gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fault-tolerant Adaptive and Minimal Routing Scheme in $n$-D Meshes (2002)

In this paper a sufficient condition is given for minimal routing in $n$-dimensional ($n$-D) meshes with faulty nodes contained in a set of disjoint fault regions. It is based on an early work of the author on minimal routing in low-dimensional meshes (such as 2-D meshes with faulty blocks). Unlike many traditional models that assume all the nodes know global fault distribution, our approach is based on the concept of limited global fault information. First, a novel fault model called Fault Region is proposed in which all faulty nodes in the system are contained in a set of disjoint regions. Fault information is coded in a $2n$-tuple called Extended Safety Level associated with each node of an $n$-D mesh to support minimal routing. Specifically, we study the existence of minimal paths at a given source node, limited distribution of fault information, minimal routing and deadlock-free routing. Our results show that any minimal routing that is partially adaptive can still be applied, as long as the destination node eets a certain safety condition. A dynamic planar-adaptive routing scheme is presented that offers better fault tolerance and adaptivity than the regular planar-adaptive routing scheme in $n$-D meshes. In 3-D meshes, both regular and dynamic planar-adaptive routing need three virtual channels. Our approach is the first attempt to address minimal routing in $n$-D meshes with faulty nodes using limited global fault information.
Meta-analysis of topical tazarotene in the treatment of mild to moderate acne. (2004)

Topical tazarotene has shown superior efficacy over other topical retinoids, including adapalene and tretinoin, in the treatment of mild to moderate acne. A meta-analysis of data from 6 multicenter, double-blind, randomized comparative trials was performed to determine how patient characteristics influence the efficacy and tolerability of topical tazarotene. Data on 468 patients who used tazarotene 0.1% gel or cream once daily for 12 weeks were collected. Topical tazarotene was effective and well tolerated, regardless of patients' acne severity, skin type, sex, or ethnicity. In general, 'using the cream formulation rather than the gel formulation optimized tolerability. These results indicate that topical tazarotene 0.1% gel and cream are efficacious and well-tolerated treatment options for clearing acne vulgaris across a broad range of patients.
Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas (2013)

Clinical characteristics Hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), previously called hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), is characterized by growths of multiple osteochondromas, benign cartilage-capped bone tumors that grow outward from the metaphyses of long bones. Osteochondromas can be associated with a reduction in skeletal growth, bony deformity, restricted joint motion, shortened stature, premature osteoarthrosis, and compression of peripheral nerves. The median age of diagnosis is three years; nearly all affected individuals are diagnosed by age 12 years. The risk for malignant degeneration to osteochondrosarcoma increases with age, although the lifetime risk for malignant degeneration is low (~2%-5%). Diagnosis/testing The diagnosis of HMO is established in a proband with characteristic radiographic findings of multiple osteochondromas and/or a heterozygous pathogenic variant in EXT1 or EXT2 identified on molecular genetic testing. Management Treatment of manifestations: Painful lesions in the absence of bone deformity are treated with surgical excision that includes the cartilage cap and overlying perichondrium to prevent recurrence; forearm deformity is treated with excision of the osteochondromas, corrective osteotomies, and ulnar-lengthening procedures; though uncomplicated resection of osteochondromas in growing children is frequently reported, there is a theoretic risk of growth abnormality resulting from resection of periphyseal osteochondromas; angular misalignment of the lower limbs may be treated with hemiepiphysiodeses (or osteotomies) at the distal femur, proximal tibia, or distal tibia; leg-length inequalities greater than 2.5 cm are often treated with epiphysiodesis (growth plate arrest) of the longer leg or lengthening of the involved leg; early treatment of ankle deformity may prevent or decrease later deterioration of function; sarcomatous degeneration is treated by surgical resection. Surveillance: Monitoring of the size of exostoses in adults may aid in early identification of malignant degeneration, but no cost/benefit analyses are available to support routine surveillance; a single screening MRI of the spine in children with HMO has been recommended by some to identify spinal lesions that may cause pressure on the spinal cord and would warrant close clinical follow up with excision of lesions that cause spinal cord impingement and/or symptoms. To date, there are no prospective studies to show a benefit of systematic screening MRI in asymptomatic individuals. Genetic counseling HMO is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Penetrance is approximately 96% in females and 100% in males. In 10% of affected individuals HMO is the result of a de novo pathogenic variant. Offspring of an affected individual are at a 50% risk of inheriting the pathogenic variant. Prenatal testing for a pregnancy at increased risk and preimplantation genetic diagnosis are possible if the pathogenic variant in a family is known.
Gastric Emptying of Water in Term Pregnancy (2002)

Gastric emptying in healthy, term, nonobese, nonlaboring pregnant women is not delayed after ingestion of 300 ml water compared with that after an overnight fast.
Rapid activation of hepatic glutaminase in rats fed on a single high-protein meal (1993)

We report that hepatic glutaminase is rapidly activated in rats fed on a single high-protein (60% casein) meal. Rats previously fed on a normal-protein (15% casein) diet for 3-4 days were given a high-protein meal for 2 h. The high-protein meal increased the rate of flux through glutaminase in intact liver mitochondria nearly 3-fold (20.6 +/- 1.7 nmol/min per mg of protein versus 7.5 +/- 2.9 nmol/min per mg of protein) at a P(i) concentration of 10 mM. The activation of flux through glutaminase by a high-protein meal involved an increased sensitivity of glutaminase to P(i), an activator of the enzyme. The Ka for P(i) was 1.0 mM and 24.1 mM in mitochondria from rats fed on the high-protein and normal-protein meals respectively. We measured the concentration of P(i) in the mitochondrial matrix and found that it did not differ in mitochondria from rats fed on the high-protein and normal-protein meals, suggesting that the effect of the high-protein meal on the P(i)-sensitivity of glutaminase was not due to a change in the distribution of P(i) across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Glutaminase activity was measured by using mitochondrial membranes from frozen-thawed mitochondria. Glutaminase activity and its dependence on P(i) were similar for preparations from rats fed on high-protein and normal-protein meals. These findings show that hepatic glutaminase is stimulated rapidly by a high-protein meal. This is part of the physiological hepatic response to increased protein intake which permits the liver to cope with the influx of glutamine occurring at this time.
Enhancing Interfacial Bonding between Anisotropically Oriented Grains Using a Glue‐Nanofiller for Advanced Li‐Ion Battery Cathode (2016)

Formation of a glue-nanofiller layer between grains, consisting of a middle-temperature spinel-like Lix CoO2 phase, reinforces the strength of the incoherent interfacial binding between anisotropically oriented grains by enhancing the face-to-face adhesion strength. The cathode treated with the glue-layer exhibits steady cycling performance at both room-temperature and 60 °C. These results represent a step forward in advanced lithium-ion batteries via simple cathode coating.
Multi-drug resistance in salmonellae isolated from enteric fever cases at Porur--a semi urban area near Madras City. (1992)

A total of 249 isolations of Salmonella were made during 1991, of which 67.46 per cent were resistant to chloramphenicol. Resistance to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and amoxycillin was higher (82.91, 77.69, 81.42 per cent respectively). Salmonella typhi was predominant agent forming 94.78 per cent and Salmonella paratyphi A caused the remaining infections. 44.98 per cent of the isolations were in children. This outbreak has been discussed in the light of other reports from India.
Communities from seed sets (2006)

Expanding a seed set into a larger community is a common procedure in link-based analysis. We show how to adapt recent results from theoretical computer science to expand a seed set into a community with small conductance and a strong relationship to the seed, while examining only a small neighborhood of the entire graph. We extend existing results to give theoretical guarantees that apply to a variety of seed sets from specified communities. We also describe simple and flexible heuristics for applying these methods in practice, and present early experiments showing that these methods compare favorably with existing approaches.
Clean coal conversion processes – progress and challenges (2008)

Although the processing of coal is an ancient problem and has been practiced for centuries, the constraints posed on today's coal conversion processes are unprecedented, and utmost innovations are required for finding the solution to the problem.
Preparation and characterization of chitosan‐based dispersions (2004)

Abstract Complexation of chitosan in aqueous solutions by low molecular weight electrolytes is one of the simplest methods for the preparation of aqueous chitosan dispersions. In this work, the influence of storage time, sulfate concentration, method of preparation and surfactant content on some properties of the resultant chitosan dispersions (turbidity, viscosity and zeta potential) was analyzed. Turbidimetry was adequate to monitor the formation of particles, while viscometry was suitable to monitor changes in the dispersing phase. An analysis of the properties of these systems, mainly in terms of particle–particle and macromolecule–macromolecule interactions was carried out. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Heterocyclic prostaglandins. VI. Synthesis of 11-deoxy-8,10-diazaprostaglandin E1 and its 10-methyl derivative. (1980)

The synthesis of 11-deoxy-8, 10-diazaprostaglandin E1 (1a) starting from methyl 3-benzyloxycarbonyl-2-oxo-4-imidazolidinecarboxylate (3a) is reported. Alkylation of 3a with methyl 7-bromoheptanoate and NaH gave methyl 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-(6-methoxycarbonyl) hexyl-2-oxo-4-imidazolidinecarboxylate (9), which was converted into the 4-hydroxymethyl-imidazolidine derivative (10). The Moffatt oxidation of 10, and the Wittig reaction of the resulting aldehyde (11) with dimethyl 2-oxoheptylphosphonate provided an enone (12). Reduction of 12, and hydrolysis of a mixture of C15-epimeric alcohols (15) followed by re-esterification afforded 11-deoxy-8, 10-diazaprostaglandin E1 methyl ester (17a). Alkaline hydrolysis of 17a gave 1a as crystals in a good yield. The 10-methyl derivative (2a) was also synthesized. Methylation of 3a with methyl iodide and K2CO3 gave the 1-methylimidazolidine analog (7a), which was converted into methyl 3-(6-methoxycarbonyl) hexyl-1-methyl-2-oxo-4-imidazolidinecarboxylate (20) after debenzyloxycarbonylation and alkylation with methyl 7-bromoheptanoate. Conversion of 20 into 2a was carried out by a synthetic sequence similar to that used for the elaboration of 1a.
A Conceptual Model for the Pathophysiology of Vulvar Vestibulitis Syndrome (2006)

After completion of this article, the reader should be able to state that vulvar vestibulitis is common; recall that the disorder has three major pathophysiological pathways and that understanding of these pathways is important in selecting treatment options, and explain that the clinician must attempt to properly classify the clinical presentations of the disorder.
Requirement of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) for tumor necrosis factor-induced cytokine expression (1999)

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is activated by treatment of cells with cytokines and by exposure to environmental stress. The effects of these stimuli on p38 MAP kinase are mediated by the MAP kinase kinases (MKKs) MKK3, MKK4, and MKK6. We have examined the function of the p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway by investigating the effect of targeted disruption of the Mkk3 gene. Here we report that Mkk3 gene disruption caused a selective defect in the response of fibroblasts to the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor, including reduced p38 MAP kinase activation and cytokine expression. These data demonstrate that the MKK3 protein kinase is a critical component of a tumor necrosis factor-stimulated signaling pathway that causes increased expression of inflammatory cytokines.
Structure-Guided Design and Optimization of Dipeptidyl Inhibitors of Norovirus 3CL Protease. Structure–Activity Relationships and Biochemical, X-ray Crystallographic, Cell-Based, and In Vivo Studies (2015)

Norovirus infection constitutes the primary cause of acute viral gastroenteritis. There are currently no vaccines or norovirus-specific antiviral therapeutics available for the management of norovirus infection. Norovirus 3C-like protease is essential for viral replication, consequently, inhibition of this enzyme is a fruitful avenue of investigation that may lead to the emergence of antinorovirus therapeutics. We describe herein the optimization of dipeptidyl inhibitors of norovirus 3C-like protease using iterative SAR, X-ray crystallographic, and enzyme and cell-based studies. We also demonstrate herein in vivo efficacy of an inhibitor using the murine model of norovirus infection.
Autonomous Component Carrier Selection for Local Area Uncoordinated Deployment of LTE-Advanced (2009)

Uncoordinated deployment of eNBs in local area environments will benefit from having support for dynamic frequency re-use mechanisms also known as "autonomous component carrier selection", where each eNB dynamically selects to use only a subset of the available component carriers (i.e. using from one component carrier up to the maximum number of available component carriers). Component carriers are selected autonomously by each eNB depending on the offered traffic, interference coupling with neighboring cells, etc. In this contribution we propose a simple and distributed scheme based on so-called background interference matrices (BIMs) for autonomous component carrier selection. Extensive numerical simulation campaigns indicate that the proposed scheme effectively allows each eNB to select the most attractive frequency configuration; improving average user capacity and boosting cell edge performance considerably.
A europium(iii)-based PARACEST agent for sensing singlet oxygen by MRI (2013)

A europium(III) DOTA-tetraamide complex was designed as a MRI sensor of singlet oxygen ((1)O2). The water soluble, thermodynamically stable complex reacts rapidly with (1)O2 to form an endoperoxide derivative that results in an ∼3 ppm shift in the position of the Eu(III)-bound water chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) peak. The potential of using this probe to detect accumulation of the endoperoxide derivative in biological media by ratiometric CEST imaging was demonstrated.
Comprehensive Risk-based Planning for Small Unmanned Aircraft System Rooftop Landing (2018)

The expected proliferation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has prompted many to question their safety and reliability, particularly in urban areas. Failures and anomalies can lead to the need for emergency landing, which in turn requires the UAS operator or autonomy to rapidly identify and evaluate the risks for possible landing sites and trajectories to reach these sites. This paper proposes a method to optimize the overall emergency landing site and flight path risks. Although sensors can scan an immediate area, no safe site might be observable in which case pre-processed data on more distant safe sites is required. For example, in urban regions, out of sight flat rooftops may pose less risk to people and property than landing in streets or sidewalks. This paper proposes the offline construction of a landing site database using a variety of public data sources, uniquely allowing for the assessment of risk associated with a rooftop landing. A real-time map-based planner is presented that demonstrates a novel trade-off between landing site risk and path risk and provides a heuristic to improve decision-making efficiency.
Protective Effect of Glutamine on Radiation Damage (2002)

The protective effect of glutamine on radiation damage was summarized. Introducing stress was the protective effect of glutamine on intestinal injury, immune function and cell damage. Radiotherapy of tumor was recommended.
Somatotropic Signaling: Trade-Offs Between Growth, Reproductive Development, and Longevity (2013)

Growth hormone (GH) is a key determinant of postnatal growth and plays an important role in the control of metabolism and body composition. Surprisingly, deficiency in GH signaling delays aging and remarkably extends longevity in laboratory mice. In GH-deficient and GH-resistant animals, the "healthspan" is also extended with delays in cognitive decline and in the onset of age-related disease. The role of hormones homologous to insulin-like growth factor (IGF, an important mediator of GH actions) in the control of aging and lifespan is evolutionarily conserved from worms to mammals with some homologies extending to unicellular yeast. The combination of reduced GH, IGF-I, and insulin signaling likely contributes to extended longevity in GH or GH receptor-deficient organisms. Diminutive body size and reduced fecundity of GH-deficient and GH-resistant mice can be viewed as trade-offs for extended longevity. Mechanisms responsible for delayed aging of GH-related mutants include enhanced stress resistance and xenobiotic metabolism, reduced inflammation, improved insulin signaling, and various metabolic adjustments. Pathological excess of GH reduces life expectancy in men as well as in mice, and GH resistance or deficiency provides protection from major age-related diseases, including diabetes and cancer, in both species. However, there is yet no evidence of increased longevity in GH-resistant or GH-deficient humans, possibly due to non-age-related deaths. Results obtained in GH-related mutant mice provide striking examples of mutations of a single gene delaying aging, reducing age-related disease, and extending lifespan in a mammal and providing novel experimental systems for the study of mechanisms of aging.
In vitro cell expansion and function detection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell derived CD4~+CD25~+ regulatory T cells (2014)

In this study, we aim to establish an in vitro expansion method for CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells(Treg) and detect its function. CD4+CD25+Treg was separated and purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cell by flow cytometry with 98% purity and 95% of purified cells were Foxp3 positive. The purified CD4+CD25+Treg was further stimulated in vitro with IL-2 and anti-CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibody for 1 to 6 weeks. Cell proliferation of stimulated Treg was detected by radioactive H3incorporation assay and a thousandfold increase was found after 6-week culture. Furthermore, the expression of Foxp3 and the secretion of IL-10/TGF-β were found significantly lower in stimulated Tregs than those in non-stimulated. In conclusion, this study successfully established an expansion method for CD4+CD25+Tregs, and Treg lose their Foxp3 marker after in vitro expansion.
Early diagnosis of celiac disease in IgA deficient children: contribution of a point-of-care test (2014)

CD-LFIA is a useful, non-invasive and rapid tool to rule out CD in primary care paediatric patients having CD-related symptoms and IgAD. Patients having a positive CD-LFIA result could be then readily directed to secondary care setting for further evaluation by standard serology and biopsy.
Integrated-optical Mach–Zehnder add–drop filter fabricated by a single UV-induced grating exposure (1997)

A four-port bandpass filter is demonstrated with good performance by use of UV-induced Bragg gratings in P-doped channel waveguides without UV trimming. The simple, single-step fabrication procedure is experimentally and theoretically analyzed, and tolerances are calculated for achieving practical wavelength-division-multiplexed communication system performance.
Promoter-Dependent Mechanism Leading to Selective Hypomethylation within the 5′ Region of Gene <i>MAGE-A1</i> in Tumor Cells (2004)

Several male germ line-specific genes, including MAGE-A1, rely on DNA methylation for their repression in normal somatic tissues. These genes become activated in many types of tumors in the course of the genome-wide demethylation process which often accompanies tumorigenesis. We show that in tumor cells expressing MAGE-A1, the 5' region is significantly less methylated than the other parts of the gene. The process leading to this site-specific hypomethylation does not appear to be permanent in these tumor cells, since in vitro-methylated MAGE-A1 sequences do not undergo demethylation after being stably transfected. However, in these cells there is a process that inhibits de novo methylation within the 5' region of MAGE-A1, since unmethylated MAGE-A1 transgenes undergo remethylation at all CpGs except those located within the 5' region. This local inhibition of methylation appears to depend on promoter activity. We conclude that the site-specific hypomethylation of MAGE-A1 in tumor cells relies on a transient process of demethylation followed by a persistent local inhibition of remethylation due to the presence of transcription factors.
Intercalators as Anticancer Drugs (2001)

Intercalators are the most important group of compounds that interact reversibly with the DNA double helix. Some of them are valuable drugs currently used for the treatment of ovarian and breast cancers and acute leukemias, while many others are in different phases of clinical trials. Intercalating agents share common structural features such as the presence of planar polyaromatic systems which bind by insertion between DNA base-pairs, with a marked preference for 5'-pyrimidine-purine-3' steps. The chromophores are linked to basic chains that might also play an important role in the affinity and selectivity shown by these compounds. Bisintercalators have two potential intercalating ring systems connected by linkers which can vary in length and rigidity. Nowadays it is well accepted that the antitumor activity of intercalators is closely related to the ability of these compounds to stabilize the DNA-intercalator-topoisomerase II ternary complex. In this work we have carried out a revision of small organic molecules that bind to the DNA molecule via intercalation, and exert their antitumor activity through a proven topoisomerase II inhibition. We have tried to give a general overview of the most recent results in this area, paying special attention to compounds that are currently under clinical trials. Among those are naphthalimides, a group of compounds that has been developed in our laboratory since the 70's.