gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
lnterleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (1995)

The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is unusual in that it is the only known naturally occurring, cytokine receptor antagonist with no apparent agonist function. Over the last 5 years, since the cloning of the IL-1ra cDNA sequence, there has been intensive research on the genetics, regulation, and potential therapeutic value of this protein. The later discovery of a second form of IL-1ra in 1991 has complicated the picture. Whereas the originally described IL-1ra is predominantly glycosylated and secreted (sIL-1ra), the alternative isoform is unglycosylated and intracellular (icIL-1ra). Although the biological roles of the two forms are still open to question, IL-1ra is likely to be of great importance in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. A large body of evidence for this conclusion has come from animal models of inflammatory disease that respond well to administration of exogenous IL-1ra. A role for recombinant IL-1ra in the management of human disease is still under investigation. The two forms of IL-1ra are encoded by a single gene by alternative usage of two first exons. Expression of sIL-1ra and icIl-1ra is regulated by two promoters. In this review I explore the genetics of the gene encoding IL-1ra (IL-1RN) and the mechanisms of IL-1ra gene activation to produce sIL-1ra and icIL-1ra. Also, possible biological roles for these immunomodulators in health and disease are discussed.
Wide-range trajectory measurement using CCD camera for small mobile robots (2002)

This paper describes a new trajectory measurement system for small mobile robots. Wheeled robots such as automatically guided vehicles generally use the dead reckoning method to move to a desired position. In order to improve on the dead reckoning method, a trajectory measurement device which can measure the positional and directional errors with high accuracy is required. The authors made a measurement system using a CCD camera which tracks the vehicle automatically. In this paper, after briefly describing the outline of this measurement system, a calibration method to reduce the measurement error in wide measurement area and a tracking method which enables the system to track the vehicle moving at high speed without losing its image are proposed. Some experiments to measure the actual path of a small vehicle were carried out and it was confirmed that the measurement system has enough capability of detecting the trajectory error.
Source codes as random number generators (1998)

A random number generator generates fair coin flips by processing deterministically an arbitrary source of nonideal randomness. An optimal random number generator generates asymptotically fair coin flips from a stationary ergodic source at a rate of bits per source symbol equal to the entropy rate of the source. Since optimal noiseless data compression codes produce incompressible outputs, it is natural to investigate their capabilities as optimal random number generators. We show under general conditions that optimal variable-length source codes asymptotically achieve optimal variable-length random bit generation in a rather strong sense. In particular, we show in what sense the Lempel-Ziv (1978) algorithm can be considered an optimal universal random bit generator from arbitrary stationary ergodic random sources with unknown distributions.
Electrochemical Polymerization and Depolymerization of 2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole. QCM and Spectroscopic Analysis (1997)

Electrochemical oxidation of a dimercaptan, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT), to a polydisulfide (DMcT polymer) and electrochemical reduction of the polydisulfide at a carbon electrode and an indium−tin oxide electrode have been studied in 0.1 M LiClO4−acetonitrile by means of an in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and in situ spectroelectrochemistry, respectively. It is observed that the polymerization potential is more positive than the dimerization potential. Both the potentials at which DMcT dimer and DMcT polymer are formed are made more negative by the presence of a base. The potential at which the DMcT polymer is reductively depolymerized is also shifted in the negative direction in the presence of a base. The experiments also show that the DMcT polymer reacts with DMcT monomer under open-circuit conditions. This results in dissolution of the polymer in the presence of the monomer. The results also suggest that the product of the redox reaction is the DMcT dimer. Base is shown to hinder this reaction.
A novel murine model of myeloproliferative disorders generated by overexpression of the transcription factor NF-E2 (2012)

The molecular pathophysiology of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) remains poorly understood. Based on the observation that the transcription factor NF-E2 is often overexpressed in MPN patients, independent of the presence of other molecular aberrations, we generated mice expressing an NF-E2 transgene in hematopoietic cells. These mice exhibit many features of MPNs, including thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, Epo-independent colony formation, characteristic bone marrow histology, expansion of stem and progenitor compartments, and spontaneous transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. The MPN phenotype is transplantable to secondary recipient mice. NF-E2 can alter histone modifications, and NF-E2 transgenic mice show hypoacetylation of histone H3. Treatment of mice with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAC-I) vorinostat restored physiological levels of histone H3 acetylation, decreased NF-E2 expression, and normalized platelet numbers. Similarly, MPN patients treated with an HDAC-I exhibited a decrease in NF-E2 expression. These data establish a role for NF-E2 in the pathophysiology of MPNs and provide a molecular rationale for investigating epigenetic alterations as novel targets for rationally designed MPN therapies.
Efficient bounded-distance decoding of the hexacode and associated decoders for the Leech lattice and the Golay code (2002)

Two soft-decision algorithms for decoding the (6,3,4) quaternary code, the hexacode, are presented. Both algorithms have the same guaranteed error correction radius as that of maximum-likelihood decoding. In using them, bounded-distance decoding of the Golay code and the Leech lattice are performed in at most 187 and 519 real operations respectively. We present some simulation results for the Leech lattice decoder revealing near-optimal performance. A comparison to known trellis codes is also provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Opposing regulation of neutrophil apoptosis through the formyl peptide receptor-like 1/lipoxin A4 receptor: implications for resolution of inflammation (2008)

Neutrophils have a central role in innate immunity, and their programmed cell death and removal are critical to the optimal expression as well as to efficient resolution of inflammation. Human neutrophils express the pleiotropic receptor formyl peptide receptor-like 1/lipoxin A4 (LXA(4)) receptor that binds a variety of ligands, including the acute-phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA), the anti-inflammatory lipids LXA(4) and aspirin-triggered 15-epi-LXA(4) (ATL), and the glucocorticoid-inducible protein annexin 1. In addition to regulation of neutrophil activation and recruitment, these ligands have a profound influence on neutrophil survival and apoptosis with contrasting actions, mediating aggravation or resolution of the inflammatory response. Thus, annexin 1 accelerates, whereas SAA rescues human neutrophils from constitutive apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, ATL overcomes the antiapoptosis signal from SAA and redirects neutrophils to caspase-mediated cell death. We review recent developments about the molecular basis of these actions and suggest a novel mechanism by which aspirin promotes resolution of acute inflammation and tissue injury.
Epidemiology of chronic pancreatitis: burden of the disease and consequences (2014)

The epidemiology of chronic pancreatitis (CP) is incompletely understood. A number of difficulties exist in estimating the prevalence and incidence of CP. Long-term follow-up is often problematic, especially in chronic alcoholics, and obtaining a formal and standardised diagnosis can take years. The available studies are reasonably consistent in their estimation of the incidence of CP but few studies have attempted to estimate prevalence. Although life expectancy in CP is diminished compared with control populations, median survival lies in the range of 15-20 years. Such a survival would suggest a prevalence of CP rather higher than that determined from the survey studies. A recent epidemiological study in France found an annual incidence of 7.8 per 100,000. Assuming a survival of 15-20 years, the annual prevalence should be between 120 to 143 per 100,000. Overall, our understanding of the epidemiology of CP is poor compared with other illnesses. We consider that both prevalence and the rate of pancreatic insufficiency and of CP are currently underestimated. There is a distinct need for more studies to remedy this lack of knowledge.
1.5 Micron Wavelength Optical Devices Grown by Gas Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy. (1997)

Abstract : The purpose of this program was to demonstrate the integration of InP-based lasers and other optical devices using a simple, platform integration technology. During this program, we successfully implemented the novel concept of a twin waveguide structure with loss layer which demonstrated nearly 50% coupling between the active laser devices and the integrated waveguide. This coupling, which is cavity-length independent, allows for the integration of lasers, optical amplifiers, waveguides and modulators on a single epitaxial structure.
bFGF- and CaPP-Loaded Fibrin Clots Enhance the Bioactivity of the Tendon-Bone Interface to Augment Healing (2016)

As fibrin clots have already been used in clinical practice, bFGF- and CaPP-loaded fibrin clots can be further used to augment healing in the early stages of tendon-to-bone healing.
Test Results from a Novel Passive Bistatic GPS Radar Using a Phased Sensor Array (2007)

GPS bistatic signals have applications for remote sensing in collecting data such as soil moisture content, surface altitude or wave speed. Prior research using these signals has been limited by the low signal power of the bistatic GPS signals. Leveraging off of a previous effort that used a 15-element array, NAVSYS Corporation has developed an advanced bistatic GPS receiver that uses a 109-element GPS antenna array and digital beam steering to provide gain to increase the ability to detect the weak bistatic GPS signals. The enhanced 109-element array offers 20 dB of gain over previous receivers, which use single element tracking and offers promise of retrieving usable return data from a much higher altitude. In this paper, the design of the digital beam-steering receiver is described and data collected during flight tests with the array are presented. The data was collected with the antenna array installed on a Cessna aircraft. Flights were conducted over terrain and water and the data was recorded for post-test analysis. The results of the flight test show the increase in fidelity and observability of the bistatic GPS signals by using digital beam steering. The digital scanning capability of the receiver also increases the area of coverage over which data can be collected from a single aircraft pass. The enhanced data collected will be of benefit for all remote sensing applications using bistatic GPS signals.
Toxins produced in cyanobacterial water blooms - toxicity and risks (2009)

Cyanobacterial blooms in freshwaters represent a major ecological and human health problem worldwide. This paper briefly summarizes information on major cyanobacterial toxins (hepatotoxins, neurotoxins etc.) with special attention to microcystins-cyclic heptapeptides with high acute and chronic toxicities. Besides discussion of human health risks, microcystin ecotoxicology and consequent ecological risks are also highlighted. Although significant research attention has been paid to microcystins, cyanobacteria produce a wide range of currently unknown toxins, which will require research attention. Further research should also address possible additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects among different classes of cyanobacterial metabolites, as well as interactions with other toxic stressors such as metals or persistent organic pollutants.
Epitaxial Fe16N2 films grown on Si(001) by reactive sputtering (1996)

We present a crystallographic template for the growth of the range of Fe-N phases on Si(001) by lattice matching on selected underlayers. Epitaxial films of pure α-Fe, γ′-Fe4N, and α′-Fe8N (N martensite) were grown individually by the optimization of reactive N2 sputtering parameters. The orientation relation of the Fe-N phases was Fe-N(001)∥Ag(001)∥Si(001) and Fe-N[100]∥Ag[110]∥Si[100]. Annealing the α′-Fe8N films resulted in the formation of α′-Fe8N/α″-Fe16N2 mixtures. In addition to the crystallographic and structural analysis, quantification of x-ray diffraction peak intensities confirmed that the α′/α″ mixtures contained as much as 46 vol % α″ (remaining α′). Vibrating sample magnetometry and SQUID magnetometry measurements of the α′ and α′(54%)/α″(46%) mixture, respectively, indicate enhanced magnetic moments for both the α′ and α″ phases with respect to pure Fe.
Solids Associated with the Asphaltene Fraction of Oil Sands Bitumen (1999)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Pharmacotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia — the potential for α <sub>1</sub> ‐adrenoceptor subtype‐specific blockade (1998)

symptoms.Whilst the probability of disease progression
Optically Active Antifungal Azoles. VII. Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Stereoisomers of 2-((1R,2R)-2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)phenyl)-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-triazolone (TAK-187). (1997)

2-[(1R,2R)-2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-4-[4-(2,2,3,3,tetrafluoropropoxy) phenyl]-3(2H, 4H)-1,2,4-triazolone [(1R,2R)-1: TAK-187] is a new antifungal agent selected as a candidate for clinical trials. The three stereoisomers [(1S,2S)-, (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-1] of this compound were prepared to clarify the relationship between the stereochemistry and the biological activities. In vitro and in vivo assays of antifungal activity revealed that TAK-187 [(1R,2R)-1] is the most potent among the four stereoisomers. Furthermore, TAK-187 was found to exert strong and selective inhibitory effect on the sterol synthesis in Candida albicans as compared with that in rat liver.
Epoxy thermosets from model mixtures of the lignin-to-vanillin process (2015)

Bio-based epoxy thermosets with good thermo-mechanical properties were prepared from model mixtures of products from the lignin-to-vanillin process.
A Second Locus, <i>Ixr</i> B1 in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana,</i> that Confers Resistance to the Herbicide Isoxaben (1990)

An isoxaben resistant mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is described whose locus, Ixr B1, is unlinked genetically to the previously described resistance locus Ixr A (DR Heim, JL Roberts, PD Pike, IM Larrinua [1989] Plant Physiol 90: 146-150). A cross of strains each homozygous for one of these two resistance loci gives rise to some isoxaben sensitive F(2) progeny. Growth curves versus isoxaben of this mutant, its F(1) progeny and the wild-type parent strain showed that this locus displays a weakly codominant Mendelian phenotype. Callus cultures were established from plants homozygous as well as heterozygous for this locus. Growth inhibition curves done with these cultures mimic the data obtained in vivo.
Typing of herpes simplex virus isolates by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: comparison between indirect and double-antibody sandwich techniques (1983)

Indirect and double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques were compared for serotyping 42 herpes simplex virus isolates. Both procedures gave similar results, which were in complete agreement with those obtained by inhibition of the indirect hemagglutination test. The indirect technique proved to be as specific as the double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but simpler and cheaper.
Transverse Hadamard spectroscopic imaging technique (1990)

A new Hadamard spectroscopic imaging (HSI) technique based on transverse magnetization encoding is presented and tested experimentally. Using average Hamiltonian theory, we have defined the conditions under which a proper combination of gradients and RF functions can produce, as a good approximation, a plane rotation whose flip angle is the Fourier transform of the RF function even in the presence of chemical-shift and B0 inhomogeneity. Hence, the generation of RF pulses to perform any order HSI is simplified.
Worldwide distribution and broader clinical spectrum of muscle-eye-brain disease (2003)

Muscle–eye–brain disease (MEB), an autosomal recessive disorder prevalent in Finland, is characterized by congenital muscular dystrophy, brain malformation and ocular abnormalities. Since the MEB phenotype overlaps substantially with those of Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) and Walker–Warburg syndrome (WWS), these three diseases are thought to result from a similar pathomechanism. Recently, we showed that MEB is caused by mutations in the protein O-linked mannose β1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGnT1) gene. We describe here the identification of seven novel disease-causing mutations in six of not only non-Finnish Caucasian but also Japanese and Korean patients with suspected MEB, severe FCMD or WWS. Including six previously reported mutations, the 13 disease-causing mutations we have found thus far are dispersed throughout the entire POMGnT1 gene. We also observed a slight correlation between the location of the mutation and clinical severity in the brain: patients with mutations near the 5′ terminus of the POMGnT1 coding region show relatively severe brain symptoms such as hydrocephalus, while patients with mutations near the 3′ terminus have milder phenotypes. Our results indicate that MEB may exist in population groups outside of Finland, with a worldwide distribution beyond our expectations, and that the clinical spectrum of MEB is broader than recognized previously. These findings emphasize the importance of considering MEB and searching for POMGnT1 mutations in WWS or other congenital muscular dystrophy patients worldwide.
Photoinduced Copper‐Catalyzed C−H Arylation at Room Temperature (2016)

Room-temperature azole C-H arylations were accomplished with inexpensive copper(I) compounds by means of photoinduced catalysis. The expedient copper catalysis set the stage for site-selective C-H arylations of non-aromatic oxazolines under mild reaction conditions, and provides step-economical access to the alkaloid natural products balsoxin and texamine.
Micellization of and Solute Binding to Amphiphilic Poly(ethylene oxide) Star Polymers in Aqueous Media (1996)

Three-armed poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) star polymers were synthesized from tris(p-isocyanatophenyl)methane and methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)s of molecular weight 350, 750, and 1900. The polymers exhibit lower critical solution temperature behavior in water, the cloud points decreasing linearly with the molal concentration of added salts. Surface tension and viscometric data reveal the formation of micelles and the possible existence of smaller aggregates prior to micellization. Similar amphiphilic PEO star polymers but with a larger hydrophobic core were found to strongly interact with the optical probes coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) and 1-pyrenebutyrate (PB-), both below and above the critical micelle concentration (cmc). Klotz-type binding plots reveal clear transition points which for PB- are close to the cmc of the star polymers. The binding data confirm that small aggregates may be present below the cmc of the stars.
GeV electron beams from a centimeter-scale channel guided laser wakefield accelerator (2007)

Laser wakefield accelerators can produce electric fields of order 10–100GV∕m, suitable for acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies. The wakefields are excited by a relativistically intense laser pulse propagating through a plasma and have a phase velocity determined by the group velocity of the light pulse. Two important effects that can limit the acceleration distance and hence the net energy gain obtained by an electron are diffraction of the drive laser pulse and particle-wake dephasing. Diffraction of a focused ultrashort laser pulse can be overcome by using preformed plasma channels. The dephasing limit can be increased by operating at a lower plasma density, since this results in an increase in the laser group velocity. Here we present detailed results on the generation of GeV-class electron beams using an intense femtosecond laser beam and a 3.3cm long preformed discharge-based plasma channel [W. P. Leemans et al., Nature Physics 2, 696 (2006)]. The use of a discharge-based waveguide permitted operation at an order of magnitude lower density and 15 times longer distance than in previous experiments that relied on laser preformed plasma channels. Laser pulses with peak power ranging from 10–40TW were guided over more than 20 Rayleigh ranges and high quality electron beams with energy up to 1GeV were obtained by channeling a 40TW peak power laser pulse. The dependence of the electron beam characteristics on capillary properties, plasma density, and laser parameters are discussed.
Organic Reactions with Boron Fluoride.<sup>1</sup> XV. The Alkylation of Benzene with Esters (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Reactions with Boron Fluoride.1 XV. The Alkylation of Benzene with EstersJames F. McKenna and Frank J. SowaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 7, 1204–1205Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01286a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01286a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts