gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field Reliability of 980nm Fiber Amplifiers (1994)

Reliability of 980nm fiber amplifiers has been demonstrated through the analysis of actual field data collected from amplifiers deployed in several hundred locations of long distance networks. In particular, pump laser reliability based on data of 3.6 million device hours of operation is shown to be compliant to telecom requirements.
On the individuality of fingerprints (2002)

Fingerprint identification is based on two basic premises: (1) persistence and (2) individuality. We address the problem of fingerprint individuality by quantifying the amount of information available in minutiae features to establish a correspondence between two fingerprint images. We derive an expression which estimates the probability of a false correspondence between minutiae-based representations from two arbitrary fingerprints belonging to different fingers. Our results show that (1) contrary to the popular belief, fingerprint matching is not infallible and leads to some false associations, (2) while there is an overwhelming amount of discriminatory information present in the fingerprints, the strength of the evidence degrades drastically with noise in the sensed fingerprint images, (3) the performance of the state-of-the-art automatic fingerprint matchers is not even close to the theoretical limit, and (4) because automatic fingerprint verification systems based on minutia use only a part of the discriminatory information present in the fingerprints, it may be desirable to explore additional complementary representations of fingerprints for automatic matching.
Inactivation and degradation of O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase after reaction with nitric oxide. (2002)

O(6)-Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) plays a critical role in protection from the carcinogenic effects of simple alkylating agents by repairing O(6)-alkylguanine adducts via a direct transfer reaction. Nitric oxide (NO) or species derived from it are known to be able to initiate neoplastic growth and cannot only damage DNA, either directly or via the formation of intermediates such as nitrosamines, but can also inhibit some DNA repair processes. We have studied the inactivation of AGT by NO in detail in vitro and in vivo using wild-type human AGT (hAGT) and mutants at key residues. Our results show that hAGT is readily but reversibly inactivated by the formation of S-nitrosylcysteine at Cys-145, which is the alkyl acceptor site. The facile reaction of this cysteine residue with NO is attributable to its interaction with other residues in hAGT including His-146 and Glu-172 that activate the sulfhydryl group of Cys-145 to allow its nucleophilic attack on DNA adducts. Although the S-nitrosylcysteine adduct in hAGT is readily reversible by reaction with other cellular thiols, the formation of S-nitrosocysteine at Cys-145 was found to lead to the rapid degradation of the hAGT protein in vivo. This degradation is brought about by the ubiquitin/proteasomal system. The formation of an S-nitrosylcysteine at Cys-145 in hAGT in response to NO led to a large increase in the ubiquitination of the protein. This NO-mediated increase did not occur with the C145S or C145A mutants. A conformational change in hAGT, which involves opening of an asparagine hinge, normally occurs after alkylation of the protein in its role in DNA repair and causes degradation of the alkylated hAGT. Our results indicate that a similar effect occurs after reaction of the protein with NO. Thus, exposure to NO causes an irreversible loss of DNA repair capacity for alkylation adducts. This may contribute toward the potential development of tumors in cells upon chronic exposure to NO because of inflammation or infection. This may be of particular importance because such exposure may also lead to the formation of N-nitroso compounds that can act as alkylating agents.
Food aroma affects bite size (2012)

Abstract Background To evaluate the effect of food aroma on bite size, a semisolid vanilla custard dessert was delivered repeatedly into the mouth of test subjects using a pump while various concentrations of cream aroma were presented retronasally to the nose. Termination of the pump, which determined bite size, was controlled by the subject via a push button. Over 30 trials with 10 subjects, the custard was presented randomly either without an aroma, or with aromas presented below or near the detection threshold. Results Results for ten subjects (four females and six males), aged between 26 and 50 years, indicated that aroma intensity affected the size of the corresponding bite as well as that of subsequent bites. Higher aroma intensities resulted in significantly smaller sizes. Conclusions These results suggest that bite size control during eating is a highly dynamic process affected by the sensations experienced during the current and previous bites.
Antigens specificities and characterization of antibodies against major periodontopathic bacteria: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis (2014)

Bacterial biofilm have been shown to be the primary etiological factor in the initiation of gingival inflammation and subsequent destruction of periodontal tissues. At the same time, there is strong evidence that indicates that periodontal disease is not a conventional infectious disease, but an inflammatory disease triggered by host immune response to a constellation of periodontal biofilm-associated microorganisms. Earlier studies showed that adult periodontitis and advanced destructive periodontitis patients had significantly higher levels of IgG antibodies to P. gingivalis. In patients with localized aggressive periodontitis, elevation of IgG antibody was also found in response to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Serum IgG antibody was elevated in periodontitis subjects, with unique antigens on P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans by the patient sera, indicating the antigenic specificities of antibody response. These antibodies against periodontopathic bacteria have been shown to function in antibacterial immunity by a variety of mechanisms like inhibition of adherences and colonization, lyses of bacteria, and the abilities to aggregate the bacteria and detoxify endo- and exotoxins. Both human and experimental animal studies have shown that there is considerable potential for intervention or interference with periodontitis by interference with the host immune system. Advances in our understanding, the critical role of host responses in the progression of periodontal disease, immunization strategies against periodontopathic bacterial infection may be feasible and may raise protective immunity against periodontitis.
Inner-Shell Ionization Cross Sections (1990)

Values of cross sections for ionization of inner-shell electrons by electron impact are required for electron probe microanalysis, Auger-electron spectroscopy, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The present author has reviewed measurements and calculations of inner-shell ionization cross sections. This paper is an update and summary of these previous reviews. It is convenient to start with the Bethe equation for inner-shell ionization cross sections which is frequently used (and misused) in x-ray microanalysis: (1) where σ nℓ is the cross section for ionization of the nℓ shell with binding energy E nℓ by incident electrons of energy E. The terms b nℓ and c nℓ are the Bethe parameters discussed further below. It has been assumed in the derivation of Eq. (1) that E ≫ E nℓ ; this requirement will also be discussed. Finally, it has been assumed here that E is low enough (≲50 keV) so that a relativistic correction is unnecessary. The extent to which a given set of measured or calculated cross-section data is consistent with Eq. (1) can be determined from a Fano plot in which σ nℓ E is plotted versus ℓnE; if such a plot is linear, Eq. (1) is consistent with the data and values of the Bethe parameters can be easily derived.
An Efficient Synthesis of (R)-3-{(R)-3-[2-O-(α-L-Rhamnopyranosyl)- α-L-rhamnopyranosyl] oxydecanoyl}oxydecanoic Acid, a Rhamnolipid from Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (1998)

N-iodosuccinimide/triflic acid mediated one-pot two-step glycosylation of ethyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8) with phenyl 3,4-O-(2,3-dimethoxybutane-2,3-diyl)-1-thio-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (10b) and phenacyl (R)-3-hydroxydecanoate (13) gave rhamnolipid 17. The latter was transformed in five steps into the title compound 2. Esterification of 2 with diazomethane resulted into the corresponding methyl ester derivative 1.
Partial Chain Deuteration as an IRRAS Probe of Conformational Order of Different Regions in Hexadecanoic Acid Monolayers at the Air/Water Interface (1996)

External infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) of hexadecanoic acid-d17 (half deuterated at the tail end) monolayers at the air/water interface has been used to investigate conformational order in both halves of the molecule. The symmetric and asymmetric CH2 stretching vibrations in the liquid-condensed phase were found to be 0.8 and 1.3−1.8 cm-1 lower in frequency respectively than the same vibrations in hexadecanoic acid-d3 (terminal methyl deuterated), suggesting substantially higher conformational order near the polar headgroup. Theoretical simulations of the bands reveal that the effect cannot arise from different IRRAS intensities for these vibrations in the two molecules. IRRAS measurements at a series of temperatures between 14 and 27 °C reveal a different average response to increased temperature in the two halves of the chain: conformational disorder is introduced at the tail end at a lower temperature. This work demonstrates that current state-of-the-art IRRAS measurements provide sufficient signal-to-noise ratios to monitor conformational order in different regions of amphiphile chains, thus providing a sound experimental base for comparison with theoretical models of chain structure.
Turbulent Flame Structure as Determined by Pressure Development and Ionization Intensity (1973)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Two main properties distinguish the structure of a turbulent flame from that of a laminar flame: ionization current of high intensity and high burning velocity. The first of these two quantities was directly measured in the combustion chamber of a typical European spark ignition engine by means of a Langmuir's probe, while the second was calculated starting from the pressure-time history measured with a piezoelectric transducer. The experimental results show the strong influence of the initial flame propagation on the type of the subsequent combustion during the rest of the cycle. The mathematical elaboration of the experimental data showed that the flame propagation mechanism is consistent with the hypothesis that turbulent combustion is caused by successive self-ignitions, as suggested by Russian authors. Useful information can be obtained from the measurement method used in this work on the quality and quantity of the ions that are the precursors of some of the most interesting pollutants found in the exhaust stream of a spark ignition engine.</div>
A new resolution enhancement method for neutron porosity tools (1989)

The effectiveness of a new resolution enhancement method for compensated neutron porosity logs is illustrated. The proposed method is the same as conventional ratio processing except that a smaller amount of depth shifting is used. Simulated log data are used to show that this method increases the vertical resolution by a factor of two: the vertical resolution obtained with conventional processing is about 2 1/2 ft; with the present method the vertical resolution is approximately 1 ft. This method is compared with a resolution enhancement method proposed by J.E. Galford et al. (1986) in which the log response is sharpened by obtaining the porosity from the near detector count rate instead of the ratio between near and far detector count rates. The present method produces similar results but is simpler to implement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simple Synthesis of MoS₂ and WS₂ Nanotubes (2001)

Trisulfide molybdenum complexes have been employed to produce nanotubes by simple heating 

in a stream of hydrogen. Bamboo-like stacking (see Figure) was observed, suggesting that the 

stimulus for the growth of MoS2 nanotubes is similar to that of their carbon equivalents. 

The wide experience gained with trisulfide complexes directs this technique towards the preparation 

of other layered sulfide nanotubes, although other precursors are also shown to be 

successful.
The Soft-Tissue Shaving Procedure for Removal of Adipose Tissue: A New, Less Traumatic Approach Than Liposuction (1995)

Our early experiences suggest that this new liposhaving technique may offer a precise, less traumatic alternative to conventional liposuction. Fat can be shaved in an open fashion under direct vision. It does not rely on a vacuum seal. The soft-tissue shaving cannula shaves fat one layer at a time. The depth of each layer removed, the depth of soft-tissue injury, and the optimal settings and sizes for various procedures remain to be reported.
Readmission for Acute Exacerbation within 30 Days of Discharge Is Associated with a Subsequent Progressive Increase in Mortality Risk in COPD Patients: A Long-Term Observational Study (2016)

In conclusion a readmission for AECOPD within 30 days is associated with a progressive increased long-term risk of death.
Antigen-presenting T cells induce the development of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells. I. Involvement of the CD80-CD28 adhesion molecules (1995)

Abstract The development of cytotoxic CD4+ T lymphocytes that can kill target cells in a MHC class II-restricted manner was evaluated by comparing different APCs. B-lymphoblasts (B-LCL) pulsed with the superantigen staphylococcus enterotoxin B or allogeneic B-lymphoblasts induce CD4+ T cells without cytotoxic activity. In contrast, superantigen-pulsed, MHC class II+ T cell blasts or allogeneic T cell blasts preferentially induce the development of specific, MHC class II-restricted CD4+ cytotoxic effector cells. CD4+ T cell clones generated with T or B cell blasts as APCs (T- or B-APCs) differ in their cytolytic potential, but secrete a similar cytokine pattern. Our data implicate that activated T-APCs preferentially induce a cytotoxic, CD8+ and CD4+ T cell response. Because the density of CD80 expression is lower on activated T-APCs than on B-APCs, we studied the involvement of CD28 and CD80 adhesion molecules in the generation of CD4+ CTLs. Partial blockade of the CD80 molecule with a CTLA4-Ig fusion protein and with specific anti-CD80 mAbs on B-APCs enhanced the generation of CD4+ CTLs. Specific anti-CD86 mAbs, on the contrary, had no effect on the generation of CD4+ CTLs. In contrast, stimulation of CD28, the CD80 counter-receptor, with a cross-linked B7-Ig fusion protein or with an anti-CD28 mAb, inhibited the generation of CD4+ CTLs. Thus, a reduced interaction between CD80 and CD28 may be relevant for the induction of CD4+ CTLs. This shows a new and not yet described function of these adhesion molecules. This induction of a cytotoxic immune response by T cells as APCs may be relevant for the anticlonotypic regulation of T cells and for the depletion of CD4+ T cells in HIV infection.
Transthyretin immunoreactivity in human and porcine liver, choroid plexus, and pancreatic islets. (1989)

We examined transthyretin immunoreactivity (TTR-IR) in human and porcine liver, choroid plexus, and pancreatic islets with both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to TTR. The specificity of the immunoreactions and the effects of various fixatives were tested in immunohistochemical and dot-blot systems. B-5 fixative (mercuric chloride and sodium acetate in formalin) was the best immunopreservative. In both species, the TTR-IR in choroid plexus epithelial cells was strong and was much greater than that in hepatocytes. Glucagon cells in pancreatic islets were also strongly TTR immunoreactive. Insulin cells were slightly TTR immunoreactive in human but strongly so in porcine pancreas. The finding of TTR-IR in normal islets explains the presence of TTR-IR in human endocrine pancreatic tumors, notably glucagonomas and malignant insulinomas.
Thermal optimised modulation methods of three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter for 10 MW wind turbines under low-voltage ride through (2012)

The three-level neutral-point-clamped (3L-NPC) converter is a promising multilevel topology for use in the megawatts wind power generation system. However, the requirements for the grid side inverter under low-voltage ride through (LVRT) of power grid could impose extreme stress to the switching devices in this converter topology. The study investigates the loss and thermal performances of a 10 MW 3L-NPC wind power inverter undergoing LVRT condition. A new space vector modulation method is proposed to optimise the thermal distribution of this extreme situation. It is concluded that, with the proposed modulation method, the thermal distribution in the 3L-NPC wind power inverter under LVRT becomes more equal and the junction temperature of the most stressed power device can be significantly reduced, whereas the control ability of DC-bus neutral point potential is not compromised.
Attention and cognitive control: Unfolding the dichotic listening story (2008)

In this article we present a theoretical approach to cognitive control and attention modulation, as well as review studies related to such a view, using an auditory task based on dichotic presentations of simple consonant-vowel syllables. The reviewed work comes out of joint research efforts by the 'Attention-node' at the 'Nordic Center of Excellence in Cognitive Control'. We suggest a new way of defining degrees of cognitive control based on systematically varying the stimulus intensity of the right or left ear dichotic stimulus, thus parametrically varying the degree of stimulus interference and conflict when assessing the amount of cognitive control necessary to resolve the interference. We first present an overview and review of previous studies using the so-called "forced-attention" dichotic listening paradigm. We then present behavioral and neuroimaging data to explore the suggested cognitive control model, with examples from normal adults, clinical and special ability groups.
Electronic and structural properties of carbon nanohorns (2000)

We use a parametrized linear combination of atomic orbitals calculations to determine the stability, optimum geometry, and electronic properties of nanometer-sized capped graphitic cones, called ``nanohorns.'' Different nanohorn morphologies are considered, which differ in the relative location of the five terminating pentagons. Simulated scanning tunneling microscopy images of the various structures at different bias voltages reflect a net electron transfer towards the pentagon vertex sites. We find that the density of states at the tip, observable by scanning tunneling spectroscopy, can be used to discriminate between different tip structures.
Dead Time Control Circuit using the Current Sensor of SiC-MOSFET (2016)

Compared with Si-IGBT, a silicon carbide (SiC) -MOSFET is expected to reduce the switching loss and conduction loss of the low-current region, and also remove external freewheeling diode. However, because the SiC-MOSFET body diode has high forward voltage, the diode conduction loss increases during dead time, and therefore, its loss reduction effect decreases. This work proposes a novel dead time control circuit using a current sensing transistor integrated with SiC-MOSFET. The proposed circuit has a high responsiveness and high robustness against switching noise, and the dead time can be shortened to within 0.1µs without using external components. In addition, it has not only the dead time control but also the short-circuit current detection, which is the radical function of a current sensor. In the experimental result of using a 10kW boost converter with SiC-MOSFET, the efficiency of the proposed circuit was 1% higher than that without it.
Tolerance of Infections (2012)

A host has two methods to defend against pathogens: It can clear the pathogens or reduce their impact on health in other ways. The first, resistance, is well studied. Study of the second, which ecologists call tolerance, is in its infancy. Tolerance measures the dose response curve of a host's health in reaction to a pathogen and can be studied in a simple quantitative manner. Such studies hold promise because they point to methods of treating infections that put evolutionary pressures on microbes different from antibiotics and vaccines. Studies of tolerance will provide an improved foundation to describe our interactions with all microbes: pathogenic, commensal, and mutualistic. One obvious mechanism affecting tolerance is the intensity of an immune response; an overly exuberant immune response can cause collateral damage through immune effectors and because of the energy allocated away from other physiological functions. There are potentially many other tolerance mechanisms, and here we systematically describe tolerance using a variety of animal systems.
Cartoon Slides for the Language Class (1978)

Journal Article Cartoon Slides for the Language Class Get access ALUN L. W. REES ALUN L. W. REES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ELT Journal, Volume XXXII, Issue 4, July 1978, Pages 274–281, https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/XXXII.4.274 Published: 01 July 1978
[Electromyographic study of human extrinsic laryngeal muscles]. (1995)

Seven cases of human extrinsic laryngeal muscles were studied to determine the electrical activities during phonation, coughing, swallowing, fixation of thorax and respiration. The activities of these muscles all fired during phonation which were synchronous with discharge of the thyroarytenoid muscle (TAM) and increased with increasing volume of voice. They also fired during cough reflex and sphincteric action of larynx, and were basically synchronous with the TAM. They were weak during normal respiration. Although stronger electrical activities were recorded during inspiration in dyspnea, they were weaker than discharge during phonation, cough reflex and sphincteric action of larynx.
Application of collagen hydrogel/sponge scaffold facilitates periodontal wound healing in class II furcation defects in beagle dogs (2012)

The collagen hydrogel/sponge scaffold possessed high tissue compatibility and degradability. Implantation of the scaffold facilitated periodontal wound healing in class II furcation defects in beagle dogs.
Hyaluronic Acid <i>N</i>-Deacetylase Assay in Whole Skin (2002)

Hyaluronic acid (HA) N-deacetylase(s) was quantified in whole skin, using a novel method that involved reaction of skin with exogenous HA as substrate. Acetyl (CH(3)CO-) moieties generated were converted chemically to MeOAc and quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. HA (1.7 mg) and skin (1.0 g) yielded 3.32 and 769.00 microg of MeOAc from the 69.0- and 76.5-year-old-patient samples, respectively. Without added HA, 194.00 microg of product was obtained from the 76.5-year-old-patient samples. With chondroitin as substrate, the yields were 2.89 and 818.04 microg of MeOAc from the 69.0- and 76.5-year-old-patient samples, respectively. The K5 (capsular, Escherichia coli polysaccharide) substrate yielded no detectable product, except for 170.02 microg from the 76.5-year-old-patient samples. This highly sensitive method was used to demonstrate that human-skin-HA N-deacetylase(s) was first detectable at 69 years of age, highly active at 76.5 years of age, and specific for N-acetyl moieties of d-GlcNAc and d-GalNAc where C(1) is beta-linked as in HA and CH.