gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efflux pump-mediated resistance in chemotherapy (2012)

Efflux pump mechanisms perform important physiological functions such as prevention of toxin absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, elimination of bile from the hepatocytes, effective functioning of the blood-brain barrier and placental barrier, and renal excretion of drugs. They exist in all living cells, but those in the bacterial and mammalian cells are more important to the clinician and pharmacologist, as they constitute an important cause of antimicrobial drug resistance, which contributes to treatment failure, high medical bills, and increased mortality / morbidity. This review was aimed at highlighting the role of efflux pump mechanisms in microbial resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. It was also aimed to elucidate their structure and mechanisms of action so as to integrate the efflux pump mechanisms in the design and development of novel antimicrobial agents. Findings from previous studies and research on this subject assessed through Google search, Pubmed, Hinari websites, as well as standard textbooks on chemotherapy, provided the needed information in the process of this review. Efflux pump inhibitors are promising strategies for preventing and reverting efflux-mediated resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. They are usually employed as adjuncts in antimicrobial and cancer chemotherapy. Toxicity, more common with the older-generation inhibitors such as verapamil and reserpine, constitutes the greatest impediment to their clinical applications. No efflux pump inhibitor has been approved for routine clinical use, as a result of doubtful clinical efficacy and unacceptably high incidence of adverse effects, particularly inhibition of the P-450 drug metabolizing enzyme. At present, their applications are mainly restricted to epidemiological studies. Nonetheless, the search for efficacious and tolerable efflux pump inhibitors continues because of the potential benefits. There is a need to consider efflux pump substrate selectivity in the design and development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.
On Design and Evaluation of Harmonic Transponders (2014)

Performance and characterization of harmonic transponders is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The harmonic response of a transponder based on a Schottky diode is analytically derived in the case when the excitation power is low. Theoretical calculations prove that at high frequencies, capacitive nonlinearity contributes more to frequency multiplication than resistive nonlinearity. This means that the feasibility of a particular diode for harmonic transponder applications largely depends on its varactor properties. Figures-of-merit (FOM) are derived both for the mixing diode and the transponder antenna. The validity of the proposed theoretical model is investigated experimentally using a harmonic transponder operating at 1 GHz fundamental frequency.
Lymphotoxin ß ReceptorDependent Control of Lipid Homeostasis (2007)

Hyperlipidemia, one of the most important risk factors for coronary heart disease, is often associated with inflammation. We identified lymphotoxin (LT) and LIGHT, tumor necrosis factor cytokine family members that are primarily expressed on lymphocytes, as critical regulators of key enzymes that control lipid metabolism. Dysregulation of LIGHT expression on T cells resulted in hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. In low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice, which lack the ability to control lipid levels in the blood, inhibition of LT and LIGHT signaling with a soluble lymphotoxin beta receptor decoy protein attenuated the dyslipidemia. These results suggest that the immune system directly influences lipid metabolism and that LT modulating agents may represent a novel therapeutic route for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
A Practical Approach for Enhancing Security of EPCglobal RFID Gen2 Tag (2007)

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has been considered as an key infrastructure for the ubiquitous society. However, due to the inherent drawbacks RFID causes various security threats like privacy problems, tag cloning, etc. To address these issues, lots of works had been proposed, but most are not conformed to the EPCglobal RFID Gen2 standard. Some Genl-conformed schemes have the obstacles in implementations since they require the modifications of the standard and additional hardware-level implementations of the tags and readers. This paper proposes a novel practical approach, which are fully conformed to EPCglobal RFID Gen2 standard, for enhancing security of currently used RFID Gen2 tags against the various security threats.
Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Dental Pulp Somatic Cells (2013)

During early development, human dental pulp is originated from neural crest, which is a transient embryonic structure (Fig. 1). According to current knowledge, neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) have the capacity to self-renewal and display a developmental potential almost the same as embryonic stem (ES) cells (Kerkis and Caplan, 2012). These postmigratory NCSCs generate all craniofacial bones, the majority of the peripheral nervous system cells and tissues, as well as several non-neural cell types, such as smooth muscle cells of the cardiovascular system, pigment cells in the skin, cartilage, connective tissue, corneal epithelium and dental pulp among them. Although postmigratory, postnatal NCSCs are of restricted developmental potential they maintain functional characteristics resembling their embryonic counterparts and an ability to differentiate into a broad spectrum of cell types (Le Douarin et al., 2004, 2007, 2008; Dupin et al., 2007; Le Douarin & Dupin, 2003, 2012).
A novel cubic-order algorithm for approximating principal direction vectors (2004)

There are a number of applications in computer graphics that require as a first step the accurate estimation of principal direction vectors at arbitrary vertices on a triangulated surface. Although several methods for calculating principal directions over such models have been previously proposed, we have found in practice that all exhibit unexplained large errors in some cases. In this article, we describe our theoretical and experimental investigations into possible sources of errors in the approximation of principal direction vectors from triangular meshes, and suggest a new method for estimating principal directions that can yield better results under some circumstances.
Digital playgroundz (2017)

Digital Playgroundz is augmented reality platform for large scale applications on flat surfaces (walls). It was developed while trying to connect projection mapping and games, but it can be used for other applications, too. The size or count of interactive surfaces is scalable and the applications are capable of handling input of multiple users simultaneously.
Phase-transfer catalyzed formation of cyanohydrin ethers and acetates (1977)

In the presence of an allylic bromide, aldehydes, but not ketones, react with cyanide ion under phase-transfer catalysis to give cyanohydrin allyl ethers which can be converted to ketones. Other alkylating agents and nucleophiles give different results. Replacing the allylic bromide with acetic anhydride leads to cyanohydrin acetates.
Analgesic effects of clinically used compounds in novel mouse models of polyneuropathy induced by oxaliplatin and cisplatin (2014)

This study established a novel animal model of cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia consistent with the A-fiber neuropathy seen clinically. Systematic assessment of a range of therapeutics identified several candidates that warrant further clinical investigation.
High-performance single-crystalline-silicon TFTs on a non-alkali glass substrate (2003)

A new single-crystal silicon growth method for fabricating high-performance thin-film transistors (TFTs) was developed. High-performance TFTs - with an 8-/spl mu/m-wide and 20-/spl mu/m-long single-crystal silicon region and a field-effect mobility of 580 cm/sup 2//Vs for the n-channel and 330 cm/sup 2//Vs for the p-channel - were fabricated below 450/spl deg/C on a 300/spl times/300 mm/sup 2/ non-alkali glass substrate.
On control approaches for efficient primary energy conversion in irregular waves (2002)

Active control has been extensively studied in the wave energy literature. Advantages of control include potential improvement in year-round productivity and potential decrease in device size. Control in irregular waves presents special difficulties. This paper summarizes some of the recent work on reactive control in irregular waves. A part of the total actuator force requires estimation of future velocity. Approximate estimates based on past measurements are utilized. Results show considerable performance enhancement in wave spectra dominated by energy-rich swells. For further enhancement, the estimation quality must be improved.
IFN-γ Production by Amyloid β–Specific Th1 Cells Promotes Microglial Activation and Increases Plaque Burden in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ)-containing plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss in the brain. Inflammatory changes, typified by activated microglia, particularly adjacent to Aβ plaques, are also a characteristic of the disease, but it is unclear whether these contribute to the pathogenesis of AD or are a consequence of the progressive neurodegenerative processes. Furthermore, the factors that drive the inflammation and neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. CNS-infiltrating T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, but their role in the progression of AD is still unclear. In this study, we examined the role of Aβ-specific T cells on Aβ accumulation in transgenic mice that overexpress amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 (APP/PS1). We found significant infiltration of T cells in the brains of APP/PS1 mice, and a proportion of these cells secreted IFN-γ or IL-17. Aβ-specific CD4 T cells generated by immunization with Aβ and a TLR agonist and polarized in vitro to Th1-, Th2-, or IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells, were adoptively transferred to APP/PS1 mice at 6 to 7 mo of age. Assessment of animals 5 wk later revealed that Th1 cells, but not Th2 or IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells, increased microglial activation and Aβ deposition, and that these changes were associated with impaired cognitive function. The effects of Th1 cells were attenuated by treatment of the APP/PS1 mice with an anti-IFN-γ Ab. Our study suggests that release of IFN-γ from infiltrating Th1 cells significantly accelerates markers of diseases in an animal model of AD.
[Clinical features and diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: correlates with the deficiency of GPI-anchored membrane proteins]. (1994)

Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane proteins are deficient in the blood cells affected by paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). The relation of the deficiencies of CD59 and CD14 with the clinical features of PNH are reported. CD59 binds to complement components C8 and C9 derived from human sera and inhibits the C5b-9-mediated hemolysis in a species-selective manner. The CD59-binding sites were revealed to be localized in the alpha subunit of C8 and in the "b" domain of C9 (thrombin fragment). The deficiency of CD59 in PNH is causatively related to the hemolytic features in PNH. A monocyte differentiation antigen, CD14, is deficient in the affected PNH monocytes. CD14 is reported to be one of the receptors to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-binding to the monocytes were revealed to be mediated through CD14 on monocytes. Enhancement of LPS-binding to monocytes by the presence of serum was not seen to PNH-affected monocytes. PNH-affected monocytes showed impaired TNF-alpha production in response to LPS. The deficiency of CD14 indicates the abnormality in PNH-affected monocytes, however, its significance in the clinical features of PNH is to be clarified.
Chaucer (2000)

Chaucer's understanding of the natural seems less centralized than Gower's, his writings more expressive of the range of possible meanings for nature and the natural available in the Middle Ages. Some of his works, however, seem deliberately to invite the reader to a process of disillusion with Nature which ends in scepticism. It initially hints the natural as benign or morally nonnative in various ways, but then reflects on how problematic this is. This chapter suggests that this scepticism about the natural is Chaucer's deepest response to various strands of optimistic naturalism in his cultural inheritance. Perhaps the apogee both of Chaucer's scepticism about Nature's potential for a benign ordering of human affairs and of his fear that Nature's characteristic way of operating on human being is to commit them to the deepest experiential unsatisfactoriness comes in the Knight's Tale.
A new protecting group combination for solid phase synthesis of protected peptides (1982)

Use of Nα-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylamino-acids in combination with t-butyl-based side-chain protecting groups and a novel dialkoxybenzyl alcohol peptide–resin linkage agent allows solid phase synthesis of protected peptides suitable for use in fragment condensation strategies.
The immediate early gene response to a differentiative stimulus is disrupted by the v-abl and v-ras oncogenes. (1992)

The immediate early gene activation in response to a differentiative stimulus was investigated in the hematopoietic progenitor cell line 32DC13(G). A transient and coordinated increase in mRNA levels for c-fos, c-jun, jun-B, TIS-7/PC-4, TIS-8/egr-1, and TIS-11 occurred during the first 2 h of treatment with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), which ultimately induces the 32DC13(G) cells to terminally differentiate into neutrophilic granulocytes. This pattern of mRNA induction was disrupted by v-abl and v-ras, two oncogenes known to interfere with G-CSF-induced differentiation of 32DC13(G) cells. Induction of the mRNAs for c-jun and TIS-7/PC-4 was blocked by the presence of v-abl, whereas v-ras caused constitutive expression of c-fos mRNA and blocked the c-jun, jun-B and TIS-7/PC-4 mRNA response. Release of the differentiation block in the ras-transformed 32DC13(G) cells by co-treatment with retinoic acid and G-CSF partially restored the normal c-fos and c-jun mRNA induction pattern, suggesting that the proper activation of these genes may be important for myeloid differentiation.
Persulphate oxidations. Part 12. Generation and reactions of N-methoxy-benzamidyls and -benzsulphonamidyls (1979)

Several N-methoxybiphenyl-2-carboxamidyls and one N-methoxybiphenyl-2-sulphonamidyl have been generated by oxidation of the corresponding N-methoxy-amides with potassium persulphate, lead tetra-acetate, or t-butoxyl radicals (from irradiated di-t-butyl peroxide), and their e.s.r. spectral parameters evaluated. The methoxyamidyls cyclise onto the adjacent aryl ring to give N-methoxyphenanthridones and/or dimerise to hydrazines which fragment spontaneously, with evolution of nitrogen, to the methyl esters of the corresponding carboxylic acids.
Conceptual and Management Considerations for the Development of Urban Tree Plantings (1989)

The development of successful urban tree plantings has at least four critical components: 1) expectations and goals appropriate for cities, 2) an analysis of site-specific environmental conditions, 3) selection of taxa responsive to that set of site conditions and 4) a regular program of management. The issues involved that are both conceptual (such as our attitudes towards trees) and technical (such as the size of a planting space or the level of summer irrigation).
Stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms (1989)

A simple, reliable and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms has been developed and evaluated. The drug and the internal standard (phenobarbitone) were eluted from a 5-micron C8 reversed-phase column at ambient temperature with a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer (10 mM)-methanol-acetonitrile (50 + 28 + 22) adjusted to pH 4.8 with orthophosphoric acid. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow-rate of 1.5 ml min-1 and the effluent was monitored spectrophotometrically at 214 nm. The retention times of the internal standard and metoclopramide hydrochloride were 3.0 and 7.5 min, respectively. Quantification was achieved by measuring the peak-height ratio of the drug to the internal standard. A linear relationship was found over the range 1-10 micrograms ml-1. Within-day coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 0.50 to 1.70% and between-day CVs from 0.68 to 4.07% at three different concentrations. The developed procedure was compared with the current BP method for the assay of metoclopramide hydrochloride in tablets. The proposed method was also used to study the stability of metoclopramide hydrochloride.
A study of low-power ultra wideband radio trans-ceiver architectures (2005)

The paper studies low-power ultra wideband (UWB) transceiver architectures. First, three different architectures for the impulse-radio UWB transceiver are studied, while investigating the power-performance tradeoffs. The paper illustrates that a more power-efficient architecture should perform part of the signal processing in the analog-domain. Next, the multiband UWB transceiver is studied and power-efficient circuits for the front-end of the UWB transceiver are presented. Finally, the performance and power consumption of these transceivers are compared and a number of design indications are provided.
Cooperative Peer-to-Peer Repair for Wireless Multimedia Broadcast (2007)

This paper explores how to leverage IEEE802.11-based cooperative peer-to-peer repair (CPR) to enhance the reliability of wireless multimedia broadcasting. We first formulate the CPR problem and present an algorithm that assumes global state information to optimally schedule CPR transmissions. Based on insights gained from the optimal algorithm, we propose a fully distributed CPR (DCPR) protocol. Simulation results demonstrate that the DCPR protocol can effectively enhance the reliability of wireless broadcast services with a repair latency comparable to that of optimal scheduling.
Total synthesis of nitidine chloride (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of nitidine chlorideMark Cushman and Leung ChengCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 2, 286–288Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00396a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00396a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views534Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laser irradiation and its effects on heat transfer in heat assisted magnetic recording (2006)

Heat assisted magnetic recording is proposed to be a candidate to overcome superparamagnet effect and support terabit∕in.2 recording. However, laser heating technique induces serious challenges to build a reliable and stable head-disk interface. One of them is how to measure the temperature in the disk magnetic layer of which thickness is around the nanometer level and in a slider giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor. In this article, we propose a novel method to measure temperature in magnetic media and slider of GMR sensor. It combines material characterization by vibration scanning magnetometer and read/write performance characterization of magnetic head and disk on spin stand. Experimental results of temperature rise in the slider and locally heated region in a magnetic disk are presented. Under various laser power irradiations, glass substrate disks with/without magnetic recording layer (on one side) were used. All experiments were performed on Guzik spin stand with an attached optical system. Results indicate that the heat transfers not only from the slider to the air bearing surface but also from the locally heated magnetic disk to the slider through the air bearing. The heat distribution on the slider depends on the slider material and the laser beam location. The results also show that the resistance variation in the GMR sensor could be a good indicator to monitor slider flying height fluctuation in the future.
Survival in experimental Candida albicans infections depends on inoculum growth conditions as well as animal host (2000)

Evidence is presented that the growth medium used to prepare a Candida albicans challenge inoculum is a significant factor determining the ability of a fungus strain to gain an initial invasive hold immediately after injection into an animal host, and thus determining gross strain lethality. Three C. albicans strains, one known to be attenuated in virulence, were grown in two broth media and injected intravenously at different doses into female NMRI mice and male albino guinea pigs. For each fungus strain and challenge dose, survival was longer from inocula grown in a diluted, buffered peptone-based broth than from inocula grown in Sabouraud glucose broth. When animals were challenged intravenously with yeast doses adjusted to give the same mean survival time regardless of strain or growth medium, the progression of fungus tissue burdens (c.f.u. g−1) in kidneys, lungs, liver, spleen and brain samples was broadly similar for all three C. albicans strains but differed between the two animal hosts. The morphological form of C. albicans recovered from infected tissues differed at the level of both the fungus strain and the host tissue. Use of survival-standardized inocula provides a means of distinguishing differences in progression of experimental disseminated Candida infections that are related to the infecting strain from those related to the animal host.