gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of metabolite features for the modelling and analysis of high-resolution NMR spectra (2008)

This study presents three feature selection methods for identifying the metabolite features in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra that contribute to the distinction of samples among varying nutritional conditions. Principal component analysis, Fisher discriminant analysis, and Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) were used to calculate the importance of individual metabolite feature in spectra. Moreover, an Orthogonal Signal Correction (OSC) filter was used to eliminate unnecessary variations in spectra. We evaluated the presented methods by comparing the ability of classification based on the features selected by each method. The result showed that the best classification was achieved from an OSC-PLS-DA model.
Solar ponds (1964)

The social pattern and economy of an underdeveloped area endowed with appropriate geographic and climatic conditions could be transformed by the harnessing of solar energy. The method of harnessing solar energy described in this article employs a mass of salt water as an efficient collector.
Transmission through multiply-connected wire systems (1990)

Employing a Landauer-type picture, the chemical potential at a certain site in a multiply-connected wire system is expressed in terms of the transmission amplitudes between this site and the external electron reservoirs. The result is applied to geometries involving rings containing magnetic flux, in order to derive nonlocal quantum interference effects in the conductance. As an example, h/e oscillations are obtained in the conductance of a wire with a ``dangling ring'' and in the conductance of a resistor in series with a ring. The general form of the scattering matrix of a three-terminal ``fork'' governing the transmission of a ring is found and exemplified by an explicit calculation within the tight-binding model. This example shows that, in general, the scattering matrix is not real (as assumed in previous studies), but that the qualitative results are not sensitive to the detailed form of the matrix.
From the Editor (2013)

From the Editor Uwe Michael Lang On Monday 11 February 2013, at an Ordinary Public Consistory convoked to approve the canonization of new saints, Pope Benedict XVI announced that he would “renounce the ministry of Bishop of Rome, Successor of Saint Peter … in such a way, that as from 28 February 2013, at 20:00 hours, the See of Rome, the See of Saint Peter, would be vacant and a Conclave would then be called to elect the next Pope.”1 Benedict XVI took this grave step, which has no equivalent in the last six hundred years of the Church’s long memory, when he realized that his strength of mind and body was no longer adequate to fulfill the ministry entrusted to him. It should be recognized with gratitude that the almost eight years of his pontificate were marked by a singular attention to liturgical matters. Noted for his own scholarly contributions in the field, the Pope made decisions that are of lasting significance both on a theoretical and on a practical level. The next number of Antiphon will therefore be dedicated to a discussion of the liturgical legacy of the German Pontiff. As this issue goes to press, the Cardinals have assembled in Rome to go into Conclave and elect the next Successor of Peter. 1 Benedict XVI, Declaratio (February 11, 2013): http://www.vatican. va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/speeches/2013/february/documents/hf_benxvi_spe_20130211_declaratio_en .html (English text; access: 3/10/2013). Antiphon 17.1 (2013): 2 ...
Heat Shock Protein Accumulation Is Upregulated in a Long-Lived Mutant of Caenorhabditis elegans (2001)

We present evidence for elevated levels of heat shock protein 16 (HSP16) in an intrinsically thermotolerant, long-lived strain of Caenorhabditis elegans during and after heat stress. Mutation of the age-1 gene, encoding a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit, results in both extended life span (Age) and increased intrinsic thermotolerance (Itt) in adult hermaphrodites. We subjected age-synchronous cohorts of worms to lethal and nonlethal thermal stress and observed the accumulation of a small (16-18 kd) heat-shock-specific polypeptide detected by an antibody raised against C. elegans HSP16. Strains carrying the mutation hx546 consistently accumulated HSP16 to higher levels than a wild-type strain. Significantly, overaccumulation of HSP16 in the age-1(hx546) strain following heat was observed throughout the adult life span. A chimeric transgene containing the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene fused to a C. elegans HSP16-41 transcriptional promoter was introduced into wild-type and age-1(hx546) backgrounds. Heat-inducible expression of the transgene was elevated in the age-1(hx546) strain compared with the wild-type strain under a wide variety of heat shock and recovery conditions. These observations are consistent with a model in which Age mutations exhibit thermotolerance and extended life span as a result of elevated levels of molecular chaperones.
Dissociation and Protection of the Neurovascular Unit after Thrombolysis and Reperfusion in Ischemic Rat Brain (2009)

In the ischemic brain, reperfusion with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) sometimes causes catastrophic hemorrhagic transformation (HT); however, the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that the basement membrane, and not the endothelial cells, is vulnerable to ischemic/reperfusion injury with tPA treatment. We treated a spontaneously hypertensive rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with vehicle alone, tPA alone, or a free radical scavenger, edaravone, plus tPA. Light and electron microscopic analyses of each microvascular component revealed that the basement membrane disintegrated and became detached from the astrocyte endfeet in tPA-treated animals that showed HT. On the other hand, edaravone prevented the dissociation of the neurovascular unit, dramatically decreased the HT, and improved the neurologic score and survival rate of the tPA-treated rats. These results suggest that the basement membrane that underlies the endothelial cells is a key structure for maintaining the integrity of the neurovascular unit, and a free-radical scavenger can be a viable agent for inhibiting tPA-induced HT.
Comparison of Ti-Based Coatings on Silicon Nanowires for Phosphopeptide Enrichment and Their Laser Assisted Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Detection (2017)

We created different TiO₂-based coatings on silicon nanowires (SiNWs) by using either thermal metallization or atomic layer deposition (ALD). The fabricated surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and reflectivity measurements. Surfaces with different TiO₂ based coating thicknesses were then used for phosphopeptide enrichment and subsequent detection by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). Results showed that the best enrichment and LDI-MS detection were obtained using the silicon nanowires covered with 10 nm of oxidized Ti deposited by means of thermal evaporation. This sample was also able to perform phosphopeptide enrichment and MS detection from serum.
Accuracy boundary in heart rate variability analysis from solid state ambulatory recordings (2003)

Solid-state (SS) Holter recorders, being free from electromechanical noise sources, are expected to allow accurate estimates of heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. To verify this expectation, the authors evaluated four commercial SS systems: HP 43420B (HP), Marquette SEER (MRQ), Oxford 6000FD2 (OXF), and Reynolds ERAM (REY). Computer generated electrocardiogram (ECG) sequences having a different degree of RR variability were fed into each recorder and a set of time and frequency domain HRV parameters were estimated on annotated RR lists created by their respective processing units. Descriptive statistics of the estimation error of all parameters were computed for each system. The data show that for HP, MRQ, and OXF the accuracy of HRV measurements is essentially bounded by the error caused by the sampling frequency of the ECG signal. The REY system shows lower accuracy indicating that some extra noise sources affect RR measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Different Functional Loops between Cerebral Cortex and the Subthalmic Area in Parkinson's Disease (2005)

We investigate the extent to which functional circuits coupling cortical and subthalamic activity are multiple and segregated by frequency in untreated Parkinson's disease (PD). To this end, we recorded EEG and local field potentials (LFPs) from macroelectrodes inserted into the subthalamic nucleus area (SA) in nine awake patients following functional neurosurgery for PD. Patients were studied after overnight withdrawal of medication. Coherence between EEG and SA LFPs was apparent in the theta (3-7 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), lower beta (14-20 Hz) and upper beta (21-32 Hz) bands, although activity in the alpha and upper beta bands dominated. Theta coherence predominantly involved mesial and lateral areas, alpha and lower beta coherence the mesial and ipsilateral motor areas, and upper beta coherence the midline cortex. SA LFPs led EEG in the theta band. In contrast, EEG led the depth LFP in the lower and upper beta bands. SA LFP activity in the alpha band could either lead or lag EEG. Thus there are several functional sub-loops between the subthalamic area and cerebral cortical motor regions, distinguished by their frequency, cortical topography and temporal relationships. Tuning to distinct frequencies may provide a means of marking and segregating related processing, over and above any anatomical segregation of processing streams.
Joule-Thomson coefficients of hydrogen and methane mixtures (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTJoule-Thomson coefficients of hydrogen and methane mixturesR. E. Randelman and L. A. WenzelCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1988, 33, 3, 293–299Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00053a021https://doi.org/10.1021/je00053a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1000Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Approach of ACARS Data Encryption and Authentication (2010)

With the increasing number of aircraft, the airlines and civil aviation organization are relying on ACARS (Aircraft Communications Addressing and Report System) for air traffic and control. Unfortunately, automated information exchange between aircraft and ground entity also increase the system vulnerability and may severely impacts the safety of a flight. This paper introduce a End-to-End architecture which employ message encryption and authentication to protect the security between aircraft and airlines and thus permit ACARS data link messages to be exchanged in a secure manner.
An efficient synthesis of 1,1-disubstituted hydrazines. (1983)

1, 1-Disubstituted hydrazines were prepared from the corresponding 1, 1-disubstituted ureas by means of the Hofmann rearrangement reaction. The yields were fairly good, except from the ureas susceptible to oxidation, and thus the present method represents an additional and efficient procedure for the synthesis of 1, 1-disubstituted hydrazines.
The Steamboat connection (1993)

Regular national surveys of all public and private radiation oncology facilities in Australia have been carried out between 1986 and 1999. Workforce data recorded were numbers of radiation oncologists and trainees, radiation therapists, medical physicists and physics technicians, nursing staff, data managers, social workers and clerical staff. Workloads included treatments with megavoltage beams (linear accelerators, cobalt-60), orthovoltage/superficial X-rays, brachytherapy, total body irradiation and stereotactic radiosurgery. Major equipment recorded included numbers of megavoltage and orthovoltage/superficial X-ray machines, planning simulators, computerized dosimetry systems and brachytherapy equipment. The use of radiotherapy beds and the public-private mix of treatments were also documented. Data were assembled for Australia based on each individual state. Within Australia the number of public and private treatment facilities has increased by 44% from 18 in 1986 to 26 in 1999. The population has increased by 16.4%, cancer incidence by 51.8% and megavoltage workloads (fields) by 102%. The number of radiation therapists and physicists and the number of linear accelerators have, in general, increased with the growth in workloads. The number of radiation oncologists has increased by 60% from 4.5 full-time equivalent (FTE) radiation oncologists per million population in 1986 to 7.2 per million in 1999. There is currently a deficit of at least 40 radiation oncologists to be able to treat the 50% of newly diagnosed cancer patients requiring radiotherapy. In addition, a significant deficiency exists in numbers of radiation therapists, nursing staff, data managers, social workers and clerical staff. Clearly the demands for medical physicists has increased but the data are insufficient to comment on deficiencies. Despite the increases in workloads the proportion of patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy remains below 40%. A positive correlation has been shown between the proportion of newly diagnosed cancer patients treated and the number of FTE radiation oncologists, the number of megavoltage machines and number of radiation therapists. This was shown for Australia as a whole, for each state and for the years 1986 to 1999. This was also the case when total megavoltage fields was used as the dependent variable. Multiple regression analysis using the same independent variables confirmed these positive correlations. It is concluded that the low treatment rate with radiation oncology for cancer patients in Australia is due mainly to the lack of resource allocation. The stated commitment of governments and health departments to a 50% treatment rate can only become a reality if there is a concerted effort to increase the numbers of radiation oncologists, radiation therapists, megavoltage machines and support staff. Otherwise at least one in every 10 newly diagnosed cancer patients will continue to be denied adequate and equitable access to radiotherapy - in 1999 that total figure was 9400 persons.
Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptors and Lipid Metabolism<sup>a</sup> (1993)

PPARs are nuclear hormone receptors which, like the retinoid, thyroid hormone, vitamin D, and steroid hormone receptors, are ligand-activated transcription factors mediating the hormonal control of gene expression. Two lines of evidence indicate that PPARs have an important function in fatty acid metabolism. First, PPARs are activated by hypolipidemic drugs and physiological concentrations of fatty acids, and second, PPARs control the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids through transcriptional induction of the gene encoding the acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), which is the rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway. Furthermore, the PPAR signaling pathway appears to converge with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor (RXR) signaling pathway in the regulation of the ACO gene because heterodimerization between PPAR and RXR is essential for in vitro binding to the PPRE and because the strongest stimulation of this gene is observed when both receptors are exposed simultaneously to their activators. Thus, it appears that PPARs are involved in the 9-cis retinoic acid signaling pathway and that they play a pivotal role in the hormonal control of lipid metabolism.
Quantitative Absorption Spectroscopy of a Single Gold Nanorod (2008)

The spectrally- and polarization-resolved absorption cross-sections of a single gold nanorod have been investigated using the spatial modulation spectroscopy technique. The ensemble of its optical features, that is, longitudinal and transverse surface plasmon resonances and interband absorption, has been quantitatively characterized. The results are compared with numerical simulations using the discrete dipole approximation and the finite element method, yielding information on the investigated nanorod size and shape.
The ground effect on lifting propellers (1937)

In what follows an estimate will be made of the magnitude of the ground effect. For the two cases where the distance a of the propeller from the ground is very small, and very large, respectively, in comparison with the propeller radius r(sub o) the relations may be simply expressed. We consider first the effect of the ground, assuming that the thrust is held constant, as may be done by a suitable change in the propeller speed.
Deep code search (2018)

To implement a program functionality, developers can reuse previously written code snippets by searching through a large-scale codebase. Over the years, many code search tools have been proposed to help developers. The existing approaches often treat source code as textual documents and utilize information retrieval models to retrieve relevant code snippets that match a given query. These approaches mainly rely on the textual similarity between source code and natural language query. They lack a deep understanding of the semantics of queries and source code.
Extending the supercontinuum spectrum down to 200 nm with few-cycle pulses (2006)

By focusing 805 nm pulses of low energy (0.2-1 mJ) into atmospheric-pressure argon, a supercontinuum is generated with a short-wavelength cutoff of 640, 250 and 210 nm for initial pulse durations of 45, 10 and 6 fs, respectively. It is shown numerically that the large shift of the UV cutoff and many features of the spectrum are caused by terms beyond the slowly-varying-envelope approximation (SVEA). Their effect on pulse compression and filament length is also discussed. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
Using bottom-up design techniques in the synthesis of digital hardware from abstract behavioral descriptions (1988)

This paper reports on a new method for using bottom-up design information in the synthesis of integrated circuits from abstract behavioral descriptions.
5-Aminolevulinic Acid Induced Fluorescence Is a Powerful Intraoperative Marker for Precise Histopathological Grading of Gliomas with Non-Significant Contrast-Enhancement (2013)

Our study indicates that 5-ALA induced PpIX fluorescence is a powerful marker for intraoperative identification of anaplastic foci according to the histopathological WHO criteria in DIG with non-significant contrast-enhancement. Therefore, application of 5-ALA optimizes tissue sampling for precise histopathological diagnosis independent of brain-shift.
Combined digital zooming and digital effects system utilizing CCD signal characteristics (1993)

An image processing system for digital zooming and digital effects is proposed. This system directly processes the CCD (charge coupled device) signal without separating it into luminance and chrominance signals, based on the characteristics of the color filter array in the CCD. By using the proposed color signal processing method, and efficient and high-quality digital zooming system is obtained. Various special effect functions are included in the system by adding simple controls for the addresses of the accompanied image buffers. The digital zooming can magnify the real-time dynamic images up to 4 times by 25 discrete steps. The digital effects unit achieves various visual effects by controlling the accompanied image buffers. To realize the proposed system, approximately 270000 transistors are integrated in a single chip VLSI by using 0.8 mu m double metal CMOS technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mobile device for electronic eye gesture recognition (2009)

Based on the fact that there are many challenging cases of infirm persons, who are able to control only their eye muscles, a low-cost mobile device for electronic eye gesture recognition has been designed as a human-machine interface, which enables the control of different applications and home appliances by user's eye gestures by the IR and Bluetooth wireless technology. In this paper the embedded system design of the device is presented in detail, including hardware and software design, modes of operation, and used methods for the eye gesture recognition. Beside these, measurements of the used differential amplifier and the achieved eye gesture recognition efficiency are presented within the test results. Furthermore, a newly designed adjustable head mounted EOG acquisition device with the permanent surface electrodes is proposed.
A simple flowthrough cell for microwave dielectric measurements (1989)

A new type of transmission line dielectric cell is described for measurement of the microwave dielectric properties of liquids. It can be used as a flowthrough cell for continuous monitoring. Results are given for various alcohols and compared with the literature.
The Origins and Future of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1992)

During the past two decades nuclear magnetic resonance has revolutionized chemistry, biochemistry, biology and, more recently, diagnostic medicine. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, or mri as it is commonly called, is fundamentally different from x-ray-based techniques in terms of the principles of spatial encoding and mechanisms of signal and contrast generation involved. Mri has a far richer ultimate potential than any other imaging technique known today, and its technology and applications are still far from maturation, which may not occur until early in the 21st century.
Antimicrobial urinary catheters: a systematic review (2008)

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a common occurrence, often clinically unapparent and with a benign course. However, in a small fraction of patients catheter-associated bacteriuria/funguria (CABF) produces overt clinical manifestations and adverse consequences, including (at the extreme end of the spectrum) urosepsis and death. Antimicrobial-coated catheters have been proposed as a method to prevent CAUTI and are in use worldwide, although their clinical efficacy is not well known. Randomized and quasi-randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that antimicrobial-coated catheters do decrease the incidence of CABF; however, evidence that such devices provide clinically meaningful benefit is lacking. Moreover, uncertainty exists as to which of the currently marketed catheters is most effective against CABF, since no published trial has directly compared different antimicrobial-coated catheters. We conducted a systematic review to summarize and evaluate existing evidence, and to address areas of uncertainty. We found consistent but variable evidence that antimicrobial-coated catheters prevent CABF during short-term catheterization; however, no study demonstrated a clinical benefit. Future efforts in this field should include randomized trials with clinically relevant end points, as well as research to develop improved mechanisms for bladder drainage, preferably without the risks and discomfort currently associated with urinary catheters.