gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SHIELD: Social sensing and Help In Emergency using mobiLe Devices (2010)

School and College campuses face a perceived threat of violent crimes and require a realistic plan against unpredictable emergencies and disasters. Existing emergency systems (e.g., 911, campus-wide alerts) are quite useful, but provide delayed response (often tens of minutes) and do not utilize proximity or locality. There is a need to exploit proximity-based help for immediate response and to deter any crime. In this paper, we propose SHIELD, an on-campus emergency rescue and alert management service. It is a fully distributed infrastructureless platform based on proximity-enabled trust and cooperation. It relies on nearby localized responses sent using Bluetooth and/or WiFi to achieve minimal response time and maximal availability thereby augmenting the traditional notion of centralized emergency services. Analysis of campus crime statistics and WLAN traces surprisingly show a strong positive correlation (over 55%) between on-campus crime statistics and spatiotemporal density distribution of on-campus mobile users. This result is promising to develop a platform based on mutual trust and cooperation. Finally, we also show a prototype application to be used in such scenarios.
Two novel techniques for the evaluation of barrier creams (1989)

There are few methods for assessment of the efficacy of barrier cream preparations that can be used in vivo. This paper describes two such tests. The first relies on the ability of a topically applied barrier preparation to prevent dyes from reaching the stratum corneum from filter paper discs in small aluminium chambers. The amount of dye crossing the barrier cream and reaching the stratum corneum was assessed by removing the superficial layers by skin surface biopsy and eluting out the dye. The second test employed dilutions of sodium hydroxide as indicator reagents. The degree to which these solutions penetrated the barrier on the skin was assessed by measuring the skin blood-flow using the laser Doppler method. It was concluded that both methods could be usefully employed to assess the degree of efficacy of barrier cream preparations.
Alumina nanotemplate fabrication on silicon substrate (2004)

Alumina nanotemplates integrated on silicon substrate with pore diameters of 12?100?nm were prepared by galvanostatic (constant current) anodization. High current density (e.g.?100?mA?cm?2) promoted a highly ordered hexagonal pore structure with fast formation rate independent of anodizing solution. Alumina formation rates of 2000 and 1000?nm?min?1 were achieved at current densities of 100 and 50?mA?cm?2, respectively. These rates were approximately two orders of magnitude greater than other reports in the literature. Different electrolytes of sulfuric acid (1.8?7.2?M), oxalic acid (0.3?M) and mixed solutions of sulfuric and oxalic acids were evaluated as anodizing solutions. At fixed current density, sulfuric acid promoted smaller pore diameter with lower porosity than mixed acids and oxalic acid. The I?V characteristics of aluminium anodization show the measured voltages at given current densities strongly depend on solution composition, operating temperature, and bath agitation. The pore diameter of the silicon-integrated alumina nanotemplate varied linearly with measured voltage with a slope of 2.1?nm?V?1, which is slightly smaller than reported data.
Genomic aberrations after short-term exposure to colibactin-producing E. coli transform primary colon epithelial cells (2021)

Genotoxic colibactin-producing pks+ Escherichia coli induce DNA double-strand breaks, mutations, and promote tumor development in mouse models of colorectal cancer (CRC). Colibactin's distinct mutational signature is reflected in human CRC, suggesting a causal link. Here, we investigate its transformation potential using organoids from primary murine colon epithelial cells. Organoids recovered from short-term infection with pks+ E. coli show characteristics of CRC cells, e.g., enhanced proliferation, Wnt-independence, and impaired differentiation. Sequence analysis of Wnt-independent organoids reveals an enhanced mutational burden, including chromosomal aberrations typical of genomic instability. Although we do not find classic Wnt-signaling mutations, we identify several mutations in genes related to p53-signaling, including miR-34a. Knockout of Trp53 or miR-34 in organoids results in Wnt-independence, corroborating a functional interplay between the p53 and Wnt pathways. We propose larger chromosomal alterations and aneuploidy as the basis of transformation in these organoids, consistent with the early appearance of chromosomal instability in CRC.
Sensing by Satellite (1988)

Commercially available data collected by U.S. and French satellites re helping civil engineers take a closer look at our planet. Also available are PC-based image processing systems that provide relatively powerful analysis capabilities at reasonable costs. To use these resources in a cost effective way, the engineer needs a basic understanding of the operating principles of the satellite sensors as well as the types of terrain features that are readily mapped from space imagery. Capabilities of available hardware and software are noted. The technology is still so new that much of the work can be called experimental, but civil engineering applications range from land use surveys for urban planning and flood control, to monitoring turbidity at dredge spoil sites.
A Model Predictive Approach to Emergency Maneuvers in Critical Traffic Situations (2015)

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) that support drivers during emergency maneuvers have been considered in research and development projects before. It is commonplace that the two problems trajectory planning and vehicle control are solved in two different steps. The paper at hand proposes a real time capable method that solves the planning and control problem in one step. This is achieved by using a scheme similar to model predictive control combined with an environmental model to avoid the necessity of a precalculated reference signal, i.e. a trajectory. The real time capability is achieved by a rough discretization of the inputs, which yields the possibility to predict the plant's state trajectory for all possible combinations of discretized input values. Compared to an iterative minimization the computational burden is lower and can be determined deterministically. This contribution contains collision avoidance maneuvers in different traffic situations evaluated in simulation and a fixed base driving simulator.
Access to Barrier Perches Improves Behavior Repertoire in Broilers (2012)

Restriction of behavioral opportunities and uneven use of space are considerable welfare concerns in modern broiler production, particularly when birds are kept at high densities. We hypothesized that increased environmental complexity by provision of barrier perches would help address these issues by encouraging perching and enhancing use of the pen space across a range of stocking densities. 2,088 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of the following barrier and density treatment combinations over four replications: simple barrier, complex barrier, or control (no barrier) and low (8 birds/m(2)), moderate (13 birds/m(2)), or high (18 birds/m(2)) density. Data were collected on focal birds via instantaneous scan sampling from 2 to 6 weeks of age. Mean estimates per pen for percent of observations seen performing each behavior, as well as percent of observations in the pen periphery vs. center, were quantified and submitted to an analysis of variance with week as the repeated measure. Barrier perches, density and age affected the behavioral time budget of broilers. Both simple and complex barrier perches effectively stimulated high perching rates. Aggression and disturbances were lower in both barrier treatments compared to controls (P<0.05). Increasing density to 18 birds/m(2) compared to the lower densities suppressed activity levels, with lower foraging (P<0.005), decreased perching (P<0.0001) and increased sitting (P = 0.001) earlier in the rearing period. Disturbances also increased at higher densities (P<0.05). Use of the central pen area was higher in simple barrier pens compared to controls (P<0.001), while increasing density above 8 birds/m(2) suppressed use of the central space (P<0.05). This work confirms some negative effects of increasing density and suggests that barrier perches have the potential to improve broiler welfare by encouraging activity (notably by providing accessible opportunities to perch), decreasing aggression and disturbances, and promoting more even distribution of birds throughout the pen space.
Development of a Resonance Igniter for GO/Kerosene Ignition (2001)

A resonance ignition system is attractive for rocket engines because of the igniter’ s simplicity and the possibility of multiple ignitions without additional mechanical complexities. In this work a resonance igniter to produce a torchfromburning ofgaseousoxygenandliquidkerosenewasdesignedandtested.Theoxygen isheatedfor0, 1sin the acoustic resonator cavity, and the ignition occurs instantaneously on kerosene injection. The preliminary tests under ambient conditions demonstrated the igniter’ s ability to ignite GO 2/kerosene mixtures over a wide range of pressures and mass e ow rates. This opens new possibilities to create a compact and reliable ignition system for restarting rocket engines. Nomenclature P m f; P mo = mass e ow rate of kerosene and oxygen, respectively, kg/s O=F = P mo= P m f , mixture ratio pc = chamber pressure, bar p f; po = inlet pressure of kerosene and oxygen, respectively, bar TB = temperature of the igniter body, K TR = temperature of the outer surface of resonator, K TT = temperature of the torch, K t = time, s t f = moment when the fuel valve is turned on, s tig = moment of ignition, s to = moment when the oxygen valve is turned on, s toff = moment when the fuel valve is turned off, s 1tig = time delay of ignition, s 1to = igniter preparation interval, s 1top = igniter operation interval, s
Digital Holographic Microscopy for Non-Invasive Monitoring of Cell Cycle Arrest in L929 Cells (2014)

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) has emerged as a powerful non-invasive tool for cell analysis. It has the capacity to analyse multiple parameters simultaneously, such as cell- number, confluence and phase volume. This is done while cells are still adhered and growing in their culture flask. The aim of this study was to investigate whether DHM was able to monitor drug-induced cell cycle arrest in cultured cells and thus provide a non-disruptive alternative to flow cytometry. DHM parameters from G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrested L929 mouse fibroblast cells were collected. Cell cycle arrest was verified with flow cytometry. This study shows that DHM is able to monitor phase volume changes corresponding to either a G1 or G2/M cell cycle arrest. G1-phase arrest with staurosporine correlated with a decrease in the average cell phase volume and G2/M-phase arrest with colcemid and etoposide correlated with an increase in the average cell phase volume. Importantly, DHM analysis of average cell phase volume was of comparable accuracy to flow cytometric measurement of cell cycle phase distribution as recorded following dose-dependent treatment with etoposide. Average cell phase volume changes in response to treatment with cell cycle arresting compounds could therefore be used as a DHM marker for monitoring cell cycle arrest in cultured mammalian cells.
<title>Underwater Viewing</title> (1968)

The laser illumination techniques described permit spatial discrimination. That is, they allow the isolation and viewing of small volumes of space, while ignoring the scattering or the light which orginates elsewhere in the line of sight. These techniques allow an improvement in signal to noise illumination ratio in a wide variety of applications. The Atomic Wea-pons Research Establishment's original interest in this field was to enhance the discrimination against the self light of luminous shocks front beyond that given by narrow band illumination and viewing. However there are many diverse applications of spatial discrimination and there are other ways of obtaining spatial isolation. Some of these concepts are illustrated here by reference to the problem of seeing underwater where their help could bring economic benefits.
Selective inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi GAPDH by “bi-substrate” analogues (2005)

A new series of "bi-substrate" analogues have been synthesized as potential inhibitors of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and one lead compound has been identified that inhibits the enzyme from Trypanosoma cruzi with good affinity and very high (50-fold) specificity.
The Role of Myth in Creative Advertising Design: Theory, Process and Outcome (2001)

Abstract Abstract In an empirical study using five real-world creative teams from an advertising agency, participants were given a strategic brief for a new beverage product and asked to design the layout for a print ad. Think-aloud concurrent protocols obtained from each team's copywriter, art director, and the two working together were analyzed to examine the creative process and its relationship to the created advertisement. Interpretive analyses of the protocols reveal that the teams access culturally available plot patterns but in different ways. In this study and with the particular materials and situational context explored here, four of the five teams chose to pursue a single mythic structure to the apparent detriment of their final product. Only one team engaged in fully diversified idea generation involving a wide range of alternative scenarios. Not coincidentally, as a tentative conclusion, this more flexible team produced the ad judged most successful by advertising professionals. This still-to-be-tested exploratory finding deserves further investigation in future research that embodies various methodological refinements.
In Vivo Screening Identifies a Highly Folded β‐Hairpin Peptide with a Structured Extension (2007)

Like finding a hairpin in the haystack. We have used an in vivo FRET-based screening method to identify highly folded β-hairpin peptides in large libraries. An NMR structure reveals that a cross-strand cation–π interaction helps stabilize the most highly folded β-hairpin.
New Modulation Techniques for a Leakage Current Reduction and a Neutral-Point Voltage Balance in Transformerless Photovoltaic Systems Using a Three-Level Inverter (2013)

Transformerless topologies of many topologies are widely used in photovoltaic (PV) systems because these topologies have many advantages in terms of the weight, size, and efficiency. A three-level inverter has an outstanding performance and is advantageous in the switching device selection than a two-level inverter. In the transformerless PV systems using the three-level inverter, the PV systems should suffer from the leakage current and generate the neutral-point voltage unbalance. To solve two problems, this paper proposes modulation techniques to reduce the leakage current and balance the dc-link voltages. The cause of the leakage current in the three-level inverter is analyzed. The proposed technique LMZVM using the large, medium, and zero vectors reduces the common mode voltage that causes the leakage current than that of the conventional PWM. Moreover, the proposed technique LMSVM using the large, medium, and small vectors balances the dc-link voltages with reduced CMV as the same in LMZVM. The effectiveness of the proposed techniques is verified by comparing its results with those of the convectional PWM. The results are obtained through simulations and experiments.
Optimizing Checking-Logic for Reliability-Agnostic Control of Self-Calibrating Designs (2007)

Self-calibrating designs have recently gained momentum as an alternative to methods relying on worst-case characterisation of silicon (Das et al., 2006), (Kim et al., 2005), (Worm et al., 2005), So far, reliable operation of existing link checkers - double sampling flip-flops or code-based - is not ensured over the whole range of bit error rate. Therefore, bit error rates where the checker reliability is poor are avoided either by worst-case characterisation of the link error rate (such as for double sampling flip-flops), or by constraining the operating point controller to avoid such regions (such as for code-based checkers). This paper proposes a novel checker architecture that bridges the gap between low overhead and high robustness over the whole error rate range. Specifically, the paper shows how to combine optimally double sampling flip-flops with a code-based checker (in point of reliability). The resulting checker enables simple, efficient, and reliability-agnostic operating point control policies
Molecular modelling of protein adsorption on the surface of titanium dioxide polymorphs (2012)

This paper reports a molecular modelling study of the adsorption of protein subdomains with unlike secondary structures on different surfaces of ceramic titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), forming a passivating film on titanium biomaterials that provides the interface between the bulk metal and the physiological environment, affecting its biocompatibility and performance. Using molecular dynamics methods, we study the effect of the nanoscale structure of the common TiO(2) polymorphs (rutile, anatase and brookite) on the adsorption of an albumin subdomain and on two connected fibronectin modules, respectively containing α-helices and β-sheets. We find that the larger protein subdomain shows a stronger adsorption, as expected because of its size, but also that the three surfaces behave differently. In particular, brookite shows the weakest adsorption, whereas anatase leads to the strongest intrinsic adsorption, in particular for the fibronectin modules. Moreover, the simulations indicate a significant conformational change of the adsorbed protein subdomains with extensive surface nanopatterning. These results show that classical molecular dynamics methods can provide useful information about the influence of nanostructure and topology on protein physisorption at a fixed surface chemistry.
<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>-Based Antibiotic Resistance Gene-Free Antigen Delivery System Applicable to Other Bacterial Vectors and DNA Vaccines (2004)

Plasmids represent a powerful tool to rapidly introduce genes into bacteria and help them reach high expression levels. In vaccine development, with live vaccine vectors, this allows greater flexibility and the ability to induce larger antigen amounts through multiple gene copies. However, plasmid retention often requires antibiotic resistance markers, the presence of which has been discouraged in clinical applications by the Food and Drug Administration. Therefore, we developed a Listeria monocytogenes-Escherichia coli shuttle plasmid that is retained by complementation of D-alanine racemase-deficient mutant strains both in vitro and in vivo. Our technology potentially allows the production of antibiotic resistance marker-free DNA vaccines as well as bacterial vaccine vectors devoid of engineered antibiotic resistances. As a proof of concept, we applied the D-alanine racemase complementation system to our Listeria cancer vaccine platform. With a transplantable tumor model, we compared the efficacy of the new Listeria vector to that of an established vector containing a conventional plasmid carrying a tumor-specific antigen. Both vaccine vector systems resulted in long-term regression of established tumors, with no significant difference between them. Thus, the Listeria vaccine vector presented here potentially complies with Food and Drug Administration regulations and could be developed further for clinical use.
Adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with T2N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer. (2015)

7520 Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) improves overall survival (OS) in patients with completely resected stage II and III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its role in patients with stage IB disease remains unclear. We therefore evaluated the role of adjuvant CT in patients with completely resected T2N0M0 NSCLC. Methods: Patients with pathologic stage T2N0M0 NSCLC who underwent complete (R0) resection from 2003 to 2010 were identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Patients were grouped based on tumor size: 3-3.9 cm, 4-4.9 cm, 5-5.9 cm and 6-7 cm. Survival curves according to the CT status were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and compared by log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate whether adjuvant CT was an independent predictor for survival for each tumor size groups. Results: Among the 29,908 patients meeting inclusion criteria, there were 5,209 (17.4%) and 24,699 (82.6%) patients in the CT and observation groups respectively. Patients treated with CT were younger (median age 65 vs 71 years, p < 0.001), had smaller median tumor sizes (3.7 vs 4.1 cm, p < 0.001), and a lower incidence of sub-lobar resection (5.6% vs 8.2%, p < 0.001). Adjuvant CT improved median OS compared to observation for all tumor size groups in both univariate (UVA) and multivariate (MVA) analyses (Table). Conclusions: Adjuvant CT was associated with improved OS in all tumor size groups for patients with completely resected T2N0M0 NSCLC. Despite the biases inherent in a database study, the benefit from adjuvant CT in patients with tumors < 4 cm suggests a possible role in this patient population and the need for revisiting its current status as an exclusion criteria for adjuvant trials. Adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation. Median OS (months) 5 year OS UVA-HR(95% CI) MVA-HR(95% CI) All patients 95.6 vs 67.0 67.9 vs 54.6% 0.64 (0.61-0.68) 0.70 (0.66-0.74) 3-3.9cm NR vs 71.3 70.5 vs 57.9% 0.66 (0.61-0.73) 0.75 (0.68-0.85) 4-4.9cm 90.7 vs 64.7 66.5 vs 52.7% 0.61 (0.55-0.68) 0.70 (0.63-0.77) 5-5.9cm 87.9 vs 58.8 65.9 vs 49.3% 0.60 (0.53-0.69) 0.68 (0.60-0.78) 6-7cm 86.9 vs 54.6 65.3 vs 46.8% 0.55 (0.47-0.64) 0.62 (0.53-0.72)
Long-Term Sustainability of a High-Energy, Low-Diversity Crustal Biome (2006)

Geochemical, microbiological, and molecular analyses of alkaline saline groundwater at 2.8 kilometers depth in Archaean metabasalt revealed a microbial biome dominated by a single phylotype affiliated with thermophilic sulfate reducers belonging to Firmicutes. These sulfate reducers were sustained by geologically produced sulfate and hydrogen at concentrations sufficient to maintain activities for millions of years with no apparent reliance on photosynthetically derived substrates.
Fluorescent photochemical surface labeling of intact human erythrocytes (1979)

A photolabile nitrene precursor, 3-azido-(2,7)-naphthalene disulfonate (ANDS), has been synthesized and used as a membrane-impermeable probe. The aryl azide was nonfluorescent. When activated by light, a highly reactive nitrene was generated which was capable of nonspecific covalent modifications of hydrophilic regions of cell surfaces. The products of the photolysis were highly fluorescent and modified proteins could be identified by their characteristic fluorescence after electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. When intact human erythrocytes were labeled with ANDS, Protein 3, the major membrane protein, and the sialoglycoproteins were modified. No proteins of apparent molecular weight greater than Protein 3 were labeled by ANDS, suggesting that none of these membrane components was exposed to the hydrophilic external surface of the red blood cell. When open erythrocyte stroma were labeled with ANDS, virtually all protein bands detectable by Coomassie blue staining could be shown to contain some fluorescence label. The significance of these findings are discussed with relation to the use of various aryl azides as surface labels of membranes.