gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable Surveillance Software Architecture (2006)

Video surveillance is a key technology for enhanced protection of facilities such as airports and power stations from various types of threat. Networks of thousands of IP-based cameras are now possible, but current surveillance methodologies become increasingly ineffective as the number of cameras grows. Constructing software that efficiently and reliably deals with networks of this size is a distributed information processing problem as much as it is a video interpretation challenge. This paper demonstrates a software architecture approach to the construction of large scale surveillance network software and explores the implications for instantiating surveillance algorithms at such a scale. A novel architecture for video surveillance is presented, and its efficacy demonstrated through application to an important class of surveillance algorithms.
Solution Structure of α-Conotoxin ImI by<sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1999)

alpha-Conotoxin ImI derives from the venom of Conus imperialis and is the first and only small-peptide ligand that selectively binds to the neuronal alpha7 homopentameric subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). This receptor subtype is a possible drug target for several neurological disorders. The cysteines are connected in the pairs Cys2-Cys8 and Cys3-Cys12. To date it is the only alpha-conotoxin with a 4/3 residue spacing between the cysteines. The structure of ImI has been determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy in aqueous solution. The NMR structure is of high quality, with a backbone pairwise rmsd of 0.34 A for a family of 19 structures, and comprises primarily a series of nested beta turns. Addition of organic solvent does not perturb the solution structure. The first eight residues of ImI are identical to the larger, but related, conotoxin EpI and adopt a similar structure, despite a truncated second loop. Residues important for binding of ImI to the alpha7 nAChR are all clustered on one face of the molecule. Once further binding data for EpI and ImI are available, the ImI structure will allow for design of novel alpha7 nAChR-specific agonists and antagonists with a wide range of potential pharmaceutical applications.
Studies on anti-inflammatory agents. V. A new anti-inflammatory constituent of Pyracantha crenulata Roem. (1981)

A new compound, pyracrenic acid (1), was isolated from the bark of Pyracantha crenulata ROEM. of Rosaceae by tracing its granulation-suppressive activity by the fertile egg method in the course of an extensive search among crude drugs and plants for anti-inflammatory constituents. Methylation of 1 with diazomethane-ether solution gave methyl O, O-dimethylpyracrenate (6), which was cleaved by hydrolysis into methyl betulinate (7) and O, O-dimethylcaffeic acid (8). Thus, 1 has the structure of 3β-(3, 4-dihydroxycinnamoyl) oxylup-20 (29)-en-28-oic acid. Results obtained by the cotton pellet method showed that 1 potently inhibits the formation of granulation tissue.
Evaluation of sliding baseline methods for spatial estimation for cluster detection in the biosurveillance system (2009)

The spatial estimation method should be chosen according to characteristics of the selected data streams. In this dataset with strong day-of-week effects, the overall best detection performance was achieved using subregion averages over a 28-day baseline stratified by weekday or weekend/holiday behavior. Changing the estimation method for particular scenarios involving different spatial resolution or other syndromes can yield further improvement.
Cloaking via change of variables in electric impedance tomography (2008)

A recent paper by Pendry et al (2006 Science 312 1780–2) used the coordinate invariance of Maxwell's equations to show how a region of space can be 'cloaked'—in other words, made inaccessible to electromagnetic sensing—by surrounding it with a suitable (anisotropic and heterogenous) dielectric shield. Essentially the same observation was made several years earlier by Greenleaf et al (2003 Math. Res. Lett. 10 685–93, 2003 Physiol. Meas. 24 413–9) in the closely related setting of electric impedance tomography. These papers, though brilliant, have two shortcomings: (a) the cloaks they consider are rather singular; and (b) the analysis by Greenleaf, Lassas and Uhlmann does not apply in space dimension n = 2. The present paper provides a fresh treatment that remedies these shortcomings in the context of electric impedance tomography. In particular, we show how a regular near-cloak can be obtained using a nonsingular change of variables, and we prove that the change-of-variable-based scheme achieves perfect cloaking in any dimension n ⩾ 2.
Structural analysis of hepatitis C RNA genome using DNA microarrays (2004)

Many studies have tried to identify specific nucleotide sequences in the quasispecies of hepatitis C virus (HCV) that determine resistance or sensitivity to interferon (IFN) therapy, unfortunately without conclusive results. Although viral proteins represent the most evident phenotype of the virus, genomic RNA sequences determine secondary and tertiary structures which are also part of the viral phenotype and can be involved in important biological roles. In this work, a method of RNA structure analysis has been developed based on the hybridization of labelled HCV transcripts to microarrays of complementary DNA oligonucleotides. Hybridizations were carried out at non-denaturing conditions, using appropriate temperature and buffer composition to allow binding to the immobilized probes of the RNA transcript without disturbing its secondary/tertiary structural motifs. Oligonucleotides printed onto the microarray covered the entire 5' non-coding region (5'NCR), the first three-quarters of the core region, the E2-NS2 junction and the first 400 nt of the NS3 region. We document the use of this methodology to analyse the structural degree of a large region of HCV genomic RNA in two genotypes associated with different responses to IFN treatment. The results reported here show different structural degree along the genome regions analysed, and differential hybridization patterns for distinct genotypes in NS2 and NS3 HCV regions.
Small Round Viruses: Classification and Role in Food‐Borne Infections (2007)

Since the first observation of Norwalk virus in the electron microscope in 1972, many different small virus particles in the size range 20-40 nm have been described world-wide in association with outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Progress characterizing these agents has been hampered by the relatively small numbers of particles present in clinical material and the lack of success in culturing them. Although the relationship between some of these viruses remains confusing, a number of distinct groups has emerged, based on morphological features and limited physical data. Immuno-electron microscopy has proved valuable in detecting viruses but the addition of antibody can mask surface morphological features. Examination of viruses in negatively stained preparations without added antibody has revealed distinct morphological differences and viruses previously thought to be simply antigenic variants within the Norwalk group of viruses clearly belong to other groups. Preliminary evidence suggests that one human virus unrelated to Norwalk has a single-stranded DNA genome and is a parvovirus. Some groups have been implicated in outbreaks of food-borne gastroenteritis, particularly after the consumption of shellfish, and their role in other food-borne and water-borne outbreaks is being increasingly recognized.
Stability and Electronic Properties of Imidazole‐Based Mesoionic Carbenes (2011)

Find the right balance: A series of diversely substituted imidazol-5-ylidenes have been prepared. Their stability and electron-donor properties are shown to be inversely correlated. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Humanoid robot platform suitable for studying embodied interaction (2005)

This paper presents the humanoid robot BARTHOC who has been developed to study human-robot interaction (HRI). The main focus of BARTHOC's design was to realize the expression and behavior of the robot to be as human-like as possible. This allows to apply the platform to manifold research and demonstration areas. With his human-like look and mimic possibilities, he differs from other platforms like ASIMO or QRIO, and enables experiments even close to Mori's 'uncanny valley'. The paper describes details of the mechanical and electrical design of BARTHOC together with its PC control interface. Through its humanoid appearance, it can imitate human behavior with its soft- and hardware. Currently, several components for HRI on a mobile robot platform are being ported to BARTHOC. Starting with these components, the robot's human-like appearance enables us to study embodied interaction and to explore theories of human intelligence.
Implementation of Decoders for LDPC Block Codes and LDPC Convolutional Codes Based on GPUs (2013)

In this paper, efficient LDPC block-code decoders/simulators which run on graphics processing units (GPUs) are proposed. We also implement the decoder for the LDPC convolutional code (LDPCCC). The LDPCCC is derived from a predesigned quasi-cyclic LDPC block code with good error performance. Compared to the decoder based on the randomly constructed LDPCCC code, the complexity of the proposed LDPCCC decoder is reduced due to the periodicity of the derived LDPCCC and the properties of the quasicyclic structure. In our proposed decoder architecture, Γ (Γ is a multiple of a warp) codewords are decoded together, and hence, the messages of Γ codewords are also processed together. Since all the Γ codewords share the same Tanner graph, messages of the Γ distinct codewords corresponding to the same edge can be grouped into one package and stored linearly. By optimizing the data structures of the messages used in the decoding process, both the read and write processes can be performed in a highly parallel manner by the GPUs. In addition, a thread hierarchy minimizing the divergence of the threads is deployed, and it can maximize the efficiency of the parallel execution. With the use of a large number of cores in the GPU to perform the simple computations simultaneously, our GPU-based LDPC decoder can obtain hundreds of times speedup compared with a serial CPU-based simulator and over 40 times speedup compared with an eight-thread CPU-based simulator.
Antidumping Petition: To File or Not To File (2011)

Given the â€œnormal valueâ€ of a product as common knowledge in an import-competing market, the profitability of a home firm in filing an antidumping (AD) petition against its foreign rival is shown to depend on the marginal cost differential between the home and foreign firms. When the marginal cost differential is â€œsignificantly large, â€ the home firm's ability to put the foreign firm at the risk of an AD violation is limited. But when the marginal cost differential is â€œsignificantly small, â€ the home firm is able to increase its output and lower the price of the product below its normal value, putting the foreign firm in the situation of an illegal dumping. One interesting implication is that, relative to the case without an AD law, the home firm has a stronger incentive to undertake cost-reducing activities (e.g., R&D investment or the adoption of a more efficient technology) under the law.
Assembly Dynamics of FtsZ Rings in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Effects of FtsZ-Regulating Proteins (2004)

FtsZ is the major cytoskeletal component of the bacterial cell division machinery. It forms a ring-shaped structure (the Z ring) that constricts as the bacterium divides. Previous in vivo experiments with green fluorescent protein-labeled FtsZ and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching have shown that the Escherichia coli Z ring is extremely dynamic, continually remodeling itself with a half time of 30 s, similar to microtubules in the mitotic spindle. In the present work, under different experimental conditions, we have found that the half time for fluorescence recovery of E. coli Z rings is even shorter (approximately 9 s). As before, the turnover appears to be coupled to GTP hydrolysis, since the mutant FtsZ84 protein, with reduced GTPase in vitro, showed an approximately 3-fold longer half time. We have also extended the studies to Bacillus subtilis and found that this species exhibits equally rapid dynamics of the Z ring (half time, approximately 8 s). Interestingly, null mutations of the FtsZ-regulating proteins ZapA, EzrA, and MinCD had only modest effects on the assembly dynamics. This suggests that these proteins do not directly regulate FtsZ subunit exchange in and out of polymers. In B. subtilis, only 30 to 35% of the FtsZ protein was in the Z ring, from which we conclude that a Z ring only 2 or 3 protofilaments thick can function for cell division.
<title>Halftoning by rotating non-Bayer dispersed dither arrays</title> (1995)

We propose a new operator for creating rotated dither threshold arrays. This new discrete one- to-one rotation operator is briefly explained. We analyze its application to different dispersed- dot dither arrays such as hexagonal dispersed dither arrays and 3X3 matrix-based Bayer- expanded dither arrays and compare the results with the ones obtained by rotating standard Bayer dither arrays. We show that the rotation operator introduced new lower-frequency components that, for example in the case of rotated dispersed-dot Bayer dither, produces a slight clustering effect, improving the tone reproduction behavior of the halftone patterns. In other cases, such as hexagonal dispersed dither, these new lower frequency components are responsible for strong interferences in the rotated halftone array. When applied to 3x3 matrix- based Bayer-expanded dither arrays, the rotation operator induces sequences of short horizontal and vertical patterns that have very good tone reproduction behavior in the dark tones. Besides their used in black and white printing, rotated dispersed-dot dither halftoning techniques have also been successfully applied to in-phase color reproduction on inkjet printers.
适合“自家用”的中型艇 (2012)

由于出发点是“自家用”，所以在尺寸上自然不要大的过允同时考虑到有家人随氖也不能过于偏向速度上的”疯狂”，整体来说，大小适中、做工精美、要适合出海航行，但在速度上不能过于“温和”。综合考虑，尺寸在50—60尺以内，巡航航速保持在30节左右这样的中型动力艇完全可以满足家庭、亲友聚会以及自己的“小空间”。
Channel Estimation for Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) Massive MIMO (2019)

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation outperforms orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in high-mobility scenarios. One challenge for OTFS massive MIMO is downlink channel estimation due to the required high pilot overhead. In this paper, we propose a 3D structured orthogonal matching pursuit (3D-SOMP) algorithm based channel estimation technique. First, we show that the OTFS MIMO channel exhibits 3D structured sparsity: normal sparsity along the delay dimension, block sparsity along the Doppler dimension, and burst sparsity along the angle dimension. Based on the 3D structured channel sparsity, we then formulate the downlink channel estimation problem as a sparse signal recovery problem. Simulation results show that the proposed 3D-SOMP algorithm can achieve accurate channel state information with low pilot overhead.
Cesium carbonate catalyzed efficient synthesis of quinazoline-2,4(1<i>H</i>,3<i>H</i>)-diones using carbon dioxide and 2-aminobenzonitriles (2008)

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones derivatives from 2-aminobenzonitriles with carbon dioxide using catalytic amount of cesium carbonate has been developed. 6,7-Dimethoxyquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, which is one of the key intermediate for the synthesis of several drugs (Prazosin, Bunazosin and Doxazosin) was synthesized. The effect of different reaction parameters like influences of bases, solvent, temperature, CO2 pressure and reaction time were investigated for the title reaction.
Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator RAD140 Is Neuroprotective in Cultured Neurons and Kainate-Lesioned Male Rats (2014)

The decline in testosterone levels in men during normal aging increases risks of dysfunction and disease in androgen-responsive tissues, including brain. The use of testosterone therapy has the potential to increase the risks for developing prostate cancer and or accelerating its progression. To overcome this limitation, novel compounds termed "selective androgen receptor modulators" (SARMs) have been developed that lack significant androgen action in prostate but exert agonist effects in select androgen-responsive tissues. The efficacy of SARMs in brain is largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the SARM RAD140 in cultured rat neurons and male rat brain for its ability to provide neuroprotection, an important neural action of endogenous androgens that is relevant to neural health and resilience to neurodegenerative diseases. In cultured hippocampal neurons, RAD140 was as effective as testosterone in reducing cell death induced by apoptotic insults. Mechanistically, RAD140 neuroprotection was dependent upon MAPK signaling, as evidenced by elevation of ERK phosphorylation and inhibition of protection by the MAPK kinase inhibitor U0126. Importantly, RAD140 was also neuroprotective in vivo using the rat kainate lesion model. In experiments with gonadectomized, adult male rats, RAD140 was shown to exhibit peripheral tissue-specific androgen action that largely spared prostate, neural efficacy as demonstrated by activation of androgenic gene regulation effects, and neuroprotection of hippocampal neurons against cell death caused by systemic administration of the excitotoxin kainate. These novel findings demonstrate initial preclinical efficacy of a SARM in neuroprotective actions relevant to Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative diseases.
Regressing Robust and Discriminative 3D Morphable Models with a very Deep Neural Network (2016)

The 3D shapes of faces are well known to be discriminative. Yet despite this, they are rarely used for face recognition and always under controlled viewing conditions. We claim that this is a symptom of a serious but often overlooked problem with existing methods for single view 3D face reconstruction: when applied "in the wild", their 3D estimates are either unstable and change for different photos of the same subject or they are over-regularized and generic. In response, we describe a robust method for regressing discriminative 3D morphable face models (3DMM). We use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to regress 3DMM shape and texture parameters directly from an input photo. We overcome the shortage of training data required for this purpose by offering a method for generating huge numbers of labeled examples. The 3D estimates produced by our CNN surpass state of the art accuracy on the MICC data set. Coupled with a 3D-3D face matching pipeline, we show the first competitive face recognition results on the LFW, YTF and IJB-A benchmarks using 3D face shapes as representations, rather than the opaque deep feature vectors used by other modern systems.
Antinociceptive Effect of Centrally Administered Cimetidine and Dimaprit in the Rat (1984)

Cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, administered into a lateral ventricle of the rat brain caused a significant increase in tail flick latency. Dimaprit, a specific H2 agonist, failed to counteract the analgesic effect of cimetidine. In contrast, it enhanced the effect of cimetidine and per se had marked analgesic activity. The specific opioid antagonist naloxone was without effect. Pretreatment with CaCl2 completely prevented the action of cimetidine. These findings suggest that the analgesic action of cimetidine and dimaprit is not due to specific effects on H2 receptors.
Automatic Story Segmentation of Closed-Caption Text for Semantic Content Analysis of Broadcasted Sports Video. (2002)

The recent discovery of electron vortex beams carrying quantised angular momentum in the TEM has led to an active field of research, exploring a variety of potential applications including the possibility of mapping magnetic states at the atomic scale. A prerequisite for this is the availability of atomic sized electron vortex beams at high beam current and mode purity. In this paper we present recent progress showing that by making use of the Aharonov-Bohm effect near the tip of a long single domain ferromagnetic Nickel needle, a very efficient aperture for the production of electron vortex beams can be realised. The aperture transmits more than 99% of all electrons and provides a vortex mode purity of up to 92%. Placing this aperture in the condenser plane of a state of the art Cs corrected microscope allows us to demonstrate atomic resolution HAADF STEM images with spatial resolution better than 1 Angström, in agreement with theoretical expectations and only slightly inferior to the performance of a non-vortex probe on the same instrument.
Resource provisioning based on lease preemption in InterGrid (2011)

Resource provisioning is one of the main challenges in resource sharing environments such as InterGrid. Recently, many resource management systems in resource sharing environments use lease abstraction and virtual machines for provisioning. In resource sharing environments resource providers serve requests from external (grid) users along with their own local users. The problem arises when there is not sufficient resources for local users, which have higher priority than grid users, and need resources urgently. This problem could be solved by preempting leases from grid users and allocating them to the local users. However, preempting leases entails determining which lease(s) are better choices to be preempted and what should be done with the preempted leases. To answer these questions, in this work, we propose different request types in the InterGrid environment. Then, we propose and compare several policies that determine the proper set of lease(s) for preemption. The first policy increases resource utilization as a system centric criterion. The second policy improves user satisfaction by decreasing the number of preempted leases. The third policy makes a trade-off between resource utilization and the number of lease preemption. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed preemption policies serve up to 72% more local requests without increasing the rejection ratio of grid requests.
A 7.1-fJ/Conversion-Step 88-dB SFDR SAR ADC With Energy-Free “Swap To Reset” (2017)

The digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in SAR anolog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is often dominant for both power consumption and linearity. Dedicated switching schemes can save power, but mostly focus on conversion energy, whereas the DAC reset can consume significant energy as well. This paper presents an energy-free DAC reset scheme, “swap to reset,” for charge-redistribution SAR ADCs. It is widely applicable to existing low-power switching schemes. Additionally, to limit complexity while maintaining most of the energy savings, it can be utilized for the MSBs of the DAC only while the LSBs use conventional reset. To demonstrate the scheme, it is applied to the 2 MSBs of a 12-b SAR ADC using a split-monotonic DAC in 65-nm CMOS, resulting in an energy saving of 33% for the DAC or 18% for the whole ADC. Besides the “swap to reset,” a rotation is also applied to the 2 MSBs, hence enhancing the linearity to 88-dB spurious free dynamic range. The SAR ADC operates at 0.8-V power supply and 40 kS/s, achieving an signal to noise and distortion ratio of 64.2 dB and a Figure of Merit of 7.1-fJ/conversion step.