gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The urinary microbiome associated with bladder cancer (2018)

Recent findings suggest that human microbiome can influence the development of cancer, but the role of microorganisms in bladder cancer pathogenesis has not been explored yet. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the urinary microbiome of bladder cancer patients with those of healthy controls. Bacterial communities present in urine specimens collected from 12 male patients diagnosed with bladder cancer, and from 11 healthy, age-matched individuals were analysed using 16S sequencing. Our results show that the most abundant phylum in both groups was Firmicutes, followed by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. While microbial diversity and overall microbiome composition were not significantly different between groups, we could identify operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were more abundant in either group. Among those that were significantly enriched in the bladder cancer group, we identified an OTU belonging to genus Fusobacterium, a possible protumorigenic pathogen. In an independent sample of 42 bladder cancer tissues, 11 had Fusobacterium nucleatum sequences detected by PCR. Three OTUs from genera Veillonella, Streptococcus and Corynebacterium were more abundant in healthy urines. However, due to the limited number of participants additional studies are needed to determine if urinary microbiome is associated with bladder cancer.
Low-Dose Dual KVP Switching Using A Static Coded Aperture (2021)

This paper introduces a single-scan dual-energy coded aperture computed tomography system that enables material characterization at a reduced exposure level. Rapid kVp switching with a single-static block/unblock coded aperture relies on coded illumination with a plurality of X-ray spectra created by the kVp switching. Based on the tensor representation of the projection data, an algorithm to estimate the missing measurements in the tensor is proposed. This results in a full set of synthesized measurements that can be used with filtered back-projection or iterative reconstruction algorithms to accurately reconstruct the object in each energy channel. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed cost-effective solution to attain material characterization in low-dose dual-energy CT.
The Use of Gallium Nitride as a Scintillator in a Fast Neutron Spectrometer (2019)

The use of Gallium Nitride (GaN) for a fast neutron spectrometer via elastic recoil induced scintillation is discussed. As a direct band gap semiconductor, GaN provides high radiative efficiency and high photon yield per deposited unit of energy, both desirable features for a scintillator. Additionally, when correctly doped, GaN exhibits both increased emission, and decreased self-absorption of emitted photons. This work presents initial experiments and modeling which explore the use of GaN as a novel scintillator material for use in a fast neutron spectrometer. These experiments include exposure to neutron, energetic ion, beta, and photon radiations with supplemental computational work explaining observed instrument performance.
Snapshot Imaging Polarimeters Using Spatial Modulation (2008)

The recent demonstration of a novel snapshot imaging polarimeter using the fringe modulation technique shows a promise in building a compact and moving-parts-free device. As just demonstrated in principle, this technique has not been adequately studied. In the effort of advancing this technique, we build a complete theory framework that can address the key issues regarding the polarization aberrations caused by using the functional elements. With this model, we can have the necessary knowledge in designing, analyzing and optimizing the systems. Also, we propose a broader technique that uses arbitrary modulation instead of sinusoidal fringes, which can give us more engineering freedom and can be the solution of achromatizing the system. In the hardware aspect, several important progresses are made. We extend the polarimeter technique from visible to middle wavelength infrared by using the yttrium vanadate crystals. Also, we incorporate a Savart Plate polarimter into a fundus camera to measure the human eye's retinal retardance, useful information for glaucoma diagnosis. Thirdly, a world-smallest imaging polarimeter is proposed and demonstrated, which may open many applications in security, remote sensing and bioscience.
PSTN VoIP Application Support System Design using mobile Short Message Service (SMS): Case Study of PSTN VoIP Missed Call Notification to mobile phone by SMS (2011)

PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) has been generally known for its reliable communication method, although it has so many limitations as compared with mobile telephony, such as lack of mobility, limited features of PSTN terminal or CPE (Customer Premise Equipment), and almost all PSTN services are voice-based only (except Telkom-SMS which was not very succeed). Although PSTN service was gradually replaced by mobile phone, its existence is still needed especially for business users or as secondary option after mobile phone for personal or residential users. This paper gives new ideas to cope PSTN services limitations above by integrating PSTN with mobile Short Message Service (SMS), hence PSTN users can control (i.e. get notifications, register PSTN services, and check billing) its PSTN number easily through their mobile phone (which previously has been joint with its PSTN number) using SMS. In this paper, we limit our project's scope to a service that can give real-time SMS notifications to PSTN subscriber's mobile phone if there is a missed call activity to its PSTN number. This idea can be very useful for both PSTN operators and subscribers. For operators, this add-on service can be used as a customer retention program, and for subscribers, this service can make sure that they can still monitor incoming call to their PSTN number even nobody picks up the phone in real time. In this research, Asterisk, an open-source-based Softswitch, is used as call control for PSTN hence we can get the signalling message of all call session activity from there. Our proposed system will capture signalling packet related with missed call activity packet (named 486-Busy Here), parsed the packet by our novel algorithm, and then matched it with Call Detail Record (CDR), the PSTN number with its pair mobile phone number registered, if exist. The output of the algorithm then will be forwarded to Gammu, an open-source-based SMS Gateway, and with specific modification there, it will send SMS with certain format to subscriber mobile phone, informing that there was somebody tried to reach its PSTN number.
The<i>yicM</i>(<i>nepI</i>) gene of<i>Escherichia coli</i>encodes a major facilitator superfamily protein involved in efflux of purine ribonucleosides (2005)

The yicM gene of Escherichia coli was found by selection for resistance to 6-mercaptopurine. Translation and transcription initiation sites of yicM were determined. Overexpression of yicM increased resistance of sensitive cells to inosine and guanosine, decreased E. coli growth rate in medium containing these ribonucleosides as the sole carbon source, led to inosine accumulation by the E. coli strain deficient in purine nucleoside phosphorylase and enhanced the rate of inosine excretion by an inosine-producing strain. These results suggest that yicM encodes a purine ribonucleoside exporter and we have accordingly renamed it nepI (for 'nucleoside efflux permease-inosine').
Dual SCR chopper as a motor controller for an electric car (1971)

Despite recent advances in solid-state controls for electric cars, chopper-induced problems still exist: commutation and ac losses are significantly high, the chopping action induces losses within the power source, and large ripple components in the chopper output cause increased rms losses at the motor. The author's dual chopper, two conventional choppers in parallel, reduces these problems. The duty cycle generated by the firing circuit is feedback controlled so that the load current remains proportional to control output. The dual chopper operates in a three-in-one system: in the first mode, the batteries charge at high rates; the second mode controls the amount of power flowing from battery to motor; and in the third or regenerative braking mode, the chopper transfers energy from the motor to the battery.
Energy applications of ionic liquids (2009)

Due to their unusual sets of properties, ionic liquids have many important applications in devices and processes for the production, storage and efficient use of energy and other resources.
Post-genomic analyses of fungal lignocellulosic biomass degradation reveal the unexpected potential of the plant pathogen Ustilago maydis (2012)

This study provides insight into the lignocellulose-degradation mechanisms by filamentous fungi and allows for the identification of a number of enzymes that are potentially useful to further improve the industrial lignocellulose bioconversion process.
A Fault Detection and Isolation Methodology Theory and Application (1984)

The paper presents the theoretical development and practical applications of a fault detection and isolation (PDI) methodology which exploits all available sources of redundant information. By concurrent checking of relative consistencies among all redundant measurements, the most consistent and inconsistent subsets are identified for measurement estimation and fault isolation, respectively. The FDI algorithm is particularly suitable for real-time applications using commercially available microcomputers and has been tested on-line in operating nuclear reactors.
Ring closure of ortho-blocked 4-aryl-1,2,4-triaza-1,3-dienes via 1,6-electrocyclisation followed by Diels–Alder dimerisation (1987)

1-Acyl-4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,2,4-triaza-1,3-dienes (7), generated in situ upon manganese dioxide oxidation of the corresponding N-acyl-N′-(2,6-dimethylphenylaminomethylene)hydrazines (6), give the bridged heterocyclic compounds (10)via 1,6-electrocyclisation followed by Diels–Alder dimerisation. The isonitrile (8) is also obtained as a minor fragmentation product.
A Gene Cluster Involved in Degradation of Substituted Salicylates via<i>ortho</i>Cleavage in<i>Pseudomonas</i>sp. Strain MT1 Encodes Enzymes Specifically Adapted for Transformation of 4-Methylcatechol and 3-Methylmuconate (2006)

Pseudomonas sp. strain MT1 has recently been reported to degrade 4- and 5-chlorosalicylate by a pathway assumed to consist of a patchwork of reactions comprising enzymes of the 3-oxoadipate pathway. Genes encoding the initial steps in the degradation of salicylate and substituted derivatives were now localized and sequenced. One of the gene clusters characterized (sal) showed a novel gene arrangement, with salA, encoding a salicylate 1-hydroxylase, being clustered with salCD genes, encoding muconate cycloisomerase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, respectively, and was expressed during growth on salicylate and chlorosalicylate. A second gene cluster (cat), exhibiting the typical catRBCA arrangement of genes of the catechol branch of the 3-oxoadipate pathway in Pseudomonas strains, was expressed during growth on salicylate. Despite their high sequence similarities with isoenzymes encoded by the cat gene cluster, the catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and muconate cycloisomerase encoded by the sal cluster showed unusual kinetic properties. Enzymes were adapted for turnover of 4-chlorocatechol and 3-chloromuconate; however, 4-methylcatechol and 3-methylmuconate were identified as the preferred substrates. Investigation of the substrate spectrum identified 4- and 5-methylsalicylate as growth substrates, which were effectively converted by enzymes of the sal cluster into 4-methylmuconolactone, followed by isomerization to 3-methylmuconolactone. The function of the sal gene cluster is therefore to channel both chlorosubstituted and methylsubstituted salicylates into a catechol ortho cleavage pathway, followed by dismantling of the formed substituted muconolactones through specific pathways.
Performance Analysis of the Random Access in IEEE 802.16 (2006)

Recently, the IEEE has standardized the 802.16 protocol for metropolitan broadband wireless access systems. According to the standard, the random access scheme based on the slotted binary exponential backoff algorithm is used in this system for initial ranging and bandwidth requests transmission. This paper provides both the simulation and analytical models for the investigation of the random access in IEEE 802.16. Based on the assumption of finite number of subscriber stations and ideal channel conditions the delay is evaluated for varying number of transmission opportunities and different backoff window sizes
A Health-IoT Platform Based on the Integration of Intelligent Packaging, Unobtrusive Bio-Sensor, and Intelligent Medicine Box (2014)

In-home healthcare services based on the Internet-of-Things (IoT) have great business potential; however, a comprehensive platform is still missing. In this paper, an intelligent home-based platform, the iHome Health-IoT, is proposed and implemented. In particular, the platform involves an open-platform-based intelligent medicine box (iMedBox) with enhanced connectivity and interchangeability for the integration of devices and services; intelligent pharmaceutical packaging (iMedPack) with communication capability enabled by passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) and actuation capability enabled by functional materials; and a flexible and wearable bio-medical sensor device (Bio-Patch) enabled by the state-of-the-art inkjet printing technology and system-on-chip. The proposed platform seamlessly fuses IoT devices (e.g., wearable sensors and intelligent medicine packages) with in-home healthcare services (e.g., telemedicine) for an improved user experience and service efficiency. The feasibility of the implemented iHome Health-IoT platform has been proven in field trials.
Agonist and Antagonist Activity During Voluntary Upper-Limb Movement in Patients with Stroke (1992)

Forty-four patients with hemiplegia following stroke and 10 nondisabled subjects were studied to examine the contributions inadequate motor unit recruitment and co-contraction attributable to impaired antagonist inhibition play in the movement disorder of the hemiplegic arm. Electromyographic data were recorded from agonist and antagonist muscles while subjects attempted six specified tasks. Data from subjects who could complete the tasks were compared with those who could not complete the tasks. Differences between the two groups were found in the electromyographic data obtained from the agonist muscles. Electromyographic values were consistently and significantly lower in patients who were unable to complete the tasks than in patients who were able to complete the tasks. In the antagonist muscles, a significant difference was noted only once; in this case, the EMG values were again lower in the group of patients who were unable to complete the task. Inadequate recruitment of agonists, not increased activity in the antagonists, was a consistent finding in patients who were unable to carry out the movement tasks. This study theoretically supports aiming treatment efforts at improving motoneuron recruitment rather than reducing activity in antagonists while retraining arm function.
A Low-Switching-Frequency Flux Observer and Torque Model of Deadbeat–Direct Torque and Flux Control on Induction Machine Drives (2014)

This paper presents a digital implementation of deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) for induction machines at low switching frequencies (SFs). For high SFs, existing discrete-time flux observers and Volt-second-based inverse torque models used for DB-DTFC achieve acceptable flux estimation accuracy and fast torque response. However, the flux estimate is less accurate when the SF is reduced and the DB-DTFC performance degrades. This paper develops a more suitable flux observer and Volt-second-based inverse torque model that minimizes flux estimation error and improves torque control for DB-DTFC. Simulation and experimental results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed observer and torque model at very low SFs. Consequently, digital implementation of low-SF DB-DTFC on high-power induction machines is feasible.
Role of β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) in leucine stimulation of muscle mitochondrial biogenesis (2012)

We have previously demonstrated leucine to increase Sirt1 activity, mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in muscle cells. While the mechanism of these effects is not clear, it is likely that the leucine metabolites α‐ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) and HMB play a role. Dietary leucine is transaminated by branched‐chain aminotransferase (BCAT) to the α‐keto analogue (KIC), which is then metabolized into isovaleryl‐CoA or HMB by KIC‐dioxygenase. Approximately 5 to 10% of ingested leucine is converted into HMB. We have previously demonstrated that KIC and HMB both stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation similarly to leucine. To confirm that these effects of leucine are mediated by its metabolites, we knocked down KIC‐dioxygenase via siRNA transfection in C2C12 myoblasts and then determined the effect of intact leucine (0.5mM) versus HMB (50μM) on myoblast mitochondrial biogenesis (assessed fluorometrically via NAO binding). Both HMB and leucine increased mitochondrial biogenesis by ~30–35% (p<0.05) in the absence of KIC‐dioxygenase knock‐down. However, cells treated with siRNA failed to exhibit stimulation. Thus, leucine and KIC modulation of muscle mitochondrial biogenesis appear to be mediated by the leucine metabolite HMB.
A review of the available construction methods for Golomb rulers (2009)

We collect the main construction methods for Golomb rulers available in the literature along with their proofs.In particular, we demonstrate that the Bose-Chowla method yields Golomb rulers that appear as the main diagonalof a special subfamily of Golomb Costas arrays. We also show that Golomb rulers can be composed to yield longer Golomb rulers.
Complete Bell state measurement with controlled photon absorption and quantum interference (2000)

A solid state device to discriminate all the four Bell states is proposed. The device is composed of controlled absorption crystals, rotators, and retarders. The controlled absorption, where the state of one photon affects the absorption of the other photon, is realized by two photon absorption in a cubic crystal. The controlled absorption crystal detects a particular Bell state and is transparent for the other Bell states. The rotators and retarders transform a Bell state to another. This device may solve the problems in the early quantum teleportation experiments in photon polarization states.
Effects of harvesting method and growth stage on the flocculation of the green alga Botryococcus braunii (1998)

Flocculating activity was determined to evaluate the effective harvesting method and an optimal growth stage for the recovery of the green alga Botryococcus braunii growing in batch cultures. Flocculating activity was highest at 2 weeks of incubation, regardless of harvesting methods. The degree of flocculation was different with harvesting methods and growth stages. A high pH value (pH 11) was more effective for flocculation than treatment with aluminium sulphate or a microbial flocculant, Pestan, until the third week of incubation. The lipid content of the algae on a dry weight basis was unaffected by harvesting methods. These results indicate that the most effective harvesting method is to adjust pH to 11 after 2 weeks of incubation.
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (1971)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) provides a versatile, gentle, high resolution method for fractionation and physical-chemical characterization of molecules on the basis of size, conformation, and net charge. The polymerization reaction can be rigorously controlled to provide uniform gels of reproducible, measurable pore size over a wide range. This makes it possible to obtain reproducible relative mobility (Rf) values as physical-chemical constants. Application and extension of Ogston's (random fiber) model for a gel allows for calculation of molecular volume, surface area, or radius, free mobility, and valence from RJ measurements at several gel concentrations, to calculate gel concentration for optimal resolution, and to predict behavior of macromolecules on gel gradients by computerized methods. Extension of classical moving boundary theory has been used to generate multiphasic buffer systems (providing selective stacking, unstacking, restacking, and preparative steady-state-stacking) with known operating characteristics for any pH at 0 degrees and 25 degrees C. A general strategy for isolation of macromolecules and for macromolecular mapping has been developed. Preparative scale PAGE is operational for milligram loads and feasible for gram quantities.
Ionic Liquid and Solid HF Equivalent Amine-Poly(Hydrogen Fluoride) Complexes Effecting Efficient Environmentally Friendly Isobutane−Isobutylene Alkylation (2005)

Isoparaffin-olefin alkylation was investigated using liquid as well as solid onium poly(hydrogen fluoride) catalysts. These new immobilized anhydrous HF catalysts contain varied amines and nitrogen-containing polymers as complexing agents. The liquid poly(hydrogen fluoride) complexes of amines are typical ionic liquids, which are convenient media and serve as HF equivalent catalysts with decreased volatility for isoparaffin-olefin alkylation. Polymeric solid amine:poly(hydrogen fluoride) complexes are excellent solid HF equivalents for similar alkylation acid catalysis. Isobutane-isobutylene or 2-butene alkylation gave excellent yields of high octane alkylates (up to RON = 94). Apart from their excellent catalytic performance, the new catalyst systems significantly reduce environmental hazards due to the low volatility of complexed HF. They represent a new, "green" class of catalyst systems for alkylation reactions, maintaining activity of HF while minimizing its environmental hazards.
<i>In-Situ </i>Interferometry Studies of the Drying and Swelling Kinetics of an Ultrathin Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) Gel Film below and above Its Volume Phase Transition Temperature (1996)

The temperature influence on the drying and swelling kinetics of ultrathin poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel film were studied by in-situ interferometry. The drying rate is greatly dependent on temperature. When T ≲ 31 °C, the original gel film was swollen and contained more than 99% of water before drying. Our results showed that the initial drying rate was a constant. However, it became faster and faster toward the end of the drying. On the other hand, when T ≳ 32 °C, the gel film was in the collapsed state, but still contained ∼70% of water, before drying. Three distinct drying processes were observed, namely, a very fast initial shrinking, a slow transition period, and a normal drying process similar to that of the gel film when T ≲ 31 °C. As for the swelling process, it can be better described by the first-order kinetics developed by Li and Tanaka. The cooperative diffusion coefficient and the ratio of the shear modulus to the longitudinal modulus were determined from a least-squares fitting of the swelling experimental data according to the swelling equation for a large disk. A critical slowing down of the gel swelling for the thin film was observed in the range of 33−35 °C.
Deposition and Characterization of ZnS/Si Heterojunctions Produced by Vacuum Evaporation (1988)

Isotype heterojunctions of ZnS (lattice constant 5.41 A) were grown on silicon (lattice constant 5.43 A) p-n junctions to form a minority-carrier mirror. The deposition process was vacuum evaporation from a ZnS powder source onto a heated (450 C) substrate. Both planar (100) and textured (111) surfaces were used. A reduction of the minority-carrier recombination at the surface was seen from increased short-wavelength quantum response and increased illuminated open-circuit voltage. The minority-carrier diffusion length was not degraded by the process.