gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age and race related changes in mammographic parenchymal patterns (1989)

The relationship between breast parenchymal patterns and age was examined in a nonselected, nonreferred group. The three major racial-ethnic subgroups represented have markedly different incidences of breast cancer, with Anglos (nonHispanic caucasians), Hispanics, and American Indians having higher to lower incidence rates of breast cancer, respectively. Mammograms were performed in 519 victims of nonhospital, nonnatural or unexplained deaths in New Mexico. The percentage of dense breast patterns (DY + P2) decreased with age for all groups. American Indian women showed a much earlier shift to a lower density parenchymal pattern than Anglo or Hispanic women. At older ages Indian women continued to have a slightly lower percentage of dense breast patterns than the other groups. The changes in breast parenchymal pattern with age and ethnic groups may reflect factors related to risk of breast cancer.
Use of Cane Molasses in Swine Diets (1967)

Two trials involving 78 growing pigs and two trials involving 32 gilts and sows were conducted (1) to determine if young pigs can use high level molasses diets when the molasses is adsorbed on bagasse without manifesting diarrhea, (2) to determine if adding fat to the molasses-bagasse diets will enhance their usefulness by young pigs and (3) to compare the effect of molasses, bagasse pith, fat diets with corn base diets on different classes of swine. Pigs fed diets containing up to 49.8% molasses adsorbed on bagasse pith did not manifest diarrhea and gains were slower and less efficient in terms of either total feed or digestible energy than comparable pigs fed corn-type diets. Carcasses of the pigs fed high level molasses had less backfat and larger loin-eye areas. The addition of fat at a level of 12.3% to the high molasses-bagasse pith diet increased the rate of gain of pigs over that of pigs fed molasses-bagasse pith diets without fat, but did not restore gains to the level of pigs fed corn base diets. When fat was added to the molasses-bagasse pith diets, pigs ate less feed but the digestible energy required per unit of feed was not changed. Adding molasses at a low level, 10% of the diet, did not significantly alter rate of gain, efficiency of gain or backfat thickness. Reproductive performance in terms of number of pigs born and pig size at birth was not altered in gilts by feeding a molasses, bagasse pith, fat diet during a 50-day development period and throughout gestation. The performance of mature sows fed this diet during gestation was equal to the performance of similar sows fed corn base diets. When these molasses, bagasse pith, fat diets were self fed to gilts and sows during lactation, however, feed consumption, hence baby pig growth, was lower than for similar gilts and sows fed corn base diets. Gilts and sows fed the molasses, bagasse pith, fat diets during lactation also lost more weight than similar animals fed corn base diets.
Identification of cembratriene-4,6-diol as antitumor-promoting agent from cigarette smoke condensate (1985)

Cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) was separated into several fractions and each was tested for an inhibitory effect on the early antigen (EA) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) which can be induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells. Two diastereoisomers of 2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diol (alpha- and beta-CBT) were isolated from the neutral fractions of CSC and these showed potent inhibitory effects on the induction of EBV-EA by TPA. The doses of alpha- and beta-CBT required for 50% inhibition of EBV-EA induction by TPA were 7.7 and 6.7 micrograms/ml, respectively, which are comparable with those of retinoic acid, a potent inhibitor of induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and tumor promotion by TPA in mice. Application of alpha- and beta-CBT to mouse skin prior to treatment with TPA inhibited TPA-induced ODC activity. The degree of inhibition was dependent on the dose and application of 16.5 mumol/mouse of alpha- and beta-CBT resulted in a 50 and 40% reduction, respectively, of the maximum of the ODC activity induced as a result of treatment with TPA. In initiation-promotion experiments, alpha-CBT markedly inhibited the promoting effect of TPA on skin tumor formation in mice which were initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, but beta-CBT was found to be less effective. Application of 3.3 mumol of alpha-CBT 40 min prior to treatment with TPA (1 microgram) resulted in a 53% reduction in the number of papillomas per mouse. Our present data suggest that EBV-EA inhibition assay using Raji cells is effective for the first screening of inhibitors of tumor promotion, and provide evidence that CSC contains antitumor-promoting agents in addition to carcinogenic and tumor-promoting agents already reported.
Isolated interleaved-phase-shift-PWM DC-DC ZVS converter (2003)

This paper presents a new isolated DC-DC zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) converter, which is composed of two half-bridge converters associated in series operating at constant frequency. The converter can be seen as an alternative to the ZVS-phase-shift full-bridge DC-DC converter for high-voltage applications. The paper proposes a new command strategy, named interleaved phase shift, which allows equalization of the input capacitor voltage, where each capacitor shares one-quarter of the total input voltage. Due to phase-shift modulation, the current is equally shared among main switches, reducing the converter conduction losses, when compared with conventional pulsewidth modulation. Furthermore, the input capacitors voltage oscillations are reduced due to load variations, as well as due to input DC-bus 120 Hz ripple. Just as with a ZVS-phase-shift full-bridge converter, the proposed converter achieves ZVS in a wide load range, as a function of the transformer leakage inductance. The paper describes the analysis, operating principles, and design procedure for the proposed converter. Experimental results from a 1.5 kW prototype converter operating at 100 kHz with isolated 60 V/25 A output are presented to validate the theoretical analysis and to demonstrate the performance of the proposed converter.
Education and Young People - Forces for Change? (2000)

The United Nations 2000 World Disaster Reduction Campaign was conducted with the theme 'disaster reduction, education and youth' and the main aim of building a culture of prevention through educational channels by which the youth play an active role in reducing the impact of disasters in the future. The campaign targeted the students as they can learn easily and care about making the world a safer place and encouraging their participation also helps them in developing a greater sense of their own responsibilities.
Electronic image stabilization system based on global feature tracking (2008)

A new robust electronic image stabilization system is presented, which involves feature-point, tracking based global motion estimation and Kalman filtering based motion compensation. First, global motion is estimated from the local motions of selected feature points. Considering the local moving objects or the inevitable mismatch, the matching validation, based on the stable relative distance between the points set is proposed, thus maintaining high accuracy and robustness. Next, the global motion parameters are accumulated for correction by Kalman filteration. The experimental result illustrates that the proposed system is effective to stabilize translational, rotational, and zooming jitter and robust to local motions.
A controlled study on the effect of beta-glucan-rich oat bran on serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects: relation to apolipoprotein E phenotype. (1992)

The effects of beta-glucan-rich oat bran on serum lipids and lipoproteins were examined in a randomized 8-week study. After a 4-week run-in phase, subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia [serum total cholesterol (TC) 5.5-8.5 mmol/l] on cholesterol-lowering diets were randomly allocated to an oat bran (10.3 g beta-glucan/day) or wheat bran group. Thirty-six subjects (20 in the oat bran group, 16 in the wheat bran group) completed the study. The diet was identical in both groups during the trial and no significant changes in body weight were found. Serum TC and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly declined in the oat bran group during the first 4 weeks from 7.03 +/- 0.81 to 6.72 +/- 0.97 (p = 0.028) and from 4.90 +/- 0.69 to 4.61 +/- 0.89 mmol/l (p = 0.038), respectively, but at 8 weeks the values were not significantly different from baseline. Changes in serum TC were mainly confined to those who ate at least two-thirds of the planned daily dose of oat bran. In wheat bran group no changes were observed in serum TC or LDL-C levels. Apolipoprotein A1 and B did not change significantly in either group. Only subjects with apolipoprotein E 3/3 phenotype (n = 12) had hypocholesterolemic response to oat bran at 4 weeks, but no change was found in those with apolipoprotein E 4/4 or 4/3 (n = 7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Antibacterial effect of composite incorporating Triclosan against Streptococcus mutans. (1995)

It has been shown that composite incorporating the antibacterial agent Triclosan (Irgasan DP 300, which is sparingly soluble in water, inhibited in vitro plaque formation by Streptococcus mutans, although the release of the agent was much less than the minimum inhibitory concentration for the bacterium. In this study, the inhibitory effect of the composite incorporating 1% Triclosan against growth and adherence of S. mutans was investigated. S. mutans was inoculated on the surface of a specimen made of control or Triclosan-incorporated composite and the number of bacteria was compared after 3, 6, 12 and 24 hr of incubation. The adherence of S. mutans to the control and experimental composite, with or without saliva treatment, was also examined by scanning electron microscopy. The composite incorporating Triclosan demonstrated significant inhibition of growth of S. mutans after 6, 12 and 24 hr of incubation. Adherence of S. mutans to the Triclosan-incorporated composite was less compared with control for both non-treated and saliva-treated specimens. It is concluded that the antiplaque effect of composite incorporating Triclosan depends upon its ability to inhibit bacterial growth and adherence, and Triclosan-incorporated composite is able to exhibit the antibacterial activity even after being treated with saliva.
Molecular cloning and functional expression of human connexin37, an endothelial cell gap junction protein. (1993)

Gap junctions allow direct intercellular coupling between many cells including those in the blood vessel wall. They are formed by a group of related proteins called connexins, containing conserved transmembrane and extracellular domains, but unique cytoplasmic regions that may confer connexin-specific physiological properties. We used polymerase chain reaction amplification and cDNA library screening to clone DNA encoding a human gap junction protein, connexin37 (Cx37). The derived human Cx37 polypeptide contains 333 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 37,238 D. RNA blots demonstrate that Cx37 is expressed in multiple organs and tissues (including heart, uterus, ovary, and blood vessel endothelium) and in primary cultures of vascular endothelial cells. Cx37 mRNA is coexpressed with connexin43 at similar levels in some endothelial cells, but at much lower levels in others. To demonstrate that Cx37 could form functional channels, we stably transfected communication-deficient Neuro2A cells with the Cx37 cDNA. The induced intercellular channels were studied by the double whole cell patch clamp technique. These channels were reversibly inhibited by the uncoupling agent, heptanol (2 mM). The expressed Cx37 channels exhibited multiple conductance levels and showed a pronounced voltage dependence. These electrophysiological characteristics are similar to, but distinct from, those of previously characterized connexins.
Single-phase single-electron digital circuits (1997)

An approach to synchronous single-electron digital circuits is described in which only one clocking signal is required. Such designs may facilitate the development of clock distribution methods with the excellent scaling properties needed if a practical single-electronics technology is ever to be realized.
Orchestrating network function virtualization platform: Migration or re-instantiation? (2017)

Network function virtualization (NFV) provokes the evolution of network functions to overcome various challenges facing the network service providers (NSPs). To exploit the advantages of the virtualization technology, NFV platforms should use the cloud environment to provide their services. Typically, an NFV service is represented by a service function chain (SFC) that consists of multiple virtualized network functions (VNFs). Hosting and orchestrating these VNFs in a cloud environment are challenging tasks. In this paper, we discuss the VNF orchestration problem from the perspective of VNF's migration and re-instantiation mechanism to achieve carrier grade-aware NFV services in a cloud-based platform. This paper also provides detailed insights on the NFV system modeling, building blocks, and various challenges hindering its cloud adoption. Also, a novel mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model is proposed as a solution to facilitate the NFV platform orchestration in a cloud environment. The model decides between triggering either VNF's migration or re instantiation while achieving minimal downtime of the VNF, satisfying carrier grade requirements, and finding an optimal placement for the migrated or re-instantiated VNF that minimizes the SFC delays. The proposed model is compared to two availability-agnostic greedy algorithms. The simulation results show that finding an optimized decision whether to migrate or re-instantiate a VNF while associating it with an optimal placement can achieve a minimal VNF's downtime and SFCs delays and can enhance the quality of service accordingly.
Ongoing Development of a Low Emission Industrial Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber (1980)

Experiments were performed in laboratory-and full-scale combustors to test the feasibility of meeting proposed EPA emission standards. It was found that by uniformly mixing gaseous fuel and primary zone air prior to combustion and burning fuel leanly (equivalence ratio <1.0), it was possible to meet the proposed emission standards in an industrial gas turbine. The characteristic narrow range of flame stability obtained with lean premix combustion necessitated the use of fuel staging or variable geometry to handle the operational range of the engine. Fuel staging was selected for its relative simplicity. Consequently, EPA proposed emission standards were met only over a narrow range covering the engine operation at and near the design point. Experiments on small scale models of various sizes operated with gaseous and liquid fuels showed that, contrary to expectation, NOx production from a lean premix combustion system is independent of the system pressure in the pressure range investigated (1 atm to 16 atm). The desirability of high combustor inlet temperature and pressure for premixing was indicated. Despite the complexities of premixing fuel and air, such a combustion system, in addition to meeting the proposed emission standards, offers advantages such as easing of combustor wall cooling problems, improved combustor exit temperature distribution, and freedom from exhaust and primary zone smoke.
Thermal conductivity of boron carbides (1985)

Knowledge of the thermal conductivity of boron carbide is necessary to evaluate its potential for high-temperature thermoelectric energy conversion applications. Measurements have been conducted of the thermal diffusivity of hot-pressed boron carbide BxC samples as a function of composition (x in the range from 4 to 9), temperature (300-1700 K), and temperature cycling. These data, in concert with density and specific-heat data, yield the thermal conductivities of these materials. The results are discussed in terms of a structural model that has been previously advanced to explain the electronic transport data. Some novel mechanisms for thermal conduction are briefly discussed.
Cylindrical pillars in silicon PCR chip enhance the performance of DNA amplification (2005)

This paper presents a new design of a silicon PCR chamber with cylindrical pillars on the bottom which showed good performance in heat transfer and DNA amplification efficiency comparable to thermocycler. We successfully amplified the full DNA sequence of N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2) gene, cancer related gene, from the genomic DNA. NAT2 transfers the acetyl moiety to toxic compounds coming into the cell. Acetylated toxic compounds may change their 3D structure and lose toxic activities. We observed temperature difference between top and bottom of PCR mixture even by more than 7/spl deg/C when general PCR micro chamber was heated and adjusted to be a constant temperature by electric power (data not shown). This may influence bad effects on the yield and reproducibility of DNA amplification in PCR lab-on-a-chip. Cylindrical pillars expanding surface area facing to PCR mixture are thought to be helpful to get higher efficiency of heat transfer. We also made a thin film type of heater through FPC manufacturing process. That requires low cost and is applicable for mass production. Pillar-formed PCR chamber and FPC film heater showed good performance of DNA amplification, comparable to thermocycler and higher than that of nonpillar PCR chamber.
The innervation of the muscles of continence. (1986)

Electrophysiological evidence is presented that suggests that the innervation of the human puborectalis muscle differs from that of the external anal sphincter muscle. The latter is innervated by branches of the pudendal nerves, and the former by direct branches of the sacral plexus that enter the muscle from its pelvic surface. The striated urinary sphincter musculature also receives a dual innervation. The periurethral component is innervated by perineal branches of the pudendal nerves and the intramural portion by a different pathway, probably consisting of supralevator branches derived from the pelvic nerves. These findings are relevant to understanding the embryological derivation of these muscles and have practical importance in the surgery of this region of the body, particularly in the treatment of incontinence.
Fungi Associated with the Subterranean Termite Reticulitermes flavipes in Ontario (1990)

In a survey of the mycoflora associated with Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) subterranean termite populations in Ontario, Canada, forty species of fungi were isolated. These included both cellulolytic fungi and potential pathogens. Twenty-one fungal species were cultured from living termites. Observations of isolates from field collections, and the low diversity of fungi in declining laboratory termite colonies, suggest that interactions among fungi may suppress pathogenic effects and promote termite survival.
Annealing Study of EuO Films Doped with Iron and Europium (1971)

Fe doped and Eu doped EuO films when annealed in vacuum exhibit large changes in the magnetic, electrical, optical, and magneto-optical properties. Annealing for 5 min at 500°C causes the Curie temperature to drop from 150° to 70°K. This effect is related to the insolubility of iron and excess europium in EuO. The annealing temperature for the iron is somewhat higher (500°C) than the annealing temperature for the excess europium (300°C).
A UHF Near-Field RFID System With Fully Integrated Transponder (2008)

This paper presents an RF identification (RFID) system with a fully integrated transponder. To enable the on-chip integration of the tag's antenna, it is suggested to employ near-field coupling at high-frequency ranges, i.e., the UHF band. The RFID system including the reader and key blocks of the transponder is designed and fabricated in a standard CMOS 0.18-mum process. The system operates at 900 MHz with the coverage range of over 0.4 cm. The tag's antenna is integrated on-chip without using any special process. The reader employs multiple coils to increase its coverage area. Using a proper output network, the reader can deliver a current of 225 mA (rms) to its coil, which is designed on a printed circuit board.
Fuzzy logic (1995)

Due to highly successful practical applications, developed primarily in Japan, fuzzy logic is receiving considerable attention. In this context, "fuzzy logic" is broadly viewed as a system for dealing with reasoning that is approximate rather than exact. In the narrow sense, the term refers to a generalization of the various many-valued logics. This narrow sense of fuzzy logic is not of interest here. Fuzzy sets, upon which fuzzy logic is based, and some basic ideas pertaining to their theory were first introduced in 1965 by Lotfi A. Zadeh. The reaction to his rather radical proposal was mixed. A few scholars greeted it with enthusiasm, but many expressed skepticism, and some were even openly hostile. Three rather natural phases in the development of fuzzy set theory and the derivative fuzzy logic followed. (1) The "academic phase" (1965-77) characterized by the development of the basic ideas of fuzzy set theory and some initial speculations about its prospective applications. The outcome was a rather small number of publications by a small number of contributors, primarily from the academic community. (2) The "transformation phase" (1978-1988) characterized by significant advances in theory and some initial evidence of successful practical applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Organomanganous Reagents; IX<sup>1</sup>. Preparation of Various Halogenated, Alkoxylated, Aryloxylated, and Arylsulfenylated Ketones from Correspondingly Functionalized Carboxylic Acid Chlorides or Anhydrides (1984)

Preparation d'halogenocetones, cetoethers, cetosulfines par reaction des iodures d'alkyle-manganese avec des chlorures d'acyle ou avec des anhydrides
Extraction of volume-produced H− ions from a multicusp source (1983)

H− ions formed by volume processes are extracted from a multicusp ion source. It is shown that a permanent magnet filter together with a small positive bias voltage on the plasma grid can produce a very significant reduction in electron drain as well as a sizable increase in H− ions available for extraction. A further reduction in electron current is achieved by installing a pair of ceramic magnets at the extraction aperture. The combined arrangement improves the ratio of extracted H− ion current to electron current to about unity.
Nonlinear Static Analysis for Seismic Performance Evaluation of Multi-Span Bridges Considering Effect of Equivalent SDOF Methods (2006)

The capacity spectrum method (CSM) can be used to simply estimate the maximum displacement response of the nonlinear structures. To evaluate seismic performance of multi-span bridges using the CSM, the representative response for structural system should be derived from the multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) responses by using the equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (ESDOF) method. The ESDOF method is used to calculate the capacity curve of the structural system from the pushover curves of all piers or structural members estimated by the pushover analysis. In order to evaluate an accuracy of ESDOF methods used in the CSM, the maximum displacements estimated by the CSM incorporating the several ESDOF methods are compared to those by the inelastic time-history analysis for several artificial earthquakes corresponding to the design spectrum.