gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric effect of air, N2, O2, and water vapor on the ionization energy of titanyl phthalocyanine thin film studied by photoemission yield spectroscopy (2007)

The effect of atmospheric gases on the ionization energy (I) of titanyl phthalocyanine thin film was investigated by an apparatus of photoemission yield spectroscopy developed for the measurements of I for the same specimen both in vacuum and under gaseous atmosphere. It was found that the value of I is affected by the exposure to various ambient gases (i.e., air, nitrogen, and oxygen of 1 atm, and water vapor corresponding to 27% relative humidity at 300 K), and that the effect strongly depends on the gas. The ionization energies in vacuum could be determined as the onset I0 of the cube-root plot of the photoemission yield as a function of photon energy. When the sample was exposed to gases, the cube-root plot still gives an onset, but often a long tail at the low-energy side with another onset It was also observed. The first exposure to air did not affect both I0 and It much, while the following evacuation-exposure cycles caused mostly reversible decrease and increase of I0 and It by about 0.2 and 0.4 eV, respectively. Among the examined constituent gases of air, nitrogen was found to hardly affect both I0 and It except for the small temporal decrease by 0.06 eV at the first exposure. Similar trends of the change of I0 and It with those for air were found for oxygen, with the amplitudes of mostly reversible change being 0.1 eV for I0 and 0.2 eV for It. Overlapped with these changes, a slow decrease of both I0 and It, was also observed with a slope of 0.01 eV per day. For water, the trends were mostly similar with O2, except that (1) the first exposure to water vapor showed small and large changes in I0 (0.03 eV increase) and It (0.4 eV decrease) and (2) the amplitudes of the mostly reversible change of I0 (0.3 eV) and It (0.05 eV) were much larger and smaller than those for O2, respectively. A long-term decrease was also observed with a slope of 0.04 eV per day. These results indicate that the atmospheric effect by ambient air on I is mainly caused by water vapor, although oxygen also makes significant contribution. Since the observed trends are rather complex, there seem to be multiple factors affecting I, which is the energy difference between the vacuum level and the highest occupied molecular orbita. Possible microscopic mechanisms of the observed variation of I on these levels are also discussed in terms of the energy change in these levels.
LPS regulates proinflammatory gene expression in macrophages by altering histone deacetylase expression (2006)

Bacterial LPS triggers dramatic changes in gene expression in macrophages. We show here that LPS regulated several members of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family at the mRNA level in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM). LPS transiently repressed, then induced a number of HDACs (Hdac-4, 5, 7) in BMM, whereas Hdac-1 mRNA was induced more rapidly. Treatment of BMM with trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of HDACs, enhanced LPS-induced expression of the Cox-2, Cxcl2, and Ifit2 genes. In the case of Cox-2, this effect was also apparent at the promoter level. Overexpression of Hdac-8 in RAW264 murine macrophages blocked the ability of LPS to induce Cox-2 mRNA. Another class of LPS-inducible genes, which included Ccl2, Ccl7, and Edn1, was suppressed by TSA, an effect most likely mediated by PU.1 degradation. Hence, HDACs act as potent and selective negative regulators of proinflammatory gene expression and act to prevent excessive inflammatory responses in macrophages.
Resistance of the Red Beet Cultivar Avonearly to Infection by <i>Peronospora farinosa</i> f.sp. <i>betae</i> (1969)

SUMMARY In glasshouse and field experiments, Avonearly red beet at the seedling and young plant stage was more resistant to downy mildew than several other commercial cultivars. Similar resistance was observed in Avonearly stecklings overwintered in frames or in a cool store (maximum temperature 4·4°C)for subsequent seed production. This resulted in better survival, both during the winter and the following summer, than was shown by the mildew‐susceptible cv. Detroit Improved Globe.
Immunoaffinity purification and characterization of the envelope protein E1 of hog cholera virus (1990)

The envelope protein E1 of hog cholera virus (HCV) was isolated by immunoaffinity purification with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against HCV. E1 consisted of a doublet of glycoproteins which varied in size from 51K to 56K between the three strains tested. E1 contains major antigenic determinants of HCV which are conserved, and are involved in neutralization by MAbs. In infected cells, E1 was found always connected with a glycoprotein of 31K. When N-linked glycans were removed, E1 had a polypeptide backbone of approximately 47K. After proteolytic cleavage of E1 with Staphylococcus protease V8 and after electrophoresis and electrotransfer, peptide fragments containing different antigenic domains of E1 were detected with MAbs directed against HCV.
Identifying the Critical Role of Li Substitution in P2–Na<sub><i>x</i></sub>[Li<sub><i>y</i></sub>Ni<sub><i>z</i></sub>Mn<sub>1–<i>y</i>–<i>z</i></sub>]O<sub>2</sub> (0 < <i>x</i>, <i>y</i>, <i>z</i> < 1) Intercalation Cathode Materials for High-Energy Na-Ion Batteries (2014)

Li-substituted layered P2–Na0.80[Li0.12Ni0.22Mn0.66]O2 is investigated as an advanced cathode material for Na-ion batteries. Both neutron diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are used to elucidate the local structure, and they reveal that most of the Li ions are located in transition metal (TM) sites, preferably surrounded by Mn ions. To characterize structural changes occurring upon electrochemical cycling, in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction is conducted. It is clearly demonstrated that no significant phase transformation is observed up to 4.4 V charge for this material, unlike Li-free P2-type Na cathodes. The presence of monovalent Li ions in the TM layers allows more Na ions to reside in the prismatic sites, stabilizing the overall charge balance of the compound. Consequently, more Na ions remain in the compound upon charge, the P2 structure is retained in the high voltage region, and the phase transformation is delayed. Ex situ NMR is conducted on samples at different states of charge/discharge to track Li-ion site occupation changes. Surprisingly, Li is found to be mobile, some Li ions migrate from the TM layer to the Na layer at high voltage, and yet this process is highly reversible. Novel design principles for Na cathode materials are proposed on the basis of an atomistic level understanding of the underlying electrochemical processes. These principles enable us to devise an optimized, high capacity, and structurally stable compound as a potential cathode material for high-energy Na-ion batteries.
Blue-Green Algae as an Immuno-Enhancer and Biomodulator (2001)

In the evolving health management paradigm,1-4 the general regulation of the immune system as well as the enhancement of specific immune functions have become a growing point of interest, and rightly so. Many health problems result from the inability of the immune system to stop a disease process in its initial stage. This paper will review the scientific evidence for the immunomodulatory effects of blue-green algae and some of the demonstrated effects of blue-green algae on health and disease.
A New Laboratory Friction and Wear Test for the Characterization of Brake Linings (1967)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A compact new laboratory friction and wear test machine has been developed. Test procedures have been established for this machine in a constant output (that is, constant friction force) mode of operation. These procedures have been shown to be particularly well suited for quality control of brake lining materials. The test, designated Friction Assessment Screening Test (FAST), has been shown to yield highly reproducible results which correlate well with vehicle performance. The results are highly sensitive to those variations in brake lining properties which are most significant in brake performance.</div>
A compact, RF-driven, pulsed ion source for intense neutron generation (2002)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is currently developing a compact, sealed-accelerator-tube neutron generator for activation analysis applications. This portable generator is projected to produce a neutron flux in the range of 10/sup 9/ to 10/sup 10/ D-T neutrons per second. A 2 MHz radio-frequency (RF)-driven ion sources, designed to fit within a /spl sim/5 cm diameter borehole, is used. Typical operating parameters include repetition rates up to 100 pps, with pulse widths between 10 and 80 /spl mu/s and source pressures as low as 4 mTorr. In this configuration, peak extractable hydrogen current exceeding 35 mA from a 2 mm diameter aperture, together with H/sub 1//sup +/ yields over 94% have been achieved. The required RF impedance matching network has been successfully miniaturized to /spl sim/5 cm diameter and tested. Given the low duty cycle operation, the ion source and matching do not require any cooling.
An optimistic locking technique for concurrency control in distributed databases (1991)

A method called optimistic method with dummy locks (ODL) is suggested for concurrency control in distributed databases. It is shown that by using long-term dummy locks, the need for the information about the write sets of validated transactions is eliminated and, during the validation test, only the related sites are checked. The transactions to be aborted are immediately recognized before the validation test, reducing the costs of restarts. Usual read and write locks are used as short-term locks during the validation test. The use of short-term locks in the optimistic approach eliminates the need for the system-wide critical section and results in a distributed and parallel validation test. The performance of ODL is compared with strict two-phase locking (2PL) through simulation, and it is found out that for the low conflict cases they perform almost the same, but for the high conflicting cases, ODL performs better than strict 2PL.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conventions for the use of the Session Description Protocol (SDP) for ATM Bearer Connections (2001)

Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the &quot;Internet Official Protocol Standards &quot; (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice
Matching the Sides of a Parallel-Plate Region (Correspondence) (1957)

One of the simplest forms of electromagnetic wave is a TEM wave propagating between parallel conducting planes which extend laterally to infinity.
Inhalant abuse of 1,1-difluoroethane (DFE) leading to heterotopic ossification: a case report (2008)

What is unusual in this case is the rate at which the pathological bone formation appeared, which was long outside the 4-6 week window in which HO starts to appear. The authors are not certain as to the cause of this rapid formation but suspect that the patient's continued abuse of inhaled aerosol propellants may be the culprit.
Africa burning: A thematic analysis of the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) (2003)

The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) was a major surface, airborne, and spaceborne field campaign carried out in southern Africa in 2000 and 2001 that addressed a broad range of phenomena related to land‐atmosphere interactions and the biogeochemical functioning of the southern African system. This paper presents a thematic analysis and integration of the Journal of Geophysical Research SAFARI 2000 Special Issue, presenting key findings of an intensive field campaign over southern Africa in August and September of 2000. The integrating themes deal with surface emissions characterization; airborne characterizations of aerosols and trace gases; regional haze and trace gas characterization; and radiant measurements by surface, aircraft, and remote sensing platforms. Enhanced regional fuel loads associated with the moist La Niña phase of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle produced above average biomass burning emissions, which consequently dominated all other aerosol and trace gas emissions during the dry season. Southward transport of a broad plume of smoke originating in equatorial Africa and exiting off the east coast toward the Indian Ocean (the river of smoke) is attributed to unusual synoptic airflows associated the ENSO phase. New and revised biogenic and pyrogenic emission factors are reported, including a number of previously unreported oxygenated organic compounds and inorganic compounds from biomass combustion. Emission factors are scaled up to regional emission surfaces for biogenic species utilizing species specific and light‐dependent emission factors. Fire scar estimates reveal contradictory information on the timing of the peak and extent of the biomass‐burning season. Integrated tall stack coordinated measurements (between ground, airborne and remotely sensing platforms) of upwelling and downwelling radiation in massive thick aerosol layers covering much of southern Africa yield consistent estimates of large negative forcing for both surface and top of atmosphere radiative forcing. Radiation calculations are supported by novel information on chemical speciation and internal aerosol particle structure. The overall conclusion is that SAFARI 2000, as an integrating theme, has been able to give significant new insights into the regional scale biogeochemical cycling of southern Africa and contributed in important ways to the validation of remote sensing instruments on board the NASA Terra spacecraft.
Provision of Conversational Services over the GERAN: Technical Solution and Performance (2007)

A number of "GERAN Evolution" features have been standardized for Rel-7 by 3GPP TSG GERAN. One of the goals was to provide full support, in the Packet Switch (PS) domain, for Real Time services characterised by a low end to end delay (e.g. VoIP). This paper describes the technical solutions aiming at the optimization of the transmission of radio blocks over the radio interface, whose limitations are currently preventing the deployment of delay-sensitive data applications in the GERAN (GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network). In particular, the paper provides a description of the features which have been introduced to reduce the Round Trip Time (RTT) of the RLC protocol, namely: Reduced Transmission Time Interval (RTTI) radio blocks, a Fast Ack/Nack Reporting strategy and the RLC Non-Persistent mode operation. Simulation results are then provided, showing the performance of a VoIP service realized over a GERAN network implementing the above features.
Thermal Conductivity of Graphite-Based Polymer Composites (2018)

It is well known that polymers are insulators, which limit their usage in other applications where thermal conductivity is essential for heat to be efficiently dissipated or stored. In the past, the improvement in the thermal conductivity of polym.rs with conductive fillers has been investigated by researchers. Carbon-based materials such as graphite, graphene and carbon nanotube, which feature excellent properties such as a high mechanical strength, a high thermal conductivity and a tailorable electronic configuration, have been added to different polymer matrices to enhance their thermal conductivity. Amongst others, graphite more especially expanded graphite merits special interest because of its abundant availability at a relatively low cost and lightweight when compared to other carbon allotropes. Herein, we describe the thermal conductivity of polymer/graphite composites and their applications.
Rabbit Articular Chondrocyte Functional Toxicity Test (1995)

In this test, rabbit articular chondrocytes are cultured in the presence of a test compound, the toxicity of which is then determined by its effect on the production of proteoglycan by the cells, as detected by the dye Alcian Blue.
Drug dosing in renal disease. (2011)

Renal disease alters the effects of many drugs, particularly when active drug moieties are renally cleared. Drug doses should usually be reduced in renal disease in proportion to the predicted reduction in clearance of the active drug moiety. Patient factors to consider in adjusting drug doses include the degree of renal impairment and patient size. Drug factors to consider in adjusting doses include the fraction of the drug excreted unchanged in urine and the drug's therapeutic index. Estimates of renal function are useful to guide dosing of renally cleared drugs with medium therapeutic indices, but are not precise enough to guide dosing of drugs with narrow therapeutic indices. This article discusses principles of drug dose adjustment in renal disease.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based detection of antibodies to antigenic subtypes of infectious bursal disease viruses of chickens (1996)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a fragment of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) VP2 gene expressed in baculovirus was developed. A 944-bp portion of the VP2 gene from the Del-A strain of IBDV was ligated into the pAc360 transfer vector and transfected into baculovirus, Recombinant baculoviruses were identified by dot blot hybridization. The recombinant baculovirus 9A5 expressed a 57-kDa VP2 fusion protein, which was immunoprecipitated. This baculovirus-expressed VP2 was used as an antigen in an ELISA (Ohio State University [OSU]-ELISA). Titers of sera from specific-pathogen-free chickens infected with different strains of IBDV in our laboratory were determined by the OSU-ELISA, commercial ELISAs, and a virus neutralization assay. The results indicate that all sera from the specific-pathogen-free chickens infected with IBDV strains contained high titers of neutralizing antibodies. Each of these antisera also tested positive with the commercial ELISA kits. The OSU-ELISA did not detect antibodies to all strains of IBDV tested. This ELISA detected antibodies to the antigenically similar Delaware variant strains Del-A, Del-E, and GLS but did not detect or detected very poorly antibodies to antigenically heterologous classic IBDV strains STC, D78, and BVM. Although the antiserum to the IN strain of IBDV contained a virus-neutralizing antibody titer, the OSU-ELISA did not detect antibodies in this serum, suggesting IN is antigenically heterologous to Del-A. Titers to the IN strain were detected with the commercial ELISA kits. The OSU-ELISA detected antibodies to the SAL strain, suggesting this virus is antigenically similar to Del-A, which is supported by previously reported vaccination and challenge studies. In conclusion, the OSU-ELISA could be used to detect antibodies to a subgroup of IBDV strains, while commercially available ELISA kits detected antibodies to all the antigenic subtypes of IBDV tested.
Fast and accurate calibration-based thermal / colour sensors registration (2010)

Combination of thermal and electro-optical sensors is useful in numerous applications related to inspection and monitoring. A few manufacturers already offer hybrid thermal / colour cameras. However, those off-the-shelf products generally provide independent images from both sensors whereas an accurate pixel-by-pixel registration would be greatly beneficial for most applications. This paper presents a calibration-based approach allowing the acquisition of co-registered thermal / visible videos with a simple side-by-side camera configuration. The proposed method has the interesting capabilities of accurately registering both fields of view by a single image mapping More specifically, this mapping converts distorted image coordinates from thermal image to corresponding distorted image coordinates of colour image. Once computed, the projection matrix can be optimized for a specific object distance. An original calibration rig optimized for the thermal spectrum is also presented.
WiFi-Nano (2011)

The increase in WiFi physical layer transmission speeds from 1~Mbps to 1 Gbps has reduced transmission times for a 1500 byte packet from 12 ms to 12 us. However, WiFi MAC overheads such as channel access and acks have not seen similar reductions and cumulatively contribute about 150 us on average per packet. Thus, the efficiency of WiFi has deteriorated from over 80% at 1 Mbps to under 10% at 1 Gbps.
Handwritten numerical recognition with neural networks and information fusion (2002)

Recently, in the area of character recognition, the concept of combining multiple classifiers has been proposed as a promising direction for the development of robust recognition systems. In this paper, an evidence fusion technique, based on the notion of fuzzy integral is utilized to obtain a reliable, high accuracy handwritten character recognition system. Experiments with a large real world data set reveal the robustness of this system.
Sorption kinetics of cobalt in chelating porous membrane (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSorption kinetics of cobalt in chelating porous membraneSatoshi Konishi, Kyoichi Saito, Shintaro Furusaki, and Takanobu SugoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 12, 2722–2727Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00012a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00012a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Downlink interference minimization in cognitive LTE-femtocell networks (2013)

Minimizing the cross-tier and co-tier interference while maintaining high system throughput or spectrum efficiency is one of the major fundamental challenges within femtocell networks. Cognitive radio enabled techniques can play a key role in mitigating the interference effectively by providing more secondary spectrum access opportunities, especially in dense femtocells deployment scenarios. Supported by cognitive radio functionality, femtocell users can access and share the licensed spectra including the frequency bands of both macrocells and other licensed systems (e.g. TV White Spaces) as long as not causing harmful interference to the coexisting licensed systems. In this paper, based on cognitive sensing, we propose a joint scheme of channel assignment, power allocation and macrocell-femtocell scheduling, so as to minimize the aggregate interference from the multiple femtocells to the licensed users while taking into account each femtocell's capacity and power budget. Moreover, we come up with the concepts of Physical Cluster (PC) and Virtual Cluster (VC) and synthetically apply the related algorithms to reduce the interference step by step. Finally, the performances of the proposed algorithms are analyzed, and numerical results have verified the viability and effectiveness of the proposed scheme in managing the femtocell interference.