gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convenient synthetic route to coordination and organometallic compounds of alkanenitronate [O2N:CCR']- anions (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient synthetic route to coordination and organometallic compounds of alkanenitronate [O2N:CCR']- anionsB. N. Diel and H. HopeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 24, 4448–4451Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00244a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00244a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ribozymes and siRNA for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system. (2003)

Recent advances in our understanding of RNA biology have focused attention on the potential of developing RNA-based strategies to treat human disease. Naturally occurring catalytic RNA molecules (ribozymes), their synthetic DNA counterparts (deoxyribozymes or DNAzymes), as well as the exciting, emerging technology of small interfering RNA which utilizes the highly conserved cellular RNA interference pathway, are being developed for therapeutic gene silencing purposes. The challenges for the application of this technology to neurological disease will be to identify appropriate disease targets, and to optimize the function, and particularly delivery of these RNA-based therapeutic molecules within the complex environment of the nervous system. This review will assess the potential of these RNA-based therapeutic strategies and the challenges ahead in their application to the treatment of neurological disease.
An overview of the development on reconfiguration of metamorphic mechanisms (2009)

Metamorphic mechanisms and metamorphic robots are able to deliberately change their own shape by rearranging the connectivity of their parts. The reconfiguration process of the mechanisms contains various topological configurations with multiple configuration states to accommodate topology transformation. Over the last decade, the study of metamorphic mechanism and metamorphic robotics has advanced from conceptual study to elaborating theories and physical implementations. The goal of this article is to outline some of this progress and propose some key perspectives.
Duck Hepatitis B Virus Expresses a Regulatory HBx-Like Protein from a Hidden Open Reading Frame (2001)

Duck hepatitis B viruses (DHBV), unlike mammalian hepadnaviruses, are thought to lack X genes, which encode transcription-regulatory proteins believed to contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. A lack of association of chronic DHBV infection with hepatocellular carcinoma development supports this belief. Here, we demonstrate that DHBV genomes have a hidden open reading frame from which a transcription-regulatory protein, designated DHBx, is expressed both in vitro and in vivo. We show that DHBx enhances neither viral protein expression, intracellular DNA synthesis, nor virion production when assayed in the full-length genome context in LMH cells. However, similar to mammalian hepadnavirus X proteins, DHBx activates cellular and viral promoters via the Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and localizes primarily in the cytoplasm. The functional similarities as well as the weak sequence homologies of DHBx and the X proteins of mammalian hepadnaviruses strongly suggest a common ancestry of ortho- and avihepadnavirus X genes. In addition, our data disclose similar intracellular localization and transcription regulatory functions of the corresponding proteins, raise new questions as to their presumed role in hepatocarcinogenesis, and imply unique opportunities for deciphering of their still-enigmatic in vivo functions.
Asialoglycoprotein receptor mRNAs are expressed in most extrahepatic rat tissues during development (1993)

The expression of an asialoglycoprotein receptor, comprised of a major (R-1) and minor (R-2/3) component, was characterized in various rat tissues during postnatal development. Two R-1 mRNA subspecies were identified in the liver by Northern blots. The 1.4-kb form, which was the predominant subspecies in the liver, was detected in small amounts only in the stomach and kidney. The 1.7-kb mRNA, however, was present in all extrahepatic tissues examined. R-1 mRNA content in the liver increased by only 38% during the suckling period, but the extrahepatic R-1 mRNA had a dramatic biphasic developmental pattern with the highest levels at birth and after weaning. The R-2/3 mRNA was present as a single species on Northern blot in the liver and in a restricted number of extrahepatic tissues (salivary glands, ileum, and kidney) but was detected in most tissues by polymerase chain reaction. The R-2/3 mRNA content in the liver increased fourfold after birth but was consistently low in the other tissues. [57Co]cobalamin-haptocorrin binding activity was present in all extrahepatic tissues examined, although only at a level 2-5% of hepatic binding. Binding affinities of the adult kidney brush-border membranes (1.9 x 10(9) M-1) and the adult liver plasma membranes (2.4 x 10(9) M-1) were comparable. On Western blot, < 4% of adult liver R-1 content and a relatively larger amount of R-2/3 were detected in all four extrahepatic tissues examined. Thus the low binding activity in extrahepatic tissues correlates with the presence of both receptor subunits, which are closely related to or identical with the hepatic receptor subunits.
Selection of the Register File Size and the Resource Allocation Policy on SMT Processors (2008)

The performance impact of the Physical Register File(PRF) size on Simultaneous Multithreading processors has not been extensively studied in spite of being a critical shared resource. In this paper we analyze the effect on performance of the PRF size for a broad set of resource allocation policies (Icount, Stall, Flush, Flush++, Static,Dcra and Hill-climbing) and evaluate them under two metrics: instructions per second (IPS) for throughput and harmonic mean of weighted IPCs (Hmean-wIPC) for fairness. We have found that resource allocation policy and PRF size should be considered together in order to obtain the best score in the proposed metrics. For instance, for the analyzed 2 and 4-threaded SPEC CPU2000 workloads,small PRFs are best managed by Flush, whereas for larger PRFs, Hill-climbing and Static lead to the best values for the throughput and fairness metrics, respectively.The second contribution of this work is a simple procedure that, for a given resource allocation policy, selects the PRF size that maximizes IPS and obtains for Hmean-wIPC a value close to its maximum. According to our results, Hill-climbing with a 320-entry PRF achieves the best figures for 2-threaded workloads. When executing 4-threaded workloads, Hill-Climbing with a 384-entry PRF achieves the best throughput whereas Static obtains the best throughput-fairness balance.
Etching of silicon in low-pressure plasmas containing fluorine and oxygen: A comparison of real-time and postplasma surface studies (1992)

The issue, to what extent the state of a surface after an etching plasma has been extinguished represents the state of the surface under actual plasma conditions, has been addressed for reactive ion etching (RIE) of silicon in CF4/O2 using ellipsometry during and after RIE, and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) after transferring the sample in vacuum. In XPS, a≂1–2-nm-thick reaction layer consisting of silicon bound to fluorine and oxygen is observed. An increase in the oxygen content of the feed gas mixture produces a thicker SiFxOy layer which contains more oxygen. Qualitatively similar reaction layer trends as a function of the process parameters were seen in the ellipsometry raw data taken during the plasma process. Upon extinguishing the plasma, the ellipsometric variables changed in a systematic fashion, which is shown to be primarily due to substrate cooling effects. In addition, a rapid change of the optical parameters of the substrate upon termination of the discharge is observed which cannot be explained by sample cooling. This change of the ellipsometric variables appears to be due to the adsorption of ≂1 monolayer of material upon extinguishing the plasma. The reaction layer thicknesses determined by ellipsometry before and after extinction of the plasma agree with each other and the XPS thickness estimates reasonably well (to within a few percent for the 25% O2 to 50% O2 range, where a simple model of a transparent overlayer can be used to describe the data), if substrate cooling is taken into account. This result validates postplasma surface reaction layer studies.
Distribution of Core Oligosaccharide Types in Lipopolysaccharides from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2000)

In the lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli there are five distinct core oligosaccharide (core OS) structures, designated K-12 and R1 to R4. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalences of these core OS types within the species. Unique sequences in the waa (core OS biosynthesis) gene operon were used to develop a PCR-based system that facilitated unequivocal determination of the core OS types in isolates of E. coli. This system was applied to the 72 isolates in the E. coli ECOR collection, a compilation of isolates that is considered to be broadly representative of the genetic diversity of the species. Fifty (69. 4%) of the ECOR isolates contained the R1 core OS, 8 (11.1%) were representatives of R2, 8 (11.1%) were R3, 2 (2.8%) were R4, and only 4 (5.6%) were K-12. R1 is the only core OS type found in all four major phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, and D) in the ECOR collection. Virulent extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates tend to be closely related to group B2 and, to a lesser extent, group D isolates. All of the ECOR representatives from the B2 and D groups had the R1 core OS. In contrast, commensal E. coli isolates are more closely related to group A, which contains isolates representing each of the five core OS structures. R3 was the only core OS type found in 38 verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) isolates from humans and cattle belonging to the common enterohemorrhagic E. coli serogroups O157, O111, and O26. Although isolates from other VTEC serogroups showed more core OS diversity, the R3 type (83.1% of all VTEC isolates) was still predominant. When non-VTEC commensal isolates from cattle were analyzed, it was found that most possessed the R1 core OS type.
MR imaging of high-grade cerebral gliomas: value of diffusion-weighted echoplanar pulse sequences. (1994)

Diffusion-weighted echoplanar MR imaging is a useful technique for examining high-grade cerebral gliomas. It enabled us to differentiate various components of the tumor (e.g., enhancing, nonenhancing, cystic, or necrotic) and to distinguish areas of predominantly nonenhancing tumor from areas of predominantly peritumoral edema when the abnormality was located in the white matter aligned in the direction of the diffusion-weighted gradient. Diffusion-weighted echoplanar MR imaging appears to be a powerful tool in the characterization of brain neoplasms.
Reservoir Computing and Self-Organized Neural Hierarchies (2012)

There is a growing understanding that machine learning architectures have to be much bigger and more complex to approach any intelligent behavior. There is also a growing understanding that purely supervised learning is inadequate to train such systems. A recent paradigm of artificial recurrent neural network (RNN) training under the umbrella-name Reservoir Computing (RC) demonstrated that training big recurrent networks (the reservoirs) differently than supervised readouts from them is often better. It started with Echo State Networks (ESNs) and Liquid State Machines ten years ago where the reservoir was generated randomly and only linear readouts from it were trained. Rather surprisingly, such simply and fast trained ESNs outperformed classical fully-trained RNNs in many tasks. While full supervised training of RNNs is problematic, intuitively there should also be something better than a random network. In recent years RC became a vivid research field extending the initial paradigm from fixed random reservoir and trained output into using different methods for training the reservoir and the readout. In this thesis we overview existing and investigate new alternatives to the classical supervised training of RNNs and their hierarchies. First we present a taxonomy and a systematic overview of the RNN training approaches under the RC umbrella. Second, we propose and investigate the use of two different neural network models for the reservoirs together with several unsupervised adaptation techniques, as well as unsupervisedly layer-wise trained deep hierarchies of such models. We rigorously empirically test the proposed methods on two temporal pattern recognition datasets, comparing it to the classical reservoir computing state of art.
A statistical study of a regularized method for long auto-regressive spectral estimation (1993)

The authors address the problem of power spectral density estimation of time series with auto-regressive (AR) models when only a short span of data is available for analysis. The AR coefficients are estimated through a regularized method proposed by G. Kitagawa and W. Gersch (1985). An experimental study of this method and a comparison with the classical least squares (LS) method are outlined. The principles of the statistical study and computation results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SGOT (Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase)—Its Role (A Review Article) (2019)

Aspartate transaminase (AST) is an important liver enzyme which catalyses reversible transfer of an alpha amino group between aspartate and glutamate. It has an important role in amino acid metabolism . AST is predominantly found in the liver, skeletal muscle, kidneys, brain and red blood cells. AST is measured as a part of diagnostic liver function test, but AST reflects patholo gy in organs other than liver. Elevation in AST is found in cases of liver damage which includes yellowing skin, tiredness, weakness, swollen belly, stomach pain, appetite loss etc. AST or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) level increase significantly in type 2 diabetes mellitus when compared to healthy controls. In fatigue or tiredness, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis there was significant increase in AST/SGOT while on the other hand, SGOT was also found elevated in toxic hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, acute myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy, dermatomyositis, pulmonary emboli, acute pancreatitis, crushed muscular injury, gangrene and haemolytic disease while on the other hand there is mild to moderate increase in SGOT in cases of obesity. Therefore, it can be said that this diagnostic test should be done at regular interval as it is involved in the day to day activity to maintain healthy living. Keywords: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), liver diseases, diabetes, tiredness, burn Cite this Article Priyanka Verma. SGOT (Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase)—Its Role (A Review Article). Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology . 2019; 9(3): 1–5p.
Structural and functional recovery from early monocular deprivation in adult rats (2006)

Visual deficits caused by abnormal visual experience during development are hard to recover in adult animals. Removal of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans from the mature extracellular matrix with chondroitinase ABC promotes plasticity in the adult visual cortex. We tested whether chondroitinase ABC treatment of adult rats facilitates anatomical, functional, and behavioral recovery from the effects of a period of monocular deprivation initiated during the critical period for monocular deprivation. We found that chondroitinase ABC treatment coupled with reverse lid-suturing causes a complete recovery of ocular dominance, visual acuity, and dendritic spine density in adult rats. Thus, manipulations of the extracellular matrix can be used to promote functional recovery in the adult cortex.
보문 : 소양호와 팔당호 수질의 수직 및 계절적 변화 (2002)

Changes of seasonal and vertical water quality was analyzed with physico-chemical data from Soyang and Paldang river-reservoir system in Korea during the 1996 to 1998. In Soyang river-reservoir system, the water column was well stratified, which narrow epilimnion layer of 5 to 10 m depth in spring to summer enlarged gradually about 40 m depth in fall as going to times. In contrast, metalimnion layer tended to be narrow during the same period. Water temperature of hypolimnion was maintained about 5℃ continuously throughout the year. DO of the epilimnion layer was supersaturated from spring to summer, however, it was decreased to 75% at the epilimnion layer and 45∼50% at the hypolimnion layer at the late fall. The lowest conductivity of below 50㎲/㎝ was observed at the metalimnion layer during the summer to fall. In Paldang river-reservoir system, the water column was well mixed layer throughout the year, although water temperature was changed seasonally from 5℃ in February to 28℃ in July. Water temperature between upper and lower layer was different about 5℃ from late spring(May) to early fall(September). DO was over and less saturated in upper and lower layer during the early summer to early fall, respectively. Conductivity was decreased to 90㎲/㎝ in lower layer of below 4∼5 m depth during the late spring to early fall and that of upper layer of above 10 m depth decreased to about 100㎲/㎝ during the late fall(November) and early spring(March). Retention time of Soyang river-reservoir system was much longer than that of Paldang river-reservoir system. Chlorophyll a, T-N and T-P concentration in Paldang river-reservoir system were higher than that of Soyang river-reservoir system by a factor of 2.7, 1.2 and 2.6, respectively. Algal blooming was deeply affected by the nutrients than the retention time.
Tumor accumulation of poly(ethylene glycol) with different molecular weights after intravenous injection (1997)

Body distribution of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different molecular weights (MWs) was investigated after intravenous injection into mice with a tumor mass of their back subcutis and footpad to evaluate the effect of PEG molecular weight on the tumor accumulation. PEG did not exhibit specific affinity for any organs and PEG with higher MW tended to remain in the blood circulation of tumor-bearing mice longer than PEG with lower MW, similarly to normal mice. PEG accumulated at the tumor tissue to a significantly higher extent than at the normal tissue, irrespective of the molecular weight and the tumor loading site. Such high tumor accumulation of PEG increased with an increase in the size of the tumor mass, leveling off at a certain size. This size dependence was in accord with that of the vasculature volume in the tumor tissue. Because PEG extravasates to the interstitial space of the tumor, the tumor accumulation seems to be governed mainly by the level of hyperpermeable vasculature. The PEG molecules accumulated at the tumor tissue were retained longer than those at the normal tissue. The tumor accumulation of PEG became maximal at MW around 200,000. A pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that the accumulation rate of PEG at the tumor tissue was higher than that at the normal tissue and decreased with increasing molecular weight. On the other hand, the higher the molecular weight of PEG, the longer the retention time in the blood circulation. It is likely that the balance between these two factors, the accumulation rate of PEG and the blood retention, results in maximal accumulation of PEG with a medium molecular weight.
Os determinantes do investimento: a abordagem Kaleckiana (1995)

Este trabalho apresenta a formulação Kaleckiana acerca dos fatores que influenciam o investimento nas economias capitalistas.
Anthocyanin analyses of <i>Vaccinium</i> fruit dietary supplements (2016)

Vaccinium fruit ingredients within dietary supplements were identified by comparisons with anthocyanin analyses of known Vaccinium profiles (demonstration of anthocyanin fingerprinting). Available Vaccinium supplements were purchased and analyzed, their anthocyanin profiles (based on high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] separation) indicated if products' fruit origin listings were authentic. Over 30% of the Vaccinium fruit (cranberry, lingonberry, bilberry, and blueberry; 14 of 45) products available as dietary supplements did not contain the fruit listed as ingredients. Six supplements contained no anthocyanins. Five others had contents differing from labeled fruit (e.g., bilberry capsules containing Andean blueberry fruit). Of the samples that did contain the specified fruit (n = 27), anthocyanin content ranged from 0.04 to 14.37 mg per capsule, tablet, or teaspoon (5 g). Approaches to utilizing anthocyanins in assessment of sample authenticity, and a discussion of the challenges with anthocyanin profiles in quality control are both presented.
Trichloroisocyanuric Acid: a Versatile and Efficient Chlorinating and Oxidizing Reagent (2019)

Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) is a versatile and efficient reagent for chlorination and oxidation reactions. Depending on the reaction conditions employed, it can release either an electrophile chlorine atom (Cl + ) or a radical chlorine atom (Cl . ) promoting selectively different pathways of reaction. It was effectively used to synthesize many classes of compounds such as: chlorinated arenes, N ‐chloramines and amides, α‐halo‐carbonyl compounds, benzyl chlorides, esters, carboxylic anhydrides, and amides. The procedures, which make use of TCCA, have mild reaction conditions and optimal stoichiometric molar ratio of reactants and avoid the use of any metal‐based catalysts. In all cases very high yield and selectivity were observed. The easy and safe handling, the stability, and the low cost of this reagent make it particularly attractive for large‐scale use and industrial applications.