gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrodeposition and Nanobiosystems (2006)

As seen elsewhere in this section on electrodeposition, electrodeposition is a key method for making the materials used in computer chips and magnetic data storage systems; every day it helps lower the cost and improve the performance of our information society.
High-speed digital-signal transmission experiments by optical wavelength-division multiplexing (1977)

The letter reports results obtained with laboratory transmission experiments on high-speed digital signals by optical wavelength-division multiplexing, using a newly developed optical multiplexer and demultiplexer, as well as other high-performance optical devices and fibres.
Role of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in allergic diseases and asthma (2010)

Asthma is the result of chronic airway inflammation associated predominantly with CD4+ cells, eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils. Several T-cells subsets, including NKT cells, play a critical role in orchestrating the inflammation in the airways predominantly, by secreting interleukin-4 and interleukin-13. Recently, programmed death-1 (PD-1) with its ligands, programmed death ligand B7H1 (PD-L1) and B7DC (PD-L2), was shown to regulate T-cell activation and tolerance. PD-1 has been characterized as a negative regulator of conventional CD4+T cells. In addition, the relative roles of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in regulating the activation and function of T cells have recently been characterized. Recent studies have demonstrated that PD-L1 and PD-L2 have important but opposing roles in modulating and polarizing T-cell functions in airway hyperreactivity. Whereas the severity of asthma is greatly enhanced in absence of PD-L2, PD-L1 deficiency resulted in reduced airway hyperresponsiveness and only minimal inflammation. This observation is partially because of the polarization of NKT cells in PD-L1- and PD-L2-deficient mice. This review will discuss the recent literature regarding the role of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in allergic disease and asthma. Current understanding of the role of PD ligands in allergic asthma gives impetus to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Demonstration of a deficiency of glucocerebroside-cleaving enzyme in Gaucher's disease. (1966)

The accumulation of abnormal quantities of glu- cocerebroside in the reticuloendothelial cells of patients with Gaucher's disease is well documented (2-7). Previous studies in this laboratory indi- cated no abnormality in cerebroside formation in spleen tissue obtained from patients with Gauch- er's disease (8). These observations suggested that the biochemical lesion in these patients might be on the pathway of cerebroside catabolism. To pursue such investigations, we chemically synthe- sized glucocerebroside-14C labeled in carbon atom 1 of the D-glucose portion of the cerebroside mole- cule (9). With this material, it was possible to demonstrate and partially purify an enzyme in human spleen tissue that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond of the cerebroside molecule. The products of the reaction catalyzed by the most highly purified enzyme preparation were shown to be glucose and ceramide (N-acylsphingosine) (9). When this information became available, stud- ies were undertaken to determine the level of the glucocerebroside-cleaving enzyme in human spleen tissue obtained from patients with various condi- tions. The present report describes the results obtained in these experiments and presents evi- dence of a marked attenuation of glucocerebrosidecleaving activity in the spleen of patients with Gaucher's disease.
Indigenous primary school experiences (2011)

Kate Reid discusses the findings of a seven-year study of the literacy and numeracy achievement of Indigenous students as they progress through primary school.
Regulation of Muscle Protein Degradation (2004)

ABSTRACT. Muscle proteolysis from catabolic conditions, including chronic kidney disease, requires coordinated activation of both the apoptotic and ATP-ubiquitin-proteasome systems (Ub-P’some), including upregulation of components of the Ub-P’some system. Activation of the apoptotic system is required because caspase-3 initially cleaves myofibrils, yielding substrates for the Ub-P’some system plus a characteristic 14-kD actin fragment. The authors studied insulin deficiency, a model of accelerated muscle atrophy, to understand how regulation of the apoptotic and the Ub-P’some systems could be coordinated. As expected, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase activity (PI3K) was suppressed in muscle; in addition to decreased insulin, the mechanism includes IRS-1 phosphorylation at serine-307. Caspase-3 activity was also increased, and the authors linked it to a low PI3K-induced activation of the apoptotic system that includes a conformational change in Bax and release of cytochrome C. Coordinated atrogin-1/MAFbx expression is required as a critical factor for Ub-P’some system–dependent muscle proteolysis in diabetes and other catabolic states. The mechanism that regulates atrogin-1/MAFbx expression is unknown. Atrogin-1/MAFbx expression increased when the authors suppressed PI3K activity in muscle cells. The forkhead transcriptional factor, a downstream substrate of PI3K, stimulated atrogin-1/MAFbx promoter transcriptional activity markedly. The authors found in diabetic muscle that mRNA of the forkhead transcriptional factor, its nuclear translocation, and binding to the atrogin-1/MAFbx promoter were increased. When PI3K activity is low, both apoptotic and Ub-P’some pathways are activated coordinately to cause muscle proteolysis. This mechanism could increase muscle atrophy in conditions with impaired insulin responsiveness.
High-Speed, Low-Power Logic ICs using Quasi-Normally-Off GaAs MESFETs (1980)

Complex logic gates (AND-OR-NAND and OR-AND-NOR) can be realized with quasinormally-off GaAs MESFETs which require only one power supply. A single-clocked binary frequency divider has been implemented with OR-NAND gates and operated at clock frëquencies up to 650 MHz. Total power consumption is 2.8 mW for the divider circuit, i.e., the measured power-delay product (P. t <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pd</inf> ,) is 0.27 pJ in the constituent OR-NAND gates.
Island-edge effects of transistors fabricated in large-area laser micro-zone crystallized Si on insulator (1983)

Device-quality isolated silicon layers on crystalline silicon wafers have been grown by laser micro-zone crystallization. Device fabrication revealed that the lateral isolation of devices is nontrivial. Transistors with various edge configurations exhibit very different electrical characteristics. Parasitic side transistors in island-edge devices are responsible for an early turn-on in n-channel transistors. Their effect has to be taken into account for mobility calculations.
Ramsey Numbers and Adiabatic Quantum Computing (2012)

The graph-theoretic Ramsey numbers are notoriously difficult to calculate. In fact, for the two-color Ramsey numbers R(m,n) with m, n≥3, only nine are currently known. We present a quantum algorithm for the computation of the Ramsey numbers R(m,n). We show how the computation of R(m,n) can be mapped to a combinatorial optimization problem whose solution can be found using adiabatic quantum evolution. We numerically simulate this adiabatic quantum algorithm and show that it correctly determines the Ramsey numbers R(3,3) and R(2,s) for 5≤s≤7. We then discuss the algorithm's experimental implementation, and close by showing that Ramsey number computation belongs to the quantum complexity class quantum Merlin Arthur.
Minimal deterministic left-to-right pattern-matching automata (1998)

We propose a practical technique to compile pattern-matching of prioritised overlapping patterns in equational languages to an minimal deterministic left-to-right matching automaton. First, we present a method to construct a tree matching automaton for such patterns. The automaton obtained allows pattern-matching to be performed without any backtracking. Although this automaton is efficient since it avoids symbol re-examination, it can only achieve this at the cost of increased space requirements. Such space requirements could be minimised by using a dag automaton that shares all the isomorphic subautomata which are duplicated in a tree automaton. We design an efficient method to identify such subautomata and avoid their construction while generating the dag automaton. This is achieved without constructing the tree automaton first.
Evaluation of a new homogeneous enzyme inhibitor immunoassay of serum thyroxine with use of a bichromatic analyzer. (1980)

We evaluated a new homogeneous enzyme immunoassay of thyroxine with use of a discrete analyzer (the ABA-100 Bichromatic Analyzer), modified with an auxiliary dispenser assembly. The assay is based on inhibition of hydrolysis of the substrate, acetyl-beta-(methylthio)choline iodide, by acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase; EC 3.1.1.7). Thyroxine covalently linked to a cholinesterase inhibitor irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase, but if this thyroxine conjugate is bound to antibody it is not inhibitory. Seventy-five patients' samples may be analyzed in 1 h of instrument time. Precision and accuracy are excellent, results correlate well with those by radioimmunoassay, and there were no instances of confused clinical interpretation resulting from use of the proposed assay.
Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy among men with normal preoperative serum prostate‐specific antigen levels (2004)

Men who had normal PSA levels had significantly fewer high-grade tumors and significantly better biochemical outcomes after undergoing RP compared with men who had elevated PSA levels. Overall, men with normal PSA levels who undergo RP represent a favorable risk group.
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal System in Depression (1998)

Patients with depression frequently have symptom clusters which point strongly to involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system as a relay station between neurocircuitries in the brain and peripheral hormone and autonomic nervous function. It has been proposed that this increased, state-dependent hyperactivity of the HPA-system in depression is probably initiated and/or maintained by the combination of enhanced central production of CRH and desensitization of the binary, glucocorticoid receptor binding system in the hippocampus, which is the central regulator of HPA system activity. In a first series of studies a refined neuroendocrine test to probe the integrity of HPA system status--the combined dexamethasone suppression/CRH challenge (DEX/CRH) test--was developed and the differential effects of aging and depressed psychopathology on DEX/CRH test outcome were described. In a second set of studies, the chronological relationship between improvement of psychopathology in depressed patients treated with antidepressants and normalization of the disturbed HPA system function in these patients was further elucidated. Given the evidence from animal studies, we conclude that antidepressants induce an up-regulation of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor mRNA concentration, thus amplifying the negative feedback effect of glucocorticoids. This then results in the normalization of DEX/CRH test results observed in the depressed patients in our study. We further conclude that dampening of HPA system hyperactivity in depression by means of antidepressants is a conditio sine qua non for successful improvement of psychopathology.
Comparison of impedance and ultrasound spectroscopy in investigations of ischaemia caused alterations in organ tissue (2002)

During ischemia the tissue of organs undergoes progressive changes leading, finally, to a condition where resuscitation is no longer possible. Monitoring these alterations is of great practical interest for evaluating the probability of successful revival of the organ. Damage of the tissue alters the electrical and elasto-mechanical properties of the tissue. These can be evaluated by impedance spectroscopy or ultrasound spectroscopy measurements. A dependence of the extracellular space index (electrical parameter) and the relative backscattering coefficient (acoustical parameter) on the condition of the tissue was found and so it is possible to detect the onset of irreversible damage of the tissue. Both methods are useful measuring methods for monitoring the condition of tissue during ischaemia.
Cancellation of jammers and jammer multipath in a GPS receiver (1998)

It is demonstrated by simulation that jammers and jammer multipath can be cancelled using an adaptive space-time array, leading to nearly ideal GPS performance.
Good-looking green images (2011)

In this paper we present a novel perceptually-based algorithm for color quantization that produces images that consume less energy than conventionally quantized images when displayed on modern energy-adaptive displays. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we performed a subjective study on a standard Kodak color image database. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is able to reduce the energy consumption by 4.25% on average, while achieving the same or better subjective image quality as conventional color quantization.
The Half-life of Infused Factor VIII Is Shorter in Hemophiliac Patients with Blood Group 0 than in those with Blood Group A (2000)

A considerable inter-individual variation in half-life of infused factor VIII is observed among patients with hemophilia A. The factors contributing to this wide range in factor VIII half-life are not known in detail. We analysed the pharmacokinetics of infused factor VIII in 32 patients with hemophilia A, comprising 20 brothers from 10 families, 3 and 4 brothers from 2 families, and 5 patients from 5 single families, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the effect of several variables on factor VIII half-life. We found that the pre-infusion von Willebrand factor antigen levels (vWF:Ag) were positively correlated with factor VIII half-life (r = 0.52, p = 0.002), i.e., each variable was associated with about 27% of the variance of the other. In fraternal pairs, familial clustering was significant for ABO blood group (p < 0.001), but could not be detected for factor VIII half-lives or pre-infusion vWF:Ag levels. vWF:Ag level (p = 0.001) and ABO blood group (p = 0.003) significantly determined factor VIII half-life, whereas age, length, bodyweight, the presence or absence of a factor VIII gene inversion, and Rhesus phenotype did not. Patients with blood group O exhibited a statistically significant shorter factor VIII half-life than patients with blood group A (15.3 versus 19.7 h, respectively) (p = 0.003). Patients with blood group A and O differ in respect to the presence of anti-A antibodies in the latter. It is possible that these anti-A antibodies interact with endogenous vWF, thus affecting the half-life time of the factor VIII/vWF complex.
Visual appearance of microcontacts for solar windows (2019)

We explore the visual appearance of microscale silver grids for use in solar windows. The distortion of view is investigated by ray optical computations and experiments. We find that the visual appearance strongly depends on the geometric properties of the microcontacts (i.e., shape, aspect ratio, and periodicity) as well as on the viewing angle. From a perpendicular view, glass substrates appear marginally darker with microcontacts. In the case of effectively transparent triangular cross-section microcontacts, observation of scenes under a steep angle with respect to the substrate leads to the appearance of “ghost images.” Scenes are projected through redirection of rays by triangular cross-section microcontacts which can be tuned by adjusting aspect ratio and periodicity.
The Influence of Level Degeneracy on the Self-Induced Transparency Effect (1968)

Self-induced transparency effects are examined in an absorbing medium having degenerate optical transitions. Undistorted propagating light pulses exist under restrictive conditions for $j\ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons}j$ transitions ($j>0$) and for 0 \ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons} 1 and $\frac{1}{2}\ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons}\frac{3}{2}$. Pulses which propagate without energy loss for any transition ${j\ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons}j}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ also include zero-degree pulses defined as $\ensuremath{\int}\mathcal{E}(z,t)dt=0$.
Regulation of AP-1/DNA complex formation in vitro. (1991)

The level of AP-1 DNA-binding activity exhibited in vitro by unfractionated extracts of Hela nuclei can be stimulated by a low molecular weight fraction from rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Stimulation also requires a heat labile component of the nuclear extract, probably a protein. Stimulated and unstimulated extracts with high and low AP-1 DNA-binding activities contain the same levels of proteins reactive with antisera against Jun and Fos, proteins which are shown to be involved in the AP-1/DNA complexes detected in vitro. The low molecular weight fraction from reticulocyte lysate can be substituted by the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) in the stimulation reaction and conversely oxidised glutathione greatly reduces formation of AP-1/DNA complexes. The binding activities of transcription factors SP-1, NF-1 and CBP are unaffected by DTT or oxidised glutathione. These observations, taken together, suggest that the efficiency with which pre-existing Fos and Jun proteins can bind an AP-1 target sequence in vitro can be controlled by a nuclear activity which is sensitive to oxidation/reduction and that this control mechanism is specific for AP-1.
An extensible discovery service for smart things (2011)

We present DiscoWoT, a semantic discovery service for Web-enabled smart things. The service is based on the application of multiple Discovery Strategies to a Web resource's representation, where arbitrary users can create and update strategies at runtime using DiscoWoT's RESTful interface. Its goal is to provide a future-proof mechanism for enabling both, human users and machines, to semantically discover functionality provided by Web-enabled devices. Ultimately, it aims to allow for the facilitated discovery, selection, and utilization of smart things. DiscoWoT incorporates a transparent mechanism for deferring resource discovery to external handlers and can thus interact with other services within discovery service federations. It may be accessed by arbitrary users for ad hoc discovery of functionality offered by Web resources or incorporated into infrastructures for Web-enabled smart things.
Effect of Halloysite Nanotube Incorporation in Epoxy Resin and Carbon Fiber Ethylene/Ammonia Plasma Treatment on Their Interfacial Property (2012)

Abstract Effects of halloysite nanotube (HNT) loading of up to 2% in epoxy resin on its mechanical properties were characterized. The interfacial property of the resin with carbon fiber nanocomposite was also studied. Single fiber composite (SFC) technique was used to characterize the carbon fiber/epoxy resin interfacial shear stress. Carbon fibers were also coated with ammonia/ethylene plasma polymer to obtain a thin coating of the polymer with amine groups that could react with the epoxy and thus improve the interfacial property. The results indicated that the Young’s modulus of HNT containing nanocomposites increased slightly up to a loading of 0.25% after which it started to decrease. The tensile strength, however, steadily decreased with increasing of HNT loading although the fracture strain did not change significantly. This might be related to the nanotube shape, size and clustering. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was also increased slightly with HNT loading. The ethylene/ammonia plasma polymer coated fibers exhibited significantly higher IFSS by over 150%, independent of the HNT loading. The highest IFSS obtained was almost 79 MPa for plasma treated fibers. The results suggest that the carbon fiber/epoxy interface is not affected by the incorporation of up to 1.5% of HNT. Furthermore, the fiber surface modification through plasma polymerization is an effective method to improve and control the IFSS.
The Development of Improved Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) in the United States (2007)

In their short and dramatically successful history, ETFs have appealed to investors because they offer features not available in other pooled investments. Shareholders buying and selling ETF shares pay the costs of their purchases and sales, in contrast to the mutual fund model where entry and exit is costless to the fund share trader and often very costly to ongoing fund shareholders—an important characteristic behind the market timing scandals of recent years. ETFs also offer tax efficiency, an important feature for taxable investors, which also eliminates the conflict of interest between taxable and non-taxable investors. The authors believe that a new generation of ETFs with less transparent portfolios and a wider range of features can and should preserve these and other shareholder advantages of the original ETFs.
Harmonic Grammars for Formal Languages (1992)

Basic connectionist principles imply that grammars should take the form of systems of parallel soft constraints defining an optimization problem the solutions to which are the well-formed structures in the language. Such Harmonic Grammars have been successfully applied to a number of problems in the theory of natural languages. Here it is shown that formal languages too can be specified by Harmonic Grammars, rather than by conventional serial re-write rule systems.
Quels liens entre lecture labiale pure et compétences en dénomination rapide automatisée et en fluences verbales chez les adultes normo-entendants ? (2019)

La lecture labiale est pratiquée au quotidien par les personnes sourdes et entendantes. Or, les capacités de lecture labiale sont très variables d’une personne à une autre. Ceci est notamment dû à la dépendance du niveau de lecture labiale à des capacités langagières et cognitives variées. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer l’existence d’un lien entre la lecture labiale pure et les tâches de dénomination rapide automatisée et de fluences verbales, ainsi que d’en déterminer la nature. En effet, elles ont en commun d’être sous-tendues par un accès rapide au lexique, un réseau lexico-sémantique organisé et une flexibilité mentale fonctionnelle. L’étude a porté sur 48 sujets adultes normo-entendants, à qui on a proposé informatiquement des tâches de lecture labiale de mots et de phrases, de dénomination rapide automatisée mais aussi de fluences verbales phonémiques et sémantiques. L’étude statistique montre des corrélations entre la lecture labiale de mots et certains indices de fluence phonémique comme les mots produits durant les trente premières secondes, le nombre de mots corrects produits ou le nombre de switches phonémiques. Il semblerait donc pertinent de mener ultérieurement des études sur l’utilité de la tâche de fluence phonémique dans le cadre de l’évaluation et de la prise en charge de la lecture labiale, et plus précisément sur l’étude des spécificités des fluences en trente secondes ou celles d’une population sourde.