gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drift and parameter compensated flux estimator for persistent zero stator frequency operation of sensorless controlled induction motors (2003)

The performance of sensorless controlled induction motors is poor at very low speed. The reasons are the limited accuracy of stator voltage acquisition and the presence of offset and drift components in the acquired signals. To overcome these problems, a pure integrator is employed for stator flux estimation. The time-variable DC offset voltage is estimated from the flux drift in a parallel stator model and used to eliminate the offset by feedforward control. Residual high-frequency disturbances are compensated by feedback flux amplitude control. A linearization of the PWM inverter transfer function and an improved stator resistance estimation scheme further enhance the system performance. Experiments demonstrate high dynamic performance of sensorless control at extreme low speed and zero stator frequency.
New Reasons for Installing a Chloride By-Pass. Interaction Between Chloride and Sulphur (2008)

The growing use of alternative fuels and raw materials are increasing the input of chloride to many kiln systems. Too high chloride is influencing economy in clinker production by causing kiln stoppages, corrosion, and uneven clinker quality. The effects of chloride are strongly influenced by the sulphur load in the kiln. This paper presents a modelling of the chloride circulation in the kiln and how this is influenced by the sulphur load, deduced from simple thermodynamic considerations, and supported by statistical treatment of data collected from more than 50 modern kiln systems. A new reason for installing a by-pass is introduced: The use of the by-pass to counteract SO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions caused by pyrite containing raw materials is documented. Simple calculation rules are presented showing the basic differences in design of small (1- 3%) and large (>10%) by-passes. Differences in chloride sensitivity between pre-heater and pre-calciner kilns are explained and illustrated. Finally some modern by-pass designs are presented.
A Recommendation of Cultural Conditions of the Cell in Vitro (2002)

Cell culture is one of the basic methods in the field of cytologic research. Cell requires strict outside conditions when it was cultured in vitro. A tiny change of cultural condition will affect seriously on the normal growth of cell. On the basis of the studies on two species of mammalian cell cultrue, this article has discussed the influence on cellular growth when some factors has changed in the culture solution.
Complete Temperature Profiles in Ultra-High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Columns (2008)

The temperature profiles were calculated along and across seven packed columns (lengths 30, 50, 100, and 150 mm, i.d., 1 and 2.1 mm, all packed with Acquity UPLC, BEH-C 18 particles, average d(p) approximately 1.7 microm) and their stainless steel tubes (o.d. 4.53 and 6.35 mm). These columns were kept horizontal and sheltered from forced air convection (i.e., under still air conditions), at room temperature. They were all percolated with pure acetonitrile, either under the maximum pressure drop (1034 bar) or at the maximum flow rate (2 mL/min) permitted by the chromatograph. The heat balance equation of chromatographic columns was discretized and solved numerically with minimum approximation. Both the compressibility and the thermal expansion of the eluent were taken into account. The boundary conditions were determined from the experimental measurements of the column inlet pressure and of the temperature profile along the column wall, which were made with a precision better than +/-0.1 K. These calculation results provide the 3-D temperature profiles along and across the columns. The axial and radial temperature gradients are discussed in relationship with the experimental conditions used. The temperature map obtained permits a prediction of the chromatographic data obtained under a very high pressure gradient.
The spectrum of molecular nitrogen (1977)

This is a critical review and compilation of the observed and predicted spectroscopic data on the molecule N2 and its ions N2 −, N2 +, N2 2+, and the molecule N3. Each electronic band system is discussed in detail, and tables of band origins and heads are given. In addition to the gas phase electronic, electron and Raman spectra, there are also examined the spectra of condensed molecular nitrogen as well as the pressure- and field-induced infrared and microwave absorption. Dissociation energy of N2, predissociations, and perturbations are discussed. Potential energy curves are given, as well as radiative lifetimes, f-values, and Franck-Condon integrals. Molecular constants are listed for the known electronic states. Electronic structure and theoretical calculations are reviewed.
Conformations of Peptidomimetics Formed by SNAr Macrocyclizations: 13- to 16-Membered Ring Systems[≠] (1999)

Theβ-turn peptidomimics 1 were designed to have “turn–extended-pseudo-turn” conformations similar to some cyclic hexapeptides, and it was proposed that n=1 would be ideal for this. NMR and CD studies, interfaced with molecular simulations, verified that the molecules indeed prefer β-turn conformations in the dipeptide fragment, and that such conformations were most easily attained when n=1. The turn type adopted by the dipeptide fragment was shown to be close to an ideal type I β-turn.
Efficient high repetition rate synchronous amplification of a passively mode-locked femtosecond dye laser (1993)

We demonstrate reliable operation of a stable synchronously pumped dye amplifier for femtosecond pulses from a passively mode-locked dye laser. Conversion efficiencies of 8% are obtained with output powers of 40 mW and 50-fs pulse widths at repetition rates of up to 10 kHz with pulse energy stability of 3% rms. Synchronization is achieved by driving the frequency-modulated mode-locked seed oscillator for the regenerative amplifier pump laser directly from the dye laser oscillator. Low timing jitter between the dye oscillator and seed laser of less than 1 ps leads to efficient amplification and low amplified spontaneous emission (1%) from the amplifier.
Compact, filtered diode laser system for precision spectroscopy (2007)

Stable, narrow-linewidth optical sources are necessary in modern atomic physics. An appealing approach to achieving approximately 10 kHz frequency stability is optical feedback. We have designed a compact external cavity diode laser with optical feedback to a filter cavity mounted on a single baseplate and enclosed inside a vacuum sealed box. The design was implemented for three wavelengths addressing the 422 nm cooling, 1091 nm repumping, and 674 nm clock transition lines of Sr(+). We are able to cool a single, trapped strontium ion to approximately 2 mK and observe motional sidebands of the 5S(1/2) <--> 4D(5/2) transition.
Culturing selects for specific genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi in an enzootic cycle in Colorado (1997)

In Colorado, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is maintained in an enzootic cycle between Ixodes spinipalpis ticks and Neotoma mexicana rats (27). The frequencies of flagellin (fla), 66-kDa protein (p66), and outer surface protein A (ospA) alleles were examined in 71 B. burgdorferi isolates from samples from Colorado. Approximately two-thirds of these samples were isolates from I. spinipalpis ticks that had been cultured in BSK-H medium prior to DNA extraction. The remaining samples were from total DNA extracted directly from infected I. spinipalpis ticks. A portion of each gene was amplified by PCR and screened for genetic variability by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. We identified three alleles in the fla gene, seven in the p66 gene, and seven in the ospA gene. Sequencing verified that the amplified products originated from B. burgdorferi template DNA and indicated 100% sensitivity and specificity of the SSCP analysis. The frequencies of the p66 and ospA alleles were significantly different between cultured and uncultured spirochetes. The number of three-locus genotypes and the genetic diversity of alleles at all loci were consistently lower in cultured spirochetes, suggesting that culturing of B. burgdorferi in BSK-H medium may select for specific genotypes.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticulate system: synthesis, targeting, drug delivery and therapy in cancer (2019)

Cancer is a global epidemic and is considered a leading cause of death. Various cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy are available for the cure but those are generally associated with poor long-term survival rates. Consequently, more advanced and selective methods that have better outcomes, fewer side effects, and high efficacies are highly in demand. Among these is the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) which act as an innovative kit for battling cancer. Low cost, magnetic properties and toxicity properties enable SPIONs to be widely utilized in biomedical applications. For example, magnetite and maghemite (Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3) exhibit superparamagnetic properties and are widely used in drug delivery, diagnosis, and therapy. These materials are termed SPIONs when their size is smaller than 20 nm. This review article aims to provide a brief introduction on SPIONs, focusing on their fundamental magnetism and biological applications. The quality and surface chemistry of SPIONs are crucial in biomedical applications; therefore an in-depth survey of synthetic approaches and surface modifications of SPIONs is provided along with their biological applications such as targeting, site-specific drug delivery and therapy.
Preliminary Incidence and Trends of Infections with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food — Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2015–2018 (2019)

Foodborne diseases represent a major health problem in the United States. The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of CDC's Emerging Infections Program monitors cases of laboratory-diagnosed infection caused by eight pathogens transmitted commonly through food in 10 U.S. sites.* This report summarizes preliminary 2018 data and changes since 2015. During 2018, FoodNet identified 25,606 infections, 5,893 hospitalizations, and 120 deaths. The incidence of most infections is increasing, including those caused by Campylobacter and Salmonella, which might be partially attributable to the increased use of culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs). The incidence of Cyclospora infections increased markedly compared with 2015-2017, in part related to large outbreaks associated with produce (1). More targeted prevention measures are needed on produce farms, food animal farms, and in meat and poultry processing establishments to make food safer and decrease human illness.
Shoot and Root Growth of Rice (Oryza sativa) in Response to V-10029<sup>1</sup> (2002)

Greenhouse studies were initiated in 2001 to evaluate the effect of V-10029 applications on shoot and root growth of rice cultivars. V-10029 applications did not affect the shoot and root weight or shoot–root ratio of Cocodrie. Tolerance of Bengal was less than that of Cocodrie and was growth stage dependent. V-10029 treatments at the one- to two-leaf rice growth stage reduced shoot growth but had no effect on root, resulting in a lower shoot–root ratio compared with that of the nontreated 1 wk after treatment (WAT). At 2 and 3 WAT, both shoot and root growth were reduced by V-10029, with shoot–root ratio being greater than that of the nontreated, indicating a greater inhibition of roots than of shoots. V-10029 treatments at the two- to three-leaf rice growth stage reduced both shoot and root growth of Bengal across all three sampling dates. V-10029 treatments at the three- to four-leaf rice growth stage did not affect shoot growth but reduced root growth 2 and 3 WAT with no difference in shoot–root ratio. There was no difference in shoot and root weight or shoot–root ratio between the propanil comparison treatment and the nontreated. These results indicate that rice cultivars may differ in their tolerance to V-10029 and tolerance may be growth stage dependent.Nomenclature: V-10029, sodium 2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]benzoate; propanil; rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Cocodrie’, ‘Bengal’.Additional index words: Herbicide tolerance, shoot–root ratio.Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate synthase; WAT, weeks after treatment.
A study on the impact of product images on user clicks for online shopping (2011)

In this paper we study the importance of image based features on the click-through rate (CTR) in the context of a large scale product search engine. Typically product search engines use text based features in their ranking function. We present a novel idea of using image based features, common in the photography literature, in addition to text based features. We used a stochastic gradient boosting based regression model to learn relationships between features and CTR. Our results indicate statistically significant correlations between the image features and CTR. We also see improvements to NDCG and mean standard regression.
Evidence by molecular profiling for a placental origin of infantile hemangioma (2005)

The origin of the pathogenic endothelial cells in common infantile hemangioma is unknown. We show here that the transcriptomes of human placenta and infantile hemangioma are sufficiently similar to suggest a placental origin for this tumor, expanding on recent immunophenotypical studies that have suggested this possibility [North, P. E., et al. (2001) Arch. Dermatol. 137, 559-570]. The transcriptomes of placenta, hemangioma, and eight normal and diseased tissues were compared by hierarchical and nonhierarchical clustering analysis of >7,800 genes. We found that the level of transcriptome similarity between placenta and hemangioma exceeded that of any other tissue compared and paralleled that observed between a given tissue and its derived tumor, such as normal and cancerous lung. The degree of similarity was even greater when a subset of endothelial cell-specific genes was analyzed. Genes preferentially expressed in both placenta and hemangiomas were identified, including 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2. These data demonstrate the value of global molecular profiling of tissues as a tool for hypothesis-driven research. Furthermore, it suggests that the unique self-limited growth of infantile hemangioma may, in fact, mirror the lifetime of placental endothelium.
Effects of Foliar Methanol Applications on Crop Yield (1995)

Recent reports indicate that vegetative growth and yield of C 3 crops are enhanced by foliar methanol application and that overall crop water use was reduced by methanol sprays. It has been suggested that methanol may act as a C source for the plant and a photorespiration inhibitor. Field experiments were conducted near Pendleton, OR, during 1993 and 1994 to determine if foliar methanol applications would increase crop growth and yield in the dryland agroecosystems common to the Pacific Northwest. Methanol solutions (200 or 400 mL L −1 with a surfactant) were applied to winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), spring wheat, spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and pea ( Pisum sativum L.) at several plant growth stages. Phytotoxic symptoms were observed only with the highest concentration of methanol. No significant response, either beneficial or detrimental, to methanol application was found in any crop. No differences were found in stomatal conductance or leaf specific weight between any methanol treatment and the controls. Methanol applications did not significantly increase crop growth or yield. We concluded that methanol applications will not benefit grain and pea production in the northwestern USA.
The mode of action of anti-angiogenic steroid and heparin (1992)

Reports on the effect of dexamethasone (DM) on angiogenesis are conflicting. Gross et al. [1] reported that DM, applied locally as a sustained-release polymer, suppressed angiogenesis and tumor growth in a rabbit V2 carcinoma implanted in the rabbit cornea. However, Crum et al. [2] showed little or no anti-angiogenic activity DMeven in the presence of heparin.
Signaling Role of Cdc42 in Regulating Mammalian Physiology (2010)

Cdc42 is a member of the Rho GTPase family of intracellular molecular switches regulating multiple signaling pathways involved in actomyosin organization and cell proliferation. Knowledge of its signaling function in mammalian cells came mostly from studies using the dominant-negative or constitutively active mutant overexpression approach in the past 2 decades. Such an approach imposes a number of experimental limitations related to specificity, dosage, and/or clonal variability. Recent studies by conditional gene targeting of cdc42 in mice have revealed its tissue- and cell type-specific role and provide definitive information of the physiological signaling functions of Cdc42 in vivo.
Time series analysis of the course of Menière's disease. (1997)

Subjective symptoms of Menière's disease (vertiginous attacks, nonparoxysmal dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss, headache, stiff neck, nausea etc.) were graded respectively according to severity (0-3 or 0-5) and were recorded daily by affected patients. These recordings, from 20 cases of Menière's disease, were collected and analysed by an original program of time series analysis including autocorrelation, cross-correlation, daily sum of inner ear related factors and general factors, and their moving average. Cluster occurrence of dizzy spells in the active stage and a marked cross-correlation between inner ear factors and general factors were found to constitute a characteristic pattern in Menière's disease in relation to its pathophysiology. Time series analysis was also useful for clinical decision-making, such as evaluation of the effect of treatment, and estimation of prognosis.
Investigations on fungicides: X. The antifungal activity of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (1964)

SUMMARY The fungitoxicity of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose was examined in spore germination tests using Botrytis cinerea, B. fabae, Alternaria brassicicola, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cucumerinum, C. fulvum, Sclerotinia fructigena, Verticillium albo‐atrum and Glomerella cingulata. It proved to be toxic, at concentrations below 10 μg./ml., to all of these fungi except G. cingulata which was resistant to concentrations up to 2000 μg./ml. The effect of a‐deoxy‐D‐glucose on the mycelial growth of these fungi was assessed and again G. cingulata proved to be resistant to high concentrations of the compound, as also did A. niger. The results are discussed in relation to the known inhibitory nature of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose in other systems.
Probiotics at War Against Viruses: What Is Missing From the Picture? (2020)

Our world is now facing a multitude of novel infectious diseases. Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, albeit with increasing difficulty as many of the more common causes of infection have now developed broad spectrum antimicrobial resistance. However, there is now an even greater challenge from both old and new viruses capable of causing respiratory, enteric, and urogenital infections. Reports of viruses resistant to frontline therapeutic drugs are steadily increasing and there is an urgent need to develop novel antiviral agents. Although this all makes sense, it seems rather strange that relatively little attention has been given to the antiviral capabilities of probiotics. Over the years, beneficial strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been successfully used to treat gastrointestinal, oral, and vaginal infections, and some can also effect a reduction in serum cholesterol levels. Some probiotics prevent gastrointestinal dysbiosis and, by doing so, reduce the risk of developing secondary infections. Other probiotics exhibit anti-tumor and immunomodulating properties, and in some studies, antiviral activities have been reported for probiotic bacteria and/or their metabolites. Unfortunately, the mechanistic basis of the observed beneficial effects of probiotics in countering viral infections is sometimes unclear. Interestingly, in COVID-19 patients, a clear decrease has been observed in cell numbers of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp., both of which are common sources of intestinal probiotics. The present review, specifically motivated by the need to implement effective new counters to SARS-CoV-2, focusses attention on viruses capable of co-infecting humans and other animals and specifically explores the potential of probiotic bacteria and their metabolites to intervene with the process of virus infection. The goal is to help to provide a more informed background for the planning of future probiotic-based antiviral research.
Oxygen-dependent growth of the obligate anaerobe Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (1997)

Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, a sulfate-reducing bacterium classified as an obligate anaerobe, swam to a preferred oxygen concentration of 0.02 to 0.04% (0.24 to 0.48 microM), a level which also supported growth. Oxygen concentrations of 0.08% and higher arrested growth. We propose that in zones of transition from an oxic to an anoxic environment, D. vulgaris protects anoxic microenvironments from intrusion of oxygen.
Extracellular accumulation of mannosylerythritol lipids by a strain of Candida antarctica. (1990)

A yeast strain, isolated from the exudate of a tree, accumulated biosurfactants abundantly when grown on soybean oil as the sole carbon source. The biosurfactants were found to be a mixture of 4 mannosylerythritol lipids, including two new mannosylerythritol lipids as major components. The major components, which amounted to about 80% of the total lipids, were determined to be 4-O-(di-O-acetyl-di-O-alkanoyl-β-D-mannopyranosyl)-erythritol and 4-O-(mono-O-acetyl-di-O-alkanoyl-β-D-mannopyranosyl)-erythritol. The yeast strain was identified as Candida antarctica (Goto et al.) Kurtzman et al.
Image Generation and Style Transfer Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (2019)

Generative Adversarial Networks have been utilized as a general-purpose solution to image domain transfer problems because of their ability to learn almost any data distribution. However, in most cases, the network architecture is tailored towards a specific application, and there has not been much exploration on using GANs for applications involving mixed datasets. In this work, we have studied the generalizability of Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks by testing their performance on a combination of image datasets, using the same type of input-output mapping. We show that a significant consequence of using multiple datasets is that the model can transfer characteristics such as style and design from one dataset to another. In order to facilitate this, we have modified the conditional GAN model to handle multiple conditional inputs, taking both the input image map and a class label. The results of our experiments show that a conditional GAN can successfully generalize to different types of input and transfer features of one class to others.