gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Necessary multidisciplinary management of diabetic foot]. (2001)

The pathogenesis of diabetic foot is multifactorial and optimal management requires a multidisciplinary team. In most cases, the diabetic foot complication is seen as a wound subsequent to trauma, less often as an acute neuroarthropathy or cellulitis without any apparent skin lesion. Patients look for medical care more or less rapidly, depending on the information received previously concerning foot problems. The patient may consult a general practitioner or sometimes directly attend a diabetic foot clinic. The efficiency of treatment depends on early diagnosis, a specific etiology-guided approach to wound care and management of diabetes mellitus. A multidisciplinary team is needed to provide optimal care for foot wounds and neurological, vascular and infections complications, and to control blood glucose in a global approach to management of the diabetic patient. The team must coordinate the actions of its different members, the goal for all being to obtain not only foot healing but also optimal foot function. This requires experience in surgery of the diabetic foot. Creation of special diabetic foot units has been proposed to manage diabetic patients with foot pathologies as outpatients or inpatients when necessary.
A Simple Method for the Removal of Rabbit Corneal Epithelium Utilizing n-Heptanol (1979)

A new method for removing corneal epithelial cells, using n-heptanol, is faster, more precise, and less damaging than scraping, which is the usual method of removing surface epithelium. We compared the results of n-heptanol removal with those of epithelial scraping, using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Heptanol, unlike scraping, does not damage either the basement membrane or the extracellular stromal components. The rate of healing of corneal epithelium after heptanol treatment is similar to published observations of scraped corneas. Both scraping and heptanol destroy keratocytes, which underlie the basement membrane.
Haemophilus influenzae type b carriage and immunity four years after receiving the Haemophilus influenzae oligosaccharide-CRM197 (HbOC) conjugate vaccine (1993)

Late in 1991, before the implementation of a national immunization program against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in the United Kingdom, we performed a 4-year follow-up of 120 children who in 1987 had been enrolled in an immunogenicity trial in which 60 of them (vaccinees) received an Hib conjugate vaccine (HbOC) at the same time as diphtheria-tetanus toxoid-pertussis vaccine at the ages of 3, 5 and 9 months. Sixty others (controls) received only diphtheria-tetanus toxoid-pertussis vaccine at the same ages and were not subsequently immunized against Hib. We investigated Hib pharyngeal colonization using the antiserum agar method and the concentrations of serum IgG antibody to the type b capsule by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At 4 years of age the Hib colonization rates in vaccinees and controls were 8% (5 of 60) and 5% (3 of 60), respectively. The children colonized with Hib had greater serum anti-capsular IgG concentrations than did noncolonized children (P < 0.001), and colonized vaccinees tended to have higher concentrations than colonized controls (P = 0.053). Regardless of Hib colonization status vaccinees had greater antibody concentrations than controls (P < 0.001). Forty-nine percent of vaccinees had an antibody concentration > 1 microgram/ml. There was an inverse relationship between the Hib colony count on culture and the serum IgG concentration. These data indicate that the increase in serum antibody concentration after immunization with an Hib conjugate vaccine is sustained and that immunization primes for a booster response on exposure to Hib. There may be a relationship between previous Hib conjugate immunization and the density of Hib colonization in children.
Oleate Hydratase Catalyzes the Hydration of a Nonactivated Carbon-Carbon Bond (2009)

The hydration of oleic acid into 10-hydroxystearic acid was originally described for a Pseudomonas cell extract almost half a century ago. In the intervening years, the enzyme has never been characterized in any detail. We report here the isolation and characterization of oleate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.53) from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica.
A 16b ΣΔ pipeline ADC with 2.5 MHz output data-rate (2002)

A 16b 2.5 MHz A/D converter in 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS addresses the need for wide dynamic range A/D converters with bandwidths in excess of 1 MHz in multi-tone communication. This A/D converter combines the advantages of /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ and pipeline A/D conversion techniques to provide wide dynamic range at a low-oversampling ratio. The device operates at a 20 MHz clock rate, 2.5 MHz output rate (8/spl times/ oversampling), and provides 89 dB SNR over a 1.25 MHz input bandwidth.
Design and Implementation of the Location-Based Personalized Social Media Service (2010)

Although the conventional Social Network Services (SNS) provides a solution for internetworking social users to share information and social media contents based on the Web, there are further requirements to support increasing demands of social users with commencing Web 2.0 and ubiquitous computing technologies. Especially with increasing popularity of the User Created Contents (UCC) and handheld mobile devices, there are requirements for supporting active media streaming services with smart phones based on the personalized SNS services. In order to overcome the limitations of the traditional SNS services, the paper proposes methods to provide a personalized Social UCC service based on the locality and sociality relations with relationship, active information and knowledge management based on the ontology schemes. To do so, the paper proposes and implements a social media platform that composed of GPS equipped smart phones, a social media server system, and an integrated service ontology for providing the personalized Social UCC service.
Evolution of β-Cell Dysfunction in the Male Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat (1995)

The molecular basis for the beta-cell dysfunction that characterizes non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is unknown. The Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) male rat is a rodent model of NIDDM with a predictable progression from the prediabetic to the diabetic state. We are using this model to study beta-cell function during the development of diabetes with the goal of identifying genes that play a key role in regulating insulin secretion and, thus, may be potential targets for therapeutic intervention aimed at preserving or improving beta-cell function. As a first step, we have characterized morphology, insulin secretion, and pattern of gene expression in islets from prediabetic and diabetic ZDF rats. The development of diabetes was associated with changes in islet morphology, and the islets of diabetic animals were markedly hypertrophic with multiple irregular projections into the surrounding exocrine pancreas. In addition, there were multiple defects in the normal pattern of insulin secretion. The islets of prediabetic ZDF rats secreted significantly more insulin at each glucose concentration tested and showed a leftward shift in the dose-response curve relating glucose concentration and insulin secretion. Islets of prediabetic animals also demonstrated defects in the normal oscillatory pattern of insulin secretion, indicating the presence of impairment of the normal feedback control between glucose and insulin secretion. The islets from diabetic animals showed further impairment in the ability to respond to a glucose stimulus. Changes in gene expression were also evident in islets from prediabetic and diabetic ZDF rats compared with age-matched control animals. In prediabetic animals, there was no change in insulin mRNA levels. However, there was a significant 30-70% reduction in the levels of a large number of other islet mRNAs including glucokinase, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, voltage-dependent Ca2+ and K+ channels, Ca(2+)-ATPase, and transcription factor Islet-1 mRNAs. In addition, there was a 40-50% increase in the levels of glucose-6-phosphatase and 12-lipoxygenase mRNAs. There were further changes in gene expression in the islets from diabetic ZDF rats, including a decrease in insulin mRNA levels that was associated with reduced islet insulin levels. Our results indicate that multiple defects in beta-cell function can be detected in islets of prediabetic animals well before the development of hyperglycemia and suggest that changes in the normal pattern of gene expression contribute to the development of beta-cell dysfunction.
Pretreatment Fasting Plasma Glucose Modifies Dietary Weight Loss Maintenance Success: Results from a Stratified RCT (2017)

Objective Levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FI) were studied as diet‐specific prognostic markers for successful weight loss maintenance in participants with overweight. Methods After losing ≥ 8% of body weight, participants received one of three ad libitum diets for 6 months: (1) a moderate‐fat diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA); a low‐fat, high‐fiber diet (Nordic Nutrition Recommendations [NNR]); and the Average Danish Diet (ADD). Participants were categorized as having low (< 90 mg/dL) or high (90‐105 mg/dL) FPG based on preintervention values. Median FI among those having high FPG was used as a cutoff for FI (FI ≤ 50 pmol/L; FI > 50 pmol/L). Results Participants with low FPG and randomized to MUFA, NNR, and ADD regained similarly 2.1 to 2.5 kg after 6 months. By contrast, participants with high FPG and randomized to MUFA, NNR, and ADD regained 2.73 kg (95% CI 1.33 to 4.13; P < 0.001), −0.05 kg (95% CI −1.95 to 1.86; P = 0.96), and 4.16 kg (95% CI 2.27 to 6.06; P < 0.001) after 6 months, respectively, resulting in lower weight regain on NNR compared to ADD (−4.21 kg [95% CI −6.83 to −1.59]; P = 0.002) and MUFA (95% CI −2.77 kg [−5.12 to −0.43]; P = 0.020). The addition of FI strengthened these associations. Conclusions Slightly elevated pretreatment FPG determined success in dietary weight loss maintenance among overweight patients on ad libitum diets differing in macronutrient and fiber content.
Simplified three‐dimensional simulation of non‐isothermal filling in metal injection moulding by the finite element method (1996)

Abstract The non‐isothermal filling of a powder/binder mixture in metal injection moulding is simulated by the viscoplastic and the heat conduction finite element methods. Proposes a simplified three‐dimensional scheme for the moulding of products with a non‐uniform thickness distribution. The computing time for the simplified three‐dimensional scheme is of the same order as that for two‐dimensional problems. Deals with complex overlapping between the surfaces of the mixture, resulting from the occurrence of jetting during the moulding, by the use of a remeshing scheme. The material flow in metal injection moulding into a rectangular die with a linear thickness distribution is simulated. The jetting behaviour is remarkably influenced by the thickness distribution of the die.
Simple Optical Devices for Detection of Radiofrequency Oxygen Plasma Stripping of Photoresists (1977)

In an earlier paper, a spectroscopic technique was presented for studying the removal of negative photoresists from silicon wafers using a radiofrequency (RF) oxygen plasma. The potential application of the technique to a wide variety of manufacturing situations became quite evident especially for monitoring and controlling various stripping and etching operations induced by highly energetic plasma. It was also evident that if the technique was to enjoy wide usage in the manufacture of various integrated circuits, for example, a much more compact detection system would be necessary. Two rather versatile devices satisfying this need are described briefly here.
HIGH-EFFICIENCY WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSMISSION USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE BASED ON NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX METAMATERIAL (2010)

In this paper, a high-efficiency wireless energy transmission via magnetic resonance is implemented by using negative permeability metamaterial structures. The metamaterial structure is consisted of a three-dimensional (3D) periodic array of the unit cell that the capacitively loaded split ring resonators (CLSRRs) are periodically arranged in the cubic dielectric surfaces. This metamaterial structure has the negative permeability property that matches free space, which is used as a magnetic flux guide in order to enhance the efficiency of energy transmission between a source and distant receiving coil. The efficiency of energy transmission is improved as reducing the radiation loss by focusing the magnetic field to a distant receiving coil. The distance able to transport the energy with maintaining the same efficiency has been increased by the same mechanism. The efficiency of energy transmission is approximately 80% at a transmission distance of 1.5 m.
A Multiethnic Cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles: Baseline Characteristics (2000)

The authors describe the design and implementation of a large multiethnic cohort established to study diet and cancer in the United States. They detail the source of the subjects, sample size, questionnaire development, pilot work, and approaches to future analyses. The cohort consists of 215,251 adult men and women (age 45-75 years at baseline) living in Hawaii and in California (primarily Los Angeles County) with the following ethnic distribution: African-American (16.3%), Latino (22.0%), Japanese-American (26.4%), Native Hawaiian (6.5%), White (22.9%), and other ancestry (5.8%). From 1993 to 1996, participants entered the cohort by completing a 26-page, self-administered mail questionnaire that elicited a quantitative food frequency history, along with demographic and other information. Response rates ranged from 20% in Latinos to 49% in Japanese-Americans. As expected, both within and among ethnic groups, the questionnaire data show substantial variations in dietary intakes (nutrients as well as foods) and in the distributions of non-dietary risk factors (including smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical activity). When compared with corresponding ethnic-specific cancer incidence rates, the findings provide tentative support for several current dietary hypotheses. As sufficient numbers of cancer cases are identified through surveillance of the cohort, dietary and other hypotheses will be tested in prospective analyses.
Role of APOBEC3G/F-Mediated Hypermutation in the Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Elite Suppressors (2007)

While many studies show that the APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases can inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication, the clinical significance of this host defense mechanism is unclear. Elite suppressors are HIV-1-infected individuals who maintain viral loads below 50 copies/ml without antiretroviral therapy. To determine the role of APOBEC3G/F proteins in the control of viremia in these patients, we used a novel assay to measure the frequency of hypermutated proviral genomes. In most elite suppressors, the frequency was not significantly different than that observed in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Thus, enhanced APOBEC3 activity alone cannot explain the ability of elite suppressors to control viremia.
Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cholera-related enterotoxins in Salmonella typhimurium (1986)

We report a rapid competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to screen Salmonella typhimurium strains for cholera-related enterotoxin antigens. Polymyxin B extracts of bacterial cells from syncase-glucose broth cultures of 7 of 15 strains gave positive results. The specificity of the test was confirmed with known heat-labile-enterotoxin-positive and -negative Escherichia coli strains which gave significantly different values.
Local Anesthesia in Rhinoplasty: A New Twist? (1992)

Twenty volunteers were asked to compare pain upon injection during septorhinoplasty using buffered versus unbuffered local anesthetics. The concentration of the buffer was one part sodium bicarbonate to five parts local. The surgeons performing the operation were asked to identify any difference in hemostasis or duration of anesthesia. Eighteen of twenty patients found the buffered anesthetic to be less painful and better tolerated. No difference in hemostasis or duration of action was noted between the buffered or unbuffered solution, however, faster onset of action was noted with the buffered solution. The addition of sodium bicarbonate as a buffering agent to the local anesthetics lidocaine and bupivacaine can significantly reduce pain upon injection. A solution of 5cc 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, 5cc 0.25% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine, and 2cc of 7.5% sodium bicarbonate mixed just prior to injection is a safe, effective, less painful local anesthetic with rapid onset of action and full efficacy.
Prevention of in vitro neutrophil-endothelial attachment through shedding of L-selectin by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. (1995)

The activation of the endothelial cells by extravascular stimuli is the key event in the extravasation of circulating leukocytes to target tissues. L-selectin, a member of the selectin family, is constitutively expressed by white cells, and is the molecule involved in the initial binding of leukocytes to activated endothelium. After activation, leukocytes rapidly release L-selectin from the cell surface, suggesting that the functional activity of this molecule is controlled in large part by its appearance and disappearance from cell surface. We have studied in a neutrophil-activated endothelial cell binding assay, the effect of different antiinflammatory drugs (steroidal and nonsteroidal) in the L-selectin-mediated interaction of neutrophils with activated endothelial cells. Some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin, diclofenac, ketoprofen, and aspirin, but not steroids, strongly inhibited the neutrophil-endothelial cell attachment. Furthermore, we also investigated the underlying mechanism of this functional effect. The expression of L-selectin on the neutrophil surface rapidly decreased in the presence of different NSAIDs, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas no changes in the expression of other adhesion molecules such as CD11a, CD11b, CD31, or ICAM-3 (CD50) were observed. Interestingly, studies in vivo on healthy volunteers treated with physiological doses of indomethacin showed a significant decrease of L-selectin neutrophil expression. Only diclofenac induced an upregulation of CD11b expression, suggesting an activating effect on neutrophils. No enzyme release was observed upon treatment of neutrophils with different NSAIDs, indicating a lack of degranulatory activity of NSAIDs, with the exception of diclofenac. The downregulation of L-selectin expression was due to the rapid cleavage and shedding of the membrane L-selectin, as determined by both immunoprecipitation from 125I-labeled neutrophils, and quantitative estimation in cell-free supernatants. These results suggest that NSAIDs exert a specific action on adhesion receptor expression in neutrophils, which might account, at least in part, for the antiinflammatory activities of NSAIDs.
The potential of dynamic power and sub-carrier assignments in multi-user OFDM-FDMAa cells (2005)

OFDM systems are known to overcome the impairment of the wireless channel by splitting the given system bandwidth into parallel sub-carriers, on which data symbols can be transmitted simultaneously. This enables the possibility of enhancing the system's performance by deploying adaptive (dynamic) mechanisms, namely power and modulation adaption and dynamic sub-carrier assignments. In multi-user communication systems (OFDM-FDMA), these mechanisms can be used to achieve a level of system fairness ensuring that each terminal receives at least an environment-specific minimum amount of data per down-link phase. However, it has been doubted by multiple previous investigations that dynamic power adaption provides enough performance gain in order to be applied in such systems, as it increases the computational load significantly. In this study we discuss the performance gain due to the different approaches and show that in specific communication scenarios enabling a dynamic power distribution provides a significant performance increase compared to dynamic schemes without power adaption
<title>Phase-locked array of 25 broad-area lasers</title> (2002)

We will report experimental results on the coherent laser operation of a bar of broad area lasers. The array is 1 cm wide and consists of 25 lasers of 200 micrometer width each. Under normal conditions the lasers possess no mutual coupling and, therefore, emit incoherently. The resulting beam quality is correspondingly very low and typically more than 2000-fold diffraction-limited. To coherently couple the emitters we operate them in an external cavity. Inside the cavity a multiplexing and mutual coupling is achieved by means of a 16 level diffractive optic (DO) designed as a 1:25 beam splitter. We show that a stable phase-locked laser mode can build up inside the resonator. Its pronounced central angular emission lobe possesses a beam quality of approximately 60 times diffraction limit. In a passive setup, in which the internal dynamics of the broad area lasers can be suppressed by use of a seeding laser of good beam quality (M<SUP>2</SUP><2), the central emission lobe is better than five times diffraction-limited.
Fidaxomicin inhibits toxin production in Clostridium difficile (2012)

Both fidaxomicin and OP-1118 are able to inhibit toxin production in vitro, which may explain prior post-treatment observations of less frequent detectable toxin in fidaxomicin-treated patients (27 subjects) than those treated with vancomycin (8 patients).
Phage-induced Appearance of a Valyl sRNA Synthetase Activity in Escherichia coli (1966)

One important question in the molecular biology of viruses is whether they utilize the translating machinery of their host cell to make protein. The isolation in our laboratory of mutants of Escherichia coli possessing damaged aminoacyl sRNA synthetases for glycine, histidine, phenylalanine, and valine has provided the first opportunity to explore this problem in at least the coliphages.
Hybrid zinc oxide:Cu-phthalocyanine bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic device (2014)

The effects of the GZO:CuPC bulk-heterojunction were demonstrated in the change in surface potential and improvement of the photovoltaic performance.
Estimating Tooth Wear From Roller Cone Bit Vibration (1990)

Abstract This paper describes the development of processing techniques to extract roller cone bit wear information from near-bit force and acceleration measurements. Laboratory data have been col-lected for bits in a variety of wear states operating in a small atmospheric drilling machine and under the simulated downhole conditions provided by a fullscale drilling test station. This has given information on how bit cone speed increases as the wear process progressively reduces the cone radius. Recent studies are reported and the detailed dynamic features of force mea-surements made on laboratory drilling machines are described. The improved understanding of the nature of the bit signature has led to the development of novel processing techniques for the detection of bit wear from near-bit measurements. A com-parison with results obtained from bit modelling work is also presented.