gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) induces myotube hypertrophy associated with an increase in anaerobic glycolysis in a clonal skeletal-muscle cell model (1999)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an important autocrine/paracrine mediator of skeletal-muscle growth and development. To develop a definitive cultured cell model of skeletal-muscle hypertrophy, C2C12 cells were stably transfected with IGF-I and clonal lines developed and evaluated. Quantitative morphometric analysis showed that IGF-I-transfected myotubes had a larger area (2381+/-60 micrometer2 versus 1429+/-39 micrometer2; P<0.0001) and a greater maximum width (21.4+/-0.6 micrometer versus 13.9+/-0.3 micrometer; P<0.0001) than control C2C12 myotubes, independent of the number of cell nuclei per myotube. IGF-I-transfected myotubes had higher levels of protein synthesis but no difference in DNA synthesis when compared with control myotubes, indicating the development of hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia. Both lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activities were increased (3- and 5-fold respectively), and total lactate levels were higher (2.3-fold) in IGF-I-transfected compared with control myotubes, indicating an increase in anaerobic glycolysis in the hypertrophied myotubes. However, expression of genes involved in skeletal-muscle growth or hypertrophy in vivo, e.g. myocyte nuclear factor and myostatin, was not altered in the IGF-I myotubes. Finally, myotube hypertrophy could also be induced by treatment of C2C12 cells with recombinant IGF-I or by growing C2C12 cells in conditioned media from IGF-I-transfected cells. This quantitative model should be uniquely useful for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of skeletal-muscle hypertrophy.
Comparative Study of Hydrido Organo Siloxane Polymer and Hydrogen Silsesquioxane (2000)

Low- k candidate spin-on-glass (SOG) material hydrido organo siloxane polymer (HOSP) was evaluated and compared with flowable oxide (FO x ). In particular, the chemical nature of the film and the effects of various processing steps on this chemical nature were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), a C – V meter and a stress gauge. The water absorption after various post-etch treatments was found to be a crucial factor affecting the dielectric properties of the film. HOSP proved to be a dielectric material with a lower k value than FO x and is more immune against moisture uptake. However, HOSP becomes more vulnerable to moisture absorption after oxygen plasma treatment. Electrical data from the process integration of HOSP were compared to those of FO x and conventional plasma-deposited oxide. The via resistance using HOSP was higher than that using the other materials. In particular, HOSP samples exhibited strong dependence on misalignment in resistance or leakage current measurements. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of these samples show that the electrical properties of HOSP samples resulted from a decrease in the actual via metal cross-section area due to via-poisoning.
Perception of Temporal Discontinuity Impairments in Coded Speech - A Proposal for Objective Estimators and Some Subjective Test Results (2003)

Temporal discontinuities in received speech are a reality of Internet Telephony or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) systems. These relatively new impairments pose unique challenges to objective estimators of perceived speech quality. We suggest that objective estimators may benefit from the addition of a temporal discontinuity impairment processor and we provide subjective test results that may help with the design of such processors.
 
We added the loss, pause, and jump impairments (nine different levels of each) to random locations in active segments of G.723.1 coded speech.We then measured the resulting perceived speech quality via a formal absolute category rating subjective experiment using the mean opinion score (MOS) scale.
 
The results show that these three different impairments have similar influences on perceived speech quality, even though the pause and jump impairments are exact opposites (temporal dilation vs. temporal contraction). The results also demonstrate that at a fixed impairment rate, dispersion of these impairments is less detrimental to perceived speech quality than clustering of these impairments. We offer a simple mathematical model that relates impairment parameters to experimental MOS values. It is expected that these results will be of value to those who develop objective estimators of packetized speech quality as well as those who design jitter buffers and jitter buffer management (or playout) algorithms.
Products of Reaction Between PbO and Nb <sub>2</sub> O <sub>5</sub> in Molten KCl or NaCl (1983)

Lead oxide and niobium oxide were heated in molten KCl or NaCl to examine the participation of chlorides in the reaction between the oxides. Alkali ions partially replace Pb ions in PbNb 2 O 6 , and Cl ions form PbCl 2 . The substitution of alkali ions for Pb stabilizes the tetragonal form ofPbNb 2 O 6 . The reactivity of NaCl with Nb 2 O 5 was much greater than that of KCl; the extended substitution resulted in the formation of an NaNbO 3 phase with incorporated Pb .
Sliding-window superposition coding for interference networks (2014)

Superposition coding with successive cancellation decoding for interference channels is investigated as a low-complexity alternative to the rate-optimal simultaneous decoding. It is shown that regardless of the number of superposition layers and the code distribution of each layer, the standard rate-splitting scheme by Grant, Rimoldi, Urbanke, and Whiting for multiple access channels fails to achieve the simultaneous decoding inner bound on the capacity region for interference channels. A new coding scheme is proposed that uses coding over multiple blocks and sliding-window decoding. With at most two superposition layers, this scheme achieves the simultaneous decoding inner bound for any two-user-pair interference channels without using high-complexity simultaneous multiuser sequence detection. The proposed coding scheme can be also extended to achieve the performance of simultaneous decoding for general interference networks, including the Han-Kobayashi inner bound.
How Long Will It Take to Fix This Bug? (2007)

Predicting the time and effort for a software problem has long been a difficult task. We present an approach that automatically predicts the fixing effort, i.e., the person-hours spent on fixing an issue. Our technique leverages existing issue tracking systems: given a new issue report, we use the Lucene framework to search for similar, earlier reports and use their average time as a prediction. Our approach thus allows for early effort estimation, helping in assigning issues and scheduling stable releases. We evaluated our approach using effort data from the JBoss project. Given a sufficient number of issues reports, our automatic predictions are close to the actual effort; for issues that are bugs, we are off by only one hour, beating naive predictions by a factor of four.
백화점 및 브랜드 점포속성이 중국인 관광객의 백화점 및 브랜드 만족도와 충성도에 미치는 영향: 한류선호의 매개효과 (2016)

최근 중국은 세계 최대 해외 관광 지출국으로 주목받고 있으며 그에 따라 방한 중국인 관광객의 국내 소비지출 역시 증가하고 있다. 특히 한국 드라마가 지속적으로 인기를 끌면서 중국 관광객들의 패션상품 구매에 있어 한류의 영향력이 더욱 커지고 있는 가운데, 그로 인해 국내 백화점에서의 한국 패션 및 브랜드 상품에 대한 매출도 신장하고 있다. 그러나 중국 고객의 방한 쇼핑에 대한 기대치에 비해, 실제 구매 경험에 대해 불만을 느끼는 소비자가 늘고 있어 그들의 요구에 맞는 세분화된 상품 및 서비스의 제공이 필요한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 백화점 점포속성과 브랜드 점포속성이 방한 중국인 관광객에게 백화점 및 브랜드 만족도에 미치는 영향을 조사하고, 최종적으로 백화점 및 브랜드 충성도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지 실증적으로 분석하였다. 이어 한류선호가 백화점 및 브랜드 점포속성과 점포 만족도와의 관계에서 매개효과를 지니는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 방한 중국인 관광객을 대상으로 실증 조사를 실시한 결과, 백화점 점포속성에서는 하위요인인 백화점 인지도를 제외하고 서비스, 쇼핑환경 및 교통이 백화점 만족도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 브랜드 점포속성의 경우 하위요인인 브랜드 인지도를 제외하고 제품 및 디자인, 접점서비스가 브랜드 만족도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 주요인인 것으로 검증되었다. 이어 백화점에 대한 만족도가 높을수록 백화점 충성도 및 브랜드의 만족도를 제고시켰으며, 브랜드 만족도는 브랜드 충성도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 백화점 및 브랜드 점포속성과 백화점 및 브랜드 만족도와의 관계에서 한류선호가 매개효과를 지니는지에 대한 검정에서는 유의한 결과가 도출되어 한류선호의 매개효과를 입증하였다. 본 연구는 지속적인 중국 소비자 유치를 위한 백화점의 체계적인 마케팅 방안의 수립은 물론 거대한 구매 잠재력을 지닌 중국인 관광 쇼핑시장에 대하여 효과적인 대응책 마련을 위한 정보를 제공하는데 연구의 의의가 있다.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Metalation and Electrophilic Quenching of Alkyl‐isoxazole‐4‐ tertiary Carboxamides. (1986)

Abstract Lithiierung der aus den Isoxazolcarbonsäuren (IV) bzw. ‐carbonsäurechloriden (I) gut zugänglichen Amide (III) und nachfolgende Reaktion mit den Elektrophilen (V) bzw. (VII) liefern die Produkte (VI) bzw. (VIII).
Multiview ToF sensor fusion technique for high-quality depth map (2013)

The Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensor has been widely used in computer vision fields since it can provide depth information in real time. However, the depth map obtained from ToF sensor is distressed with error, and has a lower resolution than general cameras. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to fuse and upsample multi-view depth maps obtained from multiple ToF sensors. The proposed method can be robust to the camera calibration error and effectively applied to the Multi-view Video plus Depth (MVD) system. For that, we perform depth balancing and confidence map based multi-view depth fusion. The depth balancing adjusts the distribution of depth values between multiple ToF sensors. It can provide a coherent depth for the corresponding points between depth maps. Confidence map based multi-view depth fusion technique can restore the depth acquisition error and align multiple depth maps well with the corresponding color image by using only reliable depth values. Experimental results show that the proposed method using multiple ToF sensors is superior to the conventional method based on the 2D-plus-depth system consisting of one color camera and one depth sensor.
Human mitochondrial complex I assembly is mediated by NDUFAF1 (2005)

Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is the largest multiprotein enzyme of the oxidative phosphorylation system. Its assembly in human cells is poorly understood and no proteins assisting this process have yet been described. A good candidate is NDUFAF1, the human homologue of Neurospora crassa complex I chaperone CIA30. Here, we demonstrate that NDUFAF1 is a mitochondrial protein that is involved in the complex I assembly process. Modulating the intramitochondrial amount of NDUFAF1 by knocking down its expression using RNA interference leads to a reduced amount and activity of complex I. NDUFAF1 is associated to two complexes of 600 and 700 kDa in size of which the relative distribution is altered in two complex I deficient patients. Analysis of NDUFAF1 expression in a conditional complex I assembly system shows that the 700 kDa complex may represent a key step in the complex I assembly process. Based on these data, we propose that NDUFAF1 is an important protein for the assembly/stability of complex I.
Packet Loss Concealment for Voice Transmission over IP Networks (2001)

Voice-over-IP (VoIP) uses packetized transmission of speech over the Internet (IP network). However, at the receiving end, packets are missing due to network delay, network congestion (jitter) and network errors. This packet loss degrades the quality of speech at the receiving end of a voice transmission system in an IP network. Since the voice transmission is a real-time process, the receiver cannot request for retransmission of the missing packets. Concealment algorithms, either transmitter or receiver based, are used to replace these lost packets. The packet loss concealment (PLC) techniques described in the standards ANSI TI.521 (Annex B) and ITU-T Rec. G.711 (Appendix I), have good performance, but these algorithms do not use subsequent packets for reconstruction. Furthermore, there are discontinuities between the reconstructed and the subsequent packets, especially at the transitions from voiced to unvoiced and phoneme to phoneme. The goal of this work is to develop an improved PLC algorithm, using the subsequent packet information when available. For this, we use the Time-Scale Modification (TSM) technique based on Waveform Similarity Over-Lap Add (WSOLA) to reconstruct
A multicenter, randomized phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy including trastuzumab with cyclophosphamide with docetaxel in patients with operable HER2-positive breast cancer (JBCRG-10 study). (2010)

TPS105 Background: Japan Breast Cancer Research Group (JBCRG) is collaborating with Breast International Group (BIG) to develop new evidence for breast cancer treatments in Japan. Combination regimens of anthracyclines and taxanes have been widely used as preoperative systemic therapy (PST) in patients with operable breast cancer. However, we have several clinical questions related to PST: (1) additional effect of cyclophosphamide (CPA) to standard regimen (anthracycline and taxane) to identify preferred regimen for PST, (2) preferable order of anthracycline and taxane, (3) relation between the order of anthracycline and taxane and cardiac toxicity and (4) effect and safety of anthracycline-free regimen. To answer to these questions, we conduct this JBCRG 10 study. Methods: One hundred eighty HER2-positive breast cancer patients (T1C-3, N0-1, M0) are planned to be enrolled. Patients will receive the following treatment: (1)FEC-TCH group, 4 cycles of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 500 mg/m2, q3w) + epirubicin (EPI; 100 mg/m2, q3w) + CPA (500 mg/m2, q3w) (FEC regimen) followed by 4 cycles of docetaxel (75 mg/m2, q3w) + CPA (600 mg/m2, q3w) + trastuzumab (H; 2 mg/kg, weekly with loading 4 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg, q3w with loading 8 mg/kg) (TCH regimen); (2) TCH-FEC group, 4 cycles of TCH followed by 4 cycles of FEC and (3) TCH group, 6 cycles of TCH. The primary endpoint is pathological complete response (pCR) rate. Secondary endpoints include safety, cardiac toxicity rate, overall response rate, disease-free survival, overall survival, breast cancer conserving rate and nondissection rate of axillary lymph nodes. Translational research is also planned. In summary, JBCRG-10 will evaluate the efficacy and safety of FEC-TCH, TCH-FEC and TCH as PST in Japanese patients with operable HER2-positive breast cancer and will also answer to the question on regimen order and a power of anthracycline-free regimen. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Controlled Trial of Nonoxynol 9 Film to Reduce Male-to-Female Transmission of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (1999)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Abstracts: Urinary Tract Infection1 Apr 1999A Controlled Trial of Nonoxynol 9 Film to Reduce Male-to-Female Transmission of Sexually Transmitted Diseases R.E. Roddy, L. Zekeng, K.A. Ryan, U. Tamoufe, S.S. Weir, and E.L. Wong R.E. RoddyR.E. Roddy More articles by this author , L. ZekengL. Zekeng More articles by this author , K.A. RyanK.A. Ryan More articles by this author , U. TamoufeU. Tamoufe More articles by this author , S.S. WeirS.S. Weir More articles by this author , and E.L. WongE.L. Wong More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)61754-3AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "A Controlled Trial of Nonoxynol 9 Film to Reduce Male-to-Female Transmission of Sexually Transmitted Diseases." The Journal of Urology, 161(4), pp. 1422–1423 Epidemiology Unit and Biostatistics Division, Family Health International, Durham, North Carolina, and Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon© 1999 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 161Issue 4April 1999Page: 1422-1423 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1999 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information R.E. Roddy More articles by this author L. Zekeng More articles by this author K.A. Ryan More articles by this author U. Tamoufe More articles by this author S.S. Weir More articles by this author E.L. Wong More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Control of epidemics on graphs (2015)

The control of complex dynamic networks has many applications ranging from the management of electric power grids to the regulation of biological cellular networks. Prior work has focused on understanding the relationship between cascading behavior and network structure, the role of critical nodes, and conditions necessary for sustained cascade propagation. Recent work has begun to examine general approaches for dynamically influencing processes to guide the network or a targeted subnetwork towards a desired state. This paper models the control of an epidemic as a Markov Decision Process and applies a variety of different state-of-the-art planning algorithms to arrive at targeted control strategies. The results reveal the conditions under which certain approaches succeed and fail.
BAYESIAN INFERENCE BASED ONLY ON SIMULATED LIKELIHOOD: PARTICLE FILTER ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC ECONOMIC MODELS (2011)

We note that likelihood inference can be based on an unbiased simulation-based estimator of the likelihood when it is used inside a Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. This result has recently been introduced in statistics literature by Andrieu, Doucet, and Holenstein (2010, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B , 72, 269–342) and is perhaps surprising given the results on maximum simulated likelihood estimation. Bayesian inference based on simulated likelihood can be widely applied in microeconomics, macroeconomics, and financial econometrics. One way of generating unbiased estimates of the likelihood is through a particle filter. We illustrate these methods on four problems, producing rather generic methods. Taken together, these methods imply that if we can simulate from an economic model, we can carry out likelihood–based inference using its simulations.
A Compact Circularly Polarized Slotted Patch Antenna for GNSS Applications (2014)

A compact circularly polarized (CP) square-ring slotted patch antenna with vias is proposed for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Four square-ring-shaped slots are cut symmetrically onto a square patch radiator along its diagonals for wide-angle CP radiation and miniaturization. The antenna size is further reduced by grounding the central patches surrounded by the square-ring-shaped slots. An antenna prototype with an overall size of 60 mm × 60 mm × 5 mm shows a measured 10-dB return loss bandwidth of 90.0 MHz (1.565-1.655 GHz) with a maximum gain of 4.65 dBic. The measured 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 35.0 MHz (1.57-1.605 GHz) with a 3-dB AR beamwidth of more than 140 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> across the bandwidth.
Calculations of optimum phase match parameters for the biaxial crystal KTiOPO4 (1984)

The expression for the optimum phase matching angle for the biaxial crystal KTiOPO4 (KTP) is presented and numerically calculated. The theoretical effective nonlinear coefficient, walk-off angle, and conversion efficiency are determined. The results provide some theoretical and practical guidance for optimum operation of biaxial crystals, with specific numerical calculations for KTP.
Transcriptional Regulation of NF-E2 p45-related Factor (NRF2) Expression by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Xenobiotic Response Element Signaling Pathway (2005)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and NF-E2 p45-related factor (NRF2) are two distinct transcription factors involved in the regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Increasing evidence from several studies implies that AHR and NRF2 have direct links, but the molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this work we demonstrate for the first time that Nrf2 gene transcription is directly modulated by AHR activation. DNA sequence analyses of the mouse Nrf2 promoter revealed one xenobiotic response element (XRE)-like element (XREL1) located at -712 and two additional XRE-like elements located at +755 (XREL2) and +850 (XREL3). Functional analysis using luciferase assay showed that XREL1, XREL2, and XREL3 are all inducible by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin treatment, with XREL2 being the most potent. The functionality of these XRE-like elements was further confirmed by mutagenesis and gel shift experiments. Finally, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to show a direct binding of AHR to the Nrf2 promoter. Cells with silenced AHR expression using siRNA also lost NRF2 mRNA induction by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. These new data position NRF2-antioxidant response element downstream in the AHR-XRE pathway. Moreover, direct regulation of NRF2 by AHR contributes to couple phase I and II enzymes into an integrated system facilitating more effective xenobiotic and carcinogen detoxification.
Subtractive and Nonsubtractive Dithering: A Mathematical Comparison (2004)

A comparative analysis of subtractively and nonsubtractively dithered quantizing systems, with and without noise-shaping error feedback, is presented. A review of the principal results prefaces the most thoroughgoing mathematical analysis of either system that currently exists in print. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each system are compared, addressing their inherent signal-to-noise ratios and the requirement for knowledge of the dither signal at the receiver in subtractive systems. It is shown that subtractively dithered systems can render the total error statistically independent of the input signal at the expense of requiring knowledge of the dither signal at the receiver. On the other hand, nonsubtractively dithered systems can at best render specified statistical moments of the total error independent of the input and will introduce greater total noise into the output, although they do not require knowledge of the dither signal at the receiver. The treatment extends to include new findings regarding signal correlations in subtractively and nonsubtractively dithered systems, and regarding subtractively dithered systems using spectrally colored dither signals and/or noise-shaping error feedback. The new results are proven as needed for purposes of comparison.
Sample Target Substrates with Reduced Spot Size for MALDI‐TOF Mass Spectrometry Based on Patterned Self‐Assembled Monolayers (2009)

Abstract The wetting properties of structured self‐assembled monolayers are used to fabricate sample target substrates for MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. Combining the advantages of a hydrophobic‐hydrophilic surface pattern and the possibility of obtaining micrometer patterns allows an increase in the sensitivity of MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry analysis and a reduction in the traceable concentration down to fmol µL −1 . This easy, cheap and fast patterning process provides substrates that allow sensitive, high‐resolution mass spectrometry of dilute solutions.
Microwave-assisted heterocyclic synthesis (2003)

Recent applications of microwave technology in well-known cyclization reactions for heterocyclic ring formation and in other important reactions such as nucleophilic substitution, hetero-Diels-Alder reactions, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition etc. have been discussed. A comparison with the conventional methods demonstrates the advantages of microwaves in synthetic heterocyclic chemistry.
An SDR-in-the-Loop Carla Simulator for C-V2X-Based Autonomous Driving (2020)

In this demo, we showcase an integrated hardware-software evaluation platform for collaborative autonomous driving. The vehicle control and motion dynamics are simulated by SUMO [1], and the communications among vehicles are realized by software defined radios, which are programmed to run the standardized Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) Mode 4 protocol. We implement our parallel communication scheme [2] and demonstrate a platooning autonomous driving system. The platform can be extended to run more advanced collaborative autonomous driving applications in the future.