gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In Vitro</i>Study of the Stress Response of Human Skin Cells to GSM-1800 Mobile Phone Signals Compared to UVB Radiation and Heat Shock (2007)

The evolution of mobile phone technology is toward an increase of the carrier frequency up to 2.45 GHz. Absorption of radiofrequency (RF) radiation becomes more superficial as the frequency increases. This increasingly superficial absorption of RF radiation by the skin, which is the first organ exposed to RF radiation, may lead to stress responses in skin cells. We thus investigated the expression of three heat-shock proteins (HSP70, HSC70, HSP27) using immunohistochemistry and induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry on human primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts. A well-characterized exposure system, SXC 1800, built by the IT'IS foundation was used at 1800 MHz, with a 217 Hz modulation. We tested a 48-h exposure at an SAR of 2 W/kg (ICNIRP local exposure limit). Skin cells were also irradiated with a 600 mJ/cm2 single dose of UVB radiation and subjected to heat shock (45 degrees C, 20 min) as positive controls for apoptosis and HSP expression, respectively. The results showed no effect of a 48-h GSM-1800 exposure at 2 W/kg on either keratinocytes or fibroblasts, in contrast to UVB-radiation or heat-shock treatments, which injured cells. We thus conclude that the GSM-1800 signal does not act as a stress factor on human primary skin cells in vitro.
Medical record linkage in health information systems by approximate string matching and clustering (2005)

Duplicate-free databases, used in conjunction with relevant indexes and similarity values, allow immediate (i.e. real-time) proximity detection when inserting a new identity.
Heat Transfer Analysis of the NAHBE Piston Cap, (1977)

An analysis of the transient temperature and heat transfer variations in the cap of a modified piston engine (NAHBE) was made. The objective was to estimate the regenerative heating effect due to the cap under various operating conditions. A finite difference model was developed which accounted for variable heat transfer coefficients and environmental temperatures. An explicit method of solution was obtained by use of a digital computer. The parametric study has suggested conditions where a regenerative heating effect is significant. It will be more useful when used in conjunction with experimental and future research. (Author)
Estimating the predictability of an oceanic time series using linear and nonlinear methods (2004)

This study establishes a series of tests to examine the relative utility of nonlinear time series analysis for oceanic data. The performance of linear autoregressive models and nonlinear delay coordinate embedding methods are compared for three numerical and two observational data sets. The two observational data sets are (1) an hourly near‐bottom pressure time series from the South Atlantic Bight and (2) an hourly current‐meter time series from the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB). The nonlinear methods give significantly better predictions than the linear methods when the underlying dynamics have low dimensionality. When the dimensionality is high, the utility of nonlinear methods is limited by the length and quality of the time series. On the application side we mainly focus on the MAB data set. We find that the slope velocities are much less predictable than shelf velocities. Predictability on the slope after several hours is no better than the statistical mean. On the other hand, significant predictability of shelf velocities can be obtained for up to at least 12 hours.
Encryption Schemes for Computer Confidentiality (1977)

This is a first attempt to develop shift-register-based encryption methods with nonlinear characteristics. We propose some new stream enciphering schemes composed of standard components which are easy to implement and appear to be difficult to break by either a linear attack or statistical analysis.
A Simple Method for the Preparation of Agarose (1969)

Abstract Agar was purified by adsorption of the agaropectin from a hot agar solution with an insoluble adsorbent. The best results were obtained with aluminum hydroxide gel, especially when the agar was prewashed with an EDTA solution. The product obtained has a low sulfur content and has very good electro-endosmotic properties.
Efficient Distribution of Virtual Machines for Cloud Computing (2010)

The commercial success of Cloud computing and recent developments in Grid computing have brought platform virtualization technology into the field of high performance computing. Virtualization offers both more flexibility and security through custom user images and user isolation. In this paper, we deal with the problem of distributing virtual machine (VM) images to a set of distributed compute nodes in a Cross-Cloud computing environment, i.e., the connection of two or more Cloud computing sites. Ambrust et al. identified data transfer bottlenecks as one of the obstacles Cloud computing has to solve to be a commercial success. Several methods for distributing VM images are presented, and optimizations based on copy on write layers are discussed. The performance of the presented solutions and the security overhead is evaluated.
A WordNet-based algorithm for word sense disambiguation (1995)

We present an algorithm for automatic word sense disambiguation, based on lexical knowledge contained in WordNet and on the results of surface-syntactic analysis. The algorithm is part of a system that analyzes texts in order to acquire knowledge in the presence of as little pre-coded semantic knowledge as possible. On the other hand, we want to make the best use of public-domain information sources such as WordNet. Rather than depend on large amounts of hand-crafted knowledge or statistical data from large corpora, we use syntactic information and information in WordNet and minimize the need for other knowledge sources in the word sense disambiguation process. We propose to guide disambiguation by semantic similarity between words and heuristic rules based on this similarity. The algorithm has been applied to the Canadian Income Tax Guide. Test results indicate that even on a relatively small text the proposed method produces correct noun meaning more than 72% of the time. 1 Introduct...
Using incremental learning for transition from rule based behavior to motion sequences for motor control of a flexible robot system (2003)

In the context of service robotics very often no model of the environment exists. The actual situation can partially be recognized by sensors as a snapshot, which is then used for planning an action; the optimal trajectory, e.g., in manipulation tasks, to reach a desired destination is often very difficult to compute because not all aspects were captured by the sensors. Therefore, systems with rule based behavior can be used to autonomously plan the motion online using mainly tactile sensor information. For repeating the same or a similar task, it would be nice to have motion sequences allowing much faster motions with less collisions. The problem we address in this paper is the transition from rule based behavior towards motion sequences without losing the flexibility of the system, which is necessary to adapt a motion sequence to the actual situation and to deal with unforeseen events during execution.
Writing for Publication (1951)

Mr. Seidl, who teaches journalism and supervises the instruction in editing at the University of California in Berkeley, has had wide experience in writing for newspapers, magazines, and radio. He was formerly public information officer for the California State Department of Education.
Expression of yeast invertase in oocytes from <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (1989)

In an effort to understand factors that control glycosylation of proteins and processing of carbohydrate chains, invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was expressed in a heterologous system. Microinjection of invertase-specific in vitro transcripts into oocytes from Xenopus laevis resulted in synthesis, glycosylation and secretion of enzymatically active invertase. It was found that although the number of carbohydrate chains acquired is the same as in yeast, the carbohydrate processing is different. This is consistent with the notion that the usage of a glycosylation site is determined by the protein part, whereas subsequent processing occurs in a host-dependent manner. Both, high-mannose and complex type glycans, most likely tri- and tetra-antennary structures, were synthesized in oocytes. The data obtained suggests that in this system the core chains of yeast invertase remain high-mannose type, whereas the more extensively processed polymannose chains are modified to complex oligosaccharides. In the presence of the glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin, and the glucosidase processing inhibitor, methyldeoxynojirimycin, secretion of invertase is significantly decreased, whereas in the presence of the mannosidase inhibitor, deoxymannojirimycin, no influence of secretion is seen. This may suggest that glycosylation of invertase is important for early secretion events. Expression of invertase lacking the leader sequence results in loss of glycosylation and secretion in oocytes. This indicates that yeast signals for secretion are functional in this higher eukaryote.
Business Services as a New Operational Model for Enterprises and Ecosystems (2006)

Enterprises continue to face the challenge of cost effective operations and thus, standardization and openness are becoming an imperative for operational efficiencies at a much higher business level than information systems and related IT infrastructure. Business processes have governed enterprise operational modeling for several decades and have provided the basis for many business transformation approaches. Business processes have thus become an early form of standardization and their continuous maturity has given rise to a very important outsourcing market that has helped companies produce substantial savings by T. Davenport (2005). However, there is a clear need for new ways of modeling enterprise operations that exploit deeper levels of industry-specific commonalities across companies, thus realizing further economies of scale while yielding more savings and enhanced resilience. This paper introduces the concept of business service-based modeling of companies and related ecosystems as an innovative approach for attaining these goals. The concept of "services" is not new. Service oriented architectures (SOA), related Web services and other service standardization efforts are well-known today. However, the focus of existing service models is primarily integration of IT systems based on interoperability. These models, which are targeted towards solution implementers, do not adequately address the needs of higher level, business-oriented modeling within the context of a service-oriented operation and corresponding service-oriented ecosystems. Companies are beginning to recognize the importance of business-level service orientation as a pre-requisite to becoming competitive. For on demand interaction with their customers, suppliers, partners, and employees, companies are actively exploring what business services to provide and how to develop them rapidly in order to be responsive and grow margins. Hence, there is a need for proper operational modeling constructs and corresponding SW tools that support design, representation, and analysis of services that are required by service-oriented, on demand businesses. Business Services provide such a new paradigm for extended business-level standardization and componentization. In this paper, the concept of business services is introduced and illustrated with several examples. A new metamodel exposing the different aspects of company operations comprised by these business services were presented. Traditional functional modeling approaches including business processes will be related to business services
Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020 (2020)

We show the distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three genomic nomenclature systems to all sequence data from the World Health Organization European Region available until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation, compare the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.
Determination of Picomole Amounts of Dopamine, Noradrenaline, 3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylalanine, 3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid, Homovanillic Acid, and 5‐Hydroxyindolacetic Acid in Nervous Tissue After One‐Step Purification on Sephadex G‐10, Using High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Novel Type of Electrochemical Detection (1981)

A determination of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in nervous tissue is described. The method is based on a rapidly performed isolation of DA, NA, DOPA, DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA from one single nervous tissue sample on small columns of Sephadex G-10, followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. A new type of electrochemical detector based on a rotating disk electrode (RDE) was used. The rotating disc electrode was found to be a reliable and sensitive amperometric detector with several advantages over the currently used thin-layer cells. The detector appeared very useful for routine analysis. Practical details are given for the routine use of the RDE. Brain samples containing no more than 75-150 pg (DA, DOPA, DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA) or 500 pg (NA) could be reproducibly assayed with high recovery (approx. 85%) and precision (approx. 5%), without the use of internal standards. Endogenous concentrations of DA, NA, DOPA, DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA were determined in eight brain structures.
JAK2 MUTATION-POSITIVE POLYCYTHEMIA VERA PRESENTING AS CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION (2014)

Central retinal artery occlusion, a disease with a frequently devastating visual outcome, is often not an "isolated" ocular occurrence. In the absence of an obvious local trigger, a thorough work-up is always warranted, especially in younger patients, as the ocular pathology oftentimes may herald severe cerebro-cardiovascular events.
Technique for enabling prism coupling (1990)

An alignment technique has been developed for coupling to optical modes in a waveguide using right angle prisms.
Design, construction and NMR testing of a 1 tesla Halbach Permanent Magnet for Magnetic Resonance (2005)

Widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in research, industry, and education is limited by the physical size and the very high procurement and maintainance costs of a superconducting magnet. Attempts have been made to replace the superconducting magnet with a permanent magnet. However, the reported permanent magnets have typically been limited to very low strengths, or very small useable volumes. In this paper, we introduce a design of a portable table-top magnet with a strength of 1 tesla (i.e., a 1 H resonance frequency of 42.5 MHz), which consists of an array of 36 cylindrical permanent magnet rods positioned to achieve a reasonably homogeneous magnetic within an extended region. Three- dimensional (3D) numerical magnetostatic simulations were performed using FEMLAB. The simulated results of the magnetic flux density, frequently referred to as the field in the MRI and NMR community, were compared with the measurements obtained using a digital teslameter. The simulated and measured B0 were found to be very similar. The initial utility of the permanent magnet has been demonstrated by the acquisition of NMR spectra using a custom-built microcoil probe. Finally, FEMLAB simulations were performed to determine an improved topological design to increase the strength of the B0 using existing magnets. Keywords permanent magnet, miniature, magnetic resonance, imaging, spectroscopy, simulation, FEMLAB
A New Instrument for Immobilization and Hemostasis During Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass ("MIDCAB doughnut"): Experimental Study (1997)

A new instrument for the immobilization and hemostasis of an anastomotic site is described for use during minimally invasive off-pump direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB). The mechanism is based on air suction of the heart surface. The instrument is unique in that it can avoid direct temporary of the distal end of the coronary artery to control bleeding. With this instrument, anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending artery (LAD) was successfully performed on three pigs. Additionally, in six patients the LAD could be stably and securely immobilized in the beating heart by the present instrument. The instrument is hereinafter referred as "MIDCAB doughnut," which can make an operative field motionless and bloodless without distal snaring.
Dual energy phase contrast x-ray imaging with Talbot-Lau interferometer (2010)

In weakly absorbing materials such as polymers and soft tissue, x-ray phase sensitive imaging methods can provide substantially enhanced contrast compared to classical, absorption based radiography. For specific applications, the latter can be applied in a dual energy scheme that helps to identify, discriminate and/or quantify materials. In this paper, we report on a new method that combines the idea of dual energy with x-ray phase contrast imaging and thus provides material sensitivity among poor absorbers. The dual energy modality cannot be applied in common phase contrast imaging schemes because of their demand for limited bandwidth or even monochromatic x-ray sources. Our new interferometric method based on diffraction gratings can overcome this shortcoming and thus simultaneously deliver x-ray phase contrast images for two distinct x-ray energy intervals. It has been shown that high quality images can be obtained with the dual energy phase setup. Energy spectra with 40 kV and 70 kV were applied to obtain low- and high-energy images, respectively. Furthermore, an estimation of the effective energy in the image formation process for absorption and phase contrast was experimentally determined. Examples are shown for which the dual energy phase contrast modality delivers complementary information on material composition when compared with the conventional dual energy scheme.
The Ferredoxin/Thioredoxin System of Oxygenic Photosynthesis (2008)

Forty years ago, ferredoxin (Fdx) was shown to activate fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in illuminated chloroplast preparations, thereby laying the foundation for the field now known as "redox biology." Enzyme activation was later shown to require the ubiquitous protein thioredoxin (Trx), reduced photosynthetically by Fdx via an enzyme then unknown-ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase (FTR). These proteins, Fdx, FTR, and Trx, constitute a regulatory ensemble, the "Fdx/Trx system." The redox biology field has since grown beyond all expectations and now embraces a spectrum of processes throughout biology. Progress has been notable with plants that possess not only the plastid Fdx/Trx system, but also the earlier known NADP/Trx system in the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. Plants contain at least 19 types of Trx (nine in chloroplasts). In this review, we focus on the structure and mechanism of action of members of the photosynthetic Fdx/Trx system and on biochemical processes linked to Trx. We also summarize recent evidence that extends the Fdx/Trx system to amyloplasts-heterotrophic plastids functional in the biosynthesis of starch and other cell components. The review highlights the plant as a model system to uncover principles of redox biology that apply to other organisms.
High-temperature superconducting thick films (1997)

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) thick films have undergone a period of rapid progress since their discovery in 1986. In this review thick-film materials are described with special reference to their processing, their properties and the development of devices. The devices include HTS magnetic shields, resonators for microwave filters, antennas and wire. The translation of science into applications has taken place in a relatively short time and already impressive performance is seen in HTS prototype devices.
Research in binocular vision and amblyopia: recent progress and future challenges (2008)

Aim: To review recent advances in our knowledge about the primary visual cortex and animal models of amblyopia and discuss their relevance for current treatment strategies and speculate about alternative future methods.Methods: A literature-based review was carried out to highlight recent progress and future challenges in research in binocular vision and amblyopia.Results: Amblyopia is the most common develop­mental disorder of vision, resulting from abnormal visual experience during a critical period early in life. It Is associated with physiological and anatomical changes (plasticity) in the primary visual cortex, which are deemed largely irreversible in adulthood. The classical animal model of amblyopia is mono­cular deprivation (MD) by eyelid suture, but induced or naturally occurring strabismus has also been studied extensively. In recent years, research has concentrated on understanding the neural mechan­isms of binocular integration and of cortical plasticity during the critical period, as well as on exploring new avenues for extending plasticity into adulthood. Three lines of animal research arc presented. First, the optimisation of eye-patching regimens to achieve the best possible visual acuity in both eyes; second, the neurophysiology of strabismic suppression; and third, new strategics for treating amblyopia in adolescents and adults, by means of cither visual training paradigms or drug therapies aimed at restoring cortical plasticity after Ihc end of the critical period.Conclusion: The results of the research both comple­ment clinical experience and provide a hopeful outlook for improved or novel methods of treating amblyopia in the future.
Enhanced Quality, Growth Kinetics, and Photocatalysis of ZnO Nanowalls Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition (2015)

ZnO nanowalls (NWLs) represent a nontoxic, abundant, and porous material, with promising applications in sensing and photocatalysis. They can be grown by low-cost solution methods on Al (covered) substrates; Al(OH)4– generated in situ is assumed to be responsible for engendering the NWL morphology. Here, we grew ZnO NWLs by chemical bath deposition (at 70–95 °C). The roles of pH, concentration of Al(OH)4–, and growth time on the thickness and quality of NWL film were experimentally investigated, and the growth kinetics was explained in terms of a self-screening model. Increasing the chemical bath pH from 5.7 to 7.4 led to a 40% thicker film and more NWLs per unit area of the substrate—due to increased concentration of Al(OH)4–—but these were accompanied by the presence of embedded micro-/nanoparticles. We propose the use of anodized Al as a way to enhance the growth rate and density of the NWLs with no detrimental effect on film quality. Compared with non-anodized Al, NWL film grown on anodized Al (at the lower pH) showed a higher growth rate, an excellent film quality, and a higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of toxic methyl orange.