gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Brønsted Acid Cooperative Catalysis: Asymmetric Synthesis of <i>trans</i>-γ-Lactams (2011)

An efficient enantioselective approach to form trans-γ-lactams in up to 99% yield, 93% ee, and >20/1 dr using unactivated imines has been developed. The cyclohexyl-substituted azolium and the weak base sodium o-chlorobenzoate are most suitable for this transformation. Notably, the process involves cooperative catalysis by an N-heterocyclic carbene and a Brønsted acid.
Platelet glycoprotein IIb‐IIIa and size are increased in acute myocardial infarction (1994)

Platelet aggregation, which plays an important role in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is mediated by fibrinogen binding to the platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP)IIb-IIIa (CD41). This study measured the relative number of GPIIb-IIIa complexes on platelets from patients immediately following AMI (n = 14) compared with those from controls (n = 14). Flow cytometry was used to demonstrate that there were, on average, 20% more GPIIb-IIIa complexes on platelets after AMI compared with controls. Platelet size was also 7% greater in AMI and it is known that larger platelets are more reactive. Since platelet size and protein content are determined at thrombopoiesis the majority of these platelets must have been circulating prior to AMI. Larger platelets, with more GPIIb-IIIa may, therefore, be causally related to AMI.
Fabrication of OSOS cells by neutral ion beam sputtering (1976)

Oxide semiconductor on silicon (OSOS) solar cells have been fabricated from various indium tin oxide (In2O3)x(SnO2)1-x compositions sputtered onto p-type single crystal silicon substrates with a neutralized argon ion beam. High temperature processing or annealing was not required. The highest efficiency was achieved with x = 0.91 and was 12 percent. The cells are environmentally rugged, chemically stable, and show promise for still higher efficiencies. Moreover, the ion beam sputtering fabrication technique is amenable to low cost, continuous processing.
Nota crítica sobre (in)condicionalidade (2017)

Este artigo trata da relação entre condicionalidade e incondicionalidade detransferência direta de renda no contexto do debate mais amplo sobre justiça e reconhecimento. E começo contrapondo as ideias que dão base a duas propostasde transferênciaderenda – bolsa família e rendabásica. Defendo atesedeque a ideia de incondicionalidade por trás daproposta de renda básica esuarelação com justiça é mais complexado que se mostra à primeira vista. E para fundamentar minha defesa da renda básica incondicional, discutirei a relação entre condicionalidade eincondicionalidade à luz de três modelosteóricos:a teoriada justiça social de David Miller,a teoria do reconhecimento de Axel Honneth e a teoria da dádiva de Alain Caillé.
Phospholipid and lipopolysaccharide normal and hydroxy fatty acids as potential signatures for methane-oxidizing bacteria (1985)

The extractable ester-linked and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) normal and hydroxy fatty acids of the methylotrophic bacteria Methylosinus trichosporium 0B3B, Methylobacterium organophilum XX, grown on methane and methanol, Mb. organophilum RG and Methylomonas sp. were analysed by capillary gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Precise monounsaturated double bond position and geometry was determined by GC-MS analysis of the derivatized fatty acids. The three species were readily distinguished based on the extractable fatty acid and LPS hydroxy acid profiles. Type I and Type II methylotrophs can be separated based on the presence of 16-carbon and 18-carbon monoenoic fatty acids in the two groups of organisms, respectively. Relatively novel components, 18: 1ω8c, 18: 1ω8t, 18: 1ω7t and 18: 1ω6c were present in Ms. trichosporium, and 16: 1ω8c, 16: 1ω8t, 16: 1ω7t, 16: 1ω5c and 16: 1ω5t were detected in Methylomonas sp. These specific lipids may be used, together with other components, as signatures for these methylotrophic bacteria in manipulated laboratory and environmental samples.
Silicon compilation of algorithm structures (2002)

This paper describes the design of the Kiwi processor, which hardwires a new efficient unification algorithm for PROLOG resolution, using high-performance silicon compilers of VLSI Technology, Inc. Moreover, a new method for high-level simulation has been performed and appears to be best suited for complex design reliability check.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MetaAMC: meta learning and AutoML for model compression (2020)

Model compression reduces the computation costs of an over-parameterized network without performance damage, and channel pruning is among the predominant approaches to compress deep neural networks. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called MetaAMC combining meta learning and Auto ML for automatic channel pruning of very deep neural networks. It leverages meta learning and reinforcement learning to provide the model compression policy. Compared to not only the original AMC and MetaPruning but also the state-of-the-art pruning methods, we have demonstrated superior performances on MobileNet V1/V2 and ResNet-50.
A device for injecting solutions and suspensions into thin leaves of plants (1970)

An apparatus consisting of tongue-seizing forceps, soft rubber stoppers, and a hypodermic needle and syringe is described. It permits the flooding of areas in plant leaves by hydraulic pressure. The device has been used to permeate cereal leaves with bacterial suspensions, water, and chemical solutions.
Effects of Some S-Blocked Glutathione Derivatives on thePrevalent Glyoxalase II (a Form) of Rat Liver (1989)

The prevalent glyoxalase II (S-2-hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase, EC 3.1.2.6, a form) of rat liver cytosol has been studied with a series of seven S-blocked glutathione derivatives. At pH 7.4 and 20 degrees C, only p-nitrobenzyl-S-glutathione was found completely inactive. All the other derivatives are linear competitive inhibitors of the enzyme. Ki values using S-D-lactoylglutathione as substrate are reported. Alkyl-S-glutathiones are weak inhibitors and their inhibition increases with the decrease of the length of the alkyl chain. The best inhibitors are those glutathione derivatives which contain a thioester bond (carbobenzoxy- and p-nitrocarbobenzoxy-S-glutathione) or a carbonyl group (p-chlorophenacyl-S-glutathione). Inhibition by carbobenzoxy-S-glutathione seems to be more complex since the double reciprocal plot shows deviation from linearity at low substrate concentration.
Automatic contrast enhancement of low-light images based on local statistics of wavelet coefficients (2010)

This paper describes a new method for contrast enhancement in images of low-light or unevenly illuminated scenes based on statistical modelling of wavelet coefficients of the image. A non-linear enhancement function has been designed based on the local dispersion of the wavelet coefficients modelled as a bivariate Cauchy distribution. Within the same statistical framework, a simultaneous noise reduction in the image is performed by means of a shrinkage function, thus preventing noise amplification. The proposed enhancement method has been shown to perform very well with insufficiently illuminated and noisy images, outperforming other conventional methods, in terms of contrast enhancement and noise reduction in the output image.
A Conserved Cyclin-Binding Domain Determines Functional Interplay between Anaphase-Promoting Complex–Cdh1 and Cyclin A-Cdk2 during Cell Cycle Progression (2001)

Periodic activity of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) ubiquitin ligase determines progression through multiple cell cycle transitions by targeting cell cycle regulators for destruction. At the G(1)/S transition, phosphorylation-dependent dissociation of the Cdh1-activating subunit inhibits the APC, allowing stabilization of proteins required for subsequent cell cycle progression. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that initiate and maintain Cdh1 phosphorylation have been identified. However, the issue of which cyclin-CDK complexes are involved has been a matter of debate, and the mechanism of how cyclin-CDKs interact with APC subunits remains unresolved. Here we substantiate the evidence that mammalian cyclin A-Cdk2 prevents unscheduled APC reactivation during S phase by demonstrating its periodic interaction with Cdh1 at the level of endogenous proteins. Moreover, we identified a conserved cyclin-binding motif within the Cdh1 WD-40 domain and show that its disruption abolished the Cdh1-cyclin A-Cdk2 interaction, eliminated Cdh1-associated histone H1 kinase activity, and impaired Cdh1 phosphorylation by cyclin A-Cdk2 in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of cyclin binding-deficient Cdh1 stabilized the APC-Cdh1 interaction and induced prolonged cell cycle arrest at the G(1)/S transition. Conversely, cyclin binding-deficient Cdh1 lost its capability to support APC-dependent proteolysis of cyclin A but not that of other APC substrates such as cyclin B and securin Pds1. Collectively, these data provide a mechanistic explanation for the mutual functional interplay between cyclin A-Cdk2 and APC-Cdh1 and the first evidence that Cdh1 may activate the APC by binding specific substrates.
Performance benefits for thin film solar cells incorporating semiconductor heterostructures and light trapping (2012)

Thin film (~780 nm and ~2.5 μm thick) InGaAs/GaAs quantum well and quantum dot-in-well p-i-n single-junction solar cells with various back side reflective and diffractive structures for light trapping have been investigated. The diffractive structures have been optimized for photocurrent generation in the active device using software algorithms. Measurements and rigorous electromagnetic simulations demonstrate that the response of such device structures is significantly influenced by Fabry-Perot interference effects and that the diffractive structures improve light absorption over a broad wavelength range by coupling incident radiation to waveguide modes of the device structures. For Airmass 0 illumination and 100% carrier collection, the simulated short-circuit current density of devices with In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As/GaAs quantum wells with x ≤ 0.3 improves by up to 4.6 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (15%) relative to a GaAs homojunction device. The photocurrent improvement results equally from diffraction of light into thin film modes and from reduction of metal absorption compared to a planar reflective layer.
Optimization Study on Inflow Control Devices for Horizontal Wells in Thin Oil Column Reservoirs: A Case Study of a Well in Niger Delta (2017)

Abstract Horizontal wells have been used to maximize recovery from thin pay reservoirs but this does not eliminate early water/gas breakthrough problem due to the presence of a non-uniform inflow along the completion. This uneven inflow is as a result of non-uniform pressure losses along the completion and instance reservoir heterogeneities. The non-uniform pressure losses causes higher flow rate and early break through from the heel sections than from the toe and the occasional presence of permeability variations creates zonal variations in water and/or gas encroachment. Recent research efforts have led to the successful application of smart completions (Inflow Control Devices [ICDs] / Inflow Control Valves [ICVs]) to suppress the non-uniform inflow. The selection of optimal ICD configurations for such smart wells is normally obtained from a trial and error simulation with different configurations. A more recent study proposed a model for calculating optimal ICD strengths without flow simulations. The earlier solution with trial and error simulation is time consuming and the later solution with no flow simulation will not capture the influence of reservoir heterogeneities. This paper presents the application of a new approach to ICD optimization in a horizontal well located offshore Niger Delta. The approach involves the development of a diagnostic algorithm which utilize results from a basecase simulation with an openhole horizontal well in order to determine the optimal ICD configuration for the well. The configuration parameters specified as optimization control variables in the algorithm include ICD strengths, the total number of ICDs in the wellbore and the valves density per ICD's compartment. A comparison of recoveries is made between an open-hole completion case, identical ICDs’ configurations case and the optimized ICDs case. The case study is carried out with autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs) but the optimization's control variables are independent of the choice of ICD.
19세기 기획특집 : 이세보의 기녀등장 시조를 통해 본 19세기 사대부의 풍류양상 (2003)

20세기초 계몽담론의 가장 큰 이슈는 바로 근대성의 문제라고 할 수 있다. 일반적으로 근대성은 구체적으로 국민국가 성립, 자본주의 발달과 산업화, 개인주의, 시민사회, 합리주의적 정신 및 과학기술의 발달, 그로부터 야기된 세속화, 도시화 등으로 구현된다고 정의된다. 특히 근대성은 남성에게 다양한 의미를 부여하고 새로운 영역을 열어주었지만, 여성에게는 새로운 정체성을 부여한다면서 실제로는 전통적 가치를 재확인하고 기존의 속박에 묶어두기 일쑤였다. 그렇다면 근대의 기획 아래 형성된 수많은 계몽담론들로부터 규방가사는 완전히 자유로웠을까. 사정은 그런 것 같지 않아 보인다. 복잡한 갈등의 양상을 보이기는 하지만 규방가사 역시 근대화의 흐름 속에서 여전히 일정부분 영향을 받았던 것으로 보인다. 이 논문은 20세기 규방가사에 대한 정당한 평가가 필요하다는 의도에서 기획되었다. 특히 이 시기 규방가사는 계몽의 주체가 바로 여성이며, 작자들의 근대 체험의 양상이 어떠하느냐에 따라 그 시대인식이 달라짐을 보여주는 텍스트이다. 따라서 신문매체, 신소설 등과 더불어 근대를 이해하는 중요한 텍스트가 될 수 있다고 본다. 20세기에 창작된 규방가사의 여성작자들이 근대를 바라보는 시선을 통해 근대에 조응하는 여성들의 모습을 논의한 내용을 요약 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 규방가사의 여성들이 근대를 바라보는 시선은 복잡한 양상을 보인다. 삶의 편리를 가져오는 신문물에는 대단히 호의적인 시선을 보내면서도, 전통적 규법에 균열을 가져오는 제도나 문화에 대해서는 경계의 시선을 보인다. 우리는 흔히 근대성을 논하면 신여성만을 떠올리게 되는데, 근대가 여성들에게 반드시 긍정적인 변화를 가져온 것만은 아니다. 따라서 이 시점에서 근대가 진행되는 과정에서 전통여성들의 역할을 살펴보는 것은 중요한 의미가 있다. 둘째, 최송설당으로 대표되는 규방가사의 작자들은 전통적 충효의식과 근대적 교육의식의 공존의 양상을 보여준다. 그녀는 신교육을 받거나 신식문물의 세례를 받지는 못했다. 하지만 그녀가 보여준 주체적인 태도와 의식, 교육과 육영사업에서 보여주는 계몽적 태도 등 근대를 추동하는 또 다른 힘이 되었다고 할 수 있다. 셋째, 조애영 등으로 대표되는 규방가사의 작자들은 전통적 유교의식과 근대적 사회·역사의식의 공존을 보여준다. 도시에서 신교육을 받아 근대적 의식을 형성하기는 했지만, 그녀들이 지역과 가문에서 성장하면서 내면화한 유교적 규범은 국가와 공동체에 대한 애정 어린 시선을 견지하는 바탕이 되었다고 할 수 있다. 넷째, 규방가사의 여성들은 가문과 규방의 틀 속에서 성장하면서 학문적 문화적 교양을 갖추게 된다. 따라서 그녀들은 삶에서 대단히 견고한 윤리적 태도와 규범성을 보여준다. 하지만 평등의 문제나 문물의 발달 등에 대해서는 적극적으로 수용하는 모습을 보이기도 한다. 전통여성들이 근대의 진행을 더디게 하거나 힘들게 했다고 생각하는 것은 사실 우리의 오해나 왜곡된 일부의 모습을 지나치게 일반화한 시각은 아닐까. 근대는 어쩌면 이러한 익명의 여성들에 의해 추동되어 온 것은 아닌지 조심스럼게 논의를 제기해 보았다.
Image Knowledge Management and Rapid Precise Image-Mining Technology Investigation in Internal Cloud Computing (2009)

Internal cloud computing system can be built via constructing intra-enterprise server clusters, distributed database system, and parallel computing systems. We can define original semantic tags for digital images stored in the system or uploaded by users and store these tags in a distributed way. Then the corresponding search algorithms can be designed to help system to find the needed information promptly and accurately. And it can provide a fast image browsing interface based on the order of the degree of matching and worth to let users to choose and download the images they need. Particularly, we can build the industry-oriented, more specialized picture information base that enterprises can take advantage of. In the meantime, it can provide general-purpose users and specialized users with digital-image-related service suite. The innovation parts of this research include building intra-enterprise cloud computing system, the definition of index tags of the images based on the weight factors of various semantics and images to serve the purpose of accurately search images, and distributed storage of every copy of retrieved data in multiple databases installed on different servers to facilitate fast image-mining.
Doublecortin‐like, a microtubule‐associated protein expressed in radial glia, is crucial for neuronal precursor division and radial process stability (2007)

During corticogenesis, progenitors divide within the ventricular zone where they rely on radial process extensions, formed by radial glial cell (RG) scaffolds, along which they migrate to the proper layers of the cerebral cortex. Although the microtubule-associated proteins doublecortin (DCX) and doublecortin-like kinase (DCLK) are critically involved in dynamic rearrangement of the cytoskeletal machinery that allow migration, little is known about their role in early corticogenesis. Here we have functionally characterized a mouse splice-variant of DCLK, doublecortin-like (DCL), exhibiting 73% amino acid sequence identity with DCX over its entire length. Unlike DCX, DCL is expressed from embryonic day 8 onwards throughout the early neuroepithelium. It is localized in mitotic cells, RGs and radial processes. DCL knockdown using siRNA in vitro induces spindle collapse in dividing neuroblastoma cells, whereas overexpression results in elongated and asymmetrical mitotic spindles. In vivo knockdown of the DCLK gene by in utero electroporation significantly reduced cell numbers in the inner proliferative zones and dramatically disrupted most radial processes. Our data emphasize the unique role of the DCLK gene in mitotic spindle integrity during early neurogenesis. In addition, they indicate crucial involvement of DCLK in RG proliferation and their radial process stability, a finding that has thus far not been attributed to DCX or DCLK.
Identifying, Promoting, and Assessing Reasoning Focused on Analysing. (2018)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis article provides a classroom resource for identifying, assessing and promoting one aspect of reasoning - analysing - through the Assessing Mathematical Reasoning Rubric. Practical examples of student work and rubric levels are offered.\n\t\t\t\t
An evaluation of directory protocols for medium-scale shared-memory multiprocessors (1994)

This paper considers alternative directory protocols for providing cache coherence in shared-memory multiprocessors with 32 to 128 processors, where the state requirements of DirN may be considered too large. We consider DiriB, i=1,2,4, DirN, Tristate (also called superset), Coarse Vector, and three new protocols. The new protocols—Gray-hardward, Gray-software, Home—are optimizations of Tristate that use gray coding to favor near-neighbor sharing.
Interactions Between Light and Vitreous Fluid Substitutes (1992)

To determine the interactions between light and vitreous fluid substitutes, we studied the absorption and fluorescence properties of the following fluids that are commonly used in vitreoretinal surgery: Ringer's solution, balanced salt citrate-buffered solution, balanced salt bicarbonate-buffered solution, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ophthalmic solution, hyaluronate sodium, perfluorocarbons, silicone oil, and fluorosilicone oil. The absorption spectra for all the fluids peaked in the UV-C (reference range <280 nm) and UV-B (reference range from 315 to 280 nm) regions of the spectrum, with little or no absorption in the visible region of the spectrum (from 400 to 700 nm). Emission of almost all of the fluids occurred mainly in the 300- to 360-nm region, with fairly low-quantum efficiency. The limited light absorption properties of the fluids calls for caution during transpupillary and intraocular laser photocoagulation to avoid excessive retinal damage, mainly when the laser power is increased during treatment. Transmission of incoherent light (environmental and ophthalmic artificial light) through highly transparent vitreous fluid substitutes may lead in time to dangerous light exposure, particularly in aphakic eyes. The emitted fluorescence in these fluids generates a minimal risk of long-term damage.
Synthetic studies related to the yohimbine alkaloids (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic studies related to the yohimbine alkaloidsFrederick E. Ziegler and James G. SweenyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 11, 3545–3548Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01263a069https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01263a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibitory effects of <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> on visceral pain induced by colorectal distension in Sprague-Dawley rats (2005)

Oral administration of either live or killed probiotic bacteria or conditioned medium inhibited the constitutive cardio-autonomic response to colorectal distension in rats through effects on enteric nerves. These data may provide a novel explanation for beneficial probiotic effects on visceral pain.
The Gelling Mechanism and Relationship to Molecular Structure of Microbial Polysaccharide Curdlan (1980)

The molecular structure and gelling mechanism of the bacterial polysaccharide curdlan was investigated using X-ray diffraction and infra-red spectroscopy. Gels were obtained from heating an aqueous suspension to 95°C and also from treatment of the alkaline solution. X-ray diffraction patterns of the oriented gel, obtained from aqueous suspension were indexed on a hexagonal unit cell with dimensions a = b = 1.438 nm and c (fibre axis) = 1.746 nm and interpreted in terms of a triple-stranded structure with space group symmetry P63, by analogy with the previously published structure for β-(1-3)-D-xylan. The X-ray patterns of the gel formed from alkaline solution gave equatorial reflections which indexed on a hexagonal lattice a = b = 1.701 nm and a layer line spacing c (fibre axis) = 2.270 nm. This is interpreted as a perturbed triple-stranded structure which undergoes a transition on annealing to form the six-fold triple helix. Infra-red spectroscopy and deuteration of the polysaccharide gel films indicated the presence of inexchangeable hydroxyl groups and the interstitial water of crystallization. This interstitial water forms a hydrogen bonded network with the triple helices, binding them into a micellar structure; it is the association of these micelles which form the gel network.
SOI-CMOS technology with monolithically integrated active and passive RF devices on high resistivity SIMOX substrates (1996)

Summary form only given. A Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) CMOS technology has been developed for microwave applications up to 5 GHz. The technology is based on a manufacturable, near-fully-depleted 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS-VLSI technology with very high resistivity SIMOX substrate, typically >10 k/spl Omega/cm. The thicknesses of gate oxide, silicon film and buried oxide are 10 nm, 100 nm and 400 nm, respectively. A TiSi/sub 2/ self-aligned silicide formation is used to lower the resistance of the gate and source/drain regions. The process is completed with a two-level AlSi metallization featuring TiN-barrier, tungsten plug and stacked contacts and vias. Barrier, tungsten plug and metallization reinforce the polycide gates for the RF transistors to further reduce the gate resistance. The two-level metallization is used for the fabrication of metal1-metal2 capacitors with SiO/sub 2/ interlayer dielectric, planar RF inductors and metal coplanar waveguides. The RF SOI-CMOS process steps are similar to typical submicron CMOS processing steps except that well and field implants are eliminated in the SOI-CMOS technology.