gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Wideband W-Band Receiver Front-End in 65-nm CMOS (2008)

A 75-to-91 GHz receiver front-end, consisting of a three-stage cascode low-noise amplifier (LNA), a double-balanced Gilbert-cell mixer and a differential DC-to-9 GHz IF buffer, is reported in 65-nm general purpose (GP) CMOS technology. The noise and input-impedance matched LNA employs a cascode input stage with shunt-series, transformer feedback. A theoretical and experimental comparison with a conventional inductor-feedback LNA indicates 0.5-1 dB higher gain, 0.3-0.6 dB lower noise figure and better input return loss for the transformer feedback LNA. The receiver has a differential down-conversion gain of 13 dB, an input P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> of -16.2 dBm, and a double-sideband noise figure of 8.5 to 10 dB at an IF of 1 GHz. Because of the transformer feedback, the input return loss is better than -20 dB from 80 to 92 GHz and remains below -10 dB from 70 GHz beyond 95 GHz. The circuit occupies an area of 460 mum times 500 mum and consumes 89 mW (47 mW in the LNA and mixer) from a 1.5 V supply. An LO-to-RF isolation of 60 dB was measured for LO signals in the 80-to-85 GHz range. Measurements of the mixer breakout, which includes transformers at the RF and LO ports, show a record NF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSB</sub> of 8 to 10 dB over the 74-to-91 GHz band. The 50-Omega noise figure of the LNA is 6.4 to 8.4 dB in the 75-to-88.5 GHz range. The LNA can also be employed as a transmitter output stage with a saturated output power of +4 dBm.
RT CW operation of InGaN multi-quantum-well structure laser diodes (1998)

Gallium nitride and other III–Vnitride-based semiconductors have a direct band gap that is suitable for blue light-emitting devices. The band gap energy of aluminium gallium indium nitride (AIInGaN) varies between 6.2 and 2.0 eV, depending on its composition at room temperature. Thus, using these semiconductors, red to UV emitting devices are fabricated. High efficient UV, blue and green InGaN single-quantum-well (SQW) structure light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been fabricated with the external quantum efficiencies of 7.5% at 371 nm (UV), 11.2% at 468 nm (blue) and 11.6% at 520 nm (green), respectively, which were the highest values ever reported for the LEDs with those shorter emission wavelengths. The luminous efficiencies of blue and green LEDs were 5 lm/W and 30 lm/W, respectively, which values are almost identical to that of the white conventional incandescent bulb lamp (20 lm/W). By combining the blue, green and red LEDs, we could fabricate white LEDs with a luminous efficiency of 20–30 im/W which is almost comparable to that of the incandescent bulb lamp. Thus, we can replace the conventional incandescent bulb lamps with these LEDs in order to save an energy consumption and natural resources now.
Fibronectin‐Binding Proteins and Fibrinogen‐Binding Clumping Factors Play Distinct Roles in Staphylococcal Arthritis and Systemic Inflammation (2005)

Staphylococcus aureus is a commonly encountered pathogen in humans, and it has the potential to cause destructive and life-threatening conditions, including septic arthritis. The pathogenicity of staphylococci depends on the expression of virulence factors. Among these, staphylococcal cell-surface proteins with tissue-adhesive functions have been suggested to mediate the colonization of host tissues, a crucial step in the establishment of infection. We investigated the relative contribution of the fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBPs) and fibrinogen-binding clumping factors (Clfs) to staphylococcal virulence in an experimental model of septic arthritis. The results show that these 2 sets of proteins play distinctly different roles in the development and progression of septic arthritis. Although Clfs significantly contributed to the arthritogenicity of S. aureus, FnBPs had no effect on the development of arthritis. Conversely, FnBPs played an important role in the induction of systemic inflammation, characterized by interleukin-6 secretion, severe weight loss, and mortality.
Convergence and Public Investment: Regional Policies Revisited (2005)

This paper aims to add new arguments upon the debate on the effectiveness of regional policies. We present an endogenous growth model with two regions where the crucial issue for removing regional disparities is public investment. When the model is checked using data from Spanish regions, we do not find evidence of convergence, in spite of the redistributive character of the regional allocation of public investment. Neither capital mobility, nor human capital accumulation, nor public R&D activities seem to have been an obstacle for convergence since the middle of the eighties. Therefore, thinking on a new approach for regional development seems to be required.
Raccoon Latrine Structure and Its Potential Role in Transmission of Baylisascaris procyonis to Vertebrates (1998)

Baylisascaris procyonis, the common large roundworm of raccoons (Procyon lotor), causes clinical neurologic disease in many species of mammals and birds. Infective eggs of B. procyonis are present at raccoon latrine sites, and these sites may be important in the transmission of this parasite to syntopic small vertebrates in forested areas. We located raccoon latrines in forested sites in Indiana, sampled soil and fecal material from these locations, and examined these samples for the presence of Baylisascaris procyonis eggs. We also quantified the structural characteristics of raccoon latrines in wooded areas, compared their characteristics with randomly located sites, and classified sites based on structural features using stepwise discriminant function analysis. B. procyonis eggs were present at 14% of the raccoon latrines sampled. Latrine sites differed from randomly located sites and exhibited characteristics generally associated with treefall gaps. Most latrines were located either on logs (49%) or at the base of large trees (37%). Structural features surrounding latrines often are important travel routes or foraging areas for various small vertebrates. The visitation of mammals and birds to sites exhibiting these structural features may result in infection with B. procyonis. In this way, Baylisascaris procyonis could have long-term impacts on populations of native mammals and birds.
Sentence-Wise Smooth Regularization for Sequence to Sequence Learning (2019)

Maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) is widely used in sequence to sequence tasks for model training. It uniformly treats the generation/prediction of each target token as multiclass classification, and yields non-smooth prediction probabilities: in a target sequence, some tokens are predicted with small probabilities while other tokens are with large probabilities. According to our empirical study, we find that the non-smoothness of the probabilities results in low quality of generated sequences. In this paper, we propose a sentence-wise regularization method which aims to output smooth prediction probabilities for all the tokens in the target sequence. Our proposed method can automatically adjust the weights and gradients of each token in one sentence to ensure the predictions in a sequence uniformly well. Experiments on three neural machine translation tasks and one text summarization task show that our method outperforms conventional MLE loss on all these tasks and achieves promising BLEU scores on WMT14 English-German and WMT17 Chinese-English translation task.
Mining Suspicious Patterns in Physical Environment (2007)

In the view of escalating threat in homeland security, it is imperative to have an automated detection system that can pick up suspicious patterns of human movement in physical environments. It can give a forewarning before a planned attack happens or an ultimate security is breached. In the past, significant research on intrusion detection systems was established, but limited to virtual environments like computer networks and operating systems. In this paper, we proposed a general mining model for detecting suspicious patterns in physical environment. Suspicious patterns are subtle, relatively difficult to define and detect. Experiments are currently being conducted.
Lateral inhibitory action in an optical neural network using an internal-light-coupled optical device array (1991)

A novel configuration of an optical lateral inhibitory neural network using a two-dimensional internal-light-coupled optical device (ILCOD) array is proposed. It is experimentally certified with a test ILCOD structured with seven units in a two-dimensional hexagonal arrangement that the optical coupling between the units causes turn-off of the light emission of the unit in a specific position, which results in lateral inhibitory action of a neural network.
Load Sharing Communication between Different Engine/Generator Controllers (2015)

New diesel, gas and dual-fuel power plants have new engine controllers and voltage regulators which control the load sharing. The objective of this thesis was to find out how the new controllers and regulators are able to communicate with the old existing systems. The thesis started by getting to know the manuals of the relevant components in load sharing, including both old and new devices and specially what differences and similarities they had. This thesis includes the presentation of three old voltage regulators and engine controllers. From the new system there is only one voltage regulator and one engine controller. These devices were chosen because they are the most common in projects in which ABB participates. Different control modes for the controllers are also presented in this thesis. Connecting different communication systems is possible on the engine side through a converter. According to the information gathered in this thesis it is recommended that a common PLC is used for load sharing between the existing power plants and the power plant extension that use ABB’s Unitrol 1020. This is because it is impossible to connect the older AVRs with Unitrol due to different communication systems.
Assessment of Myocardial Angiogenesis and Vascularity in Small Animal Models (2010)

Therapies that aim to prevent myocardial tissue from dying or to regenerate new myocardium all rely on the preservation or growth of a functional vasculature. The amount of blood that supplies the myocardium is dependent on the number and nature of the microvessels, as well as the ability of the arteries to supply blood and the veins to remove it. All of these factors can be assessed when success of an experimental therapy is being evaluated. Different kinds of information can be obtained from these different parameters, and it is important to understand what each one involves and how it can be misinterpreted. This chapter describes the various approaches to the assessment of vascularity in the heart with a focus on small animal models, dealing both with those approaches that are purely histological endpoint studies and those that are functional measurements in living animals.
Automatic grammar correction for second-language learners (2006)

A computer conversational system can potentially help a foreignlanguage student improve his/her fluency through practice dialogues. One of its potential roles could be to correct ungrammatical sentences. This paper 1 describes our research on a sentencelevel, generation-based approach to grammar correction: first, a word lattice of candidate corrections is generated from an illformed input. A traditional n-gram language model is used to produce a small set of N-best candidates, which are then reranked by parsing using a stochastic context-free grammar. We evaluate this approach in a flight domain with simulated ill-formed sentences. We discuss its potential applications in a few related tasks. Index Terms: computer-assisted language learning, dialogue systems, natural language generation.
xAn Enhanced Adaptive FEC Mechanism for Video Delivery over Wireless Networks (2006)

This paper proposes an Enhanced Adaptive FEC (EAFEC) algorithm implemented in the Access Point (AP) to improve video delivery over wireless networks. Unlike traditional static FEC mechanisms, which add redundant data to transmission data in a fixed number, the number of redundant FEC data for the EAFEC mechanism is determined by the AP, which is based on both network traffic load and wireless channel state. The algorithm is based on two factors. One of them is the queue length in the access point, indicating network traffic load; the second factor is packet retransmission times, indicating wireless channel state. EAFEC usage would tune FEC data number generated in such a way that it wouldn’t unnecessarily add more traffic to network in already congested scenario. Our work shows that the EAFEC algorithm improves system performance by dynamically tuning FEC strength to the current loss in wireless channel. We use NS-2 simulation experiments to prove our algorithm.
Hydrocarbons (2013)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Saturated Hydrocarbons 1.1. Physical Properties 1.2. Chemical Properties 1.3. Production 1.3.1. From Natural Gas and Petroleum 1.3.2. From Coal and Coal-Derived Products 1.3.3. By Synthesis and by Conversion of other Hydrocarbons 1.4. Uses 1.5. Individual Saturated Hydrocarbons 2. Olefins 2.1. Monoolefins 2.1.1. Properties 2.1.2. Production of Higher Olefins 2.1.2.1. Production from Paraffins 2.1.2.2. Oligomerization of Lower Olefins 2.1.3. Uses of Higher Olefins 2.1.4. Economic Aspects of Higher Olefins 2.2. Dienes and Polyenes 2.2.1. Low Molecular Mass 1,3-Dienes 2.2.2. Synthesis of Dienes and Polyenes by Oligomerization 2.2.3. Synthesis of Dienes and Polyenes by Metathesis 3. Alkylbenzenes 3.1. Trimethylbenzenes 3.2. Tetramethylbenzenes 3.3. Penta- and Hexamethylbenzene 3.4. Diethylbenzenes 3.5. Triethylbenzenes and more Highly Ethylated Benzenes 3.6. Ethylmethylbenzenes (Ethyltoluenes) 3.7. Cumene 3.8. Diisopropylbenzenes 3.9. Cymenes; C4- and C5-Alkylaromatic Compounds 3.10. Monoalkylbenzenes with Alkyl Groups >C10 3.11. Diphenylmethane 4. Biphenyls and Polyphenyls 4.1. Biphenyl 4.2. Terphenyls 4.3. Polyphenyls 5. Hydrocarbons from Coal Tar 5.1. Acenaphthene 5.2. Indene 5.3. Fluorene 5.4. Fluoranthene 5.5. Phenanthrene 5.6. Pyrene 6. Toxicology and Occupational Health 6.1. Alkanes 6.2. Alkenes 6.3. Alkylbenzenes 6.4. Biphenyls and Polyphenyls 6.5. Hydrocarbons from Coal Tar 6.5.1. Biological Effects 6.5.1.1. Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity 6.5.1.2. Mammalian Toxicity and Toxicokinetics 6.5.1.3. Ecotoxicology 6.5.2. Safety Regulations
Respiratory syncytial virus infection does not increase allergen-induced type 2 cytokine production, yet increases airway hyperresponsiveness in mice (2001)

Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced disease is associated with childhood asthma and atopy. We combined murine models of allergen-sensitization and RSV infection to explore the interaction of allergic and virus-induced airway inflammation and its impact on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). We found that RSV infection during ova-sensitization (OVA/RSV) increased and prolonged AHR compared to mice only RSV-infected (RSV) or ova-sensitized (OVA). AHR is known to be associated with an increase in Type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) in allergen-sensitized mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that RSV-induced enhancement of AHR was a result of potentiating the Type 2 cytokine profile promoted by ova-sensitization. Surprisingly, we found that Type 2 cytokines induced by ova-sensitization were not increased by RSV infection despite the increase in AHR, and in some cases were diminished. RNAse protection assay revealed no difference in IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA levels between the OVA and OVA/RSV groups, and IL-13 mRNA was significantly decreased in the OVA/RSV mice compared to the OVA group. Flow cytometric analysis of Type 2 cytokines demonstrated the same frequency of IL-4 and IL-5 production in lung-derived T lymphocytes from the OVA/RSV and OVA groups. Direct cytokine ELISA measurements of lung supernatant showed the level of IL-13 was significantly decreased in the OVA/RSV group compared to OVA mice, while there was no difference in either IL-4 or IL-5 between these two groups. These data indicate that the enhanced and prolonged AHR caused by the interaction of allergic airway inflammation and virus-induced immune responses is a complex process that can not be explained simply by augmented production of Type 2 cytokines.
Flow cytometry strikes gold (2015)

Flow cytometry remains unparalleled as a high-throughput, high-content single-cell analysis technology
SuperCaly: Smart life assistance by integrating a calendar app with location tracking, media organization and social connection (2017)

Smart life assistant starts from collecting every possible data about a user and makes intelligent use of such data to support user. SuperCaly easily organizes daily life around one of the most important personal tool: the calendar. SuperCaly extends calendar by integrating location tracking, messaging, media organization, and search functions into one cohesive app. Popular calendar apps, such a Google Calendar and iOS Calendar, allow users to create events and invite participants. However, they lack an in-app communication platform allowing users to interact with event participants conveniently. SuperCaly aims to bridge this gap to create a more streamlined event creation and collective planning experience. SuperCaly additionally offers dynamic location tag creation, automatically creating additional events in the calendar based on the user's location changes. Location history is then easily accessible by users, making it easier for them to recall easily forgettable details: when was their last doctor's appointment, which car maintenance shop did they use, etc. Additionally, SuperCaly also provides intelligent media organization, allowing the user to see which photos and videos were taken during a certain event. Integrated data also has the potential to reveal the user's previously hidden life patterns, which they can use to learn about their habits and increase efficiency in their daily activities.
A technique for monitoring blood flow changes with miniaturized Doppler flow probes (1984)

A method for constructing miniaturized Doppler blood flow probes is presented. Since these probes weigh less than 100 mg and have crystal heads less than 0.5 mm in size, they are suitable for chronic placement on vessels as small as 200 micron. The probes are positioned under the vessel and rotated to optimize the Doppler signal. While held in that position, the crystal head is attached to the adventitia of the vessel with cyanoacrylate glue. A cuff holding the vessel and probe in the chosen position is then formed in situ by the application of a drop of silicone polymer. Data are presented showing the linearity of a flow probe response with the volume blood flow at rates as low as 14 microliter/min. With the use of the uterine artery of the conscious, unrestrained rat as an example, the probe was demonstrated to detect a dynamic change in flow.
Computational Study of a High-Expansion Ratio Radial Organic Rankine Cycle Turbine Stator (2010)

There is a growing interest in organic Rankine cycle (ORC) turbogenerators because they are suitable as sustainable energy converters. ORC turbogenerators can efficiently utilize external heat sources at low to medium temperature in the small to medium power range. ORC turbines typically operate at very high pressure ratio and expand the organic working fluid in the dense-gas thermodynamic region, thus requiring computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers coupled with accurate thermodynamic models for their performance assessment and design. This article presents a comparative numerical study on the simulated flow field generated by a stator nozzle of an existing high-expansion ratio radial ORC turbine with toluene as working fluid. The analysis covers the influence on the simulated flow fields of the real-gas flow solvers: FLUENT, FINFLO, and ZFLOW, of two turbulence models and of two accurate thermodynamic models of the fluid. The results show that FLUENT is by far the most dissipative flow solver, resulting in large differences in all flow quantities and appreciably lower predictions of the isentropic nozzle efficiency. If the combination of the k−ω turbulence model and FINFLO solver is adopted, a shock-induced separation bubble appears in the calculated results. The bubble affects, in particular, the variation in the flow velocity and angle along the stator outlet. The accurate thermodynamic models by Lemmon and Span (2006, “Short Fundamental Equations of State for 20 Industrial Fluids,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, 51(3), pp. 785–850) and Goodwin (1989, “Toluene Thermophysical Properties From 178 to 800 K at Pressures to 1000 Bar,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 18(4), pp. 1565–1636) lead to small differences in the flow field, especially if compared with the large deviations that would be present if the flow were simulated based on the ideal gas law. However, the older and less accurate thermodynamic model by Goodwin does differ significantly from the more accurate Lemmon–Span thermodynamic model in its prediction of the specific enthalpy difference, which leads to a considerably different value for the specific work and stator isentropic efficiency. The above differences point to a need for experimental validation of flow solvers in real-gas conditions, if CFD tools are to be applied for performance improvements of high-expansion ratio turbines operating partly in the real-gas regime.
Reproducibility of in-vivo diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2012)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the interstudy reproducibility of DTI in the human HCM heart in-vivo and the largest cDTI study in HCM to date. Our results show good reproducibility of FA, MD and HA which indicates that current technology yields robust in-vivo measurements that have potential clinical value. The interpretation of regional differences in the septum requires further investigation.
Optimum Flap Angles for Roll Control on Wings with Multiple Trailing-Edge Flaps (2008)

This research effort explores the use of multiple trailing-edge flaps for efficiently generating rolling moment on aircraft. Using the concept of basic and additional lift distributions, the induced drag of the wing is expressed in terms of the flap angles. The theory of relative extrema is then used to determine the optimum flaps angles for minimum induced drag with a constraint on the rolling moment. By setting the mean of the flap angle for operation of the wing within the low-drag range, profile drag is also minimized. The general methodology can also be used on tailless aircraft and to study the effect of failure modes such as a stuck flap. The results show that multiple flaps can be used to generate rolling moments with lower drag than when ailerons are used. They also provide redundancy that helps efficiently handle control failures such as stuck flaps. The current research serves as a starting point for further investigation into the use of multiple flaps for efficient aircraft control.