gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Product-to-Parent Reversion of Trenbolone: Unrecognized Risks for Endocrine Disruption (2013)

Trenbolone acetate (TBA) is a high-value steroidal growth promoter often administered to beef cattle, whose metabolites are potent endocrine-disrupting compounds. We performed laboratory and field phototransformation experiments to assess the fate of TBA metabolites and their photoproducts. Unexpectedly, we observed that the rapid photohydration of TBA metabolites is reversible under conditions representative of those in surface waters (pH 7, 25°C). This product-to-parent reversion mechanism results in diurnal cycling and substantial regeneration of TBA metabolites at rates that are strongly temperature- and pH-dependent. Photoproducts can also react to produce structural analogs of TBA metabolites. These reactions also occur in structurally similar steroids, including human pharmaceuticals, which suggests that predictive fate models and regulatory risk assessment paradigms must account for transformation products of high-risk environmental contaminants such as endocrine-disrupting steroids.
Immobilization of enzymes and microbial cells using carrageenan as matrix (1979)

Conditions for the gelation k-carrageenan, which is a new polymer for immobilization of enzymes and microbial cells, were investigated in detail. k-Carrageenan was easily induced to gel by contact with metal ions, amines, amino acid derivatives, and water-miscible organic solvents. By using this property of k-carrageenan, the immobilization of enzymes and microbial cells was investigated. Several kinds of enzymes and microbial cells were easily immobilized with high enzyme activities. Immobilized preparations were easily tailor-made to various shape such as cube, bead, and membrane. The obtained immobilized preparations were stable, and columns packed with them were used for continuous enzyme reaction for a long period. Their operational stabilities were enhanced by hardening with glutaraldehyde and hexamethylenediamine.
AGENTS AS WEB SERVICE PROVIDERS: SINGLE AGENTS OR MAS? (2006)

Agents are good tools for providing Web services. They are usually either single agents, where one agent provides one or multiple services, or multiple individual agents that are discovered using UDDI. But then also a singular recipient is determined for fulfilling actual requests. This is well suited for smaller services, which are provided by a single, but perhaps complex, agent by itself. However, more difficult tasks will usually be solved by a system of agents. There, in some cases, an initial single point of contact will be useful, preventing exposure of individual service agents. Later on communication takes place with the specific agents directly, avoiding the bottleneck of a single “gateway” agent. Some guidelines when a single agent view is desirable and when exposing the system of agents is better suited are presented with the combination of both aspects through a gateway agent. Currently the latter approach is possible only through the application requesting the service itself. In this paper an extension to SOAP is presented, allowing redirection of Web service requests to another recipient by the (initial) service provider. An application is presented where redirection is used to distribute tasks to individual agents.
<i>Stored Program Controlled Network</i>: Calling Card Service-TSPS Hardware, Software, and Signaling Implementation (1982)

New hardware and software were developed for the Traffic Service Position System (TSPS) NO. 1 to provide Calling Card Service and related capabilities. These developments allow TSPS to provide prompting announcements to calling card customers, to receive customer-dialed billing information, to verify the received billing information utilizing the data base capabilities of the Stored Program Controlled Network, and to provide operator assistance for calling card customers when required. The implementation includes new TSPS operational and maintenance software, dual-tone multifrequency∗ (DTMF) and multifrequency digit detection and announcement circuits, access to the Stored Program Controlled Network, and new local office interfaces.
Effect of nicotinic acid administration on hepatic very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride production (2001)

Our objective was to examine very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) kinetics after chronic and acute administration of nicotinic acid (NA). Incorporation of [1,2,3,4-(13)C(4)]palmitate and [2-(13)C(1)]glycerol into VLDL-TG was measured in five healthy, normolipidemic women. Each subject was studied twice; the 4-day hospital stays were separated by 1 mo, during which time doses of NA were increased to 2 g/day (500 mg, 4 times/day). During posttreatment study, 500 mg of NA were administered acutely at 0800. Under baseline postabsorptive conditions, incorporation curves from (13)C-labeled free fatty acid (FFA) and (13)C-labeled glycerol were superimposable, and VLDL-TG kinetics were in agreement (t(1/2) = 1.4 +/- 0.3 and 1.3 +/- 0.3 h, and production rates = 27.2 +/- 6.1 and 28.5 +/- 5.3 g/day, respectively). In the postabsorptive state after chronic NA therapy, VLDL-TG concentrations and production rates were lower despite a trend toward elevated plasma FFA concentrations and fluxes. After the acute dose of NA, plasma FFA concentrations and flux fell dramatically, and there was a virtual halt to VLDL-TG production, which continued throughout the 6-h period after NA, despite a marked rebound overshoot in serum FFA concentrations and flux after hour 2. Plasma homocysteine concentrations increased 68% (P < 0.001) in the NA phase, consistent with chronic increased transmethylation demand. We conclude that 1) NA acutely and chronically decreases VLDL-TG production rate in normal women; 2) the acute effect on VLDL-TG production is associated with an initial suppression of lipolysis but persists for several hours after the antilipolytic action of NA has abated and is observed in the basal postabsorptive state, when lipolytic rates are not reduced; and 3) the effect of NA on VLDL-TG production, therefore, cannot be completely explained by its antilipolytic actions.
Importance of 3' non-coding sequences for efficient retrovirus-mediated gene transfer in avian cells revealed by self-inactivating vectors (1993)

Avian leukosis virus-derived vectors were constructed with an internal transcriptional promoter and various 3' non-coding sequences. Deletions were introduced into the downstream U3 long terminal repeat (LTR) to obtain self-inactivation of LTR-mediated transcription after one round of replication. However, 3' non-coding sequences appeared to determine not only self-inactivation of the vectors but also gene transfer efficiency. Further analysis revealed the influence of these sequences on both internal gene expression and RNA packaging. One construct permitted gene transfer while inactivating 5' LTR-promoted transcription.
Viral Inactivation of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Normal Human Serum by Cross-Linked Polyvinylpyrrolidone (1993)

Methods for inactivating virus contaminants in serum, cryoprecipitate-poor plasma, and protein concentrates need to be identified. In this study, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-spiked human serum and cryoprecipitate-poor plasma were treated with cross-linked povidone iodine (XLPVPI) at concentrations of 0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/mL up to 120 min at 4 and 24 degrees C. The activities of virus and relevant proteins were examined. The results indicated that XLPVPI at concentrations that inactivate > 5 logs of VSV in serum decreased factor IX and protein C activities by < 10% in cryoprecipitate-poor plasma. At concentrations up to 10 mg of XLPVPI/mL, < 10% of protein C and factor IX activity was lost after incubation for 5 min at 24 degrees C. In addition, < 10% loss in protein C and factor IX activity was observed at 4 degrees C after treatment with < or = 6 mg of XLPVPI/mL for 20 min. Treatment of human serum with 6 mg of XLPVPI/mL at 4 degrees C and 8 mg of XLPVPI/mL at 24 degrees C for 5 min provided inactivation of > 5 logs of VSV.
Diverse Bacterial Microcompartment Organelles (2014)

Bacterial microcompartments (MCPs) are sophisticated protein-based organelles used to optimize metabolic pathways. They consist of metabolic enzymes encapsulated within a protein shell, which creates an ideal environment for catalysis and facilitates the channeling of toxic/volatile intermediates to downstream enzymes. The metabolic processes that require MCPs are diverse and widely distributed and play important roles in global carbon fixation and bacterial pathogenesis. The protein shells of MCPs are thought to selectively control the movement of enzyme cofactors, substrates, and products (including toxic or volatile intermediates) between the MCP interior and the cytoplasm of the cell using both passive electrostatic/steric and dynamic gated mechanisms. Evidence suggests that specialized shell proteins conduct electrons between the cytoplasm and the lumen of the MCP and/or help rebuild damaged iron-sulfur centers in the encapsulated enzymes. The MCP shell is elaborated through a family of small proteins whose structural core is known as a bacterial microcompartment (BMC) domain. BMC domain proteins oligomerize into flat, hexagonally shaped tiles, which assemble into extended protein sheets that form the facets of the shell. Shape complementarity along the edges allows different types of BMC domain proteins to form mixed sheets, while sequence variation provides functional diversification. Recent studies have also revealed targeting sequences that mediate protein encapsulation within MCPs, scaffolding proteins that organize lumen enzymes and the use of private cofactor pools (NAD/H and coenzyme A [HS-CoA]) to facilitate cofactor homeostasis. Although much remains to be learned, our growing understanding of MCPs is providing a basis for bioengineering of protein-based containers for the production of chemicals/pharmaceuticals and for use as molecular delivery vehicles.
Distinct Transcriptional Profiles in Ex Vivo CD4<sup>+</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells Are Established Early in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection and Are Characterized by a Chronic Interferon Response as Well as Extensive Transcriptional Changes in CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells (2007)

Changes in T-cell function are a hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but the pathogenic mechanisms leading to these changes are unclear. We examined the gene expression profiles in ex vivo human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from untreated HIV-1-infected individuals at different clinical stages and rates of disease progression. Profiles of pure CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets from HIV-1-infected nonprogressors with controlled viremia were indistinguishable from those of individuals not infected with HIV-1. Similarly, no gene clusters could distinguish T cells from individuals with early infection from those seen in chronic progressive HIV-1 infection, whereas differences were observed between uninfected individuals or nonprogressors versus early or chronic progressors. In early and chronic HIV-1 infection, three characteristic gene expression signatures were observed. (i) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed increased expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, some ISGs, including CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, and the interleukin-15 alpha receptor were not upregulated. (ii) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed a cluster similar to that observed in thymocytes. (iii) More genes were differentially regulated in CD8+ T cells than in CD4+ T cells, including a cluster of genes downregulated exclusively in CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, HIV-1 infection induces a persistent T-cell transcriptional profile, early in infection, characterized by a dramatic but potentially aberrant interferon response and a profile suggesting an active thymic output. These findings highlight the complexity of the host-virus relationship in HIV-1 infection.
Does South A?rica's nuclear industry deserve to survive? (1994)

Abstract Given the hi?torical record of the nuclear industry, its massive subsidisation, the secrecy within which it has operated, and the commitment it made to the apartheid regime's weapons programme, does it deserve to survive into a post-apartheid era? The paper outlines various options and argues for drastic reform of the Atomic Energy Corporation (AEC) and a serious re-evaluation of Eskom's nuclear programme. It also suggests a recall conference in five years to monitor and evaluate progress in implementing some of these reforms. This paper was presented to the Conference on nuclear policy for a democratic South Africa on 11–13 February 1994, Cape Town, South Africa.
Beyond Photography (2011)

Richard "Sal" Salcido, MD, is the Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Skin & Wound Care and the Course Director for the Annual Clinical Symposium on Advances in Skin & Wound Care. He is the William Erdman Professor and Chairman, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Senior Fellow, Institute on Aging; and Associate, Institute of Medicine and Bioengineering, at the University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaFigure
Experimental VoIP capacity measurements for 802.11b WLANs (2005)

There is an increasing interest in supporting voice over IP (VoIP) applications over wireless local area networks (WLANs). To provide quality of service guarantee to voice traffic, an admission control mechanism must be administered to avoid over loading the network. In this paper, we present an experimental evaluation of VoIP capacity in WLANs under various data and voice loads. The obtained capacity estimates can be used in admission control engine to make an admission or a rejection decision. In this paper, we identify a suitable evaluation metric to quantify the performance of a voice call. The metric accounts for packet losses and packet delays for each voice flow. We then define voice capacity in a WLAN and present experimental capacity measurements under various background data traffic loads. The experimental capacity measurements are immediately useful for WLAN hotspot providers and enterprise WLAN architects.
Models of hearing (1975)

People have thought about their ears (and those of certain animals) for a long time. Intelligent speculation, supplemented by experiment (and vice versa), has brought us a long way toward understanding how the ear works-from subtle monaural phase effects (verboten by Ohm's law of acoustics) to expansive binaural stereophony (hailed by almost everyone). Much of this new gained knowledge, some of it acquired only very recently, has found its formal expression-as it has in other fields-in models: mathematical models or physical models (or both) of how the ear "does it" ... or might do it if it had been designed by fanciful model builders instead of by pragmatic evolution. In this paper, after a brief introduction into the human ear, a selection of models of both kinds is presented-not with claims of exhaustiveness, but with the intent to give a flavor of what is going on in a very active field on a fascinating, and ultimately still mysterious, subject: man's sense of hearing.
Vehicle Trajectory Prediction and Collision Warning via Fusion of Multisensors and Wireless Vehicular Communications (2020)

Driver inattention is one of the leading causes of traffic crashes worldwide. Providing the driver with an early warning prior to a potential collision can significantly reduce the fatalities and level of injuries associated with vehicle collisions. In order to monitor the vehicle surroundings and predict collisions, on-board sensors such as radar, lidar, and cameras are often used. However, the driving environment perception based on these sensors can be adversely affected by a number of factors such as weather and solar irradiance. In addition, potential dangers cannot be detected if the target is located outside the limited field-of-view of the sensors, or if the line of sight to the target is occluded. In this paper, we propose an approach for designing a vehicle collision warning system based on fusion of multisensors and wireless vehicular communications. A high-level fusion of radar, lidar, camera, and wireless vehicular communication data was performed to predict the trajectories of remote targets and generate an appropriate warning to the driver prior to a possible collision. We implemented and evaluated the proposed vehicle collision system in virtual driving environments, which consisted of a vehicle-vehicle collision scenario and a vehicle-pedestrian collision scenario.
A high-level user interface management system (1989)

A high-level UIMS which automatically generates the lexical and syntactic design of graphical user interfaces is presented. The interfaces generated by the UIMS can easily and rapidly be refined by the designer by using highly interactive and graphical facilities. The UIMS accepts a high-level description of the semantic commands supported by the application, a description of the implementation device, and optionally, the end user's preferences. Based on these inputs the UIMS generates graphical user interfaces in which the commands are selected from menus and command arguments are provided through interaction with graphical interaction techniques.
The Use of Redox Mediators for Enhancing Utilization of Li<sub>2</sub>S Cathodes for Advanced Li–S Battery Systems (2014)

The development of Li2S electrodes is a crucial step toward industrial manufacturing of Li-S batteries, a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries due to their projected two times higher specific capacity. However, the high voltages needed to activate Li2S electrodes, and the consequent electrolyte solution degradation, represent the main challenge. We present a novel concept that could make feasible the widespread application of Li2S electrodes for Li-S cell assembly. In this concept, the addition of redox mediators as additives to the standard electrolyte solution allows us to recover most of Li2S theoretical capacity in the activation cycle at potentials as low as 2.9 VLi, substantially lower than the typical potentials >4 VLi needed with standard electrolyte solution. Those novel additives permit us to preserve the electrolyte solution from being degraded, allowing us to achieve capacity as high as 500 mAhg(-1)Li2S after 150 cycles with no major structural optimization of the electrodes.
cDNA Encoding a Functional Feline Liver/Bone/Kidney-Type Alkaline Phosphatase (1995)

Feline alkaline phosphatase (FeALP) was copurified with the putative 70-kDa feline leukemia virus subgroup-A (FeLV-A) receptor protein from feline T-lymphocyte cells (FeT) by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The sequence of the N-terminal 17 amino acids and five other internal tryptic peptides revealed that it is homologous to the liver/bone/kidney (L/B/K)-type alkaline phosphatase of other mammalian species. Corresponding oligonucleotides were synthesized and used for amplification of a 1.2-kb segment of the FeALP gene by polymerase chain reaction, using phage DNA from a FeT cell cDNA library as template. The 1.2-kb FeALP gene fragment generated was then used as a probe to isolate a 2127-bp L/B/K-type FeALP cDNA clone from the same library harboring a large, intact open reading frame. This cDNA possessed an open reading frame encoding a 524-amino-acid protein including a putative signal peptide of 17 amino acids followed by 14-amino-acid residues identical to the N-terminal sequence determined from the purified protein. Sequences closely related to five tryptic peptides from the purified protein were also contained within the cDNA-encoded protein. Homology with the human, bovine, rat and mouse L/B/K-type ALP was found to be 88-90% at both the nucleotide and the amino acid levels. The cDNA was transferred into a eukaryotic expression vector and expressed following transfection into murine and mink lung fibroblast cell lines. High levels of enzymatically active ALP were detected, along with a 70-kDa protein reactive in immunoblot assay using a polyclonal antibody against the original crude FeALP preparation. FeALP was specifically released from intact cells by treatment with phosphoinositol-specific phospholipase-C. By Northern blot analysis, only one species of mRNA was detected using a 32P-labeled cDNA probe. These results indicate that the 2127-bp cDNA encodes a functional feline L/B/K-type ALP expressed on cell surfaces via phosphatidylinositol-glycan linkage. Despite electrophoretic comigration in two dimensions and following deglycosylation in a third dimension, FeALP failed to function as an FeLV receptor since its expression failed to provide for attachment or entry of virus into cells.
Surface disclinations in nematic liquid crystals (1975)

It is shown that in nematic liquid crystals the disclinations which are attached to the external boundaries of the specimens can be described by a Peierls-Nabarro type model known from the theory of crystal dislocations. Mathematically, dislocations with planar cores and surface disclinations are then completely analogous if the isotropic one-constant approximation and a planar distribution of the director are assumed. Solutions are first given for disclinations in a half-cylinder of large radius and the possibility of an asymmetry in the distribution of the director on the surfaces, which may be caused by an asymmetry in the anchoring forces, is discussed. Disclinations confined to one of the surfaces of a thin nematic layer are also studied. It is shown that the boundary conditions on the other surface may introduce an asymmetry into the distribution of the director in the bulk of the specimen. This long-range asymmetry should be distinguished from the intrinsic, short range asymmetry.
Microstructural origin of giant magnetoresistance in a new sensor structure based on NiFe/Ag discontinuous multilayer thin films (1994)

The origin of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in a new sensor structure incorporating discontinuous multilayers (DML) of NiFe thin films separated by Ag interlayers is elucidated by means of x-ray diffraction, x-ray reflectivity, and cross-section transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the observed magnetoresistance, ∼4%–6% in fields on the order of 5–10 Oe at 25 °C, is associated with the breakup upon annealing of the initially dense, columnar superlattice structure into discontinuous multilayers of NiFe due to highly mobile Ag forming Ag bridges between the Ag layers. This observation supports a micromagnetic model for these structures that is based on the concept of initially large ferromagnetic domains in the as-deposited NiFe structure, exhibiting negligible GMR, breaking up into discontinuous layers, exhibiting an appreciable GMR, with antiferromagnetic ordering across the Ag interlayers.
Kusanon A Poisoning Complicated by Heinz Body Hemolytic Anemia. (2001)

A case of Kusanon A® poisoning complicated by Heinz body hemolytic anemia is reported. A 67-year-old woman ingested Kusanon A® (100ml) while attempting suicide and was admitted 2 hours later. Serum 3, 4-dichloroaniline concentration was higher 48 hours after admission, followed by methemoglobinemia peaking (24.2%) 60 hours after admission in spite of normal serum methemoglobin on admission. Although methemoglobinemia improved without administration of methylene blue, hemoglobin fell to 12.2g/dl with bite cells and erythrocytes containing Heinz bodies on hospital day 6. After the disappearance of Heinz bodies on hospital day 17, hemolytic anemia gradually improved with a high reticulocyte count and she was discharged on hospital day 40. Kusanon A® poisoning causes symptoms such as conscious disturbance, metabolic acidosis, and methemoglobinemia. Although several authors reporting Kusanon A® poisoning focused on delayed methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia has not been referred in detail. Our experience reveals the importance of hematological ex-amination to help determine hemolytic anemia in advance.