gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online Robust PCA via Stochastic Optimization (2013)

For the data projection r and noise estimation e, we can get the closed-form solutions for them respectively, as shown in Algorithm 1.1. In particular, the closed-form solution to a projection to `1-ball in updating e involves a soft thresholding operator Sλ[·] Hale et al. (2008), which is defined as: Sλ[x], x − λ, if x&gt; λ, x+ λ, if x &lt; −λ, 0, otherwise. And it is conducted element-wisely on the involved vectors. The optimization iteration is terminated when the following convergence criterion is met: max(‖rk+1 − rk‖/‖z‖, ‖ek+1 − ek‖/‖z‖) &lt; ε. Here ε is set as 1 × 10−6 throughout the simulations. The details of the algorithm are summarized as follows, Algorithm 1.1 Data Projection Input: L = [l1,..., lr] ∈ Rp×r (input basis), z ∈ Rp, parameters λ1 and λ2. e ← 0. while not converged do Update the coefficient r: r ← (LTL+ λ1I)−1LT (z − e). Update the sparse error e: e ← Sλ2 [z − Lr]. end while
Adjective Intensity and Sentiment Analysis (2015)

For fine-grained sentiment analysis, we need to go beyond zero-one polarity and find a way to compare adjectives that share a common semantic property. In this paper, we present a semi-supervised approach to assign intensity levels to adjectives, viz. high, medium and low, where adjectives are compared when they belong to the same semantic category. For example, in the semantic category of EXPERTISE, expert, experienced and familiar are respectively of level high, medium and low. We obtain an overall accuracy of 77% for intensity assignment. We show the significance of considering intensity information of adjectives in predicting star-rating of reviews. Our intensity based prediction system results in an accuracy of 59% for a 5-star rated movie review corpus.
Ligand-induced EGF Receptor Oligomerization Is Kinase-dependent and Enhances Internalization (2010)

The current activation model of the EGF receptor (EGFR) predicts that binding of EGF results in dimerization and oligomerization of the EGFR, leading to the allosteric activation of the intracellular tyrosine kinase. Little is known about the regulatory mechanism of receptor oligomerization. In this study, we have employed FRET between identical fluorophores (homo-FRET) to monitor the dimerization and oligomerization state of the EGFR before and after receptor activation. Our data show that, in the absence of ligand, ∼40% of the EGFR molecules were present as inactive dimers or predimers. The monomer/predimer ratio was not affected by deletion of the intracellular domain. Ligand binding induced the formation of receptor oligomers, which were found in both the plasma membrane and intracellular structures. Ligand-induced oligomerization required tyrosine kinase activity and nine different tyrosine kinase substrate residues. This indicates that the binding of signaling molecules to activated EGFRs results in EGFR oligomerization. Induction of EGFR predimers or pre-oligomers using the EGFR fused to the FK506-binding protein did not affect signaling but was found to enhance EGF-induced receptor internalization. Our data show that EGFR oligomerization is the result of EGFR signaling and enhances EGFR internalization.
Transfusion of older stored blood worsens outcomes in canines depending on the presence and severity of pneumonia (2014)

The augmented in vivo hemolysis of transfused older red blood cells (RBCs) appears to result in excess plasma CFH and iron release, which requires the presence of established infection to worsen outcome. These data suggest that transfused older RBCs increase the risks from infection in septic subjects.
Factors Controlling Flowering in the Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) (1969)

In experiments on the effects of daylength on the growth and flowering of the perennial hop it was shown that Humulus lupulus is a short-day plant. The absolute length of the short day is important since very short days (8h) induce dormancy before flowering can occur. Light-break treatment may therefore promote or inhibit flowering according to the associated main photoperiod. A minimum node number must have been differentiated before the hop can be induced to initiate flowers, an effect analogous to the juvenile condition. Minimum leaf number and critical daylength for induction depend on variety. At low temperature, induction is possible with longer photoperiods. Promotion of flowers by growth retardants (B9 and CCC) in unfavourable daylengths, and delay of initiation by gibberellic acid treatment were also observed.
Chirp and feedback control in semiconductor pigtailed DFB lasers without integrated isolator (1993)

The feedback generated by reflections at FC/PC connectors of pigtailed DFB laser diodes is controlled by varying the polarisation of the reflected light via induced birefringence in the fibre pigtail. It is shown that strong linewidth and mode hopping reductions can be obtained with an external double cavity coupled to the laser diode.
A switched-capacitor charge-balancing analog-to-digital converter and its application to capacitance measurement (1987)

An analog-to-digital converter is developed based on the charge-balancing principle. It consists of a switched-capacitor integrator, comparator, and digital logic circuit. Driven by the two phase clock, the integrator accumulates consecutively the incremental signal charge while extracting the quantized reference charge from the accumulated signal charge each time its output becomes positive, to keep their charge balance. The ratio between the accumulated and extracted frequencies for a given period of time then provides the digital representation of an input analog signal. A conversion accuracy higher than 14 bits can be expected from its integrated realization because the offset voltage and the finite open-loop gain of an op-amp and the parasitic capacitance have no effect upon the conversion process. It also features a small device-count integrate onto a very small chip area. Some applications are also presented to demonstrate its validity.
The Second Bush Administration and North Korea (2005)

We cannot neglect the fact that already a year has gone past since the previous session of the Six-Party Talks. Because of North Korea’s continued refusal to participate in a fourth session, the onetime momentum of the Six-Party Talks naturally has vanished. The U.S. tolerance might have come close on its limit, but even that Bush administration has no intention whatever of putting an end to the Six-Party Talks at present. No progress in real terms can be expected even if Pyongyang accepted holding a fourth session. Thus the negotiation may roll back into exactly the same state in which it had started. It is hard to imagine the United States would engage itself in direct talks with North Korea. The Bush Administration also would not take drastic measures, such as using military strength or carrying out economic sanctions, until Iraq at the very least becomes politically stable. While asking China to put pressure, the United States, within this year, will not be going to send the stalemated North Korean problem to the UN Security Council. However, North Korea will push nuclear development forward quietly under the closed environment, if the status quo continues.
Three‐dimensional culture of differentiating marrow stromal osteoblasts in biomimetic poly(propylene fumarate‐<i>co</i>‐ethylene glycol)‐based macroporous hydrogels (2003)

This study assesses the ability of biomimetic poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels to sustain the differentiation of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) to the osteoblastic phenotype and to produce a mineralized matrix in vitro. Macroporous hydrogels based on poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) with and without covalently linked RGD cell-adhesive peptide were synthesized and seeded with rat MSCs suspended in media or in a type I collagen solution. Cells suspended in media were found to adhere to RGD-modified but not to unmodified hydrogels. Cells suspended in a collagen solution were entrapped after collagen gelation and proliferated independent of the peptide modification of the hydrogel. Hydrogel modification with RGD peptide was sufficient to allow for the adhesion and differentiation of MSCs to the osteoblastic phenotype in the presence of osteogenic culture supplements. MSCs seeded with a collagen gel onto RGD-modified macroporous hydrogels after 28 days of culture showed a significant increase in cell numbers, from 15,200 +/- 2,000 to 208,600 +/- 69,700 cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant calcium deposition was apparent after 28 days of culture in RGD-modified hydrogels for cells suspended in a collagen gel in comparison to cells suspended in media, 3.47 +/- 0.26 compared to 0.82 +/- 0.20 mg Ca(2+) per scaffold (p < 0.05). Confocal microscopy revealed that MSCs suspended in a collagen gel and cultured on RGD-modified hydrogels for 28 days were adhered to the surface of the hydrogel while MSCs suspended in a collagen gel and cultured on unmodified hydrogels were located within the pores of and not in direct contact with the hydrogel surface. The results demonstrate that these biomimetic hydrogels facilitate the adhesion and support the differentiation of MSCs to the osteoblastic phenotype in the presence of osteogenic culture media.
Ring Expansion of 2-Substituted 1-Indanones to 2-Hydroxyisocarbostyril Derivatives. Scope and Mechanism of Reaction. A Spectral Study of the Lactam—Lactim Tautomerism in Isocarbostyrils<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing Expansion of 2-Substituted 1-Indanones to 2-Hydroxyisocarbostyril Derivatives. Scope and Mechanism of Reaction. A Spectral Study of the Lactam—Lactim Tautomerism in Isocarbostyrils1Emil J. Moriconi and Francis J. CreeganCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 7, 2090–2098Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01345a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01345a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Viewport Prediction Method of 360 VR Video Using Sound Localization Information (2018)

For 360 VR video, the user's viewport is portion, but the video needs to be sent to 360° spheres. So 360 VR video requires large bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a viewport prediction method to solve this problem. The proposed method predicts the user's viewport by utilizing the location information of the sound sources in 360 VR video. Especially, the proposed method is considered based on MPEG-DASH, and its feasibility is also shown by our head tracking simulation.
Electron-Transfer-Catalyzed Dimerization of<i>trans-</i>Anethole: Detection of the Distonic Tetramethylene Radical Cation Intermediate by Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2008)

The desolvating droplets of EESI were used as microreactor for the mass spectrometric study of short-lived transients of reactions in condensed liquid phase in the millisecond time region. The electron-transfer-catalyzed dimerization of trans-anethole was investigated and the intermediates in the radical cation chain reaction were isolated and characterized by MS-MS. The distonic tetramethylene radical cation 3(o)(*+) was detected as intermediate, and its cyclization to give the cyclobutane radical cation 3(c)(*+) was observed giving strong evidence that the reaction takes place stepwise.
Outcome in systemic AL amyloidosis in relation to changes in concentration of circulating free immunoglobulin light chains following chemotherapy (2003)

Monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains are deposited as amyloid fibrils in systemic AL (primary) amyloidosis, but the underlying plasma cell dyscrasias are often difficult to detect or unquantifiable. The relationships between circulating monoclonal light chains, amyloid load and clinical outcome, and the relative efficacies of chemotherapy regimens aimed at suppressing monoclonal immunoglobulin production, have not been determined. Circulating free immunoglobulin light chain (FLC) concentration was measured with a sensitive nephelometric immunoassay in 262 patients with AL amyloidosis, and followed serially in 137 patients who received either high-dose chemotherapy or one of two intermediate-dose cytotoxic regimens. Amyloid load was quantified by serum amyloid P component scintigraphy. A monoclonal excess of FLC was identified at diagnosis in 98% of patients. Among 86 patients whose abnormal FLC concentration fell by more than 50% following chemotherapy, 5-year survival was 88% compared with only 39% among those whose FLC did not fall by half (P < 0.0001). Amyloid deposits regressed in 58 patients. The magnitude and duration of the FLC responses to intermediate- and high-dose chemotherapy regimens were similar. The FLC assay enabled the circulating fibril precursor protein in AL amyloidosis to be quantified and monitored in most patients. Reduction of the amyloidogenic FLC by more than 50% was associated with substantial survival benefit, regardless of the type of chemotherapy used. Clinical improvement following chemotherapy in AL amyloidosis is delayed, but treatment strategies can be guided by their early effect on serum FLC concentration.
Hereditary kidney cancer (2009)

Kidney cancer is not a single disease; it is comprised of several different types of cancer, each with a different histology, with a different clinical course, caused by a different gene, and responding differently to therapy. The VHL gene is the gene for the hereditary cancer syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau, as well as for the common form of sporadic, noninherited, clear cell kidney cancer. Understanding the VHL-hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway has provided the foundation for the development of several agents targeting this pathway, such as sunitinib, sorafenib, and temsirolimus. Hereditary papillary renal carcinoma (HPRC) is a hereditary renal cancer syndrome in which affected individuals are at risk for the development of bilateral, multifocal, type 1 papillary renal cell carcinoma. The genetic defect underlying HPRC is MET, the cell surface receptor for hepatocyte growth factor. Mutations of MET also have been identified in a subset of tumors from patients with sporadic type 1 papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Clinical trials targeting the MET pathway are currently underway in patients with HPRC and in patients with sporadic (nonhereditary) papillary kidney cancer. The BHD gene (also known as folliculin or FLCN) is the gene for Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, an autosomal-dominant genodermatosis associated with a hereditary form of chromophobe and oncocytic, hybrid RCC. Preclinical studies are underway targeting the BHD gene pathway in preparation for clinical trials in Birt-Hogg-Dube and sporadic chromophobe RCC. Patients with hereditary leiomyomatosis RCC (HLRCC) are at risk for developing cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas and a very aggressive type of RCC. HLRCC is characterized by germline mutation of the Krebs cycle enzyme, fumarate hydratase (FH). Studies of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the VHL-HIF pathways have provided the foundation for therapeutic approaches in patients with HLRCC-associated kidney cancer as well as other hereditary and sporadic forms of RCC.
Carrageenans. Part IX. Methylation analysis of galactan sulphates from Furcellaria fastigiata, Gigartina canaliculate, Gigartina chamissoi, Gigartina atropurpurea, Ahnfeltia durvillaei, Gymnogongrus furcellatus, Eucheuma isiforme, Eucheuma uncinatum, Aghardhiella tenera, Pachymenia hymantophora, and Gloiopeltis cervicornis. Structure of ξ-carrageenan (1973)

In continuation of the search for polysaccharide structures with which to develop conformational analysis, the sixteen polysaccharides for which a preliminary characterization was described in the preceding paper have been investigated by the methylation method. The earlier conclusions are confirmed and extended, with few qualifications. Amongst the structural variations in the χ and ιcarrageenans are undersulphation on C(4) of the 3-linked residue and on C(6) of the 4-linked residue. A new polysaccharide type is discovered in certain Gigartina species and the (as yet hypothetical) idealized form of it is named ξ-carrageenan. It is the polymer of D-galactose 2-sulphate in which the glycosidic linkages are 1,4 and 1,3, probably arranged alternately with β- and α-configurations respectvelyTwo polysaccharides emerge with exceptional promise for conformational analysis, namely an agarose sulphate from Gloiopeltis furcata and a possible ξ-carrageenan from Gigartina atropurpurea.
[Preliminary evaluation of plastic crown restoration supported by osseointegrated implants]. (1997)

This study was to evaluate the feasibility of plastic crown restoration supported by osseointegrated implants. The following conclusions were drawn from this study: plastic crown gave better biomechanical consideration than porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crown in osseointegrated prostheses, but plastic crown gave worse wearability, tensile strength, compression strength and flexuaral strength than PFM crown. After restoration the disadvantages of the plastic crown were beyond the clinical acceptable range. It showed plastic crown designed dental prothetic implantation was unfeasible.
Intracellular Induction of <i>Listeria monocytogenes actA</i> Expression (2002)

Following entry into the host cytosol, the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes dramatically increases the expression of several key virulence factors. The expression of actA, whose protein product is required for L. monocytogenes actin-based intracellular motility, is increased by more than 200-fold in cytosolic bacteria in comparison to broth-grown cultures. Two distinct promoter elements have been reported to regulate actA expression. One promoter is located immediately upstream of actA coding sequences, while the second promoter is contributed by the upstream mpl gene via the generation of an mpl-actA-plcB transcript. A series of L. monocytogenes mutants were constructed to define the contributions of individual promoter elements to actA expression. The intracellular induction of actA expression was found to be dependent upon the actA proximal promoter; the mpl promoter appeared to contribute to the extracellular induction of actA but did not affect intracellular levels of expression. The actA promoter is dependent upon a regulatory factor known as PrfA for transcriptional activation; however, no increase in actA expression was detected following the introduction of a high-affinity PrfA binding site within the actA promoter. The presence of a mutationally activated form of PrfA, known as PrfA*, increased overall actA expression in broth-grown cultures of both wild-type and actA promoter mutant strains, but the levels of induction observed were still approximately 50-fold lower than those observed for intracellularly grown L. monocytogenes. Collectively, these results indicate that the dramatic induction of actA expression that occurs in the host cell cytosol is mediated through a single promoter element. Furthermore, intracellular induction of actA appears to require additional steps or factors beyond those necessary for the activation and binding of PrfA to the actA promoter.
Rosuvastatin in the Prevention of Stroke Among Men and Women With Elevated Levels of C-Reactive Protein (2009)

clinicaltrial.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00239681.
Ground roll suppression using the Karhunen-Loeve transform (1999)

Abstract Ground roll is the main type of coherent noise in land seismic surveys, and is commonly much stronger in amplitude than the reflection signals. Standard methods for suppressing ground roll include 1-D high-pass filtering and 2-D f-k filtering. High-pass filtering is based on the low-frequency nature of ground roll, but has the disadvantage that it also eliminates low-frequency reflection signals which contribute to the character of reflection events and are very important in inversion for acoustic impedance. When the amplitude of the ground roll is much stronger than the reflection signals, f-k filters cause serious distortion of the signal.
Sampled-data and continuous-time squarers in MOS technology (1990)

Two MOS squarer circuits are presented. One implementation operates on sampled-data signals, while the second uses continuous-time operation. Both squarers achieve the square-law function with MOS transistors operating in the nonsaturation region biased with zero drain-to-source voltage. Benefits of nonsaturated operation are discussed. The sampled-data squarer is practically independent of component mismatches and clock pulse-width mismatches. >
Development of a reverse genetics system for respiratory syncytial virus long strain and an immunogenicity study of the recombinant virus (2014)

This study suggested that immunization with rLong and rLong-∆G-EGFP were immunogenic and protected against RSV infection in the lower respiratory tract of BALB/c mice better than in the nose. Because of a relative low IgG1/IgG2a ratio, rLong-∆G-EGFP was more inclined to make CD4+ T cells, shifting toward a Th1-type response, indicating that the generation of a more balanced Th1/Th2 response was desirable. This explorative study on the recombinant Long viruses also contributed to obtaining more RSV attenuated candidates by a reverse genetics approach.
Entropy-based criterion in categorical clustering (2004)

Entropy-type measures for the heterogeneity of clusters have been used for a long time. This paper studies the entropy-based criterion in clustering categorical data. It first shows that the entropy-based criterion can be derived in the formal framework of probabilistic clustering models and establishes the connection between the criterion and the approach based on dissimilarity co-efficients. An iterative Monte-Carlo procedure is then presented to search for the partitions minimizing the criterion. Experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.
An Implementation of the Fast Multipole Method without Multipoles (1992)

An implementation is presented of the fast multipole method, which uses approximations based on Poisson’s formula. Details for the implementation in both two and three dimensions are given. Also discussed is how the multigrid aspect of the fast multipole method can be exploited to yield efficient programming procedures. The issue of the selection of an appropriate refinement level for the method is addressed. Computational results are given that show the importance of good level selection. An efficient technique that can be used to determine an optimal level to choose for the method is presented.