gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Laser Attach Technology on a Monolithic Silicon Photonics Platform (2021)

We report the hybrid flip-chip integration of III-V laser on a monolithic silicon photonics (SiPh) platform. Wafer-scale laser attach was demonstrated with the assistance of a laser cavity on a Si substrate. The attach process was accomplished through precise optical and mechanical alignment features on the laser and SiPh wafer. Efficient laser-to-photonic integrated circuit (PIC) butt-coupling with optical power up to 11 dBm was achieved through a combination of precise mechanical stops and optical alignment features. Key laser performance metrics such as mode hopping and relative intensity noise (RIN) vs. reflectivity were also studied. The impact of laser-PIC alignment on the coupling efficiency was studied through comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) numerical modeling. Simulations were also performed to explore different coupler designs for optimized laser coupling performance.
Research on designing method of CAN bus and Modbus protocol conversion interface (2009)

Fieldbus has become one of the most active fields in industrial data bus area. However, fieldbus standards are not uniform at present, which brings many difficulties to different industrial control equipments from different manufacturers to connect their devices to others. CAN bus and Modbus bus are two kinds of more popular buses in industrial control systems. This paper analyses these two bus protocol, proposes a protocol conversion interface designing methods, and gives a detailed hardware and software designing process, which solves these two different bus devices connected issues.
Feasibility Demonstration of Fiber Optic Digital Status Monitoring Devices. (1978)

This report covers the development and testing of feasibility models of a family of inherently digital fiber optic status-monitoring sensors which sense liquid level, linear displacement, fluid flow rate, strain, pressure and temperature as well as count physical events. In all cases, the sensors are electrically passive. All excitation is in the form of optical power supplied via fiber optics. All response signals are in the form of optical power transmitted via fiber optics. All response signals are inherently digital, i.e. they do not employ analog/digital conversion. Design considerations, performance data and recommendations for further investigation are included. Optical fibers, because of their very small geometry, offer a whole new approach to the precise sensing of small changes in various physical parameters. Sensors employing fiber optics enjoy the many inherent advantages of fiber optics, which include interference immunity, resistance to environmental conditions, small physical size and light weight. Digital fiber optic sensors are a natural adjunct to digital data systems for the above reasons and because no analog/digital conversion is required. (Author)
Filtering of Defects in Integrated Circuits with Orientation Independence (1971)

Defect enhancement in semiconductor wafers is shown to be possible by spatial frequency filtering without the necessity for filter alignment. The technique depends on the wafer being sufficiently periodic. Coherent optical and digital computer simulation results are presented.
New Proppants for Deep Gas Well Stimulation (1981)

ABSTRACT Existing high strength proppants have desirable strength characteristics for propping deep hydraulic fractures, but also have high specific gravities and high cost when compared to sand. A low specific gravity proppant would reduce costs and improve fracture control. Theoretical stress and strength analyses suggest that porous and hollow ceramics offer an alternative to dense proppants. Fracture conductivity as a function of closure pressure was experimentally determined for several materials. Good correlation of experimental results with theory was observed for solid and porous proppants. Fabrication methods for the production of inexpensive lightweight proppants are discussed. Spray drying into a fluidized bed appears to be a viable method for producing both porous and hollow proppants. Characterization of spray dried proppants is discussed as well as materials which may be effective lightweight proppants. Areas of emphasis for future research are discussed.
Inhibition of the Dimerization and Active Site of HIV-1 Protease by Secondary Metabolites from the Vietnamese Mushroom <i>Ganoderma colossum</i> (2009)

A new farnesyl hydroquinone, ganomycin I (1), was isolated along with ganomycin B (2) from the chloroform extract of the fruiting bodies of the Vietnamese mushroom Ganoderma colossum. These compounds inhibited HIV-1 protease with IC50 values of 7.5 and 1.0 microg/mL, respectively. Kinetic studies using Zhang-Poorman and Lineweaver plots revealed that compound 2 competitively inhibited the active site of the enzyme, whereas the tetracyclic triterpene schisanlactone A, previously isolated from the same fungus, was a dimerization inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 5.0 microg/mL. The previous findings were also confirmed by the virtual docking of both compounds with HIV-1 protease crystal structure.
Composition of Coconut Shells (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComposition of Coconut ShellsReginald Child and S. RamanathanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 6, 1506–1507Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01273a501https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01273a501research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views559Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Progesterone Receptor Expression in Human Saphenous Veins (1995)

These results indicate that human saphenous veins from both sexes express PR, as previously described for arterial blood vessels. This observation suggests that progesterone acts directly on these veins via a classic receptor-mediated pathway.
What are the candidate groups for pharmacotherapeutic intervention to prevent asthma? (2000)

Despite the development of many new therapies for the treatment of asthma, the prevalence of this disease is still increasing in many areas of the world. Today no intervention is able to completely cure asthma but chronic therapies could decrease its severity. Moreover, asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood and its pharmacoeconomic burden is huge. Epidemiologic studies have identified some of the major factors involved in the pathogenesis and evolution of asthma. Several prevention programs have been developed in different countries with various success rates. Most of those interventions were based on allergen avoidance. From studies aimed at controlling early asthma and from epidemiologic data, we have learned to identify high-risk groups, e.g, the atopic child with allergic asthma, with a family history of asthma or allergy-related disease and early sensitization to aeroallergens. Only a few prospective studies aimed at preventing the onset of asthma have been published. With ketotifen, Iikura et al. could prevent the onset of asthma after a 1-year period in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis. Another study has been published by Bustos et al. concerning children with a family history of allergy and high total IgE levels. Those studies involved about 100 patients. No follow-up data has been published for either of them. Recently, the first results from the ETAC (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial have been reported. This study involved 817 atopic children with atopic dermatitis and a family history of atopy: cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups (200 children) sensitized to house dust mite (51.5% versus 28.6%) or pollen (58.8% versus 27.8%). The optimal target for pharmaceutical intervention to prevent asthma would seem to be high risk patients: children with atopic dermatitis, a family history of asthma or atopic disease and early sensitization to aeroallergens. Primary prevention in whole populations (e.g. starting even before the onset of atopic dermatitis or allergen sensitization) does not at present appear to be a realistic approach.
Capacitor voltage balancing of a three-level bi-directional buck-boost converter for battery energy storage system (2014)

Three-level bi-directional buck-boost converter has the advantages of low voltage stress of the switches and low current ripples. This paper presents a capacitor voltage balancing method of a three-level bi-directional buck-boost converter for battery energy storage system. Classic phase-shifted PWM method is used to control this converter and all the switches are operated at the same constant switching frequency. The voltages of upper and lower DC-link capacitors are regulated by adjusting the width of two PWM signals, which varies the charging time of the upper and lower DC-link capacitors in each switching period essentially. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the validity of this method.
Incorporating job migration and network RAM to share cluster memory resources (2002)

Job migrations and network RAM are two approaches for effectively using global memory resources in a workstation cluster, aimed at reducing page faults in each local workstation and improving the overall performance of cluster computing. Using either remote executions or pre-emptive migrations, a load-sharing system is able to migrate a job from a workstation without sufficient memory space to a lightly loaded workstation with a large idle memory space for the migrated job. In a network RAM system, if a job cannot find sufficient memory space for its working sets, it utilizes idle memory space from other workstations in the cluster through remote paging. Conducting trace-driven simulations, we have compared the performance and tradeoffs of the two approaches and their impacts on job execution time and cluster scalability. Job migration-based load-sharing schemes are able to balance executions of jobs in a cluster well, while network RAM is able to satisfy data-intensive jobs which may not be migratable by sharing all the idle memory resources in a cluster. A network RAM cluster of workstations is scalable only if the network is sufficiently fast. We propose an improved load-sharing scheme by combining job migrations with network RAM for cluster computing. This scheme uses remote execution to initially allocate a job to the most lightly loaded workstation and, if necessary, network RAM to provide a larger memory space for the job than would be available otherwise. The improved scheme has the merits of both job migrations and network RAM. Our experiments show its effectiveness and scalability for cluster computing.
Recent Advances in Broad Ion Beam Based Techniques/Instrumentation for SEM Specimen Preparation of Semiconductors (1999)

Abstract The semiconductor industry routinely prepares crosssectional SEM specimens using several traditional techniques. Included in these are cleaving, mechanical polishing, wet chemical etching and focused ion beam (FIB) milling. This presentation deals with a new alternate method for preparation of SEM semiconductor specimens based upon a dedicated broad ion beam instrument. Offered initially as an alternative to wet chemical etching, the instrument was designed to etch and coat SEM and metallographic specimens in one vacuum chamber using inert gas (Ar) ion beams. The system has recently undergone further enhancement by introducing iodine Reactive Ion Beam Etching (RIBE) producing much improved etching/cleaning capabilities compared with inert gas ion beam etching. Further results indicate Ar broad ion beam etching can offer a rapid, simple, more affordable alternative (to FIB machines) for precision cross sections and for “slope cutting,” a technique producing large cross-sections within a short time frame. The overall effectiveness of this system for iodine RIBE etching, for precision cross sectioning and “slope cutting” will be shown for a number of traditional and advanced semiconductor devices.
Impurities and Evaluation of Induced Activity of SiC Composites Prepared with Chemical Vapor Infiltration (1994)

Carbon fiber reinforced SiC (C/SiC) and SiC fiber reinforced SiC (SiC/SiC) composites were fabricated by a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method to obtain the composites with minimized impurity contamination. The neutron activation analysis showed that 30 elements were detected as impurities. However total impurity concentrations in the C/SiC and SiC/SiC were lower than 14.5 wt ppm and 9.80 wt ppm, respectively. The evaluation of induced activity under the simulation of fusion neutron irradiation of 10 MW-y/m2 was made based on the impurity concentration. The dose rates of both composites were assumed to decrease by about 6 orders of magnitude in one day cooling and by 9 orders of magnitude in several ten years. The results indicate that the present composites behave excellent in terms of low activation and the CVI is a potential process to obtain high-purity composites.
Reactions of 4-oxo-1,3-benzoxazinium perchlorates with guanidines (2007)

Condensation of 2-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-benzoxazinium perchlorate with various aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes provided previously unknown arylvinyl-and hetarylvinyl-substituted salts whose recyclization under treatment with guanidine resulted in formerly undescribed 1,3,5-triazines. The reaction of perchlorates obtained with guanidinebenzoxazole led to the formation of bishetarylamines, with guanidinebenzimidazole formed triazinebenzimidazoles, the cyanoguanidine reacted with 4-oxo-1,3-benzoxazinium perchlorates to give cyanamides.
1 nm equivalent oxide thickness in Ga2O3(Gd2O3)∕In0.2Ga0.8As metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (2008)

An equivalent oxide thickness about 1nm for Ga2O3(Gd2O3) (GGO) on In0.2Ga0.8As has been achieved by employing a thin in situ deposited 3nm thick Al2O3 protection layer. The dual gate oxide stacks of the Al2O3∕GGO (33, 20, 10, 8.5, and 4.5nm)/In0.2Ga0.8As∕GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors remain amorphous after rapid thermal annealing up to 800–850°C, accompanied with atomically sharp smooth oxide/semiconductor interfaces. Well behaved capacitance-voltage (C-V) curves of the MOS diodes have shown sharp transition from depletion to accumulation with small flatband voltage (1.1V for Au metal gate and 0.1V for Al), and weak frequency dispersion (1.5%–5.4%) between 10 and 500kHz at accumulation capacitance. Low leakage current densities [3.1×10−5 and 2.5×10−9A∕cm2 at V=Vfb+1V for Al2O3(3nm)∕GGO(4.5 and 8.5nm)], a high dielectric constant around 14–16 of GGO for all tested thicknesses, and a low interfacial density of states (Dit) in the low 1011cm−2eV−1 have also been accomplished.
Quantitative MR measurements of regional and global left ventricular function and strain after intramyocardial transfer of VM202 into infarcted swine myocardium (2008)

Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene on myocardial perfusion and infarction size but not on the regional strain in relationship to global left ventricular function. A noninvasive magnetic resonance (MR) study was performed to determine the effect of a new HGF gene, VM202, expressing two isoforms of HGF, on regional and global left ventricular function. Pigs (8/group) were divided into three groups: 1) controls without infarction; 2) reperfused, infarcted controls; and 3) infarcted, treated (1 h after reperfusion) with VM202 injected at eight sites. Cine, tagging, and delayed enhancement MR images were acquired at 3 and 50 +/- 3 days after infarction. At 50 days, ejection fraction in infarcted, treated animals increased (38 +/- 1% to 47 +/- 2%, P < 0.01) to the level of controls without infarction (52 +/- 1%, P = 0.16) but decreased in infarcted controls (41 +/- 1% to 37 +/- 1%, P < 0.05). Two-dimensional strain improved in remote, peri-infarcted, and infarcted myocardium. Furthermore, the infarction size was smaller in infarcted, treated animals (7.0 +/- 0.5%) compared with infarcted controls (13.2 +/- 1.6%, P < 0.05). Histopathology showed a lack of hypertrophy in myocytes in peri-infarcted and remote myocardium and the formation of islands/peninsulas of myocytes in infarcted, treated animals but not in infarcted controls. In conclusion, the plasmid HGF gene caused a near complete recovery of ejection fraction and improved the radial and circumferential strain of remote, peri-infarcted, and infarcted regions within 50 days. These beneficial effects may be explained by the combined effects of a speedy and significant infarct resorption and island/peninsulas of hypertrophied myocytes within the infarcted territory but not by compensatory hypertrophy. The combined use of cine and tagging MR imaging provides valuable information on the efficacy of gene therapy.
Variations in Lactose NF from two Different sources and their Influence on Tablet Properties (1990)

Samples of Lactose NF obtained from one supplier in the UK and one in the USA were examined in terms of their compaction properties. The materials were studied in a model formulation and also in a development formulation. Differences in properties between the samples were shown to depend principally on the particle size, size distribution and specific surface area. The source of lactose can have significant deleterious effects on a multicomponent formulation even when lactose is not the major component.
Site effect on the impurity levels in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi>H</mml:mi></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mi>H</mml:mi></mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:math>SiC (1980)

The existence of site-dependent impurity levels caused by inequivalent sites in $4H$, $6H$, and $15R$ SiC has been verified from a study of configuration coordinate phonons. From analyses of donor-acceptor pair and free-to-acceptor luminescence, two kinds of impurity levels of A1, Ga, and B acceptors and N donors substituted cubic-like and hexagonal-like sites are determined. All the impurities in cubic-like sites take deeper levels than those in hexagonal-like sites. Ratios of the ionization energies are approximately constant independent of polytypes and the kind of impurities, 1.0-1.08 for acceptors and 1.55-1.88 for donors, in spite of a wide range of the ionization energies. The origin of the site effect on the impurity level is explained by assuming the existence of a local dielectric constant and a local effective mass. Haynes' rule is found to apply relatively well to N donors in different sites in various polytypes SiC.
Determinants of driver vs. second row occupant posture modelling (2011)

Digital human modeling (DHM), as a convenient and cost-effective tool, is increasingly incorporated into product and workplace design. In product design, it is predominantly used for the development of driver-vehicle systems. Most digital human modeling software tools, such as JACK, RAMSIS and DELMIA HUMANBUILDER provide functions to predict posture and positions for drivers with selected anthropometry according to SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) Recommended Practices and other ergonomics guidelines. However, few studies have presented 2nd row passenger postural information, and digital human modeling of these passenger postures cannot be performed directly using the existing driver posture prediction functions. In this paper, the significant studies related to occupant posture and modeling were reviewed and a framework of determinants of driver vs. 2nd row occupant posture modeling was extracted. The determinants which are regarded as input factors for posture modeling include target population anthropometry, vehicle package geometry and seat design variables as well as task definitions. The differences between determinants of driver and 2nd row occupant posture models are significant, as driver posture modeling is primarily based on the position of the foot on the accelerator pedal (accelerator actuation point AAP, accelerator heel point AHP) and the hands on the steering wheel (steering wheel centre point A-Point). The objectives of this paper are aimed to investigate those differences between driver and passenger posture, and to supplement the existing parametric model for occupant posture prediction. With the guide of the framework, the associated input parameters of occupant digital human models of both driver and second row occupant will be identified. Beyond the existing occupant posture models, for example a driver posture model could be modified to predict second row occupant posture, by adjusting the associated input parameters introduced in this paper. This study combines results from a literature review and the theoretical modeling stage of a second row passenger posture prediction model project.
Magnesium deficiency induces anxiety and HPA axis dysregulation: Modulation by therapeutic drug treatment (2011)

Preclinical and some clinical studies suggest a relationship between perturbation in magnesium (Mg(2+)) homeostasis and pathological anxiety, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Since there is evidence that Mg(2+) modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, we tested whether enhanced anxiety-like behaviour can be reliably elicited by dietary Mg(2+) deficiency and whether Mg(2+) deficiency is associated with altered HPA axis function. Compared with controls, Mg(2+) deficient mice did indeed display enhanced anxiety-related behaviour in a battery of established anxiety tests. The enhanced anxiety-related behaviour of Mg(2+) deficient mice was sensitive to chronic desipramine treatment in the hyponeophagia test and to acute diazepam treatment in the open arm exposure test. Mg(2+) deficiency caused an increase in the transcription of the corticotropin releasing hormone in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), and elevated ACTH plasma levels, pointing to an enhanced set-point of the HPA axis. Chronic treatment with desipramine reversed the identified abnormalities of the stress axis. Functional mapping of neuronal activity using c-Fos revealed hyper-excitability in the PVN of anxious Mg(2+) deficient mice and its normalisation through diazepam treatment. Overall, the present findings demonstrate the robustness and validity of the Mg(2+) deficiency model as a mouse model of enhanced anxiety, showing sensitivity to treatment with anxiolytics and antidepressants. It is further suggested that dysregulations in the HPA axis may contribute to the hyper-emotionality in response to dietary induced hypomagnesaemia. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Anxiety and Depression'.