gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A heuristic fuzzy logic approach to EMG pattern recognition for multifunctional prosthesis control (2005)

This paper presents a heuristic fuzzy logic approach to multiple electromyogram (EMG) pattern recognition for multifunctional prosthesis control. Basic signal statistics (mean and standard deviation) are used for membership function construction, and fuzzy c-means (FCMs) data clustering is used to automate the construction of a simple amplitude-driven inference rule base. The result is a system that is transparent to, and easily "tweaked" by, the prosthetist/clinician. Other algorithms in current literature assume a longer period of unperceivable delay, while the system we present has an update rate of 45.7 ms with little postprocessing time, making it suitable for real-time application. Five subjects were investigated (three with intact limbs, one with a unilateral transradial amputation, and one with a unilateral transradial limb-deficiency from birth). Four subjects were used for system offline analysis, and the remaining intact-limbed subject was used for system real-time analysis. We discriminated between four EMG patterns for subjects with intact limbs, and between three patterns for limb-deficient subjects. Overall classification rates ranged from 94% to 99%. The fuzzy algorithm also demonstrated success in real-time classification, both during steady state motions and motion state transitioning. This functionality allows for seamless control of multiple degrees-of-freedom in a multifunctional prosthesis.
The Economic Espionage Act: The rules have not changed (1998)

The author argues that the Economic Espionage Act of 1996 was never intended to limit aggressive but legitimate competitive intelligence collection activities, nor even activities that fall into the “gray zone,” and that CI professionals who are properly trained and abide by SCIP's Code of Ethics should not run afoul of trade secret law or the EEA. The clearly criminal activities the EEA targets have always been prohibited under state law and unacceptable under SCIP's Code of Ethics. Moreover, trade secret case law has interpreted “misrepresentation” as applying to situations which induce a breach of confidentiality. Using “pretexts” to elicit information may be unethical, but isn't illegal under most circumstances. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Heat exchanger wrap-up (1983)

Heat exchangers are used between the collector fluid and the storage tank in active solar energy systems. The thermal performance of heat exchangers can be predicted if the two parameters are known: the number of transfer units, which is the ratio of characteristic size for heat transfer to the smaller of the heat capacity flow rates, and the ratio of the heat capacity flow rates of the two streams. These parameters are used to predict the optimum performance of heat exchangers.
Enhanced detection of early-stage oral cancer in vivo by optical coherence tomography using multimodal delivery of gold nanoparticles (2009)

Contrast in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images can be enhanced by utilizing surface plasmon resonant gold nanoparticles. To improve the poor in vivo transport of gold nanoparticles through biological barriers, an efficient delivery strategy is needed. In this study, the improved penetration and distribution of gold nanoparticles were achieved by microneedle and ultrasound, respectively, and it was demonstrated that this multimodal delivery of antibody-conjugated PEGylated gold nanoparticles enhanced the contrast in in vivo OCT images of oral dysplasia in a hamster model.
In vivo activation of heterophil function in chickens following injection with <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i>-immune lymphokines (1995)

We have previously shown that increased resistance to Salmonella enteritidis organ infectivity in day-old chicks was conferred by the immunoprophylactic administration of S. enteritidis-immune lymphokines (ILK). This resistance was associated with a significant increase in the number of circulating heterophils 4 h after ILK injection. The objective of the present study was to evaluate heterophil function following the administration of ILK in day-old chicks. Significant increases (P < 0.001) in adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis of S. enteritidis were found with heterophils isolated from ILK-injected chickens compared to the heterophils isolated from birds injected with either pyrogen-free saline or lymphokines from non-immune T cells. After phagocytosis, the heterophils from the ILK-injected chickens were also able to kill significantly greater numbers of S. enteritidis more rapidly than did the heterophils from the saline-injected control birds (within 30 min, control cells killed 21.89% of the bacteria whereas ILK-treated cells killed 88.22%). We also found that the heterophils from the ILK-injected birds were more efficient killers of S. typhimurium, S. gallinarum, and E. coli. These results strongly suggest that the protection against S. enteritidis organ invasion induced by the prophylactic treatment of day-old chicks with ILK involves activated heterophils which migrate rapidly to the inflammatory stimulus where they phagocytize and kill the bacteria.
Origin of Broad Visible Emission from Branched Polysilane and Polygermane Chains (2001)

The emission properties of branched polysilane and polygermane are studied using time-resolved emission spectroscopy. As branched polymers, the organosilicon cluster (OSI) and organogermanium cluster (OGE) are investigated, which are prepared from tetrachlorosilane and tetrachlorogermane, respectively, and have a hyperbranched structure. The broad visible emissions of OSI and OGE are explained by the energy diagram based on a configuration coordinate model, and the excited states are attributed to a localized state around the branching point. The molecular orbital (MO) calculation suggested the formation of a localized state by the distortion around the branching point in the excited state. The potential barrier for the nonradiative relaxation process was determined from the temperature dependence of the emission lifetime.
Convergent and Discriminant Validation of Measures of Faculty Competence by the Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix. (1984)

In this study; three attributes of faculty competence--teaching,research, and service--were each measured by three different instruments--department chair evaluation, self-evaluation; and one other measure (student evaluations, number of publications; and number of committees); The data were analyzed through a multitrait-multimethod matrix to ascertain convergent and divergent validity. The results indicate that the evidence for validity is relatively weak; it was concluded that the results from these measures should be interpreted with considerable caution. Convergent and Discriminant Validation
The Pathology and Homing of a Transplantable Murine B Cell Leukemia (BCL1) (1979)

The pathology and homing characteristics of a murine B cell leukemia are described. Experiments utilizing autoradiography to determine the early homing pattern of the leukemic cells revealed a pronounced localization of the labeled cells to the spleen. The cells that were seen in the white pulp showed preferential localization to the follicles or B cell domains. Tissue section immunofluorescence with antibodies to kappa- and lambda-light chains was used to study the initial mouse with this disease as well as to study the mice that were injected with in vivo passaged cells. These mice also showed predominant involvement of the spleen. Although the initial mouse with this disease had 200,000 lambda-bearing B lymphocytes per mm3 in the peripheral blood and closely resembled a human chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient, the studies described suggest that this murine B cell neoplasm is a lymphoma with a striking predilection for splenic involvement. The other organs including the bone marrow as well as the peripheral blood appeared to be involved secondarily. This unusual spontaneously occurring murine B cell disease provides a useful model for the investigation of certain commonly occurring human lymphomas and leukemias.
Synthetic Aperture Radar (2000)

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations by an
Stackable bipolar pouch cells with corrosion-resistant current collectors enable high-power aqueous electrochemical energy storage (2018)

A platform for testing and scaling aqueous batteries and supercapacitors is demonstrated with a high-power/low-self-discharge zinc-bromine cell chemistry.
[Surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy study of vitamin B12 on copper electrode]. (2013)

The vitamin B12 molecule has long fascinated chemists because of its exclusive complex structure and unusual reactivities in biological systems. In order to achieve a better understanding of the structural attribute of the Vitamin B12 molecule when it interacted with metal, in the present paper, the vitamin B12 molecules adsorbed on variation of copper electrode potential from 0 to -1.0 V was studied by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). An excellent SERS substrate was obtained with insitu electrochemical oxidation-reduction cycle (ORC), and its surface roughness was characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM). Assignments of Raman peaks observed by normal Raman spectrum (NRS) and SERS spectra of vitamin B12 molecule were given based on previous literatures. It was found that the potential-dependent relative intensity changed in SERS spectra which depended on the vitamin B12 molecular orientation with respect to the copper surface according to the surface selection rule (SSR). It was concluded that the corrin ring was adsorbed in tilt form on copper surface and the Co-CN group was farther away from the copper surface at higher potentials. With the decrease in potential, the tilt angle between the corrin ring and copper surface became smaller, then the Co-N group and 5,6 dimethylbenzimidazole group got close to the copper surface. The results offered an important structural attribute of vitamin B12 molecule when it interacted with copper electrode for the first time, and supplied a meaningful reference for the electrochemical bioactivity of the vitamin B12 molecule.
Electrophotographic Solid Freeform Fabrication (1999)

Abstract : A method for solid freeform fabrication based on electrophotographic powder deposition was investigated to study its potentials and to identity design and implementation challenges. In this technique powder is printed layer-by-layer in the shape of the cross-sections of the part using electrophotography, which is a very widely used non-impact printing method. The electrophotography process involves picking and depositing powder using an electrostatically charged photoconducting surface. Each layer of powder is consolidated by fusing before the next layer of powder is printed. A fully automated test bed was constructed that consists of a printing system, fusing/ heating plate, a build platform that has two-degrees of freedom as well as software that drives the system. Electrophotography provides high printing resolution and accuracy that is particularly suited for printing fine powder (5-20 microns) to build small objects. In addition to rapid prototyping, applications of this process include layered manufacturing of a variety of micro and meso-scaled objects and assemblies.
IRAK4 mediates colitis-induced tumorigenesis and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (2019)

Aberrant activation of the NF-κB transcription factors underlies chemoresistance in various cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Targeting the activating mechanisms, particularly with inhibitors to the upstream IκB kinase (IKK) complex, is a promising strategy to augment the effect of chemotherapy. However, clinical success has been limited, largely because of low specificity and toxicities of tested compounds. In solid cancers, the IKKs are driven predominantly by the Toll-like receptor (TLR)/IL-1 receptor family members, which signal through the IL-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs), with isoform 4 (IRAK4) being the most critical. The pathogenic role and therapeutic value of IRAK4 in CRC have not been investigated. We found that IRAK4 inhibition significantly abrogates colitis-induced neoplasm in APCMin/+ mice, and bone marrow transplant experiments showed an essential role of IRAK4 in immune cells during neoplastic progression. Chemotherapy significantly enhances IRAK4 and NF-κB activity in CRC cells through upregulating TLR9 expression, which can in turn be suppressed by IRAK4 and IKK inhibitors, suggesting a feed-forward pathway that protects CRC cells from chemotherapy. Lastly, increased tumor phospho-IRAK4 staining or IRAK4 mRNA expression is associated with significantly worse survival in CRC patients. Our results support targeting IRAK4 to improve the effects of chemotherapy and outcomes in CRC.
Clinical impact of real-time evaluation of the biological activity and degradation of hepatocyte growth factor (2008)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is essential for injury repair. Despite high HGF levels in chronic ulcers, up-regulation of HGF receptor in ulcer tissue and decreased biological activity of HGF in ulcer secretions have been observed. With a surface plasmon resonance-based method, we assessed the binding of HGF to antibodies, receptors, and the basement membrane and identified binding interactions that are indispensable for the biological activity of HGF. Recombinant HGF (rHGF) lots were tested for activity, structural integrity, and degradation, and the results were verified in an in vitro model of cell injury. Biologically active rHGF, as well as plasma from healthy volunteers, bound to heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) and to anti-HGF antibodies. Decreased binding to HSPG was the first event in rHGF degradation. This study established the feasibility of identifying patients with chronic inflammation who need exogenous HGF and of using ligand-binding assessment to evaluate rHGF lots for biological activity.
Exención retroactiva de plusvalías en las daciones en pago de vivienda (2014)

El nuevo decreto omnibus intentando dar solucion a situaciones a todas luces contrarias al principio de capacidad economica que se producian al liquidar en IRPF las plusvalias teoricas en las transmisiones de la vivienda habitual forzadas por la crisis ha declarado la exencion de estas ganancias patrimoniales, y lo mas importante, su retroactividad. El balon esta en el tejado de la Administracion Tributaria.
Elimination–addition. Part XI. Electronic effects upon the reactivity of aryl vinyl sulphones towards amines (1967)

Rates of addition of t-butylamine to a series of nuclear-substituted aryl vinyl sulphones have been measured for reactions in ethanol at 25°. The results are well correlated by the Hammett σρ relationship, the value of ρ=+1·59 being obtained with substituents possessing σ constants in the range –0·268 to +0·778. The reaction is compared with others which proceed via a carbanionic transition state.
RNA disruption is associated with response to multiple classes of chemotherapy drugs in tumor cell lines (2016)

Supporting the in vivo evidence, our results demonstrate that RNA disruption is induced by multiple chemotherapy agents in cell lines from different tissues and is associated with drug response. Although present, the link between apoptosis and RNA disruption is not completely understood. Evaluation of RNA disruption is thus proposed as a novel and effective biomarker to assess response to chemotherapy drugs in vitro and in vivo.
Mechanisms of Action and Efficacy of Statins against Influenza (2014)

The influenza virus (IV) is known to be a resistant virus with frequent mutations, causing severe respiratory diseases in the upper respiratory system. Public health concerns about clinical efficacy of all conventional drugs are ambiguous; therefore, finding additional therapeutic agents is critical to prevent and control influenza outbreaks. Influenza is associated with the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Scientists have reported that anti-inflammatory drugs, with pleiotropic effects, reduce the burden of severe influenza diseases. Therefore, statins, which are cardioprotective drugs with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, may help patients suffering from influenza virus (IV). This review delineates the potential use of statins as an alternative therapy in treating influenza related illness.
Residue L143 of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Leader Proteinase Is a Determinant of Cleavage Specificity (2008)

The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) leader proteinase (L(pro)) self-processes inefficiently at the L(pro)/VP4 cleavage site LysLeuLys*GlyAlaGly (* indicates cleaved peptide bond) when the leucine at position P2 is replaced by phenylalanine. Molecular modeling and energy minimization identified the L(pro) residue L143 as being responsible for this discrimination. The variant L(pro) L143A self-processed efficiently at the L(pro)/VP4 cleavage site containing P2 phenylalanine, whereas the L143M variant did not. L(pro) L143A self-processing at the eIF4GII sequence AspPheGly*ArgGlnThr was improved but showed more-extensive aberrant processing. Residue 143 in L(pro) is occupied only by leucine and methionine in all sequenced FMDV serotypes, implying that these bulky side chains are one determinant of the restricted specificity of L(pro).
Overexpression of Polygalacturonase in Transgenic Apple Trees Leads to a Range of Novel Phenotypes Involving Changes in Cell Adhesion (2002)

Polygalacturonases (PGs) cleave runs of unesterified GalUA that form homogalacturonan regions along the backbone of pectin. Homogalacturonan-rich pectin is commonly found in the middle lamella region of the wall where two adjacent cells abut and its integrity is important for cell adhesion. Transgenic apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv Royal Gala) trees were produced that contained additional copies of a fruit-specific apple PG gene under a constitutive promoter. In contrast to previous studies in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) where PG overexpression had no effect on the plant (K.W. Osteryoung, K. Toenjes, B. Hall, V. Winkler, A.B. Bennett [1990] Plant Cell 2: 1239-1248), PG overexpression in transgenic apple led to a range of novel phenotypes. These phenotypes included silvery colored leaves and premature leaf shedding due to reduced cell adhesion in leaf abscission zones. Mature leaves had malformed and malfunctioning stomata that perturbed water relations and contributed to a brittle leaf phenotype. Chemical and ultrastructural analyses were used to relate the phenotypic changes to pectin changes in the leaf cell walls. The modification of apple trees by a single PG gene has offered a new and unexpected perspective on the role of pectin and cell wall adhesion in leaf morphology and stomatal development.
Measurement of Bound and Free Endotoxin by the Limulus Assay (1974)

The Limulus assay was used to measure activities of naturally occurring and chemically extracted endotoxins and endotoxin fractions. Large amounts of both bound and free endotoxin were detected from gram-negative bacterial cells grown in either enriched or minimal media, and from resting cells. Following purification by phenol extraction, free endotoxin evidenced a similar level of activity to that of bound endotoxin. Lipid A and polysaccharide prepared by hydrolysis of endotoxin demonstrated reduced Limulus activity. However, R-strains from three species of gram-negative bacilli produced large amounts of free endotoxin. These results indicate that free endotoxin is part of the LPS that is readily released in a liquid environment, and probably is composed of lipid A and core material. In addition, a relatively constant amount of endotoxin remains bound on the cell surface, allowing an approximate quantitation of viable bacilli in fluids using the Limulus assay.
The campomelic syndrome: Review, report of 17 cases, and follow‐up on the currently 17‐year‐old boy first reported by Maroteaux et al in 1971 (1983)

We report 17 cases of the campomelic syndrome (CS) and a follow-up of one of the original patients of Maroteaux et al who is now 17 years old. Our review is based on 97 patients, including our own. An infant with the CS presents at birth with spectacularly short and bowed femora and tibiae. The initial chest radiograph confirms the diagnosis by demonstrating extremely small bladeless scapulae and hypoplastic pedicles of many thoracic vertebrae. Ossification of the sternal segments, pubis, talus, and knee epiphyses is also retarded. Usually the hips are dislocated and talipes equinovarus deformities are present. There is a small chondrocranium and a disproportionately large neurocranium. The bell-shaped chest, narrow superiorly, does not explain the degree of respiratory distress that soon ensues. Narrow airways from defective tracheo-bronchial cartilage can often be demonstrated on the radiograph, but micrognathia, retroglossia, cleft palate, hypoplastic lungs, and even CNS-based hypotonia contribute to the respiratory problem. Internal anomalies include frequent absence of olfactory bulbs and tracts and dilatation of cerebral ventricles, heart defects (PDA, VSD, stenosis of aortic isthmus), hydroureter and hydronephrosis, renal hypoplasia, renal hypoplasia, and rarely renal cysts.
The Role of Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis (2018)

The role traditionally assigned to astrocytes in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions has been the formation of the glial scar once inflammation has subsided. Astrocytes are now recognized to be early and highly active players during lesion formation and key for providing peripheral immune cells access to the central nervous system. Here, we review the role of astrocytes in the formation and evolution of MS lesions, including the recently described functional polarization of astrocytes, discuss prototypical pathways for astrocyte activation, and summarize mechanisms by which MS treatments affect astrocyte function.
Random sequencing of an induced <i>Taxus</i> cell cDNA library for identification of clones involved in Taxol biosynthesis (2004)

Biosynthesis of the anticancer drug Taxol involves 19 enzymatic steps from the universal diterpenoid progenitor geranylgeranyl diphosphate derived by the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate pathway for isoprenoid precursor supply. To gain further insight about Taxol biosynthesis relevant to the improved production of this drug and to draw inferences about the organization, regulation, and origins of this complex natural product pathway, random sequencing of a cDNA library derived from Taxus cuspidata cells (induced for taxoid biosynthesis with methyl jasmonate) was undertaken. This effort revealed surprisingly high abundances for transcripts of several of the 12 defined genes of Taxol biosynthesis, yielded cDNAs encoding two previously uncharacterized cytochrome P450 taxoid hydroxylases, and provided candidate genes for all but one of the remaining seven steps of this extended sequence of reactions.
Monte Carlo simulation and experimental evaluation of photoneutron spectra produced in medical linear accelerators (2003)

Linear accelerators for the cancer radiotherapy generally make use of high-energy photon beam. If the photon energy is greater than 6-7 MeV, neutrons are generated by a photonuclear reaction in the accelerator head. The neutron spectrum and yield at the patient plane must be known in order to optimize the treatment and limit secondary malignancies. The spectrum of neutrons generated by the (/spl gamma/,n) reaction in the SL20I ELEKTA multileaf accelerator has been obtained at the patient plane with a Monte Carlo simulation. The calculated spectrum has been checked out against experimental measurements performed, in different positions at the patient plane, with a passive bubble spectrometer.