gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced oral bioavailability of paclitaxel by solid dispersion granulation (2015)

The main objective of this study was to develop novel orally administrable tablets containing solid dispersion granules (SDG) of amorphous paclitaxel (PTX) prepared by fluid bed technology, and to evaluate its in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) in beagle dogs. The SDG were prepared using optimized composition by fluid bed technology, and characterized for solid-state properties. The release study of SDG tablet (SDG-T) in simulated gastric fluid showed a rapid release of PTX, reaching maximum dissolution within 20 min. Finally, the PK profile of SDG-T and a reference formulation Oraxol™ (oral solution formulation used in Phase I clinical study) at a dose of 60 mg orally with co-administration of P-gp inhibitor HM38101, and Taxol® at a dose of 10 mg intravenously (i.v.) was investigated in beagle dogs. The mean absolute BA% of PTX following SDG-T and Oraxol™ solution was 8.23 and 6.22% in comparison to i.v. administration of Taxol®. The relative BA% of PTX from SDG-T in comparison to Oraxol™ solution was 132.25% at a dose of 60 mg following oral administration. In conclusion, we have successfully prepared PTX tablets with solid dispersion granules (SDG) of amorphous PTX using fluid bed technology that could provide plasma PTX concentration in the range of 10-150 ng/mL for a period of 24 h following oral administration in dogs with a P-gp inhibitor. Hence, this could be a promising formulation for PTX oral delivery and could be used in our intended clinical studies following pre-clinical efficacy studies.
Viscous flow in multiparticle systems: Slow motion of fluids relative to beds of spherical particles (1958)

Abstract A mathematical treatment is developed on the basis that two concentric spheres can serve as the model for a random assemblage of spheres moving relative to a fluid. The inner sphere comprises one of the particles in the assemblage and the outer sphere consists of a fluid envelope with a “free surface.” The appropriate boundary conditions resulting from these assumptions enable a closed solution to be obtained satisfying the Stokes‐Navier equations omitting inertia terms. This solution enables rate of sedimentation or alternatively pressure drop to be predicted as a function of fractional void volume. Comparison of the theory is made with other relationships and data reported in the literature. Of special interest is its close agreement with the well known Carman‐Kozeny equation which has been widely used to correlate data on packed beds as well as sedimenting and fluidized systems of particles. This is remarkable in view of the fact that the force on each particle in a packed bed can be up to several hundred times that exerted on a single particle in an undistrubed medium.
CAD-oriented cavity model for rectangular patches (1990)

A cavity model well suited for computed-aided design is presented. The patch antenna is described by geometrical and electrical parameters. Using a cavity model, input impedance as a function of frequency is then calculated with a fast computer program implemented on a PC. Resonant resistance and resonant frequency are deduced.
High specific activity [samarium-153] EDTA for imaging of experimental tumor models. (1989)

Enriched samarium oxide (98.2% 152Sm2O3) was irradiated in low neutron flux and high neutron flux reactors to produce 153Sm with specific activities of 14.3 GBq and 22.1 TBq mmol-1 Sm, respectively, at the time of use. Formulation of 153Sm as [153Sm]EDTA, with a 1:10 molar ratio of SM:EDTA, provided a stable radiotracer in vitro and in vivo. High specific activity [153Sm]EDTA showed superior uptake in cell culture (20.8 +/- 0.9% vs. 5.5 +/- 0.1% for 6 and 600 pmol Sm per 10(6) cells, respectively) and better tumor index values (51 vs. 37 at 10.9 nmol and 1.09 mumol Sm kg-1, respectively) in the BDF1 mouse/Lewis lung tumor model. High specific activity [153Sm]EDTA scintigrams of Copenhagen x Fisher rats bearing transplanted Dunning R3327 tumors clearly delineated the tumors within 6 hr, with moderate liver and bone uptake and low soft-tissue background. The injected radiotracer underwent rapid central compartment clearance and whole-body elimination. The absence of observed adverse histopathological toxicity combines with high image quality within 6 hr, to support the clinical tumor-imaging potential of this agent. Comparative studies with [67Ga]citrate at molar-equivalent doses indicated that high specific activity [153Sm]EDTA was a superior radiotracer in these in vitro and in vivo models.
A Physically-Based Transformation of Thematic Mapper Data---The TM Tasseled Cap (1984)

In an extension of previous simulation studies, a transformation of actual TM data in the six reflective bands is described which achieves three objectives: a fundamental view of TM data structures is presented, the vast majority of data variability is concentrated in a few (three) features, and the defined features can be directly associated with physical scene characteristics. The underlying TM data structure, based on three TM scenes as well as simulated data, is described, as are the general spectral characteristics of agricultural crops and other scene classes in the transformed data space.
Production of a dinitrogen complex via the attack of nitric oxide upon a metal-ammine complex (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProduction of a dinitrogen complex via the attack of nitric oxide upon a metal-ammine complexSteven Pell and John N. ArmorCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 2, 686–687Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00757a090https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00757a090research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultrasonic fingerprint sensor based on a PMUT array bonded to CMOS circuitry (2016)

This paper describes a single-chip 591×438 DPI ultrasonic fingerprint sensor. The sensor is based on a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) array that is bonded at wafer-level to complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) signal processing electronics to produce a pulse-echo ultrasonic imager on a chip. To meet the 500 DPI standard for consumer fingerprint sensors, the PMUT pitch was reduced by approximately a factor of two relative to an earlier design. We conducted a systematic design study of the individual PMUT design and array to achieve this scaling while maintaining a high fill-factor. The resulting 110×56 PMUT array, composed of rectangular PMUTs achieved a 51.7% fill-factor, three times greater than that of the previous design. Together with the custom CMOS ASIC, the sensor achieves 75 micron lateral resolution and 150 micron axial resolution over a 4.6 mm × 3.2 mm image.
Synthesis of Furo[2,3-<i>b</i>]pyran-2-ones through Ag(I)- or Ag(I)–Au(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of Alkynols and α-Ketoesters (2018)

Ag(I)- or Ag(I)-Au(I)-catalyzed cascade annulation of alkynols (5-hexyn-1-ol systems) with α-ketoesters involving a dual activation process (π and σ) has been developed for the first time. This reaction proceeds through cycloisomerization of alkynol to give the 6-endo-enol ether followed by annulation with an α-ketoester to furnish furo[2,3-b]pyran-2-ones in good yields. Chemical structures of all products were rigorously confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis and analogy.
Poly(2‐oxazoline)s as Polymer Therapeutics (2012)

Poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) are currently discussed as an upcoming polymer platform for biomaterials design and especially for polymer therapeutics. POx meet specific requirements needed for the development of next-generation polymer therapeutics such as biocompatibility, high modulation of solubility, variation of size, architecture as well as chemical functionality. Although in the early 1990s first and promising POx-based systems were presented, the field lay dormant for almost two decades. Only very recently, POx-based polymer therapeutics came back into the focus of very intensive research. In this review, we give an overview on the chemistry and physicochemical properties of POx and summarize the research of POx-protein conjugates, POx-drug conjugates, POx-based polyplexes and POx micelles for drug delivery.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Alkylation of o‐Carboranes Under Essentially Neutral Conditions. Application to the Synthesis of 10B Carriers. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Glycerophosphoryl Diester Phosphodiesterase-Like Proteins SHV3 and its Homologs Play Important Roles in Cell Wall Organization (2008)

Despite the importance of extracellular events in cell wall organization and biogenesis, the mechanisms and related factors are largely unknown. We isolated an allele of the shaven3 (shv3) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which exhibits ruptured root hair cells during tip growth. SHV3 encodes a novel protein with two tandemly repeated glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase-like domains and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, and several of its paralogs are found in Arabidopsis. Here, we report the detailed characterization of mutants of SHV3 and one of its paralogs, SVL1. The shv3 and svl1 double mutant exhibited additional defects, including swollen guard cells, aberrant expansion of the hypocotyl epidermis and ectopic lignin deposits, suggesting decreased rigidity of the cell wall. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and measurement of the cell wall components indicated an altered cellulose content and pectin modification with cross-linking in the double mutant. Furthermore, we found that the ruptured root hair phenotype of shv3 was suppressed by increasing the amount of borate, which is supposed to be involved in pectic polysaccharide cross-linking, in the medium. These findings indicate that SHV3 and its paralogs are novel important factors involved in primary cell wall organization.
Performance Study of a Wide-Area SiPM Array, ASICs Controlled (2014)

In this paper, the capabilities of a wide-area gamma ray photosensor based on a SiPM array are investigated. For this purpose, we have mounted an array of 144 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$(12\times12)$</tex></formula> SiPMs with individual active area of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$3 \times 3~\hbox{mm}^{2}$</tex></formula> and a pitch of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$4.2~\hbox{mm}$</tex></formula> , thus covering an active area of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$50.2 \times 50.2~\hbox{mm}^{2}$</tex></formula> . The measurements were performed by coupling the SiPM array to LYSO crystal arrays of different pixel size ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$2\times2~\hbox{mm}^{2}$</tex></formula> , <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$1.5 \times 1.5~\hbox{mm}^{2}$</tex> </formula> , and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$1 \times 1~\hbox{mm}^{2}$</tex></formula> ) and 10–12 mm thicknesses. The SiPM array was controlled by means of three ASICs, and the SiPM signals were multiplexed in order to determine the gamma ray impact position by means of implementing the Anger logic algorithm in the ASIC. The optimum bias voltage and temperature dependence of the gamma ray sensor were determined. An energy resolution as good as 8%, for individual crystal pixels, were reached at 5 V overvoltage. The ASICs design allows one to “activate” different photosensor array areas. This feature has been used to evaluate the detector performance as a function of the crystal pixel size and the photosensor dark noise contribution. In this work we also show the system capability to provide depth-of-interaction (DOI) information by means of implementing a two-layer staggered approach. We have found that accurate DOI information is obtained when the ASICs enabled an SiPM active area as high as <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$32\times 32~\hbox{mm}^{2}$</tex></formula> ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$8 \times 8$</tex></formula> SiPMs).
Morphology of Iron-Oxide Nanoparticle-Dispersed Glass Composites (2004)

We obtained dispersed-nanocrystal/glass composites by impregnating amorphous yttrium iron garnet (YIG) nanoparticles (produced by an alkoxide method) into the 49 nm diameter pores in the spongelike structure of porous silica glass (controlled pore glass or CPG) followed by heat treatment at 1000°C for 0.1 h. We observed the surface and cross section of the sample by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The backscattered electron image (BSEI) of the sample surface clearly showed the nanoparticles while the secondary electron image (SEI) showed them obscurely. A similar observation of the sample cross section revealed that the CPG fused together ∼2 µm in depth from the surface while its inner core preserved the spongelike network structure. The particles were independently dispersed with sizes ranging from 20 nm to 40 nm in this fused shell with an average particle density of approximately 100 µm-2. No particles were found in the inner core. Even in the fused shell, no particles were found in those areas in which the spongelike structure was preserved. It is concluded that the particles act as seeds for triggering the fusion of the spongelike glass.
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Nasal Colonization and Subsequent Infection in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Does Methicillin Resistance Matter? (2010)

ICU patients colonized with S. aureus were at greater risk of developing a S. aureus infection in the ICU. Even after adjusting for patient-specific risk factors, MRSA-colonized patients were more likely to develop S. aureus infection, compared with MSSA-colonized or noncolonized patients.
<i>para</i>‐Nitroblebbistatin, the Non‐Cytotoxic and Photostable Myosin II Inhibitor (2014)

Blebbistatin, the best characterized myosin II-inhibitor, is commonly used to study the biological roles of various myosin II isoforms. Despite its popularity, the use of blebbistatin is greatly hindered by its blue-light sensitivity, resulting in phototoxicity and photoconversion of the molecule. Additionally, blebbistatin has serious cytotoxic side effects even in the absence of irradiation, which may easily lead to the misinterpretation of experimental results since the cytotoxicity-derived phenotype could be attributed to the inhibition of the myosin II function. Here we report the synthesis as well as the in vitro and in vivo characterization of a photostable, C15 nitro derivative of blebbistatin with unaffected myosin II inhibitory properties. Importantly, para-nitroblebbistatin is neither phototoxic nor cytotoxic, as shown by cellular and animal tests; therefore it can serve as an unrestricted and complete replacement of blebbistatin both in vitro and in vivo.
Multiscale Modeling and Simulations of Flows in Naturally Fractured Karst Reservoirs (2009)

Modeling and numerical simulations of fractured, vuggy, porus media is a challenging problem which occurs frequently in reservoir engineering. The problem is especially relevant in flow simulations of karst reservoirs where vugs and caves are embedded in a porous rock and are connected via fracture networks at multiple scales. In this paper we propose a unified approach to this problem by using the StokesBrinkman equations at the fine scale. These equations are capable of representing porous media such as rock as well as free flow regions (fractures, vugs, caves) in a single system of equations. We then consider upscaling these equations to a coarser scale. The cell problems, needed to compute coarse-scale permeability of Representative Element of Volume (REV) are discussed. A mixed finite element method is then used to solve the Stokes-Brinkman equation at the fine scale for a number of flow problems, representative for different types of vuggy reservoirs. Upscaling is also performed by numerical solutions of Stokes-Brinkman cell problems in selected REVs. Both isolated vugs in porous matrix as well as vugs connected by fracture networks are analyzed by comparing fine-scale and coarse-scale flow fields. Several different types of fracture networks, representative of shortand long-range fractures are studied numerically. It is also shown that the Stokes-Brinkman equations can naturally be used to model additional physical effects pertaining to vugular media such as partial fracture with fill-in by some material and/or fluids with suspended solid particles. AMS subject classifications: 35B27, 35Q30, 6S05
Personalized information retrieval based on context and ontological knowledge (2008)

Abstract Context modeling has long been acknowledged as a key aspect in a wide variety of problem domains. In this paper we focus on the combination of contextualization and personalization methods to improve the performance of personalized information retrieval. The key aspects in our proposed approach are (1) the explicit distinction between historic user context and live user context, (2) the use of ontology-driven representations of the domain of discourse, as a common, enriched representational ground for content meaning, user interests, and contextual conditions, enabling the definition of effective means to relate the three of them, and (3) the introduction of fuzzy representations as an instrument to properly handle the uncertainty and imprecision involved in the automatic interpretation of meanings, user attention, and user wishes. Based on a formal grounding at the representational level, we propose methods for the automatic extraction of persistent semantic user preferences, and live, ad-hoc user interests, which are combined in order to improve the accuracy and reliability of personalization for retrieval.
Structure-property relationship in acetal-based chemically amplified three-component DUV resist (1994)

AZ DX series are chemically amplified, three component resists based on a poly(4-hydroxystyrene-co-3-methyl-4-hydroxystyrene) matrix resin, a poly(N,O-acetal) dissolution inhibitor, and a bis(arylsulfonyl)diazomethane acid generator. The previously described AZ DX 46 is an environmentally and delay time stable, high performance resist capable of lineating structures down to 0.23 micrometers . The material contains a photoactive base to reduce the delay time effects. In this paper the influence of styrene units in the matrix resin, and some new polyacetals on the performance of the resist in comparison to the above mentioned standard formulation AZ DX 46.
Prenylflavonoids: A New Class of Non-Steroidal Phytoestrogen (Part 1). Isolation of 8-Isopentenylnaringenin and an Initial Study on its Structure-Activity Relationship (1998)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of a methanolic extract of a Thai crude drug, derived from heartwood of Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray (Annonaceae), resulted in the isolation of 8-isopentenylnaringenin (1) as an estrogen agonist with a activity of about an order of magnitude greater than genistein. Various flavonoids possessing isopentenyl side chains in the A-ring have been prepared and evaluated for their ability to bind estrogen receptor. In addition, enantiomers of 1 were separated and the respective enantiomers were assayed. These studies have demonstrated that the presence of an 8-isopentenyl group is an important factor for binding. Flavones, flavanones and flavonols having an isopentenyl substituent at C-8 exhibited an appreciable affinity for estrogen receptor. Conversely, isoflavones possessing an 8-isopentenyl substituent at C-8 did not show this activity. Movement of the isopentenyl group from position 8 to 6 resulted in loss of the activity. No significant difference was observed between 2(S)- and 2(R)-enantiomers of 1 in their binding affinity. Prenylflavonoids are reported to possess a wide range of biological activities; however, estrogenic activity has not been described.
A Recent Innovation in Digital Special Effects: The CBS “Action Track”<sup>TM</sup>System (1978)

The CBS Action Track system generates real-time multiple-image video of objects in motion using any normal color video source, live or prerecorded. Requiring neither special lighting nor special backgrounds, the system produces video depicting not only the present image of a moving object but also a selectable succession of earlier images commencing with a particular action. Utilizing the advantages of PCM-encoded video and digital random-access memory, Action Track obtains the intended effects: (1) by storing a reference field of video representing the scene at the start of the desired action; (2) by comparing picture elements of subsequently arriving video with those of the reference field; (3) by tagging and storing those pixels visibly different from those in the reference field; and (4) by displaying the real-time video with the substitution of those tagged and stored pixels which comprise the successive images of moving objects. Within the constraints of the television system itself and by utilizing controllable picture gating, Action Track has been successfully and effectively used in a variety of sports telecasts. For these applications it has provided the viewer with expanded visualization of motion and trajectory.