gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Application of the Trichloroacetimidate Method to the Synthesis of α-D-Gluco- and α-D-Galactopyranosides (1987)

Abstract The trichloroacetimidate method has been applied to the construction of α-d-galacto- and α-d-glucopyranosides. The readily available β-trichloroacetimidates of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-d-galacto- and glucopyranose (1-β and 3-β, respectively) have been employed in glycosidations with several monosaccharides (either A, B, C or D) under varying experimental conditions. With the galactose derivative 1-β as a donor and each of the monosaccharides A-D as acceptors, the corresponding disaccharides 1A-1D, were obtained in high yield and with good α-stereoselectivity when employing diethyl ether as solvent and either trimethylsilyl- or tert-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoro-methane sulphonate as catalyst. Glycosidations with the glucose derivative 3-β, as donor, and with the monosaccharide acceptors A, B or D, gave the corresponding disaccharides 3A, 3B and 3D, in high yield but with somewhat lower α-diastereoselectivity than observed with the galactose derivative 1-β. The stereochemical outcome of the reactions is rationalised in terms of possible reaction mechanisms.
Cross-Layer Rate and Power Adaptation Strategies for IR-HARQ Systems over Fading Channels with Memory: A SMDP-Based Approach (2008)

Incremental-redundancy hybrid automatic repeat- request (IR-HARQ) schemes are proposed in several wireless standards for increased throughput-efficiency and greater reliability. We investigate transmit power and modulation order adaptation strategies for the IR-HARQ schemes over correlated Rayleigh fading channels using semi-Markov decision process-based model. In order to jointly analyze physical layer and link layer, transmitter model incorporates a finite-size buffer that receives randomly varying traffic from a higher layer application. It is assumed that channel variations can be modeled with a first-order Markov chain. We show that the optimal transmission power and rate adaptation laws under buffering delay and packet overflow constraints can be obtained using the framework of semi-Markov decision process. We discuss three different adaptation models for the IR-HARQ schemes and compare their performances with the non-adaptive scheme. It is shown that unique optimal policy exists for each case and it can be computed using linear programming approach. This optimal policy is then applied for realistic channel fading and incoming traffic samples to evaluate its performance for both hard-decision and soft-decision decoding. Simulation results in general point out that substantial power savings can be achieved using adaptation and also if the transmission-delay requirements are relaxed.
Mechanism-Based Inhibition of Thymidylate Synthase by 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-Monophosphate (1994)

Thymidylate synthase (TS) from Lactobacillus casei is inhibited by 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (CF3dUMP). CF3dUMP binds to the active site of TS in the absence of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, and attack of the catalytic nucleophile cysteine 198 at C6 of the pyrimidine leads to activation of the trifluoromethyl group and release of fluoride ion. Subsequently, the activated heterocycle reacts with a nucleophile of the enzyme to form a moderately stable covalent complex. Proteolytic digestion of TS treated with [2'-3H]CF3dUMP, followed by sequencing of the labeled peptides, revealed that tyrosine 146 and cysteine 198 are covalently bound to the inhibitor in the enzyme-inhibitor complex. The presence of dithiothreitol (DTT) or beta-mercaptoethanol resulted in the breakdown of the covalent complex, and products from the breakdown of the complex were isolated and characterized. The three-dimensional structure of the enzyme-inhibitor complex was determined by X-ray crystallography, clearly demonstrating covalent attachment of the nucleotide to tyrosine 146. A chemical reaction mechanism for the inhibition of TS by CF3dUMP is presented that is consistent with the kinetic, biochemical, and structural results.
A green and bio-inspired process to afford durable anti-biofilm properties to stainless steel (2012)

A bio-inspired durable anti-biofilm coating was developed for industrial stainless steel (SS) surfaces. Two polymers inspired from the adhesive and cross-linking properties of mussels were designed and assembled from aqueous solutions onto SS surfaces to afford durable coatings. Trypsin, a commercially available broad spectrum serine protease, was grafted as the final active layer of the coating. Its proteolytic activity after long immersion periods was demonstrated against several substrata, viz. a synthetic molecule, N-α-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide hydrochloride (BAPNA), a protein, FTC-casein, and Gram-positive biofilm forming bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis.
An Open GNSS Receiver Platform Architecture (2004)

In this article we present the concept of a FPGA-based GPS receiver architecture with the aim of providing a framework for investigating new receiver architectures for current and upcoming GNSS standards. This development system facilitates researchers to prove new receiver concepts using real signals, which nowadays can only be simulated using tools such as Matlab. One will be able to work with the satellites as soon as they are operational, rather than having to wait for the availability of commercial products. The system allows individual development of signal processing solutions for base-band processing. A soft-core processor implements higher layer services that provide data to the user.
Using Social Data for Personalizing Review Rankings (2014)

Almost all users look at online ratings and reviews before buying a product, visiting a business, or using a service. These reviews are independent, authored by other users, and thus may convey useful information to the end user. Reviews usually have an overall rating, but most of the times there are sub-texts in the review body that describe certain features/aspects of the product. The majority of web sites rank these reviews either by date, or by overall “helpfulness”. However, different users look for different qualities in a product/business/service. In this work, we try to address this problem by proposing a system that creates personalized rankings of these reviews, tailored to each individual user. We discuss how social data, ratings, and reviews can be combined to create this personalized experience. We present our work-in-progress using the Yelp Challenge dataset and discuss some first findings regarding implementation and scalability.
Post-Harvest Degradation of Carotenoid Glucose Esters in Saffron (1994)

It has been found that an indoor cultivation system of Crocus sativus L. is more favorable with regard to the quality of saffron, as compared to the usual cultivation in an open field. Carotenoid glucose esters increase from the period before blooming and reach the maximum in the full blooming period, and are sensitive for the presence of oxygen, light irradiation, and β-glucosidase. Moreover, it is evident that storage of saffron at -20°C promotes the constant supply of saffron with a homogeneous pharmacological activity.
Blood flow changes in permanent maxillary canines during retraction (1994)

The influence of external load on the blood flow of permanent maxillary canine teeth was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Blood flow readings were obtained from 10 maxillary canines and compared with the contralateral teeth simultaneously. Readings were obtained from the teeth before, during, and after the application of a 50 g force (gf) which was applied using a removable appliance. The probe for LDF measurement was held in place by a splint constructed of a silicone impression material designed to allow movement of the tooth, but prevent instability of the probe. LDF demonstrated a reading from the canine teeth consistent with recordings of blood flow, i.e. the traces were similar to the pulsatile nature of pulse pressure recordings taken from the subjects' ear-lobes. After loading the effect on the canine was (1) a decrease in blood flow as measured with LDF followed by (2) an increase in flow after 32.3 minutes (SD 4.74). These changes were statistically significant (P < 0.05) using Student's t-test. The increase in blood flow was still present after 24 and 48 hours, but returned to preload values within 72 hours. In two cases it was found that the decrease in blood flow remained as long as the load was applied. The response appeared similar to reactive hyperaemia found following placement of a tourniquet. However, the response time was substantially longer for the hyperaemic phase.
Untersuchungen über das Ausscheidungs- und Aushärtungsverhalten übersättigter Kupfer-Titan-Mischkristalle (1962)

Article Untersuchungen über das Ausscheidungs- und Aushärtungsverhalten übersättigter Kupfer-Titan-Mischkristalle was published on March 1, 1962 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 53, issue 3).
Women have increased rates of cartilage loss and progression of cartilage defects at the knee than men (2009)

The female predisposition toward knee OA may, at least in part, be due to gender differences in cartilage health, even before the onset of clinical knee disease. Understanding the mechanism for these gender differences may provide a means to reduce the risk of knee OA in women.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Hybrid Dicaffeoyltartaric/Diketo Acid and Tetrazole-Substituted<scp>l</scp>-Chicoric Acid Analogue Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase (2010)

Fourteen analogues of the anti-HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitor L-chicoric acid (L-CA) were prepared. Their IC(50) values for 3'-end processing and strand transfer against recombinant HIV-1 IN were determined in vitro, and their cell toxicities and EC(50) against HIV-1 were measured in cells (ex vivo). Compounds 1-6 are catechol/β-diketoacid hybrids, the majority of which exhibit submicromolar potency against 3'-end processing and strand transfer, though only with modest antiviral activities. Compounds 7-10 are L-CA/p-fluorobenzylpyrroloyl hybrids, several of which were more potent against strand transfer than 3'-end processing, a phenomenon previously attributed to the β-diketo acid pharmacophore. Compounds 11-14 are tetrazole bioisosteres of L-CA and its analogues, whose in vitro potencies were comparable to L-CA but with enhanced antiviral potency. The trihydroxyphenyl analogue 14 was 30-fold more potent than L-CA at relatively nontoxic concentrations. These data indicate that L-CA analogues are attractive candidates for development into clinically relevant inhibitors of HIV-1 IN.
<title>Carbon nanotube sensors</title> (2002)

Measurement represents one of the oldest methods used by human beings to better understand and control the world. Many measurement systems are primarily physical sensors, which measure time, temperature, weight, distance, and various other physical parameters. The need for cheaper, faster, and more accurate meansurements has been a driving force for the development of new systems and technologies for measurements of materials, both chemical and biological. In fact, chemical and biological sensors (or biosensors) are the evolved products of physical measurement technologies. Chemical sensors are measurement devices that convert a chemical or physical change of a specific analyte into a measurable signal, whose magnitude is normally proportional to the concentration of the analyte. On the other hand, biosensors are a subset of chemical sensors that employ a biological sensing element connected to a transducer to recognize the physiochemical change and to produce the measurable signal from particular analytes, which are not necessary to be biological materials themselves, although sometimes they are. Depending on the basis of the transduction principle, chemical and biological sensors can be classified into three major classes with different transducers: sensors with electrical transducers, sensors with optical transducers, and sensors with other transducers (e.g. mass change). The unique properties of carbon nanotubes have led to their use in areas as diverse as sensors, actuators, field-emitting flat panel displays, energy and gas storages (Dai and Mau, 2001). As we shall see below, the principles for carbon nanotube sensors to detect the nature of gases and to determine their concentrations are based on change in electrical properties induced by charge transfer with the gas molecules (e.g. O<SUB>2</SUB>, H<SUB>2</SUB>, CO<SUB>2</SUB>) or in mass due to physical adsorption. This article provides a status report on the research and development of carbon nanotube sensors.
Prospects for Strong Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Superconducting Circuits (2003)

We propose a realizable architecture using one-dimensional transmission line resonators to reach the strong coupling limit of cavity quantum electrodynamics in superconducting electrical circuits. The vacuum Rabi frequency for the coupling of cavity photons to quantized excitations of an adjacent electrical circuit (qubit) can easily exceed the damping rates of both the cavity and the qubit. This architecture is attractive for quantum computing and control, since it provides strong inhibition of spontaneous emission, potentially leading to greatly enhanced qubit lifetimes, allows high-fidelity quantum non-demolition measurements of the state of multiple qubits, and has a natural mechanism for entanglement of qubits separated by centimeter distances. In addition it would allow production of microwave photon states of fundamental importance for quantum communication.
A comparative study of some electromagnetically integrated structures in hybrid technology (2002)

A research program into the electromagnetic integration of power electronics is evaluated to date. The integration is approached from an energy processing point of view, and the structures developed are predominantly planar in nature. The materials technology developed in order to construct integrated structures is discussed. A number of prototypes that were constructed are presented and discussed. The prototypes vary from the integration of a few reactive components to fully-integrated power converters.
Growth Inhibitory Effects of Flavonoids in Human Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines (1999)

Previous studies have indicated that flavonoids exhibit antiproliferative properties on some hormone-dependent cancer cell lines, such as breast and prostate cancer. In the present study, the effects of some selected flavonoids, genistein, apigenin, luteolin, chrysin, kaempferol, and biochanin A on human thyroid carcinoma cell lines, UCLA NPA-87-1 (NPA) (papillary carcinoma), UCLA RO-82W-1 (WRO) (follicular carcinoma), and UCLA RO-81A-1 (ARO) (anaplastic carcinoma) have been examined. Among the flavonoids tested, apigenin and luteolin are the most potent inhibitors of these cell lines with IC50 (concentration at which cell proliferation was inhibited by 50%) values ranging from 21.7 microM to 32.1 microM. The cells were viable at these concentrations. Using NPA cells known to be estrogen receptor positive (ER+), it was shown that no significant [3H]-E2 displacement occurred with these flavonoids at the IC50 concentration. In WRO cells that are known to have an antiestrogen binding site (AEBS), biochanin A caused a stronger inhibitory growth effect (IC50 = 64.1 microM) than in NPA and ARO cells. In addition, it was observed that biochanin A has an appreciable binding affinity for the AEBS as indicated by the displacement of [3H]-tamoxifen from the WRO cells. In summary, flavonoids have potent antiproliferative activity in vitro against various human thyroid cancer cell lines. The inhibitory activity of certain flavonoid compounds may be mediated via the AEBS and/or type II EBS. The observation that ARO cells that lack both the AEBS and the ER are effectively inhibited by apigenin and luteolin suggest that other mechanisms of action are operative as well. The present study suggests that flavonoids may represent a new class of therapeutic agents in the management of thyroid cancer.
Automated identification of relevant patient information in a physician's workstation. (1993)

The introduction of computer-based patient records offers an opportunity to improve the ability of physicians to browse the medical record and to monitor patient events. We describe a methodology to identify relevant information in the patient record. This methodology combines a patient-specific physiological model with functions to determine relevance of patient information. The model consists of a qualitative representation of physiological parameters and influences, custom-tailored to a particular patient's problems, medications, and test results. We describe two applications of this model in the context of an integrated physician's workstation: automatic linking of relevant patient information for configuration of user-interface displays, and monitoring of patient events to prevent oversight of noteworthy information.
Prostaglandin Analogues and Mouse Intraocular Pressure: Effects of Tafluprost, Latanoprost, Travoprost, and Unoprostone, Considering 24-Hour Variation (2005)

The 24-hour variation in mouse eyes should be taken into consideration when evaluating the reduction of IOP. The mouse model was found to be useful in evaluating the pharmacological response to PG analogues. A newly developed FP agonist, 0.005% tafluprost, lowered normal mouse IOP more effectively than did 0.005% latanoprost.
Mapping studies of the distal imprinting region of mouse Chromosome 2 (1994)

The known limits of the distal imprinting region of mouse Chromosome (Chr) 2 are defined by the breakpoints of the translocations T(2;8)2Wa, (T2Wa), and T(2;16)28H, (T28H), in distal H3, and proximal H4 respectively. We have shown that T2Wa and T(2;4)1Go, (T1Go), which has a breakpoint in central H3 map close to a, non-agouti. Ada, adenosine deaminase, lies very near the proximal boundary and Ra, ragged, maps very close to the distal boundary, and is less than 0.2 cM from wasted, wst. From the current data Ada can be taken as the proximal, and Ra as the distal gene marker of the imprinting region on the linkage map. From consensus maps twenty three other markers, including fourteen genes, lie between Ada and Ra, some of which may be useful in investigations of imprinting. Of the markers included in the study reported here, four, Ada, ls, lethal spotting, Ra and wst lie or probably lie within the region but none display any evidence of imprinting. We suggest that recombination frequency is elevated in distal Chr 2, because in none of the crosses could the most closely linked marker be ordered in relation to the translocation breakpoint due to the high frequency of double crossovers.
Utilization of micro fines in iron and steel making process (2016)

A huge quantity of iron oxides fines (60 % of ore) are generated in mines area and in different units of steel plants. Coarser sizes of these are used in sinter plant. However in sintering, there is some restriction of using micro fines. It is possible to use in pelletization, but pelletization is a cost intensive process due to its high temperature curing. In present scenario a considerable part of microfines is still unused and termed as solid wastes. Utilization of these fines are very important and becoming mandatory to preserve the natural resources and reducing the disposal cost. This paper mainly focuses on the recent developmental work at CSIR-NML towards the improvement of micro-fines utilization in iron and steel making such as, development of binder less CO2 treated fluxed pellet, development of micropellets, coke breeze free sintering and development of carbon composite micropellets. Binder less CO2treated fluxed pellet may be used as synthetic flux material for better and faster refining of hot metal. Iron oxide micropellets can be used in sintering. High fluxed sinter produced from waste micro fines may be used as flux in refining. Carbon composite micropellet has been developed for improving the utilization of iron oxide and carbon bearing microfines in sinter bed.
Synthesis of Nucleosides Fluorinated in the Sugar Moiety. The Application of Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride to the Synthesis of Fluorinated Nucleosides (1989)

. A survey is given of the different methods that have been usea for the synthesis of nucleosides fluorinated in the carbohydrate moiety. In this article we describe the use of diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) as a fluorinating agent in the nucleoside field. © 1989, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
The herpes simplex virus type I DNA polymerase (1988)

Polyclonal antibodies responding specifically to the N-terminal, central and C-terminal polypeptide domains of the herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) DNA polymerase of strain Angelotti were generated. Each of the five different rabbit antisera reacted specifically with a viral 132 +/- 5-kDa polypeptide as shown by immunoblot analysis. Enzyme binding and inhibition studies revealed that antibodies raised to the central and the C-terminal domains of the protein inhibited the polymerizing activity by 70-90%, respectively, which is well in line with the proposed site of the catalytic center of the enzyme and with the possible involvement of these polypeptide chains in DNA-protein interactions. In agreement with this, antibodies directed towards the N-terminal domain bound to the enzyme without effecting the enzymatic activity. The strong binding but low inhibitory properties of antibodies directed to the polypeptide region between residues 1072 and 1146 confirms previous suggestions that these C-terminal sequences, which share no homology to the Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase, are less likely involved in the building of the polymerase catalytic site. Antibodies, raised to the very C terminus of the polymerase (EX3), were successfully used to identify a single 132 +/- 5-kDa polypeptide, which coeluted with the HSV DNA polymerase activity during DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and were further shown to precipitate a major viral polypeptide of identical size. From the presented data it can be concluded that the native enzyme consists of a single polypeptide with a size predicted from the long open reading frame of the HSV-1 DNA polymerase gene.
A versatile internal control for use as DNA in real-time PCR and as RNA in real-time reverse transcription PCR assays (2010)

The frequency of false negatives associated with qPCR analyses is prevalent in certain matrices, particularly those involving complex foods. Hence, the IAC presented here provides a solution to unforeseen false-negative reactions in PCR.