gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organic polymer thin film phototransistors (2003)

We have investigated the effects of illumination, both broadband and monochromatic, on the electrical performance of organic polymer thin-film transistors (OP-TFTs). In each case, providing the illumination is sufficiently absorbed by the organic polymer, the drain current of a device biased in the OFF-state is significantly increased. We have observed increases in the OFF-state drain current as large as several orders of magnitude depending on the intensity of the incident illumination. Whereas, the drain current of a device biased in the strong accumulation regime is relatively unaffected by the incident illumination. The illumination also serves to decrease the threshold voltage and increase the subthreshold slope, but has little effect on the field-effect mobility of the charge carriers. We explain these effects in terms of the photo-carrier generation in the channel region of the device due to the incident illumination. We have also studied how our OP-TFTs respond to the turn-on and turn-off of gate bias under illumination and to the turn-on and turn-off of illumination at certain gate biases.
Ubiquitin-Fused and/or Multiple Early Genes from Cottontail Rabbit Papillomavirus as DNA Vaccines (2002)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have the potential to prevent cervical cancer by preventing HPV infection or treating premalignant disease. We previously showed that DNA vaccination with the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) E6 gene induced partial protection against CRPV challenge and that the vaccine's effects were greatly enhanced by priming with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In the present study, two additional strategies for augmenting the clinical efficacy of CRPV E6 vaccination were evaluated. The first was to fuse a ubiquitin monomer to the CRPV E6 protein to enhance antigen processing and presentation through the major histocompatibility complex class I pathway. Rabbits vaccinated with the wild-type E6 gene plus GM-CSF or with the ubiquitin-fused E6 gene formed significantly fewer papillomas than the controls. The papillomas also required a longer time to appear and grew more slowly. Finally, a significant proportion of the papillomas subsequently regressed. The ubiquitin-fused E6 vaccine was significantly more effective than the wild-type E6 vaccine plus GM-CSF priming. The second strategy was to vaccinate with multiple CRPV early genes to increase the breadth of the CRPV-specific response. DNA vaccines encoding the wild-type CRPV E1-E2, E6, or E7 protein were tested alone and in all possible combinations. All vaccines and combinations suppressed papilloma formation, slowed papilloma growth, and stimulated subsequent papilloma regression. Finally, the two strategies were merged and a combination DNA vaccine containing ubiquitin-fused versions of the CRPV E1, E2, and E7 genes was tested. This last vaccine prevented papilloma formation at all challenge sites in all rabbits, demonstrating complete protection.
From single image query to detailed 3D reconstruction (2015)

Structure-from-Motion for unordered image collections has significantly advanced in scale over the last decade. This impressive progress can be in part attributed to the introduction of efficient retrieval methods for those systems. While this boosts scalability, it also limits the amount of detail that the large-scale reconstruction systems are able to produce. In this paper, we propose a joint reconstruction and retrieval system that maintains the scalability of large-scale Structure-from-Motion systems while also recovering the often lost ability of reconstructing fine details of the scene. We demonstrate our proposed method on a large-scale dataset of 7.4 million images downloaded from the Internet.
Highly active PdII cyclometallated imine catalyst for the Suzuki reaction (1999)

The cyclopalladated, phosphine-free imine complex 1 is an excellent catalyst for the Suzuki cross-coupling, leading to more than 105 turnovers with non-activated aryl bromides; the catalyst is air and thermally stable.
An integrated database system for effective correlation analysis to improve LSI manufacturing yield (2002)

An integrated relational database (DB) system consisting of process, PMTEG (Process Monitoring Test Element Group), and LSI testing DBs is implemented on a high speed DB machine for effective correlation analysis. For saving DB machine disk area, only the process data necessary for correlation analyses are temporarily stored in the DB on the DB machine. The body of the process data is stored in a distributed DB on the EWSs used to control the LSI manufacturing line equipment. A correlation analysis program, which has a user-friendly window-type man-machine interface, has been developed for the integrated DB. The program retrieves data at high speed with parallel access to the DB. The total performance of the correlation analyses is improved over ten times compared with the old system that included stand-alone DBs and a PC-based correlation analysis program.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microwave noise in semiconductor devices (2001)

Preface. List of Symbols. Introduction. Kinetic Theory of Nonequilibrium Processes. Fluctuations: Kinetic Theory. Effect of Interelectron Collisions on Fluctuation Phenomena. Boltzmann--Langevin Equation. Fluctuations and Diffusion. Features of Hot--Electron Fluctuation Spectra. Experimental Techniques. Hot--Electron Microwave Noise in Elementary Semiconductors. Hot--Electron Microwave Noise in GaAs and InP. Length--Dependent Hot--Electron Noise. Hot--Electron Noise in Doped Semiconductors: Theory. Electronic Noise in Standard--Doped n--Type GaAs. Electron Diffusion in Standard--Doped n--Type GaAs. Electronic Subbands in Quantum Wells. Hot--Electron Noise in ALGaAs/GaAs 2DEG Channels. Hot--Electron Noise in InP--Based 2DEG Channels. Cutoff Frequencies of Fast and Ultrafast Processes. Spatially Inhomogeneous Fluctuations. Monte Carlo Approach to Microwave Noise in Devices. Bibliography. Index.
Cationic and uncharged substrates and reversible inhibitors in hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). The trimethyl subsite. (1981)

Structurally related cationic and uncharged compounds have been studied as inhibitors of hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase of acetylcholine and its uncharged carbon analog, 3,3-dimethylbutyl acetate. Similar effects of the inhibitors on hydrolysis of the two substrates indicate that the quaternary ammonium group of acetylcholine and the neopentyl group of 3,3-dimethylbutyl acetate bind at the same subsite. Comparison of (CH3)3+NCH2CH2CH2COCH3 (Compound I), Ki = 0.02 mM, and its tertiary homologue, (CH3)2-+NHCH2CH2CH2COCH3 (Compound V), Ki = 0.75 mM, with a secondary isomer of Compound I, 3-oxo-(N-tert-butyl)-butanaminium, (CH3)3C+NH2CH2CH2COCH3 (Compound II), Ki = 0.15 mM, and its lower homologue, (CH3)2CH+NH2CH2CH2COCH3 (Compound IX), Ki = 2 mM, attests to the importance of the branched trimethyl structure and the smaller effect of hydrophobicity of the quaternary ammonium structure. This is supported by competitive inhibition by tert-butyl ammonium, (CH3)3C+NH3 (Compound IV), Ki = 0.45 mM, compared with mixed inhibition by its quarternary isomer, (CH3)4+N (Compound VII), Ki = 1.5 mM, and choline (Compound VI), Ki = 1.0 mM. Uncharged analogues of Compound II, 4-tert-butylthio-2-butanone, (CH3)3CSCH2CH2COCH3 (Compound III), Ki = 0.4 mM, and 4-tert-butoxy-2-butanone, (CH3)3COCH2CH2COCH3 (Compound VIII), Ki = 1.6 mM, and of Compound VI, 3,3-dimethylbutanol (Compound XI), Ki = 7.5 mM, indicate that positive charge contributes factors of 3 to 10 to binding. This may be attributed to peripheral negative charges, present at pH 7-8 in the enzyme of isoelectric point approximately 5, indicating that the binding subsite may be explored more specifically by tert-butyl than by charged reagents.
Expression and function of the MAdCAM-1 receptor, integrin <i>alpha</i> 4 <i>beta</i> 7, on human leukocytes. (1994)

Recirculation of mouse lymphocytes to the gut involves binding of the lymphocyte integrin alpha 4 beta 7 to the mucosal vascular addressin, MAdCAM-1. In humans, indirect evidence suggests that CD4+ T cells that express high levels of alpha 4 beta 7 migrate selectively to the gut. We now report that human adult blood CD8+ T cells and B cells, like CD4+ T cells, have heterogeneous expression of alpha 4 beta 7. In contrast, NK cells, eosinophils, and newborn blood T and B cells have relatively homogeneous expression of alpha 4 beta 7. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell expression of alpha 4 beta 7 was related to age, CD45RA expression, and integrin beta 1 (CD29) expression, suggesting that alpha 4 beta 7 expression changes after primary activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vivo. To directly determine whether human alpha 4 beta 7 mediates adhesion to MAdCAM-1, we performed in vitro adhesion assays with two alpha 4 beta 7+ human lymphoma cell lines. The results indicate that human alpha 4 beta 7 is a receptor for MAdCAM-1, whereas alpha 4 beta 1 is not. Adhesion of HUT 78 cells to MAdCAM-1 required Mn2+, whereas adhesion of RPMI 8866 cells did not, suggesting that alpha 4 beta 7 may have at least two distinct functional states. The ability of lymphocytes to bind to MAdCAM-1 and recirculate to mucosal organs is likely to be influenced both by the level of alpha 4 beta 7 expression and by the functional state of the alpha 4 beta 7 molecule.
Most C6 Cells Are Cancer Stem Cells: Evidence from Clonal and Population Analyses (2007)

Cancer stem cells have been isolated from human gliomas and many other parenchymal tumors. It was previously assumed that many established malignant cell lines also contain a rare subpopulation of stem cells. This study was designed to investigate the fraction of cancer stem cells in the C6 glioma cell line using clonal and population analyses, rather than isolating methods, which are based on specific markers. Interestingly, in the serum-containing medium, each of the 67 single C6 cells plated per miniwell was able to generate a clone and subclones, which subsequently gave rise to a xenograft glioma in the BALB/C-nude mouse. The CD133- C6 cells also possessed clonogenic, self-renewal, and tumorigenic capacities. Moreover, our findings indicated that brief exposure to Hoechst 33342 was harmful to the clonogenicity and proliferation of individual C6 cells. Therefore, the non-side-population cells may be deprived of their stem cell features in the process of Hoechst 33342 staining as a step in isolating a Hoechst-negative side population with flow cytometry. Thus, we concluded that the C6 line was mainly composed of cancer stem cells, although many of them were neither CD133+ nor side population.
A wire-driven leg rehabilitation system: development of a 4-DOF experimental system (2004)

We proposed and have been studying a multiple-DOF leg rehabilitation system which employs a wire-driven mechanism. Using a parallel wire mechanism, multiple-DOF motion can be achieved with relatively low powered actuators compared with the mechanisms that use conventional rigid links. Also, since wire-driven mechanisms are light and flexible, it makes the system human-friendly. Our eventual goal is to develop a rehabilitation system that carries out 6-DOF motions of hip, knee and ankle joint. In order to achieve this goal, we are taking a gradual approach. In earlier studies, we built and tested a single-DOF experimental system and a 2-DOF experimental system. Currently, we have built and are testing a 4-DOF experimental system. Target motions of the system are hip joint flexion/extension, hip joint abduction/adduction, hip joint external/internal rotation, and knee joint flexion/extension. In this paper, we describe an overview of the 4-DOF experimental system. We also mention experiments using the experimental system.
Development of a polymer-actuated binary manipulator (2002)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2002.
Perception-driven automatic segmentation of colour images using mathematical morphology. (1996)

This thesis is a study of perception-driven automatic segmentation of colour images. Despite immediate practical interest for this task, there exist very few reliable algorithms suitable for unsupervised processing. Most of the results presented in this thesis are based on mathematical morphology. This is a relatively new field which explores topological and geometrical properties of images and which has proven to be useful for image processing. The overview of morphological techniques can be found in chapter 2. A brief overview of segmentation methods is presented in, chapter 3. Only a small proportion of the vast number of publications on the subject is reviewed, namely those that are papers directly relevant to the subject of the thesis. Two novel non-parametric algorithms have been developed by the author for processing colour images. The first one is for processing randomly textured images. It uses a bottom-up segmentation algorithm which takes into consideration both colour and texture properties of the image. An "LUV gradient" is introduced which provides both a colour similarity measure and a basis for applying the watershed transform. The patches of watershed mosaic are merged according to their colour contrast until a termination criterion is met. This criterion is based on the topology of a typical processed image. The resulting algorithm does not require any additional information, be it various thresholds, marker extraction rules and suchlike, thus being suitable for automatic processing. The second algorithm deals with non-textured images and takes into consideration the noise that is present during the image acquisition. The watershed algorithm is used to segment either the 2- or 3-dimensional colour histogram of an image. To comply with the way humans perceive colour, this segmentation has to take place in a perceptually uniform colour space such as the Luv space. To avoid over segmentation, the watershed algorithm has to be applied to a smoothed-out histogram. The noise, however, is inhomogeneous in the Luv space and noise analysis for this space based on experimentally justified assumptions is presented. Both algorithms have been extensively tested on real data and were found to give stable results that are in good accord with human perception.
Nonlinear system identification and prediction using orthogonal functions (1997)

We describe a systematic scheme for the nonlinear adaptive filtering of signals that are generated by nonlinear dynamical systems. The complete filter consists of three sections: a signal-independent standard orthonormal expansion, a scaling derived from an estimate of the vector probability density function (PDF), and an adaptive linear combiner. The orthonormal property of the expansions has two significant implications for adaptive filtering: first, model order reduction is trivial since the contribution of each term to the mean squared error is directly related to the coefficient in the final linear combiner; and second, consistent and rapid convergence of stochastic gradient algorithms is assured. A technique based on the inverse Fourier transform for obtaining a PDF estimate from the characteristic function is also presented. The prediction and identification performance of this nonlinear structure is examined for a number of signals, and it is contrasted with common radial basis function and linear networks.
Support Vector Machines (2012)

Support Vector Machines: Optimization Based Theory, Algorithms, and Extensions presents an accessible treatment of the two main components of support vector machines (SVMs)-classification problems and regression problems. The book emphasizes the close connection between optimization theory and SVMs since optimization is one of the pillars on which
On dynamic feature location (2005)

Feature location aims at locating pieces of code that implement a given set of features (requirements). It is a necessary first step in every program comprehension and maintenance task if the connection between features and code has been lost.We have developed a semi-automatic technique for feature location using a combination of static and dynamic program analysis. Formal concept analysis is used to explore the results of the dynamic analysis.We describe new experiences with our technique. Specifically, we investigate the gain of information and increase of costs when the system under analysis is profiled at basic block level rather than routine level as in our earlier work. Furthermore, we explore the influence of the scenarios used for the dynamic analysis (minimal versus combined scenarios).
Enhanced Piezoelectric Property of Barium Titanate Single Crystals with Engineered Domain Configurations (1999)

Piezoelectric properties of barium titanate single crystals were investigated at room temperature as a function of crystallographic orientation. When a unipolar electric field was applied along [001], its strain vs electric-field curve showed a large hysteresis, and finally barium titanate crystal became to single-domain state with piezoelectric constant d 33 of 125 pC/N over 20 kV/cm. On the other hand, electric-field exposure below 6 kV/cm along [111] resulted in a high d 33 of 203 pC/N and a hysteresis-free strain vs electric-field behavior, which suggested the formation of an engineered domain configuration in a tetragonal barium titanate crystal. Moreover, when an electric field over 6 kV/cm was applied along [111], two discontinuous changes were observed in its strain vs electric-field curve. In situ domain observation and Raman measurement under an electric field suggested an electric-field-induced phase transition from tetragonal to monoclinic at around 10 kV/cm, and that from monoclinic to rhombohedral at around 30 kV/cm. Moreover, in a monoclinic barium titanate crystal, electric-field exposure along [111] resulted in the formation of another new engineered domain configuration with d 33 of 295 pC/N.
New assembly and interconnect technologies for power modules (2012)

Higher operation temperatures and the current density increase of new IGBT generations make it more and more complicated to meet the quality requirements for power electronic modules. Especially the increasing heat dissipation inside the silicon leads to maximum operation temperatures of nearly 200 deg C. As a result new packaging technologies are needed to face the demands of power modules in the future. In case of the chip-to-substrate interconnect basically two technology trends for an improved die attach procedure became visible. On the one hand diffusion bonding has been presented, where the joint is formed from high melting intermetallics. On the other hand the chip-to-substrate interconnect can be realized by sintering silver particles, resulting in a monometallic porous die attach layer. This paper presents a comparison of these two technology trends with respect to their applicability for power electronics packaging.
A Genetic Linkage Map for Zebrafish: Comparative Analysis and Localization of Genes and Expressed Sequences (1999)

Genetic screens in zebrafish (Danio rerio) have isolated mutations in hundreds of genes with essential functions. To facilitate the identification of candidate genes for these mutations, we have genetically mapped 104 genes and expressed sequence tags by scoring single-strand conformational polymorphisms in a panel of haploid siblings. To integrate this map with existing genetic maps, we also scored 275 previously mapped genes, microsatellites, and sequence-tagged sites in the same haploid panel. Systematic phylogenetic analysis defined likely mammalian orthologs of mapped zebrafish genes, and comparison of map positions in zebrafish and mammals identified significant conservation of synteny. This comparative analysis also identified pairs of zebrafish genes that appear to be orthologous to single mammalian genes, suggesting that these genes arose in a genome duplication that occurred in the teleost lineage after the divergence of fish and mammal ancestors. This comparative map analysis will be useful in predicting the locations of zebrafish genes from mammalian gene maps and in understanding the evolution of the vertebrate genome.
Relative nucleophilicity. Methylation of anions in aqueous media (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelative nucleophilicity. Methylation of anions in aqueous mediaArthur B. Ash, Peter Blumbergs, Calvin Lee Stevens, H. O. Michel, B. E. Hackley Jr., and J. EpsteinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 12, 4070–4072Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01264a068https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01264a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development and demonstration of silicon carbide (SiC) motor drive inverter modules (2004)

This paper describes a new SiC-based motor drive technology used to achieve compact power conversion. The static and dynamic characterization of 600 V SiC MOS-enhanced JFETs and SiC Schottky free-wheeling diodes (FWDs) designed and fabricated at Rockwell Scientific, are performed. Single 5 A SiC JFET and Schottky FWD die with a voltage rating of 600 V are paralleled to obtain 10 A, and 25 A, current ratings. The power loss and related voltage and current stress of the SiC MOS-enhanced JFET and SiC Schottky FWD are measured and compared to that of a state-of-the-art silicon IGBTs and PIN FWDs with ratings equal to the SiC ratings. For the same power rating (25 A, 600 V), the area of the SiC die making up the inverter module are about 60% of a commercial 25 A IGBT die. The Rockwell Automation RA Model 1336 motor controller is used, with its gate drive circuit modified to control the SiC depletion-mode MOS-enhanced JFETs, to control a motor. SiC inverter modules are fabricated and used to successfully drive 1 hp to 10 hp motors. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a motor drive using SiC inverter modules has been demonstrated.
Inhibitor Development (2008)

The immune response to factor VIII and the development of inhibitory antibodies is a complex multi-factorial process involving a variety of immune regulatory genes and cells, several of which have the potential to determine risk. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved will increase the likelihood of development of new therapeutic options for patients with hemophilia. This review summarizes genetic and non-genetic risk factors currently under evaluation, and the potential modulative effect of the von Willebrand factor on factor VIII immuno- and antigenicity. In addition, the role of T-regulatory cells in the pathogenicity of inhibitors will be discussed.