gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Limited effects of dietary curcumin on Th-1 driven colitis in IL-10 deficient mice suggest an IL-10-dependent mechanism of protection (2008)

Curcumin (diferulolylmethane) demonstrates profound anti-inflammatory effects in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and in immune cells in vitro and exhibits a protective role in rodent models of chemically induced colitis, with its presumed primary mechanism of action via inhibition of NF-kappaB. Although it has been demonstrated effective in reducing relapse rate in ulcerative colitis patients, curcumin's effectiveness in Crohn's disease (CD) or in Th-1/Th-17 mediated immune models of CD has not been evaluated. Therefore, we investigated the effects of dietary curcumin (0.1-1%) on the development of colitis, immune activation, and in vivo NF-kappaB activity in germ-free IL-10(-/-) or IL-10(-/-);NF-kappaB(EGFP) mice colonized with specific pathogen-free microflora. Proximal and distal colon morphology showed a mild protective effect of curcumin only at 0.1%. Colonic IFN-gamma and IL-12/23p40 mRNA expression followed similar pattern ( approximately 50% inhibition at 0.1%). Secretion of IL-12/23p40 and IFN-gamma by colonic explants and mesenteric lymph node cells was elevated in IL-10(-/-) mice and was not decreased by dietary curcumin. Surprisingly, activation of NF-kappaB in IL-10(-/-) mice (phospho-NF-kappaBp65) or in IL-10(-/-);NF-kappaB(EGFP) mice (whole organ or confocal imaging) was not noticeably inhibited by curcumin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IL-10 and curcumin act synergistically to downregulate NF-kappaB activity in IEC and IL-12/23p40 production by splenocytes and dendritic cells. In conclusion, curcumin demonstrates limited effectiveness on Th-1 mediated colitis in IL-10(-/-) mice, with moderately improved colonic morphology, but with no significant effect on pathogenic T cell responses and in situ NF-kappaB activity. In vitro studies suggest that the protective effects of curcumin are IL-10 dependent.
Spectroscopic and Excited-State Properties of Luminescent Rhenium(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Containing Aromatic Diimine Ligands (1998)

Rhenium(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of the have been prepared, where L−L = 4,4‘-dimethoxy-2,2‘-bipyridine (2), 4,4‘-bis(tert-butyl)-2,2‘-bipyridine (3), 2,2‘-bipyridine (4), 4,4‘-dichloro-2,2‘-bipyridine (5), 4,4‘-bis(carbomethoxy)-2,2‘-bipyridine (6), 5-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (7), and o-phenylenebis(diphenylphosphine) (8). The molecular structures of 4, 6, and 8 have been determined by X-ray analyses and show Re−C(carbene) bond distances of 2.171(7), 2.163(4), and 2.199(6) Å, respectively. HF-SCF and MP2 calculations on the model (4m) show that the HOMO is nonbonding d(Re) and the LUMO is mainly π*(diimine) with partial pz(carbene) character. CIS calculations on the excited state of optimized 4m suggest that the lowest energy absorption originates from a HOMO to LUMO spin-forbidden transition. Complexes 2−7 are emissive at room temperature and 77 K. The room-temperature and 77 K luminescence data of 2−6 are consistent with emission from a 3MLCT state. The nature of the emission of 7 at room temperature is also 3MLCT but changes to IL at 77 K. Complex 8 does not emit at room temperature, but at 77 K, the IL π(pdpp) → π*(pdpp) emission is observed. The combination of detailed spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations reveal that the emitting state at room temperature is 3[d(Re) → π*(diimine)], with the latter exhibiting partial σ*(carbene) parentage. The excited-state energies and redox potentials can be tuned using diimine ligands with varying electron-donating/accepting abilities.
[Effects of microcystins on expression of apoptosis-associated hepatocyte genes]. (2007)

The expression change of Bcl-2 and Bax should possibly play an important role in the course of MC-LR promoting liver tumor.
Knowledge Extraction from Structured Engineering Drawings (2008)

As a typical type of structured documents, table drawings are widely used in engineering fields. Knowledge extraction of such structured documents plays an important role in automatic interpretation systems. In this paper, we propose a new knowledge extraction method based on automatically analyzing drawing layout and extracting physical or logical structures from the given engineering table drawings. Then based on the automatic interpretation results, we further propose normalization method to integrate varied types of engineering tables with other engineering drawings and extract implied domain knowledge.
Haemophilus influenzae: using comparative genomics to accurately identify a highly recombinogenic human pathogen (2015)

This study is the first of its kind to use large-scale comparative genomic analysis of Haemophilus spp. to accurately delineate H. influenzae and to identify a species-specific molecular signature for this species. The fucP assay outperforms existing H. influenzae targets, most of which were identified prior to the next-generation genomics era and thus lack validation across a large number of Haemophilus spp. We recommend use of the fucP assay in clinical and research laboratories for the most accurate detection and diagnosis of H. influenzae infection and colonisation.
Milk and meat from grass. (1984)

Components of success Grass production Utilised metabolisable energy Grazing Silage Hay Upgrading low-quality crops Winter feeding Profitable milk from grass Profitable beef from grass Profitable lamb from grass.
Near-field Raman imaging of organic molecules by an apertureless metallic probe scanning optical microscope (2002)

Near-field Raman imaging of organic molecules is demonstrated by an apertureless near-field scanning optical microscope, the tip of which is a silver-layer-coated cantilever of an atomic force microscope (AFM). The virtue of the enhanced electric field at the tip apex due to the surface plasmon polariton excitations enhances the Raman scattering cross sections. This phenomenon allows us to reveal from near-field Raman images the molecular vibrational distributions of Rhodamine6G and Crystal Violet molecules beyond the diffraction limit of a light. These molecular vibrations cannot be distinguished by AFM topographic images.
Trichostatin A - like Hydroxamate Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents: Toxicological Point of View (2004)

Modulation of chromatin structure through histone acetylation/deacetylation is known to be one of the major mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression. Two opposing enzyme activities determine the acetylation state of histones: histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively acetylating or deacetylating the epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues located in the amino-terminal tails of the histones. In general, transcriptionally active chromatin is associated with hyperacetylated histones, whilst silenced chromatin is linked to hypoacetylated histones. A number of structurally divergent classes of HDAC inhibitors have been identified. They have been shown to induce cell cycle arrest, terminal differentiation and/or apoptosis in various cancer cell lines and inhibit tumor growth in animals. In particular, the reversible HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) and its hydroxamate analogues can effectively and selectively induce tumor growth arrest at very low concentrations (nano- to micromolar range). They form a group of so-called promising antitumor agents of which some are currently under clinical trial. Since the selection of a molecule for further drug development requires a balance of biological potency, safety and pharmacokinetics, it is of paramount importance to elucidate the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of these HDAC inhibitors before they can be considered as potential new drugs. Primary hepatocytes and their cultures are well-differentiated in vitro models and can be used to study simultaneously the biological effects of HDAC inhibitors and their biotransformation. The present review provides a state-of-the-art of our current knowledge of the pharmacological and toxicological effects on proliferating cells of TSA and its hydroxamate-based structural analogues. Besides a theoretical basis, an overview of the experimental results, obtained by the authors using primary rat hepatocytes as an in vitro model, is given.
The Root Knot Nematode Resistance Gene <i>Mi</i> from Tomato Is a Member of the Leucine Zipper, Nucleotide Binding, Leucine-Rich Repeat Family of Plant Genes (1998)

The Mi locus of tomato confers resistance to root knot nematodes. Tomato DNA spanning the locus was isolated as bacterial artificial chromosome clones, and 52 kb of contiguous DNA was sequenced. Three open reading frames were identified with similarity to cloned plant disease resistance genes. Two of them, Mi-1.1 and Mi-1.2, appear to be intact genes; the third is a pseudogene. A 4-kb mRNA hybridizing with these genes is present in tomato roots. Complementation studies using cloned copies of Mi-1.1 and Mi-1.2 indicated that Mi-1.2, but not Mi-1.1, is sufficient to confer resistance to a susceptible tomato line with the progeny of transformants segregating for resistance. The cloned gene most similar to Mi-1.2 is Prf, a tomato gene required for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Prf and Mi-1.2 share several structural motifs, including a nucleotide binding site and a leucine-rich repeat region, that are characteristic of a family of plant proteins, including several that are required for resistance against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and now, nematodes.
The Korean War (2013)

 Tens of thousands of US soldiers and untold millions of Koreans died in this war the first major arena of the East-West conflict. This concise international history of the war offers a new approach to its understanding, tracing its origins and dynamics to the interplay between modern Korean history and twentieth century world history. The narrative also uniquely examines the social history of the conflict, and includes material on the newly racially integrated US fighting forces, war and disease, women and war and life in the Prisoner of War camps. While most surveys stop at 1953, with the signing of the armistice, Steven Hugh Lee carries the story through to the Geneva Conference in the spring of 1954 the last major international effort before recent years to negotiate a permanent peace for the Korean peninsula.
The Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018 Part 1 and Beyond: A Critical Review (2019)

Abstract On 19 July 2018, the Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018 (AEVA) received Royal Assent. As motor vehicles are becoming increasingly technologically based, with driving aids having taken over many of the more mundane (and possibly dangerous) aspects of driving from the driver, it is imperative that legislation keeps pace to determine the responsibilities of the parties. Motor insurance provides protection for those involved with vehicles and who may suffer harm, injury, and loss due to the negligence of the actors. This is most frequently driver error, but may also include manufacturing defects, which result in deaths and less serious injuries. It is also here where the intersection between torts and insurance laws needs careful management. It would be particularly unfair to ask drivers or third-party victims of motor vehicle accidents to seek redress from a manufacturer for losses incurred during the actions of an autonomous vehicle. Consumer law has historically removed this burden from affected consumers and it is entirely sensible for the law to protect individuals in an emerging field—and perhaps even more so given the trajectory of vehicles with driver-enabled qualities and the numbers of vehicles currently featuring such innovations. Yet, the AEVA consists of aspects which are troubling in respect of the motor insurance industry’s dominance of this market, the application of compulsory insurance, and exclusions and limitations to responsibility which expose policy holders and victims to EU-breaching levels of risk.
Development of Chromium and Aluminum Coatings on Superalloys by Pack-Cementation Technique (2011)

Austenitic nickel-iron-chromium based superalloys are materials of choice for high temperature applications as they provide high temperature creep resistance associated with a suitable oxidation behavior in the temperature range of 600-1100°C. However, these properties are not sufficient for applications as Steam Methane Reformer (SMR). As a consequence, aluminum and chromium coatings are developed by the pack-cementation technique to improve their corrosion resistance. The oxidation behavior of the coated samples has been carried out in air at 1050°C. Chromium deposition leads to a layer of bcc chromium-iron solid solution. Oxidation tests indicated that a too high chromium concentration induces a too rapid growth of the chromia layer. In the case of aluminum coatings, a layer of -NiAl is formed at the surface of the alloy. It permits a significant decrease of the oxidation rate.
Stability and Structure of Activated Macrocycles. Ligands with Biological Applications (1996)

Single p-toluic acid pendant groups were attached to 1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane (15aneN5) and 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) to prepare bifunctional reagents for radiolabeling monoclonal antibodies with (64,67)Cu. The ligands are 1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane-1-(alpha-1,4-toluic acid) (PCBA) and 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1-(alpha-1,4-toluic acid) (CPTA). For the parent macrocycles and their pendant arm derivatives, the 1:1 Cu(2+) complexes dissociate only below pH 2. At pH 0.0 and 25 degrees C the CPTA-Cu complex has a half-life toward complete dissociation of 24 days. A new approach was developed for the estimation of the Cu(2+) stability constant for the kinetically robust CPTA. All other formation constants were determined at 25.0 degrees C with batch spectrophotometric techniques. Potentiometric titrations were used to determine the protonation constants of the macrocyclic ligands as well as of the metal chelates. The protonation constants, stability constants, and pM's are discussed in terms of both molecular mechanics calculations and the ligands' potential applicability as copper(II) radiopharmaceuticals.
p38 MAPK turns hepatocyte growth factor to a death signal that commits ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapy‐induced apoptosis (2006)

We recently showed that Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), known as a survival factor, unexpectedly enhances apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells treated with the front-line chemotherapeutics cisplatin (CDDP) and paclitaxel (PTX). Here we demonstrate that this effect depends on the p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK). In fact, p38 MAPK activity is stimulated by HGF and further increased by the combined treatment with HGF and either CDDP or PTX. The expression of a dominant negative form of p38 MAPK abrogates apoptosis elicited by drugs, alone or in combination with HGF. HGF and drugs also activate the ERK1/2 MAPKs, the PI3K/AKT and the AKT substrate mTOR. However, activation of these survival pathways does not hinder the ability of HGF to enhance drug-dependent apoptosis. Altogether data show that p38 MAPK is necessary for HGF sensitization of ovarian cancer cells to low-doses of CDDP and PTX and might be sufficient to overcome activation of survival pathways. Therefore, the p38 MAPK pathway might be a suitable target to improve response to conventional chemotherapy in human ovarian cancer.
Protection of fatty acids against ruminal biohydrogenation in cattle (2007)

Abstract The increased need for intestinal absorption of unsaturated fatty acids in cattle is driven mainly by nutritional guidelines that promote reduced intake of saturated fatty acids by humans, and by reports of enhanced animal performance (such as reproductive performance) when additional essential fatty acids are supplied. A duodenal flow dataset was compiled from 25 published studies that provided up to 93 observations on fatty acid intakes and ruminal outflows across a multitude of unprotected and protected fat sources. Control diets with no added fat and diets containing unprotected fat sources had similar and predictable ruminal losses of unsaturated fatty acids (86% for linolenic and oleic acids, and 82% for linoleic acids). Rumen protection technologies that have emerged over the years involve either encapsulation of unsaturated fatty acids inside a microbial‐resistant shell (such as formaldehyde‐treated or lipid encapsulated), or alteration of fatty acid structure (such as calcium salts or fatty amides) to resist action of microbial enzymes. Calcium salts of fatty acids, because they are available commercially, comprised the majority of observations in the duodenal flow dataset. Meta‐analysis of the duodenal dataset that included random study effects revealed only a few instances where protected fat sources gave ruminal losses of polyunsaturated fatty acids that were appreciably lower than what was seen for unprotected fats. Future challenges include enhancing protection characteristics of existing rumen‐protected fat sources, and development and commercialization of novel protection strategies.
Use of the alkaline in vivo Comet assay for mechanistic genotoxicity investigations (2003)

The alkaline Comet assay was used to investigate the in vivo genotoxicity of 17 compounds. Altogether 21 studies were conducted with these compounds. The investigations were triggered for various reasons. The main reason for performing the studies was to evaluate the in vivo relevance of in vitro genotoxicity findings with 10 compounds. Eight of these compounds showed no effects in the in vivo Comet assay while two compounds induced altered DNA migration patterns in specific organs. The remaining seven compounds were tested to follow up on neoplastic/preneoplastic or chronic toxicity changes as detected in specific target organs identified in rodent studies, to investigate the possibility of site-of-contact genotoxicity and to test the liver as a target organ for a suspected reactive metabolite. For the studies, various organs of rodents were analyzed, depending on the suspected properties of the compounds, including liver, jejunum, leukocytes, stomach mucosa, duodenum, lung and kidney. All tissues were amenable to investigation by gel electrophoresis after simple disaggregation of organs by means of mincing or, in the case of epithelial cells from the gastrointestinal tract, scraping off cells from the epithelium. In conclusion, the Comet assay was found to be a reliable and robust test to investigate in vivo genotoxicity in a variety of rodent organs. Therefore, it is concluded that in vivo Comet assay data are useful for elucidating positive in vitro genotoxicity findings and to evaluate genotoxicity in target organs of toxicity.
3-D electromagnetic field modeling based on near field measurements (2002)

This paper presents a practical 3-D electromagnetic field modeling technique based on a phaseless "near field/far field" (NF/FF) transform where field values are computed from a limited set of near field measurements taken in the vicinity of the "device under test" (DUT). A non-invasive computer vision technique for the recovery of the 3-D position parameters of the EM probe which scans the near field around the DUT is finally presented.
Glutathione: biosynthesis, metabolism and relationship to stress tolerance explored in transformed plants (1998)

Crucial roles in sulphur metabolism and plant defence have been described in recent years for the tripeptide thiol glutathione. In spite of this, the metabolism of glutathione and its response to stress conditions remained only partly understood. In many plants, one of the major difficulties in studying the control of glutathione synthesis is the low extractable activities of the enzymes involved. Consequently, several groups have exploited transformation technology using genes for the enzymes of glutathione synthesis or reduction. This approach has allowed the production of plants with systematically enhanced levels of glutathione (up to 4-fold higher than untransformed controls) and has permitted numerous insights into the control of glutathione synthesis or reduction state and its interaction with other areas of primary or defensive metabolism.
Passive motion of the elbow joint (1976)

A previously unreported method of measuring three-dimensional motion of joints, applied to two elbows obtained post mortem, showed that during flexion there is a continuous and linear change in the carrying angle, the forearm going into varus angulation as elbow flexion progresses. In addition, internal axial rotation of the forearm occurs near the beginning and external axial rotation, toward the end of flexion. With the elbow extended, the ulna shows little tendency to deviate laterally or to rotate axially during pronation and supination. The axis of rotation during elbow flexion lies approximately at the center of the trochlea.
Heterojunctions of Amorphous Silicon and Silicon Single Crystals (1974)

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Analysis of a novel intersection waveguide‐type optical polarization splitter using birefringence of GaInAsP/InP superlattice (1996)

Abstract A novel intersection waveguide‐type polarization splitter based on total reflection using the birefringence of the GaInAsP/InP superlattice waveguide is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The semivectorial finite difference beam propagation method (FD‐BPM) (which handles both TE and TM modes) is used in the analysis. The waveguide structure including the GaInAsP/InP superlattice is designed; and it is shown that, although with a superlattice core the refractive index for the TM mode is reduced by approximately 0.4 percent, there is no change for the TE mode. Based on this result, the optimal structural parameters such as superlattice layer number, rib height ( h ), intersecting angle (θ), and port separation length ( L sp ) are investigated using a 1.55μm wavelength. It is found that the TE and TM modes can be separated with an insertion loss of less than 0.4 dB for both modes and a crosstalk of less than −35 dB using an intersecting angle of 5° and a device length of approximately 0.9 mm. It is shown that compared to conventional devices, the device length in the proposed device structure can be reduced by using total reflection. The wavelength dependence of the device is also analyzed.
Asymptotic Theory for Estimating the Persistent Parameter in the Fractional Vasicek Model (2016)

Published in Econometric Theory, Volume 35, Issue 1, February 2019 , pp. 198-231. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266466618000051
Study of the synergistic anti-inflammatory activity of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad and Wendl and Cassia fistula Linn (2010)

As revealed by the isobolograms, both the combinations fell below the additivity line, which indicates synergistic interactions between Solanum xanthocarpum and Cassia fistula extracts. Interaction indices of both combinations were observed to be <1, which re-demonstrated the synergistic effects of the combination.