gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of the cloned gene for enterotoxin STb of Escherichia coli (1990)

This study involved the construction of hybrid plasmids to produce heat-stable enterotoxin type II of Escherichia coli (STb). The translation of the open reading frame for the STb gene estA was demonstrated in several ways. Studies using in vivo labeling with [35S]cysteine demonstrated a radiolabeled protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the expected molecular weight of 5,000 for toxin STb. Insertion of translational or transcriptional termination signals into the BglII site of the estA gene blocked the expression of estA. The estA gene was cloned into high-expression vector pKC30 downstream from the strong pL promoter. Northern (RNA) blotting assays revealed a 10- to 20-fold increase in mRNA produced by strain C600F(pKC30STb) over other STb-producing strains, compared with little or no increase in enterotoxin activity demonstrated by bioassay. The estA gene, with its own promoter and Shine-Delgarno region and a portion of the sequence for the signal peptide deleted, was also inserted under the control of the tac promoter. Even after induction of the tac promoter by addition of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, no biologic enterotoxin activity could be identified. Neutralizing antibodies to STb were produced in rabbits by using either a purified OmpF-STb-beta-galactosidase fusion protein or a 19-amino-acid synthetic STb peptide coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin.
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE FIBER POST-POLYMERIZED BY HEAT-TREATMENT (1979)

Commercial polyethylene terephthalate fiber was heated in N2 atmosphere or in vacuum to several temperatures below the melting point. ηsp/C of the polymer solution increased a little with heating in N2 and strikingly with heating in vacuum. The activation energy for the post-polymerization in vacuum is found to be 20.8 kcal/mol. Tensile strength, elongation and Young's modulus decreased with heating except with heating in vacuum at 253°C; the latter increased elongation remarkably. The crystallinity measured by density method increased with heating noticeably in comparison with that measured by X-ray method. With heating in vacuum at 253°C, the crystalline orientation changed little while the amorphous orientation decreased largely. Superheating of the melting point measured by DTA method occurred remarkably with heating in vacuum at 253°C. The increase of tensile elongation and the peculiar change of fine structure for the fiber heated in vacuum at 253°C can be explained by the formation of tie molecules during the post-polymerization in the solid-state.
Mobile Ad Hoc networking and the IETF (1998)

This article provides a snapshot of work underway within the Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANET) Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The article summarizes the proceedings of the last MANET WG meeting, presents some issues currently under discussion on the MANET mailing list (manet@itd.nrl.navy.mil) , and gives some rationale behind the architectural design approach being promoted within the group.
VDIPEN, a metalloproteinase-generated neoepitope, is induced and immunolocalized in articular cartilage during inflammatory arthritis. (1995)

The destruction of articular cartilage in immune inflammatory arthritic disease involves the proteolytic degradation of its extracellular matrix. The role of activated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the chondrodestructive process was studied by identifying a selective cleavage product of aggrecan in murine arthritis models initiated by immunization with either type II collagen or proteoglycan. We conducted semiquantitative immunocytochemical studies of VDIPEN341 using a monospecific polyclonal antibody requiring the free COOH group of the COOH-terminal Asn for epitope detection. This antibody recognizes the aggrecan G1 domain fragment generated by MMP [i.e., stromelysin (SLN) or gelatinase A] cleavage of aggrecan between Asn341-Phe342 but does not recognize intact aggrecan. VDIPEN was undetectable in normal mouse cartilage but was observed in the articular cartilage (AC) of mice with collagen-induced arthritis 10 d after immunization, without histological damage and clinical symptoms. This aggrecan neoepitope was colocalized with high levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in pericellular matrices of AC chondrocytes but was not seen at the articular surface at this early time. Digestion of normal (VDIPEN negative) mouse paw cryosections with SLN also produced heavy pericellular VDIPEN labeling. Computer-based image analysis showed that the amount of VDIPEN expression increased dramatically by 20 d (70% of the SLN maximum) and was correlated with GAG depletion. Both infiltration of inflammatory cells into the synovial cavity and early AC erosion were also very prominent at this time. Analysis of adjacent sections showed that both induction of VDIPEN and GAG depletion were strikingly codistributed within sites of articular cartilage damage. Similar results occurred in proteoglycan-induced arthritis, a more progressive and chronic model of inflammatory arthritis. These studies demonstrate for the first time the MMP-dependent catabolism of aggrecan at sites of chondrodestruction during inflammatory arthritis.
Structural Diversity in the Cytoplasmic Region of G Protein-Gated Inward Rectifier K+ Channels (2007)

Inward rectifier K+ (Kir) channels can be functionally categorized into two groups: those that are constitutively active and those that are constitutively inactive, with examples such as Kir2.x and Kir3.x, respectively. Their cytoplasmic regions are thought to be critical for control of channel gating, but a structural basis for this hypothesis is not known. In this study, we report a structure for the cytoplasmic region of a G protein-gated Kir channel, Kir3.2, and compare it with those of Kir3.1 and Kir2.1 channels. The isolated cytoplasmic region of Kir3.2 forms a tetrameric assembly in solution and also in the crystal. While the secondary structure arrangement and the subunit interface of the Kir3.2 crystal structure are found to be nearly identical to those of Kir3.1 and Kir2.1, it is quite different at and around loops between betaC- and betaD-strands and between betaH- and betaI-strands. These structural elements are located at the interface with the plasma membrane. Therefore, these structural elements could associate with the Kir channel transmembrane helices and be involved in the regulation of Kir channel gating.
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Reveal Differential Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways That Converge on Elk-1 (1995)

Inhibitors of protein synthesis, such as anisomycin and cycloheximide, lead to superinduction of immediate-early genes. We demonstrate that these two drugs activate intracellular signaling pathways involving both the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascades. The activation of either pathway correlates with phosphorylation of the c-fos regulatory transcription factor Elk-1. In HeLa cells, anisomycin stabilizes c-fos mRNA when protein synthesis is inhibited to only 50%. Under these conditions, anisomycin, in contrast to cycloheximide, rapidly induces kinase activation and efficient Elk-1 phosphorylation. However, full inhibition of translation by either drug leads to prolonged activation of SAPK activity, while MAPK induction is transient. This correlates with prolonged Elk-1 phosphorylation and c-fos transcription. Elk-1 induction and c-fos activation are also observed in KB cells, in which anisomycin strongly induces SAPKs but not MAPKs. Purified p54 SAPK alpha efficiently phosphorylates the Elk-1 C-terminal domain in vitro and comigrates with anisomycin-activated kinases in in-gel kinase assays. Thus, Elk-1 provides a potential convergence point for the MAPK and SAPK signaling pathways. The activation of signal cascades and control of transcription factor function therefore represent prominent processes in immediate-early gene superinduction.
Indoor Magnetic Signature Based Localization Algorithm without Person-Dependent Parameter Calibration (2014)

Location-dependent differences of ambient magnetic fields inside a building can be used to estimate location. In this paper, an inertial/magnetic sensor is attached to a belt position and its location is estimated using the ambient magnetic field. The walking distance is estimated using the linear relationship between the walking step length and the maximum acceleration during the step. The magnetic field data during walking is compared with a pre-collected magnetic signature. In this process, calibration steps are required for two person-dependent parameters: the walking step length estimation parameter and the hard iron parameter. An adaptive algorithm is proposed, in which these person-dependent parameters are estimated in addition to the location. Thus no person-dependent parameter calibration process is required. Through experiments, it is shown that the location and parameters are estimated accurately.
8‐METHOXYPSORALEN‐PHOTOINDUCED DNA CROSSLINKS AS DETERMINED IN YEAST BY ALKALINE STEP ELUTION UNDER DIFFERENT REIRRADIATION CONDITIONS. RELATION WITH GENETIC EFFECTS (1988)

Abstract— DNA damage induced by 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) plus near UV light (UVA) was analyzed in diploid yeast using the alkaline step elution technique. The presence of 8‐MOP and UVA induced DNA interstrand cross‐links was revealed by the increase of DNA retained on elution filters as compared to untreated controls. The fraction of DNA retained on filters increased linearly with UVA dose. The amount of cross‐links was estimated from the fraction of DNA retained on filters using a dose of &#x006d;̀‐radiation leading to a number of DNA strand breaks at least equivalent to the number of 8‐MOP induced photoadducts. When 8‐MOP treated cells were exposed to monochromatic light, 365 nm light induced monoadducts and cross‐links whereas 405 nm light induced only monoadducts. When submitting 8‐MOP plus 405 nm light treated cells to 365 nm irradiation, after removal of unbound 8‐MOP by washing, a portion of 8‐MOP plus 405 nm light induced monoadducts was converted into cross‐links. The amount of monoadducts transformed into cross‐links was dependent on the dose of 365 nm irradiation up to a maximum likely to correspond to the number of suitably positioned furan‐side monoadducts that could be converted into biadducts. When 8‐MOP plus 365 nm light treated cells were reirradiated with 365 nm light, following the same protocol, the maximum level of cross‐linking obtainable in yeast was lower than that obtained with 8‐MOP in a 405 nm plus 365 nm reirradiation protocol. In the presence of 8‐MOP single exposures to 405 nm light were found to be only slightly genotoxic. However, when followed by second exposures to 365 nm light, a dose‐dependent increase in genetic effects, i.e. mutation and gene conversion, was observed in parallel to the induction of DNA crosslinks. These results stress again the prominent role of DNA cross‐links in the genotoxicity of 8‐MOP.
<title>Optical pattern recognition for validation and security verification</title> (1994)

We propose an idea for security verification of credit cards, passports, and other ID so that they cannot easily be reproduced. A new scheme of complex phase/amplitude patterns that cannot be seen and cannot be copied by an intensity sensitive detector such as a CCD camera is used. The basic idea is to permanently and irretrievably bond a phase mask to a primary identification amplitude pattern such as a fingerprint, a picture of a face, or a signature. Computer simulation results and tests of the proposed system will be provided to verify that both the phase mask and the primary pattern are separately readable and identifiable in an optical processor or correlator.
Investigation of chlorine decay of water resource in khanbebein city, Golestan, Iran (2013)

Aims: The object of the study was to identify chlorine demand factorsin water and chlorine in Kanbebein City water and eliminating of them.Materials and Methods: Concentration of free and combined residual chlorine with the methods presented in the book Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater Examination were measured. Other parameters such as: Temperature, TOC, TDS, pH, EC, nitrate, ammonia, total hardness, alkalinity, iron and manganese were also examined before and after of chlorination.Results: The Highest chlorine decay constant in the short time were in water well was 0.895 mgL -1 h -1 and the least amount of it was 0.0097 mgL -1 h -1 and the Highest chlorine decay constant in the long time were in water well was-0.092Lmg -1 h -1 and the least amount of it was-0.0017 Lmg -1 h -1 that correlated with nitrite, ammonia and iron concentration.Conclusion: The factors that affected short-time chlorine decay constant (k 2 ) were nitrite, ammonia and iron and The factors that affected on long-time chlorine decay constant (k 2 ) were Nitrite, ammonia and iron. The material removal techniques for them were the use of natural resins, zeolite, ion exchange, membrane and aeration methods, oxidation and sedimentation, and filtration.
Peptide-mediated broad-spectrum plant resistance to tospoviruses (2003)

Plant viruses have a significant impact on agronomic losses worldwide. A new strategy for engineering virus-resistant plants by transgenic expression of a dominant interfering peptide is presented here. This peptide of 29 aa strongly interacts with the nucleocapsid proteins (N) of different tospoviruses. Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana lines expressing the peptide fused to a carrier protein were challenged with five different tospoviruses that have a nucleocapsid protein interacting with the peptide. In the transgenic plants, strong resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus, tomato chlorotic spot virus, groundnut ring spot virus, and chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus was observed. This therefore demonstrates the feasibility of using peptide "aptamers" as an in vivo tool to control viral infection in higher plants.
INFECTIONS OF THE SCALP (2001)

As an important component of skin, the hair-bearing scalp represents a unique microenvironment, which is afflicted by unique infections caused by many organisms such as fungi, viruses, parasites, and bacteria. Scalp infections affect all ages, both males and females and all races. This chapter describes the distinctive features of the hair-bearing scalp and its associated infections with highlights of current treatment regimes.
Dielectric resonator antenna phased array for fixed RFID reader in near field region (2012)

In this paper a 8×8 dielectric resonator antenna phased array is designed for fixed RFID reader design at 5.8 GHz. Each element in the array has four supporting arms with perforated structure. The sequential feeding technique is used to improve the axial ratio and gain of the array. Near-field focusing technique is used to maximize the radiated power in a limited size spot at a distance of 40 cm from the array aperture by adding a proper phase shift to each element. The array provides 3-dB focus depth of 26 cm with SLL of -14.3 dB compared with SLL of -5.2 dB for uniformly phased array.
Scenario-based design space exploration of MPSoCs (2010)

Early design space exploration (DSE) is a key ingredient in system-level design of MPSoC-based embedded systems. The state of the art in this field typically still explores systems under a single, fixed application workload. In reality, however, the applications are concurrently executing and contending for system resources in such systems. As a result, the intensity and nature of application demands can change dramatically over time. This paper therefore introduces the concept of workload scenarios in the DSE process, capturing dynamic behavior both within and between applications. More specifically, we present and evaluate a novel, scenario-based DSE approach based on a coevolutionary genetic algorithm.
Gastritis Associated with Infection by Helicobacter pylori: Comparative Pathology in Humans and Swine (1991)

Infection of humans with Helicobacter pylori elicits a multifocal, active, chronic inflammatory response and moderate to severe atrophy of the gastric mucosa. Currently, piglets are the only reported animal model of H. pylori infection. Our objective was to compare the inflammatory response induced in humans with that induced in piglets by H. pylori infection. Samples of gastric mucosa were obtained from H. pylori-infected and uninfected piglets and humans. The composition of the inflammatory cell infiltrate and mucosal atrophy were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis of the biopsied gastric tissue. Infection with H. pylori resulted in a three-fold increase in the volume of inflammatory cells in the gastric mucosa of both humans and piglets. In H. pylori-infected humans, neutrophils composed the bulk of the cellular infiltrate; in piglets, the primary inflammatory cell was the lymphocyte. Both humans and piglets had severe epithelial cell vacuolation and significant reduction of the gastric mucosal surface area. We concluded that pathologic processes induced by infection with H. pylori, which include relatively severe mucosal inflammation, mucosal atrophy, and epithelial vacuolation, are similar in piglets and humans but that the primary inflammatory cell types are distinctly different in the two species.
Vacancy diffusion kinetics in arsenic-rich nonstoichiometric AlAs/GaAs heterostructures (2000)

Transient-enhanced intermixing is known to occur in arsenic-rich nonstoichiometric AlAs/GaAs quantum wells grown at a low substrate temperature around 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The intermixing is attributed to a supersaturated concentration of group-III vacancies and is enhanced by several orders of magnitude relative to diffusion in stoichiometric structures grown at ordinary substrate temperatures. In this paper we establish that the decay of the excess vacancy concentration satisfies second-order decay kinetics at a confidence level of 80%.
Fractional programming: The sum-of-ratios case (2003)

One of the most difficult fractional programs encountered so far is the sum-of-ratios problem. Contrary to earlier expectations it is much more removed from convex programming than other multi-ratio problems analyzed before. It really should be viewed in the context of global optimization. It proves to be essentially [Formula: See Text]-hard in spite of its special structure under the usual assumptions on numerators and denominators. The article provides a recent survey of applications, theoretical results and various algorithmic approaches for this challenging problem.
Proton Magnetic Resonance Studies on Natural Rubber. II. Line Shape and <i>T</i>1 Measurements (1957)

Proton magnetic resonance absorption measurements have been made on samples of uncured Hevea, balata, and Coral rubber as well as on vulcanized samples with up to 9% combined sulfur. The motions of the chain segments were studied by observing line shapes and spin-lattice relaxation times at temperatures between —190 and 150°C. Several types of data show different molecular mobilities for vulcanized samples with a given combined sulfur but prepared by curing mixes with different fractions of raw sulfur for different times. Line width studies of the uncured Hevea sample as a function of thermal history indicate that the molecular mobility decreases with increasing crystallinity. Chemical shifts were resolved in high resolution studies of solutions of uncured Hevea, balata, and Coral rubber. The T1 measurements, including observations at 20 and 28 Mc/sec on uncured Hevea and balata, exhibit systematic deviations from the BPP theory. The significance of the deviations is discussed.
The Enamine-Immonium Cation System of 9, 10-Dimethoxy-1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7-hexahydrobenzo [a] quinolizinium Salt (1960)

The enamine, 9, 10-dimethoxy-3, 4, 6, 7-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[a]quinolizine, which was isolated by basifying the aqueous solution of the corresponding immonium chloride, was proved to be reconverted into the immonium cation when dissolved in 85% ethanol to a concentration of ca. 10-4M. The equilibrium between the two is discussed based on its ultraviolet absorption spectra at various pH values.
Syntheses and Chirality Control of Optically Active Poly(diphenylacetylene) Derivatives (2009)

Optically active poly(diphenylacetylene) derivatives, poly(4-((S)-2-methoxyoctyloxy)diphenylacetylene) (poly-1), poly(4-((S)-2-triethylsiloxyoctyloxy)diphenylacetylene) (poly-2), and poly(4-((S)-2-hydoxyoctyloxy)diphenylacetylene) (poly-3), were successfully synthesized and were examined about their chiroptical and liquid crystalline properties. The mirror image of circular dichroic (CD) spectra of poly-1 and poly-2 in dilute solution indicated that their polymer backbones adopted a helical conformation with the opposite handedness. Poly-3 prepared from poly-2 by deprotection of a triethylsilyl group showed the same helical handedness with poly-2. Poly-1−poly-3 had a lyotropic liquid crystalline property while thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior was observed for poly-1 and poly-3. Poly-1−poly-3 spin-cast films showed a strong bisignate CD signal centered at absorption band of polymer backbone, which suggested the formation of a chiral organization. Thermal annealing enhanced the induced chirality in poly-3 film and inversed the induced chirality in poly-1 film. Simple exposure to organic solvent vapor also enhanced the induced chirality in poly-1−poly-3 films. Furthermore, the intensity of induced chirality in poly-3 film was reversibly controlled by exposing to appropriate solvent vapor alternately.
M-channel linear phase perfect reconstruction filter bank with rational coefficients (2002)

This paper introduces a general class of M-channel linear phase perfect reconstruction filter banks (FBs) with rational coefficients. A subset of the presented solutions has dyadic coefficients, leading to multiplierless implementations suitable for low-power mobile computing. All of these FBs are constructed from a lattice structure that is VLSI-friendly, employs the minimum number of delay elements, and robustly enforces both linear phase and perfect reconstruction property. The lattice coefficients are parameterized as a series of zero-order lifting steps, providing fast, efficient, in-place computation of the subband coefficients. Despite the tight rational or integer constraint, image coding experiments show that these novel FBs are very competitive with current popular transforms such as the 8/spl times/8 discrete cosine transform and the wavelet transform with 9/7-tap biorthogonal irrational-coefficient filters.
Amplified integrated star couplers with zero loss (1991)

It is shown that it is possible to compensate for the approximately 17 dB splitting and excess loss of a 19*19 integrated star coupler with erbium-doped fibers (EDFs) connected to the output channels. The amplifier fibers are pumped to near-quantum-limited noise performance using only one laser source at 0.98 mu m, which is connected to one of the input ports and is distributed to the EDFs through the star itself. The integrated star coupler's near-wavelength-independent performance is able to transmit both the pump light at 0.98 mu m and the signal at 1.55 mu m with a loss differential on the order of only 1 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>