gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Thyroid Autoimmunity in Sporadic Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism in Comparison to Type 1 Diabetes and Premature Ovarian Failure (2006)

The frequencies of TPOAb and thyroid dysfunction were not significantly higher in patients with SIH than in healthy controls, unlike in patients with T1D and POF.
Failure to transfer haemolytic anaemia or glomerulonephritis with cell-free material from NZB mice. (1970)

Experiments attempting to transfer haemolytic anaemia and glomerulonephritis from New Zealand Black (NZB) mice to unrelated strains by the inoculation of newborn animals with cell-free extracts of NZB tissues have been carried out. Cell-free extracts of spleen or plasma from forty-eight NZB donors were inoculated into 274 recipients of the HI, CBA, BALB/c or C57BL strains. No evidence of transfer was obtained. Transient weak positive antiglobulin tests and traces of albuminuria occurred in both inoculated and control mice. Histological examination at 12–24 months of age showed moderate to severe damage in the kidneys of occasional control and inoculated C57BL and HI mice, and mild damage in occasional control and inoculated BALB/c and CBA recipients. Electron microscopic studies of spleens and kidneys revealed a few virus-like particles in two out of eight recipients and one out of four control mice.
Mappe semantiche tra sincronia e diacronia: l?evoluzione delle strategie congiuntive e avversative nelle lingue slave (2008)

This paper takes a twofold perspective in examining the semantics of the conjunctive and adversative markers attested in the Slavic languages. First, it gives a unified picture of the synchronic variation by means of semantic maps, that highlight the regularity underlying the attested polysemy patterns. Then, it goes back to data from Old Church Slavonic, trying to outline the diachronic processes that led to the actual semantics of the attested markers. The identified semantic changes are not random, but appear to develop along the conceptual space identified on a synchronic basis. Finally, the theoretical implications of the correspondence between synchronic and diachronic data are discussed.
Nano-channel on quartz-chip laboratory using single molecular detectable thermal lens microscope (2002)

To execute chemical experiments with less sample volume, shorter experiment time and higher measurement resolution, the authors are developing a quartz-chip laboratory with a thermal lens microscope. However, turbulence of fluid flow causes double-count measurement error of microparticles. To increase preciseness of the measurement, a narrow lamina-flow channels called "nano-channel" is employed. Nano-channels of 50 and 900 nm width, flat-structured ball mixer and bubble pump/valve were designed and fabricated on a quartz substrate to estimate their feasibilities.
Visualizing intelligence information using correlation graphs (2005)

This paper presents a new information model to help intelligence analysts in organizing, querying, and visualizing the information present in large volumes of unstructured data sources such as text reports, multi-media, and human discourse. Our primary goal is to create a system that would combine the human pattern recognition abilities of intelligence analysis with the storage and processing capabilities of computers. Our system models the collective mental map of intelligence analysts in the form of the <i>Correlation Graph</i>, a modified graph data structure with objects and events as nodes and subjective probabilistic correlations between them as edges. Objects are entities such as people, places, and things. Events are actions that involve the objects. A taxonomy is also associated with the model to enable intelligence domain specific querying of the data. Graph drawing techniques are used to visualize the information represented by the correlation graph. Through real world examples, we demonstrate that the resulting information model can be used for efficient representation, presentation, and querying to discover novel patterns in the intelligence data via graph visualization techniques.
Chiral phosphinamides: new catalysts for the asymmetric reduction of ketones by borane (1998)

We have identified a new class of catalysts for the asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones by borane. Key to the architecture of effective catalysts is an N–PO structural unit which may be part of a phosphinamide, phosphonamide or a related structure. Such catalysts are simple to prepare, are often crystalline solids and may be recovered from reduction reactions and reused. The catalysts act essentially as Lewis bases, serving to increase the reactivity of borane by electron donation. The incorporation of a hydroxy group into the catalyst provides an adjacent Lewis acid site upon reaction with borane and thus affords a superior catalyst capable of asymmetric inductions of up to 92% ee.
Silver(I) complexes of imidazolidine‐2‐thione and triphenylphosphines: Solid‐state, solution NMR and antimicrobial activity studies (2007)

Mixed ligand complexes of Ag(I) with triphenylphosphine (PPh 3 ), triphenylphosphine sulfide (SPPh 3 ), triphenylphosphine selenide (SePPh 3 ) and Imidazolidine‐2‐thione (Imt) have been prepared. The solution as well as solid state NMR studies have been carried out to characterize these complexes. Both solid and solution NMR show the coordination via thione group on one side and (S/Se) or PPh 3 on the other side. A higher antimicrobial activity is shown by [ImtAgPPh 3 ]Cl complex against gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) compared to the other two complexes i.e. [ImtAgSPPh 3 ]Cl and [ImtAgSePPh 3 ]Cl.
Sleeve antenna with ground wires (1991)

Pocklington's integral equation for a sleeve antenna with ground wires is formulated. By applying the Galerkin method to this equation, a sleeve antenna, a monopole antenna with ground wires, and a sleeve antenna with ground wires are analyzed, and numerical results for these antennas are compared with measured data. The sleeve antenna features the leakage current on the surface of the coaxial feeder, suppressed by a sperrtopf, but it is mismatched with the 50- Omega feeder. The monopole antenna with inclined ground wires may be adjusted to match the 50- Omega feeder, but the leakage current induced on the feeder cannot be neglected. It is found that the sleeve antenna with ground wires has the advantages of both antennas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel graphical user interface for high-efficacy modeling of human perceptual similarity opinions (2013)

We present a novel graphical user interface (GUI) that facilitates high-efficacy collection of perceptual similarity opinions of a user in an effective and intuitive manner. The GUI is based on a hybrid mechanism that combines ranking and rating. Namely, it presents a base image for rating its similarity to seven peripheral images that are simultaneously displayed in a circular layout. The user is asked to report the base image’s pairwise similarity to each peripheral image on a fixed scale while preserving the relative ranking among all peripheral images. The collected data are then used to predict the user’s subjective opinions regarding the perceptual similarity of images. We tested this new approach against two methods commonly used in perceptual similarity studies: (1) a ranking method that presents triplets of images for selecting the image pair with the highest internal similarity and (2) a rating method that presents pairs of images for rating their relative similarity on a fixed scale. We aimed to determine which data collection method was the most time efficient and effective for predicting a user’s perceptual opinions regarding the similarity of mammographic masses. Our study was conducted with eight individuals. By using the proposed GUI, we were able to derive individual perceptual similarity profiles with a prediction accuracy ranging from 76.83% to 92.06% which was 41.4% to 46.9% more accurate than those derived with the other two data collection GUIs. The accuracy improvement was statistically significant.
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 expression is involved in cross-resistance to docetaxel in salivary gland adenocarcinoma cell lines. (2007)

The aim of the present study was to clarify whether ATP binding cassette transporters are refractory factors in head and neck cancers. For in vitro and in vivo chemotherapeutic studies, we used the following head and neck cancer cell lines: a mouse oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line, Sq-1979; a human SCC cell line, SCCHA; a mouse salivary gland adenocarcinoma (SGA) cell line, NR-PG; and a human SGA cell line, HSY. We used a vinca alkaloid anticancer drug, vincristine (VCR), as a chemotherapeutic anticancer drug. To determine the cause of multidrug resistance, Western blot analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry of xenografted tumors in nude mice, drug efflux analysis, and drug efflux inhibitory assays were performed. VCR-treated cell lines, Sq-1979/VCR, SCCHA/VCR, NR-PG/VCR, and HSY/VCR, intensively expressed multidrug resistance (MDR) gene 1 mRNA and multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) 1 mRNA. MRP7 mRNA and protein were expressed in NR-PG/VCR and HSY/VCR cells, but not in Sq-1979/VCR and SCCHA/VCR cells. In each cell clone of NR-PG/VCR and HSY/VCR, MRP7 mRNA was induced by VCR treatment, suggesting an acquired resistance to VCR in the context of MRP7 expression. In the in vivo chemotherapeutic nude mice model, VCR-treated xenografted SCCHA and HSY cells expressed MDR1 and MRP1. Moreover, MRP7 expression was immunohistochemically found in xenografted HSY cells of VCR-injected tumor-bearing mice, but not in SCCHA cells. Furthermore, doxorubicin accumulation was increased and drug cross-resistance to docetaxel decreased in HSY/VCR in the presence of a competitive MRP7 inhibitor, 17-beta-estradiol-(17-beta-D-glucuronide). These results indicate that MDR1 expression, MRP1 expression, and MRP7 expression are refractory factors in head and neck cancer chemotherapy and suggest that induction of MRP7 expression is involved in drug resistance to natural products, especially to docetaxel in SGA.
Speaker dynamics as a source of pronunciation variability for continuous speech recognition models (2004)

A significant source of variation in spontaneous speech is due to intra-speaker pronunciation changes. Previous work has identified several factors related to pronunciation variability, such as phonetic context and speaking rate, which are useful to model in automatic speech recognition. This work examines new higher-level information sources: syntax, discourse structure and prosody, specifically the relationship between these factors and pronunciation variation as seen in reduction and hyper-articulation. The key contributions of this work include 1) analysis of high-level factors, providing new cues for improving prediction of pronunciation variation, 2) a framework for including dynamic pronunciation models in automatic speech recognition systems, and 3) an analysis of feature-based pronunciation models with suggestions for their incorporation into ASR systems. Key findings from the analysis of high-level factors are attributes that are most useful for predicting variability, including: part-of-speech (POS) of the target word and neighboring words, location of the word in an utterance, the number of F0 slope changes within the word, word duration, and average word energy. Pronunciation prediction experiments show a reduction in phone error rate of 2.3% relative and similar reductions in perplexity over a baseline model using only phonetic context. Incorporating higher-level information (such as hypothesis-dependent word context or word-level F0 values) into ASR systems requires a rescoring approach. A framework for this is presented, with recognition results using various types of pronunciation models on the Switchboard task. We obtain a small but statistically significant...
Synthesis and Triplex Forming Properties of an Acyclic N<sup>7</sup>-Glycosylated Guanine Nucleoside (1998)

A chiral acyclic nucleoside, one in which the ribose carbohydrate has been replaced with a glycerol-based linker, is prepared by glycosylating guanine at the N7-nitrogen. The stereochemically pure derivative is converted to a DMT-protected phosphoramidite for incorporation into DNA sequences. Sequence containing the acyclic N7-dG nucleoside are capable of forming DNA triplexes in which it is likely that the N1-H and N2-amino groups of the N7-dG are involved in recognition of the guanine base in G-C base pairs.
A conformational switch high-throughput screening assay and allosteric inhibition of the flavivirus NS2B-NS3 protease (2017)

The flavivirus genome encodes a single polyprotein precursor requiring multiple cleavages by host and viral proteases in order to produce the individual proteins that constitute an infectious virion. Previous studies have revealed that the NS2B cofactor of the viral NS2B-NS3 heterocomplex protease displays a conformational dynamic between active and inactive states. Here, we developed a conformational switch assay based on split luciferase complementation (SLC) to monitor the conformational change of NS2B and to characterize candidate allosteric inhibitors. Binding of an active-site inhibitor to the protease resulted in a conformational change of NS2B and led to significant SLC enhancement. Mutagenesis of key residues at an allosteric site abolished this induced conformational change and SLC enhancement. We also performed a virtual screen of NCI library compounds to identify allosteric inhibitors, followed by in vitro biochemical screening of the resultant candidates. Only three of these compounds, NSC135618, 260594, and 146771, significantly inhibited the protease of Dengue virus 2 (DENV2) in vitro, with IC50 values of 1.8 μM, 11.4 μM, and 4.8 μM, respectively. Among the three compounds, only NSC135618 significantly suppressed the SLC enhancement triggered by binding of active-site inhibitor in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that it inhibits the conformational change of NS2B. Results from virus titer reduction assays revealed that NSC135618 is a broad spectrum flavivirus protease inhibitor, and can significantly reduce titers of DENV2, Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Yellow fever virus (YFV) on A549 cells in vivo, with EC50 values in low micromolar range. In contrast, the cytotoxicity of NSC135618 is only moderate with CC50 of 48.8 μM on A549 cells. Moreover, NSC135618 inhibited ZIKV in human placental and neural progenitor cells relevant to ZIKV pathogenesis. Results from binding, kinetics, Western blot, mass spectrometry and mutagenesis experiments unambiguously demonstrated an allosteric mechanism for inhibition of the viral protease by NSC135618.
Growth and body nutrient deposition of two broiler commercial genetic lines (2008)

The objective of this work was to study growth and body nutrient deposition profiles of male and female Cobb and Ross broilers using Gompertz equations. A total number of 1,920 one- to 56-day-old broilers were used. A randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement (2 strains x 2 sex), with 4 replicates of 120 birds each, was applied. Diets were formulated to supply the nutrient requirements recommended by the genetic companies. A sample of birds was weekly weighed and sacrificed after 24 hours fasting. Carcasses were de-feathered and weighed again. The parameters of the Gompertz equation for body weight and its components (water, ashes, protein, and fat) were estimated. An interaction (p<0.05) between sex and breed was observed for mature weight (Wm) (kg), growth rate (b) (daily) and time at maximum growth rate (t*) (day) of body weight, and body water and ash. Cobb was presented earlier growth and body protein and ash deposition. Ross strain was superior in body water deposition.
Differences in blood flow to uterine segments and placentae in relation to sex, intrauterine location and side in pregnant rats (1994)

The effects of location within the left or right uterine horn, position within each uterine horn, and fetal sex on fetal bodymass, blood flow to individual uterine segments associated with fetuses, and blood flow to the maternal portion of the placenta were investigated in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetized on day 5, 10, 15, 20, 21 or 22 of pregnancy, and radioactive microspheres with diameters of 15 mm were injected via a left ventricular cannula to measure blood flow to tissues. Tissues were weighed wet, and the rate of blood flow, corrected for wet mass (ml min-1 g-1 tissue), was calculated. Microspheres were not detected in fetuses, suggesting that they did not pass from maternal into fetal blood. Uterine blood flow was greater at the cervical and ovarian ends than in the middle of the uterus; on day 15 the rate of blood flow at the cervical and ovarian ends of each uterine horn was over twice that in the middle. The blood flow to the right uterine horn was greater than to the left horn. Blood flow to placentae increased dramatically between day 15 and day 20. There were marked differences in architecture between the uterine artery feeding the ovarian end of the right and left uterine horn, and blood flow to placentae located at the ovarian end of the right uterine horn was greater than to placentae in the same location in the left uterine horn. The blood flow to placentae and fetal bodymass were greater for female than for male fetuses on day 20, but on day 22 the reverse was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Channel Estimation for Amplify and Forward Relay Based Cooperation Diversity Systems (2007)

Cooperation diversity schemes have been proposed for cellular networks that permit a base station (or a mobile station) to relay signals to a destination receiver, thereby increasing the network coverage and reliability. The mobile relays either decode and forward (DF) or amplify and forward (AF) the received signal. Most existing analyses of cooperation diversity assumes perfect channel information at the receiver. A realistic assessment should consider the effects of practical channel estimation schemes. This paper considers pilot symbol aided channel estimation for cooperation diversity systems. Since the overall channel in AF systems is different from conventional cellular channels, the channel estimation problem is interesting and challenging and therefore our focus is on AF systems. The paper addresses issues such as the estimator design, pilot symbol spacing based upon realistic channel models, and an approximate bit error rate (BER) analysis that accounts for imperfect channel estimation.
Photonic Micro-Electromechanical Systems Vibrating at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>X</mml:mi></mml:math>-band (11-GHz) Rates (2009)

We report on an opto-mechanical resonator with vibration excited by compressive radiation pressure via stimulated Brillouin scattering [SBS]. We experimentally excite a mechanical whispering-gallery mode (WGM) from an optical WGM and detect vibration via the red Doppler shifted (Stokes) light it scatters. We numerically solve the stress-strain equation to calculate the circumferentially circulating mechanical WGM and reveal mechanical WGMs with a variety of transverse shapes. Frequency in our device is limited by the shortest optical wavelength it can transmit, irrespective of device size.
The Resurrection of Victim Impact Evidence in Capital Sentencing: Payne v. Tennessee (1992)

harm caused by the accused, it is unfair inasmuch as the jury will be emotionally swayed when determining what is one of the most solemn decisions society must make-life or death.
Immobilization-induced activation of key proteolytic systems in skeletal muscles is prevented by a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (2013)

Long periods of skeletal muscle disuse result in muscle fiber atrophy, and mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) appears to be a required signal for the increase in protein degradation that occurs during disuse muscle atrophy. The experiments detailed here demonstrate for the first time in limb muscle that the inactivity-induced increases in E3 ligase expression and autophagy biomarkers result from increases in mitochondrial ROS emission. Treatment of animals with a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant also prevented the disuse-induced decrease in anabolic signaling (Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling) that is normally associated with prolonged inactivity in skeletal muscles. Additionally, our results confirm previous findings that treatment with a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant is sufficient to prevent casting-induced skeletal muscle atrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of the proteases calpain and caspase-3. Collectively, these data reveal that inactivity-induced increases in mitochondrial ROS emission play a required role in activation of key proteolytic systems and the downregulation of important anabolic signaling molecules in muscle fibers exposed to prolonged inactivity.
An equipment health monitoring and fleet dispatching system for logging trucks (2003)

Summary form only given. A research project directed at the development of an automatic fleet monitoring system is described. Log truck operating parameters are monitored remotely and automatically and transmitted to a base station for data-logging and near real time display and analysis. The system is being developed for the special needs of the forest industry. It is hoped that when fully operational and linked to fleet dispatching and maintenance trending algorithms, it will realize estimated cost savings of 15-30%. The vehicle monitoring system consists of: (1) an onboard computer system that monitors the mechanical health of the trucks, (2) a DataRadio telemetry system to transfer the collected data to the base station via a repeater, and (3) a base computer for polling the trucks, data logging, display and analysis. The system samples 27 mechanical parameters, including engine oil and coolant pressure, temperature, and level; exhaust gas, retarder oil, transmission oil, and differential oil temperatures; and brake supply and application air pressure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impedance Method for Localizing Brain Structures (1964)

<h3>Introduction</h3> It was previously shown<sup>6,7</sup>that variations in impedance measured between the tip of a moving macroelectrode and some remote point could be used to identify passage of the electrode into a variety of structures deep within the brain. By this means, direct localization of the electrode with respect to certain neural structures was possible; in addition, these directly identified areas provided landmarks which served to indirectly localize an even wider variety of structures. Although stereotactic techniques were utilized to orient the electrode, final placement in accordance with impedance changes was shown to be considerably more accurate than if stereotaxis alone had been used. Verification of the localization of the electrodes by means independent of impedance variations was provided by carefully noting behavioral changes evoked by passing a train of stimulating pulses through the electrode at each millimeter of travel. Once the verification has been demonstrated, the stimulating current
Substrate specificity of an oxygen dependent sulfoxide synthase in ovothiol biosynthesis (2013)

OvoA is an iron(II) dependent sulfoxide synthase which catalyzes the first step in ovothiol A biosynthesis. This enzyme sulphurizes the C5 position of the imidazole side chain of L-histidine. We report the substrate specificity profile of this catalyst and present data which indicate that OvoA catalysis follows an thiol-ene type mechanism.