gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Heterocyde‐Based Pure Estrogen Antagonistsa (1995)

2-Phenylindoles and isosteric structures such as benzo[b]furans and benzo[b]thiophenes were used as estrogen receptor binding moiety for the syntheses of new nonsteroidal antiestrogens. The antiestrogenic potency was considerably enhanced following the introduction of polar functional groups into the side chain in position 1 (indole) or 3 (benzofuran, benzothiophene). The amino compounds could be characterized as mixed agonist/antagonists. Among the derivatives with an amide group compounds without any agonistic activity both in vitro and in vivo were identified. The amide function can be replaced by alkylthio or alkylsulfonyl groups without changing the endocrine profile very much. In this study, the estrogenic activity was determined in a new transcription assay with luciferase as the reporter. The results obtained in this assay were in very good agreement with those from the conventional mouse uterine weight test. Antitumor activity was determined in hormone-sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. There was no difference in activity between partial and pure estrogen antagonists. However, the derivatives with sulfur containing side chains were much more active than the corresponding heterocycles with amino or carbamoyl functions. They reached IC50-values of about 1 nM. 2-Phenylindoles and 2-phenylbenzothiophenes were rather similar in their potencies whereas the benzofuran derivatives were less active probably due to their lower binding affinities for the ER.
Heat Generation in Pneumatic Tires (1976)

Abstract A review of the entire literature on heat generation in tires shows that, while a considerable number of articles have reported the effect of running conditions, only the few cited here have provided clarification of the causes of heat generation. The overview presented here also has limitations in some respects, especially in that all the reported regression equations (except those for radial passenger car tires) have a large residual term. This is due to the scattering of the test results and the fact that only the viscoelastic properties of the tread and carcass stocks were varied, but not the tire cord and the other vulcanizates used. Tire cord properties have fixed properties, as far as the tire specialist is concerned and cannot be changed. A further regret is that almost all the investigations were carried out on laboratory test wheels, so that no experimental findings obtained from tires run on the road are included. This is so because road experiment conditions are difficult to make reproducible. On the whole, one can expect that the reported results would be qualitatively valid for tires run on the road, but the differences among different tire designs would probably not be as great, while surface friction effects would be more significant. Moreover, though the tire test parameters were different in the different laboratories, they remained constant in each test. No attempt was made to establish dependence on the load (except by Wesche), the internal pressure, the speed, the radius of the test wheel, etc., because each individual tire specialist is confronted, within his own development team, by certain standardized test conditions. The tires have to reach a sufficiently long running time under these conditions. Hence, they may not exceed certain limiting temperatures. Modifications of such requirements were not included in the scope of the present series of experiments. Almost all the authors took test samples for the measurement of viscoelastic properties from the tires, since correlations with laboratory-prepared test pieces were usually poorer. Nevertheless, in the course of compound development the tire chemist is forced to rely on laboratory test specimens and must establish relations to their properties. Consequently, the causes for the differences have to be elucidated for each individual case. In spite of these limitations, the state of the art, as presented here, permits reliable estimates to be made of the changes in tire running temperature that are caused by given changes in the recipes of the tire component stocks.
In Vivo Evaluation of a Novel Mesh Suture Design for Abdominal Wall Closure (2015)

Mesh sutures better resisted suture pull-through than conventional polypropylene sutures. The design elements of mesh sutures may prevent early laparotomy dehiscence by more evenly distributing distracting forces at the suture-tissue interface and permitting tissue incorporation of the suture itself.
Analysis of Single-Trap-Induced Random Telegraph Noise and its Interaction With Work Function Variation for Tunnel FET (2013)

This paper analyzes the impacts of a single acceptor-type and donor-type interface trap induced random telegraph noise (RTN) on tunnel FET (TFET) devices and its interaction with work function variation (WFV) using atomistic 3-D TCAD simulations. Significant RTN amplitude (ΔI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> ) is observed for a single acceptor trap near the tunneling junction, whereas a donor trap is found to cause more severe impact over a broader region across the channel region. In addition, several device design parameters that can be used to improve TFET subthreshold characteristics (thinner equivalent oxide thickness or longer <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> ) are found to increase the susceptibility to RTN. Our results indicate that under WFV, TFET exhibits weaker correlation between <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> than that in the conventional MOSFET counterpart. In the presence of WFV, the RTN amplitude can be enhanced or reduced depending on the type of the trap and the composition/orientation of metal-gate grain.
Current Mask Generation: A Transistor Level Security Against DPA Attacks (2005)

The physical implementation of cryptographic algorithms may leak to some attacker security information by the side channel data, as power consumption, timing, temperature or electromagnetic emanation. The differential power analysis (DPA) is a powerful side channel attack, based only on the power consumption information. There are some countermeasures proposed at algorithmic or architectural level that are expensive and/or complexes. This paper addresses the DPA attack problem by a novel and efficient transistor-level method based on a power consumption control, without any modification on the cryptographic algorithms, messages or keys
Structure of bleomycin-induced DNA double-strand breaks: predominance of blunt ends and single-base 5' extensions (1989)

In order to examine the structure of bleomycin-induced DNA double-strand breaks, defined-sequence DNA was labeled in each strand at a single restriction site and treated with bleomycin. Various double-stranded fragments resulting from bleomycin-induced double-strand breaks were isolated, denatured, and run on sequencing gels to determine the sites of cleavage in each strand. For virtually every double-strand break, the cleavage site in one strand was a pyrimidine in a G-Py sequence, reflecting a specificity similar to that of bleomycin-induced single-strand cleavage. However, the cleavage site in the complementary strand was seldom a G-Py sequence, and was usually a site where single-strand cleavage was infrequent. When the sequence at the double-strand break was G-Py-Py', the break at Py was usually accompanied by a break at the base directly opposite Py, resulting in blunt ends. When the sequence was G-Py-Pu, the break at Py was usually accompanied by a break at the base opposite Pu, resulting in single-base 5' extensions. Double-strand breaks with 3' extensions, such as would result from cleavage of two C residues in a self-complementary G-C sequence, were conspicuously absent. These data provide further evidence that bleomycin-induced double-strand breaks do not result from coincidence of independent site-specific single-strand breaks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Service Mesh (2018)

In Chapter 7 , “Integrating Microservices,” we discussed that microservices have to talk to each other and inter-service communication is one of the key challenges in realizing the microservices architecture. In the conventional Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), the centralized Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) facilitated most of the inter-service communication requirements and with the shift to the smart endpoints and dumb pipes, now the service developers have to take care of all the complexities of inter-service communication. Service Mesh has immerged as a pattern to overcome most of these challenges. It does this by providing a generic distributed layer that encapsulates the commodity features of inter-service communication.
Modelling and implementation of virtual radio resources management for 5G Cloud RAN (2017)

The virtualisation of Radio Access Networks (RANs) is one of the goals in designing 5G mobile networks. This paper aims at presenting a proof of concept for the virtualisation of radio resources using Open Air Interface (OAI), a software-based Long-Term Evolution (LTE) eNodeB physical emulator. OAI was extended to support multi-tenancy, representing diverse Virtual mobile Network Operators (VNOs) with different Service Level Agreements (SLAs). A comprehensive analytical model for managing the virtual radio resources has been proposed, with two key parts: estimation of available radio resources and their allocation to different VNOs. The estimation is performed by the model, and the allocation is managed by OAI scheduling. Various scenarios and use cases are studied in this virtual RAN environment, network performance being evaluated for different situations, by varying guaranteed levels, serving weights, and used services. Results show that the proposed approach offers almost the same capacity to guaranteed VNOs regardless of other existing VNOs, experiencing at worst a degradation of 32% of its initial allocated data rate, without violation of the guaranteed data rate. The data rate allocated to best effort VNOs may decrease up to 7% of its initial value, which is acceptable, to guarantee other more demanding SLAs.
Metal microneedle fabrication using twisted light with spin (2010)

Microneedle fabrication on a metal surface based on laser ablation using twisted light with spin was demonstrated, for the first time. The resulting needle showed a height of at least 10 microm above the target surface and a tip diameter of less than 0.3 microm. We also demonstrated the fabrication of a two-dimensional 5 x 6 microneedle array. The needles were uniformly well shaped with an average length and tip diameter of about 10 and 0.5 microm, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferroelectric WO<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles for Acetone Selective Detection. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sleeping Beauty and the Story of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccine (2016)

Mycobacterium bovis BCG is the only available vaccine for protection against tuberculosis (TB). While BCG protects children from severe disease, it has little impact on pulmonary disease in adults. A recombinant BCG vaccine BCG ΔureC::hly (strain VPM1002) is in advanced clinical trials and shows promise for improved vaccine safety but little change in efficacy in animal models. A second-generation recombinant BCG vaccine with an additional deletion of the nuoG gene (BCG ΔureC::hly ΔnuoG) shows improved efficacy in a mouse model compared to that of VPM1002. BCG was first used in humans in 1921 and, like Sleeping Beauty pricked by the spinning wheel, we have slept for 100 years, showing a reluctance to invest in clinical development or in biomanufacturing capacity for TB vaccines. The advance of recombinant BCGs should awaken us from our sleep and call us to invest in new-generation TB vaccines and to protect the biomanufacture of our current BCG vaccine.
Coexistence of Paradigms? Residential Segregation in Spain after Mass Migration (2000-2010) (2013)

During the first decade of the 21st Century Spain experienced one of the most remarkable episodes of international migration worldwide. Following the numerical increase and diversification of the inflows, the study of settlement of immigrants has become fundamental to assess whether and how different immigrant groups experience the patterns and processes of spatial concentration and dispersal. The aim of this work is threefold; first, it describes the spatial pattern of international migration to both the main metropolitan destinations and new settlement areas; second, it analyses the level and direction of residential segregation of immigrant groups across the smallest geographies for provinces and municipalities in Spain; third, it examines whether internal migration of immigrants reinforces residential segregation or, contrarily, disperse them towards de-segregation. Empirical evidence suggests the presence of different spatial patterns and processes, which justifies the idea of coexistence of paradigms (assimilation, pluralism and heterolocalism) over time and space.
Potato virus X, a filamentous plant viral nanoparticle for doxorubicin delivery in cancer therapy (2017)

Plant viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are a novel class of nanocarriers with implications for drug delivery in cancer therapy. VNPs are characterized by their highly symmetrical nanoscale structures. Furthermore, plant VNPs are biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-infectious in mammals. VNPs provide a proteinaceous platform technology that can be readily engineered to carry contrast agents and therapies using chemical and genetic modifications. Of particular interest are high aspect ratio, elongated filaments such as the ones formed by potato virus X (PVX, measuring 515 × 13 nm). PVX has demonstrated enhanced tumor homing and penetration properties compared to spherical counterparts. Here, we sought to investigate the potential of PVX as a drug carrier delivering doxorubicin (DOX), a commonly used cancer chemotherapy. We synthesized therapeutic PVX nanoparticles using a simple in-solution mixing protocol; after 5 days of mixing of DOX and PVX and ultra-centrifugal purification, ∼1000 DOX per PVX were stably associated with the carrier, most likely based on hydrophobic interaction. Efficacy and drug activity of PVX-DOX were confirmed using a panel of cancer cell lines including ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer. Lastly, we demonstrated treatment of athymic mice bearing human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts: PVX-DOX treatment resulted in reduced tumor growth in this model. Our results open the door for further development of PVX and other high aspect ratio plant VNPs for applications in cancer therapy.
New Prehistoric Investigations at Kom Ombo (Upper Egypt) (1966)

It has been stated that "the year 1923 when Vignard published his work on the Sebilian in Southern Upper Egypt marks the foundation of modern palaeolithic field-research in Egypt". This opinión can hardly be contested when it is considered against the background of erratic investigations into the earlier periods of Egyptian prehistory during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Vignard's findings and conclusions have often been criticized in the past forty years, sometimes severely but more usually with courteous reservations about certain of his interpretations of the data. Nevertheless his 1923 memoir on the Sebilian at Kom Ombo, and the long series of articles which he published in France after his premature departure from Egypt in 1924, still stand as important landmarks in the prehistory of a country where local interest in the Palaeolithic and Neolithic remains has always been limited and where foreign research has generally been sporadic and discontinuous.
A Trust-Based Framework for Fault-Tolerant Data Aggregation in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (2012)

For wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) deployed in noisy and unattended environments, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive framework that protects the accuracy of the gathered multimedia information. In this paper, we jointly consider data aggregation, information trust, and fault tolerance to enhance the correctness and trustworthiness of collected information. Based on the multilayer aggregation architecture of WMSNs, we design a trust-based framework for data aggregation with fault tolerance with a goal to reduce the impact of erroneous data and provide measurable trustworthiness for aggregated results. By extracting statistical characteristics from different sources and extending Josang's trust model, we propose how to compute self-data trust opinion, peer node trust opinion, and peer data trust opinion. According to the trust transfer and trust combination rules designed in our framework, we derive the trust opinion of the sink node on the final aggregated result. In particular, this framework can evaluate both discrete data and continuous media streams in WMSNs through a uniform mechanism. Results obtained from both simulation study and experiments on a real WMSN testbed demonstrate the validity and efficiency of our framework, which can significantly improve the quality of multimedia information as well as more precisely evaluate the trustworthiness of collected information.
On the Performance of Downlink Beamforming with Synchronized Beam Cycles (2009)

The next generation of wireless networks (e.g.,) will use multiple techniques to improve channel spectral efficiencies. In this paper we focus on one such technique, beamforming, in the downlink channel. In each sector, a number of fixed beams are used to serve UEs (User Equipment). For each frame, the scheduler chooses a beam and then schedules one or more UEs that lie within that beam. Since the power is focused on a narrow beam then the served UEs can achieve higher rates and the sector coverage is also increased. However, this beam causes more interference in adjacent sectors. If a neighboring sector schedules a UE that lies within the coverage of this beam then the rate for that UE will be low. The neighboring sectors must therefore schedule UEs outside of the beam or at least know of the interference that will be experienced. The first approach (interference avoidance) requires coordination among the sectors with the associated communication overheads and delays. In this paper we follow the second approach and assume no coordination among sectors except for the fact that they all use the same beam cycle period. Although all NBs use the same beam cycle period, they may occasionally change the specific beam schedule based on local factors such as the geographical distribution of UEs within its beams. Such changes should be made infrequently since the approach is based on the assumption that the interference experienced by a UE repeats with the beam cycle period.
A General Correlation Theorem. (2003)

In 2001, Nyberg proved three important correlation theorems and applied them to several cryptanalytic contexts. We continue the work of Nyberg in a more theoretical direction. We consider a general functional form and obtain its Walsh transform. Two of Nyberg&apos;s correlation theorems are seen to be special cases of our general functional form. S-box look-up, addition modulo 2 and X-OR are three frequently occuring operations in the design of symmetric ciphers. We consider two methods of combining these operations and in each apply our main result to obtain the Walsh transform.
Chitosan grafted methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) nanosuspension for ocular delivery of hydrophobic diclofenac (2015)

Abstract This study aimed to develop a cationic nanosuspension of chitosan (CS) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (MPEG-PCL) for ocular delivery of diclofenac (DIC). MPEG-PCL-CS block polymer was synthesized by covalent coupling of MPEG-PCL with CS. The critical micelle concentration of the MPEG-PCL-CS block polymer was 0.000692 g/L. DIC/MPEG-PCL-CS nanosuspension (mean particle size = 105 nm, zeta potential = 8 mV) was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The nanosuspension was very stable without apparent physical property changes after storage at 4 °C or 25 °C for 20 days, but it was unstable in the aqueous humor solution after 24 h incubation. Sustained release of the encapsulated DIC from the nanosuspension occurred over 8 h. Neither a blank MPEG-PCL-CS nanosuspension nor a 0.1% (mass fraction) DIC/MPEG-PCL-CS nanosuspension caused ocular irritation after 24 h of instillation. Enhanced penetration and retention in corneal tissue was achieved with a Nile red/MPEG-PCL-CS nanosuspension compared with a Nile red aqueous solution. In vivo pharmacokinetics studies showed enhanced pre-corneal retention and penetration of the DIC/MPEG-PCL-CS nanosuspension, which resulted in a higher concentration of DIC (C max ) in the aqueous humor and better bioavailability compared with commercial DIC eye drops ( P < 0.01).
220 GHz high spatial resolution detector with above‐chip mounted dielectric lens (2017)

A novel and low‐cost solution to improve the radiation patterns of the on‐chip patch antenna at 220 GHz is proposed. The radiation performances are enhanced by mounting the lens on the patch. The air cavity in the lens not only reduces the focal length, but also provides space for chip integration. The imaging chip and antenna are fabricated and an experimental platform is built. The responsivity and radiation patterns are measured. The 3 dB beamwidths of the with‐lens detector in the E and H planes are 8° and 7°, respectively. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results is obtained.
310. Solution and diffusion of gases in polystyrene at high pressures (1948)

D. M. Newitt and K. E. Weale, J. Chem. Soc., 1948, 1541 DOI: 10.1039/JR9480001541
Architecture of an Always Best Connected Vehicular Communication Gateway (2006)

MobilitY and CollAboRative Work in European Vehicle Emergency NeTworks (MYCAREVENT) is an European Project of the 6th Framework Program [1], and aims to optimize the European market for automotive after sales services and repair. MYCAREVENT develops innovative applications and services, which can always be accessed seamlessly and securely using mobile communication. Maintenance situations like car breakdowns or minor failures happen everywhere. Wherever such an unpleasant situation appears, the driver needs help and advice - most likely provided by a roadside patrol. To support roadside technicians and drivers with MYCAREVENT products and services, a mobile communication following an "always best connected" approach facilitates the communication between the mobile users within a collaborative work environment. This paper presents the vehicle communication gateway (VCG) and its protocol architecture developed in MYCAREVENT.