gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation and reduction kinetics of eutectic SnPb, InSn, and AuSn: a knowledge base for fluxless solder bonding applications (1998)

For microelectronics and especially for upcoming new packaging technologies in micromechanics and photonics fluxless, reliable and economic soldering technologies are needed. In this article, we consequently focus on the oxidation and reduction kinetics of three commonly used eutectic solder alloys: (1) SnPb; (2) InSn; (3) AuSn. The studies of the oxidation kinetics show that the growth of the native oxide, which covers the solder surfaces from the start of all soldering operations is self-limiting. The rate of oxidation on the molten, metallic solder surfaces is significantly reduced with decreasing O/sub 2/ partial-pressure. Using in situ Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) it could be shown for the first time, that H/sub 2/ can reduce Sn-oxide as well as In-oxide at moderate heating duration and temperatures. In the second part of this study, the results, obtained by the investigation of oxidation and reduction kinetics, are applied to flip-chip (FC) bonding experiments in vacuum with and without the injection of H/sub 2/. Wetting in vacuum is excellent but the self-alignment during flip-chip soldering is restricted. The desired, perfectly self-aligned FC-bonds have been only achieved, using evaporated and reflowed AuSn(80/20) and SnPb(60/40) after the introduction of H/sub 2/.
Using the CareMap with Health Incidents Statistics for Generating the Realistic Synthetic Electronic Healthcare Record (2016)

The de-personalised Electronic Healthcare Record (EHR) for secondary use has suffered re-identification. The Realistic Synthetic EHR (RS-EHR) is a promising solution safe from the threat of re-identification. This paper addresses the problem of generating the RS-EHR without using the real EHR by exploiting published Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) and Health Incidence Statistics (HIS). The CoMSER method takes a constraint-based approach involving: (1) formalising CPGs into the CareMap constraint and the CareMap into the State Transition Machine (STM), (2) incorporating published HIS-based constraints into the STM, and (3) exploiting domain expertise in verifying domain knowledge and creating the re-usable library of clinical notes. A preliminary evaluation of the CoMSER Method produces the RS-EHR that is considered realistic. The main contribution of this work is the approach that uses an HIS-enriched and CPG-based CareMap for generating RS-EHR with neither access to the real EHR nor using de-personalised EHR.
Enhanced antitumour activity of 15‐residue bovine lactoferricin derivatives containing bulky aromatic amino acids and lipophilic <i>N</i>‐terminal modifications (2003)

In a structure-antibacterial activity relationship study of a peptide fragment of bovine lactoferricin consisting of FKCRRWQWRMKKLGA (LFB 17-31), it was revealed that the two Trp residues were important for antibacterial activity. It has further been demonstrated that the size, shape and the aromatic character of the side chains were even more important than the Trp itself. In this study the antitumour effect of a series of LFB 17-31 derivatives are reported, in which the two Trp residues in position 6 and 8 were replaced with the larger non-coded aromatic amino acids Tbt, Tpc, Bip and Dip. The counterproductive Cys in position 3 was also substituted with these larger aromatic residues. In addition, the effect of introducing lipophilic groups of different size and shape in the N-terminal of the LFB 17-31 sequence was addressed. The resulting peptide derivatives were tested for activity against three human tumour cell lines and against normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells and fibroblasts. High antitumour activity by several of the peptides demonstrated that Trp successfully could be substituted by the bulky aromatic residues, and peptides containing the large and rigid Tbt residue in position 6 and/or 8 in LFB 17-31 were the most active candidates. The antitumour effect was even more increased by the Tbt-modified peptides when the three counterproductive amino acids Cys3, Gln7 and Gly14 were replaced by Ala. Enhanced antitumour activity was also obtained by modifying the N-terminal of LFB 17-31 with either long-chained fatty acids or bulky moieties. Thus, our results revealed that the size and shape of the lipophilic groups and their position in the peptide sequence were important for antitumour activity.
Experimental results and design guidelines derived from the testing of a 2 MW, 250 Hz, auxiliary resonant commutated pole bi-directional converter (2008)

An auxiliary resonant commutated pole (ARCP) converter, rated for an output of 2 MW at 250 Hz, has been built and has undergone preliminary tests at the University of Texas at Austin Center for Electromechanics (UT-CEM). Experimental results are reported on its testing as the bi-directional link between a power DC bus and a flywheel energy storage system. Design issues encountered in the course of development of the converter and the system are discussed and some considerations are made regarding the application of soft-switching ARCP-type converters versus their hard-switched counterpart.
Effects of Lamivudine on Replication of Hepatitis B Virus in HIV-Infected Men (1996)

Although this study was not a randomized, blinded trial, it suggests that lamivudine is active against.
Mutant <i>KRAS</i> Codon 12 and 13 Alleles in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Assessment As Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers of Response to Panitumumab (2012)

In this retrospective analysis, results across three treatment regimens suggest that patients with mutant KRAS codon 12 or 13 mCRC tumors are unlikely to benefit from panitumumab therapy. Currently, panitumumab therapy should be limited to patients with wild-type KRAS mCRC.
Wavelet Signal Processing of Magnetic Flux Leakage Signals - Implementation of a Multichannel Wavelet-Filter for Nondestructive Testing Systems in Steel Tube Mills (2009)

Magnetic flux leakage testing is one of the most important NDT methods for seamless steel tubes. In order to increase the sensitivity of the inspection, diverse signal processing techniques are already applied. As an alternative to conventional filter techniques, wavelet filtering reveals a higher separation of the signal to the noise level together with an improved adaptation to the signal structure. For the im- plementation of wavelet filtering into existing third party systems, a multichannel DSP-hardware has been developed, which is capable to filter 32 sensor signals si- multaneously. The results show a significant improvement of the signal to noise ra- tio. Furthermore, it is possible to dispend with the commonly applied differential sensor technique so that a wider range of defect types can be detected.
Effect of Oxidation on Electronic and Geometric Properties of Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

We have studied an oxidation effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). With an increasing oxygen exposure, the carbon 2p-π states at ∼3 eV below the Fermi level in the UPS spectra almost disappear, whereas the 2p-σ states around 6 eV are significantly increased. Annealing above 1000 K results in an increase of the density of states (DOSs) near the Fermi level, although a complete recovery of the 2p-π electron states is not observed. We also observe a mode around 23 eV that is associated with the collective σ+π plasmon excitation and chemisorbed C–O bonds, which is confirmed by the density functional calculations.
New Molecular Vessels:  Synthesis and Chiroselective Recognition (2000)

A new structural motif for synthetic receptors is reported. This new motif allows for the incorporation of a variety of nonracemic groups into the structure's upper rim. These stereocenters effectively transfer their asymmetry to the flexible walls of the vessel and result in handed spaces with increased stability in protic media. Their synthesis and chiroselective recognition for their guest molecules are described.
Global competition dictates local suppression in pattern rivalry (2005)

Certain pairs of visual patterns, when superimposed as if transparent, elicit a wavering percept in which one or the other pattern can enjoy temporary periods of exclusive visibility. This multistable perceptual phenomenon is called monocular rivalry or pattern rivalry (PR) and is most pronounced when the component patterns are faint and devoid of detail. The principal mechanisms that give rise to PR continue to be a topic of speculation. In the present study, we examine the determinants of exclusive dominance during PR using a novel stimulus in which a central portion is free of conflict. By observing the properties of suppression in this so-called rivalry-free region, we demonstrate that perception is driven largely by the global and holistic interpretation of the patterns, rather than by the need to resolve local spatial conflict. The suppression of this central region was often complete and varied as a function of the parameters of the global stimulus, including the size of the surround region, its ocular configuration, and stereoscopic depth ordering. Suppression also varied as a function of pattern continuity across the central region as well as with the temporal offset of the overlapping components. These findings demonstrate that the visibility or invisibility of a pattern is not fundamentally a product of local processing, but is instead shaped by the brain's global interpretive assumptions regarding the composition of the stimulus.
Targeting of cigarette advertising in US magazines, 1959-86 (1992)

Correspondence to : Dr Warner. Abstract Objective To examine whether and to what extent targeting of cigarette ad vertising has occurred in magazines in the United States from 1959 to 1986. Design Analysis of data on advertising revenues and readership demographics for 92 magazines categorized by type of magazine (women's, sports, news, high brow) and by the occupational class of the readership (crafts and trade and professional). Main outcome measures Relative share of cigarette advertising revenue for each category (the category's percentage of cigarette advertising revenues in the sample of 92 magazines divided by its percentage of total advertising revenues). Results Over the 28 years studied the relative share of cigarette advertising increased significantly in women's maga zines (0-14 to 1 11), sports magazines (1 23 to 1*76), and magazines with predomi nantly blue collar readerships (104 to 1-78). The relative share of high brow maga zines (those focusing on political and intellectual commentary and scientific matters) fell (1 36 to 0 63). By 1986 blue collar and sports magazines had shares of cigarette advertising revenue that were three quarters larger than their share of advertising revenue in general. Over the entire period relative shares of cigarette advertising revenue grew more rapidly for women's magazines than for any of the other categories studied, in part reflecting the fact that women's maga zines had the lowest relative share of cigarette advertising at the beginning of the period. Conclusion In general, our findings are consistent with commonly held beliefs about the nature of targeting in cigarette advertising.
The effect of female family planning workers on the use of modern contraception in Bangladesh (1996)

Abstract More attention should be paid to the quality of care offered by family welfare assistants instead of focusing on quantitative targets
Human cytosolic tRNase Z<sup>L</sup> can downregulate gene expression through miRNA (2009)

A long form of tRNase Z (tRNase ZL) can cleave any target RNA at any desired site under the direction of artificial small guide RNA including approximately 25-nucleotide hook-shaped RNA. Here we show that human miR-103 can form a hook structure to guide target RNA cleavage by human cytosolic tRNase ZL in vitro. In vivo analyses using luciferase mRNAs modified to contain miR-103 target sequences in their 3' untranslated regions indicated that miR-103 downregulates gene expression through directing mRNA cleavage by tRNase ZL. The present data suggest the possibility that human cytosolic tRNase ZL modulates gene expression through a subset of microRNAs in the cells.
A Novel White Laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus (1997)

Two laccase isoenzymes (POXA1 and POXA2) produced by Pleurotus ostreatus were purified and fully characterized. POXA1 and POXA2 are monomeric glycoproteins with 3 and 9% carbohydrate content, molecular masses of about 61 and 67 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, of about 54 and 59 kDa by gel filtration in native conditions, and of 61 kDa by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (only for POXA1) and pI values of 6.7 and 4.0, respectively. The N terminus and three tryptic peptides of POXA1 have been sequenced, revealing clear homology with laccases from other microorganisms, whereas POXA2 showed a blocked N terminus. The stability of POXA2 as a function of temperature was particularly low, whereas POXA1 showed remarkable high stability with respect to both pH and temperature. Both enzymes oxidize syringaldazine and ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) together with a variety of different substituted phenols and aromatic amines with the concomitant reduction of oxygen, but POXA1 is unable to oxidize guaiacol. Both enzymes were strongly inhibited by sodium azide and thioglycolic acid but not by EDTA. UV/visible absorption spectra, atomic adsorption, and polarographic data indicated the presence of 4 copper atoms/mol of POXA2 but only one copper, two zinc, and one iron atoms were found/mol of POXA1. The neutral pI and the anomalous metal content of POXA1 laccase render this enzyme unique in its structural characteristics. The lack of typical absorbance at 600 nm allows its classification as a "white" laccase.
An overview of hybrid databases (2015)

Due to increase of unstructured data most of the companies now shifting towards NoSQL, but still most of the data is perfectly relational. Till date the modeling of various software functionality can only be efficiently done using relational databases. Storing different parts of data in SQL and NoSQL is very cumbersome and requires lot of manual work to manage multiple data sources. Hence, a theoretical framework is discussed to bridge this gap between two technology through an abstraction layer.
Characterization and readout of MADPET-II detector modules: validation of a unique design concept for high resolution small animal PET (2005)

MADPET-II is a novel high-resolution, high-sensitivity three-dimensional lutetium oxyorthosilicate avalanche photodiode small animal PET scanner with a unique detector design and readout that creates new possibilities for data processing and analysis. The scanner consists of a ring of dual-layer detector modules (O71 mm), each containing a 4/spl times/8 array of 2/spl times/2/spl times/6mm/sup 3/ (front) and 2/spl times/2/spl times/8 mm/sup 3/ (back) LSO crystals that are each optically isolated and coupled one-to-one to a monolithic 4/spl times/8 APD array. Signals from each channel are individually processed using fully-integrated 16-channel, low noise, charge sensitive preamplifiers and custom integrated electronics that include a four channel shaping amplifier, peak detector and non-delay line CFD. Analog-to-digital converters and time-to-digital converters digitise the pulse height and time-stamp each event, and data are stored exclusively in list mode format. Two 32-channel detector blocks were tested in a coincidence and in a dual-layer configuration. Coincidences were sorted post-acquisition in software, allowing for maximum flexibility in the data processing. Monte Carlo simulations have calculated the system spatial resolution to be 1.1 mm FWHM. Average energy resolution for a single detector block ranged from 20.2% FWHM to 23.9% FWHM. System pulse height linearity was measured, and all channels responded with R/sup 2/>0.9988 (Pearson correlation coefficient). Intrinsic uniformity for each detector block ranged from 2.0% to 4.8% (400 keV threshold). Overall system timing resolution was measured to be 10.2 ns FWHM, with individual LORs having time resolutions as low as 4.5 ns FWHM.
The <i>alpha</i> 1/<i>alpha</i> 2 domains of class I HLA molecules confer resistance to natural killing. (1989)

The expression of transfected HLA class I Ag has previously been shown to protect human target cells from NK-mediated conjugation and cytolysis. In this same system, transfected H-2 class I Ag fail to impart resistance to NK. In this study, we have mapped the portion of the HLA class I molecule involved in this protective effect by exploiting this HLA/H-2 dichotomy. Hybrid class I genes were produced by exon-shuffling between the HLA-B7 and H-2Dp genes, and transfected into the class I Ag-deficient B-lymphoblastoid cell line (B-LCL) C1R. Only those transfectants expressing class I Ag containing the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of the HLA molecule are protected from NK, suggesting the "protective epitope" is located within these domains. Since a glycosylation difference exists between HLA and H-2 class I Ag within these domains (i.e., at amino acid residue 176), the role of carbohydrate in the class I protective effect was examined. HLA-B7 mutant genes encoding proteins which either lack the normal carbohydrate addition site at amino acid residue 86 (B7M86-) or possess an additional site at residue 176 (B7M176+) were transfected into C1R. Transfectants expressing either mutant HLA-B7 Ag were protected from NK. Thus, carbohydrate is probably not integral to a class I "protective epitope." The potential for allelic variation in the ability of HLA class I Ag to protect C1R target cells from NK was examined in HLA-A2, A3, B7, and Bw58 transfectants. Although no significant variation exists among the HLA-A3, B7, and Bw58 alleles, HLA-A2 appears unable to protect. Comparison of amino acid sequences suggests a restricted number of residues which may be relevant to the protective effect.
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of PbTe films on GaAs substrates (1992)

PbTe films on GaAs substrates were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition for the first time, at substrate temperatures as low as 300 °C. Films grown directly on GaAs below a substrate temperature of 400 °C showed (111) orientation on (100) GaAs and (100) orientation on (111) GaAs. However, above 400 °C on GaAs and on CdTe buffer layers, the films followed the orientation of GaAs and CdTe, respectively. Hall measurements showed n-type conductivity in PbTe films grown directly on GaAs regardless of the Te/Pb input gas ratio and substrate temperature. The conductivity type of PbTe films grown on CdTe buffer layers depended on the input gas ratio of Te/Pb. The resistivity measured by Hall measurement was higher than that determined from infrared data, suggesting microcracks in the films.
<i>S</i>‐Adenosylmethionine Attenuates Hepatic Lipid Synthesis in Micropigs Fed Ethanol With a Folate‐Deficient Diet (2007)

Ethanol feeding with a folate-deficient diet stimulates hepatic lipid synthesis by down-regulating adiponectin-mediated pathways of p-AMPK to increase the expression of nSREBP-1c and its targeted lipogenic enzymes. Preventing abnormal hepatic methionine metabolism by supplementing ethanol diets with SAM reduces liver triglyceride levels by up-regulation of adiponectin-mediated pathways to decrease fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis. This study demonstrates that ethanol-induced hepatic lipid synthesis is mediated in part by abnormal methionine metabolism, and strengthens the concept that altered methionine metabolism plays an integral role in the pathogenesis of steatosis.
Solid-phase synthesis of chiral 3,4-diazaphospholanes and their application to catalytic asymmetric allylic alkylation (2004)

Functionalized chiral diazaphospholanes ligate to a variety of transition metals, yielding chiral, catalytically active, metal complexes. Previous work has established that amino acid derivatization of the carboxyl groups of (R,R)-N,N'-phthaloyl-2,3-(2-carboxyphenyl)-phenyl-3,4-diazaphospholane (1) yields phosphines that are excellent ligands for palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions. Alanine functionalization is particularly effective for allylic alkylation of 1,3-dimethylallyl acetate. Standard Merrifield resins and amino acid coupling methods are used to synthesize the bead-attached phosphine having the topology bead-linker-LAla-(R,R)-1-LAla-OMe, as a 1:1 mixture of linkage isomers. Use of this supported phosphine in Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation yields 92% enantiomeric excess, matching prior solution-phase results. A 20-member collection of amino acid-functionalized phosphines on beads with the topology bead-linker-AA(2)-AA(1)-1-AA(1)-AA(2) was synthesized by using parallel solid-state methods and screened for efficacy in allylic alkylation. Resulting enantioselectivities indicate that the AA(1) position has the strongest effect on the reaction. Catalyst activities can vary widely with the nature of the phosphine ligand and the reaction conditions. Meaningful analysis of intrinsic catalytic activities awaits identification of the structure and abundance of the active catalyst.
Role of remote adaptation in perceived subjective color (1997)

Light adaptation to illumination that is presented peripherally changes the subjective color of a central Benham disk stimulus. In our experiments we kept the peripheral illumination achromatic and remote (not even adjacent to the test stimulus). Using a high-frame-rate monitor, we produced the subjective color stimulus, to our knowledge for the first time, on a computer screen in emulation of the Benham disk programs. The resulting changes in the perceived subjective color were as follows: (1) Remote adapting illumination caused a dramatic shift in the perceived subjective color with a span from red to green; (2) there was a trade-off dependence between the area and the intensity of the remote adapting illumination with respect to the perceived color of the test stimulus; (3) the effect of the remote adaptation showed no interocular interaction. This finding suggests that the effect is elicited from a low-level stage in the visual pathway. In addition, we were able to approximate experimentally the spatial profile of the contribution of the remote illumination through the shift in the perceived color. We also found an opposite general trend of color shifts that occurred when either the central stimulus luminance or the remote illumination was increased. A suggested model for the reversed color shifts trend is discussed.
Lossless current sensing in low-voltage high-current DC/DC modular supplies (2000)

New data processing ICs require low-voltage high-current supplies together with high reliability and efficiency. The use of a modular power supply would be the ideal solution, but it requires detecting the current in each module, and resistive shunts are usually used. In this paper, a new lossless current-sensing circuit is presented. This lossless current transducer is obtained by applying the technique used to compensate the parasitic inductance in resistive shunts to the filter inductor of the DC/DC power supply. The causes that can influence transducer response are investigated. The current sensing was implemented in a modular DC/DC power supply and experimental results are reported.