gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FD-TD modeling of 2-D dielectric waveguides for propagation and scattering of femtosecond optical solitons (1993)

Experimentalists have produced all-optical switches capable of 100-fs responses. To adequately model such switches, nonlinear effects in optical materials (both instantaneous and dispersive) must be included. In principle, the behavior of electromagnetic fields in nonlinear dielectrics can be determined by solving Maxwell's equations subject to the assumption that the electric polarization has a nonlinear relation to the electric field. However, until our previous work, the resulting nonlinear Maxwell's equations have not been solved directly. Rather, approximations have been made that result in a class of generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equations (GNLSE) that solve only for the envelope of the optical pulses. In this paper, we present first-time calculations from the vector nonlinear Maxwell's equations of femtosecond soliton propagation and scattering, including carrier waves, in two-dimensional systems of dielectric waveguides exhibiting the Kerr and Raman quantum effects. We use the finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) method in an extension of our 1-D work. There, in a fundamental innovation, we treated the linear and nonlinear convolutions for the electric polarization as new dependent variables. By differentiating these convolutions in the time domain, we derived an equivalent system of coupled, nonlinear second-order ODE's. These equations together with Maxwell's equations form the system that is solved to determine the electromagnetic fields in inhomogeneous nonlinear dispersive media. Backstorage in time is limited to only that needed by the time-integration algorithm for the ODE's, rather than that needed to store the time-history of the kernel functions of the convolutions (1000-10,000 time steps). Thus, a 2-D nonlinear optics model from Maxwell's equations is now feasible.
The Synthesis of Some Novel Substituted Benzochromene Derivatives (2003)

Quinonemethides generated from 6-bromo-2-[( N,N-dibenzylamino)methyl]naphthalen-1-ol (5) and 1-( N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)naphthalen-2-ol (1) react in inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reactions with substituted styrenes, N-vinylimidazole, and butyl vinyl ether, to afford the expected dihydro-benzo[ h] and -benzo[ f] chromenes in 36–53% yields.
Kjeldahl Method for Organic Nitrogen (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKjeldahl Method for Organic NitrogenR. B. BradstreetCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 1, 185–187Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60085a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60085a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4240Altmetric-Citations284LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Endotoxin Mediated-iNOS Induction Causes Insulin Resistance via ONOO− Induced Tyrosine Nitration of IRS-1 in Skeletal Muscle (2010)

Our work demonstrates that iNOS-mediated tyrosine nitration of IRS-1 is a key mechanism of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in endotoxemia, and presents nitrosative modification of insulin signaling proteins as a novel therapeutic target for combating muscle insulin resistance in inflammatory settings.
Phase I-II Study of Oxaliplatin, Fludarabine, Cytarabine, and Rituximab Combination Therapy in Patients With Richter's Syndrome or Fludarabine-Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2008)

The OFAR regimen is highly active in RS and has activity in fludarabine-refractory patients with CLL. This regimen warrants further investigation in the treatment of these disorders.
Characteristics of inhibition of human renal adenosine triphosphatases by cisplatin and chloroplatinic acid. (1984)

Cisplatin and chloroplatinic acid were examined for in vitro inhibition of human renal microsomal adenosine triphosphatases activated by Na+ + K+ + Mg2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. The concentrations of cisplatin to inhibit 50% of activity (I50) were approximately 7 X 10(-4) M for all enzymes studied; I50s of chloroplatinic acid were on the order of 10(-5) M for Na+ + K+ + Mg2+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase and 10(-7) M for Mg2+ ATPase in the presence of Na+ + K+ + ouabain. Inhibition of Na+ + K+ + Mg2+ ATPase by cisplatin or chloroplatinic acid was reversible and was not altered by varying Na+, K+, or Mg2+ concentrations; ATP or MgATP increased inhibition by cisplatin but not by chloroplatinic acid; acidic pH of 6.8 lowered inhibition by chloroplatinic acid but not by cisplatin. Cysteine, glutathione (-SH reagents), and ascorbic acid greatly reduced inhibition of all enzymes studied by chloroplatinic acid; in the case of cisplatin, -SH reagents had only a minimal protective effect but ascorbic acid somewhat increased inhibition. Methionine greatly increased inhibition by cisplatin but provided minimal protection in the case of chloroplatinic acid. In view of the hypothesis that inhibition of renal Na+ + K+ ATPase may be associated with tubular damage, the inhibition of Na+ + K+ ATPase may be relevant to the mechanism of platinum toxicity.
A metric map of humans: 23,500 loci in 850 bands (1996)

High-resolution maps integrated with the enhanced location data base software (LDB+) give improved estimates of genetic parameters and reveal characteristics of cytogenetic bands. Chiasma interference is intermediate between Kosambi and Carter-Falconer levels, as in Drosophila and the mouse. The autosomal genetic map is 2832 and 4348 centimorgans in males and females, respectively. Telomeric T-bands are strikingly associated with male recombination and gene density. Position and centromeric heterochromatin have large effects, but nontelomeric R-bands are not significantly different from G-bands. Several possible reasons are discussed. These regularities validate the maps, despite their high resolution and inevitable local errors. No other approach has been demonstrated to integrate such a large number of loci, which are increasing at about 45% per year. The maps and the data and software from which they are constructed are available through the Internet (http:@cedar.genetics.soton.ac.uk/public_html). Successive versions of this location data base may also be accessed on CD-ROM.
Ultrasonic Measurements Under Extreme Conditions. Part II. –Measurements under High Pressure (1982)

The meaning and importance of ultrasonic experiments under high pressure were pointed out, and some examples of sound velocity and sound attenuation measurements in solids under hydrostatic pressure were briefly cited. Special emphasis was put on explaining details of our attenuation experiment by a pulse reflection method for a solid in pressurized fluid, and origins of sound losses other than true energy loss in the specimen solid were fully discussed. An experiment to determine the pressure dependence of damping of dislocation motion in crystals was referred as an illustration.
An Important Subtitle: European Union and United States Foreign Policy: A Study in Sociological Jurisprudence (1955)

"An Important Subtitle: European Union and United States Foreign Policy: A Study in Sociological Jurisprudence." The Journal of Higher Education, 26(4), p. 222
Palladium‐Catalyzed Allenylation/Intramolecular Diels–Alder Reaction of Furans with Propargyl Carboxylates for the Synthesis of Polycyclic Compounds (2014)

Abstract A highly efficient palladium‐catalyzed cascade reaction of propargyl carboxylates bearing a furanyl group with organoborons was developed. This methodology offers rapid access to polycyclic Diels–Alder cycloadducts in good to high yields. The thus‐formed oxygen‐bridged products were further converted into anthracene derivatives in a chemoselective manner under mild conditions.
The primary structure of the 70 kDa subunit of bovine soluble guanylate cyclase (1988)

The primary structure of the 70 kDa subunit of soluble bovine guanylate cyclase, which catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP from GTP, has been determined. The alignment of six different clones out of two bovine libraries yielded a total of 3.1 kb with a coding region of 1857 bases. The open reading frame encodes a protein of 619 amino acids and a molecular mass of 70.5 kDa. Antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide, which corresponded to the C-terminus of the deduced sequence precipitated guanylate cyclase activity from guanylate cyclase-enriched preparations.
NF-κB as a key player in regulation of cellular radiation responses and identification of radiation countermeasures (2015)

Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is a transcription factor that plays significant role in immunity, cellular survival and inhibition of apoptosis, through the induction of genetic networks. Depending on the stimulus and the cell type, the members of NF-κB related family (RelA, c-Rel, RelB, p50, and p52), forms different combinations of homo and hetero-dimers. The activated complexes (Es) translocate into the nucleus and bind to the 10bp κB site of promoter region of target genes in stimulus specific manner. In response to radiation, NF-κB is known to reduce cell death by promoting the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and activation of cellular antioxidant defense system. Constitutive activation of NF-κB associated genes in tumour cells are known to enhance radiation resistance, whereas deletion in mice results in hypersensitivity to IR-induced GI damage. NF-κB is also known to regulate the production of a wide variety of cytokines and chemokines, which contribute in enhancing cell proliferation and tissue regeneration in various organs, such as the GI crypts stem cells, bone marrow etc., following exposure to IR. Several other cytokines are also known to exert potent pro-inflammatory effects that may contribute to the increase of tissue damage following exposure to ionizing radiation. Till date there are a series of molecules or group of compounds that have been evaluated for their radio-protective potential, and very few have reached clinical trials. The failure or less success of identified agents in humans could be due to their reduced radiation protection efficacy. In this review we have considered activation of NF-κB as a potential marker in screening of radiation countermeasure agents (RCAs) and cellular radiation responses. Moreover, we have also focused on associated mechanisms of activation of NF-κB signaling and their specified family member activation with respect to stimuli. Furthermore, we have categorized their regulated gene expressions and their function in radiation response or modulation. In addition, we have discussed some recently developed radiation countermeasures in relation to NF-κB activation.
Brain delivery of small interfering ribonucleic acid and drugs through intranasal administration with nano-sized polymer micelles (2015)

Recently, the development of effective strategies for enhancing drug delivery to the brain has been a topic of great interest in both clinical and pharmaceutical fields. In this review, we summarize our studies evaluating nose-to-brain delivery of drugs and small interfering ribonucleic acids in combination with cell-penetrating peptide-modified polymer micelles. Our findings show that the use of polymer micelles with surface modification with Tat peptide in the intranasal administration enables the non-invasive delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain by increasing the transfer of the administered drug or small interfering ribonucleic acid to the central nervous system from the nasal cavity.
Effect of Intermittent Administration of Sustained Release Isosorbide Dinitrate (sr-ISDN) in Rats with Pressure-Overload Heart (2006)

Recent studies have demonstrated the benefits of nitric oxide (NO) on myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. It was suggested that NO has a protective effect on myocardial cell through the neurohormonal system. This effect serves to highlight the important role of NO in maintaining the function and form of heart with chronic heart failure. However, there are no known reports about on the effect of prolonged administration of nitrate on pressure over-load heart. This study was conducted to examine the long-term effect of oral nitrate therapy in rats with pressure-overloaded heart. An abdominal aorta constricted (AC) model of pressure-overloaded heart was created in male Wistar rats. Sustained release isosorbide dinitrate (sr-ISDN) (5 mg/kg once a daily) was administered to the rats once a daily for 12 weeks. The animals were euthanized during the study period, and the heart was collected and weighed. Histopathological examination was performed to evaluate the effect of sr-ISDN on myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. The ratio of heart to body weight increased significantly in AC rat and this increase was significantly prevented by sr-ISDN treatment. Histopathological examination showed significant increase in fibrotic area of AC rat compared to sham rat, this increase was inhibited by sr-ISDN treatment. Cardiomyocyte transverse diameter was significantly increased in AC rat compared with sham rat, but this increase tended to decrease by sr-ISDN treatment. In conclusion, intermittent administration with sr-ISDN has mild effect in inhibiting cardiac hypertrophy and marked effect in inhibiting fibrosis due to pressure-overload.
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells use a combination of mechanisms to limit the spread of the pathogenic bacteria Brucella (2005)

Human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells play a crucial role in early immune response to intracellular pathogens. In brucellosis infection, this population of cells is drastically increased in the peripheral blood of patients during the acute phase of infection. In vitro, Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells exhibit strong cytolytic activity against Brucella-infected cells and are able to impair intracellular growth of Brucella suis in autologous macrophages. In this study, we have investigated the relative importance of contact-dependent mechanisms versus soluble factors in the intracellular growth and viability of B. suis. We show that Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells use contact-dependent mechanisms, such as the release of lytic granules and Fas-mediated signals, to decrease intracellular B. suis through lysis of infected macrophages, but these mechanisms have little impact on Brucella survival. Moreover, we demonstrate that soluble factors secreted by Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells can directly affect B. suis survival through their potent bactericidal effects. From these results, we conclude that Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells are able to use a combination of mechanisms that reduce the total numbers of B. suis and thus, may benefit the host by limiting the spread of this intracellular pathogen.
Silhouette Refining for the Volume Intersection Method with Random Pattern Backgrounds (2006)

あらまし 視体積交差法は,複数のカメラで得られるシルエットから対象物体の形状を復元する手法である. 視体積交差法では,物体色と背景色が近い場合にシルエットが大きく欠損し,その結果,復元形状も欠損すると いう問題点がある.そこで本研究では,ランダムパターン背景を用い,物体色によらず一定以上の割合で正しく シルエットを抽出できるようにすることを提案する.更に,この処理によって残るシルエット欠損について,複 数のカメラが同じ物体を観測していることを利用して,物体色を推定し,これと背景色を比較して修復すること で,更に欠損を少なくする.実験では,シルエットを手動で抽出したときの復元形状と提案手法で得られる復元 形状との比較を行い,提案手法によりシルエット欠損が修復され,その結果,復元形状も同時に修復されること を確認する. キーワード 視体積交差法,シルエット欠損修復,物体色推定,ランダムパターン背景
Case Definition and Phenotype Standardization in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (2011)

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the most frequent reason cited for the withdrawal of approved drugs from the market and accounts for up to 15% of the cases of acute liver failure. Investigators around the globe have begun to identify and study patients with DILI; several large registries and tissue banks are being established. In order to gain the maximum scientific benefit from these efforts, the definitions and terminology related to the clinical phenotypes of DILI must be harmonized. For this purpose, an international DILI Expert Working Group of clinicians and scientists reviewed current DILI terminology and diagnostic criteria so as to develop more uniform criteria that would define and characterize the spectrum of clinical syndromes that constitute DILI. Consensus was established with respect to the threshold criteria for definition of a case as being DILI, the pattern of liver injury, causality assessment, severity, and chronicity. Consensus was also reached on approaches to characterizing DILI in the setting of chronic liver diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).
Critical approach to antidepressant trials (2000)

Improvement in the blindness procedures used for antidepressant trials is necessary, feasible and measurable.
Structure of the human lipoprotein lipase gene (1989)

Human genomic clones that span the entire lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene have been isolated and used to determine its structure. The gene is approximately 30 kilobase (kb) pairs in length in which the mRNA specifying sequence is divided into 10 exons. Exons 1-9 are of average size (105-276 bp) whereas exon 10, which specifies the entire 3' uncoding sequence, is 1948 bp in length. Exon 1 codes for the signal peptide, exon 2 includes the protein domain that was shown to bind to the lipoprotein substrate, and exons 6 and 9 code for sequences that are relatively rich in basic amino acids and therefore likely to be involved in anchoring of the enzyme to the capillary endothelium by interaction with the acidic domain of heparan sulfate. Four closely spaced mRNA 5' termini were observed, indicating multiple transcription initiation sites, one of which seems to be favored. Two potential enhancer sequence motifs in the 5' upstream region were observed. One may specify expression in response to intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and the other may be responsible for expression in adipocytes.
Adaptive traffic scheduling techniques for mixed real-time and streaming applications on reconfigurable hardware (2010)

With the ongoing development of new FPGA generations, the reconfiguration time decreases and therefore the benefit of runtime reconfiguration increases. In this paper, we describe how to use runtime reconfiguration to improve the efficiency of transmitting streaming data on a communication channel shared with real-time applications. This means, the bandwidth that the streaming data has available is dynamically changing. To use the bandwidth effectively, different modules can be loaded on the reconfigurable hardware. These modules have a tradeoff between bandwidth and area requirements. The target now is to find an optimal reconfiguration schedule that minimizes an objective function consisting of two conflicting objectives: reducing the average area needed and providing a certain quality of transmission. In this paper, a model for this scheduling problem is presented and an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation is introduced to calculate an optimal offline solution for benchmarking. In addition, an online scheduling system is presented. It uses the current delay of the streaming application to calculate the schedule. Extensive simulations have been made to show the benefits of the proposed solution.
“Constrained Geometry” Group 3 Metal Complexes of the Fluorenyl-Based Ligands [(3,6-<sup>t</sup>Bu<sub>2</sub>Flu)SiR<sub>2</sub>N<sup>t</sup>Bu]:  Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Polymerization Activity (2003)

Alkane elimination between Y(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2 and the diprotio ligands [(3,6-tBu2C13H7)SiR2NHtBu] (R = Me, 1a; R = Ph, 1b) gave [η3:η1-((3,6-tBu2C13H6)SiR2NtBu)Y(CH2SiMe3)(THF)2] (R = Me, 2a; R = Ph, 2b). 2a is thermally stable in toluene solution and shows a dynamic behavior connected to THF dissociation, while 2b is thermally unstable. Reaction of 2a with H2 or PhSiH3 led to the putative hydrido complex “[(3,6-tBu2Flu)SiMe2NtBu)YH(THF)]n” (3). Deprotonation of 1a with 1 and 2 equiv of nBuLi gave [(3,6-tBu2C13H6)SiMe2NHtBu]Li (5) and [(3,6-tBu2C13H6)SiMe2NtBu]Li2 (4), respectively, both of which were characterized crystallographically. Salt elimination reactions between LnCl3(THF)n precursors (Ln = Y, La, Nd) and 1 equiv of 4 gave mixtures of complexes, from which ionic complexes that contain two chelated ligands per lanthanide center, [{η3:η1-(3,6-tBu2C13H6)SiMe2NtBu}2Ln]-[Li(solvent)n]+ (Ln = Y, solvent = THF, n = 4, 6; Ln = La, solvent = THF, n = 4, 7; Ln = La, solvent = Et2O, n = 2, 8; Ln = Nd, solvent = THF, n = 4, 9), were isolated. The neutral dimeric chloro complex [η5:η1-((3,6-tBu2C13H6)SiMe2NtBu)Nd(μ-Cl)(THF)]2 (10) was also crystallized from the crude metathesis product. The solid-state structures of 2a, 8, 9, and 10 show versatile coordination modes of the fluorenyl ligands, either η3 or η5 symmetric, involving carbon atoms of the central Cp ring (8 and 10), or unusual η3 dissymmetric, involving carbon atoms of the central Cp and one adjacent phenyl rings (2a and 9). Some of the complexes obtained were explored as catalysts for ethylene and MMA polymerization.
Delay-throughput performance of load-adaptive power-controlled multihop wireless networks with scheduled transmissions (2003)

The majority of current research on power control in ad-hoc wireless networks concentrates on enhancing throughput performance while disregarding delay requirements. Under such cases, the throughput enhancement is achieved at the expense of increased packet delay that would not be acceptable in many practical situations. In this paper, we study the performance of a load-adaptive power-controlled demand-assigned time division multiple access (DA/TDMA) wireless network, where a central controller may be employed to schedule transmissions under varying network load. We show that multi-hopping is not necessarily the optimal routing strategy to follow in every circumstance. In fact, even though multi-hopping, or alternatively the strategy to transmit at minimum required power levels, may contribute to increased spatial reuse, it causes substantial delay increase when compared to single hop transmissions, especially under light network loads. We thus propose a load adaptive power control protocol for integrated medium access control (MAC) and routing that requires the nodes to transmit at high power under light network load (resulting in a direct transmission between the source and the destination) and switch to multi-hop low power transmissions under heavy network load.