gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preamorphization implantation-assisted boron activation in bulk germanium and germanium-on-insulator (2005)

The effect of preamorphization implantation (PAI) on boron activation in germanium was studied. It was found that following PAI, significant dynamic annealing occurred during boron implantation in germanium. For small PAI energy which leads to a thin amorphous layer, recrystallization is completed via dynamic annealing during the boron implantation. As a result, a high-temperature postimplant anneal is required to activate the remaining interstitial boron and to annihilate implantation defects. For high PAI energy, while the thick amorphous layer did not recrystallize during the dynamic annealing, it requires a high-temperature anneal in order to completely recrystallize by solid phase epitaxial regrowth (SPER). The optimized PAI energy needs to be tailored such that the surface amorphous layer not only survives dynamic annealing during boron implantation, but also completes the SPER within the designed thermal budget. Full activation of boron can then be achieved without being limited by its solid solubility in germanium. An electrically active boron concentration as high as 4.7×1020∕cm3 was obtained after 400°C rapid thermal annealing. PAI causes a similar effect in GeOI substrates.
Changes in total pepsin activity and pepsinogen I in human sera under stimulation and inhibition of gastric acid secretion. (1991)

The levels of total pepsin activity and pepsinogen I in sera were first studied in 10 healthy volunteers undergoing stimulation of gastric acid secretion at random on 4 different days with a) a maximum dose (6 micrograms/kg) of pentagastrin, b) ranitidine injection 5 minutes before maximal pentagastrin stimulation, c) ranitidine injection 1 hr before maximal pentagastrin stimulation, or d) sham feeding. In a further 10 healthy volunteers the levels of total pepsin activity and pepsinogen I were studied over 5 days by short-term oral intake of ranitidine. The total pepsin activity and pepsinogen I increased significantly in the sera after maximum-dose pentagastrin, but not after sham feeding. The increase could be completely prevented by ranitidine given only 1 hour before pentagastrin stimulation. The total pepsin activity and pepsinogen I decreased significantly after brief oral intake of ranitidine. It can be concluded that the measurement of total pepsin activity and pepsinogen I in the sera could serve as a rough parameter for testing the effectiveness of potential agents inhibiting gastric secretion.
Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Two-Dimensional Fe<sub>2</sub>Si Nanosheet with Enhanced Spin-Polarization Ratio (2017)

Searching experimental feasible two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic crystals with large spin-polarization ratio, high Curie temperature and large magnetic anisotropic energy is one key to develop next-generation spintronic nanodevices. Here, 2D Fe<sub>2</sub>Si nanosheet, one counterpart of Hapkeite mineral discovered in meteorite with novel magnetism is proposed on the basis of first-principles calculations. The 2D Fe<sub>2</sub>Si crystal has a slightly buckled triangular lattice with planar hexacoordinated Si and Fe atoms. The spin-polarized calculations with hybrid HSE06 function method indicate that 2D Fe<sub>2</sub>Si is a ferromagnetic half metal at its ground state with 100% spin-polarization ratio at Fermi energy level. The phonon spectrum calculation and ab initio molecular dynamic simulation shows that 2D Fe<sub>2</sub>Si crystal has a high thermodynamic stability and its 2D lattice can be retained at the temperature up to 1200 K. Monte Carlo simulations based on the Ising model predict a Curie temperature over 780 K in 2D Fe<sub>2</sub>Si crystal, which can be further tuned by applying a biaxial strain. Moreover, 2D structure and strong in-plane Fe-Fe interaction endow Fe<sub>2</sub>Si nanosheet sizable magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy with the magnitude of at least two orders larger than those of Fe, Co and Ni bulks. These novel magnetic properties render the 2D Fe<sub>2</sub>Si crystal a very promising material for developing practical spintronic nanodevices.
Electron Ionization Dissociation of Singly and Multiply Charged Peptides (2009)

A new tandem mass spectrometry technique, electron ionization dissociation (EID), employs irradiation of trapped cations [M + nH](n+) (n > or = 1) by fast electrons with energy at least 10 eV higher than the ionization threshold of the cations. Such irradiation causes simultaneous ionization and electronic excitation of the irradiated species, which is equivalent of double-ionization to [M + nH]((n+2)+) followed by electron capture to form electronically excited [M + nH]((n+1)+*)* ions. Subsequent fragmentation of the latter species gives both side-chain losses and backbone fragmentation. Theoretical efficiency of such fragmentation calculated as a ratio of the fragment ion current and the precursor ion depletion can reach (n+1)/n, that is, can exceed 100%. EID often leads to backbone N-C(alpha) bond cleavage, giving c-/z-type fragments. C-C bond cleavage, giving preferentially a-/x-type fragments, is also observed. EID could be used in bottom-up proteomics for both electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) -produced ions. The energy incorporated into the precursor ion in a single interaction with electrons can exceed 10 eV, which makes EID suitable for top-down analysis of folded gas-phase protein conformations.
Biotransformation of Oleic Acid to Optically Active<i>γ</i>-Dodecalactone (1995)

Journal Article Biotransformation of Oleic Acid to Optically Active γ-Dodecalactone Get access Shinobu Gocho, Shinobu Gocho Technical Research Center, T. Hasegawa Co., Ltd., 335 Kariyado, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 211, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nariyuki Tabogami, Nariyuki Tabogami Technical Research Center, T. Hasegawa Co., Ltd., 335 Kariyado, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 211, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masao Inagaki, Masao Inagaki Technical Research Center, T. Hasegawa Co., Ltd., 335 Kariyado, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 211, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Choko Kawabata, Choko Kawabata Technical Research Center, T. Hasegawa Co., Ltd., 335 Kariyado, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 211, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tuyosi Komai Tuyosi Komai Technical Research Center, T. Hasegawa Co., Ltd., 335 Kariyado, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 211, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 59, Issue 8, 1 January 1995, Pages 1571–1572, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.1571 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Received: 26 December 1994 Published: 01 January 1995
Efficacy of Interceed in adhesion prevention in gynecologic surgery: a review of 13 clinical studies. (1996)

While Interceed has been shown to be safe and effective in all controlled human clinical trials, its use did not eliminate adhesions in all patients, and in some there was no benefit from the use of Interceed not provided by surgery alone. The efficacy of this absorbable barrier is limited to surgical situations where the area in question can be completely covered. Effective application is limited by technical difficulties, including the need for hemostasis and removal of excess peritoneal fluid.
CALCIFICATION OF THE NASAL QUADRILATERAL CARTILAGE (1941)

Previous to Feb. 9, 1940 my experience and the teaching of others had led me to believe that the septal quadrilateral cartilage was always cartilaginous and never osseous. REPORT OF A CASE On Feb. 9, 1940 I operated on L. F. G., a man aged 45, at Lakeside Hospital, for the relief of nasal obstruction. The procedure contemplated was a submucous resection to correct a marked superior and anterior deviation of the nasal septum to the left. This deflection was posterior to and did not involve the septal tip, which was in its proper position in the columella. With the patient under local anesthesia, the usual curved incision was made on the left side, distal to the deflection, and the mucoperichondrium was easily elevated posteriorly as far as the maximum deflection. The incision was then deepened, with the intention of incising the quadrilateral cartilage and freeing the mucoperichondrium on the
Algorithms (1979)

article Free Access Share on Algorithms Author: Norman L. Thomson IBM U.K. Labs Ltd., Winchester, Hampshire, England IBM U.K. Labs Ltd., Winchester, Hampshire, EnglandView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGAPL APL Quote QuadVolume 10Issue 2December 1979 pp 30–32https://doi.org/10.1145/586148.586158Published:01 December 1979Publication History 3citation68DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads68Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Electrical characterization of GaAs metal bonded to Si (2006)

Wafer bonding has traditionally focused on producing either insulating or nonlinear heterostructure interfaces; low-resistance Ohmic interfaces would offer the advantage of more efficient current delivery. In this study, doped GaAs was bonded to doped Si using indium and palladium interlayers. During heating above the lower melting point metal indium, a solid alloy is formed bonding the GaAs and Si together, this process is typically referred to as isothermal solidification. This method universally created Ohmic bond interfaces for all doping types. A metric was devised to measure the bond resistivity revealing a resistivity of 1.03×10−5Ωcm2 for n-GaAs bonded to p-Si.
High Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis using Hybrid MOM/FEM Method (2006)

MoM, an integral equation technique, is well-suited for modeling complex coil structures while in contrast, FEM is very well suited for modeling inhomogeneous dielectric bodies. The tetrahedral elements used in the volume discretisation for the FEM allow for accurate geometrical representation of volumes with curved surfaces, and the formulation furthermore allows for the variation in the material properties from tetrahedral element to tetrahedral element. Thus when these two methods are coupled together, the result is an extremely capable full-wave electromagnetic modeling technique. The hybrid MoM/FEM method that is used in this work is available using commercial software FEKO (www.feko.co.za). To investigate the capability of the hybrid MoM/FEM method and verify its accuracy in calculating the EMFs in biological samples, it is compared with FDTD [3] (in-house software) solution and hybrid DGF/MOM solution. Two simulation examples are demonstrated in this work. Firstly, a square surface coil with dimension of 120×120mm placed 40mm away from a heterogeneous 4 layer concentric spherical phantom that approximately represent a human head [6] and secondly, a shielded 16 rung high-pass birdcage coil also loaded with the spherical phantom is modeled. The operating frequency for both examples is set at 300MHz (7T) and the dielectric properties and the size of the spherical phantom used in the three different modeling techniques is the same. (a) (b) (c)
Discovery by Genetic Programming of a Cellular Automata Rule that is Better than any Known Rule for the Majority Classification Problem (1996)

It is difficult to program cellular automata. This is especially true when the desired computation requires global communication and global integration of information across great distances in the cellular space. Various human-written algorithms have appeared in the past two decades for the vexatious majority classification task for one-dimensional two-state cellular automata. This paper describes how genetic programming with automatically defined functions evolved a rule for this task with an accuracy of 82.326%. This level of accuracy exceeds that of the original 1978 Gacs-Kurdyumov-Levin (GKL) rule, all other known human-written rules, and all other known rules produced by automated methods. The rule evolved by genetic programming is qualitatively different from all previous rules in that it employs a larger and more intricate repertoire of domains and particles to represent and communicate information across the cellular space.
Platform for in situ real-time measurement of protein-induced conformational changes of DNA (2010)

A platform for in situ and real-time measurement of protein-induced conformational changes in dsDNA is presented. We combine electrical orientation of surface-bound dsDNA probes with an optical technique to measure the kinetics of DNA conformational changes. The sequence-specific Escherichia coli integration host factor is utilized to demonstrate protein-induced bending upon binding of integration host factor to dsDNA probes. The effects of probe surface density on binding/bending kinetics are investigated. The platform can accommodate individual spots of microarrayed dsDNA on individually controlled, lithographically designed electrodes, making it amenable for use as a high throughput assay.
Subpicosecond pulse generation using an electroabsorption modulator and a double-stage pulse compressor (2003)

We develop a practical subpicosecond pulse generator consisting of an electroabsorption modulator (EAM) and a double-stage pulse compressor. The pulse compressor is carefully designed so that the timing jitter and the pedestal level of compressed pulses are not increased during the pulse compression process. A 10-GHz 20-ps pulse from an EAM is compressed to a 400-fs pulse.
Preparation, Sensitivity, and Specificity of <i>Limulus</i> Lysate for Endotoxin Assay (1973)

Limulus amoebocyte lysate was prepared from a total of 180 crabs during 1971 and 1972 by using a slightly modified lysate preparation procedure. Marked variability of lysate potency was noted both years. In addition, lysate quality appeared diminished in 1972 as compared with 1971. Different lysate batches were evaluated for potency by using a variety of endotoxin preparations. Variations in batch potencies were observed, but little variation in reactivity among different endotoxin preparations was noted. Use of potent lysate batches allowed detection of endotoxin concentrations as low as 100 pg/ml. No endotoxinlike activity was observed from 11 different strains of yeast by use of the Limulus assay.
Alpha cellulose from industrial and agricultural renewable sources like short flax fibres, ears of corn and wheat-straw and its transformation into cellulose acetates (2009)

Cellulose with high content of alpha cellulose (ca. 98%, named CF) was extracted from short flax fibres following a free chloride procedure based on a two-step oxidative approach. The same procedure provided celluloses with alpha cellulose content around 83% from ears of corn (CC) and wheat straw (CW). CF can be used for the preparation of cellulose triacetate (CTA) and diacetate (CA), while both CC and CW can be used for the preparation of CA. The polymerisation degree (DP), dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, solution 13C NMR and solid state (CP MAS) 13C NMR spectra were properly used to characterise the extracted celluloses CF, CC, CW as well as their acetylated derivatives CTA and CA. Commercial alpha cellulose and CA samples were characterised in the same way and compared with CF, CC, CW and CTA, CA, respectively. From these comparisons, they all appeared to be cellulose materials suitable for industrial developments.
Page segmentation without rectangle assumption (2003)

A new technique for page segmentation without skew normalization is described and applied to both English and Japanese complex printed-page layouts. There is no need to make any assumption about the shape of blocks, hence the technique can handle not only skewed pages but it can also be extended to handle documents where columns are not rectangles. In this technique, based on the bottom-up strategy, the connected components are extracted on the reduced image and are classified with their local information. Since the skew angle is also estimated with the local information of blocks, the computational time is very short. Merging text blocks into string lines and into columns is performed with the skew information.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Constructions of specific permutation codes for multi-user communication (2002)

Regular constructions for specific permutation codes used in a multiple-access OR channel where the inputs originate from a fast frequency hopping/multiple frequency shift keying modulation are presented for 3 situations : (1) each sender is either active or passive; (2) the jammer is allowed to corrupt a certain number of transmitted frequencies; and (3) the sender transmit one of a certain number of messages. We show that these constructions are optimum ones for the situations (1), (2) and that they are close to the optimum for the situation (3).
Randomized phase III trial of liposomal daunorubicin versus doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. (1996)

In this large phase III trial, the efficacy of DaunoXome was comparable to that of ABV. Response rates, time to treatment failure, and overall survival were similar on both treatment arms. DaunoXome is a safe and effective primary therapy for advanced AIDS-related KS.
Retinoids, Apoptosis and Cancer (2001)

Retinoids are a class of natural and synthetic vitamin A analogs structurally related to all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Natural retinoids are involved in the physiology of vision and as morphogenic agents during embryonic development; they are also known to play a major role in regulating growth and differentiation of a wide variety of normal and malignant cell types, and, indeed, they can in various ways inhibit cell proliferation, induce differentiation and cell death by apoptosis. The development of new active retinoids and the identification of two distinct families of retinoid receptors has led to an increased understanding of the cellular effects of activation of these receptors and of mechanisms involved in the retinoid-induced apoptosis. In this review a brief summary of cellular pathways relevant to programmed cell death is given together with therapeutic potentialities of retinoids having apoptotic activity. Structure-activity relationship studies concerning the importance of different stereochemistry at the C9 double bond of retinoids in conferring apoptotic activity will be described. It will be also described the preparation and the potent cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of a novel class of heterocycle-bridged arotinoids.
Speech signal noise reduction by EMD (2008)

In this paper, a speech signal noise reduction based on a multiresolution approach referred to as Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) [1] is introduced. The proposed speech denoising method is a fully data-driven approach. Noisy signal is decomposed adaptively into oscillatory components called Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), using a temporal decomposition called sifting process. The basic principle of the method is to reconstruct the signal with IMFs previously thresholded using a shrinkage function. The denoising method is applied to speech with different noise levels and the results are compared to wavelet shrinkage. The study is limited to signals corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise.
Mononuclear Cell Adherence Induces Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor/Interleukin-8 Gene Expression (1991)

The accumulation of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) in tissue is an essential element of the inflammatory response that is important in host defense. Adherence to endothelium constitutes the first step in PMN migration from the vascular compartment to the interstitium. We demonstrate that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) adherent to plastic can result in expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a potent PMN chemoattractant and activating cytokine. Northern blot analyses showed PBMC adherent to plastic expressed IL-8 steady-state mRNA levels by 30 min, peaked at 8 h, and then decreased over the next 16 h. In contrast, nonadherent PBMC (cultured in teflon chambers) expressed less than 25% of the maximal IL-8 steady-state mRNA levels as compared with adherent PBMC. Adherent PBMC-associated IL-8 determined by immunochemistry, supernatant chemotactic bioactivity, and extracellular antigenic IL-8 paralleled IL-8 mRNA expression. Antigenic and bioactive IL-8 were significantly apparent by 4-8 h, respectively, and increased significantly to maximal levels by 24 h. Furthermore, adherent PBMC IL-8 gene expression was suppressed by either concomitant treatment with actinomycin-D or cycloheximide, yet specific neutralizing antibodies directed against either IL-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha failed to alter adherence-induced steady-state IL-8 mRNA levels. These data support the hypothesis that PBMC adherence is an important signal for the production of IL-8, and may be essential to the development of the inflammatory response through the elicitation of PMN.
Impedance and nonlinear dielectric testing at high AC voltages using waveforms (2005)

This paper presents the application of a waveform technique that can determine the complex impedance and nonlinear response of dielectric composite films at high ac voltages using a data acquisition (DAQ) card and virtual instrumentation. The voltage waveforms are Fourier transformed from the time domain to the frequency domain to obtain the fundamental and higher order harmonic responses as complex phasor quantities. The specimen impedance is determined by performing complex algebraic calculations. It was found that the conventional fiber-glass reinforced epoxy resin laminates exhibit a flat impedance characteristic, nearly independent of voltage, up to near breakdown conditions. At near breakdown conditions, the second-harmonic response starts to decrease, indicating a dielectric softening of the material. At higher voltages, nonlinear dielectric behavior is dominated by the third-harmonic response. In contrast, the impedance of dielectric hybrid materials made of organic resins and high-dielectric constant ceramics decreases continuously with increasing voltage. The drop in impedance is accompanied by a reversible transformation from a dielectric to resistive character. The field-induced nonlinear dielectric effects are mainly due to polarization reversal of the high-k filler, which is manifested by a large third-harmonic response. The near breakdown conditions in such materials can be inferred from the second-harmonic response, which diminishes when the ac electric field erases the residual static polarization. The presented testing procedure represents a compatible extension of the existing standard test methods for dielectric breakdown but is better suited for testing thin-film materials with a high-dielectric constant. The results demonstrate that the voltage withstanding condition can be inferred from the impedance characteristic and the nonlinear dielectric response without ambiguity.
Other Selection Methods (1993)

The methods for personnel selection described in earlier chapters have covered the methods in common use, including more recently developed ones. The methods described in this chapter are in general not widely used, and most of them do not have well-established levels of criterion-related validity. They are nevertheless worth discussing, either because they may be particularly useful in certain situations (such as self-assessment) or because they are interesting and controversial (for example, handwriting analysis and astrology).