gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanofluids containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes and their enhanced thermal conductivities (2003)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as produced are usually entangled and not ready to be dispersed into fluids. We treated CNTs by using a concentrated nitric acid to disentangle CNT aggregates for producing CNT nanofluids. Oxygen-containing functional groups have been introduced on the CNT surfaces and more hydrophilic surfaces have been formed during this treatment, which enabled to make stable and homogeneous CNT nanofluids. Treated CNTs were successfully dispersed into polar liquids like distilled water, ethylene glycol without the need of surfactant and into nonpolar fluid like decene with oleylamine as surfactant. We measured the thermal conductivities of these nanotube suspensions using a transient hot wire apparatus. Nanotube suspensions, containing a small amount of CNTs, have substantially higher thermal conductivities than the base fluids, with the enhancement increasing with the volume fraction of CNTs. For the suspensions with the same loading, the enhanced thermal conductivity ratios are reduced with the increasing thermal conductivity of the base fluid. Comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical model indicates that the thermal conductivities of nanotube suspensions seem to be very dependent on the interfacial layer that exists between the nanotube and the liquid.
Hierarchically porous carbons from an emulsion-templated, urea-based deep eutectic (2017)

A hierarchically porous carbon monolith (97% porosity) was generated through the carbonization of an emulsion-templated monolith formed from a chain extended, urea-based, deep-eutectic polymer. The highly interconnected micrometer-scale porous structure had a high specific surface area (812 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup>, largely microporous) and exhibited promising results for aqueous solution sorption applications.
Robust clause boundary identification for corpus annotation (2012)

The paper describes a rule-based system for tagging clause boundaries, implemented for annotating the Estonian Reference Corpus of the University of Tartu, a collection of written texts containing ca 245 million running words and available for querying via Keeleveeb language portal. The system needs information about parts of speech and grammatical categories coded in the word-forms, i.e. it takes morphologically annotated text as input, but requires no information about the syntactic structure of the sentence. Among the strong points of our system we should mention identifying parenthesis and embedded clauses, i.e. clauses that are inserted into another clause dividing it into two separate parts in the linear text, for example a relative clause following its head noun. That enables a corpus query system to unite the otherwise divided clause, a feature that usually presupposes full parsing. The overall precision of the system is 95% and the recall is 96%. If “ordinary ” clause boundary detection and parenthesis and embedded clause boundary detection are evaluated separately, then one can say that detecting an “ordinary ” clause boundary (recall 98%, precision 96%) is an easier task than detecting an embedded clause (recall 79%, precision 100%).
Methodological Approach for Optimization of Completion Practices in Mature Carbonate Fields (2013)

Abstract Technology advances, coupled with favorable commodity prices, have made it possible for operators to revive mature oil fields once considered depleted. This paper intends to illustrate how using existing wellbores to prove development potential and refine completions practices jump started one such revival in the Permian Basin. The team used a methological approach to prioritize projects, optimize stimulations, minimize the impact of wellbore integrity issues, and drive down costs. Though this paper focuses on work implemented in a mature field environment, any field with a major review of the existing completion strategy can use the methodology outlined. Technical discussions focus on stimulation optimization techniques and wellbore integrity assurance. The workflows for project prioritization and cost reduction are also addressed. The methological approach led to reduction of fracture stimulation expenses by fifty %, reduction in rig time, and reduction of contingency cost associated with well integrity. As a result, otherwise uneconomic resources were added and future development opportunities were identified. Various sand-fracturing stimulation placement and diversion techniques were field tested and compared using post-stimulation production results and after-frac radioactive tracers. Despite the savings offered by diversion with ball sealers, isolation using mechanical tools was significantly more effective and justified the additional costs. Resin-coated sand concentration for flowback control was analyzed and reduced from 50% to 10% based on findings. The team was able to reduce pad volumes and increase sand concentrations resulting in improved fracture conductivities and reduced costs. Field supervisors were trained to analyze net pressure response and adjust pumping schedule on the fly. The well integrity communication and information workflow was implemented, reducing costs and operations downtime. Major workover risks were identified, recorded, and quantified, improving project contingency planning and resource allocation.
Basement Membrane Type IV Collagen and Laminin: An Overview of Their Biology and Value as Fibrosis Biomarkers of Liver Disease (2017)

Basement membranes provide structural support to epithelium, endothelium, muscles, fat cells, Schwann cells, and axons. Basement membranes are multifunctional: they modulate cellular behavior, regulate organogenesis, promote tissue repair, form a barrier to filtration and tumor metastasis, bind growth factors, and mediate angiogenesis. All basement membranes contain type IV collagen (Col IV), laminin, nidogen, and perlecan. Col IV and laminin self-assemble into two independent supramolecular networks that are linked to nidogen and perlecan to form a morphological discernable basement membrane/basal lamina. The triple helical region, 7S domain and NCI domain of Col IV, laminin and laminin fragment P1 have been evaluated as noninvasive fibrosis biomarkers of alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Elevated serum Col IV and laminin are related to degrees of fibrosis and severity of hepatitis, and may reflect hepatic basement membrane metabolism. But the serum assays have not been linked to disclosing the anatomical sites and lobular distribution of perisinusoidal basement membrane formation in the liver. Hepatic sinusoids normally lack a basement membrane, although Col IV is a normal matrix component of the space of Disse. In liver disease, laminin deposits in the space of Disse and codistributes with Col IV, forming a perisinusoidal basement membrane. Concomitantly, the sinusoidal endothelium loses its fenestrae and is transformed into vascular type endothelium. These changes lead to capillarization of hepatic sinusoids, a significant pathology that impairs hepatic function. Accordingly, codistribution of Col IV and laminin serves as histochemical marker of perisinusoidal basement membrane formation in liver disease. Anat Rec, 300:1371-1390, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous Operation of a Solid-State Optical Maser (1962)

Experiments demonstrating continuous operation of a solid-state optical maser are described. A continuous coherent wave at 1.065 \ensuremath{\mu} is obtained from trivalent neodymium in CaW${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, operating at about 85\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At room temperature a continuous wave at 1.058 \ensuremath{\mu} is obtained. Room temperature operation is possible due to the large splitting between the terminal state of the maser transition and the ground state (\ensuremath{\sim}2000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$). Near threshold power output \ensuremath{\sim}10 mw is observed, using silver coatings only.
Glucocorticoid induction of tyrosine hydroxylase in a continous cell line of rat pheochromocytoma. (1978)

We have established a continous cell line (G1) in which the tyrosine hydroxylase specific activity is increased as much as 50-100-fold in response to dexamethasone. This response is specific for the glucocorticoid class of steroid hormones; it is elicited by dexamethasone, corticosterone, and triamcinolone, but not by estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, or deoxycorticosterone acetate. The increase in tyrosine hydroxylase specific activity is likely to be due to the increased synthesis of new enzyme protein rather than an activation of existing protein molecules, inasmuch as this increase is completely blocked by cycloheximide.
Purification and Properties of Dextransucrase and Invertase from <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (1974)

Invertase (beta-d-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.26) and dextransucrase (alpha-1, 6-glucan: d-fructose 2-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.5) were purified from the culture fluids of Streptococcus mutans by chromatography on Sepharose 6B and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose followed by treatment with hydroxyapatite. Each of the enzyme preparations gave a single band when analyzed by either polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or immunodiffusion. The antigenic determinant of invertase was different from that of dextransucrase on immunodiffusion. The pH optima were 5.25 for invertase and 5.75 for dextransucrase, and the K(m) values were 20 mM for invertase and 2.0 mM for dextransucrase. The molecular weights determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis were 160,000 for invertase and 170,000 for dextransucrase. The data obtained suggest that the dextransucrase had dextran-synthesizing activity and invertase-like activity.
Expression of the chemically synthesized coding region for the cytotoxin α‐sarcin in <i>Escherichia coli</i> using a secretion cloning vector (1990)

The coding region for the cytotoxin alpha-sarcin from Aspergillus giganteus has been chemically synthesized by the ligation of 19 overlapping oligodeoxyribonucleotides. An Escherichia coli clone producing the cytotoxin was constructed by inserting the synthesized gene directly downstream to the region coding for the signal peptide of the OmpA protein (a major outer membrane protein of E. coli), using the secretion cloning vector pIN-III-OmpA2. The enzyme encoded by the chemically synthesized gene expressed in E. coli displayed properties identical to those of native alpha-sarcin isolated from A. giganteus with respect to its chemistry, antigenicity and ribonucleolytic activity in qualitative assays.
Transmembranous incorporation of photoelectrically active bacteriorhodopsin in planar lipid bilayers. (1981)

Various methods to incorporate bacteriorhodopsin in black lipid membranes are reported. Both purple membrane patches and monomeric bacteriorhodopsin were used as starting material. The incorporation of bacteriorhodopsin into planar lipid bilayers was achieved by the following methods. (i) Purple membrane patches were transferred from water to solutions of lipids in n-alkanes. Black membranes were formed from such organic suspensions. (ii) Lipid layers containing solvent and purple membranes were spread on an air/water interface. These layers were used to form planar bilayers. (iii) Vesicles containing purple membranes or monomeric bacteriorhodopsin were spread on an air/water interface and, from the resulting layer, bilayers were formed. On illumination, steady-state photocurrents were observed in all three cases, indicating that these methods lead to functional transmembranous integration of the protein in the planar black lipid membrane. The influence of an applied electric field on the pumping process was studied on membranes formed by using method i. At approximately 200 mV, the photocurrent tends to zero. Furthermore, it was possible to make planar lipid bilayers photoelectrically active by adding vesicles containing monomeric bacteriorhodopsin to the bathing solution. Because, in this case, only transient photocurrents were observed, it can be concluded that the vesicles are attached to but not fused with the black lipid membrane.
Load Forecasting using Hierarchical Clustering Method for Building (2015)

In recent years, energy supply cases to take advantage of EMS(Energy Management System) are increasing according to high interest of energy efficiency. The important factor for essential and economical EMS operation is the supply and demand plan the hourly power demand of building load using the hierarchical clustering method of variety statistical techniques, and use the real historical data of target load. Also the estimated results of study are obtained the reliability through separate tests of validity.
Detection, Repair and Signalling of DNA Double-Strand Breaks (1999)

Conference Article| February 01 1999 Detection, Repair and Signalling of DNA Double-Strand Breaks S. P. Jackson S. P. Jackson 1Wellcome/CRC Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 IQR, U.K., and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Received: September 02 1998 Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1999 Biochemical Society1999 Biochem Soc Trans (1999) 27 (2): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0270001 Article history Received: September 02 1998 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation S. P. Jackson; Detection, Repair and Signalling of DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1999; 27 (2): 1–13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0270001 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: DSB, double-strand break, NHEJ, non-homologous end-joining, DNA-PK, DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-PKcs, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, scid, severe combined immune deficiency, PI, phosphatidyl-inositol, A-T, ataxia telangiectasia This content is only available as a PDF. © 1999 Biochemical Society1999 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A mutation in the gene for type III procollagen (COL3A1) in a family with aortic aneurysms. (1990)

Experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that familial aortic aneurysms, either thoracic or abdominal, are caused by mutations in the gene for type III procollagen (COL3A1) similar to mutations in the same gene that have been shown to cause rupture of aorta and other disastrous consequences in the rare genetic disorder known as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV. A family was identified through a 37-yr-old female captain in the United States Air Force who was scrutinized only because many of her direct blood relatives had died of ruptured aortic aneurysms. The woman was heterozygous for a single-base mutation that converted the codon for glycine 619 of the alpha 1(III) chain of type III procollagen to a codon for arginine. Studies on cultured skin fibroblasts demonstrated the mutation caused synthesis of type III procollagen that had a decreased temperature for thermal unfolding of the protein. The same mutation was identified in DNA extracted from pathologic specimens from her mother who had died at the age of 34 and a maternal aunt who died at the age of 55 of aortic aneurysms. Examination of DNA from samples of saliva revealed that the woman's daughter, her son, a brother, and an aunt also had the mutation. The results demonstrated that mutations in the type III procollagen gene can cause familial aortic aneurysms and that DNA tests for such mutations can identify individuals at risk for aneurysms.
CO<sub>2</sub> Chemistry (2015)

Keywords: CO2 utilization; energy balance; reactivity; renewable resources; sustainability; value generation
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies induce neutrophils to degranulate and produce oxygen radicals in vitro. (1990)

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) are in the circulation of most patients with pauci-immune necrotizing vasculitis and pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. The current study demonstrates an effect of these autoantibodies on neutrophil function in vitro. ANCA cause normal human neutrophils to undergo an oxidative burst and degranulate. Both ANCA phenotypes (i.e., cytoplasmic-pattern ANCA and myeloperoxidase-specific ANCA) induce neutrophil activation. ANCA sera and purified immunoglobulins significantly increase the release of reactive oxygen species when compared with controls. ANCA, in a dose-dependent manner, induce the release of primary granule contents. These effects are markedly enhanced by priming neutrophils with tumor necrosis factor. Flow cytometry studies demonstrate the presence of myeloperoxidase on the surface of neutrophils after cytokine priming, indicating that primed neutrophils have ANCA antigens at their surfaces to interact with ANCA. These observations suggest an in vivo pathogenetic role for ANCA. We propose that, in patients with necrotizing vasculitis, ANCA-induced release of toxic oxygen radicals and noxious granule enzymes from cytokine-primed neutrophils could be mediating vascular inflammation.
Correlation of White Matter Diffusivity and Anisotropy with Age during Childhood and Adolescence: A Cross-sectional Diffusion-Tensor MR Imaging Study (2002)

Diffusion-tensor MR imaging results indicate that white matter maturation assessed at different ages involves increases in both white matter density and organization during childhood and adolescence. The trace of the apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy may reflect different physiologic processes in healthy children and adolescents.
A Family of Human Phosphodiesterases Homologous to the Dunce Learning and Memory Gene Product of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> are Potential Targets for Antidepressant Drugs (1993)

We have isolated cDNAs for four human genes (DPDE1 through DPDE4) closely related to the dnc learning and memory locus of Drosophila melanogaster. The deduced amino acid sequences of the Drosophila and human proteins have considerable homology, extending beyond the putative catalytic region to include two novel, highly conserved, upstream conserved regions (UCR1 and UCR2). The upstream conserved regions are located in the amino-terminal regions of the proteins and appear to be unique to these genes. Polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that these genes encoded the only homologs of dnc in the human genome. Three of the four genes were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and shown to encode cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterases. The products of the expressed genes displayed the pattern of sensitivity to inhibitors expected for members of the type IV, cyclic AMP-specific class of phosphodiesterases. Each of the four genes demonstrated a distinctive pattern of expression in RNA from human cell lines.
STEME: efficient EM to find motifs in large data sets (2011)

MEME and many other popular motif finders use the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to optimize their parameters. Unfortunately, the running time of EM is linear in the length of the input sequences. This can prohibit its application to data sets of the size commonly generated by high-throughput biological techniques. A suffix tree is a data structure that can efficiently index a set of sequences. We describe an algorithm, Suffix Tree EM for Motif Elicitation (STEME), that approximates EM using suffix trees. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of suffix trees to EM. We provide an analysis of the expected running time of the algorithm and demonstrate that STEME runs an order of magnitude more quickly than the implementation of EM used by MEME. We give theoretical bounds for the quality of the approximation and show that, in practice, the approximation has a negligible effect on the outcome. We provide an open source implementation of the algorithm that we hope will be used to speed up existing and future motif search algorithms.
An Innovative and Simple Impedance Matching Network Using Stacks of Metasurface Sheets to Suppress the Mismatch Between Antennas and RF Front-End Transceivers Circuits (2021)

A innovative and simple impedance matching network is presented that is implemented by stacking together metasurface (MTS) sheets. The technique is shown to reduce the mismatch between free-space and RF front-end antenna of a receiver. The MTS based impedance matching network is modeled as a transmission-line loaded with shunt and series capacitances and inductances, respectively. The proposed MTS impedance matching network can be employed to effectively interface the free-space to the antenna of an RF receiver and thereby optimize power absorption. Each MTS impedance matching sheet comprises two-dimensional periodic array of subwavelength microstrip resonator unit-cells that are spaced at a wavelength that is smaller than the frequency of operation. The unit-cells are square shaped patches and embedded with cross-shaped slots that are grounded through a via-hole. The MTS impedance matching network was fabricated using FR-4 substrate. 3D full-wave EM tool by Ansys HFSS™ was used to verify its effectiveness. The proposed MTS impedance matching sheet is relatively easy to implement in practice.
Timecourse of neural signatures of object recognition (2003)

How long does it take for the human visual system to recognize objects? This issue is important for understanding visual cortical function as it places constraints on models of the information processing underlying recognition. We designed a series of event-related potential (ERP) experiments to measure the timecourse of electrophysiological correlates of object recognition. We find two distinct types of components in the ERP recorded during categorization of natural images. One is an early presentation-locked signal arising around 135 ms that is present when there are low-level feature differences between images. The other is a later, recognition-related component arising between 150-300 ms. Unlike the early component, the latency of the later component covaries with the subsequent reaction time. In contrast to previous studies suggesting that the early, presentation-locked component of neural activity is correlated to recognition, these results imply that the neural signatures of recognition have a substantially later and variable time of onset.
The Study on Automatic and High-Precision Rectification and Registration of Multi-source Remote Sensing Imagery (2005)

The high precise method that automatically rectifying and registering the multi-source remote sensing imagery which are from different sensors with different resolutions and taken from different times, is presented in this paper. First of all, the image to be registered is roughly rectified by using the polynomial model. Then, the feature points are extracted automatically, which are distributing evenly on the roughly rectified image. Guided by the extracted feature points, the common points to be used in automatic registration are obtained by using the pyramid-layered template matching technique. Finally, both the geo-refe-rencing image and the image to be precisely registered are divided into a number of triangular regions by constructing the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) on them, and the high precise rectification and registration can be fulfilled on each triangular region one by one.