gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fully Integrated CMOS RF Power Amplifier with Parallel Power Combining and Power Control (2005)

This paper presents a fully integrated RF power amplifier (PA) operating at 2.45 GHz and integrated in a 0.13mum CMOS technology. To achieve an output power of 23dBm, the architecture consists of four amplifiers whose outputs are combined by an on-chip power combining and matching network. The power added efficiency is 28% at 2.45 GHz and -6dBm input power. At lower power levels, the efficiency is increased by using only one power amplifier. This technique reduces the power consumption of the driver stages. The presented fully integrated solution reduces the required board area and increases the overall transmitter efficiency
WIRELESS BROADBAND ACCESS: WIMAX AND BEYOND - Integration of WiMAX and WiFi: Optimal Pricing for Bandwidth Sharing (2007)

Broadband wireless access networks based on WiMAX can provide backhaul support for mobile WiFi hotspots. We consider an integrated WiMAX/WiFi network for such an application where the licensed WiMAX spectrum is shared by the WiFi access points/routers to provide Internet connectivity to mobile WiFi users. The WiMAX backbone network and WiFi hotspots are operated by different service providers. Issues such as protocol adaptation, quality of service support, and pricing for bandwidth sharing that are related to integration of these networks are discussed. In addition, we propose a model for optimal pricing for bandwidth sharing in an integrated WiMAX/WiFi network. A Stackelberg leader-follower game is formulated to obtain the optimal pricing solution for bandwidth sharing. Performance evaluation results reveal some interesting insights into the problem
Combining cloud computing and wireless sensor networks (2009)

Just recently emerged a new paradigm for internet-based software systems which is called as cloud computing. The cloud provides scalable processing power and several kinds of connectable services. This distributed architecture has many similarities with a typical wireless sensor network, where a lot of motes, which are responsible for sensing and local preprocessing, are interconnected with wireless connections. Since wireless sensor networks are limited in their processing power, battery life and communication speed, cloud computing usually offers the opposite, which makes it attractive for long term observations, analysis and use in different kinds of environments and projects, since the basic infrastructure remains the same.
Learning Traffic Light Phase Schedules from Velocity Profiles in the Cloud (2012)

Traffic lights strongly impact vehicle movement and fuel consumption in cities. If drivers were aware of the traffic light phase schedule, they could predict the traffic light state at arrival time and could reduce fuel consumption. To acquire information like traffic light phase schedules, our vision is that drivers share their velocity profiles in a digital cloud, and in return benefit from smart algorithms evaluating the collected data. We present one such algorithm, Traffic Light State Estimation (TLSE), that operates on the velocity profiles to backward-estimate phase schedules of traffic light signal groups operating with fixed cycle length (representing about 80% of all traffic lights in the US). We present simulation results showing that phase schedule prediction on the base of TLSE is correct more than 90% of the time.
Finite Element Analysis for Belt Conveyor's Drum (2011)

A new finite element analysis method of driver drum is introduced in this paper, conveyor belt is introduced in analysis model, and the effect that bearing imposed on drum is treated as spherical constraints. The drum is analyzed under the coalition of assembly load and ultimate torque load using the paper method as well as the traditional method, and the results between two methods are compared. The analysis results show that the danger points are on the hub inner and the weld seam between spoke and hub, the comparison shows that the analysis results by the paper described method are smaller than the traditional method results by 10%. The load imposing ways described in this paper are more consistent with the actual work process, and the analysis results are more accurate and reliable.
Long-Term Functional Outcomes after Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer (2013)

At 15 years, no significant relative differences in disease-specific functional outcomes were observed among men undergoing prostatectomy or radiotherapy. Nonetheless, men treated for localized prostate cancer commonly had declines in all functional domains during 15 years of follow-up. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute.).
Blood Flow in a Continuous Flow Ventricular Assist Device (1999)

A numerical analysis was performed to predict the shear stresses, flow rates, and the velocity profiles in a continuous flow ventricular assist device, the CFVAD3. The problem was modeled as a rotating disk over a stationary disk. A variety of clearances was tested for the CFVAD3 coupled with a range of rotational speeds and pressure gradients. Velocity fields were generated using solutions obtained with FLOW3D software (AEA Technology, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A.) Analysis of these solutions shows that the pressure differential effect has a stronger influence on the flow than the rotational effect of the impeller Ekman layer. The predicted shear stresses reflect these changes in the volume flow rates and the speeds shown in the velocity profiles. Based on the predictions of the software, the optimum clearance and rotational speed were chosen. The conclusion is that a speed in the range of 2,200-2,400 rpm should be chosen depending on the efficiency of the pump.
Selective activation of heparin cofactor II by a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the leaves of Artemisia princeps (1995)

While checking anticoagulant activities in crude fractions from Wakan-Yakus (traditional herbal drugs), we detected antithrombin activity in the polysaccharide fraction of the leaves of Artemisia princeps Pamp. A sulfated polysaccharide purified from the crude fractions by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sepharose 6B potentiated the heparin cofactor II (HC II)-dependent antithrombin activity but not the antithrombin activity of antithrombin III (AT III). The polysaccharide enhanced the HC II-thrombin reaction more than 6000-fold. The apparent second-order rate constant of thrombin inhibition by HC II increased from 3.8 x 10(4) (in the absence of the polysaccharide) to 2.5 x 10(8) M-1 min-1 in the presence of 25-125 micrograms/ml of the polysaccharide. In human plasma, the polysaccharide accelerated the formation of thrombin-HC II complex. The stimulating effect on HC II-dependent antithrombin activity was almost totally abolished by treatment with chondroitinase AC I, heparinase or heparitinase, while chondroitinase ABC or chondroitinase AC II had little or no effect. These results suggest that the polysaccharide is a glycosaminoglycan-like material with properties that are quite distinct from heparin or dermatan sulfate.
A flexible and scalable high-performance OpenFlow switch on heterogeneous SoC platforms (2014)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) has been proposed as a flexible solution for the next generation Internet provision. OpenFlow is a pioneering protocol for SDN which enables a hardware data plane to be managed by a software-based controller in a standard way. In this paper, we present a hardware-software co-design approach of an OpenFlow switch using a state-of-the-art heterogeneous system-on-chip (SoC) platform. Specifically, we implement the OpenFlow switch on a Xilinx Zynq ZC706 board. The Xilinx Zynq SoC family provides a tight coupling of field programmable gate array (FPGA) fabric and ARM processor cores, making it an attractive on-chip implementation platform for SDN switches. High-performance, yet highly-programmable, data plane processing can reside in programmable logic, while complex control software can reside in ARM processor. Our proposed architecture involves a methodology that scales across: (a) a range of possible packet throughput rates and (b) a range of possible flow table sizes. Post-place-and-route results show that our design targeted at Xilinx Zynq can achieve a total 88 Gbps throughput for a 1K flow table which supports dynamic and hitless updates. Correct operation has been demonstrated using a ZC706 board.
Burn depth determination using high-speed polarization-sensitive Mueller optical coherence tomography with continuous polarization modulation (2006)

National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) estimates more than 1.1 million burn injuries per year in the United States, with nearly 15,000 fatalities from wounds and related complications. An imaging modality capable of evaluating burn depths non-invasively is the polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. We report on the use of a high-speed, fiber-based Mueller-matrix OCT system with continuous source-polarization modulation for burn depth evaluation. The new system is capable of imaging at near video-quality frame rates (8 frames per second) with resolution of 10 μm in biological tissue (index of refraction: 1.4) and sensitivity of 78 dB. The sample arm optics is integrated in a hand-held probe simplifying the in vivo experiments. The applicability of the system for burn depth determination is demonstrated using biological samples of porcine tendon and porcine skin. The results show an improved imaging depth (1 mm in tendon) and a clear localization of the thermally damaged region. The burnt area determined from OCT images compares well with the histology, thus proving the system's potential for burn depth determination.
Fluorescence Sensor Array for Metal Ion Detection Based on Various Coordination Chemistries: General Performance and Potential Application (2008)

A sensor array containing 9 cross-reactive sensing fluorescent elements with different affinity and selectivity to 10 metal cations (Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cd(2+), Hg(2+), Co(2+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Al(3+), Ga(3+)) is described. The discriminatory capacity of the array was tested at different ranges of pH and at different cation concentrations using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Qualitative identification of cations can be determined with over 96% of accuracy in a concentration range covering 3 orders of a magnitude (5-5000 microM). Quantitative analysis can be achieved with over 90% accuracy in the concentration range between 10 and 5000 microM. The array performance was also tested in identification of nine different mineral water brands utilizing their various electrolyte compositions and their Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and Zn(2+) levels. LDA cross-validation routine shows 100% correct classification for all trials. Preliminary results suggest that similar arrays could be used in testing of the consistency of the purification and manufacturing process of purified and mineral waters.
Restoration of thermographic images using iterative inverse filtering (laser surgery application) (2003)

The use of the image restoration technique of iterative inverse filtering to enhance recorded thermal images is discussed. Potential problems encountered in thermographic imaging are discussed. It is shown how the camera point spread function and slit response functions can be determined. Evaluation of the technique using a calibrated aluminum target is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Method of Quantitative Comprehension of Visual Information Sent from Shops on Downtown Streets. (1999)

Recently, attempts aimed for original designs of the cities are seen in various places all over the country. But when inhabitants leads them, there are many difficulties, especially concerning about consistency of the designs. Then there is a need for an objective index of sceneries. Because of such backgrounds, we studied sceneries of downtown streets from a standpoint of inducing designs of sceneries. At downtown streets, sceneries are composed of information sent from shops along the streets. So, we measured such information, mainly using “Information Theory” and proposed the indices named ‘Quantity of visual stimulus’, ‘ Intensity of disclosure’, ‘Information selection entropy’ and categorized shops based on them. Moreover, we, analyzed the relationship between intentions of sending information and facades of the shops by them. Findings of this study are below. First of all, we made an explanation for categorization of shops made in former studies and categorized them from other viewpoint. Secondly, we pointed out a relationship between shops' intention of sending information and their visual elements such as advertisements on their facades. Finally, we showed that a concept of the entropy above mentioned which expresses diversity has possibilities for an useful index of sceneries.
What is the evidence for a role for diet and nutrition in osteoarthritis? (2018)

As current treatment options in OA are very limited, OA patients would benefit greatly from some ability to self-manage their condition. Since diet may potentially affect OA, we reviewed the literature on the relationship between nutrition and OA risk or progression, aiming to provide guidance for clinicians. For overweight/obese patients, weight reduction, ideally incorporating exercise, is paramount. The association between metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes and OA risk or progression may partly explain the apparent benefit of dietary-lipid modification resulting from increased consumption of long-chain omega-3 fatty-acids from oily fish/fish oil supplements. A strong association between OA and raised serum cholesterol together with clinical effects in statin users suggests a potential benefit of reduction of cholesterol by dietary means. Patients should ensure that they meet the recommended intakes for micronutrients such as vitamin K, which has a role in bone/cartilage mineralization. Evidence for a role of vitamin D supplementation in OA is unconvincing.
Apelin, an APJ Receptor Ligand, Regulates Body Adiposity and Favors the Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression of Uncoupling Proteins in Mice (2007)

Apelin, the endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor, has been identified in a variety of tissues, including stomach, heart, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue. We sought to clarify the effects of apelin on body adiposity and the expression of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in C57BL/6 mice. Treatment with ip apelin at a dose of 0.1 μmol/kg·d for 14 d decreased the weight of white adipose tissue and serum levels of insulin and triglycerides, compared with controls, without influencing food intake. Apelin treatment also decreased body adiposity and serum levels of insulin and triglycerides in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. Apelin increased the serum adiponectin level and decreased that of leptin. Additionally, apelin treatment increased mRNA expression of UCP1, a marker of peripheral energy expenditure, in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and of UCP3, a regulator of fatty acid export, in skeletal muscle. In addition, immunoblot bands and relative densities of UCP1 content in BAT were also higher in the apelin group than controls. Furthermore, apelin treatment increased body temperature and O2 consumption and decreased the respiratory quotient. In conclusion, apelin appears to regulate adiposity and lipid metabolism in both lean and obese mice. In addition, apelin regulates insulin resistance by influencing the circulating adiponectin level, the expression of BAT UCP1, and energy expenditure in mice.
[Treatment of erectile disorders with androgens: When? How?]. (1997)

Erectile dysfunction associated to low circulating androgens is characterized by a low testosterone due to hypogonadism of hypothalamic-pituitary or testicular origin. Long term androgen administration is unacceptable unless biology has demonstrated hypogonadism with a low testosterone level not related to hyperpolactinemia. Intramuscular testosterone or transdermal dihydrotestosterone can be used with a similar clinical effect but a different biological impact regarding aromatase activity. Whatever may be the type of androgen supplementation, one should use low dosage with frequent administration in order to obtain stable and physiologic plasmatic values. On account of androgen impact on prostate and cardiovascular system, careful pretreatment screening should eliminate an occult prostate cancer and a vascular thrombosis risk in a complaining and informed patient. Clinical and biological parameters should be periodically followed throughout androgen therapy.
Persistent binding of a new reaction product of the carcinogen N-hydroxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene with guanine in rat liver DNA in vivo. (1972)

The binding of 2-acetylaminofluorenyl residues (-AAF) to rat liver DNA in vivo was studied at different periods of time after administration of N -hydroxy- N -2-acetylaminofluorene-2′-3H. Liver DNA was hydrolyzed at pH 6 with a mixture of spleen phosphodiesterase and wheat germ acid phosphatase.

The enzymatic digests were analyzed by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Maximum levels of bound radioactivity were found in liver DNA at 16 to 18 hr following a single injection of N -hydroxy- N -2-acetylaminofluorene-2′-3H. The major part (80%) of the bound radioactivity was identified as N -(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene (dGuo-AAF), which disappeared rapidly from DNA with a biological half-life of approximately 7 days. A second product, however, constituting 20% of the bound radioactivity, remained associated with DNA for periods of up to 8 weeks after injection. Unlike dGuo-AAF, the minor product was not deacetylated by the action of 0.1 n NaOH or 0.1 n HCl at 75° for 2 hr. The persistent -AAF residue was not detected in rRNA and tRNA from rat liver.

A minor product with chemical and chromatographic properties similar to those of the persistent -AAF moiety in vivo was isolated from 14C-labeled DNA, which had been reacted with N -acetoxy- N -2-acetylaminofluorene-2′-3H in vitro . The 3H:14C ratio of this product was identical to the theoretical 3H:14C ratio, which was calculated for the reaction product dGuo-AAF, thus indicating that the persistent -AAF moiety in DNA is also bound to guanine.

Persistent binding of radioactivity to rat liver DNA in vivo was also observed following a single injection of 2-acetylaminofluorene-9-14C-2′-3H. Previous reports that 70% of the total carcinogen bound to DNA at 24 hr had lost the N -acetyl group were confirmed. Approximately 20% of bound -AAF at 24 hr (5% of total carcinogen) remained associated with DNA at 4 weeks after injection. The 3H:14C ratio of DNA at 4 weeks was identical to the 3H:14C ratio of the isolated reaction product dGuo-AAF, indicating that there are no persistent 2-aminofluorene residues. Administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene-9-14C-2′-3H resulted in 53% exchange of N -acetyl groups, but injection of N -hydroxy- N -2-acetylaminofluorene-9-14C-2′-3H did not result in significant exchange of the N -acetyl group.
A Simple Colorimetric Method for the Evaluation of Chitosan (2010)

A simple sensitive and rapid colorimetric method has been developed, and herein described, for the qualitative and quantitative chemical assessment of the commercially available chitosan products. The described method relies on the reactivity of the basic amino function of chitosan with the acid dye bromocresol purple. The applied technique allows assessment of variability and selectivity changes in the quality of the marketed chitosan products.
Solution-State NMR Studies of the Surface Structure and Dynamics of Semiconductor Nanocrystals (1998)

1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation studies of thiophenol-capped CdS nanocrystals are presented. The transverse and longitudinal relaxation times were investigated as a function of nanocrystal radius, and the transverse relaxation time was also studied as a function of temperature. Both proton and carbon T2 values were found to increase with nanocrystal radius, contrary to initial expectations. This effect is explained in terms of motion of the thiophenol with respect to the nanocrystalline surface. Theoretical expressions for relaxation due to anisotropic motion are developed based on both bridging and terminal bonding configurations of the thiophenol ligands, and the data are fit to these models. The data are found to be consistent with thiophenol ligands bound in a terminal fashion to a single Cd atom. The temperature dependence of the proton T2 value is also suprising. T2 is found to decrease with increasing temperature, and the size of this change scales with the nanocrystal radius. This is explained in terms of an extra component of relaxation due to thermally excited electrons.
Epigenetic Specificity of Loss of Imprinting of the IGF2 Gene in Wilms Tumors (2007)

Loss of imprinting (LOI) of the IGF2 gene (which encodes insulin-like growth factor II) is the most common genetic or epigenetic alteration in Wilms tumor; LOI involves aberrant activation of the normally repressed maternally inherited allele. We found previously that LOI of IGF2 occurs in approximately half of all Wilms tumors (i.e., those arising from lineage-committed nephrogenic progenitor cells). We investigated whether LOI of IGF2 is associated with relaxation of imprinting at loci other than IGF2 or with widespread alterations in DNA methylation. We stratified 59 Wilms tumor samples by IGF2 LOI status by use of hot-stop reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and/or methylation analysis of the differentially methylated region of the H19 gene and identified 31 samples with and 28 without LOI. We used quantitative allele-specific expression analysis to determine whether six other imprinted genes (i.e., H19, KCNQ1, LIT1, TSSC5, GRB10, and MEG3) had subtle LOI. No statistically significant difference in allele-specific expression between Wilms tumor with or without LOI was found for LIT1, TSSC5, GRB10, and MEG3. For the KCNQ1 gene there was a slight difference between the groups with (37.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 31.8% to 42.2%) and without (27.7%, 95% CI = 21.8% to 33.5%) LOI (P = .02 for F test of group differences in a mixed-effects model). For H19, we also found a slight difference between the groups with (7.5%, 95% CI = 2.4% to 12.7%) and without (2.2%, 95% CI = -3.2% to 7.6%) LOI of IGF2 (P = .15 for F test). In 27 tumor samples, we also used a microarray technique to analyze methylation of 378 genes, 38 of which were suspected or confirmed imprinted genes. We found that statistically significant alterations in only the differentially methylated region of the H19 gene were associated with LOI of IGF2. Thus, epigenetic alterations in Wilms tumors are not widespread, supporting the gene and lineage specificity of LOI of IGF2.