gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization and characterization of dual-chirped optical parametric amplification (2015)

We report optimization and characterization of a dual-chirped optical parametric amplification (DC-OPA) scheme (2011 Opt. Express 19 7190). By increasing a pump pulse energy to 100 mJ, a total (signal + idler) output energy exceeding 30 mJ was recorded with higher than 30% conversion efficiency. The feasibility of further increasing the output energy to a higher scale using the DC-OPA scheme was confirmed by a proof-of-principle experiment, in which 30%–40% conversion efficiency was observed. The signal pulse with the center wavelength of 1.4 μm was compressed to 27 fs (FWHM), which was very close to a transform-limited pulse duration of 25 fs. Since the DC-OPA scheme is efficient for generating high-energy infrared (IR) pulses with excellent scaling ability, the design parameters for obtaining hundred-mJ-level and even joule-level IR pulses are discussed and presented in detail.
The Application of the DESIR Technique to the Analysis of Beer (1993)

The Dry Extract Spectroscopy by Infrared Reflection (DESIR) technique was used to predict bitterness, total soluble nitrogen and free amino nitrogen concentrations in beer. Spectra were recorded of the extracts of 65 beers and calibration was attempted using multiple linear and partial least squares regression on raw, derivative and transformed data. High correlations and low errors of prediction were obtained using the DESIR technique for the analysis of free amino nitrogen and total soluble nitrogen. However, poor correlations were observed between NIR spectral data and bitterness values. The technique was shown to be a rapid, repeatable and accurate alternative to traditional methods.
Multidimensional, magnetohydrodynamic simulation of solar-generated disturbances - Space weather forecasting of geomagnetic storms (1998)

A short review is given, first, of an extension of classical, continuum gasdynamics to solar system magnetohy-drodynamics (MHD) in both the steady and time-dependent contexts. A slightly longer review is given of two-and three-dimenslonal, numerical, MHD simulations of transient, solar-generated disturbances in the inner solar system. Validation of this approach is provided by making use of several examples wherein shock shapes and energetic particle fluxes (generated by shocks) are empirically confirmed. Although these studies are based on an ideal, one-fluid (proton) plasma, we suggest that a three-dimensional MHD model be employed to make use of presently available solar observations as approximate physical parameters for initialization conditions. Such a model may be useful, within the space weather national implementation plan, for geomagnetic storm forecasts.
The SPS-41 and SPS-81 programmable digital signal processors (1973)

The SPS-41 and SPS-81 are very high speed multiprocessor computers designed for signal processing applications. They can either function as stand-alone processors or operate in conjunction with a conventional computer. The SPS-41 provides the capability to perform signal processing functions with about a 100 fold increase in speed over a conventional computer—typically 8.3 milliseconds for a 1024 complex Fast Fourier Transform. The SPS-81 is roughly twice as fast as the SPS-41. This speed is achieved through a highly parallel architecture which is optimized for signal processing operations.
Asymptotics and zero distribution of Padé polynomials associated with the exponential function (1997)

The polynomials P n and Qm having degrees n and m respectively, with P n monic, that solve the approximation problem P n (z)e \\Gammaz +Qm (z) = O \\Gamma z n+m+1 \\Delta will be investigated for their asymptotic behavior, in particular in connection with the distribution of their zeros. The symbol O means that the left-hand side should vanish at the origin at least to the order n+m+1. This problem is discussed in great detail in a series of papers by Saff and Varga. In the present paper we show how their results can be obtained by using uniform expansions of integrals in which Airy functions are the main approximants. We give approximations of the zeros of P n and Qm in terms of zeros of certain Airy functions, as well of those of the remainder defined by E n;m (z) = P n (z)e \\Gammaz +Qm (z).
A new cellular target for mitomycin C: a case for mitochondrial DNA. (1997)

Mitomycin C (MMC) is an anticancer, antibiotic that is currently used clinically against a wide variety of tumors. Nuclear DNA is regarded as the primary cellular target for mitomycin's toxicity. In this study, the effect of MMC on mitochondrial DNA was tested both in vitro and in vivo. EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma cells were treated with MMC and conformational changes in their mitochondrial DNA were determined as a measure of mitochondrial DNA damage. A dose-dependent relationship was observed between MMC treatment dosages and mitochondrial DNA damage. Liver tissue mitochondria from Balb/c mice treated with MMC were assayed for mitochondrial integrity. Mitochondrial integrity was lowered in the MMC-treated animals. Liver tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were also shown to be significantly decreased in these same animals. We also show that MMC can be activated by mitochondria. These studies provide strong evidence that mitochondrial DNA is a target for MMC and that this interaction has a biochemical consequence that could prove toxic.
A Simple Derivation of the Boltzmann Distribution (1999)

The Boltzmann distribution is a central concept in chemistry and its derivation is usually a key component of introductory statistical mechanics courses. However, the derivation, as outlined in most standard physical chemistry textbooks, can be a particularly daunting task for undergraduate students because of the mathematical and conceptual difficulties involved in its presentation. A simple alternative derivation that links familiar concepts from thermodynamics to concepts from statistical mechanics is presented here.
Increased expression of ADAM 9 and ADAM 15 mRNA in pancreatic cancer. (2007)

ADAM 9 and ADAM 15 are involved in pancreatic cancer. Microdissection-based analysis appears to be indispensable for the accurate analysis of the expression of certain ADAM family members in pancreatic cancer.
836 MHz/1.95GHz Dual-Band Class-E Power Amplifier Using Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Lines (2006)

A dual-band Class-E power amplifier using composite right/left-handed transmission lines is proposed. Dual-mode operation is achieved by the frequency offset and nonlinear phase slope of CRLH TL for the matching network of power amplifiers. The frequency ratio of two operating frequencies is not necessarily an integer. Two operating frequencies are chosen 836MHz and 1.95GHz in this work. The simulated results show that output power of 24.9 and 24.1 dBm was obtained at 836MHz and 1.95GHz, respectively. In terms of maximum PAE, we obtain 48.63% and 48.29% at two operating frequencies
A Review on MR Image Intensity Inhomogeneity Correction (2006)

Intensity inhomogeneity (IIH) is often encountered in MR imaging, and a number of techniques have been devised to correct this artifact. This paper attempts to review some of the recent developments in the mathematical modeling of IIH field. Low-frequency models are widely used, but they tend to corrupt the low-frequency components of the tissue. Hypersurface models and statistical models can be adaptive to the image and generally more stable, but they are also generally more complex and consume more computer memory and CPU time. They are often formulated together with image segmentation within one framework and the overall performance is highly dependent on the segmentation process. Beside these three popular models, this paper also summarizes other techniques based on different principles. In addition, the issue of quantitative evaluation and comparative study are discussed.
pH-dependence of the dithiol-oxidizing activity of DsbA (a periplasmic protein thiol:disulphide oxidoreductase) and protein disulphide-isomerase: studies with a novel simple peptide substrate (1996)

A decapeptide containing two cysteine residues at positions 3 and 8 has been designed for use in monitoring the disulphide bond-forming activity of thiol:disulphide oxidoreductases. The peptide contains a tryptophan residue adjacent to one of the cysteine residues and an arginine residue adjacent to the other. Oxidation of this dithiol peptide to the disulphide state is accompanied by a significant change in tryptophan fluorescence emission intensity. This fluorescence quenching was used as the basis for monitoring the disulphide bond-forming activity of the enzymes protein disulphide-isomerase (PDI) and DsbA (a periplasmic protein thiol:disulphide oxidoreductase) in the pH range 4.0-7.5, where the rates of spontaneous or chemical oxidation are low. Reaction rates were found to be directly proportional to enzyme concentration, and more detailed analysis indicated that the rate-determining step in the overall process was the reoxidation of the reduced form of the enzyme by GSSG. The pH-dependence of the enzyme-catalysed reaction reflected primarily the pKa of the reactive cysteine residue at the active site of each enzyme. The data indicate a pKapp of 5.6 for bovine PDI and of 5.1 for Vibrio cholerae DsbA.
Efficient pass-parallel architecture for EBCOT in JPEG2000 (2003)

In this paper we propose an efficient architecture composed of pass-parallel context modeling scheme and low-cost pass switching arithmetic encoder (PSAE) for EBCOT entropy encoder used in JPEG2000. The pass-parallel context modeling scheme merges the three coding passes of bit-plane coding process into a single pass to improve the system performance. Instead of using three arithmetic encoders, the PSAE needs only one arithmetic encoder, and thus reduces the hardware cost. The proposed architecture therefore has three main advantages: 1) fast computation, 2) low internal memory accesses, and 3) compared with the conventional architectures it reduces 4K bits of internal memories. The experimental results show that the proposed architecture reduces the processing time by more than 25% compared with the previous methods.
Continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist dulaglutide in combination with prandial insulin lispro: an <scp>AWARD</scp> ‐4 substudy (2016)

In combination with prandial lispro, treatment with dulaglutide and glargine resulted in similar proportions of glucose values in the normoglycaemic range, but dulaglutide provided an improved balance between the proportion of values within the near-normoglycaemia range and values within the hypoglycaemic range.
Low power smart sensor for accurate temperature measurements (2011)

A low power smart temperature sensor followed by an SC amplifier, buffer stage and a 12bit Successive-Approximation analogue-digital converter (ADC) for autonomous multi-sensor systems is presented. The proposed design is accurate within 0.1°C over the temperature range of -55°C to 125°C. A PTAT source like the one presented in was used as a high accuracy temperature sensor. The read-out enables a differential reading of the reference and actual temperature. The succeeding ADC digitizes the output with a bit-clock of 50-kHz. The power consumption with a 1.2V supply is 0.1μW. The ADC has a Figure-of-Merit of 66 fJ/conversion-step. The whole system is implemented in the NXP CMOS 0.14μm technology. The die area is 0.27 mmp <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the whole system consumes less than 16μW.
Sparse localized deformation components (2013)

We propose a method that extracts sparse and spatially localized deformation modes from an animated mesh sequence. To this end, we propose a new way to extend the theory of sparse matrix decompositions to 3D mesh sequence processing, and further contribute with an automatic way to ensure spatial locality of the decomposition in a new optimization framework. The extracted dimensions often have an intuitive and clear interpretable meaning. Our method optionally accepts user-constraints to guide the process of discovering the underlying latent deformation space. The capabilities of our efficient, versatile, and easy-to-implement method are extensively demonstrated on a variety of data sets and application contexts. We demonstrate its power for user friendly intuitive editing of captured mesh animations, such as faces, full body motion, cloth animations, and muscle deformations. We further show its benefit for statistical geometry processing and biomechanically meaningful animation editing. It is further shown qualitatively and quantitatively that our method outperforms other unsupervised decomposition methods and other animation parameterization approaches in the above use cases.
Language independent query-by-example spoken term detection using N-best phone sequences and partial matching (2015)

In this paper, we propose a partial sequence matching based symbolic search (SS) method for the task of language independent query-by-example spoken term detection. One main drawback of conventional SS approach is the high miss rate for long queries. This is due to high variations in symbol representation of query and search audios, especially in language independent scenario. The successful matching of a query with its instances in search audio becomes exponentially more difficult as the query grows longer. To reduce miss rate, we propose a partial matching strategy, in which all partial phone sequences of a query are used to search for query instances. The partial matching is also suitable for real life applications where exact match is usually not necessary and word prefix, suffix, and order should not affect the search result. When applied to the QUESST 2014 task, results show the partial matching of phone sequences is able to reduce miss rate of long queries significantly compared with conventional full matching method. In addition, for the most challenging inexact matching queries (type 3), it also shows clear advantage over DTW-based methods.
A flip-chip implementation of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) (2002)

We describe a flip-chip MCM-D implementation of a Data Encryption Standard (DES) engine. Novel features include the following: use of dense area-array I/O to achieve high bandwidth, fully-pipelined architecture which supports multiple encryptions (e.g., triple DES) with no loss of throughput; ability to multiplex datastreams, each under the control of a potentially unique key, and use of the MCM-D substrate to distribute power, ground and clock signals. The chip is being fabricated in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS process, while the MCM is being built in a 4-layer polyimide MCM-D process. Circuit simulations indicate the device will operate with a throughput of 9.6 Gb/s.
<i>In Vivo</i> Regulation of <i>De Novo</i> Methionine Biosynthesis in a Higher Plant (<i>Lemna</i>) (1985)

Administration of methionine to growing Lemna had essentially no effect on accumulation of sulfate sulfur in protein cysteine, but decreased accumulation into cystathionine and its products (homocysteine, methionine, S-methylmethioninesulfonium salt, S-adenosylmethionine, and S-adenosylhomocysteine) to as low as 21% that of control plants, suggesting that methionine regulates its own de novo synthesis at cystathionine synthesis. Methionine caused only a slight reduction (to 80% that of control plants) in the accumulation of sucrose carbon into the 4-carbon moieties of cystathionine and products. This observation was puzzling since cystathionine synthesis proceeds by incorporation of equivalent amounts of sulfur (from cysteine) and 4-carbon moieties (from O-phosphohomoserine). The apparent inconsistency was resolved by the demonstration in Lemna (Giovanelli, Datko, Mudd, Thompson 1983 Plant Physiol 71: 319-326) that de novo synthesis of the methionine 4-carbon moiety occurs not only via the established transsulfuration route from O-phosphohomoserine, but also via the ribose moiety of 5'-methylthioadenosine. It is now clear that the more accurate assessment of the flux of sulfur (and 4-carbon moieties) through transsulfuration is provided by the amount of (35)S from (35)SO(4) (2-) that accumulates in cystathionine and its products, rather than by the corresponding measurements with (14)C. These studies therefore unequivocally demonstrate in higher plants that methionine does indeed feedback regulate it own de novo synthesis in vivo, and that cystathionine synthesis is a locus for this regulation.
Detection of Salmonella in food samples by the combination of immunomagnetic separation and PCR assay. (2000)

A combination of immunomagnetic separation and polymerase chain reaction (IMS-PCR) was used to detect Salmonella in food samples. Pre-enrichment of samples was combined with filtration through a membrane for the removal of food debris. The IMS-PCR assay combines selective extraction of bacteria by specific antibodies with primer specific PCR amplification that enables to detect Salmonella in non-fatty food samples in 24 h. In comparison with conventional cultural methods, the IMS-PCR is a rapid and specific method. Combined with filtration bags, it partially reduces the negative effects of the food matrix and allows the quick detection of Salmonella cells. The shortened protocols for Salmonella spp. detection described here can improve considerably current methodologies.
Mechanisms and Prevention of Corrosion in Carbonaceous Gases (2001)

Carbonaceous gases can cause carburization, metal dusting and coking on metals and alloys. The mechanisms and kinetics of these phenomena are described for iron and steels, nickel and Ni-base alloys, and ways and means for their prevention are pointed out. The carbon transfer to the metal phase, necessary for these phenomena can be impeded by sulfur adsorbed from the atmosphere and the metal dusting mechanism on iron and steels can be interrupted by sulfur. Also protective Cr-rich oxide scales can hinder or even suppress carbon transfer and in this way the deleterious phenomena. Too high temperatures (> 1050°C) must be avoided since the scales may fail by conversion to carbides. At lower temperatures (< 650 °C) protective scales may not be formed due to too slow Cr-diffusion and their formation must be fostered by providing fast diffusion paths.
A Maximum-Likelihood Approach to Single-Particle Image Refinement (1998)

The alignment of single-particle images fails at low signal-to-noise ratios and small particle sizes, because noise produces false peaks in the cross-correlation function used for alignment. A maximum-likelihood approach to the two-dimensional alignment problem is described which allows the underlying structure to be estimated from large data sets of very noisy images. Instead of finding the optimum alignment for each image, the algorithm forms a weighted sum over all possible in-plane rotations and translations of the image. The weighting factors, which are the probabilities of the image transformations, are computed as the exponential of a cross-correlation function. Simulated data sets were constructed and processed by the algorithm. The results demonstrate a greatly reduced sensitivity to the choice of a starting reference, and the ability to recover structures from large data sets having very low signal-to-noise ratios.
Beam Properties Of A CO2 Continuous-Wave Electric Discharge Laser (1979)

The design and performance of a CO2 CNN' Electric Discharge Laser (EDL) is described. Particular emphasis is given to the effects of medium inhomogeneities and mode medium interaction on the properties of the output beam. Experimental results show medium density profiles, predominantly linear, quadratic and cubic, arising from the heating due to power loading of the gas. Fluctuations in the output flux are also shown. These arise from the interaction of the mode flux with the medium. The variation of this interaction with device parameters on beam quality is discussed. Experimental results showing a minimal impact of mode-medium effects on beam quality are shown.
Multiexon deletion in an osteogenesis imperfecta variant with increased type III collagen mRNA. (1985)

Recently, the dermal fibroblasts (ATCC CRL 1262) of a lethal perinatal variant of osteogenesis imperfecta have been used for the first molecular characterization of a collagen gene defect (Chu, M. L., Williams, C. J., Pepe, G., Hirsch, J. L., Prockop, D. J., and Ramirez, F. (1983) Nature (Lond.) 304, 78-80). These studies revealed that the patient was heterozygous for an internal deletion of approximately 500 base pairs in the pro-alpha 1(I) collagen gene, consistent with previous investigations indicating that CRL 1262 fibroblasts equally synthesized a normal and a shortened pro-alpha 1(I) chain (Barsh, G. S., and Byers, P. H. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 5142-5146). Cloning and analysis of the affected allele of CRL 1262 has now indicated that the deletion is contained between two introns of the pro-alpha 1(I) gene and results in the elimination of three exons of the triple helical domain. Furthermore, the termini of the rearrangement are located within two short inverted repeats suggesting that the self-complementary nature of these DNA elements may have favored the formation of a DNA secondary structure intermediate which, in turn, served as substrate for the deletion. Evidence are also presented for an elevated Type III collagen mRNA content in the patient fibroblasts.
Role of Albumin in the Formation and Stabilization of Nanoparticle Aggregates in Serum Studied by Continuous Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Multiscale Computer Simulations (2014)

Recently, small (<5 nm diameter) nanoparticles (NPs) have shown improved <i>in vivo</i> biocompatibility compared to that of larger (>10 nm) NPs. However, the fate of small NPs under physiological conditions is poorly understood and remains unexplored. Here, the long-term aggregation behavior of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exposed to serum proteins in a near-physiological setup is studied using continuous photon correlation spectroscopy and computer simulations. It is found that the medium, temperature, and NP concentration affect the aggregation of AuNPs, but the observed aggregates are much smaller than previously reported. Simulations show that a single layer of albumin is deposited on the NP surface, but the properties of the aggregates (size, shape, and internal structure) depend critically on the charge distribution on the proteins, which changes with the conditions of the solution. These results explain the seemingly conflicting data reported in the literature regarding the size of aggregates and the morphology of the albumin corona. The simulations suggest that controlling the concentration of NPs as well as the pH and ionic strength of the solution prior to intravenous administration may help to preserve properties of the functionalized NPs in the bloodstream.
Ministering with and to Older People (2011)

In their discussion Madeline Light and Oonagh O'Brien share observations and reflections derived from years of being immersed in a community of older people. Then they review a qualitative exercise that explored the possible nurture of faith by the Alpha course. The reflections include the role of an Anglican priest, expectations of clerical and lay ministry, the importance of friendship, the need for affirmation, the desire for continual learning and changes in practical theology. The implications of the changes in practical theology are reflected upon in this planning for the proposal for the professional doctorate thesis.