GPS application (2006)

A miniature Hilbert inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is proposed for implantable device application in the 1575 MHz Global Positioning System (GPS) frequency band. The antenna when subcutaneously implanted will help locate the elderly with declining mental capacity (Alzheimer's disease) with the use of an implanted GPS receiver. Such an antenna can also be implanted under the skin of potential kidnap victims. The antenna investigated in this paper is sandwiched between two pieces of standard biocompatible materials, macor (epsi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> = 6.1) and silicon (epsi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> = 3.1). The proposed antenna occupies a surface area of 7.7 mm by 3 mm and has a bandwidth of 2.8% within 2.5:1 VSWR
The Effect of High Pressure Techniques on the Stability of Anthocyanins in Fruit and Vegetables (2017)

Anthocyanins are a group of phenolic compounds responsible for red, blue and violet colouration of many fruits, vegetables and flowers. The high content of these pigments is important as it influences directly their health promoting properties as well as the sensory quality of the product; however they are prone to degradation by, inter alia, elevated temperature and tissue enzymes. The traditional thermal methods of food preservation cause significant losses of these pigments. Thus, novel non-thermal techniques such as high pressure processing, high pressure carbon dioxide and high pressure homogenization are under consideration. In this review, the authors attempted to summarize the current knowledge of the impact of high pressure techniques on the stability of anthocyanins during processing and storage of fruit and vegetable products. Furthermore, the effect of the activity of enzymes involved in the degradation of these compounds has been described. The conclusions including comparisons of pressure-based methods with high temperature preservation techniques were presented.
DCT/IDCT processor design for high data rate image coding (1992)

Computation of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and its inverse (IDCT) at a high data rate is considered. The issues involved in the design of special-purpose VLSI processors are discussed, and an 8*8 2-D DCT/IDCT processor chip that can be used for high rate image and video coding is presented. A recently published algorithm for computing the DCT and its inverse is outlined. The processor architecture based on the algorithm is presented. Details of functional units and special circuits are discussed. The 8*8 2-D DCT/IDCT processor chip measures 7.9*9.2 mm/sup 2/. It is designed using the MOSIS 2 mu m scalable CMOS technology. It takes 16-b inputs. uses 16-b internal memory for coefficients and data, and generates 16-b outputs. A single input line determines if the chip computes the DCT or the IDCT. The chip is highly pipelined with a latency of 127 cycles and a maximum delay time of 18 ns between any two pipeline stages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The molecular basis of carbon‐starvation‐induced general resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

At the onset of starvation Escherichia coli undergoes a temporally ordered program of starvation gene expression involving 40-80 genes which some four hours later yields cells possessing an enhanced general resistance. Two classes of genes are induced upon carbon starvation: the cst genes, requiring cyclic AMP, and the pex genes, not requiring this nucleotide for induction. The cst genes are not involved in the development of the resistant state and are concerned with escape from starvation, while the pex gene induction appears to be associated with resistance. Many of the latter are induced in response to a variety of starvation conditions. They include heat shock and oxidation resistance genes, and some utilize minor, stationary-phase-specific sigma factors for induction during starvation. The protective role of stress proteins may be due to their ability to rescue misfolded macromolecules. The starvation promoters can be potentially useful for selective expression of desired genes in metabolically sluggish populations, e.g. in high-density industrial fermentations and in situ bioremediation.
Research on nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds. <b>XIX</b>: Synthesis of 8<i>H</i>‐imidazo[2,1‐<i>c</i>]‐<i>s</i>‐triazolo[4,3‐<i>a</i>]‐[1,4]benzodiazepine and its 1‐derivatives (1993)

Abstract Reaction of 2‐nitrobenzyl iodide with 1 H ‐imidazole, in the presence of potassium tert ‐butoxide and 18‐crown‐6, gave 1‐(2‐nitrobenzyl)‐1 H ‐imidazole. Trichloroacetylation of this compound furnished trichloroacet‐ylimidazole 8 , which on treatment with sodium ethoxide was transformed into the corresponding ethoxycarbonyl derivative 9 . Catalytic reduction of the nitro group to the amino group yielded 10 , which was then cyclized to 10,11‐dihydro‐11‐oxo‐5 H ‐imidazo[2,1‐ c ][1,4]benzodiazepine 11. Treatment of this lactam with di‐4‐morpholinylphosphinic chloride followed by reaction of the intermediate 12 with formylhydrazine gave the title compound or its 1‐derivatives when acetylhydrazine or isonicotinoylhydrazine were used instead of formylhydrazine.
Individuals in the prediabetes stage exhibit reduced hippocampal tail volume and executive dysfunction (2019)

Our results support that the left hippocampal tail volume may be served as an early marker of diabetes-related brain damage, associated with executive dysfunction. Clinicians should pay closer attention to adults in the prediabetes stage to prevent later cognitive impairment.
Front surface passivation of silicon solar cells with antireflection coating (1987)

It is demonstrated that the deposition and postdeposition sintering of an antireflection (AR) coating in hydrogen acts to passivate silicon solar cells. Cells with and without an SiO2 passivating layer, coated with a TiOx/Al2O3 AR coating showed comparable enhancements in short-wavelength spectral response and in open-circuit voltage Voc after sintering at 400 °C for 5 min in a hydrogen ambient. The improvement in Voc of cells without SiO2 is attributed to front surface passivation by the AR coating during processing.
Use of the internet for health information: United States, 2009. (2011)

Research has shown that 74% of all U.S. adults use the Internet, and 61% have looked for health or medical information on the Internet. Additionally, 49% have accessed a website that provides information about a specific medical condition or problem. In 2009, the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) became the first nationally representative household survey to collect data on the use of health information technology when the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation sponsored 10 questions that asked about use of the Internet to look up health information, refill a prescription, schedule a medical appointment, learn about health topics in online chat groups, and e-mail a health care provider. This report provides estimates, using 2009 NHIS data, about adult use of the Internet for health information in the past 12 months, by selected sociodemographic characteristics.
Online measurement of fabric mechanical properties: compressional behavior (2003)

Compressional behavior of fabrics is important in most end uses. The traditional compression testers such as KESF (Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics) and FAST (Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing) systems are used to perform offline static measurements. The principle of online measurement of compressional behavior being developed is based on the analysis of fabric deformation while the fabric moves through a nip formed by a pair of rollers, one of which is controlled by a motor and is attached to a load cell. The specimen being tested is moved continuously through the measurement system, while it is deformed in compression at a constant rate in the nip area. The load-displacement relation of the fabric is then obtained as a function of time. Assuming a stepwise anisotropic behavior in the thickness direction, the fabric stress-strain relation in compression is obtained.
The Object-Oriented Thought Process (2000)

The Object-Oriented Thought Process, Fourth Edition An introduction to object-oriented concepts for developers looking to master modern application practices Object-oriented programming (OOP) is the foundation of modern programming languages, including C++, Java, C#, Visual Basic .NET, Ruby, and Objective-C. Objects also form the basis for many web technologies such as JavaScript, Python, and PHP. It is of vital importance to learn the fundamental concepts of object orientation before starting to use object-oriented development environments. OOP promotes good design practices, code portability, and reusebut it requires a shift in thinking to be fully understood. Programmers new to OOP should resist the temptation to jump directly into a particular programming language (such as Objective-C, VB .NET, C++, C# .NET, or Java) or a modeling language (such as UML), and instead first take the time to learn what author Matt Weisfeld calls the object-oriented thought process. Written by a developer for developers who want to make the leap to object-oriented technologies, The Object-Oriented Thought Process provides a solutions-oriented approach to object-oriented programming. Readers will learn to understand the proper uses of inheritance and composition, the difference between aggregation and association, and the important distinction between interfaces and implementations. While programming technologies have been changing and evolving over the years, object-oriented concepts remain a constantno matter what the platform. This revised edition focuses on interoperability across programming technologies, whether you are using objects in traditional application design, in XML-based data transactions, in web page development, in mobile apps, or in any modern programming environment. Programmers who aim to create high quality softwareas all programmers shouldmust learn the varied subtleties of the familiar yet not so familiar beasts called objects and classes. Doing so entails careful study of books such as Matt Weisfelds The Object-Oriented Thought Process. Bill McCarty, author of Java Distributed Objects, and Object-Oriented Design in Java Contents at a Glance 1 Introduction to Object-Oriented Concepts2 How to Think in Terms of Objects3 Advanced Object-Oriented Concepts4 The Anatomy of a Class5 Class Design Guidelines6 Designing with Objects7 Mastering Inheritance and Composition8 Frameworks and Reuse: Designing with Interfaces and Abstract Classes9 Building Objects and Object-Oriented Design10 Creating Object Models11 Objects and Portable Data: XML and JSON12 Persistent Objects: Serialization, Marshaling, and Relational Databases13 Objects in Web Services, Mobile Apps, and Hybrids14 Objects and Client/Server Applications15 Design Patterns
A study of heart rate and heart rate variability in human subjects exposed to occupational levels of 50 Hz circularly polarised magnetic fields (1999)

The effects of power-frequency magnetic fields on heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) were studied in groups of adult volunteers. Exposure consisted of 28 microT (280 mG) at 50 Hz (circularly polarized) for 100 or 150 seconds either following or prior to a similar period of sham-exposure. A small but significant slowing of heart rate of the order of 2% was observed in two separate studies in which the fields were generated by continuous sinusoidal currents. Magnetic fields generated by square-wave currents or by currents turned alternatively on and off at 15 second intervals during the exposure period produced inconsistent effects on heart rate. Analysis of the HRV spectra in relation to continuous sinusoidal exposure showed a consistent reduction in the ratio of power in the Low Band (0.02-0.15 Hz) to the High Band (0.16-1.0 Hz). This reduction in ratio was significant for experiments in which respiration was controlled at 0.2 Hz (12 breaths/minute) where the order was actual exposure followed by sham exposure (On-->Off). The spectral power in the Low Band was significantly reduced for both orders, but the High Band power was significantly raised only for the On-->Off order. Although there are some inconsistencies, these data indicate that short exposures to magnetic fields at occupational levels may influence heart rate control mechanisms.
Plasma remediation of trichloroethylene in silent discharge plasmas (1993)

Plasma destruction of toxins, and volatile organic compounds in particular, from gas streams is receiving increased attention as an energy efficient means to remediate those compounds. In this regard, remediation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in silent discharge plasmas has been experimentally and theoretically investigated. We found that TCE can be removed from Ar/O2 gas streams at atmospheric pressure with an energy efficiency of 15–20 ppm/(mJ/cm3), or 2–3 kW h kg−1. The majority of the Cl from TCE is converted to HCl, Cl2, and COCl2, which can be removed from the gas stream by a water bubbler. The destruction efficiency of TCE is smaller in humid mixtures compared to dry mixtures due to interception of reactive intermediates by OH radicals.
Agent-based model for friendship in social networks (2009)

A model is proposed to understand the structuring of social networks in a fixed setting such as, for example, inside a university. The friendship formation is based on the frequency of encounters and mutual interest. The model shows distinctive single-scale behavior and reproduces accurately the measurable experimental quantities such as clustering coefficients, degree distribution, degree correlation, and friendship distribution. The model produces self-organized community structures and can be described as a network of densely interconnected networks. For the friendships, we find that the mutual interest is the dominant factor, which optimizes the network and that the number of encounters determines the statistically relevant distributions.
On the Mechanism of d–f Energy Transfer in Ru<sup>II</sup>/Ln<sup>III</sup> and Os<sup>II</sup>/Ln<sup>III</sup> Dyads: Dexter‐Type Energy Transfer Over a Distance of 20 Å (2008)

We have used time-resolved luminescence methods to study rates of photoinduced energy transfer (PEnT) from [M(bipy)3]2+ (M=Ru, Os) chromophores to Ln(III) ions with low-energy f-f states (Ln=Yb, Nd, Er) in d-f dyads in which the metal fragments are separated by a saturated -CH2CH2- spacer, a p-C6H4 spacer, or a p-(C6H4)2 spacer. The finding that d-->f PEnT is much faster across a conjugated p-C6H4 spacer than it is across a shorter CH2CH2 spacer points unequivocally to a Dexter-type energy transfer, involving electronic coupling mediated by the bridging ligand orbitals (superexchange) as the dominant mechanism. Comparison of the distance dependence of the Ru-->Nd energy-transfer rate across different conjugated spacers [p-C6H4 or p-(C6H4)2 groups] is also consistent with this mechanism. Observation of Ru-->Nd PEnT (as demonstrated by partial quenching of the RuII-based 3MLCT emission (MLCT=metal-to-ligand charge transfer), and the growth of sensitised NdIII-based emission at 1050 nm) over approximately 20 A by an exchange mechanism is a departure from the normal situation with lanthanides, in which long-range energy transfer often involves through-space Coulombic mechanisms.
A specific acetylhydrolase for 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (a hypotensive and platelet-activating lipid). (1981)

1-Alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, a phospholipid with platelet activating and hypotensive properties, has an extremely labile acetate grouping. The acetate group is obviously important in the expression of the biological properties of this unique derivative of plasmanic acid since once it is hydrolyzed from the parent compound to form the lyso product, all biological activity is lost. Our studies show that the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the acetate moiety, 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: acetylhydrolase, occurs in the cytosolic fraction of a variety of tissues and has a pH optimum of 7.5 to 8.5. Effects of calcium, magnesium, EDTA, dithiothreitol, deoxycholate, and diisopropylfluorophosphate on the enzyme activity and the fact that egg phosphatidylcholine was not inhibitory indicate that acetylhydrolase activity has different properties from those normally associated with the phospholipase A2 that utilizes phospholipids with two long chain acyl groups. The highest specific activity of the acetylhydrolase occurred in kidney; lung and brain were also good sources of the enzyme. The soluble fraction from the kidney cortex had an apparent Km and Vmax of 3.1 microM and 17.8 nmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. Our results indicate that acetylhydrolase plays a significant role in the catabolism of 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.
N-Terminal T4 Lysozyme Fusion Facilitates Crystallization of a G Protein Coupled Receptor (2012)

A highly crystallizable T4 lysozyme (T4L) was fused to the N-terminus of the β(2) adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) for catecholamines. We demonstrate that the N-terminal fused T4L is sufficiently rigid relative to the receptor to facilitate crystallogenesis without thermostabilizing mutations or the use of a stabilizing antibody, G protein, or protein fused to the 3rd intracellular loop. This approach adds to the protein engineering strategies that enable crystallographic studies of GPCRs alone or in complex with a signaling partner.