gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A similarity-based prognostics approach for Remaining Useful Life estimation of engineered systems (2008)

This paper presents a similarity-based approach for estimating the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) in prognostics. The approach is especially suitable for situations in which abundant run-to-failure data for an engineered system are available. Data from multiple units of the same system are used to create a library of degradation patterns. When estimating the RUL of a test unit, the data from it will be matched to those patterns in the library and the actual life of those matched units will be used as the basis of estimation. This approach is used to tackle the data challenge problem defined by the 2008 PHM Data Challenge Competition, in which, run-to-failure data of an unspecified engineered system are provided and the RUL of a set of test units will be estimated. Results show that the similarity-based approach is very effective in performing RUL estimation.
Closed solution of the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm for fast decoding of BCH codes (1990)

The most complicated step in decoding BCH codes is the algebraic operation of converting the syndrome vector derived from a received data vector into an error location polynomial over the finite field GF (2/sup m/). The classic method uses Berlekamp's iterative algorithm to fill rows of a table with various quantities including partial polynomials until a maximum row is reached. Where this occurs depends on the distance of the code. This process is tedious, time-consuming, and is difficult to realize in hardware. The complete closed solution to the algorithm for each t<or=5 is presented as a set of decision trees. The only computation required is the numeric evaluation of one formula over GF (2/sup m/) at each level of the tree as well as the evaluation of a formula for each coefficient in the resulting polynomial. The closed solution is more easily realized in hardware or software than the iterative algorithm, and it is shown by simulation that the closed solution is considerably faster even though some of the formulas are rather long. Also, the closed formulas can be proven correct, where it is almost impossible to totally verify an implementation of the iterative method.<<ETX>>
Heritable True Fitness and Bright Birds: A Role for Parasites? (1982)

Combination of seven surveys of blood parasites in North American passerines reveals weak, highly significant association over species between incidence of chronic blood infections (five genera of protozoa and one nematode) and striking display (three characters: male "brightness," female "brightness," and male song). This result conforms to a model of sexual selection in which (i) coadaptational cycles of host and parasites generate consistently positive offspring-on-parent regression of fitness, and (ii) animals choose mates for genetic disease resistance by scrutiny of characters whose full expression is dependent on health and vigor.
Robust timing and frequency synchronization techniques for OFDM-FDMA systems (2006)

In this paper, robust timing & frequency synchronization techniques for OFDMA (OFDM-FDMA) systems is presented. Under the multi-path channel environment of ITU-R M. 1225, detection probability, false alarm, missing probability, and mean acquisition time of the proposed timing synchronization scheme are compared with the existing method of T.M. Scmidl et al, (1997) to demonstrate the excellence of the proposed scheme. MSE (mean square error) and signal constellation to show the performance of carrier frequency offset estimation is also addressed in this paper.
GHz response of metamorphic InAlAs metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector on GaAs substrate (2014)

We fabricated metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) photodetectors on the metamorphic InAlAs layer grown on a GaAs substrate. The devices were measured at a wavelength in the 0.8 µm regime. The receiving area is 30 × 30 µm 2 and the electrode spacings are 2, 1, and 0.4 µm. At the electrode spacing of 1 µm, a dark current of 125 nA was obtained at a bias voltage of −15 V. At a wavelength of 830 nm, a responsivity of 0.13 A/W was obtained at a bias voltage of −15 V. At a wavelength of 850 nm, the maximum bandwidth of 9 GHz was obtained at a bias voltage of −15 V.
Timing for the Introduction of Cycled Light for Extremely Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2017)

Day-night cycled light improves health outcomes in preterm infants, yet the best time to institute cycled light is unclear. The hypothesis of this study was that extremely preterm infants receiving early cycled light would have better health and developmental outcomes than infants receiving late cycled light. Infants born at ≤28 weeks gestation were randomly assigned to early cycled light (ECL) starting at 28 weeks postmenstrual age [PMA] or late cycled light (LCL), starting at 36 weeks PMA. Daylight was 200-600 lux and night was 5-30 lux. Primary outcomes were weight over time and length of hospitalization. Secondary outcomes were hospital costs, sleep development, and neurodevelopment at 9, 18, and 24 months corrected age. Of 121 infants randomized, 118 were included in analysis. Weight gain in the two groups did not differ significantly but increased across time in both groups. In PMA weeks 36-44, the mean weight gain was 193.8 grams in the ECL group compared to 176.3 grams in the LCL group. Effect sizes for weight were Cohen d = 0.26 and 0.36 for 36 and 44 weeks PMA. Infants in the ECL group went home an average of 5.5 days earlier than the LCL group, but this difference was not statistically significant. There were no group differences on neurodevelopmental outcomes. Although statistically non-significant, clinically important differences of improved weight gain and decreased hospital stay were observed with ECL. The small observed effect sizes on weight during hospitalization should be considered in future cycled light research with extremely preterm infants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lime–alumina–silica vitreous ceramic processing incorporating wollastonite (1999)

Improvements in mechanical and physical properties of advanced ceramics have been undermined by high processing costs and the reputation of unpredictable reliability. One potential technique to address this situation is to use a naturally occurring mineral to develop new ceramic microstructures using a simple processing technique. The system chosen for potential development was an alumina ceramic modified using 20 wt-% wollastonite (CaSiO3 ). Green body production was carried out by wet processing optimised by rheological measurements. The best conditions were found to be a pH of 3 using 1500 ppm BETZ (dispersant) processed at ∼0·35 volume fraction of solids in a water based suspension. Thermal analysis revealed that the optimum sintering procedure involved vitreous composite sintering for 15 min at 1500°C followed by an air quench. This glass ceramic was then devitrified using a heat treatment at 1032°C (4 h) followed by 4 h at 1200°C. The final material of 68 wt-% alumina, with anorthite and gehlenite, had a high indentation toughness (6·2 MPa m1/2 ) and an improved thermal expansion coefficient. Thus, the new material should be attractive as a low cost material for anti-abrasion applications at elevated temperatures.
The Interlisp Programming Environment (1981)

Integration, extensibility, and ease of modification made Interlisp unique and powerful. Its adaptations will enhance the power of the coming world of personal computing and advanced displays.
Prepulse Inhibition Deficits and Perseverative Motor Patterns in Dopamine Transporter Knock-Out Mice: Differential Effects of D1 and D2 Receptor Antagonists (2001)

Dopamine is known to regulate several behavioral phenomena, including sensorimotor gating and aspects of motor activity. The roles of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in these behaviors have been documented in the rat literature, but few reports exist on their role in mice. We used dopamine transporter (DAT) (-/-) mice to examine the behavioral consequences of a chronically hyperdopaminergic state, challenging them with the preferential dopamine D2 receptor antagonist raclopride and D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390. At baseline, DAT (-/-) mice exhibited deficient sensorimotor gating as measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response, exhibited nonfocal preservative patterns of locomotion, and were hyperactive in a novel environment. Pretreatment with raclopride significantly increased PPI in the DAT (-/-) mice, whereas SCH23390 had no significant effect. Blockade of D2 receptors did not affect the predominantly straight patterns of motor behavior produced by the DAT (-/-) mice, but antagonism of D1 receptors significantly attenuated the preservative patterns, producing more of a meandering behavior seen in the DAT (+/+) control mice. Both D1 and D2 receptor antagonists decreased the hyperactivity seen in the DAT (-/-) mice. These findings support the role of the D2, but not the D1, receptor in the modulation of PPI in mice. Furthermore, D1 receptor activation appears to be the critical substrate for the expression of preservative patterns of motor behavior, whereas both D1 and D2 receptors appear to regulate the amount of motor activity.
Fabrication of Lead Titanate Thin Film by Laser Ablation with Alternate Deposition of Lead Oxide and Titanium Oxide Precursors (1994)

Preferentially oriented PbTiO 3 thin films have been deposited on Si and Pt substrates by the laser ablation method using an ArF excimer laser. First, PbO and TiO 2 ceramic targets are evaporated alternately, and PbTiO 3 film is prepared on a Si substrate with natural oxide in a fixed stoichiometric ratio which was achieved by controlling the number of irradiation pulses. The obtained film shows a preferred a -axis orientation. Secondly, a TiO 2 buffer layer is formed on Si a substrate with natural oxide. The lead lanthanum titanate (PLT) film deposited on this buffered layer has a preferred a -axis orientation.
A versatile and convenient method for the synthesis of substituted benzo[a]carbazoles and pyrido[2,3-a]carbazoles (2000)

Treatment of 2-(o-tolyl)- or 2-(3-methyl-2-pyridyl)-substituted indole-3-carbaldehydes with potassium tert-butoxide in DMF at 70–80 °C with simultaneous irradiation from a 400 W high-pressure mercury lamp afforded benzo[a]carbazoles and pyrido[2,3-a]carbazoles respectively in good yields.
Capillarity Induced Negative Pressure of Water Plugs in Nanochannels (2003)

We have found evidence that water plugs in hydrophilic nanochannels can be at significant negative pressure due to tensile capillary forces. The negative pressure of water plugs in nanochannels induces bending of the thin channel capping layer, which results in a visible curvature of the liquid meniscus. From a detailed analysis of the meniscus curvature, the amount of bending of the channel capping can be calculated and used to determine the negative pressure of the liquid. For water plugs in silicon oxide nanochannels of 108 nm height, a negative pressure of 17 ± 10 bar was found. The absence of cavitation at such large negative pressures is explained by the fact that the critical radius for seeding cavities (bubbles) is comparable to the channel height. Scaling analysis of capillarity induced negative pressure shows that absence of cavitation is expected at other channel heights as well.
Recent Developments In Family Limited Partnerships (1998)

Several recent private letter rulings have jolted limited partnerships in general and family limited partnerships in particular. Although the limited partnership and other types of entities with similar features continue to be useful business planning tools, these developments will likely curb some of the more aggressive applications of the limited partnership concept. Care is warranted in drafting and implementing business plans involving all types of pass-through entities where the rulings could be applied. The limited partnership is not completely unique in these respects.
Unateness Properties of and-Exclusive-or Logic Circuits (1974)

Reordering the terms of a Reed-Muller or ring sum expansion of a switching function expressed in terms of the Boolean ring operations AND and EXCLUSIVE OR in a more natural way exploits the similarities between these expressions and unate functions and displays mathematical structure which apparently has not been noted before. McNaughton's n orderings on the n cube appear in a new setting and lead quickly to simple but geometrically satisfying theorems dealing with a matrix of coefficients of all 2n ring sum expressions for various polarities of inputs. The structure of these matrices for minterms, implicants, and functions are shown to have simple and attractive forms. An algorithm is presented which allows simple determination of a ring sum realization using logic array notation, and which can also be used to find minimum cost polarities. A second algorithm allows nonexhaustive and near-optimal handling of functions with DON'T CARE conditions.
Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Immunoreactivity in Melanoma Cells (1990)

Using a radioimmunoassay specific for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), significant levels of immunoreactivity were detected in a range of murine and human melanoma cell lines, including a series of ras-transfected melanocytes. The levels found in the melanoma cell lines tested varied, and overall were higher than in non-melanoma cell lines assayed for comparison. Furthermore the highest levels of immunoreactivity measured tended to be in the least differentiated and most metastatic melanoma lines. High performance liquid chromatography showed a peak of immunoreactivity which co-migrated with a desacetyl alpha-MSH standard. Additional unidentified components of immunoreactivity were found, including a high molecular weight form revealed by Sephadex-G50 gel exclusion. These may represent bound alpha-MSH or fragments of the proopiomelanocortin precursor having in common the C-terminus epitope recognised by the antibody. In view of the known effects of alpha-MSH on anchorage independent growth and metastasis of melanoma cells, our findings raise the possibility that MSH peptides may have an autocrine role in the growth and progression of melanoma. However, further characterisation of the immunoreactive species is required to determine whether these represent biologically active forms.
Growth- and tumor-promoting effects of deregulated BCL2 in human B-lymphoblastoid cells. (1989)

Human follicular B-cell lymphomas possess a t(14;18) that translocates a putative protooncogene, BCL2, into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. The normal BCL2 gene is quiescent in resting B cells, expressed in proliferating, but down-regulated in differentiated B cells. Inappropriately high levels of BCL2-immunoglobulin chimeric RNA are present in t(14;18) lymphomas for their mature B-cell stage. We examined the biologic effects of BCL2 deregulation in human B cells by introducing BCL2 into human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) with retroviral gene transfer. Although deregulated BCL2 expression as a single agent was not sufficient to confer tumorigenicity to LCLs, it consistently produced a 3- to 4-fold increment in LCL clonogenicity in soft agar. In addition, BCL2 deregulation complements the transforming effects of the MYC oncogene in LCLs. BCL2 augmented the clonogenicity of LCLs bearing exogenous MYC and increased the frequency and shortened the latency of tumor induction in immunodeficient mice. These results demonstrate a role for BCL2 as a protooncogene that affects B-cell growth and enhances B-cell neoplasia.
A Maximum Likelihood Method for Region-of-Interest Evaluation in Emission Tomography (1986)

A maximum likelihood (ML) estimation method, called the ML-ROI algorithm, is presented for the calculation of region-of-interest (ROI) values from emission tomography scans. The EM algorithm is used to directly estimate ROI values from tomographic projection data given the location, size, and shape of all ROIs. The algorithm requires for the specification of a detailed model of the physical factors contributing to projection measurements including resolution and attenuation. The ML-ROI algorithm also provides an estimate of the variability of the ROI estimator (covariance matrix). The algorithm was tested with simulation and phantom data and compared with ROI estimation strategies using filtered backprojection (FBP) images. The ML-ROI estimates were unbiased, i.e., the partial volume effect was eliminated. Except for regions smaller than the detector resolution, the variability of the ML estimates was comparable to or less than the biased FBP estimators. Computation time for the ML-ROI algorithm was between 5 and 10 s/iteration. An evaluation of the sensitivity of the algorithm to misdefinition of the location and size of the ROIs was also performed.
Window designs for DFT-based multicarrier systems (2005)

We consider window designs for discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based multicarrier transceivers without using extra cyclic prefix. As in previous works of window designs for DFT-based transceivers, a postprocessing matrix that is generally channel dependent, is needed to have a zero-forcing receiver. We show that postprocessing is channel independent if and only if the window itself has the cyclic-prefixed property. We design optimal windows with minimum spectral leakage subject to the cyclic-prefixed condition. Moreover, we analyze how postprocessing affects the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver, which is an aspect that is not considered in most of the earlier works. The resulting SNR can be given in a closed form. Join optimization of spectral leakage and SNR are also considered. Furthermore, examples demonstrate that we can have a significant reduction in spectral leakage at the cost of a small SNR loss. In addition to cyclic-prefixed systems, window designs for zero-padded DFT-based transceivers are considered. For the zero-padded transceivers, windows that minimize spectral leakage can also be designed.
Detection of Copper Ions Through Recovery of the Fluorescence of DNA-Templated Copper/Silver Nanoclusters in the Presence of Mercaptopropionic Acid (2010)

We have developed a simple and homogeneous fluorescence assay, comprised of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and DNA-Cu/Ag nanoclusters (NCs) in aqueous solution, for the detection of Cu(2+) ions. The fluorescence of the DNA-Cu/Ag NCs was quenched by MPA, which was recovered in the presence of Cu(2+) ions. This MPA-induced fluorescence quenching arises through changes in the DNA conformation that occur after interactions between MPA and the Cu/Ag clusters. The MPA-induced fluorescence quenching displayed typical characteristics in Stern-Volmer plots; it followed a static quenching mechanism. The presence of Cu(2+) ions resulted in the oxidation of MPA to form a disulfide compound, leading to recovery of the fluorescence of the DNA-Cu/Ag NCs. The fluorescence of the DNA-Cu/Ag NCs in the presence of MPA increased upon increasing the concentration of Cu(2+) ions over the range from 5 to 200 nM. The DNA-Cu/Ag NC probe provided the limit of detection (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) for Cu(2+) ions of 2.7 nM, with high selectivity (by at least 2300-fold over other tested metal ions). We validated the practicality of using this probe for the detection of Cu(2+) ions in environmental samples through analyses of Montana soil and pond water samples.
Nonlocal Means Denoising of ECG Signals (2012)

Patch-based methods have attracted significant attention in recent years within the field of image processing for a variety of problems including denoising, inpainting, and super-resolution interpolation. Despite their prevalence for processing 2-D signals, they have received little attention in the 1-D signal processing literature. In this letter, we explore application of one such method, the nonlocal means (NLM) approach, to the denoising of biomedical signals. Using ECG as an example, we demonstrate that a straightforward NLM-based denoising scheme provides signal-to-noise ratio improvements very similar to state of the art wavelet-based methods, while giving ~3 × or greater reduction in metrics measuring distortion of the denoised waveform.
Endovascular coils as lung tumour markers in real-time tumour tracking stereotactic radiotherapy: preliminary results (2008)

To evaluate the use of endovascular coils as markers for respiratory motion correction during high-dose stereotactic radiotherapy with the CyberKnife, an image-guided linear accelerator mounted on a robotic arm. Endovascular platinum embolisation coils were used to mark intrapulmonary lesions. The coils were placed in subsegmental pulmonary artery branches in close proximity to the target tumour. This procedure was attempted in 25 patients who were considered unsuitable candidates for standard transthoracic percutaneous insertion. Vascular coils (n = 87) were successfully inserted in 23 of 25 patients. Only minor complications were observed: haemoptysis during the procedure (one patient), development of pleural pain and fever on the day of procedure (one patient), and development of small infiltrative changes distal to the vascular coil (five patients). Fifty-seven coils (66% of total inserted number) could be used as tumour markers for delivery of biologically highly effective radiation doses with automated tracking during CyberKnife radiotherapy. Endovascular markers are safe and allow high-dose radiotherapy of lung tumours with CyberKnife, also in patients who are unsuitable candidates for standard transthoracic percutaneous marker insertion.
Study of continuous and pulsed X-ray induced partial discharge statistical behaviour in epoxy samples (2004)

A preliminary study of induced partial discharge behavior in epoxy samples by continuous and pulsed X-ray is described. Phase resolved partial discharge analysis is recorded as a function of X-ray beam intensity and trigger angle. It is shown that the amplitude of the distributions of partial discharge as a function of applied voltage phase angle is proportional to X-ray beam intensity. For pulsed X-ray induced partial discharge the probability range of larger occurrence is between 60 and 78 degrees.
Resistance of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Biofilms to Sanitizing Agents in a Simulated Food Processing Environment (2006)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes to sanitizing agents under laboratory conditions simulating a food processing environment. Biofilms were initially formed on stainless steel and Teflon coupons using a five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes. The coupons were then subjected to repeated 24-h daily cycles. Each cycle consisted of three sequential steps: (i) a brief (60 s) exposure of the coupons to a sanitizing agent (a mixture of peroxides) or saline as a control treatment, (ii) storage of the coupons in sterile plastic tubes without any nutrients or water for 15 h, (iii) and incubation of the coupons in diluted growth medium for 8 h. This regimen was repeated daily for up to 3 weeks and was designed to represent stresses encountered by bacteria in a food processing environment. The bacteria on the coupons were reduced in number during the first week of the simulated food processing (SFP) regimen, but then adapted to the stressful conditions and increased in number. Biofilms repeatedly exposed the peroxide sanitizer in the SFP regimen developed resistance to the peroxide sanitizer as well as other sanitizers (quaternary ammonium compounds and chlorine). Interestingly, cells that were removed from the biofilms on peroxide-treated and control coupons were not significantly different in their resistance to sanitizing agents. These data suggest that the resistance of the treated biofilms to sanitizing agents may be due to attributes of extracellular polymeric substances and is not an intrinsic attribute of the cells in the biofilm.