gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates. NMR and UV spectroscopic studies of R<sub>p</sub>-R<sub>f</sub>and S<sub>p</sub>-5<sub>p</sub>methylphosphonate (Me) modified duplexes of [d[GGAATTCC]]<sub>2</sub> (1987)

1H NMR chemical shift assignments for the title compounds were made for most of the 1H signals using two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect (2D-NOE) data, which were also used to establish the absolute configuration at the modified phosphorus. The chemical shifts were similar to those reported [Broido, M.S., et al. (1985) Eur. J. Biochem. 150, 117-128] for the unmodified, parent, B-type duplex [d(GGAATTCC)]2. Differences in chemical shifts were mostly localized to the nucleotides on the 5'- and 3'-sides of the modified phosphorus. The Rp-Rp isomers exhibited UV-derived Tm values similar to that of the parent duplex. On the other hand, the Sp-Sp isomers generally exhibited lower Tm values which correlated with P-CH3--H3' (n-1 nucleotide) cross peak intensities and 31P spectral parameters. The combined data argue for increased steric interactions with the Sp-P-Me methyl group as the modification position is moved toward the center of the oligomer. All of the Tm results can be explained in terms of three factors which result from replacement of a phosphate by a methylphosphonate group: reduction of oligomer charge; electronic and other substituent effects; steric interactions.
Optimal size, freshness and time-frame for voice search vocabulary (2012)

In this paper, we investigate how to optimize the vocabulary for a voice search language model. The metric we optimize over is the out-of-vocabulary (OoV) rate since it is a strong indicator of user experience. In a departure from the usual way of measuring OoV rates, web search logs allow us to compute the per-session OoV rate and thus estimate the percentage of users that experience a given OoV rate. Under very conservative text normalization, we find that a voice search vocabulary consisting of 2 to 2.5 million words extracted from 1 week of search query data will result in an aggregate OoV rate of 1%; at that size, the same OoV rate will also be experienced by 90% of users. The number of words included in the vocabulary is a stable indicator of the OoV rate. Altering the freshness of the vocabulary or the duration of the time window over which the training data is gathered does not significantly change the OoV rate. Surprisingly, a significantly larger vocabulary (approximately 10 million words) is required to guarantee OoV rates below 1% for 95% of the users.
The Experimental Generation of Interpersonal Closeness: A Procedure and Some Preliminary Findings (1997)

A practical methodology is presented for creating closeness in an experimental context. Whether or not an individual is in a relationship, particular pairings of individuals in the relationship, and circumstances of relationship development become manipulated variables. Over a 45-min period subject pairs carry out self-disclosure and relationship-building tasks that gradually escalate in intensity. Study 1 found greater postinteraction closeness with these tasks versus comparable small-talk tasks. Studies 2 and 3 found no significant closeness effects, inspite of adequate power, for (a) whether pairs were matched for nondisagreement on important attitudes, (b) whether pairs were led to expect mutual liking, or (c) whether getting close was made an explicit goal. These studies also illustrated applications for addressing theoretical issues, yielding provocative tentative findings relating to attachment style and introversion/extraversion.
In1−<i>x</i> Ga<i>x</i> P:N Laser Operation (cw, 77°K) on the Nitrogen <i>A</i>-Line Transition in Indirect Crystals (<i>x</i> ≥ 0.74) and in Direct Crystals above the Fundamental Band Edge (<i>x</i> ≥ 0.71) (1972)

The laser operation (cw, 77°K) of In1−xGaxP on the nitrogen A-line transition in indirect crystals (x≥0.74) and in direct crystals above the fundamental band edge (x≤0.71) is reported (5450 and 5470 Å, respectively). Thin (1–5 μ) experimental samples are prepared from crystals grown from In solution by a modified Bridgman method. The crystals are doped with GaN or N from the quartz of the synthesis ampoule. The samples are mounted in a sandwich configuration with indium wetted onto a copper heat sink on one side and thin CdS (10–20 μ) and sapphire on the other side. The thin samples are volume excited in a tiny spot by an argon-ion laser focused through the sapphire window and the CdS spacer which, with the sample, forms a high-Q compound cavity.
Introduction: an overview (2011)

In a very general sense, modern theory of smooth dynamical systems deals with smooth actions of “sufficiently large but not too large” groups or semigroups (usually locally compact but not compact) on a “sufficiently small” phase space (usually compact, or, sometimes, finite volume manifolds). Important branches of dynamics specifically consider actions preserving a geometric structure with an infinite-dimensional group of automorphisms, two principal examples being a volume and a symplectic structure. The natural equivalence relation for actions is differentiable (corr. volume preserving or symplectic) conjugacy.
A Study of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyA. C. MenziesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 8, 898–904Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60164a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60164a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2313Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 5-GHz 20-dBm Power Amplifier With Digitally Assisted AM-PM Correction in a 90-nm CMOS Process (2006)

This paper presents an integrated CMOS power amplifier and a technique for correcting AM-PM distortion in power amplifiers. The linearization technique uses a varactor as part of a tuned circuit to introduce a phase shift that counteracts the AM-PM distortion of the power amplifier. The varactor is controlled by the amplitude of the IQ baseband data in a feedforward fashion. The technique has been demonstrated in a 5-GHz class-AB CMOS power amplifier designed for WLAN applications and implemented in a 90-nm CMOS process. The power amplifier delivers 16 dBm of average power while transmitting at 54 Mb/s (64 QAM). The proposed linearization technique is shown to improve the efficiency of the power amplifier by a factor of 2.8
<i>In vivo</i> evaluation of a dexamethasone/PLGA microsphere system designed to suppress the inflammatory tissue response to implantable medical devices (2002)

The purpose of this research effort was to evaluate in vivo a newly developed dexamethasone/PLGA microsphere system designed to suppress the inflammatory tissue response to an implanted device, in this case a biosensor. The microspheres were prepared using an oil/water (O/W) emulsion technique. The microsphere system was composed of drug-loaded microspheres (including newly formulated and predegraded microspheres) and free dexamethasone. The combination of the drug and drug-loaded microspheres provided burst release of dexamethasone followed by continuous release from days 2-14. Continuous release to at least 30 days was achieved by mixing predegraded and newly formulated microspheres. The ability of our mixed microsphere system to control tissue reactions to an implant then was tested in vivo using cotton thread sutures to induce inflammation subcutaneously in Sprague-Dawley rats. Two different in vivo studies were performed, the first to find the dosage level of dexamethasone that effectively would suppress the acute inflammatory reaction and the second to show how effective the dexamethasone delivered by PLGA microspheres was in suppressing chronic inflammatory response to an implant. The first in vivo study showed that 0.1 to 0.8 mg of dexamethasone at the site minimized the acute inflammatory reaction. The second in vivo study showed that our mixed microsphere system suppressed the inflammatory response to an implanted suture for at least 1 month. This study has proven the viability of microsphere delivery of an anti-inflammatory to control the inflammatory reaction at an implant site.
Traffic Light Recognition With High Dynamic Range Imaging and Deep Learning (2018)

Traffic light recognition (TLR) detects the traffic light from an image and then estimates the state of the light signal. TLR is important for autonomous vehicles because running against a red light could cause a deadly car accident. For a practical TLR system, computation time, varying illumination conditions, and false positives are three key challenges. In this paper, a novel real-time method is proposed to recognize a traffic light with high dynamic imaging and deep learning. In our approach, traffic light candidates are robustly detected from low exposure/dark frames and accurately classified using a deep neural network in consecutive high exposure/bright frames. This dual-channel mechanism can make full use of undistorted color and shape information in dark frames as well as the rich context in bright frames. In the dark channel, a non-parametric multi-color saliency model is proposed to simultaneously extract lights with different colors. A multiclass classifier with convolutional neural network (CNN) model is then adopted to reduce the number of false positives in the bright channel. The performance is further boosted by incorporating temporal trajectory tracking. In order to speed up the algorithm, a prior detection mask is generated to limit the potential search regions. Intensive experiments on a large dual-channel dataset show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art real-time deep learning object detector, which could cause more false positives because it uses bright images only. The algorithm has been integrated into our autonomous vehicle and can work robustly on real roads.
Stress-Induced Aggregation Profiles of GST−α-Synuclein Fusion Proteins:  Role of the C-Terminal Acidic Tail of α-Synuclein in Protein Thermosolubility and Stability (2002)

Alpha-synuclein is a well-known heat-resistant protein that does not aggregate upon heat treatment, whereas glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a heat-labile protein that easily precipitates as a result of thermal stress. This paper reports the role of the C-terminal acidic tail of alpha-synuclein in protein thermosolubility and stability. The region of alpha-synuclein that is responsible for the heat resistance was initially investigated using a series of deletion mutants, and the C-terminal acidic tail (residues 96-140) was found to be crucial for the thermosolubility of alpha-synuclein. The thermal behavior of the GST-alpha-synuclein fusion protein was next investigated, and the fusion protein was seen to be extremely heat-resistant. Using a series of GST-synuclein deletion mutants, the C-terminal acidic tail of alpha-synuclein was shown to play a critical role in conferring the heat resistance of the fusion proteins. Furthermore, the acidic tail appeared to protect the fusion protein from pH- and metal-induced protein aggregation, suggesting that the acidic tail can increase the virtual stability of the protein by protecting it from the aggregation induced by environmental stresses. Interestingly, the acidic tail also appeared to protect the GST enzyme from the thermal inactivation to a considerable extent. However, CD analysis of the heat-induced secondary structural changes of the GST-alpha-synuclein fusion protein revealed that the fusion protein is irreversibly denatured by heat treatment with a slightly lowered melting temperature (Tm). Thus, the results demonstrate that introducing an acidic tail into GST promotes the thermosolubility and virtual stability of the fusion protein, although it might be unfavorable for its intrinsic stability.
Radioprotection of Tendon Tissue via Crosslinking and Free Radical Scavenging (2008)

Ionizing radiation could supplement tissue bank screening to further reduce the probability of diseases transmitted by allografts if denaturation effects can be minimized. It is important, however, such sterilization procedures be nondetrimental to tissues. We compared crosslinking and free radical scavenging potential methods to accomplish this task in tendon tissue. In addition, two forms of ionizing irradiation, gamma and electron beam (e-beam), were also compared. Crosslinkers included 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and glucose, which were used to add exogenous crosslinks to collagen. Free radical scavengers included mannitol, ascorbate, and riboflavin. Radioprotective effects were assessed through tensile testing and collagenase resistance testing after irradiation at 25 kGy and 50 kGy. Gamma and e-beam irradiation produced similar degenerative effects. Crosslinkers had the highest strength at 50 kGy, EDC treated tendons had 54% and 49% higher strength than untreated, for gamma and e-beam irradiation respectively. Free radical scavengers showed protective effects up to 25 kGy, especially for ascorbate and riboflavin. Crosslinked samples had higher resistance to collagenase and over a wider dose range than scavenger-treated. Of the options studied, the data suggest EDC precrosslinking or glucose treatment provides the best maintenance of native tendon properties after exposure to ionizing irradiation.
Structural and dynamical studies of <sup>13</sup>C‐labeled polyethylene adsorbed on the surface of silica gel by high‐resolution solid‐state <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy (1995)

Abstract 13 C CP/MAS NMR spectra of 10% 13 C‐labeled polyethylene adsorbed on the surface of silica gel were measured by means of high‐resolution solid‐state 13 C NMR. From these experimental results, it was found that adsorbed polyethylene has immobile and mobile parts. In the immobile part, the polyethylene takes the trans conformation as the major conformation and gauche as the minor conformation, and in the mobile part fast transition between trans and gauche conformations occurs. Futhermore, in order to elucidate the dynamics of the polyethylene, 13 C spin‐lattice relaxation times T 1 were measured. It was found that the molecular motion of the polyethylene in the mobile part is strongly restricted, compared with the noncrystalline component of polyethylene in bulk.
UAV Low Altitude Photogrammetry for Power Line Inspection (2016)

When the distance between an obstacle and a power line is less than the discharge distance, a discharge arc can be generated, resulting in interruption of power supplies. Therefore, regular safety inspections are necessary to ensure safe operations of power grids. Tall vegetation and buildings are the key factors threatening the safe operation of extra high voltage transmission lines within a power line corridor. Manual or LiDAR based-inspections are time consuming and expensive. To make safety inspections more efficient and flexible, a low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle remote-sensing platform equipped with optical digital camera was used to inspect power line corridors. We propose a semi-patch matching algorithm based on epipolar constraints using both correlation coefficient and the shape of its curve to extract three dimensional (3D) point clouds for a power line corridor. Virtual photography was used to transform the power line direction from approximately parallel to the epipolar line to approximately perpendicular to epipolar line to improve power line measurement accuracy. The distance between the power lines and the 3D point cloud is taken as a criterion for locating obstacles within the power line corridor automatically. Experimental results show that our proposed method is a reliable, cost effective and applicable way for practical power line inspection, and can locate obstacles within the power line corridor with measurement accuracies better than &plusmn;0.5 m.
Blind separation of convolutive mixtures using second and fourth order moments (2002)

This paper deals with the problem of blind identification of p-non Gaussian inputs, q-outputs AR systems in the special case where p<q. In this case, the identification problem is degenerated, therefore as the classical Levinson (Robinson) algorithm cannot be applied, we use the Inouye's (1983) method. As this procedure assumes that the AR model is normalized, it is necessary to split the problem in two parts: first, we estimate the convolutive mixture by means of linear prediction, and second, we estimate the instantaneous mixture. The first one requires second order moments and the second one, high order statistics. Numerical simulations are presented to show the influence of the conditioning of the instantaneous mixture matrix in the identification problem in presence of white Gaussian noise.
Silicon-processed overhanging microgripper (1992)

A silicon-processed microgripper, suitable for mounting on a micropositioner, has been designed and fabricated by combining surface and bulk micromachining. The microgripper consists of a silicon die (7 mm*5 mm), a 1.5 mm long support cantilever, made from boron-doped silicon substrate material (protruding from the die), and a 400 mu m long polysilicon overhanging gripper extending from the end of the support cantilever. The microgripper is electrostatically driven by flexible, interdigitated comb pairs and has significantly smaller feature sizes than have been reported previously for overhanging microstructures. Problems addressed successfully in the microgripper fabrication include the protection of surface-micromachined fine structures during bulk-silicon etching and rinsing. The microgripper has successfully seized several microscopic objects in laboratory experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In vitro generation of therapeutic noncytolytic T-cells by soluble polyoma TAA and Il-2. (1993)

Culture requirements for the optimal generation of polyoma-specific therapeutic lymphocytes by in vitro sensitization with soluble polyoma TAA were studied in bulk cultures of splenocytes from polyoma bearing mice. The acquisition of antipolyoma reactivity is connected with the creation of L3T4 positive, noncytolytic effector subpopulations, which dominated on the 9th day of stimulation of polyoma in vivo primed nonadherent splenocytes with TAA and 20 U/ml Il-2. Antipolyoma activity of effectors grown for 9 days with TAA and 200 U/ml Il-2 was accompanied by cytolytic activity. In both Il-2 concentrations the therapeutic reactivity faded similarly with time in spite of strong LAK-cell activity.
Efficiency study of oil cooling of a screw compressor (1989)

One of the major goals of all compressor manufacturers is to build as efficient a compressor as possible. Over the last several years improvements to the design of screw compressors has made them efficiently competitive with other types of compressors, especially at large loads. The primary purpose of this research is to investigate four different methods of cooling a 250 horsepower compressor and determine their effects on the efficiency of the compressor. Two conventional methods, liquid injection and thermosyphon cooling, and two new methods, V-PLUS and Fresco oil injection, are investigated. The screw compressor used in the tests was a VRS-500 screw compressor made by the Vilter Manufacturing Corporation. 6 figs.
Epigenetic changes and alteration of<i>Fbn1</i>and<i>Col3A1</i>gene expression under hyperglycaemic and hyperinsulinaemic conditions (2010)

Little is known regarding the role of hyperglycaemia on histone H3 modifications and, in turn, altering the expression of genes during the development of diabetes-associated complications. In the present study, we have investigated the hyperinsulinaemia/hyperglycaemia-induced epigenetic changes and alteration of Fbn1 (fibrillin 1) and Col3A1 (collagen type III α1) gene expression. Insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes in male Sprague-Dawley rats was developed by feeding rats an HFD (high-fat diet) and administering a low dose of STZ (streptozotocin). Hyperglycaemia induced deacetylation and dephosphorylation of histone H3 in the heart and kidneys of diabetic rats. Furthermore, mRNA expression of Fbn1 and Col3A1 increased in the kidneys and decreased in the heart under hyperglycaemic/hyperinsulinaemic conditions. Similar to mRNA expression, chromatin immunoprecipitation also showed an increase in the level of histone H3 acetylation of the Fbn1 gene, but not of the Col3A1 gene. Our present findings suggests that the change in expression of the Fbn1 gene is epigenetically regulated, but the expression of the Col3A1 gene may either be independent of epigenetic regulation or may involve other histone modifications. We provide the first evidence regarding the role of hyperglycaemia/hyperinsulinaemia in altering histone H3 modifications, which may result in the alteration of extracellular matrix gene expression.
Embedded Temperature and Heat Flux Sensors for Advanced Health Monitoring of Turbine Engine Components (2006)

MesoScribe Technologies has developed a process for producing embedded, conformal, thick film sensors based on direct write technology. Thermocouple and heat flux sensors can be fabricated directly onto engineering components and embedded into functional coatings. This provides for a variety of vital advantages: reliability, robustness and survivability in extremely harsh environments, cost effective implementation, and fabrication onto surfaces that are large, conformal (non-flat) and flexible. Embedded thermocouples and heat flux sensors were deposited onto superalloy substrates and subjected to a number of high temperature tests including isothermal furnace heating, cyclic burner rig testing, and continuous flame impingement. Initial testing yields Seebeck coefficients within 3% of commercial thermocouples. Results also demonstrate that embedded Type K thermocouples survive over 200 thirty minute burner rig cycles with surface temperatures exceeding 1150degC. Embedding thermocouples at different depths within the TBC allows for simultaneous temperature measurements within the temperature gradient. In addition, over 20 hours of continuous flame impingement have been recorded with stable output. Embedded thermocouples were also tested at NASA GRC using a 3.5 kW CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> high heat flux laser which also allows extraction of thermal conductivity. The test comprised of 75 thirty minute cycles with a surface temperature of 1150degC and metal interface temperature of 930degC for a total duration of 41 hours. This very first test showed the capability of the embedded TC in terms of performance and durability. This paper summarizes the harsh environment test results as well as provides an overview of the capabilities of direct write technology to instrument propulsion and space structures