gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction and functional evaluation of hirudin derivatives with low bleeding risk (2008)

The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate hirudin (HIR) derivatives with low bleeding risk. In these derivatives, the factor (F) XIa, FXa, and thrombin recognition peptides (EPR, GVYAR, and LGPR, respectively) were linked to the N-terminus of HIR. The intact derivatives have no anticoagulant activity because of the extension of the N-terminus of HIR. After cleavage by the corresponding coagulation factor that occurs on the activation of the coagulation system and in the presence of the thrombus, its activity is released. This limited the anticoagulant activity of these derivatives to the vicinity of the thrombus, and as a result, systemic bleeding complications were avoided. The definite antithrombotic effect and low bleeding parameters of these derivatives were investigated in rat carotid artery and inferior vena cava thrombosis models. In both models, the three derivatives showed significant antithrombotic effects, indicating that anticoagulant activity could be successfully released in vivo. Moreover, the bleeding parameters of these derivatives were lower than that of HIR as indicated by the values of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT). To further assess the safety of these derivatives, bleeding time was measured in a mouse tail-cut model. Although the derivatives had obvious effects on bleeding at a dose of 6 mg/kg, the effect of these derivatives on bleeding was significantly weaker than that of HIR at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Thus, the benefit-to-risk profiles of the derivatives were superior to that of HIR.
Où placer l'adjectif épithète ? Focalisation et modularité (1996)

Henning Nølke : Where to place the attributive adjective in French ? Focalisation and modularity More than 450 years of research have shown that the placement of the French attributive adjective — before or after its substantive — is governed by a huge number of apparently disparate factors. This paper argues that a cogent theory of focalisation can explain a large scale of facts which hitherto been regarded as non-related. Conceived of as a component of a linguistic modular model, focalisation theory may thus contribute to yielding valuable new insight into the complex mechanisms underlying word order even at the phrase level.
Dual Role of Cysteine 172 in Redox Regulation of Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Activity and Degradation (2003)

Alkylation and oxidation of cysteine residues significantly decrease the catalytic activity and stimulate the degradation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). We analyzed the role of vicinal cysteine residues in redox regulation of RuBisCO from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. Cys172 and Cys192, which are adjacent to the catalytic site, and Cys247, which cross-links two large subunits, were replaced by alanine. Whereas all mutant cells (C172A, C192A, C172A-C192A, and C247A) and the wild type grew photoautotrophically at similar rates, the maximal photosynthesis rates of C172A mutants decreased 10 to 20% as a result of 40 to 60% declines in RuBisCO turnover number. Replacement of Cys172, but not replacement of Cys192, prominently decreased the effect of cysteine alkylation or oxidation on RuBisCO. Oxidants that react with vicinal thiols had a less inhibitory effect on the activity of either the C172A or C192A enzyme variants, suggesting that a disulfide bond was formed upon oxidation. Thiol oxidation induced RuBisCO dissociation into subunits. This effect was either reduced in the C172A and C192A mutant enzymes or eliminated by carboxypentitol bisphosphate (CPBP) binding to the activated enzyme form. The CPBP effect presumably resulted from a conformational change in the carbamylated CPBP-bound enzyme, as implied from an alteration in the electrophoretic mobility. Stress conditions, provoked by nitrate deprivation, decreased the RuBisCO contents and activities in the wild type and in the C192A and C247A mutants but not in the C172A and C172A-C192A mutants. These results suggest that although Cys172 does not participate in catalysis, it plays a role in redox regulation of RuBisCO activity and degradation.
Microanalysis of an antimicrobial peptide, β-defensin-2, in the stratum corneum from patients with atopic dermatitis (2008)

Collectively, these findings suggest that beta-defensin-2 is induced in response to bacteria, injury or inflammatory stimuli and is not associated with vulnerability to S. aureus colonization in the skin of patients with AD.
Deposit formation on heated surfaces: effect of interface energetics (1988)

Summary Deposit formation was measured in a model laboratory plant in which whole milk was in contact with a heated surface at 100 °C for 1 h. The effect of the interfacial properties of various poly mer-coated surfaces on the amount and the adhesion strength of deposit was determined. The nature of the surface influenced the formation of deposit only slightly, but had a large effect on its adhesion strength. From correlation analysis, the polar contribution to surface energy was identified as the main factor influencing the deposit adhesion strength. These results suggest that the type of interactions at the surface govern the ease of removal of deposit.
Bradykinin metabolism in the postinfarcted rat heart: role of ACE and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (1999)

The respective role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) in the degradation of bradykinin (BK) has been studied in the infarcted and hypertrophied rat heart. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in rats by left descendant coronary artery ligature. Animals were killed, and hearts were sampled 1, 4, and 35 days post-MI. BK metabolism was assessed by incubating synthetic BK with heart membranes from sham hearts and infarcted (scar) and noninfarcted regions of infarcted hearts. The half-life (t1/2) of BK showed significant differences among the three types of tissue at 4 days [sham heart (114 +/- 7 s) > noninfarcted region (85 +/- 4 s) > infarcted region (28 +/- 2 s)] and 35 days post-MI [sham heart (143 +/- 6 s) = noninfarcted region (137 +/- 9 s) > infarcted region (55 +/- 4 s)]. No difference was observed at 1 day post-MI. The participation of ACE and NEP in the metabolism of BK was defined by preincubation of the membrane preparations with enalaprilat, an ACE inhibitor, and omapatrilat, a vasopeptidase inhibitor that acts by combined inhibition of NEP and ACE. Enalaprilat significantly prevented the rapid degradation of BK in every tissue type and at every sampling time. Moreover, omapatrilat significantly increased the t1/2 of BK compared with enalaprilat in every tissue type and at every sampling time. These results demonstrate that experimental MI followed by left ventricular dysfunction significantly modifies the metabolism of exogenous BK by heart membranes. ACE and NEP participate in the degradation of BK since both enalaprilat and omapatrilat have potentiating effects on the t1/2 of BK.
Down-regulation of Notch-1 contributes to cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells (2006)

Pancreatic cancer remains the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Notch signaling plays a critical role in maintaining the balance among cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and thereby may contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer. To characterize Notch pathway function in pancreatic cancer cells, we explored the consequences of down-regulation of Notch-1 in BxPC-3, HPAC, and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Using multiple cellular and molecular approaches such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, apoptosis assay, flow cytometry, gene transfection, real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay for measuring DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), we found that down-regulation of Notch-1 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Notch-1 down-regulation also increased cell population in the G(0)-G(1) phase. Compared with control, small interfering RNA-transfected cells decreased expression of cyclin A, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 2. We found up-regulation of p21 and p27, which was correlated with the cell cycle changes. In addition, Notch-1 down-regulation also induced apoptosis, which could be due to decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) protein expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Because Notch-1 is known to cross-talk with another major cell growth and apoptotic regulatory pathway (i.e., NF-kappaB), we found that NF-kappaB is a downstream target of Notch because down-regulation of Notch reduced NF-kappaB activity. We also found that genistein, a prominent isoflavone, could be an active agent for the down-regulation of the Notch pathway. These findings suggest that Notch-1 down-regulation, especially by genistein, could be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Active learning based clothing image recommendation with implicit user preferences (2013)

We address the problem of user-specific clothing image recommendation in this paper. Different from prior retrieval approaches, we advance an active learning scheme during retrieval for inferring user preferences. With a recently developed sparse-coding based algorithm for content-based image retrieval, we utilize support vector regression (SVR) with a user-interaction training stage to observe user preferences based on the feedback of retrieval results. Therefore, there is no need to explicitly ask his/her preferences such as desirable colors or patterns of clothing images. A subjective evaluation on a commercial clothing image dataset confirms the effectiveness of our method, which is shown to produce more satisfactory recommendation results when comparing to state-of-the-art content-based image retrieval approaches.
An Introduction to Revenue Management (2005)

TutORials in Operations Research is a collection of tutorials published annually and designed for students, faculty, and practitioners. The series provides in-depth instruction on significant operations research topics and methods. INFORMS has published the series, founded by Harvey J. Greenberg, since 2005.
Information Flow in Credential Systems (2010)

This paper proposes a systematic study of information flow in credential-based declarative authorization policies. It argues that a treatment in terms of information flow is needed to adequately describe, analyze and mitigate a class of probing attacks which allow an adversary to infer any confidential fact within a policy. Two information flow properties that have been studied in the context of state transition systems, non-interference and opacity, are reformulated in the current context of policy languages. A comparison between these properties reveals that opacity is the more useful, and more general of the two; indeed, it is shown that non-interference can be stated in terms of opacity. The paper then presents an inference system for non-opacity, or detectability, in Datalog-based policies. Finally, a pragmatic method is presented, based on a mild modification of the mechanics of delegation, for preventing a particularly dangerous kind of probing attack that abuses delegation of authority.
Logic optimization and equivalence checking by implication analysis (1997)

This paper proposes a new approach to multilevel logic optimization based on automatic test pattern generation (ATPG). It shows that an ordinary test generator for single stuck-at faults can be used to perform arbitrary transformations in a combinational circuit and discusses how this approach relates to conventional multilevel minimization techniques based on Boolean division. Furthermore, effective heuristics are presented to decide what network manipulations are promising for minimizing the circuit. By identifying indirect implications between signals in the circuit, transformations can be derived which are "good" candidates for the minimization of the circuit. A main advantage of the proposed approach is that it operates directly on the structural netlist description of the circuit so that the technical consequences of the performed transformations can be evaluated in an easy way, permitting better control of the optimization process with respect to the specific goals of the designer. Therefore, the presented technique can serve as a basis for optimization techniques targeting nonconventional design goals. This paper only considers area minimization, and our experimental results show that the method presented is competitive with conventional technology-independent minimization techniques. For many benchmark circuits, our tool, the Hannover implication tool, based on learning (HANNIBAL) achieves the best minimization results published to date. Furthermore, the optimization approach presented is shown to be useful in formal verification.
Spatial dopant profiles for transverse-mode selection in multimode waveguides (2002)

We theoretically investigated the effect of the spatial distribution of the active-ion concentration in multimode step-index waveguides on transverse-mode selection for continuous-wave laser operation. We found that uniform doping of a central portion of as much as 60% of the full waveguide core width is highly effective for the selection of fundamental-mode operation, even under highly saturated, high-power conditions. Profiling the dopant distribution to match that of the particular mode desired was also found to be effective, especially if it is the saturated inversion profile that is matched to the shape of the mode.
Endothelial cells stimulate aldosterone release from bovine adrenal zona glomerulosa cells (1994)

Intra-adrenal factors promote basal as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-, angiotensin-, and flow-induced steroid secretion. Because endothelial cells respond to changes in flow and are in a close anatomical relationship to steroidogenic cells, we examined the effect of endothelial cells on the secretion of aldosterone from zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells. Endothelial cells and endothelial cell-conditioned medium (EC-CM) stimulated the release of aldosterone from ZG cells. The stimulatory effect was related to the concentration of endothelial cells or EC-CM. The maximal stimulatory effect was 60-70% of the maximal effect of ACTH. Endothelial cells alone did not produce aldosterone. Human fibroblasts were ineffective in promoting aldosterone release. Endothelial cells and EC-CM failed to stimulate cortisol release from zona fasciculata cells. Treatment of the EC-CM with trypsin and pronase abolished the activity, indicating that a protein mediated the effect. However, the EC-CM activity could be distinguished from angiotensin, endothelin-1, and bradykinin. The factor stimulated the formation of pregnenolone but not the conversion of corticosterone to aldosterone. This endothelium-derived steroidogenic factor appeared to be a novel stimulus to aldosterone secretion. This study represents the first demonstration that endothelial cells alter endocrine function in vitro.
A New Approach for the Calculation of HLB Values of Surfactants (1990)

HLB values of surfactants can be calculated from the relationship N(HLB−7)=−0.337•10 5 •V x +1.5•n where V x is the molecular volume (m 3 mol −1 ) at temperature absolute zero of the surface active compound; this can be obtained by the addition of atomic V x values; n is the number of water involved in the solvation of each surfactant molecule; and N is the number of species making up the surfactant which is one for non-ionic surface active compounds and equals the number of ions (usually two) for the ionic ones
Heat Treating of Maraging Steels (2014)

Abstract Maraging steels are highly alloyed low-carbon iron-nickel martensite steels that possess an excellent combination of strength and toughness superior to that of most carbon-hardened steels. This article provides a detailed account of the formation of martensite in maraging steels. It discusses the heat treatment of these steels, namely, aging, solution annealing, age hardening, and nitriding. Their hardening during aging has been attributed to two different mechanisms: short-range ordering and precipitation. The article concludes with a discussion on the grain refinement using thermal cycling and transformation-induced plasticity maraging methods.
The Feasibility of Magnetic Recording at 10 Terabits Per Square Inch on Conventional Media (2009)

This paper proposes a new approach to magnetic recording based on shingled writing and two-dimensional readback and signal-processing. This approach continues the use of conventional granular media but proposes techniques such that a substantial fraction of one bit of information is stored on each grain. Theoretically, areal-densities of the order of 10 Terabits per square inch may be achievable. In this paper we examine the feasibility of this two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) and identify the significant challenges that must be overcome to achieve this vision.
Oxidation of Aldehyde N,N-Dialkylhydrazones with Hydrogen Peroxide. A New Nitrile Synthesis (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of Aldehyde N,N-Dialkylhydrazones with Hydrogen Peroxide. A New Nitrile SynthesisRichard F. Smith, James A. Albright, and Anne M. WaringCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 12, 4100–4102Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01350a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01350a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Column-separated compressive sampling scheme for low power CMOS image sensors (2013)

A novel compressive sampling scheme suitable for highly scalable hardware implementations is presented. The scheme utilizes an identical pseudo-random sequence for every image column, therefore reducing in-pixel hardware complexity and allowing measurement matrix generation in a single clock cycle. As a result, high frame rates and low power consumption are achievable with an acceptable reduction in raw image quality for many practical video applications. Physical IC design issues such as device mismatch, noise and non-linearity, are analyzed and their effects on compressed image acquisition are presented and discussed. As a proof-of-concept, specialized pixels, Comparator-Based Switched Capacitor readout and Column-Parallel Differential Cyclic-ADCs are designed in a 0.18μm standard CMOS technology. The simulation results of the proposed circuit show that a 256×256 pixels architecture consumes 1.45mW at 250fps and 26.2mW at 8000fps. The proposed scheme can easily be applicable in different circuit design solutions and scaled towards newer technology nodes and higher image resolutions.
Untraceable partially blind signature based on DLOG problem. (2004)

This paper proposes a new untraceable Partially Blind Signature scheme which is a cross between the traditional signature scheme and the blind signature scheme. In this proposed scheme, the message M that the signer signed can be divided into two parts. The first part can be known to the signer (like that in the traditional signature scheme) while the other part cannot be known to the signer (like that in the blind signature scheme). After having signed M, the signer cannot determine if he has made the signature of M except through the part that he knows. We draw ideas from Brands' "Restricted Blind Signature" to solve the Untraceable Partially Blind Signature problem. Our scheme is a probabilistic signature scheme and the security of our Untraceable Partially Blind Signature scheme relies on the difficulty of computing discrete logarithm.
Hydraulic Fracturing In Underground Coal Mines (2008)

The success of hydraulic fracturing application in stimulating gas drainage from coal seams is influenced by the ground stress conditions and the effective installation of straddled packers. A total of five holes were drilled in the Bulli Seam in a mine (Mine A) and tested for increased gas stimulation by hydraulic fracturing. Parameters examined included casing material integrity for cutability and ability to resist the external collapse during grouting and hydraulic fracturing. Changes made to the injecti on pressure, casing wall thickness, slot orientation (circumferential instead of axial) and controlled pressure release rate post-treatment improved the hydraulic fracturing treatment. However, the water management challenges of the test site remained inconclusive because of the location of trial site in the coal seam deposit.
Design concept and performance considerations for fast high power semiconductor switching for high repetition rate and high power excimer laser (1997)

A semiconductor switching power supply has been developed, in which a novel structure semiconductor device, metal-oxide-semiconductor assisted gate-triggered thyristor (MAGT) was incorporated with a single stage magnetic pulse compression circuit (MPC). The MAGT was specially designed to directly replace thyratrons in a power supply for a high repetition rate laser. Compared with conventional high power semiconductor switching devices, it was designed to enable a fast switching, retaining a high blocking voltage and to extremely reduce the transient turn-on power losses, enduring a higher peak current. A maximum peak current density of 32 kA/cm2 and a current density risetime rate di/dt of 142 kA/(cm2×μs) were obtained at the chip area with an applied anode voltage of 1.5 kV. A MAGT switching unit connecting 32 MAGTs in series was capable of switching on more than 25 kV–300 A at a repetition rate of 5 kHz, which, coupled with the MPC, was equivalent to the capability of a high power thyratron. A high repetition rate and high power XeCl excimer laser was excited by the power supply. The results confirmed the stable laser operation of a repetition rate of up to 5 kHz, the world record to our knowledge. An average output power of 0.56 kW was obtained at 5 kHz where the shortage of the total discharge current was subjoined by a conventional power supply with seven parallel switching thyratrons, simultaneously working, for the MAGT power supply could not switch a greater current than that switched by one thyratron. It was confirmed by those excitations that the MAGT unit with the MPC could replace a high power commercial thyratron directly for excimer lasers. The switching stability was significantly superior to that of the thyratron in a high repetition rate region, judging from the discharge current wave forms. It should be possible for the MAGT unit, in the future, to directly switch the discharge current within a rise time of 0.1 μs with a magnetic assist.