gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A chimeric Cre recombinase inducible by synthetic,but not by natural ligands of the glucocorticoid receptor (1998)

We have developed a new ligand-dependent chimeric recombinase (Cre-GRdex) by fusing the site-specific Cre recombinase to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of a mutant human glucocorticoid receptor (GRdex). The synthetic glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligands dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide and RU38486efficiently induce recombinase activity in F9 murine embryonal carcinoma cells expressing constitutively Cre-GRdex. In contrast, no recombinase activity was detected in the absence of ligand or in the presence of the natural GR ligands corticosterone, cortisol or aldosterone. Moreover, physiological concentrations of these natural GR ligands do not affect Cre-GRdexrecombinase activity induced by dexamethasone. Thus, as previously shown using Cre-oestrogen receptor (ER) fusion proteins, Cre-GRdexmight be useful for achieving loxP site-directed mutagenesis in cultured cells and spatio-temporally controlled somatic cell mutagenesis in transgenic mice.
Characterization of Rotator Cuff Tears: Ultrasound Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2016)

Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are both capable of diagnosing full-thickness rotator cuff tears. However, it is unknown which imaging modality is more accurate and precise in evaluating the characteristics of full-thickness rotator cuff tears in a surgical population. This study reviewed 114 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear over a 1-year period. Of these patients, 61 had both preoperative MRI and ultrasound for review. Three musculoskeletal radiologists evaluated each ultrasound and MRI in a randomized and blinded fashion on 2 separate occasions. Tear size, retraction status, muscle atrophy, and fatty infiltration were analyzed and compared between the 2 modalities. Ultrasound measurements were statistically smaller in both tear size (P=.001) and retraction status (P=.001) compared with MRI. The 2 image modalities showed comparable intraobserver reliability in assessment of tear size and retraction status. However, MRI showed greater interobserver reliability in assessment of tear size, retraction status, and atrophy. Independent observers are more likely to agree on measurements of the characteristics of rotator cuff tears when using MRI compared with ultrasound. As tear size increases, the 2 image modalities show greater differences in measurement of tear size and retraction status. Additionally, compared with MRI, ultrasound shows consistently low reliability in detecting subtle, but clinically important, degeneration of the soft tissue envelope. Although it is inexpensive and convenient, ultrasound may be best used to identify a tear, and MRI is superior for use in surgical planning for larger tears. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(1):e124-e130.].
Reconstruction-reprojection processing of transmission scans and the variance of PET images (1992)

Two methods for processing noisy transmission sinograms are compared on the basis of the sample variances of emission images reconstructed from simulated data. The first method, reconstruction-reprojection, reconstructs a transmission image, and then reprojects and exponentiates it to form a smoothed set of attenuation correction factors. The other method low-pass filters each projection in the transmission data. It showed analytically that reconstruction-reprojection significantly reduces the variance of the attenuation correction factors even when the reconstruction step uses a ramp filter. Simulations were done to determine whether this reduction emission image when compared to low-pass filtering. The results of these simulations are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reliability Implications of Nitrogen Contamination During Deposition of Sputtered Aluminum/Silicon Metal Films (1984)

Aluminum/Silicon (Al/Si) sputtered metal films for MOS integrated circuit metalization deposited under conditions of nitrogen contamination coupled with a subsequent silicon nitride (Si3N4) passivation can seriously impact product relialility. The reliability implications of this sputtered metallization process will be discussed. The discussion will include film characteristics and structure, description f the failure mechanism, life modeling, accelerated testing, and electromigration behavior.
Metal overlayer on metal carbide substrate: unique bimetallic properties for catalysis and electrocatalysis (2012)

Transition metal carbides often display electronic and catalytic properties that are similar to Pt-group metals. In this tutorial review, we describe the feasibility of replacing the Pt-group metal component in bimetallic systems with metal carbides. By supporting a metal monolayer on a carbide substrate, these bimetallic surfaces exhibit similar catalytic and electrocatalytic activity to the corresponding Pt-based bimetallic systems while demonstrating the advantages of lower cost and higher thermal stability. Another promising aspect is that the carbide substrates often promote the formation of small, flat metal particles with novel catalytic properties. We review the synthesis, characterization, and utilization of carbide-supported metal surfaces in heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis. An overview is given for both theoretical and experimental investigations, and trends are drawn from the literature. We also discuss opportunities for future research on carbide-supported metal surfaces.
ANR: Articulated Neural Rendering for Virtual Avatars (2021)

The combination of traditional rendering with neural networks in Deferred Neural Rendering (DNR) [38] provides a compelling balance between computational complexity and realism of the resulting images. Using skinned meshes for rendering articulating objects is a natural extension for the DNR framework and would open it up to a plethora of applications. However, in this case the neural shading step must account for deformations that are possibly not captured in the mesh, as well as alignment in-accuracies and dynamics—which can confound the DNR pipeline. We present Articulated Neural Rendering (ANR), a novel framework based on DNR which explicitly addresses its limitations for virtual human avatars. We show the superiority of ANR not only with respect to DNR but also with methods specialized for avatar creation and animation. In two user studies, we observe a clear preference for our avatar model and we demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on quantitative evaluation metrics. Perceptually, we observe better temporal stability, level of detail and plausibility. More results are available at our project page: https://anr-avatars.github.io.
A Wireless EEG Sensors System for Computer Assisted Detection of Alpha Wave in Sleep (2005)

To gain good alpha wave for diagnosing insomnia in the situation which patient feeling comfort, an EEG sensor was designed with shorter electrode wires, battery supplied and wireless transmitter, whose another usage is brain-computer interface (BCI). The result of test represents the system can get good alpha wave and reject power-line interference at all
VLSI Implementation of a High-Speed Iterative Sorted MMSE QR Decomposition (2007)

The QR decomposition is an important, but often underestimated prerequisite for pseudo- or non-linear detection methods such as successive interference cancellation or sphere decoding for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The ability of concurrent iterative sorting during the QR decomposition introduces a moderate overall latency, but provides the base for an improved layered stream decoding. This paper describes the architecture and results of the first VLSI implementation of an iterative sorted QR decomposition preprocessor for MIMO receivers. The presented architecture performs MIMO channel preprocessing using Givens rotations in order to compute the minimum mean squared error QR decomposition
Effect of Grinding and Firing Treatment on the Crystalline and Glass Content and the Physical Properties of Whiteware Bodies (1951)

The quantitative determination of the amount of quartz, mullite, and glass resulting from varying grinding and firing treatments was correlated with the physical properties of a whiteware body. The body composition selected contained 20% potash feldspar, 30% flint, 7.5%, ball clays, and 42.5% kaolins. The body mix was ground for 8−, 25−, and 100−hour periods, and, in addition, the flint and feldspar were preground for 25 and 100 hours. Special fluxes such as talc and nepheline syenite were also tried. All bodies were heated to cones 5, 7, and 9, and the fired porosity, modulus of rupture, and volume shrinkage after firing were determined. The amounts of quartz, mullite, and glass (by difference) were determined quantitatively with a Geiger‐counter X‐ray spectrometer, using a powdered sample with an internal standard. The results showed that the finer grinding of the body, flint, or the potash feldspar reduced the quartz content, increased slightly the mullite formation, and increased the amount of glass. The combination of finely ground feldspar and flint gave a much higher mullite formation and a lower quartz content. The results showed that an increase of talc is unfavorable to mullite formation. The transverse strength of the bodies investigated was proportional to the total mullite and glass content.
Genetic Control of Extracellular Protease Synthesis in the Yeast <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> (2002)

Abstract Depending on the pH of the growth medium, the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica secretes an acidic protease or an alkaline protease, the synthesis of which is also controlled by carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur availability, as well as by the presence of extracellular proteins. Previous results have indicated that the alkaline protease response to pH was dependent on YlRim101p, YlRim8p/YlPalF, and YlRim21p/YlPalH, three components of a conserved pH signaling pathway initially described in Aspergillus nidulans. To identify other partners of this response pathway, as well as pH-independent regulators of proteases, we searched for mutants that affect the expression of either or both acidic and alkaline proteases, using a YlmTn1-transposed genomic library. Four mutations affected only alkaline protease expression and identified the homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SIN3. Eighty-nine mutations affected the expression of both proteases and identified 10 genes. Five of them define a conserved Rim pathway, which acts, as in other ascomycetes, by activating alkaline genes and repressing acidic genes at alkaline pH. Our results further suggest that in Y. lipolytica this pathway is active at acidic pH and is required for the expression of the acidic AXP1 gene. The five other genes are homologous to S. cerevisiae OPT1, SSY5, VPS28, NUP85, and MED4. YlOPT1 and YlSSY5 are not involved in pH sensing but define at least a second protease regulatory pathway.
Numerical Simulation of Water Temperature in a Spent Fuel Pit during the Shutdown of Its Cooling Systems (2012)

In order to evaluate the heat loss and water temperature in a spent fuel pit (SFP) after the shutdown of its cooling systems, three dimensional thermal hydraulic behavior was calculated using the CFD software, FLUENT 6.3.26. In the calculations, the decay heat calculated by using the burn-up calculation software, ORIGEN 2.2, and the previously proposed correlation for evaporation heat fluxes from the water surface to air flow were used. Water temperatures were almost uniform in the SFP, and this indicated that one-regional calculation model might be able to obtain an average water temperature accurately. Comparisons of calculated results with measured temperatures showed that ORIGEN 2.2 gave good prediction of the decay heat for fuel assemblies with large decay heat which had been taken relatively recently from the shutdown reactor core. But ORIGEN 2.2 overestimated for longtime cooled fuel assemblies with small decay heat. The previously proposed evaporation heat flux correlation overestimated the temperature increasing rate of the SFP water.
Detection of Early Bladder Cancer by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Induced Porphyrin Fluorescence (1996)

Due to the high sensitivity of the procedure fluorescence guided biopsies are recommended instead of random biopsies.
Use of Polymeric Surfactant Infused Substrates in Removal of Emulsions and Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Aqueous Waste Streams (2000)

ABSTRACT Environmental concerns and tightening regulations have taxed the capabilities of current technology to deal with oily waste. Emulsions and low‐level aromatic, polyaromatic and halo‐genated hydrocarbons have proven especially onerous. The properties and potential uses of a new type of chemical compound (US Patent #5,437,793; CAS #173967‐80‐1, 173967‐81‐2) for the purpose of de‐emulsification removal of organic compounds from aqueous waste streams are discussed relative to enhancing existing technologies and developing new ones. Specifically, the use of treated filter materials is covered for the purpose of enhancing oil‐water separation (OWS) technology by using treated filters as post oil water separator polishers. These polishers are generally capable of bringing post OWS water effluent from 150 ppm (parts per million) emulsified oil down below the 15 ppm discharge limit. Additionally, this chemistry can be infused into existing boom materials to enhance performance and minimize water drag‐out while at the same time new boom configurations can be constructed using new materials previously unusable because of their lack of attraction for oils. Treatment with polymeric surfactant (PS) chemistry renders such materials oleophilic so mat other favorable properties (i.e. buoyancy) can be exploited to provide superior performance and minimize water drag‐out.
[The action of bacterial antagonists on the aerobic microflora of human skin]. (1997)

The authors have investigated antagonistic action of museum strains-antagonists Bacillus subtilis 2896, B. licheniformis 254 and Escherichia coli M-17 against 698 strains of staphylococci, 518 micrococci, 315 corynebacteria, 74 aerobic bacilli and 26 enterobacteria isolated from the surface of stomach and skin of 102 healthy people of different sex. The investigations have shown that B. subtilis 2896 and E. coli M-17 were most active: they inhibited the growth of micrococci, corynebacteria, bacilli, enterobacteria and pseudomonads. Bacteria B. licheniformis have manifested the less antagonistic effect of representatives of skin microbiocenoses. These are B. subtilis and E. coli M-17 that are recommended for clinical testing with the purpose of correction of skin microbiocenoses and for preventing from the development of pyo-septic complications of skin.
Functional Expression of the Gene <i>cu</i>, Encoding the Phytotoxic Hydrophobin Cerato-ulmin, Enables <i>Ophiostoma quercus</i>, a Nonpathogen on Elm, to Cause Symptoms of Dutch Elm Disease (2000)

We studied the involvement of the phytotoxic hydrophobin cerato-ulmin (CU) in pathogenesis and virulence of Dutch elm disease (DED) by expressing its encoding gene (cu) in Ophiostoma quercus, a nonpathogenic species on elm closely related to the DED pathogens O. ulmi and O. novo-ulmi. The production of the toxin was quantitatively determined in culture filtrates and in mycelial extracts of the transformants. Production of CU in vitro was associated with the ability to cause typical DED symptoms, consisting of foliar yellow and wilting and vascular tissue discoloration on a moderately resistant elm genotype. The presence of CU was monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in symptomatic leaves of plants inoculated with O. quercus transformants expressing CU and found to be associated with wilt symptoms. In general, the virulence of the cu-expressing transformants, as measured in terms of vascular discoloration and percentage of defoliation, was lower than that of the mildly pathogenic isolate E2 of O. ulmi. However, one transformant (C39) displayed a virulence level intermediate between that of E2 and 182, a highly virulent isolate of O. novo-ulmi. Our results indicate that CU production influences virulence in nonaggressive strains of Ophiostoma fungi.
Complementary analyses on the local polarity in lateral polarity-inverted GaN heterostructure on sapphire (0001) substrate (2006)

The fabrication of the lateral polarity-inverted GaN heterostructure on sapphire (0001) using a radio-frequency-plasma-enhanced molecular beam epitaxy is demonstrated. Its microscopic properties such as surface potentials, piezoelectric polarizations, and residual carrier densities were investigated by Kelvin force microscopy and micro-Raman scattering. The inversion from Ga polarity to N polarity in a specific domain and its higher crystal perfection had been unambiguously confirmed by these complementary analyses. The results were also fairly consistent with that of KOH etching, which suggests the applicability of these processes to the fabrication of photonic nanostructures.
Formation of Pores in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Cell Membranes by a Cecropin Isolated from Hemolymph of <i>Heliothis virescens</i> Larvae (1996)

The insect humoral defense system produces antibacterial peptides called cecropins. Cecropins were initially isolated from Hyalophora cecropia pupae and have since been isolated and identified in various insects. In this study, we have isolated and identified a cecropin from Heliothis virescens larvae. Rabbit IgG were raised against synthetic cecropin B. Affinity chromatography with the rabbit anti-(cecropin B) IgG was used to isolate a cecropin from hemolymph of H. virescens larvae. Acid gel electrophoresis followed by a bacterial-overlay analysis showed that Heliothis cecropin is a basic peptide of low molecular mass with bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli K12 D31. Heliothis cecropin is therefore analogous to synthetic cecropin B. One unresolved issue concerning cecropins and other antibiotic peptides is the mode of action by which they kill bacteria. By means of electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry with gold-labeled rabbit anti-cecropin IgG, binding of purified and synthetic cecropin to the cell membranes of E. coli K12 D31 cells was observed. Small lesions in the cell membrane were seen that had a diameter of 9.6 nm and internal pore of 4.2 nm. The Heliothis cecropin was found to be a pore-forming molecule that causes lesions in the cell membrane of E. coli K12 D31. The lesions lead to leakage of cytoplasmic contents and death of bacteria.
Halogenation of vinyl ketoximes. Synthesis of isoxazoles and preparation and silver ion‐promoted reactions of 4‐halo‐2‐isoxazolines (1980)

Abstract Reaction of several α,β‐unsaturated ketoximes with N ‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) gave isoxazoles, but yields were lower and the reaction less general than a similar transformation using iodine under basic conditions. With β,β‐disubstituted oximes, 4‐halo‐5,5‐disubstituted‐2‐isoxazolines were obtained using NBS, iodine, or N ‐chlorosuccinimide. Treatment of the 4‐bromoisoxazo‐lines with silver acetate or silver nitrate caused either elimination with rearrangement to give isoxazoles or substitution at C‐4, depending upon the nature of the substituents at C‐5.
Hypersensitivity to tartrazine (FD&C Yellow No. 5) and other dyes and additives present in foods and pharmaceutical products. (1977)

Tartrazine (FD&C Yellow No. 5) and other allowed certified color additives may have an exacerbating effect in chronic urticaria and asthma sufferers. In the individual patient the only way to determine their relevance is to administer test doses. By altering doses, timing and substances and by interspacing controls a battery of tests has been developed. Methods of testing for sensitization to food additives and analgesics are described.
A wide tuning range gated varactor (2000)

A wide tuning range gated varactor for radio frequency (RF) applications is described in this paper. The gated varactor is a three-terminal device. The third terminal helps achieve an improved tuning range. The measured tuning range of the varactor exceeds /spl plusmn/50%. The new device can be implemented with a standard CMOS process without any post-processing. A 2 GHz prototype voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is implemented using the new varactor in a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The VCO achieved a sensitivity of 220 MHz/V.
Black phosphorus quantum dots: synthesis, properties, functionalized modification and applications (2018)

Zero-dimensional (0D) black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are emerging functional nanomaterials. 0D BPQDs are a new form of black phosphorus (BP) nanostructures that were first prepared in 2015; they are different from typical two-dimensional (2D) BP layered nanosheets and one-dimensional (1D) BP nanoribbons. Since 2015, numerous studies have been devoted to exploring various synthetic methods, properties and modifications of BPQDs, which exhibit a broad range of applications. This review systematically summarizes PBQDs for the first time. Different synthetic methods are reviewed, including ultrasonic and electrochemical exfoliation, solvothermal treatment, blender breaking, milling crushing and pulsed laser irradiation. We highlight the physicochemical properties of BPQDs from theoretical models and discuss their experimentally observed properties. The surface modifications and functionalized combination of BPQDs with other substances are summarized by illustrating different hybrid structures, such as BPQDs/nanosheets hybrids, BPQDs-doping films, BPQDs-molecules complexes, polymers-modified BPQDs, and the assembly of BPQDs in devices. The potential applications of BPQDs are demonstrated in current research fields, including bioimaging, fluorescence sensing, nonlinear optical absorbers, cancer therapy, intelligent electronics, photovoltaics, optoelectronics and flexible devices. The current status, challenges and future perspectives of PBQDs are discussed rationally. This timely overall review should be desirable for broad scientists and facilitate the further development of layered nanostructures-derived QDs and other low-dimensional nanomaterials.
Human progenitor-derived endothelial cells vs. venous endothelial cells for vascular tissue engineering: an<i>in vitro</i>study (2010)

The isolation of endothelial progenitor cells from human peripheral blood generates a great hope in vascular tissue engineering because of particular benefit when compared with mature endothelial cells. We explored the capability of progenitor-derived endothelial cells (PDECs) to line fibrin and collagen scaffolds in comparison with human saphenous and umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HSVECs and HUVECs): (a) in a static situation, allowing definition of the optimal cell culture conditions with different media and cell-seeding densities to check cell behaviour; (b) under shear stress conditions (flow chambers or tubular vascular constructs), allowing investigation of cell response and mRNA expression on both substrates by oligonucleotide microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR. Well characterized PDECs: (a) could not be expanded adequately with the usual mature ECs culture media; (b) were able to colonize and grow on fibrin glue; (c) exhibited higher resistance to oxidative stress than HSVECs and HUVECs; (d) withstood physiological shear stress when lining both substrates in flow chambers, and their gene expression was regulated; (e) colonized a collagen-impregnated vascular prosthesis and were able to sense mechanical forces. Our results provide an improved qualification of PDECs for vascular tissue engineering.