gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Droplet Sizing Using the Shifrin Inversion (1994)

A method for measuring droplet size distributions was investigated with an emphasis on limitations related to measurements in real spray environments. The method stores a photographic image of a plane of droplets within a spray and is capable of evaluating particle size distributions within the spray, one small region at a time. The method complements droplet velocity measurements made using Particle Image Velocimetry. In a typical experiment, a plane of the spray was illuminated by a laser light sheet and photographed. After processing, a small laser beam scanned the film and a diffraction pattern was generated for each region illuminated by the small laser. The diffraction pattern was inverted using a Shifrin inversion to solve for the particle size distribution within the illuminated region. In this paper we will discuss some of the limitations of this method and indicate one approach which seems to allow for improved inversions using data signal processing.
Selective cleavage of glycyl bonds by papaya proteinase IV (1990)

The specificity of papaya proteinase IV (PPIV) has been examined with small substrates and a protein. With both classes of substrate, the enzyme shows a marked selectivity for cleaving glycyl bonds. Boc-Ala-Ala-Gly-NHPhNO2 is a convenient substrate for routine assays that discriminate well against chymopapain, the most common contaminant of PPIV. Sixteen cleavage points in beta-trypsin were identified, of which 13 are glycyl bonds. Tentative suggestions are made as to the reasons for lack of cleavage of some other glycyl bonds. The structure of PPIV has been modelled on that of papain, and we suggest that the replacement of the highly conserved residues Gly-65 and Gly-23 by arginine and glutamic acid, respectively, can account for the specificity of PPIV.
A circumvaginal muscle nomogram: a new diagnostic tool for evaluation of female sexual dysfunction. (1981)

Female orgasmic capacity was previously shown to vary significantly with the condition of the pubococcygeus muscle as evaluated by an extensive digital examination and readings from a perineometer, a pressure sensitive device inserted into the vagina. Subsequently, a discriminant analysis was applied to 6 types of perineometer readings to determine if an optimal combination of readings could alone serve as an accurate evaluation of muscle condition. Initial strength resting and initial strength contracting predicted "good" versus "bad" muscle with 73.4% accuracy. A nomogram is presented for clinical use.
Insect Antifeedants And Growth Inhibitors From Azadirachta Indica And Plumbago Zeylanica (1983)

Solvent extracts of dlfferent parts of the neem tree (Azadlrachta lndica A. 3uss)\nwere bioassayed for thelr antlfeedant properties agalnst flrst- and thlrd-instar\nlarvae of Mythimna reparata. Fraction 'C', obtalned from an ethanollc extract of\nthe shade-drled neem seeds (Hyderabad, India) was the most effective phagodeterrent\nunder glasshouse, laboratory and, to a 11mlted extent, fleld conditions.\nFractlon 'C' was further purlfled to fractlon 'M', whlch was subjected to column\nchromatography (silica gel) result~ng In IG fractions, AI-l to AI-14. Fractions\nAI-9, AI-10 and AI-11 were found to be b~olog~calalyc tive, reduclng leaf feedlng\nand larval weight consrderably. None of the treated larvae whlch fed on leaf\ndlscs treated wlth the fractions and extracts 'C' and 'M' could pupate. The retentlon\ntlme of the malor component of AI-10 on a p BONDAPAK C18 10 u, 3.9\nmm ID, 30 cm column (hlgh performance liquid chromatography) was close to\nthat of azadlrachtln. Spectral lnvestlgatlons revealed that this major component\nof A1 1s dlfferent from the antifeedants reported earher from A, indica and Melia\nazedarach. It has been des~gnated as vepaol (the Telugu name for neem IS vepa),\nand some aspects of 11s structure are discussed. Studles relatlng to the effectiveness\nof fraction 'G' on the oriental rmyworm, Mythrmna reparata, and other sorghum pests are presented.
Outdoor BLAST measurement system at 2.44 GHz: calibration and initial results (2002)

There are ever increasing demands for additional capacity in wireless communications to handle voice, data, and wideband Internet applications. These demands are constrained by the bandwidth that was allocated to wireless communications. The spectral efficiencies in present day wireless systems hover around 1 bit/s/Hz. Bell-labs Layered Space-Time (BLAST) is a communication technique for achieving very high spectral efficiencies in highly scattering environments using multiple transmit and receive antennas. A measurement campaign was undertaken to assess the BLAST gains in spectral efficiency in the suburban outdoor environment for stationary subscribers. The measurements employed directive antennas to better control interference from adjacent cells. The measurements were performed over a narrow band at 2.44 GHz with five transmitting and seven receiving antennas, respectively. Extensive calibration methods, assisted by simulations, were developed to assure accurate results for the BLAST capacities of the measured remote subscriber sites. Initial results indicate that BLAST capacities of C/sub B//spl ges/38 bits/s/Hz at 20% of the measured locations and C/sub B//spl ges/24 bits/s/Hz at 50% of these locations are feasible, for reasonable link parameters and negligible interference.
On the problem of microcavity effects on the top emitting OLED with semitransparent metal cathode (2004)

Recent interest in the top emission organic light emitting devices (TEOLEDs) has been stimulated by their potential application for the development of full color flat panel displays. We have fabricated the bottom emitting, ITO/α-NPD(50 nm)/Alq3(35 nm)/BCP(10 nm)/Ca(10 nm)/Ag(120 nm) device with a microcavity length of L = 95 nm and three top emitting structures, namely Ni/α-NPD(50 nm)/Alq3(35 nm)/ BCP(10 nm)/Ca(10 nm)/Ag(10 nm) (L = 95 nm), Ni/α-NPD(50 nm)/Alq3(35 nm)/BCP(5 nm)/Ca(10 nm)/ Ag(10 nm) (L = 90 nm), and Ni/α-NPD(35 nm)/Alq3(50 nm)/BCP(5 nm)/Ca(10 nm)/Ag(10 nm) (L = 90 nm). These devices were characterized by electroluminescence (EL) and current–voltage (I–V) measurements. Results on the top and the bottom emitting devices have been compared. In Ni/α-NPD(50 nm)/ Alq3(35 nm)/BCP(10 nm)/Ca(10 nm)/Ag(10 nm) structure, the EL yield is lowest and Fabry-Perot interference fringes are observed, due to microcavity effects because of the presence of the residual reflection at the semitransparent Ca/Ag cathode. The turn-on voltage is significantly high (7 V), about two times compared to the bottom emitting structure. The device performance could be improved by properly optimizing the microcavity length. No interference fringes are noticed in TEOLEDs with the microcavity length of L = 90 nm. Enhanced EL and very low threshold voltage (2.75V) are reported in the Ni/α-NPD(50 nm)/Alq3(35 nm)/BCP(5 nm)/Ca(10 nm)/Ag(10 nm) TEOLED. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of GaAsN alloys by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using plasma-cracked NH3 (1993)

We present a letter on the growth of GaAs1−xNx alloys (0&lt;x&lt;0.016). The layers have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at very low pressure (25 Pa). The nitrogen source NH3 has been decomposed in a remote microwave plasma, and uncracked triethylgallium and AsH3 were used. The N uptake into the layers shows a strong dependence on the growth temperature. The competition for the group V lattice sites leads to a reduction of the N content at higher AsH3 fluxes. The GaAsN layers show a strong red shift of the photoluminescence with increasing N content.
High work-function metal gate and high-k dielectrics for charge trap flash memory device applications (2005)

We report the impact of high work-function (/spl Phi//sub M/) metal gate and high-K dielectrics on memory properties of NAND type charge trap flash (CTF) memory devices. In this article, theoretical and experimental studies show that high /spl Phi//sub M/ gate and high permittivity (high-K) dielectrics play a key role in eliminating electron back tunneling (EBT) through the blocking dielectric during the erase operation. Techniques to improve erase efficiency of CTF memory devices with a fixed metal gate by employing various chemicals and structures are introduced and those mechanisms are discussed.
Evaluation and comparison of anti-Candida effect of heat cure polymethylmethacrylate resin enforced with silver nanoparticles and conventional heat cure resins: An in vitro study (2014)

The antimicrobial effect of silver could be used vividly in the denture base for immunocompromised and geriatric patients.
ALLOCATION OF DATABASES IN A DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYSTEM (1990)

Our research focuses on developing a methodology for designing distributed database systems. This methodology is used to allocate databases across a number of computer sites connected by a communication network. It takes into account the pattern of usage of the databases, the communication costs in the network, delays due to queuing of requests for data, costs for maintaining consistency among the various copies of a database, and storage costs for the databases. The methodology is based on nonlinear integer programming modeling. A Lagrangian relaxation procedure using decomposition is developed to derive near optimal solutions for the problem. A tool has been built to operationalize this methodology, the model, and the solution procedure. The methodology developed in this research makes a significant contribution to the database field because it is one of the first to consider communication costs, costs of maintaining consistency, a,id queuing delays for the database allocation problem. It is applicable to a wide range of organizations which are in the process of moving from a centralized to a distributed computing environment.
Selection of active strains of the gypsy moth nuclearpolyhedrosis virus (1985)

The gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus) has grown in economic importance as an insect pest over the past 75 years. From a localized infestation of a small geographical area of New England, the gypsy moth has spread to such an extent that is now found over much of the United States. Control measures are varied, but effective biological control is needed to control pest populations, especially in such sensitive areas as parks, residential areas, and municipal watersheds.
Microwave high power nanosecond switch using multipactor discharge (1961)

This paper describes the development of a high power microwave switch utilizing a multipactor discharge which exhibits nanosecond rise, recovery, and switching times. The device is an evacuated cavity of the reentrant type containing two electrodes which are good secondary electron emitters. With r-f power applied, a strong multipactor current discharge takes place between the electrodes causing most of the incident power to be reflected, which describes one operating state of the device. One of the electrodes is d-c insulated from the other, allowing the application of an external control voltage. If a sufficiently high voltage is applied, the discharge can be quenched and the cavity appears as a passive transmission device. The other operating state is thus described as a transmission device.
Synthesen mit α‐metallierten Isocyaniden, XVIII<sup>1)</sup> 1‐Amino‐cyclopropancarbonsäuren über 1‐Isocyan‐cyclopropancarbonsäure‐äthylester (1973)

Abstract Die 2‐substituierten 1‐Isocyan‐cyclopropancarbonsäure‐äthylester 10 erhält man aus Dimethylsulfoxonium‐methylid ( 5 ) und den β‐substituierten α‐Isocyan‐acrylsäure‐äthylestern 8 . Die Verbindungen 8 sind ihrerseits aus den α‐Formylamino‐acrylsäure‐äthylestern 3 zugänglich. Die am C‐2 unsubstituierte Verbindung 10a ist durch Cycloalkylierung von Isocyanessigsäure‐äthylester mit 1,2‐Dibromäthan oder 2‐Chloräthyl‐tosylat in Gegenwart von Natriumhydrid zu gewinnen. – Die Verbindungen 10 können durch saure oder basische Hydrolyse in 1‐Amino‐cyclopropancarbonsäuren oder deren Derivate 11, 12 und 6 umgewandelt werden.
[Balloon valvuloplasty of calcified aortic stenosis is a realistic alternative to surgery: clinical and invasive results 17 months following the 1st or 2d dilatation]. (1989)

Aortic balloon valvuloplasty was performed in 33 elderly patients (age 60-84, mean 74 years). In six cases, repeat-valvuloplasty was performed six months later. Mean follow-up so far has been 17 months (10-24 months). Follow-up included 23 invasive controls and repeat Doppler-echocardiographic estimation of valve gradient in all patients. At valvuloplasty, peak aortic gradient was reduced from 84 +/- 27 mm Hg to 40 +/- 18 mm Hg, valve area was increased from 0.39 +/- 0.11 cm2 to 0.74 +/- 0.16 cm2. Immediately after valvuloplasty, 76% of the patients were asymptomatic or significantly improved. At follow-up, 10 patients died and 12 patients underwent surgical valve replacement. Only seven patients are still improved or asymptomatic after 1st or 2nd valvuloplasty. Invasive control six to nine months after the 1st valvuloplasty showed satisfactory results for valve gradient and valve area in only one patient. At repeat-valvuloplasty, a mean valve gradient of 29.6 +/- 12.5 mm Hg was achieved. All patients with repeat-valvuloplasty again had invasive control after six months; peak gradient then was 56 +/- 17 mm Hg. Balloon valvuloplasty of acquired aortic valve stenosis is a palliative procedure with a high restenosis-rate. At the most, aortic valve area is doubled. In our opinion, it is only indicated in patients with an unacceptable high surgical risk. Today, old age alone is no contraindication to surgical valve replacement.
ELISA Detection of Various Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Isolates Using Specific Antisera to Structural Proteins of the Virus (1990)

(...)Nineteen isolates were consistently detected in different ELISA tests using various antibodies, while the other 11 isolates either were not detected or were inconsistently detected in these tests. Of the 11 isolates that gave inconsistent results, eight were purified and compared by western blot. They reacted similarly to antibodies to the virion and to anti-26K NP and anti-78K MP antibodies. Most isolates of TSWV from the United States were considered to be closely related serologically. The DAS direct ELISA using antibodies to the whole virions is recommended over the use of antibodies to structural proteins for detecting a diverse selection of isolates of TSWV
Antitumor activity of L-canavanine against L1210 murine leukemia. (1980)

We have made a preliminary assessment of the antitumor activity of the arginine analog, L-canavanine, in leukemic mice. This analog is known to substitute for arginine in protein biosynthesis in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Previous studies with cells grown in vitro indicated that canavanine caused a marked inhibition of DNA synthesis and viability. The system used in the present study was C57BL/6 x DBA/2 F mice bearing L1210 leukemic cells. Following an i.v. injection of 10 mg canavanine, the t1/2 beta of canavanine in the serum was estimated at 16 min. This finding suggested that frequent injections of high doses of canavanine would be required for an effect on tumor cell proliferation. DNA synthesis by the L1210 cells, assayed by [3H]thymidine incorporation, fell to 9% of the control value after 12 hourly i.p. injections of canavanine (20 mg each). A constant s.c. infusion of 20 mg/hr for 24 hr caused an 86% inhibition of DNA synthesis. The antitumor activity of canavanine was tested against L1210, using a 24-hr infusion schedule with treatment starting 24 hr after i.p. inoculation of 10(5) cells. An optimal dose of 18 g/kg body weight produced a median increased lifespan of 44% (p less than 0.005). These results suggest that L-canavanine may be useful as an antitumor agent.
Active Occlusion Cancellation with Hear-Through Equalization for Headphones (2018)

Occluding the ear canal alters the perception of the own voice. This is called the occlusion effect. Low frequency components of the own voice are amplified and high frequency components are attenuated. In this contribution, we extend our previously published Active Occlusion Cancellation (AOC) system for headphones and hearing aids. It uses the principle of Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) to enhance the perception of the own voice for an occluded ear canal. We combine robust feedback controller design with an adaptive mechanism to attenuate the low frequency components of the own voice. Furthermore, we include an equalizing hear-through filter to enhance high frequency components. The AOC system is evaluated in a hearing test with an in-ear headphone connected to a real-time processing system. Objective and subjective metrics show a clear improvement of the perception of the own voice. The occlusion effect is significantly reduced by the system.
Energy-efficient skewed static logic with dual Vt: design and synthesis (2003)

In this paper, we describe skewed static logic (S/sup 2/L) with topology-dependent dual Vt which exhibits an energy-efficient operation. S/sup 2/L consumes less dynamic and static power compared to monotonic static (MS) CMOS. Speed degradation of S/sup 2/L, if any, can be offset by an accelerator circuit. We have designed NAND-NOR gate chains using 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology and verified that S/sup 2/L reduces energy-delay product over MS CMOS by 27%-50%. We have also designed 32-b carry-lookahead adders and verified that S/sup 2/L with dual Vt reduces delay by 43% and energy-delay product by 31% for 1-V power supply over conventional CMOS circuit. Synthesis algorithm for S/sup 2/L is developed and the experimental results show S/sup 2/L consumes 23% less power than MS CMOS with minor increase in delay.
Thermomechanical Processing of Uranium Alloys with 10 and 50 Weight Percent Zirconium (2020)

This work focuses on casting and thermomechanical processing for moderate sized (500-1000g) 10% by weight and 50% by weight uranium-zirconium alloys. Three castings of uranium – 10wt% zirconium and a fourth casting of uranium – 50wt% zirconium were completed using different castings processes. The first casting process relied on only induction mixing within the VIM system thereby eliminating the need for an arc-melting feedstock preparation step. The second casting process used the arc-melting process prior for feedstock to the same VIM system. In this study, the induction mixing process alone with a graphite crucible appears insufficient for the fabrication of UZr alloys. Graphite is suitable with the use of master alloy UZr feedstock produced by arc-melting. There was a moderate increase of approximately 100 ppm of carbon within the U10Zr alloys. However, there was a near 1000 ppm increase of carbon in the U50Zr alloy. This carbon content is considered too high for forming processes, and therefore, warrants the use of a ceramic crucible for UZr castings near 50wt% zirconium. Zirconia does not appear suitable for UZr castings near 50wt% zirconium. The use of Beryllia or Thoria may be a more suitable option. However, due to the significantly lower liquidus and lower zirconium content, Zirconia crucibles do appear viable for carbon reduction in the U10Zr system. Two thermomechanical processes are also studied in this work - hot extrusion of the U50Zr system and heat treatment in an argon atmosphere. This work demonstrated that extrusion of the U50Zr alloy near 680°C is a viable choice even with +1000 ppm carbon. Extrusion of the U50Zr system near 630°C was unsuccessful and does not appear viable unless significant force and tooling strength is available. There appears to be a moderate increase in extrudate hardness when compared to as-cast. Heat-treatment reduced the hardness of as-cast alloys in the U10Zr castings as well as resolve some variance in the microstructures. However, for the U50Zr billet that did not successfully extrude at 630°C, heat treatment at 900°C for 96 hours did not have a significant impact on hardness or microstructure.
The quest for magnetic plasmons at optical frequencies (2009)

Magnetic effects are at the basis of several relevant microwave applications, e.g., imaging, computer memory modules, magneto-inductive waveguides and metamaterials. Commonly designed at low frequencies, purely natural magnetic molecules are not readily available in the visible, due to intrinsic natural limitations of optical materials. Here, using the anomalous wave interaction of electric-plasmonic nanoparticles, we consider a basic geometry that may constitute a lumped isotropic magneto-plasmonic "molecule" at optical frequencies, with applications for cloaking, imaging and optical communications.
Outpatient Terlipressin Infusion for the Treatment of Refractory Ascites (2016)

Gow, Paul J MD, FRACP; Ardalan, Zaid S MBChB; Vasudevan, Abhinav MBBS; Testro, Adam G MBBS, FRACP, PhD; Ye, Bei MBBS, FRACP; Angus, Peter W MBBS, MD, FRACP Author Information
The Influence of Market Uncertainty and Strategy Typology on Performance of on-line Travel Industry (2004)

Our research discusses the influence of market uncertainty and strategy typology on performance of the electronic market, focusing on the on-line travel industry and select samples in Taiwan. The result of our empirical research indicates marketing's influence and cross-functional interactions are mediating variables between market uncertainty and strategy typology and performance. Our findings support the model of contingency theory. We also find marketing's influence and cross-functional interactions continue to play an important role even in the on-line travel industry, and strategy is still the core of e-commerce.
Learning of expert systems from data (1984)

This paper describes a method for extracting information from data to form the knowledge base for a probabilistic expert system. The information the method finds consists of joint probabilities that show significant probabilistic connections between the associated attribute values. These joint probabilities can be combined with information about particular cases to compute particular conditional probabilities as described in [3]. The search procedure and significance test required are presented for different types of data. The significance test requires finding if the minimum message length (in the information theory sense) required to encode the data is reduced if the joint probability being tested is given explicitly. This significance test is derived from Bayes' theorem and is shown to find the hypothesis (i.e. set of significant joint probabilities) with the highest posterior probability given the data.
Oxygen diluted hexamethyldisiloxane plasmas investigated by means of<i>in situ</i>infrared absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (2000)

The gas phase species produced in rf plasmas of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), Si2O(CH3)(6), diluted with oxygen, have been investigated. The complementarity of Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry allows the determination of the most abundant neutral components present in the discharge. The measurements reveal that methyl groups (CH3), abundantly formed by the dissociation of the HMDSO molecule, are the precursor for the most abundant species which stem from two kinds of reaction. The first kind of reaction is combustion of CH3 by oxygen-producing formaldehyde (COH2), formic acid (CO2H2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water. It is shown that high mass carbonated radicals, such as SixOyCzHt, first diffuse to the surface and then the carbon is removed by oxygen etching to form CO2. The second is hydrocarbon chemistry promoted by CH3, producing mainly hydrogen (H-2), methane (CH4) and acetylene (C2H2).