gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolution of high-speed operational amplifier architectures (1994)

Strengths and weaknesses of modern wide-bandwidth bipolar transistor operational amplifiers are investigated and compared with respect to bandwidth, slew rate, noise, distortion, and power. This paper traces the evolution of operational amplifier designs since vacuum tube days to give a perspective of the large number of circuit variations used over time. Of particular value is the ability to use many of these circuit design options as the basis of new amplifiers. In addition, an array of operational amplifier components fabricated on the AT&T CBIC V2 process is described. This design incorporates many of the architectural techniques that have evolved over the years to produce four separate operational amplifier on a single base wafer. The process design methodology requires identifying the common elements in each architecture and the minimum number of additional components required to implement four unique architectures on the array.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phylogenetic affiliation of the pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA sequence. (2000)

The broad and vague phenotypic definition allowed the genus Pseudomonas to become a dumping ground for incompletely characterized polarly flagellated, gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacteria, and a large number of species have been accommodated in the genus Pseudomonas. The 16S rRNA sequences of 128 valid and invalid Pseudomonas species, which included almost valid species of the genus Pseudomonas listed in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, were obtained: sequences of 59 species were determined and those of 69 species were obtained from the GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ databases. These sequences were compared with the sequences of other species of the Proteobacteria. Fifty-seven valid or invalid species including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (type species of the genus Pseudomonas Migula 1894) belonged to the genus Pseudomonas (sensu stricto). Seven subclusters were formed in the cluster of the genus Pseudomonas (sensu stricto), and the resulting clusters conformed well to the rRNA-DNA hybridization study by Palleroni (1984). The other species did not belong to the genus Pseudomonas (sensu stricto) and were related to other genera, which were placed in four subclasses of the Proteobacteria (alpha, beta, gamma and gamma-beta subclasses). Twenty-six examined species, which were not included in the cluster of the Pseudomonas (sensu stricto) and have not been transferred to other genera as yet, are listed alphabetically: 'Pseudomonas abikonensis', Pseudomonas antimicrobica, Pseudomonas beijerinckii, Pseudomonas beteli, Pseudomonas boreopolis, 'Pseudomonas butanovora', Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas cissicola, Pseudomonas doudoroffii, Pseudomonas echinoides, Pseudomonas elongata, Pseudomonas flectens, Pseudomonas geniculata, Pseudomonas halophila, Pseudomonas hibiscicola, Pseudomonas huttiensis, Pseudomonas iners, Pseudomonas lanceolata, Pseudomonas lemoignei, Pseudomonas mephitica, Pseudomonas pictorum, Pseudomonas saccharophila, Pseudomonas spinosa, Pseudomonas stanier, Pseudomonas syzygii and Pseudomonas woodsii. The phylogenetic affiliations of these 26 pseudomonads species are shown.
Dysplastic nodules frequently develop into hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis (2005)

HGDN should be considered a precancerous lesion when it appears during follow-up of chronic viral hepatitis or cirrhosis. Reduced portal blood flow in the nodule on computed tomography-AP is also an important predictor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
SMYD5 regulates H4K20me3-marked heterochromatin to safeguard ES cell self-renewal and prevent spurious differentiation (2017)

Altogether, these findings implicate a role for SMYD5 in regulating ES cell self-renewal and H4K20me3-marked heterochromatin.
Sampled data analog signal processor (2002)

A CMOS integrated circuit implementation of a sampled data analog signal processor which incorporates four-quadrant analog multipliers as a key component is presented. The four-quadrant multiplier facilitates signed analog inputs for both data and transfer function coefficients and thereby provides the same flexibility as digital processors for programmable and adaptive applications. Unique architectural features include a parallel configuration for the sample-and-hold circuit and a capacitor summing circuit. The processor was fabricated in a 2-micron double-poly, double-metal process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A comparative intelligibility study of single-microphone noise reduction algorithms (2007)

The evaluation of intelligibility of noise reduction algorithms is reported. IEEE sentences and consonants were corrupted by four types of noise including babble, car, street and train at two signal-to-noise ratio levels (0 and 5 dB), and then processed by eight speech enhancement methods encompassing four classes of algorithms: spectral subtractive, sub-space, statistical model based and Wiener-type algorithms. The enhanced speech was presented to normal-hearing listeners for identification. With the exception of a single noise condition, no algorithm produced significant improvements in speech intelligibility. Information transmission analysis of the consonant confusion matrices indicated that no algorithm improved significantly the place feature score, significantly, which is critically important for speech recognition. The algorithms which were found in previous studies to perform the best in terms of overall quality, were not the same algorithms that performed the best in terms of speech intelligibility. The subspace algorithm, for instance, was previously found to perform the worst in terms of overall quality, but performed well in the present study in terms of preserving speech intelligibility. Overall, the analysis of consonant confusion matrices suggests that in order for noise reduction algorithms to improve speech intelligibility, they need to improve the place and manner feature scores.
The Use of Frequency-Orthogonal Pseudonoise (FOPN) Sounding Signals for Identifying Transmissions From Different Transmit Antennas (2009)

A method is described for identifying simultaneous signals from different transmit antennas in multiantenna sounders. Multiple-orthogonal signals are produced from one pseudonoise code by using it to modulate RF carriers at precalculated offset frequencies. Although their frequency spectra are interleaved and they occupy the same band, the spectral lines from different transmitters are separable after Fourier transformation at the receiver output. Since there is a one-to-one relationship between the length of the signal required for Fourier analysis and the number of orthogonal sounding signals, any arbitrary number of such signals can be generated, but Doppler spreads limit the number that can be employed with acceptable isolation among them.
Insulin-stimulated cardiac glucose uptake is impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats (2000)

Our data indicate that the heart of SHR shows an overactivity of the proximal steps of insulin signalling which cannot be further increased by the exposure to the hormone. This abnormality may account for the marked increase of basal cardiac glucose uptake and the loss of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake observed in SHR.
Multiband MIMO Antenna for GSM, DCS, and LTE Indoor Applications (2016)

A novel and compact planar multiband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented. The proposed antenna is composed of two symmetrical radiating elements connected by neutralizing line to cancel the reactive coupling. The radiating element is designed for different frequencies operating in GSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz, LTE-E 2300 MHz, and LTE-D 2600 MHz, which consists of a folded monopole and a beveled rectangular metal patch. The presented antenna is fed by using 50-Ω coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines. Four slits are etched into the ground plane for reducing the mutual coupling. The measured results show that the proposed antenna has good impedance matching, isolation, peak gain, and radiation patterns. The radiation efficiency and diversity gain (DG) in the servicing frequencies are pretty well. In the Ericsson indoor experiment, three kinds of antenna feed systems are discussed. The proposed antenna shows good performance in Long Term Evolution (LTE) reference signal receiving power (RSRP), download speed, and upload speed.
Melanoma cells resistant to inhibition of growth by melanocyte stimulating hormone. (1975)

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) enhances melanization but inhibits proliferation of Cloudman S91 melanoma cells in culture. We have isolated variants of these cells that can grow in the presence of MSH. The conclusions we have reached from analyses of these cells are the following: (1) Basal tyrosinase activity (monophenol monooxygenase; monophenol, dihydroxyphenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1), i.e., the activity that is present in the absence of added MSH, is related through a common biochemical pathway to MSH-mediated control of growth. (2) MSH-inducible tyrosinase activity does not appear to be related to MSH control of growth. (3) The morphological changes that occur following the addition of MSH or cAMP are related to controls of growth and not to those of melanization.
β-Substituted Cyclohexanecarboxamide:  A Nonpeptidic Framework for the Design of Potent Inhibitors of Cathepsin K (2006)

A new series of nonpeptidic cathepsin K inhibitors that are based on a beta-substituted cyclohexanecarboxamide motif has been developed. Lead optimization yielded compounds with sub-nanomolar potency and exceptional selectivity profiles against cathepsins B, L, and S. Use of fluorine atoms to block metabolism on the cyclohexyl ring led to compounds with excellent pharmacokinetic properties. Considering the well-established role of cathepsin K in osteoclast-mediated bone turnover, compounds such as (-)-34a (hrab Cat K IC(50) 0.28 nM; >800-fold selectivity vs Cat B, L, and S; PK data in dogs: F 55%, t(1/2) = 15 h) exhibit great potential for development as an orally bioavailable therapeutic for treatment of diseases that involve bone loss.
Dynamics of Contact Line Pinning in Capillary Rise and Fall (1998)

The dynamics of water columns rising and falling in vertical glass capillaries are studied near the pinning threshold. In tubes with rough interior walls, the column height $h$ as a function of time $t$ exhibits stick-slip behavior. In tubes with smooth walls, falling experiments show no pinning effects, but rising experiments exhibit critical behavior with nonunique exponents. We argue that this is due to the fact that fluid has to be transported in a microscopic wetting film which does not have a stationary structure. Similar restrictions can affect avalanche dynamics in other systems.
Eutectic liquid in Sol-Gel process for superhydrophobic silica thin films &#x2014; antistiction of MEMS devices (2007)

The creation of superhydrophobic surfaces that mimick lotus leaves is a relatively new research field that has attracted considerable attention. It shows promising applications in self-cleaning, microfluidics, bio-antifouling, and anticorrosion etc. Generally two requirements must be satisfied in order to achieve superhydrophobicity. First, the surface must be hydrophobic with a contact angle greater than 90°. Second, the surface needs to have a two-tiered roughness; that is, it has to display both micro and nano structures. Such surface roughness converts the hydrophobic surface to a superhydrophobic surface. Based on the theory of superhydrophobicity for low surface energy coatings, we describe the preparation of a superhydrophobic antistiction silica coating for MEMS devices. The process uses a novel sol-gel process approach with a eutectic liquid as a templating agent. The eutectic liquid displays negligible vapor pressure and very low melting point (12°C at ambient conditions) to reduce solvent loss during the high speed spincoating process. After a fluoroalkyl silane treatment, superhydrophobicity is achieved on the as-prepared silica thin film. The solvent can be extracted after the gelation and aging processes. Spin speed effect, eutectic liquid:TEOS ratio in the solution were systematically studied in order to optimize the surface roughness to ensure excellent super-hydrophobicity[l]. Comparison of the silica thin films with silicon pillar surfaces showed that superhydrophobicity for the traditional sol-gel derived silica films demonstrated significant improvement, especially under humid conditions. Mechanisms for the reduction of capillary force were discussed. The AFM force curve obtained with a tipless probe showed that the interaction force is greatly reduced on a rough silica superhydrophobic surface. This result offers great potential to reduce stiction failures in MEMS devices.[1].
[Treatment of arterial hypertension by plasmapheresis]. (1983)

Plasmapheresis may induce transient hypotension in some patients. It may also be beneficial to patients presenting Raynaud's phenomenon where its effect may be explained by an improvement in the microcirculation due to decreased blood viscosity. Intrarenal microcirculation may be altered in patients who have impaired renal function, high plasma renin activity values and hypertension. Two such patients have been treated by plasmapheresis after unsuccessful multiple drug treatment. Blood pressure decreased to normal values after 2 or 3 plasmaphereses and drug treatment could be reduced. Twelve months after this treatment the blood pressure was still normal. Renal function was improved in one patient and unchanged in the other. Plasma renin activity, which was high before plasmapheresis, decreased dramatically but was not within normal limits after 8 exchanges. These two observations are preliminary but they render certain hypotheses possible. The decrease in plasma renin activity and improvement in renal function may be due to improved microcirculation. When blood pressure is not controlled by multiple drug antihypertensive treatment, plasmapheresis may be considered as an alternative therapeutic procedure.
Adaptive Array Systems: Fundamentals and Applications (2005)

Adaptive Array Sensors: Fundamentals and Applications provides a fundamental and basic introduction to the broad aspects of array processing within a general framework. Authors Mohammad Ghavami and Ben Allen explain smart antennas, narrowband, wideband, multi-band beamforming, and a new method employing a rectangular array. Provides a comprehensive introduction to the entire field of adaptive array sensors. Presents smart antennas, narrowband, wideband and multi-band beamforming and a new method employing a rectangular array is explained. Discusses how adaptive arrays are a key technique for maximizing the capacity of wireless multimedia. CDMA networks and transmission beamforming is also discussed along with some of the associated practical constraints. Discusses numerous applications, such as spatial channel modelling and equalization, source separation, space-time coding and processing for communications, radar and sonar array processing, and highlights their operational benefits. Features chapter summaries and problems at the end of each chapter to aid understanding.
Design and demonstration of polarization-insensitive Mach-Zehnder switch using a lattice-matched InGaAlAs/InAlAs MQW and deep-etched high-mesa waveguide structure (1999)

The authors have designed and demonstrated a 2/spl times/2 Mach-Zehnder switch in view of polarization independence as well as low propagation loss (/spl alpha/) and absorption change (/spl Delta//spl alpha/). To obtain polarization-insensitive refractive index change (/spl Delta/n), a lattice-matched InGaAlAs-InAlAs multiple quantum-well (MQW) with a large detuning wavelength was used. Moreover, to reduce the insertion loss difference between polarizations, we applied a multimode-interferometer 3-dB coupler and a deep-etched high-mesa waveguide structure. This switch, therefore, can provide polarization-independent operation about both driving voltage and insertion loss, which is indispensable to practical optical switching applications. We also paid attention to /spl Delta//spl alpha/ suppression when we decided the value of wavelength detuning and the length of the phase shift region. We also investigated the wavelength dependence of the switch. Within 1530-1560 nm, which is the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) gain band, polarization independence in the driving voltage and the crosstalk was maintained. This result shows that the switch is also applicable in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) applications.
Differential pituitary and gonadal function of Chinese Meishan and European white composite boars: effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation, castration, and steroidal feedback (1996)

Considerable breed differences exist in concentrations of gonadotropins between Chinese Meishan boars and meat-type crossbred boars of European origin. To define mechanisms that might be responsible, sensitivity to GnRH stimulation, hormonal clearance, and gonadal pituitary feedback effects were monitored in two experiments. In the first trial, jugular catheters were placed into mature Meishan (n = 7) and white composite boars (n = 8). Boars were repetitively sampled after administration of two doses of GnRH (150 and 1500 ng/kg BW) a week apart. Before administration of GnRH, FSH was greater in Meishan boars (554 +/- 50 vs. 102 +/- 8 ng/ml, p < 0.01). Both breeds responded with increases in FSH, LH, and testosterone; but concentrations of gonadotropins in Meishan boars were increased for a greater duration than in white composite boars. By 160 min after GnRH administration, gonadotropins were declining in white composite boars. Maximal plasma concentrations of FSH after GnRH stimulation were greater with the higher GnRH dosage than with the lower (1058 +/- 113 vs. 730 +/- 70 in Meishan and 184 +/- 40 vs. 141 +/- 14 ng/ml in white composite boars). In the second trial, boars were assigned to three groups related to their circulating FSH concentrations: European white composite boars (FSH = 100 ng/ml), Meishan boars with low FSH (FSH = < 500 ng/ml), and Meishan boars with high FSH (FSH > 750 ng/ml; n = 5 per breed group). Boars were cannulated and repetitively sampled during three protocols: 1) low GnRH stimulation (15 ng/kg BW), 2) pre- and postcastration, and 3) steroidal treatment (0.5 mg testosterone propionate and 20 micrograms estradiol cypionate/kg BW; then 24 days later, a 20-strength low-dosage steroid treatment). At the low GnRH stimulation, LH and testosterone concentrations were increased but FSH concentrations were not altered. Rate of increase of FSH and decline of testosterone concentrations were not different between the three treatment groups after castration. Castration levels of FSH were maintained and further increased with time. Rates of reduction in FSH concentration after gonadal steroidal stimulation were not different between breed groups, but Meishan boars escaped the exogenous steroid suppression earlier than white composite boars (p < 0.01). Differences in concentrations of gonadotropins in Meishan and white composite boars of European origin seem to be at the pituitary level of control and not related to gonadal factors.
Coordinating ability of anions and solvents towards transition metals and lanthanides (2011)

A scale that attempts to quantify the weakly coordinating character of a variety of solvents and anions is presented. For each group (solvent or anion), a coordinating ability index has been calculated, based on the probability of it being coordinated in the presence of a transition metal atom, compared to the probability of finding it as a solvation molecule or as non-coordinating counterion in a crystal structure. The corresponding index is also defined for the same groups in the presence of lanthanides, and the similarities and differences are discussed.
Development of the IHMC Mobility Assist Exoskeleton (2009)

The IHMC Mobility Assist Exoskeleton is a robotic suit that a user can wear for strength augmentation or gait generation. This first generation exoskeleton prototype focuses on providing walking assistance to persons with lower extremity paralysis. The main goal is to successfully enable a person that cannot walk without assistance to walk in a straight line a distance of 15 feet. When in disable assist mode this prototype will rely on the user to provide balance control, and thus an external means for balancing will be required, such as crutches or a walker. Power and control is off board and supplied to the Exoskeleton by means of a tether. Rotary Series Elastic Actuators (RSEAs), which have high force fidelity and low impedance were designed to power the joints. This paper describes the design, test results, future work and potential applications of the exoskeleton.
Specific, temporally regulated expression of the insulin-like growth factor II gene during muscle cell differentiation (1993)

We have compared the expression of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) messenger RNA (mRNA) to the expression of other mRNAs encoding proteins known to play pivotal roles during the differentiation of continuously cultured, fusing muscle cell lines. These cell lines respond to changes in culture conditions by undergoing a well characterized alteration in gene expression which leads to a change in their phenotype from dividing, mononucleate myoblasts to fused, multinucleate myotubes. The hallmarks of this differentiation program include the induction of myogenic regulatory genes as well as the genes that encode the contractile proteins. We have found that the differentiation of these cells leads to the production of multiple IGF-II transcripts. In one of the cell lines studied, C2C12, IGF-II mRNA levels were rapidly induced during differentiation. Increases in IGF-II mRNA levels preceded the expression of the contractile protein genes but occurred only after the activation of the myogenic regulatory gene myogenin. The same regulated pattern of IGF-II mRNA expression was seen in both rapidly and slowly fusing subclones of this cell line, indicating a requirement for IGF-II at a specific point during muscle differentiation. These results suggest that IGF-II plays an important role during the terminal differentiation of skeletal muscle cells and are consistent with the existence of an autocrine loop through which IGF-II may act to regulate the differentiation process.