gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overpressure generation by load transfer following shale framework weakening due to smectite diagenesis (2011)

Abstract Basin model studies which have addressed the importance of smectite conversion to illite as a source of overpressure in the Gulf of Mexico have principally relied on a single‐shale compaction model and treated the smectite reaction as only a fluid‐source term. Recent fluid pressure interpretation and shale petrology studies indicate that conversion of bound water to mobile water, dissolution of load‐bearing grains, and increased preferred orientation change the compaction properties of the shale. This results in substantial changes in effective stress and fluid pressure. The resulting fluid pressure can be 1500–3000 psi higher than pressures interpreted from models based on shallow compaction trends. Shale diagenesis changes the mineralogy, volume, and orientation of the load‐bearing grains in the shale as well as the volume of bound water. This process creates a weaker (more compactable) grain framework. When these changes occur without fluid export from the shale, some of the stress is transferred from the grains onto the fluid. Observed relationships between shale density and calculated effective stress in Gulf of Mexico shelf wells confirm these changes in shale properties with depth. Further, the density–effective stress changes cannot be explained by fluid‐expansion or fluid‐source processes or by prediagenesis compaction, but are consistent with a dynamic diagenetic modification of the shale mineralogy, texture, and compaction properties during burial. These findings support the incorporation of diagenetic modification of compaction properties as part of the fluid pressure interpretation process.
Une nouvelle tombe du haut moyen âge à Chevilly, Grésy-sur-Aix, Savoie (1972)

Nous avons décrit une tombe à dalles trouvée au lieu dit Chevilly, sur la commune de Grésy-sur-Aix (Savoie) et nous avons essayé d'en tirer le maximum d'enseignements d'ordre sédimentologique, archéologique, historique, anthropologique et paléopathologique. Nous fondant essentiellement sur la garniture à damasquinure d'argent et de laiton dont nous datons la fabrication un peu avant 700 ap. J.-C., nous croyons pouvoir placer le moment de l'inhumation plusieurs années après 700. L'analyse du squelette nous a permis d'en faire un représentant typique de la population de l'ancien royaume burgonde, avec ses traits nordiques atténués. Quelques manifestations pathologiques, surtout dans la moitié proximale des humérus, méritent d'être mentionnées. Nous espérons avoir démontré combien il serait intéressant de pouvoir appliquer ce même genre d'étude à de nouvelles tombes voisines. Par les nouveaux indices archéologiques qu'elles ne manqueraient pas de livrer à une fouille exigeante, elles permettraient de préciser l'histoire de l'occupation de ce coin de terre ; par les squelettes qu'elles offriraient à l'anthropologiste, elles ouvriraient des aperçus utiles sur la composition raciale et démographique et l'état de santé de la population du haut moyen âge de Grésy-en-Genevois et de la Région savoyarde.
Doubly Corrugated Chokes For Microwave Heating Systems<sup>*</sup> (1973)

The use of doubly corrugated reactive chokes to reduce leakage from micro-wave systems for heating continuous webs is examined. It is demonstrated that such chokes provide substantial leakage reduction in a compact geometry, which allows ready access to the web.
Cushing’s syndrome: an update on current pharmacotherapy and future directions (2015)

The number of medical treatment options for CS has increased in the past years. In contrast to decades ago, prospective trials are now being performed focusing on pituitary-directed drugs like pasireotide, the glucocorticoid receptor blocker mifepristone and 'new generation' steroid synthesis inhibitors. Future studies will focus on tumor-shrinking effects of neuromodulatory drugs, the optimal order and combination of pharmacotherapy, long-term efficacy and safety and new targets for medical treatment of CS.
Expert Testimony on Eyewitness Perception (1978)

in which a police officer positively identified one of the two men sitting
Cross-Talk between Estrogen Receptor and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2009)

ER alpha and ER beta were expressed in HNSCC, and stimulation with estrogen receptor ligands resulted in both cytoplasmic signal transduction and transcriptional activation. Estrogen receptor and EGFR cross-talk was observed. Collectively, these studies indicate that estrogen receptor and EGFR together may contribute to HNSCC development and disease progression.
Characterizing application scheduling on edge, fog, and cloud computing resources (2019)

Summary Cloud computing has grown to become a popular distributed computing service offered by commercial providers. More recently, edge and fog computing resources have emerged on the wide‐area network as part of Internet of things (IoT) deployments. These three resource abstraction layers are complementary, and offer distinctive benefits. Scheduling applications on clouds has been an active area of research, with workflow and data flow models offering a flexible abstraction to specify applications for execution. However, the application programming and scheduling models for edge and fog are still maturing, and can benefit from learnings on cloud resources. At the same time, there is also value in using these resources cohesively for application execution. In this article, we offer a taxonomy of concepts essential for specifying and solving the problem of scheduling applications on edge, fog, and cloud computing resources. We first characterize the resource capabilities and limitations of these infrastructure and offer a taxonomy of application models, quality‐of‐service constraints and goals, and scheduling techniques, based on a literature review. We also tabulate key research prototypes and papers using this taxonomy. This survey benefits developers and researchers on these distributed resources in designing and categorizing their applications, selecting the relevant computing abstraction(s), and developing or selecting the appropriate scheduling algorithm. It also highlights gaps in literature where open problems remain.
Persistent neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in a rat model of acute diisopropylfluorophosphate intoxication (2016)

We describe a preclinical model in which acute DFP intoxication causes seizures, persistent neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and memory impairment. The extent of the neuroinflammatory response is influenced by seizure severity. However, the observation that a subset of animals with moderate seizures and minimal TSPO labeling exhibited cognitive deficits comparable to those of animals with severe seizures and significant TSPO labeling suggests that DFP may impair learning and memory circuitry via mechanisms independent of seizures or neuroinflammation.
Photonic Multiple-Access Networks: Topologies (1989)

Lightwave technology is well-established for long-haul and point-to-point applications. Current research is aimed at extending these techniques to multiple-access computer networks and to the distribution plant. We are exploring the opportunities for interconnecting many users (more than 100) at high data rates (greater than 1 Gb/s) and the need for novel optoelectronic components to realize these photonic networks of the future. In this paper, we focus on how photonic components constrain topologies, while a companion paper <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> focuses on their effect on routing and multiplexing.
Hybrid Perovskite Resulting from the Solid-State Reaction between the Organic Cations and Perovskite Layers of α1-(Br-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>PbI<sub>4</sub> (2007)

The alpha1-(Br-(CH(2))(2)-NH(3))(2)PbI(4) hybrid perovskite undergoes a solid-state transformation, that is, the reaction between the organic cations and the perovskite layers to give the new hybrid perovskite (Br-(CH(2))(2)-NH(3))(2-x)(I-(CH(2))(2)-NH(3))(x)PbBr(x)I(4-x), based on mixed halide inorganic layers. This transformation has been followed by a conventional powder X-ray diffraction system equipped with a super speed detector, and both solid-state (13)C NMR and ESI/MS measurements have been adopted in the estimation of the rate of halide substitution. The first reaction step leads to the special composition of x approximately 1 (A phase), while the complete substitution is not achieved even at elevated temperature (x(max) approximately 1.85 (B phase)). This unprecedented solid-state reaction between organic and inorganic components of a hybrid perovskite can be considered as a completely new strategy to achieve interesting hybrid perovskites.
The theoretical basis of cancer‐stem‐cell‐based therapeutics of cancer: can it be put into practice? (2007)

In spite of the advances in our knowledge of cancer biology, most cancers remain not curable with present therapies. Current treatments consider cancer as resulting from uncontrolled proliferation and are non-specific. Although they can reduce tumour burden, relapse occurs in most cases. This was long attributed to incomplete tumour elimination, but recent developments indicate that different types of cells contribute to the tumour structure, and that the tumour's cellular organization would be analogous to that of a normal tissue, with a main mass of differentiating cells sensitive to anti proliferative agents, together with a small percentage of quiescent, resistant stem cells responsible for replenishing the tumour: the Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). Anti-CSCs targeted therapeutic agents would prevent tumour regeneration. New mouse models tailored to exploit this novel concept will be critical to develop CSC-based anti-cancer therapies. Here we review the biological basis and the therapeutic implications of the stem-cell model of cancer.
Cellular orientation on micro-patterned biocompatible PHBV film (2010)

Cellular orientation control is important for tissue regeneration. Design of oriented structures for cells with suitable features can be used in tissue engineering. One of the methods of cellular orientation with the aim of regenerating which damaged tissues is utilizing oriented biocompatible substrates. Different methods can be used to design these structures such as utilizing magnetic fields, electrospinned oriented fibers or methods such as directional solidification. This paper investigates the influence of grooved substrate-mediated physical guidance on the growth and alignment of cells in vitro. A novel technique was developed to fabricate microgrooves on biodegradable polymer substrates made of poly hydroxyl buthyratevalerate. Solvent-castings were used to transfer micro patterns from quartz and silicon substrates onto biodegradable polymer films. The cells were successfully oriented on micro grooved polymeric substrate which can be used for axon guidance and nerve regeneration.
Oil film thickness measurement using airborne laser-induced water Raman backscatter (1980)

The use of laser-induced water Raman backscatter for remote thin oil film detection and thickness measurement is reported here for the first time. A 337.1-nm nitrogen laser was used to excite the 3400-cm(-1) OH stretch band of natural ocean water beneath the oil slick from an altitude of 150 m. The signal strength of the 381-nm water Raman backscatter was always observed to depress when the oil was encountered and then return to its original undepressed value after complete aircraft traversal of the floating slick. After removal of background and oil fluorescence contributions, the ratio of the depressed-to-undepressed airborne water Raman signal intensities, together with laboratory measured oil extinction coefficients, is used to calculate the oil film thickness.
Arsenic toxicity is enzyme specific and its affects on ligation are not caused by the direct inhibition of DNA repair enzymes (1998)

The molecular mechanism of arsenic toxicity is believed to be due to the ability of arsenite [As(III)] to bind protein thiols. Numerous studies have shown that arsenic is cytotoxic at micromolar concentrations. Micromolar As can also induce chromosomal damage and inhibit DNA repair. The mechanism of arsenic-induced genotoxicity is very important because arsenic is a human carcinogen, but not a mutagen, and there is a need to establish recommendations for safe levels of As in the environment. We have measured the dose–response for arsenic inhibition of several purified human DNA repair enzymes, including DNA polymerase β, DNA ligase I and DNA ligase III and have found that most enzymes, even those with critical SH groups, are very insensitive to As. Many repair enzymes are activated by millimolar concentrations of As(III) and/or As(V). Only pyruvate dehydrogenase, one of eight purified enzymes examined so far, is inhibited by micromolar arsenic. In contrast to the purified enzymes, treatment of human cells in culture with micromolar arsenic produces a significant dose-dependent decrease in DNA ligase activity in nuclear extracts from the treated cells. However, the ligase activity in extracts from untreated cells is no more sensitive to arsenic than the purified enzymes. Our results show that direct enzyme inhibition is not a common toxic effect of As and that only a few sensitive enzymes are responsible for arsenic-induced cellular toxicity. Thus, arsenic-induced co-mutagenesis and inhibition of DNA repair is probably not the result of direct enzyme inhibition, but may be an indirect effect caused by As-induced changes in cellular redox levels or alterations in signal transduction pathways and consequent changes in gene expression.
Mispronunciation detection without nonnative training data (2015)

Conventional mispronunciation detection systems that have the capability of providing corrective feedback typically require a set of common error patterns that are known beforehand, obtained either by consulting with experts, or from a humanannotated nonnative corpus. In this paper, we propose a mispronunciation detection framework that does not rely on nonnative training data. We first discover an individual learner’s possible pronunciation error patterns by analyzing the acoustic similarities across their utterances. With the discovered error candidates, we iteratively compute forced alignments and decode learner-specific context-dependent error patterns in a greedy manner. We evaluate the framework on a Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) corpus containing both Cantonese and Mandarin speakers reading English. Experimental results show that the proposed framework effectively detects mispronunciations and also has a good ability to prioritize feedback. Index Terms: Computer-Assisted Pronunciation Training (CAPT), Gaussian mixture model (GMM), Extended Recognition Network (ERN)
Nondestructive Determination of Sugar Content in Satsuma Mandarin using Near Infrared (NIR) Transmittance. (1993)

A commercially available Near Infrared (NIR) instrument was modified and fitted with fiber optics to measure NIR transmittance spectra in intact fruits. With this modification the potential of the NIR transmittance method to determine the Brix value in satsuma mandarin was examined. To reduce the fruit size effect which affected the NIR spectra, the 2nd derivative spectra were normalized by being divided by 2nd derivative value at 844 nm, which had a high correlation to the diameter of the fruit. Using 50 selected samples, multiple regression analysis was carried out to relate the Brix value to the normalized 2nd derivative spectra. The highest multiple correlation coefficient was 0.989 with a standard error of calibration (SEC) of 0.28 °Brix. The bias-corrected standard error of prediction (SEP) was 0.32 °Brix with a bias of -0.02°Brix. It is concluded that the NIR transmittance method yields an accurate estimate of the Brix value in intact satsuma mandrins.
Acoustic micromixer for enhancement of DNA biochip systems (2003)

Microfluidics is emerging as one of the fastest growing segments of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technologies due to its potential applications in biotechnology, chemical microreactors, and drug discovery. Micromixing is one of the most challenging problems in microfluidic systems, since it is a diffusion-limited process and can be very inefficient. A micromixing device based on an acoustic microstreaming principle is developed to enhance micromixing. The micromixer uses air bubbles as actuators that can be set into vibration by a sound field. The vibration of the air bubbles generates steady circulatory flows, resulting in global convection flows and thus rapid mixing. The time to fully mix dyed solutions in a 50-μL shallow chamber using acoustic microstreaming is significantly reduced from hours (a pure diffusion-based mixing) to 6 s. We demonstrate the use of this micromixer to enhance the performance of conventional DNA microarray biochips that often suffer from lengthy hybridization and poor signal uniformity due to a diffusion-limited hybridization process. Experiments showed that the acoustic micromixer results in five-fold hybridization signal enhancement with significantly improved signal uniformity, as compared to conventional diffusion-based biochips. Acoustic microstreaming has many advantages over most existing micromixing techniques, including a simple apparatus, ease of implementation, low power consumption (∼ 2 mW), and low cost.
Linearization of the frequency sweep of a frequency-modulated continuous-wave semiconductor laser radar and the resulting ranging performance (1999)

The performance of a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) semiconductor laser radar has been examined. Frequency modulation (linear chirp) has been studied experimentally in detail. To create a linear frequency sweep, we modified the modulating function according to the measured frequency response of the laser, using an arbitrary function generator. The measurements indicate the possibility of achieving a spectral width of the signal peak that is transform limited rather than limited by the frequency modulation response of the laser, which permits the use of a narrow detection bandwidth. The narrow width results in a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio for low output power and thus also in relatively long-range and high-range accuracy. We have performed measurements of a diffuse target to determine the performance of a test laser radar system. The maximum range, range accuracy, and speed accuracy for a semiconductor laser with an output power of 10 mW and a linewidth of 400 kHz are presented. The influence of the laser's output power and coherence length on the performance of a semiconductor-laser-based FMCW laser radar is discussed.
Map-Enhanced Ego-Lane Detection in the Missing Feature Scenarios (2020)

As one of the most important tasks in autonomous driving systems, ego-lane detection has been extensively studied and has achieved impressive results in many scenarios. However, ego-lane detection in the missing feature scenarios is still an unsolved problem. To address this problem, previous methods have been devoted to proposing more complicated feature extraction algorithms, but they are very time-consuming and cannot deal with extreme scenarios. Different from others, this paper exploits prior knowledge contained in digital maps, which has a strong capability to enhance the performance of detection algorithms. Specifically, we employ the road shape extracted from OpenStreetMap as lane model, which is highly consistent with the real lane shape and irrelevant to lane features. In this way, only a few lane features are needed to eliminate the position error between the road shape and the real lane, and a search-based optimization algorithm is proposed. Experiments show that the proposed method can be applied to various scenarios and can run in real-time at a frequency of 20 Hz. At the same time, we evaluated the proposed method on the public KITTI Lane dataset where it achieves state-of-the-art performance. Moreover, our code will be open source after publication.
Isolation and characterization of C-reactive protein (CRP) cDNA and genomic DNA from Xenopus laevis. A species representing an intermediate stage in CRP evolution. (1993)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a prototypic acute phase protein in human and rabbit. Although it is structurally and functionally conserved from invertebrate to human, there are species-specific differences in patterns of expression and putative function. To further investigate the biological significance, regulation, and evolution of CRP, we isolated Xenopus CRP and subsequently derived and sequenced corresponding cDNA and the genomic clones. The structure and expression of Xenopus CRP were also compared to those of the other CRPs. Analyses of the amino acid sequence and the nucleotide sequence reveal that the mature Xenopus CRP is a 222-amino acid protein preceded by a 16-residue signal peptide. During development, Xenopus CRP is expressed, only when the liver appears, and therefore is not likely to play a role in early embryonic development. Compared to other species, Xenopus CRP is present at an intermediate low level of < 1 microgram/ml in the normal serum. Unlike human and rabbit CRP, Xenopus CRP is not induced by turpentine or heatshock treatment. The heatshock consensus sequence (Woo, P., Korenberg, J. R., and Whitehead, A. S. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 4136-4142) are not present in the Xenopus CRP gene. It is suggested that Xenopus CRP represents a transitional period in CRP evolution when host defenses switched from primitive innate immunity to a much more complex immune system. The constitutive functions of CRP gradually became less essential as the result of the development of a complex immune system.
Crystal structures of ternary complexes of archaeal B-family DNA polymerases (2017)

Archaeal B-family polymerases drive biotechnology by accepting a wide substrate range of chemically modified nucleotides. By now no structural data for archaeal B-family DNA polymerases in a closed, ternary complex are available, which would be the basis for developing next generation nucleotides. We present the ternary crystal structures of KOD and 9°N DNA polymerases complexed with DNA and the incoming dATP. The structures reveal a third metal ion in the active site, which was so far only observed for the eukaryotic B-family DNA polymerase δ and no other B-family DNA polymerase. The structures reveal a wide inner channel and numerous interactions with the template strand that provide space for modifications within the enzyme and may account for the high processivity, respectively. The crystal structures provide insights into the superiority over other DNA polymerases concerning the acceptance of modified nucleotides.