gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shanghai from Dense Mono-center to Organic Poly-Center Urban Expansion (2006)

Shanghai is one of the largest prosperous cities in China with the population over 17million. From the 1940’s the major urban planning strategy is trying to de-centralize the overcrowded population in the central part of the city, where the density was even as high as 70000 people/sq.km, now decreased to 40000 people/sq.km. The still very high dense city contributes relative less motorized travel, as over 50% of people travel by foot and bike. But it also creates the problem of congestion in the city center, degenerated quality. And the rapid growth claims more space to accommodate more diversity and dynamic economic activities. The tendency shows Shanghai should transfer its spatial structure from Mono-center to Poly center. But the de-centralization strategy to encourage the people stay in the satellite town has not been success. Recently the municipal government has put great attention to support the secondary city in the suburb of Shanghai, according to the plan the most important three new towns will be with the population of one million. More and more industry has also been moved out to the suburb due to the lower cost for land and convenient for freight transport. In the year 2010, the world expo will be held in shanghai, some major infrastructure is now under-construction, which including the 400km metro system, and several the major passenger interchanges, all those will have a big influence on the spatial structure of Shanghai Region. The transformation of shanghai urban planning policy and the vision of the urban spatial structure will be analyzed in this paper.
Adaptive Hypersensitivity to Estrogen (2004)

Clinical observations demonstrate that women with breast cancer often respond to subsequent endocrine manipulation after resistance to initial hormonal therapy develops. As a mechanistic explanation for these findings, we hypothesized that human breast tumors can adapt in response to the pressure exerted by endocrine therapy with development of hypersensitivity to estradiol. To understand the signaling pathways responsible, we examined estrogenic stimulation of cell proliferation in a model system and provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that long-term deprivation of estradiol (LTED) causes adaptive hypersensitivity. Even though the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) is markedly up-regulated in LTED cells, the enhanced responses to estradiol do not appear to involve mechanisms acting at the level of transcription of estrogen-regulated genes. We found that ERalpha co-opts a classical growth factor pathway and induces rapid nongenomic effects that are enhanced in LTED cells. Estradiol binds to cell membrane-associated ERs, physically associates with the adaptor protein Shc, and induces its phosphorylation. In turn, Shc binds Grb2 and Sos, which result in the rapid activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. These nongenomic effects of estradiol produced biological effects, as evidenced by Elk-1 activation and by morphological changes in cell membranes. The mechanistic pathways involved in adaptive hypersensitivity suggest that inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase pathways might prevent the development of adaptive hypersensitivity and allow more prolonged efficacy of endocrine therapies.
Career aspirations of Gen Y workforce of IT sector in Mysore (2014)

Today there are an unprecedented 3 generational groups coexisting in the workplace. This demographic diversity poses a challenge for employers, in terms of creating and managing harmonious workplaces, where each generation's unique values and office expectations mesh. The newest group to enter the workforce, Generation Y, also known as millennialsposes a particular challenge for organizations. Sixty percent of working millennials plan to leave their job within the first three years of being hired-a nod to an employers’ difficulty in retaining Generation Y members of their company. More than half admit that millennials are the most expensive generation to train and retain reports Millennial branding, (a Gen Y research and Consulting firm). This research study is an empirical exploratory study on Gen Y employees working in Mysore city. Generation Y employees covered in this study are born between 19811991. The study examines career aspirations of Mysore Gen Y at the workplace today. The findings reveal heterogeneity of Gen Ys’ career aspirations and suggest that the respondents aspire to achieve pure challenge, life style and technical competence.
Structural changes of large conduit arteries in hypertension (1996)

In sustained essential hypertension, arterial wall hypertrophy can be demonstrated in the absence of organ damage. Operational arterial elasticity is maintained in peripheral but not in central arteries. Structural changes of the large conduit arteries are substantially reversed by drug therapy together with a reduction in blood pressure.
Structural Impairments of Hippocampus in Coal Mine Gas Explosion-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2014)

Investigations on hippocampal and amygdalar volume have revealed inconsistent results in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Little is known about the structural covariance alterations between the hippocampus and amygdala in PTSD. In this study, we evaluated the alteration in the hippocampal and amygdalar volume and their structural covariance in the coal mine gas explosion related PTSD. High resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on coal mine gas explosion related PTSD male patients (n = 14) and non-traumatized coalminers without PTSD (n = 25). The voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method was used to test the inter-group differences in hippocampal and amygdalar volume as well as the inter-group differences in structural covariance between the ipsilateral hippocampus and amygdala. PTSD patients exhibited decreased gray matter volume (GMV) in the bilateral hippocampi compared to controls (p<0.05, FDR corrected). GMV covariances between the ipsilateral hippocampus and amygdala were significantly reduced in PTSD patients compared with controls (p<0.05, FDR corrected). The coalminers with gas explosion related PTSD had decreased hippocampal volume and structural covariance with the ipsilateral amygdala, suggesting that the structural impairment of the hippocampus may implicate in the pathophysiology of PTSD.
Separation Control on High Angle of Attack Airfoil Using Plasma Actuators (2003)

This work involves the documentation and control of leading-edge flow separation that occurs over an airfoil at high angles of attack, well above stall. A generic airfoil shape (NACA 663-018) was used because of its documented leading-edge stall characteristics. It was instrumented for surface-pressure measurements that were used to calculate lift coefficients. Mean-velocity profiles downstream of the airfoil were used to determine the drag coefficient. In addition to these, smoke streakline flow visualization was used to document the state of flow separation. The airfoil was operated over a range of freestream speeds from 10 to 30 m/s, giving chord Reynolds numbers from 77 × 10 3 to 333 × 10 3 .T wo types of plasma actuator designs were investigated. The first produced a spanwise array of streamwise vortices. The second produced a two-dimensional jet in the flow direction along the surface of the airfoil. The plasma actuators were found to lead to reattachment for angles of attack that were 8 deg past the stall angle (the highest investigated). This was accompanied by a full pressure recovery and up to a 400% increase in the lift-to-drag ratio.
The impact and implications of the growth in residential user-to-user traffic (2006)

It has been reported worldwide that peer-to-peer traffic is taking up a significant portion of backbone networks. In particular, it is prominent in Japan because of the high penetration rate of fiber-based broadband access. In this paper, we first report aggregated traffic measurements collected over 21 months from seven ISPs covering 42% of the Japanese backbone traffic. The backbone is dominated by symmetric residential traffic which increased 37%in 2005. We further investigate residential per-customer trafficc in one of the ISPs by comparing DSL and fiber users, heavy-hitters and normal users, and geographic traffic matrices. The results reveal that a small segment of users dictate the overall behavior; 4% of heavy-hitters account for 75% of the inbound volume, and the fiber users account for 86%of the inbound volume. About 63%of the total residential volume is user-to-user traffic. The dominant applications exhibit poor locality and communicate with a wide range and number of peers. The distribution of heavy-hitters is heavy-tailed without a clear boundary between heavy-hitters and normal users, which suggests that users start playing with peer-to-peer applications, become heavy-hitters, and eventually shift from DSL to fiber. We provide conclusive empirical evidence from a large and diverse set of commercial backbone data that the emergence of new attractive applications has drastically affected traffic usage and capacity engineering requirements.
Galactosamine-induced fulminant liver failure--observation in a porcine model. (2002)

Fulminant hepatic failure can only be treated successfully by liver transplantation, which, however, is not always available. To "bridge" the patient with fulminant hepatic failure until a liver graft is available, various forms of liver support devices had been designed but they were not uniformly successful. To prove the efficacy of a liver support device for fulminant hepatic failure, testing in an animal model is necessary. We attempted to induce a pig model with fulminant hepatic failure by administering galactosamine into pigs and reported the observation. Three pigs were given a dose of 0.5 gm/kg of galactosamine and five pigs were given 1 gm/kg of galactosamine. One pig receiving 0.5 gm/kg galactosamine survived after manifestation of liver failure, while all the other pigs died. The two pigs receiving 0.5 gm/kg galactosamine survived longer than the five pigs receiving 1 gm/kg galactosamine. Before death, a significant elevation of parenchymal liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, bile acid, ammonia, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, activated clotting time, a decrease of platelet concentration, ketone bodies ratio, blood glucose and plasma albumin, and serious impairment of indocyanine green clearance were indicated. At post-mortem, severe liver necrosis was observed. The model may be suitable for testing the efficacy of liver support device for fulminant hepatic failure, preferably 24-48 hours after administration of galactosamine.
A neuromorphic MOS circuit imitating jamming avoidance response of <i>Eigenmannia</i> (2011)

In this paper, we implement a model of an electric fish, Eigenmannia, that detects frequency differences between the individuals, on analog CMOS circuits. The circuit's fundamental function is equivalent to a conventional “phase frequency comparator”. The circuit consists of five elemental cell units that implement neural networks of the electric fish. Using a simulation program of integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE), we demonstrate that the proposed circuit can detect the frequency difference.
Development of program-controlled portable insulin delivery devices (1980)

Various alternatives for program-controlled insulin delivery systems, on which we have been working since 1972, are described. Fixed-programmable and demand-programmable devices, both in two parts comprising separate control and delivery units, have been miniaturized and technically improved to the extent that they can now be used for the ambulant, long-term treatment of diabetic patients. The electronic drive systems, including control and safety circuits, that are discussed using the demand-type system as an example have been conventionally designed, using CMOS technology. The mechanical components of the insulin-delivery devices, in particular the roller pump driven by a stepping motor, have been developed in such a way that they can also be employed in implantable devices, without any essential modifications. Particular attention was thus paid to the features of miniaturization, high insulin concentration, low energy consumption, and a high degree of safety and reliability. The experience obtained from broad-based clinical trials of the devices is summarized briefly.
Conductive Polymer Protonated Nanocellulose Aerogels for Tunable and Linearly Responsive Strain Sensors (2018)

Strong and highly conductive aerogels have been assembled from cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) protonated with conductive poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) complex at equal mass or less. Protonating CNF surface carboxylates and hydrogen-bonding CNF surface carboxyls with PSS in PEDOT/PSS generated PEDOT/PSS/CNF aerogels that were up to ten times stronger while as conductive as neat PEDOT/PSS aerogel, attributed to the transformation of PEDOT benzoid structure to the more electron transfer-preferred quinoid structure. Ethylene glycol vapor annealing further increased the conductivity of PEDOT/PSS/CNF aerogels by 2 orders of magnitude. The poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-infused conductive PEDOT/PSS/CNF aerogel (70 wt % CNF) transform a resistance-insensitive PDMS-infused PEDOT/PSS aerogel (gauge factor of 1.1 × 10<sup>-4</sup>) into a stretchable, sensitive, and linearly responsive strain sensor (gauge factor of 14.8 at 95% strain).
ZnO as a Functional Material, a Review (2019)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a fascinating wide band gap semiconductor material with many properties that make it widely studied in the material science, physics, chemistry, biochemistry, and solid-state electronics communities. Its transparency, possibility of bandgap engineering, the possibility to dope it into high electron concentrations, or with many transition or rare earth metals, as well as the many structures it can form, all explain the intensive interest and broad applications. This review aims to showcase ZnO as a very versatile material lending itself both to bottom-up and top-down fabrication, with a focus on the many devices it enables, based on epitaxial structures, thin films, thick films, and nanostructures, but also with a significant number of unresolved issues, such as the challenge of efficient p-type doping. The aim of this article is to provide a wide-ranging cross-section of the current state of ZnO structures and technologies, with the main development directions underlined, serving as an introduction, a reference, and an inspiration for future research.
Fly Guts (2011)

Successful development of fruit flies depends on a gut bacterium that interacts with its host’s insulin-signaling pathway.
Structural and Functional Dysbiosis of Fecal Microbiota in Chinese Patients With Alzheimer's Disease (2021)

Increasing evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis plays vital roles in a variety of gut-brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, alterations of the gut microbiota as well as their correlations with cognitive scores and host immunity have remained unclear in well-controlled trials on Chinese AD patients. In this study, samples from 100 AD patients, and 71 age- and gender-matched, cognitively normal controls were obtained to explore the structural and functional alterations of the fecal microbiota targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene by MiSeq sequencing, and to analyze their associations with clinical characteristics. Our data demonstrated a remarkably reduction in the bacterial diversity and alterations in the taxonomic composition of the fecal microbiota of the AD patients. Interestingly, the abundant butyrate-producing genera such as <i>Faecalibacterium</i> decreased significantly, where this was positively correlated with such clinical indicators as the MMSE, WAIS, and Barthel scores in the AD patients. On the contrary, abundant lactate-producing genera, such as <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, increased prominently, and were inversely correlated with these indicators. This shift in the gut dysbiosis of the microbiota, from being butyrate producers to lactate producers, contributed to immune disturbances in the host that could be used as non-invasive biomarkers to distinguish the controls from the AD patients. Moreover, several predicted functional modules, including the biosynthesis and the metabolism of fatty acids, that were altered in the microbiota of the AD patients could be utilized by the bacteria to produce immunomodulatory metabolites. Our study established the structural and functional dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in AD patients, and the results suggest the potential for use of gut bacteria for the early, non-invasive diagnosis of AD, personalized treatment, and the development of tailor-made probiotics designed for Chinese AD patients.
Síndromes de insuficiencia medular (2000)

Los sindromes de insuficiencia medular comprende gran numero de patologias caracterizadas por disminucion en la produccion de una o mas de las principales lineas hematopoyeticas cuyo origen puede ser hereditario o adquirido. Las nuevas tecnologias de que se dispone en la actualidad han permitido conocer aspectos hasta hace poco sombrios. En esta seccion se revisaran algunos aspectos de gran interes de los sindromes mielodisplasicos, la anemia aplasica y las citopenias inmunes que se traducen en avances en la etiopatogenia, fisiopatologia o tratamiento.
Se han utilizado numerosos terminos para definir a los pacientes que presentan citopenias refractarias cuyas medulas muestran cambios morfologicos compatibles con cambios mielodisplasicos por lo menos en dos lineas celulares hematopoyeticas en quienes se ha demostrado mayor propension a sufrir transformacion a leucemia aguda mieloblastica (LAM) que se parece morfologicamente a una LAM de novo, aunque esta transformacion generalmente es resistente a la quimioterapia de Induccion estandar. El mal pronostico de los pacientes que sufren esta transformacion es similar al de los pacientes que evolucion a la fase blastica de la leucemia granulocitica cronica. En este simposio se revisaran los aspectos mas actuales sobre la etiopatogenia de los sindromes mielodisplasicos.
Optimal design of gas turbine-solid oxide fuel cell hybrid plant (2011)

In the present study, a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine power plant consisting of a compressor, SOFC stack, heat exchangers, combustor and turbines is considered. Individual models are developed for each component through applications of the first law of thermodynamics and the corresponding cost of each component is also presented. Two objective functions including the total thermal efficiency of the system and the capital cost of the plant are defined. Since any effort to decrease the total cost of the plant leads to a less efficient system, the considered objective functions are conflicting. Therefore, multi-objective optimization using genetic algorithm is utilized in order to achieve a set of optimal solutions, each of which is a trade-off between objective functions. The main advantage of this work is providing a wide range of optimal results each of which can be selected by the designer considering available investment and the required efficiency of the system.
Symmetry-breaking nanostructures for enhanced light-trapping in thin film solar cells (2015)

We introduce a manufacturable method to break the symmetry in inverted nanopyramids on c-Si. This method broadly enhances light trapping and would increase the efficiency from 25 to 26.4% for thick c-Si cells. We further use the nanopyramids as a template to deposit plasmonic metal structures and demonstrate enhanced light absorption in organic solar cells. The enhancement exceeds 100% in some cases by concentrating the plasmonic bands tuned to the polymer absorption. The result agrees well with our measured surface plasmon polariton band structures. We expect our approach to be broadly applicable to thin-film solar cells.
Hydrogen Sulfide Detection by UV-Assisted Infrared Spectrometry (1997)

Ultraviolet (UV)-assisted infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been evaluated for its potential usage and feasibility to indirectly detect hydrogen sulfide gas. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a weakly IR-absorbing compound, and its detection by IR methods is further complicated by severe water interferences. However, H 2 S can readily be converted to sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), a strong IR absorber, via ultraviolet irradiation. A multipass IR White cell equipped with an internal mercury germicidal UV lamp has been interfaced to a Bomem MB series Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer. The conversion of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) was tested in five matrices: nitrogen, ambient air, moisturized ambient air, dried ambient air, and zero-grade air. The conversion efficiency of H 2 S to SO 2 in nitrogen, containing a negligible amount of oxygen, was approximately 25% and peaked at approximately 6 min of UV irradiation. In ambient air, the conversion efficiency was calculated to be ∼45% and peaked at 35 s of irradiation, while in the dried ambient air the SO 2 concentration peaked in 85 s. In ambient air, the generated SO 2 was destroyed during its production and was below detection within 90 s of irradiation. In the dried ambient air, the generated SO 2 was still detectable at 120 s of irradiation. Moisturized ambient air was investigated to determine the degree of SO 2 loss due to reaction with H 2 O. From these data, it appears that the water molecule and SO 2 photolysis contribute only slightly to the SO 2 loss. The greatest loss is apparently caused by reactive radicals such as ·OH generated during UV irradiation. Index Headings: FT-IR; UV photolysis; Vapor phase; H 2 S; SO 2 ; Environmental analysis.
Electrokinetic Remediation of Chlorinated Aromatic and Nitroaromatic Organic Contaminants in Clay Soil (2011)

This article presents a bench-scale experimental study performed to investigate the remediation of low permeability clay soil contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP), Lindane, and dinitrotoluene (DNT) using electrokinetic technique. Three bench-scale electrokinetic experiments were conducted on kaolin soil. In each test, the soil was spiked with one of the following contaminants: PCP, Lindane, and DNT at target concentrations of 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg, respectively. The applied voltage gradient across the soil in each test was 1 volt direct current (VDC)/cm for about 500 h. Extent of PCP, DNT, and Lindane destruction in the soil as a result of electrokinetics was ascertained. The study demonstrated that degradation of PCP, DNT, and Lindane occurred during electrokinetics without using any solubilizing or reducing agents in the flushing solution. Results showed that PCP, DNT, and Lindane were degraded by a direct electrochemical reductive process at the electrodes. Contaminant degradation across the soil ranged from 40% to 95%, 28% to 80%, and 26% to 60% for PCP, Lindane, and DNT, respectively. The effectiveness of the electrochemical reduction of the contaminant during electrokinetics depended on the contaminant solubility and soil pH. Overall, this study demonstrated that electrokinetic technology has the potential to remediate chlorinated aromatic and nitroaromatic contaminants in low permeability soils by the direct reductive process.