gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous quantification of serum phytosterols and cholesterol precursors using a simple gas chromatographic method (2012)

Abstract Determination of the main phytosterols (Ps, β‐sitosterol and campesterol) and cholesterol precursors (desmosterol and lathosterol) in human serum using a simple GC‐FID method has been validated. Direct saponification, without lipid extraction, sterols extraction, and further derivatization was applied to samples prior to GC analysis. To evaluate the method, a pool of serum samples from eight healthy women was used. Good linearity ( r >0.99) was found in the assay range: β‐sitosterol (0.99–17.82 µg/mL), campesterol (0.14–10.8 µg/mL), desmosterol (0.17–2.6 µg/mL), and lathosterol (0.6–5.97 µg/mL). Limits of detection (ng/mL) were: 86 (β‐sitosterol), 42 (campesterol), 4 (desmosterol), and 44 (lathosterol). Accuracy, estimated by recovery assays (%), were: 113 (β‐sitosterol), 114 (campesterol), 111 (desmosterol), and 102 (lathosterol). Within and between precision values (%), expressed as the relative SD (RSD), were: 2.6 and 8.1 (β‐sitosterol), 1.6 and 7.2 (campesterol), 2.1 and 7.9 (desmosterol), and 4.1 and 5.8 (lathosterol), respectively. The developed methodology allowed fast (1‐day analysis) and reliable quantification of sterols in serum, required a small volume of sample and reduced use of solvents. It therefore could be used in clinical assays for the determination of serum sterols, as in evaluating the pharmacological response to lipid‐lowering agents, and in assessing biological responses to Ps‐enriched diets. Practical applications : This methodology allows fast and reliable quantification of sterols in serum, requiring a small volume of sample and reduced use of solvents. It can be used as a routine method for the quantification of phytosterols and cholesterol precursors in clinical assays, and it is also suitable for monitoring biological responses to health‐promoting phytosterol‐enriched diets.
Evaluation of an aperiodic phased array for prostate thermal therapies (2002)

A 57 element aperiodic linear phased array was designed and constructed to investigate the feasibility of using transrectal ultrasound for thermal therapeutic treatment of diseases of the prostate. A method of reducing grating lobe levels by using optimized random distributions of unequally sized elements was used, which made it feasible to use larger elements and hence fewer elements and amplifier channels, while still achieving acceptable power field patterns. The heating capabilities of this array were investigated using an ex vivo perfused kidney for hyperthermia and fresh bovine liver for thermal surgery. The experiments demonstrated that the aperiodic array was capable of generating and controlling adequate power for the purposes of hyperthermia and thermal surgery.
Hydrolysis of glycine‐containing elastin pentapeptides by LasA, a metalloelastase from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2001)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe infections in vulnerable hosts. It may produce various virulence factors including proteases. Among them, LasA possesses both elastolytic and staphylolytic (hydrolysis of pentaglycine cross-links in the cell wall peptidoglycan) activities. To understand if its elastolytic activity results from a preference for glycine-rich substrates, we studied its ability to hydrolyse the 65 pentapeptides of human tropoelastin containing at least three glycines. As demonstrated by capillary electrophoresis (CE), 22 of these peptides were hydrolysed by LasA, generally at a single peptide bond and the catalytic ratio kcat/KM was determined for most of them. The highest value was obtained for LGGGA, 59 +/- 9 min(-1) x mmol(-1) x L. The specificity of hydrolysis was elucidated by CE, liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry and, in some cases, collision activated dissociation-mass analysis of ion kinetic energy. The preferred cleavage sites are GG and GA peptide bonds, the sequence GG(cleavage site)A being especially sensitive to hydrolysis. Both positions P2 and P'2 must be occupied for hydrolysis and the presence of an amino acid in P3 (but not in P'3) significantly increases the catalytic ratio. Considering these results, about 30 GGX sequences (X: G, A or Y) of human tropoelastin could be susceptible to LasA elastolysis.
Synchronization of cooperative base stations (2008)

We consider synchronization techniques required to enhance the cellular network capacity using base station cooperation. In the physical layer, local oscillators are disciplined by the global positioning system (GPS) and over the backbone network for outdoor and indoor base stations, respectively. In the medium access control (MAC) layer, the data flow can be synchronized by two approaches. The first approach uses so-called time stamps. The data flow through the user plane and through copies of it in each cooperative base station is synchronized using a timing protocol on the interconnects between the base stations. The second approach adds mapping information to the data after the user plane processing is almost finalized. Each forward-error encoded transport block, its modulation and coding scheme and the resources where it will be transmitted are multicast over the interconnect network. Interconnect latency is reduced below 1 ms to enable coherent interference reduction for mobile radio channels.
Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the changes in serum osteoproteceri in rabbits with steroid-induced avascular osteonecrosis in the femoral head (2012)

Objective To study changes in the level of serum osteoprotecerin (OPG)in rabbits with steroid -induced avascular osteonecrosis in the femoral head(SANFH) and effects of HBO on OPG.Methods Seventy-eight New Zealand female rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups:the normal control group( n =7 ),the model group ( n =41 ) and the HBO Groups ( n =30).The model group was further divided into 4 subgroups:i.e.the M0 group (M0 refers to the time right after the establishment of the model) (n =10),the M2 group (M2 refers to 2 weeks after the establishment of the model) (n =10),the M4 group (n =10) and the M6 group ( n =11 ).The HBO Group was sub-divided into 3 groups:the 2-week HBO therapy group ( HBO2,n =7),the 4-week HBO therapy group (HBO4,n =11) and the 6-week HBO therapy group (HBO6,n =12).The model group and HBO group were treated with the injection of endotoxin and methyl-prednisolone.The HBO group was treated with HBO once a day,following establishment of the model. Blood samples were collected,2,4 and 6 weeks after the establishment of the model,to detect changes in OPG.The animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected at appropriate time points and then histomorphological observation on the femoral heads was made under the optical microscopy.Results OPG level of the group M0 (4.69 ±3.01 )ng was lower than that of the normal control group ( 13.2 ± 9.25 ) ng( P ＜ 0.05 ).OPG level of the HBO2 group was higher than that of the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05 ).No significant changes were seen in the level of OPG,when a comparison was made between HBO4 and HBO2,and OPG level for the HBO6 group reached the peak ( P ＜ 0.05 ). OPG levels of various HBO groups were all higher than those of the corresponding model groups,with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions HBO could increase OPG levels,inhibit osteoclast maturation and differentiation, and accelerate the proliferation and division of osteoblasts,and promote the repair of femoral head necrosis.

Key words: 
Steroid-induced avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head; Osteoprotecerin; Hyperbaric oxygen; Histology
Could Carbonaceous Impurities in Reduced Graphenes be Responsible for Some of Their Extraordinary Electrocatalytic Activities? (2013)

Thermally and chemically reduced graphene materials contain significant amounts of carbonaceous impurities that are similar in structure to amorphous carbon. Herein, we show that the claimed electrocatalytic activities of these materials for the oxidation of NADH, acetaminophen, and hydroquinone are mainly due to the presence of carbonaceous impurities.
Hsp-27 expression at diagnosis predicts poor clinical outcome in prostate cancer independent of ETS-gene rearrangement (2009)

This study has confirmed that, in prostate cancers managed conservatively over a period of more than 15 years, expression of Hsp-27 is an accurate and independent predictive biomarker of aggressive disease with poor clinical outcome (P<0.001). These findings suggest that apoptotic and cell-migration pathways modulated by Hsp-27 may contain targets susceptible to the development of biologically appropriate chemotherapeutic agents that are likely to prove effective in treating aggressive prostate cancers.
Hyperbranched polymers as scaffolds for multifunctional reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer agents: A route to polystyrene‐<i>core</i>‐polyesters and polystyrene‐<i>block</i>‐poly(butyl acrylate)‐<i>core</i>‐polyesters (2003)

Abstract Polydisperse hyperbranched polyesters were modified for use as novel multifunctional reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) agents. The polyester‐core‐based RAFT agents were subsequently employed to synthesize star polymers of n ‐butyl acrylate and styrene with low polydispersity (polydispersity index < 1.3) in a living free‐radical process. Although the polyester‐core‐based RAFT agent mediated polymerization of n ‐butyl acrylate displayed a linear evolution of the number‐average molecular weight ( M n ) up to high monomer conversions (>70%) and molecular weights [ M n > 140,000 g mol −1 , linear poly(methyl methacrylate) equivalents)], the corresponding styrene‐based system reached a maximum molecular weight at low conversions (≈30%, M n = 45,500 g mol −1 , linear polystyrene equivalents). The resulting star polymers were subsequently used as platforms for the preparation of star block copolymers of styrene and n ‐butyl acrylate with a polyester core with low polydispersities (polydispersity index < 1.25). The generated polystyrene‐based star polymers were successfully cast into highly regular honeycomb‐structured microarrays. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3847–3861, 2003
Action Potentirals Along the Cochlear Partition Recorded from the ear Canal in Man (1974)

By using a specially designed high-frequency masking technique as proposed by Teas et al. (1962) the derived AP curves from the human cochlea are established in response to our “standard” click at the intensities 95 and 75 dB p.e. SPL. The derived AP represents neural activities in response to the click used at various locations along the cochlear partition. The results support the theory that with decreasing click intensity the whole nerve AP consists of components generated more and more apically in the cochlea. Additional support is given by the results from clinical measurements of the whole nerve AP in patients with severe cochlea hearing loss. A logical interpretation of the results shows furthermore that the “N2”-component as presented in our whole nerve AP recordings consists mainly of components generated in the 1–4 kHz area of the cochlea. From the latency measurements of the individual derived AP components together with a curve which converts “frequency” into location along the basilar membrane the travelling-wave velocity in the human cochlea is calculated.
The Photochemical Oxidation of Zinc and Cadmium Sulfide (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Photochemical Oxidation of Zinc and Cadmium SulfideM. Glare Markham, Joan Barry, Marion Iava, and Janet HaddadCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1957, 61, 12, 1665–1668Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/j150558a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (525 KB) Get e-Alerts
Smart Sand—a wide bandwidth vibration energy harvesting platform (2009)

We propose a concept for true wide bandwidth vibration energy harvesting. Our approach exploits nonlinear stretching of fixed-fixed beams in an off-resonance mode, effectively expanding the operational frequency range well beyond the narrow bandwidth of linear resonators. Our initial prototype demonstrates operation between 160–400 Hz, without the need for frequency tuning. A simple dynamic model shows good agreement with measurements. Optimized device geometry will allow for even lower frequency operation (starting at 60 Hz) at strain levels above 1e-3 (ideal for piezoelectric transduction).
A Study of Dinitro-bis-1,2,4-triazole-1,1′-diol and Derivatives: Design of High-Performance Insensitive Energetic Materials by the Introduction of N-Oxides (2013)

In this contribution we report on the synthesis and full structural as well as spectroscopic characterization of 3,3'-dinitro-5,5'-bis-1,2,4-triazole-1,1'-diol and nitrogen-rich salts thereof. The first synthesis and characterization of an energetic 1-hydroxy-bistriazole in excellent yields and high purity is presented. This simple and straightforward method of N-oxide introduction in triazole compounds using commercially available oxone improves the energetic properties and reveals a straightforward synthetic pathway toward novel energetic 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. X-ray crystallographic measurements were performed and deliver insight into structural characteristics and strong intermolecular interactions. The standard enthalpies of formation were calculated for all compounds at the CBS-4 M level of theory, revealing highly positive heats of formation for all compounds. The energetic properties of all compounds (detonation velocity, pressure, etc.) were calculated using the EXPLO5.05 program, and the ionic derivatives show superior performance in comparison to the corresponding compounds bearing no N-oxide. All substances were characterized in terms of sensitivities (impact, friction, electrostatic) and thermal stabilities, and the ionic derivatives were found to be high thermally stable, insensitive compounds that are exceedingly powerful but safe to handle and prepare.
Dialogue on Dialogue (2001)

The text you are about to read is a dialogical text on dialogue and evaluation. It is a conversation between a group of scholars who have studied and published on the concept of dialogue and the value of dialogue for the practice of evaluation. The text is based on the field notes of a panel meeting held during a gathering of the European Evaluation Society to discuss this topic. It also contains an analysis of essays written in preparation for the panel in answer to the following carefully selected questions. What is your concept of dialogue? Why do you think dialogue is important for evaluation, especially for programme evaluation in the public sector and civil society? During an evaluation, what are the essential characteristics of a meaningful dialogue? Who participates? What do they talk about? What is the evaluator's role? What prior value commitments or facilitating conditions are necessary? What are desired outcomes? What are the most important cautions we should take when conducting a more dialogical evaluation and finally, how ‘good’ are the dialogues we conduct, and what in fact constitutes ‘good’ dialogue?
HEALTH CARE CRISIS (1997)

I wish to applaud the AJN Patient Care Survey (November). This message, carried by a magazine of AJN's stature in the nursing profession, is sure to raise the consciousness of many caregivers. The insights you expressed about the declining quality of health care coincide with my own experiences. The survey results indeed create the moral imperative to pursue the answers to this crisis. It is comforting to realize that I am not alone. Marjay Cooper, RN Broomall, PA
Electron-acceptor and electron-donor chromatographic stationary phases for the reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation and isomer identification of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-acceptor and electron-donor chromatographic stationary phases for the reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation and isomer identification of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxinsKazuhiro. Kimata, Ken. Hosoya, Takeo. Araki, Nobuo. Tanaka, Elizabeth R. Barnhart, Louis R. Alexander, Sarath. Sirimanne, Patricia C. McClure, James. Grainger, and Donald G. PattersonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 18, 2502–2509Publication Date (Print):September 15, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00066a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00066a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DBpedia spotlight (2011)

Interlinking text documents with Linked Open Data enables the Web of Data to be used as background knowledge within document-oriented applications such as search and faceted browsing. As a step towards interconnecting the Web of Documents with the Web of Data, we developed DBpedia Spotlight, a system for automatically annotating text documents with DBpedia URIs. DBpedia Spotlight allows users to configure the annotations to their specific needs through the DBpedia Ontology and quality measures such as prominence, topical pertinence, contextual ambiguity and disambiguation confidence. We compare our approach with the state of the art in disambiguation, and evaluate our results in light of three baselines and six publicly available annotation systems, demonstrating the competitiveness of our system. DBpedia Spotlight is shared as open source and deployed as a Web Service freely available for public use.
Anti-miR-33 Therapy Does Not Alter the Progression of Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice (2013)

Prolonged silencing of miR-33 fails to maintain elevated plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and does not prevent the progression of atherosclerosis in Ldlr(-/-) mice.
A hybrid sensor network for watershed monitoring (2008)

This thesis discusses the Hydrological Hybrid Communication Sensor Network (HHCSN), which is designed for in situ measurement of various hydrological properties of a watershed. HHCSN is comprised of a network of sensor strings, each of which connects up to 100 sensing nodes on a communication line as long as 100 m. Each node includes sensors that measure soil attributes of interest, as well as a microcontroller with basic communication and processing capabilities. A relay point at the surface compresses data from the nodes and wirelessly transmits it to a base station that serves as a gateway to the outside world. The base station compresses data from multiple strings and utilizes the GSM cellular infrastructure to communicate the data to a remote server and to receive software updates to be disseminated to the sensor strings. Ultra-low power design and remote maintenance result in an unattended field life of over five years. The system is scalable in area and sensor design modality, as covering a larger area would only entail the addition of sensor strings, and the nodes are designed to facilitate the interfacing of additional sensors. The system is robust, as the only exposed portion is the relay point. Data collection and transmission can be event-driven or time-driven. Battery power, which is supplemented by solar harvesting, and wireless shortand long-range communication, eliminate the need for surface wiring, significantly reducing the cost of system deployment. Currently, the estimate is a cost of less than $40 for each sensor string, which compares very favorably to the price of existing systems, most of which offer very limited in situ measurement capabilities, yet cost tens of thousands of dollars.
Ganoderic acid D (2013)

Ganoderic acid D is a major active component of Ganoderma lucidum . It inhibits the growth of numerous cancer cell lines. Metabolism of ganoderic acid D was investigated in rats after an oral dose. Major metabolic pathways included keto reduction, alcohol oxidation, dehydrogenation, hydroxylation, and sulfate and glucuronide conjugations. A total of 25 metabolites were detected in rat bile, derived from the combination of the above metabolic reactions.
Structure elucidation of the macrocyclic antibiotic lipiarmycin (1987)

By a combination of chemical degradations and 1H and 13C n.m.r. studies, the structure of the antibiotic lipiarmycin, produced by Actinoplanes deccanensis, has been elucidated. The molecule contains two glycosyl moieties, namely 2-O-methyl-4-O-homodichloro-orsellinate-β-D-rhamnose and 4-O-isobutyrate-5-methyl-β-rhamnose, attached to a 18-membered unsaturated lactone ring.
Recent developments in blood glucose sensors (2015)

Diabetes has recently become a leading cause of death worldwide. To date, although there is no means to cure or prevent diabetes, appropriate medication and blood sugar monitoring can enhance treatment efficiency, alleviate the symptoms, and diminish the complications of the condition. This review article deals with current growth areas in the market for blood glucose sensors and possible future alternatives, which are generally considered to be the point sample test and the continuous glucose monitor (CGM). Most glucose sensors are enzyme-based, whereas others are enzyme-free. The former class is sensitive and some products are extensively employed for daily self-sensing and in hospital environments as reliable diagnostic tools. The latter class, particularly the boronic acid fluorescent sensor, is facile and extremely promising. Practicality demands that all types of sensors offer accuracy, specificity, and real-time detection.